input from each input modality channel as input. It realizes low-level data/events fusion, such as: Time alignment of all input channels, recognizing events in each input channel, identifying groups of events in different input channels that are possibly a multimodal command (e.g. events in different channels that happened at approximately the same time). This module outputs possible multimodal commands/actions to the interpreter to interpret their meaning.
4.2.2 Multimodal input interpreter
The Multimodal input interpreter has 2 inputs: groups of fused multimodal events and knowledge in HMI model, which is the updated status of all HMI components in the system (such as object currently under the cursor in navigation display or current state of navigation display in general)
It interprets meaning of fused multimodal events, for example, speech input "direct to" and touch input on a WPT form the command "direct to WPT". The module can be thought of as an expert system that produces responses based on a set of multimodal input rules. Those rules define possible meaningful combinations of multimodal events. If a group of multimodal events doesn't match any meaningful combination, it will be defined as an input error. The output of this module is pilot's intent interpreted as a command created from multimodal inputs, for example to divert to a certain waypoint.
This module plans adaptation strategy based on predefined rules, such as crew state adaptation rules, task distribution adaptation rules etc. This is a standalone module developed by another partner that is not connected to the Final Prototype. In the future, all adaptation rules should be provided by responsible partners. For example, if the crew cognitive load is high, high priority information needs to be output to a more salient modality (e.g. speech instead of display). Task distribution rules can shift certain tasks from crew to automation, thus the output needs to be adapted accordingly. The output of this module is adaptation strategy.
4.2.3 Multimodal output processor
The Multimodal output processor has the capability of handling following inputs: Command created from pilot's intent and HMI model – current status of all HMI components in the system.
Given pilot's intent, this module determines the output strategy based on multimodal output rules (predefined). Multimodal output rules define multimodal output strategies in a default standard situation. Output is created solely based on multimodal output rules.
4.3 Multimodal Navigation Display
The A-PiMod Multimodal Navigation Display (MM ND) is an early, low-maturity (TRL3) interactive software prototype of multifunctional ND with Human-Machine Interface (HMI) and philosophy based on Honeywell Interactive Navigation (INAV) legacy. The prototype has been developed on existing multifunctional ND prototyping platform that has traditional HMI controlled by Cursor Control Device (CCD) and Multifunctional Keyboard, (MKB) and extended with the support for speech and touch interaction.
4.3.1 Navigation display screen layout
The Navigation display screen layout contains the following elements: Lateral map, CCD position, Range (Zoom) ring with range value label, Ownship, Flight plan and pull-down menu containing the main map features and gives access to sub-menus to customize ND contents. The ND tool bar is permanently displayed at the top of the display.
4.3.2 Functions
The A-PiMod MM ND has the following functionality for Lateral map manipulation: moving map (MOVE), map rotation – display mode change (Heading-Up, North-Up, flexible 360°), map view change (Full, Vertical Situation Display (VSD), center map (CENTER) (cursor position, object – Ownship, Object: WPT, VOR, Airport), zoom map (ZOOM), map range change (zoom-in, zoom-out), displaying lateral map layers (Terrain, Airport, VORs, NDBs, Intersections, Hi Airways, Lo Airways, Term Airspace, Special Use, Traffic, VSA, Missed Approach, Obstacles, Cities, Roads, Minor Roads, Railroads) and displaying Weather (WX) radar.
The MM ND has the following functionality for Graphical Flight Panning (GFP): graphic representation of the flight plan, cross WPT (CROSS), hold over WPT (HOLD), direct to WPT (DIRECT TO), amend route from WPT (AMEND), delete WPT (DELETE), apply proposed GFP changes (APPLY) and activate Temporary Flight Plan (ACTIVATE)
4.3.3 Modalities
The prototype supports several input modalities, namely Multifunction Keyboard (MKB), Cursor Control Device (CCD), touch and speech. In general, the individual modalities support the following interaction patterns:
Cursor control device (CCD): pointing and selection (point-and-click paradigm), zooming the lateral map, moving map (with MKB), centering map, menu interaction, command invocation
Multifunction keyboard (MKB): entering values, switching modes of interaction, e.g. CCD mode for pointing and moving
Touch: Selection (tap), command invocation (tap), zooming the map (pinch-to-zoom), centering map, map rotation (rotate), moving map (pan), menu interaction
Speech: Entering values, selection (e.g. options), command invocation (when particularly supported), zooming the map, centering map, rotating the map (either north up or aircraft's heading up) and menu interaction
Speech interaction is triggered via push-to-command button and the system provides the response on the bottom part of the ND in white colour as a feedback to user about executed action; or error when command is not recognized. Speech can also be used cross-modally (as described below) for commands which require an object specification (e.g. WPT). In this case, the WPT may be selected via CCD.
4.3.4 Multimodal and cross-modal interaction
The concept behind the prototype is inherently multimodal. It means that the user is allowed to use any supported modality that is available at given situation. Furthermore, the user is allowed to switch between modalities within a function, if the function itself requires more than one step to be executed. In this case each step may be conducted via any supported modality.
Besides the MMI, the Final Prototype also supports cross-modal interaction. In a cross-modal interaction, the modalities can be combined within single utterance in contrast to MMI where modalities can be switched between individual steps. The current prototype supports cross-modal interaction in Command-object use case. It means that command and the object may be specified via different modalities. For instance for "DIRECT TO KPHX" utterance, DIRECT may be specified via speech or command line and KPHX may be selected via touch or CCD. However, there must be time linkage between the time frame of command and object specification. The object may either be specified before (any time after previous utterance), during or after the command specification (but no later than 10 seconds after the command specification).
However, usage of individual modalities or combination of modalities may be subject to specific changes according to particular function. Table 1 summarizes the list of the supported modalities.
4.4 Speech Recognizer
Speech Recognizer is a module capable of recognizing a trained set of phrases consisting of single or several words, pre-processing them and sending them to Interaction Manager for further processing.
Since the number of phrases is rather large, Speech Recognizer implements two approaches in order to increase the robustness against recognition error (recognizing some other word or phrase than was spoken by the user):
1. Use of multiple grammars – instead of using one large set of phrases that can contain many phrases with similar pronunciation, it is divided into several smaller (possibly overlapping) subsets what makes it easier for the speech engine to recognize
2. Filtering based on confidence level – Speech Recognizer provides a confidence (represented as a number) that tells, how much is it sure that recognized phrase is the same as the pronounced one. The lower this confidence the higher probability that pronounced and recognized phrases differ. Speech Recognizer can filter out recognized phrases with confidence level below specified threshold; this significantly lowers a possibility of sending to Interaction Manager a different command than that was pronounced.
The speech recognizer was evaluated multiple times, in Honeywell's multi-modal cockpit as well as in the project demonstrator during Validation Cycle II.
Experimental work was also conducted in the area of building a combined language-model & grammar-driven recognizer capable of processing free speech with embedded chunks corresponding to the recognition grammar.
Significant amount of work was done on accent classification (we prefer 'accent' rather than 'dialect' to denote variations of English), using bottle-neck DNN features and i-vector based scoring. Experimental results were produced on the Foreign Accented English database showing that this architecture is useable for accent detection and that the results correspond to linguistic intuition.
4.5 Gesture Recognition Algorithms
Technology for remote passive eye tracking and for 3D implicit gesture recognition has been developed. The technology processes input from camera(s) placed in the cockpit (simulator), records the data and processes it. The output in the case of eye tracking is the direction of the operator's gaze, tested on the task of missed event detection. In the case of 3D gesture recognition, the output consists of recognized implicit gestures of the pilot, as she is interacting with the cockpit.
Along with the development of the algorithms and technology, datasets for training and evaluation of the methods have been collected and annotated and made public along with publication of the results. The results have been published at the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference in the form of two papers dealing with the individual approaches. A summary article has been submitted to the IEEE Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems and is currently under review.


DEV Community 👩💻👨💻
aldober
aldober
Posted on
Computer Generated Geometrics in less than 30 lines of code!
A combination of variety of geometrics can be cool and fun.
While generating it may seem like a tough task, one can actually experience the geometrics combo with less than 30 lines of code!
Set Up
The program uses p5.js for rendering.
How Does The Program Work?
 - The program generates a random number from 0 to 100 and assign it to a variable n.
 - The program loops n times, and with every iteration it
 initializes 7 variables:
 The first two are width and height, the second two are x and y, and the last three are random RGB (Red, Green and Blue) values.
 - Lastly, it draws a rectangle with the specified arguments.
Full Code
function setup() {
 const CANAVS_WIDTH = 400;
 const CANVAS_HEIGHT = 600;
 createCanvas(CANAVS_WIDTH, CANVAS_HEIGHT);
 background(random(255), random(255), random(255));
 const n = random(100);
 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 const w = random(CANAVS_WIDTH);
 const h = random(CANVAS_HEIGHT);
 const x = random(CANAVS_WIDTH);
 const y = random(CANVAS_HEIGHT);
 const r = random(255);
 const g = random(255);
 const b = random(255);
 fill(r, g, b);
 rect(x, y, w, h);
 }
}
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Why You Need to Study Javascript Fundamentals
The harsh reality for JS Developers: If you don't study the fundamentals, you'll be just another "Coder". Top learnings on how to get to the mid/senior level faster as a JavaScript developer by Dragos Nedelcu.


text:
Update: Red Flag Warning, Sierra Nevada Wind Advisory
A Red Flag Warning has been issued for the Mother Lode (1,000 to 3,000 feet), the Northern San Joaquin Valley (below 1,000 feet excluding the Delta) and the Stanislaus National Forest through 5 PM this afternoon.
Additionally, a Wind Advisory remains in effect for the Sierra Nevada through 9 AM this morning.
According to the National Weather Service, winds continue to range from twenty to forty mph with gusts up to fifty-five mph.
The daytime minimum humidity will range between seven to nineteen percent. Overnight recovery values range between twenty-five and fifty percent.
The most critical areas of concern is across exposed ridges and through wind-aligned drainages during the overnight and morning hours.
Outdoor burning is not recommended and is currently banned in the Mother Lode.
A Red Flag Warning means that critical fire weather conditions are either occurring now or will shortly. A combination of strong winds, low relative humidity and warm temperatures can contribute to extreme fire behavior.
A Wind Advisory means that sustained winds of twenty-five to thirty-nine mph or gusts forty to fifty-seven mph are possible. Winds this strong can cause blowing debris and make driving difficult, especially for high profile vehicles. Secure lose objects that could be damaged by the wind and use extra caution driving.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Table of contents
TOC
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Expand the table of content
Put Statement
office 365 dev account|Last Updated: 6/12/2017
|
1 Contributor
Writes data from a variable to a disk file.
Syntax
Put [ # ] filenumber, [ recnumber ], varname
The Put statement syntax has these parts:
PartDescription
filenumberRequired. Any valid file number.
recnumberOptional. Variant ( Long ). Record number ( Random mode files) or byte number ( Binary mode files) at which writing begins.
varnameRequired. Name of variable containing data to be written to disk.
Remarks Data written with Put is usually read from a file with Get. The first record or byte in a file is at position 1, the second record or byte is at position 2, and so on. If you omit recnumber, the next record or byte after the last Get or Put statement or pointed to by the last Seek function is written. You must include delimiting commas, for example:
Put #4,,FileBuffer
For files opened in Random mode, the following rules apply:
 - If the length of the data being written is less than the length specified in the Len clause of the Open statement, Put writes subsequent records on record-length boundaries. The space between the end of one record and the beginning of the next record is padded with the existing contents of the file buffer. Because the amount of padding data can't be determined with any certainty, it is generally a good idea to have the record length match the length of the data being written. If the length of the data being written is greater than the length specified in the Len clause of the Open statement, an error occurs.
 - If the variable being written is a variable-length string, Put writes a 2-byte descriptor containing the string length and then the variable. The record length specified by the Len clause in the Open statement must be at least 2 bytes greater than the actual length of the string.
 - If the variable being written is a Variant of anumeric type, Put writes 2 bytes identifying the VarType of the Variant and then writes the variable. For example, when writing a Variant of VarType 3, Put writes 6 bytes: 2 bytes identifying the Variant as VarType 3 ( Long ) and 4 bytes containing the Long data. The record length specified by the Len clause in the Open statement must be at least 2 bytes greater than the actual number of bytes required to store the variable.
 Note You can use the Put statement to write a Variantarray to disk, but you can't use Put to write a scalar Variant containing an array to disk. You also can't use Put to write objects to disk.
 - If the variable being written is a Variant of VarType 8 ( String ), Put writes 2 bytes identifying the VarType, 2 bytes indicating the length of the string, and then writes the string data. The record length specified by the Len clause in the Open statement must be at least 4 bytes greater than the actual length of the string.
 - If the variable being written is a dynamic array, Put writes a descriptor whose length equals 2 plus 8 times the number of dimensions, that is, 2 + 8 * NumberOfDimensions. The record length specified by the Len clause in the Open statement must be greater than or equal to the sum of all the bytes required to write the array data and the array descriptor. For example, the following array declaration requires 118 bytes when the array is written to disk.
Dim MyArray(1 To 5,1 To 10) As Integer
 - The 118 bytes are distributed as follows: 18 bytes for the descriptor (2 + 8 * 2), and 100 bytes for the data (5 * 10 * 2).
 - If the variable being written is a fixed-size array, Put writes only the data. No descriptor is written to disk.
 - If the variable being written is any other type of variable (not a variable-length string or a Variant ), Put writes only the variable data. The record length specified by the Len clause in the Open statement must be greater than or equal to the length of the data being written.
 - Put writes elements ofuser-defined types as if each were written individually, except there is no padding between elements. On disk, a dynamic array in a user-defined type written with Put is prefixed by a descriptor whose length equals 2 plus 8 times the number of dimensions, that is, 2 + 8 * NumberOfDimensions. The record length specified by the Len clause in the Open statement must be greater than or equal to the sum of all the bytes required to write the individual elements, including any arrays and their descriptors.
For files opened in Binary mode, all of the Random rules apply, except:
 - The Len clause in the Open statement has no effect. Put writes all variables to disk contiguously; that is, with no padding between records.
 - For any array other than an array in a user-defined type, Put writes only the data. No descriptor is written.
 - Put writes variable-length strings that are not elements of user-defined types without the 2-byte length descriptor. The number of bytes written equals the number of characters in the string. For example, the following statements write 10 bytes to file number 1:
 VarString$ = String$(10," ")
 Put #1,,VarString$

Example
This example uses the Put statement to write data to a file. Five records of the user-defined type are written to the file.
Type Record ' Define user-defined type.
 ID As Integer
 Name As String * 20
End Type
Dim MyRecord As Record, RecordNumber ' Declare variables.
' Open file for random access.
Open "TESTFILE" For Random As #1 Len = Len(MyRecord)
For RecordNumber = 1 To 5 ' Loop 5 times.
 MyRecord.ID = RecordNumber ' Define ID.
 MyRecord.Name = "My Name" &; RecordNumber ' Create a string.
 Put #1, RecordNumber, MyRecord ' Write record to file.
Next RecordNumber
Close #1 ' Close file.
© 2018 Microsoft


text:
Security Challenges in Relations between Turkey and the European Union
Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyze the security problems that have emerged between Turkey and the European Union in recent years. The subject of the research was to gain extensive knowledge about contemporary relations between Turkey and the European Union. This goal was achieved by trying to analyze the most important factors determining the Turkish and Union foreign policy. Approach/Methodology/Design: IDI research was used in the study. These methods include conducting in-depth interviews with the government officials, as well as representatives of the international institutions responsible for the foreign policy. Moreover, CAWI techniques were used in the study. The study was conducted at the turn of 2018 and 2021. Findings: Turkey plays a key role in the security of the European Union. Currently is hosting about 4 million refugees. Moreover, Turkey has been a major transit route for European jihadists heading to the Middle East. However, Turkey is exploiting the migrant crisis and the jihadists to gain political concessions. It wishes to soften the EU's sanction against its policy in the potentially oil-rich regions of the eastern Mediterranean. Practical implications: The results of this research may prove very useful in the context of ongoing academic discussions on the terrorist threat in the region and the dynamics and development of events in the Middle East. The article may indicate what policy should be implicate toward Turkey. Originality/Value: The article attempts to fill a gap in the literature on the subject. Research approach may clarify the essence of the relationship between Turkey and the European Union. Thus, the results of these studies may prove very useful in the context of the ongoing academic debates surrounding the role of Turkey in the region and what is its dynamics and the interest toward the Europe. Project may indicate what policies should be adopted by the Western countries in relation to Turkey. Besides, it is unlikely that future developments in the Middle East will lead to the end of the war in the region, and therefore this analytical work will remain important for many readers, including scholars, who want to broaden their knowledge and understand the role of Turkey in international relations.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Watershed Landcare Inc.
Have you seen Quolls in the area?
As part of the Wild Encounters project, we will be investigating threatened species and biodiversity
in our local area. In this week's Catchment Corner we will be taking a look at the Spotted-tailed Quoll, mainland Australia's largest carnivorous marsupial.
The Spotted-tailed Quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) is about the size of a domestic cat and can be distinguished from the other Quoll species by the spots on its tail. Usually nocturnal, they are agile climbers but spend most of their time on the forest floor, using hollow logs, rocky outcrops and crevices to shelter and raise their young. Spotted-tailed Quolls have a distinctive bounding gait and a call "like a blast from a circular saw".
Their diet consist predominantly of medium-sized mammals but this efficient predator will take prey ranging from insects to small wallabies. Carrion is also an important component of the diet.
Habitat includes rainforest, open forest, woodland, coastal heathland and inland riparian forest.
Quolls typically travel along creek lines hunting for gliders, possums, bandicoots, rats, birds and lizards and their home ranges can cover up to 3000 ha. Although their natural habitat is the forest floor, they have learnt to travel across open country; especially farms where they find abundant and accessible food such as rabbits and poultry.
The species used to be widely distributed up to the snowline along both sides of the Great Dividing Range from southern Queensland to South Australia and Tasmania.
Loss of habitat through land clearing for agriculture and forestry has lead to population decline. Quolls were also treated as pests in agricultural landscapes; their love of chicken lead to extensive
extermination through poisoning, trapping and shooting.
Although populations in Tasmania have somewhat recovered, continued habitat fragmentation and competition from introduced predators such as the feral cat and fox have lead to the species being
listed as vulnerable in NSW and endangered nationally.
Have you seen a quoll at your place? Let us know: _EMAIL_
The Wild Encounters project is supported by Watershed Landcare through funding from the Australian Government's Communities Environment Program and is a part of the NSW Landcare Program, a collaboration of Local Land Services and Landcare NSW supported by the NSW Government.


Math on the Table (The Gracie Series)
Written and illustrated by Grace La Joy Henderson
Gracie loves to do math problems. When she finds a blank math worksheet on the table in the living room, she becomes excited. Gracie inquires of her parents where it came from. Both joke that they don't know the answer. Gracie decides that it must have been placed there for her. She hurries to solve all the problems on the paper and feels elated when she accomplishes the task.
When Gracie's younger brother discovers the completed worksheet, he becomes distraught. It turns out this was his homework. Gracie feels ashamed. She apologizes to her brother and learns a valuable lesson. This book is part of a series in which Gracie learns life lessons through personal experiences. The series is recommended for ages three through eleven but probably most appropriate for ages seven and older.
If you enjoyed reading this post, please subscribe by clicking on the word Follow or by hitting the RSS Feed button in the upper right-hand corner of this page.


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Can someone explain the difference?
Why I want to know:
I needed to use c# to create an alert and assign multiple users to it. I assume that would be SPWeb.Alerts.Add but they both seem to be the same & only take 1 user. In the end I created multiple identical user.alerts, 1 for each a user.
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2 Answers
up vote 0 down vote accepted
The only difference between calling SPWeb.Alerts.Add(...) and SPUser.Alerts.Add(...) that in case of SPWeb.Alerts.Add(...) alerts are created for current user.
Otherwise, there is no difference, for example, using the following calls:
web.Alerts.Add(tasks,SPEventType.All, SPAlertFrequency.Immediate);
or
web.CurrentUser.Alerts.Add(tasks, SPEventType.All, SPAlertFrequency.Immediate);
creates the same subscription record in Content DB.
share|improve this answer
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There is actually no difference between using SPWeb.Alerts or SPUser.Alerts to add new alerts. They ultimately execute the same code on the backend to create the alert.
When making multiple alerts, you simply need to call one of the methods for each user you are creating the alert for.
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1
BTW: You can see what code is being executed on the back-end by opening the Microsoft.SharePoint.dll assembly in .NET Reflector or some other reflector software. Useful when trying to figure out what SharePoint is doing. – John Chapman Jan 15 at 18:41
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text:
Landscape fabric is one of the easiest ways to keep weeds out of your beautiful garden. Landscaping fabrics are made from woven polypropylene or burlap, and can be installed in your garden beds to prevent unwanted growth, create pathways and flower beds, and even protect your plants from unwanted critters searching for something to snack on.
You can install your own landscape fabric in ten easy steps, but first, make sure you have these gardening tools:
- You want a clean start, so begin by ridding your garden of any existing weeds.
- Using your tiller or garden fork, turn your soil. If you're choosing to use any compost or soil additives, this is the time to add them. You won't be able to add to the soil once you've laid your landscaping fabric.
- To smooth the area, use your rake to clear the soil of any extra debri like sticks, rocks, or roots. Dispose of all debris, and then rake over the soil once more.
- Lay your roll of fabric down at one end of the garden, and unroll to the desired length.
- Now take out your scissors knife. Cut this long piece of fabric so it covers the entire area. You'll also want to cut additional large sized pieces of fabric. Overlap these extra pieces by 12 inches for added protection against weeds managing to escape through the gaps.
- Use your knife to cut slits in the fabric where you already have plants. Place these lit around the base of the plant's stem.
- You don't want your new garden bed to have unsightly bunches of lumps, so take this time to smooth the cover over your soil.
- Push a landscape staple into the fabric every few three or so feet. Make sure you secure all edges as well as the places where two sheets of fabric meet or overlap.
- Now you're ready to place your new plants. Cut an X into the fabric according to your new garden plan. Dig a hole where you've placed the X. Now you can place your plant. Cover the exposed roots with extra soil, and place the landscape cover back over the soil.
- Once you've completed planting all of your new plants, cover the entire landscape fabric with two inches mulch. You want mulch around your plants as well, but be careful not to pile it up against the fragile stems.


text:
Voice Assistants, love them, or hate them, are becoming more and more commonplace. One problem for voice assistants is the situation of multiple devices listening in the same place. When a command is given, which device should answer? Researchers at CMU's Future Interfaces Group [Karan Ahuja], [Andy Kong], [Mayank Goel], and [Chris Harrison] have an answer; smart assistants should try to infer if the user is facing the device they want to talk to. They call it direction-of-voice or DoV.
Currently, smart assistants use a simple race to see who heard it first. The reasoning is that the device you are closest to will likely hear it first. However, in situations with echos or when you're equidistant from multiple devices, the outcome can seem arbitrary to a user.
The implementation of DoV uses an Extra-Trees Classifier from the python sklearn toolkit. Several other machine learning algorithms were considered, but ultimately efficiency won out and Extra-Trees was selected. Another interesting facet of the research was determining what facing really means. The team had humans 'listeners' stand in for smart assistants. A 'talker' would speak the key phrase while the 'listener' determined if the talker was facing them or not. Based on their definition of facing, the system can determine if someone is facing the device with 90% accuracy that rises to 93% with per-room calibration.
Thanks [Karan] for sending this in!


Differences In Sarah Vowell's Shooting Dad
543 Words3 Pages
Have you ever had a disagreement with someone about a difference of opinion? Sarah Vowell, in her book Shooting Dad, talks about how she has a very different viewpoint on guns. From a young age, she said that she does not like guns, while on the other hand, her father loves them. Vowell encounters obstacles with her father because of their differences but still learns to accept his passions, which proves how differences can be overcome.
Vowell and her father express their own opinions very vividly to each other, which sometimes causes problems. Though Vowell respected her father, she could not understand why the most important things to him were guns. She even mentions "All he ever cared about were guns. All I ever cared about was art"
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text:
Imagine electric conductor,copper wire for example,that is fully coated with thin teflon coating and this coated wire is surrounded by air.
The classis high voltage air ionisation happens when the electrons start to escape naked non-insulated conductor and go into the air,its called corona discharge.
My question is,is it possible to cause ionisation of air by high voltage conductor that is fully coated by thin layer of strong insulator like teflon?
I think it my work in following way,near the insulated high voltage conductor,close to its surface there exist strong electric field that can accelerate positive ions or electrons,ofcourse,molecules and atoms of air are neutral,but its a fact that cosmic radiation,radon gas and ultraviolet light causes constant ionisation of air in the enviroment where we live,its very small amount but it exist and these small ionisation events,while invisible happen relatively often.
I think that maybe if one ionisation event happens near the insulated conductor where the electric field is strong,the field might be strong enough at that location to accelerate that electron to such degree it will cause ionisation by colliding with neutral air atom thus causing sort of avalanche where more electrons are ejected,they are accelerated and they ionise more atoms and it repeats and grows exponentialy.
Could all this happen like I described it? Could teflon insulated conductor really cause air ionisation without any current flowing from it into air?


Definitions for "-ine"
A suffix, indicating that those substances of whose names it is a part are basic, in their nature, i.e. contain a basic nitrogen group.
A suffix, formerly used to indicate hydrocarbons of the second degree of unsaturation; i. e., members of the acetyline series; as, hexine, heptine, etc., but now superseded by the ending -yne, as in propyne.


Slicing a string using Javascript slice
Introduction
In this article, we look at the Javascript Slice method then we'll dive into the code and lastly, we shall look at its limitations.
Table of Contents
What is Javascript Slice?
The Slice method in javascript is used to extract a particular section of a string without modifying the original string. Also, the extracted section is returned as a new string.
Syntax of Javascript Slice function
str.slice(beginIndex[, endIndex])
Here str is the original string
Parameters required for Javascript Slice
beginIndex
The beginIndex parameter in Javascript Slice is used to indicate the index at which the extraction should begin. Negative Indexes can also be used to indicate the index.
Example: In order to extract "ple" from "Flexiple" the beginIndex should be 5 as the index of "p" is 5.
Note:An empty string would be returned, In case the beginIndex is greater than or equal to the length of the string.
endIndex
Subsequently, the endindex parameter in Javascript Slice is used to indicate the index at which the extraction would end. And similar to beginindex, negative indexes can also be used, this would come in handy especially when you are dealing with longer strings.
Example: In order to extract "ple" from "Flexiple" the beginIndex should be 5 and the endindex should be 7 as the index of "e" is 7.
Note: The endinIndex parameter is optional, i.e, in case an endinIndex is specified it would end there else the slice function would end at the last index of the given string.
Code and its Explanation
const str = 'Hire the top 1% freelance developers and designers.';
console.log(str.slice(9, 24));
// expected output: "top 1% freelance"
console.log(str.slice(26));
// expected output: "developers and designers."
console.log(str.slice(-10));
// expected output: "designers."
console.log(str.slice(-42, -26));
// expected output: "top 1% freelance"
Limitation & Caveats of Using Javascript Slice
 - Ensure the endinindex is always greater than the begininIndex, else an empty string would be returned
 - Using negative index can be tricky, a tip is to make it easier is to consider it as (str.length + beginIndex/ endinIndex)


text:
Senior Director, Product Security at Credit Karma
What You'll Do
- Lead the security prevention and detection programs for the global enterprise.
- Manage the multi-year roadmap for security initiatives focusing on Network, Endpoint, Cloud, Product and Application Security.
- Identify gaps in the areas above and plan remediations.
- Partner with multiple stakeholders across the business and engineering to ensure security initiatives are aligned with business and technology strategy.
- Encourage strategic change and promote culture of proactive business transformation.
- Participate in key decision making and drive alignment.
- Gather technical recommendations from multiple subject matter experts and make informed decisions.
- Convert strategic concepts into execution while navigating business needs.
- Provide strategic architectural guidance and decision making in implementing security controls and solutions.
- Act as a key liaison representing the Cyber, AppSec and Security Engineering organizations, as well as overall engineering.
- Evangelize the security program.
- Promote the Security service catalog and ensure all teams know when and how to engage with Security.
- Develop metrics measuring program performance and present to key stakeholders.
- Present complex technical concepts to non-technical partners in order to promote value proposition of integrating security into every critical business process.
- Mentor and grow the staff reporting to you
- Coach and mentor engineers and managers to develop their technical and soft skills.
- Manage three or more experienced security leaders and their teams to provide a cohesive technical security voice and ensure all these teams are highly successful in delivering maximum value to the organization.
- Represent Credit Karma in industry events.
What We Expect
- 15+ years experience leading enterprise security architecture in the financial services and technology sectors.
- Proven track record of maturing security programs and initiatives.
- Keen understanding of multiple security concepts spanning Public Cloud, Network, Endpoint, and Application Security stacks.
- Experience successfully building security controls into a DevOps environment.
- Previous experience with public cloud and hybrid environments; Google Cloud preferred.
- Outstanding technical communication skills in multiple media, including technical design documentation, email, instant messaging, and videoconferencing, with all levels of the organization ranging from the board and CEO to individual software developers.
- Hands-on engagement in day-to-day implementation - there are no ivory towers for architects at Credit Karma.


text:
The Link between Red Hair and Skin Cancer
People have different types of hair color ranging from different tints of black, blonde and red hair. Statistically, black is the most common hair color. Natural pure blonde hair is present in about 2% of the world's population while red hair is the least common hair color. In fact, redheads constitute just a little more than 1% of the world's population. However, Britain has a high proportion of redheads compared to other populations around the world. For example, redheads make up 13% of Scotland's population.
Research on redheads and skin cancer
A new study now shows a link between red hair color and skin cancer. Scientists have suspected this connection for many years. However, this new study, published in the Nature Communications journal and supported by the Institute of Well-come Trust Sanger, provides a scientific basis for this suspicion. The lead researcher, David Adams, and his team identified a variant of an MC1R gene that leads to the production of red hair. This gene also causes pale skin, freckles, and susceptibility to sunburns.
The study involved about 400 cancer patients. The research team looked at the DNA sequences of the participants. They found 42% more mutations associated with exposure to the sun in the tumors found in people who had the MC1R variant gene. It is the same variant gene responsible for producing red hair. Further investigations by the researchers determined that this MC1R variant gene increased the number of sun-related mutations while raising the level of mutations associated with other causes of skin cancer.
Explanations for the findings
This study was the first of its kind because it linked a gene to additional mutations in patients that have skin cancer. The researchers postulated that exposing yourself to strong UV radiation from the sun causes damage to your DNA. They further argued that the unique skin pigmentation found in redheads caused more UV light to reach and damage their DNA than is usually the case with people who have other hair colors.
What the study means for redheads
The researchers concluded their study by urging all redheads to take care while they are in the sun. In fact, this study found that the risk of skin cancer in redheads because of exposure to the sun is rather high. The researchers described this increased risk as similar to redheads having 21 extra years of exposure to the sun than people with other hair colors have. This research, co-funded by Cancer Research in the UK, is quite insightful especially for people with red hair. However, people with different hair colors should also take care of their skin. That means wearing protective clothing during summer and using sunscreen when necessary.


text: Research conducted by the BBSRC (Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Researh Council) Centre for Integrated Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition (CISBAN) is being presented at the conference of the British Society for Research on Ageing (BSRA) in Newcastle, U.K. This research sheds new light on why restricted diets extend life span in certain organisms. Mice fed a restricted diet had reduced levels of senescent cells in their livers and intestines, where large numbers of these cells are known to accumulate as animals age. It was found that the cells of mice fed restricted diets better maintained their telomeres, the protective 'ends' of chromosomes that help prevent errors, and aging. Read more at the BBSRC website.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Hierarchical design, as seen in engineering projects, takes foresight. Neo-Darwinism has no foresight, as Marcos Eberlin explains in his book Foresight: How the Chemistry of Life Reveals Planning and Purpose. In Darwin's Dilemma (2009), animation portrayed construction of a computer network from the circuit design up. This illustrated how body plans in Cambrian animals exhibited hierarchical design. Some recent scientific papers have called attention to hierarchies in biological designs. Are they able to Darwinize them?
Water lilies thrive on water because of the hierarchical design in the structure of their floating leaves. In the AAAS Journal Science Advances, Ning Xu et al. at Nanjing University in China1 describe how the leaf is constructed in layers that work together, then tell how the design gave them ideas:
Water lily naturally (Fig. 1A) has an elegant system of transpiration with several features. First, the upper epidermis absorbs sunlight and provides stomata for water vapor escape. Its well-known hydrophobic surface has self-cleaning property. Second, the water lily can float naturally on the surface of water because of the existence of lacunae (air chamber) at the bottom of the leaf. Third, there exists a confined water path provided by vascular bundles to pump up water and then spread it into the large surface of the water lily.
Taking advantage of these features, we propose a water lily–inspired hierarchical structure (WHS), which can realize highly efficient, stable solar evaporation in high-salinity brine/wastewater until complete separation of water and solute is obtained. [Emphasis added.]
Another Chinese team, at Peking University, meanwhile, studied a floating fern named Salvinia, and found that hierarchical structures gave it properties of super-repellency to water by creating a kind of "air mattress" that bobs the leaf to the surface. They also wrote about their findings in PNAS.2
Beyond superhydrophobicity, here we find that the floating fern, Salvinia molesta, has the superrepellent capability to efficiently replace the water in the microstructures with air and robustly recover the continuous air mattress. The hierarchical structures on the leaf surface are demonstrated to be crucial to the recovery.
The Chinese seem to be on a roll looking for hierarchical structures in organisms. At Shanghai Jiao Tong University, another team examined photonic structures that confer a brilliant reflective white sheen in animals as diverse as beetles, butterflies, aquatic organisms, and mammals. This sheen is important for thermal regulation as well as species recognition. Writing in PNAS,3 the team saw that this trait required hierarchical organization at the nanoscopic level.
Very recently, our group reported that the white beetle Goliathus goliatus with an exquisite shell/hollow cylinder structure and the silvery butterfly Curetis acuta with irregular scales exhibit broadband reflectivity and radiative heat dissipation. Many of these biological photonic structures have evolved to be hierarchical ones characterized by distinct sizes and dimensionalities of structural building blocks. The building blocks, including nanoholes, nanorods, and nanobridges, are sequentially or randomly patterned to form integrated systems.
Biological hierarchical structures often go beyond getting the materials and shapes right; they also optimize how they are interconnected. The American Chemical Society took a closer look at nacre, or mother-of-pearl, which consists of layers of mineral and protein. Chemists have tried to imitate its toughness, but so far have failed. One reason is that chemists were simply layering the materials like bricks. In the oyster shell, "the natural material has wavy bricks that interlock in intricate herringbone patterns," they found. When the chemists imitated that, the strength of their mimic was multiplied fourfold. It became "almost" as strong and tough as natural nacre.
Meanwhile, in the Netherlands, scientists investigated hierarchical design in relationships between genes. Writing in Science Advances,4 they noticed that transcription factors for genes are not randomly distributed. The caption for Figure 4 reads:
On the basis of the proven functional interactions shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Notch signaling (indicated by the open arrow symbols) induces Tcf1 expression that subsequently has two target genes: Gata3 and Bcl11b. Gata3 has a minor role in supporting development along the T cell linage but mainly acts to suppress the myeloid and B cell fates. In contrast, Bcl11b induces a T cell–specific program but has minor roles in suppressing alternative lineages with exception of NK cell development that is suppressed by Bcl11b. Collectively, there is a clear functional hierarchy of transcription factors.
A Rube Goldberg device may be irreducibly complex in the sense that removing one part destroys function, but it may not represent the optimum way to get a job done. Should it really take twenty crazy steps to operate an automatic back scratcher? In human engineering, time-motion studies can determine the most efficient way to perform a task, using just-in-time delivery, route optimization, feedback regulation and other methods. Many biological systems have already mastered hierarchical dynamics. A good example is the mammalian nervous system. Teng et al. at the Beijing Academy of Sciences write in PNAS5:
The mammalian nervous system, as the most powerful natural ionic circuitry, demonstrates specific functions, such as multiple responsive abilities and high-throughput ionic information transmission. The natural system employs ions rather than electrons as its carriers, due to the aqueous nature of the organism. Within this aqueous ionic system, billions of stimulus–response combinations help the daily activities of living beings, and specific biological structures guarantee high efficiency.
One often-neglected feature of signal transmission in neurons is the myelin sheath. This team found a reason why the sheath optimizes information transmission: it restricts ionic leakage through the membrane to specific points called Nodes of Ranvier. This gives the axon a "saltatory" conduction mechanism: "a unique action potential propagation pattern, which is limited in myelinated axons and demonstrates an ultrafast signal transmission ability."
By reducing ionic spread in this way, the axon effectively makes the nervous system an AC (alternating current) system instead of DC (direct current) system. DC transmits by sine waves, but the neuron, using myelin sheaths, converts its ion channels into a kind of FM (frequency modulation), granting it much greater information-carrying capacity or bandwidth.
The researchers were inspired to imitate this electronically. Once again, nature had it first. And by using ions instead of electrons, biological signal conduction systems do not short out when the baby turtle dives into the water for the first time after hatching.
Random access through random bits would be a very inefficient way to find something. Imagine if every house had a random number instead of a proper street address; the post office would go crazy. A major reason the postman can find your house is that the address is hierarchically arranged: zip code (itself a five-digit hierarchy), state, city, street, house number, apartment number. Search engines provide rapid answers that way, too, using indexing methods. It turns out that we humans have such a system inside our skulls. The National Research University Higher School of Economics, reporting through Phys.org, finds that "Visual working memory is hierarchically structured," even though the mass of neurons in the brain doesn't outwardly appear that way.
In short-term memory, most people can only recall 3 or 4 objects that they have recently seen. Neurologists have debated whether individual sights are stored independently or in a hierarchical manner, where each object is embedded in an ensemble of objects to be recalled. Tests on participants asked to recall the orientations of triangles demonstrated the latter:
The researchers found out that the precision of an individual orientation report depended on the variability of all orientations. Furthermore, there was a significant resemblance between how accurately participants could remember the orientations of the items in the display and how clustered the orientations to be remembered were.
"This says for a fact that even as we try to memorize items individually, our working memory also stores the summary of the whole group," commented Igor Utochkin, professor at the HSE School of Psychology. If precise information about a specific item isn't in memory, one uses the ensemble statistics to recall the approximate characteristics of the object. The more precise these statistics are, the more precise the response concerning that object is.
The "ensemble statistics" thus provide an indexing algorithm to get to the item in memory more rapidly. The paper on these findings is published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology.6
As neuroscience advances, it will be interesting to see what algorithms are used for long-term memory storage and recall. Potentially everything one sees and experiences over a lifetime is stored in the brain. Much of it can be recalled quickly; some answers take longer. Everyone has had the experience of wondering, "What was the name of that neighbor when we were kids?" and getting the answer moments later, sometimes after turning attention to something else. Some type of search algorithm must be at work in the background that combs through a vast quantity of data that would challenge Google. Is the information stored hierarchically? Does the algorithm use indexing methods? Based on what the above research shows about biological hierarchies, it would not be surprising to learn that optimized algorithms are involved.
In Defiance of Evolution
Hierarchical design is ubiquitous in biological systems. These are merely a few recent examples noted by researchers. By its very nature, hierarchical design defies the stepwise progress assumed to work by natural selection. It requires foresight: the


text:
Transcranial color coded duplex ultrasonography tccs enables the visualization of basal cerebral arteries through the intact skull by color coding of blood flow velocity the arteries of the circle of willis can be identified by their anatomic location with respect to the brain stem structures and by the determination of the flow direction. Transcranial color coded duplex sonography tccs criteria providing an accurate detection of 50 and 50 stenoses of the anterior middle and posterior cerebral arteries and basilar and . Vertebral artery occlusion in duplex color coded ultrasonography saito et al examined 128 patients with stroke or atherosclerotic cerebral vessels of which duplex color flow imaging was . Color duplex ultrasonography findings of temporal arteries in a case of giant cell arteritis role in diagnosis and follow up antonella laria alfredo lurati magda scarpellini fornaroli hospital rheumatology unit magenta italy abstract giant cell arteritis gca is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects medium and large sized arteries
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Translate segment | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish
Definition of segment
1each of the parts into which something is or may be divided. a portion of time allocated to a particular broadcast item on radio or television. a separate broadcast item, typically one of a number that make up a particular program. Phonetics the smallest distinct part of a spoken utterance, in particular the vowels and consonants as opposed to stress and intonation. Zoology each of the series of similar anatomical units of which the body and appendages of some animals are composed, such as the visible rings of an earthworm's body. 2 Geometry a part of a figure cut off by a line or plane intersecting it, in particular. the part of a circle enclosed between an arc and a chord. the part of a line included between two points. the part of a sphere cut off by any plane not passing through the center.
verb [with object]
divide (something) into separate parts or sections:the unemployed are segmented into two groups [no object] divide into separate parts or sections:the market is beginning to segment into a number of well-defined categories [no object] Embryology (of a cell) undergo cleavage; divide into many cells.


text:
Cuticular Meaning and Definition in Dictionary
Definitions from Wordnet 2.0
- of or relating to a cuticle or cuticula
Would you like to add your own explaination to this word 'Cuticular'?
Wikipedia Meaning and Definition on 'Cuticular'
- Epicuticular wax: compounds. Solvent extracts of cuticle waxes contain both epicuticular and cuticular waxes, often contaminated with cell membrane lipids of underlying cells


Texture aliasing
Aliasing can occur any time you resample a texture, for instance to scale it, rotate it, or map it onto a 3D model. Thanks to our friend the Nyquist threshold, the resulting problems get worse the lower a frequency you sample at, ie. the smaller you shrink it.
Check out this awesome 32×32 test image:
Untitled
Zoomed 4x so you can see in detail:
image
This test code draws six copies, first with no transform, then rotated, followed by straight and rotated versions at half and quarter size:
 spriteBatch.Begin(0, null, SamplerState.PointClamp, null, null);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(20, 24), null, Color.White, 0, new Vector2(16, 16), 1, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(60, 24), null, Color.White, 1, new Vector2(16, 16), 1, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(95, 24), null, Color.White, 0, new Vector2(16, 16), 0.5f, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(120, 24), null, Color.White, 1, new Vector2(16, 16), 0.5f, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(140, 24), null, Color.White, 0, new Vector2(16, 16), 0.25f, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(155, 24), null, Color.White, 1, new Vector2(16, 16), 0.25f, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.End();
Note the use of SamplerState.PointClamp, which turns off the antialiasing SpriteBatch would normally apply by default.
Resulting image:
image
Zoomed 4x:
image
This has almost too many aliasing problems to mention! Some that I find particularly bothersome are:
 - The black diagonal lines have pieces missing in the full size rotated image
 - The half size non rotated image has lots of problems:
 - The green vertical line, and also the red and blue horizontal lines, are entirely missing
 - It ended up with just two rather than three sets of black diagonal lines
 - The black border remains on the bottom and right, but is missing on the top and left
 - The two quarter size images are entirely different:
 - Non rotated version has only a blue line, no red or green at all
 - Rotated version has scattered red and green pixels, but no blue
 - Imagine how horrible it would look if we animated this sprite spinning, as it would flicker back and forth between different colors!
Remember how multisampling smooths triangle edges but does not affect their interior? We can confirm this by turning on 4x multisampling, and noting how the only difference is smoother borders on the rotated images:
image
With 4x supersampling, on the other hand, texture aliasing is indeed reduced:
image
But this is still far from perfect. The full size rotated and half size non rotated images look pretty nice, but the half size rotated and both quarter size versions have flaws. We'd still get nasty color pulsation if we animated a rotation of that quarter size version. This is because 4x supersampling only gives a 2x improvement in sampling frequency along each of the horizontal and vertical axes. That can reduce aliasing, but is not enough to keep us above the Nyquist threshold if we transform the texture by a factor of more than 2x.
Whatever is a poor graphics programmer to do?
To start with, we shouldn't have made life difficult for ourselves by specifying point sampling! If we turn off supersampling and multisampling, then change our SpriteBatch.Begin call to use the default SamplerState.LinearClamp, bilinear filtering produces a much nicer image than the point sampled version we started out with:
image
Unlike multisampling and supersampling, texture filtering does not smooth the border of the rotated images, but it does a nice job to reduce aliasing inside our full size rotated and half size non rotated images. Bilinear filtering lets us down in the same places as supersampling. Because the GPU only takes four filter taps per texture fetch (two horizontal and two vertical), we get 2x more headroom before we will run into aliasing problems, but a 2x improvement cannot entirely eliminate the Nyquist threshold, so our quarter size images remain nasty.
The solution is to combine bilinear filtering with precalculated mipmaps (plus anisotropic filtering if you can afford it). No matter how small the texture is scaled, the GPU can now simply select the appropriate mip level to sample from, always remaining just below the Nyquist threshold regardless of what transforms are applied.
With mipmaps enabled, even our smallest images now keep the same color intensity and hue, with no stray pixels or random changes of shape, so we can animate our sprite rotating or scaling with no aliasing problems at all:
image
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Chegg Textbook Solutions for Pathways to Astronomy 3rd Edition: Chapter 64
Chapter: Problem:
An interferometer measured the change in radius of one Cepheid as about 10% during its 10-day period. The star was measured to have an average radius of 40 million km. How fast was the surface of the star moving outward, on average, if it took 5 days to expand by 10%?
 - Step 1 of 1
 (About 9.3 km/s). A 10 percent increase in a 40 million kilometer radius is 4 million kilometers. So the surface of the star moved outward 4 million km in 5 days. There are 432000 seconds in 5 days, so the speed was 4 × 106 km/432000s = 9.3 km/sec.
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text: Daniel L. Schacter Daniel Schacter is William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. Dan received his B.A. degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He subsequently developed a keen interest in amnesic disorders associated with various kinds of brain damage. He continued his research and education at the University of Toronto, where he received his Ph.D. in 1981. He taught on the faculty at Toronto for the next six years before joining the psychology department at the University of Arizona in 1987. In 1991, he joined the faculty at Harvard University. His research explores the relation between conscious and unconscious forms of memory, the nature of distortions and errors in remembering, and how we use memory to imagine future events. Many of Schacter's studies are summarized in his 1996 book, Searching for Memory: The Brain, The Mind, and The Past, and his 2001 book, The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers, both winners of the APA's William James Book Award. Schacter has also received a number of awards for teaching and research, including the Harvard-Radcliffe Phi Beta Kappa Teaching Prize, the Warren Medal from the Society of Experimental Psychologists, and the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions from the American Psychological Association. In 2013, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.


Efficient Mixed-Type Wafer Defect Pattern Recognition Using Compact Deformable Convolutional Transformers
03/24/2023
by Nitish Shukla, et al.
0
Manufacturing wafers is an intricate task involving thousands of steps. Defect Pattern Recognition (DPR) of wafer maps is crucial to find the root cause of the issue and further improving the yield in the wafer foundry. Mixed-type DPR is much more complicated compared to single-type DPR due to varied spatial features, the uncertainty of defects, and the number of defects present. To accurately predict the number of defects as well as the types of defects, we propose a novel compact deformable convolutional transformer (DC Transformer). Specifically, DC Transformer focuses on the global features present in the wafer map by virtue of learnable deformable kernels and multi-head attention to the global features. The proposed method succinctly models the internal relationship between the wafer maps and the defects. DC Transformer is evaluated on a real dataset containing 38 defect patterns. Experimental results show that DC Transformer performs exceptionally well in recognizing both single and mixed-type defects. The proposed method outperforms the current state of the models by a considerable margin
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text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- adj. Involving or representing two or more agencies, especially government agencies.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The act or acts of one acting as an interagent; intermediate agency.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. Intermediate agency.
- From inter- + agency. (Wiktionary)
"(d) Developing a memorandum of understanding among the agencies to encourage long-term interagency coordination and cooperation to further the spirit and intent of the National Trails System Act and related programs."
""I would hardly call interagency cooperation a matter of playing nice.""
"So-called interagency agreements reduced the governor's office budget by more than $700,000 last year, about 19 percent."
"For a daily updated recording about the spring burning program, call the interagency prescribed fire information number at _PHONE_ or _PHONE_."
"This kind of interagency fighting seems to outsiders like me to be frustratingly parochial — a mere battle among agency players for power, turf, jurisdiction, etc."
"Africom's "interagency" makeup was trumpeted as a better way to meet the continent's development needs."
"This means a small military footprint and fewer bases and a fully coordinated "interagency" and international effort."
"Instead, it reorganized all federal government climate research efforts in 2002 into an "interagency" creature known as the "Climate Change Science Program CCSP."
"Gregory filled him in on what little was known, and explained that part of NASA's contingency plan, instituted after the Challenger disaster of 1986, was the activation of a standing "interagency" investigation board."
"Partnerships provide some of the most effective examples of public information, such as interagency programs, external advisory boards, public-private consortiums, and joint funding."
Looking for tweets for interagency.


What is "then" here?
I can hardly understand the "then" here.
"Then" means at a particular time in the past or in the future.
I wasn't treated fairly, but then (again) it's life.
If you think about it more or from a different perspective, it will make more sense. If you believe that the world we live in doesn't always seem to be fair, then you, who were treated badly, is a just another example of this belief.
Your Answer


text:
Navigating the complex landscape of payroll in China can be a daunting task for foreign companies. Local payroll, split payroll, and PEO are three effective methods that foreign businesses can use to pay their employees in China. Each has its advantages and complexities, and the choice between them depends largely on the size of the business, its level of commitment to the Chinese market, and its risk tolerance. As China's regulatory landscape continues to evolve, foreign companies must stay updated and be prepared to adapt their payroll strategies accordingly.
Local Payroll in China
Implementing a local payroll system is a common approach for foreign businesses with a fully registered entity in China. It allows companies to manage their payroll locally, ensuring compliance with local employment laws and regulations. However, it is important to note that this method requires a deep understanding of China's complex and constantly changing payroll legislation.
When using the local payroll method, companies need to consider several elements. First, they need to comply with China's income tax laws. China utilizes a progressive tax system, where the rate of tax increases as the amount subject to tax rises. As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, individual income tax (IIT) rates ranged from 3% to 45%.
Secondly, companies must adhere to the Social Insurance Law, which stipulates that both employers and employees must contribute to five types of social insurances: pension, medical, unemployment, maternity, and workplace injury. Employers also need to contribute to a housing fund. The percentages and bases of these contributions vary from city to city.
Lastly, setting up a local payroll involves dealing with China's foreign exchange control regulations. Remitting money out of China requires approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE). Companies need to report any wage payments to SAFE, and any failure to do so can result in fines and penalties.
Split Payroll for Foreign Employees
For companies that are not entirely localized in China, split payroll provides a viable option. This method involves splitting an employee's salary into two parts: one part is paid in the home country, and the other part is paid in China.
This system can offer advantages in terms of tax planning and management of foreign exchange risk. The part of the salary paid in China will be subject to Chinese income tax and social insurance contributions, while the part paid in the home country will be subject to home country taxes.
However, this method is not without its complexities. The implementation of a split payroll needs to comply with the tax laws and social security regulations of both countries. It is also important to note that the split payroll structure can lead to higher personal tax obligations for employees due to the potential of double taxation. However, tax treaties between China and certain countries can mitigate this issue.
Professional Employer Organization (PEO) or Employer of Record (EOR)
Utilizing a Professional Employer Organization (PEO) or Employer of Record (EOR) is an increasingly popular method for foreign businesses seeking to establish a workforce in China without the complexity and commitment of setting up a local entity. This approach is particularly effective for companies operating remote teams or businesses in the process of testing the waters before full-scale expansion.
Overview of PEO/EOR Structure
A PEO/EOR is an organization that provides comprehensive HR, payroll, and employment compliance services in the country where your employees are located. It is essentially an outsourced solution for various employee management tasks.
The concept of a PEO/EOR is based on a co-employment model. The PEO/EOR acts as the official employer for your workers in China, while the foreign company continues to direct the employees' day-to-day tasks and overall business operations. This relationship provides the best of both worlds: businesses can focus on their core operations while leaving the administrative, legal, and HR issues to the PEO/EOR.
Benefits of Using a PEO/EOR
Simplified Employee Onboarding and Payroll Processing: PEOs/EORs have an established system for hiring, paying salaries, withholding taxes, and providing benefits in compliance with local laws and regulations. This makes it faster and more efficient to onboard new employees and manage payroll.
Compliance with Local Labor Laws: Chinese labor laws can be complex and vary across different regions. PEOs/EORs are well-versed in these laws and have systems in place to ensure compliance, thereby reducing the risk of penalties for non-compliance.
Reduced Operational Costs: By leveraging a PEO/EOR, companies can avoid the costs associated with establishing and maintaining a local entity, such as registration fees, ongoing administrative costs, and legal fees.
Employee Benefits Management: PEOs/EORs can manage the provision of employee benefits, including social insurance contributions and housing fund payments, which are mandated by Chinese law.
How to Choose a PEO/EOR
Despite the many benefits, choosing a PEO/EOR requires careful consideration. Here are a few factors to consider:
Compliance: Ensure the PEO/EOR is compliant with local labor laws and tax regulations, and has a proven track record of successfully serving foreign businesses.
Industry Experience: PEOs/EORs with experience in your industry are more likely to understand your business needs and challenges, and can provide tailored solutions.
Scalability: If you plan to grow your team in China, make sure your PEO/EOR can accommodate this growth and provide the necessary support.
Support Services: Besides payroll and compliance, consider the range of support services the PEO/EOR offers, such as HR support, visa processing, and legal assistance.
In conclusion, employing a PEO/EOR is an effective way for foreign companies to legally pay employees in China. It provides a flexible, compliant, and cost-efficient solution that allows businesses to focus on their core operations while entrusting the complex tasks of payroll and compliance to a dedicated partner. However, as with any significant business decision, due diligence is essential to choose the right PEO/EOR partner.


text:
Volunteers, community groups, and local school children have joined forces to plant nearly 5,000 trees in Wakefield.
These new pockets of woodland, made up of 4.499 trees, have filled vacant and neglected areas in housing estates in central Wakefield, Kettlethorpe, Pontefract, Havercroft and Ackworth. Many of the trees have been planted on walking routes to local schools, helping to purify the air for children on their daily walk.
It is hoped that the trees, planted by environmental charity Trees for Cities, with the help of energy company npower, will improve the lives of local residents by reducing noise and air pollution caused by the busy roads, including the nearby A61, A638 and A642.
David Elliott, chief executive of Trees for Cities, said: "Access to high quality green space has so many proven benefits and we are proud to work with npower to play a role in creating these important pockets of woodland. These new spaces are set to make a big difference in improving mental wellbeing and physical health of communities in Wakefield, providing space for reflection and encouraging people to get their recommended daily exercise. I look forward to seeing these woodlands establish and thrive in the years to come."
Amongst the 16 leafy species finding a new home in the woodlands are field maple, alder and silver birch. The trees planted will provide environmental and social benefits to local communities, and create vibrant pockets of woodland for generations to come.
So far, npower and Trees for Cities have worked together to plant over 100,000 trees in urban areas across the country.


Layered rendering part 2, it helps solve many problems… :-)
As part of Qt 4.5, we added QGraphicsItem::opacity. Which is great! But it doesn't work as well as it could. We're receiving a few comments about how this implementation could work better. Trouble is, in Qt 4.5 we only have two ways of rendering: direct, and indirect ("cached", e.g., ItemCoordinateCache). And in order to apply opacity, you really need full composition support... :-/
Here's a rundown of the trouble with today's opacity support:
 - The current behavior modifies the input opacity of the painter
 - you can override this opacity on a per-item basis (intentionally or not!)
 -...and each primitive (line, rect, pixmap) you draw with QPainter will be composed one at a time inside the item (which is bad!)
 - The behavior is slightly different depending on whether you cache an item or not.
 -...if you use caching, the offscreen pixmap is rendered with an opacity, whereas the item itself doesn't have any opacity set on its painter.
 - Each item applies opacity locally, and even though opacity propagates to children, each item is still rendered by itself, cause each item to be transparent (as opposed to rendering one subtree as a whole with an opacity)
All these problems could have been solved if we treated opacity as an effect that you can apply to one layer as a whole, instead of on each item. I think this is how opacity should work in the first place... but that's how it goes sometimes. But fear not, we can fix this in a later release! :-)
To illustrate the current behavior, here's what you get if you construct a scene with four items, each a child of the previous item, in colors red, then green, then blue, then yellow. Logical structure in hypothetical markup:
Rect {
 color: red;
 rect: QRectF(0, 0, 100, 100);
 child : Rect {
 color : green;
 pos: QPointF(25, 25);
 opacity: 0.5;
 child : Rect {
 color : blue;
 pos: QPointF(25, 25);
 rotation: 45;
 child : Rect {
 color : yellow;
 pos: QPointF(25, 25);
 scale: 2x2;
This will in Qt 4.5 render the following output:
Opacity, in Qt 4.5
What's important to notice here is how all elements are transparent; so you can see the blue through the yellow item, the green through the blue item, and the red item through the green item. But the yellow item doesn't actually have any opacity assigned. It inherits opacity from the green item (opacity: 0.5).
By rendering the "green sub-tree" into a separate layer, we can combine all items and apply one uniform opacity as part of composing these items together. In my last blog I wrote about off-screen rendering. This work has progressed and is in quite a usable state (although the code is really ugly). It works! The rendering output for the same application as the above looks like this:
Opacity, in Qt 4.6
The essential difference is how the "green sub-tree" is treated as if it had one _combined_ opacity. The yellow item, for example, isn't transparent by itself at all. You can't see the blue through the yellow. By "collapsing" the subtree into a single layer we can both avoid unnecessary rerendering of items (i.e., if you move the green item around, the children are not repainted, not even from cache). Which is pretty cool!
(We get this at the cost of allocating and spending an extra pixmap, and the first time we render there's an extra level of indirection.)
But there's even more applications to this technique... :-) With code for handling explicit composition of layers, we can now use pixmap filters and shaders to compose one layer onto another. And this is very useful for any future effects API we might add to Qt in general. Imagine applying a gaussian blur effect to the layer represented by the green item. The result is below:
Opacity w/blur, in Qt 4.6
The result is very neat; the whole layer is blurred before it's rendered. You don't get funny artifacts that might have occurred in overlapping regions if each of the items was blurred individually.
Now none of this gives any mind-blowing screenshots (at least not yet), but it's an important step that provides faster rendering of subtrees (as sliding and transforming a complex graph of items ends up just being matrix operations on a single pixmap/texture, and in software this prevents overdrawing), a more accurate processing of the opacity property of QGraphicsItem, and it makes it very easy to apply fancy composition effects to groups of items.
Questions: Should layers be explicitly defined, or implicitly handled by logics inside Graphics View? In the example above, I've used the opacity property to detect whether an item's subtree should be rendered into a separate layer or not. This is easy to do and very clear/unsurprising. But what if you want to collapse a subtree for performance reasons? An alternative, or possibly an additional approach would be to add an explicit setting: QGraphicsItem::setLayer(true) or setCacheMode(QGraphicsItem::DeepItemCoordinateCache). I'm torn. Experimentation and feedback will show (yes I know I need to push this code out, once our SCM goes public this will be much easier!).
There's also the problem with these darn flags QGraphicsItem::ItemIgnoresParentOpacity and QGraphicsItem::ItemDoesntPropagateOpacityToChildren. There's no way to make these flags work with a layered rendering approach. But are these flags very important, or could we just (*cough* *cough*) disable/deprecate them? ;-)
Finally I still haven't found out how to handle ItemIgnoresTransformations. The most probable solution is that these items are automatically rendered into a separate layer.
Happy hacking! :-)
Blog Topics:


text:
What superstition about the Christmas season does Marcellus relate?
This excerpt can be found in Act I, Scene 1 of Hamlet. Marcellus says that when Christmastime nears, cocks crow all night long, and during that time, evil spirits do not haunt the earth, because it is such a sacred time:
And then, they say, no spirit dare stir abroad,
The nights are wholesome, then no planets strike,
No fairy takes, nor witch hath power to charm,
So hallow'd and so gracious is the time.
This statement comes in the context of the sentries' encounter with the ghost of King Hamlet. The ghost vanished with the crowing of the rooster, and the coming of the dawn, and Horatio says that he has heard this is a frequent characteristic of ghosts. Marcellus agrees, and tells the story about Christmas to support Horatio's theory.


text:
7Sense Irrigation sensor
A robust revolution for Norwegian farmers
Industrial design for irrigation sensor
Sustainable Development Goals
K8 has worked together with 7Sense to develop a new irrigation sensor which can be fitted onto existing irrigation systems. The sensor gives feedback to the farmer on the position of their irrigation system, and warns of any potential leaks by monitoring water pressure.
Whilst 7Sense developed the electrical components of the sensor unit, K8 was responsible for the design of the water-tight casing. The design process has focused around creating a robust easy to use, and iconic design with feedback from farmers and technical specialists. K8 has worked on the design process from initial sketch to final production.


text:
| < November >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Matad in November is cold at -9.6 °C (14.72 °F).
- Afternoons can be slightly cold with average high temperatures reaching -3.1 °C (26.4 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally very cold with an average low of -13.9 °C (7 °F).
- The average daily temperature range/ variation in November is 10.8 °C (19.4 °F).
- The weather in November is arid. An airy 3.9mm (0.2in) of H2O is deposited.
- The shortest day is 8:46 long and the longest day is 9:55 long with an average length of 9:17.
Check the distance to and compare the Matad November averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for November in Matad, Mongolia
Navigate to November Weather in Locations Surrounding Matad:
- Cita/ Kadala, Russia - 568.2 kms (353.1 miles) NNW
- Chita, Russia - 564.1 kms (350.6 miles) NNW
- Kyra, Russia - 380.2 kms (236.2 miles) NW
- Dashbalbar, Mongolia - 280.2 kms (174.1 miles) NNW
- Choibalsan, Mongolia - 130.3 kms (81 miles) NW
- Ulan-Bator/ Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia - 662.9 kms (412 miles) W
- Bayan-Ovoo, Mongolia - 273 kms (169.7 miles) WNW
- Underkhaan, Mongolia - 377.8 kms (234.7 miles) W
- Maanty, Mongolia - 615.2 kms (382.3 miles) W
- Baruun-Urt, Mongolia - 186.4 kms (115.8 miles) WSW
- Choir, Mongolia - 569.8 kms (354.1 miles) W
- Bayandelger, Mongolia - 296.7 kms (184.4 miles) WSW
- Sainshand, Mongolia - 494.7 kms (307.4 miles) WSW
- Zamiin-Uud, Mongolia - 480 kms (298.3 miles) SW
- Erlian, China - 482.9 kms (300.1 miles) SW


text:
Originally Published: 2005/2/16
I've mentioned this before, but I'd like to repeat myself here to hopefully help the debunking of the age-old Japanese sentence order myth.
Many of you have probably heard this before but to review, here's how the myth goes.
An English sentence must consist of at least a subject, verb, and object in that order. However, in Japanese, the order must be subject, object, then verb.
English sentence order = [Subject] [Verb] [Object]
Japanese sentence order = [Subject] [Object] [Verb]
I can debunk this myth is 2 seconds. Let's see, is this sentence correct?
-Apple I ate.
Why, yes it is. And look, the object appears to come before the subject. Boy, that was easy.
There are several misleading things about this myth besides the fact that it's just plain incorrect. First of all, as I've partially explained in a previous post, Japanese doesn't require or even have anything equivalent to the English subject. In addition, you only need a verb to make a complete thought in Japanese.
What gets tricky is that the state-of-being verb (the English verb "to be") can be implicitly implied by a noun or adjective. That's because Japanese doesn't have an actual verb for the state-of-being.
-That [is] unfortunate.
Why Japanese doesn't have strict sentence order
In Japanese, we have things called particles that come after almost every word in the sentence to identify exactly what role that word is playing. That means that no matter where the word is in the sentence, we'll know whether it's an object, topic, identifier, target, context, etc.. The only reason sentence order is so strict in English is because without clear rules of ordering, we won't have any idea which word is supposed to play which role.
In English, sentence order changes the meaning of the sentence.
１） Dog saw Tree.
２）Tree saw Dog.
In Japanese, because of particles, no matter how you move things around, the dog is still the topic and the tree is still the object.
１） Dog[topic particle] tree[object particle] saw. = Dog saw tree.
２） Tree[object particle] dog[topic particle] saw. = Dog saw tree.
In order to really understand Japanese sentence structure, you need to break things down into clauses. A clause is the smallest part of a sentence that expresses a complete thought. As mentioned previously, in order to express a complete thought, you must have a verb or a noun/adjective that is a state-of-being. Now, the only thing you have to remember is that everything that applies to that verb must come before it. And that each clause can have only one such verb.
The verb (or state-of-being) must come at the very end of the clause
１）犬が木を見た。 – The dog saw tree.
２）木を犬が見た。 – The dog saw tree.
１）私は学生です。 – I am student.
２）学生は私です。 – The student is me.
Surprisingly, that's really the only thing you have to worry about in terms of Japanese sentence ordering. It's one of the great benefits of particles actually because sentence order no longer defines a word's function.
All of the following sentences are correct.
It is also important to realize that the farther away you get from the main verb, the more extraneous the information becomes. In sentence １, the sentence is mostly centered on the fact that the studying is done at the library while in sentence ３, the focus is on the fact that he always studies.
In order to make more complicated sentences, you can take separate clauses and combine them with either with conjunctions or by direct noun modifications. But as long as the sentence structure in each separate clause is correct, there should be no problems with sentence ordering no matter how complicated and long the sentence is.
I'm sure linguistic experts will claim I'm totally wrong and SOV is a classification, word order preference, or whatever you want to call it and doesn't technically require an "S" or "O". My original point in the article (though admittedly I was younger and more dramatic) is that this classification doesn't help SLA and in fact creates a lot of confusion and common mistakes for beginners learning Japanese as a second language.
It's a BIG stretch to say there's some equivalence to English as an SVO language. In English, saying "Ball boy hits" is grammatically incorrect. On the other hand, in Japanese, not only are both "Ball boy hits" and "Boy ball hits" grammatically correct, they have the same meaning if the particles remain unchanged regardless of order. There's a fundamental difference in the two languages that is not accurately portrayed by this misleading classification.
Furthermore, I believe the whole viewpoint of SOV vs SVO linguistically is very western-centric and not a good way to describe Japanese. If you want to prove me wrong with a mathematical proof in the style of formal language theory, that's one thing but this is far more subjective and to say one is "wrong" because it doesn't adhere to an established curriculum is short-sighted. I highly doubt linguistics created in a vacuum purely for Japanese would have taken the same approach here.


text:
Launching Your Career with Geography at Central Washington University
The Geography Department at CWU provides our majors with the knowledge and requisite skills to succeed after graduation. This diverse preparation includes:
A Toolkit of Concepts and Theories:Students will be thoroughly familiar with the discipline's vocabulary, concepts and themes, and the complexity of physical, human, and cultural systems and issues.
Knowledge of Patterns and Processes:Students will be able to identify the patterns created through the interactions of human systems and physical systems, the networks of intra-and inter-national interdependence, and the manner in which human and physical systems modify each other and control the Earth's surface and resources.
Communication Skills: Students will be able to communicate effectively in oral, written, and a variety of graphical forms.
Spatial Analysis and Critical Thinking Skills: Students will learn a set of skills useful in spatial analysis. Depending on the courses taken, these skill may include mapping, the use of remote sensing and geographic information systems, quantitative methods, and a wide variety of field methods. All students will sharpen their critical thinking skills.


How a sensory garden can improve your wellbeing
Thursday, 18th June 2020, 9:00 am
Updated Thursday, 18th June 2020, 9:01 am
Sensory gardens are great for helping to reduce anxiety and stress, providing a natural retreat to relax in and offering us a place that encourages wellbeing and mindfulness, writes Sara Milne.
A sensory garden is really just a collection of plants and materials with different textures, shapes, colours, scents and heights that are laid out in such a way to stimulate our senses through smell, sound, touch, taste and sight.
Adding visual interest to a garden can be easily achieved by being clever and selective with your planting.
Use flowering perennials, layer plants at different heights, use screens or hedges to form backdrops and plant rows of the same species to elongate areas.
You can also make sure your planting has the desired effect by using colour to provide focal points and ambience.
For stimulating, invigorating areas use hot, vibrant colours - reds, pinks and yellows.
Think sunflower, echinacea, marigold, salvia, dahlia even ornamental vegetables such as swiss chard with its multi-coloured stems and leaves.
For a more gentle, calm effect use cool, relaxing colours such as whites, blues and greens.
Lavender, foxglove, hydrangea, delphinium and climbers that also provide height such as jasmine and honeysuckle.
Plants and trees that change colour through the seasons also provide interest with blossoms and berries and leaves that turn to shades of gold, red and brown in the autumn.
Changes in colour and appearance of materials like paved and pebble pathways when they get wet also add colour and visual appeal.
Shapes are also important in a sensory garden, so try using materials like crazy paving and rough-cut flagstones.
You can also create interesting routes and pathways through the garden to promote a sense of discovery and orientation.
Movement catches the eye, so think about trees that wave in the wind such as willow or grasses that sway in the breeze.
Water features provide wonderful focal points and also attract wildlife.
Make sure you have a variety of plants that attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies as well, lovely to watch of a summer's afternoon.
Our general wellbeing is intrinsically linked to the natural world which is why Thrive - the gardening for health charity - has developed the Thrive Gardening Club.
Fortnightly tips on getting the most out of your garden, whatever you age or ability, and information on how gardening can keep you healthy and feeling good.
For more details, click here.


text:
One page of either html + scss or [login to view URL] + scss
A Design guide page, which shows the usual things: typography, colour palette, a UI component library for building forms, pages, etc. The design guide does Not need not be original at all. Something based on a freely available react component library is good.
1. Your design guide will be used as the basis of a simple job tracking application. It must be very simple, clear and clean. UI elements must be **quite large, not small** — for instance 50% taller and wider than components in the freelancer.com web interface – so that they can be seen by someone with poor vision and clicked on by someone who has difficulty with a computer mouse.
2. It will be hosted in the browser and is for desktops and laptops with 1920x1080 screens. It should be responsive so that it still works well if the window is reduced to 768px wide.
3. The design guide must specify the usual things such as what font face and what font size to use for elements; a colour palette including primary and alternate colours and colours for errors, warning and information; form controls for text entry, number entry, dropdown choices, radio button choices, buttons, etc etc. The design guide does Not have to be original at all. You should use a freely available react component library that is well supported.
4. The colour palette must use the dark blue, orange, grey, black and white colours in the attached file, AscotWebsiteHeader.png.
5. The guide should use the Roboto Slab 700 _URL_ for H1, H2 tags and other display headings.
6. It must be possible to change simple design choices such as typography and colour palette by editing one style variables file.
7. It should be possible to change design choices such as font size and form control size by editing as few style variables as possible.
### Optional Alternatives.
It is acceptable for you to provide the design guide in figma.com.
- Milestone 1. A Finished design guide page in either [login to view URL] or in a React web app