text:
Pindus reveals its prehistoric past
Team of archaeologists discovers Paleolithic remnants in several areas of central Greek range
The Greek-Italian team has found 25 Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic sites on the peaks of Mt Smolikas.
By Iota Myrtsioti - Kathimerini
The Pindus mountain range that runs down the middle of mainland Greece has revealed further interesting archaeological finds. In total, excavations taking place over the past three years have unearthed 25 Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic locations nestled in the high peaks of Mt Smolikas, the lakes of Valia Calda and along small paths.
Farming tools found at the sites confirmed that the mountains of central Greece, which have not been extensively examined from an archaeological perspective, have many interesting things to yield, while also contributing to a shift in views about the role mountainous communities had in the overall history of the country.
The excavations that brought these finds to light were the first to be held at such a high altitude — 1,800 meters — in Greece. Conducted by a team of Greek and Italian archaeologists — Prehistoric Archaeology Professor Paolo Biagi from the University of Venice, specialist Dr Vassiliki Elefandi and Associate Professor Nikos Efstratiou from the University of Thessaloniki — they have opened a new chapter in history.
"The overriding opinion in [Greek] archaeology up to now was that groups of Paleolithic hunter/gatherers, as well as the first Neolithic farmers and livestock farmers were restricted to the plains and low altitudes," explained Efstratiou.
"Furthermore, taking into account the fact that even the most well-known mountainous Paleolithic locations — such as at the Vikos Gorge in Epirus — are no higher than 600 meters, the results of these excavations have been very surprising indeed," he added.
The team's efforts began somewhat tentatively some three years ago. Examining the areas in and around the villages of Samarina, Smixi, Philippi, Polynerio, Panorama and Lavda, around small lakes and passes on foot, the team found numerous open prehistoric sites that contained signs of their very ancient past, such as shards of stone tools. Around the area of Samarina, they found evidence suggesting the resting places of nomadic groups from the mid-Paleolithic period, while it is even possible that these groups were Neanderthals.
"We found what little there was left of camps and places where hunters stopped to rest or spend the night near springs, or constructing tools near sources of flint.
"The chronological order of these sites reveals that these few and constantly moving Paleolithic and Mesolithic groups roved the Pindus range until 8000 BC following prey such as deer, boar and hares. There is also evidence of Neolithic hunters who, as early as 7000 BC, began leaving their permanent villages, their livestock and fields on the plains and headed into the mountains occasionally to hunt."
What is interesting is that many of these locations were found at passes still used by herders and livestock farmers today.
"One of the most attractive things about these excavations in the Pindus is the fact that we can see that the practices of the people who live here go back thousands of years," says Efstratiou. "The Paleolithic and Neolithic gatherers that moved around in search of materials to produce tools gave way to occasional farmers from nearby settlements on the plains who went into the mountains to hunt and gather berries and seeds. Today, we have the nomadic livestock farmers who continue to give life to the mountains of Western Macedonia."
Posted on Sat, Aug. 06, 2005
Unearthing the past, looking to the future
Pieces of history
By CAROLINE SMITH
When Croatan Chief Ricky Bruner had timber cleared for his property this year, arrowheads fell from the roots.
That's when he knew he had discovered a piece of history.
Bruner discovered artifacts that belonged to a different tribe that lived on the property as many as 10,000 years ago.
Bruner, also known to many as Chief Running Wolf, had been clearing the land for construction of an outdoor American Indian museum.
Now, he plans to house the artifacts being found on the property in the museum.
This week, a team of archaeologists from North Carolina were excavating the 10-acre tract in Orangeburg.
"The oldest stuff is around 8,000 to 10,000 years old," said Bobby Southerlin, president and archaeologist at Archaeological Consultants of the Carolinas Inc.
Among the artifacts found were several generations of arrowheads, bits of pottery and part of a knife.
"What we really hope to find is a fire pit or the groundwork of a house," he said.
Southerlin didn't know which American Indian tribe had left the artifacts.
There were also European artifacts, such as pipe fragments and fired musket balls from more recent history.
The musket balls "were shot in a cluster," Southerlin said. "You wouldn't normally expect that. I'm wondering if there could have been fighting here, like the Revolution."
Southerlin and his team returned Friday to North Carolina. Once they finish examining the pieces in the lab, they may return to excavate more of the site.
Wilbur Cutter, 10, a member of the Croatan tribe, was helping.
"This is basically the first archaeological dig I've been to," he said.
The dig is "very interesting. I get to find a lot of artifacts dealing with our culture."
The outdoor museum is expected to be completed in two to three years. It will include a cultural center, a powwow arena and a living village.
"This way, we are preserving and protecting" the site, he said. "It also brings in tourism."
Reach Smith at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
Italian lake yields Stone Age canoe
(ANSA) - Rome, August 7
Italian archaeologists have uncovered a Stone Age canoe like those probably used by Europe's first farmers at a lake near Rome .
The 8,000-year-old pirogue - a canoe made from a hollowed tree trunk - was discovered on the bed of Lake Bracciano at a depth of just 12 metres .
The lake is a popular destination for modern-day Romans who go there during summer weekends to swim, sunbathe or hire a pedal boat when they want to avoid the crowded beaches on the coast .
The experts who carried out the excavation, led by local Prehistory Superintendent Antonietta Fugazzola Delpino, said the find will reveal a great deal about Neolithic sailing and boat-building .
Archaeologists think the Stone Age inhabitants of the area did not use pirogues just to move around Lake Bracciano - a large expanse of water filling an enormous volcanic crater. They say they were also used to take to the high seas .
Indeed, some argue Europe's first farmers arrived from the more advanced Near East by sea in these canoes. Their arrival ushered in the Neolithic Age as it changed the hunting and fishing societies bordering on the Mediterranean into agricultural ones. The founders of the Neolithic village of Marmotta, the site the pirogue was found at, are thought to have been among the first to make this trip .
The settlers probably chose this area because, with the lake and surrounding forest, there was plenty of food and wood for boats and houses .
Marmotta was a huge village-on-stilts at the time - a sort of Neolithic Venice. Archaeologist say something mysterious happened in the 53rd century BC and the settlement was abandoned .
As well as boats, underwater excavations have uncovered a wide variety of tools, ceramics and utensils in recent years .
Only a fraction of the village has been excavated so far. The pirogue, which is 9.5 metres long, is not complete. This has led experts to surmise there was a boat yard in the area at the time .
A similar vessel was found in the lake in 1994 .
The new find is currently being treated with special substances to conserve it, now that it has been taken from the muddy home which looked after it so long. Officials said the pirogue will be officially presented to the press in September, at the opening of a new archaeological centre. "The restoration will be undertaken by a specialist firm," said Carmelo Capone, an executive councillor of the nearby town of Anguillara .
"But it will be possible to organize special visits and school excursions, so people can see the restorers at work."
Published: 12th August 2005 10:20 CET
Swedish Iron Age burial ground discovered
Archaeologists digging near Strömnäsbruk in Småland have uncovered a burial ground with some twenty graves thought to date back to the Iron Age.
"We didn't expect to find so many," said Alexandra Nylén who, with her colleague from the Småland museum, Peter Skoglund, has been working in the area for the last two weeks.
"The grave field shows that there was a permanent settlement with cultivation here in the Iron Age, from 500 BC to 500 AD. This is from the end of the Iron Age," she said.
The archaeologists knew that there was a so-called 'ship's barrow', a type of grave with a large stone on top, at the location. But the dig revealed many other graves identified by piles of stones.
"This gives a new aspect to the history of this area," said Alexandra Nylén.
The local council must now decide whether to perform a thorough investigation of the area and whether to keep the settlement as it is.
Ancient Roman temple found
Digs are in the same area where busts of Caesar,Titus found
(ANSA) - Rome


Type classes in GADTs
C Rodrigues red5_2 at hotmail.com
Thu Oct 30 01:20:43 EDT 2008
I discovered that closed type classes can be implicitly defined using GADTs. The GADT value itself acts like a class dictionary. However, GHC (6.8.3) doesn't know anything about these type classes, and it won't infer any class memberships. In the example below, an instance of Eq is not recognized.
So is this within the domain of GHC's type inference, not something it shoud infer, or a bug?
{-# OPTIONS_GHC -XTypeFamilies -XGADTs -XEmptyDataDecls #-}
module CaseAnalysisOnGADTs where
-- Commutative and associative operators.
data CAOp a where
 Sum :: CAOp Int
 Disj :: CAOp Bool
 Concat :: CAOp String
{- For any non-bottom value of type 'CAOp a', the value will have type
-- CAOp Int, CAOp Bool, or CAOp String. Int, Bool, and String are all
-- members of Eq. Therefore, if we have a non-bottom value of type
-- 'CAOp a' then 'a' is a member of Eq.
data D a = D!(CAOp a) (a, a)
-- However, GHC won't figure this out.
noEvidenceOfEq :: D a -> Bool
noEvidenceOfEq (D op (e1, e2)) = e1 == e2 -- Error, no instance (Eq a)
-- Unless you force it to do case analysis on constructors.
evidenceOfEq :: CAOp a -> a -> a -> Bool
evidenceOfEq Sum = (==)
evidenceOfEq Disj = (==)
evidenceOfEq Concat = (==)
-- Then you can use the result from that, but GHC still won't
-- recognize it as an Eq instance.
useEvidenceOfEq :: D a -> Bool
useEvidenceOfEq (D op (e1, e2)) = evidenceOfEq op e1 e2
You live life beyond your PC. So now Windows goes beyond your PC.
More information about the Glasgow-haskell-users mailing list


text:
September 22-25, 1997
The context-dependent modeling technique is extended to include non-speech filler segments occurring between speech word units. In addition to the conventional context-dependent word or subword units, the proposed acoustic modeling provides an eficient way of accounting for the effects of the surrounding speech on the inter-word non-speech segments, especially for small vocabulary recognition tasks. It is argued that a robust recognition scheme is obtained by explicitly accounting for context-dependent inter-word filler acoustics in training while ignoring their explicit context dependencies during recognition testing. Results on a connected digit recognition task over the telephone network indicate an improvement in the error rate from 2.5% to 0.9% i.e., about 64% word error-rate reduction, using the improved model set.
Bibliographic reference. Zeljkovic, Ilija / Narayanan, Shrikanth (1997): "Novel filler acoustic models for connected digit recognition", In EUROSPEECH-1997, 283-286.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Is BloKleen suitable for all types of solar power plants?
Could BloKleen damage the solar panels?
No, Blokleen is designed to clean 90% of the dust load soiling with specially designed non-contact dust blowing mechanism. A brush mechanism has also been included to clean the remaining 10% of sticky dirt. The brush is programmed to operate depending on the site dust load characteristics and need not be used on a daily basis. Thus the robot protects the anti-reflective coating and does not produce scratches on the panel glass.
What will be the manpower requirement to operate BloKleen robot system?
Zero, Blokleen is a PLC based automated cleaning system. It is programmed to conduct cleaning cycles at the required time of day, independently. Hence no human intervention is required.
What is the cleaning cycle frequency of the BloKleen robot system?
BloKleen can be programmed to conduct multiple cleaning cycles per day at the desired time based on the specific dust load conditions at each site.
Does the BloKleen clean all kinds of dirt?
Yes, The robot cleans all kinds of dirt including dust, sand and bird droppings.
Does BloKleen require water?
No, BloKleen is designed for waterless cleaning. It is designed to operate in dry, dusty and arid regions, where solar power plants are usually located and water is scarce.
Does the BloKleen require operating power?
No, BloKleen is self powered with every robot having its own solar module. The on-board batteries are charged daily.
Can BloKleen adapt to inclination is site layout?
Yes, BloKleen designed travel along guide rails. The drive mechanism can power the robot to travel along a 25 degrees inclination.


text:
Can Dogs Have Hidden Valley Ranch?
Can Dogs Eat Ranch Dressing. The Straight answer is No. It's true, a small quantity of Ranch dressing is okay for dogs. But do not let your pooch to eat a large amount of ranch dressing as it contains some toxic ingredients which can brutally effect to your dog's health.
Is salad dressing bad for dogs?
This food product is not recommended and should be avoided. Salad dressings are often high in fats and/or sugars which is also not healthy for your dog. …
Can dogs eat lettuce and ranch?
Romaine lettuce, iceberg lettuce, and regular lettuce can be eaten by dogs, both raw and cooked. Dressings contain many ingredients that can harm your pooch, and salads in general (even dressing-free ones) might contain something your dog shouldn't be eating " like walnuts or onions.
What condiments can dogs eat?
5 Spices That Are Safe for Dogs to Eat
Is olive oil good for dogs?
Is olive oil good for dogs? It sure is! Extra virgin olive oil is an excellent source of monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. That means the same olive oil that's good for you can be just as good for your furry friend.
Can dogs eat scrambled eggs with milk?
A scrambled egg won't cause your dog any serious harm, but there are better ways to serve eggs, which are quite healthy for dogs. Eggs are a great source of protein. They also contain essential fatty and amino acids. Eggs can even help settle a dog's upset stomach, and they can make a surprisingly good training treat.
Can I give my dog Pepto Bismol?
Pepto-Bismol Dosage For Dogs: The recommended dosage is 1 teaspoon for every 10 pounds, according to Dr. Klein. It can be offered to the dog every 6-to-8 hours, but if your dog still has diarrhea after a few doses, stop the medication and call your veterinarian.
Will a Tums hurt a dog?
How Is Tums Bad For Dogs? Usually, Tums causes only minimal side effects in dogs when taken infrequently if it causes any at all. However, the compounds in the drug may actually cause constipation or loose stools, which is the opposite effect you probably want it to have.
Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel.


GraphTheoryIsEdgeColorabletest if graph is edge-colorable with k colorsCalling SequenceParametersDescriptionExamples
<Text-field bookmark="usage" style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">Calling Sequence</Text-field>IsEdgeColorable(G, k, col)IsEdgeColorable(G, k, d, col)
<Text-field bookmark="bkmrk0" style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">Parameters</Text-field>
G-undirected graphk-non-negative integer (the number of colors)d-(optional) positive integer (distance)col-(optional) name
<Text-field bookmark="info" style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">Description</Text-field>The IsEdgeColorable(G,k) function returns true if the graph G is k-edge colorable and false otherwise. That is, if the edges of G can be colored with k colors such that no two incident edges have the same color.If an optional argument d is specified, then IsEdgeColorable(G,k,d) returns true if the graph G is (k,d)-edge colorable, and false otherwise. That is, it returns true if the edges of G can be colored with k colors such that two edges with any given color are at least distance d apart. When d is not specified it is assumed to be 1.If a name col is specified, then this name is assigned the list of colors of an optimal proper coloring of edges of G, if it exists. The algorithm uses a backtracking technique.The problem of testing if a graph is k-colorable is NP-complete, meaning that no polynomial-time algorithm is known. The exhaustive search will take exponential time on some graphs.
<Text-field bookmark="examples" style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">Examples</Text-field> LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYnLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRictRiM2Ji1GLDYlUSV3aXRoRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0YnLUkjbW9HRiQ2LlEwJkFwcGx5RnVuY3Rpb247RicvRjhRJ25vcm1hbEYnLyUmZmVuY2VHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUqc2VwYXJhdG9yR0ZCLyUpc3RyZXRjaHlHRkIvJSpzeW1tZXRyaWNHRkIvJShsYXJnZW9wR0ZCLyUubW92YWJsZWxpbWl0c0dGQi8lJ2FjY2VudEdGQi8lJ2xzcGFjZUdRJjAuMGVtRicvJSdyc3BhY2VHRlEvJSllcXVhbGl0eUdGQi1JKG1mZW5jZWRHRiQ2JC1GIzYlLUYsNiVRLEdyYXBoVGhlb3J5RidGNEY3LyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdGQkY+Rj5GPi1GOzYuUSI6RidGPkZARkNGRUZHRklGS0ZNL0ZQUSwwLjI3Nzc3NzhlbUYnL0ZTRl5vRlRGaG5GPg== 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 SSZmYWxzZUclKnByb3RlY3RlZEc= 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 SSV0cnVlRyUqcHJvdGVjdGVkRw== LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEkY29sRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0YnLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvRjNRJ25vcm1hbEYn NyY8JzwkIiIiIiInPCQiIiMiIiQ8JCIiJSIiJjwkIiIoIiIpPCQiIioiIzU8JjwkRiVGLDwkRilGKzwkRiZGMjwkRi9GMTwmPCRGKEYxPCRGKUYuPCRGK0YyPCRGLEYvPCQ8JEYlRig8JEYmRi4= 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 NyYiIiYiIiVGJCIiIw== 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 SSV0cnVlRyUqcHJvdGVjdGVkRw== LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEkY29sRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0YnLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvRjNRJ25vcm1hbEYn NzEvPCQiIiIiIiMiIiEvPCRGJSIiJiIiJC88JEYlIiInRi4vPCRGJkYrRisvPCRGJiIiKiIiKS88JEYrIiIlRi4vPCRGKyIiKEYzLzwkRjdGKiIjNS88JEY3Rj1GJi88JEYqRjRGOi88JEYuRjpGJS88JEYuRj1GMy88JEY6RjRGNy88JEY0RjNGJy88JEYzRj1GKg== 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 SSZmYWxzZUclKnByb3RlY3RlZEc=
See AlsoCircularChromaticIndexEdgeChromaticNumberIsVertexColorable


Mismatch between wages and cost of living
By : Sofea Azahar
The mismatch between wages and cost of living has been a longstanding issue and it surely has no one-size-fits-all solution but we need to start somewhere at some…
Amid the challenging economic condition originated from the pandemic, many people have also been struggling to cope with cost of living which do not appear to be in the same trend with the incomes of many Malaysians as they have been severely affected due to cost-cutting measures by their employers. Therefore, this calls for a compatible and sustainable solutions.
Although inflation is trending at low levels, cost of living is said to extend beyond prices. According to the World Bank's study, the issues pertaining to cost of living include stagnant growth in incomes, elevated household debt as well as unaffordable housing.
Based on the statistics from the Department of Statistics (DOSM), mean household income at the national level grew by 4.3 per cent in the period between 2016 and 2019 whilst mean disposable income (income after current transfer deductions) went up by 4.5 per cent in the same period.
Across income groups, mean household incomes for the B40, M40 and T20 also grew throughout the same period.
But the question is, are the latest statistics reflective of the current reality, especially after the unprecedented occurrence of the pandemic?
Mean household expenditure increased by 4 per cent during the 2016-2019 period. Among all expenses, food and beverages accounts for the biggest portion at 17.3 per cent and within the income groups, B40 households allocate high share of their expenditure on food compared to those in other income groups.
But this also comes with the fact that food prices are on an increasing trend compared to other CPI items. Given that the low-income households tend to spend more on food, should food prices continue to accelerate quicker than other items, these households would certainly feel the pinch from higher inflation rate.
Additionally, household debt is at a high level — 82.7 per cent of GDP in 2019. Financial literacy amongst Malaysians is also poor, particularly among youths. Not only we have increased unemployment due to Covid-19, there is also an issue of underemployment.
When discussing about cost of living, the status of poverty should also be considered because the poor household group is the most unfortunate amongst all.
Poverty is measured using the poverty line income (PLI) whereby the concept and methodology is based on the minimum requirement of nutritional food and non-food items (clothing, housing, transportation and others) required by each household to live an active and a healthy life.
In 2019, the national PLI was revised higher from RM908 in 2016 (based on previous methodology) to RM2,208. As a result, the absolute poverty rate has jumped from 0.4 per cent in 2016 to 5.6 per cent in 2019.
But concern pertaining to this matter arise because the current PLI has not taken into account of the Covid-19 pandemic which have affected socioeconomic well-being of many.
Since then, more people have lost their jobs, have had to undertake pay-cuts or have been put on unpaid leave. Given the challenging circumstances, households might have to resort to earning side incomes or search for any possible means to make ends meet, i.e. join the informal sector.
According to the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Economy) Datuk Seri Mustapa Mohamed, based on the estimates by DOSM after taking into account of the pandemic, poverty rate could be lifted by 3 per cent points from the current official 5.6 per cent.
So, we could see more than the previously-reported 405,441 households living in poverty because of the heavy blow from the crisis.
Cost of living, purchasing power and the income level of households to purchase food and non-food items at minimal level (PLI) also vary across states. The general perception is that the cost of living in the urbanised states are more expensive than the less developed states. But for some states, such might not be the case.
If we were to look at the PLI by state, Sabah and Labuan topped other states including developed ones like KL and Selangor with their high PLIs — RM2,537 and RM2,633 respectively. Poverty rate in Sabah was also the highest at 19.5 per cent.
This shows that it is also costly living in East Malaysia, not only in the big cities.
Wage gap between states is also not helpful in supporting the cost of living. An example can be taken from EMIR Research's focus group discussion in 3Q20 whereby a discussant from Sabah mentioned that there is a need to standardise salaries across the country given that the cost of living in Sabah is as high as in the urbanised cities but the salary gap is very huge!
These are the ground realities which might not be completely represented by several official statistics but they can be substantially felt by being on the ground.
Current minimum wages remain low ranging at RM1,100-RM1,200 despite the effort to remove the disparity in wages between Peninsular and East Malaysia.
Let's say a 1-person household earns RM1,200 per month and lives in Kuala Lumpur but the minimum amount of income to acquire basic necessities at minimal level is RM2,216, how would this individual live comfortably given the huge gap?
Even data has shown that labour share of income in Malaysia is much lower than some advanced economies such as Singapore and Korea. This is likely to be evident in sectors that are labour-intensive, sluggish in technological progress and dependent on low-skilled workers.
Increase in wages should be done alongside the upskilling/reskilling of workers (education) and also create more high-skilled jobs through high-value investments. That way, as skillsets of employees expand and become relevant to the demand required by industries, employees will then be able to demand for higher wages.
The mismatch between wages and cost of living has been a longstanding issue and it surely has no one-size-fits-all solution but shouldn't we start somewhere?
(Sofea Azahar is research analyst at EMIR Research, a think tank focused on strategic policy recommendations based on rigorous research.)
be the first to comment on this article
Leave a Reply
Take Me Top


text:
Using camera USB3.0 to check the value of Fuse by color
In wireharness , Fuse is very important, it can affect the safety of the users .
If the value of Fuse is wrong connected, it can be very dangerous in case of electric shock.
So, checking the value of Fuse at each location is very necessary and important.
If the workers check by their eyes, this error can be passed easily.
If we use camera to check this kind of error, absolutely 100% of errors can be found.


text:
On the design of control charts with guaranteed conditional performance under estimated parameters
Does, Ronald J. M. M.
Woodall, William H.
MetadataShow full item record
When designing control charts the in-control parameters are unknown, so the control limits have to be estimated using a Phase I reference sample. To evaluate the in-control performance of control charts in the monitoring phase (Phase II), two performance indicators are most commonly used: the average run length (ARL) or the false alarm rate (FAR). However, these quantities will vary across practitioners due to the use of different reference samples in Phase I. This variation is small only for very large amounts of Phase I data, even when the actual distribution of the data is known. In practice, we do not know the distribution of the data, and it has to be estimated, along with its parameters. This means that we have to deal with model error when parametric models are used and stochastic error because we have to estimate the parameters. With these issues in mind, choices have to be made in order to control the performance of control charts. In this paper, we discuss some results with respect to the in-control guaranteed conditional performance of control charts with estimated parameters for parametric and nonparametric methods. We focus on Shewhart, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), and cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts for monitoring the mean when parameters are estimated.


text:
To prevent drones from being used to smuggle drugs, cash, phones or even weapons into prisons, the French government is going to invest in so-called counter UAS systems.
All over the world, drones are increasingly being used to smuggle prohibited goods over prison walls. This has led to a game of cat and mouse with detention centre managers, who do everything they can to prevent such smuggling attempts. Ranging from nets over courtyards to high-tech drone detectors, everything is done to prevent drone smuggling. But it is all a case of mopping up.
Some French prisons report up to three attempts a week to use drones to get contraband to detainees. In high-security facilities where detection and disruption technology has already been installed, such smuggling attempts have been drastically reduced or even stopped altogether.
France has now decided to put an end to drone smuggling once and for all and will buy systems to counter the use of drones around prisons.


text:
In the spring of 1967, the newly formed United Holiness Church of North America explored plans to start a bible college to train young people called to the ministry and others wishing to receive a Christian education. God had placed this desire in Rev. E.D. Coxon's heart some time previously. At the 1967 summer camp meeting in Sunfield, Michigan, he made an announcement, "We are going to start a Christian college to train our young people. And these young people will go out and bless the world." This proclamation became the passion of many others.
When classes began in September 1967 at Wesleyan Bible Institute, a powerful spirit of hope and expectation was felt among the students, faculty and staff. This was strong enough to see them through many struggles in the years that followed. Their lack of knowledge, experience, money, and resources was great, but time after time God came through and did the impossible. There was a sense of God's promise that He would do something great here, to be a part of building His kingdom.
The motto was "Sacrifice and Fun." There was very little money so students and faculty, under the leadership of Rev. DeWayne Coxon, began constructing the buildings on Monday work bees, summer breaks, and evenings.
In 1971 students tore down twelve barns and built the Chapel. Services began in January 1972 with donations of an organ, a piano, and pews. Everything was built with an abundance of sacrifice and fun.
Many will remember early morning prayer meetings, chapel services during the school day, prayer before classes, mid-week vespers, Sunday services, Spring choir tours, impromptu bible studies and songs around the piano. Numerous weddings and several funerals, baby dedications, special speakers, and singers, concerts and graduations took place in the beautiful sanctuary. Many, many times the Holy Spirit's presence was very near. With it all was a sense of doing something great for the kingdom of God, along with a sense of His promise that He would bless it.
In December 1972, Wesleyan Bible Institute became Jordan College and in 1977, Jordan College became independent of the United Holiness Church. Then, in December 1995, after twenty-eight years, Jordan College closed. Still the congregation continued to worship in the Chapel. There were several pastors, yet most of the time, it was Rev. DeWayne Coxon.
Reverend Coxon retired in December 2004, and in January 2005, the Old Chapel, now also known as the Cedar Springs Christian Church, was incorporated. The small congregation that remains continues to worship and work with a powerful spirit of hope and expectation and the comfort of experiencing God's miraculous provision for today. For several years they have continued on with 'sacrifice and fun' in mind, and on January 1, 2010, retired Rev. DeWayne Coxon gladly officiated the service for Ryan Black to become the new pastor.
Pastor Black has a love for the Word and a passion for people to understand God's whole plan in it. He has studied extensively the Jewish roots of the Christian faith and feels a concern for people to understand the times we live in and be prepared for Christ's return. His heart and mind embody all the hope and expectation of the Chapel's history and God's promise to the Chapel for the future.
In January 2012, the Chapel building became forty years old. There is still a powerful spirit of hope and expectation of God's promise that He will complete what He started and that He will do great things here for His kingdom. All of you who were a part are welcome to come and have a share in it. And all of you who never knew one moment of any of it are welcome to come and share in all that God will do.


text:
NTGS Record 2022-006 Atlas of spectral reflectance rock characteristics, Tennant Creek is now available for download. The Atlas summarises mineralogy derived from spectral reflectance data to characterise a comprehensive range of metasedimentary, ironstone, altered and intrusive rocks from key deposits and locations across the Tennant Creek mineral field.
The Atlas aims to assess the mineral and textural results to generate greater insights about lithology and mineralogy changes in type example rock units in the Tennant Creek mineral ﬁeld. This Atlas is based on imagery and spectra of 186 samples of 'typical' Tennant Creek mineral ﬁeld rocks that have been scanned with the HyLogger™ instrument; and comprises 92 plates with mineralogy results, spectral characteristics and comparisons between visually logged and spectrally derived mineralogy.
Download the full record and all data from GEMIS.


Supercapacitor Vibrobot
10,674
123
5
About: My name is Randy and I am a Community Manager in these here parts. In a previous life I had founded and run the Instructables Design Studio (RIP) @ Autodesk's Pier 9 Technology Center. I'm also the author ...
For this project we are going to take advantage of supercapacitors to power a vibrobot. In other words, we are going to be using 15F capacitors to power vibrating motors to make robots which move around through vibrations. The basic model has an on/off switch and a charging port to allow it to be charged up between uses. The more advanced version also includes a small solar cell to let it be charged by the sun when not being used.
To learn more about capacitors, check out the Electronics Class. And should you have robots on the brain I have a Robots Class too!
Step 1: Materials
Step 2: The Circuit
The vibrobot circuit is fairly straight-forward.
There is the charging power that has a power and ground connection.
Ground gets connected to the capacitor and the motor.
The power input goes to a SPDT switch through a 100 ohm current limiting resistor.
The SPFT switch toggles the capacitor's positive connection between the charger and the motor. In this way, it allows the capacitor to either be charged by the input port or power the motor.
Step 3: Attach the Capacitor
Let's start the circuit board by soldering the supercapacitor in place. Notice that the capacitor has a metal plate on the bottom connected to the power pin. You need to be particularly careful not to accidentally short the power by having the bottom of the capacitor touch any bus rows on the circuit board that might be connected to ground. To easily prevent this, I installed my capacitor at a 45 degree angle straddling the center of the board. This arrangement ensures that a short between power and ground like this likely won't happen.
Step 4: Install the Socket
The next thing to install is the female socket for the power plug. Place this on the same side of the board as the capacitor's ground lead. Place it somewhere in the middle with the indent for the plug's tab facing outwards away from the board.
Note that I have something jammed under the board in the soldering picture. This is to hold the component in place while I solder it.
Step 5: Switch
Install the on/off switch on the side of the board opposite from the charger socket.
Step 6: Wires
Strip about an inch of insulation off the end of solid core wire. Attach the uninsulated wire to one of the terminals on the vibrating motor. Repeat this process for the other terminal.
Step 7: Wire in the Motor
Place the motor centered upon the edge of the board such that its counterweight hangs over the edge.
Insert each motor wire through one of the sockets on their respective sides of the circuit board, and solder them in place.
Step 8: More Wiring
Attach black ground wires between the 2-pin female socket, the ground pin on the capacitor and one of the motor pins.
It is critical to get the connection between the ground pin on the socket and the supercapacitor correct. If you were to reverse it and charge the capacitor backwards, very bad things can happen. So... double check this and make sure you are getting it correct. When the plug is inserted, the ground pin should be wired to the pin with the negative marking on the capacitor.
Once you are absolutely sure you got the ground connections right, solder a red wire between the center pin on the switch and the positive pin on the capacitor. Also solder a red wire between one of the outer pins on the switch and the motor.
Finally, solder a wire around the body of the motor. This shouldn't be electrically connected to anything. It just holds the motor in place.
Step 9: Charging Resistor
Solder a 100 ohm resistor between the voltage pin on the power socket and the unused pin on the switch.
This resistor is used for charging. If we didn't use the resistor, the supercapacitor will try to draw as much current as it possibly can from the charger. This sudden surge will essentially be like a short wire and possibly either damage it, or if it has protection circuitry, do nothing at all.
The resistor we are using was calculated using Ohm's Law. To be on the safe side, I upped the value slightly since resistors are not perfect, and it can't hurt to have a little bit more.
All of that said, the particular supercapacitor that is being used here has a relatively high internal resistance. What this means is that it does not draw power from a charge as fast as a normal supercapacitor. In fact, it takes an exceptionally long time to charge (about an hour as opposed to 10 seconds).
The resistor we are using may not be necessary and might actually slow down charging times a bit. Nevertheless, I have included the resistor in case someone decides to use a different supercapacitor.
You may be wondering why I have chosen to use this one if it charges so slowly. Well, it holds 15F of power, and is a fraction the size of normal supercapacitors. Basically, this little cap holds 3X more power than a supercapacitor that is 5X the size. It may take a while to charge, but it can run for a relatively long time.
Step 10: Cut Wires
Cut four 4" solid core wires to be used as the robot's legs.
Step 11: Attach the Legs
Solder both ends of each wire into the corners of the circuit board to create four wire loops.
These should not be electrically connected to any actual components on the circuit board.
Step 12: Shape the Legs
Shape all four wires into legs as you see fit.
I gave each one little loop feet, but perhaps there is another design which might work better. Feel free to experiment with form and aesthetics. There is no true right answer.
Step 13: Determine the Polarity
We are going to use a 'wall wart' AC to DC converter to charge the vibrobot.
In order to do this, we need to first determine the polarity of the plug connected to the wall wart to determine which end is positive and which is ground.
Plug the 2-wire adapter into the socket at the end of the cable. Use the voltage setting on your multimeter to measure the voltage coming off of the adapter. If you see a positive voltage, then the wire connected to the red probe is positive and the wire connected to the black probe is ground. Mark these wires to tell them apart if they are not marked already.
Step 14: Connector
Solder the metal sockets for the 2-pin female connector onto the end of each wire of the 2-wire power adapter.
Make note of the alignment tab on the plug. If the alignment tab is facing you and the connector is pointing up, ground should be on the left and power should be on the right.
Compress the the metal tabs on the end of each pin and then insert both into the proper socket of the plug by pressing them firmly.
If you are not confident, you can plug the power adapter in and measure with the multimeter to make sure you got it right.
Step 15: Charge It Up
To charge it up, make sure the switch is in the charging position (i.e. the motor is not running), and plug the wall wart into the socket.
You can leave it plugged into the charger as long as you want. The capacitor will stop drawing power once it's charged and be fine. Capacitors are not like batteries whose shelf-life is diminished if you leave them charging for too long without protection circuitry.
Step 16: Solar
If you want to take your robot off the grid, you can add a small solar panel to charge up the capacitor when the motor is not in use.
This addition is optional.
Step 17: Expanding the Circuit
To make this circuit solar powered, we need to add two additional components, a solar panel and a diode.
The solar panel should be rated for less voltage than the capacitor, and placed in parallel with the capacitor. Since our capacitor is rated for 5.6V, using a 4V solar panel should be safe for charging it.
We will also need to add a diode to the circuit between the positive lead on the solar panel and the capacitor. Don't yet worry too much about what diodes are. They will be discussed much further in a future lesson. For now, you just need to know that all the diode is doing is preventing electricity from the capacitor flowing backwards through the solar panel when there is no sunlight hitting it.
Step 18: Adding a Diode
Simply connect the end of the diode with the stripe to the pin on the switch where the 100 ohm resistor is connected. Connect the other diode pin to any unused solder pad on the board.
Step 19: Wiring the Solar Panel
Attach a red solid core wire to the positive terminal on the solar panel and a black wire to the negative.
The reason we are replacing the existing wire with solid core wires is because these new stiffer wires will hold the solar panel in place upright above the surface of the board.
Step 20: Connect the Solar Panel
Connect together the red wire from the solar panel to the unused pin on the diode


How Did Colonial People Make Candles?
Colonia way of making dipped taper candles
Making candles for dark nights was a yearly chore in colonial households. While colonists often bought cotton wick, they typically made enough candles to last for the year.
How Colonial Candles Were Made
Candles were most commonly made by dipping during colonial times in households, especially during the early colonial period. However, candle makers, or chandlers, started using molds as well.
Dipped Method
The process for dipping candles was fairly straightforward:
 1. Colonists would melt waxy material, usually tallow, in a large kettle full of scalding hot water.
 2. Once the tallow was melted, they would skim off the tallow and put it in another pot for dipping. They might also have put the tallow through a sieve to get out more impurities.
 3. They would then take a long wick (either bought from the store or spun from flax or cotton) and tie it to the end of a stick. Usually they would tie several wicks to one stick so they could dip several candles at once.
 4. Once the wick was tied, they would begin dipping the wick into the melted tallow.
 5. Once the candle was large enough, the candle maker (or wives and children) would press the bottom so it was flat and then hang the candles out to dry.
The tallow had to be stirred regularly, and it took about 25 dippings for a whole candle. Because it was quite a process, colonists would set aside an entire day for this annual chore. This process was the same regardless of the wax being used.
colonial woman hand dipping candles
Candle Molds
Colonial households typically didn't use candle molds. Molds could only make six to eight candles at a time and so it was impractical to use molds for the annual candle making. Consequently, colonial households would buy molded candles if they had enough money. However, the process for making them was very similar:
 1. The chandler would melt the wax material and skim off impurities.
 2. He would transfer the melted wax into something with a spout for easier pouring.
 3. He would then pour wax into the molds and allow it to harden.
Below is a demonstration of a colonial candle kit used with this method:
What Candles Were Made Of
There were four materials that candles were primarily made from during colonial times.
Beef and Sheep Tallow
The vast majority of candles in colonial times were made from tallow, which is a hard, fatty animal substance. The best candles were rendered from half sheep and half beef tallow. While you can use any tallow, this combination smelled the least and burned the best without sputtering. Especially poor people might use pig tallow, but it was undesirable because of the smell.
Medieval candles on sale at local fair
Beeswax was another popular material for candle making during the latter part of the colonial period. Beeswax, like bayberry, was not as plentiful as tallow, but it made a pleasant-smelling candle. They could be made either by dipping or in a mold.
New Englanders discovered bayberries have a waxy substance and were great for candle making. Not only did bayberry candles smell better than tallow candles, but they also were naturally a lovely green, making them great for decorating. However, it took about a dozen pounds of bayberry to yield one pound of candle wax. Consequently, people tended to add bayberry to their tallow wax rather than just making candles exclusively out of bayberry.
The first uniform candles were made from spermaceti, although chandlers did make molded candles from other materials. Molded candles were uniform in shape, so they looked nicer; however, spermaceti candles burned brighter and were firmer so they tended not to lose their shape. Chandlers made spermaceti candles by taking crystallized sperm whale oil and pouring it into candle molds and allowing it to harden.
Colonists didn't necessarily have a lot to work with, so the equipment needed to make candles was kept to a bare minimum.
 - Large kettle for melting wax and scalding water
 - A wooden paddle for stirring
 - Cotton wick - usually purchased, but colonists could make homemade wicks by spinning cotton on a wheel
 - A drying rack had several racks to hold many candles
 - Long sticks or branches for dipping multiple candles at once to make the chore more productive
 - Molds - chandlers might use molds to make uniform-looking candles; they were made out of tin or wood
Colonial Candle Making
Candles were an absolute necessity during colonial times because they were a primary way to light a home. Candle making was a common household chore until the oil lamp was invented and became common in the latter part of the 18th century. Even after the oil lamp came on the scene, colonists continued to make candles simply because they found them to be beautiful.
Was this page useful?
How Did Colonial People Make Candles?


text:
It's grief that unites their devastated families, and an unwavering pursuit of change.
They want real punishment for the companies who've let them down in the most terrible way.
Statement from Schwing Australia
The death of Mr Catanzariti was a tragic loss of life.
Schwing Australia assisted with all inquiries and provided expert metallurgical evidence demonstrating that the failure of the bolts was attributable to the manufacturing process, which occurred outside Australia.
Schwing Australia made representations to the ACT Coroner, which were ultimately accepted, as to improvements that can be made to Australian Safety Standards to safeguard against a tragic accident like this occurring again. Those safeguards include ensuring bolts used in the context of securing booms are safe and ensuring the cycle of replacement of these bolts is appropriate.
Schwing Australia again extends its deepest condolences to the Catanzariti family.
Statement from Victorian Government spokesperson
Every life lost at a Victorian workplace is one too many. These laws will make our workplaces safer, hold employers to account, and most importantly give heartbroken families the justice they deserve.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- Recommended for ages 8 and up
- Includes: 1 Game Grid, 60 Challenge Cards, 9 Towers, 1 Target Piece, and 3 Marbles
Requires 3 AA and 3 AAA batteries (not included)
Keep your child entertained and challenged with the Gravity Maze Game. Designed for both beginners and experts, this logic puzzle game can grow with your child as their skills improve. The Gravity Maze is a combination of a marble run and logic puzzle with over 60 challenges ranging in difficulty to help your child develop spatial reasoning and planning skills.


dcsimg

Getting Information About A File
by Bradley L. Jones
The FileInfo class in the .NET Framework allows you to get information about a file including its size, when it was created, and when it was last accessed. Discover how to use this class with C#
This example presents the FileInfo class, which allows you to get information about a file. Listing 1 presents the FileInfo class in use. This program takes a single filename and displays the size and key dates regarding it. For the output, the FileSize.cs file was used.
Listing 1. FileSize.cs — Using the FileInfo Class
 1: // FileSize.cs - 2: //----------------------------------------------- 3: using System; 4: using System.IO; 5: 6: class FileSize 7: { 8: public static void Main() 9: {10: string[] CLA = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();11: 12: FileInfo fiExe = new FileInfo(CLA[0]);13: 14: if ( CLA.Length < 2 )15: {16: Console.WriteLine( "Format: {0} filename", fiExe.Name);17: }18: else19: {20: try21: {22: FileInfo fiFile = new FileInfo(CLA[1]);23: 24: if(fiFile.Exists)25: {26: Console.WriteLine("===================================");27: Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1}", fiFile.Name, fiFile.Length );28: Console.WriteLine("===================================");29: Console.WriteLine("Last Access: {0}", fiFile.LastAccessTime);30: Console.WriteLine("Last Write: {0}", fiFile.LastWriteTime);31: Console.WriteLine("Creation: {0}", fiFile.CreationTime);32: Console.WriteLine("===================================");33: }34: else35: {36: Console.WriteLine("{0} doesn't exist!", fiFile.Name);37: }38: }39: 40: catch (System.IO.FileNotFoundException)41: {42: Console.WriteLine("\n{0} does not exist!", CLA[1]);43: return;44: }45: catch (Exception e)46: {47: Console.WriteLine("\nException thrown trying to copy file.");48: Console.WriteLine(e);49: return;50: }51: }52: }53: }
The following is the output from this listing. Your output will vary depending on when you create the FileSize.cs program.
===================================FileSize.cs - 1551===================================Last Access: 2/22/2003 11:40:30 PMLast Write: 2/22/2003 11:40:19 PMCreation: 2/22/2003 11:39:45 PM
The FileInfo class creates an object that is associated to a specific file. In line 12, a FileInfo object was created called fiExe that is associated to the program being executed (fileinfo.exe). If the user doesn't enter an argument on the command line, the value of fiExe is printed with program usage information (line 14).
In line 22, a second FileInfo object is created using the argument passed to the program. In lines 26 to 32, information is displayed about this file. As you can see, the information displayed includes the file size using the Length member, the creation date and time using the CreationTime member, the last access date and time using the LastAccessTime member, and finally the last date and time the file was written to using the LastWriteTime member.
For more information
For more information check out my C# book, Sams Teach Yourself C# in 21 Days.
This article was originally published on Tuesday Mar 11th 2003
Home
Mobile Site | Full Site


text:
Hesperocallis undulata Desert Lily 10 seeds
Seeds Hesperocallis undulata Ajo Lily or Desert Lily. Very fragrant, large waxy white flowers. Narrow, wavy-margined leaves. The unbranched erect stems are typically 12″ to 20″ high. Bulbous plant that blooms in April and May, but may bloom earlier if conditions are right. Native to Colorado desert of Southern California. Grows in sandy soil and hardy in zones 9a-11. The bulbs have a garlic-like flavor and were eaten by native americans. Germination in 1 to 4 months and said to be tricky to germinate.


text:
Full text loading...
(Color online) Sketch of the surface DBD and surface S used to compute the produced EHD force.
(Color online) Current discharge evolution for both plate-to-plate and wire-to-plate discharges (instantaneous snapshot of one ac cycle and envelope of 60 ac cycles, different scales for both current curves).
Time-averaged horizontal (U) and vertical (V) velocity fields for both plate-to-plate and wire-to-plate configurations (downstream edge of the air-exposed active electrode is set at the axis origin as shown in Fig. 1).
(Color online) Horizontal velocity versus time for both discharges (x = 5 mm and y = 1 mm).
(Color online) EHD force versus time for both discharges (horizontal and vertical body force in black and green, respectively).
Article metrics loading...


= \frac{\overline{x} - \mu}{s/\sqrt{n}}
This is not a statistic, because μ is unknown, which is the crucial point in such a problem. Most people even don't notice it. Another problem with this formula is the use of x and s. They are to be considered the sample statistics and not their values.
The right general formula is:
T = \frac{\overline{X} - c}{S/\sqrt{n}}
in which c is the hypothetical value for μ specified by the null hypothesis.
(The standard deviation of the sample divided by the square root of the sample size is known as the "standard error" of the sample.)
Step 4[edit]
State the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis. Under H0 the statistic T will follow a Student's distribution with 19 degrees of freedom: T \sim \tau\cdot(20-1) .
Step 5[edit]
Compute the observed value t of the test statistic T, by entering the values, as follows:
t = \frac{\overline{x} - 60}{s/\sqrt{20}} = \frac{50.2 - 60.0}{2.5/\sqrt{20}} = \frac{-9.8}{2.5/4.47} = \frac{-9.8}{0.559} = -17.5
Step 6[edit]
Determine the so-called p-value of the value t of the test statistic T. We will reject the null hypothesis for too small values of T, so we compute the left p-value:
p-value = P(T \leq t ;H_0) = P(T(19) \leq -17.5) \approx 0
The Student's distribution gives T(19)=1.729 at probabilities 0.95 and degrees of freedom 19. The p-value is approximated at 1.777e-13.
Step 7[edit]
Lastly, interpret the results in the context of the problem. The p-value indicates that the results almost certainly did not happen by chance and we have sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The professor's students did score significantly lower than the national average.
See also[edit]
t Test for Two Means[edit]
In both the one- and two-tailed versions of the small two-sample t-test, we assume that the means of the two populations are equal. To use a t-test for small (independent) samples, the following conditions must be met:
 1. The samples must be selected randomly.
 2. The samples must be independent.
 3. Each population must have a normal distribution.
A small two sample t-test is used to test the difference between two population means μ1 and μ2 when the sample size for at least one population is less than 30.The standardized test statistic is:
One-Way ANOVA F Test[edit]
The one-way ANOVA F-test is used to identify if there are differences between subject effects. For instance, to investigate the effect of a certain new drug on the number of white blood cells, in an experiment the drug is given to three different groups, one of healthy people, one with people with a light form of the considered disease and one with a severe form of the disease. Generally the analysis of variance identifies whether there is a significant difference in effect of the drug on the number of white blood cells between the groups. Significant refers to the fact that there will always be difference between the groups and also within the groups, but the purpose is to investigate whether the difference between the groups are large compared to the differences within the groups. To set up such an experiment three assumptions must be validated before calculating an F statistic: independent samples, homogeneity of variance, and normality. The first assumption suggests that there is no relation between the measurements for different subjects. Homogeneity of variance refers to equal variances among the different groups in the experiment (e.g., drug vs. placebo). Furthermore, the assumption of normality suggests that the distribution of each of these groups should be approximately normally distributed.
Model[edit]
The situation is modelled in the following way. The measurement of the j-th test person in group i is indicated by:
X_{ij}=\mu+\alpha_i+U_{ij}\,.
This reads: the outcome of the measurement for j in group i is due to a general effect indicated by \mu\,, an effect due to the group, \alpha_i\, and an individual contribution U_{ij}\,.
The individual, or random, contributions U_{ij}\,, often referred to as disturbances, are considered to be independently, normally distributed, all with expected value 0 and standard deviation \sigma.
To make the model unambiguous the group effects are restrained by the condition:
\sum_i\alpha_i=0\,.
Now. a notational note: it is common practice to indicate averages over one or more indices by writing a dot in the place of the index or indices. So for instance
X_{i.} = \frac{1}{N}\sum^N_{j=1} X_{ij}
The analysis of variance now divides the total "variance" in the form of the total "sum of squares" in two parts, one due to the variation within the groups and one due to the variation between the groups:
SST=\sum_{ij}(X_{ij}-X{..})^2=\sum_{ij}(X_{ij}-X_{i.}+X_{i.}-X{..})^2=
\sum_{ij}(X_{ij}-X_{i.})^2+\sum_{ij}(X_{i.}-X{..})^2\,.
We see the term sum of squares of error:
SSE=\sum_{ij}(X_{ij}-X_{i.})^2\,
of the total squared differences of the individual measurements from their group averages, as an indication of the variation within the groups, and the term sum of square of the factor
SSA=\sum_{ij}(X_{i.}-X{..})^2\,
of the total squared differences of the group means from the overall mean, as an indication of the variation between the groups.
Under the null hypothesis of no effect:
H_0: \forall_i\ \alpha_i=0
we find:
SSE/\sigma^2\, is chi-square distributed with a(m-1) degrees of freedom, and
SSA/\sigma^2\, is chi-square distributed with a-1 degrees of freedom,
where a is the number of groups and m is the number of persons in each group.
Hence the quotient of the so-called mean sum of squares:
MSA=\frac{SSA}{a-1}
and
MSE=\frac{SSE}{a(m-1)}
may be used as a test statistic
F=\frac{MSA}{MSE}
which under the null hypothesis is F-distributed with a-1 degrees of freedom in the nominator and a(m-1) in the denominator, because the unknown parameter \sigma does not play a role since it is cancelled out in the quotient.
Testing whether Proportion A Is Greater than Proportion B in Microsoft Excel[edit]
A running example from the 2004 American Presidential Race follows. It should be clear that the choice of poll and who is leading is irrelevant to the presentation of the concepts. According to an October 2nd Poll by Newsweek (link), 47% of 1,013 registered voters would vote for John Kerry/John Edwards if the election were held today. 45% would vote for George Bush/Dick Cheney, and 2% would vote for Ralph Nader/Peter Camejo.
 - Open a new Blank Workbook in the program Microsoft Excel.
 - Enter Kerry's reported percentage p in cell A1 (0.47).
 - Enter Bush's reported percentage q in cell B1 (0.45).
 - Enter the number of respondents N in cell C1 (1013). This can be found in most responsible reports on polls.
 - In cell A2, copy and paste the next line of text in its entirety and press Enter. This is the Microsoft Excel expression of the standard error of the difference as shown above.
=sqrt(A1*(1-A1)/C1+B1*(1-B1)/C1+2*A1*B1/C1)
 - In cell A3, copy and paste the next line of text in its entirety and press Enter. This is the Microsoft Excel expression of the probability that Kerry is leading based on the normal distribution given the logic here.
=normdist((A1-B1),0,A2,1)
 - Don't forget that the percentages will be in decimal form. The percentage will be 0.5, or 50% if A1 and B1 are the same, of course.
The above text


text:
A fried egg is a food made from an egg fried whole with minimal accompaniment. They are traditionally eaten for breakfast, lunch or tea in English-speaking countries, but may be eaten at other times of the day in other cultures. Fried eggs are distinguished from other forms of eggs cooked in a frying pan, such as scrambled eggs and omelettes, in that the white and yolk are kept distinct rather than beaten or mixed together.
In 1991, Harry Potter was in charge of frying the eggs for Dudley Dursleys birthday. In 1992, Vernon Dursley had remains of fried eggs in his moustache while he was yelling at Harry. Later that year, Ron commented "You could have fried an egg on your face. You'd better hope Creevey doesn't meet Ginny, or they'll be starting a Harry Potter Fan Club," after seeing Harry's reaction to his singing Valentine from Ginny.


text:
AR Statement Summary
This report is useful to send to your clients to inform them of outstanding invoices left in the system. This report works much like the aging report in respect to showing you the current open invoices as of the 'End Date' entered.
To run this report for all current open invoices, enter today's date as the 'End Date' parameter.
1. End Date: The date in which you want to view the statement for. If you want to view a statement of open invoices that were unpaid as of last year, put in a date for last year. If you want open invoices as of yesterday put in yesterday's date.
2. Customer ID: Enter a specific customer id to view the statement for that customer only.
3. Include Zero Balance Invoices: Allows you to filter if you want to show invoices that have been paid off and have a zero dollar balance on them or if you just want to show invoices that have a remaining balance on them.
4. Customer Name: Enter the customer name that you want to view this statement for.
5. Sort By: Select from an array of fields to sort the data within the specified group. Has the following options:
a. Invoice Date
b. Invoice Number
c. Invoice Amount
d. Balance Due


Ball bearings are made by letting spherical drops of molten metalfall inside a tall tower -- called a shot tower -- andsolidify as they fall.
(a) If a bearing needs 5.0 s to solidify enough for impact, how high must thetower be?
1 m
(b) What is the bearing's impact velocity? (Take up to bepositive.)
2 m/s


Jersey (JAX-RS) Java types to consume request parameter values guide
In Jersey (JAX-RS), to consume HTTP request parameter, cookie, header, path variable and matrix parameter string values, we have following options:
 1. Primitive types – int, char, float, long, double, byte and others.
 2. Types with constructor which accepts single String argument.
 3. Types with a static method with name valueOf or fromString which accepts single String argument. For e.g. Integer.valueOf(String) or java.util.UUID.fromString(String).
 4. Types with implementation of ParamConverterProvider JAX-RS extension SPI which return ParamConverter instance. ParamConverter require fromString method implementation, which takes single String argument and convert that to return a specific type. ParamConverterProvider implementation should be registered as provider with Jersey.
 5. List, Set or SortedSet of types defined above. When we expect parameters to have multiple values for same name, we should use these collection.
In this guide we will see examples to create custom Java classes and use them to consume HTTP request parameter values.
Implementation of ParamConverterProvider JAX-RS extension can be used to consume parameters values into existing util classes like Date or LocalDateTime or custom types.
This is a part of Jersey (JAX-RS) Restful Web Services Development Guides series. Please read Jersey + Spring Boot getting started guide.
Java type with single String argument constructor to consume request parameters values
File: ConstructorDateParamModel.java
package in.geekmj.model;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
/**
 *
 * @author geekmj
 * DateParamModel is a class with a constructor with one String Argument
 * We can use it as custom type for mapping request parameters, cookies or headers values
 */
public class ConstructorDateParamModel {
 private String dateAsString;
 /* Expecting ISO-8601 format date string */
 public ConstructorDateParamModel(String dateAsString) {
 this.dateAsString = dateAsString;
 }
 public LocalDateTime getDate() {
 LocalDateTime dateTime = null;
 try {
 dateTime = LocalDateTime.parse(dateAsString, DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME);
 } catch (DateTimeParseException ex) {
 System.err.println("Conversion of dateAsString: " + dateAsString + " using ISO date time failed.");
 }
 try {
 dateTime = LocalDateTime.parse(dateAsString, DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);
 } catch (DateTimeParseException ex) {
 System.err.println("Conversion of dateAsString: " + dateAsString + " using ISO date failed.");
 }
 return dateTime;
 }
}
Above ConstructorDataParamModel can use as type for consuming HTTP request parameter and other values. It has a single String argument constructor. Constructor String argument expected here in ISO Date format. This value parsed with method LocalDateTime.parse(String dateAsString, DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE) in another method getDate, which return LocalDateTime object. When String value is not in ISO Date format, getDate return null value.
Java Type with static method valueOf or fromString to consume request parameters values
File: StaticMethodDateParamModel.java
package in.geekmj.model;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
/**
 *
 * @author geekmj
 * DateParamModel is a class with a static method valueOf with one String
 * Argument. We can use it as custom type for mapping request parameters,
 * cookies or headers values.
 */
public class StaticMethodDateParamModel {
 private String dateAsString;
 public StaticMethodDateParamModel() {
 }
 public String getDateAsString() {
 return dateAsString;
 }
 public void setDateAsString(String dateAsString) {
 this.dateAsString = dateAsString;
 }
 public LocalDateTime getDate() {
 LocalDateTime dateTime = null;
 try {
 dateTime = LocalDateTime.parse(dateAsString, DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME);
 } catch (DateTimeParseException ex) {
 System.err.println("Conversion of dateAsString: " + dateAsString + " using ISO date time failed.");
 }
 try {
 dateTime = LocalDateTime.parse(dateAsString, DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);
 } catch (DateTimeParseException ex) {
 System.err.println("Conversion of dateAsString: " + dateAsString + " using ISO date failed.");
 }
 return dateTime;
 }
 /*
 * Expecting ISO-8601 format date string
 *
 */
 public static StaticMethodDateParamModel valueOf(String dateAsString) {
 StaticMethodDateParamModel staticMethodDateParamModel = new StaticMethodDateParamModel();
 staticMethodDateParamModel.setDateAsString(dateAsString);
 return staticMethodDateParamModel;
 }
}
Above StaticMethodDateParamModel can use as type for consuming HTTP request parameter and other values. It has a single String argument method valueOf which return StaticMethodDateParamModel instance. Similar to previous class we have getDate method here.
Java Types consuming request parameters values with ParamConverterProvider implementation
File : DateParamModel.java
package in.geekmj.model;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
/**
 *
 * @author geekmj
 *
 * It is a class with one String attribute dateAsString. Method getDate
 * convert dateAsString to LocalDateTime. We will use it as a custom
 * Type for Request Parameter, Header, Path, Cookie and Matrix values.
 */
public class DateParamModel {
 private String dateAsString;
 public String getDateAsString() {
 return dateAsString;
 }
 public void setDateAsString(String dateAsString) {
 this.dateAsString = dateAsString;
 }
 public LocalDateTime getDate() {
 LocalDateTime dateTime = null;
 try {
 dateTime = LocalDateTime.parse(dateAsString, DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME);
 } catch (DateTimeParseException ex) {
 System.err.println("Conversion of dateAsString: " + dateAsString + " using ISO date time failed.");
 }
 try {
 dateTime = LocalDateTime.parse(dateAsString, DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);
 } catch (DateTimeParseException ex) {
 System.err.println("Conversion of dateAsString: " + dateAsString + " using ISO date failed.");
 }
 return dateTime;
 }
}
File: DateParamModelConvertorProvider.java
package in.geekmj.config;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import javax.ws.rs.ext.ParamConverter;
import javax.ws.rs.ext.ParamConverterProvider;
import javax.ws.rs.ext.Provider;
import in.geekmj.model.DateParamModel;
@Provider
public class DateParamModelConvertorProvider implements ParamConverterProvider {
 @Override
 public <T> ParamConverter<T> getConverter(Class<T> rawType, Type genericType, Annotation[] annotations) {
 if (rawType.getName().equals(DateParamModel.class.getName())) {
 return new ParamConverter<T>() {
 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 @Override
 public T fromString(String value) {
 DateParamModel dateParamModel = new DateParamModel();
 dateParamModel.setDateAsString(value);
 return (T) dateParamModel;
 }
 @Override
 public String toString(T bean) {
 return ((DateParamModel) bean).getDateAsString();
 }
 };
 }
 return null;
 }
}
Now DateParamModel can used as Type for consuming HTTP request parameter and other


text:
In this paper we present a macroscopic model of a metasurface-optically dense grids of resonant scatterers located on a refracting interface. Similar models were previously built for the case when the scatterers are non-resonant electric dipoles and for the case when there is no substrate. In the present case scatterers are resonant, can have magnetic response, and for substrates with large refraction index acquire also substrate-induced bianisotropic properties. Representing the homogenized response of a metasurface to incident electric and magnetic fields through surface susceptibilities we derive the reflection and transmission formulas for semi-infinite and finite-thickness substrates. We develop a robust algorithm of the retrieval of the characteristic surface parameters from the reflection and transmission coefficients measured or exactly calculated for three different incidence angles. With numerical examples we show that the retrieved susceptibilities of metasurfaces are independent on the incidence angle and can be really called characteristic parameters.
|Number of pages||28|
|Publication status||Published - Dec 2011|
|MoE publication type||A1 Journal article-refereed|
- Effective material parameters
- Electromagnetic characterization


text:
Past and future editions of 'Water usage in agriculture and horticulture'
Page 1 of 1 | 1 results
Release date: 09 June 2011 at
Theme: Agriculture and Environment | Department: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs | Coverage: England
Geographic breakdown: Region
| Designation: National Statistics
Summary: The results in this statistical notice are split into four sections covering: (i) water sources; (ii) water usage for irrigation; (iii) water usage for various activities (including irrigation); and (iv) water quality (practices to reduce or prevent pollution). The notice incorporates results from both the 2009/10 FBS and the 2010 Irrigation Survey.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
6 weeks prior to visit
Review timeline, access online materials
4 weeks prior to visit
Present resources and online educational materials to your school's teachers at a faculty meeting using the website for Tree to Form
- Introduce Tree to Form exhibit using the information provided About the Exhibition.
- Open For Teachers and Parents
- Go over class preand post-visit activities via online access
- Review Tree to Form Interactive Glossary with Words in Action
- Open site for students using the "Have Fun" tab and discuss the Do It Yourself Projects and Woodworking Online Games for kids
We understand that your curricula are filled and time is tight.
- Most pre-visit activities are intended to take 15 to 30 minutes.
- The post-visit activities can be short, or longer, depending upon teacher preference.
- All resources and curricular activities have the links you need.
- By aligning the activities to fit into the Pennsylvania's Department of Education's Standard Aligned System we encourage incorporation into your current classroom curriculums. Each activity can be used by itself or as a platform to encourage cross-curricular thinking or real life application.
3 weeks prior to visit
1 week prior to visit
Begin to make announcements of Fun Facts About Wood.


text:
free worksheets library download and print on best images figurative simile metaphor personification fig.
write a metaphor or simile and worksheets 5th grade pdf worksheet.
personification worksheets grade simile and metaphor worksheet similes metaphors to her with answer sheet amazing hyperbole metap.
simile worksheets grade 5 and metaphor free math for teachers unique best therapy ideas work.
small size medium original download here image title simile metaphor poems worksheet quiz comparing similes metaphors study com and worksheets.
metaphors and similes explain the meaning free simile metaphor worksheets for 5th grade figurative language.
worksheets figurative language printable simile grade 5 and metaphor worksheet year works.
similes and metaphors worksheets on teaching simile metaphor personification worksheet 5th grade clouds for.
simile worksheet images figurative language idioms similes metaphors review worksheets grade metaphor metap.
change the simile to a metaphor worksheet activity sheet smile e 1 free and worksheets for 5th grade.
simile metaphor personification worksheet grade worksheets for and 5th pdf pe.
image grade similes and metaphors worksheet simile metaphor worksheets 5th pdf.
identifying similes and metaphors worksheet worksheets for all image below of 2 simile.
medium size of worksheet simile and metaphor grade fishing for figurative language answers worksheets 5th pdf wo.
metaphor worksheet elegant simile and related post unique best images on of personification 5th grade simi.
simile and metaphor worksheets similes or metaphors worksheet personification grade year 7 download them try to solve making.
worksheets metaphors worksheet year 5 metaphor simile personification grade works.
new personification worksheets grade free lovely idioms easy simile metaphor worksheet activities metaph.
kids simile worksheets activities grade and metaphor worksheet similes metaphors personification with answers 5th work.
simile metaphor personification hyperbole worksheet worksheets grade 6 printable and 5th gra.
similes and metaphors worksheet intermediate board image below grade language arts worksheets of simile metaphor personification workshee.
simile metaphor worksheet awesome best ideas grade and worksheets for image below similes metaphors of.
whats a metaphor lesson plan metaphors worksheet year 5 simile worksheets 5th grade.
warm up to metaphors worksheets on simile metaphor grade 5th metapho.
worksheets simile metaphor personification hyperbole worksheet free grade 5th.
simile and metaphor worksheet similes metaphors amp grade 9 image below of 3 worksheets.
worksheets simile metaphor worksheet high school and figurative literal language lesson planet personification hyperbole rksheet rksheets.
worksheet simile metaphor worksheets the best image collection download grade hyperbole unique personification on and free for 5th g.
similes and metaphors worksheets beginner intermediate metaphor worksheet for kids simile quiz 5th grade free library download print on.
free simile worksheets and metaphor worksheet awesome 1 poetry in music lyrics metaphors similes stock meta.
worksheets of simile and metaphor related post worksheet elegant all similes metaphors 5th.


text:
Select the product you need help with
- Internet Explorer
- Windows Phone
- More products
Description of the way that Excel saves files
Article ID: 814068 - View products that this article applies to.
When you save an existing file in Excel, Excel creates a temporary file in the destination folder that you specify in the Save As dialog box. The temporary file contains the whole contents of your workbook. If Excel successfully saves the temporary file, the temporary file is renamed with the file name you specify in the Save As dialog box.
This process of saving files makes sure that the original file is not damaged. The original file is useful if the save operation is not successful.
When Excel saves a file, Excel follow these steps:
Important Points About Saving
Additional InformationFor additional information, click the following article numbers to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(_URL_ )You receive an error message when you try to save a file in Excel
(_URL_ )Description of the AutoRecover functions in Excel 2002
(_URL_ )XL2002: How to Recover a Lost Worksheet or Lost Version of a Worksheet
Article ID: 814068 - Last Review: September 19, 2011 - Revision: 6.0


text:
Hey everyone, welcome to our recipe site, If you're looking for recipes idea to cook today, look no further! We provide you only the best Japanese Curry chicken recipe here. We also have wide variety of recipes to try.
Before you jump to Japanese Curry chicken recipe, you may want to read this short interesting healthy tips about Make Healthy Eating A Part of Your Life.
Healthy eating is today a great deal more popular than it used to be and rightfully so. There are a number of diseases associated with a poor diet and there is a cost to the overall economy as people suffer from diseases such as heart disease and hypertension. There are more and more campaigns to try to get people to adopt a healthier way of living and yet it is also easier than ever to rely on fast, convenient food that is often bad for our health. Most people typically assume that healthy diets demand a lot of work and will significantly alter the way they live and eat. In reality, though, just making some small changes can positively impact daily eating habits.
The first change you can make is to pay more attention to what you purchase when you shop for food as it is likely that you tend to pick up many of the things without thinking. For example, has it crossed your mind to check how much sugar and salt are in your favorite cereal? A great healthy option can be porridge oats which have been shown to be good for your heart and can give you good sustainable energy at the start of the day. You don't like eating oatmeal on its own, you can easily mix in fresh fruits that can supply you with other healthy nutrients and as such, one small change to your diet has been achieved.
As you can see, it's not at all hard to start integrating healthy eating into your daily routine.
We hope you got benefit from reading it, now let's go back to japanese curry chicken recipe. You can cook japanese curry chicken using 7 ingredients and 8 steps. Here is how you do that.
The ingredients needed to cook Japanese Curry chicken:
- Provide 1 of carrot (small).
- Prepare 1/2 of onion (medium).
- Prepare 1-2 of chicken filet.
- You need 1 of potato.
- Prepare 1 of chili.
- Prepare 3-4 of garlic.
- You need 1 pack of S&B curry sauce mix.
Instructions to make Japanese Curry chicken:
- Chopped the carrot and potato in cube.
- Chopped the onion, garlic and chili.
- Prepare the chicken filet with salt, sugar, pepper and cooking wine.
- Stir fried with garlic and chili in hot oil, and onion after the garlic turns gold.
- Stir fried the chicken for 2 minutes, and put aside (to avoid over cooking).
- Put the carrot and potato and keeps stir fried, put back the chicken into the pan and add 500 ml water. Turn to the smallest fire after the water boiled. (Some soy sauce may added, if you like a bit more salty taste..
- After 15-20 minutes, turn off the fire. Put the curry (chopped into smaller cubes first) into the pan and keeps stirring until it is totally melted..
- Turn on the fire to the smallest one and keep stirring for 5-6 minutes..
If you find this Japanese Curry chicken recipe helpful please share it to your friends or family, thank you and good luck.


text:
Visiting the gallery
This gallery is home to some of the most famous works of art from ancient Egypt: the tomb chapel of Nebamun.
Dating back to about 1350 BC, these are wall paintings from the tomb chapel of a wealthy Egyptian official called Nebamun. Following a 10-year period of conservation and research, the paintings are now on display together. They give the impression of what would have been experienced by the ancient visitors to the tomb chapel from the west bank of the Nile, Luxor, formerly Thebes.
The wall paintings from Nebamun's tomb chapel show an idealised vision of daily ancient Egyptian life. The objects on display here, which are more or less from the same time period, hint at the actual experience of living in Egypt for both the rich and poor.
Take a virtual tour
Take a closer look at the display cases in Room 61 to see everyday objects relating to fashion, beauty, leisure and work, then compare them to what you see on the wall paintings from Nebamun's tomb chapel.
- The wall paintings from Nebamun's tomb chapel show an idealised vision of daily ancient Egyptian life. The objects on display in Room 61, which are more or less from the same time period, hint at the actual experience of living in Egypt for both the rich and poor.
- Many of the objects in this gallery belonged to the wealthy and survived only because they were buried in tombs. They provide a glimpse of these people's lavish lifestyles.
- Much less is known about the lives of most of society. The study of human remains in poor cemeteries is often the only way of learning about the short lives of most ancient Egyptians.
- Nebamun's tomb chapel was a place for people to come and commemorate Nebamun and his wife after his death with prayers and offerings. Nebamun himself was buried somewhere beneath the floor of the innermost room of the tomb chapel in a hidden burial chamber.
- The beautiful paintings, which decorated the wall, not only showed how Nebamun wanted his life to be remembered but what he wanted his life to be in the afterlife.
- Building a tomb chapel was expensive and would have only been done by the wealthy. Most ancient Egyptians would have been buried in simple graves.


text: We investigate the migration of two giant planets embedded in a proto-stellar disk. The inner planet(initially located at R10=1) is of 1 Jupiter mass and the outer one(R20=1.5) is of 1 Saturn mass. We find that due to the existence of the inner massive planet, the outer planet can not open a clear gap. Instead of an inward migration and being captured by the mean motion resonance of the inner planet, the outer planet undergoes an outward runaway migration. We conclude that this runaway migration is caused by the co-rotation torque in the co-orbital region of the outer planet and sustained by the wave(flow) driven by the inner massive planet.


text:
Talking to the Lights with Natural Language Control
Natural Language Control's objective is to provide an intuitive programming experience and a versatile control system that when played back can actually provide the operator information about the system it is controlling. Natural Language Control does this by porting the control to an 'abstract' layer. This has a number of benefits:
- The 'handles' you use to control LEDs and moving lights are more inline with what you would do to manipulate white light.
- The numbers and 'words' you use to build cues will actually mean something. You will have an idea of what you can do with the lights and what is on stage by reading the display.
- If you have mixed equipment, the methodology you use to communicate is consistent regardless of the protocols defined by the equipment manufacturers. The attribute controls are laid out the same for every and any light.
- Building a set of looks with one group of lights in your rig can be copied to another groups, regardless of what type of lights they are.
- The cues you have in your show file can be played back with any equipment allowing you to swap out gear at the last minute if need be.


text:
Accounting Information Gathering System for Grid Environment
Grid computing represents the fundamental computing shift from a localized resource computing model to a fully-distributed virtual organization with shared resources. Accounting is one of the main obstacles to widespread adoption of the grid. Accounting has until recently, been a sparsely-addressed problem, particularly in practice. In this paper, we design and implement the accounting information gathering system. Implemented system is based on OGSA, following GSAX framework of RUS-WG in GGF. And the schema of gathered and serviced accounting information is following Usage Record Fields of UR-WG in GGF. Also, the accounting information integrating and monitoring tool for system management in the grid environment are implemented.


text:
Participatory Video created by members of various indigenous communities in Itogon, Philippines, tracking the impacts of large-scale mining and now climate change on their environment and culture.
This film was created by members of various indigenous communities in the Cordillera region of the Philippines, during a Participatory Video project facilitated by InsightShare. The participants were taught to use video cameras during an intensive 9-day PV workshop in the barangay of Garrison, in Itogon, and created this 24-minute film to communicate the devastating impacts of large-scale mining wrought on their communities by various companies over the years, and now the increasingly alarming impacts of climate change.
This project was part of Conversations with the Earth project. Launched in April 2009, Conversations with the Earth is a collective opportunity to build a global movement for an indigenous-controlled community media network. CWE works with a growing network of indigenous groups and communities living in critical ecosystems around the world, from the Atlantic Rainforest to Central Asia, from the Philippines to the Andes, from the Arctic to Ethiopia. Through CWE, these indigenous communities are able to share their story of climate change. Through the creation of sustainable autonomous indigenous media hubs in these regions, CWE fosters a long-term relationship with these communities, based on principles of local control and supporting indigenous media capacity.


text:
view a plan
This idea is on "Radio Stars" and involves the students Acting as Radio Personalities
Music, Social Studies
6, 7, 8, 9
Title – Radio Stars
By – Joan M Diez
Subject – Social Studies, Music
Grade Level – Grades 6-9
My students love listening to music, so I decided to give them the chance to play the role of professional disc jockeys at our very own "radio station" for a day. They all worked hard and enjoyed every minute so…what else could we teachers wish for?
Here's what we did, in case you want to try this out with your class:
Ask your students to write the following information on a card:
– The name of their favorite singer/band and the title of the latter's best album ever.
– The titles of 2 great songs from the chosen album.
Now the students should write a few sentences on the above (including a general comment on the singer/s and the record, as well as a brief comment on each of the songs.)
And now…get ready for the most exciting part! Choose an interesting name for your "radio station" and have the students read their paragraphs out and aloud while you record their performances on tape. You should have the songs at hand in order to play them at the right time. Make sure your students give their speech the right emphasis…or their "listeners" will fall asleep! If necessary, help with vocabulary (a few colloquial expressions and a bit of slang might work here…up to you entirely!)
When you are done, play the tape for everybody to enjoy.
E-Mail Joan!


text:
On this page:
Definition of the noun Abyssianiridae
What does Abyssianiridae mean as a name of something?
Abyssianiridae is a family of Isopoda.
- synonym: family Abyssianiridae
- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Arthropoda
- class: Malacostraca
- order: Isopoda
- family: Paramunnidae
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Abyssianiridae
Click on a label to prioritize search results according to that topic:
Scrabble value of A1B3Y4S1S1I1A1N1I1R1I1D2A1E1
The value of this 14-letter word is 20 points, but it's not an accepted word in the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary.
Share this page
Go to the thesaurus of Abyssianiridae to find many related words and phrases!