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Is there a specific difference in performance between an OS installed on a Virtual Box and an OS installed locally on a computer?
Is there any formula so that I could know what is lost when you install an OS in a virtual box.
For example, if you assigned 512Mb of memory in a virtual box os. But it is actually 256Mb when compared to its performance when it is installed locally.
Please, I need the information because we're making a comparative analysis on operating systems. And I can't just install Sabayon Linux, it might ruin the 3 other os that I have already installed.
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2 Answers 2
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Given the number of variables involved (everything from caching efficiency to what programs are running your host OS) it is practically impossible to know the exact difference theoretically. However, I would do the following to determine this experimentally without affecting my current install;
 1. Purchase an identical harddrive to what you currently have installed in your computer.
 2. Remove the current harddrive you have so you don't mess up any of your currently installed stuff.
 3. Install the OS's that you are analyzing to that harddrive -- note, they MUST not be installed in different partitions and the drive should be zero'd between changing the operating systems (this more closely simulates how it might look under virtual box -- i.e. a fresh drive).
 4. Perform your benchmarking for each OS
 5. Put your old harddrive back in
 6. Fire up VirtualBox and install each OS, perform your benchmarking for each OS.
 - If you are trying to do a high-quality comparative analysis, you HAVE to do the comparison from each individual OS ON the hardware.
 - Make sure you pick a good set of benchmarking software that doesn't bias toward one thing or another to heavily. And if you do bias toward something heavily (RAM usage perhaps?) make sure you get enough samples that the aggregate data is meaningful.
 - Ensure the software running on your host os is the same AND minimal during your benchmarking process for each OS you sample
 - I would recommend defragging your harddrive between installs of the OS's under virtualbox, this will help ensure the virtual disk will be more contiguous on disk
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There is, actually, a specific difference.
In a virtual machine, the hardware that the OS thinks it's running on is not real.
Whereas in a local, bare-metal OS, the hardware that the OS thinks it's running is, by and large, actually physically present.
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ahh, this is not very accurate. CPU, RAM, hard disk is all very REAL, network controllers, graphics and sound are emulated. – Molly7244 Feb 20 '10 at 3:31
hard disk is definitely not real, actually; while some VMs can present raw disk access to their guest OS, running a guest on a virtual HDD (eg /my/VMs/foo.vdi) is very common. – quack quixote Feb 20 '10 at 3:50
while a container is used, the action certainly happens for real on your HDD and if your disk is noisy enough might be able to hear it actually :P – Molly7244 Feb 20 '10 at 3:59
one could say the same about any emulation -- even though the graphics is emulated, the VM desktop still shows up on my monitor; even though the sound is emulated, the VM media player still plays thru my speakers. doesn't change the fact that my guest OS thinks it has a VBOX HDD and is displaying to an "Innotek...VirtualBox Graphics Adapter". – quack quixote Feb 20 '10 at 4:24
_USER_ - i'm sorry, my comment was not using "emulation" in the technical sense described by those documents, and you're right, by that definition VirtualBox is not an emulator. i was referring to the fact that the guest OS sees virtual hardware instead of real hardware in most places. yes, the CPU runs the guest OS code natively (though even CPU features available to the guest can be restricted, eg number of cores). on my testbed VirtualBox guest, the CPU (and possibly RAM, not sure) is the only real hardware the guest knows about -- everything else is virtual/emulated/fake. – quack quixote Feb 20 '10 at 12:34
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This project addresses the dual issues of disability and transferable skills in the teaching of archaeological fieldwork. It will increase awareness of disability issues in Archaeology and improve the integration of disability in fieldwork teaching.
The emphasis is on the development of a self-evaluation tool kit for physical and psychological abilities in fieldwork. This tool will increase students' awareness of their acquisition of transferable skills and promote careers management skills.
The project involved archaeologists working closely with specialists in Inclusive Environments to characterise the skills needed in archaeological fieldwork. In addition to engaging with teachers of undergraduate archaeology nationally, the project actively involved the Council for British Archaeology (CBA), the Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA), English Heritage and Oxford Archaeology. The project has the potential to widen participation by challenging the stereotype of archaeology as a field discipline that may exclude disabled participants. It aims to effect a change of emphasis from 'disability' to ability: rather than excluding or categorising individuals, students will be engaged actively in assessing their own skills.
Using examples of good practice reported by the subject providers and students, and the results of the project, a guide to 'Including Disabled Students and Self-Evaluation in Archaeological Fieldwork Training' was also produced. The guide includes sections on:
- Models of disability
- The work of the Inclusive, Accessible, Archaeology project
- Making archaeological fieldwork training inclusive
- Making archaeological field trips inclusive
- Making archaeological excavations accessible to visitors
- Links to useful information.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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you want to show off North American plants. Landscape tree: Add color to an otherwise empty yard with the beautiful sourwood tree. Beekeeping: Beekeepers often express interest in this tree, as the bees use the sourwood tree's nectar to produce rich honey. Sourwood Tree Might be a Small Tree, But It Has a Big, Beautiful Presence The sourwood tree trunk is slender, approximately eight to twelve inches in diameter, which is well-proportioned when considering the shorter height. The bark is dark gray with attractive light scaling. Sourwood tree leaves are dark green, slightly glossy, and shaped like an elongated oval. The leaf has a slightly toothy edge. In the autumn, they generally turn crimson, burgundy, or purple. The essential oils of the leaves are sour tasting, lending the tree its common name. Sourwood tree flowers are a creamy white color and bell-shaped. They are similar to lily of the valley flowers, providing an alternate common name. The flowers droop from the stem and have a pleasant, sweet fragrance. They bloom during mid-summer. Order Your Sourwood Tree From TN Nursery Today The sourwood tree is lovely and will only overshadow a little space. It's perfect for a small yard or as a tree to create a small shade garden. Order yours from TN Nursery today.
Beech Tree (Fabus grandifolia) Beech Tree: Fabus grandifolia, the beech tree, is a handsome tree native to North America. The beech tree originated in the hardwood forests of the eastern seaboard and became a favorite across most USDA growing zones. Today, you will find it flourishing from the woods of Maine to northern Florida and west as far as Oklahoma and across Texas to the Mexican border. Besides the name beech tree, you might hear these other nicknames for this lovely species: American Beech Beechnut Tree Red Beech Ridge Beech White Beech Beech Tree Care Requirements As a forest native, the beech tree prefers full sun to a partially shaded spot in your yard. It also loves rich, woodsy soil and sufficient moisture without overwatering. The beech tree requires little to no care once it establishes its roots and can exist on minimal rainfall. But at first, you would do well to amend the soil with hardwood mulch and give it about an inch of water each week. After it matures, the beech tree is drought-tolerant, heat-tolerant, cold-tolerant, and disease-resistant. The Grand Good Looks of the American Beech Tree The beech tree is a medium-height tree with a mature height of sixty to eighty feet wide and a canopy measuring forty to sixty feet across. The crown forms an attractive domed shape. The trunk can reach as much as three feet in diameter and has a relatively smooth, attractive gray bark. The oblong leaves of the beech tree alternate on the zig-zag stems. They measure up to five inches long and two or three inches wide. They have toothy margins and tend to cluster towards the tips of the branches. The leaves are deep green and glossy on the top and lighter green on the bottom. The tree has tiny yellow flowers that bloom in the spring and produce the famous edible beech nut. Order Your Beech Tree From TN Nursery Today TN Nursery offers the American beech tree, a native species that grows across almost the entire country. Please place your order with us today.
River Birch Tree$26.99
River Birch Tree (Betula nigra) River Birch: Betula nigra, or the river birch, is a medium-sized, easy-growing, multi-trunked tree that is a native species to the central, eastern, and southern United States. They flourish across the warmer USDA growing zones. They prefer a hot and humid summer climate and consistently moist soil. However, they will also tolerate short dry spells. If you face that challenge, your river birch tree would appreciate a nice drink from a soaker hose. In nature, it grows along river beds and in fertile flood plains. Try to recreate those conditions when you plant your river birch. So find a partially sunny spot and add a generous scoop of peat moss, mulch, or compost to promote vigorous root growth. The river birch makes a gorgeous addition to your water garden, pond, or near streams on your property. Some Additional Names for Betula nigra Besides river birch, here are some other familiar names you may hear to describe this species: Black Birch Red Birch Weeping River Birch Water Birch The Graceful Beauty of the River Birch Tree The river birch is a beautiful and graceful species with a multi-trunked, oval formation. The crown is rounded, well-shaped, and pleasing to the eye. The bark of the trunk and branches is silvery-gray to light brown and smooth on younger trees. As the river birch matures, the bark exfoliates in papery strips, which adds an interesting textural element. River birch leaves are generally two to four inches long and under three inches wide. They alternate on the stems, are oval-shaped with a distinct point, and have visible veins. In the earliest weeks of spring, the river birch produces light green, three-inch, cylinder-shaped flowers. Order Your River Birch Tree From TN Nursery TN Nursery proudly produces some of the most robust river birch trees. We dig each plant fresh and ship it quickly to ensure plant health--please place your order today.
Elm Tree American Elm Tree: Ulmus americana is a Large, Tall, Flowering Tree. This Tree is a North American Native with a USDA hardy zone designation of 2 – 9. The Tree's habitat stretches from Florida to Newfoundland west to North Dakota and Texas. It is a tree primarily found in wetlands or other moist sites. The Tree can increase and can reach a height of 80 to 130 feet, with a width of around 60 and 120 feet. The top portion of this Tree has a vase-shaped, symmetrical crown with spreading branches adorning it. Buyers have the luxury of selecting from various available canopy sizes to suit their particular shading needs. The bark of this Tree is a dark grayish-brown color and contains broad ridges with diamond-shaped fissures. American Elm is Well Tolerant and Drought Resistant to Shade, Street, and Lawn Tree Each leaf has about 15 pairs of veins, with the two sides of the leaf's base being noticeably uneven. The leaf's surface is green and usually smooth, while the undersides are paler and downy. These leaves typically turn into a light yellowish color in the fall. Although not noticeable to people, these tiny flowers attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. Seed pods form as light-green wafer-like pockets, turning into a pale tan color. The Tree prefers the sun and is a long-lived, hardy tree. These Elm trees are tolerant of drought and urban conditions and do not have a high maintenance cost. They adapt quickly to extremes in soil PH, including moisture, heat, and wind tolerance. Buy here online, Tree. It is a tall tree that yields flowers during the Spring and ample foliage in the Summer and Fall months. When the Tree reaches full maturity, its maximum height can be as tall as 130 feet, but more commonly seen are maximum heights ranging between 60 to 80 feet. This Tree is best grown in USDA Growing 2-9 and reaches a maximum spread of up to 70 feet in peak growth conditions. Its first blooming period occurs between the mid-to-late Spring months of March and April. Blooms of the Tree are noted for their distinctive red-green tinge. The Tree is very well-tolerant to a wide variety of environmental conditions and is well-known for its ability to stay healthy during droughts. The Tree grows best with direct exposure to sunlight, though it is well-adapted to partially shaded conditions. Furthermore, the Tree is well-adapted to wet and dry growing conditions and is also frequently grown in urban environments. Leaves are commonly elliptical and reach full maturity between April in May. The Tree can be used as a shade, street, and lawn tree. American Elm is For Sale at TN Wholesale Nursery with Low Prices and Fast Shipping
White Hibiscus Syriacus White Hibiscus Syriacus is a glorious species and wildly popular among TN Nursery customers. White Hibiscus Syriacus can reach approximately twelve feet tall and become eight feet wide. The lovely, angelic white blossoms are perfect for attracting pollinators to your garden or as a focal piece in any garden bed. The White Hibiscus Syriacus is native to Asia--the South China Sea region. However, it performs beautifully in North America's moderate USDA growing zones. It's an easy-care plant, unconcerned about soil conditions. Indeed, it thrives in several growing mediums, including rocky soil, sand, or clay. All it requires is a place in the garden with adequate drainage. Gardeners who often have water restrictions love this flowering shrub because it is resilient against drought. You can water it occasionally during a dry spell--it will recover quickly. Other Well-Known Names for the White Hibiscus Syriacus Shrubs The hibiscus shrub, whether referring to white or any other colors in the family, also carries other common names, including these: Hibiscus White Cashmere Rose of China Shrub Althea Rose-of-Sharon Rose of Sharon Don't let the nicknames fool you--hibiscus shrubs are no relation to standard garden roses. White Hibiscus Syriacus Will Attract Helpful Visitors to Your Backyard The bright white petals and slightly cupped shape beckon bumblebees, hummingbirds, moths, and butterflies to your white hibiscus syriacus. In addition to pollinator species, ground-feeding birds love the lush green foliage. It makes a perfect hiding place for their nests, as they will

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Hummus with olive oil
|Place of origin||Egypt, Levant|
|Main ingredient(s)||Chickpeas, tahini|
Hummus (Arabic: حُمُّص) is a Middle Eastern and Arabic food dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic. Today, it is popular throughout the Middle East, Turkey, North Africa, Morocco, and in Middle Eastern cuisine around the globe.
Hummus is an Arabic word (حمّص ḥummuṣ) meaning "chickpeas," and the complete name of the prepared spread in Arabic is حمّص بطحينة ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna, which means "chickpeas with tahini". Spellings of the word in English can be inconsistent. "Houmous" is the standard spelling in British English. Among other spellings are hummus, hummous, hommos, humos, hommus and hoummos.
Many cuisine-related sources describe hummus as an ancient food, or connect it to famous historical figures such as Saladin. Indeed, its basic ingredients—chickpeas, sesame, lemon, and garlic—have been eaten in the region for millennia.
But in fact, there is no specific evidence for this purported ancient history of hummus bi tahini. Though chickpeas were widely eaten in the region, and they were often cooked in stews and other hot dishes, puréed chickpeas eaten cold with tahini do not appear before the Abbasid period in Egypt and the Levant.
The earliest known recipes for a dish similar to hummus bi tahini are recorded in cookbooks published in Cairo in the 13th century. A cold purée of chickpeas with vinegar and pickled lemons with herbs, spices, and oil, but no tahini or garlic, appears in the Kitāb al-Wusla ilā l-habīb fī wasf al-tayyibāt wa-l-tīb; and a purée of chickpeas and tahini called hummus kasa appears in the Kitab Wasf al-Atima al-Mutada: it is based on puréed chickpeas and tahini, and acidulated with vinegar (though not lemon), but it also contains many spices, herbs, and nuts, and no garlic. It is also served by rolling it out and letting it sit overnight, which presumably gives it a very different texture from hummus bi tahini.
|Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)|
|Energy||695 kJ (166 kcal)|
|Percentages are relative to
US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
Hummus is high in iron and vitamin C and also has significant amounts of folate and vitamin B6. The chickpeas are a good source of protein and dietary fiber; the tahini consists mostly of sesame seeds, which are an excellent source of the amino acid methionine, complementing the proteins in the chickpeas. Depending on the recipe, hummus carries varying amounts of monounsaturated fat. Hummus is useful in vegetarian and vegan diets; like other combinations of grains and pulses, it serves as a complete protein when eaten with bread.
As an appetizer and dip, hummus is scooped with flatbread, such as pita. It is also served as part of a meze or as an accompaniment to falafel, grilled chicken, fish or eggplant. Garnishes include chopped tomato, cucumber, coriander, parsley, caramelized onions, sautéed mushrooms, whole chickpeas, olive oil, hard-boiled eggs, paprika, sumac, ful, olives, pickles and pine nuts (as photographed in the "History" section). Outside the Middle East, it is sometimes served with tortilla chips or crackers.
In Vegetarian Dishes from the Middle East, Arto der Haroutunian calls hummus, "One of the most popular and best-known of all Syrian dishes" and a "must on any mezzeh table." Syrians in Canada's Arab diaspora prepare and consume hummus along with other dishes like falafel, kibbe and tabouleh, even among the third and fourth-generation offspring of the original immigrants.
Hummus is a common part of everyday meals in Israel. A significant reason for the popularity of hummus in Israel is the fact that it is made from ingredients that, following Kashrut (Jewish dietary laws), can be combined with both meat and dairy meals. Few other foods can be combined with a wide variety of meals consistently with the dietary laws. It is seen as almost equally popular amongst Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs. As a result of its popularity, Israelis elevated hummus to become a "national food symbol" and consume more than twice as much hummus as neighbouring Arab countries, according to figures by Tsabar Salads, a hummus manufacturer in Israel. Commenting on its popularity, Gil Hovav, an Israeli food editor interviewed on the BBC program Cooking in the Danger Zone, stated that "even during the intifada years Jews would sneak [...] into the Muslim quarter just to have a vital, really genuine good humous [sic]," and noted that like many dishes considered to be Israeli national foods, hummus is actually Arab. However, he also said, commenting on Iraqi, Egyptian, Syrian or Yemeni food in Israel, that "Jews came from these countries to Israel and they brought their food with them". Many restaurants run by Mizrahi Jews and Arab citizens of Israel are dedicated to hot hummus, which may be served as chick peas softened with baking soda along with garlic, olive oil, cumin and tahini. One of the fancier hummus versions available is hummus masabacha, made with lemon-spiked tahini garnished with whole chick peas, a sprinkling of paprika and a drizzle of olive oil. Hummus is sold in restaurants, supermarkets and hummus-only shops (known in Hebrew as humusiot).
For Palestinians, hummus has long been a staple food, often served warm, with bread, for breakfast, lunch or dinner. All of the ingredients in hummus are easily found in Palestinian gardens, farms and markets, thus adding to the availability and popularity of the dish. In Palestinian areas, hummus is usually garnished, with olive oil, "nana" mint leaves, paprika, parsley or cumin. A related dish popular in the region of Palestine and Jordan is laban ma' hummus ("yogurt and chickpeas"), which uses yogurt in the place of tahini and butter in the place of olive oil and is topped with pieces of toasted bread.
By the end of the 20th century, hummus had emerged as part of the American culinary fabric. In 2008, more than fifteen million Americans consumed hummus on a regular basis. Hummus became a popular staple in American restaurants with the Armenian migration from Lebanon to Southern California and the East Coast after the Lebanese Civil War (_PHONE_). It was further popularized in the United States by Jews returning from visits in Israel and by Israeli expatriates.
According to a 2010 market research, hummus consumption in the United States has increased by 35% over a period of 21 months, with sales reaching nearly $300 million. In 2006, hummus was present in 12% of American households, rising to 17% by early 2009. One commentator attributed the growth of Hummus to America's embrace of ethnic foods, and to experimentation with exotic foods.
In November 2009, Gadi Lesin, President & CEO of the Israeli Strauss group food manufacturer said that market share of co-owned Sabra Dipping Company in the USA makes it the largest packaged hummus dip manufacturer in the world.
In October 2008, the Association of Lebanese Industrialists petitioned to the Lebanese Ministry of Economy and Trade to request protected status from the European Commission for hummus as a uniquely Lebanese food, similar to the Protected Geographical Status rights held over regional food items by various European Union countries.
Fadi Abboud, president of the Lebanese Industrialists Association, stated that "Israelis have usurped several Lebanese and oriental products". According to Abboud, Lebanon exported the first hummus dish in 1959.
As a response, food critic Janna Gur wrote: "The success of certain brands of Israeli hummus abroad may have been what brought about Abboud's anger", leading him to claim that Israel has been "stealing" their country's national dishes, like hummus, falafel, tabbouleh, and baba ghanouj.
Also in response to Abboud's statement, Shooky Galili, an Israeli journalist specialising in food and who writes a blog dedicated to hummus, said that "trying to make a copyright claim over hummus is like claiming for the rights to bread or wine. [...] Hummus is a centuries old Arab dish — nobody owns it, it belongs to the region".
As of late 2009, the Lebanese Industrialists Association was still "preparing documents and proof" to support its claim.
In May 2010, the Guinness World Record for the largest dish of hummus in the world returned to Lebanon. The winning dish, cooked by 300 cooks in the village of al-Fanar, near Beirut, weighed approximately 10450 kg (roughly 23000 lb), more than double the previous record set by 50 Israeli Arabs and Jews who cooked approximately

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Stymied by persistent rain, the authorities in Texas searched in vain for three children swept away by floods during weekend storms that killed 14 people.
Flooding hit nearly a fourth of the state, or 60 counties, the authorities said. Thousands of people were forced to evacuate their homes. The worst damage occurred along a hilly, 90-mile stretch of Central Texas. As officials prepared disaster-relief requests for the Federal Government, the continuing rain hampered efforts to assess its cost. Article, page A16.Continue reading the main story


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Young people across Bristol have been reassured that their streets, parks and schools are safe, and that the chances of being caught up in knife crime are very, very small.
That was the message given to teenagers from around the city at the West of England's second annual Schools Summit, where city leaders and those working to tackle the issue told them that while it was understandable to feel afraid, they should not let that fear change their lives.
One teenager told Bristol Live the recent spate of stabbings in Bristol made her and her friends think twice about what they do outside of school. West of England metro mayor Dan Norris acknowledged that young people were becoming 'very affected' by the recent events.
Hundreds of young people from across the city came to Ashton Gate for the summit, which saw a huge range of organisations, groups, colleges and companies engage with young people to talk about opportunities in their futures.
It was the second such event organised by the metro mayor's office, and part of the day saw young people learn how to use bleed kits, which have been championed in Bristol by community worker Leanne Reynolds. She first took up the task of trying to get the kits to become as widespread and familiar as on-street defibrillators, following the fatal stabbing of Dontae Davis back in 2021.
Leanne undertook training sessions with the young people, and talked to more organisations about installing bleed kits around the city, something which was backed by Mr Norris.
"Part of the school summit is about listening to young people before they reach voting age, and obviously they have been very affected by all of the reports of instances of stabbings in our region over the last couple of years and particularly of late," said the metro mayor.
"So the bleed kits are an unfortunate thing that we have to be talking about and having, but it's something that young people are comfortable with, because they are worried. I actually tell them quite genuinely that the chance of them being injured or harmed by knives is very very low still, but it's on their minds, understandably, and it's affecting their behaviour.
"They are not going out so much, they are not meeting their friends in the same way, and the bleed kits is sort of a response to that to say 'well, look, we recognise how you feel. This is a practical way of dealing with an absolutely catastrophic bleeding situation, but actually the chance of that is not very high'.
Want the latest Bristol breaking news and top stories first? Click here to join our WhatsApp group. We also treat our community members to special offers, promotions, and adverts from us and our partners. If you don't like our community, you can check out any time you like. If you're curious, you can read our Privacy Notice.
"So it's just trying to reassure young people that it's not as worrying as they feel it is, but while listening to their fears too," he added.
Leanne Reynolds told Bristol Live young people she had met across the city as part of her campaign had told her how the fatal stabbings of young people in Bristol had affected them. "Young people have expressed concerns about walking home, changing the way that they are walking home, ensuring that they are in their house and that they feel safe," she said. "And if they are going out, they tend to go out in pairs, they don't want to go out in big groups to attract attention, or they are out with their peers so they feel more safe.
"It's sad. I've tried to reiterate sometimes the city does feel unsafe, but most of this is involving people with other issues going on, so it doesn't affect the majority of children, who are safe. They go to and from school and they go home. But there is going to be a little minority that are into other things and that is putting themselves at risk," she added.
The summit ended with a speech from Leanne, who told the young people directly not to let any fear change their lives. "I don't want any young people to go away from here thinking these bleed kits are for knife crime. We know there is serious violence in our city. It is being tackled by everyone, with partnership working.
"You are safe, and the majority of you can go to school and go about your daily business and feel safe, and I want you to feel safe. These kits are going out into our communities, for catastrophic bleed. So it could be an accident, it could be a road traffic accident, it could be an incident.
"You'll potentially see these kits in your communities and you'll see them in your schools. It doesn't mean the school has high violence, or there's knives going into your school, because they are most probably not in there," she added.
One teenager at the summit was Genevieve Pickles, 14, from Cotham School. She said the training to use the bleed kits was good, but acknowledged the recent fatal stabbings had affected her and her friends. "We feel more unsafe, because you can't really get away from it, because in all areas of Bristol something has happened," she said.
"It feels like it's everywhere, which can be scary at times, especially when you have to change your patterns of where you go, sort of avoid various areas, especially at night, we're definitely thinking about it.
"A couple of months ago, if I was walking home from the park at night it would be fine, but now I'm ringing my friends and telling them where I am. Not because I know something is going to happen, but that I know that I should do that, just in case, because the chances are actually quite high nowadays," she added.
Together For Change Aims
Set up a task force - We will develop a community-driven task force to meet and discuss the issue, how best to tackle it and how we can make a real difference with those in power.
Getting knives off the street - We will work with the campaigners to raise awareness of initiatives designed to get knives off the streets.
Social media - We will look at the Online Safety Bill and see if it goes far enough where it comes to harmful knife-related content on social media and how easy it is for children to see.
Raise awareness - We will work together to raise the awareness of how knife crime is linked to poverty, education, employment, social exclusion and the collapse in youth services
Lobby the government -We will cover the issue in the context of the General Election, using our findings from the taskforce and our reporting to lobby for change
Hold power to account - We will scrutinise and hold Avon and Somerset Police and Bristol City Council to account on their plans and models to make Bristol safer


Friend or foe: how to build respect for wildlife, not fear
A powerful photo is on the Calgary Herald's website this week, after one of their photographers snapped a group of tourists getting far too close to a mule deer in Banff.
The Herald spoke with a WildSmart coordinator from Bow Valley, who summed up why crowding a deer in the town would be a bad idea.
"They're big giant animals with big giant antlers," Tyler McCluretold The Herald."They could do a lot of damage."
McClure noted that the ungulates are used to having people around, so will walk through the town "nonchalantly." But that doesn't mean they should be approached.
In fact, it is outright dangerous. As McClure said, these are often large animals who, when they want or need to, will not hesitate to knock over a few bipeds to get where they're going. With some animals like squirrels or raccoons, that danger isn't so easy to see. With others, like bears or coyotes, one would think it'd be obvious.
But where's the line between educating people to respect wildlife, and using fear to force them to respect animals?
Fear is a powerful entity; the threat or idea of potential bodily harm can drastically alter someone's actions. It could play a significant role in preventing such dangerous situations as people approaching wildlife in Banff. But that same fear is what leads to mass culls of animals, the slaughter of wildlife families.
Teaching safe, compassionate wildlife viewing to tourists and some residents may take time and patience. If we want the conversation about respecting wildlife to end well, we need to start it with respect, too.
Politely remind visitors, friends, and family not to feed wild animals, or interact with them inappropriately. The animals have learned to live among us, we must now learn to live among them.
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Using the Lagrangian to obtain Equations of Motion
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Using the Lagrangian to obtain Equations of Motion
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In Section 1.5 of the textbook, Zak introduces the Lagrangian L = K − U , which is the diﬀerence between the kinetic and potential energy of the system. He then proceeds to obtain the Lagrange equations of motion in Cartesian coordinates for a point mass subject to conservative forces, namely, d dt ∂L ∂ xi ˙ − ∂L = 0 i = 1, 2, 3. ∂xi (1)
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Nội dung Text: Using the Lagrangian to obtain Equations of Motion
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Saturday, January 28, 2006
Sentence Structure in Mathematical Poetry
Here is a detail of the equation from above
Today I would like to share part of a conversation I had with Gregory Vincent St. Thomasino dated December 2, 2005 …
Gregory Vincent St. Thomasino said:
You have to find the analogy between math and the grammar of the sentence, and make your "math" work within that grammar.
Kaz Maslanka said:
I am not sure if I understand exactly what you are saying but I find grammatical similarities in physics equations all the time. For example F = ma ---- force is equal to mass times acceleration. "ma" could easily be seen as a clause where mass is the subject and acceleration is the predicate. Many of my polyaesthetic pieces rely on physics equations to supply a sub-context for the piece. Lets look at the piece from "Karmic influences on the double helix" First we must talk a bit about physics. This piece utilizes the physics equation for Energy. E = Fd Energy is equal to force multiplied by distance. In other words the Energy expended on an object is equal to force applied to that object continually spread over a distance. The latter sentence obviously has grammatical qualities and is synonymous with the equation. We also know that F = ma. Now lets break force into its components of mass and acceleration and substitute (ma) for 'F' it in our equation that defines energy.
E = (ma)d or E = mad
In other words the Energy expended on an object is equal to the accelerated mass of that object applied continuously over a distance. (Notice again that we are using words to be synonymous with the actual equation)
Even the equation can easily be mapped with sentence structure. The energy in question is equated to Fd or (ma)d where 'm' is the subject 'ad' is the predicate and d is the object of the verb 'to accelerate' To reiterate the mass is the subject and 'acceleration over a distance' is the predicate where 'over the distance' is the object of the verb 'accelerate'
Before we look at the poem lets take a look at the distance formula (in two dimensions) used in analytical geometry. In a nutshell the distance formula is the Pythagorean theorem mapped onto a Cartesian coordinate system. e.g. the hypotenuse of a right triangle is the distance we wish to solve and we can do so by using the difference in the y values as one leg of the triangle and the difference in the x values as the other leg of the triangle. This whole mess is a lot easier to see visually. Click here
Now let us look at the poem.
The energy in question is "Karmic Energy" which is equal to the 'mass' being the phrases: the conscious embryo, rampart, through the viridian passage" multiplied by the 'acceleration' which is "misfortunate paranoia" and multiplied by the distance between the concepts of the difference between the concepts of "the discovery of the wheel and extra-dimensional travel" and the difference between the concepts "single cell intelligence and the discovery of the wheel"
You can see that the poem follows the exact sentence structure of the physics equation, Furthermore the physics equation serves as a paradigm or metacontext for the poem to 'ride' or 'be carried ' in.
Friday, January 27, 2006
Distance and Visual Poetry
The piece, "DISTANCE", shows how the concepts of velocity and time tessellate a plane in an infinitely woven tapestry of distance.
The piece above "distance" is a little different for me for it is influenced by new information I have learned from the 'visual poetry' movement. The piece has elements of visual poetry that I have never used before. It functions in two different ways. One way it functions mathematically as a visual paradigm for a physics tenant of kinematics. Notice a paradigm is not a metaphor it is a simile. The Second way it functions is mathematical vispo because it performs math operations on text. The bottom line is that I would not call it mathematical poetry as such because we are not performing mathematical operations on words as meaning with the intent for connotation. However we are performing math operations on text and I reiterate that I feel this is in the realm of mathematical vispo. Check out Geof Huths amazing blog if you want to understand all the branches of visual poetry.
On a side note here is a visual poem I made for Gregory Vincent St. Thomasino titled "church" It is inspired by and uses his math poem, "change + purse = church"
Tuesday, January 24, 2006
Four-Dimensionally Centered
This piece was inspired by the beauty in New Mexico and its relationship to the spiritual ideas of its native people. It is a four dimensional point metaphorically pointing at the atonement archetype.
There are four axes in this Cartesian system: the first axis is that of east and west the next axis being north and south the third axis being up and down and the last axis being inward and outward. Mathematically speaking the point described uses the analytic geometric midpoint formula to define the midpoint in each of the four axes. Metaphorically speaking The point described is at the center of everything and nothing.
Wednesday, January 18, 2006
Joint Mathematics Meeting Report
American Mathematical Society
I just returned from the Joint conference on Mathematics in San Antonio and was extremely pleased with the Art Show. Many of the 'Bridges' mathartists participated in the show and some attended the conference. Here is a picture of my good friend Reza Sarhangi the nucleus of the Bridges conference (left) standing with Slavik Jablan an extremely important and interesting figure in the Mathart movements in Europe.
Here is a picture of my friend Paul Hildebrandt (left) and Ivars Peterson dining on good Mexican food. Paul is the president of Zometools and Ivars is extremely important figure in the proliferation of fun filled mathematical ideas and is the creator of "Math Trek" for Science News.
Here is a snapshot of Robert Fathauer standing next to his mathart. Robert is president of Tessellations company and he also is involved in the curation of many mathart shows.
Here is a snapshot of Francisco Lara-Dammer with his beautiful Cayley diagrams
Here is a snapshot of Gwen Fisher who does amazing mathematical beadwork.
Here is a snapshot of Anne Burns and her beautiful mathematical landscape
My apology to to Bradford Hansen-Smith for missing the opportunity to shoot his picture (he also attended the conference)
Remember the Alamo!
Wednesday, January 11, 2006
Mathpo Beauty?
I snagged this quote off of the new-poetry list, submitted by Jeff Newberry
Miguel de Unamuno
When I look at this quote I easily see it also as a mathematical metaphor.
Life = Doubt
Faith - Doubt = Death
What hits me so obviously is how much more beautiful the verbal language is relative to its'seemingly cold' mathematical counterparts. However, the beauty in mathematical poetry is being able to see within an instant all the mathematically synonymous permutations and synergistically experience them as a whole integrated with the poetic beauty and power of the verbal language.
Doubt = Life
Doubt = Faith-death
Life = Faith-death
I wonder if Mr. Unamuno put much thought into the following quote:
Doubt is life, and life is faith without death
Tuesday, January 03, 2006
The Evolution of a Math Poem
Bob Grumman has recently posted another mathpoem worth thinking about. Its history goes back to early March 2005 when Bob was blogging about his version of the Basho haiku which concerns a frog jumping into an ancient pond.
Bobs blog 401
Bobs version:
old pond--abruptly, the sound
of a frog's splash-in
on March 10 2005 Bob reveals that a math poet named El Konde had sent him his interpretation of that same Basho Haiku poem.
Bobs blog 403
Which was:
Old pond / silence = frog splash!
Bob replied, "I like the idea of dividing the pond (arithmetically), but it would be more logical, it seems to me, to divide silence by the frog to get the old pond." Or:
Silence / frog splash! = Old pond
I would like to analyze these two different syntactical forms of the same Basho poem and see how they relate to Bobs recent poem "Mathemaku for Basho"
First of all we must talk about what takes place when we create and equation in the form:
A = B multiplied by C
When we multiply 2 subjects together those subjects are integrated into a new subject that has its identity is founded in both of the previous subjects.
Lets looks a something we are familiar with If you drive your car 100 miles down the Jersey turnpike from New York to Philly at 50 miles per hour you would get there in about 2 hours (assuming someone doesn't shoot you for driving too slow)
Distance is equal to velocity multiplied by time. d = v t
The very idea of distance is founded on the ideas of time and velocity at least as far as our equation is concerned. It is also interesting to me that we can use different syntax to make this mathematical expression synonymous in three ways.
d = v t (Distance is equal to velocity multiplied by time.)
v = d/t (velocity is equal to distance divided by time)
t = d/v (time is equal to distance divided by velocity)
Now let's look at El Konde's version of the Basho poem:
old pond / silence = frog splash!


text:
Available at: _URL_
Date of Award
MS in Aerospace Engineering
This thesis demonstrates that any individual can provide relevant observational data to further research efforts within the Aerospace community, through the use of amateur telescopes. A Meade LX200 12 in. telescope and Lumenera Skynyx 2.0 camera were utilized to observe small LEO satellites, using a well-documented point-and-wait staring method. Over a period of three months, a total of 186 observation attempts were made resulting in 97 successful captures. From the gathered data, three possible aerospace applications were analyzed: validation of a satellite brightness prediction model, angles-only orbit determination including extended Kalman filtering, and temporal error growth in TLE-based orbit propagation. Further investigations include a preliminary optimization using MATLAB's fmincon function (informed by the previous analyses) to determine an optimal telescope size for performing LEO observations.


text:
This is a variation on a popular spell used to stop someone from harming or bothering you.
This must be performed during a waning moon.
On a piece of parchment or recycled paper, write the name and birthdate of the person
you are wishing "away".
Now fill an air-tight container (like a baby food jar or Tupperware container) with water.
Add a pinch of one or more of these magical herbs: ash tree leaves, clover, lovage, lilac, garlic.
Take the paper with the name on it and fold it three times.
Tie a black string or thread around it and drop it in the water.
Seal the container up and bury it in a safe spot in your garden, yard or flower box.
Once the person has left you alone or no longer poses a problem to you, open the
container and empty it to the earth. Keep the container instead of leaving it to Mother Earth.


and copy it back to our workstation:
$
$
cd ~/lttng-traces
tar -czf my-test-trace.tar.gz my-test-trace-*
Step 2: Install LTTng Scope
Grab the latest LTTng Scope installer for your platform in the Beta section. LTTng Scope is available for Linux, Windows, and macOS.
Step 3: Open the trace in LTTng Scope
Before we can open the trace, we need to extract it from its archive. On most platforms, you can use the native tools to do it. On Windows, I recommend that you install 7-Zip, but most file archivers will work.
Launch LTTng Scope from your application menu. You should be greeted with this screen after a couple seconds:
LTTng Scope main window
Let's open our trace:
 1. Click the File menu, then click Open….
 2. Navigate to the directory where you extracted the trace archive. You need to enter the main trace directory and then the kernel subdirectory where you see the metadata file.
 3. Without selecting any specific file, click Open.
LTTng Scope's trace opening dialog
The initial view after opening a trace is zoomed in on the first 100 ms of the trace. Let's get an overall view:
 1. Put your mouse cursor over any of Event count, Threads, or CPU view.
 2. Hold the Ctrl key and scroll down with your mouse wheel until the views stop changing.
LTTng Scope's initial view
We now have a complete overview of the trace, but we can't easily pinpoint interesting events from here.
LTTng Scope's zoomed out view
Let's add a filter to identify points of interest in the trace. We'll use the lttng_logger events that we emitted from the workload.sh script before each action.
To create the filter:
 1. Right click Filters in the left tree view.
 2. Click Create Filter….
 3. Enter your chosen event name, and select a color and a shape for the filter markers.
 4. Click OK.
LTTng Scope's filter creation dialog
We can now see each of the lttng_logger events in the CPU view. Those can help you navigate the trace and identify important events.
LTTng Scope with an active filter
Let's zoom in on the first lttng_logger event:
 1. In the CPU view, click the first marker. This selects an event close to the marker and makes it the center point for zoom in actions.
 2. Hold the Ctrl key and scroll up with you mouse wheel until you're close to the maximum zoom level. You might have to fine-tune the selection to get the proper event.
On the following screenshot, we can see the lttng_logger event we emitted before running ping -c 2 google.com. You can scroll down the event list to see all the kernel events and system calls that resulted from running the ping command.
LTTng Scope, fully zoomed on an lttng_logger event
That's it for now! I'll let you explore the trace. We'll post a more detailed guide once additional features are implemented in the tool.
Remember that this is a very early alpha release: there's a lot more to come!


The archaeology of Film
The subject of this archeological research is the 16mm copy of the documentary WERNER HERZOG EATS HIS SHOE (USA 1980, R: Les Blank) that is in the Arsenal archive. The film shows director Werner Herzog cooking and eating his Clarks desert boots at a public performance in an American cinema. The archeological work involves examining the film's different contexts, as well as preparing a public presentation of the project results.
As opposed to films that are thought to have disappeared or have been found unexpectedly, where the opening of rusty film canisters, the rescuing from damp basements or the snatching from oblivion play a role and thus anticipate an archeological perspective, WERNER HERZOG EATS HIS SHOE is a typical "bonus film". Instead of disappearing, the film made a career as an add-on. In film seasons as well as on the DVD market, the film was predominantly relegated to the status of footnote. It effectively disappeared into the role of "add-on".
What happens if a film is removed from its cocoon of add-on and put in the spotlight? How does one reach it? What does one dig out? Which details of the history of film and cinema come to the surface? Which connections (from philosophy to art history to the world of consumers) reveal themselves?
The sub-project involves students taking part in the "Archeology of film and cinema: Theories and projects" course at the Freie Universität Berlin. A public presentation of the results could take place in January 2012. A continuation of the project, with the goal of publishing a book (e.g. a small reader about the archaeology of film without a DVD), would be feasible depending on the results. One could also think about purchasing a new film copy if this made sense and was financially feasible as part of the project.
Biography of Sabine Nessel


Browse Dictionary by Letter
Dictionary Suite
conventionalize to make conventional. [2 definitions]
conventional wisdom a belief or set of beliefs that is held by most people.
conventual of, like, or pertaining to a convent. [3 definitions]
converge to move toward or meet at a common point. [3 definitions]
convergence the act or condition of converging. [4 definitions]
convergent tending to move toward a common point or intersection.
conversable easy to talk with; affable. [2 definitions]
conversant familiar; acquainted; practiced (usu. fol. by with or in).
conversation oral exchange of ideas, opinions, and the like. [2 definitions]
conversational of or characteristic of conversation. [2 definitions]
conversationalist a person who takes pleasure in and is skilled at making conversation.
conversation piece an unusual object that attracts attention and stimulates conversation. [2 definitions]
converse1 to have an oral exchange or conversation; talk. [2 definitions]
converse2 opposite; reverse. [2 definitions]
conversion the act or process of converting. [6 definitions]
convert to transform (something) into another form, substance, or state. [5 definitions]
converter someone or something that converts. [5 definitions]
converter reactor a nuclear reactor that produces less, or a different kind of, fissionable material than it consumes. (Cf. breeder reactor.)
convertible capable of being changed in shape, function, or nature. [4 definitions]
convertiplane an airplane that can fly forward with speed and take off and land vertically like a helicopter.
convex having a surface or outer edge that curves outward like the outside of a ball. (Cf. concave.)


Ethical Decisions in the Workplace Assignment | College Homework Help
Ethical Decisions in the Workplace
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After reading your background readings, please review the following scenario and address the questions at the end.College Homework Help
Jerry Stevens heads up an excavation crew for the municipal utility district in a city in Nebraska. A sewer line needs to be replaced and it has been excavated with a back-hoe. The trench is 7 feet deep. The municipality's safety rules indicate that employees should not go into the trench without a trench box. This rule is to prevent employees from being buried if the trench walls collapse. People die every year from trench cave-ins.
The trench box won't arrive on-site for another 6 hours and the city promised residents that the sewer would be fixed by the end of the day, which now seems impossible. The City Administrator called Jerry on his cell phone and indicated that it was imperative that the sewer is fixed as soon as conceivably possible because a City Council member is served by that sewer line and will raise a fuss if it's not fixed by the promised time.
One of the more experienced workers states, "It's only going to take 30 minutes to dig under the pipe and loosen the fittings. We don't need the trench box. We used to do this all the time before we were required to use one of those darn things."
Jerry knows he's right. He used to do it himself before the rule was put in place. Also, the soil is clearly a cohesive soil and it's highly unlikely that it will collapse. And although there is an organizational policy to use a trench box for trenches deeper than 5 feet, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) does not have jurisdiction over municipalities in Nebraska because municipalities are political subdivisions of the State. The only entity regulating safety policies is the City's Safety Director and he took the day off. College Homework Help
 1. In this scenario, to what extent do you think allowing the crew into the trench without a trench box would be pushing (or exceeding) the limit?
 2. Discuss any ethical grey areas in this scenario?
 3. What is your mind is the right thing to do?
 4. What is the value of having an ethics program (and related programs like safety programs) and what are the responsibilities of front line leaders/supervisors and the workers when they face dilemmas such as the one described?
Assignment Expectations
Please take some time to review the materials and take a position on the issue. Write a 2- to the 3-page assessment of the authors' claims and your assessment of what might be done in a place of business to prevent the "moral amnesia" phenomenon from taking a foothold in a place of business.
Your paper should be double-spaced and in 12-point type size.
Your paper should have a separate cover page and a separate reference page. Make sure you cite your sources.
Use APA style, and proofread your paper. Get HR Management homework help today
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What is TIMS?
TIMS is a hardware training system, designed specifically for telecommunications and signal processing courses that require only an oscilloscope to use the system.
How is TIMS used?
TIMS is used to implement block diagrams, which are used to model mathematical equations, or the hardware realizations of telecommunications systems or signal processing schemes.
What equipment do I need to use TIMS?
TIMS is intended as a complete, stand-alone training system that typically only requires an oscilloscope and no other test equipment.
The following is a complete list:
 1. TIMS system + optional modules;
 2. Oscilloscope:2CH, 20MHz, conventional non-storage;
 3. A personal computer with RS-232 port if the TIMS DSP modules are being used to develop programs.
How many students per TIMS system in labs?
The ideal number of students per TIMS system is 2 to 3 students, for optimum result. However, in some cases where not enough TIMS systems are available in a lab, labs run with 4 students per system, as a short term solution.
Can TIMS interface to PC's?
Yes. With the increased processing power of personal computers, students are no longer limited to only viewing their signals in the time domain, on a basic oscilloscope. PC-based multi-instruments are now available which are both affordable and have outstanding performance. EMONA TIMS offers two options for such PC-based instrumentation with wide bandwidth oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer displays, as well as true RMS digital voltmeter and frequency counter functions. Both options incorporate the powerful ADC200/20 virtual instrument. The ADC200/20 is available stand-alone or built-into the TIMS-301C PC-Enabled Learning System.
Why use hardware when software simulators are readily available?
Manipulating objects on screen and viewing the results on screen can often seem like "magic" particularly to introductory students. There are real educational benefits to be had when a student builds and studies an experiment with real-time signals in real 'hands-on' hardware. The directness of 'hands-on' adjustment of signals gives a solid and tangible understanding of the system being studied to the student. The results observed attain real meaning which is often not attained with 'on-screen' simulations.
In order to appreciate simulation a student needs to have pre-requisite knowledge of sampling theorem and Fourier analysis. Once these fundamentals have been understood, simulations can become a useful adjunct alongside learning with a TIMS system.
Simulation can be useful as pre-lab learning. See our page on TutorTIMS on our website.
Isn't TIMS just a simple "demonstration" system?
TIMS is definitely not a "demonstration" system.
A "demonstration" system is typically one box, which only outputs demonstration waveforms eg: AM and DSB envelopes or TDM sampled signals, etc). The user has no real control over the method of implementation of each experiment, other than a few gain controls.
TIMS is a true "modelling" system. No one module has an isolated function - modules are used together to build-up systems.
TIMS does not include, for example, an "AM modulator" module, or an "SSB demodulator" module. These functions are patched together using Adder Modules, Multiplier Modules, Signal Modules, and so on.
How does TIMS fit into an electronics engineering course, because in telecommunications we use real applications such as telephone lines, microwaves, satellites, LANS, etc.?
TIMS gives students hands-on experience with the theories and concepts involved in the specific area of "transmission theory". "Transmission" involves an original message being carried from one point to another, using either analogue or digital modulation. TIMS will allow the students to learn about the concepts of the many sub-sections of a major telecommunications system: e.g. sampling and reconstruction; coding and decoding; modulation and demodulation; etc. After a student has learnt and grasped these fundamental concepts, it is much easier for them to take this knowledge and apply it to HF electronics, microwaves, telephone lines, computer local area networks, and so on.
Why can TIMS be used by both undergraduate and post graduate students, and lecturers?
TIMS is valuable to all these users because TIMS actually models mathematical equations and telecommunications block diagrams. TIMS is much more than just a waveform or experimental "demonstration system".
Describe the TIMS system hardware?
TIMS is comprised of the following system components:
 1. The FIXED UNIT, which includes 7 "fixed modules" and a rack which holds up to 12 "plug-in modules". The "fixed modules" include some of the most common functions/building-blocks that are required in most experiments.
 2. Thirteen Basic "plug-in modules". This BASIC MODULES SET includes further fundamental building blocks required in many telecommunications and signal processing experiments.
 3. 2 groups of optional Advanced modules:
 1. The ADVANCED MODULE SET which includes more specialised building blocks, and,
 2. The DSP MODULE SET.
What is the difference between BASIC modules and ADVANCED modules?
The BASIC modules include the simplest, fundamental, general purpose electronic building-blocks. e.g. Signal adder; signal multiplier; filters; oscillators; phase shifters; etc.
The ADVANCED modules include more specialised or more specific electronic building-block functions. e.g. PCM waveform encoders and decoders; bit error rate and signal to noise measuring functions; Delta modulation building-blocks; etc.
Can external signals be connected to TIMS?
As TIMS has an open architecture, and uses real electrical signals, it is easy to bring signals into the TIMS environment or take them from TIMS to other external equipment. Interfacing guidelines are provided in the "Making your own modules for TIMS" lab sheet.
How does a student relate TIMS "modules" to block diagrams? Why are there red and yellow connectors on both sides of each module and why don't gain and adjustment control knobs have calibration or level scale markings?
All TIMS modules follow a very strict and consistent "front panel convention". Once a user has been introduced to the TIMS conventions, they will find it very easy to use any TIMS module. The TIMS "front panel conventions" ensure that TIMS modules relate very closely to the Block Diagram representations that are commonly used in telecommunications and signal processing.
How many experiments can you do with TIMS? What kind of experiments can TIMS do?
Because TIMS models mathematical systems using functional building-blocks, the number and type="text" of experiments is only limited by the modules (building-blocks) available and the user's imagination (and understanding of the subject).
From this it follows that TIMS has an unlimited capability for telecommunications and signal processing experiments.
More specifically, we consider that with the FIXED and BASIC modules alone, over 50 experiments can be carried out.
The ADVANCED module set adds a further 25 new experiments.
Adding the DSP modules then expands the experiment base many times over.
How do I learn how to put together experiments - where can I get some ideas?
Ideas for block diagrams are available from many sources including:
 1. communications textbooks, magazines and research papers
 2. The user's own new ideas and theory
 3. The TIMS student labsheets experiments
 4. The "Communication System Modelling with TIMS" text, by Tim Hooper


F2F Decision: Context
From: Robert Sanderson
Date: Mon, 1 Oct 2012 11:09:12 -0600
Message-ID:
*** Annotating a Resource in Context ***
The requirement was defined in two separate parts:
1. The resource was annotated when it was part of the rendering of
another resource
(but does not convey any notion of invalidation of the annotation)
2. The annotation is only valid when the annotated resource is part of
the rendering of another resource
The group consensus was that validity of annotations should not be
considered in scope for the current work, as it would mean allowing
all sorts of different types of validity to be expressed, not just
containership. The consensus was also that "context" should be
narrowly defined as above, to ensure that all sorts of other
environmental factors that might occur were not included in the scope.
 Thus the operating system of the annotator is not "context" for this
part of the data model.
Use cases discussed included:
* Annotating an image in a page to say that it does not depict what
the page describes
* Annotating (part of) an image in a certain part of a page to say
that it is not the correct image for that location
(example: page with bio sketches, and one image is mistakenly used for
multiple people)
* Annotating a figure with a URI that is part of an academic paper,
where the context of the particular paper is important
The decision was to introduce a new predicate: oax:annotatedIn from a
SpecificResource to any Resource (including a SpecificResource)
Other options explored were:
* Lists/chains of Selectors, however the semantics weren't clear as to
whether it was a contextual selector or a regular use and was
particularly challenging when the context was part of a resource
rather than the entire resource.
* Whether or not the context was at the SpecificResource or Annotation
level. If it was at the Annotation level, then a Body could not have
a context and this was considered desirable. Also multiple targets
would be very difficult to model.
The name is the only contentious aspect remaining, as it implies that
it can only be used for a target of the annotation. We would like to
suggest the following revision:
oax:asIncludedIn (domain oa:SpecificResource) The object of the
predicate is a resource in which the subject is included, and was the
resource being viewed when the subject was used within the annotation
which has the subject as either body or target.
Other proposed names for the predicate will definitely be considered,
but should not use "context" and should convey the notion of inclusion
by reference (eg html) or value (eg pdf)
Rob & Paolo
Received on Monday, 1 October 2012 17:09:40 GMT
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.2.0+W3C-0.50 : Monday, 1 October 2012 17:09:40 GMT


text:
How do I know when my model is complete?
Your model in AIM is likely approaching completion when:
- The Information panel contains a complete list of Information used by your business, and you've used all of that Information in your model.
- There's no smoke (literally) coming out of your model — you've ensured that your model complies with all AIM information processing rules.
- You can reliably explain the model to business stakeholders and they recognize and endorse the model.
- You can reliably create AIM stories in your model and find that the model is sufficiently detailed (not too detailed, not too high level) to enable your narrative.
- You have used the Explore panel to review model attributes, and confirmed that your model tags are complete.
- You have created Shaders to help visualize different aspects of your business, including discrete and cumulative processing time, and have identified areas of focus for digital transformation.
- You can reliably build a worksheet containing project work packages and your model is sufficiently granular to enable overlaying of work packages. You can use this portfolio view to identify areas where multiple projects may be seeking to drive change without being aware of each other.


text:
... including targeted forecasts at the time of your arrival to each point!
Holdrege, Nebraska has four distinct seasons and a wide range of temperatures throughout the year. In the winter months, temperatures can range from the low 30s to the low teens. January is typically the coldest month with an average high of 36°F and an average low of 17°F. Snowfall is common throughout the winter months, and temperatures can dip below 0°F at times.
Spring in Holdrege is mild with temperatures gradually increasing from the low 40s in March to the low 60s in May. Rainfall is common, especially in April and May.
During the summer months, temperatures range from the low 70s to the mid 90s. July is the hottest month with an average high of 90°F and an average low of 67°F. Thunderstorms are common during the summer months.
Fall is mild with temperatures gradually decreasing from the low 70s in September to the low 40s in November. Rainfall is common, especially in October and November. December is typically the driest month of the year.
As of 2020, the city population is 5406.
This map shows the current & 7-day weather forecast, weather alerts, and weather radar for Holdrege, Nebraska.


try to access the value
if(window.top.timestamp) // <--- Raises exception
I was able to resolve the issue by using only primitive types
// set the value on first load
window.top.timestamp = Number(new Date());
share|improve this answer
add comment
If you are trying to access the JS object, the easiest way is to create a copy:
var objectCopy = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(object));
Hope it'll help.
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I have always thought that Aleinu was a piyyut (liturgical poem), not a "prayer" since it does not have a bracha in it. I was surprised to find that the Wikipedia page for piyyut does not list it, and that the page for Aleinu calls it a prayer. I realize that Wikipedia may not be the most authoritative source for Jewish answers, so I am asking it here. Is Aleinu considered a piyyut or a prayer? Either way, why? A related (unanswered) question is: Why are Ashre and Alenu considered communal prayers?
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What is the difference? – Double AA Mar 2 at 13:23
_USER_ I am not entirely sure. I had thought that tehillim, most zemirot, Aleinu, were all piyyut, but based on the answer Ypnypn submitted below, I might have my criteria wrong. – Mike Mar 2 at 16:00
1 Answer 1
Actually, a text can be both a prayer and a piyyut. A prayer is a type of content, whereas a piyyut is a type of style. A prayer is when one talks to God (OED, MW); it need not contain a bracha. A piyyut is a style of a text (which may or not be a prayer) similar to poetry.
Therefore, there are selections which are prayers, piyyutim, both, or none. Mi Sheberach is a prayer (note the absence of a bracha), but not a piyyut. Yigdal is a piyyut, but not a prayer. Veye'esayu (on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur) is a piyyut and a prayer.
Specifically, the second part of Aleinu is a prayer (since we acknowledge God as the ruler of all, and pray that He be universally recognized as such soon). It can be argued that since part of it is a prayer, the whole thing is. It is not a piyyut.
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Strategies around handling duplicate contacts and merging
Balancing Act
This article covers the concepts around de-duplicating contacts. If you want to jump to the chase and learn how to run the de-dupe process, please see our screen cast on de-duping.
Every organizing strategy has to manage a balancing act when it comes to entering contacts into your database:
 1. On the one hand, we don't want to create duplicates. If we are importing a record for Alberto, and Alberto is already in the database, we want to update his record, not create a duplicate.
 2. On the other hand, we don't want to update the wrong record. What if the new Alberto we are bringing into the database is different from the one in our database? If we update our existing record, it will create a big mess.
This balancing act has to be re-enacted in many very different situations. For example:
 - When importing a spread sheet
 - When a staff person enters a record by hand
 - When a person makes a contribution via a public contribution page
 - When a person registers for an event
 - When someone fills out a profile online or fills out a webform
Dedupe rules
CiviCRM decides whether to create a duplicate or merge with an existing contact based on a set of de-dupe rules.
A de-dupe rule essentially says: Every time a new contact is about to be entered, see if there are any existing contacts in which the following fields are the same. If there is an existing contact, then update that contact rather than creating a new one (if there is more than one matching contact, the first one found is updated).
As you can imagine "the following fields" is the critical part.
Some organizers rely exclusively on email address matching rules. If the email address is the same, then we declare it to be the same.
Other situations require more nuance. For example, what if someone registers several people to an event but doesn't know all of their email addresses? They might enter their own email address for all of them.
Some organizers require that the first name, last name and one of the following match: email, phone or street address.
Your dedupe rules page
The best place to start thinking about de-duplication and merging is with your de-dupe rules page. Here's a screen cast on how to work with Dedupe Rules
This page lists the rules that CiviCRM follows when determining if two contacts are the same person or not.
You can access it via: Contacts -> Find and Merge duplicate contacts
The default settings look like this:
Since we don't use Households, you can ignore those rules.
That leaves rules for handling organizations and rules for handling individuals.
Let's focus on individuals.
You can create as many rules as you want, but you always must have at least one "Unsupervised" rule and at least one "Supervised" rule.
The "Supervised" rule is used by default anytime a contact is added by someone who is logged in and paying attention. In other words, when you manually add a contact.
The "Unsupervised" rule is used all other times. For example: when a user registers for an event or makes a contribution or fills out a profile. In addition (and this is a bit unintuitive), it is also used during imports. While there is a logged in user who is paying attention, they are not able to review every single one of the imported contacts. As a result, the "Unsupervised" rule is used.
What a dedupe rule looks like
If you click to edit a dedupe rule, you can see how it works.
If you pick one that is "reserved" (meaning you can't change the rule), it might look like this:
This rule is pre-configured to trigger if the first name, last name and email address all match.
This screen also shows you how to change a rule's settings from General to Supervised or Unsupervised.
Additionally, you can create your own rules, but that is best left for later.
How do I use these rules?
At any time, you can use these rules to find duplicate records in your database and merge them. That process is covered in our Dedupe screencast.
However, there are many other ways to use these rules.
Importing
When importing contacts, you can choose what to do with duplicate records.
But there's more... you can also choose which dedupe rule you want to use for every individual import.
For example, your default unsupervised rule might be to match on email address only. That could work for most imports. But one day you might import records that don't have an email address. For that import, you may need to use an import rule that matches on name and street address.
Profiles
If you are collecting data via profiles, you can click the Settings link, then expand the Advanced accordion and modify what action to take if a duplicate is found (note: profiles always use the Unsupervised rule):
This setting only applies to stand-alone forms. If a profile is part of a contribution or event registration form, then the contribution/registration information will always be added to the matched contact (if one is found).
Events
With online event registration pages, you can specify which dedupe rule should be used. By default, the unsupervised rule will be chosen, but you can change it:
For example, if you always want duplicates created for event registration, you could specify an impossible to match de-dupe rule for a particular event.
How to create your own dedupe rule
Now that you have the big picture, you may want to create some custom de-dupe rules. Here's a screen cast on how to work with Dedupe Rules
You can do that by going to Contact -> Find and merge duplicates and clicking the button to add a new rule.
Here's an example rule that can be useful:
You can select any field you want from the field drop down.
The length column allows you to specify the length of the field you want to search. For example, if you chose First Name and length 3, then it would only match the first 3 characters of the first name, so "Jamie" and "James" would be considered a match. Despite the usefulness of this feature we discourage it's use because it causes your database queries to slow to a crawl and often timeout..
The weight column describes what score a match should get.
Lastly, the Threshhold column determines what total score should decide if it's a duplicate or not.
In the example above, if the first name, last name and email address match, the score would be 3 + 3 + 1, or 7. Since that matches the threshhold it would be considered a duplicate. If the email, phone and street address matched, it would only add up to 3, not enough for the score to match.
So, what should my strategy be?
If in doubt, set your Unsupervised rule to be quite strict (like first name, last name and email address) and regularly search for and merge duplicate records. It's far better to have a database full of duplicates than to try to untangle records that were merged that should not have been merged.
Category:
Collecting and Managing Contact Information


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What is Sparkling Sake
Sparkling sake (スパークリング酒) is a sake that contains carbon dioxide. Due to its low alcohol content and sweet taste, Sparkling Sake is also an interesting introduction for newcomers to the subject of "Nihonshu".
Three production methods for Sparkling Sake
Sparkling sake can be divided into three types depending on the production process, which we briefly explain here:
Alcoholic fermentation, which is necessary for the production of sake, produces both alcohol and carbon dioxide. As a result, even the normal sake that is not Sparkling Sake bubbles slightly immediately after the mash is pressed. Normally, the carbon dioxide disappears through a process called hi-ire (pasteurization).
The term "Kassel Nigori" (活性濁り) means "active turbidity". In this type, the sake is not pasteurized. After fermentation is almost complete, the mash is filtered through a coarse cloth before bottling. Because of the coarse filtration, there are still solids in the liquid and the color of the sake is white and cloudy. Since the yeast is still alive and fermenting in the bottle, carbon dioxide gas is produced.
Secondary bottle fermentation
This variant of sake is also not pasteurized. Before the fermentation process is completely finished, the mash is pressed and bottled. Active yeast remains in the pressed liquid, which continues to ferment in the bottle and produce carbon dioxide. Incidentally, this is the same method used to produce sparkling wine or champagne.
A new trend in Sparkling Sake - Awa Sake
While many breweries are developing and offering new sparkling sake products to tap into new demand for sake, there is also an initiative to establish clear quality standards to ensure healthy market expansion. One representative of this initiative is the Awasake Association. By 2022, there will be 28 member breweries throughout Japan.
"Awa" (泡) stands for "foam". "Awa-Sake" is therefore a special name for Sparkling Sake. To be allowed to bear the name Awa-Sake (or "Awazake"), it must be a transparent sake made from carefully selected rice, Kōji and water, with a natural foam from the second fermentation in the bottle. It must also meet strict quality standards and pass inspections by external auditors before it can be certified as Awa sake.
Carbon dioxide injection process
This type of Sparkling Sake is made by artificially adding carbon dioxide to the finished sake. This is a relatively inexpensive method of producing Sparkling Sake. The quality is relatively stable and can be stored at room temperature. For this reason, it is often sold in supermarkets and convenience stores in Japan.
How does Sparkling Sake taste
Special features of sparkling sake are mainly its fruity taste. It often has a low alcohol content, with 5 - 7 % vol. However, there are also higher percentage bottled with 11 - 15 % vol.
As a rule, the higher the alcohol content, the drier the taste. In the Kassei-Nigori variant, more of the rice flavor remains, so it is milder and creamier. For this sake, we recommend using a slim ceramic jar, as the residue will stick to the glass.
All types of Sparkling Sake should be served chilled. For the clear Sparkling Sake varieties, we recommend using champagne glasses or champagne flutes.
More about the individual steps of sake production you will learn here.
To a bottle Sake Junmai category, you need about 1.8 kg of rice - for a Junmai Daiginjō sake, it is already 3 to 3.5 kg of rice as a starting point, since less of the original rice remains here due to the higher degree of polishing.
No wonder that the rice used is of special importance. Here we explain everything about rice as a raw material for sake production.
The good news in advance: To Sake enjoy in style does not necessarily have to follow rules. Although there are many different rituals and recommendations, you can interpret them according to your own preferences. For example, it doesn't matter much whether sake is drunk with food or after. Many connoisseurs are of the opinion that sake shows its true character only in connection with suitable dishes, but also solo sake takes you into unique worlds of taste.


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Design and modeling of deformation for on body WBAN antennas
Amira Nur Suraya, Shamsuri Agus
MetadataShow full item record
This report shows a textile antenna is used for fabric applications can be used. A compact planar antenna can be seen from the aspect of the difference performance under bending and crumpling conditions. This antenna is made of materials that can be integrated into clothing to observe the performance of the antenna without a shift in resonance. One important application is to monitor the health of patients at any time without restricting patient movement. The proposed system aims to improve and optimize a wireless health monitoring system's communication link through the use of a flexible textile antenna worn on a patient's body, robust against bending, crumpling and stretching conditions. The performance parameters such as impedance and radiation pattern investigate are based on numerical and experimental methods at 2.45GHz by using Computer System Technology (CST).


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IMBISA Bishops call on Leaders of the Member States of the Southern African Development Community, SADC, to respond to the Challenge of Migration caused by Economic Hardships and Conflicts in the Region
The Bishops of the Interregional Meeting of Bishops in Southern Africa, IMBISA, have written a letter to the leaders of the countries that make up the Southern African Development Community, SADC, to give more attention to the economic challenges and conflicts in the region. They note that many people in the region are migrating for economic reasons and going to neighbouring countries in search of survival while others are forced to leave their homes and countries by conflicts. Mention is given of the economic situation in Zimbabwe which has forced thousands of Zimbabweans to migrate to other countries as economic refugees. Another example is Mozambique where the conflict between the government and RENAMO forces has forced hundreds to flee their homes. The Bishops encourage the home countries of the refugees and the host nations to work together to find solutions. They point out that the protection of the lives of the refugees and their families is of paramount importance to the church. They appeal to the SADC leaders not to wait until the situation is out of hand, when foreign powers will come and act as policemen, which is so humiliating for Africa. IMBISA is an association of Catholic Bishops Conferences comprising Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Sao Tome e Principe, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe. Most of the economic refugees in these countries are attracted to go to Botswana and South Africa which are the regional big economies.


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GAINING HEALTH WHILE GIVING BACK TO THE COMMUNITY
Older adults who volunteer in troubled urban schools not only improve the educational experience of children, but realize meaningful improvements in their own mental and physical health, say researchers at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.
The Johns Hopkins investigators base their conclusion on the first randomized clinical trial testing the health benefits of participating in an established volunteer program called Experience Corps in Baltimore.
"While our results are preliminary, what we found is a 'win-win' for everyone involved," says the study's lead author, Linda P. Fried, M.D., director of the Center on Aging and Health at Johns Hopkins. "Giving back to your community may slow the aging process in ways that lead to a higher quality of life in older adults," she adds.
"Physical, cognitive and social activity increased in volunteers, suggesting potential for Experience Corps and similar programs to improve health for an aging population, while simultaneously improving educational outcomes for children," she said. "It potentially could have great social impact if taken to a large scale."
The study is published in the April issue of the Journal of Urban Health, which also includes companion studies by Johns Hopkins researchers that found Experience Corps to be cost effective and detailed the educational boon to students.
Started in 1996, Experience Corps is an award-winning program that places teams of older adults in urban public schools as tutors and mentors. Currently, more than 1,000 Experience Corps members are volunteering in 100 elementary and middle schools in 18 cities across the country. But the program was also designed to help adults keep healthy, say the Johns Hopkins researchers.
"Evidence is mounting that remaining active and engaged is beneficial as one ages, but our society has not developed approaches that support such activity for the broad spectrum of older adults," says Fried. "That's why we were eager to see if this program might work to provide such benefits."
To test, in a scientifically valid method, whether Experience Corps improves key aging risk factors declines in physical, cognitive, and social activity a research team designed a two-year pilot study that compared 128 Experience Corps volunteers, ages 60 to 86, to a comparable control group.
Participants in the study, predominantly African-American women, volunteered at six Baltimore public schools, helping children in kindergarten to grade three. The volunteers were organized into teams and worked in the schools 15 hours per week, usually over three to four days. They were trained to help children improve their reading skills, to support library operations and help pick out books and read, to solve problems and play cooperatively. A small stipend of $150 to $200 a month was offered to the volunteers to reimburse for expenses.
Volunteers signed up for "generative," not health-related reasons, says Fried. The majority, almost 88 percent, either said they loved children, or wanted to help them. Of the rest, about 11 percent said they wanted to make a difference in their own lives, or help themselves "feel good," and only 2 percent said they volunteered to "stay active."
Most of the volunteers, 71 percent, had a high school education, and 14 percent used a cane.
To determine any health advantages that came with participation, the researchers evaluated the control and intervention groups before and after the trial. They found that 98 percent of participants in the intervention group reported being satisfied with their experience, and 80 percent returned the following year. Such a high retention rate reflects the "health promotion potential" of Experience Corps, the researchers say.
The investigators also found evidence for short-term change in health outcomes. Among them:
- At follow-up, 44 percent of Experience Corps participants reported feeling stronger, compared with 18 percent of controls, and there was a 13 percent increase in those who reported their strength as very good to excellent, versus a 30 percent decline among controls.
- Cane use decreased in 50 percent of users in the intervention group, compared with 20 percent in the control group. Falls also decreased.
- In terms of social activity, Experience Corps volunteers reported a significant increase, compared to a decline in the control group, in the number of people they felt they could turn to for help.
- In measuring cognitive benefit, the researchers say that increases in cognitive activities in the school were not offset by a decrease in book reading and other such mental activities at home in participants. TV viewing, considered the "most common low intensity activity," declined by 4 percent in volunteers and increased by 18 percent in the control group. "In contrast to other programs that target health care beneficiaries, the Experience Corps program is designed to attract all adults, including those less likely to participate in formal health-promotion programs," says Fried. "We show it can lead to meaningful short-term improvement in healthy behaviors for older adults while they, at the same time, offer social capital that is highly valued," says Fried.
While Experience Corps may be expensive for the short-term health improvements it offers volunteers, when potential benefits for students and possible long-term benefits are factored in, the program could be highly cost-effective, say Johns Hopkins researchers.
This study, published in the same issue of the journal as a companion to the Johns Hopkins pilot study of the health benefits inherent in the Experience Corps program, found cost per volunteer (assuming 500 volunteers were enrolled) was $3,613, or about $7 per hour of volunteer time. Short-term improvements in older adult health resulted in medical care cost savings of $273 per volunteer.
When long-term benefit for students was factored in, the program became fiscally sound, says lead author Kevin Frick, Ph.D., of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. "If only 12 students who would not have graduated otherwise eventually graduate, the program becomes cost-effective
In yet another related study, the Experience Corps program was found to lead to selective improvements in student reading, academic achievement and classroom behavior while not burdening the school staff, say researchers who studied 1,194 children from six urban elementary schools who
participated in this phase of the pilot trial.
At follow-up, third-grade children whose schools were randomly selected for the program had significantly higher scores on a standardized reading test than children in the control schools, and office referrals for classroom misbehavior decreased by about half in the Experience Corps schools but
remained the same in the control schools.
"Taken together, the results from this pilot trial lead us to conclude that the Experience Corps Baltimore program can potentially make an important difference in the lives of young children and their schools, even after a relatively brief exposure period," says the study's lead researcher, George W. Rebok, Ph.D., of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
The lead study was funded by The Retirement Research Foundation, the Erickson Foundation, the State of Maryland, the State of Maryland Department of Education, the Baltimore City Public Schools, the Baltimore City Commission on Aging and Retirement Education, the Johns Hopkins Prevention Center and the Corporation for National Service. Co-authors include Michelle Carlson, Ph.D., Kevin Frick, Ph.D., Joel Hill, M.S.,George Rebok, Ph.D., James Tielsch, Ph.D., Scott Zeger, Ph.D., Barbara Wasik, Ph.D., from Hopkins; Teresa Seeman, Ph.D., from the University of California at Los Angeles; Marc Freedman, from Civic Ventures Inc.; and Sylvia McGill from The Greater Homewood Community Corporation, an umbrella community organization in northern Baltimore.
- -JHMI- -


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In the investing world, taxes have a significant influence on the overall performance of an asset. That is especially true of real estate, where rules governing depreciation, capital gains, and business taxation offer opportunities for sophisticated investors to lower their tax bills and ultimately realize a higher return.
Cost segregation analysis is a great way to unlock a property's tax potential within the first couple of years of ownership. In a nutshell, a cost segregation analysis (often referred to as "cost seg" by tax accountants) dissects a property into distinct categories as determined by federal tax depreciation schedules. The owner can take faster depreciation on those portions of the property that qualify for speedier treatment than the land itself. Let's break it down.
How does tax depreciation of real estate work?
The tax code's depreciation rules dictate how a taxpayer writes off expenses associated with purchasing an asset with an expected useful life of more than one year. The tax code provides specific depreciation schedules for different long-term asset types. An asset's depreciation schedule determines the number of years over which an expense must be spread in the taxpayer's returns.
Here's a simplified example. A building owner purchases a piece of equipment for $5,000. The equipment falls into a depreciation category that dictates a straight-line five-year depreciation schedule. Assume that at the end of that five years, the equipment will have no salvage value. Pro rating the expense over the prescribed depreciation period, the taxpayer will claim an expense of $1,000 each year over the subsequent five years' tax returns.
Assets must meet specific requirements to be eligible for depreciation. The taxpayer must own the asset and must use it for business or income-producing activity. The asset must also have a determinable useful life that is expected to be more than one year.
What does cost segregation do?
Because land cannot be "used up" like other assets, it cannot qualify for depreciation. On the other hand, buildings do wear out, but very slowly: commercial buildings depreciate over 39 years, and residential buildings depreciate over 27.5 years.
The reason for cost segregation analysis is that personal property tends to be depreciable over much shorter timeframes—five to seven years in most cases—along with having other advantages like accelerated depreciation in the first years of ownership. For a building, you can categorize many types of fixtures as personal property: the doors, windows, and in some cases, even the electrical system can be subject to much shorter depreciation periods than the building itself.
How cost segregation works
In a typical transaction, the purchaser rarely receives a comprehensive report of how the property breaks down along tax depreciation lines. The purchaser might have certain details, like the price paid for a new furnace or recent remodel work. Still, many of the personal property assets within a building will be balled together with the total purchase price along with the structure and the land.
In a cost segregation analysis, trained professionals analyze a building to identify each asset separated (on paper) from the building itself. Records from the purchase, including the buyer's due diligence efforts, will be used along with a detailed study of the building's plans. This step is typically handled by engineers who specialize in cost segregation analysis. As part of the process, experts will visit the property to check that every asset reflected in the paper records exists on the ground, so an accurate report and, eventually, an accurate tax filing can be prepared.
Is cost segregation the right choice for you?
If this process sounds laborious and expensive, don't be deterred. When conducted in the first few years of ownership, a cost segregation analysis can deliver significant tax savings. The most crucial step is finding a reputable, trustworthy firm to conduct the analysis. In the event of an IRS audit, an investor needs high-quality backup.
At Pan American, we have established relationships with cost segregation professionals who deliver consistent, reliable results for our clients. We will work with you to determine if a cost segregation analysis is a suitable strategy for your property. If we think it's the right course, we'll start planning for the cost seg process before you've closed the deal.
If you have questions about how cost segregation analysis could improve your bottom line, call us at _PHONE_ or send us an email at [email protected]. We're looking forward to working with you.