a hand holding a guitar
NEB Recommends Approval of the Trans Mountain Expansion Project
On February 22, 2019, the National Energy Board ("NEB" or the "Board") released its reconsideration report (the "Reconsideration") on the Trans Mountain Expansion Project (the "Project"). The Reconsideration follows the August 2018 Federal Court of Appeal decision that set aside the NEB's previous approval of the Project and the federal government's subsequent direction for the NEB to reconsider the Project to take into account Project-related marine shipping. In its lengthy report, the Board recommends the approval of the Project subject to the 156 conditions that it had proposed in its previous recommendation and 16 new recommendations that are aimed at mitigating the environmental impacts of marine shipping that are beyond the scope of the Board's regulatory authority. This recommendation flows from the Board's finding that the Project is in the Canadian public interest and is required by present and future public convenience and necessity. The NEB's decision is timely as it sends a signal for potential relief of the oil and gas industry's pipeline bottleneck days following the Alberta government's announcement of a deal to market crude by rail.
The Decision
In the Reconsideration, the Board makes three key findings with respect to the Project's environmental effects. First, the Project-related marine shipping is likely to cause significant adverse environmental effects on the Southern resident killer whale population and on Indigenous cultural use associated with same. Second, the marine shipping is likely to result in significant increases of greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, while unlikely to occur, the environmental effects from a worst-case spill would be significant. Ultimately, the Board concludes that the potential adverse effects can be justified in light of the Project's considerable benefits and the availability of mitigation measures.
Following the guidance from the Federal Court of Appeal, the Board's 16 new recommendations identify measures that fall within the federal government's jurisdiction notwithstanding that (1) the Board does not have authority to regulate marine shipping and (2) Trans Mountain may not have control over the implementation of the proposed measures. The Board's regulatory mandate remains limited to the requirements of the 156 conditions, while the Governor-in-Council has the requisite authority and flexibility to adopt the Board's recommended mitigation measures in any number of ways. Read the 16 recommendations at the end of this post.
The release of the Reconsideration starts the 90-day clock for the federal government to make its final decision for the Project.
The Board's approval of the Project is welcome news to the oil and gas industry and an important step toward the resolution of Canada's pipeline bottleneck and low oil price. At the provincial level, Alberta has adopted measures aimed at addressing the oil price slump, including the mandatory curtailment of crude oil production and the recently announced crude-by-rail deal. However, production cuts and alternative options to bring Alberta's oil to the market are intended to be only temporary solutions. Successful development of pipelines remains the most effective option of marketing Canadian crude oil. The Reconsideration illustrates how the NEB may make recommendations for matters outside its regulatory authority in discharging its public interest mandate. Further, the Reconsideration provides a precedent for how the NEB may address environmental impacts in future projects. The NEB's positive recommendation for the Project is a significant development for the oil and gas industry as it continues to navigate a complex regulatory environment.
BLG will continue to monitor this and other regulatory developments on the front burner and provide updates.
The Board's Recommendations
The NEB's recommendations include various measures aimed at monitoring and reporting on environmental impacts, and encouraging continuous engagement with Indigenous peoples. The 16 recommendations are summarized as follows:
 1. Develop a plan to assess the cumulative effects on the Salish Sea and a long-term strategy to manage these effects;
 2. Release an annual public report of the progress of measures to address the cumulative effects on the Salish Sea;
 3. Develop a marine bird monitoring and protection program;
 4. Expedite the completion of the feasibility study for establishing a Southern Strait of Georgia National Marine Conservation Area Reserve and establish it if considered feasible;
 5. Develop an offset program for increased underwater noise and increased strike risk posed to marine mammal and fish species listed in the Species at Risk Act;
 6. Consider the specific measures related to marine vessel usage and design;
 7. Update federal marine shipping oil spill response requirements;
 8. Develop a regulatory framework for mandatory enhanced tug escort in the Salish Sea for Project-related tankers;
 9. Consider the need for a Canada/United States Transboundary Vessel Traffic Risk Assessment;
 10. Support greenhouse gas reduction measures related to marine shipping;
 11. Facilitate opportunities to engage the Indigenous Advisory and Monitoring Committee on the marine safety system;
 12. Continue engagement activities targeting coastal Indigenous communities, recreational boaters, fishing vessel operators, and small vessel operators with respect to navigation safety and prevention of collision with large vessels;
 13. Combine current initiatives and investigate new paths for the delivery of government grants to promote innovation in new oil recovery technologies;
 14. Accelerate the development of the Enhanced Maritime Situational Awareness initiative and the extension of the Automatic Identification System to smaller passenger vessels;
 15. Review the federal marine oil spill compensatory framework to compensate for non-use values for Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities; and
 16. Develop a formal complaint resolution program to facilitate discussions on port-related impacts and resolve complaints relating marine vessels anchored at anchorages managed by the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority.


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Using only the demo version of the DirectSOFT 5 software, which limited me to 100 instructions, I programmed the DL05 for the following operations:
- An always-running monitoring stage that counts revolutions and calculates rpm.
- A startup stage that opens the turbine and engages the motors at the prescribed rpm.
- A shutdown stage that fully closes the turbine and disengages the motors.
The shutdown stage was triggered by any of three conditions: the shutdown button being pushed, an auxiliary contact on the motor contactors opening (meaning AC control power was interrupted), or rpm out of normal operating range.
The turbine drives three electric motors via pulleys and belt drives.
Making, measuring, and monitoring power
In May 2008, we signed an interconnection agreement with Mid-Carolina Electric Cooperative (MCEC) and its supplier, Central Electric Power (CEP). In June 2008, we began feeding power into the grid.
Throughout the summer, we started and shut down the plant manually at our discretion, taking into account the lake level and the utility's time-of-use tariffs. The utility paid us nearly double for power generated during peak demand summer hours -- a financial incentive that remains to this day.
Later that summer, we installed a submersible water level sensor to monitor the lake. This 4–20mA device was wired into an AutomationDirect four-channel analog current-input module added to the DL-05 PLC.
Upgrading to the full version of DirectSOFT 5 added capacity and programming capabilities. I could now program the system to shut down automatically when the lake level fell below a certain point. I also added an autostart function that started generation whenever the level rose above the spillway in the dam. However, we still needed to know how much power we were producing.
Though it's possible to use transformers and signal conditioners to get voltage and current information into a PLC, it's complicated in terms of hardware and ladder logic. Instead, we purchased an AccuEnergy Acuvim II panel-mounted power meter. By installing it and an AutomationDirect RS-232/RS-485 converter, I could poll the power meter over MODBUS to determine volts and amps, instantaneous kW, cumulative kWh produced, the power factor, frequency, and other relevant power parameters.
However, I was only able to see these operating parameters by remotely logging into the computer and looking at the DirectSOFT 5 programming software's data view window. It enabled me to do some rudimentary remote control, such as starting or shutting down the plant, but it certainly wasn't user friendly.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Books for Heritage Trip Preparation
Written by Lotus Travel on 16 Apr 2018
Want to prepare yourself and your child as you think about heritage travel. Here are some top recommendations:
Heritage Trip Books
From Home to Homeland: What Adoptive Families Need to Know Before making a Return Trip to China, Edited by D. Jacobs, I. Ponte & L. Wang.
- This is the definitive and ideal guide for any family contemplating making a return birth country visit. It has compilations from parents and adopted children alike, and all journeys were not ideal, but offer many learning insights. This resource also includes several professional insights and is the "classic" for adoptive parents on the edge of planning a return visit.
Wuhu Diary: On Taking My Adopted Daughter Back to Her Hometown in China by Emily Prager
- This is an account of a return trip Prager made with LuLu, her five-year-old daughter, in an effort to reintroduce LuLu to her roots. They spend an extended time and go beyond the typical tourist locales as they visit nursery schools and amusement parks.
When You Were Born in China: A Memory Book for Children Adopted from China, by Sara Dorow and Stephen Wunrow
- It covers various conversational techniques and guidelines for discussions over the adoptees' birth country-China. Strong visual photographs enhance the level of enjoyment and imagination during the explorations of adopted children's initial cultural heritages.
Kids Like Me In China, by Ying Ying Fry and Amy Klatzkin
- Written from the perspective of an adopted Chinese girl, this book is an overview of her experiences, in which many adoption aspects that adults often struggle to explain are included.
If the World Were a Village: A Book About the World's People, by David Smith and Shelagh Armstrong
- This clever idea is created in this book that reduces the world population of approximately six billion to a more manageable one hundred. This allows the reader context to understand crucial statistics for comparison and understanding. This is a delightful resource to help kids and adults understand each of our own unique place that we occupy within the world.
ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED BY


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Masaaki Tanaka, Akira Ishii, Emi Yamano, Hiroki Ogikubo, Masatsugu Okazaki, Kazuro Kamimura, Yasuharu Konishi, Shigeru Emoto, Yasuyoshi Watanabe
Med Sci Monit 2012; 18(12): CR706-711
Available online: 2012-12-01
Background: A depressive state is a common symptom in the elderly and often accompanies cognitive impairment. The coexistence of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment is a serious problem, as it increases adverse outcomes for health, functional status, and mortality. It would thus be of great value to clarify the cognitive dysfunction associated with depressive symptoms. We aimed to identify the cognitive dysfunction, in particular, impairment of the response inhibition component of executive function, associated with depressive symptoms in elderly females using the Simple Color Reaction Test and Modified Stroop Color-Word Test.
Material/Methods: The study group consisted of 35 elderly women. They performed cognitive function task trials for 9 min. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of the depressive state.
Results: Longer reaction time and lower correction rate of response inhibition trials were related to the prevalence of the depressive symptoms.
Conclusions: Impaired function of response inhibition may be a specific feature of the depressive state. Our findings may help clarify the neural mechanisms underlying the depressive state of elderly females.
Keywords: Japan - epidemiology, Depression - physiopathology, Cognition Disorders - physiopathology, Logistic Models, Prevalence


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CELLMEN AFTER SHAVE CREAM/ LOTION
After Shave CreamCellmen Cellsplash
Cellmen CellSplash is the after-shave cream that has unique daily invigorating liquid texture exclusively formulated for men's skin hormones. Cellmen CellSplash is thoroughly alcohol and methanol free after-shave cream.
Energize and Soothe Male Skin with Cellsplash After Shave Cream
After daily or weekly cleaning –
Toning and rebalancing the skin's pH level after cleansing is an essential part of looking after your skin. This action:
- Completes the cleansing process.
- Rebalances the skin's hydrolipidic film.
- Optimizes the skin's absorption of Phyto and cellular extracts.
Shaving daily acts as a combative process to the skin. Cellmen CellSplash After Shave Lotion alters the already deficient hydrolipidic film and modifies its natural pH level. This after-shave cream causes dehydration, cutaneous irritation, and a lack of protection for the skin when exposed to a range of external aggressions. This problem is further intensified for men by the visibility of red spots and redness, mainly in the neck area, causing discomfort and is stunningly unattractive.
Agonizingly, many men still tent to use alcohol-based products or after shaving lotion. However, It is like putting 90º proof alcohol on a wound!
After shaving the skin needs effective skincare tailored explicitly to its masculine identity to help:
- Regenerate the hydrolipidic film after shaving.
- Immediately soothe.
- Regulate cutaneous homeostasis.
Cellmen Cellsplash After Shave Cream
Preserve cutaneous homeostasis
Maintain the balance of cutaneous functions despite external aggressions. Normal and correct skin functioning is maintained utilizing a homeostasis mechanism. Water and ion balance are two of the most critical factors for this homeostasis mechanism to work well.
- Water provides the medium for the metabolic processes to take place.
- Distribution of ions into the different skin layers determine the movements of fluids between the intracellular and the extracellular spaces, the maintenance of the membrane electrochemical potential, and the starting or inactivation of many cellular processes.
After Shave Cream for MenCellmen Cellsplash
Cellmen CellSplash resides in its double function as both a revitalizing, rebalancing cellular tonic and a calming after-shave lotion.
This after shaving cream contributes to the following factors:
- Clean, refreshed and toned skin.
- Soothed, rebalanced skin.
- A more radiant complexion.
Recommended to Men
- Exclusively reserved for men, from age 20.
- All skin types, even sensitive skin.
- For all men looking for a healthy, alcohol-free, after-shave treatment.


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Examples of rife sentences. Journalists, word game players, and people looking to increase their knowledge of English might especially like this page. The lines of text below use rife in a sentence, and provide visitors a sentence for rife.
- In spite of all reticence, rumour was busy and curiosity still rife. (8)
- In these days dangers, pitfalls, snares, were rife; in these days men went about and openly, unashamedly advocated shameful doctrines. (8)
- Pogis, and from the instinct of a society woman, already rife in her. (9)
Glad you visited this page with a sentence for rife. Perhaps also see a sentence for revelations and ways to use rivalry in a sentence. Now that you've seen how to use rife in a sentence hope you might explore the rest of this educational reference site Sentencefor.com to see many other example sentences which provide word usage information.


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- Passivity and passiveness are nouns derived from the adjective passive.
- Both nouns mean the same thing and are often listed as synonyms.
Passive is an adjective; a word we use to describe someone or something that is not active. Someone who is lethargic can be described as passive. When we're allowing something to happen and not doing it ourselves, we're being passive.
You probably know that you can turn an adjective into a noun by adding the right suffix. In the case of the adjective passive, you can use two different suffixes to create two different nouns with the same meaning.
Meaning of Passivity and Passiveness
The two nouns in question are passivity and passiveness. If you look them up in dictionaries, you'll find that they're often listed simply as nouns derived from the adjective passive. If you manage to find them defined individually, you can expect the dictionary to tell you that passivity is the state of being passive and that passiveness is the condition of being passive. In most cases, the words are listed as being each other's synonyms.
The suffix in the word passivity—-ity—is generally used with words of Latin origin. And yes, passive is a word of Latin origin. On the other hand, the -ness in passiveness is a suffix native to the English language, and as such can be used on any word, regardless of its origin. That's why it's okay to say either passivity or passiveness, though it appears that passivity is the more common one.
Passivity and Passiveness: Examples
Passivity and passiveness are nouns that denote a state and a condition of someone or something. You can use it when you want to say that someone is not taking an active role in things going on around them, that someone is letting things go by without reacting to them, or that someone is letting something be done to them without resisting:
from Grammarly Blog


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79. Since there are two general elements in the universe, the intelligent element and the material element, is it correct to say that spirits are formed from the intelligent element as inert bodies are formed from the material element?
"Obviously. Spirits are the individualizations of the intelligent principle, as bodies are the individualizations of the material principle. It is the time and mode of this formation that are unknown to us."


Stages of Flower Seeds
Germination and Growth
All flower seeds follow the same stages, or life cycle. There are six main stages in the flower seed life cycle: germination, growth, flowering, fruit or seed pod production, seed dispersion and death. The main difference between flower seeds is how long they take to complete each stage. Annual flowers like marigolds, calendulas and poppies take about a year. Perennial flower seeds such as lavender, astilbe and hollyhocks have longer cycles. If you have a flower seed large enough to split open with your fingernail, you will notice three main divisions. The protective coat covers the exterior. Inside, the endosperm occupies most of the space, and the smallest part is the embryo. A flower seed depends on two factors to germinate, humidity and warmth. Once damp and warm enough, the flower embryo inside the protective seed coat absorbs water and swells. The growing embryo depends on the endosperm for nourishment until it sends out roots and cotyledons. Embryonic leaves make their appearance a few days after the cotyledon emerges from the soil, and the plant starts its process of photosynthesis. The seedling now enters into its second stage, plant growth. The cotyledon thickens into a stalk, and more leaves appear. Once a bud is produced, the flowering and fruit stages come next.
Flowering and Fruits
The original seed, now a mature plant, enters into the flowering and fruiting stages. This is the reproductive stage that produces new flower seeds. The flower gets pollinated, which starts the process of fertilization. A zygote is produced, which becomes a growing embryo. This will eventually become a new seed, but first the flower produces a fruit. You may not think of flowers as having fruit. If you carefully observe your plant once it has lost its petals, you will notice a bulbous growth, which is the fruit. It may look more like a pod. The growing fruit or pod has seeds inside it. Depending on the flower variety, it can take days or months to complete the flowering and fruiting stages.
New Seed Production
Lastly, the mature fruit bursts open and disperses new flower seeds. Having almost completed its life cycle, the last stage a flower seed goes through is death. The original flower seed has gone through many transformations as it goes through its life cycle, eventually leaving behind more flower seeds. It can be a fascinating experience to follow a flower seed through its different stages, for adults and children alike.
Keywords: stages of flower seeds, seed life cycle, flower seeds
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Jan Lokpal Bill: Have We Accomplished Anything So Far? by Dr. Gopal Singh SignUp
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Jan Lokpal Bill: Have We Accomplished Anything So Far?
by Dr. Gopal Singh Bookmark and Share
A lot has gone on during the past 100 days on the subject of drafting a meaningful Jan Lokpal Bill capable of tackling the corruption choking our nation every day. The net outcome so far is hardly a surprise. So, was this a meaningless exercise in futility? Why did we go through all this at all?
How can a government, neck deep in corruption, agree to draft a strong anti-corruption bill? How can a system corrupt within itself, cure itself by itself?
If we examine it carefully, we find that it has been a very meaningful endeavor on part of the civil society and the country:
 1. The country has been galvanized on this issue over the past 100 days. Corruption has been a major problem for all of us for decades but we felt mostly helpless in tackling it and besides engaging in idle talks about it, did nothing to address the issue directly. Team Anna gave us an effective alternative to deal with it.
 2. This was by far one of the most hotly debated draft of a bill in our post independence history. A significant portion of the population became aware of the term Lokpal and its purpose. A vast number of people became aware of all the pros and cons of both drafts.
 3. The government was put in the focus and could not quietly pass another bill to create yet another toothless agency to "fight corruption" to pacify the public discontent.
 4. The civil society and its members, by and large handled themselves very well. They posted the meeting minutes regularly, solicited public inputs, expressed their discontent with the attitude of the government panel of ministers not willing to address the real issues of creating an effective Lokpal Bill. They also handled effectively the smear campaign against them by the government and the UPA. They stayed away from any political, communal or sectarian alliances. Baba Ramdev's movement was a distraction as it happened during the same time frame, but Anna and the team kept their relationship at arm's length without compromising their approach. Their tactical decision to boycott one of the meetings was effective in raising the exposure to the public about the underhanded government approach of agreeing with minor issues to kill time and then taking unsubstantiated dictatorial stand against all the key issues.
 5. The decision to participate in all the meetings till June 30 even though the differences were glaring and uncompromising in nature was appropriate. This only further highlighted the fallacy in the government's positions.
 6. The classic political moves by the government to pacify legitimate public outrage against corruption did not work. The plan was to readily agree to the civil society demands to defuse a volatile situation and then slowly kill the movement by smearing the reputation of the opponents and confusing the public by offering a series of convoluted and misleading arguments and counter-arguments. The prevailing logic to drag it out long enough until the public loses its interest did not work.
 7. The government's position became crystallized. They had no plans to be specific on key issues but were left with no choice but to take positions. Their current position further reinforces their disingenuous actions and those of the other governments in the past in keeping the Lokpal Bill in a perpetual coma.
 8. Several fundamental issues were brought to light and tested. Do the citizens in a democratic country have the fundamental right to voice their discontent about the actions and practices followed by their government in a peaceful manner? Can they hold peaceful rallies? Can they go on peaceful fasts to protest against these actions and practices? These are in focus right now and will be repeatedly tested in the future.
To be certain, there are questions that can be raised about the civil society Jan Lokpal Bill as well. It is not a panacea to solve all our corruption problems. But then again if we wait for a panacea we may never get any relief at all. The biggest point in favor of the Jan Lokpal Bill is that it appears to be a genuine attempt to control the corruption rampant in our country. If the government was willing to start with a similar premise and participate in the drafting process then real tactical, procedural and legal improvements could have been made to refine it and make it even more acceptable.
For instance, it stands to reason that the institutions of the Lokpal, Lokayukta, CBI, CVC, Election Commission, Human Rights Commission and still a few others could be brought directly under the President (an elected public servant) and thereby made to operate independent of the government. This could be done with certain minor amendments in the constitution. This point has been brought out repeatedly in the past by another prominent contributor to this forum.
The basic question still remains: How can a government, neck deep in corruption, agree to draft a strong anti-corruption bill? How can a system corrupt within itself, cure itself by itself? It has earned itself a position between a rock and a hard spot. There are no good choices left for it. If it agrees to draft an effective Lokpal Bill, it signs on a document of its own demise. If it wiggles, hedges and tries to politically diffuse the corruption issue, at this juncture it can only buy some more time. The eventual demise is only postponed for a while. The issue at this point is too hot and crystallized to diffuse and disappear in the near future.
Perhaps this is the single most effective accomplishment achieved thus far by the civil society movement. They have brought the issue to the front burner and forced the government to take positions on it. They have succeeded in getting the people involved. Our democracy is beginning to mature. The game is not over yet. We are in a half-time recess. The second half is yet to be played. The civil society may appear to be behind in score at this point, but do not count it out by any means. As they say; It ain't over until it is OVER.
Meanwhile, we cannot stand on the sidelines as the spectators. We have to get involved. If we are already involved, then get more involved to support this movement. Do not forget: We are the Players!
More by : Dr. Gopal Singh
Views: 3070
Article Comment The is fear in certain sections of the society that civil society members want all the powers of elected representatives without actually going through the election process. This cannot be called fair in a democracy. Politicians are corrupt and so are many Indians. Politicians do not come from heaven. They come from the society, which shapes them. We just cannot play with the form of democracy in our country. While there is instability in a large part of the world, we are sailing smoothly. The virtues of a system begin to surface once the system is broken but then, it gets too late. India does not need a revolution; it needs evolution. All of us need to become more sincere, honest and hard-working. The PM does not tell the peon in the collectorate to take bribe and then carry the file. brLook at the way RTI has gone into the hands of black-mailers who take money and then withdraw applications. All the negative, jealous forces are using RTI to trouble people, settle scores and get money. brOnce the quality of people gets poor, no system works.
Prof. Shubha Tiwari
Article Comment the jan lokpal bill is only a beginning.it is not the panacea against corruption,but may check it to an extent of 50 - 60%.let the process against corruption start,let us not abort this process because a tipping point has been reached when an average indian will not tolerate the corrupt,their supporters,their coterie,the elite and those whose cosy network with the powers that be which would be disrupted if the lokpal bill saw the light of day,-hijack their very basis for a better life.the old corrupt guard and their apologists have to make way for the young,new india which is yearning to be corruption free.the youth of india is a tsunami which will drown these old corrupt fogies and their ilk.the youth will not be denied-not this time.the nac draft is politically motivated and an insult to honest indians.
Article Comment Prof Tiwari, In my most recent article in this forum titled What is a Civil Society?, I have offered my views on some of your comments. Thank you.
dr. gopal singh
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GUSINJE – RYCO Local Branch Office in Montenegro in partnership with the Association of Women Entrepreneurs and with the support of the Embassy of the French Republic in Montenegro organized a two-day camp in Gusinje "A Better Region Starts with YOUth" on 11 – 12 June where they discussed youth activism, entrepreneurship and regional cooperation, but also shared their impressions from RYCO youth exchanges.
The camp's opening ceremony kicked off with the introductory speeches delivered by Ambassador of the French Republic H. E. Ms Christine Toudic and RYCO Local Branch Officer in Montenegro Mr Edin Koljenović. They both highlighted the importance of the implementation of youth exchange programs, as well as networking between young people in the Western Balkans but also within their own societies.
The two-day camp gathered high school students from several Montenegrin municipalities such as Nikšić, Bijelo Polje, Berane, Plav and Gusinje. Students of the Secondary Economic and Catering School from Nikšić and the Secondary Vocational School from Berane who were participating in the first youth exchange programs supported by RYCO attended the event, too.
The participants had the opportunity to attend a number of workshops dealing with topics such as youth civic activism, youth entrepreneurship and networking opportunities in the regional context. Furthermore, they also had the opportunity to learn more about activities and opportunities for young people that the French Institute and French Cultural Centre in Montenegro offer.
Finally, a special session was conducted by the participants of the first RYCO youth exchanges where they motivatingly shared their impressions from the exchanges with their peers. Their speeches reflected sincere emotions provoked by beautiful memories, encouraging the rest of the youth audience to take part in such or similar projects conducted by RYCO and its partners in the future.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


\*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, and by Npcap or WinPcap on Windows. As such the Wireshark personal hosts file will not be consulted for capture filter name resolution.
Name Resolution (subnets)
If an IPv4 address cannot be translated via name resolution (no exact match is found) then a partial match is attempted via the subnets file.
Each line of this file consists of an IPv4 address, a subnet mask length separated only by a / and a name separated by whitespace. While the address must be a full IPv4 address, any values beyond the mask length are subsequently ignored.
An example is:
# Comments must be prepended by the # sign! 192.168.0.0/24 ws_test_network
A partially matched name will be printed as "subnet-name.remaining-address". For example, "192.168.0.1" under the subnet above would be printed as "ws_test_network.1"; if the mask length above had been 16 rather than 24, the printed address would be ''ws_test_network.0.1".
Name Resolution (ethers)
The ethers files are consulted to correlate 6-byte hardware addresses to names. First the personal ethers file is tried and if an address is not found there the global ethers file is tried next.
Each line contains one hardware address and name, separated by whitespace. The digits of the hardware address are separated by colons (:), dashes (-) or periods (.). The same separator character must be used consistently in an address. The following three lines are valid lines of an ethers file:
ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Broadcast
c0-00-ff-ff-ff-ff TR_broadcast
00.00.00.00.00.00 Zero_broadcast
The global ethers file is looked for in the /etc directory on UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, and in the main installation directory (for example, C:\Program Files\Wireshark) on Windows systems.
The personal ethers file is looked for in the same directory as the personal preferences file.
Capture filter name resolution is handled by libpcap on UNIX-compatible systems and Npcap or WinPcap on Windows. As such the Wireshark personal ethers file will not be consulted for capture filter name resolution.
Name Resolution (manuf)
The manuf file is used to match the 3-byte vendor portion of a 6-byte hardware address with the manufacturer's name; it can also contain well-known MAC addresses and address ranges specified with a netmask. The format of the file is the same as the ethers files, except that entries of the form:
00:00:0C Cisco
can be provided, with the 3-byte OUI and the name for a vendor, and entries such as:
00-00-0C-07-AC/40 All-HSRP-routers
can be specified, with a MAC address and a mask indicating how many bits of the address must match. The above entry, for example, has 40 significant bits, or 5 bytes, and would match addresses from 00-00-0C-07-AC-00 through 00-00-0C-07-AC-FF. The mask need not be a multiple of 8.
The manuf file is looked for in the same directory as the global preferences file.
Name Resolution (services)
The services file is used to translate port numbers into names.
The file has the standard services file syntax; each line contains one (service) name and one transport identifier separated by white space. The transport identifier includes one port number and one transport protocol name (typically tcp, udp, or sctp) separated by a /.
An example is:
mydns 5045/udp # My own Domain Name Server
mydns 5045/tcp # My own Domain Name Server
Name Resolution (ipxnets)
The ipxnets files are used to correlate 4-byte IPX network numbers to names. First the global ipxnets file is tried and if that address is not found there the personal one is tried next.
The format is the same as the ethers file, except that each address is four bytes instead of six. Additionally, the address can be represented as a single hexadecimal number, as is more common in the IPX world, rather than four hex octets. For example, these four lines are valid lines of an ipxnets file:
C0.A8.2C.00 HR
c0-a8-1c-00 CEO
00:00:BE:EF IT_Server1
110f FileServer3
The global ipxnets file is looked for in the /etc directory on UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, and in the main installation directory (for example, C:\Program Files\Wireshark) on Windows systems.
The personal ipxnets file is looked for in the same directory as the personal preferences file.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
WIRESHARK_CONFIG_DIR
This environment variable overrides the location of personal configuration files. On UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, it defaults to $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark (or, if that directory doesn't exist but $HOME/.wireshark does exist, $HOME/.wireshark); this is typically $HOME/.config/wireshark. On Windows, it defaults to %APPDATA%\Wireshark (or, if %APPDATA% isn't defined, %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Wireshark). Available since Wireshark 3.0.
WIRESHARK_DEBUG_WMEM_OVERRIDE
Setting this environment variable forces the wmem framework to use the specified allocator backend for all allocations, regardless of which backend is normally specified by the code. This is mainly useful to developers when testing or debugging. See README.wmem in the source distribution for details.
WIRESHARK_RUN_FROM_BUILD_DIRECTORY
This environment variable causes the plugins and other data files to be loaded from the build directory (where the program was compiled) rather than from the standard locations. It has no effect when the program in question is running with root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX.
WIRESHARK_DATA_DIR
This environment variable causes the various data files to be loaded from a directory other than the standard locations. It has no effect when the program in question is running with root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems.
ERF_RECORDS_TO_CHECK
This environment variable controls the number of ERF records checked when deciding if a file really is in the ERF format. Setting this environment variable a number higher than the default (20) would make false positives less likely.
IPFIX_RECORDS_TO_CHECK
This environment variable controls the number of IPFIX records checked when deciding if a file really is in the IPFIX format. Setting this environment variable a number higher than the default (20) would make false positives less likely.
WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_DISSECTOR_BUG
If this environment variable is set, Rawshark will call abort(3) when a dissector bug is encountered. abort(3) will cause the program to exit abnormally; if you are running Rawshark in a debugger, it should halt in the debugger and allow inspection of the process, and, if you are not running it in a debugger, it will, on some OSes, assuming your environment is configured correctly, generate a core dump file. This can be useful to developers attempting to troubleshoot a problem with a protocol dissector.
WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_TOO_MANY_ITEMS
If this environment variable is set, Rawshark will call abort(3) if a dissector tries to add too many items to a tree (generally this is an indication of the dissector not breaking out of a loop soon enough). abort(3) will cause the program to exit abnormally; if you are running Rawshark in a debugger, it should halt in the debugger and allow inspection of the process, and, if you are not running it in a debugger, it will, on some OSes, assuming your environment is configured correctly, generate a core dump file. This can be useful to developers attempting to troubleshoot a problem with a protocol dissector.
SEE ALSO
NOTES
This is the manual page for Rawshark 4.2.5. Rawshark is part of the Wireshark distribution. The latest version of Wireshark can be found at _URL_.
HTML versions of the Wireshark project man pages are available at _URL_
AUTHORS
Rawshark uses the same packet dissection code that Wireshark does, as well as using many other modules from Wireshark; see the list of authors in the Wireshark man page for a list of authors of that code.


text:
The ROTRF is proud to announce that in 2014 it completed its mission and no further funding cycles are planned.
The ROTRF supported important and innovative research projects relevant to organ transplantation, particularly where there was an unmet medical need.
Our priority was to support clinically oriented research projects, such as observational clinical studies or studies that use human transplant samples for laboratory examinations, and to focus on understanding the pathogenesis and prevention of human transplantation diseases, including organ injury and rejection, viral infection, and late graft deterioration. Furthermore, the ROTRF considered funding research that addressed related clinical issues in non-transplant patients, including hepatitis C infection and other viral infections, and inflammatory processes relevant to human organ transplantation. These related clinical issues had to demonstrate their relevance to disease phenotypes in organ transplant patients. The Trustees also considered funding studies that investigated transplant populations, ethics, organ preservation and allocation, and healthcare delivery. Moreover, the ROTRF welcomed research in new emerging technologies that examined the pathogenesis of human disease states in organ transplantation. If animal models were used to complement the clinical research, a higher priority was given to those that simulated pathological states and mechanisms operating in human organ transplantation.


text:
What is bread sticks, breadsticks, grissini?
Bread sticks are long, thin pieces of crispy, dry bread. The origin of bread sticks can be traced back to the Italian city of Turin, as early as the 14th century. The original design for bread sticks was hand-rolled and sometimes twisted into various shapes.
A basic bread stick recipe uses flour, water and salt. However many chefs nowadays use some or the other variety of yeast dough to make bread sticks. Pizza dough is most suitable. The dough is rolled out flat, cut into strips, rolled into cylindrical sticks and then baked till golden and crispy. The trick is to always achieve the crisp and dry texture without allowing the bread to burn.
They can be baked plain, just seasoned with salt or flavoured with garlic, sesame seeds, poppy seeds, honey, paprika flakes, caramelised onions, herbs like rosemary, thyme, etc. Nowadays, several options such as whole wheat or even multi-grain bread sticks are available in the market.
Also known as
breadsticks, grissini, grissini sticks
How to select bread sticks, breadsticks, grissini
- While bread sticks are relatively easy to make, most people prefer to buy readymade ones.
- If purchasing from the bakery, ensure they are just out of the oven!
- If buying from the supermarket, choose a reliable brand and check the dates of manufacturing and expiry, and seal of the pack.
Culinary Uses of bread sticks, breadsticks, grissini in Indian Cooking
- Bread sticks are commonly served with soups, as part of the bread basket that also contains buns, dinner rolls, etc.
- Bread sticks can be flavoured with herbs, cheese, tomato puree, garlic etc. When flavoured, bread sticks add more flavour to soups.
- In fine dining restaurants, bread sticks are served with tossed salads, spaghetti etc.
- They can also be combined with ingredients like Prosciutto to form classical starters.
- They are often offered at wine tasting sessions to cleanse the palate in between tasting wines.
How to store bread sticks, breadsticks, grissini
Store bread sticks in airtight containers away from moisture. Use within a week.


Monstrous Humanoids vs Beastmen, more Chaotic Chaos
The toadmen were created by the ogres as servants.
The lizardmen were rewarded by their swamp-gods.
Dwarves and Elves I haven't decided yet, and welcome suggestions.
Let's have a dwarfy post.
Most tropes that apply to klingons or vikings apply to dwarves.
What's the deal with lizardmen?
What if they don't like the cold?
Here's a rough draft!
Oh, duh. Just have the Czar pass favors to his favorite and require duties of the rulers of the other zones. That's the most straightforward option for sure.
Alright, so, let's use the book to learn about our empire! So, everyone gets 4-6 vassals. I already know I want five kings, but beyond that, I'm just going to use a dieroller to randomly figure out some totals.
1 Emperor
5 kings
26 princes
130 dukes
650 counts
1950 marquis
7869 barons.
Now, I think that the bears and mongols are relatively desolate kingdoms, not to mention that they have substantial nonhuman populations that are harder to sustain, so they will have the lowest population density the book suggests, at 40 people a square mile. The swamp is probably a bit more lively, so I'll give it 50 people/square mile. The southern human kingdom is excellent growing country, with 80 people/square mile. Lastly, the northern kingdom SHOULD be a desolate wasteland, but it's importing lots of food, so we'll give it 80 as well. That's 4,000, 5,000, and 8,000 families per hex.
I *had* written down the exact hexes of each of my kingdoms, but I failed to retain that document, so I'll wing it.
The bear kingdom is about 80 hexes. 320,000 families.
The Northern Human kingdom is about 250. 2,000,000 families
The Centuar Kingdom is about 400. 1,600,000 families
The Southern Human Kingdoms is about 600. 4,800,000 families
The lizard kingdoms is about 240. 1,200,000 families
Total empire size: 1,540 hexes, 9,360,000 families total.
This gives us, first and foremost, an idea of how big our settlements will be based on realm pop. So here's how our realm breakdown works:
Emperor has over 4 million families, owns a max size metropolis.
NHK and SHK own over 2 million each, so they get smaller metropoli too.
CK, LK, and BK all get Large Cities, class II markets.
Princes will then control some fraction of that, but I haven't drawn lines yet or figured out how many princes are assigned to each kingdom. Everyone except the bears can support class 2 markets even at the principality scale though, so every prince except for four controls a large city.
So that's 1 emperor's metropolis, 2 king's metropolises, 3 king's large cities, 22 prince's large cities, and 4 bear prince small cities.
That's probably all the cities worth putting on the large-scale map for the empire. We don't have to roll demand modifiers for all of them, because the trade routes are short enough that unless they're directly adajcent, they don't interfere with each other! Only the one closest to our players will matter.
GODS, METAPHYSICS THEREOF: The more powerful a god is, the less time it spends on the earth, and the more time it spends in the Sacred Realm. The less powerful a god is, the less time it can spend in the Sacred Realm. The line between God and Demi-God is thus drawn based on which domain the being spends more time in.
Very, very powerful beings have a very difficult time entering the material plane, and may do so only at great cost, or with great assistance from the other side. They prefer to act through champions and intermediaries.
Divinity is acquired through the relationship of an individual with communities. Worship is the act of consciously choosing to transmit divine power, but unconsciously, almost all actions resonate with energy. Adoration, fear, lustany time you think about something really hard, that's sort of like worshipping them. It's not as direct as saying "PRAISE [X] WHO I AM WORSHIPPING RIGHT NOW" but it's a start. A lot of the Early Gods were legendary beasts that the first bands of humans told stories about around the campfire, gathered together to fear and hate, and they grew bigger and meaner off of those liquorous emotions. (That's why ancient cthonic gods are kept a secretBecause, say, ten people fearing them is as good as one person worshipping them.) Others ascended to divnity off of more positive emotions and became champions of humanity.
Gods are thus tied to their relationship with their believers, and shaped by it. Most can't benefit from anything other than direct worship and a couple favorite emotions, and it's a lot of effort to learn to accept a new feeling. Even if they went through the effort, Divine Space Hitler can't suddenly turn around and be nice, because he's depending on fear and hatred from the general populace for most of his divine power. He could try for it, and maybe the rebranding would be successful, but he'd probably end up a lot weaker, or forgotten entirely. Even one nice act could ruin his reputation.
Pretty much anything can store energy. It takes a lot of people or a lot of time, usually both, to make something a god, but sometimes stored energy precipitates out as small miracles. Parents superhumanly lifting trees off of children might just be tapping into the bank of stored energy from years of loving that kid.
This does mean that maybe, maybe just once in my campaign, I'll allow the Power of Friendship to be invoked between two characters that really have been friends for a long time.
Once, there were many tribes and city-states in the land-that-would-be-Borya. A lot of them had their own little gods. The ogres killed many of them, used powerful magic to enslave others, and some simply fled, presumably dwindling to mortality without worshippers. When the revolution came, Caesar again defeated the conquered gods, but did not free them, instead, he seized them, and bound them anew to his cause.
The gods of Borya must obey the laws and serve its people, but this was not a choice. They are the Lawful gods because their chains are Law and they unbreakable. Below the slave-gods are the Saints, legendary Boryans who were canonized for their contribution. The pantheon of saints and slave-gods are worshipped collectively by Borya, and when the horse-men of the West were annexed, some of their gods voluntarily became chained.
This is a good place to tie back in to "my" dwarves. Dwarves don't have gods. Instead, they have a form of ancestor worship and belief in a time-bound afterlife. When a dwarf dies, his soul goes to the Great Workshop, where it labors to protect mortal dwarves from supernatural foes. The soul of a dwarf only lasts as long as something the dwarf created is still existent in the world. This is why their traditional leaders are Craftpriests. Those who work in stone or metal are the most highly regarded, for their works will last for centuries if nothing goes wrong. Farmers are regarded as very nearly the lowest of the low, for crops last no more than a year or so before being either eaten or replanted. Dwarves mark objects that are intended for export with secret craft-marks that virtually no non-dwarves can identify. These objects are well made, but are not intended to be the anchors of a dwarven soul. A non-dwarf, any non-dwarf, with an object that was clearly made by a dwarf but does not have the craft-mark will draw instant, unremitting hostility from any dwarf, because it means the immortality of a dwarven soul is in the hands of a non-dwarf. This is not tolerable. Wars have been started over a human noble possessing the wrong dwarven sculpture. Orcs are known to engage in spiritual warfare against dwarves by taking the arms and armor of slain dwarves, partially melting them and twisting them into useless slag, then using catapults to launch them into the courtyards of dwarven fortresses.
The Craftpriests are the most righteous of dwarves, those who are able to channel the power of their ancestors to protect and heal their people and their allies. Furies are dwarves who have sacrificed their chance for immortality to become powerful warriors, capable of slaying many mortal foes. Vaultguards are pretty much normal dwarves. Delvers are almost a sort of holy warrior, breaking the objects of other races so their ancestors will go to their final death. Machinists, though...machinists are heretics. Every good dwarf knows that dwarfishness revolves around doing work with ones own hands. Machinists, though, have become focused on efficiency, on creating things to do work for them. This offends traditional dwarves. Furies will often get along with Machinists, since both are pragmatists at heart, but Vaultguards will be split, and Craftpriests will almost never tolerate the presence of a Machinist. Some


text:
With NSF Grant, ODU's Burdige Will Be Looking for Missing Neodymium Flux
Old Dominion University oceanographer David Burdige will do some scientific sleuthing in what might be called "The Case of the Missing Neodymium Flux" as an investigator on a $264,000 project funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Isotopes of the rare earth element neodymium are present in varying forms in the oceans. Scientists use the slight atomic differences between these isotopes to trace them back to the land mass where they originated, and because of this, the isotopes serve as tracers of circulation in today's oceans. Also, in the layers of sediments at the ocean's bottom, neodymium isotopic signatures form a record of ocean circulation going back millions of years.
But while more and more scientists are looking to neodymium isotopes for answers about the oceans and global climate, there remain unanswered questions about the oceanic neodymium budget. There seems to be more of the element getting into the oceans than anyone has accounted for. This has been dubbed the "neodymium paradox."
Some researchers have speculated that particles deposited in the oceans by winds or rivers release more neodymium upon contact with seawater than has been measured so far. Burdige and his partner in the NSF study, Karen H. Johannesson, a geochemist at Tulane University, believe, on the other hand, that groundwater discharges that happen under the surface of the oceans contain precisely the concentrations and forms of isotopes needed to balance the neodymium budget.
The three-year NSF grant was funded through a program at NSF called Emerging Topics in Biogeochemical Sciences and is titled "Collaborative Research: Evaluating the Role of Submarine Groundwater Discharge in the Oceanic Neodymium Budget."
Burdige, who is professor and eminent scholar of ocean, earth and atmospheric sciences, said the questions about the neodymium budget limit the ability of researchers to "confidently interpret the geochemistry of neodymium in the modern oceans and, perhaps more importantly, to read the paleoceanographic neodymium isotope record."
Preliminary analysis by Burdige and Johannesson, which was reported in an article they wrote for the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letter, suggests that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to the oceans is a major component of the missing neodymium flux.
"A primary goal of this project is to assemble a data base of neodymium concentrations and isotope ratios for groundwaters from a range of locations that discharge to the coastal oceans," the researchers wrote in their project proposal. "These data will subsequently be used to develop a global mass balance model to test whether the measured neodymium concentrations and isotope ratios of SGD are sufficient to balance the oceanic neodymium budget. The model will also be used to evaluate the impact of varying groundwater neodymium fluxes, and their associated isotopic composition, on the paleoceanographic neodymium isotope record preserved in hydrogenous sediments."
Burdige said he believes the proposal also hits on other important issues beyond neodymium, "namely the ability to begin to quantify groundwater discharge to the oceans, in general." This has become a hot topic in recent years, and he thinks that this aspect of the project caught the attention of geochemists, hydrogeologists and oceanographers more broadly interested in better understanding land-ocean couplings. The NSF grant runs from Oct. 1 of this year thru September 2011.
This article was posted on: October 7, 2008
Old Dominion University
Office of University Relations
Room 100 Koch Hall Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0018
Old Dominion University is an equal opportunity, affirmative action institution.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Convert cord to a | cord to ares
All content site-map> Building plans> Building details> Cooking> Firing ovens> Food nutrients> Flour measures> Oven photos>
area surface units conversion
Amount: 1 cord (cord) of area
Equals: 0.015 ares (a) in area
Converting cord to ares value in the area surface units scale.
TOGGLE : from ares into cords in the other way around.
area surface from cord to are conversion results
Enter a new cord number to convert
* Whole numbers, decimals or fractions (ie: 6, 5.33, 17 3/8)
* Precision is how many digits after decimal point (1 - 9)
Enter Amount :
Decimal Precision :
CONVERT : between other area surface measuring units - complete list.
How many ares are in 1 cord? The answer is: 1 cord equals 0.015 a
0.015 a is converted to 1 of what?
The ares unit number 0.015 a converts to 1 cord, one cord. It is the EQUAL area value of 1 cord but in the ares area unit alternative.
cord/a area surface conversion result
FromSymbolEqualsResultSymbol
1 cord = 0.015 a
Conversion chart - cords to ares
1 cord to ares = 0.015 a
2 cords to ares = 0.030 a
3 cords to ares = 0.045 a
4 cords to ares = 0.059 a
5 cords to ares = 0.074 a
6 cords to ares = 0.089 a
7 cords to ares = 0.10 a
8 cords to ares = 0.12 a
9 cords to ares = 0.13 a
10 cords to ares = 0.15 a
11 cords to ares = 0.16 a
12 cords to ares = 0.18 a
13 cords to ares = 0.19 a
14 cords to ares = 0.21 a
15 cords to ares = 0.22 a
Category: main menuarea surface menuCords
Convert area surface of cord (cord) and ares (a) units in reverse from ares into cords.
Area units calculator
Main area or surface units converter page.
Converter type: area surface units
First unit: cord (cord) is used for measuring area.
Second: are (a) is unit of area.
QUESTION:
15 cord = ? a
ANSWER:
15 cord = 0.22 a
Abbreviation, or prefix, for cord is:
cord
Abbreviation for are is:
a
Other applications for this area surface calculator ...
With the above mentioned two-units calculating service it provides, this area surface converter proved to be useful also as a teaching tool:
1. in practicing cords and ares ( cord vs. a ) measures exchange.
2. for conversion factors between unit pairs.
3. work with area surface's values and properties.
To link to this area surface cord to ares online converter simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: area surface from cord (cord) to ares (a) conversion.
I've done my best to build this site for you- Please send feedback to let me know how you enjoyed visiting.


text:
Matti Strese, M.Sc.
Lehrstuhl für Medientechnik (Prof. Steinbach)
Matti Strese studied Electrical Engineering at the Technische Universität München (Germany). He received the degree Master of Science in July 2014. After this he joined the Media Technology Group at the Technische Universität München in September 2014, where he is working as a member of the research staff. His current research interests are in the field of acquisition, parametrization, and display of haptic data.
- Haptic Data Acquisition
- Material Property Parametrization
- Handcrafted Feature Classification
- Deep Learning Classification
- Haptic Display
- Augmentation of Haptic Devices
- Tactile Computer Mouse (TCM)


Table Of Contents
DAQmx Create Virtual Channel (Analog Input » LVDT) (G Dataflow)
Last Modified: August 15, 2018
Creates channel(s) that use an LVDT to measure linear position.
connector_pane_image
datatype_icon
task in
task in specifies the task to which to add the virtual channels this node creates. If you do not specify a task, NI-DAQmx creates a task for you, and adds the virtual channels this node creates to that task.
datatype_icon
physical channels
physical channels specifies the names of the physical channels to use to create virtual channels. The DAQmx physical channel constant lists all physical channels on devices and modules installed in the system.
You can also wire a string that contains a list, or range of physical channels, to this input. If you have an array of physical channels, use the DAQmx Flatten Channel String node to convert the array to a list.
datatype_icon
name to assign
name to assign specifies a name to assign to the virtual channel this node creates. If you do not wire a value to this input, NI-DAQmx uses the physical channel name as the virtual channel name.
If you use this input to provide your own names for the virtual channels, you must use the names when you refer to these channels in other NI-DAQmx nodes, such as the source input of the DAQmx Trigger node.
If you create multiple virtual channels with one DAQmx Create Virtual Channel node, you can specify a comma-separated list of names to assign to the virtual channels. If you provide fewer names than the number of virtual channels you create, NI-DAQmx automatically assigns names to the virtual channels.
datatype_icon
units
units specifies the units to use to return linear position measurements from the channel.
Name Description
From Custom Scale
Units a custom scale specifies. If you select this value, you must wire a custom scale name to the custom scale name input.
Inches
Inches.
Meters
Meters.
datatype_icon
error in
error in describes error conditions that occur before this node runs. This input provides standard 'error in' functionality.
datatype_icon
measurement range
measurement range specifies the minimum and maximum values you expect to measure.
datatype_icon
maximum value
maximum value specifies in units the maximum value you expect to measure.
datatype_icon
minimum value
minimum value specifies in units the minimum value you expect to measure.
datatype_icon
voltage excitation wire mode
voltage excitation wire mode is the number of leads on the sensor. Some sensors require you to tie leads together to create a four- or five-wire sensor. Refer to the sensor documentation for more information.
Name Description
4-Wire
Four wires.
5-Wire
Five wires.
datatype_icon
custom scale name
custom scale name specifies the name of a custom scale for the channel.
datatype_icon
sensitivity
sensitivity is the sensitivity of the sensor. This value is in the units you specify with the sensitivity units input. Refer to the sensor documentation to determine this value.
datatype_icon
sensitivity units
sensitivity units specifies the units of the sensitivity input.
Name Description
mVolts/Volt/0.001 Inch
mVolts/Volt/0.001 Inch.
mVolts/Volt/mMeter
mVolts/Volt/mMeter.
datatype_icon
task out
task out is a reference to the task after this node runs. The task contains any newly created virtual channels. If you did not wire a value to task in, NI-DAQmx automatically creates the task this output refers to.
datatype_icon
voltage excitation
voltage excitation specifies the value and source of voltage excitation.
datatype_icon
voltage excitation source
voltage excitation source specifies the source of excitation.
Name Description
External
Use an excitation source other than the built-in excitation source of the device. If you select this value, you must use the voltage excitation value input to specify the amount of excitation.
Internal
Use the built-in excitation source of the device. If you select this value, you must use the voltage excitation value input to specify the amount of excitation.
None
Supply no excitation to the channel.
datatype_icon
voltage excitation value
voltage excitation value specifies in volts the amount of excitation supplied to the sensor. Refer to the sensor documentation to determine appropriate excitation values.
datatype_icon
voltage excitation frequency
voltage excitation frequency specifies in hertz the excitation frequency that the sensor requires. Refer to the sensor documentation to determine this value.
datatype_icon
error out
error out contains error information. If error in indicates that an error occurred before this node ran, error out contains the same error information. Otherwise, error out describes the error status that this node produces.
Where This Node Can Run:
Desktop OS: Windows
FPGA: LabVIEW NXG does not support FPGA devices
Web Server: Not supported in VIs that run in a web application
Recently Viewed Topics


text:
Венчурные инновационные проекты: механизм оценки бизнес-ангелами
In this article is conducted research of the mechanism of selection of venture innovative projects. We studied the factors, which influence a choice of business angels. The purpose of work was to receive an advanced system of estimation of projects. On the basis of the survey it is possible to say that the financing of the projects depends more on qualitative characteristics of the project. The created system was successfully tested.


How to Deal with Huge Log Files in Linux
If you've managed a Linux server for any length of time, you're familiar with the problem of log files. They can sometimes be difficult enough to even find in the first place, and then you're sometimes confronted with a file that's hundreds of MB in size (or even GB). Searching through it is a pain, and they can eventually even start eating up your storage space.
This tutorial will show you how to deal with this problem. We're going to make use of the inbuilt Linux package for system logs that's already in place. This means you don't need to install any new packages! All you need to know is how to add the configuration for your own log files.
Seeing How Linux Logs are Rotated with logrotate
There are a bunch of system log files in the following location:
In the screenshot below, I list all the files in that directory and show the file size in MB:
Log files with date stamp
As you can see, there are lots of large log files that are datestamped. These are generated by the "logrotate" by default. Looking at the timestamps, we can see that they're generated once every seven days. So for each log file here, logrotate does the following:
 1. Renames the log file with a timestamp
 2. Creates a new empty log file with the same name as before
Checking Logrotate's Default Configuration
Logrotate checks the following file for its configuration:
In this, we can see that it gets all the important information about:
 1. How often it should rotate the logs
 2. How many backups should it keep
 3. What kind of suffix it should add to the old logs
 4. Whether or not it should compress them
 5. etc…
Here's a screenshot of the logrotate configuration file:
Logrotate Default Configuration, Allow Compression
By default, the old log files are not compressed. You can change this by simply uncommenting the "compress" directive as shown above.
Adding Files to logrotate
How does logrotate know which logs to work on? The files in this directory:
For example, in our "secure" log that we saw in the first screenshot, we can figure out which file in logrotate.d contains it by using a simple grep command, as detailed in our guide on grep for advanced users:
grep -r secure /etc/logrotate.d
The screenshot below reveals which file is responsible for the "secure" log:
Configuration File in logrotate Directory
Opening "syslog", we can see that it tells logrotate to work on a number of files:
List of Log Files to Rotate
All of these are located in /var/log/. So each file contains:
 1. The names of the log files that it should rotate
 2. Directives specific to that particular file
 3. In the absence of directives, the defaults from logrotate.conf will be used
Creating your Own Logrotate File for your Logs
We can follow the template above to create an entry with logrotate that tells us it to process our own files in the same way.
Get the Owner and Group for your Directory
To make sure that all permissions are in place, we need logrotate to run with the appropriate permissions. Navigate to the directory that contains the log file(s) you want to process and get the owner as well as the group using this command:
ls -l -d
For example, the /var/log directory has the owner as" root", and the group as "root" as well:
Get Directory Owner and Group.
Create a Logrotate File with the Configuration
Next, create a new file in /etc/logrotate.d/ and paste the following sample configuration into it:
/var/log/newlogfile {
size 10M
su root root
Replace /var/log/newlogfile with the location of your own log file. Also, replace su root root with the owner and group name you got in the previous step. Here's a list of logrotate directives you can use. The "delaycompress" directive tells logrotate to only compress files that are 2 versions old, or older. This way you have quick and easy access to the most recently compressed log file.
You can also use the following lines within the curly brackets block to run scripts after and before your log files are rotated:
// scripts for post rotation go here
As you can see, Linux has a complete solution for log file rotation. All you need to do is add a few lines of code to the existing framework, and your own log files can be rotated without any hassles!
If you are one of our managed VPS hosting clients, you can simply ask our system administrators to deal with huge files on your Linux server. They are available 24/7 and will take care of your request immediately.
If you find this blog post useful, please share it with your friends via social media networks, or if you have any question please leave a comment below and we will reply to it. Thanks!
1 thought on "How to Deal with Huge (and Growing) Log Files in Linux"
 1. Log files always create too much temporary files and after sometime its become the mess to handle them, I'll going to try this today. thanks for sharing. if it works I'll let you know.
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text:
This paper will give a view on the present situation (Autumn 2005) of the Identity Management (IM) of the Hungarian Minorities' Cultural Societies in the Croatian Slovenija/Baranya and the Lendava area in Slovenia at the border between Slovenia and Hungary.
The Hungarian ethnic group is not an enclave in Croatia and Slovenia, but a group of mixed culture. There is mutuality between the autochthonous Hungarian minority and the majority population in these countries. There are even mixed marriages. People are bilinguals.
The main focus will be on the present mechanism(s) of self organisation (IM from the inside) on the one hand, and how organisations link to the Slovenian, Croatian und Hungarian governments (IM from the outside) on the other hand. It further will be shown how these associations express and trully represent the identity as well as the cultural needs of the minority.
This paper will compare these two above named areas, show differences and similarities from an ethnological point of view.


Main Content
driving.Path
Planned vehicle path
Description
The driving.Path object represents a vehicle path composed of a sequence of path segments. These segments can be either driving.DubinsPathSegment objects or driving.ReedsSheppPathSegment objects and are stored in the PathSegments property of driving.Path.
To check the validity of the path against a vehicleCostmap object, use the checkPathValidity function. To interpolate poses along the length of the path, use the interpolate function.
Creation
To create a driving.Path object, use the plan function, specifying a pathPlannerRRT object as input.
Properties
expand all
This property is read-only.
Initial pose of the vehicle, specified as an [x, y, Θ] vector. x and y are in world units, such as meters. Θ is in degrees.
This property is read-only.
Goal pose of the vehicle, specified as an [x, y, Θ] vector. x and y are in world units, such as meters. Θ is in degrees.
This property is read-only.
Segments along the path, specified as an array of driving.DubinsPathSegment objects or driving.ReedsSheppPathSegment objects.
This property is read-only.
Length of the path, in world units, specified as a positive real scalar.
Object Functions
interpolateInterpolate poses along planned vehicle path
plotPlot planned vehicle path
Examples
collapse all
Plan a vehicle path through a parking lot by using the optimal rapidly exploring random tree (RRT*) algorithm. Check that the path is valid, and then plot the transition poses along the path.
Load a costmap of a parking lot. Plot the costmap to see the parking lot and inflated areas for the vehicle to avoid.
data = load('parkingLotCostmap.mat');
costmap = data.parkingLotCostmap;
plot(costmap)
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains 2 objects of type image, patch. This object represents Inflated Areas.
Define start and goal poses for the vehicle as [x, y, Θ] vectors. World units for the (x,y) locations are in meters. World units for the Θ orientation angles are in degrees.
startPose = [4, 4, 90]; % [meters, meters, degrees]
goalPose = [30, 13, 0];
Use a pathPlannerRRT object to plan a path from the start pose to the goal pose.
planner = pathPlannerRRT(costmap);
refPath = plan(planner,startPose,goalPose);
Check that the path is valid.
isPathValid = checkPathValidity(refPath,costmap)
isPathValid = logical
 1
Interpolate the transition poses along the path.
transitionPoses = interpolate(refPath);
Plot the planned path and the transition poses on the costmap.
hold on
plot(refPath,'DisplayName','Planned Path')
scatter(transitionPoses(:,1),transitionPoses(:,2),[],'filled', ...
 'DisplayName','Transition Poses')
hold off
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains 13 objects of type image, patch, scatter, line, polygon. These objects represent Inflated Areas, Planned Path, Transition Poses.
Plan a vehicle path through a parking lot by using the rapidly exploring random tree (RRT*) algorithm. Interpolate the poses of the vehicle at points along the path.
Load a costmap of a parking lot. Plot the costmap to see the parking lot and inflated areas for the vehicle to avoid.
data = load('parkingLotCostmap.mat');
costmap = data.parkingLotCostmap;
plot(costmap)
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains 2 objects of type image, patch. This object represents Inflated Areas.
Define start and goal poses for the vehicle as [x, y, Θ] vectors. World units for the (x,y) locations are in meters. World units for the Θ orientation angles are in degrees.
startPose = [4, 4, 90]; % [meters, meters, degrees]
goalPose = [30, 13, 0];
Use a pathPlannerRRT object to plan a path from the start pose to the goal pose.
planner = pathPlannerRRT(costmap);
refPath = plan(planner,startPose,goalPose);
Interpolate the vehicle poses every 1 meter along the entire path.
lengths = 0 : 1 : refPath.Length;
poses = interpolate(refPath,lengths);
Plot the interpolated poses on the costmap.
plot(costmap)
hold on
scatter(poses(:,1),poses(:,2),'DisplayName','Interpolated Poses')
hold off
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains 3 objects of type image, patch, scatter. These objects represent Inflated Areas, Interpolated Poses.
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.
Version History
Introduced in R2018a
expand all


qi,qf) are ; Qfo, Qf and cos(^), 9 being the angle between qj and qf ^ . Since the rotation group is 0(2) partial wave decomposition is much simpler than that in 3+1 dimensions and is reduced to the Fourier series with respect to 9. Eq.(3.48) can be rewritten as a set of decoupled equations for each partial wave D'iP, Qi, Qf) = Do{P, qi, qf) - Jd^s dHDç,{P, qi, S)K\P, where is defined by S, t)D\P, t, qf) (3.50) = ^ J^^ de e'^^D. Before we continue with the calculation we discuss here the relation between bound states and poles of Greens functions. It is easier to exemplify this relation in a quantum mechanics. Consider the correlator < TO{0)O{t) >= 9{t) < O{0)Oit) > +9{-t) < O{t)O{0) > of an arbitrary operator 0{t). Using the time translation operator e'^* where H is the hamiltonian of the system, and inserting a complete set |n > of eigenfunctions of the ^We have a l r e a d y t h e L o r e n t z a n d r o t a t i o n a l i n v a r i a n c e connected component of the reminder of the graph must contain at least one " i n " leg and at least one "out" leg. It is convenient to use the translational invariance of the theory to introduce relative coordinates R = \(xi + X2 — ~ X4), Vi = xi — X2, rf = X3 — X4 and Fourier transform all functions to momentum space: Do{P,qi,qf) D{P,qi,qf) where Do{P,qi,qj) = j^JdRdridrfe'^''''-^^'^'^^f^f^Do{R,ri,rf) = 2 D o ( P , Ç i ) % + 9/) = (3.49) -^JdRdridrfe'^^''+^^^'+^f^f^DiR,ri,rf) = ^2(5^ + qi)G2{^P — qi). From now on we work in the frame of reference where P = 0. In this frame in 2+1 dimensions D{P,qi,qf), K{P,qi,qf) are functions of s = P^, Çjo, qf, Ç/o? <lf and cos(^), 6 being the angle between qi and qf ^ . Since the rotation group is 0(2) partial wave decomposition is much simpler than that in 3+1 dimensions and is reduced to the Fourier series with respect to 6. Eq.(3.48) can be rewritten as a set of decoupled equations for each partial wave Jd''sdHDo{P,qi,s)K\P,s,t)D\P,t,qf) D'{P,qi,qf}^D,{P,qi,qf)where (3.50) is defined by D ' = ^ J^"" d9 e''^D. Before we continue with the calculation we discuss here the relation between bound states and poles of Greens functions. It is easier to exemplify this relation in a quantum mechanics. Consider the correlator < ro{o)o{t) >= e{t) < o{o)o{t) > +e{-t) < c>(i)c(o) > of an arbitrary operator 0{t). Using the time translation operator e*^* where H is the hamiltonian of the system, and inserting a complete set |n > of eigenfunctions of the ^ W e have a l r e a d y t h e L o r e n t z a n d r o t a t i o n a l i n v a r i a n c e hamiltonian we can rewrite this in the form: <roioMt)>^ll^ ^ ,^,<0|(g(Q)|n ><n|O(0)|0> L„ E-En + ie where the sum over n includes integrals over indices corresponding to continuous spectrum and we used the integral representation of the 6 function. Fourier transforming this correlator we obtain the spectral representation / e - < O(0m) >= E < ° l " ( ° ) l " > < " l f ) l ° > - (e - , - 0 . E - Jt En~ie It is therefore seen that i f < n|C(0)|0 > is non zero, an energy eigenvalue of a discrete state will contribute to a pole in the correlator. This result can be generalised to field theory, for a good discussion of the subtleties involved see [31]. The four point function D{x,x,y,y) is related to the propagator of the field D{x,x,y,y) =< <t>\x)(t)\y) >-< (t>\x) >< (l)\y) > we thus expect that any bound states with quantum numbers of (fy^ contributes to a pole in D We now return to the calculation. From eq.(3.48) it is seen that the inverse of the full four point function D is proportional to the operator 1 + KDQ. This means that (after transforming all operators to p space) the bound state spectrum in the neighborhood of the threshold 2m is given by the values of PQ for which the operator K'DQ{P) has eigenvalue -1. In lowest order we take (fig.(3.3)) Do(P,quqf) = r/„ P^2 +, m ^ 22 1 (?. +, f)2 ] [^ ( g , - fP^TTZ:^ ) 2 + m2 K%P,q,,qf) = -6\n. (3-51) where XRÏS the renormalized quartic coupling, higher orders will be discussed later. The eigenvalue equation is in this approximation: J-^3K'D,{P,q)x{q) = (3.52) -x{p) from which it is seen that the only eigenfunctions x are constants. The unique eigenvalue is determined by l = ? M î 2 ^ . (3.53) We solve this equation perturbatively by substituting P = 2m - AE into eq.(3.53). 2m-AE 2m = tanh 7r(2m-AE) ~l-2e ir(2m-AE) 3AR (3.54) The inverse logarithm of the binding energy AE = 2m - M g can be found perturbatively from eq.(3.53). Exponentiating the result we get AE = 4me + • • •. (3.55) The analytic behavior of the binding energy AE obtained here is in accordance with the general theorem of [30]. Note that the pre-exponential factor in AE is twice that obtained using gaussian variational approximation [12]. We do not know to what effect within this approximation to attribute this discrepancy. A similar gaussian calculation in 1+1 dimensions [12] shows no discrepancy with BS results found in [31 . In 1+1 dimensions it was shown in [32, 33] that the potential model one obtains in the nonrelativistic limit gives the correct leading behavior of the binding energy. If we try to take the same limit in the 2+1 dimensional theory we arrive at a two dimensional 6(x.) potential. This potential produces fall to the center in 2D (unless one uses a renormalization procedure similar to the one used in Q F T [34]). The potential model based on it therefore fails. In our calculation we used and DQ calculated to leading order. One would like to know whether higher orders will alter this result. This could happen if higher order terms in K^DQ contained mass shell singularities. To illustrate this point suppose we have a diagram whose contribution to K^DQ is of the form ~ . ^" If the binding energy is the order of this contribution is g^~^. This characteristic mixture of orders needs to be addressed in any kind of perturbative expansion of the BS equation. We show in the appendix that for massive scalar theories in 2+1 dimensions this does not happen. 3.2 Fermionic theories Bound states frequently appear in theories containing fermions. The case of gauge theories, although interesting, cannot be treated reliably with perturbation theories due to confinement^. We would like to consider here weakly coupled theories. The natural candidates are 4-Fermi and Yukawa theories (Although 4-Fermi theory is


text:
Calvin has been leading enterprise-wide Change Management initiatives for almost a decade with leading CPG manufacturers. He understands that an effective Change Management process is part of a robust management system and not just a tool to be applied to isolated projects.
He has perfected the 3 Stage-gate method that helps organizations to ensure the following:
- [Stage-gate 1] Cross-functional alignment is achieved during the ideation phase of emerging changes
- [Stage-gate 1] Changes are understood and sufficiently resourced at the leadership level
- [Stage-gate 2] Associated risks are assessed and mitigated in advance of making changes to operations
- [Stage-gate 3] Key stakeholders have the opportunity to validate that risks have been effectively mitigated
- [Stage-gate 3} Training, communication, and documentation are completed prior to closing changes out
- [Stage-gate 3} Key learnings are captured to ensure continuous improvement of the change management process and team effectiveness
- [Stage-gate 3] All essential actions are completed and the anticipated benefit is realized
- [Stage-gate 3] Changes become completely integrated into normal operations to ensure sustainment
Contact Calvin directly for more information about implementing a proven Change Management process in your organization.


Using the Google Cloud Dataflow Runner
The Google Cloud Dataflow Runner uses the Cloud Dataflow managed service. When you run your pipeline with the Cloud Dataflow service, the runner uploads your executable code and dependencies to a Google Cloud Storage bucket and creates a Cloud Dataflow job, which executes your pipeline on managed resources in Google Cloud Platform.
The Cloud Dataflow Runner and service are suitable for large scale, continuous jobs, and provide:
The Beam Capability Matrix documents the supported capabilities of the Cloud Dataflow Runner.
Cloud Dataflow Runner prerequisites and setup
To use the Cloud Dataflow Runner, you must complete the following setup:
 1. Select or create a Google Cloud Platform Console project.
 2. Enable billing for your project.
 3. Enable the required Google Cloud APIs: Cloud Dataflow, Compute Engine, Stackdriver Logging, Cloud Storage, Cloud Storage JSON, and Cloud Resource Manager. You may need to enable additional APIs (such as BigQuery, Cloud Pub/Sub, or Cloud Datastore) if you use them in your pipeline code.
 4. Install the Google Cloud SDK.
 5. Create a Cloud Storage bucket.
 - In the Google Cloud Platform Console, go to the Cloud Storage browser.
 - Click Create bucket.
 - In the Create bucket dialog, specify the following attributes:
 - Name: A unique bucket name. Do not include sensitive information in the bucket name, as the bucket namespace is global and publicly visible.
 - Storage class: Multi-Regional
 - Location: Choose your desired location
 - Click Create.
For more information, see the Before you begin section of the Cloud Dataflow quickstarts.
Specify your dependency
When using Java, you must specify your dependency on the Cloud Dataflow Runner in your pom.xml.
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.apache.beam</groupId>
 <artifactId>beam-runners-google-cloud-dataflow-java</artifactId>
 <version>2.1.0</version>
 <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
This section is not applicable to the Beam SDK for Python.
Authentication
Before running your pipeline, you must authenticate with the Google Cloud Platform. Run the following command to get Application Default Credentials.
gcloud auth application-default login
Pipeline options for the Cloud Dataflow Runner
When executing your pipeline with the Cloud Dataflow Runner (Java), consider these common pipeline options. When executing your pipeline with the Cloud Dataflow Runner (Python), consider these common pipeline options.
Field Description Default Value
runner The pipeline runner to use. This option allows you to determine the pipeline runner at runtime. Set to dataflow or DataflowRunner to run on the Cloud Dataflow Service.
project The project ID for your Google Cloud Project. If not set, defaults to the default project in the current environment. The default project is set via gcloud.
streaming Whether streaming mode is enabled or disabled; true if enabled. Set to true if running pipelines with unbounded PCollections. false
tempLocation temp_location Optional. Required. Path for temporary files. Must be a valid Google Cloud Storage URL that begins with gs://. If set, tempLocation is used as the default value for gcpTempLocation. No default value.
gcpTempLocation Cloud Storage bucket path for temporary files. Must be a valid Cloud Storage URL that begins with gs://. If not set, defaults to the value of tempLocation, provided that tempLocation is a valid Cloud Storage URL. If tempLocation is not a valid Cloud Storage URL, you must set gcpTempLocation.
stagingLocation staging_location Optional. Cloud Storage bucket path for staging your binary and any temporary files. Must be a valid Cloud Storage URL that begins with gs://. If not set, defaults to a staging directory within gcpTempLocation. If not set, defaults to a staging directory within temp_location.
save_main_session Save the main session state so that pickled functions and classes defined in __main__ (e.g. interactive session) can be unpickled. Some workflows do not need the session state if, for instance, all of their functions/classes are defined in proper modules (not __main__) and the modules are importable in the worker. false
sdk_location Override the default location from where the Beam SDK is downloaded. This value can be an URL, a Cloud Storage path, or a local path to an SDK tarball. Workflow submissions will download or copy the SDK tarball from this location. If set to the string default, a standard SDK location is used. If empty, no SDK is copied. default
See the reference documentation for the DataflowPipelineOptions PipelineOptions interface (and any subinterfaces) for additional pipeline configuration options.
Additional information and caveats
Monitoring your job
While your pipeline executes, you can monitor the job's progress, view details on execution, and receive updates on the pipeline's results by using the Dataflow Monitoring Interface or the Dataflow Command-line Interface.
Blocking Execution
To block until your job completes, call waitToFinishwait_until_finish on the PipelineResult returned from pipeline.run(). The Cloud Dataflow Runner prints job status updates and console messages while it waits. While the result is connected to the active job, note that pressing Ctrl+C from the command line does not cancel your job. To cancel the job, you can use the Dataflow Monitoring Interface or the Dataflow Command-line Interface.
Streaming Execution
If your pipeline uses an unbounded data source or sink, you must set the streaming option to true. The Beam SDK for Python does not currently support streaming pipelines.


How to determine if input is numerical
This is a discussion on How to determine if input is numerical within the C Programming forums, part of the General Programming Boards category; I'm writing a program to work with complex numbers. It actually works well for what I need it for but ...
 1. #1
 Registered User
 Join Date
 Dec 2009
 Posts
 3
 How to determine if input is numerical
 I'm writing a program to work with complex numbers. It actually works well for what I need it for but there is a problem I would like to solve. Here is the code in question:
 Code:
 int option;
 do {
 printf("\nHere are the options for the complex number arithmetic program:");
 printf("\n1. Add two complex numbers.");
 printf("\n2. Subtract two complex numbers.");
 printf("\n3. Multiple two complex numbers.");
 printf("\n4. Divide two complex numbers.");
 printf("\n5. Find the conjugate of a complex number.");
 printf("\nEnter the number of your choice and press enter:");
 scanf("%d",&option);
 } while (option<1 || option>5);
 printf("SUCCESS");
 Right now if I enter a number it works quite well. But let's say I entered the word "banana". The program crashes. How can I avoid this?
 2. #2
 C++ Witch laserlight's Avatar
 Join Date
 Oct 2003
 Location
 Singapore
 Posts
 21,910
 You can check the return value of scanf(). If it is not 1, you handle the input error accordingly.
 Alternatively, you can use say, fgets() in conjunction with sscanf(), in which case "banana" would be read as a string, so there would be no need to discard the invalid input remaining on the standard input stream, and you can still check the return value of sscanf().
 C + C++ Compiler: MinGW port of GCC
 Version Control System: Bazaar
 Look up a C++ Reference and learn How To Ask Questions The Smart Way
 3. #3
 Registered User jeffcobb's Avatar
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 Location
 Henderson, NV
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 Call atoi or atof on the string; if it fails, you are dealing w/non-numeric data...
 C/C++ Environment: GNU CC/Emacs
 Make system: CMake
 Debuggers: Valgrind/GDB
 4. #4
 Registered User
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 Oct 2008
 Location
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 Posts
 2,047
 Scan it as a string, then parse to determine if it's numerical or not.
 5. #5
 C++ Witch laserlight's Avatar
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 Location
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 Quote Originally Posted by jeffcobb
 Call atoi or atof on the string; if it fails, you are dealing w/non-numeric data...
 There is no string variable
 Anyway, although that will work in this case (if the input was stored in a string), more generally there is no way to distinguish between failure and a legitimate zero with atoi and company, so strtol and company should normally be used instead where input validation is desired.
 C + C++ Compiler: MinGW port of GCC
 Version Control System: Bazaar
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 6. #6
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 Posts
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 So how do I check the return value of scanf? Would I need to use %s or %1c instead of %i or is there something else I can do? I don't really care if I can't distinguish between a legitimate zero and failure, I only need to know if the input value is between 1 and 5. I tried using something like
 Code:
 if(scanf("%d",&option)!=1)
 option=0;
 But I don't think this will work... In fact it doesn't seem to do anything at all right now lol.
 7. #7
 C++ Witch laserlight's Avatar
 Join Date
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 Location
 Singapore
 Posts
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 Quote Originally Posted by Fdisk
 But I don't think this will work... In fact it doesn't seem to do anything at all right now lol.
 It works, except that your error handling is incomplete. You need to discard the invalid input remaining on the standard input stream. This is why just reading it as a string to begin with is easier.
 C + C++ Compiler: MinGW port of GCC
 Version Control System: Bazaar
 Look up a C++ Reference and learn How To Ask Questions The Smart Way
 8. #8
 Frequently Quite Prolix dwks's Avatar
 Join Date
 Apr 2005
 Location
 Canada
 Posts
 8,047
 If you want to read the input as a string and then parse numbers from it:
 Code:
 char string[BUFSIZ];
 int number;
 if(!fgets(string, sizeof string, stdin)) {
 /* end of input detected, perhaps you want to quit the program */
 }
 else if(sscanf(string, "%d", &number) != 1) {
 /* invalid number entered */
 }
 else {
 printf("You entered %d.\n", number);
 }
 If you want to simply strip the remaining characters from the input: Trouble with assignment in C
 dwk
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 9. #9
 Woof, woof! zacs7's Avatar
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 Mar 2007
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 3,459
 You'll probably want to do some range checking also...
 Code:
 /* return 0 on success */
 int parse_ulint(const char * buffer, unsigned long int * dest)
 {
 unsigned long int tmp = 0;
 char * ep = NULL;

 assert(buffer != NULL);
 assert(dest != NULL);

 /* reset errno and attempt to parse */
 errno = 0;
 tmp = strtoul(buffer, &ep, 10);

 if(buffer[0] == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
 {
 return -2; /* not a number */
 }else if(errno == ERANGE && tmp == ULONG_MAX){
 return -3; /* range error */
 }else if(errno != 0){
 return -1; /* some other error */
 }

 /* store the parsed value */
 *dest = tmp;
 return 0; /* success */
 }
 Of course if you just want integers, then just check for INT_MAX or INT_MIN (and use strtol instead of strtoul) from limits.h and return failure if the long int is outside of that range.
 Then all you need to do is read with fgets() as others suggest.
 Last edited by zacs7; 02-11-2010 at 02:31 PM.
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TU Berlin
Nachhaltigkeitszertifikat // Sustainability CertificateBachelor/Master Thesis
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Bachelor's/Master's thesis with a focus on sustainability
For the acquisition of the certificate, the bachelor and/or master thesis, or an additional project work, shows clear references to sustainability topics.
Even in the case of very technical or natural science oriented theses, integration is possible, e.g. by addressing life cycle related ecological and social impacts such as the origin of the raw materials used, working conditions, possible use scenarios or risks. Overall, a technology assessment can always be part of a technical thesis. The situation is similar for theses in the field of mathematics and natural sciences. If necessary, the coordinator of the sustainability certificate can be consulted to discuss the alternatives.
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Learn Facebook Tutorial - How Facebook Works
By , About.com Guide
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Facebook Communication System - Status Updates, Messages, Chat
Facebook publishing box
The Facebook publishing box is where people type status updates and post to the network. An audience selector below it controls who can see each message.
Communication is the heartbeat of Facebook and takes place in various forms, including three major ones:
Status Updates
"Status update" is what Facebook calls a message that you post via the publishing box that says "What's on your mind?" The publishing box (shown in the image above) appears at the top of both your home page and Timeline page. People use status updates to communicate their activities, post links to news stories, share photos and videos, and comment on life in general.
Internal Messages
Messages are private notes you can send any friend you're connected with on Facebook; they're viewable only by the person to whom they're sent and do not go into the news feed or ticker for viewing by your network of friends. Rather, each message goes into the recipient's Facebook inbox which functions like a private email address. (Each user is actually assigned a _EMAIL_ email address for this private inbox.) By default, messages also get forwarded to the external email address the user has provided to Facebook.
Live Chat
Chat is Facebook's name for its instant messaging system. You can engage in real-time conversation with any of your Facebook friends who happen to be online and signed in at the same time as you are. The Facebook Chat box is on the lower right side of the interface and contains a small green dot next to "Chat." Clicking it will open the chat box and show a green dot next to the name of friends who happen to be signed into Facebook at that time. Facebook Chat has a gear icon with settings you can change to determine who can see that you're online and when.
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text: Non-discrimination is a recognized objective in algorithmic decision making. In this paper, we introduce a novel probabilistic formulation of data pre-processing for reducing discrimination. We propose a convex optimization for learning a data transformation with three goals: controlling discrimination, limiting distortion in individual data samples, and preserving utility. We characterize the impact of limited sample size in accomplishing this objective. Two instances of the proposed optimization are applied to datasets, including one on real-world criminal recidivism. Results show that discrimination can be greatly reduced at a small cost in classification accuracy.