Amazon Redshift
Database Developer Guide
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PG_DEFAULT_ACL
Stores information about default access privileges. For more information on default access privileges, see ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES.
PG_DEFAULT_ACL is visible to all users. Superusers can see all rows; regular users can see only their own data. For more information, see Visibility of Data in System Tables and Views.
Table Columns
Column Name Data Type Description
defacluser integer ID of the user to which the listed privileges are applied.
defaclnamespace oid The object ID of the schema where default privileges are applied. The default value is 0 if no schema is specified.
defaclobjtype character
The type of object to which default privileges are applied. Valid values are as follows:
 - r–relation (table or view)
 - f–function
 - p–stored procedure
defaclacl aclitem[]
A string that defines the default privileges for the specified user or user group and object type.
If the privileges are granted to a user, the string is in the following form:
{ username=privilegestring/grantor }
username
The name of the user to which privileges are granted. If username is omitted, the privileges are granted to PUBLIC.
If the privileges are granted to a user group, the string is in the following form:
{ "group groupname=privilegestring/grantor" }
privilegestring
A string that specifies which privileges are granted.
Valid values are:
 - r–SELECT (read)
 - a–INSERT (append)
 - w–UPDATE (write)
 - d–DELETE
 - x–Grants the privilege to create a foreign key constraint ( REFERENCES).
 - X–EXECUTE
 - *–Indicates that the user receiving the preceding privilege can in turn grant the same privilege to others (WITH GRANT OPTION).
grantor
The name of the user that granted the privileges.
The following example indicates that the user admin granted all privileges, including WITH GRANT OPTION, to the user dbuser.
dbuser=r*a*w*d*x*X*/admin
Example
The following query returns all default privileges defined for the database.
select pg_get_userbyid(d.defacluser) as user, n.nspname as schema, case d.defaclobjtype when 'r' then 'tables' when 'f' then 'functions' end as object_type, array_to_string(d.defaclacl, ' + ') as default_privileges from pg_catalog.pg_default_acl d left join pg_catalog.pg_namespace n on n.oid = d.defaclnamespace; user | schema | object_type | default_privileges -------+--------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------- admin | tickit | tables | user1=r/admin + "group group1=a/admin" + user2=w/admin
The result in the preceding example shows that for all new tables created by user admin in the tickit schema, admin grants SELECT privileges to user1, INSERT privileges to group1, and UPDATE privileges to user2.
On this page:


Intended for healthcare professionals
Research Article
Patterns of bleeding in adolescents with severe haemophilia A.
Br Med J 1979; 1 doi: _URL_ (Published 17 February 1979) Cite this as: Br Med J 1979;1:469
 1. A Aronstam,
 2. S G Rainsford,
 3. M J Painter
 Abstract
 Eighty-two boys with severe haemophilia A who spent some time at Lord Mayor Treloar College during 1973-7 were studied. All episodes of bleeding that occurred during term time were recorded, along with the number of transfusions. The bleeding frequency among these boys, most of them aged 10-17 years, increased steadily from 8,31 episodes/100 days in 1973 to 12,63 episodes/100 days in 1977. At the same time there was a steady fall in bleeding frequency with age. Altogether 24% of bleeding episodes were into the elbow joint, 22% into the knee, and 15% into the ankle. As the boys grew older the proportion of bleeding episodes in the legs declined and that in the arms increased. The overall results reflect the fact that special schools now see only the severest cases of haemophilia. The pattern of bleeding during adolescence suggests that concepts of management of arm bleeding need modifying.


text:
Central of Georgia Bridges,
Just before a train would enter Savannah's Central of Georgia Railroad station, it would cross this 1852 viaduct (above), one of a pair of historic bridges at the former Central railroad complex. Spanning both West Boundary Street and the Ogeechee Canal, each of the two structures features four brick arches and decorative details in brick that create both elegance and utility.
(Above and below) The 1852 structure as documented in the Historic American Engineering Record. Photo above has been cropped. To see full-size image and other HAER photographs of this bridge, see Library of Congress web page here.
The second bridge (below), built in 1858, has 48-foot spans as compared to the 30-foot spans on the 1852 bridge. It has segmental arches instead of the elliptical arches of the older bridge. This bridge carried trains to the Central's freight depot and warehouses on the north side of the passenger depot.
(Above and below) HAER photographs of the 1858 structure. Photo above has been cropped. To see full-size image and other HAER photographs of this bridge, see Library of Congress web page here.
(Above) Detail of pier and spandrel of the second bridge. The older bridge can be seen in the background.
(Above) An antique store was built under one of the arches in the 1960s. It was later converted to studio space (called "Old Arch Hall") by the ever-inventive Savannah College of Art and Design.
RailGa.com. Georgia's Railroad History & Heritage. © Steve Storey
Railroad History | The Depot List | Locomotives On Display | Odds & Ends | Sources & References | Home

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A firm can vary all productive resources in the long run, but at least one resource is fixed in the short run. Linkages between inputs and outputs are formalized in production functions.
Production functions summarize relationships between combinations of inputs and the maximum outputs that each combination can produce.
Output = f(inputs) is an example of a production function, and is read as "output is a function f of inputs." The function f summarizes how current technology translates various combinations of inputs into specific amounts of output. In this context, technology encompasses current knowledge about production techniques, as well as such things as government regulations, weather, and the laws of physics and chemistry.
Production functions are commonly written q = f(K, L) where q equals output, K equals capital services, and L equals labor services used per production period. (For simplicity, land and entrepreneurship are ignored for now.) Suppose that production engineers indicate that 1,000 swimsuits can be sewn daily using 600 machine hours (75 sewing machines per 8-hour shift) and 800 labor hours (100 workers each 8-hour shift). The function f summarizes a production relationship of this type. Technological advances boosting productivity 50 percent would require switching from the f production function to, say, g. Now, q= g(K, L), and 600 machine hours plus 800 labor hours yield 1,500 swimsuits. Complete production functions identify output possibilities in the long run, when a firm can vary all resources. In the short run, however, at least one resource is fixed.


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Platelet concentrates are at risk of transfusion-related sepsis. The microbial detection methods currently available have reached their limits, as they do not completely prevent transfusion-related bacterial contamination.Purpose.
The aim of this study was to develop a new strategy to detect the risk of platelet transfusion-related bacterial contamination using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).Methodology.
In vitro, platelet concentrates were seeded with known concentrations of bacterial strains. Protein mass profiles were acquired by using a Microflex MALDI-TOF instrument. Dedicated 'Platelet' software was used as a spectrum subtraction tool to reveal specific peaks caused by the presence of pathogens in samples.Results.
The MALDI-TOF spectra of platelets were characterized and the reproducibility over time, regardless of the blood donor, was demonstrated with a positive predictive value of 100%. In addition, the negative predictive value of the total number of specific peaks to predict contamination was 100%.Conclusion.
Detecting bacteria in platelet concentrates using the MALDI-TOF approach and analysing spectra with the Platelet software present the advantage of combining the precocity of results and sufficient sensitivity (10 c.f.u. ml−1). Further research will be conducted to compare this novel method with the current conventional method in order to validate our results, the objective being to reduce the risk of platelet transfusion-related bacterial contamination.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Floyd County Criminal History (Iowa)
Floyd County Courts resolve legal disputes, including criminal misdemeanors and felonies in Floyd County, Iowa. Courts operate at the Federal, Iowa State, or local Floyd County level, and they maintain records for all of their criminal cases, which make up an individual's Floyd County criminal history. These Floyd County public criminal records include homicides, sexual assaults, DUIs, drug charges, property crimes, and more. Criminal records also list trials, convictions, and sentences, as well as any plea bargains or settlements. Floyd County criminal history records include the defendant's name, personal information, the criminal charges brought against the individual, and any criminal case files created by Iowa law enforcement. A criminal history search shows an individual's criminal record, making it an important part of performing a thorough Floyd County background check. Floyd County Courts may provide online access to their criminal history records.
Charles City District Court Charles IA 101 South Main Street 50616 _PHONE_
Floyd County Police Departments provide local law enforcement services, including stopping crimes, arresting suspects, and conducting investigations in Floyd County, Iowa. As part of this job, Police Departments maintain a number of criminal history records, including Floyd County arrest records, warrants, and reports on jail bookings. These records make up an individual's Floyd County criminal record, including the criminal charges made during an arrest and any resulting legal cases from a police arrest. This can include felonies and misdemeanors such as fraud, probation violations, drug possession, manslaughter, and traffic crimes. Police Department records can include investigation materials and criminal case files, and searching criminal history records is an important step in performing a Floyd County background check. Police Departments make many of their criminal history records available online.
Charles City Police Department Charles IA 105 Milwaukee Mall 50616 _PHONE_
Nora Springs Police Department Nora Springs IA 45 North Hawkeye Avenue 50458 _PHONE_
Floyd County Probation Departments oversee court-ordered probations which have been imposed instead of incarceration in Floyd County, Iowa. Probation Departments maintain detailed records on individuals who are on probation, which is part of the individual's criminal history. These Floyd County public records include personal information on the individual and the criminal charges that led to probation. It can also include the terms of the probation, such as any requirements to seek treatment, attend counseling, or pay restitution to victims, as well as any travel restrictions or bans on contacting certain people that may be included in the probation order. Floyd County probation records also list the length of the probation sentence, and they are an important part of a background check. Probation Departments may provide online searches for criminal history records.
Floyd County Probation Department Charles IA 101 South Main Street 50616 _PHONE_
Floyd County Sheriff Departments operates at the county or local level, keeping public order by investigating crimes, arresting suspected criminals, and stopping crimes in progress in Floyd County, Iowa. Sheriff Departments maintain records on all of their actions, including arrest reports, warrants, and jail bookings. These Floyd County criminal records make up an individual's criminal history, and they contain personal information, all criminal charges in a person's record, and any legal cases after an arrest. Criminal history records include felonies and misdemeanors such as Floyd County DUIs, drug charges, homicide, domestic violence, and probation violations. Sheriff Department records also include criminal case files and investigation records, which makes searching criminal history records an important step in conducting a background check in Floyd County. These records may be available online from the Sheriff Department.
Floyd County Sheriff / Floyd County Jail Charles IA 101 South Main Street 50616 _PHONE_
Floyd County Sheriff's Office Charles IA 101 South Main Street 50616 _PHONE_


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Dr Sharon Ashbrook, Reader in Physical Chemistry has been awarded the Royal Society of Edinburgh Makdougall Brisbane Medal, recognising her excellent achievements as an early career researcher in the physical sciences and for her leadership record and commitment to excellence in all areas of academic life.
Dr Ashbrook is at the forefront of research into solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Her current research interests focus on the development of new methods in solid-state NMR, particularly for quadrupolar nuclei, such as 17O, 23Na and 27Al. She is also interested in the application of these methods to a wide range of systems including minerals, zeolites and ceramics. More recently, Sharon has developed an interest in the application of first-principles calculations of NMR parameters in the solid state.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In Norse mythology, Durinn is the name of a dwarf attested in the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá and repeated in Gylfaginning from the Prose Edda. He was the second created after the first and foremost dwarf Mótsognir. He is also attested in Hervarar saga, where he forged the magic sword Tyrfing with the help of Dvalin.
Modern influence[edit]
In Tolkien's Middle-earth, Durin the Deathless, a character based on the Norse figure, is one of the founding fathers of the Dwarves.


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Integrated Watershed Management
Integrated Watershed Management provides a framework to integrate natural resource management with community livelihoods in a sustainable way. This action area (AA) addresses the issues of degradation of natural resources, soil erosion, landslides, floods, frequent droughts and desertification, low agricultural productivity, poor water quantity and quality and poor access to land and related resources from an integrated watershed management perspective. The AA addresses the new and upcoming challenges and opportunities for the HKH region in the contexts of payment for ecosystem services (PES) and climate change at the watershed level focusing on three eco-regions – humid, sub-humid, and arid and semi-arid areas.
The approaches include:
- development and implementation of regional research programmes/projects in collaboration with local partners and organisations, regional and international universities and research institutes, and other ICIMOD programmes;
- scaling up of good IWM practices by building on past experience and creating new experience from different eco-regions, new methods, technologies and options; and
- dissemination and sharing of knowledge through vibrant networks, workshops, training, exposure visits, resource books, how to do manuals, posters, feature articles, leaflets, CDs, multimedia tools and others.
- To develop, test, and pilot equitable PES methodologies for watershed services in the HKH region
- To develop and test, through assessments and research, suitable watershed management strategies that address adaptation to climate change
- To build capacities of watershed managers to help scale up good watershed management practices
- To support policy development in integrated use of watershed resources.


text:
Sculptural form finding with bending action
Paper in proceedings, 2017
This paper demonstrates a method development for integration of bending action into the form finding process. The aim has been to facilitate the designer with means to compromise between structural efficiency and sculptural freedom for grid shell type of structures.
The analysis is carried out using Dynamic Relaxation (DR) and to achieve bending capability, the base element implementation is a 12 degrees of freedom beam where the DR is solving for both translations and rotations. For purpose of validation, stress based utilization is calculated based on Eurocode 3 equations which are simplified to allow for separation of axial and bending utilization. A stress based sizer is also implemented to enable comparison based on tonnage.
The methods presented are derived from the principles behind stiffness control and force-density control form finding, commonly applied for compression and tension structures respectively. The common denominator being that they are all driven by a form finding load case, where the user can specify various combinations of axialand bending utilization limits for the elements, to which the form adapts as it tries to find equilibrium of internal and external forces and moments.
None of the methods was found to satisfy all requirements for a useful general purpose shell design tool. The main issue was found to be wrinkling of the initial geometry when the need for drastic change in element length, required for a structurally unsound free form surface changing shape in the form finding process, is being opposed by the relatively high axial stiffness of a beam. This is not usually an issue when form finding with elastic springs that undergo large deformations in the process.
Conclusively there might be merit for a form finding element that allows for large axial deformation to avoid the wrinkling problem but has the bending properties of a beam. From a workflow point of view, the implementation of elements with bending capability was demonstrated to be useful for form exploration, particularly when combined with automatic sizing. The separation of bending and axial utilization was also found useful from a form evaluation point of view.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Accessibility navigation
Environmental SLAPPs in the UK: threat or opportunity?
Hilson, C. (2016) Environmental SLAPPs in the UK: threat or opportunity? Environmental Politics, 25 (2). pp. 248-267. ISSN _PHONE_
Text - Accepted Version
· Please see our End User Agreement before downloading.
To link to this item DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2015._PHONE_
Strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPPs) brought against the environmental movement in the UK since the 1990s are examined. SLAPPs, a form of Green backlash, have been mobilised across a wide range of policy areas that have seen vigorous campaigning and protest by the movement, including roads, GMOs and, more recently, climate change. SLAPPs are typically regarded as a threat, designed to close down democratic free speech and protest. However, in the UK, there are some notable cases where the environmental movement has been able to use agency to convert what may appear as a legal threat into a positive legal or media opportunity.
Item Type:Article
Divisions:Arts, Humanities and Social Science > School of Law
ID Code:44535
Publisher:Taylor and Francis
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text:
The Space Production Calculator was designed by the Flight Propulsion Laboratory Department of the General Electric Company. The manufacturer and year of production are unknown. The calculator is 7.125 inches in diameter and consists of three plastic disks. It is described as a valuable engineering tool for swiftly computing a number of engineering characteristics of propulsion systems for space vehicles.
Note the reference to chemical rockets, nuclear rockets, plasma jets, and ion and magnetronhydrodynamic propulsion.
The window shows the hours in a day, days in year, distance from Sun, Mass as multiples of Earth's mass and radius in 100s of miles.
The wallet, with instructions and diagram inside, is 7.125 inches square.
The calculator was perhaps given to GE's own engineers and those at client and associated companies. The number distributed is unknown but it is very rare.
For more posts about Space Age calculators click on the Space Age Calculators category on the right.


text:
To the untrained ear, monkeys of a certain species may all sound the same, but Japanese researchers have found that, like human beings, they actually have an accent depending on where they live.
The finding, the first of its kind, will appear in the December edition of a German scientific journal, Ethology, to be published on December 5, the primate researchers said on Tuesday.
"Differences between chattering by monkeys are like dialects of human beings," said Nobuo Masataka, professor of ethology at Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute.
The research team analysed voice tones of two groups of the same species of primates, the Japanese Yakushima macaque—also known as Macaca fuscata yakui—between 1990 and 2000.
One group was formed by 23 monkeys living on the southern Japanese island of Yakushima, and the other group comprised 30 descendants from the same tribe moved from the island to Mount Ohira, central Japan, in 1956.
The result showed that the island group had a tone about 110 hertz higher on average than the one taken to central Japan.
Monkeys on Yakushima Island have an accent with a higher tone because tall trees on the island tend to block their voices, Masataka said.
"On the other hand, monkeys on Mount Ohira do not have to gibber with a high tone as trees there are low," he said. "Each group adopted their own accent depending upon their environment."
This suggests differences in voice tones are not caused by genes, Masataka said, adding the results "may lead to a clue to the origin of human language".—Sapa-AFP.


text:
Definition of slickens
1a : the thin layer of extremely fine silt sometimes deposited by flood waters of a stream b : finely pulverized material from a quartz mill or washings of lighter earth sluiced away in hydraulic mining
2 : slickenside
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Origin and Etymology of slickens
probably irregular from slick finely pounded ore, from German schlich slime
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up slickens? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
VERA-C is a research project that investigates vortex encounters with curved vortices. It is funded by the German Research Foundation.
In the 1970s, the ICAO introduced vortex related separation minima to prevent severe vortex encounters. These separation requirements have proven to be safe, buth are also considered conservative. They limit airport capacities and are becoming a limiting factor for future air traffic growth. The impact of a separtion minima revision are assess via risk analysis that is based on fast-time Monte Carlo simulations.
Existing simulation models for risk assessment model vortex wakes as straight lines. In reality, vortex wakes deform quickly, break up and form to so called vortex rings. Vortex deformation is mainly triggered by atmospheric turbulence and by a phenomenon referred to as Crow-instability.
The objective of VERA-C is to analyze the impact of vortex distortion on vortex encounter severity by means of risk analysis. The strength of a vortex encounter, specifically vortex induced upsets of aircraft attitude and flight path, is mainly influenced by vortex circulation and encounter geometry. Initial studies show that vortex deformation also has some affect on the induced disturbance. Depending on the level of distortion, the encountering aircraft upset may degrade compared to an encounter with straight vortices.
As part of VERA-C, analytical models of curved vortices will be set up and implemeted in the departments research flight simulator SEPHIR. Simulator test with airline pilots will provide a data base for the development of vortex encounter pilot control models and for models that describe the pilots severity assessment. These models will then be integrated in a fast-time simulation environment to perform risk analysis based on large numbers (~100.000) of simulated encounters. Sensitivity studies and worst-case analysis will be used to assess the impact of vortex distortion on encounter severity.
|Development and implemetation of analytical, parametric models of curved vortices for real and fast-time simulation.
|Piloted vortex encounter simulations during approach with airline pilots in the SEPHIR research flight simulator.
|Data Analysis and Model Development
|Analysis of the simulator test data and develpment of models forthe pilot's control behaviour and severity assessment.
|Development of Monte-Carlo fast-time simulation models and sensitivity studies and risk analysis for encounters with curved vortices.
|Documentation of vortex models, simulator test campaign, Monte-Carlo simulations and overall project results.


text:
PRONOUNCED: KLO-vis (English) [key]
Meaning & History
Shortened form of Clodovicus
, a Latinized form of Chlodovech
). Clovis was a Frankish king who united France under his rule in the 5th century.
OTHER LANGUAGES: Koldo (Basque), Luděk (Czech), Lowie (Dutch), Lou, Louie (English), Luĉjo (Esperanto), Lou (French), Lutz (German), Luigino, Vico (Italian), Luisinho (Portuguese), Lucho (Spanish), Ludde (Swedish)
| United States || -|| |
| France || ranked #227|| ||


text:
Cantor; born in Treuchtlingen, Bavaria, 1813; died in New York city March 4, 1902. He was descended from a family of cantors, traceable in an unbroken line as far back as 1612, every generation having had at least one member devoted to the profession. Naumburg went to America after 1848, and was elected cantor of Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel at Philadelphia, Pa., which position he held from 1850 to 1860. In 1865 he was chosen minister of Congregation Rodeph Shalom, Pittsburg, Pa., in which city he lived until within a few years of his death.
During his earlier years in America Naumburg acted as teacher and reader in the synagogue of the Congregation Keneseth Israel of Philadelphia. He prepared a metrical version in German of the Book of Proverbs.
- American Hebrew, March, 1902.


text:
Mixture × Genotype Effects in Cereal/Legume Intercropping (2022)
Demie D., Döring T., Finckh M., van der Werf W., Enjalbert J., Seidel S.
Frontiers in Plant Science, 13 (),
Cropping system diversification through annual intercropping provides a pathway for agricultural production with reduced inputs of fertilizer and pesticides. While several studies have shown that intercrop performance depends on the genotypes used, the available evidence has not been synthesized in an overarching analysis. Here, we review the effects of genotypes in cereal/legume intercropping systems, showing how genotype choice affects mixture performance. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the interactions between genotype and cropping system (i.e., sole cropping vs. intercropping). Data from 69 articles fulfilling inclusion criteria were analyzed, out of which 35 articles reported land equivalent ratio (LER), yielding 262 LER data points to be extracted. The mean and median LER were 1.26 and 1.24, respectively. The extracted genotype × cropping system interaction effects on yield were reported in 71% out of 69 publications. Out of this, genotype × cropping system interaction effects were significant in 75%, of the studies, whereas 25% reported non-significant interactions. The remaining studies did not report the effects of genotype × cropping system. Phenological and morphological traits, such as differences in days to maturity, plant height, or growth habit, explained variations in the performance of mixtures with different genotypes. However, the relevant genotype traits were not described sufficiently in most of the studies to allow for a detailed analysis. A tendency toward higher intercropping performance with short cereal genotypes was observed. The results show the importance of genotype selection for better in cereal/legume intercropping. This study highlights the hitherto unrevealed aspects of genotype evaluation for intercropping systems that need to be tackled. Future research on genotype effects in intercropping should consider phenology, root growth, and soil nutrient and water acquisition timing, as well as the effects of weeds and diseases, to improve our understanding of how genotype combination and breeding may help to optimize intercropping systems.


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physical activity tracking, hybrid classifier, health feedback
Lack of physical activity is becoming a killer of our healthy life. As a solution for this negative impact, we propose SmartCare to help users to set up a healthy physical activity habit. SmartCare can monitor a user's activities over a long time, and then provide activity quality assessment and suggestion. SmartCare consists of three parts, activity recognition, energy saving, and health feedback. Activity recognition can recognize nine kinds of daily activities. A hybrid classifier that uses less power and memory with satisfactory accuracy was designed and implemented by utilizing the periodicity of target activity. In addition, a learning-based energy saver was introduced to reduce energy consumption by adjusting sampling rates and the set of features adaptively. Based on the type and duration of the activity recorded, health feedback in terms of the calorie burned was given. The system could provide quantitative activity quality assessment and recommend future physical activity plans. Through extensive real-life testing, the system is shown to achieve an average recognition accuracy of 98.0% with a minimized energy expenditure.
Tsinghua University Press
Hui Liu, Rui Li, Sicong Liu et al. SmartCare: Energy-Efficient Long-Term Physical Activity Tracking Using Smartphones. Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015, 20(4): 348-363.


text:
Socially Awkward? Check Your Genes
by Michael Torrice from Science
"Some people can read your face and know you've had a bad day. Others
seem oblivious. Now, researchers have pinpointed a genetic explanation
for why some people are better empathizers than others.
Empathy is crucial for our everyday social interactions.
Neuroscientists have focused on a possible role for oxytocin, a hormone
that seems to help us get along. Human volunteers trust
others more to dole out money fairly when under the influence of the
hormone, for example. And recently, scientists have linked a variation,
or polymorphism, in the gene that codes for the oxytocin receptor to
autism, a disorder defined by impaired social interactions..."
Read the article.


text:
Oliver Boardman Huntington autobiography
Scope and Contents
Handwritten unsigned, autobiographical account believed to have been written by Huntington. The author writes of being called by Brigham Young and Daniel H. Wells to go with an expedition to Carson Valley and tell the Mormons there to return to Utah to meet the United States army, known as "Johnston's Army" in 1857. Huntington gives and account of this expedition and mentions those who participated in it.
- approximately 1880
Language of Materials
Materials are in English.
Conditions Governing Access
Open for public research.
Conditions Governing Use
It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain any necessary copyright clearances. Permission to publish material from Oliver Boardman Huntington autobiography must be obtained from the Supervisor of Reference Services and/or the L. Tom Perry Special Collections Board of Curators.
Mormon pioneer, diarist, missionary, and explorer.
1 item (25 p.)(0.03 linear ft.)
19th Century Western and Mormon Manuscripts.
- Register of Oliver Boardman Huntington autobiography
- In Progress
- Benjamin Sipes
- 2010 October 4
- Description rules
- Language of description
- Script of description
- Language of description note
- Finding aid written in English in Latin script.


Catch Bigger and Better Fish!
Can Fish See In The Dark?
Can Fish See In The Dark | Life of Fishing
Written by
Daniel Wade
/
April 6, 2020
You've probably heard numerous times that the best time to fish is at night. But have you ever wondered how fish can navigate and find prey or escape predators in the dark water that we generally find blinding? Well, can fish see in the dark?
Like many curious observers, anglers and aquarium owners have always wondered whether fish can see in the dark. How do they get to see lures or baits in the dark? Is it through their sense of smell or is it through their eyes?
Well, if you've been in a pitch dark room, it may take a few seconds for your eyes to adjust. Worst still, you cannot see in the dark and can only find your way across the room by touching. Given that fish live in arguably the darkest parts of the world – inside the water – where there's no light, you may be wondering how they move around searching for food and avoiding predators.
Unlike many other living creatures, fish do not necessarily see in dark. Instead, they have lateral lines on each side of their bodies that are essentially rows of pressure-sensitive organs to allow them to sense nearby objects and creatures, as well as the pressure changes in the water. Other fish species such as eel and sharks have special sense organs that enable them to detect minute electric fields that are produced by objects or other creatures.
For this reason, this post takes a closer look at the anatomy of a fish's eye, the vision of different fish species in the dark, and how you can take advantage of this during your fishing escapades.
This article covers:
The Science Behind Fish Vision
Although fish have eyes that are similar to those of land-dwelling vertebrates such as birds and mammals, their lenses tend to be more spherical. Unlike birds and mammals (including humans) that regulate the focus by altering the shape of their lens, fish adjust the focus by bringing the lens closer or further to the retina. This fundamentally enables them to see in low light situations.
Using Color to See
In addition to color vision, most fish species have cone cells and rod cells. These features are important in dealing with the different light waves in the water. Speaking of different light waves, the water tends to absorb light waves differently. For instance, blue and green light can penetrate the water to 200 meters below the surface while red and orange light can be absorbed within the first 20 meters. This perhaps explains why most deep-sea fish species tend to be red as they are devoid of the red light. As a result, their red colors appear black in the water, which makes them less visible to prey and predators.
Water Clarity
Whether clear or murky, water clarity can also affect a fish's vision. A lot of factors such as algae, rain, and even snow can change water clarity. In most cases, fish can see almost 100 feet away if the water is clearer. On the other hand, their vision becomes more limited to a few inches when the water is murkier.
Fish Vision Based on Water Depth
Most fish species live within 200 meters of the water surface. Known as epipelagic fish, they mainly use their vision to escape predators and hunt for prey. This means that they aren't adapted to extreme low-light conditions. Some of these species include bass, tuna, and herring.
The next zone extends from 200 meters to 1,000 meters below the ocean's surface. While you'll be rarely fishing at this depth, the fish species have large eyes and big lenses to help them deal with greatly diminished light levels. In other words, they have high light sensitivity to help them survive in these conditions. The main feature of such fish species is their upward-facing eyes, which play a crucial role in helping them detect their predators and prey camouflaging in the dim light above them. They include bigeye tuna, barreleye, and lantern fish.
Much deeper is the midnight zone where it's completely dark with no single sign of light. At this level, you're likely to find barracuda, fangtooth, and bristlemouth. Given that there's no light at this level, these fish species naturally rely on their sense of smell, lateral line, and sound to survive. Other rare species produce their own light to hunt and look for prey.
So How Do Fish Survive In The Dark?
While many people would presume that fish have difficulty seeing in the dark, this is far from the truth.
The fact that water is a low-light environment has made most fish species to adapt so that they're less dependent on vision. As such, they navigate the darkness through the lateral line, which is a unique sensory system that runs across the length of their bodies.
This helps them detect vibration, movement, and pressure changes in the water which is crucial in schooling behavior, hunting prey, escaping predators, and special awareness.
Again, most fish species have big large round lenses that make them put to good use the light from the moon and the stars. Other fish species such as catfish use chemoreceptors, which are highly-sensitive chemical substances that give them an incredible sense of smell. This allows them to smell everything around them and act accordingly. Sharks, eels, and rays have ampullae of Lorenzini, which is essentially a unique sensory organ that helps them detect electrical variation in water.
How to Fish at Night
The most important thing when it comes to fishing at night is being aware of the type of fish to target and how they behave in the dark. For instance, catfish, carp, and walleye are generally more active at night and could be a good starting point. At night, they'll feed differently as they rely on their lateral lines to detect movement and vibration in the water. For this reason, you should use noisy or moving lures to attract and catch more fish.
All in all, you can fish at night as what you may perceive as dark is enough to offer fish enough vision to feed and move around. And even if some fish species cannot see in the dark, they have the lateral lines and other sensory adaptations that enable them to detect movement, vibrations, and of course, to survive!
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Shimshoni and Levite offer a fresh look at the transformation of warfare, focusing on its evolution from post-Westphalian struggle predominantly taking place between opposing military organizations into society centric confrontations. They submit that all contemporary opponents of the West have made the social dimension central to warfare, de facto pursuing society-centric strategies even when they apply traditional force. They argue that several Western states currently similarly engage in such warfare, but without fully admitting as much or effectively adjusting their strategies, doctrines and force structures. Building on their recent expose in Survival of the theoretical and historical underpinnings of this phenomenon, the authors turn to the rich and varied Israeli warfighting experience for additional insights into the nature and dynamics of contemporary societycentric confrontation.
In this paper the authors examine the societal warfare phenomenon in four Arab-Israeli cases: Ben Gurion's formulation of Israel's foundational grand strategy and doctrine; the Egyptian-Israeli War of Attrition; Israel's ongoing confrontation with Hamas; and with Hezbollah these past two decades. They conclude with observations on factors that tend to escalate and increase the undesired societization of warfare, discussing critical implications for the study and practice of strategy.
Download Report IRSEM N° 69 - 2019


Halau hula
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A hālau hula is a school in which the ancient Hawaiian dance form called hula is taught. The term comes from hālau, a workshed, and hula, the traditional dance of the Hawaiian Islands. Prior to European contact, the Hawaiian language had no word for "school," as children learned from their parents, aunts, uncles, and elders. Children who showed promise in a specialized art or craft would be apprenticed to a master and work in the master's hālau. School, as a specialized place of instruction, did not exist in Hawai'i prior to the arrival of Christian missionaries.
In ancient times, students joining a hālau hula would be dedicated solely to the study of hula for the duration of their training. Their families would provide maintenance for the support of the hālau. Today, students have set hours for study at the hālau, and often pay monthly dues to help the kumu, roughly "headmaster" of the hālau with support and maintenance.
There is great variation between hālau. Some focus primarily on ancient styles of hula, others on modern styles, and some study both. Some hālau continue to preserve very strict kapu, sacred protocols, while others are noa, or free of kapu. The styles of hula taught in different hālau also can vary greatly. Styles are passed down from kumu to haumana, and knowledgeable students of hula can tell which hula lineage is represented by watching the dancer's presentation.
Location of hālau also can vary widely, from the garage of the kumu's home to community centers to the lawns of parks, hālau hula can be found dancing wherever there is space and interested students.
Internal Structure of Hālau Hula[edit]
Internal structure of hālau also can vary quite a bit, but in general a hālau hula is led by a kumu hula. The position is roughly equivalent to that of headmaster of a private school. The kumu is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the style and traditions handed down by the kumu's own kumu. The kumu is responsible for the spiritual integrity of the hālau, and the kumu is responsible to instruct the students to properly care for their own physical well being by teaching good exercise, dietary, and hygienic practices through instruction and example.
The po'o pua'a, or head student, is often the kumu's protégé, and under the direction of the kumu oversees the protocols and rituals of the hālau.
The 'alaka'i, "guides," act as teaching assistants. The more advanced 'alaka'i are effectively student teachers. 'Alaka'i often will assist less experienced haumana with their lessons, and coach them with the more difficult steps and moves.
Kokua, helpers, assist in a variety of areas, from lei making, to helping other haumana dress, to making the phone calls, doing fund raising, and helping the 'alaka'i to coach less experienced students.
Haumana, the students, range in age from toddlers to senior citizens.
In ancient times, halau hula training was strict. Haumana were put on kapu or forbidden rules of conduct which banned the cutting of hair and the practicing of any kind of sexual activity. Presently halau hula each have their own set of rules for their haumana. Many halau hula today still enforce the ancient kapu of cutting one's hair.
Each year, the Merrie Monarch Festival is held in Hilo, where the distinctive style of each hālau can be seen.
Four basic steps are commonly used in all halau hula. The kaholo, or travel step usually consists of four beats. This step is probably one of the most common, especially for beginning students of hula, when a mele or song is danced. The kaholo is often the dance step used during the "vamp," musical measures between the verses of songs.
The hela is a step occupying a one beat count and requires one to point out one foot at a time in front of one's body. The foot slides forward just above, and parallel to, the ground in a graceful point.
The 'uehe is done by lifting and setting back one foot then elevating both heels and pushing the knees forward rapidly. Depending on the style of 'uehe, the knees may move straight forward or at angles of up to 45 degrees from the center line. The lifted foot alternates.
The ami requires the dancer to rotate his or her hips in an elliptical motion while keeping both feet firmly planted on the ground.
Each of the steps has many variants.
All of the basic steps in hula require the shoulders to remain steady and both knees to be in a bent position at all times.
Notable halau hula[edit]
 - Halau Na Mamo O Pu'uanahulu, Kumu Hula Sonny Ching (Honolulu)
 - Halau Na Meakanu O Laka O Hawai'i, Kumu Rolanda Mohala Valentin Reese (Los Angeles, CA) _URL_, _URL_
 - Halau Hula Olana, Kumu Hula Howard and Olana Ai (Pearl City, Hawaii)
 - Hula Halau 'O Kamuela, Kumu Hula Kunewa Mook and Kaui Kamana'o (Kalihi/Waimanalo, Hawaii)
 - Hålau Nå Mamo O Pana'ewa, Kumu Hula Keoki Wang (Los Angeles, CA) _URL_
 - Na Lei 'O Kaholoku, Kumu Hula Nani Lim Yap and Leialoha Amina (Kohala, Hawaii)
 - Halau Hula Moani'a'ala Anuhea, Kumu Hula Christina Nani Aiu-Quezada (Monterey Park, CA)
 - Halau Mohala 'Ilima, Kumu Hula Mapuana de Silva (Ka'ohao, Kailua, Hawaii)
 - Halau Hula a Kawika laua 'o Leinani, Kumu Hula Kawika Viloria and Leinani Viloria (Los Angeles)
 - Keali'i 'O Nalani, Kumu Hula Keali'i Ceballos (Los Angeles)
 - Aloha 'Aina, Kumu Hula Verena Kainz (Salzburg, Austria)
 - Na Lei Hulu I Ka Wekiu, Kumu Patrick Makuakane (San Francisco, CA)
 - Halau Hula Na Pua O Ka La'akea, Kumu Shawna Alapa'i (San Rafael, CA)
 - Hālau Hula O Malulani, Kumu Hula Kapena Malulani Perez (San Diego, CA.)
 - Halau O' Makani Kai Polynesian Dance Troupe (San Diego, CA)
 - Academy of Hawaiian Arts, Kumu Mark Keali'i Ho'omalu (Oakland, CA)
 - Hula Halau O Lilino'e, Kumu Sissy Kaio (Carson, CA)
_URL_ Hula Page
_URL_ Essay 1
_URL_ Essay 2


Home Jobs & Education What Is the Average Mortician Salary?
According to official government statistics provided by the BLS (the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S), the average mortician salary for the fiscal year of 2014 was $52,550 per year or $25.25 per hour. The profession, also known as that of a funeral service worker, requires an Associate's degree and has an average job outlook.
The mortician job is, therefore, higher paid than many US occupations featured in the BLS occupational handbook. However, some morticians and funeral workers receive a significantly lower pay for their job. The lowest paid 10% in this line of work receive just $25,910 per year, equaling to a mere $12.46 per hour. On the other end of the spectrum of reference for this occupation, the highest paid 10 points percentile get an average mortician salary of $83,520 or $40,16 per hour.
There isn't enough data to adequately say much about wage equality within this profession. As of 2014, there were only 60,400 people employed in the general area of funeral managing and death care. Of these 60,400, just 23,000 were morticians. Of the 23 thousand, 17 thousand were men, while 7,000 were women. Funeral workers and morticians are generally employed in the following two areas. As you can see, the salary of a mortician does vary a lot between them:
Industry Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Federal Executive Branch (OES Designation) $34.77 $72,320
Death Care Services $24.94 $51,870
"mortician salary salary of a mortician average salary of a mortician average mortician salary"
A mortician makes arrangements for the funeral and takes care of the deceased.
What Is the Average Mortician Salary by Location
Depending on the location where he or she is employed, the salary of a mortician may vary very much. Furthermore, the levels of employment for this job tend to vary greatly depending on each State. While salary varies depending on how many people employ the services of morticians in the respective area, the general price-tag for a specific area also comes into play.
Here's a list of the States which pay their mortician salaries the most in terms of the annual mean wage:
State Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Delaware $34.12 $70,970
Illinois $33.91 $70,530
New Jersey $33.80 $70,310
Rhode Island $33.74 $70,190
Nebraska $29.57 $61,510
Still, wage can be equally important as the specific level of employment. A mortician practicing his skills in Delaware might have a very hard time finding a job, even though the mortician salary is the highest out of all the US. That's because the whole state has just 80 mortician jobs available. Here's a table to indicate the best states in terms of employment:
State Employment Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Texas 1,940 $24.11 $50,140
Ohio 1,500 $24.83 $51,650
California 1,490 $22.71 $47,230
New York 1,460 $25.26 $52,540
Florida 1,250 $25.74 $53,540
Average Mortician Salary Change over Time
Given that the mortician job is seen as a hereditary line of work, parents usually pass on their trade to their kids once they reach an appropriate age. This means that most employees who begin work in this job line so early already know the skills they need to earn a decent wage. Here are the factors that influence the average mortician salary over time, according to PayScale:
 - Entry-level employees can earn up to 17% lower than the national average while mid-career employees earn just 5% more.
 - Experienced mortician will earn a mortician salary up to 23% bigger than the national average.
 - Late-career morticians may earn less than experienced morticians, but still 20% more than the average.
Image source: depositphotos.com.
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Drag, Drop... Done
Digital file transfer and remote proofing are speeding up workflows and making it easier for in-plants to communicate with clients.
Your client wants the job done yesterday.
In one scenario, the client downloads the job to disk, packs it up and transports it to you. You run a press proof and deliver it back to the waiting client. The client wants changes, so the whole process starts over again. Time elapsed: 48 hours (and counting).
In an alternate scenario, the client merely drags the job file over to a folder on the computer desktop and sends it to you via a digital network. You then send a proof directly to a printer in the client's office. When the client wants changes made, you make the changes and send another proof. Time elapsed: one hour.
Digital file transfer and remote proofing are quickly becoming business standards, speeding up the workflow and making it easier for in-plants to communicate with their clients. If you still rely on sneakernet for receiving files, it's time to think about moving forward.
The main reason that in-plants consider digital file transfer is speed.
"With digital networking you're building in speed," says Burke McCarthy, president of Mannheim, Germany-based Hermstedt, a supplier of telecommunications products for desktop computers. "When you have to write a disk and courier it to your client, you lose productive time."
Digital transfer also allows easy communication between facilities and creates a seamless workflow, according to Chuck Gehman, vice president of technology at Digital Art Exchange (DAX), in Boston, a provider of open digital connectivity solutions.
"For anyone in the graphic communications business," he says, "anything you can do to make it easier to work with you is going to help."
Sending Work Over The Internet
The most well-known way of transferring files is via the Internet. It's quick and it's easy—but the most compelling reason for using the Internet to send files is that it's one of the most widely adopted communications networks in the world. While your clients may not have ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) lines or be on your managed network, you can be sure they have e-mail addresses.


This article is an interview with former Provisional Irish Republican Army active service volunteer and current Sinn Féin activist and visual artist Danny Devenny. Culled from interviews conducted in Belfast between 1998 and 2000, during the Northern Ireland peace process, Danny Devenny reflects on the role of visual arts in the republican movement and discusses how public images framed the IRA prison struggle, connected republican communities to their history and traditions, and helped lay the groundwork for the successful politicization of Sinn Féin.
The text of this article is only available as a PDF.
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Foto: Joachim E. Röttgers
Statutes "just human e.V."
§ 1 Name, location
 1. The society is named „just human". It is located in Stuttgart, Germany.
 2. The society is officially registered as a non-profit making society and thus receives the addition „e.V".
 3. The working year is the calendar year.
§ 2 Purpose
 1. The purpose of the society is to help refugees, as well as to support actions to help alleviate reasons leading to their flight and it will support the development of democratic structures and administration.
 In detail, the society will focus on:
 - The assistance of refugees who had to flee their countries because of war, violence, political or personal persecution, exploitation or economic problems,
 - international ethos and tolerance in all areas of culture and human understanding,
 - cooperation in developmental work,
 - assistance for people, especially of women and girls as well as lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, transsexuals and intersexuals, whose human rights are violated,
 - analysis and research towards understanding the reasons leading to flight and their abolishment and support for people who are affected by war, violence, political or personal persecution, exploitation or economic problems,
 - education and qualification into reasons for flight and assistance in building democratic structures and administration.
 2. The purpose of the statutes will be achieved by
 - helping individuals or developing projects to help save refugees in danger of death, as well as the application of basic human care and medical, psychosocial and legal support both in Germany and worldwide,
 - actions and projects to avoid reasons for flight, e.g., engagement in human rights and against climatic changes, weapon dealing, violence and economic exploitation, as well as in the development of democratic structures and administration,
 - political lobbying, awareness and information for the public,
 - the development of organisational structures in Germany and worldwide.
§ 3 Public benefits and benevolence
 1. The society pursues only benefits to the public and benevolence in the context of the section „Tax deductible purposes" in the general German tax code.
 2. The society is altruistic: it is not designed to generate profits.
 3. Society capital may only be used for the purposes described in the statutes. Society members will not receive financial gains from the society capital.
 4. No-one will profit in any way through donations or disproportionate gratuities that are not covered by the society statutes.
§ 4 Management Body of the Society
 1. The society is governed through the general assembly meetings and members of the board.
§ 5 Membership
 1. Any natural or judicial person or who is prepared to help realise the society goals can become a society member. The steering committee will decide who may become a member.
 2. Membership ends:
 - Through a written statement to the steering committee explaining the reasons for wishing to leave. Membership will officially finish at the end of the calendar year,
 - through expulsion of a member,
 - through death of a member (judicial persons through contract termination).
 3. Any member can be expelled if his/her behaviour grossly contradicts the interests of the society. The steering committee will decide over the expulsion.
 4. Anyone who has voluntarily left or been expelled from the society will have no claims on the society's assets.
 5. The amount for membership fees shall be decided by the members at the society's general assembly meetings. The society deals with donations from members and third party grants for the purposes listed under §2. Society members shall also be active in attracting new financial donors and supporters in order to achieve the purposes listed under §2.
§ 6 General Assembly Meetings
 1. The official members assembly meeting shall take place once per year. Additional meetings may be organised if it is in the interest of the society or when at least 20% of the members call for such an additional meeting by written application stating their reasons and purpose of the meeting.
 2. Every society member shall receive a written invitation to the general members assembly meeting from the board, either by post or email at least four weeks prior to the meeting, which shall include the planned agenda.
 3. The chairperson is the chair of the board, or in case of their absence, the second chair of the board of the society. In case neither can attend, a chairperson shall be named by the attending members through a majority vote. A secretary shall also be chosen by the attending members.
 4. Every Members Assembly Meeting listed above shall be competent in making decisions, regardless of the number present at the meeting, according to the specifications.
 5. Any decisions made at the general meeting shall be carried through a simple majority of the valid votes made. Abstentions will count as invalid votes. Any changes to the statutes of the society shall require a majority of 75% of the valid votes made. The board shall decide on the form of voting. However, this must be made using written voting forms, unless all of the attending members prefer to have an open vote.
 6. A written protocol shall be made concerning any decisions made, that shall be signed by the chairperson and the chosen secretary.
§ 7 Board
 1. The total size of the board shall consist of at least three and maximally five members. At least 50% of the steering committee shall be female.
 2. The official board representatives shall consist of the chair of the board and second chair of the board of the society. Each can represent the society individually according to German law (§ 26 BGB). At least one of these shall be female.
 3. The board shall be voted in at the general membership meeting for a period of at least two years. All members of the steering committee shall remain in office until a new election takes place.
 4. The board may select an executive manager to assist in running the society. The executive manager will be responsible for all aspects of the society not as a controller for the board and shall become a member of the committee with voting powers. The executive manager may represent the society with the same rights as the chair of the board or second chair of the board following written authorization according to German law (§ 26 BGB).
 5. The board shall make concrete decisions concerning the realization of those purposes listed under § 2 and shall report on such projects at the general membership assembly, listing successes or failures of projects. The society board and if named, the executive manager are entitled to introduce their own applications for support.
§ 8 Auditing Control
 1. The general meeting assembly shall select two members as account auditors for a period of two years each.
 2. The auditors shall control the accounts according to correct cash management by the the board and where present, the executive manager. The auditors shall report annually at the general membership assembly meeting.
§ 9 Closure, Access to the Society's funds
In case the society closes or through loss of tax-privileged purposes, the society funds will be passed on to the medica mondiale e.V. That society must immediately and exclusively utilize these funds only for non-profit making charitable purposes.


Disability Retirement for Federal Government Employees: The Door Left Ajar
The image of the door left ajar is one likened to the metaphor of the tree which falls in a forest without a human around to observe the phenomena; the question of whether the event created a sound is a conundrum, and a double-one at that, for the moment we ponder it, we insert a human perspective into the equation, and any attempt to delete our presence only compounds the puzzlement.
A door left ajar implies that someone or some animal partially opened it, or perhaps in reverse; but in either event, the image of a door neither fully shut nor widely open, leaves an impression of some presence. Moreover, it is that partial opening which represents lack of complete satisfaction, of something left undone, which stirs the emotions of one's imagination.
For the Federal employee who is reaching certain milestones of Federal or Postal Service, the "light at the end of the tunnel" is often seen within one's grasp, as a door left slightly ajar, and inviting one to take hold of the doorknob, open it wide, and exit into the sunset of life. When the door left ajar is within view and reach, the expectation of exiting becomes a magnified potentiality about to be embraced.
But often, with only a couple of years left, unexpected events can occur. A medical condition can impact one's ability to reach that magical age of retirement, or be cut short before accruing the years of service needed. The door left ajar is suddenly beyond reach, and the winds of life seemingly slams shut the once-inviting entranceway.
Federal Disability Retirement, no matter how close one is to regular retirement, may be the option of choice. Whether under FERS or CSRS, Disability Retirement through the Office of Personnel Management is an option left open for all Federal and Postal employees.
The image of the door left ajar is merely a metaphor of life; how one responds to the reality of each particular situation will determine the consequences of one's future.
Robert R. McGill, Esquire


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In the wake of Syrian unrest, Israel's residents are scrambling to get their government-distributed gas masks. A month before the festival of Purim, Israeli children are learning to don another costume.
In the wake of Israel's strike on Syrian chemical weapons convoys on Wednesday, January 30th, Israeli citizens in the north, closer to the Syrian border, went to get their gas masks.Officials from the Israel Postal Company said that over 4,000 masks had been given out Tuesday, up from 1,400 on the days before. The company also stated that in Jerusalem and Beersheba the numbers were especially high, up from less than 400 a day to over 1,000. That means almost three times the average number of citizens came to distribution centers across the country to receive their protective gear.
As of now, more than 4,700,000 protective gear kits have been distributed countrywide.
Children are especially vulnerable to toxins, and Israel has had to create special gas masks for children. The image in the post is the cover to the User Manual (הוראות שימוש or horeot shimush) for a gas mask for children aged 0 - 2, and illustrates how Israel has coped with dangerous neighbors. In a a few short weeks, though, children will dress up very differently when they celebrate the redemption of the Jewish people from the evil plans of Haman on Purim.
Purim, celebrated on February 23rd, is a holiday for children (read more about the festival here).. Israeli children dress up and go around giving gifts - Mishloach Manot - to friends, as well as going to the synagogue to hear the Megilla (the story of Esther).
Help Israeli children celebrate this festive holiday and give them something to smile about in this trying time. Click here and purchase a Purim Treat for Children. Israel Today staff will go to various locations in the Jerusalem area and around Israel to deliver your Purim Treat to help children celebrate this festive holiday.
The Purim Treat will contain:
- A Noise Maker for Purim
- Lollies and sweets
- A Surprise gift bag
- Colorful stickers
Be part of the spirit of Purim. Bring joy to the children of Israel.


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N.H. poverty rate lowest in nation
CONCORD — New Hampshire had the lowest poverty rate among both individuals and families in the nation last year, but the rate has been rising over the past few years, according to new U.S. Census data.
In 2011, 8.8 percent of individuals - 112,700 people — were living below the poverty line, the lowest percentage in the U.S. The data found that 5.6 percent of New Hampshire families were living below the poverty line, also the lowest rate in the country.
The figures come from the American Community Survey, an ongoing survey that helps the state and federal government determine where to distribute funding.
The Granite State poverty rates were roughly half the national averages. The average poverty rate in the U.S. last year was 11.7 percent for families — more than double New Hampshire's rate — and 15.9 percent for individuals, nearly two times New Hampshire's rate.
While New Hampshire has the nation's smallest share of impoverished people, its poverty rate is actually at its highest in several years.
In fact, the rate among individuals has risen substantially since before the recession. From 7.1 percent, or 90,204 people, to the current 8.8 percent.
In 2010, the percentage of New Hampshire residents living below the poverty line was 8.3 percent, or 105,700 people. In 2009, the rate was 8.5 percent, or 109,213 people, and in 2008, the rate was 7.5 percent, or 96,041 people.
In 2011, Alaska and Vermont tied for second-lowest family poverty rate, at 6.9 percent. New Mexico and Mississippi had the highest poverty rates in the country in 2011, at 16.6 and 17.4 percent, respectively.


PROBLEM 2: A caterpillar, of length L, crawls along a wire in the direction of its electron drift. The wire itself is made of oopper, has a diameter…
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A caterpillar, of length
 - Attachment 1
 - Attachment 2
PROBLEM 2: A caterpillar, of length L, crawls along a wire in the direction of its electrondrift. The wire itself is made of oopper, has a diameter D, and carries a steady,r current i. {a} What is the potential difference between the caterpillars head and tailiI lb} Does the caterpillar's tail have a higher or lower potential compared to its headiI Noexplanation is required. {c} How much time would it take for the caterpillar to crawl a distance or while keepingpace with the drifting speed of the electrons in the wire?

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Studies of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) and SOFC Materials with High-Temperature Raman Spectroscopy
Materials used in electrocatalytic applications are often subject to extreme nonequilibrium conditions. These conditions include high temperatures (above 1000 K), strong oxidizing or reducing environments, and non-uniform electrochemical potentials. In solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), materials encounter all three of these conditions simultaneously. In this work, vibrational Raman spectroscopy and voltammetry were used together to monitor and model the chemical and physical changes in operating SOFCs. The temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of various SOFC materials, such as yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and nickel oxide (NiO), was quantified and used to assess sample temperatures in later experiments. By means of temporally resolved Raman measurements, the reduction and oxidation kinetics of ceria and gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) were determined. These studies provide a basis for understanding the chemical behavior of SOFC materials, which is difficult to measure at elevated temperatures. The deposition of graphite on SOFCs operating with methane was also examined. Electrochemical oxidation of graphite, as monitored with simultaneous chronopotentiometry and Raman spectroscopy, quantified the amount of carbon formed on the cell. This work allows us to correlate performance changes in operating SOFCs with measurable chemical phenomena occurring at the anode. Ongoing research examines reaction kinetics at the triple phase boundary (TPB) of anode-supported SOFCs.


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This chapter in the Six-Word Memoir book series examines a topic bursting with words: Jewish life. Here is what the media is saying about Oy! Only Six? Why Not More? Six-Word Memoirs on Jewish Life.
The Forward: "Millions of words, over thousands of years, have been written about the nature of the Jewish soul. But the most precise distillation of our people's essence may have finally arrived in fewer characters than a tweet."
J-Weekly: "The six-worders on Jewish Life are reflective of Jewish life itself: They run the gamut from hilarious to deeply poignant, with stops everywhere in between."
The Jewish Exponent: "The concept has been bandied about the Shabbat table, in synagogues and among Jewish leaders. Rabbis have used the concept in sermons, and storytelling sessions at various JCCs and synagogues have, in Smith's words, 'created community in new ways.' "
The Virginian Pilot: "Chock full of stories on faith and family, duty and identity from Jews across the world."
Gothamist's Jamie Feldmar talks to Larry Smith about SMITH Magazine's live story show series, including the latest, "Six Words on the Jewish Life."
SHOP THE BOOK >


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Revista argentina de cardiología
versión On-line ISSN _PHONE_
BORRACCI, Raúl A; DOVAL, Hernán C; MANENTE, Diego y TAJER, Carlos D. Scientific Collaboration Networks in Argentine Cardiology Publications. Rev. argent. cardiol. [online]. 2009, vol.77, n.6, pp. 487-492. ISSN _PHONE_.
Background The structure of scientific collaboration networks has been recently studied in different disciplines. The analysis of large data bases using specialized software capable of connecting the different authors and coauthors in a large network of scientific collaboration has enabled the construction of collaboration graphs between investigators in several disciplines. The use of these networks is not new in the field of bibliometrics; however, attention has been recently focused on academic co-authorship networks which might be more representative of the structure of knowledge of an academic community. Objective To describe the structure of scientific collaboration networks in Argentina based on co-authorship network analysis of the articles published in the field of cardiology during 2007. Material and Methods We conducted a bibliographic search of Argentine papers published in the field of cardiology. Data was retrieved from Medline and from two local journals: Rev Argent Cardiol and Rev Fed Arg Cardiol. Collaboration networks between authors were constructed using the Kamada-Kawai algorithm included in the Pajek software. Results Mean papers per author ranged from 1.12 to 1.24, the exponent tau of productivity was 2.78 to 3.45, mean authors per paper from 3.60 to 6.51, and collaborators per author ranged between 2.60 and 4.88. The construction of collaboration networks showed that the size of the giant component was between 13.1% and 65.8%, the mean distance between authors was 1.5 to 8.5 and the maximum distance was 5-24. Conclusions The structures of different scientific collaboration networks based on co-authorship in Argentine papers published in local and international journals were studied. The productivity index followed Lotka's law with a value that was similar to the one reported in biomedical publications. The size of the collaboration network was smaller than expected, probably due to the short period of the study. The mean distance between authors was greater than we expected, indicating an inadequate structure of connections and collaboration between investigators.
Palabras llave : Bibliometrics; Cardiology; Argentina.


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Animal Crusaders helping homeless animals
Whether it's decorating bed covers for the cats, or helping train the dogs with treats, a group of elementary school students from Lyles-Crouch Traditional Academy in Alexandria is dedicated to improving the lives of homeless animals.
The students call themselves the Animal Crusaders and they're regular volunteers at the Animal Welfare League of Alexandria.
"I'm helping them find homes and making them better habitats where they are right now," says Animal Crusader Linnea Bow.
Sometimes, the Animal Crusaders make toys for cats. They even read to the animals.
The shelter says the animals directly benefit from this interaction with the children.
"It's good to introduce animals and children together because animals get used to having children around and become more adoptable to families," says Youth Volunteer Coordinator Lindsay Halgerson.
And the students are learning the rewards of giving back a lesson they're apparently sharing with their friends.
"They love the animals and are excited to come and want to help and telling their friends about animal crusaders and that's the best thing," says teacher Anne Marie Harris-White.
Would you like to contribute to this story? Join the discussion.
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What You Need
- 1 Shoebox
- 1 Cardboard box to cut up (you can also use 6 sheets of heavy card stock available at craft stores)
- Safety scissors
- Craft glue
- 1 5×5-inch sheet of bubble wrap
- 1 5×5-inch sheet of sandpaper
- 1 5×5-inch sheet of felt
- 1 5×5-inch piece of fuzzy fabric
- 1 5×5-inch piece of aluminum foil
- 1 5×5-inch piece of burlap
How To Make It
- Cut out one 5×5-inch piece of cardboard for each texture square.
- Cut 5×5-inch squares from each of the different textured materials you have chosen (bubble wrap, sandpaper, etc.)
- Using white craft glue, apply each of the materials to the cardboard squares. Let dry completely.
- To create the Texture Box, place all the finished texture squares into the shoebox.
How To Plat
- Sit across from your toddler with the Texture Box between you.
- Have your toddler choose one of the texture squares and show her how to run her hand over the surface of the square.
- If it's the sandpaper square, say "rough." When she rubs her hand over the surface, ask her to say "rough."
- After she feels all of the squares and you both have named each one, you can go back and ask your child to express which one she likes the best.
- The Texture Box is a great activity to take along and play with your toddler while you are waiting for an appointment or sitting together in the car waiting to pick up an older sibling.


steel is the second strongest metal after tungsten.
However, tungsten is relatively rare, unlike steel. Steel is made mostly of iron which is very abundant.
For these 2 reasons, 1) steel is incredibly strong and 2) is very abundant and easier to source, steel is one of the most common metals used in bike frames. Carbon fiber by comparison can be up to 10 times stronger than steel (source).
These properties of carbon fiber mean that a bike made of carbon fiber can also be up to 10 times stronger than a steel frame. This increased strength is rarely needed in cycling. Cycling accidents that generate enough force to bend a steel frame are rare.
Are Carbon Forks Reliable?
Forks are a major component of a bike, and if they fail it can result in a serious crash. Therefore, it's important to know which forks are the most reliable and last the longest. Here's an explanation about whether carbon forks are reliable:
Carbon forks are the most reliable fork material. They are the strongest material that can be used for a bike. In independent tests, it was found that carbon bike components are much stronger than other metals for both stress and impact.
As an added advantage they are also lighter and have better handling than other types of forks such as aluminum. This makes them better to transport or carry over difficult terrain. This can be necessary for mountain biking or downhill.
Due to the increased strength that carbon forks have they will suffer less wear and tear. In metals science there is what is called metal fatigue (source). This is where when metal bends it weakens and weakens until eventually, it can snap.
You may have tried this yourself with a paper clip or piece of metal wire.
Because carbon forks don't bend as easily as other types of metals, they don't suffer as much fatigue, and therefore, last longer, and are more reliable than other types of metal.
Sources


PieceWorx Writing Studio v1.0 _URL_
Find
Searching a Single Page
Searching All Pages
Navigating Search Results
Hotkey Ctrl+F (show and focus the find tab)
Ctrl+F (hide the find tab if it is showing and has focus)
Ctrl+Shift+Alt+Up (show and focus the find tab)
Ctrl+Shift+Alt+Down (hide the find tab if it is showing)
Right-click menu Search/Find
The find tab can be found (heh) in the bottom frame. It allows you to search for instances of certain text in the current document or in all documents in your notebook.
Searching a Single Page
To search for all instances of text within a single page, type your search text into the box in the Find tab, ensure the All pages check box is not checked, then click the Find button. Pressing the enter key in the text box will do the same as clicking the Find button.
Your matches will show up in a list below the search box.
You can see in the screen capture above that there are several columns. Notice also the search summary below the list of matches. In the above screen capture it says, "Found 86 matches for "moby" in 1 of 1 pages."
Searching All Pages
To search all pages, do the same as when searching a single page, except be sure the All pages checkbox is selected.
Have a look at the Page column in the screen capture below. Notice that matches were found in both the Lorem Ipsum page and the Moby Dick page. That's only because I planted a few Mobys in the Lorem Ipsum page to demonstrate the All pages search feature.
Navigating Search Results
Navigation of search results is the same whether you searched just one page or all pages. And as with most things in PieceWorx Writing Studio, there are a few different ways to do it.
Mouse
When you double click a match row using the mouse, the row will become highlighted, the appropriate page will be loaded into the editor and positioned so the match is visible and highlighted. Easy breezy, right.
Double-click another row et Voila!
Previous/Next Buttons
You can also navigate the matches by using the mouse to click the previous/next navigation buttons at the top right of the Find tab.
When you click a button, it will do all the same things as double-clicking a row in the match results list. The match row will be highlighted in the results list and the page and and match content will be shown in the editor.
Just click the right arrow for the next match or the left arrow for the previous match. When you reach the end of the list it will jump you back to the first item in the match results list. Similarly, if you are navigating in reverse direction and you reach the first result, it will jump you to the last item.
Up/Down Arrows
Hotkey Ctrl+F (return to find tab)
Hotkey Down arrow (enter results list, highlight next match)
Hotkey Up arrow (highlight previous match)
Hotkey Enter (select active match)
If you are like me, you prefer to minimize the use of the mouse. Or perhaps using the mouse is just inconvenient because you are composing on your laptop or a Windows tablet. One option to avoid the mouse is to use the up and down arrows to navigate the Find results.
First make sure the cursor is focused in the text box on the Find tab. You may need to type Ctrl+F to return focus there if, for example, you were just editing a previous match.
Let's suppose match number 78 is highlighted. Now press the down key on your keyboard one time. It will appear that nothing happened, but what actually happened is that row 78 now has focus. If you press the enter key, match 78 will be reloaded, but don't do that just yet.
So, continue by pressing the down arrow a second time. Observe that the next match, row 79, becomes highlighted. To display that match in the editor, just hit the enter key. Focus jumps to the editor and you can start typing to edit the match. When you are done just type Ctrl+F again to return focus to the search box in the Find tab. Press the down arrow on your keyboard twice and the next match, 80, is highlighted.
Try this out a few times to get the hang of it and you'll see why I love this feature for those of us who prefer to minimize use of the mouse.
Previous/Next Hotkeys
Hotkey Ctrl+G (Find next match)
Hotkey Ctrl+Shift+G (Find previous match)
Hotkey F3 (Find next match)
Hotkey Shift+F3 (Find previous match)
The hotkeys for previous match and next match do the same thing as the previous and next buttons described above.
One big advantage of these hotkeys is that they are active from the Find tab, the Editor window or the Notebook tab. So, if, for example, you want to jump from match to match in the editor window without ever going back to the Find tab, you can.
NOTE: The Find tab must be visible for these hotkeys to work.


Jones Handout
Conference Homepage, Participant Bios, Abstracts and Handouts
Between Medusa and Savathûn
Mythic Echoes in the Lore of Destiny 2
Links for Context
Destiny 2:
Ishtar Collective Lore Compendium:
The Light [Gardener, Sky]: paracausal force which exists to increase the complexity and diversity of entities and to nurture new lifeforms. Associated with the Traveller, and the driving force behind Guardian power and immortality. Diametrically opposed to the Darkness
The Darkness [Winnower, Deep]: paracausal force which exists to decrease complexity and diversity of entities, chiefly through survival of the fittest. Associated with the Hive, Taken, Scorn, and Pyramids. Diametrically opposed to the Light; intelligent and capable of communication.
Ghosts: small, intelligent machines created by the Traveller to find, resurrect, and protect Guardians.
Guardians [Lightbearers]: Beings who have been resurrected by Ghosts and are now imbued with Light. They are, with few exceptions, immortal and primarily defend the Traveler/Solar System against threats.
Oryx [The Taken King, King of Depths, ]: one of three Hive Gods, whose purview is understanding/complexity. Through communication with the Deep he created the Tablets of Ruin, which enabled him to create Taken.
Taken: beings which have been corrupted by the Darkness and paracausally altered to be a perfect expression of their given purpose; their will is often entirely given over to whomever Took them. The ability was pioneered by Oryx but eventually used by the other Hive Gods.
Savathûn [Taken Queen, The Black Needle, Witch, Scheme-Mother, etc]: one of three Hive Gods, whose purview is cunning/strategy. Current theories postulate that she gains power whenever others attempt to understand her and fail, or rather, when she is more cunning than her adversaries.
Quria, Blade Transform [The Dreaming Mind, Medusa?]: formerly a Vex axis-mind hydra which was manifested by the Vex to understand and conquer Oryx's realm. Taken by Oryx and then presented to Savathûn for the purpose of study; left with a sliver of free will for this purpose.It is later revealed that Savathûn engineered the creation of Quria to further her own ends.
Medusa [Quria?]: A.I. created for covert operations and intelligence-gathering, also capable of simulating multiple humans at once to further these ends. Whether this A.I. actually existed is unconfirmed, as it may have been a manifestation by the Taken Mind, Quria.
Vex: collective mind described as a "hyperintelligent time-spanning thought-mesh," composed of component intelligences that manifest according to a set of predetermined robotic archetypes such as hydras, minotaurs, and goblins. Capable of portal-based travel, timeline manipulation and data processing on a godlike-scale, and integrating not only creatures but entire planets into their network. The purpose of their existence is to eliminate and/or subsume everything else.
The Traveler: massive, spherical paracausal entity associated with the Light. Capable of terraforming worlds; created Ghosts and thus Guardians. Acts as a source of Light


There Is Sometimes, 1/16/2016
By Jonathan Berman
There Is Sometimes
There is a path called your life.
Sometimes there is a butterfly.
Sometimes the butterfly is a sign.
Sometimes there is light.
Sometimes the light is hope.
Sometimes the path is strewn with pretty pebbles.
Sometimes the pebbles are not pebbles.
Sometimes silence is not so quiet.
Sometimes silence is a river.
Sometimes the water is music.
Sometimes the music is voices.
Sometimes those voices are your past choices.
Sometimes the choices bring pain.
There is a path called pain.
There is a sign post called a butterfly...


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The AAS Astronomy Ambassadors Program
For early-career AAS members interested in, or already, doing outreach with students and the public, the AAS Astronomy Ambassadors program provides professional development and mentoring opportunities, through workshops at AAS meetings, an online community of practice, and access to resources and contacts.
Working in partnership with the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP), National Radio Astronomy Observatory, and the Portal to the Public/Institute for Learning Innovation, the AAS Astronomy Ambassadors program targets early-career astronomers, including graduate students, postdocs, relatively new faculty, and advanced undergrads.
By learning how to implement effective education and outreach strategies, AAS Astronomy Ambassadors will become better educators, better presenters at meetings, and better representatives of our science to the public and to government. And because young astronomers are a more diverse group than those who currently do the majority of outreach, they help the astronomical community present a more multicultural and gender-balanced face to the public and enable members of underserved groups to see themselves as scientists.
Since "random acts of EPO" have been shown to have no lasting effect, the emphasis of the AAS Astronomy Ambassadors program will be on helping participants set up ongoing, sustainable partnerships with schools or other organizations.
Putting a Face on Science
The Astronomy Ambassadors project was the brainchild of then-AAS President Debra M. Elmegreen. Among other motivations, she was alarmed at the results of Research!America's 2009 "Your Congress–Your Health" poll, in which 65% of Americans said they couldn't name a living scientist and another 18% tried but failed, either naming dead scientists or nonscientists. In other words, the poll showed that fewer than 1 in 5 Americans can name a living scientist; undoubtedly, the fraction of our citizens who know a scientist personally must be far smaller. The AAS Council agreed with Elmegreen that we should take action to address this problem.
The AAS mission statement includes two key statements that explains why the Society is investing in communication and outreach training:
- The Society, through its members, trains, mentors, and supports the next generation of astronomers. The Society supports and promotes increased participation of historically underrepresented groups in astronomy.
- The Society assists its members to develop their skills in the fields of education and public outreach at all levels. The Society promotes broad interest in astronomy, which enhances science literacy and leads many to careers in science and engineering.
The first Astronomy Ambassadors workshop was held at the 221st AAS meeting in Long Beach, California, in January 2013 and served 30 young astronomers chosen from more than 75 applicants. A professional evaluation of the workshop was conducted via pre- and post-workshop surveys, observations of the workshop, lunchtime focus groups, and later telephone interviews with a subset of participants. More than 90% of respondents rated the inaugural workshop good or excellent. Feedback from participants and lessons learned from their outreach event logs helped inform planning for subsequent workshops, which have been held at every winter AAS meeting since.
Who Are the AAS Astronomy Ambassadors?
One of our goals is to put a young, enthusiastic, and diverse face on the science of astronomy. Accordingly, the primary candidates for Astronomy Ambassadors training are early-career AAS members: mainly graduate students and first-time postdocs, but also some advanced undergraduate seniors as well as new faculty members.
We strive to include ambassadors of diverse gender, racial, and cultural backgrounds; from institutions large and small and urban and rural; from throughout North America; and to encourage ambassadors to seek out venues with diverse audiences for their outreach activities. The information in the following graphics is drawn from the applications of the first two classes of AAS Astronomy Ambassadors (60 people):
As of mid-2014, 42 (70%) of the first two cohorts of ambassadors had logged a combined 207 EPO events, while 18 (30%) had not yet logged their first event. The five most active ambassadors had, between them, logged 103 events, i.e., half the total. Seventeen more ambassadors had logged at least three events, while 20 had logged one or two events each. More events are logged every week.
Whom Are Ambassadors Serving?
The opportunities for outreach are many, both in and out of the classroom. Adults and family groups flock to community centers, science museums, planetariums, nature centers, national and regional parks, fairs and festivals, science-institution open houses, etc., where they can be engaged in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) activities. And students can be found not only in formal classrooms, but also in afterschool programs and summer camps. The tools emphasized in the workshop are most appropriate for the general public and middle- and high-school students. Based on our Ambassadors' event logs, the average audience is about 75 people ranging from preschoolers to senior citizens, with most events serving K- 12 schoolchildren and their parents and teachers.
A Community of Practice
Using infrastructure already developed for the ASP's Astronomy from the Ground Up (AFGU) program, we've built a forum dedicated to tools for, and communication among, Astronomy Ambassadors. Participants are part of an online community that regularly exchanges ideas, resources, and experiences, not only with each other but also with their workshop trainers.
As the program grows — as new cohorts of Ambassadors "graduate" from training and get involved with outreach — there will be an increasing number of participants in the online forum and more opportunities for sharing of successes and challenges and for group problem solving.
The MOOSE: A New Resource for Astronomy EPO
AAS Astronomy Ambassadors are provided with a large library of outreach activities and materials that are suitable for a range of venues and audiences and that grows with time. We call it the MOOSE, or Menu of Outreach Opportunities for Science Education, and we have posted it online for the benefit of the larger astronomical community.
For much of the MOOSE we are using resources developed by the ASP, the Pacific Science Center, and the Center for Astronomy Education for their outreach programs, though some resources have been created by Andy Fraknoi specifically for the Astronomy Ambassadors program.
How Can You Become Involved?
If you're part of our target audience to become an Astronomy Ambassador, please watch the AAS website for announcements of future workshops.
If you're an experienced EPO professional and are interested in contributing outreach materials or techniques that you have developed and that could be featured on the Astronomy Ambassadors website and/or our workshops, please contact Linda Shore, ASP Executive Director.
- Afterschool Alliance
- Astronomical Society of the Pacific EPO programs
- Center for Astronomy Education (CAE)
- NASA science EPO programs
- NOAO science education & public outreach
- NSF education resources
- Portal to the Public
- Research!America's "Your Congress–Your Health" poll
- Society of Physics Students (SPS) Science Outreach Catalyst Kits (SOCKs)
- WorldWide Telescope Ambassadors
- Learning Space Episode 41: Astronomy Ambassadors (YouTube video)