text:
Content Analysis Process
I sought an easy way for students to conduct rudimentary content analysis using Microsoft Word and Excel.
- Open Microsoft Word and a web browser.
- Identify primary documents you wish to analyze. Find the online text using a search engine (I like Google), or the links below.
- Use your mouse to highlight the text portion of your document. (Note: documents in.pdf must be saved as text.)
- Copy the selection.
- Paste the selection into Microsoft Word. From now one you will work with Word.
- Go to the Word Toolbar, select "Tools," then Word Count.
- Copy the data. You may want to enter the data into a spreadsheet like Microsoft Excel.
- Now begin to query the data by looking for words or phrases. On the Toolbar, go to "Edit" and then "Find." A box entitled "Find and Replace" will appear. Click on the "Replace" tab. Select the "More" option on the left side of the bottom row. Make sure that you have selected Search "All." Type the word you have chosen into the line labeled "Find what."
[Note: Under the default option, Word will replace any string of characters even if it appears within a word. For example "government" would replace "government," "Government," "governments," and "Governments" or any other extension of the word unless you choose "options" and select "match case" and/or "find whole words only." You may want to use the default option if you are looking for themes such as "free" instead of just "freedom."]
- Click on the "Replace all" button and make sure that you have searched the entire document (not just to the end of the document).
- Word will tell you how many replacements have been made.
- Record the word you have "replaced" and the number of replacements.
After collecting your data, you will probably want to chart the information.
See examples of student-generated charts using the assignment below:
Students were asked to identify three "policy" speeches to get a better sense of U.S. government concerns over time. They chose George Washington's Farewell Address, the Monroe Doctrine, and Dwight Eisenhower's speech on the military-industrial complex. They applied the content analysis methods outlined above.
After analyzing these data, the students chose to add Nikita Khrushchev's Secret Speech as a different, comparative dimension. Students then charted the frequency of the selected words both as a word count and as a percentage of the speech.


text:
FRONT & REAR PANELS Reloop Beatpad2 - Front Panel
- MIC INPUT. Connect a 1/4" microphone to this input. This input's audio signal is routed directly to the Program Mix and Cue Mix.
- MIC LEVEL. Adjust the gain of the microphone input channel.
- HEADPHONES SOCKET. Connect your 1/4" headphones to this output for cueing and mix monitoring.
Reloop Beatpad2 - Rear Panel
- AUX INPUT. Connect your audio sources to this RCA input. The input can accept both line and phono-level signals, depending on the switcher next to the Input and its Output Level is controlled from the top panel (AUX knob)
- MASTER OUTPUT (RCA): Use standard RCA cables to connect this output to a speaker or amplifier system. The level of this output is controlled by the Master knob on the top panel.
- MASTER OUTPUT (XLR): Connect this low-impedance XLR output to a PA system or powered monitors. The level of this output is controlled with the Master knob on the top panel.
- EQ-PRESET: Select the CLASSIC EQ (with High, Mid and Low operation for the Mixer knobs) or the FILTER EQ mode (with High, Low and Filter)
- LED DIMMER: Adjust the brightness of the Leds when those are at the OFF position (dimmed).
- USB. This USB connection sends and receives audio and control information from a connected computer.
- POWER: Use the included power cable to connect the Beatpad2 to a power outlet. While the power is switched off, plug the cable into the Beatpad2 first, and then plug the cable into a power outlet. Use the Power Switch to turn the unit on and off. Turn on the unit after all input devices have been connected and before you turn on amplifiers. Turn off amplifiers before you turn off Beatpad 2.
- POWER BUTTON. Use the Power Switch to turn the Beatpad2 on and off.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Quick Answer: Are Red Nose Pitbulls more aggressive than blue nose?
Red nose pit bulls may appear more intimidating than blue nose pit bulls, mostly because of their muscular build. … However, if trained and loved, red nose pit bulls can be extremely friendly, soft, and loyal companions. They possess a stocky frame, which is quite apparent in all pit bulls.
Are Red Nose Pitbulls more aggressive?
Red Nose Pitbull is More Aggressive Than Other Breeds
Though it has a small body compared to other breeds, people still find it intimidating because they did not find them friendly enough until recent times. The title of being aggressive comes from their ancestors, who were used in the blood-spattering fights.
What is the difference between red nose and Bluenose pitbulls?
Blue Noses have more of a grayish or charcoal color nose, and the coat is often a similar gray color. Red Noses have a reddish/pinkish nose, often with red or auburn fur. With both types, inbreeding is a concern with breeders whose focus is physical characteristics over the health of the dog.
IT IS INTERESTING: Is dads a good dog food?
Are blue nose pitbulls more aggressive?
Blue nose pit bulls are actually extremely loving, loyal, and even good with children. This particular breed of dog was NOT bred to be aggressive or to fight, which is a common misconception with many dog breeds, especially the blue nose pit-bull.
Why are Red Nose Pitbulls illegal?
A banned breed? Pitbull are now outlawed in the UK as part of the 1991 dangerous dogs act. This was done in part due to the dangerous reputation of these dogs, but also because of their use in dog fighting rings. 'Bully' breeds often stem back to the days of bear baiting and other similar 'sports'.
Why do pits turn on their owners?
Fear aggression is a major reason why dogs attack their owners. If your dog has a bad history or she has been beaten and mistreated before, then they feel threatened and become defensive.
Are Red Nose Pitbulls good family dogs?
A Red Nose Pitbull craves interaction and the companionship with their favorite humans. They're good pets for the family and are renowned for being superb with children! This breed is ideal for families that have experienced taking care of larger breeds.
What is the rarest pitbull color?
By far the rarest of Pit Bulls are those that are Merle. The Merle Pit Bull is distinct in its genetics and many times exhibit unique color schemes and a trademark blue eye. The blue eye or eyes are also referred to as crystal and glass eyes.
How can you tell if a pitbull is purebred?
How to Tell if It's a Pitbull Breed
 - Look at the size and ratios of the dog. Pitt bulls are two and one-half feet tall at the shoulder or shorter. …
 - Look at the dog's coat. The color is irrelevant. …
 - Examine the dog's head and neck. A pit bull's head is extremely wide from ear to ear, across the brow and from cheek to cheek.
IT IS INTERESTING: Why is my puppy restless at night all of a sudden?
Do blue nose pitbulls bark a lot?
These dogs naturally love people. Like, love-love people so much that you'll have to do training to keep them from jumping up on people. They rarely bark so they don't make great watch dogs either.
What are blue pits worth?
The Blue Pit is no different from other pit bulls, and it's becoming popular among breeders, but it's still rare to find. A Blue Nose Pitbull puppy can cost around $1,000 to $3,000.
Can blue nose pitbulls swim?
Pit bulls are capable of swimming and liking water, but their build and facial structure make it harder for them than other breeds. If you have a water-loving pitbull, you don't have to keep them dry, instead find them safer alternatives for aquatic play, such as a kiddie pool, shallow stream, or gently sloping beach.
How do I make my red nose pitbull muscular?
You can start with simple exercises such as walking, running, and making him run through poles. These exercises will surely make your Pitbull gain more muscles. Exercise alone, on the other hand, will not make your Pitbull gain more muscles. You also have to closely monitor his diet.
How do you tell if your pitbull is a red nose?
If it is red or reddish-brown in color, then you have a red-nose pit bull. If it is gray or light black, then you have a blue-nose pit bull. Other colors include black and pink. "Butterfly" noses are red with lighter pink patches.
Dog Blog


text:
by Staff Writers
Moscow (RIA Novosti) Aug 05, 2014
A manned mission to the Moon will cost Russia 100 billion rubles (about $2.8 billion), Igor Mitrofanov, laboratory director at the Russian Academy of Sciences' Space Research Institute said Sunday.
"An estimated cost of one project aimed at the development of an automatic lunar station is 10 billion rubles (about $280 million). The project is to be completed in five or six years. The manned lunar mission will cost ten times more," Mitrofanov told reporters during the COSPAR Scientific Assembly in Moscow.
He elaborated that prior to the manned flight it is necessary to "learn to conduct the Moon landing all over again," and automatic lunar stations are needed for this purpose.
According to Mitrofanov, one of the Space Research Institute's partners is currently developing three stations called Luna-25 (Luna-Glob project), Luna-26 and Luna-27 under the Luna-Resource project.
He elaborated that Luna-25 and Luna-27 are landers aimed to run for one year, whereas Luna-26 is an orbiter, which will monitor the Moon for two years.
Mitrofanov stressed that within the next ten years lunar bases will likely to be created.
A mission to the Moon has become one of Russia's top priorities in space. Russia plans to launch three lunar spacecraft - two to surface and one to the orbit - by the end of the decade.
The first mission, the long-delayed Luna-25, is slated for launch in 2016 and land at the Moon's South Pole. The next two missions will include an orbiter to monitor the Moon in 2018 and a lander with a drill to search for water ice in 2019.
Source: RIA Novosti
Russian Academy of Sciences' Space Research Institute
Mars News and Information at MarsDaily.com
Lunar Dreams and more
|The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright _PHONE_ - Space Media Network. All websites are published in Australia and are solely subject to Australian law and governed by Fair Use principals for news reporting and research purposes. AFP, UPI and IANS news wire stories are copyright Agence France-Presse, United Press International and Indo-Asia News Service. ESA news reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. Advertising does not imply endorsement, agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by Space Media Network on any Web page published or hosted by Space Media Network. Privacy Statement All images and articles appearing on Space Media Network have been edited or digitally altered in some way. Any requests to remove copyright material will be acted upon in a timely and appropriate manner. Any attempt to extort money from Space Media Network will be ignored and reported to Australian Law Enforcement Agencies as a potential case of financial fraud involving the use of a telephonic carriage device or postal service.|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Khochay Pathan/ Khochey Pathan Meaning
It's commonly known that Pathan is an Iranian ethnic group between Afghanistan and Pakistan. They also called Pashtuns, the ones who speak Pashto.
Khocha, too, is used for Pashtuns. This is not clear if it's a specific group among the Pashtuns but that seems like a possibility. However, khocha is a relatively less used term and is a little debated as well, as some people say it's not a Pashto word, but coined by Punjabi speaking people.
Overall, though, we can safely say that Khocha Pathan is an Afghan, basically a Pashto native, and hence, the term Khochey Pathan ki Zubaan would mean 'Word of a Pashto/ Pathan', which is considered something irrevocable, something which he'd not go against, whatever happens.
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 ข้อมูลการเผยแพร่ผลงาน
การเผยแพร่ในรูปของบทความวารสารทางวิชาการ
ชื่อบทความ Monitoring the biochemical alterations in hypertension affected salivary gland tissues using Fourier transform infrared hyperspectral imaging
วัน/เดือน/ปี ที่ได้ตอบรับ 25 มกราคม 2560
วารสาร
 ชื่อวารสาร Analyst
 มาตรฐานของวารสาร SCOPUS
 หน่วยงานเจ้าของวารสาร Royal Society of Chemistry
 ISBN/ISSN 10.1039/C6AN02074G
 ปีที่ 142
 ฉบับที่
 เดือน April
 ปี พ.ศ. ที่พิมพ์ 2560
 หน้า _PHONE_
 บทคัดย่อ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) imaging has been applied to investigate biochemical differences between salivary glands from control and hypertensive rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups including a control group and another hypertension group that were treated orally, with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) via drinking water for 3 weeks to develop hypertension. In the control group, rats were treated with only drinking water for 3 weeks. The formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens from submandibular and sublingual glands were analysed with a FTIR focal plane array imaging spectrometer and multi-composite images of all tissue sections were analysed simultaneously using Unsupervised Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (UHCA) and the extracted spectra were further analysed using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). In general, hypertension affected salivary gland tissues were characterised by higher concentrations of triglycerides as evidenced by an increase in the 1745 cm−1 band. Higher concentrations of carbohydrates and proteins were also observed in the hypertensive group along with a decrease in bands associated with nucleic acids. PLS-DA scores plots provided good differentiation in sublingual gland tissues between control (n = 3734 spectra) and hypertension (n = 4538) and also in submandibular gland tissues between control (n = 5051) and hypertension (n = 4408). We have shown that FTIR imaging can be used to differentiate the macromolecular information between physiological and pathological conditions in tissue biopsy specimens. In the next phase, we will investigate the infrared predictive markers of hypertension in biofluids including serum and saliva using attenuated total refection spectroscopy.
 คำสำคัญ FTIR, salivary gland, hypertension
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Expert Voices
Gallery: Oldest Living Things in the World
A new field of study
Cover for The Oldest Living Things in the World
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman. (One-Time use).)
Paulette Beete, NEA senior writer-editor, contributed this article as part of partnership between NEA and Live Science's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.
Rachel Sussman's work is equal parts art, science and philosophy, and with her images of 3,000-year-old lichen and 7,000-year-old trees, she draws poignant perspectives on the nature of time, life and humanity's place in it.
Sussman's work provides audiences with a way to understand ideas around deep time, and has served as a portal for connecting scientists from disparate disciplines, providing them with a platform to consider the intersections between their various specialties.
The artist has exhibited widely in solo and group shows at venues including the Berlin Botanical Museum, the Montalvo Arts Center, the Museum of Contemporary Photography, and the American Museum of Natural History. And this past April, University of Chicago Press published the monograph "The Oldest Living Things in the World" You can read more about Sussman's work in her interview, view her work live at Pioneer Works Center for Art and Innovation in Brooklyn on September 13th, 2014, and see several of her images from her Oldest Living Things project in this gallery.
Not really moss
2,000+ year old La Llareta
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman. (One-Time use).)
La Llareta #0308-2B31 (2,000+ years old; Atacama Desert, Chile)
What looks like moss covering rocks is actually a very dense, flowering shrub that happens to be a relative of parsley, living in the extremely high elevations of the Atacama Desert.
Effects of climate change
9,550 year old Spruce Gran Picea
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman. (One-Time use).)
Spruce Gran Picea #0909 – 11A07 (9,550 years old; Fulufjället, Sweden)
This 9,950-year-old tree is like a portrait of climate change. The mass of branches near the ground grew the same way for roughly 9,500 years, but the new, spindly trunk in the center is only 50 or so years old, caused by warming at the top of this mountain plateau in Western Sweden.
Here from the start
2,000-3,000 year old Stromatolites
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman. (One-Time use).)
Stromatolites #_PHONE_ (2,000 - 3,000 years old; Carbla Station, Western Australia)
Straddling the biologic and the geologic, stromatolites are organisms that are tied to the oxygenation of the planet 3.5 billion years ago, and the beginnings of all life on Earth.
Really old moss
5,500 year old Antarctic Moss
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman. (One-Time use).)
Antarctic Moss #0212-7B33 (5,500 years old; Elephant Island, Antarctica)
This 5,500-year-old moss bank lives right around the corner from where the Shackleton Expedition was marooned 100 years ago on Elephant Island, Antarctica. It was a victory simply being able to locate it. These days it's easier to get to Antarctica from space.
A tale of trees
10,500 year old Dead Huon Pine
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman)
Dead Huon Pine adjacent to living population segment #_PHONE_ (10,500 years old, Mount Read, Tasmania
Fire destroyed much of this clonal colony of Huon Pines (as seen in this photograph) on Mount Read, Tasmania, but a substantial portion of it survived. The age of the colony was discovered by carbon-dating ancient pollen found at the bottom of a nearby lake bed — the pollen was genetically matched to the living colony.
Simpler than it looks
2,000 year old Welwitschia Mirabilis
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman. (One-Time use).)
Welwitschia Mirabilis #0707-22411 (2,000 years old; Namib-Naukluft Desert, Namibia)
The Welwistchia is primitive conifer living only in parts of coastal Namibia and Angola where moisture from the sea meets the desert. Despite appearances, it only has two single leaves, which it never sheds. National plant of Namibia.
Interesting uses
2,000 year old Pafuri Baobab
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman. (One-Time use).)
Pafuri Baobab #0707-1335 (Up to 2,000 years old; Kruger National Park, South Africa)
This baobab lives in the Kruger Game Preserve in South Africa and requires an armed escort to visit. Baobabs get pulpy at their centers and tend to hollow out as they grow older. These hollows can serve as natural shelters for animals, but have also been appropriated for some less scrupulous human uses: for instance, as a toilet, a prison, and a bar.
Under the sea
One-time use only, not for re-publication - 100,000 year old Posidonia Oceania Sea Grass
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman. (One-Time use).)
Posidonia Oceania Sea Grass #0910-0753 (100,000 years old, Balearic Islands, Spain)
At 100,000 years old, the Posidonia sea grass meadow was first taking root at the same time some of our earliest ancestors were creating the first known "art studio" in South Africa. It lives in the UNESCO-protected waterway between the islands of Ibiza and Formentera.
The oldest organisms
Bristlecone Pine, oldest things on earth
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman. (One-Time use).)
Bristlecone Pine #0906-3030 (White Mountains, California)
Bristlecone pines are the oldest unitary organisms in the world, known to surpass 5,000 years in age. In the 1960s a then-grad student cut down what would have been the oldest known tree in the world while retrieving a lost coring bit. A cross section of that tree was placed in a Nevada casino.
An endangered plant
13,000 year old Rare Eucalyptus
(Image credit: ©Rachel Sussman, from "The Oldest Living Things in the World" by Rachel Sussman. (One-Time use).)
Rare Eucalyptus (species redacted for protection) #_PHONE_ (13,000 years old; New South Wales, Australia)
This critically endangered eucalyptus is around 13,000 years old, and one of fewer than five individuals of its kind left on the planet. The species name might hint heavily at its location, so it has been redacted.


CodeQL documentation
Arguments redefined
ID: js/arguments-redefinition
Kind: problem
Severity: recommendation
Precision: very-high
 - efficiency
 - maintainability
Query suites:
 - javascript-security-and-quality.qls
Click to see the query in the CodeQL repository
JavaScript functions can access their arguments by position (rather than by parameter name) through the special arguments object. However, if a function declares a parameter or local variable named arguments, or assigns a new value to arguments, then the arguments object is no longer available. This is confusing and makes code hard to understand, so it should be avoided.
Also note that many popular JavaScript engines (such as V8, which is used by Google Chrome and Node.js) do not support optimization of functions that assign to arguments, so such functions will run more slowly.
Rename the variable to something else.
In the following example, the arguments parameter of function f shadows the special arguments variable. As a result, the arguments object cannot be accessed inside f. To the casual reader, the test x === arguments[0] may look redundant, since normally arguments[0] refers to the first argument (x in this case), which would make the test trivially true. This is not the case here, however, since arguments[0] refers to the first element of the array passed in as the second argument.
function f(x, arguments) {
 if (x === arguments[0])
 return 23;
 return 42;


How Do You Spell 110 In Words Perfectly Without Mistakes
Spelling of 110 in words
How do you spell 110 in words :
One hundred ten
Convert 110 dollars in words (USD) :
One hundred ten dollars
110 spelling in British Pound amount (GBP) :
One hundred ten pounds
How to write 110 Canadian Dollar in letters (CAD) :
One hundred ten canadian dollars
How to write numbers in words similar to 110 :
Reminder of the spelling rules to write the number 110 in letters :
Here are basic rules for spelling out 110 and other cardinal numbers :
- To write the number 110 in dollar amount, the currency symbol is placed before the number, with no spaces : $110.
If spelled out in words, the currency symbol is removed : One hundred ten dollars dollars.
- Decimals should be separated by periods and thousands by commas.
- Numbers from 21 to 99 are written with a hyphen : Thirty, Thirty-one
More information about the number 110 :
110 is the number following 109 and preceding 111.
The number 110 is included in the list of spelling numbers 1 to 1000
110 is an Even number
The square root of 110 is : 10.488088481702
Its square is : 12100
It is not a prime number
The divisors of the number 110 are : 1, 2, 5, 10, 11, 22, 55, 110


text:
40 CFR 63.9916 - What test methods and other procedures must I use to establish and demonstrate initial compliance with the operating limits?
For a wet scrubber subject to operating limits for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in § 63.9890(b), you must establish site-specific operating limits according to the procedures in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.
(a) Using the continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) required in § 63.9920, measure and record the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate at least every 15 minutes during each run of the particulate matter performance test.
(b) Compute and record the average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate for each individual test run. Your operating limits are the lowest average individual pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate values in any of the three runs that meet the applicable emission limit.


text:
On 28 March 2018, MBIE published the Fire safety design guide for residential community housing. The document provides guidance for community housing providers, fire engineers and building consent authorities when an alternative solution is used to demonstrate Building Code compliance.
This guidance was developed following stakeholder feedback on the 2012 edition of revised Fire Safety Acceptable Solutions C/AS1-7. The 2012 amendments to the Building Code and supporting fire compliance documents resulted in changes to the performance settings for treatment of residential community housing. These types of homes were classified with the same fire safety provisions as a hospital or prison.
Stakeholders noted this provided a 'one size fits all' approach, without considering the differing levels of care and mobility of occupants in residential community housing and their ability to self-evacuate in the event of a fire.
The intention is for the design guide to be used as an alternative solution framework for fire safety design of new residential community housing. It will help building consent authorities to determine a baseline level of fire safety compliance, taking specific occupant characteristics and their vulnerabilities into account.
This guidance was jointly developed by MBIE, the Ministry of Health, New Zealand Fire Service, Housing New Zealand, Community Housing Aotearoa, New Zealand Disability Support Network, Disabled Person Assembly and a building control officer representative.
Public consultation on the proposed guidance document took place from 17 July to 11 September 2017.
Fire safety design guide for residential community housing has further information.


text:
Media & Technology > Gender Research > Projects
Youth, Gender and Pornography in the Nordic Countries
During recent years, pornography has become increasingly more visible in the media. The phenomenon is usually referred to as "pornophication of public space" and has created a fierce debate in the Nordic countries, as well as concern among parents and teachers on what effects the increasing - and not always voluntary - exposure to pornography might have on children and teenagers. The study's primary focus is the increased spread of pornography, and what effects this might produce on young girls' and boys' interpretations of gender. The study aims at revealing possible connections between teenagers' exposure to pornography and their attitudes towards gender and power.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Why turkey has the same name as Turkey
Olbers' paradox
[ohl-berz] /ˈoʊl bərz/
noun, Astronomy
the paradox that if the universe consisted of an infinite number of stars equally distributed through space, then every line of sight would come from a star and the night sky would glow uniformly, which is observationally not true.
1950-55; after H.W.M. Olbers Unabridged
Cite This Source
Word Origin and History for olbers-paradox
Olbers' paradox
"if stars are uniformly distributed through the sky, their number should counterbalance their faintness and the night sky should be as bright as the day;" named for German astronomer H.W.M. Olbers (_PHONE_), who propounded it in 1826.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
Word of the Day
Difficulty index for Olbers' paradox
Few English speakers likely know this word
Word Value for olbers
Scrabble Words With Friends
Quotes with olbers-paradox
Nearby words for olbers-paradox


text:
Camp Misty Mount:
A Place for Regrowth--
By looking at Camp Misty Mount: A Place for Regrowth, students can more easily appreciate a successful WPA project that continues to meet the recreational needs of individuals and organized groups and has helped the forest to regrow.
National Park Service
- Catoctin Mountain Park is a unit of the National Park System. The park's Web site details the history of the park and visitation information. Included on the site are features on the Works Progress Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps, such retreats as Camp David and Camp Misty Mount, and the role of the charcoal/iron industries in the Catoctin Mountain Park.
- The National Park Service's Park Geology Web site offers a brief history of the Catoctin Mountains including information on the different inhabitants who affected the land.
- The National Park Service's History Web page provides an on-line book titled, The Civilian Conservation Corps and the National Park Service, _PHONE_: An Administrative History. Included in the book is a history of the CCC and an examinination of the role of the National Park Service.
Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD)
For a better understanding of Maryland's preservation efforts visit the DHCD's Division of Historical and Cultural Programs. This division is charged with identifying, studying, evaluating, preserving, protecting, and interpreting Maryland's significant prehistoric and historic sites, districts, structures, cultural landscapes, heritage areas, and cultural objects and artifacts, as well as less tangible human and community traditions.
The New Deal:
Library of Congress
Search the American Memory Historical Collection of the Library of Congress for further documentation on the New Deal and the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Included on the site are photographs from the Great Depression, manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, numerous documents and photographs of WPA workers and their projects, and much more.
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
The New Deal Network
The New Deal Network is an educational Web site sponsored by the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the Institute for Learning Technologies. The New Deal Network offers over 4000 images and 500 articles, speeches, and letters relating to the New Deal. Also included on the site is a comprehensive on-line resource page on the Great Depression and New Deal that offers links specifically applicable to K-12.


What is a verb to describe fluid rushing out from an opening in small amount?
"Gush out" sounds like in huge amount. "Seeps through" on the other hand lacks the force that brought the fluid out, like with in "gush".
 - 1
 Can you name any real-world examples where such a thing might occur? It seems a very odd juxtaposition of things. Normally, if the fluid is coming out with a force large enough to warrant calling it 'rushing', the amount of fluid does not really matter that much—it is relative. For example, blood can be gushing out from a wound, even though the entire amount of blood gushed out is minimal compared to the amount of water, say, spewed from a broken water pipe. – Janus Bahs Jacquet Sep 13 '13 at 19:03
Consider the verbs jet, spray, and stream. For example, "A fine stream of water jetted from the pinhole" implies small amounts of liquid spraying out under high pressure.
Trickle - (of a liquid) flow in a small stream.
Usage: "A solitary tear trickled down her cheek."
Spurt - A sudden short burst, as of energy, activity, or growth.
Usage: "The pus spurted onto the mirror."
For "small amount" use drip:
To fall in drops: Water is dripping from that leaky faucet.
You're right that seep (not sip) implies a passive and slow movement, with no force suggested. If you want a word for "small amounts of water rushing out", I can only think of leak. A leak does not necessarily need high pressure but it can have it:
If you are referring to a pressurized container with a small hole, I would recommend escaping.
The problem is that if a liquid is rushing out, it is rarely doing so in small quantities.
Dribbling or dripping
Usage: "The water is barely dribbling out of the faucet."
Squirt or stream might work depending on exact context
I like jwpat7's suggestion of stream best.
Another apt alternative is to say course meaning to run or flow swiftly as in this dictionary example:
The blood of ancient emperors courses through his veins.
course verb [I usually + adv/prep] /kɔːs/ US /kɔːrs/ formal
Definition › to flow quickly or in large amounts: Tears were coursing down his cheeks.
Alternative verbs for slow movement of fluids are:
I'm surprised leak was not higher in the list. That is the word most obvious to me. I associate it with a relatively low rate of flow relative to the total volume of what is being leaked.
We paddled quickly to shore after our boat sprung a leak.
[lēk] verb (of a container or covering) accidentally lose or admit contents, especially liquid or gas, through a hole or crack
Oh. I see _USER_ did mention it.
 - Since, as you mention, leak has already been mentioned, was it really worth answering? – BladorthinTheGrey Nov 30 '16 at 22:46
 - Yes. _USER_ made drip his primary answer; leak was mine. I gave him credit for including what I considered the better answer. – Suncat2000 Feb 8 '17 at 15:05
Your Answer


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Choice of Law
Choice of law refers to issue of what jurisdiction's law is to be applied in a particular case. This situation often arises in contract disputes where the breach occurs in a state other than the state of contracting. As such, contracts often include a choice of law clause to indicate the law that will apply in the event of a dispute.
Courts faced with a choice of law issue generally choose between the laws of the state where the lawsuit was brought and laws of the state where the cause of action arose. Usually, the law of state where the lawsuit was brought is chosen for procedural matters. The law of the state where the cause of action arose is usually chosen to decide substantive matters.
The 14th amendment lays down constitutional limitations to choice of law. When a dispute has no connection to a given state, it is unconstitutional to apply the law of that state.
There are three basic types of approaches to choice of law:
 - The traditional "vested rights" doctrine: This doctrine is based on the notion that a state has the power to prescribe the rules of conduct for transactions or occurrences that take place in its own territory. Once the "last event" of the transaction or occurrence takes place on the territory of that state, the parties to it acquire "vested right" under the law of that jurisdiction.
 - The various "interest" and "policy" analysis approach: The interest of the forum state is the key factor to be considered under this approach. Thus, this theory seeks to increase the number of occasions when a forum court will apply its own law. This is done by applying the "comparative impairment" test, under which a court will compare the extent of damage that application of one or the other legal rule to the case would inflict on the competing states interest. The court should in such cases choose the rule that causes the lesser degree of impairment.
 - The "most significant relationship" theory of the Second Restatement: This theory attempts to determine which state has the "most significant relationship" to the case. To determine whether a more significant relationship exists, various factors are considered such as place of injury, place of the conduct causing injury, residence or place of business of the parties, and the place where any relationship between the parties is centered is taken into consideration.
Inside Choice of Law


Posts Tagged 'earth'
158. Your heart is green
The way the roots develop
The way the roots develop
The way the roots develop
Is by inclusion of the earth
That is around them
The earth drinks the thoughts of the sky
And if you look at
How the earth is speaking body language
You'll see
That the intensity of your pain
Is gone
Your fields are organized and loved
Your heart is green.
It is about my nerves growing, eating what the body has to offer them. The thoughts of the sky that feed the earth are my thoughts that create my body, and having changed my thoughts, the body, which is earth too, responds accordingly.
This is what my intuition says.
154. Parts play with parts
What is now
What is now
From here down it is earth
But earth does not exist
From here up it is heaven
But heaven does not exist
So what does?
The immediate experience here now
And what does it say?
The light has given birth
To the soft flesh
The soft flesh has separated
And parts play with parts
Imagining ins and outs
Firmnesses and softnesses
But look:
Up in the air
The angels caress us all
Breathing eternity.
So tell me: Who are you? Are you the parts? Are you the light? Are you the angels? Or are you eternity? What do you want to do now?
138. Just an innuendo passing through
Thinking in earth colors
Thinking in earth colors
The earth came
To take over
The delicate airiness.
Floating in layers
It is here
It is thinking in earth colors
A sand dune cloud
Is coming and
It will be as if nothing happened
Just an innuendo
Passing through.
113. Always all of it
Coming from the earth
Coming from the earth
Bend forward and blow a bubble in front of you
In it you'll see a faint image of a hero
That you were
From your thoughts
Create an evolution of suns
Which are what you will be
You are coming from the earth
It seems
Standing on it
You perform your magical deeds
But you are that energy
That comes from deeper than the earth
To make the earth
To make you
And your miracles
Do you like the taste of it?
You have never been a hero
You will never be an evolution of suns
Because you are always
All of it.
All of it.
107. Minnie Mouse
Fluffily flowing
Fluffily flowing
Climbing with ease
Changing colors
Pretending to be a woman
Or maybe a scarf
Maybe a flower after the party
And maybe it is Minnie Mouse
And she is just looking at you
Before she leaves the screen
With everything fluffily flowing
Behind her
And maybe when she leaves
The joy will stay
And then leave too
As everything does here
On earth
And can an even greater joy
Come after that?
103. Yesterday and today (Straight talk)
Three bodies in the sky
Three bodies in the sky
 Deep under the surface
Are talking rocks
Telling stories
And elbowing each other.
In the sky
Three main bodies float
One is the way some parts of the whole
Stick together
Awaiting resolution
Another is the collection of cans and can'ts
The third is an angel
Who promises that the legs are good.
In the vast landscape
The rocks, the fields
And the hazy horizon
Consider everything they see
As the higher sky above it all
Like teeth i an x-ray
Like teeth in an x-ray
Like teeth in an x-ray
With the roots that they send
Into the jaw
Like bubbles of air
Caught in pockets
Like doctors in white gowns
Or maybe angels
Arranging everything in the best way
With love and laughter
Like warmth
Like kindness
Like the way it has to be
And it is.
Like countries with wars and complications
And borders everywhere
Like lakes and yellow sands
And the big sea
But still blue
And deep.
Like maps
For the shapes of clothing
That will move in the air
While being held by our bodies
Walking on this earth
Talking with each other
Knowing that nothing has ever moved
But the mind.
95. The letter "g"
The letter "g"
The letter "g"
I see it is about the letter "g"
And it is me
Am I falling?
Am I struggling to survive?
Am I becoming a blur of nice colors?
Nice story, fellow
Was nice to meet with you here
On earth.
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Active Impostor Acceptance
What Does Active Impostor Acceptance Mean?
Active impostor acceptance is an event that occurs in the field of biometrics in which an impostor actively submits a forged biometric sample to a detector with the aim of passing as a legitimate enrollee of a biometric system. The impostor does this to fool the biometric security device into believing that he or she is the actual owner of the biometric data, thereby being authenticated and gaining access to a protected area or system.
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Techopedia Explains Active Impostor Acceptance
Biometric samples are always something very unique to an enrollee or individual, such as fingerprints, eye patterns and even voice patterns. Because only one individual can own a set of these metrics, an impostor has to forge or possibly take a metric from the real enrollee to gain access through the enrollee's identity.
When the system recognizes the metric as related to a legitimate enrollee, this is what is called the acceptance phase. This allows the impostor to gain access to the system.
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Related Terms


controller-runtime: sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client Index | Examples | Files | Directories
package client
import "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
Package client contains functionality for interacting with Kubernetes API servers.
Clients
Clients are split into two interfaces -- Readers and Writers. Readers get and list, while writers create, update, and delete.
The New function can be used to create a new client that talks directly to the API server.
A common pattern in Kubernetes to read from a cache and write to the API server. This pattern is covered by the DelegatingClient type, which can be used to have a client whose Reader is different from the Writer.
Options
Many client operations in Kubernetes support options. These options are represented as variadic arguments at the end of a given method call. For instance, to use a label selector on list, you can call
err := someReader.List(context.Background(), &podList, client.MatchingLabels{"somelabel": "someval"})
Indexing
Indexes may be added to caches using a FieldIndexer. This allows you to easily and efficiently look up objects with certain properties. You can then make use of the index by specifying a field selector on calls to List on the Reader corresponding to the given Cache.
For instance, a Secret controller might have an index on the '.spec.volumes.secret.secretName' field in Pod objects, so that it could easily look up all pods that reference a given secret.
Index
Examples
Package Files
client.go client_cache.go codec.go doc.go dryrun.go interfaces.go options.go patch.go split.go typed_client.go unstructured_client.go
Variables
var (
 // Apply uses server-side apply to patch the given object.
 Apply = applyPatch{}
 // Merge uses the raw object as a merge patch, without modifications.
 // Use MergeFrom if you wish to compute a diff instead.
 Merge = mergePatch{}
)
var CreateDryRunAll = DryRunAll
CreateDryRunAll sets the "dry run" option to "all".
Deprecated: Use DryRunAll
var DryRunAll = dryRunAll{}
DryRunAll sets the "dry run" option to "all", executing all validation, etc without persisting the change to storage.
var ForceOwnership = forceOwnership{}
ForceOwnership indicates that in case of conflicts with server-side apply, the client should acquire ownership of the conflicting field. Most controllers should use this.
var PatchDryRunAll = DryRunAll
PatchDryRunAll sets the "dry run" option to "all".
Deprecated: Use DryRunAll
var UpdateDryRunAll = DryRunAll
UpdateDryRunAll sets the "dry run" option to "all".
Deprecated: Use DryRunAll
func IgnoreNotFound Uses
func IgnoreNotFound(err error) error
IgnoreNotFound returns nil on NotFound errors. All other values that are not NotFound errors or nil are returned unmodified.
type Client Uses
type Client interface {
 Reader
 Writer
 StatusClient
}
Client knows how to perform CRUD operations on Kubernetes objects.
This example shows how to use the client with typed and unstructured objects to create objects.
Code:
// Using a typed object.
pod := &corev1.Pod{
 ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
 Namespace: "namespace",
 Name: "name",
 },
 Spec: corev1.PodSpec{
 Containers: []corev1.Container{
 corev1.Container{
 Image: "nginx",
 Name: "nginx",
 },
 },
 },
}
// c is a created client.
_ = c.Create(context.Background(), pod)
// Using a unstructured object.
u := &unstructured.Unstructured{}
u.Object = map[string]interface{}{
 "name": "name",
 "namespace": "namespace",
 "spec": map[string]interface{}{
 "replicas": 2,
 "selector": map[string]interface{}{
 "matchLabels": map[string]interface{}{
 "foo": "bar",
 },
 },
 "template": map[string]interface{}{
 "labels": map[string]interface{}{
 "foo": "bar",
 },
 "spec": map[string]interface{}{
 "containers": []map[string]interface{}{
 {
 "name": "nginx",
 "image": "nginx",
 },
 },
 },
 },
 },
}
u.SetGroupVersionKind(schema.GroupVersionKind{
 Group: "apps",
 Kind: "Deployment",
 Version: "v1",
})
_ = c.Create(context.Background(), u)
This example shows how to use the client with typed and unstructured objects to delete objects.
Code:
// Using a typed object.
pod := &corev1.Pod{
 ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
 Namespace: "namespace",
 Name: "name",
 },
}
// c is a created client.
_ = c.Delete(context.Background(), pod)
// Using a unstructured object.
u := &unstructured.Unstructured{}
u.SetName("name")
u.SetNamespace("namespace")
u.SetGroupVersionKind(schema.GroupVersionKind{
 Group: "apps",
 Kind: "Deployment",
 Version: "v1",
})
_ = c.Delete(context.Background(), u)
This example shows how to use the client with typed and unstrucurted objects to delete collections of objects.
Code:
// Using a typed object.
// c is a created client.
_ = c.DeleteAllOf(context.Background(), &corev1.Pod{}, client.InNamespace("foo"), client.MatchingLabels{"app": "foo"})
// Using an unstructured Object
u := &unstructured.UnstructuredList{}
u.SetGroupVersionKind(schema.GroupVersionKind{
 Group: "apps",
 Kind: "Deployment",
 Version: "v1",
})
_ = c.DeleteAllOf(context.Background(), u, client.InNamespace("foo"), client.MatchingLabels{"app": "foo"})
This example shows how to use the client with typed and unstructured objects to retrieve a objects.
Code:
// Using a typed object.
pod := &corev1.Pod{}
// c is a created client.
_ = c.Get(context.Background(), client.ObjectKey{
 Namespace: "namespace",
 Name: "name",
}, pod)
// Using a unstructured object.
u := &unstructured.Unstructured{}
u.SetGroupVersionKind(schema.GroupVersionKind{
 Group: "apps",
 Kind: "Deployment",
 Version: "v1",
})
_ = c.Get(context.Background(), client.ObjectKey{
 Namespace: "namespace",
 Name: "name",
}, u)
This example shows how to use the client with typed and unstructured objects to list objects.
Code:
// Using a typed object.
pod := &corev1.PodList{}
// c is a created client.
_ = c.List(context.Background(), pod)
// Using a unstructured object.
u := &unstructured.UnstructuredList{}
u.SetGroupVersionKind(schema.GroupVersionKind{
 Group: "apps",
 Kind: "DeploymentList",
 Version: "v1",
})
_ = c.List(context.Background(), u)
This example shows how to use the client with typed and unstructured objects to update objects.
Code:
// Using a typed object.
pod := &corev1.Pod{}
// c is a created client.
_ = c.Get(context.Background(), client.ObjectKey{
 Namespace: "namespace",
 Name: "name",
}, pod)
pod.SetFinalizers(append(pod.GetFinalizers(), "new-finalizer"))
_ = c.Update(context.Background(), pod)
// Using a unstructured object.
u := &unstructured.Unstructured{}
u.SetGroupVersionKind(schema.GroupVersionKind{
 Group: "apps",
 Kind: "Deployment",
 Version: "v1",
})
_ = c.Get(context.Background(), client.ObjectKey{
 Namespace: "namespace",
 Name: "name


text:
You'll need to put one picture on top of another at some point in your design career. You can do many different things, like adding effects, making composite photographs, using multiple exposures, and creating collages.
To do this, first, you must determine which picture you want to put on your base image. Then you can place the foreground picture by simply dragging it from another location onto your Photoshop work. You can also use the Copy and Paste functions to do this.
Keep reading below for more information.
How To Put One Picture On Top Of Another In Photoshop
You can put one picture on top of another in Photoshop by following the simple steps in this section.
For more information on this topic, watch the video below:
Step 1: Select Your Pictures
Depending on how precise you need to be with the fine-tuning, this can take a while. But the majority of the time, it goes quite quickly.
The hardest part, in my opinion, is choosing the ideal image for the overlay. It becomes more difficult as you try to visualize putting numerous photos on top of one another. However, this approach is innovative and enjoyable because of the almost limitless possibilities!
Step 2: Add the Top Image
- Open Photoshop and begin with your background image.
- You can accomplish this in a few different ways. Pick up the overlay picture and place it right on top of the underlying image (from a folder or another location). It'll appear as a fresh layer.
- The overlay picture may also be opened in Photoshop independently. To copy a picture, use Control + C (Command + C) after selecting the whole image with Control + A (Command + A). To paste it, return to the base picture and press Control + V (Command + V). It will once again appear as a new layer.
This technique proves to be quite useful when you simply want to use a portion of the overlay picture.
Step 3: Choose a Blending Mode
The current result obviously won't work, as the upper layer entirely obscures the image underneath. One of Photoshop's 27 blending modes may be used to combine the two images seamlessly.
- To set the blending mode, choose the top layer and select the box (which shows Normal by default).
Knowing how every one of the blending modes in the menu that will display works is a complicated subject that is outside the scope of this tutorial. Photoshop will provide a preview when you hover your cursor over each type to get an idea of how it operates.
- For this tutorial, we will choose Screen. With this blending setting, the image's brightest areas are preserved while its darkest areas are blurred.
Step 4: Resize and Position
If the actual picture is larger than the overlay, you need to enlarge it since you want it to fill the entire image. Occasionally, you might want it only partially to cover the original image. The procedure is the same, regardless of your requirements.
- Press Control + T (Command + T) to launch the Transform tool while the top layer is chosen. The layer will be surrounded by a box with squares in each corner. To alter the size of certain boxes, click and drag them.
- Additionally, you may flip a picture horizontally or vertically by right-clicking on it and choosing the relevant option.
Step 5: Edit the Picture
You can make a few modifications in case the top layer is a touch-distracting.
- Start by removing the overlay from some of the image's areas. This will serve to bring the viewer's attention to the subject rather than distract from it.
- To do this, you must make a mask and remove the top parts from the desired areas with a brush. Click the "mask" option at the end of the Layers panel while the top layer is chosen. The top layer will then show a white mask.
- You may choose a brush by pressing B on the keyboard or choosing the Brush tool from the toolbox on the left.
- You can now use black as the foreground color when painting over the regions where you wish to take the overlay off. Gently remove the most distracting portions of the top layer since you don't want to remove too much of it or it will appear out of place.
- The effect could, however, be a little too intense. In that case, reduce the layer's opacity by altering the percentage in the opacity box to correct it.
- For this tutorial, we recommend you set it to 65%.
- Add a final touch by slightly modifying the color to resemble the original image. Select the adjustment layer button at the end of the Layers panel. It looks like a circle that is just partially filled. Next, select Hue/Saturation.
- Clip the adjustment layer to the overlay layer in the window that appears. This will instruct Photoshop only to make the alterations to the picture that is on top. Then tweak the hue, saturation, and lightness sliders until you arrive at a design you prefer.
And there we go. This tutorial showed how you can put one picture on top of another in Photoshop and even blend them. It's a simple skill that you must learn if you want to create amazing designs. Happy editing!


Finishing well in life and leadership involves more than wishful thinking. It involves personal transformation and intentional focus throughout life.
Those that finish well in life and leadership tend to demonstrate many of the following characteristics and qualities:
 1. They maintain a vibrant relationship with God throughout their lives;
 2. They maintain a learning posture throughout life;
 3. They model Christlike character through the fruit of the Spirit throughout their lives;
 4. They lived their lives in such a way that their convictions and the promises of God were seen to be real in their lives and leadership;
 5. They left behind one or more ultimate contributions or a lasting legacy; and
 6. They lived their lives with a growing sense of destiny and made the necessary sacrifices to realize this to a significant degree. (J. Robert Clinton, The Making of a Leader, 2012, NavPress, p. 204-207)
the Convergence group assists high capacity, highly motivated leaders to integrate these qualities into their lives and leadership through:
 - Communication Resources - free articles, discipleship and leadership workbooks, The Well Trilogy, training DVDs, the Christian Leadership Course (CLC), seminars and workshops.
 - Consulting - curriculum development, self-publishing, strategic planning, team building, organizational change and leadership development.
 - Coaching - individual and group mentor coaching for personal and corporate transformation, focused living and finishing well.
For more information about the Convergence group see "About" or any of the other menu options.


text:
Over deze norm
1.1 This guide covers sampling for prebaked carbon anodes used in the production of aluminum, and details procedures for taking test samples from anode blocks. It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from anode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the block or prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled anode blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units of anodes are covered in this guide.
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory products, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot. Anodes used in the production of aluminum have specific requirements for sampling and while the statistical basis for sampling given in ISO 5022 applies, further or modified requirements may also apply.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods,,,,,, and.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling for Prebaked Anodes Used in Aluminum Production|
|Engelse titel||Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling for Prebaked Anodes Used in Aluminum Production|


Industry News
Biffa says "Recycle Right" on Earth Day 2021
Nappies, ready for recycling
To support Earth Day's 2021 campaign, Restore our Earth, Biffa wants to help people to 'recycle right' and make sure the right items go in the right bin.
The UK leader in sustainable waste management is urging people to get their recycling right to protect the environment and has released a list of the 10 most common items preventing bags of recycling from being processed.
Most Common Items Which Contaminate Your Recycling
 1. Key FactsNappies
 2. Feminine Hygiene Products
 3. Food Waste
 4. Black Sacks Containing Household Waste
 5. Blister Packets
 6. Textiles
 7. Electrical Equipment
 8. Wood
 9. Kids Toys
 10. Garden Furniture
#1 7.7 million nappies come through Biffa's material recycling facilities annually – one nappy every four seconds.
#2 Up to 30 nappies are found in each tonne of recycling received.
#3 Electrical wires can cause serious issues when they end up in recycling plants, forcing it to shut for cleaning or breaking machinery.
Jeff Rhodes, Head of Environment and External Affairs from Biffa said: "To protect our environment, we need to 'recycle right' so that as much of our waste as possible is recycled. By educating people on what can and can't be recycled we hope to continue improving the UK's recycling rates. In turn this will create a more sustainable environment and help take care of our planet."
He added: "The past year has given people the chance to appreciate the environment around them and it's vital do all we can to protect it. Biffa has invested more than £54 million in its recycling facilities over the past 5 years to enable more materials to be recycled in the UK."
Why is it Important to Avoid Contamination?
When non-recyclable items end up in the recycling bin, they cause issues such as contamination, risks to hygiene and create additional costs to identify, extract and dispose of items.
As part of its Resources and Waste Strategy for England, the government is targeting a recycling rate of 65% by 2035. To achieve this, as well as helping to protect our planet we all need to do our bit and recycle right.
Top tips for recycling
 - Check items labels for guidance
 - Separate out materials into correct bins
 - Keep items clean, empty and dry
 - If you are unsure, ask your local council or check out the recycle now website.
Biffa is a pioneer of plastic recycling, having built the UK's first food-grade closed-loop plastic recycling in Seaham, County Durham last year.
The plant enables Biffa to recycle 57,000 tonnes of plastic annually, or 1.3bn plastic bottles per year and is part of the Group's ongoing drive to invest in the UK's recycling infrastructure to allow more waste to be recycled at home.
What is Earth Day?
Earth Day began in 1970, calling for greater protections for the planet. Its mission is to diversify, educate and activate the environmental movement worldwide.
Since starting in 1970, it has become the world's largest recruiter to the environmental movement, working with more than 75,000 partners in over 190 countries to drive positive action for our planet. More information can be found at .
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text:
Three decades from now, Indiana is forecast to see between 6 and 8 percent more rainfall than it averaged in the past, depending on the amount of greenhouse gas emissions during the lead-up to mid-century.
That's according to a 2018 report from the Purdue Climate Change Research Center.
According to the report, in southern Indiana, the increased precipitation is predicted to come more in the winter and spring months.
But based on records of precipitation and the water levels at Lake Monroe in the past two and a half decades, southern Indiana looks like it could be seeing more rain in the first half of summer.
Earlier this week, the Indianapolis office of the National Weather Service tweeted out a link to a report on the anomaly of this summer's first half: It has been way wetter than normal.
The abnormal amount of region-wide rainfall has caused high water on Lake Monroe. Last week Indiana's Department of Natural Resources closed the swim beaches at the lake's Fairfax SRA and Paynetown SRA and they've stayed closed.
Rainfall and lake levels are related, of course. And over the last quarter century, both seem to be showing an upward trend for this time of year. Continue reading "Bloomington climate trends could mean wetter summers, higher lake levels"


1805 Sydney's first commercial dairy
Dr John Harris
Sydney's first commercial dairy was built by Dr John Harris on his Ultimo estate, now an inner suburb. Harris was a naval surgeon and magistrate who became one of the colony's largest landowners. Ultimo's Harris Street is named after him.
In 1793, Harris bought the estate of James Ruse, Australia's first ex-convict farmer, at Parramatta. Over following years he acquired more land, including estates at Ultimo, Drummoyne and Bathurst. By 1800 he owned 315 acres (127 ha) of land and had acquired 431 head of stock.
The Ultimo estate was subdivided in 1859. Until then it remained as farmland, in possession of the Harris family.
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text:
ABSTRACT: Throughout Amazonia, overfishing has decimated populations of fruit-eating fishes, especially the large-bodied characid, Colossoma macropomum. During lengthy annual floods, frugivorous fishes enter vast Amazonian floodplains, consume massive quantities of fallen fruits and egest viable seeds. Many tree and liana species are clearly specialized for icthyochory, and seed dispersal by fish may be crucial for the maintenance of Amazonian wetland forests. Unlike frugivorous mammals and birds, little is known about seed dispersal effectiveness of fishes. Extensive mobility of frugivorous fish could result in extremely effective, multi-directional, long-distance seed dispersal. Over three annual flood seasons, we tracked fine-scale movement patterns and habitat use of wild Colossoma, and seed retention in the digestive tracts of captive individuals. Our mechanistic model predicts that Colossoma disperses seeds extremely long distances to favourable habitats. Modelled mean dispersal distances of 337-552 m and maximum of 5495 m are among the longest ever reported. At least 5 per cent of seeds are predicted to disperse _PHONE_ m, farther than dispersal by almost all other frugivores reported in the literature. Additionally, seed dispersal distances increased with fish size, but overfishing has biased Colossoma populations to smaller individuals. Thus, overexploitation probably disrupts an ancient coevolutionary relationship between Colossoma and Amazonian plants.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 03/2011; 278(1723):3329-35. · 5.41 Impact Factor


text:
24 Family Date Ideas for Valentine's Day
With Valentine's Day just around the corner, the importance of setting aside time for your husband or significant other is frequently talked about. When you become a family of two it's easy to see how important it is to build your relationship as a couple. One of the best ways to do this is to keep dating and going on regularly planned dates together. These happy moments carry so many couples through harder times and they create an environment where love is fostered and pleasant memories are made. Most people make date night a priority and try to have it happen regularly even after kids to continue to strengthen relationships and craft structured fun time to bond as a couple, but have you ever stopped to consider that memory making and dating should also take place as a family?
Think back to your fondest family memories from your childhood. Chances are it is surrounded by a family trip, a special occasion, or a special day that was filled with a fun activity. Most childhood memories are attached to strong emotions (both good and bad), and helping children cultivate strong feelings of love and happiness are an important part of their emotional development. When your children are adults, don't you hope that most of their childhood memories are of the special days they spent with their family instead of the time they were grounded? I think most parents absolutely want to be remembered in a positive way, and give their children positive experiences to look forward to.
So how does one go about cultivating these experiences? Family vacations are definitely one idea, but it's much easier and often just as effective to do small staycation style activities in the form of family dates. All it takes is planning fun intentional time together with the entire family to count as a family date! It can be something free, it can be something short, it can be a favorite activity, or bonus points come if it's a new experience for your child. This helps stimulate new feelings and excitement, and creates stronger memories.
If your kids are old enough I'd start by sitting down as a family and making a list of fun things you'd all like to do. Think of this as a family bucket list, one you can create each year, each season, or each month. You can take turns picking the activity so everyone feels more invested and ensures that each family member gets at least one activity they are excited about and that fits their interests. If your kids are a bit young, I'd sit down and make a list of activities as a couple that you think are age appropriate. You can also decide how much you want to spend on these activities, and make sure that your plan fits within the monthly budget. Even if the budget is modest, there are plenty of fun, inexpensive or even free experiences any family can have. No matter how much you plan to spend, just make sure the planning stage happens, it's the key to finding that special time to build love and relationships in your family.
You may also want to set a few family rules early in the game. Make this a time to unplug, even parents should commit to putting their phones down and being fully present for the activity. Make sure everyone knows we take turns doing different things and we all agree to go and enjoy new activities, even those we may not have chosen ourselves. If you have more than one child it's particularly important to help them understand that they may not always get to pick the activity, but it will still be fun with a good attitude and that taking turns is important. You will also want to set distinct times. Saying "We'll go to the park this week" often yields to busy schedules taking over and activities getting pushed back. Just as an adult understands what it may feel like to be stood up for a blind date in their single years, kids will feel similar feelings of disappointment. Value their little feelings and make sure it's a set time and all family members are committed. Put it on the calendar, put it on all calendars. This is one time parents should take out their phones with their children and make sure it's officially booked as a sacred family time that won't be interrupted.
So what does a family date look like? I'd say much like an adult date, with age-appropriate activities. It will vary depending on the ages of your child or children, your budget, the city you live in, and the time of year but as long as everyone can be together, that is all that matters.
Here are a few ideas to get you started if you're looking to make your next family bucket-list:
- Go out for ice cream
- Visit a new park you've never been to
- Find a free museum day and go as a family
- Visit the zoo
- Attend a children's play
- Find a new restaurant as a family
- Look for a local train in your area and take a ride
- Attend a library activity
- Go to a bookstore and choose new books for your family library
- Go for a hike
- Ride bikes together around your neighborhood
- Go to the movies, and make it extra fun by letting them pick out the popcorn or candy
- Volunteer at a local food bank. Many will allow children to help sort cans
- Build a snowman
- Go sledding
- Fly a kite
- Go to community swimming pool
- Build a model rocket for one, launch it on your next family date
- Visit a pet store
- Build something together as a family for your home
- Have a craft day and have everyone make a specific craft
- Visit elderly neighbors
- Have a family movie night at home, complete with popcorn and blankets and pillows on the floor
- Bake cookies together
These are just a few to get you started making your list. Just remember that what you do is actually far less important than who you do them with, and that a few fun family dates can make all the difference in building love and stronger relationships as a family unit.


Peter Grimes
opera by Benjamin Britten
Peter Grimes is an opera by Benjamin Britten. It was first performed in 1945. It is generally thought to be the most important British opera of the 20th century. It is about a community in a small fishing village in the east of England in the 1820s. Peter Grimes is a fisherman who feels that the people do not want to have anything to do with him. He wants to make lots of money so that he can marry and get people's respect. In his obsession with catching as much fish as possible he is cruel to the boys who help him (his apprentices), and they die. At the end of the opera Grimes drowns himself.
Britten wrote the main part (Peter Grimes) for his life partner Peter Pears to sing.
There are three acts, and the opera starts with a prologue and ends with an epilogue. Some of the scenes are joined by continuous music, and some of this is often played separately in concerts. This music is known as the Four Sea Interludes.
History of its compositionEdit
When World War II started Britten and Pears went to America to avoid the war. In 1941 Britten started to feel homesick because he read an article by E.M.Forster about George Crabbe, a poet who had lived in the same part of England that Britten came from. Britten started to realize that, in order to compose well, he had to go back to his own country. Britten and Pears returned to England in 1942.
The conductor Sergei Koussevitzky asked Britten to write an opera based on a poem by George Crabbe. The poem, called "The Borough", was about the story of Peter Grimes. The village in the poem was fictitious, but it was very much like Aldeburgh where Britten later made his home. Britten asked Montagu Slater to write the libretto based on the story of Crabbe's poem.
The opera was first performed at Sadler's Wells Theatre in London on 7 June 1945 by the company which later became English National Opera. The conductor was Reginald Goodall. Pears sang the title role.
The first American performance was in 1946 at Tanglewood conducted by Koussevitzky's pupil, Leonard Bernstein. Britten dedicated it to Koussevitsky's wife.
Role Voice type Premiere Cast, June 7, 1945
(Conductor: Reginald Goodall)
Peter Grimes, a fisherman tenor Peter Pears
Ellen Orford, a widow, Borough schoolmistress soprano Joan Cross
Auntie, landlady of The Boar contralto Edith Coates
Niece 1 soprano Blanche Turner
Niece 2 soprano Minnia Bower
Balstrode, retired merchant skipper baritone Roderick Jones
Mrs. (Nabob) Sedley, a rentier widow mezzo-soprano Valetta Iacopi
Swallow, a lawyer bass Owen Brannigan
Ned Keene, apothecary and quack baritone Edmund Donlevy
Bob Boles, fisherman and Methodist tenor Morgan Jones
Rev. Horace Adams, the rector tenor Tom Culbert
Hobson, the carrier bass Frank Vaughan
John, Grimes' apprentice silent role Leonard Thompson
The first young boy who was an apprentice to Peter Grimes has already been killed. He was at sea for three days without water to drink. An inquest is being held to decide whether Grimes is guilty of the boy's death. The people all seem to think he is guilty. The judge decides that the boy's death was an accident. However, he says to Grimes that he should not get another apprentice. Grimes is very angry at being told this. Ellen Orford, a school teacher, comforts him. In their beautiful duet Ellen and Peter sing at first in different keys, but finally sing together in the same key.
Act 1Edit
The scenery shows the Moot Hall, the Boar Inn (the village pub) and the church. People are saying "Good morning" to one another, especially the Slave Master who says it many times. The fishermen start work mending their nets. Keene tells Grimes that he has found another apprentice for him. He is a poor boy who lives in the workhouse. Nobody wants Grimes to have another apprentice. Hobson, the cart man, refuses to fetch him. But Ellen supports Peter. She sings to the crowd: "Let her among you without fault cast the first stone" (meaning: "You all have faults so do not criticize"). Hobson goes off to get the boy. A terrible storm is coming.
The scene now changes to The Boar Inn. It is very noisy inside. Bob Boles gets drunk and wants to make love to the landlady's nieces. The storm is still raging outside. Grimes comes in. People are shocked, but Grimes does not notice. He sings and song about human fate: "Now the Great Bear and Pleiades". The tune is in the orchestra in canon while Grimes sings very simple lines of music. People are embarrassed, so they start to sing a round: "Old Joe has gone fishing". It has three tunes and has seven counts in a bar. The boy is brought in and Grimes takes him off in spite of the storm.
Act 2Edit
The opening of the next act is peaceful. It is Sunday morning. People are in church, and now again we hear the singing coming from the church. Ellen talks to the boy. She is horrified to see he has a bruise on his neck. Grimes says it was an accident. He gets annoyed that Ellen is worried about the boy and runs off with him. The people of the village have noticed and march up to Grimes's hut. The scene ends with a peaceful contrast: a duet sung by the two nieces.
The orchestra play a beautiful passacaglia which links to the next scene. Grimes is accusing the boy of "telling stories". Then he starts to feels guilty about the first boy's death. He hears the villagers coming and tells the boy they have to go fishing. He pushes him out onto the rocks and the boy falls to his death. When the villagers arrive at the hut they find it empty.
Act 3Edit
Act 3 opens with music describing moonlight at night. People are dancing in the Moot Hall. People are very merry. Mrs. Sedley tries to tell people that Grimes is a murderer, but they do not listen. People then start to leave, saying "Goodnight" to one another (especially the Rector). Balstrode is walking with Ellen. He tells her that Grimes's boat is in, but Grimes cannot be found. A boy's jersey has been washed up on the shore. Ellen sings an aria "Embroidery in childhood was a luxury of idleness". It is a moment of stillness in the drama.
A short interlude based on one chord leads to the next scene in which people are looking for Grimes. Grimes drags himself onto the shore. He seems to have gone mad. We hear a foghorn (played by an off-stage tuba) as he sings. Balstrode tells Grimes that he should go out to sea in his boat and sink it.
The opera ends with an epilogue in which the scene is the same as the beginning of the opera. Someone says that a boat has been seen sinking out to sea, but no one is interested. The people have forgotten Grimes, and continue their lives without him.
 - 1958: Peter Pears (Peter Grimes), Claire Watson (Ellen Orford), James Pease (Balstrode), Jean Watson (Auntie); Chorus and Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, Benjamin Britten - (Decca)
 - 1978: Jon Vickers (Peter Grimes), Heather Harper (Ellen Orford), Jonathan Summers (Balstrode), Elizabeth Bainbridge (Auntie); Chorus and Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, Colin Davis - (Philips)
 - 1992: Anthony Rolfe Johnson (Peter Grimes), Felicity Lott (Ellen Orford), Thomas Allen (Balstrode), Patricia Payne (Auntie); Chorus and Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, Bernard Haitink - (EMI Classics)
 - The New Kobbe's Opera Book, ed. Earl of Harewood and Antony Peattie; London 2000; ISBN 0 09 _PHONE_


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Sydney Water is the largest water and wastewater service provider supplying water, wastewater, recycled water and some stormwater services to more than five million people in Sydney and other regions in Australia. To improves billing equity for water use in multi-level buildings, Sydney Water introduced the new rules for the individual metering of units for new multi-level buildings and started the Multi-Level Individual Metering (MLIM) project to install individual unit meters.
In the project, InHand Networks partnered with Itron Australia, an Accredited Metering Supplier approved by Sydney Water, to provide a turn-key solution for the MLIM system. Major system requirements are:
- Supply Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) metering system which transmits individual meter reading data directly to Sydney Water via wireless networks
- Reliable wireless data communication between water meters and Sydney Water for accurate billing
- Rugged design and flexible installation
Cellular Communication for Sydney Water's Metering System
Itron/Sydney Water Cooperation utilizes EverBlu Data collectors to collect readings directly from individual unit water meters installed in multi-level buildings in Sydney. Such data was then transmitted to an EverBlu Access Point which is installed in a central location of each district.
To ensure that the meter readings in the EverBlu AP are sent to Sydney Water wirelessly, Itron's Advanced Meter Infrastructure (AMI) system uses InHand InRouter600 industrial wireless router to transmit the data from up to 1,200 meters to the data center securely.
The complete wireless metering system allows Sydney Water to receive all individually read meter data form different building and then bill each customer for their water usage, which greatly increases efficiency and billing accuracy.
InRouter611 Industrial Wireless Router
- Small-form factor
- Low power consumption
- Secure VPN connection over cellular networks
- Wide temperature 20°C~+70°C for harsh environments
- Metal enclosure, IP30 protection, EMC level 2
- Proven by Sydney Water and Itron Australia


Alternative_rock : definition of Alternative_rock and synonyms of Alternative_rock (English)
definition - Alternative_rock
definition of Wikipedia
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Alternative rock
Alternative rock
Stylistic origins Punk rock – post-punk – hardcore punk – New Wave
Cultural origins Late 1970s–early 1980s, United Kingdom and United States
Typical instruments Vocals – electric guitar – bass – drums – keyboards
Britpop – College rock – Dream pop – Grunge – Indie rock – Indie pop – Jangle pop – Math rock – Noise pop – Noise rock – Post-Britpop – Post-grunge – Post-rock – Paisley Underground – Shoegazing
Fusion genres
Alternative dance – Alternative metal – Industrial rock – Madchester – Post-punk revival – Psychobilly – Riot Grrrl
Regional scenes
Other topics
Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt rock or simply alternative) is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular by the 1990s and 2000s. Although the term was most commonly associated in its commercial heyday with a loud, distorted guitar sound, its original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style, or simply the independent, D.I.Y. ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music.[1] At times, "alternative" has been used as a catch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, that is seen to be descended from punk rock (including some examples of punk itself, as well as New Wave, and post-punk).
Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. By the end of the 1980s magazines and zines, college radio airplay and word of mouth had increased the prominence and highlighted the diversity of alternative rock, helping to define a number of distinct scenes such as gothic rock, jangle pop, noise pop, C86, Madchester, industrial music, and shoegazing. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü and R.E.M., had even signed to major labels. But most alternative bands' commercial success was limited in comparison to other genres of rock and pop music at the time, and most acts remained signed to independent labels and received relatively little attention from mainstream radio, television or newspapers. With the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became commercially successful.
 The term alternative rock
Before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms.[2] In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about.[3] College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the college radio circuit and the tastes of college students. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture. According to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called "Alternative Charts". The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980; it immediately succeeded in its aim to help these labels. At the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records.[4] By 1985, it had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, rather than simply distribution status.[5]. The use of the term alternative to describe rock music originated around the mid-1980s;[6] at the time, the common music industry terms for cutting-edge music were new music and post modern, respectively indicating freshness and a tendency to recontextualize sounds of the past.[1][7] Individuals who worked as DJs and promoters during the 1980s claim the term originates from American FM radio of the 1970s, which served as a progressive alternative to top 40 radio formats by featuring longer songs and giving DJs more freedom in song selection. According to one former DJ and promoter, "Somehow this term 'alternative' got rediscovered and heisted by college radio people during the 80s who applied it to new post-punk, indie, or underground-whatever music".[8] At first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by "heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave" and "high-energy dance anthems".[9] Usage of the term would broaden to include New Wave, pop, punk rock, post-punk, and occasionally "college"/"indie" rock, all found on the American "commercial alternative" radio stations of the time such as Los Angeles' KROQ-FM. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder and Jane's Addiction frontman Perry Farrell coined the term Alternative Nation. In the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific.[1] In 1997, Neil Strauss of The New York Times defined alternative rock as "hard-edged rock distinguished by brittle, '70s-inspired guitar riffing and singers agonizing over their problems until they take on epic proportions".[9]
Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word. Alternative can describe music that challenges the status quo and that is "fiercely iconoclastic, anticommercial, and antimainstream", but the term is also used in the music industry to denote "the choices available to consumers via record stores, radio, cable television, and the Internet."[10] Using a broad definition of the genre, Dave Thompson in his book Alternative Rock cites the formation of the Sex Pistols as well as the release of the albums Horses by Patti Smith and Metal Machine Music by Lou Reed as three key events that gave birth to alternative rock.[11] Until recent years when Indie Rock became the most common term in the US to describe modern pop and rock,[12] the terms "indie rock" and "alternative rock" were often used interchangeably; whilst there are aspects which both genres have in common, indie rock was regarded as a British-based term, unlike the more American alternative rock.[13]
 Alternative rock in the 1980s
—Mark Josephson, Executive Director of the New Music Seminar speaking in 1988 [19]
 The American underground in the 1980s
By the late 1980s, the American alternative scene was dominated by styles ranging from quirky alternative pop (They Might Be Giants and Camper Van Beethoven), to noise rock (Sonic Youth, Big Black, The Jesus Lizard[27]) and industrial rock (Ministry, Nine Inch Nails). These sounds were in turn followed by the advent of Boston's the Pixies and Los Angeles' Jane's Addiction.[14] Around the same time, the grunge subgenre emerged in Seattle, Washington. Grunge was based around a sludgy, murky guitar sound that synthesized heavy metal and punk rock.[28] Largely based around the Seattle indie label Sub Pop, grunge bands were noted for their thrift store fashion which favored flannel shirts and combat boots suited to the local weather.[29] Early grunge bands Soundgarden and Mudhoney found critical acclaim in the U.S. and UK, respectively.[14]
By the end of the decade, a number of alternative bands began to sign to major labels. While early major label signings Hüsker Dü and The Replacements had little success, acts who signed with majors in their wake such as R.E.M. and Jane's Addiction achieved gold and platinum records, setting the stage for alternative's later breakthrough.[30][31] Some bands such as the Pixies had massive success overseas while they were ignored domestically.[14]
 British genres and trends of the 1980s
Gothic rock developed out of late-1970s British post-punk. With a reputation as the "darkest and gloomiest form of underground rock", gothic rock utilizes a synthesizer-and-guitar based sound drawn from post-punk to construct "foreboding, sorrowful, often epic soundscapes", and the genre's lyrics often address literary romanticism, morbidity, religious symbolism, and supernatural mysticism.[33] This genre among bands that took inspiration from late-1970s British post-punk groups, Joy Division and Siouxsie and the Banshees.[34] Bauhaus' debut single "Bela Lugosi's Dead", released in 1979, is considered to be the proper beginning of the gothic rock genre.[35] The Cure's "oppressively dispirited" albums Seventeen Seconds (1980), Faith (1981), and Pornography (1982) cemented that group's stature in that style and laid the foundation its large cult following.[36]
Other forms of alternative rock developed in the UK during the 1980s. The Jesus and Mary Chain's sound combined the Velvet Underground's "melancholy noise" with Beach Boys pop


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Food industry's green efforts may hit price wall
The European food and drinks industry is finalising plans to measure its environmental performance but increasingly price-aware consumers might derail their efforts, the European Commission cautioned.
A European round table bringing together the food industry, farmers and consumer groups has drawn up a series of 10 guiding principles to assess the environmental impact of food and drink products during their entire life cycle.
The principles, agreed on Tuesday (13 July), will guide the round table's future work on developing a uniform and scientifically reliable methodology for assessing the environmental impact of food and drink products.
It is also meant to serve as a communication tool for companies wanting to boast their green credentials.
The methodology, which is expected to be finalised by 2011, will address key sustainability challenges facing the food value chain, including climate change, resource efficiency, water use and waste reduction.
Mike Faupel from the Sustainability Consortium, an organisation of global companies seeking to improve consumer product sustainability, noted that the proliferation of eco-labels and other green claims led to confusion among consumers.
There is a need for more holistic approach and more transparency in how products are evaluated, he said.
EU principles underline that the environmental information should be provided in an easily understandable way that supports informed choice and allows consumers to compare products.


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From SMS to STD–is there anything smart phones won't be able to do?
Doctors and researchers in the UK are working on a chip that will detect whether or not you have a sexually transmitted disease. Much like a home pregnancy kit, users will need to urinate on a chip which detects disease. They then will plug it into their cell phone or computer and within a matter of minutes be able to read if they have any STDs (as well as what kind).
The Guardian reports that the project was inspired as a way to halt the increasing number of young people in the UK who are contracting STDs–the most common age of those contracting STDs is between 19 and 23. And because young often equates with tech-savvy, researchers believe that this technology will lead to more (and earlier!) detection for people who may be too nervous to head to the doctor.
So if you have a fear of the doctor (or, more likely, a fear of the doctor giving you bad news) you might soon have a quick and private way of finding out if you're healthy.
Though, you might want to sanitize your phone afterwards. (via the Guardian)


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Washington OSHA Issues Draft PSM Rule for Refineries
The Washington Department of Labor and Industries' Division of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) recently released a new draft safety rule that would increase existing Process Safety Management (PSM) requirements for petrochemical refining facilities in the state of Washington. The draft rule, which was released on January 16, 2018, arrives on the heels of California's "PSM for Refineries" standard issued last fall and several years after an explosion with multiple fatalities at a refinery in Anacortes, Washington. If finalized, Washington's draft PSM rule would affect at least five large refineries owned by major energy companies.
An Executive Summary issued by DOSH states that the discussion draft "mirrors the rule revisions recently adopted in California," and that it is "the most significant update to our PSM requirements since 1992 when the rule was first adopted." The draft rule would establish significant new requirements, such as:
- Damage Mechanism Reviews (DMR): Employers would be required to perform an assessment of potential damage mechanisms that can affect process equipment, including corrosion, stress cracking, and other material degradation. Specifically, a team of engineers, operators, inspectors and persons familiar with damage mechanisms would be required to perform the review and include an assessment of potential damage mechanisms and inspection history. Hazards identified in the DMR that could cause death or serious physical harm would need to be immediately corrected. "Microbiologically-induced corrosion" would be added as a type of damage mechanism.
- Safeguard Protection Analysis (SPA): To document the likelihood of all potential initiating events within 6 months after the completion of the PHA a safeguard protection analysis (SPA) would be required. The employer would also be required to conduct a hierarchy of controls analysis (HCA) for each recommendation resulting from the PHA.
- Hierarchy of Hazard Controls Analysis (HCA): In certain situations, the employer would need to perform a hierarchy of hazard controls analysis (HCA). Such situations would include the implementation of recommendations that result from PHAs, following a major change as a part of an MOC, when an incident occurs, and when ensuring the quality of new equipment. The HCA would also need to identify and evaluate inherently safer measures to reduce risk to the greatest extent feasible.
- Additional Management of Change Requirements (MOC): The draft rule would require the implementation of MOC procedures as a part of the new damage mechanism review (DMR), hierarchy of hazard controls analysis (HCA) and safeguard protection analysis (SPA). Likewise, the rule would require a review of potential changes with maintenance workers and contractor employees in addition to employees involved in the process.
- Broader Operating Procedures: The draft rule would broaden the procedures required for each phase of operation. Procedures would need to define the conditions requiring emergency shutdown, and assign "responsibilities to qualified operators to ensure that [an] emergency shutdown is executed in a safe and timely manner." Procedures for emergency operations would need to "provide that only qualified operators may initiate these operations," and that before allowing operators into the vicinity of a leak, the employer must have either shutdown or depressurized the process or isolated the equipment.
- Increased Training: Under the draft rule, the employer would have a greater role in ensuring the safety of contract employees, and training them about site's hazards. A training record would need to be created including the type, subject, and verification that knowledge has been transferred.
- Increased Compliance Audit Obligations: Employers would be required to certify that they have evaluated compliance with the provisions of the rule every three years. Employers would need to verify that they are following the procedures and practices developed under the rule and that their PSM program is effective. Employers would have to include employees with expertise and experience in the work they are reviewing on the audit team. The employer would need to provide a written report of the audit within 60 days.
- Process Safety Management System: Under the draft rule, employers would be required to develop and implement a PSM management system administered by a PSM management coordinator who is responsible for compliance with this rule. Also, the employer would have to develop and maintain an organizational chart identifying management positions responsible for implementing the PSM Program elements required by this section.
The rulemaking is still in the early stages. DOSH has scheduled public meetings to review the rule. The next meeting date is February 21, 2018. Additionally, DOSH has formed a PSM Advisory Committee including members from the labor and industry communities. Its next meeting is scheduled for March 7, 2018. Refineries in Washington should consider engaging early in the rulemaking process and outline their positions on the draft rule's new obligations.
Beveridge & Diamond's Occupational Health & Safety Practice helps companies nationwide and in a variety of industrial sectors on a wide range of worker safety issues—in the rulemaking, counseling and litigation contexts—with a particular focus on chemicals and processes also regulated by environmental programs. For more information, please contact the authors.


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Construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railway has not polluted the source of the Yangtze River, which is in the project area.
According to a water quality and environment survey by the Qinghai Provincial Environment Monitoring Center, the water quality at the source of the Yangtze, the longest river in China, has remained unchanged.
The center has regularly monitored and tested water quality in the area since the railway project began in June last year.
The Qinghai-Tibet railway, running for 1,142 km from Golmud in Qinghai Province to Lhasa in the Tibet Autonomous Region, is the longest and most elevated railway built on highlands in the world. It will be the first railway linking Tibet with the rest of China.
A total of 960 km of the railway will be laid in area with an elevation of more than 4,000 meters.
Workers with the Qinghai Provincial Environment Monitoring Center tested 15 items, including heavy metals, suspended substances and biochemical oxygen consumption in the water in the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its tributaries.
They also monitored the water quality of the Golmud, Sancha and Xueshui, snow water, rivers and found no visible changes.
Lu Chunfang, director of the project's headquarters, said they have worked out administrative measures for protecting the local environment during the construction of the railway, aiming to keep the effects on the local environment to a minimum.
In April, the Qinghai-Tibet railway construction headquarters and construction teams signed an agreement with Qinghai Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau for each of the involved work units to take its due responsibility in protecting the local environment.
The agreement is said to be the first of its kind in the railway construction history of China.
The construction team in charge of building a large bridge at the source of the Yangtze River handles various kinds of garbage carefully. Degradable garbage is buried deep underground and that which is not degradable is disposed of at Golmud more than 400 km away. Effective measures have been taken to prevent soil erosion and polluting water sources during construction.
Use of phosphorus-free scouring is encouraged both in the residential camps and at the construction site. The wastewater is disposed of timely and then used for watering trees and grass.
(Xinhua News Agency September 30, 2002)