For the past 12 months I have been working on some exciting changes to Offix with the rest of the Offix team and the Offix core contributors. The offline experience has and will always be the main focus and key driver for Offix. We have been asking ourselves how we can improve on this and make this experience even better. We have decided to create the Offix DataStore and replace our previous offline client.
What is the offline experience?
Generally speaking when building your application you might often overlook consistency issues. Imagine that your user opened an existing form application and spent 2 minutes filling it in. In the meantime, someone else came and changed it.
Most of the time, developers won't handle situations like this simply because they are hard to handle or require models that will prevent other users from making simultaneous changes. This can be even more problematic for applications that need to store data that can be presented when the client doesn't have network connectivity.
When building offline applications most of us often focus only on reading offline data. The reason for this is that supporting offline writes requires developers to write their own replication mechanisms, which have a number of trade-offs. Thankfully projects like Offix exist and usually apply two different approaches:
 - Query Cache with some levels of data normalization into entities, queries etc.
 - Local database with asynchronous replication
The original Offix client used the first approach, while the Offix datastore implements the second approach.
When your cache has layers
Before we jump into what the Offix DataStore is and how we can use it, it's necessary to give a brief preamble as to why we have made this decision as a team. Offix started as an extension to a very popular GraphQL client, Apollo, which provides out-of-the-box offline capabilities.
The Apollo Client caches GraphQL data and queries to provide state management and reduce the number of queries sent to the server. This begins to break down when the app goes offline and you need to make changes to the data.
This is where the Offix comes in. When the application goes offline, Offix schedules the mutations and adds them to an offline queue. The scheduler generates a client ID and an optimistic response is added to the optimistic layer of the cache. When the app comes back online, Offix handles the conflict resolutions and swaps out the client generated IDs for the server generated ones. All the optimistic responses are replaced with the actual data and the result is that none of the data that was created when the app went offline is lost.
This approach presents many obstacles. In the cases of more complex GraphQL types or queries, i.e. pagination and relationships, the developer has to write very complicated cache update functions which do not scale well and this results in even more boilerplate code. All in all, the experience becomes very unmanageable and the generic out the box helpers are not flexible enough to handle a vast array of use-cases. Over the years of doing offline we have received many bugs related to our Offix library and it was challenging to resolve them in the generic way without sacrificing other elements.
Limitations of the Cache and beginnings of the Offix DataStore
Our project, called Offix, used an internal API that has since been removed in Apollo GraphQL 3.0. Our team evaluated moving to the latest version of Apollo GraphQL but we felt that we could not provide user experience that was needed. This is where we started thinking about building a database-first system that works with local data first and replicates data back to the server using common protocols. This is how Offix DataStore was born. To build the ffix DataStore we needed to come up with the default protocol for exchanging data and created GraphQLCRUD, which is now being used in numerous open source technologies and projects.
Offline First
Our aim is to make the offline focus as seamless as possible and not for it to be left as an afterthought. Offix generates an in-browser database based on the provided GraphQL models. This not only results in less boilerplate code, but all of the data is persisted to the browser from the start. So data is saved when the app goes offline and data is saved across app restarts.
Offix DataStore — DataSync and Replication engine
The Offix DataStore has a replication engine with delta synchronisation baked into the core, based on the GraphQL Crud specification. The Offix DataStore handles the replication of the new data to the backend automatically. The replication engine only fetches the data since the last sync (Delta synchronisation), reducing the size of the payload from the server since we are only fetching the items we need.
GraphQL Crud Specification
The Offix DataStore follows the GraphQL CRUD specification, which is implemented by Graphback, and will work out of the box with a server that follows the specification. As a result, all the queries, mutations and types can be generated, reducing boilerplate code to a minimum and resulting in quicker setup times and the ability to create quick and rapid prototypes.
State of Development
The Offix DataStore is still undergoing active development and there is still work that needs to be done around stabilising the implementation and addressing some of the limitations that are there. We have also officially made the decision to deprecate the previous Offix client.
For more information on how to get started, you can take a look at our docs.
Software developer @ Red Hat
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text:
The bank of the Han River, showing the inlet to the pumping ditch.
The elevated irrigation ditch and the pumping house, as seen from the planted fields.
Irrigation ditch as seen from the pumping plant.
It forms one bank of the canal which traverses the farming area.
A view of the reservoir below the pumping plant. The water is pumped from the river-bed basins into the reservoir, then pumped into the irrigation canals.
Koreans watch the water, which means life or death for themselves and their families, gush out from the pumping plant into the irrigation canal.
Another view of the canal, showing in foreground the culvert (with man standing on it) through which it passes under the road and onto the other side.
President Rhee and General Coulter at the ceremony.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
North Central Wisconsin stormwater survey: a follow-up report on residents' stormwater knowledge and practices
MetadataShow full item record
This study sought to: measure current public understanding of stormwater issues; describe current practices with respect to factors that affect stormwater quality; determine public awareness of the North Central Wisconsin Stormwater Coalition and its programs and compare responses to this survey to a similar survey done in the spring of 2008 to determine if the Coalition?s educational efforts have affected citizen?s understanding of and practices relevant to proper management of stormwater.
North Central Wisconsin Stormwater Coalition
Urban runoff--Environmental aspects--Wisconsin
Water quality management--Wisconsin
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
Trechter, David; Janke, James; Hadley, Shelly; Parks, Denise (2008-07)The SRC, working with the North Central Wisconsin Storm Water Coalition, surveyed residents from the cities of Merrill, Mosinee, Schofield, Stevens Point, Wausau, and Wisconsin Rapids, the villages of Kronenwetter, Rothschild ...
Rock River Stormwater Group: 2013 stormwater related perceptions, knowledge and practices survey report Hadley, Shelly; Trechter, David (2014-01)The goals of the survey were to provide the Rock River Stormwater Group (RRSG) with information to help local efforts to improve area lakes and streams. Input was sought from households in the Rock River Stormwater Group ...
Madison Area Municipal Storm Water Partnership: 2013 stormwater related perceptions, knowledge and practices survey report and 2014 online survey summary Hadley, Shelly; Trechter, David (2014-02)The goals of the survey were to provide the Madison Area Municipal Storm Water Partnership (MAMSWaP) with information to help local efforts to improve area lakes and streams. Input was sought from households in the Joint ...


text:
The equation is equation #23 in the paper. It's a model for the density of stars in the Milky Way's disk. It has an exponential dependence on both $R$ and $Z$. $R$ is the distance from the center of the galaxy, and $Z$ is the distance above/below the plane of the disk.
The relation is roughly this:
The problem I'm seeing is the $Z$-dependence of the formula. $R$ and $Z$ here are standard cylindrical coordinates. Thus, $Z$ can be positive or negative. The problem is that the formula blows up when $Z$ is negative. This is unphysical, since the number density must generally decrease going further away from the disk.
Am I missing something? Or should the equation really have an absolute magnitude of $|Z + Z_0|$?


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What is MS Polymer? A Comprehensive Guide to this Revolutionary Material
IntroductionIn today's fast-paced world, technological advancements continue to reshape various industries, and the field of construction is no exception. One such innovation that has gained significant attention is MS Polymer. But what exactly is MS Polymer? In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the world of MS Polymer, exploring its properties, applications, and the benefits it brings to the construction industry.
What is MS Polymer?MS Polymer, short for "Modified Silane Polymer," is a revolutionary adhesive and sealant technology that combines the best features of traditional polyurethane and silicone-based products. It is a versatile material that exhibits excellent adhesive strength, flexibility, durability, and weather resistance.
MS Polymers are developed by modifying the chemical structure of silane polymers, resulting in enhanced performance characteristics. They are typically solvent-free, low VOC (volatile organic compound), and possess excellent UV and water resistance properties, making them ideal for a wide range of applications in the construction sector.
The Advantages of MS Polymer
Superior Adhesive PropertiesMS Polymers offer exceptional bonding capabilities across various substrates, including metals, plastics, glass, concrete, and wood. The adhesive strength ensures a reliable and long-lasting bond, even in challenging environments.
Excellent Flexibility and ElasticityOne of the standout features of MS Polymers is their flexibility and elasticity. This enables them to accommodate movements and vibrations without cracking or losing adhesion. Such characteristics make them ideal for applications where joint movement or structural flexing is expected.
Weather ResistanceMS Polymers are designed to withstand extreme weather conditions, including temperature variations, UV radiation, and moisture exposure. They retain their performance properties over time, making them suitable for both interior and exterior applications.
Paint CompatibilityUnlike certain adhesive and sealant materials, MS Polymers are compatible with most paints, allowing for seamless integration into a wide range of construction projects. This feature ensures a smooth and aesthetically pleasing finish.
User-Friendly and Environmentally FriendlyMS Polymers are generally solvent-free, reducing the release of harmful emissions during application. Additionally, they are easy to handle and apply, making them user-friendly for both professionals and DIY enthusiasts.
Versatile ApplicationsThe versatility of MS Polymer is one of its strongest attributes. It finds application in various construction areas, including:
- Bonding and sealing of metal, glass, and plastic panels in curtain wall systems.
- Installation and sealing of windows, doors, and other fenestration elements.
- Waterproofing and sealing of roofs, balconies, and terraces.
- Bonding and sealing of joints in precast concrete panels and structural glazing.
- Automotive assembly and repairs, such as bonding body panels and windshields.
In summary, MS Polymer is a remarkable material that combines the best features of traditional polyurethane and silicone-based products. Its superior adhesive properties, flexibility, weather resistance, and ease of use make it an excellent choice for a wide range of construction applications. As the construction industry continues to evolve, MS Polymer plays a vital role in enhancing durability, sustainability, and overall performance.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Toga Himiko's name meaning in Japanese
{NEW!} Kanji Name Translation Service
Toga Himiko's name meaning in Japanese
Toga Himiko written in kanjiMy Hero Academia
Kanji and meanings of Toga's name
A dark heroine, Toga Himiko! Her name was written in katakana first, but later how to write it in kanji letters was revealed.
It seems they show both her quirk and dreadful background. What's hidden in her name? Let's see it together!
Toga written in kanji
The first letter means to pass something or to get across. The second one means myself.
The whole word TOGA can be interpreted "pass myself (to someone)". Toga Himiko says that she wants to become completely the same as someone she loves. In a way, she throws herself away to be her beloved one. "Passing herself" name may express this twisted way of her loving someone.
The family name Toga exists in reality, but it doesn't use the same kanji as her name.
For your information, the sound TOGA can mean a sin in Japanese. It may imply the fact that she's a criminal and in a dark side.
Himiko written in kanji
The first kanji HI means "to suffer" or "to wear or pull something over one's head". This character contains negative nuance and we usually don't use it for a person's name.
The second one MI means body or oneself.
And the third one KO means a kid and it's a suffix letter for girl names.
If we understand them literally, it means "wear oneself". I think it seems there are two meanings in it.
One is simply her quirk, Transform. To wear someone's body.
The other is related to her past. She has suppressed her real emotion and herself and been wearing a mask of a normal person until the murder case she committed when she was in junior high. In this case, her name can be interpreted as "wear myself".
The first name HIMIKO is an ancient queen's name of Japan. It's said she was the first king in Japan. Details about her are still wrapped in a mystery, but we all learn about her name in our history class.
Himiko was a shaman and therefore she frequently appears as a mystic character with some mysterious powers in manga and anime.
Since HI letter in her name uses kanji with bad meaning, we don't name a person Himiko. It only shows up in creative works.
Get Toga Himiko's cute Nendoroid!
 - You can get rare Japan only items here!
 - Over 200 countries worldwide shipping directly from Japan
 - English service and support
 - Now you can get 500JPY discount for your first order!
See more pictures and check the price!
Why don't you PIN it?
what does toga himiko mean in japanese? an amazing secret behind her name...
Your comment encourages me!


Wednesday, February 13, 2013
Android FaceDetection
How could a book application interact with facial detection?
If Harry Potter has taught me anything, it is that any book can conceal a rotten core of evil, or a path to enlightenment. And yes, your typical book will not communicate by talking, or bleeding...
On the other hand, I've been experimenting with the FaceDetection capabilities which Android ICS introduced. A front facing camera can take a snapshot, say, each time you advance a page while you are reading. FaceDetection can do several things; for instance, count faces, track eyes and mouthes to see who is smiling, and register when a reader is new.
So the book can recognize the audience, as a proxy for the author. Consider this: as you are reading a book, it could refuse to go to the next page until you shared the text with another set of eyes. Perhaps more useful, a book app could track progress for a number of readers, based on their faces.
Wheels within wheels - well we're at it, the more I work with Firefox OS and Gaia, the more I want to use it as a platform to build a more interactive ePub reader, leveraging the Web Activity model. See below. Think books which can talk to each other using Web Activity sharing.
The thing is, FacialDetection may be easily fooled by a photograph... Might not be as secure as exchanging secure tokens, but once an application has authenticated that token, it can remain authenticated until the status of the detected face or faces changes, based on periodic snapshots.
Once authenticated with a single face, an app could drop authentication when this face goes away or a face is added. As long as your face is associated with a secure token, and your face does not change, this should be satisfactory to maintain authentication.
What are some ways a book app could interact differently if it could recognize its audience?
Tom Riddle me this.


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Sea Ice Patterns
On July 20, the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy steamed south in the Arctic Ocean toward the edge of the sea ice.
The ICESCAPE mission, or "Impacts of Climate on Ecosystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment," is a NASA shipborne investigation to study how changing conditions in the Arctic affect the ocean's chemistry and ecosystems. The bulk of the research took place in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas in summer 2010 and 2011. Credit: NASA/Kathryn Hansen
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA's mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA's accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency's mission.
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Project Report
Document Sample
Project Report Powered By Docstoc
 Final Project Report
Auto-Leveling Platform on Unstable
 Surfaces
 Course Title: Mechatronics
 Instructor: Dr. Robert Landers
 Report prepared by:
 Geongsik Lee (_PHONE_) _EMAIL_
 Jason Searcy (_PHONE_) _EMAIL_
 Aravind Kumar (_PHONE_) _EMAIL_
 Date: 05/04/2011
 Abstract:
 The objective of this project is to maintain a platform parallel to the
 Earth's surface even when placed on an unstable surface; such as a table that
 remains level on a boat that is being tossed on the waves. The problem is solved
 using an accelerometer fixed to the platform to record any movement in the mobile
 surface. The data are then processed to calculate a control input to a linear actuator,
 which corrects the error and levels the platform (or sends the platform to any
 reference angle that is desired). This report describes the development of the
 dynamic model and controller used for the auto-leveling experiment. The platform
 is controlled directly by calculating the disturbance angle and using the control
 input to offset the error. Because of noise in the accelerometer measurement, a
 Kalman filter is used to increase the accuracy of the angular position estimate. The
 results of the filtered and non-filtered experiments are included. Finally, any
 improvements to the design and future work that could be accomplished is
 discussed in the conclusion.
Introduction
 The motivation for selecting this project comes from the fact that having a level deck as
the ship rolls at sea would be a large selling point; especially on a cruise ship, as it would allow
passengers who suffer from seasickness to have an enjoyable journey. Some work on this idea
had been previously noted by Popular Mechanics in 1947. Second, medical evacuation vehicles
would benefit from having a steady platform, making it easier for the EMT to do emergency first
aid on route to the hospital. Finally, armed vehicles such as the Humvee, would improve their
accuracy by providing a steady platform for the roof gunner. There already has been previous
work in this field as shown by stabilized deck for the Israeli Mini-Typhoon Weapon System and
the M1A1 Abram Tank.
 The approach discussed in this report provides a proof of concept for the auto-leveling
surface. The project consists of a movable surface that supports a raised cantilever beam. The
beam is hinged at the connection point and has an accelerometer attached to it. This
accelerometer detects any change in angular position of the surface and sends that information to
a controller. The accelerometer will read the acceleration as voltages in a Cartesian vector. If the
 2
platform is level, the accelerometer should read 1 g in the down direction. If the platform is not
level, it will read a component in the down direction, and a component in the lengthwise direction
of the beam. The inverse sine function is used on the components to yield the angle. The
controller will then process the data and will provide an output (in the form of a voltage) to a
linear actuator connected to the free end of the beam and directs the linear actuator to correct the
displacement. Then the accelerometer sends the current position to the controller, which
continually checks if the current position is within tolerance of the initial position. If the current
position checks as the initial position, then the controller does not move the linear actuator.
Approach
 The project is divided into three systems: the surface, the beam and the electronics.
'Lego' bricks are used to construct the surface and the beam. The choice of 'Legos' for
construction came from the ease of assembly it provides as well as the ability to easily take an old
design apart and build a new design. The thin, green plate will serve as the movable surface,
while a stand would be made from the other blocks. The stand provides a place for a hinge, which
would be attached to the beam. The beam is constructed of the remaining Lego pieces, whose
specifications are: 40.95g, 3.5cm wide, 0.8cm tall and 32.3 cm long. Once the beam was
completed, a system of axis was chosen as shown below.
 3
 Figure 1: Beam axis diagram
 The moment of inertia about the x-axis was found to be 3.5624e3 g*cm2, using the
equation below.
 ���������������� * (��������������������h2 + h������������h����2)
 �������� = 12 (1)
 As the linear actuator was taller than the LEGOs stand, a stand made of wood was added
in order for the beam to lower below the level position. The wood/LEGOs stand is shown below.
The figures shows the actual test setup on the left, and the diagram on the right.
 4
 Figure 2: LEGO brick-platform picture/schematic
 To allow some rotation of the beam while the actuator was moving, a compression spring
was added between the actuator and the beam using the setup below. The spring constant was
experimental found to be 21.4 lb/in. This spring was super-glued to a metal piece, which was
glued to a bolt with a nut. The free end of the beam is attached to the actuator with a spring..
 Figure 3: Spring before being glued to the beam
 5
 Attached to the beam are the electronics. The electronics can be divided into two sub-
systems, the sensor and the actuator. The sensor proposed is a Freescale MMA7361L XYZ-axis
(see appendix for data sheet) accelerometer which can detect ±1.5 in three axes. The sensor is
attached to the LEGO bridge via the mounting holes. Power is supplied to the sensor and a
voltage is outputted that describes the acceleration out the end of the beam. The accelerometer
outputs -1.5 g to 1.5 g accelerations, linearly distributed between 0 and Vref. The Vref is user
selectable and will be set to 6 V (same as voltage for linear actuator) for simplicity. A reading of
0 V will correspond to an acceleration of -1.5 g, a reading of Vref/2 will be 0 g, and an output of
Vref corresponds to 1.5 g. The output voltages are converted into a digital signal via a NI 6040E
DAQ (see appendix for data sheet). The angular displacement is calculated by using assuming the
translational acceleration is always 9.81 m/s2 perpendicular to the Earth's surface. The angle is
then the inverse sine of the acceleration in the direction of the beam. The angle is fed into the
controller. The output of the controller is converted into an analog form by the D/A converter in
the multifunction board and conveyed as an analog voltage to the linear actuator connected to the
platform. A Firgelli L12-I Linear Actuator (100mm) (see appendix for data sheet) is used in
our project. It is capable of moving at only 12mm/sec, which means the disturbance much be at
very low frequencies. It moves with respect to the voltage supplied; supplying 0 V will cause the
arm to retract completely and supplying 5 V will cause the arm to fully extend. Between zero and
five volts, the position of the arm changes linearly with voltage.
Initial Approach:
 The system was modeled and simulated with a controller to keep the platform level,
assuming that the dynamic analysis could work on this small scale. The beam was hinged at one
side. The force on the board is determined from displacement of the linear actuator by using a
spring in between the board and the actuator. The damping that will be caused by the spring has
been modeled into the system.
 6
 The following figure shows a diagram of the setup and the components.
 Figure 4: Diagram of the Experimental Setup
 The system dynamics can be described by Equation (2) and (3).
    (2)
 LK (u  L sin( ))  B
 
  (3)
 J
 In the above equations, θ represents the angular displacement of the platform, ω is the
angular velocity, L is the length of the platform, K is the spring constant, B is the damping
coefficient of the hinge, u is the displacement, and J is the moment of inertia of the platform.
 The system is nonlinear due to the sin (θ) in the calculation of the angular acceleration.
The controller chosen is the State Dependent Riccati Equation technique, or SDRE.1 The SDRE
 7
controller solves the Riccati equation at each time step to calculate the control gain. The Riccati
equation finds the gain that minimized the cost function
 t
 1 T
 J   x Qx  u T Rudt (4)
 2 t0
 In Equation (3), Q and R are weights on the states and the control, respectively. A high
Q matrix will correspond to lower controller error and faster convergence to the desired state,
while a higher R matrix will try to reduce the control input needed. The ratio of the Q to the R
matrix is the important factor in optimal control.
 The Riccati equation is
 AT S  SA  SBR 1 BT S  Q  0 (5)
 The solution to the Riccati equation provides the matrix S, which is directly related to the
control through the equation
 u   R 1 BT Sx (6)
 The Riccati equation is solved using the linear quadratic regulator function, or LQR, in
MATLAB. The SDRE technique requires the system to be in linear-like form. This means the
dynamics must be written of the form
 x  Ax  Bu
  (7)
 The dynamic equations can be rewritten in this form by factoring out state variables were


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PhD Candidate, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto
Amy Janzwood is a Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science and Environmental Studies at the University of Toronto. Her dissertation explains why there has been such great opposition to mega oil sands pipelines in North America, and the implications of this resistance. Her research broadly investigates how state and non-state actors interact on issues like energy, climate change, and trade. She is also a Research Associate at the Environmental Governance Lab, where she analyzes how strategies like carbon disclosure and carbon pricing provide pathways to decarbonization.


text:
A primitive seems to be a hard word to describe but in the antique world, it simply means being the first or earliest of its kind. Examples would include items found in early American farmhouses like butter churns, farm tools, and even early American furniture. Many farm implements in early American history can certainly fall into this category and they are highly collectible for décor and for their rarity.
Primitives define and age when times were simple and the items in this category were used solely for utilitarian purposes. There was no fanfare attached to them and they were simply items that one used in everyday life. From garden tools to wheel barrels to rolling pins, every item had its purpose.
Duplications of primitives exist and are still produced today. It is best to know where you are buying from and finding out the history of any primitive you decide to purchase. Of course, if you would much rather have a reproduction that you can use, the choice is yours.


How Does Rotating Log Grapple Works Out & What Are Its Advantages?
Many of us would love to talk about tech and its working behind, right? So, we will be talking today about the rotating log grapple working which is an equipment of a heavy machinery such as crane. Now, there is much kind of cranes as we all know but we shall not be discussing about these cranes and will be more focusing onto the grapple which can be affixed in almost every kind of cranes. So, in bit older time we have only unidirectional grapple which can only move upside down or downside up with an interlocking mechanism and if we want to rotate it so it was not possible due to which we have to move the crane instead, quite difficult and painful but now it is very easy with rotating log grapple. Actually, what happens is that when we are working with logs so it is quite long and to hold it is not a problem but when it comes to rotate it for several reason so that was not possible easily.
In an addition, rotating log grapple makes a lot easiness in such kind of work and especially when it is about long materials and good like log. This is why this specific grapple called as rotating log grapple. Let us see its advantages in following bulleted points and its explanation. For more information about rotating grab please click here.
 1. Affixing rotation log grapple in a crane
This is a preliminary step to install or attach the rotating log grapple in your crane so that you can be able to use it wisely.
 1. Connect Gears with rotating log grapple
If you need an extra control and advance features than you may needed to connect additional gears to it for extended support. Like, when you wanted to rotate it without dropping the log so it will hold and moves simultaneously as much as you want. The best part is that it can balance it from an edge, it is not necessary to rotate it from the middle.
 1. Horizontal and Vertical rotation
With the help of hydraulics rotating log grapple, you can also rotate it like clock and anti-clock wise. For an example you wanted to rotate the log in vertical direction so you can do that also if you wanted to rotate the log horizontally so yes that is also possible.
There are many other benefits of rotating log grapples and also you can customized your own grapple according to your requirement. If you are looking for rotating log grapple and also if you interested in hydraulic grapple for sale, rotating multi grappleand demolition grab than the best and the first choice is "Earth master Grapples". For more details, you can visit their online and an official website at


slow, if there are enough of them running at the same time. Little known fact: all of the component accessors in MonoBehaviour, things like transform, renderer, and audio, are equivalent to their GetComponent(Transform) counterparts, and they are actually a bit slow. GameObject.FindWithTag has been optimized, but in some cases, for example, in inner loops, or on scripts that run on a lot of instances, this script might be a bit slow.
This is a better version of the script.
 // EnemyAI.js
 var speed = 5.0;
 private var myTransform : Transform;
 private var playerTransform : Transform;
 function Start () {
 myTransform = transform;
 playerTransform = GameObject.FindWithTag("Player").transform;
 function Update () {
 myTransform.position += myTransform.forward * speed * Time.deltaTime;
Minimize expensive math functions
Transcendental functions (Mathf.Sin, Mathf.Pow, etc), Division, and Square Root all take about 100x the time of a multiplication. (In the grand scheme of things, no time at all, but if you are calling them thousands of times per frame it can add up).
The most common case of this is vector normalization. If you are normalizing the same vector over and over, consider normalizing it once instead and caching the result for use later.
If you are both using the length of a vector and normalizing it, it would be faster to obtain the normalized vector by multiplying the vector by the reciprocal of the length rather than by using the.normalized property.
If you are comparing distances, you don't have to compare the actual distances. You can compare the squares of the distances instead by using the.sqrMagnitude property and save a square root or two.
Another one, if you are dividing over and over by a constant c, you can multiply by the reciprocal instead. Calculate the reciprocal first by doing 1.0/c.
Only execute expensive operations occasionally, e.g. Physics.Raycast()
If you have to do something expensive, you might be able to optimize it by doing it less often and caching the result. For example, consider a projectile script that uses Raycast:
 // Bullet.js
 var speed = 5.0;
 function FixedUpdate () {
 var distanceThisFrame = speed * Time.fixedDeltaTime;
 var hit : RaycastHit;
 // every frame, we cast a ray forward from where we are to where we will be next frame
 if(Physics.Raycast(transform.position, transform.forward, hit, distanceThisFrame)) {
 // Do hit
 } else {
 transform.position += transform.forward * distanceThisFrame;
Right away, we could improve the script by replacing FixedUpdate with Update and fixedDeltaTime with deltaTime. FixedUpdate refers to the Physics update, which happens more often than the frame update. But let's go even further by only raycasting every n seconds. A smaller n gives greater temporal resolution, and a bigger n gives better performance. The bigger and slower your targets are, the bigger n can be before temporal aliasing occurs. (Appearance of latency, where the player hit the target, but the explosion appears where the target used to be n seconds ago, or the player hit the target, but the projectile goes right through).
 // BulletOptimized.js
 var speed = 5.0;
 var interval = 0.4; // this is 'n', in seconds.
 private var begin : Vector3;
 private var timer = 0.0;
 private var hasHit = false;
 private var timeTillImpact = 0.0;
 private var hit : RaycastHit;
 // set up initial interval
 function Start () {
 begin = transform.position;
 timer = interval+1;
 function Update () {
 // don't allow an interval smaller than the frame.
 var usedInterval = interval;
 if(Time.deltaTime > usedInterval) usedInterval = Time.deltaTime;
 // every interval, we cast a ray forward from where we were at the start of this interval
 // to where we will be at the start of the next interval
 if(!hasHit && timer >= usedInterval) {
 timer = 0;
 var distanceThisInterval = speed * usedInterval;
 if(Physics.Raycast(begin, transform.forward, hit, distanceThisInterval)) {
 hasHit = true;
 if(speed!= 0) timeTillImpact = hit.distance / speed;
 begin += transform.forward * distanceThisInterval;
 timer += Time.deltaTime;
 // after the Raycast hit something, wait until the bullet has traveled
 // about as far as the ray traveled to do the actual hit
 if(hasHit && timer > timeTillImpact) {
 // Do hit
 } else {
 transform.position += transform.forward * speed * Time.deltaTime;
Minimize callstack overhead in inner loops
Just calling a function has a little bit of overhead in itself. If you are calling things like x = Mathf.Abs(x) thousands of times per frame, it might be better to just do x = (x > 0? x : -x); instead.
Optimizing Physics Performance
The NVIDIA PhysX physics engine used by Unity is available on mobiles, but the performance limits of the hardware will be reached more easily on mobile platforms than desktops.
Here are some tips for tuning physics to get better performance on mobiles:-
 - You can adjust the Fixed Timestep setting (in the Time manager) to reduce the time spent on physics updates. Increasing the timestep will reduce the CPU overhead at the expense of the accuracy of the physics. Often, lower accuracy is an acceptable tradeoff for increased speed.
 - Set the Maximum Allowed Timestep in the Time manager in the 8–10fps range to cap the time spent on physics in the worst case scenario.
 - Mesh colliders have a much higher performance overhead than primitive colliders, so use them sparingly. It is often possible to approximate the shape of a mesh by using child objects with primitive colliders. The child colliders will be controlled collectively as a single compound collider by the rigidbody on the parent.
 - While wheel colliders are not strictly colliders in the sense of solid objects, they nonetheless have a high CPU overhead.
Rendering Optimizations


text:
Posted: January 1, 2011, 5 a.m. EST
The Power Of Keeping Records
Most owners know their ferrets very well and can rapidly discern behavioral changes. Dedicate a small notebook to information about your ferret or ferrets. Record their behavior from the day you get them until their behavior stabilizes and stops changing. That's usually the point when a ferret's behavior normalizes.
These records are helpful tools in identifying a ferret's pain and distress. First, the initial introduction provides an idea of individual stress behaviors. Second, it presents an idea of how fast the ferret adapts; I've found those that take longer are usually easily distressed. Third, once behaviors are stabilized, they should be "normal" for the ferret. For instance, a newbie ferret may hide, hardly eat and nip aggressively, but a month later is playful, eating well and no longer nipping. The first behaviors are "distressed;" the later ones are "normal."
You now have a baseline for comparison. If a ferret suddenly starts showing its stress behaviors, suspect injury or distress. If a ferret shows a gradual change in normal behaviors, look for disease or distress. It is helpful to consider rapid changes to be acute problems and slow changes to be chronic ones. I consider any acute change to be cause for an immediate veterinary consultation. If a vet cannot find cause, it's a good rule of thumb to assume stress is triggering change.
Clues To Ferret Pain And Distress
Check out this list of other signs that could indicate your ferret is in pain or distress. Click Here>>
Treating Ferret Pain And Distress
Dealing with ferrets in pain is obvious; regardless of the cause, pain treatment needs to be initiated and closely monitored by a qualified veterinarian. There are NO effective over-the-counter pain medications for ferrets; even aspirin can cause dangerous bleeding. Most causes of ferret pain probably require vet care anyway.
Distress is another matter. Stress is an integral aspect of life and cannot — and probably shouldn't — be completely removed. Some people divide stress into two types, good and bad; other people divide it into four categories: eustress, distress, hyperstress and hypostress.
Eustress, considered positive, is the stress ferrets feel when exploring strange areas, play fighting, investigating novelty or entering fight-or-flight situations. Eustress is motivating, is short-term, and improves physical and mental performance; it causes an excited feeling. A dooking ferret is probably feeling eustress.
Distress, considered negative, can be acute or chronic. Acute distress is immediate stress felt when a ferret experiences a sudden stressor, such as a vet visit or an aggressive animal. It gets a ferret ready for action and is a short-term event closely related to eustress, except the situation is frightening rather than exciting. Fear biting can be caused by acute distress.
Chronic distress is a constant negative stress caused by long-term stressors, such as light or noise pollution, boredom, overcrowding or constant aggression by other animals. Studies have shown chronic distress is linked to a deterioration in health, including (but not limited to) negative or compulsory behaviors, and dental, immune, heart and gastrointestinal problems. Distress is discouraging, can be shortor long-term, and deteriorates physical and mental performance; it causes an anxious feeling. Chronically stressed ferrets can display all the symptoms of adrenal disease, perform stereotypic behaviors or develop ulcers.
Hyperstress is a repeated negative stress that overwhelms the ferret, often leading to sudden or unexpected negative behaviors. Like chronic stress, it can cause health problems if allowed to become chronic. Hyperstress is frustrating, usually short-term, and exaggerates responses; it causes a fearful or frustrated feeling. The repeated poking of a ferret by a curious child or the constant stimulation at a ferret show can overwhelm a ferret with frustration, resulting in bites or other aggressive behavior.
It doesn't seem possible that a ferret might experience hypostress due to their excitable nature, but because it is a type of stress that comes from boredom, it is more than applicable. Hypostressed ferrets can have similar health and behavioral problems seen in chronic distress. Hypostress can reduce activity or cause stereotypical behaviors, is usually long-term and results in restlessness or lethargy. A hypostressed ferret might pace, chew or eat bedding, and fight or bite the cage; some ferrets lose all interest and just lie around.
The body cannot physiologically distinguish between types of stress, so it is the duration of stress that becomes important. The longer the period of stress, the more negative the health impact. Enrichment programs, allowing instinctual behaviors, encouraging exploration, human-ferret bonding activities, physical play and exercise, long out-of-cage times, and interesting diets are all effective ways to reduce stress in ferrets.
<>
Bob Church is a former photojournalist and current zooarcheologist with degrees in biology (zoology) and anthropology (archaeology). He resides in Missouri with 19 ferrets that keep his chicken blender overheated and his heart overfull.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL
A giant in its infancy
Even a big tree starts small

When this innermost ring was formed around the year 1300, our larch was about 40 years old and 6 meters high. It stood at approximately 1,700 m above sea level above Blitzingen, a village in the Goms valley in the canton of Valais.
The larch was felled in September 1987. Since the lower part of its trunk was rotten, the forester took this cross section (or "disc") at a height of 6 meters above ground.
As a result, the tree rings formed in the early years of the tree's life are missing on this disc. Based on site-specific growth curves, scientists can still estimate the number of these initial tree rings and thus determine the germination year of a tree.
In this particular disc, WSL scientists estimated their number to be 40.


text:
There's nothing quite like the sight of a vast field of white daisies in bloom to showcase the delicate and enchanting beauty of nature. These unassuming yet absolutely stunning flowers, with their pristine petals and bright yellow centers, seem to embody the essence of purity and charm in the most captivating way possible.
White daisies, scientifically known as Bellis perennis, have become a popular symbol of innocence and purity. Their clean and modest demeanor, along with their unblemished appearance, has made them a preferred choice for gardens, floral arrangements, and bridal bouquets. Interestingly, the white petals of the daisy signify purity, while the warm yellow center represents the sun and its heat.
The undying appeal of white daisies surpasses any passing fashion. They have been a beloved choice in gardens for generations, thanks to their timeless beauty. Whether they are gathered in a field or delicately arranged in a vase, these daisies possess an effortless elegance that effortlessly captures the affection of admirers.
Gardens can be spruced up with the versatile charm of white daisies. Their beauty is not the only reason for their popularity, as they can grow in diverse conditions and adapt to different soil types. These flowers are perfect for novice and seasoned gardeners alike, thanks to their robustness. Moreover, they are great for covering the ground, making any outdoor space look classy.
White daisies speak a language of their own when it comes to flower symbolism. They represent innocence, purity, and fresh starts – making them perfect for special occasions such as weddings.
To care for these beautiful blooms, it's essential to ensure the soil is well-drained and watered frequently to maintain moisture levels. Regular deadheading will also encourage more flowers to bloom, ensuring a continuous display. White daisies enjoy basking in full sun, but they can also tolerate some shade if necessary.
In conclusion, the beautiful white daisies serve as a wonderful reminder of the simplicity and elegance that nature has to offer. They represent purity, innocence, and the promise of new beginnings. Whether spotted in a wild meadow, a lovingly tended garden or a stunning bridal bouquet, these flowers always radiate their timeless charm and grace, reminding us of the fragile yet gorgeous aspects of life.


text:
CSS Buttons: Tutorials and examples
Creating buttons with CSS is one of the most experimented-with web design techniques around. Examples and tutorials abound.
The biggest recent trend in CSS button design seems to be eliminating images, especially background images, from buttons. But there are plenty of other things designers are doing with buttons, some that do include images.
Below we've collected more than twenty tutorials, examples, and tools for creating CSS buttons, most of which use CSS3.
Included are buttons to suit virtually every design style. We've tried to focus on newer techniques here, leaving out the long-standing techniques (like the sliding door method for creating rounded corners) that most designers are already familiar with.
If you have other tutorials or examples you'd like to share, please do so in the comments!
Tutorials and articles
Rediscovering the button element
A really helpful article discussing the
button element in CSS, which is often overlooked by designers. It's a bit older, but still has tons of useful information on creating more stylish buttons with CSS.
Beautiful CSS buttons with icon set
Here's another article that talks about how to create buttons with icons, though using
span classes rather than the
Build kick-ass practical CSS3 buttons
This video tutorial from Nettuts+ shows how to create practical CSS3 buttons that even include what appears to be a Twitter bird icon image, but is in fact created entirely with CSS3.
Beautiful Photoshop-like buttons with CSS3
While the buttons here aren't particularly forward-thinking in terms of look, what is amazing is that they were created entirely using CSS3, without using an images, and were only based on buttons created in Photoshop.
Better button and navigation interactions
This is a great, simple tutorial from Darren Hoyt on creating better behaviors for your buttons that encourage visitors to interact with your site.
Super awesome buttons with CSS3 and RGBA
This tutorial from Zurb covers using CSS3 and alpha-blending using RGBA to create scalable buttons with only a single PNG image.
Building beautiful buttons with CSS gradients
A tutorial for building a button using CSS gradients similar to those used by Mozilla for Firefox Personas.
How to design a sexy button using CSS
This tutorial shows how to create a big, vibrant button without using images.
Realistic looking CSS3 buttons
These are simple buttons, created entirely with CSS3, including some pseudo-elements.
Pretty CSS3 buttons
This tutorial shows how to create a simple, slightly glossy-style button that's scalable and can be created in any color without images.
CSS3 buttons without any images
A simple tutorial for creating dynamic buttons that use only CSS3 and no images. There are four states for each button, including disabled, hovered, and clicked states.
5 different tutorials of dynamic CSS round corners link buttons
This is a collection of five different tutorials for creating CSS buttons with rounded corners. Two include the use of images, but the other three don't.
Create a CSS3 button that degrades nicely
Until all browsers properly support CSS3, we're going to run into issues when using it to create things like buttons. This tutorial shows how to create great CSS3 buttons that also look fine in older browsers, like IE6 and 7.
Apple's navigation bar using only CSS
This tutorial shows how to recreate the button-style navigation menu on Apple's website. It works best in Safari 3+, but still looks fine in other browsers.
Create a CSS3 call to action button
This tutorial shows how to create a call to action button entirely with CSS that includes different default and hover states.
Sexy buttons with CSS3
This simple tutorial shows how to create nicely-styled buttons with unique hover and active states. The buttons can be scaled and their color can be changed easily.
Glossy buttons without images using only CSS3
Looking at these buttons, it's hard to believe they're made without images unless you look very closely. The code is complicated, but the end result looks great, complete with hover effect.
CSS3 buttons with icons
This tutorial shows how to create CSS3 buttons with gradients that also include icon images and are cross-browser compatible.
Roll your own Google buttons
This tutorial shows how to make scalable Google-style buttons with colored borders. The end results are minimalist and clean.
Examples and tools
10 awesome CSS3 buttons to use on your website
Here's a collection of ten buttons you can use on your website. They're all pretty basic but are created using just CSS3 with no images.
CSS3 gradient buttons
This is a huge collection of CSS3 buttons from Web Designer Wall. Included are a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors, all with gradients. One of the best parts about them, though, is how gracefully these buttons degrade in browsers that don't have full CSS3 support.
CSS-Tricks offers this free CSS3 button creator. Just define the background colors for each state of the button, the size, and the text attributes, and it will create the CSS code for you.
These buttons use CSS animations in Safari to create a pulsing, glowing effect. In other browsers that support CSS3, they're still perfectly functional and look just fine.
Written exclusively for WDD by Cameron Chapman.
Know other techniques for creating awesome CSS buttons that weren't mentioned here? Or have a favorite example? Please share them in the comments!


text:
Trayless Tuesdays: Parsons Helps Public Schools Kick the Styrofoam Habit
Last Tuesday, Parsons students saw their ideas become a reality when New York City Schools Chancellor Joel I. Klein and the Department of Education's Office of SchoolFood (DOE) launched Trayless Tuesdays. This initiative stemmed from a partnership between Parsons, the grassroots organization Styrofoam Out of Schools (SOSnyc) and the DOE to reduce the use of Styrofoam trays in City public schools and replace them with biodegradable containers to reduce landfill waste.
The collaboration began last spring, when first-year Parsons students, led by faculty member and SOSnyc founder Debby Lee Cohen, created an installation for their year-end exhibition out of 1,000 used trays from public school cafeterias to raise awareness of this issue. Last summer, faculty member Jessica Corr and another group of students worked on site at PS 19 in Manhattan, where they interviewed students about creative ways to reduce waste from styrofoam trays. It is through this effort that students proposed the idea of Trayless Tuesdays. In addition, Parsons students designed a poster campaign that is used in school cafeterias to build awareness of this pilot program.
"The opportunity to work directly with public school students on important environmental issues was very exciting for our students," said Corr. "This project is part of our larger mission to empower public school students through design to make change in their communities."
Each Tuesday, polystyrene lunch trays in all city schools will be replaced with containers made of paper with a clay-based lining. Beginning April 13, schools will also begin using paper containers to serve breakfast. The DOE serves 623,039 lunches and 205,317 breakfasts daily.
"This program will help make our schools more environmentally responsible, while also sending a powerful lesson to students about the importance of sustainability," Chancellor Klein said. "Students will see first-hand that if they each make small changes in their daily lives, those efforts can add up to make a big difference for the future of our City and our planet."
As part of this ongoing partnership, earlier this month Corr and Cohen brought a group of Foundation students to the Green School, a public school in Manhattan, where they worked with public school students to develop prototype containers. These activities are being organized by the Research, Education, Arts and Design Lab at the School of Design Strategies at Parsons, co-founded by Corr.


text:
Chief Admin Officer
One of the harder ideas in fixed income is risk-neutral probabilities. In this video, I'd like to specifically illustrate, and define, what we mean by risk-neutral probabilities. I will do this in three steps. The first one is just a simple example of a coin toss, where my objective is to illustrate what we mean by risk-neutral probabilities. These are the probabilities that equate the expected discounted value to the market price of the instrument. Then, having defined the concept, in the second sheet I've replicated Bruce Tuckman's example in Chapter 7 where he retrieves the risk-neutral probabilities that are implied by a 1-year zero-coupon bond. We'll take those risk-neutral probabilities and go to the third sheet and use them to price or value an option on that same bond so that's a contingent claim. Then we'll see why there is some magic to these risk-neutral probabilities.


text: About 1950 (station established 1813). Active; focal plane 37 m (121 ft); white flash every 2.5 s. 35 m (155 ft) cylindrical concrete tower with lantern and gallery, painted with black and white horizontal bands; lantern painted black with a red roof. Latvia's oldest light station is the landfall light for Riga, the nation's capital and principal seaport. The original lighthouse was replaced in 1863; the second and third lighthouses were destroyed in World Wars I and II, respectively. Located on the west side of the entrance to the Daugava River and Riga harbor. Site open, tower closed. Admiralty C3526; NGA 12272.


filters.
Example 2
In this example, the amounts of all components in Comparative Example A are the same except that the amount of water is reduced to 85% of the amount of water added in Comparative Example A. Therefore, in this formulation, 44.8 wt % of ball milled aluminum zirconium silicate fiber (FIBERFRAX Long Staple Fine fiber, available from Unifrax LLC, Niagara Falls, N.Y.), 14.4 wt % of colloidal alumina (AL20SD, available from Nyacol Nano Technologies, Inc, Ashland, Mass.), 36.6 wt % of water, 2.1 wt % methyl cellulose (METHOCEL A15LV, available from The Dow Chemical Co. Midland, Mich.), and 2.1 wt % polyethylene glycol 400 (available from Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, Mass.) were mixed to achieve uniform mixture.
The viscosity of cement in Example 2 is shown in FIG. 6. Compared with Comparative Example A and Example 1, the 15% reduction of water in the cement formulation has resulted in the lowest amount of water and hence the highest viscosity for the cement in this example. The further increase in the viscosity of the cement further slows the diffusion of cement through porous honeycomb in the drying process.
A 10 cell×10 cell×3 inches ACM honeycomb with 200 CPSI cell structure was also fabricated as in Comparative Example A to study pressure drop. The pressure drop of the honeycomb shown in FIG. 8 demonstrates that the increase in pressure drop in the honeycomb coated with Example 2 cement is less than the increase in Comparative Example A. The pressure drop increase of honeycomb coated with Example 2 at 6 m3/h air flow rate is 2%, which is less than the 6% increase for honeycomb coated with Comparative Example A and the 3% increase for honeycomb coated with Example 1. The further reduction of the amount of water in cement formulation has resulted in further reduction in alumina binder migration and pressure drop increase.
Example 3
36 wt % of ball milled aluminum zirconium silicate fiber (FIBERFRAX Long Staple Fine fiber, available from Unifrax LLC, Niagara Falls, N.Y.), 48 wt % of colloidal alumina (Cerama-Bind 644A, available from Aremco Products Inc., Valley Cottage, N.Y.), 16 wt % of colloidal silica (Cerama-Bind 644S, available from Aremco Products Inc., Valley Cottage, N.Y.) were mixed to achieve a uniform mixture. The 644A colloidal alumina has a pH of 4 while the 644S colloidal silica has a pH of 9, the mixing of the alumina and silica binders resulted in gelling of the binders and fibers were suspended in the binder gel.
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Application #
US 20120263914 A1
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10/18/2012
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01/03/2011
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428116
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text:
Besides the types of mountain and hills, what can you look for when selecting a property in a locality with prosperity and posterity in mind?
You should make close observation on the quality of soil that make up the land in the vicinity of the neighborhood.
In Feng Shui, the natural environment we lived in provides us with life giving energy known as qi. It is the life force that sustains all living things on earth. From the highest peak of the mountain, qi flows along the natural contours of the land and makes it way down the valleys where water is located. It is carried by the wind and gathers at the boundary of water.
When you are looking for a suitable property to make your home, you should observe whether there is any mountain or hill around the area. If there is and it is lush with vegetation, you can tap into the qi that is strong and vitalizing.
But if you would like to know what types of qi is available in the area, you can start by looking at what is below the ground. Qi flows on top and below the ground. Earth is a natural conductor of qi and naturally you can determine the types of qi it carries from observing the soil. The secret is in the color of the soil. To do this, you need to dig about 2 feet into the ground. First, pay attention to the texture of the soil. If it is soft and loamy (with a mixture of clay, sand and some decayed vegetable matter), it indicates positive qi and therefore good quality. Whereas if the soil tends to be rocky and pebbly (with mostly stones), it is not conducive for positive qi to take root. Secondly, by examining the soil's natural color, we can determine the types of qi it contains. Based on Feng Shui concept, there are five elemental phases of qi namely, wood, fire, earth, metal and water. Each element takes on a color.
The following is a general guide as to what each color means in relation to the soil:-
Green colored soil denotes wood qi and is associated with nobility, benevolence and growth
Red or purple colored soil denotes fire qi and is associated with passion and spirituality
Yellowish colored soil denotes earth qi and is associated with wealth and stability
Pale white colored soil denotes metal qi and is associated with power and authority
Black colored soil denotes water qi and is associated with intelligence and traveling.
For more of such articles, you can visit proactive-qi.com and bazidestiny.yolasite.com which offers free reading of your birth chart based on Chinese Four Pillars of Destiny (Ba Zi).


text:
A writer who focused on the experiences of Native Americans, Ann Nolan Clark was born Anna Marie Nolan on December 6, 1896, in Las Vegas, New Mexico. She graduated from Highlands University in Las Vegas at age twenty-one, and married Thomas Patrick Clark on August 6, 1919. She later gave birth to an only son, Thomas Patrick, Jr., who died in World War II.
Beginning her career teaching English at Highlands University, in the early 1920's she transferred to a job teaching Native American children for the Tesugue Pueblo Indians. This lasted for twenty-five years. Unfortunately, Clark found that the Tesugue School was dreadfully underfunded, and was unable to afford any substantial intructional material. Therefore, she decided to write her own books for the 1st to 4th grade one-room schoolhouse. Between 1940 and 1951, the U.S. Office of Indian Affairs published fifteen of her books, all relating to her experiences with the Native Americans.
In 1945, the Institute for Inter-American Affairs sent Clark to live and travel for five years in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil. Those experiences led her to write books such as Magic Money, Looking-for-Something, and The Secret of the Andes, which received the 1953 Newbery Medal.
She won several other awards, including the Catholic Library Association's 1963 Regina Medal, and the U.S. Office of Indian Affair's 1962 Distinguished Service Award. Clark died in 1995, leaving behind thirty-one books, countless stories in periodicals such as the New Mexico Magazine, and a new glance at Indian culture.
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text: The salinity of European soil is increasing every year, causing severe economic damage (estimated 1-3 million hectares in the enlarged EU). This study uses the biomass of halophytes-tall fescue (grass) and hemp of the Białobrzeskie variety from saline soils-for bioenergy, second generation biofuels and designing new materials-fillers for polymer composites. In the bioethanol obtaining process, in the first stage, the grass and hemp biomass were pretreated with 1.5% NaOH. Before and after the treatment, the chemical composition was determined and the FTIR spectra and SEM pictures were taken. Then, the process of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was carried out. The concentration of ethanol for both the grass and hemp biomass was approx. 7 g·L-1 (14 g·100 g-1 of raw material). In addition, trials of obtaining green composites with halophyte biomass using polymers (PP) and biopolymers (PLA) as a matrix were performed. The mechanical properties of the composites (tensile and flexural tests) were determined. It was found that the addition of a compatibilizer improved the adhesion at the interface of PP composites with a hemp filler. In conclusion, the grass and hemp biomass were found to be an interesting and promising source to be used for bioethanol and biocomposites production. The use of annually renewable plant biomass from saline soils for biorefinering processes opens up opportunities for the development of a new value chains and new approaches to sustainable agriculture.


text: Aim: To carry out a nationwide study of KRAS testing in metastatic colorectal cancer as reported by nine major molecular pathology service providers in Australia, including mutation frequencies and turnaround times that might impact on patient care. Methods: Participating laboratories contributed information on KRAS mutation frequencies, including the G13D mutation type, as well as turnaround times for tumor block retrieval and testing. Results: The KRAS mutation frequency observed by nine different test sites for a total of 3688 metastatic colorectal cancers ranged from 34.4% to 40.7%, with an average across all sites of 38.8%. The average frequency of the G13D mutation type among all cases was 8.0%. The median turnaround time was 17 days (range 0-191), with 20% of cases requiring more than 4 weeks for a KRAS test result. The major contributor to long turnaround times was the time taken to retrieve archived blocks of primary tumor, particularly from sources external to the test site. Conclusion: The frequency of KRAS mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer reported by the major Australian test sites is very similar to that reported by other large overseas studies. More widespread introduction of routine testing at the time of initial diagnosis should eliminate the long turnaround times currently being experienced in a significant proportion of cases. Future expansion of testing to include other KRAS and NRAS mutation hotspots may spur the introduction of next-generation sequencing platforms. © 2014 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.


text:
Origin: LL exarchus, overseer of monasteries < Gr exarchos, leader, chief (in LGr, prefect, bishop): see ex- & -arch
Origin: < ex- + Gr archē, beginning
See exarch in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Late Latin exarchus, an overseer
Origin:, from Greek exarkhos
Origin:, from exarkhein, to lead
Origin: : ex-, exOrigin: + arkhein, to rule.
Origin: + Greek arkhē, beginning (from arkhein, to rule, begin).
Learn more about exarch


text:
How To Grow Peonies Your Neighbors Will Envy #gardenlandscaping
Tips, tricks and advice on how to grow peonies that you neighbors will envy! From how to plant, where to plant and what to do if they won't bloom (hint, they may be planted too deep)! #peonies #peonytips #gardeningtips #flowergardeningTips on how to grow peonies. Everything from soil conditions to USDA zones to ants and including how and when to cut a peony bouquet.


text:
Audio branding—can it really be achieved?
Distinctive product design, colours and logos have been used to help brand recognition for a long time. Now some companies are trying to appeal to our hearing as a stimulator and brand identifier. How are they succeeding?
Audiovisual media, particularly films and TV series, are an enormously important vehicle for manufacturers to gain widespread brand recognition.
Visual branding predominates
Visible brand cues abound. We all know how car makers are competing to place their products in films, how film heroes glance at their watches with the manufacturer's logo clearly visible, how drinks are served from bottles with the labels in plain sight.
Yet, some studies suggest that sound is between 75 and 90% more important than pictures or words. Because sound links directly to both the rational and emotional sides of our brain, many high-visibility brands have tried to capitalise on this finding. So far, their success has been varying.
Audio branding must combine technology and marketing
Product-related sound effects, jingles and audio signatures have been around for a while, but being an attempt to artificially connect a certain sound with the brand, they do not represent a genuine brand sound. That is why I'm leaving them outside of the scope of this article.
What I'm talking about is sound that comes from the product itself or its use.
While the sound of opening a beer can, for example, is a definite audio cue, it is only generic. The sound doesn't evoke a mental image of a certain beer, it's just beer. Or it could be a soft drink, for that matter, the listener cannot hear the difference. Similarly, the snap of the safety lid of a soup jar, while distinctly related to a certain product group, cannot be associated with any one brand of soup.
Mobile phone manufacturers have tried to establish an audio presence in our minds by installing clearly recognisable, unique ringtones as default in their handsets. Yet these can be changed by the users, and many do so, after which the uniqueness is gone.
Harley-Davidson has calibrated its engine tone to become a trademark. They litigated for seven years to copyright the sound—although with no success in the end. Ford is busy developing hallmark sounds: a distinctive thud of a car door when being closed, unique warning chimes and even digitising the sound of a '68 Mustang and using it to tune the new Mustang's exhaust system to produce exactly the same sound as in the film Bullitt.
Steps in the right direction
These are clearly steps in the right direction, although I must say I'm a little sceptical about the man-in-the-street being able to distinguish the sound of a Mustang passing by from any other vehicle with a similar type of engine. Associating the thud of a closing car door with a certain make of car is even more difficult.
There are, however, some brands that are closer to the goal than others. Take Subaru cars, for example. The boxer engine used on them has a distinct sound that doesn't require a trained ear to be distinguished from inline or V engines. Then again, all boxer engines probably sound pretty much the same.
Having done a quick mental "brand sound search" in my brain, the product that comes closest to really owning a particular sound is the flip-top Zippo lighter. Intentionally or purely by chance, its mechanism makes an unmistakable sound. When you are watching an American film the next time, pay attention. What is particularly ingenious about this is that the product does not even have to be in sight.
Can you think of any other products that can identify themselves by making a unique sound? Please share. Click on the comment link below and fire away.
Sources: The Sound of a Brand, Business Week; Building Brand Value Through the Strategic Use of Sound, AIGA
Follow-up: Audio branding—the sequel


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This article aims to explore strategies for effective physician integration within hospitals and health systems. The article provides definitional context to physician integration, rationale for physician integration, various models for integration and examples of application for practitioners' consideration. More research should be conducted on the most effective approach to physician integration.
What is physician integration?
The literature providers voluminous examples regarding what health systems are doing to integrate physicians. However, very little attention has been dedicated to establishing a widely accepted definition of physician integration. For sake of simplicity, physician integration refers to a relationship between physicians and health systems. In essence, physician integration is a formal arrangement that brings physicians and health systems together under an agreed upon framework to accomplish shared goals and objectives.
Why is physician integration important?
Physician integration is not a new concept. Recent data suggests that hospitals and physicians represent more than 50 per cent of all healthcare expenditures. However, physicians exert significant influence over health system finances by determining which patients are referred to the hospital, which services their patients will receive at the hospital and the duration of the patient's hospitalisation. Cognizant of physicians' influence, health systems have experimented with physician integration efforts since the 1990s, with mixed results. At that time, hospitals were structured in a manner that insulated physicians from hospitals financial and market position. In today's environment, amid economic changes, shifting payment models and healthcare reform, health systems are ramping up their efforts to integrate physicians within their organisational structures to drive high performance in areas of quality, access, safety, cost effectiveness and patient experience.
What does physician integration look like?
Physician integration arrangements can take on various forms. Further, there is no 'one size fits all' solution. The literature features the following integration models:
1) Technology solutions
2) Contractual arrangements
3) Joint ventures
4) Direct employment
How does it work?
The mechanics of physician integration depends on the model selected and implemented. The aforementioned models work as follows:
Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) support – In scenarios where health systems have relationships with non-employed physicians, an effective way to align them is through partial subsidisation of EMR systems for private practices. Under this approach, health systems and non-employed physicians are aligned on improving patient care.
Contractual arrangements – Depending on the health systems strategic objectives and market position, a contractual arrangement may be a better approach to integrate physicians. Contractual options include, but are not limited to, the following:
1) Professional service agreements
2) Physician hospital organisations
3) Co-management agreements
4) Management service organisations
5) Clinically integrated networks
Joint Ventures – This arrangement entails a financial investment from physicians and health systems to own and operate facilities. A common example of joint venture arrangements is ambulatory surgery centers. However, there are inherent risks to this arrangement. If the endeavor is profitable, each investor receives a financial return in accordance with their ratio of investment. If the endeavor is unprofitable, each investor is exposed to financial losses.
Direct employment – Under the employment approach, physicians become direct employees of the health system. This can happen in a variety of ways. Physicians can become employees as new graduates, transfers from other health systems or private practices, or practice acquisition. Physicians seek employment with health systems in return for stable income, other benefits such as medical malpractice coverage and participation in organisational decision-making.
What are today's health systems doing?
Given that all healthcare markets have employed and non-employed physicians, health systems are taking a hybrid approach to physician integration. The hybrid model comprises any combination of integration methods that position health systems for high performance in areas of quality, access, cost effectiveness, safety and patient experience. Examples are provided below.
Health System A is located in a very competitive market and has a strong financial position. The health system employs physicians. Further, a significant number of non-employed physicians are on the health system's medical staff. To maximise physician integration, the health system established a clinically integrated network for loyal non-employed physicians, while simultaneously managing its employed physicians through a fully-owned subsidiary, multi-specialty medical group. The health system deemed this approach to be the appropriate organisational configuration to achieve its strategic goals and objectives.
Health System B is located in a rural area and generates a slight profit every year. The nearest health system is located 75 miles away. Majority of the area's physicians are non-employed and work in private practices. However, these physicians are members of the health system's medical staff and refer all their patients to the health system for services as needed. To further align with community physicians, the health system established a clinically integrated network. In response to community need for certain services, and limited financial resources, the health systems established co-management agreements with key non-employed specialists who anchor specific service lines. Lastly, the health system partnered with non-employed physicians via joint venture to build an ambulatory surgical center.
Each example represents a complex health system faced with different market realities. In each case, the health system pursued a combination of physician integrations that positioned it best for success in its geographic service area.
As the healthcare industry shifts from volume to value-based reimbursement, health systems continue to explore effective methods of physician integration to achieve competitive advantage in their respective service areas. This article presents the definition of physician integration, rationale for physician integration, models of physician integration and examples of physician integration in practice. As the article highlights, physicians are key stakeholders in the healthcare industry. And, health systems are heavily dependent on physician referrals, physician usage of their hospitals and equipment, and physician input on decision-making on clinical processes and procedures. Proactive health systems are exploring creative approaches to integrate physicians within their organisational structure to secure competitive advantage and drive excellence in areas of quality, access, cost effectiveness, safety and patient experience. These health systems are primed for successful participation in value-based programs. Reactive health systems, on the other hand, should consider adoption of the physician integration options provided in this article. Otherwise, these health systems are at risk of losing their market and financial position in a value-based reimbursement environment.


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(Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos#119 (fb, BTS)) - Heindrich Von Wilhelm Innsbruck was born in the early 1800's. In 1840, he oversaw the construction of Hawk Eyrie in Switzerland, which became his personal castle. With his great intellect, he was able to create devices to prolong his life, and served as an aide to Count Otto Von Bismarck for most of Bismarck's life. By the 1940's, Innsbruck was in the service of Nazi Germany, and served as the head of all German military strategy.
(Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos#119) - On October 10, 1944, the Howling Commandos were sent to Hawk Eyrie to kill the reclusive Innsbruck, but Innsbruck's guards, led by Rudolph Kruuger, were able to defeat the Howlers. Kruuger brought the Howling Commandos before Innsbruck, who revealed to them the devices he had been using to prolong his life. Sgt. Fury attacked the Planner and his men, but the Planner brought him down with his laser gun, and ordered his men to imprison the Commandos so that he could use their bodies in his experiments.
However, the Howlers managed to escape their guards and returned to the Planner. While Sgt. Fury kept a gun on Innsbruck, "Izzy" Cohen was able to rewire the Planner's devices, and set his laboratory to explode. Unable to move, Innsbruck was apparently slain when Hawk Eyrie was blown apart by the explosion.
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text: In this work, nanoparticles of the metal fuel Zirconium (Zr) and nanoscale oxidizer BaCrO4 are synthesized considering their unique nanoparticle characteristics like mixing homogeneity and high surface/volume ratio. Using the synthesized fuel and oxidizer, the pyrotechnic mixture of Zr/BaCrO4 was developed under 4 different conditions and analyzed in terms of the thermal behavior and burning rate. In the synthesis stage, the oxidizer nanopowder BaCrO4 was developed through precipitating Barium Nitrate and Potassium Chromate in the presence of Dodecyl benzene sulfonate sodium (DBSS) stabilizer. Also, Zr nanopowder was prepared using direct reduction of Zr (NO3)2 by N2H2 and was coated by 4% Collodion. Then, the pyrotechnic mixture Zr/BaCrO4 was charged and pressed in the constructed combustion chamber. The burning rate of the mixture was captured by direct footage of the combustion process using digital cameras with 60 frame per second capability. The fastest burning occurs when both the fuel and the oxidizer are nano-scaled. Thermal behavior of the mixture was studied using the simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) machine within the temperature range of 25 to 1000 °C. Thermal analysis reveals that the decomposition temperature of Zr/BaCrO4 mixture in micron size is higher than that of the nano size mixture. However, the degree of destruction is lower. Increasing the concentration of nano-sized zirconium from 10 to 50% leads to a decrease in the decomposition temperature from 565 to 437 °C, while the pyrotechnic mixture destruction rate increases from 39% to over 63%.


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I've gone though the search and didn't quite find the answer I was looking for so I'll explain.
My growing conditions a SW window light in a room that stays 23-25°C day and night humidity is a constant 70%. The N. "Rebbecca Soper" is the only Nep affected all others are growing well. My "Rebbecca Soper" has three main growth points off of two vines that have lost all but 2-3 leaves. Though these vines have produced 6 basal shoots (3 Per vine) that are growing very well. Should I worry about the main vines dying back or remove the basals so they don't weaken the main vines. Or let the basals grow, and see if the main vines make it though with out any help. Granted if the basals are let to grow and the main vines do die the plant will still be impressive as the basals are putting on good growth rather quickly. In advance thanks for your input.


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The LNP_TEST function computes the Lomb Normalized Periodogram of two sample populations X and Y and tests the hypothesis that the populations represent a significant periodic signal against the hypothesis that they represent random noise.
LNP_TEST is based on the routine
fasper described in section 13.8 of Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing (Second Edition), published by Cambridge University Press, and is used by permission.
Result = LNP_TEST( X, Y [, /DOUBLE] [, HIFAC=scale_factor] [, JMAX=variable] [, OFAC=value] [, WK1=variable] [, WK2=variable] )
The result is a two-element vector containing the maximum peak in the Lomb Normalized Periodogram and its significance. The significance is a value in the interval [0.0, 1.0]; a small value indicates that a significant periodic signal is present.
An n-element integer, single-, or double-precision floating-point vector containing equally or unequally spaced time samples.
An n-element integer, single-, or double-precision floating-point vector containing amplitudes corresponding to Xi.
Set this keyword to force the computation to be done in double-precision arithmetic.
Use this keyword to specify the scale factor of the average Nyquist frequency. The default value is 1.
Use this keyword to specify a named variable that will contain the index of the maximum peak in the Lomb Normalized Periodogram.
Use this keyword to specify the oversampling factor. The default value is 4.
Use this keyword to specify a named variable that will contain a vector of increasing linear frequencies.
Use this keyword to specify a named variable that will contain a vector of values from the Lomb Normalized Periodogram corresponding to the frequencies in WK1.
This example tests the hypothesis that two sample, n-element populations X and Y represent a significant periodic signal against the hypothesis that they represent random noise:
; Define two n-element sample populations: X = [ 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, $ 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, $ 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 20.0, 22.0, $ 23.0, 24.0, 25.0, 26.0, 27.0, 28.0] Y = [ 0.69502, -0.70425, 0.20632, 0.77206, -2.08339, 0.97806, $ 1.77324, 2.34086, 0.91354, 2.04189, 0.53560, -2.05348, $ -0.76308, -0.84501, -0.06507, -0.12260, 1.83075, 1.41403, $ -0.26438, -0.48142, -0.50929, 0.01942, -1.29268, 0.29697] ; Test the hypothesis that X and Y represent a significant periodic ; signal against the hypothesis that they represent random noise: result = LNP_TEST(X, Y, WK1 = wk1, WK2 = wk2, JMAX = jmax) PRINT, result
The small value of the significance represents the possibility of a significant periodic signal. A larger number of samples for X and Y would produce a more conclusive result. WK1 and WK2 are both 48-element vectors containing linear frequencies and corresponding Lomb values, respectively. JMAX is the indexed location of the maximum Lomb value in WK2.
CTI_TEST, FV_TEST, KW_TEST, MD_TEST, R_TEST, RS_TEST, S_TEST, TM_TEST, XSQ_TEST


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 After the age of 50, the vast majority will ultimately be determined to have waterfalls. Waterfalls are the point at which the common glasslike focal point of the eyes gets obfuscated, causing vision weakness that can not be rectified by glasses or contact focal points. While generally an age-related condition, incidentally there are newborn children brought into the world with an inherent waterfall, and it's workable for youngsters to build up a waterfall identified with injury, injury, or disease.
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About The Author - Lida Logan
Lida Logan grew up in Bournemouth, the Isle of Wight and Devon with unconventional and resourceful parents.
After leaving home at seventeen for a bedsit in London and a typing job, she married early and had a son, Steve. In the mid-sixties she persuaded a small computer programming firm to train her as a computer programmer, and worked for 14 years in the computer industry in its early days.
In the'seventies she bought her own house which she and Steve shared with others as a co-operative household. This was the time when self-sufficiency was all the rage, and hoping to join the movement she moved to the country where for seventeen years she offered vegetarian bed and breakfast, grew vegetables, tried her hand at carpentry, sold vegetarian ready-meals, and taught vegetarian cookery and bread-making.
She met her second husband at a creative writing class in 1978, but although she had kept a journal since 1971, writing did not begin to play an important part in her life until 2002.
Since 1982 Lida has followed a spiritual path embracing Indian philosophy, as exemplified by the Bhagavad Gita, and also modern spiritual masters such as Eckhart Tolle, Thich Nhat Hanh and Byron Katie, and this is an essential part of her life.
Lida lives in North Norfolk with her husband and two grey cats.
a collage of four photos, including the author, the author's cottage, a buddha statue and a cat in a doorway


RESEARCHOF RAWMATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PARAMETERS OF POROUS GLASS-CERAMIC GRANULATED MATERIALS
2018;
: 39-45
1
Lviv Polytechnic National University
2
Lviv Polytechnic National University
3
Lviv Polytechnic National University
The analysis of varieties of clay feedstock from Yavoriv deposit was carried out. In the field, the conditions of natural occurrence of raw materials were studied. The results of thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed their mineralogical composition. The possible use of montmorillonitohlorite carbonate-containing clays from Yavoriv deposit in blending stockpiles of the glass-zeolite-clay fragment system to obtain porous glass-ceramic materials was examined. The optimal composition of a clay component content and temperature-time parameters for exposing the material to porosity were identified. Based on the developed blending stockpiles, the conditions for material granulation were studied. It has been determined that the presence of a clay component under investigation in blending stockpiles contributes to the process of material granulation and to the increase of the strength of raw granules of different granulometric composition. The method for strength properties characterization of formed granules was suggested. The optimal conditions for exposing granulate to porosity were quantified experimentally.
Based on the obtained composition of weight and parameters of exposure to porosity, the granulated porous material with a volume weight of 0.29-0.33 g/cm3 was obtained under laboratory conditions. The porous properties of the material yielded were studied.

1. Demidovich B. K. Proizvodstvo i primenenie penostekla. - Minsk, 1972.
2. NIkItIn S. V. PoristI sklokristalIchnI materIali na osnovI prirodnoYi ta vtorinnoYi sirovini: avtoref. … kand.teh. nauk. - DnIpropetrovsk, 2014.
3. Fiziko-himicheskie osnovyi polucheniya poristyih materialov iz vulkanicheskih stekol / A. A. Krupa. - K.: Vischa shkola, 1978. - 136 s.
4. Pro mozhlivIst otrimannya poristih sklokristalIchnih materIalIv z vikoristannyam boyu vIkonnogo skla ta legkoplavkih glin / Ya. I. BIliy, Ya. I. Koltsova, S. V. NIkItIn // VIsnik NTU "HPI". - 2012. - № 48 (954). - (SerIya: HImIya, hImIchna tehnologIya ta ekologIya).- S. 138 - 146.
5. Semegen R. I. Legkie zapolniteli dlya betonov iz tseolitsoderzhaschih porod Karpat: avtoref. … dis. kand. tehn. nauk. - Lvov, 1990.
6. Zonhiev M. M. Penosteklo na osnove stekloboya i gornyih porod s povyishennyim soderzhaniem kristallicheskih faz: avtoref. dis. … kand. tehn. nauk: 05.23.05 / M. M. Zonhiev; Vostochno-Sibirskiy Gos. tehnolog. un-t. - Ulan-Ude, 2009. - 33s.
7. Patent UA 115850 C2, 10.02.2017.
8 Patent na korisnu model № 76210 vId.25.12.12.
9. Gorshkov V. S., Timashev V. V., Savelev V. G. Metodyi fiziko-himicheskogo analiza vyazhuschih veschestv. - M.: Vyisshaya shkola, 1981.
10. Ivanova V. P., Kasatov B. K., Krasavina T. N., Rozinova E. L. Termicheskiy analiz mineralov i gornyih porod. - L.: Nedra, 1974.


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Qloudstat API enables developers to analyze and monitor access logs in Amazon S3, Amazon CloudFront, Amazon ELB, Google Cloud Storage and Rackspace CloudFiles (Akamai CDN). This API also let developers to choose between types of presentation for their statistics. The different formats include chart, timeline, table, and geographical map.
The following is a list of libraries from ProgrammableWeb's Library Directory that matched your search term. Although there many different interpretations of the word "library" among software developers, ProgrammableWeb adheres to a specific definition so as to clearly distinguish libraries from SDKs and frameworks in a way that will facilitate clean search results. In ProgrammableWeb's parlance, the term "library" is strictly used to describe a platform-specific software tool that, when installed, results in the provisioning a specific API. Conversely, SDKs are exclusively for consuming APIs and Frameworks are agnostic to specific APIs. If you think a library, SDK, API, or other asset is missing from our directory, be sure to check our guidelines for making contributions to ProgrammableWeb.


Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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From Middle English beleven, bileven, from Old English belīefan (to believe), from Proto-Germanic *bilaubijaną (to believe). Cognate with Scots beleve (to believe). Compare Old English ġelīefan (to be dear to; believe, trust), Old English ġelēafa (belief, faith, confidence, trust), Old English lēof ("dear, valued, beloved, pleasant, agreeable"; > English lief). Related also to North Frisian leauwjen (to believe), West Frisian leauwe (to believe), Dutch geloven (to believe), German glauben (to believe), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (galaubjan, to hold dear, valuable, or satisfactory, approve of, believe).
Alternative forms[edit]
believe (third-person singular simple present believes, present participle believing, simple past and past participle believed)
 1. (transitive) To accept as true, particularly without absolute certainty (i.e., as opposed to knowing)
 If you believe the numbers, you'll agree we need change.
 I believe there are faeries.
 I believe it might rain tomorrow.
 (Here, the speaker merely accepts the accuracy of the conditional.)
 - 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Luke 1:1:
 2. (transitive) To accept that someone is telling the truth.
 Why did I ever believe you?
 3. (intransitive) To have religious faith; to believe in a greater truth.
 After that night in the church, I believed.
Usage notes[edit]
 - The transitive verb believe and the phrasal verb believe in are similar but can have very different implications.
 - To "believe" someone or something means to accept specific pieces of information as truth: believe the news, believe the lead witness. To "believe a complete stranger" means to accept a stranger's story with little evidence.
 - To "believe in" someone or something means to hold confidence and trust in that person or concept: believe in liberty, believe in God. To "believe in one's fellow man" means to place trust and confidence in mankind.
 - Meanings sometimes overlap. To believe in a religious text would also require affirming the truth of at least the major tenets. To believe a religious text might likewise imply placing one's confidence and trust in it, in addition to accepting its statements as facts.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Most common English words before 1923 in Project Gutenberg: kind · form · hundred · #280: believe · white · means · thus
 1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of believen


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Drag queening for the birds say Spanish boffins
Priscilla, Queen of the Raptors
Fetch out the sequins: Spanish biologists working in western France have explained a curious characteristic of a bird called the marsh harrier: some males "dress" as females in their permanent plumage to win chicks and territory.
The boffins, led by Audrey Sternalski of the Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cingeticos in Ciudad Real, say that the female-coloured male harriers are able to avoid copping the aggression that's typical of males defending their territory.
The researchers set up decoy birds with three plumage styles: the grey of the male, the brown-and-white of the female, and the imperfect mimicked plumage of the "she-male". They found that aggressive males focused on attacking decoys that were typically male, making less effort to try and drive the other two off their territory.
This, they argue in a paper published in the Royal Society's Biology Letters, gives the males-in-female-plumage a chance to cozy up to females without being driven away by jealous males. It also means they can seek out new feeding territories with less chance of having to do battle with the incumbent.
They also found that the "drag queen" marsh harriers would take their act to extremes, even attacking the female decoys rather than the males.
AFP says only one other bird has a similar "transvestite" trick up its sleeve – the wader Philomachus pugnax. ®