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These tables are categorized as comprehensive land claim negotiations because they have the dual focus of bringing clarity to Aboriginal rights and implementing the historic Peace and Friendship Treaties of 1760–1761. The negotiated agreements will honour historic treaty rights. For more information on these tables, please visit the negotiations table update.
In September 2008, the Mi'gmaq of Québec, the Province of Québec and Canada signed the Niganita'suatas'gl Ilsutagann Agreement (NI). The NI is an Umbrella Agreement which establishes a results-oriented process to discuss issues of mutual concern with a view of reaching a Framework Agreement. In June 2012, the parties signed a Consultation Agreement which establishes a streamlined, one-window process through which federal and provincial governments can consult the Mi'gmaq in Québec.
The Mi'gmag and Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet) of New Brunswick, the Province of New Brunswick and Canada signed the Mi'gmag Wolastoqiyik/New Brunswick/Canada Umbrella Agreement on September 9, 2011. This Agreement establishes an effective and orderly process to help guide discussions among the parties towards the conclusion of a Framework Agreement on Aboriginal and treaty rights and self-government and a Consultation Agreement.
In December 2007, the Mi'kmaq of Prince Edward Island, the Province of Prince Edward Island and Canada signed a Partnership Agreement, which strengthened their relationship and established a tripartite process to address issues of mutual concern such as education, health, child and family services, justice and economic development. In August 2012, the parties signed a Consultation Agreement which establishes a streamlined, one-window process through which federal and provincial governments can consult the Mi'kmaq of Prince Edward Island.
The Mi'kmaq of Nova Scotia, the Province of Nova Scotia and Canada signed an Umbrella Agreement on June 7, 2002, and a Framework Agreement on February 23, 2007. Through the Framework Agreement, the parties have agreed to enter into a negotiation process which provides a constructive and practical way of addressing the treaty and Aboriginal rights and title of the Mi'kmaq of Nova Scotia. The parties are currently negotiating an Agreement-in-Principle and discussions are in progress on issues including wildlife, lands, governance and National Parks.
On August 31, 2010, the parties also signed the Terms of Reference for a Mi'kmaq-Nova Scotia-Canada Consultation Process. This Agreement streamlines and facilitates consultation by establishing an orderly process for Crown consultations with the thirteen Mi'kmaq First Nations.


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Fulcrum receives the location information from the device. The location information provided by the device can come from either an internal GPS chip or an external GPS receiver that has been paired with the device. Devices that do not have a dedicated GPS chip, like the Wifi-only iPads, will need to be connected to a network or an external GPS receiver to obtain their location.
Typical GPS chips that are found in modern mobile devices will offer a 3 meter accuracy. Most of these devices will have what is called A-GPS or Assisted-GPS. Without going into great detail about how this works, what this means is that the device will be able to acquire it's location faster when it is connected to a cellular network.
When you are using Fulcrum offline, in a disconnected environment, your device will still be able to acquire its location, but it will take some time before it is able to figure out where it is.
External GPS devices that can be paired with a mobile device should work in Fulcrum. These devices can have a wide range of accuracy. Some of these devices will have the same claimed accuracy as the internal GPS chip, but offer a little more reliable location information, while others will have much greater accuracy. At the bottom of this page, you will find links to some blog articles on the subject.
One thing to note is that Fulcrum does not directly integrate with any external GPS device; instead, the external GPS device provides its location information to the mobile device and the mobile device provides Fulcrum with the location information. Depending on the device, you may find that some of the Raw GPS data that the device creates does not make it's way into the Raw GPS data that Fulcrum captures.
Lastly, some GPS devices will only provide claimed accuracy if they are paired with a device and used with their app on the mobile device. It would be best to verify with the manufacturer that their device can be used with third party apps.
Note for Android Users: In order to use an external GPS device with Fulcrum you will need to follow certain steps to enable 'mock GPS location.' More information can be found on this on the external GPS device page.
Blogs of Interest -

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Accurate free and forced rotational motions of rigid Venus
Observatoire de Paris, Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), CNRS/UMR8630, Paris, France e-mail: _EMAIL_
Accepted: 27 February 2010
Context. The precise and accurate modelling of a terrestrial planet like Venus is an exciting and challenging topic, all the more interesting because it can be compared with that of Earth for which such a modelling has already been achieved at the milli-arcsecond level.
Aims. We aim to complete a previous study, by determining the polhody at the milli-arcsecond level, i.e. the torque-free motion of the angular momentum axis of a rigid Venus in a body-fixed frame, as well as the nutation of its third axis of figure in space, which is fundamental from an observational point of view.
Methods. We use the same theoretical framework as Kinoshita (1977, Celest. Mech., 15, 277) did to determine the precession-nutation motion of a rigid Earth. It is based on a representation of the rotation of a rigid Venus, with the help of Andoyer variables and a set of canonical equations in Hamiltonian formalism.
Results. In a first part we computed the polhody, we showed that this motion is highly elliptical, with a very long period of 525 cy compared with 430 d for the Earth. This is due to the very small dynamical flattening of Venus in comparison with our planet. In a second part we precisely computed the Oppolzer terms, which allow us to represent the motion in space of the third Venus figure axis with respect to the Venus angular momentum axis under the influence of the solar gravitational torque. We determined the corresponding tables of the nutation coefficients of the third figure axis both in longitude and in obliquity due to the Sun, which are of the same order of amplitude as for the Earth. We showed that the nutation coefficients for the third figure axis are significantly different from those of the angular momentum axis on the contrary of the Earth. Our analytical results have been validated by a numerical integration, which revealed the indirect planetary effects.
Key words: planets and satellites: individual: Venus / celestial mechanics
© ESO, 2010

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


We're building an extended investigation scene! In Part 1, I talked about how to break down the investigation items into things the heroes must learn, and things the heroes might learn. In Part 2, I talked about the work to support the GM: ensuring your investigation meets your XP and treasure budget, and the best order to present things to make it easier on the GM. Now, we're getting to how to present things for the players.
This is the step that takes the longest, because it involves the actual writing.
Remember you've got several encounters and arrows showing how they connect. The next thing to think about is just how, mechanically, they connect. Generally, there are a few ways that characters in a scene can get the next clue, and I'm about to break these down. You should mix-and-match these in your investigation; using each one at least once makes for a lot of variety. But not all are equally good; I'm putting a green-yellow-red label on each.
It's Just There (Yellow)
Here, the heroes enter an encounter and don't have to do anything at all to know how to get to the next encounter. For example, they enter the common room of the inn where someone was killed and the door to the stable is mysteriously left open, or they enter the palace kitchen and the head cook starts talking about the king's creepy advisor. Those all tell the heroes what they can do next. This is yellow because, when overused, it makes the investigation seem too easy.
Environment Interaction (Green)
The characters must do something in an encounter to learn how to get to another encounter. For example, they must search a murder victim's pockets, look through a keyhole, pay off a watchful beggar, or ask someone present about a topic. No skill check is required to learn the way to the next clue, although a successful skill check (or spell or ability use, like speak with animals or speak with dead) might give extra information to make the heroes better prepared.
The environment can respond to the character interaction, such as by triggering a trap someone left behind, or even a fight with a lurking enemy—for these, look to the A Fight! option.
This is green because it forces the players to interact with the encounter in a way that feels like they're actually investigating, but doesn't get blocked by a lack of skills or abilities.
Character Skills (Yellow)
The characters have to interact with the encounter in some way and succeed at a skill check (or expend some ability) to learn the way to the next encounter. If no one succeeds at the skill check, this is a dead end. Maybe they find some tracks, and a successful Survival check tells them the track has horse dung from the stable. Perhaps they find a dropped sigil and need to make a Society check to learn it comes from the town messenger's guild.
This is yellow because too many of these locks advancement behind a "skill wall," and not all parties can get over this wall! They might lack the right skill, have already expended the best resource to succeed at it, or just have bad luck rolling. None of these are their fault, and none of these should bring the investigation grinding to a halt. Remember how you drew a web of connections between your encounters? If every connection to a particular encounter has a "skill wall" like this, some players might never reach it! That's bad. You should have no more than one skill wall leading to a particular encounter. Work to turn the rest into the prior option, where the characters must interact with the environment, but don't need to make any kind of check. They might still use the skill to gain some additional information, as described there.
A Fight! (Green)
Characters getting into this situation end up in a fight, and once they win the next clue prevents itself. The person they just fought might have a note or map or other half of something the heroes found earlier, or someone might surrender and give up the information if defeated. (It's good practice to have both, actually, in case a well-timed critical hit kills the foe before they can surrender.) Winning the fight could expose the clue in some other way, like convincing an NPC to open up to the heroes because they've proven their mettle or taken care of someone the NPC feared or hated.
Although fights are a classic element, this might also include a trap or something else the rules assume the heroes will eventually win, like a verbal duel, a starship combat, or something else specific to the game.
These are helpful in adventure design because you can "double up" on experience the party gains: they get the usual amount for defeating the foe, and whatever amount you've decided is appropriate for finding the clue. For this reason, fights during investigation encounters can err on the easy side, and need not be life-or-death struggles. They might even be so easy that they wouldn't normally grant XP at all, but simply allow the heroes to show off how tough they are to gain the clue leading to the next encounter.
This option is green because winning fights are something parties can reliably do over and over. I suppose this is technically a "fight wall" like a "skill wall" that bad luck might prevent the heroes from overcoming but, frankly, if they all lose a fight they have much bigger things to worry about than whether the investigation can proceed.
Capture Someone (Red)
This encounter requires that the heroes capture someone (or something that's animate) to learn the way to the next encounter. This is red because it's often hard to guarantee this: some heroes are likely to be slow or clumsy, and the ones that are faster might roll badly or the person they need to capture might roll really well. Players might decide to make an attack, and the number of critical hits that come from "I was just trying to knock him out, not kill him" are legendary. Capture encounters double up the risks of the "skill wall" and therefore should probably be avoided unless it's the path to a clue the heroes really don't need—and, in that case, maybe it doesn't belong in your investigation at all.
Within each of these options is a lot of variety, so mix and match them as you'd like!
Next up, a detailed example of an investigation that spans an entire adventure.


Person:Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln (1)
Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln
d.2 Jun 1258
Facts and Events
Name Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln
Gender Male
Birth[1] 1227 or 1230 Of Lincolnshire, England
Alt Birth? May 1227 Halton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England
Marriage May 1247 Woodstock, Oxfordshire, Englandto Alasia of Saluzzo
Death? 2 Jun 1258
Burial[4] Stanlow Abbey, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, England
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Edmund de Lacy (c._PHONE_) was the son of John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln. When his father died in 1240 he inherited his father's titles and lands which included Baron of Pontefract, Baron of Halton, Lord of Bowland, and Constable of Chester. As he was a minor his inheritance was held by him in wardship by his mother. Normally his inheritance would have been held in wardship until he reached the age of majority (21). However, Edmund was allowed to succeed his father at only 18 years of age. He was heir to his mother Margaret de Quincy and on her death would have inherited the Earldom of Lincoln that vested in her. (His father had only been Earl by rights of his wife.) As he predeceased his mother he never became the Earl of Lincoln.
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
 1. Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln, in Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. (Online: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.).
 2. Edmund de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln, in Lundy, Darryl. The Peerage: A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe.
 3. EDMUND (1230-2 Jun 1258, bur Stanlaw Abbey)., in Cawley, Charles. Medieval Lands: A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families.
 4. Edmund De Lacy, in Find A Grave.
Peerage of England
Ranulf de Blondeville
Fourth creation
John de Lacy, 1st Earl of Lincoln
(Fifth creation)
his father
2nd Earl of Lincoln
Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln
his son
Alice Plantagenet, 4th Countess of Lincoln
his grandaughter


text: Cold forging is a forming process below the recrystallizing temperature of the material, and it is forged below the recovery temperature. It is customary to call the forging of unheated blank cold forging in production. Most of the cold forging materials are aluminum and some alloys, copper and some alloys, low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and low alloy structural steel with low deformation resistance and good plasticity at room temperature. Cold forgings have good surface quality and high dimensional accuracy, and can replace some cutting. Cold forging can strengthen the metal and improve the strength of the parts.


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Definition of Referred pain
Referred pain: Pain felt at a site other than where the cause is situated. An example is the pain from the pancreas, which is felt in the back. Pain in internal organs is often referred to sites distant from them. Mechanisms of referred pain are complex, and are related to innervations of organs by afferent pain fibers which following similar paths as the sympathetic nervous system.
Last Editorial Review: 9/20/2012
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text:
Filter child dashboards from a parent dashboard
You can embed child dashboards inside a parent dashboard, and filter them from the parent dashboard. For example, you have a dashboard and want to display it inside a parent dashboard. At the same time, you want to add a filter control on the parent dashboard that will allow users to filter data on the child dashboard.
3. Add a child dashboard
- Create a dashboard, or use an existing one.
- Add a viewParameter.
4. Add parent dashboard
- Create a new dashboard.
- Drag and drop the child dashboard to the dashboard canvas.
- Add a Member Filter. This will be used to filter the child dashboard.
- Setup the member filter and connect to the child dashboards' parameter.
If you used regular filters on the child dashboard, you can prevent them from displaying on the parent dashboard by ticking the Hide Parameter Controls checkbox.
5. See also


Genealogy Friday: 9 Reasons to Check Out Printed Family Histories
Printed family histories are a great place to start when you're stuck.
Many families have printed their family histories over the years. Some provide more detail and sources than others.
However, these can be a great resource. They may even help you to break a brick wall.
So why use printed family histories:51rgmhJO6uL._SX258_BO1,204,203,200_
 1. Family stories you may have never heard before
 2. For cluster genealogy
 3. To find missing relatives
 4. To go back farther in your line
 5. To discover what other researchers have done. Double check their sources, but this can save you a lot of time.
 6. To discover sources you never knew were available
 7. For family pictures you've never seen
 8. To discover the history of the family or clan
 9. To connect with other researchers on this line
How have printed family histories helped your genealogical journey?
Click here for my articles on the Positives and Negatives of Printed Family Histories


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TODAY'S TED TALK – How racism makes us sick
17:27 minutes · TEDMED 2016
Why does race matter so profoundly for health? David R. Williams developed a scale to measure the impact of discrimination on well-being, going beyond traditional measures like income and education to reveal how factors like implicit bias, residential segregation and negative stereotypes create and sustain inequality. In this eye-opening talk, Williams presents evidence for how racism is producing a rigged system — and offers hopeful examples of programs across the US that are working to dismantle discrimination. Watch now »
more videos below … ********
PLAYLIST OF THE DAY
Talks to help you understand racism in America
For black Americans, the far-reaching effects of racism are felt daily. From passionate pleas for reform to poetic turns of phrase, these speakers take an honest look at everyday realities and illuminate the way forward.
Watch » 9 talks · Total run time 1:57:47


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September 14th, 2011 | Caixin China's Bohai Sea Drowns in Discharged Waste
Oil from a recent spill blended with 30 years of waste dumped by cities and factories ringing the once-beautiful sea
A recent offshore oil spill has given China reason to pause for a close look at the filth floating in the Bohai Sea which, after eons of pristine beauty followed by three decades of intense pollution, is today seriously ill.
A map of polluted areas included in a 2008 Report on the Quality of the Marine Environment of the Bohai Sea, published by the State Oceanic Administration (SOA), still paints a depressing picture. It shows that the entire length of the Bohai shore, with the exception of a few sections near Hebei Province's South Qinhuangdao and Beidaihe, as well as Liaoning Province's Dalian, has been seriously polluted.
Moreover, the report described sea conditions long before last year's oil tank explosion and spill in the Dalian area, and crude oil started leaking from ConnocoPhillips drilling rigs in June.
As of 2005, according to other SOA reports, about 14 percent of Bohai's waters were polluted. The percentage had risen to 22 percent by 2010.
Tianjin, the biggest city on the sea, is both a contributor and victim of the contamination. SOA says more than 95 percent of the sea area off the city's shore are rated Grade IV – a classification given by scientists for seawater described as "generally offensive in color, smell and taste."
Recent efforts to clean up Bohai succeeded in reducing the total Grade IV section of the sea by half, after a peak of 6,120 square kilometers was reported in 2007. But the trend reversed in 2010, and the fouled area spread to 3,220 square kilometers.
The largest sections of polluted water in the Bohai Sea are in coastal areas that encompass fishing grounds, tourist areas and nature reserves, said Wang Shicheng, a former deputy director of the Shandong Province Ocean and Fisheries Department.
And 80 percent of the sea's pollution comes from land sources, including factories and city sewage plants, said Xia Qing, a researcher at the China Environmental Science Research Institute and head of the organizational group that drafted a Bohai Sea Environmental Master Plan.
It's a predicament that's closely tied to China's rapid, modern-day industrial development.
Scientists say the Bohai Sea has played the role of a "pollution sink" for a large swathe of modern China. About 45 rivers empty into the sea, and several major channels including the Haihe, Yellow and Liaohe rivers are major channels for manmade discharges including sewage.
Moreover, thousands of sewage outlets empty directly into the sea, including those for factories in industrial zones built in recent years in Shandong, Tianjin, Hebei and Liaoning. Many of these factories have been cited for high levels of pollution.
Overall, the amount of waste discharged into the sea greatly exceeds quotas set by environmental regulators. In 2008, for example, marine authorities who monitored 96 sewage outlets found 82 percent exceeded discharge standards. And in Shandong alone, they found 96 percent exceeded the standards.
Wang says environmental authorities have proposed forcing local companies to meet discharge standards. But questions about the standards themselves cloud this proposal. For example, separate discharge standards have been established for the steel, printing and papermaking industries.
"Environmental protection authorities think the pollution discharge situation is getting better and better," said Wang. "But marine authorities have found it to be getting worse and worse."
One proof of deteriorating conditions is the shrinkage of the heavily tapped Yellow River before it reaches the sea. The Yellow is the sea's most important river, but so little water winds up reaching the sea that salinity levels in the Bohai have risen to the point of seriously inhibiting fish spawning.
Another harmful consequence of sea pollution is eutrophication, which can lead to red tides. One such "micro-micro-flagellate" red tide algae bloom lasted from late May to early July in Hebei's Changli County.
This was the third consecutive year in which the county's seacoast experienced red tides, which halt development of young scallops and kill others.
By staff reporter Gong Jing


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What does BARU mean in Railroads?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand BARU in the Regional field in general and in the Railroads terminology in particular.
Find a translation for BARU in other languages:
Select another language:
What does BARU mean?
- Baru was an extinct genus of Australian mekosuchine crocodilian. It was semi-aquatic, around 4 m in length. Being semi-aquatic its habitat was around fresh pools of water in wet forests, ambushing their prey, much like modern species. The word Baru is Aboriginal and means "crocodile's ancestor". Fossils have been found in Australia at Riversleigh in north-western Queensland and Alcoota Station it the Northern Territory.


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Back when I was a Biology teacher one of my favourite lessons was to teach food chains, it gave us a really great opportunity to look at how the different animals in an environment work together and interact. I find it interesting that throughout the UK curriculum from year 2 food chains is a topic that appears regularly. With this week's theme for early elementary bloggers being Polar Animals and following on from the sharing activity we did yesterday with my youngest it seemed an ideal time to introduce food chains and look at the polar bear food chain.
- Can explain a simple food chain.
- Can name some different sources of food for animals.
- Can use food chains to identify producers, predators and prey. *This is from Key Stage 2 but we will be introducing the words now
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Polar Habitat Food Chain - Join our Hands-on Learning Newsletter and get this resource for FREE or you can purchase the set from our store.
Access to the internet or reference books on the environment for research purposes
Polar Bear Food Chain
Start off by explaining that you are going to investigate what Polar Bears eat and where their energy comes from. Explain that you can discover it by producing a food chain to show what they eat, what eats their prey and right at the start what the producer of the energy is.
Polar Bears are a great example of a simple food chain that early elementary children can investigate they are charismatic creatures and often featured on nature programmes that they may watch or in books. So start off with what they know about what they eat.
Our first was that they were carnivores because they had big teeth so they ate meat - what sort of meat seals was the easy part of my oldest, he's fascinated by nature programmes and was even able to name a couple of species of seal that he knew polar bears ate - Weddle seals and harp seals.
From there is became a little tricky - what did arctic seals eat? Over to the internet.
I took this as an opportunity to steer him towards sites that will give information to him rather than images - he started off by going to google - and putting in what do seals eat and then clicking on images as a quick way to find out what they did eat. I moved away from the image tab to ALL and pointed him to the Wikipedia entry as a good source (for the elementary level it's good as the information is easy to find and it's reasonably accurate).
We then looked for what they ate coming up with Arctic Char - which led us to finding out what Arctic Char ate and zooplankton which he hadn't heard of before - so this time we used the image tab to discover what they looked like. It's a good skill to teach children how to search on google effectively and when to use and not use the different tabs as well as filter out what sort of information is relevant.
With our food chain from polar bear to plankton complete, we then sat and wrote some sentences - he decided that today would be a list format instead of full sentences which worked for this as recording his findings.
Using the image sheet provided in the download we then cut out the animals and stuck them onto a display sheet to share our findings with arrows pointing toward who ate who.
Polar Resources to Extend the Learning
More Polar Animal Themed Early Elementary Activities
Penguin Addition to 100 with Hundreds Chart from Life Over C's
Polar Animals Facts Game from In the Playroom
How Do Penguins Stay Dry? from Raising Little Superheroes
Polar Bear Food Chains from Rainy Day Mum
Polar Bear Place Value Math Games from Sugar Aunts
Polar Bear Footprint Multiplication from Still Playing School
Arctic Animals Sight Words Game from 123 Homeschool 4 Me
Polar Animals True or False? from Sallie Borrink - Living and Learning Outside the Box
Polar Animal Pattern Activity for First Grade from Look! We're Learning!
Penguin Art Project from Preschool Powol Packets
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PagerStyles Methods
Contains settings that allow the ASPxPager's appearance to be defined.
Name Description
Assign(PropertiesBase) Copies the settings from the specified PropertiesBase object to the current object. Inherited from StylesBase.
CopyFrom(StylesBase) Duplicates the properties of the specified object into the current instance of the PagerStyles class.
CreateStyleCopyByName<T>(String) Creates and returns a copy of a style object with the specified name. Inherited from StylesBase.
Equals(Object, Object) static Determines whether the specified object instances are considered equal. Inherited from Object.
Equals(Object) Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. Inherited from Object.
GetHashCode() Serves as the default hash function. Inherited from Object.
GetType() Gets the Type of the current instance. Inherited from Object.
IsDefaultAppearanceEnabled() Specifies whether the control's default appearance is enabled. For internal use only, Inherited from StylesBase.
IsNative() Returns a value indicating whether the control is rendered as a native HTML control. Inherited from StylesBase.
MemberwiseClone() protected Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. Inherited from Object.
ReferenceEquals(Object, Object) static Determines whether the specified Object instances are the same instance. Inherited from Object.
Reset() Returns the PagerStyles object to its original state.
ToString() Returns the string that represents the current object. Inherited from StylesBase.
See Also


text:
Shooting from vehicles is unsafe, unethical, and in many instances illegal.
- In many states, it is illegal to hunt from any motorized vehicle, including ATVs; this includes molesting, stirring up, or driving any game animals or game birds with a motorized vehicle.
- It is illegal in some states to operate an ATV off the trail, or there may be trails specifically closed to ATV use.
- In many states, it is prohibited to operate an ATV off roads or trails in a manner that damages or disturbs the land, wildlife, or vegetation.
- Some states require that ATVs be equipped with approved and operating spark-arresting mufflers and that they comply with sound regulations.


text:
You have heard of name "lemongrass", haven't you?
So, what is the lemongrass? Is Lemongrass same as a Lemon? The answer is definitely No! It is a completely different species from the lemon. Well, why do we call it the lemongrass? The reason is simple, because it contains citral a major flavor component of lemon. the plant has the fresh fragrance of the lemon. This flavor is used in a variety of dishes. For example, teas, soups and curries, especially, it is essential to make Asian food and Caribbean food. The plant is used not only in food, but also aromatherapy and the production of citronella oil to get rid of insects. Lemongrass has a high utility value so, in this article, I will try to explore the secrets of this plant that have benefits to your lives!
What is the lemongrass?
Lemongrass is the common name for the plant Cymbopogon citratus in the Poaceae family, a tall perennial grass that can reach a height of 2m, and looks like Miscanthus sinensis (Japanese pampas grass) but has fragrant leaves and stalks. It grows in tropical or subtropical climates, and is native to India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Thailand. In India it is used in Ayurveda which is traditional system of medicine.
Although lemon grass is a familiar plant in the form of small trimmed stems or dried fragments, many people do not know the appearance of whole lemongrass which is such a huge plant and is not sold whole in stores. Most of the dry lemon grass (picture 1) being sold in shops has been cut thinly. Only the stem and leaf bases are sold fresh. In addition, the part of the stem that looks like a spring onion is very hard, can you imagine?
How can it involved in our lives?
Lemon grass is said to be energising, to refresh the concentration and to promote digestion. It is also reputed to have bactericidal action and help cure athlete's foot and acne.
As using the lemongrass in a Spicy food, such as Asian dishes and Caribbean dishes, it works putting the scent or smelling off. Especially it is grate with chicken, fish and seafood. Basically, you cannot not eat itself.
Lemon grass with action to promote the digestion is perfect herbal tea after a meal.
This time, I made one of the world's three major soups, Tom Yum Goong which is Thai food, and lemon grass tea.
So, I would like to introduce the recipe.
How to make Lemongrass Soup (Tom yum kung!)
Firstly, I tell you the ingredients that you should prepare.
Please refer to the following.
-2 Large Prawns
-120g Bamboo shoot
-80g Peeled Onion
-2 teaspoons Red peppers
-8g Sergia lucens (small prawns)
-16g Grated garlic
-16g Grated ginger
-2 tablespoons fish sauce
-2 teaspoons Chicken stock cube
-3 Lemon grass shoots
Let's start cooking!
② Heat the oil in a frying pan. When just cooked, remove the prawns.
③ Add the oil and (A), and fry until nicely browned and cooked through.
④ Add (B), mix together and cook. Then add the mushrooms and bamboo shoots.
⑤Finally, add (C) and boil until it is properly cooked. Then dish out into a bowl and top it with the broiled prawns.
Now, I hope that you have been more and more fascinated by the power of lemon grass! Why don't you try lemongrass?
Anon. Cymbopogon. Wikipedia (accessed 6th February 2015)
Anon. Lemon Grass. PlantVillage 2.0 (accessed 6th February 2015)
Sigma Aldrich. Lemongrass. Plant Profiler (accessed 6th February 2015)


Hope, Higher Energy, Healing
By Seamus Anthony
Successful people attract people to them because their story gives people hope that they too can be successful, whatever success means to them.
Higher Energy
People are attracted to the higher vibrations of successful people like moths to a flame. It is the energy that attracts them; they want to draw on this energy for themselves. They usually do not consciously know why they are attracted to successful people, but this is why: they want bask in that the Higher Energy that the successful person gives off, they want to soak it up for themselves. When the crowd goes to see the famous figure live, when they tune in to the TV to watch a celebrity being interviewed or when they read a success story it is pure energetic self-interest.
Self-interest explains away almost all of human behaviour, good or bad.
Tuning into this Higher Energy heals people's wounds. And, via art (music, poetry, paintings, movies, etc) the expression of pain, conflict and difficult emotions (in the art) helps people to acknowledge and identify with their own emotional baggage.
Knowing and relating to other people's pain helps us to feel better about our own lives. And for many of us, the different art forms, music especially, helps us to heal by expressing what we don't fully know how to self-express.
Feel free to slurp on the higher energy in my new music video, Monkey Mind…
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text:
CUMBERLAND, Ohio — One of the world's largest wildlife conservation centers, The Wilds, is nestled among the rolling hills of southeastern Ohio's Muskingum County. What makes this 10,000-acre safari park and conservation center unique is its location, on top of 14 square miles of reclaimed surface mined lands.
It's on this reclaimed landscape that USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service and The Wilds have partnered together on a grasslands prairie project through a three-year Conservation Innovation Grant.
This national conservation grant focuses on developing and adopting innovative conservation technologies and approaches. The grant is administered through NRCS and funded through the agency's Environmental Quality Incentives Program.
Reclaiming the land
There are an estimated 700,000 acres of previously mined land in Ohio, according to the Ohio Division of Natural Resources. This demonstrates the potential for innovative land management approaches on reclaimed mine lands, such as those being implemented at The Wilds conservation center.
At The Wilds, more than 90 percent of the land was surface mined for coal. Today, the grasslands and forested areas of the park are in varied stages of restoration and reclamation. There are an estimated 125 lakes on the property, along with about 164 acres of wetlands.
"We essentially have a 10,000-acre living laboratory," says Shana Byrd, Restoration Ecology Program director for The Wilds. "This is a landscape that is still in recovery and will be for some time."
Conservation and grazing
Part of The Wilds living laboratory is a multi-use sustainable prairie project funded through NRCS's CIG. A goal of the 60-acre project is to demonstrate how a combination of warm season and cool season grasses can be successfully incorporated into a productive rotational grazing system, while allowing for the potential to expand grazing seasons for livestock.
"The project explores using prairies for grazing, biomass production, increasing soil fertility, and improving wildlife habitat with the hope that it will serve as a model for area farmers," Byrd says.
Conservation practices being evaluated are land preparation, use, and management, including no-till planting, tilled planting, no-till planting combined with grazing using bison, and sub-soiling with tilling.
The project's mix of prairie plant species were selected for their adaptability to marginal lands. Plant species were chosen based on suitability for livestock grazing such as big blue stem, Indian grass, switchgrass and eastern gamma grass.
Some of the prairie's flowering plants suitable for wildlife habitat and pollinators are purple coneflower, black-eyed Susan and wild bergamot.
"We've seen increases in biodiversity, not only in the number of desirable plant species, but also in diversity of pollinators as well as small mammals," Byrd says.
Plants species were also selected for their ability to rebuild soils through extensive root systems which can also increase soil productivity. "Equally important, the plants have the ability to store carbon," says Byrd. "The grass shoots can also serve as feed-stock for bio-energy as these markets develop, which could provide additional income opportunities for farmers in the future.
"Incorporating a prairie crop can allow more options for farmers to regenerate soil and support biodiversity, while also earning income from biomass harvest and grass-fed livestock production."
Taking it to the people
NRCS field office personnel working one-on-one with farmers on marginal lands can benefit from the conservation technologies and approaches learned and developed from the CIG's prairie project.
"This shows even the landowner with soils that have limited production capacity some options for producing quality forages," says Mark DeBrock, state biologist with NRCS in Columbus.
Not only does the prairie project have the potential to benefit farmers, Byrd says programs such as NRCS' CIG, help The Wilds meet their mission of advancing conservation through science, education and hands-on experiences.
The Wilds is a popular tourist attraction and education center with more than 100,000 people visiting last year. Whether visitors are taking an open-air safari tour to view southern white rhinoceros and cheetahs or exploring a diverse butterfly habitat, visitors are also learning about conservation education and creating healthy landscapes.
Since 1935, NRCS's nationwide conservation delivery system works with private landowners to put conservation on the ground based on specific, local conservation needs, while accommodating State and national interests.
To learn more about NRCS's programs and how they can benefit you and your natural resources, visit us on the web at _URL_.
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Up-to-date agriculture news in your inbox!


First edition of Yeats poem auctioned in Dublin, Ireland
Posted: Sunday, October 26, 2008
DUBLIN, Ireland - A terrible beauty has been sold.
A rare first edition of one of William Butler Yeats' most political poems, "Easter 1916," was sold Wednesday at Adam's auctioneers in central Dublin to an anonymous bidder for $9,600 - roughly double the forecast price.
Auction house director David Britton said the original copy of the poem - one of just three known to exist worldwide - received exceptional interest from bidders because it appealed to enthusiasts both of Yeats and of Ireland's independence struggle from Britain.
Yeats wrote the poem in the months following the Easter rebellion of 1916, when guerrillas seized key Dublin government buildings for a week before surrendering to British forces.
The poet distributed only 25 copies of the work at first, for fear that wider publication might stir violence. Just three copies are known to remain today; the other two are in the National Library in Dublin and the British Library in London.
The Dublin public initially condemned the rebels for bringing ruin to the capital but turned fiercely anti-British when the rebellion's commanders were executed within days. A new wave of rebels eventually secured independence for the predominantly Catholic south of Ireland in 1922, then fought a self-destructive civil war over the terms of the treaty with Britain.
The poem reflects Yeats' own deep ambivalence to his countrymen's willingness to resort to violence against Britain. It also gives an insight into the far greater bloodshed that lay ahead.
Its most famous concluding lines lament that, through Britain's decision to put the rebel leaders to the firing squad, Irish hearts had been hardened beyond repair.
"Now and in time to be,
Wherever green is worn,
Are changed, changed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born."


text:
Sentence with word web. College students, spelling bee organizers, and people looking to increase their knowledge of English might especially enjoy this webpage. The lines of text below use web in a sentence, and provide visitors a sentence for web.
- As soon as he fancies himself seen, he sets to work spinning a web, and he discerns nothing else. (10)
- Every corner, drawer, photograph, paper was a thread in the long-spun web of his life in this house. (8)
- From this tangled web of heartless intrigue I turned my thoughts to Lady Jane herself. (6)
- Great ladies must they be, at the web of politics, for us to hear them cited discoursing. (10)
- He delighted in the dark web of intrigue, and believed himself to be no ordinary weaver of that sunless work. (10)
- He throve to the light of day, and she spun a silly web that meshed her in her intricacies. (10)
- If only he could burst out of himself, out of this web that for the first time in his life he felt around him. (8)
- Merthyr alone seconded her efforts to weave the web of converse, which is an armistice if not a treaty on these occasions. (10)
- She has him in some web. (10)
- She was fairly caught in the web of her foolish and presumptuous mistake! (8)
- So it was with Hilary in that special web wherein his spirit struggled, sunrise unto sunset, and by moonlight afterward. (8)
- They are the eyes of a spider in the centre of a great web. (8)
- What will not look beautiful contrasted with the fly in the web? (10)
Glad you visited this page with a sentence for web. Perhaps also see a sentence for wistfully and ways to use weltering in a sentence. Now that you've seen how to use web in a sentence hope you might explore the rest of this educational reference site Sentencefor.com to see many other example sentences which provide word usage information.


Generating a map from data array
A simple demonstration of creating a map from a numpy array of data.
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import astropy.units as u
from astropy.coordinates import SkyCoord
from sunpy.map import header_helper
from sunpy.coordinates import frames
import sunpy.map
Let's create some data
data = np.arange(0, 100).reshape(10, 10)
Next we need to create the metadata. This is made easier using the header_helper function which will create a header object for you. First define the reference coordinate which requires a time and an observer location.
coord = SkyCoord(0*u.arcsec, 0*u.arcsec, obstime='2013-10-28 08:24', observer='earth', frame=frames.Helioprojective)
Let's pass that into the helper function along with some parameters. The reference pixel is the pixel is the one at the reference coordinate. The scale sets the size of the pixels. You can also to set a number of other metadata as well such as the instrument name and wavelength.
header = sunpy.map.header_helper.make_fitswcs_header(data, coord,
 reference_pixel=[0, 0]*u.pixel,
 scale=[2, 2]*u.arcsec/u.pixel,
 telescope='Fake Telescope', instrument='UV detector',
 wavelength=1000*u.angstrom)
Let's now create our map.
manual_map = sunpy.map.Map(data, header)
Let's plot the result
fig = plt.figure()
manual_map.plot()
plt.show()
../../../_images/sphx_glr_map_from_numpy_array_001.png
Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 0.205 seconds)
Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery


In this episode, Zeinab Badawi travels to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Zambia to find out about the powerful kingdoms of southern Africa and their rulers from the 10th to 19th century, like the Mutapa kingdom that stretched across portions of eight modern-day southern African countries. We hear about one military ruler who repeatedly saw off Portuguese invaders, and we admire the incredible ruins of Great Zimbabwe, the largest stone settlement in Africa south of the Sahara. Foreign visitors could not believe that this towering civilisation dating from the 1100s was built by Africans. The reality is that Great Zimbabwe is the most striking example of the kingdoms that flourished in southern Africa.


text:
Encyclopedia - Creeping Barrage
Although considered as a battlefield tactic as early as 1915 (and initially deployed by Bulgarian artillerists during the Adrianople siege of March 1913) the so-called 'creeping barrage' was not actually deployed until August 1916 by the British (Sir Henry Horne) during the Battle of the Somme on the Western Front.
Until this point artillery barrages preceded infantry attacks for periods ranging from hours to days. Once the infantry attack began in earnest supporting artillery would typically be promptly switched against pre-determined secondary targets.
A creeping barrage however was designed so as to place a curtain of artillery fire just ahead of advancing infantry, a barrage which would constantly shift - or creep - forward directly ahead of attacking troops. The innovation was successful, although chiefly against sharply defined and localised targets. Subsequently the combined use of artillery, infantry, tanks and aircraft would greatly assist the efficacy of larger-scale breakthrough attacks.
French Commander-in-Chief Robert Nivelle placed over-reliance upon the merits of the creeping barrage as a primary form of attack during his disastrous Second Battle of the Aisne in April 1917, the failure of which led to widespread mutiny in the French Army.
Such a method of artillery fire necessarily required very careful planning by both artillery and infantry commanders, particularly with regard to timing if an army's own troops were not to be caught (or held back) by their own artillery barrage. As a rough rule of thumb a creeping barrage would progress at the rate of approximately 50 metres per minute once an attack began.
Variations upon the creeping barrage included the so-called 'fire waltz' whereby a hail of artillery fire would ravage a position and move onwards, only to then reverse course in order to catch defensive forces rushing to the devastated line.
A howitzer is any short cannon that delivers its shells in a high trajectory. The word is derived from an old German word for "catapult".
- Did you know?


text: Clinical supervisors have important, but perhaps poorly understood, roles involving quality assessment and improvement, and datekeeping. Supervisors provide evaluation and certification of trainees attesting to their qualifications to continue in their training and performance as mental health service providers. However, bias in supervisory evaluations is a pervasive problem as a training issue in professional psychology. Supervisors (n = 62) at APA-accredited clinical psychology internships estimated rates of leniency, central tendency, and strictness bias among supervisors in general and their own bias in evaluations and letters of reference. The implications of bias in supervisory evaluation are discussed. Potential steps to limit supervisors' bias and increase accountability are recommended.


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1. What exactly are the changes introduced by this new legislation?
The law made several additions to the Education Code sections dealing with the course of study, classroom instruction, and instructional materials.
The bill added language to Education Code Section 51204.5, which prescribes the inclusion of the contributions of various groups in the history of California and the United States. This section already included men and women and numerous ethnic groups; the expanded language now includes (additions bolded):
"...a study of the role and contributions of both men and women, Native Americans, African Americans, Mexican Americans, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, European Americans, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Americans, persons with disabilities, and members of other ethnic and cultural groups, to the economic, political, and social development of California and the United States of America, with particular emphasis on portraying the role of these groups in contemporary society."
The legislation also added some requirements with regard to instructional materials.
Education Code Section 51501 outlines prohibitions on material included in textbooks or other instructional materials. This section already included prohibitions on matter "reflecting adversely upon persons because of their race, sex, color, creed, handicap, national origin, or ancestry"; this bill added "sexual orientation" to the list. Education Code Section 60044 includes a similar prohibition; the language was added there as well, along with a prohibition on materials that contain materials that reflect adversely on persons on the basis of their occupation.
Education Code Section 60040 directs governing boards to only adopt instructional materials that "accurately portray the cultural and racial diversity of our society." That section already included a number of groups, and was amended to include all of those in Section 51204.5 as listed above. Finally, the legislation provides a reminder to charter and alternative schools that they are also prohibited in engaging in discrimination per Section 235 of the Education Code.
2. Does the law prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation?
Discrimination based on sexual orientation was already prohibited by Education Code Section 220 before Senate Bill 48 was passed. Districts are obligated to protect students from discriminatory harassment; see the CDE Duty to Protect Students Web page for more information. Senate Bill 48 emphasized that protection by reiterating in Education Code Section 51500 the ban on classroom instruction or other school activities that promote discrimination based on sexual orientation.
3. When does the law take effect?
The law takes effect on January 1, 2012.
4. What new instruction is required to be taught by this law? At which grade levels does this content have to be taught?
Instruction in history–social science should include the contributions of those groups listed above in Education Code Section 51204.5, but it is up to local districts to determine how the instructional content is included. That section applies to the course of study in grades one through twelve, but again it falls to the teacher and the local school and district administration to determine how the content is covered and at which grade level(s).
There are, of course, many places in the existing history–social science curriculum where the contributions of the groups covered in Section 51204.5 can be addressed. In the History–Social Science Content Standards for California Public Schools, Kindergarten through Grade Twelve, possible relevant areas include the California history standards in grade four, the United States history and geography standards in grade eleven, and the Principles of American Democracy standards in grade twelve.
5. Does this law change the California history–social science standards?
This law does not change the standards, nor does it include any authority for the State Board of Education (SBE) to change the standards to reflect the law's provisions. However, the content required by the law is not in conflict with the standards. The California content standards provide a description of what students are expected to know and be able to do at each grade level, but they are not intended to be a restrictive or exhaustive list of topics.
6. When can we expect textbooks that include the content required by the legislation?
Currently all SBE adoptions of kindergarten through grade eight instructional materials are suspended through July 1, 2015. A new adoption of history–social science instructional materials could only be initiated after that date.
Instructional materials for high schools are adopted at the local level by the governing board of a school district or other educational agency. The schedule for new adoptions is set by the local agency.
Districts may adopt supplemental instructional materials at any time, as long as those materials have undergone a review for social content (Education Code sections 60040–60045 and 60048). The CDE conducts social content reviews on an ongoing basis but a local agency may conduct that review itself at its discretion. More information about social content requirements can be found on the CDE's Curriculum Frameworks and Instructional Materials Web page.
7. How should school districts address questions and concerns from parents and other members of the community about this legislation?
As with any other district policy, school districts should be open and transparent in determining policies with regard to the implementation of this and any legislation. As noted in the answers above, the law provides a great deal of flexibility on how it is implemented. Education Code Section 35145.5 requires that local governing boards include opportunities for public participation in their regular meetings, subject to local regulations, to ensure the proper functioning of those meetings.
Education Code sections 51100–51102 outline the rights of parents and guardians to information, and support collaboration between parents and districts in the advancement of student educational goals. Those rights include the right to examine curriculum materials of classes in which their children are enrolled, and the right to meet with their child's teacher and/or principal.
Education Code Section 60002 states that, "Each district board shall provide for substantial teacher involvement in the selection of instructional materials and shall promote the involvement of parents and other members of the community in the selection of instructional materials."


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am completely new to regular expressions,and I am trying to create a regular expression in flex for a validation.
Using a regular expression, I am going to validate that the user input does NOT contain any white-space and consists of only characters and digits... starting with digit.
so far i have:
This correctly checks for user input to start with a character followed by a possible digit, but this does not check if there is white space...(in my tests if user input has a space this input will pass through validation - this is not desired) can someone tell me how I can modify this expression to ensure that user input with whitespace is flagged as invalid?
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 7 down vote accepted
You'll need to anchor the regex at the start and end of the string:
makes sure that not just a substring but the entire string is matched by the regex.
share|improve this answer
thanks!! the substring explanation helped a lot =) – Rees May 16 '10 at 20:48
Try "^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9]*$".
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In future go with the above link which will be very useful for you.
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Your Answer


The MediGO Solution
Built on a foundation of rigorous peer reviewed research, MediGO is a next-generation hardware and software platform designed to enhance organ transplantation through technology and communication.
Improving Efficiencies
There's no denying that organ transplantation is one of the greatest innovations of modern medicine. MediGO aims to advance the field even further through, innovative improvements in transporting lifesaving organs to safeguard donors and recipients, while avoiding waste of hospital time and resources.
MediGO provides all key stakeholders improved logistics and transparency around organ shipments so that they can focus on improving patient care.
MediGo: Keeping the community connected
MediGo Improving inefficiencies
Keeping the community
Peer reviewed data suggests that transplant stakeholders—including Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs), couriers, surgeons, and support teams—need to know where organs are and when they will arrive in order to optimize outcomes. This enhancement improves trust and knowledge within the transplant supply chain, and provides both accountability and transparency in a complex system.
MediGO allows all stakeholders to track organs in real-time and communicate with each other on a centralized platform. As a result, patients receive organs of known quality, surgeons can plan better, and hospitals waste less time and money.
MediGo Improving inefficiencies
Collecting data for future innovation
By bringing together the entire transplant community, MediGO is generating actionable data that provides vital statistical information allowing the transplant community to make better and more informed decisions in the future.
The information collected, including temperature, vibration, and environmental factors, are collected with the goal of informing organ quality and eventually recipient outcomes. Further, MediGO's unique approach creates an opportunity for open-source collaboration through high value data.
MediGo: Collecting data for future innovation
Request a Demo
MediGO has the potential to advance the entire transplantation field, from donors and families to surgeons and Organ Procurement Organizations. With full support of the community, we will generate the data necessary to inform critical research and better position the community for the future.


text:
A type is LessThanComparable if it is ordered: it must be possible to compare two objects of that type using operator<, and operator< must be a strict weak ordering relation.
|X||A type that is a model of LessThanComparable|
|x, y, z||Object of type X|
Consider the relation!(x < y) &&!(y < x). If this relation is transitive (that is, if!(x < y) &&!(y < x) &&!(y < z) &&!(z < y) implies!(x < z) &&!(z < x)), then it satisfies the mathematical definition of an equivalence relation. In this case, operator< is a strict weak ordering.
If operator< is a strict weak ordering, and if each equivalence class has only a single element, then operator< is a total ordering.
|Name||Expression||Type requirements||Return type|
|Less||x < y||Convertible to bool|
|Less||x < y||x and y are in the domain of <|
|Irreflexivity||x < x must be false.|
|Antisymmetry||x < y implies!(y < x) |
|Transitivity||x < y and y < z implies x < z |
 Only operator< is fundamental; the other inequality operators are essentially syntactic sugar.
 Antisymmetry is a theorem, not an axiom: it follows from irreflexivity and transitivity.
 Because of irreflexivity and transitivity, operator< always satisfies the definition of a partial ordering. The definition of a strict weak ordering is stricter, and the definition of a total ordering is stricter still.
Revised 05 December, 2006
|Copyright © 2000||Jeremy Siek, Univ.of Notre Dame (_EMAIL_)|
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at _URL_


text:
"In prehistoric Britain, fifty-six stone pillars stood in the outer circle of Stonehenge. In more recent times, the National War Memorial in Washington, erected after World War II, commemorates the dead with fifty-six pillars (also the number of signatures on the 1776 Declaration of Independence of the thirteen states). And in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, to commemorate the sixtieth anniversary of the People's Republic, fifty-six towering red columns were erected to represent the 'equal, united and harmonious' ethnic groups of China."
Excerpted from: Rogerson, Barnaby. Rogerson's Book of Numbers: The Culture of Numbers–from 1,001 Nights to the Seven Wonders of the World. New York: Picador, 2013.


text:
Saint Catherine Area (Hide)
The Orthodox Monastery of St Catherine stands at the foot of Mount Horeb where, the Old Testament records, Moses received the Tablets of the Law. The mountain is known and revered by Muslims as Jebel Musa. The entire area is sacred to three world religions: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. The Monastery, founded in the 6th century, is the oldest Christian monastery still in use for its initial function. Its walls and buildings of great significance to studies of Byzantine architecture and the Monastery houses outstanding collections of early Christian manuscripts and icons. The rugged mountainous landscape, containing numerous archaeological and religious sites and monuments, forms a perfect backdrop to the Monastery.


text:
Assessment and Measurement Doctoral Program
The application date for the fall semester is February 1. All application forms and support materials are due at this time for applicants seeking assistantship funding. Programs may require a criminal history check as part of the final admissions process.
- Completion of an advanced degree (M.A./M.S. or Ed.S.) in psychology, education, statistics or a related field.
- General GRE scores (verbal, quantitative and analytic writing).
- Statement of interest in the program and professional goals.
- Three letters of recommendation from professionals familiar with the applicant's academic work and relevant professional experiences.
- Transcripts from all undergraduate and graduate programs attended.
- A current professional vita or resume.
- Representative samples of professional writing.
- Personal interview.
The vision of the Doctor of Philosophy program in assessment and measurement at JMU is to establish and maintain a national reputation as a valuable resource in educational outcomes assessment and applied measurement. As such, the program will help meet the growing demand for quality assurance and program accountability. To attain this vision, the mission of the doctoral program is to:
- Provide training for its graduate students that combines rigorous, theory-based course work in assessment and measurement with extensive real-world assessment experiences. This training will prepare students to address the increasing external pressures for assessment data as well as the need for formative feedback for program development.
- Conduct high-quality scholarship that will significantly advance knowledge in the fields of assessment and applied measurement and promote more effective assessment methods.
- Provide, both for JMU and outside constituencies, valuable service activities that promote effective assessment practice and contribute to the professional well-being of the fields of assessment and measurement.
The focus of the assessment training in the Ph.D. program is on the design of program assessment strategies, identification of appropriate existing and/or construction of new assessment measures/methods, empirical analysis of aggregate data, appropriate use of assessment results, and effective communication of assessment to a variety of audiences. Moreover, with the extensive background in measurement theory provided, the graduates of this Ph.D. program are trained as experts in assessment, enabling them to enter the field equipped with a knowledge base that extends far beyond the pragmatic aspects of implementing assessment strategies. Although the program focuses on applications of assessment and measurement in higher education, students can apply many of the skills and knowledge gained in the program to assessment and measurement in K-12 education as well as to the health care and business sectors. Students are not trained to perform psychological assessment of individuals for clinical diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, as training in this concentration revolves around the design and improvement of methods to measure program effectiveness.
The Ph.D. program in assessment and measurement adheres to a practitioner-scientist, applied model of graduate training, built on a solid theoretical base in scientific psychology. The program integrates selected, major pedagogical foundations of psychology, assessment and applied experience. The training model is further designed to capitalize on the previous educational and professional experiences and training of incoming students to expand, strengthen and supplement these skills.
The program for a given student will consist of the 57 required hours plus any additional course work that the program faculty deems is needed to fulfill the foundational course work expectations.
Assessment and Measurement Doctoral Program Degree Requirements
Students complete course work in the following areas:
- Foundational graduate course work in psychology
- Research and inferential statistics
- Measurement theory
- Course work in at least two of the following areas: social psychology, cognitive psychology or student development
|Required Courses||Credit Hours|
|PSYC 604. Computer-Assisted Data Management||3|
|PSYC 608. Multivariate Statistics||3|
|PSYC 770. Assessment and Public Policy||3|
|PSYC 812. Assessment Methods and Instrument Design||3|
|PSYC 814. Performance Assessment||3|
|PSYC 816. Classical Test Theory and Generalizability Theory||3|
|PSYC 825. Doctoral Seminar (3 occasions; 1 credit hour per offering)||6|
|PSYC 855. Assessment and Consultation Practice||3|
|Two of the following four courses:||6|
|PSYC 830. Structural Equation Modeling|
|PSYC 832. Item Response Theory|
|PSYC 834. Computers and Testing|
|PSYC 836. Hierarchical Linear Modeling|
|Required Research Experiences:|
|PSYC 879. Doctoral Assessment Practicum||3|
|PSYC 900. Doctoral Dissertation||9|


text:
An excerpt from _URL_ archives copyright © 2000 - 2013
Origins Available: French, Scottish
Where did the French Lorey family come from? What is the French Lorey family crest and coat of arms? When did the Lorey family first arrive in the United States? Where did the various branches of the family go? What is the Lorey family history?The origins the old family name Lorey can be found within medieval France. While the patronymic and metronymic surnames, which are derived from the name of the father and mother respectively, are the most common form of a hereditary surname in France, occupational surnames also emerged during the late Middle Ages. Many people, such as the Lorey family, adopted the name of their occupation as their surname. However, an occupational name did not become a hereditary surname until the office or type of employment became hereditary. The surname Lorey was an occupational name for a person who worked at a granary. The name translates literally from the Old French as of the granary.
Spelling variations of this family name include: Delor, De Lor, Delore, Delaur, De Laur, Delaure, Deloret, De Loret, Delauret, De Lauret, Delorey, De Lorey, Delaurey, De Laurey, Loré, Lorée, L'Orée, Laur, Laure, Lauré, Laurée, Loret, Lauret, Lorey, Laurey, Loreillard, Laureillard, Loreilleux, Laureilleux, Loriet, Lauriet, Loriey, Lauriey, Deloriet, Delauriet, Deloriey, Delauriey, Deslor, Délor, Deslaur, Délaur, Desloret, Déloret, Deslauret, Délauret, Deslorey, Délorey, Deslaurey, Délaurey, Desloriet, Déloriet, Deslauriet, Délauriet, Desloriey, Déloriey, Deslauriey and many more.
First found in Picardy, where the family took their name from Delor, a village in the department of Aisne, in the district of Neufchâtel.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Lorey research. Another 143 words(10 lines of text) covering the years 1665 and 1785 are included under the topic Early Lorey History in all our PDF Extended History products.
Another 57 words(4 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Lorey Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
Some of the first settlers of this family name were:
Lorey Settlers in the United States in the 18th Century
Lorey Settlers in the United States in the 19th Century
The Lorey Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Lorey Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 15 April 2013 at 08:47.
houseofnames.com is an internet property owned by Swyrich Corporation.


text:
Airborne Interceptor Experiment (ABIE) was a joint service exercise
flown on July 9, 1996. The experiment was designed to demonstrate
the feasibility of the boost phase intercept of a theater ballistic
missile. ABIE was a huge success according to officials
at the Air Force Space and Missile systems Center (SMC) Los Angeles,
CA. The Airborne Interceptor Experiment, conceived and executed
by Space Vector under the direction of JHU-APL and SMC was the
first of a number of planned experiments with Air Force and Navy
units of the U.S. Atlantic Command. The experiment involved
the successful launch of a Space Vector provided Aries Target
Launch Vehicle (TLV) from the NASA test range at Wallops Island,
VA. The ABIE-TLV was configured to fly a boost trajectory
similar to a real theater ballistic missile.
part of the joint exercise, the Aries target was detected and
tracked by Air Force F-15s, Navy F-14s, an Air Force infrared
sensor tracking platform, and by fleet surface ships of the U.S.
Atlantic Command. During the ABIE test, data was collected
that will be used to develop a system that uses interceptor missiles
launched from airborne platforms to shoot down theater ballistic
missiles in their boost phase.
Space Vector's involvement in the program included:
of the flight experiment and demonstrating capability to meet
precise timing and vehicle placement requirements,
the ABIE Aries Target Launch Vehicle including the adaptation
of existing subsystems into the ABIE-TLV configuration,
the launch & flight test operations at NASA-WFF.
was the thirty-fifth Aries class vehicle launched by Space Vector.
The program was successfully accomplished within a very short
period of time to accommodate the availability of training ships


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Making an Operating System from basic using C++
Posted by SkHacker, 01 May 2013 · 27413 views
od operating system c++ basic from boot time
Making an Operating System from basic using C++ Introduction
Warning: Writing an Operating System can be a long and frustrating challenge - even for experienced programmers. You will find yourself trying to debug errors for hours, and then see the error right in front of your face. Writing an Operating System is a hard and worthy challenge, but don't be frightened off.
You may think that making an OS kernel is easy if you've ever programmed before. Think again. You don't have an established API or library to program with; You have to start from scratch. In this tutorial, we are going to learn about bootloaders and linkers and the basics of programming a simple Operating System. If you have never programmed before, I suggest you read some tutorials and try a few smaller projects first.
Details
The programming language that I prefer is C. C is very portable and can be compiled to run on almost any platform, and is easy to compile and run. I am going to cut to the chase and jump right into development. Our very first step will be printing to screen. You may think you're over your head, but trust me, this isn't too painful =). Open up your favorite text editor or IDE, and create a new file called video.c. This file will contain all of our functions for writing to the screen; at least for now.
Code
Our first function will be the classic putc. Putc is an abbreviation for put-char or character. Before you start actually writing the code, there are a few things you should keep in mind: Video memory is located at 0xB8000, and there are 16 foreground and 16 background colors. We are going to be using gray text on a black background for now, so that is 0x7. The code for each character is always stored in an even array vidmem[0]and the color fr each character is stored directly after the character vidmem[1].
/* Simple putc */
int x, y; /* Our global 'x' and 'y' */
char color; /* Our global color attribute */
void putc( unsigned char c )
{
 char *vidmem = (char*)0xB8000; /* pointer to video memory */
 int pos = ( y * 2 ) + x; /* Get the position */
 vidmem[pos] = c; /* print the character */
 vidmem[pos++] = color; /* Set the color attribute */
 if (c == '\n') // newline
 {
 y++;
 x = 0;
 }
 else
 x += 2; // 2 bytes per char
}
Our next function will be puts. This function writes a message to the screen, and relies on the putc function to print each character.
int puts( char *message )
{
 int length;
 while(*message)
 {
 putc(*message++);
 length++;
 }
 return length;
}
Next we must make a new file: main.c. No, not even operating systems can escape a main() function. This will be the startup function that will be called by the loader.
int main( void )
{
 puts("Hello, world!"); /* Print our welcome message */
 for(;;); /* Keep the OS running */
}
Down & Dirty with Assembly
If you thought any of that was hard, wait 'til you see whats next... Assembly. Ah, yes that dreaded thing that pulled itself out of the abyss. -- Wait, assembly is not that bad. It just takes time to adjust to. Create a new file, loader.asm, or whatever you want to call it.
; Loader.asm
bits 32
extern main
global start
start:
 call main ; Call our kernel's main() function
 cli ; Stop interrupts (thats another article?)
 hlt ; Stop all instructions
That certainly wasn't too bad, but that code is for a custom bootloader that's not multiboot compliant. But enough for now.
Compiling & Running
If you don't already have gcc , ld or nasm, now is the time to get them. You can either get the djgpp package or the cygwin package if you are using Windows. Here are the commands you need to use to compile you homebrew OS:
gcc -ffreestanding -fno-builtin -nostdlib -c *.c (thats main.c and video.c)
nasm -f aout loader.asm -o loader.o
ld -Ttext 0x1000 -o kernel.bin loader.o main.o video.o
And you're done! Wait, I lied. How do you intend to test it? I would recommend virtual machine software, such as Bochs or Qemu. They allow you to test your OS inside of you host operating system, be it linux or Windows. Still, I'm getting ahead of myself, we need something that will actually interface with the BIOS (Basic Input Output System) and load our kernel (BIOS->Bootloader->Loader->Kernel). Here is the code, and comments for my simple bootloader:
; tutorial bootloader based off of: _URL_
[BITS 16] ; 16 bit instructions
[ORG 0x7C00]
jmp word load
 db "ONYXDISK" ; OEM Label String
 dw 512 ; Bytes per sector
 db 1 ; Sectors per FAT cluster
 dw 36 ; Resered sector count
 db 2 ; number of FATs
 dw 224 ; Root dir entries
 dw 2880 ; Total Sectors
 db 240 ; Double sided, 18 sectors per track
 dw 9 ; Sectors per FAT
 dw 18 ; Sectors per track
 dw 2 ; Head count (double sided)
 dd 0 ; Hidden sector count

load:
 mov ah, 0 ; floppy drive reset command
 int 13h ; bios floppy interrupt
 or ah, ah ; check for error code
 jnz load ; repeat if error
 mov ax, 0
 mov es, ax
 mov bx, 0x1000 ; destination address of kernel = 0000:1000
 mov ah, 02h ; floppy read sector command
 mov al, 02h ; number of sectors to read
 mov ch, 0 ; cylinder
 mov cl, 02h ; sector
 mov dh, 0 ; head
 int 13h ; bios floppy interrupt
 or ah, ah ; check for error code
 jnz load ; repeat if error
 cli ; Disable interrupts
 xor ax, ax
 mov ds, ax ; Set DS-register to 0 - used by lgdt
 lgdt [gdt_desc] ; Load the GDT descriptor
 mov eax, cr0 ; Copy the contents of CR0 into EAX
 or eax, 1 ; Set bit 0
 mov cr0, eax ; Copy the contents of EAX into CR0
 jmp 08h:kernel_seg ; Jump to code segment, offset clear_pipe
[BITS 32]
kernel_seg:
 mov ax, 10h ; save data segment
 mov ds, ax ; setup data segment
 mov ss, ax ; setup stack segment
 mov esp, 090000h ; move the stack pointer to 090000h
 jmp 08h:01000h ; jump to our kernel
gdt: ; address for the GDT
gdt_null: ; null Segment
 dd 0
 dd 0
gdt_code: ; code segment, read/execute, nonconforming
 dw 0FFFFh
 dw 0
 db 0
 db 10011010b
 db 11001111b
 db 0
gdt_data: ; data segment, read/write, expand down
 dw 0FFFFh
 dw 0
 db 0
 db 10010010b
 db 11001111b
 db 0
gdt_end:
gdt_desc:
 dw gdt_end - gdt - 1 ; limit (size)
 dd gdt ; address of the GDT
times 510-($-$) db 0 ; fill up the file with zeros
 dw 0AA55h ; boot sector identifier
Yes I'm sure that is confusing, but here is a short wrap up. When you turn on you computer, it automatically starts into real mode (16 bit mode), where you can use the BIOS to carry out certain functions like printing to the screen and reading files. Real mode has several limitations: you can only access the first 1MB of memory, and there is no protection for data. We (as OS-developers) want to switch to protected mode (32 bit mode), where you have 4GB of memory, and the aforementioned data protection. In protect mode though, you do not have access to the BIOS. Therefore, since we can't rely on the BIOS, we need to write functions for our OS to use. But back to the bootloader. The BIOS will look for a bootsector that is exactly 512 bytes (1 sector) and has 0xAA55 as the boot checksum. Then the BIOS will load our bootsector, which in turn loads our loader, which loads our OS.
Now compile


May Kaidee's Guide for Vegetarians and Vegans in Thailand
An app that helps navigate the vegetarian and vegan culinary challenges while traveling and living in Thailand.
 Easy to Use
Cooking class students with May sampling food
Our app is popular with vegetarians and vegans traveling in Thailand, helping to eliminate the challenges of avoiding food with animal products while still enjoying the best Thai taste cuisine has to offer. The app contains in-depth text on vegetarian concepts in Thailand, as well as helpful features for ordering food.
Audio Translator
The audio translator feature allows anyone to communicate the dietary restrictions of a vegetarian or vegan diet to native Thai speakers by simply pressing a button – an especially useful feature when traveling in areas where restaurants rarely make recipes without animal products.
Valuable Tips
Inside our guide you find numerous useful tips for finding vegetarian and vegan friendly locations in Thailand, understanding the different types of vegetarian diets as understood by locals, and relevant Thai language tips. Additionally, there is a section specifically for learning to identify ingredients.
You can browse all of our Thai vegetarian and vegan cooking and food related apps, cookbooks and videos on our product page.


Covelo fire burned 617 acres
Full containment of the Pass Fire located east of Covelo, stubbornly eluded CalFire and the US Forest Service firefighters over the weekend.
Monday afternoon, the 617-acre fire was 97 percent contained. Cost as of 10:30 a.m. Monday was $2.6 million, but fire personnel had been reduced to 277 persons from a peak of 921.
When the fire began August 3at noon, it was attacked heavily from the air, as ground resources surged to the location. Initially, the fire threatened several structures near the Eel River Work Center, but then burned north and east, leaving the structures unharmed. Steep hills in the fire zone were covered with a combination of dry grass and oaks on the western slopes and grass and heavy manzanita on the eastern sides.
Containment was particularly challenging in the area located in the steep canyon slopes above the Eel River.
Fire engines from Little Lake, Ukiah Valley, Redwood Valley, Brooktrails and Laytonville fire departments responded to the mutual-aid call just after the fire started, and remained on the fire lines until Friday afternoon. Local firefighters slept on the ground and ate field rations for much of their time out.
In the early stage, the fire size was estimated at 800 acres, but as overflights mapped the fire boundaries more accurately, the official size was scaled back to 644 acres and finally to 617 acres.
Although the fire began in the state responsibility area, it quickly crossed into lands managed by the US Bureau of Land Management and Mendocino National Forest. The fire response was co-managed by CalFire and the U.S. Forest Service.
One firefighter suffered a wrist injury during the fire.


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BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Friday, 29 October, 2004, 10:46 GMT 11:46 UK
Sihamoni crowned Cambodian king
Cambodia's King Sihamoni on his coronation day
King Sihamoni's coronation began with a Buddhist ceremony
Norodom Sihamoni has been formally crowned as Cambodia's new monarch.
In a ceremony broadcast on national television, the 51-year-old former ballet dancer officially took over from his father, Norodom Sihanouk.
"I swear to follow the constitution and other laws of the kingdom of Cambodia so as to serve the interests of the nation and the people," he said.
Friday's glittering coronation ceremony is the centre point of three days of celebrations to usher in the new king.
The streets in Phnom Penh have been adorned with Cambodian flags and portraits, and Friday declared a national holiday.
In the first act of his coronation day, King Sihamoni walked through the Royal Palace accompanied by Buddhist monks in saffron robes and bodyguards in black suits.
Cambodia's King Sihamoni on his coronation day
He took his place on a throne beneath a gilded pagoda, where he offered Buddhist prayers to the rising sun.
His father anointed his head with nine jars of holy water, in a symbolic gesture to bless his reign.
Then, in front of an audience of top government figures, monks, royalty and diplomats, King Sihamoni took the oath marking the official start of his reign.
As is traditional, he repeated the sentence three times, and bowed after he had completed each other.
Smooth succession
The succession process began earlier this month, when former King Sihanouk abdicated due to ill health.
There was no legal provision in the event of a monarch's abdication, and laws had to be rushed through parliament to enable a throne council to convene and choose a successor.
One of his potential strengths is that he is seen as apolitical.
While Cambodian kings used to have great authority, the position is now largely symbolic and wields no real power.
King Sihamoni, 29 Oct
But it remains an important post because of the reverence Cambodian people give to the royal family.
Former King Sihanouk is widely revered after 60 years on the throne, and although little was known about his son and successor before he was chosen as the new monarch, Cambodians are already warming to their new king.
Sihamoni has spent much of his life outside Cambodia - as a ballet dancer and teacher, as well as Cambodia's ambassador to the UN cultural agency, Unesco.
He is much less known than his half-brother Prince Ranariddh, who heads the royalist political party Funcinpec.
Sihanouk is still likely to remain influential even after his son is officially inaugurated.
The government has already declared that he will be now known as The Great Heroic King Sihanouk.
Cambodia's new king crowned in a lavish ceremony
In Pictures: King Sihamoni's coronation
29 Oct 04 | In Pictures
Profile: King Sihamoni
14 Oct 04 | Asia-Pacific
A new king for Cambodia: Your views
14 Oct 04 | Have Your Say
Cambodia passes succession law
08 Oct 04 | Asia-Pacific
Cambodia's succession riddle
08 Oct 04 | Asia-Pacific
Profile: Norodom Sihanouk
14 Oct 04 | Asia-Pacific
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text:
The Role of Cold and Carbonic Maceration in Wine Production
Cold maceration is skin contact before the beginning of the fermentation process. Some winemakers allow the skins to remain in contact with the must after fermentation is finished. This is known as extended maceration.
Carbonic maceration allows grapes to ferment without intentionally breaking the skins. Must is the mixture of solids and grape juice before fermentation begins. Up to a quarter of the must is skins and other debris, known as pumice. The amount of contact with these solids is one of the major ways a winemaker can craft the wine.
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text:
Superagüi National Park is located on the northern coast of Paraná State, in southern Brazil, and is part of Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá estuary complex. The park is totally contained in Guaraqueçaba municipality, Paraná State. However, Paranaguá and Cananéia municipalities are also adjacent to the park. The park limits are within the latitudes 25º12'23"S and 25º29'19"S and longitudes 48º01'24" W and 48º20'36" W.
The park is a total of 33,988 hectares and is made up of two islands (Superagüi Island makes up 41% of the park and Peças Island makes up 27%), the continental portion (19%), and the aquatic estuary environment and smaller islands like Pinheiro and Pinheirinho (the remaining 13%). Peças Island's topography is completely flat. Superagüi Island presents three elevations: Morro do Superagüi, Morro das Pacas, and Morro do Canudal, although the elevation differences are not significant. There is higher elevation on the continental portion; Bico Torto is the highest point at 575 m above sea level. Superagüi Island was originally a peninsula but became an island after a canal was built. The canal, Varadouro Canal, now separates the continent from the island. It was originally constructed to facilitate the boat trips between the towns of Cananéia and Paranaguá, to promote commerce (Vivekananda, 2001).
The climate classification of the region, according to Köppen, is Cfa or humid subtropical. The summer is hot; the highest temperatures occur in January (26.1o C is the monthly average); the coldest month is July (16.3o C is the average). Frosts are an uncommon occurrence. The annual precipitation is approximately 2,500 mm (IPARDES, 1990); there is no clearly defined dry season.
The park shelters estuarine environments, mangroves, caxetais, lowland forests, sub-montane forests, and arboreal, herbaceous and shrubby restingas. In addition, there is approximately 35 km of beautiful, pristine beaches with little or no human presence.
Superagüi mangroves and estuaries
Superagüi lowland forests and submontane forests
Superagüi restingas and pristine beaches
According to Dinerstein et al. (1995), 49% of Superagüi National Park is located in Serra do Mar Coastal Forest Ecoregion, and 41% is classified as Ilha Grande Mangrove Ecoregion. The remaining 10% is made up of the aquatic estuarine environments.
Map showing the two ecoregions of the park, Serra do Mar coastal forests and Illha Grande mangroves (Map produced by Gustavo Gatti, ParksWatch-Brazil/Fundação O Boticário)


text:
The QTR-MD-05RC is equipped with an array of IR LED/phototransistor pairs, making it ideal for accurately detecting changes in reflectance, such as in line detection applications. The device is operational within a voltage range of 2.9V to 5.5V and features adjustable brightness control that is independent of the supply voltage.
The closer the object to the sensor, the greater the contrast between light and dark readings. However, objects with high reflectance can generally be detected at distances of up to 40mm. This particular model of the QTR series does not include lenses, which allows for a more traditional sensor experience.
Whether you're developing a robotics project, creating an automated system, or working on a device that requires precise detection of changes in light, the QTR-MD-05RC Reflectance Sensor Array is a reliable and efficient solution. Its compact size, pitch precision, and adjustable brightness make it a versatile tool for a wide range of applications.


text:
Russell, Westfield students win awards at regional science fair, qualify to advance
SPRINGFIELD — While a Pope Francis student from Russell won the grand prize award at the Region IV Science Fair at Western New England University on March 10, Westfield High School students also fared very well, with one first place award, one second place, and six third place winners.
The Sanofi Specialty Grand Prize Award went to Elizabeth Hanechak of Russell, a sophomore at Pope Francis Preparatory School in Springfield. Hanechak's biochemistry project, "The Deletion of a Disulfide Bridge through Site-Director Mutagenesis to Adapt Cutinase to the Biodegradation of Polyethylene Terephthalate," earned her a slot in the International Science and Engineering Fair at Dallas, Texas, in May.
Putting her project in plain English, Hanechak explained that she was mostly focused on trying to find a practical solution to the plastic disposal problem. She said recycling doesn't really work, because less than 4% of the 51 million tons of plastic in the U.S. gets recycled annually. Incineration also doesn't work, as it is well known that burning plastic releases toxic chemicals. Hanechak said biodegradation uses naturally occurring microorganisms to degrade the plastic, but is very slow and takes a long time, making that solution also impractical.
"My research was trying to improve an enzyme shown to degrade plastic, to make it work faster and more efficiently," she said, adding that the experiment went pretty well, "beyond what I was hoping for — my mutations degraded the samples 55% better than [others]. One degraded an entire plastic sample within 24 hours."
Hanechak said since Pope Francis does not have a high school science fair, she did the research on her own, reading scientific journals for months before coming up with the idea for the research proposal. She worked with a microbiology professor at Westfield State University on the project as an independent research student, funded by her mother, she said.
Hanechak said Pope Francis has been very supportive, giving her access to most scientific journals, and time off to go to the lab. They will also give her a week off to go to the International Science Fair in Dallas.
"Science is my everything," Hanechak said. Regarding the plastic problem, she said, "It's really scary to think about in the future, but it's exciting to see people working on it. It gives you new hope, that all is not lost."


text:
Paul N. Bennett, Susan T. Dumais, Eric Horvitz
Access pdf file.
Machine-learning researchers face the omnipresent challenge of developing predictive models that converge rapidly in accuracy with increases in the quantity of scarce labeled training data. We introduce Layered Abstraction-Based Ensemble Learning (LABEL), a method that shows promise in improving generalization performance by exploiting additional labeled data drawn from related discrimination tasks within a corpus and from other corpora. LABEL first maps the original feature space, targeted at predicting membership in a specific topic, to a new feature space aimed at modeling the reliability of an ensemble of text classifiers. The resulting abstracted representation is invariant across each of the binary discrimination tasks, allowing the data to be pooled. We then construct a context-sensitive combination rule for each task using the pooled data. Thus, we are able to more accurately model domain structure which would not have been possible using only the limited labeled data from each task separately. Using several corpora for an empirical evaluation of topic classification accuracy of text documents, we demonstrate that LABEL can increase the generalization performance across a set of related tasks.
Keywords: Inductive transfer, ensemble methods, classifier re-use, generalization for learning, classifier combination, metaclassifiers, reliability indicators.
In: Proceedings of ICML Workshop on The Continuum from Labeled to Unlabeled Data, Washington, DC, August 2003.
Author Email: _EMAIL_,_EMAIL_, _EMAIL_