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Are eudialytes mined in the sweden?
Date created: Fri, Jul 9, 2021 8:15 AM
Date created: Fri, Jul 9, 2021 5:15 PM
Magmatic age of rare-earth element and zirconium mineralisation at the Norra Kärr alkaline complex, southern Sweden, determined by U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope analyses of metasomatic zircon and eudialyte.
Date created: Fri, Jul 9, 2021 8:44 PM
Mineral resources. Minerals have been mined in Sweden for over 1 000 years. They are important for the society and are used in our daily life. Geological information and knowledge about the assets are vital in order to use the mineral resources in a sustainable way.
Date created: Sat, Jul 10, 2021 9:40 AM
Sjöqvist, A.S.L., Cornell, D.H., Andersen, T., Erambert, M., Ek, M. and Leijd, M. (2013): Three compositional varieties of rare-earth element ore: eudialyte-group minerals from the Norra Kärr Alkaline Complex, Southern Sweden. Minerals 3, 94-120.
Date created: Sat, Jul 10, 2021 11:38 PM
Mines in Sweden. Today there are 12 mines in production in Sweden, all of them are metal mines. Mine. County. Municipality. Owner. Mineral.
Date created: Sun, Jul 11, 2021 5:14 AM
The mining industry in Sweden has a history dating back 6,000 years before present. Historically, Sweden's most famous mine is the copper Falun Mine in Dalarna. The mine itself had a significant contribution to the Swedish economy, income from the Falun mine funded almost all of Sweden's wars throughout its history.
Date created: Sun, Jul 11, 2021 3:17 PM
Sweden has been called the "home of the rare earth elements", due to the fact that both the first light and the first heavy rare earth elements (LREE and HREE, respectively) were discovered here during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Yttrium (Y), ytterbium (Yb), terbium (Tb) and erbium (Er) were discovered in gadolinite from the Ytterby ...
Date created: Mon, Jul 12, 2021 3:38 AM
Identifying Characteristics. Eudialytes are mildly radioactive, but wearing or handling pieces under 5 cts (1 gram) should pose no health risks. On the other hand, holding a eudialyte sphere of 5,000 cts (1 kg) — a very large piece, indeed — would expose you to 2.40 mREM per hour.
Date created: Mon, Jul 12, 2021 12:04 PM
ore is mined from the Lovozersky Mine to obtain a loparite concentrate for Nb, Ta, and REE recovery by the Soli-kamsk magnesium works . According to Zaitsev , the processing of eudialyte is just one option to increase further REE capacities. As a result, information about extraction processes is based on research and development
Date created: Tue, Jul 13, 2021 12:43 AM
The Kiruna mine is the largest and most modern underground iron ore mine in the world. The mine is located in Kiruna in Norrbotten County, Lapland, Sweden. The mine is owned by Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB), a large Swedish mining company. In 2018 the mine produced 26.9 million tonnes of iron ore. The Kiruna mine has an ore body which is 4 km (2.5 mi) long, 80 metres (260 ft) to 120 ...
Date created: Tue, Jul 13, 2021 1:14 PM
Swedish iron ore was an important economic factor in the European theatre of World War II.Both the Allies and the Axis were keen to gain control of the mining district in northernmost Sweden, surrounding the mining towns of Gällivare and Kiruna.The importance of this issue increased after other sources of iron were cut off from Germany by the Allied naval blockade during the Battle of the ...
Oltu stone, sometimes called also "Erzurum stone", is principally mined in the villages northeast of Oltu town, around Tutlu Dağı (Yasak Dağ) as well as in Alatarla, Hankaskışla and Çataksu villages. The mountainous, rough region with steep slopes is 1,600–1,800 m (5,200–5,900 ft) high.
Strontium titanate is an oxide of strontium and titanium with the chemical formula Sr Ti O 3.At room temperature, it is a centrosymmetric paraelectric material with a perovskite structure. At low temperatures it approaches a ferroelectric phase transition with a very large dielectric constant ~10 4 but remains paraelectric down to the lowest temperatures measured as a result of quantum ...
Crystal System:Orthorhombic. Named by A. Lacroix in 1902 in honor of Alfred Grandidier (20 December 1836, Paris, France - 13 September 1912, Paris, France), French explorer and naturalist. He visited Madagascar three times between _PHONE_, crossing the island three times.
25 Related questions
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293. _PHONE_. Eudialyte. Johnsen O, Grice J D (1999) The crystal chemistry of the eudialyte group The Canadian Mineralogist 37 865-891. 1999. Saint-Amable sill, Varennes, Verchares County, Canada. 0. 293. _PHONE_.
Cubic zirconia (CZ) is the cubic crystalline form of zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2).The synthesized material is hard and usually colorless, but may be made in a variety of different colors. It should not be confused with zircon, which is a zirconium silicate (ZrSiO 4).It is sometimes erroneously called cubic zirconium.. Because of its low cost, durability, and close visual likeness to diamond...
AT THE MINE. Hand-mined in the mid-1980s by small-scale miners, Zultanite® has only been in commercial production since 2006. Zultanite® is mined directly from its host rock at the world's only known Zultanite® deposit, high in Turkey's Anatolian Mountains. Located at a height of over 4,000 feet, the mine requires the extraction of tons...
Lapis lazuli (UK: / ˌ l æ p ɪ s ˈ l æ z (j) ʊ l i, ˈ l æ ʒ ʊ-,-ˌ l aɪ /; US: / ˈ l æ z (j) ə l i, ˈ l æ ʒ ə-,-ˌ l aɪ /), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.. As early as the 7th millennium BCE, lapis lazuli was mined in the Sar-i Sang mines, in Shortugai, and in other...
Verd antique is very similar in colour to the national gemstone of Ireland, Connemara marble.Connemara marble differs from the verd antiques in that it is an actual marble, rather than a serpentinite breccia, despite also having a very high serpentine content. It is named after the region in the western part of the country in which it is quarried (including Lissoughter in Recess, County Galway...
Phenakite or phenacite is a fairly rare nesosilicate mineral consisting of beryllium orthosilicate, Be 2 Si O 4.Occasionally used as a gemstone, phenakite occurs as isolated crystals, which are rhombohedral with parallel-faced hemihedrism, and are either lenticular or prismatic in habit: the lenticular habit is determined by the development of faces of several obtuse rhombohedra and the...
Land mine contamination in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a serious after effect of the Bosnian War which raged from 1992 until 1995. During this time period, all 3 conflicting factions (ARBiH, HVO, and VRS) have planted land mines near the current-day political entity borders, and as a result the country has had the most severe land mine problems in the world.
Mining in North Korea is important to the country's economy. North Korea is naturally abundant in metals such as magnesite, zinc, tungsten, and iron; with magnesite resources of 6 billion tonnes (second largest in the world), particularly in the North and South Hamgyong Province and Chagang Province.However, often these cannot be mined due to the acute shortage of electricity in the country...
Scheelite is a calcium tungstate mineral with the chemical formula Ca W O 4.It is an important ore of tungsten (wolfram). Well-formed crystals are sought by collectors and are occasionally fashioned into gemstones when suitably free of flaws. Scheelite has been synthesized using the Czochralski process; the material produced may be used to imitate diamond, as a scintillator, or as a solid...
Name: Named in 1847 by


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Identifying characteristics of actionable science for drought planning and adaptation: Final report to the North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center
Changing climate conditions can make water management planning and drought preparedness decisions more complicated than ever before. Resource managers can no longer rely solely on historical data and trends to base their actions, and are in need of science that is relevant to their specific needs and can directly inform important planning decisions. Questions remain, however, regarding the most effective and efficient methods for extending scientific knowledge and products into management and decision-making.
This study analyzed two unique cases of water management to better understand how science can be translated into resource management actions and decision-making. In particular, this project sought to understand 1) the characteristics that make science actionable and useful for water resource management and drought preparedness, and 2) the ideal types of scientific knowledge or science products that facilitate the use of science in management and decision-making.
The first case study focused on beaver mimicry, an emerging nature-based solution that increases the presence of wood and woody debris in rivers and streams to mimic the actions of beavers. This technique has been rapidly adopted by natural resource managers as a way to restore riparian areas, increase groundwater infiltration, and slow surface water flow so that more water is available later in the year during hotter and dryer months. The second case study focused on an established research program, Colorado Dust on Snow, that provides water managers with scientific information explaining how the movement of dust particles from the Colorado Plateau influences hydrology and the timing and intensity of snow melt and water runoff into critical water sources. This program has support from and is being used by several water conservation districts in the state.
Understanding how scientific knowledge translates into action and decision-making in these cases is expected to strengthen our knowledge of actionable science in the context of drought and its impacts on ecosystems. The project team gathered qualitative data through stakeholder interviews and will conduct an extensive literature review. Findings from these efforts will also be incorporated into a broader Intermountain West synthesis effort to determine and assess commonalities and differences among socio-ecological aspects of drought adaptation and planning.
|Publication Subtype||Federal Government Series|
|Title||Identifying characteristics of actionable science for drought planning and adaptation: Final report to the North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center|
|Series title||Cooperator Report|
|Publisher||North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center|
|Contributing office(s)||Fort Collins Science Center|
|State||Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming|
|Google Analytic Metrics||Metrics page|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
In Egypt, a lack of understanding of developmental disabilities means that children with Cerebral Palsy, Autism, Down Syndrome and other special needs are often kept at home and their education is ignored. For families in rural areas of Egypt who have a child with a mental disability, there are few resources available to support them with bringing up their child. Special needs also carries negative stigma, and parents can often feel isolated and unsure of what their child needs.
The Menara ("Lighthouse") Centre, located in Menouf in the Nile Delta, offers a safe and cheerful environment for 50 special needs children to learn and gain life skills. While providing both teaching and physical therapy for the students, the school also works to inform the parents of how to care for their children and realise their full potential.
- Academic education
- Integration in the community
- Speech therapy
- Vocational training
- Educating parents
- Raising awareness in the wider society

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Plentiful meaning in hindi
Pronunciation of Plentiful
Plentiful in Images
Plentiful Antonyms
Plentiful Definitions and meaning in English
 1. existing in great number or quantity
 2. affording an abundant supply
 3. producing in abundance
 4. abundant
Tags: plentiful meaning in hindi, plentiful ka matalab hindi me, hindi meaning of plentiful, plentiful meaning dictionary. plentiful in hindi. Translation and meaning of plentiful in English hindi dictionary. Provided by a free online English hindi picture dictionary.


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Job S. Ebenezer, Ph.D.
President, Technology for the Poor,
877 PELHAM COURT, WESTERVILLE, OHIO - 43081
The original Savonius design called
for a 7 to 8 inch overlap of the buckets. Research at Sandia Laboratories,
however, suggested an overlap of 10 to 15% of the bucket diameter or in this
case 3 inches (the bucket diameter=23 inches).
The second modification was the use of an automobile differential at the bottom of the machine to convert the vertical shaft power of the rotor to horizontal shaft power. A water pump or grain grinder could then be connected to the horizontal shaft either directly or via chain or V belt arrangements. The vertical main shaft of the wind machine was connected to the driveshaft of the differential., and one axle shaft of the differential became the horizontal power take off shaft for the wind machine. The other axle shaft was removed and the slip gears were locked. The gear ratio offered by this arrangement was 3:1, i.e. for every three turns of the wind machine's main shaft, the horizontal shaft turned once. This arrangement provided a high torque, low speed power to run a chain pump and a grain mill. A simple brake mechanism was provided to stop the machine in high winds.
A chain pump was constructed using a design proposed by Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA). A drawing of the chain pump constructed is shown below. In order to prevent corrosion of the metal chain, short lengths of nylon ropes were substituted for the lengths of chain between each leather washer. This substitution;. however, proved to be unsatisfactory
as there was much binding and
misalignment of the washers as they ascended the pipe. It is suggested that the
metal links should not be replaced by light weight ropes as the weight of the
links keep the washers taught and aligned well. Aside from these alignment
problems, the Savonius machine performed well. The Brace Research Institute in
Canada has successfully operated a diaphragm pump made of a tire with a Savonius
windmill. It is suggested that a diaphragm pump may be better suited for
Savonius windmill than a chain pump. Although the Village Technology Program did
not construct and test a chain bucket pump (shown below), it is believed that it
might perform very well with a Savonius windmill. Conventional piston pumps can
also be used with a Savonius windmill.
The Savonius windmill was also used to grind grain. A small grain mill known as "Corona Convertible" manufactured in Columbia, South America, was fitted with a hopper and sprocket.
The hopper holds a large amount of grain and can feed the mill automatically. A s shown below, the horizontal shaft of the windmill is connected to the grain mill via a roller chain and sprocket drive. The overall ratio between the wind machine and the grain mill was 5:1. The mill turned once for every five turns of the rotor.
This wind machine and mill combination successfully ground grain into fine flour. However, the rate of production and wind speed are not known with any accuracy, as this set up was not instrumented. Also unknown is the eventual durability of the mill's simple cast iron journal bearings. Perhaps the use of higher quality mills with better bearings will be required.
All factors considered, the Savonius design affords a very simple, stable machine requiring little maintenance. The Savonius' power output is relatively low (about 1 2 hp), but so is the initial investment for its construction (about $250 of materials). We highly recommend this machine for use in Third World countries.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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[email-download download_id="7104" contact_form_id="6"]
Field Coil Winding Machine
Features of Field Coil Winding Machines:
Automated Winding : Field coil winding machines automate the process of winding wire around the field coil core, ensuring uniform and consistent winding.
Variable Speed Control : These machines offer variable speed controls to accommodate different wire types, gauges, and winding requirements.
Tension Control : Tension control mechanisms ensure that the wire is wound tightly and evenly, preventing gaps and ensuring a secure winding.
Wire Guide Systems : Advanced wire guide systems help guide the wire onto the field coil core accurately, reducing the risk of wire overlapping or crossing.
Programmable Parameters : Many machines allow users to program winding parameters, including wire diameter, turns count, layering, and more.
Multiple Core Compatibility : These machines can accommodate various field coil core shapes and sizes, enhancing versatility in manufacturing.
Counters and Sensors : Field coil winding machines are equipped with counters and sensors to track the number of windings, ensuring accurate production.
Benefits of Field Coil Winding Machines:
Precision and Consistency : Field coil winding machines ensure consistent and precise winding, leading to high-quality and reliable field coils.
Time Efficiency : Automation reduces manual labor and speeds up the winding process, increasing overall production efficiency.
Material Utilization : Accurate winding reduces material waste and optimizes resource utilization.
Customization : Programmable parameters allow for customization of field coils to meet specific device requirements.
Enhanced Quality Control : These machines minimize the risk of human errors, contributing to higher product quality and fewer defects.
Applications of Field Coil Winding Machines:
Electric Motors : Field coils are crucial components in electric motors, generating the magnetic field necessary for rotation.
Generators and Alternators : Field coils play a key role in the generation of electrical power in generators and alternators. Solenoids: Solenoids utilize field coils to create magnetic fields that control their mechanical movement.
Magnetic Field Assistance:
Magnetic coilers utilize magnetic fields to guide and facilitate the winding of wire around the core, ensuring uniform and controlled winding.
Variable Speed Control:
These machines offer variable speed controls to adapt to different wire types, gauges, and winding requirements.
Advanced tension control mechanisms maintain optimal wire tension during the winding process, preventing wire slack or breakage.
Wire Guide Systems:
Magnetic coilers are equipped with precise wire guide systems that help position the wire accurately on the core, minimizing the risk of overlapping or misplacement.
Many machines allow users to program winding parameters, including wire diameter, turns count, layering, and more.
Customizable Core Compatibility:
These magnetic coilers accommodate various core shapes and sizes, offering versatility in component manufacturing.
Automated Counting and Sensors:
Magnetic coilers feature counters and sensors that track the number of windings, ensuring accuracy in production.
Benefits of Magnetic Coilers:
Precision and Consistency: Magnetic coilers ensure consistent and precise winding, leading to the creation of high-quality electromagnetic components.
Automation speeds up the winding process, enhancing overall production efficiency and reducing manufacturing time.
Optimized Resource Utilization:
Accurate winding reduces material waste, contributing to efficient resource management.
Enhanced Quality Control:
These machines minimize the risk of human errors, resulting in higher product quality and reduced defect rates.
Applications of Magnetic Coilers:
Electromagnetic Components: Magnetic coilers are used in manufacturing coils, inductors, solenoids, and other electromagnetic components for various industries.
Coils used in communication devices, antennas, and signal processing equipment benefit from the precision of magnetic coilers.
Magnetic coilers are utilized in the production of inductors and coils for generators and alternators.
Components such as ignition coils and sensors in automobiles rely on the accurate winding provided by magnetic coilers.
In conclusion, field coil winding machines are vital tools in the production of field coils, which are integral to the operation of electromechanical devices such as motors, generators, and solenoids. The automation, precision, and programmable capabilities of these machines enhance production efficiency, product quality, and customization options. As technology continues to advance, field coil winding machines play a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and performance of a wide range of electrical and mechanical equipment.


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Two Clemson University researchers seek to make diners mindful of mindless eating.
Psychology professor Eric Muth and electrical and computer engineering professor Adam Hoover have created the Bite Counter, a measurement device that will make it easier for people to monitor how much they eat. Worn like a watch, the Bite Counter device tracks a pattern of wrist-roll motion to identify when the wearer has taken a bite of food. Think of it as a pedometer for eating.
"At the societal level, current weight-loss and maintenance programs are failing to make a significant impact. Studies have shown that people tend to underestimate what they eat by large margins, mostly because traditional methods rely upon selfobservation and reporting," said Muth. "Our preliminary data suggest that bite count can be used as a proxy for caloric count."
The advantage of the Bite Counter is that it is automated so that user bias is removed. The device can be used anywhere, such as at restaurants or while working, where people find it difficult to manually track and remember calories.
The device is not based on what happens in a single bite (i.e. exact grams or specific food nutrients), but in how it simplifies long-term monitoring. For commercialization, Bite Counters eventually will be sold as simple consumer electronics alongside such familiar devices as activity monitors, heart-rate monitors, GPS watches and pedometers. A device is available from Bite Technologies now for professional and research use at _URL_.
"The device only requires that the user press a button to turn it on before eating and press the button again after the meal or snack is done. In between, the device automatically counts how many bites have been eaten," Hoover said.
In laboratory studies, the device has been shown to be more than 90 percent accurate in counting bites, regardless of the user, food, utensil or container, according to Hoover. However, there are few existing data on how bite count relates to calorie count or how a bite-counting device could be used for weight loss. The device will allow for such data to be more easily collected.
With prototypes completed and manufacturing under way, devices are being tested in 20 subjects for one month. The devices will store logs of bite-count activities, which will provide researchers baseline data for developing guidelines for completely new and innovative weight-loss studies.


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3D Video Converter for 3D TV
Do you want to convert 2D video to SBS 3D video so that you can enjoy it on your 3D TV? Then what you need is a 3D video converter. DVDFab Video Converter is a professional 3D video converter for 3D TV that can convert any 2D videos into SBS 3D videos in AVI, MP4, MKV, etc. formats that are supported by 3D TV. The following is a detailed guide to show you how to convert 2D video to SBS 3D with DVDFab Video Converter.
Step 1: Load the source
Run DVDFab 10, go to Converter module and load the 2D video you are going to convert.
Step 2: Choose a 3D profile
Navigate to the profile library on the top left corner of the main interface, choose Format > Video > Filter, check the 3D option and choose a 3D video format you want.
Step 3: Set SBS 3D format
Click the "Advanced Settings" icon, you can go into the Advanced Settings panel. Here you can set the video/audio parameters as well as the 3D type. In "3D Format" part, click the drop down list to choose "Split Screen" (SBS) as the 3D type, and choose the Left/Right or Top/Bottom format according to your 3D TV. After all settings are done, you can go back to the main interface to change the video name, choose the audio tracks and subtitles you want (you can add external subtitles). You can also click the "Editor" icon to edit the video.
Step 4: Select a directory and start the converting process
Click the "folder" icon at the bottom to select a directory to save the output video. And then you can click the "Start" button to start the process of converting 2D video to 3D video that can be played on 3D TV.
Do you also want to find a Blu-ray converter to convert 2D Blu-ray to 3D video that can be watched on 3D TV? Click 2D Blu-ray to 3D Converter to learn more.
① Convert videos from one format to another for compatible devices
② Extract the audio tracks from videos and output as audio files
③ Support all the popular audio & video formats like MP3, MP4, MKV, etc.
④ Support to edit the videos like cropping, trimming, and more
⑤ Support GPU hardware acceleration to convert much faster


On the Internet, you don't have important visual and auditory cues from a person like tone of voice or facial expressions. Body language, therefore, is non-existent - yet this can be very important in conversations. The people in the conversation may also not know each other very well; the relationships here are not akin to those in real life. They're casual and informal, and they may be completely global.
I've found that it's not always clear when someone is being sarcastic/ironic or not, and on Stack Exchange (in chat), this has caused some serious issues. It's sometimes hard to tell whether or not someone's joking. Misunderstanding this can have important consequences.
How can I indicate sarcasm or irony in a chat room without saying outright "I'm being sarcastic"?
 - Related question: interpersonal.stackexchange.com/q/16/102. I should note that this question is about using sarcasm, and also in a context where body language is not an option and the people interacting may be strangers.
 – HDE 226868
 Jun 27 '17 at 22:20
Be explicit. By Poe's law, if you aren't explicit, it won't work.
Without a winking smiley or other blatant display of humor, it is utterly impossible to parody [any view] in such a way that someone won't mistake for the genuine article.
 - If you're really worried about it being unclear, just stick an at the end of whatever you said. Or say outright "(just kidding)" or similar. There's an entire Wikipedia article on irony punctuation:
 It is common in online conversation among some Internet users to use an XML closing tag: . The tag is often written only after the sarcasm so as to momentarily trick the reader before admitting the joke. Over time, it has evolved to lose the angle brackets (/sarcasm) and has subsequently been shortened to /sarc or /s.
 In my experience (mostly on Stack Exchange), the most commonly seen nowadays is . See e.g. Urban Dictionary and Internet Slang.
 - If you're less worried but still want to add some sort of indicator, try :-P or ;-). (Noses are optional.)
A convention for indicating sarcasm online tends is to end your sarcastic comment with /s.
For example:
Of course everybody in the world loves having their teeth pulled out. /s
To add to that: Originally, in the good old forum days, it'd be spelled out "", like a HTML end tag. Over time it dropped the angle brackets.
The same with "", which over time became "/sarcasm" and (as /u/LOOK_AT_MY_ALL_CAPS points out) eventually becoming just "/s".
I tend to use sarcasm a lot. Also, I text a lot. Merging the two can be... difficult to navigate. Fortunately, there exists a well-established (though not that well-known) group of characters for that.
Among my friends we've always used (!) and (?).
From Wikipedia:
Rhetorical questions in some informal situations can use a bracketed question mark, e.g., "Oh, really[?]". The equivalent for an ironic or sarcastic statement would be a bracketed exclamation mark, e.g., "Oh, really[!]". Subtitles, such as in Teletext, sometimes use an exclamation mark within brackets or parentheses to mark sarcasm.
Not everyone knows it, of course, but I've observed that those who see the character for the first time quickly get the meaning and happily adopt it. YMMV.
 - Thanks, downvoter(s), for leaving me wondering what is wrong with my answer (!) Who needs feedback (?) (Actually, in all seriousness, I would appreciate it, if I can improve this answer somehow)
 – xDaizu
 Feb 23 '18 at 13:07
 - I don't see it either... Maybe Tim lost his keys again? Also: eeeewl, sources in the answer [!]
 – Tinkeringbell
 Feb 23 '18 at 13:14


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I would like to have furred walls in my basement, how can I do this?
Furred walls are useful for finishing a basement area and to provide room for insulation. This can easily be represented using Chief Architect by using the furred wall setting.
In Chief Architect X7 and newer program versions, you may find it more effective to simply define a new wall type with multiple framing layers. For more information on this process, see the article on defining a new wall type in the Related Articles section below.
To build a foundation
If a foundation is not created, select Build> Floor> Build Foundation from the menu.
Specify the settings you desire in the Build Foundation dialog and click OK.
Choose the option to Derive new foundation plan from the 1st floor plan and click OK.
Using the Select Objects tool, hold down the Shift key on your keyboard and click on all walls you want to have furred.
This technique is called Group Select. It allows you to change all the walls at once instead of changing them one at a time.
Click on the Open Object edit tool to display the Wall Specification dialog for the selected walls.
On the Structure panel, make sure the Frame Through option is selected, and then click OK.
To create furred walls
Click Build> Wall> Straight Interior Wall to draw interior walls parallel to the exterior walls you want furred, but do not create an enclosed space or close the room.
If you create an enclosed space that has room definition inside another enclosed space, an invisible wall or room divider will appear to connect the island room. This can cause the furred designation we specify later to not work properly.
Using the Select Objects tool, hold down the Shift key on your keyboard, and click the interior walls to group select them, then click on the Open Object tool to display the Wall Specification dialog.
On the Structure panel, select the Furred Wall option to mark these as furred walls.
Now that the walls marked as furred, close the gap in the room. Notice that no invisible walls or room dividers display.
Using the Select Object tool, select each interior wall and move them so they bump up against the foundation walls.
If an opening, such as a Door or Window , is placed into a wall on the foundation level, we can see that it now cuts through both walls.


text:
Production Location: Florida
Tray Size: 38 plants
Common Name: Fountain Grass
USDA Hardiness Zone: 5 - 9
Mature Height: 36 inches
Seedhead Color: Red
Exposure: Full Sun to Part Shade
Patent/Royalty:PP31097 .215 per plant included in tray price
Recommended Finish Size: 1 gallon
Growing Media: Well-draining commercial media
Growing Temperature: 70-80 F (days) 55-65 F (nights)
Soil PH: 5.8-6.2
Soil EC: 1-1.5
Finish Time for Spring Sale: 8 - 10 weeks
Growing Info: Apply fungicide drench at transplant.
Fertilizing: Constant liquid feed at low levels of 100 - 150 ppm N
Moisture Level: Allow plants to dry between ample waterings.
Watch for Pest and Disease: Aphids, mealybugs, spider mites, root and crown rot
Vernalization Requirements: Not required.
Supplemental Lighting: 12+ hours photoperiod
Growth Regulators: Generally, not needed.
Day Length: Long Day
Other: Follow monthly broad spectrum fungicide control program.


.177 vs.22 Air Rifles: Which is Better?
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Air rifles have many practical uses and I believe everyone interested in survival should own one.
If you have a good air gun then you can hunt game, practice your marksmanship, defend your crops, and entertain yourself, with less expense, noise, and legal hassle than using a firearm!
While some high-caliber air rifles can get into deer-hunting territory (and can even be used for self defense!), most people are going to pick up a.177 or.22 caliber pellet gun.
What is the difference between.177 vs.22 air rifles?
Which should you buy?
And why?
.177 vs.22 Pellets – Caliber Matters
Both.177 and.22 caliber air rifles are similar in many ways, but they have certain differences that can make or break the gun for your purpose.
In both cases, the number refers to the size of the gun's bore in inches: 0.177 inches / 4.5 mm versus 0.22 inches / 5.5mm.
The obvious result is that.177 air rifles will fire a smaller pellet.
What are the non-obvious results?
Mass, especially its effect on ballistics[1].
Primarily,.22 pellets will have more mass in them than most.177 pellets, when comparing the same type of ammo. Less than a dozen grains versus over a dozen.
Newton's Second Law tells us that force equals mass times acceleration.
This extra mass is more advantageous than a bit of extra velocity and helps the pellet buck the wind better and maintain more inertia.
The result is that, if you compare two air rifles that are otherwise the same, the.22 rifle will hit harder than the.177 rifle at both the muzzle and the target[2].
As for.177 vs.22 accuracy, they'll both be just as accurate when the wind is still but the.177 pellet will get shoved more by a breeze so a.22 caliber air rifle will be slightly more accurate in real-world conditions. Outdoors.
.177 vs.22 Benjamin Marauder air rifle best for hunting competition practice
The Difference Between.177 and.22 Pellet Guns
Often, the difference between the.177 caliber and.22 caliber versions of the same model of air rifle is…
…zilch. Nothing. Nada. No difference other than caliber.
You'll often find that it's the exact same air rifle sold for the exact same amount of money, such as with the Benjamin Trail NP2.
The bore is different to fit the different caliber pellet, but otherwise, the only difference is in what size projectile you're sending downrange.
What About Barrel Harmonics?
I've seen people complain that.177 air rifles tend to be more accurate than their.22 brethren but the difference, if it even exists, is going to be minuscule.
If the barrel in both calibers has the same outside diameter then it will be a bit thicker, theoretically, from the smaller bore on the.177, making the barrel a bit stiffer.
Stiffer barrels tend to be inherently more accurate than whippy barrels.
However, air rifles are not firearms.
They have a "cold bore" because the projectile is not being pushed by rapidly expanded, heated gasses.
So, you don't have to worry about heat expansion and contraction affecting barrel harmonics.
And the factors that will apply, from a spring or air reservoir, are lower energy than the chemical explosion you'd get from gunpowder, thus minimizing their effect on barrel harmonics.
Note that you can buy tuners to tune an air rifle's barrel harmonics, but not everyone will see a benefit[3].
.177 vs.22 Air Rifles for Hunting
Knowing what you now know about.177 and.22 air rifles, which do you think would be better for hunting?
That's right:.22!
.22 is heavier and hits harder than.177.
But that's not the only consideration…
When you're deciding on a.177 or.22 air rifle for rabbits or squirrels, you also need to consider the vital areas on the animal you're hunting[4].
A.22 pellet is 0.043 inches wider in cross-section than a.177 pellet, which means that if you want to hunt with a.177 air rifle you need to be that much more accurate.
There's a common rule of thumb for hunting with these small-bore air rounds:
 - If you can hit a quarter at a certain range, you can hunt a squirrel at that range with.22
 - If you can hit a nickel at a certain range, you can hunt a squirrel at that range with.177
It doesn't matter if you have a beefy.177 and a wimpy.22. If you can regularly hit a quarter-sized target but would have missed a nickel-sized target,.177 isn't the right round for you.
Serious about hunting with an air gun? Check out the Best Air Rifles for Hunting!
Crosman Varmint Targets for practicing 17 22 air rifle hunting
What Can You Hunt with.177 Air Rifles?
Some people say to use.177 on feathers and.22 on fur.
Once you get past the coat of armor that is your average crow's plumage, birds are pretty weak.
Small and medium sized birds are good targets for.177 caliber air rifles.
Once you get into big bird territory, you'll want a bigger air rifle.
Don't try to take out a turkey with a.177 air rifle!
You can also take out tiny furry varmints with a.177 air rifle, but I wouldn't use one to take aim at a squirrel.
See our picks for the best air pistols on the market today!
What Can You Hunt with.22 Air Rifles?
.22 caliber air guns are the minimum, in my opinion, for any furred creature squirrel-sized or larger.
And even then, you still want to be as precise with your shot as possible.
Rabbits are also good targets for.22 air rifles.
Once you get to raccoons and possums, you'll be stretching the limits of the caliber. Consider using a.25 or larger air rifle.
You can still put down raccoons with a particularly powerful.22 air rifle if you don't miss the vital zone.
Check out my review of the Benjamin Marauder, an excellent air gun for hunting!
.177 vs.22 Air Rifles for Practice and Competition
On the other hand,.177 has the advantage over.22 when it comes to shooting at non-living targets.
You get more ammo for your dollar with.177 than you get with.22.
200.22 Predator Polymag pellets will cost you a buck fifty more than 200.177 Predator Polymag pellets.
150.177 Gamo Rocket pellets will only cost you half a buck more compared to 100.22 Gamo Rocket pellets, but there's 50% more pellets per container!
So, unless you're going to be shooting at an animal, it's generally a good idea to go for the cheaper ammunition.
.177 also has an advantage over.22 in that the smaller holes make it easier to see precisely where you hit the target.
This can help you visualize your shot pattern, making it easier to practice more effectively.
I will point out that.22 air rifles will be better for long-range plinking because the more massive projectile will resist wind drift more.
But, unless you're lobbing those pellets far downrange,.177 is generally the better choice for target shooting.
Both.177 and.22 air rifles have their place.
If you need to protect your garden from starlings then go for the.177 air gun.
However, if you're hunting rabbits, a.22 pellet gun will suit you better.
For paper?.177, most of the time.
And for those people who will use one air gun for all of those purposes? Go with the.22 air rifle. It'll give you more choices.
And remember to check your local laws! Regulations might restrict you to certain calibers.
Which is your favorite small-bore air rifle caliber? Let me know in the comments below!
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GridGain Developers Hub
Data Skew
Dealing with Data Skew with Control Center
You may encounter issues with clusters allocating data to each other constantly. In this topic we will show how to debug the issue when you notice high CPU usage with Control Center.
In this example we will look at a 4-node cluster, an application that runs read operations, and Control Center displays an alert about high CPU usage.
In Control Center dashboards you can see that one of the nodes is using a lot of CPU.
One of the possible reasons is incorrect data distribution. This can be checked in the Caches screen. The Partition Distribution screen contains information about partitions and keys on each node.
If everything is fine, you should look into the number of operations performed at each node. If, for example, one of the caches has a lot of operations performed on a single node, the problem is localized. In this case it is likely to be what is known as Celebrity Users problem. For example, a company is much bigger than others and has a lot more operations related to it.
Yet another possible issue is in cache configuration options, available from the Caches screen. Check the readFromBackup parameter. If it is set to false, GridGain always tries to read data from the cache, and this can cause a lot of load. If you have this parameter disabled, you will always read the latest update, but at a cost of repeated read requests. Set the patameter to true and recreate the cache.


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Marty Martian was sent to Earth by the Martian government to find life. While on Earth, Marty captured a car and brought it back to Mars. He thought he'd found a good example of life on Earth. The Martian government does not believe that the car Marty brought back is alive. Marty must stand trial for failing to perform his Martian duties.
At the trail, Marty spoke in his defense. "I first saw these life forms rolling along roads in great numbers. They were giving off thick clouds of poisonous waste as they moved. They seemed to exhibit herding behavior, as many of the cars moved in the same direction. They appeared to have a great deal of energy, some of them moved faster than 60 kilometers per hour. When one of these life forms stopped or slow down, the others behind it responded. They slowed down and gave off a reddish light from the back, and sometimes they would make honking noises. I observed that they would stop to feed on a liquid substance."
Take the part of Marty's defense attorney and make a good case for the car's being alive. Then be the prosecutor and show that the car is a nonliving thing. List as many reasons as you can.
CLAIM, EVIDENCE, REASONING
What is your CLAIM regarding the status of the car. Is it a living thing or not? (Write a complete sentence.)
What EVIDENCE is there for your claim? (Combine arguments from the list above and write a complete sentence.)
REASONING: Connect your evidence to the claim. Complete this sentence:
All living things must __________________________________________________;
a car ________________________________________________, therefore it [ is / is not ] a living thing.


2.2.4 - Hub Mesh - let your hubs talk to each other
Well, it's not quite a social network for your beloved hubs, but bear with me.
Here at Hubitat, we wanted an easy way to reuse the same device in automations spread across several hubs. And we mess with our drivers and devices a lot, so it would have to pick up all the changes on the fly. We wanted to pick a hub and a device on it, create some sort of a link to it on another hub, and be done with it. If a driver changed and a device got a new button because of that driver change, we'd like that button to just appear everywhere the device is used. Well, wishes are all good, but with 2.2.4 we also got time to implement it. Here's how to use the new Hub Mesh:
 1. Go to Devices and click on Hub Mesh:
 image
 2. If your hubs run 2.2.4 and are on the same local network, they will appear on the list of hubs in Hub Mesh screen.
 3. Share local devices you want to use on other local hubs.
 4. Go to another hub and pick selected devices to use them locally and click Create Devices. This screenshot is made on the same hub, but you get the idea.
 5. Selected devices are now ready to use through the link. This is it! You can also see what happens if device is no longer shared or if hub becomes unavailable - it is disabled and has OFFLINE in its name. Hub mesh keeps track of these things.
There are a few limitation. For example, you can't update device information through the link. And since hub mesh uses network to communicate, it's a bit slower than local setup. On the upside, hub mesh keeps linked device in sync even if network connection temporarily breaks down. Things like device name change or new capabilities will propagate to the linked device on their own in under a minute. And devices can be shared and un-shared as often as you want, with linked devices enabled or disabled accordingly. But in every other way, a linked device is just another device. A few implementation intricacies aside, the hub code treats it the same way.
Enjoy and and us know if you encounter any issues!
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This presentation explores the role of socialist property institutions for the current commercial transformation of the Chinese agriculture. The concurrent existence of collective ownership of farmland and a rapid transformation of the Chinese agriculture from one dominated by smallholding to increasingly commercial and industrialized economies of scale is puzzling. How can commercial investors in agriculture secure the necessary farmland for their operations if they are unable to own, buy and sell land? How has the Chinese solution - and there has to be one since we see a thriving commercial agriculture - been affected by the continuing existence of the underlying socialist property regime? The central argument presented here is that that the transformation of Chinese agriculture toward commercial and industrialized production takes place not despite socialist property institutions but is, in fact, enabled by them.
The presentation first introduces the path-dependent transformation of the Chinese rural property regime based upon collective ownership of farmland and the Household Responsibility System (HRS) since the beginning of the reforms in agriculture in the early 1980s. It describes how new ideas about the purpose and future of agriculture and smallholding triggered a step-by-step transformation of the HRS to allow market-like transfer of farmland for agricultural usage. The rural practice of these market-like structures is then investigated using data from fieldwork in Shandong, Sichuan, Guizhou an Gansu Province conducted between 2008 and 2016.
Dr. René Trappel is a political scientist with a regional focus on China and East Asia. He completed his PhD thesis at Duisburg-Essen University in 2013 and now works as lecturer at the Institute of Chinese Studies at the University of Freiburg. His main research interests include agrarian change, local governance and urbanization.


text:
Has Consumption Inequality Mirrored Income Inequality?
We revisit to what extent the increase in income inequality over the last 30 years has been mirrored by consumption inequality. We do so by constructing two alternative measures of consumption expenditure, using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE). We first use reports of active savings and after tax income to construct the measure of consumption implied by the budget constraint. We find that the consumption inequality implied by savings behavior largely tracks income inequality between 1980 and 2007. Second, we use a demand system to correct for systematic measurement error in the CE's expenditure data. Specifically, we consider trends in the relative expenditure of high income and low income households for different goods with different income (total expenditure) elasticities. Our estimation exploits the difference in the growth rate of luxury consumption inequality versus necessity consumption inequality. This "double-differencing,'' which we implement in a a regression framework, corrects for mis-measurement that can systematically vary over time by good and income group. This second exercise indicates that consumption inequality has closely tracked income inequality over the period _PHONE_. Both of our measures show a significantly greater increase in consumption inequality than what is obtained from the CE's total household expenditure data directly.
We thank Yu Liu for outstanding research assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.


text:
The Challenge Specific Agreement requires that each Solver certify that they fully own the rights to their submission and have the right to assign such ownership. Any intentionally false representation to this effect would be a material breach of the Challenge Specific Agreement and actionable by the Seeker.
Articles in this section
- What type of verification does InnoCentive do on the winning Solver?
- What if we need to ask the Solver clarification questions before making a decision on an award?
- What if we solve the problem after the Challenge is posted?
- Can we test a submision before we agree to pay the award?
- What if we terminate the agreement in the niddle of one of our postings, what happens with the Challenge and potential award?
- Can a Solver later use the information that we included in the Challenge posting?
- Why does your agreement have an audit provision?
- Why doesn't InnoCentive or the Solver warrant that the solution is patentable or novel?
- What if we see a submission or idea that did not win, but we already knew about it and later use use it? Could the Solver sue us?
- Who decides if a Solver's submission is a winner?


text:
Thrush is common in babies mouth and infants. Oral thrush is also common in adults who are immune deficient or have severe nutrient deficiencies or heavy metal burden. Dr Ben recommends for infants ProBiota Infant at a dose of 1/4 teaspoon twice a day during feedings. For adults, Dr Ben recommends ProBiota 12 Powder taken at 1/2 teaspoon twice a day with meals. Adults should also take 15 mg to 30 mg a day of Zinc and 200 mcg of Selenium a day for a week.
Breast feeding moms should wash the breast between feedings with soap and water. Also ensure that the babies pacifier is boiled and washed frequently throughout the day to prevent recurrent thrush. Drink plenty of filtered water throughout the day to prevent mastitis.


text:
Temperature Measurements with Smart Access Control
SmartXcan with integrated RFID reader (Mifare DESFire) is used to activate and assign the measurement to individuals. The individual record is created in the user administration with an RFID token.
Set for Privacy of information many applications require the recording and tracking of history with credentials for operational safety.
Measurements are captured by swiping RFID token. Because SmartXcan RFID is web based we save costs by using your existing system credentials. Mifare, Legic, or whichever system you use, we can integrate the SmartXcan for enhanced security and building safety.
SmartXcan measurements can be reported with assignment to individuals. As data is recorded overtime, e-mails to medical providers may also be sent. Reports can be sent by e-mail, SNMP or Web-Hook. Temperature measurements can also be viewed in the SmartXcan logbook. IT Safety and Security officers can easily set up system parameters via LDAP or Active Directory.
SmartXcan provides for accurate fever detection and RFID tagging to integrate to door access control systems.
Door Control- deny entrance while assisting in seeking medical attention
Turnstile Control- check large groups, assist in public safety
Gate control- manage access control remotely


The St. Augustine Lighthouse is the city's oldest brick structure. Between 1871 and 1874, the lightkeeper's house was built on the site to provide housing and work for the lightkeepers and their assistants. There are 219 steps to the top, and it has long been a draw for ghostbusters and passers-by.
St. Augustine lighthouse
St. Augustine Lighthouse, credits: Marinas
History of St. Augustine Lighthouse
The St. Augustine Lighthouse has a haunted reputation, which is understandable given its long and fascinating history. In 1824, the American government built Florida's first lighthouse in St. Augustine.
Old St. Augustine house which fell into the ocean in 1880.
The old St. Augustine lighthouse fell into the ocean in 1880.
This lighthouse was built on the site of an earlier watchtower built by the Spanish explorer Pedro Menendez De Aviles in 1564, according to official reports. In 1586, the Spanish defended the settlement against the British pirate Sir Francis Drake. During Queen Anne's War in 1702, a brutal British attack occurred, followed by another ferocious British siege in 1740.
When Britain took over St. Augustine in 1763, one of the first boats sent to the territory, the HMS Industry, sank in the waters just below the looming lighthouse. Due to erosion and changing coastline, the old tower fell into the sea in 1880, but not before the new lighthouse was lit. The tower ruins are now a submerged archaeological site.
The first tower's lamps burned lard oil, and around 1855, Fresnel Lenses were used to replace the silver reflectors in multiple lamps, improving the range and eliminating the constant maintenance issues.
By 1870, beach erosion had put the first lighthouse in jeopardy. As a result, during Florida's reconstruction period in 1871, work on the new lighthouse began. In 1874, the tower was finished, and a new first-order Fresnel lens was installed to extend the range.
Head-keeper William A. Harn of Philadelphia was in charge of the Augustine Lighthouse for the first 20 years. Harn and his six daughters moved in with him. Major Harn was a Union war hero who commanded his own battery during the Gettysburg battle. After several years of testing, the lard oil was replaced with kerosene in the lamps.
Keeper's house at St. Augustine House
Keeper's House
The lighthouse "swayed violently" during the Charleston Earthquake on August 32, 1886, but no damage was reported. During WWII, the lighthouse served as a watchtower for enemy ships and submarines that frequented the area.
Spirits of the St. Augustine Lighthouse
On October 15, 1874, the new lighthouse was completed about 500 yards southwest of the original lighthouse. The new lighthouse's bright yellow light could be seen up to 24 nautical miles away, and the same lens is still used in the lighthouse today. With over 400 years of history, the Saint Augustine Lighthouse is bound to have a few ghosts of its own.
St. Augustine Stairs from the top. Credits: Wikimedia Commons
St. Augustine Stairs from the top. Credits: Wikimedia Commons
Peter Rasmusson
The basement of the Augustine Lighthouse is the most active area of the house, with visitors reporting seeing a large man dressed in a blue suit roaming around the basement. A keeper or an assistant is said to have hanged himself in the basement of the keeper's house just years after the new lighthouse was completed, which could be why his ghost wanders there.
Even the Keeper's house workers claim to have seen a man in a blue suit lurking in the shadows. Staff at the lighthouse believe this is the ghost of Peter Rasmussen, who served as the lighthouse keeper for the longest period of time of any keeper at the lighthouse, from 1901 to 1924.
Peter was a cigar-loving smoker who was one of the first ghosts that people claimed to have encountered. He despised tourists and was generally grumpy. Many people, including staff and visitors, have detected the odor of Peter's cigar.
The Children
The lighthouse was built between 1871 and 1874, and Pittee's children, along with an unnamed girl believed to be the worker's daughter, are said to have decided to play in the supply cart that ran from the construction site high on the coast down to the water below when tragedy struck. When the supply cart collided with another cart, the children were unable to escape in time, causing the cart to slam into the bay and trap them beneath it. When a worker arrived to help them, it was too late.
Eliza and Mary Pittee, as well as an unnamed worker's girl, drowned before they could be rescued. While standing on the lawn, a woman allegedly saw a young girl dressed in a red dress in the upstairs window of the keeper's house. The young girl vanished after flipping her long hair over her shoulder.
footprints of the child
Despite the fact that no children were present on the tour that evening, a child's footprint in the dirt was once discovered in the keeper's house. As if someone is playing with the locks in the upper rooms, they will unlock themselves.
In the doorway of the keeper's house, a little girl in a long lace dress was also seen. The little girl stared at the man who rented the house in 1956 and then vanished into thin air.
William Harn
The sound of William Harn coughing can be heard in the Keeper's house parlor, as he died of tuberculosis contracted during the civil war. Harn was the house's first keeper to perish.
Joseph Andreu and his Wife, Maria Mestra De Los Dolores Andreu
Locals claim that the most haunting spirits can be seen at 291 stairs and 165 feet into the night sky. At the top of the tower, Joseph's ghost has been seen. His presence could be explained by the fact that he died after falling to his death while painting the tower's outside. His spirit never left the tower, and it is thought that he can still be seen from the top.
Maria became the first official female lighthouse keeper and the first Hispanic-American woman to command a federal shore installation after her husband died. Maria can be seen in a white dress with her long hair down, according to visitors and lighthouse employees.
The top of the lighthouse has a padlocked door with a sensor that activates an alarm when it is opened. On several occasions, the door was discovered open without setting off the alarm. The alarm company looked into it, but couldn't figure out why this happened so frequently.
No one knows what is truly hidden in the lighthouse, but the brave keepers who worked tirelessly to keep the beam constant now haunt the lighthouse itself. However, the mystery remains unsolved.
Do you believe in ghosts and spirits? Read about Winchester Mystery Mansion, which spirits help built and the Sallie House.


, which integer occurs at some leaf position) can control global properties of the computation (whether the preceeding string is copied or not, whether the computation halts or proceeds). Local control of surrounding context is a reasonable description of in-situ quantification. (1) John saw everyone yesterday. This sentence means (roughly) forall x. yesterday(saw x) john That is, the quantifier *everyone* contributes a variable in the direct object position, and a universal quantifier that takes scope over the whole sentence. If we have a lexical meaning function like the following: let lex (s:string) k = match s with | "everyone" -> Node (Leaf "forall x", k "x") | "someone" -> Node (Leaf "exists y", k "y") | _ -> k s;; Then we can crudely approximate quantification as follows: # let sentence1 = Node (Leaf "John", Node (Node (Leaf "saw", Leaf "everyone"), Leaf "yesterday"));; # tree_monadize lex sentence1 (fun x -> x);; - : string tree = Node (Leaf "forall x", Node (Leaf "John", Node (Node (Leaf "saw", Leaf "x"), Leaf "yesterday"))) In order to see the effects of evaluation order, observe what happens when we combine two quantifiers in the same sentence: # let sentence2 = Node (Leaf "everyone", Node (Leaf "saw", Leaf "someone"));; # tree_monadize lex sentence2 (fun x -> x);; - : string tree = Node (Leaf "forall x", Node (Leaf "exists y", Node (Leaf "x", Node (Leaf "saw", Leaf "y")))) The universal takes scope over the existential. If, however, we replace the usual 'tree_monadizer' with 'tree_monadizer_rev', we get inverse scope: # tree_monadize_rev lex sentence2 (fun x -> x);; - : string tree = Node (Leaf "exists y", Node (Leaf "forall x", Node (Leaf "x", Node (Leaf "saw", Leaf "y")))) There are many crucially important details about quantification that are being simplified here, and the continuation treatment used here is not scalable for a number of reasons. Nevertheless, it will serve to give an idea of how continuations can provide insight into the behavior of quantifiers. The Tree monad ============== Of course, by now you may have realized that we are working with a new monad, the binary, leaf-labeled Tree monad. Just as mere lists are in fact a monad, so are trees. Here is the type constructor, unit, and bind: type 'a tree = Leaf of 'a | Node of ('a tree) * ('a tree);; let tree_unit (a: 'a) : 'a tree = Leaf a;; let rec tree_bind (u : 'a tree) (f : 'a -> 'b tree) : 'b tree = match u with | Leaf a -> f a | Node (l, r) -> Node (tree_bind l f, tree_bind r f);; For once, let's check the Monad laws. The left identity law is easy: Left identity: bind (unit a) f = bind (Leaf a) f = f a To check the other two laws, we need to make the following observation: it is easy to prove based on 'tree_bind' by a simple induction on the structure of the first argument that the tree resulting from 'bind u f' is a tree with the same strucure as 'u', except that each leaf 'a' has been replaced with the tree returned by 'f a':.. __|__ __|__ | | /\ | a1. f a1. _|__ __|__ | | | /\. a5. f a5 bind _|__ f = __|__ | | | /\. a4. f a4 __|__ __|___ | | /\ /\ a2 a3 f a2 f a3 Given this equivalence, the right identity law Right identity: bind u unit = u falls out once we realize that bind (Leaf a) unit = unit a = Leaf a As for the associative law, Associativity: bind (bind u f) g = bind u (\a. bind (f a) g) we'll give an example that will show how an inductive proof would proceed. Let 'f a = Node (Leaf a, Leaf a)'. Then. ____|____.. | | bind __|__ f = __|_ =.. | | | | __|__ __|__ a1 a2 f a1 f a2 | | | | a1 a1 a1 a1 Now when we bind this tree to 'g', we get. _____|______ | |.. __|__ __|__ | | | | g a1 g a1 g a1 g a1 At this point, it should be easy to convince yourself that using the recipe on the right hand side of the associative law will build the exact same final tree. So binary trees are a monad. Haskell combines this monad with the Option monad to provide a monad called a [SearchTree](_URL_ that is intended to represent non-deterministic computations as a tree. What's this have to do with tree\_monadize? -------------------------------------------- Our different implementations of 'tree_monadize' above were different *layerings* of the Tree monad with other monads (Reader, State, List, and Continuation). We'll explore that further here: [[Monad Transformers]].


Post-COVID Background Checks in Child Care Facilities
As a background check service provider, your responsibility is not just about offering data to organizations. It's about enabling them to reduce risks such as high insurance premiums, absenteeism, employee turnover, theft, accidents, and decreased productivity with the aim of protecting the company, its employees, and customers.
This is why it is crucial that your wholesale employment screening data provider takes note of emerging risks and collects the relevant data. At present, COVID-19 highlights the need to have an exemplary wholesale employee screening solutions partner with COVID-regulated data for child care.
As companies continue to resume operations and recalling staff, parents will need a safe environment to leave their children. Though there are child care facilities, they have been forced to operate below capacity due to social distancing regulations, resulting in limited options. This is especially so in urban areas where space was limited in the first place.
Also, amidst this pandemic, it's not just about finding a child care center for children but finding one where the necessary preventive and precautionary measures for COVID are implemented. This calls for child care facilities with responsible and reliable staff. As a result, there is a greater need to access reliable wholesale employment screening data to meet your clients' needs.
Why Demand for Child Care Facility Employment Screening Is Going Up
Based on present circumstances, it is highly likely that children will remain home beyond summer. In this case, the usual capacity within child care facilities will be unable to satisfy the demand. This has been highlighted in different states that had to pass special child care regulations for the COVID period.
One such regulation is the reservation of child care facilities for essential service providers. This includes law enforcement personnel and medical staff. As organizations recall staff back to work, they're being forced to address the challenges they face with childcare.
At first, employees reported to work in shifts to ensure that they can take care of their children. However, with this not being a desirable operation mode, companies are now creating in-facility child care centers for their staff.
To ensure the children's safety and resolve any concerns their employees may have, your wholesale employment screening partner should provide you with the relevant data.
Federal Law
Other than ensuring children's safety, new child care centers need to conduct background checks on employees in order to be compliant with the law. Under federal law, all state and federal criminal background checks must be implemented on child care providers by the state.
During screening, child care personnel are subjected to fingerprint checks on the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database. This is to ensure that staff do not have a criminal history and are not a danger to children's health and safety.
Information on final dispositions for arrests on a person's rap sheet is not included in the FBI database. Therefore, your wholesale employment screening partner should provide you with data for local misdemeanors and felonies as you run checks on prospective hires for child care centers. Other areas to assist child care facilities as a background screening company is checking whether potential employees have a history of child neglect, abuse, or sexual offenses.
Screening is not limited to staff alone but should also include all adults who may have unsupervised access to children, including part-time employees, guests, and volunteers.
Why a Reliable Wholesale Employment Screening Partner Is Especially Important During the Covid-19 Pandemic
As new child care centers begin operations, employees are not only required to be conversant with child care but also COVID regulations. They need to ensure all children are screened upon entry, social distancing is observed, masks are worn, and proper sanitation practices maintained. This requires highly competent and responsible employees.
Are you in need of a dependable wholesale employment screening data provider? File Finders is a wholesale employment screening service provider committed to conducting thorough public record research to ensure clients have access to all the data available. Contact us today for thorough wholesale employment screening solutions.


Open Video Workbook
Use VLC to Stream Video
Video Lan Client (vlc) is a versatile program that does not only allow you to view video files, but also allows you to publish your live stream to the internet. VLC media player is relased under the GLP-2 and LGPL licences. In this task you will learn how to use vlc to stream the live video from your webcam to a streaming server on the internet.
What is streaming
A video file is like a bucket of water, a fixed amount of video content, while a stream is more like a water tap, it flows from the moment you start it, to the moment you stop it. This analogy also holds for actions like replaying, if you do not fill the bucket, save the stream to a file, your water or video is not replayable. You need streaming if you want other people to see your live event.
What do I need
For streaming you need:
 - A streaming server; You can setup one yourself, but for this task we will be up-streaming to giss.tv, a free streaming service for personal or non-profit use.
 - A capturing source; for this task we will use the built-in camera of your computer, but other cameras or even a file can be a source too.
 - A stable internet connection, as you are sending the video data over this connection it needs to be good, otherwise your viewers might see freezing images or nothing at all.
Where to publish to
For this excercise we will be publishing to giss.tv, a free streaming service for non-profit and personal use. You can of course also use other services. This manual can be used with any service that is built on the icecast2 streaming server, for other servers small adjustments are needed, these are pointed out below.
To use giss.tv you first have to create an account.
1. Go to the website giss.tv and halfway the page click on "Create your channel" you will be presented with a form. Below we will describe the meaning of the values and what to fill in.
 - code: this is just a code to make sure you are not a computer, try to read the code in the image on top and put it here.
 - mountpoint: this is the name of your stream, you can choose your own name here, but it has to end with ".ogg"
 - e-mail: an activation mail will be sent to this address, make sure you do not make a typo.
 - channel description: give a description of your channel here
 - keywords: a way to index the channel, use words to describe your content.
 - public: whether or not it shows on the giss.tv site (not public does not mean private!)
 - Website: you can point to your website here
 - logo url: you van point to a logo image for your channel
Read and accept the tems of use and click the button "add mounpoint" (sic). The next screen will tell you a mail has been sent to your e-mail adress. Open the mail and click on the activation link, if all went well the following screen should appear in your browser:
Congratulations, you are now ready to set up vlc to up-stream your event to the giss.tv streaming server.
Capturing your cam
To stream something you need to have a source (just like in the water example above), For this task we are going to use your webcam as a source, but most things that can produce video can be used, this includes dv-cameras, tv-cards, or even video files.
Your webcam itself produces a stream, this video stream is usually just sent to your screen, or if you are videochatting to the person on the other end. Now we need to connect it to the giss server, so giss can serve it. The program we are going to use for this is vlc.
Open vlc, go to the "Media" menu and select "Open Capture Device" you will be presented with the following menu:

Use the dropdowns to select your video and audio device, typically ther will be one of each, if it lists more you can select play on the bottom of the dialog to test if you get the desired output to your screen. If it does, just reopen the "capture device" dialog.

If you are satisfied with the selected options use the dropdown arrow on the bottom of the dialog to select that you want to stream the output rather than put it on your screen. You will be presented by the "Stream Output" dialog:

The source is already correctly filled in, so you can just click next:

If you want to see the stream on your screen "Display locally" this will let you view the stream as it is sent to the streaming server. Next, select IceCast for the "New destination" and click the add button:
A new tab presents you with the fields required to connect to the server. The information can be found in the activation mail you received earlier. You have selected your mountpoint when creating the account. the login name is separated from the password by a colon ":"
Your webcam delivers the video in a format that the streaming server does not understand, that is why we have to 'transcode' it, change the internal format to something the streaming server understands. The giss.tv server uses Theora(video) + Vorbis(audio). These formats are open, which means nobody has to pay a license fee for them.
Select Theora + Forbis as profile and click on the tools button next to it, this gives the next dialog:
 We do not need to change anything here, just click the "Video codec" tab to adjust the video settings:

This screen defines the size and quality of the streamed video.
Bitrate: this defines the quality of the image, but also the capacity that is needed on your internet connection. be aware that you are sending data from your computer to the internet, so it is not your download rate but your upload rate that counts. Most consumer lines have considerably slower upload speeds. If you do not know your upload speed you could use one of the online speed tests available, just google "speed test".
If your upload speed allows it, setting this value to the default of 800 kb/s should be file for a built-in webcam. Be aware that 128 kbps is added for the sound channel.
The resolution, this is the size at which the video is shown, for a webcam you can generally leave this without changes, otherwise you can just change one of the fields to the desired size.
Hit save when you are done. You will be sent back to the "stream output" dialog. Every thing is set here so you can just click "stream". Depending on your earlier choice you will see a black vlc window or you will see the stream as it will be sent to the server.
Connect your webbrowser or another VLC to your stream (_URL_ in the example) and you should see the stream. There will be some delay as at every stage there is a buffer to make surre there are no interruptions in the video output.


The Real Reason There's An Absorbent Pad In Meat Packages
When you buy meat, you've likely noticed the pad that comes in the packaging, and you've thrown it away without giving it any thought other than trying not to drip meat juice all over yourself, the floor, or the counter. However, the pad actually does serve an important purpose.
The reason it's there is not surprising — it's to soak up liquids from the meat or poultry to prevent them from pooling in the package. This serves multiple purposes. For one, it makes the cooking process less messy, which is important for hygiene in the home (via MyRecipes). It is also a food safety measure. The liquids from meat, unappetizingly referred to as "purge," can contain bacteria, and by absorbing the liquids, it prevents as much live bacteria as possible from leaking, as well as preserving the meat or poultry because the liquid would otherwise cause more bacteria to grow. This would increase the risk of foodborne illnesses (via My Fearless Kitchen).
What is the pad made of?
The absorbent pads are made from specific forms of paper with a plastic liner, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the agency in charge of the production, packaging, and safety standards of food made in the United States.
The packaging is regulated and overseen by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure that it doesn't contain harmful chemicals. Every piece of material that goes into meat or poultry packaging has to be individually petitioned and approved by the agency before it can be put into the pack with meat (via USDA).
The pads are made from silica gel, purified sand, or from cellulose, which is a purified plant fiber. The pads are then coated in a non-toxic, perforated plastic wrap, which allows the liquid to seep into the pad and remain there, sort of like the wicking fabric in workout clothing holds the sweat off your body so wet clothes aren't against your skin.
Is this absorbent pad safe?
As a result of the regulatory process, these pads that can hold up to 40 grams of liquid are generally safe. While eating the absorbent pad is obviously not recommended, if you find that it sticks to your meat and you accidentally cook it, so long as the pad isn't melted, torn, or broken open after the meat has been cooked, the meat is still safe to eat. Any bacteria that may have lingered on the pad would have been killed during the cooking process. Just remove the remaining bits and enjoy your meal.
Even if you do accidentally ingest a piece of the pad, it isn't digestible so it should move straight through your digestive tract without breaking down so you will likely be fine though best to try to avoid it in the first place.


text:
Numerical analysis of penetration, radiation, and scattering for a 2D slotted semielliptical channel filled with isorefractive material
journal contributionposted on 03.02.2014, 00:00 by Danilo Erricolo, Michael D. Lockard, Chalmers M. Butler, Piergiorgio L.E. Uslenghi
Electromagnetic penetration through an aperture into a cavity is considered. The structure of interest comprises a slotted infinite conducting plane backed by a semielliptical channel. Three independent integral equations are used to study the structure of interest,for which analytical expressions are derived in another paper and involve summations of Mathieu functions. Numerical results from the analytical expressions for the electromagnetic fields are compared with those from integral equation methods for various cases of excitation and isorefractive materials. The agreement is excellent in all cases.


{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings, TypeSynonymInstances, FlexibleInstances #-} {- | Module : Data.GraphViz.Printing Description : Helper functions for converting to Dot format. Copyright : (c) Ivan Lazar Miljenovic License : 3-Clause BSD-style Maintainer : _EMAIL_ This module defines simple helper functions for use with "Text.PrettyPrint". It also re-exports all the pretty-printing combinators from that module. Note that the 'PrintDot' instances for 'Bool', etc. match those specified for use with Graphviz. You should only be using this module if you are writing custom node types for use with "Data.GraphViz.Types". For actual printing of code, use @'Data.GraphViz.Types.printDotGraph'@ (which produces a 'Text' value). The Dot language specification specifies that any identifier is in one of four forms: * Any string of alphabetic ([a-zA-Z\\200-\\377]) characters, underscores ('_') or digits ([0-9]), not beginning with a digit; * a number [-]?(.[0-9]+ | [0-9]+(.[0-9]*)? ); * any double-quoted string (\"...\") possibly containing escaped quotes (\\\"); * an HTML string (\<...\>). (Note that the first restriction is referring to a byte-by-byte comparison using octal values; when using UTF-8 this corresponds to all characters @c@ where @ord c >= 128@.) Due to these restrictions, you should only use 'text' when you are sure that the 'Text' in question is static and quotes are definitely needed/unneeded; it is better to use the 'Text' instance for 'PrintDot'. For more information, see the specification page: -} module Data.GraphViz.Printing ( module Text.PrettyPrint.Leijen.Text.Monadic , DotCode , renderDot -- Exported for Data.GraphViz.Types.printSGID , PrintDot(..) , unqtText , dotText , printIt , addQuotes , unqtEscaped , printEscaped , wrap , commaDel , printField , angled , fslash , printColorScheme ) where import Data.GraphViz.Util import Data.GraphViz.State -- To avoid orphan instances and cyclic imports import Data.GraphViz.Attributes.ColorScheme -- Only implicitly import and re-export combinators. import Text.PrettyPrint.Leijen.Text.Monadic hiding ( SimpleDoc(..) , renderPretty , renderCompact , displayT , displayIO , putDoc , hPutDoc , Pretty(..) , bool , string) import qualified Text.PrettyPrint.Leijen.Text.Monadic as PP import qualified Data.Text.Lazy as T import Data.Text.Lazy(Text) import Data.Char(toLower) import qualified Data.Set as Set import Data.Word(Word8, Word16) import Control.Monad(ap, when) import Control.Monad.Trans.State -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | A type alias to indicate what is being produced. type DotCode = State GraphvizState Doc instance Show DotCode where showsPrec d = showsPrec d . renderDot -- | Correctly render Graphviz output. renderDot :: DotCode -> Text renderDot = PP.displayT . PP.renderPretty 0.4 80 . flip evalState initialState -- | A class used to correctly print parts of the Graphviz Dot language. -- Minimal implementation is 'unqtDot'. class PrintDot a where -- | The unquoted representation, for use when composing values to -- produce a larger printing value. unqtDot :: a -> DotCode -- | The actual quoted representation; this should be quoted if it -- contains characters not permitted a plain ID String, a number -- or it is not an HTML string. Defaults to 'unqtDot'. toDot :: a -> DotCode toDot = unqtDot -- | The correct way of representing a list of this value when -- printed; not all Dot values require this to be implemented. -- Defaults to Haskell-like list representation. unqtListToDot :: [a] -> DotCode unqtListToDot = list . mapM unqtDot -- | The quoted form of 'unqtListToDot'; defaults to wrapping double -- quotes around the result of 'unqtListToDot' (since the default -- implementation has characters that must be quoted). listToDot :: [a] -> DotCode listToDot = dquotes . unqtListToDot -- | Convert to DotCode; note that this has no indentation, as we can -- only have one of indentation and (possibly) infinite line lengths. printIt :: (PrintDot a) => a -> Text printIt = renderDot . toDot instance PrintDot Int where unqtDot = int instance PrintDot Integer where unqtDot = text . T.pack . show instance PrintDot Word8 where unqtDot = int . fromIntegral instance PrintDot Word16 where unqtDot = int . fromIntegral instance PrintDot Double where -- If it's an "integral" double, then print as an integer. This -- seems to match how Graphviz apps use Dot. unqtDot d = if d == fromIntegral di then int di else double d where di = round d toDot d = if any ((==) 'e' . toLower) $ show d then dquotes ud else ud where ud = unqtDot d unqtListToDot = hcat . punctuate colon . mapM unqtDot listToDot [d] = toDot d listToDot ds = dquotes $ unqtListToDot ds instance PrintDot Bool where unqtDot True = text "true" unqtDot False = text "false" instance PrintDot Char where unqtDot = char toDot = qtChar unqtListToDot = unqtDot . T.pack listToDot = toDot . T.pack instance PrintDot Text where unqtDot = unqtString toDot = qtString -- | For use with @OverloadedStrings@ to avoid ambiguous type variable errors. unqtText :: Text -> DotCode unqtText = unqtDot -- | For use with @OverloadedStrings@ to avoid ambiguous type variable errors. dotText :: Text -> DotCode dotText = toDot -- | Check to see if this 'Char' needs to be quoted or not. qtChar :: Char -> DotCode qtChar c | restIDString c = char c -- Could be a number as well. | otherwise = dquotes $ char c needsQuotes :: Text -> Bool needsQuotes str | T.null str = True | isKeyword str = True | isIDString str = False | isNumString str = False | otherwise = True addQuotes :: Text -> DotCode -> DotCode addQuotes = bool id dquotes . needsQuotes -- | Escape quotes in Strings that need them. unqtString :: Text -> DotCode unqtString "" = empty unqtString str = unqtEscaped [] str -- no quotes? no worries! -- | Escape quotes and quote Texts that need them (including keywords). qtString :: Text -> DotCode qtString = printEscaped [] instance (PrintDot a) => PrintDot [a] where unqtDot = unqtListToDot toDot = listToDot wrap :: DotCode -> DotCode -> DotCode -> DotCode wrap b a d = b <> d <> a commaDel :: (PrintDot a, PrintDot b) => a -> b -> DotCode commaDel a b = unqtDot a <> comma <> unqtDot b printField :: (PrintDot a) => Text -> a -> DotCode printField f v = text f <> equals <> toDot v -- | Escape the specified chars as well as @\


If your Apple TV doesn't turn on
Learn what to do if your Apple TV doesn't turn on, show video or has a flashing status light.
Try these steps
After each step, see if your issue has resolved.
 1. Unplug both ends of the HDMI cable, then firmly plug them back in. Or try using a different HDMI cable to see if the cable causes the issue. Then in the television menu, make sure that you select the HDMI input that matches the HDMI port connected to the Apple TV.
 2. Unplug your television and your Apple TV from power, then plug both back in.
 3. Try to restore your Apple TV.
Still need help?
 - Try a different HDMI port on your television, starting with HDMI 1 or Input 1.
 - If you see the Apple logo and then a black screen, hold Menu and Volume Down for 5 seconds, then release. Your Apple TV will switch to a new resolution every 20 seconds. Select OK to choose a resolution or Cancel to quit.
 - If you're using a receiver or an HDMI switch, one of these might be the issue. Connect your Apple TV directly to the television instead of using the receiver or HDMI switch. If you now see the Apple TV Home screen, connect your receiver or HDMI switch one at a time. After each additional device is connected, check that you still see the Home screen on your television.
If you still can't see a picture on your television, hear sound, or only see the Apple logo, contact Apple Support.
Published Date:


text:
Si and Ge are widely used as analyzing crystals for x-rays. Drastic and accurate shaping of Si or Ge gives significant advance in the x-ray field, although covalently bonded Si or Ge crystals have long been believed to be not deformable to various shapes. Recently, we developed a deformation technique for obtaining strongly and accurately shaped Si or Ge wafers of high crystal quality, and the use of the deformed wafer made it possible to produce fine-focused x-rays. In the present study, we prepared a cylindrical Ge wafer with a radius of curvature of 50 mm, and acquired fluorescent x-rays simultaneously from four elements by combining the cylindrical Ge wafer with a position-sensitive detector. The energy resolution of the x-ray fluorescence spectrum was as good as that obtained using a flat single crystal, and its gain was over 100. The demonstration of the simultaneous acquisition of high-resolution x-ray fluorescence spectra indicated various possibilities of x-ray spectrometry, such as one-shot x-ray spectroscopy and highly efficient wave-dispersive x-ray spectrometers.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
I helped a member at _URL_ with a problem last week that ended with an interesting solution. The explanation of how it worked was a bit complicated and worthy of sharing, hence this is the topic of today's post.
Count the Working Days Between Two Dates
The requirement was to count the working days between the arrival date (say of a request) and the approval date of that request.
I set up a simple data model as follows
The data table has a unique identifier (ID), a received date and a approved date.
I created a simple calendar table that has just 2 columns; a Dates column and a flag to indicate if each date is a working day. I used 0s and 1s in this second column so that it would be easy to add up this column to calculate the total working days.
I then created a single join between the calendar date and the received date. Technically I could have created the join on the Date Approved column as an alternative, however it is possible (even likely) that some requests will be "open" and hence will not have an Approved Date at some point in time. For this reason I have used the Date Received column to make the join.
Calculated Column or Measure?
There are many ways to write a formula that will work. Of course it is possible to write a calculated column in the data table that contains the total business days for each request. This would not be a complete disaster in this case as the cardinality of this column is likely to be relatively low. However this is not the best approach for a number of other reasons, the main one being that "Measures" are the turbo charged super tools of Power Pivot (read all the reasons here). You should invest time to learn how to write Measures, even (especially) when it is hard. In doing so you will build your skills and depth of understanding of how to use and leverage Power Pivot.
If you laze about in calculated columns world, you will never develop your skills enough to be really good at DAX.
Part Solution: A Simple SUM Measure
The first part of the Measure I wrote to solve this problem is as follows:
= CALCULATE( SUM(Calendar[Is Weekday]), FILTER( ALL('Calendar'), 'Calendar'[Date] >= MAX(Data[Date Received]) && 'Calendar'[Date] <= MAX(Data[Date Approved]) ) )
When reading a CALCULATE formula, you always start with the second parameter – in this case the FILTER function (lines 3 through 7). Filter is an iterator, and in this case it is iterating over the CALENDAR table AFTER any existing filters on the Calendar table are first removed (line 4).
FILTER works through each row in the Calendar table and checks to see if the date of each row in the Calendar table is greater than the maximum Date Received (in the current filter context) and also if that date is less than the maximum Date Approved (also in the current filter context). The FILTER function keeps the rows in the Calendar table that pass this test, and then CALCULATE (line 1) applies this FILTER prior to adding up the week days (line 2). Actually, This FILTER function is not very efficient – a better solution is provided below.
It is easier to understand how the formula works with an example, so read on.
Worked Through Example in a Pivot Table
Look at Request ID 2 in the pivot table below (the second row in the pivot). Pivot tables naturally provide initial filter context to the data model – that's what they do; that's why they are so great.
When looking at Request ID 2 in the above pivot table, the data model has an initial filter context so that only a single row in the Data table is "visible". It is possible to simulate this initial filter context into the Data table by physically applying a filter to the source table (like shown below ID = 2). You can do this in the Power Pivot window, or in this case I have used the linked table in Excel to simulate the filter as shown below.
When you simulate the initial filter context like this, it is much easier to understand how the formula works. Referring back to the formula (lines 6 and 7), you need to ask yourself "What is the MAX value of Date Received in the current filter context?". The answer is clearly 4th Jan and the maximum of Date Approved in the current filter context is 9th Jan. Once you know the answer to the MAX parts of this FILTER function (lines 6 & 7), it is then a lot easier to understand what the FILTER function is actually doing. Remember line 5 of the formula first removes all filters on the Calendar[Date] column (in this example there actually are no filters on the calendar table as there are no columns from Calendar in the pivot). Then FILTER checks each row of the Calendar table to see if the date in each row is >= 4th Jan and also <= 9th Jan. FILTER keeps all rows in the Calendar table that pass this test. Note I could have used MAX or MIN or even VALUES to "harvest" the value in the current filter context. In some cases you can even use SUM or AVERAGE – it really depends on your data and what you are trying to do. In short, the Aggregation functions and VALUES when used this way will "harvest" the value in the current filter context – very useful.
It is possible to simulate the results of this FILTER function on the Calendar table the same way as I showed with the Data table above. In the image below, note how I have used the standard Excel table filter feature to simulate the FILTER function in DAX. After applying the filters in Excel, there are 6 rows left in the table, and 5 of those rows have an "IS Weekday" value of 1.
So when SUM in the formula kicks in, it will return the value 5 – exactly the value shown in the pivot table above.
Note how much easier it is to understand and learn how these functions work when you simulate what is happening in the actual tables? This is a great way to learn to "think in tables".
The First Problem with this Partial Formula
You may have noticed that there is a problem with the partial formula shown above. Referring back to the pivot table (shown here again), see how the Grand Total row is blank?
What is really needed is for the Grand Total row to be the sum of the values shown in the rows in the pivot table ie the Grand Total should be 10. To understand why the Grand Total it is blank, you have to go through the same process I walked through above. In short, the initial filter context of the Grand Total in the pivot table is "completely un-filtered". So MAX of Date Received is 15th Jan and MAX of Date Approved is 11th Jan. If you go ahead and simulate this by applying these filters onto the Excel Calendar table (like before), there are no rows in the Calendar table that pass the test. The Calendar table is therefore completely filtered of all rows – none is visible, and hence the SUM formula returns BLANK (note it is BLANK, not 0).
A More Complete SUMX Solution (Still Not Optimal)
Whenever you get this "Grand Totals don't add up" problem, you should think of SUMX as the solution. I like to think of SUMX as a way to "simulate the natural filtering behaviour provided by the rows of the pivot table". Each row of the pivot table is providing initial filter context for one record in the Data table and hence the formula works on row level. But no such Data table filtering is provided by the Grand Total row and hence the formula doesn't work on Grand Total level. I cover this SUM vs SUMX behaviour in more depth in a blog post here.
Here is a formula that you may think should work, but it actually doesn't work at all.
Work Days SUMX Wrong = SUMX(Data, CALCULATE( SUM('Calendar'[Is Weekday]), FILTER( ALL('Calendar'), 'Calendar'[Date] >= MAX(Data[Date Received]) && 'Calendar'[Date] <= MAX(Data[Date Approved]) ) ) )
In the above formula, SUMX iterates over the Data table (line 2). For each row in the Data table, the formula lines 3 through 10 are executed. Intermediate DAX users can be forgiven for thinking that Context Transition occurs because of the CALCULATE function on line 3 – but in this case it does not happen. Remember earlier in the post I explained that the second parameter of CALCULATE is the first part of the formula to be executed. So in the above formula, the FILTER portion (lines 5 through 9) is executed in the initial filter context without any context transition. The CALCULATE isn't executed until after the FILTER portion is complete. That is why CALCULATE in this case does not force Context Transition and that is why this formula doesn't work.
Here is a formula that does work (Still Not Optimal)
Work Days SUMX= SUMX(Data, CALCULATE( CALCULATE( SUM('Calendar'[Is Weekday]), FILTER( ALL('Calendar'), 'Calendar'[Date] >= MAX(Data[Date Received]) && 'Calendar'[Date] <= MAX(Data[Date Approved]) ) ) ) )
Note above in this new correct formula the addition of a second CALCULATE on line 4. The CALCULATE function (ending on line 12) only has a single parameter (which is the second CALCULATE from line 4 through 11). Because the inner CALCULATE function is the first parameter of the outer CALCULATE, the outer CALCULATE is executed first (note if the inner CALCULATE was the second