Human-made materials may now outweigh all living things on Earth, report finds
 A new report finds that the weight of human-made materials like the concrete, asphalt and plastic used in the buildings of the New York City skyline, for example, may now exceed biomass on Earth.
(CNN)From roads and buildings to cars and plastic, human civilization is built on lots of stuff.
But roughly how much stuff have we actually created? And in the process, how much of the natural world have we consumed or destroyed?
A new analysis finds that on both counts, it's a lot... so much, in fact, that these materials may now outweigh all of the living things left on Earth.
The year 2020 could be the year when human-made mass surpasses the overall weight of biomass -- estimated to be roughly 1,100,000,000,000 tons, or 1.1 teratons -- a milestone scientists say speaks to the enormous impact that humans have had on the planet.
 The analysis was published Wednesday in the scientific journal Nature, and was conducted by a group of researchers from Israel's Weizmann Institute of Science.
 To make their calculations, the researchers divided human-made objects into six main categories: concrete, aggregates (including materials like gravel), bricks, asphalt, metals and "other" materials, which includes plastic, wood used for construction and paper, and glass.
 This mass is now overwhelmingly dominated by concrete, aggregates, bricks and asphalt, which today are the foundation for modern buildings, roads and other infrastructure.
 Vehicles are driven along the Yan'an Elevated Road in Shanghai, China. A new study finds that the mass of materials embedded in our roads, cars and much more may now exceed the overall weight of all biomass on Earth.
 The researchers did not consider waste in making their calculation, though if it were factored in, it would have likely tipped the scales in favor of human-made materials as early as 2013, the study found.
 Looking at biomass, the authors found that plants represent the overwhelming majority of living things -- approximately 90% -- followed by bacteria, fungi, single-celled archaea, protists, and animals. This also includes humans themselves, as well as crops and livestock raised for food.
 The study finds that humans have changed the planet with staggering speed.
 Since the first agricultural revolution began roughly 12,000 years ago, humans have cut global biomass nearly in half, from 2 teratons to around 1.1 teratons today.
 Though an ever-growing amount of Earth's land is being used to grow crops, their total mass is dwarfed by losses elsewhere in the biosphere, where deforestation and other shifts in land use driven by humans have dramatically shrunk plant mass. The study finds that hunting, overfishing and the raising of farm animals have also cut into the overall biomass.
 Visitors look at a giant machine called a spreader dumping earth near an open-pit coal mine in Neupetershain, Germany. As people have dramatically cut into the natural world, they have also ramped up the production of materials in the last 120 years, a new study finds.
 While the mass of organisms has continued to shrink over the last 120 years, humans have dramatically ramped up material production, making it the key driver of the shift in balance between human-made materials and nature.
 At the start of the 20th century, human-produced objects were equal to just 3% of global biomass.
 But explosive growth has continued almost unabated since World War II. Today, the authors estimate that human-made mass is being produced at a rate of roughly 30,000,000,000 tons (30 gigatons) per year.
 This means that on average, materials outweighing the body weight of every person on the planet are being produced each week.
 If this pace continues, human-made mass -- including waste -- is expected to exceed 3 teratons by 2040, tripling the weight of all living things.
 Given the challenges of accounting for such huge global stocks of human-made mass and biomass -- and how you define the two -- the authors acknowledge there is uncertainty about exactly when we will reach the crossover point.
 It is possible that the point of transition already occurred in the past decade, and if not, it will occur in the next 20 years, the study says.
 Explosive growth in the use of concrete, aggregates, bricks and asphalt, which today are the foundation for modern buildings and roads -- like these seen in Los Angeles -- are driving the growth globally of human-made materials.


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Process is defined as a series of actions to achieve a particular end. The process for the above map began in a different context. Originally, it depicted just the United States. However, that did not show the complexity of how tourism affects the use of water in Los Angeles. Even though it began along the correct lines, the end of that process was not the desired effect despite having all the data that was needed to achieve it. And thus the process began anew.
The City of Angels is a popular tourist destination, attracting 41.4 million visitors, second to New Yorks annual average of 48 million tourist. But then again that is New York city, the Big Apple, the City that Never Sleeps. The City of Angels, on the other hand likes its beauty sleep as much as it likes its water. But the question lies on how does tourism effect water consumption in Los Angeles? The answer was a bit surprising. It is estimated that domestic US tourists use 3% more water than they do when they are home and international tourist visiting the US use about 3.5% more water. In long run, what does this mean. The DWP reported that in 2012, Los Angeles water demand was about 200 billion gallons of water. Tourist, on average will use about 6.5% of that water demand, or 70 million gallons of water per year.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Bill would make Cahokia Mounds a national park
CAHOKIA, Ill. (KFVS) - A bill introduced on Monday, April 19 would establish Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site as a national park.
The Cahokia Mounds and Mississippian Culture National Historic Park would include mounds in Madison, St. Clair and Monroe Counties, as well as Sugarloaf Mound in St. Louis.
The park would be jointly managed between the park service and local stakeholders.
"Southern Illinois is home to one of American history's greatest civilizations," said U.S. Representative Mike Bost. "Cahokia was the largest city and center of the ancient Mississippian people. Cahokia and the associated mounds sites in the region are a critical part of our history and incorporating them into our national park system will help us preserve this history for generations to come. I appreciate the dedication of HeartLands Conservancy and all of our state and local leaders who have been working tirelessly to make this effort a reality."
Cahokia, "America's First City," was built about 1,000 years ago by the Mississippians.
The region was home to 10,000-20,000 people at its peak around 1200 A.D.
Currently, the Cahokia Mounds is a 2,200 acre state historic site made up of more than 70 mounds.
Cahokia Mounds is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a National Historic Landmark and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
The site is currently administered by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. In 2018, the department announced support for national park status, and in May of 2019, the Illinois House of Representatives backed a resolution supporting the statute.
Copyright 2021 KFVS. All rights reserved.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of older adults. They have been encouraged to stay at home, and restrictions have limited social interactions and increased social isolation. Social isolation is associated with increased emotional distress and depressive symptoms in older adults. Despite the increase in isolation during the pandemic, there have been limited studies that examine differences in mental well-being between household compositions. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether religious belief, networks, and technology usage influence the mental well-being of older adults in coupleand single-households during COVID-19. It is important to understand how various factors impact mental health for older adults living in different household types during the pandemic as this may guide future interventions.
This study used Health and Retirement Survey COVID Project data. The sample was comprised of respondents aged 60 or older (N=1,249). The independent variables consisted of age, gender, education, race, ethnicity (Hispanic), perceived health, household income, digital technology usage, religious belief, and network with a spouse, children, other family members, and friends. This study adopted scales of mental health, digital technology usage, religious belief, and networks from HRS. Simple regression analyses were conducted with coupleand single-households to examine what factors affected older adults' mental health during COVID-19.
The study found that perceived health, religious belief, network with other family members, and digital technology usage have different impacts on the mental health of older adults. In couple households (n=795), health [b=1.7], digital technology usage [b=0.3], and network with spouse [b=0.2], children [b=0.2], and friends [b=0.2] had significant positive effects on mental health [p<.05]. Regarding the single older adults (n=448), their mental health had positive relationships with perceived physical health [b=1.9], religious belief [b=0.1], and network with children [b=0.2], other family members [b=0.2], and friends [b=0.3, p<.05].
Conclusion and Implications
This study contributes to a more complete understanding of what factors positively impact mental health outcomes in older adults during the pandemic and how perceived health, networks, religious belief, and digital technology usage impact individuals in different household types. The study results indicate that perceived good health status had a positive impact on older adults' mental health in both household types. The findings suggest that technology use and closer relationships with a spouse, children, and friends are associated with better mental health outcomes in couple households. On the other hand, closer relationships with children, friends, and other family members and religious belief were important for the mental well-being in single households. Using technology had no significant relationship to mental health in single households. However, since the pandemic began, research has revealed that technology use has a significantly positive capacity to promote mental health in couple households. Further research is needed to understand factors related to technology use in single older adults. Increasing technology use may help prevent isolation and improve mental well-being in single households.


Food anticipation depends on oscillators and memories in both body and brain
Rae Silver, Peter D. Balsam, Matthew P. Butler, Joseph LeSauter
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
29 Scopus citations
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Food anticipation depends on oscillators and memories in both body and brain'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Medicine & Life Sciences


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Table of Contents
Is There a Tax Credit for Buying a New House?
There is no specific, broad federal tax credit in the United States solely for buying a new house.
Tax credits and incentives related to homeownership can vary over time and may depend on specific circumstances, such as being a first-time homebuyer or making energy-efficient improvements.
Here's an overview of tax credits many first-time homebuyers can claim.
10 Tax Breaks You Have as a New Homebuyer
Tax credits and breaks for first-time home buyers can be an attractive incentive that makes purchasing a home more affordable.
These credits are designed to support new buyers and stimulate the housing market.
The details and availability of such credits can vary widely depending on the country, state, or even city, as well as the specific time period.
1. Residential Clean Energy Tax Credits
Energy tax credits are incentives provided by governments to encourage individuals and businesses to make energy-efficient choices.
These tax credits can help offset the costs of implementing energy-saving technologies and practices.
By doing so, governments aim to reduce energy consumption, decrease reliance on fossil fuels, promote the adoption of renewable energy sources, and mitigate environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions.
Here are some common types of energy tax credits:
- Energy-Efficient Home Improvements: Homeowners may receive credits for making energy-saving improvements, such as installing energy-efficient windows, doors, insulation, and certain roofing materials.
- Renewable Energy Systems: Credits might be available for installing renewable energy systems, such as solar panels, wind turbines, or geothermal heat pumps.
2. Interest on Your Mortgage
Most people don't realize that within certain limits, you can deduct your mortgage interest.
The way it works is if you bought your home before December 15, 2017, you're entitled to deduct interest payments up to $1 million in loans that you used for purchasing a home, building a house, home improvement, or buying a second home.
However, if you purchased after this date, there are changes. First, the amount you can claim has been reduced to $750,000. This runs until 2025, when the $1 million limit will return.
There are no differences between filing separately or jointly. However, married couples filing separately will see the overall amount cut in half.
3. Private Mortgage Insurance Deduction
You'll usually have Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) if you borrowed an amount worth 80% or more of the total purchase price.
PMI premiums that were taken out following 2006 were tax deductible for homeowners who have itemized for more than 20 years.
This deduction expired in 2016 and was extended to 2017. After 2018, PMI premiums aren't tax deductible any longer.
If there's an extension, the amount you can deduct depends on your household income. It begins to be phased out after $100,000.
Married couples filing separately will see the phase-out start at $50,000. After $110,000, there's no deduction.
Married couples filing separately will see the deduction removed if they earn more than $55,000 per year.
4. The Points Deduction
The 'Points' system is a fee charged by mortgage lenders. Of the loan principal, one point equals 1%.
Unfortunately, most home loans have between one and three points, which inevitably leads to thousands of extra dollars you must find from somewhere.
If you have a mortgage, you can fully deduct the value of the points from your tax.
If you have a refinanced mortgage, you can also deduct the points. This can only be done over the full term of the loan, though, rather than all at the same time.
If you refinance your mortgage, you can remove the balance from the old loan and begin with the new points on your refinanced loan.
5. Interest on Home Equity Loans
Before 2018, the interest could be deducted on home equity loans up to a $100,000 limit.
After that, the money could be used for anything you wanted, and you'd still get to take advantage of the deduction.
For example, a homeowner could deduct interest from a home equity loan and then use it to pay for a college education or to pay down credit card debt.
That deduction has been removed from 2018 up to 2025.
However, one piece of good news is that the deduction is still active if you use the money to buy, build, or improve a home/second home.
Your primary or secondary home must also secure this loan.
So now, you can take the deduction if you want to add another room to your home or to refit your kitchen.
Take note that this deduction counts towards the interest deduction limit on mortgages listed in the first part of this guide.
6. Property Tax Deduction
One of the most significant introductions of the TCJA was a $10,000 annual cap on how much you can deduct from property, state, and local taxes.
Previously, there was never any cap. Now, this cap lasts from 2018 to 2025.
Now, you can only deduct up to $10,000 from property tax, state income tax, and state/local sales taxes.
There's no index for inflation, and both single and married taxpayers have the same limit.
If your lender demands that you set up some form of escrow or impound account, you can't deduct the money held for property taxes until the money is used to pay them.
Any city or state refund on property tax is deducted from the possible Federal reduction.
7. Tax Deductions for Home Offices
Are you using part of your home to run a business on an exclusive basis?
You may be able to deduct a portion of the costs, such as part of your insurance, any repair costs, and general depreciation.
8. Selling Costs
Whenever you decide to sell your home, you have to consider taxable capital gains. But you can take a reduction on this taxable amount.
There are exclusions, so you may not have to worry about this at all if the amount is low enough to fall within that zone.
You'll find that there are a variety of selling costs involved when it comes to selling your home, such as inspection fees, title insurance, real estate commissions, legal fees, and more.
Every selling cost can be deducted from your total gain. The gain is the selling price minus closing costs, selling costs, and what's known as your tax basis.
On a side note, your tax basis is calculated by taking the original purchase price and adding on the cost of capital improvements minus depreciation.
9. What is Capital Gains Exclusion?
As mentioned before, capital gains exclusion could reduce the amount of tax you have to pay when you sell your own home.
Married couples who file jointly will be able to keep $500,000 in profit when they sell their primary residence (if they lived in it for two of the last five years).
Single filers can keep $250,000, with the same limit applied to married couples who decide to file separately.
10. Mortgage Tax Credit Deductions
There's a program called the Mortgage Credit Certificate (MCC) designed for low-income homebuyers who are purchasing for the first time.
It provides a 20% mortgage interest credit of up to 20% of interest payments. The size of the credit does depend on the area of the country you happen to live in.
The cap on this tax credit is $2,000 per year if the certificate credit rate exceeds 20%.
To claim this credit, you must apply to your local or state government to obtain the certificate.
This credit is available every year that you have the loan and for every year that you live in the house, you purchased with the certificate.
In addition, any credit will be automatically subtracted from the income tax you owe.
These deductions are a general overview of what you can claim. There are more complex laws regarding when and how much of credit you can claim.
To find out more information about the credits you can claim, visit the official IRS website.
Online Tax Filing for Help at Tax Time
When you turn to online tax filing for help, it will be like an interview. They will ask easy-to-answer questions while filling in the correct tax forms for you behind the scenes.
The answers you provide will enable them to help you claim the home buyer tax credits and deductions you qualify for.
If you are unsure how to answer a question, there are tax experts readily available to help you.
Tax filing online provides you with easy importing of your w-2 information and step-by-step instructions to ensure that you get every Homeowner tax deduction and credit that you are eligible for.
Online tax filing ensures that you get the largest refund possible.
They even have a free tax refund calculator available that allows you to know the amount of money that you will be getting back.


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Handbook of Fruit and Vegetable Flavors
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Other Available Formats: Hardcover
Acting as chemical messengers for olfactory cells, food flavor materials are organic compounds that give off a strong, typically pleasant smells. Handbook of Fruit and Vegetable Flavors explores the flavor science and technology of fruits and vegetables, spices, and oils by first introducing specific flavors and their commercialization, then detailing the technical aspects, including biology, biotechnology, chemistry, physiochemistry, processing, analysis, extraction, commodities, and requirements for application as food additives. With chapter authors representing more than ten different countries, this handy reference provides a comprehensive view of this evolving science.


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General method for calculating the properties of oxide glasses and glass forming melts from their composition and temperature
A new method for calculating various properties of glasses and glass forming melts has been proposed. The method covers such properties as viscosity and standard points, density, heat capacity and enthalpy, refractive index and its dispersion, coefficient of thermal expansion, surface tension, elastic moduli, and ultrasonic velocities. Temperature dependences of the properties (except for elastic and acoustic properties) could also be calculated. The above mentioned properties could be calculated for glasses and glass forming melts belonging to various oxide systems: 64 oxides can be included in the calculation. The method is based on assuming chemical equilibria between structural groups, which are found in glass forming melts. The results of calculations have been compared with the experimental data for properties of about 100 000 glasses and glass forming melts using the MDL SciGlass information system. The results of the comparison show that the proposed method allows the prediction of properties with a precision as high, on the whole, as the best known methods.
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Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: December 1, 2004


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While on holiday in Montenegro, be sure not to miss the antique Dolcea located on the spacious terrace between rivers Morača, Zeta and Širalij. It dates back to I century BC.
The edifices that dominate the area were of mainly public character: arches of triumph, three temples dedicated to goddesses of Rome and Diana, Roman bath – termae, and a monumental palace. Termae had gyms, dressing rooms, hot and cold water halls, a library and restrooms. Opposite termae, on the north side of the city, the main city square – forum with a basilica.
The village of Medun is situated 12 kilometers northeast of Podgorica, in the region of Kuči.
It is famous for the complex of monuments belonging to the Illyrian town of Meteon, the church of St Nicola and the home of Marko Miljanov.
Meteon was one of the centers of the Labeati tribe which ruled Skadarsko lake area. The church of St Nicola is located above the birth house of Duke Marko Miljanov Popović, a poet and a statesman, one of the most significant personages of 19th century in Montenegro.


I am looking at servos to make a robot claw, and I want to make sure the one i am getting can turn under a specific amount of weight. The servos specify their torque in oz-in. I am not sure how to read this.
What i need to know is, how to I convert oz-in into the specific weight it can withstand in lbs.
If you are not familiar with the unit of measurement:
1 oz-in = 0.00706 Nm
if you are not familiar with torque:
1 Nm torque translates to 1N of force at a radial distance from the shaft of the motor of 1 m. As 1N gravitational force corresponds to an approx. 0.1kg weight, 1 Nm torque can lift* 0.1kg weight 1m away from the shaft, or 1 kg weight 0.1m away from the shaft.
*Lift in this case means that if such weight is attached to the rotor, the rotor would be in equilibrium, less weight then this would start to rotate.
 - $\begingroup$ So, if i had a length of 2M with 1Nm, would that make 0.5N? _USER_ $\endgroup$ – X Builder Oct 21 '20 at 22:54
 - $\begingroup$ exactly, 2m radial distance, 0.5N $\endgroup$ – 50k4 Oct 21 '20 at 23:06
Your Answer


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Definition: 'Sodium Chromate Cr 51'
sodium chromate Cr 51Type: Term
1. anionic hexavalent radioactive chromium in the form of sodium chromate (Na2
The information shown above for sodium chromate Cr 51 is provided by Stedman's.
* Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, provide a comprehensive line of health-science publications for healthcare professionals and medical students.


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10 things you need to live in the Arctic
Boots are vital in the Arctic for keeping feet warm in cold temperatures and for allowing you to traverse ice and snow.
These beautiful boots are from the Gwich'in People of northern Canada and Alaska. They are made from beaver fur and caribou hide and decorated with beading. The boot soles are made from moose hide that has been smoked over a fire to create a soft velvety leather, smelling of wood smoke.
2. Snow goggles
The intense sunlight reflecting off snow and ice, particularly in spring, can be very harmful and even cause blindness. To protect their eyes, Arctic Peoples have long fashioned their own snow spectacles. This Dolgan example from north-central Russia is made of reindeer skin. Decorated with beads, they were worn when riding reindeer across the taiga, the forests of the Arctic.
3. A winter parka
Warm clothing is essential to cope with the blistering cold during Arctic winters. This Inupiat coat, for a small child, was made by Nancy Myers of Kivalina, Alaska. She chose a number of different materials to make it both beautiful and cosy, showing her skill and knowledge of animal fur and materials. The hood, for example, is trimmed with wolverine fur, which doesn't freeze against the face as it doesn't absorb moisture.
4. A sled
Sleds enable people to travel easily and for long distances. These hard-working vehicles need to be flexible enough to withstand the constant jostling of travelling across rough terrain.
This sled was made in the early 1800s by the Inughuit people of northern Greenland. The sled is made of narwhal and caribou bone, willow and spruce driftwood, and sealskin. It is an excellent example of the technological innovation of Arctic Peoples, despite limited materials, as they scavenge wood and waste nothing from the animals they hunt.
5. Needles and a needle case
In the Arctic, warm tailored clothing is essential for survival. The earliest Arctic innovations came with the needle 30,000 years ago. This enabled people to sew and mend well-fitted clothing that allowed the wearer to stay warm and to move around easily.
This needle case from the mid-19th century secured a woman's precious needles so they would not get lost or broken. Such cases were attached to a belt along with other sewing tools.
6. An ulu
Ulus are multipurpose tools, used for slicing meat, skinning animals and even cutting fabrics. While regional styles and materials vary, all ulus share the elegant crescent shape designed to reduce wrist fatigue during long hours of processing food and hides. This ulu has a copper blade and musk ox horn handle.
Waterproofs, like this parka made from seal gut, help the wearer stay dry. They serve various functional, decorative and ceremonial purposes. In the past, gut parkas were used for kayaking, so that even in bad weather or in the event of capsizing, the wearer would stay dry.
This parka from western Alaska, was made and used by its owner, Flora Nanuk, for berry picking, keeping her dry when it rained and protecting her from being bitten by the mosquitos of the summer tundra.
8. Knife and pouch
Knives are one of the most important tools for reindeer herders. Men use them to castrate and slaughter reindeer and, in the past, to score their unique ownership marks onto their reindeer's ears. This knife from Russia hangs from a belt, which also held bags containing personal amulets, fire starters and tobacco.
9. Cooking equipment
Animals continue to be the main source of food and materials for many Arctic Peoples. Fish and meat are prepared in a variety of ways in the Arctic. Before propane stoves were used, Inuit boiled food in soapstone kettles, like this one, over a flame. But kettles and other vessels were also essential for melting ice into drinking water.
10. Guardian spirit figure
Along with practical items, spiritual help has also been called on by Arctic Peoples to help survive in the Arctic. This wooden figure embellished with beaded eyes and mouth and ermine or sable hide clothing was a personal guardian spirit that protected households. It was made and used by Evenki People of north-central Siberia.
Discover other blogs on the Citi exhibition Arctic: culture and climate webpage.
Lead supporter Citi
Julie and Stephen Fitzgerald
Buy the beautifully illustrated book accompanying the exhibition here.
Included in The Times' Best Art Books of the Year 2020.


How BIG was Noah's Ark?
Submit questions - New Articles
How big was Noah's ark? Let us start by defining a cubit. A Biblical cubit is considered the length between the elbow of an adult and their fingertip, which is calculated to being 18 U.S. inches (roughly). Quite a few scholars who study the Hebrew Bible believe a cubit was somewhere in between 17.5 to 21.5 inches long. If we conservatively assume that a cubit was 18 inches (U.S.), we can conclude that the ark was about 450 feet (U.S.) long, 75 feet (U.S.) wide, and 45 feet (U.S.) high.
The interesting thing about Noah's ark its construction was on a 1:6 ratio. Naval architecture reveals that this is the most stable ratio for an ocean-going vessel. It could have easily survived even big ocean waves and would be next to impossible to capsize. The amount of water the ship would displace, given a draught of 15 cubits, exceeds 22,000 tons.
How many animals did it carry?
How many total animals did God want carried in the ark? Many who refuse to believe in what the Bible says state that the ship's capacity would be nowhere big enough to handle the millions of different animals it was supposedly required to carry. The truth, however, is far different from the rhetoric of those who are against God and his word!
How many clean and unclean animals would Noah's Ark have to take on board? What the Bible (Leviticus 11, Deuteronomy 14) considers clean (fit for human consumption) and unclean (not fit to eat) animals is easy to identify based on the characteristics of a particular creature. For example, warm-blooded mammals that have split hooves and chews the cud is clean to eat (e.g. Bison, Cattle, Deer, Goats, Sheep, etc.). Those that do not have these characteristics are not clean and good for man (e.g. Pigs, Lions, Tigers, Boars, etc.)
What did RAINBOWS symbolize after the flood?
Why was Noah's lifespan so long?
How LONG did it take to build the ship?
What does the INSIDE of the Ark look like?
Those who are against God say that Noah had to take SEVEN pair of clean animals and SEVEN pair of the birds (Genesis 7:2-3) with him. Is this assumption true? The answer to the question is in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14. When properly understood, Noah took on seven (7) individual animals and birds (not seven pairs) of each kind that were clean. Since these types of animals would later be used for food, it would be important to have extra breeding stock. There was three pair of clean animals and clean birds plus a seventh. The seventh one was to be offered as a sacrifice at the end of the flood (Genesis 8:20). If an animal were unclean, which the vast majorities were, then only one pair came aboard the great ship.
Contrary to what many believe and what "documentaries" concerning the ark claim, the ship would have EASILY been big enough to carry all the required animals. Only air breathing, land dwelling animals would have to be placed on the ark itself (Genesis 7:22). In the book The Genesis Flood, it states that animals such as fish, starfishes, sea urchins, mussels, clams, corals, jellyfish, sponges, and many others could have survived outside Noah's ship.
The number of animals saved
Space needed for the animals
Why drown a billion people?
One honest, basic question is why was there a need for Noah's ark in the first place? What caused God, Who is the very definition of love, to take the extreme measure of DROWNING roughly one BILLION people at the same time? The Bible itself gives us the answer.
In the roughly 1,500 years from Adam's creation man had grown corrupt and brutal. The consequences of their selfishness, lust, greed and disobedience, compounded by the fact they lived exceptionally long life spans, led to a preoccupation with evil. God, who saw the cavalcade of suffering and pain man endured, with no end in sight due, mercifully ended their ongoing self-torture. Yet the Eternal was also merciful by having Noah's ark built to save a righteous man and his family so that humanity could have a new start after the flood.
Additional Study Materials
Did a race of GIANTS exist before the deluge?
Did DINOSAURS exist before the flood?
How did the deluge lead to HALLOWEEN?
© The Bible Study Site


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Year of foundation: 1915
Approx. number of students: 1,500
Period of study: End August-Mid January; End January-End June
MCI partner since: 2007
Aarhus is with approx. 300,000 inhabitants the second largest city in Denmark. The principal port of Denmark, it is situated on the east side of the peninsula of Jutland in the geographical center of Denmark. The harbor is one of the largest industrial harbors in Northern Europe and the largest in Denmark. The facilities are very modern and handle approximately 12 million tonnes of cargo and are, therefore, among the 100 biggest containerports in the world. Much agricultural produce is exported, while coal and iron constitute among the chief imports.
The region is a major producer of agricultural products with many large farms in the outlying districts. Cattle, pork and grain are the main products with a sizable related refinement industry present. Computer and technology heavy industries are mainly focused in the urban areas with an abundance of small and medium sized IT and service companies dotting the city center.
The College is an integrated part of town and attracts students locally, nationally and internationally. The College, which has roots back to 1915, is a self-owning institution and its studies are financed by the state. It has approx. 1,500 students and 150 academic technical and administrative staff.
The College is perfectly situated - close to downtown Aarhus and near the beach and the forests that surround the city. "We welcome students and visitors from all over the world to help us create an international learning environment and share their ideas and experience with us."
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We made sugar cube sculptures. What a fun and surprising lesson in building, painting, and dissolving!
- Box of sugar cubes
- Glue bottle
- Sturdy base to glue onto
- Paint in squeezy bottles
Boxes of sugar cubers were harder to find than I thought, but I ultimately found them at our big supermarket (and bought 2!). We used scrap wood for the base, basic Elmer's school glue, and Nancy Bottles for the paint.
I suggested that we could build a sculpture with the sugar cubes, and presented N with the materials. That's all she needed to hear before she began to glue the cubes onto the panel.
And stack them up tall.
You can see that this isn't the strongest structure in the world!! I filled some Nancy Bottles with watered down BioColor paint, which my daughter then squeezed all over the sculpture. Because the water acted as a dissolving agent, if I were to do this again I'd use straight-up paint without the additional water.
It's looking a little patriotic, no?
And it end up in this beautiful heap of swirly, melting color. Not exactly what I imagined when we started, but it did lead to some wonderful conversations about dissolving. We only used about 1/10 of the sugar cubes to make the sculpture, so why not set up a dissolving experiment with the rest of the cubes?!
The next day N turned the remaining cubes into sugar water in under five minutes. It was quick, but what a great lesson and experience!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Why Doctors Surgeries Fax Instead Of Email
While a fax machine may be outdated technology in comparison to a smartphone, for example, the prevalence of faxing in the workplace demonstrates the ongoing importance of this humble method of communication.
One would have thought that with the advent of email, businesses would cease using fax, opting instead for more cost efficient methods of communicating.
But it simply isn't as cut and dry as all that.
From regulation issues to limitations in technology to financial disincentives, there are many reasons why businesses prefer to fax, and doctors surgeries are a prime example of why fax is preferred over email.
Why fax instead of email?
You see, up and down the US, doctors surgeries, pharmacies, chemists and other healthcare providers routinely place medical records in their fax machine tray, dial in the recipient's number, cross their fingers the whole document will arrive in one piece (not truncated) and that there isn't a paper jam.
Why go to all this trouble when they could scan the medical record or prescription and email it to where it needs to go?
There are a few reasons why doctors surgeries fax instead of email:
1. Stick with what they know
Well, one of the reasons is that a large number of older medical workers, doctors, consultants, receptionists, are comfortable using the old technology. It's what they've always used to transfer medical records or to send prescriptions, for example. They've always faxed, so why fix something if it isn't broken?
2. Privacy and security
Fax is seen as a reliable and secure means of sending and receiving patients' medical charts and EKGs from hospitals to the doctor's surgery; to communicate with insurance companies; to send urgent prescriptions through to pharmacies; to transfer medical records between doctors' surgeries.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires medical professionals to ensure a level of security when handling and transferring patients' sensitive medical information, to make sure it can't be compromised or viewed by unauthorized personnel.
HIPAA has decreed fax to be a secure method of sending and receiving such sensitive data, which is why it's the preferred transference method.
Health care providers have a responsibility of ensuring the safeguarding of patient's private information when sharing medical records, data, documents or prescriptions.
And because fax is considered an acceptable method of sending medical results, as well as test results, medical instructions and treatments, it's the go-to communication choice, where email is not.
3. Email is not secure
Why not email? Because it is considered an insecure means of communicating. Email is viewed as too susceptible to hacking. And when you're tasked with handling such sensitive information as a patient's personal medical records, faxing is the more secure option.
This might seem like the end of the story, but actually, there's the small issue of fax machines being outlawed in the UK, as well as the Obama administration's push to digitize the US's medical records to take into consideration.
So if the medical profession can't use the traditional fax machine and all medical records are going online, what secure method can doctors surgeries use to ensure security when sharing medical records?
Online faxing.
The problem with traditional fax machines
As we mentioned above, medical professionals around the world rely on fax to transfer medical records and all the documents and data contained therein.
There is no better platform for transmission – fax still remains the best, and most legally binding way to send a document instantly, as other methods of transmission, such as email, aren't usually admissible in the eyes of the law.
When it comes to getting a legally binding signature, or signing off important medical documents, or getting a prescription filled quickly, or transferring medical records, fax is the one stop immediate solution.
But the problem with the old fashioned fax machine is that they simply aren't equipped to handle the demands of the modern workplace. More specifically, when faxing is as critical as it is in healthcare, you need to use a fax service that is reliable, secure and more importantly, HIPAA compliant.
And traditional fax machines aren't up to scratch.
– They aren't private.
– They don't guarantee the security of confidential patient information.
– They don't have the requisite security protocols nor do they have end to end encryption.
– They present a weakness in your IT system, offering hackers a way into your network.
– They also result in files going missing or being stolen or falling into the wrong hands.
– And when a fax sits in the tray until someone picks it up, any number of unauthorized personnel can view it.
So what can medical professionals do? How can healthcare professionals continue to fax when the fax machine as we know it is resigned to the scrap heap?
We'll say it again – online faxing.
Advantages of online faxing
The advantages of online faxing over outdated fax machines are innumerable. A few contenders include:
– With cloud-based fax you can send documents from anywhere, to anywhere.
– It's HIPAA compliant.
– Its high grade SSL, end to end encryption ensures no one other than the sender or the receiver has access to the faxed documents.
– It's paperless, saving you money and the environment.
– All you need are a mobile device with a camera and you can fax and go.
– It allows you to fax even when WFH.
– It has electronic signature, negating the need for a wet ink signature.
Can your email offer all that?


text:
Date: Aug 21, 2013 Author: press release Source: Trenchless Technology (
click here to go to the source)
Arizona-based QuakeWrap Inc. has been awarded a $150,000 Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to further develop the revolutionary InfinitPipe.
Developed by QuakeWrap president Dr. Mo Ehsani, who is also professor emeritus of civil engineering at University of Arizona, the patent-pending InfinitPipe allows onsite manufacturing of pipes that can be miles long without any joint. Joints are the primary source of leakage and environmental pollution in pipelines.
Conventional pipes are made with solid walls in short segments that are joined together in the field. The walls of InfinitPipe are made of a lightweight honeycomb core with carbon fiber as skin reinforcement. This reduces the weight of the pipe to nearly 10 percent of conventional pipes. The construction procedure does not require any heavy mixing equipment or furnaces, lending itself to onsite manufacturing. According to the inventor, Prof. Ehsani, "The mobile manufacturing unit can produce the pipe in a continuous joint-free manner, burying the finished pipe in a pre-cut trench as the equipment travels along the trench."
The primary market targeted for InfinitPipe is water transmission lines where pipes in diameters ranging from 2 to 8 ft are commonly used. Eliminating the shipping charges for such large diameter pipes is a major advantage of InfinitPipe. As a part of the study, a series of tests will be performed at the Louisiana Tech University's Trenchless Technology Center.
Ehsani said, "The broader impact/commercial potential of this project is enormous, considering the versatility and low cost of the pipes, in addition to the corrosion resistance that they provide. The ability to produce pipelines onsite has far-reaching implications for remote locations and developing nations which have little to no infrastructure for natural gas discovery and water delivery systems. As the mobile manufacturing units are developed and the process becomes more efficient, the resulting cost-savings, not only in terms of the pipe itself but also on equipment and freight costs, will be substantial. This, in addition to the long-term savings from reduced leakage and maintenance of these pipelines, will lead to an industry shift toward this greener, more efficient technology."


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Landing a hydrogen fuel cell a coup for SCCWritten by Admin
Faculty and staff at the Schatz Energy Research Center at Humboldt State University in northern California have built a hydrogen fuel cell power box for Southwestern Community Center.
Ron Poor received grant funds through the Appalachian Regional Commission to purchase the fuel cell, which will be used to teach the concepts of hydrogen based renewable energy.
"It's basically the same hydrogen fuel cell technology NASA uses," said Poor.
In the system hydrogen, stored in a small-pressurized cylinder, is fed to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell to produce direct current electricity.
The patented low air pressure design ensures high fuel cell system efficiency, Poor explained. The 16-cell PEM fuel cell power system has a peak power of 125 watts.
In basic terms, Poor said a small inverter converts the fuel cell's 12 volts direct current output to 110 volts alternating current. It's a pollution-free renewable energy system and the only by-products, he said, are water and heat.


What is the X in X-mas?
not enough room to swing a cat
Very little space, cramped quarters, as in There's not enough room to swing a cat in this tent. This expression, first recorded in 1771, is thought to allude to the cat-o'-nine-tails, or "cat," a whip with nine lashes widely used to punish offenders in the British military.
The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary
Cite This Source
Word of the Day
Word Value for not
Scrabble Words With Friends


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Dear Colleagues!
From now on, every article published in Premier Publishing journals will have a DOI, a digital scientific publication identifier. DOI is an important for a publication due to the following reasons:
1. The guarantee of safety. Unlike websites or electronic libraries, digital objects with an identifier will always be posted at the place of registration.
2. Versatility. The convenience and safety of DOI was recognized by all the largest publishers of the world.
3. The assignment of DOI has a positive effect on the reputation of the author and publisher, since with the identifier allows publications to be placed in the world's leading scientific bibliographic catalogs.
In this regard, from October 1, 2019, the cost of publishing in Premier Publishing journals will increase by 5 euros.
Do not miss the opportunity to publish an article at the old price until September 30!


text:
Roman-era tombs found in AlexandriaBreaking News
tags: Ancient Rome
Alexandria's antiquities department has discovered a new archaeological monument in the eastern area of the city.
Supreme Council of Antiquities announced a new discovery of the tombs of the builders of the pyramids near the Great Pyramid on the January 10, 2010 [Credit: Egypt Independent] Archaeologists revealed several items, including cisterns, pottery remains, and a headstone. The items were transferred to Alexandria National Museum. All items belong to the Roman era....
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- People are still talking about historian Mark Lilla's NYT op ed 2 weeks after it was published
- Rick Perlstein says Trump's election confirms a paranoid trend in the GOP


Practical Tips: Transferring The Mangled Extremity
Managing the mangled extremity is both challenging and intense. There is always pressure to do all we can to save that threatened limb. But as you know, different levels of trauma centers have different capabilities and specialists that are needed to fully manage these injuries.
Level I centers have a comprehensive set of specialists to deal with the managed extremity, including trauma surgeons, vascular surgeons, orthopedic surgeons comfortable with complex injury, plastic surgeons, and interventional radiologists. The expectation is that a mangled extremity can be completely managed at such a center.
Level III centers have much more limited resources, and may only have a trauma surgeon to perform the initial evaluation. Definitive management can only occur after transfer to a Level I center.
Level II centers often find themselves in a kind of limbo. They have most of the specialties required, but those specialists may have varying comfort levels regarding addressing complex injuries. Some Level II centers may be able to keep these patients, but many will find that they need to transfer to their upstream Level I partner.
What do transferring trauma centers need to do before actually moving the patient? Here are some practical tips.
 - Evaluate quickly. The bottom line is to try to preserve function, so time is of the essence. Do a thorough evaluation of the anatomy, as well as vascular and neurologic status. These are the major determinants of salvageability.
 - Don't ignore the rest of the patient. Make sure that injuries more critical than the extremity are identified and addressed. See the "Dang Factor!" below.
 - Make a decision. Now. Decide whether you need to transfer the patient based on your knowledge of your consultants' skill levels and comfort.
 - Once you decide you will transfer, do no further imaging. It's not going to change anything you do, and may not be very helpful to the receiving center.
 - Give IV antibiotics and the life-saving tetanus shot early.
 - Optimize salvageability. Do what you can to keep tissue healthy during the transfer. You must take transfer time into account for this! If you are sending your patient across town, just do it quickly. However, if he or she must travel long distance, there are a few more things to consider:
 - Try removing the tourniquet (if any). You'd be surprised at how many times the bleeding has stopped already. Or maybe wasn't needed in the first place.
 - Selectively try to control bleeding if possible. Carefully ligate small vessels if you can. Don't clamp and tie large masses of tissue.
 - Consider a vascular shunt. If there is an obvious large vessel injury, and if you have a trauma or vascular surgeon who is comfortable with inserting a vascular shunt, do it prior to transfer. This will increase the likelihood of salvage in long-distance transfers. But don't waste a lot of time doing this! If you can't get it done within about 30 minutes or so, don't delay the transfer.
 - Quickly rinse off the area. Try to minimize the time that noxious stuff (dirt, gasoline, etc) is in contact with the tissues.
 - Splint well. You'll need to be creative. But you don't want additional tissue injury due to the extremity just flopping around.
 - Inquire about followup. Find out how the patient did, and discuss anything you could have done differently with the receiving center. As always, performance improvement is important!
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text:
Living within a dense urban center like Bethnal Green, residents find few chances in their daily lives to simply stop and stare up at the sky. Surrounded by several major roads, a rail line and several tall buildings the area is awash in activity and noise. Our pavilion is envisioned as a quiet contemplative space at the center of the park, where people can find a reprieve from the surrounding cacophony.
Three acrylic planes with a polished mirror surface are set in the grass encompassed by a copse of trees. When approached from the surrounding paths, the mirrored surfaces reflect the surrounding foliage, minimizing the presence of the pavilion and respecting the context. For visitors curious enough to enter the pavilion, the angled mirrors reflect the sky all around them.
Visitors can occupy the space and experience the subtle kaleidoscopic color changes and motions of the sky all around them.


text:
In our usual design, we may encounter the problem of one device corresponding to multiple packages, so we can choose the package we need for this device in the PCB. Let's take a look at how to use Alt_Symbols.
Step 1: Double-click the device that needs to define multiple packages in the schematic, enter the Property Editor interface, and define the package of this device as 0805, as shown in the figure:
Step 2: Select Cadence-Allegro under Filter, then you will see the attributes of ALT_SYMBOLS below, fill in the name of the alternative package c_0603, as shown below:
At this time, package c_0603 is the alternate package for this device.
Step 3: Click Save, then exit the netlist and import the PCB Board. Relevant steps are omitted here.
Step 4: Enter Allegro PCB to import the generated netlist, and then right-click when placing or moving the device, we can see the Alt_Symbol item:
At this time, we can choose the package that the device needs to use. Put it down directly to the 0805 packages, and use the Alt_Symbol shown in the figure above to put it down to the C0603 package.


text:
An egg is more than just a breakfast staple for gardeners. It turns out, you can use egg shells to make your garden even more productive.
Eggshells contain a wide variety of nutrients that plants love including calcium carbonate, sulfur, magnesium, and potassium.
How To Use Eggshells In The Garden
They also contain organic matter once they decompose that is rich in nitrogen that's useful for your plants.
Eggshells definitely decompose in your garden, but keep in mind it doesn't happen overnight – it happens pretty slowly.
Today, we'll be going through five of the best uses of eggshells for the garden. Let's get started!
Prevent Blossom-End Rot
One important benefit of using them in the garden is the addition of calcium from eggshells to the soil which is an essential ingredient.
Calcium deficiency can cause blossom end rot in tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants. Blossom end rot is exactly what it sounds like – the end of your fruit is rotted:
One way to prevent your crops from having water-soaked spots at the blossom end, is by using crushed eggshells in the garden at the bottom of planting holes. This can add a steady supply of calcium to the plants as it breaks down.
Eggshells can help you prevent blossom end rot as they begin fertilizing eggplants, peppers, as well as tomatoes when used in your garden.
Use as a Seed Starter
Another one of the uses for eggshells in the garden is that they can be used as biodegradable and no-waste seed starters.
Here's how to prepare eggshells for the garden as well as planting in them. Simply use deep eggshell halves after sterilizing them in a 200°F oven for about half an hour.
Once done, make a hole at the bottom of each shell using a nail or an awl. Add potting mix and sow the seeds according to package directions. When sprouts start to appear, you can plant them right into the garden soil without having to throw away anything.
Pests with soft undersides like slugs, snails, and cutworms can wreak havoc in any garden. You can sprinkle some crushed eggshells on the soil's surface to deter these pests.
The eggshells can damage the soft bodies of these pests and kill them or deter them from crossing through the sharp shards of the eggshell pieces.
In addition, if you live in an area where there are deer roaming around, you can use eggshells to keep them away from the garden.
Deer are known to detest the scent of albumen so your crops can stay safe from these creatures.
Add Calcium to the Soil
II get this question a lot: "Are eggshells good for the garden?". One answer is that if the soil in your garden is particularly low in calcium, you can add eggshells into your compost pile to help.
Once your compost is finished breaking down, you can apply it to the soil as an amendment ensuring that your garden has an abundant supply of calcium to feed your plants
Alternatively, you can use eggshells as a form of mulch. Apart from delivering calcium to the soil and moderating soil acidity, a layer of eggshells on top of your soil can also help aerate the soil, prevent water loss, and deter weeds and pests.
You might also like: 11 Spring Gardening Tips To Get You Started
Eggshells make for an excellent addition to bird food. If you have a bird feeder in your garden, add in some crushed eggshells.
Female birds who are getting ready to lay eggs or have recently finished laying can benefit from the extra calcium that eggshells can provide.
Which Plants Like Egg Shells
Any plant that needs calcium. So that means all plants, as calcium is essential to all plants.
But as I mentioned above tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants will benefit especially due to them being prone to blossom end rot will benefit greatly.
There are many things that you have right at your fingertips that can help your plants and you may not even know it.
Keep these tips in mind the next time you crack an egg…
You can also find gardening products I use in my videos here <---
You can go to my storefront using this secure link <----
If you need seeds, this is the company I use <--- and if you use code: farmer1 at checkout, you'll get 10% off your order!
Looking For More Help In The Garden? Try These:
- Homemade Bug Spray For Indoor Plants
- What Herbs Grow Well Together In The Same Container?
- Growing Vegetables In Potting Soil Bags Is Fun
- How Much Potting Soil Do I Need?
- True Low Light Houseplants
- How To Amend Raised Bed Soil
- Sunburned Plant Leaves – How To Avoid It
- Learn How To Grow Food
- Best Gardening Apps
- Homemade Vermicomposting Bin


text:
About withering abalone syndrome
This pest comes from the west coast of North America. It attacks the digestive system of abalone. This stops them eating, making them weak and shriveled.
Why this is a problem for New Zealand
This disease could harm our pāua species. It stunts their growth and makes them unappetising.
How it could get here
This disease could hitchhike to New Zealand on used diving gear or aquaculture equipment. Biosecurity New Zealand has strict measures in place to limit the chances of withering abalone syndrome making it through the border. But we need you to play your part – if you are returning to New Zealand with diving gear, make sure it's dry.
How to identify withering abalone syndrome
The main sign that a pāua is infected is a withered 'foot', the part of a pāua that attaches to rocks. Shells remain intact but the body will be shrunken inside.
What to do
If you think you've found an infected pāua:
- take a photo
- collect a sample
- record location and landmarks
- call MPI on 0800 80 99 66 to report your find.
Note: This information is a summary of this disease's global distribution and potential impacts to New Zealand.


text:
Inspired by arts and crafts presented to us, or the great paint techniques you have seen in someone else's interior or on television, you might decide to give your home or business a fresh, modern look.
These specialised training courses give you full insight and knowledge into basic and advanced paint techniques. During these interactive workshops, which are a lot of fun, students will acquire the skills to decorate their homes or even start a lucrative career as a decorative artist. These courses are filled with information which covers the basics, from the preparation of walls and furniture, to the most advanced techniques, including glazing and varnishing methods.
Being an Accredited and Licensed Laetitia Viljoen trainer, I am able to present hands on training during these workshops
Wood, Furniture & Decorative (Day 1):
- Basic Principles and safety measures
Walls (Day 3):
- Basic principles and safety measures
Metal and Concrete (Day 5):
Wood, Furniture & Decorative (Day 2):
Walls (Day 4):
- Aged stone and Frottage


text:
(Medical Xpress)—The human brain is able to identify individuals' voices by comparing them against an internal 'average voice' prototype, according to neuroscientists.
A study carried out by researchers at the University of Glasgow and reported in the journal Current Biology demonstrates that voice identity is coded in the brain by reference to two internal voice prototypes – one male, one female.
Voices that have the greatest difference from the prototype are perceived as more distinctive and produce greater neural activity than voices deemed very similar.
The researchers in the Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology conducted the study by generating a voice prototype through morphing 32 same-gender voices together resulting in a smooth, idealised voice with few irregularities.
They then generated different voices by altering the 'distance-to-mean' of the prototype voice – for example, changing the tone and pitch or morphing two or more voices together.
Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), the researchers were able to see increased neural activity the further from the prototype the voices were.
Professor Pascal Belin said: "Like faces, voices can be used to identify a person, yet the neural basis of this ability remains poorly understood. Here we provide the first evidence of a norm-based coding mechanism the brain uses to identify a speaker.
"The research indicates this is a similar process for the identification of faces, where the brain also uses an average face to compare against other faces it encounters in order to establish identity.
"So, rather than having to remember each single voice it hears every day for a lifetime, the brain facilitates the task of identification by remembering only the differences from the prototype it stores.
"It leads to a range of interesting and important questions, such as whether the prototypes are innate, stored templates or whether they are subject to environmental and cultural influences. Could the prototype consist of an average of all voices experiences during one's life?"
The study 'Norm-based Coding of Voice Identity in Human Auditory Cortex' was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).
More information: Latinus et al.,'Norm-based Coding of Voice Identity in Human Auditory Cortex', Current Biology (2013) _URL_.1016/j.cub.2013.04.055


Where Is Onion Skin In Photoshop?
What keyboard key will play the timeline?
What the Keyboard Shortcuts DoSpacebar: This key controls both playing and stopping video in the timeline.
Left & Right Arrows: Pressing either one of these keys will allow you to progress or regress through the timeline, frame by frame.More items…•.
What are onion skins?
How do you go to the next frame in Photoshop?
Left Arrow or Page Up moves to the previous frame, Right Arrow or Page Down moves to the next frame. Add the Shift key to move 10 frames at a time. Shift + Up Arrow moves back in time 1 second, Shift + Down Arrow moves forward 1 second in time.
What is onion skin in animation?
How do you animate in Photoshop 2020?
How to make an animated GIF in PhotoshopStep 1: Set up the dimensions and resolution of your Photoshop document. … Step 2: Import your image files into Photoshop. … Step 3: Open the timeline window. … Step 4: Convert your layers into frames. … Step 5: Duplicate frames to create your animation. … Step 6: Set the delay time of each frame.More items…
How do you make a new frame in Photoshop?
What is onion skin called?
How does Onion change skin color?
In the Drawing tab, in the Onion Skin section, click on the colour swatch of the onion skin display you want to change. In the Colour Picker window, select the colour. 6. Click OK to confirm the colour.
What is a keyframe in animation?
A key frame (or keyframe) in animation and filmmaking is a drawing or shot that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition. These are called frames because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film or on a digital video editing timeline.
What is tweening in animation?
Inbetweening or tweening is a key process in all types of animation, including computer animation. It is the process of generating intermediate frames between two images, called key frames, to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image.
Is there onion skin in Photoshop?
Paint or add content to the layer. (Optional) In the Timeline panel, choose Enable Onion Skins from the panel menu to enable the onion skin mode. … You can add a blank video frame, duplicate a frame, or delete a frame from the blank video layer by choosing Layer > Video Layers and then choosing the appropriate command.
How do you turn onion skin on?
The onion skin tool lets you preview the previous and next drawings. There is a few ways you can turn the onion skin on. From the top menu, select View > Onion Skin > Show Onion Skin. You can also go to the Timeline View, click on the Onion Skin button next to the layer.
Can I animate with Photoshop?
In Photoshop, you use the Timeline panel to create animation frames. Each frame represents a configuration of layers. … You can also create animations using a timeline and keyframes. See Creating timeline animations.


text: An activity-based approach to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidants from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chenpi in Chinese) was developed. Response surface optimization based on a quantitative composition-activity relationship model showed the relationships among product chemical composition, antioxidant activity of extract, and parameters of extraction process. Three parameters of ultrasonic-assisted extraction, including the ethanol/water ratio, Chenpi amount, and alkaline amount, were investigated to give optimum extraction conditions for antioxidants of Chenpi: ethanol/water 70:30 v/v, Chenpi amount of 10 g, and alkaline amount of 28 mg. The experimental antioxidant yield under the optimum conditions was found to be 196.5 mg/g Chenpi, and the antioxidant activity was 2023.8 μmol Trolox equivalents/g of the Chenpi powder. The results agreed well with the second-order polynomial regression model. This presented approach promised great application potentials in both food and pharmaceutical industries.


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Flour refers to a powder we get from grinding raw grains such as wheat for human consumption. While it might seem like a modern commodity, flour has existed since as early as 6000 BC. Flour has many uses, especially in the kitchen, since it functions as the main ingredient in baking bread, cakes, and pastry.
The flour we commonly use at home is directly derived from raw grains. While you may feel comfortable tasting or eating raw flour, it is not as inconsequential as you would assume. The processing sequence of turning grain into flour does not eliminate harmful bacteria.
Dangerous bacteria like E. coli and Salmonella can contaminate grain while in the field or during the flour production process. You can only kill the bacteria in flour with extreme heat during cooking or baking. As such, if you eat flour raw, you risk introducing these disease-causing organisms into your system.
Can you eat raw flour? No, you will want to avoid eating raw flour, dough, or batter since it could contain bacteria that can cause food poisoning and make you sick. Children and older persons are at a higher risk of danger from these germs.
What Happens When You Eat Raw Flour?
When you eat raw flour, you could ingest bacteria like E. coli or Salmonella, which can cause symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, and fever. Most individuals recover within a few days to a week.
The CDC has linked up to 80 E. coli infection outbreaks to eating raw flour. E. coli infection from consuming raw flour can result in various food poisoning symptoms. Sickness will typically set in about three days after ingesting the bacteria.
While the symptoms may differ among individuals, they usually include bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and severe stomach cramps. Most individuals recover from these symptoms within a week. Nevertheless, the infection could lead to the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a severe illness that can cause kidney failure, stroke, and even death.
Another type of bacteria that can contaminate raw flour is Salmonella. The signs of infection from these bacteria usually appear between 1-6 days after exposure. The symptoms of Salmonella infection include diarrhea, stomach cramps, and fever.
The illness lasts from 4-7 days in most cases, and people can recover without antibiotics. This bacteria is more dangerous to immunodeficient individuals, adults of 65 years and older, and infants
How to Make Raw Flour Safe to Eat?
Exposing raw flour to high temperatures can kill the disease-causing organisms that contaminate it. As such, you can get rid of bacteria from raw flour and make it safe to eat using heat treatment in an oven or microwave.
The microwave heat treatment involves placing the flour in a bowl and microwaving it on the high setting in 30-second intervals. Stir well in between each interval to prevent the flour from burning. Ensure that every part of the flour reaches 165 degrees Fahrenheit. When that happens, remove your flour and let it rest and cool before consuming it.
For the oven method, preheat the oven to 300 degrees Fahrenheit and spread the raw flour onto the baking pan or a suitable container with sides. Then stir the flour while checking the temperature at intervals of two minutes until it is evenly heated. Be sure to check the flour's temperature at different spots on the pan to be safe.
Once you're done, let the flour cool for about 30 minutes or place it in the fridge to cool it faster. With that, you have your heat-treated, bacteria-free edible flour.
Is Bleached Flour Safe to Eat Raw?
The many types of flour available for consumption can fit into two main categories; bleached and unbleached. Bleached flour differs from unbleached in various ways, especially in processing. The grain used to make bleached flour is stripped of the kernel's bran and germ to make it more refined. It is also treated using chemical agents such as benzoyl peroxide or chlorine to expedite the aging process.
During processing, bleached flour loses various amounts of fiber, vitamin E, copper, manganese, and antioxidants. This makes bleached flour a slightly less nutritious option compared to unbleached flour. Also, the bleaching agents used to age flour cannot remove bacteria or other pathogens. So, any disease-causing organisms the wheat picks up in the field can survive the grinding and bleaching and still end up in your bowl.
So, is bleached flour safe to eat raw? No, raw, bleached flour can harbor harmful bacteria just as easily as unbleached flour. Eating it could lead to bacterial infections with severe symptoms that will cause extreme discomfort.
- Wheat grains can pick up bacteria from the fields where they grow. These bacteria can survive the process of grinding wheat into flour.
- It is risky to eat raw flour because it could contain disease-causing bacteria that can cause illness and food poisoning.
- When you eat raw flour, you can take in bacteria like E. coli and Salmonella, which can put your health at risk. A bacterial infection could lead to severe vomiting, bloody diarrhea, stomach cramping, and fever.
- While these symptoms can pass within a week for most people, they can escalate to a life-threatening degree in various individuals. Infants, older adults, and immunodeficient persons are at the highest risk of illness from these bacteria.
- Heat treatment of raw flour using a microwave or an oven is an effective means of making it safe to eat. The high temperatures will kill any bacteria in the flour and reduce the risk of illness.
- Bleached flour is not any safer for raw consumption. The bleaching process does not kill or affect the bacteria that contaminate flour. Heat treatment is the safest bet when you want to eat bleached or unbleached flour.


text: Numerical studies discussing micro gas turbines (MGTs) as a basis for automotive range extenders can be found in literature. A comprehensive set of experimental measurement data for an MGT of adequate size, however, is currently not available. In this work, a test rig and demonstrator based on a 30 kWel liquid fueled MGT is built up. Its major components' performance is characterized by measuring temperature and pressure at inlet and outlet, as well as corresponding fuel and air flows and the exhaust gas composition. A compressor bleed air tapping is installed to characterize the turbo components' off-design behavior. Stationary load points and transient maneuvers are investigated. The presented data provide coherent information on the operational behavior and cycle parameters. This can be used to validate existing numerical investigations. It further provides a foundation to identify the optimization potential of MGT components and will serve as design baseline for subsequent optimization measures to meet the requirements of mobile applications.


1. Home
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 4. Terminology: Pre-spoiled puppies
Terminology: Pre-spoiled puppies
It's likely you'll see certain jargon in our dog ads, and some you may not be 100% sure what they are talking about. One question we got today was to explain what it means when an ad says that the puppies have been 'pre-spoiled'.
Generally this means that the puppies have had a lot of handling and hands on time when they were newly born. These puppies are well socialised with humans (hopefully also children) and they have had a lot of play time with humans. It's important for dogs to be socialised with other dogs and humans from an early age. The more the better in fact. Pre-spoiling heightens the bond between dogs and humans. Puppies that are spoiled tend to want more human attention.
When you are buying a dog or puppy it's important to ask the owner about how they were raise when in the first few weeks of their development. Did they stay inside or where they kept outside in kennels?
Puppy phases
As a puppy goes between the ages of 4-8 weeks they will start to require different types of attention. They being to walk around more, explore their environment and test limits with their littler mates. This is also a key step in the development for a dog. It's important that they get enough attention and given enough mental stimulation. This is also the stage where a puppy is weaned off its mothers milk.
At this stage they can also be introduced to some basic crate training and pee pads training. If you are intending on crate training your dog we'd recommend you discuss if this can be given some consideration as the puppy is doing some early training. Introduction puppies to different environments in a safe way is definitely important.
Note: Caution does need to be taken with things like canine parvovirus (parvo), so bringing a puppy to a dog park is a big no-no until they have all the right shots.
Why you should want a pre-spoiled dog
Many owners say that pre-spoiled dogs are easier to train, and that they tend to be better around children. Don't forget that you will need to start to train your puppy from an early age and teaching them where to go to the toilet, or act on a lease is a skill that should be done straight away. Dogs need to learn who is the boss, and what is their place in the household. A little bit of early training can make all the difference to a dog. The saying 'You can't teach an old dog new tricks' does run true, especially if they haven't been trained from an early age.
Pre-spoiling is only one aspect that you should look for when buying a dog. Also ask the owner for more information on the dam and sire of the dog (mother & father). You should try to find out how many litters they have bred from both already, and if there was any issues. In the best case you should make an effort to see both the Dam & Sire and if they have any dogs from earlier litters. Note the age of the dogs and the condition they are in, and ask about any health issues that they have had over the course of their years.
Updated on October 10, 2020
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BatterySaver Battery Compartment Cleaner. Keep your batteries working stronger and longer. For an intelligent watch owner.
- Picks up the corrosion particles out of the battery compartment simply
the felt tip.
- Neutralizes the acid from a leaky battery.
- Coats the battery terminals to provide better current flow.
- Prevents oxidation of the battery terminals.
- Moisten the tip with pure water to activate, before using.
The BatterySaver "pen" has a felt-tip to apply a mixture of citrus and mineral oil. The citrus, a very mild acid, cleans and neutralizes the hydroxide which may have leaked from the battery. The mineral oil prevents oxidation (which can impede current flow). Using a fiberglass brush can cause problems such as tiny fragments of fiberglass falling into the watch. When replacing a leaking battery, use the pen to clean the cell compartment, the insulator, and the negative battery strap. The felt tip of the pen picks up the alkaline crystals without contaminating the movement.


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This beautifully engineered 6" levitating and rotating planet commands
attention. The planet is suspended in mid-air by an electronically controlled
magnetic field. Unlike other floating globes, a built-in computer chip continuously
adjusts to atmospheric changes to guarantee the planet remains suspended. Once
the planet is levitating you can start the rotation with a simple little spin.
The electronic system will register the rotation and keep the planet rotating
until you stop it.
- 6" ball
- Levitates and rotates
- Comes with space probe that explored Mars
- 6 page informational booklet with details, dates and specifications of
probe and Mars included
- Instructions included


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Renée Richards Is the First Transgender Athlete Who Was Married to a Woman — Facts about Her
Born in 1934, Renee Richards is one of the most famous names ever to grace the tennis court with immense talent. She was born to a surgeon and psychiatrist, who were members of New York's Jewish intellectual elite.
The star began her amateur tennis career after graduating from Yale University and competed in various competitions. In 1955 and 1957, Richards competed in the US Open Men's Single, making it to the second round.
Although Richards, 86, amassed so much fame in the world of sports, she was more famous for one thing— her gender transformation. Let us take a deeper look into Richards' life as a trans person.
RICHARDS' TRANSFORMATION AND CHALLENGES
In 1975, at the age of forty, Richards made history after becoming the first trans woman to play professional sport. Reports had it that the former athlete underwent her transformational surgery at a New York City hospital.
Even though she had lived the first forty years of her life as a man, she was determined to enjoy her remaining years as a different person. However, a year after her gender reassignment surgery, Richards began facing challenges regarding her new sexuality.
In 1976, the US Tennis Association denied Richards entry into the US Open as a woman for failure to pass a Barr Body Chromosome Test known as the "woman born woman test." Richards put up a legal fight, as she sued the association to court for denying her a right to play.
Speaking about her experience in an interview, Richards revealed that the Tennis Association had top lawyers in New York and multiple witnesses for the case.
However, she had just one witness — Billie Jean King. After one year of legal battle, the court ruled in Richards' favor, and she competed in the 1977 US Open as a woman.
Even though it was a joyful time for Richards, many did not buy the idea of a transgender woman competing against other women. Tennis legend, Martina Navratilova, was one of those who penned down her thoughts about transgender athletes.
Navratilova explained to London Sunday Times that she had no issue addressing a transgender woman in any way preferred; however, she would not be happy to compete against her. Navratilova tagged the situation as "unfair and cheating."
Although many believed Richards would have been a threat to other women, she proved otherwise. In the 1977 US Open, the athlete was beaten 6-1, 6-4 by Virginia Wade but competed in the doubles with Betty Ann Stewart and reached the finals.
Richards quickly made a name for herself and became number twenty in the female rankings. The tennis star continued to play professionally until 1981 when she moved over to coaching.
FAME AND FAMILY
Amassing so much fame is one thing, but dealing with the negatives that come with it is another. For Richards, it appears fame cost her a lot, including her wonderful family.
Although several people are conversant with the star's name, many remain oblivious to the fact that she was married and had a son— Nick.
Richards once revealed that she is not friends with her ex-wife, Barbara Mole, and the two only talk when it's about their son. Also, Richards' father refused to come to terms with his child's sex change, and the icon's sister denied her existence to friends.
Richards still shares a good relationship with Nick, who refers to the former as "dad" in private. Although the 86-year-old has faced some criticism in the past, she has won several global headlines as a pioneer for trans-sexual rights.
Richards sees herself as a reluctant pioneer. The trans woman once noted that she was not an activist, but her act was a private one for her self-betterment. Nevertheless, she remains a source of inspiration for multiple transgenders all over the world.
LIFE AS A DOCTOR
After graduating from college, Richards enrolled in medical school at the University of Rochester, becoming an ophthalmologist specializing in eye-muscle surgery and correcting double vision. Following her divorce in 1975, she joined an ophthalmology practice in Newport Beach.
According to Richards, her most significant achievements are as an eye surgeon, operating on more than 20,000 children's eyes.
However, the tennis star once stated that her legacy would be more rooted in her career in human rights. Richards admits her life may seem hectic sometimes, but she has a pretty good one!


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3 December 2012 | EN
Date leaves could improve water treatment in Oman and across the Middle East
[CAIRO] Date palm leaves — currently a waste product of date farming — could be used to remove pharmaceutical chemicals and dyes from hospital wastewater, say researchers from Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in Oman.
The first hospital wastewater treatment pilot project is due to start in Oman early next year, and scientists are working to use this technology in both drinking water filters and for industrial wastewater treatment.
Since 2010, the analytical and environmental research group at SQU's chemistry department has been working to establish a hospital wastewater treatment unit. The unit would treat wastewater — usually loaded with microorganisms and pharmaceutical chemicals — before its release into the sewers, and potentially produce water that could be used in crop irrigation.
The team has been working to produce 'dehydrated carbon', a greener alternative to 'activated carbon', which is widely used in water filtration even though its production is a polluting process as it is usually derived from charcoal and requires the use of high temperatures.
Using dehydrated carbon made from waste date leaves instead is greener, cheaper and more sustainable, the scientists say.
Waste leaves are carbonised by sulphuric acid treatment at 170 degrees Celsius, before being used to treat wastewater.
This technique could be used across most of the Middle East and North Africa, particularly in Oman, where 180,000 tonnes of date palm leaves are produced annually, they say.
"We have found that dehydrated carbon produced from date palm leaves is as efficient as activated carbon for removing pharmaceuticals and dyes from wastewater," El-Said El-Shafey, the project's principal researcher and an assistant chemistry professor at SQU, tells SciDev.Net.
"Date palm dehydrated carbon was also extraordinary in removing heavy metals and can be reused many times," he adds.
El-Shafey says he has spent almost 12 years producing different types of dehydrated carbon from agricultural waste such as date palm leaves, rice husks and olive stones, which have all proved exceptional at removing different pollutants from water.
He is now developing the technology for palm leaves as they are abundant in the region.
The research group is also working to clean up industrial waters from the oil and mining industries, says El-Shafey. But treating drinking water "is our ultimate goal", he adds.
Wael Abdelmoez, owner of a start-up company that produces activated carbon from rice husks, says: "Activated carbon filter production causes a lot of [air] pollution, so using dehydrated carbon from agricultural waste might be greener".
There are doubts about whether this technique can be effectively rolled out, however.
Mahad Baawain, assistant professor of environmental engineering at SQU, says: "Even if the pilot-scale experiments provide positive results, it is very difficult for the industrial sector in our region to adopt and commercialise this technology, compared with the available and tested technologies on the market".
This is partly due to a lack of confidence in local technologies and a preference for those that are familiar and recognised as being effective, he says.
Stanley Weeraratna ( Sri Lanka )
8 December 2012
Dr. Baawain should be congratulated for developing this method of treating waste water, which appears to be very effective and economical.
Herman Winick ( United States of America )
31 December 2012
See the positive recent developments about the SESAME Project at these links:
Chris Llewellyn-Smith article about SESAME in AAAS magazine Science and Diplomacy; Nov. 2012
BBC program; November 2012
with videos of Middle East scientists
half-hour radio documentary; interview with Chris Llewellyn-Smith, Zehra Sayers starts at 9:40
All SciDev.Net material is free to reproduce providing that the source and author are appropriately credited. For further details see Creative Commons.


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The Department of Labor (DOL) has submitted the following public information collection request (ICR) to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval in accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-13, 44 U.S.C. chapter 35). A copy of this ICR, with applicable supporting documentation, may be obtained by calling the Department of Labor. To obtain documentation, contact Darrin King on _PHONE_ (this is not a toll-free number) or e-mail: _EMAIL_.
Comments should be sent to Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Attn: OMB Desk Officer for the Employment Standards Administration (ESA), Office of Management and Budget, Room 10235, Washington, DC 20503 _PHONE_/this is not a toll-free number), within 30 days from the date of this publication in the Federal Register.
The OMB is particularly interested in comments which:
- Evaluate whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including whether the information will have practical utility;
- Evaluate the accuracy of the agency's estimate of the burden of the proposed collection of information, including the validity of the methodology and assumptions used;
- Enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and
- Minimize the burden of the collection of information on those who are to respond, including through the use of appropriate automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting electronic submission of responses.
Type of Review: New collection.
Agency: Employment Standards Administration.
Title: The Secretary of Labor, Exemplary Voluntary Effort (EVE), and Exemplary Public Interest Contribution (EPIC) Awards.
OMB Number: 1215-0NEW.
Affected Public: Business or other for-profit and non-for-profit institutions.
Frequency: Annually.Start Printed Page 60117
Type of Response: Reporting.
Number of Respondents: 80.
Annual Responses: 80.
Average Response Time: Secretary of Labor Award—250 hours; EVE Award—120 hours; and EPIC Award—96 hours.
Annual Burden Hours: 37,280.
Total Annualized Capital/Startup Costs: $0.
Total Annual Costs (operating/maintaining systems or purchasing services): $32.00.
Description: The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) is responsible for the administration of the Secretary of Labors Opportunity Award, Exemplary Voluntary Effort (EVE), and Exemplary Public Interest Contribution (EPIC) Awards. These awards are presented annually to Federal contractors and non-profit organizations whose activities support the mission of the OFCCP. The recognition of Federal contractors who are in compliance with the OFCCP regulations and who work with community and public interest organizations sends a positive message throughout the U.S. Labor Force and business community. The information collected by the nomination process is necessary for determining which establishments should receive an award.Start Signature
Ira L. Mills,
Departmental Clearance Officer.
[FR Doc. 03-26479 Filed 10-20-03; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4510-CM-M


text: Fresh fruits are perishable products that may be exposed to fungal attack easily after harvesting. In this study, efficiency of different vaporized ethyl pyruvate (EP) concentrations [0 (control), 250, 500 or 1000 mu L] on preventing/retarding fungal decay and maintenance overall quality of fresh strawberry and cherry packed in close-lid plastic containers was tested during 6 days of storage at 8 degrees C and 90% relative humidity. Physicochemical, textural and bioactivity of the fruits were also determined. Five hundred microlitres of EP (192 mu L/L in air) gave favourable results for retardation of fungal decay and weight loss of the fruits. Ripening of the fruits was slower for the EP treated samples than that of the control, as understood by the total soluble solid levels of the fruits. EP treated fruits maintained their textural properties for longer (P < 0.05) periods than the control sample. Total phenolic contents and DPPH scavenging abilities of the fruits treated with EP were also comparable. In conclusion, this study confirmed that hurdle effect of vaporized EP and cold storage had great potential to retard fungal decay and maintain postharvest quality of perishable fruits such as strawberry and cherry without causing any negative effect on their colour and bioactivity properties affecting consumer preference. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


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The Ottawa Jail Hostel is a hostel operated by Hostelling International and located at 75 Nicholas Street in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The hostel was originally the Carleton County Gaol, more commonly known as the Nicholas Street Gaol or Ottawa Jail. When the jail closed in 1972, Hostelling International purchased and converted the building, but left much of the structure intact, allowing guests to experience spending a night "in jail". The top floor, which had served as the jail's death row, has been restored to much of its original condition and daily tours are conducted.
In 2009, the hostel's bar, Mugshots, was opened to the public. In July 2011, the courtyard space of the former jail was converted into an outdoor bar for the summer months.
The gallows at the rear of the jail (doors closed), from a public spectator's point of view.
A view of the gallows (doors closed) from within the jail's exercise yard. Note the trap door above the window.
The Nicholas Street Gaol was the main jail of Ottawa for over a century. The structure was built in 1862 next door to the courthouse, and connected by a tunnel. Designed by Henry Horsey, the jail was the site of the hanging of Patrick J. Whelan on February 11, 1869, for the assassination of Thomas D'Arcy McGee. Over 5,000 people witnessed Whelan's hanging, which was a large number considering the size of Ottawa at the time. Staff and guests have reported that Whelan's spirit is one of many that haunts the hostel and will appear at the end of guests' beds or in his death-row cell. The third (official) and final execution at the jail took place on March 27, 1946, when Eugène Larment, who had killed an Ottawa police detective, was hanged. The building remained in use as a jail until 1972 when the outdated facility was closed. The original gallows, however, are intact and remain fully functional. While open, the jail inflicted very inhumane conditions upon those imprisoned there and modern day excavations of the property have revealed numerous unmarked graves. Up to 150 prisoners, consisting of men, women, and children, would be forced to share 60 small cells (1x3 meters) and 30 larger cells (2x3 meters); as well as six solitary confinement units. Inmates included murderers, the mentally ill, or those incarcerated for minor infractions such as drunk and disorderly conduct.