Zephr User Guide
Create a Name Check Sub Rule
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When a registered user has viewed two pieces of content and has not already supplied us with their first name, we want to ask them to provide it. To do this, we need to build a data capture form outcome. For this example, we use a sub rule to build the data capture form that checks whether we already have the registered user's first name and displays the form if we don't.
Note: Sub rules are useful when you need to manage complex journeys. For further information on using sub rules, see the Simplify User Journeys with Sub Rules section.
To build the data capture form in a sub rule, complete the following steps:
 1. If necessary, navigate to the feature we used for our Anonymous and Registered user types as follows:
 1. Select Products from the main menu
 2. Select Features from the menu options
 3. Select the Article feature
 4. Select the version to update
 The rules builder displays
 2. Select the circle beneath Registered in the user type selector bar
 A blank canvas displays.
 3. Add a sub rule, as follows:
 1. Select the Sub Rules segment title from the decision bar
 2. Drag the Sub Rule outcome to the rules canvas
 The Sub Rule dialog box displays, as illustrated below:
 Sub Rule
 3. Enter Name Check in the Title text box
 4. Select the Save button
 A blank sub rule canvas displays as illustrated below:
 Sub Rule Canvas
 4. Select the User segment title from the decision bar
 5. Drag the User Attribute decision node to the sub rule canvas
 The User Attribute dialog box displays, as illustrated below:
 User Attribute
 Complete this dialog box as follows:
 1. Select First Name (Text) from the User Attribute menu
 A further field displays, as illustrated below:
 User Attribute - Condition
 2. Select Is Empty from the Condition menu
 3. Select the Save button
 The User Attribute decision node is added to your sub rule canvas.
 For further information on the User Attribute decision node, see the User topic.
 6. Add an output option for registered users that have already supplied their first name as follows:
 1. Select the Sub Rules segment title from the decision bar
 2. Drag the Output Option decision node to your sub rule canvas
 The Output Option dialog box displays, as illustrated below:
 Output Option
 3. Enter Name Provided in the Title text box
 4. Select the Save button
 The output option is added to your sub rule canvas.
 7. Add a data capture form outcome to collect the first name from registered users that have not supplied their first name as follows:
 1. Select the Outcome segment title from the decision bar
 2. Select Add Outcome
 The Add an Outcome screen displays.
 3. Enter Data Capture Form in the Title text box
 4. Select the Add A New Form Or Custom Component Block button
 5. Select the Add button under the Form heading
 6. Select the Data Capture radio button under the Type options
 The Title text box is pre-filled with Data Capture Form. You can edit this if required.
 7. Select the Add A User Attribute button
 The Add a User Attribute dialog box displays, as illustrated below:
 Add a User Attribute
 8. Select the Add button at the end of the First Name row
 The First Name user attribute is added to your form.
 9. Select the Required toggle
 10. Select the Save button
 The Edit an Outcome screen displays.
 11. Select the Save button
 Your Data Capture Form outcome is added to the decision bar.
 12. The outcome is added to your sub rule canvas.
 8. Drag the Data Capture Form outcome to your sub rule canvas
 9. Connect your sub rule as follows:
 1. Drag from the white circle under the Start Sub Rule node to the Is Empty User Attribute decision node
 2. Drag the Yes node from the User Attribute decision node to the Data Capture Form outcome
 3. Drag the No node to the Name Provided output option
 Your rule looks similar to the following:
 Sub Rule - complete
 4. Select the Done button to return to the main rules canvas
 Your sub rule displays in your main rule as a pink box with a Name Provided node that you can connect to the rest of your rule.
 We continue building the rule with a further trial. To do this, we can follow the instructions in the Create Your Trial topic from the end-to-end example.
 Note: As we now have two trials on the Registered canvas, by default both use the Article default registered tracker. If you want to use different consumption trackers for these trials, select the Consumption Tracker button and define the tracker you want to use, as described in the Access topic.
 After we have added the further trial, we build a paywall to allow registered users to subscribe to a product and become a customer. To do this, follow the instructions in the Create Your Payment Form Outcome from the end-to-end example.


text:
XW1W (Across the World Once a Week)
Collaborative Microblogging for Cross-Cultural Understanding
This week's question: What outdoor game(s) do you play on weekends?
XW1W uses today's instant technologies to share answers to the same question across the world once a week. XW1W is a simple, social way for students to learn about real life in other cultures from real kids all across the world. By simply "hashtagging" Twitter or blog responses to a weekly question about daily life, students can share and learn about other cultures from their international peers.
Responses can be brief: tweeted in 140 characters or less; or longer: blog posts, wiki pages, even multimedia creations. By simply "tweeting" a short response with the _TAG_ hashtag or tweeting a link to other web-based responses, also with the _TAG_ hashtag, students share their local culture and experience. Others across the world are able to find worldwide responses easily via Twitter search or other hashtag tools. Students everywhere are able to see and share answers to the same question across the world once a week. Ready to get started?
See current _TAG_ responses via a TOPSY tweet search or in the widget here:
Have questions or want to get started?
See XW1W FAQ (Read the details or show this to a teen for help!)
A "newspaper" of responses to this week's XW1W question:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Jizzax Province
Frae Wikipedia
Lowp tae: navigation, rake
Jizzax Province (Uzbek: Jizzax viloyati / Жиззах вилояти) is a viloyat (province) o Uzbekistan locatit in the center o the kintra. It borders wi Tajikstan tae the sooth an sooth-east, Samarqand Province tae the wast, Navoiy Province tae the north-wast, Kazakhstan tae the north, an Sirdaryo Province tae the east. It covers an aurie o 20,500 km². The population is estimatit tae be aroond 910,500, wi some 80% livin in rural auries.
The provincial caipital is Jizzakh (pop est 127,500 inhabitants). Ither major touns include Dustlik, Gagarin, Gallyaaral (Gallaorol), Pakhtakor, an Mardjanbulak. Jizzax Province wis umwhile a pairt o Sirdaryo Province but wis given separate status in 1973.
The climate is a typically continental climate, wi mild winters an het, dry simmers.
The economy o Jizzax Province is primarily based on agricultur. Cotton an wheat are the main crops, an extensive irrigation is uised. Naitural resoorces include leid, zinc, airn, an limestane.
The province haes a well-developit transportation infrastructur, wi ower 2500 km o surfacit roads.
The bonnie Zaamin Naitional Pairk, umwhile Guralash Preserve, on the wastren slopes o the Turkestan Range an kent for its unique fauna an flora, is an aw athin the province.
Wildlife is extremely rich here; in spring an in simmer alpine meadaes are gray wi multitude o colors, bricht-reid tulips an snaw-white acacias. In autumn the hills they are magnificently decoratit wi the gowden domes o the hazelnut trees, columns o birch-trees, touerin plane trees, an green thickets. Heich in the muntains, in the upper pairt o the Garalashsay gorge, is a nestin-place o black storks. These rare birds are the pride an joy o Uzbekistan. They are written doun in the "Redbooks" in mony kintras as an endangered species. Early in the ware when the Amasay Depression is floodit, flocks o deuks, wild geese, pelicans an grey herons come here. This territory serves as a nestin place for rose-coloured starlins, shrikes, an sandpipers.
Destricts[eedit | eedit soorce]
Diveesion o Jizzakh Province intae tumans (destricts)
The province is dividit intae 12 destricts (tumans):
Key Destrict name Destrict caipital
1 Arnasay Goliblar
2 Bakhmal Usmat
3 Gallaorol Gallorol
4 Jizzakh Uchtepa
5 Dustlik Dustlik
6 Zaamin Zaamin
7 Zarbdar Zarbdar
8 Zafarobod Zafarobod
9 Mirzachul Gagarin
10 Pakhtakor Pakhtakor
11 Forish Yangikishlok
12 Yangiabad Balandchakir
References[eedit | eedit soorce]


Sunday, April 14, 2013
Map Time!
A map I was working on yesterday while I zoned out watching a movie. It's a sinkhole mini crawl. I imagine this being in a wasteland/desert setting and it is an oasis 100' below the surface. There are small mesa like features (the green and brown thingies) two of which have caves, a cabin, stream and the black squares I haven't figured out. A series of obelisks? A graveyard? Small black boxes?
If you figure it out let me know. I'd love to know.
 1. Lovely map! The black squares grouped together like that make me think of some device of which they are all a part, which activates when some condition is met (moonlight hits them, they're all turned a certain way, etc.).
 2. The black things? Tents!
 3. The Black things? Obelisks made from obsidian. Strange glyphs cover each one, and on a full moon when it reaches its zenith the light shines upon the obelisks. The runes then glow a cold blue.
 On these nights strange sounds can be heard if one puts his ear to the stones. Whether its languages, animal noises, or something stranger one can not really tell.


Excessive rain hit several areas in Georgia's cotton growing region in June.
Where this kind of rainfall occurred, cotton was already planted. Cotton seedlings are highly sensitive to excessively wet soils. In most cases the soil profile dries out and growth and development is not delayed.
But the shear amount of rainfall and continued frequency of rains have left soil in parts of some fields or entire fields waterlogged for days, if not weeks.
First things first, the soil does have to dry out for us to do most anything to the crop. In cases, portions of a field will remain waterlogged while most of the field is drying out. The question of when to start working a field may be based on when a particularly wet portion of the field dries, but consider that these parts of the field may remain unworkable for the entire year and proceeding with field activities in the majority of the field while staying out of wet areas may be the way to go.
Waterlogged soils can cause cotton seedlings to respond in various ways. Generally, waterlogged conditions reduce the crop growth rate by replacing the air in the soil with water, depriving the roots of oxygen.
These roots are unable to maintain normal respiration. Respiration is the process that the plant uses to provide energy and building blocks for growth. Respiration rates are highest in the terminal of the plant and the root tips.
As soils become saturated and eventually waterlogged, they are termed anaerobic. The effects on cotton plants may include chlorosis, yellowing, reduced shoot growth, reduced nutrient uptake, altered hormone levels, and other problems (many acres of cotton have symptoms of reddening leaves and stems being too wet, as well as typical nitrogen deficiency symptoms).
So, if we consider the amount of rainfall and the fact that soils have been waterlogged (or close to it) for an extended period of time, the crop has gotten off to a slow, rough start. This will bring up management issues that may or may not be worth addressing and will likely create a scenario where growers are trying to "fix the problem" or "bring the crop out of it."
This issue will be something that just has to work itself out. As soon as the soil dries out, the crop should start to rebound and major alterations to management will not likely be warranted.
In the meantime:
What's going to fix this cotton?
SUNSHINE AND DRY WEATHER. The plant processes have been slowed and the plant needs time to recover. It will recover when oxygen levels reach normal in the soil and respiration can proceed as normal.
Most of the symptoms are related to the plant not growing, not a lack of something. In most cases, everything the plant needs is there.
Will this cotton live? If the soil is no longer waterlogged and the terminal is green and producing new leaves, then the logical answer would be that it has lived. If not, then it isn't. That answer is pretty simple, but trying to decide while the soil is too wet to do anything is futile.
When the supply of oxygen is cut off to the plant and the field is in standing water, the plant can die in as little as 36 hours. When the supply of oxygen is completely cut off, roots stop absorbing water, even when completely saturated with water, and eventually die. Cotton which has produced several true leaves has fared much better than germinating cotton or cotton with less than two true leaves.
Is this crop worth it now? If the plants aren't dead and actively growing, then in all likelihood it's worth it. Proceed. If some or portions of the field are drowned out, insurance providers and experts may help with that financial decision.
If a part of the field was dry enough to get back going, it would make sense to farm the drier parts, but it may depend on the insurance side of it and the protection and coverage available.
What are the potential lingering effects? Stunted growth. Once excessive moisture is gone, normal growth should start, but the effects may be noticeable for much longer.
One potential issue with waterlogged seedling cotton is the dramatic reduction in root growth. In normal conditions roots develop 0.5 to 2 inches per day. Waterlogged conditions greatly reduce root growth. This may cause the crop to be more prone to drought later in the year.
Other than irrigation to alleviate drought stress, this is a problem that could potentially hurt yield. Development could be delayed such that the crop could be managed like it was planted much later than it really was. Waterlogging could slow growth to the point in which cotton planted much later could actually be farther along and management should reflect this.
Can I cultivate the middles and help it out? n some soils, excessive rainfall events tend to pack soil and "seal" it. When these conditions occur, drying of the soil may proceed slower and there is a potential for cultivation to loosen soil and allow oxygen to reach the roots faster and help the crop start to develop normally.
Since root development was restricted during wet conditions, cultivation could actually prune roots if the sweeps are set too low. One could dig around to see where in fact the major portions of the root zone are before considering cultivation. In most cases where soils are excessively wet for an extended period of time, lateral roots may be very close to the soil surface and pruning them may set us back even further, especially if the tap root has not developed as it should.
Should I try foliar fertilization?
 More from Southeast Farm Press
AFBF files suit to protect farmers' privacy
Kudzu bugs transforming insect control picture of soybeans
Beef producers shouldn't focus on single trait EPDs to improve herds


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- Volume 17 Issue 2
The design process of blended inlet body (BIB) for the preliminary design of a near-space high supersonic unmanned aerial vehicle (HSUAV) is presented. The mass flow rate and cowl area of inlet at a design point are obtained according to the cruise condition of the HSUAV. A mixed-compression axisymmetric supersonic inlet section with a fixed geometry reasonably matching the high supersonic cruise state is created by using the inviscid theory of aerodynamics. The inlet section is optimized and used as a baseline section for the BIB design. Three BIB concepts for the HSUAV are proposed, and their internal aerodynamic characteristics of inlet are evaluated using Euler computational fluid dynamics (Euler CFD) solver. The preferred concept is identified, in which the straight leading edge of the baseline HSUAV configuration is modified into the convex leading edge to accommodate the inlet and meet the requirements of the cowl area to capture the sufficient air flow. The total recovery of inlet for the preferred BIB concept and the aerodynamic characteristics of the modified HSUAV configuration are verified using Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics (NS CFD) solver. The validation indicates that the preferred BIB concept can meet both the requirements of the inlet and aerodynamic performance of the HSUAV.
near-space unmanned aerial vehicle;supersonic inlet;aerodynamic configuration;integrated design;numerical simulation
- Curran, E. T. and Murthy, S. N. B., Scramjet Propulsion, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Reston, Virginia, 2000, pp. 449
- Segal, C., The Scramjet Engine Processes and Characteristics, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2009, pp. 1-86.
- Orbital Science Corporation, "D-21B RBCC Modification Feasibility Study", NASA TM-15296, 1999.
- Tomaro, R. F. and Wurtzler, K. E., "High-speed configuration aerodynamics: SR-71 to SMV", 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference, AIAA _PHONE_, 1999.
- Ross, J. W. and Rogerson, D. B., "XB-70 technology advancements", AIAA _PHONE_, 1983.
- Scharnhorst, R. K., "An Overview of Military Aircraft Supersonic Inlet Aerodynamics", 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, AIAA 2012-0013, 2012.
- Mahoney, J. J., Inlets for Supersonic Missiles, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Washington, DC, 1990, pp. 23-230.
- Seddon, S. and Goldsmith, E. L., Intake Aerodynamics, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Washington, DC, 1985, pp. 20-350.
- Fry, R. S., "A Century of Ramjet Propulsion Technology Evolution", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2004, pp. 27-58. _URL_
- Anderson, Jr, J. D., Fundamentals of Aerodynamics Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York, NY, 2011, pp. 513-668.
- Van der Velden, A., Koch, P. and Wujek, B., "iSIGHTFD, a Tool for Multi-Objective Data Analysis", 12th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, AIAA 2008-5988, 2008.
- Jack, D.M., Hans von O., Elements of Propulsion: Gas Turbines and Rockets, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Reston, Virginia, 2006, pp. 266-277.
- Jack, D.M., William, H.H. and David, T.P., Aircraft Engine Design Second Edition, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Reston, Virginia, 2002, pp. 120.
- Lei, W., Kunyuan, Z., Xiangjun, N., Lin, Z., Ninggang, G. and Yongzhou, L., "Optimization and Experimental Investigation of 2-D Hypersonic Curved Shock Compression Inlet", 18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, AIAA 2012-5959, 2012.
- Van Wie, D. M., Kwok, F. T. and Walsh, R. F., "Starting characteristics of supersonic inlets", 32nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, AIAA 96-2914, 1996.
- Gordon, C. O., Aircraft Propulsion Systems Technology and Design, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Washington, DC, 1989, pp. 203-212.
- Dyer, J. D., Hartfield, R. J., Dozier, G. V. and Burkhalter, J. E., "Aerospace Design Optimization Using a Steady State Real-coded Genetic Algorithm", Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 218, Issue 9, 2012, pp. 4710-4730. _URL_
- Ahuja, V. and Hartfield, D. R., "Optimization of Airbreathing Hypersonic Aircraft Design for Maximum Cruise Speeds Using Genetic Algorithms", 16th AIAA/DLR/DGLR International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, AIAA 2009-7323, 2009.
- Kuchemann, D., the Aerodynamic Design of Aircraft, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Reston, Virginia, 2012, pp. 352.
- Hsia, Y. C., Gross, B. and Ortwerth, J. P., "Inviscid Analysis of a Dual Mode Scramjet Inlet", Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 7, No. 6, 1989, pp. _PHONE_.
- Coratekin, T., van Keuk J. and Ballmann, J., "Preliminary Investigations in 2D and 3D Ramjet Inlet design", 35th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, AIAA 99-2667, 1999.
- Milne, M. E. and Arthur, M. T., "Evaluation of bespoke and commercial CFD methods for UCAV configuration", 24th Applied Aerodynamics Conference, AIAA 2006-2988, 2006.
Supported by : Central Universities

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Updated April 24, 2023
In this application note, we outline the essential aspects of the PDH laser locking method and the practical use of the Moku:Lab Laser Lock Box instrument to realize a PDH laser locking system. This method is also compatible with Moku:Go and Moku:Pro Laser Lock Boxes.
Pound-Drever-Hall laser locking with Moku:Lab
Locking a laser by forcing the laser and reference frequency to be equal allows for two scenarios: (1) the locking system steers the laser frequency to be equal to the reference frequency, which is referred to as frequency stabilization; and (2) the locking system forces the reference frequency to follow the laser frequency, which is referred to as frequency tracking. Whether used for frequency stabilization or frequency tracking, Liquid Instruments' Laser Lock Box is designed to assist in high-performance, high-gain laser locking systems. The Moku:Lab Laser Lock Box offers advanced setup, acquisition and diagnostic features that makes it easier and quicker to set up and characterize laser locking systems.
Basics of laser locking and the PDH technique
At the core of any laser locking technique is the measurement that provides the difference, or error, between the laser and a frequency reference. Often termed the 'error signal', the quality of this signal ultimately determines the precision and accuracy of the entire locking system. Arguably one of the most precise methods for obtaining an error signal is the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique. Using the PDH error signal in feedback systems has proven to give an extremely accurate and precise measure of changes in the laser or cavity, resulting in its use in a myriad of applications such as absorption spectroscopy and gravitational wave detection. The PDH error signal technique has several key advantages such as:
- The technique provides highly accurate and precise measures of phase and frequency differences between the laser and the cavity resonance.
- The sensing technique provides a zero-crossing error signal with zero frequency difference corresponding to a null error signal.
- Assuming all signal processing is done digitally, it avoids low frequency noise generated in analog electronics and demodulation circuits
These advantages do come at some cost. To obtain such a precise measure of the frequency/phase, the PDH technique utilizes radio-frequency modulation and demodulation techniques. This adds considerable complexity to the signal processing system as well as some complexity to the optical system. But once understood, these complexities are minor compared to the advantages of the PDH systems.
Laser Locking using the Moku:Lab Laser Lock Box
The Moku:Lab Laser Lock Box aims to drastically reduce the complexity usually associated with operating and using a PDH locking system. Figure 1 illustrates an example setup of a PDH laser locking system. The setup uses a solid state Nd:YAG NPRO laser, which is aligned and mode-matched to a moderate finesse cavity. The Moku:Lab Laser Lock Box was subsequently used to produce all the signals required to lock the laser to the cavity resonance.
Figure 1: Example of PDH laser locking system
Locking a laser consists of:
- Setting up the system (including alignment).
- Modulating the laser
- Centering the resonance
- Obtaining an error signal
- Locking the laser
- Optimizing the lock
Setting up the system
For the system to be operating optimally, it is important to ensure that the laser beam is well aligned with the optical axis of the cavity and that the mode of the laser matches well with the spatial mode of the resonator. It is important to note that misalignment or mode-mismatches can result in reduced locking performance or, in extreme cases, the system not working at all. Finally, the system is monitored using two photodetectors; one photodetector receives light that is reflected back off the cavity, and the other one receives light that has passed through the cavity.
Connecting the Moku:Lab Outputs
To produce a successful PDH lock, several signals need to be generated.
- The modulation signal; sent to the EOM to produce phase modulation sidebands.
- The primary feedback signal; in this case feedback to the PZT frequency controls of the laser. To drive the PZT of the laser, a high voltage amplifier (HV amp) was used.
- The secondary feedback signal (Optional); used to feedback to the thermal controls of the laser. Temperature feedback generally has greater range but slow and coarse tuning software.
In this case, the modulation signal and the secondary feedback signals were generated on output 2 of the Moku:Lab and separated using a Bias-Tee.
Connecting the Moku:Lab Inputs
The reflected signal from the photodetector generally contains all the information needed to create a feedback signal. This signal is connected to input 1 for most of the signal processing. The second input channel is able to monitor any secondary auxiliary signals.
- Input 1 is used as the main channel for most signal processing. In this system the AC output of the photodetector was connected to input 1 of the Moku:Lab.
- The DC component of the transmitted signal was connected to input 2. Although not necessary, the DC signal helps identify and optimize features in the locking system.
Modulating the laser
Phase modulation in this case is achieved by applying a sinusoidal voltage signal to the EOM.
A modulation signal can be produced by utilizing the Aux oscillator feature. For this system we will use a 10 MHz modulation tone.
- Set the Aux oscillator to 10 MHz.
- Set the Amplitude of the Aux oscillator. Be sure to choose a voltage that is within the EOM specifications. In this case we set the amplitude to 100 mV.
- Choose the Aux Oscillator output. In this example, set the Aux Oscilloscope to output 2.
- Switch the output on.
Scanning the Laser Frequency and finding a resonance
Scanning the laser frequency greatly helps characterize and optimize signals for locking.
A scanning feature is integrated into the Moku:Lab Laser Lock Box. In this example we set the scan generator to output a signal to the PZT actuator (output 1). To do this:
- Set the scan to a triangle waveform
- Set the amplitude to 500 mV
- Choose which output to send the Scan signal to. In this example the output channel is set to output 1
- Switch the output on
Figure 2: Auxiliary oscillator is used to drive the EOM and create phase modulation sidebands.
Centering the system resonance
To make things easier while setting up a laser lock, we can usually center the resonance in the middle of the scan and adjust the offsets applied to the temperature controller.
Adjust the offset to the temperature until the resonant feature occurs at 0 on the scan.
Getting and Optimizing the Error Signal
To get an error signal, the RF signal received from the photodetector needs to be demodulated with the local oscillator. Selecting the correct phase of the local oscillator is critical to optimize the error signal. To do this, adjust the phase of the local oscillator whilst observing the error signal.
Figure 3: Channel A and B showing transmitted response of the cavity and error signal recovered from the cavity respectively.
Locking the Laser
Manually locking the laser
- Center the resonance on the scan.
- Set the fast PID controller. (it may be useful to just use an integrator with a ~10 Hz pole as the response can be optimized later)
- Turn on the PID controllers
- Slowly decrease the scan amplitude until the laser power is at maximum.
- Turn off the scan
- Center the resonance on the scan.
- Set the fast PID controller. (it may be useful to just use a integrator with a ~10 Hz pole as the response can be optimized later)
- Select tap to lock mode
- Tap on the resonance that you want to lock to
Note: Make sure that the direction of the feedback is correct.
Adjusting and optimizing your lock
Once the system is locked, we can optimize the lock.. This generally means adjusting the gains in the PID controller.
To do this open the PID controller menu:
- Increase the proportional gain slightly until the system begins to oscillate.
- Reduce the proportional gain slightly until the system stops oscillating
- Repeat this for the integrators and differentiators (if necessary)
Figure 4: When the laser is locked, the transmitted power (Channel A) will be at its constant maximum.
The error signal (Channel B) will also be held at zero.
The Moku:Lab Laser Lock Box provides an all-in-one laser locking instrument with intuitive controls. By replacing stand-alone waveform generators, phase shifters, demodulators, filters and PID controllers, Moku:Lab enables a high performance laser locking solution.
 Danielle M. R. Wuchenich, Christoph Mahrdt, Benjamin S. Sheard, Samuel P. Francis, Robert E. Spero, John Miller, Conor M. Mow-Lowry, Robert L. Ward, William M. Klipstein, Gerhard Heinzel, Karsten Danzmann, David E. McClelland, and Daniel A. Shaddock, "Laser link acquisition demonstration for the GRACE Follow-On mission," Opt. Express 22, 11351-11366 (2014)
 Moku:Lab Arbitrary Waveform Generator user manual at _URL_


How To Emphasize Things In Chinese
Aug 11, 2021 | Chinese Language
Many foreigners consider China as an ideal destination for them to develop their careers due to the rapid growth of China's economy. Those who have had the chance to live in China were certainly amazed by the rich food culture and the stunning natural scenery. Therefore, it'll be interesting to learn a couple of Chinese phrases that you can use when you're deeply impressed by what you see or what you hear. In fact, some of the following structures that you're about to learn can also come in handy when you would like to put an emphasis on something. So, let's have a look at how to emphasize things in Chinese.
太 (tài) + adj. + 了 (le)
The meaning of this structure is "too/so……". What's interesting about this structure is that it can be used to make a complaint or pay a compliment.
niú ròu tài là le
The beef is too spicy
It's easy to tell that the structure is used to make a complaint in this sentence.
nǐ de zhōng wén tài hǎo le
Your Chinese is so good
In this sentence, the structure is used to pay a compliment.
真 (zhēn) + adj. + 啊 (a)
The meaning of真 (zhēn) is "real", therefore, the whole structure means "really……". The word 啊 (a) at the end is often used to make an exclamative sentence, which means you can use this structure if someone or something impresses you.
zhè gè shāng chǎng zhēn dà a!
This shopping mall is really big!
shāng chǎng
shopping mall
Having fun learning how to emphasize things in Chinese? Let's keep going with some more structures.
就 (jiù) + verb
The character "就 (jiù)" can be translated as "right" or "just". One of the most common ways to use "就 (jiù)" is to combine it with a verb to emphasize a certain fact. Here are two dialogues that can help you better understand this structure:
A: 谁是Jason?
shéi shì Jason?
Who is Jason?
B: 我就是 Jason
wǒ jiù shì Jason.
That's me.
As you may have noticed, the literal translation of the answer is "I'm right Jason", which turns out to be an emphasis. Another example can be the following dialogue:
A: Mike 在哪里?
Mike zài nǎli?
Where is Mike?
B: 他就在这里
tā jiù zài zhèli
He is right here
是 (shì)………的 (de)
Similar to the previous structure, "是 (shì)………的 (de)" is often used by Chinese people when they want to lay stress on a certain part of a sentence. It's important for you to remember that what you want to emphasize goes right after "是 (shì)", and "的 (de)" is always at the end of a sentence.
wǒ shì zuò fēi jī lái shàng hǎi de
I came to Shanghai by plane
In this sentence, the part to be emphasized is the mode of transport, which is "坐飞机 (zuò fēi jī)", meaning "to take a plane".
zhè bēi kā fēi shì wǒ mǎi de
I bought this cup of coffee
As for this sentence, it emphasizes the fact that "This cup of coffee was not bought by anyone else but me".
不 (bù) / 没 (méi) + verb +object + 吗 (ma)?
This structure is usually used when you're surprised by a certain fact in order to emphasize that it's beyond your expectation.
nǐ bù xǐ huān kā fēi ma?
Don't you like coffee?
nǐ zuó tiān méi qù xué xiào ma?
Didn't you go to school yesterday?
We hope you enjoyed reading about how to emphasize things in Chinese. If you are interested in learning more about specific Mandarin Chinese, have a read about Mandarin Chinese loan words!
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Do you want to buy cute animal pajamas for your child? Note these 4 details
I saw a video two days ago, a turtle was lying on the ground, and the adult on the bed lifted the quilt to let him enter the quilt. He slowly climbed into the bed, the key is that two eggs were left on the ground.
warm tortoise
The following netizens leave a message to buy, I also want to buy after reading it, can I turn my child into a "warm tortoise"?
A search online, there are many. All of them are adorable!
Many children love dinosaurs, and they are the most popular
Look how cute this alien creature is
Call me again, I'll call you!
Children like this kind of clothes very much, parents look cute, but! Be sure to take off while your child was sleeping, because after testing, I know that this type of pajamas is not suitable as children's pajamas, regardless of shape or material.
① The shape of clothes makes children uncomfortable
Note these 4 details
There are bulges on the back of some clothes, such as turtle and dinosaur shapes. The bulges on the back will feel uncomfortable when the child is lying flat. I bought new clothes for children for a few days, and then they didn't want to wear when went to bed, because it was uncomfortable.
② The clothes have severe hair loss and can be easily sucked into children's respiratory tract
This kind of clothes is made of fur material such as flannel, and there will be a layer of floating hair on the surface. If the child wears autumn clothes and trousers, they can stick a layer of hair, drill a quilt, and stick on a quilt or a bed sheet Everywhere. If you buy it inferior, you may still lose hair after washing it a dozen times. This kind of hair is easy to be sucked into the respiratory tract of the child, which will cause bad influence on the child over time
Note these 4 details
If some children are allergic to these things, they may feel itchy noses and want to sneeze all day long.
③ The material of the clothes does not absorb sweat but also generates static electricity
Note these 4 details
I actually also have a set of flannel pajamas, but I wrap them every time I take a shower, because they don't absorb sweat. Adults think so, not to mention children. Many children have the habit of kicking the quilt when they sleep. Most of them are due to heat, children's metabolism is faster than adults and they sweat easily when they sleep. However, clothes made of this material do not absorb sweat, and children will feel hot and humid.
The point is that the static electricity is still there, and the hair flutters when I feel it.
④ Inconvenient when the child is urgency
Note these 4 details
Because it is conjoined, when you go to the toilet, you need to untie it, which is more troublesome.
In fact, children can sleep with or without pajamas, even if they wear them, this pajamas are not the best choice, as home clothes, they are usually cute at home. However, before they wear it, take the pajamas outside and shake it well, shake off the floating hair, stick it with a viscose and then wash it, shake it after drying, and then wear is more suitable.
What kind of pajamas should I wear for my child?
① Breathable and sweat-absorbent, pure cotton is best;
② Good elasticity and more comfortable;
③ You can try to sleep naked.
Many mothers know the first two points, few mothers may dare to do the third point, because they are afraid that the child will kick the quilt and catch cold.
In fact, there are many benefits to naked sleeping.
√ Promote children's blood circulation and improve sleep quality
Children sleep naked without restraint, their limbs are more stretched, and their muscles are more relaxed, which can make children sleep more comfortable and improve sleep quality.
√ Make children more secure
Naked sleep allows children to have better contact with their mothers. Before the age of three, it is the establishment period of the safety period. If there is more skin contact before the age of three, the child will feel more secure.
Make your baby's skin more breathable
During the child's sleep, the cortex also secretes sweat. If the clothes are stuck and covered with a quilt, these secretions are likely to block the child's pores and cause some skin problems. If you sleep naked, there will be more room in the quilt, and the child will sweat better and make the skin more breathable.
There are a few things to note:
① Babies under 1 year old are not suitable for sleeping naked.
② The sheets and covers are clean and hygienic, and they are changed regularly to prevent the baby from being attacked by mite bacteria.
③ The baby is poor in constitution, easy to get sick, and his feet are always not warm, do not sleep naked.
Finally, if baby's mother lets her baby wear pajamas to sleep and cannot ensure that the pajamas are clean and hygienic, it is better to sleep naked.
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From Subseapedia
Revision as of 15:50, 8 November 2015 by Phil Collins (talk | contribs) (Steel tube materials)
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There are various types of subsea umbilicals, including for remote operated vehicles (ROVs), communications, control of and supply of chemicals to subsea production systems, and supply of power to subsea processing systems. This article discusses the last two types. ROV umbilicals are discussed in a separate article.
What is a Subsea Production Umbilical?
An umbilical is a bundle of tubes and cables that
 - provides hydraulic power to subsea control systems
 - provides electric power and signal to subsea control systems
 - delivers chemicals for subsea injection at the subsea christmas tree or downhole
 - can provide bulk methanol
 - can provide gas for gas lift
An electrohydraulic subsea control umbilical tyically supplies electrical power and multiplexed signal, hydraulics, and chemicals to one or more subsea control modules (SCMs) controlling subsea christmas trees and/or other elements of a subsea production system; and signals from subsea instrumentation back to the control center.
A direct hydraulic control umbilical provides direct hydraulic control of each valve on a subsea christmas tree, through a bundle of tubes from the topsides hydraulic power unit (HPU) to the subsea tree. No electrical power or signal is required. Actuation of valves is by the supply of hydraulic power to the relevant tube. This is accomplished by opening the relevant valve on the manifold located on the topsided HPU. This type of umbilical is limited to subsea production systems with short offsets to the host and few trees. There is no further discussion of this type of umbilical in this article.
An electric power umbilical supplies the large amounts of power (up to 100KV) required to operate subsea boosting and processing systems. They may or may not include wires for multiplexed control systems and instrumentation, and tubes for hydraulics and chemical injection.
Umbilicals may be classified by the materials used for the tubes, i.e. steel-tube thermoplastic.
Umbilicals or portions of umbilicals may be classified by whether the riser portion is supported for the full length (static)or is suspended in the water column from a floating structure (dynamic)
Umbilicals are typically terminated subsea by an umbilical termination assembly (UTA), which allows for the distribution of hydraulics, chemicals, and electrical signal and power through flying leads connecting the UTA to the subsea production system.
The above schematic shows the topsides and subsea equipment the umbilical interfaces with to make up a subsea electrohydraulic control system. A list of the equipment is:
MCSmaster control system, including a human-machine interface
ROSremote operating system
HPUhydraulic power unit
EPSelectric power unit
UPSuninterruptable power supply
TUDUtopside umbilical distribution system, alternatively
TUTUtopside umbilical termination unit
UTAumbilical termination assembly
EFLelectric flying lead
HFLhydraulic lying lead
SDUsubsea distribution unit (where necessary)
SCMsubsea control module
Production Tree
Steel Tube Electrohydraulic Umbilical
Simple, static umbilical for few wells, shallow to medium depths
SimpleSSField25%.png SimpleEHUmbilical25%.png Media:SimpleEHUmbilical.png (click to enlarge)
The subsea field in the image (top left) is a small shallow water development consisting of:
 - three wells
 - a manifold with a pigging loop
 - jumpers from the wells to the manifold (ROV-installed)
 - dual pipelines terminating in pipeline end termination skids (PLETs)
 - jumpers from the PLETs to the manifold
 - an umbilical terminating in an umbilical termination assembly (UTA)
 - electrical and hydraulic flying leads from the UTA to each subsea well
The platform to which all this ties back is a bottom founded jacket-and-pile structure. The umbilical is therefore pulled from the sea bottom to the deck through a tube, or is otherwise supported throughout its entire ascent. It is a static umbilical.
Because it is static, and because the field is relatively small, a simple umbilical like the one depicted in the image (above right) would work.
A simple electrohydraulic (EH) umbilical will have the following components:
 - steel tubes to deliver chemicals and hydraulic power to the subsea production system. There may be one or more backup tubes for use in case of tube failure. Tubes may be sheathed in LDPE to achieve the proper cross-sectional geometry.
 - one or more electric cables (usually quads of 4 to 10 square mm)to deliver power and multiplexed signal to the subsea control system, and to carry instrumentation signals back to the surface control station.
 - fillers to help create the proper cross-sectional geometry.
 - tape which is wrapped around the elements as they are bundled and twisted into an umbilical. This holds the entire assembly together until it is passed through the extrusion head to receive its HDPE sheathe.
 - HDPE Sheathe
Complex, dynamic umbilical for deepwater, multiple wells or drill centers
ComplexSystem50%.pngSteelTubeUmbilical33%.png Media:SteelTubeUmbilical.png
The subsea field pictured in the image (above left) is a large, complex field, with multiple wells, arranged in multiple drill centers, each with the elements described in the simple well scenario described above. In this case, the umbilical is suspended from a floating host platform, a semisubmersible. It is therefore a dynamic umbilical. A large, complex electrohydraulic (EH) umbilical may have the following features, in addition to those included in the simple umbilical:
 - cables will be armored for dynamic applications, at least from the hangoff point through the wave-affected zone, and through the touchdown point
 - steel tubes may be sheathed for wear protection where they are in contact with other steel tubes in the dynamic zone
 - steel rods or cable may be added to achieve the correct weight-to-diameter ratio to avoid clashing with other risers hung off nearby
 - fiber optics may be added in place of or in addition to signal cables
 - the umbilical may be bundled in two or more passes, necessitating additional layers of tape
Special caseAker
Aker builds umbilicals slightly differently than other bundlers:
 - the pitch of the helical wind is about 2% rather than the usual 6-7%
 - the tubes and cables are held in a matrix made up of reeled elements which lock together as they are bundled into the umbilical
 - carbon rods may be included in umbilicals designed for very deep water, to provide tensile strength without adding significant weight.
Steel tube materials
Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) is the preferred material for deepwater umbilicals because it requires no cathodic protection, is lightweight and strong, has been qualified by major operators and manufacturers for dynamic service, is is usually pilgered rather than seam-welded, and has a successful track record. The most commonly used is 2507, which contains 25% chromium and 7% nickel.
SDSS is duplex stainless steel which, combined with the high chromium and nickel content, give it a pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) of greater than 40, the threshold for use in a seawater environment of less than 60 degrees Celsius without cathodic protection. PRE is calculated for SDSS using the following formula:
SDSS is generally more expensive than other materials, and in periods of high activity may add significant time to delivery of the umbilical. Seam welded tubing is available, and is gaining acceptance in some sectors of the market.
Welding of SDSS tubing is problematic, particularly in sizes between 1" and 4" diameter.
Zinc-coated Nitronic 19D is a lean duplex stainless steel, which has a lower chromium and nickel content than SDSS. It is lower in cost than SDSS, but has less tensile strength, and requires cathodic protection, provided by the zinc coating which is extruded onto the outside surface of the completed tube. It has been qualified for dynamic service. It is thicker-walled and heavier than SDSS for the same pressures and water depths, and is seam-welded, but may used where these risks are acceptable, and lower cost drives the decision. Risks of seam welds may be mitigated using full volumetric inspection, or by adding a spare tube to the umbilical.
Fusion-bonded-epoxy-coated Coiled Tubing is used for larger tubes (typically over 1"), where cost and/or delivery are key drivers. It has a standard epoxy coating to protect from corrosion, a layer of bonding agent, and an HDPE outer coating. It is seam welded. Concerns are corrosion due to holidays in the coating, and leaks in the seam welds.
316L Stainless Steel is sometimes used where expected field life is less than 5 years and pressures required are less than 3000 psi. It is not qualified for dynamic service. Its advantages are low cost and quick or even off-the-shelf delivery.
Where mostly low pressure


text: Choose a fun block, give it a new twist in your layout, and see the quilt design change before your eyes like the colors of a kaleidoscope! Best-selling author Nancy Mahoney shows how the same asymmetrical block can create two strikingly different quilts when you change the colors and rotate the block to let the secondary designs emerge. An expert teacher with an extraordinary eye for design, Nancy demystifies what baffles many quilters about choosing fabrics for scrappy quilts. Learn her tips about color families, scrap plans, and construction techniques. Most of all, enjoy a burst of creativity as you give your scraps a spin and watch the magic happen!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Fractal Generation with Unity
A was hanging out with my awesome friend Anatomecha in one of Seattle's new super awesome, super hip, super gentrified edison-bulb-and-a-million-beers-on-tap bars. He showed me a system he had been working on to create l-system fractals with Unity using very simple properties of how Maya and Unity represent 3D models in 3D space.
I like beer and fractals because they are both awesome, what can I say?
For the uninitiated an L-system fractal is basically where you take a shape, lets call it an "axiom", then you replace the axiom with another shape, let's call that a "generator" which just so happens to be made up of a bunch of axioms.
Rinse and repeat until you have created a self-referential fractal of pure awesomeness. Each rinse and repeat is called an "iteration."
So axiom, and generator:
which, in the cases of these pyramids creates what's called a Sierpinski Pyramid.
For those of you FRACTAL EXPERTS out there there is nothing new yet.
Here is the awesomesauce.
Maya will let you create a model which contains named compenents in a hierarchy. Unity can import the model and preserve the hierarchy and the components. If you create a hierarchical model in Maya which is meant to be a generator, and you pick some of the components in that model's hierarchy to be axioms, then when you load it into Unity all you have to do to make an l-system fractal iteration on it is to find the leaf nodes and replace them with freshly instantiated generators.
Piece of cake right?
Note there are always details. The position, scale, and rotation of the models needs to be preserved. Notice how the Sierpinsky Pyramid replaces a large pyramid with four smaller ones at various offsets?
Yes, these offsets and scale factors (and rotation as well) can be encoded in the Maya model trivially which will be explained now.
Maya representation of a generator
So we are going to create this:
By creating the following two generators:
Left: end branch, right: middle branch.
We then load them up in Unity and create a script that iterates n times over a GameObject looking for leaf nodes with a name that corresponds to the name of a generator.
So have a look at what this looks like in Unity, with an attached script:
Notice the Transform in the Inspector. It contains the relative position, rotation and scale of an axiom. This means when you replace that axiom with a newly instantiated generator you will need to set the generator's Local Scale, Local Rotation and Local Position to these values so it will be in the right spot.
Note the script has two
generators listed, the
middle_branch_generator. These are references to the models in the project, so during an iteration when a node is found with a name like
LSystem.cs script knows to replace it with a
You may notice the leaf nodes have names like
end_branch__0 with a double underscore - this is because Maya requires unique names for it's scene nodes so the script simply discards the
__ and everything after it during the iteration process.
So there is a lot you can do with this.
Essentially you can build a model in Maya, name nodes, and then replace those nodes with other models that have the same name (or, if you prefer, by any more sophisticated replacement algorithm you choose) to recursively create and define a more interesting creation.
Use your imagination and think on that for a minute, it's pretty huge.


text:
Critical Analysis of Eve Merriam's Onomatopoeia
Critical Analysis of Eve Merriam's "Onomatopoeia"
"Onomatopoeia" by Eve Merriam allows the reader to enter a world of reality by expressing sounds with the use of vivid words along with graphic imagery. The poem makes the reader envision an old, leaky faucet, dripping droplets of water. It continues to drip one after another, smacking the bottom of a metal sink. Suddenly, after anxiously waiting, the water begins to pour out in full force and flows freely.
"Onomatopoeia" contains several different themes. First, "A healthy dose of reality is needed for fun" (Ruby 136). Absurdity is a very important concept in this poem. It helps brighten up the reading instead of it being dull. The poem is absurd because it goes into full detail to just describe a leaky faucet. For example, it is like writing five pages of instructions for someone just to teach them how to throw a ball. But nevertheless, it is fun without being boring or confusing at all.
Another theme in this poem is language and meaning. Poets often use words that extend beyond their apparent meaning in order to connect to people through as many words as possible. Poetry can become challenging for the poet and the reader when they realize that a word can have more than one connotation. These connotations came about because various cultures use the word differently throughout the years. To a poet with acute hearing, every word sounds like something it represents (Ruby 135). The sounds and the words we use are "intrinsically related" to what they are trying to say (135).
This poem lacks structure and is not very complex at all. But it is still an extremely powerful and interesting poem. As the reader looks at the poem, "the
words drip one by one down the page, occasionally becoming a sputter of smattering drops" (Ruby 136). There is no real rhyme scheme either but many of the words do rhyme such as utter, sputter, and splutter. Out of the twenty-nine words in this poem, twenty-four of them are related by one or more rhyming elements. Merriam uses many literary devices also. The main device she uses...


March 17, 2014
Restoration project shines new light on Paonia church
Earlana Sims, who is leading the effort to restore the Paonia Fellow Christian Church's 100-year-old stained glass windows, looks at one of the windows as she recalls some of her memories of the church. Her mother first took her to a service at the church, then the First Christian Church, when she was 2 weeks old.
One of Paonia's century-old churches is gaining attention lately, both from its congregation members, and from historical preservation entities that could help protect and restore the building for the next 100 years.
Thanks largely to the efforts of Paonia Christian Fellowship member Earlana "Lana" Sims, the church was placed on the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties on Feb. 24.
Glass artist Rick Steckel of Crawford puts the finishing restoration touches on a 100-year-old stained glass window from the Paonia Fellowship Christian Church.
Currently, 27 Delta County properties and sites are on the register, including three other churches: the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Delta, the First Presbyterian Church of Eckert, and the Hotchkiss Methodist Episcopal Church.
Originally established as the First Christian Church, the building, located at the corner of Third and Box Elder, was completed in 1908 and dedicated in March of 1909. The name was changed to Paonia Christian Fellowship in 2002 following a split of the congregation.
The building is an excellent example of Romanesque-style architecture, which was primarily used in religious, civic and commercial buildings, wrote Heather Bailey, State and National Register Historian with the office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation.
The church was built with sandstone quarried from near what is now Mount Jumbo. According to Sims' church history, R.J. Decker and his son, Orange, built the road to the quarry, quarried the stone, hauled it to Paonia and laid the foundation. These sandstone blocks were also used locally in the construction of several other buildings of that period. Stones for the inside walls "were quarried north of Paonia to the east of the old Converse Mine," according to the state application. "Albert Campbell and W.T. Bross hauled much of this."
"My mom brought me to this church when I was two weeks old," said Sims, who is the longest standing congregation member, but not its oldest. Her life history can be traced through the history of the church. Her father was born in 1898, the year the congregation was established, and at one time, her mother was the oldest living member. Earlana and husband Ron were married there in 1958, and their two daughters also were married there. Ron crafted the oak cross hanging above the sanctuary. "Two of my grandmothers, their funerals were here. Yeah, we have quite a history with the church," said Earlana, who also penned the church's history, from its first congregational meeting in 1898, to the building's 100th anniversary in 2008.
Kathy Steckel points to a broken piece of stained glass and demonstrates how the lead soldering is disintegrating due to 100 years of exposure to the elements and the pane's own weight. The adjacent window has already undergone restoration.
But more than 100 years of use and exposure to the elements have taken their toll on the building, leaving its foundation and other features in need of repair.
Church members recently discovered several cracks and bows in the church's many signature stained glass windows, caused by more than a century of harsh weather and temperature fluctuations (plus a few well-aimed rocks and BBs). A congregation member suggested that Sims apply for selection to the state Register of Historic Properties, which would qualify the building for state preservation funding. Those funds come from a portion of the state's gaming tax revenues. The application was timely, since after this year, all of the state's preservation funds for the next three years will be earmarked for restoration of the state Capitol.
Feeling a sense of urgency, Sims also began fundraising efforts to repair the windows. Thanks to donations by community and church members, including a generous anonymous contribution, she was able to begin having the windows restored.
Despite an extensive documented history of the church and its construction, there is no record of who made the stained glass windows. "I'd like to do a little more research," said glass artist Rick Steckel of K Dahl Glass in Crawford. Steckel and his wife, Kathy, were chosen for the restoration project. "The fact that they were able to
Each pane is first given a water bath to remove grime and prevent dust from escaping the disintegrating lead solder. Some of the pieces were so dirty that the Steckels weren't certain what colors they were until they cleaned them. Much of that grime was remnants of a time when the church was heated by a coal stove.
make curves like this and make everything fit together is pretty remarkable."
The process of making stained glass windows hasn't changed much in the last 500 or so years, explained Rick while he and Kathy were busy putting the finishing touches on one of the panes at their shop near Crawford. The biggest change has probably been in the quality of the tools, and in safety. "They didn't have a lot of the fancy grinders and things, so most of the cuts they made were by hand," he said, pointing to the flowing lines of a flower.
The Steckels have identified 57 panes in need of restoration. Most of the frames are about 28 by 30 inches, and many are part of a two-frame set, a top and bottom panel that appears as one window when installed.
The brunt of the repair work lies in replacing all of the lead solder that frames each piece.
"After 100 years it gets old and crisp, especially the outside lead," which frames the entire window and gives it strength, said Rick, crumbling a strip of solder in his fingers. "There's no way that that's going to give any support to the glass at all." It's the same with almost every window they have inspected.
Moisture gets into the joints and expands and contracts with the changes in temperature, causing the pieces to shift, Rick explained. "So the entire window is moving almost all of the time." Considering that "they're very, very solid windows. They've been there for 100 years or more, and so gradually, they're going to bow and sag and that's going to cause the pieces to crack."
People passing by the Paonia Christian Fellowship Church are likely to notice that some of the church's 100-year-old stained glass windows are missing. Rick and Kathy Steckel of K Dahl Glass in Crawford are meticulously restoring each of the panes.
The company that made the original stained glass, the Paul Wissmach Glass Manufacturers of West Virginia, is still making pressed glass and was able to match the century-old colors and patterns.
Replacing glass doesn't harm the historical integrity of the pieces, since that particular glass is still being made, said Rick. If the glass were custom-made or had original art work, then priority would be set on preserving each piece of glass.
Where possible, the broken pieces will be repaired with an epoxy and will show up only as a crack in the glass.
The Steckels began the project in December, starting with the symbolic Cross and the Crown, which was bowed and needed to be straightened, but was otherwise in good shape. That window has already been re-installed on the southwest corner of the church.
Upon arrival at K Dahl, individual pieces of glass are numbered, and a "rubbing" of the window is made. This rubbing provides a pattern for where each piece of glass belongs and how tightly each should fit and still fitting back into the original frame. They also photograph each window after it is repaired. The photo, along with the rubbing, creates an archival document, said Kathy Steckel, a 35-year veteran of glass arts.
The entire frame is then bathed in water and gently scrubbed with a soft brush to reveal the true colors of the glass. (The Cross and the Crown was so dirty, they couldn't tell what colors it was, even with sunlight shining through.) This process dampens the lead solder, making it easier and safer to work with, and loosens the original grout.
To prevent future structural damage, zinc solder will be used instead of lead in key places, since it is stronger and can add more support to the window. Where necessary, structural reinforcement bars will be added to the back sides of the windows to prevent bowing and sagging. From inside the church, the bars will appear only as shadows.
The hardest pieces of glass to replace are at the centers of the frames, "where you have to dismantle to the center to get the middle piece," said Rick, describing the process as putting together a puzzle in reverse. "It would probably be less work to build a new window, but then, of course, you have a new window instead of these, and these are great."
Once the framework is complete and broken glass replaced or repaired, the joints are thoroughly grouted. The idea, said Rick, is to produce a waterproof grout that will expand and contract. The grout they mix, "kind of a cross between a slurry and a putty," helps stabilize the entire window and keeps the water out of the joints. "If you could seal the moisture out, there would be very, very little deterioration at all," said Rick.
"The whole idea here is to make it last as long as possible," said Rick. "I feel pretty confident that when these go back in, barring BBs and rocks, they're going to last


text:
This is the first release of a new quarterly bulletin that aims to provide more information about the different approaches to measuring owner occupiers' housing costs.
There are 3 different approaches that measure different aspects of owner occupiers' housing costs: the rental equivalence approach, the net acquisitions approach and the payments approach.Back to table of contents
The Consumer Prices Index including Housing costs (CPIH) is identical to the UK's headline measure of consumer price inflation, the Consumer Prices Index (CPI), with the additional inclusion of a measure of owner occupiers' housing costs (OOH).
OOH are the costs of housing services associated with owning, maintaining and living in one's own home. This is distinct from the cost of purchasing a house. A consumer price index aims to measure consumption, whereas the purchase of a house is the purchase of an asset that is not consumed in the same way as other items. OOH costs are therefore challenging to measure. There is not a single defined measure of OOH because they can be calculated differently depending on what the target is. In particular, should it be measured at the point of acquisition of the housing service, the point of use, or the point at which it is paid for? Each of these 3 approaches has its own specific methodological strengths and weaknesses and is measured using different methods. Determining which approach is most suitable for a given purpose and how best to measure it, is one of the most contentious issues in the field of inflation measurement. The reasons for this stem from both methodological and practical considerations.
This article is the first in a series that aims to provide more information about the different approaches to measuring OOH to aid your understanding of the differences in concept and underlying methodology. It will be updated on a quarterly basis to evaluate the performance of the different measures over time, in prevailing economic conditions. It will also include a new "spotlight" section each quarter that focuses on a particular topic relevant to the measurement of OOH. The first spotlight will look at the relationship between private rents and house prices. We invite you to submit ideas for future spotlights to _EMAIL_.
As this is the first publication of this release, the focus will be more on the trends seen across the entire time period (2005 to 2016). It will therefore be a longer article than future releases, which will instead focus more on recent data.
For more information on the CPIH, please see the CPIH compendium.Back to table of contents
In constructing a measure of inflation, a decision must be made on the point at which to observe price change. There are 3 choices:
the point of acquisition of a good or service
the point at which it is used
the point at which it is paid for
For most goods and services, this makes little to no difference. For example, an apple would generally be acquired, paid for and used (eaten) in the same period (month). For a number of goods and services, it could make some difference. These differences are at their largest when considering owner occupiers' housing costs (OOH). Owner occupiers' housing is acquired at a single point, used for many years and can be paid for (for example, through a mortgage) over much of a lifetime. Statisticians and economists have developed theoretical methods to measure OOH from each of these perspectives; each method is summarised in Table 1.
Table 1: Methods used to calculate the different approaches of measuring owner occupiers' housing costs
|Payments||The payments relating to the ownership of owners occupiers' housing||Payments||Directly measures what households pay as owner occupiers when consuming housing. Includes mortgage interest payments, transaction costs and running costs.|
|Net acquisitions||The cost of acquiring and maintaining owners occupiers' housing||Acquisitions||Treats a house as the purchase of a good that is part asset (the land) and part consumable (the house). Includes costs associated with buying and maintaining a house, for example major repairs, transfer costs and dwellings insurance.|
|Rental equivalence||The ongoing consumption of owners occupiers' housing services||User costs||Assumes a dwelling is a capital good and therefore not consumed, but instead provides a flow of services that are consumed each period. Rental equivalence imputes owner occupiers' housing costs from the rents paid for equivalent rented properties.|
|Narrow user costs||The ongoing consumption of owners occupiers' housing services||User costs||Assumes that a dwelling is a capital good and therefore not consumed, but instead provides a flow of services that are consumed each period. Estimates are made for each of the individual elements of the costs of the services. These include the opportunity cost to the owner occupier of having money tied up in their dwelling rather than being used for some other purpose, plus depreciation and recurring costs such as maintenance.|
|1. There are 2 use-based approaches, rental equivalence and narrow user costs. While they both measure OOH at the point of consumption, these 2 approaches can also give different results, particularly in the short-term.|
Download this table Table 1: Methods used to calculate the different approaches of measuring owner occupiers' housing costs.xls (28.2 kB)
This article presents a comparison of the rental equivalence, net acquisitions and the payments approach to calculating OOH. The narrow user cost method has not been developed because of the subjectivity involved in selecting the methodology for determining the real rate of interest, an important component in calculating the opportunity cost of home ownership. Both the net acquisitions approach and the payments approach are produced on an experimental basis.
Overview of the payments approach
The first measure discussed here is a payments approach to calculating owner occupiers housing costs – OOH(Payments). It is presented in this article as a comparison tool against the other approaches, but it has not been published previously. While the approach used to measure owner occupiers' housing costs in the RPI is sometimes described as a payments approach, this is not strictly true as it includes a measure of depreciation and doesn't include stamp duty as a transaction cost.
For the purposes of this article, the payments approach is aggregated together using the relevant components from RPI (including mortgage interest payments, transactions costs and running costs) in addition to indices that capture changes in payments of Stamp Duty and major repairs and maintenance. For more information about the methodology used to calculate the payments approach, please see Annex 1A for a summary.
Overview of the net acquisitions approach
Eurostat is currently exploring different ways of measuring owner occupiers' housing costs for the European-wide Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP). As part of this development work, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) is required by European regulations to produce an index using the net acquisitions approach – OOH(NA). The net acquisitions approach is preferred by Eurostat because it is the best measure to use to produce a consistent measure across all European countries. This is because the housing market is different across different countries: for example, in many countries there is no rental market, which means that the rental equivalence approach cannot be used. Moreover, the rental equivalence approach is not necessarily in line with HICP regulations, which forbids the use of imputation1.
However, there are still a number of limitations with the net acquisitions approach. For instance, because of lack of available data in most European countries (including the UK), the methodology proposed does not separate between the land and house price, and therefore there will be some measure of asset price included in the index. This means it is not suitable as a measure of the cost of consumption. In addition, there is currently no available weighting information for one of the sub-components of the index and therefore a zero weight is applied. In summary, while this is the best measure of the net acquisitions approach that we can currently produce, this lack of available source data affects the reliability of the approach and it therefore should be treated with caution.
The net acquisitions approach presented here is consistent with the measure that we currently produce for Eurostat, which can be found on our website. For more information about the methodology used to calculate the net acquisitions approach, please see Annex 1B for a summary, or the full methodology article for more information.
Overview of the rental equivalence approach
The final approach presented here, the rental equivalence approach – OOH(RE) – is consistent with the measure of owner occupiers' housing costs (OOH) used in the CPIH. As the principle behind CPIH is to measure the average change in the prices of goods and services bought for the purpose of consumption by households, the appropriate measure of OOH in CPIH is rental equivalence, which captures the ongoing consumption of owner occupiers' housing services. This is because the other approaches include either a measure of interest rates, or some measure of the capital element of housing, which make them unsuitable for a price index that measures the changing cost of consumption. The approach is also based on a higher quality data source than the other approaches presented in this article, allowing for a more reliable estimate of the measure.
For more information about why the rental equivalence is used in CPIH, please see the CPIH compendium. The compendium also contains further information about the methodology used to calculate the rental equivalence approach, or please see Annex 1C for a summary.
Notes for Different approaches of measuring owner occupiers' housing costs:
- Please see Section 1.2.3 in the CPIH Compendium for more information.
The payments approach aims to measure the payments related to the ownership of owner occupiers' housing costs (OOH). This means that all payments that households make as owner occupiers when consuming housing should be included, such as mortgage interest payments, transaction costs such as estate agency fees and legal fees, and running costs such


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Hello everybody, welcome to my recipe page, looking for the perfect Hamburger pie recipe? look no further! We provide you only the perfect Hamburger pie recipe here. We also have wide variety of recipes to try.
Before you jump to Hamburger pie recipe, you may want to read this short interesting healthy tips about Methods To Live Green And also Spend less Money In The Kitchen.
Until fairly recently any individual who indicated concern about the wreckage of the environment raised skeptical eyebrows. That has fully changed now, since we all appear to have an awareness that the planet is having problems, and we all have a part to play in fixing it. Unless everyone begins to start living much more eco-friendly we won't be able to resolve the problems of the environment. These adjustments need to start occurring, and each individual family needs to become more environmentally friendly. Read on for some methods to go green and save energy, largely in the kitchen.
A lot of electrical power is definitely wasted when fridges and freezers, both heavy users of electricity anyway, are not operating efficiently. When you can get a new one, they use about 60% less than the old models that happen to be more than ten years old. The right temperature settings for your fridge and freezer, whereby you'll be saving electricity and optimising the preservation of food, is 37F and also 0F. An additional way to save electricity is to keep the condenser clean, because the motor won't have to go as often.
From the above it ought to be apparent that just in the kitchen, by itself, there are many little opportunities for saving energy and money. Green living is not really that difficult. Typically, all it takes is a little common sense.
We hope you got benefit from reading it, now let's go back to hamburger pie recipe. To make hamburger pie you only need 7 ingredients and 7 steps. Here is how you achieve it.
The ingredients needed to make Hamburger pie:
- Prepare 1 lb of ground beef.
- Provide 2 of pie crusts (top and bottom).
- Use 3 cups of water.
- Provide 1 can of condensed cream of celery soup.
- Take 2 of teaspoonfuls Garlic salt.
- Get 2 cups of mixed vegetables.
- Provide 1/2 cup of cooked vegetable (for garnish, optional).
Instructions to make Hamburger pie:
- Brown ground beef.
- In large saucepan, mix soup, water, mixed vegetables, and garlic salt..
- Cut pie crusts in diagonal strips. Lay 1/2 the strips in 9 x 11 pan until bottom is completely covered..
- Add browned hamburger meat to vegetable mixture..
- Pour into dish.
- Cover with the rest of the pie crust strips.
- Add garnish vegetables (I used cooked asparagus). Bake at 350 degrees for 1 hour covered. Uncover and cook for another 30 minutes..
If you prefer Pie plate instructions also included. Combine ground Beef, cornflakes, garlic powder, Onion, and egg; mix well. Be the first to rate & review! Beef, green beans, and potatoes come together in a savory pie that is sure to satisfy the whole family. Our most trusted Hamburger Pie recipes.
If you find this Hamburger pie recipe valuable please share it to your friends or family, thank you and good luck.


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Recently, NOSSA updated the Terrestrial Culture Fact Sheet. Instead of one sheet, it was decided to split it into three – Culture of Fast Multiplying Terrestrials, Culture of Slow Multiplying Terrestrials and Culture of Fungi Dependent Terrestrials. Though much of the growing information is similar, there are some significant differences of which growers need to be aware. The first of the fact sheets is Culture of Fast Multiplying Terrestrials.
FLAGBEARER SPECIES: Pterostylis curta
Others include Chilogolottis, Corybas, Cyrtostylis, Diplodium, Microtis most Pterostylis and some Diuris. Most FMs are Autumn or Winter flowering. The exceptions are Diuris and Microtis. FM are the most common terrestrial orchids to be seen at meetings and shows. Once seedlings are established they are no longer fungi dependent.
GROWTH HABIT: FMs are the easiest terrestrial's orchids to grow. They multiply by forming 2 – 5 tubers per plant each year. The annual growth cycle comprises 6 – 8 months as growing plants under cool (5 – 20⁰ C max, 0 – 14⁰ C min) moist conditions and 4 – 6 months as dormant tubers in hot (18 – 42⁰ C max, 12 – 30⁰ C min) dry conditions. New tubers are produced in winter/spring. FMs are colony types, ie they multiply annually and will spread out over time if planted in the ground. Each tuber sends up a shoot to the surface in autumn and leaves grow rapidly in late autumn/early winter as temperatures fall and the rains set in. FMs mainly flower in Autumn and Winter. Diplodium & Pterostylis leaves are usually the first to appear in March followed by Diuris and Microtis in April, and Corybas in June to July. In October/November the leaves go yellow, then brown and dry as the days get longer, hotter and drier in late spring.
LIGHT/SHADE: In Adelaide, they thrive in a shadehouse of 50% shadecloth. Some species prefer heavy shade, others full sunlight but most will adapt to a wide range of light intensity. Sun loving species (Diuris & Microtis) prefer a brighter location for good growth. Corybas like the shadiest corner. If the leaves and stems are weak and limp or if the leaf rosettes are drawn up to the light, then the shading is too dense and amount of light should be increased.
In very cold areas an unheated glasshouse may be required for frost protection although light frosts do not worry the majority of species.
AIR MOVEMENT/HUMIDITY: All species like good air movement and will not thrive in a stuffy humid atmosphere especially if temperatures are high.
WATERING: The soil should be kept moist at all times during active growth by watering gently if there is no rain. Hand watering is especially necessary in spring as soil in pots dries out more rapidly than in the garden. Watering must be done slowly so that the matt of needles on the surface of the pot is not disturbed. Slugs and snails love these plants and must be kept under control. Raising the pots off the ground on galvanised steel benching is very effective in controlling these pests.
After the leaves have turned yellow, let the pot dry out completely to dry up the old roots and tubers otherwise they may turn into a soggy mouldy mess and rot may destroy the adjacent new tubers.
REPOTTING: They grow better if repotted annually otherwise the plants crowd together around the rim of the pot. Repotting is normally done between November and January. The pots can be knocked out and the tubers examined without harm. For best results repot the tubers in half fresh soil mix. A suitable soil mix is 40% loam, 50% sand and 10% organic matter with a little blood and bone fertilizer added. (They will also grow in native potting mix.) A 5 mm sieve is a useful tool for separating tubers from soil. Replant the dormant tubers with the tops 20 mm deep. Cover the soil surface with a mulch of chopped sheoak needles (20 – 50 mm lengths). This prevents soil erosion and assists with aeration under the leaves.
SUMMER CARE: Keep the pots shaded and allow the pots to dry out between light waterings until mid-February when they should be set out in their growing positions and watered a little more often. The tubers of some species will rot if kept wet during the dormant period, others will produce plants prematurely which are then attacked by pests such as thrip and red spider mite and fungal diseases in the warm weather.
FERTILIZING: FMs are very hardy and will benefit from weak applications of folia feed in the early growth stages.
OTHER CULTURE NOTES:
- SLOW MULTIPLYING TERRESTRIALS
- FUNGI DEPENDENT TERRESTRIALS
NB: IT IS ILLEGAL TO TAKE PLANTS (WHOLE PLANT, FLOWERS, SEEDS AND TUBERS) FROM THE WILD


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Tall al-FāriʿahArticle Free Pass
Tall al-Fāriʿah, ancient site in northern Palestine, located near the head of the Wādī al-Fāriʿah northeast of Nābulus in Israeli-occupied Jordan. Excavations at the site, spon sored since 1946 by the Dominican École Biblique de St. Étienne in Jerusalem, have revealed that occupation began during the Chalcolithic Age (c. 4000–c. 3000 bc), although no actual structures have been found antedating the beginning of the Early Bronze Age (c. 3200–c. 2300). Though the site was massively fortified, it appears to have been deserted from about 2950 to about 1900. Thereafter, it gradually regained its importance, and the succeeding building stages seem to confirm the identification of the site with Tirzah, one of the capitals of northern Israel during the 9th century. The site was destroyed by the Assyrians in 722 and was finally abandoned about 600 bc.
What made you want to look up "Tall al-Fari'ah"? Please share what surprised you most...


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The Carmelite Third Order (Secular)
Some members of the Carmelite Third Order in Britain.
The Third Order is the branch of the Carmelite Order for lay people and
diocesan clergy who, by the profession of promises, make a formal and
public commitment to living the Carmelite way of life. Members of the
Third Order, or 'tertiaries', live the Carmelite charism
and practice the Evangelical Counsels
of poverty, chastity and obedience according to their personal state in life. It
has sometimes been said of these 'Tertiaries' or 'Lay Carmelites' that they are
'Carmelites who work from home"!
Members of the Third Order (recognisable by their 'profession scapulars')
A brief historical overview
gathered with Carmelite friars for prayer at Aylesford Priory
Since the earliest days of the Carmelites in medieval Europe, lay men and women have been attracted by the Order's spirituality, its particular'slant' on the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
From the thirteenth century onwards lay people became members of the Order through the profession of promises, or through membership of confraternities (brotherhoods) linked to Carmelite friaries (to read more about the history of laity in the Carmelite Family click here
Such groups and individuals laid the foundations for the more formal development of the Third Order (Secular) in the seventeenth century, an organisation of lay people - sometimes known as Tertiaries or Lay Carmelites - who follow the Carmelite way of living according to their own state in life, professing promises of obedience and chastity.
What does the term 'Third Order' mean?
The term 'Third Order' is not a hierarchical one, or an indication that the Lay Carmelite vocation is not as important as the 'First Order' of friars. The terminology simply indicates the historical order in which the groups developed. After the original Carmelite hermits the friars were organised as the 'First Order' (brothers, some of whom are priests). The 'Second Order' refers to the enclosed nuns. The 'Third Order Regular' refers to apostolic sisters working 'out in the world'. The 'Third Order Secular', or 'Secular Order', refers to those lay people and diocesan clergy who follow the Carmelite way of life in their own circumstances, having made profession of promises.
How do lay people live the Carmelite way of life?
Carmelite tertiaries come from a variety of professional and social backgrounds. After being received into the Order they continue to live in their own homes and work in the world, demonstrating their love of God through their love of family, colleague and neighbour.
Life as a Lay Carmelite is way of living in a spirit of true communion with the entire Family of Carmel into which we are fully accepted and incorporated. Members of the Third Order are not 'affiliates' or 'associates' of the Order, but fully-professed Carmelite brothers and sisters who share in the charism of Carmel.
Profession of the Evangelical Counsels as a tertiary is the fullest means for a lay person or diocesan cleric to belong to the Carmelite Order. Profession is a serious (but not sombre!) commitment. The purpose of making this commitment is to respond more deeply to one's baptismal calling to follow Jesus Christ.
Membership of the Third Order requires the cultivation of a deeper and constant conversion that seeks God in openness of heart and mind...
- in contemplative and prayerful reflection on Christ as he is revealed to us, especially in pondering the Scriptures
- by a sincere sense of community that extends to all and implies an active concern for issues of justice and peace in the world God has entrusted to our stewardship
- by faithful fulfilment of the will of God as it is manifested through the commitments arising from each member's individual state in life (such as obligations to family, employers, etc.).
Individuals and sometimes entire families are drawn to Lay Carmel.
The Third Order worlwide
The Third Order was formally organised for the first time in seventeenth-century Italy. Since then various Carmelite Third Order movements have developed in different parts of the world, some on a small scale and others very large. Most provinces (national or cultural regions) of the Order today have a Third Order presence.
The Second Vatican Council gave new energy to the Third Order, with the Church's emphasis on the vocation of the laity, and a call for religious orders to return to their roots (which, in the case of Carmel, meant rediscovering the important place of the laity). As the notion of Carmelite Family
developed from the 1970s onwards, so has the significance of the Third Order.
Today the Third Order is numerically the largest group within the Carmelite Family
(after the less formal bonds of those who belong to the Brown Scapular Confraternity
In 2007 Saint George Preca
became the first member of the Carmelite Third Order to have his holiness formally recognised by the Church through a decree of canonisation. The sanctity of other holy men and women of the Third Order is being considered by the Holy See, and popular Carmelite tradition reveres a number of lay people associated with the Order over the centuries, such as Blessed Joan of Toulouse.
The Third Order in Britain
Although there were many forms of
connection between Carmelite religious and lay people in medieval
Britain, there was no formal 'Third Order' at the time of the
Reformation when the Carmelites and other religious orders were dissolved.
Various individual and isolated Lay Carmelites may have been in the
country from the seventeenth century onwards. The Third Order became
very active in Ireland in the nineteenth century.
When the Carmelite
friars (of the Ancient Observance) returned to Britain in the early
twentieth century, they were keen to encourage the Lay Carmelite
vocation and established a number of Third Order Chapters (lay communities)
across the country. A lot of our existing lay communities were established in the 1950s and 60s.
In the 1990s a process of spiritual renewal and organisational revival began within the Third
Order in the British Province, and today the Third Order is flourishing
in Britain. A full programme of initial formation is now
offered to potential candidates, along with opportunities for prayer, community-building and service.
From 2006 members of the Third Order began to develop Carmelite Spirituality Groups
as a new form of Lay Carmelite community that incorporates both tertiaries and others inspired by Carmel.
Lay Carmelite communities (Third Order Chapters
and Carmelite Spirituality Groups
) are growing across England, Wales
As of 2012 there are approximately 800 members of the
Carmelite Third Order in Britain, linked to over twenty Chapters and
Carmelite Spirituality Groups.
Members of the Carmelite Third Order gathered at Aylesford Priory in 2011.


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twenty-foot equivalent unit series
Drawing on industrial music from the 1980s – containerisation caused the demise of London's many docks and the surrounding deindustrialisation that followed provided the raw material for the birth of a political sonic reaction – Hellier has recorded percussive and resonant encounters with these familiar steel boxes. Using high sample-rate recordings and ambisonics, they reveal the hidden stories. Evoking the ghosts of their contents and journeys, each vessel resonates differently, depending on its (unidentified) load and undisclosed history but also echos of that industrial music. The soundtrack contains fragments from Test Dept, Hellier attended a gig at the Albany by the band in 1984 during the height of the miners strike, supported by a welsh male voice choir. An attempt to make aural the anger felt at the time of immense social change.
The (mostly male) phenomenon of 'container ship spotting' makes up the visual source material for these distorted journeys. The title references both the universal system used to describe cargo capacity for intermodal containers (the twenty-foot Equivalent Unit being 1 TEU) as well as the modular sculptures of infamous America Minimalist sculptor, Carl Andre. The overall effect of Hellier's work is a haunting sonic and visual experience, which evokes a sense of the uncomfortable and encourages the viewer to reflect on 21st-century displacement and the unending 'trafficking' of goods – material and people – around the world.
Twenty Foot Equivalent No.4 5 screen video installation and quad audio sound track


What's terrible in the satellites of Mars?
Somehow the American astronomer Asafu The pole tired of learning Mars, and he decided to go to bed. But his wife, whom he feared, insisted that he continue research - and that night he opened two satellites of Mars. Witty astronomer called them Phobos (fear) and Deimos (horror).
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Publisher : The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
DOI : 10.22634/KSME-A.1918.104.22.1688
Title & Authors
Thermoviscoelastic Stress Analysis by the Finite Element Method Sim, Woo-JIn; Park, In-Kyu;
Uncoupled, quasi-static and linear thermoviscoelastic problems are analyzed in time domain by the finite element approximation which is developed using the principle of virtual work and viscoelasticity matrices instead of shear and bulk relaxation functions as in usual formulations. The material is assumed to be isotropic, homegeneous and thermorheologically simple, which means that the temperature-time equivalence postulate is effective. The stress-strain laws are expressed by relaxation-type hereditary integrals. In spatial and time discritizations, isoparametric quadratic quadrilateral finite elements and linear time variations are adopted. For explicit derivations, the viscoelastic material is assumed to behave standard linear solid in shear and elastically in dilatation. Two-dimensional examples are solved under general temperature distributions T = T(x, t), and compared with other opproximate solutions to show the versatility of the presented analysis.
Thermoviscoelastic;Thermorheologically Simple;Hereditary Integral;Viscoelasticity Matrix;Finite Element Method;


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Distributed systems for Large-Scale-Metrology applications generally include a set of angular and/or distance sensors, distributed around the measurement volume, and some targets to be localized, in contact with the measured object's surface. For these systems, estimating the uncertainty in target localization is far from trivial, as it may be affected by several factors: uncertainty in sensor calibration and angular/distance measurements, relative position between targets and sensors, etc. This paper proposes a novel approach based on the combined use of the Multivariate Law of Propagation of Uncertainty and Monte Carlo method. Preliminary results and experimental tests are presented and discussed.
|Titolo:||Uncertainty evaluation of distributed Large-Scale-Metrology systems by a Monte Carlo approach|
|Data di pubblicazione:||2016|
|Digital Object Identifier (DOI):||10.1016/j.cirp.2016.04.017|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||1.1 Articolo in rivista|


I am a bit puzzled by the sequence of events that are observed when a set of nodes are added or removed. It appears that if a parent node and a child node are added, they are in inverse sequence (child first, parent second). In my case, I have an event listener registered on a workspace, waiting for nodes to be added or removed. If a node is added, it transforms it and adds it in another workspace. If it is removed, it just removes from the destination workspace. The problem is that when a set of nodes is added, say for instance a nt:file/nt:resource pair, the nt:resource event come first, and the event listener cannot really add it to the destination workspace yet as the parent doesn't exists ( a PathNotFound exception is thrown). The workaround has been to copy all the add events in a LinkedList (and the remove in another) before starting looping, and to execute the "add" linked list in reverse order. Of course, using Workspace.clone is not an option because nodes need to be transformed before being added. I did not see anything in the current specs (and I did not have a chance yet to review JSR-283), but is there a reason for this inversion of order? Thanks. Alessandro.


What is Form Builder? BACK | 1 2 3 4 5 6 | NEXT | MAIN
Form Builder is a powerful development tool for building robust, enterprise-class applications that enable end users to retrieve, enter, modify, and save information in the database.
In this lesson, we'll discuss the anatomy of a simple application, and show you how to use Form Builder to create and manipulate its building blocks, or objects.


Question: How Long Can Meat Stay At 50 Degrees?
What is the 2 4 hour rule?
How long can milk last at 50 degrees?
Also, remember that after this milk is opened it should be treated like regular milk and kept cool at 40° F or cooler. It's important to remember that opened milk, regardless of the type, should never be left in temperatures above 40° F for more than two hours."
Is 50 degrees too warm for a refrigerator?
The temperature inside your refrigerator needs to be cold enough to inhibit bacterial growth, and warm enough so the food doesn't freeze. Refrigerators should be set to 40 degrees F (4 degrees C) or colder. A good temperature range for a refrigerator is between 34-38 degrees F (1-3 degrees C).
Will yogurt spoil at 50 degrees?
According to the US Department of Health & Human Services, you should throw out yogurt if it's been out at room temperature for more than two hours. If the temperature is higher than 90 degrees Fahrenheit, you only have one hour to eat that yogurt sitting out of the refrigerator.
Is 45 degrees a safe temperature for a refrigerator?
At what temperature does bacteria grow on food?
Temperature: Most bacteria will grow rapidly between 4°C and 60°C (40°F and 140°F). This is referred to as the danger zone (see the section below for more information on the danger zone).
Will eggs go bad at 50 degrees?
Once eggs have been refrigerated, it is important they stay cool, even during a power outage. … A cold egg left out at room temperature can sweat, facilitating the growth of bacteria. Eggs are required to be refrigerated at 45˚ or lower for safety and optimal freshness.
Will eggs spoil at 50 degrees?
Does reheating food kill bacteria?
Proper heating and reheating will kill foodborne bacteria. … This bacterium produces a toxin that can develop in cooked foods that sit out at room temperature for more than two hours.
Can meat be stored at 50 degrees?
Meat should be stored in the coldest part of the refrigerator. As storage temperatures approach 40°F perishability increases. Rapid growth of bacteria begins at about 50°F. Meat in-transit from the place of purchase, or left to thaw at room temperature, invites the growth of spoilage organisms.
How Long Can Chicken stay at 50 degrees?
Is yogurt safe at 50 degrees?
At what temperature will eggs spoil?
40°FThe presence of bacteria inside an egg is what eventually causes it to "go bad," or rot. However, keeping an egg at refrigerator temperatures (below 40°F, or 4°C) slows the growth of bacteria and helps prevent it from penetrating the shell ( 5, 6 ).
Is it OK to leave eggs unrefrigerated?
"A cold egg left out at room temperature can sweat, facilitating the movement of bacteria into the egg and increasing the growth of bacteria. Refrigerated eggs should not be left out more than two hours." Consumers themselves should not try to wash their eggs, the USDA warns.
Will cheese spoil at 60 degrees?
Don't let it sit out for more than four hours! There has been some extensive research done in Wisconsin that proves cheese can stay out for up to six hours at 70°F or colder. Some cheeses tested for low levels of listeria, salmonella, Escherichia, and staphylococcus but nothing life-threatening.
Can food spoil at 50 degrees?
How long will meat keep at 45 degrees?
How long can food sit at 50 degrees?
How warm can a refrigerator get before food goes bad?
40 °FBefore using any foods, check your refrigerator and freezer thermometers. If the fridge is still at or below 40 °F, or the food has been above 40 °F for only 2 hours or less, it should be safe to eat.