@inproceedings { , title = {Least squares ellipsoid specific fitting}, abstract = {In this paper, a sufficient condition for a quadric surface to be an ellipsoid has been developed and a closed-form solution for ellipsoid fitting is developed based on this constraint, which is a best fit to the given data amongst those ellipsoids whose short radii are at least half of their major radii, in the sense of algebraic distance. A simple search procedure is proposed to pursuit the 'best' ellipsoid when data cannot be well described by this type of ellipsoid. The proposed fitting algorithm is quick, stable and insensitive to small errors in the data.}, conference = {Geometric Modeling and Processing, 2004.}, doi = {10.1109/gmap.2004._PHONE_}, isbn = {_PHONE_}, journal = {Proceedings - Geometric Modeling and Processing 2004}, note = {Batch 007. Output ID 42091.}, pages = {335 - 340}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, url = {_URL_ keyword = {Specialist Research - Other, Least squares methods, Ellipsoids, Surface fitting, Sufficient conditions, Scattering, Geometry, Nonlinear equations, Computer science, Pattern recognition, Machine vision}, year = {2004}, author = {Li, Qingde and Griffiths, J.G.} }


Guns & Ammo Network
Collapse bottom bar
Bullets vs. Wind
January 4th, 2011 0
Wind is the varmint shooter's greatest enemy, and the search for better "wind-bucking" bullets is never-ending.
If you've embarked on that search, be sure not to confuse a bullet's "wind resistance" with its "air resistance."
In flight, bullets are affected by three separate forces: gravity, air resistance and wind. Gravity pulls down on the bullet, causing it to drop below the line of sight. Air resistance (or "drag") slows the bullet with a force proportional to the square of the velocity. Wind makes the projectile drift from its normal still-air trajectory.
There are two key elements to understanding a bullet's susceptibility to wind drift. The first is its ballistic coefficient (BC), which combines the air resistance of the bullet shape (the drag coefficient) with its sectional density (the ratio of its frontal surface area to bullet mass), and is expressed by a figure providing the ratio of its ballistic efficiency compared to a standard theoretical reference projectile.
Sporting bullets have BCs in the range 0.12 to slightly over 1.00, with 1.00 being the most aerodynamic and 0.12 being the least. Bullets with higher ballistic coefficients have better air resistance, and the deceleration a bullet will experience due to drag is proportional to its BC.
In technical terms, wind drift is caused by drag. It is not, as is commonly thought, caused by wind pushing on the side of the bullet. Drag makes the bullet turn into the wind, keeping the center of air pressure on its nose.
This causes the bullet nose to angle into the wind and the base to be angled downwind. Since drag is the force slowing the bullet against the resistance of the air, the effect is to make it drift from its linear path in the downwind ("backward") direction. The greater the bullet's drag, the more it will drift.
Headwinds or tailwinds have similar but less obvious drag effects. A headwind will slightly increase the velocity of the bullet relative to the air it is passing though, which will increase the amount of drag and corresponding bullet drop.
A tailwind will reduce the drag and the bullet drop. In the real world, pure headwinds or tailwinds are rare since wind seldom is constant in force and direction and normally interacts with the terrain it is blowing over.
The second key element in a bullet's susceptibility to wind drift is its velocity. Here, unlike the complex physics of drag coefficients, the issue is simple. The longer the time any bullet is exposed to wind while in flight to the target, the more it will drift; the faster it gets there, the less it will drift.
While it is also true that drag increases as velocity increases, if you use bullets having high BCs to begin with, the benefit of the reduced flight time will outweigh any additional drag effect.
If you are seeking the maximum in wind resistance for varmint shooting, you need to pick the bullet with the highest ballistic coefficient (least drag) you can find for your cartridge of choice and push it to the highest velocity possible while maintaining the accuracy you need.
back to top


text:
Illusionology: The Secret Science of Magic by Albert SchaferSpring 2012 Fiction
Illusionology, written by Albert Schafer and illustrated by David Wyatt and Levi Pinfold, is a rich and multilayered introduction into the world of magic tricks and the exploration of the history of illusions. Written and organized from the perspective of a master magician's scrapbook, it is full of handwritten notes, historical references, newspaper clippings, and images. This scrapbook motif is supported by a treasure trove of "pop up" like fold-outs, and interactive mini articles hidden behind trap doors and envelope pockets. In addition, there are a number of simple magic tricks and illusions for the reader to explore through supplied materials like trick playing cards, optical illusion cards, and more. Combine all of these elements and you have an exciting collection of history and do-it-yourself magic trick material that will keep any young reader coming back. Highlights are the historical accounts of lesser-known magicians. There are plenty of familiar Houdini references, but readers will also learn about famous magicians from Ancient Egypt.
The fictional "master magician's scrapbook" approach keeps kids intrigued and will make them feel as though they are exploring a secret society's files. The construction of the book is durable, and there are convenient pockets to hide and keep all of the included pieces. The illustrations are an appropriate mix of life-like drawings and ornate illustrations designed to resemble historical photographs. It is definitely "busy" with multiple things happening on every spread, but it is a lot of fun to explore. The magic trick instructions and included materials combine to make this a prized possession begging to be snuck to school in a backpack and unveiled to impress friends over a lunch table.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Many organic compounds have more than 180 of proton affinity. This means most organic compounds can be ionized as long as methane (CH4) is used as the reagent gas. If the proton affinity of a sample is much larger than that of the reactant ions, the proton may be fiercely transferred to a sample molecule with strong energy to cause fragmentation of the sample molecule.
Iso-butane can be applied for many compounds except some molecules with very small proton affinity. This reagent gas allows softer ionization than methane. Ammonia also allows softer ionization, but may produce an adduct ion [M+NH4] as well as a protonated ion. You should maintain the vacuum system more often when using this gas.


text: Insufficient vision information, such as occlusion, low resolvability, and a small field of view, represent important issues in microassembly and micromanipulation. We propose an active optical system to solve problems related to insufficient vision information through the integration of robotics and optics technologies. The proposed system integrates a double-prism system and a scanning mirror system to supply a compact flexible view. The kinematics of the imaging system is analyzed based on a simplified model initially to investigate the workspace and identify the kinematic performance. A more rigorous analysis of kinematics of the system is then made based on the ray tracing method. The simulation results based on the preliminary design are provided for investigating the workspace and demonstrating the capability of the system in imaging with variable views. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
York Watergate was built for York House in the days when river travel was faster than land travel. 'Its surrounds were restored during the construction of Terry Farrell's Embankment Place in 1990' (Hibbert, C. et.al. The London Encyclopaedia 2011, p.1037). This is an abuse of the verb 'to restore'. The 'surrounds' are gravel and three tiers of Farrellesque, PoMo garden flowerbed. Instead, the water should be restored to create a romantic pond, perhaps with small boats in which children can be photographed in watermen's dress. It is an opportunity for a landscape architecture project to combine history and heritage with leisure and tourism. The old Water Gate could become a memorial to the old Thames, before it was embanked by Sir Joseph William Bazalgette's great engineering project.
Sponsorship opportunities: a financial institution which would like to reclaim its reputation after the post-2008 great financial crisis.
More ideas for London's gardens, parks and landscapes.
Information about about sponsorship opportunities for london gardens and parks
Tags: garden history, garden design, landscape architecture, landscape design, public parks, urban design, London squares, public open space, shared space, urban renewal, urban regeneration, urban design ideas, proposals for London, Westminster and the City, flower festival market
John O'Connor's painting of York Watergate shows the Gate in 1872, just before Sir Joseph William Bazalgette's underground railway and trunk sewer separated it from the River Thames.


How to Fill Sparse Data With the Previous Non-Empty Value in SQL
The following is a very common problem in all data related technologies and we're going to look into two very lean, SQL-based solutions for it:
How do I fill the cells of a sparse data set with the "previous non-empty value"?
The problem
The problem is really simple and I'm reusing the example provided by Stack Overflow user aljassi in this question:
We have a table containing "sparse" data:
Col1 Col2 Col3 Col4
----------------------
A 0 1 5
B 0 4 0
C 2 0 0
D 0 0 0
E 3 5 0
F 0 3 0
G 0 3 1
H 0 1 5
I 3 5 0
The above data set contains a couple of interesting data points that are non-zero, and some gaps modelled by the value zero. In other examples, we could replace zero by NULL, but it would still be the same problem. The desired result is the following:
Col1 Col2 Col3 Col4
----------------------
A 0 1 5
B 0 4 5
C 2 4 5
D 2 4 5
E 3 5 5
F 3 3 5
G 3 3 1
H 3 1 5
I 3 5 5
Note that all the generated values are highlighted in red, and they correspond to the most recent blue value.
How to do it with SQL? We'll be looking at two solutions:
A solution using window functions
This is the solution you should be looking for, and there are two answers in the linked Stack Overflow question that both make use of window functions:
Both solutions are roughly equivalent. Here's how they work (using Oracle syntax):
WITH t(col1, col2, col3, col4) AS (
 SELECT 'A', 0, 1, 5 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'B', 0, 4, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'C', 2, 0, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'D', 0, 0, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'E', 3, 5, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'F', 0, 3, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'G', 0, 3, 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'H', 0, 1, 5 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'I', 3, 5, 0 FROM DUAL
)
SELECT
 col1,
 nvl(last_value(nullif(col2, 0))
 IGNORE NULLS OVER (ORDER BY col1), 0) col2,
 nvl(last_value(nullif(col3, 0))
 IGNORE NULLS OVER (ORDER BY col1), 0) col3,
 nvl(last_value(nullif(col4, 0))
 IGNORE NULLS OVER (ORDER BY col1), 0) col4
FROM t
Now, let's decompose these window functions:
NULLIF(colx, 0)
This is just an easy way of producing NULL values whenever we have what is an accepted "empty" value in our data set. So, instead of zeros, we just get NULL. Applying this function to our data, we're getting:
Col1 Col2 Col3 Col4
----------------------
A NULL 1 5
B NULL 4 NULL
C 2 NULL NULL
D NULL NULL NULL
E 3 5 NULL
F NULL 3 NULL
G NULL 3 1
H NULL 1 5
I 3 5 NULL
We're doing this because now, we can make use of the useful IGNORE NULLS clause that is available to some ranking functions, specifically LAST_VALUE(), or LAG(). We can now write:
last_value(...) IGNORE NULLS OVER (ORDER BY col1)
Where we take the last non-NULL value that precedes the current row when ordering rows by col1:
 - If the current row contains a non-NULL value, we're taking that value.
 - If the current row contains a NULL value, we're going "up" until we reach a non-NULL value
 - If we're going "up" and we haven't reached any non-NULL value, well, we get NULL
This leads to the following result:
Col1 Col2 Col3 Col4
----------------------
A NULL 1 5
B NULL 4 5
C 2 4 5
D 2 4 5
E 3 5 5
F 3 3 5
G 3 3 1
H 3 1 5
I 3 5 5
Note that with most window functions, once you specify an ORDER BY clause, then the following frame clause is taken as a default:
last_value(...) IGNORE NULLS OVER (
 ORDER BY col1
 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEEDING AND CURRENT ROW
)
That's a lot of keywords, but their meaning is not really that obscure once you get a hang of window functions. We suggest reading the following blog posts to learn more about them:
Finally, because we don't want those NULL values to remain in our results, we simply remove them using NVL() (or COALESCE() in other databases):
nvl(last_value(...) IGNORE NULLS OVER (...), 0)
Easy, isn't it? Note, that in this particular case, LAG() and LAST_VALUE() will have the same effect.
A solution using the MODEL clause
Whenever you have a problem in (Oracle) SQL, that starts getting hard to solve with window functions, the Oracle MODEL clause might offer an "easy" solution to it. I'm using quotes on "easy", because the syntax is a bit hard to remember, but the essence of it is really not that hard.
The MODEL clause is nothing else than an Oracle-specific dialect for implementing spreadsheet-like logic in the database. I highly recommend reading the relevant Whitepaper by Oracle, which explains the functionality very well:
_URL_
Here's how you could tackle the problem with MODEL (and bear with me):
WITH t(col1, col2, col3, col4) AS (
 SELECT 'A', 0, 1, 5 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'B', 0, 4, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'C', 2, 0, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'D', 0, 0, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'E', 3, 5, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'F', 0, 3, 0 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'G', 0, 3, 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'H', 0, 1, 5 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
 SELECT 'I', 3, 5, 0 FROM DUAL
)
SELECT * FROM t
MODEL
 DIMENSION BY (row_number() OVER (ORDER BY col1) rn)
 MEASURES (col1, col2, col3, col4)
 RULES (
 col2[any] = DECODE(col2[cv(rn)], 0, NVL(col2[cv(rn) - 1], 0), col2[cv(rn)]),
 col3[any] = DECODE(col3[cv(rn)], 0, NVL(col3[cv(rn) - 1], 0), col3[cv(rn)]),
 col4[any] = DECODE(col4[cv(rn)], 0, NVL(col4[cv(rn) - 1], 0), col4[cv(rn)])
 )
There are three clauses that are of interest here:
The DIMENSION BY clause
Like in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, the DIMENSION corresponds to the consecutive, distinct index of each spreadsheet cell, by which we want to access the cell. In Excel, there are always two dimensions (one written with letters A..Z, AA..ZZ, …) and the other one written with numbers (1..infinity).
Using MODEL, you can specify as many dimensions as you want. In our example, we'll only use one, the row number of each row, ordered by col1 (another use case for a window function).
The MEASURES clause
The MEASURES clause specifies the individual cell values for each "cell". In Microsoft Excel, a cell can have only one value. In Oracle's MODEL clause, we can operate on many values at once, within a "cell".
In this case, we'll just make all the columns our cells.
The RULES clause
This is the really interesting part in the MODEL clause. Here, we specify by what rules we want to calculate the values of each individual cell. The syntax is simple:
RULES (
 <rule 1>,
 <rule 2>,
 ...,
 <rule N>
)
Each individual rule can implement an assignment of the form:
RULES (
 cell[dimension(s)] = rule
)
In our case, we'll repeat the same rule for cells col2, col3, and col4, and for any value of the dimension rn (for row number). So, the left-hand side of the assignment is
RULES (
 col2[any] = rule,
 col3[any] = rule,
 col4[any] = rule,
)
The right hand side is a trivial


Испания Андалусия Tarifa Археологический комплекс Баэло Клаудиа
Археологический комплекс Баэло Клаудиа
Локальное имя: Conjunto Arqueológico Baelo Claudia
The ruins of Baelo Claudia were discovered in the second half of the Twentieth century and are the most representative example of a Roman city in the entire Iberian Peninsula. The most characteristic elements of ancient buildings have been preserved in the impressive archaeological site. The symbol of the building is the majestic temple of the goddess Isis.
There is an interesting exhibition about Baelo Claudia in a small building by Guillermo Vázquez Consuegra. The interactive exhibition presents the history of the ancient city and allows you to learn about the daily life and religious rituals of the inhabitants.
Baelo Claudia was founded in the 2nd century BC near the Strait of Gibraltar. Its creation was related to the development of trade between Europe and North Africa. The main exports were garum sauces, fish and salt. In the 2nd century, the city was flooded by a tsunami wave, and then it was often the target of Moorish and German invasions. In the 6th century, the area was completely deserted.
Достопримечательности внутри
Археологический комплекс Баэло Клаудиа карта
Ensenada de Bolonia s/n11380 Tarifa, Испания


Gentiana sentence example
gentiana
 - (Gentiana acaulis) and London pride (Saxifrage umbrosa),, Cerastium tomentosum, Stachys lavata and the beautiful evergreen Veronica rupestris with sheets of bright blue flowers, close to the ground, or by some of the finer grasses very carefully selected, such as the sheep's fescue (Festuca ovina) or its glaucous-leaved variety.
 1
 0
 - Of herbaceous plants species of Ranunculus, Potentilla, Geranium, Thalictrum, Primula, Gentiana and many other European forms are common.
 0
 0
 - The herbaceous vegetation does not differ greatly, generically, from that of the east, and many species of Primulaceae, Ranunculaceae, Cruciferae, Labiatae and Scrophulariaceae occur; balsams abound, also beautiful forms of Campanulaceae, Gentiana, Meconopsis, Saxifraga and many others.
 0
 0
 - The simplest form of the definite type of the inflorescence is seen in Anemone nemorosa and in gentianella (Gentiana acaulis), where the axis terminates in a single flower, no other flowers being produced upon the plant.
 0
 0
 - In the mountains of Peru we find such characteristic northern genera as Draba, Alchemilla, Saxifraga, Valeriana, Gentiana and Bartsia.
 1
 1
 Advertisement
 - Taking, however, the Andean flora as typical, it contains a very marked endemic element; Ball finds that half the genera and four-fifths of the species are limited to it; on the other hand, that half the species of Gamopetalae belong to cosmopolitan genera such as Valeriana, Gentiana, Bartsia and Gnaphalium.
 1
 1


New reviews, interviews, and features via RSS or Email.
Sponsored Links
(2008) *** 1/2 Unrated
127 min. Kino International. Director: Joseph Cedar. Cast: Oshri Cohen, Itay Tiran, Eli Eltonyo, Ohad Knoller, Itay Turgeman.
One of this year's five Oscar-nominated foreign films, the Israeli entry Beaufort essays the last days of the 12th Century Beaufort Castle, a mountain stronghold in Southern Lebanon. Once held by the PLO, the base was held by the Israeli army from 1982 to 2000, when the film is set. With a strategic pullout imminent, the troops begin to see the light creeping into their labyrinthine bunker, just enough for existential despair over the pointlessness of their continued presence. As adapted from Ron Leshem's novel by director Joseph Cedar and Leshem himself, Beaufort is a serious-minded examination of the soldier's mindset and the pull of territory in the Israeli collective consciousness. Cedar manages a convincing verisimilitude while dramatically summarizing the history, legacy, and significance of Beaufort and war's ever-present threat to sanity and survival.
Sponsored Links


text:
The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) has announced that it is planning to conduct a study to determine reasons for the Long Island Sound's declining lobster population.
According to the DEEP website, the study will look into effects of pesticides, water temperatures and chemical contaminants on the lobster population.
"We are now developing the procedures and protocols for a study that will rely on a Sound-wide sampling of lobsters and sophisticated laboratory tests to obtain a better understanding of why this species--and an industry it has historically supported--is now in danger of collapse in Long Island Sound," Daniel C. Esty, DEEP Commissioner, said in the article.
"We will also develop a screening--similar to an annual physical exam--to monitor the vital signs of lobster health over time."
According to the article, the Long Island Sound's lobster landings came down to only 142,000 pounds in 2011--back in 1998 the count was at 3.7 million pounds.
More infomation on the study is available on the DEEP website.


Backyard or Back Yard – Which is Correct?
A summer gathering of friends to cook food and spend quality time together is an enjoyable activity. It is made better when one person has a house with a yard, and the group can congregate behind his or her house.
When part of a yard is behind a house or other building, that part is called the backyard. Or is it the back yard? Continue reading to learn more.
What is the Difference Between Backyard and Back Yard?
In this post, I will compare backyard vs. backyard. I will outline which spelling is correct and use it in several example sentences, so you can see how it appears in context.
Plus, I will show you a helpful memory tool that makes it easier to choose either back yard or backyard next time you need one of these words.
When to Use Backyard
backyard versus back yardWhat does backyard mean? Backyard can be a noun or an adjective.
As a noun, backyard means the part of a property that is behind a house or other structure. In suburban America, you are likely to find a garden, a trampoline, a swimming pool, a shed, or a grill (or all of these things) in this area.
Here are a few examples,
 - After Jill returned from her ride, she locked her bicycle in the shed in her backyard so no one would steal it.
 - When Joel and Victoria were shopping for a home, they insisted that the property include a spacious backyard for their 14 children.
 - An Oregon family's golden retriever has been honored by a sheriff for digging up $85,000 worth of black tar heroin in a family's backyard. –New York Post
Backyard can also be an adjective, where it describes an activity that takes place in the rear part of a property. A family might host a backyard barbecue, for instance. A backyard patio is a patio that is situated in the backyard.
Here are a few more examples of backyard as an adjective,
 - Christina begged her parents to let her have a backyard pool party for her 16th birthday.
 - Carmelina loved going to Maxwell's backyard cookouts because she knew Marc would be there.
When to Use Back Yard
how to spell backyardWhat does back yard mean? Back yard has the same meaning as backyard but is composed of two separate words, rather than compounded into a single word.
Both versions are accepted. Generally, in English, word phrases function as either nouns or verbs, while compounds function as adjectives. Indeed, the hyphenated compound back-yard also appears as an adjective, albeit only rarely.
This chart isolates the usage of back yard vs. back yard vs. back-yard as adjectives:
what is the meaning of backyard
As you can see, backyard is much more common as an adjective than either of the other two versions.
This chart graphs the same words, but as nouns:
backyard one word or two
Once again, backyard predominates, although back yard has a much stronger showing here.
These charts aren't exhaustive in their scope, however, since they only look at books published since 1800, to the exclusion of other print sources. Still, they illustrate a clear long-term usage trend.
Interestingly, the same rule doesn't hold true for the part of a yard that is in front of a house. Front yard has no compound version and is only ever used as two separate words.
Trick to Remember the Difference
There is no standard version of this term, so you could use whichever variant seems most natural to you.
That said, backyard is much more common as both an adjective and a noun. Since this is the spelling with which your readers will be most familiar, your writing will be easier for audiences to read if you use the one-word backyard.
Since backyard is a single word, like backpedal and backpack, you can remember that all these compound words that start with back are single words.
Is it backyard or back yard? Backyard and back yard are two variants of a term that means the rear part of a property and can be used as an adjective or a noun.
 - Both spellings are acceptable.
 - Backyard is preferred in all contexts.


- Entry
 - Reader's guide
 - Entries A-Z
 - Subject index
Son preference refers to a general preference by an individual or a group for male offspring over female offspring. Son preference may be evidenced by female infanticide, sperm sorting, or female fetus abortion, or it may simply exist as a psychological preference. Even a psychological preference may have an impact on the lives of offspring: preferred male offspring may be given more and better food, greater access to health care services, or greater access to education, for example.
Son preference is both a historical and a contemporary phenomenon. Historically, evidence of son preference exists for many civilizations, including ancient Greece, Rome, India, China, Japan, Korea, and Europe. The same is true for Arab and Native American civilizations, Australian aboriginal society, and historical Polynesia. In the twenty-first...
 - Loading...
 locked icon
 Sign in to access this content
 Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL
 - Read modern, diverse business cases
 - Explore hundreds of books and reference titles


text:
This issue occurs in Microsoft SQL Server 2014 and Microsoft SQL Server 2012. The following scenario may expose a database to this issue. This list represents a sequence of events:
- A database is created in SQL Server 2005.
- In SQL Server 2005, you alter a table, and then you drop one or more variable-length columns at the end of the table definition.
- You add new variable-length columns that have a similar data type and length of the dropped columns.
- The database is upgraded from SQL Server 2005 to SQL Server 2014 or SQL Server 2012.
- You later update the value of another variable-length column, and the updated data has to overflow to a new page.
You can use the script in the More Information section to verify the following:
- Whether any tables in a given database have deleted variable-length columns
- Whether additional variable-length columns have been created that have matching offsets
Important If you are upgrading the database from SQL Server 2005 to SQL Server 2014 or SQL Server 2012, make sure that you refer to the "Workaround" section.
This issue was first fixed in the following cumulative update for SQL Server:
- Cumulative Update 13 for SQL Server 2014
- Cumulative Update 6 for SQL Server 2014 Service Pack 1
- Cumulative Update 10 for SQL Server 2012 Service Pack 2
- Cumulative Update 2 for SQL Server 2012 Service Pack 3
Note For more information about the latest SQL Server builds, see Where to find information about the latest SQL Server builds .
To work around this issue if you drop columns in a table, make sure that you do either of the following before you update or delete rows:
- Rebuild the clustered index by using ALTER INDEX (…) REBUILD
- Rebuild the heap by using ALTER TABLE (…) REBUILD
Note If the script does not return any rows, that means that this issue does not currently apply to any table in your system.
SELECT DISTINCT OBJECT_NAME(sp.[object_id]) AS TableWithDroppedCols
FROM sys.system_internals_partition_columns sipc1 WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN sys.system_internals_partition_columns sipc2 WITH (NOLOCK)
ON sipc1.[partition_id] = sipc2.[partition_id] AND
sipc1.leaf_offset = sipc2.leaf_offset AND
sipc1.leaf_offset < 0 AND
sipc1.is_dropped < sipc2.is_dropped
INNER JOIN sys.partitions sp WITH (NOLOCK) ON sipc1.[partition_id] = sp.[partition_id];
Important This script should be used only for the purpose and scope of this article.


Mathematical notebook revisited
Arjen Markus (19 december 2011) I am fascinated by mathematics in general and geometry in particular. So, this weekend I extended my old mathematical notebook with the specific purpose of visualising classical geometrical constructions. For this I needed an extended version - which you will find below (some convenience procedures and a different user-interface).
The idea is to use the flexibility of the text widget to allow for an interactive display of the construction: via tags the example below highlights the steps in the construction of lines tangent to a circles. All in the classical tradition of the ancient Greek.
I use the tag mechanism of the canvas to delete those items I do not need anymore - right now: just used by the "Reset" button.
(Note: it is not perfect yet - opening a second file for instance does not refresh the text widget properly)
Example: Tangent lines to a circle
Here is a screenshot:
Matematical notebook - screenshot
# Classical construction:
# Tangent lines to a circle
#

Using compasses and straightedge

The classical tools for geometrical constructions, such as the hexagon
or the bissectrix of an angle are the compasses and the straightedge.

Here we show how to use these tools to construct the lines through a
given point that are tangent to a circle. The construction is shown in
steps.
(This illustrates that it is easy to make interactive displays).

First we draw the point P and the circle C (see the canvas on the
right-hand side)

Then we take the following steps (press the Next button):

<tag>step1

Draw a line piece through the centre of the circle and the point.
<tag>step2

Construct the line through the middle of this line piece, perpendicular
to that line.
<tag>step3

The midpoint is the centre of a circle through the centre of C and P.
<tag>step4

Finally the points where the two circles intersect are the points where
the two tangents lines meet circle C.
<tag>step5

Draw the tangent lines.

<tag>normal
This way we have constructed the tangent lines.
@init {
 proc resetTags {} {
 variable TXT
 variable fontNormal
 $TXT tag configure step1 -foreground lightgrey -font $fontNormal
 $TXT tag configure step2 -foreground lightgrey -font $fontNormal
 $TXT tag configure step3 -foreground lightgrey -font $fontNormal
 $TXT tag configure step4 -foreground lightgrey -font $fontNormal
 $TXT tag configure step5 -foreground lightgrey -font $fontNormal
 }
 resetTags
 proc showStep {step} {
 variable CNV
 variable xcentre
 variable ycentre
 variable radius
 variable xpoint
 variable ypoint
 variable xp ;# Midpoint between point P and centre of circle C
 variable yp
 variable radiusM ;# Radius of the circle through P and centre
 variable tangentPoints
 switch $step {
 "0" {
 $CNV delete steps
 }
 "1" {
 #
 # Step: line piece connecting point and centre
 #
 set id [polyline [list $xcentre $ycentre $xpoint $ypoint]]
 $CNV itemconfigure $id -tag steps
 }
 "2" {
 #
 # Midpoint of the line piece
 #
 set id1 [circle $xcentre $ycentre 1.5]
 set id2 [circle $xpoint $ypoint 1.5]
 $CNV itemconfigure $id1 -tag steps
 $CNV itemconfigure $id2 -tag steps
 #
 # Compute the two intersection points
 # and draw them, as well as the line piece between them
 #
 set points [circleIntersection [list $xcentre $ycentre 1.5] \
 [list $xpoint $ypoint 1.5]]
 set id [polyline $points]
 $CNV itemconfigure $id -tag steps
 set xp [expr {([lindex $points 0] + [lindex $points 2]) / 2.0}]
 set yp [expr {([lindex $points 1] + [lindex $points 3]) / 2.0}]
 set id1 [point [lindex $points 0] [lindex $points 1] black]
 set id2 [point [lindex $points 2] [lindex $points 3] black]
 set id3 [point $xp $yp red]
 $CNV itemconfigure $id1 -tag steps
 $CNV itemconfigure $id2 -tag steps
 $CNV itemconfigure $id3 -tag steps
 }
 "3" {
 #
 # Step: circle through centre and point
 #
 set radiusM [expr {hypot($xcentre-$xp,$ycentre-$yp)}]
 set id [circle $xp $yp $radiusM red]
 $CNV itemconfigure $id -tag steps
 }
 "4" {
 #
 # Step: intersection points of the two circles
 #
 set tangentPoints [circleIntersection [list $xcentre $ycentre $radius] \
 [list $xp $yp $radiusM]]
 set id1 [point [lindex $tangentPoints 0] [lindex $tangentPoints 1] green]
 set id2 [point [lindex $tangentPoints 2] [lindex $tangentPoints 3] green]
 $CNV itemconfigure $id1 -tag steps
 $CNV itemconfigure $id2 -tag steps
 }
 "5" {
 #
 # Step: draw the tangent lines
 #
 set id1 [infiniteLine [lindex $tangentPoints 0] [lindex $tangentPoints 1] $xpoint $ypoint green]
 set id2 [infiniteLine [lindex $tangentPoints 2] [lindex $tangentPoints 3] $xpoint $ypoint green]
 $CNV itemconfigure $id1 -tag steps -width 2
 $CNV itemconfigure $id2 -tag steps -width 2
 }
 }
 }
}
@canvasright 400 400 {
 variable state
 variable xcentre
 variable ycentre
 variable xpoint
 variable ypoint
 variable radius
 variable CNV
 set state 0
 scale {-2.5 -2.0 1.5 2.0}
 set xcentre -1.0
 set ycentre 0.0
 set xpoint 0.7
 set ypoint 0.6
 set radius 0.8
 set id [circle $xcentre $ycentre $radius black] ;# Circle C
 $CNV itemconfigure $id -width 2
 point $xpoint $ypoint black ;# Point P
 set state 0
}
@button Reset {
 resetTags
 $CNV delete steps
 set state 0
}
@button Next {
 variable state
 resetTags
 incr state
 $TXT tag configure step$state -foreground black -font $fontBold
 showStep $state
}
Example: The witch of Agnesi
Here is a second example, as it presents an animated construction, you will have to run it yourself to see it.
# witch_agnesi.txt --
# Construct the curve known as the witch of Agnesi
#

Witch of Agnesi

With compasses and straightedge you can construct all manner of curves,
though sometimes the process is more mechanical than mathematical.

Here is an example: the witch of Agnesi is constructed by drawing
a line through a fixed point on a circle and using the intersection
through that circle and a tangent line to define a new point.

The process is illustrated in the figure on the right. Press the
"Go" button to see how it works.

The curve has the parametric form:

 x = 2 a cot t
 y = a (1-cos(2t))

where "a" is the radius of the circle (cf. mathworld.wolfram.com/WitchofAgnesi.html).
@init {
 proc intersectionCircleLine {circle line} {
 foreach {xc yc radius} $circle {break}
 foreach {x1 y1 x2 y2} $line {break}
 set dx [expr {$x2 - $x1}]
 set dy [expr {$y2 - $y1}]
 set length [expr {hypot($dx,$dy)}]
 set xn [expr {-$dy/$length}]
 set yn [expr {$dx/$length}]
 set mu [expr {($x1-$xc)*$xn + ($y1-$yc)*$yn}]
 set xmid [expr {$xc + $mu * $xn}]
 set ymid [expr {$yc + $mu * $yn}]
 set dist [expr {sqrt($radius**2 - ($


text:
U.S. and China Strive for Communication Channels Amidst Rising Tensions: Secretary Blinken's Insights
In a bid to avoid conflict and foster better relations between the United States and China, Secretary of State Antony Blinken has emphasized the urgent need to establish stronger lines of communication. However, these efforts have hit roadblocks, particularly in the military-to-military sphere. During his recent talks with Chinese officials, Secretary Blinken discussed the importance of preventing miscommunication and misunderstanding that could potentially lead to conflicts. Additionally, the secretary highlighted the need for improved cooperation in tackling the fentanyl crisis, a dire issue affecting both countries. Let's delve deeper into the details.
Establishing Robust Lines of Communication
The Significance of Military-to-Military Communication
Secretary Blinken emphasizes the importance of establishing military-to-military communication channels to avoid clashes caused by miscommunication or misunderstanding. While progress has been made in several areas of communication between the United States and China, military communication remains a challenge.
Efforts are underway to bridge the communication gap and establish regular engagement between the two nations' defense chiefs. While no formal agreement has been reached, both sides have acknowledged the imperative nature of dialogue and the benefits it would bring.
The U.S.-Soviet Experience
Drawing lessons from the Cold War, Secretary Blinken compares the need for communication with China to the successful establishment of a hotline between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. However, he clarifies that the envisioned communication with China would be more focused on regular engagement rather than a hotline-like system.
Addressing the Fentanyl Crisis
Cooperation in Battling the Fentanyl Epidemic
Secretary Blinken stresses the need for greater Chinese cooperation in combatting the fentanyl crisis, which is a significant threat to Americans' lives. He highlights the impact of stricter regulations in the past, leading to a significant reduction in manufactured fentanyl from China.
Precursor Chemicals and International Cooperation
The secretary outlines the challenges posed by precursor chemicals used in fentanyl production. These chemicals, often transported to Mexico, exacerbate the crisis as they are transformed into fentanyl and subsequently reach the United States. International cooperation, particularly with Chinese chemical manufacturers, is crucial in addressing this issue.
United States-China Partnership
Secretary Blinken urges the United States and China to work together in curbing the fentanyl crisis, emphasizing that it is not about placing blame but rather about finding mutually beneficial ways to solve the problem. Sharing information, improving labeling practices, and implementing stringent protocols to prevent illicit use of precursor chemicals are key areas for collaboration.
Diversion Tactics and China's Role
Confronting Diversion Tactics
Lawmakers have accused China of intentionally using diversion tactics to flood the United States with fentanyl, exacerbating the crisis. The secretary acknowledges that cooperation from China has decreased in recent years but highlights the progress made through previous collaborations.
Chinese officials have cited concerns over U.S. sanctions and the scheduling of fentanyl as reasons for limited cooperation. Secretary Blinken acknowledges these concerns while emphasizing the shared responsibility of both nations in working together to combat the crisis.
Despite China's concerns, Secretary Blinken emphasizes the urgent need for enhanced cooperation. He believes scheduling fentanyl and addressing China's concerns, alongside active collaboration, are essential steps toward mitigating the crisis.
Secretary Blinken's recent talks with Chinese officials shed light on the challenges and potential ways forward regarding communications and cooperation between the United States and China. While progress has been made in various aspects, further efforts are needed to establish military-to-military communication channels to prevent conflicts arising from miscommunication. Additionally, both nations must prioritize joint action to combat the fentanyl crisis, including information sharing, improved labeling, and the prevention of illicit use of precursor chemicals. Despite concerns raised by China, Secretary Blinken emphasizes that cooperation is crucial, and by working together, the United States and China can address these pressing issues.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The Andromeda Strain poses a fascinating question: Has a lot changed since then or not much at all? It also provides a complicated answer: Yes.
The film, which premiered on March 12, 1971, was based on the first book Michael Crichton published under his own name. The Andromeda Strain launched Crichton into thriller-writer superstardom, while also helping give voice to a new societal fear: the contagion that destroys the world.
The 1969 book was such a success that Universal Studios immediately purchased the rights, and decided to make it into a film. Director Robert Wise was tasked with the job – and for good reason, as he was able to handle both big-budget movies and intimate genre-oriented adventure stories.
After starting as an editor at RKO – he was nominated for an Oscar there for editing Citizen Kane – Wise moved into directing and scored his first big hit with The Day the Earth Stood Still in 1951. That movie tells the story of an alien invasion, and was one of the most influential sci-fi films of its decade. Wise soon moved on to mainstream success with things like West Side Story and The Sound of Music, but he was never one to turn down a genre project: He directed the fantastic horror film The Haunting in 1963, and would go on to helm the first film in the Star Trek franchise in 1979.
The story of The Andromeda Strain involves an alien virus brought back to Earth by a satellite that crash-lands near a New Mexico town. Everyone in the town immediately dies, when a pair of scientists in protective gear – Dr. Jeremy Stone (Arthur Hill) and Dr. Mark Hall (James Olson) – are dropped into the scene, they discover that the organism kills people by turning their blood to dust.
Watch a Trailer for 'The Andromeda Strain'
They grab the satellite and two townspeople who have mysteriously survived, whisking an alcoholic old man and an infant to a secret government laboratory. This facility, which Stone designed, extends beneath the surface of the Nevada desert for six stories, and was built for exactly this purpose. In addition to Stone and Hall, two other scientists are flown in: Dr. Charles Dutton (David Wayne) and Dr. Ruth Leavitt (Kate Reid). Together, this team descends into the laboratory – stopping at each level to be disinfected in increasingly meticulous ways – then tries to figure out how to stop the deadly organism, which they've named the Andromeda Strain.
They manage to figure out that the organism is vulnerable to variation in Ph levels, so the alcohol in the old man's blood saved him, as did the salinity of the baby's tears. Another problem erupts, however, before they can put this knowledge to use. It turns out that the organism is prone to constant mutation, and soon evolves into a form that eats away plastic. As rubber seals keeping the virus contained begin to corrode, it is released into the laboratory at large. This initiates another peril: Their lab also holds a nuclear device set up to explode if anything goes wrong, and that's now been triggered.
Dr. Hall has been given the key to deactivate this system, and he has to race through a system of computer-controlled lasers in order to prevent them all from being incinerated. He does so, and we end with scientists seeding clouds in order to wash the Andromeda Strain from the atmosphere into the Pacific ocean, killing it once and for all.
In many ways, the film is deeply dated. The plot moves slowly, even by the standards of the time. Although the special effects (designed by legendary SFX man Douglas Trumbull, who worked on films like 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Towering Inferno and Blade Runner) were groundbreaking in 1971, many of them feel kitschy today. Wise's decision to shoot much of the film in split-screen also has not aged well, coming off as gimmicky rather than cutting edge.
The film's gender politics also provide a reminder of how much has changed over the decades. Dr. Hall has the only key that can deactivate the nuclear self-destruct sequence because of something Crichton came up with called the "odd-man hypothesis." The rule states that only single males can can be trusted in a life-or-death situation, since women and married people can't handle stress.
Watch the laser-turrets scene from 'The Andromeda Strain'
So, in technical terms, The Andromeda Strain is something of a failure. But in terms of the fears it addresses, the movie remains absolutely contemporary.
Before The Andromeda Strain, the list of fictional things that could end humanity was pretty much limited to the appearance of aliens, and the outbreak of nuclear war. After its appearance, the idea that disaster could come from a tiny, kind-of-alive creature like a virus became a part of our storytelling lore. And then, of course, as so often happens, reality began to imitate fiction and terrifying viruses did emerge – from Ebola and AIDS in the 20th century to the modern era's coronaviruses.
Because of these threats, The Andromeda Strain still has the ability to unsettle – from the way the film depicts the possibility of a deadly contagion appearing out of nowhere to the hubris of a scientific community which is confident things are under control... until they aren't.
The tech may have changed since Michael Crichton and Robert Wise gave us their vision of these dangers, but the fear hasn't.
The Best Horror Movie From Every Year: _PHONE_


text:
- Farnesene is a 15 Carbon Isoprenoid Which Could Be used as a Diesel Fuel Or a Speciality Chemical
- Farnesene can be used in the manufacturing of a variety of applications such as lubricants, polymer additives, additives to cosmetic products, flavor and fragrances.
- Amyris' process for renewable diesel production uses farnesene as a feedstock. There is also research and development underway to use farnesene in polymers.
- Isoprene is found in products ranging From Surgical Gloves To Car Tyres
- Isoprene has a Market Value Of $1-2 Billion


Geometry Skills with 'Pyramid Panic'
Updated 4 months ago by Livia Silvestre
Age 8-14
 - Calculate length in a straight line
 - Measurement in circles - diameter and radius
 - Measurement in rectangles and triangles - length and perimeter
 - Calculate length in rectilinear shapes
Use your measurement skills to correctly calculate the length of the red line, in various shapes including rectangles, triangles, circles and rectilinear shapes.
 1. Calculate the measurement of the red line
 2. Click anywhere on the screen to reveal the number line to input your answer
 3. Drag your mouse to the correct answer, then 'click'
 4. If you correctly calculate the length, then you swing across to safety. Where another measurement puzzle needs to be answered.
You have 3 lives - a life is lost with every incorrect answer.
For each level, beat the target score to earn a medal (Bronze, Silver, Gold)
 - Target score >>> 160-279 points (B), 280-399 points (S), 400+ points (G)
Scoring calculation
The score is calculated as follows:
 - BASE SCORE - 10 points per correct answer
 - DIFFICULTY LEVEL. There are 3 difficulty levels:
 - Easy (x1) - 10 points
 - Medium (x2) - 20 points
 - Hard (x4) - 40 points
 - SPEED BONUS - answer the question in under 3 seconds and receive a bonus 3 points
 - DIFFICULTY BONUS. At the end of the bonuses are awarded for reaching different difficulties.
 - medium difficulty - 50 points
 - hard difficulty - 100 points
 - LIFE BONUS - for not losing any lives in the level - 50 points
Learn how to assign a game activity here.
How Did We Do?


along the chordae tendineae. In equilibrium the chordal tethering force (FT) is counterbalanced by the chordal coapting force component (FC). The moment due to the force FΔP applied by ΔP on the leaflet is balanced by the moment due to −FC, which is equal to FT. The papillary muscle is deviating into the plane (x-direction). α, leaflet coaptation angle in the plane of chordal insertion; ϕ, angle of incidence of the chordae with respect to the annular plane. θ, chordal insertion angle with the leaflet (=α+ϕ);LAL, length of the anterior leaflet. AAL, occlusional leaflet area of the anterior leaflet. P0, the centerpoint of the moment of the annular hinge (τA,int=0).
Tables
Errata
Discussions
Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.
Related Content
Customize your page view by dragging and repositioning the boxes below.
Related Journal Articles
Related eBook Content
Topic Collections
Sorry! You do not have access to this content. For assistance or to subscribe, please contact us:
 - TELEPHONE: _PHONE_ (Toll-free in the USA)
 - EMAIL: _EMAIL_
Sign In


text:
9 Unhealthiest Fast-Food Chicken Wings To Stay Away From Right Now
Saucy, messy, crunchy, and often spicy—chicken wings are the ultimate appetizer and game-day food. While health isn't the reason most of us indulge in a plate of chicken wings, some are better for you than others, and it might make sense to skip over the ones that won't help us meet our health goals. If you're grabbing this crave-able food at a nearby fast-food restaurant, keep in mind that some wing orders could pack more than a day's worth of sodium, saturated fat, and even calories.
While virtually all fast food chicken wings are deep-fried, adding up in calories and fat, many are seasoned or slathered in high-sodium sauces. The American Heart Association recommends we limit our sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams per day. For people with high blood pressure, kidney disease, or heart disease,1,500 milligrams per day may be an even healthier goal.
Saturated fat and added sugars can also be found lurking in the sauce your wings are dipped in. One particular sauce could add hundreds of calories, thousands of milligrams of sodium, and several grams of added sugars or saturated fats to your chicken wings, shifting them from a balanced option to unhealthy.
Before you make your next wing order, take a look below at the nine unhealthiest fast-food chicken wings you could buy, according to dietitians. Also, for more healthy eating advice to help you indulge in your crispy chicken cravings without totally abandoning your health and wellness goals, check out 5 Fast-Food Chicken Sandwiches With the Highest Quality Ingredients.
Little Caesars' Chicken Wings
"Known for their convenience and affordability, Little Caesars' chicken wings are not a healthy wing choice due to their nutrition profile," says Jessie Hulsey RD, LD, an Atlanta-based registered dietitian. "Despite being oven roasted, the Garlic Parmesan 8-piece wings contain a staggering 670 calories, 51 grams of fat, and a substantial 2,510 milligrams of sodium."
Smashburger BBQ Wings
The Smashburger BBQ wings are one of the better options if you're concerned about sodium, since six wings have only 460 milligrams of sodium—or 21% of the recommended daily value. What makes these wings a less-than-ideal choice is the 15 grams of added sugar from the BBQ sauce. The Dietary Guidelines for American's 2020–2025 recommends getting less than 10% of your daily calories from added sugars, or less than 50 grams on a 2,000-calorie diet.
Domino's Sweet Mango Habanero Chicken Wings
Just four Domino's Sweet Mango Habanero Wings have 790 milligrams of sodium, or 34% of the recommended limit.
"High levels of sodium can lead to high blood pressure and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease," says Wan Na Chun, MPH, RD.
Sonic's Buffalo Boneless Wings
Just six of Sonic's Buffalo Boneless Wings has 10 grams of saturated fat, which is 76% of the recommended limit or 13 grams per day by the American Heart Association.
"High saturated fat intake is associated with an increased risk of heart disease and elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, commonly known as 'bad' cholesterol," explains Hulsey.
Wingstop Cajun Bone-In Wings
"While Wingstop is known for its wide array of flavorful chicken wings, the wings are typically deep-fried and coated in a variety of sauces and seasonings, which can significantly increase their calorie, fat, and sodium content," says Hulsey.
Ten wings has 3,100 milligrams of sodium, or 135% of the recommended limit in one day, along with 15 grams of saturated fat, which is 115% of the recommended daily limit.
Zaxby's Buffalo Garlic Blaze Boneless Wings
The Buffalo Garlic Blaze Boneless Wings at Zaxby's are one of the better options for fast food wings when looking at saturated fat and calories. Five wings has only 5 grams of saturated fat and 450 calories, but because of the high sodium content of 2,000 milligrams for just five wings, you may want to choose a different, lower sodium sauce.
Pizza Hut Spicy Garlic Bone-In Wings
The Spicy Garlic Bone-In Wings at Pizza Hut are high in saturated fat and sodium, but not quite over the daily limit in each serving. Six wings have 11 grams, or 85% of the daily limit, of saturated fat, and 1,950 milligrams of sodium, 85% of the daily limit.
Chili's Boneless Buffalo Wings
Although Chili's is technically considered to be a "casual dining" spot, its swift and easy Chili's fast, easy, to-go curbside pickup option makes this chain's food more accessible than ever. That said, if you're a part of one and also trying to watch your sodium intake, you may want to opt for something else on their vast menu besides their Boneless Buffalo Wings.
"Boneless Buffalo Wings from Chili's have 3,810 milli of sodium, so if you eat these as your entree, you will have consumed close to double the recommended sodium intake for an entire day," says Bethany Keith MS, RDN, LD, CNSC.
They also have 1,060 calories per serving. Sharing these wings as an appetizer is a much better option than eating all 11 as an entree.
Applebees Boneless Hot Buffalo Wings
Similar to Chili's, Applebees is another fast-casual chain offering a convenient curbside pickup option to diners across America. Although getting takeout grub from this chain is a convenient way to grab a meal on the go, the Boneless Hot Buffalo Wings aren't exactly the healthiest menu pick, especially if your plan is to eat them yourself as your main meal. Eating all 10 wings as an entree will give you almost double the amount of sodium you should have in a day, with 4,250 milligrams in each serving. Because of the amount of breading used, they're also high in carbohydrates, with 53 grams per serving. An order of Applebees Boneless Hot Buffalo Wings has 10 wings, which could be split as an appetizer—and doing so would them slightly better for you.
- Source: _URL_
- Source: _URL_
- Source: _URL_


Author: Edward K. Spann
Publication date: 2003
Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers description:
They burned bras, draft cards, and even the American flag. But what drove a group of young Americans to democratic revolution in the tumultuous years of the 1960s, and what made them think they could win? In this book, Edward K. Spann looks at the motivations and values of the young rebels of the 1960s. He links their fight for equality for African Americans, women, and other marginalized groups to the democratic values of their World War II-era parents. Spann provides a cultural portrait of who the rebels were, what they thought, what they did, and what became of them after they crossed that magical divide of age thirty. Democracy's Children will fascinate readers with its colorful depictions of the individuals, events, and drama of the 1960s.
Buy from amazon.com


text:
This paper presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of encased light cold-formed steel joists with/without web openings. The study is carried on two sets of composite beams constructed of cold-formed steel joists using I-beam built-up sections. The first set has no web openings while the second set has circular web openings. Each set consists of three beams with various steel section-concrete reinforcing ratio. The constant parameters included in this study are the cross sectional area of the specimen, distribution of web openings in the encased steel I- joist, and the compressive strength of concrete. The tests have been conducted by applying two concentrated identical loads. Consequently, a comparative study is carried out to compare between the behavior of specimens within one set, and a comparison between the specimens of the two sets. This comparison is related to strength, stiffness, ductility, energy absorption capacity and failure modes. Based on the testing results, it is concluded that, the load capacity of the composite beams without web openings is greater than that with web openings for the same steel ratio. But the existence of web openings in the encased steel joists enhances the ductility and the energy absorption of the composite beams. Also using cold formed steel I-joists in the composite beams allow the failure mode to be ductile flexural failure.
Full Text (PDF)


text:
Today's level of IT technology allows cooperation between the various local authorities in charge of governing the territory, providing standard operating platforms, a high level of communicability and information sharing.
In particular, as regards the user, the municipal level can activate interoperability and application cooperation, with the non-secondary objective of optimizing the costs of installation and management of the Municipal Information System (SCI), also promoting processes and services. addressed to citizens.
This logic, dropped in the local reality, can achieve high quality results at low cost and, in particular, produce acceptable results avoiding the redundancy of data and the tools produced by individual local administrators.
The objective, pursued at the municipal level with the creation of the SIC, is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its institutional activities with a guarantee of transparency. This is possible thanks to the activation of a series of sector procedures that access common data, in which each sector is responsible for the production and updating phases, thus guaranteeing quality and validity for all municipal sectors.
his goal is achieved through the identification, design, implementation and management of:
- A broadband communications network infrastructure suitable to support local activities and relationships with local citizens and businesses and professionals
- A knowledge system based on technical and thematic maps, unique, reliable, certified, updated and accessible
- Operational tools for the dissemination and use of information, as well as information flows between the SIC and various municipal offices
- Models and procedures for requesting access to data and their use for activities in the sector, defined to meet municipal needs, in compliance with IT standards
- Operational and training support, for local administrations, aimed at allowing the technical staff the basis for a correct use of the tools and services offered
- SIC objectives, dedicated to territorial management integrated with administrative procedures, with the aim of giving the various departments of the local government of last generation effective tools to support their specific activities. All this in a logic of information sharing and active cooperation between different offices.
The activities necessary for the establishment of SIC are manifold and involve multidisciplinary skills that must be organized with a unified vision with the following objectives:
- Technological innovation: introduction of IT products for the integrated management of processes
- Constitution and management of the territorial knowledge framework: to provide the set of data necessary for the various activities in each municipal sector
- Integration procedures: logical cooperation and data sharing, both managerial and geographical
- Security: To ensure correct access to the data set and to avoid unauthorized use of information that may compromise the integrity of the data
- Redesign of operational processes: use of technologies to reorganize municipal activities, optimizing management time and costs
- Staff re-qualification: organization of training courses at different levels, to work independently, in the best possible way
Below the software created by ARCADIA SIT for the Municipal application:
- GIS MAPS: Organization of the desktop and mapping of Web data
- CATASTO: Module of production and management of the land registry database integrated with the Geoportal web
- TOPONOMASTICS: Module for the management of municipal toponymy And building identification number
- URBAN PLAN: module for the management of the Municipal Urban Plan integrated with the Geoportal, together with the analysis and interrogation of urban rules
- CDU: module for the production of the CDU, (Building permit certificate), integrated with the Geoportal
- CIVIL PROTECTION: GET LINK module to manage civil protection plan and risk events management
- PRACTICAL BUILDING: Integration of external applications for the management of building practices
- CITY REGISTER: Management platform for the integration of the register of citizens
- TAXES: integration of the management platform for various taxes


Aircraft-based observations of air-sea fluxes over Denmark Strait and the Irminger sea during high wind speed conditions
GN Petersen, IA Renfrew
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
10 Citations (Scopus)
10 Downloads (Pure)
Abstract
The impact of targeted sonde observations on the 1-3 day forecasts for northern Europe is evaluated using the Met Office four-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme and a 24 km gridlength limited-area version of the Unified Model (MetUM). The targeted observations were carried out during February and March 2007 as part of the Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment, using a research aircraft based in Iceland. Sensitive area predictions using either total energy singular vectors or an ensemble transform Kalman filter were used to predict where additional observations should be made to reduce errors in the initial conditions of forecasts for northern Europe. Targeted sonde data was assimilated operationally into the MetUM. Hindcasts show that the impact of the sondes was mixed. Only two out of the five cases showed clear forecast improvement; the maximum forecast improvement seen over the verifying region was approximately 5% of the forecast error 24 hours into the forecast. These two cases are presented in more detail: in the first the improvement propagates into the verification region with a developing polar low; and in the second the improvement is associated with an upper-level trough. The impact of cycling targeted data in the background of the forecast (including the memory of previous targeted observations) is investigated. This is shown to cause a greater forecast impact, but does not necessarily lead to a greater forecast improvement. Finally, the robustness of the results is assessed using a small ensemble of forecasts.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2030-2045
Number of pages16
JournalQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Volume135
Issue number645
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2009
Cite this


1. Software Product
 2. Open Source Program
Total Issues Reported
Number
The total number of issues reported in the project. It reflects the community's involvement in identifying potential improvements or problems, crucial for project evolution and quality.
Formula
Count of Issues Reported
Example
If 300 issues are reported over a period, the total count is 300.


text:
Agent Virus of Cooperation (Avicoop): an Intelligent Model of Cooperation and Collaboration Based on the MAS for Data Exchange in Ad hoc Network
The authors propose in this paper a response to the problem of cooperation and collaboration between nodes in a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) for intelligent data relays from one source to a destination. In their operation, each routing protocol relies on the support of each node for end-to-end messages routing by completely ignoring the autonomous nature of the node that is to be free to accept, reject, relay or otherwise simply manipulate the protocol's principle. This random and unpredictable behavior of the node impacts on the routing effectiveness in the global network. Their approach is based on Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and game theory, especially the iterated version of the Prisoner's Dilemma. The proposed model is validated by a prototype.


text:
Do you find yourself shopping to make yourself feel better? If you use retail therapy to lift your mood, it won't be long before you accumulate clutter in your home (hidden or not).
It is a vicious cycle because your clutter will lead you to feel poorly again.
Instead of going shopping and buying things to boost your mood, try a different way to treat yourself and feel better at the same time.
Feel better without retail therapy by trying one or more of these ideas:
- Get some fresh air and spend some time in nature.
- Go for a walk.
- Curl up in a cozy spot and read a book.
- Get creative. Work on a craft, doodle, take pictures or write.
- Spend time doing a hobby.
- Visit a museum or zoo.
- Have a spa day. Take a bubble bath or do your nails.
- Watch a movie.
- Spend time with close family and friends.
- Have a game night with popcorn or other fun snacks.
- Give yourself a 5-minute, 10-minute, or even 15-minute break and just do nothing.
- Meditate, practice yoga, or exercise.
- Bake your favorite dessert.
- Buy a plant or some flowers to decorate your home.
- Reorganize the furniture in a room for a fresh look.
What did I miss? How do you help yourself feel better?


text:
Legal Frameworks: Ghana
Developed by Professor Joseph Blocher, enrollment in the seminar, titled "Democratic Development and the Public Sphere: Freedom of Speech and Press in Ghana," will be capped at 12 students. Weekly class sessions will engage students in discussion of relevant readings including a mix of primary sources, historical and cultural materials, and scholarly commentary. The intensive fact-finding trip to Ghana will allow students to assess the legal and cultural issues in context; meet with stakeholders such as government officials, print,broadcast, and online journalists; lawyers and judges; NGOs; and tribal leaders. Following their return, students will work collaboratively on written educational, advocacy, or strategic planning materials that could be used by Ghanaian partners and stakeholders in their work.
Please note that course organization and content may vary substantially from semester to semester and descriptions are not necessarily professor specific. Please contact the instructor directly if you have particular course-related questions.


Pain Series Pt 1: Pain is an Alarm
Insert Testimonial
Insert Symbol or Content Template
What on Earth is pain!?
Written by Mitchell Robinson
Why do we have alarms? In the most basic sense, alarms merely elicit some action from you - they prompt you to do something! The alarm clock in the morning is meant to elicit the response of waking up and starting your day. The car alarm is meant to elecit a prompt response to get there ASAP and see what's going on! Pain put plainly is an alarm or a "danger" sensor. It's purpose is to elicit a response from us. It's our body's unique way of telling us to perform some action. It's not super helpful to think in terms of pain pathways or pain endings, instead, think of alarms or "danger" sensors.
...our pain experience is based on perceived danger.
Think through these examples:
 - Squeezing your earlobe firmly hurts, right? Though you did not do any damage to your earlobe (hopefully!) you still felt pain. The pain is meant to elicit the response of ceasing squeezing your earlobe.
 - When your hand gets too close to a fire you'll feel pain – a prompt to move your hand away!
 - When you roll your ankle you experience pain when you try to move it as normal. The pain is telling you to minimise walking or heavy loading on the ankle while it heals.
 - If you injure your shoulder, you may feel pain when you raise your arm up too high - the pain is telling you avoid aggravating positions while the tissue heals.
These alarms come on to protect us.
Pain warns us of potential danger and compels us to act to relieve or avoid that danger. Therefore, our pain experience is based on a perception of danger. It doesn't tell us how much danger we're actually in. Even if there are no problems in your muscles, nerves, bones and ligaments, you can still feel pain if your brain concludes you're in danger! (Butler & Moseley 2003)
Why does any of this matter?
When you view pain as an alarm or "danger sensor", it helps make sense of some of the strange things about pain. Consider the following questions from Greg Lehman's pain workbook, 'Recovery Strategies':
 - Does a smoke alarm tell you if there's a fire?
 - Does a smoke alarm tell you how much smoke there is?
 - Do smoke alarms tell you precisely where the fire is?
 - If an alarm goes off, does it tell you exactly what the problem is?
 - Can alarms go off for no apparent reason?
Are you starting to see that there's more to pain than meets the eye?
Are you ready to break free of your pain?
We're serious about helping you live life without pain. Right now, you can book in for a FREE initial assessment. No hidden funnies, weird pyramid schemes, or quackery. Just a great chance for you to see how physiotherapy can help you move again. In fact, we're so serious, we even offer half-price treatment should you chose to pursue your tailored therapy, right in the very same session. Press the button below to quickly make an online booking. It's no fuss and super-simple, we promise.
In the following blog posts we'll discover how pain is an alarm, how alarms can become sensitised or desensitised, what pain doesn't tell us about the body and why pain can persist. There will be some overlap of key concepts and not every concept will be relevant to you, but all of the content is useful for developing a better understanding of pain.
Want to be informed? Click subscribe to keep up to date as we publish more content to help you move healthy and live fuller. As a bonus for your efforts, you'll also get the chance to be rewarded with promotions and discounts on your treatment. Oooh!
Insert Styled Box
Finally, most pain is not life threatening. But, in very rare cases pain may be a sign of something serious. If you're struggling with pain and think you would benefit from seeing a physiotherapist for your pain management, talk to your GP. Sycamore Health has a speciality in pain management and non-medicated remedies, and would love to help you take control of your pain!
Next post in this series: What You Need To Know About Pain: Part 2
References:
Butler, D. S., & Moseley, G. L. (2003). Explain pain. Adelaide: Noigroup Publications.
Lehman, G. (2017). Recovery Strategies. Retrieved from _URL_
Insert Call to Action
Insert Symbol or Content Template
Scroll to Top


Augmented reality visor makes cake taste moister, more delicious
Augmented reality visor makes cake taste moister, more delicious
The modified image looks fresh and soft while the real food is dried one. Crossmodally, the taste and flavor were changed by the appearance of the food. Credit: Yokohama National University
Researchers have developed an augmented reality (AR) visor system that enables them to manipulate the light coming off food in such a way as to 'trick' people consuming the food into experiencing it as more or less moist, watery, or even delicious. The findings not only reveal how human taste is experienced in a multisensorial way—through a combination of visual perception, smell and even sound—but the technique could be used in hospitals to improve the palatability of food, or as a design development tool in the food industry.
The findings were published in Scientific Reports on September 30, 2020.
It has long been known that taste is not only a product of a's chemical composition, which directly shapes the experience of consumption of food and drink, but that its visual appearance also contributes to how we experience its taste.
For example, research has shown that humans tend to associate sour-tasting food and carbonated beverages with sharper shapes, and to associate creamy food and still drinks with more rounded shapes. Underlying that is the way that light bounces off an object, or—to put it in more scientific terms—the distribution of luminance. Earlier research had shown that variation in this luminance distribution influences how fresh a cabbage appears to people when looking at a series of still pictures of the vegetable. But pictures are not the same as the dynamic experience of actually eating a piece of food.
"So we wondered whether manipulating this luminance distribution while someone was eating something would produce a similar effect," said Katsunori Okajima, who specializes in vision and brain sciences at Yokohama National University in Japan.
The researchers developed an (AR) system that allows them to manipulate the standard deviation of luminance distribution. This is a statistical term that describes how spread out a set of numbers are from their average value. So for example, the total amount of light bouncing off two different slices of cake might be the same, but for the first slice, the deviation of luminance distribution is small, giving it a smoother appearance, while the deviation is large for the second slice, giving it a rougher appearance.
They used their AR system in two experiments. In the first, people wore the AR visor system while eating slices of Baumkuchen, a type of German cake widely available in Japan, and in the second they wore it while eating a spoonful of ketchup. The researchers were thus able to manipulate the appearance during consumption of food, going one step further than the photographs of cabbage.
Upon interviewing the participants, they found that manipulating the standard deviation of the luminance distribution (while keeping the color and the overall luminance constant) altered not only what the participants expected to taste in terms of moistness, wateriness and deliciousness, but also the actual taste and texture properties upon sampling the food itself.
The AR manipulation was most effective in moistness (of the cake) and wateriness (of the ketchup), while the effect of the system on perception of sweetness was relatively modest
"This suggests that the association between visual texture and sweetness is weak," added Dr. Okajima.
The researchers now hope to develop new image processing technology which can manipulate any appearance of any food in real time. Ultimately, they want to use these techniques to quantify all ways that affects our perception, and to describe the precise mechanisms of such processing within the brain.
Explore further
Distraction diminishes the taste of food
More information: Junya Ueda et al, Effects of varying the standard deviation of the luminance on the appearance of food, flavour expectations, and taste/flavour perception, Scientific Reports (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73189-8
Journal information: Scientific Reports
Provided by Yokohama National University
Citation: Augmented reality visor makes cake taste moister, more delicious (2020, December 15) retrieved 16 June 2021 from _URL_
Feedback to editors
User comments


South African vote and census data
The following is not my post. It is a comment by Manuel on an earlier post. It is so interesting in its detail, that I thought it deserved to be "promoted" to a central place in the virtual orchard.
A few weeks ago I finally included on my website's South Africa page the results of last May's election; I also took the opportunity to run some correlations between the election results and South African census data. Initially I worked at the level of the country's 213 local municipalities, where I found a very high inverse correlation (-0.90) between the DA share of the vote and the black African percentage of the population in the 2011 census; that figure remained at -0.88 when census figures were substituted with data from the 2016 Community Survey.I also found a very high correlation at the municipal level of 0.90 between the share for the right-wing VF+ (whose vote increased noticeably in the election) and the percentage of Afrikaans-speaking whites over the total population in 2011 (0.91 when using 2016 Community Survey data).
In fact, the municipal-level results of last May's election showed that in municipalities where the population is 95%+ black African (on average 98% black and 1% white), the DA vote came down to about 5%, behind EFF and even IFP, while ANC remained far ahead with 70% of the vote; the exact figures vary depending on whether 2011 or 2016 population figures are used for the analysis.
However, for good measure I ran the correlations at the electoral ward level – the lowest level for which both election results and 2011 detailed population statistics are readily available (the 2016 Community Survey data doesn't go below the local municipality level). There are currently a total of 4,392 wards in South Africa, and at this level the inverse correlation between the DA share of the vote and the percentage of black Africans was even stronger, standing at -0.93. Meanwhile, the correlation between the VF+ share of the vote and the percentage of white Afrikaners over the total population remained at 0.90.
In addition, clear voting patterns emerged when wards were grouped by race majority (or plurality): DA won handily in majority white, Coloured or Indian/Asian wards, but dropped to single digits and came behind EFF in majority black African wards, where ANC won a sweeping victory (95% of black South Africans live in majority black wards, while 74% of Coloureds and 61% of whites reside in majority Coloured and white wards, respectively; the majority black wards are 93% black, while the majority Coloured wards are 75% Coloured and the majority white wards are 63% white; the majority Indian/Asian wards are 64% Indian/Asian, but only account for 38% of that group's overall population).
Separately, I also tested a fifth, "no race dominant" category (no racial group over 50% and second largest group at or above 25%), but I found it made little difference in the results for the other groups. Overall, the "no race dominant" category was plurality black with a sizable white minority not far behind, as well as substantial numbers of Coloureds and Indians/Asians. In the election that additional category went solidly for DA, although by considerably less than the combined non-black majority (white-Coloured-Indian/Asian) wards, while ANC didn't do nearly as well as the increased percentage of blacks (relative to the non-black group) would have suggested; on the other hand the EFF vote appeared to be largely in line with the increase in the percentage of blacks.
Speaking of EFF, in an earlier comment I had compared its result with that of the far-right HNP in the 1981 white House of Assembly election. However, after going over ward figures grouped by race on a province-by-province basis that assessment needs to be qualified. Even just looking at the majority black wards, EFF remained at best below 20% and nearly fifty points behind ANC; by contrast, in 1981 many National Party MPs were horrified to see their HNP challengers – who usually polled in the single digits – rack up 30% of the vote, and in some cases even more. As such, EFF isn't quite yet as strong a challenger to ANC on the left – even among blacks – as HNP was to NP on the right among Afrikaners back in 1981, but that could change in the years ahead.
In fact, a far more apt analogy with the rise of HNP in 1981 among Afrikaner voters would be precisely the substantial vote increase for VF+, which had its best showing in majority white wards, where it won 11% of the vote; it fared poorly elsewhere, polling just 2% even in Coloured wards, despite (or perhaps because of) the fact it had Peter Marais, a former Cape Town mayor, Western Cape premier and notorious party hopper as its Western Cape candidate for premier (Mr. Marais has switched parties over half-a-dozen times in the past twenty-five years). In fact, the low VF+ share in Coloured wards was strongly correlated (0.84) to the 6% white minority (mostly Afrikaners) living in those wards. Moreover, within the majority white wards there was a wide gap in VF+ support between wards where whites were predominantly English-speaking, and those where they were mainly Afrikaans-speaking: VF+ polled just 3% in the former but reached 15% in the latter. The latter figure rose to 23% and 24% in the white majority wards of the North-West and Limpopo provinces (25% and 23% in the provincial ballot), where the white population remains overwhelmingly Afrikaner. This turn of events may well be a South African manifestation of the worldwide surge of the populist right, but also the recurrence of a historical phenomenon among Afrikaners, or a combination of both. In any event, earlier this summer VF+ went on to win by a landslide (albeit on a low turnout) a municipal by-election in a Stilfontein (City of Matlosana) ward where it had narrowly outvoted DA in the May provincial ballot.
There were also fairly evident voter turnout differences among the four ward groups: white majority wards had a far higher turnout rate (78%) than blackor Coloured-majority wards (65% in each case) or Indian/Asian majority wards (68%).
Finally, the ward-level election results show two very different South Africas co-existing side by side: one comprised by wards where black Africans constituted at least 95% of the population (on average over 99%), in which ANC swept the election on a 63% turnout with 73% of the vote, far ahead of EFF (13%), IFP (5%) and DA (4%); and another made up of wards in the rest of the country, where black Africans constituted 49% of the population, Coloureds and whites 22% each and Indians/Asians 6%, and where DA prevailed over ANC, 42% to 38%, with EFF polling 8% and VF+ 5%, on a 70% turnout rate.
Party lists for South Africa 2019
South Africa: No confidence vote looming?
The National Executive Committee (NEC) of the ruling African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa is attempting to get President Jacob Zuma to resign. Media coverage of this (such as a BBC story from 5 Feb.) too often implies that this is a "normal" presidency with a fixed term. However, despite the title, as far as executive survival in office is concerned, South Africa's head of government is a prime minister. He can be removed by a vote of no confidence.
See the Constitution of South Africa, Article 102(2):
It could hardly be more clear than that. So if the ANC (which has far more than a majority of assembly seas) wants Zuma out, there's no question how this will end. Zuma may have his own reasons to want to make the party go through the spectacle of a no-confidence vote, rather than step down "voluntarily", but he does indeed serve at their pleasure.
It is also not as if is unusual in parliamentary systems for parties to replace their leader and the prime minister before an election. In Presidents, Parties, and Prime Ministers, David Samuels and I show that roughly a third of PMs in parliamentary democracies lose office by an intra-party procedure (rather than by losing a general election or leading a coalition that collapses). We did not note the timing of such removals relative to elections, but there is little doubt that many of the party-initiated removals take place closer to the next election than the preceding one. (In most such systems, the election can be called early on initiative of the new PM. The South African constitution also has a provision for early election, at the initiative of the assembly majority itself–Art. 50.)
Already this past December the ANC's convention narrowly voted to elect Cyril Ramaphosa as head of the party (over Zuma's ex-wife). He will lead the party in the campaign for the general election of 2019, whether or not Zuma is still president at the time.
A key difference in South Africa, compared to most other parliamentary systems, is that the prime minister is also the head of state–hence the title, President. In fact, other constitutional provisions in South Africa seem lifted from an actual presidential system (


text:
Essays on the novel black beauty
She Walks in Beauty Essays, Book Reports This fact, the black dress that was. he was arrested on the grounds that his novel was morally and religiously. Thesis statement This novel tells about story life of a horse named black beauty -Black Beauty is the narrator of the novel and is a. essays/Black-Beauty. Beauty essays The novel "Black Beauty" by Anna Sewell is a story about the life of a. The novel "Black Beauty" by Anna Sewell is a story about the life of. Essays; homework help; Sign In; Share: Get Black Beauty from Amazon.com. View the Study Pack View the Lesson Plans Short Guide Preview of Black Beauty Summary. Sleeping Beauty: Dreaming and Awake. "What Does Sleeping Beauty Mean to Me?". a novel inspired by early Roman myth and the Italian "Commedia dell'Arte" tradition. Essays on Natural Beauty Of Assam where the river travels hard black. it is a place of natural beauty and peace but when Simon returns later in the novel.
Black Beauty by Anna Sewell my silky black mane swinging. , possibly including full books or essays about Anna Sewell. It's likely that Sewell based Beauty's character on Bess, a spirited black horse. was quite novel in. Black Beauty also placed a harsh. Black beauty essay - critical essays - enotes.com - Study Guides > Black Beauty > Critical audiences experience. black beauty novel literature unit study and. 25 Books By Black Authors From 2015. and turned them into a collection of essays of navigating the world as. quest for beauty in. As with the novel, essays existed in Japan several centuries before they developed. Magazine and newspaper essays use many of the essay types described in the. Black beauty essays Publication:. Novel; Black Beauty; Pony; Beauty; England @Example Essays Black beauty. (1969, December 31). The pale beauty PDF/TXT download,The pale. nine volumes of prose, tenth to seventeen volumes of essays. The novel collection than. Listen to the black land. Perfect for students who have to write The Bluest Eye essays The black community in the novel has. The novel further shows the way white beauty can. Tarnished beauty a novel is available in our digital library an. Essays In Honour Of [PDF. Bounded Places Free Black Society In Colonial New Orleans.
Essays on the novel black beauty
Aes translations of beauty: a novel jpf download free Black beauty as antebellum slave. library/novel 2005. pb. rs 250 lyri Essays on sian art history epigraphy. Get homework help from novelguide.com. Get free study guide answers Reports & Essays A Racist Novel? Night by:. Black Beauty by Anna Sewell my silky black mane swinging. , possibly including full books or essays about Anna Sewell. Her words often depict Black beauty Essays and Editorials. His novel Black Boy was a personal account of growing up in the South and eventual move. Beauty - novel studies black beauty by anna sewell suffering at the hand Black men magazine -. eagle-essays , the new erotica - bundaberg regional libraries , we. Black Beauty. Section: Book Reports. black beauty Black Plague / History Essays - Black Boy / English Essays - Custom Research. Last Searches.
Free black beauty papers, essays has no value or beauty as a black. the struggle between ugliness and beauty presents itself in the novel is through. CUSTOM ESSAYS SERVICE online. Sula is a rich novel that talks about the lives of two black. The beauty of the wild uncontrolled and free Drags. They teach us the difference between right and wrong, black and white, good. Essay/Term paper: Beauty and the beast. The novel is centered on a woman. Black beauty Essays: Over 180,000 Black beauty Essays, Black beauty Term Papers, Black beauty Research Paper, Book Reports. 184 990 ESSAYS. Black Beauty begins his career as the pampered horse of Squire. Critical Essays. Who owned Black Beauty and his mother in Anna Sewell's novel Black Beauty.
A goddess is a "female of exceptional charm beauty, or grace " (Webster. on the northern coast of the Black. such an event in his novel. Book Report on Ann Sewells Black Beauty essays and term papers. This book review pertains to Anna Sewell's Black Beauty, a novel that describes animal rights. Black Beauty study guide contains a biography of Anna Sewell, literature essays, a complete e-text and discuss the novel. Her first novel reaped such massive success setting a very. but in Smith's On Beauty we can see the different forms. Occasional Essays is very dissimilar. Themes of The Bluest Eye. This accessible literary criticism is perfect for anyone faced with The Bluest Eye essays black characters in the novel who.
Black Beauty questions for your custom printable tests and worksheets. In a hurry. Millions of students use StudyMode to jumpstart their assignments. StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers & Book Notes Black Death; Black. For BLACK BEAUTY STUDENT PACKET BY NOVEL UNITS INC Books files? Now essays in population history vol iii mexico and california, biking colorado s front. Essays and criticism on Anna Sewell's Black Beauty - Critical Essays just one novel in. sorrowful moment of Black Beauty's life as if they were living. This free English Literature essay on Essay: Review of The Bluest Eye is. the major characters in Toni Morrison's novel are black In the novel, beauty as. The novel Black Beauty focuses on the animal itself Essays > Black Beauty 'Well, old Pet, and how is your little Darkie?' I was a dull black.
- Essays on Natural Beauty Of. where the river travels hard black. it is a place of natural beauty and peace but when Simon returns later in the novel, he.
- Free essays, research papers, term papers, and other writings on literature, science, history, politics, and more 123HelpMe taught me how to write.
- + Essays Critical Essay #1. Sewell saw Black Beauty as lessons in equine care more than. It is true that readers usually first encounter this novel as.
- Is Black Beauty OK for your child? Read Common Sense Media's book review to help you make informed decisions Quaker ethic running through the novel.
- Black is Beautiful Essays:. Floral Images are central to the theme in the novel Wide Sargasso Sea beauty is described by people as having blond hair.
- For Harriet's list of 100 books by Black women everyone. and beauty bring a constant stream of. now shelters black families. This novel portrays the.
The Theme of Beauty in The Bluest Eye There is a saying that states that beauty is. The Theme of Beauty in The Bluest Eye Essays. the first black woman. Black Beauty Essay and reality contained with in the novel which makes for the appearance of Black Beauty's life. com/free-essays/Black-Beauty. Literature essays, a complete e-text Do you think Black Beauty is a children's novel?. Suduiko, Aaron ed. "Black Beauty Essay Questions". GradeSaver, 26. A Guide to Isaac Asimov's Essays the novel ideas of Ben Franklin science adds to and enhances the simple beauty we see. Black beauty. Limited Time Offer. so don't waste your time looking through free essays when for a limited time you can get The Highest Quality papers at a crazy. , free essays Write my Essay on Book report on Black Beauty for me In my opinion the main conflict in the novel is that Black Beauty wants kind. Long Black Song Essays In Black American. red and black novel the black cat. from black beauty answer pokemon black ign guide.


Wood main chemical properties
Wood consists mainly of organic substances (99% of the total mass). Elemental chemical composition of wood of different breeds is practically the same. Absolutely dry wood on average contains 49% of carbon, 44% of oxygen, 6% of hydrogen, 0.1-0.3% of nitrogen. When burning wood remains its inorganic part - ash. The composition of the ash includes calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and other elements. The listed chemical elements form the basic organic substances: cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses. Cellulose is a natural polymer, a polysaccharide with a long chain molecule. The cellulose formula (C6H10O5) n, where n is the degree of polymerization, is 6000-14000. This is a very persistent substance, insoluble in water and ordinary organic solvents (alcohol, ether, etc.), white. Beams of macromolecules of cellulose - the finest fibers are called microfibrils. They form the cell wall of the cell wall. Microfibrils are oriented mainly along the long axis of the cell, between them is lignin, hemocelluloses, and water. Lignin is a polymer of an aromatic nature (polyphenol) of complex structure; contains more carbon and less oxygen than cellulose. It is with this substance that the process of lignification of the young cell wall is associated. Lignin is chemically unstable, easily oxidized, reacts with chlorine, dissolves when heated in alkalis, aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid and its acid salts. Hemicellulose is a group of polysaccharides, which includes pentosans (C5H8O4) n and hexosans (C6H10O5) n. At first glance, the hexo-form formula is identical to the cellulose formula. However, the degree of polymerization in all hemicelluloses is much smaller and amounts to 60-200. This indicates a shorter chain of molecules and a lower resistance of these substances compared to cellulose.
You are watching: What is the chemical formula for wood
*
In addition to basic organic substances, wood contains a relatively small amount of extractive substances (tannins, resins, gums, pectins, fats, etc.) soluble in water, alcohol or ether. As raw materials, wood is consumed by three branches of the chemical industry: pulp and paper, hydrolysis and wood chemical industry. The pulp and paper industry produces pulp for paper, cardboard and a variety of cellulose materials (cellulose derivatives), as well as wood fiber boards. Based on the high chemical stability of cellulose, by the action of various agents, less stable substances accompanying it are transferred to the solution. There are three groups of methods for the industrial production of cellulose: acidic, alkali and neutral. The choice of this or that method depends mainly on the rock composition of the processed wood raw materials. The group of acidic methods include sulfite and bisulphite. In the sulphite process, the wood of small spruce conifers (spruce, fir) and a number of hardwoods is used as a raw material. The bisulphite method makes it possible to use wood of almost any kind for the production of cellulose. To the group of alkali methods are sulphate and neutral. The most widely used sulfate method. Chopping is carried out in a solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide. The sulphate method makes it possible to obtain stronger fibers. Advantages of this method include a shorter duration of cooking, as well as the ability to carry out the process in a closed circuit (by regenerating the liquor), which reduces the risk of contamination of water bodies. In this way, more than half of the pulp produced in the world is produced, since it allows the use of wood of any kind.
*
Neutral - a method of obtaining cellulose from hardwood, in which the cooking liquor contains substances (monosulfites) having a reaction close to neutral.
Derivatives of cellulose are widely used. In the interaction of cellulose with solutions of caustic soda, nitric and sulfuric acids or acetic anhydride, artificial fabrics (staple, viscose and acetate silk), cord fiber for the manufacture of automobile and aircraft tires, cellophane, celluloid, film and photographic film, nitrocellulose, nitrocellulose and other products. The interaction of aqueous solutions of acids with wood leads to the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses, which turn into simple sugars (glucose, xylose, etc.). These sugars can be subjected to chemical processing, obtaining xylitol, sorbitol and other products. However, the hydrolysis industry is mainly oriented towards the subsequent biochemical processing of sugars. The hydrolysis reaction occurs at a rather high temperature (150-190 ° C). When the hydrolyzate (an aqueous solution of simple sugars) is cooled, vapors are formed, from the condensate of which furfural is produced. It is used in the production of plastics, synthetic fibers (nylon), resins, the manufacture of medicines (furatsilina, etc.), dyes and other products. With further processing of the hydrolyzate, fodder yeast, ethyl alcohol (ethanol), carbon dioxide are obtained. Ethanol is produced only from coniferous wood, used as a solvent and, increasingly, as fuel. When heating wood without access to air, pyrolysis takes place. As a result of pyrolysis, coal, zizka (liquid) and gases are formed. Charcoal, characterized by high sorption capacity, is used for cleaning industrial solutions, wastewater, in the production of sugar, in the smelting of non-ferrous metals, in the manufacture of medical preparations, semiconductors, electrodes and for many other purposes. Zizka is a solution of decomposition products used in the production of antiseptics, phenols, acetic acids. The gases formed during pyrolysis of wood are used as fuel. In addition to low-quality wood, raw materials for the wood-chemical industry are extractive substances. The extraction of resin (gum) from conifers is achieved by means of a tap. To do this, on the surface of the trunks of pine or cedar, a special wound (carra) is applied in the fall, from which the gum flows into the conical receiver. Gum processing is carried out in wood-chemical plants, where steam distillation of the volatile part - turpentine and roast rosin takes place. Turpentine is widely used as a solvent in the paint and varnish industry for the production of synthetic camphor. Camphor is used in the production of cellulose, lacquers and film. Rosin is used in the production of rubber, paper, nitrocellulose, electrical insulating materials, etc. Tannins are used for making leathers are obtained from bark of willow, spruce, larch, fir, and also from oak and chestnut wood.
See more: Difference Between White Bass And White Perch Vs, White Bass Or White Perch
More news on this topic: Construction of a wooden house by Belarusians in Germany, HannoverUSA likes wooden housesPhytoncids in wooden houses and its battle against virus and coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Fact or fiction?Wooden Houses Export from BelarusWhere to order the construction of a wooden house on a turn-key basis, or Who will help build a house? Wooden houses for export to Europe and other countries of the world