= 200;
 int ret;

 // calling a function to get max value.
 ret = max(a, b);
 cout << "Max value is : " << ret << endl;

 return 0;
}

// function returning the max between two numbers
int max(int num1, int num2) {
 // local variable declaration
 int result;

 if (num1 > num2)
 result = num1;
 else
 result = num2;

 return result;
}
I kept max() function along with main() function and compiled the source code. While running final executable, it would produce the following result −
Max value is : 200
Function Arguments
If a function is to use arguments, it must declare variables that accept the values of the arguments. These variables are called the formal parameters of the function.
The formal parameters behave like other local variables inside the function and are created upon entry into the function and destroyed upon exit.
While calling a function, there are two ways that arguments can be passed to a function −
Sr.No Call Type & Description
1 Call by Value
This method copies the actual value of an argument into the formal parameter of the function. In this case, changes made to the parameter inside the function have no effect on the argument.
2 Call by Pointer
This method copies the address of an argument into the formal parameter. Inside the function, the address is used to access the actual argument used in the call. This means that changes made to the parameter affect the argument.
3 Call by Reference
This method copies the reference of an argument into the formal parameter. Inside the function, the reference is used to access the actual argument used in the call. This means that changes made to the parameter affect the argument.
By default, C++ uses call by value to pass arguments. In general, this means that code within a function cannot alter the arguments used to call the function and above mentioned example while calling max() function used the same method.
Default Values for Parameters
When you define a function, you can specify a default value for each of the last parameters. This value will be used if the corresponding argument is left blank when calling to the function.
This is done by using the assignment operator and assigning values for the arguments in the function definition. If a value for that parameter is not passed when the function is called, the default given value is used, but if a value is specified, this default value is ignored and the passed value is used instead. Consider the following example −
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int sum(int a, int b = 20) {
 int result;
 result = a + b;

 return (result);
}
int main () {
 // local variable declaration:
 int a = 100;
 int b = 200;
 int result;

 // calling a function to add the values.
 result = sum(a, b);
 cout << "Total value is :" << result << endl;
 // calling a function again as follows.
 result = sum(a);
 cout << "Total value is :" << result << endl;

 return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Total value is :300
Total value is :120
Numbers in C++
Normally, when we work with Numbers, we use primitive data types such as int, short, long, float and double, etc. The number data types, their possible values and number ranges have been explained while discussing C++ Data Types.
Defining Numbers in C++
You have already defined numbers in various examples given in previous chapters. Here is another consolidated example to define various types of numbers in C++ −
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main () {
 // number definition:
 short s;
 int i;
 long l;
 float f;
 double d;

 // number assignments;
 s = 10;
 i = 1000;
 l = _PHONE_;
 f = 230.47;
 d = 30949.374;

 // number printing;
 cout << "short s :" << s << endl;
 cout << "int i :" << i << endl;
 cout << "long l :" << l << endl;
 cout << "float f :" << f << endl;
 cout << "double d :" << d << endl;

 return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
short s :10
int i :1000
long l :_PHONE_
float f :230.47
double d :30949.4
Math Operations in C++
In addition to the various functions you can create, C++ also includes some useful functions you can use. These functions are available in standard C and C++ libraries and called built-in functions. These are functions that can be included in your program and then use.
C++ has a rich set of mathematical operations, which can be performed on various numbers. Following table lists down some useful built-in mathematical functions available in C++.
To utilize these functions you need to include the math header file <cmath>.
Sr.No Function & Purpose
1
double cos(double);
This function takes an angle (as a double) and returns the cosine.
2
double sin(double);
This function takes an angle (as a double) and returns the sine.
3
double tan(double);
This function takes an angle (as a double) and returns the tangent.
4
double log(double);
This function takes a number and returns the natural log of that number.
5
double pow(double, double);
The first is a number you wish to raise and the second is the power you wish to raise it t
6
double hypot(double, double);
If you pass this function the length of two sides of a right triangle, it will return you the length of the hypotenuse.
7
double sqrt(double);
You pass this function a number and it gives you the square root.
8
int abs(int);
This function returns the absolute value of an integer that is passed to it.
9
double fabs(double);
This function returns the absolute value of any decimal number passed to it.
10
double floor(double);
Finds the integer which is less than or equal to the argument passed to it.
Following is a simple example to show few of the mathematical operations −
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main () {
 // number definition:
 short s = 10;
 int i = -1000;
 long l = 100000;
 float f = 230.47;
 double d = 200.374;
 // mathematical operations;
 cout << "sin(d) :" << sin(d) << endl;
 cout << "abs(i) :" << abs(i) << endl;
 cout << "floor(d) :" << floor(d) << endl;
 cout << "sqrt(f) :" << sqrt(f) << endl;
 cout << "pow( d, 2) :" << pow(d, 2) << endl;

 return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
sign(d) :-0.634939
abs(i) :1000
floor(d) :200
sqrt(f) :15.1812
pow( d, 2 ) :40149.7
Random Numbers in C++
There are many cases where you will wish to generate a random number. There are actually two functions you will need to know about random number generation. The first is rand(), this function will only return a pseudo random number. The way to fix this is to first call the srand() function.
Following is a simple example to generate few random numbers. This example makes use of time() function to get the number of seconds on your system time, to randomly seed the rand() function −
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main () {
 int i,j;

 // set the seed
 srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) );
 /* generate 10 random numbers. */
 for( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) {
 // generate actual random number
 j = rand();
 cout <<" Random Number : " << j << endl;
 }
 return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Random Number : _PHONE_
Random Number : 630873888
Random Number : _PHONE_
Random Number : 219404170
Random Number : 902129458
Random Number : 920445370
Random Number : _PHONE_
Random Number : 257938873
Random Number : _PHONE_
Random Number : 580322989
C++ Arrays
C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type.
Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99, you declare one array variable such as


text:
Examples of front-end evaluation products from recent projects include two reports that summarized user needs survey data.
- This report provided guidance for the development of a suite of workshops, courses, and online resources for K12 teachers of climate science.
- A survey of the global coral-interested community provided guidance to a NASA-funded project to provide high-resolution Coral Reef Watch products to users.
The final evaluation report provides summative evaluation results to project managers and the funding agency. One example is the final evaluation report for the NSF-funded Geophysical Research at Storm Peak (GRASP). Data were collected using participant surveys and interviews.
Evaluation data provides valuable information for journal articles. Two examples are as follows:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Page:Graimear na _URL_
44. In Irish there are five cases—the Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, and Vocative.
The Nominative case in Irish corresponds to the English nominative when the subject of a verb.
The Accusative corresponds to the English objective case when governed by a transitive verb. The accusative case of every noun in modern Irish has the same form as the nominative, and suffers the same initial changes as regards aspiration and eclipsis.
The Genitive case corresponds to the English possessive case. English nouns in the possessive case or in the objective case, preceded by the preposition "of," are usually translated into Irish by the genitive case.
The Dative case is the case governed by prepositions.
The Vocative corresponds to the English nominative of address. It is always used in addressing a person or persons. It is preceded by the sign a, although "O" may not appear before the English word; but this a is not usually pronounced before a vowel or fh.
RULES FOR THE FORMATION OF THE CASES.
N.B.—These rules apply to all the declensions.
45. The Nominative case singular is always the simple form of the noun.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Biological Systems Engineering

Citation
Poonam Phalak et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 55-7 (2022) 112–118. 10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.430
Comments
Open access.
Abstract
Autotroph-heterotroph interactions are ubiquitous in natural environment and play a key role in controlling various essential ecosystem functions, such as production and utilization of organic matter, cycling of nitrogen, sulfur, and other chemical elements. Understanding how these biofilm metabolic interactions are constrained in space and time remains challenging because fully predictive models designed for this purpose are currently limited. Toward filling this gap, here we developed community metabolic network models for two autotroph-heterotroph biofilm consortia (termed UCC-A and UCC-O), which share a suite of common heterotrophic members but have a single distinct photoautotrophic cyanobacterium (Phormidesmis priestleyi str. ANA and Phormidium sp. OSCR) that provides organic carbon and nitrogen sources to support the growth of heterotrophic partners. After determining model parameters by data fitting using the spatiotemporal distributions of microbial abundances, we comparatively analyzed the resulting biofilm models to examine any fundamental differences in microbial interactions between the two consortia under the variation of key environmental variables: CO2 and photon levels. The UCC-A model predicted generally expected responses, i.e., the autotroph population increased in response to elevated levels of CO2 and photon, followed by increase in the heterotroph population. In contrast, the UCC-O model showed somewhat complicated dynamics, e.g., higher photon incidence rates resulted in the increase in autotroph population but decrease in heterotroph population due to the lowered provision of glucose from the autotroph. A further analysis showed that species coexistence was governed by the photon incidences rather than the carbon availability for UCC-O, which was the opposite for UCC-A.
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Modifying Data in Partitioned Views
If a partitioned view is not updatable, it can serve only as a read-only copy of the original table. An updatable partitioned view can exhibit all the capabilities of the original table.
A view is considered an updatable partitioned view when the view is a set of SELECT statements whose individual result sets are combined into one using the UNION ALL statement. Each SELECT statement references one SQL Server base table. The table can be either a local table or a linked table referenced by using a four-part name, the OPENROWSET function, or the OPENDATASOURCE function (you cannot use an OPENDATASOURCE or OPENROWSET function that specifies a pass-through query).
Additionally, data modification statements referencing the view must follow the rules defined for INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE statements.
NoteNote
Bulk importing into a partitioned view is not supported by the bcp command, or the BULK INSERT statement, or the INSERT ... SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK...) statement. However, you can insert multiple rows into a partitioned view by using an INSERT statement.
If the partitioned view is distributed across servers, avoid using triggers or cascading actions on the base tables. A trigger or cascading action could make changes to the underlying data that may affect the view definition.
Distributed partitioned views can only be updated if the user has CONTROL, ALTER, TAKE OWNERSHIP, or VIEW DEFINITION permission on each table underlying the view. For more information, see Troubleshooting Metadata Visibility of Distributed Partitioned Views.
NoteNote
You can modify data through a distributed partitioned view only if you install SQL Server 2008 Enterprise or SQL Server 2008 Developer. However, you can modify data through a local partitioned view on any edition of SQL Server 2008.
INSERT statements add data to the member tables through the partitioned view. The INSERT statements must follow to these rules:
 - All columns must be included in the INSERT statement even if the column can be NULL in the base table or has a DEFAULT constraint defined in the base table.
 - The DEFAULT keyword cannot be specified in the VALUES clause of the INSERT statement.
 - INSERT statements must supply a value that satisfies the logic of the CHECK constraint defined on the partitioning column for one of the member tables.
 - INSERT statements are not allowed if a member table contains a column with an identity property.
 - INSERT statements are not allowed if a member table contains a timestamp column.
 - INSERT statements are not allowed if there is a self-join with the same view or any one of the member tables.
UPDATE statements modify data in one or more of the member tables through the partitioned view. The UPDATE statements must follow to these rules:
 - UPDATE statements cannot specify the DEFAULT keyword as a value in the SET clause even if the column has a DEFAULT value defined in the corresponding member table
 - The value of a column with an identity property cannot be changed: however, the other columns can be updated.
 - The value of a PRIMARY KEY cannot be changed if the column contains text, image, or ntext data.
 - Updates are not allowed if a base table contains a timestamp column.
 - Updates are not allowed if there is a self-join with the same view or any one of the member tables.
DELETE statements remove data in one or more of the member tables through the partitioned view. DELETE statements are not allowed when there is a self-join with the same view or any one of the member tables.
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© 2014 Microsoft


What is PRIDE?
PRIDE is making a commitment to take Personal Responsibility in Delivering Excellence. PRIDE is an attitude, a way of life. The PRIDE programme establishes a culture of service excellence throughout the Cayman Islands.
Cayman PRIDE strives to:
 - Raise our standard of customer service
 - Distinguish the Cayman Islands from other Caribbean destinations
 - Increase our visitors' intent to return and recommend the Cayman Islands to others
 - Ensure a promising and sustainable future for our islands
 - Improve and enhance our community and our quality of life
Why invest in PRIDE?
Tourism plays a major role in our economy. The Government is funding the PRIDE programme as part of its ongoing mandate to enhance the Cayman Islands' competitiveness as a tourism destination and ensure the long-term sustainability of tourism in the country. The world spends over $500 billion on tourism yearly. By raising the level of customer service, we will be able to obtain a greater share of the tourism market.
Who participates in PRIDE?
Each member of our community plays a role in tourism. Those employed in tourism-related industries will be invited to receive PRIDE training. Our hope is that everyone living in the Cayman Islands will embrace PRIDE, not just as a way of delivering service excellence, but as a way of life.
How does PRIDE work?
Behavioural and operational service standards are agreed upon and set by tourism industry partners. Mystery shopping is used to identify strengths and training opportunities as well as provide interactive training programmes. Periodic quality checks are conducted to measure all progress in delivering excellence to guests.
Workshops & Webinars


Hard Wood Canoe Paddle
Introduction: Hard Wood Canoe Paddle
Create a great looking wooden canoe paddle
Step 1: Select Your Wood
choose different types of wood that will create contrast in your finished piece.
Step 2: Joint the Wood Together in Your Desierd Pattern
There are three different ways to joint the wood together. First way is just a glue joint, rub wood glue in to the sides that need to be jointed and clap them all together, give 24 hours to dry. Second is combination of the glue joint and a biscuit joint this is slightly more complex but it will give you a stronger hold. Third is a dowel and glue joint this is the strongest way but it takes much more time and work. I would suggest using the the plain glue joint if you are not planning on using it every day. your total length should be around 50-60 inches, the paddle width depended on the shape that you choose to create I recommend doing some research to find your desired shape of paddle.
Step 3: Begin to Shape Your Paddle
Start by getting a 2d pattern and laying it upon your paddle, Use the band saw to shape it to your pattern. Once it is shaped to the desired 2d shape you need to start thinning it out with a hand plane. Make sure that is is thicker in the middle and slowly tapers down to the thinner edges. Now round out the shaft of the paddle do this with a hand plane and heavy grit sand paper. Repeat this same processes with the knock (the handle). Once it is shaped start to sand it with a fine grit sand paper to get it completely smooth and read to apply finish.
Step 4: Apply the Finish
Place the paddle on a couple pins or nails sticking upward when applying the finish. Do once side and then flip ad do the other before it dries. Then let sit for 24 hours repeat this processes about 5 times with any water proof oil based finishing product
Step 5: Use It!!!!
Go outside on your favorite lake are river and go for a paddle
Makerspace Contest 2017
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text: Vladimir's research interests include various topics in the literary, philosophical and intellectual history of ancient Greece. He is particularly interested Greek thought on cognition, memory, sense-perception, and the emotions, and how it is expressed in the various genres of the ancient world. Vladimir's M.A. thesis examined the wax tablet model of memory in Plato's Theaetetus from the perspective of the wax tablet's literary history in the metaphorical language of tragedy and lyric. Beyond the field of Classics, he is intrigued by modern theories of metaphor, cognitive semantics and distributive approaches to cognition. When not researching, you will find him together with his wife, Maja, and son, Anton, or in the kitchen (he used to work as a professional cook).


text:
ADB loans $130m to improve water supply and sanitation
Sep 28, 2018-
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a loan of $130 million to improve access to community-managed water supply and sanitation in 20 urban municipalities of Nepal.
"Unmanaged rapid urban growth and lack of improved water supply and sanitation have led to environmental degradation, public health risks, rising urban poverty, and increased vulnerability to climate change and natural hazards," said ADB Senior Urban Development Specialist Alexandra Vogl. "Building on the experience of three previous ADB projects, the project will finance climate-resilient and accessible water supply and sanitation infrastructure and strengthen capacity in the communities and utility operators to deliver services over the long term."
Nepal has made strong efforts to improve access to water supply and sanitation, increasing coverage since 2000. However, in 2016, only 34 percent of water supply was reported to be safe and 15 percent met the national water quality standards, the ADB said in a press statement. More efforts are also needed to improve sanitation, given that only 34 percent of urban households have septic tanks and only 15 percent have sewer connections, it said.
The new project will support the installation or repair of 1,600 kilometres of water supply pipes and 15 water treatment plants each with an estimated capacity of 600,000 litres a day. This will result in 66,000 households being connected to piped water. About 8,000 toilets will also be constructed along with 20 public toilets suitable for both genders and the disabled. Among other activities, the project will construct two wastewater treatment plants and 30 km of stormwater drainage.
The total cost of the project is $178.5 million, of which the government and beneficiaries will contribute $48.5 million. (PR)
Published: 28-09-2018 08:19

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The Missing is a 2003 American Revisionist Western thriller film directed by Ron Howard, based on Thomas Eidson's 1996 novel The Last Ride. The film is set in 1885 New Mexico Territory and is notable for the authentic use of the Apache language by various actors, some of whom spent long hours studying it. The film was produced by Revolution Studios, Imagine Entertainment, and Daniel Ostroff Productions and distributed by Columbia Pictures. Wikipedia
The Missing is a member of the following lists: American films, English-language films, Films based on Western (genre) novels, Columbia Pictures films, Films set in the 1880s, Films set in New Mexico, Films shot in New Mexico, Spanish-language films, Films directed by Ron Howard and 2003 films.
Need more information? Read more about The Missing »
Looking for another profile? View all items tagged The Missing »
Maggie: Why didn't you stay? Samuel: (long pause) There's an Apache story about a man that woke up one morning and saw a hawk on the wind. Walked outside and never returned. After he died he met his wife in the spirit world. She asked him why he never came home, he said "Well, the hawk kept flying". (pause) Samuel: There's always the next something, Maggie. And that will take a man away.


For the first time, Mechinat Harel courses will help Russian-speaking Israelis to get ready for national service.
School students all over the country take these courses before the army. The aim of the programmes (called Mechina Kdam-Tzvait in Hebrew) is to thoroughly prepare recruits for their service.
The curriculum includes volunteer work and in-depth studies of Israeli society, the distinctive features of the country and its population groups, its culture and nature.
Now Mechinat Harel courses, in a project supported by the Genesis Philanthropy Group, are the first to be designed specifically for Russian speakers.
The recruits take tours, meet key public figures, explore Israel's nature and learn about serving in various units within the armed forces. The programme also includes 12 days of volunteer work with children, the elderly and people with special needs.
Forty participants have already signed up, and this number is expected to grow in the future.
The participants receive physical and educational training, meet IDF officers and prepare for service in elite units.
The recruits also study the history of Soviet Jews, the refusenik movement, the Holocaust in the USSR and the Jews who fought in the Soviet army during World War II.
Ishai Hadad, director and founder of the courses and a captain in the IDF reserves, says that when young people learn about the pivotal role Soviet Jews played in the history of the Jewish people, they find it much easier to integrate into Israeli society and to feel like full-fledged citizens.


Museum of the City of San Francisco
By Subject
By Year
The Gift Shop
Military Governor Mason's Report on the Discovery of Gold
The Discovery – as Viewed in New York and London
The Miner's Ten Commandments - 1853
The Wife's Commandments
1. Thou shalt have no other wife but me.
2. Thou shalt not take into thy house any beautiful brazen image of a servant girl, to bow down to her, to serve her, for I am a jealous wife, visiting, &c.
3. Thou shalt not take the name of thy wife in vain.
4. Remember thy wife to keep her respectably.
5. Honor thy wife's father and mother.
6. Thou shalt not fret.
7. Thou shalt not find fault with thy dinner.
8. Thou shalt not chew tobacco.
9. Thou shalt not be behind thy neighbor.
10. Thou shalt not visit the rum tavern; thou shall not covet the tavern keeper's rum, nor his brandy, nor his gin, nor his whisky, nor his wine, nor any thing that's behind the bar of the rum-seller.
11. Thou shalt not visit billiard saloons neither for worshipping on the dance, nor the heaps of money that lie on the tables.
And the twelfth commandment is, thou shalt not stay out later than nine o'clock at night.
Cleveland Plain Dealer
March 27, 1849
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text:
Analysis of Pluto's light curve to detect volatile transport
Author(s)Mansfield, Megan (Megan L.)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences.
MetadataShow full item record
Changes in the volatile distribution on Pluto's surface and in its atmosphere are expected to occur over its orbital path due to varying surface insolation. To investigate these changes, a model was created to synthesize light curves of Pluto, given the viewing geometry and surface albedo distribution. Using an initial surface albedo distribution based on images taken by New Horizons, changes in the light curve mean magnitudes and amplitudes over time were compared to the smallest magnitude changes detectable by a variety of telescopes. The model predicts that yearly observations on a large ground-based telescope, such as the 6.5-meter Magellan telescopes, could observe magnitude changes due to both changes in viewing geometry and surface albedo changes. The model can be compared to future observations to estimate how much surface albedo change is necessary to produce the observed light curves, and can therefore be used to link observational data to physical changes on Pluto's surface and the methods of volatile transport responsible for those changes.
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-66).
DepartmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences.


text:
ELR Illustrative Example: My Name, My IdentityEnglish Learner Roadmap Illustrative Example: Santa Clara County Office of Education's My Name, My Identity.
CA EL Roadmap Home | Policy and Printed Document | Learning Foundations | Principles Overview | Principle One | Principle Two | Principle Three | Principle Four | Characteristics of Examples | Illustrative Case Examples | Crosswalk to LCAP | Resources | Communications and Updates | Archives
Illustrative Example Overview
The Santa Clara County Office of Education (SCCOE) is located in the Silicon Valley, a diverse community where more than 60 languages are spoken in Santa Clara County's public schools. The SCCOE, in partnership with the National Association of Bilingual Education (NABE), demonstrated its commitment to embracing the diversity of the Silicon Valley with the "My Name, My Identity: A Declaration of Self" initiative. This initiative recognizes the importance of correctly pronouncing students' names in order to make students feel valued, included, and respected at school. The "My Name, My Identity" initiative asks teachers to sign a pledge committing to pronouncing students' names correctly in order to affirm their identities at school and welcome them to the learning community. The SCCOE provides resources to interested schools and districts and encourages districts to engage families and communities with the initiative. As of 2018, 17 districts and charter schools in Santa Clara County have adopted a board resolution in support of the "My Name, My Identity" initiative.
The SCCOE leadership believes that correct pronunciation of names can have a deep impact on school culture and student achievement. Jon R. Gundry, the former County Superintendent of Schools for Santa Clara County, stated that "Honoring our students' personal history and cultural identity is at the very heart of our efforts to close the achievement gap in Santa Clara County. To raise student achievement for all students, we must build relationships that start with the proper pronunciation of ours students' names." The SCCOE believes that the "My Name, My Identity" initiative can address a variety of district goals, including "eliminating the achievement gap, building positive school climate, cultivating global competence, or advocating parent engagement" (Wan, Yee, "My Name, My Identity: Building a Culture of Respect").
Principles, Elements, and Priorities Addressed
- Element 1.A: Language and Culture as Assets
- Element 1.C: School Climate
- Element 1.D: Family and School Partnerships
Local Control and Accountability (LCAP) Priority One: Basic (Conditions of Learning)
Rate of teacher misassignment as relates to equity, professional learning, resource alignment, and teachers. Student access to standards-aligned instructional materials as relates to curriculum, instruction, and resource alignment. Facilities in good repair as relates to culture and climate and resource alignment.
LCAP Priority Two: State Standards (Conditions of Learning)
Implementation of academic content and performance standards adopted by the state board for all pupils, including English learners as relates to assessment, curriculum, equity, instruction, and professional learning.
LCAP Priority Three: Parental Involvement (Engagement)
Efforts to seek parent input in decision making and promotion of parent participation in programs for unduplicated pupils and special need subgroups as relates to culture and climate, equity, and family and community.
LCAP Priority Four: Pupil Achievement (Pupil Outcomes)
Performance on standardized tests, score on Academic Performance Index, share of pupils that are college and career ready, share of English learners that become English proficient, English learner reclassification rate, share of pupils that pass Advanced Placement exams with three or higher and share of pupils determined prepared for college by the Early Assessment Program as relates to assessment, curriculum, equity, and instruction.
LCAP Priority Five: Pupil Engagement (Engagement)
School attendance rates, chronic absenteeism rates, middle school dropout rates, high school dropout rates, and high school graduations rates as relates to culture and climate, equity, and family and community.
LCAP Priority Six: School Climate (Engagement)
Pupil suspension rates, pupil expulsion rates, and other local measures including surveys of pupils, parents, and teachers on the sense of safety and school connectedness as relates to culture and climate, equity, and family and community.
LCAP Priority Seven: Course Access (Conditions of Learning)
Pupil enrollment in a broad course of study that includes all of the subject areas described in Education Code (EC) section 51210 and subdivisions (a) to (i), inclusive, of EC section 51220, as applicable, as relates to curriculum, equity, and professional learning.
Evidence of Effectiveness
The Characteristics of Examples web page includes information on the criteria used to evaluate illustrative example submissions.
Standard 1 (supported by an existing research basis)
The "My Name, My Identity" initiative is rooted in research by William Powell and Ochan Kusuma-Powell (2011). This research indicates that when teachers learn the correct pronunciation of students' names it creates trust and acceptance. In her article "My Name, My Identity: Building a Culture of Respect," Yee Wan, the Director of Multilingual Education Services for the SCCOE, writes, "This trust and acceptance creates a psychologically safe atmosphere in the classroom, which provides the security students need to experience the intellectual discomfort of learning new ideas. Students will also feel a sense of belonging and being valued, which will enable them to take risks during the learning process."
Standard 2 (local metrics of system implementation and adult learning outcomes)
The SCCOE leadership encouraged schools and districts to adopt a resolution supporting the "My Name, My Identity" initiative. The SCCOE provides resources to interested schools and districts to support the implementation of the initiative
Standard 2a (local metrics of student learning supports and processes)
The Santa Clara County Office of Education interviewed stakeholders regarding the impact of the initiative. Some of the responses to the initiative are available in the resource "My Name, My Identity: Building a Culture of Respect," article linked below. Districts and schools have set up online communities for parents and students to share their name stories; incorporated "Names, Languages, and Cultures" into their parent engagement and literacy activities; provided leadership opportunities for parents by challenging them to secure pledges from the community; integrated the "My Name, My Identity" initiative; and hosted celebrations for the pledges made.
Standard 3 (student learning outcomes)
Data is anecdotal and has not gone through the formal research process at this time.
"My Name, My Identity" website
This website, created by the Santa Clara County Office of Education, provides more information about the "My Name, My Identity" initiative including a link to take the pledge and other resources.
"My Name, My Identity: Building a Culture of Respect" Article
This article provides an overview of the "My Name, My Identity" initiative, the implementation in Santa Clara County, ideas for schools and districts, and stakeholders' responses to the initiative.
Milpitas Unified School District Strategies Menu
This resource provides a menu of "My Name, My Identity" strategies to build positive school climate, advocate parent engagement, and cultivate global competence.
"My Name, My Identity" Media Coverage
This resource provides links to articles about the "My Name, My Identity" initiative.


Expressions used in Everyday Spoken English in Social and Professional contexts
put a stop to (sth)
put a stop to something
1) prevent something from happening or continuing
 - How to MemorizePopularity HighProfessional HighSocial
 - put a stop to all that nonsense
 - Analysis
 To put a stop to something is to ensure that something is prevented or isn't allowed to continue due to you disagreeing with it or being against it in some way. when you 'put a stop to' something you make something end or finish.
 - Professional Examples (Basic)
 1. I intend to implement new measures that will put a stop to time wasting in the office once and for all!
 2. Putting a stop to the costly dispute was a priority for us, so we instructed our lawyers to make an out-of-court settlement.
 3. The teacher warned some of his students that if they didn't put a stop to their bad behaviour, he would be forced to take disciplinary action.
 - Social Examples (Basic)
 1. My children are always arguing. I don't know how to put a stop to it. It's driving me crazy.
 2. I am starting a petition. I want to put a stop to people parking so close to the school.
 - Further Suggestions
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How To Play Call Three Darts
How To Play Pick 3 Darts
Call 3 darts is one of the few games that is different every time you play. Sure the rules are the same but from round to round, game to game, the targets are made up on the fly.
You will need at least two players to get started but as with most games, the more the merrier. So how do you play call three darts?
To play call three darts each player takes turns calling out targets for the active player to hit. If their dart hits they are awarded a point. The player with the most points at the end of ten rounds wins.
It is actually way more fun than it sounds and as with most games, there is a little more to it than just throwing at random targets, so let take a closer look at the full rules.
Call Three Darts Rules
Once the first player reaches the oche, it is up to the person who plays next to call three targets on the board, they can be any number 1-20 or the bullseye.
That player who is up must now try to hit those targets in order with their 3 darts. They get one dart per number, So the first dart must be thrown at the first number called, the 2nd dart will go to the next number and the last dart will go to the 3rd number that was called.
A dart only counts if it hits the correct number that the thrower was aiming for. So if the second dart hits the 3rd number that was called, it does not count.
Each time the correct number is hit, it is worth one point, a double is worth two points and a triple is worth three. The outer ring of the bullseye is worth two points and the middle is worth three.
The player with the highest score at the end of ten rounds wins.
Scoring Call Three Darts
To score call three darts, you can write the player's names across the top of the board, then write the number 1-10 down the left-hand side to signify the 10 rounds.
After a player has thrown the darts you can write their points total for that round under their name. Remember doubles are worth two points and triples are worth three.
At the end of the game, you can add each column up and the player with the highest total wins.
Alternatively, you can make 2 columns for each player. In the first column, you would mark the score for the round and the second column will be a running total (sum of all rounds played so far).
In the event of a tie, additional rounds are added until there is a clear winner.
Call Three Tips & Strategies
Calling numbers all around the board will keep your opponents on their toes. Going from 6 to 13 to 17 is not fun.
If you know the numbers your opponent is weak at, make them go for those.
Call Three Darts Variations
Instead of making one dart per number called you can have it so that the thrower must hit the first number before they can move to the second, and second before they can go for the third.
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How many points is a bullseye in darts worth
How Many Points Is A Bullseye In Darts Worth?
The Best Dartboard Cabinets Reviewes
10 Best Dart Board Cabinets REVIEWED FOR 2021


text: Efficient high speed propulsion requires exploiting the cooling capability of the cryogenic fuel in the propulsion cycle. This paper presents the numerical model of a combined cycle engine while in air turbo-rocket configuration. Specific models of the various heat exchanger modules and the turbomachinery elements were developed to represent the physical behavior at off-design operation. The dynamic nature of the model allows the introduction of the engine control logic that limits the operation of certain subcomponents and extends the overall engine operational envelope. The specific impulse and uninstalled thrust are detailed while flying a determined trajectory between Mach 2.5 and 5 for varying throttling levels throughout the operational envelope.


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Assumming that the same physical laws pertaining to the entrainment of sediment on Earth applies to Mars, the minimum paleoflow conditions of a specific martian outflow channel is characterized using empirical relationships, developed from terrestrial river systems whose slopes are similar to the martian channels, between median grain size (d(sub)50) and channel slope (S) and between d(sub)90 grain size (i.e., the grain size which is larger than 90% of the channel material) and flow shear stress (tau). This approach assumes that channel slope (a measurable parameter) can be used to infer a characteristic median grain size (d(sub)50, an unknown parameter) for the channel bed. Once grain size is known, the minimum flow dynamics required to entrain the grain can be determined. This technique is used to model the minimum flow conditions of the martian channel, Maja Vallis.
Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
- Pub Date:
- March 1996
- MAJA VALLIS;


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APPROXIMATELY 7 THOUSAND CUBIC METERS OF WATER WILL BE TRANSPORTED PER DAY
The institution stated that the wastewater treatment plant, from which water will be transported to Meke Lake, is 8.5 kilometers away.
Stating that the investment cost of the project is approximately 3.5 million TL, the Minister Institution made the following evaluations:
"We will carry about 7 thousand cubic meters of water per day from the waste water treatment plant to the groundwater that feeds Meke Lake. Hopefully, at the end of a year, we will carry 2 million 532 thousand cubic meters of water to our lake. Only 5 percent of the treated water is used in our country. With regard to climate change, we are entering a period in which water wars will occur all over the world and water will be much more valuable in the 2030s and 2050s. Therefore, we have to take steps to reuse our existing water. Hopefully, we will take steps to make Meke Lake even more revitalized by feeding it with different water resources. "


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Variables affecting stress development and resin conversion in light-cured dental composites
Abstract: The general aim of this dissertation was to identify and investigate factors that can be used to minimize stress development in light cured dental resins without compromising the conversion level of the polymer. Modulus of elasticity, polymerization contraction strain, degree of conversion and shrinkage of light-cure dental composites were determined after curing with three different light power densities where total irradiated energy (J/cm2) kept constant. FT-Raman spectroscopy was employed to determine the degree of conversion. The cure kinetic of light cured resins was studied by use of photocalorimetry (photo-DSC). Dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) analysis was used to investigate how different light curing methods affected glass transition and tangent delta of light curable dental resins when the temperature changed from 0 to 200°C. Optical properties of dental composites were studied. Three different filler types, two different surface treatments and eight different filler fractions per filler type and surface treatment were investigated. Light transmission was measured for the different composite compositions at sample thicknesses of 1 to 5 mm by use of a universal power meter. As long as the total light energy remained the same, the modulus of elasticity remained constant for each composite, even though the power density differed. Composite thickness, irradiance time, composition of the light cure composite and irradiation value had significant impact on degree of conversion. The irradiance value did not significantly affect on the transition temperature value. Initiator, co-initiators and light irradiance value had all significant impact on cure behavior. Different filler types and filler surface treatments had significant effects on light absorption. In general, light absorption increased linearly with filler fraction and sample thickness of the cured composites. Conclusion: Low rather than high light irradiance values decrease stress levels in composites, and comparable conversion levels are reached as long as the total light energy value remains the same for low versus high irradiance. By increasing the composite thickness above 2 mm but not exceeding 6 mm, energy levels exceeding 30 J are needed to achieve acceptable levels of degree of conversion. Different irradiance values do not affect the final Tg of tested composites as long as the total light energy remains the same. By using appropriate photo initiator/co-initiator combination and soft-start curing it is possible to achieve slow curing and high DC within a 40 s. As expected, different filler particle properties have significant effects on light absorption during curing making it important to consider these differences when one tries to develop a general light curing strategy for light curable dental resins.
This dissertation MIGHT be available in PDF-format. Check this page to see if it is available for download.


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Nanobubbles at the interface between water and a hydrophobic solid.
Xue Hua Zhang, Anthony Quinn, William A Ducker
Langmuir | Published : 2008
A very thin layer (5-80 nm) of gas phase, consisting of discrete bubbles with only about 40 000 molecules, is quite stable at the interface between a hydrophobic solid and water. We prepare this gas phase from either ambient air or from CO(2)(g) through a solvent exchange method reported previously. In this work, we examine the interface using attenuated total internal reflection infrared spectroscopy. The presence of rotational fine structure in the spectrum of CO(2) and D(2)O proves that molecules are present in the gas phase at the interface. The air bubbles are stable for more than 4 days, whereas the CO(2) bubbles are only stable for 1-2 h. We determine the average gas pressure inside t..View full abstract


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to be a Crane
Wild baby cranes learn from their parents
what food to eat, where to sleep and how to fly. They learn because
they identify with
their parents. Chicks try hard to stay with their parents and imitate
them. Imprinting is a quick way of learning who their parents are so
they can follow them within hours, and they won't get lost.
Chicks born in captivity imprint and learn, too. But their "parent" is
a puppet that looks just like an adult crane.


Other than those two key differences, the ZM6 performed identically to the ABIT BM6 in AnandTech's performance and stability tests. As taken from the BM6 review, the conclusion to the benefits of the ZM6 are identical to those of the BM6, including stability.
The argument has been made that bigger capacitors in greater quantities on a motherboard is not necessarily better, and the truth of the matter is, that it is not. The entire trend of assuming that bigger is better was actually brought about by an editorial written a few years back about a well-known motherboard manufacturer in which the company was praised for having such highly rated and stable products. In response to the question why their boards were so stable, the classic response from the company was "well, we have bigger capacitors." A statement that was backed up by the use of larger capacitors on their motherboards, a trait that continues to be seen on their products to date. In reality, the "praising" editorial was nothing more than an attempt to appease the motherboard manufacturer in question, and the stability issues were overly exaggerated, the truth of the matter was that the motherboard manufacturer produced well made boards, and that was that.
What is this brief story getting at? The key to the effective use of capacitors on a motherboard isn't the size nor the population, rather the location of the capacitors. The general rule of thumb is that so long as the signal present between any frequently "trafficked" components on a motherboard (those that are sensitive to fluctuations in voltage, etc...) retains its original strength, the operation of the board has a greater chance of being stable. In order to ensure this, motherboard manufacturers place capacitors to keep the signal between two points on a motherboard both clean and strong, improving the stability and reliability of the motherboard, and thus explaining any issues that come up during the tests that could possibly be capacitance related. ABIT's effective use of capacitors around the ATX power supply connector, Socket-370 interface, 443ZX controller chip, memory banks and AGP slot explain the results AnandTech's ZM6 sample exhibited during the stability tests. Comparatively speaking, when pitted against the other Socket-370 based motherboards AnandTech has reviewed thus far, the ABIT ZM6 is on par with Microstar's MS-6153, as it crashed but once during the stability tests.
The rest of the motherboard's features are fairly standard to ABIT motherboards, for those of you that aren't familiar, the description of the board's SoftMenu II Jumperless CPU Setup and it's other features have been taken from the AnandTech BX6 Revision 2 Review:
As we have all come to expect from ABIT, the ZM6 features the latest and greatest version of their SoftMenu II Jumperless CPU setup. With the BH6, ABIT introduced the ability to modify the SEL66/100# setting, enabling the user to effectively unlock the clock lock on 100MHz FSB processors running at the 100MHz FSB. For example, the original Pentium II 350 only allowed a 3.5x clock multiplier when using the 100MHz FSB, making 400MHz impossible, and anything greater than 350MHz impossible without the use of a higher FSB setting (i.e. 112MHz). Setting the SEL66/100# setting to "Low" allowed for the removal of this lock, giving many users the ability to run their 350MHz Pentium II processors at 100MHz x 4.0 or 100MHz x 4.5, and their 400MHz Pentium II's at 100 x 4.5. The SEL66/100# feature has made its way into the SoftMenu II setup of the ZM6, however with a Celeron CPU, the usefulness is absolutely nothing as there won't be a 100MHz FSB Celeron processor for quite some time.
The ZM6 would have little to offer over the competition if it weren't for a few more modifications to SoftMenu II, ABIT's sole reason for existence right now in the overclocking market. The ZM6's SoftMenu II brings a few new settings, such as the inclusion of the new higher frequency FSB settings (138MHz, 143MHz, 148MHz, 153MHz) as well as "in-between" settings such as the 110MHz and 120MHz options for those users that just can't seem to hit 112MHz or 124MHz with their systems. The board also supports the 1/4 PCI clock divider with all > 100MHz FSB settings to keep the PCI frequency as close to the specified 33MHz setting as possible, for those with extremely tolerant PCI peripherals.
ABIT's highly regarded User's Manual makes its presence felt in the box of the ZM6 giving users a step-by-step installation and a configuration guide for their system. The ABIT manual includes a fairly easy to read and useful explanation of the BIOS and CPU setup, and makes the overall experience with the new ZM6 (especially for first time system builders) a pleasant one.
The ZM6, as expected, also features ABIT's core voltage manipulation option which allows the user to select core voltage settings ranging from 1.30v to 2.30v in 0.5v increments, meaning the board will also support any upcoming Celeron processors based on the Katmai (Pentium III) core. Don't worry, those won't be around for quite some time however. Unfortunately, the overclockability of Celeron processors makes the usefulness of the 100MHz+ FSB settings on the ZM6 pretty useless, as there isn't a single Socket-370 Celeron processor (with the exception of the 300A) that even remotely has a chance of using the 100MHz FSB due to its locked clock multiplier, much less anything faster than 100MHz.
If it weren't for the fact that the ZM6 exhibited top notch stability (in comparison to other Socket-370 boards), ABIT would have been in a very bad position, with an overclocker's board, yet with nothing to overclock. Luckily, the ZM6 is quite stable, and it's easy to setup nature makes it the ideal Socket-370 board provided that you are in the market for one.
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23nov6:02 pmJupiter turns direct in TaurusDirect Station6:02 pm EST(GMT-05:00) View in my timeEvent Type :Stations
Jupiter stations and turns direct today. Jupiter now turns direct at 5° Taurus 35′. Jupiter turned retrograde on September 4th and now turns direct, ending its retrograde. Jupiter is retrograde from September 4th,
Jupiter stations and turns direct today.
Jupiter now turns direct at 5° Taurus 35′.
Jupiter turned retrograde on September 4th and now turns direct, ending its retrograde.
Jupiter is retrograde from September 4th, 2023 to December 30th, 2023, in the sign of Taurus.
- Jupiter enters retrograde zone/shadow on June 11, 2023, at 5° Taurus 35′
- Jupiter stations and turns retrograde on September 4, 2023, at 15° Taurus 35′ Rx
- Jupiter stations and turns direct on December 30, 2023, at 5° Taurus 35'D
- Jupiter leaves retrograde zone/shadow on March 23, 2024, at 15° Taurus 35′
Note that Jupiter spent its retrograde cycle in the sign of Taurus.
The planet was retrograde in 2023 from September 4th to December 30th.
See also Jupiter in Taurus.
While Jupiter is retrograde, we tend to re-think our goals and plans in the areas of life affected by Jupiter's transit. It's a time of questioning what we thought we already knew and developing a new perspective on events and beliefs.
Recognizing areas of excess or extravagance can help us. We may need to slow down specific endeavors if they've been moving too quickly, or this happens organically. Some enthusiasm may wane as certain realities of time and energy set in.
Gradually over the next few weeks, matters ruled by Jupiter will move forward more straightforwardly. Our confidence in ourselves and the universe builds. Our faith and perspective expand, although as this shift occurs now, problems can seem larger than life.
This direct turn can feel refreshing.
(Wednesday) 6:02 pm EST(GMT-05:00) View in my time


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The image shows the following tabs on the Oracle B2B screen: Manage Deployments, Types, Batch, Downtime, Callout, Purge, Listening Channel. The Downtime tab is selected. The Downtime tab contains two subtabs: Schedule Downtime and Manage Downtime, and the Schedule Downtime tab is selected.
The first area of the Schedule Downtime tab shows the Downtime Name field, followed by the Schedule Downtime Start Time and End Time fields which are controlled with calendar selection buttons to select date and time values. Above these fields is the Schedule Downtime button.
The middle area of the tab shows the Responding Partner Search field. The bottom area of the tab displays the search results in a table with the following columns: Responding Partner and Channel.


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Conversely, the islands do not receive the upwellings (cold streams) that affect the West African coast, so the air temperature is cooler than in Senegal, but the sea is actually warmer, because the orographic relief of some islands, such as Santiago with steep mountains, cover it with rich woods and luxuriant vegetation where the humid air condenses and soak the plants, rocks, soil, logs, moss, etc.
On the higher islands and somewhat wetter islands, exclusively in mountainous areas, like Santo Antão island, the climate is suitable for the development of dry monsoon forest, and laurel forest as this vegetation. Average daily high temperatures range from 23 °C (73 °F) in February to 29 °C (84.2 °F) in September.
Cape Verde is part of the Sahelian arid belt, with nothing like the rainfall levels of nearby West Africa.It does rain irregularly between August and October, with frequent brief-but-heavy downpours. A desert is usually defined as terrain that receives less than 250 mm (9.8 in) of annual rainfall. Cape Verde's total (265 mm (10.4 in)) is slightly above this criterion, which makes the area climate semi-desert.


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Characterization of most important SNPs in SLCO1B1, ABCG2 and ABCB1 genes
Statins are used to reduce LDL cholesterol level and belong to one of the most often prescribed drugs. Efficacy and tolerance for patients depend on the correct selection of substance and dosage. Because of genetic polymorphisms resorption and metabolism of statins can vary drastically from patient to patient.
The kit detects SNPs in the genes SLCO1B1, ABCG2 and ABCB1, which are coding for transporter proteins. The SNPs are associated with a reduced transportation rate of some statin groups into and out of the liver which bears the risk of overdosing.
For a successful statin therapy it is very helpful to know the genotype of relevant SNPs of the patient in order to avoid adverse effects caused by overdose and reduced efficacy.
The AID Kit Statin-Tolerance enables characterization of most important SNPs for optimization of a statin therapy.
- Characterization of five SNPs on SLCO1B1, ABCG2 and ABCB1 genes
- Differentiation between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes
- PCR with subsequent lineprobe assay
- Specimen: human DNA isolated from Citrate- or EDTA-blood
- Control bands on every strip show correct DNA isolation, amplification and hybridization
- Results within 4 hours
- Suited for automated systems
- Evaluation and documentation with AID Scanning system
- Art.no.: RDB 2280


Nyanang Shedup Gaden Phelgye Ling Monastery
Nyanang Phelgye Ling is a Monastic University located at the foot of Swayambhu Stupa in Kathmandu, Nepal, following the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.
Since its beginning, Phelgye Ling Monastery has hosted many eminent Buddhist masters, as well as religious festivals and celebrations, and has been a very important center of Buddhist learning and practice.
Nyanang Phelgye Ling Monastery, currently has 45 monks, ranging in age from 8 to 72 years old. The monks engage in daily pujas and other activities under the direct tutelage of the abbot. The day starts at 5:00 am, when the monks wake up to prepare for early morning puja, which begins at 5:30 am and lasts until 7:30 am. There are also regular daily pujas at 9 am and 2 pm. When the students are not in puja, they engage in other studies and practices, such as memorization of scripture, making butter sculptures and torma offerings, Tibetan handwriting, ritual practice, and English and Nepali grammar studies.
Phelgye Ling Monastery also is home to several very precious religious artifacts, some dating back over a thousand years. Many of these items were first brought out of Tibet to ensure their safety during the conflict with China in 1959. These treasures are very well known by many people in the community, and have been a continual source of blessings for those who behold them.
All are welcome at Phelgye Ling Monastery. The monastery is open to all persons regardless of political, religious or ethnic affiliation.


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"One Watermelon Seed" by Celia Barker Lottridge, illustrations by Karen Patkau (Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 2008 - originally published in 1986)
On the Toronto Public Library's 10 best books of 2008 list for Children up to 5 years of age.
In this picture book from Canada, Max and Josephine are busy tending their garden. Children can count along up to ten with them as they plant their seeds. Then when it is time to harvest the crops from the garden, children can keep counting in tens. Readers will also be busy searching for the small creatures in the garden on each page. Take a look inside the garden fruits and vegetables following the story. Do you have a garden at home or help with a community garden? This is a nice book to share with preschoolers and early elementary-aged children to discuss gardening and for encouraging beginning math skills. The cover also makes me hungry for watermelon!


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||This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2008)|
The circumnavigation of Eastern North America by water is known as The Great Loop. Also improperly referred to as the Great Circle Route (see definition of a great circle), the trip varies from 5,000 miles to 7,500 miles depending on the options used. The boats used range from personal watercraft (jet-skis) to 60-foot yachts. Both sailboats and powerboats are used but the most common boats are 34–45 ft recreational trawlers. The main factors that govern the size of the boat are the limited draft (5 feet) in some locations on the loop and the height of one bridge (19 feet) in Chicago. People traveling The Great Loop are known as "loopers." The number of people attempting this voyage is growing with the baby boomers reaching retirement age. In 2007, more than 150 boat owners notified America's Great Loop Cruisers' Association that they were planning to attempt the loop in the coming season.
Most Great Loop cruisers travel the Loop counterclockwise, taking advantage of the downstream currents on the Illinois River, Mississippi River, Tombigbee River and Black Warrior River to Mobile, Alabama. To avoid summer hurricanes and winter ice, most Loopers head north in the spring, spend the summer in the Great Lakes region, and head south on the rivers in the fall, arriving in Florida after the beginning of November.
Starting on the east coast of Florida at Stuart the route heads north on the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) along the coasts of Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Chesapeake Bay offers many different locations to visit and some loopers go 95 miles up the Potomac to Washington. At the north end of Chesapeake Bay the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal connects to Delaware Bay. The Intracoastal Waterway resumes at Cape May and ends at Manasquan, New Jersey.
There is a 30-mile stretch of open Atlantic Ocean to New York harbor. From this point a few loopers continue up the coast, around the Gaspé Peninsula and up the St Lawrence River to Lake Ontario. This adds about 1,500 miles to the loop. Most loopers go up the Hudson River to Waterford and then take the Erie Canal to Lake Ontario or Lake Erie or the Champlain Canal to the St. Lawrence. Canada's Rideau Canal, built in 1832 from Ottawa to Kingston, is frequently chosen. Most loopers will take the Trent Canal from Trenton, Ontario to Port Severn on Georgian Bay. The North Channel is one of the highlights of the loop. This is the most northerly point on the loop and has the shortest season, just 8 weeks of good warm weather from July 1 to Aug 30th.
Lake Michigan is next with most loopers taking the east side of the lake to Chicago. From here it is down the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, up the Ohio and Tennessee Rivers, then down the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway to Mobile. The route then joins the Intracoastal Waterway going east to Carrabelle, Florida. The ICW now extends to Fort Myers where loopers can cruise the Okeechobee Waterway to Stuart on the east coast of Florida or turn south to the Keys rounding the southern tip of Florida, returning north to Stuart.
Looper culture
Many loopers retire, sell everything, and live on their boats. Some complete the loop every year with the record being nine complete Great Loops. Many spend the winters in the Bahamas on their boats. Other loopers complete the loop in stages, storing the boat at various locations while they return to work. A few take their children and home-school them on the route. Loopers who are members of the America's Great Loop Cruisers' Association (AGLCA) meet two times a year in different locations along the Great Loop. The first reunion is near Charleston, South Carolina in the spring, the second reunion is traditionally in October at Joe Wheeler State Park in Alabama. This is a very popular one. The reunions and rendezvous are organized by AGLCA. The reunions are designed to allow mixing and mingling with old friends and new members, sharing stories and tips, also include general lessons on safety, vessel safety checks and other valuable cruising information. One highlight of the events is the Looper Crawl.
The America's Great Loop Cruisers' Association assists Great Loop cruisers with various needs such as safety, sharing navigational and cruising information, and networking among loopers. The networking through the daily e-mail blast provides updates and local advice. The boaters can broadcast information requests for anything such as docking, anchoring, water depth, hazards, repairs, fuel prices or dinner reservations.
Another source of useful information is Capt. John's site with many pictures, route options, and an interactive planning map, five time Looper Capt John, gives you boat restrictions, fuel requirements and frugal options for cruising America's Great Loop.


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The Space Innovation Hub is where we develop new ideas of how to use space to benefit society. It is where students learn how to use space to solve real life problems. It is where researchers develop innovative solutions to the challenges the society is facing, and it is where we welcome external collaborators to join our quest to use space to make Earth a better place.
The main activities in the Space Innovation Hub are:
- more to come!
In the Space Innovation Hub, we work on myriad of different experiments, where we collaborate with external public and private partners on the development and use of space technologies. Examples of such experiments are:
· The use of Earth observations and machine learning to quantify biodiversity
· The use of Earth observations and machine learning to map cultural heritage
· The use of Earth observations and machine learning for mineral explorations
· The use of k band communication on micro satellites
· Inter-satellite communication in mega-constellations
· The use of interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) geological prospecting
· Observations of greenhouse gas emission with remote sensing
The work in the Space Innovation Hub is distributed around many departments at the University and due to COVID-19 most of the collaborative work takes place online. But when we can meet physically again, the work in the Space Innovation Hub will be centered around the Kitchen.


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Hindustan Aeronautics Limited's (HAL) new light utility helicopter (LUH) has conducted its first technical flight in the Indian city of Bengaluru.
Carried out by HAL test pilots, the flight that lasted for 15 minutes marks an important and significant beginning for prototype testing of LUH.
The indigenously developed LUH will replace the ageing fleet of Cheetah and Chetak helicopters, which are currently in service with the Indian Air force.
The LUH is expected to achieve a sizeable share in both domestic and international market, HAL said in a statement.
It is said to be the third indigenous helicopter product from HAL after programmes such as advanced light helicopter and light combat helicopter.
Powered by a Safran HE Ardiden-1U engine of 750Kw power, the LUH has a range of 350km, service ceiling 6.5km.
The helicopter has a maximum all-up-weight (AUW) of 3,150kg and can accommodate eight people in total, including two pilots.
It can be used for various missions such as reconnaissance, transport, cargo load and rescue operations. According to the company, the helicopter can operate from sea level to high-altitudes.
The Indian Armed Forces would need up to 400 LUHs for use in surveillance, reconnaissance, quick response, special operations and evacuations, The Hindu reported.
Of them, 187 would be ordered from HAL for Army and Air Force.
Image: The indigenously developed LUH. Photo: courtesy of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.


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About the FSA
The Food Standards Agency is responsible for food safety and food hygiene across the UK. We work with local authorities to enforce food safety regulations and have staff who work in UK meat plants to check that the requirements of the regulations are being met. We also commission research related to food safety.
The Department of Health is responsible for nutrition policy, including nutrition labelling, in England. Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) is responsible for food labelling not related to food safety or nutrition in England. It is also responsible for animal welfare. The FSA retains responsibility for labelling policy in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and for nutrition policy in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Responsibility for nutrition policy in Wales lies with the Welsh Government.
You can get answers to several frequently asked questions about what we do at the links below.
- putting the consumer first
- openness and transparency
- scienceand evidence-based
- acting independently
- enforcing food law fairly
The Agency is led by a Board that has been appointed to act in the public interest and not to represent particular sectors. Board members have a wide range of relevant skills and experience.
Although the FSA is a government agency, it works at 'arm's length' from government because it doesn't report to a specific minister and is free to publish any advice it issues. We are, however, accountable to Parliament through health ministers, and to the devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland for our activities within their areas.
Our UK headquarters are in London, but the Agency also has offices in York, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
We base our decisions and advice on the best evidence available, including commissioning research and obtaining advice from independent advisory committees. We also aim to ensure that our decision-making process is as open and transparent in as possible.
Whenever possible, we seek the views of interested parties before reaching conclusions, and always explain the reasons for a decision or advice in a straightforward manner.
The six outcomes the FSA aims to deliver are:
- foods produced or sold in the UK are safe to eat
- imported food is safe to eat
- food producers and caterers give priority to consumer interests in relation to food
- consumers have the information and understanding they need to make informed choices about where and what they eat
- regulation is effective, risk-based and proportionate, is clear about the responsibilities of food business operators, and protects consumers and their interests from fraud and other risks
- enforcement is effective, consistent, risk-based and proportionate and is focused on improving public health
The full strategy can be found at the link below.


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> JRI-Poland - Lesko
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text: We examined the relationships of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) to agricultural land uses in the Virginia Piedmont during _PHONE_. Bobwhite were censused and the associated habitat components quantified at 121 roadside census stations. Relative quail densities decreased (P < 0.05) from 1986 to 1987. A multiple regression model (R2 = 0.43) relating relative density of quail at stations to adjacent habitat found positive (P < 0.10) relationships for fallow croplands and other miscellaneous, uncommon cover types, and negative (P < 0.10) relationships for mown lawns and 3 variables describing dense, woody canopies. Management recommendations are to emphasize maximizing the number of different edges present and number of fallow fields in early successional stages. Cultivation of field borders and comers, waterways, and other idle areas should be discouraged.


text: Hello, I'm doing an MSc project concerned with the treatment of plastic polymers with an μ-APPJ. I have been getting a tonne of results on different plastics using an APPJ of He carrier gas with an Oxygen admixture of 1/2, 1 & 2%. However, in my analysis I'm unsure of what the dispersive component of the surface energy is and why it more or less stays the same. Can someone give me a definition of what it is? I think its to do with van der waals but nothing on the net is giving me a good answer. Is it supposed to stay the same irrespective of whether the material has been heated up or its polar component increases? How would I interpretate my data on the surface energies for example: For convention, -5mins to 0mins is the 5minutes of plasma treatment. I'm not measuring the plastic during this time, hence the constant values and the discontinuity when I first measure it after treatment. This is one of my preliminary results with Acetate plastic. Treated 1 run with He gas, 2nd run with He + O2. The legend will tell you. The dispersive components stay relatively the same, why?


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- 5 mins read
|The article below follows on from our series of seminars for Junior Land Buyers. Click here to read the previous article.|
The adoption of highways and associated drainage built as part of new development requires careful consideration early on in the process. Unexpected issues relating to land ownership and unforeseen Local Highway Authority ('LHA') requirements frequently arise and can have a severe impact on the timely delivery of schemes. In this article, we discuss the key stages in the adoption process that lead to highways becoming maintainable at public expense and the most common pitfalls that occur during the process.
There are a variety of methods through which a highway can be adopted. In the context of new development and where the subsoil of the proposed highway is owned by the developer, the most popular mechanism used by LHAs is to enter into an agreement under Section 38 of the Highways Act 1980 ('s.38 HA 1980').
s.38 HA 1980 gives LHAs the power to adopt new highways by agreement, it also places a duty on LHAs to maintain adopted highways at public expense and provides for payment to LHAs for highway works and their maintenance. The developer must construct streets to an agreed standard, having secured technical approval of the LHA to the designs. The s.38 agreement sets out the obligations of the developer to construct the streets and to maintain them for a set period (normally 12 months). Following the satisfactory discharge of these obligations, the new streets are automatically dedicated as public highway and are maintainable at the public expense.
Highway Drainage Adoption
Normally an agreement under s.38 HA 1980 will show the extent of the works to be carried out prior to adoption and this will normally include the highway drainage works.
Once the highway is adopted pursuant to s.38 HA 1980, the highway, together with the materials and scrapings (i.e., surface material) of it, vests in the ownership of the LHA although this does not include the subsoil which remains in the ownership of the person dedicating the land as highway. Consequently, highway drains constructed as part of the work in the s.38 agreement will normally vest in the LHA. The LHA has a statutory duty to maintain the highway and highway drains.
- Developers should satisfy themselves that the approved drawings submitted as part of the s.38 application are accurate. In particular, that the proposed highway (usually outlined on the approved drawings) meets the existing highway and there is no gap where the two meet. Failure to do so could result in the LHA refusing to adopt.
- Developers should be satisfied early on that the proposed highway (including margins required to achieve the necessary visibility standards or maintenance of the infrastructure) falls entirely within its ownership or third party owners are able and willing to sign up to the agreement if it does not. Further, that the ownership boundary either meets or extends beyond the existing highway as a developer cannot dedicate land it does not own. In these situations, the road (or footway, cycleway etc) could be adopted under Section 228 of the Highways Act 1980. There is usually an element of commercial risk here, as s.228 requires works to be undertaken before a developer can know for certain that the adoption will be approved and the use of this power by the LHAs is discretionary. However, if it concerns a comparatively small area of land which forms part of a wider scheme of access works the LHA will often agree to it.
- Developers should also be aware that most LHAs will not complete a s.38 agreement until it has received a signed and completed s.104 Agreement which confirms any drainage/sewer network that falls outside of the proposed highway boundary have been adopted by the local sewerage authority. In addition, a sewer or drain that is vested in a water and sewerage company by an agreement under section 104 of the Water Industry Act 1991 will not be the responsibility of the LHA, even if the highway drains into them. Consequently, if drainage was provided for the purpose of draining the highway as part of the works to provide the highway adopted under the s.38 agreement, the drains should be included as part of the adopted highway and maintained by the LHA. The LHA, however, does not have any rights to access third party land to carry out any maintenance and any such access would have to be agreed by the landowner (usually by entering into a Deed of Easement). Highway drains will normally drain into a public sewer under the highway which is maintained by the sewerage undertaker which has powers to carry out works to maintain that sewer. However, discharge rights will usually be required if highway water outfalls into a private system.
- Areas proposed for adoption should include any specific design features such as regulatory signs, street lighting and speed restraint points at the design approvals stage.
- It is becoming more common that areas of land initially under the control of the developer at the time the s.38 agreement is signed are then subsequently sold off to house buyers. The developer cannot therefore dedicate such areas as publicly maintainable highway. The developer should negotiate as soon as possible with house owners for these areas to be dedicated to prevent lengthy delays.
- Finally, there may be issues relating to safety audits that are required during various stages of the s.38 process. Developers should ensure that they appoint the required highway safety auditor in good time to prevent any delays to adoption.
|Ashfords run a series of seminars for anyone involved in the world of real estate development who would like to learn more about the legal process behind the deals. The seminars are led and organised by our team of residential development solicitors, providing an opportunity to share knowledge and build lasting connections in an informal and friendly environment. Here are a list of future seminars for Junior Land Buyers, please let us know if you would like to receive notification of these events.|


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To create a new sequence:
On the Sequences page, click the New sequence button. In the Create a sequence popup, select the From template or From scratch option. If you select the first option, you can choose between the templates from Reply and your team templates (in case you have team templates).
If you have selected the From scratch option, click the Add Sequence Step button to create the first step in your sequence.
The pop-up window appears. Here you can easily switch between the different types of steps by combining them in the order that best suits your workflow:
In this step, you will be working with the Sequence Wizard:
While creating sequence steps, you can do a variety of operations with them:
Reorder steps within the sequence using drag-n-drop
Add and pause A/B variants to the Email steps
Set up a step delay
For more details on how to manage sequence steps, refer to this article.
After you have created all the necessary steps, click Next to select the campaign schedule. Here you can select an existing sending schedule or create a new one:
Add contacts to your sequence by clicking the Add People button. You can upload contacts from a.csv file, add existing contacts, or create them manually:
In the next step, you can set up the sequence settings. It is important to understand Manual and Automatic handling of Call and Task steps as well as Max Daily Prospects Throttling.
The Launch step provides you with an overview of the sequence. From here you can Save or Save & Launch the sequence, or jump to any step of the Sequence Wizard:
Note: Alternatively, you can create a sequence instantly from a template.


Skip to content
Multicast Receiving
Flussonic can ingest video sent as multicast over UDP MPEG-TS and UDP RTP.
To ingest multicast, Flussonic has to send an IGMP request to join the multicast group at the right network interface.
In the simplest case you'll need to create a stream, give it a name and add a source of the form udp://239.0.0.1:1234
stream example {
 url udp://239.0.0.1:1234;
}
MPEG-TS ingest
Contents:
Selecting a network interface
A server receiving multicast usually has more than one network interface. For example, it may have one network card connected to LAN and used to receive video, and the other one connected to the Internet and used to serve clients via HLS or HTTP MPEGTS.
The WAN interface often goes first and Flussonic will send its IGMP requests to this interface by default and therefore will not receive video.
To explicitly specify which interface must be used to receive multicast, you need to add the server's IP address of this interface or use interface name.
For example, if eth2 has the address 10.100.200.3, then the URL will look like this:
stream example {
 url udp://239.0.0.1:1234/10.100.200.3;
}
Using the interface name the URL will look like this:
stream example {
 url udp://eth2@239.0.0.1:1234;
}
MPTS ingest
To ingest a multiprogram transport stream (MPTS), create streams, add a multicast group as the source and specify program IDs:
stream origin {
 url file://vod/epg.ts;
 push udp://239.0.0.1:1234;
}
stream example1 {
 url udp://239.0.0.1:1234 program=909;
}
stream example2 {
 url udp://239.0.0.1:1234 program=2002;
}
Learn more
Operating system tuning
Linux default settings do not allow ingesting video via UDP without loss, so you have to significantly increase the size of network buffers.
See detailed instructions on tuning the Linux network subsystem in Performance.
Note that to ingest HD video the recommended buffers size is about 16MB.
Multicast ingest issues
If you have any problems with the quality of ingested video, you should try to find what the problem is.
First of all, remove all iptables rules: iptables -F.
Disable the rp filter:
sysctl -w 'net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter=0'
and
sysctl -w 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=0'
Change eth0 to real interface if it differs.
Second, note that when you watch video with Flussonic, many factors affect its quality: the signal quality, ingest quality, the server preformance, and the performance of your network. So the problem probably is not caused by Flussonic Media Server. Now let's try to find the source of problems.
If you run:
/opt/flussonic/contrib/multicast_capture.erl udp://239.0.0.1:1234/10.100.200.3 output.ts
and record 30 seconds of video, copy it to your computer and watch that video in VLC, then you will get an actual quality of multicast received by the server. This script does not extract the MPEG-TS but writes raw multicast to disk.
If at this stage you got a nice smooth video, you can go ahead and run this command on the server itself:
curl -o output.ts http://127.0.0.1:80/example/mpegts
You will receive the video that was ingested by Flussonic, unpacked and packed back in MPEG-TS. Download this file to your computer and watch it locally to make sure that the quality of your network connection does not affect the experiments.
If at this stage the video is also good, but when viewing from Flussonic it freezes, the problem most likely is that your network connection bandwidth is not enough to transfer video smoothly from Flussonic to you.
Issues with switches
Sometimes the settings of a network switch can cause issues. For example, one client had a problem with the limit on the number of received channels. It turned out that there was a limit on the number of subscriptions on one port. You can check this limit with the command:
#debug igmp snooping all
If you see this message:
%Jun 25 15:12:18 2015 SrcIP is 192.168.121.2, DstIP is 226.2.1.16
%Jun 25 15:12:18 2015 Groups joined have reached the limit, failed to add more groups
You can fix the problem by raising the limit:
#ip igmp snooping vlan XX limit group <1-65535>
Headend problems
We have faced issues with group addresses on some headends.
We recommend using group addresses from 239.1.1.1 and higher. Lower addresses might not work sometimes.


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I've been working on some artwork pieces that use text as predominate shapes in the work. I decided to try and work on these in Illustrator as I could affect the letter shapes more and they remain vector graphics.
However I really struggle with resizing wotk to a different print size or ttiling an image for repetition inIllustrator. If I place the image as a linked or embedded, it remains a smart object and is still a vector graphic, right? What happens if I start to scale it or otherwise adjust? Is it converted to a raster image
Maybe this will help you understand what is being done. All smarts object are not vector smart objects. Those that are vector smart object have Vector file object like .svg and .ai files. There are no vector in Photoshop for these layers. Those object are create and update using vector applications like Adobe Illustrator. Normally smart object layers are resize scaled via Interpolation. The exceptions are vector smart object those the smart object have vector file object these are processed using vector graph to render pixels for the scaled layer size. There are no vector in Photoshop for vector smart object. The vectors are in the object vector image file. The .svg or .ai file. Photoshop does not support vector image files formats. Photoshop is a pixel editor with some vector tools. Shape layers and text layers are vector layers. Photoshop can export vector .svg file for a shape layers. Only vector smart object layers and vector photoshop layer are scaled via vector graphics. You can Import vector file into Photoshop. However, they will be imported as a single raster layer there no vector in Photoshop for the imported image the layer is not a vector layer its an normal raster layer
So, if I make a file in Illustrator, and then in Photoshop, I "place linked" and select that .ai file, it is imported as avector smart object- correct? So then if I scale that layer, it scales as vector graphic, correct?


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September 2, 2021 Virtual Launch 2:00 Pm EST, 7:00 PM Ireland 170 years after the Great Hunger, comes a book recording the achievements of people who were willing to sacrifice their lives to help the starving, powerless poor of Ireland. They are a diverse group, ranging from kindly landlords to pioneering doctors. They include visitorsRead more..
Posts Tagged 'Maureen Murphy'
Professor Maureen Murphy developed the New York State Great Hunger Curriculum and is historian of The Hunger Memorial in New York City. She reflects on teaching the Irish Famine, the Hunger Memorial, and the role of women such as Asenath Nicolson in alleviating hunger and homelessness in the past and present. Please join us for aRead more..
The Irish surname Murphy is a modern form of the ancient Irish name O'Murchadha, which means "descendant of sea warrior," from the Gaelic muir, meaning "sea," and cath, meaning "battle." And, true to the clan's moniker, the Murphys have traveled and battled far and wide. It'sthe most widespread surname in Ireland, and according to theRead more..
The Irish Hunger Memorial was re-opened in late July 2017 after a year-long, $5.3 million renovation. The structure had suffered extensive water infiltration, particularly from 2012's Hurricane Sandy, which it had not been equipped to handle in its original state. The restoration cost $4.5 million more than the initial placement of the structure, which was unveiledRead more..
Irish studies scholar Maureen Murphy will lead the Lower Manhattan Historical Society's second annual Fourth of July parade. ℘℘℘ The Lower Manhattan Historical Society will celebrate American and Irish independence alike this weekend with a series of events in and around Battery Park. Assisting the society in running these activities will be the Consulate ofRead more..
Three Americans received Irish Presidential Distinguished Service Awards on December 3rd last year. Tom Moran is a hugely successful businessman and a well-respected humanitarian. Born on Staten Island to Irish American parents, he is the chairman of Mutual of America, and Concern Worldwide (U.S.) and a noted philanthropist when it comes to Irish causes. HeRead more..
Actor Gabriel Byrne, businessman Tom Moran, solicitor Gareth Peirce, and author Mario Vargas Llosa are among the recipients of the Presidential Distinguished Service Awards for the Irish Abroad for 2015. The awards were announced in September by Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Charlie Flanagan. "We owe a huge debt of gratitude to these remarkableRead more..
Maureen Murphy explores the seldom-told story of the third-class Irish passengers on board the doomed RMS Titanic – some were survivors, others were heroes and victims. There has been no disaster in the twentieth century quite like the sinking of the Titanic. It was peacetime; the weather conditions were perfect; the ship was the measureRead more..


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During the last 30 years, Rhine water quality has distinctly improved. The ICPR rescue packages focusing on water protection interests of all states in the Rhine watershed massively reduced former vast inputs of noxious substances. Today, 96 % of the population are connected to municipal wastewater treatment plants. In 1985, only 85 % were connected.
However, a few substances are still detected in too high concentrations in water or suspended matter.
The table of results concerning substances and substance groups shows that, according to measures at the international monitoring stations, few substances did not achieve the ICPR target value. Substances still posing a problem are above all due to wide diffuse inputs into the Rhine, not to point sources.


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Forced Labour _PHONE_. Memory and History
The online archive "Forced Labor _PHONE_" commemorates the more than twenty million people who were forced to work for Nazi Germany. The archive contains 590 life story interviews with former prisoners of concentration camps, prisoners of war and 'civilian' forced laborers. In addition to the audio and video interviews, the collection contains transcripts, photos, documents and additional accompanying materials. On the project website you can find background information on forced labor, the collection, the project and educational material. In 2016, the German version of online application "Learning with Interviews" went online, which takes the interviews to the classrooms.


text: In Greenville, New Hampshire, a small town in the southern part of the state, Henri Vaillancourt makes birch-bark canoes in the same manner and with the same tools that the Indians used. The Survival of the Bark Canoe is the story of this ancient craft and of a 150-mile trip through the Maine woods in those graceful survivors of a prehistoric technology. It is a book squarely in the tradition of one written by the first tourist in these woods, Henry David Thoreau, whose The Maine Woods recounts similar journeys in similar vessel. As McPhee describes the expedition he made with Vaillancourt, he also traces the evolution of the bark canoe, from its beginnings through the development of the huge canoes used by the fur traders of the Canadian North Woods, where the bark canoe played the key role in opening up the wilderness. He discusses as well the differing types of bark canoes, whose construction varied from tribe to tribe, according to custom and available materials. In a style as pure and as effortless as the waters of Maine and the glide of a canoe, John McPhee has written one of his most fascinating books, one in which his talents as a journalist are on brilliant display.


influence the composition of the gut microbiota.
Minimize Use & Maximize Distance
A schematic illustration the cross talk between human ...
Modern gadgets, especially those that can connect to other devices or the internet via Bluetooth, cellular, and WiFi, emit a massive amount of EMF. And the reality is, at any given time, were surrounded by any number of these devices exposing us to their EMF emissions.
This is why we recommend minimizing your tech use and maximizing your distance from EMF-emitting gadgets.
And the best part is, there are many ways you can employ these two rules in your life without giving up tech use. For instance, you can turn off your WiFi router at night and mitigate a considerable amount of unnecessary EMF exposure. And for maximizing distance, you can simply stop carrying your phone in your pocket or your bra.
Visit my Healthy Living Tips page to learn more about how you can minimize your tech use and maximize your distance without negatively impacting your enjoyment of modern technology.
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Spending time indoors during childhood ups risk of developing multiple sclerosis
Low levels of sun exposure throughout childhood appears to be associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) in adulthood, a study reports. Notably, the risk is greatest in those who spend most time indoors and use sun protection frequently in their limited time outdoors.
The study included 2,251 MS patients and 4,028 non-MS controls enrolled in the Environmental Risk Factors in MS (EnvIMS) study. The participants provided data on their sun exposure behaviours for 5-year age intervals from birth, with the study focusing on the first three age intervals (≤15 years).
Researchers compared two conceptual life course epidemiology models that can be used to explain disease aetiology: the critical period and accumulation models. The critical period model suggests the existence of a time period during which an individual is susceptible to exposures that determine disease risk, whereas the accumulation model suggests that longer duration of exposure time heightens the risk of disease in individuals irrespective of when exposure occurs.
Based on the results, the accumulation model emerged as the best model, which demonstrated that the lowest vs highest sun exposure at all three age intervals yielded a nearly 50-percent increased risk of MS (risk ratio [RR], 1.47; 95 percent CI, 1.24–1.74).
On latent class analysis, the highest risk of MS was observed in the group of individuals with low sun exposure during both summer and winter and high sun protection use than in the group with high sun exposure and low sun protection use (RR, 1.76; 1.27–2.46).
The findings underscore the importance of promoting balanced safe sun exposure practices tailored to specific populations in order to reduce disease burden, especially in countries and cultures where children spend a lot of time indoors, researchers said.


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How Long Will My RV Battery Last in Storage?
RV owners often face the dilemma of how long their batteries will last while their vehicles are in storage. It's crucial to ensure your RV battery remains in good condition during periods of inactivity to avoid potential damage and maintain its longevity. In this article, we'll discuss how long an RV battery can last in storage and provide some tips to extend its lifespan.
Factors Affecting Battery Life
The type of battery in your RV will have a significant impact on its lifespan in storage. Lead-acid batteries, for example, may lose their charge more quickly compared to lithium-ion batteries.
Extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold, can affect the performance and lifespan of your RV battery. It's essential to store your RV in a climate-controlled environment to mitigate the impact of temperature on the battery.
Regular maintenance and proper care can also play a role in determining how long your RV battery will last in storage. Neglecting maintenance tasks such as cleaning and topping off electrolyte levels can lead to a shorter battery lifespan.
How Long Will the Battery Last?
The duration for which an RV battery can last in storage varies based on several factors, as highlighted above. In general, a fully charged battery can typically maintain its charge for about 1-6 months, depending on the battery type, temperature, and maintenance.
Tips to Extend Battery Life
Use a Battery Tender
Investing in a battery tender or maintainer can help keep your RV battery charged and in good condition during storage. These devices automatically monitor and maintain the optimal charge level for the battery, preventing overcharging or undercharging.
Disconnect the Battery
If possible, disconnecting the battery during storage can prevent parasitic drains and preserve its charge. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for disconnecting and reconnecting the battery to ensure proper reinstallation.
Regular Checks and Maintenance
Periodically checking the battery's charge level and performing necessary maintenance tasks, such as cleaning and inspecting for damage, can help prolong its lifespan and ensure it's ready for use when you're ready to hit the road again.
Ultimately, the duration for which an RV battery can last in storage is influenced by various factors. By understanding these factors and implementing proactive measures to preserve the battery's condition, RV owners can ensure their batteries remain in good working order and ready for use when needed.
For more information and professional assistance with RV battery storage and maintenance, don't hesitate to contact our team. We're here to help you keep your RV battery in top condition, no matter how long it's in storage.