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Find a Bird
Olive-sided Flycatcher
Contopus cooperi
Olive-sided Flycatcher
 - Very local and strongly declining
 - Conservation action urgent
 "Our recluse is pugnacious; his mate is company enough, and he defends an exclusive territory against any interloping male of the same species." Edward Howe Forbush, Birds of Massachusetts and Other New England States
Olive-sided Flycatchers are rare breeders in Massachusetts, and areas where they can be found are reminiscent of the boreal swamps far to our north. The males sing and hawk insects from conspicuous perches in tall snags, and their three-note song (hip-THREE-cheers, or quick-THREE-beers if you prefer) is distinctive. Boreal spruce bogs with some dead standing wood are the preferred habitat of Olive-sided Flycatchers, and there are only a few places in the Bay State today where they may be reliably encountered.
Historic Status
The Olive-sided Flycatcher once had a wide breeding distribution in the state, and it is one of the species in the state with the most reduced breeding footprint. In 1830, both Thomas Nuttall (Cambridge) and John James Audubon (Brookline) found nesting Olive-sided Flycatchers in eastern Massachusetts (Howe & Allen 1901), a phenomenon nearly inconceivable to us today. Nuttall, in fact, named the species, and for a time it carried the Linnaean name Nuttallornis borealis. By 1858, the species was found breeding in Lynn, and it continued to nest, if only irregularly, in the Boston area until the 1870s (Howe & Allen 1901). Thereafter, it rapidly vanished from the region, retreating to the pine barrens of Plymouth and Barnstable Counties and the higher hills in the western half of the state (Howe & Allen 1901). Soon, it abandoned the southeastern corner, and shortly after the beginning of the twentieth century almost exclusively confined itself to areas west of the Connecticut River (Forbush 1927). William Brewster opined that "the birds which formerly bred in eastern Massachusetts represented an overflow from other and more congenial summer haunts to which they have since returned" (Brewster 1906).
Atlas 1 Distribution
Boreal spruce bogs have always been a rare habitat type in Massachusetts, but Olive-sided Flycatchers still persisted at a handful of breeding localities in Atlas 1. The Taconic Mountains and Marble Valleys had several occupied blocks, but the Berkshire Highlands region was the center of the Olive-sided Flycatcher's thin Massachusetts distribution. More than half of all breeding records came from this region's high-altitude wetlands. The only other place in the Commonwealth where breeding Olive-sided Flycatchers were found was Mount Watatic at the northern edge of the Worcester Plateau.
Atlas 2 Distribution and Change
Olive-sided Flycatchers moved further toward extirpation in Massachusetts by Atlas 2. Not a single Confirmed instance of breeding was reported anywhere in the state, and the only Probable report came from the Berkshire Transition, where there had been no breeding evidence in Atlas 1. The Berkshire Highlands were still host to more Olive-sided Flycatcher sightings than any other region, but, where it was formerly present in 11 blocks, it was this time recorded in only 5.

Atlas 1 Map
bba1 map
Atlas 2 Map
bba2 map
Atlas Change Map
change map

Ecoregion Data

Atlas 1
Atlas 2
Change
Ecoregion
# Blocks
% Blocks
% of Range
# Blocks
% Blocks
% of Range
Change in # Blocks
Change in % Blocks
Taconic Mountains
1
6.3
5.9
0
0.0
0.0
-1
-6.7
Marble Valleys/Housatonic Valley
2
5.1
11.8
2
5.1
18.2
0
0.0
Berkshire Highlands
11
20.0
64.7
5
9.1
45.5
-7
-13.2
Lower Berkshire Hills
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
Vermont Piedmont
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
Berkshire Transition
1
2.6
5.9
2
5.0
18.2
1
3.2
Connecticut River Valley
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
Worcester Plateau
2
2.6
11.8
2
2.3
18.2
-1
-2.1
Lower Worcester Plateau
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
S. New England Coastal Plains and Hills
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
Boston Basin
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
Bristol and Narragansett Lowlands
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
Cape Cod and Islands
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0
0.0
Statewide Total
17
1.8
100.0
11
1.1
100.0
-8
-1.0

Notes
The Olive-sided Flycatcher shows a significant decreasing Breeding Bird Survey trend in the Eastern US overall.
Breeding Bird Survey Chart


GHCJS Examples
View the Project on GitHub bergey/gooey
GHCJS Examples
Hello World example, uses the bare minimum of functions from ghcjs-dom to get text into the browser window.
Only slightly more elaborate than =hello=, sets a large chunk of static HTML, and then selects several elements by id.
Use hamlet and blaze-html to create the inner HTML content.
Use ghcjs-dom to read from an input field and echo the value to a paragraph..
Like echo, but register a callback on a button, and only update the paragraph when the button is pressed. This is the simplest example with a callback.
A countdown timer using an MVar event queue to tie the knot. Callbacks on DOM elements add events to the queue. A single Haskell thread pops events from the queue and updates the (global) state. A render function is called in a loop by requestAnimationFrame and updates the DOM based on the global state. This is the simplest example with an event queue.
Uses diagrams-ghcjs and ghcjs-canvas to render to a Canvas element. Also uses ghcjs-jqueryto setup the initial DOM. There's probably a better way without jquery, however.
Uses ghcjs-canvas to render a bouncing ball.
Uses diagrams-ghcjs to render a bouncing ball.
Uses diagrams-reflex to render a circle, and respond to clicks on the circle. The counter should update only when the circle is clicked, not when other parts of the SVG are clicked.
Uses diagrams-reflex to render a circle at the current mouse position. Uses the mouse position event streams associated with each Diagram by diagrams-reflex.


text:
Earnings and labour market volatility in Britain, with a transatlantic comparison
We contribute new evidence about earnings and labour market volatility in Britain over the period 1992–2008, for women as well as men, and provide transatlantic comparisons. (Most research about volatility refers to earnings volatility for US men.) Earnings volatility declined slightly for both men and women over the period but the changes are not statistically significant. When we look at labour market volatility, i.e. also including individuals with zero earnings in the calculations, there is a statistically significant decline in volatility for both women and men, with the fall greater for men. Using variance decompositions, we demonstrate that the fall in labour market volatility is largely accounted for by changes in employment attachment rates. We show that volatility trends in Britain, and what contributes to them, differ from their US counterparts in several respects.
Volume and page numbers
30 , 201 -211
Albert Sloman Library Periodicals *restricted to Univ. Essex registered users*; Appears in Special Section articles on "What determined the dynamics of labour economics research in the past 25 years? edited by Joop Hartog and and European Association of Labour Economists 25th Annual Conference, Turin, Italy, 19-21 September 2013 Edited by Michele Pellizzari

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Skip to main content
14 May 2015
I've been fascinated for a while by the idea of generative poetry. Recently I started tinkering with it myself, and my first experiment is working well enough that I've set it up as a Twitter bot: _USER_, tweeting randomly generated hymn stanzas in the style of Isaac Watts, such as this (ethically and theologically dubious!) example:
with solemn fear, with deep
repentance drown mine eyes
to god most holy, just and true,
but deal in theft and lies.
Watts is hardly a household name anymore, unless you're a Protestant church musician or a Sacred Harp singer, but in his own way he was one of the most influential poets in the English language. He wrote hymns for church use, including English translations of many of the Psalms. His best-known poems include Joy to the World, O God Our Help in Ages Past, and This is the Day the Lord Has Made.
Watts's writing has a few features that make it especially convenient for this sort of project:
 1. His poems have extremly consistent meter. The majority are in Common Meter (also known as "what Emily Dickinson wrote in" or "that kind of stanza that you can sing to the tune of the Gilligan's Island theme song"), and nearly all the rest are in some other iambic meter.
 2. Within his poems, the meter is extremely regular. This sets him apart from the other famous Common Meter author, Emily Dickinson, whose poetry stretches the rules quite a bit.
 3. He was incredibly prolific, credited with over 750 hymns.
 4. He revisits the same imagery again and again in his poems — mostly themes from the Bible and from nature.
The first two features make his poetic meter very easy for a computer to imitate. The next two solve some problems with data sparseness that come up when you try to generate text from a limited corpus.
The easiest way to generate semi-coherent text is using a Markov chain. The algorithm looks like this:
 1. Choose a corpus — a source text that you want to imitate.
 2. Start with a single, randomly chosen word — call it w[1]
 3. Given a word w[n-1], generate the next word w[n] by consulting the corpus: find words which are present after w[n-1] in the corpus, and choose one of them randomly.
Step 3 can be repeated as long as you like, and the generated text can be made more realistic by considering longer sequences of words. For instance, you might generate w[n] based on w[n-3:n].
Poetry raises two extra challenges: meter and rhyme.
Dealing with meter
English poetry requires stressed and unstressed syllables to alternate in a particular pattern. We need some way to make this alternation happen in the text we generate.
One way to do this would be to use a pronouncing dictionary, like CMU's free one. The CMU dictionary tells you, for any English word, how it is broken up into syllables, and which syllables count as stressed. You can use it to require stressed and unstressed syllables to alternate in a particular way in your generated text. (The easiest way is by trial and error: if the word you choose randomly in step 3 doesn't fit the meter, throw it away and choose a different one.)
The way I did it in this project is slightly different. My algorithm keeps track of its location in the line of poetry it is generating, measured by how many syllables it is away from the beginning of the line. It uses this information in choosing random words. For instance, if it is choosing a word that will start on the third syllable of a line, it looks for words that Watts used on the third syllable of one of his lines, and chooses randomly from among those words.
This only works because of Watts's incredibly regular meter. It turns out that, for instance, the third syllable in a line of Watts's poetry is always unstressed — and the fourth syllable is always stressed, and so on. If there were any variation there, this trick would fail.
This trick also turns out to do a very good job of imitating one of the most recognizable qualities of Watts's poetry: its very square, stodgy character, which comes from starting and ending sentences almost exclusively at the beginnings and ends of lines. (In English-major terms: he used very little enjambment.) Here's an example _USER_ poem showing off this property.
for thou alone dost wondrous things,
for thou alone dost thou not raise.
my panting heart cries out for god;
my god! how wondrous are his ways!
On the other hand, it also makes it harder to generate complete poems. The algorithm often paints itself into a corner, ending up with no way to go forward because there are too few possible words that occur after a specific word combination and on a specific syllable. In the twitterbot version, I've relaxed this constraint, so that it only tracks whether it is on an even or an odd syllable. This raises the rate of enjambment some, as in the example below, but makes it harder for the algorithm to get bogged down.
nor shall my head be lifted high
above their utmost rage, and face
a sojourner below, as all
my trust; thou hast preserved my face
Dealing with rhyme
The easiest way to deal with rhyme is to generate text backwards.
You can make rhyming poetry while generating text forwards, but you end up wasting a lot of effort. If you want to generate a rhyming couplet, what you have to do is generate two whole lines of poetry — and then throw the second one out and generate it all over again if it does not rhyme with the first. Generating and throwing away whole lines of poetry makes the process slow.
Working backwards means less wasted effort. Here's how you generate a rhyming couplet backwards. First, generate the second line. Then, start choosing possible words for the end of the first line. If the word you choose does not rhyme, throw it out and choose another one. Because you're only generating and throwing away a single word, and not a whole line, the process runs faster.
(But how do you tell if two words rhyme? Here, again, the CMU pronouncing dictionary comes to the rescue.)
Lessons learned
The thing that surprised me most was that such a dumb algorithm could work so well. (This is a common surprise in natural language processing — to the point that it probably shouldn't surprise anyone anymore. And yet it does!) I'd expected that the trick of keeping count of syllables would fail miserably, but thought that seeing how it failed could be interesting. Instead, it worked well enough to keep, and I was spared the task of coming up with some deeper analysis of Watts's meter.


Digitaly extended fine art prints
The photographs from the NewBorn series are digitally extended. To experience them, install the Artivive app on your phone or tablet. Open the app and point your phone or tablet at the photographs to make them come to life. Enjoy!
The Story
NewBorn is a story about a life change. It's a story about apathy and unwillingness to change or start something new. It's a story about a sudden change that can occur in one's mindset or is necessitated by circumstances. It's a story about a journey to discovering a better self and making peace with oneself on both physical and psychological level. It might sound familiar to many. But the story can be read in multiple ways, as a story of overcoming addiction, a story about changing ones opinion or attitude, or a story about understanding the meaning of life and accepting oneself as a natural part of the universe.
Gallery of fine art prints
The Book
NewBorn is a very special book. I've put my heart in creating it and I hope you will like it as much as I do. It is a small limited edition of 100 hand-crafted pieces and the photographs inside are digitally extended.
The photography I create always reflects a contradiction between order and disorder both in the physical world and the state of mind.


precheck && !$tried_precheck && ($retval == 10 || $retval == 11)){ $tried_precheck = 1; } if (!$precheck && !$tried_precheck) { @@ -639,6 +642,16 @@ sub AssignLoop() $impotent = $save_impotent; $tried_precheck = 1; } + # + # If assign failed precheck then no point in continuing, it cannot + # map given the currently free resources. + # + if ($retval == 2) { + return [{type => 'primary', severity => SEV_ERROR, + error => ['assign_precheck_failure']}, + "No progress, giving up."]; + } + # We try a minimum number of times, cause the node pool is # always changing. But once we hit the maxrun, we continue # only if progress on the last loop. @@ -649,7 +662,7 @@ sub AssignLoop() } # See if we made progress or not. # Keep going if we allocated some nodes. - $progress = ($retval == 3); + $progress = ($retval == 11); # A little bit of backoff after failure. my $sval = int(rand($currentrun * 3)) + 3; @@ -902,6 +915,7 @@ sub RunAssign($$) if (waitpid($childpid, &WNOHANG) == $childpid) { $assignexitcode = $? >> 8; + $assignexitcode = -1 if ($assignexitcode == 255); last; } @@ -963,12 +977,13 @@ sub RunAssign($$) # # assign returns two positive error codes (that we care about). # The distinction between them is somewhat murky. An exitval of - # 1 means "retryable" while 2 means "unretryable". The former - # means we can try again, while the later says there is no possible - # way to map it. We pass this back to the caller so that we know - # to exit the loop or try again. + # 1 means "retryable", which means the annealing phase failed, and + # running assign again might produce a valid mapping. 2 means + # the precheck failed and running again will not produce a valid + # result, so no point in trying. Either way, we still want to + # try on the empty testbed once. Any other exit code is bad. # - return (($assignexitcode == 1) ? 1 : -1); + return $assignexitcode; } # # If we were doing the precheck, go ahead and exit now - there is no diff --git a/www/aptui/status.ajax b/www/aptui/status.ajax index a23c3353f..332694572 100644 --- a/www/aptui/status.ajax +++ b/www/aptui/status.ajax @@ -160,15 +160,17 @@ function Do_GetInstanceStatus() "Please try again later.\n\n"; } elseif ($webtask->exitcode() == GENIRESPONSE_MAPPING_IMPOSSIBLE) { - $blob["reason"] = "Your topology cannot instantiated. ". + $blob["reason"] = "Your topology cannot be instantiated. ". "You have most likely asked for hardware that does not exist, ". "such as nodes of a type that are not at the target cluster, ". - "or nodes with too many network interfaces.\n\n"; + "or more network interfaces that exist on any of the nodes ". + "at the target cluster. You will need to modify your profile ". + "or try a different cluster.\n\n"; } elseif ($webtask->exitcode() == GENIRESPONSE_NO_MAPPING) { $blob["reason"] = "Your topology could not be mapped to physical ". "resources. In addition to any information below, you can ". - "click on the 'Sliver' button above, which will provide ". + "click on the 'Logs' button above, which will provide ". "lots of info, some of which might be useful in figuring out ". "why it failed.\n\n"; } @@ -191,8 +193,8 @@ function Do_GetInstanceStatus() # $blob["reason"] = "You are over your disk quota at the target ". "cluster, probably because of too many saved disk images. ". - "Please click on the 'Storage->My Disk Images' above and delete ". - "images you no longer need."; + "Please click on the 'Storage->My Disk Images' above and ". + "delete images you no longer need."; } elseif ($webtask->exitcode() == GENIRESPONSE_STITCHER_ERROR) { # -- GitLab


Ask A Cartographer
Watershed Delineation
August 15 2008 | 0 comments
Is there a resource to look at to follow a pre-described path for delineating a watershed. I was given an assignment that involves calculating the difference between two watersheds that I need to create around two specific points.
Any help would be great.
Mapping Center Answer:
If you have a DEM and if you have the Spatial Analyst extension, then creating a watershed is fairly straightforward. Watershed is one of the Hydrology Tools in the Spatial Analyst toolset of ArcToolbox. Using this tool you can defined as the total area flowing to a given outlet, or pour point. For your analysis, the point points are the two points you need to create watersheds from.
Note that you will get a better result if you first snap your pour points to a cell in your DEM that has higher flow accumulating in it. To do this, use the SnapPour tool before using the Watershed tool. Of course, the results are also a function of the resolution of your DEM.
Once you are done, you can simply multiply the number of cells within the watershed by the size of a cell in area to get the total area of the watershed.
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text:
Bulgarian honey "Странджанскимановмед" (Strandzhanski manov med)/"MaновмедотСтранджа" (Manov med ot Strandzha)is now recognised as protected designation of origin (PDO) in the European Union.
"Strandzhanski manov med", also called "Manov med ot Strandzha" is a dark brown honey produced in the oak forests of Strandzha massif, in the south-east of Bulgaria. Part of the pan European Natura 2000 network of protected areas, the Strandzha massif has relatively high air humidity and mild temperatures due to its proximity to major water basins. Adding this to its paleontological history, local conditions lead to a unique combination of plants reflected in the protected Bulgarian honey.
The honey is collected during the months of June, July and August. This has an impact on the intensity of the colour and the slight acidity and bitterness of the taste, in parallel with the microflora present in the honeydew.
Beekeeping has always been a common activity in the Strandzha region. It is an age-old livelihood, as testified by the bee skeps and stumps which date from the end of the 19th century until today.
Today in Brussels, Agriculture and Rural Development Commissioner Phil Hogan and Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society Mariya Gabriel will hand over the official certificate of registration of the Bulgarian honey to Manol Todorov, Chairman of the "Strandjanski manov honey" Association and Elka Bojilova, Head of department "Quality Schemes" in Ministry of Agriculture.


text:
Congress Authorizes $3 Million for Preservation of Freedmen's Bureau Papers
Congress has authorized an appropriation of $3 million for safeguarding the records of the Freedmen's Bureau. (See the October 2000 Perspectives for the background on this legislation.) The Freedmen's Bureau records document the activities of a federal agency that sought to help freedpeople and war refugees adjust to life after the Civil War and slave emancipation. After considering a $1.5 million appropriation, Congress arrived at the $3 million figure because of the magnitude of the effort required to prepare and microfilm the bureau's records, which total over 1,100 cubic feet.
Rep. Juanita Millender-McDonald (D-Calif.), a sponsor of the Freedmen's Bureau Records Preservation Act of 2000, reminded her congressional colleagues that Congress itself had become "engaged in the overwhelming challenge of moving millions of slaves from bondage to freedom" when it established the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865. The bureau's records are now crucial for African American genealogists, Millender-McDonald argued. She said that just "as ship manifests are the vital link between European-Americans and their European ancestors, the Freedmen's Bureau records are the link for African-Americans to their slave and African ancestors."
Pearl-Alice Marsh, a spokesperson for Millender-McDonald, said preserving the Freedmen's Bureau papers is only the beginning of a much larger effort. Citing decaying paper and fading ink, she said Congress should quickly turn its attention to preserving other Civil War-era records such as the papers of the Freedmen's Bank.
The act designates the National Archives as administrator of the new funds and specifies Howard University and other institutions as partners in the preservation project. Marsh said the archives might choose to work with genealogy groups, historical societies, or other colleges and universities. Howard University, named for Freedmen's Bureau director Oliver Otis Howard, originated in the post-Civil War era as an offshoot of the Freedmen's Bureau.
Reginald Washington, an archivist who specializes in African American genealogical resources at the National Archives, heralded the act as a "win/win situation" that will help the archives in its goals of preserving and disseminating its holdings. Filmed copies of the Freedmen's Bureau papers can be distributed to the archives' regional branches and made available for loan to other institutions.
Several hurdles remain, however. The new act only authorizes funding; if an appropriation is not made this fall, the act will be held over and the appropriation proposed again in 2001. Additionally, staff at the National Archives must stretch to find space to prepare and film the records in a 1930s building stuffed with federal records and undergoing a multiyear renovation.
Kate Masur is a PhD student in American Studies at the University of Michigan and is on the staff of the AHA.
Copyright © American Historical AssociationLast Updated: September 14, 2007 9:40 AM

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


4, b: 2} ➤ 1: Closure (outerFunc) {c: 3, a: 1} ➤ 2: Global {parent: Window, opener: null, top: Window, length: 1, frames: Window, …}
Some of the browsers print a stringify version of object when use console.log() whereas prints object JSON tree when use console.dir(). There is not much difference in printing in advance browsers such as chrome where both methods print object JSON tree.
var obj = {a: 1, b: 2};
console.log(obj);
console.dir(obj);
We see that nothing much different when print object using both methods in chrome browser,
Output
▼ {a: 1, b: 2} a: 1 b: 2 ➤ __proto__: Object ▼ Object a: 1 b: 2 ➤ __proto__: Object
The console.table() method is quite useful to print a large set of data in tabular format to visualize it easily. This method also provides the ability to print a few fields out of those large data sets. When rendered in browser as a table, browser provides the ability to sort the columns of the table.
Let's look at the example where we are logging a large JSON in tabular format,
var personDetails = [
 {
 "_id": "5edbbb78633118f455e877fb",
 "index": 0,
 "guid": "30dd1d2c-5083-4165-8580-5ae734cd0d12",
 "isActive": true,
 "balance": "$1,778.03",
 "picture": "_URL_
 "age": 26,
 "eyeColor": "blue",
 "name": {
 "first": "Anderson",
 "last": "Sargent"
 },
 "company": "MAZUDA",
 "email": "_EMAIL_",
 "phone": "_PHONE_",
 "address": "235 Ashland Place, Chautauqua, Minnesota, 3487",
 "about": "Pariatur nisi cillum culpa aliquip mollit veniam. Laboris in minim non dolor ut deserunt ex sit occaecat irure consequat pariatur esse. Cillum velit dolore enim non enim ipsum aliqua veniam fugiat adipisicing magna mollit occaecat.",
 "registered": "Saturday, April 8, 2017 3:02 AM",
 "latitude": "26.03084",
 "longitude": "-74.869342",
 "tags": [
 "labore",
 "nulla",
 "ea",
 "qui",
 "sunt"
 ],
 "range": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
 "friends": [
 {
 "id": 0,
 "name": "Coleman Nunez"
 },
 {
 "id": 1,
 "name": "Foley Curry"
 },
 {
 "id": 2,
 "name": "Kara Glass"
 }
 ],
 "greeting": "Hello, Anderson! You have 5 unread messages.",
 "favoriteFruit": "apple"
 }
]
console.table(personDetails);
console.table(personDetails, ["age", "eyeColor"]); // print few fields
The below output in tabular format is from chrome browser,
console.table example
Also learn more about console.table() usage in JavaScript
You can print time taken by a code execution by using console.time() before and console.timeEnd() after that particular piece of code. Few pointers:-
 - console.time() and console.timeEnd() methods should have same labels.
 - You can also set up multiple timers by assigning different labels to the method.
 - console.time() and console.timeEnd() are part of the Console API (just like console.log())
Let's see how it works:
console.time('Timer1');
console.time('Timer2');
var items = [];
for(var i = 0; i < 100000; i++){
 items.push({index: i});
}
console.timeEnd('Timer1');
for(var j = 0; j < 100000; j++){
 items.push({index: j});
}

console.timeEnd('Timer2');
Output
Timer1: 13.088134765625ms Timer2: 26.070517578125ms
You can use console.trace() to print a stack trace of method execution flow to the console. Few pointers:-
 - console.trace() is compatible with the snippets feature of Chrome DevTools.
 - console.trace() is part of the Console API (just like console.log())
Let's see how it works:
1 const first = () => { second(); };
2 const second = () => { third(); };
3 const third = () => { fourth(); };
4 const fourth = () => { console.trace("The trace"); };
5 first();
You get @ file_name:line_number in console output which you can click on to navigate to the source.
Output
▼ The trace fourth @ test:4 third @ test:3 second @ test:2 first @ test:1 (anonymous) @ test:5
Use a Unit Testing Framework
There are many third-party unit-testing framework for JavaScript available with their own philosophy and syntax. Here are most widely used JavaScript testing frameworks:-
 - Mocha is feature-rich framework running on Node.js and in the browser, making asynchronous testing simple and fun. Mocha tests run serially, allowing for flexible and accurate reporting, while mapping uncaught exceptions to the correct test cases.
 - JEST is popular framework maintained by Facebook. It is a preferred framework for the React based applications as it requires zero configuration. It works great with projects using Babel, TypeScript, Node, React, Angular, and Vue.
 - Jasmine is a behavior-driven testing framework. It has no external dependencies. It does not require a DOM. And it has a clean, obvious syntax so that you can easily write tests.
 - QUnit is a powerful, easy-to-use JavaScript unit testing framework. It's used by the jQuery, jQuery UI and jQuery Mobile projects and is capable of testing any generic JavaScript code
Thanks for reading till the end. I hope this tutorial would have helped you to find some useful tips for debugging and logging to the console, which you'd not known before.
Reference:
 1. Google Developers Chrome DevTool
Source: Internet
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text:
Model Updating and Uncertainty Management for Aircraft Prognostic Systems
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Agency Tracking Number:
Solicitation Topic Code:
Small Business Information
850 Energy Drive, Idaho Falls, ID, 83401
Socially and Economically Disadvantaged:
AbstractThis proposal addresses the integration of physics-based damage propagation models with diagnostic measures of current state of health in a mathematically rigorous method for the determination of remaining useful life. The principle goal of the proposed Phase I research is the investigation of issues associated with the integration of three independently developed algorithms (physics-based damage progression, diagnostics, and model updating architecture) in a single functioning system. Of particular interest is the ability of the proposed architecture to adequately represent the uncertainty associated with both diagnostic state estimation and loading conditions, and the propagation of such uncertainties to the remaining useful life prediction. The integrated prognostic system will be demonstrated using bearing damage (spallation) propagation models coupled with vibration derived diagnostic measures of spall severity obtained from in house testing. Following V&V of the baseline component-level prognostic system, extension of the existing technology towards support of subsystem-level (multi-model) prognostics will be pursued.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
DMR is an acronym for Digital Mobile Radio.
There are four operational areas to DMR:
The standard defines a two-slot TDMA channel access
method thus allowing two simultaneous voice or data calls on a 12,5kHz radio channel.
DMR was originally designed by ETSI for land mobile, commercial communications in the
66-960MHz band. This is evident in the user interface where numbers are used in lieu
of call signs. DMR modulates with 4FSK, indicating that it uses 4 frequencies
(compared to D-Star with 2 frequencies). This allows to double the data rate to 9600 bit/s.
The higher rate allows the transmission of 2 channels at the same time (2 time slots).
Be aware that you have to enter the talk-group number into the receive group list of many radios too, or your squelch will not open. This is a common error made by first time users and it is very frustrating.
The standard is divided into four chapters:
Australia has two server, located in a data centre somewhere in Australia.
Use the following links to monitor the status of the two core servers responsible for linking all repeaters currently supporting the VK-DMR network.
Talk Group 9, Time Slot 2 has a special use.
TG9-2 is used to dynamically select a specific reflectors. This provides access to the DMRPlus network of reflectors. A list of reflectors may be found at
TG9 on TS1 is local to an individual repeater. TG9 on TS2 is used to link an individual repeater to a reflector. In both situations, you would likely not hear anything unless you happened to be listening to that repeater.
To access reflectors, the radio must also be programmed with the TGs you are attempting to access
TG5000 checks your local repeater status. You then use the reflector number you wish to connect to as the tx TG – i.e. TG4400 for ref 4400.
Once you have connected, use TG9 to communicate via the reflector. TG4000 is used to disconnect your repeater from the reflector, or you can just let the reflector time out. Timeouts are normally set from 10 to 15 minutes after the last communication on that talkgroup.
Description Reflector TS Talk Group DMR DMR+ WWE 4629 2 TG91 2 TG9 VK-DMR 84800 2 TG8 _PHONE_ VK-DMR 84801 2 TG8 3801 4801 UNLINK 84000 UK Call 4400 2 TG2300 UK Chat 4401 2 TG2351 UK Chat 4402 2 TG2352 ????? 9900 2 TG9990 BM AUST 2 TG13 JA??? 2 TG53099
This table shows the North America DMR Talk Groups as defined by DMR-MARC Motorola Amateur Radio Culb) and their mapping to DMRPlus Reflectors. The DMRPlus reflector numbering system is an Open convention agreed upon by various interest groups.
|DMR+ Quebec (French)
|DMR+ USA (English)
|DMR+ Latin America (Spanish)
|DMR+ United Kingdom (English)
|DMR+ South Pacific (English)
|Southern Plains Regional
|Nova Scotia Provincial
|British Columbia Provincial
|New Brunswick Provincial
Examples of option stringsin the Options box on the configuration page: in the Options box on the configuration page.
The VK DMR network supports hotspots. Settings to join the VK-DMR+ Master server for connections into the VK-DMR Network: Dongles/openspot/dv4min 143/153 haven't worked for a while unfortunately. You can use TG9 on slot 2 to connect to any DMR+ reflector.i etc: • Server: he.vkdmr.net • Port: 8880 MMDVM etc • Server: he.vkdmr.net • Port: 55555 DMR+ reflectors are mapped to VK-DMR talk groups as described in the table below. Note that DMR+ reflector 4800 keys TG505 which is every VK DMR repeater. Hotspots can experience network latency due to the nature of the internet connection.
|VK DMR TG
|505 – VK wide
|3801 VK1 ACT
|3802 VK2 NSW
|3803 VK3 VICTORIA
|3804 VK4 QUEENSLAND
|3805 VK5 SOUTH AUSTRALIA
|3806 VK6 WESTERN AUSTRALIA
|3807 VK7 TASMANIA
|3808 slot 2 user activated chat channel
|3809 slot 1 user activated chat channel
Ben Fergus Goes back quite a way.
As far as I know the first amateur DMR network was DMR-Marc.
They started off Motorola only. Hence the name DMR- Motorola Amateur Radio Club.
They were very hostile originally to anything not Motorola. Very much against the general amateur ethos having a closed in system but at the time it was what it was.
Then along came DMR+ which allowed non Motorola repeaters. Hytera and then hotspots etc. It was more the network for experementing in the early days. However at the time you still only had commercial repeaters available so really it was still limited.
At some point DMR-MARC started to allow Hytera repeaters on the network but that was still only 2 commercial choices.
Then the major change was when MMDVM came along. It opened up the option of building a completely home brew repeater.
Around the same time along came Brandmeister and that gave a good network to run our new MMDVM repeaters.
The ethos of Brandmeister is in the name. A complete mix of brands and protocols on a completely open network and giving control to the repeater owners instead of all control being held by the network runners.
For quite a while DMR-MARC ignored Brandmeister and kept their closed ethos. But over time they kept loosing more and more repeaters and users to Brandmeister. Brandmeister grew at a huge rate simply because repeater owners wanted choice that DMR-MARC would not give them. A good percentage of repeaters were new MMDVM repeaters and another good percentage were repeaters poached from MARTC.
At some point VK-DMR forked away from DMR-MARC and I have seen a huge change in their ethos for the better since the split with a much more open network giving users much more choice.
I didn't think much of the VK-DMR network before the changes but since their change in ethos they have made some big changes which I respect.
This is an exciting time in digital radio with more choice than ever and do many avenues to learn and play with.
I have only concentrated on the main networks you will hear about, and it is a limited summary as I typing this on my phone while in a waiting room so I have left a lot out. But hopefully it gives you a bit of an idea of some of the history as I am aware of things.
OpenBridge is an open protocol to link DMR servers. Protocol designed in cooperation between BrandMeister team and Kurt OE1KBC.
OpenBridge is very simple protocol that allows to send call streams between servers.
Protocol is based on MMDVM protocol and supports DMRD packets only.
As with MMDVM hotspots, When using MMDVM repeaters to connect to DMR Plus
talkgroups, use TG8. Then to change reflectors, enter the Private Call
reflector code and transmit for a few seconds. An announcement through
the DMR Gateway will confirm the active reflector.
As a convenience, you can program the codeplug the keypad fast dial keys as follows:
The usual VK-DMR Net time is 0900Z on TG 5/TS1. The Net Controller and Co-ordinator is Peter, VK4NBL
Thanks to the tireless efforts of the co-rdinator, Peter VK4NBL, this net has become a pillar of the VK DMR fraternity in Australia and is very well supported with regular attendances close to the fifty mark.
Watch for announcements on Peters's Facebook page:
Peter selects a topic for discussion for each Tuesday night net and posts this on
The VK DMR Network Facebook Page:
Some local times for the net are:
UTC +8 AWST Australian Western Standard Time Perth Tuesday, 5:00 pm UTC +9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time Darwin Tuesday, 6:30 pm UTC +10 AEST Australian Eastern Standard Time Brisbane Tuesday, 7:00 pm UTC +10:30 ACDT Australian Central Daylight Time Adelaide Tuesday, 7:30 pm UTC +11 AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time Sydney Tuesday, 8:00 pm
IP Site Connect (IPSC) is a vendor specific repeater feature offered by
some manufacturers. Note that MototrboTM repeaters will only
interconnect over the Internet with other MototrboTM repeaters because it
is not part of the ETSI specifications and the manufacturers don't want to
interconnect their infrastructures.
Motorola Solutions MototrboTM IPSC implementation allows up to 15
MototrboTM repeaters operating in DMR mode to be connected on a


prevent screenshots on android
How the screenshot and why?
A display screen seize is a picture, to some diploma like a photo, that a pc takes of the relative multitude of visible matters being proven on a display at one factor on a timetable. A display capture can be applied for pragmatic purposes or amusement, as an example, to seize the activity of a computer game. It is every day for a screen capture potential to be incorporated right into a running framework for simple use. If someone hacked or using our mobile phone, we need to prevent screenshots on android. Because we already had put a lock for half of the apps including the camera. In case the people seem to take screenshots for any reason. So prevention is better than cure. By having an android anti screenshot, we can prevent our details from others and misused by bad people.
The reasons
Display screen captures are probably taken by squeezing the Print screen key in Microsoft home windows.
Display captures might be taken with the aid of squeezing the Print screen key in Microsoft windows.
prevent screenshots on android
Display captures are frequently utilized in educational sporting events, which can be basic showings of a way to run the software. Furthermore, whilst supporting any person distantly with a laptop-associated task or difficulty, display screen captures may be feasible reference apparatuses for displaying the critical advances. The lone occasions wherein a screen capture cannot be taken are simultaneous as the laptop is firing up, and retaining in thoughts that a video is gambling in unique projects which play media.
They can likewise be applied to assist in the investigating of a pc difficulty. For example, a difficulty, in particular in Microsoft® windows® may additionally cause a blunder message to be shown. A blunder message may incorporate an alphanumeric code alluding to the problem. At the point, while the blunder message indicates up on display, a screen capture might be taken, which might then be capable of being saved in a document and shipped off an assist location. This makes imparting about mistake loads much less complicated.
The most broadly diagnosed operating framework getting used all in the course of the planet is Microsoft® windows®. To take a display capture with this institution of operating frameworks is extremely honest. When you have the image on the display screen that you need to trap, press the Print display key to take a display capture. A photograph of a solitary window can be taken by way of a squeezing Alt+Print display. This pastime will replica a display screen capture to the clipboard, permitting it to be glued as a picture into an image-changing program.
To view and keep the screen size, open up the Paint program below "gildings," below the "tasks" tab inside the starting menu. Whilst its miles open, go to the regulate menu and snap-on Glue. This may place the screen seize in the application, and it'd then be capable of being stored as a GIF type record, which may be perused through any windows® laptop.


Plant and Equipment
Austrak designs and builds all of its own specialist equipment using its production experience to test the equipment in the field. This ensures the equipment is built for reliability, robustness, efficiency as well as the mandatory parameters of quality and safety. Nevertheless in every production situation each machine is value engineered to ensure that the operation is being done as cost effectively as possible. For example in some countries where labour is less expensive some operations can be done by hand rather than using a dedicated machine.
Broom Oiler Machine: Used to clean and oil the moulds, leveraging the continuous nature of the moulds.
Beds: Frames to house the moulds in the raised and lowered position and provides running rails for the servicing equipment
Moulds: Creates a continuous beam made up of individual sleepers.
Wire Shooter: Sends wire down a track where it is cut to the nominated length.
Wire Trolley: The wire is spooled onto a reel which is used to pay the wire out along the bed efficiently and safely.
Stressing: Hydraulic cylinders, pressure gauges and wire pattern equipment to accurately stress the wires to the correct tension.
Batchplant: The nominated batchmix is generally produced on site to produce the most economical concrete mixture possible.
Casting Machine: The casting machine is designed for maximum vibration to allow the stiffest and therefore most economical concrete mix possible.
Tarpaulin Trolley: Designed for efficient payout of the tarpaulin that allows for low pressure steam curing of the sleepers.
Steam Generators and Control: Steam generators create the steam for injection under the bed. The system is generally PLC controlled for accurate data logging and control to prevent any chance of delayed ettringite formation.
Demoulder: The demoulder removes the moulds from the sleepers and allows the insertion of a bed trolley that supports the sleeper in lieu of the mould. It also gently lowers the mould into the lowered position to prevent damage and ensure long mould life. The demoulder is also used to lift moulds into position once the sleepers are clear in readiness for the next casting.
Bed Trolleys: Bed trolleys support the sleepers once the mould has been removed. The entire trolley/sleeper assembly is then winched into position in readiness for the saw cutting.
Saw: The concrete saw is used to cut the sleepers and rotate the sleepers 180 degrees for inspection. The inspection procedure may use a single line conveyer to allow a single person to inspect and install any fastenings on the sleeper.
Finished sleeper handling: The sleeper is then transferred to a roll bed where it can be collected by either gantries or forklifts. Pack configuration is given special attention so it matches client requirements, negating double handling and improving sleeper quality.
Media Panel
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Documents from Club 100 Files
Several documents were found in the office files that provide additional information about the early days of the Club.
Dr. Katsumi Komentani, a dentist and the 100th's Morale Officer, was considered the key person in purposing and planning a postwar organization for the veterans. His son, Franklin, brought the following document and other items to the clubhouse years after Dr. Kometani had passed away. This preliminary "Charter and By-Laws" looks like it may have been drafted in late 1944 or in 1945:
Preliminary Summary of Charter and By-laws
The success of the Blood Bank Project was summarized in the following article:
Blood Bank Project
The guidelines for the Loan Fund Program appeared in the November 1947 Puka Puka Parade:
Mutual Loan Fund Program
The Objects and Purposes of the Club were included in the program for the 10th anniversary celebration of the battalion's formation.
Purpose of Club 100
Veteran Ben Tamashiro was assigned the task of writing the postwar history of the Club for the 30th Anniversary brochure. His list of the Club's projects and activities illustrate what a dynamic organization had evolved. Each chapter held family nights at the clubhouse. As the veterans retired, more annual events were added to the calendar such as a golf club banquet in January, bonsai show in July, a bowling league party in August, and a green thumb orchid show in November.
Club Activities


text:
Step 1: Design the actuator you have always wanted.
Step 2: Enter the specifications
You will have to manipulate the gap height parameter to find the gap height that gives the best flux density (least power) while not exceeding whatever spatial limitations you might have. As you play with this, you will not that the equations break if you choose this parameter unusually low or high.
Step 3: Machine the stator and bobbin
A couple of tips on this step. Machining a deep pocket in Iron (or soft steel) for the stator is a pain. As a alternative, you may machine a cylinder and a disc. Place the cylinder on a hot plate and the disc in ice water. After the cylinder is at 500 oF and the disc at 30 oF, slam them together using an arbor press (exciting). The bobbin should be made out of aluminum or plastic. Be careful while assembling the magnet and flux puck into the stator cup. It is recommended to machine a guide for the magnet and puck so as to avoid losing digits.
Step 4: Wind bobbin
Wind the magnet wire onto the bobbin. With either a lathe or a bobbin winding machine. Try to keep relatively constant tension on the wire as you wind the coil.
Wrap electrical tape around the finished windings or pot in epoxy.


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What is the minimum real value of $z_0$ for which the following equation has a non-zero solution in $z$?
$$\tan(z) = - \frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left(\dfrac{z_0}{z}\right)^2-1 } }$$
It seems that $z_0 = \frac{\pi}{2}$ is a the threshold but I am unable to prove this.
share|improve this question
Are you sure about min and not inf? – Kaster Feb 25 '13 at 21:11
_USER_ I haven't been very careful about "min" vs "inf". I would like to know what is the answer, however accurately it can be given. – user6818 Feb 25 '13 at 21:37
Answer is $z_0 > \frac \pi 2$, but this set doesn't have min. It has inf though. As for the difference, min is something that belongs to the set, i.e. reachable at some point, whereas inf not necessaryly, it can be outside of the set. Just like this interval -- it doesn't have min, because whatever value you choose as min you'll be able to find the value from the same interval which is less than that so called min. But inf, it is least possible number $m$ s.t. $m \le z, \forall z \in Z$. – Kaster Feb 25 '13 at 22:00
1 Answer 1
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Plot both functions $y = \frac {\tan z}z$ and $y = -\frac 1{\sqrt{z_0^2-z^2}}$ (to better understand both functions' domains). Also let's consider $z>0$ domain, since both functions are even.
enter image description here
So you can see, that second function has vertical asymptote at $x = z_0$, which means it never goes beyond that line. Also, it's always negative. At the same time, $\tan z$ (as well as $\frac {\tan z}z$) is positive, and change its sign only when $z > \frac \pi2$, so the only way to those two function to intersect is when $y = -\frac 1{\sqrt{z_0^2-z^2}}$ function's asymptote lies beyond $\frac \pi2$.
So the answer is - $z_0$ to those two lines defined above to intersect is set $z_0 > \frac \pi2$. This set doesn't have minimum value, but $\inf z_0 = \frac \pi2$.
share|improve this answer
Why are you looking at the function "y= z tan z"? I would think you should look at $y = (tan z)/z" (..if you want to intersect it with "-1/Sqrt(z_0^2 - z^2)"..) – user6818 Feb 26 '13 at 1:31
You're right. I'll fix it soon. It doesn't change answer though, sine it's based on signs. – Kaster Feb 26 '13 at 1:37
I have fixed it. – Kaster Feb 26 '13 at 1:43
I've changed those equations at first because by some reason I thought it's range would be messed up, but it turned out it's not. Anyway, either way is valid. – Kaster Feb 26 '13 at 2:49
Your Answer


Lab for Automated Reasoning and Analysis LARA
About phantm
What is phantm?
phantm is a tool written in Scala that can be used to detect potential programming errors inside PHP applications. It will both work for small isolated script as well as full-blown applications. phantm stands for "PHp ANalyzer for Type Mistakes".
What does it do?
phantm does multiple things: it first parses your php files, then try to resolve both constants and included files, from that point it will do name analysis, ensuring basic language restrictions. From that stage, it will perform data-flow analysis for every scopes in your applications. This data-flow analysis will be focused on checking whether the types of the values are used in a sound way.
How does it do that?
First, a stronger type system have to be used. For instance, not all type juggling should be allowed, since some of them are most of the time a manifestation of a type error. By default, phantm will be picky and report nearly all implicit type conversions. With those rules in place, it will look at the uses of your multiple flowing values and try to reconstruct and refine types. Type refinement is necessary to reduce the number of errors generated as a result of a false positive. For more technical details, check out _URL_
Why do types matter?
PHP type juggles for a reason: most people don't want to care about types. So why should they? To illustrate, let's take two small examples of programming errors that would be avoided with a strong type system:
if ($a & MY_FLAG === 0) {
 // ...
}
In fact, this code is understood by PHP as if ($a & (MYFLAG === 0)). Since & expects two integers, it would have rejected that code as the right hand side is a boolean.
if (strtolower(trim($var) == 'foo')) {
 // ...
}
In this case, we see that the parenthesis closing strtolower is mis-placed. A strong type system would have rejected that, complaining that strtolower expects a string but got a boolean.
Those are not made-up examples to illustrate the point. They are real bugs that phantm found in some PHP applications.

phantm/about.txt · Last modified: 2010/05/04 15:32 by ekneuss


text:
SCienceLab introduces research to pre-college students
In a University of South Carolina laboratory, researchers in white lab coats carefully transfer tiny drops of liquid so they can study their own DNA. Nearby, fellow researchers study genetic disorders, polymer molecules and environmental contaminants.
Such studies are routine experiences for undergraduate and graduate students, but these experiments are being conducted by middleand high-school students, many of whom have never been on a college campus before.
The lab experience is part of SCienceLab, an inquiry-based program designed to augment the science curriculum in middle and high schools and give students a laboratory experience similar to one they would find at college.
Created by biology professor Dr. Bert Ely, SCienceLab recently received a $536,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health. The NIH award, one of only 17 Science Education Partnership Award (SEPA) projects in the United States, puts the university in the company of other prestigious universities, including Cornell, Stanford, Purdue and Tufts.
Established in 2003 with a $700,000 grant from the National Science Foundation, the two-year SEPA project has enabled Ely to continue the SCienceLab offerings for middleand high-school students and expand the program to Furman University, which is offering two SCienceLab classes this fall.


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My long-term goal is to numerically solve the 1D advection-diffusion equation of the form:
$$\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=\frac{\partial }{\partial x}\left( v(x,t) u+D\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}\right)$$
To start I've set set $v(x)$ instead of $v(x,t)$ and I've been using an implicit finite difference method with various upwind approximations (I've tried first order and also second order linear). While the behaviour of the various solutions appears reasonable (and agrees with Matlab's pdepe solver) I've been unable to get conservation of mass, and in all cases the total mass eventually just reduces to 0 (this doesn't happen with Matlab's pdepe).
I'm confident it's not leaking out of my boundaries (I've tried both periodic BC's and Robin BC's), and I'm beginning to think this is a more fundamental problem with my approach.
My question is, is it reasonable to use an upwind-based FDM to solve such a conservation equation, or am I always going to run into conservation-of-mass problems?
share|improve this question
If you give more information around your implementation details then somebody might be able to spot where things are going wrong. – boyfarrell Dec 11 '13 at 23:04
what do you call "mass", an integral of $u$ or something? And why would it be conserved in the presence of diffusion? – chris Dec 12 '13 at 7:45–diffusion_equation this is a conservation equation where a physical quantity (normally "mass") moves under the power of a velocity field (for example gravitational potential) or because of a gradient in concentration. For divergence zero field without and sources or sinks the there is no way to create or destroy the physical quantity so it must remain constant over the domain (boundary conditions permitting). – boyfarrell Dec 12 '13 at 14:15
So you compute "total mass" as $m\equiv\int_x u dx$ and expect $m$ to be constant in time. And you assume that $v(x,t)$ is constant in space (divergence-free in 1D). – chris Dec 12 '13 at 14:46
Hey, thanks for your help! I still couldn't manage to get the upwind method to conserve mass (though I got some really interesting results, for instance, setting the diffusivity to 0 and using the compressible flow-field $v(x)=sin(x)$ on $[0,2\pi]$ we reach a steady state where the (numerical) diffusion balances the inward compressible flow, but with both periodic and Robin BC's we lose exactly half the mass in getting there!) In the end I got this to work with a Lax-Friedrich scheme, and I used an implicit method for modelling the diffusion. – tom Dec 16 '13 at 4:00
3 Answers 3
Use a first order upwind (for the convection component) and a second order central difference (for the diffusion component). So the end result would be equivalent to discretising the equation,
$$ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \frac{\partial \boldsymbol{v}}{\partial x} + D\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2} $$
So using the $\theta$-method you will end up with,
$$ \frac{u_{j}^{n+1} - u_{j}^{n}}{\Delta t} = \boldsymbol{v} \left[ \frac{1-\theta}{2\Delta x} \left( u_{j+1}^{n} - u_{j-1}^{n} \right) + \frac{\theta}{2\Delta x} \left( u_{j+1}^{n+1} - u_{j-1}^{n+1} \right) \right] + \\ D \left[ \frac{1 - \theta}{(\Delta x)^2} \left( u_{j-1}^{n} - 2u_{j}^{n} + u_{j+1}^{n} \right) + \frac{\theta}{(\Delta x)^2} \left( u_{j-1}^{n+1} - 2u_{j}^{n+1} + u_{j+1}^{n+1} \right) \right] $$
where $u^n$ and $u^{n+1}$ terms are the present and future time step, respectively. So a fully implicit scheme would be recovered by setting $\theta=1$ and the Crank-Nicolson by setting $\theta=1/2$.
To solve this equation you need to write as a linear system so group in terms of the solution variable $u$ and move the unknowns and known to different sides and you should be able to solve.
For example, the end result would have the form,
$$ \underbrace{\boldsymbol{A}}_{A}\cdot\underbrace{\boldsymbol{u^{n+1}}}_{x} = \underbrace{\boldsymbol{M}\cdot\boldsymbol{u^{n}}}_{d} $$
$$ \boldsymbol{A}=\begin{pmatrix} 1+2s\theta & -\theta(s + r) & & 0 \\ \theta(r-s) & 1+2s\theta & -\theta (s + r) & \\ & \ddots & \ddots & \ddots \\ & \theta(r-s) & 1+2s\theta & -\theta (s + r) \\ 0 & & \theta(r-s) & 1+2s\theta \\ \end{pmatrix} $$
$$ \boldsymbol{M}=\begin{pmatrix} 1-2s(1-\theta) & (1 - \theta)(s + r) & & 0 \\ (1 - \theta)(s - r) & 1-2s(1-\theta) & (1 - \theta)(s + r) & \\ & \ddots & \ddots & \ddots \\ & (1 - \theta)(s - r) & 1-2s(1-\theta) & (1 - \theta)(s + r) \\ 0 & & (1 - \theta)(s - r) & 1-2s(1-\theta) \\ \end{pmatrix} $$
Finally $\boldsymbol{u^n}$ and $\boldsymbol{u^{n+1}}$ are just column vectors of the solution variable discretised over the space. And very finally, $s=D\frac{\Delta t}{(\Delta x)^2}$ and $r=\boldsymbol{v}\frac{\Delta t}{2 \Delta x}$.
A side note.
For 1D conservation problems you could also consider the finite volume method, it is just as easy to implement. It has some advantages in the fact that the conservative property is preserved to the discretisation level. You have to be a little be careful because discretisation will be come unstable for advection dominated problems so you need to introduce adaptive-upwinding or exponential fitting. For a step-by-step guide see my notes.
share|improve this answer
Thanks for that, I've actually done a very similar thing, but I'm losing mass. I'm in a very similar situation to yourself here:… Did you manage to resolve your troubles by changing your BC's? BTW, your notes are fantastic, I'll definitely try FVM sometme – tom Dec 11 '13 at 5:54
Actually I still don't understand why mass leaves the system in the final figure. The boundary conditions should prevent it, right? When I do the same simulation with the FVM I get conservation, see here… Also note if you use trapezium rule to keep track of your mass you will see it continually change. With the FVM, where you use discretised the integral equations, you can so a simple sum to count the mass. Notice it stays exactly the same over time. – boyfarrell Dec 11 '13 at 6:18
_USER_ figured it out! It's because a Neumann BC applied to the advection-diffusion equation only constrains the diffusion part of the flux; the boundary remains open to the advection component. See here,… – boyfarrell Jan 24 '14 at 0:12
A lot of this will depend on the magnitude of $D$ and mesh size $h$. For pure convection, upwinding works well; however, upwinding ends up too diffusive for $D \approx h$. If $h \ll D$, then upwinding should behave less diffusively, though only will $D=0$ will the upwind scheme show minimal numerical diffusivity. As $D$ increases relative to mesh size, an effective finite difference scheme should transition from upwinding to a central difference scheme (which is optimal for the case $v=0$).
Gresho talks a bit about how upwinded methods are generally over-diffusive, and this same idea is what is used to design stabilized schemes for finite elements (i.e. SUPG, etc). In both cases, respecting the balance between $h$, $D


text:
Dr. Abby Brown, a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, is an enthusiastic and dedicated therapist in Chicago who specializes in the treatment of emerging adult and adult populations who are struggling with eating disorders, anxiety, depression, body image concerns, work/life balance and relationship difficulties.
Abby holds a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Adler University (formerly Adler School of Professional Psychology). Prior to joining Cityscape Counseling, Abby worked and trained in residential, partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient settings, including Eating Recovery Center in Chicago and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, where she treated individuals with eating disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, and co-occurring issues including substance abuse and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Abby completed her doctoral internship at Northwestern University Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS) and clinical training at Purdue University Calumet's Counseling Center, successfully working with university undergraduate and graduate student populations.
Abby utilizes Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Exposure Response Prevention (ERP) in the treatment of her clients. She is in the process of being trained in Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (RODBT), a treatment targeted towards disorders of the emotionally "over-controlled", commonly found in anorexia nervosa and OCD. Abby is thrilled to bring this premier treatment to Cityscape Counseling.


text:
This article is about magical objects in general. For a list with links to articles about specific magical objects, see Category:Magical Objects.
Magical Objects are...
These are objects in which Voldemort stored part of his soul to try to keep himself immortal, so that if he was killed, he would still retain a feeble grasp on life as parts of his soul would be preserved in these objects.
Destroyed in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets the diary contained the living memory of Tom Riddle from when he was a student at Hogwarts, as the heir of Slytherin Tom used the diary's power to get one of the present students Ginny Weasley to open the Chamber of Secrets. once in the Chamber the diary sucked life out of Ginny Weasley to restore himself as Lord Voldermort (anagram of "Tom Marvollo Riddle") this was destroyed with a basalisk tooth's venom causeing the living memory of Tom Riddle to explode and Ginny to regain conciousness
The Resurrection Stone
This was a small stone created by "Death" for the middle brother in the Deathly Hallows. It has the power to bring back the dead if one turns it over thrice in their hand. However, the dead brought back are more like shadows of their old selves. This stone was then in the ring owned by Marvolo Gaunt and then Tom Riddle. Tom Riddle turned it into a horcrux which was later destroyed by Albus Dumbledore. Dumbledore then placed the resurrection stone inside the first snitch that Harry Potter caught and left it to him in his will.
Salazar Slytherin's Locket
Destroyed in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
Rowena Ravenclaw's Diadem
Destroyed in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows It was hidden in the Room of Requirement by Tom Riddle, or Voldemort, in an attempt to secure it. He learned the whereabouts of the diadem by convincing the Grey Lady (Rowena Ravenclaw's daughter) to tell him. It was originally hidden in a hollow of a tree in the forest of Albania.
Helga Hufflepuff's Cup
Destroyed in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows This cup was stolen by Tom Riddle, in an attempt to own something from each Hogwarts founder. Tom Riddle stole the cup from Hufflepuff's descendent Hepzibah Smith, and later killed her. After Voldemort transformed the cup into a horcrux, it eventually made its way into Bellatrix Lastrange's vault at Gringotts Bank. With the help of former Gringotts employee, Griphook (a goblin), Harry, Ron, and Hermione snuck into Gringotts, acquired the cup. Hermione and Ron used a basilisk fang taken from the Chamber of Secrets to destroy the cup.
Destroyed in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Voldemorts "pet" snake that he made a horcrux
Harry Potter (As a Horcrux)
Destroyed in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
The Deathly Hallows
These are the three Hallows that when united, can 'conquer' death. They are the Invisibility Cloak, the Resurrection Stone, and the Elder Wand. They are mentioned in the story "The Three Brothers" in The Tales of Beetle the Bard. The titular three brothers Antioch, Cadmus, and Ignotus Peverell created these three objects.
The Elder Wand
This is the most powerful wand in existence. This was the creation of Antioch. Made from a core of Thestral Hair and wood from the elder tree, it is a ruthless wand, only accepting ownership with power and not emotional attachment. This wand goes by many names such as the Deathstick and the Wand of Destiny. During the First Wizarding War,and part of the Second, Albus Dumbledore was in possession of it, who took it after defeating Gellert Grindelwald who stole it from Gregorovitch. Draco Malfoy disarmed Dumbledore, not knowing that 'the most powerful wand in the world' swore its allegiance to him. Harry Potter took Draco's own wand (not the Elder Wand) from him, and so, the Elder Wand realized that its owner was beaten, and thus, swore its allegiance to Harry. During the Second Wizarding War, Voldemort was searching for this wand. He eventually tracked it down to Dumbledore, and he violated his tomb to steal it from him. However, Harry was the true owner of the Elder Wand, and he used this fact to defeat the Dark Lord.
The Cloak of Invisibility
This was the creation of Ignotus. It enables the wearer to have full concealment no matter what spells are cast at it. Unlike normal Invisibility Cloaks, which wear out and lose their spells or get holes in them, this Cloak stays perfect no matter what. It enables the wearer to hide from death - at least, according to Beedle the Bard. It was passed along a family lineage, including the family of Harry Potter.
The Resurrection Stone
This was the creation of Cadmus, apparently, to taunt death. It has the power to bring back people from death, however it does not do it fully. They are neither alive, nor dead when called to Earth. It was once made into a Horcrux by Lord Voldemort, who wasn't aware of the stone's power. In addition, to call back the dead, one must turn the stone three times in your hand. The stone was lost in the Forbidden Forest, when Harry Potter dropped it when he went to confront Voldemort. It was apparently stomped into the ground by centaurs, who were running to Hogwarts Castle to fight the Death Eaters.
First Seen in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, these objects were invented by Fred and George Weasley for sale in their Joke shop Weasley's Wizard Wheezes. These objects work by enabling a person to insert one end into their ear and be able to hear the conversations of people on the otherside of a door. Can not work against imperturbable charms. Theses objects are used in Order of the Phoenix by the twins and their siblings to eavesdrop on the meetings of the Order. they are also used when Harry and the Weasley's visit Arthur in the Hospital on Christmas Day.
First seen in Philosopher's Stone, the Deluminator, also known as the Put-Outer until Deathly Hallows, in which Ron receives it in Dumbledore's will, this magical object is used in Philosopher's Stone, Order of The Phoenix and Deathly Hallows. It is used in Philosopher's Stone when Dumbledore drops Harry at Privet Drive after his parents are killed by Lord Voldemort. It is used in Order of the Phoenix when Moody, along with the rest of the Order of the Phoenix is taking Harry to Grimmauld Place.
The Time Turner
First seen in Prisoner of Azkaban, the Time Turner is a necklace that gives the wearer the ability to go back to a preferred time in the past. Plus, it is possible to include a second person to join the trip if the necklace part of the time turned is wrapped around them as well. It is unknown if a third person can also be included. This object is used when Hermione decides in her third year to take extra classes. Due to fact that some of her classes overlapped, Professor McGonnagall arranged a meeting with Hermione in order to have a time turner bestowed upon her. It is known that these Time Turners are in limited supply and that they are monitored by the Ministry of Magic.
See also Time Turner.
First read and seen in Goblet of Fire, a portkey is a regular household object such as a comb or a lamp that becomes a means of magical transport once a spell is cast on it by a witch or wizard. The destination of the portkey is identified by the witch or wizard who conjures it. To function the portkey, all one had to do was put a hand on it and hold on tight. The portkey would then send the person through a portal towards their destination. The set time can be disabled and set to activate on touch, as proven by the Triwizard Tournament Cup. The Portkey is usually an object that Muggles would pick up; a normal, sometimes dirty, object. It glows blue when it is time for the Portkey to activate, and Portkeys can transport even without wizards touching it, resulting in stranded wizards and a lonely Portkey arriving at the place it was supposed to. Portkeys are supposed to be authorized by the Ministry of Magic before creation, but this rule was broken by Albus Dumbledore. Any object can be turned into a Portkey. However, large objects such as buildings, bridges, or a pole stuck in the ground can be assumed to be unable to become a Portkey. The first mention of a portkey in Goblet of Fire is when Harry and the gang meet up with Amos Diggory and his son Cedric at a landing that contained a "mangy, old boot." This boot sent them to a plain where the Quidditch World Cup was being held. A second mention in Goblet of Fire is when Harry and Cedric are the only ones left to grab the Triwizard cup. They both grabbed it at the same time not knowing that it was a portkey, sending them to a graveyard where danger was ahead with Wormtail and Voldemort.
The Golden Snitch
Used in Quidditch, its capture ends the match and gives the Seeker's team an extra 150 points. It has a 'flesh memory' which is useful during disputed captures. It remembers the first touch, and even the maker of the


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Fabrication of coral like carbon black/MnO2 nano composites from commercial carbon black and their application in supercapacitors
A carbon black/MnO2 nano-composite (CB/MnO2) of coral-like architecture was synthesized from a commercially available conductive carbon black (CB) using an in situ method. The morphology and structural analysis of the synthesized CB/MnO2 revealed 10 nm thick MnO2 nano-sheets grown on the CB. The MnO2 nano-sheets of poorly crystalline δ-MnO2 birnessite structure assembled into a coral-like architecture. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis showed high Mn content in the composite. Electrochemical tests using the synthesized CB/MnO2 showed a specific capacitance of 946 F g−1 at a current density of 0.3 A g−1, which was much higher than that of the composites reported in the literature. Under a current density of 30 A g−1, the CB/MnO2 electrode was shown to retain a high specific capacitance after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. The results from this study demonstrate that the CB/MnO2 nano composite materials of coral-like architecture fabricated with commercially available CB and MnO2 achieved a good electrochemical performance, exhibiting promising application prospects.


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Salt Lake Chamber issues the following statement:
SALT LAKE CITY (Dec 4, 2015) – Lane Beattie, president and CEO of the Salt Lake Chamber, released the following statement regarding the passage of S. 1177, Every Student Succeeds Act:
"By passing, the "Every Student Succeeds Act" (ESSA) today, Congress has returned more control of education over to Utah where it belongs. Though this bill is not a perfect solution, it takes a good step forward in returning control of our education to the state and local school districts, a goal we will continue to work toward.
"I applaud the leadership of Utah's Senior Senator and statesman—Orrin Hatch—for his willingness to act for the benefit of every student in Utah. Senator Hatch worked to include important amendments to the bill that are important to our state's economy such as STEM initiatives and other pathways for increased technology innovation and research.
"All Utahns want our students to reach grade-level literacy and numeracy by the fourth grade, which is a major priority for the business community. This bill empowers willing states to achieve this desire with improved early learning and high quality preschool experiences. It also invests in our hard working teachers with more preparation programs, including those designed to improve literacy, civics education and STEM education.
"Now, more than ever, education is the surest path to economic success. We must move Utah's education rankings back to the top-ten in the nation and ESSA gets us closer to meeting that goal."


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Balancing Logistics with Precision
Remote Fly-In Community Gets CriticalWater Treatment Infrastructure Upgrades
Sometimes getting to the job requires as much planning and meticulous execution as doing the job.
Di-Tech performed a transformative industrial upgrade to a water treatment facility at Saint Theresa Point, a secluded, fly-in-only First Nation reserve.
All equipment was within the payload capacity of the plane, including bringing backup equipment, and pre-emptively preparing for any unforeseen circumstances that may arise.
Our dedicated crew resided at a specially organized construction camp, guaranteeing on-demand availability for seamless execution.
This commitment to efficiency and preparedness resulted in the project being completed within one day!
Saint Theresa Point
Saint Theresa Point is a remote Indigenous community located in Northern Manitoba's pristine wilderness. It is surrounded by dense forests and many lakes on the rugged Canadian Shield terrain, isolated and accessible primarily by air. The people in this close-knit community maintain their traditional cultural identity with a strong sense of resilience and pride in their heritage.
Water Treatment Plants in northern Manitoba reserves play a vital role in ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water:
- Water is sourced from nearby lakes, rivers, or groundwater sources.
- It undergoes a preliminary screening to remove large debris and particles before being drawn into the treatment system.
- The water then passes through filtration systems to remove finer particles, microorganisms, and dissolved substances.
- Following filtration, the water undergoes disinfection to eliminate harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
- Treated water is subsequently stored in reservoirs or tanks before distribution through pipeline networks.
- Water quality is closely monitored to ensure that it meets regulatory standards and is safe for consumption.
Proper maintenance and upkeep of water treatment infrastructure are essential to ensure the continued effectiveness and reliability of the system. This includes routine inspections, repairs, and upgrades to equipment and facilities as needed.
Di-Tech is experienced in accessing remote northern locations across Canada and water treatment facility upgrade requirements.


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Flat rocks can be used in the design of your garden or lawn and enhance the curb appeal of your property. They can complement an existing garden or replace greenery entirely in favor of a rock aesthetic to make your front and back yard distinct.
Use flat rocks, especially flagstone, to create a stone pathway that leads to your front door. A flat-rock pathway also can help you and your visitors avoid rough patches in your front yard.
Either lay flat rocks in grass or carve them into soil or a rocky terrain. You also can lay flat rocks on sod or leveled sand. The most important aspects of creating a flat-rock pathway are to ensure the rocks align evenly and no more than about 1 inch of space is between the rocks.
You have the choice of buying different shapes of flat rocks to enhance the path's visual appeal. Flat rocks that are granite or flagstone can add color and flair to your landscaping scheme.
Steps for a Sloped Yard
Using flat rocks is an ideal way to create steps in a yard that slopes. If, for example, you have a steep decline from a patio, you could install flat rocks to form steps that provide safety and add beauty to your yard. Dig out enough soil and level each area of sloped land where you want to install flat rocks so they will lay flat and secure.
Consider using the same kind and color of rocks for each step to create a seamless look. If you want something more bold, then choose rocks of different types and colors for a look that is attention-grabbing and distinct. Edging the flat-rock steps with a flower arrangement will make them stand out even more.
A fountain can add class, elegance and style to your back yard, and one style you can choose is a flat-rock fountain. That kind of fountain consists of slabs of flat rocks stacked on top of each other, and a number of configurations can be used. For example, you can create a flat-rock fountain with similarly sized rocks except for the top slab, which can be wider and lengthier, allowing the fountain water to flow downward with greater force. You also could create a fountain in which flat rocks that are slate or granite are cut into rectangular shapes and placed in the structure's base, giving you a fountain that has the appearance of a monument, with water running down each side.
Use flat rocks in your flowerbed to beautify your home and to prevent the growth of weeds, which won't grow on rocks. Also, colorful butterflies are like flying flowers in a garden, and flat rocks help to attract them. Butterflies are drawn to the warmth of flat rocks in sunny spots, spreading their wings for the warmth while resting on the rocks and beautifying the garden at the same time.


Nithin Bekal Posts About Notes
Flip Flop Operator in Ruby
21 Nov 2014
The flip flop operator is one of those weird features of Ruby that most people aren't even aware of. It's one of the many Perlisms that sneaked into Ruby, but hasn't caught on. In this post, we will look at what flip-flop operators are, and where you can use them.
What is it?
The flip flop operator is a range (..) operator used between two conditions in a conditional statement. It looks like this:
(1..20).each do |x|
 puts x if (x == 5) .. (x == 10)
end
The condition evaluates to false every time it is evaluated until the first part evaluates to true. Then it evaluates to true until the second part evaluates to true. In the above example, the flip-flop is turned on when x == 5 and stays on until x == 10, so the numbers from 5 to 10 are printed.
The flip flop operator only works inside ifs and ternary conditions. Everywhere else, Ruby considers it to be the range operator.
Another example
Let's take another example that sheds more light on this operator's behavior. Imagine you're parsing a file which has markers called indent and dedent in it. Whenever you encounter a line that contains indent you need to turn ON indentation for all lines after that, and turn it OFF when you come across a line that contains dedent.
As an example, this is the text we're trying to transform:
zero indentation
indent
inside block
dedent
after the block
indent
another block
dedent
end of file
And this is what the output should look like:
zero indentation
 indent
 inside block
 dedent
after the block
 indent
 another block
 dedent
end of file
In this case, we would need to keep track of whether or not we've turned on indentation. The flip-flop operator does this out of the box for us.
lines = File.readlines('somefile')
lines.each do |line|
 if line =~ /^indent/ .. line =~ /^dedent/
 puts " " + line
 else
 puts line
 end
end
Now the operator starts looking a bit more useful. You could read this as: starting from the lines containing indent, until you encounter dedent, add two spaces at the start of the line.
Is it going to be removed from Ruby?
There is an open issue in Ruby's issue tracker asking for the feature to be removed from Ruby. This is from before Ruby 2.0 was released, and Matz stated that if it were to be removed, it would have to wait till Ruby 3.0.
Under the current plan, I am not going to remove flip-flop from 2.0, since we are not going to made incompatible changes anytime soon. We have to wait until 3.0. (–Matz)
I'm not a big fan of the syntax, and have never had to use it any of my code. If it were to be removed in the future, it wouldn't be missed too much.
There hasn't been any activity on this issue in the past year, so there's no decision yet about whether or not it will disappear some day. But it's good to be aware of the syntax in case you come across the syntax when reading other people's code.
Links
Nithin Bekal
Hi, I'm Nithin Bekal. I work at Shopify in Ottawa, Canada. Previously, co-founder of CrowdStudio.in and WowMakers. Ruby is my preferred programming language, and the topic of most of my articles here, but I'm also a big fan of Elixir. Tweet to me at @nithinbekal.


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activated carbon filtration zoom activated carbon filtration method.
how hydropower plants work drawing of a turbine which the water turns hydroelectric power plants how they work.
disadvantages of hydropower energy what is solar power uses advantages disadvantages 3 disadvantages of hydropower energy.


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The CVOR is the registration system for operators of commercial trucks and buses on Ontario's road ways.
The Commercial Vehicle Operator's Registration (CVOR) system and the Carrier Safety Rating (CSR) program were developed by the Ministry of Transportation as part of Ontario's ongoing commitment to road safety. Together they promote the safe operation of trucks and buses on Ontario's roadways for operators of commercial motor vehicles.
This includes trucks that have a registered gross weight of over 4,500 kilograms, and buses that can carry ten or more passengers. Owners/operators of these vehicles must apply for, obtain and renew a CVOR certificate.
Every carrier is responsible for monitoring its CVOR record and the performance information it provides, including violation rates, thresholds, audit scores and resulting carrier safety rating. As a result, it is important that you identify and address problem areas in order to improve your commercial motor vehicle safety performance.
The CVOR system is part of the carrier safety rating program. The Ministry of Transportation monitors carriers and assigns each a safety rating based on several factors, including:
- Facility audit results
To operate in Ontario, carriers must follow the laws and regulations that apply to the operation of trucks and buses, which includes, but is not limited to:
- The Highway Traffic Act
- Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act
- Public Vehicles Act
- Motor Vehicle Transport Act
- Compulsory Automobile Insurance Act
- Fuel Tax Act
Get A Free Quote
Don't take your chances fighting alone.
Get Canada's leading defence team working for you.


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Office: Agriculture Building Room 8-39
E-mail: jaco.greeff [at] up.ac.za
GTS 367 – Population and Evolutionary Genetics
GTK 702 – Science Writing
Evolution of Sex Ratios
Greeff JM, Kjellberg F (2022) Pollinating fig wasps' simple solutions to complex sex ratio problems: a review. Frontiers in Zoology 19: 3.
Hollfelder N, Erasmus JC, Hammaren R, Vicente M, Jakobsson M, Greeff JM, Schlebusch CM (2020) Patterns of African and Asian admixture in the Afrikaner population of South Africa. BMC Biology 18: 16.
What genetic analysis reveals about the ancestry of South Africa's Afrikaners
Sex, lies and DNA: why many 'Bothas' in South Africa have the wrong surname
Fig wasp sex ratios show that not all of nature is by design


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Economic Impact Case Study Tool for Transit
economics - appraisal/evaluation, land use - impacts, economics - finance
database, transit investment, economic impacts, land development impacts, multi-modal planning
This report presents the results of a project aimed at creating the prototype for a searchable (web-based) database of transit investment projects and their associated (transit driven) economic and land development impacts. The web tool that was developed for this study, the database that it accesses, and the case study design intentionally parallel a previously developed system for highway projects, with adaptation as necessary to be applicable for transit projects. The purpose of this system is to provide transportation planners with a consistent base of data on actual, documented economic and land development impacts of completed transit-related investments, along with a narrative describing the form of impact and factors that affected it. This information is intended to inform future planning efforts for transit-related projects, and to support better multi-modal planning. The report examines issues concerning: (a) the types of transit projects that are most applicable for case studies, (b) how economic impacts of transit projects can be measured and reported, and (c) how findings on transit project may be interpreted. Seven prototype case studies were completed, to illustrate how a more complete national database and web tool might be implemented and used.
Permission to publish the abstract has been given by Transportation Research Board, Washington, copyright remains with them.
Economic Development Research Group, Inc. and Compass Transportation & Technology, Inc. (2016). Economic Impact Case Study Tool for Transit. Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 186, pp. 115. Published by Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC.


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Alameda Point was created by filling in the Bay on the western side of Alameda. The landscape in the former airfield - over 700 acres - is mostly volunteer vegetation - grasses and ice plant - that became established between the runways and taxiways during 50 years as a naval base. Two wetland areas - Runway Wetland and West Beach Wetland - have established wetland vegetation. The West Beach Wetland is permanently connected to San Francisco Bay via a metal culvert.
The built portion of Alameda Point features landscaped residential areas, recreational areas, and public spaces - all with mature trees that are reminders of the emphasis on an aesthetically pleasing design in early planning of the naval base.
Water is perhaps the most obvious feature of the Alameda Point landscape, with unique assets such as the Seaplane Lagoon, and the Inner Harbor with its mile-and-a-quarter-long wall of boulders known as the breakwater.


URL_ Nonlinear radar exploits the difference in frequency between radar waves that illuminate and are reflected from electromagnetically nonlinear targets. Harmonic radar is a special type of nonlinear radar that transmits one or multiple frequencies and listens for frequencies at or near their harmonics. Nonlinear radar differs from traditional linear radar by offering high clutter rejection and is particularly suited to the detection of devices containing metals and semiconductors. Examples include tags for tracking insects, tags worn by humans for avoiding collisions with vehicles, or for monitoring vital signs. Such tags contain a radio-frequency (RF) nonlinearity, often a Schottky diode, connected to a suitable antenna. Targets with inherent nonlinearities, such as metal contacts, semiconductors, transmission lines, antennas, filters, and ferroelectrics, also respond to nonlinear radar. In this paper, the successful exploitation of harmonic radar for moving target imaging and synthetic aperture imaging of targets, while suppressing clutter signals from linear targets, are presented. Our results demonstrate some unique advantages of harmonic radar over its traditional linear counterpart. Electronics 2017-04-04 6 2 Article 10.3390/electronics6020030 30 2079-9292 2017-04-04 doi: 10.3390/electronics6020030 Kyle Gallagher Ram Narayanan Gregory Mazzaro Anthony Martone Kelly Sherbondy <![CDATA[Electronics, Vol. 6, Pages 29: Screening Mississippi River Levees Using Texture-Based and Polarimetric-Based Features from Synthetic Aperture Radar Data]]> _URL_ This article reviews the use of synthetic aperture radar remote sensing data for earthen levee mapping with an emphasis on finding the slump slides on the levees. Earthen levees built on the natural levees parallel to the river channel are designed to protect large areas of populated and cultivated land in the Unites States from flooding. One of the signs of potential impending levee failure is the appearance of slump slides. On-site inspection of levees is expensive and time-consuming; therefore, a need to develop efficient techniques based on remote sensing technologies is mandatory to prevent failures under flood loading. Analysis of multi-polarized radar data is one of the viable tools for detecting the problem areas on the levees. In this study, we develop methods to detect anomalies on the levee, such as slump slides and give levee managers new tools to prioritize their tasks. This paper presents results of applying the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL)'s Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) quad-polarized L-band data to detect slump slides on earthen levees. The study area encompasses a portion of levees of the lower Mississippi River in the United States. In this paper, we investigate the performance of polarimetric and texture features for efficient levee classification. Texture features derived from the gray level co-occurrence (GLCM) matrix and discrete wavelet transform were computed and analyzed for efficient levee classification. The pixel-based polarimetric decomposition features, such as entropy, anisotropy, and scattering angle were also computed and applied to the support vector machine classifier to characterize the radar imagery and compared the results with texture-based classification. Our experimental results showed that inclusion of textural features derived from the SAR data using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) features and GLCM features provided higher overall classification accuracies compared to the pixel-based polarimetric features. Electronics 2017-03-31 6 2 Article 10.3390/electronics6020029 29 2079-9292 2017-03-31 doi: 10.3390/electronics6020029 Lalitha Dabbiru James Aanstoos John Ball Nicolas Younan <![CDATA[Electronics, Vol. 6, Pages 28: High Throughput Characterization of Epitaxially Grown Single-Layer MoS2]]> _URL_ The growth of single-layer MoS2 with chemical vapor deposition is an established method that can produce large-area and high quality samples. In this article, we investigate the geometrical and optical properties of hundreds of individual single-layer MoS2 crystallites grown on a highly-polished sapphire substrate. Most of the crystallites are oriented along the terraces of the sapphire substrate and have an area comprised between 10 µm2 and 60 µm2. Differential reflectance measurements performed on these crystallites show that the area of the MoS2 crystallites has an influence on the position and broadening of the B exciton while the orientation does not influence the A and B excitons of MoS2. These measurements demonstrate that differential reflectance measurements have the potential to be used to characterize the homogeneity of large-area chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown samples. Electronics 2017-03-31 6 2 Article 10.3390/electronics6020028 28 2079-9292 2017-03-31 doi: 10.3390/electronics6020028 Foad Ghasemi Riccardo Frisenda Dumitru Dumcenco Andras Kis David Perez de Lara Andres Castellanos-Gomez <![CDATA[Electronics, Vol. 6, Pages 27: Atomic Layer Growth of InSe and Sb2Se3 Layered Semiconductors and Their Heterostructure]]> _URL_ Metal chalcogenides based on the C–M–M–C (C = chalcogen, M = metal) structure possess several attractive properties that can be utilized in both electrical and optical devices. We have shown that specular, large area films of γ-InSe and Sb2Se3 can be grown via atomic layer deposition (ALD) at relatively low temperatures. Optical (absorption, Raman), crystalline (X-ray diffraction), and composition (XPS) properties of these films have been measured and compared to those reported for exfoliated films and have been found to be similar. Heterostructures composed of a layer of γ-InSe (intrinsically n-type) followed by a layer of Sb2Se3 (intrinsically p-type) that display diode characteristics were also grown. Electronics 2017-03-30 6 2 Article 10.3390/electronics6020027 27 2079-9292 2017-03-30 doi: 10.3390/electronics6020027 Robert Browning Neal Kuperman Bill Moon Raj Solanki <![CDATA[Electronics, Vol. 6, Pages 26: Design and optimization of collection efficiency and conversion gain of buried p-well SOI pixel X-ray detector]]> _URL_ Buried P-Well (BPW) technology was used in silicon-on-insulator pixels (SOIPIX) to suppress the back-gate effect, the major challenge in SOIPIX. In this work, we have designed and optimized two novel pixel structures, which are based on different BPW design layouts, to study the carrier collection efficiency and conversion gain of the pixel unit used in SOIPIX X-ray detectors. The first structure has an extended BPW region connected with a P+ node. In the second structure, a separated BPW ring region is formed surrounding the P+ node. Two X-ray sources with different photon energies have been applied in the simulation of excess carrier generation. The results indicated that the first structure had higher collection efficiency while the second structure had a slightly better conversion gain. As a result, the total photoelectric voltage of the first structure is about two times that of the second structure, where low doping concentration (&lt;1 × 1016 cm‒3) in the BPW region is preferred. Such a study of design and optimization of BPW technology is very important for applications in SOIPIX detectors Electronics 2017-03-23 6 2 Article 10.3390/electronics6020026 26 2079-9292 2017-03-23 doi: 10.3390/electronics6020026 Chen Shi Li Tian Songlin Feng Qiliang Li Hui Wang <![CDATA[Electronics, Vol. 6, Pages 25: FPGA and SoC Devices Applied to New Trends in Image/Video and Signal Processing Fields]]> _URL_ Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and, recently, System on Chip (SoC) devices have been applied in different areas and fields for the past 20 years. [...] Electronics 2017-03-23 6 2 Editorial 10.3390/electronics6020025 25 2079-9292 2017-03-23 doi: 10.3390/electronics6020025 Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz José Luis Lázaro-Galilea Alfredo Gardel-Vicente <![CDATA[Electronics, Vol. 6, Pages 24: Radar Angle of Arrival System Design Optimization Using a Genetic Algorithm]]> _URL_ An approach for using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to select radar design parameters related to beamforming and angle of arrival estimation is presented in this article. This was accomplished by first developing a simulator that could evaluate the localization performance with a given set of design parameters. The simulator output was utilized as part of the GA objective function that searched the solution space for an optimal set of design parameters. Using this approach, the authors were able to more than halve the mean squared error in degrees of the localization algorithm versus a radar design using human-selected design parameters. The results of this study indicate that this kind of approach can be used to aid in the development of an actual radar design. Electronics 2017-03-22 6 1 Article 10.3390/electronics60


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Lance-leaf Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) is known for its beauty and commonly planted in prairies and meadows and along roadsides. Lance-leaf Coreopsis boasts butter yellow flowers.
When It Blooms: April to June.
Where You'll Find It: It's found statewide, especially in areas with well drained soil. They prefer sun but can survive in the shade.
Did You Know? Mississippi designated Coreopsis its state flower in 1992, but it's actually a group of 35 flowers, including Lance-leaf Coreopsis.
- Lance-leaf Coreopsis: technical note by USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service.