text:
In the simplest case, the yellow flame is luminous due to small soot particles in the flame which are heated to incandescence. Producing a deliberately luminous flame requires either a shortage of combustion air (as in a Bunsen burner) or a local excess of fuel (as for a kerosene torch). Because of this dependency upon relatively inefficient combustion, luminosity is associated with diffusion flames and is lessened with premixed flames.
The flame is yellow because of its temperature. To produce enough soot to be luminous, the flame is operated at a lower temperature than its efficient heating flame (see Bunsen burner). The colour of simple incandescence is due to black-body radiation. By Planck's law, as the temperature decreases, the peak of the black-body radiation curve moves to longer wavelengths, i.e. from the blue to the yellow. However, the blue light from a gas burner's premixed flame is primarily a product of molecular emission (Swan bands) rather than black-body radiation.
Other factors, particularly the fuel chemistry and its propensity for forming soot, have an influence on luminosity.
One of the most familiar instances of a luminous flame is produced by a Bunsen burner. This burner has a controllable air supply and a constant gas jet: when the air supply is reduced, a highly luminous, and thus visible, orange 'safety flame' is produced. For heating work, the air inlet is opened and the burner produces a much hotter blue flame.
Efficient combustion relies on the complete combustion of the fuel. Production of soot represents a waste of fuel (the soot could have been burned further) and may also be a problem for its build-up around jets and burners. Heating burners are thus usually designed to produce a non-luminous flame.
Lamps for illumination rather than heat may use a deliberately luminous flame. A more efficient method overall uses a mantle instead. Like the incandescent soot in a luminous flame, the mantle is heated and then glows. The flame does not provide much light itself, and so a more heat-efficient non-luminous flame is preferred. Unlike simple soot, a mantle uses rare-earth elements to provide a bright white glow; the colour of the glow comes from the spectral lines of these elements, not from simple black-body radiation.
When performing a flame test, the colour of a flame is affected by external materials added to it. A non-luminous flame is used, to avoid masking the test colour by the flame's own colour.
- Faraday, Michael (1861). W. Crookes (ed.). A Course of Six Lectures on the Chemical History of a Candle. Griffin, Bohn & Co.
- A Brief History of the Incandescent Mantle Pressure Lamp Archived 2005-07-03 at the Wayback Machine


text:
Purpose: The use of medical scribes has emerged as a strategy to increase clinic workflow efficiency and reduce physician burnout. While oncology clinics may be ideally suited to scribe integration because of the high burden of documentation, oncology-specific scribe research has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of scribe integration on clinic workflow efficiency and physician satisfaction and quality of life in outpatient oncology clinics.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, concurrent qualitative and quantitative analysis of patient visit durations and survey data for 129 attending physicians affiliated with an academic hospital's cancer center between January 2017 and January 2019. Thirty-three physicians were paired with scribes in each physician's individual clinic or clinics.
Results: In terms of clinic efficiency, physicians with scribes had a 12.1% decrease in their overall average patient visit duration compared with their own time before receiving a scribe (P <.0001) and spent significantly less time completing charts at the end of the day (P =.04). Compared with their peers, oncologists with scribes showed a 10%-20% decrease in the duration of all patient visits. Scribes also contributed to patient care, as shown by 90% of physicians surveyed who strongly agreed that they spent less time at the computer and more time with patients; 100% of physicians surveyed strongly agreed that scribes improved their quality of life.
Conclusion: The integration of medical scribes into oncology clinics across several oncologic disciplines has the potential to reduce burnout through increasing physician satisfaction and quality of life, improving patient care, and streamlining clinic workflow.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
This activity provides opportunities for students to develop an understanding of the various ways in which agricultural pests are controlled in Queensland. It allows students to consider specific examples of the various methods that have been used and to consider the costs and benefits of each method.
The methods used include chemical control, biological control, physical control and genetic control (heritability and genetic engineering).
Science and Society
6.2 Students use scientific concepts to evaluate the costs and benefits of applications of science (including agricultural and industrial practices).
The Biosecurity Queensland pages of the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI) provide information on:
Internet search on articles referring to selected pest animals or weeds.
This activity is intended to highlight the costs and benefits of various pest control methods. It would be beneficial to use examples that are specific to the area in which students live. Further information on the control methods used to combat different types of pests may be obtained via collaborators listed on the DEEDI website.
Time: 30 minutes
- Accessing resources
- Collecting information
- Looking for alternatives
Students read through collected articles dealing with pest and weed control issues from the DEEDI website, research collaborators and internert searches.
Students classify the types of control methods being used as: chemical; physical; biological; or genetic. Students then discuss the costs and benefits of the various control methods they come across in their research.
Finally, students discuss any control methods being used in their area and make suggestions as to possible alternatives that allow for more sustainable use of resources.
Concept maps are another useful way of summarising understanding of issues and information from research activities such as this.
Gathering information about student learning
Sources of information could include:
- anecdotal records of student discussions
- concept maps.
Last updated 2 September 2010

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Equipment for Hyperoxia and Hypoxia Experiments
Control of gas levels is the core of any Hyperoxia or Hypoxia experiment, with Okolab products you can achieve not only a high level of control but digital monitoring and logging.
Okolab provides a range of equipment that can be used on existing setups and microscopes for the purpose of Hyperoxia/Hypoxia experiments.
For most Hyperoxia or Hydroxia experiments you would first need a way to image the sample. Take an existing microscope, or select a new one with an adequate camera and light source setup.
A suitable microscope camera.
Incubation or Chambers
Once you have an imaging setup, an incubation chamber or stage top chamber for hypoxia/hyperoxia will be required.
Select from one of the following:
A whole microscope incubator, known as a cage incubator, for surrounding the entire microscope.
A smaller stage top environment, known as a stage top incubator.
A dedicated imaging system that pre-exists.
A gas controller should be picked that is configured to the above choices.
For this you can choose digital control methods such as the Bold Line controller. Or use the manual gas mixers for direct control.
For a dedicated setup or for advice on how to create a setup for hypoxia/hyperoxia experiments contact us today.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
We report on measurements of both the critical power for self-focusing of a Ti: Sapphire 800 nm femtosecond laser and the peak intensity clamped inside a single filament in an ethanol-air flame on an alcohol burner array. By observing the shift of focal position of femtosecond laser pulses, we determine the critical power in the flame to be 2.2 ± 0.3 GW, which is 4-5 times smaller than the usually quoted one in air. The clamped laser intensity inside the filament is measured to be roughly half of that in air. Our results provide insights into the understanding of femtosecond laser filamentation in flames for practical application of combustion diagnostics.
© 2016 Optical Society of America
Combustion diagnostics is of great importance for rationalizing the combustion process and thrusting the innovative design of the combustion system for high combustion efficiency with low detrimental products . Recently, it was demonstrated that femtosecond laser filament-induced nonlinear spectroscopy (FINS) possesses high potential for combustion diagnostics [2–5 ]. Clean optical emissions from multiple combustion intermediates including free radicals C2, CH, OH and CN and atomic species C and H were simultaneously observed when a filament was formed in an ethanol-air flame by using a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser . The fingerprint nonlinear photoemissions were ascribed to multiphoton excitation of the combustion intermediates due to the high clamped intensity inside the filament, which was implicitly assumed to have the same value as that in air .
In air, femtosecond laser filamentation originates from Kerr self-focusing and defocusing of the plasma generated from the ionization of air molecules . Because both the critical power that decides the formation of filamentation and the clamped intensity that are crucial for the nonlinear light-matter interaction are significant for a broad spectrum of applications of femtosecond laser filamentation in areas such as light frequency conversion, pulse compression, remote sensing and so forth, extensive investigations have been performed to measure the two parameters in air [7–11 ]. The critical power for the Kerr self-focusing of a Ti: Sapphire laser pulse at 800 nm was determined to be 5-10 GW depending on the pulse duration . The intensity inside the filament during free propagation is clamped to a constant value by the dynamical balance between the self-focusing and defocusing, which was previously evaluated to be ∼5 × 1013 W/cm2 from the measured cut-off frequency of high-order harmonic generation or from the assumption of a steady state balance between self-focusing and multiphoton ionization [13, 14 ] and from ionization measurement . More recently, the clamped intensity was directly measured to be ∼1.4 × 1014 W/cm2 by recording the laser energy transmitted through a pinhole drilled by the filament itself on a thin metallic foil . However, both the critical power and clamped intensity of a filament are sensitive to the gas species, which gives different Kerr nonlinear index of refraction. For example, the critical power of helium was estimated to be ~268 GW at atmospheric pressure and the clamped intensity inside an argon filament was measured to be ~3 times larger than that in air under the same focal condition [17, 18 ].
However, femtosecond laser filamentation occurring in a combustion flame is rarely investigated, and, to our best knowledge, the determinations of the two fundamental physical parameters, i.e., the critical power and the clamped intensity of femtosecond laser filament in flames have not been reported yet. In order to better understand the fluorescence mechanisms of combustion intermediates induced by the interaction of femtosecond laser pulse with flames, we experimentally measure in the present study the critical power and clamped intensity of femtosecond laser filaments in an ethanol-air flame on an alcohol burner array. We determine these two parameters respectively by measuring the shift of the focal position of femtosecond laser pulses based on the technique described in and by comparing the difference of the laser energy transmitted through a pinhole drilled by the filament itself on a thin metallic foil placed both in flame and in air. It is found that both of the determined critical power and clamped intensity in flame are much smaller than those in air [12–16 ].
2. Experimental setup
The experiments were performed with a Ti: Sapphire laser system (Spectra physics, Spitfire ACE), which produces laser pulses characterized by a central wavelength of 800 nm, a transform-limited pulse duration of 35fs, a pulse energy of up to 5 mJ and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The output energies of the laser beam have an uncertainty of ∼2%. The laser pulses were chirped slightly to compensate the dispersion from the laser propagation, and the pulse duration after the lens was measured to be ∼35 fs with an uncertainty of ∼5%. A half-wave- plate and a Brewster window were inserted into the laser beam to modify the pulse energy. In the measurement of the critical power [Fig. 1(a) ], the laser pulses were focused by a fused silica lens (f = 50 cm) into the ethanol-air flame on an alcohol burner array a continuous length of about 5 cm (no gaps between two adjacent flames) to generate a single filament located totally in the flame. The fluorescing filament was imaged by using a periscope and a fused silica lens (50.8mm in diameter, f = 6 cm) onto the entrance slit of a spectrometer coupled with a gated intensified charge coupled device (ICCD, Andor iStar). The fluorescence was then dispersed by a grating of 1200 grooves/mm (blazed wavelength at 500 nm) and recorded by the gated ICCD camera. The ICCD gate was opened 10 ns before the laser pulse arrived and the gate width was set to Δt = 210 ns for all the measurements of the focal positions.
In the measurement of the clamped intensity [see Fig. 1(b)], the laser beam was loosely focused by a fused silica lens with a focal length of 1 m. The reason that different focal length lenses was chosen in the two measurements is as follows. Because different external focal conditions can lead to a significant change of the filament plasma density, but only a relatively small change of the clamping intensity inside filament core . Therefore, the use of the short 50-cm focal length lens in the critical power measurement can give rise to a relatively higher plasma density, and thus a stronger fluorescence signal to enable the critical power measurement at low input energies. Whereas in the clamping intensity measurement, the use of the long 100-cm focal length lens can decrease the power density of the photon bath (or background reservoir), and thus reduce the influence of the power density of the photon bath on the measurement. In addition, as shown in , when the focal length of the lens is 100 cm, the clamping intensity inside the filament core is comparable to the case of free propagation.
The repetition rate of the laser pulses in the clamping intensity measurement was changed to 100 Hz to allow a mechanical shutter with an opening/closing time precision of 1-2 ms to precisely control the number of the laser pulses irradiating the surface of a piece of 50-μm-thick copper foil, which was inserted into the flame with the surface being roughly perpendicular to the laser propagation direction. The shutter was placed before the 1-m focal length lens. The laser energy was fixed at 0.8 mJ. The laser beam was loosely focused by a fused silica lens with a focal length of 1 m to keep the clamped intensity comparable to the free propagation . The transmitted laser energy through the pinhole drilled by the filament on the copper foil was recorded by a laser power meter placed several tens of centimeters behind the foil. The distance between the filament and the burner wick was about 9 mm. The temperature in this flame zone is about 400 ~500 °C , which is much lower than the melting point (~1000 °C) of the copper foil. The fabricated pinholes were measured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (JEOL JSM-7500F). For comparison, a similar experiment in air was also performed.
3. Results and discussions
Figure 1(c) shows a typical filament-induced fluorescence spectrum of the laminar ethanol-air flame in the ambient atmosphere in the UV-Vis range of 300-600 nm. The laser pulse energy was about 500 μJ measured after L1, and the distance between the filament and the burner wick was about 9 mm. The data were accumulated over 3.4 × 104 laser shots. As shown in Fig. 1(c), the signals are assigned to molecular bands of CH, CN, N2, NH, OH, and C2, which are consistent with our previous observation . In order to avoid the influence of the optical emissions from the flame itself on the measurements, we select the band of N2 at 337 nm for measuring the shift of the self-focal position. This is because when the laser energy is decreased, the signal intensities of the laser-induced optical emissions from free radicals such as CH, OH, and C2 would become comparable to those from the spontaneous emission from the flame itself.
As an example, the intensity distributions (dots) of the fluorescence at 337 nm along the laser propagation are plotted for three input energies of Fig. 2(a) 60 μJ, Fig. 2(b) 215 μJ, and


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Chegg Textbook Solutions for Principles of Microbiology 0th Edition: Chapter 34
Chapter: Problem:
Fresh lemon slices are often served with raw or steamed seafood (oysters, crab, shrimp). From a food microbiology perspective, provide an explanation for their being served. Are there other examples in either the cooking or the serving of foods that not only enhance flavor but might have an antimicrobial strategy? Consider the example of marinades.
 - Step 1 of 1
 The acidity of lemon juice lowers the pH and may have an effect of diminishing the levels of viable infectious bacteria that might be present on raw or undercooked seafood, especially oysters and organisms that are filter feeders and may concentrate bacteria in their tissues. However for this to really be effective, the fish would probably need to be marinated in the lemon juice. For instance, a Latin American raw fish dish (ceviche) uses on the order of a dozen limes/lemons per 2 pounds of fish. Chinese cooking often requires that chicken, fish and seafood be marinated with slightly beaten egg whites. While the amount of protease in egg whites is low, lysozyme is present in significant concentrations. This marinade would serve to lyse the peptidoglycan matrix and render any contaminating bacteria more susceptible to gastric juices and pancreatic hydrolases.
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text:
THE Rx LOCUS IN POTATO CONTROL DISEASE RESISTANCE AND CELL DEATH
A BENDAHMANE, K KANYUKA and D BAULCOMBE
The Sainsbury Laboratory, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
Background and objectives
The Rx locus in potato confers extreme resistance to potato virus X (PVX) through a mechanism which, like that controlled by many disease-resistance genes, can be described in terms of an elicitor/receptor model involving a two-stage process: the recognition and the response. The recognition phase is highly strain-specific and requires the elicitor (PVX coat protein) and the resistance gene Rx . The response stage includes mechanisms that suppress viruses unrelated to PVX. However, there are several features of the Rx-mediated mechanism that are different from the virus resistance conferred by other well characterized virus resistance genes, including the N gene in tobacco which confers resistance to TMV. The Rx response is effective in the initially infected cell and is not associated with death of the infected cells. In contrast, the resistance response of N and many other virus resistance genes is not active until the virus has spread into several cells and is associated with the formation of necrotic lesions around the site of inoculation.
In previous work we showed that Rx-mediated resistance is elicited by the PVX coat protein, independently of any other proteins encoded by PVX . Here we describe the isolation of Rx and the comparative analysis between extreme resistance and HR-mediated resistance.
Results and conclusions
A high-resolution physical map of the Rx locus has been produced and a BAC clone carrying the Rx locus was identified. The sub-cloning of Rx was carried out using a complementation assay based on a biolistic transient expression system and agro-infiltration transient assay. Stable transformation was used to confirm the complementation.
From the stable transformation we concluded that Rx is functional in the heterologous species Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana . Sequence analysis of Rx locus and comparative analysis between extreme resistance and HR-mediated resistance will be discussed. Experiments that address how Rx-mediated resistance to disease resistance without cell death will be also presented. We also developed a screening system for genes required for Rx-mediated resistance. The output of this screen will be presented.
1. Bendahmane A, Kanyuka K, Baulcombe D, 1997. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 94, 153-162.
2. Bendahmane A, Kohm B, Dedi C, Baulcombe D, 1995. Plant Journal 8, 933-941.


text:
Back to Our Family
James (William James) Garland is the first Garland we know of. According to his daughter's census record, he was born in England, but we don't know where he went after he found his wife Henrietta with another man. Family stories suggest he went to Oklahoma.
His daughter Minnie's census information in 1880 gives her father's place of birth: England. I searched the 1880 census index on LDS website, and found am English-born William Garland, single, age 48, farmer, San Jose And Azusa, Los Angelos, California, 396B. He was born 17 years before Henrietta. Is this our man?
Or perhaps the census record is wrong about the birthplace of Minnie's father, as it is known to be often in error. In 1880 in Bexar, Texas, there was a James Garland, age 46, born in Pennsylvania, who worked for a stage company. Is this our man?
From Bible records (in 1963, in the possession of Hazel Young), census, cemetery and county records, we have the following information:
William "James" Garland
- married 20 May 1866, Jasper County, Iowa
Henrietta Elizabeth Rees, daughter of Thomas Rees and Mary Ann Prouty
- born 25 Mar 1849, the first white child born in Palo Alto Township, Jasper County, Iowa
- died 17 Jul 1913
- buried Haines Cemetery, Appanoose County, Iowa
Henrietta married (2) Harry McVeigh (sometimes spelled McVey), about 1877. (The 1910 census of Rathbun, Appanoose Co., IA, says Henrietta and Harry had been married for 33 years. It also says that she had borne 12 children, 9 of whom were then living.) Harry was a coal miner. Coal mining in Appanoose County.
Children of Henrietta and James Garland:
- Stillborn infant Garland, born/died 26 March 1867, buried Palo Alto cemetery, Jasper County, Iowa
- Willie Franklin Garland, born 29 July 1869.
William F. Garland and wife Ester [sic] were living in Madison County, Iowa, Patterson Township, in 1920. He was a teamster. In 1930 William and Esther were in Des Moines City, Polk County, Iowa, and he was a miner.
- Minnie Mary Garland
- born 29 Jun3 1872
- died 3 March 1944
- married 28 Jan 1897, Dallas County, Iowa
Thomas Wilmot Houser,
- born 3 June 1871
- died 14 August 1960
- Ethel Garland born about 1874, died 16 Sept 1881
Children of Henrietta and Henry McVeigh
- Winnie McVeigh, born 28 December 1877.
- Henry McVeigh, born 8 December 1879.
- Tomas McVeigh, born 20 March 1882.
- Tomas McVeigh, born 4 June 1883.
- Charlie McVeigh, born 9 June 1885.
- Emmitt McVeigh, born 23 July 1888. Emmitt was listed as the informant for his mother's death record. This is probably the Robert E. Mcveigh who is buried near Harry and Henrietta in the Haines Cemetery, because of the year of birth.
- Estella McVeigh, born 25 September 1889.
- Henrietta McVeigh, born 23 February 1891.
Henrietta and Harry McVeigh were living in Palo Alto Twp., Jasper County, Iowa, at the time of the 1880 census. According to Henrietta's brother's articles in various historical and biographical publications, the McVeighs were in Keb, (Wapello County) Iowa in 1901, and in Rathbun, (Appanoose County) Iowa, in 1912. Henrietta died in Appanoose County in 1913, and is buried in the Haines Cemetery near Rathbun, next to Harry. Son Emmitt McVeigh was the informant for her death record at the court house. Harry McVeigh was buried at the Haines Cemetery, but we did not see his death record in Appanoose County.
Also buried near Harry and Henrietta McVeigh were Robert E. (_PHONE_) and Mary E., (_PHONE_) McVeigh.
Houser Family | Rees Family
© _PHONE_ MJH


Since fire is a staple of civilization and intelligent life, I though that my microscopic people ( 200 μm - 220 μm ) ought to have it too, but upon researching, I realized that fire can not exist at such small sizes
So my question is : what could these microscopic people use / harness in place of fire?
As a checklist of sorts, the replacement must -
 - Produce heat ( of course )
 - Be sustainable
 - Not be Extremely difficult to produce or obtain
 - Be Transportable
All help is greatly appreciated Thanks
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ The issue is how to prevent it from being put out otherwise happy arsoning😁 $\endgroup$ – user6760 Mar 5 '16 at 6:55
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ Heads up, you may find that a lot of things we take as day to day life cannot work at such small scale. For example, sight. If you really want a scientifically consistent microscopic people, then you'd need to look at real world microscopic organisms and go from there. $\endgroup$ – NPSF3000 Mar 5 '16 at 13:01
 - $\begingroup$ Stephen Baxter wrote some books, in the Xeelee sequence, about microscopic humans that live in a variety of ambients. Maybe the books can offer some inspiration $\endgroup$ – Gianluca Mar 5 '16 at 13:59
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ while it is true that many micro animals don't have eyesight, others do, like euglenoids and some mites $\endgroup$ – user15036 Mar 5 '16 at 14:07
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ make sure you understand what sight means at those scales :) $\endgroup$ – NPSF3000 Mar 6 '16 at 3:10
There are 2 main properties of fire: warmth, light.
At a microscopic scale, you can get the warmth directly by respiration. By respiration, I mean processing food (glucose) with oxygen to produce energy. In fact all living organisms have a fire burning in them. Only very very slowly. In fact SE has a very quick check on that too: _URL_ which states that an average adult male dissipates about 120 watts per hour. Which is nearly equivalent to burning 4 kgs of coal per hour.
So then. In order to get warmth at microscopic scale equivalent to fire, you oxidise high-energy chemicals into oxides and derive energy from them. If you want an even higher energy compound than glucose, try respiring with ethyne (acetylene) and oxygen instead of glucose and oxygen. Trust me, you (as a microscopic organism) would NOT regret this!
For light, you are going to use bioluminescence as a living organism. Vertebrates (fish) do that. Marine invertebrates do that. Even bacteria and fungi do that! Why can't you, an intelligent microscopic life form, can do likewise? And if your bodies are unfit for that, you can always domesticate some bioluminescent bacteria or grow a few molds of that fungus. Then harvest it and carefully seal the shiny part (probably some compound of phosphorus) in a non reactant microscopic bag (probably some membrane or something) and carry it wherever you want.
| improve this answer | |
Great question, but I am not convinced that microscopic people would need fire. Cooking with fire played a role in human evolution by allowing us to spend far less time chewing and digesting. This more efficient transformation of incoming food into energy to grow and run our bodies increased the evolutionary payoff for "spending" energy on brain growth. It also simply freed up time to do other evolutionarily successful things. However microscopic intelligent beings would presumably take in food in a completely different way (absorption?), with a completely different evolution.
The other main roles for fire, warmth and repelling predators, could still apply, but at the scale these people live at their world must be so granular, so much subject to violent buffeting, and generally so utterly different from ours, that there is no reason to suppose any close analogue of fire would be necessary to them. In particular, there is no reason why defence and warmth should be provided the same way.
The third significant role of fire for early humans - to clear and fertilize land in "slash and burn" agriculture - is also unlikely to have a parallel at that scale.
| improve this answer | |
Your Answer


client
Create an access point
Now the router is in repeater mode. In this mode, the speed is reduced, as the router created two Wi-Fi points on one transmitter.
Traffic balancing
Balancing traffic allows you to configure multiple network interfaces directly to the needs of the user.
There are two main modes of operation of the balancer:
 1. Traffic balancing with sum function
 2. Channel reservation
Balancer setting
The role of the balancer is performed by the utility MWAN3. In the router, it is located on the page «Network» → «Load Balancing».
This is the main screen balancer. It consists of several points:
- Overview
- Setting
- Advanced
There are two tabs in this item:
- Interface Status. It clearly shows the interfaces used and the log of recent events.
- Detailed Status. It has similar information, but the information is presented in numerical form for ease of analysis.
The settings item consists of the following tabs:
Interfaces. In this tab, you can add an interface to the balancer and see the settings of the interfaces used.
To add an interface, there is a text box and an «Add» button at the bottom. You must use the exact interface name from «Network» → «Interfaces» (the system is case sensitive). After adding the interface, a fine-tuning window will open:
Consider the points:
«Enabled» - interface activity for the handler.
«Tracking IP» - IP list to check the availability of the interface. You can enter multiple IP. For example, you can use «,» - Google Public DNS.
«Tracking reliability» - shows how many of the IP must be available to activate the interface.
«Ping count» - shows how many times to try to contact the node in one attempt.
«Ping timeout» - shows how much time, to recognize an attempt to fail.
«Ping interval» - shows how often to try to contact the node.
«Interface down» -shows how many attempts must be successful to deactivate the interface.
«Interface up» -shows how many attempts must be successful to activate the interface.
«Members» - elements for the formulation of rules. Consist of three settings.
«Interface» - the interface that is being controlled.
«Metrics» - the priority of the interface. The closer to zero, the more important.
«Weight» (Вес) — if there are several «Members» with one «Metric» in one «Policies» then their importance is determined by weight
«Policies» - management Policy «Members». It generates a list of «Members», which is used for balancing.
«Members assigned» - list of «Members»
«Last resort» -what is the action after the complete failure of the policy.
«Rules» - is the direct rule of conduct for the balancer. There are the following instructions:
«Source address» - ip address of the device or subnet to which this rule applies. By default, it is applied to the entire subnet of the router.
«Source port» - is the port to which this rule applies. The default applies to all ports.
«Destination address» - indicates which destination network the rule applies to. — to all IPv4
«Destination port» - indicates which destination ports this rule applies to
«Protocol» - the protocol under which the system works.
«Sticky» - fixing the interface. If we turned to any resource, the system fixes the interface through which it was done and uses only it if possible. This happens during (Sticky timeout).
«Sticky timeout» - the time of fixing the interface.
«Policy assigned» - is the policy used.
Traffic balancing
In this mode, the router simultaneously uses several active network interfaces. In case of failure of any interface, the system will switch to another interface within 1-5 seconds.
To configure the balancer, you must perform the following steps:
Go to balancer settings.
Add the necessary network interfaces
Add a «Member» for each network interface, with the same metric and weight according to importance.
Create «Policies» with the desired «Member».
Create your network rule using the created «Policies». Or add your «Policies» to «default_rule». (by default)
Channel reservation
In this mode, the router supports active network interfaces, but uses them only in case of failure of another interface. To configure a reservation, you must perform the following steps:
Go to balancer settings.
Add the necessary network interfaces.
Add a «Member» for each network interface with a different metric and weight according to importance. The router will use interfaces from a smaller metric to a larger one. So you can divide the interfaces into groups in order of use.
Create «Policies» with the desired «Member».
Port forwarding for remote access via the Internet
To configure port forwarding, you must first enable the DMZ mode on the modem. To do this, in the browser enter the IP address The modem page is loaded. Then go to Settings->DMZ Settings.
In this section, specify the DMZ status - "Enable", as shown in the figure below. Click the "Apply"button.
Now let's proceed to setting up port forwarding on the router. So, in order to forward the desired port on the router, perform the following actions:
 1. go to Network-> Firewall;
 2. go to "Port forwarding" tab, as shown in the figure below;
 — in the «Name» field enter the name of your port. For example, «Remote Desktop» or «video surveillance»;
 in the field «Protocol» specify the type of protocol: TCP + UDP, TCP, UDP or other;;
 in the «External zone» field the WAN port is indicated;;
 in the «External port» field, enter the port number on the external WAN interface;
 — in the «Internal zone» field the LAN port is indicated
 — in the field «Internal IP address» specify the local address of the device to which the port is being forwarded;
 — in the field «Internal port» specify the port of the internal device;
After setting is completed, click the «Save and apply» button.
Work with the modem. Measurement of the signal level and quality determination
For more accurate measurement of the signal level of the operator in the modem has a built-in utility. With this utility you can more accurately point 3G/4G antenna to the base station of the cellular operator and get the maximum speed. For information on signal strength, go to the «?» menu.
As can be seen in the figure below, the RSSI signal level received by the modem from the base station is -57dBm. And the signal-to-noise ratio SINR is 0dB (high noise level).
The antenna must be configured so that the RSSI value is maximum (do not forget that it is negative, so the smaller the value, the higher the signal). SINR must be greater than zero. The higher the SINR value, the higher the useful signal relative to noise. For example, SINR = 10dB is a good signal.


text:
submitted by Jayanthi Narain
Lighting Up Camps: The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is funding an initial 75 solar lights for spontaneous settlements. USAID is working with the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and UNFPA to evaluate lighting needs in settlements and install lights where they're needed. These solar lights will make Haiti's displaced persons safer through a reliable and plentifully available source of energy.
Returning Homes to Habitability: As a model for future reconstruction efforts, USAID partner Pan American Development Foundation (PADF) is repairing houses damaged in the earthquake. PADF is producing a guide on training, cost analysis, and future house repairs based on this project for the Government of Haiti, and it will train builders and masons. Lessons learned from this project will be turned into post‐earthquake House Repair Guidelines specifically tailored to the Haitian context.
Reinforcing Houses: USAID has been working hand‐in‐hand with the United Nations Shelter Cluster to ensure that Haitians are prepared for the rainy season. Public outreach materials include posters in Haitian Creole such as this guide to reinforcing emergency housing.
For more information, email: _EMAIL_.


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Simultaneous wireless power and information transfer (SWIPT) in a cognitive radio (CR) network is considered where a multiple antenna energy harvesting (EH) secondary receiver (SR) harvests the energy using the antenna switching (AS) technique. In fact, the AS technique selects a subset of the SR antennas to decode the information (namely the information decoding (ID) antennas) and the rest to harvest the energy (namely the EH antennas). In this context, we propose a thresholding-based antenna selection strategy, termed as the prioritizing data selection (PDS) scheme, which selects the ID antennas such that the received power from the secondary transmitter (ST) at these antennas is above a certain threshold. For this scheme, we derive the analytic expressions of the probability mass function (PMF) of the selected ID antennas, the average harvested energy, and the outage probability. In the simulation results, we illustrate the performance of the PDS scheme and we compare it to the prioritizing energy selection (PES) scheme which selects the EH antennas such that the received power from ST at these antennas is above a certain threshold. For both schemes, we show that there is a tradeoff between the outage probability and the average harvested energy.
|Title of host publication||IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)|
|Number of pages||6|
|Publication status||Published - 31 Jul 2017|
- Receiving antennas
- Cognitive radio
- Transmitting antennas
- Radio transmitters


text:
|A wastewater treatment plant in southern Sóc Trăng City. — VNA/VNS Photo Trung Hiếu|
HÀ NỘI — A new technique that helps improve water drainage in urban areas has been proposed by a Japanese company. The technique will help clean underground pipelines without digging them up, saving energy and cost, and can be applied in emergencies.
The technique has been tested at a number of wastewater treatment plants in Hà Nội and the provinces of Quảng Ninh and Hà Nam. Unlike conventional wastewater treatment techniques, it does not require skilled manpower and has been proven to be effective immediately.
Kobayashi Noboru, director of the Sekisui Việt Nam Pipe Solutions Company, said yesterday that the technique can be applied along with conventional wastewater treatment system in Việt Nam in order to improve the quality of the water drainage system.
Việt Nam is going to be the first country in the world to apply the technique, he said at a conference on solutions for wastewater treatment and improving environment in Việt Nam.
The country had 800 urban areas by the end of last year and the urban population will reach 44 million by 2020 and 52 million by 2025, accounting for 45 and 50 per cent of the total population, according to official forecasts.
These changes require more efficient water supply and water drainage systems. However, there is currently no synchronisation between the systems since they were constructed over different periods of time without coordinated planning.
Some of the sewers have degraded, resulting in insufficient drainage capacity. Most of the wastewater is not treated before discharged.
Statistics from the Ministry of Construction show that there are currently 37 wastewater treatment plants in urban areas with a total capacity of 890,000cu.m per day, treating 12-13 per cent of the total amount of wastewater. One water drainage system is being used for all types of wastewater and rainwater in urban areas.
Several urban areas either have not built or are building domestic wastewater treatment plants. Domestic wastewater is only pretreated in septic tanks before discharged into receiving waters. The percentage of households whose domestic sewers are connected to the water drainage system is extremely low in some areas.
Water drainage is being hindered by sewers that are not wide enough and by the concreting of canals and trenches, leading to urban flooding in HCM City and Hà Nội after heavy rains, and in cities where floods rarely occurred before like Đà Nẵng, Cần Thơ, Quy Nhơn, Hải Phòng, and Nha Trang.
The development of industrial parks results in a major increase in the amount of wastewater. Surface water pollution in rivers, lakes and canals near industrial parks and craft villages – such as the basins of the Nhuệ, Đáy and Đồng Nai rivers – is getting more and more severe, affecting urban water supply.
Reuse of rainwater
A 2014 Government decree on water drainage and wastewater treatment encourages re-use of rainwater in order to reduce floods, saving water resources and reducing exploitation and use of groundwater and surface water sources. It provides preferential loan policies for organisations and individuals offering equipment and technologies for the treatment and re-use of rainwater.
The Ministry of Construction has signed an agreement with Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism on strengthening the collaboration on wastewater system management between the two ministries.
The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in Việt Nam is implementing several projects on improving water environment in the urban areas of HCM City, Hà Nội, Quảng Ninh, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng, Bình Dương and Huế. — VNS


A. If the DNS zone is Active Directory (AD)-integrated, meaning the DNS zone information is stored in AD, then an RODC's DNS information is read-only, like the content of AD.
If the DNS receives a write attempt, the DNS server will refer the client to a writable DNS server and then try and replicate from that writable DNS server after 30 seconds.
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text:
The expandable tree pane
is used to display and navigate the contents of the
citect.ini file using an expandable tree. Each
branch on the tree represents a section within the
citect.ini file, and each leaf item of that
branch represents the parameters within that section. You can
expand and collapse the tree nodes by clicking the "+" and "-" by
each element, just as you would in Windows Explorer.


text:
Definitions for water mill
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
a mill with machinery driven by water.
Origin of water mill:
a mill powered by a water wheel
a mill whose machinery is moved by water; -- distinguished from a windmill, and a steam mill


text:
Vehicle Speed Detection System
Automatic and contactless robust systems for speed assessment and movement
VEHICLE SPEED DETECTION sYSTEM
Intozi's 4D radar based vehicle speed detection system (VSDS) works perfectly by detecting the speed of vehicles along with ANPR in free flow traffic. It displays the warning for over speeding vehicles in real time on display to alert the speeding vehicle's driver. Cameras used in VSDS will be used to extract the vehicle class & registration number automatically and add on features like vehicle make, model and colour.
- Speed detection up to 270 Kmph
- Seamless integration with HTMS application
- Multi vehicle speed detection up to 256 objects simultaneously
- Highly accurate ANPR along with vehicle classification & count.
- Vehicle class & lane mapping
- Smart Reporting – Vehicle logs, violation logs, video clips, health monitoring
- The VASDS system is designed to display the speed of every vehicle on its display and provide real-time alerts to drivers who are over-speeding.
- It also streamlines the process of generating E-Challans, reducing manual effort and increasing efficiency.
- The VASD system allows custom messages to be broadcasted from a centralized command and control room to all locations.
- It can aid in providing real-time alerts to drivers and helping them adjust their driving behavior, thereby promoting road safety.
Still curious about how we can help?
Let's meet and discuss it!
INTOZI INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC CAMERA IN ACTION
See how well Intozi Traffic cameras are working around the world
It is about Intozi ANPR camera. Device having inbuilt smart dashboard and IoT features.
Highly accurate ANPR
Intozi's ANPR device is designed to keep a track on a range of traffic vehicles.
ANPR Camera Device
This is about Intozi ANPR Camera. India's first IoT enabled ANPR camera having inbuilt features.
Intozi's AI Enabled ANPR Solution


text:
LOGO Design For XJ Minimalistic Letters in Technology Industry
Logo Symbol: Letters
Related AI Images
AI Generated Logo Prompt Analysis
- Subject: Inspiration Behind the Logo Design The inspiration behind this logo design for XJ lies in the essence of minimalism, reflecting simplicity and sophistication. By incorporating the initials 'XJ' into the design, it communicates a direct association with the brand identity. This approach aligns with the modern aesthetic often favored within the technology industry, where clean and straightforward designs are highly valued. Subject: Symbolism of Colors and Graphics The choice of a clear background signifies transparency and openness, which are crucial values in the technology sector. The letters 'X' and 'J' are portrayed in a moderate style, avoiding overly intricate or bold graphics, thus maintaining a balance between professionalism and approachability. This moderation also suggests reliability and stability, qualities sought after in technology brands. Subject: Detailed Explanation of Design Elements The design focuses on the integration of the letters 'X' and 'J' in a visually appealing manner. The font style is carefully selected to be clear and legible, ensuring easy recognition even at smaller sizes. The absence of elaborate embellishments emphasizes the importance of the brand name itself, allowing it to stand out prominently. Subject: Design Style and Trends The design follows the trend of minimalism, which has gained popularity in recent years, especially in the technology industry. Such designs convey a sense of modernity and sophistication while remaining versatile across various digital and print mediums. By adhering to this style, the logo remains timeless and adaptable to future branding strategies.


Kilowatt into Volt-ampere

 numbers in scientific notation
Direct link to this calculator:
_URL_
Convert Kilowatt to Volt-ampere (kW to VA):
 1. Choose the right category from the selection list, in this case 'Power'.
 2. Next enter the value you want to convert. The basic operations of arithmetic: addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*, x), division (/, :, ÷), exponent (^), square root (√), brackets and π (pi) are all permitted at this point.
 3. From the selection list, choose the unit that corresponds to the value you want to convert, in this case 'Kilowatt [kW]'.
 4. Finally choose the unit you want the value to be converted to, in this case 'Volt-ampere [VA]'.
 5. Then, when the result appears, there is still the possibility of rounding it to a specific number of decimal places, whenever it makes sense to do so.
With this calculator, it is possible to enter the value to be converted together with the original measurement unit; for example, '747 Kilowatt'. In so doing, either the full name of the unit or its abbreviation can be usedas an example, either 'Kilowatt' or 'kW'. Then, the calculator determines the category of the measurement unit of measure that is to be converted, in this case 'Power'. After that, it converts the entered value into all of the appropriate units known to it. In the resulting list, you will be sure also to find the conversion you originally sought. Alternatively, the value to be converted can be entered as follows: '79 kW to VA' or '99 kW into VA' or '92 Kilowatt -> Volt-ampere' or '10 kW = VA' or '41 Kilowatt to VA' or '50 kW to Volt-ampere' or '24 Kilowatt into Volt-ampere'. For this alternative, the calculator also figures out immediately into which unit the original value is specifically to be converted. Regardless which of these possibilities one uses, it saves one the cumbersome search for the appropriate listing in long selection lists with myriad categories and countless supported units. All of that is taken over for us by the calculator and it gets the job done in a fraction of a second.
Furthermore, the calculator makes it possible to use mathematical expressions. As a result, not only can numbers be reckoned with one another, such as, for example, '(14 * 24) kW'. But different units of measurement can also be coupled with one another directly in the conversion. That could, for example, look like this: '747 Kilowatt + 2241 Volt-ampere' or '52mm x 74cm x 1dm = ? cm^3'. The units of measure combined in this way naturally have to fit together and make sense in the combination in question.
The mathematical functions sin, cos, tan and sqrt can also be used. Example: sin(π/2), cos(pi/2), tan(90°), sin(90) or sqrt(4).
If a check mark has been placed next to 'Numbers in scientific notation', the answer will appear as an exponential. For example, 5.641 678 961 006 4×1024. For this form of presentation, the number will be segmented into an exponent, here 24, and the actual number, here 5.641 678 961 006 4. For devices on which the possibilities for displaying numbers are limited, such as for example, pocket calculators, one also finds the way of writing numbers as 5.641 678 961 006 4E+24. In particular, this makes very large and very small numbers easier to read. If a check mark has not been placed at this spot, then the result is given in the customary way of writing numbers. For the above example, it would then look like this: 5 641 678 961 006 400 000 000 000. Independent of the presentation of the results, the maximum precision of this calculator is 14 places. That should be precise enough for most applications.


Distances from Yanguas de Eresma
As the Crow Flies
The distance between Yanguas de Eresma and New York City is 5,702 kilometers (3,543 miles).
Yanguas de Eresma is located in Castille and Leon, Spain. New York City (Population: 8,244,910) is located in New York, United States.
By Train
Calculating route...
The driving distance from Yanguas de Eresma to New York City is kilometers ( miles).
The driving time is estimated to be .
Time Offset
The time zone of Yanguas de Eresma is Central European Summer Time (CEST), the local time is 1:36 AM. The time zone of New York City is Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), the local time is 7:36 PM.
The time difference is 6 hours.
Exchange Rate
The currency of Spain is Euro. The currency of United States is US Dollar.
The exchange rate is EUR100.00 = USD120.62 and USD100.00 = EUR82.90.
Yanguas de Eresma (CEST)
1:36 AM
New York City (EDT)
7:36 PM


text:
The objective of this course is to provide a clear understanding of private septic systems, discuss the types of systems and their components, as well as explain how to perform proper inspections to ensure septic systems are in proper working order.
1. Inspecting Residential Septic Systems
2. Final Exam


text:
Simulating without negation
UNSPECIFIED. (1997) Simulating without negation. JOURNAL OF LOGIC AND COMPUTATION, 7 (4). pp. 501-522. ISSN 0955-792XFull text not available from this repository.
Although negation-free languages are widely used in logic and computer science, relatively little is known about their expressive power. To address this issue we consider kinds of non-symmetric bisimulations called directed simulations, and use these to analyse the expressive power and model theory of negation-free modal and temporal languages. We first use them to obtain preservation, safety and definability results for a simple negation-free modal language. We then obtain analogous results for stronger negation-free languages. Finally, we extend our methods to deal with languages with non-Boolean negation.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Electronic computers. Computer science. Computer software|
|Journal or Publication Title:||JOURNAL OF LOGIC AND COMPUTATION|
|Publisher:||OXFORD UNIV PRESS|
|Official Date:||August 1997|
|Number of Pages:||22|
|Page Range:||pp. 501-522|
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text: Dublin, Ireland is scheduled to constructing its first metro in 2010, with a pair of tunnels connecting the city center to the airport. This study presents first-order predictions of the anticipated soil settlement and related building damage for a single structure on the route. The structure is a 19th century, stone church on glacial till situated almost directly above the shallowest portion of one of the tunnel crowns and immediately adjacent to a station box. To assess potential damage, a settlement trough is predicted based on another recent Dublin tunnel and the anticipated settlement is applied to the church. Damage predictions based on these freefield predictions are made and then revised as to the anticipated impact of the structure itself based on building stiffness, which significantly reduces the maximum differential settlement from 63mm to 36mm resulting in minimal predicted damage.


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Farmers See Abnormal Ear Development This Season
If you saw abnormal corn ear development in your fields this year, you weren't alone. We've received a number of reports and questions from farmers across the Midwest who saw various corn ear abnormalities – including curved, bent and twisted ears.
Bent ears develop when variations in kernel set occur on one side of the corn ear versus the other. Various nutrient deficiencies and drought typically contribute to the problem.
Under nitrogen stress or drought we can see kernel abortion down one side of the ear and not the other side, causing the ear to bend when the kernels on the good side continue to grow and develop. The thing I look for is kernel abortion on the tip or coming down one side of the ear.
If the tip of the corn ear is curved and only partially filled up, the issue may be a boron deficiency. Twisted corn ears or irregular kernel rows can indicate insufficient phosphorus. Pull an ear leaf tissue test and a soil sample to rule out a boron or phosphorus deficiency.
For more information on abnormal corn ear development and the factors that contribute to it, check out the excellent information and poster of examples provided by the Ohio State University at the following link.
This blog is provided as an interactive way for you to have your questions answered by our Farm Journal Agronomists. E-mail your nitrogen, soil fertility, soil density, planter set up, scouting, and other questions to _EMAIL_.


text:
The term duration refers to the length of time over which the subjective effects of a psychoactive compound manifest themselves. This can be further broken down into (1) total duration (2) onset (3) come up (4) peak (5) offset and (6) after effects. Depending upon the substance consumed, each of these occurs in a separate and continuous fashion.
These are listed and described as follows:
The total duration of a substance can be defined as the amount of time it takes for the effects of a substance to completely wear off into sobriety, starting from the moment the substance is first administered.
The onset phase can be defined as the period until the very first changes in perception (i.e. "first alerts") are able to be detected.
The "come up" phase can be defined as the period between the first noticeable changes in perception and the point of highest subjective intensity. This is colloquially known as "coming up."
The peak phase can be defined as period of time in which the intensity of the substance's effects are at its height.
The offset phase can be defined as the amount of time in between the conclusion of the peak and shifting into a sober state. This is colloquially referred to as "coming down."
The after effects can be defined as any residual effects which may remain after the experience has reached its conclusion. This is colloquially known as a "hangover" or an "afterglow" depending on the substance and usage. It should be noted that the after effects of the substances listed on this site are not included as part of the total duration.


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Pubmed Article
Thyroid hormone upregulates zinc-?2-glycoprotein production in the liver but not in adipose tissue.
PLoS ONE
PUBLISHED: 01-01-2014
Overproduction of zinc-?2-glycoprotein by adipose tissue is crucial in accounting for the lipolysis occurring in cancer cachexia of certain malignant tumors. The main aim of this study was to explore whether thyroid hormone could enhance zinc-?2-glycoprotein production in adipose tissue. In addition, the regulation of zinc-?2-glycoprotein by thyroid hormone in the liver was investigated. We performed in vitro (HepG2 cells and primary human adipocytes) and in vivo (C57BL6/mice) experiments addressed to examine the effect of thyroid hormone on zinc-?2-glycoprotein production (mRNA and protein levels) in liver and visceral adipose tissue. We also measured the zinc-?2-glycoprotein serum levels in a cohort of patients before and after controlling their hyperthyroidism. Our results showed that thyroid hormone up-regulates zinc-?2-glycoprotein production in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the zinc-?2-glycoprotein proximal promoter contains functional thyroid hormone receptor binding sites that respond to thyroid hormone treatment in luciferase reporter gene assays in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, zinc-?2-glycoprotein induced lipolysis in HepG2 in a dose-dependent manner. Our in vivo experiments in mice confirmed the up-regulation of zinc-?2-glycoprotein induced by thyroid hormone in the liver, thus leading to a significant increase in zinc-?2-glycoprotein circulating levels. However, thyroid hormone did not regulate zinc-?2-glycoprotein production in either human or mouse adipocytes. Finally, in patients with hyperthyroidism a significant reduction of zinc-?2-glycoprotein serum levels was detected after treatment but was unrelated to body weight changes. We conclude that thyroid hormone up-regulates the production of zinc-?2-glycoprotein in the liver but not in the adipose tissue. The neutral effect of thyroid hormones on zinc-?2-glycoprotein expression in adipose tissue could be the reason why zinc-?2-glycoprotein is not related to weight loss in hyperthyroidism.
Authors: Anne-Sophie Delmarcelle, Mylah Villacorte, Anne-Christine Hick, Christophe E. Pierreux.
Published: 06-06-2014
ABSTRACT
The thyroid is a bilobated endocrine gland localized at the base of the neck, producing the thyroid hormones T3, T4, and calcitonin. T3 and T4 are produced by differentiated thyrocytes, organized in closed spheres called follicles, while calcitonin is synthesized by C-cells, interspersed in between the follicles and a dense network of blood capillaries. Although adult thyroid architecture and functions have been extensively described and studied, the formation of the "angio-follicular" units, the distribution of C-cells in the parenchyma and the paracrine communications between epithelial and endothelial cells is far from being understood. This method describes the sequential steps of mouse embryonic thyroid anlagen dissection and its culture on semiporous filters or on microscopy plastic slides. Within a period of four days, this culture system faithfully recapitulates in vivo thyroid development. Indeed, (i) bilobation of the organ occurs (for e12.5 explants), (ii) thyrocytes precursors organize into follicles and polarize, (iii) thyrocytes and C-cells differentiate, and (iv) endothelial cells present in the microdissected tissue proliferate, migrate into the thyroid lobes, and closely associate with the epithelial cells, as they do in vivo. Thyroid tissues can be obtained from wild type, knockout or fluorescent transgenic embryos. Moreover, explants culture can be manipulated by addition of inhibitors, blocking antibodies, growth factors, or even cells or conditioned medium. Ex vivo development can be analyzed in real-time, or at any time of the culture by immunostaining and RT-qPCR. In conclusion, thyroid explant culture combined with downstream whole-mount or on sections imaging and gene expression profiling provides a powerful system for manipulating and studying morphogenetic and differentiation events of thyroid organogenesis.
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Production of Apolipoprotein C-III Knockout Rabbits using Zinc Finger Nucleases
Authors: Dongshan Yang, Jifeng Zhang, Jie Xu, Tianqing Zhu, Yanbo Fan, Jianglin Fan, Y. Eugene Chen.
Institutions: University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Yamanashi.
Apolipoprotein (Apo) C-III (ApoCIII) resides on the surface of plasma chylomicron (CM), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). It has been recognized that high levels of plasma ApoCIII constitutea risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Elevated plasma ApoCIII level often correlates with insulin resistance, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia. Invaluable knowledge on the roles of ApoCIIIin lipid metabolisms and CVD has been obtained from transgenic mouse models including ApoCIII knockout (KO) mice; however, it is noted that the metabolism of lipoprotein in mice is different from that of humans in many aspects. It is not known until now whether elevated plasma ApoCIII is directly atherogenic. We worked to develop ApoCIII KO rabbits in the present study based on the hypothesis that rabbits can serve as a reasonablemodelfor studying human lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) sets targeting rabbit ApoCIIIgene were subjected to in vitro validation prior to embryo microinjection. The mRNA was injected to the cytoplasm of 35 rabbit pronuclear stage embryos, and evaluated the mutation rates at the blastocyst state. Of sixteen blastocysts that were assayed, a satisfactory 50% mutation rate (8/16) at the targeting site was achieved, supporting the use of Set 1 for in vivo experiments. Next, we microinjected 145 embryos with Set 1 mRNA, and transferred these embryos to 7 recipient rabbits. After 30 days gestation, 21 kits were born, out of which five were confirmed as ApoCIII KO rabbits after PCR sequencing assays. The KO animal rate (#KO kits/total born) was 23.8%. The overall production efficiency is 3.4% (5 kits/145 embryos transferred). The present work demonstrated that ZFN is a highly efficient method to produce KO rabbits. These ApoCIII KO rabbits are novel resources to study the roles of ApoCIII in lipid metabolisms.
Medicine, Issue 81, Apolipoprotein C-III, rabbits, knockout, zinc finger nuclease, cardiovascular diseases, lipid metabolism, ApoCIII
50957
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Two Methods of Heterokaryon Formation to Discover HCV Restriction Factors
Authors: Anne Frentzen, Kathrin Hueging, Julia Bitzegeio, Thomas Pietschmann, Eike Steinmann.
Institutions: Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, The Rockefeller University, NY.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic virus with a host-range restricted to humans and chimpanzees. Although HCV RNA replication has been observed in human non-hepatic and murine cell lines, the efficiency was very low and required long-term selection procedures using HCV replicon constructs expressing dominant antibiotic-selectable markers1-5. HCV in vitro research is therefore limited to human hepatoma cell lines permissive for virus entry and completion of the viral life cycle. Due to HCVs narrow species tropism, there is no immunocompetent small animal model available that sustains the complete HCV replication cycle 6-8. Inefficient replication of HCV in non-human cells e.g. of mouse origin is likely due to lack of genetic incompatibility of essential host dependency factors and/or expression of restriction factors. We investigated whether HCV propagation is suppressed by dominant restriction factors in either human cell lines derived from non-hepatic tissues or in mouse liver cell lines. To this end, we developed two independent conditional trans-complementation methods relying on somatic cell fusion. In both cases, completion of the viral replication cycle is only possible in the heterokaryons. Consequently, successful trans-complementation, which is determined by measuring de novo production of infectious viral progeny, indicates absence of dominant restrictions. Specifically, subgenomic HCV replicons carrying a luciferase transgene were transfected into highly permissive human hepatoma cells (Huh-7.5 cells). Subsequently, these cells were co-cultured and fused to various human and murine cells expressing HCV structural proteins core, envelope 1 and 2 (E1, E2) and accessory proteins p7 and


text:
By Joanna Martin
DAR ES SALAAM, Tanzania, 9 August 2011 – Violence against children is a serious human rights, social and public health issue in Tanzania, as in many other parts of the world. Violence erodes the strong foundation that children need to lead healthy and productive lives.
|VIDEO: UNICEF's Jacqueline Namfua reports on a national survey that reveals an urgent need to address sexual, physican and emotional violence against children in Tanzania. Watch in RealPlayer|
The results of a pioneering survey led by the Government of Tanzania, released today, reveal an urgent need to address violence against children across all sectors and in settings where children spend most of their time – including their homes, communities and schools.
The global prevalence of this problem was exposed in 2006 by the UN Secretary-General's Study on Violence against Children. The newly released national report, Violence Against Children in Tanzania, is based on a 2009 national survey conducted here with UNICEF's support. It explores the full extent of sexual, physical and emotional abuse against both boys and girls in Tanzania, and the consequences of that abuse.
|© UNICEF video|
|About 3 out of 10 girls and 1 out of 7 boys in mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar reported that they had experienced sexual violence, according to a UNICEF-supported national survey.|
A National Multi-Sector Task Force, chaired by the Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children, is collectively steering the research findings into action.
Sexual, physical and emotional abuse
As a member of the task force, Dr. Gideon Kwesigabo was part of the research team that has provided Tanzania with its first official national statistics capturing the true extent of violence against children, including sexual violence.
"Over 28 per cent of girls reported to have experienced sexual violence before they turned age 18," he said. "The corresponding figure for males is 13 per cent."
The figures for physical violence "are even more alarming," said Dr. Kwesigabo. According to the survey, 74 per cent of girls and 72 per cent of boys reported experiencing physical violence before they turned 18.
In addition, almost 24 per cent of girls and 28 per cent of boys said they had experienced emotional violence during childhood – "indicating that this particular problem is prevalent in our society, although it hasn't been investigated before," noted Dr. Kwesigabo.
|© UNICEF video|
|Almost three-quarters of Tanzanian girls and boys said in a survey that they had experienced physical violence before the age of 18, and 25 per cent said they had been subjected to emotional violence.|
Procedures to address violence
Tanzania has a new legal framework to respond to the needs of children at risk of violence and abuse. Its implementation is extremely timely in light of the survey results.
"Procedures need to be put in place and carefully followed, whether it is a child coming into school, a child coming into the health centre, a child visiting their social welfare officer, a child coming into contact with the police," said UNICEF Tanzania Chief of Child Protection Andrew Brooks.
"Currently, there are no procedures for those sectors to know what to do if a child's been abused," he added. The new legal framework defines such procedures.
Child protection teams
Zawadi (not her real name) was sexually abused at the age of 12 by her stepfather after her mother died. It was her teacher who raised the alarm and accompanied her to the police station.
|© UNICEF video|
|The Government of Tanzania has announced its commitment to address the findings of its national survey on violence against children.|
With the assistance of a functioning child protection team, the case was handled quickly and successfully. The perpetrator is serving a 30-year prison sentence, and Zawadi lives safely with her foster mother.
Now 15, Zawadi has been supported by a strengthened child protection system in Hai District.
As her case, shows, violence prevention and child protection work best through the systematic and effective engagement of all relevant ministries and levels of public administration – from health and education to social welfare, justice, and policing and community development.
Call to action by all sectors
"A distinctive and commendable characteristic of this survey is that even before it was officially launched, government and other stakeholders took steps to move from research into action," said UNICEF Representative in Tanzania Dorothy Rozga.
"With the support of all sectors," she added, "including local government, mass media, faith-based organizations and civil society, there is a very real possibility that Tanzania will successfully address sexual, physical and emotional violence against its children."
There is also a good chance that the ground-breaking survey on violence against children in Tanzania will influence what other countries on the African continent can do for their children.


text:
Project Number: 3098-13610-008-39-A
Project Type: Cooperative Agreement
Start Date: Sep 1, 2013
End Date: Jun 30, 2016
To determine areas and rates of water loss within the HC&S sugar cane plantation under canals and reservoirs. A better understanding of the water balance will allow more efficient water management and will potentially provide sustainable biofuel production.
Electrical resistivity techniques are being used to determine areas of active seepage under the reservoirs and flow paths under the reservoirs and dams. To quantify reservoir seepage, two techniques are being evaluated. The first is a seepage meter and the second is a ponding test. Because ponding water in canals is not feasible under HC&S operating conditions, Doppler radars are being used to quantify seepage rates under irrigation canals. Flow rates are measured at two sections of canal at a maximum distance that does not include outtakes. The difference in flow is the loss or seepage rate between the two sections.


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Safeguarding the Churches of Venice, Italy: A Computerized Catalogue and Restoration Analysis
The intent of this project was to contribute to the preservation of the churches of Venice. The goal was to develop a comprehensive catalogue of all the churches of Venice, based on the original catalogue produced by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1968. The new catalogue is a searchable database with updated information that is accessible from the World Wide Web. To achieve this goal there were three main objectives: computerization of the existing catalogue, updating the catalogue, and the creation of an Internet version of the catalogue so that the information may be distributed the world over.


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With a tie-in to Anosmia Awareness Day, the Monell Center has announced A Sense of Hope: The Monell Anosmia Project, a three-year $1.5M campaign to support a research and advocacy program focused on anosmia, the loss of the sense of smell.
The research goal is to identify the biological causes of smell loss in order to develop potential treatment approaches for this under-recognized disability.
According to the National Institutes of Health, about 1-2% of the American population reports a complete loss of the sense of smell. However, as no routine assessment of smell function exists, the incidence is likely to be considerably higher.
Although over 6 million Americans likely are affected, scientists and physicians have little understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms causing a loss of smell. To increase awareness about anosmia, Monell has launched a scrolling website created pro bono by Elefint Deigns, a California firm that specializes in strategic design for nonprofits and community organizations. Information about Monell's A Sense of Hope fundraising campaign is available here.


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Heavy clouds in Jakarta, Indonesia Adek Berry / AFP / SEE
At least 26 people have died and 60,000 are homeless in Jakarta, Indonesia's capital, after heavy rains hit the city during the night of Tuesday (31) and in the early hours of day 1.
According to meters installed at an airport east of the city, the storm poured 377 millimeters of water throughout the day over the capital, the highest reading since 1996.
Rivers that span the capital overflowed, flooding at least 169 neighborhoods. Serious landslides have also occurred in Bogor and Depok districts near Jakarta.
The information was released by National Disaster Management Agency spokesman Agus Wibowo.
Indonesian officials say the weather is likely to remain bad in the coming days, with further torrential rain expected until January 7.
With 30 million inhabitants, Jakarta is one of the cities most vulnerable to rising sea levels and floods on the planet.
In August 2019, Indonesian President Joko Widodo announced an ambitious plan to relocate the capital to a new location located east of Borneo Island.
Government institutions would begin to move to the new capital by 2024.
In addition to facing increasingly violent tides, a significant portion of the metropolis's soil is sagging due to the weight of the buildings.
According to experts, keeping the current pace, a third of the city can collapse and end up submerged by 2050.


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Snow Drift Management: A look at the dynamics of snow drifting and what can be done to keep drifts under control by Mark Bloomer
Drifting snow, like many things in nature, can be quite beautiful but can
also be very challenging and perhaps even dangerous. When snow falls,
it reaches the ground as a loose web of crystals. When the wind blows
these crystals, they grind into a fine powder.
The wind can pile these finely ground snow crystals into dunes of ice, often compact enough to walk on. The location and the formation of snow drifts depends on the pattern and behavior of the wind. Strong and turbulent wind will lift the snow and carry it. When the wind encounters objects that slow the wind and dampen the turbulence, the snow will settle forming drifts.
A snow fence can be an effective control for drifting snow, slowing the wind
and modifying air turbulence allowing blowing snow to settle around the
fence before reaching roads and parking areas where drifting is undesirable.
This photographs show a snow fence constructed by a driveway. The
view is looking north. Strong winds from the west carried blowing snow
"through" the fence where it was allowed to settle before reaching the road.
Two additional photographs following a blizzard showing the snow being deposited downwind from the snow fence and cresting just before the driveway.
This drawing illustrates the theory behind snow fences. To the left of the fence, strong gusty winds and low level turbulence carries the snow. The fence slows the wind and dampens much of the turbulence. Stronger winds blowing over the fence combine with slower winds in lieu of the fence resulting in clockwise turbulence downwind (looking north for a west wind). This turbulence helps to further slow the snow and wind which has passed through the fence, allowing snow to settle.
Below are diagrams showing the pattern of snow deposition in both porous fences (top illustration and upper sketch in the bottom illustration) and a solid fence (lower sketch in the bottom illustration). Both diagrams show maximum loads. Note that most of the snow in porous fences is deposited downwind from the fence, but some collects upwind.
This profile illustrates how a porous snow fence builds its load during consecutive snow/wind events. Initial deposition is near the fence as the snow builds vertically. Once the drifting has reached the height of the fence, more of the load builds out and away from the barrier.


text: Primary stability is essential for the success of cementless femoral stems. In this study, patient specific finite element (FE) models were used to assess changes in primary stability due to variability in patient anatomy, bone properties and stem alignment for two commonly used cementless femoral stems, Corail® and Summit® (DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, USA). Computed-tomography images of the femur were obtained for 8 males and 8 females. An automated algorithm was used to determine the stem position and size which minimized the endo-cortical space, and then span the plausible surgical envelope of implant positions constrained by the endo-cortical boundary. A total of 1952 models were generated and ran, each with a unique alignment scenario. Peak hip contact and muscle forces for stair climbing were scaled to the donor's body weight and applied to the model. The primary stability was assessed by comparing the implant micromotion and peri-prosthetic strains to thresholds (150 μm and 7000 µε respectively) above which fibrous tissue differentiation and bone damage are expected to prevail. Despite the wide range of implant positions included, FE prediction were mostly below the thresholds (medians: Corail®: 20–74 µm and 1150–2884 µε Summit®: 25–111 µm and 860–3010 µε), but sensitivity of micromotion and interfacial strains varied across femora, with the majority being sensitive (p < 0.0029) to average bone mineral density, cranio-caudal angle, post-implantation anteversion angle and lateral offset of the femur. The results confirm the relationship between implant position and primary stability was highly dependent on the patient and the stem design used.


Leslie Shah
Senior Facilitator; Facilitation Fellow, Spring 2019
Country of origin: USA
Date started with Soliya: 2018
Field of work: I am a public health professional, a Growing Diverse Leadership Coach, a mediator, a facilitator, and a mom. I actively practice non-violence. I work to support healthy human interaction.
One accomplishment that you're proud of: I am training to become a Teacher of English to Speakers of Other Languages. It was during a session that it became really clear to me that being able to speak, hear, write, and read in English is a way out of poverty, globally.
What about Soliya inspires/motivates you to be involved? When the group grows suddenly quiet with an understanding of who they are and how they are in relationship to each other, it is empathy in the making.
What can you be found doing when not working/facilitating/training? When I am not facilitating, I am writing poetry, working in or with anti-poverty programs, and doing homework.
Favorite food: All things Chinese food related.


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Sensor localization is one of the big problems when building large scale indoor sensor networks since GPS is unavailable in indoor environments. Many indoor localization systems have been proposed to tackle the sensor localization problem, yet user cooperation or many anchor nodes are required. In this paper, we propose a sensor localization system using WiFi APs as anchors. WiFi APs are largely installed in indoor environments and are managed by a network system manager. Using WiFi APs as anchors, we can localize sensor nodes without newly deployed anchor nodes. As a first step of our sensor localization system, this paper presents a WiFi AP-RSS monitoring system using sensor nodes. Sensor nodes are equipped with IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) modules, which cannot demodulate WiFi (IEEE 802.11) signals. We therefore developed a cross-technology signal extraction scheme on sensor nodes. We herein describe the design and implementation of our AP-RSS monitoring system. The experimental evaluations show that our AP-RSS monitoring system successfully retrieves AP-RSS with an average error of 1.26 dB.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Computer Science Applications
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Applied Mathematics


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A BAL 40 rating is the bush fire attack level and made to protect buildings from burning and from direct exposure to flames and high radiant heat.
The BAL 40 rules state the design and types of materials you can use:
- External walls
- Floors & subfloors
- External windows & doors
- Verandas, decks & patios
- Water & gas supply pipes
The BAL 40 requirements can add significantly to the cost of building so be sure to check this.
Please be aware that this article offers guidance only.
Bushfire Attack Level (BAL)
Description of predicted bushfire attack and levels of exposure
There is not sufficient risk to warrant exposure
Increasing levels of ember attack and burning debris ignited by wind borne embers together with increasing heat flux between 12.5 and 19kW/m2
Increasing levels of ember attack and burning debris ignited by wind borne embers together with increasing heat flux between 19 and 29kW/m220
Increasing levels of ember attack and burning debris ignited by wind borne embers together with increasing heat flux with the increased likelihood of exposure to flames
Direct exposure to flames from fire front in addition to heat flux and ember attack
You must seek professional advice and check your intended design complies with Council and code requirements before you go ahead with any building project.
It's good to check with your council to see on your specific block what your BAL rating is. Once you know that you can go on the hunt for the right building materials and builder.
We recommend if you're in or around the ACT and NSW especially the south coast to get your block rated and to know where you can build on a rural block is to contact a bush fire assessor. We highly recommend and have used Jeff who is full of wonderful information and reports the work with council in getting your building approved.
Jeff Dau – Principal Consultant at EMBER BUSHFIRE CONSULTING. His qualifications: BAppSc, GradDip Fire Safety Engineering, GradDip Bushfire Protection- Bushfire Protection and Design (Level 2).
Image and information used from the below websites:


Adding points
To add points to an existing plot, use points()
n = 50
set.seed(0)
x = sort(runif(n, min=-2, max=2))
y = x^3 + rnorm(n)
plot(x, y)
points(x, x^3, pch=20, col="red")
Adding lines
To add lines to an existing plot, use lines()
plot(x, y)
lines(x, x^3, col="red")
points() and lines() can be called multiple times
These functions can be called repeatedly, to continue adding to the current plotting window
plot(x, y)
lines(x, x^3, col=2)
lines(x, x^3 + qnorm(0.90), col=3)
lines(x, x^3 + qnorm(0.10), col=4)
Adding straight lines
To add a line of the form \(y = a+bx\) to an existing plot, use abline(). Can also add vertical or horizontal lines. Lastly, can set line type, width, and color, as usual
plot(x, y)
abline(a=0, b=3)
abline(h=0, lty=2, lwd=3, col="red")


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This isn't a special case. If you can post an answer that is useful and addresses the question and isn't just covering ground covered by other answers (on that question or another one), you should post it. Making a Stack Overflow answer useful usually (though not always) requires code, and code must be marked up properly. If you "can't" do that, don't post an answer. But you can do that.
should anyone refrain from answering if they can't format an answer, no matter the reason?
The only way a person can't format an answer is if the device they're using is missing a way to enter the necessary markdown formatting characters. I know of no such devices. (The only character I can think of that might be hard to find on a device is the backtick, which is only needed for inline code markup. Even on my ancient Samsung Galaxy [I dug it up], the backtick is readily accessible: I hit the button for symbols, and then the button for the second page of symbols, and there it is. But that's only needed for inline code; code blocks require nothing but spaces.)
So really, the question contains a logical fallacy. :-) It's asking what someone should do if they can't do X, when they can do X.
So, two answers:
No, don't post an answer if you cannot format the answer sufficiently. Perhaps post a comment suggesting what the answer might be.
Yes, you should post an answer (subject to the usual rules of usefulness) — because you can format it sufficiently.
Note that "sufficiently" needn't be all-singing, all-dancing. It may not be as thoroughly-formatted as you'd've done if you'd been sitting at a computer. But at a minimum, code must be marked up to be clear (four spaces per line, not challenging), and in general if clarity suffers for lack of formatting, that means said formatting is necessary.


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Pistachio Baklava. This Pistachio Baklava is one remarkable ending to the most special meal, whether in Ramadan or any time of the year. I have made baklava before in ways that stray far from tradition. This Turkish-style baklava tastes deeply and richly of pistachio nuts and butter, without the spices, honey or aromatics found in other versions.
This Baklava recipe reigns from Turkey were the best pistachios in. Try a nutty variation of a traditional classic Middle Eastern dessert. Baklawa (or Baklava) is a very popular sweet in many countries and regions: Middle East, Turkey, North Africa, and of course Morocco. You can cook Pistachio Baklava using 9 ingredients and 3 steps. Here is how you achieve it.
Ingredients of Pistachio Baklava
- Prepare 500 gm of Wheat flour.
- You need 50 gm of Milk powder.
- Prepare 5 ml of Vinegar.
- You need 250 ml of Sugar syrup.
- Prepare 200 gm of Breakfast sugar.
- Prepare 100 ml of Water.
- Prepare 8 ml of Lemon juice.
- Prepare 5 ml of Orange blossom water.
- You need 400 gm of Pistachio power.
It's simply made with layers of phyllo dough and nut filling. We wanted our baklava recipe to produce crisp, flaky, buttery lozenges, light yet rich, filled with fragrant nuts and spices, and sweetened just assertively enough to pair with a Turkish coffee. recipes. Spread walnuts on large rimmed baking sheet. Another sweetness from baklava family :pistachio baklava as the name it's been called with is I'll skip the name and simply call it pistachio baklava, it sounds more appropriate.
Pistachio Baklava instructions
- Step 1 Mix all the ingredients and knead well just to combine..
- Divide the dough to 50 g each. Step 2 Place on a tray. Dust some cornflour, cover with wet muslin cloth and rest overnight in chiller. Step 3 Roll the dough with the help of cornflour. Roll five thin sheets and keep on top of each other and roll again. Step 4 Brush with clarified butter..
- Cut in square shape and fill with fine chopped pistachio. Step 5 Place on a baking tray and pour clarified butter to soak the baklava. Bake.
Pistachio Baklava made with buttery layers of phyllo dough, ground pistachios & toasted cardamom, & drizzled in an orange honey glaze is an amazing treat! Among its ingredients is pistachio which is cultivated in Gaziantep and which is also known as "gray pistachio". Baklava is one of the world's best desserts, no doubt about it. Check out my detailed post on the Turkish version of this pastry with step-by-step photos! I've been so wrapped up with work the past few weeks that I kept missing sunsets and sunrises, except to notice that I missed them.


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About the Workshop
Funded by the Champlain Local Health Integration Network, this evidence-based program is designed to help people with chronic health conditions overcome daily challenges and take control of their health.
Who can participate?
- Ontario residents experiencing chronic conditions (such as arthritis, kidney disease, chronic pain, cancer, depression, asthma, respiratory disease or any other chronic condition).
- Individuals with all levels of computer skills can participate from anywhere that they can access a computer (or mobile device) and internet.
- Caregivers, friends, and family members are also welcome to participate.
About the Program
- A FREE, six-week, highly interactive workshop that takes place entirely online
- Participants log on at their own convenience 2-3 times per week for a total of about 2 hours per week
- Each workshop is led by two trained peer facilitators
- Groups of about 25 individuals participate together
- New lessons are posted each week
- Confidential and anonymous
Topics covered by the program include:
- How to handle issues such as pain and fatigue
- Activities for improving strength, flexibility, and endurance
- Medication management
- Healthy eating
- Effective communication with health care providers and loved ones
- Dealing with difficult emotions
- Making an action plan, problem-solving, and decision making
Benefits of Participation
- Gain confidence in managing your own health and maintain an active and fulfilling life
- Learn how to better manage your symptoms
- Learn tips to make your daily activities easier
- Develop self-help tools and strategies
- Mutual support with other participants living with chronic health conditions
Prefer an in-person workshop?
Click here to learn about in-person workshops in the various regions across Ontario.


Democracy Brett Murray's painting "The Spear."
Brett Murray's painting "The Spear."
Brett Murray's Painting "The Spear"
In the last two weeks, South Africans have been in an uproar over Brett Murray's painting "The Spear" which presents the figure of President Jacob Zuma in a Lenin-style pose with his genitals exposed.
The artist who painted the portrait, the Goodman Gallery which exhibited the painting and the City Press which published a photograph of the painting have all been accused of racism, and a lack of respect for human dignity. There were protests outside the Goodman Gallery; the painting was defaced; the matter was taken to court where an advocate was reduced to tears at the insult to the President and black people in general; the ANC led a formal protest march to the gallery; and demands have been made that the painting be taken down and photographs of it be removed from websites.
Barend la Grange and Louis Mabokela were arrested for defacing the painting at the Goodman Gallery. La Grange a white man and Mabokela, a black man, worked on the painting at the same time, but independently of each other. Strangely, it seems they were hardly aware of each other, did not even speak to each other. When they were arrested, the white man was treated with dignity but the black man was pushed around and handled very roughly by black policemen. This little noted complex of racist behaviour continued into the media. La Grange was invited to appear on TV programmes to explain his motive in defacing the painting. He said that he wanted to demonstrate that not all white people are racist. As far as I can tell, no one interviewed Mabokela, who was as intent on restoring human dignity. Why? Because he is black and not a prominent citizen? The complexity of racist attitudes that is implied in the treatment of these two men has been overlooked. Such subtleties cannot compete with exposed genitalia, but they are indicative of ingrained racism. As long as we take for granted that whites and blacks are to be treated differently, we will never be rid of racism
Andile Mngxitama, criticises the ANC for allowing such a situation to prevail. In his article, "Murray's 'Spear' exposed ANC's inability to deal with racism," (Sowetan, 29 May 2012) he writes: "Murray's painting is racist from beginning to end. The fact that the ANC has no language to explain and speak back to white arrogance speaks volumes about its state of mind as a party in power." This statement unwittingly echoes Brett Murray's view of the impotence of the ANC. Where Murray depicts it visually, Mngxitama depicts it verbally.
Puleng Mmila of Seokodibeng in an article "Painting is not racist" (Sowetan, 29 May 2012) writes: "... it is a fallacy to claim, as Mantashe and others seem to suggest, that the painting is an insult to all black people. ... To label all whites racist because of Murray's action is no different than labelling all blacks corrupt because they are in charge of the government, where graft is rife. What an iniquitous generalisation."
It is too easy, but very common in South Africa, to label racist that with which we do not agree. This tendency to label things racist diverts us from real issues and makes it difficult to solve actual problems. Mmila reminds us that the tendency to use the race card is in itself racist because it denies individual freedom, confines us to group-think and leads to racial stereotyping. Individual freedom is the cornerstone of democracy.
In news24 (Internet) article, " I Am Not A Racist", Brett Murray explains:
The Spear had a dual purpose: it was a work of protest or resistance art, and a satirical piece.
"For me, The Spear has a far broader meaning.... It is a metaphor for power, greed and patriarchy,"
"From my perspective as an artist, I felt a sense of betrayal, where heroes of the struggle now appeared to be corrupt, power-hungry and greedy, or where ideals that many had died or made sacrifices for were abandoned on the altar of expedience."
"For me, satire is critical entertainment. While I might be attacking and ridiculing specific targets, what I am actually doing is articulating my vision of an ideal world in which I want to live."
Many people in South Africa, Black and White, identify with these views. It is unfortunate that the real meaning of the painting was lost in the furore over human dignity and the witch hunt for racism. The penis was more compelling in itself rather than as "a metaphor for power, greed and patriarchy." The symbolism of the painting was completely lost. No one could see that the figure in the painting was symbolic.
It is time to recognise that we live in conflicting paradigms: tradition versus democracy.
We have consciously chosen democracy as a way of life. Our traditions are what we are born into and traditions are conservative. There can be no democracy without freedom of expression and that means the freedom to criticise. Democracy does not recognise sacred cows; everyone lives under scrutiny and is subject to criticism, even presidents. So we have to make up our minds. Do we have the courage for democracy? Or do we want the security of restricting social conventions? Do we want to live under authoritarianism again?
Muthal Naidoo
30 May 2012
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LaMoure, ND – Sewer and Water Improvements
LaMoure, ND had issues with sewer mains that were installed in the 1930s as a combined sanitary sewer and storm sewer. A small portion of the existing sanitary sewer mains were largely oversized as 18-inch and 24-inch vitrified clay pipe (VCP) sewer mains. The sanitary sewer mains were near the end of their useful life and were breaking down considerably.
Because the city is situated so closely to the James River, the city has high groundwater issues. This led to infiltration and inflow into their sanitary sewer system. The groundwater collected by the sanitary sewer system is then drained to the lift station and treated as wastewater. The excess groundwater caused extra pumping and extended lift station run times, decreasing the life span of the lift station pumps. During flooding, the city discharged the lift station directly into the James River to prevent sewer backups.
In 2012, the city replaced twelve blocks of sanitary sewer main as a start toward upgrading their sanitary sewer mains. In 2017, the city replaced 29 blocks of sanitary sewer, relined 6 blocks of sanitary sewer and installed one new block of sewer to fix an existing sewer service problem.
The city has replaced all the deteriorated and VCP sanitary sewer mains in the city by either full replacement or relining the existing mains. The project helped the city combat possible sewage backups during flooding periods and has cut lift station run times, reducing repair and replacement costs. To offset some of the groundwater issues and the reduced infiltration due to new sanitary sewer mains, 8 blocks of drain tile were installed in sewer replacement areas.
In areas of sewer replacement, new curb and gutter and asphalt streets were installed. In areas where sewer was relined, new curb and gutter was installed and the streets were maintained with an asphalt overlay. Sidewalk ramps in the project area were brought up to ADA standards, and throughout the project area, large lengths of sidewalk were replaced and added.