Wiring Diagram Database
Obd Socket Wiring Diagram
In Wiring Diagram225 views
Wiring Diagram Database
Top Suggestions Obd Socket Wiring Diagram :
Obd Socket Wiring Diagram In this illustration we will going to wire the mcp can bus breakout module see the system implementation diagram using the device Plug your car code reader into the diagnostic link connector under the dash component locators to help you find the part in your vehicle and wiring diagrams showing the connector position for I am from the netherlands and i would like to make an obd2 cable for my model s from late so the one with the second generation connector the blue one i ordered a self crimp obd connector from.
Obd Socket Wiring Diagram The wire number color and function of these pins are identified in the table below these are the pin numbers on the ddec iii and ddec iv vehicle connector on your ecm the vehicle harness plugs into Check the iat sensor connector with the key on and the engine off there needs to be a steady 5 volt reference voltage and a very good ground find and use the proper engine performance wiring diagram Diagnosing a p trouble code requires a mechanic to have an advanced scanner digital volt ohmmeter and the manufacturer s wiring diagram for the vehicle in question on hand the mechanic must.
Obd Socket Wiring Diagram Here is the wiring diagram of the analog cluster go directly to the 16 pole obd socket the same as the one used on the 8 8 pins cars on two lines that is present on r gs lc bikes from The actual repair usually consists of an inexpensive wire connector and some tape let s look at a simple cooling fan motor circuit if you look at the diagram you will see the circuit consists of I need a stereo wiring diagram for a impala lt nothing i was able to find online quite matched what my vehicle has to be more specific about what i need the below website has been helpful in.
How does a mechanic diagnose the p code to diagnose a p trouble code the mechanic needs to gather certain tools including an obd ii scanner a manufacturer s wiring diagram and a digital Wiring diagram see below i hooked it up last night and got nothing any ideas it could be that i have the wrong wire for switched power to the centech little brown wire but i am not sure i Notes negative pulse type b on keyless entry models five wire type c on non keyless models mastered from the driver switch power unlock pink green passenger kick door harness notes the gem.
People interested in Obd Socket Wiring Diagram also searched for :
It's possible to get or download caterpillar-wiring diagram from several websites. If you take a close look at the diagram you will observe the circuit includes the battery, relay, temperature sensor, wire, and a control, normally the engine control module. With an extensive collection of electronic symbols and components, it's been used among the most completed, easy and useful wiring diagram drawing program. Obd Socket Wiring Diagram. The wiring diagram on the opposite hand is particularly beneficial to an outside electrician. Sometimes wiring diagram may also refer to the architectural wiring program. The simplest approach to read a home wiring diagram is to begin at the source, or the major power supply. Basically, the home wiring diagram is simply utilized to reveal the DIYer where the wires are.
If you can't locate the information, get in touch with the manufacturer. The info in the diagram doesn't indicate a power or ground supply. The intention of the fuse is to safeguard the wiring and electrical components on its circuit. A typical watch's basic objective is to tell you the good time of day. When selecting the best type of computer cable to fulfill your requirements, it is very important to consider your upcoming technology plans.
Installing a tachometer on your Vehicles can assist in preventing critical repair problems, however. You might have a weak ground issue. The way the brain learns is a subject that still requires a good deal of study. How it learns can be associated by how it is able to create memories.
In a parallel circuit, each unit is directly linked to the power supply, so each system gets the exact voltage. There are 3 basic sorts of standard light switches. The circuit needs to be checked with a volt tester whatsoever points. Obd Socket Wiring Diagram. Each circuit displays a distinctive voltage condition. You are able to easily step up the voltage to the necessary level utilizing an inexpensive buck-boost transformer and steer clear of such issues. The voltage is the sum of electrical power produced by the battery. Be sure that the new fuse isn't blown, and carries the very same amperage.
Each fuse is going to have a suitable amp rating for those devices it's protecting. The wiring is merely a bit complicated. Our automotive wiring diagrams permit you to relish your new mobile electronics in place of spend countless hours attempting to work out which wires goes to which Ford part or component. Overall the wiring is really straight forward. There's a lot wiring that you've got to tie into your truck's wiring harness, but it's much easier to do than it seems. A ground wire offers short circuit protection and there's no neutral wire used. There's one particular wire leading from the distributor which may be used for the tachometer.
When you have just a single cable going into the box, you're at the close of the run, and you've got the simplest scenario possible. All trailer plugs and sockets are extremely easy to wire. The adapter has the essential crosslinks between the signals. Wiring a 7-pin plug on your truck can be a bit intimidating when you're looking at it from beyond the box.
The control box may have over three terminals. After you have the correct size box and have fed the cable to it, you're almost prepared to permit the wiring begin. Then there's also a fuse box that's for the body controls that is situated under the dash. Obd Socket Wiring Diagram. You will find that every circuit has to have a load and every load has to have a power side and a ground side. Make certain that the transformer nameplate power is enough to supply the load that you're connecting.
The bulb has to be in its socket. Your light can be wired to the receiver and don't require supply additional capacity to light as it can get power from receiver. In the event the brake lights aren't working, a police officer may block the vehicle and issue a warning to create the repair within a particular time limit. Even though you would still must power the relay with a power source or battery. Verify the power is off before trying to attach wires. In case it needs full capacity to begin, it won't operate in any way.
Replacing thermostat on your own without a Denver HVAC technician can be quite harrowing if you don't hook up the wiring correctly. After the plumbing was cut out, now you can get rid of the old pool pump. It's highly recommended to use a volt meter to make sure there is no voltage visiting the motor, sometimes breakers do not get the job done properly, also you might have turned off the incorrect breaker. Remote distance is left up to 500m. You may use a superior engine ground. The second, that's the most frequently encountered problem, is a weak ground in the computer system. Diagnosing an electrical short can be extremely tough and costly.
Wiring Diagram Database
Tags: #isuzu npr wiring diagram#e4od wiring diagram#97 dakota wiring diagram#usb charger wiring diagram#advance ballast wiring diagram#1998 dodge dakota wiring diagram#1997 dodge dakota wiring diagram#2001 honda civic wiring diagram#honda civic wiring diagram#auto mobile wiring diagrams
author
Author: Olga Schmidt
Don't ask me why I have such of an obsession with wires, but I do. My mother always said that ever since I've been able to walk, I would find things with wires and play with them and tear them apart, figure out how they worked and would be totally fascinated.
Related Wiring Diagram :
Leave a reply "Obd Socket Wiring Diagram"
Top


text:
Pre-recruitment medical examination
The employer has to organise the pre-recruitment medical examinations when hiring employees. It is to ensure that the employees are physically fit and able to fulfill the contract of employment.
The pre-recruitment medical examination is a compulsory medical examination.
The French labor code, article R 4624-10 states that :
This medical examination concerns every employee, whatever the length of his employment contract. This examination takes place not later than the end of the trial period. But in case of strengthened medical supervision, the pre-recruitment medical examination does take place before the employee starts working for the enterprise.
The pre-recruitment medical examination includes :
- A questioning to know personal and family medical history, workstations occupied in the past (what risks was the employee exposed to).
- A physical examination
- Tests such as :
- Eye test
- Urinary examinations
- Lung function test
- Hearing test
- The occupational physician can also prescribe other tests according to the occupational risks observed within the company : blood test, urine cytology, etc
Labor code, article R 4624-11, defines the objectives of this examination :
1° to be sure the worker is physically fit to perform the work for which he would be recruited,
2 to propose modifications of the workstation, if it is necessary,
3° to know if the employee has a dangerous illness for the other workers,
4° to inform the worker about risks at the workstation, which health surveillance will be necessary,
5° and how he can protect from this hazards.
A report is filed by the occupational physician after each medical examination. The doctor has to give his opinion : the employee is fit or unfit to work, a workstation layout is necessary, etc
One copy of this certificate is given to the employer and the other is for the employee. Usually the occupational physician keep a copy too in the medical record of occupational health.
Time spent on the medical examination and on prescribed tests is taken on working time or is compensated and tranport costs too.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
March 9, 2009--
This spider-hunting wasp is one of 19 new species recently found in Australia
--most of them in Western Australia state, considered a "hotbed of biodiversity," scientists announced.
hunt down and paralyze spiders, which are later eaten alive by the wasps' developing larvae.
In all, scientists found 11 spiders and spider relatives, 3 crustaceans, 2 insects, a mollusc, a worm, and a sponge.
(Related pictures: "Cyanide Millipede, Huge Spider Among New Species."
"The discovery of new species of life on Earth is an ongoing and exciting process," study author Mark Harvey, head of terrestrial zoology at the Western Australian Museum, said in a statement.
"The future of all life on this fragile planet depends on how quickly we can recognize, document, and describe new species," added Harvey, whose discoveries appeared recently in the journal Records of the Western Australian Museum.
- More Photos in the News
- Today's 15 Most Read Stories
- Free Email Newsletter: Photo of the Month
Photograph courtesy Mark Harvey, Western Australian Museum

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Rapidly design, develop, and test cross-platform web applications
The Sencha Web Application Development platform simplifies the challenges of managing the software development lifecycle of web applications. Now you can seamlessly design, develop, and test data-intensive web applications and deliver the right user experience, on the right screen, at the right time.
Sencha Platform for Web Application Development
The Sencha portfolio of products and services forms an integrated, modular platform for designing, developing, and testing your cross-platform web applications. Sencha products can be deployed separately or together to form an end-to-end solution. With the Sencha Platform you can prototype, develop, theme, debug, and test your web applications on any device running any browser.
The Sencha platform helps you accelerate your web application development efforts with out-of-the box theming capabilities across all applications. We can help teams:
- Design visually compelling web applications using pre-built and pre-tested components.
- Improve agility and the overall design process with tools and resources, including Sencha Stencils, that make it faster and easier to mock up, style, prototype, and evaluate interface designs.
- Enhance collaboration between line-of-business and IT teams to move apps quickly to the development phase.
- Create customized themes in a visual environment, using Sencha Themer, without writing a single line of code.
- Build better applications faster with an enterprise-ready framework. See a comparison with other frameworks.
- Improve development efficiency by automatically handling critical issues such as rendering and cross-browser testing.
- Build higher quality applications with tightly integrated and well-tested libraries and components.
- Develop once for multiple platforms and devices.
- Improve productivity with a rich set of web application tools including JetBrains, Visual Studio, and Eclipse IDE plugins.
- Code and debug web applications just once for multiple device types – desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
Sencha Test provides the most comprehensive solution for testing Ext JS applications. We help developers and QA teams:
- Leverage the power of WebDriver in Sencha Test to create end-to-end tests.
- Run tests on any or all browsers on a local machine, connected mobile device, or on a browser farm.
- Maximize testing efficiency through automated test runs.
- Review results from automated and manual test runs.
- Identify and rectify code coverage gaps.
- Perform visual screen comparisons across test runs.
- Create robust tests by leveraging the deep integration between Sencha Test and Ext JS.
Learn More: Sencha Test
An Open Platform
We provide an open platform that integrates into your current IT environment. It integrates with back-end systems such as SAP and with Single Sign on, LDAP and more. Products in the Sencha Platform can be purchased individually.
The Sencha Platform is backed by expert support and services that round out the solution. Our dedicated team of engineers and consultants provides deep technical training, customized implementation, technical support, and professional services that include:
- Application Modernization
- Enterprise Mentoring and Architectural Planning
- Dedicated Development Experts
- Code Review and Best Practices Knowledge Transfer
- Custom Component Development
- UI/UX Design Assistance
- Test Development and CI Integration


distributed-process-simplelocalnetSimple zero-configuration backend for Cloud Haskell
Safe HaskellNone
To simplify getting started we provide special support for master and slave nodes (see startSlave and startMaster). Use of these functions is completely optional; you can use the local backend without making use of the predefined master and slave nodes.
Minimal example
 import System.Environment (getArgs)
 import Control.Distributed.Process
 import Control.Distributed.Process.Node (initRemoteTable)
 import Control.Distributed.Process.Backend.SimpleLocalnet
 master :: Backend -> [NodeId] -> Process ()
 master backend slaves = do
 -- Do something interesting with the slaves
 liftIO. putStrLn $ "Slaves: " ++ show slaves
 -- Terminate the slaves when the master terminates (this is optional)
 terminateAllSlaves backend
 main :: IO ()
 main = do
 args <- getArgs
 case args of
 ["master", host, port] -> do
 backend <- initializeBackend host port initRemoteTable
 startMaster backend (master backend)
 ["slave", host, port] -> do
 backend <- initializeBackend host port initRemoteTable
 startSlave backend
Compiling and Running
Save to example.hs and compile using
 ghc -threaded example.hs
Fire up some slave nodes (for the example, we run them on a single machine):
./example slave localhost 8080 &
./example slave localhost 8081 &
./example slave localhost 8082 &
./example slave localhost 8083 &
And start the master node:
./example master localhost 8084
which should then output:
 Slaves: [nid://localhost:8083:0,nid://localhost:8082:0,nid://localhost:8081:0,nid://localhost:8080:0]
at which point the slaves should exit.
To run the example on multiple machines, you could run
./example slave 8080 &
./example slave 8080 &
./example slave 8080 &
./example slave 8080 &
on four different machines (with IP addresses, and run the master on a fifth node (or on any of the four machines that run the slave nodes).
It is important that every node has a unique (hostname, port number) pair, and that the hostname you use to initialize the node can be resolved by peer nodes. In other words, if you start a node and pass hostname localhost then peer nodes won't be able to reach it because localhost will resolve to a different IP address for them.
If you try the above example and the master process cannot find any slaves, then it might be that your firewall settings do not allow for UDP multicast (in particular, the default iptables on some Linux distributions might not allow it).
data Backend Source
Local backend
newLocalNode :: IO LocalNode
Create a new local node
findPeers :: Int -> IO [NodeId]
findPeers t broadcasts a who's there? message on the local network, waits t msec, and then collects and returns the answers. You can use this to dynamically discover peer nodes.
redirectLogsHere :: [ProcessId] -> Process ()
Make sure that all log messages are printed by the logger on the current node
Slave nodes
startSlave :: Backend -> IO ()Source
Calling slave sets up a new local node and then waits. You start processes on the slave by calling spawn from other nodes.
This function does not return. The only way to exit the slave is to CTRL-C the process or call terminateSlave from another node.
terminateSlave :: NodeId -> Process ()Source
Terminate the slave at the given node ID
findSlaves :: Backend -> Process [ProcessId]Source
Find slave nodes
terminateAllSlaves :: Backend -> Process ()Source
Terminate all slaves
Master nodes
startMaster :: Backend -> ([NodeId] -> Process ()) -> IO ()Source
startMaster finds all slaves currently available on the local network, redirects all log messages to itself, and then calls the specified process, passing the list of slaves nodes.
Terminates when the specified process terminates. If you want to terminate the slaves when the master terminates, you should manually call terminateAllSlaves.
If you start more slave nodes after having started the master node, you can discover them with later calls to findSlaves, but be aware that you will need to call redirectLogHere to redirect their logs to the master node.
Note that you can use functionality of SimpleLocalnet directly (through Backend), instead of using'startMaster'/'startSlave', if the master/slave distinction does not suit your application.


The 'Real' Triple Crown
2002-195 trophy
In 2006 a silver shield was produced as the physical embodiment of an idea that had existed since 1894. The Triple Crown was first made reference to by the Irish Times in 1894 after Ireland had defeated England, Wales and Scotland in a single season for the first time. Since then the notion of a mythical crown has been a firm part of rugby lexicon and the Triple Crown is one of several accolades contested annually during the 6-Nations Championship.
1914 Triple Crown Illustration
However the 2006 shield was not the first such trophy to have been proposed. In 1975 Dave Merrington, a retired miner from County Durham, sculpted an ornate crown embellished with an English rose, Irish shamrock, Scottish thistle and Welsh Prince of Wales feathers out of a piece of coal that had been hewn from the Haig Colliery in Whitehaven, Cumbria.
This 'Real' Triple Crown was then offered to the four home unions as a trophy for whichever team successfully defeated the other three. Tudor Jones, sports editor for Coal News, campaigned for several years to have the trophy accepted by the unions but eventually conceded defeat when Gareth Edwards and Gerald Davies, themselves sons of miners, sIMG_0554aid that they would prefer for the crown to remain the stuff of legend.
The 'Real' Triple Crown however lived on. In 2000 it was formally presented to the World Rugby Museum by former England centre Jeff Butterfield.
Follow the World Rugby Museum on Facebook and Twitter
This entry was posted in England, Ireland, Museum Collection, Scotland, Wales. Bookmark the permalink.
5 Responses to The 'Real' Triple Crown
 1. Phil Mead says:
 There are several types of coal, with different calorific values and density. The coal used for the Triple Crown is anthracite, which is very hard and has a high calorific value and therefore expensive to buy.
 Liked by 1 person
 2. Huw Richards says:
 The timing is interesting. 1894 completed a cycle, never since repeated, in which all four countries won in turn in as many seasons. That also included the first Triple Crowns for Scotland (1891), Wales (1893) and Ireland (1894). So it marks a point at which beating the other three becomes a serious feat, since all are potential winners themselves. There's a similar significance to the arrival of the Grand Slam as a concept in the late 1950s. I interviewed several players who took part in Wales's Grand Slam seasons of 1950 and 1952 more than 50 years after that achievement. They all remembered it in terms of the Triple Crown. That's because it was still assumed that any team good enough to win the Triple Crown would also beat France. By the mid 1950s this was no longer the case (and only about half the Triple Crown winners since have completed a Slam) so the new term reflected a changing reality.
 Liked by 2 people
 - Thanks Huw, that's interesting to hear the 1950s Welsh player's perspective. Our understanding is that it was the Times newspaper that first coined the term 'Grand Slam' (as it applies to northern hemisphere rugby) the day before England achieved a clean-sweep in 1957.
 3. Carin meider says:
 Who was the 1st team to win The Triple Crown made from Coal
 4. Hi Carin, the trophy was never awarded but Wales were the first side to win a Triple Crown (1976) after it was carved.
Leave a Reply
You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change )
Google photo
Twitter picture
Facebook photo
Connecting to %s


text:
- Dec 1, 2023
Skybox Imaging Captures World's First High-Resolution, HD Video of Earth from Space
Skybox Imaging (Skybox) announced today the release of the world's first high-resolution, high-definition video of Earth taken by a commercial remote sensing satellite.
These videos were taken by SkySat-1, the first of Skybox's planned constellation of 24 satellites, and showcase high-resolution views of Tokyo, Bangkok, Baltimore, Las Vegas, and Aleppo, Syria. The video clips have not yet been calibrated or tuned.
SkySat-1 captures up to 90-second video clips at 30 frames per second. The resolution is high enough to view objects like shipping containers that impact the global economy while maintaining a level of clarity that does not determine human activity. To watch the video in 1080p HD resolution, please view on Skybox's YouTube channel here.
SkySat-1 also captures some of the highest quality color imagery of any commercial satellite and is capable of sub-meter native color and near-infrared imagery.
"The most revolutionary fact is that SkySat-1 was built and launched for more than an order of magnitude less cost than traditional sub-meter imaging satellites," said Tom Ingersoll, CEO of Skybox. "This extremely high performance satellite is made possible by proprietary technologies developed by Skybox, including the integrated satellite and imaging systems designs, which enable Skybox to launch a constellation of satellites that can provide imagery timeliness, quality and dependability that was never before possible."
The business applications for satellite imagery and now, dynamic satellite video, are innumerable – ranging from supply chain monitoring to maritime awareness, industrial plant activity monitoring to environmental and humanitarian relief monitoring.
"This is an important inflection point for the remote sensing industry and for businesses of all sizes around the globe," said Dan Berkenstock, co-founder and chief product officer of Skybox. "This milestone demonstrates that high-quality, high-resolution imagery can now be delivered in a timely, accessible and affordable way. By leveraging Silicon Valley web technologies, we're pioneering a data platform that is leading a new generation of applications for the global markets of today and for new markets yet to be realized."
Skybox has raised $91 million from Khosla Ventures, Bessemer Venture Partners, Canaan Partners and Norwest Venture Partners.
SkySat-2, an identical version of SkySat-1, is scheduled to launch in early 2014. More unique capabilities based on Skybox's proprietary technologies will be announced in the near future.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Scientists used X-Ray fluorescence to discover hidden text written by Archimedes:
"When the X-rays hit an iron atom it emits a characteristic radiation, it glows," says Dr Bergmann. "When you record the glow you can reconstruct an image of all of the iron in the book."
The glowing words are displayed on a computer screen, giving the researchers the first glimpse of the text in nearly 800 years.
"It's like receiving a fax from the 3rd Century BC," said Mr Noel. "It's the most sensational feeling."


text:
THE STIFFNESS PROPERTIES OF STRESSED FABRICS AS OBTAINED FROM MODEL TESTS
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC
Pagination or Media Count:
The stiffness properties of a nylon-neoprene fabric material subjected to uniaxial, biaxial, or shear stresses as obtained from tests of simple models are presented. The stiffness properties are applicable to problems involving applied loads after the fabric is in an initial state of biaxial tension such as occurs upon inflation. The results demonstrate the inadequacy of uniaxial tests in obtaining the stiffness properties to be used in the design and analysis of inflatable fabric structures. To obtain proper stiffness values for use in the design and analysis of stressed fabric structures, tests of simple models of the type presented, subjected to stress conditions similar to those anticipated in the full-scale design, are recommended.


Hypocalymma angustifolia
Meaning of name: Hypocalymma is from the Greek words hypo, meaning under, and calymma, meaning a covering or hood. It refers to the cap of the calyx in bud. Angustifolia is from the Latin words angustus, meaning narrow, and folium, meaning leaf.
Aboriginal name: Koodgeed.
Aboriginal use: The leaves were used to relieve headaches and nasal congestion. They were also used in the treatment of skin conditions.
Distribution: Occurs from Geraldton to Albany.
Remarks: An open shrub to 1.5 metres tall. The white to pink flowers are produced from July to October.
References: Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings, a Glossary. FA Sharr. 1996.
Flora of the Perth Region. NG Marchant, JR Wheeler, BL Rye, EM Bennett, NS Lander, TD Macfarlane. 1987.
Noongar Bush Medicine, Medicinal Plants of the South-west of Western Australia. Vivienne Hansen & John Horsfall. 2016


text:
Market conditions is a term that refers to the state of an industry or economy. The term is commonly used in reference to stock and real estate markets, which are often described as being volatile or stable. These conditions are an indicator used by many to influence their decisions. These indicators, however, do not translate in the same way for all parties. Furthermore, they generally cannot be relied on for extended periods without reevaluation because market conditions are rarely permanent.
The fluctuation of markets is driven by a wide range of factors. A primary example is the economy. The flow of money, the access to credit, and the stability of employment play a major role in the state of markets locally, nationally, and globally. Market conditions can therefore refer to an overall state of affairs or to the condition of a particular industry.
Consider the stock market, which is very broad because it is composed of interests in a wide range of industries. During times when an economy is generally considered bad, the stock market may suffer because investors may inject less money than they previously had. In this instance, overall, the market may be summarized as being down.
That the market is down, however, may not be representative of the condition of every industry or business on the stock market. There may be specific industries, such as precious metals, that do exceptionally well during this period. Within the precious metals industry, however, there may be companies that perform very poorly.
People normally take note of market conditions to help them make certain decisions. This can be particularly important for businesses and for investors. It is important, however, for those making decisions to avoid relying too heavily on general descriptions. At the same time, it can also be important for individuals to avoid ignoring market conditions or the factors that are influencing them.
Market conditions are important indicators. They often determine who should act and in what capacity they should do so at a given time. For example, depending on the state of the real estate industry, it may be considered a buyers' market or a sellers' market. This means that the conditions at a given time favor one group over the other. During a buyer's market, sellers may be inclined to hold their properties because prices are low, which will result in losses if they decide to act.
Although the state of affairs may be described as volatile or stable at a given point, market conditions themselves are generally volatile. Conditions may change rapidly or after some time. For this reason, business entities and investors cannot rely solely on present conditions over the long term without reevaluation. Doing so will result in decision making based on outdated indicators, which could be devastating.
What Are the Four Conditions of a Purely Competitive Market?
A purely competitive market, also referred to as a perfectly competitive market, describes a hypothetical market structure characterized by four specific conditions: a sizable number of buyers and small-scale firms, sellers with identical products, no restrictions to market entry and exit, and comprehensive knowledge of products and prices available to buyers and sellers. This model exists only when these conditions are present.
Many Buyers, Many Sellers
Unlike in a monopolistic structure, no single firm dominates a purely competitive market. Instead, there are many sellers and each one represents a small portion of the overall market share.
Buyers are plentiful, too, which along with the number of sellers, stabilizes supply and demand.
Consumer preferences play little to no role in a purely competitive market as products have no distinguishable features. As a result, prices are determined by supply and demand, not sellers. This is known as price-taking, in which firms must either accept the market price or risk losing business. Even raising prices by a fraction will drive customers to competitors.
Free Entry and Exit
In a purely competitive market, businesses enjoy zero barriers to entering and exiting the market. Loose or nonexistent government regulations and low startup costs make it easier for new companies to enter the marketplace.
Relevant Information for Sellers and Buyers
The theoretical structure of a purely competitive market gives buyers and sellers complete and accurate information regarding prices and the products being sold. Details about the products can include production techniques, item specifications, and quality assurances. This knowledge supports the decision-making process for consumers and businesses.
One criticism of this market model is that it is a pendulum that rarely swings. Products, pricing, and levels of supply and demand often remain stagnant, and there is no room or incentive for innovation.
What Conditions Must Exist Before a Marketing Exchange Can Occur?
A marketing exchange is when two or more parties engage in a transfer of goods, services, or intellectual property. This is a mutually beneficial arrangement in which each participant gains something of value by offering a useful commodity that the other party desires in return. Five conditions must be met for an exchange to take place:
- There must be at least two parties. Exchange potential only exists when a minimum of two parties are interested in facilitating a trade.
- Each party must possess something deemed valuable by the other. For a successful change to occur, every participant needs to feel confident they are getting more than what they are giving.
- Everyone involved in the exchange should be willing and able to communicate effectively, meet agreed-upon expectations and follow through on delivery. Establishing and maintaining trust is key to ensuring a satisfactory transaction and securing future exchanges.
- All parties must be able to accept or reject the proposed terms of an exchange. The intended result of any marketing exchange is to obtain something that satisfies a particular want or need. Any party should be free to negotiate if they consider offers to be insufficient or unsatisfactory. There should also be an option to withdraw so long as no violations of any legal agreements exist.
- Each party is committed to the exchange and can trust that the other party will approach the transaction with the same resolve. Before initiating an exchange, interested parties must determine the suitability of prospective participants. Once both parties are on board, all correspondence relating to the exchange should be clear, respectful, and sincere.
What Conditions Can Cause a Market Failure?
An ideal market maintains an equilibrium between supply and demand. Any disruption to the balance can create a market failure, which is the inefficient organization, production, distribution, and allocation of goods and services. Market failures can occur for a number of reasons but are commonly attributed to one or more of the following causes: negative externalities, public goods, and disproportionate market control.
Externalities refer to consequences inflicted on a party that is not directly involved in marketing activities. These effects can provide a benefit (positive externality) or impose an unwanted cost (negative externality). Excessive noise, pollution, and congestion are examples of negative externalities that can adversely impact markets by posing ethical, political, social, or public health issues.
Public goods such as national defense, education, and infrastructure are provided by a central entity, typically the government, to all consumers regardless of ability to pay. As a result, it's near-impossible to produce an optimal amount of public goods.
Disproportionate Market Control
In a monopolistic structure, a single supplier holds majority market power. This concentrated control effectively eliminates competition resulting in inadequate supply, poor quality products, and premium prices.


text:
USGS Body-Wave Moment Tensor Solution
NORTHERN MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
13/06/24 22:04:13.53 Epicenter: 10.719 -42.624 MW 6.4 USGS MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTION Depth 8 No. of sta: 88 Moment Tensor; Scale 10**18 Nm Mrr=-0.08 Mtt=-0.43 Mpp= 0.50 Mrt= 0.72 Mrp= 0.89 Mtp=-4.57 Principal axes: T Val= 4.63 Plg= 2 Azm=228 N 0.19 76 327 P -4.82 13 138 Best Double Couple:Mo=4.7*10**18 NP1:Strike=182 Dip=82 Slip= -11 NP2: 274 79 -172
The figure above shows a visual representation of the style of faulting (focal mechanism) derived from the estimated moment tensor. Shaded areas show quadrants of the focal sphere in which the P-wave first-motions are away from the source, and unshaded areas show quadrants in which the P-wave first-motions are toward the source. The dots represent the axis of maximum compressional strain (in black, called the "P-axis") and the axis of maximum extensional strain (in white, called the "T-axis") resulting from the earthquake.


text:
This common Sonoran Desert woodpecker makes nest cavities in the sides of saguaros inbetween the skin and the inner ribs (the outer cortex) of the cactus. With the saguaro tissue serving as insulation, these cavities provide safety from predators and refuge from extreme temperatures.
Do woodpeckers eat saguaro cactus?
Gila Woodpeckers eat insects, small vertebrates, and berries. They peck, glean, and probe in cacti, trees, and shrubs. … When saguaro and other cactus fruits, mistletoe, or lycium berries are available, Gila Woodpeckers consume large quantities.
What does a Gila woodpecker do in a cactus?
While most woodpeckers excavate nest cavities in dead trees, Gila Woodpeckers dig out nest holes in living saguaro cactus that tower above the arid landscape. This neat brownish woodpecker with black-and-white striped back eats insects, berries, and cactus fruit.
What birds make holes in saguaro cactus?
Saguaro cacti are host to a great variety of animals. The gilded flicker and Gila woodpecker excavate nest cavities inside the saguaro's pulpy flesh. When a woodpecker abandons a cavity, elf owls, screech owls, purple martins, finches and sparrows may move in.
Do woodpeckers eat cactus?
Gila Woodpeckers eat mainly insects, but they will also eat cactus fruits, mistletoe berries and other seasonal fruits. They have adapted to human populations by learning to hang onto backyard hummingbird feeders and lick up the sugary water.
What type of animal is the Gila woodpecker?
The Gila is a species of woodpecker birds found in the Sonoran Desert. It is a medium sized bird of the desert regions living in the southwestern part of United States.
What does a woodpecker eat?
They like to eat suet, suet blends, Bark Butter, peanuts, tree nuts, mealworms, Seeds: sunflower, sunflower chips, cracked corn, fruits, and nectar.
Do snakes eat woodpeckers?
Common predators of woodpeckers include wild cats, snakes, foxes, large birds and rats, although other animals may also prey on the woodpecker. … Many of the insects the woodpecker eats are derived from its characteristic pecking on tree bark to extract the insects lurking within.
Do Gila Woodpeckers mate for life?
Gila woodpeckers mate for life—unlike polygamous Acorn woodpeckers. During spring and summer, they are capable of producing two clutches of eggs—three to five each time– and gestation period is only two weeks. … A male Gila woodpecker peeks out of its nest in a Saguaro cactus.
Do woodpeckers eat other birds brains?
My point: Woodpeckers are beautiful, brilliantly-adapted birds that have found a way to thrive across a diverse range of habitats by eating whatever they can get their clever little tongues around. You can call them needle-nosed zombies because they eat brains and babies, or you can call them survivors.
What animal eats saguaro cactus?
Many animals eat the Saguaro Cactus; the Long-Nosed bat, bees, wasps, ants, and butterflies drink the nectar of the Cactus flower. Small animals such as the Pack Rat, and Pocket Mice will come to eat the Cactus.
Why do saguaro cactus have holes?
The bird pecks through the cactus skin, then excavates downward to hollow out a space for its nest. When the saguaro dies, its soft flesh rots, but its woody infrastructure lasts much longer. So does the hollowed-out callus whose roughly boot-like shape gives it the name of "saguaro boot."
How are saguaro boots made?
A saguaro "boot," formed when a bird pecks out a hole in a saguaro cactus, forming a hardened shell that is then used as a nest. Several kinds of birds create these nest holes, including the Gila woodpecker and gilded flicker.
What is a woodpecker predator?
Bobcats, coyotes, foxes, and hawks are some of the predators that eat woodpeckers. Snakes and other birds also rob their nests of eggs. What does a woodpecker look like? Many species have red heads or a red crest on their head.
How do Gila Woodpeckers get water?
Gila woodpeckers will drink water from a container and sugar water from hummingbird feeders. Gila woodpeckers forage primarily on the trunk and inner branches of trees, probing for insects. Other foraging methods include pecking and gleaning.
What does the Gila woodpecker sound like?
Calls. Gila Woodpeckers give a rolling series of notes on one pitch, similar to the commonest call of Red-bellied Woodpecker or Northern Flicker. Both sexes give this call, but males tend to call more frequently.


Usage of /posts/{ids}/comments
Discussion
Gets the comments on the posts identified in ids, regardless of the type of the posts.
This method is meant for cases when you are unsure of the type of the post id provided. Generally, this would be due to obtaining the post id directly from a user.
{ids} can contain up to 100 semicolon delimited ids. To find ids programatically look for post_id, answer_id, or question_id on post, answer, and question objects respectively.
The sorts accepted by this method operate on the following fields of the comment object:
 - creationcreation_date
 - votesscore
creation is the default sort.
It is possible to create moderately complex queries using sort, min, max, fromdate, and todate.
This method returns a list of comments.
Try It
Stack Overflow [edit]


text:
How do modern fires differ from traditional fires?
While the physics of fire development has not changed over time, the fire environment, or more specifically the single-family home, has evolved. Several factors — including home size, geometry, contents and construction materials — have changed significantly over the past 50 or more years. The average home is significantly larger, contains much more open space, is furnished with synthetic contents, and is constructed out of newer materials that are more energy efficient and value engineered. While many of these changes have produced desirable results, the modern home fire is able to propagate faster, result in an unsurvivable condition sooner, reduce the time to escape and reduce the time to structural failure.
How have the hazards of home fires changed over the past 30 years?
Home fires are much more hazardous to occupants and firefighters. Our research shows that home occupants would have significantly less time to escape today than 50 years ago. The number of residential fires has decreased significantly, by more than half, but that does not reduce the hazard should a fire occur.
The conditions that firefighters are going to be faced with today and into the future have been significantly impacted by the ever-changing fire environment. As society continues to make changes to building materials as a result of the desire to be environmentally conscious and to increase profit, the fire environment is going to continue to change. And if the current trends in the fire environment continue, it will not be in favor of firefighter safety. Therefore, it is important that firefighters study this new fire environment and its impact on their safety and tactics. The first component of this is understanding that the conditions they are arriving to are very different than they were several generations ago. The fire environment can change rapidly due to under-ventilated fire conditions, and floor systems can collapse quickly and with little warning. Additionally, operating conditions need to be constantly monitored to understand the impact of the tactics used and the potential need to change them. Ultimately, if the fire environment has changed, tactics need to change or be reevaluated to have the greatest opportunity to be most effective on today's fires.VIEW THIS EXPERT'S LINKEDIN PROFILE


Sign Up To Our Newsletter
Suggested Tours
Mini folds in Oman
This outcrop of Permian limestone aged around 270 million years old consists of thin layers of marine sediment deposited in the Tethys ocean, an ocean that has since closed due to movements of the earth's continental plates. Each layer forms its own fold but they are all oriented in the same direction, leading geologists to believe that they all developed around 90 million years ago, when the Tethys sediments (which were situated in front of Oman's northern coast) were thrusted over the Arabian continent. This movement applied intense squeezing pressure and heat to the rocks, causing them to become soft and plastic like leading to these small folds


text:
A guitar string has a linear density of 8.30 x 10^-4 kg/m. The
length of the string is.660 m. The tension in the string is 56.7
N. When the fundamental frequency of the string is sounded with a
tuning fork of frequency 196.0 Hz, what beat frequency is
Is the answer 8Hz?


Entity
Time filter
Source Type
Wang Y.,Ocean University of China | Wang Y.,First Institute of Oceanography | Wang Y.,Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecological Environment | Li R.,First Institute of Oceanography | And 7 more authors.
Shengtai Xuebao/ Acta Ecologica Sinica | Year: 2011
As the most important primary producer in the marine ecosystem, phytoplankton forms the foundation of the structure and function of the marine food webs. Most of the primary productivity is turned into phytoplankton biomass, which is a good indicator to reflect the spatio-temporal distribution of marine organic matter production and dynamics of the phytoplankton community. Consequently, the estimation of phytoplankton biomass has ecological significance in marine ecosystem studies. Several methods have been established to estimate phytoplankton biomass, such as cell counting method, chlorophyll a determination method, cell carbon and nitrogen contents determination method, conversion of cell volume to biomass method etc. Among them, the conversion of cell volume to biomass method is relatively more accurate as with this method, the cell volume is worked out and organic matter content per cell was measured. The results could be used to address phytoplankton biomass at the cell level and the change of ecosystem function. Therefore, this method gradually becomes the most common and effective method to estimate phytoplankton biomass. The key of conversion of cell volume to biomass method is to study the relationship between cell volume and cell organic matter (carbon, nitrogen or others) content. In the past several decades, there were a number of studies on biomass of diatom, but fewer studies on dinoflagellates. It is needed to study dinoflagellates cell volume and cell organic matter contents. Ten common dinoflagellates were investigated to determine the relationship between cell volume and their contents of carbon and nitrogen. The morphological characteristics of ten species were observed using a Nikon ECLIPSE TE2000-U optical microscope. Then cell-geometry analogous models were built accordingly. The model of Alexandrium tamaren, Alexandrium affine and Protoceratium reticulatum is sphere, that of Akashiwo sanguinea, Amphidinium carterae, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Prorocentrum gracile and Prorocentrum minimum is ellipsoid, that of Gonyaulax spinifera circular cone and half sphere and Lingulodinium polyedra circular cone and circular truncated cone. From these models, the cell volumes for each dinoflagellate can be calculated by microscope measurement including cell length, width or diameter and breadth. Furthermore, cell carbon and nitrogen content was determined using a CHN analyzer. Then the relationships between both carbon and nitrogen contents and cell volume could be established. Large differences were observed among the ten dinoflagellates in cell volume, carbon and nitrogen contents. The range of cell volumes are from 2. 97 X102 μm3 (Amphidinium carterae) to 4. 50X104 μm3(Akashiwo sanguinea). Amphidinium carterae had the lowest carbon and nitrogen contents (54. 50 and 11. 42 pictogram per cell), while Gonyaulax spinifera had the greatest carbon and nitrogen contents (2238. 00 and 482. 28 pictogram per cell), showing a difference of a factor of 40. It was more appropriated to analyze these relationships by logarithmic models due to the wide range of cell volume, which was mentioned by Verity et al (1992). In the present study, the cell volume thus determined is positively correlated to their cell carbon and nitrogen contents significantly (P <0. 0001), which indicated that the cell carbon and nitrogen contents would increase with cell volume increased. On the other hand, the cell volume thus determined is negatively correlated to their cell carbon and nitrogen contents per unit volume significantly (P <0. 0001), which indicated that the smaller cells contained more carbon and nitrogen per unit volume. In order to allow conversion among cell volume, carbon and nitrogen, in the marine ecology field, it is important to establish regression equations between these parameters. Source
Fu M.Z.,First Institute of Oceanography | Fu M.Z.,Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecological Environment | Sun P.,First Institute of Oceanography | Sun P.,Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecological Environment | And 7 more authors.
Shengtai Xuebao/ Acta Ecologica Sinica | Year: 2014
Phytoplankton plays a vital role in marine ecosystem functioning. It generates roughly 50% of the global primary production, affects the climate process and biogeochemical cycles and sets the upper limits to fishery yield. In addition, due to its fast population responses to water quality and environment stressors, phytoplankton is usually employed as an indicator for assessing eutrophication caused by excess nutrient input and ecosystem health. Jinzhou Bay (120°55′-121°14′E,40° 42′-40°52′N)is a small and shallow semi-enclosed bay in north China with a area of 151.5 km2 and an averaged depth of 3.5 m. It has a long history of heavy pollution featured by water column eutrophication and heavy metals contamination. Two cruises were carried out during August 2011 and May 2012 respectively to study the spatial distribution and assemblage structure of phytoplankton as well as their ecological responses to the environment changes. Surface water phytoplankton samples were collected at 26 stations and the relevant environmental parameters, i.e. water temperature, salinity, pH, DO, SPM, and nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, silicate) concentrations were measured or sampled simultaneously. The phytoplankton assemblages in Jinzhou Bay were mainly composed by diatom and dinoflagellates groups, and most of them were temperate coastal types. A total of 62 species belong to 4 phylum and 41 genera were identified in the summer and spring cruises. Diatoms were dominant both in species number and cell abundance, with a relatively higher proportion of benthic species. The phytoplankton community structures were significantly different between the two sampling periods. In August 2011, the average cell abundance was 41.44×103 cell/ L and the first two dominant species were Thalassiosira spp. and Cerarium furca. In May 2012, the average cell abundance was 13.80×103 cell/ L and the first two dominant species were Cylindro thecaclosterium and Skeletonema costatum. The species diversity was relatively higher in spring (mean 2.46) than in summer (mean 1. 98). Multivariate ordination techniques were employed to explore the relationships between phytoplankton species and environmental parameters by CANOCO 4.5. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) for the species data showed the maximum gradient length was lower than 3, therefore linear model was applied. Furthermore, the results of redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that nitrate concentrations and water temperature was the most important influencing factor in summer and spring respectively. Compared with the historic data, the dominant phytoplankton species significantly changed during the last 30 years. Smaller-sized phytoplankton and the species typically found in the eutrophicated environment tended to dominant in Jinzhou Bay. In contrast, the Chaetoceros sp. and Coscinodiscus sp. which were common and important in coastal areas, were both low in species number and cell abundance. This variation trend suggested that the culture eutrophication together with other contaminants might produce certain impacts to the species composition of phytoplankton community in Jinzhou Bay. Systematic and long-term monitoring and study is needed to reveal the ecological responses of phytoplankton assemblage to environment changes and to identify the species capable of indicating the water column eutrophication and heavy metal pollution status of Jinzhou Bay. Source
Discover hidden collaborations


Like Cornered Cat on Facebook Follow Cornered Cat on Twitter
A Manageable Hazard
The author of this article works in the health and safety field, and is an avid shooter. I asked him to write this piece to inform all of us, new and experienced shooters alike, about the risk of lead overexposure and how to manage that risk. I'm grateful he took the time and effort to do it.
~ Kathy
Lead exposure in the shooting sports is a real hazard that all shooters should be aware of. We all understand the need to protect our hearing and eyes, but not everyone is aware of the hazard of lead exposure. Understanding a hazard exists allows us the opportunity to address it and continue to enjoy shooting safely. Lead is no different and its hazards can be controlled.
Shooting and Exposure to Lead
We're all familiar with the fact that lead is used in making bullets, but not every shooter remembers that lead compounds are used in most primers these days. Lead from the unjacketed bullet shooting down the barrel, lead vaporized from the base of the bullet and lead from the burned primer sprays out in a cloud when the bullet is fired. The fumes and fine particles of lead don't travel much more than 3-5 feet but that is far enough to be in the air we breathe and to settle on the gun, clothing and skin (think gunshot residue).
After a range session we have another opportunity to become exposed to lead when we clean our firearms. Lead obviously will be deposited on the inside of the barrel and chamber, but the lead deposited on skin and clothing during shooting is also deposited on the surface of the firearms. When we clean them we use solvents that may actually cause this lead to be absorbed into the skin more readily.
A third opportunity comes if we collect our brass. There is lead residue on the brass. Handling it provides another opportunity for exposure.
An Unfamiliar Firearms Safety Hazard
Unlike the familiar hazards of negligent discharges and noise most shooters only have a vague idea about the hazards associated with lead.
The vaporized lead obviously can be inhaled, but the particles of lead sheared off as an unjacketed bullet travels down the barrel are small enough to be easily inhaled as well. Once inhaled the lead readily crosses to the bloodstream and is distributed throughout the body. It is absorbed like calcium and interferes with iron absorption and can be deposited in bone and fat and other soft tissue.
Lead can also settle on the skin and hair where it can be absorbed through the skin. If lead particles reach the mouth they can be ingested and absorbed through the digestive system.
Lead has been in use for thousands of years and its hazards have been well chronicled. These were well known before OSHA and EPA regulations directed at limiting lead exposure were ever developed. Shooters should take precautions to control all unnecessary exposure to lead. Knowing the hazards is first step in controlling the hazards. Taking the necessary precautions to minimize exposure is an essential part of shooting safety like use of hearing and eye protection.
Effects of Lead on the Body
There is no useful purpose in the human body for the lead we absorb. The body absorbs some ingested lead, but we absorb almost all of the lead that is inhaled (children absorb much more from ingestion). The body chemically 'sees' lead as calcium and absorbs it readily. While lead is deposited in the blood or soft body tissues, such as the kidneys and brain, the vast majority of it is deposited in bone. Because the body treats lead like calcium, the lead is stored for long periods of time and can actually increase in concentration as exposure continues.
The body does break down lead slowly over years so that it can be removed. The problem is this takes place very slowly. Only half the lead in your body today will be gone after 20 years.
Symptoms of Lead Exposure
Lead can damage the nervous system, kidneys, and reproductive system regardless of how it enters the body. Lead absorbed into the body initially affects the nervous system. This can lead to irritability, aggressive behavior, depression, loss of sensation in fingers and face, weakness in the fingers, wrists and ankles (wrist drop), headaches, loss of sexual function and impotence. Other symptoms include low appetite, loss of energy, abdominal pain, nausea, constipation, muscle pain, muscle weakness, high blood pressure and weight loss.
Men suffer loss of sex drive, reduced sexual function and impotence if lead levels reach high enough concentrations. Lead can also alter the structure of sperm cells potentially causing birth defects.
Pregnant women are vulnerable to rapid absorption of lead, along with calcium, from the blood into the bone. This occurs due to metabolic changes caused by pregnancy. In pregnant women, lead passes through the placenta to the fetus, potentially causing miscarriages and birth defects.
Remember that adults absorb about 20% of the lead we ingest. Children absorb about 70% of the lead they ingest. Since children are constantly putting things in their mouths or failing to wash their hands before they put their fingers in their mouths ingestion is their primary route of exposure. Think of all the times you've had to tell your kids to 'put that down and wash your hands'. Exposure to lead may result in slow learning, slow growth, hearing loss and behavioral problems.
With all the various symptoms over-exposure to lead can be mistaken for many other problems. This makes it particularly difficult to diagnose unless the physician is aware of our potential exposure. With this knowledge a simple set of blood tests can tell us if we have become over-exposed to lead.
Testing for Lead
Your doctor can take a blood sample and test for lead using BLL and ZPP tests. These tests give results in micrograms per deciliter of blood. A Blood Lead Level (BLL) less than 20 for an adult and a Zinc Protoporphyrin (ZPP) below 100 may not be hazardous in the short term, but if the BLL is above 10 it indicates possible lead exposure that should be reduced. Any BLL near or above 10 for children should be cause for immediate concern.
These tests are a simple and inexpensive way for shooters to know if the things they're doing to keep their lead exposure down are working.
Precautions on the Range
Simple precautions can be taken both on and off the range to reduce lead exposure to shooters and their families. Good hygiene and limiting exposure times go a long way towards preventing problems.
Indoor Ranges
Most indoor ranges have a greater potential for lead exposure problems than outdoor ranges. However, the range can institute several controls to lower the amount of lead dust in these facilities.
The choice of ammunition is one such control. Non-jacketed ammunition produces the most lead dust and fumes, fully jacketed ammunition less and lead-free ammunition, obviously, the least. Shotgun shells produce more airborne lead dust than any handgun round. Currently, many ammunition manufacturers make available lead-free ammunition that does away with lead compounds in both the primer and the bullet. From a personal standpoint using lead-free primer ammunition with fully jacketed bullets or lead-free bullets will have the greatest benefit for individual shooters.
Indoor ranges should not be carpeted, since lead dust settles and contaminates the rugs. A commercial High Efficiency Particulate (HEPA) vacuum should be used to vacuum these carpets.
Air should move from behind the shooters downrange taking as much of the lead from the firing of the firearms away from the shooter. The air in the range should not be reused or, if reused, it should be filtered so the air that blows across the shooter is cleaned of lead. Remember, if there's a constant cloud of 'gunsmoke' and you can taste the sweetish metallic taste of lead in the air it's probably not clean enough for a long shooting session.
Cleaning Firearms
For some of us, cleaning our firearms can be almost as relaxing as our range session. It also represents another opportunity to become exposed to lead that we can easily control.
Some tips for reducing lead exposure when cleaning guns:
Remember, the goal is to keep the lead from getting spread throughout the home and these methods will help prevent that.
What Does It All Mean?
Just as we all learned the importance of using eye and ear protection, we have learned that lead exposure can threaten the health of shooters and our enjoyment of the sport. However, through good range practices and proper hygiene shooters can control their exposure to lead and keep it down to safe levels.


text:
Christian Daniel Beck
(22 February 1757 – 13 December 1832) was a German philologist
, one of the most learned men of his time.
Beck was born at Leipzig
and studied at Leipzig University
, where in 1785 he was appointed professor of Greek and Latin literature. This post he resigned in 1819 in order to take up the professorship of history, but resumed it in 1825. In 1819, he also became editor of the Allgemeines Reportorium der neuesten inund ausländischen Litteratur
(Reports on the latest in domestic and foreign literature). He also had the management of the university library, was director of the institute for the deaf and dumb, and filled many educational and municipal offices.
In 1784 he founded a philological society, which grew into a philological seminary, superintended by him until his death. In 1808 he was made a Hofrath
by the king of Saxony
, and in 1820 a knight of the civil order of merit. His philological lectures, in which grammar and criticism were subordinated to history, were attended by hearers from all parts of Germany. He possessed a large and valuable library of 24,000 volumes.
He died at Leipzig on 13 December 1832.
He edited a number of classical authors:


text:
The international logistics landscape is witnessing a tangible growth in the containerized air freight segment, driven by the ever-increasing demand for rapid transportation of goods across the globe. The aircraft cargo container market is a critical component of this logistical framework, ensuring that cargo is transported safely, efficiently, and in compliance with rigorous airline standards.
Current State of the Market
Among the key players dominating this space are global logistics giants such as UPS, FedEx, and DHL. These air freight businesses have long been at the forefront of innovation in air freight, not only in terms of their vast fleets but also in their adoption of containerization to optimize cargo handling.
Containerized air freight offers numerous benefits, including improved cargo security, reduced risk of damage, and enhanced speed of loading and unloading operations. Due to these advantages, more carriers are switching from bulk load to containerized freight.
Market Trends and Drivers
- E-commerce Rise: There is a direct correlation between the booming e-commerce industry and the need for timely and reliable air freight services. This surge significantly impacts the demand for aircraft cargo containers.
- Technology Advancements: Innovations in material science have led to the development of lighter, more durable containers, which can increase fuel efficiency and lower operational costs.
- Globalization: The expanding global supply chain continues to fuel the demand for air freight. Emergent markets are also becoming significant players as they increase their imports and exports.
- Regulatory Compliance: Stricter safety regulations prompt airlines to invest in certified containerized solutions, thus propelling the aircraft cargo container market.
- Environmental Concerns: Air freight is under scrutiny for its carbon footprint. Sustainable practices and eco-friendly container materials are now more important than ever.
- Cost Sensitivity: Although containerized freight is more efficient, initial investments and maintenance costs are higher in comparison to traditional bulk loading, making cost a significant factor influencing adoption rates.
- Pandemic Aftermath: The recent pandemic has both disrupted supply chains and altered trade patterns, which have immediate and long-term effects on the cargo container market.
The projection for the aircraft cargo container market remains robust. With global trade volumes expected to increase, the reliance on efficient and secure shipping methods will drive the industry forward. Strategic partnerships and technological investments are likely to emerge as key differentiators among the major players.
The aircraft cargo container market is at a pivotal juncture. Companies like UPS, FedEx, and DHL will need to navigate the balance between investing in innovation to meet market demands and addressing global calls for sustainability and efficiency. With e-commerce and globalization as steady market drivers, the continued evolution of containerized air freight seems undeniably poised for growth. The future trajectory, however, will be determined by the industry's response to the challenges and its ability to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The potential for containerization to transform the air freight sector is immense, and it remains a crucial element in shaping the future of logistics. As the industry continues to evolve and adapt, one thing is certain – efficient and secure containerized air freight will remain a key component of global trade. With technological advancements on the horizon and an ever-changing market landscape, the sky's the limit for this vital sector. Let's keep our eyes on the horizon and see where containerized air freight takes us next. # # # # ## References
It's imperative for industry stakeholders to foster innovation in sustainable container design and develop alternative materials that can reduce the environmental impact. Continuous progress in creating aerodynamically effective containers can lead to significant fuel savings, which not only decrease operating expenses but also contribute to environmental conservation. Moreover, exploring new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time tracking and blockchain for enhanced security can potentially redefine the standards of containerized air freight. These advancements promise to heighten the efficacy of the logistical chain and deliver added value to customers through improved service levels and transparency.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What is the origin of scut in scut work?
According to Merriam-Webster,
scut work: routine and often menial labor
Probably from medical argot, scut meaning 'junior intern'
First known use: circa 1962
Usage example:
... women who generally feel that they are second-class citizens in the medical profession -- unappreciated and directed by (mostly male) doctors to perform largely scut work.
This ngram shows that scut work was not used before 1960 when it took hold as medical jargon. It supports the idea that the term was not already in general use and subsequently popularized in hospitals, rather that it originated there.
Scut work
This returns us to the medical coinage. Could it be related to meaning (2) in the OED?
1. the short tail of a hare, rabbit, or deer.
2. (inf. chiefly Irish) a person perceived as foolish, contemptible, or objectionable.
There is another theory that it is derived from Oxford University servants called scouts, but I consider this unlikely given the US origin of scut work.
share|improve this question
Der... I don't think it's likely to derive from anything other than OED:2, which seems about as transparent as any word usage can be. Possibly that definition itself came from association of rabbits with simpletons (rabbits are dumb), or with lowly peasants (who would eat more rabbit than other meat). – FumbleFingers Jul 28 '11 at 14:23
4 Answers 4
up vote 3 down vote accepted
In the Wiktionary scutwork entry, one of the references, Medical meanings: a glossary of word origins, suggests either scuttle, or OE scitan (excrement) as possible origins of the scut in scutwork. I think scitan is plausible; note from the etymology of shit:
Noun use for "obnoxious person" is since at least 1508
Wiktionary also suggests for scut as "contemptible person" that the etymology may be from the obsolete sense of scout, which Etymonline explains:
"to reject with scorn," c.1600, of Scandinavian origin (cf. O.N. skuta, skute "taunt"), probably from a source related to shout.
I think you're probably right that meaning (2) of scut is more closely related to scutwork, but note that calling someone contemptible doesn't have to be unrelated to meaning (1) as in the quotations in Wiktionary, or, for example, this 1907 story:
"Don't understand me?" roared the farmer. "What have you done to my darter, you scut, sitting there preening of yersel, like a silly peacock in the sun?"
The angry man approached the bed swiftly, and, seizing Aubrey's pyjama-clad shoulder in a massive fist, thrust his hairy face within an inch of his victim's nose.
"What have you been doin' to my lass?" he roared again. "Now d'yew onderstand me?"
"W-what has she been telling you?" Aubrey was horribly frightened.
"Summat that made me sware you shouldn't leave this house till you'm man and wife all raight and praper accordin' to law."
share|improve this answer
I'm quite impressed with wiktionary's entry actually. I like the quotations. Here are two more, from Ulysses: "God speed you, scut!" and "Mean bloody scut." – z7sg Ѫ Jul 28 '11 at 21:15
This is not a definitive answer, because all the sources I checked say the origin is not known. But I suspect it probably comes from scuttle, because doing the dishes is the archetypal form of "scut" work, and as Etymonline shows us:
scuttle (n.) "bucket," O.E. scutel "dish, platter," from L. scutella "serving platter," dim. of scutra "flat tray, dish," perhaps related to scutum "shield" (see hide (n.1)). A common Gmc. borrowing from Latin (cf. O.N. skutill, M.Du. schotel, O.H.G. scuzzila, Ger. Schüssel). Meaning "basket for sifting grain" is attested from mid-14c.; sense of "bucket for holding coal" first recorded 1849.
share|improve this answer
I think the ngram I've posted in the question goes against this theory because scut work only really exists from 1960 onwards. – z7sg Ѫ Jul 28 '11 at 20:32
+1 I strongly suspect it came from coal scuttle. – Brock Adams Mar 17 '13 at 10:07
"Scut work" was in use at least as early as 1950. From The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, Volume 22:
... menial tasks commonly known as the "scut work."
Given the general manners of the time, it seems unlikely that this would be used too pejoratively.
James Joyce's, Finnegans Wake (1939) also refers to a character as a "scutfrank" -- which has been interpreted to mean someone who does menial tasks.
share|improve this answer
"Some common unfinished task".
share|improve this answer
Is this a definition from a dictionary? Why else did you use inverted commas? As it is, you haven't provided an answer for its origins. – Mari-Lou A Aug 23 '13 at 22:27
_USER_-LouA It looks as if the quote marks were added by the editor. The author also suggested the (alleged) origin by capitalising the initial letters of each word. While the author has provided no substantiation for this alleged origin, I think your last 2 sentences should be aimed at the editor! – TrevorD Aug 23 '13 at 23:57
protected by RegDwigнt Aug 23 '13 at 20:04
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


The maintainer of this website has a Spotify Coding Playlist of their Lo-fi Hip Hop beats!
WebAssembly Logo
Wasm By Example
Language:
Passing High Level Data Types with wasm-bindgen
Overview
Using buffers and pointers, is a great way to get started with WebAssembly, and drill in its concepts while being productive. But once we start wanting to use higher level data structures efficiently and easily, is where things will get a little more complicated. Thankfully, the rust/wasm community built wasm-bindgen, which is part of the wasm-pack workflow we have been using throughout the examples. As mentioned before, wasm-bindgen abstracts away linear memory, and allows using higher-level data structures between Rust and JavaScript.
Let's kick things off! To show off how we can use wasm-bindgen, let's see how we can use strings in WebAssembly and share them with JavaScript:
Implementation
First, let's add the following to our src/lib.rs file:
// The wasm-pack uses wasm-bindgen to build and generate JavaScript binding file.
// Import the wasm-bindgen crate.
use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
// Our function to concatenate the string "Wasm by Example"
// to the input string. We are using .into(), to convert
// the rust types of str to a String.
#[wasm_bindgen]
pub fn add_wasm_by_example_to_string(input_string: String) -> String {
 let result = format!("{} {}", input_string, "Wasm by Example");
 return result.into();
}
Next, we can compile the module following the Hello World examples compilation process, replacing the appropriate file names.
Next, lets create an index.js file to load and run our wasm output. Now that we are using higher-level stata structures, we will have to leverage the named exports in our ./pkg/strings.js. The named exports generated by wasm-pack in our ./pkg/strings.js, are functions that wrap around our exported wasm functions to handle the data passing to facilitate passing high level data structures between WebAssembly and JavaScript. In our case, we can take a look at the supported wasm-bindgen String type. In the future, you can use this resource to see other supported types and usage as well. Let's dive into our resulting index.js:
// Here we are importing the default export from our
// Outputted wasm-bindgen ES Module. As well as importing
// the named exports that are individual wrapper functions
// to facilitate handle data passing between JS and Wasm.
import wasmInit, {
 add_wasm_by_example_to_string,
 test
} from "./pkg/strings.js";
const runWasm = async () => {
 // Instantiate our wasm module
 const rustWasm = await wasmInit("./pkg/strings_bg.wasm");
 // Call our exported function
 const helloString = add_wasm_by_example_to_string("Hello from ");
 // Log the result to the console
 console.log(helloString);
};
runWasm();
Lastly, lets load our ES6 Module, index.js Javascript file in our index.html. And you should get something similar to the demo (Source Code) below!
Demo
wasm-bindgen supports more than just strings, and has support for many different types! I'd highly reccomend taking a look at the wasm-bindgen book, and in particular, the section of the supported types by wasm-bindgen.
Feel free to fix, suggest, or contribute more examples for language features or communitty tools!


Armadillo Lizards looks so strage and at the same time unique it looks like a dragon
 Armadillo Lizards looks so strage and at the same time unique it looks like a dragon
Armadillo lizards have such a fierce and distinctive appearance that they resemble dragons.
For individuals who watch television and play video games or who enjoy fantasy sitcoms, dragons are well-known mythological creatures.
One of the most amazing species was actually an unique eight-legged lizard known as a micro because of its habit of scrunching up in a corner as a sort of privacy.
The delicate protective layer on the tucked toad stands in for the various distinctive and unusual reptile lifeforms throughout the planet.
It is simpler for it to defend itself from hard conditions thanks to the abrupt and spindly armor. They try to hide in cracks in both cliffs as they reside in cities grouped together in the South African plains.
These small creatures are unique in that they are the only invertebrates that frequently choose to live as adults rather than lay eggs.
This is due to the fact that due to their slowness and growing size, participants are very challenging to catch.
They provide a range of sizes and colors, from a bright green to a duller brown, to blend into the desert landscape in order to avoid detection.
They can currently only live for a few years and grow to a maximum length of four inches.
One or two children are born each year to this species of homo sapiens, which survives on organisms and other crustaceans but does not lay eggs. They generally constitute a significant threat and can only be harmed by people.
Related post


HTTP Alternate Selection
The HTTP alternate selection functions provide a mechanism for hooking into Traffic Server's alternate selection mechanism and augmenting it with additional information. HTTP alternate selection refers to the process of choosing between several alternate versions of a document for a specific URL. Alternates arise because the HTTP 1.1 specification allows different documents to be sent back for the same URL (depending on the clients request). For example, a server might send back a GIF image to a client that only accepts GIF images, and might send back a JPEG image to a client that only accepts JPEG images.
The alternate selection mechanism is invoked when Traffic Server looks up a URL in its cache. For each URL, Traffic Server stores a vector of alternates. For each alternate in this vector, Traffic Server computes a quality value between 0 and 1 that represents how "good" the alternate is. A quality value of 0 means that the alternate is unacceptable; a value of 1 means that the alternate is a perfect match.
If a plugin hooks onto the TS_HTTP_SELECT_ALT_HOOK, then it will be called back when Traffic Server performs alternate selection. You cannot register locally to the hook TS_HTTP_SELECT_ALT_HOOK by using TSHttpTxnHookAdd - you can only do so by using only TSHttpHookAdd. Since Traffic Server does not actually have an HTTP transaction or an HTTP session on hand when alternate selection is performed, it is only valid to hook onto the global list of TS_HTTP_SELECT_ALT_HOOK. Traffic Server calls each of the select alternate hooks with the TS_EVENT_HTTP_SELECT_ALT event. The void *edata argument that is passed to the continuation is a pointer to an TSHttpAltInfo structure. It can be used later to call the HTTP alternate selection functions listed at the end of this section. Unlike other hooks, this alternate selection callout is non-blocking; the expectation is that the quality value for the alternate will be changed by a call to TSHttpAltInfoQualitySet.
Note
HTTP SM does not have to be re-enabled using TSHttpTxnReenable or any other APIs; just return from the function.
The sample code below shows how to call the alternate APIs.
static void handle_select_alt(TSHttpAltInfo infop)
{
 TSMBuffer client_req_buf, cache_resp_buf;
 TSMLoc client_req_hdr, cache_resp_hdr;
 TSMLoc accept_transform_field;
 TSMLoc content_transform_field;
 int accept_transform_len = -1, content_transform_len = -1;
 const char* accept_transform_value = nullptr;
 const char* content_transform_value = nullptr;
 int content_plugin, accept_plugin;
 float quality;
 /* get client request, cached request and cached response */
 TSHttpAltInfoClientReqGet (infop, &client_req_buf, &client_req_hdr);
 TSHttpAltInfoCachedRespGet(infop, &cache_resp_buf, &cache_resp_hdr);
 /* get the Accept-Transform field value from the client request */
 accept_transform_field = TSMimeHdrFieldFind(client_req_buf,
 client_req_hdr, "Accept-Transform", -1);
 if (accept_transform_field) {
 TSMimeHdrFieldValueStringGet(client_req_buf, client_req_hdr,
 accept_transform_field, 0, &accept_transform_value, &accept_transform_len);
 Dbg(dbg_ctl, "Accept-Transform = |%s|",
 accept_transform_value);
 }
 /* get the Content-Transform field value from cached server response */
 content_transform_field = TSMimeHdrFieldFind(cache_resp_buf,
 cache_resp_hdr, "Content-Transform", -1);
 if (content_transform_field) {
 TSMimeHdrFieldValueStringGet(cache_resp_buf, cache_resp_hdr,
 content_transform_field, 0, &content_transform_value, &content_transform_len);
 Dbg(dbg_ctl, "Content-Transform = |%s|",
 content_transform_value);
 }
 /* compute quality */
 accept_plugin = (accept_transform_value && (accept_transform_len > 0) &&
 (strncmp(accept_transform_value, "plugin",
 accept_transform_len) == 0));
 content_plugin = (content_transform_value && (content_transform_len >0) &&
 (strncmp(content_transform_value, "plugin",
 content_transform_len) == 0));
 if (accept_plugin) {
 quality = content_plugin ? 1.0 : 0.0;
 } else {
 quality = content_plugin ? 0.0 : 0.5;
 }
 Dbg(dbg_ctl, "Setting quality to %3.1f", quality);
 /* set quality for this alternate */
 TSHttpAltInfoQualitySet(infop, quality);
 /* cleanup */
 if (accept_transform_field)
 TSHandleMLocRelease(client_req_buf, client_req_hdr,
 accept_transform_field);
 TSHandleMLocRelease(client_req_buf, TS_NULL_MLOC, client_req_hdr);
 if (content_transform_field)
 TSHandleMLocRelease(cache_resp_buf, cache_resp_hdr,
 content_transform_field);
 TSHandleMLocRelease(cache_resp_buf, TS_NULL_MLOC, cache_resp_hdr);
}
static int alt_plugin(TSCont contp, TSEvent event, void *edata)
{
 TSHttpAltInfo infop;
 switch (event) {
 case TS_EVENT_HTTP_SELECT_ALT:
 infop = static_cast<TSHttpAltInfo>(edata);
 handle_select_alt(infop);
 break;
 default:
 break;
 }
 return 0;
}
void TSPluginInit (int argc, const char *argv[])
{
 TSHttpHookAdd(TS_HTTP_SELECT_ALT_HOOK, TSContCreate (alt_plugin,
 nullptr));
}
Traffic Server augments the alternate selection through these callouts using the following algorithm:
 1. Traffic Server computes its own quality value for the alternate, taking into account the quality of the accept match, the encoding match, and the language match.
 2. Traffic Server then calls out each of the continuations on the global TS_HTTP_SELECT_ALT_HOOK's list.
 3. It multiplies its quality value with the value returned by each callout. Since all of the values are clamped to be between 0 and 1, the final value will be between 0 and 1 as well.
 4. This algorithm also ensures that a single callout can block the usage of a given alternate by specifying a quality value of 0.
A common usage for the alternate selection mechanism is when a plugin transforms a document for some clients and not for others, but wants to store both the transformed and unchanged document. The client's request will specify whether it accepted the transformed document. The plugin will then determine if the alternate matches this specification and then set the appropriate quality level for the alternate.
The HTTP alternate selection functions are:


text:
Though, polished and quality content is significant to any link outreach plan, content formats being used are also crucial. Different content formats approach audience differently. The quality and authority of the links that one content format generates may be different from the other.
Best Content Formats to Attract Links
The article illustrates different content formats used in link building campaigns with their direct benefits and possible cons.
1. Interactive Content:
In recent times, interactive content have created an eminent place in content marketing campaigns. The content format is an interactive content that present users different perspectives on a given idea. Take quizzes or calculators for example.
There are multiple reasons why interactive content can offer mileage to marketers. They present many angles to pursue a topic and offer many ways to include additional lot of information.
The format gives users ability to initially audit different parts of the content and deal with the most relevant information. The major benefit with the interactive content is that you can have better audience targeting due to availability of a huge chunk of information.
To design and upload an interactive content piece, you will have to hire an expert website designer / developer.
As the name implies, statics may include a series multiple images or an infographic. Statics presented by infographics are now a popular way of exposing the data and information for audience disposal. SEOs, nowadays, have been using infographics widely to make content more user-friendly and generate more links.
Data dispensation through infographic has its own benefits if it's useful and educational. An infographic designed merely to serve your SEO purpose won't be of any use. Designing infographic doesn't necessarily require a developer or designer. A user can himself upload a static graph onto a website using its inbuilt content management system.
GIFs, as an interactive content, have received humongous response in the last few years. They are truly significant to content-driven link building. If you want to produce a content piece that contains the attribute of both an interactive and statics, GIFs could be an ideal choice. Using GIFs, marketers can easily create the impact of an interactive without consuming time and resources. They are easy to create and upload. GIFs play automatically when they are loaded. User action is not required or plays or stops a GIF.
You can create simple GIFs without having to think about responsiveness. They can easily open on any device. Like interactives and statics, GIFs are indeed a great way to building links.
4. Long Form Content:
In-depth long-form content not only brings relevant traffic but also helps you create relevant authority links. The best part with the longform content is that you can cover widest range of topics through the content and can promote it quite frequently to accomplish a longer outreach plan.
The only disadvantage with such content is that they rarely trigger the kind of engagement other formats do due to its long form. You can't assume that all your clients will go through such an exhaustive piece and will engage to it.
Despite they take time to get noticed, long form content can easily generate authority links for you.
How to Choose the Right Content Format?
Before picking up a right content format, fix the message you want to deliver and the audience the message is aiming at. Once you jot down that, you can decide on the format. Start with your idea and continue with available resources to think about the right content format. It will attract dual benefits, authority links and organic traffic.


text:
Figure 5 Pore size distribution for carbon nanopipe
determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda analysis of the N2
adsorption isotherm (calculated as described in ref. 15). Inset:
N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms
Figure 6 EXAFS data for Pt/carbon nanopipe. a,
k3-weighted EXAFS oscillation [k3c
(k)] for 2 wt% Pt/carbon nanopipe in wave vector
(k) space. b, Fourier transform of the k3c
(k) to distance (r)-space. Solid lines:
experimental. Dashed lines: best curve fits obtained with Pt-Pt
coordination number of 5.4, bond distance of 0.255 nm and
Debye-Waller factor of 106 pm2, with the assumption of
face-centered-cubic packing and spherical cluster geometry.
Figure 7 Scanning electron microscopic image of carbon
nanopipe sample in the form of freestanding thin film. The image was
taken by a Philips 535M apparatus operating at 20 kV.


text:
Ion strings make brilliant beams
Aug 15, 2001
Physicists have long struggled to combat heating in the ion beams used in high-energy experiments. Laser cooling can be used to reduce collisions between the ions, which create heat and reduce the energy of the beam. Now Ulrich Schramm and colleagues at the University of Münich have created the first 'crystalline' ion beam, which is virtually free from collisions. "The crystalline beam is the ultimate state for an ion beam in terms of brilliance and stability", Schramm told PhysicsWeb. "It represents a different phase and has its own properties" (T Schätz et al 2001 Nature 412 717).
Collisions in high-energy ion beams reduce the beam intensity and can be remedied by extra focusing devices or the use of low-density beams. However, physicists predicted 20 years ago that in a sufficiently cool beam, the ions would not collide because their Coulomb repulsion would outweigh their kinetic energy.
Such 'crystallization' has been achieved before in ion traps - in which the ions are stationary - but it is more difficult in a circulating beam because of the motion of the ions and interactions between the beam and the storage ring. These problems affect both large storage rings - such as the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven - and smaller ones.
Schramm and co-workers injected magnesium ions into their 0.36-metre circumference storage ring, PALLAS - the Paul laser cooling acceleration system. The beam was laser-cooled and its fluorescence monitored. The team found that, at a certain laser wavelength, the diameter of the beam fell and the fluorescence peaked sharply. This pinpoints the transition to the crystalline state, during which the range of ion velocities drops by 75%.
The fluorescence measurements showed that the ring contained around 18 000 ions, and the temperature of the beam fell from 30 to 0.4 kelvin as the crystalline state emerged. In this new phase, the ions reach a speed of 2800 metres per second - corresponding to a beam energy of 1 electron volt - and resemble a one-dimensional thread. The beam can perform over 3000 revolutions of their storage ring without further cooling
According to Schramm, the technique could be used for a wide range of experiments. "Crystalline ion beams could aid inertial confinement fusion - which mimics stellar nuclear reactions - while precise experiments with relativistic beams could test special relativity", he says.
About the author
Katie Pennicott is Editor of PhysicsWeb