text:
Perhaps how we're shaped affects the way we sleep
The shape of our body, total overall body weight we carry, and how that weight is distributed over a mattress surface rank only second to the position we sleep in. It comes down to determining what part these key factors play in relieving crucial pressure points and being able to offer correct spinal alignment in a mattress that will stand the test of time. No two people have the exact same shape and weight and these are differences you will want to take note of when choosing your next mattress.
Next to sleeping position, our body weight and shape will play the biggest role in how well each layer relieves pressure and supports you for proper spinal alignment. There are many differences in needs between people with different weights and shapes … so lets take a look at what they are.
Overall body weight plays a role:
As a rule of thumb the bigger and heavier we are the thicker comfort layer we will need. People with above average weights may require 4 inches of comfort layering as opposed to only 3 inches for instance. This is because a larger person sinking deeper into the mattress increases the perception of softness thicker layering. The same principle can be applied to firmer foam layers which can feel softer to heavier people than average weight and sized individuals.
This perception of softness is quite normal and is affected by how far someone sinks down into the mattress. Firm upper comfort layers is an important part of proper weight distribution and how well the pressure relief for the bigger sleeper and is vital and can be expected to feel as soft to them as a softer layer should feel when slept on by a lighter weight person.
These firmer support layers can help stop the heavier parts of the body from sinking and sagging down too far, a position that can push the spine out of alignment. Examples of comfort layer thickness compared to body weight.
Below average body weight = Can often get away with softer and thinner comfort layering. Core support layers can conceivably be of an average or softer firmness.
Average body weight = Comfort layers of average softness and thickness. Core support layers average firmness.
Above average body weight = Comfort layers and core support layers should be thicker and firmer.
Body weight distribution and shape play a role:
The taboo subject no one wants to talk about is body weight and shape but how it is distributed are key factors when picking out the right mattress. Curvy body types with more pronounced hips, shoulders, and bellies etc. require deeper support for the most effective pressure relief. A sleeping position with more gaps and curves to fill will need to be thicker and softer than those that are less curvy and sleep in a position that is flatter with better weight distribution of body fat. This sleeper will find they require a thicker comfort layer than normal. They should select a firmer support layer to help balance the sinking in with the sinking down into the mattress. Fill bigger gaps and curvy body shapes with thicker layer or layers. Support more weight by increasing bot cores support and comfort layer firmness.
Average body shape and weight distribution = average softness and thickness of mattress comfort layers is recommended along with average firmness of the core supporting layers
Curvy body shape and uneven body weight distribution= softer and thicker comforting layers in addition to making sure the support layers are firmer
Straight/flat even weight distribution and body shape = These body types will find firmer/thinner comfort layers to be most comfortable along with the use of average core support layers


text:
THE 45 MILLION YEAR OLD BEER
Pint glasses full of Fossil Fuels Beer are raising eyebrows around northern California. This could be due to the fact that the unique ingredient for the line of Fossil Fuels beer is a yeast strain dating back to the Eocene Epoch, which is about 45 million years ago. A team of scientists, Dr. Raul Cano (Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA) and Lewis "Chip" Lambert (Fremont, CA), are partnering with brew masters to produce what is surely one of the most interesting and unique beers of this or any time.
The history of the yeast literally dates back before the dawn of man, to a time when the earth was warm, tropical and teeming with life. Modern mammals that we see today were beginning to appear in what is known as the Eocene epoch (from the Greek word eos meaning "dawn"). During this time, a snapshot of biological life was trapped by tropical tree sap. Over the course of millions of years, the sap hardened into amber, which preserved and protected its contents. That is, until Dr. Cano, using amber obtained from locations around the world (including Burma, Central and North America), isolated and revived a bacterium, which had lain dormant in the gut of an encased bee for approximately 45 million years (Science 268, pp. _PHONE_, 1995).
During his research, Dr. Cano, periodically working with Mr. Lambert, isolated a few yeast strains that resembled modern Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In other words, they are similar to the yeast we use every day for brewing and baking, except the newly discovered yeasts were much further back in the evolutionary chain. Essentially, Dr. Cano isolated the long lost ancestors of modern brewing yeast.
Through chance and circumstance, a small group of people teamed up to form Fossil Fuels Brewing Co., which is utilizing the unique yeast strains to brew exceptional beer. Although not widely publicized, a select few northern Californians had the opportunity to try some of the pilot brews and they raved about new (old?) pale ale.
Jay R. Brooks, the tasting director of the exalted Celebrator Beer News Magazine commented when comparing the Fossil Fuels brew to an identical pale ale differing only in the strain of yeast (Celebrator, October/November 2006, pp:27-29):
"[Fossil Fuels] is smoother, with softer fruity flavor characteristics and just a touch of lemony sweetness that isn't tart...It has a more complex and well-developed taste profile, and its smoothness makes it great. The fact it is made with such old yeast is fascinating, and given how good the beer is, no mere novelty."
Peter Hackett, long time pub owner and award winning brew master called Fossil Fuels: "A remarkably unique beer that tastes like nothing I've ever had before, in a very good way."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Want to know where Cymbeline is set? See each setting Shakespeare used in the play on the map below.
Shakespeare was 'thinking deep' in setting Cymbeline. It's set in the middle ages in a mythical England and a Rome that is very different from the Rome of Shakespeare's great Roman plays. It is more like the Renaissance cities Shakespeare creates in other plays, such as Verona in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare reminds us all the time of the setting by referring to the two places. He uses the word Britain rather than England because in this play the idea of Empire is central. It is to some extent about the tension between the two empires of Rome and Britain, the first in a decadent state and the second beginning to flourish. The old and the new. The play's major ambiguity is that Rome is the ruler of Britain and its equal at the same time.
The map below shows all the locations Shakespeare used for Cymbeline. You can zoom in on the map for a more detailed view of an area, and click the icons on the map for more information. Text in the more info box are the specific locations Shakespeare references in his Cymbeline text.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
How I Spent My Summer Vacation
|U of S veterinary student Tim German spent his summer examining dogs for possible effects of second-hand smoke.[Photo courtesy of Liam Richards]|
Second-Hand Smoke Affects Pets: Study
October 26, 2006
Twelfth in a Series
For The Star-Phoenix
by Angela Hill
Are pets affected by second-hand smoke?
New University of Saskatchewan research – soon to be peer-reviewed – suggests there are measurable changes in the heart and blood vessels of dogs exposed to second-hand smoke in the home. In humans, such changes are a precursor of cardiac disease.
"Our pets are being affected," says Lynn Weber, assistant professor at the U of S Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM). "Next we want to figure out what are the consequences of these effects."
Veterinary medicine student Tim German led the study. He and his supervisor Weber hope to submit their findings for publication this winter.
German is a Merck-Merial Veterinary Scholar, a drug company-sponsored program that provides vet students the opportunity to do research during the summer. He presented the findings at a poster session at this summer's Merck-Merial symposium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
"We were looking for a possible link between canine health and cigarette smoke exposure," German says. "The results suggest exposure to cigarette smoke causes structural and functional cardiac changes in dogs."
The study looked at two sets of dogs: six from smoking homes and eight from non-smoking homes. The healthiest dogs based on age, weight and body condition were used.
To determine the health of the dogs, German used a variety of methods – from pet owner questionnaires to complete physical examinations of the dogs, including blood tests and ECGs (electrocardiograms).
"We wanted to look at everything," he says. "We went from tip to tail. If you could look at it, we were going to look at it."
German relied on his experience as a first-year vet student and years of volunteering at WCVM and other clinics around Saskatoon.
Ultrasound measurements of the heart showed that dogs from smoking households had more muscle on the left side of the heart. This can be a sign of high blood pressure because the heart has to pump harder in order to distribute the blood to the body.
While extra heart muscle is sometimes seen in very athletic dogs, the questionnaire showed each of the dogs had similar fitness levels.
"They were pretty much couch-potato dogs in both groups," German says.
German also used flow-mediated dilation, an ultrasound procedure for viewing arteries in human medicine that permits measurement of artery relaxation. According to Weber, this is likely the first time this procedure has been used in a veterinary context.
The flow-mediated dilation revealed that dogs from smoking homes have decreased relaxation in their arteries, another potential indicator of high blood pressure.
Blood pressure was not directly measured in the dogs because typical methods used to test blood pressure in humans are less reliable with pets. Next summer, German and Weber will focus on second-hand smoke effects on blood pressure in dogs using specialized equipment.
Though there were detectable changes in the dogs' cardiovascular system, German notes the changes occur without signs of sickness in the dog.
In humans who smoke, these same indicators frequently lead to cardiac disease. If the changes Weber and German saw in the dogs' hearts were happening in a human's heart, there would be significant health consequences, says Weber. She wants to continue to study this phenomenon to discover what these consequences are for dogs.
If high blood pressure in dogs from smoking households persists over time, Weber and German think cardiovascular disease will occur.
"If second-hand smoke is bad for our pets, what effect is it having on children?" says Weber.
Angela Hill is a student intern in the U of S Office of Research Communications.
(This article is part of a partnership initiative between The StarPhoenix and
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Dec. 19, 2011 Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (IMAU), Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities (IMUN) and BGI, the world's largest genomics organization, jointly announced the first complete sequencing of Mongolian genome. This genomic study will help researchers to better understand the evolutionary process and migration of Mongolians and their ancestors from Africa to Asia, which also lays an important genomic foundation for further development of human genetic diseases research.
Nowadays, Mongol is a central Asian ethnic group mostly inhabited in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and Buryatia in Russia with about ten millions ethnic mongol people. Tracing back to the 13th and 14th Century, the "Mongol Empire" was commonly referred as the "largest contiguous empire" in the world history, and it has stretched its territory from the Yellow Sea in eastern Asia to the borders of eastern Europe under the leadership of Genghis Khan and his descendants.
The vast empire had promoted exchange of new technology, commodities and culture, as well as trade and migration between different ethnic groups across Europe and Asia. The migration of Mongol in Eurasia Region including China, Middle East and Russia during the period of Mongol Empire has always been debated by scientists. The study of Monlogian genome will provide new insights to their potential impact on the human evolution at the genetic level.
In this study, the DNA sample was from a male adult who belongs to the Mongolian "Royal Family" and is the 34th generation descendant of Genghis Khan. "The sample is very valuable for the study with a full record of family pedigree and no background of intermarriage between other ethnic groups." said Professor Huanmin Zhou, Project Investigator and Director of Science and Technology at IMAU.
"With the completion of the first Mongolian genome, we believe that the genomics study of Mongolian will help us to explore the distinctive features of Mongolian and the genetic differences with other ethnic groups, including the medical genetics and incidence of genetic diseases." stated by Ye Yin, Director of Research and Cooperation Division at BGI.
"We are currently planning to sequence and analyze more Mongolian samples, aiming to build genetic database of Mongolian for supporting research of Mongolian in medicine, migration, evolution, among others." said Professor Zhou, "We are also seeking more participants and helpful advices for the project to promote the research findings for bringing benefits to human." he added.
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lost fangs with new ones.
In fact, it will come back like a stump in the same spot as the old fang, and that is something that's going to become very functional in a short space of time.
However, if they lose their fangs as adults, then there's no chance of them being able to grow back.
At that point, it's the end for the spider. If that happens to your adult spider, then it would be best to euthanize them instead of allowing them to suffer for any prolonged period of time.
So, your spider does not have teeth, but it doesn't allow that simple fact to stop it in its tracks.
Instead, it is able to eat and live a happy life thanks to other ways and means that are even better at breaking up food and allowing them to get the nutrients they need in order to live.
To be honest, their fangs or jaws work even better than most people realize, and as spiders have been around for millions of years, then it's clear that not having teeth is something that has not hampered them in the slightest.
Don't worry that your spider doesn't have teeth. It's not bothering them, and they manage to survive with ease. Also, keep in mind the point we made about them losing a fang.
As long as they are young, then it won't affect their ability to survive. Instead, keep on feeding your pet spider with their favorite insects and sit back to watch how amazing your spider is at dealing with their prey.
Barry Gray
Barry is a freelance writer from Scotland. He has written about pets for over a decade, and his work has been turned into a range of ebooks, courses, and material for diplomas. Barry is passionate about all animals, but particularly dogs, fish, rabbits, birds and spiders. You can find out more about Barry at _URL_
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text: As the high-speed vehicular node passes the coverage area of a road side unit in the vehicular ad hoc network, it may not be able to receive all content information broadcast by the RSU during the short contact duration with the RSU. Hence, when the vehicular node leaves the coverage area of the RSU, it has to adopt the cooperative content distribution approach to share its received content pieces, which are encoded by the network coding technology, with all neighboring nodes. However, these approaches do not consider that vehicular nodes in reality may have different degrees of selfishness and interests on various types of content information, which in turn hinders those selfish nodes from sharing their contents with others. In this paper, we will propose the SocialCode scheme, adopting the content bitmap, for each node to calculate the number of different network-coded content pieces, its corresponding re-broadcast priority and the correct number of re-encoded NC content pieces with all neighbor nodes first. SocialCode then classifies vehicular nodes into four types and further integrates corresponding credit-based incentive protocols to stimulate nodes' willingness to re-broadcast their content pieces. Finally simulation results show that SocialCode outperforms over traditional NC-based cooperative content distribution schemes, if they adopt the credit-based incentive protocols without considering node selfishness and interests.


text:
Professor in the Department of Horticulture
(WSU faculty member since 2008)
Areas of Interest:
- Pome fruit breeding – apples and pears, scions and rootstocks.
- Pome fruit genomics – development of molecular maps and markers for pre-selection in breeding progenies
Education and Work History:
- Senior Research Leader at East Malling Research, UK (_PHONE_)
- PhD – Durham University. The effects of foreign genes in transgenic Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- B.Sc. (Hons) – First class Genetics/Plant Biology, Leeds University
WSU Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center
1100 N. Western Ave.
Wenatchee, WA 98801-1230
Email for Kate Evans


1. WeatherSpark.com
 2. United States
 3. Pennsylvania
 4. Progress
 5. March
Average Weather in March in Progress Pennsylvania, United States
Daily high temperatures increase by 11°F, from 45°F to 56°F, rarely falling below 33°F or exceeding 71°F.
Daily low temperatures increase by 9°F, from 29°F to 38°F, rarely falling below 17°F or exceeding 48°F.
For reference, on July 20, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Progress typically range from 67°F to 85°F, while on January 29, the coldest day of the year, they range from 23°F to 37°F.
Average High and Low Temperature in March
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on March. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.
Average Hourly Temperature in March
Average Hourly Temperature in March in Progress18152229112233445566778899101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030313112 AM4 AM8 AM12 PM4 PM8 PM12 AMFebAprfreezingfreezingvery coldcoldcool
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
Krasnodar, Russia (5,334 miles away) and Urus-Martan, Russia (5,653 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Progress (view comparison).
Clouds
The month of March in Progress experiences essentially constant cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy remaining about 52% throughout the month.
The clearest day of the month is March 22, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 49% of the time.
For reference, on January 12, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 56%, while on September 4, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 66%.
Cloud Cover Categories in March
Cloud Cover Categories in March in Progress1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%FebAprMar 147%Mar 147%Mar 3149%Mar 3149%Mar 1149%Mar 1149%Mar 2149%Mar 2149%clearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
Precipitation
A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Progress, the chance of a wet day over the course of March is increasing, starting the month at 24% and ending it at 30%.
For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 39% on June 10, and its lowest chance is 21% on January 28.
Over the course of March in Progress, the chance of a day with only rain increases from 16% to 27%, the chance of a day with mixed snow and rain decreases from 6% to 2%, and the chance of a day with only snow decreases from 3% to 0%.
Probability of Precipitation in March
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Rainfall
To show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.
The average sliding 31-day rainfall during March in Progress is rapidly increasing, starting the month at 2.0 inches, when it rarely exceeds 3.9 inches or falls below 0.6 inches, and ending the month at 3.0 inches, when it rarely exceeds 5.2 inches or falls below 1.3 inches.
Average Monthly Rainfall in March
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average liquid-equivalent snowfall.
Snowfall
We report snowfall in liquid-equivalent terms. The actual depth of new snowfall is typically between 5 and 10 times the liquid-equivalent amount, assuming the ground is frozen. As with rainfall, we consider the liquid-equivalent snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.
The average sliding 31-day liquid-equivalent snowfall during March in Progress is gradually decreasing, starting the month at 0.6 inches, when it rarely exceeds 1.6 inches, and ending the month at 0.2 inches, when it rarely exceeds 0.6 inches or falls below -0.0 inches.
Average Monthly Liquid-Equivalent Snowfall in March
The average liquid-equivalent snowfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average rainfall.
Sun
Over the course of March in Progress, the length of the day is rapidly increasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day increases by 1 hour, 20 minutes, implying an average daily increase of 2 minutes, 40 seconds, and weekly increase of 18 minutes, 41 seconds.
The shortest day of the month is March 1, with 11 hours, 17 minutes of daylight and the longest day is March 31, with 12 hours, 37 minutes of daylight.
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in March
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in March in Progress1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hrFebAprMar 2012 hr, 8 minMar 2012 hr, 8 minnightnightdaydayMar 111 hr, 17 minMar 111 hr, 17 min
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
The earliest sunrise of the month in Progress is 6:28 AM on March 9 and the latest sunrise is 58 minutes later at 7:27 AM on March 10.
The earliest sunset is 5:58 PM on March 1 and the latest sunset is 1 hour, 32 minutes later at 7:30 PM on March 31.
Daylight saving time (DST) starts at 3:00 AM on March 10, 2019, shifting sunrise and sunset to be an hour later.
For reference, on June 21, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:37 AM and sets 15 hours, 3 minutes later, at 8:40 PM, while on December 22, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 7:26 AM and sets 9 hours, 18 minutes later, at 4:44 PM.
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in March
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in March in Progress1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031312 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMFebApr6:28 AM6:28 AMMar 96:07 PMMar 96:07 PM6:53 AM6:53 AMMar 317:30 PMMar 317:30 PMMar 10DSTMar 10DSTSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunset
The solar day over the course of March. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels.
Humidity
We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.
The chance that a given day will be muggy in Progress is essentially constant during March, remaining around 0% throughout.
For reference, on August 2, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 50% of the time, while on January 1, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.
Humidity Comfort Levels in March
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
Wind
This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely


text:
The continuation of concept development and test of a water-based, advanced Phase Change Material (PCM) heat sink is proposed. Utilizing a novel material choice for both an expansion diaphragm and the PCM case itself, the PCM can accommodate both the expansion of the freezing water-based material and very low temperature of approximately -250F. The water-based PCM itself would be non-toxic and non-flammable, but additives will be included to preclude deterioration of wither the PCM container or the diaphragm material. The use of a water-based PCM gives the highest heat capacity for the mass. This is highly limited due to the needs for portability as required for an Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA). The total heat capacity of an operational unit would be for 4 hour duration EVA use. Through a logical progression of tasks including concept of operation formulation, requirements formulation, concept design reviews and detail design reviews that include design and thermal analysis using Thermal DesktopTM
models, this effort can progress from the TRL 3 achieved in Phase I to TRL 4-5. The team will continue development by designing a Variable Conductance Interface (VCI) for protecting water in the Liquid Cooling Garment (LCG) from freezing due to the temperature of the heat sink used by the PCM. The team will also develop system improvements identified during Phase I testing. The PCM will be tested to confirm heat input/temperature performance and cycling capability. The test bed will allow for accurate heat input knowledge, temperature monitoring and cycling capability. The results will be compared to the thermal model to ensure accurate prediction capability for the next phase unit and system implementation. The design description and test results would form the basis of the final report.


have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.
See also
 1. The 2004 Statistical directory of Congo lists 12 departments, 6 communes, and 85 districts
 2. A list of subprefects (higher representatives of State in a district) nominated in December 2008 lists 86 districts. Search [1]
 3. Finally, the good figures seem to come from this site: 12 departments, 7 communes, and 86 districts
Further reading
External links
 - Congolese Government Portal (French)
 - Presidency of the Republic (French)
 - Chief of State and Cabinet Members
 - BBC News
 - The World Factbook
 - Republic of the Congo from UCB Libraries GovPubs
 - DMOZ
 - Atlas of the Republic of the Congo
 - Universal Periodic Review, May 6, 2009.
 - Humanitarian news and analysis from IRIN – Congo


text:
Simply begin typing or use the editing tools above to add to this article.
Once you are finished and click submit, your modifications will be sent to our editors for review.
The European ash (F. excelsior), with 7 to 11 leaflets, is a timber tree of wide distribution throughout Europe. A number of its varieties have been cultivated and used in landscaping for centuries. Notable among these are forms with dwarflike or weeping habits, variegated foliage, warty twigs and branches, and curled leaves. The flowering ash (F. ornus) of southern Europe...
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text:
The bottom outlets at the Three Gorges Project will be the most important discharge structure, characterized by their numourous openings,larger size,longer discharging duration,frequantly operation and higher and variable water head.
Past experimental results with the turbulent boundary layer on the overflow dam surface and the outlet structure bucket are summarized. Formulas for layer thickness of the smooth and rough spillway surface are derived.
Combining the demand of the water resources planning of Urumqi City, applying the model to Urumqi river water resources system,this article on the basic of analyzing the relation of natural channel inflow and loss process,using outlet structure simulate the urumqi river natural channel loss.
With more and more internal and external high-head conservancy projects constructed,finding a new dissipation method for solving the problems of outlet structure's safety and dissipation under the condition of high-head and large discharge is one of the hard nuts to crack having to be settled urgently during high-dam hydraulic design.
In this paper,it is considered that the VFIED is a newidea and also a new method in solving the problems appearing in high dams hydraulic design on highhead ,such as outlet structure safety and full dissipation in large discharge.
It is possible that the discharge structure is related to the existence of a region of self-maintained discharge (luminous film surrounding the electrode) and a region of semi-self-maintained discharge (spherical region).
The discharge structure is determined by the periodicity of the field of a Besselian beam in the radial and longitudinal directions and also depends on the power and duration of the heating pulse.
In the initial stage of the plasma channel formation, the configuration of the channel inhomogeneities follows the discharge structure.
If the spatial scale of the discharge structure is small, then the developing channel evolves into a homogeneous state.
It was found that the transverse discharge structure near the cathode radically changes during the pulse.


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VariableGainAmplifier Constructor (SignalProcessor, Double, Double, Double, Double)
Initializes a new instance from the given signal input, saturated input power, saturated output power, noise factor, and reference temperature.
Namespace: AGI.Foundation.Communications.SignalProcessing
Assembly: AGI.Foundation.Communications (in AGI.Foundation.Communications.dll) Version: 21.1.408.0 (21.1.408.0)
Syntax
public VariableGainAmplifier(
 SignalProcessor inputSignalProcessor,
 double saturatedInputPower,
 double saturatedOutputPower,
 double noiseFactor,
 double referenceTemperature
)
Parameters
inputSignalProcessor
Type: AGI.Foundation.Communications.SignalProcessingSignalProcessor
The signal processor producing the signal to be amplified.
saturatedInputPower
Type: SystemDouble
The saturated input power of the amplifier.
saturatedOutputPower
Type: SystemDouble
The saturated output power of the amplifier. The output power of the amplifier will never exceed this value.
noiseFactor
Type: SystemDouble
The noise factor of the amplifier.
referenceTemperature
Type: SystemDouble
The reference temperature of the amplifier.
See Also


Ideas of James Baillie, by Theme
[British, fl. 1988, Taught at the University of Portland, Oregon.]
5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 4. Identity in Logic
In logic identity involves reflexivity (x=x), symmetry (if x=y, then y=x) and transitivity (if x=y and y=z, then x=z)


text:
Exyrias akihito is a species of marine goby. Since the recent description of this species it has been found to have a wide distribution in the western Pacific including the Great Barrier Reef, New Guinea, Indonesia, the Philippines and the Yaeyama Islands, Japan. One individual was photographed in Palau, and on January 13, 2005 one was caught in the lagoon of Majuro Atoll in the Marshall Islands. This animal had only 9 soft rays in its dorsal fin instead of the normal 10, a congenital abnormality known to occasionally occur in gobies and other fish.
Members of this species used to be assigned to the widespread species Exyrias belissimus but it differs from that species in a number of respects, notably in the very long dorsal fin spines and the paler coloration with numerous yellow or orange spots on all parts. It also differs in habitat preference: E. belissimus is a bottom-dwelling species of turbid waters while E. akihito prefers clear water and is usually found on coral rubble or sandy patches near coral reefs at a depth of 10–43 m.
The species was named in honour of Emperor Akihito of Japan, who is a keen ichthyologist with a special interest in gobies. Type material for the new species was in part procured by the Imperial Household Agency's Biological Laboratory.
- Akihito, genus of the family Gobiidae named after Akihito
- Allen & Randall (2005), Randall (2008)
- Allen & Randall (2005)
|Wikispecies has information related to Exyrias akihito.|
- Allen, Gerald R. & Randall, John E. (2005): Exyrias akihito, a new species of coral-reef goby (Gobiidae) from the western pacific. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 53(2): 231–235. PDF fulltext
- Randall, John E. (2008): Two new species and three new records of gobiid fishes from the Marshall Islands. Micronesica 40(1/2): 285–303. PDF fulltext
- Photos of Exyrias akihito on Sealife Collection


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Patient and Family Centered Care is the core of the San Leandro Hospital care philosophy. We are centered on the needs of our patients and their families through a welcomed partnership between patient, family and the health care team. We develop programs, policies and processes that improve the patient experience and give patients and their families the opportunity to make informed choices about their care and the delivery process.
We pledge to patients and their families a daily commitment to the values and standards of Patient and Family Centered Care:
- We know, accept and respect that every patient is different and comes with his/ her own set of expectations.
- We understand and honor patients' personal preferences, cultural beliefs, values, choices, decisions, lifestyles and family situations.
- We involve patients and family members in the decision making process as a joint partner of the care team.
- We empower patients and family members to monitor and provide input to their clinical care and decisions, allowing them to decide their span of control.
- We ensure the patient transitions between staff, providers, departments and campuses are efficient, timely and coordinated.
- We provide a welcoming, supportive environment for healing and wellness.
Visit Our Services for a comprehensive list of care provided at San Leandro Hospital.
Quality and Safety at San Leandro Hospital
No Matter How You Define Quality – It's Built on a Foundation of Patient Safety
Patients and families know quality care when they experience it. A nurse's quick, timely, and caring response, a doctor's bedside manner, the hospital's cleanliness and comfort, a safe and clean environment – all these things affect how people feel about the quality of their health care.
At San Leandro Hospital, we believe that the highest quality and the best clinical outcomes cannot be achieved without establishing the safest possible environment for our patients. Patient safety is the foundation for how we provide care.
We believe that quality health care is:
- Safe: Avoiding and ultimately eliminating errors and/or injuries to patients from the care that is intended to help them.
- Effective: Providing care and services based on scientific knowledge and best practices.
- Patient and Family Centered: Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient and family preferences, needs and values, ensuring that patients' values guide all clinical decisions.
- Timely: Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who receive and provide care.
- Efficient: Maximizing value and avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas and energy.
- Equitable: Providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such as gender, orientation, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status.
We are passionate about our commitment to continuously improving all of these important aspects of quality health care.
How Quality is Measured
Quality data comes in many forms. Information can be pulled from clinical records, billing information or administrative codes that are used to classify diagnoses and conditions. The data is run through complex math models to try to make it meaningful.
Because quality data is pulled from multiple sources, documentation plays a crucial role in measurement. When treating a patient, a practitioner needs to accurately and consistently report the specific diagnosis and document the treatment the patient receives.
If the practitioner makes an error in the documentation process, it can have a negative effect on the hospital's performance rating – even if the patient's clinical outcome is optimal.
San Leandro Hospital has implemented an electronic documentation system and trained our health care practitioners to ensure that documentation is accurate and specific. Accurate documentation helps to limit reporting errors, so our clinical and administrative staff can better identify true clinical improvement opportunities.


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This lecture will trace the development of soil and rock injection over the past 45 years - from pocket-book empirical practice to a fully engineered process.
This progress has been achieved due to major developments in materials, plant and equipment, and analytical and control tools, and the dedication of designers and practitioners to improve the quality and efficiency of their work. Other factors include greater understanding of the structure and characteristics of soils and rocks, improved techniques for evaluating their properties before and after ground treatment, greater training and education of engineers and operatives.
The lecture will also address the need for specialist skills, and the importance of safeguarding the future development of this essential technology by creating an appropriate and supportive environment for engineers and operatives to develop and apply their skills.
For more information please contact:
ICE Events Team
- e: [email protected]
- t: +44 (0)207 _PHONE_


Hi there! 🐒 Below is a massive list of diffraction grating words - that is, words related to diffraction grating. There are 460 diffraction grating-related words in total, with the top 5 most semantically related being monochromator, dispersion, diffraction, grating and waveguide. You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. The words at the top of the list are the ones most associated with diffraction grating, and as you go down the relatedness becomes more slight. By default, the words are sorted by relevance/relatedness, but you can also get the most common diffraction grating terms by using the menu below, and there's also the option to sort the words alphabetically so you can get diffraction grating words starting with a particular letter. You can also filter the word list so it only shows words that are also related to another word of your choosing. So for example, you could enter "monochromator" and click "filter", and it'd give you words that are related to diffraction grating and monochromator.
You can highlight the terms by the frequency with which they occur in the written English language using the menu below. The frequency data is extracted from the English Wikipedia corpus, and updated regularly. If you just care about the words' direct semantic similarity to diffraction grating, then there's probably no need for this.
There are already a bunch of websites on the net that help you find synonyms for various words, but only a handful that help you find related, or even loosely associated words. So although you might see some synonyms of diffraction grating in the list below, many of the words below will have other relationships with diffraction grating - you could see a word with the exact opposite meaning in the word list, for example. So it's the sort of list that would be useful for helping you build a diffraction grating vocabulary list, or just a general diffraction grating word list for whatever purpose, but it's not necessarily going to be useful if you're looking for words that mean the same thing as diffraction grating (though it still might be handy for that).
If you're looking for names related to diffraction grating, this page might help you come up with ideas. The results below obviously aren't all going to be applicable for the actual name of your pet/blog/startup/etc., but hopefully they get your mind working and help you see the links between various concepts. If your pet/blog/etc. has something to do with diffraction grating, then it's obviously a good idea to use concepts or words to do with diffraction grating.
If you don't find what you're looking for in the list below, or if there's some sort of bug and it's not displaying diffraction grating related words, please send me feedback using this page. Thanks for using the site - I hope it is useful to you! 🐼
sort by:
also related to:
That's about all the diffraction grating related words we've got! I hope this list of diffraction grating terms was useful to you in some way or another. The words down here at the bottom of the list will be in some way associated with diffraction grating, but perhaps tenuously (if you've currenly got it sorted by relevance, that is). If you have any feedback for the site, please post it here, but please note this is only a hobby project, so I may not be able to make regular updates to the site. Have a nice day! 🐕


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Question: What is the history of the use of molasses in beer? Do you know around what time and why breweries stopped using molasses and switched to sugar? We are doing a story on the Molasses Flood of 1919, and want to know what the use of molasses was in beer at that time. M.J., Pasadena, California, USA
Answer: Sugar Cane was brought to the West Indies at the end of the 15th Century; however, evidence of its usage in making alcohol did not surface until approximately 1640. It was used primarily for the making of rum.
During the 18th Century, colonists in the New World used molasses in the sweetening of foods and beverages, in the making of rum, and in the brewing of beer. It was difficult for the colonists to get hops, and the bitterness yielded by cooked molasses would serve to balance out the malt/corn sweetness in beer. Many believe that the Revolutionary War was precipitated by the Molasses Act of 1733, which imposed a heavy tax on sugar and molasses coming from anywhere except the British islands in the Caribbean. This tax was lowered in 1764.
The popular use of molasses fluctuated with the price. In the 19th century, molasses was the most common sweetener in the USA. Due to its accessibility, it would have been a popular ingredient in the brewing of beer during this period. At the end of the 19th Century, sugar rates dropped, and molasses began to lose its popularity. It played a cat and mouse race with sugar and maple syrup in the early 1900's, but lost popularity after World War I (1918) when sugar prices again fell.
At the same time, those fighting for the cause of Prohibition were anxiously lobbying for the ratification of the 18th Amendment. On January 16, 1919, Nebraska added their vote in favor of the 18th Amendment, and prohibition was put into effect. This was one day after the Great Molasses Flood of 1919. During the tragic clean-up, church bells rang out across Boston, in jubilant celebration of Prohibition.
Of course, after the Molasses Disaster in Boston, its association with tragedy was so intense in the Northeastern US, that the use of molasses declined rapidly.
Molasses is still used in some beer - most notably, in Theakston Old Peculier Old Ale. T & R Theakston Ltd., North Yorkshire, U.K.
Many home brewers use molasses for brewing Old Ale or Porter. It is also an ingredient in Poor Richard's Ale, the Commemorative Beer for the Ben Franklin Tercentenary, this year, 2006.
Molasses is known as treacle in the UK.


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Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_44_13.pdf 547 KB
Sugaya Yasuyuki Department of Information and Computer Sciences Toyohashi University of Technology
A new numerical scheme is presented for computing strict maximum likelihood (ML) of geometric fitting problems having an implicit constraint. Our approach is orthogonal projection of observations onto a parameterized surface defined by the constraint. Assuming a linearly separable nonlinear constraint, we show that a theoretically global solution can be obtained by iterative Sampson error minimization. Our approach is illustrated by ellipse fitting and fundamental matrix computation. Our method also encompasses optimal correction, computing, e.g., perpendiculars to an ellipse and triangulating stereo images. A detailed discussion is given to technical and practical issues about our approach.
Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
|Eprints Journal Name||


Home > Articles > How Cops can Stay 'Left of Bang' in a Critical Incident
"Left of bang" is a concept (and a book by Patrick Van Horne and Jason Riley) which can be described as a timeline. It's the time before a critical incident can no longer be contained. As soon as the IED goes off, the shot is fired, or the crash takes place, you are at bang. "Right of bang" is where police officers do not want to be. Left of bang is about situational awareness and keeping things from getting to bang.
I have recommended Gavin de Becker's book The Gift of Fear to cops and civilians for years and now must recommend Left of Bang as a companion book. The more training and experience people have in developing situational awareness, the better adept they are at staying left of bang. Here are some key ways cops can stay left of bang.
1. Treat people with respect
2. Use contact/cover and backup
3. Sharpen your situational awareness
4. Remember "Ask, Tell, Make"
5. Prepare to use force without hesitation or fear
For more on each of these recommendations, view the full article at: _URL_


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Call a spade a spade
To speak plainly - to describe something as it really is.
It might be thought that this derives from the derogatory use of the slang term'spade', meaning Negro - an American term originating in the 20th century. That view of it as derogatory might also be thought to be supported by this piece from John Trapp's Mellificium theologicum, or the marrow of many good authors, 1647:
"Gods people shall not spare to call a spade a spade, a niggard a niggard."
Trapp's use of 'niggard' is difficult to interpret. The word had several meanings in the 17th century. It could be used to mean'miser', which is the more common usage today, or as a general term of abuse - 'lout', 'barbarian' etc. The word was also used as the name of firebricks in grates.
The co-incidence in form and pronuctiation of 'niggard' and 'nigger' causes some confusion. Although the two words probably derived independently, they doubtless affected each other's development of meaning over time.
Whatever Trapp's intention was, we can be confident that he didn't mean 'nigger' or 'negro'.
An earlier expression of the notion, albeit in different form to that which we now use, comes from Nicolas Udall's 'Apophthegmes, that is to saie, prompte saiynges. First gathered by Erasmus' - translated in 1542:
"Philippus aunswered, that the Macedonians wer feloes of no fyne witte in their termes but altogether grosse, clubbyshe, and rusticall, as they whiche had not the witte to calle a spade by any other name then a spade."
This refers back to Plutarch's Apophthegmata.
The eccentric right-wing British Tory politician Sir Gerald Nabarro was fond of emphasizing his direct'man of the people' image by saying 'I call a spade a shovel'. In fact, despite being from an immigrant family himself, Nabarro loudly supported the repatriation of Caribbean immigrants to the UK. How he referred in private to the people who would have undoubtedly have been called'spades' in Nabarro's social circle isn't recorded.


Nicomedes II King of Kingdom of Bithynia from 149 BC to 127 BC.
Nicomedes II was the king of Bithynia from 149 to c. 127 BC. He was the son and successor of Prusias II and Apame IV. He was so popular with the people that his father sent him to Rome to limit his influence. However, in Rome, he also gained favor from the Roman Senate, forcing Prusias to send an emissary named Menas with secret orders to assassinate him. But the emissary revealed the plot, and persuaded the prince to rebel against his father.
Supported by King Attalus II of Pergamon, he was completely successful, and ordered his father to be put to death at Nicomedia. During his long reign Nicomedes adhered steadily to the Roman alliance, and assisted them against the pretender to the throne of Pergamon Eumenes III. He was succeeded by his son Nicomedes III.
Nicomedes II
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In the 8th century BC, India could be broadly understood in terms of five large regions viz. Madhyadesa (the middle country), Pratichya (western lands), Prachya. By the 6th century B.C. there were approximately 22 different Janapadas. The key points related to the Janapadas and the Mahajanapadas are. PDF | On Jan 1, , Karam Tej Sarao and others published Janapadas, Mahājanapadas, Kingdoms, and Republics.
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The defeated king also was invited to attend these sacrifice ceremonies, as a friend and ally. Classical Numismatic Group Inc. The first reference to the Angas is found in the Atharva-Veda where they find mention along with the MagadhasGandharis and the Mujavats, apparently as a despised people. The Surasena kingdom had lost its independence on annexation by the Magadhan empire.
Its kings allied with the Devatas in various wars against the Daityas, Rakshas, and Asuras. The Kambojas are known to have had both Iranian as well as Indian affinities. Misra theorizes that these smaller janas were conquered by and assimilated into the larger janas.
Janapadas and Mahajanapadas
The Kashis along with the Kosalas and Videhans find mention in Vedic texts and appear to have been a closely allied people. University of Calcutta, p. The Gandhara kingdom sometimes also included Kashmira.
The Pre-Buddhist north-west region of the Indian sub-continent was divided into several Janapadas demarcated from each other by boundaries. In ancient literature, the Kamboja is variously associated with the GandharaDarada and the Bahlika Bactria.
The Kamboja Mahajanapada of the Buddhist traditions refers to this cis-Hindukush branch of ancient Kambojas. This was the one and only conquest of Bimbisara.
While some of the janas evolved into their own janapadas, others appear to have mixed together to form a common Janapada. The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagara modern Bairat which is said to have been named after its founder king Virata. King Sujata ruled over both the Chedis and Matsyas, thus showing that Matsya once formed a part of the Chedi kingdom. XIII also attest that the Kambojas followed republican constitution. The Coinage of Ancient India.
University of Calcutta, pp. The country of Assaka lay outside the pale of Madhyadesa. The Mallas are maahjanapadas mentioned in Buddhist and Jain works.
There was no border security for a kingdom and border disputes were very rare.
There was, however, a struggle for supremacy between king Pasenadi Prasenajit and king Ajatashatru of Magadha which was finally settled once the confederation of Lichchavis became aligned with Magadha. According ianapadas the Jatakasthe capital of the Kurus was Indraprastha Indapatta near modern Delhi which extended seven leagues.
Late medieval period — Kosala was ultimately merged into Magadha when Vidudabha was Kosala's ruler. Modern The Great Rebellionc. Views Read Edit View history. For example, Jayaswal has wrongly translated the word "amantra" in a Ramayana verse as "to offer advice"; it actually means "to bid farewell" in proper context.
Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, p.
Mahajanapadas – Wikipedia
The head of a kingdom was called a rajan or king. Palaeolithic 2,—, BC Madrasian Culture. Chalcolithic — BC Anarta tradition.
Indian nationalist historians such as K. Early modern Mughal Dynastyc. It was the most important entreport of goods and passengers from the north-west and south. The Matsyas had not much political importance of their own during the time of Buddha. Retrieved 28 June Hittite pedan"place". The Voice of Anga Desh". Shah, the Gandhara and Kamboja were nothing but two provinces of one empire and were located coterminously, hence influencing each other's language.
Other great kings were Prithu, Harishchandra, and Dilip, who are each mentioned in different Puranas, Ramayan, and Mahabharat. Geographical Data in the Early Puranasp. Part of a series on.
Neolithic 10,— BC Bhirrana Culture. Tribes and kingdoms mentioned in the Mahabharata. At one time, Assaka included Mulaka and abutted Avanti.
Similarly, there were some tribes in the eastern regions of India considered to be in this category. Later, the kingdom was ruled by the famous king Prasenajit during the era of Mahavira and Buddha, followed by his son Vidudabha Mahakanapadas. The location of the capital city, Suktimatihas not been established with certainty.
Later on, Pataliputra jahajanapadas the capital of Magadha. The Sanskrit term janapada is a tatpurusha compound term, composed of two words: A coin of Takshashilaportrays a tree flanked by a hill surmounted by a crescent and a Nandipada above a swastika.
Colonial states — Portuguese India. Sometimes, large forests, which were larger than the kingdoms themselves, formed their boundaries as was the case of Naimisha Forestthe NaimishaAranyam between Panchala and Kosala kingdoms.


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Yale in Payne County, Oklahoma — The American South (West South Central)
This cabin is the oldest known homestead in Payne County. Built in 1876 by Pawnee Rice and later occupied by the William Sherman Tecumseh Kerby family. It has been preserved and restored as a memorial to the pioneer spirit so richly portrayed by these two families.
As a further tribute, it will be used as a teaching facility to portray the early life of James Francis Thorpe, World's Greatest Athlete, and his personal contribution to the history of our State.
The restoration was made possible by the contributions of the Yale Historical Society, family members, and the Jim Thorpe Memorial Foundation.
Erected by Yale Historical Society.
Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Agriculture • Settlements & Settlers • Sports. A significant historical year for this entry is 1876.
Location. 36° 6.898′ N, 96° 41.447′ W. Marker is in Yale, Oklahoma, in Payne County. Marker is on East Boston Avenue, on the right when traveling east. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Yale OK 74085, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 7 other markers are within 12 miles of this marker, measured Harold V. "Tex" Brown (approx. ¼ mile away); The Camp of Washington Irving (approx. ¼ mile away); World Famous Athlete Jim Thorpe (approx. ¼ mile away); Turkey Track Ranch (approx. 9.1 miles away); U.S. Marshals Monument (approx. 10½ miles away); The Battle of Ingalls (approx. 10.6 miles away); Outlaw Battle (approx. 11.1 miles away).
Credits. This page was last revised on December 13, 2020. It was originally submitted on December 13, 2020, by TeamOHE of Napoleon, Ohio. This page has been viewed 83 times since then and 21 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3. submitted on December 13, 2020, by TeamOHE of Napoleon, Ohio. • J. Makali Bruton was the editor who published this page.


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Showing all 2 results
PSORALEA PINNATA – Pinatta Information
- Fountain bush
Psoralae pinnata is an erect shrub or small tree, which grows up to 4 m high, with blue, lilac and white, pea-shaped flowers which bloom from October to December.Although the flowers are seldom very showy, they are delicate and charming on the slender branches.
Psoralae pinnata is a fairly widespread species growing from the Clanwilliam District south towards the Cape Peninsula and then eastwards and northwards through George and Knysna to the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland and Mphumalanga.
Psoralae pinnata is one of the earliest South African plants to have been cultivated.
If there is one herb for stress, and anxiety that puts all others to shame, this is the one.
Psoralea pinnata forms an integral part of the Khoisan's medicinal herbal chest and it deserves the same respect and attention as its more famous counterparts. Psoralea pinnata is used for any stress especially for younger patients. It is particularly chosen for students undergoing stressful times.
Psoralea pinnata works on the emotional kevel rather than the physical. This is why it helps with diabetes, especially in cases where diabetes is aggravated by emotional issues and stress. Traditionally, it is believed that it helps the pancreas in cases where it has been affected by emotional trauma.
Since stress and other emotional issues often trigger herpes symptoms, Psoralea pinnata helps alleviate the symptoms of herpes. Traditionally it is not used as a medicine for herpes but as a supplement. Psoralea pinnata helps cancer patients cope with the traumatic experience caused by cancer.
Growing Psoralea pinnata
As with most Fabaceae, growing Psoralea pinnata is quite difficult from cuttings. It is best grown from seed. A handful of soil taken from below the parent plant and added to the seed tray is generally helpful when sowing Fabaceae seeds. This helps to ensure that the symbiotic mycorrhiza which grow on the roots and encourage nutrient uptake are present.


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The display promises to give a fascinating insight into the lives of ordinary Scots workers who involved themselves in the development of the early trade union movement. Highlights of the exhibition are:
- The original deed of establishment in 1761 of the Fenwick Weavers' Society in Ayrshire which is regarded as the world's first ever co-operative society
- A membership card issued almost two centuries ago to one of the first ever trade unionists in Scotland
- The service and pay book for John Dunlop who fought against fascism in the Spanish Civil War
Finding out more about ordinary folk rather than the 'great and the good' is always a challenge when using documentary sources, but exhibitions like this can at least give us a glimpse into aspects of the lives of our more 'humble' ancestors.
The exhibition runs from 2nd September until the end of October at George IV Bridge, Edinburgh, and should be well worth a visit. More details can be found at: _URL_
|Image: Simon Howden / FreeDigitalPhotos.net|


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The SupportPac provides two features that support the usage of business rules and Predictive Analytics together:
- Part 1: Import a decision tree model via PMML (Predictive Model Markup Language) and generate an Operational Decision Management decision tree at design time (discussed in this article)
- Part 2: Reference predictive scores within business rules and obtain those scores at runtime from the SPSS Scoring Service (not discussed in this article)
To install the IBM WebSphere Operational Decision Management Integration with the SPSS Predictive Analytics Suite SupportPac, you must:
- Unzip the SupportPac deliverable in the WebSphere Operational Decision Management installation directory.
- Install the predictive analytics features from Rule Designer.
The PMML import approach works for Decision Tree models. Decision Tree models are produced by data mining algorithms (such as CHAID, C&RT, ID3, C4.5/C5.0) that identify various ways of splitting a dataset into branch-like segments, forming an inverted tree that starts with the root node at the top of the tree. Decision Tree models are used frequently in the data mining community for classification and prediction as they are easy to understand, easy to use, support both quantitative and qualitative measurements, and are very robust. Data mining workbenches, like the SPSS Modeler, provide rich toolsets for creating and validating Decision Tree models.
The PMML import feature focuses on the Decision Tree model. After your Decision Tree model is exported from a modeling tool to a PMML file, you can import it into a decision tree.
The primary difference between a Decision Tree model, as used in the data mining community, and a decision tree is that the decision tree has actions attached to the leaf nodes while the Decision Tree model usually has some sort of predicted variable or classification attribute specified for each node. In other words, a Decision Tree model can identify the business rules for classifying and predicting a specific variable, whereas the decision tree can actually execute those business rules along with the appropriate actions at run time.
1. Importing PMML you have a choice to either generate the BOM elements the model is using or to map existing BOM elements to the fields in the model.
2. The PMML import creates a Decision Tree and the BOM elements used in the model. You may get B2X errors and warnings until you create the corresponding XOM class.
3. At this point you can treat the Decision Tree as other Decision Trees (if any) or rule artifacts created in Rule Designer. You are allowed to modify/edit the DT. Best practices around ruleflow orchestration suggest that each decision tree should be contained within its own rule task.
Note that an imported decision tree currently has no life-cycle link to the PMML file. Consequently, if you change the PMML model itself, you will have to repeat the import/modification process.


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Bolivian Sign LanguagePrint
350 to 400 (1988 E. Powlison).
Cochabamba, La Paz, Riberalta, Santa Cruz.
Based on American Sign Language [ase] with necessary changes for borrowed Spanish lexical items. Some groups in La Paz and Santa Cruz use the same signs with some dialect signs from their own areas. There is evidence that Bolivian Sign Language is no more divergent from ASL [ase] than some dialects of ASL (Morgan 2004).
Originated by missionaries. Other deaf schools use only the oralist approach.


Different Areas, Times, People, Truths
 1. Churchwork
 Over the two thousand years of church history, various churches have been raised up at different times. This we may call the cause of time. Then as churches have been formed in different areas, area has become a cause. Also, with the raising up of different human instruments used in the planting of churches, people have become a cause. In addition to these three causes of time, area, and person, there is further the cause of emphasis on a particular truth in the Bible. The Word of God contains so many aspects of truth that people tend to establish churches based on one special truth. Maybe in a certain area there arises a special need and someone comes forth with a particular emphasis on one aspect of truth.
Results 1 to 1 of 1


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Public Session Outcomes
Hosted by Evansville Vanderburgh Public Library (EVPL)
Date: June 3, 2021
Carry Forward & Leave Behind
Group 1 Visions
- Partnership between multiple denominations of churches. Community projects. Businesses providing mentors for schools. Updated schools, safe, clean, etc. Community neighborhood parks that are safe.
- To make southside Evansville a place that is celebrating community, collaboration. A place where everyone wants to be and to celebrate having that place. Southside evansville improved overall, including all the neighborhoods that surround it.
- Bike lane on the bridge, twin bridges or railroad bridge. Community incubator or accelerator programs that feed into global starter programs. Community wide diversity inclusion and equity strategies. Diversity in our local and regional leadership. Healthy communities. Specifically to henderson, a thriving East end.
- Wellness co-op centers, holistic approaches. Increase green space. Muti-generational connections and activities to grieve end of life and aging, or uncomfortable things we avoid. Hospice house supported by the community where you don't need insurance or funding to end your life peacefully. Grief support. Health and weallness approach that is not medical. More local grown produce combatting food deserts. Work with criminal justice system to incorporate programs for health and grief education and support. More mental health support and education or certification programs. Increasing entertainment on the river where you can utilize a river boat to get to different areas for entertainment along the river.
- Occupied retail spaces. More parks and gyms. Make-your-spaces, places where kids can use hands on learning, and schools. Renewable energies. Diversity in leadership education in schools. Opportunities for low income students. Diverse leadership in the city and community. Youth involvement with county operations, to encourage movement back into the county. More housing to resolve housing crisis. Drug use reduction.
Group 2 Visions
- People cheering on team EVV
- People crossing the river on a zip line
- The plane represents its pointing toward the airport. Come and go from the airport.
- The team EVV is happening in KY, other counties, but being team EVV unites everyone. US celebrating and US what's to come.
- Clean water in the river
- Museum celebrating historical US-ness. Lily King's gold medals. Some sports related. Other things people have accomplished.
- Underground railroad honored in the museum
- Southwest Indiana High. A place wehre people can come and get education that fits them. Whatever they are interested in. They can learn solar panels, garden, career exploration, people with lived experiences can mentor the students. School is not school but school is learning life. They can make something that serves everyone. It's no more us vs them.
- School doesn't just have to be kids. It can be adults. It's for everyone. Everyone can go and learn. Second building is for career exploration.
- Wanting wealth and money. Money growing on trees and producing more money. The money leads to home ownership and car ownership. The rainbow represents the spirituality. God is watching over us.
- The people represent families and friends. It's more about family, and friends, and spiritual things than about money and wealth.
- It started out being about money but then it became love, empathy, and people being together. The sun and the rainbow represents happiness.
- Swimming pool represents the wealth.
- We need to leave behind debt and financial crisis. We are going to have debt but we need to leave behind financial crisis.
- space for youth to be safe, have fun, learn, volunteer, support each other
- housing and medical care and less violent politics, people are employed where they enjoy working
Group 3 Visions
- generalized transportation for all–SWIN-KY Hyperloop that delivers you anywhere in region within minutes
- revitalization of manufacturing in area (Berry a 3D printing company, Toyota adding robotic productions)
- more community activities, better networking that leads to better networks that allows change to occur; knowledge centers like library but actually holding events of financial advice, parenthood, that connect you where you need to go
- makerspace for children or adults to tinker for free
- reimagining how you should be involved with the community; youth inclusion fo regional projects & initiatives on boards, etc; equal education for all school districts; civic education & engagement; mental health resources free and available to students; realistic sexual education; 24/7 youth community center; voting information; digestable local news information
- Hubs of interconnectivity, activity, live-work-play opportunities where entrepeneurs can thrive, people have family-centric affordable housing options fueled by affordable mass transit and renewable energy resourcs in every inner-city neighborhoods in all areas of our region
Group 4 Visions
- green infrastructure put on top of existing public buildings–green roofing (succulent roof)–helps with flooding; ocean trash cans that collect solids in our river
- good public transportation
- efficient recyling programs
- long-term learning centers
- outdoor classroom–learning moments everywhere
- locally grown healthy foods
- affordable & accessible healthy choices & activities–free bikes
- clean water & air, renewable energy
- pair of eyes with lenses in hopes of people seeing through other lenses
- financial literacy program for HS students in Evansville
- book for equal education
- alternatives to jails and incarceration
- goals would be to get people out of jail and into treatment
- breaking the cycle of re-offending
- reevaluate how much emphasis on incarceration and shifting resources to treat substance abuse and mental health
- autism – disability school currently not all schools have special ed, and none have therapists on site – there isn't transportation to schools that do have special ed.
- all therapists and assistance housed in the same place
- access to all services in one school
- better pay for therapists
- security trained in how to handle special needs students


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online memory), as much as possible should be on-wiki. Moreover, some organizations prefer to write rather than speak.
Staff, mentoring and capacity buildingEdit
- How should the movement assess the high overhead and fixed costs of Wikimedia organizations in the FDC process?
- The most important issue is impact and effectiveness: staff is not just administrative, they contribute to programmatic work, but the assessment should be on how much value the organization (with its staff and other fixed costs) is contributing to the movement. Right now, we don't know if the cost of implementation of programs and the growth of organizations has enough value-add.
- Mentoring is something that needs to happen, but need to be careful of the scope creep of the FDC and see who should be responsible - WMF staff, AffCom, others.
FDC complaints and appeals processEdit
- The Ombudsperson system is working well for complaints on process. The appeals process, on the other hand, should be clarified and used strictly for extreme situations. There was no consensus regarding keeping this process or eliminating it.
- Suggest that the Board lays out criteria that make it clearer when appeals can result in overturning an FDC recommendation.
- Suggest that the appeals process is eliminated altogether. In the current process, "Appeal" means "I want to have the decision reopened." "Complaint" is "I think there is a procedural problem that the organization needs to address in the future." An appeals process sends a signal to the FDC that you don't entirely trust their process.
- Make formal complaint process to the ombudsperson, who can then decide whether to bring it as an appeal to the Board.
- Perhaps clarify that the appeals should be limited to suspicion of bias, rather than not liking a decision.
- Original goal behind the appeals process was to allow for accountability.
- Clarify the point of appeals and the criteria.
Diversification of FundsEdit
- Consider developing metrics to measure / quantify in-kind donations (such as space, materials etc), we know that they are an important resource to organizations and is not yet assessed.
- Organizational staffing should not necessarily be required for fundraising.
- A study could be undertaken by Wikimedia organizations to determine the average fees for membership based organizations in their context to use as a benchmark for their own fees.
- Additional guidelines may be needed on the use of our community's trademark in local fundraising.
Simplified renewal or continuing fundingEdit
- For small funding requests, 100% funding should be commonly expected in cases of approval.
- Some guidelines for multi-year/renewal funding:.
- Continuation of annual plan process, but with conditionality based on performance at the half way mark.
- Multi-year funding should not be project based, though annual plans can be adjusted to reflect projects with different time horizons.
- Reduce the amount of work for both applicants and the FDC, but continue to maintain accountability and impact measures.
- Limit renewals to two year processes, not more.
- Conduct pilot with existing grantees.
Metrics and evaluationEdit
- One key metric that we, as a movement, should tackle is way to measure the offline activities and their online impact. This could be done through the use of anonymised aggregated geolocalised data.
- Suitable metrics should include key performance indicators (KPI), and address both quantitative as well as qualitative impact, and online and offline work.
- The Board might periodically suggest a strategic priority or goal that FDC applicants primarily focus on with WMF funds, even as they have organizational flexibility to cover a range of issues and strategies.
WMF as part of the FDC processEdit
- One option is to simply continue this process.
- The value of the FDC's output relative to the proportion of time and effort required of FDC's committed volunteers is controversial. One estimate is that the FDC spent nearly half of its face-to-face meeting time in the past round reviewing the WMF proposal, a significant commitment. Those volunteer hours might be better focused on reviewing annual plan proposals.
- Alternately, the Executive Director could consider establishing a different process for receiving public review and feedback of the WMF proposal. We invite the Executive Director to be creative in coming up with ways that not only allow for a review of the annual plan, but an active involvement of the community while trying to minimize organizational overhead on the WMF.
- Suggest having an open, public evaluation of the WMF proposal, conducted by a neutral organization. There are consultants who can do this, however, it can be an expensive (resources, time from WMF staff for orientation) process and the movement will have to be aware of this cost.
- Can have this as an impact evaluation, rather than a review of the annual plan. For e.g. what is KPMG's evaluation of our grantmaking strategy after a year?
- Wish that the FDC would be willing to review the WMF proposal without a dollar amount: their feedback was really good.
- The FDC does a good job of synthesizing information, but misses important information if not supported by the CFO.
- The value of an evaluation like FDC's is very different from the value of a review of the operations of WMF. An operations' review does not need to be a community review: the community could be involved in the process. Perhaps the WMF's annual plan can have two forms of review:
- once as a general review by professionals;
- secondly in terms of implementation, with suggestions by the FDC.
- Impact analyses can be conducted in different ways around grantmaking and engineering.
- Strategic evaluation is most important: is the foundation achieving on its commitments, and does the community think these are good ideas.
- We should work with partner organizations other than Wikimedia organizations.
- We should build capacity for diverse organizations to be included.
- Capacity building should be provided to increase the diversity of skills of FDC members.
- It is important to be careful not to expect too much from the FDC; they should be focused on funds dissemination and not about every issue within our movement.


LOBO SuperTRAQ (Product Review)
The Tesoro LOBO SuperTRAQ metal detector works very well.
Make sure your batteries are fully charged before you use it or else it is absolutely useless. They say the batteries can last 18 hours, but out in the field it was more like 10 hours.
It cannot find smaller nuggets (under half gram) in highly mineralized ground because its a VLF. However, all VLF's have this limitation in ground with a lot of iron content. Its synonymous with your cell phone signal being cut off in a concrete building or tunnel. The iron in the ground is like a barrier to the search coil. So its best to use this detector where there is considerably less minerals in the ground.
I use this detector for finding gold when I'm out in the Arizona mountains.
Ground balancing is simple. Just jiggle it up and down above the ground until the beeping sound is lowered.
When finding targets I hear two different sounds.
1) Single soft beep
If you place the coil directly on a hot rock and pull upwards, you will hear a soft beep, but more like a whine. When going towards the hot rock it will not make any beep.
2) Single loud beep
This indicates metals like trash or gold.
Unfortunately, there is no way to tell the difference between gold and another metal which means you just need to dig all your targets.
Sometimes it randomly beeps twice over gold, iron or steel and then it goes back to a single beep. Not sure what that means, but I suppose its caused by the double coil.
In conclusion,
If there was a way of distinguishing different metals by auditory means, then I would be happier.
I compared this to a Whites GMT. The GMT has an electronic meter that shows the probability of iron. However, it did not appear to emit any distinctive audio sounds for metals.
The Lobo is good instrument for detecting gold as long as the gold is closer to the surface. The bigger the nugget the better. A half gram can be detected downwards of about 2 inches in heavily mineralized soil. With less mineralization, it will go much deeper.
I said earlier that this is the secondary tool in our arsenal of detectors. Our favorite is the Whites TDI. We use the TDI to search for targets, then use the Lobo to help pinpoint it. You can read our review of the Whites TDI on our site. We have much luck with this approach.
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In How fast is bit packing?, we saw how to store non-negative integers smaller than 2N using N bits per integer by a technique called bit packing. A careful C++ bit packing implementation is fast: e.g., over 1 billion integers per second.
However, before you pack the integers, you might need to scan them to determine the number of bits needed (N). Unfortunately, it is a relatively expensive process.
Given a positive integer x, we seek the smallest integer N such that the integer x is less than 2N. The value N is often called the integer logarithm of x.
There are several clever techniques to compute the integer logarithm using portable C code. Yet you can do better using processor-specific instructions. The GNU GCC compiler makes this easy with a special function that counts the number of leading zeros for 32-bit integers (__builtin_clz). Even so, it is relatively slow.
Thankfully, you can avoid computing the integer logarithm of each integer by a simple test involving a right shift:
b = integer_logarithm(x);
With proper loop unrolling, this is nearly as fast as bit packing.
Update: Preston Bannister correctly points out that you can do much better. Simply compute the logical or between all integers and then compute the integer logarithm of the result. It is much, much faster.
To experiment with this problem, I wrote a small program which finds the maximum integer logarithm of a large array of random integers. It then packs the integers using this logarithm.
- I find that I can pack between 1 billion and 2 billions integers per second.
- I compute the maximum integer logarithm at a rate of 3 billion integers per second.
When plotting the speeds as functions of the actual maximum integer logarithm, we see that the computation of the logarithm is not sensitive to the value of the actual logarithm, except for the approach based on the __builtin_clz function which is slower when the logarithm is less than 8.
In my tests, I used the GNU GCC 4.6.2 compiler on an Intel core i7 processor. My code is freely available.
Conclusion When packing an array of integers, finding the maximum logarithm can take anywhere from 1/4 to 1/3 of the running time. However, brute force techniques that compute the integer logarithm of every integer are much slower.


Missing Pictures in Samsung Galaxy S3 Gallery
If you have noticed that some folders or pictures in your Samsung Galaxy S3 gallery are missing, you might have just accidentally hidden or deleted them. It is also possible that it is an effect of a glitch in your system or app.
A. Restart The Phone
Most of the time, the system of the phone just needs to be refreshed after a long use. So, do a simple restart first.
B. Check Hidden Files
There are also times when you have just accidentally hidden the folders of the Galaxy S3 gallery or this may be caused by someone who gained access to your Galaxy S3 without your knowledge like your child. So, check if the missing photos or folders that you are looking for in your Galaxy S3 gallery are just hidden by performing the steps below:
1. Open the My Files app which is located in the Home screen.
2. Press the Menu key and go to Settings.
3. Check the box that will show the hidden files of your phone.
4. If you want to remove the status of the file as hidden, just remove the quotes (the " and " symbols) before and after its file name.
C. Retrieve Missing Photos Using Third-Party Apps
There are apps that will enable you to retieve your missing files such as photos, text messages and contacts. One of the popular software being used by several Android owners is Dr. Fone. Click this link to our previous article for a detailed guide on how to use it for retrieving the deleted photos in the Galaxy S3 gallery or other lost data in your device.
Please be reminded though that we are not promoting Dr. Fone or connected in any way to its developers. We are only featuring this to illustrate that this particular problem with the Galaxy S3 gallery can be fixed using a third-party party tool.
Email Us
If you have questions about Android devices or you want to add something to the solutions discussed in this article, feel free to share to us your thoughts through [email protected]


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How to send data from device to AWS IoT
Hello People. This article discusses about how to send data from device to AWS IoT. We should send data securely from Arduino to AWS IoT core using MQTT protocol and then we can do many things. For example, hook lambda function with data and save it to DynamoDB or S3.
Arduino with ESP8266 or ESP32, Arduino IDE, A Computer(PC) and a Cable between PC and Arduino, AWS account. Even if you don't have arduino device, you can imitate Arduino request in AWS IoT.
Create a device certificate
You need to create a certificate to each device for security. Without certificates, attackers can send tons of requests to your AWS IoT core. You can create a certificate in AWS console. Go to AWS console and search IoT core. IoT core page. Go to Secure > Certificates tab. Please click Create button at the top right and proceed to One-click certificate creation.
After that, you need to do these things. To use device certificate and private key, please download
private.key . Click Activate button. Attach policy to allow device to write and read IoT services.
Policy name can be anything. For Action, because all IoT actions should be allowed, please type
iot* . And those actions should be allowed to all resources. That's why we type Resouce ARN is
After creating a certificate and policy, please go to Secure > Certificates tab again. You can see what you have created. But your policy is not attached to the certificate yet. So attach the policy.
Create a sketch
To connect Arduino and AWS IoT core using MQTT, you should use
pubsubclient . If you know Arduino well, you can create your own sketch. But there are boiler plates for pubsubclient. Almost all configuration of
pubsubclient and WiFi is available on boiler plates. Please choose a proper boilerplate and copy and paste it to your sketch.
However you must change some things in the boiler plate. They are
SSID and password of WiFi is simple. You just type your WiFi configuration.
awsEndpoint is a AWS IoT core endpoint. You can check it in AWS console. Please go to IoT core > Settings. You can copy and paste the Endpoint. Because endpoint prefix is account specific, it's hidden below. If you have aws cli, you can type
$ aws iot describe-endpoint .
Now coming to
private_pem_key . You have already downloaded them from AWS IoT core page. You must use your own device certificate and private key.
So please upload the sketch to your Arduino and run it. After running it, you open a serial monitor. Data sending has started. You send
outTopic is a topic name in AWS IoT core. If you change
msg.c_str() to json, you can send json data.
Check data you sent
Go back to AWS IoT core. In the Monitor tab, you can find successful connections. Go to Test tab. Because you publish data from Arduino, AWS IoT core must subscribe it. Please type
outTopic to Subscription topic. It's the name of topic you used. And if you click Subscribe button. You can see the results.
Hope this article on How to send data from device to AWS IoT is useful to you. Please read Node Red with AWS IOT


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Fluke 177 EGFID
|Measurement category||CAT IV 600 V||CAT IV 600 V||CAT III 600 V||CAT III 600 V||CAT III 600 V|
|Measuring range volt direct current (DC)||1000 V||1000 V||600 V||600 V||600 V|
|Measuring range volts alternating current (AC)||1000 V||1000 V||600 V||600 V||600 V|
The Fluke 177 EGFID is the device you're looking for if you need a multimeter with all functions to accurately perform electrical and electromechanical work. This model has adjustable backlight. You can also investigate heating or ventilation problems with the easily readable multimeter with the data hold function. This allows you to read your measured values, even after you've broken the connection between your measuring needles and the material you were measuring. The Fluke 177 EGFID is suitable for checking resistance, throughput, and diodes, for example. You can use the filter mode to straighten very unstable signals. This way, you can be sure that you're working with accurate values.


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View your list of saved words. (You can log in using Facebook.)
About Our Definitions: All forms of a word (noun, verb, etc.) are now displayed on one page.
Definition of POLICE STATE
: a political unit characterized by repressive governmental control of political, economic, and social life usually by an arbitrary exercise of power by police and especially secret police in place of regular operation of administrative and judicial organs of the government according to publicly known legal procedures


@Article{JPDE-1-77, author = {}, title = {The Uniqueness of Viscosity Solutions of the Second Order Fully Nonlinear Elliptic Equations}, journal = {Journal of Partial Differential Equations}, year = {1988}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {77--84}, abstract = { Recently R. Jensen [1] has proved the uniqueness of viscosity solutions in W^{1,∞} of second order fully nonlinear elliptic equation F (D², Du, u) = 0. He does not assume F to be convex. In this paper we extend his result [1] to the case that F can be dependent on x, i. e. prove that the viscosity solutions in W^{1,∞} of the second order fully nonlinear elliptic equation F (D²u, Du, u, x) = 0 are unlique. We do not assume F to be convex either.}, issn = {2079-732X}, doi = {_URL_ url = {_URL_ }


results Plasma N-terminal connective tissue growth factor was determined in 61 children, including 41 children with heart failure, 20 children without heart failure, and 30 healthy volunteers. The correlations between plasma N-terminal connective tissue growth factor levels and clinical parameters were investigated. Moreover, the diagnostic value of N-terminal connective tissue growth factor levels was evaluated. Compared with healthy volunteers and children without heart failure, plasma N-terminal connective tissue growth factor levels were significantly elevated in those with heart failure (p0.05), but it obviously improved the ability of diagnosing heart failure in children, as demonstrated by the integrated discrimination improvement (6.2%, p=0.013) and net re-classification improvement (13.2%, p=0.017) indices. Plasma N-terminal connective tissue growth factor is a promising diagnostic biomarker for heart failure in children.
 3. Structural plasticity of the N-terminal capping helix of the TPR domain of kinesin light chain.
 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
 The Quyen Nguyen
 Full Text Available Kinesin1 plays a major role in neuronal transport by recruiting many different cargos through its kinesin light chain (KLC. Various structurally unrelated cargos interact with the conserved tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR domain of KLC. The N-terminal capping helix of the TPR domain exhibits an atypical sequence and structural features that may contribute to the versatility of the TPR domain to bind different cargos. We determined crystal structures of the TPR domain of both KLC1 and KLC2 encompassing the N-terminal capping helix and show that this helix exhibits two distinct and defined orientations relative to the rest of the TPR domain. Such a difference in orientation gives rise, at the N-terminal part of the groove, to the formation of one hydrophobic pocket, as well as to electrostatic variations at the groove surface. We present a comprehensive structural analysis of available KLC1/2-TPR domain structures that highlights that ligand binding into the groove can be specific of one or the other N-terminal capping helix orientations. Further, structural analysis reveals that the N-terminal capping helix is always involved in crystal packing contacts, especially in a TPR1:TPR1' contact which highlights its propensity to be a protein-protein interaction site. Together, these results underline that the structural plasticity of the N-terminal capping helix might represent a structural determinant for TPR domain structural versatility in cargo binding.
 4. The AAA+ ATPase TRIP13 remodels HORMA domains through N-terminal engagement and unfolding
 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
 Ye, Qiaozhen; Kim, Dong Hyun; Dereli, Ihsan; Rosenberg, Scott C.; Hagemann, Goetz; Herzog, Franz; Tóth, Attila; Cleveland, Don W.; Corbett, Kevin D.
 2017-06-28
 Proteins of the conserved HORMA domain family, including the spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2 and the meiotic HORMADs, assemble into signaling complexes by binding short peptides termed "closure motifs". The AAA+ ATPase TRIP13 regulates both MAD2 and meiotic HORMADs by disassembling these HORMA domain–closure motif complexes, but its mechanisms of substrate recognition and remodeling are unknown. Here, we combine X-ray crystallography and crosslinking mass spectrometry to outline how TRIP13 recognizes MAD2 with the help of the adapter protein p31comet. We show that p31comet binding to the TRIP13 N-terminal domain positions the disordered MAD2 N-terminus for engagement by the TRIP13 "pore loops", which then unfold MAD2 in the presence of ATP. N-terminal truncation of MAD2 renders it refractory to TRIP13 action in vitro, and in cells causes spindle assembly checkpoint defects consistent with loss of TRIP13 function. Similar truncation of HORMAD1 in mouse spermatocytes compromises its TRIP13-mediated removal from meiotic chromosomes, highlighting a conserved mechanism for recognition and disassembly of HORMA domain–closure motif complexes by TRIP13.
 5. Structure of a tropomyosin N-terminal fragment at 0.98 Å resolution
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Meshcheryakov, Vladimir A.; Krieger, Inna; Kostyukova, Alla S.; Samatey, Fadel A.
 2011-01-01
 The crystal structure of the N-terminal fragment of the short nonmuscle α-tropomyosin has been determined at a resolution of 0.98 Å. Tropomyosin (TM) is an elongated two-chain protein that binds along actin filaments. Important binding sites are localized in the N-terminus of tropomyosin. The structure of the N-terminus of the long muscle α-TM has been solved by both NMR and X-ray crystallography. Only the NMR structure of the N-terminus of the short nonmuscle α-TM is available. Here, the crystal structure of the N-terminus of the short nonmuscle α-TM (αTm1bZip) at a resolution of 0.98 Å is reported, which was solved from crystals belonging to space group P3 1 with unit-cell parameters a = b = 33.00, c = 52.03 Å, α = β = 90, γ = 120°. The first five N-terminal residues are flexible and residues 6–35 form an α-helical coiled coil. The overall fold and the secondary structure of the crystal structure of αTM1bZip are highly similar to the NMR structure and the atomic coordinates of the corresponding C α atoms between the two structures superimpose with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.60 Å. The crystal structure validates the NMR structure, with the positions of the side chains being determined precisely in our structure
 6. Directed evolution of the TALE N-terminal domain for recognition of all 5′ bases
 Science.gov (United States)
 Lamb, Brian M.; Mercer, Andrew C.; Barbas, Carlos F.
 2013-01-01
 Transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins can be designed to bind virtually any DNA sequence. General guidelines for design of TALE DNA-binding domains suggest that the 5′-most base of the DNA sequence bound by the TALE (the N0 base) should be a thymine. We quantified the N0 requirement by analysis of the activities of TALE transcription factors (TALE-TF), TALE recombinases (TALE-R) and TALE nucleases (TALENs) with each DNA base at this position. In the absence of a 5′ T, we observed decreases in TALE activity up to >1000-fold in TALE-TF activity, up to 100-fold in TALE-R activity and up to 10-fold reduction in TALEN activity compared with target sequences containing a 5′ T. To develop TALE architectures that recognize all possible N0 bases, we used structure-guided library design coupled with TALE-R activity selections to evolve novel TALE N-terminal domains to accommodate any N0 base. A G-selective domain and broadly reactive domains were isolated and characterized. The engineered TALE domains selected in the TALE-R format demonstrated modularity and were active in TALE-TF and TALEN architectures. Evolved N-terminal domains provide effective and unconstrained TALE-based targeting of any DNA sequence as TALE binding proteins and designer enzymes. PMID:23980031
 7. Directed evolution of the TALE N-terminal domain for recognition of all 5' bases.
 Science.gov (United States)
 Lamb, Brian M; Mercer, Andrew C; Barbas, Carlos F
 2013-11-01
 Transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins can be designed to bind virtually any DNA sequence. General guidelines for design of TALE DNA-binding domains suggest that the 5'-most base of the DNA sequence bound by the TALE (the N0 base) should be a thymine. We quantified the N0 requirement by analysis of the activities of TALE transcription factors (TALE-TF), TALE recombinases (TALE-R) and TALE nucleases (TALENs) with each DNA base at this position. In the absence of a 5' T, we observed decreases in TALE activity up to >1000-fold in TALE-TF activity, up to 100-fold in TALE-R activity and up to 10-fold reduction in TALEN activity compared with target sequences containing a 5' T. To develop TALE architectures that recognize all possible N0 bases, we used structure-guided library design coupled with TALE-R activity selections to evolve novel TALE N-terminal domains to accommodate any N0 base. A G-selective domain and broadly reactive domains were isolated and characterized. The engineered TALE domains selected in the TALE-R format demonstrated modularity and were active in TALE-TF and TALEN architectures. Evolved N-terminal domains provide effective and unconstrained TALE-based targeting of any DNA sequence as TALE binding proteins and designer enzymes.
 8. Isolation and N-terminal sequencing of a novel cadmium-binding protein from Boletus edulis
 Science.gov (United States)
 Collin-Hansen, C.; Andersen, R. A.; Steinnes, E.
 2003-05-01
 A Cd-binding protein was isolated from