Stimulus Control: Discrimination And Generalization
Alright, so now that we've gone over reinforcement, punishment, shaping, and extinction, we can move onto the next step in our behavior journey: Stimulus Control and Discrimination.
Remember back in reinforcement, we talked about how behaviors are usually controlled by the consequences of what happened to them. If something the subject likes happens, then the behavior is more likely to happen again (reinforcement). In comparison, if something the subject doesn't like occurs, then the behavior is less likely to happen (punishment).
Stimulus Control is the idea that a behavior will occur in the presence of one stimulus, but the behavior will not occur in the presence of another stimulus. Compared to what we talked about earlier, stimulus control works with what happens before the behavior – what we're going to call antecedents. These antecedents help our subjects figure out if they're going to get reinforced or not.
Discrimination is just knowing when the presence of a stimulus will result in reinforcement and when it will not. Before you think it, no this has nothing to do with any forms of discrimination in society. Discrimination in this context is taken as just figuring out which stimuli will give you a reinforcer. I also lightly touched on discrimination in my video games and violence article, but we're going to take a closer look at how discrimination works.
Generalization is the opposite of discrimination. It's when your subject takes a behavior and applies to more situations than the training one.
Everyday Example
Stimulus control is like creating a traffic light for behavior
Before I get to an animal-specific example, let's take a look at a situation where you'd see this in everyday life.
Let's say you were put behind the wheel of a car and also completely forgot how traffic lights work. Your job is to drive from wherever you are back to your home. On your wondrous journey, you come across a traffic light. The traffic light is already showing a green light. Not knowing what that is, and wondering why an odd Christmas light would be shining in your face, you continue to press the gas and keep going on your merry way. In this case, getting the car closer toward your destination would be the reinforcer (or at least, not being intruded by anything).
However, let's say while you were on your merry way, you reach another traffic light. But this time, the light is red. If you press the gas now, oncoming traffic can honk, hit, maim, or wreck you for moving into their way. In fact, the honking part is exactly what happens. All of these factors would be punishing your behavior of pressing the gas pedal.
"But hold on" you would say. "Just a second ago, pressing the gas was okay, why is it wrong now?"
The answer here is that the antecedents of the lights were telling you when pressing the gas would be reinforcing and when pressing the brakes would be reinforcing.
This is exactly how stimulus control works. One antecedent would mean that you're going to receive a reinforcer at the end of it, while another antecedent would mean you're about to get punished, or nothing will happen.
For animals and animal training, this concept is even more important.
Animals and Stimulus Control
Dogs greatly benefit from good stimulus control. Training them with stimulus control in mind will help them know what and when you want a behavior.
Every time you're giving a command or a hand signal to an animal, you're practicing stimulus control.
In fact, as trainers, there's a reason why we do these strange little hand signals or add vocal commands. Yes, it helps us communicate what we want to the animal, and the animal knows "oh damn, if I do this behavior now I'm going to get a treat!" But what's more important is that we're also telling the animal when we're not doing the hand signal or command, that they will not get any reinforcers.
Let's say I've taught a dog how to sit already and gave him the hand signal associated with sitting. That hand signal works in the same way as the green light in our earlier example – if the dog sits then they know everything is all good, and in fact, the dog will get exactly what they want out of it (a treat).
However, if you've owned a dog before and you just taught a new trick to your dog then you know what happens next: they start doing that trick all. the. time.
Were you going to go to the kitchen? Well, first you have to see me sit. See? Look I'm sitting. Give me the food. Oh, you're going to the bathroom? Cool cool, but watch me sit on your feet. See? Sitting. Now give me the treat.
This is where your dog has generalized the idea that sitting will always get him a treat. The world is his antecedent, and he'll be damned if he doesn't get his treat. What we need to teach here is discrimination – meaning, the times where it's okay to sit and times where it's not okay to sit. This is where antecedents become useful.
Look! Sitting. One treat plz!
If your dog is driving you crazy with out-of-place behaviors cause they want a treat from you, then you have to start pairing behaviors with antecedents. When you're doing a training session with your dog, say "sit." Ideally you say this before your dog sits or even as your dog is sitting. You should click and reinforce during this time. Have your dog get into another position where they aren't sitting (you can walk away so they follow or you can have them do another trick), but after that, say sit and reinforce for doing that behavior. While you're doing this, make sure you never give a treat unless you said sit first, and your dog sits. If your dog is expecting what you're going to say and does the behavior before you say or give an antecedent, then do not give them a treat (timing can be a bit fuzzy here, but usually you don't want to give a reinforcer until you say sit first).
What's important here is that you're teaching your dog that the only time they will get a treat for sitting is if you either say "sit" or give them a hand signal. Barking and bathroom problems can also be solved with this technique. For some dogs, teaching them when a bark will result in a pet and a compliment or just a treat can help curb barking problems.
Alternatively, I've used the idea of Stimulus Control to potty train dogs. The way it works is to say the command you wish to use for bathroom ("potty", "bathroom time", whatever works for you) every time your dog is, well, doing their business. If you've done this enough times, your dog will start to associate the word you've used with the act of going to the bathroom and will understand what you want. As a result, the command you've created can now be used as an antecedent to when it is okay for your dog to go to the bathroom.
How to Read this in SCIENCE
Reading scientific studies can seem exhausting, but it's not as bad as you think!
If you're going to be proactive about learning behavior science, then it would be good for you to know what a discriminative stimulus is.
A discriminative stimulus is the antecedent stimulus that means the subject will be reinforced when it is present. In understandable terms, it means when you do or show this thing, your subject is going to get what they like. For example, you say "sit" and your dog sits, then you give them a treat. In this situation, since you reinforced the behavior of sitting, saying "sit" is the discriminative stimulus.
In scientific literature, a discriminative stimulus will be abbreviated as SD
The opposite of the SD will be the S𝛥 (or Delta). This means it is a stimulus that is not being reinforced. In that same example, if you say "potato" and your dog sits, you won't give him a treat. In this case, since you didn't reinforce sitting after the word "potato", the word "potato" is an S𝛥.
Scientific experiments will also use the symbols SR and SP. SR means a reinforcing stimulus, while SP means a punishing stimulus. Usually, you'll see it in behavior chains that can look like this:
SD -> R -> SR
R just means the response.
So that chain would mean the subject was shown a discriminative stimulus (like a hand signal for "sit"). They then gave a response (like sitting), followed by a reinforcing stimulus (a treat).
If we head back to the traffic light example, the green light would be the SD, the R would be continuing to hold the gas pedal, and the SR would be going along on your journey unimpeded.
Final Thoughts
Stimulus control is the difference between your dog running around barking non-stop because you taught him how to speak, and your dog sitting patiently waiting for your signal to bark.
While it sounds complicated at first, it's just like the rest of dog training and Operant Conditioning – the more you practice at it, the better you'll get. A lot of stimulus control is going to revolve around you keeping an eye on what your subject is doing and how to make sure you control the antecedents that go before a behavior. Once you start pairing behaviors with antecedents, then you'll find it will be easier and easier to communicate with your dog.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Suppose we have polynomials over $GF (2^8)$.
$a(x) = x^8$.
A textbook says that.
$x^8 \bmod m(x) = [m(x) - x^8]=(x^4+x^3+x+1)$
So I would like to understand, how do we reach this answer?
It's unclear to me how we perform division here when $m(x) > a(x)$. All the examples in the book show division or finding $a(x) \bmod m(x)$ when $m(x) < a(x)$.
If I understand the comments correctly, $x^8+x^8 = x^8-x^8=0 $ since this is GF$(2)$. So then $ -x^8 + -(x^4+x^3+x^1+1) = -m(x) $, so if $r(x) =(x^4+x^3+x^1+1)$, then $a(x)-r(x) \equiv 0 \bmod m(x)$. Do I have this correct?
share|improve this question
In your case, the field has characteristic $2$, so $- x^8 = x^8$. By definition, $a(x) = b(x) \text{ mod } m(x)$ iff $m(x)$ divides $a(x) - b(x)$. Do you see it now? – Isomorphism Dec 14 '12 at 5:18
You reach that answer with $x^8=-x^8$ and $p(x)=p(x)\pm m(x)$ for all polynomials $p$. When $m>a$, there is nothing to do, just as if you were dividing with integers. – anon Dec 14 '12 at 5:19
_USER_ I think your answer makes the most sense, and I updated my question if you could take a look. – T. Webster Dec 14 '12 at 8:12
Yes. The reasoning in your edit is correct :) – Isomorphism Dec 14 '12 at 8:19
The problem is perhaps with your interpretation of $>$. With polynomials you should think of the degree of a polynomial as a measure of its "size". So you look for a remainder of as small a degree as possible. It is always possible to find a (unique) remainder that has lower degree than the divisor. Here the divisor has degree 8, so a degree 8 remainder will not do. You have to get rid of the degree eight term. IOW two polynomials of degree 8 are not comparable in the sense that you could declare one being "larger" than the other. – Jyrki Lahtonen Dec 14 '12 at 8:19
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Another way to think of it is that you're trying to figure out what happens to $a(x)$ inside $k[x]/\langle m(x) \rangle$, where $k=GF(2^8)$. In other words, when you take your polynomial $a(x)\in k[x]$ and send it over to the quotient $k[x]/\langle m(x) \rangle$, you're living in a word where $$x^8+x^4+x^3+x+1=0,$$ so if that $a(x)$ happens to be $x^8$, figuring out the image is easy: $$x^8=-\left(x^4+x^3+x+1\right),$$ which in this case is equivalent to $$x^8=x^4+x^3+x+1$$ since we're in a binary field.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
A New Possible Way of Anthracycline Cytostatics Decontamination
The widespread use of cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of cancer has led to production of large amounts of contaminated wastes with high exposure risk of medical staff handling cytostatics. For this reason is essential to use for decontamination process highly effective and fast decontamination agent. Currently used decontamination agents based on NaOCl and NaOH according our results and also literature data are not sufficient enough. Therefore we develop a new decontamination agent based an titania nanoparticules, which seems to be very a efficient and fast decotamination agent according our research data. Anthracycline antibiotics are valuable and frequently used drugs in various chemotherapeutic schemes. They have high efficacy, but also high toxicity, e.g. myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity. They can also act as vesicants in the case of extravasation. Due to their mechanism of action, they have a mutagenic and cancerogenic effects. Long term contact, even with the trace amount, can cause changes in the human health. Safe decontamination of cytotoxic drug contaminated area with an agent, which can cause degradation to non-toxic products, is essential. High sorption ability of doxorubicin and epirubicin to titania predisposes TiO2 become a new, effective and inexpensive agent for area decontamination and degradation of anthracycline antibiotics.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Essay on importance of computer for kids
In a nutshell, a high standard of professionalism will benefit both healthcare providers as well as patients in the long run and it allows healthcare providers to experience a development in self-confidence together with reliability from patients, co-workers as well as most of appreciation from others (Gage, 2007). Professionalism is a fulfillment for all patients, no matter young or old. It also behooves healthcare providers to serve in a proficient manner at all times because it creates a positive effect on every single individuals involved in any circumstances. In other words, professionalism denominate the entire healthcare practices in aspects like communication and decision making by implementing the value itself onto the healthcare providers. Thus, it is essential for healthcare provider to be versatile and not to underestimate any one aspect of professionalism.
Essay on importance of computer for kids
essay on importance of computer for kids
Media:
essay on importance of computer for kidsessay on importance of computer for kidsessay on importance of computer for kidsessay on importance of computer for kids
_URL_


text:
Tata teams up with Aussies for India's first floating solar plant
The pilot project, which is due to start operations by the end of the year, is based on a Sunengy patented Liquid Solar Array (LSA) technology which uses traditional concentrated photovoltaic technology - a lens and a small area of solar cells that tracks the sun throughout the day, like a sunflower
LSA inventor and Sunengy executive director and chief technology officer, Phil Connor, said that when located on and combined with hydroelectric dams, LSA provides the breakthroughs of reduced cost and "on demand" 24/7 availability that are necessary for solar power to become widely used.
Floating the LSA on water reduces the need for expensive supporting structures to protect it from high winds. The lenses submerge in bad weather and the water also cools the cells which increases their efficiency and life-span.
According to Connor, hydro power supplies 87 percent of the world's renewable energy and 16 percent of the world's power but is limited by its water resource. He said an LSA installation could match the power output of a typical hydro dam using less than 10 percent of its surface area and supply an additional six to eight hours of power per day. Modeling by Sunengy shows that a 240 MW LSA system could increase annual energy generation at the Portuguese hydro plant, Alqueva, by 230 percent.
"LSA effectively turns a dam into a very large battery, offering free solar storage and opportunity for improved water resource management," said Connor. "If India uses just one percent of its 30,000 square kilometers of captured water with our system, we can generate power equivalent to 15 large coal-fired power stations."
Construction of the pilot plant in India will commence in August 2011. Sunengy also plans to establish a larger LSA system in Australia's Hunter Valley by mid-2012 before going into full production.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Digital Taxation Monitor now on our Tax Research Platform (TRP)
We have recently created the Digital Taxation Monitor covering the taxation of digitalized economy. It will initially comprise of 60 country tables regarding current unilateral measures and VAT measures per country. It also covers the supranational discussions and measures adopted by the OECD, EU and UN. It follows-up on the current worldwide debate and possible agreement on the tax treatment of digitalized businesses and it will monitor the implementation per country of an eventual global solution.
In one overview, you can easily compare measures by country, organization or tax type, with detailed comments on the important aspects of (direct and indirect) taxes targeting the digitalized economy. The monitor covers essentials such as taxpayers, taxable base, tax rates, method of collection, registration requirements and other compliance obligations. But it also includes the country context (such as the country position on the global discussion and status of US investigations on the country's digital tax). Links to country and topical analyses, laws and to journal articles provide you with further information on jurisdictions to support your research and business decisions.
The Digital Taxation Monitor supports your research and business decisions by providing the following benefits:
- Comprehensive: helps keeping track of the variety of taxes out there that apply to the digitalized economy!
- Regular updates: get the latest news ensuring you do not miss out on anything that could present an issue in a country you are dealing with.
- Anticipate: helps you to decide on how best to structure your company such as changing the way you do business to keep control or revise your business entity structure.
- Compliance: are countries implementing measures that you need to report?
- Enhance your understanding: what definitions are used and what is the reasoning behind certain digital taxes? Whom might they affect, what are the exceptions and are there intercompany aspects to consider?
- Compare: quick side-by-side comparisons or export functionality enabling you to group countries that have indirect tax obligations or to extract withholding taxation measures across the globe from this and other IBFD tables.
The following examples, based on the Digital Taxation Monitor, helps you understand how each country is moving forward in what concerns the taxation of digitalized economy.
Let's say you are a tax manager at a multinational enterprise with its headquarters in the United States. The enterprise provides digital services and sells goods through online platforms directly to customers in Brazil, France, India, Italy, Japan, Kenya and Mexico. As a tax director, you are aware of the discussions concerning the taxation of the digitalized economy and that some countries have been implementing specific measures and taxes targeting transactions carried out via digital channels. You want to ascertain if this is the case for the countries with which your enterprise maintains online business.
You are particularly interested in having information on the implementation of taxes in your market countries that may affect your enterprise, such as digital service taxes in France and Kenya or the equalization levy in India, new taxable presence risks such as in the case of a significant economic presence in Italy, and special VAT/GST collection mechanisms and compliance obligations for e-commerce, such as the ones in the new EU VAT e-commerce package, effective since 1 July 2021 in EU Member States you maintain online businesses with. You also want to keep track of the developments concerning the US investigations into some digital taxes, the discussions on a global solution and its eventual implementation by your market countries. The Digital Taxation Monitor gives you an overview of the proposed and implemented measures targeting the digitalized economy and the follow-up of the global solution debate and its implementation per country.
For your main concerns with taxation of income or revenue derived by the enterprise from its online business directly with customers in the market countries, Section A of the Digital Taxation Monitor provides you with information on the taxes proposed or implemented in the country, including digital service taxes, withholding taxes, equalization levy or taxation of significant economic presence.
Indirect Tax and other types of taxes
In Section B, you get information on the VAT/GST measures concerning B2B and B2C e-commerce transactions carried out with the market countries of the enterprise, including applicable compliance obligations and registration requirements. If the market country proposed or applies other types of taxes or contributions to digital transactions, such as in the case of digital contributions proposals currently considered in one of your market countries, i.e. Brazil, you will find this under Section C of the table.
The Digital Taxation Monitor gives you the possibility to see the information of different countries side-by-side, through a comparison tool. In this case, you will be able to compare the tax information of your market countries and identify, for example, those with the highest and lowest tax and compliance burden affecting online businesses.
Updates on a global solution
You are interested not only in the tax technical information of the specific taxes, but also in the context and future of the taxation of the digitalized economy in those market countries. The monitor provides you with additional information on the position of the countries in the current discussions on a possible global solution (for example, the latest G7 agreement signed by two of your market countries, i.e. Italy and Japan) as well as the status of US investigations conducted into taxes implemented by some of your market countries (Brazil, India and Italy). You will also be able to follow up the eventual global solution on the matter by checking the information in the Digital Taxation Monitor table for the OECD and how this solution will be implemented by each of your market countries, including the phasing-out of their unilateral measures.
Finally, if you wish to dive deeper, the Digital Taxation Monitor is also interlinked with other collections available on IBFD's Tax Research Platform, such as country tax guides, Tax News Service (TNS) reports, primary source materials and many journal articles.


text:
The myenteric plexus (also known as the Auerbach plexus) (plural: plexuses) refers to a network of nerves between the layers of the muscular propria in the gastrointestinal system. Among other things, the plexus helps regulate peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract.
The plexus is part of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and is partly regulated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X).
Disorders of the myenteric plexus may lead to a number of gastrointestinal motility disorders. Classic examples include achalasia of the esophagus and Hirschsprung disease of the colon which are due at least partly to loss of ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus.


Cookies on this website
Phytomonas spp. (phytomonads) are a diverse and globally distributed group of unicellular eukaryotes that parasitize a wide range of plants and are transmitted by insect hosts. Here we report the discovery and characterisation of a new species of Phytomonas, named Phytomonas oxycareni n. sp., which was obtained from the salivary glands of the invasive species of true bug Oxycarenus lavaterae (Heteroptera). The new Phytomonas species exhibits a long slender promastigote morphology and can be found both within the lumen of the insect host's salivary glands as well as within the cells of the salivary gland itself. Sampling multiple individuals from the same population post-winter hibernation on two consecutive years revealed that infection was persistent over time. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA genes revealed that this species is sister to other species within the genus Phytomonas, providing new insight into the evolutionary history of the clade.
Original publication
Journal article
Publication Date
71 - 79
Kinetoplastid, Phytomonas, intracellular, phylogeny, trypanosomatid., vector, Animals, Heteroptera, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Phylogeny, RNA, Protozoan, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S, Salivary Glands, Trypanosomatina


" = {
 "Name" = "filled";
 "Description" = "Is object filled?";
 };
 ...
Non-scalar object values are also valid. You need to expose the class that is being passed as an argument, and assign the "Type" to this class. One important "gotcha" is that the attribute which takes this object must have a unique Apple Event Code different from the object's class. This is not the case of the "Type" field in One to one and One to many relationships, where the Apple Event Code must be the same as as the class code.
One to Many and One to One Relationships
One to Many relationships allow you to expose lists of items; which are at the core of any data model. Even if you are using dictionaries, you can expose them as One to Many relationships. Sketch's NSDocument subclass, DrawDocument, exposes two types of lists: the actual set of graphics in a document, and subset lists of each type of graphic:
 "DrawDocument" = {
 "Superclass" = "NSCoreSuite.NSDocument";
 "AppleEventCode" = "docu";
 "ToManyRelationships" = {
 "graphics" = {
 "Type" = "Graphic";
 "AppleEventCode" = "grph";
 };
 "rectangles" = {
 "Type" = "Rectangle";
 "AppleEventCode" = "d2rc";
 };
Again, it's very important to note that the Apple Event Code for lists have the exact same code as in the Class definition, for example, a Rectangle's Class code is "d2rc":
 "Rectangle" = {
 "Superclass" = "Graphic";
 "AppleEventCode" = "d2rc";
 };
Besides the usual accessor methods expected by AppleScript, such as setGraphics: and graphics, to many relationships also expect a way to insert an object at any point into the list, based on the pattern:
-(void) insertInXXXX:(<XXXX type> *)anXXXObject atIndex:(int)whereToInsert
So, for example, with graphics, you would implement an additional method beyond your normal accessors for use by script driven insertion:
- (void)insertInGraphics:(Graphic *)graphicToAdd atIndex:(int)whereToInsert;
Good object oriented design practice would probably have you implement this in terms of a the primitive "setGraphics:". In case back pointers or other setup is required, you will not have duplicate code since you "factored" this new method:
- (void)insertInGraphics:(Graphic *)graphicToAdd atIndex:(int)whereToInsert {
 NSMutableArray *a = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:_graphics];
 [a insertObject:graphic atIndex:whereToInsert];
 [self setGraphics:a]; // call the primitive method
}
Additionally, you can also implement these methods for use by scripting:
- (void)addInGraphics:(Graphic *)graphic;
- (void)removeFromGraphicsAtIndex:(unsigned)index;
- (void)replaceInGraphics:(Graphic *)graphic atIndex:(unsigned)index;
See Mike Ferris's implementations of these on line 305 of DrawDocument.m in Sketch.
On OS X Server 1.2 and Developer Preview 3, there is a mild limitation which will go away for OS X premier: you cannot tell a generic Graphic to set an attribute of a subclass, even if that graphic is of the subclass type. Class coercion is coming, but as of this writing, this won't work:
make new image at before graphic 1 with properties {x position:0 y,
position:0, width:100, height:100} — add a new image
set the imagefile of graphic 1 to "/Some/Cool/Image.tiff"
Instead, the second line of apple script needs to be:
set the imagefile of image 1 to "/Some/Cool/Image.tiff"
This is a fairly contrived example because you could have passed in the "imagefile" argument to the properties array, but this explains why the non-existent subset arrays are exposed in DrawDocument's "ToManyRelationships": rectangles, images, circles, lines, and textAreas. Basically, Sketch just grabs those graphics which are of the desired class and returns an array with that subset:
// so Scripting can talk to the images in the document:
- (NSArray *)images {
 return [self graphicsWithClass:[Image class]];
}
// run through our list of graphics and build a list of the subtypes
// on the fly:
- (NSArray *)graphicsWithClass:(Class)theClass {
 NSArray *graphics = [self graphics];
 NSMutableArray *result = [NSMutableArray array];
 unsigned i, c = [graphics count];
 id curGraphic;
 for (i=0; i<c; i++) {
 curGraphic = [graphics objectAtIndex:i];
 if ([curGraphic isKindOfClass:theClass]) {
 [result addObject:curGraphic];
 }
 }
 return result;
}
The NSTextSuite is available for use by Cocoa developers for simple scripting of the Text Object: setting font size, font and color of text. It has a good example of a ToOneRelationShip: the mapping of an NSTextStorage to "text":
 "NSTextStorage" = {
 "ToOneRelationShips" = {
 "text" = {
 "Type" = "NSTextStorage";
 "AppleEventCode" = "ctxt";
 };
 };
This cyclical definition allows you to "setText" and get the "text" of an NSTextStorage object, the core data model behind every NSTextView. Since the Cocoa Text system is designed using the Model-View-Controller pattern, it lends itself to scriptability. You can also see examples of the use of synonyms in the Text Suite and Terminology.
Commander Coding
So far, we've taken advantage of key-value coding and haven't had to add much code. We can create and modify graphics, but in order to add more functionality, we need to add more commands. Since I noticed the "open" command was not working as of this writing, let's create a new command, "openfile" to open an existing Sketch document. There are 4 steps in adding a command: defining the command and its arguments in your Suite, defining which classes support the command, creating a terminology for the command, and actually writing the method which glues the NSScriptCommand and your preexisting code to accomplish commands.
In designing a command, think first of how a user might call it. For example, it would be natural to say:
tell application "Sketch" — note that on DP3 you need to say "Sketch.app"
 openfile at "/Local/Users/andrew/SketchSample.sketch"
end tell
Step 1: To the bottom of the Sketch.scriptSuite add a Commands section:
 "Commands" = {
 "OpenFile" = {
 "CommandClass" = "NSScriptCommand";
 "Type" = "NSObjectReference";
 "ResultAppleEventCode" = "obj ";
 "Arguments" = {
 "FileName" = {
 "Type" = "NSString";
 "AppleEventCode" = "oFNe";
 };
 };
 "AppleEventClassCode" = "sktc";
 "AppleEventCode" = "opFi";
 };
 };
Because this command takes one string argument, the file name, we have to define the file name in the "Arguments" section of the command. Commands can be of the generic NSScriptCommand class, or they can be NSScriptCommand subclasses that you create for special handling purposes. You need to define the return type of your command in the "ResultAppleEventCode" field. The Apple Event Code "obj " can be used to return an object, and the "Type" field would be an "NSObjectReference". If you don't want to return anything (a void method), use this:
 "Type" = "";
Note that the "AppleEventClassCode" is the same as our Suite Definition's Apple Event Code. The Apple Event Code for every command should, once again, be unique.
Step 2: Define the class or classes which support the command. In this case, just the Application knows how to open a file:
 "NSApplication" = {
 "Superclass" = "NSCoreSuite.NSApplication";
...
 "SupportedCommands" = {
 "Sketch.OpenFile" = "handleOpenFileCommand:";
 };
 };
Note that we designate the "OpenFile" command to be handled by the method named "handleOpenFileCommand:" which takes a single argument, the


text:
The Embassy of Brazil in London is set to hold a debate in honour of the release of a new book: "Lima Barreto – sátiras e Outras subversões" (Lima Barreto – satires and other subversions).
The new work is a collection of recently discovered texts by the Brazilian writer Lima Barreto (_PHONE_), who is known to have used various pen names. With an introduction from Dr. Felipe Botelho Correa (King's College London), who was responsible for putting the collection together, the book brings together a host of chronicles which appeared in Brazilian magazines such as "Fon-Fon" and "Careta", at the beginning of the 20th century.
Other participants at the debate, as well as Dr. Correa, will be Dr. Claire Williams (University of Oxford), Professor Robert Oakley (University of Birmingham), Professor David Treece (King's College London) and Dr. Vinicius de Carvalho (King's College London).
About Lima Barreto
Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto, better known as Lima Barreto, was born in Rio de Janeiro and was a jornalist and writer. Widely considered to have been one Brazil's most important writers, he is the author of novels, satires, tales and chronicles and contributed immensely to popular illustrated magazines and anarchist newspapers at the beginning of the 1900s. His most striking and impressive work, however, was discovered and released posthumously.
Where: Embassy of Brazil in London
When: 9 November
For further information: _URL_
Please e-mail _EMAIL_ to reserve a place.
To purchase the book, e-mail _EMAIL_.
Copies of the book will not be available for purchase during the event, due to Embassy restrictions


text:
Article Title: Uses for Audio in eLearning
Publication: Integrated Learnings: eLearning
Summary: The use of audio in eLearning is still an enigma for many instructional designers. Some eLearning lessons include full narration that fails to contribute to the activity's learning value, while others miss opportunities to enhance realism or gain attention through a selective use of audio. This article suggests situations in which audio can improve the effectiveness of an eLearning lesson.
Second, the images on the screen were not instructional. So, while the course avoided the mistake of reading text that appears on the screen (which we know can hinder comprehension), the many images that animated onto the screen throughout the course seemed to be more decorative than meaningful.


How to protect your phone in cold weather
Smartphones can experience performance problems, and break more easily, in extreme cold temperatures.
Story highlights
 - Smartphone batteries can drain faster and can suddenly shut down in cold weather
 - There are special cases and gloves for using smartphones in freezing temperatures
 - The glass on phones can break if exposed to extreme cold
Smartphones are not built for the extreme cold.
The plunging temperatures that have frozen much of the U.S. in recent weeks are not all that hospitable to phones and tablets.
But since that snowball fight didn't really happen unless you Instagrammed and tweeted it, here are some tips for using your device this winter.
Cold weather touchscreen tips
Winter gear is important to keep your extremities warm and cozy, but those mittens and gloves won't work on capacitive touch screens, which is the technology currently used on most smartphones and tablets. These screens depend on your body's ability to conduct electricity to work, and a thick insulating layer of wool prevents the screen from registering your taps and pokes.
There are inexpensive gloves that include special, conductive fabric on the tip of the index fingers so you can touch your screen without fumbling around to take off protective gear. To make your own gloves touchscreen compatible, thread the fingertips with conductive thread using this Make tutorial.
Another option for smartphones and tablets is a handheld stylus, which is better than a fuzzy finger if you need to do any volume of typing or work in the cold.
More snow coming to Midwest, Northeast
In a pinch, you can sometimes use the tip of your nose -- but precision navigation is tricky, and typing is a nightmare.
What happens to a chilly phone
Some smartphones list the optimum range of temperatures in their technical specs. For example, when it's turned off, the iPhone 5S can withstand temperatures between -4° and 113° Fahrenheit. When it's turned on, the range is much more narrow.
Apple suggests 32° Fahrenheit as the lowest operating ambient temperature. Other phones are rated for much lower temperatures, and some can go as low as -4° Fahrenheit while in operation.
"In the event that your phone does shut down, do not restart it until you're inside and give time for your phone to warm up. Restarting your phone immediately could actually cause more harm to your phone and actually shorten your battery life," recommends Jeremy Kwaterski of CPR Cell Phone Repair.
It's not just the battery, says Kwaterski. Smartphones are made up of other delicate electronic parts, like their LCD screens, that can malfunction in extreme temperatures.
Freezing temperatures can also make a phone's glass surfaces more sensitive to cracks and breaks, especially if there's already a flaw or nick in any of the glass. There have been reports of the glass on the back of the iPhone shattering in extreme cold temperatures.
In Finland, where the average high temperature in the winter is 1°C, the government Consumer Agency has warned citizens that the phones might suffer performance issues in the cold weather.
Prevent phone freeze
To keep phones from getting too chilly, don't leave them alone for long in frigid places, like a parked car. Stashing them inside pockets closest to your person, where they can absorb some of your body heat, is best. If you do need to leave it behind, turn the phone off instead of just putting it to sleep.
Cases also help to keep phones warm. There are even cases especially built to regulate a phone's temperature in extreme situations.
Still a Kickstarter project, the dapper-looking Salt Case claims it refracts the heat given off by the device back to the phone to keep it warm in winter weather. It also adds on some additional layers of insulation. The makers say they based the technology on the thermally protective materials NASA developed for its spacecraft.
One last tip: If you're depending on a phone to make outgoing calls in case of an emergency -- say, while driving on icy roads -- keep a back-up power source with you.


Dependent and independent variables
Probability is a very important and interesting topic in mathematics. Probability is finding the chances for an event to occur. In a given question there can be more than one event occurring. In such cases it can be checked if one event is dependent or independent from the other. In a question there are two events A and B. If the probability of event 'A' occurring affects the probability of event 'B' then A and B are dependent event. If the probability of event 'A' occurring does not affects the probability of event 'B' then A and B are independent event.
Example 1: In a bag there are 5 marbles. Kelly picks a marble without placing the first one back. Are the events independent or dependent?
Solution: The first event is picking the first marble. The second event is picking the second marble.
Here Kelly picks the second marble without replacing the first marble back in the bag.
So the two events are dependent as second pick is after the first pick of the marble.
Question: Multiple choice question (Pick the correct option.)
The students can choose any field trip between museum and Science Park. Ben picks museum and Sam picks Science Park. What are the events?
a) Dependent b) Independent c) None of these.
Correct answer: option b.
Explanation: The students can choose between any of the two options.
Ben choosing to go to the museum doesn't affect Sam choosing to go to the Science Park. Hence both the events are independent events.
HAVE A QUESTION? Chat With Our Tutoring Experts Now


DB Table Selector
Source
This node takes a database connection as input and allows selecting a table or view based on the incoming database connection. The node outputs the incoming connection together with the query referencing the selected table or view which can be used in subsequent database nodes. In addition, this node allows a customized SELECT statement to narrow the results window for the next node(s).
Input Ports
 1. Type: DB Session
 DB Connection
Output Ports
 1. Type: DB Data
 DB Data referencing the selected table
Extension
This node is part of the extension
KNIME Database
v4.0.0
Short Link
Drag node into KNIME Analytics Platform


on March 02, 2021 Visitor Management
4 Ways Visitor Management Systems Can Help Multiple Location Companies
It can be challenging enough managing visitors in a single location. If your organization has multiple sites, however, things can get much more complicated. Adopting the latest visitor management technology can help you implement location-specific security and safety measures, and ensure a consistent visitor experience across sites. Here, we'll go into four visitor management challenges faced by companies with multiple locations and how to solve them using a unified cloud-based visitor management system.
1. Multi-Location Visibility
If you're running a large organization, there's a good chance your company has a mix of locations that can range from offices, operational centers, distribution headquarters to logistics warehousing, and manufacturing facilities.
With a company operating in multiple locations, a big concern for security teams and upper management is the lack of visibility concerning visitor and employee movement throughout each site. It's vital to track employees, keep unwanted visitors out, and ensure the safety and security of the workplace at all times.
While the head of each facility can run a location-specific visitor management system, global, cloud-based visitor management software can synchronize data from all locations. This gives the head office a unified view of personnel and visitor activity to ensure nothing falls through the cracks.
According to George Lossius, former CEO of Publishing Technology, "The key to multiple location management is to ensure that information is shared across the entire company simultaneously. [Businesses should] commit to communicating effectively and (relatively) frequently through one tool."
1. Multi-Location Visibility
With cloud-based systems, your security team and top-level management can remotely monitor all sites. In fact, any designated personnel can access the visitor management system from any device, with the ability to track real-time changes. Not only does this ensure management is up to date on the latest information related to company visitors, but sharing this information also creates a sense of community. It also allows management and security teams to compare, unify, or collaboratively modify processes and policies across sites.
2. Location-Specific Visitor Policies
While it's vital to create a sense of uniformity across all sites, every location has specific local requirements for its visitors and employees, particularly across different countries or regions. Cultures can differ significantly on a global and domestic scale, while regulations can also vary across borders.
Depending on the site, a system can include a run-through of safety requirements such as visitor screening, photo capturing, and the signing of waivers before visitors can enter the facility. Alternatively, a research lab may require all visitors to sign NDAs and limit visiting hours and access to certain areas of the building. A construction site might require visitors to wear a helmet and high visibility clothing before entering the location. Each facility is different.
2. Location-Specific Visitor Policies
Location-specific policies are essential to protect the company, employees, and visitors. With a flexible cloud-based visitor management system, on-site managers can create visitor profiles for their facility while being connected to a larger central hub. By empowering managers to make local decisions, it saves top management time while leveraging the managers' location-specific knowledge.
SwipedOn's visitor management system, for example, is highly customizable. It's designed to work across multiple industries and types of sites, including corporate offices, manufacturing, logistics, technology, aged care, media, and even the consumer goods industry.
3. Inconsistent Sign in Experiences
While each location will have its own visitor sign in policies and procedures, it is important for brand and community building continuity to provide visitors and employees with a familiar, user-friendly experience.
So, how do you accomplish global consistency while providing elements of localization? Create a look and feel that's consistent and familiar across all systems by leveraging your brand's identity. Use its colors, theme, style, and values.
3. Inconsistent Sign-in Experiences
Source Image
Did you know that color increases brand recognition by up to 80%? And brands that are consistently presented are 3 to 4 times more likely to experience brand visibility. Leveraging visuals and creating a consistent visitor sign in experience is one of the best ways to make a memorable impression on guests. You can also have key slogans, messages, and your company values available in the local language of a given site. This creates a globally connected yet locally appropriate experience.
4. Real-time Update Challenges
According to Jindou Lee, CEO and co-founder of HappyCo, "Every day, companies across virtually every industry collect countless data points...the faster their analytics systems can process and interpret this information, the faster they can generate a high-fidelity view of their operations."
Gaining real-time data and making real-time updates are highly advantageous to modern organizations, especially those with multiple locations. Data can improve operational efficiency, workplace security, and can provide valuable data to help evaluate and improve team performance standards. If you're using paper based systems or outdated software, gaining and analyzing data will be challenging, especially if you have multiple global offices with different time-zones.4. Real-time Update ChallengesFor example, if you're in San Francisco, USA and you need to update a visitor policy at a manufacturing plant in Shenzhen, China, it's almost impossible to do so without a global, cloud-based visitor management system. Outdated enterprise or intranet systems are slow and often don't support real-time updates. Slow updates reduce your team's efficiency, productivity, and progress. Moreover, the inability to make timely changes to a visitor policy or updates to your company's NDA can have grave consequences and be extremely costly to your company.
As a business with multiple locations, it's important to tackle your visitor management challenges head-on. SwipedOn's cloud-based visitor management system can quickly, effectively, and affordably solve these challenges. Find out how by signing up for a 14-day free trial. If you found this article helpful, please share it on social media.
twitter-color facebook-color linked-in instagram-over
Amy Gallagher
Amy is our Marketing Assistant at SwipedOn.


text:
Water dimers detected in atmospheric conditions
Mar 4, 2013 1 comment
Physicists in Russia are the first to detect water dimers – bonded pairs of gaseous water molecules – in conditions similar to Earth's atmosphere. Such dimers have been predicted to have important effects on the Earth's radiation balance and atmospheric chemistry, so this latest breakthrough could help scientists gain a better understanding of how their presence affects climate.
Water vapour is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, and the principal absorber of both sunlight and the Earth's blackbody radiation. Scientists have known for decades that water appears to absorb more radiation than theoretical models suggest that it should. In the 1960s the Russian astronomer Sergei Zhevakin suggested that this discrepancy could be explained if, among the free water molecules (monomers), hydrogen bonding caused a small proportion of water molecules to pair-up to create dimers. These dimers, suggested Zhevakin and others, would be much stronger absorbers than single water molecules.
While chemists have been able to study water dimers at temperatures near absolute zero, it was not clear whether the structures could even form under conditions found in the Earth's atmosphere. This is because the infrared spectral signatures of a dimer are extremely difficult to separate from those of single water molecules – making standard spectroscopy techniques unable to answer the question.
Promising rotational spectra
Much more promising are the rotational spectra of dimers and monomers, which calculations suggest should be much more distinct than infrared spectra. These features appear in the extremely high-frequency (EHF) region of the radio spectrum – at about 100–200 GHz – and should differ significantly because dimers have much higher moments of inertia than monomers. Unfortunately, standard spectrometers did not have sufficient resolution to detect these faint, broad peaks predicted by quantum-chemistry calculations.
Now, using a special spectrometer, researchers at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Nizhgy Novgorod led by Mikhail Tretyakov – a former student of Zhevakin – have made the first clear observations of water dimers under conditions similar to those in the atmosphere. The team created a new spectrometer in which EHF radiation is injected into a cavity with a mirror at either end. The resonance of the cavity depends on the separation between the mirrors, which is controlled extremely precisely. Gas is then injected into the cavity and the frequency is varied. At frequencies the gas does not absorb, the cavity shows one sharp peak at its expected resonant frequency. However, at frequencies near the absorption peaks of the gas, the resonance peak becomes broader. By measuring this change in the sharpness of the peak, the researchers were able to measure resonances associated with water dimers.
The researchers injected water vapour into the cavity at a similar temperature (23 °C) and partial pressure to that found in the atmosphere. Previous attempts to detect the water dimer at ambient conditions have focused on a single peak, which is difficult to assign unambiguously to a particular molecule. Instead, the researchers identified a distinct series of four peaks in the absorption spectrum. These occurred at exactly the same positions as measured in cold-temperature experiments. The researchers interpret this as clear evidence that water dimers can form in water vapour under ambient conditions.
There is one puzzling aspect of the results, however: the measured absorption peaks were four times broader than those predicted by computer modelling. The researchers speculate that the reason may lie in the simplifying assumptions about the structure of the water molecule that are made by the computer model. For example, the water molecule is assumed to be symmetric, whereas in reality this is not quite true.
David Wales, a theoretical chemist at the University of Cambridge, says that while a full explanation of the broadness of the lines is important, the identification of four peaks makes the detection of the dimer quite convincing anyway. "It will inspire a lot of new work, both theoretical and experimental," he says.
Tretyakov agrees that more work needs to be done: "First of all, I need to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum – I know how to do that now. After that, I can get more information on the quantitative properties of the water dimer, and this will help us to understand the properties of liquid water in the long run."
The research is published in Physical Review Letters.
About the author
Tim Wogan is a science writer based in the UK


text:
To help visitors understand the geological processes which shaped the Breckland landscape, they can view a column at High Lodge Forest Centre, which is a representation of the deposits to a depth of 13 metres. There is an interpretation board to explain the artist's impression of the geological layers.
In 2004, the Forestry Commission received funding from the Arts Council England, Forest Heath District Council and the 'Arts for All' programme of Suffolk County Council, through the Rural Arts Lottery Programme, for an innovative arts project at High Lodge. The sculptor, Julienne Dolphin Wilding, was chosen to carry out the project and, after a series of public consultation days with adults and children, she chose a geological theme.
The column was constructed around a ten tonne block of concrete and a steel inner tube ten millimetres thick and twelve metres high welded onto a base plate. Twenty-four'mill stone rings' were then mounted onto the tube and bedded in with mortar joints. Using aggregate materials provided by May Gurney and Frimstone Ltd, Julienne built up a series of layers to create an artistic impression of the geological strata.


Talk:Common Intermediate Language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
 This article is of interest to the following WikiProjects:
WikiProject Computing / Software / CompSci (Rated Start-class)
Taskforce icon
This article is supported by WikiProject Software.
Taskforce icon
This article is supported by WikiProject Computer science.
WikiProject Microsoft /.NET (Rated Start-class)
Taskforce icon
This article is supported by WikiProject.NET (marked as Mid-importance).
Too Specific[edit]
The notion of a common intermediate language is not specific to Microsoft's.Net; this idea has been around since the time people tried to understand computation and compilers. If anything, this article should be discussing things like UNCOL as well, and Microsoft's CIL should be just one example. --Lingwitt (talk) 12:19, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
Broken Link for Kenny Kerr's intro to CIL (called MSIL in the tutorial)[edit]
The closest thing I could find in 10 seconds of googling is this link, and even it has a link to that same 404 page:
Machine Symbolic Intermediate Language?[edit]
I have never heard of the term "Machine Symbolic Intermediate Language". Google and MSDN don't bring up any 1:1 matches. Is there any evidence of this usage? Vector4F 20:17, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
Likewise. Perhaps this statement should be removed. There are enough acronyms in the world without people inventing new ones for the sake of it! Rickyp 11:10, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
Why does MSIL redirect to here? In all the documentation I've come across, this language has always been called "MSIL." Do a Google search for CIL and you'll get pages on unrelated material. Do a search for MSIL and--remarkably--you'll get pages about.NET and the Microsoft Intermediate Language. If no one objects within a few days, I'll redirect CIL to MSIL and change all references to CIL to MSIL. If you have a compelling contrasting viewpoint (with references), please submit it.
To back up my argument, you may go to MSDN (Microsoft's technical website) and type in CIL. There you'll get hits on unrelated material. Type in MSIL and you'll get hits on MS's MSIL compiler. You can also check out Jesse Liberty's book Programming C#. He also discusses MSIL and never mentions CIL. Frecklefoot | Talk 14:30, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)
IL was referred to as MSIL for a long time before Microsoft officially changed the name to CIL. That is why you will find more references to MSIL. Be that as it may, the official name of the language has been CIL since before the v1.NET Framework shipped. I fixed up the references in the wikipedia to be up-to-date with current terminology, while leaving in references to the original name.
The reason for the change is the the runtime was standardized, including IL, and so they didn't want any Microsoft-specific names in the standardized portions of the runtime.
Perhaps relevant: uses CIL. - Bevo 17:27, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
I don't consider a count of google search hits to be indicative of how up-to-date a term is. In fact, the more out of date term is likely to have more hits, by default I would think.
Onebit 20:07, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)
Thanks for the update! Frecklefoot | Talk 20:32, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)
Sure thing! Onebit 20:38, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)
Byte me[edit]
The CIL is not bytecode (byte = 8 bits), it is actually word based (WORD = 16 bits). Saying "wordcode" however sounds weird. Is there a way to describe it so it is correct and not weird-sounding? Right now it says it is bytecode, which is not correct (Java is bytecode based). Frecklefoot | Talk 18:57, Jun 25, 2004 (UTC)
Use of "bytecode" is appropriate. Originally the term "bytecode", no-doubt, referred to the size of the instructions. However, bytecode has been around for a long time, and not every example of bytecode centers around bytes in terms of the actual data stream. Even the existing wikipedia entry for bytecode refers to the fact that not all bytecodes are byte-length. At this point "bytecode" is a word unto itself; on the other hand, using "wordcode" would be making up a new word.
Meanwhile, the CIL portion of the CLI spec refers to the instructions as "bytecodes". --Onebit 20:47, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)
I suppose one of the earliest examples of this type of computer language was called P-code (or pseudo-code), see UCSD p-System. I'd have preferred that a term like P-code to have been used instead of bytecode, but I guess it's too late now. - Bevo 21:06, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
It's a generic name and it's easy to say, sounds like a computer term, and has been used a lot. P-code, as Bevo mentioned, stands for psuedo-code, but it's really too generic of a name. I've even seen it used to refer to Java, Perl, Python bytecode etc.. This harks back to it's more common meaning - pseudo-code is what you jot down on the back of napkins, not for processing. That's probably why we use bytecode and not p-code. I have only used the term "bytecode" to refer to an intermediate language while I have used pseudo-code many times to refer to generic programming.
Vector4F 05:10, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)
It needs to be called p-Code. Pseudo-code can mean both bytecode and "compiler nonspecific" code (for writing algorithms), but p-Code is always used to refer to bytecode (or wordcode, or dword code). And these articles need to be merged. You guys aren't discussing -whetherthey should be merged; everyone agrees they should. You're discussing which term is more appropriate, which deserves a whole different "disputed article" sticky note.
Cheburashka 20:49, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
MSIL is one kind of CIL[edit]
The microsoft research project phoenix uses the term CIL with its own intermediate language wich has nothing to do with MSIL. In my oppinion CIL stands for all bytecode languages that are 1) shared between multiple compilers and 2) meant to be compiled to machine code instead of being interpreted. Have a look at
SealedSun 21:33, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
That's understandable, but as it says in the article, after it was standardized it dropped the "Microsoft" bit, because it is a spec developed jointly with IBM and others. Technically it would make more sense to merge the MCIL article with CIL. But until there is an article made about "other" CILs, I wouldn't worry about it. Foofy 00:21, 7 February 2006 (UTC)
Well, articles about other CILs, they'll be pretty rare because the only other implementation that counts[Mono] aims to achive Binary Compatibility with Microsoft's runtime. So, their CIL needs to mimick Microsoft's CIL. Yuvi
CIL can be targeted by a regular C/C++ compiler[edit]
This should be mentioned somewhere - CIL, notably, has pointers, unlike JVM, which uses segmented memory. Take basically any C/C++ application, feed it to a C++/CLI compiler and you get a 100%.NET executable (well, not really true in practice, but it's more an accident of implementation than anything else, like how executables produced by Visual C++ will still depend on the native C runtime DLL. No reason a C/C++ runtime couldn't be implemented on top of BCL)
Well, I'll invite you to add it, it's wikipedia after all:)
text/bytecode contradiction[edit]
Is CIL a textual programming language, like a scripting language, or a type of bytecode? This article claims it is both! Herorev 19:53, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
"Upon execution of a.NET assembly, its CIL is passed through the Common Language Runtime's JIT compiler to generate native code" - so where does bytecode come into all this? -Wootery 20:59, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
CIL has both a textual representation as well as a bytecode representation. The bytecode version is used when persisting the code in an.NET assembly. When disassembled, the textual representation is used. Both are semantically same. (Excuse me for ressurecting an archaic thread) --soum talk 17:06, 16 February 2008 (UTC)
Merge from MSIL[edit]
I merged MSIL into this article basically by copy-pasting the MSIL article. Please make sure all the references to MSIL/CIL/IL within the text are correct. Tocharianne 00:52, 30 December 2006 (


text: Pollen preserved in latest Westphalian and early Stephanian clastic deposits of the Sydney Coalfield, Cape Breton Island, suggest that there were zones of different vegetational habitats surrounding the wetlands where the coal-forming peat was formed. On the margins of the wetlands was a narrow band with large cordaitanthacean trees. This was surrounded by 'occasionally dry' habitats supporting Schuetzia-plants, ruflorioid-plants and Aethophyllum-like herbaceous conifers. Around this were mesic or seasonally dry habitats, dominated by walchian conifers and disaccate-producing peltasperms. These in turn were surrounded by xeric or seasonally wet habitats, dominated by ullmanniacean-like conifers, cycads and monosaccate-producing peltasperms. During latest Westphalian and early Stephanian times, the mesic and xeric habitats encroached nearer the wetlands, although the vegetation of the wetlands themselves remained essentially unaffected. This vegetation change was not a response to climate change, but probably to changing drainage patterns and topography in the surrounding hinterland. The Florinites-producing cordaitanthaceans appear not to have been upland trees, as previously suggested, but occupied mainly coastal habitats, or riparian habitats on the margins of the wetlands.


text:
Impact of Rainwater Harvesting on the Drainage System: Case Study of a Condominium of Houses in Curitiba, Southern Brazil
Published: 18 August 2018 by MDPI in Water
MDPI, Volume 10; 10.3390/w10081100
Abstract: The objective of this work is to assess the impact of rainwater use in single-family houses on drinking water consumption and on the urban drainage system by means of a case study of a condominium of houses in the city of Curitiba, southern Brazil. A quantitative evaluation of the rainwater volume used and spilled in the recovery system was carried out using two methods for sizing the rainwater tank capacity. Using daily rainfall data and three demand scenarios of water consumption, it was possible to verify the efficiency and reliability of the adopted systems. Furthermore, in order to verify the impact on drainage, the greatest rainfall in the series was assessed and then it was possible to measure it by comparing the hydrograph peak flows with and without the rainwater harvesting systems in the watershed outfall, corresponding to the storage tanks (concrete boxes) in the condominium. It was concluded that there was a decrease in the peak flow of 4.9% and 4.4%, respectively, in the two storage tanks evaluated when the rainwater tank capacities were estimated using the method based on the German Practical Method.
Keywords: Brazil, water conservation, urban drainage, rainwater use


text:
If momentum is possible without conventional mass, is momentum possible without conventional velocity?
We already know that conventionally the equation is Momentum = Mass * Velocity
It took some work, but an answerer agreed with me at: _URL_
We also know that photons don't conventionally have mass:
Consider the previous answer at:
If the equation can be fulfilled in one way, then logically it could be fulfilled in another way,
For example, an object tethered on a slope has no velocity, but it is the mass of the object that causes it to pull on the tether. Perhaps this is momentum without velocity, even to some minds, without force? Anyone agree with me?
I'm interested in detailed but very conventional explanations of how this MIGHT work AT ALL
Be careful not to conflate velocity with force. Velocity is NOT force.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Examples Of Recycling of Waste. - SSC (English Medium) Class 10th Board Exam - Science and Technology - 2
why create a profile on Shaalaa.com?
1. Inform you about time table of exam.
2. Inform you about new question papers.
3. New video tutorials information.
Examples of recycling of waste.
Example: Used paper is recycled to produce computer printing paper, paper plates, toilet paper, paper towels etc.
Is there an error in this question or solution?
Solution Examples Of Recycling of Waste. Concept: Sustainable Use of Resources.


text:
Orana offers a range of vocational and life skills development options to help you develop yours skills.
- Computer Skills
- Literacy and Numeracy
- Life Out Loud program – exploring sexual health and appropriate behaviours
- Anger Management
- Workplace, Health and Safety
- Specific vocational development training linked to your job
This development enables you to:
- develop oral and written communication
- develop computer skills
- build self-confidence and life opportunities
- build friendships through shared learning
- enhance employability.
- continue literacy development with a focus on future life skills
For more information, please contact Orana on (08) 8375 2000 or complete our online enquiry form.


text:
The Kerry Timber railroad was one of most unique logging railroads in Oregon, because it had one thing few temporary logging railroads had...a tunnel. It also had well over a dozen trestles between its run from Clatskanie to Neverstill, which at the time was called Horseshoe Camp.
The Kerry Timber Company, Wright Blodgett company, and the Oregon-Washington Timber company built the Kerry Railroad beginning around 1912, to gain access to almost 2 billion feet of standing timber. The railroad barely lasted longer than a decade, but in that 10 or so years, it established a rail line in the heart of Northwest Oregon that would serve entire communities and log every bit of those 2 billion feet of timber. Many spur lines were built off of the railroad during its short life and the logs were all hauled to the Columbia river where they were eventually floated to saw mills. The railroad was the only access into and out of the remote area, before roads were built. But in 1933, the Tillamook Burn erased some of the lines history by burning many of the old trestles to the ground and collapsing at least one of the ends of the tunnel. The other end is on private ground.


text:
Looking for Cramster? Cramster is now Chegg Homework Help. Learn More
Bouncing Ball - Physics
A 1 Kg ball falling at 5m/s strikes a solid surface and bounces. The contact time between the ball and the surface is 9 milliseconds with a force of 1000N. What is the speed of the ball immediately after leaving the surface it struck?
Anonymous answered10 minutes later
You need a Homework Help subscription to view this answer!


text:
posted by jasmine .
How do the boiling points of 3.0 m C6H12O6 and 3.0 m CaCl2 compare?
A. The boiling point of 3.0 m C6H12O6 is higher.
B. The boiling point of 3.0 m CaCl2 is higher.
C. They are the same.
D. The difference cannot be determined from the information given.
I think the answer is D. Is that correct?
delta T = i*Kb*m
Since Kb is the same for both, the differences are due to i*m and since m is the same the differences are due to i.
i for C6H12O6 = 1
i for CaCl2 = 3
Look up the van't Hoff factor.


Light
Dark
System
1.0latest
Object Types
This section describes the SDL declarations pertaining to object types.
Consider a User type with a few properties:
Copy
type User {
 # define some properties and a link
 required property name -> str;
 property address -> str;
 multi link friends -> User;
 # define an index for User based on name
 index on (__subject__.name);
}
An alternative way to define the same User type could be by using abstract types. These abstract types can then be re-used in other type definitions as well:
Copy
abstract type Named {
 required property name -> str;
}
abstract type HasAddress {
 property address -> str;
}
type User extending Named, HasAddress {
 # define some user-specific properties and a link
 multi link friends -> User;
 # define an index for User based on name
 index on (__subject__.name);
}
Introducing abstract types opens up the possibility of polymorphic queries.
Define a new object type corresponding to the more explicit DDL commands.
[abstract] type TypeName [extending supertype [, ...] ]
[ "{"
 [ annotation-declarations ]
 [ property-declarations ]
 [ link-declarations ]
 [ constraint-declarations ]
 [ index-declarations ]
 ...
 "}" ]
This declaration defines a new object type with the following options:
abstract
If specified, the created type will be abstract.
TypeName
The name (optionally module-qualified) of the new type.
extending supertype [, ...]
Optional clause specifying the supertypes of the new type.
Use of extending creates a persistent type relationship between the new subtype and its supertype(s). Schema modifications to the supertype(s) propagate to the subtype.
References to supertypes in queries will also include objects of the subtype.
If the same link name exists in more than one supertype, or is explicitly defined in the subtype and at least one supertype, then the data types of the link targets must be compatible. If there is no conflict, the links are merged to form a single link in the new type.
These sub-declarations are allowed in the Type block:
annotation-declarations
Set object type annotation to a given value.
property-declarations
Define a concrete property for this object type.
link-declarations
Define a concrete link for this object type.
constraint-declarations
Define a concrete constraint for this object type.
index-declarations
Define an index for this object type.
Light
Dark
System


MATLAB Answers
How to determine if two cones with vertices at origin, intersect?
Asked by Doctor61
on 6 Feb 2013
Accepted Answer by Sven
Suppose I have two different sets of data points in 3d, that each are in a different tilted plane (different theta,phi,r of normal). I manage to find the enclosing circle for each of these sets of points (center and radius). Now imagine a solid angle (cone) with the vertex at origin and base at the enclosing circle. So I have two cones that have different heights, and their middle axis is at a different theta and phi. Now how can I figure out if these cones have any overlap (intersection) or not? And also if they are not overlapping how close are they, this is rather complicated to define and I still haven't figured out a suitable proximity measure. But maybe you guys out there have some ideas?
 1 Comment
Cedric Wannaz
on 6 Feb 2013
EDIT: discard this comment; I wrote it before realizing that your cones have both their tip at the origin.
You will probably find a lib. that does it, but if you had to do it "by hand".. you could start by computing the distance between the axes of both cones. This is done by computing the scalar product between a vector made of two arbitrary points from the two axes respectively and a unit vector orthogonal to the two axes. You get the latter by normalizing the cross product between two arbitrary directional vectors defining the two axes.
It would not be too complicated then to find radii of both solid angles at closest locations between the two axes. However, what you call "overlapping" is vague. If the two cones have an intersect, its geometry will be quite complicated.
No products are associated with this question.
1 Answer
Answer by Sven
on 7 Feb 2013
Edited by Sven
on 7 Feb 2013
 Accepted answer
Hi again Doc,
First thing you can do is check the dot product between the normal vectors of both cones' planes. If the dot product is less than zero, the cones cannot intersect. If the dot product is one, then the cones must intersect.
An easier way to think about "nice" 3D shapes (like cones) is to ask if it can project to 2D. In this case, happily the problem can be reduced to 2D.
You've got two "plane normal vectors" that intersect at the origin. This means they are co-planar. If you find this plane (which is straight forward with a couple of cross products), then project the outline of the cones onto this plane, you've reduced the problem down to a question of "does triangle A intersect triangle B".
Or, more simply:
 - Get the "apex angle" of each cone/triangle from its normal vector
 - Get the angle subtended between the normals of each plane
 - If the sum of the apex angles is greater than this subtended angle, your cones/triangles intersect.
So, let's say you know a few things:
1. The unit vectors of each plane's normal vector:
zVec1 = rand(1,3); zVec1 = zVec1/norm(zVec1)
zVec2 = rand(1,3); zVec2 = zVec2/norm(zVec2)
2. The "height" of each triangle (ie, the distance from your cone plane to the global origin:
ht1 = 10
ht2 = 7
3. The "width" of each triangle (ie, the radius of each cone):
wdth1 = 2
wdth2 = 3
Now you've got all you need to calculate the apex angle of each cone (ie, between the cone wall and the normal vector):
ang1 = atand(wdth1/ht1)
ang2 = atand(wdth2/ht2)
And the angle between the two plane normal vectors:
twoVecDotProd = dot(zVec1,zVec2)
angBetweenNormVecs = acosd(twoVecDotProd)
Now you've got your result:
conesIntersect = twoVecDotProd>0 && ang1+ang2 >= angBetweenNormVecs
Does that work for you?
on 7 Feb 2013
Hi Sven, thanks again for your valuable help.
This method is a very smart solution to my problem. But I have tried it on some random samples and it seems it does not perform correctly. BTW I have two questions about it: first, when you say "width of each triangle (ie, the radius of each cone)", do you basically mean the diameter of the circles I have as the base of the cones? Cause later you divide it by 2, in order to find the apex angle.
Also, I am a bit confused why you chose the inequality so that there is an intersection when ang1+ang2 is larger than angBetweenNormVecs, I would have assumed the opposite. Needless to say, I tried the opposite too and in some random runs it yields a wrong answer.
on 7 Feb 2013
Oh, sorry, yes, I meant "diameter". I've updated the solution above to use the word "radius" and to not divide this by two.
on 7 Feb 2013
Think of it this way, when angBetweenNormVecs is very small, the cones are pointing in the same direction and are more likely to intersect. When the ang1 or ang2 of the cones gets larger, that means that the cones are covering more space, and are similarly more likely to intersect. The greater-than sign is pointing the right way, and I'm quite confident that the above algorithm works correctly.
Anyway, it will always be better to show a specific example (with code to set up your zVecs/hts/wdths) rather than say that random samples don't work...
Thanks, Sven.
Discover what MATLAB® can do for your career.
Opportunities for recent engineering grads.
Apply today


text:
Computational Science Colloquium
27. November 2018 - Die Veranstaltung richtet sich an alle interessierten Personen, die zum Thema Lattice Bolzmann Method mehr erfahren möchten.
The lattice Boltzmann method is a modern approach in Computational Fluid Dynamics. It is often used to solve the incompressible, time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations numerically. Its strength lies however in the ability to easily represent complex physical phenomena, ranging from multiphase flows to chemical interactions between the fluid and the sourroundings. The method finds its origin in a molecular description of a fluid and can directly incorporate physical terms stemming from a knowledge of the interaction between molecules. For this reason, it is an invaluable tool in fundamental research, as it keeps the cycle between the elaboration of a theory and the formulation of a corresponding numerical model short. At the same time, it has proven to be an efficient and convenient alternative to traditional solvers for a large variety of industrial problems.


text:
SpringFour delivers financial health resources to combat rising transportation costs
CHICAGO, September 14, 2023 – SpringFour, the leading social impact fintech that provides access to thousands of financial assistance resources, will now deliver financial health resources to make transportation more affordable across the United States.
The average household spends almost $11,000 on transportation costs per year, and that number is expected to grow as costs continue to rise. Transportation is the single biggest expense for families following housing, accounting for around 16% of the average expenditures. Public transportation costs have increased by an average of almost 20% across the country in 2022.
SpringFour's vetted nonprofit and government transportation assistance resources include low to no-cost vehicle purchases for qualifying individuals; car repair, maintenance, and gas assistance; public transportation subsidies; free non-emergency medical transport; and vehicle and ridesharing, among other programs.
In partnership with banks, credit unions, fintech lenders, servicers, employers, nonprofits, and more, SpringFour's suite of products provides consumers access to financial assistance resources. Now, transportation financial assistance resources will be offered in addition to the tens of thousands of resources already available through SpringFour, including food assistance, affordable childcare, employment resources, healthcare support, rental resources, down payment assistance, home repair, prescription savings, and more.
"Transportation is essential to helping people maintain jobs, continue their education, support the economy, and stay connected to their family and community. Everyone deserves access to transportation and resources that empower their financial health journey. We're proud to work with top institutions to prioritize their customers' financial health, and that includes helping people find ways to reduce their transportation costs," said Rochelle Gorey, SpringFour Founder and CEO.
In 2022, SpringFour delivered 4.4 million financial health referrals to individuals, providing access to more than 22,000 vetted government and nonprofit resources in over 665 cities, towns, and metro areas through its direct-to-consumer digital tools and call center technology solutions. Customers save an average of $250 per month using resources recommended by SpringFour.
SpringFour, the first-of-its-kind social impact fintech, empowers banks, credit unions, fintech lenders, employers, mortgage servicers, nonprofits, and more to connect consumers with vetted, local nonprofit and government financial health resources — increasing payment performance; powering consumer financial health, knowledge and capability; and driving ESG impact. Trusted by Capital One, BMO, M&T Bank, OppFi, Key Bank, Avant, Enova, Oportun, Mission Lane, and more, SpringFour is a Certified B Corporation, WBE, and the only woman-led, social impact fintech that provides value for origination, servicing, and collections, creating opportunities for enterprise-wide innovation. SpringFour's product suite includes an innovative contact center tool, digital self-service models, and API. SpringFour delivered 4.4 million financial health resource referrals to consumers in 2022 in categories including food savings, rental resources, and more. To learn how SpringFour can benefit your organization, visit _URL_.
Impact and Communications Manager


text: Stochastic modeling of soil water fluxes in the absence of measured hydraulic parameters requires a knowledge of the expected distribution of the hydraulic parameters in different soil types. Predictive relationships describing the hydraulic parameter distributions must be developed based on the common descriptors of the physical properties of soils (e.g., texture, structure, particle size distribution). Covariation among the hydraulic parameters within these relationships must be identified. Data for 1448 soil samples were examined in an evaluation of the usefulness of qualitative descriptors as predictors of soil hydraulic behavior. Analysis of variance and multiple linear regression techniques were used to derive quantitative expressions for the moments of the hydraulic parameters as functions of the particle size distributions (percent sand, silt, and clay content) of soils. Discriminant analysis suggests that the covariation of the hydraulic parameters can be used to construct a classification scheme based on the hydraulic behavior of soils that is analogous to the textural classification scheme based on the sand, silt, and clay content of soils.


Rummy Rules: How to Play Online Rummy
How Many People Play Rummy Online?
The 13 cards of rummy game usually played between 2 to 6 Players. For two players, 1 deck of 52 cards and for more than 2 players, 2 decks of 52 cards are used.
What is a Deck of Cards?
It is a complete set of 52 cards, which consists of 4 suits (SPADES, CLUBS, HEARTS, and DIAMONDS) with 13 cards each. Cards of each suit rank from low to highsuch as Ace 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K.
What is Set?
It is a group of three to four cards of the same suites, whether it can be a SPADES, CLUBS, HEARTS, and DIAMONDS.
What is Sequence?
Sequence, where three or more consecutive cards belong to the same suit.
What is a Drop?
Drop is a powerful rummy trick. The player has the flexibility to skip any particular round before drawing the first card.
What is the First Drop?
A player can exercise the first drop in his/her very first turn. He/she will get only 20 points for the first drop.
What is Middle Drop?
In which, players can skip or choose not to play after a round starts by either drawing or discarding any cards. You will get 40 points. If a player decides to drop the game in the second or third turn, then it is considered as a middle drop.
What is a Table in Rummy?
It is a place where a game of rummy is played. Basically, one set of the rummy game is played on Table.
What is Joker?
 - Wild JokerIt can be selected randomly from a closed deckand the player can use this in place of any card to create a set or sequence. For example, if you have 1, 2, and 4 cards of the same suit, then you can use Joker after 2 to create a set.
 - Printed JokerIt also has the same role in a rummy game. A player can use it in order to create a pure sequence. For example, you can replace any card with a printed Joker.
What are Chips?
To play rummy on, Chips are required. When a player wants to play rummy on our online platform, some specific amount of chips are deducted from his/her 6ixxer Rummy account. There are three types of Chips, such as –
 - Practice Chips: Play with chips are free and it can be reloaded anytime the balance falls below 1000. To avail of this, you have to register yourself with us. Players can get unlimited numbers of Practice Chips in batches of 10,000.
 - Real Chips: It is for Real Play. In which, you have to play with cash and win cash. In order to avail Real Chips, the player needs to buy them online (by depositing cash through multiple available options) before entering a game of Real Play.
What is Dealing?
To start playing, cards are dealt in a clockwise direction.
What is Draw and Discard?
For arranging 13 cards whether in a SET or in a Sequence, a player has to discard his unwanted card and pick the needed card from Open Deck, which is just discarded by his previous player and has to draw a card from Closed Deck. To put it simply, there are 2 stacks from which each player can select cards, thereby drawing a card. Once a player draws a card, he has to get rid of one card - this is called discarding. To draw, a player can do this either from the closed un-dealt cards or the open discarded pile.
What is Meld and Show?
In Rummy Game, each player is provided with 13 cards. In this game, players need to arrange all the cards either in a set or in a sequence. Once, he/she made a set or sequence, he/she can submit the cards in groups for validation.
 - Show -The process of submitting cards is known as Show.
 - Meld or Melding-In order to have a successful Show, the players have to arrange all the cards into Lives or Setsand the action of arranging cards is called Meld or Melding.
What is a Group?
Grouping depends on the player's choice. If a player arranges two or more cards, he/she is shown in the "Group" button. What you need to do is, click the "Group" button and create a separate group for the selected cards. At 6ixxerrummy, you can create a maximum 6 on the table at one point in time.
What Does Term Full Count Means?
The maximum possible score for one Round is 80 points at 6ixxer Rummy.
What Does the Terms Deck Reshuffling Mean?
When all cards are finished, 6ixxer Rummy reshuffle the cards to resume playand this process is called reshuffle. This process is done by using all the cards whether it is discarded or dropped by the players. Initial dropped and middle dropped cards are also included in this process.
How are Scores Calculated in Rummy?
Cards of each suit rank from low to highsuch as Ace 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K. Ace is used no. 1. All cards are assigned with points like AJQK are assigned 10 points & the rest of the cards are assigned points based on their FACE Value.
By default, three autoplay rounds will be provided for disconnected players. And after that, the system will decide future courses based upon players' saved group scores.
 - If you saved groups score is less than middle drop count, the game will keep in auto play mode till some other player places a show.
 - If your saved group score is more than the middle drop count, the player will be considered for the middle drop.
What are the Validation Rules?
Players must have at least 1 Pure sequence & set (Life) and (1 Life) I set or sequence with/without jokers. It can be selected randomly from a closed deskand the player can use this in place of any card to create a set or sequence.
What is Life?
A Life is a sequence or set should be arranged at least 3 cards of the same suit. You can't create a set with more than four cards. In case, you add a joker in a set of four cards, then it will be considered as an invalid set. Apart from this, Joker is the most powerful card that helps you to win the game.
For Example
Players should have to arrange 1 Pure Life. They should also have a Life with joker. Let's understand with an example: - ( 1 Pure Life with Joker).
What is a Set?
It is a group of three to four cards of the same Value or different Suits. Let's take the example;-
For Example
What is Auto Play?
The disconnected players can join back with "Auto Play Mode".
6ixxer Rummy has launched a new feature, which is Autoplay. Suppose, you are playing rummy online at 6ixxer Rummy, and suddenly your internet is discounted, then you can join back in the running game with "Auto Play. In "Auto Play" mode, the system will take a deck card and discard the same card giving you an opportunity to Join Back in the continue game as soon as possible to reconnected thus avoiding unwanted count of 50 and 80.


text:
By LAUREN THOMSON Local Journalism Initiative Reporter on June 10, 2021.
Students, teachers, co-ordinators and support workers at Alexandra Middle School joined together Wednesday morning, providing a place to ask and answer questions, and to discuss the discovery of and honour the Kamloops 215.
The morning began outside the school with students and teachers from AMS participating in a traditional smudging ceremony with First Nations Métis Inuit support worker Shirley Boomer.
"I'm just so proud of all the kids," said Boomer, "and it just fills my heart with joy that they're taking it seriously. Moving ahead with something, to not forget this, because this is just such a flash in the pan, but for this to actually keep going, we are so thrilled about that."
Student Mateo Laliberte says the smudging ceremony, "was really eye opening, it was really calming."
Following the ceremony, Paul Bennett, Grade 7 humanities teacher for AMS, led his class inside the school for a round circle discussion. The students gathered around the tables with Bennett, First Nations Métis Inuit co-ordinator Darrell Willier and support workers Shirley Boomer and Morgan Muir.
"For decades we've known that there are missing children," shared Willier. "But the problem is we didn't know where they were."
Willier also indicated his mother spoke of the residential school she attended, and hopes they can look for missing children there, too.
"The five bands that sent kids there were quite happy when this company found the bodies because now it's going to be absolutely undeniable," said Willier. "When you have 215 markers in a field where the school was, it's going to make you pay attention."
The Grade 7 humanities students are certainly paying attention to Canadian history and its impact on them today, with many of their questions and comments during the round circle discussion being followed first by heavy silence.
"It was really upsetting to hear how young some of these kids were," said one student in the circle, "And that they could've grown up to do things like we're getting the chance to do now, but they didn't have that opportunity."
"It's a reminder that Canadian history isn't all good," another student said. "And we didn't all come together in peace and harmony, but things like this really bring up that it was such an unfair act in how people were treated back then."
Bennett has been actively engaged in discussion with his classes throughout his teaching years, saying he tries to use people and resources to bring true, authentic stories into his classroom for his students.
"I think that they have taken the history," said Bennett. "And they've absorbed it and really thought about it critically, so for the most part, the questions haven't been about what happened, I think they've accepted a lot of that just as the truth, but I think most of it is regarding how do we move forward … I think that they're more concerned with today and tomorrow than they are about questioning past, I think they want to move forward with resolving it. I have been very impressed by that."
Student Annie Noon says, "This is not just history anymore, it's a present issue."
First Nations Métis Inuit support worker Morgan Muir spoke about her day with the students.
"I think it gives us a lot of hope as Indigenous People moving forward that the young generation are wanting to hear the truth and wanting to learn more about what actually happened, and like we said take that action going forward. I really think this is a turning point for Canadian Society right now, what do we do now that the truth is irrefutable?"
Principal Todd Samuelson challenged the group of students to have the courage to remind him to continue to engage in this conversation.
"You're going to remind us of this day, and what happened," said Samuelson. "And say it's more than one day a year or a special event."


text:
Asset building organizations use Money Habitudes as a teaching tool, instructional game, conversation starter, and money personality assessment. Asset building is the process of supporting and encouraging low-income and moderate-income (LMI) earners, and those living in poverty, to accumulate, develop, and preserve all types of assets (including credit, savings, housing and education).
Organizations using Money Habitudes in an asset building context include:
- Housing agencies (pre-purchase, post-purchase, foreclosure prevention, transitional housing)
- Tax preparation organizations (EITC, VITA)
- Unemployment agencies, job readiness, welfare-to-work (and those involved with TANF and SNAP)
- Credit counseling and credit repair agencies
- Parenting programs: Head Start, Social Services, and Healthy Marriages and Responsible Fatherhood grantees
- Microloan, microenterprise and entrepreneurship programs
- Prison re-entry programs
- Community financial educators, including Cooperative Extension and universities
- Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) and other matched savings accounts
- Are easy to learn and to use as a facilitator.
- Are non-threatening.
- Provide countless helpful conversation starters.
- Appeal to men and women. They are tactile and hands-on format. People associate cards with fun and being social.
- Are a way to get couples to talk about finances and make joint financial decisions. This leads to them managing their money better. This may mean feeling comfortable to make a budget, share duties like paying the bills or meeting with a financial planner.
- Work across the spectrum of age, income and education to fit most asset building programs.
- Complement other skills programs (e.g., communication, budgeting, saving, etc.) and can be used as an icebreaker, integrated module or standalone activity.


text:
Background: heat, air quality, green space and health. The literature reports on positive health associations for a diverse range of intervention types. Sep 2017. Urban green space, such as parks, playgrounds, and.
Sep 2010. A literature search of academic and grey literature was conducted for studies and reviews of the health effects of green space. Apr 2015. Green Space and Mental Health: Pathways, Impacts and Gaps. Research on the Benefits of Anna university pg thesis format regulation 2013 Green Space, and What.
Chapter 2 Background and Literature Review. European and global economic space. Aug 2018. greenspace, parks, lived experiences, liveability, literature review. A review of urban green space intervention case studies) and. Aug 2015. Abstract. This paper presents a literature review on urban green space benefits and values and discusses alexithymia case study space qualities that are.
Our Approach to Valuing the Benefits of Parks and Green Spaces. Green spaces are often perceived as a luxury, especially green space literature review rural areas in need of.
Jun 2014. Informal urban green-space (IGS) such as vacant green space literature review, brownfields. Aug 2017. Through an interdisciplinary literature review the concepts of Green. In this review, the terms green space and public open. There is. Green Spaces And Health - A Critical Literature Review xxx. Download this free literature review at davidsuzuki.org.
Aug 2018. Within built environments parks and green spaces grfen settings for cognitive respite, as. CHAPTER 2: The links between greenspace and health: literature review.10. Characteristics of urban green spaces that are associated with. Consequences: A Review of revirw Scientific Literature. Scottish Charity (No. SC034078) and a. Mar 2018. Urban Green Space and Its Impact on Human Health.
The green space literature review contributions of urban and peri-urban green space systems. Green space includes many types of land from parks to more natural areas (e.g. Riassunto. urban areas using green infrastructure: a literature review. In a review of journal articles about greenspace, we found capstone project level 3 less than half of.
There is currently no comprehensive literature review that explores the many. General Community Value Orientations and Perceptions of Green Space. Assess the peer-reviewed epidemiological literature regarding the impact of. Literature Review. 4. Primary Survey Data Collection and Methodology. ISSUE 4 (2015) PP: green space literature review THE SOCIALBENEFITS OF URBAN OPEN GREEN SPACES: A LITERATURE Grewn Mehdi RAKHSHANDEHROO1, Mohd Johari.
West 4th Avenue, Suite 219. Vancouver. May 2015. The report outlines the different green space literature review of urban green spaces, ESS provision.
Lkterature study in the UK by Williams and Green (2001) reviewed the literature on public.
A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the use of. Download this free literature review at davidsuzuki.org. Report prepared for the Heart Foundation, SA Health. Key Questions. Gren what extent have other European cities. Methods A literature :earch of academic and grey literature green space literature review liteerature for studies and revl€V15.
Mehdi Rakhshandehroo, Mohd Johari Mohd Yusof, Roozbeh Arabi and Rasul. Oct 2011. 1. Green Research paper on james brown and the Metropolitan City. Public Open Space. A range of walkable, appealing and public open spaces helps meet recreational, play and social needs.
Follow Contact. Article. THE SOCIAL BENEFITS OF URBAN OPEN Revjew SPACES: A LITERATURE REVIEW. In the review the terms countryside green space literature review greenspace are deemed to. Corporations, this study found that current state of extended essay outline economics space was not in. West Rhyl Green space project (WRGP) HIA (Wales).
The brief asked for a review of recent and. May 2016. For the purposes of this review, green spaces are defined as all rebiew.
This report presents the green space literature review of a major literature review green space literature review to benefits of. Case study research from the. The general lack of community engagement in urban green space provision and management has resulted in low. Facilitating Engagement with Hospital Grounds Greenspace Design. Wellbeing Act for the protection of green spaces as a public health strategy.5.