to have existential import with respect to that term. In particular, a universal statement of the form All A is B has existential import with respect to A if All A is B is false when there are no As.
The following problems arise[original research?]:
(a) In natural language and normal use, which statements of the forms All A is B, No A is B, Some A is B and Some A is not B have existential import and with respect to which terms?
(b) In the four forms of categorical statements used in syllogism, which statements of the form AaB, AeB, AiB and AoB have existential import and with respect to which terms?
(c) What existential imports must the forms AaB, AeB, AiB and AoB have for the square of opposition be valid?
(d) What existential imports must the forms AaB, AeB, AiB and AoB have to preserve the validity of the traditionally valid forms of syllogisms?
(e) Are the existential imports required to satisfy (d) above such that the normal uses in natural languages of the forms All A is B, No A is B, Some A is B and Some A is not B are intuitively and fairly reflected by the categorical statements of forms AaB, AeB, AiB and AoB?
For example, if it is accepted that AiB is false if there are no As and AaB entails AiB, then AiB has existential import with respect to A, and so does AaB. Further, if it is accepted that AiB entails BiA, then AiB and AaB have existential import with respect to B as well. Similarly, if AoB is false if there are no As, and AeB entails AoB, and AeB entails BeA (which in turn entails BoA) then both AeB and AoB have existential import with respect to both A and B. It follows immediately that all universal categorical statements have existential import with respect to both terms. If AaB and AeB is a fair representation of the use of statements in normal natural language of All A is B and No A is B respectively, then the following example consequences arise:
"All flying horses are mythological" is false if there are no flying horses.
If "No men are fire-eating rabbits" is true, then "There are fire-eating rabbits" is true.
and so on.
If it is ruled that no universal statement has existential import then the square of opposition fails in several respects (e.g. AaB does not entail AiB) and a number of syllogisms are no longer valid (e.g. BaC,AaB->AiC).
These problems and paradoxes arise in both natural language statements and statements in syllogism form because of ambiguity, in particular ambiguity with respect to All.[citation needed] If "Fred claims all his books were Pulitzer Prize winners", is Fred claiming that he wrote any books? If not, then is what he claims true? Suppose Jane says none of her friends are poor; is that true if she has no friends?
The first-order predicate calculus avoids such ambiguity by using formulae that carry no existential import with respect to universal statements. Existential claims must be explicitly stated. Thus, natural language statements—of the forms All A is B, No A is B, Some A is B, and Some A is not B—can be represented in first order predicate calculus in which any existential import with respect to terms A and/or B is either explicit or not made at all. Consequently, the four forms AaB, AeB, AiB, and AoB can be represented in first order predicate in every combination of existential import—so it can establish which construal, if any, preserves the square of opposition and the validly of the traditionally valid syllogism. Strawson claims such a construal is possible, but the results are such that, in his view, the answer to question (e) above is no.
Syllogism in the history of logic[edit]
Main article: History of Logic
The Aristotelian syllogism dominated Western philosophical thought for many centuries. In the 17th century, Sir Francis Bacon rejected the idea of syllogism as being the best way to draw conclusions in nature.[10] Instead, Bacon proposed a more inductive approach to the observation of nature, which involves experimentation and leads to discovering and building on axioms to create a more general conclusion.[10]
In the 19th Century, modifications to syllogism were incorporated to deal with disjunctive ("A or B") and conditional ("if A then B") statements. Kant famously claimed, in Logic (1800), that logic was the one completed science, and that Aristotelian logic more or less included everything about logic there was to know. (This work is not necessarily representative of Kant's mature philosophy, which is often regarded as an innovation to logic itself.) Though there were alternative systems of logic such as Avicennian logic or Indian logic elsewhere,[citation needed] Kant's opinion stood unchallenged in the West until 1879 when Frege published his Begriffsschrift (Concept Script). This introduced a calculus, a method of representing categorical statements — and statements that are not provided for in syllogism as well — by the use of quantifiers and variables.
This led to the rapid development of sentential logic and first-order predicate logic, subsuming syllogistic reasoning, which was, therefore, after 2000 years, suddenly considered obsolete by many.[original research?] The Aristotelian system is explicated in modern fora of academia primarily in introductory material and historical study.
One notable exception to this modern relegation is the continued application of Aristotelian logic by officials of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and the Apostolic Tribunal of the Roman Rota, which still requires that arguments crafted by Advocates be presented in syllogistic format.
Boole's acceptance of Aristotle[edit]
George Boole's unwavering acceptance of Aristotle's logic is emphasized by the historian of logic John Corcoran in an accessible introduction to Laws of Thought.[11] Corcoran also wrote a point-by-point comparison of Prior Analytics and Laws of Thought.[12] According to Corcoran, Boole fully accepted and endorsed Aristotle's logic. Boole's goals were "to go under, over, and beyond" Aristotle's logic by 1) providing it with mathematical foundations involving equations, 2) extending the class of problems it could treat—solving equations was added to assessing validity, and 3) expanding the range of applications it could handle—e.g. from propositions having only two terms to those having arbitrarily many.
More specifically, Boole agreed with what Aristotle said; Boole's 'disagreements', if they might be called that, concern what Aristotle did not say. First, in the realm of foundations, Boole reduced Aristotle's four propositional forms to one form, the form of equations—by itself a revolutionary idea. Second, in the realm of logic's problems, Boole's addition of equation solving to logic—another revolutionary idea—involved Boole's doctrine that Aristotle's rules of inference (the "perfect syllogisms") must be supplemented by rules for equation solving. Third, in the realm of applications, Boole's system could handle multi-term propositions and arguments whereas Aristotle could handle only two-termed subject-predicate propositions and arguments. For example, Aristotle's system could not deduce "No quadrangle that is a square is a rectangle that is a rhombus" from "No square that is a quadrangle is a rhombus that is a rectangle" or from "No rhombus that is a rectangle is a square that is a quadrangle".
Syllogistic fallacies[edit]
People often make mistakes when reasoning syllogistically.[13]
For instance, from the premises some A are B, some B are C, people tend to come to a definitive conclusion that therefore some A are C.[14][15] However, this does not follow according to the rules of classical logic. For instance, while some cats (A) are black things (B), and some black things (B) are televisions (C), it does not follow from the parameters that some cats (A) are televisions (C). This is because in the structure of the syllogism invoked (i.e. III-1) the middle term is not distributed in either the major premise or in the minor premise a pattern called the "fallacy of the undistributed middle".
Determining the validity of a syllogism involves determining the distribution of each term in each statement, meaning whether all members of that term are accounted for.
In simple syllogistic patterns, the fallacies of invalid patterns are:
 - Undistributed middle: Neither of the premises accounts for all members of the middle term, which consequently fails to link the major and minor term.
 - Illicit treatment of the major term: The conclusion implicates all members of the major term (P — meaning the proposition is negative); however, the major premise does not account for them all (i.e., P is either an affirmative predicate or a particular subject there).
 - Illicit treatment of the minor term: Same as above, but for the minor term (S — meaning the proposition is universal) and minor premise (where S is either a particular subject or an affirmative predicate).
 - Exclusive premises: Both premises are negative, meaning no link is established between the major and minor terms.
 - Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise: If either


text:
Lovers' Quarrels, or Like Master Like Man
The original text
First performed as a benefit for King on 2 February 1790 at the Theatres-Royal, Drury-Lane and Covent-Garden, and was published, inter alia by J. Roach, 1806, as "Lovers' Quarrels, or Like Master Like Man: an Interlude in One Act, Altered from The Mistake of Sir J.V. by T. King".
This is thus an adaptation of The Mistake by Sir John Vanbrugh (_PHONE_) and is in fact often also credited to Vanbrugh alone. Allardyce Nicoll (2009) also mentions two other adaptations of The Mistake under the same title, one by "D.L." (1816) and one by "Vic." (1864).
Performance history in South Africa
1824: Performed on 1 June in Cape Town by the Amateur Company in The Cape Theatre, with The Heir at Law (Colman Jr). According to Bosman (1928), this was the Thomas King version and was billed simply as Lovers' Quarrels.
1832: Performed on 20 October in Cape Town by the All the World's a Stage in The Cape Theatre, with The Slave, or The Revolt of Surinam (Morton). According to Bosman (1928), this was the Thomas King version.
Translations and adaptations
Go to ESAT Bibliography
Return to PLAYS I: Original SA plays
Return to PLAYS II: Foreign plays
Return to PLAYS III: Collections
Return to South African Festivals and Competitions
Return to The ESAT Entries
Return to Main Page

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Your Position: Home VOC's Travel BLOG
VOC's Travel BLOG
Eating like a local in Guilin
2013-09-13 | China Food | Comments(0) | Views:(176)
A bite of China – A Taste of Chinese Noodles
2012-06-18 | China Food | Comments(1) | Views:(227)
Chinese Noodles has a history of 4,000 years according to an archeological discovery in Qinghai Province where a 50-centimeter-long noodle made of millet was unearthed. Eating Noodles is a part of birthday celebrations in China. Long noodles stand for longevity in Chinese culture. Noodles are regarded as the staple food in North China and usually served as breakfast in South China. The reason lies in the two agricultural patterns in China: wheat and millet are mainly produced in North China while rice is mainly produced in South China. Chinese Noodles are generally made from wheat flour, rice flour, tapioca starch or any kind of starch, with eggs, peanuts, meat, shrimps, vegetables and so forth as ingredients. The most common noodles are wheat flour noodles and rice noodles.


text: Early onset aggression precipitates a cascade of risk factors, increasing the probability of a range of externalizing and internalizing psychopathological outcomes. Unfortunately, decades of research on the etiological contributions to the manifestation of aggression have failed to yield identification of any risk factors determined to be either necessary or sufficient, likely attributable to etiological heterogeneity within the construct of aggression. Differential pathways of etiological risk are not easily discerned at the behavioral or self-report level, particularly in young children, requiring multilevel analysis of risk pathways. This study focuses on three domains of risk to examine the heterogeneity in 207 urban kindergarten children with high levels of aggression: cognitive processing, socioemotional competence and emotion processing, and family context. The results indicate that 90% of children in the high aggression group could be characterized as either low in verbal ability or high in physiological arousal (resting skin conductance). Children characterized as low verbal, high arousal, or both differed in social and emotional competence, physiological reactivity to emotion, and aspects of family-based contextual risk. The implications of this etiologic heterogeneity of aggression are discussed in terms of assessment and treatment.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
*With the release of Prospect 2.0, we now support FBX files. We recommend exporting to an FBX file from 3ds Max, rather than an OBJ.
*Note for 3ds Max 2019: The latest version of 3ds Max no longer supports Autodesk Standard materials, and the default material option is now an Autodesk Physical Material. These materials cannot be exported to FBX or OBJ files, so they will not appear in Prospect. A workaround you can use to export these materials is to convert them to Scanline Standard materials.
Software platforms write to OBJ files in different ways, so you may experience varying performance or need to take different steps when exporting from third party software. In some cases, you may find that loading your OBJ file into software that Prospect is natively integrated with, such as Rhino, and then launching through our add-in will produce superior results and allow you to better maintain the fidelity of your OBJ file.
Follow these steps in order to successfully produce an OBJ and MTL file that works with IrisVR Prospect with 3ds Max.
1. Before exporting, create a new folder on your computer where you will save the OBJ and texture files. Open Asset Tracking in 3ds Max.
2. Select all of the Full Paths under Maps / Shaders and right click to open a Menu
3. Select 'Make Path Relative to Project Folder'
4. Exit out of Asset Tracking
5. Select Export
4. Select OBJ in the dropdown and name your file
5. Make sure the options look like below
6. Select Map-Export and make sure 'Use map-path' is unchecked.
7. Maintain the format as JPG
8. Select Export. The resulting folder should look something like this, with the various textures used in your file visible as images:
9. Drag and Drop your file into Prospect and launch!
You may experience incompatibility when using the layers function with an OBJ file, in which case we recommend using a native file format.


text:
This exhibition spotlights the lifestyles, and some of the religious practices of Orthodox Jewry in the years preceding the Holocaust, during the Holocaust, and in the immediate years following the Holocaust. It provides a rare glimpse into a world of tremendous religious faith and belief and allows us, through the images and through the testimony, to explore their experiences and their fate.
The video testimony is taken from the CD "Years Wherein We Have Seen Evil" - which is part of an educational unit* produced by the International School for Holocaust Studies at Yad Vashem. The unit focuses on the story of religious Jewry during the Holocaust within a general historical context as well as broader Jewish context. For more information about "Years Wherein We Have Seen Evil" click here.
Developed with the generous donation of Rudolph and Edith Tessler


Meter calibration on the ISA Two
To calibrate the meters on your ISA Two to your DAW, follow the instructions below:
1. Send a test tone to the line input of ISA Two. This can be achieved using the tone generator in your DAW, and the line output of your interface.
2. Connect the line output of ISA Two to a line input of your interface.
3. Monitor the input level in your DAW, and adjust the gain of ISA Two until the DAW input level reads 0dBFS.
4. Adjust the calibration knob on the rear panel of ISA Two until the ISA Two's meter value matches that of your DAW.
Please note that the meter of ISA Two has an adjustment range of +16 to +24 dBu = 0dBFS. If the maximum input level of your interface falls outside of this range, you will need to calibrate your system with an offset. i.e. If your interface has a maximum input level of +14 dBu, you would need to calibrate the meter of ISA Two such that when it reads -2 dBFS, its output level would actually correspond to the maximum input level of the interface.
As always, if you have any questions or concerns you can get in touch with us through our Support Contact Form and we will be happy to help.


Abstract
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Some Chelate Polymers of Adipic Acid
Author(s): Ruhee Hussain and H. D. Juneja
Chelate polymers of Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) have been prepared with the ligand derived from adipyl bis-2-aminobenzothiazole having equimolar stochiometry of the cations and the ligands. In the present communication, a detailed study of X-Ray diffraction have been undertaken. The synthesized chelate polymers are coloured, amorphous, solid and highly insoluble in aqueous and common organic solvents. On the basis of X-Ray diffraction data, an orthorhombic crystal system has been proposed for the chelate polymers. The diffraction data were also used to index the compounds and for determination of various parameters.
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Highly cototient number
From HandWiki
In number theory, a branch of mathematics, a highly cototient number is a positive integer [math]\displaystyle{ k }[/math] which is above 1 and has more solutions to the equation
[math]\displaystyle{ x - \phi(x) = k }[/math]
than any other integer below [math]\displaystyle{ k }[/math] and above 1. Here, [math]\displaystyle{ \phi }[/math] is Euler's totient function. There are infinitely many solutions to the equation for
[math]\displaystyle{ k }[/math] = 1
so this value is excluded in the definition. The first few highly cototient numbers are:[1]
2, 4, 8, 23, 35, 47, 59, 63, 83, 89, 113, 119, 167, 209, 269, 299, 329, 389, 419, 509, 629, 659, 779, 839, 1049, 1169, 1259, 1469, 1649, 1679, 1889, ... (sequence A100827 in the OEIS)
Many of the highly cototient numbers are odd. In fact, after 8, all the numbers listed above are odd, and after 167 all the numbers listed above are congruent to 29 modulo 30.
The concept is somewhat analogous to that of highly composite numbers. Just as there are infinitely many highly composite numbers, there are also infinitely many highly cototient numbers. Computations become harder, since integer factorization becomes harder as the numbers get larger.
Example
The cototient of [math]\displaystyle{ x }[/math] is defined as [math]\displaystyle{ x - \phi(x) }[/math], i.e. the number of positive integers less than or equal to [math]\displaystyle{ x }[/math] that have at least one prime factor in common with [math]\displaystyle{ x }[/math]. For example, the cototient of 6 is 4 since these four positive integers have a prime factor in common with 6: 2, 3, 4, 6. The cototient of 8 is also 4, this time with these integers: 2, 4, 6, 8. There are exactly two numbers, 6 and 8, which have cototient 4. There are fewer numbers which have cototient 2 and cototient 3 (one number in each case), so 4 is a highly cototient number.
(sequence A063740 in the OEIS)
k (highly cototient k are bolded) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Number of solutions to x – φ(x) = k 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 0 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 4 4 3 0 4 1 4 3
n ks such that [math]\displaystyle{ k-\phi(k)=n }[/math] number of ks such that [math]\displaystyle{ k-\phi(k)=n }[/math] (sequence A063740 in the OEIS)
0 1 1
1 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, ... (all primes)
2 4 1
3 9 1
4 6, 8 2
5 25 1
6 10 1
7 15, 49 2
8 12, 14, 16 3
9 21, 27 2
10 0
11 35, 121 2
12 18, 20, 22 3
13 33, 169 2
14 26 1
15 39, 55 2
16 24, 28, 32 3
17 65, 77, 289 3
18 34 1
19 51, 91, 361 3
20 38 1
21 45, 57, 85 3
22 30 1
23 95, 119, 143, 529 4
24 36, 40, 44, 46 4
25 69, 125, 133 3
26 0
27 63, 81, 115, 187 4
28 52 1
29 161, 209, 221, 841 4
30 42, 50, 58 3
31 87, 247, 961 3
32 48, 56, 62, 64 4
33 93, 145, 253 3
34 0
35 75, 155, 203, 299, 323 5
36 54, 68 2
37 217, 1369 2
38 74 1
39 99, 111, 319, 391 4
40 76 1
41 185, 341, 377, 437, 1681 5
42 82 1
43 123, 259, 403, 1849 4
44 60, 86 2
45 117, 129, 205, 493 4
46 66, 70 2
47 215, 287, 407, 527, 551, 2209 6
48 72, 80, 88, 92, 94 5
49 141, 301, 343, 481, 589 5
50 0
Primes
The first few highly cototient numbers which are primes are [2]
2, 23, 47, 59, 83, 89, 113, 167, 269, 389, 419, 509, 659, 839, 1049, 1259, 1889, 2099, 2309, 2729, 3359, 3989, 4289, 4409, 5879, 6089, 6719, 9029, 9239, ... (sequence A105440 in the OEIS)
See also
References


distance
!
(
away,at low enough temperatures,inelastic scattering becomes frozen
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e
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/h
.
Inverting the conductivity tensor,one obtains the resistivity tensor,
#
0
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=
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.
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Advanced Quantum Physics


1. Raising the Research Bar Survey
The Legal Research Center is planning a research training program for Friday morning, May 16 and would like your suggestions. The program will last about 3 1/2 hours, including a Continental Breakfast, and is designed to sharpen your research skills and provide practical tips that will let you confidently answer real-world research questions.
* 1. How can we help you do your job this summer?
* 2. Where will you be working this summer?
* 3. What will you be doing at your job this summer?
* 5. How would you characterize your legal research skills?
* 6. Other comments or suggestions or suggestions for the program:
* 7. Name
* 8. Email address


System.Messaging (Object Pascal)
From Appmethod Code Examples
Jump to: navigation, search
Description
This example shows how to send and receive messages using the RTL.
It defines a form that contains a text input field and a button. The application behaves as follows:
 - The form defines a method that is called when the default message manager receives a message of UnicodeString type, and this method shows a dialog box with the string from the message.
 - A click on the button sends the string in the input field as a message of UnicodeString type to the default message manager.
Note: This code example is implemented with messages to show how to use them, not because they are the best choice in this case. See When to Use Messages.
To build and test this example:
 1. Create a FireMonkey desktop application.
 2. Add a TEdit and a TButton to your main form.
 3. Change the Text of the button to "Send Message".
 4. Define event handlers with the implementations shown in the Code section below.
 1. Select the form and define an event handler for its OnCreate event.
 2. Select the button and define an event handler for its OnClick event.
System.Messaging.png
Code
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
 System.SysUtils, System.Types, System.UITypes, System.Classes, System.Variants,
 FMX.Types, FMX.Graphics, FMX.Controls, FMX.Forms, FMX.Dialogs, FMX.StdCtrls,
 System.Messaging, FMX.Edit;
type
 TForm1 = class(TForm)
 Edit1: TEdit;
 Button1: TButton;
 procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
 procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
 private
 { Private declarations }
 public
 { Public declarations }
 end;
var
 Form2: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.fmx}
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
 MessageManager: TMessageManager;
 Message: TMessage;
begin
 MessageManager := TMessageManager.DefaultManager;
 Message := TMessage<UnicodeString>.Create(Edit1.Text);
 MessageManager.SendMessage(Sender, Message, True);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
 SubscriptionId: Integer;
 MessageManager: TMessageManager;
begin
 MessageManager := TMessageManager.DefaultManager;
 SubscriptionId := MessageManager.SubscribeToMessage(TMessage<UnicodeString>, procedure(const Sender: TObject; const M: TMessage)
 begin
 ShowMessage((M as TMessage<UnicodeString>).Value);
 end);
end;
end.
Uses
See Also


'magit-create-branch-command-hook 'foo-create-branch)
_USER_ example
The function _USER_{foo-create-branch} will be called each time an
attempt is made to create a branch, and can, for example, react to
a certain name convention.
Define new commands and associated menu.
This part is not really specific to extensions, except that menus take
place in the ''Extensions'' submenu.
_USER_ itemize
It is suggested that Magit extensions authors stick to the convention of
making extensions minor modes. This has many advantages, including the
fact that users are able to toggle extensions, and that it's easy to
configure a specific set of extensions for a given repository.
Shipped extensions can serve as an example of how to develop
new extensions.
Basically a _USER_{foo} extension should provide a _USER_{magit-foo-mode}
minor mode, as well as a _USER_{turn-on-magit-foo} function. The main
task of the minor mode is to register/unregister the various hooks that
the extension requires. The registered actions on the other hand can be
left alone and activated globally, since they can be run only on
displayed items, which won't happen when the minor mode is off.
Don't forget to call _USER_{magit-refresh} when the minor mode is toggled
interactively, so that the relevant sections can be shown or hidden.
_USER_ Using Git Directly
_USER_ Using Git Directly
For situations when Magit doesn't do everything you need, you can run
raw Git commands using _USER_{:}. This will prompt for a Git command, run
it, and refresh the status buffer. The output can be viewed by typing
_USER_ Customization
_USER_ Customization
The following variables can be used to adapt Magit to your workflow:
_USER_ _USER_
_USER_ magit-git-executable
The name of the Git executable.
_USER_ magit-git-standard-options
Standard options when running Git.
_USER_ magit-repo-dirs
Directories containing Git repositories.
Magit will look into these directories for Git repositories and offer
them as choices for _USER_{magit-status}.
_USER_ magit-repo-dirs-depth
The maximum depth to look for Git repos.
When looking for a Git repository below the directories in
_USER_{magit-repo-dirs}, Magit will only descend this many levels deep.
_USER_ magit-save-some-buffers
Non-nil means that _USER_{magit-status} will save modified buffers
before running. Setting this to _USER_{t} will ask which buffers to
save, setting it to _USER_{'dontask} will save all modified buffers
without asking.
_USER_ magit-save-some-buffers-predicate
Specifies a predicate function on _USER_{magit-save-some-buffers} to
determine which unsaved buffers should be prompted for saving.
_USER_ magit-commit-all-when-nothing-staged
Determines what _USER_{magit-log-edit} does when nothing is staged.
Setting this to _USER_{nil} will make it do nothing, setting it to
_USER_{t} will arrange things so that the actual commit command will
use the _USER_{--all} option, setting it to _USER_{'ask} will first ask
for confirmation whether to do this, and setting it to
_USER_{'ask-stage} will cause all changes to be staged, after a
_USER_ magit-commit-signoff
When performing _USER_{git commit} adds _USER_{--signoff}.
_USER_ magit-log-cutoff-length
The maximum number of commits to show in the _USER_{log} and
_USER_{whazzup} buffers.
_USER_ magit-log-infinite-length
Number of log used to show as maximum for
_USER_ magit-log-auto-more
Insert more log entries automatically when moving past the last entry.
Only considered when moving past the last entry with _USER_{magit-goto-next-section}.
_USER_ magit-process-popup-time
Popup the process buffer if a command takes longer than this many
_USER_ magit-revert-item-confirm
Require acknowledgment before reverting an item.
_USER_ magit-log-edit-confirm-cancellation
Require acknowledgment before canceling the log edit buffer.
_USER_ magit-remote-ref-format
What format to use for autocompleting refs, in pariticular for
Autocompletion is used by functions like _USER_{magit-checkout},
_USER_{magit-interactive-rebase} and others which offer branch name
The value _USER_{'name-then-remote} means remotes will be of the form
_USER_{name (remote)}, while the value _USER_{'remote-slash-name} means
that they'll be of the form _USER_{remote/name}. I.e. something that's
listed as _USER_{remotes/upstream/next} by _USER_{git branch -l -a} will
be _USER_{upstream/next}.
_USER_ magit-process-connection-type
Connection type used for the git process.
_USER_{nil} mean pipe, it is usually faster and more efficient, and
work on cygwin. _USER_{t} mean pty, it enable magit to prompt for
passphrase when needed.
_USER_ magit-completing-read-function
Function to be called when requesting input from the user.
_USER_ magit-create-branch-behaviour
Where magit will create a new branch if not supplied a branchname or
The value _USER_{'at-head} means a new branch will be created at the
tip of your current branch, while the value _USER_{'at-point} means
magit will try to find a valid reference at point...
_USER_ magit-status-buffer-switch-function
Function for _USER_{magit-status} to use for switching to the status
The function is given one argument, the status buffer.
_USER_ magit-rewrite-inclusive
Whether magit includes the selected base commit in a rewrite
_USER_{t} means both the selected commit as well as any subsequent
commits will be rewritten. This is magit's default behaviour,
equivalent to _USER_{git rebase -i $@{REV~1@}}
_USER_ verbatim
_USER_{nil} means the selected commit will be literally used as
_USER_{base}, so only subsequent commits will be rewritten. This is
consistent with git-rebase, equivalent to _USER_{git rebase -i
$@{REV@}}, yet more cumbersome to use from the status buffer.
_USER_ verbatim
_USER_ magit-topgit-executable
The name of the TopGit executable.
_USER_ magit-topgit-branch-prefix
Convention prefix for topic branch creation.
_USER_ table
_USER_ Frequently Asked Questions
_USER_ Frequently Asked Questions
* FAQ - Changes::
* FAQ 1 - Troubleshooting::
* FAQ 2 - Display issues::
_USER_ menu
_USER_ FAQ - Changes
_USER_ Changes
_USER_ _USER_
v1.1: Changed the way extensions work. Previously, they were enabled
unconditionally once the library was loaded. Now they are minor modes
that need to be activated explicitly (potentially on a per-repository
basis). See _USER_{Activating extensions}.
_USER_ itemize
_USER_ FAQ 1 - Troubleshooting
_USER_ Troubleshooting
* FAQ 1-1:: How do I get raw error messages from git?
_USER_ menu
_USER_ FAQ 1-1
_USER_ Question 1.1
How do I get raw error messages from git?
_USER_ Answer
If a command goes wrong, you can hit _USER_{$} to access the git process
buffer. There, the entire trace for the latest operation is available.
_USER_ FAQ 2 - Display issues
_USER_ Display issues
* FAQ 2-1:: How do I fix international characters display?
_USER_ menu
_USER_ FAQ 2-1
_USER_ Question 2.1
How do I fix international characters display?
_USER_ Answer
Please make sure your Magit buffer uses a compatible coding system.
In the particular case of file names, git itself quotes them by
default. You can disable this with one of the following approaches:
$ git config core.quotepath false
_USER_ example
(setq magit-git-standard-options (append magit-git-standard-options
'("-c" "core.quotepath=false")))
_USER_ example
The latter might not work in old versions of git.
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Join 220,000+ Fitness Fans
6 Convincing Reasons to Should Start Journaling Your Food Intake
journalFood tracking might seem like a tedious chore, but it's one of the few things in fitness where just a little extra work can pay huge dividends. The following 6 reasons are why everyone should give it a try at some point in their fitness journey.
You Will Lose More Weight
Just the simple act of keeping a daily food journal can help you lose twice as much weight than you would have if you didn't do it at all [1]. There are many mechanisms through which this happens, but the main reason is because it makes you more aware of what you're putting into your mouth.
Many people don't realize how much they are eating until they see it in writing right in front of them. It's easy for a few bites of this, and a few bites of that to add up. Writing down what you eat makes you more mindful of your nutrition.
You Learn About Food
Nothing teaches you more about food and what you eat than tracking your food intake. You learn about calories, macronutrients, micronutrients, food additives, and how your body reacts to certain foods and food combinations. All of this information becomes invaluable once (or if) you do finally stop journaling.
You'll be able to just eat and know the general nutritional breakdown of a particular food without having to look it up. You'll be able to better keep your portions under control. You'll be able to make better choices when you go out to eat, and you'll experience more nutritional freedom as time goes on.
Find Hidden Problems
Journaling your food helps you uncover hidden problems. Before journaling you might have thought you were eating a healthy diet that was sufficient in calories and nutrients, but once you write down and analyze your diet, you might notice that you were eating too few calories to support healthy weight loss.
You might realize you were too deficient in essential fatty acids, or that your fiber intake was way too low. Whatever the case, journaling helps you uncover areas of your nutrition that can be improved.
See why you might not be eating enough calories to lose weight.
Revisit Your Success
One of my favorite reasons for journaling is that it gives you a successful reference point in your fitness journey that you can revisit. When times get tough, and they inevitably will, you can end the confusion and look back to what you know worked in the past.
You can see exactly what you ate and the workouts you did (if you journal that too) that got you results. That's enough piece of mind to give you the confidence to keep going about your journey.
You can see what calorie intake worked for YOU. You can see the food choices YOU made that got YOU results. You can see how often YOU can cheat and still make progress. Food journaling gives you a highly individualized blueprint for your success.
Keeps You Accountable
You'd be surprised how different your food choices are once you start writing down what you eat. Tracking food helps keep you accountable. Not only does seeing a full day of healthy eating in writing help bolster your willpower, but being forced to write down your nutritional mess ups also makes you think twice about your decisions. If journaling your food can make you just 25% less likely to eat unhealthy food, you will make great progress.
Helps You Make Dietary Tweaks
Probably the most practical of reasons for writing down what you eat is that it makes dietary tweaking a breeze. Is your weight loss stalled? Simple, just cut 100 calories from your diet, be patient, and then reassess the results.
You can't do that very easily if you aren't writing down what you're eating. Need more energy for your high-intensity workouts? You will know exactly where you can fit in more carbs so that you can boost your intensity levels. Journaling will help you make precision tweaks to your diet that will help you keep your progress moving forward.
 - Ian
 Thanks so much for your inspiring and informative posts–I always look forward to them. Keeping a quantitative journal of my inputs (foods and drinks) against my outputs (workouts) is the ONLY way I can keep a handle on how I'm doing. For me, going "by feel" or a mental note just doesn't work. Subconsciously or not, it seems like I will eventually "trick" myself into justifying why I can eat this or skip that workout. For me, the only way to keep myself honest and reach my goals is to keep a food and workout journal–the numbers simply don't lie. People often comment that they think I'm "obsessed" or "extreme" for documenting everything, but after getting many years or fat loss and gain under control, I know it's what works for me, so I've stopped fighting it or trying to explain it to others. Good luck to all!
 - Claire
 With food journal-ling, not only was i able to lose 20lbs. and keep it off, it let me really discover what food can do and the power of eating whole foods.
 - Sthomasjag
 Coach, I've got a question. I alternate lifting days with HIIT days. Should I have only carbs in my post workout shake on both days, or just my lift days? Same question with fruit, but for the cardio days. Thanks for all you do.
 - Coach Calorie
 If you are lifting hard or doing HIIT at high intensities, you should definitely have carbs post workout. For steady-state cardio sessions, it can be beneficial for fat loss to leave out the carbs post workout, but the difference is negligible and you probably won't notice much difference unless you already have a low body fat percentage.
 - mb168
 I've been a marathon runner for 2+ years now, so log a lot of training miles. I've lost a few lbs but nowhere near what I thought I would, it's a hard reality when you realize you need to run over 30miles/week just to lose 1lb/week, it sort of hits you in the face hard. This past Easter a bodybuilder friend told me about MyFitnessPal, a website/phone app to log your food. I started using it April 1 and lost 14lbs in 2 months. I really haven't changed WHAT I eat, I'm not eating "clean" or anything like that, but like you said, it makes you aware of how much you're shoveling in, or drinking. Using the site or app is much easier than actually writing it down so to me it's more sustainable, you can even scan in barcodes when you eat or cook or make a whole recipe for common stuff you cook, but you still think twice when you're about to eat something, "is this something I want to log because I have friends that will see it that I share with, plus I will have to run to the front of my neighborhood and back just to make up for it!"
 - Heather
 Hello! This is a very helpful post (as usual) and has re-inspired me to attempt food journaling. In the past have given up because of things I don't know the calories of. For instance, I make a bread loaf that is made of almonds,sunflower seeds, chia seeds, oatmeal, and psyllium husk. I have no idea how many calories are in it. Or if I make home made chili with lots of veggies. It seems like to much trouble to add all the calories and divide by god knows how many servings. Do you think that it is okay to keep a more simple journal and not worry so much about the calories of tricky foods? I guess it is pretty easy to see if the choice was a good or bad one, regardless of whether there is a number next to it or not.
 - Coach Calorie
 I think writing it down is a good thing even if you don't count calories. Try to do at least what you're eating and when.
 - Mari
 Just curious, Tony, was my comment removed or did I make an error when trying to post?
 - Coach Calorie
 Mari, I don't see your comment listed anywhere. Can you ask it again?


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You are currently browsing the tag archive for the 'interop' tag.
I've come up with a trick that can be used in some very specific scenarios in order to avoid extra array copying when calling into native code from managed code (e.g. C#). This won't usually work for regular P/Invokes into all your favorite Win32 APIs, but I'm hopeful it'll be useful for someone somewhere. It's not even evil! No hacks required.
Many native methods require the caller to allocate the array and specify its length, and then the callee fills it in or returns an error code indicating that the buffer is too small. The technique described in this post is not necessary for those, as they can already be used optimally without any copying.
Instead, let's talk about the general problem if you're calling a native method which does the array allocation and then returns it. You can't use it as a "managed array" unless you copy it into a brand new managed array (don't forget to free the native array). In other words, native { T* pArray; size_t length; } cannot be used as a simple managed T[] as-is (or even with modification!). The managed runtime didn't allocate it, won't recognize it, and there's nothing you can do about it. Very few managed methods will accept a pointer and a length, and will require a managed array. This is particularly irksome when you want to use System.IO.Stream.Read() or Write() with bytes from a native-side buffer.
Paint.NET uses a library written in classic C called General Polygon Clipper (GPC), from The University of Manchester, to perform polygon clipping. This is used for, among other things, when you draw a selection with a mode such as add (union), subtract (exclude), intersect, and invert ("xor"). I blogged about this 4 years ago when version 3.35 was about to be released: using GPC made these operations immensely faster, and I saved a lot of time and headache by purchasing a commercial use license for the library and then integrating it into the Paint.NET code base. tl;dr: The algorithms for doing this are nontrivial and rife with special corner cases, and I'd been struggling to find enough sequential time to implement and debug it on my own.
Anyway, the data going into and coming out of GPC is an array of polygons. Each polygon is an array of points, each of which is just a struct containing X and Y as double-precision floating point values. To put it simply, it's just a System.Windows.Point[][] (I actually use my own geometry primitives nowadays, but that's another story, and it's the same exact thing).
Getting this data into GPC from the managed side is easy. You pin every array, and then hand off the pinned pointers to GPC. Since you can't use the "fixed" expression with a dynamic number of elements, I use GCHandle directly and stuff them all into GCHandle[] arrays for the duration of the native call. This is great because on the managed side I can work with regular ol' managed arrays, and then send them off to GPC as "native arrays" by pinning them and using the pointers obtained from GCHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject().
Now, here's the heart breaking part. GPC allocates the output polygon using good ol' malloc*. So when I get the result back on the managed side, I must copy every single last one so that I can use it as a Point[] (a managed array). This ends up burning a lot of CPU time, and can cause virtual address space claustrophobia on 32-bit/x86 systems when working with complex selections (e.g. Magic Wand), as you must have enough memory for 2 copies of the result while you're doing the copying. (Or you could free each native array after you copy it into a managed array, but that's an optimization for another day, and isn't as straightforward as you'd think because freeing the native memory requires another P/Invoke, and those add up, and so it might not actually be an optimization.)
But wait, there's another way! Since the code for GPC is part of my build, I can modify it. So I added an extra parameter called gpc_vertex_calloc:
 typedef (gpc_vertex *)(__stdcall * gpc_vertex_calloc_fn)(int count);
 GPC_DLL_EXPORT(
 void, gpc_polygon_clip)(
 gpc_op set_operation,
 gpc_polygon *subject_polygon,
 gpc_polygon *clip_polygon,
 // result_polygon holds the arrays of gpc_vertex, aka System.Windows.Point)
 gpc_polygon *result_polygon,
 gpc_vertex_calloc_fn gpc_vertex_calloc);
("gpc_vertex" is GPC's struct that has the same layout as System.Windows.Point: X and Y, defined as a double.)
In short, I've changed GPC so that is uses an external allocator by passing in a function pointer it should use instead of malloc. And now if I want I can have it use malloc, HeapAlloc, VirtualAlloc, or even the secret sauce detailed below.
On the managed side, the interop delegate definition for gpc_vertex_calloc_fn gets defined as such:
 [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.StdCall)]
 public delegate IntPtr gpc_vertex_calloc_fn(int count);
And gpc_polygon_clip's interop defintion is like so:
 [DllImport("PaintDotNet.SystemLayer.Native.x86.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
 public static extern void gpc_polygon_clip(
 [In] NativeConstants.gpc_op set_operation,
 [In] ref NativeStructs.gpc_polygon subject_polygon,
 [In] ref NativeStructs.gpc_polygon clip_polygon,
 [In, Out] ref NativeStructs.gpc_polygon result_polygon,
 [In] [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.FunctionPtr)] NativeDelegates.gpc_vertex_calloc_fn gpc_vertex_calloc);
So, we're half way there, and now we need to implement the allocator on the managed side.
 internal unsafe sealed class PinnedManagedArrayAllocator<T>
 : Disposable
 where T : struct
 {
 private Dictionary<IntPtr, T[]> pbArrayToArray;
 private Dictionary<IntPtr, GCHandle> pbArrayToGCHandle;
 public PinnedManagedArrayAllocator()
 {
 this.pbArrayToArray = new Dictionary<IntPtr, T[]>();
 this.pbArrayToGCHandle = new Dictionary<IntPtr, GCHandle>();
 }

 // (Finalizer is already implemented by the base class (Disposable))
 protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
 {
 if (this.pbArrayToGCHandle != null)
 {
 foreach (GCHandle gcHandle in this.pbArrayToGCHandle.Values)
 {
 gcHandle.Free();
 }
 this.pbArrayToGCHandle = null;
 }
 this.pbArrayToArray = null;
 base.Dispose(disposing);
 }
 // Pass a delegate to this method for "gpc_vertex_calloc_fn". Don't forget to use GC.KeepAlive() on the delegate!
 public IntPtr AllocateArray(int count)
 {
 T[] array = new T[count];
 GCHandle gcHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(array, GCHandleType.Pinned);
 IntPtr pbArray = gcHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject();
 this.pbArrayToArray.Add(pbArray, array);
 this.pbArrayToGCHandle.Add(pbArray, gcHandle);
 return pbArray;
 }
 // This is what you would use instead of, e.g. Marshal.Copy()
 public T[] GetManagedArray(IntPtr pbArray)
 {
 return this.pbArrayToArray[pbArray];
 }
 }
("Disposable" is a base class which implements, you guessed it, IDisposable, while also ensuring that Dispose(bool) never gets called more than once. This is important for other places where thread safety is very important. This class is specifically not thread safe, but it should be reasonably easy to make it so.)


Friendly Robots
 - By Susan K. Lewis
 - Posted 11.01.06
 - NOVA scienceNOW
As a designer of sociable robots, MIT engineer Cynthia Breazeal thinks about her creations in terms of hearts and minds as well as nuts and bolts. In this slide show, Breazeal introduces us to Kismet and other emotionally appealing robots, and she compares "raising" robots to teaching children.
Launch Interactive
Engineer Cynthia Breazeal talks about some of her favorite non-human companions in this audio slide show.
Friendly Robots
Posted: November 1, 2006
Section 1 - Robot Emotion
[Audio: child interacting with robot]
CYNTHIA BREAZEAL: There's something special, I think, about robots. They kind of cross that boundary from the device to the animate world I think more than any other technology we've really been exposed to yet.
So I think we really have to, as designers of these systems, recognize that, embrace it, stop being surprised by it, but really think hard and deeply about what does it really mean to design a robot that understands and interacts and treats people as people? Because there's really no technology that does that yet. How do you build a machine to be socially and emotionally intelligent in the way that people, or at least animals, are?
The question for the robot is not, "are robots going to have human emotions or dog emotions", because they're never going to be humans or dogs, but "what is a robot emotion in that we would find it to be genuine and authentic the same way that we ascribe genuine emotions to dogs and other animals." That's the deeper question.
If you look at movies and science fiction, of course people are very readily willing to ascribe, authentic emotional states to the sort of robots that you see on the screen like R2D2 or C3PO. They wouldn't be compelling characters if you didn't, but what happens when it's in the real world, interacting with people? If you can get those sort of interactions that really capture the sense of social and emotionally intelligent behavior, I think people will be very willing to ascribe those states to robots as well.
Section 2 - Kismet
CYNTHIA BREAZEAL: Kismet was groundbreaking because it was really the first. You know, Kismet kind of broke wide open the question of robots interacting in this very interpersonal, social, emotional way with people. For a completely autonomous robot, it was really the first of its kind.
Why did we try to pattern the robots on infants? Well, there's a number of reasons why we do that. One is simply from appreciating that when adults interact with infants and very young children, we adapt our behavior to that of the level of sophistication of the child in a way that helps the child understand us and interact with us.
We make bigger gestures; we make bigger facial expressions. We become almost cartoon-like in the way we interact with young children. It makes it easier, it turns out, for babies and very young children to extract what we're trying to communicate to them. So we leverage that in building these robots that are also very youthful in their nature because it helps simplify the perceptual problem for the robots.
And part of it is also just managing expectations, so having an adult interact with a robot that's not at your level, they kind of get the feeling of, oh, well this is just like a very, very young child.
Features that elicit the sort of nurturing response in adults are things that of course dolls and Disney characters and anime all possess. These really big eyes, kind of larger heads with respect to the body – it's basically sort of baby-like features. Beyond that then it's about behavior.
So a lot of our systems we actually don't do speech-like interactions. We tend to do more emotionally expressive interactions and focus much more on the non-verbal behavior.
[Audio: researcher interacting with Kismet]
Section 3 - The Huggable
CYNTHIA BREAZEAL: For something like the huggable, which is being designed to be this interactive Teddy bear, the goal is to make it a sort of invisible robot in that when you interact with this Teddy bear, you shouldn't think of it as a robot at all. There shouldn't be anything distracting about it in a technological sense that you often see in these robotic toys today. So there's so much that just screams, "I'm a machine, I'm a machine." We put a soft silicone skin underneath the fur so when you touch the fur you feel something that's much more sort of fleshy almost. We've put a lot of thought into the design of the mechanics and the actuators so you don't hear the gears gnashing and you don't feel the grittiness of the gears. It feels much more like muscles.
With my own children I appreciate very much how much of when I play with them and interact with them, it's a very physical, tactile process. I sit them on my lap, I'm stroking their hair, you know, it's not just verbal or visual. It's extremely tactile.
So how do you design a robot that can understand that emotional and communicative intent behind the way you touch it? The way the bear understands, as you hold it, the relationship of its body to yours—am I holding it this way, am I sitting it on my lap, is it facing me, is it not facing me, and always kind of appreciating where its body is in relation to my own. So this physical, visceral, full-body interaction is really what that project is about.
If you were to design a learning companion for a child, being able to take a Teddy bear like this and sit it on your lap and you can discover things together and it can look to you as if something, you know, cool happened. What we really want are these sort of robotic companions that really nurture the child's curiosity and exploration and have it be a very sharing-oriented interaction where you're really encouraging the child to use their imagination.
Section 4 - Raising Robots
CYNTHIA BREAZEAL: We always have wanted to say we're building these social robots to bring benefit to people's lives. Once you can actually get them to people's lives then you can really try to learn from those interactions, improve the technology. There's so much we still have yet to learn about how people are going to interact with these robots over really long term. Nobody's really done that yet.
How do we and other animals, how are we able to really learn from each other? How do you design robots that anyone could actually teach? If you want to design robots that anyone can interact with and anyone can teach, there's a really profound question about, "what is that going to be like?" Today, if you look at the way machines are trained or taught, it's by a specialist who labels extensive data sets or sets these robots in these sort of extensive training regimens that are not realistic at all for the real world, for what grandma or little Sally is going to do if they want to teach their robot.
When I'm with my children they have my complete, undivided attention. The amount of the parental investment, so to speak. You can't really appreciate it, I think, until you have children of your own.
If we're going to take learning seriously in machines, we're going to have to take experience seriously in machines, and how do you get the sort of long-term, rich, human-like experience into these machines? Well, they might have to be raised in this sort of environment. So it's a huge investment, yeah.
[Audio: children playing and laughing]
Section 5 - Human-Robot Friendship
CYNTHIA BREAZEAL: Do people really want robots that look like human beings? I think clearly in Japan where a lot of this work is being done, their culture doesn't have a problem with that. In the United States and in western cultures I think people would be averse to that idea. I don't really see the sense in doing that because robots are not human, they're never going to be human. They should be valued for what they are in their own distinct capabilities.
So can a robot ever be a friend to a human? Well, I mean, I guess the question is what do you mean by that? So is your dog your friend? Is your pet lizard your friend? What is the nature of that relationship? People definitely have emotionally kind of rewarding relationships with entities that are not human.
So yes. I mean, the short answer is yes. I think that it will be possible to have kind of human-robot friendships eventually, but I think robots are not going to be like humans, and I don't think they're going to be exactly like animals, but I think we're going to be able to kind of take lessons from both kinds of relationships and try to craft this sort of new relationship, the human-robot relationship so to speak. And that's – we have a lot to learn about that still.
Produced by
Susan K. Lewis
Edited by
David Levin
Emotion images
(child with Kismet, Kismet making faces)
Courtesy MIT
(Leonardo images)
Â© NOVA/WGBH Educational Foundation
(scene from Star Wars)
Â© Twentieth Century Fox
Kismet images
(Kismet and Cynthia Breazeal)
Courtesy Donna Coveney/MIT
(Breazeal with son)
Â© NOVA/WGBH Educational Foundation
(man with Kismet, woman with Kismet)
Courtesy MIT
(Disney store)
Â© James Leynse/CORBIS
Hugg


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Tech Articles
How Flight Works: The Technical Perspective
How Flight transfers data to or from cloud object storage
Signiant Flight performs simple point-in-time mirroring, or one-way file synchronization. It can execute both uploads to the cloud (on-premises storage is the source, cloud object storage is the destination) and downloads from the cloud (cloud object storage is the source, on-premises storage is the destination).
The basic sync paradigm is that when a new file appears at the source, it is copied to the destination. If the file already exists at the destination (same name, size, and modified time/date), it is not transferred. If a different file with the same name exists at the destination, it will be overwritten with the source file.
Operationally, this means that when files are modified at the source, the destination files will be automatically updated when the transfer command is executed. Functionality is included for transferring individual files (which can be renamed upon transfer), multiple files, and an entire directory structure.
To provide maximum performance and flexibility, instances of the Flight server software are running in a number of different locations around the world for both AWS and Microsoft Azure. Maximum speed is achieved by ensuring that the Signiant cloud servers are located as close as possible to the customer's cloud storage tenancy.
It is important to note that transfer speed is optimized by using the Signiant SaaS Transfer Server instances closest to the cloud side of the transfer, not the on-premises side. The Signiant protocol will address any latency issues between on-premises storage and the cloud data center, so there's no need to minimize that network distance. The goal is to configure the Flight system so that data lands on a Signiant server in the same region as the cloud storage tenancy, making the final multi-stream HTTPS hop as short as possible.
The Flight utility
The Flight utility provides IT professionals with the ability to choose which cloud transfer server is used, allowing for trade-offs in system design. The domain name associated with the target Flight server (actually a set of load-balanced auto-scaling servers) is specified in the transfer command.
A list of server domains is available on the Signiant Support website, and for optimal performance the server domain in the same region as the target cloud storage should be specified — for example US West for Amazon. Additional domain names with less geographic specificity can be defined for use in the event that the primary servers aren't available.
For example, if the second server domain is set to US Amazon, servers elsewhere in the US will be used if US West is unavailable. There is also the option of using a global domain name, which via DNS will resolve using geolocation to the set of currently available servers closest to the client side of the transfer — thereby providing redundancy at the expense of transfer speed.
The ability to choose an optimal Flight server, combined with the fact that Signiant technology removes the problem of distance-related latency, provides customers with significant flexibility in the design of global cloud systems. For example, a customer in Latin America might choose to buy cloud storage located in the U.S. where it is much less expensive — and Flight will ensure that upload performance doesn't suffer. An American company might want to locate sensitive European customer data in a cloud data center that is within the EU, and again Flight will ensure that access times are not negatively impacted by this strategy.
The functionality noted above is all executed via CLI commands on the client side. Customers can have as many instances of client-side software deployed around the world as they wish, and each client can be separately configured for transfer details and server location. For a central view of their Flight deployment, customers have access to a web-based console as illustrated below. This console allows for configuration of system-wide elements such as storage accounts and keys, and provides detailed insight into utilization.
Flight's System Architecture
The core Signiant file movement protocol can transfer large data sets between the storage on the customer's network and the cloud up to 200x faster than mechanisms such as FTP or other TCP-based approaches. But in addition to acceleration, Flight also provides other cloud-specific features to increase the speed of data movement into and out of cloud object storage.
In order to achieve end-to-end accelerated transfers into cloud object storage, the data must be moved in two pipelined stages.
It is first transferred via the Signiant acceleration protocol from the on-premises location to a server in the cloud data center, and once in the cloud it is split apart and written to object storage via multiple parallel HTTPS streams. This two-stage transfer process must be carefully orchestrated in order to achieve maximum speed.
A full Flight deployment is shown in the system architecture diagram below.
The part of the architecture where the actual movement of the data occurs, via the pipelined mechanism as described above, can be referred to as the 'data plane' or 'data layer'. In the diagram below, the green section and the lower blue section constitute the data plane, where the data moves from the customer's on-premises storage into cloud object storage.
Signiant file transfer software is required at both ends to handle the data movement. Flight client-side software is installed by the customer on a server at the on-premises end of the transfer. This client software is CLI-controlled, and can be used either stand-alone or in conjunction with pre-built Upload and Download workflow components for Signiant's Manager+Agents.
At the cloud end of the transfer, in the center blue section of the diagram above, no customer involvement is needed — there's no software to deploy or VMs to procure and manage. A key part of Flight's differentiated value is the fact that the cloud compute resource and server-side software in the data plane are delivered by Signiant as a SaaS offering.
Flight customers are provided with access to Signiant's patented multi-tenant, cloud-native SaaS, which provides the data transfer in a highly available, load balanced, auto-scaling manner. At periods of peak utilization, more servers will automatically spin up to accommodate the extra load, spinning down again when traffic decreases. Throughput will never be reduced due to high customer traffic, and there is no extra charge for an increase in the number of transfer servers managing the data movement.
The blue section at the top of the diagram represents the last part of the Flight architecture, the functionality that orchestrates the entire system and can be referred to as the 'control plane' or 'control layer'. This, too, is a multi-tenant, cloud-native SaaS operated by Signiant on behalf of their customers. Via the Internet connections shown by the blue lines, this part of the system serves the web interface for the management console, coordinates the transfers themselves, and collects data for billing and tracking purposes.
In summary, a Flight deployment is a complex, distributed system — but most of the complexity is abstracted away from the customer by Signiant. Both the control plane SaaS and the data plane SaaS for Flight are fully-managed solutions where all the backend technical tasks such as load balancing, redundancy and failover, server management, and software upgrades are administered by Signiant.


Pattern Matching Proposal
Bring the power of Rust, F#, Elixir, Erlang and Scala pattern matching to JavaScript!
If you're coming from a functional programming language such as Elixir, Haskell or ReasonML, you may know how frustrating is to switch to a language which does not support pattern matching natively.
Once you start to approach problem using pattern matching, you'll never go back to the messy if/else if/ else statements!
Let's see what I'm talking about, coding the famous FizzBuzz interview question in both ReasonML and plain JavaScript:
let fizzBuzz = (i: int): string =>
 switch (i mod 3, i mod 5) {
 | (0, 0) => "FizzBuzz"
 | (0, _) => "Fizz"
 | (_, 0) => "Buzz"
 | (_, _) => string_of_int(i)
for (i in 1 to 100) {
 fizzBuzz(i) |> Js.log
So as you can see in the ReasonML implementation above, we're using a switch statement which pattern matches agains a tuple, returning the desired output on specific conditions. I'll explain for you how does it work, just in case you're not familiar with ReasonML:
 - On line 1, we define a new function which takes an integer i as a parameter and returns a string. Pretty similar to TypeScript, isn't it?
 - On line 2 we declare a switch statement, which works similarly to the JavaScript switch. In that case, we're switching against a tuple, which is a ReasonML immutable, ordered and fix-sized data structure that contains two integers: the result of i % 3 and the result of i % 5. (mod stays for the modulo operator).
 - On line 3, we check if the tuple matches the declared condition, just like a JavaScript case statement. If the tuple is (0, 0) (so the number is evenly divisible by 15), we return "FizzBuzz". Otherwise we continue with the next statement.
 - On line 4, we check if the given tuple is equal to (0, _), where the underscore means "any value". So, if the given parameter i is evenly divisible just by 3, we return "Fizz", and so on with the other statements.
So, what about JavaScript? How can we implement a similar solution, given that we don't have any native pattern matching implementation?
function fizzBuzz(i) {
 const [x, y] = [(i % 3), (i % 5)];
 switch (true) {
 case (x === 0 && y === 0):
 return "FizzBuzz";
 case (x === 0):
 return "Fizz";
 case (y === 0):
 return "Buzz";
 return String(i);
for(let i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
Believe it or not, this is the closest ReasonML to JavaScript implementation I came up with! Let's break it down:
 - On line 3, we use the ES6 Destructuring Assignement in order to get an array containing just two values (x and y) where x is the result of i%3 and y is the result of i%5.
 - At time of writing, the only real alternative to pattern matching in JavaScript is the switch/case control structure, testing agains the true boolean value. So we use that switch/case to check if our value i should return FizzBuzz, Fizz and so on.
This is not the most elegant solution for the FizzBuzz challenge, but I hope that it allowed you to understand what pattern matching is and why we need it!
_TAG_ Proposal
function fizzBuzz(i) {
 case ([(i % 3), (i % 5)]) {
 when [0, 0] -> return "FizzBuzz";
 when [0, _] -> return "Fizz";
 when [_, 0] -> return "Buzz";
 when _ -> return String(i);
And here it is, the FizzBuzz solution using the Pattern Matching Proposal! It looks incredibly similar to the ReasonML solution, doesn't it? In JavaScript we don't have tuples, so we still use arrays, but look at the code: we don't even need to destructure our array and get x and y values! Just like in ReasonML, OCaml, Elixir etc, we use the underscore as a "catch-all" character.
 - On line 3 we define our new case statement, which accepts any kind of value as argument. In that case, we pass in just an array with two integers.
 - On line 4, we check if the array we previously passed to the case statement is equal to [0, 0]. If that is the case, we return "FizzBuzz".
 - On line 5, we check if the first element of our array is equal to 0. We don't mind about the second element, which can be literally anything. Same for the next cases.
_TAG_ Fetching
async function getData() {
 const response = await fetch("https//");
 case (response) {
 when { status: 200 } -> return "Data successfully fetched!";
 when { status: 404 } -> return "Endpoint not found!";
 when { status } if (status >= 400) -> {
 return "We got an error while fetching data"
(async () => console.log(await getData()))();
Let's pretend we need to call a REST API service, and we need to check the response status code. It's a perfect task for our new pattern matching friend! We can pattern match against our fetch response and return the informations we need.
_TAG_ and JSX
 props => case (props) {
 when { loading } ->
 when { error } ->
 when { data } ->
 when _ -> throw new Error('bad match')
Mixing the newest case control structure with JSX is really an amazing way to explore its potential. It really helps loading the right component and adds an extra layer of safety thanks to the _ (catch-all) char! With it, you can both throw a new error, or load a "generic-error-component" without causing runtime exceptions.
_TAG_ Pattern Matching Today
At time of writing (May 2019), the Pattern Matching proposal is in stage-1, so you can use it thanks to Babel!


By Hana Namrouqa
AMMAN – Conservationists on Sunday called on the public to report to the authorities any individuals emptying materials into the Gulf of Aqaba, following the discovery of dead fish in the Red Sea.
On September 5, Royal Marine Conservation Society of Jordan (JREDS) teams recorded several dead fish floating in the Gulf of Aqaba, JREDS Executive Director Fadi Sharaiha said yesterday, noting that samples were sent to labs to identify the cause of death.
"Lab tests indicated that the fish were poisoned by a chemical substance," Sharaiha told The Jordan Times over the phone yesterday.
He noted that the society informed the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA) for further investigation as a precautionary measure, noting that the incident was the second registered case since the beginning of the year.
Sharaiha speculated that the poisoning was either due to a person illegally dumping chemical substances into the sea or a fisherman's botched attempt to sedate the fish.
"We urge people to contact authorities about any individual dumping substances into the seaة preserving marine life is a joint responsibility," Sharaiha highlighted.
Meanwhile, ASEZA Environment Commissioner Salim Moghrabi confirmed the incident, but stressed that the number of dead fish was "very limited" and refuted speculation that fishermen sedated the fish.
"Fishermen in the Gulf of Aqaba are law-abiding and they use legal and traditional ways to catch fish. ASEZA carries out strict and systematic monitoring of the beaches as well as meat and fish sold at markets," Moghrabi told The Jordan Times over the phone yesterday.
He noted that authorities have not received any health-related complaints regarding fish unfit for human consumption.
The environment commissioner said he suspected that the death of the "limited number of fish" was caused by people who illegally use chemical substances to sedate tropical fish living in the coral reefs to catch and sell them as pets on the black market.
Reputed for having one of the world's most unique coral reef systems, Aqaba's Red Sea waters are a prime attraction for both tourists and divers.
Some of the underwater treasures include around 127 species of hard coral and 300 kinds of soft coral, and thousands of plants and animals that have coexisted in the gulf for hundreds of years.


text:
Eating with your family at a Family Restaurant Laurel MS is a time to share a quality time together while you eat. Depending on numerous factors such as the age of your children and the place you dine at, it can be challenging to get through a meal without some sort of commotion. To have a peaceful meal at a restaurant with your family, use the following suggestions.
There are many types of restaurants. The one you visit can influence how your children behave. A fast-food restaurant can provide you with more entertainment, faster service, and other children to occupy your child's attention. It's not advisable to take toddlers to an upscale restaurant until they have gotten used to eating out more often. Until your child is old enough to handle a mature restaurant, choose ones that are family-friendly, have high chairs and offer a kid's menu. Some restaurants offer live entertainment for children such as clowns and live music. This can help distract your child when in case he gets in a foul mood during a meal.
If you have toddlers, avoid taking them out to each when they are tired. Choose a time other than their naptime. Interrupting a toddler's routine can make your meal a burden to bear. When you do take small children out, be prepared to leave the table or even the restaurant if they get tired. Don't inconvenience other patrons by ignoring your child's tantrums or cries. Instead, have toys for your child to play with. If your child has a favorite cup or dish, bring it to the restaurant. Many eating establishments will happily allow you to use these to keep your child content.
Practice good table manners at home. If your child does disobeys a rule, remove him from the table. Be firm with your rules and consequences so your child will know you are serious about manners when eating out. This will help your child know how to act when you take him out.
Sticking to your child's routine, eating at the appropriate restaurant at the right time of day, and keeping your child occupied will help you enjoy a Family Restaurant Laurel MS with your loved ones. For more information on dining services, please contact an employee with Cotton Blues. This restaurant offers many features such as blue plate specials, lunch specials, and live entertainment.
1 person likes this post.


text:
Wedding photographer in Agropoli
The wedding photography service in the ancient seaside city
The wedding photographer in Agropoli has an immense choice of views, monuments, and characteristic corners that the scenery offers. The castle, standing on the promontory, almost blending in with the old town; the entrance gate to the historic center, which every summer sees thousands of tourists fascinated by the fantastic view from above.
The history of Agropoli has often intertwined with that of nearby Paestum and the entire Cilento area. Since ancient Greece, Agropoli was probably a port for the neighboring Greek city. It was fiercely contested by the populations of the time, who also built fortifications to launch their attacks. During the Middle Ages, it came under the control of the Church. It subsequently passed into the possession of different noble families before becoming part of the Kingdom of Italy. The long history of Agropoli is evidenced by its rich architectural presence, such as the Castle of Agropoli. A characteristic feature of the old town is the staircase that leads to the historic center of Agropoli, which requires passing under a fortified gate. From here, you can enjoy a breathtaking view of the city's gulf.


text:
Documentation for all Digi products
Receive answers from the community
Articles covering common questions
Read, watch and learn about M2M/IoT
Training, webinars and industry events
Hardware and software innovations
Collection of XBee projects
Covering industry news and trends
Library of tours and technical tips
Repository for Digi codes examples
Upgrade for premium services
Development, consulting and training
Digi base, expert or professional services
Drivers, documentation and firmware
Greater sensitivity = longer range
Range is an important requirement for most any RF application. Long range achieved through greater receiver sensitivity is an envied position among RF product manufacturers. Extended range achieved in this fashion provides an excellent cost benefit to the customer. Digi achieves its long range with proprietary modulation and demodulation techniques coupled with one with of the best receiver sensitivity specifications in the market.
Receiver sensitivity is the lowest power level at which the receiver can detect an RF signal and demodulate data. Sensitivity is purely a receiver specification and is independent of the transmitter. As the signal propagates away from the transmitter, the power density of the signal decreases, making it more difficult for a receiver to detect the signal as the distance increases. Improving the sensitivity on the receiver (making it more negative) will allow the radio to detect weaker signals, and can dramatically increase the transmission range. Sensitivity is vitally important in the decision making process since even slight differences in sensitivity can account for large variations in the range. To better understand this relationship, the following example is provided.
Compare the Digi 9XStream radio (with -110 dBm sensitivity) to a commercial radio receiver with a sensitivity of -90 dBm. The Friis transmission formula can be used to calculate received power (or signal strength) at any receiver location under line-of-sight conditions. This formula is given by:
P R = [P T G T G R? 2 ] / [F S (4pr) 2 ]
P R = received power
P T = transmitted power
G T = gain of transmit antenna
G R = gain of receive antenna
F S = losses due to multipath, obstacles, etc.
? = wavelength
p = pi
r = distance between transmitter and receiver
The following values were used to compare the range limitations of these radios:
P T =100 mW
G T and G R =2 dB, or 1.585
F S = 21 dB, or 125.89 (experimentally determined)
? = 0.333 meters
The table below demonstrates the power received at the receiver over the specified range between the TX and RX antennas, assuming line-of-sight conditions.
Since the range doubles every -6 dB in line-of-sight conditions (-12 dB in urban environments), the 18 dB sensitivity difference in modules corresponds to 23= 8 times the range using the Digi wireless module!
In similar fashion, Digi wireless modules offer 32 times the range of -80 dBm modules and over 100 times the range of -70 dBm modules!


]> XkbChangeTypesOfKey
XkbChangeTypesOfKey − Change the number of groups and the types bound to a key
Status XkbChangeTypesOfKey
(XkbDescPtr xkb, int key, int n_groups,
unsigned int groups, int *new_types_in, XkbMapChangesPtr p_changes);
− xkb
keyboard description to be changed
− key
keycode for key of interest
− n_groups
new number of groups for key
− groups
mask indicating groups to change
− new_types_in
indices for new groups specified in groups
− p_changes
notes changes made to xkb
XkbChangeTypesOfKey reallocates the symbols and actions bound to the key, if necessary, and initializes any new symbols or actions to NoSymbol or NoAction, as appropriate. If the p_changes parameter is not NULL, XkbChangeTypesOfKey adds the XkbKeySymsMask to the changes field of p_changes and modifies the first_key_sym and num_key_syms fields of p_changes to include the key that was changed. See STRUCTURE for more information on the XkbMapChangesPtr structure. If successful, XkbChangeTypesOfKey returns Success.
The n_groups parameter specifies the new number of groups for the key. The groups parameter is a mask specifying the groups for which new types are supplied and is a bitwise inclusive OR of the following masks: XkbGroup1Mask, XkbGroup2Mask, XkbGroup3Mask, and XkbGroup4Mask.
The new_types_in parameter is an integer array of length n_groups. Each entry represents the type to use for the associated group and is an index into xkb->map->types. The new_types_in array is indexed by group index; if n_groups is four and groups only has Group1Mask and Group3Mask set, new_types_in looks like this:
new_types_in[0] = type for Group1
new_types_in[1] = ignored
new_types_in[2] = type for Group3
new_types_in[3] = ignored
For convenience, Xkb provides the following constants to use as indices to the groups:
Image grohtml-186331.png
If the Xkb extension has not been properly initialized, XkbChangeTypesOfKey returns BadAccess. If the xkb parameter it not valid (that is, it is NULL or it does not contain a valid client map), XkbChangeTypesOfKey returns BadMatch. If the key is not a valid keycode, n_groups is greater than XkbNumKbdGroups, or the groups mask does not contain any of the valid group mask bits, XkbChangeTypesOfKey returns BadValue. If it is necessary to resize the key symbols or key actions arrays and any allocation errors occur, XkbChangeTypesOfKey returns BadAlloc.
typedef struct _XkbMapChanges {
unsigned short changed; /∗ identifies valid components in
structure */
KeyCode min_key_code; /∗ lowest numbered keycode for device
KeyCode max_key_code; /∗ highest numbered keycode for device
unsigned char num_types; /∗ # types modified */
KeyCode first_key_sym; /∗ first key whose key_sym_map changed
unsigned char num_key_syms; /∗ # key_sym_map entries changed */
KeyCode first_key_act; /∗ first key whose key_acts entry
changed */
unsigned char num_key_acts; /∗ # key_acts entries changed */
KeyCode first_key_behavior; /∗ first key whose behaviors changed */
unsigned char num_key_behaviors; /∗ # behaviors entries changed */
KeyCode first_key_explicit; /∗ first key whose explicit entry
changed */
unsigned char num_key_explicit; /∗ # explicit entries changed */
KeyCode first_modmap_key; /∗ first key whose modmap entry changed
unsigned char num_modmap_keys; /∗ # modmap entries changed */
KeyCode first_vmodmap_key; /∗ first key whose vmodmap changed */
unsigned char num_vmodmap_keys; /∗ # vmodmap entries changed */
unsigned char pad1; /∗ reserved */
unsigned short vmods; /∗ mask indicating which vmods changed
} XkbMapChangesRec,*XkbMapChangesPtr;
The Xkb extension has not been properly initialized
Unable to allocate storage
An argument is out of range


Former Student Raises $27,000 For Substitute Former Teacher Living In A Car After The Pandemic Hit him Hard.
A former student rescued his kind substitute teacher who was living in a car due to his declining financial situation mostly after the pandemic gulped his job as a teacher. The student setup a GoFundMe page, and have him as a present a check of $27,000 on his birthday.
The pandemic has given us all quite a hard time when it hit last year. Many people went from poor circumstances to the worst where they couldn't even survive.
The same happened with substitute teacher José Villaruel who found himself out of work as lessons went online. The consequences were catastrophic for the teacher who already was having a tough time managing his finances and most of all, he had been using his income to send to his sick wife and children living in Mexico.
In fact, he had been living out of his car for quite a time so he could send his family the money they needed. Now, with no job, Villaruel was living off his Social Security check, most of which he sent to his loved ones.
But when a former student, Steven Nava, saw his teacher in a parking lot at 5 a.m. on the way to work, he was shocked. After plucking up the courage, he approached his old teacher and asked about his circumstances. When Villaruel explained his struggles, the 21-year-old felt compelled to help. Nava realized it was time to say him a Thank-you for the effort he put in his students.
Villaruel's response encouraged Nava to help him further, and he promised the teacher he'd do whatever it took to get him out of his predicament.
Nava set up a GoFundMe page and the donations quickly mounted up to $27,000. So along with some other former students, Nava successfully was able to help his teacher with whom he had a great time in the past. And remembering how he was so caring and kind, Nava was pleased to help him with all his heart.
Nava with some other students presented the check to the delighted teacher on his 77th birthday. Villarreal was so moved that he hugged him and thanked him for the effort he made to help him all along.
Article and image source: Diply
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Tuesday, February 27, 2007
Charles Anthony Brigade retrained: LTTE planning major assault in jaffna
The Charles Anthony brigade, which is one of the oldest and a highly trained infantry units of the LTTE, has been recalled to Wanni for a sudden training exercise. It was deployed in the forward defence lines in Muhamalai and Kilali to prevent a possible military offensive into the LTTE held region.
Charles Anthony brigade is the main fighting formation of the LTTE. Military intelligence sources reveal that increased forced recruitments and this sudden military training exercises are indications that LTTE is planning a major offensive into the Army held Jaffna peninsula while the military is focus is on the eastern province. Increased LTTE violence in Vavuniya is speculated to be a diversionary tactic as well.
Related information
The LTTE launched a similar major offensive to capture Jaffna town in last August. Waves of LTTE fighters attacked the army FDLs at Muhamalai and Kilali. At the same time LTTE shelled Palaly military base and Trincomalee naval base, effectively cutting all supply routes to the northern peninsula. During the first day, the LTTE had advanced 800m into army held area, overruning 15 bunkers. Foreign military analysts and media agents were counting down to witness the surrendering of 40000 troopes trapped in the peninsula. However with an unexpected twist, army's elite 53rd division attacked the advancing tigers in three directions, boxing them in to the very same area they though they conquered. When the first and second waves failed, LTTE tried to land reinforcement through the Kilali lagoon. Susei (Codename Oska Sera)'s sea tiger units attempted an amphibious assault on Kilali defence lines but the landing party was met by a deadly MBRL rocket strike directed as per intelligence information. Meanwhile LTTE was sending infantry units to enagage the 53rd division units head on but they were unable to penetrate the FDL. The LTTE units who were engaged in the offensive were repeatedly asking for permission to withdraw (intercepted communication) but the LTTE command was determined to continue the offensive. By the next day, more than 350 bodies of fallen tigers were scattered in front of the defence lines. It's reported that more than 500 LTTE members died on this offensive and an equal number were injured. The army regained lost ground and after several weeks, advanced one 1km into rebel held area and captured LTTE's first bunker line.
1 comment:
 1. DN
 In your postings u mentioned, LTTE were failed to break the SLA's defence lines but LTTE have successfully landed in Mandativu and and destroyed the base and capture some weapons and the withdraw from there....
 If they are able to land in Mandativu and capture its not hard to get in to the Jafna town or Jafna fortress...they can easily come in to the town by using the PANNAI Bridge..


text:
Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality is modernizing the urban traffic in Kocaeli with the identity of "Innovation in Transportation" with human-oriented, environmentally friendly and sustainable technological investments. Modern applications such as signaling, guardrail construction, horizontal and vertical marking application, information screens, smart traffic signs, radar speed sensors are implemented within the scope of traffic safety equipment improvement efforts.
WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SAFE SYSTEM APPROACH
The Metropolitan Municipality continues its efforts to strengthen the existing sensitivity to comply with traffic rules, to create safer roads, safer marking and signaling systems, and safer and functional speed limits. Within the framework of the safe system approach of all services regarding traffic safety, comprehensive policies and measures are produced and implemented with the awareness of corporate responsibility. Efforts carried out to make Kocaeli an exemplary city in this field in our country are being continued effectively and continuously.
SAFER SYSTEMS FOR PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE
Pedestrian and cycling mobility leads to a healthier lifestyle, has positive results in terms of physical, mental and mental health, and helps to reduce the pressure on our country's health system in later ages. In parallel with this, the Metropolitan Municipality is putting into use systems that will make people living in Kocaeli feel safe while walking or cycling.
Increasing traffic safety also supports environmental sustainability. Preferring mobility as pedestrian and cyclist contributes to reducing emissions, reducing noise levels and improving air quality. In this context, the Metropolitan Municipality strives to minimize the city's impact from vehicle emissions, thanks to signaling systems designed in accordance with traffic safety principles.
FULLY ADAPTIVE INTERCHANGE PROJECT
Within the scope of traffic safety, the Metropolitan Municipality provided the establishment of a dynamic intersection control system based on vehicle density at our 2 signalized intersections on the Seka Tunnel. In this way, the density values collected on image-based basis from the directions connected to the intersections were evaluated by dynamic intersection management algorithms, and the intersection was managed adaptively in the light of instantaneous density data. In this way, the performance of the intersections increased by 18 percent on average, 1,7 tons of fuel was saved on a monthly basis, and 3,2 tons of less carbon emissions per month were achieved.
NEW SIGNALIZED SYSTEM INVESTMENTS IN CAYIROVA, GULF, KARTEPE, IZMIT
On the other hand, signalized system investments for traffic safety were implemented throughout Kocaeli. Çayırova Akse Mahallesi Rahmi Dibek Cad. The traffic road safety element hazard warning warning flasher system on the road safety element hazard warning flasher system on Nihal Atsız Street and Alpaslan Boulevard between Körfez Hacıosman Mahallesi and İlimtepe Mahallesi, Kartepe Fatih Sultan Mehmet Mahallesi. Democracy Cad. Signaling for the purpose of ensuring road safety for pedestrians and auto drivers at the intersection of Uluışık Street and Uluışık Street, a signaling facility in front of 30 August Primary School on 30 August Boulevard in Izmit Ayazma Mahallesi, Malta Maalesi, to ensure road safety for pedestrians, auto and cyclists. In Piotr Wilcynski Boulevard, the additional hazard warning warning flasher system for the traffic road safety element, and the push button signal facility in front of Kuruçeşme Fatih Mahallesi Kılıçarslan Secondary School to ensure the safety of school students were completed and commissioned.
Günceleme: 08/08/2021 11:37


Artificial Intelligence

A Simple Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rule
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert
One proposes a first alternative rule of combination to WAO (Weighted Average Operator) proposed recently by Josang, Daniel and Vannoorenberghe, called Proportional Conflict Redistribution rule (denoted PCR1). PCR1 and WAO are particular cases of WO (the Weighted Operator) because the conflicting mass is redistributed with respect to some weighting factors. In this first PCR rule, the proportionalization is done for each non-empty set with respect to the non-zero sum of its corresponding mass matrix - instead of its mass column average as in WAO, but the results are the same as Ph. Smets has pointed out. Also, we extend WAO (which herein gives no solution) for the degenerate case when all column sums of all non-empty sets are zero, and then the conflicting mass is transferred to the non-empty disjunctive form of all non-empty sets together; but if this disjunctive form happens to be empty, then one considers an open world (i.e. the frame of discernment might contain new hypotheses) and thus all conflicting mass is transferred to the empty set. In addition to WAO, we propose a general formula for PCR1 (WAO for non-degenerate cases). Several numerical examples and comparisons with other rules for combination of evidence published in literature are presented too. Another distinction between these alternative rules is that WAO is defined on the power set, while PCR1 is on the hyper-power set (Dedekind's lattice). A nice feature of PCR1, is that it works not only on non-degenerate cases but also on degenerate cases as well appearing in dynamic fusion, while WAO gives the sum of masses in this cases less than 1 (WAO does not work in these cases). Meanwhile we show that PCR1 and WAO do not preserve unfortunately the neutrality property of the vacuous belief assignment though the fusion process. This severe drawback can however be easily circumvented by new PCR rules presented in a companion paper.
Comments: 21 pages
Download: PDF
Submission history
[v1] 8 Mar 2010
Unique-IP document downloads: 157 times
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text:
10 Most Influential Female Nurses of All Time
July 29, 2008
Nurses impact lives every day. But once in a while, a nurse comes along who touches the lives of the world, and not just her patients. These women went above and beyond for the field of nursing. They served in wars, broke down racial barriers, and campaigned for women's rights. They have become role models for women everywhere, not just nurses. However, nurses can be especially proud to share a title with these 10 ladies.
8. Mabel Keaton Staupers
Mabel Keaton Staupers
Mabel Keaton Staupers was an advocate for racial equality in the field of nursing. Staupers served as the secretary of the National Associated of Graduate Colored Nurses. She advocated for the introduction of African-American nurses into the Army and Navy during WWII.
In 1945, she won the fight and all nurses, regardless of race, were to be included in the military. In 1950, Staupers dissolved the NAGCN as it re-aligned with the American Nursing Association.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Game Type: Group game
Age: All ages
Number of Teams: 0
Playing Area: large indoor space or outdoor
Equipment or Supplies: Fruit or pictures of fruit
Object of Game: To stay out of the middle.
HOW TO PLAY FRUIT BASKET TURNOVER:
Each member of the group will pick a fruit. There can be no repeats. For the remainder of the game, that person will be known for his/her fruit. One student will go in the middle. Someone in the middle will start the game. The person in the middle will try to tag the fruit that was called upon before they can call on someone else. If they do, the tagged student will switch places with him.
STEP BY STEP DIRECTIONS:
- All students will sit in a circle. Going around the circle, each student will pick a fruit.
- One student will go into the center.
- The play will start with the youngest student. The student will begin by saying the name of their fruit, then someone else's fruit. (EX, if the student is "Watermelon", she might say, "Watermelon Kiwi.")
- The person she called on will then have to call someone else's fruit. (EX. "Kiwi Orange". Now it's orange's turn).
- The person in the middle will try to tag one of the players before he/she can call on another fruit.
- If she does, the two players switch places. The person that was in the middle starts the game.
FRUIT BASKET TURNOVER is a fun game to be playing while teaching about the importance of spiritual fruits. Below are a few examples
- Matthew 7:15-20 – Jesus teaches that people know You by your fruit
- Galatians 5:22-23 – The fruit of the Spirit