text:
Sociology of Depression - Effects of CultureRashmi Nemade, Ph.D., edited by Kathryn Patricelli, MA
Sociologists study how people get along together in groups. They study culture, social groups and how they affect individuals. The sociology of depression looks at the cultural context in which people live. It also looks at the social stresses that people encounter as a part of life. The sociological aspects of depression are both influenced by and also influence the other biological and psychological aspects of people's lives.
The Effects of Culture
Culture and the ethnic group that people come from are important aspects of health and illness. A new branch of medicine, known as ethnomedicine, focuses on the role of culture, perception, and context in shaping someone's physical and mental health.
Previously, it was thought that depression primarily affected people in developed "Western" nations and that other cultures did not suffer from this condition. Ethnomedical studies suggest that this idea may have more to do cultural perceptions of what symptoms become labeled as a depressive disorder. It also has to do with how occurrences of depression are recorded for statistical purposes and how depression is thought of within particular cultures.
For example, in India, a wide range of distress disorders are categorized as depressive disorders. But in Japan, the very idea of mental illness is unacceptable and few people will admit to having it. Without knowing this, someone might conclude that Indian people have very high rates of depression. They might also think that people from Japan rarely develop this condition. Even within the United States, the numbers of people experiencing depressive disorders can be influenced by cultural context. For example, black women have lower rates of depression than white women. In addition, recent immigrants to the U.S. tend to have lower rates of depression than others who are presumably more "Western" in attitudes and behavior.
Ethnomedical research suggests that cultural differences in focusing on oneself and one's place within the social group are linked to the amount of depression that occurs. Some of this difference comes from the individualistic vs. collectivistic orientation of a particular culture. In Western cultures, individuals are ideally viewed as independent, separate people striving for individual achievement and success. In contrast, other cultures view the family or society as being of more importance than the individual. Many times, personal happiness is sacrificed for the good of the larger group in such cultures. Very little thought is given to particular individuals within such cultures. For example, in traditional Asian cultures it is common for one member of the family to work hard and share a paycheck with the entire extended family. Some authors suggest that because people from collectivistic cultures are not encouraged to place much importance on personal gratification, they do not spend time feeling frustrated about their failure to achieve personal success. As a result, the lack of focus on the self can lead to a decrease or absence of the development of depressive disorders.
Our rules about our specific responsibilities and obligations (to ourselves, to others, and to the institutions we live with) are also shaped by our culture. For example, a person who comes from a culture where family obligations are demanding and required may feel restricted, powerless and limited. On the other hand, a person from the same culture may view family obligations as a way to feel needed, useful and competent. Feelings and thoughts concerning powerlessness and usefulness shape people's self-concept and mood.
Some cultures have rigid gender roles that define expected behavior. Men's lives exist primarily outside the home, while women's roles are specifically in the home. In these cultures, women may not even leave their homes unless escorted by a male family member and men may never enter the kitchen. If someone from this type of culture encounters a social stressor which forces a change in roles or a challenge to this typical set-up (such as the death of a spouse), this stress can cause this person to become depressed. For instance, if a husband (from a culture with rigid gender roles) loses a wife, he will not know how to care for his children's day to day needs such as feeding, bathing, etc. Similarly, if a wife loses her husband, she will not know how to provide financial support for her family and additionally, may be prevented from even trying. Both people may start to think of themselves as worthless or useless if they cannot meet the needs of their children.
Cultural identity often influences the degree to which a particular individual shows physical symptoms of depression. In other words, some cultures are more comfortable reporting depressive symptoms that are physical in nature rather than mental. For example, many Chinese people with depression complain of bodily discomfort, feelings of inner pressure, and symptoms of pain, dizziness, and fatigue. Similarly, Japanese individuals with depression often complain of stomach, headache, and neck pain symptoms. Even within Western countries where depressive disorders are more "acceptable", researchers have theorized that some chronic conditions (chronic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome) may be more physical forms of a mood disorder rather than actual physical problems. Some researchers have even suggested that fibromyalgia (a condition characterized by widespread pain, tenderness, and fatigue) should be characterized as a "depressive disorder spectrum ". At the same time, it is important to note that the depressive disorder may result from the condition of fibromyalgia.
Some cultures may view symptoms of depression as normal emotional responses to particular life events. For example, some cultures may expect the grief process to last longer than the roughly one-year period which is acceptable in the West. Individuals from these cultures might find it odd that a Western psychologist would think that two years spent mourning for a lost spouse was a sign of a mental health problem.
Still other cultures may recognize that symptoms of depression are problematic. However, the causes that they believe for these symptoms happening doesn't make sense to people from other cultures. For instance, patients may reject explanations for symptoms that are commonly acceptable to clinicians in favor of ones that are accepted within the patient's culture. For instance, a patient from China seen in a Western country might reject the idea that a chemical imbalance in the brain is causing symptoms of depression. Instead, they might accept an explanation in terms of energy flows or similar concepts drawn from traditional Chinese medicine. These patients may respond best to mental health professionals who are able to use culturally-sensitive language to describe the cause of symptoms and related suffering.
Cultural differences in help-seeking behavior may influence the treatment of depression. For example, non-Western individuals frequently use practitioners from their own culture for treatment of "illness" and Western-trained physicians for treating "disease". If emotional disturbances are not considered within the area of disease, people with depression might not seek out mental health care for depressive symptoms. It is more socially acceptable to have a depressive disorder in Western societies, and more people from these cultures are willing to seek help. In contrast, mental illness is often more stigmatized in other cultures. As a result, people and their families may deny mental illness out of shame of being identified as "crazy". Others may find the label "major depressive disorder" morally unacceptable, shameful, and meaningless. Treatment for depressive disorders may be actively resisted by someone who comes out of this sort of culture.
Cultures also vary in the degree to which they rely on or incorporate complementary and alternative medicine practices such as herbs, meditation, yoga, or other approaches into their prescribed treatments for depression. Individuals from some traditional cultures may reject Western antidepressant medications while embracing prescriptions for herbs, acupuncture or exercise.
A person's cultural background can also influence their biological makeup. People from different parts of the world have different patterns of genes and, often, different patterns of disease to which they are vulnerable. These genetic differences can influence whether people get depression when stressed. People's genetic background can also influence their response to antidepressant medications.
Suicide in Japan - Andrew Grimes JCP, JSCCP, M. Sci. Pth. - Nov 19th 2009
Western media reports on suicide and mental health care in Japan rarely get it right. I am a psychologist and psychotherapist working in Japan for over 20 years and so like all of my colleagues in the mental health care field here share with them the view that copycat suicides have a lot more to do with press and media copy than western misconceptions about relatively more group oriented societies in Asia.
I would like to put forward a perspective on some of the main reasons behind the unacceptably high suicide Japan from Japan and so will limit my comments to what I know about here in Japan but would first like to suggest that western media reports on suicide rates in Asian countries should try harder to get away from the tendency to orientalize the serious and preventable problem of increased suicide rates here over the last 10 years by reverting to stereotypical ideas of Asian people in general. People here do not wake up one day and say, "Hey, let's commit suicide today because I hear it is all the rage in Shanghai and Tokyo and the word is that even the Changs and Suzukis are doing it!" In other words Asians are real people too and not lemmings and it is more than every before the time the world wide media puts aside its mystical cliches, anciently outdated and jaded misconceptions on the hundreds of thousands of men and women who take their own lives every year in Japan and other countries throughout Asia.
Mental health professionals in Japan have long known that the reason for the unnecessarily high suicide rate in Japan is due to unemployment, bankruptcies, and the increasing levels of stress on businessmen and other salaried workers who have suffered enormous hardship in Japan since the bursting of the stock market bubble here that peaked around 1997. Until that year Japan had an annual suicide of rate figures between 22,000 and 24,000 each year. Following the bursting of the stock market and the long term


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Harvest whale
From Halopedia, the Halo wiki
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This article contains information about a non-canonical subject that, while official, is not part of the established Halo universe.
A dead alien whale on Harvest.
The Harvest whale was a marine animal native to the human colony of Harvest that was to appear in Halo Wars. It was ultimately cut from the final game. It was more eel-like in appearance than Earth whales, and was thus probably not a true whale.
History[edit]
When Harvest was glassed, the human population suffered tremendous losses, but the natural environment fared little better. The entire ecosystem was turned to a toxic environment, leading many native species to die off or be slaughtered by the open toxic air. The Harvest Whales suffered such a fate. The fate of the Harvest Whales and the other animals on the planet Harvest is unknown, though most likely most if not all the species have been rendered extinct due to the environment.


How to customize a JBoss EAP 6 / WildFly Domain using Properties
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This article shows how you can customize a JBoss EAP 6 / WildFly running in domain mode using System properties.
It is assumed, when you choose the domain mode configuration that you plan to organize an homogeneous group of servers which are grouped in a Server Group and bound to a specific Profile. Nevertheless it is quite common that each server requires one or more specific settings. For example, you might need to choose a different datasource setting on each server of your domain. Another common requirement is to use a fixed port on every server of your domain.
Let's see how to achieve both examples.
Example 1: We have the following datasource definition in our domain:
<datasource jndi-name="java:jboss/datasources/MySQLDS" pool-name="MySQLDS" enabled="true" use-java-context="true">
 <connection-url>${connection-url}</connection-url>
 <driver>mysql</driver>
 <security>
 <user-name>mysql</user-name>
 <password>mysql</password>
 </security>
</datasource>
The connection URL has been set as a property. Where can we define the value for the System property ? The most specific way, is in the single servers definition (host.xml):
<servers>
 <server name="server-one" group="main-server-group">
 <system-properties>
 <property name="connection-url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myapp" boot-time="true"/>
 </system-properties>
 </server>
 . . .
</servers>
Properties can also be specified at host level (host.xml), which means that all servers which are controlled by a Host Controller will share that property:
<host name="master" xmlns="urn:jboss:domain:2.2">
 <system-properties>
 <property name="connection-url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myapp" boot-time="true"/>
 </system-properties>
. . .
</host>
You can also set the System property also at Server Group level (domain.xml), which means that all Server Groups of a Domain will share that property:
 <servers>
 <server name="server-one" group="main-server-group">
 <system-properties>
 <property name="connection-url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myapp" boot-time="false"/>
 </system-properties>
 </server>
. . .
</servers>
For the sake of completeness, we will mention that Properties can also be set at domain level (domain.xml). For example:
<domain xmlns="urn:jboss:domain:2.2">
 <extensions>
. . . .
 </extensions>
 <system-properties>
 <property name="connection-url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myapp" boot-time="true"/>
 </system-properties>
 . . . .
</domain>
The purpose of setting boot-time=true is to ensure the value is set at JVM launch (like setting with -D parameter), not waiting for management operations to execute
With all these possible choices, it can happen that a Property is defined at multiple levels. So which one will be actually used by your configuration or applications ? basically the most specific configuration overrides the one which is more generic. So the Server configuration overrides any other configuration, the Host configuration overrides the Server Group and Domain and son on. The following picture depicts the order of precedence when a Property is defined at multiple levels:
jboss wildfly domain system property
Example 2:
Another common scenario is to provide a specific port on each server of your domain. You can do it automatically using the port-offset attribute however this requires that each single port of your bindings will shift by that offset. Let's say you want to use a port offset of 100 units in your domain but use port 8888 and 8889 for server-one and server-two ?
In your socket-binding you can simply include a property value as port and set fixed-port to true:
<socket-binding-group name="full-sockets" default-interface="public">
 <socket-binding name="http" port="${jboss.http.port}" fixed-port="true"/>
 . . .
</socket-binding-group>
Then you can set the System Property at server level as shown in the following example, taken from the host.xml file of the Domain configuration:
<servers>
 <server name="server-one" group="main-server-group">
 <system-properties>
 <property name="jboss.http.port" value="8888" boot-time="true"/>
 </system-properties>
 </server>
 <server name="server-two" group="main-server-group" auto-start="true">
 <system-properties>
 <property name="jboss.http.port" value="8889" boot-time="true"/>
 </system-properties>
 <socket-bindings port-offset="100"/>
 </server>
</servers>

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Peggy's Cove Tour, St. Margaret's Bay
Halifax is known for more than it's wartime or maritime experiences. There is much to see here. Upon boarding the Tour bus, Ambassatours, by the Halifax Harbour near the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, we went on our one hour drive to Peggy's Cove, with our driver and tour guide, Ed.
Peggy's Cove, located in the St. Margaret's Bay, is one of those breathtaking experiences. It is a small village of approximately 40 residences who live there year round. The lighthouse, Peggy's Point Lighthouse, established in 1868 is situated right on the coast. I come to see that everything has some history behind it, even Peggy's Cove. Apparently, no one is exactly certain where the name came from, but has made up stories, which passed down orally. One of the stories is that, in 1766, Saint Margaret's Bay was named by Samuel de Champlain, after his mother, Marguerite, and her nickname being Peggy. Another folklore about the name being, a woman was found on the Cove after a shipwreck, and later married a resident from the Cove. Since she was named Peggy, she became Peggy of the Cove.
peggy5Millions of years ago, tectonic movements in the Earth's crust, caused the rocks at Peggy's Cove to be formed. The breathtaking landscape at the Cove was and is because of the migration of glaciers, and the thrashing ocean tides. Now, imagine standing on these rocks looking into the horizon across the big Atlantic Ocean, watching the powerful waves beat on the rocks, and feeling the strength of the wind. The wind carrying with it small droplets of the sea that you feel on your face. Your eyes are fixated on the sea because truly there is nothing quite like it. The sea has gone wild, it seems, and the waves are tumbling over each other, in every direction. There is no order here.
We only had 75 minutes to experience Peggy's Cove before Ed had to take us back to the city. While there were other parts of the island to walk, I felt that this section by the rocks: Walking over the rocks, and looking into the sea, far required my time and attention. How long can one stare into the sea? Til when your thoughts begin to reflect back at you. Til you can hear the ocean whisper its secrets. Til you can feel the waves in your core, with every splash or crash it makes on the rocks. Something happens. In the stillness and subtleness, something always happens.
peggy8I'm walking back towards the lighthouse. There was still 30 minutes before boarding. I passed the lighthouse and looked yonder. More rocks, and more thrashing waves. Others were out there, battling the rock climb, and the wind. I decided I had to try as well. A stranger was ahead of me, though it appeared she was climbing downwards. Now I stood above her, walking horizontally, and awkwardly. Are you going to walk across? The stranger wearing brown boots down below asked. Her boots were not the kind to be climbing on rocks. Who knew we'd be going rock climbing? It's true. I had a whole other thought about what I'd be doing at Peggy's Cove. I imagined I'd be on a ferry ride going out to sea, spotting whales. Sometimes, things don't go as expected, and you simply reshape your thinking. Patty, who was from North Carolina came down on a cruise line, and now we were rock climbing together.
We made it to the top. There were so much more rocks in the distance, but we were satisfied in that instant. Standing there at the highest point, and looking across at the lighthouse, and the sea. There is that powerful feeling that you know how minute you are compared to the grandness of nature. All you have to do is respect your place, and stand there in awe.
peggyApparently, this small village was formed in 1811, when six German families were given a land grant by the government of Nova Scotia. The families built their economy on fishing, farming, and pasturing cattle. Today, tourism in this area has grown, and is of great economic importance. The government has restricted land use, and regulations about who can live in the region.
In 1962 the Peggy's Cove Commission Act was passed, declaring the Peggy's Cove a preservation area to ensure no development can occur, in order to protect the natural appearance of the Cove. So, that does it. I know that I can come back in 10 years and expect that Peggy's Cove will remain the same. Nova Scotia's beautiful coastal regions has gotten to me. Who wants to live on an island when we have all this beauty here in Canada? I can finally see what others have told me. Canada is a grand country. A judge once asked, Can you swim? I can. Good, you need to know how to swim if you live in this country. His point was, there is lots of large bodies of water in this country, and swimming shouldn't be optional. Well, even though I swim, I don't think I'd like to let myself slip into this part of the Sea at Peggy's Cove. I'm certain these powerful tides would ravage my body before I can a chance to make one stroke. But, I love the feeling of looking at the natural rustic beauty, and let my mind flow with the wind. Until next time. Farewell Peggy's Cove
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text:
Sentiment models are created from the models dashboard:
After selecting it, you will see four possible fields:
Out of these four fields, only New model name and Language are mandatory to create a new sentiment model.
Once you have filled in all the fields you need to create a model, you just have to click on "Create".
If any of the fields contains incorrect values, the creation process will be aborted and you will be redirected to the dashboard, where one or more error messages will explain what was wrong with the input data.
For example, if you enter "my first sentiment model" in the field New model name and you don't specify the language, you will obtain the following:
This only applies to the creation of a model and not to the import of entries.
When the creation process has been successfully completed (this includes the creation of entries from an imported file), you will be redirected to the model view.
This is how the dashboard looks like after creating a model:
And these are the features displayed for each model created:
We have already talked about the name, the description and the language, which leaves the following fields:
Both the editing and the testing will be further explained in the model view section, as they can be accessed also from there. Nevertheless, the cloning operation can only be carried out from the models dashboard.
When you click on clone, you obtain the following dialog:
The cloning process makes an exact copy of the model you choose, including all its elements. The only things that change are the name and the description, both definable in the fields New model name and New description in the Clone model dialog.
That the models are ordered using the most recent first criterion? This way, you will always have at your fingertips the model you are currently working on.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A page to help you get started on the ebikes. Please read before you take one out.
Peddle assist ebikes. To go faster:
- peddle harder
- put in harder gear
- increase motor speed
- use accelerator
You can just use motor and accelerator but then you might as well be on a scooter.
Try peddle assist where you peddle, change gears to make easier. Start off in Motor level 3 and increase as needed. Need a extra bit of zap, use the accelerator.
To conserver battery (if you want longer rides)
- try not to use accelerator or very gently accelerate.
- peddle harder.
- put motor at lower level.
- turn off on longer down hills.
- turn off battery when stopped for more than 5 minutes.
How to use
1. Turn on battery.
2. Press button untill screen comes on. Its now ready to go.
3. Press the + and – sign to increase decrease the motor power for peddle assist. 0 is off and 9 is max. Start with 2 or 3.
4. Use the accelirator when you dont want to peddle or need a little extra zap!
> To charge the battery plug the charger into the battery next to the battery on off switch.
> There are sensors on the brakes and rear tire. If a! mark is shown check the sensors are close to the brakes and the rear tire sensor magnet and sensor are inline (red light will come on sensor when wheel spun).


[Painful legs and moving toes syndrome].
Servicio de Neurología, Clínica Puerta de Hierro, 28035 Madrid, Spain.
Revista Clínica Española (Impact Factor: 2.01). 06/2007; 207(5):246-8.
Source: PubMed
ABSTRACT Painful legs and moving toes syndrome is a rare medical picture characterized by involuntary movements of the toes or the whole foot and pain in lower limbs. However, this must be kept in mind due to its association with other diseases and its possibility of being the first symptom. Spinal cord and cauda equina diseases, neuropathies, radiculopathies, drugs and other systemic diseases are the main cause of this syndrome although many cases are still idiopathic. Its diagnosis is essentially clinical and its treatment is complex, including different combinations of drugs and invasive techniques, and generally with a bad response.
 - Source
 [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
 ABSTRACT: Painful legs and moving toes is a rare syndrome characterized by spontaneous neuropathic pain in the lower limbs associated with peculiar involuntary movements of the lower extremities, especially the toes and feet. Although its origin is unknown, it is associated to some pathologies. With regard to the painless variant, very few patients have been reported and most of them are idiopathic. We report a patient with involuntary movements of the toes similar to those seen in painful legs and moving toes syndrome, but without any associated pain and due to a spinal compression. We conclude that spinal lesions may produce the painless variant as it has been reported with the painful form.
 European Spine Journal 02/2008; 17 Suppl 2:S294-5. · 2.47 Impact Factor


text:
DNS Security Extension Clarification on Zone Status, March 2001
- Canonical URL:
- File formats:
- PROPOSED STANDARD
- Obsoleted by:
- RFC 4033, RFC 4034, RFC 4035
- RFC 2535
- Updated by:
- RFC 3658
- E. Lewis
- dnsext (int)
Discuss this RFC: Send questions or comments to _EMAIL_
The definition of a secured zone is presented, clarifying and updating sections of RFC 2535. RFC 2535 defines a zone to be secured based on a per algorithm basis, e.g., a zone can be secured with RSA keys, and not secured with DSA keys. This document changes this to define a zone to be secured or not secured regardless of the key algorithm used (or not used). To further simplify the determination of a zone's status, "experimentally secure" status is deprecated. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
For the definition of Status, see RFC 2026.
For the definition of Stream, see RFC 4844.


text:
A common ongoing debate within the aviation community is centered around flight instruments. Specifically, the comparison between the modern glass cockpit and the 'old school' six pack. A glass cockpit is an aircraft cockpit that features electronic or digital flight instrument displays, and typically large LCD screens. This differs from the classic six pack, which is composed of the traditional style analog dials and gauges, nicknamed 'steam gauges.' The six pack, which comprises the airspeed indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator, attitude indicator, heading indicator, and turn coordinator, has been in use for years, and remains a good option. However, glass cockpits represent the future of aviation. This blog will explain the main differences between these modern and classic instrumentation systems.
The Garmin G1000 is a perfect example of the modern glass cockpit. This system uses Avidyne Avionics displayed on two Garmin 430 screens. The left screen is the PFD (primary flight display) where all primary flight instruments are presented. Everything from the six pack is featured on this screen, in addition to the rudder coordination, which is represented by a black and white triangle at the top of the screen. The alignment of the white portion of the triangle with the black part represents the coordination of the rudder.
This system is powered by a separate computer. The aircraft still features a pitot tube and static ports, and the air is sent into the flight management systems which display the information. Two main advantages of the glass cockpit are that they have fewer mechanical parts that can break down or provide inaccurate readings, and the automation systems within glass cockpits offer more precise information. Although glass cockpits seem highly advanced, sophisticated, and complicated, if you can read the old style gauges, you can read this display.
Despite its advanced nature, there are drawbacks to the glass cockpit. For one, when first learning to read instruments, your instrument scan can be adversely affected. In a standard six pack, the readings are clearly displayed where they can all be monitored at once. Additionally, all instruments in a six pack are separate from each other. As such, the pilot has to move their eyes across all of them quickly enough to get a good instrument scan while still flying the aircraft. This helps create a solid base for good flying skills.
In a six pack, each of the instruments has a mechanical linkage behind it which can break, leaving the entire instrument useless. This is the main negative of flying with steam gauges, as you usually have to entirely replace the instrument to fix it. These can also have accuracy deficiencies when incorporating factors like gyroscopic precession in a gyroscope-powered instrument. Furthermore, the altimeter, even if in the proper altimeter setting, can read inaccurately and will eventually need to be fixed.
No matter if you prefer the traditional six pack, or the new glass cockpit, its importance to the function and performance of your aircraft cannot be overstated. As such, you should be sure you are getting your aircraft parts and components from a trusted source like Veritable Aviation.
Veritable Aviation is a leading online distributor of aircraft parts, airframe structural components, and much more. Owned and operated by ASAP Semiconductor, we can help you find all types of unique parts for the aerospace, civil aviation, defense, industrial, and electronics markets. We are the only leading independent distributor with a strict no China sourcing policy, ensuring all parts we sell are fully traceable or come directly from the manufacturer. Our dedicated account managers are standing by and ready to help you find all the parts and equipment you need, 24/7-365. For a quick and competitive quote, _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
Don't forget That We Can Respond to Your Instant RFQ Within Fifteen Minutes. Simply Fill Out the Fields On This Website'S Front Page and Click "Request for Quote" and Our Account Managers Will Answer ASAP!Request for Quote


text:
20-153A - Acceptance of Aeronautical Data Processes and Associated Databases (CANCELLED) (Cancelled)
- Cancellation Notes
- AC 20-153B
- Date Cancelled
- April 19, 2016
- Date Issued
- September 20, 2010
- Responsible Office
- AIR-130, Aviation Safety - Aircraft Certification Service, Aircraft Engineering Division
This AC will help you to:
(1) Obtain a Letter of Acceptance (LOA) from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that acknowledges compliance with this AC regarding aeronautical data processing.
(2) Evaluate whether data processes comply with the requirements of RTCA, Inc. document DO-200A, Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data.
(3) Define the data quality requirements (DQRs) for aeronautical data when obtaining airworthiness approval of new equipment or installations where the function of the equipment is dependent on an updateable database.
(4) Understand how an organization adheres to the data preparation and data transmission criteria applicable to the functions performed by that aeronautical data chain link or participant.
- AC 20-153A (PDF, 2.3 MB)

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The behaviour of fast ions in tokamak experiments
Published Web Locationhttps://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/34/4/i07
Fast ions with energies significantly larger than the bulk ion temperature are used to heat most tokamak plasmas. Fast ion populations created by fusion reactions, by neutral beam injection and by radiofrequency (RF) heating are usually concentrated in the centre of the plasma. The velocity distribution of these fast ion populations is determined primarily by Coulomb scattering; during wave heating, perpendicular acceleration by the RF waves is also important. Transport of fast ions is typically much slower than thermal transport, except during MHD events. Intense fast ion populations drive collective instabilities. Implications for the behaviour of alpha particles in future devices are discussed.


text:
Ctenotus taeniolatus facts for kids
Quick facts for kidsCtenotus taeniolatus
The copper-tailed ctenotus or copper-tailed skink, (Ctenotus taeniolatus) is a species of medium-sized skink found commonly along the eastern seaboard of Australia and throughout the country generally. Striped skinks are found in open bushland and heathland. They can grow to be 30 cm long.
Striped skinks are olive brown on top with stripes of dark brown and white running from head to tail. They have a black, white edged vertebral band and a white dorsolateral band edged in black. The sides are dark brown and spotted with white.
Like most skinks, they eat mainly small invertebrates like insects and worms. They live in rocky and sandy environs, seeking sunny basking spots with cover nearby so they can dart away from predators.
Ctenotus taeniolatus Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


text:
Hello Clearwater,sorry for the delay,the question needed to be switched to the correct category,then my server crashed.
The distributor on these engines is a real source of confusion. If it has an odd-fire pattern that results in 45 and 75 degree spacing on the lobes around the distributor shaft, you would think the distributor cap has that same sort of spacing? No, not in this case. What the original engine designers did was take advantage of the fact that the contact point on the rotor can be made longer than normal. Draw a circle that follows the circumference of the rotor's outer contact, then draw a straight line from the center of the circle to one end of the rotor contact and another line to the other end. What you've just drawn is an angle of at least 15 degrees. Since the evenly spaced lobes on an odd-fire points type distributor cap are 60 degrees apart and the distributor shaft lobes are at 45 and 75 degrees, a little subtraction tells you that this will all work out. Simply put, 50% of the time ignition is taking place when the forward end of the rotor contact passes a distributor cap lobe, and the other 50% of the time ignition happens when the trailing end of the rotor contact passes a distributor cap lobe. Here are some pictures of the components.


Home > News > Content
The Development Of Cationic Dyes In China
Jun 19, 2017
 Cationic dyes are produced with the development of petrochemicals. In the 1950s, with the advent of acrylonitrile fibers, Geigy and Bayer of Germany have developed cationic dyes for acrylonitrile fibers. China in the early 60s have also been research and development to produce the first generation of a variety of cationic dyes. 70 years and the development of the second generation of X-type cationic dyes, to expand the chromatographic range, improve the dyeing performance, taking into account the compatibility between the ternary color. 70 years of trial production and production of the third generation of M-type cationic dyes, known as the migration of cationic dyes, can be applied to a variety of acrylonitrile fiber dyeing.Cationic Dyes
 The world's production of dyes in developed countries, the production of cationic dyes and alkaline dye production accounted for only 10% of the total output of dyes. China's cationic dye production in the 1990s was more than 2 thousand tons / year, accounting for more than 1% of total dyestuff production, but also part of the export. Cationic dyes in the X-type three primary colors and cationic pink FG and brilliant red 5GN for the larger varieties. In recent years at home and abroad to research and development of dyeing performance, special, new structure of the species, as well as the improvement of old products, energy saving, waste management and other fields.Cationic Dyes
 Cationic dyes on the affinity of acrylic, dyeing, due to rapid diffusion and slow diffusion, prone to uneven dyeing phenomenon, and once the uneven dyeing, it is difficult to extend the dyeing time by correcting. Cationic dye dyeing, in order to get a uniform staining results, should be appropriate to reduce the rate of dyeing. Factors affecting the dyeing rate of cationic dyes in addition to the types of acrylic, there are the following aspects:1. Temperature is an important factor in controlling leveling. When the dyeing temperature reaches the glass transition temperature (75-85 ℃), the dyeing rate of the dye increases rapidly. Therefore, when the dyeing temperature reaches the glass transition temperature of the fiber, it should slowly increase the temperature, generally every 2 ~ 4 min temperature l ℃. Can also be 85 ~ 90 ℃ when the insulation dyeing for some time, and then continue to heat up to boiling 2. Dyeing bath pH value, adding acid in dye bath, can inhibit the dissociation of acidic groups in acrylic fiber, reduce the number of anionic groups on the fiber, so that the Coulomb gravitational pull between the dye and fiber decreases, the dyeing rate decreases. The effect of pH on the dyeing rate is more significant with the carboxylic acid group-containing acrylic fiber, and the dyeing rate of the sulfonic acid group-containing acrylic fiber is less affected by the pH value of the bath. Dyeing should be reasonable control of the pH value of dye bath. Cationic dyes are generally not alkali, the best pH value of dyeing is generally 4-4.5, dyeing dark dye bath when the pH value can be higher, light color should be carried out at a lower pH value. The pH value of the dye bath is generally adjusted with acetic acid, acetic acid can reduce the dye bath pH value, but also improve the solubility of the dye. In the dye bath at the same time by adding sodium acetate, can stabilize the dye bath pH within the required range.Cationic Dyes


text:
Most historic textiles are made of organic
fibers including wool, cotton,
linen, and silk. Modern textiles are made of natural and synthetic
fibers such as nylon and polyester.
Antique silk from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries must
be handled very carefully. The
silk may be chemically unstable due to a process called "weighting."
Metallic salts were added to the silk in order to add weight
and body to the fabric because the fabric was sold by weight
not length. The addition of the metallic salts accelerated the
degradation of weighted silk leaving it brittle and fraying.
Textiles can be made using many different
technologies such as weaving, knitting,
and stitching. They can be decorated using embroidery, appliqué,
beading, and dying.
Textiles objects include:
Slant Boards for


text:
This section will describe the following:
- Scale Types
What the different axis scales offer.
Controlling numeric and time tick intervals.
- Scale Range
Controlling the axis scale start, end, and range.
- Scale Breaks
Using scale breaks.
- Scale Influentials
Allow axis markers and custom axis tick to influence axis scale ranges.
Axis scales dictate more than just the values on an axis. They also specify element behavior such as stacked, or FullStacked. The options for the Scale enumeration include:
Between numeric and time scales,.netCHARTING will automatically set the appropriate scale so it does not always need to be specified explicitly. Scales such as Stacked or FullStacked only apply to axes on which the element y values are plotted because these are the values that are stacked. For example with a combo chart, the Chart.YAxis would be the one to specify a stacked scale.
Other properties that control the scale include:
specifies the logarithmic base of intervals.
A '%' sign will be added to the end of tick labels and the axis maximum will snap to 100% if the plotted data's range falls between 50 and 100.
reverses the sequence of a scale.
Intervals come in two flavors, numeric, and time. The latter is more complicated so we'll tackle numeric first.
Controlling the interval is a simple concept. You can specify a numeric interval using code such as:
Chart.YAxis.Interval = 5;
Chart.YAxis.Interval = 5
This will force an interval at every five numeric units. Other interval related properties include:
Specifies the minimum numeric interval.
TIP: This allows you to prevent the axis scale from using intervals that are smaller than a single unit of your data. For example a chart showing votes and the maximum number being 3 may show intervals at.5 which are not desired.
Specifies the maximum number of ticks to generate.
The basic time interval is controlled with the Axis.TimeInterval property
Axis.TimeInterval = TimeInterval.Week;
Axis.TimeInterval = TimeInterval.Week
Advanced time interval
A more complex time interval is also available and can be specified through the Axis.TimeIntervalAdvanced property.
Using the advanced time interval version allows you to specify an interval multiplier. For example we can have an interval every 4 days or 2 weeks etc.
Axis.TimeIntervalAdvanced.Multiplier = 2;
Axis.TimeIntervalAdvanced.Multiplier = 2
Custom time span
A completely custom time span can be used as a time interval.
Axis.TimeIntervalAdvanced.TimeSpan = new TimeSpan(10,5,3);
Axis.TimeIntervalAdvanced.TimeSpan = New TimeSpan(10,5,3)
Custom start time
An interval can also start at any given time. These times can be specified through the following properties:
The month of year at which this interval initially occurs. Value ranges from zero indicating January, to eleven, indicating December.
The day of the week at which this interval initially occurs. Value ranges from zero indicating Sunday, to six, indicating Saturday.
A DateTime object representing the time instant at which this interval initially occurs. The value of this DateTime structure can be specific down to the millisecond.
The scale's numeric, time, and category axis boundaries can be specified using the Axis.ScaleRange property. New in version 5.0, the scale range can also represent a range on a category axis.
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueHigh = 100;
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = 2;
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueHigh = new DateTime(2000,12,1);
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = new DateTime(2000,1,1);
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueHigh = 100
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = 2
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueHigh = New DateTime(2000,12,1)
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = New DateTime(2000,1,1)
Providing a single high or low value without its counterpart is also permitted.
YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = 2;
YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = 2;
|Note: Numeric intervals start at zero, therefore, if the minimum value doesn't land on an interval there may be a gap between the scale's edge and the first axis tick.|
Category Axis Scale Ranges
New in version 5.0, the scale range can also represent a category axis range. It can achieved in two ways. The axis tick label text can be used to specify the range. The other way is to use a zero-based indexes to reference the axis ticks. For example, if there are 10 axis ticks they can be referenced using a numeric index of [0-9]. This code demonstrates the two methods.
// Using names. Chart.XAxis.ExtraTicks.Add(new AxisTick("Element 1", "Element 3", "Range")); // Using indexes. Chart.XAxis.ExtraTicks.Add(new AxisTick(0, 2, "Range"));
' Using names. Chart.XAxis.ExtraTicks.Add(New AxisTick("Element 1", "Element 3", "Range"))'Using indexes. Chart.XAxis.ExtraTicks.Add(New AxisTick(0, 2, "Range"))
Time Scale Padding
Time scale ranges can be padded with an equal amount of time on either side of the plotted data to produce the final range. This is achieved using Axis.TimePadding.
Chart.XAxis.TimePadding = TimeSpan.FromDays(10);
Chart.XAxis.TimePadding = TimeSpan.FromDays(10)
Scale breaks are discontinuities in an axis' scale. They are useful in the following scenarios:
- When there is a large difference between low and high element values.
- When element value variations are much smaller than the scale range.
- When specific days of a week should be excluded in the scale, for example, weekends are not needed in financial charts. Scale breaks can work with a calendar pattern in this case.
For the first two cases, the chart engine can automatically generate a scale break by setting Axis.SmartScaleBreak to true.
Scale breaks are added manually like so:
Axis.ScaleBreaks.Add( new ScaleRange(0,50) );
//Or for time:
Axis.ScaleBreaks.Add( new ScaleRange(new DateTime(2000,1,1), new DateTime(2000,12,1) ) );
Axis.ScaleBreaks.Add( New ScaleRange(0,50) )
'Or for time:
Axis.ScaleBreaks.Add( New ScaleRange(New DateTime(2000,1,1), New DateTime(2000,12,1) ) )
Scale Break Styles
A number of options are available to achieve the scale break style your charts require. The style can be set with the ScaleBreakStyle enumeration at the axis level as shown below.
Chart.YAxis.ScaleBreakStyle = ScaleBreakStyle.ZigZag;
Chart.YAxis.ScaleBreakStyle = ScaleBreakStyle.ZigZag
Objects that inherit from ScaleRange, such as AxisMarker and AxisTicks are able to influence the axis' scale range. For instance, a chart showing bandwidth usage over a period of time with an axis marker representing the bandwidth limit may have elements that will never reach or even come close to the limit marker's value. Because of this, the limit marker will not be visible on the chart; however, if AxisMarker.IncludeInAxisScale is true, the marker will tell the axis scale range to encompass its value.
Objects that can influence axis scales are:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Possible Duplicate:
How would one go about proving that the rationals are not the countable intersection of open sets?
Constructing a number not in $\bigcup\limits_{k=1}^{\infty} (q_k-\frac{\epsilon}{2^k},q_k+\frac{\epsilon}{2^k})$
When I was considering a comment on Conditions for integrability, I began to think of a few facts on Lebesgue measure. I often used to have to reconvince myself that the measure of the rationals was zero, and I thought about this in particular.
A standard way of showing that the measure of $\mathbb{Q} \cap [0,1]$ is $0$ is to come up with your favorite enumeration of the rationals in $[0,1]$, and then put an $\epsilon$-ball around the first, an $\frac{\epsilon}{2}$-ball around the second, an $\frac{\epsilon}{2^2}$-ball around the third, and so on, so that the overall length is bounded by (in this case) $4 \epsilon$. One might go on to show that the measure of $\mathbb{Q}$ is $0$ by showing that a countable union of null sets is null, by doing an analogous argument with $\epsilon$ covers.
Suppose for a moment that we look at the $\epsilon = 1/8$ covering, so that at most $1/2$ of $[0,1]$ is covered. Suppose we also that our enumeration of the rationals is the standard one of Cantor, i.e.
It might be easier if we don't remove duplicates (still a proof of denumerability) so that we know the general $n^\text{th}$ number easier.
Then my question is: can we explicitly find an irrational not covered by one of the $\epsilon$-balls? Perhaps it's deceptively easy. Can we find many?
Now, I'm not really set of the $\epsilon = 1/8$ case, nor on this particular enumeration. It's the spirit that counts, if you'll pardon the pun.
share|improve this question
marked as duplicate by Andres Caicedo, mixedmath, Martin Sleziak, Asaf Karagila, t.b. May 30 '12 at 7:22
This question (math.stackexchange.com/questions/61100/…) is related if not the same. – user17762 May 30 '12 at 1:10
Note that the irrational would be very much dependent on the enumeration chosen. Also if you need to convince yourself that $\mathbb Q$ is of measure zero, think about is as a countable union of disjoint singletons. – Asaf Karagila May 30 '12 at 6:34
_USER_: Yes, indeed - it is the same. Goodbye question! – mixedmath May 30 '12 at 6:48
What... I don't have universal closing powers on my own questions? – mixedmath May 30 '12 at 6:52
Ha. I even contributed to the earlier question, and completely forgot about it. Well, they say memory is the second thing to go. I can't remember what the first thing is. – Gerry Myerson May 30 '12 at 9:51
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
The irrational number $\phi=(\sqrt5-1)/2$ has the property that $$|\phi-(p/q)|\gt1/(3q^2)$$ for all integers $p,q$ so you can certainly choose your enumeration and your epsilons in such a way as to avoid covering it.
share|improve this answer


text:
A water that seems even more Biocompatible:
- From an energetic point of view: Dynamized water communicates with the energy in the body (see photo to the right of a "photonic bridge")
- From a microbiotic point of view, dynamized water has an inhibiting power on the growth of pathogenic bacteria
- From a metabolic point of view, minerals are should be more easily eliminated as they take a colloidal form.
- From a physiological point of view, because it very significantly reduces oxidation.


Miniature airspeed sensor for RC plane and UAVs.
Build and test of a miniature Pitot static (Prandtl) tube. Parts and electronic design are described. In flight airspeed performance is compared to a GPS ground speed used as reference. Wind speed is estimated to remove bias between airspeed and ground speed.
Inverted Pendulum
LQR stabilization of an inverted pendulum platform based on a low-cost toy. Simulink model and generation of code for dsPIC Microchip microcontroller are provided (Rapid Control Prototyping: RCP)


Carbon monoxide
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For those without comedic tastes, the so-called experts at Wikipedia have an article about Carbon monoxide.
Ćárbon Monôxíde - Famous French poet (_PHONE_) inspired by side effects of Frog Sniffing. Died of syphilis and hysteria at the age of 23. His work is rare and highly appreciated by modern society of intellectuals.
Ordinary people describe his poetry as "a dull shit". Literature scholars consider him as a colourless person that may cause nausea and vomiting by his bare words.
edit Life of monsieur Monôxíde
Ćárbon Andre Gaspar-Guillaume Le bon-bon de Marseille Monôxíde was born on the western coast of France. His father lived his whole life in Ireland. So it is still a mystery how his semen managed to travel from Ireland to Europe.
Some specialists consider it as a result of:
 - Gulf Stream's negative effect
 - Poor water condition at that time
 - Popularity of low-cost vacations at the cheap French hotels
 - Asexual reproduction. Like in case of Jesus Skywalker
Poet's mother, Francoise Monoxide, spent her youth at the Frankfort University of Central Kentuckistan studying languages as Latin and tongue of pre-historical baboons. However, her career-pursuit wasn't very efficient with that kind of education level and after owing money to a Canadian Grizzly Bear she fled back to her home country, France. There she stayed during the mating season and later was going to move back to US. But circumstances went against her. After noticing clear signs of pregnancy, Françoise had no choice but to stay and dedicate her life to the unborn child she was carrying (and eventually keep Bear's money for herself).
It turned out, that her amount of care and love was really unnecessary. Françoise was murdered by Canadian Grizzly Bear and a couple of Mafia-moose right after the birth of young Ćárbon. The Grizzly Bear was later killed by Oprah. And the sentimental Moose decided to take care of the child and raise him in a "normal" kind of family. Even now, experts in child psychiatry, like Isaac Newton, are amazed about how traumatising this "normal" childhood may have been for a young poet. It could also serve as poet's source of endless inspiration. One of his early works is "I see a Moose". A really queer name for a poem, that doesn't fit in French literature, but however - being considered as a milestone. Here it is...
Je vois la moose,
Et déteste les pamplemousses.
At the age of 13, Ćárbon Monôxíde got his first salary as a copywriter. Later, he started to publish his work. Success and recognition of his poetry didn't come until the age of 23, which was also the year of his death. At that time he was deeply depressed and almost suicidal. His last poem is nothing more, but a statement many linguists would sell their soul to interpret...
His death was surrounded by confusion of coroners. Especially by the mysterious cause of his death. Three frogs and a toad were found in his left lung.
edit Post Scriptum Essenciale
Connection between his last poem and animals in his inner organs began to clarify when the modern narcotic-culture came to be. It finally came to a point, when the true addicts did realise that Frogs - are a good shit! And so, the mystery was solved: Ćárbon Andre Gaspar-Guillaume Le bon-bon de Marseille Monôxíde died of a Critical Frog Overdose and it seems that he enjoyed it very much.
Personal tools


text:
This works, but looks a little bit ugly:
s = :shop s.to_s.pluralize.to_sym # => :shops
Is there a nicer way to pluralize a
Join Stack Overflow to learn, share knowledge, and build your career.
You can pluralize a
String, which represents actual text.
Symbols are a bit more abstract.
So, by definition, no. However, perhaps you could open up the Symbol class definition and add:
class Symbol def pluralize to_s.pluralize.to_sym end end
Then, you can just call:
:shop.pluralize # => :shops
If you're comfortable altering Ruby's classes, then this works:
class Symbol def pluralize self.to_s.pluralize.to_sym end end
I have yet to find a more elegant solution, although I suspect if there was, it would probably just be Rails implementing something similar to what I have above.


32 with -as mkisofs (but no -M) and --grow_overwriteable_iso write_start_address=32s with -as cdrecord.
A much more elaborate libburn based cdrecord emulator is the program cdrskin.
Personalites "xorrecord", "wodim", and "cdrskin" are aliases for "cdrecord".
If xorriso is started with one of the leafnames "xorrecord", "cdrskin", "cdrecord", or "wodim", then it automatically prepends -as "cdrskin" to the program arguments. I.e. all arguments will be interpreted cdrecord style until "--" is encountered. From then on, arguments are interpreted as xorriso commands.
--no_rc as first argument of such a program start prevents interpretation of xorriso startup files. See section FILES below.
-read_mkisofsrc
Try one by one to open for reading:
./.mkisofsrc , $MKISOFSRC , $HOME/.mkisofsrc , $(dirname $0)/.mkisofsrc
On success interpret the file content as of man mkisofs CONFIGURATION, and end this command. Do not try further files. The last address is used only if start argument 0 has a non-trivial dirname.
The reader currently interprets the following NAME=VALUE pairs: APPI (-application_id) , PUBL (-publisher) , SYSI (-system_id) , VOLI (-volid) , VOLS (-volset_id)
Any other lines will be silently ignored.
-pacifier behavior_code
Control behavior of UPDATE pacifiers during write operations. The following behavior codes are defined:
"xorriso" is the default format:
Writing: sector XXXXX of YYYYYY [fifo active, nn% fill]
"cdrecord" looks like:
X of Y MB written (fifo nn%) [buf mmm%]
"mkisofs"
nn% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 15 20:13:28 2008
The frequency of the messages can be adjusted by
"interval=number"
where number gives the seconds between two messages. Permissible settings are 0.1 to 60.0.
-scdbackup_tag list_path record_name
Set the parameter "name" for a scdbackup checksum record. It will be appended in an scdbackup checksum tag to the -md5 session tag if the image starts at LBA 0. This is the case if it gets written as first session onto a sequential medium, or piped into a program, named pipe or character device.
If list_path is not empty then the record will also be appended to the data file given by this path.
Program scdbackup_verify will recognize and verify tag and file record.
An empty record_name disables this feature.

Scripting, dialog and program control features:

-no_rc
Only if used as first program argument this command prevents reading and interpretation of startup files. See section FILES below.
-options_from_file fileaddress
Read quoted input from fileaddress and execute it like dialog lines. Empty lines and lines which begin by # are ignored. Normally one line should hold one xorriso command and all its parameters. Nevertheless lines may be concatenated by a trailing backslash.
See also section "Command processing", paragraph "Quoted input".
-help
Print helptext.
-version
Print program name and version, component versions, license.
-list_extras code
Tell whether certain extra features were enabled at compile time. Code "all" lists all features and a headline. Other codes pick a single feature. Code "codes" lists them. They share names with related commands (see also there):
"acl" tells whether xorriso has an adapter for local filesystems ACLs.
"xattr" tells whether xorriso has an adapter for local filesystems EA.
"jigdo" tells whether production of Jigdo files is possible.
"zisofs" tells whether zisofs and built-in gzip filters are enabled.
"external_filter" tells whether external filter processes are allowed and whether they are allowed if real user id and effective user id differ.
"dvd_obs" tells whether 64 kB output to DVD media is default.
"use_readline" tells whether readline may be enabled in dialog mode.
-history textline
Copy textline into libreadline history.
-status mode|filter
Print the current settings of xorriso. Modes:
short... print only important or altered settings
long ... print all settings including defaults
long_history like long plus history lines
Filters begin with '-' and are compared literally against the output lines of -status:long_history. A line is put out only if its start matches the filter text. No wildcards.
-status_history_max number
Set maximum number of history lines to be reported with -status "long_history".
-list_delimiter word
Set the list delimiter to be used instead of "--". It has to be a single word, must not be empty, not longer than 80 characters, and must not contain quotation marks.
For brevity the list delimiter is referred as "--" throughout this text.
-sh_style_result "on"|"off"
Make the result output of some filesystem inspection commands look more like the output of equivalent shell commands. The most important effect is to prevent the wrapping of file addresses into quotation marks with commands
-pwd -pwdx -ls -lsd -lsl -lsdl -lsx -lsdx -lslx -lsdlx
-du -dus -dux -dusx -findx -find
This will make ambiguous the representation of file names which contain newline characters. On the other hand it should facilitate integration of xorriso into shell scripts which already use the corresponding shell commands.
-backslash_codes "on"|"off"|mode[:mode]
Enable or disable the interpretation of symbolic representations of special characters with quoted input, or with program arguments, or with program text output. If enabled the following translations apply:
\a=bell(007) \b=backspace(010) \e=Escape(033) \f=formfeed(014)
\n=linefeed(012) \r=carriage_return(015) \t=tab(011)
\v=vtab(013) \\=backslash(134) \[0-7][0-7][0-7]=octal_code
\x[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]=hex_code \cC=control-C
Translations can occur with quoted input in 3 modes:
"in_double_quotes" translates only inside " quotation.
"in_quotes" translates inside " and ' quotation.
"with_quoted_input" translates inside and outside quotes.
With the start program arguments there is mode:
"with_program_arguments" translates program arguments.
Mode "encode_output" encodes output characters. It combines "encode_results" with "encode_infos". Inside single or double quotation marks encoding applies to 8-bit characters octal 001 to 037 , 177 to 377 and to backslash(134). Outside quotation marks some harmless ASCII control characters stay unencoded: bell(007), backspace(010), tab(011), linefeed(012), formfeed(014), carriage_return(015).
Mode "off" is default and disables any translation. Mode "on" is "with_quoted_input:with_program_arguments:encode_output".
-temp_mem_limit number["k"|"m"]
Set the maximum size of temporary memory to be used for image dependent buffering. Currently this applies to pattern expansion, LBA sorting, restoring of hard links.
Default is 16m = 16 MiB, minimum 64k = 64 kiB, maximum 1024m = 1 GiB.
-print text
Print a text line to the result channel which is by default stdout.
-print_info text
Print a text line to the info channel which is by default stderr.
-print_mark text
Print a text line to the mark channel which is by default directed to both, result and info channel. An empty text will cause no output at all.
-prompt text
Show text at beginning of output line and wait for the user to hit the Enter key or to send a line via stdin.
-sleep seconds
Wait for the given number of seconds before performing the next command. Expect coarse granularity no better than 1/100 seconds.
-errfile_log mode path|channel
If problem events are related to input files from the filesystem, then their disk_paths can be logged to a file or to output channels R or I.
Mode can either be "plain" or "marked". The latter


text:
magical medium of Art Clay Silver clay consists of finely ground
pure silver mixed with non-toxic binders and water. Presented as an off-white
putty, this malleable clay can be easily worked into unique and personalised
jewellery or ornaments. Items can be made as thin as 1mm thick. Once fired,
the binders (which are made from harmless pulp fibres) burn away leaving pure, 99.9% silver which can be hallmarked
'.999'. The difference between the silver produced, and sterling
silver, is that sterling silver is 92.5% silver combined with other metals,
generally copper. This makes the metal harder than pure (or fine) silver.
Both metals will tarnish but sterling silver more so.
The firing process is remarkably simple and can be achieved
with the minimum of cost. Small pieces of Art Clay Silver can be fired
easily on a wire mesh laid across a gas hob or the pieces can be fired using a blow torch and a fibre brick. Kiln firing is also an option and allows more than one piece
to be fired at a time. Although the kiln can be a costly investment, it can also
be used for other craft techniques such as ceramics, glass fusing and bead making, and annealing and hardening of metals.
Find out more
about firing Art Clay Silver clay.
Working with Art Clay Silver
The clay will begin to dry out the moment it is exposed to air. These
tips will help to increase the working time:
keep a bowl of water near by to dip fingers and tools in
work in a cool room and try to avoid direct heat from light bulbs
rehydrate drying clay by wetting the surface, wrapping in cling film
and kneading through the film. You may have to repeat this process a
couple of times before it is fully hydrated
work the clay on a smooth, non-porous surface such as a tile or glass
only break off the amount of clay you think you will need and put
the remainder in an air-tight wrapper. Covering with a damp cloth or
kitchen paper will help
will contaminate and discolour silver clay. Do not use tools or containers
made from aluminium
plan your design before you start - this will reduce the amount of
use the Kemper cutters to work your Art Clay Silver into tiny
finished pieces should be allowed to out dry fully before firing.
Give between 24 - 48 hours in a dry, warm atmosphere
When the Art Clay Silver clay is thoroughly dried it is
ready to fire. Find out more...
if the product gets in eyes or mouth, flush immediately with plenty
of water. If necessary, seek medical advice
follow the firing instructions carefully remembering to carry out
the process in a well ventilated room
place fired items in an appropriate place to cool; keep away from


Fly the Vegan Skies
airline vegan meal
A vegan airline meal
Vegan options are showing up in a wide variety of places these days, from prisons to hospitals to public schools. Now a new initiative by the Vegan Society and Humane Society International seeks to make sure airlines have vegan meals available in commercial airliners.
While air travel is blamed for significant greenhouse gas emissions, meat is actually much worse. It's also a culprit in other environmental problems. "A vegan diet is probably the single biggest way to reduce your impact on planet Earth, not just greenhouse gases, but global acidification, eutrophication, land use and water use," said Joseph Poore, at Oxford University, England. "It is far bigger than cutting down on your flights or buying an electric car."
Airlines serve an estimated one billion inflight meals every year, so actively encouraging passengers to choose plant-based options could help reduce the industry's carbon emissions, while at the same addressing a number of other environmental problems caused by meat and other animal-derived foods.
If you fly long distance, be sure to order a vegan meal when you book your flight. While you're waiting for your flight at Seatac airport, why not check out the new restaurant "Floret" by Café Flora? The sister restaurant of our much beloved vegetarian restaurant Café Flora offers both sit down and grab-and-go food.


text:
Improve the Quality of Many Processes and the Performance of Critical Products
Ferrotec offers a range of Ferrofluidic seals designed for specialized applications. These allow engineers to dramatically improve the quality of many processes and the performance of critical products. Ferrofluidic zero-leakage sealing capability can be incorporated in a broad range of mechanical configurations and addresses wide pressure, speed and temperature sealing challenges.
Because of the broad variety of installations where Ferrofluidic seals can be used, many are application-specific designs. Typical examples of Ferrofluidic specialty seals include:
The GT6 range of industrial seals offers a hermetic seal for low pressure fans, blowers and vertical pumps in critical applications. These include processes such as hydrocarbon processing where they can prevent the release of VOCs into the atmosphere, nuclear applications and other critical processes where it is essential to prevent either contaminant ingress or the emission of process gases.
Ferrofluidic seals are used in many military and surveillance aircraft for the protection of optical devices and sensitive electronic instrumentation. Ferrofluidic seals can be extremely compact and provide reliable operation and long service life under extreme conditions.
Rotating X-ray Anodes
Ferrofluidic seals can be used in x-ray anodes which rotate at high speeds inside vacuum chambers. They are actively cooled while rotating to remove the intense heat created by high power x-ray generation.
Ferrofluidic feedthroughs are ideal for optical coating applications. These may include fiber optic filter manufacturing where high speed, large diameter hollow shaft feedthroughs are used, or optical fiber manufacturing where the hermetic ferrofluid seal ensures that atmospheric moisture cannot enter the process and undermine the quality of the deposited film.
Ferrofluidic sealing delivers unmatched performance in both pressure and vacuum sealing of lamps for military, medical, commercial and automotive lighting. A non-wearing, maintenance free Ferrofluidic seal replaces maintenance-intensive oil plates and dynamic elastomer seals which can cause downtime and allow particulate and oil contamination of the lamp during production.
Do You Need More Information?
Find out more about Ferrotec's Ferrofluidic Seals capabilities


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Dear Sirs, 2008
Nintendo DS, custom coded game, R4 card
Dear Sirs is a mobile poem—a workplace related resignation poem and marking of time using mesostics and numeric references to embed secret locative information within the poem on a Nintendo DS. Dear Sirs is a part of a series of works that are all interactive game like poems that exploit the relationship between the user, the hardware, the physicality of the user and the interface. Through visuals, text and interaction the poems circumvent and explore poetic/textual conventions and human empathy in a technological context. The participant is required to mark time along with the poet in order to experience the poem. For each stroke on the touch screen with the stylus—one letter of the poem is sequentially revealed. Referencing the famous poem "What you say" by John Cage, this work uses mesostics and embedded numbers to reveal a location—both virtual and physical, and a rejection of participation in problematic systems.


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You Searched For: Plasma
All biochemical tests are performed using some kind of body fluid, typically serum or plasma. Plasma is in essence the same as serum, but is obtained by centrifuging the blood without clotting. Plasma is obtained by centrifugation before clotting occurs, and the act of centrifugation packs the denser blood cells and platelets to the bottom of the centrifuge tube, leaving the liquid plasma resting above, making extraction of the plasma simpler.
52 results were found


Тhe legal framework for freedom of assembly in the Republic of Macedonia is relatively comprehensive and liberal, with the right to FOA without notification and unnecessary restrictions enshrined in the Constitution. However, in practice there have been significant developments that limit freedom of assembly. In particular, due to burdensome responsibilities of organized assemblies imposed under the Law on Public Assemblies (obligation to provide security, maintain order and disperse the assembly if deemed to jeopardize the safety of people and property, as well liability for any damages that occur), today public assemblies are almost exclusively non-formalized and spontaneous (usually organized through social media).


)?"0" + hour.ToString() :hour.ToString(); TimeInString+=":" + ((min<10)?"0" + min.ToString() :min.ToString()); TimeInString+=":" + ((sec<10)?"0" + sec.ToString() :sec.ToString()); return TimeInString; } Status Bar Use the toolbox to draw a status bar. It will go to the bottom of the window to show the current status of the operation. You may initialize the status bar by giving some appropriate words to the text property of the status bar. this.statusBar1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 273); this.statusBar1.Name = "statusBar1"; this.statusBar1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(416, 20); this.statusBar1.TabIndex = 4; this.statusBar1.Text = "Ready"; Status bar is used to give users information about the current status. For example when some action is taken, it may be used to tell the user that the system is done with the operation. So the user will be aware of what has happened. In this program we tried to load data from the remote server. It may take some time to grab the data from the server. The status bar is used to tell the user what the system is doing by setting the text property of the statusBar as follows statusBar1.Text="Connecting to DB..."; When the system is done with the loading, we should tell the user that the data have been loaded. Then the user is aware that he or she can do something else. statusBar1.Text ="Database loaded";
Progress Bar Progress bars are used to display the progress of your application or background tasks. There are three members of the ProgressBar class you should know about: the Maximum, the Minimum, and the Value properties. After creating instance of a progress bar you set the range of the progress bar by using Minimum and Maximum properties of the ProgressBar. The Step property is used to set number of steps in a progress bar. The Value property is used to set the current value of the progress bar. this.progressBar1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(88, 232); this.progressBar1.Name = "progressBar1"; this.progressBar1.TabIndex = 0; this.progressBar1 .Maximum =10000; this.progressBar1 .Minimum =1; this.progressBar1 .Step =1; The following codes will make the progressbar increase the step one per time. for(int i=progressBar1.Minimum; i<=progressBar1.Maximum; i++) { progressBar1.PerformStep(); }


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Date: 18 July 2012 at 02:48
Gibraltar has become the world's first Wikipedia City. At a press conference on Wednesday morning, Minister for Tourism, Neil Costa, delivered a presentation on the online Gibraltarpedia project.
Gibraltarpedia involves a multi-lingual online Wikipedia pack on the Rock's rich flora, history and culture. The idea for this project came from local Wikipedian, Tyson Lee Holmes, who read about the first Wikipedia town in Wales. Monmouthpedia is a comprehensive Wikipedia page-based record of its own cultural heritage. Professor Clive Finlayson has since been working with the Tourist Board and with Wikimedia UK to make Gibraltar the world's first Wikipedia City.
The articles will be written by a mix of locals, academics, historians and Wikipedians from around the globe. Minister for Tourism, Neil Costa, said the project would revolutionise the way we narrate our culture and demonstrate our cross-section of different communities in a virtual way.
It's estimated that nearly 500 million people a month will have access to all this information on Gibraltar. The process of creating WiFi hotspots on the Rock is underway and Gibraltarpedia applications will be available for download on smartphones. This will make the articles accessible to visitors at different tourist attractions.


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Figuring out which mobile approach to take can be complicated. Fortunately, Mutual Mobile has created an infographic that guides you to your destination through the process of elimination, so you know what you want (and what you don't).
For example, depending on how you answer the first question (How heavily will you rely on 3-D and animation?), you will jump to either question 2 or 5.
The answer to the best mobile approach for you won't necessarily be in the seventh question, but the final answer you land on.
These are the seven questions in the infographic:
1. How heavily will you rely on 3-D and animation?
2. How will users interact with audio and video?
3. Which devices are important to you?
4. Will you need to update regularly?
5. How closely do you want to interact with the device's OS?
6. Do you want your content indexed by search engines?
7. Do you need to use hardware features like GPS?
Check out the answers to the above questions in the following infographic and find out which mobile approach would work best for your company's needs:


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Groundwater Resources Studies of the Rub' Al Khali Desert
Start / Referenzen / Groundwater Resources Studies of the Rub' Al Khali Desert
Ministry of Environment, Water & Agriculture (MEWA), UAE
Saudi Arabia Rub al-Chali
2010 – 2018
The project focuses on the assessment of the groundwater resources in the Rub' Al Khali Desert in Saudi Arabia, including the development of a regional water management plan.
The assessment of water quality and total groundwater instorage is a major task of this study.
For elaboration of comprehensive information about the natural groundwater related conditions (geology, meteorology, hydrology, hydrogeology), deep exploration and observation wells have been drilled, the deepest in the center of Rub' Al Khali desert, 2,625m deep into Wasia aquifer.
The project revealed information on additional freshwater resources updating the Kingdom's long-term water resources management plan.
Our Services at a glance
Fieldsurveys and investigations
Groundwatersampling and analyses
Geologicalfield survey and update of geological model
Drillingof observation and water production wells
Developmentof a state-of-the-art groundwater model (appr. 400,000 km2)
Geophysical field investigations
Planningof groundwater monitoring network
Assessmentof groundwater budget of the aquifer system.
Developmentof an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan.


Railway sensors
The URB project manages the trains in DC mode. And this means that you can apply ANY sensor to Arduino, including such an exotic as a pressure sensor. However, most of the sensors are large enough, for example, an ultrasonic sensor is very difficult to incorporate into the layout imperceptibly. Also, there are some difficulties with the probability of triggering sensors based on reflection of visible and infrared spectra. In any case, you can experiment and get your own successful designs.
I mainly use Hall sensors, they provide guaranteed triggering and are very easy to install and configure. Also, I apply the infrared sensor together with the IR-LED in one housing. However, when using IR sensors, there are several problems: different pickup distance due to the color of the wagons (the more lighter the color, the longer distance of triggered) and a false signal of triggered at change of moving cars of a train in a zone of action of the gauge (gap zone triggered). It is also difficult to avoid the sensor's response to multiple reflections of infrared rays from the details of the layout and train and the influence of sunlight.
But in a situation where you need to get a constant signal while passing the entire train through the sensor zone, the infrared sensor is preferable, only you need to modify its design.
Hall Sensor
To automate the movement of trains you need sensors. I used Hall sensors as train detector triggers on the line. In comparison with other sensors, it has the advantage of a trigger "dot". The second element – the magnet –is attached to any metal part underside of a car or a locomotive (for example, to the fastening screw, etc.).
I recommend small cylinder neodymium rare earth magnets. By changing their number, you can adjust the distance between the magnet on the car and the sensor on the rails. I have reliable operation at distances of 1-5 mm. This allows you to correctly and accurately set the pickup location relative to the train and relative to the location on the layout, as well as easily adjust it by moving the magnets. You can place a magnet on any car or locomotive, at the beginning, middle or end of the train, thus adjusting the stopping place to within a centimeter. Hall sensors are small, if they are neatly put between the rails, then they are like real AWS inductor. To Arduino NANO it is possible to connect up to 18 Hall sensors. But this is a standalone solution, you can not transfer data to other layout's devices. URB solves this problem elegantly. You can connect the sensors to any URB and then transmit their signals to the communication station via the I2C bus.
Conclusion
In my opinion, it is wise to combine both types of sensors depending on the purpose. For example, IR sensors are more convenient for a railway crossing barriers, and Hall sensors for stopping at a dead end or at a station with automatic control (AWS and script commands of the URB project).
And one last point. For Arduino, the logical states of operation of any sensor do not matter, you can always invert them in the sketch code. For example, if you made my design with an IR sensor, you will notice that the sensor is triggered when there is no train (the logical state is HIGH), and when the train passes, the state of the sensor is off (LOW). A simple if (digitalRead(SENSOR)==LOW) {...} code will change the signal from the sensor to the opposite.

The IR-module
On this module I separated the infrared sensor emitter and receiver. These details deployed relative to the rails by 45 degrees and are located at a certain height above the rails. Also on the receiver is a black slit mask that removes stray radiation.
The height of the sensor and the IR-LED above the rails for different scales is selected experimentally based on the minimum horizontal continuous line of wagons in your collection.
This design allows you to get a guaranteed signal of the presence of a train at the sensor zone. The system works correctly at any speed of the train, any the number of cars or types of cars and any length of the train.

Hall Magnetic Sensor Module for Arduino
Servo Point Motor
By this mechanism, I am proud as designer! The task was to make such a reliable turnouts switch-mechanism, which will simply and quickly manufactured, while ensuring accuracy of moving the rod to a tenth of a millimeter.
Given the large error in the position of the lever of the cheap servo when stopping after rotation, and the need of convenient adjustment without tools at the installation site, the task seemed to me unsolvable. However, I came up with, and even much more. Shoulders slingshot, as well the mechanism, made of thin galvanized sheet metal, this material is available almost everywhere. So, by bending them with your finger you can adjust the stroke of the rod and, accordingly, the accuracy of the switch position. In addition, these shoulders act as a damper, parrying the errors of the mechanical transmission and securely fix the switch mechanism in the extreme positions. But that is not all. If the servo arm is stop to a position of 90 degrees, the mechanism is unlocked and you can switch the turnout manually. Sketches and examples in this project are focused specifically on this mechanism.
Placing point-motor

Unlike other known servo point designs, this design does not require space under the layout. That is, you can place such a mechanism on a table or floor next to the rails.Or, as in the classic Tortoise switch machine, hide the mechanism under the layout.
In the video "Railway modelling for teens", I used a modified version of my mechanism with the addition of a Hall sensor. In this modification, the point motor generates a turnout position signal, as when using limit switches. Only it is more reliable, since it does not have mechanical contacts.
Modified point-motor

Signals
The URB project allows you to monitoring and independently create any types of signals and algorithms for their operation. You can make the blinking light signaling for railway crossings and big semaphore traffic complexes ramified control systems trains. Even in comparison with a very well-designed proprietary signaling Z21 system – the URB project has the advantage of being open. Again, this is a very exciting process for you, you can independently invent and implement exactly what you need, and not to collect from the finished firm "cubes" approximately working solution. Even if you are projecting a MAGLEV trains layout, the URB project will allow you to create a futuristic signaling system.

I tried to make the most informative video about the production of signals for my layout. But you can use ready-made signals, and they most often use a three- or more-wire connection system. In this case, simply use the GND contact on the URB unit, you do not need to make any changes to the sketches. Also, you may need to change the resistance in the finished signals to a lower nominal, usually they are rated at 12V.

Railway signals are rarely found on layout, and their availability is a sign of professionalism. Not this the modelers do not want to install them, but that not a trivial task – the algorithm for switching many signals needs to corrected for each railway line. So you need a large computer with software or branded digital sets from manufacturers. Or soldering their own boards on logic chips.
But with the Arduino everything becomes much better. Convenient direct connection of signals and sensors to the URB connectors provides easy installation. Together with the availability of information on the position of all turnouts and the ease of programming Arduino all it is now easiest. Without any computers! Just turn layout power on and everything works!
For a greater reality of the brightness of the signals, I recommend individually to pick up the resistor – brightness and spectrum of LEDs of different manufacturers is very different. If you need to apply a LEDs array control system on one channel, you can overcome by the current limitations using the powerful PD outputs (see URB Documentation). Also very convenient the solution to use for connecting many signals via several very cheap boards with chip PCF8574.
When developing my signals, I took into account first of all the maximum manufacturability and the cost of their manufacture. This design assumes a mass production of signals by the modeler. In addition, the signals are very strong and maintainable.
URB signal system
Level crossing
This really working design was developed a two year ago, and reliably works to this day. The actuators of the barriers is independent, since each barrier is driven by a separate servo. Since barriers can be moved asynchronously and at different speeds, it's more like the real world in which it happens that way. Also in the module use classical flashing lights.

All crossing rail electronics made on the one autonomous URB unit with the possibility of connecting to the URB bus. The mechanism is made in such a way as to fit completely into the space under the crossing of the move and not to leave its dimensions.
To automatically lower the barriers when passing a train, the original algorithm given below and two conventional infrared sensors Arduino are used. The design of these sensors is modified and described in the Sensors chapter.
Electronics
The sources of the train signal about the approach and the departure from the wide railway crossing area will be infrared sensors located at a distance from the crossing. I suggest that you will establish the distance between them experimentally.
The normal servo always rotates at its maximum speed. For different models of servo drives speed is different, there are fast and slow servos,


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Nutrient balances and maintenance requirements for nitrogen and energy in desert tortoises (Xerobates agassizii) consuming forages
- Additional Document Info
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The North American tortoise Xerobates agassizii (synonym: Gopherus agassizii) consumes herbage and grasses produced from low and variable desert rains. Utilization of Sphaeralcea ambigua foliage and the grass Schismus barbatus were studied in 8 adult tortoises (2.3 kg body mass). The herbage contained more N but less fiber than the grass. Tortoises ingested and digested more dry matter and energy from herbage than grass. Intakes and retention of N were greater from the herbage than the grass, but amino acid proportions and true N digestibilities were similar between diets. Herbage contained more Ca than grass, especially in relation to P (Ca:P 14.5 vs. 1.9), but this was ameliorated by lower absorption of Ca from the hergage. K intakes were greater from the herbage than the grass and associated with the digestive loss of Mg from herbage. Low Na content of both forages resulted in net losses of Na. Maintenance requirements for dietary N (14.4 mg kg-0.75 d-1) and for digestible energy (19.9 kJ kg-0.75 d-1) were lower than estimates for other herbivorous reptiles and consistent with the utilization of desert pastures where quality and abundance may be low and erratic. Modest requirements for these and other nutrients may enable desert tortoises to tolerate temporal deficiencies, but these must ultimately be corrected by a wider dietary selection. Consequently, both diversity and abundance of pasture growth may be critical to long-term nutrient balances of this threatened species. 1995.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology
author list (cited authors)
complete list of authors


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By Matt Walker
Editor, Earth News
A unique ability to soak up the sun
The Oriental hornet has a unique ability to harvest solar energy, scientists have discovered.
The large wasp species has a special structure in its abdomen that traps the sun's rays, and a special pigment that harvests the energy they contain.
The discovery helps explain why these hornets have a large yellow stripe across their body and why they become more active as the day gets hotter.
It also changes our understanding of how insect metabolism can work.
Xanthopterin works as a light harvesting molecule transforming light into electrical energy
Entomologist Dr Marian Plotkin
The discovery, reported in the journal Naturwissenschaften, was made by a team of researchers working in Israel and the UK, led by Dr Marian Plotkin of Tel-Aviv University.
Wasps are usually most active in the early morning, when they are around twice as active as at any other point in the day.
Oriental hornets (Vespa orientalis), which range from the Near East to India, are most active in the middle of the day.
Scientists have also long observed that Oriental hornet workers, which dig out nests underground, correlate their digging activity with the intensity of sunlight.
However, it was unclear why these Oriental hornets behave in this way.
That was until one biologist, the late Professor Jacob S Ishay, proposed that the insects may somehow be capable of harvesting solar radiation.
The sheet-like cuticle structure
Dr Plotkin's team has now tested this hypothesis, with remarkable results.
Using an atomic force microscope, they examined the fine structure of the hornet's cuticle, hard layers of which form the insect's outer body, or exoskeleton.
The part of the cuticle coloured brown is made from an array of grooves, with a height of just 160 nanometres.
The structure of the yellow part of the hornet's body is different.
This is made from a series of oval-shaped protrusions, each containing a pinhole-sized depression. Each protrusion is just 50nm tall and interlocks with another.
Further tests revealed what these structures do.
Essentially, say the researchers, they stop light being reflected off the hornet's body. Instead the light is trapped, and harvested for energy.
The yellow pigment harvests light
The brown part of the insect's body has the best anti-reflectance properties, helping to split any sunlight that falls upon it into several beams travelling in different directions.
The cuticle also contains a second thin sheet-like structure, with a series of sheets stacked on top of each other, with decreasing thickness from top to bottom.
Stacked together in every layer are rod-like structures composed of chains of a polymer called chitin. These rods are embedded in a protein matrix.
This intricate structure further serves to trap light within the cuticle, forcing it to bounce between different layers.
Capturing the sun
But the ability of the hornets to harvest solar energy does not stop there.
Within this cuticle is a pigment that actually captures the energy of the sun's rays.
"The pigment melanin gives the hornet its dominant brown colour. The pigment xanthopterin, in the head and abdomen in a form of stripes and bands, gives the Oriental hornet its bright yellow colour," explains Dr Plotkin.
Highly magnified view of the wasp cuticle
"Xanthopterin works as a light harvesting molecule transforming light into electrical energy."
The hornets' ability to convert sunlight in this way could explain why they become more active during the middle of the day, when the light intensity is highest.
"We assume that some of the energy is transformed in a photo-biochemical process which aids the hornets with their energy demanding digging activity," Dr Plotkin told the BBC.
The solar-powered hornets have one further unique claim.
Until now, insects were thought to perform metabolism in an organ known as the fat body, which performs a similar function to the human liver.
Most of the fat body is in an insect's abdomen surrounding the gut, where it can quickly take up absorbed nutrients, though some is scattered elsewhere.
"We have found that the main metabolic activity in the Oriental hornet is actually in the yellow pigment layer," says Dr Plotkin.


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When it is consumed, one grows gills and webbing between the fingers and toes.
Gillyweed is a magical plant native to the Mediterranean Sea. When it is eaten by a witch or wizard, one grows gills and webbing between the fingers and toes, allowing them to process oxygen from water and navigate underwater more easily. There is some debate among Herbologists as to the duration of the effects of Gillyweed in fresh water versus salt water, but the effects of Gillyweed in fresh water seem to last about an hour.
Gillyweed is said to resemble a bundle of slimy, grey-green rat tails.
Harry Potter used Gillyweed during the Second Task of the 1994 Triwizard Tournament. Dobby gave it to him, after overhearing a conversation which Barty Crouch Jr, disguised as Alastor Moody, staged with Professor McGonagall.
Connection with GillywaterEdit
Gillyweed can also, presumably, be used as an ingredient in a drink called Gillywater. Professor McGonagall once ordered a glass of it in The Three Broomsticks. Romilda Vane offered Harry a glass of Gillywater spiked with a Love Potion, in an attempt to get Harry to ask her to Professor Slughorn's Christmas Party.
Behind the scenesEdit
- Chocolate Frog Cards reveal that Gillyweed's properties were first discovered by Elladora Ketteridge but credited to Beaumont Marjoribanks about a century later.
- Gillyweed is featured in Magical Water Plants of the Mediterranean and Magical Water Plants of the Highland Lochs, books lent to Neville Longbottom by Barty Crouch Jr., who was posing as Alastor Moody.
- In the film, Neville Longbottom tells Harry about Gillyweed (he learned of it in a book Moody had given him), and Harry is given the actual Gillyweed by Neville and told to put it in his mouth by Crouch/Moody.
- In the book, it is Dobby who tells about and gives Harry the Gillyweed, after overhearing Moody/Barty's staged conversation with Professor McGonagall about which tactic the Champions might use in the Second Task.
- There seems to be some Gillyweed stored in the Herbology Greenhouses as well as Professor Snape's private potion stores.
- Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (video game) (Mentioned on a Famous Wizard Card)
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game) (Mentioned on a Famous Wizard Card)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (First appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game)
- LEGO Harry Potter: Building the Magical World (Mentioned only)
- LEGO Harry Potter: Characters of the Magical World (Mentioned only)
- The Wizarding World of Harry Potter
- LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4


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2nd Grade Research and Inquiry Resources
- Students will look at pictures of different wolf tail postures and read about what these different postures mean.
- Students will assess how different situations would cause a wolf to feel and will draw pictures of different tail postures that correspond with a wolf's reaction to those situations.
- Students will repeat this activity for different wolf body postures.
This Web site was created by T.W.I.N., the Timber Wolf Information Network, an organization dedicated to increasing public understanding and acceptance of the wolf and its ecological role in the environment.
- Have students connect to _URL_ a different page on the same Web site. Have students complete the jigsaw puzzle by clicking on one square of the jumbled picture and then on the site where they'd like to drop it.
- Have students connect to _URL_ and click on Interactive Map in the righthand menu. The interactive map is color-coded to show wolf populations throughout the world. Explain that students may zoom in and read the numbers of wolves living in a specific country by clicking on the map. Have students:
list six places that have large wolf populations.
list six places that have large wolf populations and record the number of wolves living in each.
list the area that has the largest wolf population and the area that has the smallest and record the number of wolves living in each.


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|N E W S F E E D S >>>|
|Past Present Future Index|
Dounreay - Past Present Future
As you come up to land from the foreshore you can see the Dounreay Castle. Excavations were completed a few years ago in what is believed to be one of the most innovative archaeological projects undertaken in the UK. During the 1950's areas of the castle grounds became contaminated when sea discharge experiments were carried out there. As part of its programme to clean up contaminated areas of the site, UKAEA embarked on a project to remove all this material in Autumn 1997. However, given the archaeological significance of the site, it was impossible to simply clear the area in the normal way and archaeologists were called in to advise on the best way to carry out the work without damaging the structure of the castle.
A number of historians and organisations have visited the Castle over the last year and continue to do so on a regular basis.
In total some 200 tonnes of soil and rubble were excavated and data collected is being put together in large scale plans and photographic records. The excavation was carried out layer by layer and the sequence of occupation has been revealed.
Oliver Cromwell's army is known to have camped here in the 17th century.