text:
UCL has today issued a public apology for its links to the eugenics movement.
The apology acknowledges the university's "fundamental role in the development, propagation and legitimisation of eugenics" – which it describes as a "dangerous ideology" – and is part of a range of actions addressing the university's links to eugenics.
These actions follow an independent inquiry into eugenics at UCL, which was commissioned in 2018 after an honorary senior lecturer was found to have been hosting secret, invite-only conferences on eugenics and intelligence with controversial speakers.
UCL's president and provost Professor Michael Arthur (pictured) said: "UCL considers its history of involvement in eugenics to be in direct contradiction to its founding values of equality, openness and humanity.
"As a community, we reject eugenics entirely and are taking a range of actions to acknowledge and address our historical links with the eugenics movement.
"These actions – including our public apology today – are important steps towards understanding and acknowledging inequality within our institution and acting to ensure that UCL becomes fully inclusive for all our staff and students."
We apologise for being slow to interrogate properly the history and legacy of eugenics at UCL, and for failing to act with sufficient speed to remedy the ongoing effects on those in our community who are the targets of the eugenic mentality – UCL
The inquiry published its report and recommendations in February 2020. Recommendations also came from a sub-group of the inquiry team. UCL is responding to both sets with initiatives it says will "acknowledge and address its historical links with the eugenics movement". In June 2020, the provider 'denamed' spaces on its campus that had been named after prominent eugenicists Francis Galton, who coined the term 'eugenics', and Karl Pearson.
Actions that UCL will now take forward include:
- Investment in a comprehensive review and action plan to improve access and experience of disabled students and staff, including addressing physical and digital accessibility issues, collecting more robust data on disability at UCL, improving institutional understanding of the spectrum of disability, and tackling discrimination and unconscious bias
- Improving access for students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds through work to expand UCL's contextual offer scheme
- Greater prominence for the history and legacy of eugenics in UCL's teaching and learning activities
- Expanded opportunities for students to engage with the subject of eugenics, through activities including a specific module in the induction programme for new students, improved access to archives and special collections, and an ongoing programme of exhibitions and engagement, supported by a digital hub
UCL's eugenics apology in full
The apology, made by Professor Michael Arthur on behalf of UCL, reads:
"UCL acknowledges with deep regret that it played a fundamental role in the development, propagation and legitimisation of eugenics. This dangerous ideology cemented the spurious idea that varieties of human life could be assigned different value. It provided justification for some of the most appalling crimes in human history: genocide, forced euthanasia, colonialism and other forms of mass murder and oppression based on racial and ableist hierarchy.
"The legacies and consequences of eugenics still cause direct harm through the racism, antisemitism, ableism and other harmful stereotyping that they feed. These continue to impact on people's lives directly, driving discrimination and denying opportunity, access and representation.
"UCL considers its history of involvement in eugenics to be in direct contradiction to its founding values of equality, openness and humanity. As a community, we reject eugenics entirely.
"We apologise fully, and with humility, to all those who have suffered and to those who are still suffering because of our role in creating the conditions that enabled eugenics to become established and acted upon.
"We apologise for being slow to interrogate properly the history and legacy of eugenics at UCL, and for failing to act with sufficient speed to remedy the ongoing effects on those in our community who are the targets of the eugenic mentality.
"We apologise for honouring individuals who were leading eugenicists through the naming of spaces on campus.
"We recognise that the legacy of eugenics is ongoing and we commit to closing down any opportunity for this legacy to continue unacknowledged and unchallenged. We operate in a climate of academic freedom, but we recognise that the right to freedom of expression is not unfettered.
"UCL pledges to continue to confront its history of eugenics and ongoing legacies openly and critically, and to ensure that UCL staff and students are enabled to do the same."
You might also like: UCL pushes back return to campus until mid-February


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I am not getting Why Size of Class with a member function is 1 byte..While member function is 4 bytes in the following example.
class Test
 int m = 0;
int main()
 Test t1;
 int J = sizeof(t1);
 int K = sizeof(t1.Test11());
 return 0;
Here J becomes 1 Byte and K becomes 4 bytes. If K=4, then why size of class is not 4 bytes instead it shows 1 Byte
share|improve this question
What is the actual return type for Test::Test11? Is it a typo and you meant Test::Test()? The code you posted is not well formed in that it defines a class with a member function that has no return type. – David Rodríguez - dribeas Oct 1 '09 at 6:06
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2 Answers
up vote 12 down vote accepted
The function itself is not actually stored in the class.
Only the class's data members (and possibly its vtable pointer, if it has one) affect its size. The function itself lives in the executable code region, and all instances of the same type of class use that one definition of the function. The compiler does not actually copy out the entirety of a function body every time you create a new instance of the class.
Also, sizeof(t1.Test11()) does not mean "the size of the function Test::Test11's executable code in bytes." It means "the size of the type returned by Test::Test11".
share|improve this answer
It should also be noted that 1 is the minimum value sizeof will ever return. Otherwise, arrays would break badly. – derobert Oct 1 '09 at 4:25
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Function implementation is not contained in each instance of a class, so instance of a class could have size 0, but it is not. Bjarne Stroustrup wrote here why is the size of an empty class not zero?
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The Cat's Paw Swipes Employers
In light of a recent United States Court decision, Staub v. Proctor Hospital, careful employers should consider requiring a review of lower-level managers' and supervisors' recommendations to terminate or take other actions against employees. A review allows more responsible managers to detect ill-motivated decisions that could turn into legal claims. Senior managers, uninvolved in the day-to-day supervision of an employee, can lend a degree of objectivity. They also ensure consistent application of company policies. Depending on the level of scrutiny, a second or third-level review can also ensure proper documentation identify "red flags" and assess potential risks.
Although an approval process is a good idea, it is not a vaccine against employment claims. Even if detailed policies and procedures are in place, the more senior management generally relies on lower-level employees' good faith and skill to report the relevant facts. Further, senior managers cannot always independently assess the facts that lead to a proposed decision. Some may merely "rubber stamp" a recommendation, whether because they are too busy, not trained how to review such recommendations, or because they place too much reliance on the assessment of those "on the ground."
In Staub, the Court explained that decisions tainted by discrimination cannot be cured by an innocent manager's "blessing." Whether or not the final decision maker knew of the unlawful bias, a tainted decision is attributed to the employer. This principle is known as "cat's paw" liability, as explained below.
The employer is liable for discrimination or retaliation if an unlawful bias was a motivating factor in an adverse action. This standard means employers may be liable for discrimination even if there are good reasons for taking action and the discriminatory or retaliatory animus was just one of several motivating factors.
The Staub decision combined with the "motivating factor" liability standard may frustrate employers seeking to prevent liability for unlawful decisions. What is an employer to do? The following provides an overview the "cat's paw" liability Staub affirmed. We also provide some practical steps employers can follow to minimize their potential liability.
Liability for the "Cat's Paw"
As discussed above, a plaintiff claiming unlawful discrimination or retaliation must show that the person making the decision was motivated, at least in part, by bias against plaintiff's engaging in "protected activity" (retaliation) or protected characteristics (e.g., race, religion, sex, etc).
In a cat's paw scenario, a plaintiff alleges that someone else, acting with a discriminatory motive, influenced the decision but was not ultimately responsible for the adverse action taken against the plaintiff. The term "cat's paw" comes from a 1990 court decision in which the court analogized to a fable involving a monkey and a cat. The monkey convinced the cat to reach into a fire and pull out roasting chestnuts. The monkey then took the chestnuts, leaving the cat with nothing except for a burned paw.
Thus, under the cat's paw theory, a lower-level supervisor (monkey) asks the upper level manager (cat) to approve a decision (chestnuts). The manager (cat) is unaware of the peril and ends up approving a decision that was tainted by discrimination.
Before Staub, employers successfully argued that they could not be liable unless the actions of the discriminatory lower-level manager were the "sole influence" for the employer's adverse action. So, if the employer did even a minimal amount of review before approving the lower manager's recommendation, it could escape liability for the lower manager's unlawful motive. Staub killed this strategy.
Staub v. Proctor Hospital
Staub was an Army reservist, whom Proctor Hospital employed until it discharged him in 2004. Staub sued Proctor for violation of the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (– USERRA). Under — USERRA, an employer may be liable for unlawful discrimination if "the person's [military] membership is a motivating factor in the employer's action."
Staub claimed two of his supervisors openly discriminated against him because of his military status and activities. He further alleged that their actions, including trumped up disciplinary warnings for violations of non-existing policies, influenced the ultimate decision to terminate his employment. Staub acknowledged that the person who made the termination decision, the Director of Human Resources, had no discriminatory animus. Rather, she was the unknowing "cat's paw" of the discriminatory supervisors. Nonetheless, Staub argued that his lower-level supervisors discriminatory actions were "a motivating factor" in his termination, because the Human Resources Director based her decision on the supervisors' recommendation.
Proctor Hospital argued the "sole influence" theory to defeat Staub's claims. According to Proctor, the Director of Human Resources performed her own "independent investigation" by reviewing Staub's personnel file to verify past performance issues.
The Supreme Court adopted a broad standard, applying cat's paw liability if: (1) a supervisor acts with discriminatory motive; (2) the discriminatory supervisor intends to cause the adverse action; and (3) the discriminatory act is a "proximate cause" of the adverse action.
Staub's Impact on Internal Investigations
The Court also rejected the argument that a decision maker's independent investigation could scrub the decision clean of any discriminatory motive. That may work sometimes, but not always. If a supervisor has a discriminatory motive, the investigation must reveal an independent basis to support the adverse action. Otherwise, there is a lingering link between the bias and the decision. So long as that link is present, there is potential liability for unlawful discrimination.
Recommendations by lower-level supervisors cannot be "rubber-stamped." Now, there are two potential levels of investigation: (1) investigating whether there is any evidence of discriminatory animus by the lower-level supervisor; and (2) if so, investigating whether there is an independent basis to support the recommended adverse action.
Investigations: Prevention and Protecting Against Cat's Paw Liability
Employers may conduct internal investigations after complaints of discrimination or retaliation arise. However, by the time an investigation is initiated, the negative action likely has already taken place. Accordingly, the potential for cat's paw liability should prompt employers to consider "pre-adverse action" investigations in appropriate cases.
Not every discharge or other adverse action warrants a pre-investigation. For example, a manager responsible for making a decision without the need for approval from superiors does not have to investigate his or her own motivations. This situation may occur in smaller workplaces. It may also occur when the manager making the decision is the supervisor of the employee to be disciplined or discharged.
In cases where decisions are based on subjective criteria, or in larger businesses, however, a fresh look at the circumstances may be warranted. Employers with policies and procedures in place for pre-action review should examine whether the review is sufficiently thorough and systematic to avoid later claims.
At minimum, employers should ensure that decisions are supported by facts that can be verified objectively. If a supervisor wishes to discharge someone for violating a policy, the person reviewing the situation should be satisfied that the facts establishing the violation are verifiable. It is also important to determine whether a policy is applied consistently or selectively.
The investigator/reviewer should assess whether there is a "history" between the employee and supervisor, and whether the employee has made complaints in the past or otherwise could be vulnerable to a decision motivated by an illegal reason.
Identification of corroborating information is another important component. If the lower-level supervisor is recommending termination for attendance issues, have other supervisors identified the same attendance issues with this employee? The more corroboration there is, the less likely it is that there is a discriminatory lower-level supervisor attempting to use the employer as a cat's paw.
Another issue worth examination is to anticipate whether an employee will offer an excuse for the conduct underlying the negative action. It is worth determining if the decision maker is "pouncing" on an error that is attributable to something beyond the employee's control. Although employment is often "at will," the issue here is ensuring that a decision is motivated by lawful considerations.
As with most things employment law, documentation is very important. Managers and supervisors should be required to produce documentation to a reviewer or investigator that establishes the justification for proposed action, particularly if a supervisor takes the position that the employee "knew" of his or her performance deficiency, or that prior counseling had been given.
Other Tools to Help Employer's Avoid Becoming a Cat's Paw
Preventing "cat's paw" liability is consistent with good human resources practices generally. For example, employers should clearly communicate job expectations to employees so they understand what is expected. When an employee is not surprised by adverse action, the chance of a discrimination claim is reduced.
A proper open-door and complaint procedure is also important. When an employee is disciplined and does not seek a review or complain of unfair or discriminatory treatment, that helps the supervisor justify discharge or more severe discipline based on similar reasons.
Proper training also plays a role. Managers and supervisors should be trained how to communicate disciplinary action and job expectations. They also must be alerted to the company's efforts to prevent liability through a proper review procedure discussed above. Supervisors need to understand that their proposed negative actions will be subjected to scrutiny and analysis, which will encourage them to put more thought into their decisions.
The workplaces may seem to require quick decisions and operates at an increasingly faster pace. However, sound human resources policies permit management to "put on the brakes" to review and investigate before taking action that can result in expensive and time consuming employment claims.


text:
The Tremble Pass is not merely an affectation – though the journey to the beyond is a feat worth experiencing a taste of fear, there is something truly worth nightmares standing in the path of all who travel it.
Quaver Cleft is a line, cut into stone. It allows passage through a particularly hazardous section of the pass, the terrain of which is home to razor sharp shale that hides deadly and poisonous insects. The Cleft is free of these hazards, though it is ominous in it's own way, a line of sky much thinner than the 10 meter wide path framing the smooth, triangular passage in a manner that causes most that are aware of the Cleft's properties to grow claustrophobic.
The Cleft is safe. But when travelers enter, they die. Or at least, a fraction do, feeling the weight of the walls press in on them and crush their bones into dust. A traveler never knows whether or not they will be subject to this experience, but one thing is clear: No matter what, the travelers wake up again as if nothing happened, always on the far side of the Cleft closest to their destination.
There are no physical wounds, only psychological, and even equipment is left perfectly intact, despite vivid memories on the part of the victims of being crushed alive.
- Quaver Cleft Hearsay:
There is a woman who frequents the Tremble Pass that has never been "killed" while traversing the Quaver Cleft. Some call her lucky, most call her a Witch, in touch with whatever entity or force chooses the Cleft's victims.
- The Weird of Quaver Cleft:
Those who travel the Quaver Cleft know this effect to be the real thing, and not an illusion. There are bloodstains wherever a victim once lay, and if a group is travelling together, they all 'die', not just a singular individual.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Nowadays, the development of new interactive channels such as instant messaging, social media, e-mail, corporate blog, video interaction, unified communication and office automation is emerging along with the import of new technology such as mobile application, SIP video and WebRTC. Therefore, customer interactions based on the computer desktop and video value-added applications that attached to the 4K video screen are increasing rapidly. Hence, to record the entire process of voice, text, video interactions between agents and customers has been essential to contact center.
VoiceCyber recently released a new generation of contact center home agent client voice, video, screen recording product- VCLog SoIP v3.3. This product able record every customer interaction process including voice interaction, screen operation and video interaction through a multi-dimensional recording method. This ensure an intuitive view of the behavior performance and emotional expression of agents during the interaction between agents and customers.
VCLog SoIP is using technology based on the underlying screen data interface of Windows agent computer, GPU codec and WebSocket while integrating with the self-developed image data dynamic storage algorithm. Synchronous recording and video monitoring for the voice and camera of remote agent computer are added on the basis of the single agent screen recording feature. Recorded files can be uploaded to headquarter for centralized management and storage.
Fully Embrace Cloud Era:
- Support cloud desktop
- Cross-Operating System: Windows; Linux
- Cross-Browser: HTML5 architecture, no plugins required
Fully Improve System Features:
- Support WebSocket to preform multiple screens live monitoring
- Support multiple screens recording feature; support special application scenarios such as duo screens and triple screens
- Video format as general MP4; easy for third-party system integration
- Provide a comprehensive system operation status alarm mechanism such as client, mail, short message, SNMP, etc.
- Supports soft compression based on dynamic compression algorithms and hard compression based on GPU H.264 to 265 transcoding
- Provide centralized management mechanism; centralized management and parameter passing is carried out through centralized platform
- Support picture-in-picture mode to monitor agent computer camera synchronously; fully monitor the service status of home agents
- Provide features such as search, playback and file upload of voice, video and screen recording files
- Provide standard Restful API port; allow integrate recording search or playback feature with CRM
Fully Improve Product Features:
- Single terminal monitoring requires bandwidth less than 50kbps
- File size for one-hour screen recording file is as low as 20MB
- Single server supports 1000 registered agents with 500 concurrent recordings
- Operating memory of screen recording client is less than 100MB; consume less than 10% CPU usage
- Support high availability cluster deployment; a single server downtime will not cause operation interruption
- Support client video recording file upload to NAS storage; support upload to a storage device then file backups through asynchronous archiving
Fully Meet Security Compliance:
- Support screen watermark feature to prevent photo leakage
- Support client screen recording data automatic verify and upload
- Support client screen recording service and process daemon; prevent accidental stop service and end process
- Support client video recording prompt; display live video recording content in client screen to prevent any illegal video recording
VCLog SoIP is able to integrate with the VoiceCyber Intelligent Quality Inspection ICCM to add in screen interaction data as record supplement for better quality inspection management. Through VCLog BI, the data aggregation analysis will be optimized and the powerful data integration analysis capability of the contact center is visualized. These products are dedicated to enhance customer service experience management level while increasing the operation and management efficiency of the contact center. Hence, the success rate of sales and marketing will be elevated eventually and contact centers are always supported by VoiceCyber products for better strategic decision making.
Since its establishment in 2001, VoiceCyber Co., Ltd. has been committing to provide contact center with the best workforce optimization solutions (WFO), with products included contact center recording and monitoring of voice, video and screen, intelligent quality inspection, business intelligence, artificial intelligence, etc.
The company has established R&D center in Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, Changsha with Shanghai as the headquarter. The sales and services network of VoiceCyber are spread all over the world including Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Kuala Lumpur. VoiceCyber Co., Ltd. has long-term services for the financial, communications, government, transportation, manufacturing, electric power, medical and other industries.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
|Home page Society|
By the end of 2022, it is planned to restore five more small hydropower plants (HPPs) with a total capacity of 100.27 megawatts in Karabakh.
Axar.az reports that the statement came from Tabriz Ammayev, director of the State Agency for Renewable Energy Sources under the Ministry of Energy.
"Electricity is expected to be generated in the liberated areas from renewable energy sources. First of all, we are talking about the use of water, wind and solar energy. Work is underway. Four small hydropower plants have been fully restored and provide electricity to these areas. It is planned to restore five more small hydropower plants with a capacity of 100.27 megawatts, "he said.
The director added that BP is completing the construction project and capacity assessment of a 240-megawatt power plant in the Jabrayil region.
"In addition, within the framework of the memorandum signed between the Ministry of Energy and Masdar (UAE), work is underway to assess the potential of solar and hydroelectric power plants with a capacity of 100 megawatts each," Ammayev said.
2022.05.26 / 21:36


text:
Serving youth and families of Maryland's First Judicial Circuit
First Judicial Circuit
Regional Program Manager
Nicole Higgins, Case Manager
Alison Bergeron, Case Manager
Myles Burgess, Case Manager
Alison Bergeron, Case Manager
The purpose of the Truancy Reduction Court Program (TRCP) is to improve school attendance and positively affect the youth and their family's attitudes about education through a nurturing approach. Every effort is made to ultimately build a relationship between the family, the school, and the court. Participation in the court's program brings families the added benefit and services of a court‐appointed case manager to determine the reasons for poor attendance, navigate school requirements, facilitate communication, and make referrals for community‐based services when appropriate.
Serving more than 259 youths and their families in the 2022 fiscal year, the TRCP is providing full-service truancy case management and utilizing a proactive approach designed to address the causes of truancy and improve the student's attendance, attachment, and achievement in the school environment. TRP serves as a proactive intervention rather than a punitive reaction.
Maryland's Truancy Reduction Program was first implemented during the 2001 school year. This problem-solving court was created to battle the oppressive volume of youth who were truant during that particular year. It has been widely noted that truant behavior is commonly linked to other forms of delinquency, thus leading to negative contact with law enforcement and subsequent incarceration.
In 2004, the General Assembly created the Truancy Reduction Pilot Program (HB1443) to serve the needs of students and families within Maryland's First Judicial Circuit. Codified at §3‐8C‐01 through §3‐8C‐10, the program, now simply known as the Truancy Reduction Court Program (TRCP), began in Wicomico County in December 2004. It continued to develop throughout the lower eastern shore with the additions of Somerset County (November 2005), Worcester County (January 2007), and Dorchester County (March 2007).
for Success in School and Life
- Set a regular bedtime and morning routine for your child.
- Lay out clothes, make lunches and pack backpacks the night before.
- Discuss the importance of school and attendance with your child.
- Follow the school's attendance policy for absence, late arrival, and early departure.
- Use email to submit absence notes directly to your child's school.
- Avoid appointments and extended trips when school is in session.
- Choose a school club or activity for your child to participate in for fun.
- Meet with your child's teacher or school counselor regularly.
- Download the school communication app to view attendance records regularly.
TRCP is a four-phase, six to nine-month program to engage with and help rehabilitate youth and families that have tolerated, fostered, or recently developed truant behavior by the youth.
Referrals to the Program are initiated upon the receipt of a truancy petition, filed by the local public school system in the county circuit court. The Program is not designed to supplant the initial administrative interventions taken by the local school system. The expectation of the court is that the local school system will continually make all available efforts to address unlawful absenteeism and barriers to attendance prior to the first appearance in court.
Families who have received a truancy petition from the court are encouraged to contact the truancy court case manager assigned to their county of residence.
The first appearance in court shall be for an adjudicatory hearing to determine if the youth is truant. The presiding magistrate shall inform the youth and their family of the purpose of the Program, the expectations of the Court, and deliver an age‐appropriate litany.
Most often immediately after a finding of truancy, the disposition hearing begins to uncover the reasons for truant behavior and determine the appropriateness of the youth and family for Program participation. Additionally, the Public School Liaison will share academic, conduct, and attendance history/challenges to allow the presiding magistrate a more holistic perspective of needs and relevant services.
Upon recommendation of the parties and Program staff, the presiding magistrate may order assessments and services as deemed necessary and the youth/family will formally enter the Program. All entries into the Program (even cases involving previous participants/graduates of the Program) begin at Phase One.
School Attendance in Maryland
Maryland law requires regular school attendance unless a student is excused with a lawful absence. This applies to youth who reside in the state and are five years and older up to the age of 18. Once a child has reached the age of 18, he or she is no longer required by law to be enrolled in school. Md. Code Ann., Educ., §7-301
Under Maryland law, a truant youth is one who is unlawfully absent from school for more than 8 days in any quarter, 15 days in any semester, or 20 days in a school year.
Md. Code Ann., Educ., §7-302.2
An absence, including absence for any portion of the day, for any reason other than those cited as lawful (below) is presumed to be unlawful and may constitute truancy.
Md. Code Regs. 13A.08.01.04
Students presently enrolled in public schools are considered lawfully absent from school, including absence for any portion of the day, only under the following conditions:
- Death in the immediate family. The local school system shall determine what relationships constitute the immediate family.
- Illness of the student. The principal or a pupil personnel worker shall require a physician's certificate from the parent or guardians of a student reported continuously absent for illness.
- Pregnancy and parenting-related conditions as determined by the local school system, including absences due to:
- Labor, delivery, recovery, and prenatal and postnatal medical appointments;
- Illness or a medical appointment of the student's child; and
- A legal appointment involving the pregnant or parenting student related to family law proceedings, including adoption, custody, and visitation.
- Court summons.
- Hazardous weather conditions. Hazardous weather conditions shall be interpreted to mean weather conditions which would endanger the health or safety of the student when in transit to and from school.
- Work approved or sponsored by the school, the local school system, or the State Department of Education, accepted by the local superintendent of schools or the school principal, or their designees as reason for excusing the students.
- Observance of a religious holiday.
- State emergency.
- Lack of authorized transportation. This does not include students denied authorized transportation for disciplinary reasons.
- Other emergency or set of circumstances which, in the judgment of the superintendent or designee, constitutes a good and sufficient cause for absence from school.
Md. Code Regs. 13A.08.01.03


text:
Respond to all lift station alarms. Drawdown Volume = L X W X H Rectangular Formula- Answer in ft3_ _ _ _ _ This will get you to Cubic Feet now sheet convert Cubic Feet to Gallons 7. A step- drawdown test ( or step test) is a single- well pumping test designed to investigate the performance of a pumping well under controlled variable discharge conditions. Pump Calibration Procedure Materials Required:. The draw down test is conducted to measure the pumping rate in order to verify that the pumps will operate at the specified flow requirements. 3 GPM 3 300 gallons per day. LIFT STATION PUMP CALIBRATION. OVERVIEW OF A test TYPICAL JES SUBMERSIBLE LIFT STATION. Pump sheet Field Test Calculator. The peak lift station flow in gpm is used to determine the appropriate sized pump to use for bypassing flow from the lift station. Collection Systems Technology Fact Sheet Sewers, Lift Station DESCRIPTION Wastewater lift stations are facilities designed to move wastewater from lower to higher elevation through pipes. curve for a duplex lift station test that was designed to pump 400 GPM into a gravity main against a static head of 48 feet. Pumping Rate= Drawdown Volume + Refill Volume Drawdown Time Refill Time 1. Drawdown Volume =. The sheet Drawdown combo calculator is designed for older wells sheet that use a partition to accommodate both sheet wet and dry pits in the same well. I' d do a drawdown test to. flow for this lift station is approximately 8 sheet GPM which equates to 11 500 gallons per day.
Allow the water level to return to the original height and record the time. " Drawdown is the drop in the level of water in a sheet well when water is being pumped. Drawdown is usually measured in feet or meters. This can increase drawdown accuracy in smaller wet wells. Report all problems with the lift station to the operations supervisor. The pumps' corrosion- resistant construction makes them highly durable in wastewater applications where low- head pumps are suitable. The drawdown first requirement for the draw down test is having water available onsite. This test is an important part of commissioning new lift stations and there are things to consider onsite to complete this test. The influent flow to the lift station rises at a rate of test 8 feet in 10 minutes , with the pump running, with no sheet pump running the rise rate is 5 feet in 10 minutes. 48= _ _ _ _ _ gallons. Aug 04 · The lift station has a diameter of 10 feet a depth of 25 feet. guide is an introduction to well drawdown. 2 Observed Lift Station Capacity. Maintain all required lift station field logs. A test 50- HP drawdown Crown submersible pump ( Model 5 CH225 STD) that was provided by the Blue Star well - drilling company and employed for initial well development activities was used to perform the step- drawdown test. A drawing on the sheet explains their use. spread sheet on the " Pump Sizing, sheet sheet Selection & Testing Tools" page at PumpEd101. Technical Data Sheet. Sept - Lift Station Level drawdown Control - Almost. Key elements of lift stations include a wastewater receiving well ( wet- well),.
A test 50- HP drawdown Crown submersible pump ( Model 5 CH225 STD) that was provided by the Blue Star well - drilling company and employed for initial well development activities was used to perform the step- drawdown test. A drawing on the sheet explains their use. spread sheet on the " Pump Sizing, sheet sheet Selection & Testing Tools" page at PumpEd101. Technical Data Sheet. Sept - Lift Station Level drawdown Control - Almost. Key elements of lift stations include a wastewater receiving well ( wet- well),.
Lift station drawdown test sheet. _ _ _ _ _ ft3 X 7. This compares with the average flow rate recorded for this lift station during the drawdown testing of 2. A pumping test is a field experiment drawdown in which a well is pumped at a controlled rate more surrounding observation wells , optionally in the pumped well ( control well) itself; response data from pumping tests are used to estimate the hydraulic drawdown properties of aquifers, water- level response is measured in one , evaluate well performance identify aquifer boundaries. 785 X D X D X H Cylindrical 1a.
the lift station, standby generator, and access road. The locations of incoming sewers and manholes were recorded and also surveyed. The survey drawings of the lift station are presented in Attachment E. The drawdown testing of this lift station was carried out over an 11- day period from March 14 to.
lift station drawdown test sheet
PUMP STATION START- UP and TROUBLESHOOTING MANUAL. Do not lift pump by the power cord.


text:
In 2021-22, round table gatherings will take place across the province with Indigenous artists, organizations, groups and communities to discuss and celebrate Indigenous creative/cultural spaces. Notes from each gathering as well as a document summarizing the gatherings will be posted publicly. Gathering discussions will consider questions such as:
- What is working/not working?
- What is needed?
- Where should spaces be located?
- Who should lead them?
- How can we extend partnership networks?
- How can we learn from each other?
Gatherings will be hosted by an Indigenous Advisory Circle member in 10 communities across Ontario. The communities include:
- Manitoulin Island
- Nipissing Region
- Six Nations
- Thunder Bay
Gathering summaries will be shared with the direction of the Indigenous Advisory Circle.


text:
University of Alabama in Huntsville
The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) is a state supported public university founded in 1969. UAH is an accredited university with five colleges: engineering, nursing, science, business and liberal arts. UAH confers Bachelor, Master's and Doctoral degrees. UAH is best known for its work in astrophysics and atmospheric science. UAH managed the first commercial non-government rocket program. The first high-temperature superconductor was discovered and built at UAH. UAH has a Space Grant and it conducted experiments on the Soviet Space Station, Mir. The National Space Science and Technology Center is on the campus of UAH. UAH has nearly 4200 undergraduate, graduate and post-doctoral students at the present time.
- 301 Sparkman Drive Huntsville, AL 35899
Some content from Wikipedia,
licensed under CC BY-SA


text:
(The). The six points of the People's Charter,
formulated in 1848, are: Manhood Suffrage (now practically
Vote by Ballot (established).
Abolition of Property.
Qualification for Members of Parliament (the Qualification Test is
abolished). Equal Electoral Districts.
Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894
More on People's Charter from Infoplease:
- Chartism: meaning and definitions - Chartism: Definition and Pronunciation
- Chartism - Chartism Chartism, workingmen's political reform movement in Great Britain, 1838–48. It...
- People's Charter - People's Charter: People's Charter: see Chartism.
- People's Charter - People's Charter (The). The six points of the People's Charter, formulated in 1848, are:...
- Francis Place - Place, Francis Place, Francis, 1771–1854, English radical reformer. A tailor for many years,...
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How many inches gained during pregnancy
Keep how many inches gained during pregnancy your
Wu-hoo!. If you how many inches gained during pregnancy think your child is shifting much less typically you should not ignore it. A health care provider in a particular hospital suggested me to opt for Caesarian, citing entanglement of umbilical cord. Silka, I am so sorry for your loss. residency - comparable to highschool and school transcripts, how many inches gained during pregnancy different documents. Persevering with schooling for busy birth professionals who want to be taught at their very own tempo, in their very own space. Pregnancy checks work by detecting a otc progesterone for pregnancy pregnant hormone known as beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), which might be in your urine for those who're pregnant. Sadly this additionally causes instability in our pelvis. It's a good suggestion to go to your dentist at this time, as being pregnant can affect your oral well being. When to See a Doctor: Contact your pregnancy care provider promptly if you begin to feel persistent of extreme itchiness. Your breasts will continue to grow and should begin to secrete a small quantity of skinny fluid known as colostrum. If BBT drops then you'll get your periods on time and the pregnancy outcome shall be unfavourable. Thus, by no means delay in visiting the physician whenever you bleed. In the period of pregnancy, the body undergoes many adjustments that may trigger a person to really feel unusually tired. It's often observed inside a few weeks after conception. Mastitis, an an infection of milk-producing tissue, will be easily detected by hand. I stopped breastfeeding over a month and a bit ago and the lumps went away. Whereas some weight acquire is predicted, the more you acquire during being pregnant, the more you will have to work to slim down after you might how many inches gained during pregnancy your child. Clearblue can detect tiny quantities of this hormone in your urine. Unfortunately, many ladies with PCOS are poor in a single or both of these nutrients. Just the truth that I live with my mam i'm 23, not married, How many inches gained during pregnancy would bromazepam safe pregnancy just a little shocked. Making up about 25 p. It is not crucial to interact in heavy workouts. Some courageous couples volunteered to be scanned utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while having sex. These could be lean meats or vegetarian combinations. This test provides a special estimate that cannot be substituted for a physician's dedication of gestational age. Typically healthcare providers can have you collect your urine for 12 or 24 hours to find out the precise amount of protein in the urine. There isn't a blame hooked up to your baby being born too early in any state of affairs. The bouts of nausea and vomiting have an effect on 70 to eighty five p. This is known as the first trimester. Single copies are freed from cost. How many inches gained during pregnancy used to be so heartbreaking to go through this again. Many women declare that sure foods make them feel queasy - whereas others experience a craving for different meals.
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How to Make a Cheap Underground Shelter
In the 1940s and 1950s, underground shelters gave citizens the peace of mind that, in the event of a nuclear catastrophe, they'd be able to survive. Those shelters are still used in areas prone to tornadoes and other natural disasters. Today, people still attempt to prepare for man-made or natural disasters by building underground shelters, which range from crude pits to high-tech concrete bunkers. Inexpensive yet effective shelters fall somewhere in-between.
...
Underground shelters provide good protection from tornadoes.
Step 1
Dig a hole in the ground. Using a shovel, dig a 12-foot-wide, 16-foot-long and 8-or-more-foot-deep hole. Line the hole with the plastic sheeting and tape the seams with the waterproof tape to prevent moisture from leaking in.
Step 2
Build the frame. Using the 2-inch by 6-inch boards, build an 11-foot-10-1/2-inch by 7-foot-10-1/2-inch by 8-foot frame for the underground shelter. Be sure to frame up an entry point large enough to get people, supplies and equipment inside.
Step 3
Cover the frame. Using the plywood, cover the frame and secure each panel with the deck screws. Seal each seam with silicone caulk. Build a hatch to cover the entrance to the shelter. Install the vent tubes so the shelter can get fresh air.
Step 4
Carefully cover the shelter with the plastic wrap. Take care not to puncture the plastic so the shelter is waterproof. Fill the hole in around the shelter with the dirt removed while digging the hole. Cover the shelter with dirt. Make sure that the entrance and the vent tubes don't get covered.


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About John Morris Sheppard
John Morris Sheppard (May 28, 1875 – April 9, 1941) was a Democratic United States Congressman and United States Senator from Texas. He authored the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) and introduced it in the Senate, so that he is referred to as "the father of national Prohibition."
John Morris Sheppard was born in Morris County in east Texas, the oldest of seven children, to lawyer and later judge and United States Representative John Levi Sheppard and his wife the former Margaret Alice Eddins.
Through his mother Margaret, Morris was a direct descendent of Robert Morris (1734–1806) who had signed the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution.
Sheppard enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin in 1891 and received his B.A. degree from there in 1895, as well as his LL.B. from University of Texas School of Law in 1897. It was while enrolled at UT-Austin Law School that Sheppard became a member of the Methodist Church. He was also a close friend and classmate of future Governor of Texas Pat Neff and future U. S. Senator Tom Connally while at the University of Texas School of Law. In 1898, he received his LL.M. from Yale University.
He began practicing law with his father in Pittsburg, Texas and later Texarkana.
In 1902, Morris Sheppard was elected as a Democrat to replace his deceased father in the United States House of Representatives. He held a seat until his resignation in 1913, when he succeeded in his bid to fill a vacancy in the Senate.
Sheppard held his Senate seat until his death in Washington, D.C. in 1941, serving as Democratic whip between 1929 and 1933. Future U.S. President and then-representative Lyndon B. Johnson ran unsuccessfully for Sheppard's Senate seat in the special election called after Sheppard's death.
As Senator, Sheppard sponsored progressive reform legislation promoting rural credit programs, child labor laws, and antitrust laws. He was also an advocate of the Women's suffrage in the United States.
During his tenure, he was a vocal supporter of the temperance movement. He helped write the Webb-Kenyon Act (1913) to regulate the interstate shipment of alcoholic beverages, authored the Sheppard Bone-Dry Act (1916) to impose prohibition on the District of Columbia, introduced the Senate resolution for the Eighteenth Amendment establishing national prohibition, and helped write the Volstead Act which provided for its enforcement.
However, during the Prohibition era, a still that produced 130 gallons of moonshine per day was discovered on a Texas ranch that Sheppard owned.
Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act of 1921
Co-sponsored by Morris Sheppard and Horace Mann Towner, the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 provided Federal matching funds for services aimed to reduce maternal and infant mortality. The funding included: midwife training; visiting nurses for pregnant women and new mothers; distribution of nutrition and hygiene information; health clinics, doctors and nurses, for pregnant women, mothers and children.
Federal Credit Union Act of 1934
Senator Morris Sheppard and Congressman Wright Patman are considered the fathers of the Federal Credit Union Act of 1934. Sheppard was the act's author. The bill had stalled in the United States House of Representatives considerably shortening the time the Senate had to pass the final version. Rather than sending the bill to a Conference Committee, Sheppard asked the United States Senate to pass the bill unanimously without reading the bill or the amendments. The bill passed the Senate unanimously. The Morris Sheppard Credit Union in Texarkana, Texas carries the Senator's name, while the institution's local credit union chapter is named after Congressman Patman.
On December 1, 1909, Sheppard married Lucille Sanderson. The couple had three daughters. Sheppard and his wife were the grandparents of Connie Mack, III, Republican U.S. Senator from Florida, and great-grandparents of Connie Mack IV, Republican U.S. Representative from Florida. Other Sheppard grandsons were Democrat Richard Sheppard Arnold (1936–2004) and Republican Morris Sheppard "Buzz" Arnold (born 1941), federal appeals court judges in Arkansas. The federal courthouse in Little Rock is named in Judge Richard Arnold's honor. Judge Morris Arnold, a Republican, remains on the Eighth Circuit court under senior status.
Senator Morris died in office of a brain hemorrhage on April 9, 1941. He is interred at Hillcrest Cemetery in Texarkana, Texas.
The year following Sheppard's death, Lucille Sanderson Sheppard, married United States Senator from Texas, Tom Connally. Senator Connally also pre-deceased Lucille. When she died in 1980, she was buried with her first husband Morris Sheppard in Hillcrest Cemetery.


Swiss brown bear policy in place, as bears migrate back
Swiss brown bear (image: ©2009 Josef Griffel/Swiss federal environment office)
Bern, Switzerland (GenevaLunch) - The Swiss brown bear is coming home and while he's being welcomed with open arms, he will have to get used to new rules that should make it harder for him to become too familiar with humans. The federal government laid out its brown bear management policy in 2006 after the first brown bear in a century appeared in 2005.
Four bears have since been seen in Switzerland, but two have since died, and one has disappeared.
The federal environment department has just revised the policy, putting greater emphasis on educating the public and ensuring that the bears' likelihood of survival is increased by making it harder for them to forage for food around human habitations.
Federal environment office information page on Swiss bears, Fre
National parks and canton Graubuenden brochure, pdf, on contact with and behaviour around bears, Fre


text:
pico Primer for Competitors - Shell Chapter - Got Shell? Section
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
|Q.4: What does '$' mean?|
|A.4: '$' is a separator. Everything before it is the computer generated prompt and everything after is the user typed command|
|Note on answer: Most example commands I show will start with '$' just as an indicator that the example command is ran in the shell.|
Oct 28, 2022
thanks @Exzou was wondering the difference between the '$' and the '#' on my kali linux shell but is root just like admin privileges?
Jan 2, 2023
Yes @jmorgan28-01. You're right.
Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment
mmmmm not really.
$is a standard privilege user
#is root. No passwords or
The reason you often see a
$sign in an example is to show you which user you need to be in order for the script / command to work.
Example 1: Q0h313th@pico-2019-shelll1:~$
The dollar sign in example 1 indicates you're running your commands as a standard user and need elevated permissions for certain commands. When you use
sudoit is because you do not have root privileges. You use
sudoto temporarily elevate your privileges and then enter the accounts password. if your account looked like:
Example 2: root@pico-2019-shelll1:~#
[notice the pound (often referred to as a hashtag in mainstream media now) verses the $ dollar sign] In example 2 you are now running as root. A command which previously needed
sudofollowed by your accounts password scan now be entered without
sudoand it will run. This is obviously very dangerous, which is why the $ user and the need of
sudowith a password following was set up.
A more accurate and concise answer can be found here:


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It is commonly accepted that production control systems should correspond to the context within which they are operating, i.e. the production situation. However, rarely is this context indicated or made explicit; for example, the boundary conditions or the range of validity of a particular production control method. Thus, it is the aim of this paper to analyze how the production context could more systematically be taken into account when determining which production control system to use. Whilst it is acknowledged that contextual issues can be approached in a variety of ways, this is dependent on the perspective being considered (e.g. from a management hierarchy perspective, or a process stage perspective). This investigation looks at context from a process stage perspective and firstly considers the major production control approaches (such as CPM, Line-of-Balance, Last Planner System and Critical Chain) to determine their range of validity. Secondly, we endeavour to identify a typology of production control situations (ideal types), together with a suggestion for production control in each case. Finally, we attempt to deconstruct production control into its constituent elements and evaluate the alternative suggestions at this elemental level in relation to their contextual assumptions. In the paper, all three approaches are discussed and illustrated, based on prior literature and field observations.
Production control, Methods, Typology, Decision functions.


ML Sillah was the former head of Amnesty International Gambia
Gambian Ethnologist has advised parents to inculcate the spirit of association among their children in the Diaspora. Ebrima Kamara, who is based in Stockholm, Sweden, is the guest of The Talking Point on Kairo Radio today.
The program coordinator, Mohamed Lamin Sillah, talked to Kamara on a wide range of issues.
Mr. Kamara said despite their busy and sometimes complicated work schedules, parents need to spare time for their children. He said children should be helped to understand why they need to belong to associations, develop social skills and understand their complex world.
Kamara wanted parents to take their children to the park, help them with their homework as well as tell them stories instead of leaving them confined in institutions they (parents) have not got clear understanding of.
Gambian ethnologist believed in the power of association which breeds empowerment and strength. He said the importance of associations cannot be underestimated but that successful associations require efforts, understanding and patience.
Kamara said differences in values is mostly responsible for the failure of our associations. This means inculcating values in children so they see the need to associate and give back to the country of their parents.
Mr. Kamara said the key to success lies in rallying around a national objective to succeed. He wanted Gambians to bury their differences, coexist and live in harmony.
Mr ML Sillah also spoke to Suntou Touray, Kairo News Political Editor on the infamous comment uttered by a Gambian opposition politician. Instead of launching arsenal on the Gambia's common enemy – the man who is bent on destroying everything Gambian, including tribal cohesion – Henry Gomez badmouthed Mandinka ethnic group. Gomez, the leader of the Gambia Party for Democratic and Progress, said on a Freedom Radio show that 'Sosseh du sossal ken' meaning "Mandinkas are greedy people."
The duo also discussed issues on mass protest and how such occasions can arise and properly managed without incurring loss of life.
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The PlayStation5 console has been on the market for a few years, and if you're fortunate enough to own one, you're probably familiar with its functions by now. While the PS5 may seem like a straightforward console at first glance (you can play games, watch streaming media apps, and connect with friends online), if you do a little digging through the menus, you may learn that the video game console has a few exciting hidden features for gamers to enjoy.
RELATED: How the PSVR 2 Could Revolutionise the PlayStation 5
While everyone has been focusing on the PS5's most notable features, such as adaptive triggers and a built-in microphone, there is a hidden button that can elevate average gaming to a whole new level, as well as free perks features that PlayStation fans can use to maximize fun on their console.
Immersive 3D Audio
Some PS5 and PS4 owners may already be aware of the 3D audio setting as something to use with headphones, but according to Tom's Guide, the PS5 also has a 3D audio setting for TV speakers.
The hidden 3D audio feature employs an experimental element included with the latest PlayStation console to make games sound more immersive whether you choose to use headphones or not.
The technology behind 3D audio is based on the concept of binaural audio, which mimics the way our ears perceive sound in real life. By using advanced algorithms and processing techniques, the deluxe console can create a virtual soundstage that accurately reflects the position and movement of objects in a game. It allows you to pinpoint the exact location of a sound and determine how close or far away it is from you, allowing you to plan your actions accordingly. This means players can hear subtle details like footsteps or rustling leaves with greater clarity and accuracy, making it easier to locate enemies and navigate complex environments. This can be particularly useful in games where sound cues are important for gameplay, such as first-person shooters or survival horror games.
You can enable 3D audio in the Sound menu under Audio Output. Simply flip the toggle, and the PS5 should prompt you to calibrate the system. But be warned, the 3D audio calibration process involves fairly loud and abrasive sounds that you should be fully prepared for before beginning. Once calibrated, you'll be able to experience immersive audio that accurately simulates sound sources in a three-dimensional space.
Of course, not all games will benefit from 3D audio and some players may find it distracting or unnecessary. So, if you do decide to activate 3D audio on your gaming device and it turns out to be a bust, you can simply turn it off again by flipping the toggle back.
RELATED: The Portable PlayStation 5 Is Here
The majority of PlayStation 5 fans are probably already aware of accеss to a numbеr of frее gamеs, including titlеs likе Fortnitе and Apеx Lеgеnds. However, you may be unaware that numerous other games are available at no additional cost.
The latest console offers a wide range of free games that cater to different interests and preferences. Whether you're a fan of action-packed shooters or more laid-back simulation games, there's something for everyone to enjoy without spending any extra money. Some popular free games on PlayStation 5 include Call of Duty: Warzone, Rocket League, and Destiny 2. These games offer hours of entertainment and allow players to compete against each other in online multiplayer modes.
Additionally, various indie games are available for free, such as Genshin Impact and Dauntless. These games may have a different level of recognition than some of the more notable titles, but they offer unique gameplay experiences worth checking out.
Simply navigate to the PlayStation Store's (All Free to Play Games) category and download to your heart's content.
The infamous adaptive triggers on the PS5 DualSense controller have been hotly debated among gamers. These triggers add a new level of immersion to the gameplay by allowing players to feel the tension and resistance of their in-game actions. However, some argue that these features are unnecessary or distracting. If you are one such player, there's no reason to fret, as the adaptive triggers can be turned off in the settings menu.
One of the many great things about the PS5 controllеr is that it allows the user to customize the force applied. This means players can adjust the triggers to their liking, whether they prefer a light touch or a more forceful response.
You can change the vibration settings on your device by going to the Accеssibility or Accеssoriеs menu. When you get to the main menu, select the 'controllеr' option to adjust the level of the triggеr effect as well as the vibration. Once there, you can adjust the effect to your liking or switch it off completely.
The PS5 is undoubtedly a top-tier gaming console that provides an unrivalled gaming experience. The console has some fantastic hidden features that set it apart from the competition. So, if you haven't already, be sure to use its incredible features to level up your game experience.
RELATED: PS5 Dev Kit vs PlayStation 5 – What Are The Differences?


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-many" model relationship.
A degenerate dimension refers to an attribute of the fact table that is required for filtering. At Adventure Works, the reseller sales order number is a good example. In this case, it doesn't make good model design sense to create an independent table consisting of just this one column, because it would increase the model storage size and result in Fields pane clutter.
In the Power BI model, it can be appropriate to add the sales order number column to the fact-type table to allow filtering or grouping by sales order number. It is an exception to the formerly introduced rule that you should not mix table types (generally, model tables should be either dimension-type or fact-type).
However, if the Adventure Works resellers sales table has order number and order line number columns, and they're required for filtering, a degenerate dimension table would be a good design. For more information, see One-to-one relationship guidance (Degenerate dimensions).
Factless fact tables
A factless fact table doesn't include any measure columns. It contains only dimension keys.
A factless fact table could store observations defined by dimension keys. For example, at a particular date and time, a particular customer logged into your web site. You could define a measure to count the rows of the factless fact table to perform analysis of when and how many customers have logged in.
A more compelling use of a factless fact table is to store relationships between dimensions, and it's the Power BI model design approach we recommend defining many-to-many dimension relationships. In a many-to-many dimension relationship design, the factless fact table is referred to as a bridging table.
For example, consider that salespeople can be assigned to one or more sales regions. The bridging table would be designed as a factless fact table consisting of two columns: salesperson key and region key. Duplicate values can be stored in both columns.
This many-to-many design approach is well documented, and it can be achieved without a bridging table. However, the bridging table approach is considered the best practice when relating two dimensions. For more information, see Many-to-many relationship guidance (Relate two dimension-type tables).
For more information about star schema design or Power BI model design, see the following articles:
- Dimensional modeling Wikipedia article
- Create and manage relationships in Power BI Desktop
- One-to-one relationship guidance
- Many-to-many relationship guidance
- Bi-directional relationship guidance
- Active vs inactive relationship guidance
- Questions? Try asking the Power BI Community
- Suggestions? Contribute ideas to improve Power BI
Submit and view feedback for


Effects of intermittent and continuous pheromone stimulation on the flight behaviour of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta
MARK A. WILLIS, THOMAS C. BAKER
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
135 Scopus citations
Abstract
ABSTRACT. When male oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Tortricidae), casting in clean air entered an airstream permeated with pheromone their flight tracks changed immediately on initial contact with pheromone, but after a few seconds returned to casting as if in clean air. The degree of change in the flight track was directly related to the concentration of pheromone. Although little net uptunnel movement occurred in response to the continuous stimulation provided by a uniformly permeated airstream, when an intermittent stimulus provided by a point‐source plume was superimposed onto the permeated airstream moths were able to 'lock on' and zigzag uptunnel in the plume. The percentage of moths doing so corresponded to the difference between the peak concentration within the plume and the background concentration of pheromone permeating the airstream. Moths also locked onto, and flew upwind along the pheromone‐clean‐air boundary formed along a pheromone‐permeated side corridor. Because a similar response was observed along a horizontal edge between a pheromone‐permeated floor corridor and clean air, we conclude that the intermittent stimulation at the edge perpetuated the narrow zigzagging response to pheromone.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)341-358
Number of pages18
JournalPhysiological Entomology
Volume9
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 1984
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
 - Physiology
 - Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
 - Insect Science
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text:
Due to its larger wing and its lower speed, people may think that paragliding is safer than hang gliding, however, they are both as safe. For Hang gliders, the very few accidents that happen are due to a high speed, whereas for paragliders, it is due to the lack of thermal winds. However, accidents are extremely rare!
Whats more dangerous hang gliding or skydiving?
The annual fatality rate of skydiving is 1 in 1,580. Skydiving is a bit safer than hang-gliding, roughly 3x. Its definitely not 180x safer, which is the very first thing the infographic implies.
How safe are hang gliders?
How safe are hang gliders? As safe as the person flying them. Like any form of sport aviation, hang gliding can be dangerous if pursued carelessly. The majority of pilots fly their entire careers without sustaining a serious injury.
How fast is a hang glider?
Hang gliders are now made of aircraft aluminum or carbon fiber, stainless steel cable and Dacron (the same material sailboat sails are made of) and weigh between 45 lbs. and 90 lbs. Although gliders normally fly between 20 and 30 mph, they can reach speeds in excess of 80 mph and have a glide ratio of up to 16:1.
Is hang gliding an expensive hobby?
An entirely new set up will typically cost upwards of $5,500, while a used set up is closer to $3,500. Combined with training, you are looking at a cost range between $5,000 and $8,000.
How long does a parasailing ride last?
Although the trip usually lasts about an hour-and-a-half, you will be in flight for about six to ten minutes.
How long can you stay in the air in a glider?
How long can I stay up? Gliders can remain flying as long as there is lift available. Using thermals, this is about 8 hours. By using prevailing winds blowing up a slope, a glider can be flown for as long as the wind is blowing.
How expensive is a glider?
Glider. A new entry-level glider for beginners, such as a Wills Wing Falcon, will generally cost around $4,000. These gliders are single surface, fun, easy to set up, and easy to fly. You may be able to find a good quality, used glider from an accredited instructor or school in the $1,800 to $3,000 range.


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Posted 11 Oct 2003
NoSpamEmailHyperlink: 1. Design
, 22 Oct 2003
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Fighting back against the e-mail harvesters.
A DataGrid incorporating the NoSpamEmailHyperlink and a snapshot of the generated HTML
This is the first in a series of six articles, following the design, development and practical use of a fully functional ASP.NET custom control.
The full list of articles is as follows:
This part of the article simply defines the purpose of the NoSpamEmailHyperlink. It is intended for those who want to use the control "as seen", already know how to include a custom control in a web page and either know or do not want to know how to write one themselves.
It also serves as a general introduction to the other articles, avoiding unnecessary repetition.
Designing the NoSpamEmailHyperlink
If you want your web site recognized by search engines, you need to get links onto other recognized sites so that their Internet spider software can find you.
Unfortunately for your registered users, as soon as the search engine spiders can find your site, you open yourself up to the "email harvesters". This is similar software to the spiders used by search engines, except that they hunt the Internet for email addresses and collate them for use by email spammers.
If you have any email addresses in the generated source of your site, especially (but not necessarily) in href=mailto: type links, there is a good chance that those addresses will later start receiving spam emails from any number of servers.
Note that spider software does not work by looking at the source code directly. Building the email address at the server does not protect your users. Spider software works by sending HTTP requests and scanning the response. This will cause the server to process the data before returning it and any email addresses will be part of that, even if they are held on a database. Remember: a spider will see what a browser sees, that cannot be avoided.
The situation is only getting worse. Most of the spam servers are insecure and unattended, leaving them vulnerable to email viruses such as the recent SoBig.F which can also harvest email addresses from address books as it propagates. SoBig.F seems to have used those addresses just to spoof its own headers, but in theory, those addresses can be returned to a server and again sold on to the email spammers. It may have happened already, it will certainly happen soon.
By not hiding the email addresses of your users you are not only inviting the spammers to attack them, you are putting them at risk from email worms and if their PCs are not secured, everyone in their address book could be the next victims of your lack of conscience.
Email spam and email harvesting are escalating problems and there is no simple way of dissuading the spammers. The problem is that mass-mailing makes money and anyone can do it. The only way to slow it down is to cut the profit margin.
The more successful your site is, the more people you will have registered and the more interested email spammers will be. Not displaying or run-time building email addresses will protect your users but the email harvesters will just move on to the next site where the developer is not so conscientious.
What if we could encode the email addresses while keeping them valid? This would cause the email harvesters to pick up faked email addresses, which is very harmful to their business. Only the more expensive email harvesters will verify an email address (e.g. through an LDAP server) as well as validate it.
No one is going to pay an email spammer vast amounts of money to advertise their site to no one. If we make the information the spammers gather less useful, it becomes a lot less valuable. Only that will dissuade the email harvesters from using our web sites to gather their target list of addresses.
The JavaScript Weapon
Fortunately for web developers, there is not yet a single email harvester on the market that claims to apply JavaScript to HTML to discover hidden email addresses. When someone does get around to writing one, it will almost certainly be excessively expensive and thus will reduce the profit margins of the email spammer using it.
Simple scripts such as the following have been proved very successful at email addresses from the harvesters:

As mentioned before, there is no point in email harvesters translating this to find the address, they simply move onto the next site. In other words, it is effective in protecting the members of the site that uses it, but is not effective in the overall fight against email harvesting.
That said, with a bit of imagination, there should be no reason we cannot use JavaScript to turn a seemingly valid email address into a very real one when the page loads, using a set of rules defined at the server. If you can process an email address at the server and then reverse the process at the client, keeping it valid at all times, you should be able to fool the harvesters quite effectively.
Valid Email Addresses
Email addresses must be of the format user@domain.
user may contain any combination of alphanumeric characters, periods, underscores, dashes and (rarely) spaces, according to the W3C. It must, however, start and end with an alphanumeric character and consecutive periods are not allowed (
domain follows the same rules but must contain at least one period and everything after that period must be in a given set of acceptable extensions (.com,.net,
To obfuscate an email address and still keep it valid, you can exchange any alphanumeric character before the first period in domain for any other alphanumeric character.
As long as you retain the positioning of punctuation (non-alphanumeric) characters and the format of the domain extension, you can ensure that the address does not become invalid.
Note: None of this will fool the few expensive email harvesting softwares that implement verification, but even then the address will fail to verify and will be ignored. It is highly unlikely it will ever be decoded.
Netscape: Early versions of Netscape (4.x and earlier) will not allow you to update the innerHTML property of a link object. It is therefore necessary to "hide" email addresses in the text of the control for those versions, rather than encoding it.
The Encoding Algorithm
In its simplest form, you could encode an email address by incrementing each alphanumeric character code, wrapping at the ends of the alphabet (e.g. becomes This is a simple form of "substitution encryption" but that is not particularly interesting. It is far too easy to decode if everyone is using it and asks little of the power of.NET.
Why not use a pseudo-random alphanumeric-generating sequence, including all encodable characters exactly once? For example, given the following base code key:
yJzdeB4CcDnmEFbZtvuHlI1hA8SiLo9MwfN3O6Y5QaRqKTjUpxVk2WgXrP7Gs0 (shifting each character right by one) would become
This is the basis of so many codes used throughout history. The encoder and decoder hold a copy of the same character sequence. One applies a set of rules to the text he is sending, the other reverses the rules to decode the message.
Unfortunately, in practical terms, this cannot be as secure as historical coding algorithms because the decoder does not already have a copy of the decoding sequence or the rules it needs to apply to decode it. We effectively have to attach the decoding key to the coded text, along with those rules.
A third party can use this information to decode our message, but they need to look for the information first and then understand the rules we are using to decode it. Looking for the information is unlikely enough, given that we have kindly handed them valid but pseudo-randomly generated email addresses but, as far as any commercial email harvester currently available is concerned, the rules may as well be written in ancient Aramaic. Fortunately, the intended recipient of our encoded message (the browser) understands ancient Aramaic (JavaScript) very well and can follow the rules we are feeding it very effectively.
Once the intended recipient knows what the rules are for decoding the data provided, there should be no issues with reading whatever the encoder writes. But we should complicate the rules slightly, to further confuse any third party who might go looking.
Instead of always stepping one space up the pseudo-alphabet, we could vary the distance and direction that we move from each character to get the next.
Character 0: Step up 6
Character 1: Step down 5
Character 2: Step up 4
Character 3: Step down 3
Character 4: Step up 2
We could also start with a different seed (6 in the above example) for each address on the page, so that an address appearing twice does not necessarily have to look the same in both cases.
We can even easily alternate the rate of change in the above sequence, just by using the indexer with which we are moving through our email address.
Start with seed 23
Character 0: Step up 23
seed = seed - 0 = 23
Character 1: Step down 23
seed = seed + 1 =


text:
for National Geographic News
The U.S. Department of Interior has designated Nebraska's Ashfall Fossil Beds as a national natural landmark, the first such landmark to be designated in almost two decades.
The site, near the town of Neligh (see Nebraska map), is home to hundreds of skeletons of extinct rhinos, camels, three-toed horses, and other vertebrates that were killed and buried by ash from a huge volcanic eruption some 12 million years ago.
It is the only place on Earth where large numbers of fossil mammals have been found as whole, three-dimensionally preserved skeletons.
"Ashfall has tremendous value for science and education and great inspirational value," said Margi Brooks, the National Natural Landmark (NNL) Program manager, who is based in Tucson, Arizona.
"It clearly qualifies as a natural landmark."
The Ashfall Fossil Beds were uncovered in the early 1970s by Mike Voorhies, the current curator of paleontology at the University of Nebraska State Museum in Lincoln.
In 1971 he found a skull of a rhino calf protruding from an eroding ravine. The skull turned out to be part of a complete skeleton embedded in volcanic ash.
Voorhies led excavations of the site in 1978 and 1979, supported by a grant from the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration. (National Geographic News is part of the National Geographic Society.)
About 12 million years ago, a volcano in modern-day Idaho spread a blanket of ash over large parts of what is now the midwestern United States. A layer of this powdered glass one or two feet (oneto two-thirds of a meter) thick covered the grasslands of northeastern Nebraska.
Most of the animals living in the area survived the actual ashfall, but as they continued to graze on the ash-covered grasses, their lungs began to fill with the deadly particles.
(See related news photo: "Peru Volcano Spews Deadly Ash")
SOURCES AND RELATED WEB SITES


text:
The Climate System Hub was established in 2020-21 under phase 2 of the Australian Government's National Environmental Science Program. The Hub will run until 2026-27.
The Climate Systems Hub will provide research to advance the understanding of Australia's climate, its extremes and associated drivers. This research will directly inform climate adaptation solutions for Australia.
Learn more about Climate Systems Hub by visiting the pages below.
More information about NESP is available from the Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water website.
The HubWhat the Climate Systems Hub will achieve, our vision and partnerships. Learn More
Our TeamDetails about the Hub Steering Committee and Hub Program Management Committee. Learn More
Earth Systems and Climate Change HubThe Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub was funded under phase 1 of the Australian Government's National Environmental Science Program, from 2015 to 2021. Learn More
Contact UsContact the Climate Systems Hub and keep up-to-date with Hub news through our mailing list. Learn More


text:
Surprisingly, the maximum intensity one can obtain from a light source does not depend on the distance to the light source nor on the distance between the light source and the imaging equipment. Instead, it depends on the distance between the imaging equipment and the object being heated (assuming that the imaging system is designed to be the best possible for these distances). What you want to do is "refract as close as possible" to the object being heated.
By thermodynamics, it's not possible for the light emitted by an object to heat up another that is already hotter than the first. For example, this means that we can't use an imaging system (or a non imaging power concentrating system such as a collection of mirrors) to use sunlight to heat a spot on the earth to a temperature higher than that of the sun.
So when you use an imaging system to magnify the effect of the sun, you do not get an image that is hotter than the sun. The best you can do is to make the image of the sun appear larger. And indeed, this is what a magnifying glass does. If you look through one (from the distance appropriate to frying an ant), you will see that objects in the direction of the image appear larger than they actually are. So when you apply a magnifying glass to an ant, what the ant sees is that the sun has increased in size.
The best you can do is to make the sun appear over all the sky, plus, with a mirror, to appear in the direction of the ground as well. Alternatively, you can arrange for the bottom side of the ant to be an insulator. (Uh, even concrete is a pretty good insulator if you try this at home.) This will heat the ant up until it approaches the temperature of the sun (with optimum optics and insulation). At that time the ant will radiate as much heat back to the sun as the sun radiates to the ant. And so the heat flows will balance and the ant will cease heating up. (All this assumes black body type radiation which is generally an okay approximation for this sort of thing.)


text:
NMBD onset in the larynx and orbicularis oculi precedes the adductor pollicis by 1-2 mins. It appears that differences in regional blood flow may account for differences in NMBD onset and offset – thus, muscles such as the diaphragm, masseter, and laryngeal muscles (which receive relatively high amounts of blood flow) have both a faster onset and a faster recovery.
NBMD Recovery – Diaphragm, masseter, and laryngeal muscles, orbicularis oculi: rapid – Adductor pollicis: delayed
The orbicularis oculi accurately predicts intubating conditions. Maximal laryngeal relaxation occurs just as the adductor pollicis becomes noticeably weak.
Complete return of neuromuscular function should be achieved at the end of surgery unless post-operative ventilation is planned. The effectiveness of reversal agents depends directly of the degree of recovery present when they are given. Ideally, they should be given only when 4 twitches are visible, preferably measured at the adductor pollicis. The presence of spontaneous ventilation is not a sign of adequate neuromuscular recovery. The diaphragm recovers earlier than the much more sensitive upper airway muscles, such as the geniohyoid, which recovers, on average, at the same time as the adductor pollicis. To prevent upper airway obstruction after extubation, it is preferable to use the adductor pollicis to monitor recovery, instead of the more resistant muscles of the hypothenar eminence or those around the eye. Normal respiratory and upper airway function does not return to normal unless the train-of-four ratio at the adductor pollicis is 0.9 (using a quantitative twitch monitor) or more.


text:
Drawing flowers is fun but making them truly unique with your own fingerprints is even better! The middle of each of these flowers is one of a kind!
1. Gather your materials. You will need a stamp pad, some markers and a piece of paper.
2. Press your finger tip into the stamp pad.
3. Print onto the paper.
4. Add petals.
5. Add stems and leaves!


text:
Physics and Earth Sciences Mission Statement
The Physics and Earth Sciences Department at Framingham State University strives to provide an excellent education in physics, physical science, and the geological sciences for all students. We seek to inculcate in our students a scientific appreciation of the physical universe, an understanding of the underlying patterns and connections in nature as embodied in natural laws, and the quantitative and reasoning skills that are necessary for an individual to think like a scientist. Through innovative and interactive teaching methods based on current science pedagogy, we seek to enable the student to learn and practice the scientific method, relate content in the classroom to their daily experience, and to ponder the complex relationship between science, the environment, and society. The department is committed to encouraging diversity in our program.
Physics and Earth Sciences Major Learning Objectives
- Acquire basic knowledge and a conceptual understanding of the subject.
- Understand and apply the scientific method to solve problems.
- Develop math, problem solving, and reasoning skills appropriate to the subject.
- Acquire basic laboratory skills (if applicable).
- Understand the subject's relation to society and the environment.
- Develop sufficient critical thinking skills to assess science and technology issues as citizens and in society.


macroscopic similarities.
Let me finally get to the sleeping beauty.
Joe Polchinski is a thirder and this simple error in the probability calculus has been explained to be the source of some of his wrong opinions about the need to have "typical stringy vacua" etc. But how can the thirder's fallacy explain the firewalls?
Now I think that these two errors share the same basic idea which is an incorrect, retroactive, acausal change of the rules of the game while we compute the probability. What do I mean?
If we use the notion of probability correctly, probabilities tell us how our knowledge about something is probably going to change once it changes. I know that I used the word "probably" so the "definition" is circular and it is not a real definition. But what I want to say is that the notion of probability assumes a "fixed situation" before we learn the new piece of information, and many things may happen after we learn the new piece of information, but these later events don't and they can't affect the probability that existed right before we learned the right answer.
According to Joe and other thirders, probabilities should behave differently. If something happens after the moment when we're supposed to learn the right answer, it should still retroactively modify the denominator that may define the probability in a frequentist way, among other things. Just because the sleeping beauty is woken up multiply times on the "heads" week implies that the probability of "heads" had to go up. Joe and other thirders actually believe that the probability of tails was already \(P=1/3\) on Sunday because the algorithm for the awakenings had already been decided.
But whether the sleeping beauty is going to be woken up twice is a consequence of the result of the coin toss, so it just can't affect the probabilities of the different outcomes of the coin toss. So the beauty knows that \(P_{\rm tails}=1/2\) on Sunday night and because she doesn't learn anything that would change the odds of "heads vs tails" when she wakes up (both possibilities guarantee with 100% certainty that she wakes up at least once which is the only "evidence" she gets), the probabilities have to remain \(P_{\rm tails}=1/2\).
Joe's mistake in the case of the state dependence is analogous for the following reason. In the correct quantum mechanics, we must decide what the states in the Hilbert space – and operators – corresponding to different results of the measurements are, and we must keep this fixed. This choice is much less ambiguous in practice because we really evolve the fields according to the usual Heisenberg field equations.
But according to Joe, we are not obliged to deal with a fixed spectrum of possible outcomes of the experiment. The experiment may create them (and perhaps erase them) later. That's why Joe insists on changing the reference state "accurately" whenever some operator acts on anything. (This isn't really a well-defined rule because in a generic equation with many operators, there are many states, depending on which actions of the operators are included etc.) He thinks that this gives him as accurate answers as possible.
Instead, what it does is that it invalidates and erases any previous well-defined rules of the game – with known options (possible outcomes) whose probabilities used to be predictable. If he allows the evolution of the state vector to change what the question is, then there is no pre-existing question, and quantum mechanics cannot predict any probabilities! If he imagines that the post-measurement state \(\psi\) is the only state one could have gotten, and everything should suddenly adapt to this new state, even the state of the black hole before the measurement, then there was no uncertainty before the measurement and the measurement could have brought the observer no information. This wouldn't make any sense, of course. It is absolutely crucial that we are not changing the rules of the game – we are not changing the reference state – at the very moment of the measurement.
In some future, I plan to write a more technical post on the state dependence, the superselection sectors, and things like the holomorphic anomaly in topological string theory because there are many direct analogies (or equivalences, in the sense of one's being a special case of another) between the concepts.
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reader mmanu_F said...
(not so) off topic : maldacena's conjecture article has reached 10.000 citations today!
reader Luboš Motl said...
A cool milestone - I hope that Milner or someone will also send him a T-shirt or hoodie like Stack Exchange is sending me for crossing 100,000. ;-)
reader Michael said...
Wow, the silence here is deafening. Apparently nobody competent enough to recognize your arguments for what they are -- obviously correct -- dares to speak out and mess with the Big Polchinski. Politics trumps science in academia, I guess.
reader Luboš Motl said...
Thanks, Michael, but you exaggerate. The silence on the blog is because the blog readers are either non-experts or shy workers who are working on their research. I think that those that know (including Kyriakos and Suvrat) aren't really too afraid to disagree with Joe even though such fear does exist, too.
reader mmanu_F said...
it seems to me that milner already gave him something like that a couple of years ago, some kind of coupon if i remember well.
reader Luboš Motl said...
No, I know, but maybe it wasn't enough for Juan to buy an AdS/CFT-10,000 T-shirt. ;-)
reader Dilaton said...
Oh my God, even though I had not yet time to read all of the sleeping-beuty articles in detail, agree that it seems that Joe P. has same bad misunderstandings abou basic probability theory (being a thirder).
Also from teading about different methods to qualtise ST for example, it always seemed to me that as soon as one has defined everything, results of measurements can just be calculated and there is no need to continuously change the starting point of quantization.
reader lojyk said...
Remember that anyone who might disagree with Lubos, like DN, has been banned, so only his sycophants remain.
reader lojyk said...
Remember, anyone who disagrees with Lubos, or actually understands probability, like DN, is banned from the forum. So only Lubos's sycophants remain. So this comment has no chance of being accepted.
reader lojyk said...
Actually, Lubos, not everyone behaves like you, insulting those who disagree with them, and banning them. There is ample discussion of state-dependence in the scientific community.
reader Ramanujan said...
Suppose that we change the SB puzzle, but only in the protocol for Tuesday after tails (T/t). The new protocol is that she is awakened, and, after a pause of a minute, is put back to sleep (but only on T/t). Again, she knows the full protocol in advance. In the first minute after awakening, she assigns equal probabilities for M/h, T/h, M/t, T/t. After a minute, if she is still awake, she excludes T/t and is left with equal probabilities for M/h, M/t, T/h. So in this case the 1/3 is correct. Do you agree with this result for the modified problem? If so, how can the changed protocol for T/t affect her relative weightings of the other three cases? What if she's only awake for a second?
reader Luboš Motl said...
Of course that I disagree with the result 1/3 here. After the "demo minute" or "demo second", her knowledge is exactly the same as in the original problem, so your problem becomes the original problem! And it's a way to formulate the right solution "by parts" which may be even clearer than all the solutions so far.
Before she may be put to sleep, there are 2 possible coin states, heads and tails, and 2 possible days, Monday and Tuesday. By two Z2 symmetries, the probability of each of the 4 possibilities is 1/4. Would you really disagree with that?
Now, after the second or minute for the short awakening, the situation changes because she's getting a new information in general.
How much information she is getting by staying up depends on the coin state. If the coin shows "heads", she is getting no information because in the "heads" case, staying up is predicted for both days.
If one assumes that the coin is showing "tails", then she is definitely getting information by staying up. Before the momentum of "possible putting back to sleep", the probabilities of Monday-tails and Tuesday-tails were 25% each. That means that the conditional probabilities of Monday and Tuesday, assuming tails, were both 50%.
After the moment when she can be put back to sleep, the probabilities change. The "fluid" of the "Tuesday tails" just flows to "Monday tails" because Tuesday tails is getting riuled out. So the conditional probabilities of Monday and Tuesday, assuming tails, become 100% and 0%. They still share the same initial probability reserved for "tails" so this 100-0 translates to 50% - 0% in absolute probabilities.
The probabilities of heads-Monday and heads-Tuesday stay at 25% because if one/she assumes heads, one/she is learning nothing about the day of the week!
The result, after the minute/second expires, is of course the same 50-25