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Before a child is conceived, its soul is in Heaven, learning Torah and waiting to be united with a body. A lot goes on in this higher form of existence, and it is even determined whom the person will marry. However, the parents do have a role to play in influencing certain kinds of souls to descend and to become their children. One of the ways parents can produce healthy, happy offspring is through having pure thoughts during conception and following the laws of family purity.
What is family purity? Is it a set of rules or a frame of mind? Actually, the answer is a bit of both. By observing the commandments of Family Purity, a Jewish family can truly become "kosher" in a real sense and function with peace and unity. The basis for family purity is a set of the laws concerning a woman's separation from her husband once a month. Of course, this does not mean living in separate dwellings, but the separation from intimate contact during the time of her period and for a week after her period has stopped. Not only does this involve a hiatus from having marital relations, but also from hugging, kissing, flirting and even passing an object. At first glance, this may seem a bit restrictive, but in actuality, this off and on nature of the Jewish marriage helps refresh the connection between husband and wife and to revitalize their relationship. On a practical level, observing the laws of Family Purity has many benefits, from helping to prevent certain types of cancer, to reducing the number of divorces, although the spiritual significance of these laws far outweigh their practical usefulness.
These laws contain many details governing spotting the first signs of a menstrual period, proper separation, determining the end of the period, preparation and immersion in a mikvah (ritual bath) and marital relations. Gd willing, I will try to cover these topics in future blogs and will suggest reading materials that are useful in learning about these commandments.


The topic of this page is to determine whether or not a Loop can be run in parallel. This is determined by looking at the structure of the loop and figuring out what the data dependancies are, and whether they will allow the compiler to Unroll the loop.
The primary data dependancies we need to look at are between two instructions INSIDE the loop, and between two instructions accross iterations, or an inter-iteration dependance.
The first dependance will not cause a problem for unrolling, save that the instructions must be kept in the same order, when the loop is unrolled. The second dependance may or maynot cause the loop to be Non-Parallel. If the a statement requires a value it produces in a previous iteration, then thatstatement is said to have a Circular Dependance. The occurance of a Circular Dependance, means the loop cannot be made Parallel.
Just because a loop has an inter-iteration dependance does not mean that the loop cannot be unrolled, as long as the dependance is NOT Circualr, than it can. The only thing that is neccessary is that the inter-iteration dependance needs to be removed by moving peices of the code around.
Example 1
Can the following Loop be made Parallel?
for (i=1;i<=100;i=i+1){
A[i+1] = A[i] + C[i]; /*S1*/
B[i+1] = B[i] + A[i+1]; /*S2*/
To find the solution, we first need to look at the dependancies.
Inside one iteration:
S2 is dependant on S1 for the value of A[i+1].
Between iterations:
S1 depends on S1 for the value of A[i] computed in iteration i-1.
S2 depends on S2 for the value of B[i] computed in iteration i-1.
Note that S1 depends on S1, and S2 depends on S2 inbetween loop iterations. This is the RED flag we discussed earlier. Because the loop containscircular data dependancies, this loop can not be unrolled.
Example 2
Lets look at another loop.
A[i] = A[i] + B[i]; /*S1*/
B[i+1] = C[i] + D[i]; /*S2/
First start at the dependancies inside one interation of the loop. The only dependance inside the loop is A[i] as a destination and source, but this is not really an issue.
Ok, since that is not an issue, lets take a look at the dependancies between iterations:
B[i+1] is computed, so for iteration i, S1 depends on S2 in iteration i-1.
Since no line contains a circular dependance, the loop can be unrolled. However, it will need a little arranging to remove the one dependance that is still there.
Since S1 does not depend on S2, the instructions do not need to be executed in the order that they are above. This is important to note, since we want to remove the inter-iteration dependance. To remove this dependance we need to shift the loop a little.
If we execute S2 for iteration i, then S1 for iteration i+1 as the loop. Doing this will cause S1 to be'missed' on the first iteration, so to fix that, we will need to run it once before entering the loop, with an index of 1. In effect this executes half of the first iteration of the loop and so we need to run S2 once the loop is complete to finish the other half of it. (Remember here that we are actually executing half of each iteration in our new loop) With those modifications the loop now looks like this:
A[1] = A[1] + B[1];
for (i=1;i<=99;i=i+1)
 A[i+1] = A[i+1] + B[i+1];
B[101] = C[100] + D[100];
This loop can be unrolled, and then run multiple iterations with fewer branches, which, of course, eliminates stalls.
A quick summary of the material presented here:
If there is a circular dependance in between loop iterations, Loop can not be unrolled. End of discussion.
If there are dependancies inbetween too iterations, but they are not circular, you may be able to rewrite the code so that the dependancies are located in a inside a single iteration, and then the loop can be unrolled. If you can not rewrite the loop to remove the inter-iteration dependancies then the loop is not parrallel.
If there are no data dependancies, then the loop can be unrolled, as it is.


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Do Dogs Prefer Certain Foods Over Others?by Jasey Kelly
Your pooch may prefer the taste of certain foods over others, something that you may have noticed when offering healthy treats or switching brands of kibble. At the same time, if you live in a multi-dog home, you may notice that one pooch prefers certain things while the other turns her nose up at them.
Wild vs. Canine
In the wild, wolves don't tend to be picky about what they eat. They hunt, eat their prey and survive based on what and when they can eat. Over thousands of years of domestication, however, many pet dogs have developed taste preferences. While some pet dogs still "wolf down" their meals quickly like their ancestors, many dogs will eat at leisure and be much more picky about what's in their bowls because they know their meals are steady and they won't go hungry.
Making Dog Food Tasty
Dog food manufacturers have long tried to make their foods palatable to dogs by adding flavor enhancers. Many of these enhancers are proteins crushed into a powder or formed into small pieces of kibble. Some foods even add ingredients that are similar to junk foods for humans. This is why some dogs will prefer a lower-quality kibble over a high-quality kibble, just as a human might prefer a coated, flavored tortilla chip over a natural corn tortilla chip. A dog's sense of smell may also contribute at first, with dogs preferring something that smells like meat over a bland, odorless diet. At first, dogs will go for the tasty-smelling dish, but after time they will have no preference unless there is a significant taste difference as well.
As they've evolved and been bred, the domesticated dog's diet more closely mimics that of their human counterparts. In addition to the change in diet from raw, fresh prey to an enormous variety, dogs will take cues from humans over what to eat. A study published in "Public Library of Science ONE" states that dogs in a trial would first choose an option of a larger portion over a smaller one; that is, until, a human showed more interest in the smaller portion. After seeing a cue from a human being who preferred a smaller portion, most dogs would choose the smaller over the larger.
Another interesting aspect of a pet's food preferences is the novelty effect. A dog fed a diet for long periods of time, whether he thoroughly enjoys it or not, will often choose a new, different tasting food or kibble over his regular diet. Conversely, some dogs will refuse a seemingly palatable food that they have never experienced before.
The domesticated dog is such a diverse species that it's nearly impossible to say every dog will like one thing. Humans have interfered with the dog's genes through selective breeding for certain traits, and science is unsure about the effects in regards to taste preferences. In general, however, dog taste buds react greatly to sweet and umami flavors in foods, much like human taste buds. The most common taste buds in a dog respond primarily to "sweetish" tastes, which could account for the preference of raw meat and carrion. A dog's sense of smell is also prevalent in the preference of certain foods over others; anosmic dogs don't show much preference between different meats or foods.
- The Journal of Nutrition: The Evolutionary Basis for the Feeding Behavior of Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris) and Cats (Felis catus)
- AFB International: Principles of Pet Food Palatability
- Public Library of Science ONE: Do Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) Make Counterproductive Choices Because They Are Sensitive to Human Ostensive Cues?
- Oxford Journals: The Role of Olfaction in Canine Food Preferences
- Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Welcome to the second part. In the last blog post on Linear Regression with R, we have discussed about what is regression? and how it is used? Now we will apply that learning on a specific problem of prediction. In this post, I will create a basic model to predict bounce rate as function of page load time components. In next blog, I'd share how to improve the model to improve the prediction.
We know that bounce rate is important for a web site. Here, we want to identify relationships between bounce rate and time components of a web page(e.g. average page download time, average page load time, average server response time, etc.) and how much these time components impact on bounce rate? For this problem, we have collected data of various web sites from Google analytics. The data set contains following parameters.
- x_id – Id of the page
- ismobile – page visited is by mobile or not
Each parameter is tracked for a single page. We have 8488 rows in data set and we have calculated bounce rate for each page as below.
Bounce rate = (bounces / entrances)*100
Here, we want to know the impact of average server response time, average server connection time, average redirection time, average domain look up time, average page download time and average page load time on the bounce rate. So, we have rearranged the data set and removed x_id, country, page path, page title, entrances, page views, exits and bounces from the data set and appended bouncerate after calculating it. Now data set contains following parameters.
Let's use regression on this data set. In this problem, we want to identify the dependency of the bounce rate on time components. So, we will consider bouncerate as dependent variable and the rest of the parameters from the data set as independent variables. Regression model for our data set in R is as below
>Model_1 <- lm(bouncerate ~ avgServerResponseTime + avgServerConnectionTime + avgRedirectionTime + avgPageDownloadTime +avgDomainLookupTime + avgPageLoadTime)
We have generated the model nicely, but we are interested to know the relationships between bounce rate and and time components. Let's check summary of the model.
>summary(model_1) Output Call: lm(formula = bouncerate ~ avgServerResponseTime + avgServerConnectionTime + avgRedirectionTime + avgPageDownloadTime + avgDomainLookupTime + avgPageLoadTime) Residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max -98.276 -19.816 -1.169 19.805 107.705 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 49.10686 0.32862 149.435 < 2e-16 *** avgServerResponseTime -0.85724 0.17154 -4.997 5.93e-07 *** avgServerConnectionTime 2.02335 0.55566 3.641 0.000273 *** avgRedirectionTime -0.37822 0.06368 -5.939 2.97e-09 *** avgPageDownloadTime 0.31975 0.12172 2.627 0.008631 ** avgDomainLookupTime 4.14929 0.88525 4.687 2.81e-06 *** avgPageLoadTime 0.04684 0.01896 2.470 0.013528 * --- Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 Residual standard error: 26.74 on 8481 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared: 0.01339, Adjusted R-squared: 0.0127 F-statistic: 19.19 on 6 and 8481 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
Let's understand the result. In the result, coefficients are shown in the column Estimate std. So, the equation for bounce rate becomes as below.
bouncerate = 49.107 + (-0.86)avgServerResponsetime + (2.03)avgServerconnectionTime + (-0.38)avgRedirectionTime + (0.32)avgPageDownloadTime + (4.14)avgDomainLookuptime + (.05)avgpageLoadtime
As we can see from the equation, avgDomainLookupTime impacts more on bounce rate. If avgDomainLookupTime increase by 1 unit then bounce rate increase by 4.14. At last, we succeed in identifying the relationship between bounce rate and time components of a web page using regression.
Here, we cannot say that the relationships estimated from this regression model(model_1) are perfect, because the model result is generated after model fitted to the data set(i.e. model learns from the data and then estimate coefficients values) and data set may contain some unreliable observations. It is necessary to improve the model, so we can identify the relationships of bounce rate and time components very precisely. In the next blog, we will discuss about how to improve the model? and summary of the improved model.


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We don't think about this very much, but as I was looking at some dates related to my philatelic pursuits, it struck me that it was likely that a lot of records wouldn't have been dated on a Sunday. But how do we know what day of the week any particular date fell on in history? UNIX systems include a utility called "date" in almost all distributions.
To those of you who don't have UNIX or Linux systems handy, which is the great majority of genealogists that I know, take a look at a site currently called The return of Calendar. Using a cgi script, the site calls the date function on the web server with year numbers dating as far back as 1582. The output is a full year's calendar in the Gregorian calendar (the calendar that most of the Western world uses today).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Center for Global Change Science 2014-07-14T17:37:05Z The Mercury Game: Evaluating a Negotiation Simulation that Teaches Students about Science–Policy Interactions The Mercury Game: Evaluating a Negotiation Simulation that Teaches Students about Science–Policy Interactions Stokes, Leah C.; Selin, Noelle E. Environmental negotiations and policy decisions take place at the science–policy interface. While this is well known in academic literature, it is often difficult to convey how science and policy interact to students in environmental studies and sciences courses. We argue that negotiation simulations, as an experiential learning tool, are one effective way to teach students about how science and policy interact in decision-making. We developed a negotiation simulation, called the Mercury Game, based on the global mercury treaty negotiations. To evaluate the game, we conducted surveys before and after the game was played in university classrooms across North America. For science students, the simulation communicates how politics and economics affect environmental negotiations. For environmental studies and policy students, the mercury simulation demonstrates how scientific uncertainty can affect decision-making. Using the mercury game as an education tool allows students to learn about complex interactions between science and society and develop communication skills. 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z The Future of Global Water Stress: An Integrated Assessment The Future of Global Water Stress: An Integrated Assessment Schlosser, C. Adam; Strzepek, Kenneth M.; Gao, Xiang; Gueneau, Arthur; Fant, Charles; Paltsev, Sergey; Rasheed, Bilhuda; Smith-Greico, Tony; Blanc, Elodie; Jacoby, Henry D.; Reilly, John M. We assess the ability of global water systems, resolved at 282 large river basins or Assessment Sub Regions (ASRs), to the meet water requirements over the coming decades under integrated projections of socioeconomic growth and climate change. We employ a Water Resource System (WRS) component embedded within the MIT Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) framework in a suite of simulations that consider a range of climate policies and regional hydroclimatic changes through the middle of this century. We find that for many developing nations water-demand increases due to population growth and economic activity have a much stronger effect on water stress than climate change. By 2050, economic growth and population change alone can lead to an additional 1.8 billion people living in regions with at least moderate water stress. Of this additional 1.8 billion people, 80% are found in developing countries. Uncertain regional climate change can play a secondary role to either exacerbate or dampen the increase in water stress due to socioeconomic growth. The strongest climate impacts on relative changes in water stress are seen over many areas in Africa, but strong impacts also occur over Europe, Southeast Asia and North America. The combined effects of socioeconomic growth and uncertain climate change lead to a 1.0 to 1.3 billion increase of the world's 2050 projected population living in regions with overly exploited water conditions— where total potential water requirements will consistently exceed surface-water supply. Under the context of the WRS model framework, this would imply that adaptive measures would be taken to meet these surface-water shortfalls and would include: water-use efficiency, reduced and/or redirected consumption, recurrent periods of water emergencies or curtailments, groundwater depletion, additional inter-basin transfers, and overdraw from flow intended to maintain environmental requirements. 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z An Analogue Approach to Identify Extreme Precipitation Events: Evaluation and Application to CMIP5 Climate Models in the United States An Analogue Approach to Identify Extreme Precipitation Events: Evaluation and Application to CMIP5 Climate Models in the United States Gao, Xiang; Schlosser, C. Adam; Xie, Pingping; Monier, Erwan; Entekhabi, Dara Global warming is expected to alter the frequency, intensity, and risk of extreme precipitation events. However, global climate models in general do not correctly reproduce the frequency and intensity distribution of precipitation, especially at the regional scale. We present an analogue method to detect the occurrence of extreme precipitation events without relying on modeled precipitation. Our approach is based on the use of composites to identify the distinct large-scale atmospheric conditions associated with widespread outbreaks of extreme precipitation events across local scales. The development of composite maps, exemplified in the South-Central United States and the Western United States, is achieved through the joint analysis of 27-yr (1979–2005) CPC gridded station data and NASA's Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). Various circulation features and moisture plumes associated with extreme precipitation events are examined. This analogue method is evaluated against the MERRA reanalysis with a success rate of around 80% in detecting extreme events within one or two days. When applied to the climate model simulations of the 20th century from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), we find the analogues from the CMIP5 models produces more consistent (and less uncertain) total number of extreme events compared against observations as opposed to using their corresponding simulated precipitation over the three regions examined. The analogues also perform better to characterize the interannual range of extreme days with the smaller RMSE across all the models for all the descriptive statistics (minimum, lower and higher quartile, median, and maximum). These results suggest the capability of CMIP5 models to simulate the realistic large-scale atmospheric conditions associated with widespread local-scale extreme events, with a credible frequency. Collectively speaking, the presented analyses clearly highlight the comparative and enhanced nature of these results to studies that consider only modeled precipitation output to assess extreme-event frequency. 2013-11-01T00:00:00Z Synergy between Pollution and Carbon Emissions Control: Comparing China and the U.S. Synergy between Pollution and Carbon Emissions Control: Comparing China and the U.S. Nam, Kyung-Min; Waugh, Caleb J.; Paltsev, Sergey; Reilly, John M.; Karplus, V.J. We estimate the potential synergy between pollution and climate control in the U.S. and China, summarizing the results as emissions cross-elasticities of control. We set a range of NOx and SO2 targets, and record the ancillary reduction in CO2 to calculate the percentage change in CO2 divided by the percentage change in NOx (SO2) denoted as ECO2,NOx (ECO2,SO2). Then we conduct the opposite experiment, setting targets for CO2 and recording the ancillary reduction in NOx and SO2 to compute ENOx,CO2 and ESO2,CO2. For ECO2,NOx and ECO2,SO2 we find low values (0.06‒0.23) in both countries with small (10%) reduction targets that rise to 0.40‒0.67 in the U.S. and 0.83‒1.03 in China when targets are more stringent (75% reduction). This pattern reflects the availability of pollution control to target individual pollutants for smaller reductions but the need for wholesale change toward non-fossil technologies when large reductions are required. We trace the especially high cross elasticities in China to its higher dependence on coal. These results are promising in that China may have more incentive to greatly reduce SO2 and NOx with readily apparent pollution benefits in China, that at the same time would significantly reduce CO2 emissions. The majority of existing studies have focused on the effect of CO2 abatement on other pollutants, typically finding strong cross effects. We find similar strong effects but with less dependence on the stringency of control, and stronger effects in the U.S. than in China. 2013-10-01T00:00:00Z


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Purpose: A structured didactic radiation oncology clerkship curriculum for medical students is in use at multiple academic medical centers. Objective evidence supporting this educational approach over the traditional clerkship model is lacking. This study evaluated the curriculum efficacy using an objective knowledge assessment. Methods and Materials: Medical students received the Radiation Oncology Education Collaborative Study Group (ROECSG) curriculum consisting of 3 lectures (Overview of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Biology/Physics, and Practical Aspects of Simulation/Radiation Emergencies) and a radiation oncology treatment-planning workshop. A standardized 20-item multiple choice question (MCQ) knowledge assessment was completed preand post-curriculum and approximately 6 months after receiving the curriculum. Results: One hundred forty-six students at 22 academic medical centers completed the ROECSG curriculum from July to November 2016. One hundred nine students completed preand post-clerkship MCQ knowledge assessments (response rate 74.7%). Twenty-four students reported a prior rotation at a ROECSG institution and were excluded from analysis. Mean assessment scores increased from preto post-curriculum (63.9% vs 80.2%, P <.01). Mean MCQ knowledge subdomain assessment scores all improved post-curriculum (t test, P values <.01). Post-scores for students rotating de novo at ROECSG institutions (n = 30) were higher compared with pre-scores for students with ≥1 prior rotations at non-ROECSG institutions (n = 55) (77.3% vs 68.8%, P =.01), with an effect size of 0.8. Students who completed rotations at ROECSG institutions continued to demonstrate a trend toward improved performance on the objective knowledge assessment at approximately 6 months after curriculum exposure (70.5% vs 65.6%, P =.11). Conclusions: Objective evaluation of a structured didactic curriculum for the radiation oncology clerkship at early and late time points demonstrated significant improvement in radiation oncology knowledge. Students who completed clerkships at ROECSG institutions performed objectively better than students who completed clerkships at non-ROECSG institutions. These results support including a structured didactic curriculum as a standard component of the radiation oncology clerkship.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||7|
|Journal||International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics|
|State||Published - Aug 1 2018|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
- Cancer Research


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In this paper we investigate the performance of a Fourier based algorithm for fast subpixel shift determination of two mutually shifted images subjected to noise. The algorithm will be used for Shack-Hartmann based adaptive optics correction of images of an extended object subjected to dynamical atmospheric fluctuations. The performance of the algorithm is investigated both analytically and by Monte Carlo simulations. Good agreement is achieved in relation to how the precision of the shift estimate depends on image parameters such as contrast, photon counts and readout noise, as well as the dependence on sampling format, zero-padding and field of view. Compared to the conventional method for extended object wavefront sensing, a reduction of the computational cost is gained at a marginal expense of precision.
© 2005 Optical Society of America
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Provides simple summary statistics for a model produced using solve_ode. These include the final population sizes, the time and size of the maximum epidemic peak, and the duration of the epidemic.
summarise_model(sim)
Arguments
sim
A tibble of model output as produced by solve_ode.
Value
A tibble of summary information for a model simulation.
Examples
## Intialise N = 100000 I_0 = 1 S_0 = N - I_0 R_0 = 1.1 beta = R_0 ##Time for model to run over tbegin = 0 tend = 50 times <- seq(tbegin, tend, 1) ##Vectorise input parameters <- as.matrix(c(beta = beta)) inits <- as.matrix(c(S = S_0, I = I_0)) sim <- solve_ode(model = SI_ode, inits, parameters, times, as.data.frame = TRUE) summarise_model(sim)
#> # A tibble: 1 x 5 #> 'Final size: S' 'Final size: I' 'Epidemic peak … 'Epidemic peak' #> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> #> 1 0 100000 39 100000 #> # … with 1 more variable: 'Epidemic duration' <dbl>


What Are The Reasons Behind Pain In Left Arm
The reasons behind pain in the left arm are many ; starting from sprained muscles (as a result of excessive workouts, pressure or stretching of the arm muscles ) , pinched neck nerves (many times pain in the neck or a pinched nerve there can lead to pain in the upper left arm), bicipital tendonitis (which is caused because of tearing of a tendon near the shoulder and is very painful), heart problems (many times the first symptom of a heart problem is pain in the left arm ), angina, arthritis and poor posture (this can lead to muscular tension) etc.
When discussing reasons behind pain in the left arm, the first thing that comes to a persons mind is heart problems. As most of the other pain causing problems like poor blood circulation to the left arm, muscular strain or torn tendons etc are common for both the left as well as the right arm, but in case of heart and coronary ailments its only the left arm which tingles and causes pain. Although a serious indication towards myocardial infarction, the reasons behind pain in the left arm are mostly sprain, strain, neck nerve pinching, poor supply of blood to the arm of over stretched muscles of the arm.
One of the many reasons behind pain in the left arm is poor supply of blood to the arm. The main reason behind it is excessive muscular tension in several muscular areas like scalene muscles. The blood vessels that branch into the arm have to first pass through these areas via a particular artery known as the subclavian artery. Poor circulation of blood in the left arm can also be caused because of wrong positioning of wrong alignment of the shoulder as that puts stress on the blood vessels and thus prevents appropriate blood supply to the arm. It is one of the most common reasons behind pain in the left arm. And can be cured with the help of a chiropractor ( a person who helps cure biomechanical problems inside ones body). A pinched neck nerve is also a serious factor among reasons behind pain in the left arm as if it is not treated for some time, it can cause a long lasting damage.
Other reasons behind pain in the left arm are tendonitis, angina, migraine ( a severe kind of headache accompanied with a feeling of nausea),. fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome, mini stroke (transient ischemic attack), Reynaud's disease ( a peculiar disease in which blood vessels responsible for circulation in the left arm get constricted and cause ones finger to turn white and numb because of lack of blood, Cervical nerve herniation (that can cause pain and numbness in the left arm) and carpel tunnel syndrome.
 1. Tendonitis
 2. Migraine (hemiplegic migraine)
 3. Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack (mini-stroke)
 4. Reynaud's disease causes constriction of the blood vessels and usually your fingers get numb, turn whitish in color.
 5. Angina
Repetitive Strain Injury, Carpal Tunnel SyndromeUsing a mouse or keyboard, or other tools, in the same position for an extended period of time can be harmful. Google ergonomics or Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
Cervical Disc Herniation
Cervical Disc Herniation can cause tingling, arm numbness and pain. It might be helpful to see a Neurosurgeon. They may run MRI's, Myelograms etc.
There could be some reason for poor blood circulation to the arm / hand. This is very commonly caused by too much muscle tension in the scalene muscles or the pec minor muscles. The blood vessels that supply the arm/hand have to pass through these areas, via the subclavian artery, to branch off into the arm. It could also be due to a misalignment of the shoulder. If a shoulder is misaligned in external rotation, it can put a stretch on the blood vessels that pass through that area to supply the arm/hand. In any case, a chiropractor is the professional to seek to correct any biomechanical problems within the body. Chiropractic adjustments can also have a valuable effect on the autonomic system, which affects the cardiovascular system. Apart from Chiropractor adjustments, one can even go for massage to ease the pain the left arm.
Top Comments
pain in left arm
by arun kumar 18-Mar-2012
I feel cold in left arm and knee like it gets frozen i feel like putting double blanket sometimes pain and tingling i dont have pain in the neck i dont know what is the cause
by parmesh 31-Mar-2012
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ACCOUNTING TERMS - ACCOUNTING DICTIONARY - ACCOUNTING GLOSSARY
From the web's #1 provider of financial analysis / ratio analysis
SUBSIDIARY BOOKS Definition
SUBSIDIARY BOOKS see SUBSIDIARY LEDGER.
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AGREED UPON PROCEDURES are used when a client retains an external auditor to perform specific tests and procedures and report on the results. Examples might include special reviews of loan portfolio or internal control systems. In performing agreed-upon procedures, the auditor provides no opinion, certification, or assurance that the assertions being made in the financial statements are free from material misstatement. The users of reports based on agreed-upon procedures must draw their own conclusions on the results of the tests reported. For example, an external auditor could be asked to look at a certain number of corporation loan files and document which of the required forms are in the files. The auditor would report on the selection and the results of the procedures performed but would not provide a formal opinion with conclusions drawn from the results of the procedures.
ERP can mean either Enterprise Resource Planning or Early Retirement Program. See ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING.


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Graphical and logical formalisms for business process modeling and verification
AuthorBi, Henry Haidong
AdvisorZhao, J. Leon
MetadataShow full item record
PublisherThe University of Arizona.
RightsCopyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
AbstractProcess models are an essential component of business process management and are found in various information systems such as workflow management systems, enterprise resource planning systems, and supply chain management systems. Process modeling and analysis are key steps in business process management. However, most existing activity-based process modeling paradigms found in process management tools lack a mathematical formalism, have limited expressive power, or have little analytical capability. Consequently, process modeling and analysis in the industry remain an art rather than a science. In this dissertation, we first propose a logic-based workflow verification approach by applying propositional logic with constraints to verifying the correctness of both acyclic and cyclic workflow models. We demonstrate that this approach is capable of detecting process anomalies in workflow models. We then propose process graphs as a graphical and mathematical tool for business process modeling and analysis. We formally define the syntax and semantics of process graphs and their constructs. We show that process graphs can not only model all types of execution order of activities, but also support multi-level abstraction, modular modeling, and analysis of the correctness of process models. We apply process graphs to defining and classifying process anomalies, and demonstrate that the proper use of process graphs can prevent certain process anomalies. We also propose process logic as a logical formalism and mathematical method to represent process models for the purpose of process verification. We formally define the syntax and semantics of process logic to reflect the characteristics of process structures in a more precise way. We establish a formal relationship between process logic and graphical representations of process models, and transform the problem of verifying the correctness of process models into the problem of determining the validity of process argument forms in process logic. We demonstrate that process logic can be used to verify completely the correctness of activity-based process models. Process graphs and process logic provide a theoretical foundation for the modeling, analysis, and verification of activity-based process models that are most widely used in the applications of business process management.
Degree ProgramGraduate College


'kbd -i' to change the current setting. Valid settings for this value are the values enable and disable. Other values are ignored. If the variable is not specified in the default file, the setting is unchanged. OPTIONS -i Set keyboard defaults from the keyboard default file. This option is mutually exclusive with all other options except for the -d keyboard device option. This option instructs the keyboard command to read and process keyclick and keyboard abort default values from the /etc/default/kbd file. This option can only be used by the superuser. Reset the keyboard as if power-up. Return the type of the keyboard being used. On/Off state Turn the clicking of the keyboard on or off. Enable/Disable state; Enable or disable the keyboard abort sequence effect.
-r -t -c -a
Monitoring Performance
This chapter describes procedures for monitoring system performance by using the vmstat, iostat, df, and sar commands. This is a list of the step-by-step instructions in this chapter. How to Display Virtual Memory Statistics (vmstat) The following example shows the vmstat display of statistics gathered at five-second intervals. $ vmstat 5 procs memory page disk faults cpu r b w swap free re mf pi po fr de sr f0 s3 -- -- in sy cs us sy id 0 0 8 28312 668 0 9 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 10 61 82 1 2 97 0 0 3 31940 248 0 10 20 0 26 0 27 0 4 0 0 53 189 191 6 6 88 0 0 3 32080 288 3 19 49 6 26 0 15 0 9 0 0 75 415 277 6 15 79 0 0 3 32080 256 0 26 20 6 21 0 12 1 6 0 0 163 110 138 1 3 96 0 1 3 32060 256 3 45 52 28 61 0 27 5 12 0 0 195 191 223 7 11 82 0 0 3 32056 260 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 52 84 0 1 99 Category Field Name Description
procs r b w memory swap free page re mf pi po fr de sr disk faults in sy cs cpu us sy id
Reports the following states: The number of kernel threads in the dispatch queue Blocked kernel threads waiting for resources Swapped out LWPs waiting for processing resources to finish Reports on usage of real and virtual memory: Available swap space Size of the free list Reports on page faults and paging activity, in units per second: Pages reclaimed Minor and major faults Kbytes paged in Kbytes paged out Kbytes freed Anticipated memory needed by recently swapped-in processes Pages scanned by page daemon (not currently in use). If sr does not equal zero, the page daemon has been running. Reports the number of disk operations per second, showing data on up to four disks Reports the trap/interrupt rates (per second): Interrupts per second System calls per second CPU context switch rate Reports on the use of CPU time: User time System time Idle time
How to Display System Event Information Run vmstat -s to show the total of various system events that have taken place since the system was last booted. 0 swap ins 0 swap outs 0 pages swapped in 0 pages swapped out 409376480 total address trans. faults taken
_PHONE_ page ins _PHONE_ page outs _PHONE_ pages paged in _PHONE_ pages paged out _PHONE_ total reclaims _PHONE_ reclaims from free list 0 micro (hat) faults 409376480 minor (as) faults _PHONE_ major faults 102738273 copy-on-write faults 61711047 zero fill page faults _PHONE_ pages examined by the clock daemon 7881 revolutions of the clock hand _PHONE_ pages freed by the clock daemon _PHONE_ forks _PHONE_ vforks _PHONE_ execs 741660225 cpu context switches 736047593 device interrupts 528054538 traps _PHONE_ system calls 430283487 total name lookups (cache hits 95%) 81727 toolong _PHONE_ user cpu _PHONE_ system cpu 443762786 idle cpu _PHONE_ wait cpu How to Display Swapping Statistics Run vmstat -S to show swapping statistics. procs memory page disk faults cpu r b w swap free si so pi po fr de sr m1 m3 m4 m5 in sy cs us sy id 0 0 0 8512 888 0 0 12 21 55 0 417 1 0 0 0 _PHONE_ 308 2 2 96 si = Average number of LWPs swapped in per second so = Number of whole processes swapped out How to Display Disk Utilization Information (iostat) You can display disk activity information by using the iostat command with a time interval. The following example shows disk statistics gathered every five seconds. iostat 5
tty md1 md3 md4 md5 cpu tin tout kps tps serv kps tps serv kps tps serv kps tps serv us sy wt id 0 2 10 1 28 2 0 22 0 0 0 1 0 10 2 2 3 92 0 47 58 7 39 16 2 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 19 78 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 98 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 99 0 16 2 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 1 95 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 98 For Each ... Terminal tin tout Disk bps tps serv CPU us sy wt id In user mode In system mode Waiting for I/O Idle Blocks per second Transactions per second Average service time, in milliseconds Number of characters in the terminal input queue Number of characters in the terminal output queue Field Name Description
How to Display Extended Disk Statistics Run iostat -xtc to get extended disk statistics. This command displays a line of output for each disk. extended device statistics tty cpu kr/s kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b tin tout us sy wt id 3.6 6.9 0.0 0.0 27.7 1 1 0 2 2 2 3 92 1.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 21.7 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 0 0 6.7 14.2 0.0 0.0 13.1 0 1 1.8 6.8 0.0 0.0 15.5 0 1 1.8 6.8 0.0 0.0 14.8 0 1 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 11.4 0 0 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 10.2 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
device md1 md3 md4 md5 md8 md10 md11 md30 md31 md40 md41
r/s w/s 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
md50 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 0 0 md51 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 0 0 md80 0.4 0.3 3.3 14.2 0.0 0.0 10.3 0 0 md81 0.4 0.3 3.3 14.2 0.0 0.0 11.7 0 1 sd0 0.6 2.1 6.0 22.8 0.0 0.0 16.3 0 3 sd1 0.6 2.1 6.0 22.8 0.0 0.0 15.2 0 2 Field Name Description r/s w/s Kr/s Kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b Reads per second Writes per second Kbytes read per second Kbytes written per second Average number of transactions waiting for service (queue length) Average number of transactions actively being serviced Average service time, in milliseconds Percentage of time the queue is not empty Percentage of time the disk is busy
How to Check CPU Utilization (sar) Display CPU utilization with the sar -u command. (The sar command without any options is equivalent to sar -u.) At any given moment, the processor is either busy or idle. When busy, the processor is in either user or system mode. When idle, the processor is either waiting for I/O completion or "sitting still" with no work to do. Measure CPU utilization during 5 secs one time. sar -u 5 1 Measure CPU utilization during 60 secs 1440 times and write result in file sar.log. sar -u -o sar.log 60 1440 To later review disk and tape activity from that period: sar -d -f sar.log Field Name %sys %user Description Lists the percentage of time that the processor is in system mode Lists the percentage of time that the processor is in user mode
%wio %


+1 vote
in Programming Languages by (51.1k points)
Is there any function in the base R library to compute kernel density estimates for univariate observations for a given number of bins?
1 Answer
+2 votes
by (157k points)
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Best answer
The density() function can be used to compute kernel density estimates. It supports the following kernels:
["gaussian", "epanechnikov", "rectangular", "triangular", "biweight", "cosine", "optcosine"]
The format of the density() function is as follows:
density(x, bw = "nrd0", adjust = 1,
 kernel = c("gaussian", "epanechnikov", "rectangular",
 "triangular", "biweight",
 "cosine", "optcosine"),
 weights = NULL, window = kernel, width,
 give.Rkern = FALSE, subdensity = FALSE,
 n = 512, from, to, cut = 3, na.rm = FALSE, ...)
If you want to use a built-in bandwidth calculation method, you can try one of the followings: "nrd," "nrd0", "ucv," and "bcv." Parameter n is used to specify the number of equally spaced points (bins) at which the density is to be estimated.
Here is an example to show how to use this function to compute the KDE.
xvals <- runif(100, min = 0, max = 1)
fitd <- density(xvals, bw='ucv', kernel="gaussian", n=100, from = 0, to=1)
fitd$y values will give the KDE at fitd$x points. fitd$bw will give the bandwidth used by the density function.
...


Mirrored Arrays (Update: Involutions)
Welcome to this useless blog, let's begin!
As my first post, I'm going to present a nice python puzzle, at least it was a puzzle for me. It gave me even the motivation to start a blog…
Recently I was working on a project and accidentally discovered some strange numbers showing up between my sorting results. First I thought it's a bug, but it's more like an unintentional feature 😉
It was a very simple function which took an array of numbers as parameter and returned another one. It is important that the parameter passed to the function must be a range of numbers starting from 1, without skipping. The actual code just displaced the numbers in the array, placing the number from the original array into the new array. The index in the new array was the actual number from the first one, and the value in the second array was the index from the first. Here is an illustration:
As you see it was nothing fancy…. So again, the value of the first array indicates the index in the second array, and the index of the first array becomes the value in the second array. If you place the numbers following that rule, you'll get exactly the same number. They got the name mirrored arrays because of that properties. Now the tricky part was that it's not true for all the permutations of the sequence, and this is why I thought first that there is something wrong with my code. For a range of numbers from 1 to 8, there are 40320 permutations, but only 764 of them can be mirrored.
I looked into the function and tried to figure out if it is a new mathematical discovery I made, or just a silly puzzle. Well the second option seemed more realistic… Back to the topic, the question is how can I generate these numbers?
Luckily the toolbox was already open, so the first implementation was finished quickly. It looks like:
from itertools import permutations
def find_mirror_arrays(array_length):
 '''
 First brute-force implementation for finding mirrored arrays
 Generates all permutations of array_length and test every
 one of them separately.
 '''
 array = [i for i in range(1, array_length + 1)]
 array_permutations = permutations(array, array_length)
 found_arrays = []
 for test_array in array_permutations:
 new_array = [0] * array_length
 for arr_index, arr_value in enumerate(test_array):
 new_array[arr_value - 1] = arr_index + 1
 if tuple(new_array) == test_array:
 found_arrays.append(new_array)
 return found_arrays
mirror_arrays = find_mirror_arrays(8)
Now what this snippet does is it generates all the permutations of the required length and then tests every one of them with that simple displacer operation, so after we execute the displacement operation on a sequence we should get the same sequence back. If we get another sequence, of course it means that it's not a mirrored array.
Now the problem with that implementation is, that it's a brute force method, primitive enough to cause performance problems above the length of 10 numbers.
The interesting part just started. How to generate those numbers manually to get better performances? Took a little time until I figured out, but finally I got an idea. The simplest way I had in my mind was using a recursive function. Although recursive functions are usually a bit more messy, I don't like them either, but in theory using them in this case would result with more readable code than doing it by a regular approach.
Here's the code i got then:
from copy import deepcopy
class MirrorCrafter(object):
 '''
 Second implementation, non-bruteforce method, uses a recursive function
 to generate a tree of solutions and collect all the results.
 '''
 def __init__(self):
 self._mirrored_arrays = []
 def _get_child_branches(self, parent):
 remaining_numbers = list(parent['remaining_numbers'])
 for num in remaining_numbers:
 src_list = list(parent['src_list'])
 free_cell_index = src_list.index(0)
 src_list[free_cell_index] = num
 src_list[num - 1] = free_cell_index + 1
 new_remaining_numbers = list(remaining_numbers)
 try:
 new_remaining_numbers.remove(num)
 new_remaining_numbers.remove(free_cell_index + 1)
 except ValueError:
 pass
 try:
 new_branch
 except NameError:
 new_branch = deepcopy(parent)
 new_branch['child_branches'] = []
 new_branch['src_list'] = src_list
 new_branch['remaining_numbers'] = new_remaining_numbers
 if new_remaining_numbers:
 new_branch['child_branches'].append(self._get_child_branches(new_branch))
 if 0 not in src_list:
 self._mirrored_arrays.append(src_list)
 return new_branch
 def get_mirrors(self, array_length):
 tree_branch = {
 'src_list': [0] * array_length,
 'remaining_numbers': range(1, array_length + 1),
 'child_branches': []
 }
 self._get_child_branches(tree_branch)
 return self._mirrored_arrays
mc = MirrorCrafter()
mirror_arrays = mc.get_mirrors(8)
This looks much more interesting. It uses a dictionary which has 3 keys. As it calls itself recursively over and over again it creates a tree by appending new branches of solutions. See the following example tree. In a similar way is our tree organized, at least it was the basic idea for it.
Benchmarks were made using a pretty old Athlon64 2800+ @1800MHz. Someone with an i7 could post some screenshots 😉 Anyway, take a look at my results:
first implementation on length of 8:
time required to run script: 0.239191
time required to run script: 0.238772
time required to run script: 0.235737
second implementation on length of 8:
time required to run script: 0.550336
time required to run script: 0.577819
time required to run script: 0.551476
first implementation on length of 9:
time required to run script: 2.282437
time required to run script: 2.227491
time required to run script: 2.237375
second implementation on length of 9:
time required to run script: 2.481702
time required to run script: 2.500234
time required to run script: 2.568499
As we can see the first primitive algorithm beats our nextgen implementation. But not for so long, it's just on smaller lengths, look at this:
first implementation on length of 10:
time required to run script: 23.976178
time required to run script: 24.317904
time required to run script: 24.385197
second implementation on length of 10:
time required to run script: 12.304419
time required to run script: 11.570755
time required to run script: 11.774170
first implementation on length of 11:
time required to run script: 286.148981
time required to run script: 295.728056
time required to run script: 298.418401
second implementation on length of 11:
time required to run script: 59.683516
time required to run script: 59.883970
time required to run script: 59.646269
And the difference exponentially rises… Not bad.
That would be the result of our discovery, the next thing should be to create a third implementation, hopefully even better than the second one. Let's see… It would be great if a solution could be found with a regular approach using simple loops… After a little time I came up with this:
from copy import deepcopy
def get_mirror_arrays_v3(array_length):
 '''
 Third implementation, non-brute-force method using loops, does not generate
 any trees, the remaining numbers are calculated every time on the fly.
 '''
 available_numbers = range(1, array_length + 1)
 num_seq = [[x] + [0] * (array_length - 1) for x in available_numbers]
 for x in num_seq:
 x[x[0] - 1] = 1
 for count in range(array_length - 2):
 if count != 0:
 num_seq = deepcopy(completed_seq)
 completed_seq = []
 for index, seq in enumerate(num_seq):
 seq = num_seq[index]
 remaining_numbers = [x for x in available_numbers if x not in seq]
 if not remaining_numbers:
 completed_seq.append(seq)
 for next


What Makes Accelerate Different?
What separates Accelerate from other book summary programs?
The First Difference: Our Book Summary Philosophy.
There are TWO principles that shape our book summaries and make this program unique:
#1: The Insight Principle
 "Books don't change people, paragraphs do and sometimes sentences. They may lodge themselves so powerfully in our mind that its effect is enormous when all else is forgotten." – John Piper
You may forget a book's page numbers, but you'll never forget its' worldview-shaping insights.
Accelerateidentifies these paragraphs and sentences. After spending hours analyzing a book, our team extracts the key insights and then strategically presents them in a way that is easy to grasp. More than summarizing books chapter-by-chapter, we focus on maximizing reader comprehension and retention.
#2: The 20% Principle
"80% of a book's main insights are found in 20% of the pages. So without apology, I ransack books for what I can get in the little time I have in this season of life." – David Mathis
In other words, while most of a book's pages exist to illustrate and solidify a handful of main ideas, these main ideas reside within 20% of the pages. Accelerate book summaries give you access to this 20%, allowing you to quickly grasp the book.
The Second Difference: Focus on Reader Comprehension
While we're proud of the many features that are unique to Accelerate, the second main difference is our focus on reader comprehension. Rather than simply summarizing books chapter-by-chapter, our goal is to present a book's key insights in a memorable and accessible way. Our book briefs are designed intentionally to maximize learning and retention.
Additionally, knowing that we're all wired to learn differently, next year (2019) we plan to introduce accompanying audio mp3s and infographics for every book brief. We're pretty excited about that :)
Still feeling stuck? Contact Us Contact Us


September - Sapphire
Mystical Properties
Sapphires are known as the stones of wisdom and serenity. They release mental tension and dispel depression. They facilitate meditation, calm the mind, and provide the mental clarity required to surmount obstacles. Sapphires align the physical, mental, and spiritual planes and restore balance within the body. When worn at the throat, they facilitate creativity and self-expression. Sapphires are used to develop the "third eye," and are often associated with out-of-body experiences, telepathy, and precognition.
Showing 1–16 of 19 results


text:
National Immunization Survey-IIS Collaboration
National Immunization Survey-IIS Match Project
The NIS-IIS Match Project has been conducted each year since 2008 as a mechanism for independently and objectively evaluating the completeness of data maintained within state/city-managed Immunization Information System (IIS). The National Immunization Survey (NIS) uses random-digit-dialing to find a sample of households with age-eligible children. With the consent of parents or guardians, the NIS also contacts the children's immunization providers (by mail) to request a complete vaccination history from the child's medical records. During the NIS and NIS-Teen household interviews, NIS interviewers also seek permission from the parents or guardians to contact that state's/city's IIS to obtain immunization information. The NIS-IIS Match Project assesses the completeness of demographic records in the IIS by attempting to identify NIS/NIS-Teen participants who provide consent to contact the IIS, and it assesses the completeness of vaccination records by comparing the vaccination history from the IIS and the vaccination record from the immunization provider collected as part of the NIS/NIS-Teen. The requesting program receives a final report that summarizes the data analysis and includes detailed tables. Immunization programs may choose to participate based on local priorities. Prior to the start of a given data collection year, programs indicate their interest in participating to CDC during the cooperative agreement renewal process.
For more information on NIS and NIS-Teen, see the National Immunization Survey website.


Plugging in: GRE and GMAT Quant strategy
Quant Strategy: plugging in values
Avoid messy algebraic equations
Plugging in values when there are unknowns in the questions or the answer options is a fairly straightforward strategy that can help you navigate high-complexity questions on the GRE and GMAT Quant sections. Especially those that can send you into a spiral by making you solve complex algebraic equations.
The premise of plugging in values is that it's generally easier to work with numbers (ideally whole numbers and not fractions) than to work with multiple unknown variables (Xs, Ys and Zs).
Let's look at a very simple example to see how plugging in a value can help deal with tricky situations.
Plugging in – Illustrative Example
John is X years old. Bob is 5 years younger than John. In terms of X, how old will Bob be in Y years?
A. Y (X – 5)
B. X (Y – 5)
C. X + Y – 5
D. X + Y
E. (X / 5) + Y
This is not a tough question; we could most likely do this algebraically. But that doesn't seem like an elegant way to solve, so why even bother when we can use arithmetic instead of algebra!
But how do we do that?
Instead of "X" and "Y" let us substitute integers and follow the rules of the question. Let's assign a value for X; X = 10 and for Y; Y = 20 (why those numbers? Because those are both divisible by 5 and they don't violate any of the 'rules' that the question has laid out). Now, once we've written down our numbers, we need to solve the problem using those numbers.
Here's the question restated with numbers instead of variable:
John is 10 years old. Bob is 5 years younger. How old will Bob be in 20 years?
Let's break this down:
– If John is 10 and Bob is 5 years younger, then Bob is currently 5 years old.
– In 20 years, Bob will be 25 years old.
Hence 25. Now let's push those values of X and Y (that we plugged in to the question) to the answer options.
A. 20 (10 – 5) would equal 100; ELIMINATE
B. 10 (20 – 5) is equal to 150; ELIMINATE
C. 10 + 20 – 5 equals 25; SELECT! This is the answer!
Do we stop here?
In this question there's no possibility of the variables standing for negative or fractional numbers. You should, therefore, stop with C and not move any further.
If, on the other hand, there is possibility for the variables to stand for negative or fractional numbers, you must check all answer options.
Plugging in: advanced
Can you apply what you've learned about plugging in to solve the following question without resorting to (messy) algebra?
A mall's parking garage has space only for certain number of cars. If 1 / 5 of places are left empty, and 2 / 5 of the places are used by compact cars, then non-compact cars take up what fraction of filled spaces in the garage?
A. 1/3
B. 2/5
C. 1/2
D. 3/5
E. 4/5
Let's plug in values: assume that total number of spaces in the garage is 25: it's easier to calculate with 25 as there are 5's in denominator for 1/5 and 2/5 …
Show Complete Solution
Hence, total space in garage = 25
Then Empty places in garage = 1/5 of 25 = 1/5 x 25 = 5
– Filled places in garage = 25 – 5 = 20
– Places used by compact cars = 2/5 of 25 = 2/5 x 25 = 10
Therefore, places used by non-compact cars = 20 – 10 = 10
Then non-compact cars as fraction of filled spaces = 10/ 20 = 1/2
Answer: Option C
Hide Solution
Did you find that helpful? Try to find opportunities where you can use this strategy when solving GRE / GMAT questions. You won't just be saving time, you'll also be improving your accuracy substantially.
Assess your Quant Competency
Take the Plusprep Quant Mini assessment test


The Indigenous Worldview and Healing as a Process
jannworkboardThe traditional ancient teachings of Indigenous cultures are providing profound healing methods and perspectives to those on their healing journey. This workshop can be applied to the healing of many topics: sexual abuse, abandonment, grief and loss, violence, fostering and adoption, couple relationships, residential school trauma, emotions especially anger and depression. Details of the workshop will be finalized with those requesting it.


text:
An Analysis on Finding the Influencing Factors Among Teachers in Kanchipuram District to Enhancing their Pedagogical Knowledge using Data Mining TechniquesJournal: IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS) (Vol.6, No. 1)
Publication Date: 2018-02-13
Authors : Nalini.K Prakasam.S;
Page : 20-25
Keywords : Keywords: Pedagogy; Knowledge; Teachers; Influencing Factors;
ABSTRACT In the Modern Era the Pedagogy Knowledge is playing a vital role in the teacher's carrier. Because it helps to increase their performance, understanding subject, delivering the content to the students. The teachers' ability to make appropriate connections among concepts, to generate different solutions and representations for problems, to address students' difficulties and misconceptions effectively, and to choose appropriate examples to teach a particular topic were largely based on the depth of their subject-matter knowledge. However, the field experiences contributed to their repertoire of examples of students' difficulties and misconceptions as well as instructional strategies and materials. The purpose of this study was to examine how the pedagogy methods and its associated field experience supported the development of pedagogical knowledge for school primary teachers in Kanchipuram District. Also examined to find out the highest influencing factors and least influencing factors of different pedagogical approaches in different subjects in Kanchipuram District Teachers and examined what are the approaches contributed to that development from the teachers' perspective in Kanchipuram District. The data were collected in Kanchipuram District Schools during August 2017 to November 2017. During this period, the author collected 309 samples in the form of observations, questionnaire from different teachers in different schools in Kanchipuram District and the collected data was analyzed according to the pedagogical knowledge framework developed for this study.
Other Latest Articles
Last modified: 2018-02-13 20:34:59


text:
| You must have heard about different kinds of competition, and your children also must have participated in many of them. But today, I will tell you about a unique and a very interesting competition. i.e., National Handwriting Olympiad.
National Handwriting Olympiad is a handwriting competition which is conducted at the national level. It is unique because the participant does not have to do any special preparations and it is interesting because even the one, who actually does not win, never loses. You must be wondering how this is possible.
Actually, in this Competition students across India participate through their schools. The most interesting aspect is that, those students with illegible handwriting can also take part in this competition.
The reason behind it being –"The way of Evaluation of the handwriting sheets"
Handwriting experts scrutinize the handwriting sheets and also give necessary suggestions as well as corrective advice to each and every student. This advice helps your child to improve / repair his /her handwriting.
The Experts in the field of Handwriting have said that "Handwriting reflects the personality of an Individual."
If you want to ensure success for your child in Academic Career, you will have to focus on his/her handwriting from childhood itself.
The Best known Handwriting Institute of India, Write - Right found in its survey, that 96% of the merit students have got good and legible handwriting, and they also have a better control over languages; And if worked upon scientifically the handwriting of every single student can be improved within 7 to 10 days.
The main aim of this Competition is to spread the awareness & importance of Handwriting among students, so that they can focus on handwriting right from the beginning and not lose marks due to illegible handwriting.
Through this type of Competitions
- Your child will get an opportunity to improve his/her handwriting.
- Your child becomes aware about Importance of legible handwriting.
- Your child will be Awarded/ Rewarded.
So Friends, Isn't it a Unique Competition, where students who are losing can also win. After knowing about this competition, you will be willing that your child should participate, so why the delay? Talk to the Teachers today itself. For more Information, log on to _URL_


So, here is my problem: I am working on a top down 2d shooter in Java and have a character, which can move and rotate/fire to the mouse direction. Shooting guns etc. works fine but now i am trying to implement a shell ejection system, which "ejects" the shells next to the player. The problem is, that i can't just draw the shells next to the player since the player has an x and y position which are rotating. I want the shells to have a random radius in which they will be ejected. But i don't know how to implement something like this. Any suggestions?
EDIT: That's my shell-ejection method, which doesn't work(the angle represents the player angle):
 public void shellEjection(){
 x=(float) x*((float) (Math.cos(angle)));
 y=(float) y*((float) (Math.sin(angle)));
 double length = Math.sqrt((mouseX - x)*(mouseX - x) + (mouseY - y)*(mouseY - y));
 double xVel = (5 - x) /length * 5*bulletVelocity;
 double yVel = (5 - y) /length * 5*bulletVelocity;
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ To which class is this method attached? How is it called? \$\endgroup\$ – Vaillancourt Dec 7 '16 at 18:56
 - \$\begingroup\$ it's attached to the bullet class. \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 18:59
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ What does the code which calls this method look like? How is it used? \$\endgroup\$ – Vaillancourt Dec 7 '16 at 19:01
 - \$\begingroup\$ edited my code. Hope it's more clear now. \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 19:16
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ Who calls that code? :P \$\endgroup\$ – Vaillancourt Dec 7 '16 at 19:17
To give you a pseudo code solution:
 1. Get X and Y from the gun (gun position).
 2. Work out the relative rotation of the gun from the player (purple arrow), so that you can easily offset the shell fall direction later.
 3. Work out the direction and distance that the shell should fly, you will probably want a general direction that the shell will fall in since shells in real life don't tend to fall into exactly the same location.
 4. spawn the shell and start moving it in the direction that you determined in the last step.
 5. stop moving (and manipulating) the shell once it reaches the point you want it to land at.
enter image description here
I made a quick image of what I mean to better illustrate these steps above. That should be the rough steps of what you need to do. Keep in mind that you will want to use an object pool to stop yourself wasting resources and if it's available to you stop updating the shell object once it reaches it's final point so that you only render it (not wasting precious CPU cycles).
Hope this helped :)
From what I understand the problem that you have is that you don't know how to find the XY position of the gun since the gun is at an offset from the middle of the character. I'm guessing that the gun is always in the same position when being fired relative to the center XY (or at least you know about every position or can figure that out another way).
What you can try doing is figuring out what the distance is from the center to the gun, then use Sin and Cos (yay maths) to figure out where the gun is in space based on the rotation. There is a great site that visualises the relationship between sin and cos here.
So to give an example:
enter image description here
Use pythagoras theorem to work out the distance, again check that website i mentioned above to get a better writeup.
 - \$\begingroup\$ Yes, i had the same kind of idea in mind. The angle for the falling shell direction itself is not a problem since it's dependent on the shot-angle. The main problem i have, is the "ejection"-movement/direction itself. The ejection direction is dependent on the rotation which is updating the whole time and that's what i don't really understand how to achieve. \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 21:03
 - \$\begingroup\$ Yes and no, the ejection direction is dependent on the shooting angle only when the player shoots and a shell needs to be ejected. After that the shell only needs to follow its direction while the gun can move anywhere at any angle, after they spawn you should think of them as unrelated objects in your game that you need to move. \$\endgroup\$ – user3797758 Dec 7 '16 at 21:52
 - \$\begingroup\$ Yes and that's the problem. I don't know how to couple the rotation with the movement(the update of the x and y position to eject the bullet next to the playeror the weapon in this case). \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 22:20
 - \$\begingroup\$ ok i tried working with shapes now. I aligned a line to the player center and it rotates just like i want it to. I thought about maybe letting the bullets fly in the vector of a the bullets length but when i rotate the shape, the x and y positions of the line don't change. I am not that good with trigonometry, so a little help here would be much appreciated :( Maybe a code formula or something? \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 8 '16 at 15:54
 - \$\begingroup\$ ok, no problem the edit should have you covered. \$\endgroup\$ – user3797758 Dec 9 '16 at 16:27
Your Answer


text:
Understanding a "Comfortable Wilderness"
At National Park sites such as Sleeping Bear Dunes National
Lakeshore, can we accept cultural landscapes as part of nature?
By Frank Edgerton Martin
When Americans think of national parks, they often envision sublime
valleys, geysers, and mountain peaks. But in nearly all states and
federal territories, the National Park Service (NPS) manages and
interprets landscapes where human presence is part of the story.
Such a landscape is Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore on North
Manitou Island, 11 miles off Lake Michigan's eastern shore.
Here, the harsh conditions of Great Lakes weather and lake effects
were tamed, through the century-long cultivation of orchards and
the legacy of the genteel culture of summer cottage tourism, to
create a "comfortable" wilderness.
The term "cultural landscape" was first defined in
the 1920s by geographer Carl Sauer, who saw the natural landscape
as a medium for the inevitable transformations of human settlement.
Sleeping Bear Dunes had a natural environment of soils, climate,
water, and dunes that attracted tourism, commercial fishing, and
fruit growing. This ecology of microclimates, harbors, and soils
served as a compelling lure and canvas for the human innovation
and expression that ultimately grafted a cultural dimension to the
island. North Manitou Island is unique in the richness of its combination
of scenic and cultural resources.
…To read the entire article, subscribe to LAM!
| Annual Meeting


User Interface Layout
View the main elements and terminology in the WallMan graphical user interface (GUI).
 1. Standard toolbar
 The standard toolbar gives access to commonly used menu items including New Database, Open Database, and Save Database.
 2. View toolbar
 The view toolbar gives access to tools related to navigating the 2D views, changing the view, single wall view, and navigating the 3D view.
 The 2D views in WallMan show the database as a cross-section with a specified plane. The plane moves along the third axis (for example, the Z-axis in the X/Y view). Click the icon to modify the cut plane.
 Figure 1. The 3rd Coord Settings X/Y View dialog.
 3. Objects toolbar
 The objects toolbar gives access to tools to create indoor objects, outdoor objects, and tools to select these objects.
 4. Status bar
 The Status bar is a small toolbar that gives quick access to absolute coordinates at the location of the mouse cursor in the 2D view and also displays the currently active 2D window.
 5. Preprocessing toolbar
 The preprocessing toolbar gives access to tools such as New Project, Open Project, Save Project, and defining the preprocessing area.
 6. Indoor lego toolbar
 The indoor lego toolbar gives access to basic wall combinations for indoor database creation, for example, Rectangular room, T-shaped room, Stairs, and Roof.
 7. Clutter toolbar
 The clutter toolbar gives access to tools such as editing or displaying clutter databases.
 Note: A clutter1 database is a pixel matrix and contains information about the land usage at a given location, for example, forest, water, residential or industrial.
 8. Cross-section view at the X/Y plane
 The active view (for this example) as indicated by the text (X/Y) in red. A cross-section view of the model in the X/Y cut plane is displayed.
 9. Cross-section view at the X/Z plane
 A cross-section view of the model in the X/Z cut plane is displayed.
 10. 3D view
 A 3D view of the model showing the location of the three cut planes ( X/Y plane, X/Z plane, and Y/Z plane) in purple.
 11. Cross-section view at the Y/Z plane
 A cross-section view of the model in the Y/Z cut plane is displayed.
1 These are also called morpho databases or land usage databases.


text:
Keywords: pro-poor, climate change, mitigation, adaptation, economic growth, energy, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC, Millennium Development Goals, MDGs, low carbon development, LCD, poverty reduction, green economics
Pro-poor low carbon development and the role of growth
Climate change adaptation and mitigation need to cut across all poverty reduction efforts, including any post-2015 architecture. However, low carbon development (LCD) debates to date have been mainly about high and middle-income countries. There are good reasons why even the poorest countries with low emissions might be interested in pursuing LCD. This article assesses the controversial role of growth for LCD. The article argues that we need to link up pro-poor policy debates with the low carbon debates as part of a post-MDG agenda. The paper explores several policy responses to LCD and analyses how pro-poor these policy responses are.


text:
Introduction to Pacific education in New Zealand and the Pacific region. Focus is on education's impact on Pacific people's academic achievement and lives in a globalised world.
This paper offers an introduction to Pacific Education in New Zealand and the Pacific region. The focus is on education and knowledge systems in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, and the impacts of these systems on Pacific peoples' academic achievement.
|Paper title||Special Topic: Pacific Education|
|Subject||Pacific Islands Studies|
|Teaching period||Semester 2 (On campus)|
|Domestic Tuition Fees (NZD)||$955.05|
|International Tuition Fees||Tuition Fees for international students are elsewhere on this website.|
- PACI 101 or 18 points relevant to the Pacific Islands in ANTH, GEND, GEOG, HIST or MFCO
- Schedule C
- Arts and Music
Ph: 03 _PHONE_
- More information link
- View more information on Te Tumu's website
- Teaching staff
- Paper Structure
This course will look at selected topics over one 2-hour lecture each week, with discussions on the associated readings and issues in small class tutorials once a week.
- Teaching Arrangements
- Internal Assessments 60%
- Final Examination 40%
Readings will be advised on a course outline that will be available on Blackboard through e-Reserve.
- Graduate Attributes Emphasised
- Global perspective, Interdisciplinary perspective, Communication, Critical thinking,
View more information about Otago's graduate attributes.
- Learning Outcomes
Students who successfully complete the paper will be able to:
- Discuss the purposes of Education for Pacific peoples in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands
- Demonstrate knowledge of New Zealand and Pacific Islands education and knowledge systems
- Demonstrate an understanding of Pacific Education in New Zealand
- Critically analyse Pacific peoples academic performances in New Zealand education


Skip to main content
Chemistry LibreTexts
2.15: Recognizing Chemical Reactions
 - Page ID
 52547
 - Introduction
 Making a pizza can be as easy as buying a "take and bake" from a store and putting it in the oven or as complicated as mixing the dough and loading it up with your favorite toppings before baking it. How do you know when it is done? The most obvious sign is that the crust turns light brown. The dough is no longer flexible, but much more solid. Maybe the cheese has melted. You want the pizza to be cooked, not half-raw.
 Recognizing Chemical Reactions
 How can you tell if a chemical reaction is taking place? There are four visual clues that indicate that a chemical reaction is likely occurring.
 1. A change in color occurs during the reaction.
 2. A gas is produced during the reaction.
 3. A solid product called a precipitate is produced in the reaction.
 4.A transfer of energy occurs as a result of the reaction.
 Mercury (II) oxide is a red solid. When it is heated to a temperature above \(500^\text{o} \text{C}\), it easily decomposes into mercury and oxygen gas. The red color of the mercury oxide reactant becomes the silver color of mercury. The color change is the sign that the reaction is occurring.
 Mercuric oxide.
 Mercury metal.
 When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, the reaction bubbles vigorously as hydrogen gas is produced. The production of a gas is also an indication that a chemical reaction is occurring.
 Zinc reacting with hydrochloric acid produces bubbles of hydrogen gas.
 When a colorless solution of lead (II) nitrate is added to a colorless solution of potassium iodide, a yellow solid called a precipitate is instantly produced. A precipitate is a solid product that forms from a reaction and settles out of a liquid solution. The formation of a precipitate is an indication of a chemical reaction.
 A yellow precipitate of solid lead (II) iodide forms immediately when solutions of lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide are mixed.
 All chemical changes involve a transfer of energy. When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, the test tube becomes very warm as energy is released during the reaction. Some other reactions absorb energy. While energy changes are a potential sign of a chemical reaction, care must be taken to ensure that a chemical reaction is indeed taking place. Physical changes also involve a transfer of energy. Melting of a solid absorbs energy, while the condensation of a gas releases energy. The only way to be certain that a chemical reaction has taken place is to test the composition of the substances after the change has taken place to see if they are different from the starting substances.
 Summary
 - There are four visual clues that indicate that a chemical reaction is likely occurring.
 - A change of color occurs during the reaction.
 - A gas is produced during the reaction.
 - A solid product called a precipitate is produced in the reaction.
 - A transfer of energy occurs as a result of the reaction.
 Contributors
 - CK-12 Foundation by Sharon Bewick, Richard Parsons, Therese Forsythe, Shonna Robinson, and Jean Dupon.


text:
INTRODUCTION: Despite the effectiveness of 223RaCl2 for treating patients with symptomatic bone metastatic disease, its mechanisms of action are still unclear. Even established dosimetric approaches differ considerably in their conclusions. In silico tumour models bring a new perspective to this as they can quantitatively simulate the interaction of α-particles with the target(s). Here, we investigated three different mathematical models of tumour growth that take into account the radiation effect of Radium-223 treatments and compare the results to clinical data.
METHODS: The well-established Gompertz growth model was applied to simulate metastatic tumour burden. Based on published measurements of Radium-223 uptake, we have incorporated the radiation effect of α-particles into the model and investigated three radium distribution scenarios - uniform exposure, exposure of only an outer layer, and exposure of a constant volume of the tumour. For each scenario, the times for various tumour stages to progress to the first symptomatic skeletal event were calculated.
RESULTS: Uniform and outer-layer exposure scenarios showed very poor agreement with the Kaplan-Meier patient curves from clinical data. However, the constant volume effect predicted very similar outcomes to the observed clinical results, suggesting, depending on dose-rate, that relatively small fractions of the cell population see damage from Radium-223.
CONCLUSIONS: The commonly-used assumption of uniform Radium-223 distribution does not accurately reflect clinical responses. The suggestion that only a sub-population of the tumour might be affected by Radium-223 shows that there is a pressing need to further study the tumour and drug kinetics in order to schedule more effective treatments in the future.
|Journal||International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics|
|Early online date||14 Dec 2018|
|Publication status||Early online date - 14 Dec 2018|


text:
Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia
Spider Lawn Mower Automation Design
|Authors:||Plascencia Alfredo C., Beran Vítězslav|
|Licence:||required - no fee|
|Keywords:||lawn mower robot, non-linear control, sensory system, robot navigation|
|This project proposal describes the automation of a four steering wheel lawn mower robot called spider lawn mower SLM robot. The SLM faces four issues studied in this research: slippage conditions and cutting grass edge following, multi-mobile robot formation control, a body detection within the grass in front of the robots path and auto-repeating the same known tasks.|
To this end, a mathematical model that takes into account the kinematics and dynamics of the SLM is proposed: state feedback linearization is designed as a control strategy to tackle the nonlinearities of the system, implemented and tested.


10 Tips On Playing Double Bass Drums
A gathering of sweaty, bruised, and battered metal fans stand in awl as Nile's George Kollias executes a perfect 32 note machine-gun pattern on his kick drums. As the concert lets out, the YouTube hits skyrocket for videos pertaining to bass drum technique, speed tips, endurance exercises, and quick gain gimmicks. While the majority chalks up the abilities of men like Kollias as "god like", the persistent are realizing the benefits of proper technique and countless hours of hard work. Although there are no immaculate coordination elixirs or superb technique pills, comprised here are 10 tips on playing double bass drums.
 1. When learning double bass drumming, acquire a metronome and discover the maximum BPM (beats per minute) that can be played cleanly. For 200 BPM aim to execute a sixteenth note (1 e & a count) between the clicks. The novice should begin with single strokes (one hit per foot) on the feet, maintaining a simple hand pattern on top.
 2. Practice leading with both the right and left foot. When learning double bass, or drums period, unison is key.
 3. Experiment with the "heel-down" technique of keeping your heels on the pedal's base plate or floor, as well as the "heel-up" technique of keeping your heels one to two inches above the base plate. When learning double bass, the average drummer finds it's easier to eclipse higher speeds using the heel up technique, but different strokes for different folks.
 4. Once the single stroke has been mastered, experiment with more difficult double strokes (2 hits per foot) while maintaining a simple hand pattern on top. Executing double stroke takes time and practice, and may not be practical for every drummer.
 5. The two foot techniques worth researching are, the "swivel-foot" and the "heel-toe" techniques, offering alternative methods for executing double strokes more effortlessly and effectively. When learning to play double bass, the Internet has thousands of foot technique videos, make sure to practice these techniques slowly at first to commit the movements to muscle memory.
 6. Good posture and proper breathing are crucial when playing double bass, always make sure to sit up straight and don't forget to breath.
 7. Similar to the drumstick, the foot pedals have their own fulcrum points. Experiment with foot-placement on the pedal's footboard to locate the fulcrum point. The fulcrum point is the balance point and when used properly, the feet need apply less force and hence greater endurance and faster speeds become capable.
 8. Once comfort is achieved practicing singles and doubles under simple hand patterns, experiment with more complex hand patterns. Try playing a paradiddle (RLRR LRLL) with the hands and straight singles or doubles with the feet, and inversely switch the two patterns playing paradiddles with the feet and straight single or doubles with the hands (experiment with the hands on different surfaces (drums and cymbals) and different variations).
 9. Find the right pedal(s) for the application. With all the pedal varieties on the market today, playing double bass can become quite a costly hobby. Experiment with different pedals both long board and short board models, and find the optimal fit to the music being played.
 10. Know when and when not to use double bass, the concept of musicality. Metal will traditionally require more extreme and excessive usage of double bass technique. The possibilities are endless in the drumming community when it comes to double bass, offering clever fill and beat variations. Avoid overplaying whenever possible, understanding the genre being performed and apply double bass where the song can call for it.
As with any hobby or talent, practice is key, and research can teach new and exciting techniques to break speed thresholds. When learning to play double bass, make sure to remain focused and open minded. The "gods" of drumming are humans too, who treat their craft with the utmost respect and have worked hard to execute the blistering speed, endurance, technique, and limb independence that leaves the listener dumbfounded. Commitment to proper technique and practice with a sense for musicality and open-mindedness yields the ultimate drumming machine.
Roddy, Derek. (2007). The Evolution of Blast Beats. Hudson Limited
Strong, J. (2001). Drums For Dummies. New York City: Hungry Minds
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The Most Dangerous Game: Chasing a Sea Snail? | Travel | Smithsonian
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The Most Dangerous Game: Chasing a Sea Snail?
They're clammy. They're rubbery. They're often deep-fried in vegetable oil. And though the red abalone of California was once a staple of dirt-cheap seafood shacks, this big slippery sea snail is today one of the most prized seafoods in the world.
Abalone is also the goal of one of the most dangerous recreational games in America. Abalone diving season kicked off in Northern California on April 1, and though no fatalities have yet been reported, well, let's just knock on wood. Because since 1993, at least 54 people have lost their lives while pursuing abalone, including eight in 2008 and seven in 2007, and rare is the season in which at least one diver doesn't perish in the cold and rough waters of the North Coast. Yet so fervent is the urge to get in the water and bag one's daily limit of three abalone that many divers who have driven hours to get to their favorite spot only to find the sea surging and violent just brave the waves anyway. Sometimes they die. Kelp may be the greatest of hazards to the diver, who are prohibited from using SCUBA gear. This spectacular seaweed, so gentle in appearance and symbolic of the California coast, occurs in nasty thickets in many locations. Kelp may grow more than a foot per day, and in the summer sun during calm periods, kelp forests can burgeon seemingly out of control until the fronds layer the surface like a carpet. Underwater, the long, cord-like stipes hang ceiling to seafloor. Among the rocks at their base is where the abalone dwell. Some divers wait until a large storm rips these kelp plants from the seafloor, clearing the water, while most just deal with it—the sensation of long, rubbery cords of kelp sliding over one's legs is familiar to any abalone diver. Many carry knives strapped to their lower leg to cut through the kelp should they become entangled. Ironically, divers have drowned when their knives become snagged on the kelp.
Other divers die of exhaustion or heart attacks, sometimes collapsing on the rocks after a particularly strenuous dive. Among the least of dangers is the great white shark—though the fear of being eaten is one of the most persistent and haunting. In 2004, a well-known diver in Mendocino County was decapitated by a shark in one swift attack. Though dozens of abalone hunters have died from other causes since, Randy Fry remains a name that Northern California divers speak with a tone of regret and unmistakable dread. Today, many divers, as well as kayakers and surfers, wear "Shark Shields," a relatively new device that emits an electric field that may deter sharks as large as great whites.
So, what is all the fuss and excitement about? For many people, abalone means nothing more than an excuse to get wet in one of the world's most beautiful underwater settings. For some divers, it's a treasure hunt—all about locating the big snails and prying them out of their crevices and holes. For a few divers, eating abalone isn't even the point—collecting them is. After sacking their limits an driving home, they hand out the snails to their friends. (I recently joked with one such diver that she might just hunt for rocks instead and leave the abalone, which may be decades old, to their peaceful business.)
For others, abalone hunting is an obsessive game of numbers. These dedicated trophy hunters will take nothing but "tens," that is, abalone at least 10 inches wide. (The minimum legal size is seven inches.) So particular are "ten divers" about this hallowed but arbitrary dimension that they usually measure and record their catches down to the hundredth of an inch, with the difference between a 10.64- or 10.47-inch abalone being a worthy distinction. The shells they polish and display on walls, and there is even a website dedicated to the hunt for huge abalone called Abalone Ten. Large abs, as divers often call their quarry, often occupy dark crevices 20 feet or more beneath the surface, and one may wonder as shivers creep up the spine how many divers have drowned with their heads stuck in an underwater cave.
The snails, meanwhile, keep meekly minding their business. They slide slowly across the seafloor, seeking kelp scraps, their chief food source, by day and returning to cracks and caves by night, and little do they know of the storm that their existence stirs—a storm of economic activity, weekends spent camping, poaching busts and car chases, photo ops, celebrations and family feasts... and funerals.
By the numbers:
Of about 35,000 licensed abalone hunters in California, more than 50 have died in the past 20 years.
Of about 300,000 licensed hunters in California, 27 died in accidents from 1994 to 2009.
20: Fatal mountain lion attacks in North America since 1890, including 6 people in California.
934: Commercial fishermen killed in America between 1992 and 2007.
6,000 to 8,000: Estimated total number of mountain climber deaths on Mont Blanc.
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The shrine of knowledge.
Deities & Heros >> Roman
mythical king, latium, deities, hellenic
Fauna and Faunus
Author: Obsidian
Suggested News Resources
San Valentino: la vita del Santo protettore degli innamorati e patrono di Terni
Fauna's celebration was held on the first night of May. It was a hallowed event restricted to women, as the men honoured Fauna's masculine consort, Faunus, instead. More..
Of goats and men
Ancient Roman mythological belief includes a god named Faunus and a goddess named Fauna. Then there's the Greek equivalent of Faunas, Pan. He is connected to fertility and the season of spring, as well as theatrical criticism.
RAZARAJUĆI EFEKTI Stižu oluje, suše i poplave
Ulcinjska Solana u Veneciji


- primitive moths
 TITLE: lepidopteran: Thorax
 SECTION: Thorax
 The forewings and hind wings on each side are coupled together in various ways. In primitive moths a fingerlike lobe on the forewing overlaps the base of the hind wing. In most moths a strong bristle or cluster of bristles (frenulum) near the base of the hind wing engages a catch (retinaculum) on the forewing. In some moths and in the skippers and butterflies, the frenulum mechanism has been...


text:
Noel Semple has recently released a paper contributing to the ongoing discussion surrounding the cost of civil justice in Canada. He draws attention to the financially burdensome nature of civil justice claims, as well as temporal and psychological costs involved with legal disputes. His thorough investigation of the issue draws on the National Self Represented Litigants Project for quantitative information about the true costs of accessing civil justice. The paper is available on SSRN.
While much of the literature surrounding innovation emphasizes the importance of creativity and spontaneity, this article from McKinsey Quarterly reminds innovators that discipline and constraint have an important role to play in the process as well. The article suggests that "simple rules" can guide and structure innovation without hampering its generative qualities.
A group of 11 Toronto family lawyers are petitioning the Law Society to lift its contingency fee prohibition. They argue that the current regulatory framework poses a disadvantage to parties with access to fewer resources. The lawyers also point out that the high number of self-represented litigants in the family justice system warrants a change to current billing structures.
To read more about the petition, see this Toronto Star article.


#> -10000.5 1233 27.5 60.5 2.371985 11.25251 _PHONE_
We could then use these data to build a PCA.
Downscaling
pastclim does not contain built-in code to change the spatial resolution of the climatic reconstructions, but it is possible to downscale the data by using the relevant function from the terra package.
At first we will need to extract a region and time of choice, in this case Europe 10,000 years ago
europe_10k <- region_slice(
 dataset = "Example",
 bio_variables = c("bio01"),
 time_bp = -10000, ext = region_extent$Europe
)
terra::plot(europe_10k)
We can then downscale using the disagg() function from the terra package, requiring an aggregation factor expressed as number of cells in each direction (horizontally, vertically, and, if needed, over layers). In the example below we used 25 both horizontally and vertically, using bilinear interpolation.
europe_ds <- terra::disagg(europe_10k, fact = 25, method = "bilinear")
terra::plot(europe_ds)
Note that, whilst we have smoothed the climate, the land mask has not changed, and thus it still has very blocky edges.


Asian Scientist Junior: Chang Meemann
Asian Scientist Junior: Chang Meemann
Regular price $18.00 SGD
Wildtype Books
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by Jeremy Chan
About the book:
As a child, Chang Meemann was curious about animals and plants in nature. She decided to become a paleontologist— someone who learns about dinosaurs and ancient fish by studying their remains, known as fossils. With her keen research skills, she became the first woman director of an important research center in China studying fossils. Meemann's story demonstrates how passion, nurtured from a young age, can drive scientific excellence.
💡Download your free activity worksheets for the Asian Scientist Junior series here.
Collection: Asian Scientist Junior
This book series dives into the lives of extraordinary scientists who have made significant contributions to the science and technology space—from a pioneer of India's satellite program to the scientist who discovered a cure for malaria. Through these stories of courage and conviction, Asian Scientist Junior hopes to inspire all children, wherever they grow up, to dream of a better tomorrow.
 For more books from the Asian Scientist Junior collection, visit
ISBN: 978-981-11-7900-6
Publication Date: 23 September 2018
Dimensions: 240mm x 195mm
Pages: 36
Format: Hardcover


The Adorable Pudu: South America's Smallest and Cutest Deer
The Adorable Pudu: South America's Smallest and Cutest Deer
Allow me to tell you a story about the tiniest deer species known as Pudus. These delightful creatures can be found in South America and measure only 12 to 16 inches in height.
Pudus have a diverse diet that includes grass, seeds, vegetables, and fruits. They possess the remarkable ability to stand on their hind legs and even jump onto trees. Their agility and quick reflexes enable them to escape from predators when pursued.
These charming creatures have a lifespan of around eight to ten years. They give birth to one or two fawns during the spring season and spend their lives in dense forests.
Pudus are known for their high level of activity, excelling in jumping and climbing. Surprisingly, they are about the same size as domestic dogs.
There are two distinct types of pudus: the northern Pudus found in Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru, and the southern Pudus encountered in Chile and Argentina.
Feel free to share this enchanting story with your family members and friends.
Nhat Dang


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(Solved): Prelab: Week Of February 24th For This Week The Goal Is To Get More Familiar With The Use Of Structs...
Prelab: Week of February 24th For this week the goal is to get more familiar with the use of structs. Well assume the follow
code in c please
Prelab: Week of February 24th For this week the goal is to get more familiar with the use of structs. We'll assume the following Employee data type: typedef struct { int ID, jobType; float salary; } Employee; Now implement the following function: Employee * readEmployeeInfo (FILE *fp, int *numElems) which returns an array of Employee structs similarly to what you've done before where you can assume an integer at the beginning telling you how many records follow, which tells you how big the array needs to be. (You should feel free to eliminate the second parameter if you want to implement with a getSize function instead -- which would also allow a parameter to be eliminated from the following function.) Each record will consist of two integers and a float corresponding to the members of the Employee struct. This is just like the prelab for Lab 2 except that instead of creating an array of floats you'll be creating an array of Employee structs. Okay, so after readEmployeelnfo is called the user will have an array of Employee records. The following function is useful if the user wants to retrieve the record of a particular employee based on her/his employee ID: Employee * get EmployeeByID (Employee *, int numEmps, int ID) where the first two parameters are the array of employees and the number of employees, and the third parameter is the employee ID. The function returns a pointer to the record (i.e., address of an array element struct) for the employee with that ID. Note that this just requires a loop to find the employee with the specified ID. What do you do if there is no employee with that ID? Now you need to implement get and set interface functions: void setID (Employee *p, int id) int getID (Employee *p) void set Salary (Employee *p, float salary) etc. It's important to understand why such functions are needed: They ensure that users never have to directly access any member of the Employee struct. Suppose we did allow users to access the members directly, then what would happen to their programs if we later change the member "ID" to "employeeID"?
Expert Answer
Program Files: Program.c _TAG_ _TAG_ typedef struct { int ID; int jobType; float salary; } Employee; // Function Prototypes Employee * readEmployeeInfo(F
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