and type of SLAM. For this simulation, we will be doing 2D slam with simulated IMU and laser scan data as inputs. The Cartographer ROS settings are configured in the racer_2d_cartographer.launch file.
The os1_sensor.urdf file is loaded and the robot_state_publisher node publishes the state defined in the URDF file to the /TF topic.
The cartographer_ros node is also initialized, configured by loading the racer_2d.lua file. We also remap the IMU and laser scan data from their default topics to the topics output by the simulated robot and OS-1 sensor.
Lastly, the cartographer_occupancy_grid_node is run. The occupancy_grid_node listens to the submaps published by SLAM, builds a ROS occupancy_grid out of them and publishes it. Generating the map is expensive and slow, so map updates are in the order of seconds.
This launch file is then integrated into the broader system simulation launch file.
Running the Simulation
The entire simulation is defined by the rc_laser_map.launch file. This file loads the simulation as well as all the relevant supporting ROS nodes to produce the required data for Cartographer to function.
The first portion of the file defines default values for several parameters that can be used to customize the simulation. These values can be overwritten via the command line when launching the simulation.
Next, the Gazebo simulation is started by loading the appropriate world file and spawning the robot with its integrated sensors. Then several nodes are loaded that allow the user to control the robot via the keyboard or joystick. The pointcloud_to_laserscan node is then loaded to convert the 3D pointcloud to a 2D laser scan. This makes computation simpler and also increases the flexibility of the system. Some ROS nodes only support LaserScan inputs and not PointCloud2 inputs. Lastly, the racer_2d_cartographer.launch file is executed which launches Cartographer with its specific configurations described earlier.
The video below shows the vehicle navigating the environment. Cartographer provides an RViz plugin which allows the visualization of submaps, the trajectory, and constraints.
OS1 RC Car Cartographer ROS Gazebo Simulation
Once the environment is sufficiently mapped the map file can be saved and it can be loaded later. This is done with the map_server ROS package
rosrun map_server map_saver -f /tmp/my_map
This creates two files. The YAML file describes the map metadata, and names the image file. The image file encodes the occupancy data. An example image of the occupancy grid map is shown below:
OS1 RC Car ROS Simulation Cartographer Map
Running on Real-world Data
The next step is to move from the simulated environment to the real world environment. Since the Cartographer system setup was validated in simulation, it's fairly straightforward to develop a working implementation on data collected in the real world. There will be some minor changes and parameter tuning to reflect the real world environment. We will run Cartographer in both 2D and 3D modes on data collected from an OS-1-64 mounted on a push cart and also from an OS-1-64 mounted on an RC car.
Indoor Data Collection
The first step is to collect data from your environment. Before running everything on the integrated RC car, we will collect data in a simpler and more controlled environment. In the first example, an OS-1-64 is mounted to a cart with a laptop as shown in the image below.
OS1 Cart Mount for Data Collection
The cart was manually pushed around the office. The standard ouster_ros sensor client package was used to configure the sensor and interface with ROS. The os1_cloud_node/points and os1_cloud_node/imu topics were recorded.
Validate ROS.bag File
Cartographer ROS provides a tool named cartographer_rosbag_validate to automatically analyze data present in your bag. It is generally a good idea to run this tool before trying to tune Cartographer for incorrect data.
It benefits from the experience of the Cartographer authors and can detect a variety of mistakes commonly found in bags. The tool can also provide tips on how to improve the quality of your data.
The tool can be run with the following command:
rosrun cartographer_ros cartographer_rosbag_validate -bag_filename
This produces the following output:
Cartographer ROSbag Validation Output
Run Cartographer
We will use the demo_cart_2d.launch file to replay the collected data and run Cartographer. This file loads Cartographer via the cart_2d.launch file, launches RViz preconfigured with the demo_2d.rviz settings, and replays the bag file passed via the bag_filename parameter on the command line.
The cart_2d.launch file loads the os1_sensor.urdf file to get the transformations between the IMU and sensor components required by Cartographer. It then launches the cartographer_node loading the cart_2d.lua configuration file. There are a couple of changes from the configuration files used in simulation:
 - There is no source of odometry on the cart:
 - use_odometry = false
 - We are using the full PointCloud2 message and not a LaserScan message:
 - num_laser_scans = 0,
 - num_point_clouds = 1,
As before, the default input topics are remapped to reflect the topic names output by the system in the cart_2d.launch file. Since we are reading PointCloud2 topics, the "points" topic is remapped instead of the "scan" topic.
Lastly, the cartographer_occupancy_grid_node is launched to produce the map.
The complete process is executed with the following command:
$ roslaunch rover_2dnav demo_cart_2d.launch bag_filename:=cart.bag
You can monitor the progress of the map generation via RViz as shown in the image below:
OS1 Cartographer Map Generation in RViz
The complete, final map is shown below:
OS1 Map Generated by Cartographer
Running Cartographer on an RC Car
Now that the Cartographer can run on real-world data, we can integrate Cartographer into a complete robotic system. For this example, we will mount the OS1-64 to an RC car platform. The system also has an OpenMV camera mounted, but this isn't used by the Cartographer system. The vehicle can be operated remotely with an Xbox controller. All processing is done on a fitlet2 with an Arduino Uno providing commands to the motors for steering and throttle. This set-up closely mimics the simulated system used earlier.
The complete system looks like this:
RC Car with Ouster OS1 and OpenMV Cam
When working with the RC car, the diy_driverless_car_ROS repository is used, specifically the rover_2dnav package. When manually operating the RC car, the rc_dbw_cam.launch launch file is used to start the system.
Run 2D Cartographer Online
The rc_dbw_cam.launch loads the joystick node to process steering and throttle commands from the Xbox controller. These are then sent to the L298N_node which communicates with the Arduino Uno. The rc_control.launch file is loaded which handles some control message conversions and launches an Extended Kalman Filter via the robot_localization package. The EKF node computes the odometry information that is later sent to Cartographer. The OpenMV camera driver node is launched as well as the OS-1 ROS client.
Cartographer can be run by setting the map argument to True via the command line when launching the rc_dbw_cam.launch file. This launches the pointcloud_to_laserscan node as well as Cartographer via the racer_2d_cartographer.launch file.
As described earlier, the os1_sensor.urdf file loads the component transforms and configurations from the racer_2d.lua file.
The system is launched by executing the following command:
$ roslaunch rover_2dnav racer_map.launch rviz:=true map:=true cartographer:=true
An image of the online map generation while manually controlling the RC car is shown below:
OS1 RC Car Cartographer Map Generation in RViz
Run Cartographer 3D Pipeline Offline
When operating the RC car, we want to limit the amount of processing resources utilized by mapping so those resources can be used for other perception, path planning, or controls functions that may also be running. However, if we process the collected data offline, we are less constrained by runtime constraints.
The offline_node is the fastest way of SLAMing a bag of sensor data. It does not listen on any topics, instead, it reads TF and sensor data out of a set of bags provided on the command line. In all other regards, it behaves like the cartographer_node.
Cartographer operates in both a 2D and 3D mode. The 2D pipeline estimates a trajectory of 3DoF (x,y, yaw) poses by matching 2D scans in 2D submaps. In contrast, the 3D pipeline estimates a trajectory of 6DoF (x,y,z, roll, pitch, yaw) poses by matching 3D


text:
By Brainers Technology on youtube.com
More about this content:
In this step you'll learn about two methods for removing unwanted objects from a photo. The first method is using an online photo editor, and the second method is using GIMP, an open source application and a free alternative to expensive Photoshop. Both methods are free, with no watermarks, and work well for complex images.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Compressed earth block - WikipediaA compressed earth block (CEB), also known as a pressed earth block or a compressed soil . If the blocks are stabilized with a chemical binder such as Portland cement they are called compressed stabilized earth block (CSEB) or stabilized . The machine would be mobile, allowing bricks to be made locally from earth.photos of stabilized mud blocks machinery wiki mining,Pugmill - WikipediaA pugmill or pug mill is a machine in which clay or other materials are mixed into a plastic state or a similar machine for the trituration of ore. Industrial applications are found in pottery, bricks, cement and some parts of . Flyash Conditioning – Wetting fly ash in a pugmill to stabilize the ash so that it won't create dust.
Rammed earth - WikipediaRammed earth, also known as taipa (Portuguese), tapial (Spanish), pisé (de terre) (French), . Historically, such additives as lime or animal blood were used to stabilize the material, while modern construction . Where blocks made of rammed earth are used, they are generally stacked like regular blocks but are bonded.photos of stabilized mud blocks machinery wiki mining,Mining - Bitcoin WikiDec 26, 2016 . Bitcoin nodes use the block chain to distinguish legitimate Bitcoin transactions from attempts to re-spend coins that have already been spent.John Frank
Explore Hanibalix's board "Compressed earth block" on Pinterest, the world's catalog of ideas. | See more about . 5. 2. CEB - Compressed Earth Block Construction - Simple, Sustainable, Natural, Cheap (5 .. 2. Stabilized compressed earth block flooring .. 1. Open Source Compressed Earth Block Machine - Video.
Soil may be stabilized by the addition of lime or cement, and may be compacted . Adobe or mud-brick buildings are built around the world and include houses, .. machines can be a cost-effective solution for making uniform building blocks, ... Aerial photography in Europe has revealed traces of earth fortifications from the.
Arching - Fracture processes around a mine opening, leading to stabilization by an . Barrier pillars are solid blocks of coal left between two mines or sections of a mine . Thus, as the machine boom moves, the bridge conveyor keeps it in constant ... Fault - A slip-surface between two portions of the earth's surface that have.
A 10 km line fed the Lota coal mines and the railway extracting minerals 12 km ... are the fundamental building blocks of virtually all electronic equipment. . meteorological satellite, to capture and transmit video images of the Earth's weather patterns. . autopilot, rate stabilization and control, and fly-by-wire (FBW) systems.


You are here: Home > Blog > Dr Chris Ridgway > Remembering VE Day: The 75th Anniversary
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Remembering VE Day: The 75th Anniversary
Chris Ridgway
By Dr Chris Ridgway // Thu 7th May 2020
Curatorial, History, Collection, Estate
On VE Day, 8th May 1945, Castle Howard, like countless homes, places emerged from six long years of conflict. During these years the building had been ravaged by fire, the Howards had suffered family bereavements, and the house was occupied by a girls school that had been evacuated from the East Coast. But today, on the 75th Anniversary of VE Day, we are reminded that this time of tragedy sparked the dawn of a new era for the Estate, led by two surviving siblings, Christian and George Howard. This new generation of the Howard Family would fight to save the House and Gardens, allowing it to be enjoyed by people from across the world to this day.
VE day in 1945 was met with euphoria, relief, and a sense of exhaustion, but there was also a feeling of unfinished business; the conflict in Europe might have ended but fighting continued in the Far East against Japan.
The war itself had little direct impact on Castle Howard, although in 1942 a German bomber had crashed nearby at Coneysthorpe crossroads just to the north of the Great Lake. The wounded pilot crawled from the wreckage to a nearby anti-aircraft gun emplacement and the local Home Guard rescued the other crew-members from the wreckage. In his memoir pilot Karl-Heinz Muhlen remembered how he had held a halting conversation in English with his captors who were keen to know what life was like in Germany.
In May 1945 the girls of Queen Margaret's School celebrated the defeat of Nazi Germany with a service of thanksgiving, a dance in the Long Gallery, and at dusk a huge bonfire in Ray Wood where an effigy of Hitler was burnt. The following day they went back to their classes; for staff and pupils teaching and learning carried on in wartime or peacetime regardless.
For Christian Howard, who had kept eye on the house and the estate during the war years, her joy was tempered with sorrow and anxiety. As well as friends and relatives who had been wounded, captured, or killed, two of her younger brothers had died in 1944: Mark in Normandy shortly after the landings in June, and Christopher a few months later in October, killed whilst piloting his Lancaster in an operation with Bomber Command. Christopher was shot down making a second attempt on the target the Kembs Dam; he was a courageous pilot and his commanding officer had praised him on an earlier mission when he had refused to release his bomb load because he was not satisfied that the aim was accurate enough. Initially he was listed as missing until his death was confirmed at the end of the year.


text:
Visitors to Ohio Memory and the Ohio History Center alike have probably heard that 2012 is a big year for Columbus–it's our 200th birthday! The Columbus bicentennial is a major milestone for Ohio's capital city, marking two centuries of growth since its founding in 1812. Over the coming weeks, the Ohio Memory news feed will be taking a look back at some Columbus landmarks as they were at different points in our history–and what better place to start than with the Ohio Historical Society's own illustrious past?
Those of you familiar with the Ohio State University campus might recognize the adjacent photograph (taken in 1931) as Sullivant Hall, located at 1813 North High Street. But what you might not know is that this building was the original home to the Ohio Historical Society, then known as the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society. Completed in December of 1913, the building served as the museum and library for the OAHS starting just three months later, before all of its collections were even in place!
The building was officially dedicated on Memorial Day of 1914, and housed OHS until the society relocated to its current site near the fairgrounds in 1970. The building features a limestone exterior, Ionic columns, Tiffany bronze doors, and a beautiful domed vestibule with marble stairways. Now part of the Ohio State University campus, it is currently undergoing updates to become LEED certified and ADA compliant, and upon reopening, will house the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library, the Departments of Dance and Art Education, and increased classroom space.
The current Ohio History Center location that we all know and love, seen in the adjacent photograph under construction in 1969, opened to the public on August 23, 1970. That means our building has been a part of Columbus' landscape for almost a quarter of the city's history! Built in the Brutalist style, this architectural landmark is one of the most recognizable sights in Columbus. Brutalism refers to a rational, structuralist and monumental building style that was exported by British and French architects in the early 1950s. Thanks to its use of this unique architectural style, the Center was described by the American Institute of Architects upon its construction as a "bold, imaginative, almost startling structure"–we certainly like to think so!
Stay tuned for more posts on Columbus landmarks throughout the city's past. To see more images like these, visit OhioMemory.org and as always, we invite you to stop by the Ohio History Center to see what's new and to explore Ohio history for yourself!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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For those obsessed with experts, Uncyclopedia has an article about: Barney.
edit Noun
Barney (plural Barneys)
 1. A harmless yet contagious purple lump which may attach itself to children.
 2. An individual who goes around spotting Barns and making notes about them.
 3. An affliction to the knee caused by sitting too close to the bar.
 4. The most recent barn management aplication for the iPhone.
edit Adjective
 1. similar in nature to a barn, usually used to describe a barn
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text:
" The Sloan Consortium (Sloan-C) initiative that came to the aid of the 2005 hurricane-affected higher education students — called the "Sloan Semester" — is an excellent case in point to understand how higher education can possibly react to disaster in the future. By taking a close look at what actually happened during the Sloan Semester, and at the lessons learned, the higher education distance learning community can gain insight into the necessary steps to take in order to keep students actively engaged in their educational pursuits when and if the next disaster hits.
From an historical perspective concerning higher education disaster preparedness plans, in general, Ray Schroeder, director of the Office of Technology-Enhanced Learning at the University of Illinois at Springfield, and an active member of Sloan-C, had created a disaster preparedness plan for the University of Illinois system in 2004. In that plan, Schroeder noted that a disasterrelated business-continuation plan with distance education components was not without precedent. In 2003, for instance, the University of Hong Kong shifted to distance learning solutions to keep its university community active when the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome epidemic temporarily closed it down."
From the Sloan Semester Special Report (PDF) by Sloan-C.
- Sloan Semester Archives
- Press Release – Free Online College Courses for Students Displaced by Hurricane Katrina
- Press Release – A Thousand Free Online Courses Now Available for Students Whose Studies Have Been Interrupted by Hurricane Katrina
- Press Release – Online Learning in an Emergency: Delivering the Curriculum When the Campus Is Closed

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


This paper presents the direct three-dimensional (3D) fabrication of polymer scaffolds with sub-10 µm structures using electrohydrodynamic jet (EHD-jet) plotting of melted thermoplastic polymers. Traditional extrusion-based fabrication approaches of 3D periodic porous structures are very limited in their resolution, due to the excessive pressure requirement for extruding highly viscous thermoplastic polymers. EHD-jet printing has become a high-resolution alternative to other forms of nozzle deposition-based fabrication approaches by generating micro-scale liquid droplets or a fine jet through the application of a large electrical voltage between the nozzle and the substrate. In this study, we successfully apply EHD-jet plotting technology with melted biodegradable polymer (polycaprolactone, or PCL) for the fabrication of 2D patterns and 3D periodic porous scaffold structures in potential tissue engineering applications. Process conditions (e.g. electrical voltage, pressure, plotting speed) have been thoroughly investigated to achieve reliable jet printing of fine filaments. We have demonstrated for the first time that the EHD-jet plotting process is capable of the fabrication of 3D periodic structures with sub-10 µm resolution, which has great potential in advanced biomedical applications, such as cell alignment and guidance.


text:
A new optical device developed at Sandia National Laboratories can quantify the formation of soot. An optical setup developed by researchers at Sandia's Combustion Research Facility and the Technical University of Denmark identifies the particulate matter as a function of time and space for a variety of combustion processes. Researchers hope the technology will aid in meeting future particulate matter emissions mandates without sacrificing fuel savings. "Engine developers can use this information to validate computer models and design advanced engine combustion strategies that will improve fuel economy for consumers while also lowering tailpipe pollutant emissions," said Sandia researcher Scott Skeen. The work was published in an Applied Optics paper titled, "Diffuse back-illumination setup for high temporally resolved extinction imaging." Authors included Fredrik Westlye and Anders Ivarsson from the Technical University of Denmark and Sandia researchers Keith Penney, Lyle Pickett and Skeen and former Sandia researcher Julien Manin. The work was funded by DOE's Vehicle Technologies Office.
Imaging technology could reduce GHG emissions


Exploring Social Psychology
Exploring Social Psychology
Author: David Myers
ISBN 13: 9780073370644
ISBN 10: 73370649
Edition: 5
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
Publication Date: 2008-10-28
Format: Paperback
Pages: 560
List Price: N/A
This brief, modular introduction to social psychology offers streamlined focus on issues such as belief and illusion, prejudice and diversity, and love and hate. The brevity of each of the book's 31 stand-alone modules makes this the perfect text for covering the core concepts in the field. By introducing social psychology in an essay format and by writing in a voice that is both solidly scientific and warmly human, Exploring Social Psychology is able to reveal social psychology as an investigative reporter might, by providing a current summary of important social phenomena, by showing how social psychologists uncover and explain such phenomena, and by reflecting on their human significance. The new edition includes discussion of the Hurricane Katrina aftermath as an illustration of hindsight bias and availability heuristic, the Iraq War and belief perseverance, and terrorism and group polarization.


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C++ Math tan()
The function finds the tangent of an angle specified in terms of radian.
Syntax
Consider a radian 'x'. Syntax would be:
Note: If the value passed is an integral type, then it is cast to double.
Parameter
x: The value given in radian.
Return value
It returns the tangent of an angle given in radian.
Example 1
Let's see the simple example when the value of x is positive.
Output:
Tangent of an angle is : 0.176236
In this example, tan() function calculates the tangent of an angle when the value of degree is equal to 10.
Example 2
Let's see the simple example when the value of degree is negative.
Output:
Tangent of an angle is :-1.72993
In this example, tan() function calculates the tangent of an angle when the value of degree is negative i.e -60.
Next TopicC++ Math Functions
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text: Gene reporters can be used to track viable cells in vivo and their patterns of gene expression. There have been numerous attempts to develop gene reporters for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but these give only modest image contrast and often this is negative, which can be difficult to detect. Kevin Brindle and collaborators have developed a dual-imaging modality reporter that gives intense and positive contrast in magnetic resonance images (up to eight-fold increase in signal), which can also be used with radionuclide imaging. This allows the combination of the sensitivity of radionuclide imaging with the spatial resolution of MRI. The contrast obtained is directly related to the degree of gene expression and is readily reversible, thus allowing longitudinal studies of changes in expression. The work has been published in PNAS.


#1:
Check if the number 298 is divisible by 2.
Solution:
The given number is 288
According to the divisible rule of 2, if the last digit of 288 is a multiple of 2, then 288 is divisible by 2.
The last digit of the given number is 8, which is divisible by 2, such that:
8/2 = 4
Therefore, 288 is followed by the divisibility rule for 2.
Example #2:
Check if 185 is divisible by 4 or not.
Solution:
Since the last digit of 185 is 5, which is not divisible by 4.
Therefore, 185 is not divisible by 4.
How Does the Divisible Calculator Work?
This online divisible calculator is a fast and reliable way to perform calculations in a couple of steps. Just enter the following input parameters to obtain the result easily and quickly.
Input:
 - Firstly, enter the divisor number
 - Then, enter the dividend number
 - Finally, click on the "Calculate" button
Output:
This divisibility calculator determines the following results:
 - The given number is divisible or not with a complete solution
 - Quotient and remainder with respect to divisor and dividend
FAQ's:
What is meant by divisibility rules?
An easy way to determine whether the given number is divided by a fixed divisor without performing the division process.
Is 18 divisible by 3?
Yes, since 18 is a multiple of 3, therefore 18 is divisible by 3. The number 18 is also a multiple of other numbers i.e., 2, 6, and 9
Is 6 divisible by 4?
No, 6 is not a divisor of 4, that's why we can say that 6 is not divisible by 4. You can also check it by using our best divisible calculator.
Conclusion:
Generally, a divisibility rule is a simple and useful way to determine whether a given integer is divisible by a fixed divisor or not without performing actual division by examining its digits. Moreover, you can make such calculations by using our online divisible calculator.
References:
From the source of Wikipedia: Divisibility rule, Divisibility rules for numbers,
From the source of Khan academy: Divisibility tests for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10


text:
You can clean by yourself your butcher block table tops, of course it will be very important to do because it is helpful very much adding nicer look in your room. Monetarily fabricated butcher block was presented in the 1880s as a sterile option to the conventional utilization of blocks slice from trees on which to cut meats. Hard maple turned into a favored surface for its strength and tight wood grains. Modern butcher block table tops is solid and alright for nourishment readiness and is accessible in sizes from little slicing sheets to full-kitchen table tops.
1. Purge butcher block table tops completely with dish-washing cleanser and water after each one utilization. Wood assimilates nourishment smells, oils and microbes from crude meat making it basic to legitimately clean.
2. Blend a gentle arrangement of 1 tbsp. fade into 1 gallon of warm water. Wash the table top with a clean wipe, flush, then wipe dry to further scrub microscopic organisms.
3. Stains butcher block table top with lemon juice. Flush and wipe dry.
4. Shake salt onto adamant stains and after that rub with the cut edge of a large portion of a lemon. For harder stains, attempt 3-percent hydrogen peroxide blended with water. Wash altogether and wipe dry.
5. Scratch the butcher block table tops each one night with a metal spatula or scrubber to evacuate waiting smells or stains.


text:
James H. Irwin
Elec. and Comput., Eng. and Technol. Dept., Bradley Univ., Peoria, IL 61625
James W. Beauchamp
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
A difference equation derived from a physical model of a stiff membrane is used to simulate the acoustic signal produced by a drum head. The physical model was extended beyond the classical model by the inclusion of terms which represent viscous damping, air loading, and time-varying tension. Fixed phase vocoder and tracking spectral analysis show that the simulated sound contains correct theoretical frequencies when the damping and stiffness are set to zero. As stiffness is increased, the partial frequencies increase as predicted by plate theory. Simulations of zero (vacuum) and typical air loads show no significant changes. As a means of corroboration, measurements were made on an actual drum head mounted in a vacuum chamber. The drum signal was generated by striking the drumhead with a plastic tip mounted on a solenoid core and measured with an accelerometer mounted upon the drumhead. Spectral analysis results for this signal are qualitatively similar to the simulation measurements although they differ in some details.


text: "We Are All Bound Up Together" is the stand alone interlude from Lifting As We Climb, a 30 minute choral narrative scored for women's choir, speakers (6) piano, drum kit and alto sax. Suffragists come to life and previously hidden voices of African American women fighting for the vote are heard. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper was one such black suffragist. "We Are All Bound Up Together" Harper gave a powerful speech at a National Women's Rights convention in 1866, which is the source of the lyric. The context of her remarks was the post Civil War fracturing of the women's suffrage movement over the 15th Amendment which granted black men access to the elective franchise— before white women. Lifting As We Climb looks back in time, but it also explores the present day and anticipates a future that will require a diligent, informed public ready to fight for equality, democracy and the right to vote.


What is octal latch? - Definition from WhatIs.com
Part of the Microprocessors glossary:
An octal latch is an integrated circuit (IC) that contains eight binary digital circuits called latches. A latch is a form of sequential logic circuit.
A simple latch has two stable logic states. The latch maintains its states indefinitely until an input pulse called a trigger is received. If a trigger is received, the latch outputs change states according to defined rules, and remain in those states until another trigger is received. Latches can be interconnected to form more sophisticated circuits that function in memory chips and microprocessors.
An octal latch can hold onto the data at its inputs before transmitting the data to its outputs. This ability is useful in applications where a number of devices share a single data bus, because it allows the processor to store data, go onto other operations that require the bus, and return to the stored data later if the need arises.
A common example of an octal latch is the Fairchild LVX573, an advanced high speed CMOS IC with eight three-state outputs. When the output enable input is high, the eight outputs are in a high-impedance condition.
This was last updated in October 2012
Contributor(s): Stan Gibilisco
Posted by: Margaret Rouse
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 - A processor register is one of a small set of data holding places that are part of a processor, or CPU, in a computer. (WhatIs.com)
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 - A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer. (WhatIs.com)
 - biomimetics (biomimicry)
 - Biomimetic refers to human-made processes, substances, devices, or systems that imitate nature. Biomimetic technologies are also known as biomimicry: mimicry of biological systems. (WhatIs.com)
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JLARC releases guidance for drafting tax preference performance statements
January 3, 2014
Last year the Legislature passed a requirement for bills creating or expanding tax preferences to include a performance statement to identify the expected outcome for the policy change. We were very happy to work with Rep. Carlyle, Chair of the House Finance Committee, on this concept.
The Legislature also directed the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee (JLARC) to develop guidance on how these tax preference performance statements should be drafted. The JLARC report is now available. Among JLARC's recommendations:
A clear statement by policy makers of the public policy purpose of a preference is key to effective performance evaluation. The first and necessary step is for policy makers to state the public policy purpose and how the tax preference is intended to achieve it. To accomplish this, the Legislative Auditor recommends using the concept of a logic chain before drafting a performance statement for a particular tax preference.
How would a logic chain work?
The Legislative Auditor recommends the following steps to construct a tax preference performance statement from a conceptual logic chain:
1. Identify the ultimate policy purpose for the tax preference
2. Develop a logic chain for the tax preference that identifies the sequence of steps that logically link the tax preference to its ultimate policy purpose
3. Populate relevant steps in the logic chain with specific data measures and assumptions
a. What type of data is necessary for each relevant step?
b. What is the assumed measurement or condition for that step?
4. Identify what specific measures should be used to determine whether the preference is effective
a. What will policy makers expect up-front for determining success?
b. Is the measure related to the ultimate policy purpose, an intermediary step in the logic chain, or some other condition?
c. What is the specific target that must be achieved by that step (or other condition)?
5. Identify what specific data should be used to measure those targets
a. What type of data will be required?
b. Is the data currently available, or does the Legislature need to establish new data collection requirements?
JLARC will hold a public hearing January 7 at 10 a.m. to discuss these recommendations.
The ultimate goal for lawmakers should be that the state's tax system reflects sound principles of taxation based on the maxim "a fair field and no favors." That is, Washington should have a fair tax code with a broad base, low tax rates and very few exceptions. However, if tax preferences are to be used, they should specify the Legislature's explicit intent and have measurable performance goals. It is encouraging to see the new policy for tax preference performance statements put into practice.


text: The 17 January 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake is a typical example showing that the ground motions along basin-edge faults can be very destructive. In this study, we simulate the near-fault ground motion from this earthquake based on a kinematic fault model and a simplified 3D velocity structure of the Kobe area. The kinematic earthquake rupture and the wave propagation are modeled using a 3D finite-difference method (FDM). Our simulation identifies the basin-edge effect as an important factor that influenced the ground-motion amplification pattern in the Kobe area. We found that the coupling of the source directivity and basin-edge effects causes impulsive ground motions with extremely high amplitude at periods greater than 1 sec and in a narrow zone offset less than 1 km from the basin edge. The combination of these effects acted to create a fairly continuous band of amplification that extends about 30 km in an elongated zone parallel to the basin-edge boundary. In some areas, localized site effects might have been as important as the abovementioned effects, but they cannot explain the continuity of the extended east-west zone of damage.


"Sin" vs. "Offense"
There is a difference between a "sin" (adharma or pāpa) and a "hatred" (a.k.a "offense" – aparādhā). "Hatred" is "sin" but not all "sin" is "hatred." "Hatred" is a special subset of "sin" – it is the worst type. It is so bad that it is considered in a separate category.
A "sin" is simply failure to fulfill our duty, responsibility and function. A father, for example, sins if he cannot provide physical and mental security for his family. The acts he does which contribute to this failure are also "sins."
A "hatred" (aparādhā) is an intentional hurt or slander against a person who deserves to be respected or loved. Sin can happen by mistake or out of weakness, but hatred (aparādhā) is willful and intentional by definition.
One example of aparādhā: The teacher comes into the room, and the student refuses to stand. Another example: A father yelling at his daughter for wanting his attention and affection
An aparādhā is not a mistake, it is intentional. Because aparādhā are intentional, they are worse than ordinary "sin."
A student who didn't know he was supposed to stand when the teacher entered the room isn't so much an aparādhī as a mild pāpī. A father who unintentionally fails in his relationship with his daughter is again more a pāpī than an aparādhī.
It is far worse to be an aparādhī than to be a pāpī. In Gītā, Krishna says that the worst type of sin is kāma – selfish desire. This is because kāma is the root of aparādhā. When we want things for ourself (kāma), we will inevitably hate (aparādhā) those who frustrate our desires.
We have wasted a lot of our time and breath criticizing "materialistic people" for their "sins" but we are far, far worse than they are because of our aparādhā against the most lovable entity, Krishna. We know that we should be attentive and affectionate towards Krishna's name, image, wisdom (the Veda) and to those who teach and exemplify it (the gurus and sādhus), but we continue to refuse to make that effort.
Our lack of progress in bhakti-yoga is due to aparādhā, but aparādhā is based on our failure to develop proper comprehension of the goal (prayojana), the process (adhideya), and the components of reality (sambandha). The tendency for hatred goes away the more deeply we comprehend our relationship to other people and reality as a whole – i.e. the more deeply we understand sambandha-jñāna. So the best cure for the worst evil is careful study of śāstra under the guidance of a guru who deeply understands them.
– Vraja Kishor dās
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 1. One time long long ago in a bhagavatam lecture I remember the speaker discussing a difference between "kama" and "kam" and explaining that kam is strictly lust, where as kama is a more neutral term and designates desire in a more general sense. I'm paraphrasing what I remember + my memory is not too good-maybe I'm entirely mistaken.
 Any thoughts on this? And of course there is kama sutra. Im not very scholarly but I always thought that was sort of meant as an allowance to people in general for accomodating human desires while living God-centered lives.
 I was a little confused with your use of the word kama, but I emphasize I am not challenging you as I no very little myself. I'm just confused.
 1. Kāma is the correct pronunciation. Kām is the vernacular pronunciation. They are not two different words.
 Kāma sūtra is the summary of all Vedic instruction on how to enjoy pleasures. It is compiled by the sage Vatsāyana. It is mastered by Kāmadeva and Rati, but Kāmadeva and Rati cannot comprehend the mastery of Krishna and Rādhā of these sūtras.
 Kāma-sūtra is meant to help people enjoy their senses. There is nothing wrong with enjoying the senses in the ways described there – which are healthy, moderate, and not to the exclusion of the more evolved goals of life, including liberation.
 Kāma is "pleasure." Kāma can be called lust, but it is not only sexual lust, therefore the word lust can be misleading as nowadays most people only think of the sexual connotation. The desire for enjoyment is self-centeredness. So self-centered desire or "selfishness" is how I prefer to translate and explain kāma.
 1. A good approach is to deduce.
 Kandarpa. God of Love {pritideva}[spiritual world] (purity is essential)
 Kamadeva. God of Lust {kamadeva}
 [material world] (pleasure is all encompassing)
 Same being, two different worlds. I know; I yearn for pleasure in this world and prayer to enhance my future in the next world.
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Study on near-far ultraviolet imaging spectrometer with high resolution
A near-far ultraviolet imaging spectrometer with high resolution is developed，which can be applied to the upper atmosphere observation in 115nm-295nm. The application demands of the corresponding remote sensing are analyzed. Because the imaging spectrum technology has been rarely utilized for the ionosphere observation in our country, we study some foreign advanced loads to apply the standard to our design. According to the analysis, the optical system of the imaging spectrometer is designed. The system includes an off-axis parabolic mirror as the telescope and Czerny-Turner structure as the imaging spectrum system. The photon counting detector is adopted to satisfy the observation for that the radiation is weak in near-far ultraviolet waveband. The receiving surface of the detector should be coated by different photocathode for better quantum efficiency in the near and far ultraviolet wavebands. The traditional Czerny-Turner system is not suit for the broadband imaging spectrometer because aberrations in the structure can\textquoterightt be corrected homogeneously. The geometric analysis and 1st order differential calculation method are introduced to improve disadvantages based on the aberration theory. We designed an example for the advanced imaging spectrometer. The results demonstrate that the modulation transfer function (MTF) in total field of view and the waveband is more than 0.6. The design has high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution. It certificates that the design theory can be applied to the near-far ultraviolet imaging spectrometer especial for upper atmosphere observation. \textcopyright (2013) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
|Year of Publication


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NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Saturday, May 25, 2013
Bullae in Both Lungs
My 6 year old son was seen in the ER for viral symptoms and a CT was ordered to rule out an appendix problem and was diagnosed with bullae bilaterally in the bases of the lungs. He is active and has never had shortness of breath. What is the prognosis for some one so young diagnosed with this?
Bullae at the bases of both lungs are quite unusual in a healthy 6- year-old with no previous history of pneumonia. It is difficult to say what this might mean without seeing the films. I do know that 6- year-olds are often not good at holding their breath while going through a CT scanner. If they are breathing as the scan of the lungs is done, the lung tissue can look abnormal. This might be contributing to what is being seen on the CT of his abdomen.I would recommend getting copies of the films (usually provided on CD) and taking them with you to an appointment with a pediatric pulmonologist. They, and their "go-to" pediatric chest radiologist, can look at the films and decide if the finding is "artifact" (blurring) or significant. Either way, if not done yet, a CT of his entire chest will likely be ordered in order to clarify matters. They will also see if your son can do some breathing tests to help determine how well his lungs are functioning.
Elizabeth D Allen, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics
College of Medicine
The Ohio State University


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Zoom into a Report
The zooming functionality is available for the NetFlow Auditor charting applet. Users can zoom into all bar, line and area charts.
You can zoom into a report to reveal more intricate details.
Note: By default (except in the case of a baseline report) the grid will update as you select a time area. To "float" through the graph data without the grid updating, click "Chart tab" and disable the "Zoom Option".
To zoom down into a report:Step 1:
Generate a report. Following is an example of a weekly baseline report.Step 2:
For line charts focus choose zoom mode (
). Zoom mode is a toggle option of Drag mode click on drag mode (
) to change to zoom mode.Step 3:
Drag the mouse to select an area within the graph into which you wish to drill down. Step 4:
A new graph is displayed elaborating only the selected area with greater detail.Step 5:
Repeat Step 2, as many times as you want.


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This machine is used for opening raw fibre bales. The main characteristics of the Cretes pre-opener are the high capacities that can be achieved and the robust design.
The machine opens the material in a rough way and this to make it lighter for downstream processes.
Its capacity is 3 to 9 tons/h (with a material density of 150 kg/m³) depending on the density and condition of the straw to process. The ideal straw length ranges from an average of 400mm to 600mm. Longer fibres must be cut beforehand, for example with a HAK guillotine cutter.
The straw to be treated (in bales or as bulk) is brought to the infeed conveyor by means of a storage conveyor. The material is opened between two rotating drums equipped with spikes. The lower drive drum spreads the material and the distributor drum on top opens or slows down the straw. Both drums can be equipped with different types of spikes.
Over 100 years
Company of the


. We have defined the constructor as private, defined all the instance and methods using the static keyword as shown in the below code snippet figure 'Singleton in action'. The static keyword ensures that you only one instance of the object is created and you can all the methods of the class with out creating the object. As we have made the constructor private, we need to call the class directly.
Singletoninaction.jpg
Figure 24. Singleton in action
Note : In JAVA to create singleton classes we use the STATIC keyword , so its same as in C#. You can get a sample C# code for singleton in the 'singleton' folder.
Can you explain command patterns?
Command pattern allows a request to exist as an object. Ok let's understand what it means. Consider the figure 'Menu and Commands' we have different actions depending on which menu is clicked. So depending on which menu is clicked we have passed a string which will have the action text in the action string. Depending on the action string we will execute the action. The bad thing about the code is it has lot of 'IF' condition which makes the coding more cryptic.
MenuandCommands.jpg
Figure 25. Menu and Commands
Command pattern moves the above action in to objects. These objects when executed actually execute the command.
As said previously every command is an object. We first prepare individual classes for every action i.e. exit, open, file and print. Al l the above actions are wrapped in to classes like Exit action is wrapped in 'clsExecuteExit' , open action is wrapped in 'clsExecuteOpen', print action is wrapped in 'clsExecutePrint' and so on. All these classes are inherited from a common interface 'IExecute'.
ObjectsandCommand.jpg
Figure 26. Objects and Command
Using all the action classes we can now make the invoker. The main work of invoker is to map the action with the classes which have the action.
So we have added all the actions in one collection i.e. the arraylist. We have exposed a method 'getCommand' which takes a string and gives back the abstract object 'IExecute'. The client code is now neat and clean. All the 'IF' conditions are now moved to the 'clsInvoker' class.
Invokerandthecleanclient.jpg
Figure 27. Invoker and the clean client
COMMENT USING
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Dear Community member, welcome to the GXquery 4.0 Lab. By doing these five exercises you will get a broad overview of the GXquery capabilities in just 30 minutes.
There are two options to do the Lab. Doing it on a Sandbox Instance or doing it using your on premise instance. The first one just requires a Browser. The second, needs preparation: some GeneXus' skills to prepare the Metadata and a local instance of GXquery.
1. Using the Sandbox.
2. In your own PC (for this option, take into account the following instructions):
The first GXquery screen is for identification, and you must enter the user name and password (of the user defined as the site's web administrator) to access the application. Then, press the Sign in button.
Credentials following option 1:
Credentials following option 2:
Like any other designer, GXquery contains regions (or components) that are constantly being accessed by users while creating their queries.
The following image highlights the components that will be used later in the exercises.
The first one on the left is the Shortcuts component. The second one is the tool component. The third one, on the right, it the attribute zone, which is the source of information for building queries. Lastly, in the center, we can see the query design component.
Now, enjoy the exercises.


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Mid Term Review
On-chip generation and characterization of entangled photons
Integrated quantum photonic circuits provide a potential platform for scalable quantum technologies with important applications to quantum information processing, communication and imaging. We develop novel integrated photonic structures for the generation entangled photons and the characterization of their quantum state. We present a method for the generation of entangled photon-pairs with all-optical reconfigurability of pair's wavefunction. This is based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion in coupled waveguide arrays with special domain poling patterns in each waveguide. We also show how this system can allow the production of highly entangled cluster states for measurement based quantum computation. Finally we present a simple 'one-shot' method for characterising the density matrix of a quantum state. Typically quantum state tomography requires a large number of different transformations to be applied to a state, and statistics are accumulated after every unitary. Our method requires just a single static unitary transformation followed by correlation measurements.


text:
Purpose: Currently, development of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) after surgery is frequently being followed by legal action in Korea, as consequences may be fatal. In the current study, we assessed possible countermeasures that medical teams can take when faced with conflicting opinions on responsibility for PTE. Methods: A retrospective analysis of claims handled by the Supreme Court and subordinate courts, from 1999 to 2015, was performed. We analyzed the type of procedure, associated complications, and critical legal points from the recorded judgments along with any liability limitations on surgeons. Results: After reviewing cases between 1999 and 2015, a total of 18 cases were analyzed. There were no cases in which the surgeon was held accountable between 1999 and 2002. From 2003, there were instances of the surgeon being held account able, with a peak of cases in 2013. Legal standards applied in judicial decision-making related to appropriate use of preventive measures, operation characteristics, doctor's reaction towards symptom occurrence, obligation of postoperative medical care, and duty of explanation. Conclusion: The courts in Korea have changed their position from one of denying doctors' liability to one of enforcing responsibility for PTE. Surgeons are therefore being held responsible with greater frequency, depending on the details of the case. Lessons can be learnt from precedents that can be incorporated into medical education and training programs with the aim of reducing both major PTE complication rates and litigation costs.
- Pulmonary embolism


Record-holder Dheeraj is a walking encyclopedia on famed elephants in Kerala
Dheeraj S Nair
Dheeraj S Nair
Kumaranelloor: Meet Dheeraj S Nair who recently entered the India Book of Records for his exceptional knowledge about elephants.
In just 2 minutes and 58 seconds this Kindergarten student can recite the names of 109 elephants in Kerala. He learned about elephants from his grand-uncle, PN Sreekumar who was the Administrative Officer of the Devaswom Board. Dheeraj can also understand the body language of elephants, the name of the mascots as well as the ones who recently died.
Moreover, Dheeraj knows everything from the eye colour of a particular elephant, the length of its trunk, the ones who have the maximum number of nails and why they are considered great, the number of elephants at the Guruvayoor Devaswom, the significance of Guruvayoor Kesavan to Malayalam films, and also about the elephant owners.
Dheeraj will instantly tell you that the heaviest Asian Elephant is Guruvayoor Nandan who weighs 7,500 kg. Of course at times his mom, Divya Nair helps in recalling some of these answers. Dheeraj plans to buy an elephant when he grows up.
Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan, MLA, congratulated him. NSS local union administrators and elephant owners once came home with bouquets.


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A concrete block shed is sturdy and durable and allows more insulation of walls with wooden frame. It is also the most expensive and most difficult to build. Must be set on a solid base, typically a concrete slab. You can install the blocks with mortar joints to keep them together or "dry-stacked", put in place without mortar, and then fixed with a cement bond surface. In both cases the technique needs a bit of reinforcing steel through holes in the blocks, which then fills with a cement grout.
Here Best How To Build a Concrete Block Garden Shed
1. Design shed the size of blocks, which are about 8-by-8-by-16 inches; 7 5/8 blocks are actually from 7 5/8 to 15 5/8, to allow for mortar joints half an inch. Locate a site shed in a flat area with good drainage and lay blocks to test the size. Set a base layer on the ground. Lay a second with 4-inch corner block extends outside the corner block of the first course. This staggers the public spaces and the two corner blocks: the second is placed on top of the first shapes so that a shape upside down L is the outer perimeter. Half a block fits into this corner to fill the space L. place blocks side by side for a dry stacked, half an inch apart for mortar joints. Measures that outline with a tape measure.
2. Stake out the area shed, once you've figured out the size, with stakes in the corners and mason's twine between the posts. Measure this diagram diagonally to get square corners; adjust the Poles until both diagonals are equal.
3. A dig with a shovel by 8 inches wide and 16 inches deep around the perimeter. Put 8 inches of gravel in the trench and compact with a hand tamper. Dig out the inside of the area 8 inches deep and 4 inches fixed shed gravel compacted; This will make a base of gravel with the outer edges 4 inches deeper than the interior.
4. Forms 1-by-8-inch build lumber to fit the contour of the shed. Episode 2-by-4 posts forms-inch hammered into the ground outside and against the forms containing the shapes in an upright position when concrete is poured. 18 to 24-inch pile each with dual stakes at the corners and edges of the nails along the corners with a hammer and nails. Test the form with diagonal measurements to Square it. Put a long Board with one layer on it from side to side and end of fine and smooth shapes to get the top level,
5. Pour concrete shapes. Fill the trench outside first to the top of the gravel base inside, then fill the rest of the form. Rake the concrete in all parts of the form. Drag a long Board across the tops of shapes to level the concrete. Ends with trowel from Mason once water bubbles start appearing on the surface. Cover the concrete with plastic and let it cure at least one week.
6. Aim of transmission at the corners and run a string with a line level to make a line drive straight and level. Lay the first course of blocks in a bed of mortar on top of the concrete foundation. Mortar joint mortar block ends and set the ends tightly together for dry-stacking. Add the courses to the height desired, sprinkle 10 courses for an 8 foot wall. Check each course with a level, both horizontally and vertically Plumb.
7. Leave an opening for a door while working. Use half blocks or blocks cut in two with a masonry saw to shape the sides of this door frame. Lay a steel lintel at the top of the opening, secure it in mortar joints on both sides and then roll out additional locks above the lintel at the height of the wall.
8. Cover both sides of a drywall-stack with about an inch of surface bonding cement, spread over the face with a spatula. Add reinforcing steel bars for both types of wall, through holes in the blocks, around every corner and at least every 2 feet along the wall. Fill the cavities around those bars with cement mortar, poured into the holes. Long screws set upright in stucco which with the wires at the top to fasten boards cap wall.
9. Let the walls carefully for a week and then place two 8-inch cap over the tops using the nuts and bolts for fixing through holes in the matching wood. Building a roof frame with girders or trusses, fixed to the wall cap. Deck the roof with oriented strand board (OSB) and cover with roofing paper and shingles. Making a frame of the approximate port nailing 2-by-8s to the frame of the door block with concrete nails by 4 inches. Install a prehung staring at the door frame with screws to the raw frame.
Tips & Warnings
Make final corners with special blocks, which are solid and not indented on one side, then wall surfaces will still be clear for the corners.


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The 1997 Chrysler Town and Country Speed Control System is electronically controlled and vacuum operated. The electronic control is integrated into the powertrain control module, located next to battery. The controls are located on the steering wheel and consist of the ON/OFF, SET, RESUME/ACCEL, CANCEL and DECEL buttons.
Archives for Chrysler
Below schematic shows the 2002 Chrysler PT Cruiser Radio Circuit and Wiring Diagram. Herein you will find detailed description of each parts of the radio components system wiring interconnection.
The 2004 Chrysler Pasifica consists of parts such as integrated power module, body control module, power liftgate module, and liftgate pinch sensor. The following schematic illustrates the 2004 Chrysler Pasifica Liftgate Release Circuit and Wiring.
The 2004 Chrysler Pasifica 2004 Chrysler Pacifica AC Circuit and Wiring System consists of Integrated Power Module, AC Compressor Clutch, AC Pressure Transducer, Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor, Powertrain Control Module.
The following link provides detailed schematic of the 2001 Chrysler Voyager Wiring Diagram (engine performance circuit). The wiring diagram depicts the interconnection between electrical parts and components of the engine (e.g. ignition switch, intelligent power module, front control module, fuel pump relay, generator.
The following schematic shows the 2006 Chrysler 300 Instrument Panel Wiring Harness (click image to enlarge). It consists of: 1. Instrument Panel Wiring; 2. Radio Wiring.
The following schematic shows the 2000 Chrysler Sebring Spark Plugs Cables and Coil Diagram. 1. Cable Package, Ignition 2. Ignition Cable #1 – #6 3. Wiring Clip 4. Spark Plug
A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. Below picture shows a Chrysler | Force Voltage Regulator Wire Harness. This device has a force engines with 16 amp – 20 amp and charging system model years 1993 – present.
The 1997 Chrysler Town and Country Starting System consists of ignition switch, starter relay, powertrain control module (PCM) double start override, neutral starting and back up switch with automatic transmission only, wiring harness, battery, starter motor with integral solenoid, positive temperature coefficient (which is the circuit protection for the ignition feed to the starter relay coil. The PTC is located in the Junction Block).


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The debate over gender diversity making economic sense is "moving from the theoretical to the empirical", according to Julie Bech (pictured), portfolio manager within the diversified equity team at Nordea and responsible for its Global Gender Diversity strategy.
The $225m fund only invests in companies demonstrating sustainability and a high level of
gender diversity and equality in management, which Bech states will lead to equal opportunities throughout the organisation.
On International Women's Day, the portfolio manager shares with ESG Clarity what it is like to run a Global Gender Diversity strategy, various regions' and sectors' progress, engagement priorities and other positive trends.
What type of companies are you investing in for this fund? What are the key criteria?
When actively selecting investment opportunities, we look closely at gender diversity indicators. The level of diversity in higher leadership levels, promotion and career development opportunities, inclusion and the change in these gender diversity indicators are all considered to give us an indication of the level of diversity and inclusion (D&I) in the company, the areas it excels, and where it needs to step up. This information is also used in the engagement process.
The companies in our investment universe must all live up to a minimum threshold in relation to gender diversity. This threshold is based on gender diversity in higher leadership levels, as cultural change in an organisation needs commitment from the top. Breaking the glass ceiling and ensuring equal opportunities in top levels will benefit women throughout an organisation going forward.
The debate over the connection between gender equality and stock performance is rapidly moving from the theoretical to the empirical – as evidence mounts demonstrating gender diversity can indeed make economic sense.
See also: – Gender diversity progress on investment managers' exec committees flagging
How has gender diversity progressed in the different sectors you invest in?
The progress towards gender equality has historically been slow. Succeeding in gender equality requires, among others, changes in society norms and values, as well as in legislation. The obstacles are different from country to country and from industry to industry. That said, there are lots of things companies can do to speed up the process towards a more diverse and inclusive work culture.
Even though our aim is to be fairly region/sector neutral relative to the benchmark, we do have natural underweights, as it can be hard to find companies living up to our minimum standards in some areas. In Japan and emerging markets, many companies do not live up to our gender diversity standards. In terms of regions, our fund is overweight Europe and North America. In terms of sectors, we are overweight information technology and healthcare.
At stock level, many tech firms have come under scrutiny for gender discrimination, but Microsoft has been proactive to improve in this area over recent years. It continuously attracts the industry's best talent by offering a strong combination of pay and benefits, as well as professional development. Further, Microsoft is a solid performer in relation to privacy and data security and has also committed to becoming carbon negative in 2030.
How do you engage and support companies on improving gender diversity? What do they need the most help with?
Nordea is supporting companies to deliver real change through engagement with them. The ongoing dialogue us to put forward our expectations on corporate behaviour, and to support companies to enhance sustainability performance.
The investment team is supported by Nordea's broader responsible investments (RI) team, which engages with the companies held across all strategies. The RI team meets company management, and management visits are one of the several active ownership tools used in the engagement process. We also hold research meetings with other stakeholders to better understand a company's ESG performance.
As mentioned, the business case for gender diversity is now well-documented. It is generally perceived as a driver of corporate value creation and as a competitive advantage. Groups increasingly recognise gender diversity is a major aspect to consider in order to remain competitive.
What are your key themes and priorities for portfolio holdings over the coming year?
Groups in general still have work ahead in terms of D&I and there is also room for new investment opportunities to arise. Gender diversity is still very much a competitive parameter. There are great bottom-up investment opportunities in groups displaying a high level of gender diversity and equality, as well as those showing a positive trend in increasing and promoting gender diversity and equality.
Speaking more broadly, one of the most significant milestones recently was the creation and distribution of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs have already played a big role in empowering society to achieve a more sustainable world. Although environmental elements have attracted most of the attention, as our understanding of sustainability evolves, we expect more focus to be paid on the social SGDs – including SDG 5, Gender Equality.
See also: – PRI: Improving diversity can help address climate change


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Pile foundations have found themselves a staple of the construction industry because of their time saving nature. As the concrete has been cured before they are placed, they save the delays usually caused by otherwise waiting for concrete to cure before construction can continue. It should be noted that the opposite is true for bored piling, in which piles are installed by augaing into the ground to form a hole. Concrete is then poured into this hole and left to cure, casting the pile in that position.
Concrete piles are incredibly strong due to being reinforced with steel or rebar within the concrete.They are commonly used in New Zealand because of how common expansive clay soil is in the country. In New Zealand, a typical 180-200 square meter home's pile foundations cost (on a TC2 site) would be in the range of $10,000 to $15,000 dollars. The final price is dependent on what the engineer prescribes.
Unfortunately, one of the downsides of concrete piles is the effect it has on the environment. The production of cement and concrete is one of the highest producers of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. It causes damage to the planet's topsoil – the most fertile layer on the planet.
Thankfully, the new generation of foundations, known as RibRaft Xpod, are more convenient than traditional concrete piles, as well as using less cement and created using 80% recycled materials. It isn't often that you are given an option that is environmentally conscious whilst also being more convenient. Ribraft Xpod is made from pods that are clipped together atop a steel foundation. They are light and easy to move, in fact a 180-200m2 foundation can be delivered on the back of a single axle trailer…something that is definitely not possible with traditional concrete piles. To install a RibRaft Xpod foundation, all this is required is a level building platform 330mm deeper than the final foundation. Unlike traditional concrete pile foundations, a RibRaft foundation sits on top of the soil, not underneath it. This removed the need to dig deep into the ground, as well as no longer needing concrete piles to be staked into the ground. This saves cost in regards to labour, as well as reducing how much concrete is required to be poured over the foundation. All this while still being seismically strong on expansive clay soils. And if it ever needs to be removed, the Ribraft foundation is 100% recyclable.
While the materials for the RibRaft systems may be more expensive than traditional concrete piles, there are huge savings to be made in labour. From transport, to equipment, to man hours, the efficiency in which these modern foundations can be laid result in a significantly smaller amount of time to complete them.
The new generation of foundations are hard to fault. Given time, we are sure that these systems for building foundations will be the bench mark of the industry. Their superior installation process, environmentally conscious design, efficient and stable implementation forecast an exciting future for foundations. This is why Build2 has taken the time to be experts in the new wave of foundation systems. As concrete foundation specialists we see all the amazing opportunities that are opened by the Ribraft and Xpod systems. If you are looking to lay a new foundation for a construction project, let our experience and knowledge guide you to future proof your project. Get in contact with the team at Build2 today!


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Stroke Research Group
The Stroke Research Group is a rapidly developing independent but collaborative group of researchers. Stroke research is a priority area for growth within the Institute of Clinical Neurosciences over the coming years; the group is host to an expanding portfolio of research.
The Stroke Research Group has is closely associated with the clinical stroke service at North Bristol Trust, which provides a comprehensive stroke service including interventional neuroradiology and thrombectomy, vascular surgery, neurosurgery and specialist stroke rehabilitation. The Stroke Research Group uses a range of techniques including:
- MRI (e.g. fMRI, tractography)
- Gaze tracking
- Gait tracking
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
- Cognitive testing
- "Off-theshelf" EEG.
There is also an intention to develop further research areas and techniques, including:
- Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of stroke
- Genetics and cognition/rehabilitation (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit)
- MR spectroscopy
- Gait lab with visual environment modulation
- SPHERE project using technology for monitoring health in people's homes


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If you are caring
for an elderly loved-one, consider keeping their
refrigerator well stocked to keep them healthy. Sounds
strange? Well a newly published research letter in the
August 12, 2000 issue of The Lancet suggests this claim
According to the
report, "Elderly people with empty refrigerators are
more likely to be readmitted to the hospital after
assessment compared with patients with adequate
refrigerator content." Researchers from Geneva
University Hospital in Switzerland conducted the study.
A total of 132 elderly patients (aged 65 and older)
recently discharged from the hospital for various
aliments were studied. All received routine medical
visits in their homes at least once a month after their
release from the hospital. During the visits, medical
researchers did a thorough assessment of their
refrigerator content; classifying it as adequate,
inadequate or empty.
of adequate meant the seniors contained the appropriate
amounts of different food products to maintain proper
nutrition. An inadequate measure was based on
refrigerators containing rotten foods or outdated foods.
An empty classification proposed there were less than
three different food products in the fridge.
collected included variables such as body mass index,
biological markers and nutrition. In addition, social
data was collected and proved to be a valuable measure.
According to a report on Aging-Related Statistics
published in 2000 by the Federal Interagency Forum,
seniors who are socially active are more likely to have
better physical and mental health.
evaluated for at least three months, and the numbers and
exact dates of hospital admission were calculated within
the figure. The study recorded that of the 132
refrigerators assessed, 119 or 90% were classified as
having adequate or inadequate food content and 13 or 10%
were considered empty. The patients with an empty
refrigerator, compared to patients with a full
refrigerator, did not differ in age, gender, body mass
index, or socially.
According to the
findings, four or 31% of the patients with empty
refrigerators were admitted back into the hospital four
weeks following the conclusion of the assessments. Only
10 or 8% of those patients with a full fridge had to be
readmitted into the hospital.
concludes that the adjusted risk of being admitted was
increased threefold with an empty refrigerator.
suggests that future studies need to be completed in
other settings to help determine the impact on one's
health from an empty refrigerator. However, caregivers
may want to take notice of food content in their
loved-one's home. The report does not give direction as
to which food products should be kept stocked up, just
that the food product should not be spoiled or outdated.
The Food and Drug Administration's food pyramid is
normally recommended for an adequate source of nutrition
for most people, except those on special diets.
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Classification yard
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North Yard in Denver, Colorado, a typical U.S. classification yard in 2009
Chicago and North Western Railway's Proviso Yard in Chicago, Illinois, December 1942.
A classification yard (American and Canadian English) or marshalling yard (British, Indian English and Canadian English) is a railroad yard found at some freight train stations, used to separate railroad cars on to one of several tracks. First the cars are taken to a track, sometimes called a lead or a drill. From there the cars are sent through a series of switches called a ladder onto the classification tracks. Larger yards tend to put the lead on an artificially built hill called a hump to use the force of gravity to propel the cars through the ladder.
Freight trains that consist of isolated cars must be made into trains and divided according to their destinations. Thus the cars must be shunted several times along their route in contrast to a unit train, which carries, for example, automobiles from the plant to a port, or coal from a mine to the power plant. This shunting is done partly at the starting and final destinations and partly (for long-distance-hauling) in classification yards.
There are three types of classification yards: flat-shunted yards, hump yards and gravity yards.
Flat yards[edit]
Flat yards are constructed on flat ground, or on a gentle slope. Freight cars are pushed by a locomotive and coast to their required location.[1]
CNW towerman R. W. Mayberry operates the retarders at Proviso Yard in Chicago, Illinois, May 1943.
Hump yards[edit]
Not all cars can be sent over a classification hump. This Union Pacific track maintenance vehicle is permanently labeled DO NOT HUMP, because it is not a freight car and is not meant to be handled like one.
These are the largest and most effective classification yards, with the largest shunting capacity, often several thousand cars a day. The heart of these yards is the hump — a lead track on a small hill over which an engine pushes the cars. Single cars, or a block of coupled cars, are uncoupled just before or at the crest of the hump, and roll by gravity onto their destination tracks in the tracks where the cars are sorted, called the classification bowl.[2]
The speed of the cars rolling down from the hump into the classification bowl must be regulated according to whether they are full or empty, heavy or light freight, varying number of axles, whether there are few or many cars on the classification tracks, and varying weather conditions, including temperature, wind speed and direction. As concerns speed regulation, there are two types of hump yards — without or with mechanisation by retarders. In the old non-retarder yards braking was usually done in Europe by railroaders who laid skates[clarification needed] onto the tracks, or in the United States by riders on the cars. In the modern retarder yards this work is done by mechanized "rail brakes" called retarders. They are operated either pneumatically or hydraulically. Pneumatic systems are prevalent in the United States, France, Belgium, Russia and China, while hydraulic systems are used in Germany, Italy and the Netherlands.
Classification bowls in Europe typically consist of 20 to 40 tracks, divided into several fans or balloons of tracks, usually with eight classification tracks following a retarder in each one, often 32 tracks altogether. In the United States, many classification bowls have more than 40 tracks — up to 72 — which are often divided into six to ten classification tracks in each balloon loop.
Bailey Yard in North Platte, Nebraska, United States, the world's largest classification yard, is a hump yard. Other large American hump yards include Argentine Yard in Kansas City, Kansas, the second-largest in the world, Robert Young Yard in Elkhart, Indiana, Clearing Yard in Chicago, Illinois, Englewood Yard in Houston, Texas, and Waycross Rice Yard in Waycross, Georgia. Notably, in Europe, Russia and China, all major classification yards are hump yards. Europe's largest hump yard is that of Maschen near Hamburg, Germany; it is only slightly smaller than Bailey Yard. The second largest is in the port of Antwerp, Belgium. Most hump yards are single yards with one classification bowl, but some, mostly very large, hump yards have two of them, one for each direction, thus are double yards, such as the Maschen, Antwerp, Clearing, and Bailey yards. According to the PRRT&HS PRR Chronology, the first hump yard in the United States was opened May 11, 1903 as part of the Altoona Yards at Bells Mills (East Altoona).
However, due to the transfer of freight transport from rail to road and the containerization of rail freight transport [clarification needed] for economic reasons, hump yards are generally in decline.[citation needed] In Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Japan and Australia, for example, all hump yards have already been closed.[citation needed]
Gravity yards[edit]
These are operated similarly to hump yards but, in contrast to the latter, the whole yard is set up on a continuous falling gradient and there is less use of shunting engines. Typical locations of gravity yards are places where it was difficult to build a hump yard due to the topography. Most gravity yards were built in Germany and Great Britain, sometimes also in some other European countries, for example Łazy yard near Zawiercie on the Warsaw-Vienna Railway (in Poland). In the USA, there were only very few old gravity yards; one of the few gravity yards in operation today is CSX's Readville Yard south of Boston, Massachusetts. The largest active gravity yard is Nürnberg (Nuremberg) Rbf (Rbf: Rangierbahnhof, "classification yard"), Germany. Gravity yards also have a very large capacity but they need more staff than hump yards and thus they are the most uneconomical classification yards.[clarification needed]
A switch engine pushes a car over the hump at Kornwestheim yard
The retarders grip the sides of the wheels on passing cars to slow them down.
Hump yard operation in Vienna, Austria (video)
Kijfhoek, Netherlands, seen from 1,000 feet (305 m). Hump is at upper right.
Hydraulic "Dowty retarders" allow fine adjustment of speed.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ James T. Kneafsey. "Major Problems of Railroad Service". Transportation Economic Analysis. Lexington Books. p. 138. ISBN _PHONE_.
 2. ^ "ABC's of Railroading: Terms of the trade". Trains (Waukesha, Wisconsin: Kalmbach Publishing): p 22. June 1991. ISSN 0041-0934.
 - International Railway Journal (IRJ), New York. Special editions about hump yards in various countries: issues II/66, II/70, VI/75, II/80.
 - Armstrong, John H. (1998). The Railroad: What It Is, What It Does (4th ed.). Omaha, NE: Simmons-Boardman. ISBN 978-0-911382-04-4.
 - Rhodes, Michael: The Illustrated History of British Marshalling Yards. Sparkford: Haynes Oxford Publishing & Co, 1988. ISBN 0-86093-367-9. Out of print.
 - Kraft, Edwin: The Yard: Railroading's Hidden Half. In: Trains (vol. 62) 2002. Part I: VI/02, pp. 46–67; part II: VII/02, pp. 36–47. ISSN 0041-0934.
 - Wegner, Robert: Classification yards. Map of the Month. In: Trains IV/2003, pp. 42–43.
 - Rhodes, Michael: North American Railyards. St. Paul (USA): Motorbooks International (MBI Publishing Company) 2003. ISBN 0-7603-1578-7.
External links[edit]


text:
MISSOULA — To go undetected for wildlife means survival but being small and well camouflaged doesn't make it easy to study an animal.
Small, hidden and well camouflaged are the traits many animals strive for in order to be able to go undetected if a predator is near or to avoid detection by potential prey.
Many of these animals are of conservation concern, and conservation efforts may be hampered by the lack of basic information on their ecological needs. Being small and obscure has its advantages in the animal kingdom but these traits make it challenging to detect and study these species in their natural habitat.
Two elements can give away their position through -- body heat and scent. Innovative methods such as thermal imaging and the use of wildlife detection dogs serve as a fitting means for the detection of such species.
With thermal imaging cameras using heat instead of visible light to create an image they provide accurate vision even when camouflage or darkness renders normal eyesight useless.
Thermal techniques to study wildlife is nothing new to research. White-tailed deer were first tested with this process in the late 1960s and have been used to detect a large array of animals since.
But smaller animals have always been difficult to find on the image. Now, new research and advancements in technology have allowed scientists to pick out those tiny details of heat emission and detect small mammals.
Even with advancements in technologies, there can be some drawbacks to using thermal cameras -- and that's where wildlife detection dogs come in. With their superior sense of smell, detection dogs serve as an alternative method to search for cryptic wildlife.
The hard-working dogs have usually been used to detect the feces of animals like grizzly bears, owls, and even koalas -- but less so to target animals themselves.
To be successful at this the dogs must find the target animal, indicate its find by showing a trained alert behavior and do all of these tasks without harming the target animal, itself, its handler, or any other human or animal.
Dense areas with lots of brush imply the needs for detection dogs while more open areas are considered suitable for thermal detection.
Applying one of these methods to field research can allow for the collection of data that just wasn't accessible before, and ultimately improve the ecological understanding of small camouflaged species.


text:
Daqing Oilfield Logging and Testing Services Company
Xianglin B.,Harbin Institute of Technology |
Haoyu L.,Harbin Institute of Technology |
Faxian L.,Daqing Oilfield Logging and Testing Services Company
Petroleum Exploration and Development | Year: 2010
Traction robot conveying technology is efficient in horizontal well logging. Auto-centralizer is an assistant support to bear the weight of robot and center the robot in casing while logging. The mechanical model for an auto-centralizer with four pair of bias arms was built based on spring-lever mechanism. ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems) was applied to analyze the sensitiveness coefficient of structural parameters and spring force, thus optimizing the structural parameters. Consequently, a simulation model was built based on the optimization result, and a simulation study was carried out on the mechanical properties and dynamic performance with the ADAMS mechanics system modeling and simulation module. The results implied that the original structure had a disadvantage while traversing obstacles. Further studies indicated that the coupling between the pair arms adopted hinge joint, which couldn't form a closed triangle of force while traversing obstacles. We have employed an improved structure by adding a connecting lever to eliminate the constraint between the arms. Contrast experiments show that the new structure avoids bearing the load with one side and has less shock while traversing obstacles, thus improving smoothness of movement for the traction robot. © 2010 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina.


text:
I need help on a math question.
Carly makes a rectangular pepperoni pizza using a 12-inch by 16-inch rectangular pan. If Kyle wants to make a circular pepperoni pizza that is approximately the same thickness as Carly's pizza using the same amount of dough, what should be the diameter of Kyle's circular pan? Please round your answer to the nearest tenth of an inch.
Thanks for helping!
3 Answers | Add Yours
For this question, you need to find the area of the rectangular pan of pizza first. As you know, you find the area of a rectangle by multiplying the two sides by one another. In this case, that is 12*16 = 192.
Then you have to figure the area of a circle. The equation for that is area = pi*r^2 where r is the radius of the circle.
So we know the area and we know pi so our equation is
192 = 3.14(r^2).
We divide both sides by 3.14 and we get
61.14 = r^2
Take the square root of 61.14, which is 7.8.
So the circular pan needs to be 7.8 inches in radius or 15.6 inches in diameter.
Here the volume of material of the dough is same and the thickness of the pizza is same but only the shape and area are different.The first one is rectangular and the second one is flat cylinderical.
Let the thicknes of the pizza be h inch
The volume of the rectangular shape = length*breadth*h =16*12*h...........(1)
The volume of the circular pizza = pi*radius^2*thickness=pi*(diamete/2)^2*thicknes.
Since the volume represented at (1) and (2) are same,
(pi*d^2/4)h = 16*12*h) The h gets cancelled. So solving for, d,
d = sqrt(16*12*4/pi) = 15.63528 inch =15.6 inch
When the thickness of the pizza as well as the amount of dough used for the rectangular and the circular pizzas are same, the areas of the pizza will also be same.
The area of rectangular pizza of 12" x 16" is given by the formula:
Area of rectangle = A = Width x Length = 12 x 16 = 192 sq.inch
The area of a circle is given by:
Area of circle = A = (pi/4) x d^2
Where: d = diameter of circle
Therefore diameter of circular pizza with area = A is given by:
d = [A/(pi/4)]^1/2 = 2 x (A/pi)^1/2
Value of A = 192 and pi is a constant with value 3.141
d = = 2 x (192/3.141)^1/2 = 2 x 7.818 = 15.636 = 15.6"
Diameter of circular pan = 15.6"
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text:
Height: 1.140 m
Gift of the
Asia OA 1942.10-10.1
Room 33: Asia
Pilaster from a tomb
Han dynasty, 1st century BC-1st century AD
An earthenware tomb pillar with kneeling figure
The decoration on tombs of the Han dynasty (221 BC-AD 220) is a good source of information about daily life in that period. Moulded or incised bricks showed agricultural practices, architecture, social customs, chariot processions, myths and legends.
This pillar was used in a brick tomb to hold up the lintel of a doorway. It would have been positioned centrally with doors on either side, creating the impression of a house.
The extraordinary kneeling figure on top was intended to ward off evil. He is oddly proportioned, but complete. His feet appear on the sides of the pillar and his hands are incised on the front. A figure of a bird in flight is stamped between his legs. Two lines of this bird emblem are arranged on each side of the pillar. On the front are two columns climbing dragons. Surrounding the lines of pictorial decoration are borders with a geometric pattern, a common feature of Han tomb architecture.
S.J. Vainker, Chinese pottery and porcelain, (London, The British Museum Press, 1991)


text:
What is Digital Partnering?
Digital partnering is a pair group that uses technology to share ideas and work together.
Collaboration can be Simple Using OneDrive
Collaboration doesn't have to be time consuming. If fact, it can be as simple as sharing ideas.
OneDrive allows teachers to post student work to a Group. Members can view and comment upon work within the Group. This provides an excellent opportunity for digital partnering.
For example, consider the activity we completed today. I posted all the students' amusement park maps created using Microsoft Word into a Group folder.
Students acted as business consultants. They were divided into partners. Each student logged into their OneDrive account to view their partner's amusement park map. They examined the current attractions on the map. Using the Comments system they suggested five new attractions that would make the park even better.
In the following class, students will view their own map to read their partner's suggestions. They will then combine the suggestions with their own ideas to generate a list of possible new attractions for their park. This list of new attractions will be used to create a survey. Survey data will be organized in Excel and graphed. The graph will be analyzed to select a new amusement park ride.
Seven Benefits to Digital Partnering
There are several advantages to students working in pair groups digitally:
- Time to Think: Not everyone can generate ideas quickly. Some people need more time to think. Digital partnering allows a student the opportunity to work at their own pace to process information and develop a solution, without the pressure of their partner sitting beside them waiting for input.
- Efficient: Work can begin immediately. There is no need to move around the room and adjust seating, which can create a commotion and can be time consuming.
- Focus on Task: Students can focus their attention on the task without the distraction of their partner. Chatter about unrelated topics is eliminated.
- Increase Student Involvement: There is no coasting or allowing your friend to do all the work when engaged in digital partnering. Since each student is responsible for generating ideas and posting them to the Comments pane, they must participate.
- Spark Inspiration: Often when students hand in their work they think it is done and they never have to look at it again. However, by having a partner comment upon the work it can inspire students to look at their work in a new way. As students gain a fresh perspective this can spark even more ideas for how to improve.
- Equal Opportunity: Outgoing? Shy? The personality of the student does not matter. When students work together face to face, often the shy student may not contribute as much to the conversation. Not because they do not have the ideas, but because they are overpowered by the ideas flowing from their outgoing partner. Digital partnering gives everyone equal opportunity to share ideas.
- More Receptive to Feedback: Too often suggestions for ways to improve can be taken personally, especially in face-to-face interactions. A person may become offended and want to defend their work in front of a peer. Technology creates a comfortable distance between people. This allows each student to focus on the ideas presented not on "saving face".
Commenting, Idea Generation, and Digital Partnering
Commenting is a skill that takes time to develop. Often students are not familiar with how to provide feedback to peers. Sharing ideas, through a commenting activity, provides a focused, meaningful way to help students practice this skill effectively. It also prevents students from posting hurtful criticism or vague feedback such as good job on their classmate's work because they have specific task they must complete.
Over the next few months, the Grade 7 class is going to continue to use OneDrive to collaborate. We are building towards success by engaging in simple tasks. In the previous class, students viewed fellow classmates' amusement park maps and posted one thing they really liked about the park. Today we expanded the complexity of the task to use Comments in a new way.
To prepare students for the task, we reviewed an amusement park map together. On the overhead projector was a sample map. Students were asked to provide suggestions on attractions that are missing from the amusement park that visitors may enjoy. I modeled how to add a comment and post the ideas. Once familiar with the activity, students were partnered with a classmate. These are the steps they completed:
- Login to OneDrive
- Access the Group folder
- View partner's amusement park map in the Word Web App
- Critically evaluate the contents of the document to generate ideas
- Activate the Comments pane
- Select part of the document
- Post a comment that contains five new attractions that can be added to the park
- Close the Word Web App.
- Log off OneDrive
Here is a sample comment. It is unedited. At first glance you might notice the grammar errors. If you focus on those you will be missing something wonderful – the exchange of ideas.
Notice the excellent suggestions by George. Now notice, how the student responded to their partner's ideas. The reply is positive and acknowledges the suggestion they like the most.
What is so amazing about these comments is I never asked students to reply to their partner. On their own students discovered how to reply to a comment. As well, the quality of their replies was such a pleasant surprise.


text:
This article aims to establish a rainfall-runoff relationship; estimate depth and extent of inundation under climate change scenarios; assess impacts on the socio-economy; and identify and evaluate adaptation strategies in Nepal's East Rapti Watershed (ERW). The ERW has been the site of devastating floods but effective mitigation and adaptation measures are lacking. The study uses an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was to generate peak flows which were then entered into a hydraulic model to simulate inundation. The calibrated and validated RR and hydraulic models were fed with projected future climate derived from multiple regional-climate-models to assess the changes in inundation.
The study finds that the peak discharge likely exceeds 10,500 cubic meters per second at the ERW outlet in the extreme future flood scenario with corresponding inundation of 80 sq.km and up to a depth of 11 m sweeping away over 1000 houses and 19 sq.km. of agricultural land in the critical areas. Constructing a 17 km long embankment in the critical areas along the right bank of the East Rapti River could reduce the flood spread by 35%, safeguarding 78% of the houses and saving 51% agricultural land compared with the scenarios without the embankment.