text:
Sole Source Suppliers and Escrow. While a sole/single source alliance can benefit both the buyer and the supplier companies through the creation of a more solid business/ partnering arrangement, the downside occurs if the supplier is unable to deliver.
In order to understand the full impact of this"downside", just be reminded of any recent problem you have had obtaining product from your sole source supplier.
What measures can be taken to protect our companies from these downside possibilities? While contracts are limited in their abilities to "solve" a problem, they can be helpful in addressing the issues to facilitate a solution.
Consider requiring that your supplier establish an escrow account in which the supplier deposits all designs, manufacturing data, processes, etc. necessary to manufacture and support the product. In addition, and if the bill of material for the product includes purchase of certain proprietary products, the supplier would deposit authorization that the buyer be able to purchase these proprietary products from third party suppliers. The contract would grant your company a license to use all the information in the escrow account if the supplier does not perform its contract obligations.
Keep in mind that in order to be able to effectively use this information, your company might likely first require technical understanding of the products. If that is the case, your contract will want to obligate the supplier to provide access to and training in the understanding and use of the information and data during the actual contract performance.
- Employee Issues: Confidentiality; Ownership; Nonsolicitation; Noncompete
- Confidentiality. The issue of confidential information and the employee's responsibility is two pronged. The first prong relates to that confidential information which the employee either develops or learns in the course of his or her employment with the company.
In general, state laws provide that an employee may not, either during or after his employment, divulge or use trade secrets which were developed by him during his employment or divulged to him by his employer, even absent an express agreement. The rationale is that a employee is in a relationship of trust and confidence with the company. In addition, most companies require that their employees sign an agreement which acknowledges that the employee will maintain the confidentiality of the company's trade secret information both during and after employment.
The problematic aspect of this issue is raised when the employee wants to go to work for a competitor of the employer. The employee should be aware that under appropriate circumstances, the ex-employer may prevent the employee from going to work at a competitor if the following three factors are found to exist:
(1) The former employee has knowledge of the first employer's trade secrets;
(2) The employee's new job duties (and the products and technology he is working on) are so similar to those in the former position that it would be extremely difficult for him not to rely on or use the first employer's trade secrets; and
(3) The former employee and the new employer cannot be depended upon to avoid using the trade secret information.
The second prong relates to that confidential information provided by a third party to the employee's company.
In those cases in which the employer signs a non-disclosure agreement to maintain the trade secrets of a third party, the employee -as an agent of the recipient company - is bound to the non-disclosure agreement and must abide by the confidentiality provisions. Failure to do so may subject both the company and the employee to damages.
- Ownership of Intellectual Property. If a work was created by an employee as part of his or her job, the law considers the product a work for hire, and the employer will own the intellectual property rights to that work, as explained above. A work for hire is defined as "a work made by an employee within the scope of his or her employment".
In many instances, the courts have considered the intellectual property rights to a product developed by the employee to belong to the employer when the employee used company resources in developing the product, even if the employee's development was done outside working hours.
- Non-Compete and Non-Solicitation Agreements. The non-compete clause prevents the ex-employee from working for a competitor or going into a business which competes with his or her ex-employer. The non-solicitation clause restricts the ex-employee from soliciting the business of the ex-employer's customers or suppliers.
The enforceability of these provisions vary by state. For example, in most employee/employer circumstances, California does not recognize the enforceability of a non-compete clause. Even in those states that do enforce non-compete provisions, the clauses must be narrowly written such that they are reasonable in time and geography limitations. The enforceability of the clause generally revolves around the underlying question of: Is there a legitimate business purpose for such restriction? In the absence of a sound business reason, the courts are reluctant to enforce a non-compete clause.
The non-solicitation clause will come under similar scrutiny in terms of reasonable time period and location, but is more often enforced by courts. A non-solicitation agreement may restrict the ex-employee from doing business with a supplier or customer of the ex-employer for a certain period of time.
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text:
If I have a triangle with the coodinates A(0,0) B (30,0) and C (30,40)
Is the centre of gravity 1/3 of the base and 1/3 of the height?
would this make it (10, 40/3)??
The area of the triangle is
You now need a triangle such that
The ratio of the main triangle's height to the base is
You need to have or
The center of gravity will occur along the triangle with the x coordinate equal to 21.2132.
You will need to do the appropriate calculations for the y coordinate.
You want to cut the large triangle so that the upper or smaller triangle is half the area of the larger triangle.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Changing Currency Correlations - Possible Strategies
We update the currency correlation tables and charts on weekly basis. Because of the characteristics of economies and their interdependence or the lack of it, various currency pairs tend to maintain some correlation or again a lack of it. But again there are times of turmoil when economic uncertainties are high and volatility becomes unpredictable. Such are the times when the currency correlations tend to behave abnormally and away from their average ranges. Such times present the opportunities to enter the market for making a trade. This is done with the expectations that sooner or later the market will tend to normalize and the average ranges of the correlation values will be back in the picture.
Considering this, it is always good to keep a track of the changes in the correlation values of major currency pairs while trading in Forex. The idea is to observe some sudden and big changes in the normal behavior of any two specific currency pairs which normally have some strong positive or negative correlation. When such big change from the average range of correlation between those two pairs take place, then enter the trade with the pair with higher volatility.
In this section we will bring the changing correlation values where we can compare the weekly averages with the monthly and yearly averages to see some sharp changes. We will cover the following currency pairs:
Currency Correlation Tables And Charts

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
This may seem like a sinister social engineering experiment conducted by a dystopian sugar-shocked dictator, but it's just the Fühlometer, a performance art piece by Julius von Bismarck, Benjamin Maus, and Richard Wilhelmer. Explains Wilhelmer's website:
"Fuehlometer" (Feel-o-meter) or "Public Face" is an interactive art installation that shows the mood of a city by displaying it in the form of a monumental Smiley. The system allows to read emotions out of random people's faces. The faces are analyzed by sophisticated software (contributed by the Fraunhofer Institut). The obtained mood data are then stored on a server and processed by the smiley to visualize the emotions in real-time.
Here's the piece on display in 2010 at Lindau Island in Germany. Could these be established across the land as public indicators of the National Happiness Index?
[Via Laughing Squid]


text:
You will need a pair of headphones or ear buds.
- The pair that came with your phone will work fine.
Your computer needs to have a webcam
- If your computer has video chat capabilities, you should be set.
If you see a box in STEP 2 asking you for access to your camera and microphone, please click "Allow," then "Close." Here's an example:
STEP 2 - Recording
In the box below, click "record from webcam." RECORDING WILL BEGIN IMMEDIATELY.
Then scroll down and press the play button.


A. Yang, E. Pagnin, A. Mitrokotsa, G. Hancke, D. Wong In IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. Full Text
Abstract
Distance-bounding (DB) protocols are cross-layer authentication protocols that are based on the round-trip-time of challenge-response exchanges and can be employed to guarantee physical proximity and combat relay attacks. However, traditional DB protocols rely on the assumption that the prover is in the communication range of the verifier, which might not be the case in multiple access control scenarios in ubiquitous computing environments or when we need to verify the proximity of our two-hop neighbour in an ad-hoc network. In this paper, we extend traditional DB protocols to a two-hop setting i.e. when the prover is out of the communication range of the verifier and thus, they both need to rely on an untrusted in-between entity to verify proximity. We present a formal framework that captures the most representative classes of existing DB protocols and provide a general method to extend traditional DB protocols to the two-hop case. We analyse the security of two-hop DB protocols and identify connections with the security issues of the corresponding one-hop case. Finally, we demonstrate the correctness of our security analysis and the efficiency of our model by transforming five existing DB protocols to the two-hop setting and we evaluate their performance with simulations.


text:
Color Design for Kids Room
Every caring parent is trying to make a perfect kids room for his children: original bed, unimaginable wall-mounted ladders, toys, and much more. Of course, it's not bad, because a child spends the lion's share of time in his room. But with all this, choosing the right color scheme for the design of children's room is not less important.
Correct Color Design for Kids Room
Why it's important
Since childhood, we have the individual perception of colors and shades. Thus, certain colors can influence favorably the psyche and some of them, conversely, negatively. Not taking this into account in the selection of colors for a child's room is very dangerous, because in the future it may affect the child's psyche.
Let's say, a kid, who from the cradle is surrounded by colorful and even acidic shades (By the way: modern toy manufacturers often use these colors, that, in fact, is not quite correctly) can grow nervous and irritable.
Of course, there are neutral shades, but if you abuse them in the design of a child's room, it can provoke the apathy and indifference to everything of the child. To avoid such mistakes, we have prepared for you a few simple tips.
Consider the child's temperament
In the view of the majority, a children's room should be colorful and bright. In reality, however, a rich color scheme is only valid if the child has calm, passive temperament. Riot of colors will "recharge" the kid with energy and vivacity. For active kids it is better to arrange the room in calm, pastel shades.
Keep the color combinations in harmony
It is important to remember that for a child it is much more difficult to focus than for an adult. Based on this, pick a color scheme for the children's room so that the colors are not discordant. It is desirable that the scheme was based on a neutral shade and two more vivid ones. For a small "energizer" it is better to choose only two colors: primary and secondary.
Zone the space with color
For us, the adults, a bedroom is a place for resting. Children in their rooms do not only sleep, but also learn and play. On this basis, each child's room can be divided into separate zones. And in this case zoning with color will be the most successful solution. Thus, for the sleeping area it is desirable to choose soft, warm shades; for gaming – more vivid, and for training – cold.


text:
Crystals, meteorites and minerals first identified in South Australia are all part of discovering the minerals in the Museum.
One of Sir Douglas Mawson's many roles was to look after the Museum's Minerals Collection. In fact, the black display case at one end of the Minerals and Meteorites Gallery is from a set he commissioned.
Students visiting the Mawson and Minerals Galleries have a unique opportunity to learn about rocks and minerals in a variety of ways. Their ideas about rocks and minerals will be enriched as they look at the variety of minerals in the Museum's collection and explore the geological work of Sir Douglas Mawson.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


and the ordering is not defined.
Schema
{
 title: 'Category Set',
 name: 'categorySet',
 type: 'array',
 of: [{type: 'string'}],
 options: {
 list: [
 {title: 'Building', value: 'building'},
 {title: 'Master plan', value: 'masterPlan'},
 {title: 'Infrastructure', value: 'infrastructure'},
 {title: 'Private Home', value: 'privateHome'}
 ]
 }
}
API response
{
 "categorySet": ["building", "privateHome"]
}
Example: Predefined objects
New in V3.
Schema
{
 title: "Example object list",
 type: "array",
 name: "example",
 of: [
 {
 type: "object",
 name: "inline",
 fields: [
 { type: "string", name: "title" },
 { type: "number", name: "amount" }
 ]
 }
 ],
 options: {
 list: [
 { _type: "inline", title: "Big amount", amount: 100 },
 { _type: "inline", title: "Small amount", amount: 1 }
 ]
 }
}
API response
{
 "example": [
 {
 "_type": "inline",
 "title": "Big amount",
 "amount": 100,
 "_key": "auto-generated-0"
 },
 {
 "_type": "inline",
 "title": "Small amount",
 "amount": 1,
 "_key": "auto-generated-1"
 }
 ]
}
Example: unique values
A common use case is to only want unique items in an array. This can be enforced by adding a validation function and using the unique() method.
Schema
{
 title: 'Category Set',
 name: 'categorySet',
 type: 'array',
 of: [{type: 'string'}],
 validation: Rule => Rule.unique()
}
API response
{
 "categorySet": ["building", "privateHome"]
}
Why the _key?
When adding data with type: 'object' to an array, each item gets assigned a persistent and unique _key property. This is to ensure that each item can be addressed uniquely in a collaborative, real time setting. This allows one user to edit an array item while another user simultaneously reorders the array.
Two Limitations
 1. Due to a limitation in the data store, arrays may not currently contain arrays. Solve this by wrapping nested arrays in objects.
 2. It is not possible to define arrays that contains both object types and primitive types. Arrays that hold values of primitive types (e.g. strings or numbers) cannot be addressed uniquely by a key in real time. As a consequence, when defining an array of primitive values, the content studio will switch to a simpler array input widget for editing. This simpler input widget will not be able to handle object types, which is why it is not possible to define arrays that contains both object types and primitive types. If you should ever need an array that contains both primitive types (e.g., strings) and objects (e.g., movie), you should instead create an object as an item in the array and give it properties that hold the primitive values.
This will not work:
{
 type: 'array',
 of: [
 {
 type: 'actor', /* This is an object type */
 title: 'Actor'
 },
 {
 type: 'string', /* Will not work! */
 title: 'Actor name'
 }
 ]
}
This will work:
{
 type: 'array',
 of: [
 {
 title: 'Actor',
 type: 'actor'
 },
 {
 title: 'Actor name',
 type: 'object',
 fields: [
 {
 title: 'Name',
 name: 'value',
 type: 'string'
 }
 ]
 }
 ]
}
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text:
The main objectives of work package 6 are to:
Demonstrate experimentally the effectiveness of the innovative fire safety features in combination.
Demonstrate, with before and after tests, that the innovative upgrading measures proposed in this project provide major improvements in fire safety when compared with the existing tunnels situation without upgrading.
Provide feedback to the work packages 1-4 in terms of the interaction of their individual features with the features developed in other work packages.
Validate the theoretical model developed in Work package 5.
Make recommendations for upgrading based on real testing.


text:
Khris Krepcik is a world renowned etheric healer and metaphysical teacher with a lifetime of training in ancient wisdoms and mystic arts. He is considered to be down to earth, natural, and real — authentic and genuine.
With over thirty years of experience in the extensive study of ancient teachings, altered states of consciousness, philosophies, shamanism, mysticism, and metaphysics, Krepcik has a rare perception and profound understanding of human consciousness and the human energy field. His profound understanding comes from direct experience and perception of the spirit worlds, the subtle vibrational etheric body and energy field, and the multidimensional nature of reality. He sees things that few others can see. He answers things that few others can answer. His style is direct and concise, with a true warmth, wisdom, and understanding.
Khris Krepcik studied with Stuart Wilde for over 20 years, eventually leading to providing healing and lectures at Stuart Wilde's workshops. In 2007, after traveling and working together for several years, Wilde asked Krepcik to write down a system of philosophical disciplines to guide others and become the next teacher. Krepcik's teachings embody the Warrior's Wisdom into one complete philosophical method of disciplines, meditations, and etheric techniques.
Krepcik's teachings are provided exclusively through The Hooded Sage Course — an online school of disciplines and personal guidance designed to help people develop inner power and perception. He teaches that one can create a spiritual reality of their own and transcend the collective human evolutionary path of ego, emotion, and mind, which is often ruled by a system of programming and control. Krepcik spends his time writing and teaching. He has students in over twenty five countries.
© 2009 – 2021 — Khris Krepcik
The Hooded Sage. All Rights Reserved


Possession of a Controlled Substance in West Virginia
All states regulate the possession of controlled dangerous substances (CDS), though each differs in its exact definition of CDS and the penalties for illegal possession. West Virginia classifies not only well-known drugs like marijuana, heroin, and cocaine as CDS, but also the compounds used to manufacture them.
This article discusses the illegal possession of CDS for personal use only. Illegally making or selling CDS carries different penalties. For more information on illegal CDS manufacture and sale, see Sale of Controlled Substances in West Virginia.
Also, while marijuana is considered a CDS, this article does not cover West Virginia's marijuana possession and sale laws. To learn more about that topic, see West Virginia Marijuana Laws.
How West Virginia Classifies CDS
West Virginia divides CDS into five "Schedules". Schedule I lists the most dangerous drugs, which have a high probability of abuse and addiction, and no recognized medical value. Schedules II, III, IV, and V decrease in dangerousness and probability of abuse, and increase in recognized medical uses. (W.V. Ann. Code § 60A-2-204, -206, -208, -210, & -212.)
Penalties for Possessing CDS
It is illegal in West Virginia to possess CDS without a valid medical prescription. (W.V. Ann. Code § 60A-4-401, & -407.)
First offenses
A defendant charged with CDS possession who has no prior drug convictions in West Virginia, any other state, or federally is entitled to a "conditional discharge." This means that, without entering a judgment, the judge will defer the court proceedings, and place the defendant on probation with terms and conditions. If the defendant fulfills these terms and conditions, the judge will discharge the defendant, and dismiss the proceedings. Six months after a successful discharge and dismissal, the defendant may apply to the judge to expunge the record of the defendant's arrest and trial. The judge is required to grant an expungement if the defendant has committed no further violations during the six months following the probation period.
For more information about expunging your CDS possession record, see Expunging a Criminal Record in West Virginia.
Because each person is entitled to only one conditional discharge, courts will need access to the record of the dismissed case. Even after discharge, dismissal, and expungement, a confidential record will remain on file for court officials and prosecutors.
If the defendant violates the terms and conditions of the probation, the judge will proceed with a trial. Penalties include a fine of up to $1,000, at least 90 days (and up to six months) in jail, or both.
Second and subsequent offenses
Second and subsequent offenses proceed directly to trial, and harsher fines and penalties may apply.
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text:
ACEC Texas Awards Gold Medal to LAN for SARA Water Quality Modeling Tool Development Project
December 11, 2015
(HOUSTON – Dec. 10, 2015) The American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC) Texas awarded civil engineering firm Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam, Inc. (LAN) a gold medal for its work on the San Antonio River Authority (SARA) Water Quality Modeling Tool Development project. The award, given under the Studies, Research and Consulting Engineering Services category, will be presented during the ACEC Texas Engineering Excellence Awards Gala at the La Cantera Resort in San Antonio on March 21, 2016.
The Engineering Excellence Awards Competition has been held by the American Council of Engineering Companies of Texas since its inception in 1975 to honor and recognize outstanding achievements within the engineering community. A panel of judges around the state select projects based on innovation, future value to the engineering profession, social and economic considerations, complexity and exceeding the client's needs.
In recent years, selection and implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and low-impact development (LID) strategies to address urban runoff pollution have become important components of holistic watershed master planning and stormwater management. However, these strategies have been limited to qualitative planning due to the lack of suitable tools to conduct quantitative assessment. As a result, the effectiveness of the BMP/LID practices could only rely on follow-up long-term monitoring to verify, and there is in general a lack of planning effort prior to implementing BMPs or LID.
To help address these issues and support compliance with increasing water quality regulations, professional engineers with SARA, LAN and software developers with AQUA TERRA Consultants created a number of innovative water quality modeling tools to allow quantitative water quality master planning and BMP/LID prioritization for three major water sheds in the San Antonio River Basin: Salado Creek, Leon Creek, and Upper San Antonio River watersheds.
Under the sponsorship and direction of SARA, the LAN team conducted the following main tasks:
- Authored a "SARA Water Quality Modeling Standards" document to ensure consistency in the development, calibration, and validation of water quality models;
- Developed and calibrated dynamic water quality models to identify impaired water bodies (locations, timing, and constituents);
- Developed and tested a SARA Load Reduction Tool to determine percent load reductions needed to achieve selected screening levels for each of the modeled constituents on a sub-basin basis;
- Developed and tested a SARA Enhanced BMP Tool to determine the optimal (minimal cost) combination of the types and numbers of BMPs and LID units needed to achieve the required load reductions.
"The models and tools developed are on the cutting edge of the water quality modeling profession nationwide," said Dr. Yu-Chun Su, Environmental and Water Resources Engineering technical director for LAN. "These tools provide water authorities and stormwater professionals around the country a new and more effective way to address water quality issues in their communities."
Using these SARA models and tools, water quality agencies and stormwater professionals can now determine the optimal combinations of BMPs/LID to accomplish their goals and save substantial stormwater infrastructure and management costs.
Furthermore, the results from these models could potentially help the Environmental Protection Agency and state agencies to determine BMPs/LID needed to delist many impaired water bodies around the country (or if delisting is possible or not using BMPs/LID strategies alone).
In the long run, applying these models and tools will enable water authorities and stormwater professionals to effectively manage stormwater runoffs as close as possible to the source, thereby creating more sustainable watersheds, improving public health and quality of life, enhancing natural habitats, supporting public recreation as well as boosting the local economy.


text:
Repower plans to build a pumped storage plant with an installed capacity of around 570 megawatts in Campolattaro (Campania, Italy). The project connects an existing lower dammed lake with a reservoir higher up to create a single system. This upper reservoir will be newly constructed in a natural dip. The penstocks (pressure duct and output lead) carrying the water are between 5 and 6 metres in diameter, and run for a total of 8 kilometres. They take the water to an underground powerhouse that can operate in turbine or pump mode. During periods of high demand the water drives the powerhouse turbines to generate electricity that is fed into the national 380 kV transmission grid. At periods of low demand, the plant takes up electricity from the grid to pump water into the upper reservoir, where it is stored ready to drive the turbines again at a later stage.
The planning phase was completed at the beginning of 2011. The approval process is currently under way, including an environmental impact assessment by the relevant national authorities. The plant will take around six years to build.
The planned pumped storage plant will play a key role in maintaining grid stability and the security of the supply in the region.
|Installed capacity||570 MW approx.|
|Pressure duct and output lead||8 km approx.|
|Construction time||6 years approx.|
|Total investment||EUR 600 m approx.|


text:
The statgrab library provides a cross-platform interface to getting system statistics. Each of the function calls to grab some statistics returns an array of structures. Functions which return always a fixed number of array entries (typical one) won't take an additional parameter to store the number of array entries, others will. Anyway, if the information isn't available anymore, you can call sg_get_nelements(). See the manual page for each individual function for more details on usage.
For each statistic type there are two functions available to fetch the data: sg_get_STATTYPE (e.g. sg_get_cpu_stats) and sg_get_STATTYPE_r (e.g. sg_get_cpu_stats_r). The difference between both interfaces is the ownership of the returned statistic structures: while the (well known) sg_get_cpu_stats returns a pointer to a memory area owned and controlled by the statgrab library, sg_get_cpu_stats_r will return a pointer to a memory area owned and controlled by the caller. Storage owned by the statgrab library will be reused in follow-up calls to the same statistic grabbing function within the same thread. The memory is freed when the thread ends. This could result in dangling pointers when you exchange those pointers between threads. Storage which is owned by the caller must be freed by the caller when it's not used any more.
sg_init() must be the first function you call before you start to use libstatgrab; it performs all the one-time initialisation operations that need setuid/setgid privileges. For instance, on *BSD it opens a descriptor to be able to read kernel structures later on, and on Solaris it reads the device mappings that in some cases are only accessible by root (machines with a /dev/osa). To handle this, each statgrab module has a private initialisation routine called by sg_init(). sg_init() takes an argument to tell whether initialisation errors of components shall abort the library initialisation process or not. Regardless of this value, the failing module initialisations will usually lead into (partially) unusable statistics. Once sg_init() has run, most of the other libstatgrab functions no longer need elevated privileges (some Unices require higher privileges to access command line argument of processes owned by other users, Linux doesn't deliver some network card information to unprivileged users, etc.). It is therefore a good idea to call sg_drop_privileges(), which discards setuid and setgid privileges, immediately after you call sg_init(), unless your application has a reason for needing setuid or setgid privileges.
sg_shutdown() should be the very last statgrab library function you call. You shouldn't invoke this function when any thread is still existing which had made calls to the statgrab library. If you don't invoke sg_shutdown(), it's done automatically at_exit().
Both, sg_init() and sg_shutdown() use a counter to prevent to early destruction of libstatgrab in a process where more than one component uses libstatgrab. This counter is guarded by a mutual exclusion semaphore when thread capabilities are built in.
sg_init(), sg_shutdown() and sg_drop_privileges() return SG_ERROR_NONE on success, and any other on failure.
For proper thread support, sg_lock_mutex() and sg_unlock_mutex() are available to allow locking system functions which aren't thread safe. While it's generally not the wisest idea to mix calls to the statgrab library and similar calls to the system library, it is possible to protect known unsafe functions. There's currently one system API known to be not thread-safe: accessing
utmp. The other non-threadsafe functionality used by the statgrab library is the global component management during initialisation (e.g. counting the number of calls to sg_init() to prevent first call to sg_shutdown() leaves the library in an unusable status).
Mutex name: statgrab
Protects: statgrab library globals
Mutex name: utmp
Protects: accessing login records
There's currently no way to get a list of used mutex names, so beg that any author which adds more semaphores to guard implementations is fair enough to add them here.
It is the intended practice that whenever a libstatgrab function is called and subsequently fails that an appropriate error will be set. Please use sg_get_error() and associates to get informed about the individual circumstances of the error condition.
libstatgrab(3) sg_get_cpu_stats(3) sg_get_disk_io_stats(3) sg_get_fs_stats(3) sg_get_host_info(3) sg_get_load_stats(3) sg_get_mem_stats(3) sg_get_network_io_stats(3) sg_get_network_iface_stats(3) sg_get_page_stats(3) sg_get_process_stats(3) sg_get_swap_stats(3) sg_get_user_stats(3) sg_get_error(3) sg_internal-intro(3)
sg_comp_init(3), sg_internal-intro(3), statgrab(3).


text:
Principles of Engineering (POE)
Using modern tools to construct mechatronic systems.
In Principles of Engineering, students conceive, design, and implement a mechatronic systems that involves mechanical design, electronics, and software. Every project will include a nontrivial mechanical system design, a nontrivial electronic system design, a microcontroller, and all hardware, firmware, and software components necessary for integration. Projects are subject to realistic materials, process, and budgetary constraints. Most projects use microcontrollers like Arduino to take data from sensors, perform computation and operator motors. Project examples include an automatic cake decorator, an autonomous blimp, and a light-seeking flower pot. Students have to work within realistic constraints on materials, process and budget.
During the last two thirds of the semester, you will be working in a group of three to five students in the class on a design project that interests you. You will be forming your own teams based your interest in potential project ideas.
Learn more about POE here: _URL_


Notes and queries
Ulysses – the greatest literary cover version? Going to hell – why in a handcart? Can you ever overspend on a wedding?
ULYSSES notes and queries
Homer rewrite... Barbara Jefford and Milo O'Shea in the 1967 film Ulysses. Photograph: Allstar/BRITISH LION/Sportsphoto Ltd./Allstar
Music has a long history of cover versions and the film industry is not shy of remakes, but are there any notable literary cover versions/rewrites?
It was a surprise to see that someone from Dublin needed to ask this question: Ulysses, by James Joyce, the greatest novel of the 20th century, is arguably a rewrite of Homer's Odyssey and is set in Dublin on 16 June (Bloomsday) 1904.
While not strictly a cover version, Joyce did use the poem as a framework. The parallels can be strong; particularly in the identification of three main characters – Bloom/Odysseus, Stephen/ Telemachus and Molly/Penelope – or approximate, as in the events of the poem. Famously, for instance, the myopic giant Cyclops is memorably transformed into a bigoted pub bore. Much of the joy in the novel is teasing out the numerous echoes of the ancient poem in the modern masterpiece.
Fred Haynes, London SE22
There are believed to be only seven plot-lines in fiction. Everything else is just an arrangement.
Jo Baker, Birmingham
It depends on which level you look at. Basically, most literary works are variations of sex and crime. Then there are several dozens of recurrent themes in world literature, such as adultery stories, forgotten passwords, kinky priests, lovers who cannot be together and so on. That already makes a lot of stories retold, albeit in different settings. And there are novels, plays and poems citing in their title earlier works, such as Antigone (notably by Bertolt Brecht and Jean Anouilh). On the other hand, Boccaccio's Decameron is a bonanza for later authors.
Roland Wittig, Freiberg, Germany
The Story of Edgar Sawtelle by David Wroblewski is pretty much a rewrite of Hamlet set in modern-day Wisconsin – with some dogs thrown in for good measure.
Steve Bound, St Albans, Herts
Almost every story ever written stems from folk tales and thus share themes, characters and plotlines.
Sophie Ward, Newcastle
Stephen Fry wrote that his The Stars' Tennis Balls was "a straight steal, virtually identical in all but period and style to Alexandre Dumas' The Count of Monte Cristo". Several characters' names are anagrams (eg Simon Cotter is an anagram of Monte Cristo) and this might therefore be considered a cover version.
Jeremy Miles, Los Angeles, US
If whatever wiped out the dinosaurs hadn't happened, what kind of lifeform would they have evolved into?
Never mind them, where would we be if dinosaurs had not been wiped out by a meteor? As Bill Bryson says in A Short History of Nearly Everything: "You might be a few centimetres long with whiskers and a tail and reading this in a burrow." Would our planet be in a better state? Probably.
Liz Hall, Condicote, Glos
It used to be going in a handcart, but now it's going by UPS.
Alex Ritchie, Salisbury, Wilts
Presumably because the way is downwards and a handcart has no brakes.
Henry Gillett, Purley, Surrey
Why a handcart? Because it needs human agency to push it there.
Diana Shelley, London N1
Apart from the alliteration, the expression seems to have a connection with medieval times. I understand that the west window of Fairford Church, Gloucestershire, dated to before 1517, bears an image of a blue devil bearing off a sinner to hell in a handcart.
During the Black Death (1348-50) and perhaps even before, the dead were often carried off en masse on carts and buried in unsanctified ground. Needless to say, it would be construed that the victims, dying suddenly with unconfessed sins on their consciences, and in view of the unsanctified ground usually reserved for suicides, were on their way to hell.
Terence Hollingworth, Blagnac, France
Can you ever overspend on a wedding?
No. This is the Happiest Day of Your Life. Also, don't forget it has been proven by "scientists" that the more money you spend on your wedding, the happier your marriage will be. Fact.
Keith Angus, London, N1
Yes, if the wedding bills aren't paid off before divorce papers are served.
Nigel Grinter, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, US
Er, isn't that what we all did, collectively, on 29 April?
Richard Humm, London E3
Any answers
Why do so many people live in the south of England when it is, frankly, not as good as almost every other region of the world?
Dan Ware, Stockport
What do I have to do to become a national treasure?
Ian Saville, London NW10
I use SPF15 moisturiser then SPF15 makeup. Do I have SPF30 protection?
Lynne Boon, Newcastle
Today's best video
Today in pictures
More from Notes and queries


text:
It's hard to keep tabs on your hardware temperature when you're immersed in the virtual world of gaming. So, to make life easier, gamers need to enable a hardware monitoring overlay to know how their device is performing internally.
If you're wondering how to check the CPU & GPU temp of your PC while gaming, you're in the right place.
Let's dive into this article as I have thoroughly discussed each step to enable in-game overlay to monitor CPU core temp.
How to Check CPU and GPU Temperature While Gaming
You can monitor CPU temperature while gaming by using the MSI Afterburner tool. Download & install it from their official website. Then run the app & click on Settings > Monitoring tab. Scroll down the graph menu to find CPU temperature. Select it & tick the box for Show in On-Screen Display. Now, hit Apply.
You can also enable other overlay options to see additional information like CPU usage, GPU temperature, RAM usage, FPS, etc. It's important to keep tabs on these stats as your computer might run into over-temperature errors or even shut down due to overheating.
Below, I have discussed the concise method to utilize MSI Afterburner's overlay feature. Don't skip over any steps.
Here's how to monitor CPU core temp while gaming:
- Head over to MSI's official site and download MSI Afterburner.
- Install the setup file and run the application.
- Click on the gears icon to open Settings.
- Go to the Monitoring tab.
- Scroll down and find CPU temperature from the Active hardware monitoring graph section.
- Select it and tick mark the Show in On-Screen Display.
- Do the same for other options as well, such as GPU temperature, GPU usage, RAM usage, etc.
- Click on Apply > OK.
- Click on the arrow icon on the taskbar and select RivaTunerStaticServer.
- Adjust the slider for On-Screen Display zoom to customize the overlay size.
- Minimize both RivaTuner and MSI Afterburner.
Now launch the game you wanna play, and you will be able to see the real-time CPU temperature at the top left corner of the screen. You can also customize the on-screen location of this overlay from RivaTuner.
If you don't see any active overlay, open MSI Afterburner again & go to Settings > On-Screen Display tab. Now, click on the Toggle On-Screen Display & press your preferred key, which will act as the overlay toggle switch. Click Apply > OK.
Then launch the game again & press the toggle key to enable overlay. In case you want to monitor other hardware stats and have enabled those graphs like GPU temperature, RAM usage, FPS, etc from the Afterburner, then you should get an overlay like the following image.
You should also know if these CPU temp readings can be wrong.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I check my CPU usage and FPS while gaming?
Windows users can utilize the built-in performance overlay to check the CPU usage and FPS while gaming. Press Windows Key+G to open Xbox Game Bar & click on the Performance tab.
How do I get CPU and GPU temp on my screen?
You can use the Geforce Experience overlay to get the CPU utilization and GPU temp on your screen. Additionally, third-party software, such as MSI Afterburner, is also a viable option for this purpose.
Does Nvidia have a CPU temp overlay?
Unfortunately, Nvidia's overlay doesn't show the CPU temperature of your device.
That's about it. Hopefully, this write-up has provided all the necessary steps to enable in-game overlay effortlessly.
Yet if you have any further queries on this topic, feel free to share your thoughts in the comment section below.


text:
New Zealand Mudsnail
Species and Origin: A tiny snail that reproduces asexually. Native to New Zealand, it was accidentally introduced with imported rainbow trout in Idaho in the 1980s and into the Great Lakes via ballast water from ocean going ships.
Impacts: Densities can reach 100,000 to 700,000 per square meter. They outcompete species that are important forage for native trout and other fishes and provide little nutrition to fish that eat them.
Status: First discovered in the late 1980s in the Snake, Idaho, and Madison Rivers, they quickly spread to other western rivers. They were discovered in Lake Ontario, and later in Thunder Bay, Lake Superior in 2001. In fall of 2005, they were discovered in the Duluth-Superior harbor. See US map.
Where to look: Look on docks, rocks, and other hard surfaces along the shorelines and bottoms of lakes, rivers, and streams.
Regulatory classification (agency): It is proposed as a prohibited invasive species (DNR), which means import, possession, transport, and introduction into the wild will be prohibited.
Means of spread: They likely spread by attaching to recreational fishing gear, other types of equipment placed in the water, or in fish shipments.
How can you help?
- Inspect and remove visible animals, plants, and mud from waders, recreational fishing equipment, research gear, and other field equipment.
- Rinse everything with 120° F water, or dry equipment for 5 days.
- Report suspected infestations.
(Information provided by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources)


text:
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2013)|
Franz Babinger (January 15, 1891 – June 23, 1967) was a well-known German orientalist and historian of the Ottoman Empire, best known for his biography of the great Ottoman emperor Mehmed II known as the Conqueror, originally published as Mehmed der Eroberer und seine Zeit. An English translation by Ralph Mannheim is available from Princeton University Press under the title Mehmed the Conqueror and his time.
Babinger was born in Weiden, Bavaria and was already an accomplished academic and linguist by the time he had completed his secondary school studies. Prior to starting University, he had already learned both Persian and Hebrew.
Babinger completed his doctoral studies at the University of Munich on the eve of World War I, whereafter he joined the German Army. Because of his language skills and abilities, Babinger served in the Middle East, thus avoiding the deadly trench warfare that cut short the lives of many promising scholars of his generation.
After the war, Babinger continued his studies at Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität in Berlin where he completed his Habilitationschrift in 1921 and became a Professor at the same institution. During this period, he published Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen und ihre Werke (Historians of the Ottoman Empire), which became the standard bibliographical review of Ottoman historiography and confirmed the reputation of Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität as a leading center for Near East studies. The rise of the Nazis to power in 1933 forced him to resign his position. However, the great Romanian statesman, academic and polymath Nicolae Iorga, himself a widely respected historian of the Ottoman Empire, invited Babinger to take up a position in Bucharest, which he held until he was ordered out of the country in 1943.
Babinger resumed his teaching career after the Second World War at the University of Munich in 1948 until his retirement in 1958. In 1957, he testified about German atrocities against Romanian Jews. He continued to work and publish actively until his accidental death by drowning in Albania on June 23, 1967.
In addition to his bibliographical work, Babinger published numerous articles and books on a wide variety of subjects. Babinger knew Turkish, Romanian and Arabic as well as the principal European languages, giving his work a scope and authority that had hitherto rarely been displayed in Near Eastern studies.
As a result of his reputation, his magnum opus Mehmed the Conqueror was published without any accompanying notes on source material at all, since the companion volume outlining his extensive and voluminous sources was sadly unfinished at the time of his death. As a result, Mehmed the Conqueror is one of the few academic works available with no cited sources and whose authority rests solely on the reputation of the author's research abilities. Critics like Prof. Halil Inalcik from the University of Ankara have said they were waiting for the author's promised second edition as stated in the preface of the book that would include the source material and bibliography; since such edition never saw the light, the students of the subject could easily recognize the source material, evidencing the use of biased bibliography exclusively.
In a testament to the outstanding breadth of that research, his papers and library were acquired in 1973 by the Near East Section of the University of Washington Libraries to complement their collection.
Principal Publications
- Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen und ihre Werke (1923)
- Mehmed der Eroberer und seine Zeit (1953)
- Dr. Prof. Halil Inalcik Review of MEHMED THE CONQUEROR (_PHONE_) AND HIS TIME (_URL_


text:
MHT File Photo
Carroll County Almshouse and Farm
500, South Center Street, Westminster, Carroll County
The Carroll County Farm Museum consists of a complex of 15 buildings including the main house and dependencies. Most of these are original; two, however, are new structures and two are rebuilt from old materials. The most prominent of the buildings is the 30-room brick main house, around which the others are arranged. Originally designed and constructed for use as the county alms house, it is a long, three-story, rectangular structure, nine bays wide at the first and second floor levels of both front and rear façades. The main entrance of both elevations is located in the fourth bay in from the west end; a centered door on the second floor levels opens onto what were once the galleried roofs of the one-story farm porches. The nine eyebrow windows just below the roof cornices frame casement sash of 2/2 panes; the remaining windows have flat arches and frame sash of 6/6 panes. The gable roof is covered with tin and a single flush chimney stands at each end of the ridge. Centered on the roof is a simple frame cupola sheltering a farm bell. A separate building set at a right angle to the main house now houses the original summer kitchen, wash room, and baking room, and may have once housed farm and domestic help. It is a two-story brick structure containing 14 rooms and has a recessed two-story galleried porch across its west side, the last regionally characteristic architectural feature. In addition to these two buildings, there is also a brick, one-story dairy with a pyramidal roof dominated by a pointed finial of exaggerated height with Victorian Gothic "icing" decorating the eaves; a large frame and dressed stone bank barn of excellent quality and one of the better examples of its era and type in the region. a blacksmith's shop, springhouse, smokehouse, icehouse, and numerous other sheds and dependencies of various and sundry types, all in good repair and all used as a part of the working farm museum activities.
The Carroll County Farm Museum's significance is twofold; the preservation of the original Carroll County Almshouse founded in 1852 and the creation of the Farm Museum established in 1965 as a tribute to the great agricultural heritage of the County and the State of Maryland and as a monument to those early pioneers who created this great enterprise. The Museum is a working farm with many fine buildings that rank among central and western Maryland's best examples of pre-Civil War farm architecture. Each of the farm outbuildings has been utilized to display antique tools, and vehicles or to demonstrate crafts of yesteryear. With the exception of the log cabin, the museum remains much as it did in the 1850 period.


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Contributor
What is backup and snapshot and difference between them?
hi,
What is a backup and snapshot? How to use them and difference between them?
When should we use backup and snapshot?
3 Replies
Advisor
Snapshot Management
The snapshot creates a binary image of the entire root (lv_current) disk partition. This includes Check Point products, configuration, and operating system.
The log partition is not included in the snapshot. Therefore, any locally stored FireWall logs will not be saved.
System Backup (and System Restore)
System Backup can be used to backup current system configuration. A backup creates a compressed file that contains the Check Point configuration including the networking and operating system parameters, such as routing and interface configuration etc., but unlike a snapshot, it does not include the operating system, product binaries, and hotfixes.
Save Configuration (and Load Configuration)
Allows saving Gaia OS configuration settings as a ready-to-run CLI script. This allows you review your current setup and quickly restore the Gaia OS configuration.
Recommended backup plan
For complete backup of the system and maximum confidence, Check Points recommends combining all three methods as part of the backup plan (Snapshot Management, System Backup/Restore, Save/Load Configuration). This will allow multiple restore points, redundancy and reliability of overall restore procedure.
Collect:
 - Snapshot - after a fresh installation, before an upgrade, and before a hotfix installation.
 - Scheduled Backup - monthly or weekly, depending how frequently you perform changes in your configuration and policy
You can find find more information from Best Practices - Backup on Gaia OS
Contributor
Hey, thanks for the explanation. So, after going through the article is it Okay to say that Backup is a subset/part of a Snapshot. Means Snapshot is much wider than backup? Please correct me if i am wrong.
0 Kudos
Reply
Advisor
Yes.
Backup is only configurations. Snapshot is much wider backup.
Also You can schedule System Backup. But cannot schedule Snapshot Smiley Happy


92062 2018-10-10 Long-wave Infrared Detectors for the Planetary Infrared Spectrometers Completed Sep 2015 Sep 2016
Understanding the role of primitive bodies as building blocks for planets and life are key targets for space exploration. Chemical and mineralogical characterizations are critical components of this exploration. Infrared spectrometers provide a new spectroscopic capability to interrogate the feature-rich region of long-wave infrared. The objective of this work was to develop high performance in house long-wave barrier (8 μm) infrared (LWIR) detectors tailored for the use in planetary spectrometers for characterization of primitive bodies.

Currently, the major impediment for long wavelength instrumentation is the availability of sensitive detectors that can cover the region of interest – wavelengths up to approximately 7.5 μm (or wavenumbers less than ≈ 1330 cm1). Long-wave limits of current and recent spectrometers are 3 μm (M3), 3.92 μm (CRISM), and 5.1 μm (VIMS). While useful for hydrides (and nitriles, CO, and CO2 for VIMS), these limited ranges are unsuitable for detection and characterization of most molecules and minerals of planetary interest and especially organic molecules. As an example, while the C-H stretch band in the 3-μm region can indicate the presence of hydrocarbons, this band is not indicative of the type of chemical or functional group, i. e. alcohols, organic acids, esters, etc. Identification of these molecules requires information from other (and stronger) transitions occurring at longer wavelengths. Detection of such spectra in remote-sensing or in situ applications often requires high sensitivity long-IR detectors, particularly for diffusely reflected sunlight in outer solar system measurements. The high-quality detectors generally required for space and astronomical detectors were originally developed for the military, with the cut-off wavelengths chosen to match spectral transmission windows of the Earth’s atmosphere (below 5 μm for mid-IR and above 10 μm for long-IR regions). Consequently, detectors with cut-off wavelengths between 5 and 10 μm have never been produced in quantity and are not available except expensive custom items (multi million dollars) by external vendors. The unknown detector performance of external vendors such as environmental/planet radiation increases the risk of using detectors from external providers and increases the instrument cost to verify these components under these conditions. Therefore, the costs of such detectors are in the millions of dollar range with lead times longer than one year. This is a major driver in the overall cost of spectroscopic planetary instruments and poses a significant risk to the timely and successful delivery of the instruments. Therefore, the development of an in-house detector capability at the target 8 μm wavelength with a route towards integration into planetary spectrometers takes away the risk and cost associated with external vendors and will make JPL’s planetary instruments extremely competitive.

Flight requirement testing (radiation, and thermal cycling) raises the TRL level of in house barrier infrared detector technology and paves the way for infusion of this technology into future JPL/NASA instruments. This takes away the dependence of NASA/JPL instruments on expensive, custom-made, high risk and long lead time external detector vendors.

Flight qualifying in house detectors takes away the dependence of NASA/JPL instruments on expensive, custom-made, high risk and long lead time external detector vendors

This technology project will demonstrate & validate a reliable, capable, and cost effective infrared detector and focal plane array technology that can be used for commercial space ventures.

This technology project will demonstrate & validate a reliable, capable, and cost effective infrared detector and focal plane array technology that can be used on partnerships with other government agencies.
 2 3 4 3246 8 Science Instruments, Observatories, and Sensor Systems 3299 8.1 Remote Sensing Instruments and Sensors 3817 8.1.1 Detectors and Focal Planes Center Independent Research & Development: JPL IRAD Mission Support Directorate Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL NASA Center Pasadena CA California Fred Hadaegh Arezou Khoshakhlagh Robert Carlson Sarath Gunapala Kevin Hand 34382 Long-wave Infrared Detectors for the Planetary Infrared Spectrometers Project Image Image Project Image Spectral measurements of Antarctic endolithic lichen community. The image at left shows a cross section of Beacon sandstone from Battleship Promontory, Antarctica. The white zone, containing a black fungus and greenish algae, is bleached by lichen-produced oxalic acid. The middle panel shows spectra 26091 _URL_ 163389


text:
Alf Torp (September 27, 1853 – September 26, 1916) was a Norwegian philologist and author. He is most known for his work with Indo-European and Nordic language history and meaning of ancient languages.
Alf Torp was born in Stryn, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. He became cand. philol. in 1877 at the Bergen Cathedral School. He was a student of Sophus Bugge, and during a stay in Leipzig in 1878-80 a student of Georg Curtius and Ernst Windisch. In 1881 he got his doctorate at the University of Leipzig with the dissertation Die Flexion des Pali in ihrem Verhältnis zum Sanskrit.
He taught at the University of Oslo from 1883 and in 1894 he became professor in Sanskrit and comparative linguistics. He published numerous papers about the inscriptions in various languages including Etruscan, Phrygian, Venetic, Lycian and Hittite. In 1905, he was appointed Knight of 1 Class of Order of St. Olav 1905
Among many other works, in 1903-06 he published Etymologisk ordbog over det norske og det danske sprog (Etymological dictionary of the Norwegian and Danish languages) together with Norwegian linguist, Hjalmar Falk (_PHONE_). It was the only Norwegian etymological dictionary for nearly a hundred years, until it was replaced in 2000 Våre arveord - etymologisk ordbok by Harald Bjorvand and Fredrik Otto Lindeman.
- Die Flexion des Pali in ihrem Verhältnis zum Sanskrit, 1881
- Vokal- og Konsonantstammer, 1889
- Zu den phrygischen Inschriften aus römischer Zeit, 1894
- Zum Phrygischen, 1896
- Indogermanische Forschungen, 1897
- Etruskische Monatsdaten, 1902
- Bemerkungen zu der etruskischen Inschrift von S. Maria di Capua, 1905
- Gamalnorsk ordavleiding, 1909
- Nynorsk etymologisk ordbok, 1919


Sydney, Australia
The purposes for which the Chapter was formed are:
 1. to provide a forum where Australian technical communicators can discuss their work;
 2. to adopt strategies that support active participation by members, irrespective of their location throughout Australia
 3. to promote industry and public awareness about technical communications and technical communicators within Australia;
 4. to provide services for Australian technical communicators in the form of meetings, publications, seminars and conferences;
 5. to assist in establishing and maintaining high standards of technical communication;
 6. to engage in research, education, and publishing activities designed to advance the theory and practice of technical communication;
 7. to guide and inform students and to aid educational institutions in the establishment of curricula for training in technical communication;
 8. to operate within the rules and guidelines established by the Society of Technical Communicators (Inc).
 9. to establish and maintain liaison with other organizations in all matters affecting technical communicators as a group;
 10. to do everything necessary and proper in connection with or incidental to the above purposes.
(Taken from the Chapter's Constitution)
 - Name: April Weiss


To list or set parameter set type → counter mappings, use the following rhino-console commands.
listsnmpcountermappings
Command
listsnmpcountermappings [parameter set type name]
 Description
 Lists the current Parameter Set Type + Counter Name -> Index mappings. If a
 parameter set type name is specified, then only the mappings associated with
 that parameter set type are listed, otherwise all mappings are listed.
What it does
Lists the current Parameter Set Type + Counter Name to Index mappings used to represent SNMP statistics from each parameter set. Includes three columns of information:
 - the parameter set type name
 - the index assigned to the counter
 - the counter name within the parameter set type.
Example
[Rhino@localhost (#20)] listsnmpcountermappings Transactions
Counter Mappings
================
Transactions 2 active
Transactions 3 committed
Transactions 4 rolledBack
Transactions 5 started
setsnmpcountermapping
Command
setsnmpcountermapping [-namespace] <parameter set type name> <counter name>
<-index <index>|-auto|-none>
 Description
 Sets or clears the index used for the specified parameter set type and counter.
 The -index option sets the mapping to a specific index, while the -auto option
 auto-assigns an available index. The -none option clears any existing mapping.
Note If the parameter set type has default pre-defined counter mapping, -auto will set the counter mapping to the pre-defined value. Otherwise, it will set to an auto-generated value.
What it does
Sets or clears SNMP counter mappings.
Example
[Rhino@localhost (#22)] setsnmpcountermapping Services activeRootSbbs 3
SNMP counter mapping for activeRootSbbs set to 3
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Rhino Version 3.0.0


text:
Dye synthesis in nothing but water instead of toxic solvents – researchers at TU Wien develop a highly efficient and environmentally friendly synthesis for organic pigments.
Perylene bisimides are a heavily investigated and sought after class of organic pigments, since they show interesting dye properties. While these compounds are red pigments in the solid state, when dissolved, they generate bright yellowish-green solutions under UV irradiation. Aside their optical appeal; organic molecules that appear colored in daylight often also show intriguing electronic properties. Therefore, organic dyes are promising lightweight materials for application as e.g. organic semiconductors, but also in for instance LCD displays or solar cells.
Rethinking a complex chemical synthesis
The laboratory of Dr. Miriam M. Unterlass at the Institute of Materials Chemistry at TU Wien has just reported the synthesis of more than 20 different perylene bisimide dyes. This is not impressive per se. The way they prepare these compounds is though: Conventionally, perylene bisimides are generated in highly toxic solvents and employing toxic and expensive catalysts. Moreover, classical reactions towards these dyes require an important excess of the starting compounds. Finally, tedious purification is necessary for obtaining dye products of sufficient purity. All in all, the conventional route is a complex chemical synthesis. "In our approach, we are using the starting compounds in a 1:1 ratio, i.e. without an excess of reactants. The starting compounds are dispersed in water inside a closed reactor. Then the mixture is heated to 200?C and increased pressure is generated", explains Dr. Unterlass. "In fact, the reactor basically works like a pressure cooker." Such reactions in hot water under pressure are called hydrothermal syntheses. After the reaction has completed, the final perylene bisimide dyes are obtained with high purity, thus removing the necessity for tedious purification. For actual electronic applications, perylene bisimdes are mostly implemented by device engineers and physicists, who often do not have access to chemical laboratories. The novel hydrothermal synthesis bears the potential of enabling an easy access to these materials – an important step towards realistic application.
From big molecules to small molecules
Previously, Miriam Unterlass' team had developed a novel process for high-performance polymers, which equally takes place in hot water. The hydrothermal synthesis of perylene bisimide dyes now shows for the first time that small molecules can also be generated "in the pressure cooker". The order of developments is rather untypical. Normally, novel synthetic pathways are first developed for small molecules – which are often easier to conceive – and later transposed to polymers, i.e. "big molecules". Despite their small size, the hydrothermal synthesis was however very challenging. For perylene bisimides. They are very apolar, which means that they do not like water – at room temperature. By heating the water to increased temperatures, this challenge can however be met. The hydrothermal synthesis of perylene bisimides is highly efficient and environmentally friendly, and has just been published in the journal Chemical Communications.
Learn more: Fluorescence Dyes from the Pressure Cooker
Receive an email update when we add a new FLOURESCENCE DYES article.
The Latest on: Organic fluorescence dyes
via Google News
The Latest on: Organic fluorescence dyes
- Marvel at This Glittering 'Galaxy' Inside a Fly's Testicles on February 18, 2019 at 1:10 am
He stained the testes of a dissected fruit fly with fluorescent dye to illuminate the organs' structures ... and astrophysics appear in the American Museum of Natural History, on YouTube, and in museu... […]
- The ultra-photostable and electrically modulated Stimulated Emission in perylene-based dye doped liquid crystal on February 15, 2019 at 4:41 am
One of the most important drawback of organic dyes is their low photo-stability which reduces ... The photoluminescence measurements were carried out using the Hitachi F-4500 fluorescence spectrophoto... […]
- Chemists develop a new eco-friendly material for waste water purification on February 12, 2019 at 7:22 am
Such organic dyes as methylene blue ... Methyl orange was deactivated in just one minute, and a stable fluorescent dye called rhodamine 6G neutralized in several minutes. Moreover, the new ... […]
- On Target Laboratories Announces Amendment to Ongoing Phase 3 Trial Expanding Camera System Compatibility on February 12, 2019 at 5:28 am
The Quest Spectrum ® Platform captures natural and fluorescent light images simultaneously ... develops and commercializes small molecules that, when conjugated with fluorescent dyes, target and illum... […]
- Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Paper on February 12, 2019 at 2:46 am
Fluorescent brightening agents (FBA ... Through the addition of a second solid-state organic laser dye such as Coumarin 307, or by using dye containing highlighter pens, the emission line can be shift... […]
- Global Pigments and Dyes Market to 2022 - Enabling Efficient Color Solutions with Wide Applicability on January 16, 2019 at 3:01 am
Fluorescent Brighteners, & Other Dyes) Inorganic Pigments (Titanium Dioxide, Iron Oxides, & Other Inorganic Pigments) Organic Pigments. Also, the report analyzes the global and regional markets in ter... […]
- Global Pigments and Dyes Industry on January 15, 2019 at 3:26 pm
Fluorescent Brighteners, & Other Dyes), Inorganic Pigments (Titanium Dioxide, Iron Oxides, & Other Inorganic Pigments), and Organic Pigments. Also, the report analyzes the global and regional markets ... […]
- Fluorescent organic nanoparticles help illuminate cellular proteins on March 7, 2018 at 4:00 pm
For fluorescent particles, scientists can currently choose between organic fluorescent dyes and inorganic quantum dots, both of which have shortcomings. Organic fluorescent dyes wear out easily from t... […]
- Fluorescent dye could highlight 99 percent of hidden ocean microplastics on November 26, 2017 at 7:41 pm
a type of fluorescent dye, will bind to plastic particles floating in water. These plastic particles are then illuminated when viewed through a fluorescence microscope, enabling scientists to tell the... […]
via Bing News


Now allow multiple plugins to handle (add links for) a single attachment MIME type
[squirrelmail.git] / doc / translating_help.txt
36c24f4f 1Translating the help files.
36c24f4f 3
4I have tried to write the help files in plain english with good grammer.
390372b4 5Since English is not my strong point you probably can't tell, but I hope it
36c24f4f 7
1e63b430 8The help files, at this point, are divided into functional areas. Each.hlp
efb05555 9file represents a different functional block of how the program looks to the
36c24f4f 11
1e63b430 12Hopefully as SquirrelMail gets more widely used, non-english translations will
efb05555 13be used to make other non-english translations. You might want to keep this
14in mind when writing yours. Remember that these will be used all over the
15world and in many different environments so local language dialects might
16confuse someone else.
36c24f4f 17
390372b4 18File Structure
efb05555 21All translated files should be placed under the help directory. Under the
1e63b430 22help directory create another directory. This directory MUST be named in the
efb05555 23two letter standard abbreviation for the language. English is "en" and Polish
24would be "pl" for example.
390372b4 25
26The help files are written in a basic xml format. Don't worry, XML isn't hard
28For these help files, the tags must be on their own line like this:
29
30 Value for this tag
31
1e63b430 35Inside each of these tags, there can be any combination of any of the following
390372b4 36tags: , , . Here is an example:
38 |
39 The title can only |
40 be one line long | My first chapter
41 |
42 Summary may be many |
43 lines, but is short | Just a brief summary
44 |
45 |
46 Description can be | This is a more detailed description that
47 very long. It is | can span many lines. Usually this is the
48 the main part of | bulk of the help section or chapter description.
49 the help section. |
50 |
1e63b430 56To translate, just copy all the.hlp files from help/en into the new directory
390372b4 57that you created for this language (i.e. help/pl). You only need to translate
1e63b430 58what is between the tags. Do not translate the actual tags such as
390372b4 59or . The tag names need to remain in English. You should only translate
f4991a86 60the text between tags.
390372b4 61
63a link. If you see any of these tags, just leave them and don't translate
64them either. Only what is contained inside them if needed.
66That should be all!!


Key referencing
Updated 19 days ago by Nick Ustinov
Using Lokalise placeholder
There are many cases when you have similar content in multiple strings, for example "Cancel" is one of the common examples. Usually projects have many keys for the Cancel button (as the translation may vary depending on the context for different languages).
You can easily solve this by linking or referencing one key from another. Use Lokalise placeholder to do this:
[%key:source_key_name%]
Inserting this placeholder would actually fetch source_key_name value for specific language (in the editor and when exporting). Even more, you can use placeholder inside the text, or use multiple placeholders in the same field:
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text:
The relationship between stem-form, stand-closure and site -conditions : the influence of environmental conditions on tree allometry and forest structure in west-central Alberta
Jaques, Kathleen E.
MetadataShow full item record
Changes in the configuration of a tree stern result insignificant differences in its total volume and in the proportion of that volume that is merchantable timber. Tree allometry, as represented by stem-fo~, is the result of the vertical force of gravity and the horizontal force of wind. The effect of wind force is demonstrated in the relationship between stem-form, standclosure and site-conditions. An increase in wind force on the individual tree due to a decrease in stand density should produce a more tapered tree. The density of the stand is determined by the conditions that the trees are growing under. The ability of the tree to respond to increased wind force may also be a function of these conditions. This stem-form/stand-closure/site-conditions relationship was examined using a pre-existing database from westcentral Alberta. This database consisted of environmental, vegetation, soils and timber data covering a wide range of sites. There were 653 sample trees with 82 variables that formed the basis of the analysis. There were eight tree species consisting of Pinus contorta, Picea mariana, Picea engelmannii x glauca, Abies lasiocarpa, Larix laricina, Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera and Populus balsamifera plus a comprehensive all-species data set. As the actual conformation of the stern is very individual, stem-fo~was represented by the diameter at breast height to total height r~tio. The four stand-closure variables, crown closure, total basal area, total volume and total number of stems were reduced to total basal area and total number of stems utilizing a bivariate correlation matrix by species. Site-conditions were subdivided into macro, meso and micro variables and reduced in number 3 using cross-tabulations, bivariate correlation and principal components analysis as screening tools. The stem-fo~/stand-closure relationship was examined using bivariate correlation coefficients for stem-fo~ with total number of stems and stem-fo~ with total basal area. The stem-fo~/site-conditions and the stand-closure/siteconditions relationships were examined using multiple correlation coefficients. The stem-form/stand-closure/site-conditions relationship was examined using multiple correlation coefficients in separate analyses for both total number of stems and total basal area. An increase in stand-closure produced a decrease in stem-form for both total number of stems and total basal area for most species. There was a significant relationship between stem-form and site-conditions and between stand-closure and site-conditions for both total number of stems and total basal area for most species. There was a significant relationship between the stemform and site-conditions, including the stand-closure, for most species; total number of stems was involved independently of the site-conditions in the prediction of stem-form and total basal area was not. Larix laricina and Betula papyrifera were the exceptions to the trends observed with most species. The influence of both stand-closure (total number of stems in particular) and site-conditions (elevation in particular) suggest that forest management practices should include theseecological parameters in determining appropriate restocking levels.


Ace: It's dangerous to go alone! Take this
Mac the cat examining the Aces
Have you ever felt a spark of excitement when you begin something new? Maybe you felt that way when you began learning tarot, or starting a new relationship or career path. The Ace cards represent a new start, planting a seed, potential. They're similar to the energy of The Fool, there's a journey ahead.
There is so much possibility in the Aces. You can see a hand reaching out, offering the element to you like a gift. It's exciting but also in a way, it leaves you with a lot of responsibility. What do you want to do with this wand, cup, sword, or pentacle that you are being handed? Each element rules a different part of life.
Ace of Wands
The wands suit is all about that fire burning inside you. What gets you going, motivates you. The Ace of Wands asks you to say yes to whatever that passion is. Wands represent the element of fire, so be careful to control that flame and don't let it consume you. Light that wand and let it guide you. If you pull this card, think about what inspires you. Journal or meditate ways in which you can use passion and power to begin a new project, or maybe come back to something you've neglected.
Ace of Cups
The Cups suit rules water. It's all about emotion and intuition. Again, this card represents new starts, but those related to relationships, love, and feelings. Think of it as an opportunity for emotional growth. Maybe you're starting therapy, or confronting a trauma for the first time. Don't be afraid to dive deep, but remember not to wallow. The cup in the imagery is overflowing, and of course those feelings can be positive, but it's equally possible to be drowned in negative emotion. If you pull this card, be receptive to change and open your heart.
Ace of Swords
The suit of Swords rules air and deals with some difficult parts of life. But the Ace is all about piercing through illusion and being perceptive. It's about using your intellect to find new perspectives. Studying, teaching, writing, planning, these are all great ways to use the Ace of Swords. Think of the potential of a sword. You can use one to be a hero and save the world, or you can use it to hurt and oppress others. The element of air is often associated with communication, so think about the ways you use your words. Are they sharp and cruel, or truthful and fair. You have the choice of how you use this power.
Ace of Pentacles
Pentacles is earthy and grounded. It's about nature, work, abundance, and stability. It's much more practical than some of the other elements. Rather than jumping in without thinking, this Ace asks you to think about how you can build your best life. It can seem mundane, but it can represent things like getting a new home or job, being able to provide for yourself. It can be a long and arduous journey, so if you pull this card, be patient and focus on hard work. Think of gardening, where you plant a seed and watch it grow for many months before it bears fruit.
One thought on "Ace: It's dangerous to go alone! Take this
 1. Thanks a lot for the lessons! It's super nice learning without talk of the supernatural. As a beginner, that there are other people interested in the tarot for introspection/meditation only means a lot.
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Object linking/extending
Is it possible to have some information from one object, and the rest from
another. Logically:
uid=foo, o=People, o=general
cn=John Hodrien
uid=foo, o=People, o=LinuxUsers
and link those objects such that the attributes from the first object are
pulled across to the second object on a query? Or can you point me in a
direction that I should look into as an alternative?
Cheers muchly,
 -- Anon.


text:
Garudasana (Eagle Pose)
The name comes from the Sanskrit words garuda meaning "eagle", and asana (आसन) meaning "posture" or "seat"
In Hindu mythology Garuda is known as the king of birds. He transports the God Vishnu and is eager to help humanity fight against demons. The word is usually rendered into English as "eagle," though according to one dictionary the name literally means "devourer," because Garuda was originally identified with the "all-consuming fire of the sun's rays"
Garuda = eagle, the name of Vishnu's vehicle.
In most, if not all, the other poses here, the shoulder blades are connecting into the back in some form or the other. This is the one variation in which the shoulder blades are broadening away from the spine (protracting). This is an important range of motion to develop, as it will loosen up the rhomboids and muscles of the upper back.
Practice of Garudasana
- Stand in Tadasana. Bend your knees slightly, lift your left foot up and, balancing on your right foot, cross your left thigh over the right. Point your left toes toward the floor, press the foot back, and then hook the top of the foot behind the lower right calf. Balance on the right foot.
- Stretch your arms straight forward, parallel to the floor, and spread your scapulas wide across the back of your torso. Cross the arms in front of your torso so that the right arm is above the left, then bend your elbows. Snug the right elbow into the crook of the left, and raise the forearms perpendicular to the floor. The backs of your hands should be facing each other.
- Press the right hand to the right and the left hand to the left, so that the palms are now facing each other. The thumb of the right hand should pass in front of the little finger of the left. Now press the palms together (as much as is possible for you), lift your elbows up, and stretch the fingers toward the ceiling.
- Stay for 15 to 30 seconds, then unwind the legs and arms and stand in Tadasana again. Repeat for the same length of time with the arms and legs reversed.
Benefits Garudasana (Eagle Pose)
- Strengthens and stretches the ankles and calves
- Stretches the thighs, hips, shoulders, and upper back
- Improves concentration
- Improves sense of balance
- It is useful for removing urinary problems.
- It is helpful for kidney and prostate diseases.
- Garudasana benefits you to reduce pain related to hands & legs.


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The title pretty much sums it up - but let me give a little bit of background first.
In the p-local stable homotopy category (basically one localizes away the torsion spectra which are not p-torsion) the Morava K-theories are a non-negative integer indexed family of spectra (morally they are residue objects or "homological fibre functors") which classify the thick subcategories of SH^{(fin)_p the p-local stable homotopy category of finite spectra. This classification assigns to each p-local finite spectrum a type (namely the smallest thick subcategory it occurs in).
As far as I know the only definitions of type are directly in this way via the Morava K-theories or in terms of periodic self maps which are still really in terms of Morava K-theory.
Is there a more "constructive" definition of type? For instance can one determine the type of a p-local finite spectrum in terms of how bad the obstruction to it generating the whole of SH^{(fin}}_p is? Really I would be happy with any answer which was somewhat more constructive or to find out that the question is open/ridiculous.
Now let me explain somewhat the motivation for this question and how it came about. One can view the Morava K-theories (as I mentioned above) as residue objects/homological fibre functors (the term homological fibre functor has less algebraic geometry bias and sounds cooler) in the sense that their behaviour is analogous to residue fields of points in the derived category of quasi-coherent modules on a scheme (to be safe one should really take the derived category of O_X-modules with quasi-coherent cohomology) and with \kappa-modules in modular representation theory. Namely they all give tensor functors to some flavour of graded vector space category which classify thick subcategories.
The mod n Moore spectra are 'Koszul objects' which we want to view as analogues of the usual Koszul complexes on a scheme and of Carlson modules in modular rep theory. In other words a Koszul object is a cone on some (possibly graded and maybe also twisted) element of the endomorphism ring of the tensor unit of our category.
Now one can associate some geometry to a biexact tensor product (by biexact tensor product I mean symmetric monoidal structure which is exact in each variable, there are no decency assumptions or extra axioms regarding compatibility with the triangulation required) on an essentially small triangulated category. It is possible to cook up a locally ringed space associated to such a category with tensor product (this is work of Paul Balmer). In the two algebraic cases, derived categories of schemes and stable categories in modular rep theory, one gets (with some mild hypothesis in the algebraic geometry case) back the scheme or recovers the projective support variety. This comes down in some sense to the fact that the Koszul objects determine the topology, or equivalently that they determine the thick subcategories in some sense.
This fails for the stable homotopy category of finite spectra (both globally and p-locally). The mod n Moore spectra are not enough - one needs the Morava K-theories. The locally ringed space one gets is not a scheme (nor an algebraic space). One can then ask if there is some "global" reason that this happens (even though it is not at all a surprise) other than the fact that the Morava K-theories are just there generating subcategories p-locally. This is motivated partially by trying to understand the failure of a certain comparison map to be injective (which I didn't mention - it would be interesting to have a good criterion for its injectivity and I currently only have quite hard to check ones) and to try to get some feel for what properties can cause the associated locally ringed space to fail to be algebraic (one really needs more examples computed for this and I haven't found the time yet unfortunately).
So basically I feel that if there were some definition of type that made clear the failure to be able to reduce the type by taking triangles and suspensions (or something other than just the residue objects being there) it might be quite enlightening. In particular, in general one wouldn't expect to produce an algebraic gadget from a topological triangulated category (in the sense of Schwede ). That is why I mentioned the extension problem as if topologicalness provided some global obstruction to Koszul objects being enough that would be very interesting.
That got very long - I hope it is interesting/useful.
share|cite|improve this question
I am sufficiently interested! Tell us more please, while we wait for an answer... – Peter Arndt Oct 25 '09 at 21:45
I'll edit in some more details later tonight when I get a chance. – Greg Stevenson Oct 26 '09 at 1:47
Would some kind of definition of type in terms of Smith-Toda complexes or generalized Moore spectra be more in line with what you are thinking about? – Tyler Lawson Oct 26 '09 at 11:59
I'll check it out and let you know (I'll also have a look at the orange book). Thanks for the responses. – Greg Stevenson Oct 26 '09 at 23:04
2 Answers 2
My theory on this, which could be wrong, is that if the stable homotopy of the sphere (whatever the words "sphere" and "stable homotopy" mean in your situation) is Noetherian commutative, then type should be determined by prime ideals in the stable homotopy of the sphere.
For example
 1. D(R). Stable homotopy is homology, sphere is R. If R is Noetherian commutative, the type of X is determined by ann H_* X. This is the Hopkins thick subcategory theorem.
 2. Stmod(kG). This one is a little confusing, because stable homotopy is really Tate cohomology, which is never Noetherian. But group cohomology is Noetherian, and Stmod(kG) is just a localization of D(kG). The sphere is k. So we should expect the type of M to be determined by ann [k,M] in D(kG), which is something like the Benson-Carlson-Rickard theorem.
 3. Stable homotopy category. Here the homotopy of the sphere is far, far from Noetherian, so you cannot expect the type to be determined by the homotopy of the sphere. There are "embedded primes"; prime ideals in the category not visible in the homotopy of the sphere. You kill p, and a new prime ideal pops up that was not previously visible.
share|cite|improve this answer
Thanks Mark, this is interesting. I have mostly thought about prime tensor ideals rather than all thick subcategories - in this case one does not need R noetherian for perfect complexes to have the right tensor ideal spectrum (although the direct proof I have reduces to the noetherian case). It is interesting that you point out that annihilators determine type; I can prove that there is a condition on annihilators which guarantees the spectrum lives inside an affine scheme. My probably naive hope is that one can somehow understand this failure explicitly for non-algebraic categories. – Greg Stevenson Nov 14 '09 at 3:15
By applying the thick subcategory theorem you can come up with lots of new definitions of "type", but it is somewhat unsatisfying because the fact that any of them are equivalent is very non-obvious. You can steal several from Ravenel's orange book. These include conditions like conditions on MU-homology or BP-homology of X that lift conditions on the K(n)-homology, or conditions on what kinds of endomorphisms exist in the (center of the) graded endomorphism ring of X, or conditions on the thick subcategory of the p-local stable homotopy category that X generates (it generates all spectra of type >= n), or on the slope of the smallest vanishing line of the Adams spectral sequence computing the homotopy groups of X, etc, etc.
I'm not sure what you mean by the potential factorizations you propose. For example, a spectrum Y of type greater than zero is annihilated by some power of p, and so any map from X factors through a cone X/p^n, and there are further factorizations through cones beyond that. However, to define what I mean by these further cones I need to say something about what a type-n self-map is in the first plane, and I'm not sure how to do that from first principles.
I hope to see more details and if I can say something more specific then I'll try.
share|cite|improve this answer
I wasn't very clear about the factorizations (and I am still not in the edited version but I did include a reference) - but as an example of what I mean the mod 3 Moore spectrum S/3 is killed by 3 so we get for X-> S/3 a factorization via X/3. But even though it is 3 torsion it is not true necessarily that the cone on X/3 -> S/3 is still annihilated by 3 - one needs to take a higher power. This sort of thing can't happen in algebraic categories and I wondered (although sort of doubt) if it could be related. – Greg Stevenson Oct 26 '09 at 10:00
Your Answer


text:
Former Golden Rock Plantation: SECAR discovers 18th-century burial ground during excavation
The Public Entity St Eustatius and St. Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research (SECAR) confirm that an 18th- century burial ground has been found at the Golden Rock 2021 site. It is premature to say if the bodies are those of formerly enslaved persons, however most have been identified as having African features.
Twelve skeletons have been discovered to date, Thursday, May 6th 2021. More are expected to lie in this burial ground. All of these remains have been found in unmarked and unmapped locations. "It is imperative that the remains are excavated and removed from the site. We do this in order to process, conserve, analyze and eventually rebury these people in a proper and respectful way," says GR2021 Director, Ruud Stelten. "If the burial grounds contain the estimated number of graves which we anticipate, this site will be one of the largest rural burial grounds to be fully excavated in the Caribbean," adds Ruud Stelten.
It is currently not possible to determine if the discovered remains were actual enslaved persons or freed persons of African descent. The archaeologists continue to research carefully and hope to be able to determine the social status of the persons in the burial grounds. The majority of the burials have some remains of coffin, coffin nails and objects which were buried with these people. This indicates that the deceased persons were treated with care and respect.
GR2021 also has a forensic archaeologist on the team. If an intact skull is discovered, she can make a digital facial reconstruction of the buried person.
Former Statian archaeologist Joost Morsink, who is responsible for the Amerindian settlement portion of GR2021, has stated that no human remains have been found to date during this dig, but has unearthed many interesting clues as to how the Amerindians lived in the 7th to 9th century AD.
Multiple archaeological features and artifacts appeared during the test trench phase. These were indicative of a settlement which is projected to be the area of the slave quarters of the former Golden Rock Plantation. It is in this precise area that burials have been found. The remains and all the artifacts which are being found, will be stored in a secured climate-controlled environment. This is particularly important for the archaeological remains as their DNA will be analyzed.
A cooperation has been set up with several prominent universities around the world to analyze the remains in order to learn more about the lives of the buried people. Stable isotope analysis can inform us of peoples' diets and whether they were born on Statia. DNA analysis can tell us where in Africa these people came from. Through protein studies it is also possible to discover what diseases they suffered from and what eventually took their lives.
In September 2020 the Public Entity St. Eustatius requested SECAR to perform test trenches in a high archaeological expectancy area. The dirt and sand located in this area are intended to be used for ongoing projects carried out by the Environment, Nature and Infrastructure directorate (ENI). This area will also be used for future airport expansion projects.
The Amerindian settlement which is nearby and part of GR2021, has not revealed any human remains during this dig but has unearthed many interesting clues as to how the Amerindians lived in the 7th to 9th century AD.
The Public Entity is pleased that so many specialists have come to Statia in order to assist SECAR. "Thanks to the protocol of testing sensitive areas before digging, these findings have been saved from being destroyed and the stories which are emerging about the island's history and heritage are fascinating," says Natasha Radjouki, Program Manager of the Culture Department of the Public Entity.
On Wednesday, May 5th 2021, members of the Island Council were briefed by Acting Government Commissioner Alida Francis and Ruud Stelten of SECAR on the significance of this archaeological excavation.


Diphallia: When men are born with two penises
This condition is one that you could guess if you really thought about the Latin name. Some men are born with two distinct penises. Although the condition is extremely rare, doctors know exactly why it occurs. Learn about this rare, but regular medical phenomenon.
The first case of diphallia was reported by a physician in 1609, and since then it has been reported regularly, though not very often, in all countries and all nationalities. It's one of the traits that doesn't seem to run in families. Diphallia can come with spinal and renal problems, most cases of diphallia are otherwise healthy at birth. (Although the condition is associated with infections and renal problems due to diphallic men having a more complicated urological system.)
Although there have only been about a hundred cases since 1609, doctors do know what causes diphallia. At about the 24th or 25th day of gestation the tract that forms the urolo-genital organs separates out from both the undifferentiated developing genitalia and the developing rectum. If some special stress is put on the developing embryo on those days, the cells can form twice. Although it's a rare phenomenon, it's estimated that in the United States, one in every five and a half million men have diphallia.
Double Rainbow Image: Nicholas T
Via Princeton, Jiaps, and Reuters.


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Introduction
Function basics
More advanced concepts
Summary
Instruction
Good! Coming back to the previous example:
def calculate_price(weight, price_per_pound=1.5, tax=0.15):
 return weight * price_per_pound * (1+tax)
You may ask one more question: since optional arguments are assigned values from left to right, how can I invoke the function with explicit values for weight and tax, but not for price_per_pound?
The answer is simple: use argument names!
calculate_price(170, tax=0.89)
With this invocation, the values for the arguments would be: weight=170, price_per_pound=1.5 (default value), tax=0.89.
Exercise
Given a function named calculate_cone_area, invoke the function with r=5, h=3, and the default value of pi.
Stuck? Here's a hint!
Provide argument names when you invoke the function.


You are here: Home » News » Product News » What is the difference between 304 and 316 stainless steel？
What is the difference between 304 and 316 stainless steel？
Views:7 Author:Site Editor Publish Time: 2021-06-16 Origin:Site
What is the difference between 304 and 316 stainless steel？
Out of over 60 different grades of stainless steel, the most often used in the electrical industry are 304 stainless steel and 316 stainless steel
Aesthetically, there is no difference between the two; in fact, the only way to differentiate between them is to test them chemically. The main difference between 304 and 316 stainless steel is 316 SS has the addition of molybdenum.
The differing chemical makeups of 304 SS and 316 SS influence how each performs in a certain environment. Requirements for one grade of stainless over the other are often dependent on the application or environment; therefore, it is important to understand them both.
Description and application of 304 stainless steel
Type 304 SS is the most widely used grade of stainless steel and is considered the standard "18/8" stainless. It offers mechanical strength, corrosion, and oxidation resistance at a more economical price point.
Type 304 SS is used in a wide range of applications and industries to provide basic resistance to corrosion.
Description and application of 316 stainless steel
Type 316 SS is more corrosion resistant than 304 SS because of its higher nickel content and the addition of molybdenum (2-3%) as an alloying element. The addition of molybdenum enhances the metal's resistance to crevice corrosion and pitting from chloride solutions. The overall combination of increased nickel, molybdenum and other minor alloying tweaks improves the resistance of 316 SS to stress corrosion cracking, creeping, chemicals, solvents, sulfuric acids, and extreme temperatures.
This makes 316 SS an ideal choice for electrical products subjected to industrial processing chemicals, ocean spray, or high-chloride environments.
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