Receiver)
A wrapper doesn't need to call the same methods on the thing it's wrapping. Also note that in most cases, it's important to forward unknown methods on to the wrapped object. An example of wrapping a receiver:
class NetstringSplittingWrapper(object):
 def __init__(self, wrapped):
 self.wrapped = wrapped
 def netstringReceived(self, string):
 splitpoint = len(string) // 2
 self.wrapped.netstringFirstHalfReceived(string[:splitpoint])
 self.wrapped.netstringSecondHalfReceived(string[splitpoint:])
 def __getattr__(self, attr):
 return getattr(self.wrapped, attr)
The corresponding receiver and again, constructing the Protocol:
class SplitNetstringReceiver(object):
 currentRule = 'receiveNetstring'
 def __init__(self, sender):
 self.sender = sender
 def prepareParsing(self, parser):
 pass
 def finishParsing(self, reason):
 pass
 def netstringFirstHalfReceived(self, string):
 self.sender.sendNetstring(string)
 def netstringSecondHalfReceived(self, string):
 pass
NetstringProtocol = makeProtocol(
 grammar,
 stack(NetstringReversalWrapper, NetstringSender),
The complete script is also available for download.
Switching rules
As mentioned before, it's possible to change the current rule. Imagine a "netstrings2" protocol that looks like this:
3:foo,3;bar,4:spam,4;eggs,
That is, the protocol alternates between using : and using ; delimiting data length and the data. The amended grammar would look something like this:
nonzeroDigit = digit:x ?(x != '0')
digits = <'0' | nonzeroDigit digit*>:i -> int(i)
netstring :delimiter = digits:length delimiter <anything{length}>:string ',' -> string
colon = digits:length ':' <anything{length}>:string ',' -> receiver.netstringReceived(':', string)
semicolon = digits:length ';' <anything{length}>:string ',' -> receiver.netstringReceived(';', string)
Changing the current rule is as simple as changing the currentRule attribute on the receiver. So, the netstringReceived method could look like this:
While changing the currentRule attribute can be done at any time, the ParserProtocol only examines the currentRule at the beginning of parsing and after a rule has finished matching. As a result, if the currentRule changes, the ParserProtocol will wait until the current rule is completely matched before switching rules.
The complete script is also available for download.
Extending Grammars and Inheritance
warning
Unfinished
Another feature taken from OMeta is grammar inheritance. We can write a grammar with rules that override ones in a parent. If we load the grammar from our calculator tutorial as Calc, we can extend it with some constants:
from parsley import makeGrammar
import math
import calc
calcGrammarEx = """
value = super | constant
constant = 'pi' -> math.pi
 | 'e' -> math.e
"""
CalcEx = makeGrammar(calcGrammar, {"math": math}, extends=calc.Calc)
Invoking the rule super calls the rule value in Calc. If it fails to match, our new value rule attempts to match a constant name.
Terml
TermL ("term-ell") is the Term Language, a small expression-based language for representing arbitrary data in a simple structured format. It is ideal for expressing abstract syntax trees (ASTs) and other kinds of primitive data trees.
Creating Terms
>>> from terml.nodes import termMaker as t
>>> t.Term()
term('Term')
That's it! We've created an empty term, Term, with nothing inside.
>>> t.Num(1)
term('Num(1)')
>>> t.Outer(t.Inner())
term('Outer(Inner)')
We can see that terms are not just namedtuple lookalikes. They have their own internals and store data in a slightly different and more structured way than a normal tuple.
Parsing Terms
Parsley can parse terms from streams. Terms can contain any kind of parseable data, including other terms. Returning to the ubiquitous calculator example:
add = Add(:x, :y) -> x + y
Here this rule matches a term called Add which has two components, bind those components to a couple of names (x and y), and return their sum. If this rule were applied to a term like Add(3, 5), it would return 8.
Terms can be nested, too. Here's an example that performs a slightly contrived match on a negated term inside an addition:
add_negate = Add(:x, Negate(:y)) -> x - y
Parsley Reference
Basic syntax
foo = ....:
Define a rule named foo.
expr1 expr2:
Match expr1, and then match expr2 if it succeeds, returning the value of expr2. Like Python's and.
expr1 | expr2:
Try to match expr1 --- if it fails, match expr2 instead. Like Python's or.
expr*:
Match expr zero or more times, returning a list of matches.
expr+:
Match expr one or more times, returning a list of matches.
expr?:
Try to match expr. Returns None if it fails to match.
expr{n, m}:
Match expr at least n times, and no more than m times.
expr{n}:
Match expr n times exactly.
~expr:
Negative lookahead. Fails if the next item in the input matches expr. Consumes no input.
~~expr:
Positive lookahead. Fails if the next item in the input does not match expr. Consumes no input.
ruleName or ruleName(arg1 arg2 etc):
Call the rule ruleName, possibly with args.
'x':
Match the literal character 'x'.
<expr>:
Returns the string consumed by matching expr. Good for tokenizing rules.
expr:name:
Bind the result of expr to the local variable name.
-> pythonExpression:
Evaluate the given Python expression and return its result. Can be used inside parentheses too!
!(pythonExpression):
Invoke a Python expression as an action.
?(pythonExpression):
Fail if the Python expression is false, Returns True otherwise.
expr ^(CustomLabel):
If the expr fails, the exception raised will contain CustomLabel. Good for providing more context when a rule is broken. CustomLabel can contain any character other than "(" and ")".
Comments like Python comments are supported as well, starting with # and extending to the end of the line.
Python API
Protocol parsing API
class ometa.protocol.ParserProtocol
The Twisted Protocol subclass used for parsing stream protocols using Parsley. It has two public attributes:
sender
After the connection is established, this attribute will refer to the sender created by the sender factory of the ParserProtocol.
receiver
After the connection is established, this attribute will refer to the receiver created by the receiver factory of the ParserProtocol.
It's common to also add a factory attribute to the ParserProtocol from its factory's buildProtocol method, but this isn't strictly required or guaranteed to be present.
Subclassing or instantiating ParserProtocol is not necessary; makeProtocol() is sufficient and requires less boilerplate.
class ometa.protocol.Receiver
Receiver is not a real class but is used here for demonstration purposes to indicate the required API.
currentRule
ParserProtocol examines the currentRule attribute at the beginning of parsing as well as after every time a rule has completely matched. At these times, the rule with the same name as the value of currentRule will be selected to start parsing the incoming stream of data.
prepareParsing(parserProtocol)
prepareParsing() is called after the ParserProtocol has established a connection, and is passed the ParserProtocol instance itself.
Parameters
parserProtocol -- An instance of ProtocolParser.
finishParsing(reason)
finishParsing() is called if an exception was raised during parsing, or when the ParserProtocol has lost its connection, whichever comes first. It will only be called once.
An exception raised during parsing can be due to incoming data that doesn't match the current


Assume that I'm going to drive an LED with a bipolar transistor as a switch. According to books, when the LED is on, the transistor should be saturated, i.e. V_CE should be close to zero. But why do authors emphasize on saturation? I mean, in plots of collector current (I_C) as a function of V_CE, we can see that for a wide range of V_CE values, I_C is almost constant.
I can think of two possible motivations for using saturation:
 1. When a BJT is saturated, the calculations are simpler: no need to calculate V_CE and insert it in Kirchhoff's voltage law.
 2. When a BJT is saturated, all voltage provided by power supply can be given to the load (with no V_CE voltage drop)
 - 2
 \$\begingroup\$ It's also important to know the main reason not to have BJTs saturated in switching circuits: it is much slower to switch off a transistor that has been driven to saturation. So it is an efficiency vs. speed consideration. \$\endgroup\$ – jpa Apr 2 at 12:31
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ Also worth mentioning (though maybe taking your application a bit too literally) that there are several reasonable BJT LED driver circuits with the transistors operating in the forward-active region. \$\endgroup\$ – W5VO Apr 2 at 16:52
Reason 2 is the answer.
Since P = VI we have two switch states:
 - Transistor off: I = 0 so P = 0. There is no power dissipated in the transistor.
 - Transistor on: I is high but V is low - typically 0.2 V or so for a BJT. That means that P = 0.2 × I. This may be as low as we can get with a BJT but will be a lot better than V/2 × I/2 which would be the half-way point on an analog arrangement.
Note that with high powered loads that this reduced power can still be high enough that serious looking heatsinks are required.
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ I guess there is also another reason: when BJT is saturated, I_C is almost independent of I_B. To get a specific I_C from a transistor in "active" mode, a specific value for I_B is needed. \$\endgroup\$ – apadana Apr 2 at 8:01
There is a third reason, related to your reason #2: Because the voltage across the BJT is low, its power dissipation is also low.
This point was driven home for me many years ago when I was building a variable DC power supply1 with current limit. A transistor switched on a lamp2 when the current limit was engaged. When I was testing it, I deliberately overloaded it, the lamp started to light up, and the transistor promptly caught on fire!3 I soon realized that I had failed to saturate the transistor, and its power dissipation was far too high as a result.
1 723-based, which gives you an idea of just how many years we're talking about...
2 28-volt incandescent, not a wimpy LED!
3 I still have the scorch mark on my breadboard socket.
Your Answer


text:
Monday January 28, 2013
Making a calendar – by hand
IRONICALLY enough, the printing of a calendar for the future begins with an ancient guidebook.
At the Royal Press, the printing of a traditional Peranakan calendar begins with the planning of calendar dates.
Tan Boon Kian, 52, the operations manager, leafs through a 160-year Chinese guidebook and locates the guide for the upcoming year. The making of this Peranakan calendar goes all the way to the very heart of the printing press.
Among the millions of lead blocks lining the walls, Foong Yoke Chan, 74, expertly selects a few blocks of different sizes and fonts. According to the guidebook, she composes them in a frame and deftly dabs printers' ink on the blocks. The entire thing goes into a proofing machine: she cranks a wheel, a cylinder turns and swallows the blocks whole, and a sheet of paper emerges with a clear imprint of the calendar.
After this copy is proofread and approved, the actual printing begins with the preparation of ink. Unlike offset printing, letterpress requires colours to be mixed and printed individually. The mixing of coloured inks is so precise that a colour guide and weighing scales are needed to obtain the exact hue required.
Adam Man Ful, 38, a Royal Press staff, then prints each colour separately in the Heidelberg platen press – a feat requiring a sharp eye and good instincts.
Next, the calendar goes to a stapling machine the size of a large desk. A worker operates this machine by foot, making a rhythmic "thunk" each time a staple is driven into paper. The final touches are done with a punching machine to make a hole in the calendar. An automatic eyeletter inserts a golden eyelet into the hole.
After countless hours of planning, composing, proofreading, mixing, printing, stapling, punching and eyeleting, 1,200 copies of this calendar are finally ready to be sold to the Baba Nyonya community for RM1.50 each. – By Hannah Khaw

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


35. Things to Do as a Secretary
See Images Translate Repeat WPM:
Edward is a secretary in a doctor's office. He does a lot of things. He greets patients. He asks for their information. He records their height and weight. He tells them how long they have to wait. He answers phone calls. He always knows what to say. Edward also keeps the files organized.
Vocabulary Cloze Sentences Dictation
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text:
Some federal research centers around the country will be focusing on helping farmers and foresters deal with climate change, including one in El Reno, Okla.
Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack is to announce Wednesday designation of seven regional climate hubs.
The hubs will be at U.S. Department of Agriculture facilities, such as the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station in Corvallis., Ore. Others will be in Iowa, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Colorado, Oklahoma, and New Mexico.
They will assess local climate risks, such as drought and wildfire, then develop plans for dealing with them, such as improved irrigation techniques.
The Grazinglands Research Laboratory in El Reno, Okla. is focusing on the effects of drought and pests in the region.
Bill Hohenstein, director of the Agriculture Department's climate change program, says the hubs will work with county extension agents and others to get the mitigation plans out to farmers, ranchers and foresters.
KGOU is a community-supported news organization and relies on contributions from readers and listeners to fulfill its mission of public service to Oklahoma and beyond. Donate online, or by contacting our Membership department.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Proper care and cleaning can extend the life of your hearing aids, prevent unnecessary repairs, and keep them working optimally.
Ensuring the long-term functionality and effectiveness of your Adelaide hearing aids requires regular maintenance. Just like any other electronic device, Adelaide hearing aids, including high-quality brands like Adelaide Phonak hearing aids, need to be taken care of to ensure they continue to operate at their best.
Hearing aids in Adelaide are complex devices that work hard every day to help you connect with the world around you. These devices are exposed to heat, moisture, earwax, and other elements that can impact their performance over time. Regular maintenance of your hearing aids can help you avoid these potential problems and ensure they continue providing you with the highest quality sound.
Cleaning your hearing aids daily is a simple yet effective way to maintain them. It involves wiping them with a dry cloth and using a soft brush to remove any wax buildup. Remember to use a dry cloth, as moisture can damage hearing aids. At the same time, make sure to replace the batteries regularly.
Adelaide Phonak hearing aids, renowned for their superior sound quality and advanced features, are no exception to this rule. They, too, require regular care and attention to ensure their longevity and optimal functioning. With Phonak hearing aids, you can enjoy clearer and more natural sound experiences.
But this experience can only be maintained with regular checks and professional servicing. A hearing specialist in Adelaide can professionally clean your hearing aids, adjust their settings and replace any components that may be worn out or damaged.
In conclusion, regular maintenance is crucial for your hearing aids. Proper care and cleaning can extend the life of your hearing aids, prevent unnecessary repairs, and keep them working optimally. Whether you're using Phonak hearing aids or another brand, treating your hearing aids with regular care will ensure they help you hear the world clearly.


text:
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Learn about this topic in these articles:
The church of Santa Maria d'Aracoeli, built before the 6th century and remade in its present form in the 13th, is lined with columns rifled from Classical buildings. It is the home of " Il Bambino," a wooden statue (originally a 15th-century statue; now a copy) of the Christ Child, who is called upon to save desperately ill children.


text:
Biologists have discovered an intriguing new type of palm tree in Madagascar.
For most of its life, the tree looks like a regular old palm. After about 100 years or so, a sort of large, asparagus-like stalk sprouts from its top. The stalk spreads out, and hundreds of small, white flowers appear.
As it turns out, all that growing, sprouting, and flowering burns up so much energy that a few months later, the tree calls it a life and dies.
Scientists are still unsure why the tree develops in this way. There are only about one-hundred of the trees in Madagascar, which might explain why scientists haven't noticed it until now.


case SomeOptionThree
}
Enums can also be defined in one line:
enum SomeOptionOrStuffThatYouThinkGoesInEnums {
 case SomeOptionOne, SomeOptionTwo, SomeOptionThree
}
Don't worry about default values, you don't have to declare them like you do in Objective-C. Note that for the enums you defined without a default value, Objective-C was already assigning values for you under-the-hood, 0,1,2, etc. But in Swift they are not assigned a default integer value when they are created, they are full-fledged values in their own right, with an explicitly-defined respective type.
If you want, you can assign a value for an initial enum and Swift will auto-increment it for you:
enum SomeOptionOrStuffThatYouThinkGoesInEnums {
 case SomeOptionOne = 1, SomeOptionTwo, SomeOptionThree
}
In this case SomeOptionTwo will be 2 and SomeOptionThree will be 3 and so on. These are so-called "Raw Values" (we are going to take a look at them later in this article).
Dot syntax:
You can call enums .SomeOptionOne, .SomeOptionTwo, etc. if the compiler can infer that the value you're referring to is of that enum type.
An example:
var anOption = .SomeOptionOne // this is exactly the same as var anOption = SomeOptionOrStuffThatYouThinkGoesInEnums.SomeOptionOne
switch anOption {
 case .SomeOptionOne:
 doStuff()
 case .SomeOptionTwo:
 doOtherStuff()
 case .SomeOptionThree:
 doSomethingElse()
 default:
 break
}
Associated Values
This is the most interesting enum feature in Swift. You can associate, attach, or add arbitrary data to your enums when you create them, and you can store them in variables. Here is an example:
enum SomeTypeThatCanHaveStuffStashedInIt {
 case StuffTypeOne(Int, String)
 case StuffTypeTwo(String)
 case StuffTypeThree
}
var stuffOne = SomeTypeThatCanHaveStuffStashedInIt.StuffTypeOne(1, "blah")
var stuffTwo = SomeTypeThatCanHaveStuffStashedInIt.StuffTypeTwo("blah again")
var stuffThree = SomeTypeThatCanHaveStuffStashedInIt.StuffTypeThree
You can use them like this in a switch case:
switch stuffOne {
 case let .StuffTypeOne(integerValue, stringValue):
 print("integer value = /(integerValue), string value = /(stringValue)")
 case .StuffTypeTwo(var stringValue):
 print("string value = /(stringValue) only")
 case .StuffTypeThree:
 print("and the other thing here")
 default:
 break
}
As you can see you can access integerValue and stringValue as constants in the case statement (notice that let is outside of the parentheses). Alternatively you can put var or let in front of each value definition inside of the parentheses (like stringValue in case two).
Raw Values
Raw values are enums that have predefined values upon declaration. Keep in mind though that Apple documentaion says that raw values are not the same as associated values:
Raw values are set to prepopulated values when you first define the enumeration in your code. The raw value for a particular enumeration member is always the same. Associated values are set when you create a new constant or variable based on one of the enumeration's members, and can be different each time you do so.
enum EscapeCharacter: Character {
 case Tab = "\t"
 case NewLine = "\n"
 case Return = "\r"
}
Raw values can be strings, characters, or any of the integer or floating-point number types. Or they can be auto-incremented as in the example above
To access raw values you use .toRaw() and to find an enum with a specified raw value you call .fromRaw(value):
let tab = EscapeCharacter.Tab.toRaw()
let newlineEnum = EscapeCharacter.fromRaw("\n")
How to make it work with Objective-C
Take a look at this Apple Doc. It states that you can't use Swift enums (among other things) in Objective-C.
Also here Apple says:
Swift imports as a Swift enumeration any C-style enumeration marked with the NS_ENUM macro. This means that the prefixes to enumeration value names are truncated when they are imported into Swift, whether they're defined in system frameworks or in custom code.
This means it's a one way street - you can use Objective-C enums in Swift but not the other way around.
But as of Swift version 1.2 (Xcode 6.3) you can now use the @objc prefix:
@objc enum Bear: Int {
 case Black, Grizzly, Polar
}
Observation (KVO):
KVO only works with NSObject subclasses in Swift. You can't observe enums unless they are understood by Objective-C, which means they have to be of Int type. The property that holds them should be prefixed with dynamic operator.
enum EscapeCharacter: Int {
 case Tab = 1
 case NewLine = 2
 case Return = 3
}
dynamic var someObservableProperty: Int = EscapeCharacter.Tab.rawValue
Conclusion
As you can see Swift enums are more advanced than Objective-C enums and they give you a lot more features compared to the typedef style enums we used before.
If you have any questions about enums or Swift in general feel free to leave a comment below or shoot us an email at _EMAIL_, we'd be happy to help you.
__
Alex Bush @alexvbush.
Editor: Tim Baron.
If want to learn more about Swift you can checkout our Grokking Swift Series
]]>
<![CDATA[iOS Client-Server Integration Approach Part 1]]>_URL_ 24 Mar 2015 04:26:52 GMTWe are starting a blog post series on crafting client-server integrations. Throughout the posts we discuss why it's important to have well-defined communication between your client and the server. We touch on the importance of what to do and the thinking process applied when approaching the architecture and implementation of your iOS and backend applications. These posts are not overly technology-specific and talk about general ideas so that you can apply this new approach to the problem immediately.
These posts are designed for several different types of IT specialists: project managers; product owners; software architects; and backend, frontend, and mobile developers. Project managers and product owners will learn exactly what goes into developing a project and how to best organize and schedule the workflow. Software architects will learn an alternative approach to developing a software product. Developers will learn how to best integrate the client with the server in order to achieve an optimal user experience. Everybody will see just how vital the communication process is during software development.
In this blog post we take a look at why deliberate client-server integration is very important (and even more so for iOS apps).
How Most App Projects Fail
On The Surface
When you develop an iOS application (or any mobile or rich UI client application for that matter) the approach taken varies depending on the specific challenge you face, business considerations at hand, and the desired outcome. On average, when building a consumer-facing application developers tend to architect and implement client iOS applications independently from the server backend architecture. This potentially causes problems in the future for the application and for the product in general.
Sooner or later the day comes when you need to make a change to your code. This might be a simple change that improves user experience (to the delight of your users). But, for the love of god it takes forever to implement! Your models aren't suitable for that. Your view controller is more than 2k+ lines of code. Your backend is not even remotely prepared to be changed (so that it can serve data according to the new requirements). At this point you have no idea what's going on! Sound familiar? After yet another sleepless night you wonder if it's better to have your app built from scratch with all the precautions in place.
Facts
Typical ways teams and developers approach app development:
 1. First an MVP of the iOS app is built and then server backend developers try to catch up and come up with CRUD-ish endpoints that barely comply to any RESTful guidelines. iOS developers don't know what they need on the client side (or even in what form). They usually have no idea how the APIs they want will impact backend performance and stability. This is one of the worst scenarios imaginable!
 2. Another typical scenario is when two teams try to work together (or more often against each other). One team works on the backend and another on the iOS/client side. The most common problem for these guys is lack of coordination and organization. The server team builds


text:
In Umlaut, there is a database column that basically corresponds to "service_status". This gets set, in sequence, to "queued", "in_progress", and then "complete". (Also some possibility of error statuses etc).
There is a point in Umlaut logic where it first checks to make sure a row is "queued", then only if it is sets it to "in_progress" and executes the service.
The idea is that if it was already set to "in_progress" by someone else (another thread or another process entirely), we leave it alone, we don't execute the logic, it's already in progress by someone else.
And the problem with the original implementation was the race condition. First we fetch the model instance (an SQL query), and check it's service_status. Then, only if it's service_status is 'queued', do we set it's service_status to 'in_progress' and proceed to execute. But the race condition is clear here — in between the first SQL query to fetch, and the second to update, some other thread or process may have already updated it to 'in_progress' and began execution, and now we have double execution.
The solution? Some form of "optimistic locking" using the atomic facilities of any rdbms. Now, I'm not actually talking about the 'optimistic locking' feature built into ActiveRecord. You probably could use that feature here, but it requiers adding a special column to your db, rescuing 'ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError' etc. The optimistic locking feature built into AR is potentially a powerful general purpose tool when you need to avoid concurrent updates to any column at all in many different scenarios.
But for this particular use case, there's a simpler way to do it ourselves. We basically want to have a single SQL line that updates the column to 'in_progress' if and only if it was already 'queued', in a single atomic rdbms operation, and then lets us know if the update happened or not. We can generate such an SQL using ActiveRecord 3 update_all.
my_active_record_model = ModelClass.where( however_we_fetched_it ) num_updated = ModelClass.where(:id => my_active_record_model.id, :service_status => "queued"). update_all(:service_status => "in_progress") if num_updated > 0 # we updated, execute else # it did not have a service_status of queued, someoen # else beat us to it end
- Haven't actually updated Umlaut yet, there are some annoying legacy issues in Umlaut that make this a bit harder to fix.
- Note that update_all does not automatically update ActiveRecord 'updated_at' columns, you can include those yourself if you want them in the hash of columns to update. ':updated_at => Time.now'.
- This is also an example of why you need to know and understand SQL and rdbms even if you are using a good ORM like ActiveRecord. And I love ORM's, but if you didn't know SQL/rdbms, you wouldn't be able to come up with a clear way to solve this race condition in terms of SQL, and then figure out the cleanest way to do that with AR.)
- Some answers on the web to analagous problems to this one suggest using db transactions here. I suspect that transactions may not even be able to solve this problem, but even if there's a way to do it somehow with transactions, it's going to be messier. Transactions aren't in fact the right tool here. A simple optimistic locking 'update…where' is.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Here is an activity to try with a length of adhesive tape. Press the tape against a dusty surface several times. As expected, the tape quickly loses its holding strength as dust particles collect and coat the sticky side. In contrast, consider tree frogs which thrive in dusty, wet, or muddy surroundings. Yet they cling securely to branches and leaves, even hanging upside down. How are they able to hold on without falling?
Researchers are exploring the "sticky" ability of tree frogs. In one experiment the tree frog is placed on a flat dusty surface. The platform is then slowly tilted to a vertical position. As the tilt angle increases, the frog eventually loses its grip and starts to slide. If it crawls a few steps, however, the frog recovers its traction and stays put.
Close inspection of the frog's foot shows many tiny hexagonal surface pads. In the channels between these pads, a small amount of mucus material is secreted. The frog is observed to move its foot back and forth spreading the gel and absorbing nearby dust. Grip is restored as a thin clean layer of the sticky gel is applied to the foot pads.
The frog's foot pad reveals a second important feature. When conventional tape is pulled loose, small cracks often spread through the adhesive. This allows removal of the tape but weakens it for further use. In contrast, the separated pads on the frog's foot prevent the spread of such cracks. As a result, each step taken by the frog is provided with full sticking ability.
Just what is it that makes frog feet sticky? The chemistry of adhesion chemistry is highly complex and not fully understood. It involves intermolecular forces, atomic bonding and polymer chemistry. Other living things display equally impressive adhesive structures. For example, gecko feet have thousands of brush-like hairs which hold firmly to almost any surface. Cockleburs have flexible grasping hooks, the inspiration for Velcro.
Adhesives are an everyday component in building construction, product manufacture, aerospace engineering and medicine. A reusable, self-cleaning adhesive similar to the feet of tree frogs has many potential applications. For example, since frog feet remain sticky in wet conditions, how about band aids that stick when wet? And after use, such waterproof band aids could be removed painlessly and without leaving a sticky residue.
New heavy duty "frog tape" could be applied underwater to seal leaks in a boat hull or swimming pool. For clothing, reusable sealing tape could provide a quiet alternative fastener. Imagine car tires which adhere to wet or icy roadways without slipping. Such new products could incorporate a liquid gel which mimics the self-cleaning ability of tree frogs. The term smart materials is given to new products which respond and adjust to various conditions. God has filled his creation with valuable ideas for new devices and solutions to everyday problems.
Sources & Picture-sources:


What Is 750ml?
750ml is a value of liquid measurements that is mostly used in the packaging of wines and liquor. This system is mostly used in the United States and it is also referred to as a fifth. It is preferred for its estimation to the once-common one-fifth-gallon bottle.
1 Additional Answer
Ask.com Answer for: what is 750ml
750 milliliters equals 0.75 liters.
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Q&A Related to "What Is 750ml"
750 mL can be expressed in a variety of way. 750 mL is equivalent to 25 ounces. 25 ounces is equivalent to 4-1/8 cups. This is a little bit more than 2 pints.
Hint density=mass/volume
750 ml is equal to 2.53605 fl.oz.
750 mL is as big as a standard wine bottle. It is equivalent to 0.026485 cubic ft or 45.7678 cubic in!
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750ml is equal to 0.75 litres. This means 1 litre is equivalent to 1000 ml. Ml is a unit of measurements of volumes in the metric system. This unit is written...
Chardonnay is a popular white wine. There are 70 calories in a 3.5 fluid ounce serving. A 750ml is 25 ounces so that would be 490 calories in one bottle of wine...


text:
Determinants of regional unemployment: some evidence from Austria
Badinger H. and Url T. (2002) Determinants of regional unemployment: some evidence from Austria, Reg. Studies 36, 977-988. Using a spatial filtering technique we estimate an empirical model of regional unemployment for a sample of Austrian regions. The spatial filtering technique removes the spatial correlation from the data and allows us to assess the importance of purely spatial effects. We find significant relations between the regional unemployment rate and relative regional wages transaction costs as reflected by the share of public housing, job vacancies, the share of employees in the manufacturing sector and a social assistance variable. Spatial effects account for about one-fifth of the variation in the unemployment rate.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it.
Volume (Year): 36 (2002)
Issue (Month): 9 ()
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Fixing Java Serialization Bugs with SerialKiller
On Friday, FoxGloveSecurity published a rather inaccurate and misleading blog post on five software vulnerabilities affecting WebLogic, WebSphere, JBoss, Jenkins and OpenNMS. By incorrectly attributing the vulnerability to the Apache Commons Collection library, the blog post generated misinformation on the root cause and possible fixes (e.g. this news.softpedia article).
If you're still unsure on what is the actual issue, Charles Miller published a short blog post illustrating the problem.
Probably thinking that the Apache project wasn't interested in fixing the bug, FoxGloveSecurity's post also contains working exploits for all products.
In fact, even though proof of concept code was released OVER 9 MONTHS AGO, none of the products mentioned in the title of this post have been patched, along with many more. In fact no patch is available for the Java library containing the vulnerability.
As it turned out, some vendors were not aware and others were already working on a patch in their products but haven't released it yet.
Summing up, we're now dealing with five pre-authentication remote code execution vulnerabilities affecting major products. Luckily, the specific services affected by those vulnerabilities are generally not exposed over the Internet thus reducing the overall risk.
Inspired by this story, I started thinking on how I could fix the problem in a systematic way. It didn't take me long to discover this article on using method override to create a look-ahead deserialization filter. While the article explains a potential solution, it didn't provide an easy-to-use library that can be used to protect Java applications.
Introducing SerialKiller
SerialKiller is an easy-to-use look-ahead Java deserialization library to secure applications from untrusted input. You drop the jar in your classpath, use SerialKiller instead of the standard and configure it to allow/block specific classes.
The library, together with a simple tutorial, is available on Github:
At the moment, it supports the following features:
 - Hot-Reload for the config file, so that you don't need to restart your application after changing SerialKiller's config
 - Whitelisting. If you can quickly identify a list of trusted classes, this is the best way to secure your application. For instance, you could allow classes belonging to your application package only
 - Blacklisting. The default config file already includes a few known attack payloads (thanks to YSoSerial). This can be used to block the exploits released by FoxGloveSecurity
If you want to contribute, ping me on Twitter or using Github.
November 14, 2015 at 7:10 PM
We just released a different solution to this problem. It's free and open source. Contrast-rO0 is a lightweight Java agent that uses instrumentation to block attacks targeting object deserialization problems like those described above.
This approach is the only way to protect your *entire* application because the problem can exist in libraries or frameworks. Rather than re-architecting your entire messaging infrastructure, this agent absolutely prevents this vulnerability from being exploited.


How a $50 Wind-Powered Minesweeper May Save Lives
By Wesley Fenlon
Childhood toys inspired designer Massoud Hassani to invent a cheap mine clearing ball that rides the wind.
Though a world apart, the childhood toys of Americans and Afghans shared at least a few similarities. Most kids in the United States likely owned, or at least could recognize, the simplicity of a rubber suction cup ball. The shape now has a larger-than-life analogue in the Mine Kafon, a design-project-turned-humanitarian-invention from Massoud Hassani.
Hassani grew up in Kabul, Afghanistan, and built small toys as a child that would roll along the ground powered by the wind. Inevitably those toys would be blown into a dangerous section of desert around Kabul where land mines lurked, and they would be abandoned. There are still about 10 million land mines scattered throughout Afghanistan. As a design student in the Netherlands, Hassani remembered the toys of his childhood and used them as inspiration for the Mine Kafon.
The Mine Kafon (which means "mine exploder" in the Dari dialect spoken in Afghanistan) is a giant ball that rides the wind, with spindly bamboo legs covered by discs, and what look like the severed rubber heads of plungers providing flexibility for each leg. Hassani compares it to the head of a dandelion, and it has the same potential to give life. The parts in the Mine Kafon cost about 40 Euros (~$50), and could be used by poor villages in Afghanistan and other countries to deal with land mines in dangerous areas.
It is not a perfect solution. The Mine Kafon needs a strong wind to roll and lacks the reliability or accuracy of more advanced mine removal systems. While an embedded GPS tracker helps chart the Mine Kafon's course, it goes where the wind takes it, and a winding path over rocky terrain is hardly guaranteed to clear a minefield. As pointed out by The Atlantic, the mine-clearing Aardvark can detect mines and digs down into the dirt to find them. But the vehicles also cost $500,000.
That's a price no village in Afghanistan could pay, and Hassani hopes that his idea could give people in Afghanistan a way to clear areas they already know are dangerous. Fifty dollars is a price they can pay, and every Mine Kafon has enough legs to take out two or three mines before losing the ability to roll.
A short three minute film about Hassani and his invention is a finalist in the Focus Forward film competition, a collection of films about the world's innovators and inventors. Hassani's creation may not change the world, but it could save lives, and he's already working on a cylindrical Mine Kafon that could touch on more mine-filled ground as it rolls across the desert. The Mine Kafon may lose its familiar suction cup ball shape, but in doing so could become a familiar sight for a new generation in Afghanistan, as wind power and creativity slowly cure the land of buried explosives.


text:
PETA has moved on from criticizing the fly-swatting Obama to taking on the obese.
Its latest billboard features a caricature of a blubbery woman in a bikini, with the wording: "Save the Whales – Lose the Blubber: Go Vegetarian.''
The Obesity Action Coalition, which proclaims itself as "the only obesity individual-focused organization'' - has taken offense.
It has encouraged its members to contact PETA. "Let PETA know the struggles faced by the obese are real, just as the struggles that are faced by animals who are victims or cruelty are real.''
In a press release, the OAC said: "With more than 93 million Americans affected by obesity, this type of unacceptable stigmatization of obese/overweight individuals has no place in today's society. Obese individuals are often stigmatized or discriminated against in a variety of areas, such as employment, school, healthcare and much more. The OAC finds obesity stigma to be extremely detrimental to the obese population as it furthers the all-too-frequent negative perceptions of the obese. The OAC demands PETA immediately end the campaign and remove the billboard from the public domain and the PETA Web site.''
I also might point out that manatees, among our most blubbery creatures, are vegetarians.


text:
POULTNEY - 16 Green Mountain College students had an oral final exam last week, but their vocabulary was limited to the words "gee," "haw," "whoa," and "back."
The students took Dr. Kenneth Mulder's History and Application of Oxen in Agriculture course, which includes learning how to drive draft animals. At GMC, that would mean issuing commands to Lou and Bill, the college's oxen team.
"Driving oxen is more of an art than a science," said Mulder, GMC's farm manager. "The relationship developed between the student and the animals is key to directing a good working team."
Mulder's course combines classroom lecture and on-farm experience to teach students how to train, care for, and drive oxen, and how to accomplish specific farm tasks using oxen. In spring, summer and fall, Bill and Lou perform all the plowing, mowing, and haying activities commonly performed with tractors and combines. In the winter, the oxen are harnessed up for various heavy lifting jobs around the farm. The class also looks at the economics of draft animals and identify under what conditions draft animals are economically efficient.
Mulder, who completed his dissertation at the University of Vermont's Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, tells students that modern agriculture is extremely inefficient.
"With over 20 calories required to produce and deliver one food calorie to a consumer's plate, capacity to maintain current food production levels while reducing fossil inputs simply doesn't exist," he said.
His students at Green Mountain College have launched an experiment aimed at running a farm on a scale at which a family farmer could make a livable wage, without sacrificing sustainability. An associated goal is to run Green Mountain College's Cerridwen Farm with as few fossil-derived resources as possible with the ultimate target of using no fossil fuels at all. One component is using draft animals.


text:
Seeing Beyond the Words: An Interview with Derek Jennings
According to Aristotle, "The soul never thinks without a picture." So perhaps the image-based research Dr. Derek Jennings does could be defined as a way to 'discover what the soul is thinking'…
Jennings is an assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences on the Duluth Campus and the outreach director for Research for Indigenous Community Health (RICH) Center. He has a PhD in curriculum and instruction (with an emphasis in communications and technology), a degree in philosophical and social foundations of education, with a minor in film/photography. He has also been a freelance photographer who has taught photography for 10 years at a summer arts institute.
He has become very skilled in using the qualitative research methodology called PhotoVoice. PhotoVoice allows Jennings to combine his wide areas of knowledge and skill to develop health research projects with American Indian communities.
PhotoVoice enables people to tell their own stories, expressing their thoughts, ideas, culture and values through photographic representations. It works like this: the community or the researcher picks a topic to explore. The participants make photographs that explore and represent the topic and tell their own story through images. The information is deep and rich, containing multiple layers of meaning.
The participants then talk about what they chose to photograph. It's an important part of the narrative to understand why these images where created, what they mean to the participant. Jennings knows, "Meaning that is attached by the person who took the picture, is the most powerful." So he listens carefully to their descriptions and analyzes the story they provide.
"I always talk about photographs as being just a file marker of abstract thoughts," Jennings explains. "If you handed me your family's photo album, I might not be able to know what's going on with the pictures. You would have to sit there and tell me what you remember… 'Oh, that was 2008, my grandmother's birthday... We were celebrating my graduation on this day with my family' – and you would tell me all these stories. But they really are just symbols that are file markers for your brain to attach meaning to."
He tells about a group of American Indian women who have become known for running trail races and exercising. At first the group was three to four women who were wanting to get healthier. They started walking. Soon others joined. What began with a just few women walking grew into a group of 20–30, running marathons. And they got healthier. "A couple of them lost around 100 pounds."
Jennings explains what drew him to this group for a PhotoVoice project.
"I like to find those things that are working, attach research to them to figure out why and how they are working." He then shares that information back to the community. The run-group is 'a thing that's working.'
The women have created a community of support for themselves: from the reservation, from family and from the run-group (friends). How? How were the women using social media to meet up to run? Most importantly, Jennings asked, "How do you make a community within a community, that will be supportive?"
He provided the women with cameras for about a week, to document their experiences and show what it means to them to run and to live healthier lives. "And so they photographed and told stories about their individual lives."
"A lot of them had compelling stories about past relationships, their families, wanting to be good ancestors for their children."
He learned that when they run, the women talk about their ancestors. Some who have been adopted out are trying to learn about their culture and rebuild their roots to their ancestors.
"They talk about trauma, they talk about things that have happened and how it has affected their lives. So it's kind of a therapy situation also."
"These women have done it [changed their lives] and I'm just trying to figure out how they did it and how it worked. With their encouragement, I was able to."
Currently Jennings is working on a project called Food Medicine.
"It's a model about food and behavior, history and connection to culture." He is drawn to this type of research because, "It's image-based so there is so much information, not just focusing on one little area."
Collaborative research is attractive to Jennings because it allows for multiple approaches from multiple perspectives. He prefers to explore issues this way. He works with American Indian communities, learning from collective wisdom. He also enjoys working collaboratively at RICH, as part of a larger team of researchers with differing expertise, "bringing many people around the same table, to solve health problems."
Dr. Michelle Johnson-Jennings is Jennings' wife and one of his collaborators at RICH. Both conduct research around tribal health issues, particularly obesity research, and both have said that combining their different approaches enhances the success of their projects.
Dr. Derek Jennings brings deep understanding and expertise of qualitative methods, especially image-based research. With a background in clinical psychology, Dr. Johnson-Jennings applies more quantitative approaches. Together they are able to examine a problem more fully than either approach can offer alone.
"This is the way of the future. I think this is how the academy will be ready to make changes in society – these more collaborative approaches to research."
(Originally published by the Office for Equity and Diversity. Written by Amelie Hyams.)


remove_copy_if(IntArray.cbegin(), IntArray.cend(), back_inserter(IntVector),
 wcout << "Size: " << IntVector.size(); // 6
 Now, if we need to copy only even numbers, we just need to change the expression in lambda as:
 return nValue % 2!= 0;
 You see, to put something you need, you need to express in "don't need" form. If the condition involves multiple conditions (AND, ORs), it becomes more complex to write and understand. Yes, the solution is to negate (!) the whole condition. But that approach again requires you to write in "don't need" form, and is elusive to understand.
 The copy_if function provides a clean and direct approach. You can say it is a copy function with a condition test. The following is code for the "I need events only" requirement:
 copy_if(IntArray.cbegin(), IntArray.cend(), back_inserter(IntVector),
 [](int nValue) { return nValue % 2 == 0;} ); // Positive condition
 Let's have another example, involving the Person tuple. In a vector of Persons, we need to copy only married males. We can write:
 vector OriginalPeople, RequiredPeople;
 OriginalPeople.push_back(make_tuple("Enrique", 32, 'M', 'M')); // Now married!
 OriginalPeople.push_back(make_tuple("James", 38, 'M', 'C'));
 copy_if(OriginalPeople.cbegin(), OriginalPeople.cend(),
 back_inserter(RequiredPeople), // Copy here
 [](const Person& person_obj) -> bool // No simple return, -> required!
 if ( std::get<2>(person_obj) == 'M' &&
 std::get<3>(person_obj) == 'M' )
 return true;
 return false;
 } // Lambda end
 // RequiredPeople would have 2 elements
 Note: As of this writing, the MSDN documentation of copy_if stands incorrect. It says it needs three arguments, but actually it takes four arguments.
 - partition_copy function
 - The partition_copy function partitions the input range into two different output ranges, depending on the condition. If condition is true, it copies into the first output range. If condition is false, it copies into the second output range. Here is an example which generates a few random numbers, and then copies even-numbers and odd-numbers in different vectors:
 vector IntVectorEven, IntVectorOdd;
 array IntArray;
 // Generate random numbers
 generate(IntArray.begin(), IntArray.end(), rand);
 partition_copy(IntArray.cbegin(), IntArray.cend(),
 back_inserter(IntVectorEven), back_inserter(IntVectorOdd),
 // IntVectorEven.size() + IntVectorSize would be: IntArray.size()!
 In the Person vector, let's divide people based on gender:
 vector OriginalPeople, RequiredPeople;
 list Males, Females;
 /** All 5 people inserted same as above **/
 partition_copy(OriginalPeople.cbegin(), OriginalPeople.cend(),
 back_inserter(Males), back_inserter(Females),
 [](const Person& objPerson)
 return std::get<2>(objPerson) == 'M';
 // Males.size = 3, Females.size = 2
 - is_partitioned function
 - This function tests if the given range is partitioned based on the condition given. For example, an array of 10 elements may have a set of negative and zero/positive numbers. Further, assume all negatives are placed before positives, and all positives follow negatives. In that case, it is said to be partitioned. The function is_partitioned would return true if the range is properly partitioned; otherwise; it returns false.
 First, the call to is_partitioned:
 bool bPartitioned = is_partitioned(IntArray.cbegin(), IntArray.cend(),
 [](int nValue){return nValue < 0;} );
 And here, a set of different values is placed into IntArray, and its outcome is partitioned:
 array IntArray =
 {-1, -3, -4, -5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // TRUE
 {-1, 1, 3, 4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // TRUE
 {1, 3, 4, 0, -12, -2,-5, 3, 4, 5}; // FALSE
 {0, 1, 3, 4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // TRUE - Only one partition exists
 {-1, -3, -4, -5, -1, -21, -22, -3,-4, -5}; // TRUE
 {5, 4, 3, 1, 0, -1, -2, -4, -192, -129}; // FALSE, Partitioned, but not as expected
 No. Partitioned range doesn't mean a sorted range. With the following call, we can test if IntArray is partitioned based on the even/odd discipline:
 array IntArray = {2, 4, 8, 64, 256, 1024, 9, 17, 29, 47};
 // Returns true, since it is logically partitioned!
 - partition_point function
 - Documentation says it differently, but by working and looking at the source code, I found out this is the same as calling find_if_not. Thus, I would not write about it until I get the correct information about this function.
 - minmax_element function
 - The minmax_element combines the work performed by the min_element and max_element functions. A recap for you: min_element finds the smallest element in a given range, and max_element finds the largest value in a given range. Since they return an iterator, and not a value, the first found iterator of relevant occurrence would be returned.
 The minmax_element returns a pair of type pair, the first iterator being a reference to the minimum element and the second being a reference to the largest element. Other than just avoiding two function calls, it also performs better than two combined. It performs faster: it finds both values in N * 1.5 attempts, as opposed to N * 2 attempts the two function calls would take (N is the number of elements in a given range).
 For example:
 // It returns pair
 auto minmax_pair = minmax_element(IntArray.cbegin(), IntArray.cend() );
 // Since the pair holds iterators, they must be indirected to get value
 wcout << "\nSmallest:" << (*minmax_pair.first) <<
 "\tLargest: "<< (*minmax_pair.second);
 All three functions are overloaded to take 2 or 3 arguments. The 3-argument function takes a predicate to test for. The predicates should logically implement less-than comparison.
 - is_sorted function
 - As the name suggests, the function is_sorted determines if the given range is sorted ascending (tested via less than operator), or as specified by the predicate function. If the range is sorted, it returns true, otherwise it returns false. The following example is clear-cut, and needs no further explanation.
 bool bIsSorted = is_sorted(IntArray.cbegin(), IntArray.cend());
 // Would be false
 sort(IntArray.begin(), IntArray.end());
 // Now, it would return true
 If we need to test if a vector of Person tuple is sorted or not, we must pass the binary predicate as the comparer, since tuple doesn't define operator < to assist it. In the following example, our "is vector sorted" is based on the person's age.
 vector People;
 bIsSorted = is_sorted(OriginalPeople.cbegin(), OriginalPeople.cend(),
 [](const Person& left_person, const Person& right_person)
 // The second element is age
 return std::get<1>(left_person) < std::get<1>(right_person);
 } );
 // The return value would be true, since elements are inserted in age ascending order
 In case you have some other type of object (like struct, class, pointers), you must provide the appropriate comparer as predicate. Since this article is about new concepts in STL, I am not attempting to give standard examples.
 - is_sorted_until function
 - The big brother of the is_sorted function. The is_sorted_until function is called by is_sorted. The actual task is performed by is_sorted_until.
 What's the difference, you might ask! Well, only that, is_sorted returns bool, whereas is_sorted_until returns the iterator, after which the sorting test fails. For a range [First, Last], if the sorting test succeeds, it returns Last (i.e., the end of the given range); otherwise, it returns one of the iterators where the sorting-test failed. For example:
 array::const_iterator iter; // You see how convenient 'auto' is!
 iter = is_sorted_until(IntArray.cbegin(), IntArray.c


text:
Speech based biomarkers as innovation drivers in medical processes
What does speech say about us and how can automated speech analysis help in diagnostics and early detection of various diseases? The health startup ki:elements has developed an answer.
Founded in 2017 as a spin-off of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence by an interdisciplinary team of AI experts, clinicians, software developers, and psychologists, the Saarbrücken (Germany) -based startup has since pursued the goal of improving the care, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with neurological and psychiatric diseases by using artificial intelligence in medical processes.
For this purpose, ki:elements develops speech based biomarkers, making the company one of the pioneers in the field of speech-based diagnostics.
Nicklas Linz, Co-founder & CEO of ki:elements, has positive memories of participating in our 5-HT X-linker "Digital Health for Pharma": "The event helped us get in touch with a number of different pharmaceutical companies and talk to a wide variety of people. We are confident that collaborations will follow this."
In an interview with 5-HT, Nicklas explains the role speech based biomarkers play in medical innovation, as well as how ki:elements differs from healthcare startups with similar solutions.
Lack of digitalized medical care as motivation to found the company
The ki:elements team recognized that many psychiatric and neurological disorders are largely underdiagnosed today. One of the reasons for this is that diagnoses are still made with pen and paper, as was the case thirty years ago, and generally few digital tools are used: "The fact that in psychiatry in particular, a diagnosis is determined exclusively in conversation has its advantages, but is certainly very subjective. We saw an opportunity here for language to play a role as a window into brain health in many disorders, and for diagnosis and monitoring of these disorders to be more objectively presented."
Speech based biomarkers and how ki:elements uses them
Basically, biomarkers refer to specific biological or medical characteristics that can be measured and objectively assessed. Especially for personalized medicine and the development of new drugs, biomarkers play a major role. In clinical trials, biomarkers can be used to demonstrate the effect of new drugs or treatment methods or to assign patients to treatment groups.
In this context, ki:elements is developing speech based biomarkers based on speech algorithms. More specifically, Nicklas explains, "What distinguishes a digital biomarker from a conventional biomarker is that it is captured by a digital sensor product. When this sensor product picks up speech, we're talking about a speech biomarker.
Ultimately, this algorithm analyzes speech recordings and measures certain symptoms or changes in the body from this."
Nicklas illustrates the function of speech based biomarkers with two application examples: "Suppose a patient is taking a drug that improves his cognition, our speech biomarkers can objectively measure a success. On the other hand, they can also measure deteriorations in cognition caused by a disease, for example," he adds.
Science as a distinguishing feature of ki:elements
Characteristic of ki:elements is that it solves problems using scientific methods: "Since our founding, our business model has essentially consisted of selling science. This takes the form of either products based on science, algorithms validated with scientific methods, or innovations in terms of scientific projects."
It is precisely this science-based work of ki:elements that also appeals to their target audience: "Our biggest partners are pharmaceutical and life science companies. Usually, they use our technology together with their drug development to either test the effectiveness of an active ingredient, to measure signals from a patient, or to enable applications related to a clinical trial."
Digital technologies are particularly useful for preparing clinical trials, as they can be used to find out in advance what symptoms an individual person has and whether that same person is suitable for the specific trial.
Future plans and how 5-HT can help make them a reality
"As a privately funded company, we have grown without investors so far and want to continue to follow this strategy. In doing so, we are always open to new partnerships, such as the one with 5-HT.
Through this cooperation, we hope to solve one problem in particular, namely the difficulty of doing business with the right people in this large, globally networked world. Because making contacts is incredibly time-consuming for a young startup, which is why we hope to get into the right rooms directly and efficiently via the network of 5-HT in order to exchange ideas with the right people, just like with the 5-HT X-linker," concludes Nicklas confidently.
Become part of the 5-HT Digital Hub Chemistry & Health
Exchange ideas with innovative startups and future-oriented companies in our ecosystem. We look forward to meeting you!


text:
Texting is omnipresent, and it's in the news quite a bit. Text messaging has become a huge part of people's lives, especially the under 30 set. How private it texting?
According to various sources, here is some news:
AT&T says it keep messages for up to 72 hours, Sprint PCS for two weeks, and Verizon says texts don't stay on the network for a long period.
Here are a few tips to keep texts private:
* Don't ever text personal information such as your PIN number, password, or banking information to anyone. Remember, once you send that information to another person, it gets stored in their cell phone and you don't want that.
* Put a password on your phone to keep others from accessing your text logs or email. This will also prevent thieves from stealing information stored in your phone.
* iPhone owners may want to change their SMS preview settings to make incoming text messaging more private. Apple iPhone Review has instructions on how to do this.
* Those concerned about privacy can send anonymous text messages with services like AnonTxt.com.
* Don't forget to erase all your personal data before selling, recycling or donating your old phone.
* And last but not least, remember that no matter how secure you think your carrier's SMS servers are, the ultimate security of private text messages depends on the recipient.


text:
Read this Book
Number of Pages -
Find other books like this one in the library
Dima is a bright and colorful picture book for children. It is a story of a young boy whose imagination takes him to the clouds, which he calls Dima, the Arabic word for clouds. In the sky, the boy attends a party with the moon. By the end of the book the boy understands when the moon is full and when it is a half moon.
The Tamer Institute for Community Education, Ramallah - Palestine
Tamer Institute for Community Education - Palestine
Copyright held by - Tamer Institute for Community Education.
This work is made available with the permission of the owner of copyright.
Book has round pages.
Link to This Book


Home arrow Blog arrow Autoload in complex systems
Autoload in complex systems
It's very tedious keeping track of code modules, and the PHP 5 ability to autoload them is a great boon. But in a complex system, such as a CMS, multiple software applications have to coexist, and this places demands on autoload techniques. In some environments, the system autoloader must come last.
We'll fix that in a moment, but first let's review where we are. The first implementation of autoload in PHP 5 was a simple function with a special name "__autoload". That proved valuable but was inflexible because only a single autoload system could be implemented since functions are global and so there can be only one __autoload function.
With PHP 5.1.2 came the spl_autoload set of functions that provided for a whole bunch of autoload functions to be registered, each with an arbitrary name and the possibility of being a method, static or not, as an alternative to a function. The manual refers to them as a "stack" but that can be misleading. The first to be registered will be called first when a class is not found, and so on up to the last to be registered, or until the class is found and the answer "true" given by an autoload function.
So far so good. Some systems (such as Joomla 1.5) use the old __autoload function. But any use of spl_autoload_register will disable the __autoload function. People have got round this by a somewhat standard technique of adding (if present) the __autoload function. So, some typical code might be:
spl_autoload_register('myClass', 'myAutoloadMethod');
if (function_exists('__autoload')) spl_autoload_register('__autoload');
Now multiple applications may be doing this, and if the order in which the autoloaders are called does not matter, then the code above works fine. But in a CMS like Joomla, it is important that the system autoloader be called last. This is because other autoloaders may perform actions that do not load the class, but provide information to the CMS to enable the CMS autoloader to do the actual loading. That technique will not work unless the CMS autoloader is called last.
Reflecting on the code above and the way spl_autoload_register works tells us that if the code is used more than once, the CMS autoloader will not remain last. The first use of the code will work. But the second time it is called, the new autoloader is added to the end of the list. Because the CMS autoloader is already in the list, the second call to spl_autoload_register does not do anything, since the PHP function is smart enough to ignore requests to add functions already registered.
And if a CMS like that is modernised (as is happening with Joomla 1.6) so that it uses spl_autoload_register itself, then the code above will fail to keep the CMS autoloader at the end of the list, even the first time it is used.
With PHP 5.3 we could easily get round the problem because an additional parameter to spl_autoload_register will tell it to put the new autoloader at the start of the list, instead of the default action of adding it to the end. But we don't all have the luxury of being able to assume our code will run with PHP 5.3.
So for an environment where the original autoloader needs to be kept at the end, slightly more elaborate code is needed:
$myautoloader = array('myClass', 'myAutoloadMethod');
// Ensure that the system autoload function remains the last in the "stack"
// Find registered autoload functions and unregister them
$already = spl_autoload_functions();
foreach ($already as $func) spl_autoload_unregister($func);
// Register my autoload function as the first and then re-register the others
spl_autoload_register($myautoloader);
foreach ($already as $func) spl_autoload_register($func);
// and then use original __autoload if it exists
// - if already registered it will be ignored
if(function_exists("__autoload")) {
 spl_autoload_register("__autoload");
}
Apart from the first line, which defines the autoloader to be added, the rest of the code is standard and can be used unaltered. (Provided the variables $already and $func do not clash with anything in the existing code!)
#128008 • 07/12/2010 9:32am by Martin Brampton • Vote: Up votes (338) Down votes (186)


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The organ was made for Hassop Hall, the home of the Roman Catholic Eyre family, perhaps in 1816, and moved to the new church in around 1828. It was made by Henry Cephas Lincoln ("Organ Builder to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales"), and is a fine example by an excellent organbuilder. It had suffered a bit in recent years, partly at the hands of an incompetent organbuilder. Repairs were carried out by Martin Goetze, Edward Bennett and Dominic Gwynn in 1987.
|c° – f³
|GG – BB stopped wood
|GG 17.19.22, f#° 15.17.19
|c¹ 12.15.17, e² 8.12
A shifting movement removes Principal, Fifteenth and mixtures.
The key compass is GG AA to f³. The pitch is A425, with some of the pipes still cut to length, some tuned with slides. The tuning was left as equal temperament, to disturb the pipework as little as possible.
Wind pressure 58mm


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Machine Vision Implementation in Rapid PCB Prototyping
Image processing, the heart of machine vision, has proven itself to be an essential part of the industries today. Its application has opened new doorways, making more concepts in manufacturing processes viable. This paper presents an application of machine vision in designing a module with the ability to extract drills and route coordinates from an un-mounted or mounted printed circuit board (PCB). The algorithm comprises pre-capturing processes, image segmentation and filtering, edge and contour detection, coordinate extraction, and G-code creation. OpenCV libraries and Qt IDE are the main tools used. Throughout some testing and experiments, it is concluded that the algorithm is able to deliver acceptable results. The drilling and routing coordinate extraction algorithm can extract in average 90% and 82% of the whole drills and routes available on the scanned PCB in a total processing time of less than 3 seconds. This is achievable through proper lighting condition, good PCB surface condition and good webcam quality.
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It should be noted that maps of offenders may not show all offenders in a given area. This is because home, work, school, and temporary address information may not be adequate to map. It also is important to recognize that not all institutions such as schools or day care centers may be located on offender maps. The MSHP receives mapped institutional data from different state agencies, and has no control over the completeness or accuracy of these data. Discrepancies in mapped data when found can be reported to the MSHP for correction.
If the address searched is mapped on the wrong map location, use below button to add the correct location and it will recalculate the distance search.
Take a screen shot of the address correct location, include the GPS coordinates and send it in an email to


wage-n; 3 Senses
Sense Number 1: regular compensation in exchange for labor
Commentary: WAGE[+amount][+payment][+compensation][+regular]
The foreman pays the construction workers their wages on Friday afternoon.
The government ordered a wage freeze for three months.
Mary listed her wages, tips and interest earned on her tax return.
The pilots union received a wage concession of 5 percent from the airline.
The students marched in support of a living wage for the custodial staff at their university.
WordNet 3.0 Sense Numbers: 1
Sense Number 2: the share of the total GNP that is earned income
Commentary: WAGES[+proportion][+GNP][+income][+earned]
NOTE: always in the plural
Wages and unearned income both increased this quarter according to economists.
Reports for wages and orders for durable goods will come out next week.
WordNet 0.0 Sense Numbers: 1b
Sense Number 3: the reward or consequence for something
Commentary: WAGE[+state][+consequence][+reward]
NOTE: a metaphoric extension of sense 1
The wages of sin is death.
WordNet 0.0 Sense Numbers: 2


AIPS NRAO AIPS HELP file for MODIFY in 31DEC22
As of Mon May 16 5:02:51 2022
MODIFY: Pseudoverb to edit characters in a line of a proc
INPUTS
 No adverbs: grammar is
 MODIFY
 and codes are
 space : keep old character
 $ : delete old character
 @ : replace with blank
 _ : (underscore) start or end insertion
 other : replace old character with typed one
HELP SECTION
MODIFY
Type: Pseudoverb (ONLY command in a line)
Use: Allows user to modify characters within a line of an AIPS
 procedure to correct the line or change its meaning.
 The grammar is:
 MODIFY
 where is the procedure name and
 is the line number in the procedure as shown by LIST.
 MODIFY first shows the existing line prefixed by ?
Then it prompts for input with a ? To keep the character
of the original line immediately above the cursor, type a
blank (space-bar). To delete it, type a $ (dollar-sign).
To replace it, type the new character (to get a new blank
character type an @ sign). To insert text prior to the
character immediately above the cursor, type an _ then the
desired text followed by an _. You may continue to MODIFY
the rest of the line, but remember that the current character
position in the old line is now to the left of the current
cursor position by the number of inserted characters (plus
the 2 _'s). MODIFY displays the edited line after you hit
a carriage return, and does not change the line number.
The EXPLAIN file for MODIFY gives an example of its use.
EXPLAIN SECTION
MODIFY: Pseudoverb to edit lines in AIPS procedures
DOCUMENTOR: Alan Bridle (NRAO-Charlottesville)
RELATED PROGRAMS: PROC, LIST
 PURPOSE
 MODIFY provides a rudimentary editor for lines in AIPS
procedures. The writing and editing of long (>10 lines)
procedures using the AIPS editor will be appreciated by users
who also enjoy eating cold toads for breakfast on the grounds
that everything else in the day will be an improvement. Long
procedures are best edited in text files at monitor level in the
computer, where there are good editing facilities. Such files
may then be transferred to AIPS using the RUN file facility.
 COMMENTS
 Here is an example of the use of MODIFY:
 To modify line 2 in an AIPS procedure called ED:
 >MODIFY ED 2
 The computer replies with:
 ?TYPE 'THIS IS EDS PROC'
 ?
 You now type:
 MY@_NEW_ @FOR@EXAMPLE'
 so that the terminal reads:
 ?TYPE 'THIS IS EDS PROC'
 ? MY@_NEW_ @FOR@EXAMPLE'
 followed by a carriage return, and the computer replies:
 TYPE 'THIS IS MY NEW PROC FOR EXAMPLE'
 showing you the edited line.
 As a second example, type:
 >MODIFY ED 2
 The computer replies with:
 ?TYPE 'THIS IS MY NEW PROC FOR EXAMPLE'
 ?
 You type:
 $$$$ _EDURE,_
 so that the terminal reads:
 ?TYPE 'THIS IS MY NEW PROC FOR EXAMPLE'
 ? $$$$ _EDURE,_
 followed by a carriage return, and the computer replies:
 TYPE 'THIS IS MY PROCEDURE, FOR EXAMPLE'
 Enjoy your toad.
AIPS


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Ethnic Anklet Tutorial on How to Make an Anklet with String and Beads
Summary: In this article, I will show you how to make an anklet with string and bead. As you can see from the picture, this is an ethnic anklet with beads. It's also easy to make, let's check the details.
Anklet is especially popular during summer. You can wear on your feet when go to the beach or just go out shopping or something else. In order to create an ethnic anklet, I chose some handmade lampwork beads and glass beads to start. Now follow me to learn how to make it.
Supplies in the ethnic anklet DIY:
Instructions on making the ethnic beaded anklet:
Step 1: Attach lampwork bead
1st, snip off a long black elastic string, and tie a knot with nylon thread as a starting point;
2nd, cross the elastic string through the lampwork bead's hole and tie the other end tightly to the elastic string.
Step 2: Add beads to the string
1st, thread a good seed bead, a bead and a seed bead to a short nylon string;
2nd, tie it to the elastic string and trim off the excess;
3rd, thread a gold seed bead to a long nylon string and tie to the starting point.
Step 3: Bead the main part
1st, thread black glass beads and gold seed beads alternatively and until you finally reach the bead and tie the thread to the elastic string in the same place as the bead;
2nd, snip off 2 black nylon threads and thread beads as the previous thread, and then tie ends on the elastic string;
3rd, attach 2 beads on the string.
Step 4: Finish the anklet
1st, prepare a short chain, 2 cord endings and a lobster clasp;
2nd, attach 2 cord endings to the string;
3rd,connet the anklet with chain and lobster clasp.
Just look at my handmade anklet! I love it and I wore it on my feet immediately.
Making an ethnic anklet at home is a meaningful thing instead of lying in bed playing cellphone. The supplies in this easy DIY project are simple too, making it easier for both green hands and professional jewelry makers. There are many other anklet designs on this site, just check what you like.


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3B Scientific® SEK Solar Energy
Physics Educational Materials
Alternative Energy Learning Activities
How Much Power can you get From the Sun?
- Includes Instruction For 16 Experiments
- Compact Storage Case
Large equipment set for carrying out 16 fundamental experiments on solar energy. The basic parameters and properties of solar modules and the aspects which affect their energy efficiency can all be demonstrated by experiment. Contained in a rugged metal case including foam inlay with recesses in the shape of the apparatus. The system allows you to assemble experiments easily and in a compact set-up on or in the lid of the kit's carry case. Includes CD with experiment instructions.


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French 3D visualisation specialist SIRADEL has launched its 'Urban Climate Resilience Toolkit' to help cities better anticipate and tackle climate change risks.
The toolkit is based on the firm's digital twin software. Firstly, it allows user to carry out a "triple diagnosis" of the territory in question, taking into account the presence of vegetation, heat islands of heat or coolness as well as the index of vulnerability to heat waves.
The second step consists of determining the areas to be revegetated and dewatering as a priority, then calculating the impacts on the environment and quality of life.
Finally, climate simulations make it possible to measure the impact of urban development projects while considering the latest warming hypotheses, so cities can adapt and plan their public policies according to their climate action goals.
By offering a clear vision of a city's climate change situation, the toolkit – composed of three customisable solutions already deployed in several cities – is billed as a valuable decision-making tool in planning and implementing urban sustainability action plans.
Christophe Papin, smart solutions director at SIRADEL, said: "These solutions have been developed to help stakeholders in charge of land development, but also landowners or real estate asset managers to make their assets more resilient to climate change. They are easily customisable to take into account the characteristics of each territory and the associated needs."
SIRADEL hopes that the new tool will help build a more resilient cities where biodiversity, human well-being and urban infrastructures are "all protected and enriched".
Are you a building professional? Sign up for a FREE MEMBERSHIP to upload news stories, post job vacancies, and connect with colleagues on our secure social feed.


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WolmaransstadWolmaransstad is a maize-farming town situated on the N12 between Johannesburg and Kimberley in North West Province of South Africa. The town lies in an important alluvial diamond-mining area.
Wolmaransstad originated in 1891 on the banks of the Makwasi River (San word for a type of wild spearmint) and takes its name from JMA Wolmarans, a volksraad councilman.
The Dutch Reformed church building was designed by Gerard Moerdijk.
This town from the start of the famous Diamond Route and is situated 80km from Klerksdorp and approximately 3 hours from Johannesburg.
Wolmaransstad serves a large community and is an important diamond buying center. It's a farming and prospecting community forming part of the area where the highest concentration of earth moving equipment, in the world, can be found.
The town hosts an annual show and the renowned "Porrel Mardi Gras" is held here during the winter months.
Temperatures during the winter months can drop below zero degrees whilst summer months reach a high of fourty degrees. Although it's a fairly dry area, cattle farming is wide spread within the area. Various sandstone buildings can be found in this picturesque town.


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Tuesday, 11 February 2003
Water balance computations of seasonal changes in terrestrial water storage for major Eurasian river basins
Seasonal variations in terrestrial water storage can be computed with the
water-balance method using three main variables: the water vapour
flux convergence, the precipitable water content, and river runoff. The two
first variables are available with high resolution and good accuracy
in present reanalysis data, and river runoff is commonly measured in most parts
of the world. A case study for the Mississippi river basin shows
that this method can provide reliable estimates of monthly changes in
terrestrial water storage (see paper J3.18).
Here we present computed estimates of seasonal changes in terrestrial water
storage for various major river basins in Europe and Asia. The employed data
include ERA-40 reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasts (atmospheric water vapour flux and precipitable water content) and
conventional runoff measurements. When available, comparisons with soil moisture
measurements are presented.


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sensors covers almost any area where high-tech is applied.Rapid design of aircraft fuel quantity indication systems 2.FQI design problem description.The FQI design process is heavily influenced by the types of sensors used within the system.The basic principles of the most widely used sensor technology,the capacitance probe,has changed little since its early presentation in the 1940s .In an abstract sense,a single probe represents a means to establish the fuel level at a specific point in the tank.
Effect of Alloy 625 Buffer Layer on Hardfacing of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel Using Nickel Base Hardfacing Alloy.NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Chakraborty,Gopa; Das,C.R.; AlbStainless Steel Material Magnetic Liquid Level Probe High quality Stainless Steel Material Magnetic Liquid Level Probe Automatic Tank Gauge System from China,China's leading fuel tank probe product,with strict quality control float level transmitter factories,producing high quality float level transmitter products.
That is far different than my experience,obviously different from CarGurus experience on this site,and apparently different from the over 4,000 people on Rav4World related to this gas gauge problem (2,900 on the current site,and about 1,200 that someone wiped out after the thread was started in June/July when the problem first surfaced US7409852B2 - System and method for testing fuel tank The invention relates generally to a system and method for testing fuel evaporative systems,and more particularly to a stand-alone tank tester system (and method) for testing vehicle fuel tank integrity.Furthermore,a self-contained calibration tank with switchable leak sizes for calibrating the tank tester to multiple leak sizes is provided.US7865317B2 ,page11.
Browse through 365 potential providers in the gauge industry on Europages,a worldwide B2B sourcing platform.
accurate absolute gauge ss316l design fuel tank differenti price, Best price accurate absolute gauge ss316l design fuel tank differenti, accurate absolute gauge ss316l design fuel tank differenti chemical composition, accurate absolute gauge ss316l design fuel tank differenti yield strength, accurate absolute gauge ss316l design fuel tank differenti equivalent, accurate absolute gauge ss316l design fuel tank differenti properties, accurate absolute gauge ss316l design fuel tank differenti in China, what is accurate absolute gauge ss316l design fuel tank differenti,


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Volume: 5 Issue: 10
||KINETIC ESTIMATION OF D-XYLOSE BY ELECTRON TRANSFER INDICATOR REACTION WITH Mn(III) PYROPHOSPHATE
KINETIC ESTIMATION OF D-XYLOSE BY ELECTRON TRANSFER INDICATOR REACTION WITH Mn(III) PYROPHOSPHATE
The Mn(III) in the form of pyrophosphate has been used in the present electron transfer indicator reaction with D-xylose for their kinetic estimations using following indicator reaction.
CHO(CHOH)3CH2OH +2Mn(III) + H2O → CHO(CHOH)2CH2OH +HCOOH +2Mn(II)+ 2H+
The rate data of present indicator reactions in the form of decreasing absorbance at 514nm (λ max of Mn(III) pyrophosphate complex) with time given for this indicator reaction have been used for their respective estimation in simulated samples adopting (a) rate constant, (b) variation of absorbance at fixed time (c) variation of time at fixed absorbance of (d) one point and (e) two point methods using respective calibration plots. The consistency and reproducibility of these results have clearly showed that this kinetic estimations of can be used as an alternative/additional analytical method to the existing traditional estimation methods in the present day laboratory conditions and also as advance laboratory experiments
Keywords: Mn(III) pyrophosphate, Kinetic estimation, Electron transfer, D-xylose, Indicator reaction


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Your Favourite Photoshop Tutorials in One Place
Create a Massive Tsunami Impacting the Statue of Liberty Scene
Under Photo Effect, Photoshop Tutorial
In this tutorial, we will create a massive tsunami impacting the Statue of Liberty in the sea. To achieve this, we will be combing and adjusting regular images to form a stormy composition, with a massive tsunami rushing past the Statue of Liberty.
In this Photoshop tutorial, it will manipulate a beach to be created in the universe in Photoshop. We show another space world in this photo montage tutorial. In this process, everyone can create such amazing photo editing using different images to get such amazing result.
In this tutorial, it will show you the steps to manipulate a man portrait into black magic in Photoshop. We will use some bare metal texture and fire stock images, plus a number of image adjustment techniques to form this effect.
To create something in the water, you have to adjust your object opacity and play around your layers. As long as you can be familiar with these skills, you can carry out different mixtures for your objects such as sky, water and your turtle or others to form your imaginative scene.
You can use Photoshop to do a lot of art works inclulding photo manipulation. Using this, you can do something extraordinary and bring the legend into life. And this tutorial, it is going to show you how to create a piece of Heaven in Photoshop.
You may wonder how to turn an athlete picture to something unusual. You can have a look at this tutorial as a good reference. This tutorial just gives you an idea to draw out the muscle and tendon as a remarkable illustration.
You may find most of the CD cover or poster to be too normal as the most common way is to put a picture as a cover. To create a special one, you can design one in which, a bird enters in a room and papers fly around to form a imaginative scenery.


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Ensuring Data Security with Reliable Communication Cables
In today's digital age, the integrity of our data is paramount. As we increasingly rely on electronic communication, the responsibility to protect our valuable information falls largely upon the cables that transmit it. Without reliable and secure cables, our sensitive data could be exposed to malicious actors and hackers.
The importance of secure cables becomes apparent when we consider the types of data they carry. From financial transactions to personal medical records, the information flowing through our networks is often highly confidential. The use of low-quality or uncertified cables can create vulnerabilities that make it easier for unauthorized parties to intercept and manipulate this sensitive data.
Reliable communication cables are essential for protecting against these threats. They are designed with robust materials and advanced encryption technologies that prevent unauthorized access. By using high-quality cables, businesses and individuals can ensure the integrity of their data transmissions, safeguarding them from potential breaches and data loss.
Moreover, reliable cables can provide peace of mind in an era where cyber threats are constantly evolving. With the rise of sophisticated hacking techniques, it is crucial to have a strong line of defense in place. Secure cables act as a barrier against these threats, ensuring that data remains confidential and protected from malicious actors.
Investing in reliable communication cables is not just a cost-effective measure; it is an essential step towards safeguarding our valuable data. By choosing high-quality cables certified by reputable standards organizations, we can reduce our vulnerability to data breaches and maintain the integrity of our digital communications.
As the world becomes more interconnected and dependent on electronic data, the demand for reliable communication cables will continue to grow. By embracing the use of secure cables, we can create a safer and more secure digital infrastructure that protects our data, our privacy, and our financial well-being.
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Our sense of sound can be a powerful tool in exploring and analysing data collected from satellites. But what is the best way to make this data audible? Space science researchers at Imperial College London are asking for input from communities with relevant expertise (including Audio, Citizen Science, Music, Public Engagement, and Science Communication) to help us choose the best method of making Ultra-Low Frequency waves around the Earth audible. Fill out our quick survey telling us which you think sounds best. It shouldn't take more than 10 minutes. Your valuable feedback and recommendations will help space scientists around the world to improve science communication, public engagement, and citizen science.
If you would like further information please contact Dr Martin Archer, Stephen Hawking Fellow in Space Physics at Imperial College London via _EMAIL_. Thank you for your help!
The 40th annual ARRL and TAPR Digital Communications Conference (DCC) will take place September 17–18, 2021. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, this year's conference will be held online. Registered DCC attendees participating via Zoom will be able to interact with presenters and other attendees via a chat room as well as raise a virtual hand to ask questions. Click here to register (you don't need a Zoom account to register). Non-registered DCC attendees can watch the live stream for free on YouTube and can chat and ask questions via the moderator monitoring the channel. No registration is required for YouTube access (the YouTube URL will be announced and posted on this webpage preceding the DCC). DCC registration is free for TAPR members and $30 for non-members. Members receive a 100% discount at checkout. Click here to register. Non-members who would like to join TAPR and receive the free DCC pass can simply add TAPR membership and DCC registration to their shopping carts. After checkout, they will receive the free DCC pass when their membership is processed.
Call for Papers and Speakers: Technical papers are being solicited for presentation. Papers will also be published in the Conference Proceedings. Authors do not need to participate in the conference to have their papers included in the Proceedings. The submission deadline is August 15, 2020. Submit papers via email to Maty Weinberg, KB1EIB, _EMAIL_. Papers will be published exactly as submitted, and authors will retain all rights.
Registration is now open for the 2021 HamSCI workshop. A full schedule of speakers and registration information can be found on the HamSCI Workshop 2021 website. The workshop will be held in a virtual format on Friday and Saturday, March 19-20. The University of Scranton will serve as host for the Zoom webinar, sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF), that will include addresses by guest speakers, poster presentations and demonstrations of relevant instrumentation and software. The theme of this year's workshop is midlatitude ionospheric science. The workshop will also serve as a team meeting for the HamSCI Personal Space Weather Station project, which is a NSF funded project awarded to University of Scranton physics and electrical engineering professor Nathaniel Frissell, Ph.D. The project seeks to harness the power of a network of licensed amateur radio operators to better understand and measure the effects of weather in the upper levels of Earth's atmosphere.
The annual HamSCI Workshop will be held virtually this year March 19-20, 2021 using Zoom hosted by The University of Scranton and sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The primary objective of the HamSCI workshop is to bring together the amateur radio community and professional scientists. The theme of the 2021 HamSCI Workshop is midlatitude ionospheric science. We welcome submissions related to development of the Personal Space Weather Station, ionospheric science, atmospheric science, radio science, space weather, radio astronomy, and any science topic that can be appropriately related to the amateur radio hobby. We especially encourage subimissions related to this year's meeting theme of midlatitude ionospheric physics, but will also accept abstracts outside of this theme and otherwise appropriate. To submit an abstract, please fill out the on the HamSCI Workshop 2021 page at _URL_
Save the dates! The next HamSCI workshop will be held virtually March 19-20, 2021. The HamSCI workshop is an annual meeting to share scientific and engineering ideas and results related to amateur radio, radio propagation, and radio science, as well as foster collaborations between the amateur radio and professional space science and space weather communities. The 2021 workshop will serve as both a team meeting for the Personal Space Weather Station project, as well as a forum for presentations on topics relevant to the HamSCI mission. The format will be similar to virtual March 2020 HamSCI workshop. Thanks to support from the National Science Foundation and The University of Scranton, the cost of this workshop is free. Abstract will be due February 15th. Information regarding abstract submission and other workshop details will be forthcoming. Please join the HamSCI Google Group to stay up-to-date on the latest information.
"The question was asked: why do we see sporadic-E like propagation in November and December, when many of the variables like UV radiation and solar exposure are at a minimum, unlike the very active sporadic-E summer months? Much like it was shown that North Atlantic transatlantic 6m propagation during the summer was made more possible by strategically placed weather storm systems, it looks like a similar effect with very strong jet stream boundaries also affect sporadic-e like communications during the winter months. This citizen science study is another example how amateur radio can contribute to science, and illustrates the great potentials for studies using ham radio data. We have many amateur radio stations on the air, using modes like FT8 which make contacts on propagation paths that we thought were previously impossible."


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Air Quality - Odor
What are odors called and how are they measured?
An odorant is a specific gas, such as ammonia or hydrogen sulfide, which can contribute to the creation of odors perceived by humans.
Odors are complex mixtures of odorants, of which over 160 different types have been identified in swine manure alone. An odorant is not considered an odor until it is perceived by humans.
Olfactometry is the use of the human sense of smell to characterize odors. The human nose can detect over 10,000 different odors.
What are some of the challenges with managing odors?
Individual gas concentrations are not necessarily correlated with "odor". Nuisance odors are often transient and difficult to measure objectively. To establish objective thresholds, very strict protocol is needed to conduct the measurements.
What is Pennsylvania's Odor Management Program?
The Commonwealth's Odor Management Program is a planning approach that addresses the potential impacts of odors, and then implements management strategies or technologies to minimize impacts. Pennsylvania's program was authorized under Act 38 of 2005. An odor management plan is site-specific and assesses potential odor impacts in order to identify the best possible, implementable odor management practices
The plan does not require the elimination of odors, rather proactive management of them. Odor management plans are required for concentrated animal operations and concentrated animal feeding operations for new construction activities of animal housing or manure storage. The program does not include land application of manure or existing facilities.


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Can effective weed management be obtained by grouping species by life cycle? Case studies from the cotton industry II.
Individual weed species have different life cycle characteristics and these differences often require specific management strategies. Despite this, identification of commonality in key life cycle parameters between different species may increase the effectiveness of weed management strategies. This growth cabinet study examined the development of 19 weed taxa and two cotton cultivars. Phenological development was assessed using a day degree relationship that had previously been validated for cotton. The trial was conducted under a 12 h light regime at 35°C and 12 h dark regime at 25°C until 690 day degrees after cotton emergence. In general, the weeds examined had rapid seedling leaf development and a shorter vegetative period than cotton. Some taxa emerged earlier than cotton, while others produced seeds before flowering in cotton. The results indicated that while early season post-emergence weed control in cotton crops will be important in managing the weeds examined, more attention should be paid to pre-emergent cotton weed control. To reduce seed set, targeted management of certain weed species such as Amaranthus macrocarpus Benth., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Ipomoea lonchophylla J.M.Black, Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv. during their early growth is needed.