recovery process.
The main component of described leach liquor is: acidity is the hydrochloric acid of 3.7-4.5M, the indium of 1-5 grams per liter, the zinc of 5-15 grams per liter; The lead of 2-5 grams per liter, the tin of 2-5 grams per liter, the antimony of 2-6 grams per liter, the arsenic of 1-10 grams per liter, the ferric iron of 2-6 grams per liter.
Positively effect of the present invention is: adopt the method removal of impurities of extraction and back extraction, its flow process continuity is good, the basic free of losses of indium, and can reclaim iron trichloride, tin and antimony respectively, and can significantly reduce production cost, improve operating environment, ensure health of operators, obtain good economic benefits.
[embodiment]
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
The annual output in smeltery, the present patent application people Shaoguan is rich in about 800 tons of the vacuum oven germanium slag of valuable metals such as germanium, indium, these slags enter the comprehensive recovery that horse dam subsidiary factory carries out germanium, indium, and comprehensive technical process of reclaiming is: ball mill crushing → acidleach dezincify → oxidizing roasting → secondary breaking → chlorinated distillation reclaims germanium → extraction and reclaims indium.Behind chlorinated distillation recovery germanium, indium in the slag all enters in the residual acid of distillation, the acidity of distilling residual acid is 7-8M hydrochloric acid, fully utilize these residual acid substitution industry concentrated hydrochloric acids and carry out the leaching that other contains the indium material, the main component of this leach liquor is: acidity is the hydrochloric acid of 3.7-4.5M, the indium of 1-5 grams per liter, the zinc of 5-15 grams per liter; The lead of 2-5 grams per liter, the tin of 2-5 grams per liter, the antimony of 2-6 grams per liter, the arsenic of 1-10 grams per liter, the ferric iron of 2-6 grams per liter.
Carry out the recovery of indium from above-mentioned leach liquor, its whole technological process is: leach liquor → extraction ferric iron, tin and antimony → washing organic phase → back extraction ferric iron → back extraction tin, antimony, the solution that has removed the element of main interference extraction directly enters the operation that traditional TBP-P204 combined extraction reclaims indium.
At first be that the acidity of leach liquor is regulated, by adding material or add concentrated hydrochloric acid, the acidity adjustment of leach liquor between hydrochloric acid 4 ± 0.3mol/L, leached clear liquid then; Second step was that ferric iron, tin and antimony are extracted, adopt mixed extractant counter-current extraction ferric iron, tin and the antimony of 30%TBP+60% sulfonated kerosene+10% secondary octanol, extraction progression is level Four, and comparing of water and organic phase is that variation according to impurity concentration is adjusted; Be that organic phase is washed then, with the hydrochloric acid soln washing organic phase of preparation 4N, the small amount of indium of carrying secretly in the organic phase washed that progression is two-stage, washing lotion can be recycled, and treats to go to leach liquor recovery indium behind its indium height; Then ferric iron being washed, is to adopt the hydrochloric acid soln of the 1N for preparing that the ferric iron back extraction in the organic phase is got off, and back extraction progression is two-stage, and washings enters the iron trichloride recovery process; Be that tin, antimony are carried out back extraction at last, add tin, antimony in a small amount of citric acid back extraction organic phase in the hydrochloric acid soln of the 0.1N for preparing, make organic phase regeneration, back extraction progression is level Four, and washings enters tin, antimony recovery process.
The leaching yield of indium of the present invention enters extraction procedure near absolutely after the adjustment of leach liquor process acidity.The applicant comes into effect novel process from April, 2006, has reached six months so far, during Technology stable, the thick indium of output is 1500 kilograms, the rate of recovery of indium is greater than 90%, the thick indium quality of output is good, can directly enter the electrorefining operation.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of hydrochloric acid system reclaims the extraction and separation technology of major impurity in the indium, comprise the back extraction of the extraction of adjusting, ferric iron, tin and the antimony of leach liquor acidity, the washing of organic phase, ferric washing, tin, antimony, it is characterized in that: the adjusting of described leach liquor acidity is by adding material or adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, the acidity adjustment of leach liquor between hydrochloric acid 4 ± 0.3mol/L, is leached clear liquid then;
The extraction of described ferric iron, tin and antimony is that extraction progression is level Four with mixed extractant counter-current extraction ferric iron, tin and the antimony of 30%TBP+60% sulfonated kerosene+10% secondary octanol, and comparing of water and organic phase is that variation according to impurity concentration is adjusted;
The washing of described organic phase is the hydrochloric acid soln washing organic phase of preparation 4N, and the small amount of indium of carrying secretly in the organic phase is washed, and progression is two-stage, and washing lotion can be recycled, and treats to go to leach liquor recovery indium behind its indium height;
Described ferric washing is to use the hydrochloric acid soln of the 1N for preparing that the ferric iron back extraction in the organic phase is got off, and back extraction progression is two-stage, and washings enters the iron trichloride recovery process;
The back extraction of described tin, antimony is tin, the antimony that adds in the hydrochloric acid soln of the 0.1N for preparing in a small amount of citric acid back extraction organic phase, makes organic phase regeneration, and back extraction progression is level Four, and washings enters tin, antimony recovery process.
2, hydrochloric acid system as claimed in claim 1 reclaims the extraction and separation technology of major impurity in the indium, and it is characterized in that: the main component of described leach liquor is: acidity is the hydrochloric acid of 3.7-4.5M, the indium of 1-5 grams per liter, the zinc of 5-15 grams per liter; The lead of 2-5 grams per liter, the tin of 2-5 grams per liter, the antimony of 2-6 grams per liter, the arsenic of 1-10 grams per liter, the ferric iron of 2-6 grams per liter.
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Cited By (7)
* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102061398A (en) * 2010-11-29 2011-05-18 广州有色金属研究院 Separating and recycling method of indium in hydrochloric acid system
CN102534212A (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-07-04 北京有色金属研究总院 Method for separating low-concentration multiple metal ions through extraction and stepwise back-extraction
CN102703695A (en) * 2012-06


text:
Georgia Allows Endangered Animal Hunts
Country hopes to promote tourism
Get access to everything we publish when you sign up for Outside+.
The Republic of Georgia last month allowed hunters to kill animals on the nation's Red List of protected species in an effort to boost tourism. The Energy and Natural Resources Ministry included the brown bear, Caucasian tur (an antelope), and red deer on a list animals that can be legally hunted. Hunters must obtain a license and pay a fee for each animal they kill, and Georgia's environment minister says that the new rules may help reduce poaching. Killing tur during mating and birthing seasons will remain prohibited.
Read more at Transitions Online

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Acid-fast stain
The acid-fast stain is a laboratory test that determines if a sample of tissue, blood, or other body substance is infected with the bacteria that causes tuberculosis and other illnesses.
How the Test is Performed
Your health care provider will collect a sample of urine, stool, sputum, bone marrow, or tissue, depending on the location of the suspected infection.
The sample is then sent to a laboratory. There, some of the sample is placed on a glass slide, stained, and heated. The cells in the sample hold onto the dye. The slide is then washed with an acid solution and a different stain is applied.
Bacteria that hold onto the first dye are considered "acid-fast" because they resist the acid wash. This type of bacteria is associated with tuberculosis and other infections.
How to Prepare for the Test
Preparation depends on how the sample is collected. Your health care provider will tell you how to prepare.
How the Test will Feel
The amount of discomfort depends on how the sample is collected. Your health care provider will discuss this with you.
Why the Test is Performed
The test can tell if you are likely infected with the bacteria that causes tuberculosis and related infections.
Normal Results
A normal result means no acid-fast bacteria were found on the stained sample.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results may be due to:
Risks depend on how the sample is collected. Ask your health provider to explain the risks and benefits of the medical procedure.
Reynolds J. Differential staining of bacteria: acid fast stain. Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2009; Appendix 3: Appendix 3H.
 - Call 911 for all medical emergencies.


text:
Bp Premier ships with a samples database that can assist in training new practice staff and familiarising users with the software without the danger of making changes to actual patient data or the live database.
Frequently asked questions
How do I use the samples database?
During installation, a shortcut to the samples database called 'Best Practice samples' is installed on the server or workstation desktop.
- Double-click the Best Practice samples icon on the desktop.
- Log in using one of the usernames listed in What users are there?.
- Enter a password of 'samples' and click Ok.
- Use the software as normal. Any changes made to configuration or patient data will be limited to the samples database. Access to Bp Premier functionality will be limited to the permissions set for the user selected in step 2.
- Log out of the samples database when you are finished training.
Available users in the samples database include:
Dr. Fredrick Findacure
Dr. Ivor Cure
Ms Nadine Nurse
Miss Jenny Reception
Ms Susan Senior Reception
Mrs Diabetes Educator
Mrs Psychology Specialist
Mr IT Technician
The password for all users is 'samples'.
Each user is granted the default user permissions for their user role. As Principal doctor, logging in as Dr. Fredrick Findacure will grant access to the most functionality.
Can I add users to the samples database?
No. This prevents users accidentally adding data intended to be live to the samples database, which is not backed up and may be replaced in future releases.
However, you can edit the users that are supplied with the samples database, if you log in as a user with user edit permissions. You can also create new patients in the samples database.
Is the samples database backed up?
No. The samples database is not included in manual or scheduled backups using the Bp Premier backup utility.
How do I recreate the samples shortcut on my desktop?
If the default shortcut to the samples database has been removed from your desktop, you can recreate it.
- Browse to the folder C:\Program Files\Best Practice Software\BPS.
- Right-click on the file Best Practice.exe and select Send to > Desktop (create shortcut).
- Go back to the Windows desktop.
- Right-click the new shortcut for Best Practice and select Properties. Select the Shortcut tab.
- At the end of the Target field, add the text '/samples'.
- Click Apply.
- Close the shortcut Properties screen.
- Right-click the new short cut and select Rename.
- Name the shortcut 'Best Practice Samples'.
- Double-click the samples shortcut to confirm it opens the Samples database. A message will indicate Bp Premier has connected to the Samples data.


text:
Taylor polynomials: Square root
if different from the Exponential function or the Sine function because this function is not defined for all values (its domain is not the whole real line), then it has no sense to say that a polynomial approaches the function for all values of x or that the power series converges for all values of x.
We can calculate the Taylor's series at x=0 easily, using Newton's Binomial Theorem, but the function is not defined when x is smaller than -1.
Then our interest is to study what happens when x is greater or equal to -1.
"In the interval (-1, +1) the parabolas approach the original curve more and more as the order increases; but to the right of x = 1 they deviate from it increasingly, now above, now below, in a striking way." (Felix Klein)
We call this interval (-1, +1) 'circle of convergence' of the power series. It is a typical behavior that a power series converges inside the circle of convergence and diverges outside. We understand better the use of the word 'circle' when we go to the Complex Plane.
It is interesting to study what happens at the 'border' points. At the point x = -1, the branch of the original curve which appears in the drawing ends at a vertical tangent, "all the parabolas extends beyond this point but approach the original curve more and more at x = -1, by becoming ever steeper". At the point x = +1, symmetrical to x = -1, the parabolas approach the original curve more and more closely too.
We can see what happens with some functions with singularities, for example, Taylor polynomials (4): Rational function 1."
Felix Klein - Elementary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint. Arithmetic, Algebra, Analysis (pags. 223-228) - Dover Publications

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Literally "peace." In the revised liturgy the kiss of peace, which the priest celebrant at Mass gives to the ministers at the altar and announces to the congregation with the words, "Let us offer each other the sign of peace." the faithful then extend to one another some appropriate sign of peace, as approved by the national (or regional) conference of bishops. In ancient times the pax took place much earlier in the Mass. And for centuries, until the Second Vatican Council, it was given by the celebrant only to those immediately assisting at the altar during a solemn High Mass.


text:
Bazodee Connection 2006: In Conversation with Dr. Roz
Mas Camp ended each day in a meeting where issues such as racism and domestic abuse were candidly discussed. A psychologist and Executive Director of 'Dr. Roz's Healing Place', a women's shelter in Scarborough, Dr. Roz's informed perspectives underscored not only the nature of these blights but, more importantly, how such problems are factors in everyone's lives.
Racial harmony and anti-violence were the driving philosophies behind Bazodee Connection. These same ideals were also exemplified in Dr. Roz's richly decorated Queen costume, an incandescent vision of cultural unity and affirmative thought.
Submitted by mandy on Wed, 12/10/2008 - 17:15.
Current Exhibit Selector
MODERN THEATRE IN CONTEXT is an interactive chronology. It includes facts and commentary about plays and performances, as well as biographies, information about genres and movements, headlines and news items illustrating Political, Artistic and Scientific developments through each decade.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The application Boxsi provides a batch mode interface to the Oxs micromagnetic computation engine. A restricted graphical interface is provided, but Boxsi is primarily intended to be controlled by command line arguments, and launched by the user either directly from the shell prompt or from inside a batch file.
Within the OOMMF architecture, Boxsi is both a server and a client application. It is a client of data table display and storage applications, and vector field display and storage applications. Boxsi is the server of a solver control service for which the only client is mmLaunch. It is through this service that mmLaunch provides a user interface window (shown above) on behalf of Boxsi.
A micromagnetic problem is communicated to Boxsi through a MIF 2 file specified on the command line and loaded from disk. The MIF 1.x formats are also accepted; they are converted to the MIF 2 format by an automatic call to mifconvert.
Boxsi must be started from the command line. The syntax is
tclsh oommf.tcl boxsi [standard options] [-exitondone <0|1>] \ [-kill tags] [-nice <0|1>] [-parameters params] [-pause <0|1>] \ [-restart <0|1|2>] [-threads ] [-numanodes ] miffilewhere
-parameters "A 13e-12 Ms 800e3"could be used to set A to 13e-12 and Ms to 800e3. The quoting mechanism is shell/operating system specific; refer to your system documentation for details.
The default value for nodes is ''none'', which allows the operating system to assign and move threads based on overall system usage. This is also the behavior obtained when the Oxs build is not NUMA-aware. On the other hand, if a machine is dedicated primarily to running one instance of Boxsi, then Boxsi will likely run fastest if the thread count is set to the number of processing cores on the machine, and nodes is set to ''auto''. If you want to run multiple copies of Boxsi simultaneously, or run Boxsi in parallel with some other application(s), then set the thread count to a number smaller than the number of processing cores and restrict Boxsi to some subset of the memory nodes with the -numanodes option and an explicit nodes list.
The environment variable OOMMF_NUMANODES may be used to override the default ''none'' setting, but is subordinate to the command line setting, if any.
Although Boxsi cannot be launched by mmLaunch, nonetheless a limited graphical interactive interface for Boxsi is provided through mmLaunch, in the same manner as is done for Oxsii. Each running instance of Boxsi is included in the Threads list of mmLaunch, along with a checkbutton. This button toggles the presence of a user interface window.
Boxsi loads problem specifications directly from disk as requested on the command line. The format for these files is the MIF 2 format, the same as used by the Oxsii interactive interface. The MIF 1.1 and MIF 1.2 formats used by the 2D solver mmSolve2D can also be input to Boxsi, which will automatically call the command line tool mifconvert to convert from the MIF 1.x format to the MIF 2 format ''on-the-fly.'' Sample MIF 2 files can be found in the directory oommf/app/oxs/examples.
The lower panel of the Boxsi interactive interface presents Output, Destination, and Schedule sub-windows that display the current output configuration and allow interactive modification of that configuration. These controls are identical to those in the Oxsii user interface; refer to the Oxsii documentation for details. The only difference between Boxsi and Oxsii with respect to outputs is that in practice Boxsi tends to rely primarily on Destination and Schedule commands in the input MIF file to setup the output configuration. The interactive output interface is used for incidental runtime monitoring of the job.
The runtime controls provided by the Boxsi interactive interface are a restricted subset of those available in the Oxsii interface. If the runtime controls provided by Boxsi are found to be insufficient for a given task, consider using Oxsii instead.
The File menu holds 4 entries: Show Console, Close Interface, Clear Schedule, and Exit Oxsii. File|Show Console brings up a Tcl shell console running off the Boxsi interface Tcl interpreter. This console is intended primary for debugging purposes. File|Close Interface will remove the interface window from the display, but leaves the solver running. This effect may also be obtained by deselecting the Boxsi interface button in the Threads list in mmLaunch. File|Clear Schedule will disable all currently active output schedules, exactly as if the user clicked through the interactive schedule interface one output and destination at a time and disabled each schedule-enabling checkbutton. The final entry, File|Exit Boxsi, terminates the Boxsi solver and closes the interface window. Note that there is no File|Load... menu item; the problem specification file must be declared on the Boxsi command line.
The Help menu provides the usual help facilities.
The row of buttons immediately below the menu bar provides simulation progress control. These buttons--Run, Relax, Step and Pause--become active once the micromagnetic problem has been initialized. These buttons allow the user to change the run state of the solver. In the Pause state, the solver sits idle awaiting further instructions. If Step is selected, then the solver will move forward one iteration and then Pause. In Relax mode, the solver takes at least one step, and then runs until it reaches a stage boundary, at which point the solver is paused. In Run mode, the solver runs until the end of the problem is reached. When the problem end is reached, the solver will either pause or exit, depending upon the setting of the -exitondone command line option.
Normally the solver progresses automatically from problem initialization into Run mode, but this can be changed by the -pause command line switch. Interactive output is available in all modes; the scheduled outputs occur appropriately as the step and stage counts advance.
Directly below the run state control buttons are three display lines, showing the name of the input MIF file, the current run-state, and the current stage number/maximum stage number. Both stage numbers are 0-indexed.
As with Oxsii, the simulation model construction is governed by the Specify blocks in the input MIF file, and all aspects of the simulation are determined by the specified Oxs_Ext classes. Refer to the appropriate Oxs_Ext class documentation for simulation and computational details.
As an example, suppose you are running on a four dual-core processor box, where each of the four processors is connected to a separate memory node. In other words, there are eight cores in total, and each pair of cores shares a memory node. Further assume that the processors are connected via point-to-point links such as AMD's HyperTransport or Intel's QuickPath Interconnect.
If you want to run a single instance of Boxsi as quickly as possible, you might use the -threads 8 option, which, assuming the default value of -numanodes none is in effect, would allow the operating system to schedule the eight threads among the system's eight cores as it sees fit. Or, you might reduce the thread count to reserve one or more cores for other applications. If the job is long running, however, you may find that the operating system tries to run multiple threads on a single core--perhaps in order to leave other cores idle so that they can be shut down to save energy. Or, the operating system may move threads away from the memory node where they have allocated memory, which effectively reduces memory bandwidth. In such cases you might want to launch Boxsi with the -numanodes auto option. This overrides the operating systems preferences, and ties threads to particular memory nodes for the lifetime of the process. (On Linux boxes, you should also check the ''cpu frequency governor'' selection and settings.)
If you want to run two instances of Boxsi concurrently, you might launch each with the -threads 4 option, so that each job has four threads for the operating system to schedule. If you don't like the default scheduling by the operating system, you can use the -numanodes option, but what you don't want to do is launch two jobs with -numanodes auto, because the ''auto'' option assigns threads to memory nodes from a fixed sequence list, so both jobs will be assigned to the same nodes. Instead, you should manually assign the nodes, with a different set to each job. For example, you may launch the first job with -numanodes 0,1 and the second job with -numanodes 2,3. One point to keep in mind when assigning nodes is that some node pairs are ''closer'' (with respect to memory latency and bandwidth) than others. For example, memory node 0 and memory node 1 may be directly connected via a point-to-point link, so that data can be transferred in a single ''hop.'' But sending data from node 0 to node 2 may require two hops (from node 0 to node 1, and then from node 1 to node 2). In this case -numanodes 0,1 will probably run faster than -numanodes 0,2.
The -numanodes option is only available on Linux boxes if the ''numactl'' and ''numactl-devel'' packages are installed. The numactl command itself can be used to tie jobs to particular memory nodes, similar to the box


text:
Welcome to the website dedicated to empowering consumers to understand more about how and when to call the emergency services within Ireland and the EU.
At some point in your life, you may need to call the emergency services such as firemen, police, or medical personnel. By being prepared for calling the emergency services, you can get the help you need much more quickly which can often make a big difference. Parents should also teach their children about when and how to call for help.
The principal emergency services are the "blue light" services that respond to normal emergencies in Ireland namely An Garda Síochána, the Ambulance Service, the Fire Service and the Irish Coast Guard. These principal emergency services would be the 'first responders' in most emergency situations.
In Ireland we have two emergency numbers, 999 and 112.
112 works also in all EU countries and from any phone, free of charge. If a family member or friend is travelling within the EU soon, check that they know what number to call in case of any emergency – under stress of an accident, it could prove vital.
Remember when calling 112 (or 999), 'stay calm, stay focused and stay on the line'.


text:
Feasibility study in the design and operation of a Concentrated Solar Plant (CSP) in the South Gobi Desert
Mookesh Dhanasar, Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
A feasibility study is conducted on a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Tower plant design and operation simulated using the System Advisor Model (SAM) in the southern regions of the Gobi Desert. The CSP plant is modeled with an initial goal to alleviate regional electricity demands by 25 percent and offset fossil fuel usage. Overall design required 6,300 acres of desert land and called for over 8,000 heliostats. Through the optimization process using SAM's algorithm, the ideal heliostat and receiver geometry was produced, yielding results of a profitable system that far exceeded local energy demands. The initial goal of 30 GW was met, as output power exceeded 129 GW upon completion. While the initial costs to construct the CSP power tower are relatively high, dividends show that the project will generate a profit within 5-10 years of operation with minimal impact on local wildlife and vegetation, making this appealing to many investors in the clean energy market.
Hackett, Cathleen; Ho, Sherman; and Jones, Rasheed, "Feasibility study in the design and operation of a Concentrated Solar Plant (CSP) in the South Gobi Desert" (2021). Undergraduate Research and Creative Inquiry Symposia. 260.


Penrose stairs
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Penrose stairs
The Penrose stairs or Penrose steps, also dubbed the impossible staircase, is an impossible object created by Lionel Penrose and his son Roger Penrose.[1] A variation on the Penrose triangle, it is a two-dimensional depiction of a staircase in which the stairs make four 90-degree turns as they ascend or descend yet form a continuous loop, so that a person could climb them forever and never get any higher. This is clearly impossible in three dimensions.
The "continuous staircase" was first presented in an article that the Penroses wrote in 1959, based on the so-called "triangle of Penrose" published by Roger Penrose in the British Journal of Psychology in 1958.[1] M.C. Escher then discovered the Penrose stairs in the following year and made his now famous lithograph Klimmen en dalen (Ascending and Descending) in March 1960. Penrose and Escher were informed of each other's work that same year.[2] Escher developed the theme further in his print Waterval (Waterfall), which appeared in 1961.
In their original article the Penroses noted that "each part of the structure is acceptable as representing a flight of steps but the connexions are such that the picture, as a whole, is inconsistent: the steps continually descend in a clockwise direction."[3]
History of discovery[edit]
The Penroses[edit]
At an Escher conference in Rome in 1985, Roger Penrose said that he had been greatly inspired by Escher's work when he and his father discovered both the Penrose tribar structure (i.e., the Penrose triangle) and the continuous steps. Escher, in the 1950s, had not yet drawn any impossible figures and was not aware of their existence. Roger Penrose had been introduced to Escher's work at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Amsterdam in 1954. He was "absolutely spellbound" by Escher's work, and on his journey back to England he decided to produce something "impossible" on his own. After experimenting with various designs of bars overlying each other he finally arrived at the impossible triangle. Roger showed his drawings to his father, who immediately produced several variants, including the impossible flight of stairs. They wanted to publish their findings but did not know in what field the subject belonged. Because Lionel Penrose knew the editor of the British Journal of Psychology and convinced him to publish their short manuscript, the finding was finally presented as a psychological subject. After the publication in 1958 the Penroses sent a copy of the article to Escher as a token of their esteem.[4]
While the Penroses credited Escher in their article, Escher himself noted in a letter to his son in January 1960 that he was:
working on the design of a new picture, which featured a flight of stairs which only ever ascended or descended, depending on how you saw it. [The stairs] form a closed, circular construction, rather like a snake biting its own tail. And yet they can be drawn in correct perspective: each step higher (or lower) than the previous one. [...] I discovered the principle in an article which was sent to me, and in which I myself was named as the maker of various 'impossible objects'. But I was not familiar with the continuous steps of which the author had included a clear, if perfunctory, sketch, although I was employing some of his other examples.[5]
Escher was captivated by the endless stairs and subsequently wrote a letter to the Penroses in April 1960:
A few months ago, a friend of mine sent me a photocopy of your article... Your figures 3 and 4, the 'continuous flight of steps', were entirely new to me, and I was so taken by the idea that they recently inspired me to produce a new picture, which I would like to send to you as a token of my esteem. Should you have published other articles on impossible objects or related topics, or should you know of any such articles, I would be most grateful if you could send me further details.[5]
Oscar Reutersvärd[edit]
The staircase design had been discovered previously by the Swedish artist Oscar Reutersvärd, but neither Penrose nor Escher was aware of his designs.[6] Inspired by a radio programme on Mozart's method of composition—described as "creative automatism", i.e. each creative idea written down inspired a new idea—Reutersvärd started to draw a series of impossible objects on a journey from Stockholm to Paris in 1950 in the same "unconscious, automatic" way. He did not realize that his figure was a continuous flight of stairs while drawing, but the process enabled him to trace his increasingly complex designs step by step. When M.C. Escher's Ascending and Descending was sent to Reutersvärd in 1961, he was impressed but didn't like the irregularities of the stairs (2 × 15 + 2 × 9). Throughout the 1960s, Reutersvärd sent several letters to Escher to express his admiration for his work, but the Dutch artist failed to respond.[7] Roger Penrose only discovered Reutersvärd's work in 1984.[4]
In popular culture[edit]
 - A Penrose stair appears in the 1986 movie Labyrinth.
 - A Penrose stair appears in the 2010 movie Inception.[8]
 - In the game Monument Valley the player leads the princess Ida through mazes of optical illusions and impossible objects while manipulating the world around her to reach various platforms.
 - The app PenroseStairs is a chess-like puzzle game on symmetric impossible staircases.
See also[edit]


text:
Planning algorithm for training cosmonauts in ISS
We consider the problem of trainings planning on ISS. Shown that the problem is a combination of a k Partition Problem and an Assignment Problem. NP-compleeteness is proofed. A heuristic and an exact algorithms are proposed.
We consider the problem of planning the ISS cosmonaut training with different objectives. A pre-defined set of minimum qualification levels should be distributed between the crew members with minimum training time differences, training expenses or a maximum of the training level with a limitation of the budget. First, a description of the cosmonaut training process is given. The model are considered for the volume planning problem. The objective of the model is to minimize the differences between the total time of the preparation of all crew members. Then two models are considered for the timetabling planning problem. For the volume planning problem, two algorithms are presented. The first one is aheuristic with a complexity of O(n) operations. The second one consists of a heuristic and exact parts, and it is based on the npartition problem approach.
The central question that motives this paper is the problem of making up a freight train and the routes on the railway. It is necessary from the set of orders available at the stations to determine time-scheduling and destination routing by railways in order to minimize the total completion time. In this paper it was suggested formulation of this problem by applying integer programming.
We consider the problem of planning the cousmonaut's time in ISS with given set of tasks, time planning horizon and load constraints. Shown that the problem is NP-hard in a strong sense. The heuristic algorithm was proposed. Proved that proposed algorithm is exact for problem with requirement of performing all tasks. Program C++ was written and algorithm's work was qualitatively analyzed.
In this article, the fairdivision problem for two participants in the presence of both divisible and indivisibleitems is considered. Three interrelated modifications of the notion of fairdivision–profitably, uniformly and equitably fairdivisions–were introduced. Computationally efficient algorithm for finding all of them was designed. The algorithm includes repetitive solutions of integer knapsack-type problems as its essential steps. The necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of proportional and equitable division were found. The statements of the article are illustrated by various examples.
In this paper, we will show that the width of simplices defined by systems of linear inequalities can be computed in polynomial time if some minors of their constraint matrices are bounded. Additionally, we present some quasi-polynomial-time and polynomial-time algorithms to solve the integer linear optimization problem defined on simplices minus all their integer vertices assuming that some minors of the constraint matrices of the simplices are bounded.


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global - Define global variable
Ordinarily, each Scilab function, has its own local variables and can "read" all variables created in the base workspace or by the calling functions. The global keyword allow to make variables read/write across functions. Any assignment to that variable, in any function, is available to all the other functions declaring it global.
If the global variable doesn't exist the first time you issue the global statement, it will be initialized to the empty matrix.
//first: calling environnment and a function share a variable global a a=1 deff('y=f1(x)','global a,a=x^2,y=a^2') f1(2) a //second: three functions share variables deff('initdata()','global A C ;A=10,C=30') deff('letsgo()','global A C ;disp(A) ;C=70') deff('letsgo1()','global C ;disp(C)') initdata() letsgo() letsgo1()
who, isglobal, clearglobal, gstacksize, resume,


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fresh from origin
Yunnan is the name of the Southern Chinese province bordering Vietnam. It's believed to be the birthplace of tea, and the oldest wild growing tea tree (never pruned to be bush height) is about 1,700 years old. Yunnan's most senior cultivated tree is a relative youngster - a mere 800 years old. These are the large leafed tea varieties - Camellia sinensis assamica - which is also found in India. Yunnan also has the distinction of producing more black tea than any other part of China, although it's a relative newcomer to this variety. Black tea was first produced here in 1939, and is distinguished by its unique peppery, earthy and sometimes cocoay flavor.


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The name Nandita comprises of 7 characters and is a Girl's name. The meaning
of this name is happy, and the name rashi or
sign is Virgo. The name nakshatra for Aabhaa is Anuradha Nakshatra. Natives
with the name Nandita has the Numerology Namank or Destiny Number is 3. The Destiny
Number helps you understand your lucky number and how it can alter your life in
a positive manner.
Numerology Namank (Destiny Number):
Nandita's Namank or Destiny Number is 3.
Name Rasi: Virgo*
Name Nakshstra: Anuradha*
Note: *Rasi and Nakshatra are approximate calculated using sounds.


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London - Dinosaurs suffered painful arthritis, scientists have revealed.
A degenerative condition similar to human arthritis was found in the jaw of a pliosaur – a sea reptile that lived 150 million years ago.
The discovery marks the first time such diseases have been found in fossilised Jurassic reptiles.
A team from Bristol University studied an eight-metre long creature found in Westbury, Wiltshire.
With a crocodile-like head and a whale-like body it hunted fish and was vulnerable only to its own kind.
But it developed an arthritis-like disease which caused its left jaw joint to erode and distort until it broke.
Dr Judyth Sassoon told Tuesday's Palaeontology journal: "That final accident probably led to her demise." - Daily Mail


Water and Steam Properties
From SysCAD Documentation
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Related Links: Species Table, Standard Species Model
As H2O (steam / water) is a common and important part of most models, the property equations for both water and steam are built into SysCAD. The user cannot change these properties.
However, the user may select the properties of H2O to calculated using either High Fidelity equations or the Low Fidelity equations. (These are discussed in more detail below.) Obviously, the High Fidelity equations will return more accurate results, but the calculations do require more computing power. Therefore the solver speed will be less.
 1. Properties for solid H2O (ice, or water trapped in a solid crystalline structure) are not included. To include these, add a species to the Species Database in the normal way with Phase = 'Solid' but the compound must NOT be 'H2O' and the Definition must NOT be H2O1, rather use O1H2.
 2. If alternate user defined properties for water or steam are required, then it is possible to "trick" SysCAD using a species with a Definition 'O1H2' and a Compound that is not "H2O".
 - IMPORTANT: Caution should be used when including alternate properties for steam/water as the hardwired steam/water will also exist in the project!
 3. SysCAD does a range check on streams and units to determine if liquid water, H2O(l), is present above the critical temperature of water. If it detects water above Tc it will generate a warning message. Please also see Plant Model - Range Checks for more information.
High Fidelity
The algorithms used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of steam/water, such as heat capacity and enthalpy, saturated temperature/pressure, etc, are not given in this document, as they are available in the reference. The calculations are based on the IAPWS-IF97 standard. This is described in a paper by W. Wagner et al. called "The IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam", published in ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 122 (2000).
Some good internet references for further information are:
The valid temperature range is:
Steam: 273.16 to 3000K
Water: 273.16 to 647K
 - The IF97 equations are applied for temperatures up to 1073.15 K. Above that temperature SysCAD calculates any steam/water properties using Region 5 properties and linear extrapolation. Thus the higher the temperature, the more inaccurate the steam properties will becomes. Please use data with caution.
 - Due to differences in reference points, numerical methods and implementation techniques there can be very small (generally much less than a tenth of a percent) differences between IAPWS results and SysCAD results.
Reference: Properties of Water and Steam in SI-Units, 2nd Revised and Updated Printing, Springer 1979.
Low Fidelity
Water Density
The equation for water density is:
Where T is in degrees centigrade. The valid temperature range is -30°C to 300°C.
 - If the temperature is outside of the valid range given above, then the minimum or maximum temperatures are used to calculate the density.
 For example, if the stream temperature is 400°C, then the water density will be calculated using the maximum temperature of 300°C.
In the SysCAD species database, any species can be assigned this density by use of a special density function, as shown below:
Water Heat Capacity
The equation used for liquid heat capacity is:
C_p = a + b.10^{-3} T + \frac{c.10^5}{T^2} + d.10^{-6} T^2\,
a = 16.749
b = 62.120
c = 32.798
d = 90.391
T = temperature in Kelvin
This equation is used in the range from 273.15 to 500K.
In the SysCAD species database, a species can be assigned this heat capacity as shown below:
 HSC_Cp(16.749, 62.12, 32.798, 90.391):Range(K, 273.15, 500)
Steam Density
The density is calculated using a rearrangement of the Ideal gas law. The equation used is:
Density = \frac{P*M}{R*T}
P = Pressure
R = universal gas constant
T = Temperature in Kelvin
M = molecular weight of water
This equation is used for all temperatures and pressures.
Steam Heat Capacity
The equation used for heat capacity of the vapour is:
a = -38.14955
b = _PHONE_
c = 6.24e-5
d = -_PHONE_
T = temperature in Kelvin
This equation is used in the range from 298.15 to 500K.
Vapour Pressure
The equation that is used to calculate the vapour pressure of H2O is
\mathbf {\boldsymbol{\rho} = \mathrm{0._PHONE_*10^{(\frac{A}{T}+B*Log_{10}(T)+C*T+D}}}
T = Temperature in Kelvin
A = -3433.74
B = -12.0063
C = 0.004782
D = 41.1767
(0._PHONE_ converts from the pressure from mm Hg to kPa.)
This equation is used from 0 to 1000K.
Water and Steam Properties in PGM
The user may obtain some water and steam values in PGM code using the Species Database Class.
Some of the values that are available to users are:
 - Saturated Temperature;
 - Saturated Pressure;
 - Density;
 - Heats of Formation; and
 - Enthalpy.
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O SEU PORTAL COMPLETO
LOGIN / CADASTRE-SE
O cadastro é rápido, fácil e você passa a ter acesso a muitos benefícios exclusivos, além de ter a oportunidade de realizar bons negócios. Entre e conheça tudo o que o site oferece a você e a sua empresa.
The Port of Pacem's role in Brazil's fruit export industry is growing, with produce movement between January and September 38% higher year-on-year.
In total, 82,176 metric tons (MT) of fresh fruit moved through the port, based in the northeastern state of Ceará.
The most important fruit commodities were melon (39,600MT), mango (21,200) and watermelon (11,500MT).
The Ceará Port Integration Company (Cearaportos) reported the growing number of fresh fruit exports through the terminal was due to its excellent location, translating into shorter transit times to many key markets.
The port is one of the biggest in the state, and ships fresh fruit produced in the states of Ceará, Rio Grande del Norte, Bahía and Pernambuco.
The main destinations for fruit shipped from the port were the Netherlands (36%), U.S. (24%), U.K. (25%), and Spain (6%).


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Korean Society Celebrations - Main Page
In Korea, on the 100th day after a child's birth, a small feast is prepared to celebrate the child's having survived this difficult period. If the child is sick at this time, the family passes the day with neither announcement nor party, for to do otherwise is considered bad luck for the infant.
At this time the samshin halmoni is honored with offerings of rice and soup in gratitude for having cared for the infant and the mother, and for having helped them live through a difficult period. The family, relatives and friends then celebrate with rice cakes, wine, and other delicacies such as red and black bean cakes sweetened with sugar or honey.
To prevent potential harm to the child and to bring him or her good luck and happiness, red bean cakes are customarily placed at the four compass points within the house. If the steamed rice cakes are shared with 100 people, it is believed that the child will have a long life. Therefore, rice cakes are usually sent to as many people as possible to help celebrate the happiness of the occasion. Those who receive rice cakes return the vessels with skeins of thread, expressing the hope of longevity, and rice and money, symbolizing future wealth.
Such customs are also part of the tol, or first birthday, celebration. Because of the high infant mortality rates in the past, this celebration is considered to be even more important. Like the 100th day celebration, it begins with offerings of rice and soup to the samshin halmoni. However, the highlight of this celebration is when the child symbolically foretells his or her own future.
For this ritual, the child is dressed in new traditional Korean clothes. A male child wears the traditional hood worn by unmarried youths, and the female wears make-up. The child is seated before a table of various foods and objects such as thread, books, notebooks, brushes, ink and money which have all been given to the family by friends and relatives. The child is urged to pick up an object from the table, as it is believed the one selected first will foretell the child's future. If the child picks up a writing brush or book, for example, he is destined to be a scholar. If he picks up money or rice, he will be wealthy; cakes or other food, a government official; a sword or bow, a military commander. If the child picks up the thread, it is believed he will live a long life.
This is followed by feasting, singing and playing with the toddler. Most often guests will present gifts of money, clothes, or gold rings to the parents for the child at this time. Upon departure, guests are given packages of rice cakes and other foods to take with them. This sharing of rice cakes is thought to bring the child long life and happiness.
The hwan-gap, or 60th birthday, has also been considered an especially important birthday celebration, for this is the day when one has completed the zodiacal cycle. Even more important is the fact that, in the past, before the advent of modern medicine, few people lived to be 60 years old. hwan-gap was therefore a time of great celebration when children honor their parents with a large feast and much merrymaking.
With the parents seated at the main banquet table, sons and daughters, in order of age, bow and offer wine to their parents. After the direct descendants have performed this ritual, the father's younger brothers and their sons and then younger friends pay their respects in the same manner. While these rituals are being carried out, traditional music is usually played and professional entertainers sing songs, urging people to drink.
Family members and relatives indulge in various activities to make the parents feel young, often dressing like small children and dancing and singing songs. In the old days, guests would compete in composing poetry or songs in celebration of the occasion.
In the past, years after the 60th birthday were regarded as extra years and although subsequent birthdays called for a celebration, it was not celebrated as lavishly as the hwan-gap party. Upon the 70th birthday, or kohCui meaning old and rare, another celebration equal in scale with the hwan-gap was celebrated.
Although smaller in size and scope than the hwan-gap and the tol celebrations, the birthday celebration of each member of the family calls for ample food, wine and specially prepared delicacies.
Back to Top
Information provided by the Korean Embassy


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The Minister of State for Universities and Science, David Willetts, has been visiting Durham University to see research projects possible by government and private investment. He also unveiled a new £3.7 million supercomputer.
The computer, which is one of the most powerful in the country, is being used to run simulations of the Big Bang, the birth of the universe, through to the present day. Scientists at the Institute of Computational Cosmology (ICC) hope it will explain how the universe works.
Professor Carlos Frenk, Director of the ICC said: "Modern scientific research, from recreating the evolution of the universe to designing life-saving drugs, relies heavily on supercomputing - the ''new mathematics'.' The machine opened today by the Minister of State is one of the most powerful in the UK and will be wholly dedicated to science."
Mr Willetts will saw new technology which could lead better diagnosis of heart conditions. The Biophysical Sciences Institute are using non-invasive optical technology that is making it possible to study the beating hearts of live zebrafish. It is hoped this technology could one day be used on people.
Many projects at the university are done in partnership with private business. They include research into low carbon energy. Mr Willetts also saw a solar powered car which has been designed, built and raced by students.
Mr Willetts said, "We have a world-leading research base in the UK, thanks to excellent institutions like Durham. Today's visit has provided an insight into the range of exciting projects at the university."
Professor Tom McLeish, Durham University's Pro Vice Chancellor said: "We are delighted that the Minister has signified by his visit the partnership that Government, industry and leading research intensive universities like Durham are now developing."


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|Uploaded:||January 16, 2010|
|Updated:||January 16, 2010|
In this lesson you will learn to draw Professor X of the X-Men. First off, his real name is Charles Francis Xavier and as leader of the X-Men. He is paraplegic and has the power to read and influence human minds. He has gone through many different versions, most notably as the character from the films as played by the noble Welshman, Mr. Patrick Stewart. Xavier's goals are to promote the peaceful affirmation of mutant rights, to mediate the co-existence of mutants and humans and to protect society from antagonistic mutants, including his old friend, the militant Magneto. To achieve these aims, he founded Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters (later named the Xavier Institute) to teach mutants to explore and control their powers. Its first group of students was the original X-Men. Xavier's students consider him a visionary and often refer to their mission as "Xavier's dream". He is highly regarded by others in the Marvel universe, respected by various governments and trusted by several other superhero teams, including the Avengers and the Fantastic Four. So, without further ado, let's draw!


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Filler Sardenya Deep is characterized by medium firmness. Its purpose is to combat flaws of moderate severity, which can be found on most areas of the face and body. With this filler, the nasolabial folds are filled, the contours are reinforced, and the lips are modeled. Injections are performed into the deep layer of the dermis.
Benefits of SARDENYA Deep:
+ 12-18 months
+ It is used for contouring of nasolabial folds, reinforcing contours, increasing lip volume.
SARDENYA Deep Composition:
HA – 24 mg/mL
SARDENYA Deep Package:
1 syringe (1.1 ml) + 2 needles
- Preparations for contouring are made from purified hyaluronic acid, which has been stabilized and subjected to several stages of cleansing using a unique technology
- Thanks to the unique technology, contour fillers are absolutely safe
- They do not cause allergic reactions even in patients with a high risk of allergies, therefore, a skin sensitivity test is not required before using the product for contouring
- Fillers Sardenya have an optimal consistency for work, these preparations have improved viscosity and fluidity. As a result, the filler is 30% more flexible than other fillers
- The composition includes lidocaine, which makes the contouring procedure useless and more comfortable for patients
There are no reviews yet.


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Fighting Super-bugs – A Global Movement
For almost four decades, the power of Child to Child approaches has been in their replicability and the potential to create truly global movements. Its innovative Step Approach promoting child participation was not only appropriate for engaging children but also easily adapted to address a variety of issues.
Now, with the help of Celine Woznica from Child to Child of the Americas, two grassroots institutions with long histories of implementing the CtC methodology are collaborating across the continents to tackle a global problem—microbial resistance due to antibiotic abuse. In the wake of World Antibiotic Awareness Week, we are pleased to share their story!
Centro Niño a Niño (Child to Child Center) in Cuenca, Ecuador was founded in 1995 by Dr. Arturo Quizphe who learned about the Child to Child methodology while taking advanced studies in pediatrics in London. Upon his return to Ecuador, he established Centro Niño a Niño as an organization dedicated to the development, implementation, and evaluation of resources promoting child health, through active child participation.
In 2010, Centro Niño a Niño was invited to join ReAct, a global movement based in Sweden to promote reasonable use of antibiotics and antibacterial agents in an effort to prevent the rise of "super-bugs," or bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Centro Niño a Niño's unique addition to this movement was the perspective of working with children.
The result of their collaboration was a creative resource pack called the Alforja Educativa – the Educational Knapsack. The Alforja is a collection of beautifully illustrated activity sheets, stories, videos, and songs that create an understanding of the importance of the invisible world of microbes to our health and the health of our planet.
After a phase of local testing, the Alforja was rolled out in 2016 with a workshop coordinated by Silvina Alessio of Centro Nino a Nino and Celine Woznica, Director of Child to Child of the Americas. The initial trainees were teachers who incorporated the Alforja into their school curriculum. Follow-up evaluation indicated that the Alforja was effective in conveying the important message that antibiotic abuse affects the healthy microbes needed by our body and world.
Following the success of the 2016 workshop, another training in Child to Child methodology and the Alforja was held in August of this year and participants from five South American countries have begun to implement the Alforja.
Now it was felt, it was time to take the Alforja beyond South America.
ReAct Africa, based in Nairobi, Kenya, showed interest in the Alforja but identified a gap in terms of how to roll it out in schools. Through Child to Child's global reach, Celine and the London-based Child to Child office were able to facilitate a connection with AceAfrica, which has been running school-based "Child to Child clubs" for decades in Kenya and Tanzania.
The Alforja has now been translated into English, and AceAfrica has begun to engage multiple stakeholders to adapt the toolkit to the Kenyan context.
The CtC dream
The original spirit of Child to Child was to spread the practice of listening to children and empowering them to take an active part in their own lives, as well as their communities.
It is truly exciting to watch this emerging network of partners, and of people who share the CtC ethos. We hope to have more updates on this global movement soon!


7 Stress-Busting Tips for Parents of Children With Friedreich's Ataxia
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by Wendy Henderson |
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Caring for a child with a chronic illness such as Friedreich's ataxia can be very stressful and can take its toll emotionally. The Friedreich's Ataxia Parents' Group suggests ways parents can better cope with stress, taking some of the pressure off themselves.
1. Have some "me" time
Taking some time out from looking after your child even if it's just for a few hours can help immensely. Use this time to pamper yourself or do something you enjoy. If you can have someone babysit, take a day trip somewhere or an overnight stay. Even just a few hours spent shopping or relaxing in a warm bath with some soothing candles can help you de-stress and feel ready to face the world again.
2. Take comfort in meditation or faith
Some people find strength in their faith and through prayer, while others find that meditating or mindfulness helps them through the tough times.
Join the Friedreich's Ataxia News forums: an online community for people with FA and their caregivers.
3. Enlist support
Talking about our problems helps humans cope. Talking to close friends and relatives can help, but also joining a support group where you can connect with others going through the same experience will allow to you share best practices and advice as well as receive emotional support. Knowing that you are not alone in your journey can help immensely.
Lean on friends and family to help with chores around the house and yard, leaving you with more time and fewer things to worry about.
MORE: Patient stories: Life at college with Friedreich's ataxia
4. Educate yourself
Take the time to find out as much about Friedreich's ataxia as you can. The more you know, the more proactive you can be in your child's treatment, which will make you feel like you have some control. Find out about clinical trials for new medications or treatments that may help your child.
5. Let it all out
It's OK to get upset, angry and frustrated. Go somewhere quiet and allow yourself the time to cry and release the pent-up feelings.
6. Remember that not everything your child goes through will be related to FA
Children and teens have other issues. If they're feeling sad or down, it may not be because they have FA. It could be because of something unrelated but perfectly normal for their age. Also, sometimes illnesses or viruses can temporarily make FA symptoms worse.
7. Look after yourself
Try to keep yourself physically and mentally well, seek medical advice if you feel emotionally overwhelmed so that you can be treated accordingly. Try to eat a healthy balanced diet, get some regular exercise and quality sleep so that you don't become ill.
MORE: Ronde Barber and Kyle Bryant talk about Friedreich's ataxia


Why Kids Are Good For Men
© Full House - Credit:Jeff Franklin Productions
Why Kids Are Good For Men
Scientifically Proven: The Real Impact Of A Good Father
Men with lower testosterone levels tend to have way fewer stints in jail cells or drug rehab clinics.
Fatherhood brings a myriad of new experiences to a man's life: Being handed a whining kid after a long day at the office, Saturday morning rink time with kids who skate on their ankles, kids barfing in your bed. So who says fatherhood is rewarding?
Fatherhood: a life-saver, literally
Well, science does. A new 19-year study shows that one of the best ways to become a better man is to become an involved father. The study followed more than 200 at-risk boys and looked at a host of deviant behaviors such as criminal activity, alcohol use and marijuana use, and compared them to various life changes. The results? The single most important factor that leads men to clean up their act is fatherhood. Even more so than finding a good woman. And the men who waited until their late 20s or early thirties to become fathers had the greatest benefits. Teen fathers didn't benefit so much.
So why are kids the magic that can turn a bad man good? While there are plenty of psychological and social factors such as the role of care-giving, teaching and the responsibility of being a provider, there is also one big biological factor: testosterone. Soon after a baby is born, a new father's testosterone drops. If he is involved in some form of daily care of that baby, his testosterone drops even more steeply.
Testosterone can be your enemy
Testosterone has long been known as a contributing factor to crime and other forms of deviant behavior in men. Men with lower testosterone levels tend to have way fewer stints in jail cells or drug rehab clinics.
But before you jump to the conclusion that men with lower testosterone tend to be the homey types who settle down behind a white picket fence and therefore show up on fatherhood studies, think again. Men with high testosterone levels are most likely to become fathers. One of testosterone's great features, besides influencing criminal activity, is that is fuels male-to-male competition for mates. So the highly sexual and aggressive dudes get the girl, and if they hang out and participate in fatherhood, they also get a good-guy makeover.
Oh, and let's not dismiss the importance of a close and loving relationship with a baby mama. Marriage and committed romance help a man lower a particular stress hormone. Adult committed love can reduce stress and increase a man's health. Single men often have poorer health than married men and fathers. Researchers speculate that this, again, could be related to lower testosterone levels that might protect them against certain chronic diseases as they age. Marriage has also been shown to help men recover from cancer easier and acquire more wealth.
But if you're just looking to clean up your act and walk the straight and narrow, try diaper changing. For bad boys, kids can be life-changing.
 More on AskMen:
The 5 Companies That Will Destroy Civilization
How To Gain Muscle While Losing Weight
How To Have Sex After Her Pregnancy
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Reduce Laser Repetition Rates Using the Control Unit for Integrated Optical Amplitude Modulators
You can use the Pulse Selector IOM to control integrated optical amplitude modulators easily via the USB interface on your PC. The operating point of the light modulator is automatically stabilized in this process.
The Pulse Selector IOM requires a TTL synchronous signal, which sets the laser repetition rate. You can control it easily using a command set via the USB interface on your computer. A photodiode is integrated into the pulse picker control unit. This enables you to use a feedback loop that automatically stabilizes the operating point of the amplitude modulator.
- Versatile: Reduce the laser pulse repetition rate, or use it as a pulse generator
- User-friendly: Manual or automatic operation is possible
- Practical: Easy to use via the USB interface on your PC
- Feedback loop: Automatically control the stabilized operating point of the modulator
Fields of Application
- Reduce the laser pulse repetition rate in oscillator-amplifier systems
- Generate pulses


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The North Carolina Medical Society (NCMS) began in 1849 when 25 physicians united to advance medical science and to raise the standards for their profession. Today, in our 160th year, we are more than 12,000 strong and champion the same goals and ideals. As the largest physician organization in the state, the North Carolina Medical Society devotes itself to representing the interests of physicians and protecting the quality of patient care.
The mission of the North Carolina Medical Society (NCMS) is to unite, serve, and represent physicians in order to enhance physician advocacy for their patients and improve the health of the people of North Carolina.
North Carolina had many skilled and progressive physicians in the late 18th and early 19th centuries; it also had many untrained and unscrupulous practitioners who claimed the title of "doctor." The lay public often couldn't distinguish one group from the other. Even the physicians who had bonafide medical training recognized a need to improve medical education and promote a scientific approach to healing. It became obvious that all would benefit if physicians found a rallying point.
Attempts to organize the medical profession were made as early as 1790. In 1799, the state legislature approved a special act creating a corporation with the title: The North Carolina Medical Society.
Unfortunately, the original Medical Society languished and disappeared in the early 1800s. But the idea was too valuable to die. The present Society was organized in 1849, and it has held annual scientific sessions each year since then, except for three years of the Civil War and one year during World War II. Twenty-five physicians attended the organizational session in 1849. Today, the Society has more than 11,000 members.
For more of the history behind the NC Medical Society, see 150 Years of Leadership: The History of the North Carolina Medical Society's Pioneering Physician Leaders


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Case Study: BPA Testing
PROBLEM: A consumer product supplier needed to determine if Bisphenol-A (BPA) was present in their final products: polymer containers, lids, and storage bags.
SOLUTION: Impact Analytical performed an analysis of the polymer materials to determine if BPA was present with levels of detection down to the part per billion (ppb) level.
TECHNIQUES: Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
A consumer product supplier contacted Impact Analytical's to perform testing to determine if BPA was present in their final product. For quality assurance purposes, they needed an independent lab to perform the analysis.
BPA has been found to cause adverse reproductive affects at concentrations as low as 0.5 parts per billion (ppb), thus the customer wanted to perform due diligence in ensuring their products were BPA free. Impact Analytical employed a product specific method for BPA testing using GC-MS to determine if BPA was present in their materials.
Containers, lids and storage bags were analyzed using an Impact Analytical product specific GC-MS method. GC-MS analysis is an excellent technique for separating and identifying Bisphenol-A compounds in any sample matrix and was the method of choice for the polymer samples. Each sample was cut, ground, and extracted for BPA. The extracts were analyzed by GC-MS using selected ion monitoring (SIM) made for maximum sensitivity for the detection of BPA. BPA was found in only one sample above a detection limit of 7.5 ppb.
For the polymer sample containing a BPA peak in the chromatogram, an external BPA standard was used to prepare a 4-point calibration curve for accurate quantitation of BPA.
SOLUTION: Impact Analytical's problem solving expertise was utilized to accurately measure the amount of SLS in each detergent so the label claims could be verified.
TECHNIQUES: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
LC-MS ANALYSIS: LC-MS is an excellent method for characterizing and quantifying components of complex mixtures. Impact analytical prepared solutions of SLS reference material and compared each detergent sample to a calibration plot to determine the level of lauryl sulfate present in each detergent.
SOLUTIONS AND RESULTS: The levels of SLS in each detergent were quantified at Impact Analytical using LC-MS. SLS was observed in all the samples, with levels varying from 0.5 wt% to 1.9 wt%. The results were used in an article in the Wall Street Journal, read it here: _URL_
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The present paper is based on well-known theoretical and experimental results which have established and verified the interaction of the two basic components of light steel buildings subject to static load, namely portal frames and panels of sheeting. The favourable effect of the above interaction is particularly evident in the case of horizontal load which in this type of building is represented by wind. Wind, however, may exert dynamic effects as well, and therefore full-scale tests were performed with the following aims: 1. to determine whether it is necessary to take the dynamic effect of the wind load into consideration, 2. to determine whether sheet panels and especially their fasteners are able to transfer possible dynamic load. Ing. M. Strnad and Doc. ing. M. Pirner
A method for selecting the optimum design parameters in the design of reinforced concrete slabs is presented. The optimum is selected from within the feasible region in the design space defined by the limit state requirements of CP110. Cost of material is treated as the objective function and is optimised subject to the behaviour and side constraints imposed by the limit state requirements. Initially, the optimum solution for a section is obtained considering only the ultimate limit state requirement. This is then modified, if required, to ensure that it lies within the feasible region defined by the serviceability limit state requirements for the member. From this result, the optimum design parameters for members having uniform, triangular or parabolic moment, distributions are obtained. Curves for selecting optimum design parameters are also given. D.J. Gunaratnam and N.S. Sivakumaran


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Northern Renaissance Instruments
STRINGS: Original types of strings and string sets for all Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque and Classical instruments
INSTRUMENTS: Lutes, viols, citterns (plus bandora and orpharion), early guitars, rebecs, etc.
VARNISHING MATERIALS: Pine-resin varnishes (clear and coloured), Rosin Oils, Stand Oil, etc.
SCHOLARLY RESEARCH into the History and Technology of: Strings, instruments, performance (including standards of pitch and tempo), etc.
Some organisations that publish such research are FoMRHI, Galpin Society, Lute Society, and Early Music
Our Guide gives details


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Since 2010, Frasca's advanced helicopter full flight simulators have helped Bristow Group develop a true company‐wide learning and safety culture.
Next Generation Requirements
In the mid‐2000s, the Bristow Group began operating a new generation of twin‐engine IFR helicopters to support offshore oil and gas (O&G) exploration and production – the Airbus EC225, Sikorsky S‐ 76C++, and Sikorsky S‐92. To support flight training in these new aircraft, Bristow chose Frasca to design, certify, manufacture, and install three new type‐specific state-of‐art full flight simulators for Bristow's North Sea helicopter training center in Aberdeen, Scotland.
Bristow Mission Profile
Founded in 1955, Bristow today operates 345 aircraft supporting offshore O&G in Europe, Russia, and North, Central, and South America. Specifically, in the often unforgiving North Sea, Bristow provides O&G support in addition to 24‐hour, all‐weather day/night search and rescue (SAR) for the UK government and the Norwegian O&G industry.
Notorious for rough and changing weather conditions, the North Sea is an exceptionally challenging environment with high winds, rough seas, poor visibility, fog, thunderstorms, icing conditions, and turbulence. The company sought superior simulator technology to ensure pilots received realistic, multi‐sensory training preparing them to maintain safe flight operations no matter what the North Sea throws at them.
Frasca developed three custom simulators featuring the Frasca TruVision Global visual system with a 200‐degree horizontal by 70‐degree vertical dome visual system, six‐axis electric motion base, vibration platform, exact cockpit replication, electric control loading, blade element modelling, multi‐channel sound simulation, night vision goggle (NVG) compatibility, and a touch screen instructor operator station (IOS).
The visual database installed for Bristow includes several high‐detail UK airports, coastlines, and North Sea offshore oil field installations, and allows for a range of sea states, weather, and light conditions to accurately simulate the operating environment.
The Frasca simulators are also equipped with an auto‐test utility employing sensors and software to automatically fly the FFS through the required CAA maneuvers, record the performance, and compare the results to flight test data obtained from an actual helicopter. Auto‐test also includes a real‐time graphical feedback on the visual display, greatly simplifing performing control sweep tests.
Bristow required an FFS that permitted the company to get as close to the FFS Level D training credit as possible, but used an alternate certification level allowing more flexibility in technology to better meet its training objectives.
Frasca designed and certified Bristow's simulators from the ground up to meet the company's specific training and certification requirements. Each FFS is dual qualified as FFS Level B by the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and a FTD Level 3 under the EASA system. As such, pilots receive credit for 90% of initial type conversions and 100% for recurrent training and check requirements in the simulators.
Simulator Training at Bristow
Bristow provides initial and recurrent training in its advanced FFSs. Bristow's initial training program includes aircraft‐type rating and operator conversion, the majority of which is conducted in the simulators and supplemented by actual aircraft training. All semiannual recurrent training and checks (apart from line checks) are conducted in the simulators.
Training Benefits Realized
The new FFSs greatly enhance Bristow's training efforts, allowing instructors to effectively teach and monitor pilot performance, multi‐crew procedures, and crew resource management (CRM).
The Frasca simulators also feature recording facilities, including video, audio, instrument readouts, and flight path data. This allows the flight to be played back for debrief, analysis and learning opportunities, further enhancing training.
In the end, the three high fidelity flight simulators not only meet Bristow's certification and training objectives, but proved to be extremely reliable and easy to maintain, with reliability exceeding 98 percent.
"These aspects can only be trained and assessed effectively when instructors/examiners are not part of the crew (as they would have to be during training in the actual aircraft)," says Bristow's Training Standards Manager Paul Quick.
"The simulator is ideal, allowing the instructor/examiner to observe and test from the instructor station."


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Kikongo Classes, Instructors, Lessons
Find Kikongo language lessons and instructors on HeyKiki. The Kikongo language, known simply as Kongo by many, is to Central Africa what Zulu is to South Africa. It is the official language of Angola and the Congo, with over 5 millions worldwide users. As a part of the Niger-Congo and Bantu language family, the dialects range across the region in variety and its alphabet, like most of the Bantu descendants, is similar to Latin. Learning Kikongo could be a great skill to have if you're ever thinking of hopping across the pond!


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Underfrequency and its effects
Underfrequency refers to a condition where the frequency of the AC supply drops to a value that is lower than its defined value such as 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Underfrequency is usually caused by overloading a power source or problems with a prime mover such as engines or turbines.
The following are some of the effects of underfrequency
 - High flux density in electric machinery, thereby causing higher magnetizing currents.
 - High core loss and over-heating of the machines and possible failure.
 - Lower efficiency
 - Reduction in speed
 - The fault level increases due to reduced reactance
 Underfrequency situations can be avoided by the installation of underfrequency relays which isolate systems and machinery in the event of an underfrequency.


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In a multisite solution, you need to decide whether the sites can share the same code base, and if there is content that the sites cannot share.
## What is multisite?
Optimizely Content Management System (CMS) can host multiple websites using a shared database, and the same content assets. You can add new sites from the CMS admin view, and the start pages will share the same root page in the content structure. See [Setting up multiple sites](🔗).
In DXP, sites use the same Web App, and share the same code base and Optimizely Search & Navigation index. You can have an unlimited number of sites in the Web App. Common scenarios include solutions for the fashion industry, where sites may share the same content types and controllers, but each brand use different views and styles, resulting in different outbound presentations.
## Development strategies
### Code base
Consider how to organize your code using standard conventions and site-specific structures. Can the sites share the same code base, or do you need to separate them? Can you work with shared models and controllers, but use different views?
### Content types
 - Restrict blocks to a single site or share blocks across all sites. If possible, limit the number of site-specific content types (pages, blocks, media).
 - Limit access to specific content types by using roles/permissions and the [AvailableContentTypes](🔗) attribute.
 - Limit ability to add content by using the [AllowedTypes](🔗) attribute on content areas.
Note
Editors with access to multiple sites will have access to all.
### Display channels/options
Defined [display channels](🔗) and [display options](🔗) are available across all sites. Consider how to manage these if different websites have different requirements. For example, you can use [TemplateResolver](🔗) to detect which template should be active for a specific site.
### Forms
Forms in a multisite solution are available for selection across sites. To restrict access to forms, you can [apply access rights on form folders](🔗), just as you do for other types of content items. You can also create a specific [virtual role for managing forms](🔗).
### Categories
Optimizely offers built-in categorization functionality to tag content, and build features based on this. Categories are shared between sites in a multisite solution. You can organize categories by site in a hierarchical structure, or you can build your own category system.
### Personalized recommendations
Added visitor groups are available for all sites in edit view. You can create a specific [role for managing visitor group criteria](🔗) (optional), and ensure that editors working with content personalization are included in the group, and well-aware of which visitor groups to use in what context.
### User access
If sites in a multisite solution are administered by different editors, you can set up site-specific groups to provide editing access in selected parts of the shared content structure. See [access rights in the Optimizely user guide](🔗).
### Search
While available for on-premises versions of Optimizely,_Lucene.NET is not supported_ with DXP. Instead, [Optimizely Search & Navigation](🔗) is included providing advanced search features, and should be leveraged in your search implementation.
Sites with Optimizely Search & Navigation share the same index, and optimizations apply to all sites. Each site has its own partition of the index, and a shared partition for shared content. You can view search results and statistics per site or across all sites; you can limit search results per site.
### Localize
When translating user interface texts using the built-in localization service, you can create one or more XML files with any name, in the _~/Resources/LanguageFiles_ folder.
Note
Content types may have the same class name in code, using a different namespace and class name. To ensure that users can differentiate these, use unique _DisplayNames_. See [Localize the user interface](🔗).
### Custom cultures
Custom cultures such as "sv-gb" and "en-fr", are currently _not_ supported for solutions running in Optimizely DXP. Cultures are part of the standard operating system, and require changes to the registry to modify or add them. This modification is not allowed by the Azure App Service.
See the blog post [Implement custom cultures, CultureInfo, localize Azure App Service](🔗) for more information.
### Apps (add-ons)
Installed add-ons are available across all sites. However, you can restrict access through configuration by setting access rights for the location paths.
### Debug
You can debug on your local machine and in the _Integration_ environment. Debug in other environments only when absolutely needed. See [Troubleshoot](🔗).


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/SQL/ServiceBroker/Error' BEGIN PRINT N'_URL_ ; DECLARE _USER_ INT ; DECLARE _USER_ NVARCHAR(4000) ; WITH XMLNAMESPACES ('_URL_ AS ssb) SELECT _USER_ = CAST(_USER_ AS XML).value('(//ssb:Error/ssb:Code)', 'INT'), _USER_ = CAST(_USER_ AS XML).value('(//ssb:Error/ssb:Description)', 'NVARCHAR(4000)'); RAISERROR(N'Received error Code:%i Description:"%s"', 16, 1, _USER_, _USER_) WITH LOG; -- Insert your error handling code here END CONVERSATION _USER_; END ELSE -- in case of end dialog message - close conversation IF _USER_ = N'_URL_ BEGIN PRINT N'_URL_ ; END CONVERSATION _USER_; END END TRY BEGIN CATCH IF (@@TRANCOUNT>0) ROLLBACK TRAN --error handling code here END CATCH end GO
The following code shows how to reconfigure and set internal activation procedure on both conversation sides:
--run sql statements in sqlcmd mode on the source and target db instances with correct parameters. :on error exit :setvar ServerName
:setvar DatabaseName --sqlcmd command to open connection to a db server :CONNECT $(ServerName) GO use $(DatabaseName) GO --sql code to amend the queue to invoke message processing routine. ALTER QUEUE [dbo].[SampleQueue] WITH ACTIVATION ( STATUS = ON, PROCEDURE_NAME = [dbo].[InternalActivationProcedure], MAX_QUEUE_READERS = 2, EXECUTE AS N'dbo' )
MAX_QUEUE_READERS option configures the SQL Server system settings to run anywhere from 0 to 32,767 parallel processes. The greater the number of parallel processes that you have running, the faster that messages can be processed. However, you should run no more than one parallel processes per CPU core on the server so that you don't overload the CPUs.
The following t-sql code shows how to disable/enable internal activation on the queue:
use DestinationDB GO --disable internal activation ALTER QUEUE [SampleQueue] WITH RETENTION = OFF, ACTIVATION ( DROP ) GO --enable internal activation ALTER QUEUE [SampleQueue] WITH RETENTION = OFF, ACTIVATION (STATUS = ON, PROCEDURE_NAME = dbo.InternalActivationProcedure, MAX_QUEUE_READERS = 2, EXECUTE AS 'dbo' ) GO
Once our previously sent message with order information is processed by dbo.InternalActivationProcedure sp, data will appear on the DestinationDB.dbo.Order table. Lets check the result by querying the table :
use DestinationDB GO select * from dbo.[Order]
Use sql server dmvs to check service-broker configuration on both sides of service-broker communication. The following system views can help to troubleshoot your solutions:
--run sql statements in sqlcmd mode on source or target db with correct parameters. :on error exit :setvar ServerName
:setvar DatabaseName --sqlcmd command to open connection to a db server :CONNECT $(ServerName) GO use $(DatabaseName) GO SELECT * FROM sys.databases SELECT * FROM sys.routes SELECT * FROM sys.tcp_endpoints SELECT * FROM sys.service_broker_endpoints SELECT * FROM sys.dm_broker_activated_tasks SELECT * FROM sys.dm_broker_connections SELECT * FROM sys.dm_broker_forwarded_messages SELECT * FROM sys.dm_broker_queue_monitors SELECT * FROM sys.transmission_queue SELECT * FROM sys.service_broker_endpoints SELECT * FROM sys.certificates SELECT * FROM sys.conversation_endpoints
Starting SQL Server 2008 R2, Microsoft provides ssbdiagnose utility that can help to troubleshoot issues in service broker conversations and service configuration.
One of the main challenges with asynchronous application design is to ensure that messages are processed in order. Service Broker dialog protocol ensures the exactly-once-in-order(EOIO) message delivery on a conversation. It allows sql developer to focus on application business logic rather than on message transmission mechanism. In general, Service Broker provides an easy-to-use, asynchronous message processing platform for building highly-scalable applications that do not require an immediate response to the command that is executed. It handles the most difficult tasks involved in writing messaging applications. These difficult tasks include message coordination, reliable message delivery, locking, and starting queue readers, etc. It gives you power to manage the entire infrastructure required to build asynchronous distributed systems. It should be now clear how to configure basic service broker solution in order to harness the power of technically reliable, consistent, robust, efficient, asynchronous message queuing and processing mechanism and start developing highly available, scalable solutions.
Here are the list of useful links that might help you learn more:


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The technology of applying a colloidal single-layer coating of transparent polystyrene (PS) Ø 1 μm spheres at the tip face of a quartz fiber has been proposed and tested. Such a coating plays, in a light absorbing liquid, the role of a converter of pulsed laser radiation into acoustic radiation. The generation of ultrasound in water using a converter based on a quartz fiber 1 mm in diameter with a 2D colloidal crystalline coating consisted of polystyrene spheres with a diameter of ~1 μm at the fiber end was investigated. When excited by laser radiation (λ = 1.064 µm), coating of polystyrene spheres created in the liquid a laser thermal microstructure with a characteristic size of fractions of ~λ and a maximum temperature up to 10−2
degree at an energy in a short laser pulse of ~0.005 J. This short-lived thermal microstructure generated sound pulses in the liquid in the approximately 0.2–4 MHz range. The results of the experimental study of this effect are reported. The proposed laser radiation converter with colloidal coating of the optical fiber distal tip by a single layer of transparent spheres can be used for the development of new laser microtools for studying, processing of various objects in microsurgery, microstructuring of the surface, spot cleaning and restoration of objects of art and history.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


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Together in collaboration, PANGAIA, the purpose-led innovative materials science company, and Haeckels, the cult British skincare and fragrance brand, both known for bringing problem-solving innovation to the world through premium lifestyle products, have collaborated with C16 Biosciences, the New York City-based climate-tech startup producing next-generation ingredients to decarbonize consumer product supply chains, to introduce the The REWILD Body Block: the first ever soap bar made with C16 Biosciences' proprietary Palmless™ Torula Oil - a natural, biodesigned replacement for palm oil.
PANGAIA, Haeckels and C16 Biosciences have collaborated to bring Palmless™ to market as a soap bar for the first time. Palmless leverages naturally occurring microorganisms and fermentation to create a better alternative to palm oil that is rich in antioxidants and sterols and more sustainable. Palm oil is one of the most destructive ingredients on the planet. Known for its widespread and versatile applications in skin, personal care, and food, it is widely farmed but brings about destruction to biodiversity, wildlife ecosystems and human life that is cleared for mass farming; from the rainforests in Costa Rica to Indonesia, the devastation is wide ranging and significant.
The REWILD Body Block is scented with natural oils to recreate the smell of the rainforest burning down, highlighting the main way in which biodiversity is cleared to make way for the palm oil plantations. Building into the disruptive force of two B-Corp brands coming together with next-generation biotechnology innovators C16 Biosciences, the soap bar is housed in treeless packaging made from cotton and bamboo. Haeckels has manufactured the soap in-house at their production facility on the cliff tops in Margate, blending Palmless™ with their iconic seaweed extract foraged from the shores of Kent, along with organic materials including aloe vera, mandarin peel and vetiver root.
On 27th July, the PANGAIA, Haeckels and C16 Biosciences Rewild Body Block powered by Palmless™ will be available only on PANGAIA.com, Haeckels.co.uk and Selfridges, London priced at £30 / $40 with less than 200 blocks available worldwide.
PANGAIA is a purpose-driven leisure lifestyle company bringing problem-solving materials science innovations to the world. We are a global collective of one heart and many hands - scientists, technologists, designers – creating essential products from innovative tech and bio-engineered materials powered by nature. Our vision is to inspire and accelerate an earth positive future as we design a business model where our products are better for the planet than if they did not exist. Every product we create is born from science and purpose, each solving an environmental problem of the industry. From the materials we use to the colors we create, we are committed to protecting, preserving and promoting biodiversity on earth, pioneering and using materials that consider the delicate balance between planet, functionality and purpose.
C16 Biosciences is a New York City-based climate-tech startup producing next-generation ingredients to decarbonize consumer product supply chains. The company's proprietary biomanufacturing platform produces better performing, more sustainable alternatives to oils and fats that successfully address global ESG challenges—including climate change, food security, the environmental and safety impacts of natural resource extraction, and more. By collaborating with consumer brands in beauty and food, the company aims to reduce the environmental footprint of palm oil production. More information at c16bio.com.
Haeckels was founded in 2012 by Dom Bridges. Disillusioned by the production ethos of many larger skin care companies, Dom wanted to create simple hand-crafted products that showcased the surrounding coasts' natural ingredients in the hope that the products themselves would then promote Margate's heritage of healthy coastal living. Utilising the excess seaweed found in Margate to create a few initial hero products, which are still sold today, the brand acquired a lab on Cliff Terrace in 2013, where more product formulas were developed to complete the skin and fragrance range. The company has now grown significantly; with game changing products and expert global collaborations all while remaining to play an active part in the local community by organising beach cleans, marine conservation surveys and opening a community sauna. The brand continues to be a pillar of innovation; looking to science in the natural world to create the best in product but also the wider environment in which it sits, pioneering bio contributing packaging, championing traditional 'waste' ingredients where others would not, as well as new global supply chains, most recently an exclusive product range for a luxury hotel group utilising a local supply chain. As Haeckels has developed over the years, the heart of the company remains the same as it concentrates on a modern take on natural design first, in the hope that the products themselves will remind and educate customers of the natural wealth of the ocean, and beyond.


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Insights on service system design from a normal approximation to Erlang's delay formula
Coauthor(s): Peter Kolesar.
We show how a simple normal approximation to Erlang's delay formula can be used to analyze capacity and staffing problems in service systems that can be modeled as M/M/s queues. The numbers of servers, s, needed in an M/M/s queueing system to assure a probability of delay of, at most, p can be well approximated by s ≅ p + z***I-p+, where z1-p, is the (1 - p)th percentile of the standard normal distribution and ρ, the presented load on the system, is the ratio of Λ, the customer arrival rate, to μ, the service rate. We examine the accuracy of this approximation over a set of parameters typical of service operations ranging from police patrol, through telemarketing to automatic teller machines, and we demonstrate that it tends to slightly underestimate the number of servers actually needed to hit the delay probability target—adding one server to the number suggested by the above formula typically gives the exact result. More importantly, the structure of the approximation promotes operational insight by explicitly linking the number of servers with server utilization and the customer service level. Using a scenario based on an actual teleservicing operation, we show how operations managers and designers can quickly obtain insights about the trade-offs between system size, system utilization and customer service. We argue that this little used approach deserves a prominent role in the operations analyst's and operations manager's toolbags.
Source: Production and Operations Management
Kolesar, Peter, and Linda Green. "Insights on service system design from a normal approximation to Erlang's delay formula." Production and Operations Management 7, no. 3 (September 1998): 282-293.


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Tuning parameters of metal ion implantation within a microfluidic channel
Applying electrical fields is a simple and versatile method to manipulate and reconfigure optofluidic devices. Several methods to apply electric fields using electrodes on polymers or in the context of lab-on-a-chip devices exist. In this paper, we utilize an ion-implanted process to pattern electrodes within a fluidic channel made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Electrode structuring within the channel is achieved by ion implantation at a 40° angle with a metal shadow mask. In previous work using the ion-implantation process, we demonstrated two possible applications in the context of lab-on-a-chip applications. Asymmetric particles were aligned through electro-orientation. Colloidal focusing and concentration was possible with negative dielectrophoresis. In this paper, we discuss the different electrode structures that are possible by changing the channel dimensions. A second parameter of ion implantation dosage prevents the shorting of electrodes on the side wall or top wall of the fluidic channel to the bottom. This allows for floating electrodes on the side wall or top wall. These type of electrodes help prevent electrolysis as the liquid is not in direct contact with the voltage source. Possible applications of the different electrode structures that are possible are discussed.
Additional Information© 2010 SPIE. The authors would like to thank Claude Amendola for cutting the steel metal mask, CMI staff for assistance with SU-8 photolithography process, Rachel Grange and Chia-lung Hsieh for confocal microscope assistance, and Andreas Vasdekis and Wuzhou Song for fluorescence microscope assistance.
Published - 75930D_1.pdf


text: In the Aerial Corps, dragons often fly in formation. British formation, during the early 1800s, flying was taught by Celeritas. Temeraire appears to have a particular aptitude for designing formation maneuvers. Other nations have different formation flying styles. Formations combine the advantages of protection and organisation with the disadvantages of predictability. As such formations can be exploited to their detriment, by a clever enemy as seen in the case of Prussia's defeat by France in 1807.


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Dr. Walter M. Fierson, M.D.
Foster Care and Adoption
Approximately 800,000 children spend time in foster care each year and there are approximately 500,000 children in foster care on any given day. Children and adolescents in foster care are some of this nation's most vulnerable citizens. They have a host of unmet health needs, including physical, mental, developmental, emotional, educational and dental health needs. The AAP Task Force on Foster Care is addressing the health and well-being needs of children and youth in foster care.
Dr. Walter M. Fierson, M.D. comes on the show to discuss important information for those considering fostering a child and how to go about adopting a child.
Dr.Walter M. Fierson, M.D. is a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Southern California School of Medicine in Los Angeles County - USC Medical Center
He is a Consulting Ophthalmologist at California Children's Services and an Attending Physician in the Department of Ophthalmology at Children's Hospital of Los Angeles. He is a member of the AAP Task Force on Foster Care.
Melanie Cole, M.S.