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Related Catfish FAQs: Mochokid Catfishes, & FAQs on Catfish in General: Identification, Behavior, Compatibility, Selection, Systems, Feeding, Disease, Reproduction
Related Articles: Catfishes, African Cichlids
/A Diversity of Aquatic Life
The Squeakers, Lace or Upside Down Catfishes, Family Mochokidae
By Bob Fenner
Synodontis multipunctatus
The mochokids are a family of some181 species of African catfishes, distinguished from other siluriiforms by having ossified rays in their adipose fins and anal fins comprised of less than ten rays. Synodontis and other genera have three pair of barbels, one maxillary and two mandibular, the lower pairs being branched, giving them a feathery appearance.
 The mochokids are largely known by aquarists by the several somber to gorgeous members of the genus Synodontis. Though this genus accounts for the lions-share of mochokids (about 120), there are other "really neat" mochokids that infrequently grace international aquariums. Of note are the "African Plecos" or better "African Suckermouth Catfishes" in three genera of this family; Atopochilus, Chiloglanis, and Euchilichthys. Like their common namesake these fishes have underslung subterminal mouths, flattened heads. Mochokiella paynei, Microsynodontis spp.
 The common names for this family are derived for several species tendency for topsy turvy spatial orientation, swimming upside-down. Lace refers to their branching "whiskers", and "squeakers" for making squeaking noises, particularly when netted and lifted from the water.
 Like the majority of catfishes, the Squeakers are largely nocturnal, and though you may see them out and about occasionally during the light of day, it is at night time that they really shine in behavior. Hence, some "hiding spaces" out of the light should be provided (rocks, driftwood, clay pots, pipe...) that will afford them comfort. Oversize their living spaces to keep the peace as well as providing you with a chance to enjoy their interaction with each other. There are species for as small as twenty gallon systems, but groups of even modest sized species need bigger spaces.
 Most of the species of mochokid catfishes offered in the trade are wild-collected in Nigeria, Zaire and the three largest lakes in Africa; Victoria, Tanganyika and Malawi. Even the few occasional tank-bred specimens appreciate water quality somewhat like their "homeland", varying degrees of higher alkalinity and pH (dH 12-25, pH 7-8 in general). Investigate your species natural water conditions (fishbase.org, TetraPress books are excellent here) for more particulars re other aspects of the make-up of their native waters. These are active, feisty, eager eating animals that appreciate good water quality. A regular regimen of partial water changes (10-20% per week) while vacuuming the gravel is good insurance in providing clean water. Larger, more coarse natural gravel, or even "marine" substrates (e.g. dolomites, crushed coral) are better for systems with these fishes as they allow easier cleaning and help bolster pH and alkaline reserve. Sharp sands and definitely crushed glass are out... much too sharp, likely to damage their barbels and smooth skins.
 Filtration and circulation should be doubled for systems with these fishes as they enjoy good water movement and clean conditions. Outside power filters of good capacity and ease of cleaning (done weekly along with water changes, gravel vacuuming) are best here, arranged in such a way as to completely move all the system water about a few times hourly.
 This is one family of very easygoing fishes. Mochokids get along with almost all fishes, including their own. Though there may be territorial squabbles if there isn't sufficient room to share in a dark area of preference, they soon learn to share space. To observe and enjoy these fishes, it is truly necessary to have at least a few specimens (three to five) of a given or mixed species in a system large enough to grant them room to move and grow and reduce potential aggression. There is no such thing as "too much volume".
 There is a possibility of slow-moving fishes being damaged by an over zealous feeding Synodontis (e.g. a male Betta), or fishes small and slow enough to be swallowed to be sucked up by your mochokid cats, but by and large these fishes leave alone all but the smallest tankmates.
Species Hobbyists Are Likely To See (and want!):
Synodontis angelicus Schilthuis 1891, the Angelicus Catfish/Synodontis, Angel Squeaker. Central Africa; the Congo Basin. To twenty inches long in the wild, rarely half that in captivity. Cond.: pH 6-8, dH 5-19, temp. 24-28 C. Variable black to brown background with with white to yellow prominent dots. A beauty, that can be aggressive when large. _URL_ Summary.cfm?ID=9536&genusname= Synodontis&speciesname=angelicus
Synodontis brichardi Poll 1959,. West Africa; lower Congo. To six inches in length. Cond.s: pH 6-8, dH 5-19, temp. 22-25 C. A favorite of the genus in the aquarium interest. _URL_ Summary.cfm?ID=9544&genusname= Synodontis&speciesname=brichardi
Synodontis decorus Boulenger 1899, the Decorus to aquarists is the Clown Squeaker to science. From Central Africa; Congo Basin. To over a foot in length. Conds.: pH 6-8, dH 4-25, temp. 23-27 C. _URL_ Summary.cfm?ID=9554&genusname= Synodontis&speciesname=decorus
Synodontis eupterus Boulenger 1901, the Featherfin Squeaker. Africa; the White Nile, Chad, Volta and Niger Basins. To nearly six inches in length. Cond.s pH 6.2-7.5, dH to 15, temp. 22-26 C. Like others of the family a ready feeder on most all foodstuffs. Sometimes available as captive produced small individuals. _URL_ Summary.cfm?ID=9559&genusname= Synodontis&speciesname=eupterus
Synodontis multipunctatus Boulenger 1898, the Many-Spotted Synodontis, Cuckoo Catfish. East Central Africa; Lake Tanganyika. To eleven inches total length in the wild. Cond.s dH 15-35, temp. 21-25 C. Found on muddy bottoms to depths of 100 meters. Notable as the only fish to practice brood parasitism. Lays eggs amongst cichlid nests, its young growing faster eating the cichlid fry. See Riegel (2001) re spawning. _URL_ Summary.cfm?ID=9596&genusname= Synodontis&speciesname=multipunctatus
Synodontis nigromaculatus Boulenger 1905. Central and Southern Africa. To fifteen inches in length in the wild. Cond.s: pH 6-7.5, dH to 20, temp. 22-26 C. One of the many "assorted Synodontis" sold in the aquarium trade. Feeds on insects, snails and small fishes. _URL_ Summary.cfm?ID=8708&genusname= Synodontis&speciesname=nigromaculatus
Synodontis ocellifer Boulenger 1900. West Africa; Senegal to Chad. to nearly two feet in length in the wild. Similar to S. decorus, but without the latters flowing dorsal finnage or bar-marked caudal. More and more available as an import as well as a Florida farm produced species. _URL_ Summary.cfm?ID=5470&genusname= Synodontis&speciesname=ocellifer
Synodontis robbianus Smith 1875, a "miscellaneous" Squeaker or Upside-Down Catfish. West Africa; Lower Niger and Cross River in Nigeria. To five inches in length. Cond.s: pH 6-7.8, dH 10-25, temp. 21-24 C. One of many "assorted Synodontis" sold in the aquarium trade. A prodigious "picker upper" given adequate food of its own, hiding places out of the light. _URL_ Summary.cfm?ID=9615&genusname= Synodontis&speciesname=robbianus
Synodontis schoutedeni David 1936, the Schoutedeni Synodontis. Central Africa; Congo. To six and


When asset owners sell assets to charities for less than their fair value, that is
called a bargain sale to charity, and everyone can win. The charity wins because
they receive the excess value, and the donor wins because they receive some
payment and a deduction. The payment they receive usually gets preferred tax
treatment as a capital gain, and the charitable gift from the excess of the fair
market value over the selling price is deductible as an itemized deduction.
Another variation of the bargain sale occurs when an individual transfers debtencumbered property to a charity. The debt that is assumed by the charity is treated
as a payment, so like a traditional bargain sale, this is a part-sale/part-gift,
generally resulting in capital gains and a charitable contribution deduction to the
Both of these methods can be an excellent way to get assets to a charity and
favorable tax treatment to the donor.
For example, suppose that a property owner purchased land for $10,000. It is now
worth $100,000. He agrees to sell the land to the charity for $40,000. The property
owner has a capital gain (which is taxed at lower rates) of $30,000 ($40,000 selling
price less $10,000 tax cost). The transferor also has a charitable contribution of
$60,000 (fair value of $100,000 less selling price of $40,000).


text:
- Standard Number:1910.24(c)
OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. This letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. Note that our enforcement guidance may be affected by changes to OSHA rules. Also, from time to time we update our guidance in response to new information. To keep apprised of such developments, you can consult OSHA's website at _URL_.
May 8, 2000
Mr. M. Podlovsky, P.E.
Fluor Daniel Wright Ltd.
1075 W. Georgia St.
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4M7
Dear Mr. Podlovsky:
Thank you for your March 3, 2000 letter to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) [Directorate of Enforcement Programs (DEP)]. You have requested an interpretation of 29 CFR 1910.24(c), Fixed Industrial Stairs, Stair strength, in regards to the application of a 1000 lbs load on fixed industrial stairs. Your questions are restated below for clarity.
Question 1: What "strength to carry safely" level is expected of the stair as far as resistance to this load: Yield or allowable, i.e. to failure or to allowable stresses used for steel design?
Reply: The design of fixed stairways and their components must be based on their ultimate strength [yield stress (FY) or ultimate stress (FU)] and not on the allowable stresses as given in the Allowable Stress Design method of the American Institute of Steel Construction, Ninth Edition.
Question 2: Where should it [1000 lbs load] be applied: Stringers, Stair treads?
Reply: From a design standpoint, the specified design loads (e.g., normal live load and moving concentrated load of 1000 lbs) must be placed where the maximum stress is experienced by the individual structural components of the stair system.
Question 3: Is it a concentrated load or spread over the whole stair tread area?
Reply: 29 CFR 1910.24(c) states; "Fixed stairways shall be designed and constructed to carry a load of five times the normal live load anticipated but never of less strength than to carry safely a moving concentrated load of 1,000 pounds" [emphasis added]. Therefore, with respect to the design calculation, the normal live load is spread over the whole stair tread area and the moving concentrated load is considered to be a point load applied at a location on the stair system where the maximum stress would be experienced by the system (the 1000 lbs loading criteria is a minimum).
Thank you for your interest in occupational safety and health. We hope you find this information helpful. Please be aware that OSHA's enforcement guidance is subject to periodic review and clarification, amplification, and correction. Such guidance could also be affected by subsequent rulemaking. In the future, should you wish to verify that the guidance herein remains current, you may consult OSHA's website athttp://www.osha.gov. If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact the [Office of General Industry Enforcement] at _PHONE_.
Richard E. Fairfax, Director
[Directorate of Enforcement Programs]

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What is the lowest pressure at which plants can survive? How the plants behave in a Martian-type atmosphere? Is there any plant that can survive such atmosphere?
Can a lichen grow at Martian pressure?
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Are you referring to total air pressure or partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide? – Larry_Parnell Feb 29 '12 at 13:15
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1 Answer
I like your question!
Low surface pressure on Mars (averaging 600 Pa or about 1/170 of Earth's at sea level) is only one difficulty that an organism would have to contend with. In addition, mean surface temperatures are ~210 K (-63 C), the surface ultraviolet flux is extremely high (no ozone layer) and an aridity comparable to the Atacama desert. On the plus side, a 95% CO2 atmosphere might promote photosynthesis.
So, higher plants are extremely unlikely to prosper on Mars. Purely in terms of pressure, experiments suggest that at 1/10 Earth atmospheric pressure vascular plant transpiration increases significantly. So much so that they enter into a drought response which often leads to plant death.
However, lichens may be another matter. These are often adapted to low precipitation/pressure environments such as high mountains. Indeed, this article addresses exactly your question (sadly it is not open access). The authors suggest that the lichen Xanthoria elegans experiences no loss in vitality after 22 days exposure to laboratory Mars-like conditions (low pressure, low temperature etc.)!
Having skimmed this article I am frankly amazed (and slightly dubious) at the result. However, it should be noted that they only ran the experiment for 22 days, applied no ionising radiation (to simulate the high UV flux) and make little mention of the precise metabolic state of the lichen. If it has entered into cryptobiosis (cessation of metabolic processes) then it can't exactly be regarded as prospering.
 - de Vera et al., 2010, Astrobiology, 10, 2, Survival Potential and Photosynthetic Activity of Lichens Under Mars-Like Conditions : A Laboratory Study
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text:
specified). When you select this option, select the appropriate SHARING record operations, such as SHARING GET. When multiple streams are connected, the buffers allocated for each stream become part of a buffer cache for the entire process. (A buffer cache is a common shared buffer pool intended to minimize I/O.) A record operation on one stream may use cached buffers from a previous record operation on a different stream that referenced the same buckets.
When you open or create a file, you must specify the file access and file sharing you want for it. When using FDL or RMS, the default is to read records from the file (ACCESS GET) and to allow others accessors to read records from the file (SHARING GET). Typically, an application program may want to read records (ACCESS GET) while allowing other accessors to add records (SHARING PUT). You might want to modify records (ACCESS UPDATE) while allowing other accessors to add new records to the file (SHARING PUT).
When you create a file, the default is for FDL and RMS to add records to the file (ACCESS PUT) and to not allow others to access the file (SHARING NONE). When you create a file with the create-if option, it is especially important to specify the access and sharing values. In this instance, you have denied yourself access if the file already exists because you have specified SHARING NONE and you are not the initial accessor. One way to avoid this when you create a file is to allow most operations for other users (such as SHARING GET, SHARING PUT, SHARING UPDATE, and SHARING DELETE).
Combinations of file access and file sharing that specify a mixture of interlocked interprocess file access and user-interlocked interprocess file sharing allow the application program to access the file without record locking protection. Such combinations are not recommended for general use; they should be used only for application programs that require read-only access to a file. Other combinations may cause an error, such as requesting ACCESS BLOCK_IO without specifying SHARING NONE or SHARING USER_INTERLOCK.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


It's often useful to be able to identify the effects of specific provisions individually and not just the overall impact of a proposal with many provisions. Indeed, when revenue estimates of tax law changes are reported (such as this JCT analysis of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021), they are typically reported on a provision-by-provision basis. Finding the provision-by-provision revenue estimates is cumbersome with the Tax-Brain web application both because it's hard to iterate over many provisions and because the order matters when stacking estimates, so that one needs to keep this order in mind as parameter values are updated for each additional provision in a full proposal.
In the PSL Demo Day on April 5, 2021, I show how to use the Python API of Tax-Calculator to efficiently produce stacked revenue estimates. In fact, after some initial setup, this can be done with just 12 lines of code (plus a few more to make the output look nice). The Google Colab notebook that illustrates this approach can be found at this link, but here I'll walk through the four steps that are involved:
 1. Divide up the full proposal into strings of JSON text that contain each provision you want to analyze. My example breaks up the Biden 2020 campaign proposal into seven provisions, but this is illustrative and you can make more or less provisions depending on the detail you would like to see.
 2. Create a dictionary that contains, as its values, the JSON strings. A couple notes on this. First, the dictionary keys should be descriptive of the provisions as they will become the labels for each provision in the final table of revenue estimates we produce. Second, order matters here. You'll want to be sure the current law baseline is first (the value for this will be an empty dictionary). Then you specify the provisions. The order you specify will likely affect your revenue estimates from a given provision (for instance, expanding/restricting a deduction has a larger revenue effect when rates are higher), but there are not hard and fast rules on the "right" order. Traditionally, rate changes are stacked first and tax expenditures later in the order.
 3. Iterate over this dictionary. With a dictionary of provisions in hand, we can write a "for loop" to iterate over the provision, simulating the Tax-Calculator model at each step. Note that when the Policy class object in Tax-Calculator is modified, it only needs to be told the changes in tax law parameters relative to its current state. In other words, when we are stacking provisions, estimating the incremental effect of each, you can think of the Policy object having a baseline policy that is represented by the current law baseline plus all provisions that have been analyzed before the provision at the current iteration. The Policy class was created in this way so that one can easily represent policy changes, requiring the user to only input the set of parameters that are modified, not every single parameter's value under the hypothetical policy. But this also makes it parsimonious to stack provisions as we are doing here. Notice that the JSON strings for each provision (created in Step 1) can be specified independent of the stacking order. We only needed to slice the full set of proposals into discrete chunks, we didn't need to worry about creating specifications of cumulative policy changes.
 4. Format output for presentation. After we've run a Tax-Calculator simulation for the current law baseline plus each provision (and each year in the budget window), we've got all the output we need. With this output, we can quickly create a table that will nicely present our stacked revenue estimate. One good check to do here is to create totals across all provisions and compare this to the simulated revenue effects of running the full set of proposals in one go. This check helps to ensure that you didn't make an error in specifying your JSON strings. For example, it's easy to leave out one or more provisions, especially if there are many.
I hope this provides a helpful template for your own analysis. Note that one can modify this code in several useful ways. For example, within the for-loops, the Behavioral-Responses can be called to produce revenue estimates that take into account behavioral feedback. Or one could store the individual income tax and payroll tax revenue impacts separately (rather than return the combined values as in the example notebook). Additional outputs (even the full set of microdata after each provision is applied) can be stored for even more analysis.
In the future, look for Tax-Brain to add stacked revenue estimates to its capabilities. It'll still be important for users to carve up their full list of policy changes into sets of provisions as we did in Steps 1 and 2 above, but Tax-Brain will then take care of the rest behind the scenes.


text:
We are delighted to report that the story book introduced by CLDF to explain the process of liver transplant to children, has won the Information for Children award at the 2018 Patient Information Awards which are run by the British Medical Association.
Joe's Liver Transplant Story, was written by Saskie Dorman as she sat by the bedside of her five year old son Joe, while he recovered from his liver transplant in 2016.
When Saskie, who is a doctor, was preparing Joe for his transplant, she realised that there were no books specifically to explain the process to children, so decided to write a story based on her own family's experience. She told our families officer about it during a visit to the ward and we were determined to make her story happen. We are proud to have done so and very grateful to the nurses, play therapists, surgeons, doctors and psychologists, as well as other parents of children with liver disease who provided input to ensure its accuracy.
The book was finally launched in January this year and is now being used as part of the paeidatric transplant preparation process at Birmingham, Leeds and Kings. Yesterday (September 25) a team from CLDF attended the annual Patient Information Awards in London, an annual event run by the British Medical Association (BMA) to encourage the production of accessible, well-designed and clinically balanced patient information, where Joe's Liver Transplant Story was announced as the winner in the Information for Children Cateogry.
Judges described the book as "…..a unique resource. It is vitally important in explaining a life-changing massive operation to young children" and added "it deals with a sensitive topic in a way that is highly accessible to its target audience."
Alison Taylor, Chief Executive of Children's Liver Disease Foundation commented: "A key area of our work is providing information on these very rare conditions to families who are affected. We know that the hospitals who use 'Joe's Liver Transplant Story' find it extremely y useful and now to win such a prestigious award is a great accolade and a real endorsement of the quality of the information we provide."
Full details of the 2018 BMA Patient Information Awards are here CLICK HERE


Linux Unbundling Files Using tar
PreviousNext
Introduction
To retrieve files from a bundled tar file.
How to
Use the -x option to extract files from a tar file.
It is usually a good idea to first create a new directory and extract the files in the newly created directory.
This way, you don't mix up files that might already exist in a directory with files from the archive.
This example creates a directory and then copies the tar file into the directory before extracting it:
$ mkdir tarball
$ cd tarball
At this point, it is worth viewing the files in the tar file (using the -t option).
This code shows you the directories that will be created and where scripts will be restored:
$ tar -tvf prodrel.tar
drwxr-xr-x oracle/dba 0 2022-05-10 11:29:53 home/oracle/scripts/
-rw-r--r-- oracle/dba _PHONE_-10 11:14:30 home/oracle/scripts/s2.sql
-rw-r--r-- oracle/dba 22 2022-05-10 11:14:12 home/oracle/scripts/s1.sql
The preceding output shows that the home directory will be created beneath the current working directory.
It also shows that the scripts directory will be created with two SQL files.
Now copy the tar file to the current directory and extract the files from it:
$ cp ../prodrel.tar .
$ tar -xvf prodrel.tar
Here's the corresponding output that shows the directories and files that were extracted:
home/oracle/scripts/
home/oracle/scripts/s2.sql
home/oracle/scripts/s1.sql
You can also use the tree command to confirm the directory structure and files therein:
$ tree
.
 |-- home
 | '-- oracle
 | '-- scripts
 | |-- s1.sql
 | '-- s2.sql
'-- prodrel.tar
Note
The -x option allows you to extract files from a tar file.
When extracting files, you can retrieve all files in the tar file or you can provide a list of specific files to be retrieved.
The following example extracts one file from the tar file:
$ tar -xvf prodrel.tar scripts/s1.sql
You can also use pattern matching to retrieve files from a tar file.
This example extracts all files that end in .sql from the tar file:
$ tar -xvf prodrel.tar *.sql
If you don't specify any files to be extracted, all files are retrieved:
$ tar -xvf prodrel.tar
PreviousNext
Related


Uloborus plumipes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Garden center spider
Uloborus plumipes side 2.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Uloboridae
Genus: Uloborus
Species:
U. plumipes
Binomial name
Uloborus plumipes
Lucas, 1846
Distribution.uloborus.plumipes.1.png
Synonyms
 - Orithya gnava
 - Orithya gnavus
 - Uloborus costae
 - Uloborus gnavus
 - Uloborus niloticus
 - Uloborus niveivestis
 - Uloborus pictiventris
 - Uloborus signatus
Uloborus plumipes is a species of Old World cribellate spider in the family Uloboridae. Common names include the feather-legged lace weaver and the garden centre spider, the latter name being due to its frequent occurrence of this spider in garden centres on the world. The species name is derived from the Latin pluma "feather" and pes "foot".
Females grow up to 6 mm. They lack venom glands, and are therefore non-venomous. A stabilimentum is sometimes present. Pattern and colouration is quite variable. In contrast to Uloborus walckenaerius, it has distinct tufts of hairs on the front legs. They are well-camouflaged as they hang upside down motionlessly in their horizontal webs. Young spiders look like dead insects and are thus hard to find on a web. The empty egg sac can often be seen attached to house plants. It is flattish, papery and brown and about 0.5 cm long, with the shape of a dried holly leaf.
Description[edit]
Uloborus plumipes is a small spider with adult females growing to a length of about 6 mm (0.2 in). The abdomen is truncated and patterned with various irregular tubercles and granulations. The front pair of legs are uneven in appearance with the tibia clothed in dense hairs while the naked terminal segments are very slender. The colour is some shade of greyish-brown mottled with white specks.[1]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
The distribution of Uloborus plumipes is "Europe, Africa, Yemen, Pakistan, Philippines. Introduced to Argentina".[2] It originated from warmer parts of the Old World where its typical habitat is on the trunk or among dead twigs and branches of trees.[1] It has spread to Holland, Belgium and other parts of Europe where it is found in heated greenhouses. It was first recorded in the United Kingdom in 1992 and has since spread to many areas particularly in the south and east. It is often known as the garden centre spider because it is found on houseplants growing in hothouses in garden centres and is able to survive the winter in greenhouses that are heated to maintain a temperature well above freezing point. It may perform a useful function in helping to control whitefly.[3]
Behaviour[edit]
Spiderlings on a web
Uloborus plumipes is a cribellate spider with a cribellum, a silk spinning organ which consists of one or more plates covered in thousands of tiny spigots. The fine fibres produced are combined by comblike bristles on the hind legs into slender silk threads with a fuzzy texture that are able to trap prey without the use of glue.[4]
This spider is an expert in camouflage and very much resembles a bit of dead bark or other piece of detritus as it dangles from its web. It is normally found on dead branches, among dead twigs or under the eaves of a house. It hangs inertly in the centre of the small, horizontal web it has spun with its legs in line with its body. The web often looks bedraggled with broken strands and the whole effect is of an ancient, abandoned cobweb with a scrap of dead plant material adhering to it. The eggs are concealed in silk egg sacs which are also suspended from the web. The female spider closely resembles these as she dangles nearby. The American naturalist Elizabeth Peckham describes how she attempted to take down a small web with eleven apparent cocoons suspended from it, only to find one of these inert objects springing to activity as the female revealed her presence on the web.[1] Female feather-legged spiders compete for possession of webs and communicate their intentions through thread pulling and shaking the occupied web. These interactions can lead to physical altercations between females. [5]
References[edit]
 1. ^ a b c Peckham, Elizabeth G. (1889). "Protective resemblances in spiders". A Book of Natural History. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
 2. ^ "Uloborus_plumipes". World Spider Catalog. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
 3. ^ "Summary for Uloborus plumipes (Araneae)". Spider and harvestman recording scheme. British Arachnological Society. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
 4. ^ Coddington,Jonathan A.; Levi, Herbert W. (1991). "Systematics and evolution of spiders (Araneae)". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 22: 565–592. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.22.1.565. JSTOR _PHONE_.
 5. ^ Joel, Anna-Christin; Habedank, Anne; Mey, Jorg (30 January 2017). "Vibratory movements in contests between females of the feather-legged spider (Uloborus plumipes)". Zoology. 125: 87-93. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
External links[edit]


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Edict of Worms
The Edict of Worms was issued by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor on May 29, 1521 at Worms, at the end of the Diet of Worms. It contained a condemnation of Martin Luther and declared him to be an outlaw and a heretic for his opposition to the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. Among other things, this ruling permitted anyone to kill Luther without suffering legal consequence, and the property of Luther's followers and supporters could be seized by force. Luther was, however, charged to go along the passage across the Holy Roman Empire and thus returned to Wittenberg where he was protected by the Elector Friedrich until 1522 when he felt compelled to return from his exile there to defend his views in the context of the revolution they had caused.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Finger Dowsing: How To Tell If Your Partner Is Faithful – by Tana Hoy
Did you know that you can use a secret psychic method of divination to tell if your partner is faithful? You don't have to use a pendulum, or other psychic tools such as Tarot cards to get this information. All you need is your mind, your will, and your index finger, to get an answer!
Finger Dowsing - An Excellent Method To Find Answers
To dowse is when you try to search for hidden objects, like water or treasures, with the use of instruments such as pendulums and dowsing rods. When you dowse with your finger, your finger becomes like a human dowsing rod. Instead of lusing it to look for objects, you can use it to find answers to questions, especially questions about love and relationships.
Learning to dowse with your finger is actually very convenient because you can do it very discreetly. For example, while you're sitting across from your date in a restaurant, waiting for your food to be served, you can secretly divine an answer to find out if he or she is really interested in having a relationship with you. Or when you are standing in line behind your partner, you can use it to see if they are being faithful, or telling the truth about something!
How To Be A Finger Dowser
Certain preparation is needed if you're going to use this finger technique to dowse, especially when it's your first time. But the most important advice I can give is, always try clear your mind of jealousy, vengeful thoughts, self-doubt, and other negative emotions, when using this method, as this will greatly affect the answer you will get.
Here are the steps you need to do to prepare yourself for using this method:
1. Every day for several days, spend time in a quiet room.
2. Focus your attention on the tip of your index finger – if you're right-handed, use your left index finger, and if you're left-handed, use your right one.
3. Visualize in your mind that the tip of your finger is like an antenna for receiving psychic energy. Imagine it becoming hyper sensitive to the energy of your surroundings.
4. Be clear in your mind that your index finger is for receiving vibrations, not sending them out, because you don't want to accidentally zap someone with your focused energy.
5. Point it at different objects in the room, and try to sense their energy through your finger.
How To Calibrate Your Finger
After a few minutes of doing this, you will need to calibrate your finger:
1. First, point your index finger at nothing in particular, and hold it steady for a few moments, and then start moving it up and down. Affirm in youe mind that this up and down movement means "yes." Keep practicing this until you feel comfortable associating this finger movement with a "yes" answer.
2. Next, point your finger steadily forward again, and move it from side to side, allowing yourself to accept that this means "no." Repeat this until you feel comfortable knowing that this is a "no" answer!
3. Now, point your finger steadily forward again but this time move it in a circular finger movement. Program your mind to know that this means "uncertain."
Now, practice asking yes or no questions that you know the answer to. For example, point your finger at the lamp and ask yourself, "Is the lamp turned on?", etc. See if you can get a response.
You will need to practice this exercise several times a day, whenever possible. Don't fret if you don't get a response right away. It takes lots of practice and patience.
Once you're confident of your ability at getting answers using finger dowsing, you are ready to use this technique to answer your question about your partner.
How To Finger Dowse
- Before you meet your partner, spend some time meditating. You need to clear your mind of negative emotions, and be as relaxed as possible.
- As you meditate, focus your mind on this person. Try to see him or her objectively – as a person. Imperfect, yet perfect in his or her own right.
- After a while, form the question you want to ask. Remember, it has to be answerable by yes or no, and it needs to be objective so your personal emotions won't influence the outcome.
- Ask your question several times inside your mind. Then let it go.
- Relax your mind for another few minutes, then slowly bring yourself out of your meditative state.
Finger Dowsing is really simple to do!
1. Look for an opportunity where you can discreetly use your finger dowsing. You can do it under the table, or while you're watching a movie. Just make sure that you do it discreetly, since no one enjoys being pointed at.
2. Point your finger discreetly at your partner.
3. Ask your question inside your head.
4. Wait for your finger to give you an answer.
Now, remember, if you get an answer you don't particularly like, it's not good manners to start a fight or storm out. It's always best to talk it over, and settle the score.
If you want to know if someone is faithful, or confirm what you suspect, during a psychic reading I can give you the right advice and show you how to handle this situation! You can schedule a psychic reading with me by clicking here now!


© Kit Scates Barnhart
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Danny's DNA Discoveries – Inky Caps of the PNW
by Danny Miller
Click here for my Pictorial Key to the Inky Caps
Parasola - click to expand
These species are often extremely pleated, occasionally with tiny cap hairs sticking out, which may have more of a tendency to open up and flatten in age than other genera. There's often a bright brown eye on the disc. There is no universal veil material on the cap (nor any other pileal cystidial elements), and they don't really turn to ink, just tatter. The gills are often distinctly free. They are often found in grass and gardens. They can be very difficult to separate from Coprinellus and Tulosesus. Coprinellus is more likely to have granular veil particles on the cap. Tulosesus is even harder to differentiate, but probably doesn't have as distinct an eye on the disc. One 'Psathyrella' species that is not pleated turned out to be a new section of Parasola. It is very difficult to tell apart from Psathyrella.
Species mentioned: Parasola plicatilis, auricoma, lactea, neoplicatilis and conopilea
Coprinellus - click to expand
Usually also golden brown in youth, and also strongly pleated, also often free gills, very much like Parasola, although there is not usually as sharp an eye on the disc. These are species with a universal veil material made up of roundish cells often visible as particles on the young, fresh cap. The segregated Tulosesus is more likely to have no universal veil, but microscopic cap hairs. (as well as angular spores). The caps may turn to ink, or they just might tatter.
Species mentioned: Coprinellus micaceus, saccharinus, domesticus, radians, xanthothrix and flocculosus. Coprinus arachnoideus, bubalinus and alutaceivelatus. Coprinopsis bulalina and alutaceivelata.
Tulosesus - click to expand
This new genus is hard to characterize. Again, the usually pleated caps my deliquesce or they may just tatter. They are often golden brown, fading to grey in age except in the centre, but the eye on the disc won't usually be as distinct as in Parasola. The caps may be slightly granular, but do not usually have the mica particles or scales of the Coprinellus species above (more usually just very tiny hairs). They are not usually as finely pleated as Parasola. Segregated from Coprinellus.
Species mentioned: Tulosesus impatiens, heterosetulosus, hiascens, congregatus, ephemerus sclerocystidiatus, eurysporus
Coprinopsis - click to expand
Microscopically, the pileipellis is a cutis, which means the top layer of the cap has strings of cells laying flat. To the naked eye, they often have shaggy veil material on the cap, but not always, and so do some other genera occasionally. The caps are often greyish, and they usually completely deliquesce. The sizes can range from miniscule to very large (caps 1 mm to 10 cm).
Species mentioned: Coprinopsis atramentaria, atramentaria var. crassivelata, depressiceps, striata, pinguispora, acuminata, romagnesiana, strossmayeri, picacea, lagopus, lagopides, marcida, brunneistragulata, pachyderma, cinerea, fimetarius, friesii, nivea, stercorea, tetraspora, undulata, sylvicola, kubickae, phaeospora, psychromorbida, uliginicola, canoceps. Psathyrella longipes, fragilissima and elwahensis. Coprinus alnivorus.
Narcissea - click to expand
Microscopically, these don't quite match Coprinopsis nor Coprinellus, but they look more like Coprinopsis, so that's where they used to be placed. Genetically, they turned out to be very closely related to Coprinellus, which is interesting. That definitely qualifies them for their own genus. The pileipellis is not a cutis, there are some spherical universal veil cells on the cap but there are no pileocystidia. The spores are strongly flattened with a polygonal outline. Sorry, but that's the definition of this genus. Luckily, we don't need to worry about that since we are not known to have any species here.
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text: Background: The present study investigated working memory capacity, lexical access, phonological skills and reading ability in 6 children with cochlear implants (CI), attending grades 1-3. For each test measure, the individual performance of the children was compared to a grade-matched comparison group of children with normal hearing. Performance was also studied in relation to demographic factors. Material/Methods: Cognitive skills were assessed in a computer-based test battery. Different aspects of each of the component skills were tapped in various subtests. Reading comprehension was measured by the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test and decoding was assessed in the Test of Word Reading (TOWRE). The children were also tested on orthographic learning. Results: These children with CI have specific difficulties in tasks of phonological skills and phonological working memory (WM) where nonwords are used as test stimuli. They do not seem to have problems with phonological processing of words for which they have a well defined phonological representation. They also experienced relatively more difficulties in tasks on lexical access without any contextual information. Conclusions: We suggest that children with CI are particularly efficient in using compensatory strategies in situations where their auditory perception does not provide sufficient information to correctly match the incoming speech signal to a corresponding representation in longterm phonological storage. The children with CI in this study were skilled readers, both for decoding of words and nonwords and for reading comprehension. They may use both orthographic and phonological reading strategies, although most of them seem to be dependent on phonological decoding to some extent.


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During the months of May and June, the 17-year cicadas will be making their arrival known.
It is important to understand what can be done to protect and control damage to our younger trees.
The crucial timeframe will last about six weeks. This is when the females will start to lay their eggs by making slits on the tips of branches.
After the slits are made, you will see these branch tips turn brown and die. This can be fixed by pruning off these branches after this occurs.
Homeowners should not use pesticides, as they are not effective and could cause harm to the birds and other animals that eat cicadas.
The most effective way to protect the smaller trees, is by using netting with openings less than 3/8" in size.
Larger trees should not have any major detrimental effects from any egg laying.
Here is more information written by Dr Mike Raupp from the University of MD: _URL_


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This talk by Richard Brock given at TEDx Cambridge University explores the importance of tacit knowledge in education. Richard is currently in the third year of his PhD at the University of Cambridge and states,
"All good teaching must start with some sort of common assumption between the teacher and the student. These assumptions can then provide the basis upon which knowledge can be exchanged later. How do we know which of these assumptions are the right ones, however?"
Adrian and Christine are often seen discussing concepts of intuition, innovation and research and how they are at times inextricable linked and at other times seem at war with each other. The contextual nature of innovation results in a distinct delineation between knowledge which can be represented formally and knowledge that is tacit. Michael Polanyi posits that we know more than we can ever express. He suggests that this predisposes some individuals to exhibit innovative behaviours, trusting their intuition, and shaping the culture of the organisation around them. The inverse is also true.
So how does this tacit knowledge shape an individual's belief system? Can organisations understand the key elements and necessary conditions for harnessing collective belief systems to create a culture of innovation? What do we even mean by innovation?
These are the questions and relationships that Adrian is exploring as part of his PhD.


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Could Not Initialize Photoshop Because The File Is Already In Use Or Was Left OpenQuestion in progress 0 3 Answers 0
Answers ( 3 )
Could Not Initialize Photoshop Because The File Is Already In Use Or Was Left Open
Photoshop is a powerful tool, but it can be temperamental. Not every file you try to open will work the first time, and that's because Photoshop is constantly using the files in the same way. In this blog article, we'll show you how to fix this common Photoshop problem and get your images up and running as quickly as possible. By following our tips, you'll avoid frustrating errors and get more out of your software.
What this message means
If you are having trouble opening a Photoshop file that you have just downloaded, there is a chance that the file is already in use or has been left open. To avoid this situation, make sure to close all other programs before opening your Photoshop file.
How to fix it
Often, when users try to open a Photoshop file that is already in use, or when they leave Photoshop open after using it, the program will not start. This can be frustrating and time-consuming to fix. In this tutorial, we will show you how to fix Photoshop not starting up by repairing permissions.
What to do if Photoshop is not opening
If you're using Photoshop on a PC and it doesn't seem to be opening, there are a few things you can check. First, make sure that the file is saved in the correct format. If you're using Adobe Photoshop CS6 or later, the file must be saved as an Adobe Photoshop (.psd) file. If you're using an earlier version of Photoshop, your file may be saved in a different format, like a JPEG or PNG image, and Photoshop won't be able to open it. Next, make sure that the file is closed properly. If you've just opened the file and it's already in use by another program on your computer, Photoshop won't be able to open it. Finally, if all else fails, try restarting your computer.
If you are having trouble trying to open a file that Photoshop is already using or if you have left Photoshop open and it could not initialize because the file is in use, there are several troubleshooting steps that you can take. First, try closing all other programs that may be using the same files. Second, try opening the file in another program such as Adobe Illustrator or Inkscape and saving it back to your computer. Finally, try reinstalling Photoshop. If none of these solutions work, please contact customer service for further assistance.
Photoshop is one of the most popular photo editing software programs available, but sometimes users may experience an issue when trying to open a file. An error message may appear stating "Could not initialize Photoshop because the file is already in use or was left open". This error occurs when a user attempts to open a file that has already been opened by another program or user in Photoshop, or if the file was left open after exiting Photoshop.
To resolve this error, you will need to close any other programs that are using the same file and make sure no other user is logged into your computer with an active Photoshop session. Additionally, you can try restarting your computer so that all processes and applications are completely shut down before attempting to access the same file again in Photoshop.
😐 Have you ever been in the middle of editing a photo in Photoshop and have the software tell you that it "Could Not Initialize Photoshop Because The File Is Already In Use Or Was Left Open"? It's one of the most annoying things that can happen when you're trying to get creative with your images.
The good news is that this issue can be fixed relatively easily with a few simple steps. In this blog post, we'll go over how to fix this issue and get you back to editing your photos in no time.
First, you'll need to figure out why Photoshop was unable to initialize in the first place. There are a few common causes for this issue and the most likely is that you didn't close the file properly. When working with large files, it's important to remember to save and close the file before exiting Photoshop.
If you're sure that you closed the file properly, then the issue might be related to another program or process that's using the file. To check for this, open the Task Manager (Ctrl + Alt + Del) and look under the "Processes" tab. Look for any processes that are using the same file or files as the one you're trying to open in Photoshop and end those processes.
If neither of these solutions works, then you may need to restart your computer. This should free up any resources that are being held by the file and allow you to open it in Photoshop.
Once you've restarted, try opening the file again in Photoshop. If the issue persists, contact Adobe Support or your local IT department for further assistance.
We hope this guide was able to help you resolve the "Could Not Initialize Photoshop Because The File Is Already In Use Or Was Left Open" issue. If you have any other questions about using Photoshop, feel free to reach out and we'll be happy to help. 🤗


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In 1968, the district constructed a pumping plant on the Crooked River near Smith Rocks for additional water supplies. Natural flow from the Crooked River is pumped 120 feet up the Crooked River canyon where it discharges into the main canal. The water then crosses the Crooked River in a 520 foot long concrete flume.
The pumping plant consists of nine vertical shaft pumps with a total capacity of 200 cubic feet per second. Each pump is powered by a 450-horsepower motor that pumps the water into a 60-inch steel-pipe discharge line.


Print Migrator
From Galen Healthcare Solutions - Allscripts TouchWorks EHR Wiki
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This page describes how to use the Microsoft Print Migrator to move printer definitions from one server to another. This is especially useful if you want to update the test server with the printers defined on the production print server or if you are creating a new Print Server and want to define all of the printers quickly. This utility will copy the definitions and drivers to the new server.
Download the utility
The first step is to download the utiliy. You can find this on the Microsoft website by searching for Print Migrator or using the following URL:
Print Migrator 3.1
Download the utility and save it to a directory that you'll remember. This toll needs to be on each server you need to backup or restore printer definitions to.
Backing up the Printer Definitions
 1. After downloading the application, find the printmig.exe file you saved and double-click it. This will open the application and show the following summary:
 1. Select the "Actions" drop down and choose "Backup".
 2. Select the path that you'd like the CAB file saved to and name it appropriately. I typically recommend a clear name with a date of the backup.
 3. Once you've selected the location, the program will take a few minutes to create the backup file. Once it has finished, it'll say "Backup Completed". You are done with the backup.
 1. Copy the CAB file you created to the server that you'd like to restore the definitions to.
Restoring the Printer Definitions
 1. Connect to the Server that you'd like to restore the printer definitions to.
 2. Ensure that the CAB file created previously and the PrintMig.exe file exists on this server.
 3. Double-click the PrintMig.exe file.
 1. Select the "Actions" drop down and choose "Restore".
 2. This will ask you to select the CAB file you'd like to restore. Find the CAB file created previously and select "Open"
 3. The process will begin restoring the drivers and printer definitions.
 4. If you recieve the following error, you must Disable Kernal Mode Driver Blocking.
 1. If you receive this error, press OK to terminate the restore.
 2. Once the Restore process teminates completely, review the following article to adjust the setting:
Installing Kernel Mode Printer Drivers
 1. Once the setting is correct, rerun the restore following the steps above.
 2. When the process completes the application will say "Restore Complete".
 3. At this point, all of the printers should appear in the Windows Printer and Faxes page. They will need to be enabled in TouchWorks if they need to be used there, but it should reflect the full list of printers on the production server.


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How to Find Commonality to Influence Employees
During a talk for CAFE (the Canadian Association of Family Enterprises) I made the comment that if you're finding it difficult to motivate those around you to have the same ambition and energy you do, there's a good chance that it's not them, it's you.
The most successful entrepreneurs and business leaders are influential, and they become influential by practicing the achievement of commonality based on adapting to individuality.
Sound complex? It's not and here's why.
Today and everyday, how you react and respond to the people and events around you are influenced by your perceptions. Your perceptions are in turn unique to you, which means that it is rare that your perceptions (and in turn your responses and reactions to events around you) will align completely with others you interact with.
In turn the greater your ability to find commonality by adapting to individuality, the greater your chances of influencing the people and environment that surround you.
If you've ever observed a good politician (I know, it's a stretch), or a likeable car salesman (another stretch!), what you will find is that they are highly flexible in how they listen to, approach and respond to those they interact with. They place intense focus on understanding the individuality of those they interact with in order to find commonality and adapt to it.
Finding commonality is based on assessing five separate components which is done in the form of questions that you can consider during (or prior to) an interaction with someone.
Here are the questions:
1. Life Experiences: What life experiences have influenced their perceptions of the world around them?
2. Generational Differences: Based on their generation, what are their likes, dislikes and preferences?
3. Behavioral Preferences: What behavioral patterns can you spot and how might these influence their perceptions?
4. Thought Patterns: What are their sensory experiences? How do they tend to filter their thoughts?
5. Social Environment: What are the attributes of the social environment that they exist in today?
Sound overwhelming? It's not. Take it from someone who started their own business at the age of fourteen and sold cars at the age of twenty-one!
Question: Consider an employee or customer that you work with frequently and answer the five questions below. Based on your responses how might you change your approach, conversations and interactions to create a more valuable interaction and in turn increase your influence?
© Shawn Casemore 2017. All rights reserved.


text:
Posted by Bruce Kahl on March 31, 2003
In Reply to: Origin of a weather proverb posted by Lucky on March 31, 2003
: Can anyone give me the origins of this weather proverb?
: "When the ditch and pond affect the nose,
: Look out for rain and stormy blows."
"When the ditch and pond affect the nose, Then look out for rain and storm blows"
"Sound traveling far and wide, A stormy day will betide."
Rain develops as the density of the air drops. This density change causes sound waves to travel differently, usually farther than normal.
This allows for a better mixing of the air which carries the fragrance of the flowers, or the putrid smell of the marsh or ditch to the nose.
High air pressure, associated with fair weather, tends to hold earthly scents to their source. When low pressure arrives, the odors are released and can be sniffed.


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filme porno gey gratisIn this blog post we'll show you how to create wires and tubes in different ways. We'll start with laying everything on a flat surface, then on an uneven surface and lastly mix things up a bit more.
filme porno gey gratisThese methods and principles will also probably work in other CAD programs, given they have similar tools, of course.
filme porno gey gratis
In this example we'll create an 8 mm outer diameter tube with 1 mm walls which just lays on a flat surface.
First, create a flat surface in the form of a box. Then create a smaller cube with sides large enough to house the cross section of your wire or tube. For our?8 mm tube, we'll just create a 10x10x10 mm cube. This cube is not necessary, but it makes it easy to define a start position and angle. It will also underline an important technique later on. Usually you would have a set place to start and end your wire/tube, but in this case we don't have anything like that.
Then construct an above the large surface with offset equal to your wire/tube radius. In our case this is 4 mm. In addition, create a sketch on one of the sides of the cube where you want your wire/tube to start. Create a circle tangent to the bottom edge as in the screenshot below. This will serve as our sweep profile.
Next, create a spline on the offset plane which starts at the center-point of the proper side of your cube. The shape is not that important, but it will reflect the physical properties of your wire/tube – stiff as a garden hose or soft as boiled spaghetti. Don't worry about the spline being perpendicular on the cube edge yet. What you also can do is to create a straight construction line on the same sketch which starts where the spline starts and goes through the cube. This should be perpendicular to the cube edge/face.
Here comes a neat little trick: create a tangent constraint between your spline and your straight construction line. This way your wire/tube will start in a natural angle relative to what it is attached to. It doesn't matter too much in our example here, but you more often than not want your wire/tube to exit perpendicularly out of a box or whatever. You can also play around with the spline's fit points while the start will stay in the same angle in a natural fashion.
Now comes the fun part! Use the sweep tool and choose the circle on the side of the cube as profile and the spline as patch. Make sure orientation is Perpendicular and that you choose either new body or new component as operation.
To make this thing look less like a smoothly bent steel rod and more like a tube, use the shell tool. Select both ends and specify wall thickness (in our case 1 mm). This will hollow out our steel rod and make it a pipe instead. Alternatively, you can create to circles on the side of the cube (one for the outer diameter and one for the inner) and use the area between them as the sweep profile. This way you don't have to use the shell command.
Give it the clear acrylic appearance and do a quick render. Remember to hide your cube! The result might look something like this:
You can easily change the shape of the tube by moving/adding/removing spline fit points in the sketch. The changes will propagate to the final result. The outer diameter can be changed by altering the circle diameter on the side of the cube. For it to rest on the surface you will need to go change the offset plane offset.
filme porno gey gratis
Let's up the complexity a bit. This principle works with any kind of surface, but in this example we will use the sculpting environment to create the uneven surface and go from there.
Start with creating a form. This will take you to the Sculpt workspace. Create a plane with as many faces as you feel like and make it "un-flat" by using the Edit Form tool (drag vertices, edges and/or faces up and/or down). We found our inner artist and created the magnificent wavy surface seen below.
Now we're going to use the handy Thicken tool to create two additional surfaces based on this one: one surface which the center of the tube will follow and another surface which actually will thicken the original surface and create a solid body.
The cool thing about the Thicken tool is that a surface can be thickened either along an axis or along the normal of the surface. We will need to use the Normal direction for the plane that the tube will follow and the No Edge thicken type. Choose a thickness equal to the radius of your tube. In our case this is still 4 mm.
Repeat the operation, only this time reverse the direction, choose either a Sharp or Soft thicken type. The direction parameter and the thickness aren't important (we went with Sharp, Normal and 1 mm).
Create a sketch in the XY plane (if the Z-axis is your vertical axis) and draw your initial tube shape with a spline. Our sketch can be seen below.
Now create a new sketch and choose the Project To Surface tool. This is where the magic happens. Choose the topmost surface as face, the spline as the curve and the vertical axis as projection direction with an Along Vector project type. You can see the result below where the spline follows the chosen surface.
In the first example we used a cube to define the sweep profile. This time we're going to do something different. Construct a plane along path, choose the newly projected curve and drag the plane to one of the ends of the curve like seen below. The curve will always be normal to this plane. Hide the topmost surface (you won't need it anymore).
The rest is easy. Create a tube profile on the newly constructed plane with correct outer radius and use the sweep tool to create the tube.
One issue you might encounter is that the tube may cut into the base surface. This is in our opinion not logical since the target surface for the projection should at any given point be exactly one tube radius away from the base surface. If some of you know why this isn't the case, please leave a note in the comments below.
Luckily, this amount isn't that large. You can see below how much got cut into our base surface. For pure aesthetic purposes, this can be overlooked. We chose to cut away the overlapping part.
Now, put on some silly textures and render. Here's our result.
Up until now, our wires/tubes have followed the surface completely. This makes it look very soft and/or heavy. Smaller wires and tubes are usually quite stiff compared to their weight, and will be floating much more in the air.
Here's an example where we have added a bit more natural stiffness, but it still looks quite soft and heavy.
Here we have used the same approach as the previous example except deviated a bit more from the original surface. What we did here was pretty simple due to the simplicity of the original surface:
- Make a copy of the original body and enlarge it in a normal direction (larger diameter on the cylinder and a bit thicker flat area).
- On the larger body, increase the fillet radius on the sides of the cylinder. This will make the wire/tube float a bit in the air where it's somewhat natural.
- Project to surface and sweep just like before.
Combine what we've talked about up until now with 3D sketching, and you'll have a powerful set of wire/tube making skills. For this to work you need to check the Allow 3D sketching of lines and splines box in the Design preferences. Now you can for instance create a spline on a sketch and manually drag the spline fit points away from the sketch plane, creating a three dimensional spline.
In the render at the very top of this blog post we've used a combination of all these methods and principles. We've combined splines projected to surfaces and 3D splines. Combining these in a smooth way can be a bit tricky sometimes, but give it try! Learning by doing doesn't get old.


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No one will argue that basketball is the most predictable sport among a series of Sportbooks. It is the easiest sport to predict because the difference in skill level between two teams of players and almost the same team won the match in different years. Further, there are only two possible results of basketball match (win/lose) which is 50% winning chance. The result of basketball is influenced by a team's strength over opponents, individual player coaches and schedule of games.
The constant scoring of basketball match helps us to predict the result of a game. So, it is quite easy for a better team to get a high score but less performed team get its score based on luck. Compare to football, basketball matches are tend to have higher scores due to the point system and the scores will change much faster and better performed team can win in a match in a few seconds. Another factor affecting its predictability is only 5 players on the court, which means the score is heavily rely on the player(s).
On the other hand, when you want to predict the result, check the schedule first. As we know, there are a lot of matches in basketball in Sportbooks, the team players are tired and perform poorly if they have many matches in a peak session. Hence, you can pick a team which could prepare fully to bet. Besides, check who is playing at home as the home teams tend to perform better in most of the times.
All in all, it is possible for gamers to predict the result of basketball games in Sportbooks. But it does not mean it is possible to make money on that. And you have to clarify one thing that is no one perfect model which is best suit for any matches.


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Redeploy Windows virtual machine to new Azure node
If you have been facing difficulties troubleshooting Remote Desktop (RDP) connection or application access to Windows-based Azure virtual machine (VM), redeploying the VM may help. When you redeploy a VM, Azure will shut down the VM, move the VM to a new node within the Azure infrastructure, and then power it back on, retaining all your configuration options and associated resources. This article shows you how to redeploy a VM using Azure PowerShell or the Azure portal.
If the VM is stuck in a failed state, try reapplying your VM's state before redeploying.
After you redeploy a VM, all the data that you saved on the temporary disk and Ephemeral disk is lost. The dynamic IP addresses associated with virtual network interface are updated.
Use the Azure CLI
Redeploy your VM with az vm redeploy. The following example redeploys the VM named myVM in the resource group named myResourceGroup:
az vm redeploy --resource-group myResourceGroup --name myVM
Using Azure PowerShell
Make sure you have the latest Azure PowerShell 1.x installed on your machine. For more information, see How to install and configure Azure PowerShell.
The following example deploys the VM named
myVM in the resource group named
Set-AzVM -Redeploy -ResourceGroupName "myResourceGroup" -Name "myVM"
Use the Azure portal
Select the VM you wish to redeploy, then select the Redeploy button in the Settings blade. You may need to scroll down to see the Support and Troubleshooting section that contains the 'Redeploy' button as in the following example:
To confirm the operation, select the Redeploy button:
The Status of the VM changes to Updating as the VM prepares to redeploy, as shown in the following example:
The Status then changes to Starting as the VM boots up on a new Azure host, as shown in the following example:
After the VM finishes the boot process, the Status then returns to Running, indicating the VM has been successfully redeployed:
If you are having issues connecting to your VM, you can find specific help on troubleshooting RDP connections or detailed RDP troubleshooting steps. If you cannot access an application running on your VM, you can also read application troubleshooting issues.
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Dalhousie University's Collaborative Health Education Building (CHEB) is designed to support a truly interdisciplinary approach to health education, where students of medicine, pharmacy, nursing and related professions will "learn with, from and about one another" and how to work together in collaborative healthcare teams. Facilitating this peer-to-peer learning process are interior spaces that encourage and support social interaction and informal collaboration, including a health science learning commons, clinical simulation laboratories and active learning classrooms with movable seating for impromptu group and individual study. A sheltered roof deck and outdoor terraces provide appealing social areas in good weather. Future-proof flexible planning allows rapid and cost-effective reconfiguration to accommodate changing pedagogical requirements.
CHEB houses the Centre for Collaborative Clinical Learning and Research. This program supports development of critical diagnostic and patient care skills through simulation-based learning and assessment methods. Purpose built for interprofessional learning, the building includes:
- A simulation centre for specialized clinical skills training in the health science professions.
- Simulated patient care labs, clinic rooms and seminar rooms.
- Specifically designed homecare, rehabilitation and hospital settings to enable realistic, simulation-based learning.
Moriyama & Teshima Architects in association with Barrie and Langille Architects
Target LEED Gold


Polychrome cylinder vessel with procession of animals walking on hind legs, including monkey, jaguar, and coatmundi.
Cylinder Vessel
Maya culture, Petén region, Guatemala, Pre-Columbian
700 - 800
A procession of three animals moves across this colorful vase: a monkey, a jaguar, and a coatmundi (similar to a raccoon). Certain characteristics identify them as supernatural creatures rather than actual animals, including the red scarf knotted around each animal's neck, patterns on the jaguar's front and rear paws and its blood-shot eyes, and the monkey's long ear. The Maya buried cylinder vessels in tombs, served food and drink in them, and used them during rituals.


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The family name at the time was Wesley, not Wellesley. Arthur's eldest brother (there were two elder — Richard, William (later Wellesley-Pole) and and an elder sister, Anne, followed by Henry and Gerald Valerian. The grand father was Richard Colley (or Cowley or Cooley — which would be most applicable in eighteenth-century Ireland? Despite this the family preferred the Anglicized version Colley). The name Wellesley was adopted by Richard (Arthur's eldest brother) when in search of Marquessate. Afetr service as Governor General of India, he became Marquis Wellesley ignoring the Mornington, because he thought it reflected a genealogy back to Norman, which the Cooleys didn't have.
James, L. The Iron Duke: a military biography of Wellington. London, 1992.
Longford, E. The Years of the Sword. London, 1969.
The late Lady Longford (who married Frank, later Lord, Longford and had access to family archives and those of HM the Queen and the Dutch royal family - Kitty Wellington, wife of 1st Duke, m 1807, was a daughter of Lord Longford) can be regarded as the definitive author on the subject.
Longford, E. Wellington: Pillar of State. London, 1972.
Last modified 19 March 2008


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The Difference Between Overprocessing and Overproduction
According to the theory and practice of lean manufacturing, overprocessing and overproduction are two of the mudas, or wasteful activities, that companies should avoid to stay competitive. The theory was developed at Toyota, as part of the automaker's streamlined production system. "Muda" is a Japanese word meaning inefficiency, wastefulness, or futility. In lean manufacturing, it specifically refers to process waste, or waste that occurs during the processing of a product. Seven mudas were originally identified and are ordered according the acronym TIM WOOD.
The seven mudas are Transport, Inventory, Movement, Waiting and delays, Overprocessing, Overproduction, and Defects. These activities are considered wasteful because they don't add customer value to the product, even though some activities are necessary for successful production and marketing. Overprocessing and overproduction, the two O's of TIM WOOD, are related, but distinct categories.
A product is overprocessed when it is manufactured to exceed the customer's expectations or specifications. For example, a dining table is overprocessed when it is given four coats of varnish, even though the customer would be satisfied with three coats. Adding extra details that don't increase customer value is another type of overprocessing. In the dining table example, adding gold leaf trim to table edge would be overprocessing. The customer did not want or specify the gold leaf and may even reject the table because of it. In this case, overprocessing results in a waste of time, materials and labor, and a product that must be stored until a buyer who wants a gold-edged table comes along. This leads to overproduction as well as overprocessing.
Overproduction means making more of a product than can be sold, as when the company exceeds customer orders or continues making a product even after sales decline. The reasons for overproducing may at first seem to make intuitive good sense, such as when a company overproduces, as a margin against spoilage or defects. Investments in a specific production line also make it psychologically difficult to shut off the line, even though the product becomes overproduced. However, these reasons are examples of other mudas, such as hedging against defects. It would be more efficient and more in line with the lean manufacturing philosophy to eliminate the defects so that the "hedge" of overproduction is no longer needed.
Overproduction is considered the most serious of the seven mudas, because it results from and encompasses all the others. The waste incurred by overproduction includes lost time, labor, materials and transport costs, and is compounded by the need to store and to inventory excess product as it waits for a buyer. Sometimes, the excess is never purchased and must be discarded or destroyed. These wastes also create environmental costs at every step of the process. That is why the goal of lean manufacturing is to only produce the right number or quantity of products at the right time, when they are actually needed by the customers who will purchase them.


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More than one-third of the state of Colorado is preserved within national forests, national parks, and open spaces regulated by state and local governments for everyone to enjoy. Once known as the "Lilac City," Fort Collins also has a beautiful and rich horticultural history that still thrives today with its many public gardens, each with a diverse purpose and focus.
Everyone deserves the chance to marvel at these beautiful gardens that help make our city so unique.
Fort Collins in Bloom is a self-guided tour of Fort Collins' many public gardens and wildflower hot spots. So, get out, and explore all the beautiful flowers in and around the city.
The CSU Flower Trial Gardens is where you'll get a glimpse of hundreds of different flower species and vibrant colors in front of the historic University Center for the Arts. These research and display gardens include more than 1,200 varieties of flowers developed by seed and vegetative companies around the world and entered for evaluation under Colorado's extreme climatic conditions-searing heat, high light, low humidity, and occasionally stormy weather.
The garden is open daily to the public and is free of charge during daylight hours. The sun containers are wheelchair accessible with concrete sidewalks and the rest of the garden has wide pathways with wood chip mulch or turf along the edges of the beds.Address: 1400 Remington St. Fort Collins, Colorado 8052
The Gardens on Spring Creek is Fort Collins' community botanic garden and it is situated on an 18-acre site along the Spring Creek corridor. The Gardens welcome visitors with inspiring displays of plants suited to the Front Range growing conditions and a visitors center with a gift shop and greenhouse. The Gardens on Spring Creek hosts community events throughout the year and present adult and youth educational programs. Additionally, The Gardens offer indoor and outdoor rental space for private events as well.
Address: 2145 Centre Ave., Fort Collins, Colorado 80526
Wild Flower Watch
Horsetooth Falls is a short, beautiful wildflower hike that resides in the stunning Horsetooth Mountain Open Space, just west of Fort Collins and provides some of the best hiking in Fort Collins. This trail takes you through sprawling meadows that are filled with wildflowers during the spring months. After passing through the meadows and taking in all the beautiful wildflowers, you will eventually ease down into a canyon that leads you to Horsetooth Falls. This trail is one of the most family-friendly hikes you will find in and around Fort Collins. The hike is a little less than 2.5 miles roundtrip and is rated as easy to moderate skill level. We suggest packing a lunch and having a picnic when you get to the waterfall, and go ahead and dip your feet in the water as well.Address: 6550 W County Rd 38 E
One of Fort Collins' 48 Natural Areas, Cathy Fromme Prairie is a paradise for wildflower viewing. Cathy Fromme offers views of beautiful vistas, Colorado prairie, as wells as views of the nearby foothills and effervescent wildflowers trickled throughout the land around you. After taking in views of the wildflowers, keep yourself alert because you might also catch a glimpse of a bald eagle or hawk.Address: 2001 Overlook Dr.
This 1.5-mile trail offers a self-guided nature tour through the grasslands, mountain shrubs, and timber life zones. Learn about the wildflowers, steep rock walls, and wetland vegetation that line Well Gulch Trail with stations along the way. This trail is perfect for those wishing to learn more about botany, geology, and animal life in Lory State Park while being immersed in nature.Address: 708 N Co Rd 25G
The nearly 2-mile Arthur's Rock Trail curves back and forth through open meadows and natural forest and features over a dozen varieties of wildflowers. The spectacular view at the summit, which is 6,780-feet is quite the payoff after enjoying all of the beautiful wildflowers. There is a fantastic natural stairway leading you to the top of the rock at the end of the trail which provides a perfect setting for a picnic if you pack a lunch. Arthur's Rock trail is rated as moderate to difficult, but don't be scared if you are a beginner, just remember to take your time and bring plenty of water and sunscreen. There is a $7 daily park entrance fee and dogs are allowed and must be under control on a leash.Address: 708 N Co Rd 25G
City Park represents a wide variety of tree species. Due to its great beauty and diversity, City Park was named Fort Collins' official arboretum. There are more than 1,000 trees in the 76-acre park representing 223 different species and varieties, of which 31 are native to Colorado. Four trees are designated as state champions for being the largest recorded representative in the state of that species. Feel free to take a self-guided tree tour that can be found here.


text: At present appropriate utilization of water resources is vital. Development and establishment of communities along rivers have made the safety against floods very significant. Therefore, dam operation management becomes vital and maneuvering of gates is the most important issue in this regard. Spillway gate operation policies to reduce flood losses and preservation of storage and safety of the dam are studied in this paper. In this regard, multi-stage operation methods are studied and analyzed. The fuzzy logic principles are used to optimize gate operation and overcome weak points of multistage operation method. Karun III dam is considered as a case study and the five stage flood routing policy followed by the fuzzy logic based operation of spillway gates of the reservoir during floods has been applied. The fuzzy logic results in smooth routed hydrographs rather than stepped ones. Eventually, verification of the proposed method has been done by a comparison with the results obtained by using the genetic algorithm to optimize gate operation assuming known inflow hydrographs. Results indicate that the proposed method is quite satisfactory.


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In the process of production, the pump valve casting can effectively extend the service life of the mold and improve its production efficiency under the condition that the mold cooling water is used correctly. The material of the pump valve casting mold is generally dedicated to the mold steel through each Kinds of processing made.
The use of mold cooling water in the pump valve castings can greatly reduce the use of mold release agents so that the operators do not use mold release agents to lower the mold temperature. The advantages thereof are that the life of the die is effectively prolonged, the die-casting cycle is saved, the product quality is improved, the occurrence of sticking, scratching, and sticking of aluminum is reduced, and the use of the release agent is reduced. It also reduces the loss of the jack and core due to overheating of the mold temperature.
The mold of the pump valve casting must be preheated during the process of production. This can prevent the occurrence of cracks in the cold mold due to sudden exposure to hot molten metal. The molds can be used with torches, liquefied gases, mold temperature machines in good condition, and relatively simple molds can be preheated with slow shots.
Valve valve casting operating advantages
1. The opening and closing is convenient, rapid, labor saving, and the fluid resistance is small, and it can be operated frequently.
2. Simple structure, small size and light weight.
3. Under low pressure, a good seal can be achieved.
4. The adjustment performance is good.
When the pump valve casting is in the counter-current state, the seal between the valve plate and the valve seat mainly depends on the torque of the drive device to press the valve plate against the valve seat. With the increase of the reverse medium pressure, the unit positive pressure between the valve plate and the valve seat is less than the medium pressure, the deformation of the spring of the adjustment ring after being loaded can compensate the tight pressure of the valve plate and the valve seat sealing surface. Plays automatic compensation.
The pump valve casting will effectively install the soft and hard multi-layer sealing ring on the valve plate, but it is directly installed on the valve body. It is an ideal two-way hard sealing method to add an adjustment ring between the pressure plate and the valve seat. It will replace gate valves, globe valves, and ball valves. Valves of this type should generally be installed horizontally in pipes.http://www.dmgcastings.com/


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Free Banking and Monetary Calculation
Posted By Steve Horwitz On June 16, 2012 @ 3:39 pm In Uncategorized | 14 Comments
In my Freeman column this week, I discussed the importance of monetary calculation in enabling entrepreneurs to know both what to produce and how to produce it. The ability to make use of money prices to formulate a forward-looking budget and to calculate backward-looking profits/losses is crucial to entrepreneurial planning and the learning process of the market. In that piece I didn't have the space to make an additional point that I'd like to note here.
For monetary calculation to be maximally effective, the monetary system matters. Specifically, the more sound that money is, the more reliable is monetary calculation. This is a point that Mises made in this 1920 article about economic calculation in the socialist commonwealth and one I developed in a HOPE paper in 1998. In an economy subject to periodic inflation and deflation, the reliability of money prices is reduced, and what we might call the "epistemic burden" on entrepreneurs is increased as they have to sort out whether a given price change is due to real or nominal factors. Where money is sound, price movements carry a less ambiguous message. They still require interpretation, but with one less major complicating factor than under inflation or deflation.
Given that different monetary regimes will be more or less likely to avoid inflation and deflation, the monetary system matters for the effectiveness of monetary calculation. If free banking is better than the alternatives at avoiding monetary disequilibria, then it is also better at creating a sound environment for monetary calculation. And, if so, it will be better at promoting economic growth.
Many of these ideas are at the core of my Microfoundations and Macroeconomics: An Austrian Perspective, which if you haven't read, you should!
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Look, we know that with Kinect you'll be able to play games by moving around, and there is even a face controlled game coming for the Nintendo DSi, but there is something charming about this hack-job from the clever so-and-sos at Waterloo Labs, who have developed an eye-control system for the greatest 8-bit console of all time - the NES (sorry Sega Master System fans, but you know it's true).
The system works by placing a number of electrodes around the eyes, which measure positive and negative changes due to the retina's larger population of neurons. Or something like that.
Science never was Pocket-lint's strong point - we bunked off most of the time to play Super Mario Bros (with a control pad, sadly). You'll have to pay attention to the lady-scientist in the video if you want the proper explanation.
The system moves Mario left or right depending on eye-movement with a blink, or a look to the skies, to jump.
Pocket-lint may not know its science but it does no a thing or two about Super Mario Bros. And we know that we wouldn't lose two lives on level 1-1, even using just our eyes. And we certainly wouldn't miss the hidden extra life mushroom that the chap runs by at 2.02 in the video.
Basic error that one, and if these chaps would have bunked off of science lessons like us, then they would have known that.
Pocket-lint 1, Science boffins 0.


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It might seem rather peculiar that one of the kings of design, Yves Henri Donat Mathieu Saint Laurent spent most of his childhood growing up in Algeria. It only shows us that it does not matter where you were born or where you spent your childhood years, you can discover fashion anywhere in the world, and that is what Yves Saint Laurent did. At the delicate age of seventeen, the designer moved to Paris and had a brief stint in fashion school and afterwards was unexpectedly introduced to Christian Dior where he went to work until 1962.
Soon after his career at Dior came to an end, he decided it was time to set up his own fashion house with his then companion, Pierre Berge. Yves Saint Laurent went on to become one of the most influential designers of the late 20th century. He introduced us to le smoking, which was his legendary smoking suit, the reefer jacket, the sheer blouse, and the jumpsuit. These staple pieces are just as important to a woman's wardrobe today as they were when they were first introduced to women in the sixties.
It is undoubtedly apparent that this fall, the design world has demonstrated their concentrated approach to the classics, and the approach for Yves Saint Laurent is no different. Just as Prada and Ralph Lauren showed their adoration for the simple pieces like A-line dresses, streamlined pencil skirts, and essential white button down shirts, Yves Saint Laurent put their own interpretation on the classics by adding their chic panache to the timeless looks. As I blissfully explored the Fall 2010 collection, I began to see that Yves Saint Laurent put the final stamp of approval on the fashion world's regressive love of the classic look.
While acutely studying the usual slender and fair skinned models gathered on the catwalk, I could not help but be drawn to the collection of assorted shapes and silhouettes. Most of these shapes were covered in inky blacks or this season's celebrated jewel tones like vivid purple amethysts, deep blue sapphires, and rich jaded emeralds. My mind was eloquently engaged with two-piece suits, three-piece suits, modest sheath dresses below the knee, sheer blouses and even the infamous black jumpsuit. While an ebony-colored trapeze dress might seem ordinary to me or you, Yves Saint Laurent layered the same color black cape overtop for curiosity and then placed a silk floppy hat on the head that drooped almost below the jaw line covering most of the model's face. The pop of a pair of beaming cobalt suede stilettos added finality to the ensemble.
Antagonistic style of Masculinity
While Yves Saint Laurent's selection of womanly A-line frocks would make me think this entire collection teetered on the effeminate side, the designer would then present the antagonistic style of masculinity found in a jet-black three-piece suit complete with black patent leather gloves and a chunky gold chain necklace that carried a silhouette of a chic and dapper woman. An embellished white button down tucked into the simple black pencil skirt was out of the ordinary but garnishing the head with a nun-like covering called a wimple catapulted the look into uncommon fashion territory. Black capes seemed to be quite characteristic in this fall's show, but periodically you would catch an unexpected appearance of a blooming fuchsia pink cape, elongated hot pink silk gloves, and even a pair of sixties era spectacles finished with brilliant emerald green lenses.
Almost every model had a fresh clean porcelain face
If the models' hair was not masked under an extensive headpiece, then it was lackadaisically pulled straight back and bundled up into a messy knot as if it did not matter how it looked from behind. Almost every model had a fresh clean porcelain face with lightly painted copper eye shadow to contrast with the eyes and a delicate pink stain to slightly enhance the lips.
Timeless classics were yet again the primary focus of Yves Saint Laurent Fall 2010 collection, which was true for most autumn collections this year. I believe this makes every woman including myself feel a little closer to the runway apparel we usually stand back and admire thinking about how we might never be able to wear these looks in a typical setting. Now we can all participate in the celebration of the classics, bright suede shoes, sophisticated black suits, and pencil skirts but we might just leave the wimple wearing to the ladies on the runway.


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Knowing the hill forest on the west slopes of Gunung Palung from my thesis research at the Cabang Panti Research Station many years ago, I have been looking forward to seeking differences in tree composition in this valley. Most of the valley's forest occurs on ridges and slopes of granite-derived sandy soils (see this paper by Chuck Cannon & Mark Leighton). However, around our camp there is also some lovely, flat alluvial forest, at an elevation of 230 meters. An area of very hard rock (a basalt dike?) underlies the valley a half kilometer downstream from our campsite, creating a high waterfall called Riam Parit. This block seems to have 'dammed' the erosional deposits in the valley above, creating a surprisingly large area of flat, fertile alluvium.
Low-elevation alluvial forests near the big rivers of Borneo are the most diverse on the island and contain the biggest trees, and are also the first to be converted to agriculture. It will be interesting to see if this slightly higher elevation alluvial forest, isolated from the true alluvial forests, contains any of the tree species typical of these forests. My first impression, as we set up our first 50 square meter inventory plot on Friday, is that most of the species on this alluvium are typical of granite hill forest, but are those requiring higher nutrient sites. However, some species (e.g., Dipterocarpus tempehes) are seldom found in hill forest and must be small, relatively isolated populations. As soon as we have marked out the six survey plots (three in alluvium and three on the drier hills), we'll begin assessing the species composition to provide a better idea of what is growing here. Stay tuned.


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Risk of Caesarean Section is Heritable
Natural selection cannot reduce the rates of obstructed labor
Tuesday, October 17, 2017
Women born by Caesarean section because of obstructed labor (fetopelvic disproportion, or FPD) are more than twice as likely to develop the condition when giving birth than are women born naturally.
This is the conclusion of a study in PNAS by an international team of scientists, including Mihaela Pavlicev, PhD, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Human Genetics), and evolutionary biologists at the University of Vienna.
Using a mathematical model, the team explained the paradoxical phenomenon that natural selection did not lead to a reduction in the rates of obstructed labor. Empirical data also show that regular use of C-sections has already triggered an evolutionary increase of FPD rates.
"Rates of Caesarean section have multiplied for decades and it is one of the most frequently performed surgical treatments worldwide," Pavlicev says. "Even if many C-sections are not strictly medically indicated, human childbirth is complicated and risky compared to many other primates."
The question, according to the researchers, is why evolution by natural selection has not led to a wider birth canal, which would reduce the high rates of obstructed labor.
Recently, the same research team (including lead investigator Philipp Mitteroecker, University of Vienna) showed that high rates of obstructed labor are a direct consequence of the distinct characteristics of obstetric selection in humans. They used the so-called "cliff edge model" to show mathematically that natural selection cannot reduce rates of obstructed labor.
In fact, only weak selection for a large neonate, a narrow pelvic canal, or both is sufficient to account for the considerable incidence of FPD, in which the fetus is too large to pass the maternal birth canal. Based on this model, they also predicted that the regular use of life-saving Caesarean sections throughout the last decades has already triggered an evolutionary increase of fetopelvic disproportion rates by 10 to 20 percent (which equals roughly half a percentage point of the initial incidence).
In the recent study, the scientists use the cliff edge model to predict that women born by Caesarean because of FPD are 2.8 times more likely to develop FPD in their own childbirth compared with women born vaginally. This model-based prediction corresponds with estimates of increased risk for FPD, based on epidemiologic analysis of incidence, distribution and other factors related to the condition, according to researchers.


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The Legend of Kevin
Max is a young boy living in an ordinary tower block. He longs for adventure in his life - then one day - DOOF! - a flying pony called Kevin crashes into his flat, blown in by a magical storm!
The storm causes a huge flood and soon Max's town submerged by water. Luckily for the town, Max has a flying pony to come to the rescue, and luckily for Kevin, he has a new best friend and a constant supply of his favourite thing - biscuits.
download PDF Browse a gallery of Kevin drawings people drew on Sarah's birthday!
Where did Reeve & McIntyre get this idea?
Here's a painting Philip made of a roly-poly flying pony on a piece of driftwood from the beach in Brighton, way back in 1988! Sarah spotted it hanging on his kitchen wall and thought it would be a fun character to draw. Eventually Philip and Sarah came up with a story they posted on their blogs, called The Dartmoor Pegasus, and which later featured in The Telegraph newspaper. (You can read it in their Pug-a-Doodle-Do! activity book!) For their first Kevin book, they brainstormed ideas together, and Sarah remembered a book she'd loved from her school library, about a town that's flooded. Tapping into the world they'd created in earlier books (with sea monkeys and mermaids!), Sarah and Philip came up with this new story idea, and both of them worked together on the pencil versions of the illustrations. Philip wrote the final words and Sarah drew the final pictures, but as Reeve & McIntyre, they are very much co-authors in creating this story.


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Disk encryption is part of the University's security initiatives to protect institutional data and is designed to encrypt all the contents of a hard drive such as data files, applications settings, executables, applications and the operating system.
You will need to follow these quick instructions when disk encryption is remotely activated on your computer by Information Technology:
- A Sophos Device Encryption dialog box is displayed. Follow the on-screen instructions to define a PIN and then restart your computer (NB: although you can close this dialog box, it will re-appear the next time you restart your computer):
- The PIN must be between 8 and 20 characters.
- The PIN can include upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
- Do not use any special characters or accented characters in your PIN as you may have difficulty entering these when starting your computer.
- The PIN should not be the same as the password used to login to your computer.
NOTE: Once you have set a PIN, it will be required every time you restart your computer.
- The software will begin to encrypt your entire disk the first time you restart your computer after choosing your PIN. You may continue to use your computer as you normally would while your disk in being encrypted.
If you forget your PIN
To prevent being locked out of your computer, Information Technology recommends that you contact the Service Desk if you've entered your PIN 5 times unsuccessfully.
If you cannot remember your PIN, you will not be able to access your computer. Please contact the Service Desk at _PHONE_ extension 6555.