Heavy rain and hailstorms hit parts of the UAE
Warning issued as water floods wadis in eastern areas of the country
A screengrab from Thursday afternoon shows a band of rain sweeping across the UAE from the East. Courtesy Windy.com
Thundershowers accompanied by hailstorms lashed the northern and eastern regions of the UAE on Thursday evening flooding stretches of roads and filling up wadis.
The National Centre of Meteorology issued an alert cautioning people to be aware of bad weather conditions through the evening.
The rain caused flooding on motorways leading to towns including Hatta and Khorfakkan and created mini waterfalls on nearby rocky hills. Residents posted videos of themselves scooping pebble-sized hailstones from the side of the road, on social media.
The bureau shared videos of water gushing through the wadis near Masafi, Khorfakkan and Ras Al Khaimah, warning that heavy rains were expected to continue.
Hail and heavy rain was even reported in Al Ain and downpours are expected to continue throughout the weekend.
Authorities routinely caution residents against driving to valleys to watch the rain, for fear they get swept away by flash flooding.
The winds of up to 40kph whipped up dust and reduced visibility in coastal and hilly areas of the country.
This week, a sudden storm caused flooding across Dubai. Drivers were forced to contend with low visibility and hazardous road conditions as pools of water formed on highways throughout the emirate.
How does hail form in the summer?
It may seem like an unlikely pairing, but hail can be common to countries that fall between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn during the summer.
This is because surface temperatures are warm enough to promote the instability associated with strong thunderstorms but the upper atmosphere is still cold enough to support ice.
Hail forms when strong currents of rising air, known as updrafts, carry water droplets high enough that they freeze.
A particularly strong updraft can allow the hailstones to grow large enough that they do not melt by the time they fall back and reach the ground.
Once they grow large enough to begin falling, the can drop as fast as 140kph, causing some damage when they land.
Published: October 10, 2019 05:52 PM
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text:
TeachMeFinance.com - explain intelligence-related activities
intelligence-related activities 'intelligence-related activities' is an military term meaning '(DOD) Those activities outside the consolidated defense intelligence program that: respond to operational commanders' tasking for time-sensitive information on foreign entities; respond to national intelligence community tasking of systems whose primary mission is support to operating forces; train personnel for intelligence duties; provide an intelligence reserve; or are devoted to research and development of intelligence or related capabilities. (Specifically excluded are programs that are so closely integrated with a weapon system that their primary function is to provide immediate-use targeting data.)'.
About the author

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Mahesh Thapa, M.D.Associate Professor
After completing his fellowship in Pediatric Radiology at Seattle Children's Hospital, Dr. Thapa accepted the position of Acting Assistant Professor at the same institution. In addition to his clinical duties, Dr. Thapa helped organize the monthly resident and fellow teaching conferences at Children's Hospital. Dr. Thapa began collaborating with the Pediatric Rheumatologists and established a monthly interdepartmental conference to discuss interesting rheumatologic conditions with radiologic and clinical correlation. This was also the inaugural year of the medical student anatomy course with imaging correlation (HuBio 511), which Dr. Thapa helped establish and has actively participated in ever since. In July of 2007 Dr. Thapa became an Assistant Professor and continued his work in medical student/resident/fellow education. Dr. Thapa began collaborating with other departments and obtained additional training in musculoskeletal imaging at Roosevelt Medical Center. In addition to the human anatomy course, Dr. Thapa began educating 4th year medical students by participating in the University of Washington's Capstone Course (Transition into Residency) and Rheumatology workshops. This was also the first year Dr. Thapa was invited to lecture about pediatric musculoskeletal and informatics topics at several national radiology education meetings, including the American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS). In the spring of 2009, Dr. Thapa became the Fellowship Program Director of Pediatric Radiology at Seattle Children's. This has been one of the most rewarding aspects of his career. The new position has given Dr. Thapa more opportunities to work with, mentor and educate fellows and residents. Dr. Thapa's main areas of expertise include Medical Education, Informatics, and Pediatric Musculoskeletal Imaging.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A student (m = 63 kg) falls freely from rest and strikes the ground.
During the collision with the ground, he comes to rest in a time of 0.0200 s.
The average force exerted on him by the ground is +18500. N, where the upward direction is taken to be the positive direction.
From what height did the student fall? Assume that the only force acting on him during the collision is that due to the ground.
is this a problem solved using a kinematic equation?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Last Updated 13 Apr 2020
Does Kenya Get the Full Benefit From its Tourist Industry?
Category Industries
Essay type Research
Words 2364 (9 pages)
Views 591
My coursework task is to write a report about Kenya to show that I have studied Kenya and its tourist industry and can make a judgement about how much Kenya benefits from the tourists that visit the country.
Kenya is an equatorial country located on the east side of the continent of Africa bordering Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania and the Indian Ocean. Kenya is also bordered by Lake Victoria in the west. Kenya lies between 5ï¿½N and 5ï¿½S and covers an area of 582,646Kmï¿½. Kenya has an extremely diverse relief with a low coastal plain pning 536km, inland plateaux regions and multiple mountain ranges and isolated peaks.
Tourism has become the most important part of Kenya's economy accounting for 38% of industry in the developing country. Kenya's main tourist attractions are the many game parks across the country, including the popular Massai Mara reserve and the more exclusive Tsavo National Park. Kenya also offers Golden beaches and 5-star hotels along its 536km of coastline.
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The map below shows the location of Kenya within Africa, Important tourist destinations, Major Game reserves and relief.
Map of Kenya and the Surrounding Countries
Kenya lies on the equator but the annual rainfall is unusually low and varies from year to year. This is due to the seasonal winds blowing the intertropical cloud and rain relatively quickly across Kenya in April and October and the Monsoons taking a track parallel to the coast and passing over large areas of land before reaching Kenya.
You would expect the temperature in Kenya to be constantly high as it is an equatorial and so the sunlight hits the earth vertically and with more concentration than at latitudes away from the equator all year round, but the average temperatures in Kenya are relatively low compared to other equatorial African countries due to the variation in altitude. Only the low lying coastal areas of Kenya experience constant high temperature associated with equatorial locations.
There are two rainy seasons; March - May and November - December and two dry seasons in between. The country's climate can be divided into four regions:
Coastal region
The temperature and humidity stay relatively high all year round but the offshore wind and the long days make the area bearable. It receives some rain all year round mostly in the small hours of the morning.
The Northern Frontier and Lower Inland Plateau
This section of the country experiences a low annual rainfall considering its equatorial location (usually below 500mm). The temperatures are high throughout the year and the humidity low.
The Kenya Highlands
This region to the west of the country is the most agriculturally productive land in the country. As Kenya is a developing country with a huge slice of its industry being primary the region is also the most densely populated.
Kenya's Double rainy season does feature in the region but rainfall is moderate and exceeds 1250mm only on the highest parts of the area. The region experiences its lowest temperatures from June to September, the nights being described as "chilly".
The Higher Mountain Regions
These areas are above 2500m and are small. Temperatures fall low enough for frost to form and some snow to fall. Mt Kenya has a permanent snow cap.
Kenya receives two rainy seasons because of the tilt of the earth when orbiting the sun. The following diagram illustrates this:
The tropic of Capricorn is closest to the sun. It becomes warmed by the sun. During the day more water evaporates causing clouds to form bringing rain.
231/2ï¿½South Tropic of Capricorn
The earth spins on its axis, the angle at which it faces the sun changes gradually tilting towards the equator this then warms the equator
0ï¿½ Equator - Kenya
This tilt increases until it reaches 231/2 N where the tropic of cancer is warmed.
231/2ï¿½North Tropic of Cancer
The whole process is reversed tilting back to the tropic of Capricorn via the equator. The full tilt and reverse tilt of the earth's axis takes a year. This is why Kenya has two rainy seasons due to the position of the overhead sun.
* Sunlight
The two Climate graphs above show the climate of Mombassa, Kenya and London, England for comparison. The Graph of Mombassa shows the two rainy seasons. The graphs also indicate a main reason why tourists visit Kenya. The lowest temperature Mombassa endures is 24ï¿½C, higher than the highest temperature London endures. The Hottest times of the year in Mombassa coincide with the coldest time of the year in London. This is one of the major reasons tourists visit Kenya.
Because the country has two rainy seasons it also has two grazing seasons. The Savannah ecosystem means that more species can live in harmony together. Darwin's "survival of the fittest" theory states that when two species are in direct competition the best evolved will survive, the reason the Savannah can support so many animals is that all the animals have a "niche" and so are not all in direct competition. Some species are Grazers, some are browsers etc. This is called Grazing succession; the grazing succession ensures that every opportunity to use the supply of food is taken. It is a similar pattern for Carnivores; Lions make a kill but leave plenty of food for spotted Hyenas and again for the vultures. Each specie waits in turn to be fed.
The following diagram is an example of Grazing succession:
The Savannah is famed for the diversity of species of large animals that live there. There are near forty different types of herbivores, plus the carnivores, this is a simple food web of part of the savannah ecosystem: The Savannah and the balance of the ecosystem is important to Kenya's Tourist Industry as it provides the main incentive for tourists to holiday there. It is important that the Industry does all it can to preserve the delicate balance.
The following table is a selection of the people who are involved with Kenya's tourist industry. It helps sum up their views and why they hold that view. It also helps me conclude which direction the people involved in Kenya's tourist industry wish it to go.
Group(s) of people they represent
What view they hold about tourism In Kenya
Why they hold their view
A European Tourist
Tourism is good for Kenya but only when it is controlled
It is their lifelong dream to go on safari and think that it's excellent to see all the animals in their natural habitat. But they have reservations about how much the tourists are damaging the animal's natural habitat.
A Kenyan Maasai
Maasai tribe
Against mass tourism
The Maasai people have been ejected from their homeland to make way for the tourists. They are no longer allowed to live in the game park. The tribe is no longer allowed to migrate around the country.
Muslim from Mombassa
The Muslim community of Mombassa
Against tourism
Induces changes to there culture and insults their religious followings. I.e. western women show their bodies. Tourists bring with them alcohol, drugs and sex tourism. Mombassa has therefore found a rise in crime and social unbalance as young black men marry older white women and immigrate to Europe.
Muslim from Lamu
The Muslim community of Lamu
For sustainable tourism
Lamu has restrictions on the way tourists dress and behave. There are no bars in Lamu and there are restrictions on the size and design of hotels. E.g. they have to be white and made of local materials. The Muslim community also work closely with travel agents and a certain amount of the price tourists pay towards there holiday goes back into the community and maintenance of the town.
A Marine Biologist
Against tourism as it is now
Tour guides don't do enough to prevent the destruction of the coral. They let tourists stand on the coral and even drop their anchors (which is illegal but the law is not enforced) because of the bigger tips on offer. This means the coral reef becomes unbalanced and slowly dies and therefore no more tourists will want to go and see the reef. Laws should be enforced to save the reef and any future tourism.
Owner of Glass Bottom Boat
Tour guides
For and against
Gets a major income from taking tourists out in their boat. The marine park is swamped by boats at low tide which means there are lots of pollutants are going into the reef. The boats also collide into the reef and their customers also stand on the reef.
Game Warden
Against tourism as it is
Tour bus drivers in the Maasai Mara reserve go far too close to the animals. There is a rule that they can't go closer than 25m to animal but they disobey this rule for better tips. There are too many tourist busses for him to police. The animals suffer and reproduction rates have dropped rapidly.
Most of the above groups are for tourism in one way or another. It seems that they all would like to have a sustainable tourist industry where the needs of the tourists aren't put above that of the local population and the natural habitat. Sustainable tourism would also prolong the life of the tourist destinations thus providing an income for many generations of Kenyans.
So, Does Kenya get the full benefit from its tourist industry?
Kenya is a developing country. I can see that it is a developing


text:
Purple jellyfish left the Saronic Gulf, the beaches of Athens, Attica and nearby islands from 1 to 10 July 2022. However, now they have shown up in the Cyclades, which has created new problems for tourists and local authorities.
According to the report JellyReport on the presence of jellyfish in Greece, published on Sunday July 10, strong northerly winds caused the movement of the jellyfish population.
Based on the wind forecast for the week of July 11-17, it is highly likely that northern winds will blow the purple jellyfish further south, possibly leaving the Cyclades in the Aegean and Corfu in the Ionian. Greek biodiversity watchdog.
It should be noted that the winds change direction day and night. However, along with winds, currents are another factor. Where the jellyfish move will always depend on the local sea currents in each area.
JellyReport is published every Sunday and contains useful information about jellyfish sightings for the current month, especially the last ten days, upcoming weather conditions for the next week, and other information about jellyfish in general..
For correct information, citizens are invited to upload their records to iNaturalist through Web site or the corresponding application "iNaturalist" available for Android and ios mobile phones.
Citizens are asked when they see jellyfish (no matter what species) to spend 1-2 minutes to upload jellyfish records to iNaturalistso that everyone is informed about the presence of jellyfish.


text:
Two competing noise loops each creating a different 5/4 bar built of an extreme fast running tape with a spoken ...
Noise loop creating a 5/4 bar built of an extreme fast running tape with a spoken phrase. Credits: Markus Bongartz, ...
Sequence of metric modulated fast repeating drum-like sounds accompanied by continuous layers of noise.
Various combined noise loops built of spikes and reverberated noise sample resources.
Rhythmical sequence of spikes produced of a noise sample resource while selecting extreme short grains and amplifying them. Remix of ...
Rhythmical modulation of noise sample that was created of a dark female voice effect. Remix of POW05-E02-Voice.mp3.
Long lasting sequence of filtered non-harmonic tone patterns shaped by an augmented series of chime clock strokes. All sounds are ...
Scraping noises shaped into a bird song-like phrase.
Bird song phrase wrapped by various rhythmical loops.
Overlaid repetitions of noisy sounds enriched by distortion, all developed from a bird's song.
Overlaid repetitions of percussive sounds enriched by noise elements, all developed from a bird's song.
Overlaid repetitions of percussive sounds.
Percussive rhythmical sequence of various noise effects derived from a bird's song.
Combination of sequences of noise elements wrapped with rhythmical elements of a bird song.
Sequence of noise elements wrapped with rhythmical elements of a bird song.


text:
Large Woody Debris Effects on Channel Friction Factorby F. Douglas Shields, Jr., U.S. Dep of Agriculture, Oxford, United States,
Roger H. Smith, U.S. Dep of Agriculture, Oxford, United States,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: Hydraulic Engineering
A simple method for quantifying large woody debris (LWD) density and computing associated friction factors was developed and tested using data from the South Fork Obion River in western Tennessee. Data were collected at a range of stages. The study site included three adjacent straight, sand-bed channel reaches about 1,500-2,000 m long, 20 m wide and 4-5 m deep from top bank to thalweg. Aside from the presence of LWD, the channel was fairly uniform. Emergent bars and riffles were not observed during data collection. Hydrologic variations were dampened due to ponding behind major LWD jams upstream of study reaches. Bed material was sand (approximately 0.3-0.6 mm). LWD formations blocking more than a fifth of the cross section were common, and LWD density varied from reach to reach due to natural factors and due to a selective clearing and snagging project underway concurrent with this study.
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
Return to search


text:
TAIL RHYMETail rhyme (translated from the French rime couée or Latin rhythmus caudatus, also called caudate rhyme): A unit of verse in which a shorter line, followed by a longer line or section of longer lines, rhymes with a preceding short line. It may also use rhyming couplets or triplets, followed by a tail or much shorter line, where the tails rhyme with one another. The number of possible variants following this scheme is too many to list here. Whichever verse pattern you decide on, it must be followed throughout the poem.
Below is the poem entitled ON THE OCEAN WAVES which was written by poet
Richards. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Seagulls bob at rest on the ocean waves.
A tired fisherman the predawn chill braves,
disgorging his catch on quay.
Gutting knives of vendors clicking like claves,
staining blood red and sliming the cask staves.
A twist of the wrist the key.
Barter for *snoek, which in newspaper saves –
a very old trick passed down by the Cape slaves
before in 1834 been set free.
A vanilla dawn sun the wave crests paves:
North-westerly wind mercilessly raves,
on the ocean waves with glee.
*SNOEK - a line fish
Scientific name: Thyrsites atun
Other/Common names: Cape Snoek, Barracouta (in New Zealand and Australia)
8 December 2012
Tail Rhyme has many variations. Please see the About section for details.


.
Another direction is to make a generic matching rule like
Code:
Ability : Ability EFFECTKW COLON OPEN_BRACE Identifiers COMMA Numbers CLOSE_BRACE EOL ;
Identifiers : IDENTIFIER
 | Identifiers COMMA IDENTIFIER
 ;
Numbers : NUMBER
 | Numbers COMMA NUMBER
 ;
an 'effect' has a sequence (one or more) identifiers, and then a sequence of numbers inside curly brackets.
In code, you can then check what you got, and deal with it.
However, there are better solutions. Have a look at this input text:
Code:
sheet { "../sprites/terrain/groundtiles/borderhighlight8bpp64_masked.png", 0, 0, 64, 64, -32, -33, 64, 64 }
Any idea what it means?
You can probably deduce it has to do with sprite sheets, but what about the numbers, which number is the width you think, any idea what '-33' is about?
Now look at
Code:
sheet {
 file: "../sprites/terrain/groundtiles/borderhighlight8bpp64_masked.png";
 x_base: 0; y_base: 0; x_step: 64; y_step: 64;
 x_offset: -32; y_offset: -33; width: 64; height: 64;
}
How does this look?
And what about this one?
Code:
sheet {
 file: "../sprites/terrain/groundtiles/borderhighlight8bpp64_masked.png"
 x_base: 0
 y_base: 0
 x_step: 64
 y_step: 64
 x_offset: -32
 y_offset: -33
 width: 64
 height: 64
}
I hope you agree the list of numbers looks like pure magic. No way to tell what a number means. The second example is much better in that respect. You can see what a number means. There is another important difference. Since a name is attached to a number, this is understandable too:
Code:
sheet {
 file: "../sprites/terrain/groundtiles/borderhighlight8bpp64_masked.png";
 x_base: 0; x_step: 64; x_offset: -32; width: 64;
 y_base: 0; y_step: 64; y_offset: -33; height: 64;
}
ie you can shuffle the fields in any order you like.
The third example is more like your current format, an EOL after each field value. It wouldn't work for me, as the compact form gives me a file of 700 lines already, I'd hate to have even more lines.
As you can see, there is no need to have cryptic numbers in your effect data, unless you want it. You can also use a format where you can write
Code:
effect Damage {
 type: Fire
 amount: 5
 duration: 5 seconds
 splash_radius: 3
 radius_amount: 2
}
If you want the more compact form you probably want to add a "," or ";" between or after the items. Also delete the EOL token in that case, and make \n do nothing, just like space or tab.
Kevinw778 wrote:
*** Also note the second "effect:" This would just allow each new effect: token found to add another effect to the Ability as the appropriate action for finding info with the starting "effect" token? This seems reasonable :S
In the left-recursive rule you already get this. The first effect in the file is added first, and the second effect in the file is added second (you can inspect the $1 object to see what the number of the effect is).
Kevinw778 wrote:
Basically the first token after the OPEN_BRACE would always be the Effect Type, THEN, from there the available valid tokens are dependent on that first token... This would lead to me writing a rule for every possible combination of tokens for each and every type of Effect, huh? For some reason I feel like this MIGHT be worth it? Though I'm not even sure if I'm looking at this the correct way
The beauty of a parser is that you can stop thinking in tokens, and just care about how you organize sequences together :)
_________________
My project: Messing about in FreeRCT, dev blog, and IRC #freerct at oftc.net
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text:
Geo-location and points of interest
Geo-location helps you measure location data by using latitude and longitude and predefined points of interest in your iOS apps.
Each trackLocation call sends the following:
- Latitude, longitude, and location in a point of interest (POI) that is defined in Adobe Mobile services.This information is passed to mobile solution variables for automatic reporting.
- Distance from center and accuracy passed as context data.These variables are not captured automatically. You must map these context data variables by using the instructions in Sending Additional Data section below.
Dynamic POI updates
Starting in version 4.2, POIs are defined in the Adobe Mobile interface and synchronized dynamically to the app configuration file. This synchronization requires an analytics.poi setting in the ADBMobile.json file:
For more information, see ADBMobile JSON Config.
If this is not configured, an updated version of the ADBMobile.json file must be downloaded and added to your app. For more information and instructions, see Download the SDK and Testing Tools in Before you Start.
Track geo-locations and POIs
- Add the library to your project and implement lifecycle.For more information, see Add the SDK and Config File to your Project in Core Implementation and Lifecycle.
- Import the library:
- Call trackLocation to track the current location:
CLLocation *currentLocation = location; [ADBMobile trackLocation: currentLocation data: nil];You can call trackLocation at any time.To determine the location that is passed to the trackLocation call, use Getting the User's Location.
Additionally, if the location is determined to be in a defined POI radius, an a.loc.poi context data variable is sent in with the trackLocation hit and is reported as a POI in Location reports. An a.loc.dist context variable is also sent with the distance in meters from the defined coordinates.
Send additional data
In addition to the location data, you can send additional context data with each track location call:
NSMutableDictionary *contextData = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; [contextData setObject:@"GPS" forKey:@"myapp.location.LocationSource"]; [ADBMobile trackLocation: currentLocation data:contextData];
Context data values must be mapped to custom variables:
Location context data
The latitude and longitude are each sent using three different context data parameters, with each parameter representing a different level of precision, for a total of six context data parameters.
For example, the coordinates lat = 40.93231, lon = -111.93152 represent a location with 1 m precision. This location is split according to the level of precision across the following variables:
- a.loc.lat.a = 040.9
- a.loc.lat.b = 32
- a.loc.lat.c = 31
- a.loc.lon.a = -111.9
- a.loc.lon.b = 31
- a.loc.lon.c = 52
Some precision levels might appear as "00" depending on the accuracy of the current location. For example, if the location is currently accurate to 100m, a.loc.lat.c and a.loc.lon.c will be populated with "00".
Remember the following information:
- A trackLocation request sends in the equivalent of a trackAction call.
- POIs are not passed as part of normal trackAction and trackState calls, so you must use a trackLocation call to track POIs.
- trackLocation should be called as often as necessary to track location and POIs.We recommend calling trackLocation when the app starts and then as needed based on the requirements of the application.
- POIs are populated only after they are defined in the app configuration file.They are not applied to historical trackLocation calls that were sent previously.
- trackLocation calls support sending additional context data similar to trackAction calls.
- When two POIs have overlapping diameters, the first POI that contains the current location is used.If your POIs overlap, you should list POIs in order of most granular to least granular to ensure that the most granular POI is reported.


text:
There was a Tree
This charming book is based on the folk song "The Green Grass Grew All Around", a cumulative song that grows longer and longer with multiple verses. The book starts with a hole in the ground which grows a tree, which has a branch, and so on, with "the green grass grew all around, all around, and the green grass grew all around" ending every verse. Isadora uses rebuses to allow children to help read the story, similar to "The Jacket I Wear in the Snow", by Shirley Neitzel. The beautiful and creative illustrations were created using oil paints, printed paper, and palette paper. At the end of the book is the music for anyone who is not familiar with the song. Highly recommended for preschool through 2nd grade.
Send a Question or Comment to Appleton Public Library.


text:
For boys in the 1st grade.
Tiger Scouts spend their time doing adventures with adult participation. By completing seven adventures, the Tiger Rank is earned.
Tiger Rank Requirements:
1. Complete each of the following Tiger required adventures with your den or family:
A. Backyard Jungle
B. Games Tigers Play
C. My Family's Duty to God
D. Team Tiger
E. Tiger Bites
F. Tigers in the Wild
2. Complete one Tiger elective adventure of your den or family's choosing from this list:
Magical Mysteries, Earning Your Stripes, Family Stories, Floats and Boats, Good Knights, Roling Tigers, Sky is the Limit, Stories in Shapes, Tiger-iffic!, Tiger: Safe and Smart, Tiger Tag, Tiger Tales or Tiger Theater.


text:
(for a short intro of the basic concepts of Mercurial, see UnderstandingMercurial)
Strictly speaking, the term repository refers to the directory named.hg (dot hg) in the repository root directory. The repository root directory is the parent directory of the.hg directory. Mercurial stores its internal data structures – the metadata – inside that.hg directory.
All of the files and directories that coexist with the.hg directory in the repository root are said to live in the working directory.
An easy way to remember the distinction is that the repository contains the history of your project, while the working directory contains a snapshot of your project at a particular point in history.
Local Mercurial repositories are addressed by specifying the path to the repository root (global option -R for commands).
Sometimes Mercurial users and developers also use the term "repository" when referring to the repository root. But strictly speaking, the.hg directory is the "real" repository.
An existing, already populated but yet untracked directory can be transformed into a repository with hg init, which creates and initializes the.hg subdirectory.
2. Tracking files
A file in the working directory that shall be tracked by Mercurial must be added with hg add. Local modifications to tracked files in the working directory can be committed with hg commit, which adds a new changeset to the repository by recording it in the.hg directory.
The working directory can be restored with hg update to any previously committed state by specifying the requested changeset with its changeset ID (see update). Use hg parents to see the currently checked out revision (see parents).
The last commit in a repository can be undone with hg rollback (see rollback).
3. Transferring changesets
4. Checking integrity
Checking the internal integrity of a repository (the contents of.hg) can be done with hg verify.
The.hg directory of a repository contains (incomplete listing):
The manifest — Files.hg/store/00manifest.i and.hg/store/00manifest.d
Describes the file contents of the repository at a particular changeset ID. Stored in revlog format.
The changelog — Files.hg/store/00changelog.i and.hg/store/00changelog.d
- Contains all changesets. Stored in revlog format.
A revlog per tracked file — _URL_.i _URL_.d
 is the path of the tracked file in the working directory, encoded according to CaseFoldingPlan.
The dirstate — _URL_
- Tracks various information about the working directory.
The requires file — _URL_
- Specifies the capabilities needed by a client to access this repository
Note that for small revlogs, the revlog data file (*.d) may be missing, because its content may be interleaved into the corresponding index file (*.i) (see also RevlogNG).
Backing up a repository can be done by using push/pull/clone to a backup repository. A repository which is not actively written to (by other processes concurrently running on the computer) can be backed-up by backing-up the repo directory using normal directory/file backup procedures (like tar, zip, etc). The.hg directory is case folding tolerant, which means, it can for example be copied onto a FAT filesystem (see also BackUp, CaseFoldingPlan).


text:
Material handling crane rope clamp fixing
Wire rope is an important force components on the Material handling crane, should pay attention to safety during operation. When installing, need to use a rope clamp to fix the rope end, should pay attention to the following points:
1. Wire rope clamp need have the factory certificate and quality certificate. Nut and bolt should be coated with lubricating oil;
2. The clamps specifications should be consistent with wire rope, rope clamp prohibit using on material handling crane which specifications do not meet the requirements;
3. Wire rope clamp should ensure tightening, should be flattened rope diameter of about one-third;
4. In the wire rope fixing process, ensure each two rope close together, otherwise it is not conducive to material handling crane safe using;
5. After wire rope fixing, need to test the wire rope force situation, ensure the wire rope clamp does not appear loose;
6. After testing the wire rope clamp fixed situation, re-tighten to ensure the wire rope clamp fixed.


Before we can properly select a sealing device, it's important to understand the forces acting on the sealing device in the application. First, we will look at the forces in a flange assembly where a gasket is used.
Forces Acting on a Gasket
In a flange assembly, the gasket is placed between two flanges, which are then clamped together with bolts, studs, or other clamping devices.
In this example, the bolts are creating a clamping load, or bolt force, which compresses the gasket.
Once the media is introduced in the system, the internal pressure that is generated will try to push the gasket and separate the flanges. This force is called hydrostatic end force. If the hydrostatic end force exceeds the bolt force, the flanges will separate, and the gasket will leak or blow out.
The last external force we have to consider is the atmosphere. In other words, what's going on outside the flange assembly?
Forces Acting on a Packing or Hydraulic Assembly
In a packing or hydraulic application, compressive load is applied to the sealing components by a cylindrical device called a gland.
This compressive load causes the sealing components to expand radially, which then creates a seal between the wall of the stuffing box and the shaft, stem, rod, or ram.
When the media is introduced, it can also create additional radial expansion by way of hydrostatic load, as it tries to push the sealing components out of the stuffing box.
Lastly, shaft movement needs to be taken into consideration. How the shaft moves (rotary or reciprocating) and at what speed will directly impact the sealing device selection process.
Forces Acting on an Expansion Joint
Some flange assemblies require an expansion joint, which may be used to counteract or minimize unwanted dynamic forces in the system.
These forces can be in the form of vibration, twisting or torsional movement, compression, and elongation. In addition, the expansion joint must be able to hold up to system pressure, positive or negative (vacuum).
Lastly, the exterior of the expansion joint has to be designed to withstand external atmospheric conditions, such as oil, water, and ultra-violet ray exposure.


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As an NLP Practitioner (Study of Human Excellence), I am always seeking ways to help people "perform above their self imposed limitations." Whether it is sports, business or personal, the key to success is learning how to perform above your self imposed limitations. We have all seen what happens when people continue their same old behavior patterns and expect different results. You get the same old results. Yet why do people in all areas of life still operate from this very old, outdated and ineffective model of performance?
The answer is simple: People perform within their comfort zone. The comfort zone is defined as the place in people's mind where fear, resistance, and obstacles create a false sense of security. A place where people rely and wait on outside influences to impact their life vs relying on inner strengths, improved skill sets and higher level qualities to influence outside circumstance. It is a place where growth, transformation, and skill upgrades don't exist. It is accepting that nothing can be done and one is the victim of their circumstances. And finally, it is a limited set of behaviors attempting to accomplish goals.
The solution: Fixed goals and variable means.
Explanation: Most people will do the opposite of the solution. They will set variable goals with fixed means rather than fixed goals with variable means. When you set variable goals with fixed means, you will either set goals at a low level or once the goals are set, lower your goals to match your internal and unconsious perception of yourself based on the following factors
1. Limited beliefs. (What you think you are capable of; What you think is possible in the world; What you believe you deserve;, etc.
2. State of mind. (Are you performing in a depressed, anxious, or frustrated state of mind or are you performing with passion, excitement and enthusiasm.)
3. Skill sets. (Are you attempting to accomplish your goals based on the same skill sets you learned years ago, or are you constantly and continuously seeking, learning and applying higher and higher level skill sets.
4. Identity: Do you think of yourself in only one way or do you have many ways to think of your role that can expand your performance. A simple example would be a restaurant server. If you thought of yourself as someone who just served a meal to the customers, then your behavior would reflect your identity. Mechanically, delivering the food, cleaning the table and asking for payment. However, if you expanded your identity to not just a server but also a person who wants to inspire, motivate and deliver happiness to all your customers, in other words a "STATE CHANGER", then you might develop a whole new set of skills, behaviors and qualities that would create a much different experience for your customers.
5. Environment: Do you work in an environment that keeps you in your current level of thinking, performing and circumstances. Or do you seek new environments (new friends, groups, circumstances) that can assist you to new levels of awareness and performance?
Fixed goals with variable means concept is where you keep your goals and time frames fixed and rather than change your goals to match your perceived capabilities and / or resources, you change your behaviors, mindset and capabilites to meet your goals. You move "yourself" up to meet the higher level goals rather than moving your goals down to meet your current self.
Steps to fixed goals with variable means:
1. Realize you have set your goals within your comfort zone.
2. Revisit your goals by asking how your goals would change if you set them above your self imposed limitations. And then ask yourself: What is the first thing you would notice about your life that would change as a result of these new and revised goals?
3. Set new goals based on #2 and set these goals as fixed goals with fixed time frames.
4. Imagine performing above your self imposed limitations and ask yourself what beliefs, states of mind, skill sets, identity, and environment would be needed to support these higher level goals.
5. Create a self improvement program and create more variable means (i.e. changing mindset – see 1 through 5 above). (Variable means is another word for behavioral flexibility and behavioral flexibility is when one has many options through different behaviors, empowering mindsets and expanded awareness to accomplish one's fixed goals.
Note: All great athletes have coaches. Individuals and businesses would be served well to have a coach to teach, monitor, evaluate and help adjust ones variable means as well as assisting in setting high level goals.
Dave Isaac is a Certified NLP master practitioner and helps individuals, businesses and athletes perform above their self imposed limitations and achieve peak performance. For more information on NLP, please visit _URL_
Dave's emails is: _EMAIL_


text:
This is a list of names of forced laborers who were buried in the local cemetery of Braunschweig, Germany
· General Information About the List|
· What is in the database
· Searching the Database
As in most parts of Germany, Braunschweig's industries utilized large numbers of forced laborers/prisoners, Jews and non-Jews, often securing them from concentration camps. Many of these workers died from various diseases or simply from exhaustion or starvation, and they were buried locally. In some cases the persons buried there were listed, in others not.
Ossie Schonfeld of Brooklyn had been deported from Czechoslovakia with his father, Abraham, to Auschwitz, and then to forced labor in Braunschweig. Abraham died there and, many years later, Ossie decided to go to Braunschweig and locate the cemetery. He did so and found the names of others who had died there. Exact dates of death are not known. The list appeared in The Jewish Press on August 18, 1995, and is reproduced from there.
This database contains six fields:
There are 217 records.
The file was submitted by Peter D. Lande
Thanks to JewishGen Inc. for providing the website and database expertise to make this database accessible. Special thanks to Susan King, Warren Blatt and Michael Tobias for their continued contributions to Jewish genealogy. Particular thanks to the Research Division headed by Joyce Field and the volunteer project coordinators.
This database is searchable via JewishGen's Holocaust Database.


text:
Djeco Ludicolouri Wooden Puzzle - Learn Colours
- Usually ships next day
- Calculated at Checkout
French brand Djeco are committed to providing families with beautifully crafted, creative and educationally focused wooden toys, puzzles and games. In 1954 Djeco's founder Véronique Michel-Dalès was a pioneering woman, starting her own company in a male dominated industry she created several hugely popular educational games and by the 1960's Véronique had won numerous awards. Her creative and pioneering spirit continues today with Djeco's dedication to quality, innovative educational wooden toys and puzzles now spanning over 64 years.
Djeco's magical Ludicolouri 19 piece wooden animal puzzle is a standout in Djeco's fun puzzle games range. Consisting of a square wooden base skilfully decorated as a dreamy blue sky with a flock of removable, playful and colourful wooden birds these quality puzzles are amazingly good at assisting toddlers learn colours in a very short time.
Size (package) – Ludicolouri Animal Puzzle Learning Colours: W 30cm x D 11cm x H 30cm.
Age: 36+ months.
Djeco Wooden Animal Puzzle to Learn Colours - Ludicolouri features:
- EDUCATIONAL – 18 x adorable, differently coloured wooden birds flying around a 1 x central colour wheel providing a fantastic educational platform to assist toddlers learn different colours. As each bird fly's off this fun puzzle game it leaves an empty spot matching it's colour assisting kids to recognise and match the different colours.
- COLOURFUL – Comprises a sensational variety of vibrant, child safe colours to stimulate the visual sensors and encourage colour identification and experimentation.
- ENGAGING – Simple and highly effective in engaging a child's attention through different colours, shapes and spatial layout. Children quickly engage and maintain interest as the enticing challenge to identify and match the shapes and colours is wonderful to watch.
Designed in France.
Made in China under strict quality, safety and sustainability controls.
greengrub Wooden Toys Australia; convenient online shopping in Perth for Djeco educational wooden toys, puzzles and games delivered Australia wide.
© greengrubtoys 2014-2019. All rights reserved


text:
Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material
versión impresa ISSN 0101-4714
GOMES JUNIOR, Guilherme Simões. Le musée français: guerras napoleônicas, coleções artísticas e o longínquo destino de um livro. An. mus. paul. [online]. 2007, vol.15, n.1, pp. 219-246. ISSN 0101-4714. _URL_
This paper is about Le Musée Français [The French Museum], a book found in the collection of the library of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in Rio de Janeiro. As a catalog of the Napoleon Museum, it bears witness to the reorganization of the arts in Europe as a result of the Napoleonic wars and the project of making Paris a true successor to Athens and Rome, as the center of a new republic of the arts. This process was the object of a dispute where Quatremère de Quincy and Joachim Lebreton played an important role. It was also one of the causes leading to the exile of a group of artists who then helped to lay the foundations for an academic environment in Rio de Janeiro.
Palabras llave : Quatremère de Quincy; Lebreton; Art collections; Napoleonic wars; Museums.


text:
Innovative Sample Storage
Storing DNA or RNA samples can be challenging due to the biological nature of the samples. Unlike certain other samples, the traditional method of freezing these samples may encourage sample contamination or biodegradation of the sample's integrity.
With GenTegra's innovative DNA Tubes, these samples were able to be stored in a room-temperature setting without running the risk of sample degradation. The quality of the samples remained high, which allowed researchers to confidently report the accurate results of their research. This app note discusses the impact of Gentegra's DNA tubes in an experiment run by researchers at Texas A&M University.
It looks like you're coming from , is this correct?


text: The transformation of natural habitats into urban landscapes dramatically alters thermal environments, which in turn, can impact local biota. Ectothermic organisms that are oviparous are particularly sensitive to these altered environments because their embryos cannot behaviorally thermoregulate and the surrounding environment determines the temperature experienced during development. We studied the effects of urban and forested thermal environments on embryo development and hatchling phenotypes in two non-native lizards (Anolis sagrei and A. cristatellus) in metropolitan Miami, Florida. To determine if embryos from urban and forested sites are adapted to their respective thermal environments, we incubated eggs from each site using temperatures that simulate likely nest conditions in both urban and forested environments. For both species, urban thermal environments accelerated embryonic development, but had no impact on egg survival or any of the phenotypic traits that were measured (e.g., body size, running performance, and locomotor behavior). Our results provide no evidence that embryos from urban and forested sites are adapted to their respective thermal environments. Instead, the lack of any major effects suggest that embryos of both species are physiologically robust with respect to novel environments, which could have facilitated their success in establishing in non-native ranges and in human-modified landscapes.


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Teacher makes maths-changing discovery – watch TVNZ Breakfast interview with author, Philip Lloyd – August 2010, click here
The Calculus Workbook NCEA Level 3 offers students the tools they need for success in Calculus.
In the first part there are exercises at Achieved, Merit and Excellence levels. The author walks the student through each new concept, provides several worked examples, and then a set of problems for students to solve. The fully worked answers follow immediately, encouraging students to carefully compare their work with the worked examples and worked answers, and improve their results.
With a "practice makes perfect" attitude, the Calculus Workbook NCEA Level 3 also contains six full-length Practice Exams, written for the 2010 assessment specifications, with full answers, as well as Unit Standards Practice.
For those students who have mastered their Level 3 work, there follows a scholarship training programme. Students can work their own way through this material with minimum supervision from the teacher.
1 Practice questions and answers
2 Practice questions and answers for Unit Standards
Unit Standard 5265: Differentiation
Unit Standard 20660: Differential equations
Unit Standard 20905: Integration
Unit Standard 5267: Complex numbers
Unit Standard 20661: Sketch graphs of conics and find equations of conics
3 Practice exams and answers
4 Scholarship training


text:
Chapter 2 - Citizenship
There are three ways in which a person can be a citizen:
Citizenship by birth and descent are legal rights for anyone who can prove the facts of birth and parentage.
Citizenship by naturalisation is not a legal right. It can be granted or refused by the Minister of Home Affairs.
A person has to prove the place where he or she was born and the date of birth.
The place must be a place within South Africa.
Proving a birth can be very difficult if there is no birth certificate, or if the person was not born in a hospital or clinic. We have to think hard with the client about what kind of proof might be available.
Documents which can help are:
Affidavits can be made by people who helped the mother at the birth or who were neighbours at the time of the birth. However the Department of Home Affairs is not easily satisfied if the only proof is affidavits so try to find some other kind of documents which can be attached to the affidavits.
One parent is a South African and the other parent is a foreign national
In terms of the South African Citizenship Act (No. 88 of 1995) a child born in South Africa to parents where one was either a South African citizen or a South African permanent residence holder at the time of the child's birth, and the other parent is a foreign national, will be a South African citizen by birth in the case of births from 6th October 1995 when the Act came into operation. The position before that was governed by the South African Citizenship Act of 1949 which contained a wide range of different requirements over the years. To determine a person's claim to South African Citizenship in respect of births in that era, a person usually needs to complete a BI-529 (Determination of Citizenship Status).
Both parents are foreign nationals
A child who is born in South Africa, from parents who are foreign nationals, will get the citizenship of their parents. However, at the age of 18 a child who is born in South Africa, where both parents are foreign nationals, can apply for citizenship by birth.
Foreign children who are born in South Africa and legally adopted by a South African citizen are governed in terms of the Children's Act of 38 of 2005 and their birth is registered in South Africa. This means they will have citizenship of South Africa by birth.
This makes provision for South African citizenship for children born outside South Africa.
If one of the child's parents is a South African citizen the child has a right to South African citizenship IF that parent registers the birth at the nearest South African embassy or consulate, or sends the proof of the birth to the Department of Home Affairs in Pretoria.
Adoption of child born outside of South Africa
The Children's Act makes provision for people to adopt, and children who are legally adopted by a South African citizen, will qualify for citizenship through descent.
Naturalisation is the granting of citizenship to someone who has come to South Africa from abroad and stayed in this county for some time.
If a person is a citizen of another country but wants South African citizenship she or he can apply to the Minister of Home Affairs for Citizenship. According to the Eighth Amendment Act of the Regulations in terms of the South African Citizenship Act (1995) that came into operation on 1 April 2003, a fee may be charged for the duplication of the certificate.
These are the conditions that the person must fulfil when applying for citizenship:
BUT this application for citizenship can be refused by the Minister even if the person seems to fulfil all the conditions. It is regarded as a privilege not a right.
South African citizenship cannot be taken away from anyone unless that person also has the citizenship of another country. If that person acquires citizenship of another country, he or she will lose their South African citizenship unless they apply to retain it before acquiring foreign citizenship and paying the required fee.
A person can lose South African citizenship by:
Anyone who complains that their South African citizenship has been taken away MUST be referred to a lawyer.
A South African citizen cannot have dual citizenship, in other words, be a citizen of two countries at the same time. The original citizenship will automatically be cancelled if a person is granted citizenship of another country. However, a South African citizen can apply for the retention of South African citizenship BEFORE acquiring a foreign citizenship, against payment of a prescribed fee.
According to the South African Citizenship Amendment Act (No 17 of 2004) a citizen is guilty of an offence and is liable to a fine or imprisonment IF he/she:
According to the Eighth Amendment Act of the Regulations in terms of the South African Citizenship Act, the following fees are applicable:
In terms of Regulation 23 of the Immigration Act a relative means "biological or judicially adopted children or adoptive parents and step parents". A relative's permit is a temporary residence permit which may be issued to a foreigner who is a member of the immediate family of a citizen or a permanent resident. The following proof is required:
Permanent residence through first step of kinship:
A person can apply for permanent residence through a first step of kinship, for instance where the applicant is the father of a child born in South Africa and whose mother is a South African citizen. This application for permanent residence can also be made through the holder of a permanent resident's permit who is in the first step of kinship. BUT a foreigner cannot apply for permanent residence through a holder who obtained his or her permanent residence status through a first step of kinship.
1. Applying for citizenship from a permanent residence permit
A foreign national came into the Republic with an asylum seeking permit, and applied for status as a refugee which was granted for two years. After two years she applied for a permanent residence permit. If she stays for at least five years further, she can then apply for naturalisation.
2. Applying for permanent residence through a Relative's Permit
If a foreigner has married a South African citizen or permanent resident they can apply for a Relative's Permit from their country of origin. Once in South Africa, they can apply to become a permanent resident. If the person is indeed a member of the immediate family, and can satisfy the prescribed conditions, then the person can apply for permanent residency on the basis of first step of kinship.
3. Applying for permanent residence status through a child born in South Africa (first step of kinship).
A person who had applied for an Asylum Seeker's Permit, and whose permit is going to expire, wants to extend the permit. He has a relationship with a South African woman, and is the father of two children with her. The two children will be South African birth due to their mother's citizenship. He wants to apply for his Asylum Seeker's Permit to be renewed. The person is advised to apply directly for permanent residence status based on the first step of kinship through his two children. If his name is on the birth certificate then he could present the birth certificate as proof of kinship. However if the biological father's name is not disclosed, then he would need to make a late application for an unabridged certificate.
Note: In the case of a couple who are not married, the particulars of the father will only be evident on the unabridged birth certificate if the father's name was put down at the time of registration of the birth. If it is not recorded then a new application would need to be made to amend the birth certificate.
© This material may not be used for profit without permission from ETU
ETU can not respond to requests for legal advice, contact the organisations listed under Resources.


an even numbered offset (so long as no other partitioner is used on the drive).
 - Using a 1-MiB alignment boundary allows safer editing of the partition table with Vista Disk Management.
Partition tables using a CHS geometry (or some mix of alignments) may prevent Vista from resizing partitions or it may produce unconventional partition tables. For example, the endings of the "EBR extended partitions" (type 05) may overlap other partitions, and it will leave unprecedented amounts of space between an extended boot record and its logical drive. Ranish Partition Manager does not show an error if there are more than 63 sectors between the EBR and its logical volume, so long as the EBRs and VBRs are on the first sector of any track (head). If either the VBR or the EBR are not on the first sector of a head, Ranish Partition Manager shows the "partition" in red and when the partition is highlighted, this error message appears: "Boot sector doesn't have valid information". Using the 1-MiB alignment boundary will not put VBRs or EBRs on the first sector of a track (according to any standard CHS geometry) and Vista Disk Management will not use the CHS geometry of a partition table created with a different partition editor.
 - A disk that is solely partitioned with Vista Disk Management can create partitions in exact MiB sizes and never leave leftover bits of space between partitions.
With Vista DM, all the logical drives besides the one nearest the beginning of the extended partition (type 0F), usually reserve exactly one additional MiB, for an extended boot record, instead of the 63 sectors (31.5 KiB) that is most commonly reserved according to alignments based on a CHS geometry. If other partition editors are used on the disk then Vista DM may reserve different amounts of space for the EBRs.
Threatening Usage
General recommendation to work on drives and partitions only after prior backing up should be strongly obeyed.
Delete partition
The function delete partition works without any prior confirmation on impact for other partitions and may destroy other partitions without prior notice. This function is recommended to be ignored as far as no backup is available. Other vendors' solutions provide protection for other partitions.
Incorrectly displaying partition tables
Vista and Windows 7 Disk Management may incorrectly display logical drives as primary partitions, particularly when they are not labeled (or formatted?) as NTFS or FAT [1] (see section "You may see several primary partitions on a drive").
See also
References
 1. ^ "How Basic Disks work". Microsoft TechNet. _URL_
 2. ^ "Windows Vista support for large-sector hard disk drives". _URL_ Retrieved 2007-10-08.
 3. ^ "How Dynamic Disks and Volumes Work". Microsoft TechNet. _URL_
 4. ^ "BVERITAS Storage Foundation for Windows: The Dynamic Disk Advantage - Comparing Dynamic Disks to Basic Disks". Symantec. _URL_
 5. ^ "Veritas Storage Foundation for Windows by Symantec (PDF)". Symantec. _URL_
 6. ^ "Basic and Dynamic Disks". Microsoft MSDN. _URL_
 7. ^ "Dynamic vs. Basic Storage in Windows 2000". Microsoft Support. _URL_
 8. ^ "Vista's New Partitioning Rules". Multibooters Dual and Multibooting with Vista. _URL_ (Source is questionable. There is some confusion on this source page, which is clarified here.)
 9. ^ "The case of the disappearing partitions". Vista Information. _URL_
 10. ^ "You cannot install Windows XP successfully after you use Windows Vista or Windows PE 2.0 to create partitions on a hard disk". Microsoft Support. July 23, 2009. _URL_
 11. ^ "You cannot install Windows Server 2003 successfully after you use Windows Vista or Windows PE 2.0 to create partitions on a hard disk". Microsoft Support. August 14, 2009. _URL_
 12. ^ "Vista's New Partitioning Rules". Multibooters Dual and Multibooting with Vista. _URL_
 13. ^ "Windows Vista support for large-sector hard disk drives". Microsoft Support. May 29, 2007. _URL_
External links
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
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Pastel Artists Canada (_URL_) is pleased to announce the mounting of our 24th annual open juried exhibition at the Federation Gallery, May 12 through 24, 2015. Juror Andrew McDermott, SFCA, PSC will select the very best in pastel paintings from submissions across Canada and beyond, and stage a pastel painting demonstration in the gallery from 3-5 pm on the day of our opening reception (Thursday May 14; reception from 6-8 pm, all welcome).
Sometimes known as "soft" or "dry" pastel to differentiate it from "oil" pastel, this medium is as old as the use of earth pigments to render prehistoric animals on cave walls, and ranks among the most permanent of art materials. Pastels are almost pure pigments—the same as are in watercolour, acrylic, or oil paint–mixed with only a little binder to hold together in stick form. Although the pastel sticks may look like chalks, they are a far cry from the pale, impermanent dyes used for your child's sidewalk creations! Today's pastel artists work with highly-pigmented pastels on specialized sanded surfaces to create vivid and lush works that resemble oil paintings in their opacity and saturated colours. So please avoid insulting your local pastel artists—never call them "chalk pastels"!
Pastel has been a very popular medium down through the ages—think of Edgar Degas' highly textured ballerinas and bathing women, for example—but had fallen somewhat out of use in the past century until a recent renaissance. Now, with multiple active pastel societies around the world, a biannual convention (the International Association of Pastel Societies/IAPS) and an influential magazine of its own (The Pastel Journal), the pastel medium is emerging as an innovative fine art medium once again. People are falling in love again with pastels' intensity of colour and shimmering quality.
New processes and technologies have expanded the range of pigments and supports, and ensured their permanence and longevity, making pastels highly collectible. Artists new to pastel are delighted by their forgiving nature and their capacity for diverse mark-making. Pastels can be used to draw (leaving the surface support visible) or paint (covering the entire surface), and are responsive to the impulse of the individual artist to create a range of effects from broad fields of scintillating colour through to exquisitely detailed renderings of the most intricate objects. Whatever your preference– landscapes, figures, animals, still life, or abstract– pastels can fulfill the vision.
We hope you'll stop by and view this collection of the best of this year's pastels, hosted by the only active national pastel society in Canada. Expect to be surprised and captivated by the quality, variety, and sheer loveliness of this medium! And consider joining our society for camaraderie, inspiration, skills development, and recognition. Come and discover the beauty of pastels!


text:
First of all, it has nothing to do with thermodynamics (that it, it is _not_ the array of Boltzmann weights of the states). Wstate is just the array of weights used for construction the density matrix for orbital optimization. If you are interested in more than one state, you should obtain the orbitals equally good (or equally bad) for all the states of interest. If you give preference to one of the states, your resulting orbitals will be biased and, therefore, sort of meaningless.
If you perform a state-averaged CASSCF for different geometries (say, along the reaction path), you'll see that the dominant configurations in your states of interest (say, ground and 1st excited state) change. These changes in the weights of individual configurations within the target states reproduce the changes in the corresponding wavefunctions along the reaction path. For example, the dominant configuration in the ground state was...2200... (the digits are the occupation numbers) with 99% weight. As you move toward the transition state, the weight of this configuration will decrease, while the weight of...2110... will increase. The state with dominant...2200... configuration will become excited (therefore, state crossing should occur in some point). In the product state, you'll again have the ground state dominated by...2200..., but the orbitals will be different, namely, product-like (rather than reagent-like). If you perform such a calculation, you'll see it clearly.
So, the amount of states to be averaged is governed by the amount of terms that cross along your reaction path. If you're lucky, you'll need only closed-shell singlet, 1st excited singlet, and a triplet. This is typical, for example, for rotation around conjugated bonds in linear conjugated systems. Since I know nothing about you system, I cannot say anything about wstate a priori.
Moreover, you may try state-specific CASSCF (that is, with default wstate(1)=1,-0). If you see that the dominant configuration of your ground state changes substantially along the reaction path, state-averaging is needed.
As for the active space size... it does not have to be _large_, but is _must_ be balanced. For example, if you see symmetry breaking in the electron density where the nuclear configuration is symmetric, something is definitely wrong. In this case, you should carefully examine and change you state-averaging scheme, then revise your active space. The natural orbitals with occupancies >1.99 and <0.01 can be considered as inactive for the given state-averaging scheme and, therefore, can be excluded from the active space or replaced by some others.
On Sun Sep 28 '14 1:25am, alex wrote
>Thanks for the comment. To be honest the voluntarism is what makes me really upset - if you have two different mcscfs converged, which one is (more) trustworthy and why? I can explain only orbital selection part of the the problem - the difference is due to limited active space and better understanding/bigger size of the active space would be more accurate. But what is about nstate? I have plenty of states very close at energy scale and I am not sure that in active site of my protein the amount of excited substrate is say 0.28 or 0.5 under thermal pressure of the surrounding protein body. It can be next to zero and just waiting for kinetic energy to be focused by protein body for example, why not? Intuitively I would join reaction path/coordinate to states weight selection because for reasonably selected active space only certain route of weights increasing for desired states is leading toward the reaction products. So can you please give some insights of why do you think that ignoring of the reaction coordinate and setting states on/off is the best strategy?
>Thanks for the suggestion - I'll check aldet vs guga performance.
>On Sat Sep 27 '14 8:35pm, sanya wrote
>>I agree with Ilya: the choice of active space and state-averaging scheme is mostly a matter of trial-and-error and experience. Using localized and properly reordered orbitals may help to reduce the active space.
>>By the way, I recommend using cistep=aldet option ($DET group is used in this case instead of $DRT), which is better parallelized. If you need to average the states of only one multiplicity, set pures=.t. In this case, you may set ispin to 0 or 1, depending on which multiplicity (odd or even) you need. Don't forget to adjust NSTGSS to 3*NSTATE. If different multiplicities should be averaged, set pures=.f.
>>Playing with fractional weights in wstate is not a good idea. Actually, fractional weights are used in very special cases. Just set 1 if you want to include the state in the averaging or 0 to exclude it.


Wednesday, January 16, 2013
Composite component with multiple input fields
Introduction
Composite components are a nice JSF2/Facelets feature. As stated in this stackoverflow.com answer, you can use it to create a reuseable component with a single responsibility based on existing JSF components and/or HTML.
Use Composite Components if you want to create a single and reuseable custom UIComponent with a single responsibility using pure XML. Such a composite component usually consists of a bunch of existing components and/or HTML and get physically rendered as single component. E.g. a component which shows a rating in stars based on a given integer value. An example can be found in our Composite Component wiki page.
The wiki page contains however only an example of a composite component with a pure output function (showing a rating in stars). Creating a composite component based on a bunch of closely related UIInput components is a little tougher, but it's not demonstrated in the wiki page. So, let's write a blog about it.
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Bind java.util.Date value to 3 day/month/year dropdowns
Although the calendar popup is becoming more popular these days, a not uncommon requirement is to have a date selection by three dropdown lists representing the day, month and year. In JSF terms, you'd thus need three <h:selectOneMenu> components and a little bit of ajax or even plain vanilla JavaScript in order to get the days right depending on the selected month and year. Not every month has the same amount of days and a particular month has even a different amount of days depending on the year.
Let's start with some XHTML first:
<ui:component
 xmlns="_URL_
 xmlns:f="_URL_
 xmlns:h="_URL_
 xmlns:ui="_URL_
 xmlns:cc="_URL_
>
 <cc:interface componentType="inputDate">
 <cc:attribute name="value" type="java.util.Date"
 shortDescription="The selected Date. Defaults to today." />
 <cc:attribute name="maxyear" type="java.lang.Integer"
 shortDescription="The maximum year. Defaults to current year." />
 <cc:attribute name="minyear" type="java.lang.Integer"
 shortDescription="The minimum year. Defaults to maxyear minus 100." />
 </cc:interface>
 <cc:implementation>
 <span id="#{cc.clientId}" style="white-space:nowrap">
 <h:selectOneMenu id="day" binding="#{cc.day}" converter="javax.faces.Integer">
 <f:selectItems value="#{cc.days}" />
 </h:selectOneMenu>
 <h:selectOneMenu id="month" binding="#{cc.month}" converter="javax.faces.Integer">
 <f:selectItems value="#{cc.months}" />
 <f:ajax execute="day month" listener="#{cc.updateDaysIfNecessary}" />
 </h:selectOneMenu>
 <h:selectOneMenu id="year" binding="#{cc.year}" converter="javax.faces.Integer">
 <f:selectItems value="#{cc.years}" />
 <f:ajax execute="day year" listener="#{cc.updateDaysIfNecessary}" />
 </h:selectOneMenu>
 </span>
 </cc:implementation>
</ui:component>
Save it as /resources/components/inputDate.xhtml.
The componentType attribute of the <cc:interface> tag is perhaps new to you. It basically allows you to bind the composite component to a so-called backing component. This must be an instance of UIComponent and implement at least the NamingContainer interface (as required by the JSF composite component specification). Given that we basically want to create an input component, we'd like to extend from UIInput. The component type inputDate represents the component type and should be exactly the same value as is been declared in the value of the @FacesComponent annotation. The concrete backing component instance is available by the implicit EL variable #{cc} inside the <cc:implementation>.
The three <h:selectOneMenu> components are all via binding attribute bound as UIInput properties of the backing component which allows easy access to the submitted values and the (local) values. The <f:selectItems> also obtains all available values from the backing component. The <f:ajax> listener is also declared in the backing component. The enduser has only to provide a java.util.Date property as composite component value. The backing component does all the heavy lifting job.
Oh, there's also a <span> with the client ID of the composite component. This allows easy referencing in ajax updates from outside as follows:
<my:inputDate id="foo" ... />
...
<f:ajax ... render="foo" />
The composite component is by its own client ID available in the JSF component tree and thus accessible for ajax updates, but this client ID is by default nowhere represented by a HTML element and thus JavaScript wouldn't be able to find it in the HTML DOM (via document.getElementById() and so on) in order to update the HTML representation. So you need to supply your own HTML representation. This is in detail explained in the following stackoverflow.com questions:
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Backing component of the composite component
Here's the necessary Java code!
package com.example;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.faces.component.FacesComponent;
import javax.faces.component.NamingContainer;
import javax.faces.component.UIInput;
import javax.faces.component.UINamingContainer;
import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;
import javax.faces.convert.ConverterException;
import javax.faces.event.AjaxBehaviorEvent;
@FacesComponent("inputDate")
public class InputDate extends UIInput implements NamingContainer {
 // Fields -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 private UIInput day;
 private UIInput month;
 private UIInput year;
 // Actions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 /**
 * Returns the component family of {@link UINamingContainer}.
 * (that's just required by composite component)
 */
 @Override
 public String getFamily() {
 return UINamingContainer.COMPONENT_FAMILY;
 }
 /**
 * Set the selected and available values of the day, month and year fields based on the model.
 */
 @Override
 public void encodeBegin(FacesContext context) throws IOException {
 Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
 int maxYear = getAttributeValue("maxyear", calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR));
 int minYear = getAttributeValue("minyear", maxYear - 100);
 Date date = (Date) getValue();
 if (date != null) {
 calendar.setTime(date);
 int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
 if (year > maxYear || minYear > year) {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
 String.format("Year %d out of min/max range %d/%d.", year, minYear, maxYear));
 }
 }
 day.setValue(calendar.get(Calendar.DATE));
 month.setValue(calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1);
 year.setValue(calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR));
 setDays(createIntegerArray(1, calendar.getActualMaximum(Calendar.DATE)));
 setMonths(createIntegerArray(1, calendar.getActualMaximum(Calendar.MONTH) + 1))


text:
Preliminary Report Shows "Cloud" Computing Technology Should Make Sharing Medical Images Easier and More Efficient
Mount Sinai was the first site to go live in August 2011 and currently has about 190 patients enrolled in project.
Patients find "cloud" technology a faster, more efficient way to store and distribute their medical images than current options, according to the preliminary findings of an image sharing project led by The Mount Sinai Medical Center in conjunction with four other academic medical institutions. The Phase I results of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Image Share project are being presented today at the American Roentgen Ray Society Annual Meeting in Vancouver, Canada.
Mount Sinai was the first site to go live in August 2011 and currently has about 190 patients enrolled in project. A total of about 600 patients are participating in all sites, which also include University of California - San Francisco, University of Chicago Medical Center, Mayo Clinic, and the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore.
"Cloud" computing involves using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.
"This is the next revolution in digital imaging," said David Mendelson, MD, FACR, Chief of Clinical Informatics at The Mount Sinai Medical Center and Chief Clinical Investigator for RSNA Image Share. "It gives the patient ownership over their records and makes the information more accessible to physicians. Plus it decreases unnecessary radiation exposure that can be caused by physicians ordering duplicate examinations due to records not being easily available."
To use RSNA Image Share, patients create an account and password and then are given access to import their images and reports into the personal health record account. For patient confidentiality and security reasons, when the information leaves the server at each local radiology site and goes outside a hospital's firewall, it remains encrypted until it arrives in the patient's account, where it's unencrypted so the patient can see it.
"We're dealing with sensitive health information, so creating a secure and confidential system is of the utmost importance," said Dr. Mendelson. "But if you look at online banking or shopping, which both transport sensitive financial information; we know creating a secure, widely used system is an attainable goal."
In phase two of the trial, patients will be allowed to share their images without the images first being uploaded to an Internet-based personal health record. This should be useful in the event of severe acute trauma, with transfer to a trauma center. In phase three, the data will be de-identified and then made available for clinical trials.
The RSNA Image Share project was funded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering at NIH.
About The Mount Sinai Medical Center
The Mount Sinai Medical Center encompasses both The Mount Sinai Hospital and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Established in 1968, Mount Sinai School of Medicine is one of the leading medical schools in the United States. The Medical School is noted for innovation in education, biomedical research, clinical care delivery, and local and global community service. It has more than 3,400 faculty in 32 departments and 14 research institutes, and ranks among the top 20 medical schools both in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding and by U.S. News & World Report.
The Mount Sinai Hospital, founded in 1852, is a 1,171-bed tertiaryand quaternary-care teaching facility and one of the nation's oldest, largest and most-respected voluntary hospitals. In 2011, U.S. News & World Report ranked The Mount Sinai Hospital 16th on its elite Honor Roll of the nation's top hospitals based on reputation, safety, and other patient-care factors. Of the top 20 hospitals in the United States, Mount Sinai is one of 12 integrated academic medical centers whose medical school ranks among the top 20 in NIH funding and U.S. News & World Report and whose hospital is on the U.S. News & World Report Honor Roll. Nearly 60,000 people were treated at Mount Sinai as inpatients last year, and approximately 560,000 outpatient visits took place.
For more information, visit _URL_


Title
The effect of theophylline on intestinal bicarbonate transport measured by pH stat in Amphiuma
ISBN or ISSN
0022-3751
Publication Title
The Journal of physiology-London
Volume
321
Issue
December
Publication Date / Copyright Date
December 1981
First Page
343
Last Page
354
DOI Number
10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013988
Abstract
1. The influence of theophylline on the mucosa to serosa and serosa to mucosa fluxes of HCO3- were measured by the pH stat technique in isolated segments of proximal small intestine from Amphiuma maintained under short-circuited conditions. The mucosal or serosal fluid was exposed to media containing 25 mM-HCO3- (pH 7.4) while the pH of unbuffered media in the opposite compartment was maintained by addition of acid. 2. Theophylline significantly increased the secretory flux of HCO3- and significantly reduced the absorptive flux when measured in Cl- -free (SO4(2-)) media. 3. In normal media theophylline did not alter the secretory flux but significantly lowered the absorptive flux of HCO3-. 4. Acetazolamide (0.1 mM) inhibited the theophylline-stimulated secretory flux of HCO3- and reduced the effect of theophylline on the absorptive flux. 5. In normal intestine there was an inequality between the secretory or absorptive HCO3- flux and the short-circuit current (Isc) consistent with the presence of Cl- absorption. After addition of theophylline the Isc was more nearly equal to the net secretory or absorptive HCO3- flux. 6. Exogenous cyclic AMP had effects identical with theophylline. 7. The results provide strong evidence that elevation of cyclic AMP stimulates net HCO3- secretion in urodele small intestine and provide indirect evidence that Cl- absorption is simultaneously reduced.
Disciplines
Anesthesiology
Keywords
Neurosciences & Neurology, Physiology
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Biertan fortified church
Biertan (German: Birthälm, Romani: Biyertan, Hungarian: Berethalom) is a commune in central Romania, in the north of the Sibiu County, 80 km north of Sibiu and 15 km east of Mediaş. It is one of the most important Saxon villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, having been on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1993. It was the seat of the Lutheran Evangelical Diocese in Transylvania between 1572 and 1867. It is one of the most visited villages in Transylvania, being the historically important place of the annual reunion of the Transylvanian Saxons, many of whom now live in Germany.
Biertan is one of the first German settlements in Transylvania placed between the two "Seats" (Mediaş and Şeica) in the Andreean Diploma from 1224. The first attestation of its name has been certified since 1283, in a document about the taxes demanded by the Catholic Capital from Alba Iulia to the Catholic priests from the Transylvanian Saxon communities. As any other Transylvanian Saxon Community, it had an urban organization, being noticed the franconic style of the rows of houses around the central square overlooked by a grandiose fortress-church.
This heavily fortified church sits on a hilltop in the center of Biertan village. The church was mentioned for the first time in 1402; most likely a Gothic basilica, it was completely demolished. The only remains of the original church are some stone vault ribs and a few bosses.
Today's church is a hall-shaped church with a chief nave and two side-aisles. The four-bay church has a 5/8 apse and was built between 1500 and 1525, during the time of Priest "Baccalaureus Johannis". The church has net-shaped brick-ribbed vaults over its entire ceiling.
Late-Gothic and Renaissance stone masonry is also preserved, including doorways, brackets, the pulpit, and other items. The wooden furniture, the doors, and the folding triptych date back to the beginning of the 16th century. Inside the church the late Gothic shrine, in the form of a triptych was realized in more stages between _PHONE_. The pews are made between _PHONE_ by Reychmut from Sighişoara and are ones of the most valuable pews of this kind from Transylvania. The Europa Nostra restoration from 1978 to 1991 revealed parts of the former paintings and inscriptions.
The pulpit was made in 1523 by the stone carver Ulrich, from Braşov. The painting on the wood of the pulpit is from 1754. The pulpit is impressive for the biblical scenes reproduction and for the adornment with architectural and vegetal motifs very carefully painted in the transition style from Gothic to Renaissance.
An organ existed in a church since 1523 (the organ player Bartholomaeus is mentioned); it was replaced in 1731, in 1785 (by Samuel Metz), then in 1869, when the Hessian Company in Vienna built a new organ with 1290 tubes, 2 manuals, pedals and 25 registers.
The artist Johannes Reichmuth from Sighişoara made in 1515 the special door of the vestry. The vestry has an intricate blocking system of the door which moved simultaneously 15 lockers. The room of the vestry shielded the treasure of the church and of the village when there was a siedge. In this room there can stil be seen tools of the Transylvanian crafters, paintings, jugs and bowls in Renaissance style.
On the southern part of the upper plateau, the "Catholic Tower" contains preserved fresco paintings from the mid-15th century. The two shielding walls, which partially lie on arches, are strengthened by many towers and a bastion. To reach the upper plateau of the fortress, one must pass four gate-towers. The outer wall, situated mostly at the base of the hill, is strengthened to the west and south by two fortified zwingers with gate towers.
Rolandia said...
Nice article!
Legends say that the couples that were considering separation would be locked together in a cell until they were reconciled, having to share a bed, eat from the same plate with the same spoon and drink from the same cup. This is probably the reason why in Biertan there has been just one divorce in the past 300 years.
Unveil Romania Travel Planner said...
Biertan is a great place to visit! Romania has around 150 fortified Saxon churches & villages in Transylvania, usually around 800 years old. Currently, 7 villages are listed as UNESCO sites. By visiting them, you'll feel like a kid entering a fairy-tale land. Viscri is another popular destination, famous for being promoted by Prince Charles of Wales, who even bought a traditional house in this timeless place.
You can read more about Transylvania attractions and legends here:


September 22, 2012
An analog hack of the Xbox 360 controller - Part 1: The Hack
What sort of 'hack' is possible on a video game controller that lacks a general purpose processor?
The first idea that came to mind was to mimic the USB communications between the controller and the Xbox. If we could record the signals transmitted and received using a scope or a more specialized USB signal analyzer, we could spoof the controller by manufacturing our own packets. Sounds feasible as long as the packet structure is simple and consistent, i.e., no encryption or scrambling, and we're able to convince the console that it's talking to a controller. I'm no expert on USB, so I discarded this idea as too much effort and prone to failure.
A simpler approach is to use a digital to analog converter (DAC), wired directly into the controller circuit, to simulate the button presses and stick movements. This might be thought of as an exploit of the 'analog hole' of an input device, the dual of its more well-known form in output devices such as speakers and displays. Of course, we need to know the points in the circuit to connect to and the required voltage levels. Armed with a multimeter, I was able to figure out the essentials of the controller circuit, as shown below.
The controller buttons should be familiar: A, B, X, Y, Back, Start, LB and RB (left and right bumpers). Note that the Guide button, stick clicks and D-pad buttons aren't shown because none of them were used. The left (LS) and right (RS) analog sticks are each comprised of separate horizontal (h) and vertical (v) potentiometers to allow for two axis movement. The left (LT) and right (RT) triggers are also pots, though they're effectively treated as buttons in most games (more on this later). All input signals are routed to an ASIC which presumably handles most of the the controller processing chores - debouncing, A/D conversion for the pots, forming the data packets, USB communications, etc. As shown in the diagram, all inputs except the bumpers are conveniently accessible via test points that can be easily soldered to. It's also worth mentioning that the controller board used for this project is a wired model marked as year 2007. Earlier or later models may differ depending on any revisions to the controller circuit, although I did inspect a 2010 model which appeared to be identical.
A quick word about the DAC. Our basic requirements are a high number of channels with hardware-synchronized simultaneous output on all channels. Sample rate is a non-factor as pretty much any DAC will support at least 60 samples per second, which is, as far as I know, the highest rate at which any Xbox game processes input. We do however need DC coupled outputs, and this requirement ruined my initial plan of repurposing a cheap sound card DAC. Rather than going for a fully home brew solution, I eventually settled on the National Instruments PCI-6713 which I was able to find used for a reasonable price. This is a PCI card with 12-bit resolution, 8 output channels, a voltage range of ±10 V, current drive capability of ±5 mA per channel, and an easy to use software API.
Buttons
Buttons are the easiest type of input to handle. They are active high on the Xbox controller and can be asserted by applying a voltage of 1.0 V or higher. The addition of a series resistor RS is just a safety precaution to avoid directly driving the ASIC when the controller is turned off and also to avoid driving Vcc if we accidentally press one of the buttons while the DAC is connected. Choosing RS = 2.0 kΩ results in a voltage drop of about 6% of the DAC output voltage VA (suggesting an input impedance of around 30 kΩ for the buttons), so we should not increase RS too far beyond this value.
Sticks and Triggers
The most straightforward approach for dealing with the analog sticks and triggers is to desolder the potentiometers and apply the DAC voltage directly. However, I've found it useful at times to be able to manually operate the sticks and triggers in the usual way without relying on the DAC, so I decided to leave them on the controller. In this configuration we can use a series resistor R2 and an appropriate VA to control the wiper voltage VX. The total pot resistance of 10 kΩ is divided into its two parts, R1a and R1b, which represent the resistance between the corresponding end terminal and the wiper.
From the diagram:
Sticks

With the stick in its resting position and without connecting the DAC, I measure a typical voltage of VX = 0.80 V = Vcc / 2. This suggests that the pot has the same range of rotation in either direction, R1a = R1b = 5.0 kΩ. Solving for VX,
Pushing the stick all the way left / up results in VX = 1.60 V = Vcc on the horizontal / vertical pot whereas pushing it all the way right / down results in VX = 0 V. This tells us the range of voltages that we must be able to produce for VX, thereby guiding our choice of R2 and VA. From the equation we can see that a large R2 will lend too small an influence to the DAC output, so let's try R2 = 1.0 kΩ:
The required values of VA are well within the range of the DAC and the current draw is only I2 = ±0.32 mA.
In practice, the voltages required to simulate a full stick deflection are smaller than those listed above. This is because the holes cut in the controller shell limit the stick's range of movement to about 60% of its actual mechanical range, and obviously the system is designed with this factor in mind. Full stick deflection can be achieved with VX = 1.30 V for left / up and VX = 0.30 V for right / down, which, if we keep R2 at 1.0 kΩ, corresponds to VA = 1.50 V and VA = 0.10 V respectively. There is also a 'dead zone' of about ±0.1 V centered around the stick's resting position which must be exceeded to generate any action. The purpose of the dead zone is to mitigate small voltage offsets due to mechanical imperfections in the potentiometers. An illustration of the critical VX values and their relationship to physical movement of the stick is provided below.
Triggers
With the trigger in its resting position and without connecting the DAC, I measure a typical voltage of VX = 1.40 V = 0.875 Vcc. This means that R1a = 1.25 kΩ and R1b = 8.75 kΩ when the trigger is inactive.
Pressing the trigger results in VX = 0.35 V. Thus, the triggers are active low, and it turns out that VX = 1.30 V or lower is sufficient for a trigger press. This can be realized with the following choices of R2 and VA:
Again these voltages are well within the DAC specs, as is the max current draw of I2 = -1.14 / 4.7 k = -0.24 mA. There are a couple subtle reasons for not attempting to pull VX any lower - it's unclear how much extra current (I1) can be sourced from the power supply, and we'd also like to avoid burning out the pot.
Hardware Setup
Nothing fancy - just the controller, DAC breakout board, and a breadboard for the resistors and signal connections. Following an unfortunate incident that involved me snagging my foot on the controller cord, duct tape was gratuitously added.
Software
Before we can do anything interesting we need some basic software for controlling the DAC. The Windows version of the DAC driver (known as NI-DAQmx) has support for .NET, so I decided to work in C#. I wrote a GUI based program to accommodate the basic controller functions as well as some more advanced features. The main sections of the program can be seen in the screenshot below:
 - Voltage Levels - The DAC output voltages we've already calculated for operating the buttons, sticks, and triggers. Obviously, the sticks can accept a continuous range of voltages, but we can specify the minimum and maximum of that range as well as a default voltage that represents no movement.
 - Channel Map - Sets the mapping of DAC output channels to the various controller inputs. These will change depending on what game we're playing.
 - Controls - Replicates the basic functionality of the Xbox controller and provides access to a list of predefined control sequences (macros). These control sequences can be very short, such as a glitch requiring a couple well-timed button presses, or much longer and more complex sequences involving many controller actions.
Individual button and trigger presses can be implemented by outputting the active voltage for a few frames followed by one sample of the inactive voltage. This is because we're actually simulating pressing and releasing the button, and the DAC latches and holds the final sample in the sequence. Panel controls adorned with arrow images were used as a rudimentary means of simulating the analog sticks. A left mouse click on a panel is translated into a brief stick press (such as when navigating a menu) whereas a right mouse click starts a continuous sequence of voltages, applied to the horizontal and vertical pots, corresponding to


text:
SCOTTSVILLE, TEXAS. Scottsville, on Farm roads 1998 and 2199, four miles east of Marshall in east central Harrison County, was named after its founder, William Thomas Scott, who moved to Texas from Louisiana in 1840. In 1840 Scott's slaves built his lavish plantation home, reputedly identical to Jefferson Davis's Mississippi mansion. Scottsville's white schoolchildren attended classes in the small schoolhouse that Scott had built; it was staffed with the Scott family governess. The Scotts also established the first church in the community, a Methodist congregation. During the Civil War the Scott plantation provided provisions for Confederate troops. On August 4, 1869, Scottsville was granted a post office. Its population was reported as 300 in 1929, as 50 during the Great Depression, and as around 260 by 1950, a total that remained fairly steady into the 1980s. In the early 1990s Scottsville, which still had its post office, was an incorporated community and reported 287 residents and eleven businesses. In 2000 the population was 263.
Marshall News Messenger, November 10, 1963.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Christine A. Keffeler, "SCOTTSVILLE, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 19, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.