text:
The central government allocated 23.5 billion yuan to actively promote energy conservation and emission reduction. The Ministry of Finance conscientiously implemented the spirit of the 17th CPC National Congress and the instructions and requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on doing a good job in energy conservation and emission reduction. In 2007, it allocated 23.5 billion yuan of special funds to actively promote energy conservation and emission reduction and achieved remarkable results. Recently, the Ministry of Finance held a national conference on fiscal energy conservation and emission reduction, overturning people's previous impression of difficult degradation and high pollution, and conducting in-depth research and comprehensive deployment of fiscal support for energy conservation and emission reduction
promoting energy conservation and emission reduction is an important measure to solve the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution in China. It is of great significance to promote the transformation of economic development mode, achieve sound and rapid economic development, and build a socialist harmonious society. The general guiding ideology of financial support for energy conservation and emission reduction is to change the concept of financial management under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, give full play to the leverage of fiscal policies and financial funds through institutional innovation and mechanism improvement, promote governments at all levels, enterprises and the whole society to pay attention to energy conservation and emission reduction in development ideas and behaviors, and promote the transformation of economic development mode and consumption mode, Promoting the formulation and revision of the "ten corresponding standards" must also keep up with the realization of the energy conservation and emission reduction goals of the "first five year plan"
in the coming period, financial departments at all levels should take promoting energy conservation and emission reduction as an important task, and earnestly do the following work according to the working idea of "consolidating the foundation, clarifying, innovating the mechanism, increasing investment and creating the environment": first, support the ten key energy-saving projects, establish a new mechanism of "replacing subsidies with awards", and adopt the way of linking financial incentives with energy conservation, Support the technological transformation of energy conservation in enterprises and energy conservation in buildings. Second, support the construction of supporting pipes for sewage treatment facilities in central and western cities, and determine incentive funds according to local new pipe mileage, sewage treatment capacity, COD reduction and other factors, so as to mobilize local investment enthusiasm. Third, support the economically underdeveloped regions to eliminate the backward production capacity following the development of IOT, implement the local government responsibility system, and the central government adopts special transfer payment to reward the elimination of backward production capacity in 13 industries in the central and western regions, such as power, steel, paper and so on. Fourth, support the establishment of energy-saving reports, audit systems, energy efficiency standards, and labeling systems. 5 Jaso t 203 (2) 005 motorcycle light alloy wheels, and do a good job in the basic work of energy conservation. Fifth, we should support the construction of environmental supervision capacity and accelerate the construction of "three systems" for monitoring, indicators and assessment of major pollutant emissions. Sixth, support the water pollution control of the "three rivers and three lakes" and the Songhua River and other key river basins. Seventh, explore the establishment of a market-based mechanism for energy conservation and emission reduction, accelerate the establishment of an effective sewage treatment and sewage charging mechanism, explore the establishment of a paid use and trading mechanism for sewage, as well as a trans basin and trans regional ecological compensation mechanism. Eighth, create a good policy environment for energy conservation and emission reduction, pay close attention to the study and introduction of tax and charging policies to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, and actively and steadily promote the price reform of energy and resource products


How to Get Out of Safe Mode Ps4
How to Get Out of Safe Mode Ps4
Are you stuck in safe mode on your PS4 and don't know how to get out? Don't worry, we've got you covered!
In this article, we'll guide you through the steps to exit safe mode and provide troubleshooting tips for any issues you may encounter.
We'll also help you avoid common mistakes and share additional tips and tricks to optimize your PS4's performance outside of safe mode.
Let's get your PS4 back to normal in no time!
Reasons for Ps4 Getting Stuck in Safe Mode
You might be wondering why your PS4 is getting stuck in safe mode. Well, there could be a few reasons for this frustrating issue.
Firstly, it could be due to a power supply problem. If your console doesn't receive a stable power source, it may enter safe mode as a precautionary measure.
Secondly, a faulty hard drive can also cause your PS4 to get stuck in safe mode. If the console detects any issues with the hard drive, it will automatically boot into safe mode to prevent further damage.
Lastly, a software glitch or system update failure can also trigger safe mode. If the system encounters a problem during an update, it may revert to safe mode to avoid any potential issues.
Steps to Exit Safe Mode on Ps4
To exit Safe Mode on your Ps4, you'll need to follow a few simple steps.
First, make sure your console is turned off completely. Press and hold the power button until you hear a second beep, which should take about 7 seconds. This will start your Ps4 in Safe Mode again.
Next, connect your controller to the console using a USB cable. Once the controller is connected, press the PS button to access the Safe Mode menu.
From there, select the option 'Restart Ps4' and wait for the console to reboot. If this doesn't work, try selecting the option 'Change Resolution' and follow the on-screen instructions.
These steps should help you exit Safe Mode and get your Ps4 back to normal.
Troubleshooting Tips for Safe Mode Issues on Ps4
If you're having trouble with Safe Mode on your Ps4, try these troubleshooting tips.
First, make sure your console is turned off completely before entering Safe Mode. Sometimes, a simple restart can fix the issue.
If that doesn't work, check all your connections, including HDMI and power cables, to ensure they're securely plugged in.
Additionally, try using a different HDMI cable or port to rule out any potential hardware problems.
If you're still experiencing problems, try rebuilding your Ps4's database. To do this, go to Safe Mode, select the 'Rebuild Database' option, and follow the on-screen instructions.
Lastly, if none of these tips work, you may need to consider contacting Sony support for further assistance.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them in Safe Mode on Ps4
Make sure you're cautious when selecting the options in Safe Mode on your Ps4 to avoid any potential mistakes.
Safe Mode is a useful feature that helps you troubleshoot and fix issues with your console. However, if you're not careful, you may end up making things worse.
One common mistake is selecting the wrong option. For example, if you choose 'Initialize PS4,' it will erase all your data and restore the console to factory settings. To avoid this, read the options carefully before making a selection.
Another mistake to watch out for is disconnecting the power or turning off the console while it's in Safe Mode. This can cause further damage and may result in a bricked console.
Always follow the proper procedure for exiting Safe Mode to ensure the safety of your Ps4.
Additional Tips and Tricks to Optimize Ps4 Performance Outside of Safe Mode
One way to boost your PS4's performance outside of Safe Mode is by clearing up storage space and deleting unnecessary files.
Over time, your PS4 can accumulate a lot of unnecessary data that takes up valuable storage space and slows down performance.
Start by going through your game library and deleting any games or applications that you no longer use or play. Additionally, you can delete saved game data for games that you have completed or no longer play regularly.
Another tip is to regularly clean your PS4's system cache. This can help improve performance by clearing out temporary files and data that may be causing slowdowns.
Conclusion
So there you have it – a comprehensive guide on how to get out of safe mode on your PS4.
We discussed the reasons why your PS4 might get stuck in safe mode, provided step-by-step instructions on how to exit safe mode, and offered troubleshooting tips for common safe mode issues.
Additionally, we highlighted common mistakes to avoid and shared some extra tips and tricks to optimize your PS4's performance outside of safe mode.
With this knowledge, you'll be able to navigate safe mode like a pro and get back to enjoying your gaming experience.
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text:
This project developed a delivery device to place multiple molecular stimuli in a C. elegans culture, and designed an experiment to determine receptor-ligand interactions through the behavioral analysis of C. elegans. The team designed a PDMS delivery device and stimuli including IAA and glycerol were transferred from a 96 well plate device to an OmniTray using the device as a stamp. The experiment was recorded and analyzed through MATLAB. The output of the analysis included heat maps and behavioral plots. These were used in adjunction with one another to analyze the behavioral responses of C. elegans to the stimuli. In future applications, this can be used to rapidly identify responses to stimuli exhibited by C. elegans, leading to a complete understanding of receptor-ligand interactions.
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Major Qualifying Project
All authors have granted to WPI a nonexclusive royalty-free license to distribute copies of the work, subject to other agreements. Copyright is held by the author or authors, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted.
Your accessibility may vary due to other restrictions.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
pairs contained in $insert_hash. Values will be automatically qualified according to column datatypes so don't pre-qualify them. For date values, the canonical format is assumed (see qualify()) unless $date_format is specified.
This method is useful because it automagically qualifies each insert value using qualify(). Also, if the table has an integral primary key, and the corresponding key in $insert_hash was not given, a value for will be generated.
MySQL users: This assumes the primary key was declared with AUTO_INCREMENT, so no extra work is done except to pass the newly generated value back in $rv.
Oracle users: The situation described above assumes an Oracle sequence object named SEQ_$table_name has been created. This is the conventional naming scheme so that this feature can be taken advantage of in most cases. E.g., if inserting into table MEMBER, an associated SEQUENCE object named SEQ_MEMBER must also exist. See
In short, you generally don't have to supply a table's primary key if that primary key is a sequenced ID column.
Return the generated pk ID value or -1.2 if there wasn't a value generated (e.g. if the table has a multi-column pk) If there was no data to insert, -1.1 is returned. Return undef if error.
$row = $io->fetch($id_val_or_id_hash,[$key_name]);
Return a row in hashref form (COLUMN_NAME => value pairs). All date values are returned in the canonical format (see DBIx::IO::GenLib).
The row to be fetched is identified depending on the datatype of $id_val_or_id_hash.
If $id_val_or_id_hash is a scalar, the value is used in conjunction with $key_name. $key_name defaults to the table's primary key. If $id_val_or_id_hash is a hash ref it is interpreted as column => value pairs to be AND'ed together in a WHERE clause.
This method assumes that key(s) given form a unique key, so only 1 row is returned.
Oracle users: LOB columns won't be retreived because they aren't supported in DBD::Oracle (as of v1.19). LONG columns seem to work fine though so if you can get away with using a LONG over a LOB, do that. $DBIx::IO::GenLib::LONG_READ_LENGTH gives the limit size of a long that will be returned. If the table is a concrete table (rather than a view, for instance) ROWID will be included as a column with ROWID datatype. You may find this useful for updates and deletes (See also DBIx::IO::GenLib for a ROWID column name constant).
Return undef if error. Return 0 if no row was found.
$rv = $io->delete_by_id($id_value,[$key_name]);
Delete a row where $key_name = $id_value. $key_name defaults to the primary key.
Returns the number of rows deleted or false if error (0 is represented as '0E0' which is true). A maximum of 1 row can be deleted here, it is up to you to make sure that the given key is unique, otherwise unexpected results can occur. See also delete_all().
$rv = delete_all($id_hash);
Delete all rows that satisfy $id_hash, where $id_hash is a hash of COLUMN => value pairs that will be AND'ed together for the WHERE clause of the DELETE statement.
Returns the number of rows affected or false if error (0 is represented as '0E0' which is true). Return -1 if $id_hash is empty or not a reference.
$rv = $io->update_hash($update_hash,$id_val_or_id_hash,[$date_format],[$hint]);
Update a row with name value pairs contained in $update_hash, a hashref of COLUMN_NAME => new_value pairs. Values will be automatically qualified according to column datatypes so don't pre-qualify them. For date values, the canonical format is assumed unless $date_format is specified (see qualify()).
The row(s) to be updated are identified depending on the datatype of $id_val_or_id_hash.
If $id_val_or_id_hash is a scalar, the value is used as the primary key. If $id_val_or_id_hash is a hash ref it is interpreted as COLUMN_NAME => value pairs to be AND'ed together in a WHERE clause.
This method supports driver-specific SQL hints contained in $hint.
Return the number of rows affected or false if error (0 is represented as '0E0' which is true). Return -1 if there was no data to update.
No known bugs.
Reed Sandberg,
Copyright (C) 2000-2008 Reed Sandberg
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
The full text of the license can be found in the LICENSE file included with this module.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- Keswick, On, United States
Join the thousands of leading companies across the world that have relied on Validity data integrity solutions for over a decade to help manage the complexities of CRM data administration.
In 2022, Validity revenue run rate hit $24.3M in revenue.
Validity hit $24.3M in revenue in 2020
Validity launched in 2018 with $0 revenue
Validity Funding History
Why are so many SaaS founders taking money from Founderpath.com instead of VC's?
Validity has 251 total employees
What's your age?
Favorite online tool?
Advice for 20 year old self
Validity has 0 customers.
Average Annual Price
Validity has an annual churn rate of 0.00%.
Gross Annual Dollar Churn
Annual Dollar Expansion
Net Revenue Retention
Rule of 40
Validity Board of Directors
Frequently Asked Questions about Validity
When was Validity founded?
Validity was founded in 2018.
How much revenue does Validity generate?
Validity generates $24.3M in revenue.
Who is the CEO of Validity?
The CEO of Validity is Mark Briggs.
How much funding does Validity have?
Validity was raised $0.
How many employees does Validity have?
Validity has raised 251 employees.
Where is Validity headquarters?
Validity headquater is at United States


text:
Article date: 23 April 2008
- CO2 Certificates free with the HPI Check _URL_
Used car buyers can now reduce their carbon footprint with a helping hand from HPI, as it introduces its CO2 Certificate. Free with every HPI Check, the CO2 Certificate highlights the level of CO2 emissions a vehicle creates, using the industry standard CO2 emissions rating chart - similar to those already being displayed on new vehicles.
"Today, environmental issues are at the forefront of everyone's mind, influencing the food we buy, the holidays we take and the cars we drive," explains Nick Lindsay, director for HPI. "Indeed, transport accounts for one third of UK emissions. For every 6,000 miles the average car travels, it produces its own weight in CO2 emissions and with 30 million cars on UK roads today, this represents a huge carbon burden. Delivered immediately via email once a HPI Check is conducted online, our CO2 Certificates are the ideal tool for those car buyers who would like to compare the emissions of one car with another, helping them reach an informed and greener buying decision."
In a seven band A-G grading*, with category A being the lowest for emitting levels of CO2 and G being the highest, the certificates enable consumers to consider environmental data when determining a suitable vehicle for their needs. The sheets also offer practical advice to motorists on factors such as the impact driving behaviour has on fuel economy. Car buyers simply conduct a HPI Check online or by phone and will automatically receive the free environmental information sheet.
Nick Lindsay concludes: "Despite a growing number of green concept cars hitting motor shows, none have made great strides into the marketplace. Rather than waiting for a revolution in green motoring, motorists need to look at what they can do now to stem the tide of emissions. With CO2 emissions at the top of everyone's agenda, HPI aims to help used car buyers reduce their carbon foot print and stay on the road to a greener future."
HPI's guide to eco-motoring
- Consider at the type of fuel you use. Diesel is more energy efficient than petrol.
- Clear your car of unnecessary clutter - an extra 50lb of weight reduces the fuel economy of your car by up to 1%.
- Check your tyre pressure is correct to reduce petrol costs by 10%.
- Avoid jack rabbit starts and over-revving. Wearing soft soled shoes allows you to feel the pedals.
- Sticking to the speed limit is proven to be good for the environment.
- Every time you stop then start again in a traffic queue, the engine uses more fuel and therefore produces more CO2. Anticipate the flow of traffic.
- Idling increases emissions by 13% so avoid doing it - switch off the engine if you can do so safely.
- Driving in the highest gear appropriate and changing gear early can boost fuel economy by 10%.
- Use gears wisely to avoid revving which accelerates emissions.
* The CO2 bandings provided are intended as a guide to the emissions of the vehicle and equate to the current Vehicle Excise Duty bandings. Older vehicles may use alternate VED bandings based on emissions or engine size. Visit _URL_ for the VED banding relating to vehicles manufactured before 2001.
For press enquiries please contact:
Margot Tomkinson, Dominic Dennis and Justine Hoadley at HSL 0208 _PHONE_.
Notes to editors:
Originally established in 1938, HPI Limited is a primary source of vehicle information for the UK motor industry and motoring consumer, which since August 2004 has been owned by Norwich Union. HPI encompasses both the HPI database of all UK road registered vehicle descriptions and histories, and the National Mileage Register which holds in excess of 125 million mileage readings.
Together, HPI and NMR represent the UK's largest vehicle information source, combining and interpreting data from government agencies, industry bodies, private organisations, the police and the general public. Registering with HPI helps companies to protect their financial interests in motor vehicles and a wide range of other mobile assets. HPI Checks give purchasers instant confirmation of whether vehicles are correctly described, known to be subject to outstanding finance or serious accident damage, or recorded as stolen or "clocked".
'HPI' and the HPI logo are registered trademarks of HPI Limited.
(1) All prices include VAT and are correct as of 1 January 2006
(2) Mileage Data is not covered by The HPI Guarantee
(3) The HPI Guarantee is subject to terms and conditions


Difference Between Broiling and Baking
Broiling vs Baking
The temperature of the heat that one uses when using either broiling or baking is the key difference between the two cooking techniques. If you know nothing about broiling and baking, they are both ways of cooking food using an oven. Though, baking is a more popular option of preparing healthy food in an oven, broiling is another cooking method that utilizes dry heat without making use of a liquid medium such as oil that is full of fat. There are many similarities between these two cooking methods, though there are glaring differences that will be highlighted in this article.
What is Baking?
When we look at how heat energy is provided by the oven for baking, we can observe that heat energy is provided to the food item by surrounding it with hot air. You will also see that heat in baking does not char the food, which is why it is a better cooking technique for cakes and breads that just need a little bit of browning. So, if you are baking biscuits or cakes, the idea is to provide dry, intense heat to the dough so that it sets and acquires a structure. When using baking settings of an oven, you are, in a sense, providing a temperature of around 350 degrees Fahrenheit with no or very little air movement inside the oven. This temperature range usually is within the range of 250 degrees Fahrenheit and 450 degrees Fahrenheit as different food items need different amounts of heat.
Difference Between Broiling and Baking
What is Broiling?
When we look at how heat energy is provided by the oven for broiling, we see that infrared radiation is the process that takes place in the case of broiling to cook the food. Those who know about these two heat carrying processes know that infrared radiation has the capacity to char food items in close vicinity. This is very good for meat items. On the other hand, when you need to grill your steak but do not have a grill, you can use your oven on a broil setting that makes use of infrared radiation in such a way that you get a charred steak full of juices and flavors in a short period. The temperature of the oven during broiling is usually about 500 degrees Fahrenheit. The broil setting in your oven turns on the top burners only while the meat resides just below these burners. Thus, it is top down heat that cooks the meat from the top side. Once cooked from top, you need to change the position of the meat to cook it from other sides as well. It takes 2-3 minutes per side to cook this way and hence your steak should be ready within 10 minutes if you are adept at broiling in an oven. If you are using an electric oven, then you must leave the door of the oven ajar while broiling is taking place. However, if you are using a gas oven, leave the door closed.
 Broiling vs Baking
What is the difference between Broiling and Baking?
- Heat:
Both baking and broiling provide dry heat to the food being cooked.
- Method of providing heat:
The first and foremost difference in these two cooking methods that rely on dry heat pertains to the way this heat is utilized. In baking, the heat is constant and without any movement of air; broiling provides heat as infrared radiation.
- Ability to char food:
Broiling has the capacity to char food items in close vicinity, which is why it is ideal for steaks, while baking does not char and only brown items, which is why it is ideal for cakes and biscuits.
- The place of providing heat:
Baking provides hot air from all sides while, in broiling, heat comes from the top only.
- Temperature:
Baking temperature is usually within the range of 250 degrees Fahrenheit and 450 degrees Fahrenheit. Broiling temperature is usually in the range of 500 degrees of Fahrenheit.
- Oven door:
When broiling you should leave the oven door open if you are using an electric oven. If you are broiling in a gas oven, then you have to close the door just like you do when you are baking.
- Way of cooking:
Broiling chars the outside of the food. That is why you have to change sides. However, baking cooks food through, not just the outside. That is why baking takes more time than broiling.
Images Courtesy:
 1. Beef steak dinner via Wikicommons (Public Domain)
 2. Buns by jeffreyw (CC BY 2.0)


text:
National Wilderness Inventory
Australia: Our national stories
Australian Heritage Commission, 2003
ISBN 0 642 23561 9
4. Creating The Wilderness Database (continued)
4.2 Distance-based Indicators
(Remoteness from Access, Remoteness from Settlement, and Apparent Naturalness)
As discussed in Section 2.1, wilderness survey work is implemented by measuring variation in wilderness quality across the landscape using four wilderness quality 'indicators' that represent the two essential attributes of wilderness: remoteness and naturalness.
Three of these 'indicators' are derived in a similar manner and get their collective name, distance-based 'indicators', from the process used to derive them.
These indicators are:
- Remoteness from Settlement
remoteness from places of permanent occupation;
- Remoteness from Access
remoteness from established access routes;
- Apparent Naturalness
the degree to which the landscape is free from the presence of permanent structures associated with modern technological society;
This section of the handbook describes the processes used to create the results for these three distance-based indicators used in the wilderness analysis. The process of creating these results are similar, and standardised across Australia. Because of this, any variation in the quality and consistency of results for these indicators generally relates back to characteristics of the primary data which are described more fully in other parts of this handbook.
For each of the distance-based indicators primary data is graded according to its associated amount of impact. Remoteness from Access and Remoteness from Settlement take into account four grades of impact whilst three grades are used in determining Apparent Naturalness. Descriptions of these grades are presented in Table 4.1. The primary data codes and associated grouped feature coverages are detailed in Section 3.4.
|Grade||Primary data description||Grouped Primary Data Coverage|
|Remoteness from Access||Major||Major two-wheel drive roads: generally sealed or at least surfaced to ensure regular and continuous public use||ACC1|
|Medium||Minor roads: generally unsurfaced, or, if surfaced, then irregularly used and maintained. Also included are constructed and maintained airstrips and operating railways.||ACC2
|Low||LowVehicle tracks (usually four-wheel drive).||ACC3|
|Very Low||Established but unconstructed vehicle access routes (e.g. beach access) and cleared lines; established walking tracks; cleared land.||ACC4
|Remoteness from Settlement||Major||Built-up areas and commercial and/or service location with 100 permanent residents or more.||SET1
|Intermediate||Commercial and/or service location with more than ten but fewer than 100 permanent residents.||SET2|
|Minor||Commercial and/or service location with ten permanent residents or fewer.||SET3|
|Residential||Residential location only.||SET4|
|Apparent Naturalness||Major||Intrusive infrastructure (including medium and high grade access routes) and cleared land boundaries||AES1LN
|Medum||Small-scale infrastructure (including four-wheel drive||AES2LN
The analysis process for deriving the three distance-based indicators is outlined below, as a sequence of four steps.
i) Grading primary feature impacts:
Point, line and polygon primary data features are drawn from the appropriate layer in the library manager and grouped in coverages according to feature type and indicator impact grade (outlined in Table 3.6). The association between these grouped coverages and each indicator grade is outlined in Table 4.1.
ii) Distance Calculation:
Euclidean distance (in metres) is calculated from each sample point to the nearest feature within each grouped feature coverage. The nearest distance, in each case, is assigned to each sample point in the database as a permanent attribute.
iii) Minimum Weighted Distance Calculation:
Raw distance values are processed to produce a single indicator distance measure for each sample point. This distance is calculated by weighting the distance values for each grouped feature according to its associated grade of impact so that all distances are represented in units equivalent to a high grade feature. The equation for determining high grade equivalence takes the form:
Note: refer to Table 4.2
|Feature Grade||Weighting Factor|
|Remoteness from Settlement
|Remoteness from Access
Very Low Access
The minimum value for each indicator (mHGE) is recorded for each sample point and recorded as permanent attributes in the wilderness database (refer to Table 4.9).
iv) Indicator Classification:
Minimum high grade feature distances are classified to produce a standardised Remoteness from Settlement, Remoteness from Access, and Apparent Naturalness class according to the following equation:
The resultant classification of the three indicators is shown in Figure 4.3. These distance-based classifications are recorded as continuous floating point variables thus showing variation within class groupings as well as class values beyond the class 5 notional maximum. Remoteness from Settlement, Remoteness from Access, and Apparent Naturalness index values are assigned to sample points in the database as permanent attributes (refer to Table 4.9).


text:
Have you ever stood at the water's edge with a flat
stone in your hand. If you hold the stone just right,
with a flick of your wrist you can send that stone skimming
across the surface of the water. Well a towable tube
works on the same principal but on a much larger scale
and with a few more variables thrown into the mix.
You the rider simply sit on or in the tube. The tube
itself is inflated, so it's like a cushion of air on
top of the water. A rope attached to the back of the
boat is also attached to the front of the tube and it
pulls you across the water.
At first the ride is slow due to the friction between
the towable tube and the water. At a slow rate of speed
quite a bit of the towable tube comes into contact with
the water. It is riding deep in the water. As the boat
increases speed less and less of the bottom of the tube
comes into to contact with the water. The tube starts
to rise up and sits just barely on the surface of the
water. You are now on a plane. The tube is hydroplaning
across the surface of the water. By now the tube is
moving much faster and the ride has become extremely
fun! You are now skimming across the surface of the
water like that stone you threw.
Safety is extremely important. Anytime you are in the
water. Always wear a life jacket and obey all local
boating laws and regulations. We want everyone to go
home, so that they can return to ride again!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


LeetCode 939. Minimum Area Rectangle Solution
You are given an array of points in the X-Y plane points where points[i] = [xix_i, yiy_i].
Return the minimum area of a rectangle formed from these points, with sides parallel to the X and Y axes. If there is not any such rectangle, return 0.
Example 1:
Example
Input: points = [[1,1],[1,3],[3,1],[3,3],[2,2]]
Output: 4
Example 2:
Example
Input: points = [[1,1],[1,3],[3,1],[3,3],[4,1],[4,3]]
Output: 2
Constraints:
11\leq points.length 500\leq 500
points[i].length == 2
0xi,yi41040 \leq x_i, y_i \leq 4 * 10^4
All the given points are unique.
Solution
Brute Force Solution
Since we need to form a rectangle from 44 different points, we can check all combinations of 44 points to see if it forms a rectangle. Then, we return the minimum area from a rectangle formed with these points. One key point is that we need to make sure the rectangle has positive area.
Let NN denote the size of points.
This algorithm runs in O(N4)\mathcal{O}(N^4).
Full Solution
Let's try to optimize our algorithm to find all possible rectangles faster. One observation we can make is that a rectangle can be defined by two points that lie on one of the two diagonals.
Example
Example
Here, the rectangle outlined in blue can be defined by the two red points at (1,3)(1,3) and (4,1)(4,1). It can also be defined by the two points (1,1)(1,1) and (4,3)(4,3) that lie on the other diagonal.
The two defining points have to be a part of points for the rectangle to exist. In addition, we need to check if the two other points in the rectangle exist in points. Specifically, let's denote the two defining points as (x1,y1)(x_1,y_1) and (x2,y2)(x_2,y_2). We'll need to check if (x1,y2)(x_1,y_2) and (x2,y1)(x_2,y_1) exist in points. This is where we can use a hashmap to do this operation in O(1)\mathcal{O}(1). We'll also need to make sure the rectangle has positive area (i.e. x1x2,y1y2x_1 \neq x_2, y_1 \neq y_2).
Now, instead of trying all combinations of 44 different points from points, we'll try all combinations of 22 different points from points to be the two defining points of the rectangle.
Time Complexity
In our algorithm, we check all combinations of 22 different points in points. Since each check runs in O(1)\mathcal{O}(1) and there are O(N2)\mathcal{O}(N^2) combinations, this algorithm runs in O(N2)\mathcal{O}(N^2).
Time Complexity: O(N2)\mathcal{O}(N^2).
Space Complexity
Since we store O(N)\mathcal{O}(N) integers in our hashmap, our space complexity is O(N)\mathcal{O}(N).
Space Complexity: O(N)\mathcal{O}(N).
C++ Solution
1class Solution {
2 public:
3 int minAreaRect(vector<vector<int>>& points) {
4 unordered_map<int, unordered_map<int, bool>> hashMap;
5 for (vector<int> point : points) { // add all points into hashmap
6 hashMap[point[0]][point[1]] = true;
7 }
8 int ans = INT_MAX;
9 for (int index1 = 0; index1 < points.size();
10 index1++) { // iterate through first defining point
11 int x1 = points[index1][0];
12 int y1 = points[index1][1];
13 for (int index2 = index1 + 1; index2 < points.size();
14 index2++) { // iterate through second defining point
15 int x2 = points[index2][0];
16 int y2 = points[index2][1];
17 if (x1 == x2 ||
18 y1 == y2) { // rectangle doesn't have positive area
19 continue;
20 }
21 if (hashMap[x1].count(y2) &&
22 hashMap[x2].count(
23 y1)) { // check if other points in rectangle exist
24 ans = min(ans, abs(x1 - x2) * abs(y1 - y2));
25 }
26 }
27 }
28 if (ans == INT_MAX) { // no solution
29 return 0;
30 }
31 return ans;
32 }
33};
Java Solution
1class Solution {
2 public int minAreaRect(int[][] points) {
3 HashMap<Integer, HashMap<Integer, Boolean>> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
4 for (int[] point : points) { // add all points into hashmap
5 if (!hashMap.containsKey(point[0])) {
6 hashMap.put(point[0], new HashMap<>());
7 }
8 hashMap.get(point[0]).put(point[1], true);
9 }
10 int ans = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
11 for (int index1 = 0; index1 < points.length;
12 index1++) { // iterate through first defining point
13 int x1 = points[index1][0];
14 int y1 = points[index1][1];
15 for (int index2 = index1 + 1; index2 < points.length;
16 index2++) { // iterate through second defining point
17 int x2 = points[index2][0];
18 int y2 = points[index2][1];
19 if (x1 == x2 || y1 == y2) { // rectangle doesn't have positive area
20 continue;
21 }
22 if (hashMap.get(x1).containsKey(y2)
23 && hashMap.get(x2).containsKey(y1)) { // check if other points in rectangle exist
24 ans = Math.min(ans, Math.abs(x1 - x2) * Math.abs(y1 - y2));
25 }
26 }
27 }
28 if (ans == Integer.MAX_VALUE) { // no solution
29 return 0;
30 }
31 return ans;
32 }
33}
Python Solution
Small note: You can use a set in python which acts as a hashset and essentially serves the same purpose as a hashmap for this solution.
1class Solution:
2 def minAreaRect(self, points: List[List[int]]) -> int:
3 min_area = 10 ** 9
4 points_table = {}
5
6 for x, y in points: # add all points into hashset
7 points_table[(x, y)] = True
8
9 for x1, y1 in points: # iterate through first defining point
10 for x2, y2 in points: # iterate through second defining point
11 if x1 > x2 and y1 > y2: # Skip looking at same point
12 if (x1, y2) in points_table and (x2, y1) in points_table: # check if other points in rectangle exist
13 area = abs(x1 - x2) * abs(y1 - y2)
14 if area:
15 min_area = min(area, min_area)
16
17 return 0 if min_area == 10 ** 9 else min_area
18


text:
posted by paul .
the height of the upper falls at Yellowstone falls is 33.2m. when the water reaches the botton of the falls, its speed is 25.8 m/s. neglecting air resistance, what is the speed of the water at the to of te falls.
The water acquires a vertical velocity component during the fall equal to
Vy = sqrt(2gH) = 25.5 m/s. Its velocity at the bottom is 25.8 m/s, so the horizontal component at the bottom must be sqrt[(25.8)^2 - (25.5)^2] = 3.9 m/s
That must be the horizontal component at the top also, since it does not change during the fall. It is the velocity magnitude there.


text:
In a time of ecological, social and financial crisis, trust in managers is very low. Management education in general is being scrutinized for its impact on society and business schools have been described as'silent partners in corporate crime.' This book outlines how business schools can get out of the line of fire by presenting the cornerstones of a humanistic business education. As with any cure, it starts with an in-depth analysis of the root causes and then with a humanistic management education model details more promising ways forward. It outlines the implications of this next generation management education model for the administration of business schools as well as their core tasks of research and teaching.
- Publication Date:
- 09 / 08 / 2011


text:
The purpose of the RHS in a rule is to rewrite the workspace. To make this rewriting more versatile, sendmail offers several special RHS operators. The complete list is shown in Table 28.2.
|RHS||Description or Use|
|Section 28.6.1, "Copy by Position: $digit"||Copy by position|
|Section 28.6.2, "Rewrite Once Prefix: $:"||Rewrite once (prefix)|
|Section 28.6.3, "Rewrite-and-Return Prefix: [email protected]"||Rewrite and return (prefix)|
|Section 28.6.4, "Rewrite Through Another Rule Set: $>set"||Rewrite through another rule set|
|Section 28.6.5, "Specify a Delivery Agent: $#"||Specify a delivery agent|
|Section 28.6.6, "Canonicalize Hostname: $[ and $]"||Canonicalize hostname|
|Section 33.4, "Use Maps with $( and $) in Rules"||Database lookup|
[email protected]$* $2!$1 $1 $2
$1 in the RHS indicates tokens matched by the first
wildcard operator in the LHS (in this case the
$2 in the RHS indicates tokens matched by
the second wildcard operator in the LHS (the
In this example, if the workspace contains
[email protected], it
will be rewritten by the RHS as follows:
$* matches B.C so $2 copies it to workspace! explicitly placed into workspace $+ matches A so $1 copies it to workspace
digit copies all the tokens matched by its corresponding
$+ wildcard operator, only a single token (
is matched and copied with
! is copied as is.
$* wildcard operator,
three tokens are matched (
$2 copies all three.
Thus the above rule rewrites
[email protected] into
Not all LHS operators need to be referenced with a
in the RHS.
Consider the following:
Here, only the middle LHS operator (the second one) is required to
rewrite the workspace. So only the
$2 is needed in the
$3 are not needed and are not present
in the RHS).
Although macros appear to be operators in the LHS, they are
not. Recall that macros are expanded when the configuration
file is read (see Section 28.1.1, "Macros in Rules"). As a consequence, although they appear as
letter in the configuration file, they are converted
to tokens when that configuration file is read. For example,
DAxxx R$A @ $* $1
Here, the macro
A is defined to have the value
To the unwary, the
$1 appears to indicate the
But when the configuration file is read, the above rule is expanded
Rxxx @ $* $1
$1 refers to the
references only operators and
$A is a macro, not an operator).
program is unable to detect errors of this sort. If the
(in a mistaken attempt to reference the
$*), sendmail prints the following error and skips
num out of bounds
V8 sendmail catches these errors when the configuration file is read. Earlier versions caught this error only when mail was actually sent.
digit of the
digit must be in the range
one through nine. A
$0 is meaningless and causes
sendmail to print the above error message and to skip that rule.
Extra digits are considered tokens,
rather than extensions of the
digit. That is,
$11 is the RHS operator
$1 and the token
not a reference to the eleventh LHS operator.
Ordinarily, the RHS rewrites the workspace as long as the workspace continues to match the LHS. This looping behavior can be useful. Consider the need to strip extra trailing dots off an address in the workspace:
$* matches any address that has two or more
trailing dots. The
$1. in the RHS then strips one
of those two trailing dots when rewriting the workspace. For
xxx..... becomes xxx.... xxx.... becomes xxx... xxx.. becomes xxx.. xxx.. becomes xxx. xxx. match fails
Although this looping behavior of rules can be handy, for most rules it can be dangerous. Consider the following example:
The intention of this rule is to cause whatever is in the workspace
to become surrounded with angle brackets.
But after the workspace is rewritten, the LHS
again checks for a match; and since the
$* matches anything,
the match succeeds, the RHS rewrites the workspace again,
and again the LHS checks for a match:
xxx becomes < xxx > < xxx > becomes < < xxx > > < < xxx > > becomes < < < xxx > > > and so on, until... sendmail prints: rewrite: expansion too long
In this case, sendmail catches the problem, because the workspace has become too large. It prints the above error message and skips that and all further rules in the rule set. If you are running sendmail in test mode, this fatal error would also be printed:
== Ruleset 0 (0) status 65
Unfortunately, not all such endless looping produces a visible error message. Consider the following example:
Here is an LHS that matches anything and an RHS that rewrites the workspace in such a way that the workspace never changes. For older versions this causes sendmail to appear to hang (as it processes the same rule over and over and over). Newer versions of sendmail will catch such endless looping and print (syslog) the following error:
Infinite loop in ruleset
ruleset_name, rule rule_number
In this instance the original workspace is returned.
It is not always desirable (or even possible) to write "loop-proof"
rules. To prevent looping, sendmail offers the
RHS prefix. By starting the RHS of a rule with the
operator, you are telling sendmail to rewrite the workspace
R$* $: <$1>
Again the rule causes the contents of the workspace
to be surrounded by a pair of
angle brackets. But here the
$: prefix prevents the LHS from checking
for another match after the rewrite.
Note that the
$: prefix must begin the RHS to
have any effect. If it instead appears inside the RHS, its
special meaning is lost:
foo rewritten by $:$1 becomes foo foo rewritten by $1$: becomes foo $:
Rxxx yyy Ryyy zzz
The first rule matches
xxx in the workspace and
rewrites the workspace to contain
yyy. The first
rule then tries to match the workspace again but, of
The second rule then tries to match the workspace.
Since the workspace
yyy, a match is found, and the RHS rewrites the workspace
There will often be times when one rule in a series performs
the appropriate rewrite and no subsequent rules need to be
called. In the above example, suppose
yyy and that the second rule
should not be called. To solve problems like this,
sendmail offers the
[email protected] prefix for use in the RHS.
[email protected] prefix tells sendmail that the current rule
is the last one that should be used in the current rule set.
If the LHS of the current
rule matches, any rules that follow (in the current rule set) are ignored:
Rxxx [email protected] Ryyy zzz
If the workspace contains anything other than
first rule does not match, and the second rule is called.
But if the workspace contains
xxx, the first rule
matches and rewrites the workspace. The
[email protected] prefix
for the RHS of that rule prevents the second rule (and any
subsequent rules) from being called.
Note that the
[email protected] also prevents looping. The
tells sendmail to skip further rules and to
rewrite only once. The difference between
[email protected] and
that both rewrite only once, but
[email protected] doesn't
proceed to the next rule, whereas
[email protected] operator must be used as a prefix because it has special
meaning only when it
begins the RHS of a rule. If it appears anywhere
else inside the RHS it loses its special meaning:
foo rewritten by [email protected]$1 becomes foo foo rewritten by [email protected] becomes foo [email protected]
Rules are organized in sets that can be thought of as subroutines. Occasionally, a rule or series of rules can be common to two or more rule sets. To make the configuration file more compact and somewhat clearer, such common series of rules can be made into separate subroutines.
set operator tells sendmail to perform
additional rewriting using a secondary set of rules.
set is the rule-set name or number of that secondary
set is the name or number of a nonexistent rule set,
the effect is the same as if the subroutine rules were
never called (the workspace is unchanged).
set is numeric and is greater than the maximum number of allowable
rule sets, sendmail
prints the following error and skips that rule:
bad_number (maximum max)
set is a name and the rule-set name is unknown, sendmail
prints the following error and skips that rule:
Neither of these errors is caught when the configuration file is read. They are caught only when mail is sent, because a rule set name may be a macro:
The process of calling another set of rules proceeds in five stages:
As usual, if the LHS matches the workspace, the RHS gets to rewrite
The RHS ignores the
set part and rewrites the rest as usual.
The


Although Pepsi Logo and Korean flag look similar nowadays, but they are originated differently, and by tracing the chronology, we can see they are originated from different concept:
Here is the Pepsi logo chronology:
Here is South Korean flag chronology:
(note the dramatic flag changes during the world war period (1910~1945) because Korea was conquered by Japan at that time)
As we can see, Pepsi's original logo design include a wave-like pattern and adapts 3 colors (red, white and blue) with letters in the middle. And the symbol later on being simplified by taking out the letters.
On the other hand, Korean flag is based on the simplified concept of Taichi and Bagua from ancient Chinese culture. And the white color is not an element in the flag center.
:D So next time would you think of South Korea when you drink Pepsi?
New Pepsi commercial featuring Super Junior-M, Show Luo, Lee Jun Ki, Louis Koo, Jolin Tsai and Huang Xiao Ming


text:
Coloured finishing coating made of cork and water based resins, with high thermal insulating power, water repellency and breathability. Eco-friendly and extremely elastic product, to be applied over any substrate, finish façades, thermal plasters and external thermal system.
Cork Render is an innovative coloured finishing coating, eco-friendly, and formulated with water based resins and fine cork particles. Cork Render provides thermal insulation, breathability, water repellency and elasticity. It can be used as coloured finish for façades and thermal plasters (such as Evolution) and external thermal insulation. Cork Render adheres to any kind of substrate and for this reason it can be used in many situations: wood, metal, plasters, synthetic materials, concrete substrates.
Cork Render contributes to the thermal insulation of the walls to which it is applied, while protecting façades from the absorption of rain-water. Cork Render allows walls to breathe, thus contributing to the internal living comfort. Its elasticity prevents development of cracks and lesions.
Cork Render is available in a wide range of colours and it can be tinted using water based colors to obtain and infinite color palette. It can be applied quickly and easily by trowel or traditional hopper gun.
- Eco-friendly solution.
- It contributes to the thermal insulation of façade.
- Water repellent: it impedes the water absorption by the masonry.
- Elastic: it does not crack.
- It allows to restore façades subjected to cracks and fessurations.
- Resistant to UV rays, weathering agents, marine and industrial environments.
YIELD: 1.00 kg/m² (at a thickness of 2 mm / 0.08 inch.)
DRYING TIME: 10 hrs (at 23°C / 73.4°F and 50% relative humidity)
Available in a 5 gallon pail.
Crack Bridging Ability: 2.5 mm.
Weathering Test resistance: 1680 hours without clear changes.
Thermal Conductivity: 0.086 W/mK.
Specific heat: 1800 J/kg K = 0.423 kcal/ kg °C.


text:
The School Provision Review for Docklands is moving to the next stage and will now look at how best to meet the area's education needs into the future.
This review is delivering on the Andrews Labor Government's commitment to recommence education provision planning across Docklands.
The first stage of the review found that by 2031 there will be a shortfall of around 4,800 primary and 2,000 secondary places across the study area. The review also found that the location of schools means some areas are catered for better than others.
Mr Merlino has now requested for the Stage Two review to begin, which will involve further consultation with the community and key stakeholders and will look at options to deliver access to primary and secondary schooling across Docklands and surrounding areas.
Victoria is experiencing unprecedented population growth with an increase of 80,000 new students over the next five years.
That is why the Labor Government's 2015-16 Victorian Budget invested almost $4 billion in Victoria's education and skills system – representing the single biggest boost to education funding in Victoria's history.
Quotes attributable to Minister for Education James Merlino
"As promised, we are reviewing the future education needs across Docklands and inner Melbourne to tackle a dramatic reduction in school infrastructure investment under the former Liberal government."
"School infrastructure funding fell under the Liberal government's reign to a mere $200 million a year."
"The Andrews Labor Government's record funding boost to school infrastructure will start repairing the damage done by four years of chronic under-investment."
Quotes attributable to Minister for Planning Richard Wynne
"The former planning minister turned a blind eye to planning communities, but Labor recognises the need for properly planned neighbourhoods that offer schools, parks and infrastructure."
Reviewed 19 August 2020


text:
SYNOPSIShist2workspace [option] input.xml
DESCRIPTIONhist2workspace is a utility to create RooFit/RooStats workspace from histograms
OPTIONS-standard_form default model, which creates an extended PDF that interpolates between RooHistFuncs. This is much faster for models with many bins and uses significantly less memory.
-number_counting_form this was the original model in 5.28 (without patches). It uses a Poisson for each bin of the histogram. This can become slow and memory intensive when there are many bins.
Prepare working areaThe ROOT release ships with a script prepareHistFactory in the $ROOTSYS/bin directory that prepares a working area. It creates a results/, data/, and config/ directory. It also copies the HistFactorySchema.dtd and example XML files into the config/ directory. Additionally, it copies a root file into the data/ directory for use with the examples.
HistFactorySchema.dtdThis file is located in $ROOTSYS/etc/ specifies the XML schema. It is typically placed in the config/ directory of a working area together with the top-level XML file and the individual channel XML files. The user should not modify this file.
The HistFactorySchema.dtd is commented to specify exactly the meaning of the various options.
Top-Level XML File(see for example $ROOTSYS/tutorials/histfactory/example.xml) This file is edited by the user. It specifies
- A top level 'Combination' that is composed of:
- several 'Channels', which are described in separate XML files.
- several 'Measurements' (corresponding to a full fit of the model) each of which specifies
- a name for this measurement to be used in tables and files
- what is the luminosity associated to the measurement in picobarns
- which bins of the histogram should be used
- what is the relative uncertainty on the luminosity
- what is (are) the parameter(s) of interest that will be measured
- which parameters should be fixed/floating (eg. nuisance parameters)
- which type of constriants are desired - Gaussian by default
- Gamma, LogNormal, and Uniform are also supported
- if the tool should export the model only and skip the default fit
Channel XML Files(see for example $ROOTSYS/tutorials/histfactory/example_channel.xml) This file is edited by the user. It specifies for each channel
- observed data
- if absent the tool will use the expectation, which is useful for expected sensitivity
- several 'Samples' (eg. signal, bkg1, bkg2,...), each of which has:
- a name
- if the sample is normalized by theory (eg N = L*sigma) or not (eg. data driven)
- a nominal expectation histogram
- a named 'Normalization Factor' (which can be fixed or allowed to float in a fit)
- several 'Overall Systematics' in normalization with:
- a name
- +/- 1 sigma variations (eg. 1.05 and 0.95 for a 5% uncertainty)
- several 'Histogram Systematics' in shape with:
- a name (which can be shared with the OverallSyst if correlated)
- +/- 1 sigma variational histograms
- Kyle Cranmer, Akira Shibata, and Dominique Tardif
COPYRIGHTThis library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA


text:
Background Resource use in the acute and subacute phases after stroke depends on the degree of disability. Aims To determine if direct costs after stroke also vary by level of disability as measured using the modified Rankin scale at the chronic stage after stroke. Methods In a multicentre study, we collected acute and chronic inand outpatient resource use in survivors of ischemic stroke stratified by levels of disability according to the modified Rankin Scale. Statistical inference on costs at each level of the modified Rankin Scale was estimated using a general linear model for the first three months, the first year, and any subsequent year after ischemic stroke. Results A total of 569 survivors of ischemic stroke with a mean age of 71.7 years were enrolled (41% female) from 10 academic and nonacademic centers. Costs varied substantially over time and with each modified Rankin Scale level. The total average costs in the first year were estimated $33,147 per patient, ranging from $9,114 for modified Rankin Scale 0 to $83,236 for modified Rankin Scale 5. In the second year, medical costs were on average $14,039, varying from $2,921 to $39,723 for patients with modified Rankin Scale 0-5. The level of disability based on the modified Rankin Scale was a major determinant of resource use, irrespective of age, gender, atrial fibrillation, and vascular risk factors. Conclusion Long-term resource use after stroke is high and is mainly driven by degree of disability as measured by the modified Rankin scale.
Keywords: Stroke; cost analysis; costs; modified Rankin Scale.


text: With increases in the amount of data available for analysis in commercial settings, On Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) and decision support have become important applications for high performance computing. Implementing such applications on clusters requires a lot of expertise and effort, particularly because of the sizes of input and outputdatasets. In this paper, we describe our experiences in developing one such application using a cluster middleware, called ADR. We focus on the problem of data cube construction, which commonly arises in multi-dimensional OLAP. We show how ADR, originally developed for scientific data intensive applications, can be used for carrying out an efficient and scalable data cube construction implementation. A particular issue with the use of ADR is tiling of output datasets. We present new algorithms that combine inter-processor communication and tiling within each processor. These algorithms preserve the important properties that are desirable from any parallel data cube construction algorithm. We have carried out a detailed evaluation of our implementation. The main results from our experiments are as follows: 1) High speedups are achieved on both dense and sparse datasets, even though we have used simple algorithms that sequentialize a part of the computation, 2) The execution time depends only upon the amount of computation, and does not increase in a super-linear fashion as the dataset size or the number of tiles increases, and 3) As the datasets become more sparse, sequential performance degrades, but the parallel speedups are still quite good.


rpn-expression that defines the formula. Consolidation functions are then applied normally to the PDPs of the COMPUTE data source (that is the rpn-expression is only applied to generate PDPs). In database software, such data sets are referred to as "virtual" or "computed" columns.
heartbeat defines the maximum number of seconds that may pass between two updates of this data source before the value of the data source is assumed to be *UNKNOWN*.
min and max define the expected range values for data supplied by a data source. If min and/or max are specified any value outside the defined range will be regarded as *UNKNOWN*. If you do not know or care about min and max, set them to U for unknown. Note that min and max always refer to the processed values of the DS. For a traffic-COUNTER type DS this would be the maximum and minimum data-rate expected from the device.
If information on minimal/maximal expected values is available, always set the min and/or max properties. This will help RRDtool in doing a simple sanity check on the data supplied when running update.
rpn-expression defines the formula used to compute the PDPs of a COMPUTE data source from other data sources in the same . It is similar to defining a CDEF argument for the graph command. Please refer to that manual page for a list and description of RPN operations supported. For COMPUTE data sources, the following RPN operations are not supported: COUNT, PREV, TIME, and LTIME. In addition, in defining the RPN expression, the COMPUTE data source may only refer to the names of data source listed previously in the create command. This is similar to the restriction that CDEFs must refer only to DEFs and CDEFs previously defined in the same graph command.
When pre-filling the new RRD file using one or more source RRDs, the DS specification may hold an optional mapping after the DS name. This takes the form of an equal sign followed by a mapped-to DS name and an optional source index enclosed in square brackets.
For example, the DS
specifies that the DS named a should be pre-filled from the DS named b in the second listed source file (source indices are 1-based).
RRA:CF:cf arguments
The purpose of an RRD is to store data in the round robin archives (RRA). An archive consists of a number of data values or statistics for each of the defined data-sources (DS) and is defined with an RRA line.
When data is entered into an RRD, it is first fit into time slots of the length defined with the -s option, thus becoming a primary data point.
The data is also processed with the consolidation function (CF) of the archive. There are several consolidation functions that consolidate primary data points via an aggregate function: AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, LAST.
the average of the data points is stored.
the smallest of the data points is stored.
the largest of the data points is stored.
the last data points is used.
Note that data aggregation inevitably leads to loss of precision and information. The trick is to pick the aggregate function such that the interesting properties of your data is kept across the aggregation process.
The format of RRA line for these consolidation functions is:
RRA:{AVERAGE | MIN | MAX | LAST}:xff:steps:rows
xff The xfiles factor defines what part of a consolidation interval may be made up from *UNKNOWN* data while the consolidated value is still regarded as known. It is given as the ratio of allowed *UNKNOWN* PDPs to the number of PDPs in the interval. Thus, it ranges from 0 to 1 (exclusive).
steps defines how many of these primary data points are used to build a consolidated data point which then goes into the archive. See also "STEP, HEARTBEAT, and Rows As Durations".
rows defines how many generations of data values are kept in an RRA. Obviously, this has to be greater than zero. See also "STEP, HEARTBEAT, and Rows As Durations".
Aberrant Behavior Detection with Holt-Winters Forecasting
In addition to the aggregate functions, there are a set of specialized functions that enable RRDtool to provide data smoothing (via the Holt-Winters forecasting algorithm), confidence bands, and the flagging aberrant behavior in the data source time series:
These RRAs differ from the true consolidation functions in several ways. First, each of the RRAs is updated once for every primary data point. Second, these RRAs are interdependent. To generate real-time confidence bounds, a matched set of SEASONAL, DEVSEASONAL, DEVPREDICT, and either HWPREDICT or MHWPREDICT must exist. Generating smoothed values of the primary data points requires a SEASONAL RRA and either an HWPREDICT or MHWPREDICT RRA. Aberrant behavior detection requires FAILURES, DEVSEASONAL, SEASONAL, and either HWPREDICT or MHWPREDICT.
The predicted, or smoothed, values are stored in the HWPREDICT or MHWPREDICT RRA. HWPREDICT and MHWPREDICT are actually two variations on the Holt-Winters method. They are interchangeable. Both attempt to decompose data into three components: a baseline, a trend, and a seasonal coefficient. HWPREDICT adds its seasonal coefficient to the baseline to form a prediction, whereas MHWPREDICT multiplies its seasonal coefficient by the baseline to form a prediction. The difference is noticeable when the baseline changes significantly in the course of a season; HWPREDICT will predict the seasonality to stay constant as the baseline changes, but MHWPREDICT will predict the seasonality to grow or shrink in proportion to the baseline. The proper choice of method depends on the thing being modeled. For simplicity, the rest of this discussion will refer to HWPREDICT, but MHWPREDICT may be substituted in its place.
The predicted deviations are stored in DEVPREDICT (think a standard deviation which can be scaled to yield a confidence band). The FAILURES RRA stores binary indicators. A 1 marks the indexed observation as failure; that is, the number of confidence bounds violations in the preceding window of observations met or exceeded a specified threshold. An example of using these RRAs to graph confidence bounds and failures appears in rrdgraph.
The SEASONAL and DEVSEASONAL RRAs store the seasonal coefficients for the Holt-Winters forecasting algorithm and the seasonal deviations, respectively. There is one entry per observation time point in the seasonal cycle. For example, if primary data points are generated every five minutes and the seasonal cycle is 1 day, both SEASONAL and DEVSEASONAL will have 288 rows.
In order to simplify the creation for the novice user, in addition to supporting explicit creation of the HWPREDICT, SEASONAL, DEVPREDICT, DEVSEASONAL, and FAILURES RRAs, the RRDtool create command supports implicit creation of the other four when HWPREDICT is specified alone and the final argument rra-num is omitted.
rows specifies the length of the RRA prior to wrap around. Remember that there is a one-to-one correspondence between primary data points and entries in these RRAs. For the HWPREDICT CF, rows should be larger than the seasonal period. If the DEVPREDICT RRA is implicitly created, the default number of rows is the same as the HWPREDICT rows argument. If the FAILURES RRA is implicitly created, rows will be set to the seasonal period argument of the HWPREDICT RRA. Of course, the RRDtool resize command is available if these defaults are not sufficient and the creator wishes to avoid explicit creations of the other specialized function RRAs.
seasonal period specifies the number of primary data points in a seasonal cycle. If SEASONAL and DEVSEASONAL are implicitly created, this argument for those RRAs is set automatically to the value specified by HWPREDICT. If they are explicitly created, the creator should verify that all three seasonal period arguments agree.
alpha is the adaption parameter of the intercept (or baseline) coefficient in the Holt-Winters forecasting algorithm. See rrdtool for a description of this algorithm. alpha must lie between 0 and 1. A value closer to 1 means that more recent observations carry greater weight in predicting the baseline component of the forecast. A value closer to 0 means that past history carries greater weight in predicting the baseline component.
beta is the adaption parameter of the slope (or linear trend) coefficient in the Holt-Winters forecasting algorithm. beta must lie between 0 and 1 and plays the same role as alpha with respect to the predicted linear trend.
gamma is the adaption parameter of the seasonal coefficients in the Holt-Winters forecasting algorithm (HWPREDICT) or the adaption parameter in the exponential smoothing update of the seasonal deviations. It must lie between 0 and 1. If the SEASONAL and DEVSEASONAL RRAs are created implicitly, they will both have the same value for gamma: the value specified for the HWPREDICT alpha argument. Note that because there is one seasonal coefficient (or deviation) for each time point during the seasonal cycle, the adaptation rate is much slower than the baseline. Each seasonal coefficient is only updated (or adapts) when the observed value occurs at the offset in the seasonal cycle corresponding to that coefficient.
If SEASONAL and DEVSEASONAL RRAs are created explicitly, gamma need not be the same for both. Note that gamma can also be changed via the RRDtool tune command.
smoothing-window specifies


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This evidence scan describes approaches to measuring patient and carer experiences of healthcare based on evidence from 328 empirical studies. It describes a range of approaches, their benefits and limitations.
The study found that the evidence base suggests that there are 10 things that need to be considered when planning how to measure changes in patient and carer experience over time:
- Consider how patient experience is being defined to inform exactly what needs to be measured.
- Think about why patient experience is being measured and how the information will be used.
- Assess whether it would be useful to combine approaches so that both qualitative and more quantitative material is collected.
- Consider whether to ask everyone using the services or only a sample to provide feedback.
- Think about whether the best time to collect feedback is immediately after using the services, when experiences are fresh in people's minds.
- Allocate enough time at the outset to plan and test measurement methods, particularly if these will be used for many years to monitor change over time.
- Think about how the end-result needs to be presented for various audiences as this may shape how data are collected. Potential outputs include statistical averages, in-depth quotes or graphs.
- Make sure that there is appropriate infrastructure at an organisational level to analyse and use patient experience information.
- Make sure that patients, carers, managers and health professionals are all comfortable with why feedback is being collected and how it will be used. Staff need to be on board as well as patients.
- Ensure that patient experience measures are seen as one component of a broader framework of measurement and that all of the approaches work well together, without excessive burden for either staff or patients.


Article by Jeffrey Stivason
5 Reasons Why Systematic Theology is Indispensable to the Preacher
September 26, 2015 •
Benjamin B. Warfield wrote a little article for the Homiletic Review in 1897 titled, "The Indispensableness of Systematic Theology to the Preacher." As anything written by Warfield, it is a thoughtful and edifying piece with a clear aim. According to the Lion of Old Princeton, it is through Gospel truth that souls are saved. Thus, it is the prime business of the preacher, who possesses and is possessed by this truth, to proclaim it to men, women, and children. And so, says Warfield, systematic theology is an aid to the preacher in this great work because systematic theology "is nothing other than the saving truth of God presented in systematic form."
There are those today who would take issue with Warfield. Exegetes believe themselves to be purists. Biblical theologians believe themselves to be first cousins of the exegete. But the systematician is often looked upon as the ugly step sister. The one-time Queen of the Sciences has seen better days. Warfield found the situation to be the same in his day. He once quipped that Biblical theology "tosses her fine young head and announces of her more settled sister (i.e. systematic theology) that her day is over." Opponents of the Systematic Sister never weary of accusing her of splitting her hairs and engaging in windy profitless discussion. So, perhaps it might be a good idea to remember why systematic theology is indispensable to the preacher.
First, systematic theology is rooted in God's word. As Warfield said, "Scripture forms the only sufficing source of theology." In fact, the principle of all Reformed systematic theology can be distilled in a little phrase: God has said it. One can see the obvious correlation between writing a sermon and writing a systematic paper or text. The pastor and the theologian must begin with the Bible.
Second, systematic theology is not an independent and autonomous discipline. According to Warfield, "He who says, 'Systematic Theology' says theological discipline, and calls to mind its correlates in the other theological disciplines." In other words, systematic theology, queen though she may be, is not independent of exegesis, Biblical theology, and historical theology. As Warfield understood the matter, exegesis leads to Biblical theology or the organization of the scattered results of continuous exegesis into a concatenated whole. The fruit of Biblical theology is taken up by systematic theology and organized into a unified system. Thus, systematic theology takes the truths harvested from the theological disciplines in order to answer the question, "What does the Bible say about x?
Third, the preacher preaches what he knows. This may seem straightforward enough but it needs to be said because too many believe that all one needs to be a preacher is a heart aflame. This is true. But if the flame of the heart passes through a mind deficient of fuel the mouth has a tendency to issue forth smoke. Related to this is the problem of categorization. Some men know more than they seem able to communicate because they have not taken the time to organize or systematize what they have studied in God's word.
Fourth, and related to the previous point, preaching produces living. Over the years the congregation often begins to resemble the preacher and his preaching. For example, if a pastor places a heavy emphasis on law over against grace in his preaching the congregation will have a tendency to do the same. If he emphasizes grace to the exclusion of law it too will have an effect. Therefore, it is important that the pastor not only know systematic theology but use it to instruct his congregation. The old adage "right doctrine produces right living" is an old adage for a reason.
Fifth, and related to the first point, systematic theology is neither one man's opinion nor the church's creation. Since systematic theology arises from the Bible it is the truth of God which is to be confessed by the church and incorporated into her consciousness. This means that it is the preachers duty to know systematic theology in order to preserve, proclaim, and protect the truth of God once delivered to the saints.


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Aaron and Andrew Harrison, James Young Officially Enrolled at Kentucky
Fans in Lexington can breathe a bit easier today, as the three missing McDonald's All-Americans — James Young and the Harrison twins, Andrew and Aaron — have officially enrolled in classes at Kentucky.
What is the duplicate article?
Why is this article offensive?
Where is this article plagiarized from?
Why is this article poorly edited?


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This discussion paper prepared by John Snow, Inc., in collaboration with the California Association of Public Hospitals and California Health Care Safety Net Institute, defines whole-person care as the coordination of health, behavioral health, and social services in a patient-centered manner with the goals of improved health outcomes and more efficient and effective use of resources. The paper uses the following conceptual framework for advancing whole-person care:
- identify the target population
- provide patient-centered care
- coordinate services across sectors
- share data
- create financial flexibility
- engage collaborative leadership.
The paper describes several models of whole-person centered in the safety net nationally, including dual-eligible demonstrations, safety net accountable care organizations, accountable care communities. The insights from the review of these models include:
- development of coordinated systems requires collaboration between stakeholders and services across multiple sectors to provide person-centered care
- high-risk care management is frequently an entry point into whole-person care because high-risk individuals are often interacting with health, behavioral health, and social service systems
- flexible payment methods are a key facilitator for whole-person care
- approaches to whole-person care can be combined in mutually reinforcing manners, and can provide learning opportunities across whole-person care initiatives
- committed leadership matters tremendously, though it can come from different sectors.
The paper was funded by the Blue Shield of California Foundation.


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Hunters flock to Sante Fe, Argentina for a chance to shoot rosy-billed pochards, fulvous whistling ducks and other waterfowl species for
which the province is famous. Some unlucky ducks lie in the hunters' wake, but a
less obvious impact is the pollution
the hunters' bullets bring to the region. Current
estimates put the amount of lead introduced into Santa Fe's ecosystems every
year at 10 tons.
Lead within gunshot seeps into the
environment, contaminating soil, vegetation and wildlife. But things are
looking up for the duck season ahead. A new regulation demands that hunters cut
down their lead shot usage by 25 percent. The law is Argentina's first step
against lead pollution from gunshot, but WCS hopes it will not be the last.
"The government of Santa Fe has set an
admirable precedent in the reduction of lead ammunition in the province's
hunting grounds, a move that will benefit the region's people and wildlife,"
said Dr. Robert Cook, Executive Vice President and General Director of WCS's Living
Institutions. "We encourage other states and stakeholders to begin the same
January WCS researchers began taking a closer look at how this lead exposure affects
wildlife, which sometimes ingest lead pellets. The study examines the density
of lead within the bodies of ducks, living and dead, and within the wetlands
where hunting occurs. So far, the team has collected blood samples from 24 live
ducks and tissue samples from about 300 ducks that were killed by hunters. As
expected, preliminary results show significant levels of lead in the gizzards,
blood, and bones of the ducks tested.
vegetation, and soil samples from areas with and without hunting activity are
also part of the region-wide analysis. Lead, of course, is dangerous to humans,
too, and the research assesses the threats the lead ammunition potentially
poses to human health.
"This is a huge step forward," said
WCS's Dr. Marcela Uhart, the study's principal investigator. "We commend the
government of Santa Fe for acting on the preliminary results of our study. This
is the first such regulation in the country and, hopefully, it will serve as a
model for other provinces to emulate."
For more information, see the press release.


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A class that wraps a PointF representing a Polygon. The class members include:
- RectangleF Bounds
- float MinimumX
- float MaximumX
- float Minimum Y
- float Maximum Y
- int NumberOfPoints
- bool IsInBounds(PointF pt)
- bool Contains(PointF pt)
- PointF CenterPointOfBounds
- PointF CenterPoint // Not yet implemented
- decimal Area
IsInBounds returns true if the PointF is within the Rectangular Bounds of the Polygon. Contains returns true if the PointF is actually within the Polygon's borders.
The class includes both the PolygonF and Polygon classes. Polygon is identical to PolygonF except that it works with an array of Point objects and return ints instead of floats.
First introduced on the blog under Testing to see if a Point is within a Polygon.


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Animal-related tourism is big business. Many people are willing to pay money to take selfies with sloths, ride elephants, pet tigers, and walk with lions. Unfortunately, some of these ventures are unethical, requiring animals to live in abusive conditions or contributing to biodiversity loss.
On December 4 of last year, Patricia Maunder released an article on Traveller.com that lists seven animal-related tourist experiences that no one should ever do. These experiences have a high probability of being unethical, and paying for them drives the mistreatment of the animals involved. These seven experiences are:
- Elephant experiences, like riding and bathing elephants.
- Interacting with apex predators, such as cub petting and walking with lions.
- Holding wild animals, often for the purpose of taking selfies.
- Wild animal shows, AKA circuses that feature wild animals.
- Swimming with captive dolphins.
- Buying souvenirs that are made from wild animal parts.
- Eating bushmeat, which is meat from wild animals.
In her article, Maunder goes into considerable detail about the seven experiences listed above. She explains in which countries and continents they are most problematic, why they are often bad for animals, and how to distinguish ethical wildlife-related experiences from unethical ones.
All-in-all, Maunder's story is a great read: it is full of useful information, it is well-written, and it will help travelers to make good decisions about where to spend their money. Please, click the link below to read the original article. While you are at it, why not share Maunder's piece with any travelers you might know?


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Established during the Western Han Dynasty, a person in this position was the superintendent for all county-level officials who had a stipend in excess of 600 dàn (石) of rice (roughly 775 bushels by today's standards). He was also in charge of inspecting the ancient equivalent of post offices (邮驿) for the county. However, these post offices would have only delivered official government documents. Each Commandery was divided into a number of smaller counties; each of these counties was assigned a postal inspector. This position was abolished in the Tang Dynasty.
督邮 (simplified, Pinyin dūyóu, traditional 督郵)
- "督邮" (in Mandarin), Baidu on-line encyclopedia. URL accessed on 2008-08-26.
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.\\
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- * License: Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL)\\
- * Web site: _URL_
-
-==== Rodin environment for Event B ====
-
-Event-B is a formal method for system-level modelling and analysis. Key features of Event-B are the use of set theory as a modelling notation, the use of refinement to represent systems at different abstraction levels and the use of mathematical proof to verify consistency between refinement levels.
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-The Rodin Platform is an Eclipse-based IDE for Event-B that provides effective support for refinement and mathematical proof. The platform is open source, contributes to the Eclipse framework and is further extendable with plugins.
-
- * License: Eclipse Public License
- * Web site: _URL_
-
-==== ProR ====
-
-ProR is a tool for requirements engineering that supports the ReqIF 1.0.1 Standard natively. It is part of the Eclipse RMF project and is built for extensibility. ProR is the result of the European Union FP7 Research Project Deploy, where it is used to provide traceability between requirements and formal models.
-
- * License: Eclipse Public License
- * Web site: _URL_

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text:
Rolnictwo ekologiczne w Polsce
Ecological agriculture in Poland
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, 2008, vol., nr 69, s. 125-134
After Polish accession into the European Union and covering polish agriculture with Common Agricultural Policy, ecological agriculture benefits from financial aid realized within the confines of the Programme for Rural Development in the scope of agricultural and environmental programmes. As the result of the Programme realization dynamic development of ecological production has been noted, indicated by increasing number of ecological farms. The necessity of the research of economics and organization of production appeared. The aim of the article is approaching the state of polish economical agriculture development and economics of production in selected types of activity in ecological farms.


ngBindHtml directive
Sometimes, it might be necessary to bind a string of raw HTML. In this case, the ngBindHtml directive can be used in the same way as ngBind. The only difference will be that it does not escape the content in a secure way, which allows the browser to interpret it.
In order to use this directive, we will need the angular-sanitize.js dependency. It brings the ngBindHtml directive and protects the application against common cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.
var parking = angular.module("parking", []);
parking.controller("parkingCtrl", function($scope) {
$scope.appTitle = "Parking";
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text:
Let $V$ be a finite dimensional highest weight representation of a (semi)-simple Lie algebra. For each $n\ge 0$ take $a_n$ to be the dimension of the space of invariant tensors in $\otimes^n V$.
In certain cases there is a formula for $a_n$. For example, for $V$ the two dimensional representation of $sl(2)$ we get $a_n=0$ if $n$ is odd and for $n$ even we get the ubiquitous Catalan numbers. In general I don't expect a formula but the sequence does satisfy a linear recurrence relation with polynomial coefficients (known as D-finite).
For example, for the seven dimensional representation of $G_2$ this sequence starts:
1, 0, 1, 1, 4, 10, 35, 120, 455, 1792, 7413, 31780, 140833, 641928, _PHONE_, _PHONE_, 69902535, 346939792, _PHONE_, _PHONE_, 46484716684, 244187539270, 1297395375129, 6965930587924
for more background see _URL_
This satisfies the recurrence
Question How does one find these recurrence relations?
Then I also have a more challenging follow-up question. The space of invariant tensors in $\otimes^n V$ also has an action of the symmetric group $S_n$ and so a Frobenius character which is a symmetric function of degree $n$.
Question How does one calculate these symmetric functions?
I know these can be calculated using plethysms individually. I am hoping for something along the lines of the first question.
Further remarks David's answer solves the problem theoretically but I want to make some remarks about the practicalities. This is in case anyone wants to experiment and also because I believe there is a more efficient method.
The $sl(2)$ example can easily be extended. For the $n$-dimensional representation $a_k$ is the coefficient of $ut^k$ in
For the case $n=3$ see _URL_ and _URL_
I am not aware of any references for $n\ge 4$. I don't know if these are algebraic.
The limitation of this method is that there is a sum over the Weyl group. This means it is impractical to implement this method for $E_8$. For the adjoint representation of $E_8$ the start of the sequence is
1 0 1 1 5 16 79 _PHONE_ 19244 156612 _PHONE_ _PHONE_
(found using LiE)


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The most distinguishing feature of the front of Royal Bank notes is the inclusion of The Royal Bank of Scotland's first Governor, Lord Ilay (_PHONE_). Lord Ilay was the right-hand man in Scotland for Britain's first and longest running Prime Minister, Robert Walpole. He played an important part in establishing Scottish banking, being closely involved in the foundation of The Royal Bank of Scotland in 1727 (acting as its first governor for the next ten years) and also setting up the British Linen Company in 1746. He was noted for his support of the Scottish Universities and in particular for the encouragement he gave to the development of the Medical Schools in Edinburgh. The engraving of Lord Ilay used on the banknotes is based on the painting of him by Allan Ramsay which is in the collection of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. Lord Ilay's portrait also features as the watermark on the notes.
Other features include an original engraving used on earlier Royal Bank of Scotland banknotes, the facade of the Bank's Registered office at 36 St Andrew Square, Edinburgh, a representation of the ceiling of the banking hall there, the coat-of-arms of the Bank and the logo created for the Bank in 1969.
The individual Royal Bank notes incorporate (on the reverse) the following designs:
£1 note - Edinburgh Castle
The castle rock, rising 200 feet above Princes Street, has been a fortification since prehistoric times. The castle itself is steeped in antiquity and since the 11th Century has been closely linked with the history of Scotland. It was home to several Scottish monarchs and was the birthplace of King James VI (son of Mary, Queen of Scots) who became the first monarch of the United Kingdom in 1603.
The Royal Bank of Scotland have also issued special commemorative £1 notes (the European Summit in Edinburgh, December 1992; the centenary of the death of Robert Louis Stevenson in 1994; the 150th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Graham Bell in 1997; first meeting of the new Scottish Parliament in 1999).
£5 note - Culzean Castle
Situated on a cliff on the Ayrshire coast some eleven miles south of Ayr, it was formerly the seat of the Marquis of Ailsa. It is now one of the properties of the National Trust for Scotland and a well-known tourist attraction. The Eisenhower Suite was presented to Dwight D Eisenhower in recognition of his role as supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in World War II.
Commemorative £5 notes were issued to mark: the Queen's Golden Jubilee in 2002; the 250th Anniversary of the Royal & Ancient Golf Club in 2004; the quincentenary of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 2005; the golf career of three-times Open winner Jack Nicklaus 2005.
£10 note - Glamis Castle
Glamis Castle was reputedly the scene of Macbeth's murder of King Malcolm II in 1031. It is the seat of the Earl of Strathmore, whose ancestors were Deputy Governors of The Royal Bank of Scotland in its early days. Her Majesty the Queen Mother spent her early years there and Princess Margaret was born in the castle, the last member of the Royal Family to be born in Scotland.
£20 note - Brodick Castle
The only castle in the series not on the mainland of Scotland, Brodick Castle was the home from which the Dukes of Montrose held the Isle of Arran. Today the castle is administered by the National Trust for Scotland.
On 5th August 2000 the bank issued a commemorative £20 note to mark the 100th birthday of the late Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother.
£50 note - Inverness Castle
This note, issued on 14 September 2005, was added to the Ilay series exactly eighteen years after its launch in 1987. It is the first £50 note to be introduced by The Royal Bank of Scotland since 1727 and features an image of Inverness Castle on the reverse. This castle was chosen in recognition of Inverness becoming Scotland's fifth city in 2001. The bank's links with Inverness can be traced back to the 1820s when two of the Royal Bank's past constituents opened branches there.
£100 note - Balmoral Castle
A royal residence in Deeside, Balmoral was built in 1853 to replace an existing building. It was a great favourite of Queen Victoria and has provided successive Royal Families with a suitable location in which to enjoy periods of rest, relaxation and, above all, privacy.
The text above is reproduced by courtesy of The Royal Bank of Scotland. Further information about The Royal Bank's banknotes past and present is available on the Our Heritage pages of The Royal Bank's website.
Information on the Banknote Design features of Bank of Scotland and Clydesdale Bank appears elsewhere on this site.


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Activity indicators and progress indicators
Activity indicators and progress indicators show users that their BlackBerry devices are performing an action, such as searching for items or removing languages.
Use an activity indicator if you want to show that the BlackBerry device is working and you cannot determine the duration of the action. You can add an activity indicator to any component, such as a screen, text field, or list item. You can also add text to an activity indicator to describe the action.
Use a progress indicator if you can determine the duration of an action. Progress indicators include a label to indicate what the action is and a horizontal bar that fills from left to right as the action progresses. A percentage appears in the bar to indicate how much of the action is complete.
Best practice: Implementing activity indicators and progress indicators
- Always indicate progress when an action takes more than 2 seconds to complete.
- Use a progress indicator when you can determine the duration of an action.
- Use an activity indicator when you cannot determine the duration of an action.
- Provide useful progress information. For example, if users are downloading an application to their device, indicate the percentage of data that their BlackBerry device has downloaded. Be as accurate as possible with the progress information.
- Always allow users to use the End key to hide a progress indicator.
Guidelines for text
- Use a concise, descriptive text (for example, "Loading data" or "Building an application list").
- If an action is long and you want to communicate what is happening at each stage, provide text that describes each stage (for example, "Downloading" or "Installing").
- Use sentence case capitalization.


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healthy your Pug is and whether he has developed any health conditions that might impair his life expectancy.
They are considered to be in their prime between the ages of 1 and 7, afterwards, they are considered seniors dogs.
Dogs Similar to Pugs
In terms of size, there are some breeds similar to pugs:
Boston Terrier vs Pug
The Boston Terrier has a much slimmer appearance mainly because they are taller than pugs, and are slightly lighter too.
Boston Terriers size varies a bit. Bostons weigh between 4.5 to 11 kg (9.92 to 24.25 lbs) and they measure between 15 to 17 inches (38.1 to 43.2cm) in height.
Find out more about Boston Terriers here.
French Bulldog vs Pug
Both are very similar in height. Frenchies are slightly taller, between 11-13 inches (28-33 cm).
However, French Bulldogs weigh more than Pugs. On average, they weigh between 20 lb (9.1kg) to 28 lb (12.7kg).


trepctl check Command
The check command operates by running a CRC check on the schema or table specified, creating a temporary table containing the check data and values during the process. The data collected during this process is then written to a consistency table within the replication configuration schema and is used to verify the table data consistency on the Primary and the Replica.
Because the check operation is creating a temporary table containing a CRC of each row within the specified schema or specific table, the size of the temporary table created can be quite large as it consists of CRC and row count information for each row of each table (within the specified row limits). The configured directory used by MySQL for temporary table creation will need a suitable amount of space to hold the temporary data.