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In this post I'll describe a computational method for splitting two sides of a cell biological structure. It's a simple method that relies on principal component analysis, otherwise known as PCA. Like all things mathematical there are some great resources on the web, if you want to understand this operation in more detail (for example, this great post by Lior Pachter). PCA can applied to many biological problems, you've probably seen it used to find patterns in large data sets, e.g. from proteomic studies. It can also be useful for analysing microscopy data. Since our analysis using this method is unlikely to make it into print any time soon, I thought I'd put it up on Quantixed.
During mitosis, a cell forms a mitotic spindle to share copied chromosomes equally to the two new cells. Our lab is working on how this process works and how it goes wrong in cancer. The chromosomes attach to the spindle via kinetochores and during prometaphase they are moved to the middle of the cell. Here, the chromosomes are organised into a disc-like structure called the metaphase plate. The disc is thin in the direction of the spindle axis, but much larger in width and height. To examine the spatial distribution of kinetochores on the plate we wanted a way to approximately separate kinetochores on one side if the plate from the other.
Kinetochores can be easily detected in 3D confocal images of mitotic cells by particle analysis. Kinetochores are easily stained and appear as bright spots that a computer can pick out (we use Imaris for this). The cartesian coordinates of each detected kinetochore were saved as csv and fed into IgorPro. A procedure could then be run which works in three steps. The code is shown at the bottom, it is wrapped in further code that deals with multiple datasets from many cells/experiments etc. The three steps are:
- Analysis on each subset
I'll describe each step and how it works.
1. Principal component analysis
This is used to find the 3rd eigenvector, which can be used to define a plane passing through the centre of the plate. This plane is used for division.
Now, because the metaphase plate is a disc it has three dimensions, the third of which – "thickness" – is the smallest. PCA will find the principal component, i.e. the direction in which there is most variance. Orthogonal to that is the second biggest variance and orthogonal to that direction is the smallest. These directions are called eigenvectors and their magnitude is the eigenvalue. As there are three dimensions to the data we can get all three eigenvectors out and the 3rd eigenvector corresponds to thickness of the metaphase plate. Metaphase plates in cells grown on coverslips are orientated similarly, but the cells themselves are at random orientations. PCA takes no notice of this and can simply reveal the direction of the smallest dimension of a 3D structure. The movie shows this in action for a simulated data set. The black spots are arranged in a disk shape about the origin. They are rotated about x by 45° (the blue spots). We then run PCA and show the eigenvectors as unit vectors (red lines). The 3rd eigenvector is normal to the plane of division, i.e. the 1st and 2nd eigenvectors lie on the plane of division.
Also, the centroid needs to be defined. This is simply the cartesian coordinates for the average of each dimension. It is sometimes referred to as the mean vector. In the example this was the origin, in reality this will depend on the position and the overall height of the cell.
A much longer method to get the eigenvectors is to define the variance-covariance matrix (sometimes called the dispersion matrix) for each dimension, for all kinetochores and then do an eigenvector decomposition on the matrix. PCA is one command, whereas the matrix calculation would be an extra loop followed by an additional command.
The distance of each kinetochore to the plane that we defined is calculated. If it is a positive value then the kinetochore lies on the same side as the normal vector (defined above). If it is negative then it is on the other side. The maths behind how to do this are in section 10.3.1 of Geometric Tools for Computer Graphics by Schneider & Eberly (starting on p. 374). Google it, there is a PDF version on the web. I'll save you some time, you just need one equation that defines a plane,
Where the unit normal vector is [a b c] and a point on the plane is [x y z]. We'll use the coordinates of the centroid as a point on the plane to find d. Now that we know this, we can use a similar equation to find the distance of any point to the plane,
Results for each kinetochore are used to sort each side of the plane into separate waves for further calculation. In the movie below, the red dots and blue dots show the positions of the kinetochores on either side of the division plane. It's a bit of an optical illusion, but the cube is turning in a right hand fashion.
3. Analysis on each subset
Now that the data have been sorted, separate calculations can be carried out on each. In the example, we were interested in how the kinetochores were organised spatially and so we looked at the distance to nearest neighbour. This is done by finding the Euclidean distance from each kinetochore to every other kinetochore and putting the lowest value for each kinetochore into a new wave. However, this calculation can be anything you want. If there are further waves that specify other properties of the kinetochores, e.g. brightness, then these can be similarly processed here.
The code in its present form (not very streamlined) was fast and could be run on every cell from a number of experiments, reading out positional data for 10,000 kinetochores in ~2 s. For QC it is possible to display the two separated coordinated sets to check that the division worked fine (see above). The power of this method is that it doesn't rely on imaging spindle poles or anything else to work out the orientation of the metaphase plate. It works well for metaphase cells, but cells with any misaligned chromosomes ruin the calculation. It is possible to remove these and still fit the plane, but for our analysis we focused on cells at metaphase with a defined plate.
What else can it be used for?
Other structures in the cell can be segregated in a similar way. For example, the Golgi apparatus has a trans and a cis side, which could be similarly divided (although using the 2nd eigenvector as normal to the plane, rather than the 3rd).
Acknowledgements: I'd like to thank A.G. at WaveMetrics Inc. for encouraging me to try PCA rather than my dispersion matrix approach.
The post title comes from "Division Day" a great single by Elliott Smith.


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Females and males in the range of 5 to 10mm.
Slim and pale-coloured. Often found together with a silken nest, the'sac'. Identification of the relevant species is possible only on the basis of microscopic characters.
Cheiracanthium species are common in many parts of the world, including Europe. The species most likely to be responsible for a bite include: C. punctorium (Europe); C. mildei (Europe and N. America); C. inclusum (North, Central and South America); C. lawrencei (South Africa); and C. japonicum (Japan). Imported species are frequently associated with grapes.
Some species of the genus bite readily if their movements are restricted. Typically, the bite is sharp and painful, with pain, immediate and radiating, lasting for 30-45 mins, plus erythema and swelling. A wheal may develop, producing a necrotic area which can take 8 weeks to heal. Cheiracanthium lawrencei is said to be capable of causing cutaneous necrosis. Pain or numbness at the site of the bite may be followed by sweating and nausea lasting for up to 24 hours. After 48 hours, necrotic scar tissue may develop around the site of the bite (Newlands et al., 1980).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The 2007 Houston convention of the LCMS adopted Resolution 3-05: "To Provide Further Discussion and Guidance on the Matter of Serial Prayer. The resolution reads as follows:
WHEREAS, in 2004 Res. 3-06A, the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod commended for study "Guidelines for Participation in Civic Events," a report of the Commission on Theology and Church Relations (CTCR), "to help pastors, teachers, and church workers make decisions about participation in civic events" (2004 Proceedings, p. 131); and
WHEREAS, Congregations of the Synod have requested further clarification regarding serial prayer; therefore be it
RESOLVED, That the Synod in convention assign to the CTCR the task of providing further guidance for participation in civic events that includes the offering of serial prayer.
Has the CTCR provided "further guidance for participation in civic events that includes the offering of serial prayer"? I report; you decide!
At its December 11-13, 2008 meeting, the CTCR adopted the following response to this request by the Synod:
The Commission has carefully re-examined the discussion of "serial" or "seriatim prayers" on pages 19-20 of its report GUIDELINES FOR PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC EVENTS (April 2004). Although some "further clarification" may be possible in terms of applying the "conditions" discussed in this section of the report to various events and situations that have arisen in the past, it is impossible to provide specific guidance for any and all events that may arise in the future. We simply cannot anticipate the precise nature, purpose, or context of every occasion that may arise in the future or set forth specific parameters surrounding participation in these types of events beyond what is already stated in the 2004 report. Ultimately, this is a matter that requires the exercise of pastoral judgment at a particular time and place. When presented with such a situation, a pastor is, of course, urged to consult with other pastors and advisors for counsel with regard to how to respond to such requests within his particular context.
My question: has the CTCR fulfilled its task of providing "further guidance" in the matter of serial prayer at civic events? The answer obviously is in the negative.
The CTCR tells us that "pastoral judgment" is required. "Pastoral judgment" opens the door to open communion in many cases. Will "pastoral judgment" also open the door to allowing serial prayer? I will not be surprised if it does!
To demonstrate the confusion in our synod, here is the text of the CTCR's discussion of serial prayer on pages 19-20 of its 2004 report:
The members of the Commission disagree about the issue of so-called "serial" or "seriatim" prayers involving representatives of different religious (Christian and/or non-Christian) groups or churches. Some members of the Commission believe that under no circumstances is it permissible for LCMS pastors to participate in any type of an event in which various Christian and/or non-Christian leaders "take turns" offering prayers, holding that such an activity by its very nature constitutes "joint prayer and worship." The majority of the Commission believes that in some instances it may be possible and permissible for LCMS pastors to participate in such an event as long as certain conditions are met(e.g., when the purpose of the event in question is clearly and predominately civic in nature, and when it is conducted in such a way that does not correspond to the LCMS understanding of a "service."; when no restrictions are placed on the context of the Christian witness that may be given by the LCMS pastor; when a sincere effort is made by those involved to make it clear that those participating do not all share the same religious views concerning such issues as the nature of God, the way of salvation, and the nature of religious truth itself).
Has the CTCR fulfilled its assignment? Has the Yankee Stadium fiasco been condemned in any way or is it possible for a similar situation to again occur? In my humble opinion the problem of "serial prayer" has NOT been resolved! The CTCR itself as well as the synod are not of one voice on this very important matter.
It appears to me that the synod continues to dwell in utter confusion as to whether or not to participate in civic events that include "serial prayer."
Rev. Andrew Simcak, Jr., Houston, Texas
President, Texas Confessional Lutherans

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Matthias C Vogg
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BACKGROUND Planarian flatworms can regenerate their head, including a functional brain, within less than a week. Despite the enormous potential of these animals for medical research and regenerative medicine, the mechanisms of regeneration and the molecules involved remain largely unknown. RESULTS To identify genes that are differentially expressed during(More)
Tissue regeneration depends on proliferative cells and on cues that regulate cell division, differentiation, patterning and the restriction of these processes once regeneration is complete. In planarians, flatworms with high regenerative potential, muscle cells express some of these instructive cues. Here, we show that members of the integrin family of(More)
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Artsonia is a kids art museum where young artists and students display their art for other kids worldwide to view. This gallery displays schools and student art projects in our museum and offer exciting lesson plan art project ideas.
PROJECT: Quest Artists: MS: A Painter's World - The goal for this lesson was to study a painting and recreate it in a three-dimensional model, applying the artists' painting technique and color palette.
Pure Reiki Healing - Boite a Bisous - Amazing Secret Discovered by Middle-Aged Construction Worker Releases Healing Energy Through The Palm of His Hands. Cures Diseases and Ailments Just By Touching Them. And Even Heals People Over Vast Distances.


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Effect of proximity to a cattle feedlot on Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of leafy greens and evaluation of the potential for airborne transmission.
- Additional Document Info
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The impact of proximity to a beef cattle feedlot on Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of leafy greens was examined. In each of 2 years, leafy greens were planted in nine plots located 60, 120, and 180 m from a cattle feedlot (3 plots at each distance). Leafy greens (270) and feedlot manure samples (100) were collected six different times from June to September in each year. Both E. coli O157:H7 and total E. coli bacteria were recovered from leafy greens at all plot distances. E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from 3.5% of leafy green samples per plot at 60 m, which was higher (P < 0.05) than the 1.8% of positive samples per plot at 180 m, indicating a decrease in contamination as distance from the feedlot was increased. Although E. coli O157:H7 was not recovered from air samples at any distance, total E. coli was recovered from air samples at the feedlot edge and all plot distances, indicating that airborne transport of the pathogen can occur. Results suggest that risk for airborne transport of E. coli O157:H7 from cattle production is increased when cattle pen surfaces are very dry and when this situation is combined with cattle management or cattle behaviors that generate airborne dust. Current leafy green field distance guidelines of 120 m (400 feet) may not be adequate to limit the transmission of E. coli O157:H7 to produce crops planted near concentrated animal feeding operations. Additional research is needed to determine safe set-back distances between cattle feedlots and crop production that will reduce fresh produce contamination.
author list (cited authors)
Berry, E. D., Wells, J. E., Bono, J. L., Woodbury, B. L., Kalchayanand, N., Norman, K. N., ... Millner, P. D.
complete list of authors
Berry, Elaine D||Wells, James E||Bono, James L||Woodbury, Bryan L||Kalchayanand, Norasak||Norman, Keri N||Suslow, Trevor V||López-Velasco, Gabriela||Millner, Patricia D
editor list (cited editors)


There are a variety of methods to achieve adaptation but I looked at the most standard model, called von Kries's model or the chromatic adaptation transform. The underlying principle is that in order to change the apparent illumination of a photo, we need to excite the same LMS cone responses in the eye as with our desired illuminant. Typically, we assume that this is possible with a diagonal scaling of the axes after a transformation from XYZ to a space that more resembles the LMS cone space. In other words, once we're in the right space, we simply need to divide out our estimated illuminant and apply our desired illuminant separately for each channel. In matrix form this is represented as:
The choice of the transformation matrix, MA, is the subject of research [1]. It can be optimized to a variety of criteria, such as mean ΔEab or statistical distribution testing [5]. In any case, the goal here is to implement these different transformations and to gain some intuition about their performance.
Our desired lighting is the D65 CIE standard illuminant, which represents spectrum of the sun at mid-day. This is the white point for the sRGB color space that most monitors are calibrated for.
The available transforms are:
 - von Kries
 - Bradford
 - Sharp - based on sharpened sensors, min. XYZ errors
 - CMCCAT2000 - fitted from all available color data sets
 - CAT02 - optimized for minimizing CIELAB differences
 - XYZ
Implementation: cbCAT.m
function outMat = cbCAT(xyz_est,xyz_target,type) %outMat = cbCAT(xyz_est,xyz_target,type) % Chromatic adaptation transform via von Kries's method. % type chooses the LMS-like space to apply scaling in, valid options: % 'vonKries', 'bradford','sharp', 'cmccat2000', 'cat02', 'xyz' % See _URL_
 1. Set up transformation matrices. % the following are mostly taken from S. Bianco. "Two New von Kries Based % Chromatic Adapatation Transforms Found by Numerical Optimization." if strcmpi(type,'vonKries') %Hunt-Pointer-Estevez normalized to D65 xfm = [.40024.7076 -.08081; -.2263 1.16532 0.0457; 0 0.91822]; elseif strcmpi(type,'bradford') xfm = [.8951.2664 -.1614; -.7502 1.7135 0.0367; 0.0389 -0.0685 1.0296]; elseif strcmpi(type,'sharp') xfm = [1.2694 -.0988 -.1706; -.8364 1.8006 0.0357; 0.0297 -0.0315 1.0018]; elseif strcmpi(type,'cmccat2000') xfm = [.7982.3389 -.1371; -.5918 1.5512 0.0406; 0.0008 0.239 0.9753]; elseif strcmpi(type,'cat02') xfm = [0.7328 0.4296 -.1624; -.7036 1.6975 0.0061; 0.0030 0.0136 0.9834]; else xfm = eye(3); end
 2. Compute diagonal scalings from the estimated illuminant XYZ and D65 XYZ. gain = (xfm*xyz_target)./(xfm*xyz_est);
 3. Create the matrix M, then include transformations from sRGB to XYZ and back. outMat = xfm\(diag(gain)*xfm); sRGBtoXYZ = [0._PHONE_ 0._PHONE_ 0._PHONE_;... 0._PHONE_ 0._PHONE_ 0._PHONE_;... 0._PHONE_ 0._PHONE_ 0._PHONE_]; outMat = inv(sRGBtoXYZ)*outMat*sRGBtoXYZ;
Gray World
The difference between CAT spaces is subtle. XYZ seems to produce a more saturated output. I think it's very difficult to judge which space is the most accurate and as far as my eye is concerned, it's a complete toss-up.
Robust Auto White-Balance with CAT
Sensor Correlation


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By >DigInfo TV
NICT demonstrate Wireless Charging Using A Flexible 2D Communication Sheet
The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology demonstrated an efficient wireless power transmission system using a two-dimensional communication device at Wireless Japan 2011.
This system allows devices to be wirelessly charged as well as transmit data when placed on the conductive sheet. In this demonstration they showed that they can concentrate the power transmission to single points on the sheet, activating devices individually and enhancing the power transmission efficiency.
"When a 2.4Ghz high frequency signal is transmitted through the sheet, it becomes a wireless conductive object. The structure of the sheet is such that it captures electromagnetic waves within the sheet, and has the characteristics of being able to conduct electricity and perform communications."
To strengthen the efficiency of the power supply, instead of spreading the electromagnetic waves evenly throughout the sheet, they concentrate them on a single point by controlling the phase of the input electrode array. This forces the electromagnetic wave to converge on a specific area of the sheet.
"We emit a pilot signal and measure the direction of the signal to estimate the position, and we focus on that position."
"The conversion efficiency of the main element is around 40%, so it is not something that sends a large charge, but rather we think of it as a small charge that is broadly dispersed around the sheet. Ideally we think it should receive power of around 1W."
In the future, NICT plan to create this sheet from a soft fabric which could be worn, creating a network or 'surface LAN', providing for an unprecedented communications format and range.
This Video is provided to you by DigInfo.tv, AkihabaraNews Official Partner.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Developments in digital video recording technology make the video imagery tools more popular for velocity measurement in water flows. This has especially been of large interest due to its inherent advantage of non-contact nature which is quite handy in extreme flow conditions. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) and Large Scale Particle Tracking Velocimetry (LSPTV) are applied to free surface channel flow for water surface velocity measurement. Experiments are conducted to measure either a single point velocity applying PTV or velocity profiles across the channel width applying PIV on the water surface in a rectang typical velocities of nearly 1 andular tilting flume for various flow conditions. Technical issues regarding tracer particle size and type, travel distance, lighting, recording speed, camera position, image distortion and state of flow are discussed. Measured data is compared to computational results obtained from a numerical model involving a non-linear turbulence model capable of predicting turbulence driven secondary flows. Confirmation of reasonable match between computational and experimental results whereby applying mutual collaboration of them for discharge measurement has been attested. In addition to discharge, boundary roughness has also been predicted as an outcome of the numerical solution. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


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Response surface methodology and central composite design for K = 3 was used to study the combined effect of blanching time (0–12 min), soaking time (0–24 h) and sodium hexametaphosphate [(NaPO3)6] salt concentration (0–1%) on moisture, ash, leached solids, phytates, tannins and hardness (texture) of cowpeas during canning. Regression models were developed to predict the effects of variables on the studied indices. Blanching, soaking and salt concentration all had significant positive effects on moisture content, ash content, leached solids, phytates, tannins and hardness of the canned cowpeas with significant interaction between all the factors with high regression coefficients (72.0–91.4%). The use of blanching and soaking prior to canning led to increasing moisture content and leached solids while significant decreases were observed for phytates, tannins and hardness of the canned cowpeas. Addition of sodium hexametaphosphate salt during soaking also caused significant (p 6 0.05) decreases in phytates, tannins and the hardness of the seeds. The combination of blanching, soaking and sodium hexametaphosphate salt can therefore be used to retain the mineral content of cowpeas during canning while reducing the anti-nutritional factors and the hardness of the canned cowpeas with acceptable product quality characteristics.
- Response surface methodology,
- Sodium hexametaphosphate salt,
- Nutritional and anti-nutritional factors
Available at: _URL_


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. Teach them how to pick something out of a group, swim through mazes and even play fetch! There are training kits that can be found online.
19. Are You a Boy or a Girl?
Female goldfish are known to be chubbier and boys are thinner and have longer and more angular pectoral fins. A female's vent will be more prominent. You can find the vent on the underside of the goldfish.
During mating season, the male will grow breeding stars and that makes it easier to tell. During normal months, you can find white pimply like growths on the male's gills.
20. The Mozart of the Tank
These fish are musically talented. They can recognize different symphonies just like us with regular training.
You can test this on your goldfish. They are easily trained, despite having a sheet of glass between you. A study in Japan proved that goldfish have the ability to distinguish the difference between the music of Stravinsky and Bach.
I don't know about you, but I sure can't. It's quite impressive how much these fish can learn.
So what have we learned? Goldfish live long, they're easy to train, they eat anything smaller than their mouths and they hibernate and can change color. Who knew that goldfish, such unassuming little creatures could be so fascinating?


a comparison, shown as a ratio, of the quantity of types to the quantity of tokens in a specific communication. The type-token ratio is utilized in language studies and analyses to evaluate a person's verbal diversification.
TYPE-TOKEN RATIO (TTR): "The larger the amount of tokens in a type-token ratio, the higher the index, and thus, the larger the diversification."
Cite this page: N., Pam M.S., "TYPE-TOKEN RATIO (TTR)," in PsychologyDictionary.org, April 29, 2013, _URL_ (accessed August 5, 2021).


Floors are all walkable surfaces in a building, and ceilings are all surfaces above us.
When considering the thermal insulation of floors and ceilings, we must take into account their position and intended use.
We must take into account the transmittance of sound through floors and ceilings, and identify the wall's cold and heated side. All of the above determines the appropriate sequence of layers to ensure a balanced moisture transmission. This is all the more important in heated spaces that border either on cold spaces or the surrounding, as well as in permanently cooled spaces (cooling units), where temperature must be kept constantly low.


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I am looking for a way to expand a complicate expression like the follow
(A o B + C o (DxE))*(D o (ExF) - ExA + A)
Here o and x are the operator. I want to expand it so to have it simplified as $$\sum_{n,m} G(f_n, g_m)$$
where G stands for operation (either o or x) of any variable $f_n$ and $g_m$, for example, $G(A, B)$ could be $A \,o\, B$ or $A \, \times\, B$.
Also, o is commutable but x not, i.e. A o B = B o A, but A x B = - B x A. I am looking for a way to deal with any operator but up to now, for simplification, we could take o and x as dot product and cross product for real vector.
After expanding the expression in above form, I would like to regulate each term so the number (coefficient) placed ahead of the vector. For example,
(p+aq)x(p+bq) => pxp + px(bq) + (aq)xp + (aq)x(bq) => pxp + b*(pxq) + a*(qxp) + (a*b)*(qxq)
where p and q are vectors, and a, b are numbers.
share|improve this question
1
You've seen Distribute[] already? – Ｊ. Ｍ. Apr 25 at 16:59

Thanks for your reply. I tried that, it helps to expand the expression partially. What I mean is ... for example, consider an expression of dot and cross products. (p+aq)x(p+bq), where p and q are vectors and a, b are number. Distribute expands the expression as pxp + px(bq) + (aq)xp + (aq)x(bq). But it wonder further simply that to eliminate pxp and aqxbq. Is that any way to do that or to regulate the resulting terms such that each terms will be of the form c*v1xv2 or c*v1.v2 or c*v1, that is, make the coefficient ahead of the vector. Thanks. – user1285419 Apr 25 at 19:51

You might find some ideas at mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/23423/…. – whuber Apr 25 at 20:16

Thanks. That works for Cross[vec[x], a vec[y]], Cross[a vec[x], vec[y]] but not Cross[a vec[x], b vec[y]] – user1285419 Apr 25 at 20:25
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text:
Background: Extrapyramidal signs (EPSs), which are important characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD), occur frequently in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although AD and PD share common clinical features such as EPSs, these diseases vary with respect to vascular risk factors. The presence of vascular risk factors increases the risk of AD; however, these factors have been known to be inversely associated with PD. We aimed to assess the effect of vascular risk factors and white matter lesions (WMLs) on EPSs in AD.
Methods: We recruited 1,187 AD patients and 333 controls with neither cognitive impairment nor EPSs. All participants underwent detailed clinical evaluations which included assessments of vascular risk factors, cognitive function, and EPSs, as well as WMLs on brain MRIs. EPS subtypes were classified into tremor-dominant, postural instability gait difficulty, or indeterminate; WMLs subtypes were classified into periventricular WML (pvWML) or deep WML (dWML).
Results: EPSs were present in 17.9% of subjects with AD and were significantly associated with vascular risk factors such as age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, and WMLs. Additionally, a multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that EPSs in AD were associated with pvWML (odds ratio (OR), 1.61–2.52), not with dWML. With respect to EPS subtypes, the majority (78.4%) of EPSs in AD were postural instability gait difficulty, which was also associated with WMLs (OR 1.84–2.41), pvWML (OR 2.09–3.14), and dWML (OR 1.83–3.42).
Conclusions: EPSs in AD are associated with selected vascular risk factors as well as WMLs.


limonite processing
How many methods of refractory limonite processing are?
2021-07-12 XinHai Views (338)
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Limonite is a weak magnetic mineral, as refractory iron ore. It doesn't have obvious differences in density, magnetism, and floatability. Limonite has the characteristics of unfixed chemical composition, unstable iron content, a huge change of water content, and easy to over-crush in the crushing and grinding stage. In this passage, let's learn about the common processing methods of refractory iron ores.
limonite processing
01Enhanced desliming – verse flotation technology
Single flotation has characteristics of simple technology flow and good recovery effect of micro-fine limonite ore. However, limonite is very to slime, which seriously influences the effect of flotation. Therefore, enhanced desliming or scattered slime is very important. Besides, verse flotation is more suitable for limonite purification. Limonite particles are the crystallization in osteoporosis. The specific surface area is large, which is easy to adsorb and consume agents. Dosing in small amounts several times and processing several times is suitable.
The technology of enhanced desliming – doing in small amounts several times and flotation several times uses new high-efficiency cationic flotation agents. With the coordination of high-efficiency desliming measures and dispersant, multi-level extraction can extract difficult limonite ores.
limonite processing
02Stage-grinding – Verse flotation technology
For limonite ore that has a close symbiosis relationship between iron-bearing minerals and gangue minerals, and has a finer grain size, the stage grinding-reverse flotation process can be used for separation.
On the one hand, a part of qualified concentrate can be obtained in the case of coarse grinding, and the useful minerals remaining in the rich tailings need to be re-grinded and re-selected before they can be recovered. On the other hand, because limonite ore has the characteristics of complex ore structure, finer grain size, and large mud water content, choosing the reverse flotation process to increase iron and reduce silicon can achieve a better separation effect.
03Improved dispersion – strong magnetic separation
For limonite ores with large magnetic differences between useful minerals and gangue minerals, ideal separation indexes can be obtained by magnetic separation methods. In the grinding process of raw ore, adding dispersants such as sodium carbonate and water glass to strengthen the dispersion of ore pulp is a key technology to improve the separation efficiency of magnetic separation. For the weak and medium-magnetic limonite, strong magnetic separation can be used to recover it, but it is still important to strengthen the dispersion of the sludge before magnetic separation.
limonite processing
04Improved classification – coarse magnetic separation – fine flocculation magnetic separation
For low-grade fine-grained limonite, although fine grinding can improve the grade of the concentrate, it will also produce the phenomenon of over-grinding and sludge, resulting in a low concentrate recovery rate.
The enhanced classification-coarse-grain magnetic separation-fine-grain flocculation magnetic separation process can better recover the fine-grained iron minerals slushed in the grinding process and improve the recovery rate of the concentrate. The key to the implementation of this process lies in selective dispersion, control of flocculation conditions, and separation conditions of the magnetic separator (such as feed concentration, magnetic field strength, and flushing water, etc.).
05Gravity separation - strong magnetic separation - oxidation roasting - weak magnetic separation process
For the harmful impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, lead, zinc, and another compound, the number of impurities is still high through reduction roasting. Therefore, in the reduction roasting process, adding other agents (such as chlorinating agents) can reduce the content of harmful impurities, thereby obtaining qualified iron ore concentrates.
06Improved classification – gravity separation – verse flotation technology
Limonite is a suitable mineral, which will be siltified in the process of crushing, grinding, transportation and mixing. At the same time, iron-containing minerals and gangue minerals have a close symbiosis relationship. If the monomer is dissociated, it will inevitably lead to over-grinding and the phenomenon of fine mud. The enhanced classification-gravity separation-reverse flotation process can overcome the current problems of poor control of limonite beneficiation and grinding fineness, large metal loss during desliming, and low concentrate grade.
limonite processing
The above are several common beneficiation methods for refractory limonite. Although limonite is more difficult to be selected, the comprehensive utilization value of choosing a suitable beneficiation method is also considerable. In order to effectively select a suitable beneficiation method, the editor recommends that you first find a professional beneficiation manufacturer to conduct a beneficiation test analysis on the mineral properties of the limonite, and then customize the limonite beneficiation process that meets the actual situation based on the analysis results.
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text:
Over the past few weeks I've been working in an Excel file that contains many worksheets. Switching back and forth between worksheets using the scroll buttons has been nothing less than annoying. Then I remembered the hand dandy feature of Excel that lets you see a list of all worksheets. All you need to do is right one of the scroll buttons and a list of worksheets appear. Selecting one of the worksheets takes you right to that tab.
Now not everyone who opens the spreadsheet knows about this feature. When you share an Excel file with others, it would be nice if it could include a table of contents or index of worksheets. It is possible to do in Excel but requires a few steps.
- Open your Excel file.
- Insert a new worksheet at the beginning of the workbook. To do this, right click the first worksheet and click Insert. Select worksheet and click OK.
- Right click the new worksheet and click Rename. Type Index as the name and press Enter.
- Click the Tools menu, point to Macros, and click Visual Basic Editor.
- Click the Index worksheet and from the View menu click Code.
- Paste the following code in:
Private Sub Worksheet_Activate()
Dim wSheet As Worksheet
Dim l As Long
l = 1
.Cells(1, 1) = "INDEX"
.Cells(1, 1).Name = "Index"
For Each wSheet In Worksheets
If wSheet.Name <> Me.Name Then
l = l + 1
.Range("A1").Name = "Start_" & wSheet.Index
.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=.Range("A1″), Address:="", _
SubAddress:="Index", TextToDisplay:="Back to Index"
Me.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=Me.Cells(l, 1), Address:="", _
SubAddress:="Start_" & wSheet.Index, TextToDisplay:=wSheet.Name
Click the top right X to get back to Excel, and then save the Excel workbook.
When you reopen the workbook, the index should be listed with links to all the worksheets.


text:
Washington County Water Conservancy District prepares a wide variety of reports, plans and agreements to keep water users informed about water supplies, projects and management. Click on a title below to view the full report.
- Virgin River Master Plan 2007 Reach recommendation
- Reach recommendations
- Virgin Report
- Virgin River Watershed Management Plan February 2006
- Virgin River Watershed Management Plan 2005
- Virgin River TMDL 2004
- Virgin River TMDL Appendix B
- Virgin River Management Plan 1998
- Draft Virgin River Stability Study Update
The Washington County Water Conservancy District published a history book in 2017 entitled Ditches, Diversion and Dam Determination. It is a history of water development in Washington County, Utah that goes back to the early settlers of Washington County and takes a look at the struggles they endured to bring water to their homes, land and livestock. The book also presents a history of current-day water development projects beginning with the construction of the Quail Creek Reservoir. The last part of the book explains some of the future water projects in the planning stages that will continue to provide sufficient, high-quality water to our area.
The book consists of 372 pages of text and photos. The cost of the book is $50. It can be purchased at the district office at 533 E Waterworks Drive in St. George, Utah.
Lake Powell Pipeline Studies
Draft studies submitted to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) are available here.
Additional federal and state references that may be of interest:
- The Cost of Water in Utah
- How Utah Works: An overview of sources, uses, funding and pricing
- Utah's Water Resources: Planning for the Future
- Municipal and Industrial Water Use in Utah
- Residential Water Use
- Utah's Water History
- Colorado River Compact
- Clean Water Act
- Endangered Species Act
- Safe Drinking Water Act
- Sales and Use Tax Allocations for Water Resources Funding


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New Report Prescribes Strong Growth For Debugging Software Market
At the same time, we classify different Debugging Software based on their definitions. Upstream raw materials, equipment and downstream consumers analysis is also carried out. What is more, the Debugging Software industry development trends and marketing channels are analyzed.
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Key players in global Debugging Software market include:
Chrome DevTools
Flipboard FLEX
Market segmentation, by product types:
Cloud Based
Web Based
Market segmentation, by applications:
Large Enterprises
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Market segmentation, by regions:
North America
Asia Pacific
Middle East & Africa
Latin America
The report can answer the following questions:
2. Who are the global key manufacturers of Debugging Software industry? How are their operating situation (capacity, production, price, cost, gross and revenue)?
3. What are the types and applications of Debugging Software? What is the market share of each type and application?
4. What are the upstream raw materials and manufacturing equipment of Debugging Software? What is the manufacturing process of Debugging Software?
5. Economic impact on Debugging Software industry and development trend of Debugging Software industry.
6. What will the Debugging Software market size and the growth rate be in 2024?
7. What are the key factors driving the global Debugging Software industry?
8. What are the key market trends impacting the growth of the Debugging Software market?
9. What are the Debugging Software market challenges to market growth?
10. What are the Debugging Software market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the global Debugging Software market?
Objective of Studies:
1. To provide detailed analysis of the market structure along with forecast of the various segments and sub-segments of the global Debugging Software market.
2. To provide insights about factors affecting the market growth. To analyze the Debugging Software market based on various factorsprice analysis, supply chain analysis, Porte five force analysis etc.
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focus in the console, and vice versa.
 5. In the debug view, the basic entities should automatically be part of a first "default group". This group could be collapsed or even hidden, but cannot be modified. This makes the debug entities always available to be added to different groups.
 6. A debug entity can be part of different groups at the same time, just like for PTC sets.
 - When an entity is part of multiple groups, the expansion/selection should be done for the instance that the user is currently focused on. If a thread stops and the user was looking at it, that is the one that should expand. If a threads stops and is part of a group that the user was looking, that is the one that should expand.
 7. Predefined hardware related groups (from HW definitions) shall be possible to use in the GUI.
 - Groups can be specified from some configuration file. For example a project could provide a list of pre-defined groups. This applies to static concepts such as cores, but not threads.
 8. Groups should somehow be persisted across debug sessions.
 1. If the content of a group is not available when the new debug session is started, we could let the group fill itself gradually as things appear.
 2. If things disappear (e.g., threads) the group will continue to exist with a smaller content.
 3. Persistence should be per launch.
 4. Need support for import/export.
Synchronous operations
CDT should support the concept of synchronous operations. Synchronous operations have the following requirements:
 1. Start, stop, step any number of debug entities (e.g, cores) synchronously
 2. For step, next, finish operations only, one entity (e.g., core) acts as "group leader", defining the stop condition for the operation. All other entities execute the same number of cycles/instructions. The leader should be the one for which the source code is in focus, i.e. the source code that the user wants to step. E.g., -exec-next --synchronous --thread 6, should step thread 6 and all other threads in the ptc set based on when thread 6 really stops. Note that step, next, finish operations are only allowed when a thread/stack frame is selected.
 3. Need for an option to decide if the threads should be synchronized with the others of the group, or should not. This option could be shown in the Debug view using the little icon of a chain to show that the group has the synchronized option enabled (they are linked together). What we hope for is to be able to click on the chain icon directly in the debug view instead of having a context menu or a toolbar menu.
 4. When selecting an element (e.g., thread) within a group and doing an operation (e.g., step) we can do two things:
 1. step the entire group with the selected thread as the leader (sync option on)
 2. only step the selected thread leaving others stopped (sync option off)
 5. In non-stop mode, if there are threads running in a group, allow the synchronous operation and we let the backend filter the running threads out of the command, or let the backend decide what it wants to do (e.g., like an error). CDT must allow performing the operation even though there are some elements running.
 6. We should have soft groups based on multi-selection, where the user could select multiple elements and then the operation would apply to only those elements. To select the leader in this case, it could be the last element that was selected; the leader should be indicated in a different color within the selection. Potentially using an Alt-key modifier would provide a way to add things to a soft-group without changing the selected leader
Enhancements to Register view
The register view is currently limited and does not lend itself well to multi-core debugging. Below are some requirements for the Registers view.
 1. Need for filtering. Registers shown should be controlled using regular expressions
 2. The view should have two modes:
 - Showing the content of the real registers (i.e., top stack frame)
 - Showing the content of the real registers (i.e., top stack frame) and also show the value of each register that was pushed on the stack, kind of like a stack frame display, or a hover, or …
 3. Symbol matching on pointer registers, so if a register points to a variable/symbol, the view will show the name of the symbol.
 4. Compact presentation of registers to save space.
 - This could use a multi-column display to have the list of registers be in a 'square-type' display instead of a long list.
 5. If supported by GDB, Eclipse should make use of MI commands that read/write multiple registers in single operation for better performance.
 6. Different display format for each entry
 7. Bit registers should be shown with their different parts, even with a hover to show what each part affects
Pin & Clone
Pin and Clone is a new feature of CDT which allows to 'clone' the different debugging views and 'pin' or 'lock' each one of them to a particular context. This allows looking at the data of different debugging contexts at the same time.
 1. It should be possible to pin to a specific core/thread/current-thread
 2. In the Expressions view, a different approach could also be used. We could use a 'path' to define the context of an expression. For example'myvar' would be for the current selected thread/frame, but 'thread2/frame0/myvar' would refer to 'myvar' for thread 2 and frame 0, no matter what the current selection was. This could be way to pin a single expression instead of pinning an entire view. The path should allow for the chip to be specified.
Enhancements to the Expressions View
 1. The Expressions view can currently be used to show registers. It would be nice to be able to use regular expressions in the Expressions view to help create many entries. For example, 'r*' would create an entry for all the registers that start with 'r'. To support this, the regular expression would need to specify the type of the entities to be created, e.g., registers, variables; Eclipse could then use the entire list of registers or current variables to find the ones that match the regular expression.
 2. Import/Export of expressions
 3. Different display format for each entry
 4. Symbol matching for an expression
Enhancements to the Memory View
CDT currently offers two memory views: the standard Eclipse Memory view and a simpler Memory Browser. The requirements below could apply to one or both of these views, depending on what makes more sense.
 1. Concept of 'memory regions'
 - For example: the current stack, some protected memory regions, the legal stack space, some hardware circular buffers, etc. These regions can be shown in the memory view: One way to show it is to have a colored line over the region; having such a line allows multiple regions that overlap to still have their corresponding line be shown, one on top of the other. The real requirement is to be able to distinguish between such overlapping regions. These regions will need to be defined somehow, some from hardware for example.
 - If we want to have user-program-defined regions, like circular buffers, this may also require user-definitions. Regions could also be defined by the user based on different variables of the program. For example showing a region that describes an array, and showing the visual cue for the index variable passing through the array.
 2. Visual cues for different aspect of the data.
 - show such things as the start and end of the stack.
 - show where registers point within the memory. This does not mean that any register that happens to point to memory should be shown. Instead we want to show the registers that are meant to point to memory, such as the stack pointer register. The list of such register is target-specific
 - show memory regions
 - Showing where user-selected variables point to. If a variable is selected in variables view, the memory view would highlight the corresponding region.
 3. Context-menu for variables that allows to choose in which memory it should be shown. The existing "View Memory" could have a sub-menu listing the different memory spaces which the user can choose from
 4. Support for different physical memories with the same addresses. There must be a way to tell which memory to look at when showing the memory view. To support different memory spaces (logical or physical) the memory view will need to indicate which memory is being shown. The logical memory spaces would be provided from the backend (most probably statically).
 5. Memory views showing different memories could have different background shades of color, to make it easier to distinguish the different memories. Colors should be automatically assigned based on the configuration of the memories
 6. Multiple memory ranges within the same address space should be possible to display. Although this can currently be done using multiple memory views, it would be nice to be able to show multiple ranges in the same view, with a visual divider. This is for space efficiency.
Breakpoint enhancements
The breakpoint handling in the CDT (and Eclipse in general) is currently very limited. The Breakpoints view has recently been enhanced to allow for a richer set of features, which are not yet being used by the CDT. Below is a list


Cathy Wield, daughter of a British diplomat, lived most of her childhood overseas but was educated at boarding school in the UK.
She married Phil during her medical training. After qualifying as a doctor, she chose to stay at home to raise her 4 children, until she role swapped with Phil to start her medical career.
She became an Emergency Physician but also has experience in Psychiatry. Her medical career was interrupted twice by mental illness.
The first episode was prolonged and severe and culminated in brain surgery. Her sudden, complete and miraculous recovery astonished the medical profession. She returned to work and became a passionate anti-stigma campaigner. This led to her first book, 'Life After Darkness; a doctor's journey through severe depression' (Radcliffe, 2006).
A relapse spurred her on to write 'A Thorn In My Mind: mental illness, stigma and the church' (Instant Apostle 2011).
Cathy re-discovered the joys of creative writing while living in Denver, Colorado and now runs workshops using the 'free writing' technique. She continues to combine her medical career with her passion for wellbeing through writing and speaking on these important subjects.


C# String Remove Method
In c#, the string Remove method is used to delete characters in the string starting from the specified position and continues to the end of the string.

If we want to delete a particular length of substring, then we need to specify the starting position and length of characters to delete from the given string.

Following is the pictorial representation of using the string Remove() method to delete characters from the string based on the defined starting position in the c# programming language.

C# String Remove Method Representation Diagram

If you observe the above diagram, we removed all the characters from the defined string "Welcome to Tutlane", starting from position 5 using the Remove method.
C# String Remove Method Syntax
Following is the syntax of defining a string Remove method to remove the characters starting from the defined position in a given string.

public string Remove(int startIndex)
public string Remove(int startIndex, int length)
If you observe syntaxes, the first syntax is used to delete all the string characters, starting from the defined position (startIndex). The second syntax is used to delete the particular length of a substring by defining the starting position and length of characters.
C# String Remove Method Example
Following is the example of using a string Remove() method to delete characters in string based on the defined position in c# programming language.

using System;
namespace Tutlane
{
 class Program
 {
 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
 string msg = "Welcome to Tutlane";
 Console.WriteLine("Remove Result: {0}", msg.Remove(5));
 Console.WriteLine("Remove with Length: {0}", msg.Remove(3, 7));
 Console.WriteLine("\nPress Enter Key to Exit..");
 Console.ReadLine();
 }
 }
}
If you observe the above example, we used a string Remove() method to remove characters starting from position 5 till the end of the defined string and another Remove() method to delete 7 characters starting from position 3.

When you execute the above c# program, you will get the result as shown below.

C# String Remove Method Example Result

If you observe the above result, the string Remove() method has deleted characters based on the defined positions and returned the remaining string characters.

This is how you can use the string Remove() method to delete the required characters from the given string based on the defined position in the c# programming language.


Between the Lines Book Club: Race in My Antonia
between the lines book club logoWelcome to Between the Lines Book Club! Our book this month is My Antonia, by Willa Cather. We'll be meeting to discuss the book on September 22, 2018, at Arden Dimick Library, at 10:30AM.
Most of the characters in My Antonia are "other" in some way. The Shimerda's are strange to the Burden family, with their outpourings of emotion and their dried mushrooms. The Hired Girls all come from recent immigrant families, and are both admired and shunned by the area's more well-established residents.
In Book 2, Chapter 7, Jim meets a blind, Black piano player, known as Blind d'Arnault. Jim admires d'Arnaults's independence (he "refuses to be led") and his musical ability. However, despite expressing admiration for d'Arnault, Jim describes him in racist and stereotypical terms.
This led me to think of the following questions:
1. How can we read between the lines, and how much does Cather intend for us to do so? Does Martha hide her mixed-race son because he's "ugly", or because she's afraid he'll be sold and/or she'll be punished for the possibility that she was raped by her male owner? Is d'Arnaut really "docile" or is this simply what people around him like to believe? Does he retain a strong sense of personality separate from what we hear Jim say about him? Do Cather and Jim see d'Arnault the same way?
2. Is d'Arnault autistic? He is slow to talk, rocks back and forth constantly, and is a musical savant. How is he portrayed in contrast to Antonia's disabled brother?
3. How does Cather's description of d'Arnault differ from her proper "Americans," the shrill and canny Shimerdas, the morose Russians Pavel and Peter, the ethereal scholar Gaston Cleric, and other characters?
4. What is the purpose of this passage?
5. A lot of readers and critics seem to ignore this passage altogether. How should we treat passages like this in older fiction (My Antonia was first published in 1918). How does the passage affect your opinion of the book overall?
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Biological Systems Engineering (including biological engineering, environmental engineering, and machinery systems)
Biological systems engineers develop the techniques and processes to work with living systems, including microbes, plants and animals. They provide engineering input to produce and process food, fiber, energy, and pharmaceuticals. They can also emphasize in environmental protection to improve water quality, control air pollution and clean up contaminated soils.
With their creative problem solving skills, biological systems engineers apply engineering and biological principles to a diverse world of opportunities. They can design better agricultural machinery, improve the living environments of animals, and consult companies in implementing more efficient agricultural operations and processes. Biological system engineers can also impact the medical field by developing chemical products, sensors, and life-saving medical equipment. Ultimately, in this field you can enhance the sustainability and vitality of society.
Possible Career Paths and Specializations
Other Related Engineering Fields
Other Related Fields (Non-Engineering)
Resources available in ACIC*
Career Opportunities in Conservation and the Environment
Career Opportunities in Engineering
Careers for Nature Lovers and Other Outdoor Types
Careers in Engineering
Careers in the Environment
Engineering Your Future
Opportunities in Biological Science Careers
Opportunities in Engineering
Opportunities in Farming and Agriculture Careers
*Books are available for a 2-day checkout period.
Related biological and agricultural engineering links
K-State Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
National Society of Professional Engineers
Engineering Career Opportunities
Engineering Career Resources
Sloan Career Cornerstone Center
Society of Women Engineers
American Society for Engineering Education
K-State's Biological Systems Engineering program is accredited under the General Criteria by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET.


text:
Field trips give children educational experiences away from their regular school environment. By seeing real-life application of the lessons that they are learning in school, children might be more likely to understand and appreciate the importance and relevance of what they are learning. At Kinderland Preschool Surabaya, our Pre-Nursery and Nursery children went for a shopping tour in "Giant Supermarket". Children walked around in different sections in the supermarket and were also given opportunities to experience grocery shopping. Our K1 children went for a picnic in Kebun Bibit, sharing food which they have brought along. After that, they had fun participating in various activities with their friends such as treasure hunt, collect leaves or twigs to make collage. Meanwhile, our K2 children went to Fire Station to get to know more about the tools and equipment used by firemen.
Pre-Nursery and Nursery field trip to Giant Supermarket
Making a collage with collected dry leaves
K2 field trip to Fire Station
Experience with water hose used by firemen


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Woodland Phlox (Phlox divaricata) the official Watertown Town flower. The Watertown Garden Club has planted the flower at various locations in
Town, the most successful stand being in the pollinator gardens in Veteran's Park and at the corner of Buckingham Street and Echo Lake Road.
Phlox divaricata (Woodland Phlox) is a flower native to Connecticut that favors well-drained soil
in dappled shade. It blooms for about a month starting in late April with flowers that are most
often lavender-blue but can vary through shades of pink to white. Flower petals have a
distinctive notch at the end. The flowering stalks rise 12" to 15" above evergreen basal leaves
that remain close to the ground and slowly spread through stem rooting. The plants can also
spread by seed. Woodland Phlox provides food for pollinators in early Spring when few other
plants are in bloom.


text:
Time AdvantageTime advantage is created when one of the business processes is faster than the other in achieving the same result. Time advantage is best exemplified with the time to market examples. Time advantage is typically created through careful analysis of all the activities supporting a process and elimination of those that don't add any value to the process, but only add lead time.
Time advantage can create product premiums, increased revenues, longer product life cycles, and intangible differentiator levers (such as brand value or an image of being innovative or agile). It becomes a competitive advantage when the firm develops processes that will enable it to quickly introduce new products in the market and portray the company as a pioneer and when the firm's business strategy leverages such differentiation through a premium brand image to grow market share and increase revenues.
Cost AdvantageCost advantage is created when the superior business process is cheaper to operate than the inferior other. Cost advantage can be created through elimination of waste from the process, but also by optimizing the process within the process constraints. A lot of supply chain processes fall in this category and can provide finite cost advantages when implemented correctly. Inventory planning processes within the supply chain function is a good example in this category.
Or, in a manufacturing industry, cost advantages may arise from better manufacturing process, cheaper inputs, or higher levels of automation that increase efficiency. Reducing set-up change time, reducing the frequency of such changes, and increasing batch sizes are several commonly used methods to reduce per unit manufacturing costs. However, a superior manufacturing process will potentially have a comparable cost structure, but allow for short batch sizes to enable flexible factory schedules.
Every revised iteration of the original business process can potentially improve the existing cost structure and provide a continued superiority afforded by the process. These improvements are necessary to sustain the advantage over time. Cost advantage allows the company to become more profitable or expand its market share.
Efficiency AdvantageEfficiency advantage is created when the superior business processes provide higher throughput. Throughput measures the output of a process per unit time. Sometimes, efficiency may mean asset utilization, such as the utilization of the assembly line in a manufacturing context, blast furnace utilization in steel production, or a jockey's utilization in the warehouse of a retailer. Assets in the context of efficiency can be people, machinery, or technology, anything that it costs to maintain and provides a useful function in the business process. The efficiency advantage can be created by automating, simplifying, or expediting a process. Efficiency advantage normally results in more favorable cost structure and supports a cost-based business strategy.
Think of the flexibility as part of the efficiency advantage. After all, there is no point in efficiently building widgets that no one wants. Therefore, flexibility of a process to change and adapt in response to the changes in the business environment is an advantage that should be built into the process. This flexibility in manufacturing environments typically shows up as set-up change time, while in nonmanufacturing industries, it may be the time required to respond to changing demand.
Quality AdvantageQuality advantage is created when the superior business process creates fewer defects than the inferior one. Quality advantage is generally a result of standardizing, automating, or simplifying a process. In the manufacturing context, a statistical process control (SPC) that allows companies to monitor the health of the process to reduce defects is a good example of this advantage. When compared to the conventional quality control processes that detect the defects after the product has been manufactured, the SPC-based approach prevents production of defective products by monitoring key process parameters. Quality advantage in the nonmanufacturing context relates to the ability of a process to consistently produce the same result (dependability and repeatability), and this definition can be applied to any business function, such as processing customer orders, fulfilling orders from a warehouse, creating replenishment demand, customer service, and so on. Quality advantage can reduce costs by preventing defects or introduce produce differentiators through better quality, such as increased customer satisfaction, customer retention, brand value, product durability, and so on. In all these cases, the quality advantage can support a business strategy by creating a differentiator with a potential value for which the buyer is ready to pay a premium.
Finally, for any process or capability to be able to create a real competitive advantage, the following two conditions must be fulfilled:
1. The value created through the superior process must be valuable enough to the buyer that she is ready to pay a premium for the differentiator created by this process or move her business to the firm to take advantage of this differentiator.
2. The cost of creating the process superiority must be less than the premium generated through the differentiator advantage created by the process.
Unless these two conditions are met, no advantage can be realized. If the cost of creating the differentiation is more than the premium it generates, then the system as a whole becomes less cost competitive, which is not desirable. If the differentiation, whether costor feature-based, is not valuable to buyers, then buyers will not pay any premium for the differentiator, which makes for a wasted investment. Therefore, when firms decide to invest in creating business capabilities, they must spend time to analyze the cost-benefit equation and clearly understand the differentiator created and the value generated through this differentiator from the point of view of the buyer. This is easier said than done. However, good analysis and logical inferences always help.
The article has been selectively reproduced from my book titled "Supply Chain as Strategic Asset: The Key to Reaching Business Goals".
Want to know more about supply chain processes? How they work and what they afford? Check out my books on Supply Chain Management at Amazon.


if everything is working properly.
You should now have CJDNS setup and configured to start on boot and peered with both system letting you securely route data between the two systems.
We have not covered restricting communication between the systems to only use this new route, and how to segregate peer connections if you connect to other CJDNS peers.
Event ID 4319 NetBIOS over TCP/IP with Dual Nic's
We have received many alerts on the error Event ID 4319 as seen below.
Event log: System
Event Source: NetBT
Event ID: 4319
Message Contents: A duplicate name has been detected on the TCP network.
The IP address of the computer that sent the message is in the data.
Use nbtstat -n in a command window to see which name is in the Conflict state.
View of the nbtstat -n command result
The cause of this issue has been systems that have more than one network card, this is more common in laptops that will use a hardline in the office. you can see this by using the command 'nbtstat -n' multiple network cards have the same NetBIOS name.
To correct this behavior you could prevent both network cards from connecting at the same time, although that is not a viable tactic to us. What we have decided to do is disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP on the wireless card. If you are doing this remotely you can run the following commands.
First you will need to know what the index number of your network card is, you can retrieve that with the following command.
wmic nicconfig get caption,index,TcpipNetbiosOptions
View of the network cards and the index numbers
You can see the index number listed next to each network card name, in this case we are looking for the wireless card, that would be index number '2'. You can also see the TcpipNetbiosOptions column is showing a '0', that means it is set to DHCP server options or fail over to enabled if DHCP has no options set. we will need the TcpipNetbiosOptions value to be '2' to disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP, and with the index number we can run the following. (Change the index to the nic relevant to your issue.)
wmic nicconfig where index=2 call SetTcpipNetbios 2
Result of setting NetBIOS over TCP/IP off.
The Shape of Tomorrow
One of the ideas that is common to hear is 'tomorrow will be so different' and the recently more common 'this will change everything'. The idea being that the next thing on the horizon will change the world in ways that we could never imagine and that is not going to happen to our civilization without a revolution in technology itself.
Let us consider the example of the horseless carriage, or not since we have beaten that to death. Let us instead look to your home, it is a nice place, it has 4+ walls, a solid flooring, and one would hope a roof over your head. This basic idea has not changed much but our execution of this simple concept can now take us from a dry hole in a hill to any modern dwelling. but we have mastered the building style, tools, and knowledge to make a modern structure. The story of how the food go to your plate is a much better story to show how things change and yet can stay the same, contemplate the supply chain needed to get you that produce on time.
We can see the changes coming that sound big take for example the idea that all stores will have robotic attendants, and all manufacturing is done by machines creating on demand custom handbag to the new kitchen counters. We can imagine this because it is already happening. You only need to look at manufacturing, farming, and distributors to see how they use more advanced tools like robotics to see how this will have a reduction in the need for humans on site.
The shape of the world has is not changed from how it was, we are still going about our daily life handling many small items, doing a task, and interacting with others around us. The idea that things will change beyond our imagining is a farce to help us deal with change in general.
We constantly change but we also adapt and accept the changes. Lets look at something simple like keeping your floor clean, wipe or pickup all the dirt if you do not have a broom or mop the carpet need to be beaten if you do not have a vacuum cleaner. Or jumping forward actually vacyume if you do not have a robotic vacuum. From this simple idea we can see that soon the laundry will be folded for you, the dishes cleaned, and put away.
When you can go down to the local store and pickup a personal attendant for the cost of a small appliance it will be common place. and just like with robotic vacuums nothing will have really changed. We as a species do change more every day and at a faster rate then ever before but your life will not change fundamentally, it will just be improved like it was yesterday.
Job Losses, Basic Income, and EVE.
The modern person works a job to pay the bills and support their way of life and improve it, hopefully by doing something that they enjoy and find rewarding. I would like to ask what happens when you do not have an income and compare this to the MMO Game EVE.
A job is very important to the average person because it pays for the most important things you need like food, and shelter. I do not know anyone that can do without food, and most places are not sunny year round requiring shelter to survive. You might be luck and your parents, partner or to a limited extent governments can provide a limited coverage when you can not support your self. But if government support runs out or parents have issues how do you survive?
If you are luck to find a job you like and you are good at, you should not have many issues providing for yourself. Many people though do not know what they want to do, or have no support to test the waters and get the first job they can. Many articles have been written on the topic of job progression and how once you are in a job that only provides the basics of survival you do not have much ability to progress to better employment, you cannot risk what little you have. To progress you might need to take risks and the risks need to be balanced against what you might gain and what you might loss. If you risk losing your survival you will not take the risk and this would result in becoming trapped and unable to escape.
In most MMO games you do not need to survive in the traditional sense, in EVE you can sit in a space station forever and never pay for rent or food. Now this is not much of an existence but it does something very basic, you can fail at everything in the game and still have a second chance. You can start a company in game, you can explore the universe, you can do literally everything that is offered until you succeed. But the important thing here is that you can and will fail, and that is not a problem in the game world. Because of this safety net you can keep trying and learning from the mistakes and improving until you do something great, and when someone bigger takes it all away you can still try again.
This is where Basic Income would help society grow by giving everyone a guarantee of survival even if they lost everything. We need to provide the basics of food and shelter to all people with no restrictions if we want to encourage people to take the risks to do something great. We normally can not take the same risks we do in games, but if we could build a safety net like Basic Income then we would finally be able take many of the risks in life, imagine what we could accomplish.
If you would like to read more on Basic Income read the Wiki on the topic.
I also recommend keeping up with the reddit community.
Error: The application failed to initialize properly (0xc0000135)
If you are getting the error "The application failed to initialize properly (0xc0000135). Click on OK to terminate the application." when you are launching an application you do not have the.NET Framework installed.
You can go to to download the.NET Framework from Microsoft.
This can be an issue with XP systems as they do not come with.NET Framework by default, most Vista and newer systems will have.NET Framework 3.5 SP1 installed by default. Please remember that.NET Framework 4.0 is not backwards compatible with.NET Framework 3.5.
Windows ReportQueue Eating the Drive
Working on a few system I have found that the following folder has filled up at times with error report files eating all available drive space.
C:\Users\All Users\Microsoft\Windows\Wer\ReportQueue\*
Now I know that this if you have files collecting here you might have bigger issues with the system and you should check that out in time. The files are safe to delete and will not cause any issues after removed. You can also disable error reporting on the system to stop the generation of the error reports.


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|Did you mean to convert||foot of air [0 °C]
foot of air [15 °C]
|to||inch water column|
How many feet of air in 1 inch water column?
The answer is 64.462521755021.
We assume you are converting between foot of air [0 °C] and inch of water column.
You can view more details on each measurement unit:
feet of air or inch water column
The SI derived unit for pressure is the pascal.
1 pascal is equal to 0.25879322442072 feet of air, or 0.0040146307866177 inch water column.
Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results.
Use this page to learn how to convert between feet of air and inches water column.
Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units!
1 feet of air to inch water column = 0.01551 inch water column
10 feet of air to inch water column = 0.15513 inch water column
20 feet of air to inch water column = 0.31026 inch water column
30 feet of air to inch water column = 0.46539 inch water column
40 feet of air to inch water column = 0.62052 inch water column
50 feet of air to inch water column = 0.77564 inch water column
100 feet of air to inch water column = 1.55129 inch water column
200 feet of air to inch water column = 3.10258 inch water column
You can do the reverse unit conversion from inch water column to feet of air, or enter any two units below:
feet of air to millimeter of water
feet of air to centibar
feet of air to yoctopascal
feet of air to micropascal
feet of air to micrometer of water
feet of air to foot of mercury
feet of air to inch mercury
feet of air to gigapascal
feet of air to ton/square foot
feet of air to megapascal
ConvertUnits.com provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types. Examples include mm, inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, metres squared, grams, moles, feet per second, and many more!


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Let $M$ and $N$ be two smooth manifolds, and $f: M \to N$ be a submersion, ${{f}^{-1}}(y)$ is compact for all $y$ in $N$. Then prove for any $x$ in $N$ there is an open neighborhood $U$ of $x$ such that ${{f}^{-1}}(U)$ is diffeomorphic to $U\times {{f}^{-1}}(x)$. I've thought this problem for a long time, but I don't know to use which method. Cobordism can help to solve this question?
share|improve this question
I don't see how cobordism would help. I would try using the implicit function theorem instead. – Neal Feb 23 '12 at 14:10
show that $f$ is proper and look at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehresmann%27s_fibration_theorem – Blah Feb 23 '12 at 16:59
You are missing some hypothesis to conclude that $f$ is proper. For example, without any additional hypothesis, we have a counterexample $M=(0,2)$, $N=S^1$ (the unit circle in the complex plane), and $f(t)=e^{2\pi i t}$. – Marcos Cossarini Apr 28 '14 at 0:27
1 Answer 1
As Blah said in the comments, if we can show that $f$ is proper (and in fact it is!), your statement is just Ehresmann fibration theorem.
To give a proof of Ehresmann fibration theorem, we will use theorem of tubular neighborhoods. This result says that a neighborhood $W$ of $M_y := f^{-1}(y)$ in $M$ is diffeomorphic to a neighborhood of $M_y$ in its normal bundle, and in particular that there exists a differentiable retraction $r : W \to M_y$. But then, consider the map $$(r,f):W \to M_y \times N.$$ This map has a differential (which is invertible along $M_y$). As $M_y$ is compact, there exists an open set $W' \subset W$ containing $M_y$ such that $(r,f)_{|W'}$ is an embedding. Finally, as $f$ is proper, $W'$ contains an open set $W''$ of the form $f^{-1}(U)$, where $U \subset N$ is a neighborhood of $y$. Then clearly $(r,f)(W'') = M_y \times U$ and we have shown that $(r,f)$ is a diffeomorphism from $f^{-1}(U)$ to $M_y \times U$.
share|improve this answer
@ Jacob:Thanks!But I'll make a completment.I've seen somewhere that ${{f}^{-1}}(x)\ and\ {{f}^{-1}}(y)$ is also diffeomorphism.This is a stronger conclusion.How can we get this? – henry Feb 24 '12 at 17:04
This is the link:link – henry Feb 24 '12 at 17:15
I've just responded you here. math.stackexchange.com/questions/47373/… – Jacob Ikabruob Feb 24 '12 at 17:36
@ Jacob: Thank you!I've understood.But where have you learnt these beautiful theorem like Ehresmann fibration theorem?Can you recommended me some modern books about differetial topology?I've read some books which are a little basic that they don't involve some advanced topics. – henry Feb 25 '12 at 3:24
Dear Henry: I read this theorem on Claire Voisin's book "Hodge theory and complex algebraic geometry" chapter $9$, when dealing with family of complex manifolds. By the way, it would be nice if you accept the answer that you consider helpful ;) – Jacob Ikabruob Feb 25 '12 at 8:19
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A white canopy bed has a bed head, or a tester, with high posts on every corner at least four feet tall which supports a retractable cloth cover. Still found in many homes today and popular in resorts and hotels for their romantic attraction. The term canopy dates from the 14th century of France. French word canopy meaning bed curtain back to the Latin word canopied and anterior to it, from the Greek konopeion, the couch with the mosquito curtain. It all comes from conops, mosquitoes or mosquitoes.
Considered today as elegant, White canopy bed has its origins really ordinary and mediocre. It may interest you to know that the canopy bed evolved from the box bed, the usual wooden box wrapped around the bed. The early houses of the Middle Ages lacked insulation that could really provide warmth and protection. The houses in those days were made of wicker and pelleted with thatched roofs. The doors and windows provide obstructions that interfere with the wind.
12 Picture Gallery: The Origin of White Canopy Bed
They only filter the snow from the wind as it passes the house. It was so cold that even if you were wrapped in bed with a pile of blankets it was not too warm. With this need, a bed box with a closing door is designed. Indeed, it is helpful to withstand the wind from the bed because the actual bed is inside a wooden box thus, maintaining warm air all around. That's the article about White canopy bed.
This post topic: Chaise Lounge


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Are you seeing a "No Signal" error or a blank screen when you try to play PlayStation 4? Don't worry, there's usually an easy fix. This wikiHow teaches you how to properly troubleshoot the "No Signal" error on your PlayStation 4.
Part 1 of 2:
General HDMI Troubleshooting
 1. 1
 Make sure the PS4 is connected to the correct HDMI port. Is your PS4 plugged into the same HDMI input that's selected on your TV? Use our TV remote to cycle through all of the HDMI inputs to make sure you haven't chosen the wrong one.
 - Try unplugging and re-plugging the HDMI cable in again to make sure you have a secure connection.
 - If it's connected to the correct port, you could switch it to another available port and try again.
 2. 2
 Bypass the receiver if you have one. If your PS4 is not plugged directly into the TV and is instead plugged into an audio/video receiver, try plugging it directly into the TV instead. The receiver may not be accurately passing the signal to your TV.
 3. 3
 Check the HDMI cable and ports physically. Remove the HDMI cable from the PS4 and the TV and look inside both ports with a flashlight—do you see any bent pins inside the HDMI ports? If there's a bent pin in the PS4 or the TV, you'd see a "No Signal" area or a blank screen.[1] If there's a bent pin, unplug the TV or PS4 from the wall and gently push it back into place using a flat screwdriver.
 4. 4
 Try a different HDMI cable. HDMI cables can be faulty, so try swapping out your current cable with another one, if you have one.
Part 2 of 2:
Changing the Resolution in Safe Mode
 1. 1
 Press and hold the power button on your PS4 for seven seconds. This ensures that the PS4 really turns off, which is necessary for starting it in Safe Mode.[2] You will hear one beep when you begin to press and hold the button, and a second after about seven seconds. You can remove your finger from the button after you hear the second beep.
 - If you're seeing "No Signal," "Weak Signal," or a blank screen, it could be because the resolution is incorrect in your PS4 settings. This sometimes happens when you move the PS4 between different TVs, switch between game systems on the same TV, or make a change to your TV's display settings.
 2. 2
 Press and hold the Power button again until the PS4 restarts. Again, you'll hear a beep when you first start pressing the button—when you hear the second beep, lift your finger. This boots the PS4 into Safe Mode.
 3. 3
 Use a USB cable to connect your controller to the PS4. If you're using a wireless controller, you'll see a message on the screen telling you to connect with a USB cable—this is required for using the controller in Safe Mode.
 4. 4
 Press the PS4 button on the controller. It's the one at the bottom-center. You should see a menu on the screen.
 5. 5
 Select Change Resolution. This is the second option on the menu. To select the option, press X. You'll see a message that says "The PS4 will restart."
 6. 6
 Press X. This restarts your PS4. When it comes back up, it'll ask you to choose a resolution.
 7. 7
 Select a resolution. Leaving the default option of Automatic will nearly always work, but you can also select a different resolution if you know it works with your TV. Keep in mind that if you select a resolution that doesn't work with the TV, you'll continue getting no signal when trying to play your PS4.
 - For example, if you have a 720p TV, select 720p. Don't try selecting something higher than that, or else it won't work!
 8. 8
 Press the X key. As long as you selected a resolution that's compatible with your TV, you should now be able to play your PS4.
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 Nicole Levine, MFA
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 Co-authors: 3
 Updated: March 11, 2021
 Views: 820
 Categories: PlayStation 4
 Article SummaryX
 1. Press and hold the power button for 7 seconds to turn the PS4 off.
 2. Press and hold the power button until you hear a second beep to turn it back on.
 3. Connect the controller with a USB cable.
 4. Press the PS4 button.
 5. Select Change Resolution.
 6. Press X.
 7. Select the correct resolution.
 8. Press X.
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text:
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
The percentage of a person's monthly gross income that is spent on paying debts, such as housing and credit card payments. Banks and lenders use this ratio to decide how much money (and on what terms) they will lend someone for a mortgage, car, or other loan. Traditionally, lenders have said that your housing costs (mortgage principal and interest, homeowner's insurance, and property taxes, also known as PITI) shouldn't exceed 28% of your gross income, and that your overall debt (PITI plus car and other loan payments) shouldn't exceed 36%.
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:14 pm


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The False River Watershed Study was prepared for the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources. False River is a 3,000-acre oxbow lake formed from the Mississippi River in Pointe Coupee Parish with a watershed of approximately 37,000 acres. Fisheries, vegetative habitat, and overall water quality have been in decline since the 1980s. The Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, the False River Watershed Council, Chustz Surveying, and local residents teamed with the Water Resources group at Fenstermaker to collect hydrologic data, analyze the existing drainage system of the island, and recommend channel hydromodifications to reduce sediment transport into False River.
Fenstermaker collected data over a six-month period beginning October 2012, developed an existing conditions model, and evaluated several alternatives.


Mothers Who Make
Mothers Who Make
Lizzy Humber Producer MWM
 Mothers Who Make is a growing national initiative aimed at supporting mothers who are artists - professional and/or passionate – writers, painters, actors, dancers, musicians, film-makers....every kind of maker is welcomed, and every kind of mother.
MWM was born in London in 2014 with Theatre Maker and Improbable Associate Director, Matilda Leyser. The initiative grew from Leyser's sense of there being experiences and challenges specific to being both a mother and an artist. She noticed many parallels between the two roles: both are concerned with creativity and play, both require stamina, patience, sensitivity, both keep her up at night. At the same time she was struck by the strength of the cultural assumption that the two were incompatible: she was told she must compromise on either her creative work or her mothering. She wanted to challenge this. She put out an invitation to mother-artists, across art forms, to join a peer support group to which they could also bring their children of any age. The response has been extraordinary.
MWM has rapidly spread across the country. There are currently regular peer-support groups meeting at 22 major arts-related venues in different regions, with more groups in the process of starting across the UK in 2019.
How does MWM work?
MWM meetings take place monthly in an arts-related venue. It is critical that the meeting is given the status of a participatory workshop, a rehearsal or class. A local mother-artist acts as a facilitator and participants are supported to exchange and work in a variety of ways. They explore emergent themes in their mothering and their making, points of connection between the two roles, points of dissonance, particular challenges, helpful resources. Examples of recent themes include: how to change and maintain your practice; the positive impact of motherhood on your work; housework – who does it?!
Every MWM meeting models a rare space in which participants are recognized and valued equally in their dual roles of mother and artist. The sessions are adult-centred but children are welcome to attend. Each MWM group shares a common ethos and practice but is able to grow and develop in response to the needs and interests of the regional artists that attend it. We want as many people as possible to be part of the unfolding MWM conversations. We do not seek to define who is a'mother' or an 'artist'. Our reach is across generations and artforms - we are thrilled by the plurality of voices that are part of this discussion.
United Kingdom
Organization Website
info, "Mothers Who Make," Artist Parent Index, accessed May 15, 2021,
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