Artificial intelligence is growing widely and developing to a large extent. In Africa, universities are creating and empowering in the educational sector. Ai should be highly recommended and introduced in all universities in Africa, the government should focus more on working for the development of Ai because it can render good services to teachers via search and can help concentrate more on educating students.
The migration of pre-colonial Africans depends on seasons for the purpose of fertile soil, the cause of this made education not to be fully organised in pre-colonial Africa. They were dependant on learning their own tribe, values, socialization and responsibilities.
Image result for 6 Reason Why AI Should Be Introduced In University In Africa
Since 1960s there have been different artificial technologies in sub-Saharan African. Artificial intelligence is growing widely and developing to a large extent. In Africa, universities are creating and empowering in the educational sector.
The reasons AI should be introduced more in Africa universities follow.
1.Enhance research in education; there is a need to grow talent. Application of Ai can help students understand more about technology. Its aim is to create real-world intelligent system s where leading scientist and engineers are practised and knowledge is carried out.
This process can help understand more about technology. School of chemistry deployed new Ai research initiative for Africa ( wits university Johannesburg, south Africa) in association with cirrus. Google also opened its first lab in Ghana
2. Improve Student Learning Ability: people learn and understand in different ways, some likely learn fast. The introduction of artificial intelligence in schools can help instructions focus more on understanding the weakness and strength of a student. The Watson tutor (IBM) this technology is a platform that involves machine learning with the use of natural language. A mode of learning through artificial intelligence in the educational sector
3. Acquiring all round skills: Ai can help students acquire new skills. Application of artificial intelligence can not only help student focus on just one still it also enable students to live their full potential through social entrepreneurship and digital innovation. Some students have good potential. All services can render technological skills in Africa universities. This is one inspiring way to create a better world for Africa.
4. Make Teaching Fun: this can motivate the ability to learn fast and manage mental wellbeing. For example, with the use of Chatbot to perform task. Chatbot is an easy way of learning that interacts with students. Students are now offered a quick way it gets valuable information's. This has made learning fun and less stressful
5. Enhance Students Experience: Ai increases learning opportunity. The Stanford University report explains how Ai will help in the educational sector a few years from now by using data analytics to address issues facing universities, figuring out students who are at risk of failure or dropping out. It also stated that ai is promising to improve education in all level
6. Prepare Instructors For A Higher Educational Teaching : Ai tool that can assist instructors to teach students. Ai has introduced many interesting way of education all around the globe.
This is just its beginning of innovation. The aim is not to take over humans, but rather to assist and make the world a better place. Subjectively, I'd plead to the administrators around African to enhance the use of Ai in all universities in Africa
Lastly, students should learn more about algorithms and the use of Ai in decision making. Doing this will not only benefit a student but will also assist Africa to become a better place if Ai is fully deployed in the educational sector
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Advanced Structural Analysis/Part I - Theory/Failure Modes/Fatigue/Crack Initiation/The Wöhler Curve
The Wöhler curve, also referred to as the S-N curve, describes the function or. It is based on empirical results and often represents the median of the data scatter.
A significant interval of the curve can be approximated by the Basquin relation
Where is a constant specific to the test case.
The Basquin relation is often presented in the form
- is the so called detail category number.
Detail Category Number
The fatigue detail number defines the Basquin relation and specifies a Wöhler curve. The property is often denoted FAT, C, or in mathematical expressions:.
If there are more than one FAT tied to a geometry-type, they refer to different specifics such as weld quality, loading direction etc. Moreover, the FAT normally corresponds to a fatigue life of cycles.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Astronomical Night Route
This route is special, it is not just an enjoyable walk around the countryside. You will also learn how to interpret just what each star is trying to tell us.
It starts off at the stunning hills around Llanos del Garañón, with a pleasant one hour walk around the Nublo rural park. Then our guides and experts will teach you basic aspects of astronomy, such as how to look out for constellations, and spot visible planets and shining stars. And so that you don't miss out on star clusters, remains of supernovas, nebulas and double stars, at the Garañón centre you will be able to look through the powerful AstroLáser telescope.
This route includes:
- Guided tour
- Specialized guides on trails
- Specific material
|Circular||3 km||3:00 hrs||+65 m||-62 m|
Observation in Llanos de la Pez and Corral de los Juncos
- Created on .
- Hits: 3690

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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|Probability density function
|Cumulative distribution function
|Parameters||(degrees of freedom)|
|MGF||Complicated (see text)|
|CF||Complicated (see text)|
|This article does not cite any references or sources. (October 2009)|
In probability theory and statistics, the chi distribution is a continuous probability distribution. It is the distribution of the square root of the sum of squares of independent random variables having a standard normal distribution. The most familiar example is the Maxwell distribution of (normalized) molecular speeds which is a chi distribution with 3 degrees of freedom (one for each spatial coordinate). If are k independent, normally distributed random variables with means and standard deviations, then the statistic
is distributed according to the chi distribution. Accordingly, dividing by the mean of the chi distribution (scaled by the square root of n − 1) yields the correction factor in the unbiased estimation of the standard deviation of the normal distribution. The chi distribution has one parameter: which specifies the number of degrees of freedom (i.e. the number of ).
Probability density function
The probability density function is
where is the Gamma function.
Cumulative distribution function
The cumulative distribution function is given by:
where is the regularized Gamma function.
Generating functions
Moment generating function
The moment generating function is given by:
Characteristic function
The characteristic function is given by:
where again, is Kummer's confluent hypergeometric function.
The raw moments are then given by:
where is the Gamma function. The first few raw moments are:
where the rightmost expressions are derived using the recurrence relationship for the Gamma function:
From these expressions we may derive the following relationships:
The entropy is given by:
where is the polygamma function.
Related distributions
- If then (chi-squared distribution)
- (Normal distribution)
- If then (half-normal distribution) for any
- (Rayleigh distribution)
- (Maxwell distribution)
- (The norm of n standard normally distributed variables is a chi distribution with k degrees of freedom)
- chi distribution is a special case of the generalized gamma distribution or the nakagami distribution or the noncentral chi distribution
|noncentral chi-squared distribution|
|noncentral chi distribution|


Did you know there are over 3,000 known species of catfish? However, in North America, there are only a few freshwater and saltwater catfish species that pique angler's interests. Typically, catfish are easily identifiable by their whiskers or barbels, with each subspecies having distinct characteristics from one another. Specifically, it would be best to learn how to identify catfish species to avoid running into trouble with a game warden. This article will look at the common catfish species and show you how to identify them.
How to Identify Catfish Species
There are many questions anglers typically have regarding how they can quickly recognize the difference amongst each catfish species. Like, what kind of physical attributes should they look at on each fish. Or how to figure out the gender. Thus, we'll start by first examining how to tell if a catfish is a male or female.
How to Tell If a Catfish Is a Male or Female
In most states, you'll rarely come across regulations on which gender of catfish you can pull up. However, if you are still interested in learning the sex of your catfish, here are some ways to tell.
 - Male catfish have broad, muscular heads with thick lips
 - Males are often darker than females
 - Pre-spawn females are filled with eggs
 - Males have brighter colored fins
 - Males have nipple-shaped raised genitals
 - Females have a rounded opening around their genitals
Common Freshwater Catfish Species
The most common freshwater catfish species anglers are known to target flathead, channel, blue, and bullhead catfish. Now, let's take a look at what makes each species unique:
Flathead Catfish
A flathead catfish against a white background.
Flathead Catfish are known to grow to trophy sizes. For instance, the world record flathead, recorded by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA), weighs 123 pounds and is above five feet in length. As its name implies, the easiest way to distinguish a flathead from another catfish is by its broad flat-shaped head. In addition, to its distinctive head shape, other characteristics of a flathead catfish:
 - Scaleless, yellowish, olive-colored skin
 - Mottled back and sides with black and brown
 - Pale yellow or cream-colored belly
 - Protruding lower jaw
 - Slightly notched tail fin
Channel Catfish
A channel catfish against a white background
Channel Catfish are the most common catfish species across the United States of America. Additionally, channels are native to waters ranging from Southern Canada to Mexico. Unlike flathead catfish, channels don't get nearly as large. For example, the world record channel catfish, recorded by the IGFA, weighs 58 pounds, and the longest one measuring just short of three feet in length. Here is a list of identifiable qualities channel catfish possess:
 - Scaleless, dark brownish to slate-gray skin on top
 - Silver to white skin on its sides and belly
 - Slender looking body
 - The upper jaw is longer than its lower jaw
 - Deeply forked tail fin
Furthermore, mature male channels tend to get mistaken as blue catfish because of their darker skin tone and lack of spots.
Blue Catfish
Blue Catfish against a white background.
When most people think of trophy-sized catfish, they usually think of flatheads. However, little do they know; blues are the largest and most migratory North American catfish species. The world record for blue catfish, recorded by the IGFA, weighs 143 pounds, with the longest one measuring over four feet in length. Often, blue catfish are mistaken for channel catfish because of their bluish-gray skin tone. So, here is a list of unique markings to help you identify blue cats more easily:
 - Scaleless, bluish-gray skin on top
 - Silvery white skin on its side and belly
 - Whitish colored fins
 - Wedge-shaped appearance
 - Long, straight-edged anal fin
 - Forked tail fin
Bullhead Catfish
A bullhead catfish against a white background.
Often, anglers catch bullhead catfish accidentally. In most states, bullhead catfish are considered non-game fish and can be targeted using various alternative fishing methods, from bow-fishing to snagging. Generally, you can find bullheads in either fresh, brackish, and low-oxygenated waters. There are four common types of bullhead catfish found in North America: black, brown, yellow, and flat bullheads. Here's a list of qualities that set bullheads apart from the other catfish species:
 - Colors vary between bullheads, ranging from yellow, brown, and black
 - Mottled dark skin on its side for browns and flats
 - Pigmented barbels
 - Squared tail fin
Additionally, bullheads are the smallest catfish species in North America, with the largest bullhead weighing eight pounds.
Common Saltwater Catfish Species
Did you know many catfish species live in saltwater? However, only two saltwater catfish species are the most sought-after gafftopsail and hardhead catfish.
Gafftopsail Catfish
Gafftopsail catfish against a white background.
Gafftopsail catfish are also known as sail cats. They get their name from their tall, sail-like dorsal fin. However, although their dorsal fin looks majestic at first glance, you want to stray away from touching it. Specifically, just like freshwater catfish, they have three venomous spines on their dorsal and pectoral fins.
In addition to their sharp spines, a thick toxic slime coats their entire bodies. This slimy residue from their bodies gets all over the place, making them an unfavorable catch for most anglers. For instance, like bullheads, gafftopsails are often caught accidentally by anglers, with the largest one weighing 10 pounds. Here is a list of distinguishing features of a gafftopsail catfish:
 - Scaleless, bluish-green back skin
 - Silver-white belly skin
 - Tall, sail-like dorsal fin
 - Flattened, elongated barbels
 - Forked tail fin
Hardhead Catfish
A hardhead catfish against a white background.
The hardhead catfish get their name from the rock-like bony plate on the top of their head. In addition to their solid heads, anglers should be wary of a hardhead's serrated spines. Often, hardheads are referred to as trash fish by most anglers and aren't considered good eating.
Additionally, anglers can locate hardheads along the southeast U.S. Atlantic coast and Gulf coast. Many anglers rarely target hardheads; however, these fish are notorious for stealing your bait and ending up at the end of your hook. Currently, the largest hardhead recorded by the IGFA weighs four pounds and 11 ounces. Here are the characteristics of a hardhead catfish:
 - Scaleless, grayish-green back skin
 - White to yellowish belly
 - Elongated body
 - Moderately flat head
 - Broadly arced upper jaw
 - Forked tail fin
Stay Out of Trouble With the DNR!
Remember, there is more to identifying each catfish species than just looking at their colors. To correctly identify a catfish, you need to examine the shape of its dorsal and tail fin, the form of its body and head, and its jawline.
Note, most states have different restrictions and regulations for each catfish species. So, it's essential to know how to tell them apart to stay out of trouble with your local DNR agents.
Do you have any questions on how to identify catfish? Let us know in the comments below. Did you enjoy this article? Consider sharing it with your fishing buddies.


text:
$ -base +pretty
Above, except that if the last line of the first argument stops at least one position before the first line of the second begins, these two lines are overlapped. For example:
> text "hi" $$ nest 5 (text "there")
lays out as
> hi there
$$ is associative, with identity empty, and also satisfies
* (x $$ y) <> z = x $$ (y <> z), if y non-empty.
Above, with no overlapping. $+$ is associative, with identity empty.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


DMG MORI Technology Excellence
TULIP APPs for Assembly
Digitize step-by-step the work instructions in your production. This allows you to guide your employees systematically through assembly and other manual production steps to reduce sources of error and increase productivity.
Challenges in the assembly
Highly complex and diverse assemblies require precise work instructions to prevent human error. Often currently used, text-heavy paper-based work instructions tend to lead to errors, hurting your employees' productivity.
Interactive work instructions with TULIP APPs
With TULIP you can quickly and easily create intuitive and fully customizable work instructions that guide your employees step-by-step through the manufacturing processes. In this way you reduce errors before they occur.
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With comprehensive templates and the visual APP editor, you can create interactive work instructions for assembly processes, quality inspections or machine setups without any programming knowledge.
Complete integration
Integrate images, video, PDF documents or component drawings as well as IoT devices and logic to provide employees with exactly the information they need to perform processes quickly and accurately.
Optimal monitoring of your machine park
Audit logs and digital approval processes guarantee 100% traceability of the processes. Manage roles and authorizations to protect your data. Use digital history records for compliance with batch records, device records or device logs.


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The city estimated the increased fines will bring $5 million in new revenue targeted towards improving transportation. This is part of the commonwealth's Go Boston 2030 initiative announced in March of 2017. This long-term plan hopes to improve all facets of transportation in the area.
Go Boston 2030 is undertaking both shortand long-term projects: extending the Green Line; improving transit between the Longwood Medical Area and Jamaica Plain; creating a walking and biking route that parallels the Fairmount Indigo Line; and promoting safe travel for pedestrians, bikers, and drivers. Funding will come from multiple sources such as the city's capital plan, the MBTA, and MassDOT's Complete Streets program. These projects aim to reduce MBTA operating expenses and increase ridership. According to MassAnalysis, MBTA operating expenses were nearly $1.5 billion in 2016. The goal of $5 million in new fine revenue will aim to kick start the T's efforts to make Boston's public transportation more efficient.
Pioneer's research suggests a comprehensive plan for an integrated transportation system. Go Boston 2030 is the Commonwealth's attempt to do so; not only will it attempt to improve transportation agencies' fiscal condition, but allow different modes of transportation to become more efficient. In the next five, ten, and even fifteen years, it is salient to analyze its progress (just as Pioneer has done in the past) to see if the Go Boston 2030 is on track.
This increase in parking fines demonstrates the city's efforts to promote safe and efficient driving by deterring people from double parking, or parking in loading zones or fire lanes. Revenue will be put towards the long-term goal to create a more cohesive transportation system that supports the economy, the environment, and the people of Massachusetts.


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P1dB vs TOI-1dB compression point,Third Order Intercept Point
This page compares P1dB vs TOI and mentions difference between P1dB (1dB compression point) and TOI (Third Order Intercept Point). It also describes IIP3,OIP3 etc.
TOI | Third Order Intercept Point
As mentioned TOI refers to Third Order Intercept Point. As we know from our discussion in intermodulation distortion page, saturated or overdriven amplifier produces unwanted products of input signals. This is known as IMD (Intermodulation Distortion). When two or more signals are fed to the nonlinear device whether passive or active will generate many combinations of input signals produced at the output. These contain first order, second order and third order products. Out of these intermodulation distortion (IMD) products only third order products are vulnerable to interference due to its higher amplitude and close proximity with the desired signals. For f1 and f2 input signals, output third order products namely 2f1-f2 as well as 2f2-f1 lead to IMD interference.
Each P1dB increase results in 3dB increase in 3rd order IM (Intermodulation) power. TOI point is a figure of merit,
which characterizes a RF receiver's tolerance subjected to multiple RF signals outside passband of interest.
The TOI points on X-axis and Y-axis are designated as IIP3 and OIP3 respectively.
Refer IIP3 versus OIP3 which describes difference between IIP3 and OIP3.
The figure depicts IP3 measurement setup.
➤ OIP3 = POUT + ΔP/2
ΔP = POUT - POUT_3
Here POUT refers to power of fundamental signals when they are equal in magnitude
POUT_3 refers to power of third order intermodulation products when they are equal in magnitude
Refer IIP3 calculator >> which calculates IIP3 and OIP3, when powers of both fundamental signals are equal and when powers of IMD products are also equal.
Refer IM3 calculator which calculates third order intercept points at input (i.e. IIP3) and at output (i.e. OIP3) using IM3 formula mentioned above.
P1dB | 1dB compression point
P1dB or 1dB compression point is the part of the curve where, 2dB change in the input power fed to the amplifier(RF circuit) results into 1 dB change in the output power. The input and output powers are called as P1Bin and P1dBout respectively. In reality, Intercept point is usually about 10 dB higher value compare to P1dB (1dB compression point).
Both IIP3 and OIP3 are results of third order intermodulation distortion products. RF circuit does not function correctly or amplify the input signal properly at the IIP3 input level.
IIP3 mentioned above is the 3rd order intercept point at the input of the amplifier for OIP3 (Output third Order Intercept point).
Following equation mentions relation between IIP3 and OIP3 with respect to gain.
Gain + IIP3 = OIP3
The formula is useful in order to characterize linearity of a RF receiver for signals below the saturation level.
What is Difference between
difference between FDM and OFDM
Difference between SC-FDMA and OFDM
Difference between SISO and MIMO
Difference between TDD and FDD
Difference between 802.11 standards viz.11-a,11-b,11-g and 11-n
OFDM vs OFDMA
CDMA vs GSM


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SECTION 2: What?
What can be shared?
Although it is widely acknowledged that the industry definition of Shared Services refers to the sharing of business processes, business functions or expertise, it is recognised that many different aspects of an organisation can be shared, each in themselves providing incremental benefits to a participating organisation. Sharing may start with collaboration and adoption of best practice. The more detailed level of sharing leads to greater levels of efficiencies, higher quality service and an increased ability to react to market or legislative change. However these benefits come coupled with higher risk and need for a strong change management culture.
Shared Services is a journey without a fixed end point, but has an agreed vision of what good looks like, for an organisation and the strategy defined to deliver that vision. It needs measurable milestones to mark achievements and the journey involves collaboration, change management, change of culture regardless of the level of sharing.
There are numerous areas and levels of sharing that can and do occur on a Shared Services journey. They start with collaboration and shared practices. Many stop at the early stage as they entail the least risk and organisational and cultural change. Others go on in accordance with their strategy or build on their initial experiences to achieve the full level of Shared Services.
Most Shared Services efforts begin by focusing on Centres of Scale: volume-based services - transactional, processing and administrative, those that are delivered to most employees or to external customers and can be maximised by aligning economies of scale.
Glasgow City Council have implemented an internal Shared Service for financial, HR and procurement processes
Typically, success in these areas leads organisations to search for other services where similar operational efficiencies and cost reductions can be achieved. The logical choices for this second stage are Centres of Expertise: knowledge-based services - specialised expertise, consultative and integrated solutions, supported by common business processes to provide consistent delivery.
The Advanced Procurement for Universities and Colleges programme (APUC) is creating a centre of expertise for procurement for further education and higher education institutions
Centres of Expertise and Scale are candidates for Shared Services because they provide the greatest opportunities for leveraging efficiency and effectiveness.
Listed below are examples of the types of sharing and collaboration that can occur, with different levels of benefits being achieved, depending on the nature and extent of the sharing. They all encompass many of the attributes and skills required to achieve Shared Services, e.g. collaboration of requirements, negotiation, change of culture and process review, all of which are invaluable on the journey to Shared Services and achieve incremental benefits as well as credibility and experience. This is not intended to be an exhaustive list but should give an indication of the types of sharing that can occur and further examples of sharing across the public sector in Scotland are listed in Appendix B.
Level of Sharing
Common business processes and shared execution
Commercial model, Service Level Agreement, performance measures,Sharing of requirements, operating model, design and ICT operational configuration.
NSS Health procurement
South Lanarkshire Payroll Services
Common business process design (Best Practice)
Sharing of requirements and design (Best Practice)
Local Authority CRM system procurement
Sharing of requirements and remit for tendering, producing one tender document, lowering cost of procurement
ICT Software and Infrastructure Standards
Operating Systems and application software and standards, executing on a shared ICT infrastructure
Provides common operational standards and practices, consistency in execution and increased service levels, affords different working cycles up to 24/7
Uni) Edinburgh High Performance Computing Facilities ( UK, JANET
OSIAF Approved Stds; SEAS
Property Gazetteer; Entitlement Card
data centres, hardware, networks, telecoms, disc management,ICT Infrastructure:
Sharing of ICT skills and knowledge at a lower cost, less risk of attrition effecting business
Common operational standards and practices, consistency in execution and increased service levels, affords different working cycles up to 24/7
South Lanarkshire ICT Hosting
Property, co-location and sharing of buildings and services
Sharing of building and utility costs, sharing of services e.g. transport, vehicle maintenance
Highland Service Point Network
e.g. Legal, IT skills, trading standards, procurement, pension, IS, medicalCentres of Expertise, working to standards, accreditation, providing expertise in subject matter
Excel; APUC; National Collections collaboration
Definition of Terms for Service Provision
The industry wide definition of Shared Services can be summarised as the convergence and streamlining of an organisation or organisations functions to ensure that they deliver the services required of them as effectively as possible.
Shared Services are more than just centralisation or consolidation of similar activities in one location. Shared Services mean running these service activities like a business and delivering services to customers at a cost, quality and timeliness that is competitive with alternatives.
South Lanarkshire Council provide a Shared Service delivering Payroll services to several organisations within their community
Is the process by which the activities of an organisation or organisations, become concentrated within a particular location and/or group. There are two types of centralisation, the first involves organising workers into groups that support business processes for the entire organisation or across multiple organisations. The second organises workers by specific skill set and experience to provide services for the entire organisation or across multiple organisations. Provides economy of scale, reducing costs and overheads whilst providing resilience and can be used as a step in the direction of providing a full Shared Services model or an end state operational model in itself.
SEAS (Scottish Executive Accounting Service) provide a centralised Financial service for Scottish Executive, Agencies and NDPBs
There are many and varied types of services that are often associated with Shared Services and sometimes confused as being Shared Services. The section below defines some of the most common service provisions and their definitions. All of the services listed can be used to support a Shared Services operation, and equally all can be used to support centralised and distributed operations as well.
Became part of the business lexicon during the 1980s and often refers to the delegation of non-core operations from internal production to an external entity specialising in the management of that operation. The decision to outsource is often made in the interest of lowering firm costs, redirecting or conserving energy directed at the competencies of a particular business, or to make more efficient use of worldwide labour, capital, technology and resources. Fundamentally and historically, outsourcing is a term relative to the organisation of labour within and between societies.
Over the years various forms of outsourcing services have evolved and provide services for all type of business operations, eg Shared Services, Distributed and Centralised. Further definitions of outsourcing are as follows:
CapGemini provide ICT outsource services to customer across the UK from the Highland Region
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is the contracting of a specific business process, such as payroll, to a third-party service provider. Usually, BPO is implemented as a cost-saving measure for tasks that a company requires but does not depend upon to maintain its position in the marketplace. BPO is often divided into two categories: back office outsourcing, which includes internal business functions such as billing or purchasing, and front office outsourcing, which includes customer-related services such as marketing or technical support.
Use of a BPO as opposed to an Application Service Provider (ASP) usually also means that a certain amount of risk is transferred to the company that is running the process elements on behalf of the outsourcer. BPO includes the software, the process management, and the people to operate the service, while a typical ASP model includes only the provision of access to functionalities and features provided or'served up' through the use of software, usually via web browser to the customer. The most common examples of BPO are call centres, human resources, accounting and payroll outsourcing.
BT use Accenture and Xansa as BPO providers for Financial processes
Application service provider (ASP) is a business that provides computer-based services to customers over a network. Software offered using an ASP model is also sometimes called On-demand software or software as a service (SaaS). The most limited sense of this business is that of providing access to a particular application program (such as medical billing) using a standard protocol such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), a communications protocol used to transfer or convey information on the World Wide Web.
The need for ASPs has evolved from the increasing costs of specialised software that have far exceeded the price range of small to medium sized businesses. As well, the growing complexities of software have led to huge costs in distributing the software to end-users. Through ASPs, the complexities and costs of such software can be cut down. In addition, the issues of upgrading have been eliminated from the end-firm by placing the onus on the ASP to maintain up-to-date services, 24 x 7 technical support, physical and electronic security and in-built support for business continuity and flexible working. Customers of ASP services include businesses, government organisations, non-profits, and membership organisations.
The Covalent performance management system is used by a large number of councils across Scotland and UK
Hosted Service Provider (Xsp) is a business that delivers a combination of traditional IT functions such as infrastructure, applications (Software as a Service), security, monitoring, storage, Web development, website hosting and email, over the Internet or other wide area networks (WAN). An Xsp combines the abilities of an application service provider(ASP) and an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
This approach enables customers to consolidate and outsource much of their IT needs for a predictable recurring fee. XSPs that integrate Web publishing give customers a central repository to rapidly and efficiently distribute information and resources among employees, customers, partners and the general public.
Hosted Service Providers benefit from economies of scale and operate on a one-to-many business model, delivering the same software and services to many customers at once. Customers are charged on a subscription basis.
South


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A new study in the Journal of Crop Science shows how well DuPont Pioneer corn hybrids perform in drought conditions. This company news release says the multi-year study demonstrated the efficacy of Pioneer brand Optimum® AQUAmax® maize hybrid seeds.
"Through these and related research efforts, we are making real progress in understanding what contributes to drought tolerance," said Mark Cooper, research director, trait characterization and development at DuPont Pioneer, and one of the study's authors. "This will help DuPont Pioneer continue to deliver strong maize hybrids to growers around the world."
Key Findings from the Study
The multi-year study included comprehensive managed-environment research experiments, on-farm industry evaluation experiments and planting density studies. More than 10,700 U.S. farms provided extensive data comparing 78 of the Optimum® AQUAmax® hybrids to a sample of 4,200 industry-leading hybrids used by growers throughout the Corn Belt.
In the on-farm experiments, the Optimum® AQUAmax® hybrids were, on average, 6.5 percent higher yielding under water-limited conditions and 1.9 percent higher yielding under favorable growing conditions.
Under water-limited conditions, the Optimum® AQUAmax® hybrids yielded better in higher plant population situations (i.e., more plants per acre) when compared to the other hybrids. The yield advantage of Optimum® AQUAmax® hybrids compared to other hybrids became greater as plant populations increased.
DuPont Pioneer points out that water is the most limiting factor to agricultural and food productivity, causing annual crop losses of $13 billion due to drought globally. In the U.S. alone, since 1980, major droughts and heat waves have produced losses exceeding $100 billion, and in 2012, a severe drought contributed to historically high grain prices in the United States.


text: May be the author Eliza Wilson (Mrs. Robert Wilson) of Kirkdale, Liverpool, England. Diary entries describe the social life and travel of a British woman living in India with General Craigie, his wife, and daughters. They left England in November 1854, traveled by ship with stops in Egypt, and arrived in Madras in January 1855. The group lived in Madras but journeyed to other cities in southern India, including Bangalore, Mysore, and Vellore. There are references to the Sepoy Rebellion, _PHONE_, before Wilson departed India in 1860.


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DIN EN ISO 536
The mass per unit area (g/m2), also called grammage, is one of the basic properties. It represents the mass (g) in relation to a defined area (m²) of a sample.
It is used, among other things, for classification as paper or cardboard and is required for calculating other material parameters such as density, specific volume and various indices. The determination is gravimetric.
- ISO 12625-6 Tissue paper and tissue products - Part 6: Determination of mass per unit area.
- DIN ISO 3039 Corrugated board - Determination of mass per unit area of plies after separation


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for the standard Babylonian mathematics have already been identified. It also seems that the use of Tokens is also related to the invention of the Abacus and to the use of Quipus (String-records, such as used in ancient Peru)
Also some of the oldest instances of Tokens are recorded in Upper Egypt and the Sudan, going back to possibly 10000 BC or before. And this means that it was possible to transmit the entire Atlantis accounting of their military equipment by means of a set of Tokens fortuitiously preserved through the millenia.
Please note that the accountancy of the Military gear is one thing and the inclusion of the Mythology is another. Plato gave us a recognisable slice of Atlantean Mythology by way of its Egyptian recording, but that does not mean the mythology was actually TRUE. It is useful to know what their Mythology and Religion was like, but that is nothing like an actual historical record. What is recorded in the Critias that is actual practical matter of record is the accounting of the lots and military equipment, and the general description of the land. There was a rumor going around in Ancient times that Plato had gone to Egypt and bought scrolls to add to this dialogue. I would not doubt it because the language used in some of the Critias paassages is unusual for Plato: but this also means it is possible that the exact-accounts parts are added on by Plato as the reults of additional research. That would also clear up the mention of Triremes by Plato when Triremes had not been invented yet in Solon's time. And there is also an implication that the missing end section was also an attached document transcribing an Egyptian myth: Bellamy suggested that and it makes perfect sense.


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will begin to turn yellow and droop. Euphorbia Heterophylla will only tolerate the right amount of water to its leaves.
You should not mist your plant because it will make it ill and it will turn into a leggy plant and its leaves will begin to droop. Misting your plant too much will cause the leaves of your Euphorbia Heterophylla to droop. Misting your plant once every two days will be enough for it to get enough water and humidity. Euphorbia Heterophylla can sometimes tolerate a little water but not too much water.
Does Euphorbia Heterophylla Cause Cancer?
No, Euphorbia Heterophylla is not carcinogenic. It is said that the key active ingredient of Euphorbia Heterophylla extracts, anthraquinones, are antifungal and inhibit cell division in cells. However, no epidemiological studies have been carried out to verify this claim.
There is also a rumor that there is a link between the ingestion of crushed up Euphorbia Heterophylla seeds and cancer development. Euphorbia Heterophylla seeds are often crushed up and mixed into other foods in order to ease the effects of constipation, however any connection with cancer is currently unsubstantiated.
Is Euphorbia Heterophylla Safe To Ingest?
Euphorbia Heterophylla is not safe to ingest. The plant contains several toxic compounds such as protopine which can cause vomiting, cramping and diarrhea if ingested in large amounts.
Euphorbia Heterophylla seeds contain the toxic protopine alkaloid plumerin. Plant sap can cause skin problems if the skin is exposed to it for a long period of time. Contact with the eyes can also lead to irritation or temporary blindness.
Euphorbia Heterophylla plants are a parent danger to animals, including cats and dogs that consume their roots, as they contain cardiac glycosides which can cause gastrointestinal and heart problems, nausea and even death if ingested.
Euphorbia Heterophylla is used in Chinese traditional medicine for treating headaches and fever. However, there is no evidence that shows that it has any medicinal properties or that it has been proven to effectively treat any ailments in humans.


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Ming aralia, sometimes spelled as Ming aurelia and also known by its scientific name, Polyscias fruticosa, is a tropical, ornamental foliage plant commonly grown indoors in the United States. Native to the Pacific islands and areas of Southeast Asia, Ming aralia thrives in warm, humid conditions and cannot tolerate cold temperatures. Gardeners value the plant for its attractive, feathery foliage that densely covers its vertical branches, and well as its longevity and ease of care. The Ming aralia plant lives for many years when provided with proper maintenance.
Keep Ming aralia in a location that receives bright morning sun and partial afternoon shade, such as a north-facing window. Maintain a daily temperature of 70 to 80 degrees F and a nightly temperature of 60 to 70 degrees F.
Water Ming aralia just before the soil dries out completely, about once every 10 days. Apply water twice during each watering, once to re-moisturize the soil and again five minutes later to ensure that the root ball is soaked. Drain away all excess water to prevent the soil from becoming soggy.
Fertilize the plant three times per year, once in spring, again in midsummer and a third time in early fall. Use an all-purpose houseplant fertilizer diluted to half the rate recommended by the manufacturer. Water thoroughly after applying for the best results.
Mist Ming aralia plants with a spray bottle twice each day, once in early morning and again around noon, to raise the relative humidity of the air surrounding the plant. Use lukewarm water to avoid shocking the plant.
Repot the plant during February or March every two to three years to provide fresh soil and additional room for growth. Remove the plant from its current container and tap away any excess soil from the root system. Plant in a container 2 to 3 inches larger in diameter, using an all-purpose potting soil.


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The Allen-Bradley 1444-DYN04-01RA module is part of the Allen-Bradley'Dynamax family of intelligent I/O modules that are used to provide the integrated and distributed solutions needed to monitor critical machinery. The 1444-DYN04-01RA module can monitor and protect pumps, motors, gearboxes, fans, gas and steam turbines, high-speed compressors, and other reciprocating or rotating machines. In addition to this, the 1444-DYN04-01RA module can measure dynamic signals like strain or pressure, vibration, and position measures like rod position, differential expansion, or thrust. The 1444-DYN04-01RA module makes the measurements in real-time to protect the machinery from imminent failure. In addition to this, the measurements are further processed to calculate the acute fault indicating parameters that are needed to assess the current and predicted health of the machine. The 1444-DYN04-01RA module can be managed and configured via a Logix Controller and connected through an EtherNet/IP industrial network.
Just like the other parts of the Allen-Bradley/Rockwell Automation Integrated Architecture system, the rest of the system components like visualization products, controllers, and I/O products can be applied to fit the specific needs and applications of the 1444-DYN04-01RA module. The expansion modules for the 1444-DYN04-01RA module include a relay module, a tachometer signal conditioner, and an analog output module that can be configured and managed from the 1444-DYN04-01RA module, which is the main or host module. The 1444-DYN04-01RA module, which serves as the main module, also messages errors that are associated with any of the expansion modules listed above. The 1444-DYN04-01RA module can support the EtherNet/IP communication protocol and it comes with two RJ45 Ethernet ports. The ports can be used as either standard Ethernet connections, where the modules are connected one to another, or implemented via a DLR (Device Level Ring).
Repair Services for 1444-DYN04-01RA
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Cypress provides a reference design for Industrial camera applications using FX3 and Lattice ECP5 FPGA with HelionVision ISP IP. This article documents the architectural, functional, and design details of this reference design for industrial camera systems. This reference design demonstrates a combined implementation of FX3 and Lattice ECP5 FPGA to interface an image sensor with the USB Host system.
The HelionVision ISP IP is implemented on the ECP5 FPGA to interface parallel/LVDS image sensors, process the image data, and stream via the GPIF-II interface of FX3.The following block diagram provides an overview of the high-level design of FX3 + ECP5 FPGA with HelionVision ISP IP supporting the camera interface.
Figure 1: System Block Diagram
The hardware consists of the main board with FX3, and ECP5 FPGA with an interface connector to attach the image sensor board. Reference design schematic and board files are attached along with this article. The main board is tested using Sony IMX-236 - HDR-60 Head-Board 1080p (3.1MP) image sensor board with Sunex Lens (Part No.: Sunex PN DSL945) connected using an M12 holder. The hardware main board has a USB Type-C connector to connect to Host systems. Boot options can be controlled using a switch that allows booting from external SPI flash or USB bootloader. The FX3 and FPGA firmware can be merged and saved in the external SPI flash.
Cypress has tested the reference design hardware features using USB Video Class (UVC) framework implemented in FX3 with 1080p@30fps and 720p@30fps video resolutions and standard UVC video controls. The prototype system with a Sony IMX 236 image sensor is tested using ECP5 FPGA code developed by HelionVision and UVC firmware running on FX3. The FX3 firmware for the reference design uses the UVC architecture described in the application note AN75779– How to Implement an Image Sensor Interface Using EZ-USB FX3 in a USB Video Class (UVC) Framework. Note that this application note implements USB Video Class (UVC) Framework for an FX3 device. The GPIF II interface settings can be configured based on the Slave FIFO interface described in the application note AN65974- Designing with the EZ-USB® FX3™ Slave FIFO Interface. Refer to the Slave FIFO write operations section in AN65974 to understand the FPGA to FX3 interface. FX3 uses the standard Slave FIFO control signals available from the ECP5 FPGA to provide write access to internal FIFO buffers that can be committed to the Host system through the DMA channel present within FX3.
Note: Cypress can help users to develop FX3 firmware to support additional features. Contact Cypress Technical Support for additional board files, FX3 firmware and FPGA files to test prototype.


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Lake Shala, Shala also spelled Shalla, lake in south-central Ethiopia, lying in the Great Rift Valley. It is some 16 miles (26 km) long and 12 miles (19 km) wide, and in parts it exceeds a depth of 850 feet (260 metres). The lake has no outlet and its water is saline. A hot spring situated in the lake's northeastern corner is a popular attraction. Hornbills, starlings, sparrow-weavers, and other bird species thrive in the woodlands nearby. Lake Shala, along with neighbouring Lake Abiyata, is part of Lake Abiyata–Shala National Park, where more than 300 species of bird have been recorded.


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Tapping into the Curriculum: Stress Relief from Pre-K to Year 13
GUEST SPEAKERS: Meg Sharland and Bryony Moore share their experience with teaching self-regulation tools like EFT Tapping in the classroom for stress relief and helping students PreK to Year 13 access the curriculum. In this interview they talk about how they organize the training services they offer schools into 3 programs:
- Their Reliever program for relieving stress and overwhelm, helping school staff and students go from high stress to low stress states.
- Their Preventative program for building simple 5 minutes a day self-regulation practices into the school day to balance the nervous system and so assure a good foundation for learning.
- Their Elevator program for accessing higher brain states for peak performance.
Meg and Bryony are the co-founders of InvestED Education, a company that was awarded "Children Mental Health and Wellbeing Provider of the Year" in the years 2020-2021 as well as 2021-2022. As you hear teacher and EFT Practitioner Bryony Moore explain at the start of this interview, EFT is one of the main transformational tools that they use in their work with schools. You can learn more about their amazing results in schools in the video below.
TAPPING INTO THE CURRICULUM: FROM PRE-K TO YEAR 13
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Meg Sharland and Bryony Moore are UK-qualified teachers who have founded a training service provider called InvestED Wellbeing. They have worked with schools since 2009. Bryony's training in EFT and TFT was in 2020 with The Priority Academy. She has worked with various EFT Practitioners and modalities to develop her practice since. They work as a team to embed EFT as part of school life for the whole school's wellbeing, mental health, and behaviour in the schools they work in. Bryony is an EFT Practitioner who uses her ongoing EFT training experiences to work with Meg on adapting tapping scripts so as to be effective with all children from ages 3 upward. You can learn about InvestED Wellbeing's services at: investedwellbeing.co.uk/


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1997 the Department of the Interior added the Grove Street
Cemetery to the National Register of Historic Places.
Three years later the Department
declared the cemetery a National Historic Landmark, the first
cemetery so designated in New England, because "this
site possesses national significance in commemorating the
history of the United States of America."
the cemetery "represents a mile-stone in the development
of a cemetery as a distinct institution.
Its monuments reflect the history of funerary
art in America while its entrance gate is recognized as one
of the leading examples of Egyptian Revival style in the
"The Dead Shall Be Raised"
Thomas Clarke Williams


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Identification of Underwater Species Using Condition-Based Ensemble Supervised Learning Classification
Keywords:R-CNN, underwater images, fish species, deep learning, acquiring fish body images, segment, morphological
The aim of this research paper is to use deep learning and R-CNN features with open cv tools to detect and recognize different fish species from underwater images. The RCNN method uses a selective search algorithm to extract the top 2000 region proposals from millions of Regions of Interest (RoI) proposals in an image, which is then inputted to a CNN model for further analysis. The deep learning approach used for fish recognition achieved 85% accuracy. The focus of this study is on fish recognition in a natural lake to aid in preserving the original environment. To achieve this, the paper proposes a scheme for segmenting fish images and measuring their morphological features using R-CNN. The process starts with acquiring fish body images using a homemade image acquisition device, preprocessing and labeling the images, and then training the R-CNN model with the labeled images. The fish images are segmented using the trained model, enabling the extraction of morphological characteristics that serve as indicators of the fish.
Jung-Hua Wang, Shi-Kai Lee, Yi-Chung Lai, "Anomalous Behaviours Detection for Underwater Fish Using AI Techniques", IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp 224372-224382, Dec 2020.
Kristian Muri Knausgard, Arne Wilkund , Kim Tallaksen Halvorsen, "Temperate Fish Detection and Classification: a Deep Learning based Approach", ResearchGate ,May 2020
B.Vikram Deep, Ratnakar Dash, "Underwater Fish Species Recognition Using Deep Learning Techniques"-at 6th International Conference on SPIN,Mar.2019.
Lin Meng, Takuma Hirayama, Shigeru Oyanagi,"Underwater-Drone with Panoramic Camera for Automatic Fish Recognition Based on Deep Learning"- at IEEE Access vol.6,pp 17880-17886 Mar 2018 .
Nour Eldeen,Mohamed Hamed N.Taha,Aboul Ella Hassanien,"Aquarium Family Fish Species Identification System Using Deep Neural Networks"-at International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics pp 347-356,Aug. 2018.
Matzner, S., Hull, R. E., Harker-Klimes, G., & Cullinan, V. I. ,"Studying fish near ocean energy devices using underwater video." IEEE, pp. 1-7 Sep 2017.
Lee.G, Y. W. Tai, and J. Kim, ''ELD-net: An efficient deep learning architecture for accurate saliency,''in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence, Vol. 40, Issue detection: 7, pp. 1_13, July 2017.
M.Dumiak,"Lice-hunting underwater drone protects salmon" -at IEEE Spectrum,vol.54, no. 4, pp.9–10, Apr. 2017.
P. Zhuang, L. Xing, Y. Liu, S. Guo, and Y. Qiao, "Marine animal detection and recognition with advanced deep learning models," in Proc. Conf. Labs Eval. Forum (CLEF), pp. 1-9, 2017.
Nhat D. M. Nguyen, Kien N. Huynh, Nhan.N.Vo, Tuan Van Pham,"Fish Detection and Movement Tracking", International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC) ,2015
A.Rova, G.Mori, L.Dill, "One fish two butterfish trumpeter: recognizing fish in underwater video"-IAPR Conference on Machine Vision Applications, pp.404-407, May 2007.
F.Storbeck and B.Daan,"Fish species Recognition using computer vision and a Neural network", Fisheries Research, Vol.51, pp.11-15, Apr 2001.
Gandhi, L. ., Rishi, R. ., & Sharma, S. . (2023). An Efficient and Robust Tuple Timestamp Hybrid Historical Relational Data Model. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 11(3), 01–10. _URL_
Reddy, A. ., & Waheeb , M. Q. . (2022). Enhanced Pre-Processing Based Cardiac Valve Block Detection Using Deep Learning Architectures. Research Journal of Computer Systems and Engineering, 3(1), 84–89. Retrieved from _URL_
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Sandblasting is a process where sand is blasted at steel or metal to remove rust, paint, or oil on the steel. Shot blasting is a similar service used to clean steel. However, shot blasting uses tiny steel balls to clean steel pipe and tubing. Shot blasting is popular because it creates a unique texture to the steel and promotes better paint adherence.
Sandblasting and shot blasting are quick, cost-effective, and prepare steel surfaces for further processing. After sandblasting or shot blasting, paint adheres better to the steel and fabrication becomes much, much simpler. Sandblasting provides new steel with a mildly abrasive cleaning, so you are left with a smooth surface free of imperfections.
There are Two Types of Sandblasting Processes
 - Water-Driven- It is applied for reducing surface deterioration, most commonly water driven process is used for brick or concrete surfaces preparation
 - Air-Driven - This process is best suited for metal surfaces, to prevent moisture buildup and avoid water intrusion in the surface. Sandblasting is the process of propelling abrasive by using the pressurized liquid or compressed gas as propellant. There are many generic terms for this process that is generally related to the sandblasting abrasive media used for this process. Here are the details of abrasive materials.


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Definition - What does Caveat Emptor mean?
Caveat emptor is a Latin phrase that means "let the buyer beware."
Functionally, courts apply caveat emptor as a rule to limit the ability of purchasers to sue sellers when the purchaser failed to reasonably test, examine or inspect a purchased product.
When sellers attach a caveat emptor warning to what they are selling, they are typically warning purchasers that they must take what they buy "as is."
Justipedia explains Caveat Emptor
If someone was selling a used car with a caveat emptor warning, a potential buyer would be put on notice to take the car for a test drive, and to examine things like the engine, transmission and brakes before buying the car. Caveat emptor would prevent this buyer from suing the seller if, after buying the car, the buyer learned that the car's brakes needed to be replaced.
However, caveat emptor does not protect sellers if they engage in fraudulent or negligent selling practices. So, in the used car example, caveat emptor would not protect the seller if the seller promised the buyer that the car's brakes were in perfect condition.


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Youth & Young Adults Office
The Youth and Young Adults Office looks after the total personal and spiritual growth of youths from post-confirmation to the age of 35 by providing pastoral care, spiritual guidance and leadership development.
- To empower young people to live as disciples of Jesus Christ in our world today.
- To draw young people to responsible participation in the life, mission, and work of the Catholic faith community.
- To foster the total personal and spiritual growth of each young person.
The Youth & Young Adults Office oversees the following ministries:


Edit Article
Two Methods:Editing Text With Acrobat XI ProEarlier Versions of Acrobat Pro/Adobe Acrobat 8 and prior
Have you come across a wrongly-spelled or formatted piece of text in an Adobe Acrobat PDF file? Did you realize that you can edit this text? The TouchUp Text Tool in Adobe Acrobat will help you fix these mistakes. Learn how to use this feature from this article.
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Method 1 of 2: Editing Text With Acrobat XI Pro
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 - Note the green guide lines—those help you keep your text aligned with other text objects on the page you're editing. Holding Shift will snap to horizontal or vertical dragging.
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Method 2 of 2: Earlier Versions of Acrobat Pro/Adobe Acrobat 8 and prior
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 - The steps below for Advanced Editing apply to text edits that require additional tools such as changing the font style, color, or other options. those used solely by the Basic Editing tools.
 2. 2
 Realize that not all PDF documents are editable. There are some documents that can't be modified, even with Acrobat Pro.
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Part One: Basic Editing
 1. Edit Text in Adobe Acrobat Step 10.jpg
 1
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 2
 Open the document containing the text that needs to be edited.
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 3
 Select the TouchUp Text Tool. Click on the Tools menu, then select Advanced Editing > TouchUp Text Tool from the pop out menu.
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 Wait for the editor to initialize. This should only take a few moments to complete.
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 Select the word or phrase that you need to change., Double-click the text, or click and drag the text to highlight the phrase.
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 Type to replace the selected text.
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Part Two: Advanced Editing
 1. Edit Text in Adobe Acrobat Step 16.jpg
 1
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 2. Edit Text in Adobe Acrobat Step 17.jpg
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 Open the document containing the text that needs to be edited.
 3. Edit Text in Adobe Acrobat Step 18.jpg
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 Select the TouchUp Text Tool. Click on the Tools menu, then select Advanced Editing > TouchUp Text Tool from the pop out menu.
 4. Edit Text in Adobe Acrobat Step 19.jpg
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 Wait for the editor to initialize. This should only take a few moments to complete.
 5. Edit Text in Adobe Acrobat Step 20.jpg
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 Select the word or phrase that you need to change., Double-click the text, or click and drag the text to highlight the phrase.
 6. Edit Text in Adobe Acrobat Step 21.jpg
 6
 Right-click the selected text.
 7. Edit Text in Adobe Acrobat Step 22.jpg
 7
 Select "Properties" from the menu.
 - You can change the font type by clicking the drop-down menu at the top of the dialog box and selecting your font you'd like to use.
 - You can change the font size by clicking the "Font Size" box and typing your specified new value.
 - You can change the font color by selecting the "Fill" box and selecting a new color.
 - There are also other changes that you can make, such as character spacing, word spacing, horizontal scaling, stroke color (useful for bolding a phrase, since there isn't a bold or italic option available for editing), stroke width, and baseline offset size.
 - You can also embed the font into your document, however, most documents won't need their font to be embedded to be effectively viewed and understood.
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Ancient Jugs Hold the Secret to Practical Mathematics in Biblical Times Monday, June 4, 2012
Precise volume was measured by circumference, TAU researchers find
Archaeologists in the eastern Mediterranean region have been unearthing spherical jugs, used by the ancients for storing and trading oil, wine, and other valuable commodities. Because we're used to the metric system, which defines units of volume based on the cube, modern archaeologists believed that the merchants of antiquity could only approximately assess the capacity of these round jugs, says Prof. Itzhak Benenson of Tel Aviv University's Department of Geography.
Now an interdisciplinary collaboration between Prof. Benensonand Prof. Israel Finkelstein of TAU's Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures has revealed that, far from relying on approximations, merchants would have had precise measurements of their wares — and therefore known exactly what to charge their clients.
The researchers discovered that the ancients devised convenient mathematical systems in order to determine the volume of each jug. They theorize that the original owners and users of the jugs measured their contents through a system that linked units of length to units of volume, possibly by using a string to measure the circumference of the spherical container to determine the precise quantity of liquid within.
The system, which the researchers believe was developed by the ancient Egyptians and used in the Eastern Mediterranean from about 1,500 to 700 BCE, was recently reported in the journal PLoS ONE. Its discovery was part of the Reconstruction of Ancient Israel project supported by the European Union.
3D models unveil volume measurement system
The system of measurement was revealed when mathematician Elena Zapassky constructed 3D models of jugs from Tel Megiddo — an important Canaanite city-state and Israelite administration center — for a computer database. The jugs are associated with the Phoenicians, ancient seafaring merchants who had trading hubs along the coast of Lebanon. Using a statistical methodology, the team measured hundreds of vessels from the excavation, and discovered something surprising — large groups of these spherical or elliptic jugs had a similar circumference. This prompted the researchers to look more deeply into how the ancients measured volume.
The Egyptian unit of volume is called the hekat, and it equals 4.8 liters in today's measurements, explains Dr. Yuval Gadot, a researcher on the project. A spherical jug that is 52 centimeters in circumference, which equals one Egyptian royal cubit, contains exactly half a hekat. "In a large percentage of the vessels we measured, the circumference is close to one cubit, and the merchant could know that the vessel's volume is half a cubit by just measuring its circumference," he says.
When the researchers adopted the Egyptian system of measurement themselves instead of thinking in metrical units, many things became clear. For example, the tall round "torpedo" jugs packed into Phoenician ships in the 8th century BCE were found to contain whole units of hekats. Dr. Gadot believes that the Egyptian system of measurement gradually disappeared when the Assyrians took over the region, bringing their own methods of measurement with them.
A measure of political power
According to Prof. Finkelstein, elements of standardization in the ancient world hold interest because they are indicative of bureaucratic systems and reflect political and cultural influences. "The use of the Egyptian method is a strong indicator of Egyptian power in this region during a specific period of time," he explains.
"Working together with experts in mathematics and statistics, we have been able to provide new solutions for longstanding archaeological problems and debates."
For more archaeology news from Tel Aviv University, click here.


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SmartDraw 2018 For Mac SmartDraw 2018 Crack license key has an intuitive designing model where you can build your business in the new direction. It provides you the arrows and line for the connection of one shape with others. Chart-Based Diagrams A chart-based diagram is a type of diagram which shows how entities are related or connected to each other. Many studies show that learning by visuals is more effective than learning alone. In general, the diagramming software allows making three types of diagrams: chart-based, graph-based, and schematic diagram.
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(Adapted from a drawing by Kathy McNulty)
This drawing represents a typical layout of a rice plantation. The function of each building determined its placement in relation to the plantation house.
Questions for Drawing 1
1) What important element of a rice plantation is not indicated on this drawing? Where might this have been located?
2) What kinds of things can you learn about the people who lived and worked on this plantation from studying this drawing?
3) How have buildings been adapted or added for modern use?
* The image on the screen has a resolution of 72 dots per inch (dpi), and therefore will print poorly. You can obtain a high quality version of Drawing 1, but be aware that the entire file will take about 45 seconds to load with a 28.8K modem.


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Refitting track rods and ball joints
Use the nut to pull the tapered stud home.
Remove protective grease or other material from new parts. Compare them with the old ones to find which is left and which is right. Trying to screw on the wrong joint would damage both joint and rod.
To refit a ball joint to a track rod, grease the thread and screw the joint into place, giving it exactly the same number of turns as when the old joint was removed. Or screw it up to a mark you made earlier.
Do not tighten the locknut yet. Make sure the ball-joint stud is pointing straight up (or down, as appropriate) when in the middle of its travel, as the joint is flexed.
If not, twist the whole joint on the rod to bring the stud into line. Push the stud carefully through the bore in the steering arm.
If the stud revolves as you tighten the nut, jam it with a lever. Use a torque wrench later, for final tightening.
Fit the washer and locking nut to the stud, and tighten the nut to pull the tapered stud into the bore.
If a self-locking nut was used, replace it with a new one: a self-locking nut should not be used twice.
If the threads are stiff, the nut may make the stud turn so that it does not screw up.
Hold the stud by levering against the other side of the joint with a bar resting on the inside wheel rim.
Finish tightening the nut with a torque wrench set to the correct loading. If you cannot obtain the correct setting from a service manual or your local dealer, 25 lb ft (3.5 kg m) is about right.
If a castellated locknut is used, tighten it more, not less, to align one of its cut-outs with the hole for the split pin. Always use a new split pin. Insert it, prise it apart with a small screwdriver and bend the two halves opposite ways around the nut.
Hold the joint firmly while tightening the locknut.
Tighten a ball-joint locknut while you hold the ball joint firmly with a spanner or self-locking grips to stop it from turning. Otherwise the joint will be damaged.
Check that the toe-in or toe-out of the wheels is correct (See Adjusting toe alignment on wheels ). The setting is usually given in the car handbook. This check should be done by a garage if you do not have the equipment for it.
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Recently, we covered some exciting research being pursued by the University of Southampton relating to the use of 3D printing for the creation of uniquely shaped fiber optics. Though their technique will likely involve the selective laser sintering of pure glass powder, it has been brought to my attention by one 3DPI reader that Southampton's project is not the first to unite 3D printing and fiber optics. In fact, a team of researchers at the University of Sydney may have been the first to create fiber optics with 3D printing.
From the video below, you'll see that the process for creating optic fibers is a tedious, expensive, and time-intensive one. To create a single fiber, a long glass tube is heated to the point that silica and germanium particles are formed within, eventually forming a preform.


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The Nokia 808 PureView's 41 Megapixels Explained
The Nokia 808 PureView's 41 Megapixels Explained
Nokia pulled a huge surprise yesterday when they announced the Nokia 808 PureView, a smartphone with a 41MP camera. Our earlier hands-on provided you with a glimpse of the new Symbian Belle smartphone but we figured that you might be wondering about the real meaning behind this 41MP sensor.
So what does that number really mean, and do more megapixels translate to better looking pictures? What are the challenges of squeezing so many megapixels into such a small sensor, and why does the smartphone save its images in 5MP when it has a 41MP camera? We break down the 808 PureView's 41MP for you, step by step.
What's a Megapixel?
First, we have to break down what we mean when we say megapixels. Every image you see on a digital photograph is made up of tiny dots, each one called a pixel. A megapixel is a term for one million pixels, and it's used to describe the size of a digital image as well as the size of a digital image sensor. For example, when a JPEG image has a resolution of 4000 x 3000, it means that the image is made up of 4000 columns by 3000 rows of pixels. It has a total of 12,000,000 (4000 x 3000) pixels, and since that's a rather large number to say, we shorten it by describing it as a 12MP (12,000,000 divided by a million) picture.
Megapixel is also used to describe the total number of pixels on an image sensor. To create a 12MP image, an image sensor has at least 12 million pixels, or photosites, on it. Each photosite captures light as it passes through the camera's lens and hits the sensor, and translates that into digital information which is rendered into an image by the camera's image processor.
So when Nokia says the 808 PureView has a 41MP image sensor, it means that there are 41 million photosites on the sensor which can capture 41 million pixels' worth of information. But even though the sensor has 41MP, it can't really use all of them, and to understand why we need to explain the term 'effective pixels'.
Why the 808 PureView Really Shoots at 38MP, not 41MP
The next term we need to learn is effective pixels, which is different from the total number of pixels on a sensor. Even though an image sensor can have, say 12MP in total, it can't use every pixel for the simple reason that a sensor is rectangular and lenses are round. So there are always pixels falling outside of the lens' coverage, and the effective pixels are the actual number of pixels which remain to capture the light.
Which is why, even though the Nokia 808 PureView's sensor has a total of 41MP; the camera can only effectively use a maximum of 38MP when shooting at an aspect ratio of 4:3 (an aspect ratio of most photographs from digital cameras), and 34MP when shooting at an aspect ratio of 16:9 (the aspect ratio of Full-HD movies).
Do Too Many Megapixels Spoil the Picture?
Image sensors have limitations. Two sensors of different sizes, a larger one in a DSLR and a smaller one in a smartphone, can have the same number of megapixels, i.e. the same number of pixels on their sensors, but the larger sensor in the DSLR will produce a better image. That's because the smaller sensor is cramming more photosites onto a smaller surface area, thus each photosite is smaller and its ability to capture light is lessened. It's like two people who each have the same number of buckets to collect rain water, only one has much larger buckets and the other has smaller ones.
41MP is a big number compared to, say, 12MP, but if Nokia had gone the 12MP route, then it would have ended up with a sensor that had fewer, but bigger photosites, rather than many, but smaller photosites. In fact, that's what they did with the Nokia N8. While the N8 had a smaller image sensor, it captured data at 12MP and had a pixel size of 1.75 microns. In comparison, while the 808 PureView has a sensor that is 2.5 times larger than the one in the N8, because of the large number of pixels on the sensor, each pixel only measures 1.4 microns.
Generally speaking, larger sensors with larger photosites produce better looking images with less image noise and higher dynamic range. This is not always true, but if nothing else changes, increasing the number of photosites while keeping the sensor size the same tends to introduce more image noise and reduce dynamic range. The 808 PureView has a remarkably large sensor, as you can see in the comparison above. Not only is it significantly larger than image sensors used in most mobile phones, it's also larger than most digital compact cameras'. The worry then, isn't that the 808 PureView's sensor isn't large enough, it's that packing too many megapixels into a sensor of this size might adversely affect image quality.
But sensor size, while a reliable indicator of image quality, isn't the entire picture. Improvements in image quality can be made from advances to sensor technology and image processing. This isn't impossible; more megapixels have been crammed into digital compact cameras over the years while sensor sizes have remained constant, and some manufacturers have been able to do it while retaining image quality. Nikon's latest D800 DSLR camera shoots at 36MP, whereas its predecessor the D700 shot 12MP images with the same sensor size, and Nikon is claiming even better image quality than before.
If the 808 PureView Shoots at 38MP, Why Are the Pictures 5MP?
The 808 PureView's sensor captures at 38MP at its maximum resolution, and the camera can output images at 3, 5 and 8MP (5MP is the default setting), as well as a 'creative' shooting mode where you can save images at full resolution – 38MP with a 4:3 aspect ratio and 36MP with a 16:9 aspect ratio.
Nokia says that the secret to great image quality with the 808 PureView's image sensor is oversampling. What the camera does is it captures data at 38MP (when shooting at the 4:3 aspect ratio), but then down-samples or pixel-bins the image to a default output of 5MP. It does this by combining the information from several pixels to create a single pixel, in the case of 38MP to 5MP, seven pixels are combined into one. Nokia claims that by doing this, the 808 PureView's camera manages to retain image detail but reduce image noise.
Have you ever noticed that an image can look terrible when you look at it on a large monitor, but when it's scaled down to the size of your smartphone it looks a lot better? That's because the image's imperfections have been reduced along with its size – as well as detail. This is one of the benefits you can get from down-sampling an image. If an image looks noisy at 38MP, it will look better at 5MP.
While you can save images from the 808 PureView at 38MP, you lose the benefits of having the camera do the pixel-binning for you, because instead of averaging aggregate data from seven pixels, the camera is creating each single pixel from a'smaller' single photosite. But there should be more information saved in the 38MP data file, and through post-processing it should be possible to create your own 5MP that looks at least as good, or even better, as a 5MP file from the 808 PureView.
There is No Zoom
The 808 PureView's lens does not zoom; instead what the smartphone does is crop into the image to create the illusion of zoom. But the 808 PureView's digital cropping is quite different from the digital zooming used in most digital cameras.
On other digital cameras without optical (lens) zoom, zoom is faked by first cropping into an image and then enlarging the crop to fit the original resolution. For example, a camera may take photos at 8MP without zoom. The user tells the camera to zoom into the image, a section which may be turn out to measure, say, 4MP. The camera then takes this 4MP image and up-samples it by filling in adjacent pixels and creating an 8MP image. That's why digitally zoomed images never look as good as optically zoomed images.
The 808 PureView, however, doesn't up-sample anything. Instead, it's already captured a 38MP image, and when you tell the camera to zoom in, it's still able to create substantially large images just by cropping in. At its furthest zoom (approx. 3x for stills), the camera is able to create a 5MP image with a real number of 5MP pixels without up-sampling. It also means that the image isn't as detailed because the camera is now capturing with less pixels (5MP) than before (38MP) and you lose the benefits of pixel-binning. Thus, instead of calling it a zoom on the Nokia 808 PureView, it's actually more accurate to call it


» Ubuntu » Packages » lucid (10.04LTS) » misc » icicles
[ Source: icicles ]
Package: icicles (22.0+20091019-1) [universe]
Links for icicles
Ubuntu Resources:
Download Source Package icicles:
Original Maintainer (usually from Debian):
 - Sebastien Delafond
External Resources:
Similar packages:
emacs library that enhances minibuffer/input completion
Icicles lets you do the following:
 * cycle through completion candidates that match your current
 * use a pattern to match completion candidates, including:
 - regexp matching (including substring).
 - fuzzy matching.
 - prefix matching (as in vanilla Emacs).
 - command abbreviation matching.
 * use multiple regexps to match candidates, chaining these filters
 together like piped 'grep' commands.
 * see all possible complete inputs (pertinent commands, variables,
 and so on) that match your partial or regexp input: the list is
 updated dynamically (incrementally) if you change your input.
 * see all previous inputs that match your partial or regexp input,
 and selectively reuse them.
 * match input against completion candidates that do not match a
 given regexp; that is, complement the set of matches and use the
 result for subsequent matching.
 * use multiple regexps to search (and replace) text across
 multiple buffers, files, or regions.
 * search areas of text that have a certain text property, such as
 a face.
 * browse Imenu or tags entries that match your partial or regexp
 * create and use multiple-choice menus; that is, menus where you
 can choose multiple entries any number of times.
 * create and use multi-commands so you can perform an action on
 any number of candidate inputs any number of times.
 * perform set operations (intersection, union, etc) on the fly,
 using sets of completion candidates or other strings.
 * persistently save and later reuse sets of completion candidates
 (e.g. project file names).
 * complete input piecewise, against multiple completion
 candidates, in parallel.
 * complete key sequences, and navigate the key-binding hierarchy
 (this includes the menu bar menu hierarchy) (see also LaCarte)
 * sort completion candidates on the fly, in multiple,
 context-dependent ways.
Other Packages Related to icicles
 - depends
 - recommends
 - suggests
Download icicles
Download for all available architectures
Architecture Package Size Installed Size Files
all 634.1 kB2,252.0 kB [list of files]


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Theming Drupal 8 in (Neo)Vim using Vdebug
Igor Lakic
In this article, we will explore how to best utilize Xdebug when theming Drupal 8 in (Neo)Vim. While both Kint or VarDumper continue to be amongst the most widely used tools in this area, they are also rather slow and somewhat unreliable for debugging Drupal 8. Luckily for us, there are faster and more efficient ways...
Intro
Text editors and IDEs are subjects of many lively discussions among developers. Nevertheless, every developer has its own favorite one which is to a large extent result of differing underlying work requirements, personal preferences, or in-house software limitations. My personal choice lies with NeoVim, a highly configurable text editor that can be molded and customized to your liking.
In short, NeoVim can easily be turned into a full-fledged IDE, especially when you consider the plethora of available plugins. One of these plugins is Vdebug, a debugger that interfaces with XDebug for PHP and that can be configured to intelligently determine the root directory of a given project.
I'll concentrate on the NeoVim which I use in daily work, but the implementation is the same for both Vim and NeoVim.
What is Xdebug?
Xdebug is a powerful PHP development tool that is used in debugging projects, determining variables and arrays, evaluating variables, examining arrays, etc. And, unlike some other similar tools such as Kint and VarDumper, it will never end up consuming complete system memory and consequently "freeze" your whole system as is the case when examining deep arrays.
What is Vdebug?
Vdebug is a fast and powerful multi-language (PHP, Python, Perl, Ruby, etc.) debugger for (Neo)Vim. It interfaces with any debugger that faithfully uses the DBGP protocol, such as Xdebug for PHP. Some of the very useful features include:
 - Set and toggle breakpoints.
 - Step through your code line by line.
 - Step over functions and methods.
 - Step into and out of functions and methods.
 - Run the application to the cursor.
 - Evaluate variables under the cursor at run time.
 - Navigate objects and arrays.
 - Evaluate code and display the result.
Installing Vdebug
It is a good idea to first install one of the plugin managers for NeoVim. I'll be using "vim-plug" - a minimalist Vim plugin manager that is reliable and really easy to use.
To install Vdebug, insert the following line inside your "init.vim" ("vimrc" for Vim):
Plug 'vim-vdebug/vdebug'
Save changes, restart NeoVim, and run the following command:
:PlugInstall
At this point, the plugin is installed and you need to restart NeoVim once again to finish the process.
Xdebug configuration
Next, you will have to configure your Xdebug... If you're using Lando, you can just add the following to "config" section of your ".lando.yml" file :
xdebug: true
and then execute:
lando rebuild
In case you're using Docksal (Xdebug is not enabled by default in Docksal as it causes a 20% website performance hit when enabled), all you need to do is to execute these two commands:
fin config set XDEBUG_ENABLED=1
fin restart
Now you can verify that Xdebug was enabled with:
fin exec php -v | grep -i xdebug
Starting with Docksal v1.6.0 (and assuming the default stack is used), installing the companion browser extension is no longer necessary. Once Xdebug is enabled, debugging sessions will start automatically.
If you're using Lando or some other solution, it would be a good idea to install "Xdebug helper" for Firefox or Chrome. Make sure that the 'idekey' matches what you're using in Xdebug on the server (in this case, in Docker container).
DDEV users will have to enable xdebug in "config.yaml" with:
xdebug_enabled: true (it's disabled by default)
After changing, run again:
ddev start
Or if you want to enable it temporarily, execute these commands:
ddev exec enable_xdebug (to enable it)
ddev exec disable_xdebug (to disable it)
For more information on how to configure your Xdebug instance, check out the official Xdebug documentation.
Prepare Drupal 8 website for Xdebug
Once you're done with previous steps, you will have to configure Drupal 8 so that you can debug Twig (and php) files.
First, disable cache. This can be done with the help of "Drupal Console":
drupal site:mode dev
or manually by adding these lines in the "development.services.yml":
# Local development services.
#
# To activate this feature, follow the instructions at the top of the
# 'example.settings.local.php' file, which sits next to this file.
services:
 cache.backend.null:
 class: Drupal\Core\Cache\NullBackendFactory
parameters:
 http.response.debug_cacheability_headers: true
 twig.config:
 debug: true
 auto_reload: true
 cache: false
It is also advisable to disable cache on your Drupal site completely by uncommenting these lines in your "settings.local.php":
$settings['cache']['bins']['render'] = 'cache.backend.null';
$settings['cache']['bins']['page'] = 'cache.backend.null';
$settings['cache']['bins']['dynamic_page_cache'] = 'cache.backend.null';
After this, you won't need to clear your cache after every change in your php/twig files.
As one last step, you'll also have to install one of the following two modules: "Twig Xdebug" or "Devel" (which you probably already have installed on your Drupal instance).
We're almost there...
When using a Docker-based development environment, Docker container acts as a remote machine. So you need to map paths that will sync the local path (location of the project on your computer) with the remote one (location of the project in the Docker container) so that Vdebug can communicate with the Xdebug instance from the Docker container.
You can solve this an easy way by adding the following in your (Neo)Vim config file:
" === Vdebug setup ==="
" How much deep you can go into layers of variables
let g:vdebug_features = { 'max_children': 256 }
" Allows Vdebug to bind to all interfaces
let g:vdebug_options= {}
" When value is '0' it will jump straight to the file you're currenly debuging
" (no more stopping on 'index.php', autoloader line or something like that)
let g:vdebug_options['break_on_open'] = 0
" Use the compact window layout.
let g:vdebug_options['watch_window_style'] = 'compact'
" Sync the remote path ('/remote/path') with the local path ('/local/path')
let g:vdebug_options['path_maps'] = {
\ '/var/www': getcwd()
\ '/app': getcwd(),
\ }
The last 4 lines at the end are the most interesting for our configuration: First few lines of code are already explained in the code above so let me explain these 4 lines at the end.
On the left side, you can see the path on your "remote" location (in Docker container) and on the right side, you can see the function which will automatically determine the precise location of the root directory of your project.
Now, every time you start working on a new project, simply opening its root directory in NeoVim will map it as a root directory in Vdebug as well. To be precise, the "getcwd()" function will take care of correctly mapping the root directory in Vdebug.
This change is definitely welcome, as not long ago, this modification had to be made in NeoVim's configuration file individually for each new project, as local paths to different projects also differ. However, that wasn't the prettiest solution as it made NeoVim's config file look extremely cluttered. You could however, make local NeoVim config file just for that project