Like anything else, pneumatic robots have associated pros and cons. The case studies and other specifics here indicate how essential it is to evaluate the task at hand and determine whether the process is best carried out with a pneumatic system or another method
The Pros and Cons of Pneumatic Robots
Kayla Matthews | Productivity Bytes
When building robots for companies or buying them for industrial applications, professionals have several choices to make. One of them is the preferred power source. Pneumatic robots are controlled with compressed air. They have advantages and disadvantages, described in detail below.

Fluid Movements
One of the perks of pneumatic robots is that they can move quite smoothly. When requiring lifelike robots for films or theme park attractions, the Walt Disney Company often depends on pneumatic robots to provide lifelike experiences for viewers and visitors.
Disney's experts came up with a pneumatic tube system for characters such as those in its Hall of Presidents attraction, with a transmission stored in a robot's body instead of its arms. As a result, the movements it makes are fluid and seem real compared to prior non-pneumatic robotics applications that required large, heavy motors.

Comparatively Low Safety Risk
In contrast to gas-powered robots that pose explosion and fire risks if they leak, the safety hazards associated with pneumatic robots are low because only air escapes into the environment if there's a problem.
This advantage is one reason some factories use pneumatic robots in automation applications to speed up the workflow. At its facility in Kansas, Simmons Pet Food depends on an automatic pneumatic system to direct product ingredients through the proper stainless steel channels on the production line.
The plant improved its productivity by 35 percent after expanding its previous pneumatic system. It can now keep facility operations running 24 hours a day.

Low-Maintenance Options
Provided the professionals using them make sure the air compressor components are of good quality before investing in a pneumatic robot, these solutions require less maintenance than some other kinds of robots. That characteristic makes them ideal for robots that have lots of moving parts that could wear out.
The YuMi is an industrial machine that can work alongside humans as a collaborative robot or cobot. It has pneumatic grippers capable of handling delicate items, such as produce, as well as a wide assortment of other products.
Most similar grippers include hinges, increasing the possibility that they could wear out. However, the YuMi's pneumatic gripping system provides the movement with an air pressure and vacuum system, reducing the need for substantial ongoing maintenance. The system's grippers can even interlock, making them similar to human hands.

Less Control of Speed
When a company needs a robotic application that allows for precise tweaks of speed, an electric or liquid-powered system may be preferable to one controlled with air. That's because pneumatic systems do not allow for as much speed control compared to other options.
Therefore, additional investments may be required to supplement a pneumatic robotics system with other parts that provide for more speed control.

Higher Long-Term Operating Costs Than Hydraulics
Pneumatic systems have lower upfront costs compared to hydraulic systems, and that fact makes them initially appealing to businesses trying to keep costs low. However, over time, they could cost five to ten times more to operate than hydraulics.
Although a robot with hydraulic parts will be more expensive than a pneumatic one, it's also more efficient. That's because hydraulic systems work at higher pressures, making them compatible with small-scale actuators.

Prone to Moisture Buildup
If not cared for properly, pneumatic systems can have short lifespans due to a hidden problem: Condensation.
When moisture builds up inside pneumatic pipes, it can compromise the functionality of the robot and affect how long the equipment lasts. Factors including the humidity and pressure of the supplied air can influence the probability of trapped moisture.
To reduce the occurrence, some facilities use dryers to dehumidify the air before it enters the pneumatic system. However, even that precautionary step is not always successful, especially with the use of small actuators.
Also, condensation increases as the diameter of a pipe increases and the pressure used in the application goes up. Therefore, experts recommend using the smallest pipes and lowest pressure possible. A pipe material with high thermal conductivity, such as copper, can also reduce the amount of moisture in a pneumatic system.
Like anything else, pneumatic robots have associated pros and cons. The case studies and other specifics above indicate how essential it is to evaluate the task at hand and determine whether the process is best carried out with a pneumatic system or one that produces movement with a substance other than air.

The content & opinions in this article are the author's and do not necessarily represent the views of RoboticsTomorrow
Kayla Mathews - Contributing Author
Kayla Mathews - Contributing Author
Matthews is a tech journalist and writer, whose work has appeared on websites such as VentureBeat, The Week, VICE's Motherboard and Inc.com. She is also a senior writer at MakeUseOf and the owner of ProductivityBytes.com.
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Encompassing a mere four square centimeters and holding more than 5 billion transistors, the chip also features 1 million digital neurons that function via 256 million digital synapses. It's hard to ignore the chip's parallels to the human brain
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Contrary to sci-fi tales of robots taking over, there's an abundance of ways that robots help keep people safe. Across a variety of industries, robots are minimizing the chances of injury and death at worksites.
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text:
Researchers have developed a new protein-based sensor that can detect lanthanides, the rare earth metals used in smartphones and other technologies, in a more efficient and cost-effective way. The sensor changes its fluorescence when it binds to these metals. The protein undergoes a shape change when it binds to lanthanides, which is key for the sensor's fluorescence to "turn on", said the study.
To develop the sensor, the researchers used a protein they recently described and subsequently used to explore the biology of bacteria that use lanthanides.
Rare earth metals are found in varying quantities in smartphones. Neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, terbium, gadolinium and lanthanum are found inside displays and other electronic components of smartphones. These are further re-purposed in making components for cars, airplanes, lasers and even next-generation armour plating.
Researchers develop a new protein-based sensor that can detect lanthanides, the rare earth metals.
"Lanthanides are used in a variety of current technologies, including the screens and electronics of smartphones, batteries of electric cars, satellites, and lasers," said Joseph Cotruvo, Assistant Professor. "These elements are called rare earths, and they include chemical elements of atomic weight 57 to 71 on the periodic table," Cotruvo added.
Extracting rare earths from the environment or from industrial samples, like waste water from mines or coal waste products, is generally very challenging and expensive. They developed a protein-based sensor that can detect tiny amounts of lanthanides in a sample, letting us know if it's worth investing resources to extract these important metals.
China has a monopoly over rare earths, with an annual production of 105,000 metric tonnes. For comparison, its closest competitor, Australia, generates only 20,000 metric tonnes of rare earth metals. Further, China will impose restrictions rare earths production beginning in 2020. The US-China trade war has made matters worse for electronics manufacturers. This has forced them to resort to recycling these metals.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


More definition comments
From: Bijan Parsia
Date: Mon, 4 Apr 2005 23:38:16 -0400
Message-Id:
(In basic pattern, I guess it goes without saying that a basic pattern
is a *finite* set of triple pattens?)
""Definition: Substitution
Substitution is a function from a subset of the set of variables, V,
the domain of the substitution, dom(S), to the set of RDF terms, T.
 We write S(v) for the substitution of variable."""
Proposed revision
"""**A** substitution is a relation from a subset of V, its
domain,to RDF-T.
We write dom(S) for the domain of a substitution.
 We write S(v) for the substitution of **a** variable."""
(The articles definitey need to get in there.)
(If the editors want to keep "the set of variables V" etc. for clarity,
that's fine. But it definitely should be either T or RDF-T everywhere.)
(I have a worry about the S(v) notation, but will take it up below.)
"""Definition: Restriction
 If X is a subset of dom(S) and dom(S')=X and S'(v) = S(v) for all v in
X then S' is the restriction of S to X, written S|X."""
First, where are restrictions used? I see the word used in constraints
but it doesn't seem to be doing the same thing (i.e., there it is a
restriction on the *ranges*, not of the domain of a substitution).
Second, the definitoin and notation are confusing. Esp. if unused :)
Here's a revision:
"The substitution R is a restriction of S if dom(R) is a subset of
dom(S) and for all v in dom(R), R(v) = S(v). R is known as the
restriction of S to dom(R), and written rest(S, dom(R))."
Ok, the recursion on dom(R) is a bit ugly, but I'm unclear why we need
the restriction of Foo *to* Bar in the first place.
Definition: Pattern Instance
 If S is a substitution then the result of replacing any v in a basic
pattern P by S(v) is a pattern instance of P, written S(P)."""
So, pattern instances don't have to replace all their query variables?
In other words, not all pattern instances are rdf graphs, but some are
themselves patterns?
Where are pattern instances used?
BTW, I find having S(v) and S(P) mean different things *frightfully*
confusing. Also, S(P) isn't even a function according to the above
definition, since, given that S is
 ?x = ex:foo
 ?y = ex:bar
and a basic pattern
 (?x ex:baz?y)
S(P) can be (ex:foo ex:baz?y) and (?x ex:baz ex:bar) and (ex:foo
ex:baz ex:bar). Is that 'any' up there supposed to be an 'every'? (Or
read with the force of an 'every', as in 'any variable in P is replaced
by S(that variable)'?
I asked someone else how they read it and they read it the same as me.
(Note, I may have biased the reading.)
"""Definition: Pattern Solution
 A Pattern Solution of Graph Pattern GP on graph G is any substitution
S such that S(GP) is a subgraph of G."""
Undefined (and unlinked), Graph Pattern, graph, and subgraph. Note that
the last two are defined:
and are the same *assuming* that S(P) goes to graphs, not basic
patterns. Which I guess it must or this all makes no sense :)
I'm very unclear how bnodes play out. It seems to me that any query
with a blank node cannot have a match. On the one hand:
"Blank Nodes and Queries
A blank node can appear in a SPARQL query patterns. It behaves as a
variable, although it can not be named in the query result form, such
But it can never appear in a substition (given the definition of
substitution and the disjointness of V from RDF-T). I presume that
bnodes in query patterns are distinct from bnodes in the queried graph,
regardless of their lexical form, thus any Graph Pattern (GP) with
bnodes will lack any pattern solutions, since every S(GP) will fail to
be a subgraph of any other graph (at least, given the RDF Semantics and
the obvious meaning of subgraph). One could get around this by saying:
"""A Pattern Solution of Graph Pattern GP on graph G is any
substitution S such that S(GP) is simply entailed by G."""
Or if one is adverse to simple entailment, one could say:
substitution S such that there is a subgraph of G which is an
RDF-semantics-instance-of S(GP)."""
One could also expand the definition of Substitution, or of variables.
We've already liberalized the subject position, why not liberalize the
predicate position as well?
(Ok, I actually don't really want predicate variables to be bnodes
because I want to generate a OWL Direct model theoretic compatible
semantics, in which predicate variables are, in fact, metalinguistic.
But it is a solution. I don't think it'd be hard to extend the RDF
model theory to handle this extension.)
Received on Tuesday, 5 April 2005 03:38:20 GMT


text:
San Rafael's Davidson Middle School science building wins North Bay top project award
At the rapidly expanding Davidson Middle School at 280 Woodland Ave., the San Rafael City School District needed new modern, flexible space for its forward-thinking science and math program.
Working with a tight budget and schedule, the project team of Quattrocchi Kwok Architects and Jeff Luchen Construction completed a two-story modular classroom building with 10 integrated science labs, six prep rooms, student and staff rest rooms, an electrical and mechanical room, science courtyard and outdoor classroom spaces.
The project was completed in January 2020, creating a sustainable and efficient Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) building with 14,800 square feet of space.
Flexible indoor and outdoor spaces use the building itself as a teaching mechanism by integrating the exposed structural, mechanical and electrical components to promote student interest in building design and technology used in a modern school building.
Eco-friendly features include abundant and energy-efficient lighting and mechanical systems, fresh air circulation, low-flow plumbing systems and drought-tolerant landscaping.
The team's modular design effectively crafted the building's layout to maximize program areas and stay within budget. Materials were selected with sustainability, durability and cost-effectiveness in mind.
To increase interest, the exterior façade design carefully considered color and made use of two types of window treatments and shading systems.
With SIP restrictions, students were only able to occupy the new building for a few months before virtual learning went into effect, but school officials say this facility will be an asset as the staff looks ahead to make decisions around hybrid and in-person learning. The total project cost was $12 million.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A study on the impact load acting on an FPSO bow by steep waves
International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
Various offshore structures such as FPSO, FSO, Semi-submersible, TLP and Spar are operated to develop offshore oil and gas fields. Most of the offshore structures shall be operated over 20 years under the harsh environments at sites so that the offshore structures should be designed to endure the harsh environments. In this study, the effect of the impact load (so called slapping load) by the steep waves acting on the FPSO bow is investigated through the model test. For measurement of the
... pressures on the frontal area, a bow-shaped panel was fabricated, and installed the pressure sensors on the bow starboard side of the model FPSO. During the model test campaign, the impact load was investigated using the steep waves with Hs/l greater than 1/16 of the representative wave condition. Consequently, it is confirmed through the model test that the impact loads acting on the FPSO bow are significantly increased with the steep waves (Hs/l > 1/16) than the representative wave conditions of a maximum significant wave height and a pitch forcing period. Therefore, for safe design of North Sea FPSO, it is necessary to consider the steep waves in addition to the representative wave conditions and to be applied as proper structural load. Also, the effect of random seeds in irregular waves should be considered to build the safe FPSO.


text:
Taking hay fever tablets could land you with a huge fine and a driving ban.
Hay fever sufferers taking medicines used to treat the condition can suffer side-affects such as reduced vision, hearing and reaction times and could land you with a criminal record if you're in an accident.
Over-the-counter medication such as hay fever relief is covered under the same law as cocaine and cannabis that prohibits driving with drugs in your body if they impair your ability.
The offence carries a minimum one year driving ban and unlimited fine.
In serious cases you could be landed with a prison term and the criminal offence stays on your driving licence for 11 years.
Road Safety and breakdown organisation GEM Motoring Assist is warning hay fever sufferers to check their medicines carefully before getting behind the wheel, and to be aware of the possible effects these drugs can have on their driving.
Road safety officer Neil Worth said: "Some medicines, including those used to treat hay fever, can have an effect on your ability to drive safely. They can affect your vision, your hearing, your reaction time, your perception of risk and your ability to carry out a variety of tasks.
"You may feel sleepy, sick, dizzy or unable to move quickly. Your vision may be blurred, and you may also find it hard to focus or pay attention. Symptoms like this make you much more likely to be involved in a collision.
"The same road traffic laws apply to therapeutic drugs as to illicit substances, so if your driving is impaired and you cause a collision, you risk prosecution and the loss of your licence."
The organisation has put together a safety checklist for any driver likely to need a hay fever medicine:
- Ask your doctor or pharmacist if a medicine could affect your ability to drive. Be particularly careful if you are using a medicine for the first time.
- If you do experience potentially dangerous side effects from a medicine, don't drive. Organise a taxi or a lift from a friend if you need to travel.
- If you find a particular medicine is making you sleepy, consider asking if there is a non-sedating alternative available.
- It's not just prescription medicines that can cause drowsiness and other potentially dangerous side-effects. So, check with your pharmacist if you plan to use an over-the-counter drug.
- If you're unsure about the warning given on the medicine you're using, ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any risks… before you drive anywhere.


If you've ever been to an ocean, you've probably seen sand dollars on the beach or in souvenir shops. You may have even seen live sand dollars moving around on the sandy ocean floor. But what exactly are these creatures?
Sand dollars — sometimes called sea cookies, snapper biscuits, sand cakes, cake urchins or pansy shells — are species of flat, burrowing echinoids that belong to the order Clypeasteroida. Sand dollars are related to sea urchins, sea cucumbers and starfish.
When sand dollars are alive, they live in shallow coastal waters along the sandy ocean floor. Unlike the white color of dead sand dollars, live sand dollars are usually green, purple or blue. Some people think live sand dollars look like fuzzy cookies!
Live sand dollars are covered with a dense, velvety layer of short spines and tubular feet. They use these spines and tubular feet to burrow into the sand and move around.
You may have noticed that sand dollar skeletons feature a pattern that looks like a flower. This pattern is where the live sand dollar's tubular feet are located. In addition to helping the sand dollar move, these tubular feet also help direct food found on the ocean floor to the sand dollar's mouth.
Wonder What's Next?
We might need some help with tomorrow's Wonder of the Day. Can you lend us a hand?


text:
What is Bitumen 80/100
Bitumen 80/100 is a specific type of bitumen, commonly known as penetration grade bitumen. The numerical nomenclature refers to the penetration value, which measures the hardness or consistency of the bitumen. Bitumen 80/100 penetration values vary from 80 to 100.So this type of Bitumen Grade is soft and ideal for chilly areas. Bitumen 80/100 has a density of _PHONE_ kg/m³ at room temperature (0.98-1.05 g/cm³).
Production Process of Bitumen 80/100
Bitumen 80/100 production consists of numerous phases, beginning with crude oil extraction and ending with bitumen refinement and modification to obtain the needed qualities. Here's a summary of the production process:
Bitumen 80/100 goes through an important production stage called air blowing.
When the bitumen is blasted, hot air surges up through it. During this process, bitumen is oxidized and polymerized, modifying its molecular structure and improving physical qualities like as hardness and temperature sensitivity.
Overall, bitumen 80/100 may be manufactured depending on ASTM D 946 and AASHTO M 20 criteria.
Where is Bitumen Penetration Grade 80/100 Used?
Road building: Bitumen 80/100 is mostly used in road building. It acts as a binder in asphalt mixes, adding durability and flexibility to the road surface.
Roofing and Waterproofing: Bitumen 80/100's waterproofing characteristics make it an appropriate roofing material. It is widely utilized in the fabrication of roofing felt and membranes.
In rehabilitation projects, Bitumen 80/100 is used to improve the durability and strength of existing pavements, hence prolonging their service life.


Based just outside of Bordeaux, France, biotech Fermentalg is designing a groundbreaking street lamp that absorbs enormous amounts of CO2, over 150-200 times more than a tree -- using microalgae.
The microalgae street lamp is a tube-shaped tank filled with green algae. Each street lamp absorbs 1 ton of CO2 per year, more than 150-200 times more than a tree.
As 25% of carbon emissions come from car exhaust, placing these sci-fi looking street lamps on roads and parking lots could have an enormous impact on CO2 emissions.
Moreover, the lighting structure of the lamp operates on a battery that charges during the day by "microalgal photosynthesis". I understand that the microalgae will feast on CO2 and sunlight to grow and produce sugars - but I'm still unclear about how this energy is converted to charge a battery. Clarification anyone?
The algae street lamp was recently tested in a parking lot in Bordeaux.


text:
GetNodeByPoint — Finds the node-id of a node at a point location.
integer GetNodeByPoint(varchar atopology, geometry apoint, float8 tol1
Retrieves the id of a node at a point location.
The function returns an integer (id-node) given a topology, a POINT and a tolerance. If tolerance = 0 means exact intersection, otherwise retrieves the node from an interval.
apoint doesn't intersect a node, returns 0 (zero).
If use tolerance > 0 and there is more than one node near the point then an exception is thrown.
If tolerance = 0, the function uses ST_Intersects otherwise uses ST_DWithin.
Performed by the GEOS module.
These examples use edges we created in AddEdge
SELECT topology.GetNodeByPoint('ma_topo',geom, 1) As nearnode FROM ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=26986;POINT(227591.9 893900.4)') As geom; nearnode ---------- 2
SELECT topology.GetNodeByPoint('ma_topo',geom, 1000) As too_much_tolerance FROM ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=26986;POINT(227591.9 893900.4)') As geom; ----get error-- ERROR: Two or more nodes found


Skip to content
Quick Start
Getting started with using add Point Value Ingest API involves the following steps:
 1. Create an account and a machine user
 2. Create a JSON Web Token (JWT) by using the machine user credentials
 3. Make API requests using the JWT
Note
In the following examples we are:
 1. making use of a Linux/MacOS shell in which environmental variables are set using the export command. In other environments it may be different, e.g. Windows uses the set command instead.
 2. using the curl as a client. But the API can be used in any programming language with an HTTP Client, e.g. Go, Python, NodeJS, Javascript and Java.
Create an account and a machine user
The Getting Started page documents the required steps to get a hold of the clientId, clientSecret and partitionId.
Create a token
Use the values described in the Authorization section to construct the Create Token request.
Example request
export CLIENT_ID=<YOUR_CLIENT_ID>
export CLIENT_SECRET=<YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET>
curl _URL_ \
 -H 'content-type: application/json' \
 -d "{
 \"client_id\":\"$CLIENT_ID\",
 \"client_secret\":\"$CLIENT_SECRET\",
 \"audience\":\"_URL_\",
 \"grant_type\":\"client_credentials\"
 }"
To run this example yourself, set the CLIENT_ID and CLIENT_SECRET first.
Example response
{
 "access_token": "eyJ0eXAiOiUSJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJdGlhbHMifQ.MJpcxLfyOt",
 "token_type": "Bearer",
 "expires_in": 86400
}
The token, or JWT (JSON Web Token), is the value of the access_token property in the response. You can now use it by passing it in the Authorization header of any subsequent API requests. The expires_in property represents the number of seconds your token is valid, usually, the value corresponds to 24 hours. When this time has elapsed you will need to create a new token.
Now you have all you need to start using the API. As a last step of preparation set the token and partitionId as environmental variables.
export PARTITION=<YOUR_PARTITION_ID>
export TOKEN=<YOUR_TOKEN>
Make API requests
This guide will take you through the steps you need to perform to add point values.
Add point values
To add point values, the Post values operation can be used.
Push 1 to 100 values for given point in a batch.
Only one pointValue per millisecond will be stored. PointValues are dropped if there are timestamp conflicts, i.e. if a pointValue with the same timestamp already exists. Example with following pointValues:
 - 2022-07-11T11:11:30.333
 - 2022-07-11T11:11:30.222
 - 2022-07-11T11:11:30.333
 - 2022-07-11T11:11:30.444
The first is accepted (it's the first for time "30.333"). The second is also accepted. The third is dropped because it's the same timestamp as the first. The fourth is accepted again. The indices of dropped pointValues are listed in the response (0-based), in this example there is one conflict with index "2".
If there is no conflict status 204 is returned instead of 202.
Note: Use query parameter overwrite=true to force overwriting of conflicting values.
curl -X 'POST' \
 "_URL_ \
 -H "Accept: application/vnd.api+json" \
 -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
 -H "Content-Type: application/vnd.api+json" \
 -d "{
 \"data\": [
 {
 \"type\": \"PointValue\",
 \"attributes\": {
 \"timestamp\": \"2000-05-11T10:32:54.964Z\",
 \"value\": \"12.66\"
 }
 }
 ]
}"
In the response, you will find the values added for the pointId.
Note
For more details on deprecation policies and common API features such as paging, filtering and errors, refer to the Developer's Guide.
Community
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text:
Series of official or annual reports from LMS mission stations to LMS headquarters, relating to the missions in the West Indies or Caribbean. The reports series consists of detailed annual reports from missionaries in charge of mission stations, relating to the work of the station in education, medicine, evangelisation etc. The West Indies and British Guiana reports include details of mission out-stations, primarily for Jamaica. There are only a limited number of reports for British Guiana, and no reports for regions in the Caribbean outside Jamaica. The reports contain a great deal of information, including statistics and other information on the number of local converts and the number of local children attending mission schools, for example. Some reports were used in mission publications, and many have been edited for such use. Reports after 1883 are written by LMS agents in the field, as missionaries had effectively withdrawn from work in the region by that date.
The West Indies reports include reports from the following stations and outstations: Jamaica - Breadnut Bottom, Brixton Hill, Chapelton, Clarendon, Davyton, First Hill, Kingston, Prospect Penn, Ridgemount, Whitefield. British Guiana reports include reports from Berbice and Demerara, including Brunswick and Georgetown.
Reports include series by significant missionaries including: William Alloway (_PHONE_); George Bailey (_PHONE_); Thomas Henry Clark (_PHONE_); John Dalgleish (_PHONE_); William James Gardner (_PHONE_); William Harty; Alfred Joyce; James Milne. LMS missionary agents include James John Bowrey (d.1897) and James Watson.


Travel Safe
El Viento Cave
One of the largest lava tubes in the world
A visit to El Viento Cave gives you an insight into the role of lava flows in a volcanic eruption, and offers you the chance to see the whimsical forms sculpted by the lava in the bowels of the earth.
It is a veritable labyrinthine network of underground passages, with many unexplored ramifications. Its name ("viento" means "wind") is due to the significant flows of air that occur in its interior. Formed 27,000 years ago in lavas from the Pico Viejo volcano during its first eruptive phase, it is located in the foothills of the majestic Mount Teide. It is 18 kilometres long and consists of three superimposed levels, a phenomenon that has not been noted anywhere else in the world. It has beautiful geological phenomena like lava stalactites, lava cascades, side terraces and other ancient lava formations. It has been declared an Area of Community Interest. Visitors must wear suitable footwear and long trousers.
El Viento Cave
C/ Los piquetes, 51
38414 Icod de los Vinos, Tenerife (Canary Islands)
Eメール TEL：:+34 922815339 Webサイト:


Orchestrator Quick Tip: What's the Maximum Size of Parameters?
I see this question on internal discussions list every now and then, so I thought I'd answer it here to be helpful.
The question was:
Is there a maximum length for string parameters in the Initialize Data activity?
And if the answer is "yes" – what would the maximum length for string parameters be?
Let me answer the question by showing you the various points where data transfer occurs and the limitations applied at each point.
The maximum size for any data being passed along the databus is 2GB. This is because the OBJECTINSTANCEDATA table stores the value in a field sized to nvarchar(max). Of course, I would never recommend that you try to use 2GB strings as parameters to anything since the performance is likely to suffer quite a bit.
That said, the individual activities may impose smaller field sizes than this maximum. For instance, when you use an "Initialize Data" activity to start a runbook, and the runbook is started either via the Orchestration console or the web service, Initialize Data doesn't impose any size limits, so you could allow up to 2GB per property value. However, if you use the "Invoke Runbook" activity to start the same runbook, the "Invoke Runbook" activity imposes a limit of 2000 characters on any parameter value. Likewise, the "Write to Web Page" activity imposes a 2000 character limit on most properties, except the "Text" property allows the maximum amount, while the "Write to Database" activity limits most properties to 500 characters, while allowing 4000 characters for the database query data.
One special note about activities created using the Integration Toolkit. All of these activities are generic and are stored in the QIKOBJECT table. For these activities, all of the properties are stored in XML format in a single field named ExecutionData, which is an ntext field. According to MSDN, an ntext field can store 2^30 – 1 (1,073,741,823) characters, or 1GB. So keep that in mind when creating or using Toolkit-based activities… don't go creating activities that have multiple properties that will store huge amounts of data because the combined set of properties (plus the XML surrounding them) can't be over 1GB.
These size limits are not meant to be restrictive, but to help ensure reasonable size growth in the database. Most of the time, the data you use is Published Data which is essentially an internal hyperlink to the data from a previous activity. It doesn't copy the data over and over, replicating a bunch of wasted space along the way. In this case, the text length is actually short, even though the data behind it could be huge because each activity (Initialize Data included) could have that 2GB value availability. Then again, this is really only what is stored in the database. If you choose not to save any activity-specific published data (set via the runbook properties page), then this info is saved only during runbook execution and then discarded, so it doesn't end up bloating your database.
So the answer for the general question of "how big can parameters be?" is … "it dedends". It depends on the individual settings (field sizes in the DB) for each activity, but generally it can be as high as 2GB.


text:
Several different tools are used by wine-grape growers across Australia to manage under-vine weeds without chemicals.
Most growers use a combination of equipment to achieve good weed control. Cultivation is commonly used for non-chemical weed control, and the dodge plough (Figure 1) is still used as an aggressive tool for hard-to-control weeds.
A dodge plough breaks up the soil and turns it over, moving soil from under the vine to a mound away from the vine. A second cultivation pass later in the season, usually with a disc, returns the soil under the vine, rebuilding the mound and smothering many weeds in the process. The loosened soil that results from a dodge plough pass, is well suited to further weed control with other secondary cultivation tools (e.g. finger weeder, knife weeder).
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages: Dodge plough provide very effective weed control for otherwise hard to remove species and can help to break up hard, compacted soil.
Disadvantages: Dodge ploughs are slow and aggressive cultivation tools the require good operator experience to avoid damage to vines. They can damage soil structure and reduce soil carbon levels if used in soils that are too dry or wet. Repeated passes are required for long-term weed control. Under-vine cultivation can cause reductions in vine vigour in the first two years until the vine roots adjust by moving deeper into the soil profile. Can spread couch and kikuyu.
Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of a dodge plough
|Ability to reduce weed competition with vines||Good|
|Soil disturbance caused||Poor|
|Suitability in young vineyards||Poor|
|Length of weed control||Good|
When considering which weed control tools to use, it is important to base the decision on each vineyard's individual characteristics. Factors such as soil type and condition; slope; rainfall and water availability; weed pressure; vine age; vine vigour; fruit end-use targets; weather conditions; and compatibility with existing infrastructure and equipment should all be considered.
Table 2. Ease of using a dodge plough on different soil types
|Large or excessive stones||Difficult|
*Can be difficult in wet or very dry soils
- Control weeds when they are small.
- Any mechanical weed control operation is most effective in hot, dry weather with dry soils.
- Cultivation may be damaging to soil in very wet or very dry conditions.
- The first cultivation pass may pull up rocks. Remove large rocks manually.
Handpicked Wines in the cool climate region of the Yarra Valley uses a dodge plough to clean up hard woody weeds such as mallow that are left behind by less aggressive cultivation tools such as the finger weeder and knife weeder.
Organic Winegrowers New Zealand. 2017. Undervine weed management – A practical guide to effective weed control in organic vineyards.
NSW Agriculture. 1993. How cultivation affects soil.
For further information, please contact:
Phone 08 8313 6600 Email _EMAIL_


text:
Elder Oaks promotes strengthening the free exercise of religion
Becket Fund honors LDS Church leader with Canterbury Medal
The opposite tendency to define religion too broadly "is more seductive and more dangerous," he said. "We already see the tendency to describe religious freedom as 'freedom of conscience' — whatever its source. That definition can deny the protection of the free exercise guarantee to churches and the organizations through which believers exercise their faith.
Expanding the definition of religion to systems of belief not based on a Divine Being, poses the risk of diluting free exercise protections, he said, and noted that "when religion has no more right to free exercise than irreligion or any other secular philosophy, the whole newly expanded category of 'religion' is likely to diminish in significance."
Elder Oaks spoke of some encouraging developments during the past five years. He mentioned the work of the Becket Fund; advocacy of many influential religious leaders; formation and work of the American Religious Freedom Program, under the auspices of the Ethics and Public Policy Center; and "the turning tide of scholarly support for the free exercise of religion as it applies to important social issues."
He said there are encouraging signs that the American public "is awakening to the importance of strengthening religious freedom." He cited studies that show that a fourth of Americans consider religion to be the First Amendment freedom most threatened, and that significant majorities of all faith traditions — even including those not religious affiliated — said they support organizations that protect the religious freedom of all religions.
Elder Oaks referred to the New Testament account recorded in Mark 12:14-17, in which Jesus used a coin to teach the principle that people have obligations to civil government as well as to divine authority.
"Similarly, a two-sided coin reminds us of our two-fold duties to truth and to tolerance. In our efforts to strengthen religious freedom, we must always remember that the truth of our cause does not free us from our duty of tolerance toward those who differ."
Paul S. Edwards, Deseret News editor, contributed to this report.
- LDS Church releases 'A Savior is Born'...
- LDS First Presidency calls 8 new MTC presidents
- New Joseph Smith Papers volume provides...
- MTC missionaries spend Thanksgiving preparing...
- Elder Oaks gives special Thanksgiving...
- A lesson a little girl learned while seeing...
- Traditions old and new celebrated as Temple...
- BYUtv docudrama 'Joan of Arc' shares...
- Elder Ballard visits refugee camps in... 25
- MTC missionaries spend Thanksgiving... 11
- LDS World: How events in Paris are a... 10
- Defending the Faith: Reasons for... 8
- Wright Words: Why Thanksgiving is... 4
- A lesson a little girl learned while... 3
- Lexi Walker performs arrangement of... 2
- The most grateful religions in America,... 2


text:
What is a Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP)?An SHSP is a statewide-coordinated safety plan that provides a comprehensive framework for reducing highway fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. The SHSP strategically establishes statewide goals, objectives and key emphasis areas developed in consultation with federal, state, local and private sector safety stakeholders.
The SHSP plan process is a requirement of the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP). In general, the federal HSIP requires that state transportation departments develop an SHSP that:
- Includes consultation from a variety of stakeholders during the development process.
- Analyzes and makes effective use of crash data.
- Addresses the 4Es plus management and operations. (The 4Es are engineering, enforcement, education and emergency services.)
- Considers the safety needs of all public roads.
- Describes a program of projects or strategies to reduce or eliminate safety hazards.
- Is implemented and evaluated.
When will Iowa's SHSP be revised?Over the next few months, the Iowa DOT, along with many highway safety interests, will discuss and then develop an updated Strategic Highway Safety Plan.
Why now?The Iowa Comprehensive Highway Safety Plan was developed in 2006 and a peer review was conducted in 2011. It is time for an update.
How is the Iowa SHSP developed?This effort is led by the Office of Traffic and Safety and will be similar to the 2006 Iowa Comprehensive Highway Safety Plan. The process will include collaboration to analyze Iowa safety data, and identify safety improvement strategies and opportunities.
For more information, contact: SHSP program manager

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
IMPT | Can new ideas sketched out on a sheet of paper also be produced on paper? Is it possible to integrate sensors for computers or smartphones into a sheet of paper? Scientists of the Institute of Micro Production Technology (IMPT) are working on this vision of the future.
Paper is a sustainable, low-cost and abundant material. But is it suited for the production of technical devices? "Yes", says Meriem Akin of IMPT. Within the scope of her doctoral thesis, she developed a paper-based sensor and was supported by young academics from the U.S.A.: This year, Autumn Pratt and Jenny Blackburn came over as visiting scientists for short research periods at IMPT.
The so-called anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensor placed in a magnetic field is able to sense rotary motion. For example, AMR sensors are capable of sensing whether a smartphone is held vertically or horizontally. Sensors are usually produced on semiconductor material, such as silicon substrate, which is five times as thick as a sheet of paper. So the unconventional material could help to produce even thinner sensors – and to make use of previously high-cost technologies at a more favourable price.
In the first place, however, paper would be able to provide for a sustainable production technology, since cellulose is a renewable resource. "Paper can be used for a lot more than just for disposable cups and newspapers", says Meriem Akin.


text:
Main Industries annually accomplishes millions of square feet of surface preparation by abrasive blasting. Most confined spaces such as tanks and voids are blasted using "black-beauty" as a blast media. However, the use of other abrasives; garnet, aluminum oxide and recyclable steel grit are also available.
Main is capable of using a wide variety of blast media such as steel shot, polymer-matrix sponge, walnut, or garnet, depending on the substrate or the customer's specific needs. An abrasive blast job for Main Industries usually involves the preservation of tanks and voids or other complex interior compartments. Main preserves all types of tanks such as fuel tanks, ballast tanks, potable water tanks, cargo tanks, sewage tanks, double bottom tanks etc. It is not unusual for Main Industries to blast and coat 20 to 50 tanks during a scheduled dry-docking. In most work packages, Main removes all previous coatings by preparing the substrate to the specified standard, however, spot repair services are also available. Main then applies the specified coating systems. These efforts too are usually accomplished during an aggressive dry-docking schedule however tank/interior abrasive blasting can also be performed pier side.


Gender: Female
Origin: Greek
Meaning: Amber
What is the meaning of the name Elektra?
The name Elektra is primarily a female name of Greek origin that means Amber.
Electra is a classic play (and title character) by Sophocles. Mourning Becomes Electra is a play cycle written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill. Carmen Electra is a famous model and actress.
Different Spellings of the name Elektra:
People who like the name Elektra also like:
Odessa, Ava, Aurora, Jasmine, Phaedra, Cora, Aria, Xander, Andreas, Ronan, Etienne, Kian, Sebastian, Evander
Names that sound like Elektra:
Stats for the Name Elektra
checkmark Elektra is currently not ranked on the Baby Names Popularity Charts
checkmark Elektra is currently not ranked in U.S. births
Listen to the Podcast


out number 2
Boot media locking button
Callout number 3
Replacement System Management module
 1. Remove the System Management module from the impaired controller module:
 1. Depress the system management cam button. The cam lever moves away from the chassis.
 2. Rotate the cam lever all the way down.
 3. Loop your finger into the cam lever and pull the module straight out of the system.
 2. Install the system management module into the replacement controller module in the same slot that it was in on the impaired controller module:
 1. Align the edges of the System Management module with the system opening and gently push it into the controller module.
 2. Gently slide the module into the slot until the cam latch begins to engage with the I/O cam pin, and then rotate the cam latch all the way up to lock the module in place.
Step 8: Move the NVRAM module
Move the NVRAM module to the replacement controller module.
Remove the NVRAM12 module and DIMMs
Callout number 1
Cam locking button
Callout number 2
DIMM locking tab
 1. Remove the NVRAM module from the impaired controller module:
 1. Depress the cam latch button.
 The cam button moves away from the chassis.
 2. Rotate the cam latch as far as it will go.
 3. Remove the NVRAM module from the enclosure by hooking your finger into the cam lever opening and pulling the module out of the enclosure.
 2. Install the NVRAM module into slot 4/5 in the replacement controller module:
 1. Align the module with the edges of the chassis opening in slot 4/5.
 2. Gently slide the module into the slot all the way, and then push the cam latch all the way up to lock the module in place.
Step 9: Install the controller module
Reinstall the controller module and reboot it.
 1. Ensure the air duct is completely closed by rotating it down as far as it will go.
 It must lie flush against the controller module sheet metal.
 2. Align the end of the controller module with the opening in the chassis, and then gently push the controller module halfway into the system.
 Note Do not completely insert the controller module in the chassis until instructed to do so.
 3. Recable the system, as needed.
 If you removed the transceivers (QSFPs or SFPs), remember to reinstall them if you are using fiber optic cables.
 4. Complete the reinstallation of the controller module:
 1. Firmly push the controller module into the chassis until it meets the midplane and is fully seated.
 The locking latches rise when the controller module is fully seated.
 Note Do not use excessive force when sliding the controller module into the chassis to avoid damaging the connectors.
 1. Rotate the locking latches upward into the locked position.
 5. Plug the power cords into the power supplies.
 Note If you have DC power supplies, reconnect the power block to the power supplies after the controller module is fully seated in the chassis.
 The controller module boots when power is restored. If it boots to the LOADER prompt, reboot the controller with the boot_ontap command.
 6. Restore automatic giveback if you disabled it by using the storage failover modify -node local -auto-giveback true command.
 7. If AutoSupport is enabled, restore/unsuppress automatic case creation by using the system node autosupport invoke -node * -type all -message MAINT=END command.
 8. If you have not already done so, reinstall the cable management device and recable the controller.


Orientation (vector space)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Orientation (mathematics))
Jump to: navigation, search
The left-handed orientation is shown on the left, and the right-handed on the right.
In mathematics, orientation is a geometric notion that in two dimensions allows one to say when a cycle goes around clockwise or counterclockwise, and in three dimensions when a figure is left-handed or right-handed. In linear algebra, the notion of orientation makes sense in arbitrary dimensions. In this setting, the orientation of an ordered basis is a kind of asymmetry that makes a reflection impossible to replicate by means of a simple rotation. Thus, in three dimensions, it is impossible to make the left hand of a human figure into the right hand of the figure by applying a rotation alone, but it is possible to do so by reflecting the figure in a mirror. As a result, in the three-dimensional Euclidean space, the two possible basis orientations are called right-handed and left-handed (or right-chiral and left-chiral).
The orientation on a real vector space is the arbitrary choice of which ordered bases are "positively" oriented and which are "negatively" oriented. In the three-dimensional Euclidean space, right-handed bases are typically declared to be positively oriented, but the choice is arbitrary, as they may also be assigned a negative orientation. A vector space with an orientation is called an oriented vector space, while one without a choice of orientation is called unoriented.
Definition
Let V be a finite-dimensional real vector space and let b1 and b2 be two ordered bases for V. It is a standard result in linear algebra that there exists a unique linear transformation A : VV that takes b1 to b2. The bases b1 and b2 are said to have the same orientation (or be consistently oriented) if A has positive determinant; otherwise they have opposite orientations. The property of having the same orientation defines an equivalence relation on the set of all ordered bases for V. If V is non-zero, there are precisely two equivalence classes determined by this relation. An orientation on V is an assignment of +1 to one equivalence class and −1 to the other.1
Every ordered basis lives in one equivalence class or another. Thus any choice of a privileged ordered basis for V determines an orientation: the orientation class of the privileged basis is declared to be positive. For example, the standard basis on Rn provides a standard orientation on Rn (in turn, the orientation of the standard basis depends on the orientation of the Cartesian coordinate system on which it is built). Any choice of a linear isomorphism between V and Rn will then provide an orientation on V.
The ordering of elements in a basis is crucial. Two bases with a different ordering will differ by some permutation. They will have the same/opposite orientations according to whether the signature of this permutation is ±1. This is because the determinant of a permutation matrix is equal to the signature of the associated permutation.
Similarly, let A be a nonsingular linear mapping of vector space Rn to Rn. This mapping is orientation-preserving if its determinant is positive.2 For instance, in R3 a rotation around the Z Cartesian axis by an angle α is orientation-preserving:
\bold {A}_1 = \begin{pmatrix}
 \cos \alpha & -\sin \alpha & 0 \\
 \sin \alpha & \cos \alpha & 0 \\
 0 & 0 & 1
\end{pmatrix}
while a reflection by the XY Cartesian plane is not orientation-preserving:
\bold {A}_2 = \begin{pmatrix}
 1 & 0 & 0 \\
 0 & 1 & 0 \\
 0 & 0 & -1
\end{pmatrix}
Zero-dimensional case
The concept of orientation defined above did not quite apply to zero-dimensional vector spaces (as the only empty matrix is the identity (with determinant 1), so there will be only one equivalence class). However, it is useful to be able to assign different orientations to a point (e.g. orienting the boundary of a 1-dimensional manifold). A more general definition of orientation that works regardless of dimension is the following: An orientation on V is a map from the set of ordered bases of V to the set \{\pm 1\} that is invariant under base changes with positive determinant and changes sign under base changes with negative determinant (it is equivarient with respect to the homomorphism GL_n \to \pm 1). The set of ordered bases of the zero-dimensional vector space has one element (the empty set), and so there are two maps from this set to \{\pm 1\}.
A subtle point is that a zero-dimensional vector space is naturally (canonically) oriented, so we can talk about an orientation being positive (agreeing with the canonical orientation) or negative (disagreeing). An application is interpreting the Fundamental theorem of calculus as a special case of Stokes' theorem.
Two ways of seeing this are:
 - A zero-dimensional vector space is a point, and there is a unique map from a point to a point, so every zero-dimensional vector space is naturally identified with R0, and thus is oriented.
 - The 0th exterior power of a vector space is the ground field K, which here is R1, which has an orientation (given by the standard basis).
Alternate viewpoints
Multilinear algebra
For any n-dimensional real vector space V we can form the kth-exterior power of V, denoted ΛkV. This is a real vector space of dimension \tbinom{n}{k}. The vector space ΛnV (called the top exterior power) therefore has dimension 1. That is, ΛnV is just a real line. There is no a priori choice of which direction on this line is positive. An orientation is just such a choice. Any nonzero linear form ω on ΛnV determines an orientation of V by declaring that x is in the positive direction when ω(x) > 0. To connect with the basis point of view we say that the positively oriented bases are those on which ω evaluates to a positive number (since ω is an n-form we can evaluate it on an ordered set of n vectors, giving an element of R). The form ω is called an orientation form. If {ei} is a privileged basis for V and {ei*} is the dual basis, then the orientation form giving the standard orientation is e1*e2*∧…∧en*.
The connection of this with the determinant point of view is: the determinant of an endomorphism T\colon V \to V can be interpreted as the induced action on the top exterior power.
Lie group theory
Let B be the set of all ordered bases for V. Then the general linear group GL(V) acts freely and transitively on B. (In fancy language, B is a GL(V)-torsor). This means that as a manifold, B is (noncanonically) homeomorphic to GL(V). Note that the group GL(V) is not connected, but rather has two connected components according to whether the determinant of the transformation is positive or negative (except for GL0, which is the trivial group and thus has a single connected component; this corresponds to the canonical orientation on a zero-dimensional vector space). The identity component of GL(V) is denoted GL+(V) and consists of those transformations with positive determinant. The action of GL+(V) on B is not transitive: there are two orbits which correspond to the connected components of B. These orbits are precisely the equivalence classes referred to above. Since B does not have a distinguished element (i.e. a privileged basis) there is no natural choice of which component is positive. Contrast this with GL(V) which does have a privileged component: the component of the identity. A specific choice of homeomorphism between B and GL(V) is equivalent to a choice of a privileged basis and therefore determines an orientation.
More formally: \pi_0(GL(V)) = (GL(V)/GL^+(V) = \{\pm 1\}, and the Stiefel manifold of n-frames in V is a GL(V)-torsor, so V_n(V)/GL^+(V) is a torsor over \{\pm 1\}, i.e., it's 2 points, and a choice of one of them is an orientation.
Geometric algebra
Parallel plane segments with the same attitude, magnitude and orientation, all corresponding to the same bivector ab.3
The various objects of geometric algebra are charged with three attributes or features: attitude, orientation, and magnitude.4 For example, a vector has an attitude given by a straight line parallel to it, an orientation given by its sense (often indicated by an arrowhead) and a magnitude given by its length. Similarly, a bivector in three dimensions has an attitude given by the family of planes associated with it (possibly specified by the normal line common to these planes 5), an orientation (sometimes denoted by a curved arrow in the plane) indicating a choice of sense of traversal of its boundary (its circulation), and a magnitude given by the area of the parallelogram defined


Describing and referring to LEDs in ACPI
Individual LEDs are described by hierarchical data extension [5] nodes under the device node, the LED driver chip. The "reg" property in the LED specific nodes tells the numerical ID of each individual LED output to which the LEDs are connected. [leds] The hierarchical data nodes are named "led@X", where X is the number of the LED output.
Referring to LEDs in Device tree is documented in [video-interfaces], in "flash-leds" property documentation. In short, LEDs are directly referred to by using phandles.
While Device tree allows referring to any node in the tree [devicetree], in ACPI references are limited to device nodes only [acpi]. For this reason using the same mechanism on ACPI is not possible. A mechanism to refer to non-device ACPI nodes is documented in [data-node-ref].
ACPI allows (as does DT) using integer arguments after the reference. A combination of the LED driver device reference and an integer argument, referring to the "reg" property of the relevant LED, is used to identify individual LEDs. The value of the "reg" property is a contract between the firmware and software, it uniquely identifies the LED driver outputs.
Under the LED driver device, The first hierarchical data extension package list entry shall contain the string "led@" followed by the number of the LED, followed by the referred object name. That object shall be named "LED" followed by the number of the LED.
Example
An ASL example of a camera sensor device and a LED driver device for two LEDs is show below. Objects not relevant for LEDs or the references to them have been omitted.
Device (LED)
{
 Name (_DSD, Package () {
 ToUUID("dbb8e3e6-5886-4ba6-8795-1319f52a966b"),
 Package () {
 Package () { "led@0", LED0 },
 Package () { "led@1", LED1 },
 }
 })
 Name (LED0, Package () {
 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
 Package () {
 Package () { "reg", 0 },
 Package () { "flash-max-microamp", _PHONE_ },
 Package () { "flash-timeout-us", 200000 },
 Package () { "led-max-microamp", 100000 },
 Package () { "label", "white:flash" },
 }
 })
 Name (LED1, Package () {
 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
 Package () {
 Package () { "reg", 1 },
 Package () { "led-max-microamp", 10000 },
 Package () { "label", "red:indicator" },
 }
 })
}
Device (SEN)
{
 Name (_DSD, Package () {
 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
 Package () {
 Package () {
 "flash-leds",
 Package () { ^LED, "led@0", ^LED, "led@1" },
 }
 }
 })
}
where
LED LED driver device
LED0 First LED
LED1 Second LED
SEN Camera sensor device (or another device the LED is related to)
References
[acpi] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification.
_URL_ referenced 2021-11-30.
[data-node-ref] Referencing hierarchical data nodes
[devicetree] Devicetree. _URL_, referenced 2019-02-21.
[dsd-guide] DSD Guide.
_URL_ referenced 2021-11-30.
[leds] Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/common.yaml
[video-interfaces] Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/video-interfaces.yaml


text:
The Distance from Bard to Vassar is an essential one to plan our travel. It helps to calculate the travel time to reach Vassar and bus fare from Bard. Our travel distance is from google map.
Bard to Vassar route map is integrated with google map. The blue line between Bard to Vassar indicate your travel route. The given travel route can be changed by changing way points using drag and drop option.
Bard to Vassar driving direction guides for your travel along the route. It shows the direction whether you have to go straight, turn left, turn right. or slight turn. The different shape arrow symbol indicate the direction to reach Vassar. The given Bard to Vassar direction is split into separate laps and the serial number has been given along with narration and distance in mile or kilometer. It also shows the highway number. The balloon A indicate the starting point Bard and the balloon B indicate the destination Vassar.
Bard to Vassar travel time has been given at the top of the driving direction. The given travel time has been calculated based on the distance and speed of the vehicle which you travel. The given travel time between Bard and Vassar may vary based on the vehicle consistant speed.
You can use our weather forecast for Bard and Vassar which has been integrated with google weather. It shows the weather forecast for most of the major places or cities. We are planning to provide more travel information based on the availability for the following, Bard to Vassar bus timings, Bard to Vassar tramin timings, Bard to Vassar bus fare, Bard to Vassar bus route numbers etc.


Tip of the week # 542
11 May 2018
Update all references in a long document (Microsoft Word) *
Long documents such as business proposals, technical reports or other big Word files containing several sections or chapters often require a table of contents. Perhaps you even included a list of all the figures or tables used in the document. Or you might have inserted cross-references to other pages or a list of keywords found in the document with the page numbers the words appear on. As you may know, these references are inserted into your document as a field, which means that you need to update them as the document progresses. You can obviously right-click the reference and select Update Field, but if you have used a variety of fields throughout your document this will be cumbersome. So why not ensure you update all references in one go.
Here's how:
 1. Create your Table of Contents, Table of Figures, Cross-references, Index etcetera, as normal.
 2. Press CTRL + A.
 3. Press F9.
 4. If prompted to update the Table of Contents and/or Table of Figures, select the appropriate radio button and press OK.
To make sure that you don't forget to update your fields before you print your document, you can set Word to update them automatically.
Here's how:
 1. On the File tab, click on Options.
 2. Click on Display or type the letter d.
 3. Under Printing options, select the check box for Update fields before printing. If prompted, click on the relevant radio button.
Oh, and remember, if you use Word's built-in Styles you can take advantage of quickly creating a Table of Contents and other fabulous options available in the navigation pane (see tip_415.php). And if Microsoft's choice of formatting is not what you want, you can easily modify them.
Related tips:
 1. Tip # 415: Move or copy chunks of your document without using Cut and Paste or Copy and Paste (tip_415.php)
 2. Tip # 423: Applying and modifying Heading Styles to titles and subtitles (tip_423.php)


text:
Over the last twenty years, Alternative Food Networks (AFN) have become increasingly successful at reducing the length of the chain that connects food production and consumption in an attempt to counteract the impact of the contradictions of the industrial food system and its supermarket-dominated distribution. Their grassroots actions, aimed at overcoming pre-existing socio-economic structures, are in line with social innovations, which have the objective of promoting the social participation of consumers and producers in food systems (empowerment, socio-political activism or social integration in society). In Italy, the Solidarity Purchasing Groups (SPGs), have been the subject of numerous academic studies, but the scope of these studies has, to date, been limited to the political activism of the consumer. The ability of this experience to foster the social participation of the groups' suppliers and the effects that the exchange has on the economic life of the producers have not yet been adequately studied.
This article addresses this gap by investigating the extent to which SPGs can reduce the economic marginalisation of their suppliers and evaluates if the activities they promote could increase their social participation. Based on quantitative and qualitative data, this study shows that SPGs, in contrast to other AFNs, maintain a clear separation between consumers and producers and this could mitigate the positive impact of these initiatives on their suppliers. Our analysis of the suppliers shows that SPGs can act as a safety net against economic downturns and that the social participation of the producers involved is higher at the macro, meso and individual levels, compared to producers who do not cooperate with the SPGs.


text:
"A group led by a Princeton University computer security researcher has developed a simple method to steal encrypted information stored on computer hard disks," reports The New York Times.
It's pretty simple. Memory chips hold data for a short while after the power is turned off. Cool the chips and they hold it longer.
"Cool the chips in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) and they hold their state for hours at least, without any power," Edward W. Felten, a Princeton computer scientist, wrote in a Web posting. "Just put the chips back into a machine and you can read out their contents."
There's a technical paper (PDF) about it.


text:
To become a leading platform for developing and sustaining a diverse and thriving Islamic Community that is an integral part of America in accordance with the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
The Mission of SBIA is:
1. To provide Islamic educational, religious and social services
2. To collaborate with other organizations to serve the greater Muslim community
3. To develop a harmonious relationship with neighbors and community at large within the framework of Islam


text:
Seoul, South Korea, December 15, 2023 –Professor Byong-Hun Jeon, a distinguished member of the Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering at Hanyang University, has been named among the top 1% of researchers in the cross-field category, a significant recognition of his groundbreaking work in renewable energy and environmental purification.
Professor Jeon's research is at the cutting edge of renewable energy technology. His focus on developing next-generation biofuels is a major contribution towards achieving carbon neutrality. By utilizing chemical and biological principles, his work not only promises to revolutionize the way we produce energy but also plays a crucial role in combating environmental pollution.
The impact of Professor Jeon's work has been recognized with prestigious awards from the Minister of Trade, Industry and Energy, and the Minister of Environment. These accolades underscore his vital role in advancing the domestic renewable energy industry and his contributions to global environmental sustainability efforts.
This recognition places Professor Jeon in an elite group of researchers worldwide. The United States leads with the highest number of top 1% researchers, followed by China, the United Kingdom, and other countries. Notably, Harvard University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences are among the leading institutions producing top-tier researchers.
For more information on Professor Jeon's research and achievements, visit News H.


[[!meta title="Documentation style guide"]] - **administration password** vs **root password** Use *administration password*. Avoid *root password* even though many Linux users would use it. - *For example:* - [[Set up an administration password |doc/first_steps/startup_options/administration_password]] when you start Tails. - Start Tails and [[set up an administration password|doc/first_steps/startup_options/administration_password]]. - **anchors** (HTML anchors) Use HTML anchors to provide shortcuts when pointing people to sections inside a page. - *For example*: - '' in 'doc/about/finances' to be able to point to '_URL_ - Keep them as short as possible as they appear in the URL. - Use hyphens instead of underscores to separate words. - **boot** vs **start** - Use *start* and *restart* as much as possible to refer to starting a computer on Tails; *boot* is almost always unecessary jargon. - You might use *boot* when the word is displayed to the user by the computer or when writing for a technical audience, like in our design documentation. - Use *Boot Loader* when referring to either *GRUB* or *SYSLINUX*. - *For example:* - The Boot Loader is the first screen that appears when starting Tails. - Use *boot* when referring to *boot options*, which are only documented for workarounds or a technical audience. - *For example*: - Most computers do not start on Tails by default. - The following instructions explain how to display the boot menu and start on the USB stick. - When starting Tails, add the toram boot option in the Boot Loader Menu. For detailed instructions, see the documentation on [[using the Boot Loader Menu|doc/first_steps/startup_options#boot-loader]]. - To make the display work properly, [[add the following boot option when starting Tails|doc/first_steps/startup_options/_TAG_-loader]]: nouveau.noaccel=1 - **bulleted lists** Refer to this article from NN/g on [presenting bulleted lists](_URL_ Always add empty lines between list items to: - Make them easier to read. - Make them easier to translate. Each item from the list will be put in a separate PO string in PO files by the PO plugin when building the website. - **Debian and Ubuntu versions** Refer to Debian and Ubuntu versions primarily by their numbers, and additionally by their codenames. - *For example*: - Tails 3.0 is based on Debian 9 (Stretch) - *Tails Installer* is available on Ubuntu 15.10 (Wily Werewolf) or later. - **earlier** and **later** Use to refer to versions of software. Don't use *lower* and *higher* or *newer* and *older*. Don't use "regular expressions" like *Tails 2.1.**. - *For example:* - If you are running macOS 10.10 (Yosemite) or earlier - **future tense** Whenever possible, use present, not future, tense. Don't switch unnecessarily from present to future tense when present tense is sufficient to express a sequence of steps or events. Present tense is easier to read than past or future tense. Simple verbs are easier to read and understand than complex verbs, such as verbs in the progressive or perfect tense. - **digit grouping** Use a non-breaking thin space (HTML entity: ' ') or a space to separate groups of three digits. - *For example*: - $50 000 See [[!wikipedia Decimal_separator#Digit_grouping]] and [[!wikipedia ISO_31-0#Numbers]]. - **GNOME applications: Files, Disks, etc.** GNOME applications that have a common noun as their name (like Files or Disks) can be confusing when referred to in the documentation. Make sure to clarify that you are referring to an application (and not, for example, a set of files or disks): - *For example*: - In the title of sections - When first referring to the application in a section - *Use*: - The Files browser - The Disks utility Otherwise, use the short name of the application as it appears in the menus when giving instructions to be executed inside Tails. - *For example*: - Open */live/persistence/TailsData_unlocked/dotfiles* in *Files*. Prepend "*GNOME*" when giving instructions to be executed outside of Tails. - *For example*: - Install GNOME Disks in Debian. - **graphics card** And not *graphics adapters*, *graphics*, *graphical hardware*, or *video card*. - **Internet** Capitalize. When used as a noun, always preceded by *the*. - **media** and **installation media** Use only in rare occasions where it is especially relevant to mention both USB sticks and DVDs. Tails is now primarily advertised for USB sticks. We prefer making our text easy to read for the majority of people using USB sticks than to be exhaustive and always mention DVDs, implicitly or explicitly. - *For example*: - Tails runs on a USB stick that you can plug in and use on almost any computer. - It is not possible to install Tails on a hard disk. Tails is designed to be a live system running from a removable media: USB stick or DVD. - **network interface**, **Wi-Fi interface** And not *card*, *device*, or *adapter*. Still, **USB Wi-Fi adapters** are USB dongles that provide a Wi-Fi interface. - **persistence feature** To refer to the features available in the configuration of the *persistent storage*. - *For example*: - […] when the [[Additional Software persistence feature|doc/first_steps/persistence/configure#additional_software]] is activated. The word *persistence* can be omitted if it is redundant from the context (for example on [[doc/first_steps/persistence/configure]]). - **please** Avoid please except in situations where the user is asked to do something inconvenient or the software is to blame for the situation. - **procedures** (a series of steps) - Keep the number of steps low within a procedure (for example, below 10, ideally 7). For longer procedures, split them and give each section a title. - Add a blank line between each step. - Rely on the automatic numbered of Markdown and number all the steps with '1.' See also the *Microsoft Manual of Style: Procedures and technical content*. - *For example*:
1. Make sure that you are connected to the Internet.
1. Start Software Sources.
1. Click on the PPAs button and then choose to Add a new PPA….
- **right-click** Trackpads on Mac have a single button. Control-click, the usual way of doing right-click on Mac, does something different in Tails (and Windows): it is used to select multiple items. Always clarify how to do right-click on Mac: - *For example:* - Right-click (on Mac, click with two fingers) on the file and choose Share via OnionShare. - **Secure Boot** Capitalize as a brand or feature. Writing *secure boot* would make it sound more like a magic security feature (which it is not). - **serial comma** Place a [[!wikipedia serial comma]] immediately before the coordinating conjunction (usually *and* or *or*) in a series of three or more terms. - **Tails Greeter** Without an article. Not *the Greeter*. Note the formatting as an application. - **update** vs **upgrade** - Use **upgrade** to refer to the replacement of a previous version of Tails by another. - *For example:* - If you know someone you trust who already did the upgrade, you can upgrade your Tails by cloning from their Tails.
- You might use **update** to refer to other operations that update some data or software outside of Tails releases. - *For example:* - Make sure to update your *dotfiles* each time you use the **init** command of *keyringer*. - The packages from your list of additional software will be updated automatically when you connect to the Internet. - **vulnerability** or **security vulnerability** And not *hole* or *issue*.


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Knowing when to gear up for storms improves emergency response time and makes customers happier.
Utility Storm Preparedness and Weather Service Integration Analysis
Situation: An electrical utility needs to improve its major storm readiness and responsiveness. Blue Arc helps the utility interpret and leverage weather intelligence.
Action: Blue Arc organizes advanced weather intelligence data and storm response data into a time series geographical model. With this model, Blue Arc can assess the utility's storm preparedness actions, find correlations between storm damages and weather severity, and assess weather severity versus design criterion. Severe weather events and the damage they caused over a 20-year historical period are analyzed for statistical comparison.
Benefit: The utility now has the intuitive ability to effectively predict the occurrence of severe weather and anticipate the level of damage it will cause, so the utility can prepare and employ its resources accordingly. This new "weather intelligence" is leveraged to effectively anticipate storm damage and restore power to customers more quickly.


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Definition - What does Bordeaux Mixture mean?
Bordeaux-Mixture is a fungicide (Biocidal Chemical Compound or Biological Organism) that is used for preventing bacterial diseases and infestations in vine fruits and tree fruits. It is composed of copper sulfate and calcium hydroxide that is later combined with water in a spray applicator. The application of Bordeaux-Mixture can effectively control plant diseases and infestations such downy mildew, powdery mildew and leaf spot.
WineFrog explains Bordeaux Mixture
The Bordeaux-Mixture was first discovered by a French Botanist by the name of Pierre Marie Alexis Millardet in 1860. Since then, it has been used to prevent fungal diseases and bacterial issues faced by vineyards and vine growers worldwide. The copper ions in the mixture stops the enzymes that the fungal spores need to spread, while the lime acts as a neutralizer. The best time to apply Bordeaux-Mixture is during the dormant season, during hot or humid weather conditions the application may cause leaf drop and leaf burn.


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From the Australian Chief Environmental Biosecurity Officer: Registrations are now open for the 2023 Environmental Biosecurity Webinar Series – Connected.Read more
Follow the LINK to listen to the radio interview with Weed Management Society of South Australia member Henry Rutherford andRead more
The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is seeking your help in developing the State of the Environment Report 2023. This vitalRead more
Weeds affect everyone from primary producers to conservationists to the backyard gardener. South Australia has approximately 900 exotic plants, 90 proclaimed plants.
We are very keen for community groups to contribute their experience in articles or case studies for Weedwise.


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Effects of the Lift Valve Opening Area on Water Hammer Pump Performance and Flow Behavior in the Valve Chamber
International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
Water hammer pumps can effectively use the water hammer phenomenon for water pumping. They are capable of providing an effective fluid transport method in regions without a well-developed social infrastructure. The results of experiments examining the effect of the geometric form of water hammer pumps by considering their major dimensions have been reported. However, these conventional studies have not fully evaluated pump performance in terms of pump head and flow rate, common measures of pump
... performance. The authors have focused on the effects on the pump performance of various geometric form factors in water hammer pumps. The previous study examined how the hydrodynamic characteristics was affected by the inner diameter ratio of the drive and lift pipes and the angle of the drive pipe, basic form factors of water hammer pumps. The previous papers also showed that the behavior of water hammer pump operation could be divided into four characteristic phases. The behavior of temporal changes in valve chamber and air chamber pressures according to the air volume in the air chamber located downstream of the lift valve was also clarified in connection with changes in water hammer pump performance. In addition, the effects on water hammer pump performance of the length of the spring attached to the drain valve and the drain pipe angle, form factors around the drain valve, were examined experimentally. This study focuses on the form of the lift valve, a major component of water hammer pumps, and examines the effects of the size of the lift valve opening area on water hammer pump performance. It also clarifies the behavior of flow in the valve chamber during water hammer pump operation.


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Studies have showed that being bullied by peers in adolescence is strongly and consistently associated with decreased sense of well-being that may be expressed in emotional, physical and behavioural effects. Yet, there are personal variables that might mediate the relationships between bullying victimization and low levels of well-being. In this study, we have examined the possible moderating effect of resilience and self-concept that were found to be connected to bullying and to well-being among Israeli adolescents. 507 middle school Israeli students, aged 11–16, fulfilled Bullying victimization, well-being, self-concept and resilience questionnaires. A mediation model analysis have revealed that the hypothesized mediation model was accepted in full and both high self-concept and resilience mediates this relationship. Specific directions and recommendation are discussed for further insights into intervention and prevention programmes for adolescents, in order to optimize existing programmes as well as to create an infrastructure for new intervention programs.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
- Bullying victimization
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Health(social science)


I've read a couple similar questions and answers but haven't been able to piece together a good answer on my issue. I have a form where based on the input given in the form, back-end decision modeling will only allow for one of three different cal-to-action options "Submit", "End Task", or "Next". I am trying to figure out the best way represent this.
Option One
Depending on form input have the call-to-action button label dynamically change. This would keep just one main button in the bottom right of the form. The button would change to either say "Submit", "End Task", or "Next". enter image description here
Option Two
Don't change the call-to-action button dynamically but have all three buttons shown with one active and the other two would be disabled. Due to the decision modeling only one button would ever be active. enter image description here
 - 1
 Why do either? What problem are you trying to solve by changing the button at all? – Austin French Sep 16 '16 at 19:13
 - I probably shouldn't have used such a simplified form in my example. Sorry about that.So based on the data input into the form tool a user would have 3 options, Submit the form (everything submitted was correct), End the Form Task (something input into the form would not allow the form to continue), or Next (the tool may need more information before allowing the user to submit). So all the options aren't necessarily a submit. Users would only get one of these 3 outcomes. So would I change the one button label or have all 3 outcomes displayed but gray out the two that aren't available? – dmasini Sep 16 '16 at 19:51
 - Are the selections for Element Two dependent on the selection(s) of Element One? Is the user always only picking between Element One and Element Two? – vphilipnyc Sep 18 '16 at 0:46
It looks like you are doubling the amount of decision trees in this thought flow, creating unnecessary redundancies.
Is there a way you could instead make the form dynamically update based on what they are selecting above? Rather than change the button at the bottom, focus on the inputs you are gathering along the way.
For example, if the user selects Element One: Checkbox One, it could limit the amount of options in Element Two: Dropdown. If the user selects Element One: Checkbox Two, the user then has a different set of options for Element Two: Dropdown.
The point is that the form process should be a funnel, eliminating options along the way, until the final option is Submit. Generating additional options at the bottom will create a lot of usability issues: Why are they asking me what to submit? What is the correct submit button? Did I do something wrong? Try to eliminate the guesswork at the end so they simply have to just "Submit". Too much guesswork at the end may result in false leads, and abandoned forms.
It makes more sense to change the button on a go rather than create additional buttons. In regards of UX, why would you even do that? Just "submit" works for the last (at least) 15 years.
Ok, so I'm literally at a bar writing on a receipt, so excuse the poor drawing.
The boxes are buttons. My thinking is that is is a candidate for question piping. Use buttons to advance the user instead of Submit buttons.
Think about mobile - drop down menus are so yesterday.
enter image description here
 - So we will have a back-end decision management tool where based on the options chosen in the form will decide what final action is available to the user. The tool will give the user one of three options, "Submit", "End Task", or "Next" (to add supporting information). The user won't have the ability to decide which to choose because the decision modeling will do that for them. I am trying to figure out from the front end if I should only show the one option that is available or to show all three with two disabled. – dmasini Sep 19 '16 at 13:43
 - I think I have answered my own question though. If decision is only going to allow for one option; "Submit", "End Task", or "Next" then I should probably only show the one one active option. Showing all three where only one option would ever be active sounds like it'd be confusing to the the user of the tool. – dmasini Sep 19 '16 at 13:47
 - Yes. If there is a way for them to supply inputs to have the back-end tool re-evaluate, then presenting that option might make sense. Otherwise if you need to describe the other two options not presented, a tooltip or text description makes more sense. – vphilipnyc Sep 19 '16 at 15:13
 - And if your user testing shows that you should present the buttons disabled for clarity, a tooltip would still be helpful : ux.stackexchange.com/questions/72777/…. But based on my experience in web development, less is generally more. – vphilipnyc Sep 19 '16 at 15:17
One of the thorniest problems for a user is having a button with a label that doesn't seem to have an obvious referent. In your example, I don't see anything --except the button-- labeled "option one". So what would I be submitting?
 - It seems to be conventional--many do it without being criticised--to use answer space to make a comment when one cannot yet make a comment in comment space. – MMacD Sep 19 '16 at 12:44
 - Not really. As soon as we (mods) see it, or through flags get notified for it - we post a comment, or convert to comment or delete. In the StackExchange network there are questions and there are answers. Comments have a special field to clarify questions or answers. Nothing else. – Benny Skogberg Sep 19 '16 at 16:15
Your Answer


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The Friends of the Petawawa Research Forest was established to support, promote, and protect the Petawawa Research Forest (PRF) for continued scientific study, environmental education, and public recreation.
The Friends of the Petawawa Research Forest, Inc. was established by a group of volunteers in 2002 to:
- create awareness of the valuable potential of the Petawawa Research Forest (PRF) for continuing scientific study, education, and public recreation
- generate support for the PRF through a non-political, non-profit organization with charitable status and which is at arms-length from the government
- help secure the viability and future of the PRF
- promote environmental awareness among children and youth through formal instruction and hands-on opportunities


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Deleterious substances present in aggregates that influence concrete properties will be discussed here. In the next post we will learn about permissible limit of such
Deleterious characteristics of concrete aggregate materials are reviewed, and a simplified arrangement for their classification is proposed. This arrangement is
Deleterious Materials - aggregates should be free of potentially deleterious materials such as clay lumps, shales, or other friable particles, and other.
The term 'deleterious materials' is a broad one, It should be noted however that all materials can be considered deleterious under the Such aggregates may
5 Aggregate Specifications and Requirements Physical Quality Requirements Fine Aggregates Coarse Aggregates Deleterious Materials
Study 15 Aggregate Durability/Deleterious Materials flashcards from Jesse P. on StudyBlue.
By Kaushal Kishore Materials Engineer Roorkee. INTRODUCTION: SCREENERS companies near Dehradun and elsewhere have set …
What are Aggregates? durability and deleterious materials. The Materials; What are Aggregates? What is Liquid Asphalt (Asphalt Cement)?
Aggregates for Concrete and other fine materials in amounts that could fications limit the permissible amounts of deleterious
Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) Aggregate & Stone Test Data
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR . AGGREGATES - MISCELLANEOUS TABLE OF shale or shaley partings and other deleterious materials. Aggregates may be …
weight, of deleterious materials in aggregate. Deleterious materials consist of wood, clay lumps, friable particles, DELETERIOUS CONTENT OF AGGREGATES.
Evaluation of Aggregates analysis, deleterious materials, soundness, crushing value, impact value, abrasion value, flakiness and elongation index) IS: 2386
RECYCLED AGGREGATE Association Recycled aggregates materials meet the Ontario and S shall not contain more than 1% by mass of deleterious …
However we are not clear what is legally expected with regard to other deleterious materials. - Aggregates for use in reinforced concrete which do not comply
Report on Determining the Reactivity of Concrete Aggregates and using supplementary cementing materials, using Deleterious …
–deleterious materials. • Usually use locally available aggregates: – Cubical and tough – Modified Hot Mix Asphalts 101
In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this
Deleterious Material clay lumps, Main reactions of deleterious material: Alkali aggregates reaction This section deals with potentially deleterious materials
Coarse and fine aggregates, suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures, loam, wood, metallic contents, unhydrated lime, or other deleterious materials.
Test Method Title Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregate Reference Number AASHTO T 112 Material. Aggregate. Test Property. Deleterious materials, clay lumps
WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE Deleterious Materials. Aggregates should not contain any harmful material in such a …
14.4 Cleanliness and Deleterious Materials. Aggregates must be relatively clean. Vegetation, soft particles, clay lumps, excess dust and vegetable


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Information and Public Awareness Programme
The objective of "Information & Public Awareness Programme" is to disseminate information on new and renewable sources of energy (NRSE) systems/devices through variety of media like electronic, print & exhibition as well as outdoor media, thereby popularizing and creating awareness about such systems and devices. It also brings to the fore benefits, technological developments and promotional activities taking place in the renewable energy arena from time to time. The role of Information and Public Awareness Programme for inculcating the importance of renewable energy amongst masses has been assuming increasing significance in recent times. The Programme is implemented mainly through State Nodal Agencies, Directorate of Advertising & Visual Publicity (DAVP), Doordarshan, All India Radio (AIR), and Department of Posts, etc.
Special Area Demonstration Project Programme
The Special Area Demonstration Project Scheme of the Ministry has been introduced with the objective of demonstrating application of various renewable energy systems in a project mode at places of national and international importance including world heritage sites, heritage monuments, religious locations and places of public interest to create greater awareness of renewable and to supplement the energy requirement at such locations
Human Resources Development Programme
Ministry has been implementing a comprehensive Human Resource Development Programme with the objective of institutionalizing the renewable energy education and training in the country with the following overall goals:
- To update the professionals working in the field of renewable energy on technological, economical and social issues and management of the science and technology and public administration through infusion of scientific temper and accountability;
- To infuse commitment towards building of partnership and participatory decision-making;
- iTo be responsive to the challenge of changing framework needs in policy, institutional, legal, trade, IPR, knowledge management, organizational and technological development;
- To strive for improving performance and efficiency of renewable energy systems and devices to make them cost competitive;
- To provide adequate knowledge of the technical issues that are essential to help executives in Government, banking and financial sector with non-technical background about renewable energy;
- To bring about attitudinal changes among the renewable energy professionals and those working in the mainstream power sector to enhance the use of renewable energy for energy security of the country; and
- To act as a facilitator for improving the skill sets of professionals and executives in the renewable energy industry and also in research and development institutions.
Planning & coordination
The Planning and Co-ordination Division is responsible for overall planning and budgeting plans schemes/programmes of the Ministry and matters related to Reforms, Policy measures, Fiscal concessions, etc. Its work involves maintaining a close liaison with different Programme Divisions of the Ministry and with other concerned Ministries/Departments/States, State Nodal Agencies, etc. on a regular basis.
Seminar & Symposia
The Ministry provides support to universities, academic institutions/colleges, non-governmental organizations, Government Departments, etc. for organizing workshops, seminars, conferences to provide a forum for professionals, students, policy-makers, managers, economists, industry representatives, etc., to interact and share their views on identified thrust areas related to renewable or any other emerging area impinging on technology, innovation in regard to renewables.
Technology Information Forecasting, Assessment & Databank(TIFAD)
Technology Information Forecasting, Assessment and Data Bank (TIFAD) have got a vast potential in terms of establishment of a dynamic mechanism for creation of databank on information for state-of-the-art technology through technology forecasting and assessment.
This can be achieved by way of creation of facilities for utilization of Information Technology Tools at the MNRE Headquarters, State Nodal Agencies, Technology Institutions, manufacturers, NGOs and other organizations in the country and utilization of Internet to access global database in the area of renewable energy.
- Creation of Computerization and Information Technology (IT) facilities for the Ministry Headquarters, its Regional Offices and the Solar Energy Centre.
- Creation of facilities for internet/intranet access and establishing linkages with the Technology Institutions/Technology Providers in the area of renewable energy nationally and globally through VSAT systems, Modems and other IT tools.
- Creation and Updation of Databases/Databanks and establishment of the Technology Information System in the area of renewable energy in the country.
- Involving as well as providing guidelines and financial support to nodal agencies, industries, technology institutions, Consultants and Non-Governmental Organisations, involved in the area of renewable energy in the country, for creation of IT facilities, Databanks and maintaining minimum standards.
- Creation of facilities and development of Software for establishment of Management Information System (MIS) and computerised on-line electronic monitoring of projects and programmes in the area of renewable energy in the country.
- Taking up activities on Patents and Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment in the area of renewable energy.
100% Computerization has been achieved. 250 nos. of computer based workstations have been created for providing computerization facility at the Ministry's Headquarters, its 9 Regional Offices and Solar Energy Centre.
Local Area Network (LAN) has been established in the two building of the Ministry's Headquarters for providing connectivity to various Computers installed in the Ministry. In order to provide connectivity between the Computers installed in the two buildings and fast data communication, LANs set up in these buildings of the Ministry have been integrated through laying of Fiber Optics Cable.
E-mail and Internet facility have been extended to all the Officers at the Ministry's Headquarters. E-mail facility has also been provided to the 9 Regional Offices and the Solar Energy Centre.
All the Officers and officials of the Ministry's Headquarters, its Regional Offices and the Solar energy Centre have been provided training in the use of computers through NIC and other professional organizations.
Specialized Training Programmes on Basic Concepts of Data Management and Networking Services & Applications is being organized at NIC for all the Officers of MNRE, its Regional Offices and Solar Energy Centre.
The MNRE has already prepared its Web-site in English as well as in Hindi through its in-house efforts. The MNRE Web-site gives a comprehensive picture of the development and utilization of renewable energy sources in India.
The Ministry has started Information and Facilitation Centre with Computer facility at its Headquarters for an easy access to various types of information by the visitors coming to this Ministry.