×
Real structures of models of arrangements. (English) Zbl 1076.52005
The author continues previous work, constructing and studying models of real subspace arrangements. Like the models of De Concini and Procesi for complex subspace arrangements, these are constructed in order to obtain information about invariants of the complement of the union of the subspaces. They are derived from combinatorial structures, called "building sets", obtained from a finite partially ordered set of subspaces which is determined by the arrangement. There are usually many building sets associated with an arrangement, each giving rise to a model. This paper studies two real structures associated with the model. The first is essentially the real part of the De Concini-Procesi complex model. The second, which arises when the arrangement is a Coxeter arrangement, is an "extension" of the model to a convex set, the face lattice of which generalizes in a way the "Kapranov permutoassociahedron".
MSC:
52C35 Arrangements of points, flats, hyperplanes (aspects of discrete geometry)
14E15 Global theory and resolution of singularities (algebro-geometric aspects)
32S22 Relations with arrangements of hyperplanes
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text:
Some people say that silver is a poor man's gold. However, some investors will look at that statement as a misnomer and look for the best silver stocks, because there is its intrinsic value in silver that some investors prefer over gold.
Investors interested in the resource sector should not forget about silver in favor of gold because the best silver stocks have a lot of value as well.
Understand why investors include the best silver stocks in to their portfolio
Silver is a multi-faceted precious metal. It's used monetarily in the form of silver coins or bullion. Jewelers use it to make necklaces, rings, and other forms of jewelry. There is an aesthetic appeal to silver, which benefits those who prefer its look over gold or can't afford the same amount of gold as they could silver.
Another facet of silver is that it has significantly more industrial use than gold. Silver is used throughout so many industries, and is used in medical supplies, batteries, solar panels, and utensils, among many other uses. Silver is incredibly malleable, making it a diverse metal. As technologies advance, one can safely assume that silver will be used for even more industrial purposes, especially when heat and electrical conduction is part of the technology.
All of these uses lead silver to get "used up" more than gold. The majority of gold that has ever been mined still exists in a minimally altered state. That's not the case with silver. The amount of silver used for monetary purposes will continue to decline, leading to higher prices in the future.
It is also important to realize that central banks do not hold silver as they do gold. This means that they cannot suppress silver's price by injecting a lot of it into the market.
Consider the best silver stocks to invest in
There is some variety to the best silver stocks available. Many investors will target silver mining stocks because they afford the opportunity of more significant returns. Investors who want to invest in silver mining can also use an exchange traded fund (ETF). Investing in a silver mining ETF provides exposure to more than one silver mining company, offering diversification along the way. The Global X Silver Miners ETF (SIL) is a good example, as investors who buy this ETF gain exposure to over 40 international mining companies.
Recognize the characteristics of the best silver stocks
The best silver stocks focus on silver mining as opposed to silver bullion. These resource sector stocks often perform better than commodity-based bullion investments.
They also come from well-financed companies and have established mines already in production. These mines exist in politically and environmentally stable locations. The top companies have low amounts of debt, a strong balance sheet, and management that is experienced and successful in mining development. Focus your money on mines with a history of producing instead of speculative junior mines without any significant production.
Know the volatility of silver before getting involved
Silver is more volatile than gold, so keep that in mind if you plan on investing in silver. The resource sector is generally volatile, with a lot of speculation. If you are a risk-averse investor, be sure to only invest a modest amount into the resource section of your portfolio.
Would you invest in silver over gold? What draws you to silver investing?

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Our Approach
A curriculum at every stage to fit your districts unique needs.
Character development & train the teacher program based on cognitive neuroscience.
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Curriculum founded in meta-cognitive neuroscience to help establish positive cognitive learning with students
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Based on 14 point positive character traits and 11 positive leadership traits.
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It is precisely why we take a customized approach and work with you to tailor our program curriculum to address your desired outcomes.
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text:
|Member of the U.S. House of Representatives|
from Massachusetts's 15th district
March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1809
|Preceded by||Peleg Wadsworth|
|Succeeded by||Ezekiel Whitman|
|Born||May 30, 1740|
Falmouth, Massachusetts Bay, British America (now Maine)
|Died||May 10, 1813 (aged 72)|
Portland, Massachusetts, U.S. (now Maine)
Born in Falmouth in Massachusetts Bay's Province of Maine, Ilsley received a liberal schooling. He became a distiller and was also interested in shipping. He served as a member of the committee of correspondence and safety. Major and mustering officer at Falmouth, during the Revolutionary War. He served as a delegate to the Massachusetts State convention in 1788 that adopted the Federal Constitution. He served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1793 and 1794.
Ilsley was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Tenth Congress (March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1809). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1808 to the Eleventh Congress. He died in Portland in Massachusetts' District of Maine on May 10, 1813. He was interred in the Eastern Cemetery in Portland.
- United States Congress. "Daniel Ilsley (id: I000009)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website _URL_.
|U.S. House of Representatives|
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 15th congressional district


Viscous Flow Assignment 3 — Couette Flow
Question #1
Use the momentum equations in viscous form and the mass conservation equation to determine the velocity distribution and the mass flow rate per unit depth between two planes located at $y=0$ and $y=H$ for $x\gg H$:
figure2.png ./download/file.php?id=2573&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01 ./download/file.php?id=2573&t=1&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01
The two planes are rigid and the problem is at steady-state.
06.27.16
Question #2
Two equally big circular plates rotate very close to each other in a viscous fluid as follows:
figure3.png ./download/file.php?id=2574&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01 ./download/file.php?id=2574&t=1&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01
One of the plates is driven by a constant power ${\cal P}_{\rm L}$ and at a constant angular speed $\omega_{\rm L}$. The other plate is braked with a power ${\cal P}_{\rm R}$. For a plate radius $R$ much larger than the distance between the plates $H$, do the following:
(a) Determine the angular speed $\omega_{\rm R}$ as a function of $\omega_{\rm L}$ and if the breaking power ${\cal P}_{\rm R}=\frac{1}{2}{\cal P}_{\rm L}$
(b) If $\omega_{\rm R}=0$, $\mu=10^{-2}$ kg/ms, $\rho=800$ kg/m$^3$, $R=0.1$ m, and $H=3$ mm, determine the amount of power ${\cal P}_{\rm L}$ needed to sustain $\omega_{\rm L}=3000~$rpm.
Question #3
A crankshaft journal bearing in an automobile engine is lubricated by oil with a kinematic viscosity of $10^{-4}$ m$^2$/s and a density of 885 kg/m$^3$:
figure4.png ./download/file.php?id=2575&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01 ./download/file.php?id=2575&t=1&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01
The bearing inner diameter $D_{\rm i}$ is of 10 cm, the bearing outer diameter $D_{\rm o}$ is of 11 cm, and the bearing rotates at $7200$ rpm. The bearing is under no load so the clearance is symmetric. Determine the torque per unit depth and the power dissipated per unit depth.
Question #4
A piston with a diameter of $D_{\rm i}=100$ mm and a length $L=150$ mm is moving concentrically in a cylinder with a diameter $D_{\rm o}=100.1$ mm. The gap between the cylinder and the piston is filled with oil:
figure5.png ./download/file.php?id=2576&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01 ./download/file.php?id=2576&t=1&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01
The kinematic viscosity of the oil is 65 cSt and the density is 885 kg/m$^3$. How big is the force that has to be applied to move the piston in the axial direction with a speed $q=3$ m/s if only the viscous resistance is considered? Note: 1 cSt=$10^{-6}$ m$^2$/s.
Question #5
Consider the following piston-cylinder assembly:
question5a.png ./download/file.php?id=3840&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01 ./download/file.php?id=3840&t=1&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01
In the latter, the cylinder is fixed while the piston is allowed to move and is subject to a gravity force $mg$. Knowing that the gravitational acceleration is of $g=9.8$ m/s$^2$, that the radius of the piston and of the cylinder are of $R_{\rm p}=10$ cm and $R_{\rm c}=10.3$ cm, respectively, that the height of the piston is of $H=5$ cm, that the density of the piston is of $\rho_{\rm p}=2000$ kg/m$^3$, and that the oil viscosity and density are of $\mu_{\rm oil}=0.5$ kg/ms and $\rho_{\rm oil}=800$ kg/m$^3$, do the following:
(a) Find the force acting on the piston in the positive $y$ direction due to viscous effects as a function of the piston speed $q$. For simplicity, you can assume that $R_{\rm c}-R_{\rm p}\ll R_{\rm c}$.
(b) Using the expression derived in (a), find the maximum speed $q$ that the piston would get if it is allowed to fall freely assuming negligible drag on its top and bottom surfaces.
10.12.17
Question #6
Consider a journal bearing as follows:
Q7.png ./download/file.php?id=4474&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01 ./download/file.php?id=4474&t=1&sid=41ec9743adf57d6a0657d2a7b568cb01
Starting from the Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates, derive an expression for $v_\theta$ as a function of $r$. It is known that $R_2-R_1=\frac{1}{4} R_1$. Indicate clearly the assumptions (including terms dropped) and explain why this is valid in this case.
10.10.18
Answers
2. $\omega_{\rm L}/2$, 51.7 W.
3. 10.48 N, 7903 W/m.
4.
5. 6.02 m/s.
6. $\omega R_1 \ln(r/R_2) \left/ \ln(R_1/R_2)\right.$
Due on Wednesday October 17th at 9:00. Do problems #2, #5, and #6 only.
PDF 1✕1 2✕1 2✕2
$\pi$


text:
DRILL-WELL™ D210 Fluid Loss Additive (FLA) is a low cost polymeric fluid loss additive designed for reducing high temperature high pressure (HTHP) fluid loss in diesel, mineral and synthetic oil-based drilling fluids. DRILL-WELL™ D210 FLA is a white free flowing powder which is compatible with other commonly used materials in non-aqueous fluids.
- Mixes easily
- Reduces HTHP fluid loss
- Improves rheological properties
- More cost effective than most polymeric fluid loss additives
- May be used in conjunction with other fluid loss additives such as amine treated lignite and Gilsonite®1
- Compatible with other commonly used materials in non-aqueous fluids
- Temperature stable up to ±149 °C (300 °F) with results depending on fluid conditions. Pilot testing is recommended.
DRILL-WELL™ D210 FLA is usually added in 1-4 ppb for HTHP control and may be mixed at the rig site or at the mud plant. The use of this additive can improve rheological properties such that other additives specifically used to prevent barite sag are reduced or eliminated all-together. If other rheological additives are to be added it is suggested that the fluid be pilot tested first for any compatibility issues that may arise.


text:
A useful way to enable children to show their understanding in science is to use Clicker Talk Sets. A set to look at on LearningGrids is Reversible and Irreversible Changes – Talk, which looks at six materials and how they might be changed. Students consider whether the changes shown are permanent, or whether the materials can be returned to their original states.
The activity is open-ended – some children might describe what they can see in the pictures while others might give detailed interpretations of what has happened. Some may recognize, for example, that the candle represents both a reversible and an irreversible change. As such, the activity is suitable for a range of abilities.
Having recorded their ideas, children could use the set as a prompt for writing.
For other Talk Sets, use the quick search on LearningGrids.
To view all of the science sets available on LearningGrids, click on Science in the Categories section.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How much will an AME consultation cost?
Charges for meetings with AME educators are typically less than expert witness fees. The hourly fee ranges from $350 to $500 per hour (billed on 15 minute units).
What other costs are there?
If the AME educator travels to your location, there will be travel and modest hourly-fee charges A retainer may be requested. In some circumstances there may be supply costs for the teaching sessions – these will be rare and very modest.
How do I meet the AME educator?
There are various ways you can meet with the educator – in person, by phone or on-line. You are welcome to travel to meet the educator, or to ask them to visit you. Having the educator travel to you may incur other costs, including a predetermined travel-time charge, travel, and room and board costs. In some cases, when an educator travels to your location, a retainer is required.
Can I approve the AME educator before the meeting?
Yes. You will be given the CV of the AME educator before your first meeting. If you are not satisfied with their background, you can ask for a different educator.
Can I change AME educators?
Yes. If you are not fully satisfied with your engagements with the AME educator, you can request a new educator. You will be able to review their CV before your first meeting.
How long will the AME engagement last?
The short answer is half a day. This has been the experience of AME founder Dr. William Rosenblatt. Of course you are welcome to engage the AME educator for as long as you wish.
What will the AME educator and I do during our meeting?
Each AME educator has a different teaching style, just as each field of medicine may warrant different teaching techniques. The educator may elect to hold discussions with you, may use graphic and video teaching aids, or even include whole body simulation and biological specimens.
Can I discuss the specifics of a case with the AME educator?
Yes, but only after both parties are satisfied that the goal of attorney education in the relevant field has been met.
Is the AME educator the same as an expert witness?
No. AME is not an expert witness service. The AME educator is there to teach you the relevant science, standards and jargon of the medical field specific to your case.
What if I like the AME educator and want to use them as an expert witness?
If you feel that your AME educator would be a good expert witness for your case, you are welcome to solicit their participation. Any expert witness work by the AME educator should be invoiced between you and the individual doctor, and is outside the scope of AME.
Can I bring case files with me?
Though we discourage your bringing case files with you, you can discuss case specifics after both parties are satisfied with the education session. The time spent discussing the case will be added to your AME fees. If you engage the AME educator for later expert witness work, you should arrange billing directly with the physician, outside of AME.
Can I have someone else with me and will this incur a charge?
Yes and no. You are welcome to bring along a partner, paralegal or other staff – as many as you wish. Because you are paying for the AME educator's time, there is no extra charge. Be aware, however, that the more people you bring, the more dilute the in-person experience will be. In the past we have found that four or five persons is the maximum for a great experience.
How do I pay for the AME engagement?
You will be billed directly from AME. There is no need to pay the educator. Payments are due in 90 days.
Is there a minimum charge for the AME engagement?
Yes. You will be charged for a minimum of four (4) hours. But because we want you to be satisfied with our service, we will invite you to re-meet, call or otherwise engage the AME educator if you and the educator do not require the minimum time on the first meeting. Only after the minimum of four hours of education time is satisfied will you be further charged.
I am a defense attorney, and my client can teach me what I need to know about his/her field of medicine. Why do I need AME?
AME educators are independent, objective and expert. Even in the best of circumstances, your client is likely to be biased towards his or her own practice. The client may not be objective in evaluating the claims against him or her.
An insurance company may not agree to engage a non-witness educator onto the case. How do I convince them otherwise?
The insurer wants you to win this case. AME arms you with expert knowledge that will not only help you in examinations, but also reduce expert-witness expenses by bringing your understanding of the case up to par with the expert. AME educator fees are typically lower than expert witness fees.
I have an expert witness who can teach me the science, jargon and standards I need to know.
Many physicians in the prime of their practice and the at the top of their field don't enjoy medical malpractice work, and hence don't make themselves available as expert witnesses. Because attorney education does not involve issues of litigation, the best doctors in the country are more willing to participate.
Maximizing the value of your interrogatories, direct & cross-examinations and discovery through Attorney education
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text:
Corded power tool power - a longer discussions
What does the word power in power tools actually mean?
Without getting too technical, power tool mechanical power is all about rotational force and speed and power tool electrical power is about voltage and current. Rotational force is known as torque. It is a mistake to confuse force, torque or speed for the term power.
In power tool terms, a good example of how mechanical power works is a two gear power drill. The slow speed gear setting is not more powerful because it will drill larger holes and the faster gear setting is not less powerful because it can only drill smaller holes. The truth is that both gears produce approximately the same* power output because the motor power input is the same in both cases. However, in gear 1 the output torque (rotational force) is high and the output speed is low. In gear 2 the opposite is the case, the speed is high and the torque is low. When comparisons are made of how easily different power drills can turn a large drill bit, it is not how powerful the power tools are that is being compared but how much torque they can produce i.e. how torquey they are. (*Getting technical just for a moment: As with most things in life, this is an approximation and in reality because of the different efficiencies between the gears the power outputs may vary slightly but the principle is still correct).
An alternative example of how mechanical power works is to compare a powerful racing car, like a Formula 1 car or Indy car, with a tractor. Racing cars have very powerful engines but you wouldn't consider putting an F1 engine in a tractor to plough a field. A tractor engine, on the other hand is great for ploughing a field, but not much use for racing. Of the two, the racing car is likely to have much more power. But power is not what is required to plough a field. To plough a field you need force, and lots of it! You get force from an engine or a motor in the form of rotational force which is known as torque. A tractor engine has lots of torque, much more than a racing car engine, but much less power. How so? The engine of a racing car turns at much higher speed than a tractor engine. Mechanical engine power is the product of torque and speed. You might think of it as a ratio thing. So, although the racing car engine has much less torque than a tractor engine, because it has much more speed, it can have much more power. For example, if the racing car has twice the power of the tractor engine, that power might be made up of only a tenth of the torque that the tractor engine can produce but 20 times the rotational speed, or rpm. (Getting a bit techy again and doing the maths, you end up with 20 x speed: 1/10 torque = 2 x power.) Of course the amount of power and torque a tractor engine produces compared to a racing car engine is not the whole story. An F1 or Indy racing car has a lightweight engine which is designed to complete a race and then be rebuilt, it is not designed for heavy duty work. A tractor engine is designed to work day in day out every day without a rebuild. A racing car engine is very lightweight, runs very fast producing lots of speed but not much torque, and wears out! A tractor engine is heavy, runs slowly producing lots of torque but not so much power, and keeps going. Which do you want? It's a compromise and the same applies to power tools.
So, mechanical power is the combination of force and speed and electrical power is voltage and current. On a corded power tool the rating plate will often show a figure for the power. Usually this is measured in Watts or W and normally it does not relate to the mechanical power output from the power tool. Instead it relates to the amount of electrical power the motor draws from the electricity supply under standard controlled conditions. In other words it is a measure of the electrical power input. In many countries it is a regulatory requirement to show this power figure on anything that plugs into the mains electricity supply. It does not indicate how mechanically powerful the output of the power tool is. For example: a high quality corded power tool might have a lower power figure on the rating plate than a lower quality power tool but the higher quality power tool may work much better and produce more mechanical power output. How can this be? The lower quality power tool may be less power efficient and waste more power in the motor or gears or both. You may notice during use that the drill may get hotter. This is because it is wasting mechanical power in the form of heat due to higher electro-mechanical losses, usually as higher friction losses.
With cordless battery power tools things are more complicated and discussed in blog post: Cordless Tool Power
© Copyright 2018 - Power Tool Systems Limited - UK - _URL_


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This month The Metropolitan Museum of Art announces the forthcoming release of The Art of Africa: A Resource for Educators, the latest in its continuing series of resources for educators. The resource was written by Christa Clarke, curator of Africa, the Americas, and the Pacific at the Newark Museum.
The rich and diverse artistic heritage of sub-Saharan Africa is presented in forty traditional works inthe Metropolitan's collection. Included are a brief introduction and history of the continent, an explanation of the role of visual expression in Africa, descriptions of the form and function of the works, lesson plans, class activities, map, bibliography, and glossary. -- Publisher's notice
Publications include a variety of illustrations and descriptions of selected works of art, historical and cultural background, classroom applications in the form of lesson plans and activities, and other useful material. Each publication in this series represents just one part of a packaged set that also includes slides, additional activity components, and a CD-ROM.
The publication of this resource for educators is made possible by Mr. and Mrs. Marvin H. Schein.
To purchase a complete set, order by phone _PHONE_ or visit The Met Store. One complimentary copy of each resource is available to every New York City public school upon request. Please call _PHONE_ or email _EMAIL_. Copies will be available as soon as the resource kit is in stock.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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SYRACUSE, New York -- When prowling for a hook up, it's not always the good-looker who gets the girl. In fact, in a certain species of South American fish, brawn and stealth beat out colorful and refined almost every time.
In a series of published studies of a South American species of fish (Poecilia parae), which are closely related to guppies, Syracuse University scientists have discovered how the interplay between male mating strategies and predator behavior has helped preserve the population's distinctive color diversity over the course of time. The third study in the series was published Dec. 23 in BMC Evolutionary Biology, a publication of BioMed Central, London. The studies were supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF).
"Poecilia parae are an ideal model for investigating how genetic diversity originates and is maintained within a species," says study author Jorge Luis Hurtado-Gonzales, a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Biology in SU's College of Arts and Sciences. "The findings may help us better understand how to protect biodiversity in larger ecosystems." Hurtado-Gonzales' co-author is J. Albert C. Uy of the University of Miami.
Like guppies, Poecilia parae sexually reproduce and their offspring are born live. Unlike guppies, in which no two males have exactly the same color patterns, Poecilia parae males come in five, genetically determined colors—red, yellow, blue, parae (clear with a black stripe), and immaculata (drab gray that mimics the color of immature females). When found in the wild, the abundance of each color group represented in the total population is relatively constant despite the fact that females prefer to mate with the more striking reds and yellows.
"If females prefer red and yellow males, then one would think that red and yellow would dominate and the other colors would phase out over time," Hurtado-Gonzales says. "However, red and yellow are the rarest colors found in the wild."
The most recent study in BMC Evolutionary Biology found that while females prefer reds and yellows they go for the winner of fin-to-fin combat in a significant number of cases. In the study, the larger parae almost always prevailed, thus gaining a mating advantage despite its less-than-desirable coloration. Immaculatas, which are the smallest males, generally shunned the showy displays of violence and were mostly ignored by all but yellow males. The larger yellows almost always defeated immaculatas, stopping them from approaching females.
"In the absence of male-to-male competition, we found that females will almost always choose a red male," Hurtado-Gonzales says. "However, if the red loses a fight, the female will generally seek out the winner. In most cases, that is the larger parae, which is the most dominant male."
Immaculatas compensate for their lack of physical prowess and attractiveness through a mating strategy that relies on stealth. In a 2009 study published in the journal Animal Behavior, Hurtado-Gonzales found that the immaculatas' drab color provides camouflage that enables them to stealthy mate with females while the more colorful red males were wooing them. Females are promiscuous and will mate with multiple males. Additionally, immaculatas have developed larger testes, which produce more sperm, providing a post-mating advantage in the race to fertilize female eggs.
Finally, in a study published earlier this year in the Journal of Evolutionary Biology, produced by the European Society for Evolutionary Biology, Hurtado-Gonzales found that a common predator of Poecilia parae prefers to dine on reds and yellows, most likely because their striking colors make them easier to see. This predatory disadvantage contributes to the lower numbers of reds and yellows in the overall population.
"It seems that within an evolutionary scale, the less attractive males persist in the population over their more attractive counterparts by evolving unique, but likely equally effective mating strategies," Hurtado-Gonzales says. "Therefore, the maintenance of multiple colors may result from the interaction between predator control of attractive males (reds and yellows) and the ability of less attractive males to exploit other areas of sexual selection, including male dominance, sneak behavior, and sperm competition."
A forthcoming study will focus on how blue males gain a mating advantage. Early results indicate that blues exploit habitats in which blue light waves maximize their attractiveness to females and possibly limit their vulnerability to predators.
Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of UnderwaterTimes.com, its staff or its advertisers.


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A Qualitative Assessment of African Americans' Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs about Hospice Care
In 2010, 1.58 million patients received services from hospice in the United States; of these patients only 8.9% were African American (African Americans make up 12.6% of the US population), compared to 77.3% Caucasians. The purpose of this study was to assess African Americans' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about hospice care. Three 3 focus groups were conducted with a total of 27 people participating (12 males and 15 females).All focus groups were audio taped and transcribed. Transcripts were coded using an apriori coding scheme and entered into an Excel file. Consensus and triangulation methods were used to help investigators assess themes based on strength within and across focus groups. Five major themes emerged: 1) knowledge of hospice 2) attitudes and beliefs 3) decision making process 4) barriers to hospice use and 5) raising awareness about hospice in the African American community. This study supports findings from previous literature that examines the key factors that contribute to the underuse of hospice services by members of the African American community. A new barrier to hospice use, "family discord" also emerged in the focus group discussions In order to overcome hospice barriers the unanimous recommendation is to increase knowledge, awareness and access to culturally appropriate educational materials. Based on the thematic analysis findings, the next step is to develop a culturally tailored hospice photonovel to raise awareness about hospice care among African Americans. An initial meeting has already been conducted with an advisory committee that was formed from participants from the three focus groups. The 1st draft of the phot novel script has been written based on the advisory committee's decisions. Work will continue with the advisory group and funding to be sought for creation and printing of the photonovel.
Presentation: 29 minutes
Recommended CitationReed, Stephanie, "A Qualitative Assessment of African Americans' Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs about Hospice Care" (2012). Master of Public Health Thesis and Capstone Presentations. Presentaion 63.


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Graphic Design Exercises
InDesign: Lists & Dropcaps
To learn InDesign layout and production techniques by recreating
Drop caps and lists can be made easily in InDesign with just a click. But customizing these functions will require the use of character styles. In this exercise, we'll learn some tricks on how to make production of repetitive tasks more efficient.
A note on colored type: text type should only print in black or a solid ink color. If there are any tints (less than 100% of an ink color), the halftone dots will affect readability should there be any registration problems. In this exercise, we are making an exception by using two solid inks for the text type.
prepping for the exercise
- download starter files
- open "list.indd" in InDesign
- practice Adobe navigation keyboard shortcuts: space+cmd=zoom in; space+cmd+opt=zoom out; cmd+zero=fit in window
- practice InDesign preview shortcuts: opt+space=hand; cmd+opt+I (show/hide hidden characters); W (normal/preview mode)
making paragraph styles
- window > paragraph styles: edit basic paragraph: 12/16 ITC Century Book, hyphenation=no, justification=adobe single line composer, character color=green (note formula)
- style head: 36/32, fill=purple, make new paragraph style "h1"
- style intro: 14/18 italic, make new paragraph style "intro"
- style subheads: bold, fill=red, make new paragraph style "h2"
- apply style to other subheads
making character styles
- select initial cap character ("T"): remove italic, make new character style "book"
- insert sample ballot box character: window > glyphs: font= ITC Zapf Dingbats, choose solid square
- select bullet character: fill=none, stroke=.5 (green); make new character style "ballot box"
making a drop cop
- window > paragraph styles: edit "intro": drop cap: lines=2, character=1, character style=book
- adjust kerning
- select a range of list items
- window > paragraph: bullets & numbering (flyout menu), preview=on
- list type: bullet, add square Zapf dingbat, character style=ballot box, left indent=1p3, first line indent=–1p3
- make new paragraph style "ballot list"
- apply style to other list items
- clean up text (add forced line breaks)
- submit PDF in Angel for grading
- print and file graded proof in your 3-ring binder for individual review


Convert kg/hr to bar/h | kilogram (petrol) per hour to barrels fluid per hour
Oven photos> Building plans> Food nutrients> Building details> Cooking> Firing ovens> Flour measures>
flow rate conversion
Converting kilogram (petrol) per hour to barrels fluid per hour in flow rate units scale.
Category: main menuflow rate menuKilograms (petrol) per hour
Amount: 1 kilogram (petrol) per hour (kg/hr) of flow rate
Equals: 0.012 barrels fluid per hour (bar/h) in flow rate
flow rate from kilogram (petrol) per hour to barrel fluid per hour Conversion Results :
Enter a New kilogram (petrol) per hour Amount of flow rate to Convert From
* Enter whole numbers, decimals or fractions (ie: 6, 5.33, 17 3/8)
* Precision is how many numbers after decimal point (1 - 9)
Enter Your Amount : Precision :
TOGGLE : from barrels fluid per hour into kilograms (petrol) per hour in the other way around.
CONVERT : between other flow rate measuring units - complete list.
Conversion calculator for webmasters.
Flow rate. Gas & Liquids.
This unit-to-unit calculator is based on conversion for one pair of two flow rate units. For a whole set of multiple units for volume and mass flow on one page, try the Multi-Unit converter tool which has built in all flowing rate unit-variations. Page with flow rate by mass unit pairs exchange.
Convert flow rate measuring units between kilogram (petrol) per hour (kg/hr) and barrels fluid per hour (bar/h) but in the other reverse direction from barrels fluid per hour into kilograms (petrol) per hour.
conversion result for flow rate:
FromSymbolEqualsResultToSymbol
1 kilogram (petrol) per hour kg/hr = 0.012 barrels fluid per hour bar/h
Converter type: flow rate units
This online flow rate from kg/hr into bar/h converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals.
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First unit: kilogram (petrol) per hour (kg/hr) is used for measuring flow rate.
Second: barrel fluid per hour (bar/h) is unit of flow rate.
0.012 bar/h is converted to 1 of what?
The barrels fluid per hour unit number 0.012 bar/h converts to 1 kg/hr, one kilogram (petrol) per hour. It is the EQUAL flow rate value of 1 kilogram (petrol) per hour but in the barrels fluid per hour flow rate unit alternative.
How to convert 2 kilograms (petrol) per hour (kg/hr) into barrels fluid per hour (bar/h)? Is there a calculation formula?
First divide the two units variables. Then multiply the result by 2 - for example:
0.0116526529951 * 2 (or divide it by / 0.5)
QUESTION:
1 kg/hr = ? bar/h
ANSWER:
1 kg/hr = 0.012 bar/h
Other applications for this flow rate calculator ...
With the above mentioned two-units calculating service it provides, this flow rate converter proved to be useful also as a teaching tool:
1. in practicing kilograms (petrol) per hour and barrels fluid per hour ( kg/hr vs. bar/h ) values exchange.
2. for conversion factors training exercises between unit pairs.
3. work with flow rate's values and properties.
International unit symbols for these two flow rate measurements are:
Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. short brevis ), unit symbol, for kilogram (petrol) per hour is:
kg/hr
Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for barrel fluid per hour is:
bar/h
One kilogram (petrol) per hour of flow rate converted to barrel fluid per hour equals to 0.012 bar/h
How many barrels fluid per hour of flow rate are in 1 kilogram (petrol) per hour? The answer is: The change of 1 kg/hr ( kilogram (petrol) per hour ) unit of flow rate measure equals = to 0.012 bar/h ( barrel fluid per hour ) as the equivalent measure for the same flow rate type.
In principle with any measuring task, switched on professional people always ensure, and their success depends on, they get the most precise conversion results everywhere and every-time. Not only whenever possible, it's always so. Often having only a good idea ( or more ideas ) might not be perfect nor good enough solution. If there is an exact known measure in kg/hr - kilograms (petrol) per hour for flow rate amount, the rule is that the kilogram (petrol) per hour number gets converted into bar/h - barrels fluid per hour or any other flow rate unit absolutely exactly.
Conversion for how many barrels fluid per hour ( bar/h ) of flow rate are contained in a kilogram (petrol) per hour ( 1 kg/hr ). Or, how much in barrels fluid per hour of flow rate is in 1 kilogram (petrol) per hour? To link to this flow rate kilogram (petrol) per hour to barrels fluid per hour online converter simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: flow rate from kilogram (petrol) per hour (kg/hr) to barrels fluid per hour (bar/h) conversion.
I've done my best to build this site for you- Please send feedback to let me know how you enjoyed visiting.


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Religious Do You Know Dry Erase Poster Set - 6 Pc.
6 Piece(s) _TAG_
You save 38%
Check students' comprehension and provide a further understanding of your Bible lessons with this dry erase poster set. Hang them on your board and go through each one as a class. Each set includes: Who, When, What, Why, Where and How. Dry erase markers sold separately. Laminated cardstock. (6 pcs. per set) 10" x 20" © OTC
- Oriental Trading
- Preschool, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade


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A power meter cycling is a device that measures the power output of a cyclist. It is typically used by competitive cyclists to track their progress and performance. The power output is measured in watts, and it can be displayed on a variety of devices, including a head unit, smartphone, or tablet.
A power meter cycling is a piece of equipment that measures the amount of power that a cyclist produces. This information can be used to help improve training and performance. Power meters are becoming increasingly popular among competitive cyclists, as they provide valuable data that can be used to fine-tune training and racing strategies.
The Ultimate Guide To Power Meters | Which Is Best For You?
What Does a Cycling Power Meter Do?
A cycling power meter is a device that measures the power output of a cyclist. The power output is measured in watts and gives cyclists feedback on their performance. A typical power meter will measure the power output at the pedals, but there are also models that measure the power output at the rear wheel.
Power meters can be used to help cyclists train more effectively and improve their performance.
Do I Need a Power Meter for Cycling?
A power meter is a device that measures the power output of a cyclist. Power is measured in watts and tells you how much work you are doing on the bike. A power meter can be a useful tool to help you train more effectively and improve your cycling performance.
There are many different types of power meters available on the market, ranging in price from around $200 to over $1000. You do not need to spend a lot of money to get a quality power meter. Some popular models include the Garmin Vector, SRM PC8, and Quarq Riken.
If you are serious about improving your cycling performance, then a power meter is definitely something to consider investing in. It can be a helpful tool for monitoring your progress and setting training goals. However, if you are just starting out or are not looking to race competitively, then a power meter may not be necessary.
Is a Power Meter the Same As a Cadence Sensor?
No, a power meter is not the same as a cadence sensor. A power meter measures the amount of power you are putting out on your bike, while a cadence sensor measures how fast your pedals are turning. While they both can be used to improve your cycling performance, they serve different purposes.
Garmin Power Meter
If you're looking for a power meter to help take your training to the next level, you may be wondering if the Garmin Power Meter is the right choice for you. Here's a look at what this power meter has to offer so you can decide if it's the right fit for your needs.
The Garmin Power Meter is a device that attaches to your bike and measures the power output of each pedal stroke.
This information can be used to help optimize your training and see improvements in your performance over time. One of the key features of the Garmin Power Meter is its ability to connect with other devices and software via ANT+ or Bluetooth, which makes it very versatile. It also includes an LED light display that shows real-time data so you can keep track of your progress while riding.
Overall, the Garmin Power Meter is a high-quality device that offers plenty of features to help improve your riding. If you're looking for a power meter to take your training up a notch, the Garmin Power Meter should definitely be on your radar.
A power meter is a device that measures the power output of a cyclist. It is attached to the bicycle and measures the amount of work done by the cyclist. The power output is measured in watts and can be used to determine the cyclists' performance.
A power meter cycling can be a valuable tool for any cyclist, whether they are training for an event or just trying to improve their fitness.


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|Name: _________________________||Period: ___________________|
This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 4, The Greek Way of Writing.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The power of the Egyptian priests came from ____________________________.
(a) the ingorance and fear of others
(b) their ability to teach
(c) the people
(d) their power over the king
2. The first games, contests and competitions were held in _____________.
3. The literature indicates that life differed in Athens, as compared to Egypt, by which century?
4. Poetic license ________________________________________.
(a) allows the poet to write in whatever way he wants
(b) requires facts
(c) calls for simple statements
(d) requires briefness
5. The Hindu artist ________________________.
(a) was dictated to by Hindu priests
(b) had limited freedom
(c) had no freedom
(d) had the most freedom
Short Answer Questions
1. Which of the following terms does not describe Greek writing?
2. Which Pharaoh opposed the priests?
3. One of the differences in the society of the Greeks was the __________________.
4. What word best describes the ancient Athenians?
5. Greek writing can be characterized as ______________________.
This section contains 173 words
(approx. 1 page at 300 words per page)


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Capacity Building Project
There is a significant human resources deficit in the healthcare sector in low-income nations. In Africa alone, the deficit is estimated to be over 4 million workers. Part of this problem is Africa's lack of qualified trainers and relevant curricula. The Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH), in collaboration with other partners, are exceptionally positioned to address this global health challenge by creating an online platform that lists training needs and curricula deficits from institutions in resource limited settings (RLS).
Statement of Purpose: The Capacity Building Project helps to identify and aggregate training needs and best practices from institutions in RLS and share this information among benefiting institutions..
Activities Summary: The Capacity Building Project
- Invites institutions in RLS to identify their priority human resources (HR) training needs
- Posts these needs online through a database
- Feeds relevant information to existing CUGH Committees, Interest Groups, and partner institutions
- Creates and maintains a website that serves as an open access platform
- Facilitates actionable conversation by identifying potentially synergistic relationships.
Global Community Health Partnerships
While the CUGH Capacity Building Project creates the opportunity for developing meaningful partnerships, the GCHP approach is one model of partnership management to close the Knowledge-Action gap. The partnership between a LMIC community, the Peace Corps/Rotary Clubs and US-LMIC academic institutions using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach emphasizes the local context of health policy implementation and increases access to primary health care services at the local level in low resource settings while identifying community health policies that have implications beyond the local level. These partnerships link:
- LMIC community members and health care providers
- Peace Corps and Rotary Clubs
- U.S. and LMIC academic centers
The Peace Corps and Rotary facilitate the partnership by liaising between the community and the academic partners and offering community expertise, cultural guidance, onsite project coordination, and community advocacy. The universities offer professional technical and public health training resources and evaluation support. Partnership project planning meetings occur longitudinally through distance communication and document sharing. Community Advisory Board (CAB) meetings, focus groups, data collection, policy discussions, and technical trainings occur primarily during biannual university site visits. The participatory partnership and CAB meetings guide the health service adaptation, implementation, quality improvement, and the evaluation.
The outcome of a partnership is a sustainable health service, trained healthcare providers, service guidelines directed at a locally-prioritized health issue, and health service implementation research using mixed methods to evaluate the process and impact of the health service. The expansion of a community-Peace Corps/Rotary-academic approach fosters the development of global health partnerships that
- consistently use participatory approaches to address the need of sustainable community health systems in low resource communities and
- focus on primary health care services implementation research.
End Polio Now
End Polio Now is a Rotary Led effort to eradicate Polio and improve the lives of communities globally. Our collective effort recognizes the importance of health systems in the success of this and other initiatives. As Rotary achieves its goal, our hope is to continue the strengthening of health systems to maintain Polio eradication and to address other similar challenges through ensuring access to vaccines and sound primary health care systems.
Living Health Global and Living Health US are complementary advocacy efforts to educate individuals and communities on how universal health care or challenges with access impact the lives and individuals and the well-being of communities. This will be a terrific opportunity for our institutions to collectively educate about and advocate for health equity in the US and globally.


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New method of determining geographic origin of humans
Leiden researchers have developed a new method of determining the geographic origin of humans. Archaeologist Jason Laffoon and his team used the technique to discover where precolonial pioneers in the Caribbean region came from.
When we research human migration in the past, it is a challenge to pinpoint where exactly different individuals or groups came from. DNA studies are widely used methods for research on human remains, but in terms of geographic origins, these genetic studies provide more information about the ancestors of the individual found, according to Dr Laffoon. 'The DNA cannot tell us about an individual's personal origin, where he or she spent their childhood,' he explains.
Isotope research is increasingly being used to determine the origin of archaeological (or forensic) remains. Based on radioactive isotopes in the human remains, it is possible to distinguish between locals and immigrants. 'Although we can trace which individuals are immigrants in the area, we still don't know where they came from.'
Laffoon and his team combined isotope research with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and statistical analyses to develop a new method that makes it possible to determine where the individual originally came from. Laffoon: 'We can combine this with biochemical analysis of human remains, such as teeth, so that we are able to determine the geographic origin of individuals.'
The team tested this new method on the tooth of a modern person of known origin - from Caracas, Venezuela - and the results showed a very good match with this location. The team then tested the model on two archaeological teeth from different sites in the Caribbean, of which the origin was suspected. While less precise than with the modern tooth, the results of these tests also indicated specific regions as the places of origin.
Archaeology and forensic research
The new method earned Laffoon's team a publication in the scientific journal PLOS ONE. The team is now working on further validating the method. 'The technique has the potential to strongly improve the precision and accuracy with which the origins can be determined,' says Laffoon. 'This could have very important implications not only for archaeological studies of migrations but also for forensic research into, for example, the identification of human remains in crime investigations.'


With heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems eating up about 50 per cent of energy used in homes and buildings, cars are now being deployed in the United States with thermal-imaging rooftop rigs that create heat maps to detect building envelope inefficiencies.
The technology has been developed by Essess, a spin-out from MIT, to provide a more scalable and cost-effective approach to auditing buildings. On-site audits for residential and small commercial units can be difficult to implement on a large scale due to the cost and time required to manually conduct an audit on each unit, but each imaging rig can capture thermal images for tens of thousands of units in a single night.
The rig includes two long-wave infrared (LWIR) radiometric cameras and near-infrared cameras. In order to get a robust, vertical image of the scene, data streams from the LWIR are stitched together using proprietary algorithms. A LiDAR system - a remote sensing technology that measures distance by illuminating a target with a laser and analysing the reflected light - captures the images in 3D and separates building facades from the physical environment.
The vehicles are also armed with an on-board rig management system with a suite of driver and navigator tools to maintain and troubleshoot the imaging rig in real time, as well as optimise route planning.
"In our calculations, we assume the average temperature and pressure inside of the home and are able to measure the exact temperature and pressure in the outside environment. The technology can, very accurately, show blatant hot spots throughout the building envelope," explained Navi Singh, head of solutions delivery at Essess.
The data captured using the thermal imaging system is then combined with utility data, weather data, property records and demographic information to deliver a highly personalised energy efficiency analysis for each building envelope. Combining multiple sources of information enables an analytical engine to identify the optimal structural improvements.
Thermal cameras have previously been very expensive – costing as much as $40,000 – with lower resolution than ordinary smartphone cameras. But a technology breakthrough by Field Intelligence Lab has led to low-cost cameras – about $1,000 – which produce high-resolution thermal images.
"We've made thermal imaging very automated on a very large scale," says Essess co-founder Sanjay Sarma, who co-invented the technology.
The inherent scalability of the thermal imaging technology offers the potential for electric and gas utilities to scan their entire service territories in a matter of days or weeks to derive intelligence around their customers. That information has previously been far too costly to obtain.
By way of example, the map below displays over 17,000 buildings in Cambridge, Massachussetts which were scanned in a matter of hours.
Building Envelope Efficiency of Houses In Cambridge
Building envelope efficiency of houses in Cambridge
The different colors represent a building's energy loss via the envelope. Blue or purple buildings have more efficient building envelopes, whereas red buildings suffer from some form of structural inefficiency that results in substantial energy loss.
From an HVAC perspective, system efficiency is affected by the system itself, by household behavioural factors such as thermostat and window usage, and by the building envelope. Companies measuring HVAC efficiency today, by reading meters and using other data, have no building-envelope scans, so they can't really determine if the envelope is the cause.
If the audit team sees high meter usage that corresponds to really high HVAC load, but see a really strong envelope captured by the thermal imaging camera, this will alert them to an abnormality that has to be addressed by an HVAC contractor.
There have been, and continue to be, significant challenges but efficiencies are continuing to improve.
Temperature differences and vibrations, among other things, mean that infrared cameras need daily calibration. Constant tweaks have also had to be made to the GPS system, while software development is an evolutionary process.
Furthermore, it was only with the system running that they realised that when there is a tree in front of the building, in the thermal image it was hard to figure out where the tree ends and the building begins. That is what led to the installation of the LiDAR system, to better differentiate building facades from the surrounding environment.
Singh also agreed that there are and will always be outliers in the data set.
"What if someone has gone on vacation and left their heat on a really low setting, for example? For the majority of the data scanned, the information is still very useful. For someone having a party, they may have a really high internal temperature than can often be very useful as it further highlights where heat is leaking from the building. Furthermore, in cases where one home is extremely out of sync with other homes in the neighborhood, the algorithm highlights that particular home and we will look at the data for that home in more detail in order figure out exactly why that home is an outlier," he said.
Essess estimates that by making homes just two per cent more efficient, billions of dollars could be saved.
 - Despite their ubiquity in the built environment, people still grossly underestimate the impact of HVAC installations on energy consumption and utilities bills.


Dataset Standards
Minari Dataset Directory
Minari stores the offline datasets under a common root directory. The root directory path for the local datasets is set by default to ~/.minari/datasets/. However, this path can be modified by setting the environment variable MINARI_DATASETS_PATH.
The remote datasets are kept in the public Google Cloud Platform (GCP) bucket minari-remote.
Minari dataset directories are named after the datasets id. The datasets id must follow the syntax (namespace/)(env_name/)dataset_name(-v(version)), where:
 - namespace: an optional string that allows grouping of several datasets under a common subdirectory. If no namespace is specified, the dataset is stored in the top level directory and the dataset id takes the form (env_name/)dataset_name(-v(version)), with no leading forward slash. Namespaces can be arbitrarily nested.
 - env_name: an optional string that describes the environment from which the dataset was created. For example, if a dataset comes from the AdroitHandDoor environment env_name can be equal to door. The env_name is a namespace group we encourage to use when the dataset is generated from an environment.
 - dataset_name: a string describing the content of the dataset. For example, if the dataset for the AdroitHandDoor environment was generated from human input we can give the value human to dataset_name.
 - version: integer value that represent the number of versions for door-human-v(version) dataset, starting from 0.
In the end, the id of the dataset for the initial version of the AdroitHandDoor environment example, with no namespace, will be door/human-v0. If the dataset was created with a namespace, for example D4RL, the dataset id would instead be D4RL/door/human-v0.
Minari dataset directories are stored in the root directory (~/.minari/datasets/ by default) or in a subdirectory corresponding to the namespace of the dataset if a namespace is specified.
Each Minari dataset directory contains another directory named data where the data files are stored. We currently support two files format: Arrow and HDF5. You can choose the file format when you create the dataset (see minari.DataCollector and minari.create_dataset_from_buffers()).
Dataset Metadata
Datasets can have metadata attached to them, as well as metadata for each episode. The dataset metadata can be specified by the user during dataset creation. On the other hand, the metadata for each episode can be added by the user by overriding the EpisodeMetadataCallback function in the DataCollector wrapper.
When creating a Minari dataset the default global metadata will be the following:
Attribute
Type
Description
dataset_id
str
Identifier of the Minari dataset.
total_episodes
int
Number of episodes in the Minari dataset.
total_steps
int
Number of steps in the Minari dataset.
action_space
gymnasium.Space
Gymnasium action space describing actions in dataset.
observation_space
gymnasium.Space
Gymnasium observation space describing observations in dataset.
env_spec
str
JSON string of the Gymnasium environment spec.
code_permalink
str
Link to a repository with the code used to generate the dataset.
author
set of str
Name of the authors that created the dataset.
author_email
set of str
Email of the authors that created the dataset.
algorithm_name
str
Name of the expert policy used to create the dataset.
minari_version
str
Version of Minari that generated the dataset.
requirements
list of str
List of requirements in pip-style to load the environment.
where only dataset_id, total_episodes, and total_steps are mandatory (with the latter two computed automatically).
For each episode group the default metadata attributes are:
Metric
Type
Description
rewards_max
float
Maximum reward value in the episode.
rewards_min
float
Minimum reward value in the episode.
rewards_mean
float
Mean value of the episode rewards.
rewards_std
float
Standard deviation of the episode rewards.
rewards_sum
float
Total undiscounted return of the episode.
Namespace metadata
Namespaces can have metadata associated to them, to describe the group of datasets that they contain. Arbitrary JSON-serializable metadata is supported, and is stored in the file namespace_metadata.json in the appropriate namespace directory.
Observation and Action Spaces
The Minari storage format supports the following observation and action spaces:
Supported Spaces
Space
Description
Discrete
Describes a discrete space where {0, 1, ..., n-1} are the possible values our observation can take. An optional argument can be used to shift the values to {a, a+1, ..., a+n-1}.
Box
An n-dimensional continuous space. The upper and lower arguments can be used to define bounded spaces.
Tuple
Represents a tuple of spaces.
Dict
Represents a dictionary of spaces.
Text
The elements of this space are bounded strings from a charset. Note: at the moment, we don't guarantee support for all surrogate pairs.
Spaces are serialized to a JSON format when saving to disk. This serialization supports all space types supported by Minari, and aims to be both human, and machine readable.
EpisodeData Structure
A Minari dataset is encapsulated in the MinariDataset class which allows for iterating and sampling through episodes which are defined as EpisodeData data class. Take the following example where we load the D4RL/door/human-v2 dataset and randomly sample 10 episodes:
import minari
dataset = minari.load_dataset("D4RL/door/human-v2", download=True)
sampled_episodes = dataset.sample_episodes(10)
The sampled_episodes variable will be a list of 10 EpisodeData elements, each containing episode data. An EpisodeData element is a data class consisting of the following fields:
Field
Type
Description
id
int
ID of the episode.
observations
np.ndarray, list, tuple, dict
Stacked observations for each step including initial observation.
actions
np.ndarray, list, tuple, dict
Stacked actions for each step.
rewards
np.ndarray
Rewards for each step.
terminations
np.ndarray
Terminations for each step.
truncations
np.ndarray
Truncations for each step.
infos
dict
A dictionary containing additional information returned by the environment
As mentioned in the Supported Spaces section, many different observation and action spaces are supported so the data type for these fields are dependent on the environment being used.
Moreover, when creating a dataset with DataCollector, if the DataCollector is initialized with record_infos=True, an info dict must be provided from every call to the environment's step and reset function. The structure of the info dictionary must be the same across steps. Given that it is not guaranteed that all Gymnasium environments provide infos at every step, we provide the StepDataCallback which can modify the infos from a non-compliant environment so they have the same structure at every step.
Other optional attributes of the episode, such as reset seed and options, can be found in the episode metadata using MinariStorage.get_episode_metadata.


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Agnes Ayres (_PHONE_) was an American actress who made a significant impact during the silent film era.
Born on April 4, 1898, in Carbondale, Illinois, she achieved fame for her work in a variety of silent film genres, contributing to the burgeoning Hollywood film industry of the early 20th century.
Ayres began her career on the stage, performing in theater productions before transitioning to silent films. Her early experience on the stage helped her develop the acting skills and stage presence that would serve her well in her film career.
One of Ayres' most notable roles was in the 1921 silent film " The Sheik," directed by George Melford and starring Rudolph Valentino. In this film, she portrayed Lady Diana Mayo, an Englishwoman who becomes entangled in a passionate romance with Valentino's character, Sheik Ahmed Ben Hassan. " The Sheik" was a massive success and is often credited with popularizing the "Latin lover" archetype in American cinema, while also making Valentino a household name. Ayres' performance in the film added to its allure and contributed to her recognition as a talented actress.
Agnes Ayres continued to work in various film genres, from dramas to comedies, showcasing her versatility as an actress. She appeared in films such as "Forbidden Fruit" (1921) and "The Affairs of Anatol" (1921), working with prominent directors of the time.
Despite her successful career during the silent film era, the transition to sound films in the late 1920s presented challenges for Ayres and many other silent film stars. While some actors adapted to the new medium, others struggled to make the transition. Unfortunately, Agnes Ayres' career waned as sound films became the dominant form of cinema.
Her later career is marked by fewer film appearances, but she continued to work in the industry, demonstrating her enduring dedication to acting. However, she never regained the level of fame and recognition she enjoyed during the silent film era.
Agnes Ayres' contributions to early Hollywood cinema are still celebrated today. While she may not be as well-remembered as some of her contemporaries, her work in " The Sheik" and other silent films remains a testament to her acting talent and the role she played in shaping the film industry during its formative years.
Tragically, Ayres faced personal difficulties and health challenges later in life. She retired from acting and lived in relative obscurity. She passed away on December 25, 1940, at the age of 42, but her work during the silent film era endures as part of the rich history of American cinema.
Agnes Ayres' legacy is a reminder of the many talented and dedicated individuals who contributed to the early days of Hollywood, helping to establish it as the global powerhouse it is today. Her performances and her role in " The Sheik" continue to be celebrated as integral to the silent film era and its impact on the development of American cinema.


text: New adaptive edge detection algorithms based on volumetric neighborhood size estimation for automatic three or higher dimensional biomedical image analysis are presented in this work. The proposed methods are based on nonparametric three-dimensional kernel functions obtained using the "three-term" orthogonal-type polynomial equations for different types of orthogonal polynomial families. The obtained multidimensional kernels can be of any volumetric neighborhood size and order of approximation. The optimal sizes of volume estimates, produced by the multidimensional convolution of the kernels with the multidimensional biomedical images, are controlled by a switch type variance dependent volume size selector. The proposed methods show excellent results in approximating the true position and shape of the edges of different organs of the human body represented in multidimensional biomedical images, which can have nonuniform voxel size and anisotropic image intensity and noise distribution.


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Translation of scorch in Spanish:
- the sun had scorched the fields/grassit was so hot I scorched my tongueel sol había agostado or abrasado los campos/la hierbathe iron scorched her sleeveestaba tan caliente que me quemé or me abrasé la lenguascorched-earth policyla plancha le chamuscó or le quemó la manga(estrategia militar que consiste en arrasar todo lo que puede serle útil al enemigo)Example sentences
- I could feel the heat surrounding me, burning me, scorching my skin, causing me to cry out wordlessly in pain.
- Closely following it was a blast of heat which scorched clothes, ignited buildings and set even the individual blades of grass on fire.
- The bright suns rays touched her sneakers, scorching them with fiery heat.
- I live in an area that was scorched by drought for several years.
- The countryside had been scorched; the acacia hedges were tipped with orange.
- In winter much of it is under snow; in spring grass appears, which is scorched dry and swept by the dust storms of summer.
- 1 (become scorched)(fabric)chamuscarse(food)quemarseExample sentences
- And then my lips, my tongue, were burning, scorching, stinging from the heat.
- I dropped my sword in panic because I thought that my hands would scorch in the flames.
- Stir occasionally for even heating and to prevent scorching.
- 2 (go fast)(person/vehicle)ir a toda velocidadir a todo lo que da or a toda mecha [colloquial]Example sentences
- The Glasgow speedster has fallen from grace almost as fast as the winger scorches down the sidelines.
- This inoffensive-looking car can scorch along at impressive figures, and, as it is based on a chassis with a decent set of dimensions, it has real space for adults in the back.
- He scorched out of traps to set a blistering pace.
- (before noun) scorch markquemadura (feminine) superficialmarca (feminine) de quemadura superficialExample sentences
- Huge black scorch marks marred the surface that would have normally been a shiny metal.
- Is that what this scorch mark is all about then?
- There were no scorch marks, no soiling of any sort.
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Here is a selection of useful words and phrases you will need in real-life situations while you're visiting Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries...
A portero is a superintendent in an apartment building who looks after it, keeps it clean, delivers mail, and keeps an eye on comings and goings. Porteros often have an apartment in the building as part of their pay. The portero, and particularly the female portera, are part of popular culture. They have a reputation for being inquisitive and fond of gossip.


text:
Potterton Commercial joins trend to centralised heating plant for residential blocks
Served by hot water from central plant, Potterton Commercial's Sirius 'heat box' is supplied with hot water from central plant and uses two plate heat exchangers to provide heating and hot water for individual dwellings in a residential block.
Potterton Commercial has responded to the trend towards centralised heating and hot-water solutions in multi-occupancy residential development with the launch of the Sirius SAT 'heat box'. These units provide heating and hot water for individual dwellings in a block of flats served by a central plant room. The benefits of this centralised method of providing heating and hot water include reduced installation costs, fewer flues and visible plumage and reduced costs for annual servicing of individual boilers. It is also easier to integrate low- and zero-carbon solutions with central plant, such as the Andrews Solarflo solar thermal system. There are eight sizes of Sirius SAT heat boxes. Their integral heat meters can transmit data wirelessly, enabling the consumption of heating and hot water in each dwelling to be monitored from a single position, reducing reading costs and avoiding potential reading mistakes. The consumption of energy in each dwelling is shown on a digital display to help encourage efficient use. Options include programmable room thermostat, weather-compensation module and DHW/cold-water meter and pipework loop.
For more information on this story, click here: Dec 08, 161


text:
Scrabble word: BUFFER
In which Scrabble dictionary does BUFFER exist?
Definitions of BUFFER in dictionaries:
- noun - (chemistry) an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH
- noun - a neutral zone between two rival powers that is created in order to diminish the danger of conflict
- noun - an inclined metal frame at the front of a locomotive to clear the track
- noun - (computer science) a part of RAM used for temporary storage of data that is waiting to be sent to a device
- noun - a power tool used to buff surfaces
- noun - a cushion-like device that reduces shock due to an impact
- noun - an implement consisting of soft material mounted on a block
- verb - add a buffer (a solution)
- verb - protect from impact
- adj - of the yellowish-beige color of buff leather
- One that buffs, especially a piece of soft leather or cloth used to shine or polish.
- A buffing wheel.
- Something that lessens or absorbs the shock of an impact.
- One that protects by intercepting or moderating adverse pressures or influences: "A sense of humor... may have served as a buffer against the... shocks of disappointment" (James Russell Lowell).
- Something that separates potentially antagonistic entities, as an area between two rival powers that serves to lessen the danger of conflict.
- A substance that minimizes change in the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
- A device or area used to store data temporarily and deliver it at a rate different from that at which it was received.
- To act as a buffer for or between.
- To treat (a solution) with a buffer.
- verb - to pad with soft material
There are 6 letters in BUFFER: B E F F R U
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to BUFFER
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word BUFFER plus a wildcard: BUFFER?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word BUFFER
Images for BUFFER
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players.


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Effectively Using Internal Logic Analyzers for Debugging FPGAs
Factors Driving Change in FPGA Debugging Techniques
The ability to reprogram an FPGA has been a key benefit during the functional debug of a hardware design. If the design is not working correctly, the ability to add "debug hooks" has been used by engineers since the earliest use of CPLDs and FPGAs. Initially, signals internal to the FPGA that needed to be observed were brought out to pins and then external logic analyzers were used to capture the data. However, as design complexity and size have increased, this approach is no longer adequate for several reasons. First, as FPGA design capacity has increased, the number of pins has increased at a much slower rate. Consequently, the ratio of available logic to available I/Os has decreased over time, as shown in Figure 1. Additionally, the number of free I/Os available for debug purposes once the design is complete is often few to none.
20080212_lattice_fig1.gif
Figure 1 – LUTs / User Available I/O on Current Lattice FPGAs
Second, design complexity now often requires many signals to be observed instead of just a few. A common technique is to implement wider internal buses to achieve high system throughput in larger FPGAs. If an internal 32-bit bus is suspected of having bad data, a few I/O pins are clearly insufficient to determine the problem.
Third, complex functions often need to be tested in-system. In this case, access to I/Os may be limited to physical access to a board when in-system. New package types also limit physical access to the FPGA pins. System speed also can be an issue because probe connections can cause performance or noise signal degradation.
Finally, a major factor driving a change in the debugging of FPGAs is the availability of new tools that use internal or embedded logic analyzers.
As with all tools, the best results are obtained by using these tools for what they do best, rather than using them the same way as previous tools. Both internal and external logic analyzers are constrained by resources, static parameters and dynamic parameters. This article compares these constraints for both types of tools, and examines how best to utilize internal logic analyzers.
Limitations of External Logic Analyzers
External logic analyzers have been in use for decades. A significant benefit of the external logic analyzer is its ability to store a large volume of signal information or trace data. Configurations vary, but most external logic analyzers can store several megabytes of data. To use an external logic analyzer with an FPGA, the data must first be routed off-chip. This is done in one of two ways. The first is to directly route the signals to be observed to I/O pins. Depending on the FPGA package type, accessing the I/O pins can be difficult. Boards designed for debugging in this manner typically have connectors, such as a MICTOR connector, designed into the board that are connected to the FPGA. However, this method is very inefficient because an I/O is needed for each signal.
The second method used is to insert a core used to route signals to the I/Os. The advantage of this method is that the core can be designed to multiplex the signals to the I/O pins, allowing the pins to be shared. The limitation of this method is that signals need to be captured in real time by the external logic analyzer, and multiplexing significantly decreases the fastest possible capture rate. For this reason, either a 2x or 4x multiplexing scheme is commonly used. This means that 32 I/O pins can now support 64 or 128 signals. This is a significant improvement, but still a limitation if, for example, values on a wide bus are being debugged. Once signals are connected to the external logic analyzer, it then can be used to set up the triggering and data capture conditions.
At this point the constraints placed on using the external logic analyzer are limited signals, high speed triggering logic and large amounts of available trace memory. Most logic analyzers use a state machine-type triggering mechanism. The user specifies a value to wait for on the signals, and then either captures the data or goes to another state to look for a different condition. The signals themselves are static, but the conditions are dynamic and can be changed at any time. This approach works well, given the constraints. Since the number of signals is limited, the number of operations possible on the combination of the signals is reduced. But since trace memory is relatively large, it's common to try to find a trigger condition close to the desired observation point, and then capture large amounts of data to find the problem.
Using an Internal Logic Analyzer
An internal logic analyzer performs the same debugging function for an FPGA as an external logic analyzer, but the constraints are completely different. An internal logic analyzer uses one or more logic analyzer cores that are embedded in the FPGA design. The designer uses a PC to set the trigger conditions in software, which normally talks to the FPGA via JTAG. Once the logic analyzer core captures the data, it is transferred back to the PC via JTAG and can then be viewed by the designer. The number of signals available is limited only by the complexity of the triggering logic and the size of the trace memory. Most implementations allow hundreds or thousands of signals to be observed.
Triggering logic resources are limited to the space available in the FPGA that is not used by design logic, and trace memory is limited to the available RAM in the FPGA that is not used by design logic. Some implementations require RAM for trace memory; and some allow either RAM or LUTs to be used. However, all implementations offer significantly less trace memory than external logic analyzers, usually on the order of several thousand bits compared to several million bits. Triggering and data capture can occur at the full speed of the design, since the signals do not need to be multiplexed off the FPGA. As with an external logic analyzer, the signals have to be statically defined. Changing signals often requires the FPGA to be re-implemented, although some tools offer the ability to change some or all of the connected signals with only an incremental route of the FPGA. Most implementations allow some or all of the trigger conditions to be dynamically changed during debug; however, the complexity of the triggers varies depending on which tool is used. The difference in more available signals, significantly less available memory and different triggering options drive the need to use the internal logic analyzer differently in order to get the best results.
One example of a complex debugging issue is looking for a particular pixel in the display of an SMPTE SDI HD display. In this particular case, it would be necessary to find the EAV (end active video) sequence, then look for the particular line number relevant to the desired data, then look for the SAV (start active video) sequence. Finally, the necessary number of words is counted to correspond with the desired pixel in the line (Figure 2).
20080212_lattice_fig2.gif
Figure 2 – Example of an SDI HD Data Stream
To find this kind of data for debugging requires looking for a sequence of values, then a particular value, followed by an ending sequence and finally counting a number of clocks before capturing data. To understand how to do this, it is necessary to look at a particular implementation. Lattice's Reveal hardware debugger uses trigger units and trigger expressions to determine a trigger point. A trigger unit is a comparator, while the trigger expression allows combinations of trigger units and sequences.
For this SDI example, three trigger units could be used to define the EAV and SAV sequences, another trigger unit for the line number, and finally a count statement for the wait before acquiring data. An example trigger setup is shown in Figure 3. This setup can be used to look for any desired line number and pixel, since the value for the line number trigger unit and the count can be changed dynamically.
20080212_lattice_fig3.gif
Figure 3 – Example of a Trigger Setup
Conclusion
External logic analyzers will continue to be used due to their value in analyzing system level functions. But their use for internal FPGA debugging requires available connections to be designed on the board and the number of available signals can be limited. Internal logic analyzers provide significant freedom in the number of signals that can be used, but face resource constraints in triggering logic and especially in trace memory. However, careful use of triggering options can allow an internal logic analyzer to start capturing data at the exact time needed to maximize the available resources. In this example, a complex sequence needed to analyze a specific pixel (line and word) in an SDI video signal has been broken down into simple trigger elements for increased efficiency. This example is just a brief look at the use and applications of internal logic analyzers. As FPGA design complexities increase internal logic analyzers and similar tools will be of increasing value to designers for functional verification and debug.

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Feb 15, 2019
Monday is Presidents' Day, and Cadence (in the US) will be off for the day. Breakfast Bytes will be off too, and as is now traditional, the post before


text:
The Wage Gap between Francophones and Anglophones: A Canadian Perspective, 1970 to 2000
NBER Working Paper No. 14203
The wage differential between Francophone and Anglophone men from 1970 to 2000 fell by 25 percentage points within Quebec, but only by 10 points Canada-wide, largely because the wages of Quebec Anglophones fell by 15 points relative to other Canadian Anglophones. Accordingly, the Canadian measure of the Francophone wage gap better reflects the changing welfare of Francophones than the Quebec measure. Over half of the reduction in the Canadian Francophone wage gap is explained by rising Francophone education levels. In Quebec, the declining number and relative wages of Anglophone workers is best explained by a falling demand for English-speaking labour.
Supplementary materials for this paper:
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w14203
Published: Albouy, David Y. "The Wage Gap between Francophones and Anglophones: A Canadian Perspective, 1970 to 2000" Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 41, No. 4, November 2008, pp. _PHONE_.
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Benny and Elizabeth chat with Mark Pentleton about how he started the Coffee Break language podcasts and how his role shifted from language teacher to language learner.
Mentioned in this Episode
Some of the topics brought up during the interview are:
- Starting and developing Coffee Break language podcasts
- Moving from teacher to learner on the podcast
- Helping his children learn languages at home
- How students can overcome the intermediate plateau
- Having patience and avoiding comparison with others
- The opportunities that come from speaking languages
- How to view mistakes and be resilient
- How Mark found and built the Coffee Break team
Podcast theme: "A New Beginning" by Shannon Kennedy


Unveiling the enigmatic Gaboon Viper: Nature's master of camouflage and lethal precision

Introduction:
Deep within the dense forests of Central and West Africa resides a creature that has captured the fascination of nature enthusiasts and herpetologists—the Gaboon Viper. With its mesmerizing patterns, remarkable camouflage, and potent venom, this snake is a true marvel of nature. In this article, we embark on a journey to uncover the secrets of the Gaboon Viper, exploring its unique traits, incredible adaptations, and vital role within its ecosystem.
Exploring the Gaboon Viper:
The Gaboon Viper (Bitis gabonica) is a large and venomous snake, belonging to the Viperidae family. With a maximum length of 6 feet (1.8 meters) and weighing up to 20 pounds (9 kilograms), this snake commands attention. However, it is their captivating appearance that truly sets them apart.
1-The Art of Camouflage:
Equipped with one of nature's most intricate camouflage patterns, the Gaboon Viper is a master of blending in. Its scales display a palette of earthy tones, ranging from sandy browns to rich mahogany, allowing it to seamlessly merge with its surroundings. Combined with its distinctive triangular head and prominent brow ridges, this snake becomes nearly invisible among fallen leaves and forest debris, an ultimate stealth predator.
2-Deadly Precision:
While its camouflage aids in concealment, it is the Gaboon Viper's venomous fangs that make it a formidable predator. Sporting the longest fangs among venomous snakes, up to 2 inches (5 centimeters) in length, it delivers a powerful bite. Its venom contains hemotoxic properties, swiftly incapacitating prey by breaking down blood vessels and tissues.
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