Using Facebook Multiple Text Optimization For Responsive Ads
Using Facebook Multiple Text Optimization For Responsive Ads
Do you want to decrease your cost per conversion?
Are you finding yourself updating ads all the time?
In this article, I'll walk you through how to use Facebook's new Multiple Text Optimisation feature to improve your ability to test and consequently increase your results.
Why testing your ads is so important
There are two main aspects of Facebook advertising: the setup and the management.
The setup phase makes us the foundation of your advertising and is comprised of activities such as audience research and creation, Facebook pixel and conversion event tracking setup and of course creating your actual campaigns in your Ads Manager dashboard.
What few marketers realise is that when it comes to success with Facebook ads and generating the highest possible return on ad spend, the key to success is not the setup but in fact the management of your campaigns.
Facebook ad campaign management includes all the activities you do once your campaigns are set to Live and your ads start to be delivered to your target audiences.
Some of the most important post-creation campaign maintenance includes analysing your results and then testing new variables, with the aim of improving your performance. However, they are unfortunately some of the most time-consuming tasks related to running successful campaigns and is often the thing which separates the good advertisers from the great.
What is Multiple text optimisation?
Multiple Text Optimisation is a new feature found at the ad level of the campaign structure, where you create the ads you want to show your target audience.
The Multiple Text Optimization feature gives you the ability to include multiple text variations of several components of ad copy, such as primary text (copy that appears above your creative), headline and link description. Facebook's ad algorithm using machine learning will then choose from all the options you've entered when displaying the ad to your audience.
Multiple Text Optimisation displays different combinations of your ad components to your audience, similar to how Campaign Budget Optimisation finds optimal audiences. Both of these features are determined by the Facebook ad algorithm, which optimises to serve ads to those who will be most interested and responsive to it.
This expands the potential ad combinations and allows you to test more text variations more quickly than you could create them individually, therefore, driving better results, faster.
Multiple text variation reduces the impact of ad fatigue
The main outcome of using this feature is to improve your results through the use of multivariant testing. This allows you to find the optimal ad copy, headline and description combination.
However, it's worth noting that there's an additional benefit of using multiple text optimization and having more variations in that it actually works to reduce ad fatigue; this is significant since ad fatigue will negatively impact your campaigns. Multiple text variation also reduces the amount of time you spend managing your campaigns as it removes the need for manual copy refreshes.
Let me explain.
If you were to just create a single ad with one copy, headline and link description you can hit ad fatigue quickly, especially when your target audience is small, such as website custom audiences. This can also happen if you are aggressively spending with big budgets to reach your audiences faster and speed up the time it takes to get results.
When identifying ad fatigue and the negative impact it has on your campaign, such as a decline in your return on ad spend (ROAS), you'd routinely need to make sure you're implementing manual refresh changes, which involve creating a new ad variation.
However, when using the Multiple Text Optimisation feature, instead of having to manually create a new ad and change one of the ad variables, you've already pre-loaded your campaign with more variations that Facebook can test as soon as one variation starts to decrease in performance.
How to create responsive ads using the Multiple Text Optimisation feature
In your ads manager dashboard click on Create. This will open the campaign creation window and will present one of the two ways to create campaigns, guided or quick creation workflow. The specific one you see will depend on which one you use the most.
In this example, we are going to use the quick creation workflow as it allows for faster campaign creation.
In the quick creation window, name your campaign something appropriate and that you will recognise at a glance, saving future-you from having to trawl through several ad sets at any one time to work out which each one is. Next, select your objective. For this campaign example, we are using the Conversion objective. With Facebook's improvement in their machine learning over the last 12 months, this is now the most effective objective to generate sales or leads for your business when targeting any temperature of audience, cold warm or hot.
Make sure to check that Split Test and Campaign Budget Optimisation are toggled off. Name your ad set and ad and then click on Save to Draft. This creates a draft campaign in Ads Manager which we are now going to edit.
Once your campaign draft loads, you'll see the campaign edit window appear from the right of the screen. Select the ad set level of your campaign by either clicking on your ad set name at the top of the edit window or from the main navigation in the pop-out menu on the left.
Now at the ad set level, select your optimisation condition. Here, we are using it to market a lead magnet to our audience so want to optimise for the Lead event action. This is the event action that will be triggered when someone hits the thank you page after they have opted-in for the lead magnet.
NOTE: Multiple Text Optimisation can be used by all advertisers across multiple verticals. I'm going to cover a full breakdown of different use cases later in the article.
Now set your budget and schedule. In this example, we are targeting a cold Lookalike audience and can, therefore, set a higher budget due to the larger size.
How much of your audience you reach on a daily basis is determined by your budget allocation and therefore the time it takes to reach a statistically significant sample of your total target audience.
If you're able to have a larger budget, you'll be able to reach more of your audience faster and will generate results quicker. However, it's definitely worth noting that setting too high a budget can result in over delivery. This can be determined if you have a sharp increase in ad frequency and hit ad fatigue fairly early, which will work negatively to reduce the effectiveness of your campaign.
As a rule of thumb for setting budgets, cold audiences such as Saved interest audiences and Lookalikes are the largest in size and will therefore usually require a higher budget. When targeting audiences further down the funnel, such as warm audiences of engaged video consumers or page/Instagram engagers and hot audiences of website visitors, a smaller budget can be utilised since your audience size has typically decreased.
Next, you want to move onto defining your target audience. Where in the funnel you are using Multiple Text Optimisation will heavily determine what audience temperature and therefore type your target.
In this example, we are targeting a Lookalike audience of previous lead magnet opt-ins. This type of cold audience targeting is one of the most effective strategies for an audience of this temperature when running lead magnet campaigns. With a Lookalike audience, as we've controlled the source we don't need to narrow down the audience anymore via detailed targeting or even age or gender demographics.
NOTE: Lookalike audience creation is changing. Facebook is removing the country condition at the time of creation, instead, you now set it during campaign creation by the location targeting in your ad set.
Finally, set your placements and conversion window.
From historic data, we know that the highest quality traffic for this audience comes from Feeds placements on Facebook. If your new to Facebook ads or to marketing as a whole and don't have any previous data you can use to inform your placement decision making, then choose Automatic placements. You can use Auto placements with the Conversion objective as Facebook will optimise for a specific action further down your funnel than just website visitors.
If you are using any other campaign objective, I'd recommend using Edit placements and Feeds, otherwise, Facebook will push the majority of your reach to high volume low-quality placements such as the audience network. For a breakdown of the different placements and when best to use them click here.
With our aim being to drive lead magnet opt-ins, which has a low barrier to action since it's free, we can shorten the conversion window to 1 day after clicking. This is of course in reference to trying to drive a purchase conversion, which of course will naturally have a higher barrier to entry. This means that with the higher budget that we've set, Facebook will focus on optimising based on the people who have opted-in in the last 24 hours.
Now move on to creating the ad variations using Multiple Text Optimisation. First things first, select your Facebook page and Instagram business profile in the identity section.
In the create ad section, select your ad format. Single image/video, carousel or collection. This sets how your creative is displayed. Then choose the image or video you want to show your target audience.
In this example, we've created a piece of video content that first educates our target audience about common mistakes and then introduces the lead magnet.
Of course, your specific business, branding and niche will determine the creative you use, as well as what stage in the funnel you are targeting. For example, if you are an eCommerce company and you are targeting warm audiences positioning a sale on a product of yours, then your creative could be a slideshow video of product images or a single lifestyle product image.
Scroll down to the primary text, headline and description section. Here you'll notice that you can see the text "Add another option" which is where we'll add more variations of each of these ad elements. First add in your


text:
Last modified: 2011-06-10 by ivan sache
Keywords: gaul | insignia | boar |
Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors
Recent archaeological excavations made in Tintignac (municipality of Naves, department of Corrèze, Limousin) by Christophe Maniquet, from INRAP (Institut national de recherches archéologiques preventives), are briefly reported in Pour La Science, #327 (January 2005).Several broken artefacts have been found in a square worshipping pit in Tintignac. The site, located on the territory of the Lemovices tribe, is dated Ist century BC; in De Bello gallicum, Julius Caesar reports the use of such pits; their desecration was a cause of capital punishment, which explains why the Tintignac pit was preserved in the later Gallo-Roman ages.
A Gallic coin, shown in Larousse's Histoire de France Illustrée (Volume 1, Naissance d'une nation), depicts the Eduan chief Dumnorix, holding in one hand a carnyx and a boar-shaped insignia and in the other hand a human head. Astérix books do not report the use of the heads of the enemies as war trophies, which was fairly common in Gaul and upset so much the Greeks and the Romans.
Michel Pastoureau [pst98] explains that the boar was traditionnally associated with Gaul in the Roman times. On the Trajan's column, built in Rome in the IInd century to commemorate Emperor Trajan's conquests, Gaul is represented by a boar in the allegory of the provinces of the Empire. Pastoureau gives the drawing of the insignia of a Gallic legion, with a boar, seen on the column.
Ivan Sache, 27 December 2004

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Keep Your PCP Informed
Keep Your PCP Informed
You can do your part in coordinating your care. If you have received care in any health care setting outside of your primary care physician's (PCP) office, there are a couple of things you can do to ensure a smooth and timely transition.
Ask for a Visit or Discharge Summary
First, ask your health care provider to send a discharge or visit summary to your PCP. The summary information includes a list of discharge medicines you were prescribed. It is important for your PCP to review any medicines you were prescribed. Your PCP can decide if any further medication changes are needed.
The summary also lets your PCP know the reason services were needed, what tests were done and what follow up is needed.
In 2020, we surveyed many of our PCPs and asked if they received a discharge summary and if they got it within 10 business days. Hospitals were the most likely to send the summaries (66 percent) and sent summaries the quickest. Retail clinics were the least likely to send the information (50 percent) and the slowest to send it.
So when you receive health care services outside of your PCP's office, be sure to ask for a summary of your visit to be sent to your PCP.
Follow Up with Your PCP
Second, make sure to schedule an appointment with your PCP. That way you can discuss the care you received, test results or medicine changes. It also helps make sure you get safe, timely follow-up care.
Doing these two things can help make sure your care is coordinated between your PCP and other providers.


text:
The Lost Evidence: Alamein DVD
SKU ID #69893
You Save: $4.96 20% off
To Order by Phone Call _PHONE_
- Additional Details
- Format: Color, DVD-Video, NTSC
- Rating: Not Rated
- Number of Discs: 1
- Run Time: 50 Minutes
- Region: Region 1
- Aspect Ratio: 1.33:1
- Language: English
- Studio: History Channel
- DVD Release Date: November 17, 2006
The incredible showdown between WWII's greats - Rommel and Montgomery - as you've never seen it before.
- A cutting-edge combination of CGI animation and aerial photographs.
- Hear the stories of men who were there from their own mouths.
- Features dramatic re-enactments and archival film.
The material sat for decades, its unique view of important encounters unseen. Shot from aircraft high above the conflicts, it captures the intense action as Allied forces battled their enemies. Enriched with cutting-edge CGI graphics which create detailed contour maps of the battleground, THE LOST EVIDENCE sheds new light on some of WWII's most important engagements.
In the fall of 1942, in the remote North African desert, British and Allied troops face the feared German Afrika Korps and their Italian Allies. The British were pushed back nearly 1000 miles from Libya, to a little known Egyptian railway stop called El Alamein. Over the following nine days, this battle became a personal duel between General Bernard Montgomery and General Erwin Rommel. Only by brazenly pulling off one of the greatest deceptions of the war, the British fooled the Germans into making a catastrophic mistake.
Winston Churchill called this turning-point battle "not the beginning of the end, but, perhaps, the end of the beginning." Using rare aerial photographs from both Allied and Axis reconnaissance, THE LOST EVIDENCE provides the best overview ever of the Second Battle of El Alamein.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Science Lower MS Bio
Lower Middle School Biology for the Logic Stage leads 5th and 6th grade students through a study of plants, animal life, and the human body by digging deeper into fundamental concepts before high school. Biology for the Logic Stage Student Guide includes all student assignment sheets, sketches, experiment sheets and blank report pages that they will need to complete the year. Each of the student assignment sheets contains the weekly topic, sketch assignment, experiment directions, report options, dates to enter, and memory work.
* Prerequisites: None
* This course includes an optional learning experience.


text:
To convert 1 gram of salt into teaspoons, multiply 1 gram by 0.17. Although the conversion is not exact, there are approximately 6 grams in every teaspoon, translating to about 0.17 teaspoons per one gram.
- Measure the salt in grams
Use a kitchen scale to measure your salt in grams. Write down how much the salt weighs in grams.
- Multiply the amount of salt in grams by 0.17
The conversion from grams to teaspoons for salt is not exact. A gram is a measurement of mass, while a teaspoon is a measure of volume. Converting a measurement of mass to a measurement of volume can be done, but the result is approximate. If you have one gram of salt, you therefore must multiply by 0.17 in order to determine the salt's measurement in teaspoons.
- Use an online conversion calculator
If you want to calculate different measurements of salt from grams to teaspoons, go to TraditionalOven.com. In the search bar on the homepage, search for "salt converter", then click the first link. Once on the calculator, type the amount of salt in grams into the converter and hit Enter. The calculator automatically generates the conversion of salt from grams to teaspoons. You can also click "from teaspoons into grams" if you wish you toggle the conversion.


text:
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How To Write A Book Report For High School >>>CLICK HERE<<<
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-----------------
 B050 CBHE CBHN B050 B051 CBHE ...
 | |
 ---------- ----
 B052 B059(optional) B052
HARxxx/ Header directory, where SEED control headers are:
xxx conventionally 000 – 999
H.A abbreviation header blockettes
B050 station blockettes 050
B051 station comments
B052 channel blockettes 052-058, 060, 061
B059 channel comments
See Appendix A for examples of file contents.
Header Files
Each file which contains SEED header blockettes is an ascii file with a UNIX line terminator, lf, at the end of each blockette. They may not, in general, be edited as some blockettes may be up to 9999 bytes in size. The B052 files are usually the only ones which have records too long for the common UNIX text editors.
Within each Header file the blockettes should be sorted by increasing effective start/end time field. This allows the effective end=NULL blockettes to be the last ones output. pod will include any blockette where the effective time crosses the request time window in the order in which such blockettes are encountered in the blockette file. Any end=NULL blockette which starts before the request window is also included. Blockettes 053-058, 060 and 061 share the acceptance of the preceding 052 blockette. Any other blockette without an effective time is always accepted (eg, abbreviation definition blockettes). See Appendix A for example blockettes.
Environmental Variables
HEADER_PATH the path name of the directory which contains the header information
DATA_PATH a list of directories separated by ":" that contain data files
CREATOR a string which supplies the organization field in blockette10 for SEED version 2.2 or greater
SEED_VERSION version number i.e. 2.0 or 2.1 or 2.2
SEEDTOLERANCE precision pod uses when computing continuity of data. Default is 20% of sample interval, otherwise what is entered (in .0001 of a second)
SEEDOUTPUTNODATA when set to anything will cause pod to output a volume with no data records, i.e. a Dataless SEED volume
EXAMPLE USAGE
Let's say, in your pod working directory, you have a directory called data_files which holds directories of waveforms. You also have a holding file called h.req, a header directory with the H.A and directories with station/channel response information. See the Header file directories section for appropriate directory structure.
In the data_files directory we have directories of waveforms for ANMO, PFO, BAR, CCM and COL. If we run pod from the working directory we would set the environment variables to look like this:
setenv DATA_PATH data_files/ANMO:data_files/PFO:data_files/BAR:data_files/CCM:data_files/COL
The HEADER_PATH would simply be set to:
setenv HEADER_PATH HAR000 (using HAR000 as an example directory name)
Then run pod:
pod seed.example h.req 4096 32768 10,100 10,100
If you have many waveform files you could run out of environment space, as you are having to enter the directory name data_files for each file. As an alternative, which is how the DMC uses pod, run pod from the data_files directory itself:
cd data_files
setenv DATA_PATH ANMO:PFO:BAR:CCM:COL:....
setenv HEADER_PATH ../HAR000
Then to run pod enter:
pod seed.example ../h.req 4096 32768 10,100 10,100
In both examples SEED_VERSION must be set.
PROGRAM FLOW
The following psuedocode is intended to give the reader a generalized view of how the program flows. The program is generally well documented and the average programmer should be able to search out any specific questions he/she may have.
begin
 read command line;
 read environment variables;
 initialize data structures;
 while (request lines available) begin
 if (start of new volume) begin
 output old volume ( ) begin
 make headers ( ) begin
 make volume header;
 make abbreviation headers;
 make station/channel headers;
 make channel response headers;
 make time span headers;
 end;
 output headers;
 output time span headers;
 output data records;
 end;
 initialize volume data structure
 end;
 find requested data;
 if (start of new time span)
 end;
end;
SOURCE CODE ORGANIZATION
When you untar the pod tarfile you will get the source code organized in several directories.
Include Contains all the include files
Main Containsthe main program and some function files that are closely associated with the main processing loop
Scan_phase Contains functions used during the program phase where the data records are scanned to determine the count of data records. These counts are used to determine the time span indices
Header_phase Contains functions that build the SEED volume header records
Output_phase Contains functions that output the previously built SEED records to the SEED volume file
Utilities Contains general purpose utility functions
APPENDIX A: EXAMPLE HEADER DIRECTORY
Example Header Directory
pod version 3.0 and greater
HAR000:
 H.A
 AFI.II
 CTAO.II
 LEM.II
 NWAO.II
 SNZO.II
 TAU.II
HAR000/AFI.II:
 B050
 B051
 LHE
 LHN
 LHZ
HAR000/AFI.II/LHE:
 B052
HAR000/AFI.II/LHN:
 B052
HAR000/AFI.II/LHZ:
 B052
HAR000/CTAO.II:
 B050
 B051
 LHE
 LHN
 LHZ
HAR000/CTAO.II/LHE:
 B052
HAR000/CTAO/LHN:
 B052
HAR000/CTAO/LHZ:
 B052
HAR000/LEM.II:
 B050
 B051
 LHE
 LHN
 LHZ
HAR000/LEM.II/LHE:
 B052
HAR000/LEM.II/LHN:
 B052
HAR000/LEM.II/LHZ:
 B052
 B059
HAR000/NWAO.II:
 B050
 B051
 LHE
 LHN
 LHZ
HAR000/NWAO.II/LHE:
 B052
HAR000/NWAO.II/LHN:
 B052
HAR000/NWAO.II/LHZ:
 B052
HAR000/SNZO.II:
 B050
 B051
 LHE
 LHN
 LHZ
HAR000/SNZO.II/LHE:
 B052
HAR000/SNZO.II/LHN:
 B052
HAR000/SNZO.II/LHZ:
 B052
HAR000/TAU.II:
 B050
 B051
 LHE
 LHN
 LHZ
HAR000/TAU.II/LHE:
 B052
HAR000/TAU.II/LHE:
 B052
HAR000/TAU.II/LHN:
 B052
HAR000/TAU.II/LHZ:
 B052
Example Blockettes
Following are some example blockettes. Each blockette is one line that is terminated with a newline character. The various blockettes are images of the ASCII volume control header blockette as defined in the SEED Reference Manual.
H.A
0300232Steim Integer Compression Format~000105006F1 P4 W4 D0-31 C2 R1 P8 W4 D0-31 C2~P0
 W4 N15 S2,0,1~T0 X N0 W4 D0-31 C2~T1 N0 W1 D0-7 C2 N1 W1 D0-7 C2 N2 W1 D0-7 C2 N3 W1
 D0-7 C2~T2 N0 W2 D0-15 C2 N1 W2 D0-15 C2~T3 N0 W4 D0-31 C2~
0300232Steim Integer Compression Format~000205006F1 P4 W4 D0-31 C2 R1 P8 W4 D0-31 C2~P0
 W4 N15 S2,0,1~T0 X N0 W4 D0-31 C2~T1 N0 W1 D0-7 C2 N1 W1 D0-7 C2 N2 W1 D0-7 C2 N3 W1
 D0-7 C2~T2 N0 W2 D0-15 C2 N1 W2 D0-15 C2~T3 N0 W4 D0-13 C2~
0300232Steim Integer Compression Format~000305006F1 P4 W4 D0-31 C2 R1 P8 W4 D0-31 C2~P0
 W4 N15 S2,0,1~T0 X N0 W4 D0-31 C2~T1 N0 W1 D0-7 C2 N1 W1 D0-7 C2 N2 W1 D


often colourful or evocative. Alternatively, blank cards, if you prefer that route, are cheap.
Here are some ideas for card-based player handouts:
 - The Black Deck
 Check out this cool tip from Jon Thompson
 - Equipment
 Equipment is served well by the card format. Give each piece of equipment a seperate card. As PCs travel, explore, or visit, have them put the equipment they're carrying into decks for fast reference and refereeing.
 For mounts and vehicles, players can clip together the cards of equipment stored on those to create distinct piles - one per mount/vehicle. Same goes with backpacks, portable holes and bags of holding, hirelings, and other containers and carriers.
 You can also note special properties or rules on equipment cards to speed up gameplay. For example, you could make a backpack card that you always keep on top of the stack of cards of the equipment it's holding.
 The backpack card lists carrying capacity along with rules for how long it takes to fish something out of the backpack during combat. You might also note the weight of each item on its equipment card in the lower right corner to make calculating current backpack weight fast - just add up the numbers in the right corners of the cards in the backpack stack.
 Players can note ammunition supplies and usage on equipment cards too. For the CCGs we play at work, we use a lot of glass beads to represent mana, wounds, points, and other constantly changing pools or totals. You can do the same for equipment for quantities or ammunition.
 For example, if a PC has 5 thunderstones, grab five beads and put them on his thunderstone card rather than making the player erase or update notes. As each stone is used, remove a bead. When the last bead is used, the player hands you back the card until more stones are found or purchased.
 - Treasure
 Treasure cards add a lot of fun and excitement to gameplay. For each treasure item, craft a card and hand it out as the item is found. You can make notes on cards about the treasure item, add a picture, pass the card in secret to players, note rules, and so on.
 In addition, you can rule that ownership of the card indicates ownership of the item to reduce arguments about who's got what at any given time.
 Check out this interesting product, GameMastery Item Packs, from Paizo.
 The art and blank back sides make these a cool and useful option for handing out treasure.
 As with ammunition, magic treasure with doses, charges, slots, and other accounting requirements make cards an excellent tracking solution.
 - Money
 Transform money from a boring accounting task to something more interesting with card-based money. Card money has pros and cons you should consider before implementing in your games:
 - You need enough pieces of money to represent the money in the game. That's why cards are a great solution - they're cheap and customisable. You can have a stack of cards ready, with denominations written on them.
 For example, what would you do if the PCs found 553 copper pieces? The general solution is to craft different denominations of money. Rather than handing out 553 cards of gold, you'd hand out 5 x 100, 1 x 50, 3 x 1.
 Other formats are possible, such as beads, poker chips, and counters, but with cards you can write denominations on them rather than forcing folks to remember red chips are 50, blue are 5, etc.
 - Game world currency. If you do use a denomination system, does it match your game world currency? If not, there's a small break in immersion. Not a big deal, but something to note. For example, if there's no 100 gold unit of currency in the world, but players have 100 gold card denominations, then what the players have doesn't exactly match what their PCs have (your players might also notice the cards aren't made of real gold too :).
 - You need a banker. Currently, players are pencilling in their updated wealth totals, leaving GMs free to do other things. If you move to a card currency system, someone needs to sort, hand out, and take in money during transactions. You can make a player a banker to save you time, but just be aware the banker function is required - unless you let your players make their own change and transactions.
 - Card money is fun. With a stack of money, everyone is clear on their funds. Card money can be stacked in with equipment and container cards, if you use such a system, so that everyone knows where their money is. The location of party wealth (and encumbrance) is also clear.
 Some card money resource ideas: If you don't want to design your own money, here's a commercial product, Fantasy Money by E.N. Publishing.
 Monopoly money is cheap to purchase, if you don't mind the designs.
 Tickets are cheap (i.e. tickets on rolls you buy for admission, raffles, etc.) and come in different colours.
 Settlers of Catan cards are fun too. For example:
 - brick = cps
 - wheat = gps
 - ore = sps or pps
 - Clues If your game includes written or visual clues, cards are a great solution. Format writing and art to your desire on your computer and print, or draw and write clues out manually. Use colour, if possible, to create evocative handouts
 Clue cards can be passed around, stored, and referenced at will by players. Also, players often miss noticing clues dropped by GMs. If you hand them a clue on a card, however, they'll take notice, keeping your plot and plans intact - for the moment, at least. :)
 Some clue ideas:
 - Poem fragments. A poem that provides the key or solution to a puzzle can be chopped up and found in pieces (cards) as the PCs explore.
 - Map fragments. Put pieces of maps on cards. Let the players puzzle over how the map fits together.
 - Picture puzzles. Design your own, or do a Google search for "picture puzzles".
 - Letters and notes written by NPCs.
 - Treasure piles
 Check out this cool tip from RatPunk at the ENWorld forums:
 "Whenever the party kills a bad guy, I throw an envelope on the table that contains index cards for all of his equipment. Whoever grabs the envelope is searching the body."
 RatPunk goes on to explain the rest of his card treasure system:
 "Initially, the cards just say the name of the item (i.e. longsword) and its weight on the top line. If it's masterwork or has a special description (i.e. large red ruby on the handle), that is written in the body of the index card. On the lower right corner, I make a notation of where the item was found (i.e. WC:7 = Room 7 of the Whispering Cairn). This allows me to look it up quickly when they sell it or get it identified. Once they get the item identified (if it's magic), they give the card back to me and I write what it is on the card. It's up to them to add any relevant stats."
 This works out really well for one shot items like potions and scrolls, since once they use it they just give me the card and I throw it in the pile to be recycled. Plus, the party rogue loves it because he can pocket stuff without anyone else knowing what it was. All in all it's been a big hit with the group." En World Forum: Homemade item cards?: RatPunk
 - Clip art
 el-remmen at ENWorld had this good tip about crafting item cards:
 "I use Google Image Search and other clip art to find what I need and use MS Publisher to create the template - but I am sure it can just be as easily made in Word." En World Forum: Homemade item cards?: el-remmen
 - Ammunition
 Consider putting ammunition on seperate cards. When the players find or buy more ammo, hand out more cards. For example, if a PC has 20 crossbow bolts or hand grenades, deal out 20 cards from the ammo deck. As each piece of ammunition is consumed, players hand back the card.
 This allows you to integrate special ammunition easily too. Each piece of magic or exceptional ammunition goes on its own card.
 This system lets PCs divide ammo up easily, especially if they are passing it around during combat.
 - Super pocket points
 My group uses pocket points (PPs), encouraged by player Dave who uses them in his own games, and based on this tip: Roleplaying Tips, Issue #93: "Player's Pocket" EXP Awards
 You could enhance this system with card-based super PPs. In my campaign, we use poker chips as PPs, but you could use cards instead. On some or all of the cards you could add special text that generates special results.
 For example, "Give this card to a player whose character acts bravely. This card is worth +2 when used."
Return to Contents
3. Reference
Cards are excellent reference tools. You can hold them easily in your hand, store them in boxes, sort them, and create your own card references in a short time.
A good approach is to determine what card references you could create that would benefit your group's gameplay most: speed, accuracy, knowledge, accounting.
For example, if combats are slow, craft some combat reference cards. If


text:
September 7, 2010
St. Paul, Minn. (September 7, 2010)—The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is pleased to announce its new Council members for 2010–2011. The new officers began their terms at the conclusion of the 2010 Annual Meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina, August 7–11, 2010.
John L. Sherwood, professor and head of the Department of Plant Pathology in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences at the University of Georgia, has been named president for the 2010–2011 term. Sherwood, whose research has focused on the detection of plant viruses, the etiology of virus diseases, and the relationship of plant viruses with their insect vectors, has been a member of APS since 1977.
As a member, Sherwood has been a strong advocate for the society and its members in the public policy arena. Now, as president, Sherwood's goal is to continue to keep policy makers informed on the importance of plant pathology in meeting society's need for healthy plants and plant products.
"I appreciate the opportunity to serve as APS president during this time of unprecedented change in national programs that support research, teaching, and extension related to plant health," commented Sherwood.
"APS is considered a leader in advocacy for plant health issues, and I plan to identify and pursue opportunities where we can be effective in moving an agenda forward that will serve our profession and our members' needs."
Sherwood also noted that APS is working with many other scientific societies and industries to deliver an effective message for support of educational initiatives.
"The enthusiasm of APS members for what they do through scientific inquiry and effective outreach in providing solutions to plant diseases and plant health problems is almost boundless, and APS will continue to be the organization that harnesses this passion for the benefit of members and society," said Sherwood.
Sherwood succeeded Barbara J. Christ, Penn State University, who now serves as immediate past president. Other 2010–2011 APS Council members include Carol A. Ishimaru, University of Minnesota, president-elect; Michael J. Boehm, Ohio State University, vice president; Danise T. Beadle, Bayer CropScience, internal communications officer; Randall C. Rowe, Ohio State University, treasurer; Carolee T. Bull, USDA-ARS, senior councilor-at-large; Anne E. Dorrance, The Ohio State University, intermediate councilor-at-large; Walter F. Mahaffee, USDA-ARS, junior councilor-at-large; Anthony P. Keinath, Clemson University, publications councilor; and David G. Schmale, VPI SU, divisional councilor.
A listing of the 2010-2011 APS Council can be found at _URL_
Information on the society's recent annual meeting can be found online at _URL_
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is a non-profit, professional scientific organization. The research of the organization's more than 5,000 worldwide members advances the understanding of the science of plant pathology and its application to plant health.
Get ALL the Latest Updates for ICPP2018: PLANT HEALTH IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY. Follow APS!

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Rain Garden Cost Share
The purpose of the City of Owatonna Rain Garden Cost Share Program (RGCS) is to promote, facilitate, and increase the number of residential rain gardens in Owatonna by awarding cost share grants for a limited number of residential rain gardens. These rain gardens will be used as educational resources to further promote ways to improve water quality and reduce the risk of localized flooding. Modeled after cost share programs in Rochester and Dakota County, the RGCS program will provide cost share grants of 50% up to $500 to residents who meet eligibility requirements.
View more Rain Garden Design Information.
Homeowners will request a site visit from the Water Quality Specialist.
If all standards are met, homeowner will submit a rain garden budget and design for review.
Application will be reviewed and graded on the criteria included in the documents.
- Application Form (PDF)
- Rain Garden Cost Share Brochure (PDF)
- Rain Garden Design Guidelines (PDF)
- Rain Garden Design Package (PDF)
Properly designed, constructed, and maintained rain gardens have many benefits. They capture rainwater runoff from lawns, roofs, and driveways. Keeping rainwater close to where it falls helps improve and protect the quality of lakes, rivers, and groundwater and reduces the load on the storm sewer system. Rain gardens provide many additional benefits such as adding beauty and value to each home and providing wildlife habitat to attract beneficial birds, butterflies, and dragonflies.
The City of Owatonna will:
- Assist in project guidance of rain garden installation
- Conduct a preliminary site visit to evaluate the feasibility of a rain garden
- Provide cost share reimbursement of 50% up to $500 for approved projects
- Provide landscape design and technical assistance throughout the process
Cost Recipients Agreement
Cost share recipients agree to:
- Allow City staff to take photos and information gained from project for future public education opportunities
- Authorize access by City staff to inspect the project, construction activities, and post-construction conditions
- Maintain the rain garden, ensuring it is functioning as designed
Eligibility & Criteria
The following criteria are minimum eligibility standards and must be met for the applicant to be considered:
- The budget and rain garden plan are reasonable and the rain garden will be installed the growing season immediately following the award notice
- The homeowner enters into an Agreement with the City to maintain the project, ensuring it is functioning as designed
- The rain garden is not required as a condition of development or to satisfy other regulatory requirements;
- The rain garden is proposed on a residential parcel owned by an Owatonna citizen and located within Owatonna City Limits
- The rain garden will be used as a demonstration and education site and will be easily accessible for viewing by the public
- The rain garden will quantifiably reduce storm water runoff, thereby improving water quality
After all program requirements have been met and approved, including a site visit to verify project completion and success, a request for reimbursement may be made. The reimbursement request must include receipts for materials and services purchased. All reimbursement requests for projects completed within a fiscal year must be submitted by December 31st of that year.
The RGCS will increase awareness of stormwater issues and solutions in Owatonna while also providing quantifiable stormwater pollution reductions that Owatonna can use towards future TMDL restrictions. This program will help satisfy Owatonna's MS4 Minimum Control Measures:
- Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping
- Public Education and Outreach
- Public Participation and Involvement


text:
Apache Solr, an open-source search platform developed by the Apache Software Foundation, has recently been identified as having a vulnerability, known as CVE-2023-50298. This vulnerability, categorized as CWE-200, exposes sensitive information to unauthorized actors. The Apache Solr software, which is widely used for indexing and searching data, allows for powerful and efficient searching capabilities across various types of content.
However, the discovery of CVE-2023-50298 has raised concerns regarding the security of Apache Solr installations. This vulnerability enables an unauthorized actor to gain access to sensitive information that is stored within the Solr index. This information could potentially include personal data, financial records, or any other type of confidential information that has been indexed by the Solr platform.
The exposure of sensitive information to unauthorized actors can have severe consequences for individuals, organizations, and even governments. It can lead to identity theft, financial fraud, or the compromise of sensitive business data. Therefore, it is crucial for Apache Solr users to take immediate action to address this vulnerability and ensure the security of their data.
The Apache Software Foundation has acknowledged the existence of CVE-2023-50298 and has released a security advisory outlining the steps to mitigate the risk. Users are advised to upgrade their Apache Solr installations to the latest version that includes the necessary security patches. Additionally, it is recommended to review and adjust the access controls and permissions to restrict unauthorized access to the Solr index.
Furthermore, organizations should consider implementing additional security measures to prevent future vulnerabilities and protect their sensitive information. This may include regular security audits, penetration testing, and the implementation of intrusion detection systems. By taking proactive steps to enhance the security of their Apache Solr installations, organizations can minimize the risk of exposing sensitive information to unauthorized actors.
In conclusion, the discovery of CVE-2023-50298 in Apache Solr highlights the importance of maintaining robust security measures to protect sensitive information. By staying informed about the latest vulnerabilities and promptly implementing security patches, Apache Solr users can safeguard their data and mitigate the risks associated with unauthorized access. The Apache Software Foundation's ongoing commitment to addressing security vulnerabilities ensures that users can continue to benefit from the powerful search capabilities of Apache Solr while maintaining the highest level of data security.
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text:
South Korea's government is betting big on blockchain.
The Ministry of Science and ICT announced Thursday that it will spend KRW 113.3 billion (about USD 101.4 million) over the next five years to secure nine key technologies in four strategic sectors with the ultimate goal of developing "blockchain technology for the data economy."
The ministry plans to spend KRW 20.3 billion (almost USD 18.2 million) of that in 2021. Here's a breakdown of how they're spreading their money around.
The four strategic sectors are:
- Completely decentralized, high-performance consensus technology
- Smart contract security technology
- Blockchain technology for processing personal information and managing identity
- Blockchain data management technology for guaranteeing data sovereignty
And the technologies to be developed are, per sector:
Completely decentralized, high-performance consensus technology
– A decentralized consensus system for large-scale node networks
– Guaranteeing efficient transaction finality at the block level in large-scale networks
– Guaranteeing high-performance, large-scale transaction scalability
– Developing P2P network protocols for blockchain
Smart contract security technology
– Preventing errors and weaknesses in smart contracts through secure coding and making them safer for ordinary people to use
Blockchain technology for processing personal information and managing identity
– User ID authentication and management technology for using self-sovereign IDs
– Blockchain data encryption-based privacy protection
Blockchain data management technology for guaranteeing data sovereignty
– Technology for increasing the amount of data that can be processed through large-scale node management and distributed storage
– High-speed analysis of large-scale data in distributed storage
Nine consortiums and 53 institutions have been selected to develop the technologies. According to the ministry, industrial entities will participate with all nine of the consortiums. So the government hopes the new technologies will be put to actual industrial use, boosting the country's technical competitiveness.
Indeed, the ministry said it won't skimp on support to improve the competitiveness of South Korea's blockchain technology.


Understanding What the Customer Wants
Contact Us or call _PHONE_
Understanding What the Customer Wants
Understanding What the Customer Wants
Often what a customer says and what the customer really means are two different things. The same thing happens when we are talking about customer wants. It is important to listen carefully to customers to understand how their wants and needs relate to the products and services you have to offer.
For example, when you go to the cell phone store to purchase a new phone, the salesperson could:
 1. Assume you want a new smart phone with all the features available.
 2. Ask you what you would like to do with your phone so he or she can help you decide on the right one for you.
If that salesperson is practicing good customer service skills, he or she not only will ask, but will also listen to your response and show you phones that will meet your needs.
Some questions to ask yourself when trying to determine what a customer wants include:
 1. What are a minimum of three things the customer has stated he or she needs? One of these things should not be price requirements. Some examples of needs might be convenience, ease of use, portability, timeliness, perishability, or attractiveness.
 2. What was said to convince you of these needs? Listen to the customer; don't just recite the benefits of your product or service. Knowing the attributes of the product or service is not enough; you also need to know how the needs of the customer relate to the product or service.
 3. When closing the sale or deal, how did the customer respond? In closing a sale or deal, it is always a good idea to ask if there is anything more you can do for your customer. Listen to the response; you may discover that the customer has another need that you can accommodate.


Head Trader
Head Trader,
Head Trader:
 - A leader is the manager of a commercial company who is responsible for the company's position, risk, and ultimately profit. In registered investment firms, the senior manager oversees all dealers and other employees in his area of responsibility and can work on his own. In particular, senior managers are responsible for ensuring that all employees are part of the business transaction (ie, not just for vendors). A leader can also be called a company leader.
 - The lead manager can report to the investment director or portfolio manager and can play a key role in processing and processing business individual applications.
 - In terms of market and architectural / business environment, a leader must be one of the most capable people in a company.
Literal Meanings of Head Trader
Meanings of Head:
 1. The upper part of the human body, or the anterior or upper part of the animal body, is usually separated from the rest of the body by the neck and includes the brain, mouth, and sensory organs.
 2. Anything that looks like a head, in shape or in relation to the whole.
 3. Front, front or top or the end of something.
 4. Someone responsible for someone, director or leader.
 5. The person who is seen as a digital entity.
 6. A component of an audio, video, or information system that transmits information from an electrical signal to a recording medium or vice versa.
 7. Water bodies are maintained at a certain height to provide adequate pressure.
 8. Toilet or bathroom in a vase or vase.
 9. The word that governs all the other words in the sentence used has the same grammatical function as the whole sentence.
 10. Reservoirs of shallow rocks formed by repeated freezing and melting on the edges of the ice sheet, then move downwards.
 11. CEO.
 12. Stay in the first position.
Sentences of Head
 1. Head of the Dutch Catholic Church
 2. They pay fifty dollars a head
 3. This thin data storage device has recording discs and recording heads on either side of the disc.
 4. The depth of water in the well is 8 meters
 5. Clear head
 6. In many grammatical theories, the title of a sentence is defined as a component that defines the syntax category of the sentence.
 7. Large-scale climate change or changes in terrestrial tectonics bring about changes in the accumulation and retention of upper spectators (fan heads) relative to key players.
 8. Hotel manager
 9. The Palm Sunday procession is led by Crusaders
Synonyms of Head
skull, cranium, crown, front, beginning, start, fore, forefront, top, leading position, foremost position, leader, chief, boss, controller, master, supervisor, governor, superintendent, foreman, forewoman, headman, lavatory, bathroom, facilities, urinal, privy, latrine, outhouse, principal
Meanings of Trader:
 1. A person who buys and sells property, currency or shares.
Sentences of Trader
 1. Dishonest traders selling fireworks to children are in danger of deteriorating.
Synonyms of Trader
dealer, merchant, buyer, seller, salesman, saleswoman, buyer and seller, marketeer, merchandiser, broker, agent


text:
The legend says that the healing water was found by the castle's hunters. When they were hunting in the districts of Košnica and Dobrina, one of them felt sick and he was dragged along the snow towards the road to Dobrina, from where he would be taken by horses to Žusemje Castle. Amongst a large area of snow, they saw a patch of land and water which was not frozen. The sick person was given that water to drink and soon he got well.
Many other stories about the miraculous healing of people who drank that water originated later. After those legends, which represent the oldest data on the healing powers of the water in Dobrina, the name DOBRINA CASTLE SPRING originated.
The settlement of Dobrina is an excellent starting point for a walk to nearby Žusem located on the 669 m high rise where two churches stand, the first one is the Parish Church of St. Valentine, however, the second one is the 700 year old established Church of St. Jacob, which has valuable preserved frescoes from the 15th and 16th century and chandeliers made of local glass. In the nearby small village of Tinje, the archaeological finds Tinje and the remains of the sunken Žamerk Castle are located. Here, objects from the late Antique and Early Slavic period were found. In Javoršica the partisan hospital is still preserved. You can get additional information at Društvo Izviri (Springs Association).
Društvo Izviri Dobrina
Loka pri Žusmu
Tel. : ++386 3 579 71 03
guided tourindividualFree of charge
Administrator : Razvojna agencija Kozjansko - TIC Šentjur | ++386 3 749 25 23 |
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Local information ŠENTJUR


text:
Abstract Routing Models and Abstractions in the Context of Vehicle Routing / 2639
René Schönfelder, Martin Leucker
The functional and the algebraic routing problem are generalizations of the shortest path problem. This paper shows that both problems are equivalent with respect to the concept of profile searches known from time-dependent routing. Because of this, it is possible to apply various shortest path algorithms to these routing problems. This is demonstrated using contraction hierarchies as an example. Furthermore, we show how to use Cousots' concept of abstract interpretation on these routing problems generalizing the idea of routing approximations, which can be used to find approximative solutions and even to improve the performance of exact queries. The focus of this paper lies on vehicle routing while both the functional and algebraic routing models were introduced in the context of internet routing. Due to our formal combination of both fields, new algorithms abound for various specialized vehicle routing problems. We consider two major examples, namely the time-dependent routing problem for public transportation and the energy-efficient routing problem for electric vehicles.


text: OBJECTIVE: A subset of drivers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may be at significant risk of hypoglycemia-related driving collisions and moving vehicle violations due to acute and chronic neurocognitive impairment. The present study compared drivers with T1DM with and without a recent history of multiple driving mishaps on a neurocognitive battery during euglycemia, progressive mild hypoglycemia, and recovery from hypoglycemia, to determine whether neurocognitive measures differentiate the two risk groups. We hypothesized that drivers with a history of multiple recent hypoglycemia-related driving mishaps would demonstrate greater psychomotor slowing, both during hypoglycemia and euglycemia. STUDY DESIGN: Partcipants were 42 adults with T1DM and were assigned to one of two groups: those reporting no driving mishaps in the last year (-History) and those reporting two or more (+History).Neurocognitive testing was conducted before and repeated during a hyper-insulinemic clamping procedure. RESULTS: Not surprisingly, all drivers demonstrated a decrease in functioning across all neurocognitive tasks during hypoglycemia. However, in contrast to the common belief that neurocognitive functions return slowly and gradually following hypoglycemia, baseline neurocognitive functioning immediately recovered upon return of BG to euglycemia for all subjects. Between-group analyses revealed that subjects with a recent history of driving mishaps consistently demonstrated poorer performance on tasks measuring working memory. CONCLUSION: Working memory is a potential neurocognitive indicator that may help differentiate adults with T1DM with and without a history of driving mishaps, predict future risk for driving mishaps, and provide targeted intervention programs to address this critical public health issue.


text:
Summary of Most Relevant Topic Papers
Our resarch on artificial intelligence divides into modeling deep learning and applying artificial intelligence to different application domains. We developed
- MontiAnna, a family of domain specific languages for describing the architectures of neural networks, their training, and their training data.
- different variants of semantic differencing operators that can be used for non-trivial model evolution analyses that focus on detecting the semantic differences between model versions.
- MontiBelle, which uses Isabelle and its logic-based intelligence to support semi-automated formal verification of software architectures.
- a methodology to automatically test system requirements in automotive software engineering via test case generation.
- frameworks exploiting machine learning to analyse the data generated, e.g., by modern buildings and cards in operation and production systems.
MontiAnna - A Modeling Framework for Deep Learning
Deep learning is gaining a more and more important role in today's software systems. Developing such systems requires appropriate methodologies and tools taking learning into account at all stages of a development process and at runtime. At our chair we have developed MontiAnna, a family of domain specific languages for the consice description of the architecture of (1) a neural network, (2) its training, and (3) the training data [KNP+19]. What's more, using MontiCore language composition we have developed a technique to integrate neural networks into larger software architectures [KRRW17] as standardized machine learning components [KPRS19]. This enables the compiler to support the systems engineer by automating the lifecycle of such components. Thereby, we support multiple learning approaches such as supervised learning, reinforcement learning, generative adversarial networks, etc. The core structure of MontiAnna is shown in the following figure:
To facilitate the analysis and enable MLOps (short for "DevOps based on Machine Learning") in an agile development of machine learning-based systems we derived a software 2.0 artifact model and use it as a basis for a modular build system, distinguishing between different kinds of artifacts such as training/test data, software model, machine learning model, trained machine learning model, etc. [AKK+21].
The semantic difference between two models m and m' is the set of elements in the semantics of the model m that are not elements in the semantics of the model m'. Each element in a semantic difference is called a diff witness. Diff witnesses can be presented to developers. The developers can review the diff witnesses to increase their understandings of the semantic differences between the models. A semantic differencing operator is an automatic procedure for computing diff witnesses for two given models. As the semantics of models is usually an infinite set, detecting whether the semantic difference is empty and effectively computing a diff witnesses are no trivial tasks.
- [MRR11d] describes a semantic differencing operator for activity diagrams.
- [MRR11b] presents a semantic differencing operator for class diagrams.
- [DKMR19] describes a semantic differencing operator for feature diagrams.
- [DEKR19] discusses a semantic differencing operator for statecharts.
- [BKRW17] and [BKRW19] present semantic differencing operators for automaton variants describing the behavior of interactive systems.
- [MRR11g] describes a method for summarizing semantic model differences to condensate and increase the amount of information provided by semantic differencing operators.
We further developed a modeling language-independent method for determining syntactic changes that are responsible for the existence of semantic differences in [KR18a]. The method relies on a search in a tree where the nodes of the tree represent possible changes to models. As an example for semantic differencing, the given class diagram depicts the two class diagrams cd1 and cd2 and the object structures os1 and os2. The object structure os1 is an element of the semantics of cd2 and no element of the semantics of cd1. It is thus a diff witness in the semantic difference from cd2 to cd1. Similarly, the object structure os2 is a diff witness in the semantic difference from cd1 to cd2.
We apply logic, knowledge representation and intelligent reasoning to software engineering to perform correctness proofs, execute symbolic tests or find counterexamples. The theorem prover Isabelle is a mature and fundamental tool, which allows representing knowledge as a collection of definitions and theorems and reason about systems. To increase the usability we provide a high-level API encapsulating the low-level logic engine as well as a domain-specific modeling language as front end coupled with an Isabelle code generator.
These and the rapid increase of computation capabilities suggest that a prominent application for reducing certification costs of critical systems such as intelligent flight control systems or assistance systems for air or road traffic management is not far in the future [KMP+21] [KRRS19] [HRR12]. For this purpose we have realized the Focus theory, a detailed and well defined theory on distributed interacting connector and component systems, in Isabelle [BKR+20].
The following figure overviews the most important constituents of the verification framework.
Test Case Generation
Efficient testing is essential to engineer reliable automotive software. However, deriving test cases from ambiguous textual requirements is often a costly and error-prone endeavor. Model-based software engineering uses models as the primary artifacts during the engineering process. Therefore, requirements are captured by structured, comprehensible, formal models. This enables early consistency checking and verification as well as model-based testing. Crucial for the latter is automated test case derivation. For automotive software engineering, [EJK+19], [DGH+19], [DGH+18], [KMS+18] describe a methodology to test system requirements automatically. Our method is realized for a variant of SysML activity diagrams and state charts. The modeling languages are tailored towards testing automotive software and automatic test case derivation and applying a model transformation to automatically derive executable test cases.
Customer requirements in combination with customer requirement models are the input for the specification of the functional behavior of the system under development. The output of specifying the functional behavior are activity diagrams and state charts. These diagrams contain additional trace links to functional requirements. Our test case generator uses the diagrams as well as the linked functional requirements during the process of test case creation to generate test sets for each functionality modeled by the diagrams. During the generation process traceability between test cases and functional requirements is ensured. Next, these test sets are the input to verify the system under development using a suitable test environment.
Building, Car, and Production System Analysis using Machine Learning
Nowadays modern systems generate a massive amount of observable data. This data can be used to optimize the operation efficiency and prevent unneeded CO2 emission or reduce costs. [FLP+11], [GLPR15]. E.g. a building's ventilation system consists of multiple sensors and actors measuring observable data over time (time series data). Each operation mode of a ventilation system can be clearly assigned to a combination of specific sensor and actor behavior within a system [KLPR12]. This creates a structural and behavioural system theoretical view on buildings as cyber-physical systems (digital twin) [RW18] [BDH+20].
The digital modeling of buildings and their facilities as well as the availability of sensor and actor data enables the implementation of Big Data analyses. For instance, machine and deep learning approaches are used to automate anomaly detection. Furthermore, machine learning can be applied on sensor data to automatically detect different system operation modes. Based on this, classification models can be utilised to autonomously detect fault situations. The application of neural networks also allows to classify unknown sensor and actor information (e.g. type of sensor/actor). The following figure illustrates these circumstances.
- MontiAnna is a model-driven framework for the design and training of deep neural networks.
- Semantic differencing is a non-trivial task that facilitates developers in understanding the semantic differences between two model versions.
- If knowledge is represented by logic, theorem proving is reasoning, and the use of an underlying compositional verification methodology can be leveraged to reduce certification costs.
- Automated test case generation for SysML activity diagrams and statecharts facilitates the essential element of testing when engineering reliable automotive software.
- A good building analysis is a prerequisite for every optimization. Machine learning supports the analysis with various methods.
Selected Topic-Specific Publications
[AKK+21]In: Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Generative Programming: Concepts and Experiences (GPCE 21), E. Tilevich, C. De Roover (Eds.), pp. 55-68, ACM SIGPLAN, Oct. 2021.
[BDH+20]In: International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE'20), S. Dustdar, E. Yu, C. Salinesi, D. Rieu, V. Pant (Eds.), Volume 12127, pp. 85-100, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer International Publishing, Jun. 2020.
[BKR+20]Aachener Informatik Berichte, Software Engineering, Band 45, Shaker Verlag, Mar. 2020.
[BKRW17]In: International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA'17), pp. 145-154, IEEE, Apr. 2017.
[BKRW19]Continuously Analyzing Finite, Message-Driven, Time-Synchronous Component & Connector Systems During Architecture Evolution.In: Journal of Systems and Software, P. Pelliccione, J. Bosch, M. Marija (Eds.), Volume 149, pp. 437-461, Elsevier, Mar. 2019.
[BR07]In: Informatik-Spektrum, Band 30(1), pp. 3-18, Springer Berlin, Feb. 2007.
[DEKR19]


text:
Estimating in situ phytoplankton growth rates with a Lagrangian sampling strategy
Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 5:495-509 (2007) | DOI: 10.4319/lom.2007.5.495
ABSTRACT: Quantification of biogeochemical rates is essential to the understanding of the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. However, this has proven to be difficult to achieve especially under conditions of high spatial and temporal hydrodynamic and biogeochemical variability. Here, a Lagrangian experimental design was employed to estimate biogeochemical rate coefficients in situ. A set of four drogues and a cross-transect sampling design was used to capture the patchy distribution of phytoplankton and nutrient species, and high transport and mixing rates. A mass balance approach was applied to a Lagrangian control volume moving with a drogue. This approach was used to separate internal biogeochemical changes from the physical changes due to advection, diffusion, and convergence/divergence fluxes. This experimental approach was applied to an oligotrophic coastal region. The phytoplankton growth rate, primary production, and carbon to chlorophyll ratio (C:Chla) obtained from the experiment agreed with the highest literature values for this study site. This supported the validity of this approach. The effect of scales of processes and patchiness is highlighted from this experiment. It is shown that the experimental design is subject to a relationship between size of the control volume, the time scale of internal processes, and sampling time.


Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional)
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Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional)
Emblem of the CACW
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Branch United States Army Air Forces
Republic of China Air Force
The Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional) was a joint United States Army Air Forces and a Republic of China Air Force organization. It was administratively assigned to Fourteenth Air Force in China during World War II.
The operational units of the Chinese-American Composite Wing CACW were jointly commanded by both American and Chinese air force officers, and the unit's aircraft were manned by American and Chinese pilots and air crewmen.
 - Initially formed on 31 July 1943 as the 1st Bomb Group (Provisional) and the 3rd Fighter Group (Provisional), Republic of China Air Force
 - Established as: Chinese American Composite Wing (Provisional), USAAF, and activated on 1 October 1943
Inactivated on 1 August 1945
Most CACW bases existed near the boundary of Japanese-Occupied China, and one "Valley Field" existed in an area within Japanese-held territory. Specific field locations include Hanchung, Ankang, Hsian, Laohokow, Enshih, Liangshan, Peishyi, Chihkiang, Hengyang, Kweilin, Liuchow, Chanyi, Suichwan, and Lingling
Operations history[edit]
Aircraft assigned to the CACW included late-model P-40 Warhawks (with the Nationalist Chinese Air Force 12-pointed star national insignia, rudder markings and squadron/aircraft numbering) and B-25 "Mitchell" medium bombers. The Mitchells included the standard B-25D, the B-25H (equipped with a 75-millimeter cannon in the nose), and the B-25J. Like the CACW's fighters, most B-25's bore the Nationalist Chinese star insignia on the wings and fuselage. In late 1944, USAAF-marked P-51 Mustangs began to be assigned to CACW pilots – first, P-51B and C models, then, in early 1945, "D" and "K" model (sharing many of the external characteristics of the "D" model aircraft including the bubble canopy) reduced-weight versions. All U.S. pilots assigned to the CACW were listed as rated pilots in Chinese Air Force, and were authorized to wearing both nations' pilot's wings.
During its year and a half of operations, the Chinese and American airmen of the CACW could claim the destruction of 190 Japanese aircraft in air-to-air combat, and 301 more on the ground. The fighters and bombers of the CACW had destroyed at least 1500 Japanese vehicles and sunk several hundred thousand tons of Japanese merchant and naval shipping, in addition they had taken a heavy toll on Japanese ground troops, facilities, railroads and bridges. In that same time, they had lost 35 fighters and 8 bombers to enemy ground fire, and 20 fighters to Japanese aircraft. However, not a single CACW bomber had been lost to enemy fighters, a tribute to the abilities of the Wing's B-25 aircrews, and the quality of the escort protection provided by the Wing's fighter pilots.
The most successful fighter pilot of the CACW was Lt. Colonel William N. Reed, who had first fought in China as a member of the AVG. As a "Flying Tiger," Reed had destroyed 3 Japanese aircraft in aerial combat and 8 more on the ground. Then returning to China to command the CACW's 7th Fighter Squadron and eventually its 3d Fighter Group, he would destroy an additional 6 Japanese aircraft in aerial combat. According to the book "China Bombers" by Ken Daniels, Reed was killed while parachuting from a disabled P-40 on December 19, 1944.
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an extremely rare acquired disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographics, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of PNH patients in southern Taiwan. Data on PNH patients diagnosed over a 30-year period (1985–2015) were retrospectively collected from four tertiary medical centers in southern Taiwan. Blood samples were collected for hematologic panel testing and flow cytometry detection of PNH clones. Radiologic studies were performed to assess the frequency of complications. Twenty-four patients were enrolled in this study. The median duration of disease in the study participants was 10.8 years. The median granulocyte PNH clone size was 92.5% (range, 1.3%–99.8%), and the median lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was 2920.2 ± 1462.0 IU/L. The incidence of thromboembolism and impaired renal function was 16.7% and 29.2%, respectively. The primary treatment strategies included steroids (79.2%), androgens (42.0%), eculizumab (33.3%), immunosuppressants (16.7%), and anticoagulants (4.2%). In eight patients treated with eculizumab, there was a marked reduction in the LDH levels of 14.89-fold–1.63-fold that of the upper limit of normal; seven patients exhibited decreased transfusion requirements. Twenty-one patients were alive with regular follow-up at the time of publication. Our study demonstrates that PNH patients in southern Taiwan may exhibit different clinical characteristics and outcomes relative to patients in other countries. There was a trend toward a greater PNH granulocyte clone size, which may lead to more hemolysis. In our study, the percentage of patients with impaired renal function, but not the percentage of patients with thrombotic events, was higher than values reported worldwide and in the observational cross-sectional International PNH Registry. More large-scale studies with comprehensive data on the clinical response to different treatments are needed.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


text:
- May 07, 2018 -
Regarding liquid nitrogen, although more and more widely used, we ordinary people have begun to contact liquid nitrogen-related items. So can liquid nitrogen be in direct contact with food? Will no toxic substances be produced after contact with food?
In fact, the temperature of liquid nitrogen is about minus 80 degrees Celsius, and we generally use it to store human cell specimens, which can keep the cell activity and the RNA inside it from being degraded.
After exposure to air, it will quickly volatilize and biochemically form nitrogen into the air. Although direct contact with food does not produce toxic substances, it cannot be eaten anymore and is frozen.
The mystery of many foods is liquid nitrogen at -196°C. The frozen taste and coldness of the freezer are very different.
Liquid foods are generally used for more expensive foods, and dry ice is cheaper (lower cost, much less loss, but only -78.5 °C). The transportation industry uses dry ice for storage. Liquid nitrogen is liquid. Dry ice is solid. The seal will explode, causing great loss in the seal. If the western food shop and the expensive ice cream shop use dry ice for cooking, it would be too profitable.
In the case of liquid nitrogen, when the cells are thawed, the cell mechanism is directly ruptured due to the increase in the volume of water in the cells. It seems that this is really good for ice cream. It is said that the ice cream needs less bubbles inside, just like liquid nitrogen.
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Say â€œCheese!â€ Isovaleric Acid in Beer
From beersensoryscience.wordpress.com, writer not attributed. Posts as BeerSensor
Cracking cheese, Gromit!
Have you ever smelled cheese in your beer? How about dirty sweatsocks? Itâ€™s more common than you may think. If youâ€™re a homebrewer and you donâ€™t use your hop supply as fast as you should, or if you store them improperly, you may be familiar with this aroma. This is isovaleric acid, and itâ€™s a short-chain fatty acid commonly found in cheese, the valerian herb, foot odor, and sometimes beer. Now thatâ€™s an interesting selection of sources!
The commonly accepted threshold for isovaleric acid is about 1ppm, but like most other aromatic compounds, this can vary greatly depending on your genetics. This brief article gives some information about the genetic component of isovaleric acid receptors, exploring some of the sources of variability in how subjects perceive this compound. One of the more interesting things mentioned is that its detection threshold can apparently differ between individuals by up to 10,000 times. Personally, I think my nose has what I call an â€œacquired anosmiaâ€ to this compound. To be anosmic to a particular compound means you can not detect it at any concentration. While my case isnâ€™t that dramatic, I think my sensitivity has dropped due to being frequently exposed to the purified compound when I spike it into my samples (despite using a fume hood and taking protective measures, itâ€™s still possible to get it on you). If you get this stuff on your hands, youâ€™ll stink for the rest of the day, if not longer. For this reason, I often have a hard time being able to tell if my spiked samples are at an appropriate level for the panel. Many times, I have to trust my math more than my nose.
So, how does isovaleric acid get into beer?
Most of the time, itâ€™s formed when hops get old, particularly when the alpha acids degrade. Iâ€™ve discussed hop acids already in the bitterness article, so if you need a quick overview, head over there and it might clarify some things. This image (from the above-linked article) shows the basic structure of the alpha acids (on the left) and the iso-alpha acids (right) that they isomerize into during boiling in the brewing kettle (at which time they become the source of bitterness in beer). Basically, there are 3 main types of alpha acid (and the 3 corresponding iso-alpha acids) and while they have the same basic structure as each other, there are differences at the â€œR-groupâ€ (top right of the molecule in the images). The differences are minor, but these minor differences can be interesting and influential nonetheless. One of these 3 alpha acids (humulone) has an R-group which is called an isovaleryl group. When this alpha acid oxidizes (due to age and/or improper storage), this R-group can be removed from the molecule and becomes flavor-active, leading to the cheesy/sweatsock flavor Iâ€™m on about.
Another way isovaleric acid can get into beer is through a Brettanomyces infection. Itâ€™s not the most common source in beer, but infection by this yeast genus can produce cheesy aromas, as well as a host of other undesirable flavor-active compounds like acetic acid (vinegar), 4-ethylphenol (bandages), and 4-ethylguaiacol (smoky). Some breweries intentionally â€œpitchâ€ Brett into their fermentors as they try to achieve a certain flavor profile or match a particular Belgian style, but more often than not a Brett infection is a bad thing. Brett is also used in winemaking to achieve certain flavors, but it can also be a spoilage organism here depending on the intent of the oenologist.
So limiting undesirable isovaleric acid levels in your beer comes down to using fresh and high-quality raw materials (store hops in a cool, dark environment and, if possible, oxygen-free), and maintaining sanitary brewing conditions and using plentiful and healthy yeast to limit the potential for beer spoilage.
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.76 / 2$, which is more precise. I found it using the method explained in the previous section.
So, now, the numerical strategy is to fix $\eta$ for a run of calculation (see e.g. Interaction strength in BCS theory), then fix $\delta$ and find $\tau$, change $\delta$ and solve for $\tau$,... up to obtain $\delta(\tau)$. I believe the previous way is simpler than first fixing $\tau$ to solve for $\delta$, because of the $1/\delta$ in the boundary, but maybe Im wrong on this point.
I obtained the following figure from Maple. 30 seconds of numerical integration is sufficient.
$\delta \left(\tau\right)$ from the BCS hypothesis$
NB I calculated $-\delta$, since the numerically obtained $\delta$ are negative... I do not understand why (anybody gets an idea?). Also, I add by hand the points [0,1] (at $T =T_{c}$) and [1,0] (at $T=0$), since $\lim_{\epsilon \rightarrow 0}1/\epsilon$ is badly defined numerically, but we know these points from the full integral.
To my experience, if you try to calculate $\Delta(T)$ from scratch (choosing a $\omega_{D}$ and an $\eta$ randomly), you will have (a lot of!) troubles. This is because the region when the solution of the self-consistent equation is non-trivial (a solution $\delta \neq 0$ exists) is very narrow. Now, $\tau$ and $\delta$ in between $0$ and $1$ is the good region of non-trivial phase, and we know this from the beginning! By the way, it's always simpler to discuss dimensionless variables as $\delta$ and $\tau$, since they are the only one you should plot.
Finally, a remark: you should wonder about the universal aspect of the simplification... Well, I would say that the BCS theory is valid for weak coupling only from the beginning. So it is of no interest to try to resolve the first integral I wrote in this answer instead of the last one.
P.S.: I've found no mention of the above discussion / substitution in literature, so I wrote my own one :-). I'm deeply interested in some references indeed.
share|improve this answer
I have not tried it on this specific equation, but in principle you can solve problems like this by a combination of numerical integration and a root finding algorithm. For a given variable $x$ you wish to determine for a fixed value $v$ of the integral, the root finding algorithm will find a solution to the equation
The root finding algorithm will try to match the variable in such a way that the equation is satisfied, while the integral is evaluated numerically. In your example, $\Delta$ corresponds to the variable $x$ while $1/N(0)V$ takes on the role of v.
share|improve this answer
How can that be done in a programming language though? – ElizabethPor Feb 27 '13 at 0:20
I would start with math software like mathematica, since it contains useful algorithms for numerical integration and root-finding. – Frederic Brünner Feb 27 '13 at 1:19
This has been done in Mathematica. I'll link you a screen shot: _URL_.png. Problem is, when I try to do this in another language (i.e. Python: _URL_, I cannot ask Python to declare and find $\Delta$ without getting a x is not declared error. – ElizabethPor Feb 27 '13 at 11:31
Your Answer


text:
One of the most important concerns when using led lights is the service life. If the service life is not long, it will increase the cost of investment. To prolong the life of the led lamp as much as possible, a special led thermal grease is used to make it perform better in terms of thermal conductivity.
Why use led thermal grease?
For led lights, the main cause of failure is heat dissipation. When heat dissipation is not done properly, it directly leads to the lamp beads being burnt out. To dissipate the heat better when the led lamp is working, you need to use a special led thermal grease. This product uses silicone grease as the main raw material, which greatly improves thermal conductivity. It is a good way to achieve the cooling function and make the led lights work properly.
How does led thermal grease work?
It is a product with low thermal resistance and high thermal conductivity, which is suitable for a wide range of applications. During use, the free degree is low and it can resist high and low temperatures, waterproof and aging. As a product with good thermal conductivity, it is insulating and stable and does not have any corrosive effects.
At what temperature can it be used normally?
Generally speaking, led thermal grease has good resistance to high and low temperatures and can be used in environments from -50 to -240 degrees Celsius without any change in paste form.
Nowadays, the led industry has been using led thermal grease on a large scale, with the escort of this product, even if used continuously for ten hours, the heat can be dissipated normally, effectively extending the service life. To save more energy and cost, it is recommended that the majority of users carefully go shopping. And learn the correct way to apply it, it does not need a long time to cure, and it can play performance after successful application.


Sarthaks Test
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in Mathematics by (11.0k points)
A vessel is in the form of a hollow hemisphere mounted by a hollow cylinder. The diameter of the hemisphere is 14 cm and the total height of the vessel is 13 cm. Find the inner surface area of the vessel.[Use π = 22/7]
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by (18.2k points)
selected by
Best answer
It can be observed that radius (r) of the cylindrical part and the hemispherical part is the same (i.e., 7 cm).
Height of hemispherical part = Radius = 7 cm
Height of cylindrical part (h) = 13 −7 = 6 cm
Inner surface area of the vessel = CSA of cylindrical part + CSA of hemispherical part
= 2 πrh + 2π r2
Inner surface area of vessel
= 2 x 22/7 x 7 x 6 +2 x 22/7 x 7
= 44(6+7)
= 44 x 13
= 572 cm2
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Engineering Technology
NSPE Position
NSPE believes that a bachelor's degree in engineering from a program accredited by ABET's Engineering Accreditation Commission, or one assessed by ABET/EAC as substantially comparable, should be the minimum educational requirement for professional engineer licensure. NSPE endorses the NCEES Model Law, which establishes as the sole minimum educational requirement for PE licensure that the individual possess an engineering degree from an engineering program accredited by ABET/EAC. NSPE opposes efforts to establish legal competency criteria for engineering technicians and technologists. However, NSPE supports the establishment of recognized levels of competence for technicians and technologists, and has sponsored the National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies with this interest in mind.
Under the requirements of professional engineer licensing laws, an individual's competence to practice engineering is determined by subjecting him or her to a rigorous process. This process typically requires the individual to obtain a bachelor of engineering degree from an engineering program accredited by ABET's Engineering Accreditation Commission, successfully complete two comprehensive examinations written by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying, and demonstrate a level of acceptable engineering experience.
Many state PE laws also provide routes to PE licensure that bypass the ABET/EAC education requirement. Some states explicitly permit individuals holding a bachelor of engineering technology degree to become licensed as PEs. This reflects a lack of understanding of the distinction between engineering and engineering technology.
Engineering and engineering technology are recognized as distinct points on the technical occupational spectrum. For example, ABET's accreditation criteria defines engineering as "the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to use economically the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind." Engineering technology is defined as "that part of the technological field that requires the application of scientific and engineering knowledge and methods combined with technical skills in support of engineering activities; it lies in the occupational spectrum between the craftsman and the engineer at the end of the spectrum closest to the engineer." In other words, the engineer is the person who conceives the design, while the engineering technologist is the person who implements it.
This distinction between engineering and engineering technology is acknowledged in several ways. For example, ABET establishes separate accreditation criteria for each program. The criteria prohibits an accredited engineering technology program from claiming that it gives its graduates the equivalent of an engineering education. In addition, a comparison of the pass rates on the Fundamentals of Engineering exam between engineering and engineering technology graduates indicates that technology graduates have a significantly more difficult time with the exam than do engineering graduates.
Proponents of PE licensure for engineering technologists argue that, for purposes of licensure, the engineering technology program provides a substantially equivalent education to the engineering program. They argue the prohibition on PE licensure for technologists unduly restricts otherwise qualified individuals from seeking licensure. Proponents also point out that because over half of the states permit technology graduates to become licensed, those states that prohibit such licensure are essentially depriving their citizens of economic and professional opportunities in their home states.
Professional Policy 128 - Technology/Engineering
Professional Policy 152 - Licensure and Qualifications for Practice
Professional Policy 166 - Professional Engineers/Certified Engineering Technicians and Technologists Relations
Administrative Policy 21- Education and Certification of Engineering Technicians and Technologists
NCEES Model Law and Model Rule
ABET Criteria for Accrediting Programs in Engineering
ABET Criteria for Accrediting Programs in Engineering Technology
Engineering Licensure Laws  2004 Edition
Issue Brief and Position:


text:
In the tapestry of global nationalist struggles, The Role Of Women In Nationalist Struggles has been pivotal yet often understated. These movements, aimed at achieving political independence, social reform, or resisting colonial domination, have seen significant contributions from women.
Their involvement transcends mere participation, embodying leadership, sacrifice, and the relentless pursuit of equality and freedom.
This article sheds light on women's multifaceted roles in nationalist struggles, highlighting their contributions, the challenges they faced, and the legacy they've left behind.
Early Contributions to Nationalist Movements
The pre-independence era in many countries was marked by burgeoning resistance against colonial powers. Women's involvement in these movements was not just a footnote but a driving force. In India, for instance, figures like Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi became synonymous with the fierce resistance against British rule during the 1857 Rebellion.
Similarly, in Algeria, women played crucial roles in the struggle for independence from French colonial rule, with figures like Jamila Bouhired and Djamila Boupacha becoming symbols of the fight for liberation.
Participation in Mass Movements
Women's participation in mass movements was marked by remarkable courage and resilience. During India's Civil Disobedience Movement, women nationwide actively boycotted British goods, picketed liquor shops, and participated in protests and marches.
The Non-Cooperation Movement saw women stepping out of their traditional roles to contribute to the national struggle, signaling a significant shift in societal norms and gender roles.
Challenges Faced by Women in Nationalist Struggles
Social Norms and Gender Roles
The path was fraught with challenges. In societies with rigid social norms and gender roles, women's participation in nationalist struggles was often met with skepticism and resistance.
Their involvement in public protests and political activism went against the traditional expectations of women's roles within the household and society, leading to social ostracization and even violence.
Patriarchal Structures within Movements
Even within nationalist movements, patriarchal structures often prevailed, sidelining women's contributions and voices. Women had to navigate these internal dynamics while fighting the more significant battle against colonial or oppressive regimes, usually fighting on two fronts to assert their presence and contributions.
Lack of Recognition and Representation
Despite their significant contributions, women's roles in nationalist struggles have often been underrecognized in historical narratives. This lack of recognition extends to political representation and leadership positions within independent nations post-liberation, reflecting a broader issue of gender inequality that persists even after the achievement of national goals.
Forms of Women's Participation
Women's involvement in nationalist movements took various forms, from political activism and socio-economic contributions to cultural and educational initiatives. They participated in protests and rallies and played vital roles in boycotting movements, promoting indigenous culture, and leading educational reforms.
These activities underscored women's agency in political and social spheres, challenging traditional gender roles and contributing to the broader nationalist cause.
Women's Movements and Organizations
Emergence of Women's Organizations
The emergence of women's organizations played a crucial role in mobilizing women and amplifying their voices within nationalist struggles. Organizations like the All India Women's Conference (AIWC) and the Women's Indian Association (WIA) provided platforms for women to unite, discuss issues, and advocate for their rights.
These organizations played a dual role, supporting broader nationalist movements and advocating for women-specific issues such as education, healthcare, and legal rights.
Objectives and Activities
The objectives of women's organizations ranged from advocating for political rights to promoting social and economic empowerment. They conducted campaigns for women's suffrage, raised awareness about gender-based violence, and spearheaded community development projects to improve women's lives in rural and urban areas.
Through their activities, these organizations challenged traditional patriarchal structures and contributed to the broader agenda of social reform and national liberation.
Contributions of Key Figures
Sarojini Naidu, often called the Nightingale of India, was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and a staunch advocate for women's rights. She played a significant role in the Indian National Congress, becoming the first woman to preside over its annual session 1925.
Naidu's eloquent speeches and powerful writing galvanized support for the nationalist cause and inspired generations of women to participate actively in the struggle for independence.
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay pioneered the Indian women's movement and was a crucial figure in the struggle for independence. She was actively involved in various socio-cultural initiatives, including promoting indigenous handicrafts and reviving traditional art forms.
Chattopadhyay's efforts not only contributed to preserving India's cultural heritage but also empowered countless women artisans and craftspeople, providing them with avenues for economic independence and self-sufficiency.
Impact and Legacy
Women's Representation in Post-Independence India
Despite their challenges, women's contributions to nationalist struggles did not go unnoticed. Post-independence India saw significant strides in women's political representation, with women holding critical ministerial and leadership positions at the national and state levels.
Reserving seats for women in local governance bodies like Panchayats further strengthened their participation in decision-making processes.
Continued Struggles for Gender Equality
While progress has been made in advancing women's rights and gender equality, challenges persist. Issues such as gender-based violence, unequal access to education and healthcare, and wage disparity continue to plague societies worldwide.
However, the legacy of women's participation in nationalist struggles is a source of inspiration for ongoing women's movements and activism, reminding us of the power of collective action in bringing about social change.
Comparative Analysis with Other Nationalist Movements
The role of women in nationalist struggles is not unique to any particular region or period in history. Women have played significant roles in liberation movements worldwide, from the suffragette movement in the United States and Europe to the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa.
Comparative analysis allows us to draw parallels and learn from women's experiences in different contexts, highlighting common challenges and strategies for overcoming them.
Influence on International Women's Rights Movements
The contributions of women to nationalist struggles have had a profound impact on international women's rights movements. Their resilience, determination, and commitment to justice have inspired generations of activists fighting for gender equality and social justice worldwide.
The legacy of women like Sarojini Naidu and Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay continues reverberating in the global struggle for women's rights, serving as a testament to the power of women's voices in shaping history.
Conclusion: The Role of Women in Nationalist Struggles
In conclusion, the role of women in nationalist struggles is a testament to their resilience, courage, and commitment to justice. Despite facing immense challenges and obstacles, women have played pivotal roles in shaping history, contributing to the advancement of societies, and realizing national aspirations.
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text:
xxxOriginally Posted by enghueiHello:
I am new to this forum and i have some question about the real meaning of some words in this article, considering its unique context.
the article is as follow:
The barometer of his time, Jagger yet resisted the temptation to branch out from the Rolling Stones into too many uncharted areas. An appearance in the movie Ned Kelly revealed that he was unable to come up with a convincing Australian/Irish accent. The experiment was not repeated. Jagger was even less concerned about expressing himself in a literary form, unlike others of his generation. The most articulate of the Rolling Stones has frankly admitted that he could not even remember sufficient details of his life to pen a ghosted biography.
there are some questions regarding some words in the passage
1. what is the real meaning of "barometer" in the first sentence? Indicator
2. what does it mean by "uncharted area"in the 2nd sencence? unknown
3. what is a "ghosted biography"? the basics to be embellished by a ghost writer whose name will not be published
hopefully someone can help me here
thanks in advance for the help