text:
Competitive intelligence (CI) can be especially valuable to private equity (PE) and venture capital (VC) firms, which often operate somewhat in the dark within their industry segments. Holdings in newly-forming or niche industries have few public companies or established business models to provide adequate references for benchmarking and other meaningful insights.
Given this reality and the goals of private investors, PE and VC firms have a shallow understanding of their portfolio companies' key competitors, limited to core strengths and weaknesses and basic knowledge of product or service lines. They lack detailed information on products, key employees, clients, financial performance and other areas. Good CI gathering can fill in the gaps, offering the context needed to foster ideas and support decisions to identify the best new investment opportunities and maximize the value of their existing portfolio.
How CI enhances the value of private investment portfolios
Following are some of the competitive details that can be uncovered to ensure portfolio companies are well-positioned to maximize present and future value:
- Corporate strategy: Where are their competitors focused—profitability, price leadership, product quality, customer service, something else?
- Products and services: How do competitors differentiate new and existing products in the market? What role does innovation, pricing and other factors play in their product or service offerings?
- Financial strategy: Where is the competitor currently investing? How much risk are they willing to absorb? What cost burdens and other financial weaknesses do they bear?
- Distribution and go-to-market strategies: How does the competitor currently distribute their products or sell their services? Where and how are they entrenched, and what are the positive and negative impacts?
- Brand strategy and brand promise: What are the competitors' branding strengths and weaknesses? What are the market perceptions and rationales pertaining to a competitor's brand?
- Pricing: What are the competion's goals regarding pricing models, profitability and market share?
- Research and development (R&D) strategies: Is the competitor's research focus on innovation or on refining existing products? What is the extent of a competitor's intellectual property? What is the size and scope of a competitor's R&D budget and staff?
Investments in gathering CI can pay-off for PE and VC firms by giving them a unique, close-up view of the competitive landscape in which their portfolio companies operate. This information can help the firm identify and exploit strengths and weaknesses to their advantage.
Competitive intelligence versus market research
Unlike conventional market research, competitive intelligence is viewed as a more strategic and future-focused activity, striving to go beyond a straightforward understanding of the current environment.
A good working definition of CI is an approach to collecting and analyzing information whose goals are to:
- Understand and anticipate the activities of competitors.
- Objectively perceive and interpret industry and market events.
- Spot and negotiate market disruptions in order to manage risk and gain organizational advantage.
CI initiatives may engage what-if scenarios or "war gaming" to try to understand what competitors might do in the future. It may try to assess the likelihood of potential future scenarios in order to justify specific business directions or decisions.
Using both published and non-published sources, insight are gathered on marketplace dynamics and challenges in a manner that is structured, disciplined and ethical.
Strategic activities that grow out of CI:
- Bringing a current and accurate understanding of external competitive and market forces into strategic planning.
- Developing applicable insights through research and structured analysis.
- Strengthening marketing, financial and operational activities.
- Minimizing decision-related risk and lowering uncertainty.
Competitive intelligence now plays a crucial role in business planning and strategizing.
The cost of competitive intelligence
While competitive intelligence gathering can include some standard information like company and industry profiles, CI projects are not off-the-shelf. They are customized to meet specific requirements. And while discrete, "one and done" CI reports can be useful, the most effective way to leverage CI is through ongoing monitoring and assessment of the competitive landscape.
When looking at outside providers of CI services, costs depend on a variety of factors like the number of companies and industries involved, the cost of news and data sources and the scope and duration of a CI engagement.
Applications and subscriptions to business information services from companies like Thomson Reuters, Relx Group, Standard & Poor's and Bloomberg contribute to CI costs.
Robyn Rebollo, LAC Group VP of Spend Management Services, recommends buyers take an incremental leap into the CI /BI analytics products market, conducting a pilot to identify the most meaningful metrics for their needs.
According to Robyn,
Forbes is reporting that 60% of CIOs predict their spending on analytics and applications for business and competitive intelligence will increase in the next 12 months, and we see a similar pattern with our clients. However, it's still early adoption, and these products are not necessarily providing the reporting that C-level executives need for strategic decision-making, which means a lot of tweaking and customization of the outputs are still required.
It requires certain skills and practices to pull relevant news and data from these services, to scour the deep web for hidden information and to do the customization that brings it altogether in a useful way for executives. Many private investment firms believe they can do this with the people they have, yet their researchers are mostly financial analysts, narrowly focused on numbers and unfamiliar with broader information searches.
As performed by experienced researchers and information specialists, competitive intelligence truly can be the spark for more creative, strategic thinking and informed decision-making. It allows private equity firms to closely monitor the industries and markets they invest in, deepen their understanding of known areas and explore new areas for continued investment success.


Version: 1.1 | 2.0 |
RangeSlider
in namespace DotVVM.BusinessPack.Controls
Renders a Slider control that allows the user to select a range of numeric values on a scale.
Properties
Name Type Description Notes Default Value
Attributes Dictionary<String,Object>
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
AutoFocus Boolean Gets or sets whether the control should have focus when page loads or when a dialog is opened. The default value is false.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
False
ClientIDMode ClientIDMode Gets or sets the client ID generation algorithm.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
Static
DataContext Object Gets or sets a data context for the control and its children. All value and command bindings are evaluated in context of this value.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
Enabled Boolean Gets or sets whether the slider is enabled.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
True
ID String Gets or sets the unique control ID.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
InnerText String Gets or sets the inner text of the HTML element.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
MaxValue Double Gets or sets the maximum value of the slider.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
100
MinValue Double Gets or sets the minimum value of the slider.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
0
SelectedEndValue Double Gets or sets the end of the range selected in the control.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
0
SelectedStartValue Double Gets or sets the start of the range selected in the control.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
0
Step Double Gets or sets the minimum step for increasing or decreasing the value.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
1
TabIndex Int32 Gets or sets the order in which the control is reachable in sequential keyboard navigation. The default value is 0 which means the document order.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
0
Visible Boolean Gets or sets whether the control is visible.
attribute
inner element
static value
bindable
default
True
Events
Name Type Description
Changed Command Gets or sets the command that will be triggered hen the value changes.
Usage & Scenarios
Renders a slider with a numeric scale which allows the user to select two values.
For a single value selection, you can use the Slider control.
HTML Rendered by the Control
Sample 1: Basic Usage
The SelectedStartValue and SelectedEndValue properties represent the values selected by the user.
The MinValue and MaxValue properties specify the start and end point of the scale.
<bp:RangeSlider SelectedStartValue="{value: Minimum}"
 SelectedEndValue="{value: Maximum}"
 MinValue="0"
 MaxValue="100" />

Selected range: {{value: Minimum}} - {{value: Maximum}}

using DotVVM.Framework.ViewModel;
namespace DotvvmWeb.Views.Docs.Controls.businesspack.RangeSlider.sample1
{
 public class ViewModel : DotvvmViewModelBase
 {
 public int Minimum { get; set; }
 public int Maximum { get; set; } = 100;
 }
}
Sample 2: Step
The Step property defines a size of a step. The slider values are increased or decreased by this value.
<bp:RangeSlider SelectedStartValue="{value: Minimum}"
 SelectedEndValue="{value: Maximum}"
 Step="0.1"
 MinValue="0"
 MaxValue="5" />

Selected range: {{value: Minimum}} - {{value: Maximum}}

using DotVVM.Framework.ViewModel;
namespace DotvvmWeb.Views.Docs.Controls.businesspack.RangeSlider.sample2
{
 public class ViewModel : DotvvmViewModelBase
 {
 public double Minimum { get; set; }
 public double Maximum { get; set; } = 5;
 }
}
Sample 3: Changed Event
The Changed property specifies a command in the viewmodel that is triggered whenever any of the selected values change.
<bp:RangeSlider SelectedStartValue="{value: MinimumPrice}"
 SelectedEndValue="{value: MaximumPrice}"
 Changed="{command: PriceRangeChanged()}"
 MinValue="0"
 MaxValue="100" />

Selected price range: {{value: PriceRangeString}}

using DotVVM.Framework.ViewModel;
namespace DotvvmWeb.Views.Docs.Controls.businesspack.RangeSlider.sample3
{
 public class ViewModel : DotvvmViewModelBase
 {
 public int MinimumPrice { get; set; }
 public int MaximumPrice { get; set; } = 100;
 public string PriceRangeString { get; set; }
 public void PriceRangeChanged()
 {
 PriceRangeString = $"{MinimumPrice}$ - {MaximumPrice}$";
 }
 }
}
Suggestions
Help & Contribute
The documentation is maintained on GitHub.
We'll be happy if you edit the page and create a pull request.
Send message


text:
The Natural Resources Program Area addresses water quality and natural resource conservation on agricultural lands, the appropriate use of pesticides, labeling and sale of fertilizer, field burning in the Willamette Valley, and oyster plat leasing. Through outreach efforts, compliance, monitoring, and coordination with other natural resource agencies, the programs help landowners meet society goals in a manner that makes both economic and environmental sense. In addition, maintaining high quality agricultural land in production is an important long-term strategy for Oregon. The Land Use Program provides technical assistance to farmers as well as local, regional, and state governments on land use proposals.
Programs and services

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The current interest in using olive biophenols to promote functional ingredients and antioxidant additives is increasing. These compounds can be obtained from olive fruit and olive-derived biomasses using different technologies. However, other components can be co-extracted. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on protein solubilization of several extraction technologies, which were applied to obtain olive biophenols from olive-derived biomasses. For this purpose, conventional (Soxhlet and water bath) and non-conventional technologies (ultrasound and microwave) have been evaluated using water as solvent. The total phenolic content was estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the protein content using the Dumas combustion method. Overall, the highest total phenolic content was obtained using the Soxhlet method, while microwave-assisted extraction at 100ºC led to the highest protein solubilization (closer to 60%).
- 52 Reads

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Sumpu Castle Park
A beautiful park in the heart of the city, where you can also experience tea ceremony.
Sumpu Castle Park is located on the former site of Sumpu Castle, which was originally constructed in 1585. The castle was famous as the home of legendary Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, who spent his twilight years here in the early 17th century. The castle grounds' turrets and East gate have been restored, reminiscent of how they appeared 400 years ago. The park is surrounded by stone walls and two moats, and is a popular resting place for locals. Locals enjoy jogging picnic and strolling. The park is also home to Momijiyama Garden, where you can get a taste of authentic Japanese culture. There are four Japanese gardens and a teahouse where you can experience tea ceremony. Enjoying a cup of green tea while gazing out on the beautiful garden, you are sure to feel closer to the traditional culture of Japan.
Tatsumi Yagura Turret
Higashi-Gomon East Gate
Huge timbers were used to build the gate
Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (_PHONE_)
A statue of Tokugawa Ieyasu standing in Sumpu Castle park
Sumpu is the old name of Shizuoka City which had been used since 8th century to 19th century. Tokugawa Ieyasu lived in Sumpu Castle between the age of 6 and 18, and during the last 10 years of his 73 year from where he conducted as a Shogun. Thus during these 10 years, Sumpu had been described as the capital of Japan.
The big Tatami rooms for the gate guards used to be upstairs in the East Gate Museum
A model of Sumpu Town in the 17th century is displayed in the museum
Momijiyama Garden in Sumpu Castle park
Tea room in Momijiyama Garden
You can enjoy Japanese green tea and Japanese confectionary.
Local people spends leisurely time in this park
There are also a lot of events that take place in the Sumpu castle park. One of them is the DAIDOGEI World Cup : it is Asia biggest street performance event ! Have a look on our blog post reporting the topic in ENGLISH and in FRENCH 🙂


How Member Discovery Works
Pivotal GemFire provides various options for member discovery within a distributed system and between clients and servers.
Peer Member Discovery
Peer member discovery is what defines a distributed system. All applications and cache servers that use the same settings for peer discovery are members of the same distributed system. Each system member has a unique identity and knows the identities of the other members. A member can belong to only one distributed system at a time. Once they have found each other, members communicate directly, independent of the discovery mechanism. In peer discovery, GemFire uses a membership coordinator to manage member joins and departures.
Members discover each other using one or more locators. A locator provides both discovery and load balancing services. Peer locators manage a dynamic list of distributed system members. New members connect to one of the locators to retrieve the member list, which it uses to join the system.
Note: Multiple locators ensure the most stable start up and availability for your distributed system.
Standalone Member
The standalone member has no peers, does no peer discovery, and so does not use locators. It creates a distributed system connection only to access the GemFire caching features. Running standalone has a faster startup and is appropriate for any member that is isolated from other applications. The primary use case is for client applications. Standalone members can be accessed and monitored if you enable the member to become a JMX Manager.
Client Discovery of Servers
Locators provide clients with dynamic server discovery and server load balancing. Clients are configured with locator information for the server system, and turn to the locators for directions to the servers to use. The servers can come and go and their capacity to service new client connections can vary. The locators continuously monitor server availability and server load information, providing clients with connection information for the server with the least load at any time.
Note: For performance and cache coherency, clients must run as standalone members or in different distributed systems than their servers.
You do not need to run any special processes to use locators for server discovery. The locators that provide peer discovery in the server system also provide server discovery for clients to the server system. This is the standard configuration.
Multi-site Discovery
In a multi-site (WAN) configuration, a GemFire cluster uses locators to discover remote GemFire clusters as well as to discover local GemFire members. Each locator in a WAN configuration uniquely identifies the local cluster to which it belongs, and it can also identify locators in remote GemFire clusters to which it will connect for WAN distribution.
When a locator starts up, it contacts each remote locator to exchange information about the available locators and gateway receiver configurations in the remote cluster. In addition to sharing information about its own cluster, a locator shares information that it has obtained from all other connected clusters. Each time a new locator starts up or an existing locator shuts down, the changed information is broadcast to other connected GemFire clusters across the WAN.
See Discovery for Multi-Site Systems for more information.


text:
Higher Ed institutions are constantly exploring how to make enrollment more efficient, delivering higher yield, with more engaged students who matriculate and stay longer.
What's missing today is an understanding of what success looks like on both sides of the equation, a laser focus on how to ensure that students thrive, and a scientific way to measure and apply it.
That's our sweet spot. vibeffect is a SaaS solution that helps higher education by significantly lowering student acquisition costs and materially increasing persistence and graduation rates. By combining our research, science and technology, we deliver a customized suite of solutions that help universities gain a scientific understanding of success, and put the best guidance into each student's hands to help them thrive.
We're using predictive modeling to help universities increase the probability of students thriving and completing their degree programs.
Our data and science-based solutions work. And they help institutes of higher education increase their success in progressing students from enrollment, to attendance, to graduation, to loyal alumni.
So, let's get started.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


This page presents various ways to visualize a nosoiSim simulation output. Because this output contains all the data simulated, you can develop your own visualization procedure. The approaches presented here all rely on external packages.
Transmission chain
The transmission chain can be visualized using some of the packages dealing with networks in R, or, alternatively, as a phylogenetic-like tree. For both examples, we will use the following simulation:
library(nosoi)
 t_incub_fct <- function(x){rnorm(x,mean = 5,sd=1)}
 p_max_fct <- function(x){rbeta(x,shape1 = 5,shape2=2)}
 p_Move_fct <- function(t){return(0.1)}
 p_Exit_fct <- function(t){return(0.05)}
 proba <- function(t,p_max,t_incub){
 if(t <= t_incub){p=0}
 if(t >= t_incub){p=p_max}
 return(p)
 }
 time_contact <- function(t, current.in, host.count){
 temp.val = 30 - host.count
 if(temp.val <= 0) {
 return(0)
 }
 if(temp.val >= 0) {
 if(current.in=="A"){
 return(round((_URL_, 3, 1), 0))}
 if(current.in=="B"){return(0)}
 if(current.in=="C"){
 return(round((_URL_, 6, 1), 0))}
 }
 }
 transition.matrix = matrix(c(0,0.2,0.4,0.5,0,0.6,0.5,0.8,0),nrow = 3, ncol = 3,dimnames=list(c("A","B","C"),c("A","B","C")))
 set.seed(1050)
 test.nosoiA <- nosoiSim(type="single", popStructure="discrete",
 length=100,
 max.infected=200,
 init.individuals=1,
 init.structure="A",
 structure.matrix=transition.matrix,
 pMove=p_Move_fct,
 param.pMove=NA,
 diff.nContact=TRUE,
 hostCount.nContact=TRUE,
 nContact=time_contact,
 param.nContact=NA,
 pTrans = proba,
 param.pTrans = list(p_max=p_max_fct,
 t_incub=t_incub_fct),
 pExit=p_Exit_fct,
 param.pExit=NA
 )
As a network
To visualize the transmission chain as a network, I typically use igraph with ggnetwork. Keep in mind that the more nodes (i.e. infected hosts) you have, the more messy (or difficult) the visualization will be.
library(ggplot2)
library(viridis)
library(igraph)
library(ggnetwork)
library(ggpubr)
data.sim <- getTableHosts(test.nosoiA, "A")
# To show the graph, we need to invert column 1 and 2, and discard the first line (i.e. the first host,
# because it shows "NA" as infecting host). We then provide *Nosoi* output as elements for the vertices (nodes).
graph.simA <- graph.data.frame(data.sim[-1,c("inf.by","hosts.ID")],directed=T,vertices = data.sim)
graph.simA.network <- ggnetwork(graph.simA, layout = with_kk()) #using ggnetwork to provide the layout
#plotting the network (color is time of infection)
plot1 <- ggplot(graph.simA.network, aes(x = x, y = y, xend = xend, yend = yend)) +
 geom_edges(color = "grey70",arrow = arrow(length = unit(0.3, "lines"), type = "open")) +
 geom_nodes(aes(color=inf.time)) + scale_color_viridis(name="Time of infection",option = "plasma") +
 theme_blank()
#plotting the network (color is state the host was infected in)
plot2 <- ggplot(graph.simA.network, aes(x = x, y = y, xend = xend, yend = yend)) +
 geom_edges(color = "grey70",arrow = arrow(length = unit(0.3, "lines"), type = "open")) +
 geom_nodes(aes(color=inf.in)) + scale_color_discrete(name="State of infection") +
 theme_blank()
ggpubr::ggarrange(plot1,plot2,widths = 2, heights = 1, legend="bottom")
An animated version over time can also be rendered:
library(networkDynamic)
library(ndtv)
library(dplyr)
SimulationA <- getTableHosts(test.nosoiA, "A")
SimulationA$numID <- as.numeric(as.factor(SimulationA$hosts.ID)) #gets a unique numeric ID for each host
SimulationA[is.na(out.time),out.time:=(test.nosoiA$total.time)] #active hosts get a "end time" (i.e. the end of the simulation)
#Create "edges" table (line between nodes)
edges = SimulationA[,c("hosts.ID","inf.by","inf.time","out.time")]
colnames(edges) = c("to","from","infected","recovered")
edges$end = rep(test.nosoiA$total.time+1,nrow(edges))
#Create "vertex" table (nodes)
vertex2 = edges %>% group_by(to) %>% mutate(vertex=to)
vertex2 = vertex2[,c("vertex","infected","recovered","end")]
vertex2 = as.data.frame(vertex2)
vertex2$numericID = c(1:nrow(vertex2))
vertex2$infected = as.numeric(vertex2$infected)
vertex2$recovered = as.numeric(vertex2$recovered)
vertex2$end = as.numeric(vertex2$end)
vertex3=vertex2[,c(1,5)]
colnames(vertex3) = c("to","numeric.ID")
test=left_join(edges, vertex3, by=c("to"))
colnames(vertex3) = c("from","numeric.ID")
edges2=left_join(test, vertex3, by=c("from"))
colnames(edges2) = c("to","from","infected","recovered","end","to.num","from.num")
edges2[1,7] = 1
#Create main network using networkDynamic
test.network = networkDynamic(vertex.spells=vertex2[,c(2,4,5)],edge.spells =edges2[,c(3,5,7,6)])
#Animated plot where "active" hosts are red, inactive gray
activate.vertex.attribute(test.network,'color','gray',onset=0,terminus=47)
activate.vertex.attribute(test.network,'color','red',onset=vertex2$infected,terminus=vertex2$recovered)
#Render animation
library(tsna)
saveVideo(render.animation(test.network,vertex.col = "color",
 render.par=list(show.time=TRUE),
 edge.col = "gray60",
 displaylabels=FALSE, render.cache='none',mode="kamadakawai"),video.name="transmission-nosoi.mp4")
In this video, nodes (i.e. hosts) come from the center of the network: this does not mean anything in particular and is due to layout constrains. Nodes in red are active (i.e. infectious) hosts whereas nodes in gray are exited hosts. The time steps considered are displayed at the bottom of the frame.
As a phylogenetic-like tree
Alternatively, you can visualize the transmission as a phylogenetic-like tree object. You can


Parents weighing options on opting children out of state testing
By Joleen Ferris
(WKTV) - As state testing approaches, Central New York parents continue to struggle with whether or not to allow their children to take the tests or opt-out on their behalf.
BOCES District Superintendent Mark Vivacqua says if his now-adult son were back in school, he'd be taking the state tests.
"If students don't take the test, we won't have a measure of their growth toward these common core standards," Vivacqua said. "It's just one measure. It's not as though the world will end, but it's less information. If enough students don't take the tests, we're going to be mismeasuring schools and school districts."
New Hartford mom Jessica McNair says can't see any good reason to opt in for the standardized test.
"Parents found out that they didn't get feedback from the tests and the scores that came back; they just got a number," McNair said. "It's very vague, ambiguous and they thought, 'Why put my kid through a minimum of 400 minutes of testing just so my kid can be reduced to a number and instruction can be reduced to test prep in the months leading up to the test?' " said McNair.
As for your child's school district losing Title I funding if fewer than 95 percent of students take the state tests, both McNair nor Vivacqua say that's not going to happen.
"Theoretically, it could, but no, that won't happen," Vivacqua said. "But I think the idea that schools will lose money -- the federal government isn't in the practice of subtracting federal aid from schools because participation is low. I wouldn't expect that to happen."
Vivacqua says that there is no protocol for opting out of the test.
"The state hasn't given any guidance to school districts about what to do about opting out because technically there's no such thing. There's no provision for opting out," said Vivacqua.
The short answer on how to go about opting out if you choose to: Send a written communication to your child's school.
"All the state has done in terms of guidance is remind superintendents that they're not obligated to make any alternate provisions for children who are refusing to take the tests," said Vivacqua, adding that individual districts are deciding what, based on their test-day resources, to do with children who opt out.
Anyone contemplating refusing the state tests on their child's behalf should act quickly; state testing begins April 2.
What's On


text:
Many considerations come into play when constructing timber frame houses. There are the environmental impacts, ongoing maintenance, aesthetic appeal, flexible design options, and overall strength of the home. However, another piece of the puzzle is the actual lifespan of a timber frame house. In choosing to move forward with building a timber frame home, the lifespan is definitely a major component to keep in mind.
What Is the Typical Lifespan of a Timber Frame House?
Generally speaking, a timber frame house lifespan is 100 years or more. Many of the timber frame homes first built in North America in mid 1700 still stand and function today. There are many timber frame structures still in use throughout Europe that date back to early 1100's.
The Importance of Quality Construction
There is the familiar adage that the best defense is a good offense, so focusing on the initial build is pivotal. It is during these early stages that most of the potential success of the timber frame house lifespan is established. The builders and designers are well aware of the responsibility they have to ensure building timber frame houses is done with exacting detail, taking into account any and all potential pitfalls. Obviously, once the timber frame house is built, much of what determines how long timber frame houses last depends upon the owner. It is up to the individual to take steps to maintain the home. Ongoing upkeep and maintenance can extend the lifespan significantly, assuming the owner knows what issues to prioritize.
Protecting Against Moisture Damage
One of the most pressing concerns to keep in mind is moisture damage. Prior to inhabiting the home, the way the timber frame house is built sets the stage for how protected the timber frame house is from moisture damage. When the actual build takes place, you want to ensure the timbers used have a moisture content no higher than 19 percent. Higher concentrations of moisture in the wood of timber frame houses can easily lead to early development of mold and wood rot. Another point to note is that during construction of a timber frame house, the builders are cognizant of keeping the framing as dry as possible. If the frame constructed is wet, it can result in nails popping out and issues with drywall. These issues can lead to significant moisture damage down the road.
During construction, another major concern is proper sealing of the home exterior. By ensuring the sealing is handled correctly, air can't escape through the cracks. This prevents moisture from becoming trapped in wall cavities, which in the long run, can truly impact the lifespan of a timber frame house. By being meticulous with the sealing of the home, the insulation can then be installed without worry that air will get in and cause unnecessary condensation problems.
It is also helpful, if not essential, to strengthen the exterior of timber frame houses with UV protection. The lifespan of a timber frame house can be extended this way by fortifying the wood against the potential deterioration caused by the sun's rays.
Another way to protect timber frame houses, thus increasing a timber frame house lifespan, is to include a humidifiers and ventilators to maintain the air quality indoors. This is particularly important if incorporating a forced-air heating system in your home. During the summer, however, dehumidifiers can also be beneficial, depending on the outside environment.
Modern day Heat Recovery Ventilation systems are highly recommended . Simply using fans will also help to regulate airflow. How much humidity allowed in a timber frame house is ultimately going to be based on the owner's comfort level. Typically, though, the recommendation is that a home is kept roughly between 30-50% humidity. These levels are adequate for minimizing mold growth and excessive condensation.
Pest and Insect Infestation
Another concern that often arises is that of pest and insect infestation. Yearly inspections on the exterior of any home is always recommended to insure there is no evidence of insect or water damage.Fortunately, if the builders are sure to effectively seal the home around its foundation and the base of the siding, this should not cause a homeowner to worry.
Properly Insuring a Timber Frame Home
Insurance is obviously another way to protect a timber frame house. These days, finding affordable insurance for timber frame houses is typically as easy as finding insurance for a traditional brick or hybrid home. Most people start with their own agents, although it is recommended that a person investing in a timber frame house do their research. Speak to the builders and designers. Ask the owners of other timber frame houses for their opinions. Seek out the most recent data on rates and options.
In conclusion, extending the lifespan of a timber frame house starts as soon as the decision is made to actually proceed with building a home. Research your options when it comes to builders. Ensure the team you use to build a timber frame home has a solid reputation and integrity. While it's true that timber frame houses are built more quickly than other styles of homes, this speed should not come at the expense of a sloppily constructed building. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to reach out to our customer service team at Hamill Creek. Our agents would be happy to discuss plans you have for your timber frame house and answer any questions on products and processes used during installation.


But is it possible Popen(["path to script"], stderr="Path to output file")", and that didn't seem to work. A synonym is -o ro. If the specified target directory doesn't exist, the operation will fail unless --create-dirs is also used. See the next recipe to see how to Output Destination Attribute: If set, the output of the stream command will be put into an attribute of the original FlowFile instead of a separate FlowFile. The test command is frequently used as part of a conditional expression. We can pipe the output from who into awk, and then tell awk to print only the first field. See man pages for more information – ksh (1). 0. To suppress error output in bash, append 2>/dev/null to the end of your command. If there was an error, then the only way to tell what it was is to check the exit code of the curl process. Why? This is one of those few frustratingly vague errors on Linux systems, but there are a few usual culprits. Jul 02, 2020 · the command would successfully output the result of date, even though the failing false command should have exited the script first. output=$ (*command* 2>&1) && exit_status=$? || exit_status=$? echo i don't have access to a shell right now, but you can try something like cat /etc/*. This is written in exec() manual page. dir file. Only success output is sent through to the pipeline (stdout output from external programs is sent to PowerShell's success output stream). cmd or . Not all filesystems support this option. Jul 12, 2019 · Azure Pipelines has a task for using the Azure CLI, but this only has the options to use the command line (. In the previous two sections we looked at a collection of filters that would manipulate data for us. txt hello HELLO hi (3 Replies) Let's see an example using command false that always returns 1 (failure). In Bash and other Linux shells, when a program is executed, it uses three standard I/O streams. You are currently viewing LQ as a guest. When displaying data in multiple columns, it will organize the content by filling Suppress the prefixing of filenames on output when multiple files are searched. But it displays bar meaning the return status code is 0 (this is not the returned status code from false). 1 Output redirection into In output redirection, the shell (not the command) diverts (redirects) most command A command that ignores standard input will ignore the attached Without this option, C Shell is only interactive when its input and output are terminals. stderr = FALSE , wait Unix-alikes pass the command line to a shell (normally '/bin/sh', and POSIX the executed command may write to standard output and standard Table 1. For example, when you type the date command, the resulting time and date output is displayed on the screen. Mar 24, 2020 · When writing a new script, it is a good idea to treat the non-terminating errors as terminating errors so the script stops if it gets any errors during execution. It does not make Ansible ignore undefined variable errors, connection failures, execution issues (for example, missing packages), or syntax errors. 1500+ Hours. As you watch the progress (thanks to the verbose flag) you will see output along the lines of "data not copied due to I/O error" when it encounters bad data. 6 gives the meanings of all special characters within shell command lines only. 2> /dev/null. Feb 01, 2021 · Description. Send Text to Standard Output. TFLint is a framework and each feature is provided by plugins, the key features are as follows: Find possible errors (like illegal instance types) for Major Cloud providers (AWS/Azure/GCP). txt on screen: cat log. So you need to modify >/dev/null as follows to redirect both output and errors to /dev/null. Examples : 1. xxx > nul, you will still see the error message: File Not Found. Tolerate sloppy mount options rather than failing. The interactive mode start-up information is not affected by this option. Update As of Azure CLI version 2. and launch with the switch or find a way to suppress it via script personally i launch from cli to get that output so im not sure its possible for all GUI apps. I don't like them that much, I want to use PowerShell (Personal preference)! Add -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue to your command. To output any string or number or text on the terminal, type the following command and press enter. git-check-ignore - Debug gitignore / exclude files The output format is modified to be machine-parsable (see below). Well, in many cases it doesn't matter and we can safely ignore signals, but in some cases it will matter. May 27, 2019 · –nolinks : Turns off hyperlinks in HTML output. 1$ comm x2. There will no longer be a relationship for 'output stream' or 'nonzero status'. Send output and errors to the same file, but preserve existing file content. Verifiable Certificates. This might not be relevant to the question, but just FYI. 0. txt command -arg1 -arg2 > output. The process script is interpreted by Nextflow as a Bash script by default, but you are not limited to it. By joining our community you will have the ability to post topics, receive our newsletter, use the advanced search, subscribe to threads and access many other special features. Sep 21, 2020 · You can send output to /dev/null, by using command >/dev/null syntax. It feels unnecessary given the -r and jq's goal of being a shell tool. ( EA is an alias for ErrorAction ) Jun 08, 2020 · The ls command behaves differently if its output (stdout) is being piped into another command. add a comment. txt. By default, the try-catch block can not handle the non-terminating errors. Send command output to file; errors to different file. If you don't want to increase your globbing mana, just do "cmd 2>/dev/null" and suddenly, all your troubles will seem so far awaaay, doesn't look like they're here to stay, Oh, you believe in yeh-stuh-daaay. This is the default. We'll use it on the output from the who command. To redirect the error message to NUL, use the following command: dir file. That should redirect all the errors and leave the output to 10 Dec 2013 Hello, i have bash script where im cycling some command for different lines in external file. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they may be Nice write-up. The script running the function is a bash script, and I've tried piping the output 29 Jun 2012 How to ignore error in Bash script Answer: We have learned in the past on how to show the exit status of a given command. "null" is never helpful, so I'll have to append all my queries with "//empty". The Purpose The purpose of this post is to give you a real-time example and explanation of how ansible variable is defined and not defined (undefined) conditionals are working along with "when" conditional statement and how it controls the flow of the task and the play. Also, you can lower the severity level of a problem to ignore issues that are not relevant to The output above lists four warnings and no errors: three warnings 13 Sep 2019 When the shell command returns an error, it will be printed on the terminal. echo "Hello World" Nov 15, 2017 · So your Linux system is telling you that you have no space left on your hard drive, but you know there is actually a lot of free space left. Jul 05, 2019 · This post will teach you the basics of PowerShell try/catch blocks and how to find and handle specific exception messages. Specify how the error output is handled by the runner:. When the command has run, you should then examine the log and swap the individual record names that failed using SWAP_BASE_LANGUAGE recordname command Mar 06, 2020 · You can override this with the --ignore-errors option. &> file. txt; Finally, we can redirect stdout to a file named myoutput. Use /dev/null as shown below for sup Jun 05, 2014 · The syntax is: ## send command output to output. Perhaps we don't need all of that information, but, rather, just want to see the names on the accounts. child_process. Sep 29, 2004 · Welcome to LinuxQuestions. Usually just redirect the standard output to /dev/null to ignore the output, but this is not good practice when writing shell scripts. This redirects filehandle 2 (STDERR) to /dev/null . The script running the function is a bash script, and I've tried piping the output I have written a Linux bash script to backup files from an NTFS share to Ignoring error output on any Linux command is as simple as adding


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Vendredi 12 Avril 2019 / IRPHE
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Séminaire régulier IRPHE
Bursting ground metal drops
Orateur : Chihiro Inoue / University of Tokyo
Abstract : Ground metal rods and sparklers produce luminous sparks by heat radiation as seen from childhood. It has been known in the last two-century that the sparks of iron containing carbon inside successively burst as melted drops,shown in Fig. 1. However, reasonable scenarios of bursting iron drops were not provided. In the present study, we measure the temperature along a spark with puffing and bursting by the two-color radiometry technique, clarify the heat balance of sparks, and propose a physical and chemical mechanism driving the unique fragmentation event.
Date et lieu : vendredi 12 avril à 11h00, salle de séminaires IRPHE
Voir en ligne : la page personnelle de l'orateur


to use. However, it entails the burden of calculating the creep coefficients. The following outlines the calculation method for creep loadings using the creep coefficients.

Construction Stage Analysis_equation information
The following outlines the method in which specific functions of creep are numerically expressed, and stresses are integrated over time. The total creep from a particular time t0 to a final time t can be expressed as (superposition) integration of a creep due to the stress resulting from each stage.

Construction Stage Analysis_equation 7Construction Stage Analysis_equation information 1
If we assume from the above expression that the stress at each stage is constant, the total creep strain can be simplified as a function of the sum of the strain at each stage as follows:

Construction Stage Analysis_equation 8

Using the above expression, the incremental creep strain Δεc,n between the stages tn-tn-1 can be expressed as follows:

Construction Stage Analysis_equation 9

If the specific creep is expressed in degenerate kernel (Dirichlet functional summation), the incremental creep strain can be calculated without having to save the entire stress time history.
Construction Stage Analysis_equation 10equation information2
Using the above specific creep equation, the incremental strain can be rearranged as follows:
(11)
Construction Stage Analysis_equation 11where,
Construction Stage Analysis_equation information 3
Using the above method, the incremental strain for each element at each stage can be obtained from the resulting stress from the immediately preceding stage and the modified stress accumulated to the previous stage. This method provides relatively accurate analyses reflecting the change in stresses. Once we enter necessary material properties without separately calculating creep coefficients, the program automatically calculates the creep. Despite the advantage of easy application, it shares some disadvantages; since it follows the equations presented in Standards, it restricts us to input specific creep values for specific elements.
This method is greatly affected by the analysis time interval. Time intervals for construction stages in general cases are relatively short and hence do not present problems. However, if a long time interval is specified for a stage, it is necessary to internally divide into sub-time intervals to closely reflect the creep effects. Knowing the characteristics of creep, the time intervals should be preferably divided into a log scale.

MIDAS/Gen is capable of automatically dividing the intervals into the log scale based on the number of intervals specified by the user. There is no fast rule for an appropriate number of time intervals. However, the closer the division, the closer to the true creep can be obtained. In the case of a long construction stage interval, it may be necessary to divide the stage into a number of time steps.

3. Development of Concrete Compressive Strength

MIDAS/Gen reflects the changes in concrete compressive strength gains relative to the maturities of concrete members in analyses. The compressive strength gain functions can be defined as per standard specifications such as ACI and CEB-FIP as shown in Figure 10, or the user is free to define one directly. MIDAS/Gen thus refers to the concrete compressive strength gain curves, and it automatically calculates the strengths corresponding to the times defined in the construction stages and uses them in the analysis.
The time-dependent material properties (creep, shrinkage, and concrete compressive strength gain) defined in Figure 10 can be applied in analyses in conjunction with conventional material properties. This linking process is simply necessary for the program's internal data structure.

Concrete Compressive Strength Gain Curve
Figure 10. Definition of Concrete Compressive Strength Gain Curve Based on Standards

Input Process of Time-Dependent Material Properties
Time-dependent material properties of elements reflecting their maturities are required for the construction stage and heat of hydration analyses in which MIDAS/Gen accounts for creep and shrinkage of concrete. Observe the following steps for entering time-dependent material properties:
 1. Define the material properties related to creep and shrinkage in Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material (Creep/Shrinkage)
 2. Selecting Code for Defining Material Properties
Figure 11. Selecting Code for Defining Material Properties

In order to select User Defined in the Code field, first define the creep and shrinkage functions in Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material (Creep/Shrinkage) Function.
 1. Define the time variant modulus of elasticity in Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material (Comp. Strength)
 2. Figure 12
 Figure 12. Change of Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

 1. Link the time dependent material properties to the general material properties already entered in Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material Link
 Time Dependent Material Link Dialog Bar
 Figure 13. Time Dependent Material Link Dialog Bar

Definition and Composition of Construction Stages
MIDAS/Gen allows us to specify construction stages and their compositions in detail to reflect the true erection sequence of construction. This is an extremely powerful tool, which can be applied to various construction stage analyses related to different erection methods practiced in building construction.
MIDAS/Gen defines the three distinct stages, which retain the following characteristics:
 - Base Stage
 When the construction stage is undefined, a general analysis may be performed. If the construction stage is defined, the analysis is disabled; the structural modeling is completed; and the element, boundary and load groups are defined and composed.
 - Construction Stage
 Structural analyses are actually carried out for the construction stages. For each construction stage, relevant element, boundary and load groups are activated.
 - Post-Construction Stage
 Being the post-construction stage of the construction, analyses are carried out for the construction stage loads as well as other general loads, response spectrum, etc.
Each construction stage is composed of activated (or deactivated) element, boundary and load groups. By the combination of the three groups with each group defined by the process of activation and deactivation, tremendous flexibility exists in composing the stages.
The following are the contents included in each construction stage:
 1. Activation (creation) and deactivation (deletion) of elements with certain maturities (ages)
 2. Activation and deactivation of loadings at certain points in time
 3. Changes in boundary conditions
The concept of construction stages used in MIDAS/Gen is illustrated in Figure 14. Construction stages can be readily defined by duration for each stage. A construction stage with '0' duration is possible, and the first and last steps are basically created once a construction stage is defined. Activation and deactivation of elements, boundary conditions and loadings are practically accomplished at each step.

Concept of Construction Stages
Figure 14. Concept of Construction Stages

Activation and deactivation of changing conditions such as new and deleted elements, boundary conditions, and loadings basically take place at the first step of each construction stage. Accordingly, construction stages are created to reflect the changes of structural systems that exist in real construction relative to the construction schedule. That is, the number of construction stages increases with the increase in the number of temporary structural systems.
Structural system changes in terms of active elements and boundary conditions are defined only at the first step of each construction stage. However, additional steps can be defined within a given construction stage for ease of analysis to reflect loading changes. This allows us to specify delayed loadings representing, for instance, temporary construction loads while maintaining the same geometry without creating additional construction stages.
If many additional steps are defined in a construction stage, the accuracy of analysis results will improve since the time dependent analysis closely reflects creep, shrinkage and compressive strengths. However, if too many steps are defined, the analysis time may be excessive, thereby compromising efficiency. Moreover, if time dependent properties (creep, shrinkage and modulus of elasticity) are not selected to participate in Analysis>Construction Stage Analysis Control Data and the analysis is subsequently carried out, the analysis results do not change regardless of the number of steps defined.
Subsequent to activating certain elements with specific maturities in a construction stage, the maturities continue with the passage of subsequent construction stages. The material properties of the elements in a particular construction stage change with time. MIDAS/Gen automatically calculates the properties by using only the elements' maturities based on the pre-defined time dependent material properties (Model>Properties>Time Dependent Material). We are not required to define the changing material properties at every construction stage.
If two elements are activated with an identical maturity in an identical construction stage, the elapsed times for both elements are always identical. However, there are occasions where only selective elements are required to pass the time among the elements activated at the same time. This aging of selective elements is accomplished by using the time load function (Load>Time Loads for Construction Stage).

FCM Construction Stages and Modeling
Figure 15. FCM Construction Stages and Modeling

When specific elements are activated in a construction stage, the corresponding maturities must be assigned to the elements. Creating elements with '0' maturity represents the instant when the fresh concrete is cast. However, a structural analysis model does not typically include temporary structures such as formwork/falsework, and as such unexpected analysis results may be produced if the analysis model includes immature concrete elements.
Especially, if elements of '0' maturity are activated, and an analysis is carried out reflecting the time dependent compressive strength gains, significantly meaningless displacements may result due to the fact that no concrete strength can be expected in the first 24 hours of casting. A correct method of modeling a structure for considering construction stages may be that the wet concrete in and with the formwork is considered as loading in the temporary structure, and that the activation of the concrete elements is assumed after a period of time upon removal of the formwork/falsework.
If new elements are activated in a particular construction stage, the total displacements or stresses accumulated up to the immediately preceding construction stage do not affect the new elements. That is, the new elements are activated with '0' internal stresses regardless of the loadings applied to the current


text:
The British Postal Museum in London houses a collection of objects, archives and works of art which trace back over 400 years of postal heritage. This historical collection is designated as being of outstanding national importance by the Arts Council and is on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The museum's archives are protected by a pressurised watermist fire protection system, designed, installed and maintained by Fireworks.
Why use pressurised watermist for archives?
Fireworks' watermist solutions are ideal for archives, as they offer the fastest, safest protection against fire and smoke. Automatic systems incorporate sensors that detect heat and/or smoke, long before fire is noticeable by the human eye. Pressurised water is then emitted exactly at the point of fire, to provide a highly effective, localised solution. The spread of harmful smoke is dramatically reduced and unlike traditional sprinkler systems, watermist only uses very small amounts of water.
The watermist fire protection system
The watermist solution designed for the British Postal Museum comprises a compact, powerful pump unit and a series of watermist nozzles. In the event of a fire been detected, the pump drives pressurised water through a system of fine diameter stainless steel pipes to the affected nozzle. Water is released through the nozzle, in the form of mist. These atomised water droplets are drawn directly to the point of fire, lowering the temperature and suppressing the fire in seconds.
A unique property of watermist is its ability to reduce the spread of smoke – the biggest cause of casualties and damage to assets during fire. Because of the minute size of water droplets, watermist is airborne and is able to bond with smoke particles, which then fall harmlessly to the floor.
Contact 0800 _PHONE_ for advice on fire protection for your library, museum or archive.
To learn how Fireworks' solutions protect architecturally important heritage buildings visit
For more information, contact _EMAIL_


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Book Reviews
The Promise of Christmas
The Sleighmaker
Reviewed by
Dana A. Lagmay linked the story of Jesus with the myth of Santa Claus in The First Christmas, the introductory volume in his The Promise of Christmas series. The second installment, The Sleighmaker, continues these threads. The new novel offers just enough background so that either story can be read independently, though more enjoyment will likely be garnered through reading the books together.
Twelve years after Jesus's birth, Prince Ezra—protagonist of both novels and son of King Caspar of Arabia, one of the Magi—is now married to Hannah, the beautiful Siberian Princess. They have two children together, a son and a daughter, Nikko and Dasha.
Near Jerusalem, Prince Ezra, King Caspar, Nikko, and their entourage come across Mary and Joseph, who are trying to find their son. Nikko and the others join the search for the boy and, in doing so, stumble upon thieves who want to kidnap them and hold them for ransom. Jesus comes to their rescue. He then presents a special gift to Prince Ezra and reminds him of a promise that was made a long time ago and still needs to be fulfilled.
Later, Ivan, former enemy of Prince Ezra and now a blacksmith in Siberia, builds a special sleigh that becomes instrumental in an unexpected, magical way. The sleigh, pulled by reindeer, is used as part of a rescue effort when Dasha and her Aunt Vera are kidnapped by the same thieves Prince Ezra encountered earlier.
Some of Lagmay's characters are one-dimensional and are moved around like chess pieces on the board of the narrative. Fortunately, other characters are strong and unforgettable, like Prince Ezra, Princess Hannah, Nikko, and Dasha. The relationship among these characters, like an engine of unconditional love, forms the heart of the novel. Such a strong core may allow some readers to overlook the typos, misspellings, and awkward sentence structure that are all abundant in the book.
The factor that most significantly affects the quality of the novel is that it is written in an inconsistent and clumsy present tense. Lagmay writes, "Jesus then handed the box with the carpenter tools to Ezra and offers him more to think about." In another example, he writes, "Prince Ezra cannot dismiss what Nikko has last said." Numerous instances of faulty syntax slow the pace of the narrative.
Additionally, it can be difficult to determine when scenes are transitioning. Weighty exposition at these points often creates a too-obvious sense of authorial intrusion. Many scenes in the book would be stronger had they been incorporated into the narrative as pieces of the story that show, rather than tell, what happens.
Lagmay's writing has sincerity and conveys a sense of spirituality and innocence that is similar to Helen Taylor's work in Little Pilgrim's Progress, an adaptation of John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. The love and respect Lagmay clearly has for his characters is endearing to the extent that readers may be able to turn a blind eye to the novel's shortcomings.
A third volume in the series, The Promise of Christmas: The Promise Kept, is expected*.*
Comment on this book


text:
South Korean fashion brand IISE announces that there are 100% profit donation plans that sets in place to support the Black Lives Matter movement. The ongoing donation campaign spreads awareness around the issues throughout Asia as the founders of the brand celebrate black culture as it created a foundation for what IISE stands on today.
The brand releases an official statement that highlights racial constraints and the ideas that surround it. The brothers talk about how many from their generation look up to black culture, their leaders, athletes, musicians, and artists, shaping their youth culture and development as creatives that encourage them to celebrate their own Korean heritage as well.
Image Credit: Seunghood Jeong, Hypebeast
IISE Announces That 100% of Profit Donations Will Go to Blm
1. Profit Donation Plans - Creating profit donation plans can disrupt traditional business models by driving social change and spreading awareness for important causes.
2. Awareness Campaigns - Launching awareness campaigns can help businesses drive social change, engage customers, and foster a positive brand image.
3. Celebrating Diversity and Culture - Embracing diversity and celebrating different cultures can lead to innovative ideas, mutually beneficial collaborations, and increased consumer loyalty.
1. Fashion - The fashion industry can embrace profit donation plans and raise awareness for social justice causes, helping to create a more inclusive and conscious industry.
2. Retail - Retailers can launch awareness campaigns and support causes to engage customers, build brand loyalty, and differentiate themselves from competitors.
3. Creative Industries - Creative industries, such as music, art, and design, can draw inspiration from diverse cultures, fostering innovation and creating unique experiences for their audiences.


How to Perform the Power Clean
February 13, 2012
Must See Strength Training Videos
If you walk into a weight training facility today, chances are you'll see someone performing an Olympic lift. And more than likely, that lift will be the Power Clean. One of the more popular Olympic lifts, the Power Clean is a favorite of athletes—and for good reason.
Benefits of the Power Clean
Performing the Power Clean trains athletes to make explosive, athletic movements on the court and field. Blocking a lineman, rebounding a basketball and crushing a serve all engage the same muscles that are involved in the Power Clean. Your core, quads, hamstrings and glutes are the driving force behind most of the movement, while your traps and shoulders are engaged during the second pull. This exercise works the entire body.
The Power Clean is a full-body, athletic movement that can benefit any athlete in any sport. But this exercise—and all Olympic movements—are very technical and need to be taught and coached by a certified strength and conditioning professional to prevent improper form and reduce risk of injury. Below, I provide a step-by-step description of how to perform the Power Clean.
Bottom Position
Begin with the bar on the floor, keeping your feet hip-width apart and the bar close to your shins over your shoelaces. Grip the bar with a Clean grip, a thumb's length away from the edge of the smooth part of the bar. Your arms should be positioned right outside your legs. Make sure your wrists are curled in toward your body, elbows rotated out to the side and arms completely straight. Keeping your feet flat, bend at the hips and knees. At this point, your thighs should be slightly above parallel and your shoulder blades pinched together. Your eyes should be focused straight ahead.
Bottom Position
Bottom Position
First Pull
Squeeze the bar off the floor by extending your legs, making sure to keep your back flat and your chest and shoulders up. Use a powerful leg drive throughout this phase.
First Pull
First Pull
Scoop
The scoop leads into the second pull. The bar should be just above your knees. Keep your chest out, head back and shoulders slightly forward.
Scoop
Scoop
Second Pull
Violently explode out of the scoop position. Keeping your arms straight, jump straight up by fully extending your hips, knees and ankles (triple extension), while simultaneously shrugging the bar explosively as your shoulders move up and back.
Second Pull
Second Pull
Catch
Quickly drop into a quarter-squat position with your back straight and hips back. Your elbows rotate around the bar in an aggressive whipping action and into a racked position. The bar should be resting high on your shoulders and collarbone. End the movement by standing up with the bar.
Catch
Catch
Want more? Learn how to perform the Squat and its numerous variations.
Shelton Stevens is a member of the strength staff at the University of Southern Mississippi. Prior to joining USM, he was the head strength coach at Nova Southeastern University (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.). He has also worked under LSU strength coach Tommy Moffitt, helping to train the Tigers' nationally-ranked football team and their 2009 national champion baseball team. During his career, he has worked with four national champions, seven conference champions and 12 All-Americans. He is CSCCa, SCCC, USAW, NSCA and RSCC certified, and he holds a bachelor's degree in exercise science and a master's degree in athletic administration.
Shelton Stevens
- Shelton Stevens is a member of the strength staff at the University of Southern Mississippi. Prior to joining USM, he was the head strength coach...
Shelton Stevens
- Shelton Stevens is a member of the strength staff at the University of Southern Mississippi. Prior to joining USM, he was the head strength coach...
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text:
Panel, inclusivity in PD
Thursday 23nd of August
16:00 – 17:00
Hasselt University, in the Old Prison
"Inclusivity in Participatory Design starts with our Conference – or Does it? Towards a plural, inclusive, diverse and intersectional conference"
One aim of the Participatory Design Conference is to be as inclusive as possible, and to increase the diversity of voices (from different parts of the world, or with new perspectives on participation) that build our field. Different strategies have been tried out to pursue this vision, such as the practitioners/industry track, exhibition track, community challenges, the David Hakken scholarship etc. Given that diversity and inclusion can still be handled better and improved, in this panel we will discuss how we can continue to work on these issues in the future. This is an issue raising panel, and the place where some planning for the future can happen.
We welcome everyone to discuss these issues and take some steps towards this goal. We will have a panel of people making short statements to provoke reflection, followed by discussion and joint formulation of proposals. Our starting points for discussion are:
- The current conference deliberately sought contributions from outside the PD community for the short papers, but reviewers found lack of PD literature, etc a reason to reject. Is PD(C) too orthodox?
- PDC is developing a culture consistent with ACM-compliance. This promotes a science model of reporting and a US American scholarship base-line. Is that the only possible model?
- Procedures for inviting / reviewing / discussing and selecting need to be attuned to the possibility of exclusion. This year a lot of "diversity" – in terms of themes and geographical coverage – was marked low by reviewers. Why were these papers at the bottom?
- How can we produce a review process that is helpful for all and still likely to include a more varied set of papers? Or should there be other tracks and ways into the conference which support people from contexts where global (North) academic priorities are not valued/taught/accessible?
- Is it worth it and would it add value to the participatory nature of the conference to arrange for live translation at future PDC venues? Should we add more submission forms (e.g. video, podcasts etc.)? Rethink language policies?
- Can we creatively devise a funding mechanism for newcomers/for people coming from underrepresented areas to attend? (e.g. 1% of the conference fees go to a pot of money for such funding options? Can we have other differentiated fee, like there is for students?)
Organizers (the PDC Diversity taskforce): Linda Tonolli (University of Trento), Giacomo Poderi (IT University of Copenhagen), Vasilis Vlachokyriakos (OpenLab Athens), Raechel Luck (Open University), Ann Light (University of Sussex) and Andrea Botero (Oulu university)


text:
Significance and Use
5.1 Bacteria and fungi present in municipal solid wastes (as well as in other forms of waste) may become airborne as dusts during waste processing. Several investigations to determine the health significance of these microbiological aerosols have been hindered by the lack of standardized procedures for sampling airborne bacteria and fungi in an industrial environment and by the absence of standards for assessing their health significance. Because it is difficult to correlate airborne levels of bacteria and fungi with epidemiological data, this standard is designed to permit the formation of a data base to aid in the assessment of the health significance of airborne microorganisms. It is intended that the use of this practice will improve sampling precision and thereby facilitate comparisons between sampling results.
1.1 This practice covers sampling of airborne microorganisms at municipal solid-waste processing facilities, hereafter referred to as facilities. Investigators should consult Practice D1357 for the general principles of conducting an air-sampling program.
1.2 This practice applies only to sampling airborne bacteria and fungi, not viruses. Since sampling airborne viruses is significantly more difficult than sampling bacteria and fungi, reliable methods of sampling viruses are not yet available.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
ICS Number Code 13.030.10 (Solid wastes); 13.030.40 (Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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text:
The list of matched tunes has a column of input boxes on the left (marked'sel' at the top). If you enter numbers in these and then use the format-selection buttons at the top and bottom (ABC, TXT,...), you will get back all of the selected tunes. The numbers you enter determine the order of the tunes in the output.
One limitation: To my knowledge, with the GIF and PNG formats, there is no way to see more than one printable "page" of output. So if the tunes produce more than one page (in the PS or PDF output), GIF and PNG will only show the first page. If anyone knows a solution to this, let me know.
You can actually enter just about any text in the sel input boxes. Non-numeric strings will simply be sorted alphabetically, after any numbers. But numbers are probably more useful.
To Do: The output tunes should be renumbered to match the numbers that you typed.


Story: Te Ao Mārama – the natural world
Page 5. Mana, tapu and mauri
All images & media in this story
The concepts of mana, tapu and mauri relate both to people and to the natural world.
Mana refers to an extraordinary power, essence or presence. This applies to the energies and presences of the natural world. There are degrees of mana and our experiences of it, and life seems to reach its fullness when mana comes into the world.
The most important mana comes from Te Kore – the realm beyond the world we can see, and sometimes thought to be the 'ultimate reality'.
Certain restrictions, disciplines and commitments have to take place if mana is to be expressed in physical form, such as in a person or object. The concepts of sacredness, restriction and disciplines fall under the term tapu. For example, mountains that were important to particular tribal groups were often tapu, and the activities that took place on these mountains were restricted.
Mauri is an energy which binds and animates all things in the physical world. Without mauri, mana cannot flow into a person or object.
The flow of mana
The idea that mana can flow into the world through tapu and mauri underpinned most of Māori daily life. For example, sacred stones possessing mauri were placed in fishing nets, where they were able to attract fish. The stones were placed in bird snares for the same purpose. When fish arrived in the nets or birds in the snares, Māori saw something more than just the creatures before them – they saw energy within these physical forms. The harvest of fish was the arrival of Tangaroa, god of the sea, which meant the arrival of mana.
Mauri stones were also used to prepare people who would receive mana. In the traditional whare wānanga (school of learning), small pebbles (whatu) were used in a student's initiation ceremony. It was believed that when the student swallowed the pebbles, the mauri in them was taken into the stomach, establishing the conditions whereby mana in the form of knowledge and learning could come into the person. This is the theory behind Māori meditation practices, known as nohopuku (to dwell inwardly, in the stomach).
Taniwha are ferocious creatures or guardians, representing the life force (mauri) of a place in physical form. They were seen as a constant presence in waterways, ensuring that fish and other resources remain plentiful.
Tohunga (priests and other experts) were able to harness mauri and cause it to enter a boulder, a tree or a fish. This had such a powerful effect that the object seemed to take on a life of its own. There are many stories of trees moving against river currents and having a supernatural aspect, leading to a belief that these objects were taniwha.
Taniwha and chiefs
Taniwha were closely linked to the local chief, who was also known as a taniwha. The fertility of a region was seen as directly linked to the mana of that land and its chief, who would control the taniwha in the river. This is important in the concept of tangata whenua (people of the land). Only tangata whenua could control the mauri, and therefore the fertility, of their region.
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Story by Te Ahukaramū Charles Royal, published 24 Sep 2007


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Home> Data By State> Colorado> Grand> Profile
Displays all indicators for this geography, A-Z.
Data highlights selected by our KIDS COUNT state grantee.
Full set of data provided by our KIDS COUNT state grantee.
Key indicators of child well-being tracked in our annual KIDS COUNT Data Book.
Nine indicators from the Early Reading Indicators: 2010 KIDS COUNT Special Report.
Definitions: Percent and number of children under age 18 living in families with incomes below poverty level.
Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE)
Note: SAIPE changed methodology in 2005. Trends are not recommended across this point in time.
Uninsured rates based on Colorado Health Institute (CHI) analyses of data from the 2009, 2010 and 2011 American Community Surveys (ACS). A child was counted as uninsured if his or her parent reported that the child did not have any form of health insurance at the time at which the ACS questionnaire was administered. CHI applied a method developed by the University of Missouri to apportion ACS geographic strata to Colorado counties in order to yield county-level estimates. Due to several counties being part of the same ACS stratum, uninsured rates will be similar for several rural counties.
Data Source: Colorado Health Institute
Definitions: The number and percent of students scoring proficient or advanced on the Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP, administered until 2011) or Transitional Colorado Assessment Program (TCAP, administered in 2012) by county.
Data Source: Colorado Department of Education
LNE=Low Number of Events, Data Suppressed
Note that school districts within counties that have suppressed data are excluded from the county aggregations.


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Time from customer order received to customer order delivered.In detail:
Order Lead Time is the longest lead time. When a customer sends an order, the clock starts ticking. This ticking ends onlywhen the order has been fulfilled and the customer has received what was requested. If the order consists of several deliveries, measuring ends when the last delivery is received or each delivery can be tracked on its own. This time represents the ability to respond to orders and is almost always up to the effectiveness of the supply chain. Order Lead Time is the only lead time that is of interest to the customer because the customer only wants to know when he or she will receive what was ordered. This is easy to understand when compared to ordering from the Internet. After one has placed the order, it is nice to get emails telling that it has been processed or sent, but all that one really care about is the date when the products should arrive.
Time from customer order received to sales order created.In detail:
Customer orders can be received through several methods, including fax and email. When the order has been received, measuring of Order Handling Time begins which ends when the order has been entered into the system. Between these two steps, the order has to be validated to ensure its correctness. It has to include all needed information, e.g. requested delivery date, delivery address, products, quantities and prices. Order entry processing includes checks to export control, transportation time, sales availability and product life cycle. Optimally, the Order Handling Time should be a day or less, but in international firms, that might be hard to achieve. Even more important is order correctness, which requires high attention as mistakes can cause severe delays later on down the supply chain.
Time from sales order created to production finished (ready for delivery).In detail:
When the order is input to ERP, it is visible at the factory. It is also when measuring of Manufacturing Lead Time begins as the ball is handed to the factory. It is their job to confirm material availability, plan and begin production and prepare the goods for shipment. For following how fast orders are actually fulfilled at the factory, Manufacturing Lead Time gives the needed information. In Make-to-Stock production, this is the most important phase where time can be saved or wasted. Manufacturing Lead Time is an external measurement; it does not tell what has been made, but how fast the finished goods are ready to be shipped. If inventory value was not important, ready-made units could be simply stored in a huge warehouse and shipped after an order is received, which would lead to an extremely short Manufacturing Lead Time. This is, of course, not a real situation as it is not cost efficient and would lead to a high risk. As Manufacturing Lead Time does not see what is happening inside the factory, it solely is not enough. There has to be an internal measurement as well.
Time from start of physical production of first submodule to production finished (ready for delivery).In detail:
The factory's internal measurement is Production Lead Time. As actual production of the ordered product begins, starts also Production Lead Time. Usually, the finished module is assembled from submodules. Production Lead Time for a certain module is counted from the oldest submodule's production start to the module being packed and ready to ship. For submodules, the moment when production can be seen as started is when it has a serial number, i.e. when the ID label is printed on it. Whereas Manufacturing Lead Time is an external measurement, Production Lead Time is an internal measurement. It does not tell how fast after an order the product was ready, but it tells how long it took to make it. The time it took to produce a finished module tells also how long effort and money were bound to it before it was of any actual value to someone.
Time from production finished to customer order delivered.In detail:
After the work at the factory has finished and the products are packed and ready to ship, delivery process begins. The exact moment for this is pressing post goods issue for outbound delivery, which decreases inventory, enables billing and allows booking transportation. Measurement ends when the delivery is signed as received at the destination and the customer has received the order. Delivery Lead Time is usually quite static and depends on the chosen transportation method and the distance to the destination. It can be shortened only to a certain extent, mainly by reducing extra steps that add waste like non-value handling or waiting. In international deliveries, Delivery Lead Time can be the most time consuming part of the Order Lead Time, especially in the MTS model.
Click a term to show its explanation!
Click again to close!
Lead Time is a widely used measurement in manufacturing. It tells how much time it takes to start and finish something. Lead Time terms can be seen very differently, depending on personal preferences and work background, which is why these terms were defined. The scope of these terms is from customer order received to customer order delivered, which is the most vital measurement for any company and solely up to the structure and effectiveness of the firm. Steps from customer order received to delivery received by the customer are represented by five terms. They are listed in a temporal sequence and explained in detail above. The amount of work each term covers varies and some of them are timely situated parallel to each other.
A restaurant opens up and a customer walks in. A waiter guides him to a table, gives him the menu and asks what he would like to order. The customer selects a dish and the waiter writes it in his notepad. At that moment the customer has made an order which the restaurant has accepted - Order Lead Time and Order Handling Time have begun.
Now the waiter marks the order in the cash register, rips the paper from the notepad, takes it into the kitchen and puts into the order queue. The order has been handled and is waiting in the factory (kitchen) for manufacturing.
As there are no other customers, the waiter decides to stand outside the kitchen, by the door, waiting for the dish to be prepared and begins calculating Manufacturing Lead Time.
Meanwhile, the chef finishes what he was doing, takes the order from the queue, starts his clock as a mark for the start of Production Lead Time and begins cooking. The chef chops the vegetables, fries the meat and boils the pasta. When the dish is ready, the chef rings a bell and stops his clock.
At the same time the waiter stops calculating Manufacturing Lead Time and rushes through the kitchen door to get the food while it's hot.
When he picks it up, begins counting of Delivery Lead Time that ends when the dish is served to the customer, who can now happily say that the Order Lead Time was shorter than he had expected.
As you can see, these terms can be easily applied to other circumstances than telecommunications production. In fact, the only limiting factor is that there needs to be a customer.
Out of the Lead Time terms there are two that have a special relation to each other. These two are Manufacturing Lead Time and Production Lead Time, which both measure the efficiency of production. Manufacturing Lead Time measures exactly the same steps than Production Lead Time but includes also steps before production is started. Production Lead Time on the other hand begins only when the first submodule is started.
What these terms have in common is also the thing differentiating them. They both tell how good the production is in something but with a difference. Manufacturing Lead Time measures how fast an order is fulfilled - how long it takes for the factory to dispatch the ordered products calculated from the moment the order was input to the system. It is an external measurement. Once the order is in the system, it is the factory's task to produce it as fast as possible. In the perspective of Manufacturing Lead Time, speed can be achieved by having huge buffers of ready-made products simply waiting to be delivered. This way it would be possible to fulfill orders in a few moments. The model could be compared to a supermarket - just pick up the products requested.
However, having a large buffer of expensive basestations that are not necessarily ordered even weekly would introduce sky high inventory costs. This is where Production Lead Time can be seen as useful. It measures how long resources are tied up before they are of actual value to someone. It is an internal measurement. Once production starts, expensive components are used to build the modules, but it doesn't create any profit before a while after the customer has received it. Basically any time spent in a buffer or a warehouse is a waste of resources and should be avoided. For these buffered products Production Lead Time would be painstakingly long as the time measured doesn't end when the product is finished and packed. Instead, it ends when the delivery of these products starts, so having an extremely short Manufacturing Lead Time on the expense of Production Lead Time is definitely not the correct approach.
A balance can be found between the terms - a situation where both give out good metrics. This is achieved when a short Manufacturing Lead Time is gotten through improving production so that Production Lead Time is also short. Lets consider a production that is run by purchase orders. Once an order is in the system, production begins at the first available time in the schedule and all the required components and parts are available without extra procurement delay. In this case the best results overall are gotten when the production is efficient so the product is made quickly. In a situation like this, Manufacturing Lead Time is not the shortest possible but instead it is quite close to Production Lead Time, being only slightly longer due to scheduling delay. But it has to be longer in a PO controlled production to avoid high inventory costs.


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I'm working on a website that uses two columns inside a container. The container has a white background that should stretch to the bottom of whichever column is highest, so I'm using the holy grail method for that.
However, both columns should positioned so that a part of it exceeds the white background (this example uses a fixed height, which should be fluid). As far as I know, this can only be done by setting the overflow to visible but this break the equal height of the columns.
How do I fix this with as little additional elements as possible?


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Saliva samples from DNA kits, once mixed with the preservative liquid, are stable at room temperature (15°C to 30°C) and last up to 12 months. Unused kits remain stable at room temperature for up to 2 years.
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As you can see, nothing special needs to be done to perfectly preserve tellmeGen DNA kits. However, prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures or outside the optimal preservation range may jeopardize the subsequent performance of the sample in the laboratory.


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This French manuscript Bible was written around 1275 A.D. The text is in a minute Gothic scribal hand, written on vellum, and decorated throughout with fine penwork in red and blue inks and historiated illuminated letters. The opening illustration shown is from the Book of Genesis. The first word of the verse is "Incipit" and the full-page illuminated letter "I" that decorates the page contains representations of the Seven Days of Creation and, in the bottom lobe, the Crucifixion of Christ. The illuminations and penwork are characteristic of thirteenth-century French manuscript illumination design, and this Bible is a particularly fine example of the art form.
Call number: Rosenwald #3
2 of 16


Inequality, political representation, and public goods provision: evidence from Colombia's National Coffee Growers' Federation
Project: Research project
Project Details
In this project I aim to study the relationship between inequality and the provision of public goods by looking at a historical case when a government outsourced both collection of some taxes and provision of some public goods to a private guild. In 1927, coffee producers in Colombia organized and formed the National Federation of Coffee Producers (FNC, for its name in Spanish). Its mission was to promote Colombian coffee abroad, disseminate knowledge about coffee production, and lobby the Colombian government for favorable policies. However, only a year after its formation the government authorized the FNC to collect and manage revenue from the export tariff on coffee. Over the years the FNC invested on different public goods not only related to the production of coffee like sewage systems of primary public schools. Historians have recognized the FNC's role in the first half of the 20th century as a "parallel state" (Palacios, 2002).
An interesting feature of the FNC's organization is its democratic structure. After its formation every coffee producer was issued a "cedula cafetera" (identification card), which allows them to vote for different representatives in the FNC. There were councils at the county level, followed by cabinets at the department (state) level, and a national council where Colombia's Minister of Finance also sit.
Such setting is ideal for this project. I plan to study two research questions connected to the role of inequality on the formation of state capacity.
First, how does inequality determines political representation?
Second, how does inequality affect the type and quality of public goods provided by the State? At least in theory, what big landowners demand from the State is different from what poorer producers demand. Big landowners might prefer railroads over public education and sewage since they can potentially acquire those privately.
Effective start/end date2/1/211/31/23
Main Funding Source
 - Internal


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Although they have no known language, baboons can accurately discriminate four-letter English words from non-words, according to a study published today (April 12) in Science.
Scientists have typically considered this—the visual analysis of letters and their positions in a word—the first step in the reading process and fundamentally dependent on language. For example, little children learn to read by sounding out words they already know. But the new finding suggests that ability to recognize words is not based on language skills but on an ancient ability, shared with other primates, to process visual objects.
"Ultimately, reading depends on language," wrote Michael Platt, director of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, in an accompanying essay in Science. "But at what stage in the process of translating written symbols into meaning is language necessary?" The biological basis of reading "may be rooted much deeper in human history than previously supposed," he noted.
A 2011 study concluded that the visual analysis of letters, called orthographic processing, happens in a region of the brain associated with object recognition, suggesting that when we read, we are adapting brain pathways which evolved to recognize everyday objects, like rocks and trees, to identify printed words.
Based on this idea, Jonathan Grainger and colleagues at the National Center for Scientific Research and Université d'Aix-Marseille in France hypothesized that orthographic processing therefore may not depend on a preexisting language. "It seems one could use letters and letter combinations as clues to the identity of a word, as kind of a visual object," said Grainger. So his team set out to find out if primates without a language had the same ability.
Over a six-week period, the researchers trained six baboons (Papio papio) to discriminate randomly selected four-letter English words, like "wasp" and "kite," from artificially generated four-letter non-words, like "stod." Words and non-words were presented in 100-word trials on a computer screen, and baboons received a treat for identifying a word (pressing an oval) or a non-word (pressing a cross).
Initially, the screen repeated words more frequently than non-words to teach the baboons the words. Once the baboons had learned a word, they were able to recognize it with 80 percent accuracy. Each new word was added into the ever-increasing pool of already learned words and non-words. One baboon was able to discriminate 308 words from 7,832 non-words with about 75 percent accuracy. But the baboons weren't simply memorizing which four letter sequences were words and which were not. After the initial learning phase, when the baboons were presented with a new word for the first time, they labeled it a word far more often than they labeled a non-word a word. "This is evidence that the baboons have implicitly extracted information about what distinguishes the real words from the non-words," said Grainger. That information probably includes which letter combinations appear more frequently in words versus non-words, such as a K before an I in "kite" and "kill," instead of an I before a K. In addition, the more similar a non-word was to a word, the more likely the baboons were to respond that it was a word. The same trend was found in a recent analysis of human responses to non-words, suggesting baboons and humans share similar orthographic processing abilities.
A prior language, therefore, is not necessary in order to perform orthographic processing, the authors conclude. The finding implies that this first step to reading is an ancient, conserved ability among primates rather than a recent, human-specific phenomenon. "It suggests that when we learn to read, even though words are these spatially arranged combinations of symbols that look a little weird, we are in fact using very basic elementary processes associated with everyday object identification," said Grainger.
The finding has implications for studies of dyslexia, said Platt. It suggests that visual areas of the brain did not develop specifically to support reading, which was invented at most 5,400 years ago. "The observation that neural circuits involved in reading and writing are not hard-wired may explain why most people with dyslexia can learn to read, albeit sometimes more slowly and with less fluidity than people without dyslexia," he wrote in Science. "The very plasticity that enabled humans to invent reading and writing can be harnessed to overcome dysfunctions in the underlying neural circuitry."
J. Grainger, et al., "Orthographic processing in baboons (Papio papio)," Science, 336:245-8, 2012.


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General resources and suggestions for education
- Make announcements about how to be good stewards of God's earth.
- Reuse supplies and purchase sustainable supplies for Christian education.
- Collect disposable items to use in children's craft projects (egg cartons, toilet paper rolls, bottle caps).
- Hold an educational event in addition to Earth Day Sunday worship to celebrate Earth Day, which occurs every year on April 22.
- Schedule earth care speakers or programs: Presbyterians for Earth Care Regional Representatives
- Provide books on earth care at your church's library: Earth Ministry Book list
Educate members on sustainable lifestyle choices
- Encourage members to give up bottled water.
- Start a book club on earth care issues.
- Encourage church members to perform home energy audits or carbon calculations.
- Encourage members to learn about environmental health choices.
- PHP's Just Living series, resources on lifestyle integrity
- Encourage church members to invest in socially and environmentally responsible stocks. Learn more from PC(USA) Mission Responsibility Through Investment (MRTI).
Earth care themed DVDs with faith-based guides
- Renewal: A documentary about people of faith working on environmental stewardship with tools
- Earth Ministry Study Guide and clips to accompany Ken Burns' The National Parks: America's Best Idea
- Deep Down: A documentary on mountaintop removal coal mining
- Let There Be... Stuff? Six-session curriculum connecting faith, consumerism and environmental stewardship from GreenFaith and the Story of Stuff Project
Find earth care curricula
- Eco-Justice Ministries Curriculum Review for all ages
- Just Eating? Practicing Our Faith at the Table, Presbyterian Hunger Program Curriculum with versions for middle school students (available in English and Spanish) and adults
- God's Creation, Our Health: Taking Action Together is a PCUSA four-session study for older elementary youth that connects faith, environmental stewardship, and young people in Peru to young people in our U.S. congregations:
Vacation Bible School curriculum with an earth care theme
- Solar Under the Sun curriculum for VBS
- Living Waters for the World Clean Water for All God's Children VBS curriculum
The preceding tips and resources were derived from PC(USA)'s
Earth Care Congregations
2018 Guide to Greening Presbyterian Churches.


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An improved touch-trigger probe method for surface parallelism measurement is proposed, which enables conventional mechanical probe-based detection techniques to evaluate the surface parallelism degree with higher accuracy. The distance detection of the sensing probe is equipped with a simple optical arrangement associated with the digital image correlation method to perform submicron accuracy measurements. The optical arrangement consists only of an inexpensive USB digital microscope. A feasibility study of the measurement method was carried out by measuring three gauge blocks with known parallelism deviations. The experimental setup for the measurement of parallelism error of gauge blocks is described in detail. The experimental results using the proposed method are in good agreement with those certified by the supplier. It has been confirmed that the final accuracy of the developed system could be able to reach the submicron level and meet the requirement of the metrology. In addition, this system is simple to manufacture, low in cost, and easy to operate.
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We have two functions:
$$\begin{align*} y &= x^4-5x^3+2x^2-5 \\ y &= -11x-20 \end{align*}$$
My task is to find two closest points that can be found on these two functions.
Can somebody give any hints on how to solve these type of exercises?
Thank you!
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Do you mean the closest points of the curves, or the minimum difference between the two functions? – copper.hat Feb 8 '13 at 8:17
The minimum difference between the two functions. :) – Trom Feb 8 '13 at 8:23
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up vote 2 down vote accepted
You want to minimize $x^4-5 x^3+2 x^2+11 x+15$. Take the derivative, set that to $0$, and solve. Unfortunately this is an irreducible cubic, so the solutions are not very nice. There are three real roots: approximately $-._PHONE_$, $1.275428188$, $3.157446070$. I'll leave it to you to find which of these gives the minimum.
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Since you want the minimum difference between $$\begin{align*} y_1(x) &= x^4-5x^3+2x^2-5 \text{ and }\\ y_2(x) &= -11x-20 \end{align*}$$ you are looking for the minimum of $$ \left| y_1(x) - y_2(x) \right|$$ which will be a max / min of $$ z(x) = y_1(x) - y_2(x).$$ So write down the equation for $z$ as Robert Israel has done for you, differentiate $z$ and find its turning points.
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