outputs to the numbers for competition above posted so I can check my implementation? thank you! – Alberto Megía Feb 26 '14 at 14:04
This is sequence A000161 on OEIS (Number of partitions of n into 2 squares.), isn't it? – kaefer Feb 28 '14 at 12:21
8 Answers 8
up vote 2 down vote accepted
I like sequences, but in this case, they are probably the wrong tool for the job. This problem is a chance to try out a non-trivial recursive solution. Using mutation, it would be easy to do an algorithm like this (in Python, my pseudo-code of choice..)
def f(n):
 i = 0
 j = int(1 + sqrt(n))
 count = 0
 # 'i' will always be increased, and j will always be decreased. We
 # will stop if i > j, so we can avoid duplicate pairs.
 while i <= j:
 s = i * i + j * j
 if s < n:
 # if any answers exist for this i, they were with higher
 # j values. So, increment i.
 i += 1
 elif s > n:
 # likewise, if there was an answer with this j, it was
 # found with a smaller i. so, decrement it.
 j -= 1
 # found a solution. Count it, and then move both i and
 # j, because they will be found in at most one solution pair.
 count += 1
 i += 1
 j -= 1
 return count
Now, this seems to work. Maybe its not right, or not the best, but I like how the recursive code looks in F#. (warning.. I don't have F# on this computer... but I hope I got this right.)
let f n =
 let rec go i j count =
 if i > j then count
 let s = i * i + j * j
 if s < n then
 go (i + 1) j count
 else if s > n then
 go i (j - 1) count
 go (i + 1) (j - 1) (count + 1)
 go 0 (1 + (n |> float |> sqrt |> int)) 0
This solution runs in O(sqrt(N)) time for each call, and requires constant memory. The memoizing solution takes O(N) time to setup the dictionary and the dictionary size is at least O(sqrt(N)). For large N, these are quite different.
share|improve this answer
From an initial glance at this, it looks like it's still brute forcing, but without a memoize to speed the subsequent test case lookups. I would probably incorporate a dictionary of "n"'s and check for and increment any relevant other test cases along the way. That way, the most you have to go through is one time for the largest test case. – Jacob Jan 17 '11 at 19:51
That is true, it brute forces the solution every time. The python solution takes a quarter of a second to solve all of the inputs from the example, so I am not too worried about memoizing here, because it is not needed. This was more of an example of a way recursion can be used besides fib or factorial functions. – dave jones Jan 17 '11 at 20:25
I've updated the question with the actual competition numbers given, it does seem like your algorithm is blazing fast for even large n so brute forcing even the maximum 100 cases shouldn't be a problem. If you wan't to try snippets of F#, tryfs.net is great for messing around in the browser. Thanks for your answer. – Jacob Jan 18 '11 at 15:41
Again, the number of integer solutions of x^2 + y^2 = k is either
 - zero, if there is a prime factor equal to 3 mod 4
 - four times the number of prime divisors of k which are equal to 1 mod 4.
Note that in the second alternative, you count a^2 + b^2 as a different solution to (-a)^2 + b^2 (and other signs), and to b^2 + a^2. So you may want to divide by four, and divide again by 2 (taking the floor, as _USER_ Hu points out) if you want solutions as sets instead of ordered pairs.
Knowing this, writing a program which gives the number of solutions is easy: compute prime numbers up to 46341 once and for all.
Given k, compute the prime divisors of k by using the above list (test up to sqrt(k)). Count the ones which are equal to 1 mod 4, and sum. Multiply answer by 4 if needed.
All this is a one or two liner in any lazy functional language (I don't know enough f#, in Haskell it would be two lines long), once you have a primes infinite sequence: counting the divisors = 1 mod 4 (filterby |> count or something along these lines) is something quite natural.
I suspect it is faster than brute forcing the decompositions.
share|improve this answer
I don't understand. Doesn't this give an answer of 4 for both 10 and 15, when it should return 1 and 0? Ruling out solutions with negative x or y makes it return the correct result for 10, but what about 15? – jonderry Jan 13 '11 at 20:33
4 * (primeFactors k |> List.filter (fun p -> p % 4 = 1) |> List.length) – Markus Jarderot Jan 14 '11 at 9:15
Proven incorrect via math.stackexchange.com/questions/17496/… This formula needs modification to work correctly. First off, do not multiply by 4 because we don't care about negative solutions, also you must remove duplicate combinations (not sure how to do that yet). Finally, you must account for the square root being an integer (sqrt(k) * 0^2) – Jacob Jan 14 '11 at 16:34
_USER_, we can remove duplicate combinations easily. For each combination (a,b) that satisfies a^2 + b^2 = n, we also counted (b,a), meaning the count is an even number, unless a == b. So the number of unique combinations is simply ceiling(count/2). – Wei Hu Jan 17 '11 at 7:59
WRT first clause: power of such prime number fits too. – Orient Jul 3 '14 at 6:06
Your F# combos function has awful perf. Something like
let rec combos range =
 let a = range |> Seq.toArray
 seq {
 for i in 0..a.Length-1 do
 for j in i..a.Length-1 do
 yield i,j }
should be a big speedup.
share|improve this answer
Awesome... That's exactly the kind of info I was looking for. – Jacob Jan 13 '11 at 18:24
In my initial running, I'm noticing an improvement from 8 min to 4 min. Very nice. I modified to just pass in the maxNum instead of range, and iterate to maxNum instead of a.Length-a which lets me remove the whole notion of a. Thanks again for the keen eye. – Jacob Jan 13 '11 at 18:37
Given the C# code, the biggest difference is that the C# code is looping over a list, while the F# code is iterating over a sequence. The Seq.cache is only really a help when you are actually doing calculations over the seq, in this case, it doesn't avoid walking over the sequence repeatedly.
This function will be more like the C# code, but it requires the input to be an array, not just any sequence.
But, as you say elsewhere, a better algorithm is needed overall.
let combos (ss: int []) =
 let rec helper idx =
 seq {
 if idx < ss.Length then
 for jdx in idx + 1.. ss.Length - 1 do
 yield (ss.[idx], ss.[jdx])
 yield! helper (idx + 1)
 helper 0
This may be part of why this is slower than equivalent C# code, although I think IEnumerable would have a similar problem.
let rec combos range =
seq {
 let count = ref 0
 for inner in range do
 for outer in Seq.skip!count range do
 yield (inner, outer)
 count :=!count + 1
The double loop over range is causing it to be evaluated over and over again. Seq.cache can be used to avoid this, if the sequence must be looked at repeatedly.
share|improve this answer
Interesting. Could you modify your answer to show how you would use Seq.cache? – Jacob Jan 13 '11 at 15:29
After modifying the loop to be /// Build a collection of combinations; ie [1,2,3] = (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,2), (2,3), (3,3) let rec combos range = seq { let rangeCache =


FIRMWARE RELEASE NOTES ====================== Products affected: AXIS V5915 Release date: 2016-04-21 Release type: Production Firmware version: 5.75.1.2 File name: V5915_5_75_1_2.bin Preceding release: 5.75.1.1 AMC version: 7.1.2.2-1 Onvif support: Profile S -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UPGRADE INSTRUCTIONS ==================== The firmware can be upgraded using Axis Camera Management, HTTP or FTP. Please follow the instructions from the user's manual, the web page at _URL_ or the file named howtoupgrade.txt. Corrections in 5.75.1.2 since 5.75.1.1 ====================================== 5.75.1.2:C01 44.1kHz audio sampling rate now available. Known Bugs/Limitations ====================== 5.75.1.2:L01 When the automatic IR cut filter enables/disables the IR cut filter, it may trigger motion detection. 5.75.1.2:L02 Recording streams to SD Card with a total bit rate above 12Mbit/sec may cause missing frames/sequences. 5.75.1.2:L03 To avoid corrupt recordings, it is recommended to unmount the SD Card before ejecting it. 5.75.1.2:L04 When changing an active https-certificate, the product needs to be restarted for the new certificate to be applied. 5.75.1.2:L05 The framerate may be lower than expected when streaming MJPEG over https. 5.75.1.2:L06 Time modifiers used in the field "Create folder" is only used upon activation of the rule, hence no new folders are created with the current time during an active rule. To have new folders created with time modifiers you should add them in the "Base filename". 5.75.1.2:L07 To be able to seek in exported mkv recordings you need to use AXIS Matroska File Splitter, see axis.com. Files are playable both with and without AXIS Matroska File Splitter. 5.75.1.2:L08 If setting the video stream resolution to an unsupported value, it's not possible to start streaming without specifying a valid resolution or correcting the video stream resolution to a supported resolution. 5.75.1.2:L09 SNMP OID that have been set are not kept after reboot. 5.75.1.2:L10 The pixel counter scales with the video in when streaming H.264 video via AMC which may make it hard to use. 5.75.1.2:L11 Pan limits set using VAPIX are not reflected using ONVIF. 5.75.1.2:L12 Notice: some receivers does not support receiving empty messages, these will trigger an exception and block further notifications. 5.75.1.2:L13 The live stream is not updated when using tilt arrows in some revisions of Internet Explorer 9. The stream will update again once the mouse pointer is not hovering over the arrow icon. 5.75.1.2:L14 Video stream is not available when using IPv6 with Internet Explorer 11 and AMC. 5.75.1.2:L15 Using special characters § ½ ! £ \ " @ [ ] ' $ ¤ {}& * ? ^¨~+ =' ' < > | , ; : in the upload folder name will not work as expected. 5.75.1.2:L16 After uploading a new application, the installed applications list web page needs to be manually reloaded for it to be updated. 5.75.1.2:L17 It's not possible to set the RTSP timeout in the URL specifying the stream. The default value of 120 seconds will always be used. Supported AXIS VAPIX API Image Resolutions for AXIS V5915 ========================================================= Resolution Exceptions ========== ========== 1920x1080 1280x720 800x450 480x270 320x180 1280x960 1) 1024x768 1) 1024x576 1) 800x600 1) 768x576 1) 720x576 1) 704x576 1) 704x480 1) 704x288 1) 704x240 1) 640x480 1) 640x360 1) 480x360 1) 384x288 1) 352x288 1) 352x240 1) 320x240 1) 240x180 1) 192x144 1) 176x144 1) 176x120 1) 160x120 1) 160x90 1) 1) Not visible in web user interface


text:
22 July 2016:
A new optical-fibre based probe that measures temperature-change in the brain has been developed by CNBP researchers. It has the potential to be used to examine the effects of drug use as well as be used in the monitoring of serious brain injury including strokes or hemorrhage. Read more about it in R&D Magazine.
20 July 2016:
CNBP researcher Stefan Musolino is lead author on a new paper reporting on the development of an optical fiber based probe for in vivo measurements of brain temperature.
Journal: Biomedical Optics Express
Publication title: Portable optical fiber probe for in vivo brain temperature measurements.
Authors: Stefan Musolino, Erik P. Schartner, Georgios Tsiminis, Abdallah Salem, Tanya M. Monro, and Mark R. Hutchinson.
This work reports on the development of an optical fiber based probe for in vivo measurements of brain temperature. By utilizing a thin layer of rare-earth doped tellurite glass on the tip of a conventional silica optical fiber a robust probe, suitable for long-term in vivo measurements of temperature can be fabricated. This probe can be interrogated using a portable optical measurement setup, allowing for measurements to be performed outside of standard optical laboratories.
The paper is accessible online.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
In order to compensate three-dimensional (3D) angle errors of two-dimensional (2D) stage in motion, a 3D angle errors detection and compensation system using a modified DVD pick-up head has been developed in this paper. The modified DVD pick-up head, which consists of a commercial DVD pick-up head without objective lens and voice coil motor, is used as an angle sensor. The mechanism of the angle sensor is based on optical auto-collimation, and each sensor can detect two deflection angles of the stage simultaneously. Utilizing the angle error information obtained by two angle sensors which are set along X and Y moving direction respectively, the controlling system adjusts the nano-positioning stage by controlling the piezoelectric ceramic actuators' movement to compensate the angle errors of the stage. This system can achieve the measurement and compensation of yaw angle error, pitch angle error and roll angle error of the stage. Experimental results show that the angle detection range of this system is ±110", the resolution is about 0.2", and the repeatability error is about 2″. After compensating, the 3D angle errors of 2D stage can be controlled within 3″. This system has the advantages of compact structure, low cost, etc.
The wavelength of laser interferometer used widely in precision measurement instrument is affected by the refractive index of surrounding air, which depends on the temperature, relative humidity (RH) and air pressure. A low-cost mini chamber based on the natural convection principle with high-precision temperature-controlled and humidity-suppressed is proposed in this paper. The main chamber is built up by acrylic walls supported by aluminum beam column and are tailored according to the required space. A thin layer of vacuum insulation panel (VIP) with an ultralow thermal conductivity coefficient is adhered around the walls so as to prevent heat exchange with room air. A high-precision temperature sensor measuring the temperature near the instrument's measuring point provides a feedback signal to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Several thermoelectric coolers uniformly arranged on the ceiling of the chamber to cool the air inside the chamber directly without any air supply system, yielding a vibration-free cooling system. A programmable power supply is used as the driver for the coolers to generate different cooling capacities. The down-flowing cool air and the up-flowing hot air form a natural convection, and the air temperature in the chamber gradually becomes stable and finally reaches the temperature set by the PID controller. Recycled desiccant contained silica gels that have high affinity for water is used as a drying agent. Experimental results show that in about two hours the system's steady state error is 0.003°C on average, and the variation range is less than ± 0.02°C when the set temperature is 20°C, the RH is reduced from 66% to about 48%. This innovative mini chamber has the advantages of low-cost, vibration-free, and low energy-consumption. It can be used for any micro/nanomeasurement instrument and its volume can be customer-designed.
A tungsten stylus with a ruby ball tip was screwed into a floating plate, which was supported by four leaf springs. The displacement of the tip caused by the contact force in 3D could be transferred into the tilt or vertical displacement of a plane mirror mounted on the floating plate. A quadrant photo detector (QPD) based two dimensional angle sensor was used to detect the tilt or the vertical displacement of the plane mirror. The structural parameters of the probe are optimized for equal sensitivity and equal stiffness in a displacement range of ±5 μm, and a restricted horizontal size of less than 40 mm. Simulation results indicated that the stiffness was less than 0.6 mN/μm and equal in 3D. Experimental results indicated that the probe could be used to achieve a resolution of 1 nm.
The measurement of miniature components with a micro- or nano-coordinate measuring machine requires a high precision contact scanning probe. The elastic mechanism of low stiffness is a major component of the contact scanning probe. A new elastic mechanism is analyzed by the theory of elasticity and finite element analysis in this paper. It is to realize the probe's mechanical behavior and stiffness when designing an elastic mechanism for a contact scanning probe. The contact scanning probe is composed of a tungsten stylus with a ruby ball tip, a mechanism of floating plate suspended by four V-shaped leaf springs, and a 3D optical sensor. The leaf spring experiences elastic deformation when a contact force is applied. Uniform stiffness model is analyzed. Simulation and experimental results verify the correctness of the analysis.
The accuracy lives of a measurement system and its components are generally different and it will lead to a waste of resources. In order to make full use of the system's resources and improve its accuracy life, a novel design method based on uniform accuracy life for measurement systems is proposed in this paper. According to the theory of error decomposition and tracing, Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) method is employed to decompose the total errors of an error test system for a dial gauge and then the accuracy loss functions for the total system and some error parameters are obtained. Based on the analysis of the transfer function for the accuracy loss between the different parts of the measurement system, a constraint model consisting with the uniform accuracy life principle is set up. Taking the maximum life of the measurement system as the objective function, the uniform design model has been solved by means of the optimization methods. The uniform design method can be used to promote the accuracy life of the measurement system.
Three-dimensional measurement of microstructures requires a 3-D microprobe with small probing ball as well as appropriate nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machines. An electric arc melting method is presented in this paper, which could fabricate the monolithic micro-spherical tip on the tungsten wire. Based on the principles of electrode discharging energy absorption and the surface tension phenomenon, a micro sphere is formed at the needle-shape tip of the tungsten wire. The model of dynamic arc discharging is established to analyze the process of sphere forming. Experiment results reveal that a spherical tip about 60 μm in diameter having less than 1 μm roundness error could be achieved on a 100 μm diameter tungsten wire with the selection of proper process parameters, such as the discharging voltage, discharging time and discharging gap. Quality of the probe is mainly determined by the electro-discharge conditions which affect the solidification force and thermal conductivity. The monolithic microprobe can be used in the micro coordinate measurement machines (Micro-CMMs) to allow the measurement of micro grooves possible.
High precision contact scanning probes for measuring miniature components on micro- and nano-coordinate measuring
machines require elastic mechanisms. In order to realize the probe's mechanical behavior and stiffness when designing
an elastic mechanism for a contact scanning probe, the elastic mechanism is analyzed by the theory of elasticity and
finite element analysis in this paper. The contact scanning probe is composed of a fiber stylus with a ball tip, a
mechanism of floating plate suspended by four leaf springs, and two optical sensors. The leaf springs experience elastic
deformation when a contact force is applied. Uniform stiffness model is analyzed. Simulation and experimental results
verify the correctness of the analysis.
A new high-precision contact probe with a large scanning range is proposed and validated, which is able to measure miniature components on a micro/nano-coordinate measuring machine (CMM). This scanning probe is composed of a fiber stylus with a ball tip, a mechanism with a wire-suspended floating plate, a two-dimensional (2-D) angle sensor, and a miniature Michelson linear interferometer. The stylus is attached to the floating plate. The wires experience elastic deformation when a contact force is applied, and then the mirrors mounted on the plate are displaced; the displacements can be detected by corresponding sensors. According to industrial demands, such as scanning range, resolution, equal stiffness, contact force, and probe size, several constrained conditions are established, and the optimal structure parameters of the probe are selected. Each component of the probe is designed, fabricated, and assembled in this research. Simulation and experimental results show that the probe can achieve uniform stiffness, ±20-μm scanning range, and 1-nm resolution in x, y, and z directions. The contact force is about 40 μN when the tip ball is displaced 20 μm. It can be used as a contact and scanning probe on a micro/nano-CMM.
A new high precision analogue contact probe with long measurement range that is able to measure miniature components
on a micro/nano-coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is proposed. This analogue probe is composed of a fiber stylus
with a ball tip, a mechanism with a wire-suspended floating plate, a two-dimensional angle sensor and a miniature
Michelson linear interferometer. The stylus is attached to the floating plate. The wires experience elastic deformation
when a contact force is applied and then the mirrors mounted on the plate will be displaced, which displacements can be
detected by two corresponding sensors. Each component of the probe is designed, fabricated and assembled in this
research. Base on the design requirements and stiffness analysis of the probe, several constrained conditions are
established, and optimal structure parameters of the probe are worked out. Simulation and experimental results show that
the probe can achieve uniform stiffness, ±20μm measurement range and 1nm resolution in X, Y and Z directions. The
contact force is less than 50μN when the ball tip is displaced by 20μm. It can be used as a contact and scanning probe on
Based on


Question: What Is A Female Polish Name?
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'Jak masz na imię.
' (yak-mash-na-im-yea) Meaning: What's your name?.
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Most Popular Russian Baby NamesSofia. Sofia is a name that enjoys popularity across the world, and is a firm favourite in Russia. … Anastasia. Anastasia is one of the prettiest Russian girl names and means 'resurrection. … Maria. … Anya. … Alina. … Ekaterina. … Alyona. … Inessa.More items…
Is Mila a Polish name?
Milla (Cyrillic: Мила, Polish: Miła), is a female Slavic name originating from Central or Eastern Europe. It is a diminutive of Slavic names beginning or ending with Milla which derived from the element Mil (Мил) meaning "gracious" or "dear".
Is Mia a Polish name?
Mia Origin and Meaning The name Mia is a girl's name of Italian, Scandinavian origin meaning "mine or bitter". Mia originated as a short form of Maria, which ultimately derived from the Hebrew name Miryam. … Mia is also an Italian and Spanish word meaning 'mine.
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text:
Kristophe Green Sciences
The Effect of Awe on Collective Creativity
Researchers have found that, in general, positive emotions lead to greater creativity (operationalized as increased cognitive fluency, flexibility, and divergent thinking) than do negative emotions. Increasingly, innovations and gamechanging insights are the product of not one creative person, but teams of people working together to produce results. It is essential to understand how creativity functions within groups, and how/which emotions play a role in increasing the creativity of these groups. Kristophes proposed research project addresses the question of how different positive emotions influence group creativity. Specifically, he will test whether awe, a positive emotion that has been shown to produce different cognitive and behavioral tendencies relevant to creative performance, and has also been shown to produce prosociality, increases group creativity.
Photo: Kristophe (second from right) enjoying a meal with fellow Haas Scholars during Orientation Week.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Browning Trail Cameras are triggered by two things: motion and a variance in temperature. The trail camera is able to do this by using a Passive Infrared (PIR) detector. Below we have provided some basic points on how the PIR operates.
- The detection zone is cone shaped and extends outward from the camera. The closer to the camera the subject is the tighter the detection zone. The further away from the camera the subject is the wider the detection zone. At a distance of 10' in front of the camera the detection zone is approximately 5' wide.
- Browning Trail Cameras are able to detect animals or people by sensing changes in infrared light that occurs when the subject enters the cameras detection zone.
- Large animals, such as deer and elk, are easier to detect than smaller animals, such as birds and raccoons.
- It is always best if you can capture the subject moving through the detection zone at an angle versus straight towards the camera. This makes both the motion and temperature variance more visible to the camera.
- PIR sensors work best when there is a good difference in temperature between the animal and the outside temperature.
- Small leaves or twigs should not produce many false triggers based on how the camera operates. However, if a large branch moves due to wind the camera can see both the movement of the branch and the temperature behind the branch it generally cannot see causing the camera to trigger.
Browning Trail Cameras do not have a sensitivity adjustment. We believe that our cameras are designed to achieve peak performance and therefore should need no further adjustments.


text:
To celebrate the launch of the Faulkes Telescope Project, schools can enter the Faulkes Science Competition where students can win pound;300 and a free subscription to the project for their school.
Students must write a letter to Dr Faulkes outlining an idea that will make studying science and maths fun and exciting. The letter can be accompanied by a picture illustrating the idea. The competition will be judged in three age groups: key stage 3, KS4 and post-16.
Send entries to: Faulkes Science Competition, Faulkes Telescope Operations Centre, Physics amp; Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3YB.
The closing date is July 16, 2004. For more details visit _URL_


text: Young individuals possess distinct properties that adults do not. The juvenile animals show higher activities for growth, healing, learning and plasticity than adults. The machinery for establishing these juvenile properties is not fully understood. To better understand the molecular constituents for the above properties, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of differently aged cells of mice by high-throughput sequencing. The samples are isolated mouse hepatocytes and caridomyocytes in triplicate. As a result, we identified the genes selectively highly expressed in the young cells. These genes, collectively called as juvenility-associated genes (JAGs), show significant enrichments in the functions such as alternative splicing, phosphorylation and extracellular matrix (ECM). This implies the juvenescence might be achieved by these functions at the cell level. The JAG mutations are associated with progeria syndromes and growth disorders. Thus, the JAGs might organize the juvenile property of young animals and analysis of JAGs may provide scientific and therapeutic approaches toward treating the genetic diseases.


text:
(_PHONE_) One of great pioneer Methodist ministers of Texas. Pennsylvania-born, he began preaching at age 19. In 1833 he came to Texas and soon settled in this county. Unkempt in appearance, Kenney redeemed his eccentricity with an eloquent style of preaching. In Texas -- then part of Mexico and Catholic by law -- he helped found Methodist societies and, in 1834, served a vast circuit covering all of present state west of Trinity River. In 1836 he took part in Texas War for Independence. His lifetime saw Methodism become one of the major denominations in state. (1972)
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: In this extraordinarily original and profound work, Noam Chomsky discusses themes in the study of language and mind since the end of the sixteenth century in order to explain the motivations and methods that underlie his work in linguistics, the science of mind, and even politics. This edition includes a new and specially written introduction by James McGilvray, contextualizing the work for the twenty-first century. It has been made more accessible to a larger audience; all the French and German in the original edition has been translated, and the notes and bibliography have been brought up to date. The relationship between the original edition (published in 1966) and contemporary biolinguistic work is also explained. This challenging volume is an important contribution to the study of language and mind, and to the history of these studies since the end of the sixteenth century.


text: The stability of aztreonam and cefoxitin, gentamicin, metronidazole, or tobramycin in intravenous admixtures containing aztreonam and one of the other drugs was studied. Admixtures of aztreonam and gentamicin, aztreonam and tobramycin, and aztreonam and cefoxitin were each prepared in four different concentrations in both 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection. Admixtures of aztreonam and metronidazole were prepared in two different concentrations using a commercially available solution of metronidazole 5 mg/mL in a phosphate-citrate buffer. One of each of these admixtures was stored at 25 degrees C for 48 hours and at 4 degrees C for seven days. At various storage times, 1-mL samples of the admixtures were tested for pH and assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography or fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The pH of all admixtures except admixtures of aztreonam and cefoxitin decreased only slightly during storage. Concentrations of aztreonam and tobramycin under both storage conditions decreased by less than 10%. Concentrations of cefoxitin and aztreonam decreased by more than 10% at 25 degrees C, and concentrations of gentamicin decreased by more than 10% under both storage conditions. Visual inspection of admixtures of aztreonam and metronidazole revealed an incompatibility between the two drugs, as evidenced by the appearance of a cherry-red color. Admixtures of aztreonam 10 and 20 mg/mL and tobramycin 0.2 and 0.8 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection are stable for 48 hours at 25 degrees C or seven days at 4 degrees C. Admixtures of aztreonam 10 and 20 mg/mL and gentamicin 0.2 and 0.8 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection are stable for eight hours at 25 degrees C and 24 hours at 4 degrees C. Admixtures of aztreonam 10 and 20 mg/mL and cefoxitin 10 and 20 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection are stable for 12 hours at 25 degrees C and seven days at 4 degrees C. Aztreonam and metronidazole should be administered separately.


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Tree Protection & Enhancement Programs
Tree Preservation Bylaw
For information about tree protections on Private Property, please see Section XVIE: Tree Protection & Preservation of the Wellesley Zoning bylaws on page 123, or read this brief summary.
Public Shade Tree Replacement Program
The NRC, which acts as the Town's Tree Wardens in conjunction with the Department of Public Works, manages a proactive and ambitious public shade tree management program that preserves and protects more than 3,000 Town-owned trees for the enjoyment of the public and the enhancement of Wellesley's environment. Routine maintenance is conducted on a four-year cycle to provide adequate safety pruning to all of these trees.
The care includes:
- Management of New Trees for One or Two Years
- Storm Damage Repairs; Shade and Park Tree Planting
- Tree and Stump Removals as Necessary
- Vandalism Repairs as Needed
- Other Tree Care According to Need
- Adds Beauty
- Buffers Weather Changes
- Helps Prevent Climate Change Through Carbon Absorption
- Improves Air Quality
- Inspires Tranquility
- Maintains Wellesley's Property Values and Quality of Life
- Reduces Erosion
- Reduces Sound and Glare
- Replenishes Groundwater
- Screens Unsightly Areas
- Separates Incompatible Uses
Through the Town's tree planting program, homeowners may request to have shade trees planted on your property. An inspection is performed for each tree request to determine that the site meets the following requirements:
- The site is within 20 feet of the public way.
- The site demonstrates a need for a tree due to a lack of trees and shade canopy.
- The site will support the listed trees.
- The homeowner agrees to properly water and care for the tree after planting.
Public Shade Tree Removal Hearings & Appeals
Only when a public shade tree is severely diseased, is in substantial decline, or threatens public safety does the NRC and the Department of Public Works (DPW) propose to remove a tree, and then only after a Public Hearing that gives residents an opportunity to voice their concerns and opinions about the proposed tree removal. Wellesley has been named a Tree City USA by the Arbor Day Foundation for more than 30 years, honoring the Town's commitment to community forestry. Wellesley has held the designation for the longest period of any city or town in New England.
Contact Information & Additional Resources
Contact the NRC for more information about the tree program or to request a tree in your lawn by calling _PHONE_, ext. 2294 or emailing us.
For more information, visit the Wellesley Department of Public Works Park and Tree Division Website.


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This module will cover methods use in nutritional epidemiology with its limitations and benefits. The module will provide information related to design, implementation and analysis of epidemiologic studies that address questions of dietary intake and nutritional status.
The aim of this module is to provide the student with an understanding of nutritional epidemiology and its importance in the prevention of diseases.
By the end of this module the student should be able to:
1. Critically evaluate the different methods of assessing nutritional and physical activity and how to overcome its limitations.
2. Explain the different study designs in nutritional epidemiology.
3. Discuss the methods to establish link diet between chronic diseases.
4. Appraise the importance of nutritional epidemiology in driving public health agendas.
1 Nutritional and physical activity assessment methods.
(revision and limitations)
2 Nutrition epidemiology – an overview.
3 Study designs in nutritional epidemiology.
4 Biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology.
5 Methods to establish link between diet and chronic diseases.
6 Biostatistics (applied to nutritional epidemiology).
7 Significance of evaluation of nutrition in maintaining and driving public health agendas.
8 Measuring exposure and outcomes
Teaching and Learning Work Loads
|Teaching and Learning Method||Hours|
SCQF Level - The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework provides an indication of the complexity of award qualifications and associated learning and operates on an ascending numeric scale from Levels 1-12 with SCQF Level 10 equating to a Scottish undergraduate Honours degree.
Credit Value – The total value of SCQF credits for the module. 20 credits are the equivalent of 10 ECTS credits. A full-time student should normally register for 60 SCQF credits per semester.
We make every effort to ensure that the information on our website is accurate but it is possible that some changes may occur prior to the academic year of entry. The modules listed in this catalogue are offered subject to availability during academic year 2021/22 , and may be subject to change for future years.


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Whitelock, Denise and Scanlon, Eileen
The roles of gaze, gesture and gender in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning.
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 14(2) pp. 158–165.
This paper investigates the role of gaze and gesture when subjects are collaboratively solving physics problems with a computer. The results from the study indicate that femals interacting together as pairs do use gaze significantly more than male pairs or those of mixed gender. There is evidence that gaze occurs during the planning stages of the problem solving activities and occurs more frequently by the speaker rather than the hearer during this phase. Mutual gazing occurs at this time too. The main finding is that differences in non-verbal communication strategies with respect to gender grouping effect not only the strategies that progress the collaborative process but more importantly also those that influence the understanding of the problem space. These results suggest the quality of video linkage will play an important role in collaborative problem solving for distance learners.
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Native american dances essay
History and photographs of ceremonial Pacific Northwest native mask art.
Native american dances essay
Magic in North America Part 1: In Uncategorized by Adrienne K. You can read that here. So this morning at 9am, part one of this mess was released.
There are a number of things that stand out and deeply concern me, but the response to my critiques on my twitter timeline is even worse. This has the perfect storm of all of those categories. I really could write a dissertation about this, but I have a million papers to grade and work to do, so a quick rundown: Part 1 of MinNA, The 14th to 17th century, starts with this: Various modes of magical travel — brooms and Apparition among them — not to mention visions and premonitions, meant that even far-flung wizarding communities were in contact with each other from the Middle Ages onwards.
The Native American magical community and those of Europe and Africa had known about each other long before the immigration of European No-Majs in the seventeenth century.
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They were already aware of the many similarities between their communities. The overall ratio of wizards to non-wizards seemed consistent across populations, as did the attitudes of No-Majs, wherever they were born. In the Native American community, some witches and wizards were accepted and even lauded within their tribes, gaining reputations for healing as medicine men, or outstanding hunters.
However, others were stigmatised for their beliefs, often on the basis that they were possessed by malevolent spirits. Even in a fictional wizarding world. A legend grew up around the Native American Animagi, that they had sacrificed close family members to gain their powers of transformation.
Where will this get us? Who benefits from this and why? What did I decide? I am performing a refusal. What you do need to know is that the belief of these things beings? It is connected to many other concepts and many other ceremonial understandings and lifeways.The Native American Experience as Portrayed Through the Essay Titled, Address, and the Painting Titled, Among the Sierra Nevada There were two very important dances for the Sioux tribe, the Sun Dance and the Ghost Dance.
Both dances show the nature of Native American spirituality.
Native american dances essay
The Ghost Dance and the Sun Dance were two very. Native American Indian Masks Tribal masks have been part of the dance regalia and traditional ceremonies of many Native American tribes since ancient times.
Amazon Indians Native Tribe Photos | Videos
A word to the wise for non-Indians in search of Native American religions and spirituality. Explains the differences between traditional American Indian belief and European paganism, Russian shamanism, and the New Age.
The Native American culture is diverse in different aspects such as music, dances, performances and even arts. They have a variety of. A LONG WAY FROM HOME caught my interest because it read like threee different stories surrounding three generations of women who lived on the same plantation, yet saw their world in three different ways.
Treasures - Native American Dance


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Last reviewed 19 February 2013
If cycling is on the increase on our roads, then so too, unfortunately, is the number of collisions between cyclists and HGVS. Paul Clarke takes a look at the worrying statistics.
Cycling is high profile in London, with the Mayor encouraging the "Boris Bikes" scheme and being regularly seen on two wheels himself. Calling for a significant increase in cycling, Boris Johnson cited the health and traffic congestion benefits. Unfortunately, as even Tour de France winner Bradley Wiggins can testify from personal experience, bikes and other forms of transport can sometimes be a dangerous mix.
From the point of view of transport operators, the most concerning statistic is that in 2011, in London, there were 16 cyclist fatalities, with nine of the accidents involving a heavy goods vehicle (HGV). A substantial proportion of those (25%) involved a large vehicle turning left or changing lanes to the left and striking a cyclist.
The worrying number of these collisions, and particularly those involving construction vehicles, led Transport for London (TfL) to commission an independent review into construction logistics and cycle safety. This found that, between 2008 and 2011, more than half (56%) of the cycling fatalities in London have involved large commercial vehicles, including a disproportionate number of vehicles involved with construction.
The review, carried out by the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL), recognises the excellent levels of safety management that the construction industry provides on worksites. However, it argues that this needs to be extended to all vehicle movements related to the construction project, whether these movements are on or off site.
Asking the right questions
TRL was asked to investigate two particular areas of inquiry.
Is it possible to understand the relative risk represented by construction vehicles to cyclists, when compared with general haulage vehicles? If so, what is it? What are the limitations in the data available?
Are there features of contractual arrangements, working practices, driver behaviour, or vehicle design (or combinations of these) that contribute to the apparent over-involvement of construction vehicles in fatal collisions with cyclists in London?
The report includes 11 findings and 12 associated recommendations, detailed under four main headings: raising the profile of work-related road safety; improving work-related road safety management in the construction industry; making construction vehicles and journeys safer; and data improvements. A summary of the report is available on the TRL website.
Work-related road safety
TRL found that in the construction industry (as in other business sectors), road risk is viewed as less important than general health and safety risk. It therefore recommended that the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) should extend the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) to include on-road collisions. Accepting that changes to RIDDOR of this magnitude will take a considerable amount of time to implement, the report suggests that, in the shorter term, HSE could develop an Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) for work-related road safety (including the requirement to record on-road collisions), for use by all industry sectors.
The second main recommendation in this area is that adherence to a nationally-recognised standard on work-related road safety (such as the ISO39001 standard on road traffic safety management) should be promoted. Given that a new International Standard has recently been issued (ISO39001:2012), organisations of five or more employees driving to or from construction sites within the capital should be required to achieve this standard, or a similar standard as determined by the industry.
Making vehicles safer by design
Six specific findings relate to the safety of vehicles, journeys and drivers. The first two of these relate to the visibility around vehicles and to drivers' mental workload. First, although total blind spots seem likely to be rare, based on the small number of vehicles scanned in the current project, visibility of cyclists in some areas around vehicles still has the potential to be poor. Second, from the task analyses carried out, it is clear that there is great potential for driver error and high mental workload, particularly (although clearly not exclusively) in construction industry driving, and multiple changes will be needed to reduce this.
Two recommendations are offered to address these issues.
Vehicle manufacturers should work to improve vehicle and mirror design, seeking to identify and implement design improvements that might be made specifically for vehicles driving on London's streets (which could include changes to windscreen or dashboard design, as well as new technologies and improved mirror design).
A wider review of the blind spots in different vehicle types should be conducted. The current research considers three vehicles of differing ages and produced by different manufacturers (a construction tipper, a concrete mixer, and a general haulage curtainside lorry), and therefore was not representative of the range of tippers, mixers and other vehicles available. A comprehensive review of vehicles used, in the construction industry and others, would greatly improve understanding of the challenges faced by drivers in relation to observing cyclists on the road. The outcome of such a review would be a business case for demonstrating the need for regulatory change in the UK or the EU.
The report notes that mechanisms that might be used to manage road risk in London are not used as widely or as seriously as might be hoped. In particular, it highlights the Fleet Operator Recognition Scheme (FORS), which is a voluntary certification scheme ensuring and assisting fleets in managing their legal responsibilities and helping them strive for best practice.
Following this research, London's Transport Commissioner, Sir Peter Hendy, is reported to have begun contacting the HSE, the Minister for Road Safety and Freight, and the European Commission to discuss how the recommendations can be taken forward.
Is this a transport or a construction problem?
When fatal collisions with cyclists involving HGVs in London are considered, it can be seen that rigid vehicles (which are more likely to be associated with construction than are articulated vehicles) make up 89% of the fatalities from 75% of the distance travelled; articulated vehicles are responsible for 11% of the fatalities from 25% of the distance driven. When the freight task is also considered, this analysis becomes much more stark, with rigid vehicles involved in 89% of the fatalities but only 54% of the freight lifted (tonnes) or 27% of the freight moved (tonne km); articulated vehicles are involved in 11% of the fatalities despite lifting approximately 46% of the freight (tonnes) or 73% of the freight moved (tonne km), on journeys to, from and within London.
Although road casualty statistics make it difficult to identify industry sectors associated with collisions, the evidence considered by the report did suggest to TRL that construction traffic is over-represented in collisions with cyclists in London. In order to clarify this position, it would like to see the police including the vehicle type "construction vehicle" in future accident reports and statistics.
The TRL report recognises that it is likely that the differences in risk between rigid and articulated vehicles are associated with features of the routes they drive, the vehicles themselves, and the types of journey in which they are engaged. The current project provides some initial findings on these issues, although more detailed research (including modelling of flow rates of cyclists and other vulnerable road users on routes used) would be required to answer this question conclusively.


Only the Workflow Manager or a person with relevant permissions can delete a workflow.
If you want to stop a workflow, but still want to keep a record of what has happened, use Abort instead.
To delete a workflow
 1. Find the workflow you wish to delete.
 2. Right-click the workflow and choose Delete
 3. Click OK to confirm deleting.
The Workflow system will alert you if the workflow you are deleting is linked with files.
See also Group role permissions.


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There appear to be two questions that are not able to be answered on Part II, along with another where the answer key is wrong.
In our chapter, we gave credit to all on #23 and #83, but changed the answer on #15 to B. You are free to do whatever you'd wish.
- Ron Gabriel
23. The following statement on obstruction is false:
A. The ball is delayed dead.
B. The act must be intentional and only physical.
C. Occurs when a fielder with possession of the ball denies access to the base the runner is attempting to achieve.
D. Is declared when a fielder without the ball simulates a tag on a runner.
Both B and C are false. Perhaps choice C was meant to say "without" possession of the ball.
83. With the runner from third attempting to steal home, the batter swings and misses and his follow-through contacts the catcher, causing him to drop the ball.
A. This is backswing interference on the batter.
B. With one out, the runner from third is out.
C. With two outs, the batter is out.
D. A, B, and C
Both B and C are correct, however A is not. Perhaps choice A was meant to say "follow through" interference
15. The request for an intentional base on balls must be done:
A. Before the first pitch to the batter.
B. On any ball and strike count.
C. Both A & B.
Key word - MUST, because of that only B is the correct response, not C as the answer key says.


Intelligence in The American Revolutionary War
Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War was essentially monitored and sanctioned by the Continental Congress to provide military intelligence to the Continental Army to aid them in fighting the British during the American Revolutionary War. Congress created a Secret Committee for domestic intelligence, a Committee of Secret Correspondence for foreign intelligence, and a committee on spies, for tracking spies within the Patriot movement.
Famous quotes containing the words intelligence, american and/or war:
 Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947)
 Charles Dickens (1812–1870)
 Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)


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CGR was originally commissioned by Sea structures in 2003 to investigate options for constructing a new 150m wharf at Debden, located on the Eastern bank of Barking Creek. The site at Debden then changed ownership but the new owners continued with the project. The current owners, McGrath Bros. Ltd pushed forward with development and completion of the first stage of the new wharf was achieved in early 2007. The site is currently used for concrete batching and recycling waste materials and the primary purpose of the wharf is to allow McGrath Bros. to transport aggregates and recycled materials by barge along Barking Creek and the River Thames.
The new wharf structure comprises of 30 tubular steel piles, 927mm in diameter, driven into the silty clay and medium dense sands of the Lambeth Group. The piles support reinforced concrete cast insitu beams, which in turn support a reinforced concrete deck consisting of both precast panels and a cast insitu deck slab. CGR carried out the outline and detailed design for the new wharf ensuring that it was capable of supporting a 50kN/m2 live load in-conjunction with a 100 tonne crawler crane and a 50 tonne fork-lift.
To allow the construction of this wharf structure to proceed, extensive stabilisation of the alluvial silts and clays was carried out. CGR commissioned and supervised a site investigation, and the subsequent installation of CFA piles into the soft clays. The temporary works to stabilise the banks of Barking Creek proved to be a very challenging exercise, and several stabilisation solutions were considered by CGR including a steel sheet piled wall and ground anchors. The completed stabilisation works allowed CGR to design a rock revetment slope and drainage outfall to accommodate existing drainage from the site, which met the Environment Agency requirements for increased flood storage capacity.
CGR was involved with this project from conception through to construction. CGR was responsible for carrying out the entire outline and detailed design works, along with the production of the associated planning, tender and construction drawings and the supervision of construction. In particular, CGR was commissioned to assist with gaining the necessary approvals for construction from the Environment Agency and the Port of London Authority.


Solano County
This office is particularly well suited to handle divorces involving business owners and high asset divorces.
Attorney Justin Kirk Tabayoyon obtained his undergraduate degree from the University of California at Davis in Managerial Economics. To obtain this degree, Mr. Tabayoyon studied math up to the level of calculus, as well as finance and accounting. After obtaining his degree and prior to practicing law, Mr. Tabayoyon managed a corporate business. He studied the intricate details of profit and loss reports virtually every day of his life for years. He understands what bookkeeping is and where the numbers on a profit and loss statement come from in the first place. As a business owner himself, for the first couple years of his practice, he personally handled his own bookkeeping until he eventually hired an accountant due to his large volume of transactions, but he still has significant involvement in his own bookeeping and accounting. As an attorney, he has dealt with multiple cases of business owners divorcing, hiding income and assets, and filing fradulent tax returns. Mr. Tabayoyon has been admitted to practice before the United States Tax Court.
As you are probably aware, not all attorneys carry the same skill set. Some are better in certain areas of practice than others. It is a common joke among lawyers that many enter the legal profession because they were not good at math. This is actually not just a joke. There is a lot of truth to it. And do not forget that judges are first and foremost attorneys. Unfortunately, many judges are clueless when it comes to complex financial situations. Judges themselves are simply given a paycheck, and most do not have a background in finance or accounting and have never managed a small business or a corporation. Judges rely on the parties and their attorneys to bring evidence and experts before them to explain things to them and help them understand what decisions to make and why.
This office commonly encounters legal professionals on the other side of cases who despite generally being skilled attorneys are severely challenged when it comes to understanding even basic accounting principles. If an attorney does not understand basic microeconomics and both financial and managerial accounting, can you imagine how confused that attorney will be when they look at a profit and loss statement or balance sheet? Will they understand the diverse investment vehicles you or the other party have? How will your attorney know what financial information to ask for from the other side if they do not have a clue what to ask for? How will an attorney who does not understand basic finance or accounting explain your financial situation to a judge who also does not have a clue?
In practice, Mr. Tabayoyon has seen attorneys who do not look beyond the other parties' profit and loss statement and IRS Schedule C and accept whatever information is given by the other side as accurate. Most likley, it is because they do not have a clue where those numbers come from and they do not understand finance and accounting. This office knows parties often misrepresent their true income and hide assets. This office will engage in thorough investigation and formal discovery to undercover hidden assets or expose phony expenses. If necessary, this office will associate with accounting and finance professionals to invesigate and clarify complex investments and holdings.
If you are a divorcing business owner or person divorcing with substantial assets, contact the Law Offices of Justin Kirk Tabayoyon. This office is financially literate and will protect your financial interests.
Solano County
Law Offices of Justin Kirk Tabayoyon
1000 North Texas Street, Suite A
Fairfield, California 94533
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Website Designed by Justin Kirk Tabayoyon
© 2021


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Throughout history the bow has been used for hobbies, course competitions, Olympics, hunting, fishing, big game, small game and for birds of flight. They have also been used as offensive and defensive weapons of war and one time to win freedom.
No other weapon had the versatility and world wide impact as the bow. Today there are three types of Bows made: the Recurve Bow, the Long Bow, and Compound Bow. These bows are typically made in shops and in factories. There is also a special type of bow called
the Self-Bow (or Stick Bow). A Self-bow (See Fig. 1) is a bow made fr-om a single piece of wood shaped by an experienced craftsman, named a Bowyer. At times, extra material like horn nocks on the ends or a built up handle are accepted as part of a self-bow.
The Recurve Bow
The Recurve Bow fits the image most common today of what a bow should look like. There are many variations to the Recurve bow but they all have the same style. The recurve curves away fr-om the holder. If you notice the Long Bow, it only curves one way; whereas the Recurve curves like a long bow but then curves back, thus the recurve. Many people seeing a Recurve Bow strings it backwards and when they try to use it, it breaks.
The Recurve Bow
Here's a great video clip showing how a professional bowyer constructs a longbow (fr-om the show How It's Made):
The longbow is the most basic bow. It is shaped fr-om
|one piece of wood and the grip is normally made using a strip of leather wound around the bow. A small shelf is cut into the side of the bow for the arrow to rest on. There is no bow sight. Shooting is accomplished by aiming with the tip of the arrow at full draw pointing at the target. Shown below is another example of a longbow.|
The Long Bow
The Compound Bow
Compound bows are produced exclusively in factories. A compound bow is a modern bow that uses a system of cables, cams and pulleys to draw the limbs back. The limbs of a compound bow are much more rigid than the limbs of a recurve or longbow. This enables the bow to store more energy and to release it quicker and faster than a normal bow. Compound bows vary in length, with end to end (nocks) measurements of 33 to 48 inches. The shorter length is for young shooters, and the longest is for adult use. The compound bow uses eccentric wheels at the end of both limbs to create its power. The bow string itself is connected to the ends of the steel cables, which are attached to the top and bottom wheels. The draw weight is adjustable within a 15 pound range by adjusting the bolts on each limb.
The Compound Bow
The Cross Bow is illustrated for example only and in many states is considered a weapon similar to a pistol or rifle.
The Cross Bow
A Bowyer is a person who makes bows for archery competition or sport. The term bowyer typically implies a skilled craftsman. Laminated bows, or composite bows, the forms are commonly used for include Recurve Bows and Compound Bows.
The most important part of making a bow is ensuring the materials used are not strained past the breaking point. Due to the large amount of energy stored in a pulled bow, failures often occur especially when using inferior materials or unskilled bowers. Quite often when a bow fails, because there is a lot of stored-up energy, when it fails, it sounds like an explosion because of the loud cracking and some flying debris, including parts of the bow itself.
The choice of making a Long Bow, Recurve Bow or
|a Compound Bow is up to you. Try all three types of bows if you have the chance before you start building one. Using a Recurve Bow is more the accepted traditional method. It has fewer moving parts to adjust and it is easier to tune and maintain. Its main disadvantage is the pull force. The full force of|
the bow is held at full draw only by your fingers so some strength training is needed to control draw force.
Using a Compound Bow is a bit more modern. Its advantage is the let off at full pull. The less effort allows the hold at full pull at the use of a mechanical trigger. It also has more moving parts and a bear to setup and tune.
The two key factors that affect the choice are the size and strength of the bow and are measured by Draw Length and Draw Weight. Draw length should be measured fr-om the nock to the lead edge of the riser at full pull. Draw weight for a Recurve Bow is usually marked on the bottom limb, at a standard draw of 28 Inches.
Recurve Bows range form 48 inches to 70 inches long. Most target bows will average about 66 inches in length. The rough guide to select the length of a bow to fit you; someone with a draw length of less than 28 inches should use a bow between 62 & 66 inches. A person with a draw of more than 28 inches should use a bow between 66 & 70 Inches. The draw weight of the bow is written on the lower back limb. The weight is noted in pounds at full draw of 28 inches and looks like this: #20@28. Twenty pounds of pull at 28 inch pull. Which means at a full pull of 28 inches the force required to hold the bowstring at this length will be 20 pounds. All bows made today use the same basic principles for construction.
For this exercise we will be building a Long Bow
How to make a long bow
In order to make your longbow, you will need to start with a stave of wood (dimensions 1.5″ x 1.5″ x the height of the intended user. The traditional wood for making a bow is yew, for my bows I used ash and it was the easiest wood for me to find. The stave itself can be bought fr-om a supplier, if however you plan to cut it yourself the easiest way is to split a log into quarters, you need to make sure you have a mix of both sap wood and core wood. If available yew wood is the best wood for long bows.
Once you have the stave (the part that will become the back) of the bow was the part that had the bark on it. CAUTION the bark will need to be removed without cutting the wood underneath.
Once this has been decided, you need to mark the stave see figure below and trim off the grey, shaded area using an axe, knife or saw:
In this diagram, the back of the bow is the bottom line of the stave. The length of the ends of the bow is ½" and the height at the mid point is whatever feels comfortable in your hand. However the thicker you make the bow the higher the poundage, I would also recommend that you make it slightly thicker than you think you'll need it, you can always cut it down.
On the back of the bow, find the mid point of the center line and mark it then draw a straight line fr-om there to each end of the bow. Fr-om the end of these lines, mark 3/16″ either side of the back of the stave, and link them with the ends of the middle line. Trim off shaded area.
On this diagram, you are making the points on the back of the bow. The marker line at the left end of the diagram is 3/16″ and the one on the right is 3/8″. I would recommend using charcoal to do just remember to remove it later.
Now that you have a basic bow shape, you need to trim off the corners of the stave to give a more rounded shape. This is best done with a spoke-shave or a plane. In cross section, this is roughly the shape that you're after, (remove the shaded areas).
While trimming the bow to match the diagram above, you should ensure that no bulges or dips occur along the length of the bow. To accomplish this, continually look down the length of the bow, working forward as you do. If bulges do occur, smooth them off by light sanding, if dips occur you will need to trim the entire bow to remove them.
It is vital that you try to keep the shape of the bow uniform on both sides at all times; otherwise the bow will not pull correctly.
Once you have reached a stage that you are satisfied with, test the flex of the bow by placing one end on the instep of your foot, your opposite hand on the other end, and pulling the middle towards you with your other hand. Ensure that the back of the bow is facing away fr-om you. As you do this, you will notice some stiff areas of the bow (sometimes it's easier to get someone else to do this because they can get a better view). Do not try to flex the bow to far as this point, this is not the direction the bow will be bent when strung, this is just to see how much give there is in the wood. Trim down these stiff areas so that the bow flexes evenly up and down its length.
Once you are satisfied that your bow is even and flexes nicely, make some nocks on either end to hold the string. These should be around 2″ fr-om the ends of your bow and are best made using a round needle file. Starting with the side of the bow, make a small mark at 45 degrees, so that the top of the mark is towards the end


text:
The National Park Service has approved a plan to protect vegetation in Rock Creek Park by reducing the deer population, the agency announced Wednesday.
The plan, approved May 1, will use lethal and non-lethal methods, such as sharpshooters and birth control. Park officials said it is needed to protect and restore vegetation in the park because the deer population continues to grow.
In the 1960s, park officials recorded four sightings of white-tailed deer in the park, according to a news release. In 2011, officials said they recorded 80 deer per square mile. Rock Creek is about 4 square miles.
Park officials said they will continue their existing program of monitoring the deer population and protecting plants and landscaping with fencing. But they will also use sharpshooters and a capture and euthanize program to reduce the deer herd.
Sharpshooting will occur primarily at night during late fall and winter.
Sterilization and other birth control methods will be used to maintain the reduced herd.
The plan will be used to guide deer management in the park for the next 15 years, park superintendent Tara Morrison said in a news release.
More details can be found at the National Park Service's website.


bolicus.
routine cosh
Defined as:
sub cosh(Numeric(Cool))
method cosh()
Usage:
cosh NUMERIC
NUMERIC.cosh
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns its Cosine hyperbolicus.
routine acosh
Defined as:
sub acosh(Numeric(Cool))
method acosh()
Usage:
acosh NUMERIC
NUMERIC.acosh
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns its Inverse Cosine hyperbolicus.
routine tanh
Defined as:
sub tanh(Numeric(Cool))
method tanh()
Usage:
tanh NUMERIC
NUMERIC.tanh
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns its Tangens hyperbolicus.
routine atanh
Defined as:
sub atanh(Numeric(Cool))
method atanh()
Usage:
atanh NUMERIC
NUMERIC.atanh
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns its Inverse tangens hyperbolicus.
routine sech
Defined as:
sub sech(Numeric(Cool))
method sech()
Usage:
sech NUMERIC
NUMERIC.sech
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns its Secant hyperbolicus.
say 0.sech; # 1
routine asech
Defined as:
sub asech(Numeric(Cool))
method asech()
Usage:
asech NUMERIC
NUMERIC.asech
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns its Inverse hyperbolic secant.
say 0.8.asech; # 0.693147180559945
routine cosech
Defined as:
sub cosech(Numeric(Cool))
method cosech()
Usage:
cosech NUMERIC
NUMERIC.cosech
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns its Hyperbolic cosecant.
say cosech(pi/2); # 0.434537208094696
routine acosech
Defined as:
sub acosech(Numeric(Cool))
method acosech()
Usage:
acosech NUMERIC
NUMERIC.acosech
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns its Inverse hyperbolic cosecant.
say acosech(4.5); # 0.220432720979802
routine cotanh
Defined as:
sub cotanh(Numeric(Cool))
method cotanh()
Usage:
cotanh NUMERIC
NUMERIC.cotanh
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns its Hyperbolic cotangent.
say cotanh(pi); # 1.00374187319732
routine acotanh
Defined as:
sub acotanh(Numeric(Cool))
method acotanh()
Usage:
acotanh NUMERIC
NUMERIC.acotanh
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns its Inverse hyperbolic cotangent.
say acotanh(2.5); # 0.423648930193602
routine cis
Defined as:
sub cis(Numeric(Cool))
method cis()
Usage:
cis NUMERIC
NUMERIC.cis
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and returns cos(argument) + i*sin(argument).
say cis(pi/4); # 0.707106781186548+0.707106781186547i
routine log
Defined as:
multi sub log(Numeric(Cool) $number, Numeric(Cool) $base?)
multi method log(Cool:D: Cool:D $base?)
Usage:
log NUMERIC, NUMERIC?
NUMERIC.log(NUMERIC?)
Coerces the arguments (including the invocant in the method form) to Numeric, and returns its Logarithm to base $base, or to base e (Euler's Number) if no base was supplied (Natural logarithm.
say (e*e).log; # 2
routine log10
Defined as:
multi sub log10(Cool(Numeric))
multi method log10()
Usage:
log10 NUMERIC
NUMERIC.log10
Coerces the invocant (or in the sub form, the invocant) to Numeric, and returns its Logarithm to base 10, that is, a number that approximately produces the original number when raised to the power of 10.
say log10(1001); # 3.00043407747932
method exp
Defined as:
multi sub exp(Cool:D $pow, Cool:D $base?)
multi method exp(Cool:D: Cool:D $base?)
Usage:
exp NUMERIC, NUMERIC?
NUMERIC.exp(NUMERIC?)
Coerces the arguments (including the invocant in the method from) to Numeric, and returns $base raised to the power of the first number. If no $base is supplied, e (Euler's Number) is used.
say 0.exp; # 1
say 1.exp; # 2.71828182845905
say 10.exp; # 22026._PHONE_
method unpolar
Defined as:
method unpolar(Numeric(Cool))
Usage:
unpolar NUMERIC, NUMERIC
NUMERIC.unpolar(NUMERIC)
Coerces the arguments (including the invocant in the method form) to Numeric, and returns a complex number from the given polar coordinates. The invocant (or the first argument in sub form) is the magnitude while the argument (i.e. the second argument in sub form) is the angle. The angle is assumed to be in radians.
say sqrt(2).unpolar(pi/4); # 1+1i
routine round
Defined as:
multi sub round(Numeric(Cool))
multi method round(Cool:D: $unit = 1)
Usage:
round NUMERIC, NUMERIC?
NUMERIC.round(NUMERIC?)
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and rounds it to the unit of $unit. If $unit is 1, rounds to the nearest integer.
say 1.7.round; # 2
say 1.07.round(0.1); # 1.1
say 21.round(10); # 20
routine floor
Defined as:
multi sub floor(Numeric(Cool))
multi method floor
Usage:
floor NUMERIC
NUMERIC.floor
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and rounds it downwards to the nearest integer.
say "1.99".floor; # 1
say "-1.9".floor; # -2
say 0.floor; # 0
routine ceiling
Defined as:
multi sub ceiling(Numeric(Cool))
multi method ceiling
Usage:
ceiling NUMERIC
NUMERIC.ceiling
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and rounds it upwards to the nearest integer.
say "1".ceiling; # 1
say "-0.9".ceiling; # 0
say "42.1".ceiling; # 43
routine truncate
Defined as:
multi sub truncate(Numeric(Cool))
multi method truncate()
Usage:
truncate NUMERIC
NUMERIC.truncate
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Numeric, and rounds it towards zero.
say 1.2.truncate # 1
say truncate -1.2; # -1
routine ord
Defined as:
sub ord(Str(Cool))
method ord()
Usage:
ord STRING
STRING.ord
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Str, and returns the Unicode code point number of the first code point.
say 'a'.ord; # 97
The inverse operation is chr.
Mnemonic: returns an ordinal number
routine chr
Defined as:
sub chr(Int(Cool))
method chr()
Usage:
chr INTEGER
INTEGER.chr
Coerces the invocant (or in sub form, its argument) to Int, interprets it as a Unicode code points, and returns a string made of that code point.
say '65'.chr; # A
The inverse operation is ord.
Mnemonic: turns an integer into a character.
routine chars
Defined as:
sub chars(Str(Cool))
method chars()
Usage:
chars STRING
STRING.chars
Coerces the invocant (


text:
The parameter 'pos' in ShapeStim statement stands for the position of the center of the stimulus. Is it possible to set the positition of the stimulus by the top left of it instead of its center? In Pygame, for example, shapes can be draw from top left through statement"pygame.draw.rect(window, color, (topleft_X, topleft_Y, width, height))".
The choice of drawing origin is an arbitrary one (eg bottom left is as natural as anything else), so selecting another is left up to the user, by applying simple geometry.
In this case, just add half the width of the object to your preferred x component of the position, and subtract half its height from the y component.


text:
cord; rope; searching; inquiring
- 糸糹 silk, thread
- 삭 [sag] ・ 색 [saeg]
- Example words:
- search (esp. for someone or something missing); manhunt; / legally authorized search of a person, building, etc.
- groping (for); exploring for a solution
- index (in a book)
- looking up (e.g. a word in a dictionary); retrieval (e.g. data); searching for; referring to
- search criteria
© Based on JMdict, KANJIDIC2, and JMnedict, property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used in conformance with the Group's licence. Example sentences from the Tatoeba project (CC BY 2.0). Kanji stroke order data from the KanjiVG project by Ulrich Apel (CC BY-SA 3.0). See comprehensive list of data sources for more info.


text:
Mangalore is situated in the Dakshina Kannada district in the Karnataka state at an average elevation of 99 meters.
To the west of the city is the Arabian Sea and to the east are the Western Ghats.
The Netravati and Gurupura rivers surround the city by flowing near the south and north respectively. This city has to face moderate to strong winds during the day and gentle winds during the night.
Mangalore has a tropical climate and during the summer as well as winter the average temperature changes from 27 to 34 degrees Celsius. The average humidity of this place is 78 percent.
From December to March, this region is extremely dry and from May to October there is 90 percent of the total yearly rainfall which is 4242.5 millimeters.
As per the census of 2001, the population of Mangalore was 0.398 million.
Your contribution can be useful for other tourists


text:
ERIC Number: EJ749890
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2006-Feb
Reference Count: 0
Incorporating Chemical Information Instruction and Environmental Science into the First-Year Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Landolt, R. G.
Journal of Chemical Education, v83 n2 p334 Feb 2006
The chemical information instruction and environmental science which is incorporated into a first-year organic chemistry laboratory is presented. The students are charged with devised search strategies, conducting online searches and limiting the project scope to ocean systems. The laboratory serves to provide for search strategy development within a meaningful environmental context.
Descriptors: Laboratory Experiments, Search Strategies, Organic Chemistry, Environmental Education, Oceanography, Program Descriptions, Unified Studies Curriculum
Division of Chemical Education of the American Chemical Society. Subscription Department, P.O. Box 1267, Bellmawr, NJ 08099-1267. Tel: _PHONE_; Tel: _PHONE_; Fax: _PHONE_; e-mail: _EMAIL_; Web site: _URL_
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A


text:
IMPORTANCE - Although cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is prognostic in older adults, the effect of CRF during early adulthood on long-term cardiovascular structure, function, and prognosis is less clear.
OBJECTIVE - To examine whether CRF in young adults is associated with long-term clinical outcome and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS - Prospective study of 4872 US adults aged 18 to 30 years who underwent treadmill exercise testing at a baseline study visit from March 25, 1985, to June 7, 1986, and 2472 individuals who underwent a second treadmill test 7 years later. Median follow-up was 26.9 years, with assessment of obesity, left ventricular mass and strain, coronary artery calcification (CAC), and vital status and incident CVD. Follow-up was complete on August 31, 2011, and data were analyzed from recruitment through the end of follow-up.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES - The presence of CAC was assessed by computed tomography at years 15 (2000-2001), 20 (2005-2006), and 25 (2010-2011), and left ventricular mass was assessed at years 5 (_PHONE_) and 25 (with global longitudinal strain). Incident CVD and all-cause mortality were adjudicated.
RESULTS - Of the 4872 individuals, 273 (5.6%) died and 193 (4.0%) experienced CVD events during follow-up. After comprehensive adjustment, each additional minute of baseline exercise test duration was associated with a 15% lower hazard of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.91; P <.001) and a 12% lower hazard of CVD (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.96; P =.002). Higher levels of baseline CRF were associated with significantly lower left ventricular mass index (β = -0.24; 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.03; P =.02) and significantly better lobal longitudinal strain (β = -0.09; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.05; P <.001) at year 25. Fitness was not associated with CAC. A 1-minute reduction in fitness by year 7 was associated with 21% and 20% increased hazards of death (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.07-1.37; P =.002) and CVD (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06-1.37; P =.006), respectively, along with a more impaired strain (β = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.08-0.23; P <.001). No association between change in fitness and CAC was found.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE - Higher levels of fitness at baseline and improvement in fitness early in adulthood are favorably associated with lower risks for CVD and mortality. Fitness and changes in fitness are associated with myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction but not CAC. Regular efforts to ascertain and improve CRF in young adulthood may play a critical role in promoting cardiovascular health and interrupting early CVD pathogenesis.


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Inductance and Coil Proportions.
RLC circuits
Maths and Theory
I have tried hard to avoid everything harder that a square root! The simplest way to do the calculations is with one of the various dedicated programs available for download on the web or use a spreadsheet then you can easily produce tables giving a range of values.
From the graph.
Inductance as
% of Lmax
height / radius
2.2 (or 0.4)
Inductance and coil proportions
The inductance L of a solenoid coil is given by the formula:
L = N*N*R*R / (9*R + 10*H)
Where L the inductance is in uH, N is the number of turns, H is the height of the coil and R is the radius in inches. It is possible to show that the maximum inductance Lmax for a given length of wire is obtained when h=0.9R.
Such a fat squat coil would not be practical the voltage difference between turns would be very high and it would probably breakdown. So we compromise. I was interested to know how the inductance fell as the shape of coil changed. I used a spread sheet to work out the inductance of a given piece of wire for a variety of values of the radius. The radius of the coil and the length of wire gives you the number of turns, the number of turns multiplied by the wire diameter gives you the height of the coil.
As the expected the maximum inductance Lmax occurred when H = 0.9R. I then plotted the induction of the coil as a percentage of Lmax against the ratio of H to R. The shape of graph was the same for a variety of wire lengths and thicknesses.
Y axis is inductance as % of Lmax, X axis is H / R
The significance of all this is that we want coils which have the least resistance for a given induction to maximise Q. It makes sense therefore to avoid the tall skinny coils and go for a bigger radius.
Maximum Q
Wire resistance is not the only factor we also want to minimise the self capacitance of the coil - when this is taken into account it turns out that for maximum Q the height should equal the coil diameter.
Flat Spirals
The formula for the inductance of a flat spiral is:
L = R * R * N * N / (8 * R + 11 * W)
where R is the average radius, W is the difference between the outermost radius and the innermost radius, N is the number of turns. L is inductance in microhenries, uH. R and W are in inches.
Conical Forms
These are usually calculated by taking the average radius and the height and using the equation for a solenoid form. But a very shallow slope may be better approximated by ignoring the height and using the flat spiral equation - must investigate this sometime.
RLC Circuits
An equivalent circuit to a tesla secondary coil
The simplest way to treat the tesla coil is as an RLC circuit.Where R is the ac resistance of the coil and other losses in the system, L is the inductance of the coil and C is the sum of the self capacitance of the coil and the capacitance of the top load. Of course this is a gross oversimplification - it ignores for example the capacitance between turns, but it is sufficient to give us reasonable approximations.
The resonance frequency of a LC circuit is given by:
f = 1/(2pi SQROOT(L*C))
We could in theory calculate the output voltage as:
Vout = SQROOT(L/C) * Vin / R
in practice V out is hard to measure and R the sum of the losses is hard to measure.
But while from the point of view of the generator the tesla secondary is a series RLC circuit. From the point of view of the output terminal the coil is a parallel tuned RLC circuit.
The output impedence is given by:
Zout = L / (C*R)
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text:
Broadly speaking, the earliest Celtic arts and crafts appeared in Iron Age Europe with the first migrations of Celts coming from the steppes of Southern Russia, from about 1000 BCE onwards. Any European art, craftwork or architecture before this date derives from earlier Bronze Age societies of the Urnfield culture (1200-750 BCE), or the Tumulus (_PHONE_ BCE), Unetice (2300-1600 BCE) or Beaker (2800–1900 BCE) cultures.
What Were the Early Influences on Celtic Arts?
The first Celts brought their own cultural styles, derived from the Caucasian Bronze Age, as well as a knowledge of Mediterranean and Etruscan styles, derived from maritime trading contacts through the Bosporus between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean basin. Settling in the area of the Upper Danube, the Celts duly absorbed motifs of the ancient Danubian tradition.
They also brought with them a knowledge of iron-making, metalwork and jewellery art, possibly developed from the Bronze-making Maikop culture of the Russia Caucasus, or contacts with the Levant. (The later La Tene silver masterpiece, known as the "Gundestrup cauldron" is believed to have been made in the Black Sea region.)
What Was the First Style of Celtic Arts?
The earliest true Celtic idiom in the area of arts and crafts was the Hallstatt culture. This derived from the type-site situated in Salzkammergat (a salt mine region), near the village of Halstaat in Austria, and lasted from roughly 800 to 475 BCE.
Although centred around Austria, the Hallstatt culture spread across central Europe, divided into two zones: an eastern zone encompassing Slovakia, Western Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria and the Czech Republic; and a western zone which included Southern Germany, Switzerland, Northern Italy, and Eastern France. The Hallstatt culture was founded on its lucrative European-wide trade in salt, and iron implements, and its prosperity was fully reflected in the burial sites of its chieftains and wealthy nobility, which contained huge quantities of finely crafted artifacts, jewellery, pottery, tools and other objects.


Parallel algorithm for numerical solution of heat equation in complex cylindrical domain
12/08/2019
by A. Ayriyan, et al.
0
In this article we present a parallel algorithm for simulation of the heat conduction process inside the so-called pulse cryogenic cell. This simulation is important for designing the device for portion injection of working gases into ionization chamber of ion source. The simulation is based on the numerical solving of the quasilinear heat equation with periodic source in a multilayered cylindrical domain. For numerical solution the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method is used. Due to the non-linearity of the heat equation the simple-iteration method has been applied. In order to ensure convergence of the iteration process, the adaptive time-step has been implemented. The parallelization of the calculation has been realized with shared memory application programming interface OpenMP and the performance of the parallel algorithm is in agreement with the case studies in literature.
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text:
Introduction: This research article presents the results of the application of 62 indicators of transparency and access to public information to two Ecuadorian television corporations. Methods: The study uses a purpose-created panel of indicators divided into five blocks, following the method developed by the Infoparticipa project, for the analysis of the websites of Ecuavisa and TC Televisión. The results of the evaluation of the level of transparency of these corporations is available in the Infometro section of the online platform _URL_. Results: The selected media companies are not very transparent: the lowest scores were obtained in the identification of senior executives and the management of collective resources, while the highest scores were obtained in the area of information for participation. Discussion and conclusions: These types of organisations do not comply with the indicators of access to public information and transparency, despite having a broad regulatory development. These corporations do not disclose basic data and the information they do publish is often unclear, insufficient and inaccessible.
|Translated title of the contribution||Transparency and public information in Ecuadorian television corporations: The case of Ecuavisa and TC Televisión|
|Number of pages||26|
|Journal||Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social|
|Publication status||Published - 2018|


text:
Not exactly, no. In a microcoded processor, what happens is that the ISA is read by the processor and each instruction (and, potentially, some part of the current state of the processor, e.g. flags) is used as an index into a lookup table that determines what exactly the processor does. Each instruction is allowed to have multiple entries in that table that are then performed sequentially. No direct translation from the primary ISA to a "hardware language" is ever produced -- it's more a case of an extra level of indirection between the ISA and the hardware is used, with the contents of the microcode usually just being a bunch of signals that directly control the hardware of the processor (e.g. selecting the inputs to multiplexers, controlling when registers are written to, etc).
The real difference between this and a hardwired processor is that the microcode is written as a lookup table rather than the controls being generated by fixed logic. Of course, as we all know the two are actually logically equivalent, so in reality there's not much actual difference between the two.
Where a hardwired processor really differentiates itself from a microcoded one is that it is much easier to implement pipelining for a hardwired design, so most pipelined designs avoid using microcode as much as possible. This is made easier if the ISA doesn't specify many operations that need to be performed sequentially, which is where RISC comes in -- RISC instructions are generally different from CISC ones because they only do one thing, i.e. either access memory or perform calculations, whereas CISC architectures often do both in the same instruction. This makes designing a fixed pipeline for a RISC architecture much easier.


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Naomi Watts and Sophia Lillis are set to take lead roles in writer-director Claire McCarthy's drama Burning Season.
Adapted for the screen by writer-producer Jenny Halper and based on a short story by Laura Van Den Berg, Burning Season portrays a mother-daughter relationship set against the landscape of Madagascar, where nearly all local species are indigenous and endangered.
Primatologist June Engle (Watts) returns to a drought-stricken Madagascar in search of endangered species and is dragged along by teenage daughter Celia (Lillis), who uses the trip as a voyage of discovery.
Burning Season was developed by Halper and Kate Sharp via Daughter Films. The script was featured on the 2016 Black List.
Sharp and Halper will also produce the film, set to go into production in South Africa and Madagascar.
Watts is repped by CAA and Untitled Entertainment. McCarthy is repped by CAA and RGM.
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Sunlight hits the tracks.
Why does hot weather cause severe rail disruption?
Sunlight hits the tracks.
Soaring temperatures in the UK in July led to rail operators putting in place speed restrictions due to the risk of tracks buckling.
When do tracks buckle?
How does Network Rail prevent buckling?
Where a stretch of track is composed of short rail sections bolted together, gaps are left to allow for expansion.
Does this happen in other countries?
Network Rail said other nations choose a higher stress temperature limit for their tracks, depending on the climate.
Countries with extreme weather conditions adjust their tracks between summer and winter, the company said.
This can include inserting concrete slabs which can better contain track forces than sleepers and ballast.
Network Rail's website said that the "variations in short-term weather and long-term climate" in Britain mean "it is neither practical nor cost-effective" to implement such measures permanently.
It said solid concrete slab tracks costs about four times as much to install as standard ballasted track.
The company also said that stress-proofing Britain's rail track to the levels of hot countries would also create "the risk of increased tension on the rails in the winter".
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thunder-python 0.1.0
Large-scale neural data analysis in Spark
Latest Version: 1.4.2
Large-scale neural data analysis with Spark - project page
Thunder is a library for analyzing large-scale neural data. It's fast to run, easy to develop for, and can be run interactively. It is built on Spark, a new framework for cluster computing.
Thunder includes utilties for data loading and saving, and modular functions for time series statistics, matrix decompositions, and fitting algorithms. Analyses can easily be scripted or combined. It is written in Spark's Python API (Pyspark), making use of scipy, numpy, and scikit-learn. Experimental streaming analyses are availiable in Scala, and we plan to port some functionality to Scala in the future for improved performance.
Quick start
Thunder is designed to run on a cluster, but local testing is a great way to learn and develop. Many computers can install it with just a few simple steps. If you aren't currently using Python for scientific computing, Anaconda is highly recommended.
 1. Download the latest, pre-built version of Spark, and set one environmental variable
export SPARK_HOME=/your/path/to/spark
 1. Install Thunder
pip install thunder-python
 1. Start Thunder from the terminal
>> from thunder.utils import DataSets
>> from thunder.factorization import ICA
>> data = DataSets.make(sc, "ica")
>> model = ICA(k=2).fit(data)
To run in iPython, just set this environmental variable before staring:
export IPYTHON=1
To run analyses as standalone jobs, use the submit script
thunder-submit timeseries/stats
We also include a script for launching an Amazon EC2 cluster with Thunder presintalled
>> thunder-ec2 -k mykey -i mykey.pem -s launch
Thunder currently includes five packages: classification, clustering, factorization, regression, and timeseries, as well as an io package for loading and saving (see Input format and Output format), and a util package for utilities (like common matrix operations). Packages include scripts for running standalone analyses, but the underlying classes and functions can be used from within the PySpark shell for easy interactive analysis.
Input and output
Thunder is built around a commmon input format for raw neural data: a set of signals as key-value pairs, where the key is an identifier, and the value is a response time series. In imaging data, for example, each record would be a voxel or an ROI, the key an xyz coordinate, and the value a flouresence time series. This is a useful representation because most analyses parallelize across neural signals (i.e. across records).
These key-value records can, in principle, be stored in a variety of cluster-accessible formats, and it does not affect the core functionality (besides loading). Currently, the loading function assumes a text file input, where the rows are neural signals, and the columns are the keys and values, each number separated by space. Support for flat binary files is coming soon.
All metadata (e.g. parameters of the stimulus or behavior for regression analyses) can be provided as numpy arrays or loaded from MAT files, see relavant functions for more details.
Results can be visualized directly from the python shell ir iPython notebook, or saved as MAT files, text files, or images.
Road map
If you have other ideas or want to contribute, submit an issue or pull request!
 - New file formats for input data
 - Automatic extract-transform-load for more raw formats (e.g. raw images)
 - Analysis-specific visualizations
 - Unified metadata representation
 - Port versions of most common workflows to scala
File Type Py Version Uploaded on Size
thunder-python-0.1.0.tar.gz (md5) Source 2014-07-19 152KB


text:
Crystal Soil Ball for horticulture
Crystal soil balls that contain tiny holes (cannot be seen by bare eyes) that hold air and water droplets. Plant roots are able to absorb water from the crystal balls. Grow plants without the hassles of keeping dirt. Soil is dewatered for compact shipment and storage, simply add water to activate the little beads to turn them into crystal soil Odor free and insect free － ideal for indoor home/office desktop plants etc. Crystal soil can be a substitute for dirty soil.
The pictures shown are for reference only