text:
Q: Retrieving the paperless receipt from some retailers requires access to the Internet and email from the retailer's web site. Does this activity invite fraud, identity theft and privacy intrusions on the Web?
A: Some retailers and banks have started offering customers the option of having receipts, such as those from purchases or ATM transactions, emailed instead of receiving paper receipts.
E-receipts not only save retailers money, they eliminate the clutter of paper receipts and allows you to electronically file them away until they are needed for returns, warranties or taxes.
Retailers may offer e-receipts directly. You can enroll simply by providing your email address to which your receipt is sent, detailing transaction information.
There are also online companies that offer to organize and store digital receipts. You must create an account and provide your credit or debit card information, which the company uses to track transactions. After purchases, the company retrieves receipt information directly from retailers and stores it online.
While paperless receipts may offer savings for retailers and convenience to you, be sure you are aware of what else you could be receiving in your inbox. Along with receipts, businesses may send junk mail filled with surveys, coupons and other promotional offers. They may also use your information to build profiles on demographics and buying habits.
Having receipts emailed can also make you susceptible to phishing and other identity theft scams. Posing as retailers or banks, scammers may send emails claiming there are problems and request that you click their links to provide personal information, which is used to steal your identity.
If you are interested in paperless receipts, your Better Business Bureau advises you to:
- Find out how businesses keep your information secure.
- Determine if businesses sell your information to third-parties.
- Ask if you can opt out of receiving promotional emails.
- Use a separate email account for e-receipts.
- Ignore unsolicited emails requesting personal information.
- Never click on links or download documents from unfamiliar people or companies.
- Update anti-virus software and security patches to the system software regularly.
Paperless receipts may be ideal if you want to store receipts without the clutter. Be sure you know the details and protect yourself from identity theft and possible scams. Check companies out with your BBB by visiting _URL_ .
Get answers to your questions each Friday from Jim Winsett, president and CEO of the Better Business Bureau Inc., which serves Southeast Tennessee and Northwest Georgia. Submit questions to his attention by writing to Business Editor Dave Flessner, Chattanooga Times Free Press, P.O. Box 1447, Chattanooga, TN, 37401-1447, or by e-mailing him at dflessner@ timesfreepress.com.


text:
There are $12$ edges on a cube so there are $12$ winning lines along edges.
There are $6$ faces on a cube, and $4$ winning lines that pass through the middle of each face, so there are $24$ winning lines through the middle of faces.
Finally we need to consider the winning lines that go through the centre cube:
vertex to opposite vertex: $4$
middle of edge to middle of opposite edge: $6$
middle of face to middle of opposite face: $3$
In total, there are $12 + 24 + 4 + 6 + 3 = 49$ winning lines.
From a vertex there are $7$ other vertices that you can join to in order to make a winning line. $7 \times 8 = 56$ lines, but this counts each line from both ends, so there are $28$'vertex' winning lines.
From the middle of an edge there are $3$ other middles-of-edges that you can join to in order to make a winning line. $3 \times 12 = 36$ lines, but this counts each line from both ends so there are $18$'middle of edge' winning lines.
From the centre of each face there is one winning line, joining to the opposite face, so there are $3$ 'centre of face' winning lines.
So in total, there are $28 + 18 + 3 = 49$ winning lines.
On a plane there are $8$ winning lines.
In the cube, there are $3$ horizontal planes, so $8 \times 3 = 24$ winning lines.
There are also $3$ vertical planes going from left to right, but now with only $5$ new winning lines per plane, as the $3$ horizontal lines have already been counted. So $5 \times 3 = 15$ winning lines.
On the $3$ vertical planes going from front to back, we now only have $2$ new (diagonal) winning lines per plane. So $2 \times 3 = 6$ winning lines.
Finally, there are also diagonal planes to consider. There are $4$ winning lines going from corner to diagonally opposite corner.
In total, there are $24 + 15 + 6 + 4 = 49$ winning lines.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Context: Despite considerable evidence that window replacement reduces childhood lead exposure and improves energy conservation and market value, federal policies in childhood lead poisoning, home improvement, and weatherization programs all tend to discourage it.
Objective and intervention: To evaluate a state bond-financed pilot program that replaced old lead-contaminated windows with new lead-free energy efficient ones.
Design and setting: Pre-/post evaluation in 1 urban and 1 rural jurisdiction.
Participants: Low-income households (n = 96).
Main outcome measures: Dust wipe sampling, visual assessment, and physical and mental self-reported health at baseline and 1 year.
Results: Geometric mean lead dust (PbD) from baseline to 1 year for interior floors, interior sills, and exterior troughs declined by 44%, 88%, and 98%, respectively (P < .001); 1 year later, levels remained well below baseline but rose slightly compared with clearance sampling just after intervention. PbD declined significantly on both sills and troughs in both the urban and rural jurisdictions from baseline to 1 year. On interior floors, PbD significantly declined by 58% (P = .003) in the rural area and 25% (P = .38) in the urban area, where the decline did not reach statistical significance. Households reported improvements in uncomfortable indoor temperatures (P < .001) and certain health outcomes. Economic benefits were estimated at $5 912 219 compared with a cost of $3 451 841, resulting in a net monetary benefit of $2 460 378. Residents reported that they were "very satisfied" with the window replacement work (87%).
Conclusion: Local and state governments should fund and operate window replacement programs to eliminate a major source of childhood lead exposure, improve energy bills, increase home market value, and create local construction and industrial jobs. Federal agencies should encourage (not discourage) replacement of old windows contaminated with lead. In budget climates such as Illinois with reduced public expenditures, making wise investments such as lead-safe window replacement is more important than ever.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Folktale Unit: Paul Bunyan and the Big Blue Ox
Debbie Haren, Preschool Teacher
To learn about an old folktale and to learn new vocabulary.
Materials: Paul Bunyan
by Steven Kellogg
Shared Reading: Paul Bunyan
- Do we chop down trees the same way today as they did back then?
- What do we use use?
- Are there any big words in this book that you can tell me what they mean?
- How did the Ox help Paul?
- How did Paul and his friends get rid of the tree stumps?
- Who was Paul's male friend in the story?
- How did you feel about Paul chopping down all those trees?
- What is a pioneer?
We have read several different folk tales. I would like you to tell me which one is your favorite so far and why.
7 lessons for learning about folktales: What is a Fairy Tale or Folk Tale?, The Princess and the Golden Shoes, The Emperor and the Kite, Paul Bunyan, Pecos Bill, The True Story of the Three Little Pigs, and Johnny Appleseed.
Folktale Unit Ideas
Ideas to go with reading folktales.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The structural relationship between negative thermal expansion and quartic anharmonicity of cubic ScF3
|Date/Time:||Thursday, 19 Jan 2012 - Thursday, 19 Jan 2012|
|Location:||PHYSICS Room 5|
|Channel:||Condensed Matter Physics|
California Institute of Technology
Cubic scandium tri-fluoride (ScF3) has a large negative thermal expansion over a wide range of temperature. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments were performed with the ARCS spectrometer at the SNS to study the temperature dependence of the lattice dynamics of ScF3 from 7 to 750 K. The measured phonon densities of states show a large anharmonic contribution with a thermal stiffening of modes around 25meV. Phonon calculations with first-principles methods identified the individual modes in the DOS, and frozen phonon calculations showed that some of the modes with motions of F atoms transverse to their bond direction behave as quantum quartic oscillators. The quartic potential originates from harmonic interatomic forces in the DO9 structure of ScF3, and accounts for phonon stiffening with temperature and a significant part of the negative thermal expansion.


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Code of Ethics
The North Carolina Beach Buggy Association is a non-profit organization established in 1964, dedicated to the preservation of and vehicular access to the natural beach resources of the Outer Banks through conservation, a code of ethics for beach behavior and support of local, state, federal officials and other organizations dedicated to these same goals.
Our Code of Ethics:
- To enter and leave the beaches only at approved and designated places determined by local, state or federal ordinances.
- To discourage speeding and reckless driving on the beaches.
- To respect local, state and federal ordinances and the rights of property owners.
- To advise NCBBA members who are experiencing problems driving on the beaches.
- To respect persons bathing and picnicking by avoiding them whenever possible and by slowing down to a minimal speed when passing such groups.
- To avoid littering the beach with trash by depositing it in trash containers wherever available or by bagging and removing it from the beach.
- To avoid littering the beach with dead bait, carcasses, or other dead fish of any kind.
- To avoid overcrowding any one area and displacing anglers from their previously chosen spot.
- To leave room for other vehicles to pass safely when parked.
- To refill holes and remove boards or other aids after being stuck, leaving the beach passable for others.
- To observe common courtesy on the beach and observing the rules of the road when meeting or passing other vehicles in constricted areas.
- To remember, at all times, that the unspoiled beaches of all seashore areas afford pleasure to everyone, and it is incumbent upon us to preserve this natural heritage.


text:
Description: An overview of current mass casualty incident (MCI) patient tracking methods and their shortcomings as well as initiatives to improve patient tracking in MCI situations.
At the end of this presentation, participants will be able to:
- Describe different mass casualty incident (MCI) patient tracking methods that are currently used.
- Present alternate methods or initiatives aiming to provide improved patient tracking in MCI situation.
- The increased use of electronic Emergency Department patient information systems and other hospital electronic patient systems requires an investment in time and resources to develop adequate patient tracking methods in hospitals.
- The ideal patient tracking method will track patients from the scene of a MCI all the way to hospital discharge in real time and facilitate the search for family members & friends.


text:
If your child has drafted their holiday wish list, it's likely that some type of tech item is at or near the top. And there's a good chance that you'll purchase it—or another tech gift.
A recent survey of parents with kids between the ages of 2 and 10, found that more than half (54%) of parents plan to purchase or give a tech device to their children this holiday season. At the top of the list for all parents planning a tech purchase this holiday season are tablets. With all those tablet purchases, nearly 7 in 10 parents say they currently purchase or plan to purchase apps for their children.
To help parents navigate successful selection and use of apps for their kids, PBS KIDS is offering the following five tips:
- Think about what your child is passionate about. Look for content that builds on your child's excitement. Media should engage kids and spark their curiosity about the world around them.
- Distinguish what is truly educational. Consider whether the content of the app is curriculumand research-based. Mobile platforms can amplify learning gains for children.
- Develop a media plan for your family. A balanced media diet includes setting limits. This is also something for parents to keep in mind, too, as kids often model their parents' behavior.
- Play together. For kids two and up, apps are another opportunity to explore with your child. Talking with kids about the game or activity as you play offers both the opportunity to bond as a family and also identify teachable moments.
- Avoid apps that try to sell: Select apps from trusted, reliable sources, and make sure that they are not trying to market to your child.


Erroneous answer in greatest divisor algorithm
This is a discussion on Erroneous answer in greatest divisor algorithm within the C Programming forums, part of the General Programming Boards category; Hi All, I am writing a program to find the number between 1 and 100 that has the greatest number ...
 1. #1
 Registered User
 Join Date
 Jan 2012
 Posts
 69
 Erroneous answer in greatest divisor algorithm
 Hi All,
 I am writing a program to find the number between 1 and 100 that has the greatest number of distinct divisors. Below is my code for the same. It is returning an erroneous answer, i.e. 8 for greatest number of distinct divisors and 4 as the number for which the greatest divisors are occurring:
 Please point out modifications and mistakes. Thank you.
 Code:
 /*program to find a number in the range 1 to 100 that has the largest number of distinct divisors*/
 #include<stdio.h>
 #include<stdlib.h>
 #include<math.h>
 //this loop counts the number of distinct divisors

 int main()
 {
 int countstore[100]={0},result,i,j,num,halfnum,count=1,index;
 for(num=4;num<=100;num++)
 {
 halfnum=floor(num/2);
 count=1;
 for(i=2;i<=halfnum;i++)
 {
 if(num%i==0)
 {
 count+=1;
 }
 }
 for(j=1;j<=97;j++)
 {
 countstore[j]=count;
 }
 }

 //result stores the number of distinct divisors, index stores the number for which the greatest distinct divisors have been found

 result=0;
 for(i=1;i<=97;i++)
 {
 if(result<countstore[i])
 {
 result=countstore[i];
 index=i+3;
 }
 }
 printf("the integer between 0 and 100 with %d number of distinct divisors is %d",result,index);
 system("pause");
 return 0;
 }
 2. #2
 Registered User
 Join Date
 Jun 2010
 Location
 Michigan, USA
 Posts
 138
 On line 12, what is the type of the parameter to floor() function? What is the type of the expression num/2?
 What is the purpose of the loop on lines 21 through 24?
 What is the purpose of the variable index?
 3. #3
 Registered User
 Join Date
 May 2009
 Posts
 2,551
 FYI: Throwing away almost working code and starting from scratch is usually a bad idea.
 Erroneous answer in algorithm problem
 Edit: I have no plans to help you anymore; you do not seem to be learning from me.
 I will let one of the better people try to explain how to program to you.
 I have no idea how to get across the ideas that functions are good to a person who does not see it without me telling them.
 Tim S.
 Last edited by stahta01; 05-26-2012 at 07:48 AM.
 "Programming today is a race between software engineers striving to build bigger and better idiot-proof programs, and the universe trying to produce bigger and better idiots. So far, the Universe is winning." Rick Cook
 4. #4
 Registered User
 Join Date
 Jan 2012
 Posts
 69
 @Stahta,
 I haven't started from scratch:
 1. This is another problem, the previous one in the thread "Erroneous answer in algorithm problem" is solved, thanks to you.
 2. I earlier incorporated functions in this program, but later realized that since it is a single iteration problem, with known input and single output, I won't be needing functions.
 Thank you for your help!
 @pheininger
 Below are the answers to your question:
 On line 12, what is the type of the parameter to floor() function? What is the type of the expression num/2?
 1. The type of parameter to the floor function is integer, actually I realized that I don't need the floor function for conversion to integer as dividing by 2 automatically returns and integer answer.
 What is the purpose of the loop on lines 21 through 24?
 2. To store the count of number of exact divisor of each integer between 4 and 100. For example, for integer 4 the count should be 2. I just realized that i should be incrementing the index without using the for loop.
 What is the purpose of the variable index?
 3. Index stores the number for which the greatest number of distinct divisors have been found.
 Thanks for your help.
 5. #5
 Registered User
 Join Date
 Jun 2010
 Location
 Michigan, USA
 Posts
 138
 ...
 @pheininger
 Below are the answers to your question:
 On line 12, what is the type of the parameter to floor() function? What is the type of the expression num/2?
 1. The type of parameter to the floor function is integer, ...
 No, the type of the parameter to the floor() function is float. Your expression is an integer.
 What is the purpose of the loop on lines 21 through 24?
 2. To store the count of number of exact divisor of each integer between 4 and 100. For example, for integer 4 the count should be 2.
 I do not think the loop on lines 21 through 24 does anything close to what you said is your goal. It's purpose seems to be to store the current value of count in positions 1 through 97 of the countstore[ ] array . I cannot think of any reason why you would want to do that.
 I just realized that i should be incrementing the index without using the for loop.
 I do not know why you need to "be incrementing the index" but yes are right about "without using the for loop." Or that specific for loop.
 What is the purpose of the variable index?
 3. Index stores the number for which the greatest number of distinct divisors have been found.
 I am not sure you are wrong, but I am not sure you are right. Since you seem to be indexing into countstore[ ] with two different bases.
 Another set of questions:
 How many positions are there in the countstore[ ] array?
 What is the smallest index into the countstore[ ] array?
 What is the largest index into the countstore[ ] array?
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text:
PONy Dyes – Fluorescent Dyes with Phosphorus Substituents
Imaging and Microscopy
While searching for new fluorophores suitable for nanoscale imaging of intracellular targets, various organic dyes with electrophilic conjugated systems were found to react with nucleophilic phosphorus(III) reagents (see figure 1) to form phos-phonylated leuco bases. Upon oxidation, these intermediates provide new fluorophores (PONy dyes) with red-shifted absorption and emission
maxima and increased Stokes shifts as compared to the precursor dyes. The versatility of phosphorus addition at the sp2-carbon, combined with the wide availability of functionally substituted P(III) reagents, offers an extended array of conceivable PONy dyes with broadly varying properties (for examples, see table 1).
Comparison of the UV-vis spectra indicates that PONy dyes absorb and emit at longer wavelengths and possess larger Stokes shifts than the parent dyes. Additionally, PONy dyes are particularly attractive due to their low molecular masses (typically M < 500 Da) and orange to near-infrared emission. These dyes can be prepared in cationic or zwitterionic forms, making them promising candidates for the development of cell-permeant fluorescent markers for living cells. The fluorescence lifetimes of PONy dyes vary and generally do not exceed 3 ns. Their sensitivity to the nature of the solvent may allow using the PONy-derived probes in fluorescence lifetime imaging or as polarity sensors. Example structures for different PONy dye classes are given in figure 2.
The versatility of the proposed transformation is demonstrated by the facile functionalizations of the commercial fluorophores Atto 495 and Pyronin Y. Using the phosphinylation/oxidation chemistry, Atto 495 was converted into an orange emitting dye A1 applicable in immunolabelling (figure 2). Pyronin Y gave dye P1. Additionally, the red-emitting coumarin dye C7 with huge Stokes shift was prepared. The transformations required only few synthetic steps and provided functional derivatives of the PONy dyes (e. g., A1 and P1) in zwitterionic form with a very short charge separation distance – which is known to favour intact membrane permeability in living cells.
- neutral or zwitterionic dyes with a very short charge separation
- low molecular mass and compact structures
- bathochromic and bathofluoric shifts of absorption and emission bands
- possibility to introduce additional functional groups
- increased Stokes shifts with sufficient emission efficiency
EP patent application filed in February 2017.
US patent application filed in February 2018.
- Ref.-No.: 0707-5297-BC (434.9 KiB)
Dr. Bernd Ctortecka, M. Phil.
Phone: +49 89 / 29 09 19-20


text:
A portable basketball goal can provide you and your family with the same amount of fun as an in-ground basketball system with much less hassle. Portable basketball goals come with a hollow base for support, so there is no need to worry about digging a hole or pouring concrete to secure the pole. Since portable basketball goals are free standing, they do require a secure base to ensure that the basket does not tip over and cause injury or damage.
Filling Your Base With Water
Many basketball goals come with 35 gallon bases that can be filled to ensure that it doesn't shift or fall during use or bad weather. Water is the simplest choice, as it is easily accessible to most homes. To quickly secure the basketball goal, use a hose to fill the base completely.
Filling Your Base With Sand
Filling the base with sand is the option suggested by most portable basketball goal manufacturers for a number of reasons. Most importantly, sand is much more dense and heavier than water, and therefore can create a more sturdy foundation for your basketball hoop. Sand weighs just over 13 pounds per gallon while water weighs just over 8, making it the more efficient and reliable option.
Making The Right Choice
Both sand and water will work, and both have their advantages and disadvantages. Water is likely more readily available. Sand is more expensive and filling your base with it can be a messy job, but it is more effective. Basketball hoop manufacturers warn against keeping water in the base during the winter months when there is a possibility it could freeze and damage the base. Water also evaporates, creating more of a danger of your hoop shifting or falling due to a lack of stability. Furthermore, a leak of sand will be much easier to spot.
A Word of Warning
Safety is the most important concern when determining how to anchor your basketball goal, and all basketball goal manufacturers warn against placing bricks, bags of sand or concrete on top of the base. Choosing to do this rather than taking the time to fill the base can cause lead to damage from the hoop falling, or serious injury to the people using the goal.
- Thinkstock/Comstock/Getty Images


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Harthcnt silver penny
Hardicanute, King of England and Denmark, was the son of Cnut, and succeeded his father on the Danish throne in 1039; and at the same time laid claim to that of England, which had devolved to his half-brother, Harold. A compromise was effected, by which he governed the southern part of the kingdom during Harold's life, and succeeded to the whole on his death. His conduct was violent and tyrannical; he revived the odious tax called Danegelt; and his subjects rejoiced at his early death, which happened in 1041.
Monetary System
AR Silver Penny
Monetary History of the World
© Martin A. Armstrong


text:
hydration, exercise, and behavior, you can help ensure they stay healthy and happy.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it safe for hamsters to consume any type of fish?
Not all types of fish are safe for hamsters to eat. Some fish contain high levels of mercury, which can be toxic to hamsters. Additionally, raw fish carries a risk of bacterial contamination that can cause illness in hamsters.
What are the risks of feeding raw fish to hamsters?
Feeding your hamster raw fish can expose them to harmful bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli. These bacteria can cause illness and even death in hamsters. Raw fish may also contain parasites that can infect your hamster and cause health problems.
Can hamsters have seafood like tuna or cod?
Small amounts of cooked tuna or cod can be given to hamsters as an occasional treat. However, it is important to note that these fish are high in mercury and should not be given to hamsters regularly.
Are processed fish products, such as smoked or dried fish, harmful to hamsters?
Processed fish products, such as smoked or dried fish, are not recommended for hamsters. These products often contain high levels of salt, which can be harmful to hamsters. Additionally, some smoked fish may contain harmful chemicals that can be toxic to hamsters.
What types of protein sources are recommended for hamsters?
Hamsters require a diet that is high in protein. Good sources of protein for hamsters include cooked chicken, turkey, and eggs. Small amounts of cooked beef and pork can also be given to hamsters as a treat.
Which foods are considered toxic or dangerous for hamsters to eat?
Some foods that are toxic or dangerous for hamsters to eat include chocolate, caffeine, onions, garlic, and avocado. Additionally, fruits and vegetables that are high in sugar or have a high water content should be given to hamsters in moderation.


text:
Vision Statement: To cultivate a collaborative effort to improve the quality and breadth of community-based obesity prevention.
What is a Community-based Obesity Prevention Initiative?
CO-OPS defines community-based obesity prevention initiatives as initiatives that seek to promote healthy eating and physical activity, in a way that would be expected to influence energy balance thus contributing to the prevention of obesity at the population level. The type of initiatives or programs that the CO-OPS Collaboration focuses on are those that consider the socio-cultural and environmental determinants of obesity within a setting or population group, rather than those with a focus solely on individual behaviour change or weight loss (treatment).
CO-OPS includes practitioners, funders and evaluators of programs which have obesity prevention as part of their objectives as well as healthy eating and physical activity programs which contribute to obesity prevention.
The CO-OPS Collaboration acknowledges that there are a range of different interventions throughout Australia of varying size and scope, each with an important role in community-based obesity prevention. The CO-OPS Collaboration aims to develop resources and support systems that account for these differences.
Knowledge translation and exchange
The CO-OPS Collaboration has employed a Knowledge Broker who is available to CO-OPS sites to assist with advice and support and facilitate the knowledge translation process.
CO-OPS aims to harness the use of research and evidence to improve the planning, implementation and evaluation of community-based obesity prevention initiatives.
CO-OPS endeavours to create a support system that will accelerate the use of knowledge, evidence and evaluation by those involved in community-based obesity prevention.
We aim to effectively share information and evidence with participating sites through a wide variety of communications including:
- Publish and communicate widely (including through scientific conferences, journals and the media) on best practices approaches to community-based obesity prevention;
- Provision of on-going support and advice services for new community-based projects;
- Maintenance of an up to date evidence-based website, training tools and resources;
- Provision of online facilitated forums;
- Review of previous best practices to ensure currency and validity;
- Development of evidence-based summaries of community-based projects; and
- Maintenance of continuous knowledge sharing capabilities.


TY - JOUR T1 - A Study of RMBS Litigation Cases of Six Major U.S. Banks JF - The Journal of Structured Finance SP - 91 LP - 99 DO - 10.3905/jsf.2017.23.3.091 VL - 23 IS - 3 AU - Ruddy, John A. AU - Rajan, Murli AU - Petsas, Iordanis Y1 - 2017/10/31 UR - _URL_ N2 - Prior to the financial crisis of 2008–2009, banks engaged in activities related to mortgages and mortgage-backed securities that caused financial losses to investors. This resulted in a wave of residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) litigation. Investors and U.S. government entities filed hundreds of lawsuits in federal court in the years during and after the credit crisis. In this research, the authors consider 43 settlements of RMBS litigation pertaining to major U.S. banks. First, they provide a chronology of major events in the history of RMBS litigation. Second, using a unique dataset, they quantify the impact and involvement of such litigation on major U.S. banks, U.S. government agencies, and other entities. There are two important findings: U.S. banks were not equally impacted, and RMBS settlements were not equally distributed among the various plaintiffs. Third, the authors provide a breakdown of the litigation by year of settlement. They show that litigation settlement activity increased in 2013 and 2014 but declined during the period 2014–2016.TOPICS: MBS and residential mortgage loans, financial crises and financial market history ER -


text:
|Agricultural Expansion and Pioneer Settlements in the Humid Tropics (UNU, 1988, 305 pages)|
|16. Organized settlement on the Amazon frontier: The Caquetá project in Colombia|
The Caquetá Project was implemented in phases. Phases I and II overlap geographically, covering an area of 1.8 million ha. The first phase was begun in 1969 and the second in 1975. Given the fact that at the beginning of Phase I the area had already been partially subjected to spontaneous settlement by peasant farmers who had migrated from the adjacent inter-Andean valleys between 1958 and 1965, the Phase I project can be characterized as "an effort to stabilize settlers who might otherwise become itinerant slash and burn farmers." Thus Phase I was justified both socially and economically on the basis of contributing to stabilize a low income population by providing it with a mix of capital, technology, transport and social infrastructure, designed to generate and consolidate a production process based on the establishment of extensive livestock production farms.
Since environmental considerations were of little importance at the time (the environmental protection agency, INDERENA-National Institute for Renewable Natural Resources-was created in 1968) and because the fragile nature of the area's soils was not well known, Phase I and both its economic and environmental results cannot be taken as a model project for the evaluation purposes of this paper. PhaseII, on the other hand, merely a geographical continuation and repetition of the mistakes of Phase I, was prepared at a time when preliminary economic results from the first groups of beneficiaries of Phase I were coming out and when the environmental effects of the land use changes induced by the production model selected were already beginning to take their toll.
For these reasons, I will draw most of my observations and preliminary conclusions from the experiences of the recently concluded Phase II of the Caquetá Project.


text:
© (Photo: Brian McInnis/The Guardian)
Georgia and Max Bambauer of Cornwall try some haskap berries they picked during a field day in Cornwall, Prince Edward Island June 23.
About 50 people gathered at an open house event held on Linwood Road in Clyde River to pick the blue honey suckle berry, also known as HASKAP. They picked, tasted, and then enjoyed them over vanilla ice cream.
Some said the new berry tasted like a mix between raspberries and blueberries, and others said they thought they tasted like plums. Everybody has a different taste bud, so everybody has a different taste preference, said Marie Sullivan, a lab manager who works for Phytocultures.
Controlling the weeds around the bush is critical. The berries do not appear to be targeted by many insects, but birds are known to enjoy them just as much as people. The berries will likely grow in most regions of Canada and in the northern part of the United States. They excel in better quality soils. However, the plants need two different varieties in one garden in order to successfully pollinate the berries, just like apples.
The plants can grow anywhere from 1.5-2 meters tall and 1.5 meters wide. There are a number of ways to eat these berries such as freshly off the bush, in jams, juices, in wines, pastry fillings, or can be incorporated with ice cream or yogurt.


Surgical Guides to get it right
A virtual surgery plan is only valuable when you can translate it to the OR. An effective way to do so is by using surgical guides. A surgical guide is a small customized tool made from a sterilisable material that can be used for short-term in a patient and that guides your saw and/or drill in the planned direction. On request we can assist you with a full pre-operative surgical planning, including the cutting planes and drill holes and their respective angles. To transfer this plan to the actual procedure, we design surgical (cutting) guides. The surgical guide fits exactly on a predetermined part of the patient's bone, making sure you cut and drill at the right place, under the right angle (and to the right depth).

Guides can be used in any kind of surgery (osteotomies), but are often used for mandible reconstruction with an autologous bone graft (fibula or iliac crest) or for meningioma resection. To illustrate we present here a mandible resection and reconstruction case using an iliac crest graft and below a similar mandible reconstruction with a fibula graft.
Case 1: Mandible resection and reconstruction with iliac crest
Segmental resection of the mandible followed by (free flap) mandible reconstruction with autologous bone is a delicate procedure that can benefit from careful 3D surgical planning. From a CT-scan, accurate 3D bone models can be generated, which can be used in surgical planning software. You don't need to invest money to buy, or time to learn this software, but our biomedical engineers can do this with you. Together we define the cutting planes and make a virtual resection of the mandible. Then we find the optimal position of the iliac crest within the resected mandible to achieve a good mandible reconstruction. To accurately transfer the planning to the operating room, customized surgical cutting guides are then designed by our engineers and 3D printed. These cutting guides ensure that the resection of the mandible and the resection of the bone from the donor site (here the iliac crest) are executed precisely according to plan.
Two surgical cutting guides are designed and 3D printed in polyamide. These cutting guides fit perfectly on the mandible and the pelvis in only one orientation and indicate the outline of the planned resection area. Based on the surgeons preference, the cutting guides are either equipped with slots to cut through (see the mandible guide on the left) or with flanges to cut along (see the pelvis cutting guide on the right). The guides can be fixated onto the bone with several screws.
When you approve the planning and design, the cutting guides are produced by a professional 3D printer (Selective Laser Sintering) according to our protocol for medical production (conform ISO 13485). Afterwards they are thoroughly cleaned, packed and shipped. The guides will be delivered to the hospital on the day requested by the surgeon, but the latest one day before surgery, so they can be sterilized. The polyamide cutting guides can easily be sterilized using an autoclave and sterilization guidelines are provided. Optionally, an accurate anatomical model of the resected mandible can be provided for prebending of the osteosynthesis plates.

During surgery the bone is exposed and the cutting guides will fit perfectly on the mandible and iliac crest, allowing resection of the mandible according to plan. The resected part of the iliac crest can be positioned in the defect of the mandible and deep circumflex iliac artery and vein can be connected to vessels in the neck to provide blood supply. Then the (prebent or standard) osteosynthesis plate(s) can be used to fixate all the parts together.
The surgeon was very pleased with the result as seen on the postoperative CT scan. The esthetic outcome made the patient smile again.
Case 2: Mandible reconstruction with fibula

Backward planning
A pre-operative virtual planning and the associated surgical guide(s) will assist you to drill and saw in the right direction, according to plan.
"Backward" planning can be used to find the best position of the bony parts. You start by predefining the optimal position of the mandibula, which determines the void that needs to be bridged by the bone graft.
Dislocated mandibula
Virtual repositioning
Optimal mandibula position
Matching the fibula to "bridge the gap"
Using a Computed Tomography (CT) scan of one of the legs, the necessary bony shape can be virtually matched from the patient's fibula.
Necessary fibula segments

The cutting guide
The guide is designed in such way that it matches the patient's anatomy perfectly and only fits on the region determined above. For the surgeon to know where to open the patient's leg, we can indicate the approximate position, in centimeters distance from the ankle point. This is done by engraving a number in the guide, number 13 in the example below.
Cutting
Cutting along the four angular planes will create the two pieces of fibula needed for the mandibula reconstruction.
Graft
Now you have two perfect graft pieces, ready to be placed.
Placing
The fibula pieces match the jaw and each other.
Fixating
Together, they make the right angle.


text:
breaker rebate of $500 ($6,500 minus $6,000, which is 6 percent of $100,000).
- Kate usually makes $65,000 a year and pays $1,000 in property taxes (1.5 percent of her income) on her Gainesville home, but she loses her job in February. With unemployment insurance, her total income for the year is $20,000. Although she would not usually be eligible for a circuit breaker, she now qualifies for a $200 rebate ($1,000 minus $800, which is 4 percent of $20,000).
Who Would Receive the Benefit?
If this circuit breaker had been in effect in 2005, the following groups of Floridians would have been eligible for a credit:
- About 53 percent of households earning less than $60,000;
- About 12 percent of households earning between $60,000 and $100,000; and
- About 6 percent of households earning between $100,000 and $150,000.
How Much Would a Circuit Breaker Cost?
A circuit breaker of the design illustrated above would likely cost significantly less than $1 billion a year in the first several years after implementation.
Experience from other states suggests that a strong outreach campaign is necessary to inform eligible households about the program and encourage them to apply. The state, localities, or nonprofit organizations can engage in such outreach. If outreach is particularly successful, costs could increase in future years.
Can Florida Administer a Circuit Breaker?
States typically use one of three mechanisms to deliver property tax circuit breakers: a direct rebate check, an income tax credit, or a credit for future property tax bills. Since Florida does not have a personal income tax, the program would have to be administered as a direct state rebate. Half of the states with circuit breakers administer their programs through a direct state rebate. In these states, applicants must either attach a copy of their federal tax returns or other income-related documents, or sign an affidavit stating that their income information is true and correct. Florida could require similar documentation.
Florida legislators should use a circuit breaker to create a fair and targeted property tax system and to address property tax discord. Such a program can provide meaningful assistance to lowand middle-income Floridians.
 CBPP analysis of 2005 Census American Community Survey data. Since the legislature rolled back property taxes to their 2005 level, this data is a reasonable reflection of the current situation.
 CBPP analysis of 2005 Census American Community Survey data.
 These states are Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia.
 For more information, see Karen Lyons, Sarah Farkas, and Nicholas Johnson, "The Property Tax Circuit Breaker: An Introduction and Survey of Current Programs," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, March 21, 2007, _URL_
 Please note this information reflects Census American Community Survey data from 2005. Property taxes in Florida have increased somewhat since then. This is the most recent available data on individual property tax payments. This is the most recent available data on individual property tax payments. Since the legislature rolled back property taxes to their 2005 level, this data is a reasonable reflection of the current situation.
 According to the 2005 American Housing Survey, 31 percent of all households in the U.S. are renters, while 57.4 percent of households in poverty are renters. Table 2-1, 2005 American Housing Survey, US Census Bureau (_URL_
 CBPP analysis of 2005 Census American Community Survey data.
 If every eligible household had successfully applied for this circuit breaker credit, the program would have cost roughly $2 billion dollars in 2005. However, participation in programs such as these rarely reaches 100 percent. In fact, participation often reaches only 50 percent a few years after the program's inception. This does not mean such a program is ineffective, but rather that it can be improved. It is extremely important to those households that do claim it. If the circuit breaker is used in conjunction with other property tax relief mechanisms, such as an expanded homestead exemption, its cost would be lower than the $1 billion estimate.


Documentation for /proc/sys/vm/* kernel version 2.2.10 (c) 1998, 1999, Rik van Riel For general info and legal blurb, please look in README. ============================================================== This file contains the documentation for the sysctl files in /proc/sys/vm and is valid for Linux kernel version 2.2. The files in this directory can be used to tune the operation of the virtual memory (VM) subsystem of the Linux kernel and the writeout of dirty data to disk. Default values and initialization routines for most of these files can be found in mm/swap.c. Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/vm: - overcommit_memory - page-cluster - dirty_ratio - dirty_background_ratio - dirty_expire_centisecs - dirty_writeback_centisecs - max_map_count - min_free_kbytes - laptop_mode - block_dump - drop-caches - zone_reclaim_mode - min_unmapped_ratio - min_slab_ratio - panic_on_oom ============================================================== dirty_ratio, dirty_background_ratio, dirty_expire_centisecs, dirty_writeback_centisecs, vfs_cache_pressure, laptop_mode, block_dump, swap_token_timeout, drop-caches: See Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt ============================================================== overcommit_memory: This value contains a flag that enables memory overcommitment. When this flag is 0, the kernel attempts to estimate the amount of free memory left when userspace requests more memory. When this flag is 1, the kernel pretends there is always enough memory until it actually runs out. When this flag is 2, the kernel uses a "never overcommit" policy that attempts to prevent any overcommit of memory. This feature can be very useful because there are a lot of programs that malloc() huge amounts of memory "just-in-case" and don't use much of it. The default value is 0. See Documentation/vm/overcommit-accounting and security/commoncap.c::cap_vm_enough_memory() for more information. ============================================================== overcommit_ratio: When overcommit_memory is set to 2, the committed address space is not permitted to exceed swap plus this percentage of physical RAM. See above. ============================================================== page-cluster: The Linux VM subsystem avoids excessive disk seeks by reading multiple pages on a page fault. The number of pages it reads is dependent on the amount of memory in your machine. The number of pages the kernel reads in at once is equal to 2 ^ page-cluster. Values above 2 ^ 5 don't make much sense for swap because we only cluster swap data in 32-page groups. ============================================================== max_map_count: This file contains the maximum number of memory map areas a process may have. Memory map areas are used as a side-effect of calling malloc, directly by mmap and mprotect, and also when loading shared libraries. While most applications need less than a thousand maps, certain programs, particularly malloc debuggers, may consume lots of them, e.g., up to one or two maps per allocation. The default value is 65536. ============================================================== min_free_kbytes: This is used to force the Linux VM to keep a minimum number of kilobytes free. The VM uses this number to compute a pages_min value for each lowmem zone in the system. Each lowmem zone gets a number of reserved free pages based proportionally on its size. ============================================================== percpu_pagelist_fraction This is the fraction of pages at most (high mark pcp->high) in each zone that are allocated for each per cpu page list. The min value for this is 8. It means that we don't allow more than 1/8th of pages in each zone to be allocated in any single per_cpu_pagelist. This entry only changes the value of hot per cpu pagelists. User can specify a number like 100 to allocate 1/100th of each zone to each per cpu page list. The batch value of each per cpu pagelist is also updated as a result. It is set to pcp->high/4. The upper limit of batch is (PAGE_SHIFT * 8) The initial value is zero. Kernel does not use this value at boot time to set the high water marks for each per cpu page list. =============================================================== zone_reclaim_mode: Zone_reclaim_mode allows to set more or less agressive approaches to reclaim memory when a zone runs out of memory. If it is set to zero then no zone reclaim occurs. Allocations will be satisfied from other zones / nodes in the system. This is value ORed together of 1 = Zone reclaim on 2 = Zone reclaim writes dirty pages out 4 = Zone reclaim swaps pages zone_reclaim_mode is set during bootup to 1 if it is determined that pages from remote zones will cause a measurable performance reduction. The page allocator will then reclaim easily reusable pages (those page cache pages that are currently not used) before allocating off node pages. It may be beneficial to switch off zone reclaim if the system is used for a file server and all of memory should be used for caching files from disk. In that case the caching effect is more important than data locality. Allowing zone reclaim to write out pages stops processes that are writing large amounts of data from dirtying pages on other nodes. Zone reclaim will write out dirty pages if a zone fills up and so effectively throttle the process. This may decrease the performance of a single process since it cannot use all of system memory to buffer the outgoing writes anymore but it preserve the memory on other nodes so that the performance of other processes running on other nodes will not be affected. Allowing regular swap effectively restricts allocations to the local node unless explicitly overridden by memory policies or cpuset configurations. ============================================================= min_unmapped_ratio: This is available only on NUMA kernels. A percentage of the total pages in each zone. Zone reclaim will only occur if more than this percentage of pages are file backed and unmapped. This is to insure that a minimal amount of local pages is still available for file I/O even if the node is overallocated. The default is 1 percent. ==============================


text: Water body movements in bays and seas should also be determined for the solution of many engineering problems. This study aims to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of the movements of the water body in Ayvalik Bay, one of the most important touristic coastal zones of Turkey with a great number of islands. Ayvalik Bay is located in the Ayvalik county of the province of Balikesir in the northern part of the Aegean Sea in Turkey. For this aim site measurements and numerical model studies have been carried out. In order to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of Ayvalik Bay, AQUASEA model was used. Model verification and various scenarios tests were carried out. The output of this project will be basis of pollution studies in Ayvalik Bay. The effects of landfill road (between Ayvalik and Dolap Island) on water circulation could be seen and necessary suggestions were presented. The results of this study would be an important input in the contamination prevention efforts for the sustainable use of the Ayvalik Bay. Knowledge about the interaction between the water body movements and the environmental conditions is crucial for future planning and solution of engineering problems.


text:
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Abdominal Obesity and Mobility Disability in Older Adults: A 4-Year Follow-Up of the International Mobility in Aging Study
- Fernandes de Souza Barbosa, Juliana, dos Santos Gomes, C., Vilton Costa, J., Ahmed, T., Zunzunegui, M. V., Curcio, C.-L., Gomez, F., Oliveira Guerra, R.
- The journal of nutrition, health & aging 2018 v.22 no.10 pp. _PHONE_
- accounting, education, elderly, equations, gait, men, mental depression, mortality, obesity, observational studies, waist circumference, walking, women
- BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity is related to the disability process in older adults, however, little is known about this relationship when adjusted for important confounders such as depression and physical performance measures in a diverse international aged population. OBJECTIVES: To explore the longitudinal relationship between abdominal obesity and mobility disability controlling for physical performance and depression. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal observational study using data from the International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS) Study. PARTICIPANTS: 1104 out of 2002 older adults aged 64–74 years old free of mobility disability at baseline (2012) and then reassessed in 2016. MEASUREMENTS: Mobility disability was defined as reporting difficulty in walking 400 m or climbing stairs. Activities of daily living (ADL) disability was based on any self-reported difficulty in five mobility-related ADLs. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 88cm for women or ≥ 102 cm for men. Four meters gait speed, handgrip strength and depressive symptoms (CES-D) were assessed. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and multinomial regressions were used to estimate associations between disability and abdominal obesity. RESULTS: 1104 free of disability participants were followed over 4 years, the mean age was 68.9 (±2.9) years among men and 68.7 (±2.6) years among women. Prevalence and incidence rates of mobility disability varied widely across research site and sex. The longitudinal associations between mobility disability and abdominal obesity remained significant even when adjusted by depressive symptoms, handgrip strength, gait speed, age, sex, education and research site. Participants with abdominal obesity had higher mobility disability (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.23-1.76, p-value=0.01) and also increased risk for ADL disability (OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.23-1.76, p-value=0.01). Abdominal obesity in baseline was also predictor of mobility disability in 2016 (OR: 1.93, 95% CI 1.17-3.17, p-value <0.01) but not for ADL disability (OR: 1.59, 95% CI 0.93-2.71, p-value =0.09) with accounting mortality. CONCLUSION: Abdominal obesity is associated longitudinally and predicts mobility disability, even over a short period (4 years) in community-dwelling older adults from different epidemiological contexts.


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In-Memory Database vs. In-Memory Data Grid By @GridGain | @CloudExpo [#BigData]
It's easy to start with technical differences between the two categories
A few months ago, I spoke at the conference where I explained the difference between caching and an in-memory data grid. Today, having realized that many people are also looking to better understand the difference between two major categories in in-memory computing: In-Memory Database and In-Memory Data Grid, I am sharing the succinct version of my thinking on this topic - thanks to a recent analyst call that helped to put everything in place :)
TL;DR
Skip to conclusion to get the bottom line.
Nomenclature
Let's clarify the naming and buzzwords first. In-Memory Database (IMDB) is a well-established category name and it is typically used unambiguously.
It is important to note that there is a new crop of traditional databases with serious In-Memory "options". That includes MS SQL 2014, Oracle's Exalytics and Exadata, and IBM DB2 with BLU offerings. The line is blurry between these and the new pure In-Memory Databases, and for the simplicity I'll continue to call them In-Memory Databases.
In-Memory Data Grids (IMDGs) are sometimes (but not very frequently) called In-Memory NoSQL/NewSQL Databases. Although the latter can be more accurate in some case - I am going to use the In-Memory Data Grid term in this article, as it tends to be the more widely used term.
Note that there are also In-Memory Compute Grids and In-Memory Computing Platforms that include or augment many of the features of In-Memory Data Grids and In-Memory Databases.
Confusing, eh? It is... and for consistency - going forward we'll just use these terms for the two main categories:
 - In-Memory Database
 - In-Memory Data Grid
Tiered Storage
It is also important to nail down what we mean by "In-Memory". Surprisingly - there's a lot of confusion here as well as some vendors refer to SSDs, Flash-on-PCI, Memory Channel Storage, and, of course, DRAM as "In-Memory".
In reality, most vendors support a Tiered Storage Model where some portion of the data is stored in DRAM (the fastest storage but with limited capacity) and then it gets overflown to a verity of flash or disk devices (slower but with more capacity) - so it is rarely a DRAM-only or Flash-only product. However, it's important to note that most products in both categories are often biased towards mostly DRAM or mostly flash/disk storage in their architecture.
Bottom line is that products vary greatly in what they mean by "In-Memory" but in the end they all have a significant "In-Memory" component.
Technical Differences
It's easy to start with technical differences between the two categories.
Most In-Memory Databases are your father's RDBMS that store data "in memory" instead of disk. That's practically all there's to it. They provide good SQL support with only a modest list of unsupported SQL features, shipped with ODBC/JDBC drivers and can be used in place of existing RDBMS often without significant changes.
In-Memory Data Grids typically lack full ANSI SQL support but instead provide MPP-based (Massively Parallel Processing) capabilities where data is spread across large cluster of commodity servers and processed in explicitly parallel fashion. The main access pattern is key/value access, MapReduce, various forms of HPC-like processing, and a limited distributed SQL querying and indexing capabilities.
It is important to note that there is a significant crossover from In-Memory Data Grids to In-Memory Databases in terms of SQL support. GridGain, for example, provides pretty serious and constantly growing support for SQL including pluggable indexing, distributed joins optimization, custom SQL functions, etc.
Speed Only vs. Speed + Scalability
One of the crucial differences between In-Memory Data Grids and In-Memory Databases lies in the ability to scale to hundreds and thousands of servers. That is the In-Memory Data Grid's inherent capability for such scale due to their MPP architecture, and the In-Memory Database's explicit inability to scale due to fact that SQL joins, in general, cannot be efficiently performed in a distribution context.
It's one of the dirty secrets of In-Memory Databases: one of their most useful features, SQL joins, is also is their Achilles heel when it comes to scalability. This is the fundamental reason why most existing SQL databases (disk or memory based) are based on vertically scalable SMP (Symmetrical Processing) architecture unlike In-Memory Data Grids that utilize the much more horizontally scalable MPP approach.
It's important to note that both In-Memory Data Grids and In-Memory Database can achieve similar speed in a local non-distributed context. In the end - they both do all processing in memory.
But only In-Memory Data Grids can natively scale to hundreds and thousands of nodes providing unprecedented scalability and unrivaled throughput.
Replace Database vs. Change Application
Apart from scalability, there is another difference that is important for uses cases where In-Memory Data Grids or In-Memory Database are tasked with speeding up existing systems or applications.
An In-Memory Data Grid always works with an existing database providing a layer of massively distributed in-memory storage and processing between the database and the application. Applications then rely on this layer for super-fast data access and processing. Most In-Memory Data Grids can seamlessly read-through and write-through from and to databases, when necessary, and generally are highly integrated with existing databases.
In exchange - developers need to make some changes to the application to take advantage of these new capabilities. The application no longer "talks" SQL only, but needs to learn how to use MPP, MapReduce or other techniques of data processing.
In-Memory Databases provide almost a mirror opposite picture: they often requirereplacing your existing database (unless you use one of those In-Memory "options" to temporary boost your database performance) - but will demand significantly less changes to the application itself as it will continue to rely on SQL (albeit a modified dialect of it).
In the end, both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, and they may often depend in part on organizational policies and politics as much as on their technical merits.
Conclusion
The bottom line should be pretty clear by now.
If you are developing a green-field, brand new system or application the choice is pretty clear in favor of In-Memory Data Grids. You get the best of the two worlds: you get to work with the existing databases in your organization where necessary, and enjoy tremendous performance and scalability benefits of In-Memory Data Grids - both of which are highly integrated.
If you are, however, modernizing your existing enterprise system or application the choice comes down to this:
You will want to use an In-Memory Database if the following applies to you:
 - You can replace or upgrade your existing disk-based RDBMS
 - You cannot make changes to your applications
 - You care about speed, but don't care as much about scalability
In other words - you boost your application's speed by replacing or upgrading RDBMS without significantly touching the application itself.
On the other hand, you want to use an In-Memory Data Grid if the following applies to you:
 - You cannot replace your existing disk-based RDBMS
 - You can make changes to (the data access subsystem of) your application
 - You care about speed and especially about scalability, and don't want to trade one for the other
In other words - with an In-Memory Data Grid you can boost your application's speed and provide massive scale by tweaking the application, but without making changes to your existing database.
It can be summarized it in the following table:
In-Memory Data GridIn-Memory Database
Existing Application Changed Unchanged
Existing RDBMS Unchanged Changed or Replaced
Speed Yes Yes
Max. Scalability Yes No
More Stories By Nikita Ivanov
Nikita Ivanov is founder and CEO of GridGain Systems, started in 2007 and funded by RTP Ventures and Almaz Capital. Nikita has led GridGain to develop advanced and distributed in-memory data processing technologies – the top Java in-memory computing platform starting every 10 seconds around the world today.
Nikita has over 20 years of experience in software application development, building HPC and middleware platforms, contributing to the efforts of other startups and notable companies including Adaptec, Visa and BEA Systems. Nikita was one of the pioneers in using Java technology for server side middleware development while working for one of Europe's largest system integrators in 1996.
He is an active member of Java middleware community, contributor to the Java specification, and holds a Master's degree in Electro Mechanics from Baltic State Technical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
IoT & Smart Cities Stories
Enterprises have taken advantage of IoT to achieve important revenue and cost advantages. What is less apparent is how incumbent enterprises operating at scale have, following success with IoT, built analytic, operations management and software development capabilities - ranging from autonomous vehicles to manageable


read it all to verify data integrity. The other reason to match the IO size and the ZFS recordsize is the read-modify-write penalty. With a ZFS recordsize of 128KB, When Innodb modifies a page, if the zfs record is not already in memory, it needs to be read in from the disk and modified before writing to disk. This increases the IO latency significantly. Luckily matching the ZFS recordsize with the IO size removes all the problems mentioned above.

 For Innodb log file, the writes are usually sequential and varying in size. By using ZFS recordsize of 128KB you amortize the cost of read-modify-write.

 Note
 You need to set the recordsize before creating the database files. If you have already created the files, you need to copy the files to get the new recordsize. You can use the <tt>stat(2)</tt> command to check the recordsize (look for <tt>IO Block:</tt>)

 What 	 If you have a write heavy workload, use a seperate intent log (slog).

 How	 <tt>zpool add log c4t0d0 c4t1d0</tt>

 Why
 Write latency is extremely critical for many MySQL workloads. Typically, a query will read some data, do some calculations, update some data and then commit the transaction. To commit, the Innodb log has to be updated. Many transactions can be committing at the same time. It is very important that this "wait" for commit be fast. Luckily in ZFS, synchronous writes can be accelerated up by using the Seperate Intent Log. In our tests with Sysbench read-write, we have seen around 10-20% improvement with the slog.

 Note

If your query execution involves a physical read from disk, the time for the write may not be that important. Be sure to check this suggestion with your real workload.

Until <a href="_URL_ _PHONE_ is fixed, you cannot remove a slog.

Innodb actually issues multiple kinds of writes (log write, dataspace write, insert buffer write). Of these, the most critical one is the Innodb log write. The slog feature is pool wide and thus some writes (like dataspace writes), which need not go to the slog still do. This will be fixed via <a href="_URL_ _PHONE_ ZFS separate intent log bypass property

It is also possible that during ZFS transaction sync time, the ZFS IO queue (35 deep) can get full. This means that a write has to wait for a slot to become empty. <a href="_URL_ _PHONE_: need reserved I/O scheduler slots to improve I/O latency of critical ops solves this using reserved slots. <a href="_URL_ _PHONE_ slog latency impacted by I/O scheduler during spa_sync is also worth checking out.

 What	 L2ARC (or Level 2 ARC)

 How 	 <tt>zpool add cache c4t0d0</tt>

 Why
 If your database does not fit in memory, every time you miss the database cache, you have to read a block from disk. This cost is quite high with regular disks. You can minimize the database cache miss latency by using a (or multiple) SSDs as a level-2 cache or L2ARC. Depending on your database working set size, memory and L2ARC size you may see several orders of magnitude improvement in performance.

 Note

 What 	 When it is safe, turn off ZFS cache flush

 How
 The ZFS Evil tuning guide has more information about setting this tunable. Refer to it for the best way to achieve this.

 Why
 ZFS is designed to work reliably with disks with caches. Everytime it needs data to be stored persistantly on disk, it issues a cache flush command to the disk. Disks with a battery backed caches need not do anything (i.e the cache flush command is a nop). Many storage devices interpret this correctly and do the right thing when they receive a cache flush command. However, there are still a few storage systems which do not interpret the cache flush command correctly. For such storage systems, preventing ZFS from sending the cache flush command results in a big reduction in IO latency. In our tests with Sysbench read-write test we saw a 30% improvement in performance.

 Note

Setting this tunable on a system without a battery backed cache can cause inconsistencies in case of a crash.

When comparing ZFS with filesystems that blindly enable the write cache, be sure to set this to get a fair comparison.

 What 	 Prefer to cache within MySQL/Innodb over the ARC.

 How 	 Via my.cnf and by limiting the ARC size

 Why
 You have multiple levels of caching when you are using MySQL/Innodb with ZFS. Innodb has its own buffer pool and ZFS has the ARC. Both of them make independent decisions on what to cache and what to flush. It is possible for both of them to cache the same data. By caching inside Innodb, you get a much shorter (and faster) code path to the data. Moreover, when the


Can I use your phone?
Of course, but it's not my phone –
It's everyone's phone.
We have to admit that the developers responsible for putting together Microsoft Lync Server 2010 were pretty clever. Why do we say that? Well, for one reason, we get paid to say things like that. More importantly, however, those developers really were clever. For example, any sizable organization is bound to have common areas: kitchens, cafeterias building lobbies, conference rooms, etc., etc. (In other words, places where large and ever-changing groups of people are likely to congregate.) In addition, many of these common areas are likely to have phones; in this day and age, could you possibly have a conference room that didn't have a phone?
So what's wrong with that? Well, nothing … unless, of course, you'd like to exert some sort of administrative control over those common area phones. That's a problem in Lync Server, because phone management isn't typically carried out by managing hardware (that is, by managing the actual phone itself); instead, phone management is carried out by assigning policies and dial plans to users. For example, a user's dial plan specifies the normalization rules that take the number dialed and convert it to a phone number that Lync Server can work with: without the correct normalization rules, users aren't able to make a call. Likewise, the user's voice policy is used to enable or disable such things as call forwarding, call parking, and simultaneous ringing.
So what's wrong with that? Well, again, nothing … except for the fact that policies and dial plans can't be assigned to hardware; they can only be assigned to people. Phones aren't people, which means that phones can't be assigned policies and dial plans. That's not a problem for phones located in someone's office; those phones will simply be governed by the dial plan and policies assigned to the user who works in that office. But what do you do with a common area phone, a phone that doesn't belong to any one person, and which, over the course of a single day, might be used by scores of different people? In order to manage that phone, and provide all the users of that phone with a common experience, you need to be able to assign policies and dial plans to the phone. But you can't assign policies and dial plans to the phone, because it's, well, it's a phone.
Needless to say, it's a bit of a sticky wicket.
Note. In case you're just dying to know, the term "sticky wicket" comes from cricket, and refers to the erratic nature of the cricket field that can occur as the field begins to dry after a heavy rainfall. As the field (or "pitch") dries, a hard crust tends to form on top of the spongy ground underneath; in turn, that can cause balls to take unexpected bounces. Or, as we baseball players say, "nasty hops."
Good question: where would you learn about things like this if it wasn't for the Lync Server PowerShell blog?
So how did the Lync Server team unstick this wicket? With a surprisingly simple, but clever solution. After you've installed your common area phone, you use the New-CsCommonAreaPhone cmdlet to create a corresponding common area phone object. What's so clever about that? Well, what the New-CsCommonAreaPhone cmdlet does is create an Active Directory contact object that represents the phone you just installed. That's clever, because you can assign policies and dial plans to contacts. (And no, it doesn't matter that the contact doesn't represent a real person; Lync Server doesn't care about that.)
In other words, suppose you install a phone in one of your building lobbies. After you do that, you can then use a command similar to this to create a contact object representing that phone:
New-CsCommonAreaPhone -LineUri tel:_PHONE_ -RegistrarPool -DisplayName "Building 14 Lobby" -OU "ou=Telecommunications,dc=litwareinc,dc=com"
Big deal, you say? Believe it or not, it is a big deal. For example, suppose you don't want people to use call parking or to transfer calls from that lobby phone. That's fine. All you have to do is create a voice policy (which we'll call CommonAreaPhoneVoicePolicy) and then assign that policy to the common area phone. You know, like this:
Get-CsCommonAreaPhone -Filter {DisplayName -eq "Building 14 Lobby"} | Grant-CsVoicePolicy "CommonAreaPhoneVoicePolicy"
Just like that, you've managed your common area phone.
Thank you; you're too kind. But we really think that the development team deserves a bit more of the credit than we do.
Oh, and here's another cool thing you can do with common area phones. As it turns out, Lync Server's client policy (see New-CsClientPolicy for more information) includes two properties related to "hot desking," the process by which users can (or cannot) log on to a common area phone using their own credentials, and therefore have access to things like their own contacts.
Note. Don't worry: we know how anxious you are to hear an aside on the origin of the term "hot desking." Hot desking originally referred to users who shared a desk; for example, Ken Myer might use a desk during the day shift, and Pilar Ackerman might use that same desk during the night shift. The term itself likely derived from the Navy's practice of "hot racking," in which different sailors share the same bunk.
Uh, no, not at the same time. During different shifts.
At any rate, "hot desking" is now used in the telecommunications world to refer to users who share phones.
At any rate, the Lync Server client policies enable you to enable or disable hot desking on a common area phone (using the aptly-named EnableHotdesking parameter) and to specify how long a user can remain logged-on with their own credentials (the equally well-named HotdeskingTimeout parameter). When the timeout period expires, the user will automatically be logged off, regardless of whether or not they are currently using the phone. This helps prevent a single user from hogging the common area phone, and also offers some protection for users who log on to a common area phone and then forget to log off.
Which, come to think of it, is also pretty clever. Boy, those Lync Server guys thought of everything, didn't they?


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City Council Approves $6 Million Contract For Recycled Wastewater Project
Here's a broader view.
Achieving Water Security by Becoming Water Self-sufficient
A Jim Bell Commentary – _URL_, _PHONE_
Many experts are projecting doom and gloom, scenarios of decreasing water supplies and increasing cost, yet the San Diego/Tijuana Region can easily become renewable water self-sufficient and even become a net water exporter.
Even if we assume the worst case scenario of zero precipitation and the complete cutoff of all imported water, the San Diego/Tijuana Region could completely replace all the freshwater it currently uses by installing PV panels over 4.3% of its roofs and parking lots. In 2015, 4.3% of our region's roofs and parking lots will be about 9 sq. miles, or as shown in the graphic, 4.5 sq. miles on each side of the border.
The above statement is based on the following assumptions:
1. A yearly average of 5-hr. of sunlight per day,
2. 1,000 sq. feet of roof and parking lot per capita,
3. An average potable water consumption level of 180 gallons per capita per day,
4. A 2015 regional population of 6 million people,
5. That 70 gallons of freshwater can be extracted from seawater per kWh of electricity consumed through reverse osmosis (RO)
6. PV (photovoltaic) panels 15% efficient at converting sunlight into electricity, (Commercially available panels are already pushing efficiencies of 20% or better.
The electricity produced by this system would be used to power large scale reverse osmosis (RO) pumps to convert seawater into freshwater. The pumps push seawater through filters that let freshwater through while excluding salt, other minerals and contaminants in general.
The issue of sucking marine life into reverse osmosis system can be solved if seawater to be processed into freshwater is extracted from wells close to the ocean above high tide instead of direct ocean extraction. Since seawater coming into such wells would be sand filtered, marine organisms will be eliminated from the process.
Similarly, since "waste water" from the RO process will be twice as salty as seawater, it will have to be diluted by mixing it with seawater, also extracted from the near ocean wells, until the water to be returned to the ocean is no more than 20% saltier than seawater. Once diluted, its release into the ocean would be defused as an additional precaution against negative ecological consequences. Other sand filtering technologies have also been proposed.
Mining RO waste water for salt and other minerals opens up other local business and employment opportunities for the region and could potentially eliminate the need to return RO wastewater to the ocean at all.
The size of the "worst case scenario" RO system discussed above could be cut in half, if recycled sewage water was filtered and disinfected, then used for irrigation.
July 27, 2010 at 10:38 p.m. ( | suggest removal )


text:
Essentials of Tourism
For orders to USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand or Japan visit your local Pearson website
|This title is also available in the following alternative formats:|
Essentials of Tourism offers a concise and student-friendly introduction to the field of tourism.
Written in a lively and engaging style, the book boasts an extensive range of case studies from around the world, and provides you with a coherent and consistent text, blending tourism principles and theory with practice. Each chapter features three case studies which illustrate contemporary practice in the leisure and tourism industry. Examples are drawn from a wide variety of destinations from around the globe, giving this text a truly international approach.
The book is the essential companion for undergraduate students studying Tourism and Tourism Management. It is accompanied by a companion website packed with extra resources for both students and lecturers, including multiple choice questions, PowerPoint slides and links to further reading.
Section 1 Tourism Essentials: An Introduction
Chapter 1 Tourism Essentials
Section 2 Destination Essentials
Chapter 2 The Destination
Chapter 3 The Economic Consequences of Tourism
Chapter 4 The Environmental Consequences of Tourism
Chapter 5 The Social and Cultural Consequences of Tourism
Chapter 6 Sustainable Tourism
Section 3 Tourism Sector Essentials
Chapter 7 Attractions
Chapter 8 Hospitality
Chapter 9 Intermediaries
Chapter 10 Transport
Chapter 11 Government and Tourism
Section 4 Tourism Demand and Marketing Essentials
Chapter 12 Demand
Chapter 13 Tourism Marketing
Section 5 Tourism Futures: The Essentials
Chapter 14 Tourism Futures
Key themes include:
- Sustainability and the challenges faced by tourism around this crucial topic
- Tourism marketing and the role of e-tourism within the sector, ensuring students are up to date with the latest technology
- The role of the public sector in tourism, including policy and planning, giving students a balanced view
Professor Chris Cooper is Dean of the Business School at Oxford Brooks University and is also a successful and experienced co-author of Tourism: Principles and Practice (Pearson Education). He has extensive international experience, having been involved in research and consulting projects in every region of the world.


text:
What does HAT mean in Medical?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand HAT in the field in general and in the Medical terminology in particular.
Human African Trypanosomiasis
Find a translation for HAT in other languages:
Select another language:
What does HAT mean?
- hat, chapeau, lid(noun)
- headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim


text:
- barrage •
bahr-ij, bê-rahzh • Hear it!
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: 1. (Engineering) A dam, barrier, or other obstruction built in a stream to create an area of deeper water or to divert the stream's flow. 2. A heavy, overwhelming outpouring that prevents response, such as a barrage of artillery fire or barrage of words.
Notes: Today's Good Word has at least two pronunciations that correspond to the two meanings above. Barrage in the sense of a dam is pronounced [bahr-ij] in the US while in the sense of an overwhelming outpouring it is pronounced [bê-rahzh]. This latter pronunciation is in the process of being Anglicized, so don't be surprised to hear [bê-rahj] from time to time.
In Play: The sense that today's word has in engineering is closer to the sense of the verb "to bar" and for that reason is pronounced as though it was based on bar: "The kids loved to build barrages in the stream behind the house and catch the minnows that collected behind it." The other sense is by far more common: "Congressman Mander received a barrage of questions from reporters about the fur coat he had recently given to his secretary."
Word History: Today's Good Word is purely French in origin, which is why the accent is on the final syllable and the G is pronounced [zh]. It is a noun derived from the verb barrer "to bar, to stop," from the noun barre "a bar, barrier". This is the same word that became bar when borrowed by English. I have mentioned before that French is Latin as it is spoken today in France (Spanish is Latin as spoken today in Spain, Italian, Latin as it is spoken today in Italy, and so on for all Romance languages). The language spoken in France before the arrival of the Romans was a Celtic language called "Gaulish", sometimes "Gallic". Barre came from that language. The sense of a barrage of artillery fire came from the French phrase tir de barrage "curtain of fire", first used in World War I. (OK, time for a barrage of thanks to Thel Casper for suggesting today's very interesting Good Word.)
Come visit our website at for more Good Words and other language resources!


text:
The European Family Therapy Association (EFTA) is an international association dedicated to scientific purposes.
EFTA was established in 1990 and has members from 29 European nations. It is a strictly non-profit making association.
EFTA's members comprise currently of 29 national organizations (EFTA-NFTO), 108 training institutes (EFTA-TIC) and about 1100 individual members (EFTA-CIM).
The main goals leading us are:
- Linking and coordinating European national organizations, institutes and individuals in the field of family therapy and systemic practice.
- Promoting the highest level of competence and quality in practice, research, supervision and teaching in family therapy and allied fields.
- Enhancing the training of systemic professionals and family therapists at regional, national and European levels by organizing and facilitating exchanges between individuals as well as professional centres.
- Facilitating European co-operation and exchange of ideas and experience among associations, institutions and individuals concerning medical, legal, social, psychological, gender, cultural, economic, spiritual and other aspects of human experiences in relation to systemic thinking and practice.
- Spreading information about family therapy and the systemic approaches throughout Europe to individuals, institutions and organizations concerned with the health and development of families and human systems.
- Promoting research, conferences, publications, audio-visual tools and other scientific material in this field through meetings and all other appropriate communicational methods.
- Creating links with other organizations having common or compatible aims in and outside of Europe.
The activities for achieving the aims of the association are:
- Regular international meetings, conferences and seminars
- International congresses
- Publication of a book series
- Professional exchanges between family therapy centers, therapists in training and trainers from different European countries
- Establishment of committees related to the aims of EFTA
- Other activities as to advance the aims of the association


text:
Grammatical analysis of Sanskrit segment
Analysis of "bhrājaka"
Note: this is an experimental feature and shows only the first possible analysis of the sentence. If the system was successful in translating the segment, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
Grammatical analysis of the Sanskrit text: "bhrājaka"—
- bhrājaka -
bhrājaka (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]bhrājaka (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
Extracted glossary definitions: Bhrajaka
Alternative transliteration: bhrajaka, [Devanagari/Hindi] भ्राजक, [Bengali] ভ্রাজক, [Gujarati] ભ્રાજક, [Kannada] ಭ್ರಾಜಕ, [Malayalam] ഭ്രാജക, [Telugu] భ్రాజక
"bhrājaka" in the Sanskrit language represents a word or a combination of words (such as Nouns, Adjectives, Pronouns, etc.). This section shows references to Sanskrit literature where this segment of Sanskrit text occurs, by literally searching for this piece of text.
Section 11 < [Chapter 12: doṣabhedīya-adhyāya]
Section 16 < [Chapter 12: doṣabhedīya-adhyāya]
Verse 126.96.36.199 < [Chapter 50]
If you like this tool, please consider donating: (Why?)


text:
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology is the study of the planning, organisation and operation of manufacturing methods, processes, facilities and systems.
The main purpose of this narrow field of education is to develop an understanding of the design, selection, development and operation of manufacturing processes and systems, and the planning, control and management of production functions.
Courses in Narrow Field 0301 Manufacturing Engineering and Technology develop skills in:
- assembly and joining
- operating manufacturing systems to produce a product
- printing technology and production
- textile technology and production
- wood product technology and production
This narrow field comprises the following detailed fields:
- Manufacturing Engineering
- Textile Making
- Garment Making
- Footwear Making
- Wood Machining and Turning
- Cabinet Making
- Furniture Upholstery and Renovation
- Furniture Polishing
- Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, n.e.c.
Thinking about a job in this field?
Check out the courses available in this field at various Australian universities and alternative study pathway options. If you'd like to speak with someone, discuss with your Career Advisor at school, or contact the Indigenous Education Unit at any of the Australian Universities, and they'll be able to offer advice on available local information and student support services.


Azure Migration Checklist
In this article we can explore the Requirement Checklists while Migrating an ASP.NET application to Azure.
Migration
Azure Migration is a common scenario. The source application could be ASP.NET, ASP.NET MVC etc. Many companies face the question whether they should migrate to Azure or not.
I am producing below the Checklist which can be helpful in making the Migration decision process.
Checklist
Following are the checklist items while you decide to Migrate an existing ASP.NET application to Azure.
ROI Checklist

Infrastructure Cost
Calculate the Infrastructure purchase cost & savings through azure.
Support Cost
Calculate the Support Professionals hire cost & savings through azure.
Software Cost
Calculate the Software purchase cost & savings through azure.
Scaling Cost
Calculate automatic scaling up / down flexibility, cost advantages. Compare with existing hosting.
Overall ROI
Find breakeven point. Ensure ROI is better with Azure Hosting.

Application

Compatibility
Ensure the Application is Compatible with Azure environment.
Dependency
Find depending applications on the Source application & database.
Scalability
Ensure the Azure Scalability, Geographical Redundancy, Edge Servers are meeting your Application requirements.
Hosting Type
Come up with a plan of Public hosting, Private hosting Or Hybrid hosting
Network Traffic
Find the Network Traffic of current Application to ensure Azure pricing won't give any surprises.

ASP.NET

Session State
The current ASP.NET session state management may not be compatible with Azure hosting. Conduct a compatibility analysis on same.
Caching
The current ASP.NET Caching mechanism may not be compatible with Azure hosting. Conduct a compatibility analysis on same.
Configuration File
Ensure the app settings, Connection strings are compatible with Azure

Database

Database Version
Confirm the source database version compatibility with Azure database. If there is Incompatibility, Migration of database to a compatible version required. After that we can perform Azure migration.
Database Size
Confirm the database size is within the limitation & budget for Azure.
Transaction Volume
Ensure the database queries, transaction volume does not exceed the Azure plan. Identify depending applications which queries the database frequently.
Linked Servers
Find out linked servers in existing application & ensure they can be connected to Azure hosting.

Security

Authentication
Ensure the current Authentication mechanism is compatible with Azure. If not come with a Remediation plan.
Authorization
Ensure the current Authorization mechanism is compatible with Azure. If not come with a Remediation plan.
Active Directory
Ensure Active Directory Users, Roles & Custom Properties are migrated accurately to Azure.
Information Security
Azure involves storing data outside company managed servers. We need to ensure client information security policies align with this.

Development

Developer Machine
Ensure proper Developer machine or VM configuration for Developer
Staging Machine
Ensure proper Stating machine or VM configuration for Staging the application builds
Testing Machine
Ensure proper Testing machine or VM configuration for Tester

Deployment

VM Deployment
Find out whether the whole application can be deployed as a VM deployment.
Diagnostics
Create Diagnostics plan for Monitoring and Alerting on Response Time, CPU availability, Errors etc.
Disaster Recovery
Ensure backup & recovery methods can be propagated to Azure

Testing

Performance Testing
Ensure the Application Metrics are compatible with Azure hosting – Average Response Time, Concurrent User Access etc.
Data Testing
Ensure the Data being migrated is accurate
Business Testing
Ensure core business logic, background logic is accurately working in new Azure hosting.
Domain Name Testing
Ensure all the domain names, sub-domain names are Migrated well to Azure

We can also migrate PHP application to Azure. In this case most of the Checklist items still applies to PHP application too.
Summary
In this article we have explored key points regarding Azure Migration.
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I need some more help.
 1. Oct 15, 2004 #1
 if you drop any kind of ball onto a hard surface, it will never bounce as high as the height it was dropped from. show algebraically that michanical energy has been lost between the maximum height on hte one bounce and the maximum height on the next bounce, and explain why this does not disprove the energy conservation law. any help would be appreacted thanks.
 2. jcsd
 3. Oct 15, 2004 #2
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 Suppose you drop the ball from initial height [tex]h_{0}[/tex], and in the subsequent bounces, the maximally reached heights satisfy the inequality:
 1)Now, what is the kinetic energy of the ball at these heights?
 2)Using your answer on that, what must then the total mechanical energy at each stage be?
 3)How can mechanical energy be lost from a system?
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text:
What is a Freeman maple? It's a hybrid blend of two other maple species that offers the best qualities of both. If you are considering growing Freeman maple trees, read on for tips on how to grow a Freeman maple and other Freeman maple information.
Freeman Maple Information
So, what is a Freeman maple? Freeman maple (Acer x freemanii) is a large shade tree that resulted from a cross between red and silver maple trees (A. rubrum x A. saccharinum). The hybrid has inherited the top qualities from each of these species. According to Freeman maple information, the tree gets its attractive form and blazing fall color from its red maple parent. Its rapid growth and broad soil tolerance are attributable to the silver maple. Growing Freeman maple trees is not difficult if you live in a region with a cool or cold winter. The tree thrives in USDA plant hardiness zones 3 through 7. Before you decide to start growing Freeman maple trees, you need to know that this hybrid can rise to a height of between 45 and 70 feet (14-21 m.). It does not require extensive Freeman maple care, although you'll need to know a few important factors.
How to Grow a Freeman Maple
It's best to start growing Freeman maple trees in full sun locations to get the best fall foliage displays. On the other hand, the soil type is less important. For optimal Freeman maple care, give the tree rich, well-draining soil, but it tolerates both dry and wet locations. Where to plant Freeman maples in your landscape? They make good specimen trees. They also work well as street trees. Remember that the species, in general, has thin and easily damaged bark. That means that the tree bark can suffer from frost as well as sunscald. Good Freeman maple care includes using tree guards to protect young transplants during the first few winters. Another potential issue in Freeman maple care is their shallow root systems. Roots can rise to the surface of the soil as these maples mature. This means that transplanting a mature tree may be dangerous to its health. When you are considering growing Freeman maple trees, you'll need to pick a cultivar. Many are available and offer different forms and features. The cultivar 'Armstrong' is a good one to consider if you want an upright tree. Another upright cultivar is 'Scarlet Sunset.' Both 'Autumn Blaze' and 'Celebration' are more compact. The former offers crimson fall color, while the latter's leaves turn golden yellow.
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Teo Spengler has been gardening for 30 years. She is a docent at the San Francisco Botanical Garden. Her passion is trees, 250 of which she has planted on her land in France.
10 Best Apartment Plants To Turn Your Small Space Into An Oasis
The best apartment plants can lend an ambience of the tropics, brighten up a space, or add a touch of drama, and turn an apartment into a relaxing oasis.
By Amy Grant
Grow a Bathroom Oasis: 8 Best Bathroom Plants With No Light or Low Light
Some apartment dwellers grow the best bathroom plants with no light or low light. Read how one of our favorite plant lovers does it in the big city.
By Teo Spengler


text:
Ecosystem stability: How a Plant Community Blows Off Wind Pressure
This research paper aims to understand how Aruba's plant ecosystem is shaped and affected by the constant wind pressure present on the island. This was achieved by evaluating and comparing multiple variables related to ecosystem stability, resilience and service provision with wind exposure (leeward and windward) and wind strength through data collection and analyses and a literature review. Results showed leeward sides present higher plant population, density and species richness, while windward slopes present higher biodiversity. Furthermore, the slopes with the highest wind strength were found to have the highest variations between exposure and the lowest values. These results point to the wind having an apparent hindering effect on plant population, richness and cover while showing that biodiversity is a more robust characteristic and could thus remain unchanged under environmental stress. Defining which slopes present higher stability and resilience cannot be concluded, but windward slopes, which present plant deformation and patchy distribution, could be better adapted to stronger winds that could occur with climate change, than leeward slopes, which have vegetation that is less affected by current conditions.