EEG/ERP, Sound-symbolism
Ideophones in Japanese modulate the P2 and late positive complex responses: MS Paint version
I just had my first paper published:
Lockwood, G., & Tuomainen, J. (2015). Ideophones in Japanese modulate the P2 and late positive complex responses. Language Sciences, 933.
It's completely open access, so have a look (and download the PDF, because it looks a lot nicer than the full text).
It's a fuller, better version of my MSc thesis, which means that I've been working on this project on and off since about April 2013. Testing was done in June/July 2013 and November 2013. Early versions of this paper have been presented at an ideophone workshop in Tokyo in December 2013, a synaesthesia conference in Hamburg in February 2014, and a neurobiology of language conference in Amsterdam in August 2014. It was rejected once from one journal in August 2014, and was submitted to this journal in October 2014. It feels great to have it finally published, but also kind of anticlimactic, given that I'm focusing on some different research now.
I feel like the abstract and full article describe what's going on quite well; this is a generally under-researched area within the (neuro)science of language as it is, so it's written for the sizeable number of people who aren't knowledgeable about ideophones in the first place. However, if you can't explain your research using shoddy MS Paint figures, then you can't explain it at all, so here goes.
Ideophones are "marked words which depict sensory imagery" (Dingemanse, 2012). In essence, this means that ideophones stick out compared to regular words, ideophones are real words (not just off the cuff onomatopoeia), ideophones try and imitate the thing they mean rather than just describing it, and ideophones mean things to do with sensory experiences. This sounds like onomatopoeia, but it's a lot more than that. Ideophones have been kind of sidelined within traditional approaches to language because of a strange fluke whereby the original languages of academia (i.e. European languages, and especially French, German, and English) are from one of the very few language families across the world which don't have ideophones. Since ideophones aren't really present in the languages of the people who wrote about languages most often, those writers kind of just ignored them. The less well-known linguistic literature on ideophones has been going on for decades, and variously describes ideophones as vivid, quasi-synaesthetic, expressive, and so on.
What this boils down to is that for speakers of languages with ideophones, listening to somebody say a regular word is like this:
listening to a regular word
and listening to somebody say an ideophone is like this:
listening to an ideophone
Why, though?
Ideophones are iconic and/or sound-symbolic. These terms are slightly different but are often used interchangeably and both mean that there's a link between the sound of something language-y (or the shape/form of something language-y in signed languages) and its meaning. This means that, when you're listening to a regular word, you're generally just relying on your existing knowledge of the combinations of sounds in your language to know what the meaning is:
regular word processing
…whereas when a speaker of a language with ideophones listens to an ideophone, they feel a rather more direct connection between what the ideophone sounds like and what the meaning of the ideophone is:
ideophone processing
These links between sound and meaning are known as cross-modal correspondences.
Thing is, it's one thing for various linguists and speakers of languages with ideophones to identify and describe what's happening; it's quite another to see if that has any psycho/neurolinguistic basis. This is where my research comes in.
I took a set of Japanese ideophones (e.g. perapera, which means "fluently" when talking about somebody's language skills; I certainly wish my Japanese was a lot more perapera) and compared them with regular Japanese words (e.g. ryuuchou-ni, which also means "fluently" when talking about somebody's language skills, but isn't an ideophone). My Japanese participants read sentences which were the same apart from swapping the ideophones and the arbitrary words around, like:
花子は ぺらぺらと フランス語を話す
Hanako speaks French fluently (where "fluently" = perapera).
花子は りゅうちょうに フランス語を話す
Hanako speaks French fluently (where "fluently" = ryuuchou-ni).
While they read these sentences, I used EEG (or electroencephalography) to measure their brain activity. This is done by putting a load of electrodes in a swimming cap like this:
electrode set up
After measuring a lot of participants reading a lot of sentences in the two conditions, I averaged them together to see if there was a difference between the two conditions… and indeed there was:
figure 1 from japanese natives paper
The red line shows the brain activity in response to the ideophones, and the blue line shows the brain activity in response to the arbitrary words. The red line is higher than the blue line at two important points; the peak at about 250ms after the word was presented (the P2 component), and the consistent bit for the last 400ms (the late positive complex).
Various other research has found that a higher P2 component is elicited by cross-modally congruent stimuli… i.e. this particular brain response is bigger to two things that match nicely (such as a high pitched sound and a small object). Finding this in response to the Japanese ideophones suggests that the brain recognises that the sounds of the ideophones cross-modally match the meanings of the ideophones much more than the sounds of the arbitrary words match the meanings of the arbitrary words. This may be why ideophones are experienced more vividly than arbitrary words.
higher P2 for ideophones
lower P2 for arbitrary words
As for the late positive complex, it's hard to say. It could be that the cross-modal matching of sound and meaning in ideophones actually makes it harder for the brain to work out the ideophone's role in a sentence because it has to do all the cross-modal sensory processing on top of all the grammatical stuff it's doing in the first place. It's very much up for discussion.
Putting the graph into electroencephalography
ERPing the derp
typical erp graph
erp intuitive 2
erp context
standard N400
Cz electrode (RG onset timelock + NO GUIDE)
Here's participant 9:
ppt09 Cz electrode (RG onset timelock + NO GUIDE)
Here's participant 13:
ppt13 Cz electrode (RG onset timelock + NO GUIDE)
Here's participant 15:
ppt15 Cz electrode (RG onset timelock + NO GUIDE)
updated ci picture for eeg graphs
Cz electrode (RG onset timelock + SDs + NO GUIDE)
I'd love to hear people's opinions in the comments below.
To summarise, then:
– ERP graphs aren't all that great
– but they could be if we plotted them logically


text:
To determine the year and month when a spice was packaged, look for a series of black numbers and letters printed on the bottom or side of the spice container. This is not the UPC code and it is usually printed directly on the container, not the label.
On dry packet mixes, the numbers and letters are pressed or indented into the edge of the package. The first number indicates the year of the decade. For example, if the first number is 9, this means the product was packaged in 2009. The second letter refers to the month. "A" stands for January, "B" stands for February, "C" is for March, and so on. So, if an item was packaged in March of 2009, the code would begin with 9C. (Other numbers and letters will follow, but the first two digits indicate when the product was packaged).
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Heat Waves and Droughts
Heat waves and droughts are more extreme versions of normal weather; a heat wave occurs when a warm high pressure sits over a region.
CK-12 (High School)
What weather patterns cause heat waves and droughts?
RST.1 - Analysis & Evidence, RST.2 - Main Ideas
DEPTH OF KNOWLEDGE (DOK) LEVELS:
2,3Read this assignment in Actively Learn

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Gender: Female
Origin: American
Meaning: Little Child
The name Alanna means Little Child and is of American origin. Alanna is a name that's been used primarily by parents who are considering baby names for girls.
From Irish. Or from the name ALAN
Variations include: Alanah, Alannah
People who like the name Alanna also like the names: Abigail, Amelia, Arianna, Arabella, Ava, Ella, Aurora, Alexander, Liam, Jackson, Gavin, Benjamin, Ethan, Adam
Stats for the Name Alanna
checkmark Alanna is currently #68 on the Baby Names popularity charts
checkmark Alanna is currently #529 in U.S. births


Acacia Communications recently announced the first 400G single carrier DWDM transmission on the 6,600 km Marea submarine cable between Virginia Beach, Virginia and Bilbao, Spain. The field demonstration was conducted by Acacia in collaboration with Microsoft and Facebook, and helped to demonstrate that improvements in capacity and spectral efficiency can enable increased utilization of deployed fiber and improved network capacity. The 400G single carrier transmission was achieved with baud rate of around 70Gbaud using Acacia's AC1200 module.
The growth of cloud and internet services are driving the need for increasing subsea network capacity. Meeting these demands requires advanced coherent transmission systems that support higher data rates that weren't possible in prior transatlantic systems. The Marea submarine cable, a joint project between Microsoft, Facebook, and global telecommunications infrastructure company Telxius, features an "open" design that allows it to evolve with technology and enables adoption of new technologies, such as the Acacia AC1200 coherent module.
The field demonstration was performed with Acacia's AC1200 coherent module, which is powered by its Pico digital signal processor. Acacia's AC1200 supports a combination of high baud rate, flexible modulation formats and enhanced performance features that enable improvements in capacity and reach. Utilizing Acacia's patented Fractional QAM modulation, the field demonstration achieved 400G transmission using approximately 4 bits/symbol, with a baud rate of nearly 70Gbaud. Additionally, modulation formats greater than 4 bits/symbol were utilized to achieve a spectral efficiency of 6.41 bits per second per Hz (b/s/Hz) on the same 6,600 km cable.
Earlier in October, Infinera had a trial with Telxius to use Infinera's fourth-generation Infinite Capacity Engine (ICE4) advanced coherent technology, transmitting 26.2Tbps capacity over a fiber pair across the 6644km MAREA cable, achieving a spectral efficiency of 6.21 bits per second per (b/s/Hz) over the 6644 km trans-atlantic cable, and upgrading system capacity of MAREA to more than 200Tbps over 8 fiber pairs.
Using 400G technology, it won't significantly upgrade the total capacity of MAREA cable system further than above 200Tbps at this moment. And there is no announcement of the achievement on capacity per fiber pair from the stakeholders. But it demonstrates further the success of MAREA's OPEN Cable strucutre.
The MAREA cable system is supplied by SubCom and equipped with SubCom's SLTE when it was ready for service. The trials by Infinera and Acacia demonstrate that SLTEs from multiple suppliers can work well in this OPEN cable system.


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Purple glittery snowflakes – this great educational app is only $.99!! Snowflake Station for the iPad helps kids discover the beauty of symmetry – a key concept in math, science, art, & architecture. The app has 3 sections: Trace a Flake, Creation Station, and Make it Snow. Trace a Flake includes step-by-step instructions for cutting 36 different snowflakes/other symmetrical shapes. In the Creation Station, kids create their own flakes/shapes. There are six different folds, 10 different colored paper, and 10 different colors of glitter to choose from. Kids make "cuts" with their fingers. The tape button works as an undo button. Kids can monitor their progress in the upper left hand corner of the cutting board. Creations can be saved to use in the "Make it Snow" section of the app which does exactly that! Kids use their creations to make it snow in a photo of their choosing. They can use the iPad's camera to take a picture or use an already saved photo from the camera roll. There are also 10 winter scenes included in the app. Another option in this app is the ability to set up a Juddly (a safe, secure email) account for your child to share his/her creations with you. Very creative & very fun – all while learning about symmetry. 🙂
Common Core Standards:
- 1.G.3 – Partition a shape into four equal shares, describe the shares using the words halves, fourths, and quarters, and use the phrases half of, fourth of, and quarter of. Describe the whole as two of, or four of the shares. Understand for these examples that decomposing into more equal shares creates smaller shares.
- 4.G.3. Recognize a line of symmetry for a two-dimensional figure as a line across the figure such that the figure can be folded along the line into matching parts. Identify line-symmetric figures and draw lines of symmetry.
Not only does this app meet CCSS in math, it can also be used in creative writing – The Day It Snowed Orange, Alien Invasion, etc. What a great educational app!


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A new Curtin University of Technology report calls for a $315 million light rail system to be built in Perth.
The Knowledge Arc Light Rail would link Canning Bridge, Curtin's Bentley Campus, Technology Park, Victoria Park, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, the new Princess Margaret Hospital and the University of Western Australia.
The plans are part of Professor Peter Newman's latest report, 'The Knowledge Arc Light Rail: The next phase in Perth's public transport'.
"Perth needs a new type of public transport to help it adapt to its growth pressures and light rail can be fitted into the present road structure and provide a fast, clean high capacity system," he said.
"The proposed route links together the main knowledge centres like pearls along a string, enabling them all to grow substantially without the need for so much parking.
"The new PMH site is planning to have Perth's biggest car park costing $180 million — this is a waste of money and land.
"The $315 million suggested cost for the light rail could be paid for from parking savings and land development opportunities created.
"Light rail is being adopted by many car-oriented cities in the US as a way to help rebuild their cities with less car dependence and more genuine centres. Light rail is the catalyst for building little cities along its route.
"Infrastructure Australia is funding light rail systems in Adelaide and the Gold Coast through a combination of funding sources and with a strong emphasis on land development opportunities.
"This should be adopted in Perth as the way to make our next stage in public transport happen."
Professor Newman said the advantages of developing a new light rail system outweighed an improved bus system.
"A larger number of passengers can be carried with fewer vehicles and staff, and the congestion threshold is significantly higher," he said.
"Commercial speed and timetable reliability are generally higher with rail systems and rail networks are more easily understood than bus systems. These are only some of many advantages.
"While buses are clearly capable of offering high quality public transport services, the choice of rail on routes with the potential for high patronage offers additional synergies."
This report was produced as part of the Parsons Brinckerhoff – Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Alliance.
The full report can be downloaded from: _URL_
Note to COS/Editor: Professor Newman from Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute and Infrastructure Australia Board Member is available for interviews on Saturday 1 May from 9am to 10am at 24 High Street, Fremantle or on 0407 935 133.


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below:
Comprehensive Scan—Compares the Hash Code and attributes of all files on the client to the Hash Codes and attributes of all files on the server. All blocks of data are sent to the Archive Server for any file that is new. Any file that contains a Hash Code and/or attribute that does not match is sent to the Archive Server. This scan type is processed on the server side.
Quick Scan—Polls on predetermined interval (as set in the client configuration) and compares the modify date/time of all directories/files on the client with the last scan date/time stored in a file on the client. Any file with a modify date/time greater than the last scan date/time is archived to the Archive Server. This scan type is processed on the client side.
Filesize Checksum Scan—Polls on predetermined interval (as set in the client configuration) and detects changes that occur in a directory by adding together all the file sizes of the directory. If the size changes, then one of the files in that directory has been modified. This scan type is processed on the client side.
Once installed and configured on the client and server, the first process that is initiated is the Comprehensive Scan. This scan method only runs when the Archive Server is initiated for the first time or when manually initiated thereafter by the user. This scan will create the Archive on the Archive Server if it does not exist. Then it compares the Hash Code and attributes of all monitored directories/files on the client to the Hash Code and attributes on the Archive Server. Only the changed blocks of data are archived for any file that contains a Hash Code and/or attribute that does not match. Additionally, if the file does not exist on the Archive Server, all blocks of data are sent to the Archive Server.
Once the Archive is created by the Comprehensive Scan, the Archive Server monitors the client for additions, changes, and deletions utilizing the Quick Scan and Filesize Checksum Scan methods based on a predetermined poll interval set in the client configuration.
The following outlines the workflow depicted in
Next at step 6, If the changed file cannot be opened, then the process will attempt to open the file three additional times. If the process is not successful opening the file after the third attempt, then the process goes to the Logging System and the process starts over at step 1 above. At step 7, if the changed file can be opened, then the client notifies the Archive Server and attempts to open the Archive. The Archive Server determines, in step 8, if the changed file already exists on the Archive Server. If the file does not already exist on the Archive Server in step 9, the Archive Server indicates that it is a new file and notifies the client. If the file already exists on the Archive Server in step 10, the Archive Server sends the Hash Table to the client. Step 11 involves the client generating Hash Codes for each block of data in the changed file.
Then in step 13, the Hash Table from the Archive Server is compared to the Hash Codes of the file on the client. Once the client has determined which blocks have changed in step 14, it sends the changed blocks to the Archive Server. If the file was determined to be new, all blocks of data are sent to the Archive Server. Step 15 then involves the Archive Server storing the blocks of data compressed and encrypted, along with all associated components of the Archive File (i.e.: File Header, Version Header, Hash Table, etc.). Upon completion of step 15, the process determines if there are any more file additions, modifications, or deletions in step 16. If additional files are detected in step 17 as changed, added, or deleted, then the process is repeated starting at step 2 above. Finally, in step 18 ff no additional files are detected as being changed, added, or deleted, then the last scan date/time is updated on the client.
Another aspect of the present invention is the method of Monitor, Collector, and/or Server Interaction. Monitors non-invasively monitor various system and data states. These Monitors send data and meta data from each state of change to a Collector. The key characteristics of Monitors include: (1) Monitors listen for activity in enterprise systems and distributes those discrete changes to a Collector; (2) Utilize a standard IP ASN.1 protocol to communicate between the Monitor and the Collector. ASN.1 is an established standard for agent communications; (3) Monitors data and meta data information on a particular object that is changing. This allows all information to maintain the context in which it was originally used Combining standards-based ASN.1 protocol and an open API (Application Programming Interface), custom and third-party Monitors can easily be created: (4) Encryption, transport compression, and tamper detection are utilized between Monitors and Collectors assuring accurate and efficient transport of information; (5) Open Source Open Adapter Interface allows message bus access to other open standards; (6) Only data and meta data that is needed downstream to the rest of ZOMA is collected. This filtering is configured automatically and significantly reduces the "noise" of data downstream to the CEP (Complex Event Processing) engine.
There are several ways to classify Monitors to collect changes in state. One is a local Monitor which collects data only on the computer on which the Monitor is installed. Another is a Remote Monitor which includes Monitors that are installed on computers in central locations that can remotely monitor multiple systems at the same time. There are two types of Remote Monitors: Passive and Active. A Passive Remote Monitor watches the data stream without intercepting it. An example of a Passive Remote Monitor would be a Log File Monitor that attaches to a server via a network share to monitor its log files. An Active Remote Monitor registers itself with the associated protocol as a recipient of the data. An example of an Active Remote Monitor would be a Monitor that declares itself on the network as a syslogd server where you point servers to this Monitor to receive the messages. Operating system log files, message queues, SOAP messages, etc. are examples of protocols that could either be Passive or Active. If active, they are the recipient of the data—not intercepting it between two sources. Passive Network Packet Capture involves a type of Remote Monitor that passively monitors network packets, decodes them into their associated protocols, and stores the relevant data and meta data. On the other hand, an Operating System Event Monitor is a type of Local Monitor that monitors operating system calls and events in the core of the operating system to determine changes in state.
Collectors communicate with and accept data streams from all Monitors. The Collector sends the changed data and meta data to the Archive Server and dispatches state change information to the Event Server for event initiation. The Collector monitors and corrects any potential tampering of data between Monitors and Collectors by resending the tampered data to the Archive Server again. There are several characteristics of Collectors: (1) Collection of data and meta data from distributed Monitors throughout the enterprise; (2) Many Monitors usually communicate to one Collector; (3) Clustering and failover of Collectors is possible to support load balancing and high availability; (4) The Collector sends collected data and meta data to the Archive Server; and (5) The Collector distributes relevant Events to the CEP engine.
Archive Servers store the data and associated meta data in an effective dated indexed Archive. The Archive Server also responds to requests from Monitors and the a Management Console, including performing search and export functions. In addition, the Archive Server performs a number of routine tasks, such as tamper detection of the Archive, usage reporting and other maintenance functions. The Archive Server is natively architected on an Event-Driven Architecture which uniquely enables processing of "complex events". There are several characteristics of Archive Servers: (1) Storing file data, transactional data, and meta data in three separate repositories; (2) Archiving retention policies can be used for migration and consolidation of data; (3) Storing only the changed data (incremental), substantially reducing the amount of storage required; (4) Tamper detection is utilized for all Archives preventing any unauthorized changes to archived information; (5) All content is time and content addressable; (6) Coupled with appropriate Monitors and Collectors, Archive Servers provide a point-in-time view with automatic versioning for monitored enterprise assets; and (7) XML (Extensible Markup Language) support allows all data to be accessed in a platform and application independent method. For example, an email archived from a Lotus Notes server can be imported into an Exchange server with most attributes preserved. Initially the Collector extracts meta data from the data sources being monitored to create the Meta Data Archive. Once created, the Collector sends meta data changes to the Meta Data Archive to be updated. Time stamps from meta data changes are recorded allowing for detection of any changes in a database from a specific time and date.
The present invention provides a new method of interaction between such configured Monitors, Collectors, and Servers. Monitors: Network Based Monitors: (1) Read network traffic; (2) Record all network traffic (local host traffic included); and (3) Decode the packet into its original data and meta data form. For example, SQL statements are decoded from capturing network traffic between a database server and a database client. ASN.1 encodes the SQL statements (use the Electronic Interactive Agent specification to create the ASN.1 encoded structure). With this information, the Monitor establishes a socket connection with a Collector; sends the monitored data to the Collector, and continues to send data for every SQL statement coming across the network.
Collectors: (1) Receive a socket connection from the Monitor; (2) Receive data from the Monitor: (3) Close the socket connection and


DIPHERELINE® (Triptorelin embonate)
What is Diphereline® used for?
Diphereline® is used to treat prostate cancer that has spread into surrounding tissue and/or to other parts of the body. It is not a cure for prostate cancer.
Diphereline® belongs to a group of medicines called Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone analogues (GnRHa).
Most prostate cancers need a supply of the hormone testosterone to grow. Testosterone is produced by the testes and the adrenal glands.
Production of testosterone by the testes is stimulated by another hormone called luteinising hormone. This is produced by the pituitary gland, which is situated in the brain. Triptorelin, the active component of Diphereline®, reduces the production of luteinising hormone, which leads to a reduction in testosterone levels. This may shrink or slow down the development of the cancer.
Ask your doctor if you have any questions about why it has been prescribed for you. Diphereline® is available only with a doctor's prescription. Diphereline® can only be given by a doctor or a nurse.
What does Diphereline® look like?
Each pack contains 1 vial of Diphereline®, 1 ampoule, and 1 blister pack containing 1 empty polypropylene syringe and 2 needles.
The vial contains a small pellet of white to slightly yellow powder which must be mixed with the contents of the ampule (solvent) before injection.
How is Diphereline® given?
Diphereline® is given as an injection into your muscle (intramuscular) by your doctor or nurse.
How much and how often is it given? Diphereline® is available in three dose formulations:
 - 3.75mg injection usually given once a month
 - 11.25mg injection usually given once every 3 months (4 times a year)
 - 22.5mg injection usually given every 6 months (2 times a year).
Your doctor will prescribe which dose formulation is most suitable for you.
What are the common side effects?
Tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist as soon as possible if you do not feel well while you are receiving Diphereline®.
Diphereline® helps most people with prostate cancer, but it may have unwanted side effects in a few people. It can be hard to work out whether side effects are caused by Diphereline® or prostate cancer.
Generally the side effects are mild but you may need medical attention if you get some of the side effects.
If you get any side effects, do not cancel your follow-up dose of Diphereline® without first talking to your doctor. Tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist if you notice any of the following side effects and they worry you.
Very common side effects affecting more than 1 in 10 patients:
 - hot flushes
 - feeling weak
 - back pain
 - pins and needles sensation in the legs
 - excess sweating.
Common side effects affecting more than 1 in 100 patients:
 - nausea
 - tiredness
 - mood changes, depression
 - redness, swelling, pain and /or bruising at the injection site
 - swelling of the hands and feet (oedema)
 - muscle and bone pain, pain in arms and legs
 - dizziness, headache
 - impotence, loss of libido.
What are the less common side effects?
Tell your doctor immediately, call an ambulance or go to an Emergency Department at your nearest hospital if any of the following rare side effects happen as you may need urgent medical attention:
 - sudden signs of allergy such as rash, itching or hives on the skin
 - shortness of breath, wheezing or trouble breathing
 - chest pain
 - sharp, stabbing pain or swelling in your lower leg
 - swelling and redness along a vein which is extremely tender when touched
 - seizures or convulsions.
Tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist as soon as possible if you notice any of the following side effects which may be serious and require medical attention:
 - sudden headaches
 - severe back pain
 - difficulty breathing
 - temporary worsening of symptoms of your cancer (tumour flare)
 - high blood pressure
 - gout (a disease with painful swollen joints, particularly in the big toe)
 - inability to pass urine.
Macmillan 2013, Triptorelin (Decapeptyl ® SR, Gonapeptyl Depot ®), Macmillan Cancer Support, viewed 2nd July 2013.
TGA Consumer Medical Information (CMI), Oct 2012, Diphereline, Therapeutic Goods Administration, Canberra, viewed 2nd July 2013.


Set a default area code or country code
You can use smart dialing to set a default area code and country code that's applied automatically to the contacts that you call, so you don't have to include a country code or area code with phone numbers that you add to the Contacts app.
 2. Tap Settings > Smart Dialing.
 3. Do any of the following:
 - To change the default country code, tap Country Code. Tap a country.
 - To change the default area code, in the Area Code field, type an area code.


Home / Beer Myths
Beer Myths
Dark beers are stronger
The color of beer has no relation to its alcohol content. For example, Guinness, one of the most popular dark beers has an alcohol volume of 4.2%, while several light-colored Belgian beers have alcohol content of 8% or more. It is the amount of sugars the beer for the yeast to eat that determines the alcoholic strength of a beer and dark roasted grains have actually less fermentable sugar.
Imported beers are stronger than American beers
Traditionally, American beers measure their alcohol content by weight, while many other countries (across Europe and in Canada) measure by volume. The alcohol by weight figure will always appear lower than the alcohol by volume – for example, 4% ABW = 5% ABV, hence the myth creation.
The best beers have green bottles
Brown glass is the best color to protect beer from light, which is why most beers are bottled with it. A shortage of brown glass in Europe during the last century led to many breweries using green glass to bottle their beer and people incorrectly assumed the color indicated a better beer. Typically these green bottled imported beers are actually sold with brown bottles in their native countries.
Beer is ruined if warmed and then refrigerated
This can be true, if you do it many, many times. People think re-chilling beer will cause it to be "skunked". Beer can be ruined by air, light and time. Temperature won't ruin a beer unless it's extreme. UV light though will react with the hops in the beer to create a sulfur compound that does smell like skunk, so keep your beer out of bright sunlight as it can skunk in less than a minute.
Beer should be served ice-cold
This is an unfortunate myth perpetuated by the major commercial breweries – especially for their light beers. The fact is, flavor typically diminishes when beer is served ice-cold. If you want to deaden the feeling to a body part you put ice on it, the same is true with ice cold beverages on the tongue. Ice cold beer may make for a thirst-quenching, refreshing beverage, but often bears little resemblance to traditional beer. Several beers are, in fact, best served much closer to room temperature in the cool 50 degree range and are considered undrinkable when icy cold – such as Guinness and many of the traditional English ales.
Ales are served at room temperature in the UK
This story goes back to World War II, when American GIs spent considerable time in England. Cask-conditioned (or "real") ale is served at cellar temperature, which is in the low to mid-50s and certainly not room temperature. Just like deep red wine like a Cabernet or Merlot, darker and/or stronger beers and most typically ales taste better as they get closer to a cellar temperature.
Back to Beer Education


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This tutorial will present how to use DB Store and DB Filter components in Wires using the OPC-UA simulated server already used in OPC-UA Application.
The DB Store component allows the wire graphs to interact with the database provided by ESF. It stores in a user-defined table all the envelopes received by the component. The component can be configured as follows:
- table.name: the name of the table to be created.
- maximum.table.size: the size of the table.
- cleanup.records.keep: the number of records in the table to keep while performing a cleanup operation.
The DB Filter component, instead, can run a custom SQL query on the ESF database. It can be configured as follows:
- sql.view: SQL to be executed to build a view.
- cache.expiration.interval: cache validity in seconds. When the cache expires, a new read in the database will be performed.
The following procedure will create a wire graph that collects data from a simulated OPC-UA Server, stores it in a table in the database, using the DB Store component, and publishes it in the cloud platform. Moreover, the DB Filter is used to read from the database and write data to the OPC-UA Server based on the values read.
- Download the OPC-UA server simulator bundle and install it on your ESF instance. It will create a simulated OPC-UA server that exposes some sensors (light, temperature and water sensor) and some actuators (buzzer, led and fan).
- In the ESF Administrative Web Interface, select "OPCUA Server demo" in "Services" and set server.port to 1234. Click the Apply button. This will start an OPC-UA server on port 1234.
- Install the OPC-UA Driver from Eclipse Kura Marketplace
- Use the local ESF Administrative Web Interface to create a new OPC-UA driver instance:
- Select Drivers and Assets, click the New Driver button
- Select org.eclipse.kura.driver.opcua, type in a name, and click Apply: a new service will show up under Services.
- Configure the new service as follows:
- endpoint.ip: localhost
- endpoint.port: 1234
- server.name: leave blank
- Click on Wires under System
- Add a new Timer component and configure the interval at which the OPC-UA server will be sampled
- Add a new Asset with the previously added OPC-UA Driver
- Configure the new OPC-UA asset, adding new Channels as shown in the following image. Make sure that all the channels are set to READ.
- Add a new DBStore component and configure it as follows:
- table.name: WR_data
- maximum.table.size: 10000
- cleanup.records.keep: 0
- Add a new Publisher component and configure the chosen cloud platform stack in cloud.service.pid option
- Add Logger component
- Add another instance of Timer
- Add a new DBFilter component and configure it as follows. The query will get the values from the light sensor and if they are less than 200, the fan is activated.
- sql.view: SELECT (CASE WHEN "light" < 200 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS "led" FROM "WR_data" ORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC LIMIT 1;
- cache.expiration.interval: 0
- Add another Asset with the OPC-UA Driver, configured as shown in the following image. Be sure that all the channels are set to WRITE.
- Connect the components as shown in the following image, then click on "Apply" and check the logs and the cloud platform that the data is correctly published.
Updated over 2 years ago


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The relationship between self -report and behavioral observation indices of multicultural counseling competence
Changing demographics in the United States have stirred an increase in attention to multicultural counseling issues. Counseling professionals have questioned whether current training programs adequately prepare counseling students to work with individuals from a culturally diverse client population. Specific competencies have been identified and enumerated. The need for training has been emphasized by professionals and professional organizations. The availability of training in existing counseling psychology programs and internships has been examined. As a result, the measurement and evaluation of multicultural counseling competencies has become increasingly important to counseling psychologists and other professionals who offer counseling services to culturally diverse clients. ^ In recent years 1 supervisor evaluation and 3 self-report instruments have been developed to measure dimensions of the multicultural counseling construct. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between behavioral evaluation and self-report in the measurement of this construct. The relationship between self-report and behavioral evaluation was examined across differences in training level. The existence of a multicultural counseling competence construct, distinct from general counseling competence, as observed and distinguished by expert judges, was also examined. ^ Participants for this study were master's level counseling students and doctoral level students in counseling psychology programs from 3 northeastern universities. The Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale (MCKAS) was used as a self-report measure of multicultural counseling competency and the Cross Cultural Counseling Inventory-R (CCCI-R) was used as an objective behavioral measure. The Counselor Rating Form-Short Version (CRF-S) was used as a measure of general counseling competence. Two multicultural counseling experts rated participants' counseling response to an interactive video of a client presenting cultural/racial issues during a counseling session. Participants viewed and responded to a video of an African American or a White Confederate client. Both clients presented an identical script. The experts used their ratings to complete a CCCI-R and a CRF-S for each participant. Correlations between the MCKAS subscale scores, the CCCI-R total score, and the CRF-S total score were used to test hypotheses. ^ Results were examined, limitations enumerated, and implications to the field of counseling psychology and for future research were discussed. ^
Education, Bilingual and Multicultural|Education, Guidance and Counseling|Sociology, Ethnic and Racial Studies
Diane Eve Lewis,
"The relationship between self -report and behavioral observation indices of multicultural counseling competence"
(January 1, 2004).
ETD Collection for Fordham University.


text: All-trans-retinal (AtRal) can accumulate in the retina as a result of excessive exposure to light. The purpose of this study was to compare cytotoxicity of AtRal and photodegraded AtRal (dAtRal) on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells in dark and upon exposure to visible light. AtRal was degraded by exposure to visible light. Cytotoxicity was monitored by imaging of cell morphology, propidium iodide staining of cells with permeable plasma membrane and measurements of reductive activity of cells. Generation of singlet oxygen photosensitized by AtRal and dAtRal was monitored by time-resolved measurements of characteristic singlet oxygen phosphorescence. Photodegradation of AtRal resulted in a decrease in absorption of visible light and accumulation of the degradation products with absorption maximum at ∼330 nm. Toxicity of dAtRal was concentration-dependent and was greater during irradiation with visible light than in dark. DAtRal was more cytotoxic than AtRal both in dark and during exposure to visible light. Photochemical properties of dAtRal indicate that it may be responsible for the maximum in the action spectra of retinal photodamage recorded in animals. In conclusion, photodegradation products of AtRal may impose a significant threat to the retina and therefore their roles in retinal pathology need to be explored.


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[Game] Abandon Ship
Engage in piracy and become a hunted Captain.
Take command of an 'Age of Sail' ship and her crew, exploring a vast, story-filled world that reacts to your decisions. Engage enemy vessels, fortifications and sea monsters in brutal tactical combat, all framed in an art style inspired by classic Naval Oil Paintings.
SURVIVE ON THE EDGE IN A WORLD WITH CONSEQUENCES
Discover a huge amount of unique, story-filled islands across diverse biomes and themed areas: Fight ghost ships in the Haunted Seas. Ward off giant arachnids in the Spider Islands. Regions filled with poisonous gas, icebergs, cannibals and much more await.
Engage enemy ships, fortifications and sea monsters in vicious combat, employing your best tactics to out-manoeuvre and out-gun the enemy. Weather and environmental conditions affect your battles: Tidal waves, lightning strikes, volcanic bombardments and blizzards are just some of the modifiers that impact your strategy. Abandon Ship focuses on 'Age of Sail' ships in a Fantasy setting, framed in an Art Style inspired by classic Naval Oil Paintings.
SHIP DESTRUCTION IS NOT THE END
Life in this world can be brutal. Death is permanent. But the journey doesn't end if your vessel is destroyed. You are the Captain, and as long as the Captain is alive, there is always hope. By escaping to a Lifeboat, or even being stranded, alone in the water, there is a chance to survive and fight your way back to the top.
SNATCH VICTORY FROM THE JAWS OF DEFEAT
Combat is tactical and savage. Each battle is hard-fought, always on the edge of defeat. Your only chance of overcoming the odds is to employ every advantage you can bring to bear.
Dozens of diverse weapons and upgrades are available to utilise on the various ship classes you can acquire. Customise your vessels appearance by capturing enemy ships intact. Your trusty crew gain experience and traits to help provide an edge over the enemy.
REAP WHAT YOU SOW
Explore a fantasy world that reacts to your actions. Engage in piracy and become a hunted Captain. Undertake quests that may drastically change the environment – or the entire world. Make decisions that create allies or enemies that return to help or seek vengeance.
Play multiple stories, including the main campaigns tale of overthrowing a Cthulhu-esque Cult, a Freeplay mode about rebuilding the legacy of your forebears, and shorter tales, such as the combat campaign focused on rescuing your sister, or Sword of the Cult, where you play as one of Father's children, climbing the ranks until you're granted the ultimate weapon: The Kraken.
THIS VERSION IS A FREE DEMO, AN IN-GAME PURCHASE IS REQUIRED TO UNLOCK THE FULL CONTENT.
Abandon Ship user reviews :
This game has loads of potential, there were no problems selecting any character, selecting cannons or extinguishing fires wasn't difficult either. and although i for some reason wasnt given the tutorial tips, i managed to figure it out on my own fairly quickly. Everything does seem to be very polished and i really enjoy that, however i dont like that i need to pay $10 just to actually play the main game. i do understand that this is a new game, but its still too much after just a taste of it.
Very good quality. It is only a demo for free, but I am more than happy to pay for a game this good. Manages to balance FTL gameplay with the theme incredibly well. Graphics are good, gameplay is good, my only complaint is that the controls can be a little fiddly on such a small mobile screen but that would change depending on what you have.
The graphics are really nice here. I would really recommend playing on the big screen and enjoy the smoothness and diversity of colors. And I totally love how the gameplay drags you in instantly – naturally, warring ships, what more would you want? This is pure delight as soon as you go up that learning curve – very much recommended for strategy lovers, explorers, and sailing ship enthusiasts.
Great game, but just needs to be optimized more. After a few battles the game slows down and one has to exit and re-enter the game. Sometimes this happens when you transition between the various maps as well. Doubt it was properly play tested for mobile.
A fantastic game. The art style looks amazing and the sea battles are really intense and atmospheric. You get a very decent length trial to decide whether you like the game before buying it. The user interface works brilliantly on small screen devices and it runs perfectly on my Galaxy A52. Very highly recommended.
Contact developer :
Leave your feedback regarding Abandon Ship


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How to: Use Environment Variables in a Build
When you build projects, it is often necessary to set build options using information that is not in the project file or the files that comprise your project. This information is typically stored in environment variables.
All environment variables are available to the Microsoft Build Engine (MSBuild) project file as properties.
If the project file contains an explicit definition of a property that has the same name as an environment variable, the property in the project file overrides the value of the environment variable.
To use an environment variable in an MSBuild project
Reference the environment variable the same way you would a variable declared in your project file. For example, the following code references the BIN_PATH environment variable:
You can use a Condition attribute to provide a default value for a property if the environment variable was not set.
To provide a default value for a property
Use a Condition attribute on a property to set the value only if the property has no value. For example, the following code sets the ToolsPath property to c:\tools only if the ToolsPath environment variable is not set:
c:\tools
Property names are not case-sensitive so both $(ToolsPath) and $(TOOLSPATH) reference the same property or environment variable.
The following project file uses environment variables to specify the location of directories.
 $(BIN_PATH)\myassembly.dll C:\Tools

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Sunday, December 18, 2016
World Bank tasks farmers on how to boost agriculture.
The World Bank tasks farmers on how to boost agriculture.A World Bank assisted programme in Africa, West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programme (WAAPP), has revealed that farmers do not need huge capital to be successful and maximise profit in agriculture. This was stated during the last World Bank Support Mission visit to the Federal College of Agriculture, Akure (FECA) adopted communities and schools, where it lauded the various projects embarked upon by WAAPP-FECA. Leader of the delegation, Prof. Victoria Ayuba, said the level of projects going on was a pointer to the fact that people can start making profit in agriculture if they start with little capital. Ayuba, who is the current Dean, College of Forestry and Fishery, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, encouraged the people, especially the youth, that they could utilise the opportunities in the sector to be employers of labour. The Dean noted that the essence of the visit was to evaluate and assess what the institution is doing with the World Bank assisted programme with member-countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to make agriculture more sustainable and productive.more


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Department of Agriculture
Master of Science
Isolates of Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) in Belize may be causing inverse stem pitting, stunting, and slow decline on sweet and sour orange rootstock combination on field trees. One isolate on Cleopatra mandarin rootstock expressed no field symptoms but may be a possible source of a detrimental isolate to more susceptible citrus rootstock combinations. Field plants and field source inoculated indicator plants were used in this study. The first objective was to determine whether field trees of sweet Valencia orange trees that expressed symptoms of CTV would test positive to a polyclonal (mild and severe symptoms) and a monoclonal (severe decline) antibody. Of the 81 trees tested, 56% tested positive to a polyclonal antibody G-604. None of the trees tested positive to the monoclonal antibody MCA-13. The second objective was to determine the biological and serological reactivity on host indicator plants of some of the most symptomatic trees having highest optical density value readings from the ELISA test. Mexican lime showed mild to moderate vein clearing on three of the isolates tested, while sweet orange showed mild to moderate translucent veins on two of the isolates tested. Four isolates from the indicator host plants tested positive to polyclonal antibody G-604 but none tested positive to MCA-13. The third objective was to determine if there were any differences among the nucleotide sequences of three CTV isolates. The CTV coat protein gene (CPG) of isolates which reacted to a polyclonal antibody G-604 but not to monoclonal antibody (MCA-13) was selectively amplified by polymerase chain reaction from infected tissue extracts and sequenced using negative sense CN 407 primer. All three isolates revealed between ninety-eight and ninety percent significant identities to known CTV isolates previously characterized from citrus growing regions around the world.
Agriculture | Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Sabal, Harry, "Molecular Characterization of Citrus Tristeza Virus Isolates in Commercial Citrus Grown in Belize" (2001). Masters Theses & Specialist Projects. Paper 699.


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During DDW19, our research team from the University of Twente participated in the Design United exhibit with the 'Journalist of the Future City'-cardgame, In this game, players each draw four cards from a card deck and are invited to create a provocative short story about the future city, based on the contents of these cards. This way, visitors became co-creators of the exhibit, each day adding more stories and imaginaries about their perceived future city. This exhibit was part of our research project on Responsible Smart Cities.
We collected more than 120 stories (!) and created an illustrated booklet of our experience at DDW19.
How does it work?
Our game aims at generating imaginative stories about the future smart city and trigger thought-provoking ideas on how urban life might change as a result of the introduction of a new technology in the city.
The game is based on 'The thing from the future' by Stuart Candy and Jeff Watson, and consists of 4 different types of cards:
- Arc cards – these outline a societal trend towards the future.
- Technology cards – include different types of technology that could potentially be implemented in the smart city.
- City cards – describe places where urban life happens.
- Value cards – correspond to societal values that are central to city life.
Players are invited to randomly pick 4 cards – one of each type –, and take these cards as ingredients for their imaginative story: no matter how plausible, silly or unexpected the combination of cards.
Why this cardgame?
Questions on the future of the city often find abstract answers linked to urban planning goals: we aim for efficient city processes and optimal infrastructure. Words like 'imagination' and 'improvisation' might sound strange in this context, yet are important abilities to move beyond technocratic solutions. To move from urban planning to urban imagination, we see the potential in stories, metaphors and fiction.
Imagination can challenge the status quo and opens up the realm of possibilities. We aim at opening up a plurality of possible futures for urban life and daring participants to think creatively about their future city.
Designerly methods such as storytelling games are becoming a more common tool within research and policy making. They offer non-expert participants the freedom to develop their own line of thought creatively and playfully, while at the same time offering an instrument for conceptual thinking. As PhD-candidate and former IDE-student Sefora Tunç puts it: 'Using storytelling cards results in unexpected combinations, which can be used as a reference to explore an unknown field. It comforts the participant as he understands that it is a fictional setting, meaning there is no right or wrong.'
Results: stories created by participants
The stories we received fell into three categories: fictional (discussing a far-away future, and creating a specific atmosphere or vibe), anticipatory (discussing a nearby future, taking into account current trends, developments and challenges) or problem-solving (discussing solutions to challenges posed by urban technology). Below, you may find an example of each category:
Don't talk to strangers - Fiction
Harvey looks at the clock again, he has been sitting at the police station for almost an hour now. He is there to lodge a police report on his missing (or rather stolen) moped. Luckily, he has his phone on full charge this morning. He often forgets to charge it before leaving home. He turns on the app which he just installed last week. It is called AnnaBot. The app is a chatbot that uses AI technology to learn to be your chatting friend. Since he split up with his girlfriend 2 months ago, he does not have any outlet to rant about shitty things that happen in his life like his mopped being stolen. It is been entertaining so far, definitely great for passing time. Little does Harvey know, the app is being used by a group of individuals to gather personal information, data on emotional state and habits. If this information is being used unethically, Harvey could lose a lot more than his moped.
Flying avatar – anticipation
After 10 years, we are no longer used to leaving our house. That's why our avatars, linked to a specific app, will roam the city. To go to a store or to visit friends, the avatar will carry a camera so that she can see everything. The avatar will move with a drone so that she will be extra quick. If the avatar is not allowed in somewhere, this place should be blocked so that the drones are not able to enter. The benefit of this innovation is that you won't have to go anywhere yourself so that you won't waste any energy.
Reminder of humorful stories of loved ones – solution development
Graveyards are usually perceived as a sad place that reminds us of death. Being one of the most frequently visited places in one's life, visiting deceased loved one, you run into other visitors a lot. All share the same emotion of sadness. Talking about one's death is a powerful remedy and a way to remember that person. Talking to others going through the same is a great way to deal with your feelings. Special wearables, promoting humorful stories about the deceased person with other graveyard visitors might help tackle the sad and maybe negative feelings.
During DDW19, we received many positive comments from visitors. Participants enjoyed being engaged in the conversation about the future city; they felt welcomed to share their experience and vision. They expressed that the card game acted as a tool to think about the future in a new, creative and unexpected way. Although we see plenty of tech-dystopias in the media, the trend in the participants' stories was positive and showed a bright, technological future. This shows citizens' capacity to think in possibilities and imagine their preferred future city.
The results of DDW19 have been bundled in this illustrated booklet, and the card game will be further used and developed in the Responsible Cities research project.
This blog was written by: Anouk Geenen, Julieta Matos Castaño.
University of Twente: prof. Mascha van der Voort, prof. Peter Paul Verbeek, dr. Julieta Matos Castaño, Anouk Geenen
Utrecht University: dr. Michiel de Lange, dr. Corelia Baibarac-Duignan
Acknowledgement: This work is part of the research program Designing for Controversies in Responsible Smart Cities with project number CISC.CC.012, which is (partly) financed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO). We thank our project partners (Aerovision, Design Innovation Group, Future City Foundation, Marxman, Municipality of Amersfoort and Utrecht University) for their valuable contributions to this research project.


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Ask a question about '1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers'
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The 1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers
is a current Australian Army Reserve
The Australian Army Reserve is a collective name given to the reserve units of the Australian Army. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, the reserve military force has been known by many names, including the Citizens Forces, the Citizen Military Forces, the Militia and, unofficially, the...
Light Cavalry (Reconnaissance) Regiment. The regiment is based at Lancer Barracks in Parramatta, New South Wales
Parramatta is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in Greater Western Sydney west of the Sydney central business district on the banks of the Parramatta River. Parramatta is the administrative seat of the Local Government Area of the City of Parramatta...
. The regiment has recently re-equipped with 4x4 Land Rover
The Land Rover Perentie is a vehicle in use by the Australian Army, produced in Australia and based on the Land Rover Defender 110. It was introduced in 1987 to replace the ageing fleet of Series 2A and 3 Land Rovers, and is still in service...
patrol vehicles as part of the conversion to a Light Cavalry (Reconnaissance) role. The last of the previously equipped vehicles, the M113A1 APC
The M113 is a fully tracked armored personnel carrier that has formed the backbone of the United States Army's mechanized infantry units from the time of its first fielding in Vietnam in April 1962. The M113 was the most widely used armored vehicle of the U.S...
was handed over in 2006.
The current regiment was formed in 1956 when the 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers
The 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers was a former Australian Army light cavalry regiment. Its complicated lineage includes the New South Wales Lancers which were first formed as a colonial unit in 1885, and subsequently saw action in the Second Boer War, and later during First World War at...
and the 15th Northern River Lancers
The 15th Northern River Lancers was an amphibious assault squadron of the Australian Army, the Lancers were designated A squadron of the Amphibious Assault Regiment. The 15th Northern River Lancers were formed in 1948 and based in Northern New South Wales, in 1956 it was amalgamated with the 1st...
were joined, initially being equipped with Matilda tank
The Infantry Tank Mark II known as the Matilda II was a British infantry tank of the Second World War. It was also identified from its General Staff Specification A12....
s. The 1st/15th RNSWL carries the former regiments' battle honours, and consequently it is the most highly decorated unit in the Australian Army with 21 battle honours, including those from the Boer War
The Second Boer War was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State...
, First World War and Second World War.
The Regimental Band of the 1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers is one of the few RAAC regimental bands still in existence. It consists of Army Musicians who perform for Regimental functions, at public events, and for other Army Ceremonial tasks.
1st Royal New South Wales Lancers
15th Royal New South Wales Lancers
- Boer War: South Africa 1899–1902;
- First World War: Defence at ANZAC, Sari Bair, Rumani, Magdhaba-Rafah, Gaza-Beersheba, Jerusalem, Jaffa, Jericho, Jordan (Amman), and Megiddo
- Second World War: South West Pacific, Finchaffen, Sattleberg, Wareo, New Guinea, Wareo-Lakon, Gusika, Borneo, Balikpapan, Milford Highway
- Boer War: South Africa 1899–1902;
- First World War: Rumani, Magdhaba-Rafah, Egypt, Gaza-Beersheba, Jerusalem, Jaffa, Jericho, Jordan (Es Salt), Jordan (Amman), Megiddo, Nablus, Damascus
- 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards - The Light Dragoons
The Light Dragoons is a cavalry regiment in the British Army.It was formed in 1992 from the amalgamation of two regiments, the 13th/18th Royal Hussars and the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars becoming the first dragoon regiment in the British Army for over twenty years.-Present day:The Light...
- Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse
The Fife & Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse is a Yeomanry Squadron of the Queen's Own Yeomanry part of the British Territorial Army. It was formed following the amalgamation of the The Fife and Forfar Yeomanry and The Scottish Horse regiments....
- Northumberland Hussars
The Northumberland Hussars is a Squadron of The Queen's Own Yeomanry is an armoured Squadron of the British Territorial Army. It is part of a Formation Reconnaissance Regiment, equipped with the FV107 Scimitar and FV103 Spartan type armoured reconnaissance vehicles...


CDC Home
Injury Center Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOAs)
CE10-002: Unintentional Poisoning from Prescription Drug Overdose in Adults
Initial Fiscal Year: 2010
Program: ERPO
FOA Number: CE10-002
FOA Title: Unintentional Poisoning from Prescription Drug Overdose in Adults
This funding opportunity announcement encourages research that will build the scientific base for the prevention of unintentional poisonings from drug overdoses in the adult population (ages 15 to 64 years). It solicits proposals from organizations to conduct exploratory/developmental research that evaluates novel approaches to drug overdose prevention and addresses the NCIPC's research agenda priorities related to unintentional poisoning. It is meant to engage professionals from a wide spectrum of disciplines including epidemiology, community medicine, pharmacology, biostatistics, public policy, public health law, justice, and behavioral and social sciences.
Program Description
NCIPC is soliciting investigator-initiated research that will expand and advance our understanding of what works to prevent unintentional drug overdoses associated with prescription drugs. Applications are sought that will perform one (or more) of the following activities:
1. Evaluate risk management strategies ("RiskMAPs") employed by pharmaceutical companies after a drug comes on the market. This might include evaluation of the surveillance measures put in place to detect misuse and abuse or overmedication of opioids and/or evaluation of the private sector's responses when surveillance indicates a potential problem.
2. Evaluate the effectiveness of actions taken by the Food and Drug Administration (short of removing the product from the market) to correct problems associated with overdoses from controlled substances, including opioids, once they reach the market. This might include evaluation of "black box" warnings placed on drugs, restriction of the indications or circumstances under which a drug can be used, physician education, or other control measures.
3. Evaluate the effectiveness of economic-based interventions that identify potential abusers and restrict their accessibility to drugs with overdose potential, through insurance mechanisms that require prescriptions from specified providers or pharmacies. This might include evaluation of the Patient Restriction and Review programs of state Medicaid agencies or similar programs instituted by private insurers.
4. Evaluate programs that provide naloxone as an antidote to high risk persons who have been prescribed opioids and have the potential of abuse, unintentional misuse, or overdose. This may include community trials of such programs that produce data on both the risks and benefits of making naloxone routinely available for such patients.
5. Conduct opportunistic evaluations of imminent changes in policies or environments that could influence the rising rate of prescription drug overdoses among adults, for example "natural experiments," legislative changes, state laws adopted, changes in physician prescribing practices, physician training and education initiatives, etc.
6. Conduct studies that can inform the ongoing policy debate on prescription drug overdose prevention, for example small experimental studies, secondary data analyses in a state or county, cost-effectiveness analyses of promising interventions, modeling health systems change, health impact assessments, simulations of policy effects, or macro-level policy analyses).
Special Considerations:
1. If an RFA is developed and published, NCIPC will initiate a conference call to clarify the intent of the RFA and assist potential applicants.
2. Annual progress meetings between grantees and NCIPC will be required, so travel money must be budgeted.
3. Applicants, or their research partners, will be required to include evidence of prior experience conducting medical, pharmaceutical, drug abuse or injury prevention evaluation studies through publications or technical reports they produced in an appendix to the application.
4. Governmental and academic applicants are encouraged to work in partnership with each other, where possible, to strengthen their overall approach.
5. Preference will be given to applicants from areas that have above-average rates of mortality from drug poisoning that is unintentional or of undetermined intent. Applicants are expected to address the potential this research would have in reducing morbidity and mortality rates in similar areas of the country that also have above-average rates.
Awarded Projects
Project Title: Unintentional Prescription Opioid Poisoning Deaths in Connecticut and Rhode Island
Grant Number: CE001846
Project Title: Evaluation of the Washington State Guidelines on Opioid Dosing for Chronic Pain
Grant Number: CE001850
Contact Us:
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text:
Click on the map
to get the latest
The DEP operates the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Air Monitoring
System (COPAMS) to continuously monitor pollutant levels.
The goals of the ambient air monitoring program are to evaluate
compliance with national and state ambient air quality standards,
provide real-time monitoring of air pollution episodes, develop
data for trend analysis, develop and implement air quality regulations
and provide information to the public on daily air quality conditions in their area. DEP monitoring
sites are in areas having high population density, high levels of
expected contaminants or a combination of the two. The majority
of the monitoring takes place in the 13 air basins of the Commonwealth.
Air basins are geographic areas, usually valleys, where air tends
DEP does not generally monitor air quality in Allegheny
counties. Monitoring in these areas is performed by independent
Tour a Site
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Air Monitoring System (COPAMS)
is a totally automatic, microprocessor controlled system which consists
of 44 remote stations throughout the state. The stations contain
equipment to measure the amount of principal
pollutants in the air and weather
conditions. Each station is connected by phone lines to a central
computer system in Harrisburg, that collects the raw data. The raw
data is then processed for quality assurance purposes and presented
to the public in an annual report.
Pollution monitoring equipment is housed in
a 9'x16' shelter.
Some of the equipment found inside the shelter continuously
Most of this equipment is sensitive enough
to measure pollutants in the parts per billion range, that
is, one part of pollutant to a billion parts air.
To monitor the transport of pollution in
the air, each station has a weather tower that measures various
A station may contain other samplers located outside the shelter.
This sampler captures very fine particulate matter on a filter.


Friday, August 5, 2011
Down Memory Lane In a Rickshaw
Two uniformed passengers take a rickshaw ride at Durban, Natal, South Africa, during World War I. One of the Australian soldiers depicted - he is seated on the right hand side of the rickshaw - is George Stephen GADSDON (aka George Stephen LEADER, _PHONE_).
Born in Islington, London, in 1882, George Stephen Gadsdon lied about his age to get into the Royal Warwickshire Regiment: he was 15 at the time but stated he was 18. This circumstance led to his being discharged from the Regiment a month after he enlisted. He then joined the 6th Dragoon Guards, saw action in the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa and later went to Australia where he changed his surname to LEADER.
He survived several major battles of World War I including Ypres: his battalion (2nd Australian) lost 90% of their number at Gallipoli. George was wounded twice during his military career and also suffered the effects of mustard gas in France from which he never fully recovered. When George was reported Missing in Action at one stage of the Great War, his wife was asked if he had any distinguishing marks: she replied, 'A Union Jack tattooed across his chest.'
Aussie soldiers World War I with rickshaw, Durban.
 Unidentified lady and child in rickshaw at Durban, ca first decade 1900s.
The word rickshaw (sometimes spelled ricksha) stems from the Japanese jinrikisha meaning literally'man strength vehicle'. It was introduced in Japan ca 1870; by the 1880s the word was anglicised and shortened. Rickshaws became a popular tourist attraction in Durban from the 1890s. Today their numbers have dwindled but it is still possible to take a rickshaw ride along Durban's Golden Mile (the beachfront).
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Biological Macro and Micro Systems Co-existing in the "Fountain of the Two Dragons", Palermo
Keywords:fountain, stone biodeterioration, micro and macro-organisms
AbstractStone works of art located outdoors are exposed to natural deterioration, due to several physical, chemical and biological factors. Biological macro- and micro-systems (e.g. weeds, insects, algae, mosses, fungi and bacteria) may induce the biodeterioration of stone materials. In February 2014, the state of conservation of the Fountain of the two Dragons in Palermo was examined, during which time biological colonization in some areas of the fountain and statues, was also detected. The monument represents an excellent substrate for the development and growth of microrganisms and organisms that need a continuous supply of water. Direct solar irradiance promotes the development of photoautotrophic organisms, bryophyte flora, in addition to several microbial genera, responsible for pigmentation, discoloring, efflorescence. After autotrophic colonization, some organisms find an ideal habitat also during wintertime, including two species of gastropods and two species of Hemiptera, omnivorous, a species of Collembola, mostly fungivorous. This interdisciplinary study has enabled the detection and identification of different biological communities, providing information for a subsequent project of preventive conservation of the fountain and its surroundings.
How to Cite
Di Carlo, E., Lombardo, G., Barresi, G., Manachini, B., Palla, F., Corselli D'Ondes, G., & Lo Giudice, S. (2015). Biological Macro and Micro Systems Co-existing in the "Fountain of the Two Dragons", Palermo. Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, 15(2), 95–107. _URL_
Copyright (c) 2015 Enza Di Carlo, Giovanna Lombardo, Giovanna Barresi, Barbara Manachini, Franco Palla, Gaetano Corselli D'Ondes, Silvana Lo GiudiceCopyrights and publishing rights of all the texts on this journal belong to the respective authors without restrictions. Authors grant the journal right of first publication.Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. (full legal code)
See also our Open Access Policy.


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Since December 2020 and ongoing, FIELAX provides thermal conductivity / thermal resistance measurements for cable routes for three wind zones in the Dutch North Sea to be connected by TenneT (_URL_-next-geosolutions-for-route-surveys-fugro-as-backup/). As a subcontractor to Next Geosolutions (nextgeosolutions.com), FIELAX conducts most of the surveys using our systems in combination with Next's Vibrocorer.
At shallow water depths / tidal flats / onshore, the VibroHeat method is not feasible. We are pleased to offer different adapted deployment methods with different geotechnical equipment in close cooperation with Marine Sampling Holland (marinesamplingholland.nl). Some nearshore and – so far – all onshore tests have been performed with the PushHeat system (a combination of a mini-CPT with a coiled thermal test rod; the picture shows one site on the beach on a stormy day). In 2021, we also expect to deploy downhole technology for onshore locations where a high-resolution TRT profile is required to depths greater than 10 meters. To reach these depths, multiple cycles of drilling/probing will be performed. More information on the methods and additional references can be found at _URL_


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What's the difference between x:Key and x:Name in WPF?
Not sure what the true difference is.
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_USER_, the question you listed as a possible dupe is unrelated to this. – Josh Dec 13 '10 at 3:39
how is it a duplicate? The other question talks about Name vs Type. This question is about Key vs Name. – jalf Dec 13 '10 at 3:40
My mistake, I misread the "possible dupe" question. Apologies. – Alastair Pitts Dec 13 '10 at 3:51
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up vote 28 down vote accepted
Although they are used for similar purposes, they are not interchangeable. x:Key is used for items that are being added as values to a dictionary, most often for styles and other resources that are being added to a ResourceDictionary. When setting the x:Key attribute, there is actually no corresponding property on the object or even an attached dependency property being set. It is simply used by the XAML processor to know what key to use when calling Dictionary.Add.
x:Name is a bit more complicated. It's used to apply an associated name to an object (typically an object derived from FrameworkElement) within the scope of some parent element. This scope is called a "namescope" and the easiest way to think of it is to imagine a UserControl that contains a .
You could then put multiple instances of the UserControl onto a Window without the name "foo" colliding because each UserControl has its own namescope.
It's worth noting too that FrameworkElement defines a dependency property called Name that is equivalent to setting x:Name.
The other difference is that the XAML designer creates members in the code-behind for elements that have an x:Name. This is not true of objects added to a dictionary using x:Key.
You can find more information about these in the remarks section of the MSDN documentation for the x:Name directive.
share|improve this answer
x:Key is only valid in the scope of a ResourceDictionary element. x:Key is used as the primary identifier for elements in the ResourceDictionary.
On the other hand, x:Name is valid in the scope of everything but a ResourceDictionary. x:Key is not valid outside the ResourceDictionary scope.
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Odontacolus markadicus Sp. Nov. (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Platygastridae) - An Addition to the Platygastrid Fauna of India
Odontacolus markadicus sp. nov. is described from Karnataka, Southern India. Eight species of Odontacolus are known from the world. This is the first time that a species of Odontacolus is being described from the Indian subcontinent. A key to the species of Odontacolus is provided.
Odontacolus markadicus Sp. Nov, Indian Subcontinent, Platygastridae, Hymenoptera.
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text:
Meaning of Mousterian
Pronunciation: (m-stēr'ē-un), [key]
— adj. Anthropol.
- of or pertaining to a Middle Paleolithic culture of Neanderthal man dating to the early upper Pleistocene Epoch (c100,000–40,000b.c.) and consisting of five or more stone-artifact traditions in Europe whose characteristic tools are side scrapers and points.
- pertaining to Paleolithic human relics having the workmanship, finish, and character of the flint scrapers found in the sands of Moustier, France.


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tra.texi (Advanced VC Usage): Remove VC Directory Mode and VC
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 * major.texi (Choosing Modes): Make mode selection sequence more
 obvious by describing the steps in order of priority. Note that
 magic-mode-alist is nil by default.
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2008-10-20 Chong Yidong <_EMAIL_>
 * frames.texi (Mouse References): Copyedits.
2008-10-20 Tassilo Horn <_EMAIL_>
 * ack.texi (Acknowledgments): Add myself as doc-view author.
2008-10-20 Eli Zaretskii <_EMAIL_>
 * frames.texi (Dialog Boxes): Add @cindex entries.
2008-10-20 Chong Yidong <_EMAIL_>
 * frames.texi (Dialog Boxes): Clarify description of GTK+ file chooser.
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2008-10-19 Chong Yidong <_EMAIL_>
 * frames.texi: Use @key throughout for mouse clicks.
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 (Clipboard): Describe Cut, Copy and Paste commands.
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2008-10-15 Chong Yidong <_EMAIL_>
 * files.texi (Version Control): Copyedits. Add Bazaar.
 (Version Control Systems): List different VCS's using an itemized list.
 Add Bazaar.
 (VCS Concepts): Copyedits. Tweak description of file merging.
 * frames.texi (Mouse Commands, Cut/Paste Other App): Rewrite.
 (Cut/Paste Other App): Document select-active-regions and
 x-select-enable-primary.
2008-10-13 Chong Yidong <_EMAIL_>
 * mark.texi (Shift Selection): Correct case in node name.
 * emacs.texi (Top): Update node order in Mark chapter.
2008-10-12 Eli Zaretskii <_EMAIL_>
 * msdog-xtra.texi (MS-DOS): Fix bad pxref.
 * mini.texi (Minibuffer File): Fix markup in last change. Refer to
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 of $HOME on MS-Windows and MS-DOS.
2008-10-12 Chong Yidong <_EMAIL_>
 * mini.texi (Minibuffer File): Add xref to File Names.
 (Minibuffer File): Add discussion of '~' in file names.
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 * files.texi (File Names): Reorganize description.
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 of version-control variable.
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 * emacs.texi (Top): Delete Numbered Backups node.
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2008-10-11 Romain Francoise <_EMAIL_>
 * kmacro.texi (Edit Keyboard Macro): Lossage is now 300 keys.
2008-10-11 Chong Yidong <_EMAIL_>
 * buffers.texi (Buffers): Add xrefs to Mode Line and Lisp Interaction.
 (Select Buffer): Mention use of minibuffer history. Describe default
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 (Kill Buffer): Document new command kill-matching buffers.
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 list and buffer menu to the top.
 (Indirect Buffers): Document new variable clone-indirect-buffer-hook.
2008-10-10 Chong Yidong <_EMAIL_>
 * entering.texi (Exiting): Document change of C-x C-c to
 save-buffers-kill-terminal. Document kill-emacs.
2008-09-30 Eli Zaretskii <_EMAIL_>
 * mule.texi (Coding Systems): Don't mention codepage-setup.
 * msdog-xtra.texi (MS-DOS Printing, MS-DOS and MULE): No need to create
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2008-09-25 Chong Yidong <_EMAIL_>
 * search.texi (Search): Shorten introduction.
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 * emacs.texi (Top): Update node listings.
2008-09-22 Juanma Barranquero <_EMAIL_>
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2008-09-22 Chong Yidong <_EMAIL_>
 * kmacro.texi (Basic Keyboard Macro): Make F3 and F4 the preferred
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2008-09-20 Glenn Morris <_EMAIL_>
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text:
What People Are Asking
Catholic Teaching on Monarchy and Democracy
Horvat | Questions | Objections | Comments | Home | Books | CDs | Search | Contact Us | Donate
Dear Marian Horvat,
I wonder if you could suggest to me one or two good history text books for children which tell history the way it is (i.e. from the Catholic viewpoint)?
My wife and I recently started home-schooling our children and as part of our history teaching material we obtained a copy of an American Catholic school history textbook (originally published in 1937) from a traditional home school book supplier in the United States. I thought that the book, entitled, The Old World and America by Rev. PJ Furlong, given its pre-Vatican II imprimatur, would be 'safe' to use with our children. In many respects the book seems fine but I was alarmed to read that of the three types of government described in the Greek history section: Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy; 'the ideal form of government is that kind in which the people rule themselves (i.e., democracy)'.
I wonder if promotion of democracy in this book was an example of the Americanism I've read about – based upon freemasonic principles – creeping into Catholic education in the early part of the twentieth century.
Although we are fairly new to Traditional, and I am by no means an expert, I have done some reading in this area and my understanding now is that the 'ideal' form of government is probably monarchical if its ruling principles are guided by the teachings of the Church, i.e., the Reign of Christ the King.
Thank you for all your clear advice and scholarly articles on rearing Catholic children and about restoring a truly Catholic culture to the Catholic home – they have been most valuable to my wife and I as we struggle to sift the wheat from the chaff. Well done!
- I am right to think this?
- And, can you recommend to us good books to teach our children a proper understanding of history? My children's ages are 8 weeks, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 11 years old.
Yours sincerely and with our prayers,
Dr. Horvat responds:
Dear Mr. and Mrs. G.K.,
Thank you for your kind words on my articles.
Regarding your first question, certainly St. Thomas teaches that "all should take some share in the government, for this form of constitution ensures peace among the people (Summa Theologiae, I.II. q. 105, answer). But this does not imply that 'the ideal form of government is that kind in which the people rule themselves (i.e., democracy)' as you quoted Bishop PJ Furlong stating in his history textbook.
On the contrary, in the same place St. Thomas teaches that "the kingdom [or monarchy] is the best form of government as long as it is not corrupt" (answer to the 2nd objection). The next best form of government is aristocracy, understood as the government by the best, and finally democracy, the government by the people. These are the three forms of government approved by Catholic doctrine in the order of preference. However, the best form at all, according to St. Thomas, is a blend of the three, taking into consideration the needs and the circumstances of each people. In all these forms of government there is a proportionate share of the power by the people through different processes.
The same doctrine can be found in the encyclicals Au milieu des solicitudes and Diuturnum by Leo XIII, among many other teachings of the Church on the topic.
Notwithstanding this clear doctrine, it is not surprising to find old American Catholic history books championing the revolutionary principles of the Enlightenment that inspired our modern democracies. Famous Catholic historians like John Gilmary Shea (_PHONE_) and Theodore Maynard (_PHONE_) bent over backwards in their histories to pretend that there are no clashes between Catholicism and the revolutionary principles of modern democracies.
Maynard tries to justify the support liberal Catholics gave to the American Revolution with these words:
"They did so because the principles of the Revolution were so closely consonant with Catholic political philosophy" (The Story of American Catholicism, p.117).
John Shea went so far as to pretend that all Catholics in Colonial American supported the revolution, that none were Tories, or monarchists (The History of the Catholic Church in America, Vol. I). This is not true. Many Catholics supported the monarchy.
This type of history pretends to demonstrate that monarchy is against Catholicism, It is the Catholic liberal history that filtered into Catholic history books in parochial schools.
These liberal Catholics promote some of the errors condemned by Pope Leo XIII under the name of Americanism in 1889, as you suspected.
Regarding your second question, which asks for good books to teach your children a proper understanding of history, what I can advise is limited:
A good history book that presents a Catholic view of world history is Christ the King: Lord of History by Anne Carroll. Its primary audience is grades 6-8.
High school students can partially benefit from an American history series titled Puritan's Progress: A Catholic Perspective published by Angelus Press. Volume 1 is the only history text in English I am aware of that explains the Puritan influence on North America, clearly demonstrates the anti-Catholic bias of the Colonies, and is pro-monarchy.
The history of the 20th century is, in my view, much weaker, with a decided tendency to favor Nazism as an option preferable to Communism. I think that Nazism is a false option. It is as Socialist, as egalitarian, as despotic, and as pagan as Communism. So, I would suggest filtering through it before using it as a teaching tool for your children.
My answer is meager, I know, but these are the few sources I have at present. I would like to have more time to research better texts that may have been published, but time is a commodity I lack right now.
Marian T. Horvat, Ph.D.
Related Topics of Interest
Co-Education is a False and Harmful Method of Teaching
Crisis in Catholic Education and St. Thomas' Solution
Crisis in Catechism
Rules on Rhetoric
©2002-2013 Tradition in Action, Inc. All Rights Reserved


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The trial lesson is designed for you to have fun,and to familiarise you with the aircraft including safety and the flight controls, whilst taking in the stunning Derbyshire scenery.
With more than 3,000 in the UK, microlights are the largest single group of light aviation aircraft in the World and flexwing (weight-shift)microlights like the one you could fly originated from NASA's manned space flight programme!
After all kinds of experimentation,the forerunners of the modern flexwing microlight took to the skies in the early 1970s. Since then, wing and airframe/engine technology has moved on rapidly.
In the last few years microlights have circumnavigated the globe and set new world records. Despite their fragile appearance, modern microlight aircraft are incredibly strong and have one of the best safety records in leisure aviation.
The experience - on arrival you will be greeted by your instructor in the clubhouse and given a pre-flight briefing. Then on with flight suits, intercoms, helmets and off to the Flexwing microlight for a quick look around. Into the back seat strapped in, the instructor does preflight checks radios for flight information, engine start up, taxi to hold point of runway line up and off we go... The engine starts. You start to move along the runway and feel the wind underneath the visor of your helmet.Then, after just a few metres, the whole thing suddenly rises up into the air and you're flying!
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