text:
Intrinsically stretchable electronics can form intimate interfaces with the human body, creating devices that could be used to monitor physiological signals without constraining movement. However, mechanical strain invariably leads to the degradation of the electronic properties of the devices. Here we show that strain-insensitive intrinsically stretchable transistor arrays can be created using an all-elastomer strain engineering approach, in which the patterned elastomer layers with tunable stiffnesses are incorporated into the transistor structure. By varying the cross-linking density of the elastomers, areas of increased local stiffness are introduced, reducing strain on the active regions of the devices. This approach can be readily incorporated into existing fabrication processes, and we use it to create arrays with a device density of 340 transistors cm–2 and a strain insensitivity of less than 5% performance variation when stretched to 100% strain. We also show that it can be used to fabricate strain-insensitive circuit elements, including NOR gates, ring oscillators and high-gain amplifiers for the stable monitoring of electrophysiological signals.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


text:
How Can We Help?
2.7 Reset the camera
If you can't recall the password you saved to the WiFi camera, or you have migrated the camera to the new router, even you see the camera offline, you can try to reset the camera. The camera's setting will be erased after you perform the reset. The camera will be disconnected from your network. You will no longer see the camera online until you start from the beginning to connect the camera to your home WiFi again.
Please follow the guide below step by step closely.
1. Firstly, power up the camera and wait… until you hear the camera making the click sound.
2. Next, depress and hold the reset button for more than 15 seconds and release. Now just wait until you hear the clicks sound again. The camera has been reset.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Precision Water Dispensing System (FloJet)
A Precision Water Dispensing System (Flojet) simulator for coffee machines is a device that simulates the flow of water through the coffee machine's water system. The simulator typically consists of a pump and a series of hoses and connectors that are designed to mimic the water flow in the coffee machine.
The Flojet system is commonly used in coffee machines to pump water from a water source, such as a water tank, to the machine's water system.
A Precision Water Dispensing System is great for coffee / food trucks and vans or coffee trailors, carts and anything mobile that does not have access to building water mains.
- Provides a reliable source of water for the coffee machine
- Maintains consistent water pressure for optimal coffee extraction
- Helps to prevent damage to the machine's water system by regulating water flow
- Can be used with a variety of coffee machines, including commercial and home models
- Compact design that can be easily installed
- Self-priming pump that can lift vertically
- Quiet operation that won't disturb customers or users
- Built-in pressure switch that automatically turns the pump on and off as needed
- Improves the taste and quality of coffee by providing a consistent source of water
- Reduces downtime and maintenance costs by preventing damage to the machine's water system
- Increases the lifespan of the coffee machine by ensuring proper water flow and pressure
- Helps to conserve water by regulating the flow and preventing waste
- Smooth & quiet operation
- Easily interchangeable & set-up
- Perfect for plumbing-in coffee machines at events


text:
The Mental Health Association of Portland provides speakers to schools, civic groups, colleges and universities, fraternal organizations, and other groups interested in learning about mental illness, addiction and related issues.
Available presentations include:
- History of Mental Illness in Oregon
- Police Use of Force Against People with Mental Illness
- Helping People with Mental Illness: How to Be an Ally
- Presentation of documentary films about mental illness and addiction
- Mental Health Advocacy 101
- Recovery as Crime Prevention: Turning the Law Upside Down
- The History of Portland's Drunk Tank
Speakers from allied agencies are also available for information on legislation in Oregon affecting the mental illness system and various health and social service topics such as low income housing, services for people with mental illness and addiction, homelessness, inclusion of peer workers in clinics and agencies.
To request a speaker for your school or group, please e-mail: _EMAIL_.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


t) \in {\bf C} \times {\bf R}: |z|^2 + (t-\frac{1}{2})^2 = \frac{1}{4} \}}, through the device of stereographic projection through the north pole {N := (0,1) \in {\bf C} \times {\bf R}}, identifying a point {z} in {{\bf C} \subset {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}} with the point {(\frac{z}{1+|z|^2}, \frac{|z|^2}{1+|z|^2})} on {S^2 \backslash \{N\}} collinear with that point, and the point at infinity {\infty} identified with the north pole {N}. This geometric perspective is especially helpful when thinking about Möbius transformations, as is for instance exemplified by this excellent video. (We may cover Möbius transformations in a subsequent set of notes.)
By unpacking the definitions, we can now work out what it means for a function to be holomorphic to or from the Riemann sphere. For instance, if {f: U \rightarrow {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}} is a map from an open subset {U} of {{\bf C}} to the Riemann sphere {{\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}}, then {f} is holomorphic if and only if
 - (i) {f} is continuous;
 - (ii) {f} is holomorphic on the set {\{ z \in U: f(z) \neq \infty\}} (which is open thanks to (i)); and
 - (iii) {1/f} is holomorphic on the set {\{ z \in U: f(z) \neq 0 \}} (which is open thanks to (i)), where we adopt the convention {1/\infty = 0}.
Similarly, if a function {f: U \rightarrow {\bf C} \cup \{ \infty\}} is a map from an open subset {U} of the Riemann sphere {{\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}} to the Riemann sphere, then {f} is holomorphic if and only if
 - (i) {z \mapsto f(z)} is holomorphic on {U \cap {\bf C}}; and
 - (ii) {z \mapsto f(1/z)} is holomorphic on {\{ z \in {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}: 1/z \in U \}}, where we again adopt the convention {1/\infty=0}.
We can then identify meromorphic functions with holomorphic functions on the Riemann sphere:
Exercise 18 Let {U \subset {\bf C}} be open, let {S} be a discrete subset of {U}, and let {f: U \backslash S \rightarrow {\bf C}} be a function. Show that the following are equivalent:
 - (i) {f} is meromorphic on {U}.
 - (ii) {f} is the restriction of a holomorphic function {\tilde f: U \rightarrow {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}} to the Riemann sphere.
Furthermore, if (ii) holds, show that {\tilde f} is uniquely determined by {f}, and is unaffected if one replaces {f} with an equivalent meromorphic function.
Among other things, this exercise implies that the composition of two meromorphic functions is again meromorphic (outside of where the composition is undefined, of course).
Exercise 19 Let {f: {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\} \rightarrow {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}} be a holomorphic map from the Riemann sphere to itself. Show that {f} is a rational function in the sense that there exist polynomials {P(z), Q(z)} of one complex variable, with {Q} not identically zero, such that {f(z) = P(z) / Q(z)} for all {z \in {\bf C}} with {Q(z) \neq 0}. (Hint: show that {f} has finitely many poles, and eliminate them by multiplying {f} by appropriate linear factors. Then use Exercise 29 from Notes 3.)
Exercise 20 (Partial fractions) Let {P(z)} be a polynomial of one complex variable, which by the fundamental theorem of algebra we may write as
\displaystyle P(z) = a (z-z_1)^{d_1} \dots (z-z_k)^{d_k}
for some distinct roots {z_1,\dots,z_k \in {\bf C}}, some non-zero {a}, and some positive integers {d_1,\dots,d_k}. Let {Q(z)} be another polynomial of one complex polynomial. Show that there exist unique polynomials {R_1(z),\dots,R_k(z),S(z)}, with each {R_i} having degree less than {d_i} for {i=1,\dots,k}, such that one has the partial fraction decomposition
\displaystyle \frac{Q(z)}{P(z)} = \sum_{j=1}^k \frac{R_j(z)}{(z-z_j)^{d_j}} + S(z)
for all {z \in {\bf C} \backslash \{z_1,\dots,z_k\}}. Furthermore, show that {S} vanishes if the degree {\mathrm{deg}(Q)} of {Q} is less than the degree {\mathrm{deg}(P)} of {P}, and has degree {\mathrm{deg}(Q)-\mathrm{deg}(P)} otherwise.
— 2. The residue theorem —
Now we can prove a significant generalisation of the Cauchy theorem and Cauchy integral formula, known as the residue theorem.
Suppose one has a function {f: U \backslash S \rightarrow {\bf C}} holomorphic on an open set {U \subset {\bf C}} outside of a singular set {S}. If {z_0 \in S} is an isolated singularity of {f}, then we have a Laurent expansion
\displaystyle f(z) = \sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty a_n (z-z_0)^n
which is convergent in some punctured disk {D(z_0,r) \backslash \{z_0\}}. The coefficient {a_{-1}} plays a privileged role and is known as the residue of {f} at {z_0}; we denote it by {\mathrm{Res}(f; z_0)}. Clearly this is quantity is local in the sense that it only depends on the behaviour of {f} in a neighbourhood of {z_0}; in particular, it does not depend on the domain {U} so long as {z_0} remains inside of that domain. By convention, we also set {\mathrm{Res}(f;z_0)=0} if {f} is holomorphic at {z_0} (i.e., if {z_0 \in U \backslash S}).
We then have
Theorem 21 (Residue theorem) Let {U \subset {\bf C}} be a simply connected open set, and let {f: U \backslash S \rightarrow {\bf C}} be holomorphic outside of a closed discrete singular set {S} (thus all singularities in {S} are isolated singularities). Let {\gamma} be a closed curve in {U \backslash S}. Then
\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_\gamma f(z)\ dz = \sum_{z_0 \in S} W_\gamma(z_0) \mathrm{Res}(f; z_0),
where only finitely many of the terms on the right-hand side are non-zero.
Proof: The image of {\gamma} is contained in some large ball; restricting {U} and {S} to this ball, we may assume without loss of generality that {S} is both discrete and compact, and thus finite (by the Bolzano-Weierstra


time it took to write the functional code. I propose that that we focus less on unit tests and replace them with what I'm calling the user contract of your code.
What is a user contract?
The consumer expects that when they perform action X, they receive outcome Y. Typically they are not concerned about how X became Y just that it does so reliably. This is what I'm calling the user contract. If we as the authors of the code take the same view from a testing perspective, it allows us to write simpler tests and gives us the ability to refactor how a library or UI component works without having to update our tests, dramatically speeding up refactoring.
While these examples are written in Javascript the same techniques apply to all languages.
Library example
Starting with a simple library that another developer may be using…
export async function fetchUserList() {
 const userList = await _queryDBForUserList();
 return await _formatUserList(userList);
function _queryDBForUserList() {
 // Fetch content from the database.
function _formatuserList() {
 // Reformat the data as returned from the database.
A consumer of this API would have a couple expectations:
These expectations then outline what your tests are:
describe('fetchUserList', () => {
 it('does not block');
 it('returns in the correct format');
You should note that we don't test any method that wasn't exported, nor do we export methods simply for testing purposes.
To aid the user in understanding what this contract is you can outline it in the docblock for the exported function. This way it can be used to generate the documentation for your library and help outline what your test structure is.
 Returns a formatted user list.
 _USER_ {Object} The user list in the following format:
 { id: INT, name: STRING, favouriteColour: STRING }
export async function fetchUserList() {
 const userList = await _queryDBForUserList();
 return await _formatUserList();
We don't explicitly test the _queryFBForUSerList and _formatUserList functions as they are implementation details. If you were to change the type of database returning the user list, or the algorithm being used to format the user list you should not have to also modify your tests as the contract to your users has not changed. They still expect that if they call fetchUserList they will receive the list in the specified format.
UI Example
Let's take a look at a UI component this time using the React javascript library, in an effort to save space I've removed the functions that aren't exported. This also helps to illustrate their irrelevance in our testing strategy.
export const LogIn = ({ children }) => {
 const userIsLoggedIn = useSelector(isLoggedIn);
 const userIsConnecting = useSelector(isConnecting);
 const button = _generateButton(userIsConnecting);
 if (!userIsLoggedIn) {
 return (

 return children;
This is a fairly simple component that renders a login button with a logo. Let's go through the exercise and see what our User Contract is:
Our tests would be:
describe('LogIn', () => {
 describe('the user is not logged in', () => {
 it('renders a logo and button to log in');
 it('renders any children passed to it');
 it('clicking the button logs in');
 describe('the user is logged in', () => {
 it('does not render a logo and button to log in');
 it('renders any children passed to it');
Testing the returned value in a UI component is a little more nuanced than checking a return value of a library function. We don't necessarily want to check every specific detail of each element returned unless it's part of the contract. I'll expand these tests with assertions but eschew the component setup and rendering in interest of space.
it('renders a logo and button to log in', () => {
 expect(wrapper.find('.login button').length).toBe(1);
it('renders any children passed to it', () => {
 expect(wrapper.find('main.items').length).toBe(3);
it('logs the user in', () => {
 wrapper.find('.login button').simulate('click', {});
It's important to note here that we have tried to limit the specific details that aren't relevant to the contract of the component. This allows the design to change and the contract to remain valid and we do not need to update the tests. This is especially beneficial when you have a shared component library within your company. You can update the designs and implementation details of your components without updating the tests.
What if I…
When writing the code and exporting methods, ask yourself if the user needs to have access to this method or if you're only doing it for testing purposes. You can always export more methods, you can't always take exported methods away.
When writing tests ask yourself how can the consumer interact with your code and what type of outcome is expected for those interactions and them make sure you have those documented and assertions in your tests.
Don't test implementation details of an exported method or UI component. Consider moving those to a different user contract if you feel they need direct testing.
More reading
I have written some content many years ago which you may also find helpful:
An advantage to components, React or otherwise, is that they can be used multiple times in various contexts across your application. As the application grows and components get modified over time the component call signatures can drift from their original spec and the many call locations across the application can miss getting updated. Compound that with shallow rendering unit tests and you've got yourself a problem where parts of your application don't work as expected because of invalid data being sent to the components, not because the components are broken themselves.
This was an issue that we ran into a few times with the Juju GUI. The Juju GUI is a web app with a large portion of it rendered using a number of parent React components which then render the appropriate children based on the state of the application. When one of the children needs access to a method or data, it's possible that it will need to be passed from the top application down through the parent and various children. This caused issues where it was easy to miss updating a components call signature when it was updated.
To remedy this, Francesco Banconi, one of my teammates wrote a Python script to analyze all of the components included in the application and their call signatures to ensure that every place it was being called, it was being called with the appropriate props.
We simply added this into our lint target in the Makefile so that CI will fail if a branch attempts to modify the call signatures without updated the rest of the application.
.PHONY: lint
lint: lint-python lint-components lint-js lint-css
.PHONY: lint-components
 @./scripts/inspect-components validate --path jujugui/static/gui/src/ --short
The GUI is over 150k lines of code without dependencies and the script takes less than 300ms to run and outputs errors similar to the following allowing you to track them down quickly.
 instantiated at: /juju-gui/jujugui/static/gui/src/app/components/entity-details/entity-details.js:98
 defined at: /juju-gui/jujugui/static/gui/src/app/components/entity-details/content/content.js:21
 entityModel provided but not declared
component validation failed: 1 error found
We have found this hugely helpful to reduce errors in the shipped application with almost no overhead during development. Should we split this out into its own tool? Would you find this helpful in your own projects? Let me know _USER_ Thanks for reading.


text:
Context of Daniel's Fast/Diet
Daniel Chapter One MKJV
Daniel Chapter One MKJV
When we do the Daniel Fast or Diet, it is good to know the Biblical context in which Daniel and his friends were living. Where was Daniel living during his fast? How long did Daniel Fast, ten days, 21 days or longer? Did Daniel continue his fast after the prescribed number of days? Why did Daniel decide to fast, diet, or abstain from the King's food? What was the result of Daniel's Diet or Fast? You can find the answers to these questions and more in the text of Daniel chapter one.
- Daniel 1:1 In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and besieged it.
- Daniel 1:2 And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God, which he carried into the land of Shinar to the house of his god. And he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god.
- Daniel 1:3 And the king spoke to Ashpenaz the master of his eunuchs that he should bring some of the sons of Israel, and of the king's seed, and of the rulers;
- Daniel 1:4 sons in whom was no blemish, but who were handsome and skillful in all wisdom; and who had knowledge and understanding, even those who were able to stand in the king's palace, and to whom they might teach the writing and the language of the Chaldeans.
- Daniel 1:5 And the king gave them the portion of a day in its day from the king's food, and the wine which he drank, even to rear them three years, so that at their end they might stand before the king.
- Daniel 1:6 And among them were four of the sons of Judah: Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah,
- Daniel 1:7 to whom the ruler of the eunuchs gave names. For he called Daniel, Belteshazzar; and Hananiah, Shadrach; and Mishael, Meshach; and Azariah, Abednego.
- Daniel 1:8 But Daniel laid on his heart that he would not defile himself with the king's food, nor with the wine which he drank. So he asked permission of the chief of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself.
- Daniel 1:9 And God had given Daniel kindness and compassion before the chief of the eunuchs.
- Daniel 1:10 And the chief of the eunuchs said to Daniel, I fear my lord the king, who has chosen your food and your drink. For why should he see your faces worse looking than the boys who are of your kind? Then you would forfeit my head to the king.
- Daniel 1:11 And Daniel said to Melzar, whom the chief of the eunuchs had set over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah,
- Daniel 1:12 I beg you, try your servants ten days. And let them give us vegetables to eat and water to drink.
- Daniel 1:13 Then let our appearance be seen before you, and the appearance of the boys who eat of the king's food. And as you see, deal with your servants.
- Daniel 1:14 So he listened to them in this matter, and tried them for ten days.
- Daniel 1:15 And at the end of ten days their faces looked fairer and fatter in flesh than all the boys who had eaten the king's food.
- Daniel 1:16 So Melzar took away their part of the food, and the wine that they were to drink, and gave them vegetables.
- Daniel 1:17 As for these four boys, God gave them knowledge and skill in all writing and wisdom. And Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams.
- Daniel 1:18 And at the end of the days that the king had said he would bring them in, the chief of the eunuchs brought them in before Nebuchadnezzar.
- Daniel 1:19 And the king talked with them. And among them all were found none like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. So they stood before the king.
- Daniel 1:20 And in any matters of wisdom and understanding that the king asked them, he found them ten times better than all the horoscopists and conjurers who were in all his kingdom.
- Daniel 1:21 And Daniel continued to the first year of King Cyrus.
Daniel Fast Recipes | Daniel Fast Food List to Avoid | Daniel Fast Food List to Enjoy | Answers to Daniel Fast Questions | Instructions: How to do a Daniel Fast | Daniel Fast Resources | Daniel Fast Blog | Daniel Fast Scriptures | Daniel Fast Tips | Daniel Fast Comments

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Palisades State Park is located in eastern South Dakota and is filled with Sioux quartzite formations estimated to be 1.2 billion years old throughout, including in Split Rock Creek which flows through the park. The park is popular with rock climbers who can climb the 50 feet or higher quartzite cliffs. The picture shows King and Queen Rock which are popular with rock climbers.
Sioux quartzite comes from sandstone that was fused into blocks of solid quartz and is pink in color. Plains Indians used this quartzite for their ceremonial pipes. An American Indian quarry outside of Pipestone, Minnesota was a trading hub whose goods have been found as far as the western side of the Rocky Mountains in archaeological digs. Many buildings in eastern South Dakota and Minnesota were built out of the rock including the Federal Building in Sioux Falls, South Dakota in 1892.
View Larger Map


text:
Cameraphones' Future May Not Be Blurry
By Carlo Longino, Mon Sep 13 22:30:00 GMT 2004
Imaging technology developed for military cameras may make its way into cameraphones.
As the novelty of cameraphones wears off, many users get tired of the blurry images taken by the small cameras, fuelling sales of 1- and 2-megapixel units. Some companies even blame the poor quality of MMS for its low uptake. But scientists are showing off some new new lenses and image processing systems originally developed for military night-vision cameras that could dramatically improve the quality of cameraphone pictures.
The new system uses a specially-coated lens along with "wavefront encoding" so that information isn't lost when pictures are saved. It helps with one big problem of early cameraphones: focus. The entire image is in focus, not just one point, making snapping pictures easier, but also negating the need for autofocus. The technology is well suited for cameraphones because instead of using additional lenses, it can rely on phones' onboard processing power to encode the images.
Cameraphones are already eating into low-end digital camera sales, but will only have a limited impact on the total market in the short term, until quality improves dramatically. Even when phones catch up in terms of megapixels, they will still be limited by lens and sensor size and quality. Phone makers then hit a catch-22, as the physical size of these elements is limited by consumer demands for small handsets.
But the military advantages of this new technology -- low cost, light weight and small size -- also fit the mobile paradigm.


text:
To recap, the 3-point Simpson rule divides the interval of integration (x0, x1, x2) into 2 equal panels of width h, and the 3 ordinates at the panel boundaries are combined using simple arithmetic
|S = (h/3) (y0 + 4y1 + y2)|
to approximate the actual integral I. Next, the rule is applied to the two subintervals (x0, x1) and (x1, x2), and the sum of these results, S next, i.e., the new best value, is checked to see if it is "close enough" to S, the most recent old best value. If so, S next is returned. If not, further subdivision is called for. This is the so-called "adaptive quadrature", as the frenzy of subdividing adapts to those sections of the interval that need it most. (Note that when subdividing the interval (x0, x1, x2) into (x0, x0.5, x1) and (x1, x1.5, x2), two new ordinates are needed at x0.5 and x1.5, but the old ordinates at x0, x1, and x2 can be reused.)
Newton-Cotes formulas with more points give better results. Simpson's rule (3-point) has an error term that is proportial to the 5th power of the interval times the 4th derivative of the integrand at some point ξ within the interval. What this means is that if the integrand does not have a 4th derivative (i.e., it is a polynomial of degree ≤ 3), Simpson's rule will give accurate quadratures at the first try! If one chooses the 5-point Boole's rule, the error term is proportional to the 7th power of the interval times the 6th derivative of the integrand. So polynomials of degree ≤ 5 would get accurate quadratures at first try. In general, a Newton-Cotes formula has an error term proportional to a power p of the interval, with p being 5 for Simpson, and 7 for Boole.
The ordinate summation for Boole's rule is
|(2/45) h [7y0 + 32y1 + 12y2 + 32y3 + 7y4]|
which is no tougher than Simpson's rule to program. (See Abramowitz & Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions, sec. 25.4.14, Bode's [sic] rule.)
Furthermore, Boole's rule starts out with 4 panels, and thus is convenient for interval-halving and ordinate sharing, just like Simpson's rule (which starts with 2 panels).
A crucial part of any adaptive Newton-Cotes quadrature is determining when the difference between S and S next, |S next - S|, is small enough. It stands to reason that the rule at every interval-halving should also halve the error spec ε, so that the subintervals equitably share the burden. However, what does that mean for the |S next - S| check? Ward & Cheney (Numerical Mathematics and Computing, 2/e, sec. 5.4, An Adaptive Simpson's Scheme) show how |S next - S| must be ≤ 15ε for Simpson's rule. Let's try the same steps without specifying which Newton-Cotes formula is in use.
Let's say at a certain step, for an interval of width h, the actual integral is I; the calculated integral is S; and the error spec (for that interval) is ε. As we've noted, the error term in S, error_term(S) = I - S is proportial to the p'th power of h.
|error_term(S) = k * hp|
Now, on halving the interval, we get S next = the sum of two quadratures, each of interval h/2. So, we have
In other words,
|error_term(S) = (2p-1)* error_term(S next)|
Obviously, | error_term(S next)| is quite a bit smaller than | error_term(S)|, which is good, but what we really want is for | error_term(S next)| to shrink to at least ε. Let's now investigate the difference between S and S next.
So, if | error_term(S next)| is to be ≤ ε, then simple multiplication gives
||(2p-1 - 1)* error_term(S next)| must be ≤ (2p-1 - 1)ε|
In other words,
||S next - S| must be ≤ (2p-1 - 1)ε|
For Simpson's rule, p = 5, so we confirm
||S next - S| must indeed be ≤ 15ε|
For Boole's rule, p = 7, so
||S next - S| must be ≤ 63ε|
One final wrinkle is due to the fact that in the course of our subdividing, we may go past the smallest representable non-zero float in our Lisp. Thus, if we find that either h or ε has decayed to machine 0, we will return whatever result we got at that point.
The entire code is in quadboole.lisp.
*quadrature-error*(i.e. the initial ε) of 1e-12, i.e., 11 correct places after the decimal.
? (quadrature (lambda (x) (/ (+ 1 (* x x)))) 0 1) ; = π/4 0.7853981633974341? (/ pi 4) 0.7853981633974483? (defun normpdf (x) (/ (exp (* -1/2 x x)) #.(sqrt (* 2L0 pi)))) NORMPDF? (quadrature #'normpdf 0 1) 0.3413447460685443 ;octave -q --eval 'printf("%.20f", normcdf(1) - 1/2)' gives ;0.34134474606854292578? (quadrature (lambda (x) (exp (- x))) 0 nil) 1.0? (quadrature #'exp nil 0) 1.0? (defun gamma (n) (cond ((< n 1) (/ (gamma (+ n 1)) n)) ((= n 1) 1) ((< 1 n 2) (let ((n-1 (- n 1))) (quadrature (lambda (x) (* (expt x n-1) (exp (- x)))) 0 nil))) (t (let ((n-1 (- n 1))) (* n-1 (gamma n-1)))))) GAMMA? (gamma 3/2) ; = (1/2)√π 0.8862269254527402? (* 1/2 (sqrt pi)) 0.8862269254527579


text:
How many hours will it take to go to the moon?
On average it takes around three days for a manned spacecraft to get to the Moon. This is based on the nine manned missions to the Moon and the six which landed on it's surface. The exact average time for all these missions was about three days and six hours.
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Teacher Notes
Gene Pool and Natural Selection
Super Value Laboratory Kit
Materials Included In Kit
Gene Pool and Natural Selection Worksheet
Pop beads, red, 900
Pop beads, white, 600
Styrofoam® cups, 15
Additional Materials Required
(for each lab group)
Safety Precautions
Do not use pop beads with small children as they can inhale or ingest them. Follow all other normal laboratory safety rules.
All materials may be stored for future use.
Teacher Tips
 - Enough materials are provided in this kit for 30 students working in pairs, or for 15 groups of students. All materials are reusable. The laboratory can be completed in one 50-minute class period. If some beads get lost, use what are available and adjust the results and calculations.
 - Basic genetic concepts are assumed in this activity and students should be familiar with them before attempting this lab. Meiosis, gamete formation, independent assortment, probabilities, phenotype and genotype are just a few of the assumed concepts.
 - The activity can be conducted even if the Hardy-Weinberg calculations are not completed. Students can understand the major trends without necessarily doing the calculations. The calculations, however, make the points more dramatically and realistically.
 - Data from both parts of the lab can be pooled into class data. The larger sample will achieve results much closer to the theoretical values. The activity can be expanded to make these comparisons.
 - Encourage students to do their drawings of the pop beads very systematically and at random. If they do so, they will get very interesting trends.
 - The assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle are not actually found in any real population. Thus, real populations are in continual change. Change in gene pools is the norm and over short periods of time selections for various traits will go completely undetected. Even though the Hardy-Weinberg Principle has its obvious shortcomings, it is an interesting tool for analyzing gene frequencies and possible trends in gene pools.
 - Interested students may want to continue the selection process for more generations and see what happens to the gene frequencies. They can graph the frequencies through the generations. They will likely find that the frequency of the alleles will level off after several generations.
Correlation to Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)
Science & Engineering Practices
Analyzing and interpreting data
Developing and using models
Disciplinary Core Ideas
MS-LS1.B: Growth and Development of Organisms
MS-LS3.A: Inheritance of Traits
HS-LS3.B: Variation of Traits
Crosscutting Concepts
Scale, proportion, and quantity
Cause and effect
Performance Expectations
HS-LS3-3. Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.
Answers to Questions
 1. Calculate the theoretical frequency of each of the genotypes (RR, RW, WW) in the original population knowing the makeup of the gene pool. (Hint: R = 0.6 W = 0.4)
p = 0.6
q = 0.4
p2 = 0.36
2pq = 0.48
q2 = 0.16
 1. Use your random drawing data in the chart above to calculate the frequency of the alleles and genotypes in the next generation. Calculate p, q, p2, 2pq and q2.
p = 0.51
q = 0.49
p2 = 0.26
2pq = 0.50
q2 = 0.24
 1. How do the frequencies of the original and the first generation compare? Is there a major change in the frequencies in the gene pool?
The gene pools are not identical, but they are very similar.
 1. Use the data collected when selection against WW occurred to calculate the theoretical frequencies in the next generation. How does the calculated frequency of RR and RW compare to the actual?
p = 0.65
q = 0.35
p2 = 0.42
2pq = 0.46
q2 = 0.12
The frequency of RR and RW are very close to the predicted values.
 1. After one generation of selection, what has happened to the gene pool?
The frequency of W in the gene pool has decreased from 0.40 to 0.35 in this example and the frequency of red has gone up from 0.60 to 0.65.
 1. If the selection against WW continues, will all of the W genes be eliminated from the population? If so, why? If not, why not?
The W gene is not likely to be completely eliminated from the gene pool because of the heterozygous individuals carrying the recessive gene.
Student Pages
Gene Pool and Natural Selection
What is a gene pool? What factors affect or change a gene pool over time?
 - Gene pool
 - Gene pool shift
 - Allele frequency
 - Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Early in the 20th century the mathematician G. H. Hardy and the physician W. Weinberg recognized a mathematical relationship that represents the allele frequencies found in a population at equilibrium. The mathematical relationship became known as the Hardy-Weinberg Principle.
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle makes certain assumptions about conditions of the population being studied:
 1. The size of the population is assumed to be large enough that slight shifts in random events would not greatly alter frequencies.
 2. The population is assumed to be stable and with little severe natural selection pressure being applied.
 3. New mutations are not occurring within the population.
 4. Matings within the population are strictly random.
 5. Organisms with different alleles or allele frequencies do not migrate into the population.
 6. Organisms with allele frequencies different than the population as a whole do not migrate out of the population.
No real world population actually meets all of the Hardy-Weinberg criteria. The short term stability of many large populations, however, allows the population to be analyzed with the Hardy-Weinberg Principle and changes in gene frequencies within the gene pool can often be detected and theorized.
A population's gene pool for a given trait is simply the total collection of the alleles for a trait contained in all the individuals in the population that have the potential to mate and pass their alleles to the next generation. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle can be applied to traits that have simple dominant/recessive relationships.
Furthermore, the frequency of two alleles for a trait are represented by the letters p and q. The allele for the dominant trait is represented by p and the recessive allele by q. The frequency of p and q add up to 1 (p + q = 1). A cross between two individuals can be shown in a Punnett Square (see Figure 1).
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle's mathematical statement is shown in Equation 1.
p = frequency of allele p
q = frequency of allele q
p2 = frequency of homozygous dominant
2pq = frequency of heterozygote
q2 = frequency of homozygous recessive
The key to utilizing the mathematical statement on real populations depends on knowing the frequency of the homozygous recessive individuals in the population. This is because the phenotype is often clearly recognized and its frequency can be counted. Once q2 is known, then q can be determined by taking the square root of q2. Since p + q = 100% or 1, p can then be calculated once q has been determined. Once p and q are known p2, 2pq and q2 are all easily derived.
The following example illustrates the nature of Hardy-Weinberg calculations:
In a population of red and white individuals, it is found that 36% of the individuals are white (WW—homozygous recessive). What is the frequency of the white allele and red allele in the total population? What is the likely frequency of heterozygous individuals?
 q2 = 0.36
 ∴ q = √0.36 = 0.6
since p + q = 1
 p + 0.6 = 1
 p = 0.4
 ∴ p2 = 0.16
 2pq = 2(0.4)(0.6) = 0.48
In summary, for this population the frequencies of alleles and genotypes would be as follows:
 q = W = 0.6
 p = R = 0.4
 p2 = RR = 0.16 red homozygous
2pq = RW = 0.48 red heterozygous
 q2 = WW = 0.36 white homozygous
Pop beads, red, 60
Pop beads, white, 40
Styrofoam® cup
Safety Precautions
Do not use pop beads with small children as they might be swallowed or inhaled. Follow other standard laboratory rules.
 1. Count 60 red pop beads and place them in the Styrofoam® cup.
 2. Count 40 white pop beads and add them to the same Styrofoam cup.
 3. The 100 pop beads will be used to represent the gene pool of alleles for a population. The red beads (R) represent the trait red which is dominant to white (W). Cover the cup with your hand and shake it


text:
Title: A Sweet Smell of Roses
Author: Angela Johnson
Illustrator: Eric Velasquez
Publisher: Aladdin Paperbacks
Publication Date: 2005
Audience: The intended audience is agest 5 – 8. However, the theme of this book, the illustrations and the storyline makes this book suitable and attractive to people of all ages. It functions very well as a book to be used to read to young children; it can operate as a challenge for newer readers because of the vocabulary used and it works well as both a conversation starter or lesson for adolescents through adults. The audience will broaden still when you look to expanding the audience beyond age. With a theme centered on the Civil Rights Movement, any and all nationalities could benefit. It can be used to help inspire the young and old to find and use their voice and/or stand up for right. It can be used to challenge and resolve conflict.
Summary: A Sweet Smell of Roses is the story of two young sisters who sneak out of the house in order to be part of a civil rights march in their town. The two young girls get to witness amazing things, like getting to see and hear Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., to clap and sing with the crowd they march with, and to be carried on the shoulders of some members of the crowd as they travel through the streets. They also get to experience the negative aspects of the march, in the form of words of hate that are yelled at the group along the way. By the end of the book, they make their way back home to an anxious mother who is very happy to see them. Throughout the book, we hear about the sweet smell of roses that is constantly in the air.
Central literary elements at work in the book: The book is told from a first person perspective which seems to be that of the eldest sister. We never learn her name, but learn her younger sister is named Minnie. The wonderful illustrations are done in an antique style of black and white with each pairing of pages containing a little splash of red. These splashes of red show up are in the little ribbon around Minnie's bear's neck and in the red of the flag as it appears on several pages and in the red of the roses that are mentioned throughout. I think, although red is so often connected to blood and love, I see the use of the red ribbon on Minnie's bear, for example, presented a symbol of innocence. When red appears on the flag, it can be seen as a symbol of pride in a country that is shared, even with some who hate. There is a page where both the bear and the flag are illustrated, however, only the bear is represented by the red ribbon. Could it be that innocence outweighs pride? It is in this same scene where the crowd is pictured shouting at the marchers "You are not right. Equality can't be yours." Innocence immediately comes to mind, especially when viewing the girl's faces, which show confused sadness, rather than the anger that clearly reflects on many of the faces of the marchers. Even the sweet smell of the roses seems to stand as a testament to innocence.
How does the book present gender, race, culture, etc.: The book, which is dealing with the theme of the civil rights movement, paints a picture of inclusion. While there are pictures of people whom the reader is not sure of their ethnicity, such as the milkman, the mailman and the men in the market; its author is intentional in showing men, women and many people of different races in the group of marchers.
Theological Conversation Partners: Themes that could be made part of a theological discussion around A Sweet Smell of Roses would include the verses that discuss loving your neighbor as yourself. Taking into account that the book is written from the perspective of a child, part of a theological discussion could include the role and responsibilities that children can and should take, not only in their religious life, but that they can play a role in the much larger aspects of our world. Along this theme, Psalms 129:2 would be an excellent partner.
Faith Talk Questions:
- Why do you think the children had to sneak out of the house? What danger do you think they could have faced? Would those dangers be different for our children today? Why or why not?
- Once they reach the crowd and the marchers, the children are swept into the excitement of the march. Imagine yourself experiencing this scene through the eyes of a child. What may have stood out to you? How do you think the children felt about those people yelling at the marchers?
- What was the role of the "sweet smell of roses" that was mentioned throughout the book?
- The mother was happy, not angry, when the children returned home. Why do you think this is?
- What role, if any, do you think God fills in this book?
This review was written by Union Presbyterian Seminary student LaDonna Harrison.


text:
Temporary experimental setups
The setups which come to ISOLDE for shorter periods are usually systems used for detection of specific decay modes of the studied nuclei. Some of them measure the gamma-rays and beta decay and strive to reconstruct the position of excited levels of the nucleus. Others use very fast gamma detectors which can say for how long different excited states live. There are setups which detect neutrons or protons, as well as alpha particles which are emitted in the decay of some nuclei. Also, systems to measure the millisecond to minute lifetime of different isotopes are used. The physics interest of these experiments spans from nuclear structure physics, through nuclear astrophysics, up to fundamental studies and applied science.


Basset history
So, is it true? Did Lafayette really give 2 basset hounds to George Washington?
The very famous British Basset - FRED
William Shakespeare
(THÉSÉE: Scene V)
A Midsummer Night's Dream
French star - Télé Z
The encyclopedia description of the Basset Hound is:
"The Basset Hound is a short-legged breed of dog of the hound family. They are scent hounds, bred to hunt by scent. Their sense of smell for tracking is second only to that of the Bloodhound. The name Basset derives from the French word "bas" meaning "low".
I will not go into all the technical details about bassets - there are more than plenty of excellent books covering the subject. Just a few facts that I found interesting.
Firstly, everyone seems agreed on the fact that Bassets are French, even though they travelled to the UK and the US where they became very popular at different times. Their first use was in hunting rabbits and hare. Being scent hounds they just trail their victims and don't actually kill them.
Once, in a field meeting in France, they were described as "paramedics"! They smell the blood of the injured animal and follow that trail till they find them. The reason their ears are so long is that they drag along the ground and this helps bring up the scents to their noses.
In France there are two distinct breeds: the Basset Hound and the Basset Artésien Normand; in other countries they do not distinguish between the two breeds.
The origins of the Basset Hound go back to the middle ages but they probably did not have exactly the same appearance as today. They started becoming popular in the latter part of the 19th century.
William Shakespeare himself even described what sounds very much like a basset hound in A Midsummer Night's Dream, in the words of Theseus :
My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kind,
So flew'd, so sanded, and their heads are hung
With ears that sweep away the morning dew;
Crook-knee'd, and dew-lapp'd like Thessalian bulls;
Slow in pursuit, but match'd in mouth like bells,
Each under each. A cry more tuneable
Was never holla'd to, nor cheer'd with horn,
In Crete, in Sparta, nor in Thessaly:
Judge when you hear.
Time magazine featured the Basset Hound in 1928 and some people think that this is what made the Basset Hound popular in the United States. I think that Fred Basset did a lot for making the breed popular in the UK, back in 1963 when Graham "gave birth" to Fred his world famous comic strip in a national newspaper.
I have often heard said that it was the Marquis de Lafayette who introduced Basset Hounds to America, offering them as a gift to George Washington. I have just read a very detailed biography on the life of Lafayette and did not see any mention of this. Ah well, I learnt plenty of other interesting things whilst reading the book, anyway.
There have been several famous Basset Hounds around the world and some connections with famous people, too. Here are just a few of them that I know about :
Droopy Dog, originally created in 1943 by Tex Avery; US
Fred Basset, comic strip created in 1963 by Graham; UK
Rosebud the Basselope, from Berke Breathed's comic strip "Bloom County"; US
Bassets in films :
Lafayette, in the 1970 Disney Film "The Aristocats"; US
Fred, in the 1977 film "Smokey and the Bandit"; US
Gabriel, in Ghost in the Shell 2 : Innocence (directed by Mamoru Oshii. Gabriel is his own dog and features in many of his films) ; US/Japan
TV Bassets :
Sherlock, on The Steve Allen Show (sung to by Elvis P in person!) on July 1st 1956; US
Flash, in the Dukes of Hazzard, 1980's; US
Cleo, The People's Choice; US
Dog, in the Columbo series; US
Quincy, from Coach; US
Sammy, from That's so Raven; US
Socrates, in Judging Amy; US
Ari, from Karen et Ari; France
Heinrich, (a German series) ; Germany
Some famous Basset Hound owners (past and present):
Queen Alexandra (wife of Edward VII) - Bijou UK; Harry Anderson - Floyd; Bob Hope - Recession; Clint Eastwood - Sidney; Candice Bergen - Dickles; Marilyn Monroe & Arthur Miller - Hugo; Rex Harrison - Homer; Anson Williams - Beau; Sara Cox - Snoop;
and not forgetting those whose bassets' names I do not know : Jean-Pierre Coff (French TV cuisine); Richard Dean Anderson (McGyver); Jake Plummer (Denver Broncos); James Earl Jones; Alton Brown; Truman Capote. Xaviera Hollander (The Happy Hooker!).
I'm sure there are plenty more.....
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text:
Trusted Madison Attorneys
Building Relationships that Last a Lifetime
Step-Parent Adoption Lawyer in Madison, MS
Our Family Lawyers Handle Step-Parent Adoptions Throughout Madison County
At Hancock Law Firm, PLLC, our Madison, MS step-parent adoption lawyers provide personalized, solutions-based legal representation to parents and families. We have experience handling both uncontested and contested step-parent adoptions. If you have questions or concerns about the process, we are more than happy to help you understand the next steps. Call us now to schedule your fully private appointment with an experienced Mississippi step-parent adoption attorney.
Know the Law: Three Parents Cannot Have Custody/Visitation Rights in Mississippi
In a minority of U.S. states, step-parent may be eligible to acquire court-protected child visitation rights even if a child's two biological parents both still have their legal rights. For example, in Louisiana, step-parent may be able to access visitation rights even as a "third" parent. However, this is not true in Mississippi. Under Mississippi state laws, no more than two individuals can have parental rights/parental responsibilities for a child. In effect, this means that a step-parent cannot get access to parental rights unless:
- The child's other parent is deceased;
- The child's other parent had their rights terminated; or
- The child's other parent is willing to relinquish their rights.
An Overview of Step-Parent Adoptions in Mississippi
Adoption is the legal process through which a person assumes parental rights/parental responsibility for a child. A significant share of adoptions in Mississippi are step-parent adoptions. Most often, this occurs when a step-parent is married to or in a domestic relationship with one of the child's legal parents. There are two broad categories of step-parent adoptions in Mississippi:
- Uncontested Step-Parent Adoption: An uncontested step-parent adoption is one in which there is no active dispute from the child's other parent. An uncontested adoption can occur in a few different scenarios. Your spouse's former partner may be deceased. Alternatively, they may have already lost their parental rights—meaning they have no authority to dispute the adoption. Finally, the other parent may also be willing to give their consent to the adoption. If they do so, it will make the process significantly easier. That being said, they will lose their parental rights if they consent to step-parent adoption. Essentially, they have to voluntarily relinquish their parental rights in order to consent to step-parent adoption.
- Contested Step-Parent Adoption: A contested step-parent is one in which the child's other parent (your spouse's former partner) still has parental rights and refuses to give their consent for the adoption to move forward. Typically, this occurs in two different scenarios. In the first, the other actively and aggressively tries to thwart the adoption process—potentially even filing motions in court. In the second scenario, the other parent simply refuses to cooperate at all. They may be difficult to locate or unwilling to engage.
As you probably already recognize, contested step-parent adoptions are more challenging. Under Mississippi law, you have to make a good faith effort to engage the other parent in the step-parent adoption process, including making a proactive attempt to provide them with official legal notice of any proceedings. A court can still approve a step-parent adoption over the objections of one of the child's legal parents—but typically this requires demonstrating that the parent in question is unfit and should lose their rights.
How Our Mississippi Step-Parent Adoption Lawyers Can Help
Step-parent adoptions can be complicated and stressful—even an uncontested step-parent adoption is not an easy process in Mississippi. At Hancock Law Firm, PLLC, we are here to walk with you every step of the way. Our mission is to make sure that you are able to get the best possible outcome for your family. Among other things, our Madison, MS step-parent adoption attorneys will:
- Conduct a comprehensive, confidential review and evaluation of your case;
- Answer any questions you may have about the Mississippi adoption laws;
- Handle all of the legal paperwork involved in the adoption process; and
- Take action to protect your rights and help you overcome any obstacles.
Call Our Madison, MS Step-Parent Adoption Lawyers for Guidance and Support
At Hancock Law Firm, PLLC, our Madison family attorneys have the specialized skills and professional expertise needed to handle the complete spectrum of step-parent adoption cases. If you have questions about a specific situation, we will get answers you can rely on. Give us a call or connect with us online for a strictly private initial consultation. We provide family law representation in Madison, Madison County, and all around the wider region.
To set up a consultation, call us at _PHONE_ or contact us online.
- Family law
- Estate Planning
- Probate & Estate Administration
- Personal Injury
- Criminal law


21
I'm converting a Habitat solution using DLLs checked into source control over to NuGet packages using the Sitecore package source feed.
When should I use the packages marked NoReferences (so that I end up with the exact same project references)? Or those without this suffix that include references to the same plus other DLLs?
0
4 Answers 4
16
The package without NoReferences suffix brings dependent Nugets containing additional DLLs. These DLLs are defined as dependencies in Nuget definition. If you check the dependencies list you will find Sitecore DLLs and third party DLLs like Newtonsoft.Json or HtmlAgilityPack in it.
The package with NoReferences suffix does not bring any dependencies. Developer expected to identify and add all required DLLs manually.
Now let's talk about what exactly is included in list of dependencies. The answer why some DLLs are included and others are not becomes clear if you check DLL references in the tool like ILSpy.
These are references in Sitecore.ContentSearch.dll: enter image description here
And these are dependencies of Sitecore.ContentSearch Nuget package: enter image description here
There is a clear pattern here. The Nuget package includes referenced assemblies as dependencies.
Now we can talk about what an assembly reference is and how it works. When our assembly executes its code it often uses types from external assemblies. References are the guidance for .NET to load the assembly that contains the required type. Interestingly, references are not used when an assembly is loaded, but when the code is executed. When the referenced assembly is missing, the application may work fine if any types from that assembly are not used at runtime.
From mentioned above you can see that the regular Nuget package is developer's safe harbour and the default choice. It includes all the references required at run-time, so you can execute any code without fear to get Could not load file or assembly error.
*NoReferences Nuget package can be used if you want to have full control over what is referenced. You can reduce amount of DLLs in your bin folder or use some specific dependency version.
15
In 2019 the answer is little bit different.
Sitecore will not release new NoReference Nuget packages. But you can get similar behavior by usage of -IgnoreDependencies setting:
enter image description here
Or by command line:
Install-Package -Id <package name> -IgnoreDependencies -ProjectName <project name>
If you want more details, there is good article that describes this approach for Sitecore.
1
 - Nice, this was needed.
 – Anicho
 Feb 14, 2019 at 12:30
9
The no-references packages allow you to add only the packages you need to your project.
Consider a package that preferences Sitecore.Kernel. The package may need Sitecore.Kernel, but not any of the packages that Sitecore.Kernel references (such as Newtonsoft). The no-references package allows you to reference only Sitecore.Kernel.
When using some smaller, more specialized packages, it makes sense to want to use the packages with references (especially for the packages that don't refer to foundational packages like Sitecore.Kernel).
2
To ensure you have complete control of the references you use in your solution I would argue you should always use the .NoReferences packages.
There is a good overview of the package source feed and some thoughts on when to use the .NoReferences suffix in this blog post _URL_
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text:
My social network data contain two large families: A and B. A and B are inner connected and also mutual connected. The organic style clearly shows the network structure. The color indicator tells the connection strength, which is quite useful.
However, is it possible to color A and B families with different color. Say, nodes belong to A are colored in blue, so there is a transition from light blue to dark blue according to the number of connections to A nodes. The same for B, but color those nodes in red.
Could you please suggest a way to realize my idea?


text:
Automatic Ejection of Plug-type Seedlings using Embedded System for use in Automatic Vegetable Transplanter
This paper presents an automatic ejection mechanism using micro-controller based system for various plug-type vegetables seedlings grown in pro-trays. The developed system consisted of an electro-mechanical unit for actuating metering shaft through stepper motor and feed roller through DC (Direct Current) motor by computer programme. Both the stepper and DC motor were linked to the micro-controller via universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter protocol using an Arduino Uno. Here, computer programme was used to integrate with electro-mechanical unit using drivers which controls the stepper motor as well as DC motor. The main objective of this paper is to provide an automatic ejection mechanism to automate the transplanting operation for plug-type seedlings directly from pro-trays. The mechanism was tested under actual field conditions for various performance parameters like plant spacing, miss planting, transplanting efficiency, effective field capacity, and field transplanting efficiency. Also, the effective field capacity was compared with conventional method of transplanting (manual transplanting). The spacing between consecutive plants was found in the range of 564 mm to 599 mm, and the miss planting was about 4.5 to 5%. Also, the transplanting efficiency and field transplanting efficiency was observed to be 90.0–92.6% and 74.1–75.6%, respectively. The effective field capacity with developed automatic vegetable transplanter was 0.093 ha/h whereas it was 0.027 ha/h with manual transplanting for both type of seedlings. The results indicated that automatic ejection mechanism can be used for automatic planting of plug-type seedlings viz. tomato, eggplant, chilli, etc. as an alternative to hand transplanting by providing a better transplanting efficiency, optimum plant spacing and ensuring timeliness in operation. Additionally, due to automation it will considerably reduce the man power requirement and enhance the productivity as compared to manual transplanting.
Automatic, Mechanism, Micro-controller, Seedlings, Transplanting
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Bump Battle: Conquering Chafing in Pregnancy with Expert Dermatologist Tips!
Bump Battle: Conquering Chafing in Pregnancy with Expert Dermatologist Tips!
Are you expecting a bundle of joy but struggling with uncomfortable chafing during your pregnancy? Don't worry, we've got you covered! In this article, we will provide you with expert tips from dermatologists on how to prevent and treat chafing, so you can stay comfortable and protect your precious skin.
Chafing is a common issue that many expecting mothers face due to the changes happening in their bodies. It occurs when the skin rubs against clothing or other skin surfaces, leading to irritation and discomfort. But fear not, there are ways to combat this pesky problem!
To prevent chafing, dermatologists recommend following a skincare routine that includes gentle cleansing and moisturizing. Choosing loose-fitting and breathable clothing made from natural fabrics can also help reduce friction. Additionally, applying a soothing remedy, such as petroleum jelly or baby powder, can provide relief and protect your skin.
When it comes to treating chafing, dermatologists suggest keeping the affected area clean and dry. Applying a healing ointment or cream can help soothe the irritation and promote faster healing. If the chafing persists or becomes severe, it's always best to consult with a dermatologist for further guidance.
Remember, pregnancy should be a joyful journey, and chafing shouldn't stand in your way. By following these expert tips, you can conquer chafing and enjoy a comfortable and blissful pregnancy. Take care of your skin, and let the glow of motherhood shine through!
Understanding Chafing during Pregnancy
Understanding Chafing during Pregnancy
Discover why chafing is common during pregnancy and how it can impact your comfort. Dermatologists explain the causes and symptoms of this condition.
Pregnancy is a beautiful and transformative journey for women, but it can also come with its fair share of challenges. One such challenge is chafing, a common skin condition that affects many pregnant women. Chafing occurs when the skin rubs against itself or clothing, resulting in irritation, redness, and discomfort. It can occur in various areas of the body, such as the thighs, underarms, and belly.
During pregnancy, hormonal changes and weight gain can contribute to increased friction and moisture in these areas, making chafing more likely. Additionally, the expanding belly can create folds of skin that rub against each other, further exacerbating the problem.
Common symptoms of chafing during pregnancy include itching, burning, and the appearance of a rash. If left untreated, chafing can lead to more severe skin issues, such as infections. Therefore, it is essential to understand the causes and take preventive measures to ensure your comfort throughout your pregnancy.
Dermatologists attribute the causes of chafing during pregnancy to several factors. Firstly, the increased levels of the hormone progesterone can lead to changes in the skin's texture and elasticity, making it more prone to friction. Secondly, weight gain during pregnancy can result in skin folds and increased pressure on certain areas, leading to chafing. Lastly, the increased sweating that often accompanies pregnancy can contribute to moisture build-up, further aggravating the condition.
By understanding the causes of chafing during pregnancy, you can take proactive steps to prevent and alleviate this discomfort. Dermatologists recommend wearing loose-fitting clothing made from breathable fabrics to reduce friction. Regularly moisturizing the affected areas can also help keep the skin hydrated and less prone to chafing. Additionally, using talcum powder or anti-chafing creams can provide a protective barrier and reduce friction.
It is crucial to consult with a dermatologist if you experience severe or persistent chafing during pregnancy. They can provide personalized advice and recommend suitable treatments to alleviate your discomfort. Remember, taking care of your skin during pregnancy is not only essential for your comfort but also for the overall well-being of you and your baby.
Tips for Preventing and Treating Chafing
Are you tired of dealing with uncomfortable chafing during your pregnancy? Don't worry, we've got you covered! Follow these expert dermatologist tips to prevent and alleviate chafing, so you can enjoy this special time without any discomfort.
 - Skincare routines: Keep your skin moisturized and well-nourished to reduce friction. Apply a gentle, hypoallergenic moisturizer regularly to keep your skin soft and supple.
 - Suitable clothing: Opt for loose-fitting, breathable fabrics that allow air circulation and minimize friction. Avoid tight clothing that can rub against your skin and aggravate chafing.
 - Soothing remedies: If chafing does occur, there are several soothing remedies you can try. Applying aloe vera gel or a diaper rash cream can help calm irritated skin. You can also use cornstarch or talcum powder to absorb moisture and reduce friction.
By following these tips, you can prevent chafing and keep your skin comfortable throughout your pregnancy journey. Remember, taking care of your skin is essential for your overall well-being, so don't neglect it!
Frequently Asked Questions
 - Q: Why is chafing common during pregnancy?
 - A: Chafing is common during pregnancy due to the changes in the body, such as weight gain and hormonal fluctuations. These changes can lead to increased friction between the skin and clothing, causing irritation and chafing.
 - Q: What are the symptoms of chafing during pregnancy?
 - A: Symptoms of chafing during pregnancy include redness, inflammation, itching, and a burning sensation in the affected areas. It commonly occurs in areas where skin rubs against skin or clothing, such as the thighs, underarms, and breasts.
 - Q: How can I prevent chafing during pregnancy?
 - A: To prevent chafing, it is important to wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing made of soft fabrics. Avoid tight or abrasive materials that can increase friction. Applying a lubricating balm or anti-chafing cream to prone areas can also help reduce friction and protect the skin.
 - Q: How can I treat chafing during pregnancy?
 - A: If chafing occurs, gentle cleansing of the affected area with mild soap and water is recommended. Applying a soothing ointment or moisturizer can help alleviate discomfort and promote healing. It is important to avoid further irritation by wearing loose clothing and allowing the skin to breathe.
 - Q: Are there any home remedies for chafing during pregnancy?
 - A: Yes, there are some home remedies that can provide relief from chafing. Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and soothe the skin. Aloe vera gel or coconut oil can also be applied to moisturize and calm the irritated skin.


HyunWook Park
I have 'a' stomachache or I have stomachache? Is 'a' necessary before stomachache or headache? If yes, why is it necessary? stomachache is not countable, is it? Thanks a lot for your help in advance! Hyunwook
Jul 3, 2015 8:37 PM
Answers · 7
it is necessary to use the article -- "stomachache" is countable in English. Note that, for medical reasons, it's only possible to have one stomach ache at a time for one person.
July 3, 2015
It isn't strictly necessary. You can say it with or without the 'a'.
July 3, 2015
Stomachache, like headache, is a countable noun in American English. In American English we almost always use a determiner (article, demonstrative pronoun, possessive pronoun) before count nouns such as these two words. And also before 'upset stomach', which is also commonly used. There is also 'bellyache', but this is informal. In fact, 'bellyache' can be used as a verb, meaning 'to complain.' This is also informal. In British English, it is spelled'stomach ache' and is a mass noun.
July 4, 2015
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Last month Hurricane Irma made landfall in Florida, leaving a wake of devastation in its path. An estimated $2.5 billion in damage was done to production agriculture across the Sunshine State. Dairy producers were not hit as hard as other sectors, but losses are still expected to total near $12 million according to officials with the Florida Department of Agriculture.
"Florida agriculture took it on the chin as Hurricane Irma pummeled the state, and the $2.5 billion in agricultural damages is only an initial assessment," says Adam H. Putnam, Florida commissioner of agriculture.
A report released by the Florida Department of Agriculture with data from USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service assessed damage in all of Florida's 67 counties.
Irma forced milk processing plants to shutdown prior, during and after the storm. Southeast Milk Inc., a milk cooperative in with members across Florida, lost an estimated $1,951,695 from milk dumping and milk being sold at lower prices in other markets.
Electricity went down for several days at dairies making cooling animals with fans difficult, leading to heat stress and lower milk production. It is estimated Florida dairy farms will lose $7.5 million in revenue during the next four months because of the health setbacks cattle suffered.
An estimated 40 dairies incurred significant damage from Irma to barns, equipment, fences and other structures. No official number is released, but estimates include:
- $4,000 per farm in debris cleanup and rebuilding fences: $160,000.
- $50,000 per farm in damage to barns, sheds, milk parlors, and other infrastructure: $2,000,000.
- $5,000 per farm in equipment damage: $200,000.
"We're likely to see even greater economic losses as we account for loss of future production and the cost to rebuild infrastructure," Putnam says.
Total losses, including crop losses, to dairy producers in the state are estimated to be $11,811,695.
Losses for other agriculture industry sectors include:
- Citrus: $760,816,600
- Beef Cattle: $237,476,562
- Aquaculture: $36,850,000
- Fruits and Vegetables (Excludes Citrus): $180,193,096
- Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture: $624,819,895
- Sugar: $382,603,397
- Field Crops: $62,747,058
- Forestry $261,280,000
The report states Florida has more than 100 dairies milking 125,000 total cows. Annually milk sales are more than $500 million in Florida.


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CAYSTON is an inhalation-specific formulation of aztreonam, a monobactam antibiotic
Monobactams Inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) Cell Wall Synthesis
- Monobactams are structurally different from other beta-lactam antibiotics (eg, penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems) due to a monocyclic nucleus.
- This nucleus contains several side chains: sulfonic acid in the 1-position activates the nucleus, an aminothiazolyl oxime side chain in the 3-position confers specificity for aerobic Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas spp., and a methyl group in the 4-position enhances beta-lactamase stability.
- Aztreonam exhibits activity in vitro against Gram-negative aerobic pathogens including Pa.
- Aztreonam binds to penicillin-binding proteins of susceptible bacteria, leading to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and death of the cell.
- Aztreonam activity is not decreased in the presence of CF lung secretions.
Please see Important Safety Information below.


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Biochemistry Quiz PDF - Complete
Study Enzyme Inhibition Specificity Co-enzymes and Mechanisms of Action multiple choice questions and answers, enzyme inhibition specificity co-enzymes and mechanisms of action quiz answers PDF 95 to study Biochemistry course online. Enzymes MCQ trivia questions, Enzyme Inhibition Specificity Co-enzymes and Mechanisms of Action Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) for online college degrees. "Enzyme Inhibition, Specificity, Co-enzymes and Mechanisms of Action MCQ" PDF eBook: vitamin k: chemistry, functions and disorders, vitamin a: chemistry, functions and disorders, general characteristic, classification and distribution of proteins, factors affecting enzyme activity, enzyme inhibition, specificity, co-enzymes and mechanisms of action test prep for online degree programs.
"The enzyme that is used in cheese preparation, included;" MCQ PDF: urease, lipase, endonuclease, and all of above for colleges that offer online classes. Learn enzymes questions and answers to improve problem solving skills for accredited distance learning universities.
MCQ: The enzyme that is used in cheese preparation, included;
MCQ: If the substrate concentration is high, an enzyme becomes;
MCQ: The α-helix is stabilized, by the extensive;
MCQ: β-Carotenes, functioning as an;
MCQ: Vitamin 'K-1' is also named as phylloquinone, found in;


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Boulder, CO (PRWEB) April 03, 2014
Commenting on these innovative new products, Ron Adkins, Vice President Life Sciences Division said: "Leveraging our many years of experience working with aseptic pharmaceutical users, we designed the new MiniCapt line to simplify their job, improve efficiency, and reduce errors – from instrument setup to sample collection to digital data management."
The MiniCapt Mobile Microbial Air Sampler simplifies the job of microbial air sampling by applying modern data management capabilities that save time and reduce operator error in air sampling data. The intuitive touchscreen interface allows for easy use with cleanroom gloves without the need for a stylus. The HEPA-filtered exhaust does not add contamination to the cleanroom, while the stainless steel microbial impactor and sanitizable enclosure are ideally suited for aseptic environments.
The MiniCapt Remote Microbial Air Sampler also simplifies microbial air sampling in critical areas where central vacuum is not available. The Remote unit communicates to an Environmental Monitoring System, which allows remote automation of the sampling process. This approach reduces operator errors that may occur from incorrect sampling procedures or recording of data. The rugged stainless steel construction allows for the unit to be used in the most critical areas in a cleanroom, such as directly on filling lines or isolators for Grade A monitoring.
The MiniCapt Mobile and Remote Microbial Air Samplers can both utilize the same accessories for sampling compressed gases, monitoring in an isolator, or connection to the BioCapt Microbial Impactor or BioCapt Single-Use Microbial Impactor for routine cleanroom monitoring. These accessories incorporate the radial inlet slit design that simplifies false-positive identification to reduce investigation costs
The MiniCapt Mobile and MiniCapt Remote Microbial Air Samplers are the latest products to simplify the environmental monitoring process in pharmaceutical cleanrooms.


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Dreadlocks are a unique and captivating hairstyle that has been embraced by people from various cultures and backgrounds for centuries. Whether you are starting your dreadlock journey or have been sporting them for years, one thing remains constant – the need for proper maintenance and care. This is where dreadlock products, particularly dreadlock sprays, come into play. In this article, we will explore the world of dreadlock spray and other essential dreadlock products to help you achieve and maintain your dream locks.
The Basics of Dreadlocks
Before delving into the world of dreadlock products, it's essential to understand the basics of dreadlocks. Dreadlocks, commonly referred to as "dreads," are formed by allowing hair to mat and tangle over time. This process can occur naturally or be initiated intentionally through techniques like backcombing, twisting, or interlocking. Once the hair has locked together, maintaining the shape and health of your dreadlocks becomes a significant consideration.
Why Use Dreadlock Products?
Dreadlock products are specifically formulated to address the unique needs of locked hair. They play a crucial role in ensuring that your dreads remain healthy, clean, and well-maintained. Here are some reasons why using dreadlock products, including dreadlock spray, is essential:
- Hydration: Dreadlocks can sometimes become dry and brittle. Dreadlock sprays are formulated to add moisture to your locks, preventing them from becoming too dry and prone to breakage.
- Cleanliness: Proper hygiene is essential for healthy dreadlocks. Dreadlock shampoos and cleansers help remove build-up and keep your locks fresh and clean.
- Maintenance: Dreadlock products like maintenance creams and gels help in maintaining the shape and structure of your dreads, preventing them from unraveling or merging together.
- Frizz Control: Dreadlock sprays and serums can help control frizz and keep your locks looking neat and well-defined.
Choosing the Right Dreadlock Spray
When it comes to dreadlock products, choosing the right dreadlock spray is crucial. Here are some factors to consider when selecting a dreadlock spray:
- Ingredients: Look for natural ingredients that are gentle on your hair and scalp. Avoid products with harsh chemicals that can damage your dreadlocks over time.
- Hydration: Choose a dreadlock spray that provides adequate moisture to your locks without leaving them too greasy or weighed down.
- Fragrance: Consider the scent of the dreadlock spray, as it will linger in your hair. Opt for a fragrance that you find pleasant and not too overpowering.
- Hold and Control: Depending on your dreadlock style, you may need a dreadlock spray with varying levels of hold and control. Some sprays provide a soft hold, while others offer a stronger hold to maintain the shape of your locks.
- Reviews: Research and read reviews from other individuals with dreadlocks to get insights into which products work best for different hair types and styles.
Other Essential Dreadlock Products
In addition to dreadlock sprays, there are several other dreadlock products you should consider for your hair care routine:
- Dreadlock Shampoo: A specialized dreadlock shampoo is designed to cleanse your locks without unraveling or damaging them.
- Dreadlock Wax: Dreadlock wax can be used sparingly to help hold your locks together and control frizz. However, be cautious not to overuse it, as it can lead to build-up.
- Maintenance Cream: These products are designed to help your locks stay in shape by providing a light hold while also moisturizing and conditioning your hair.
- Locking Gel: Locking gels are helpful during the initial stages of creating dreadlocks, helping to shape and set the locks as they form.
Dreadlocks are a beautiful and expressive hairstyle that requires care and attention to maintain their health and appearance. Using the right dreadlock products, including dreadlock sprays, can make a significant difference in the quality and longevity of your locks. Remember to choose products that are tailored to your hair type and style, and always follow a regular maintenance routine to keep your dreadlocks looking their best. With the right products and care, you can unlock the secret to beautiful, well-maintained dreadlocks that turn heads and leave a lasting impression.


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ABSTRACT

Multiple-valued Kleenean functions that are models of a Kleene algebra and are logic functions expressed by logic formulas composed of variables, constants, and logic operations AND OR, and NOT are discussed. The set of Kleenean functions, is a model with the largest number of logic functions among existing models of a Kleene algebra, such as fuzzy logic functions, regular ternary logic functions, and B-ternary logic functions. Mainly, it is shown that any p-valued Kleenean function is derived from a monotonic ternary input functions and any p-valued unate function is derived from a unate binary input function. The mapping relations between them and the method to determine the logic formula of the Kleenean function and unate function from that of the monotonic ternary input function and unate binary input function, respectively, are classified. 7-or-less-valued Kleenean functions and unate functions of 3-or-fewer variables are enumerated. It is known that the number of p-valued Kleenean functions increases stepwise and that of unate functions increases smoothly as p becomes larger.

INDEX TERMS
multiple-valued Kleenean functions; logic formulas; Kleene algebra; logic functions; variables; constants; fuzzy logic functions; regular ternary logic functions; B-ternary logic functions; monotonic ternary input functions; p-valued unate function; mapping relations; fuzzy logic; many-valued logics.
CITATION
K. Yamato, K. Nakashima, Y. Hata, "Some Fundamental Properties of Multiple-Valued Kleenean Functions and Determination of Their Logic Formulas", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 42, no. , pp. 950-961, August 1993, doi:10.1109/12.238485
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In A New Kind of Science: Open Problems and Projects(pg. 36).
How can one extend recursive function definitions to continuous numbers? What is the continuous analog of the Ackermann function? The symbolic forms of the Ackermann function with a fixed first argument seem to have obvious interpretations for arbitrary real or complex values of the second argument. But is there a general way to extend these kinds of recursive definitions to continuous cases? Given a way to do this, how does it apply to recursive definitions like those on page 130?... Stephen Wolfram
The following is an example of a flow of a map from MO f(f(x))=exp(x)-1 and other functions "just in the middle" between linear and exponential..
Consider $g(x)=e^x-1$. Then $g^n(x)= x+\frac{1}{2!}n x^2+\frac{1}{3!} \left(\frac{3 n^2}{2}-\frac{n}{2}\right) x^3+\frac{1}{4!} \left(3 n^3-\frac{5 n^2}{2}+\frac{n}{2}\right) x^4 $ $+\frac{1}{5!} \left(\frac{15 n^4}{2}-\frac{65 n^3}{6}+5 n^2-\frac{2 n}{3}\right) x^5 $
$ +\frac{1}{6!} \left(\frac{45 n^5}{2}-\frac{385 n^4}{8}+\frac{445 n^3}{12}-\frac{91 n^2}{8}+\frac{11 n}{12}\right) x^6 $
$ +\frac{1}{7!}\left(\frac{315 n^6}{4}-\frac{1827 n^5}{8}+\frac{6125 n^4}{24}-\frac{1043 n^3}{8}+\frac{637 n^2}{24}-\frac{3 n}{4}\right) x^7 + \cdots$
Note that $g^0(x)=x, g^1(x)=e^x-1$ and that a symbolic mathematical program will also confirm that $g^m(g^n(x))=g^{m+n}(x) +O(x^8)$.
The half-iterate is also computed correctly, $g^\frac{1}{2}(x)=x+\frac{x ^2}{4}+ \frac{x^3}{48} +\frac{x^5}{3840}-\frac{7 x^6}{92160} +\frac{x^7}{645120}$ See MO What's a natural candidate for an analytic function that interpolates the tower function? for more background.
 1. What evidence is there for believing that maps do not have flows? Is there anything known that would prevent proofs to establish existence, uniqueness, and convergence? References would be nice but an explanation would be better.
 2. Consider $f(f(x))=g(x)$ where $g: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$. Can $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ be an appropriate solution or must $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$?
 3. Likewise, is there any reason beyond aesthetics for believing that maps have flows?
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People might take your question more seriously if you removed all mention of Wolfram and his weighty tome. – S. Carnahan Oct 23 '10 at 11:05
Personally, I don't see why we can't take his question seriously regardless. – Cam McLeman Oct 23 '10 at 14:30
1 Answer 1
up vote 6 down vote accepted
In general, there are obstructions for a map being the "time one map" of a flow (see this question).
However, and I am not quite sure this is what you are looking for, there is a general procedure to construct flows out of maps, namely the suspention. For the map $g:M \to M$ you consider the flow in $M\times \mathbb{R}$ given by $\varphi_t((x,s))= (x, s+t)$ and you quotient by $(x,s) \sim (g(x),s+1)$. This gives a flow, whose time one map preserves a set homeomophic to $M$ where the dynamics is $g$.
In the case of a map from $[0,\infty)$ to $[0,\infty)$ fixing $0$ you can work out flow to be defined in $\mathbb{C}$ and such that the time one map is $g$, so this would give a partial answer to $2.$.
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Thanks for your response. I've seen some version of this question asked a number of times and it never seems to be substantially resolved. There are a considerable number of researchers studying tetration, iterated exponentiation, where $^{1}a=a, ^{2}a=a^a, ^{3}a=a^{a^a}$. This leads to questions like "can $^\frac{1}{2} a$ be defined?" and is $f(x)=^x e$ a valid solution if $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$. Any further insight into problems with extending tetration to the real and complex numbers would be appreciated. – Daniel Geisler Oct 23 '10 at 23:52
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Strive for financial wellness this festive season
Debt counselling is the best way to ensure your financial wellbeing if you struggle to repay your monthly debt.
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The festive season is here and many South Africans are immersed in debt and their financial prospects look bleak. Life does not always turn out the way we plan, and things can change within the blink of an eye.
Just like the Covid-19 pandemic changed the world overnight. Such events can also affect your financial wellbeing. Unemployment, retrenchment, unexpected illness, a death in the family and major life changes can change your life and financial situation.
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How can you enter the festive season without the stress and guilt brought about by debt? If you are having trouble paying your bills and settling outstanding debt at the end of the month, debt counselling may be the answer for you.
Debt counselling is the best way to ensure your financial wellbeing if you struggle to repay your monthly debt. Take care of your financial wellbeing this festive season.
What is financial wellness?
Financial wellbeing is the overall health of your finances. This is the interaction between your finances and your physical, spiritual, and social wellbeing. Research shows that when you are concerned about your finances, it affects your productivity, adds strain on your relationships and can lead to depression. It is your relationship with money and your finances and the influence it has on your everyday life.
When is one financially healthy?
 - When you can cover your monthly and day-to-day expenses without worrying about it.
 - When you can make additional purchases without struggling financially afterwards.
 - When you can settle emergency bills or accounts without worrying about it.
 - When you can choose where you want to live, whether you want children and whether you can buy what you want within limits.
 - When you can set future financial goals and follow a plan to achieve those goals. It may be to buy a house, to save for university fees or to save for your retirement.
Five tips to improve your financial health
 1. Spend less than you earn. It is going to be difficult to pursue future financial stability when you spend more money than you earn.
 2. Stick to a budget.
 3. Pay off your credit card, loans, and accounts.
 4. Set up a savings plan.
 5. Invest your money – do sufficient research and be 100% sure before investing any money.
Martin Snyman is a registered debt counsellor.
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Debt counselling ONLY deals with debt!! What you need to do is review all those inflationary increases on your "policies!" Many people have policies that go up by 10% (15% older policies.) They get a 2 % raise if any at all.So if you die, get a dreaded disease. or become disabled you are covered. If you don't get this stuff (death inevitable) YOU ARE BROKE! Now we have hospital cover, animal insurance etc… How about divorce insurance?????????? No one has thought of that yet????? Why does your life cover payment go up every year and the cover DOES NOT??????? Why does your car insurance go up every year and your car gets older? Why does your house contents insurance go up and your "stuff" gets older?????????????? Educate yourself!! Dr. Debt
Basically, no one will write off your debt.
Taking on debt to finance consumer goods takes the borrower down the following path.
One man's debt is another man's asset. If you haven't got your own plan, you are part of someone else's plan. This financial mechanism called debt is a conduit that syphons off the value of your labour, into the pocket of someone with a plan. Debt is a mechanism that takes the future value of your labour to build another person's assets now.
Debt is the modern form of feudalism. The debtor is a wiling serf to the lender Barron. This financial mechanism allows people who do not understand compound growth to enslave themselves to people who do.
Compound interest. "Those who understand them earn them, and those who do not understand, pay them." — Albert Einstein.
Then, on the flip side, we find productive debt, also known as financial gearing or leverage. Borrowing to fund education, a house, or a cheap secondhand car to take you to work, can be seen as good debt. If the value of the debt rises faster than the value of the assets, the equity goes down to the point of bankruptcy.
The South African government borrows to finance consumption, not productive assets. The ANC forces the entire nation to work for European and American pension funds. The average citizen voted himself into serfdom. A government bond is a new form of colonialism.
No army or oppressor forces it upon them. They use the financial system to invite the new colonialist to exploit the assets of the nation. The average voter pawns the future of his children to support the pension of a European retiree. The entire South African GDP has already been transferred to local and foreign pension funds. Our economy belongs to the new colonialists – the lender Barrons, and the average voter fights in the streets to support this process.
It is clear which group has a plan, and which group is clueless.
Very well articulated. Your ability to stretch one's perspective is something i do not take for granted. Thank you for your comment. Keep well!
Much appreciated King Khan. Best wishes for the Festive Season.
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Chemists uncover new role of a key base in organic synthesis
By Carol Clark | eScienceCommons | Oct. 15, 2014
An international team of chemists has discovered a new piece to the puzzle of how a powerful base used in organic synthesis, cesium carbonate, plays a pivotal role during a catalytic reaction.
The research, published by the Journal of the American Chemical Society, was led by Jamal Musaev, a theoretical chemist at Emory University, and Ken Itami, an experimental chemist from Nagoya University in Japan. Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou, China, also contributed to the findings.
Many organic chemistry reactions are acid/base reactions, involving the exchange of positively charged hydrogen atoms. Acids donate the positively charged hydrogen and bases accept it.
The current research focused on the use of cesium carbonate as a base. Cesium carbonate has recently been observed to accelerate a particular class of catalytic reactions, a phenomenon termed the "cesium effect."
The use of cesium carbonate base and carboxylic acids co-catalysts have been shown to be critical in a number of recent carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond functionalization reactions. The full story behind the impact of this base was previously not clear. It was known that the cesium base removed hydrogen protons, or scavenged acidic acid, from the solution, and was also involved in the exchange of ligands during a reaction, but these two factors did not explain the acceleration seen.


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CHADBOURN -- The community of Chadbourn began celebrating black history month this weekend. More than 50 people gathered to share what black history means to them on Saturday. The annual Black History Expo is part of a local celebration in Chadbourn, highlighting influential African American figures while showcasing local talent. The event featured young performers, traditional folk music and the work of local black artists. Organizers say this is one positive event where children in the area can appreciate their heritage. Angela Leach with the Black History Expo said, "They will learn a sense of pride, it helps them identify who they are, as adults we need to encourage and to enlighten them so they can grow." One folk artist could trace his ancestry all the way back to the 1700s. The event also provided health information on medical conditions that affect African-Americans and also gave people the opportunity to register to vote.
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