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Sounding Knowledge: News
Sounding Knowledge Network
AHRC Network Research Project (2022-2023)
Aural Literacy Workshop 1 – Bamberg, Germany
In early December 2022, the Sounding Knowledge Network met in Bamberg, Germany for the first of our off-line Aural Literacy Workshops. The core team (consisting of Salomé Voegelin, Werner Friedrichs, Kevin Logan, Kerstin Meissner, Michael Gallagher, Abigail Hirsch and Timothy Smith) were joined by project participants Ingeborg Okkels, Marcus Wachter, Shanti Suki Osman, Selmar Schülein, Steffen Pelzel, Yosa Peit, as well as PhD students from the University of Bamberg, Verena Männer, Julian Schröter, Jana Ziel, Hanna Sophia Kaufmann, Ana Patricia Schultz, Vincent Weikert, Manuel Krauss and Lukas Barth, and Maxim Himmelspach from the University of the Fine Arts Braunschweig.
The workshop participants were tasked with building on the work achieved during two online meetings (see here for a list of participants), which took place in September and October 2022 and explored the practical and theoretical frameworks of sound in education, and education through sound. The first of these online meetings explored 'Positionalities' through an exchange of expertise, methods and tools as well as through presentations and discussion, to find the problems and promises of a Sonic Pedagogy. The second online meeting developed these positionalities through a focus on methodologies of teaching and learning through plenum discussions and breakout sessions, comparing methods, aims, methodologies and finally arriving at four speculative scenarios which subsequently became four questions which provided a conceptual starting point for our work in Bamberg:
- How can we use/produce sounds to grasp the material and spatial process of the political positioning-in-the-world/society?
- In what ways can a playful engagement with sound create a site for relational and experiential learning? And how might these sonic practices positively disrupt epistemic power structures and preconceptions?
- How can we use sounding and listening to create space for non-representationality?
- In what ways can we use Sounding and Listening to grasp and practice something that is unfamiliar/new to the students?
These questions structured and informed our aim to produce a teaching toolkit in Bamberg. The participants split into four groups, each tasked with thinking through their allocated question to create methods and tools for an applied scenario that might generate a Sonic Pedagogic moment. At the end of the first full day we came back together in plenum to present our tentative findings before enjoying a wonderful dinner in the beautiful old town of Bamberg, where less structured but fruitful discussions on sound, education, politics and art continued and networks were strengthened. The following half-day was spent developing these ideas further, with each group attempting to generate concrete text-scores, instructions, methods, tools, and pathways that could be communicated and ultimately transferred across pedagogical scenarios to create cross-disciplinary and applied possibilities for the promotion and testing of Aural Literacy.
These outcomes will be developed, responded to, applied and tested further in the next meeting which will take place in in February 2023 in London, when the core team, adjunct members, together with PhD students from the University of the Arts London and invited experts from Sound, Music, Pedagogy and Education will meet to together work towards the stated aim of the project: to create a Zine as a workbooklet for a Sonic Pedagogy
UAL Teaching Conference 2022
This paper with performance element introduces the 'Sounding Knowledge Network', an AHRC (Arts and Humanities Research Council UK) funded network project that responds to the visuo-centrism of conventional educational methods and the resulting lack of participative and embodied learning opportunities. The paper part will articulate the motivation and aims of the project, while its performative element will practically speculate on its methods. The objective is to introduce Sonic Pedagogy as a transversal practice that uses embodied, sensory and tacit learning possibilities, which are able to nurture a sensational dimension in education.
The hope is that participants will come, if not to fully understand, then at least to imagine the potential and need for sonic competencies, the skill to engage in a subject/discipline or materiality through the relational capacity of sound, and that they come to appreciate the benefits of a sonic sensibility, the ability to hear one's own position within a plural and interdependent world. The objective is to help the the audience to in their own teaching and learning use sound's invisible and connecting dimensionality and to become able to understand how it might augment their practices, allowing them to include the affective and the sensational in their own educational work.
The Sounding Knowledge conference presentation can be downloaded here.


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What Is a TSO Officer?
Transportation security officers, or TSOs, work at airports to help protect passengers by screening for dangerous objects in luggage, cargo or on passengers. TSOs work for the Transportation Security Administration, an agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The TSA has strict qualifications for TSOs, along with a pay scale that differs from the general schedule pay table used for most federal employees.
Typical Duties
TSOs operate the equipment used for security screenings, including hand wands and X-ray machines. They monitor passenger flow at checkpoints to help maintain order and to facilitate passenger processing. TSOs may also screen cargo and luggage for any potentially hazardous objects. If required, TSOs perform pat-down searches on passengers. They report any issues indicating a vulnerable area or weakness in the screening process to their supervisors.
All TSOs must be U.S. citizens and able to speak, write and read English. The TSA conducts a thorough background investigation on candidates. TSOs must pass a medical exam, as well as an alcohol and drug screening. Candidates must also achieve an acceptable score on an aptitude test. TSOs may be required to lift luggage weighing as much as 70 pounds, walk as many as two miles during a shift or stand for up to four hours at a time, so they must also pass a test of their physical abilities.
Application Process
The TSA posts job vacancies on the federal website, _URL_. Each posting contains the exact process applicants should follow. Candidates should follow these instructions carefully to ensure that all required forms are submitted. After selecting the best-qualified applicants, supervisors may conduct telephone or face-to-face interviews.
The TSA does not use the standard general schedule. Instead, it assigns pay bands from A to M, each of which has a minimum and maximum salary. TSOs are assigned to either pay band D or E. The salary range for pay band D was $25,518 to $38,277, as of 2012, and the range for pay band E was $29,302 to $44,007. These salaries do not reflect locality pay, which increases the salary based on geographic location.
TSOs are eligible for a variety of benefits. They receive a uniform allowance and transportation subsidies. The TSA provides paid training, and employees can choose from a wide selection of medical insurance programs. Employees receive 10 paid holidays annually, vacation, sick and personal leave time, flexible schedules and life insurance. TSOs may choose to participate in a flexible spending account and a thrift savings plan for retirement.


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Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) organized 'Eco-Hike and Tree Plantation Drive' in the Margalla Hills to raise awareness about preservation and protection of the environment.
The event was held as part of PTCL's 'Go Green' vision, which is a manifestation of the company's corporate social responsibility policy, aimed at preserving the environment in a sustainable manner.
The initiative emphasized the importance of keeping the surroundings clean and raised awareness in the community about environmental issues.
More than 230 hikers including PTCL employees and students participated in the hike, which started at the base of Margalla hills on Trail 3 & 5 and culminated at the picturesque Pir Sohawa.
The participants also collected litter along the trails, with an aim to raise awareness among the general public about the need to keep the environment clean. Students and faculty members from various universities including Iqra, FAST and Bahria University were also invited to take part in this CSR initiative.
A tree plantation drive in collaboration with CDA was also launched at the occasion; where top brass of PTCL, led by Syed Mazhar Hussain, Chief Human Resource Officer (CHRO) PTCL, planted pine tree saplings.
Syed Mazhar Hussain, CHRO PTCL while speaking at the occasion enunciated the value that PTCL attaches to various socially responsible activities that it undertakes under the aegis of its CSR policy. He vowed to keep the momentum of such activities in future also, so that PTCL continues to play its part in the social and economic uplift of the country.
At the closing ceremony, an environment awareness session was also held, where renowned environmentalist Dr. Muhammad Hanif elaborated the need for preservation and protection of environment.
Sanaullah Aman, Member Environment CDA, assured of his agency's full cooperation to the civil society and corporate organizations in accomplishing this objective.
Protecting the environment and keeping the habitat clean is at the forefront of PTCL's social responsibility initiatives and the company actively pursues endeavours to keep the environment clean.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The Caribbean can be a wonderful place to shop for exotic fruit, from the soursop variety to plantains. Jamaicans really pride themselves on growing fresh fruits and veggies and with varieties you can't get in too many other places. Here are some fruits to shop for in Montego Bay.
The Soursop is native to the Caribbean, and is of the same family as the pawpaw tree. It grows very well in humid climates and is used by many Caribbean countries in smoothies and desserts. In some Asian countries, it's called the thorny custard apple. The flavor of the soursop has been described as blend of pineapple with citrus flavors and makes an excellent creamy base for smoothies, ice creams and Asian style desserts.
Also called the Malay apple, this is an oblong-shaped fruit with a dark red skin that is similar to that of the pomegranate. It's used primarily for medicinal reasons, for diabetes and constipation remedies.
This is a glossy green fruit whose flesh is a deep green color very near the skin and the seed is large and yellow (as with all avocadoes, you cannot eat the seed). Most of the fleshy fruit when harvested becomes buttery and creamy and is used for side dishes and dips.
Jamaica may not be known for its chocolate, but it is certainly home to some fine cocoa plants. The cocoa plant has small white flowers that bloom when mature.
A popular Caribbean fruit which looks small and pale green or greenish red (depending on the ripeness level), the guava has an edible fleshy center with tiny seeds (also edible). These are great thirst quenchers and contain a lot of vitamin C and iron.


The Hunt for Sustainable Materials
Charlie Bradley Ross Thursday, 19 March 2015
Trying to be an ethical designer working with sustainable materials can be tough. You've come up with a brilliant eco design concept and are ready to get going... but, hang on, how do you go about sourcing the materials? At Offset Warehouse we bridge one gap, providing ethical fabrics and trimmings, but often that's only one piece of the puzzle...
What if you fancy some recycled wood for your interior decor project or you want to know where best car boot sales or flea markets to source materials for upcycling?
Let me introduce RE-search Map, a great project aimed to make this sort of searching a little bit easier. This is what Performance Design and Practice tutor at Central Saint Martins, Gary Campbell, had to say about his creation, RE-search Map.
A new way to find my _TAG_ _TAG_ materials! _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_
So Gary, what is RE-search?
RE-search is a collaborative map where you can search for sustainable materials. Using google maps I upload information about markets, car boots, second hand and vintage stores where my students might be able to source interesting materials, costumes and props for their projects.
It also lists sustainable and ethically minded organisations where innovative projects and initiatives are workshopped.
Sourcing Sustainable Materials
What inspired you to start the project?
I started RE-search in an attempt to embed sustainability into the curriculum on the Foundation course, sharing my knowledge of these resources and encouraging students and other staff to add their own. I wanted to introduce my students, some of whom have just arrived in London, to alternative suppliers and resources, so they didn't become reliant on the college shop.
Sourcing Sustainable Materials
How does it work?
There are a few ways you can add to the project. If you know of a great source for reclaimed or sustainable produced materials you can add it directly adding to the google map on the website or by sending the information through to me at [email protected].
If you have found out about an event, or read an article that is of interest you or just seen a load of great stuff on the street and can't possibly use it all yourself then you can tweet about it _USER_
Initially it was aimed at my Foundation students studying Performance design and practice but I had always imagined it would be useful for the other courses at Central Saint Martins and in fact for most artist designers.
How has it been going so far?
As for positive results from interactions with the site, the performance design curriculum area on the foundation have incorporated use of the site in their most recent project and most of the materials sourced for these projects was reclaimed. One student, Gina Martin, found a great armchair and dismantled it to use in her costume, she made a brick wall skirt out of the padding (see the photo above).
Screen Shot 2015-01-26 at 11.06.49
We have also made some productive site visits to some of the locations found on the map as you can see in the "Mudlarking on the Thames" entree - shown above.
Apart from that, I've been excited by the discovery of new sustainable materials such as fungi insulation - literally growing your own walls, and pineapple leather!
Gary's concept is very new and is working well so far, but the more people who get involved the more sucessful it will be! So whatever you find, get adding to his map and sharing sustainable material sourcing. Also, if you are a bit of a technical whizz, Gary would love someone to help turn the concept into an app! Brilliant idea.
I'm getting involved with the RE-search map! _USER_


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Paul Cyr, James Price and Andrew Feimster
November 14, 2012 | 2 Comments
Innovative engineering and design is turning a 30-year-old flood storage dam into a hydroelectric power producer at Jordan Dam.
The 4.4-MW Jordan Hydroelectric Project, installed on the discharge tower of a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers flood storage dam, is truly the first of its kind. The project involves the installation of two conventional vertical Kaplan turbine-generators located on the upstream side of the discharge tower.
Each turbine-generator is installed in an enclosure that seals (like a headgate) to the upstream side of the tower's intake. While the two turbines have a total discharge capacity of 1,100 cubic feet per second (cfs), the hydroelectric project controls flow releases of up to 3,100 cfs through project equipment. Above 3,100 cfs, the units are raised to allow flows to pass underneath while continuing to generate power. When flows exceed the hydraulic capacity of the hydro project, the equipment is raised to restore the full discharge capacity. The project required negligible modifications to the discharge tower and does not affect the Corps' operation of the tower or control of flow releases.
The first turbine became commercially operational in January 2012 and the second in July 2012. Many design features implemented in the Jordan Hydroelectric Project could be used at other dams that contain a similar discharge tower.
Jordan Dam in Moncure, N.C., was built in 1982 and is a rock-filled structure 113 feet high and 1,200 feet long. It is owned and operated by the Corps for flood control and water quality for the Haw River downstream. The dam is typical of many flood storage dams, with flows released from a multi-gated, rectangular concrete discharge tower and returned to the river via a non-pressurized outlet conduit. Under normal pond levels, the dam creates a 15,000-acre impoundment, with a gross head of 57.5 feet at normal pool. With the impoundment at flood control level, the tower's discharge capacity is 17,000 cfs.
Since its construction, Jordan Dam has released enough water to have generated more than 500,000 MWh of electricity. The Jordan Hydroelectric Project began to harness that energy on January 20, 2012, when the first of two turbine-generators became commercially operational.
The Jordan Hydroelectric Project consists of two vertical Kaplan turbine-generators (65-inch runner), each with a capacity of 2.2 MW under a gross head of 57.5 feet and a flow of 550 cfs, for an estimated combined annual generation of 16,900 MWh. Each turbine-generator is installed in a 180-ton steel enclosure - the power module - located on the upstream side of the discharge tower, sealing off the 12-foot-wide by 30-foot-high intake opening. The modules are 12 feet square, 77 feet tall from invert to generator floor, and 120 feet tall overall. Each module contains two 3-foot-wide by 4-foot-high spillgates to discharge flow above the turbine's capacity. The vertical synchronous generators are direct-connected, 327 rpm air-cooled units located inside an enclosure about 10 feet above normal pool level.
Licensing of the project with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission began in 1993, with a license received in 1997 and amended in 2006 for the two-unit project. Design and construction documents were submitted to the Corps for review between October 2008 and December 2009, and the 408 Permit from the Corps was received in November 2010. On-site work began immediately with the construction of a 23-kVA transmission line to connect the facility to the local utility (Progress Energy Carolinas).
The project team included the Corps as dam owner; developer Jordan Hydroelectric Limited Partnership; structural designer Kleinschmidt Associates; designer, fabricator and lead contractor North Fork Electric Inc.; consultant Diehl Engineering Co. as marine engineer for shaft analyses and bearing requirements; turbine-generator manufacturer China Huadian Engineering Corp.; and fabricator and underwater diving contractor Grainger Underwater Services.
The modules are located upstream of the discharge tower's emergency and service gates, in the maintenance bulkhead slots. Under normal operating conditions, the head differential can vary from 57.5 to 64 feet. The modules are designed to the same criteria as the Corps' service and emergency gates and are capable of withstanding the hydrostatic loading associated with a flood pool at elevation 240 feet and the tower dewatered (a 90-foot differential).
With the impoundment at flood pool level, the generators would be 6 feet underwater. Designing the modules to withstand flood pool loadings continues to provide the tower with three levels of water shutoff. The modules are also suitable as maintenance bulkheads during repairs to the tower and its emergency and service gates.
Each turbine has a hydraulic capacity of 550 cfs, and each of the modules has two spillgates each with a hydraulic capacity of 500 cfs. The total 3,100 cfs capacity of the two modules will control the flows out of Jordan Dam 86% of the time. When discharge exceeds this capacity or the impoundment reaches the uppermost grease-lubricated bearing at elevation 223 feet, the modules are raised up to 46 feet, permitting the tower's service gates to control the flow.
Based on historical flow records, it is estimated the modules will be raised five times a year for flood releases. Initial commissioning tests have shown the turbines will operate with the modules raised up to 5 feet while passing water underneath. This will extend the generation of the units up to flows of 8,000 cfs, a flow that is exceed only 5% of the time.
The 180-ton modules are fabricated of 50 ksi structural steel, hot-dipped galvanized for corrosion protection. A module is assembled in four distinct sections (turbine, flume, intake and generator). The turbine section acts as a headgate with the turbine strapped to the upstream side, sealing against the tower's 12-foot-wide by 30-foot-high intake opening.
A structural tubing cage encloses the lower part of the turbine section to guard the draft tube from damage in the event the module is lowered onto debris sitting on the tower sill. This cage also protects the draft tube from debris when flow is discharged beneath the module in the raised position. The upstream portions of the module's turbine section are enclosed by removable steel plating to prevent the wicket gate operating mechanisms from being damaged or jammed by debris. The module bears on the tower's invert only along the downstream edge seal, 4.5 inches wide, resting on the existing steel gate sill. The module's intake section is enclosed within fixed trashracks that bear on a concrete slab and forms the roof of the existing concrete grizzly racks
Hydro Review's goal is to provide readers with reliable, relevant information on the issues and challenges encountered in the hydro industry. Hydro Review offers practical, useful information, helpful examples, and constructive guidance...


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Addendum: Symbolic Links
A lot of people not steeped in Unix culture do not know what symbolic links are, particularly Mac users who don't understand the differences between Mac OS aliases and Unix symbolic links, or "symlinks." But it's such a simple concept, it's worth taking a few seconds to explain it.
Symlinks are files that contain a string that is interpreted as a file path. Let's look at that sentence a piece at a time.
- "Symlinks are files..." That means they can be moved, renamed, and deleted just like any other file.
- "...that contain a string" Yes, they really do contain a plain old text string. Depending on the OS, the contents of symlink files may not be accessible. But rest assured, at the lowest level it's just a file containing text.
- "...that is interpreted as a path" This is the only vaguely tricky part for people who have never used a system that required them to understand paths. It is explained further below.
A path is a series words separated by an aptly-named "path separator" character. In Unix-style systems (like Mac OS X), the forward-slash (or just "slash") character "/" is the path separator. Each component of the path corresponds to a file or directory. Every path component but the last one must be a directory name. The last path component can be either a directory or file name. Thus, a path leads to a particular file or directory in the file system. Some examples of paths appear below:
Paths maybe either "absolute" or "relative." Absolute paths begin from the very top of the directory tree and therefore always correspond to the same file or directory no matter where the symlink file containing that path is moved.
Relative paths correspond to the file or directory located at a particular path starting from the current directory. The "current" directory for symlinks is the directory that contains the symlink file. This all sounds complex, but it's really not. Examples:
Let's say we have two symlink files:
- symlink1 contains a text string that spells out the following absolute path: /Food/Apple
- symlink2 contains a text string that spells out the following relative path (note the missing slash at the start): Food/Apple
Now let's look at the simple directory structure below:
/MyDisk/ Food/ Apple Special/ Food/ Apple
No matter where we put symlink1 on MyDisk, it will always point to the Apple file in the Food directory at the top level of MyDisk.
symlink2, on the other hand, could point to either the Apple file in the top level Food directory, or the Apple file in the Food directory inside the Special directory, or, perhaps, to nothing at all! Examples:
Example 1: symlink2 pointing to the "non-special" Apple file:
/MyDisk/ symlink2 -> Food/Apple Food/ Apple (symlink2 points to this) Special/ Food/ Apple
Example 2: symlink2 pointing to the Apple file in the Food directory inside the Special directory. Note that the Special directory could be moved anywhere on the filesystem and symlink2 would still point to the same file. This is the benefit of using relative links.
/MyDisk/ Food/ Apple Special/ symlink2 -> Food/Apple Food/ Apple (symlink2 points to this now)
Example 3: symlink2 pointing to nothing at all!
/MyDisk/ Food/ symlink2 -> Food/Apple Apple Special/ Food/ Apple
This last example is what's called a "broken" symlink. Any attempt to get at the file that symlink2 points to would fail with a "file not found" error. This can also happen if any of the files that either symlink1 or symlink2 point to are removed or renamed. Symlinks are "dumb" in this respect. They just contain a string, after all. If that string does not correspond to an existing file, the symlink is considered "broken."
Mac OS aliases are very different beasts. They are files that uniquely point to a specific file or directory, and continue to point to it regardless of where the file or directory (or the alias file itself) is moved or renamed. (How it does this is beyond the scope of this discussion.)
Both symbolic links and aliases are useful. Sometimes you want to point to a particular file or directory in a robust manner that will not break when things are moved or renamed, but sometimes you simply want to point to "whatever file happens to be located at the following path..." Exercise for the reader: why are relative symbolic links used in Framework Bundles instead of absolute symbolic links or aliases?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Generating strings of words with space delimiters from cut statement Code Answer
Hello Developer, Hope you guys are doing great. Today at Tutorial Guruji Official website, we are sharing the answer of Generating strings of words with space delimiters from cut statement without wasting too much if your time.
The question is published on by Tutorial Guruji team.
I am new to bash. When I run the following command:
grep "type" /root/myFile | cut-d'=' -f2
I get the following:
102
304
503
442
I want to store the contents of the first command into a variable such that the content of the variable would be the equivalent of declaring it like this:
myVariable="102 304 503 442"
I don't know how to go about this. Do I initialize myVariablewith an empty string and traverse the content of the command line-by-line and append it into myVariable with white spaces in between or is there an easier way for doing this with bash?
Answer
myVariable='grep "type" /root/myFile | cut-d'=' -f2'
What is between back-ticks (') is run and the output is assigned to myVariable.
If your current output is separated by line feeds (n), then you may want to replace them with spaces with tr such as:
myVariable='grep "type" /root/myFile | cut-d'=' -f2'|tr 'n' ' ''
Note: Some people prefer using the $() syntax instead of back-ticks but both are useful and when I have the choice I use the back-ticks. The real advantage of having both is if you want to handle execution at two levels since the back-ticked expression will be sent to a sub-shell first and then the $() portion will be executed.
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Definition of Pharmacologic stress test
Pharmacologic stress test: There are a diversity of pharmacologic stress tests. Here this refers specifically to a pharmacologic cardiac stress test in which certain medications are administered that stimulate the heart to mimic the physiologic effects of exercise.
One of the medications used in a pharmacologic stress test is dobutamine, which is similar to adrenaline. Dobutamine is carefully administered to gradually increase the heart rate and strength of the contractions of the heart muscle. Simultaneously, echocardiography or radionucleide imaging is performed.
Alternatively, a medicine called adenosine is administered, which simulates the physiology of the coronary artery circulation during exercise. Adenosine is combined with radionucleide isotope imaging to provide a very accurate test for the detection of significant coronary artery disease (CAD).
Pharmacological stress testing is commonly performed in patients who are thought to be at high risk for significant CAD and who are scheduled for major non-cardiac surgical procedures. These patients are often unable to perform exercise stress testing due to the underlying condition for which they require surgery. In this setting, pharmacological stress testing is invaluable in assessing the cardiac risk of patients prior to surgery.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Get the latest treatment options.


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Günther Seifferth, Nuptse at himalaya-info. org
Tre Cime di Lavaredo
The Tre Cime di Lavaredo, called the Drei Zinnen, are three distinctive battlement-like peaks, in the Sexten Dolomites of northeastern Italy. They are probably one of the mountain groups in the Alps. The three peaks, from east to west, Cima Piccola / Kleine Zinne Cima Grande / Große Zinne Cima Ovest / Westliche Zinne. The peaks are composed of well-layered dolostones of the Dolomia Principale formation, Carnian to Rhaetian in age, until 1919 the peaks formed part of the border between Italy and Austria. Now they lie on the border between the Italian provinces of South Tyrol and Belluno and still are a part of the boundary between German-speaking and Italian-speaking majorities. The Cima Grande has an elevation of 2,999 metres and it stands between the Cima Piccola, at 2,857 metres, and the Cima Ovest, at 2,973 metres. The first ascent of the Cima Grande was on August 21,1869, the Cima Ovest was first climbed exactly ten years later, on August 21,1879, by Michel Innerkofler with G. Ploner, a tourist.
The Cima Piccola was first climbed on July 25,1881, by Michel, the routes of these three first ascents are still the normal ascent routes, the Cima Piccolas route is the most difficult of the three. Emilio Comici was the first to climb the face of the Cima Grande in 1933 in a party of three, after an ascent time of 3 days and 2 nights. This partly overhanging northern face is considered by climbers to be one of the north faces of the Alps. Numerous routes lead from the communities to and around the peaks. The most common route is from Paternkofel/Monte Paterno to the alpine hut Auronzo at 2,333 m, over Paternsattel to the alpine hut Dreizinnenhütte/Locatelli at 2,405 m, there are a number of other routes as well. Since the front line between Italy and Austria during World War I ran through these mountains, there are a number of fortifications, man-made caves, nearby communities include Auronzo di Cadore, Toblach/Dobbiaco, Sexten/Sesto, and the Puster Valley. The area has staged many finishes in Giro dItalia, List of highest paved roads in Europe List of mountain passes Lake Misurina Huber, Willi Schwenkmeier.
Die Kämpfe im Drei-Zinnen-Gebiet und am Kreuzberg bei Sexten _PHONE_, Auronzo di Cadore Cai Auronzo The Great War in the Dolomites 360° Panorama view Homepage of the Tourism Authority
Great north faces of the Alps
In mountaineering, the six great north faces of the Alps are known for their difficulty and great height. Making the first ascent of each of six faces was a major preoccupation of the best European climbers in the 1930s. Gaston Rébuffat, a Chamonix mountain guide and renowned French alpinist, was the first to all six of them. Three of these north faces—the Eiger, the Matterhorn and the Grandes Jorasses—are considerably harder to climb than the others and this led to their becoming known as the Trilogy. The first to climb these three faces within a year was the Austrian Leo Schlömmer, from the summer of 1961 to the summer of 1962, ivano Ghirardini was the first man to climb the Trilogy in winter and Catherine Destivelle was the first woman. Anker, Daniel Eiger, The Vertical Arena, a Hard Days Summer, Six Classic North Faces Solo. Starlight and Storm, The Conquest of the Great North Faces of the Alps
Ringgenberg is a village and a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Besides the village of Ringgenberg, the municipality includes the village of Goldswil. Ringgenberg is located on the shores of Lake Brienz. It has a church that was built on the ruins of a castle in the 17th century. Ringgenberg and Goldswil belong to the Small Agglomeration Interlaken with 23,300 inhabitants, the oldest traces of a settlement in the area are neolithic graves which have been discovered in the village and at Goldswil-Mätteli. The original name of Ringgenberg was Rinchenwile which appears in the record in 1240. This name stems from the Old High German personal name Rinco or Rincho, the modern name is based on an elision of Ringgenwil with the castle, which was built in the Middle Ages. In 1230 Kuno von Brienz was appointed overlord of the Lake Brienz area by the German Emperor Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, the noble family took its name from Ringgenberg.
Johann von Ringgenberg was the most significant member of this family and he was known as the knight who handled the sword and lyre equally well. His songs were collected in Zurich in around 1300 in the Codex Manesse collection, during the 13th century, the Counts of Ringgenberg expanded their power, often at the expense of Interlaken Abbey. The ruin of the began in the time of Philipp von Ringgenberg. In 1351 part of the estate was sold to the Abbey, in 1381 Ringgenberg castle was burnt and plundered by troops from the Canton of Uri and Count Petermann von Ringgenberg was taken in chains to Obwalden. In 1386, the castle and lands were assigned to Bern, however the city lacked the funds to rebuild the burned castle and in 1411 and 1439 parts of the castle and village were sold to Interlaken. A few years later, in 1445, Bern reacquired the land, in 1528, the city of Bern adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation and began imposing it on the Bernese Oberland. Ringgenberg joined many other villages and the Abbey in a rebellion against the new faith.
After Bern imposed its will on the Oberland, they secularized the Abbey, Ringgenberg became a part of the Bernese bailiwick of Interlaken. The church was built in the ruins of Ringgenberg Castle in 1670 under the architect Abraham Dunz, the imposing building stands on a hill between the town and lake. In 1853 the separate municipalities of Goldswil and Ringgenberg were combined, a small lake, Burgseeli is located between the two villages


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Agricultura, desarrollo rural y sostenibilidad medioambiental
In addition to its traditional purpose of producing food and raw materials, agriculture plays an important role in terms of supplying public goods, generally in the form of externalities deriving from farming activities. These goods may be predominantly economic and social –rural development– or environmental –protection of biodiversity or landscape preservation. This study analyses the economic basis of agricultural multifunctionality associated with the joint production of private and public goods in farming and its implications in terms of economic policies. We also explain and assess the legislation –and its financing– that currently makes it possible to develop a multifunctional concept of farming in Spain. Finally, we present the results of recent research regarding the production of environmental goods by certain farming systems in Spain.
Volume (Year): (2008)
Issue (Month): 61 (August)
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: Av. dels Tarongers, s/n., Despacho 2P21, 46022 Valencia|
Phone: 96 382 84 89 / 96 356 22 48
Fax: 96 382 84 92
Web page: _URL_
More information through EDIRC
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cic:revcir:y:2008:i:61:p:103-126. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Rafael Chaves)
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.


text:
During World War II approximately thirty thousand Jews escaped ghettos and work camps and formed organized armed resistance groups to fight the Nazis. These groups were known as partisans.
Despite the odds, women were able to join the partisans. Their work in the partisan camps ranged from domestic duties such as cleaning cooking and nursing, to reconnaissance, weapons transport, as well as armed combat. Women made up approximately 10% of the partisans.
Explore the resources of JPEF to learn more.
Take our free E-Learning Course on
Four to six page downloadable guides with maps, photos, questions for students, and suggested readings:
Jewish Women in the Partisans
Sonia Orbuch: A Young Woman with Russian Partisans
Gertrude Boyarski: From Frail Girl to Partisan Fighter


text:
one side. It's an age-old device for adding interest. Try it.
Drawing Ideas Using an Eraser
Drawing is as much about what you take out, as it is about what you put in. Using an eraser as a drawing tool is vital if you are to draw well. Use these drawing prompts to erase creatively.
- Shade a silhouette of an animal and draw in reverse with an eraser: A quick way to establish the most important shapes and where the shadows lie. It trains the eye into breaking up complex forms into simpler shapes. Done well it creates a painterly atmosphere.
- Draw fur without drawing lines. Lift out the highlights with an eraser: In the case of a portrait, you would block in the hair in layers and flick a kneadable eraser in the direction of the major highlights. In the case of an animal, this can be done all over, just follow the direction of the fur.
- Draw a layer of graphite and lift out the clouds using an eraser and a blender: Use harder pencils to reproduce the more subtle range of greys, making sure not to press hard and score the paper. Use light strokes and a blender to merge the tones if required. Lift out the highlights with erasers to restore the white paper.
- Practice drawing white lines with an eraser pen: White lines are easier to draw at the last stages. The trick is not to draw the darks so black that they cannot be erased. Build darks in gentle layers that can be erased more effectively. Slice the tip of a Tombo Mono eraser pen and use the sharp edge to draw a white line. Practice makes perfect.
- Draw distant snow-capped mountains in a landscape and lift the snow using an eraser: A insanely effective technique. Draw the mountains in silhouette against a grey sky and lift the snow caps with flicks of an eraser. Figure out the direction of light and leave the opposite side in shade.
Drawing Techniques and Exercises
The only way to progress is to play around with ideas and shortcuts. it's wiser to set aside time to explore a few ideas than risk a new technique in the middle of a drawing. Try some of these drawing ideas and see if you can make them work for you.
- Draw using tinted paper as a mid-tone and shade with white and black: Instead of using white paper try using a Strathmore mid-grey or tan paper for your mid-tones. Be cautious using the white pencil. Only use white for highlights and the very lightest tones, otherwise, you risk drawing a ghost.
- Draw an animal on tinted paper and highlight the edges to simulate backlighting: Using the same mid-tone paper draw a subject without strong shadows and highlight the edges. It's a clever way of giving a standard drawing atmosphere.
- Draw simple animal outlines and break up the lines to add movement: Otherwise called the 'lost and found' technique. Long lines look infinitely better if they are disjointed and broken. It adds life and movement to monotonous perfection.
- Practice indenting paper and creating texture: Indenting the paper for creative reasons is a common technique but with inherent risks. You cannot repair mistakes, so you have to get it right the first time. It's used to draw ultra-fine white lines. Use a toothpick, an empty old Biro, or an indent tool.
- Draw rock and stone using a graphite stump and a piece of Blu Tack: This is an easy trick that looks insanely detailed to the viewer but is easy to do. Gently shade the rock with a soft pencil and brush it with a very soft graphite 4B or 6B stump. Dab and roll a piece of Blu Tack over the surface randomly. Define the patches with a few nicks and tweaks, and it looks like rock.
- Draw a flat black background by cross-hatching: The trick to laying a flat black background is patience. Hatch diagonally across the whole area with a 0.3mm B grade Pentel Mechanical Pencil. The lines must be parallel. Reverse the diagonal and go back across the area. Repeat until you get the required tone. DO NOT USE ONE HEAVY LAYER.
- Draw uneven background using hatching and blenders: For a sketchier feel draw the background in patches. Drawing many patches at different angles will please the eye. Keep them separate and clean. Experiment with using a blending stump to bind the patches together.
Do you lack confidence? If you need more help with drawing, then I urge you to check out Dorian Iten on Proko. His course is reasonably priced.
- Practice drawing short fur: Criss-cross short lines in roughly the same direction the fur grows.
- Practice drawing long fur: Using long strokes use the same formula and criss-cross the lines. Perfect lines look wrong. Add wisps of stray hair to add realism.
- Practice drawing curly fur: Draw fur in wavy clumps using the same criss-cross method and drag a Tombo Mono Eraser Pen or Kneadable Eraser over to indicate the curly highlights.
- Practice drawing black fur: Follow the line of growth and draw in layers using the fur technique. When you reach the right tone, start lifting out with flicks of a kneadable eraser. For more detailed highlights use a Tombo Mono Eraser Pen or even a sharpened Jakar Battery Eraser (affiliate links)
Drawing Prompts for Birds
I'm including these drawing ideas because we all have access to birds wherever we live. If nothing else you can visit your local park and feed the birds. Urban birds are tame enough to get reasonably close and you don't need any fancy camera gear to get references.
If you need some inspiration, check out
Sarah on Domestika
- Draw birds at a feeder: It's a fun idea to get your sketch pad out and try to capture the fleeting visits of songbirds at a feeder or bird table. It will force you to draw at a rapid pace. Forget detail, you are interested in shapes and poses.
- Draw birds in flight: In my opinion, one of the hardest things to draw is convincing flight. Don't worry about counting primary feathers, concentrate on the structure and shadows.
- Draw songbirds sitting on a wire: Let's be honest, you will use photographic references. Take a series of shots of one bird sitting on a wire or a twig and draw it in various poses, all sitting in a row. A simple and fun compositional idea.
- Draw a songbird singing from a tree branch: Again get your camera out and see if you can catch a bird singing. Look for a good profile and simplify the foliage with some good pruning.
- Draw some feathers: Getting the sheen of a feather is not at all easy. It requires a very steady hand. Unlike hair or fur, feather lines are parallel.
- Draw an old fence post with a bird drawn to scale: Getting the perfect shot of a bird is hard. You can often get the pose but not in the right setting. Use your artistic license to relocate the subject. There are two problems. Getting the scale correct and the shadows falling in the right way.
More Advanced Drawing Prompts and Hacks
These are drawing hacks that I use to spice up my art. I can't rely on award-winning imagery. My references are strictly my own and they're not perfect. They're over or underexposed, out of focus, and often cropped badly. I have to deal with what I have.
To get a stronger image I must adapt my existing images and draw the missing features. If an expression is absent I have to create one. It's all about giving the subject some personality and a story. To do that there are techniques to learn and tricks that can help.
- Draw a pot plant with strong shadows on the wall: Drawing shadows is not straightforward. The edges are never truly sharp and reflected light can bounce onto the shadow. Shadows will not look right if you draw them flat. Try making the inner shadow slightly lighter than the outer edge.
- Draw eyes and change the direction they are looking: Many reference photos look OK but would be great if only the animal was looking another way. Try changing the direction of the eyeball and see how the eye shape changes. Sometimes moving the highlight alone will work. Reference other images for accuracy.
- Open dull eyes wider: On the same theme, sometimes all you have to do to rescue a pose is open sleepy eyes. A subject will look much more interesting if it is alert and the eyes are bigger. Don't be a slave to the truth, change things that could be better.
- Add one image to another seamlessly: Take a series of shots and use the same animal in different poses and stitch them together. Alternatively add birds that were never there.
- Flip an image and draw it as a reflection: It is not totally true to life to just flip an image for a reflection, but it is close enough. You can adjust the perspective and add some rippling to disguise the contrivance. Lose the detail and remember the rule: darks reflect lighter and lights reflect darker.
- Adjust a pose and redraw the composition: There is usually something wrong with a reference image that could be improved. The head can be too low, a leg in the wrong place, or an ear in the wrong position. Making a few subtle adjustments can make a dull image come alive.
For more advanced tuition consider Stephen Bauman. He is classically trained and has a very academic approach to his art. This guy knows his stuff and is a very good tutor
Drawing Prompts for Beginners: Final Thoughts
I


text:
Applied Virtual Environments: Applications of Virtual Environments to Government, Military and Business Organizations
Virtual environments (VEs) such as Second Life or World of Warcraft can be more than entertainment; they also offer new ways to test concepts and prototypes, train employees, and anticipate actions of an opponent. The U.S. military and other government organizations are applying VEs to support achieving training, operational, and rehearsal objectives. Business enterprises are starting to use virtual realities to lower costs and increase capabilities. This paper provides a systematic characterization and analysis of the features of VEs that improve organizational effectiveness. The paper describes: first, the key elements of a virtual world; second, the Use Modes or methods by which virtual worlds can be used to achieve a wide range of business or military objectives; third, a categorization of the wide range of application areas to which VEs can be applied; and lastly, the current limitations, emerging opportunities, and future research recommendations for using VEs to achieve organizational objectives.
Government, Business, Military, Computer-supported collaborative work, Virtual reality
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
The full website for the Journal of Virtual Worlds Research can be found at: _URL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Popularity
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Programming language: Go
License: MIT License
Tags: Utilities
Latest version: v3.0.0
blank alternatives and similar packages
Based on the "Utilities" category.
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README
blank
GoDoc Build Status Go Report Card Coverage Status
The Blank package offers two main functionalities.
Blank can remove whitespace from a string. The package defines whitepsace as a character that is not typically visible. These characters range anywhere from the ordinary space to a less common vertical tab.
Blank can check if a string is blank. The package considers a string to be blank if it is comprised solely of whitespace.
Installation
If you do not have Go installed yet, you can find installation instructions here.
To pull the most recent version of Blank, use go get.
go get -u _URL_-Sarabia/blank
Then import the package into your project.
import "_URL_-Sarabia/blank"
Usage
Whitespace Removal
The package considers whitespace to be any character that is not typically visible. The most common of these characters are: space, tab, newline, return, formfeed, nonbreaking space, and vertical tab. For more information, visit the unicode package and the unicode seperator category.
To remove the whitespace from a string, use the Remove function.
phrase := "this is a phrase"
str := blank.Remove(phrase)
fmt.Println(str)
// output: "thisisaphrase"
Blank Detection
The package considers a string to be blank if it is comprised solely of whitespace.
For example, assume we are creating a search function that takes a string as a search query. We want to avoid searching for blank queries. Blank queries can be detected using the Is function.
func search(qry string) error {
 if blank.Is(qry) {
 // return error
 }
 // rest of code
}
Similarly, the Has function can process an entire slice of strings; it will check if any of the strings are blank.
Let's slightly alter our example. Assume the search function takes a slice of strings as a list of queries. We still want to avoid seraching for blank queries. Blank queries can be detected using the Has function.
func search(qrs []string) error {
 if blank.Has(qrs) {
 // return error
 }
 // rest of code
}
Contributions
If you would like to contribute to this project, please adhere to the following guidelines.
 - Submit an issue describing the problem.
 - Fork the repo and add your contribution.
 - Add appropriate tests.
 - Run go fmt, go vet, and golint.
 - Prefer idiomatic Go over non-idiomatic code.
 - Follow the basic Go conventions found here.
 - If in doubt, try to match your code to the current codebase.
 - Create a pull request with a description of your changes.
I'll review pull requests as they come in and merge them if everything checks out.
Any and all contributions are greatly appreciated. Thank you!


text: When a PT stands close to you or holds onto your hips when you walk so you don't fall, that's called guarding. PTs don't like it when their patient falls, that means a lot of paperwork and paperwork sucks. So I had dinner with my friend tonight and she uses a walker when she walks. Her dad follows closely behind her when she's walking. He was guarding(holding) her on the shoulder. Wrong. When you're guarding someone when they walk, you hold the hips, or keep your hands close to the hips. Not at the waist, at the hips. At the hips you can control the motion of the entire body. If you're holding onto the shoulders and their legs go out from under them, down they go. But if you're holding at the hips you can prevent the fall, usually. When guarding on stairs you should always be below the patient. If the person is going down the stairs you should be in front of them going down backwards – ready to catch them if they fall. If the person is going up stairs you should be behind them – ready to catch them if they fall.


game / 2020
Preview video
_URL_ (game demo)
_URL_ (Chinese version)
_URL_ (Japanese version)
_URL_ (Korean version)
TO CALL A HORSE A DEER is an experimental video game about language, hand-eye coordination, truth-bending and acts of complicity.
The title of the work is an inversion of "to call a deer a horse", a Chinese idiom that is used to describe the deliberate act of confusing truth with untruth. The idiom originates from a story in the Chinese classical text Shiji (The Records of Grand Historians) in which an ambitious Qin politician tried to identify adversaries and silence dissent by colluding others to confuse a deer with a horse.
This ancient tale resonates with our times in which truth-bending became an everyday political reality and tools of governance. The game, available in multiple languages, is both a mirror and a critique, a training simulator of truth-bending and its resistance.
Game rules
The player competes by answering rounds of "true or false" questions, following the instructions as given in the game.
 - The player will score 1 point by giving the CORRECT answer if he or she is instructed to LIE.
 - The player will score 1 point by giving the INCORRECT answer if he or she is instructed to TELL THE TRUTH.
 - An answer that does not conform to the given instruction will result in a deduction of 1 point.
 - The player can choose not to answer the question. In that case, no point will be added or deducted.
keywords: critical game, hand-eye coordination, truth-bending, complicity, binary game for a binary world


text:
عنوان مقاله [English]
The electron accelerator located at Yazd uses tap water as cooling. This equipment is made of carbon steel (A37). This steel as mild carbon steel is very susceptible to the corrosion destruction on the uncontrolled condition. Using tap water as a coolant, lead to high corrosion and obstruction of circulation paths. XRD and XRF analysis of corrosion products from different position of accelerator showed that a large quantity of these sediments comprise of Iron Oxide. SEM images indicated that the sediments have a Tubculation morphology. The ICP-OES results showed that in compared with Yazd tap water, the chemistry of the cooling water circulating in the accelerator has been changed and its hardness decreased by passing time. The results obtained from Langelier parameter illustrated that the water exiting from the end of the cooling system is a little corrosive. Due to the color and morphology of corrosion products, the corrosion mechanism is Tubculation.


text:
Important Considerations for Assigned Readings in English Courses
The study of literature spans human history, including its positive and negative uses of language. It is our duty as students of literature to examine writing from throughout history and from different cultures and viewpoints.
Some language that is socially unacceptable today may have been more socially acceptable in the past. Therefore, sometimes we will encounter works with language that offends us or with which we disagree. Reading this in a written work does not indicate your acceptance of such content or language.
Virtual Virginia acknowledges that assigned readings in English courses may contain language and content that reflect historical biases and discrimination. The use of language meant to harm others, either directly or indirectly, is never acceptable, and Virtual Virginia does not support the use of such language. Virtual Virginia is working to address any harmful language that may appear in assigned readings within the English curriculum.
Virtual Virginia understands that encountering some types of content or language may make a student uncomfortable. Every Virtual Virginia course should feel like a safe space for all students. If you (or your parent/guardian) are uncomfortable with the language or content used in an assigned reading, please contact your instructor immediately to discuss this further and to request an alternate work. Your instructor will work with you (and/or your parent/guardian) to choose an appropriate alternate work that will still help you meet the learning objectives in the course.


r, OpenWrt helps with compiling the source code into a package that can be installed on Ubiquiti router.
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\section{Input data} \label{sec:experiment_input}
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 The experiment involves testing with 2 main sources of input: the artificially generated graphs, and the real topologies from the Wireless Community Networks.
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 \subsection{Synthetic graphs}
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 For randomly generated graphs, we are interested in three types: Erdos, Power Law, and Community Graph. All the graphs were generated following the open-source code made available by \citeauthor{Baldesi2016} \cite{Baldesi2016} in a framework called \emph{NePA TesT}. NePA TesT provides a way to generate synthetic graph for different graph type such as Erdos, Power Law, and Community Network.
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 The reason why we wanted to test on synthetic graphs is because we want to know how BBC and HBC would perform with different graph structures, and graph sizes. And as will see later in \cref{sec:experiment_result}, performance of BBC and HBC depends on the structure and property of each graph type.
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 \begin{table}
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 \caption{All synthetic graphs generated for the experiment}
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 \label{tab:graph_generator}
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 \centering
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 \begin{tabular}{l|l|l}
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 \toprule
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 Graph type & Number of nodes & Edges / Nodes Ratio \\
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 \midrule
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 CN & from [100, 1000] with the step 100 & 1.2 \\
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 ER & from [100, 1000] with the step 100 & 3 \\
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 PL & from [100, 1000] with the step 100 & 1.2 \\
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 \bottomrule
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 \end{tabular}
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 \end{table}
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 For every line in \cref{tab:graph_generator}, 30 different graphs were generated per size. So for CN graphs, we have 10 different sizes multiplies by 30 graphs, and we have 300 CN graphs in total. For all three graph types, we have 900 graphs. We use the notation \emph{CN100}, \emph{PL100}, \emph{ER100} to denotes the Community Network, Power Law and Erdos graphs with 100 nodes, respectively. The same format of notation is used for graphs with larger number of nodes.
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 \subsection{Real topologies of WCNs}
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 In conjunction with the synthetic networks, we also want to evaluate BBC and HBC on the real networks. Since in the end, what matters is which algorithm would work better in reality. In this thesis, we focus on three WCNs: Funk Feuer Wien (FFW)\footnote{_URL_ and Funk Feuer Graz (FFG)\footnote{_URL_.html} in Austria and Ninux (NNX)\footnote{wiki.ninux.org/} in Italy.
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 The WCNs are ever evolving with some current node leaving the network, while some new nodes might join it. \cite{Maccari2015175} provides a depth and throughout analysis on these networks for a week \cite{Maccari2015175}. He found out that the fluctuation in the number of nodes and the number of links are small. According to him, those small changes are from a small subset of leaf nodes leaving and entering network sporadically. Since that fluctuations happen at peripheral nodes, the shortest paths for pair of nodes did not vary much with other time-periods. The reason is that those peripheral leaf nodes does not lies in the shortest paths when routing for other nodes. Hence the performance of shortest-path based betweenness measurement varies slightly. There are other measurements taken as well, but the conclusion from the paper is that for a week, the network features of these real WCNs are stable. With the above analysis, we limit the performance testing of BBC and HBC on one snapshot for each WCNs in consideration.
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\section{Experiment Design} \label{sec:experiment_design}
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 Those previous subsections present all the component of the experiment. We have the input data composing of synthetic and real graphs. We have 2 algorithms needed to evaluate: BBC and HBC. We specified the target system to evaluate the running time of the 2 mentioned algorithms. We start the section with definition of running time. The execution step of the experiment is presented after, aka how many times one single algorithm (BBC or HBC) is evaluated for each input graph.
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 Every time we mention about the running time, or execution time of BBC or HBC algorithm, we are talking about the time that a processor spent on calculating result for each algorithm. In C++, there is the function call in standard library to help measure the number of CPU clocks consumped by the program.
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 \begin{figure}
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 \begin{lstlisting}
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 #include<time.h>
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 clock_t begin = clock()
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 // Run BBC algorithm / HBC algorithm for one graph
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 clock_t end = clock()
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 double running_time = double (end - begin) / CLOCKS_PER_SECOND
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 \end{lstlisting}
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 \caption{Code to calculate the CPU time}
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 \end{figure}
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 The experiment consists of running each algorithm 10 times for each input graph. In this experiment, the measurement we want to get is the running time for each algorithm. And we want that measure to be as close to the actual value as possible. When running for one time, there are various things which might affect the result. And we need to repeat the experiment multiple times to make sure the measurement we get is not a coincidence.
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 \textbf{Note:} Though we run the program on the machine with CPU containing 8 cores and supporting hyper threading, the program does not support parallelism. One program only run on one single thread from the beginning to the end.
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 For example, for the Ninux graph, we will run BBC 10 times with it, and then we will run HBC 10 times. The running time were all noted down for the analysis.
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 \begin{table}
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 \centering
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 \begin{tabular}{l|l|l}
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 \toprule
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 Graph type & On the computer & On Ubiquiti router \\
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 \midrule
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 CN with nodes in the range [100, 1000] & Yes & Yes \\
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 ER with nodes in the range [100, 1000] & Yes & No \\
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 PL with nodes in the range [100, 1000] & Yes & No \\
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 Ninux & Yes & Yes \\
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 FFG & Yes & Yes \\
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 FFW & Yes & Yes \\
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 \bottomrule
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 \end{tabular}
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 \caption{Summary of the number of runs (repetitions) for different input graph}
178
 \label{tab:experiment_design}
179
 \end{table}
Also available in: Unified diff


text:
The article presents a list of algal species and cyanobacteria found in the continental waters of Israel in 1898–2022. Research progressed in 2000–2022 by increasing the list from 1261 to 1628 species belonging to fourteen phyla. Taxonomic analysis shows that diatoms, cyanobacteria, and green algae predominated. The first-time data has been synthesized to identify the indicator properties of Israel's aquatic flora carried out on algae and cyanobacteria, which can be used to monitor water quality. The species' ecological preferences are given for ten environmental variables: substrate preference, temperature, oxygen saturation with water mobility, water pH preferences, water salinity, organic pollution according to Watanabe and Sládeček with species-specific index of saprobity S, trophic state, and type of nutrition (autotrophic or heterotrophic). This list of species with indicator values for each species is used to characterize the water properties in Israel. In addition, it can be applied to assess the state of aquatic ecosystems and monitor water quality based on bioindication methods.
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
Acknowledgments: This work was partly supported by the Israeli Ministry of Aliyah and Integration. We are also thankful to Olena Cherniavska for technical assistance.
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecological Modeling
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
- Nature and Landscape Conservation


text:
Stress Management: "The Turn of the Tide"
Worry arises when we start to let doubts creep in about what could happen to us if things should go wrong in trying to reach our goals. Some people use a simple technique at the first sign of worry by switching on an imaginary "Cancel" button in their heads. Others with big worries may need a more structured approach such as the following one told by Stephen Covey in "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People". It is based on a story written by Arthur Gordon called "The Turn of the Tide".
Washing Away Your Worries: "The Turn of the Tide"
In "The Turn of the Tide", Arthur Gordon recalls a time when he was overcome by negativism and worry. In the end, he went to see a physician who told him to spend the following day in the place where he had been happiest as a child. Then he gave him four prescriptions in sealed envelopes, to be opened at 9, 12, 3 and 6 o'clock the next day.
Gordon duly went back to his favourite retreat beside the sea. At 9 o'clock, he opened the first prescription. It read: "Listen carefully." Gordon sat back and did as instructed. For the rest of the morning he tuned in to the sounds of the birds and the sea and felt a growing peace.
At noon he opened the second prescription. It read: "Try Reaching Back." Gordon thought about the meaning of this phrase and allowed the many memories of his past to come flooding back to him. Reaching back, he recalled times of happiness, achievement and fulfilment.
When 3 o'clock came, he opened prescription number three and read: "Examine Your Motives". Gordon thought of the work he was engaged on at present. Slowly it dawned on him that all his present endeavours were aimed at satisfying his own needs. He changed his thoughts and motives so that they were aimed at satisfying the needs of others.
Finally, at 6 o'clock, Gordon opened the last prescription and read: "Write your worries in the sand." He did as instructed, writing the few remaining worries he had and turned homeward, knowing that the lapping waves would soon wash all his worries away.
(Re-printed with permission)
Lessons for Stress Management from "The Turn of the Tide"
Here are 6 lessons from the story of Arthur Gordon and "The Turn of the Tide" that can help you in your own stress management:
- turn worrying thoughts inside out. Instead of thinking about the worst that could happen, think about the best that could happen. Worry in positives.
- keep so busy that you have no time for worrying
- live in daytight compartments where you can take one step at a time
- don't let a small niggle or failure cloud the rest of what you've achieved.
- don't over-react to worries. The chances are that what you fear won't happen anyway.
- write your worries in the sand and let the tide carry them away. Then forget them.


text:
Scrabble word: ASTERN
In which Scrabble dictionary does ASTERN exist?
Definitions of ASTERN in dictionaries:
- adv - stern foremost or backward
- adv - at or near or toward the stern of a ship or tail of an airplane
- adv - (of a ship or an airplane) behind
- Behind a vessel.
- At or to the stern of a vessel.
- With or having the stern foremost; backward.
- adv - at or toward the rear of a ship
There are 6 letters in ASTERN: A E N R S T
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to ASTERN
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word ASTERN plus a wildcard: ASTERN?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word ASTERN
6 letter words
5 letter words
4 letter words
3 letter words
2 letter words
Images for ASTERN
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players.


What is trespassing?
Save in some exceptional circumstances, if anyone enters onto a piece of land that does not belong to them without permission, they commit a trespass.
Trespass can occur in a number of forms, from a trespassing structure to large groups of individuals. There is no need to show that any damage has been caused and it does not matter how reasonable the trespasser believes they have been, a land owner is entitled to take action to put a stop to this trespass.
Trespassing on land is rarely a criminal offence (this is different in respect of residential buildings). It is what is known as a tort. A tort is a civil wrong by one person against another.
However, the Police do have powers under Section 61-80 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 to require a trespasser to leave if
 - they believe that the trespassers intend to reside there;
 - steps have been taken to ask them to leave and damage to the land has occurred;
 - threatening or insulting words or behaviour have been used against the legal occupier of the land;
 - or there are more than a certain number of vehicles on the land.
If there is a failure to follow this direction as soon as reasonably practicable, or if a trespasser leaves and returns within three months, a criminal offence has been committed.
In short, the Police's powers are limited and normally only exercisable when there is damage to the property or there has been threatening behaviour.
Trespass incidents near Cambridge
On 30th August 2017, The Cambridge News reported that travellers had set up camps in various places including the car park of Bar Hill's TescoGreat Shelford's Rugby Club's field and the old St Felix School site in Newmarket, having split from a larger group. Presumably this was to avoid the provisions in the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 relating to the number of vehicles on the land.
Recent publicity surrounding the illegal traveller encampment at Witham Rugby Club is an example of how the Police are often powerless to assist a landowner. The Essex Chronicle reported on 2nd September 2017 via the EssexLive website, that a spokesman for the club had been told that there was not a lot that Police could do until an eviction notice was obtained.
How do you deal with trespassers?
In terms of the steps that a landowner can take to recover possession of their land, these include:
1. Common law eviction – This is the quickest, but not necessarily the cheapest means of removing trespassers from land. It cannot be used to remove a trespasser from residential property.
A notice normally needs to be properly served on the trespassers. If the trespassers remain after the expiry of this notice (which is generally 24-48 hours), reasonable force can then be used to remove them. However, this does not mean that the landowner is immune from any claims against him or her by the trespasser. If excessive force is used and belongings damaged, a claim, no matter how spurious, could be pursued by the trespasser against the landowner. Normally High Court Enforcement Officers are instructed to carry out a common law eviction. Their fees will depend on the circumstances and the number of travellers involved; the more officers required, the greater the cost.
A local authority will not generally use this method, as they have a duty to take into consideration the welfare of anyone on the land before evicting them. Local authorities will therefore generally follow court procedures.
2. Interim Possession order – if a trespasser is in a building, part of a building or land ancillary to a building (i.e. not on open land) then a land owner can potentially make an application to the Court for an interim possession order.
There are tight timetables to follow and the application must generally be made within 28 days of when the trespass commenced (subject to when it should reasonably have come to the landowners attention).
The benefit of an interim possession order is that the failure to comply with it is a criminal offence and that an interim, or temporary possession order will be made. However, the application generally involves two court hearings, which are normally heard quickly but not less than 3 days after the claim is issued, and there are court fees to pay. This is a good option to consider if the trespasser needs to be evicted quickly and before a final decision by a court as to whether or not a possession order should be made.
3. Standard possession claim – A standard possession claim against trespassers is normally dealt with by the courts more quickly than other trespass claims (for example, a trespass by a structure). Generally there will only be one hearing where a court will decide whether or not to make a possession order. If the deadline to make an application for an interim possession order has passed, then this is likely to be the best alternative option.
In any case of a trespass, it is important to act quickly. Not only may there be deadlines to take certain steps, on a practical level, it reduces the risk of financial loss and damage to property.
Cunningtons LLP can assist with the removal of trespassers from residential and commercial property, as well as open land. We also act for tenants and occupiers of land who may have acquired rights to remain there or have a legitimate dispute about whether or not a trespass is occurring.
This article is for information only and does not constitute legal advice.
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Some Properties of Plain Carbon Steels Containing Uranium
Medium and low carbon steels, modified with uranium, were studied in order to evaluate the influence of uranium on forgeability, mechanical properties, response to heat treatment and microstructure. Uranium contents ranged up to 0.70 per cent. The medium carbon steels are hot short if the uranium content exceeds about 0.35 per cent. More uranium can be tolerated in low carbon steels. The hot shortness is caused by the formation of intergranular phase UFe1.
austenite, heat treating, induction furnace, Physical Metallurgy of Uranium, uranium carbide, Carbon, Carbon steel, metals, Phase, steel, Steels, Structure, Temperature, uranium


Copyright(C)Tangshan Ruilin Technology Co.,Ltd 冀ICP备20017114号-1 Powerd by 300.cn
Add: HouYujiadian Village Yuehe Town Kaiping District Tangshan City Hebei E-mail:_EMAIL_ Tel:86-_PHONE_
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The importance of Solids Control Jet Mud Mixing Pump for drilling
The importance of Solids Control Jet Mud Mixing Pump for drilling
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Drilling mud is commonly known as the blood of oil drilling, which explains the importance of Solids Control Jet Mud Mixing Pump and mud mixer for drilling. The Solids Control Jet Mud Mixing Pump and mud mixer make the mud uniform and stable, which is very helpful to the drilling speed.
Solids Control Jet Mud Mixing Pump
Solids Control Jet Mud Mixing Pump is necessary for solids reduction and maintenance work to fully agitate the drilling mud. Most drilling fluids must use a drilling fluid agitator to suspend the solid phase in the surface tank to keep the composition of the drilling fluid uniform. Properly adding bentonite, barium sulfate (barite), plugging materials, polymers and chlorides into the drilling fluid is essential to improve drilling efficiency and reduce the amount of additives required.
In order to get the most advantages of drilling fluids, adding them correctly on the surface will help improve their effectiveness in the wellbore. The Solids Control Jet Mud Mixing Pump is used to suspend solid particles, fully mix the drilling fluid materials, and maintain a homogeneous mixture state of the drilling fluid through the ground system. In order to meet these requirements, Solids Control Jet Mud Mixing Pump needs to generate an upward velocity in the drilling fluid tank, and this velocity is greater than the settling velocity of suspended solids. This requires sufficient shear and stirring to dissolve, wet and disperse the drilling fluid additives. The mixing ability of the drilling fluid helps to maintain the viscosity of the drilling fluid.

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web host, you'll probably need an FTP client. Check out FileZilla (it's free and available for both Windows and Mac) at Documentation for this is available at, and your web host will almost certainly provide instructions on connecting to it via FTP (Media Temple's instructions can be found at
What about domain names?
Web hosts will generally assign you a very generic address, such as or If you want to have a more condensed personal address such as, you'll need to pay for it. This is called a domain name—in this specific example, is the domain name.
Media Temple allows you to buy a domain name for $5/year at the point where you sign up to their web hosting package. If you go with another host, you may need to buy a domain name elsewhere; for this, you can use
Have a go hero – get a web host, upload to it, test
Pick a web host, get your credit card out, and sign up for one of their packages.
 1. Create a new directory called /test/ in the public path of your web host.
 2. Create a new plain text file on your hard drive called index.html. (It's a good idea to create a new folder on your computer to store all your work, too.) Open this file in your HTML editor.
 3. Copy the HTML below into the file:
 4. Hopefully, you know enough HTML to understand that this just writes Hello! in big letters.
 5. Transfer index.html to the /text/ directory on your host. Again, you'll probably need to use an FTP client for this.
 6. Open a web browser and type into the URL bar. Of course, you should replace with the path to your public directory, as given to you by your web host. You should see Hello! appear in a glorious default font:
 Introduction to Developing Facebook Applications
 7. If not, check the documentation and support for your host.
How much AS3 knowledge is required?
Powered by…
In September 2010, Adobe released an official Adobe ActionScript 3 SDK for the Facebook Platform Graph API, which will remain fully supported by Adobe and Facebook. Read more about it at
Besides the Adobe AS3 SDK for Facebook Platform, two other code libraries are used heavily:
There are a few tools that will help:
Watch out for caching
When you run a SWF using Flash Player on your desktop, it loads and runs the SWF. Well, of course, why wouldn't it?
When you run a SWF in a browser, this isn't always the case, though. Sometimes, browsers cache SWFs, meaning that they save a copy locally and then load that copy—rather than the online version—the next time you request it. In normal browsing, this is a great idea—it saves bandwidth and reduces loading times. You can lose huge amounts of time trying to figure out why your new code isn't working, only to finally realize that the new code isn't being run at all because you were seeing only a cached copy of your SWF.
Different browsers require different solutions. It's usually possible to disable caching for one browsing session, and it's always possible to delete some or all of the cache.
In Google Chrome, you can do this by clicking on [Spanner] | Tools | Clear Browsing Data…, selecting Empty the cache, and choosing an appropriate time period:
Introduction to Developing Facebook Applications
Introduction to Developing Facebook Applications
You should easily be able to find the equivalent option for your browser by searching Google for «browser name» delete cache.
Facebook's developers are always tweaking the platform. This can make it exciting to develop on because new features are being added all the time, but it can also make it very frustrating to develop on because old features can be removed, or their implementations changed; anything could be altered at any time.
The new Platform API (the Graph API) is a strong foundation, and looks likely to be around for a while—remember, the previous Platform API lasted four years. But it's modular, and individual pieces might change, or even be removed.
Books to Consider
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Download Octoparse
Why does Octoparse only click the first item in a loop and stop?
Monday, December 02, 2019
Sometimes, you might find the problem with a task where Octoparse extracts only the first item and stops to loop through other items. In fact, it can be considered that Octoparse cannot return to the list page after scraping data from detail page. This issue could be divided into two different situations.
1. The detail page is not set up to be opened in a new tab. Click the "Click Item" and you will find an advanced option named "New Tab". You should click on the "New Tab" and re-create the following steps.
Do remember to re-create the steps following the "Click Item" because Octoparse needs to identify a new page to extract and the previous steps would not work out.
2) The website is not compatible with Octoparse.
If Octoparse still cannot work even though you click "New Tab", incompatible issues must be considered. It relates to application compatibility and adaptability between Octoparse and websites you want to scrape. In this case, you should divide your task into two steps. Extract detail page URLs with Octoparse firstly, and then scrape data you want with the URL list. If you are new to URLs list extraction, please follow this video tutorial to learn more. [Click here ]
You can follow these steps to manually check if Octoparse can return to the list page once it enters the detail page.
1. Click "Go To Web Page" to open the website.
2. Click "Loop Item" box in your workflow.
3. Click "Click Item" to open the detail page.
4. Click "Loop Item" again and see if Octoparse can return to the list page. If not, you should follow the above steps to revise your workflow.
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List of metropolitan areas that overlap multiple countries
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Here is a list of metroplexes that overlap multiple countries:
Excluded from list is:
 - City-states being part of the overlap. One example of that would be Rome since Vatican City is isolated within Italy.
Within the European Union[edit]
Elsewhere in Europe[edit]
Polish Tricity, Gdynia (a city built to become a port of the Second Polish Republic) and its neighbours Gdańsk and Sopot, overlapped two borders in the period _PHONE_:
North America[edit]
Between Canada and the United States[edit]
This list is from west to east:
Between Mexico and the United States[edit]
South America[edit]


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Optimising ECOC matrices in multi-class classification problems
Merdivan, Erinç (2013) Optimising ECOC matrices in multi-class classification problems. [Thesis]
Error Correcting Output Coding (ECOC) is a multi-class classiffication technique in which multiple binary classiffiers are trained according to a preset code matrix, such that each one learns a separate dichotomy of the classes. While ECOC is one of the best solutions to multi-class problems, it is suboptimal since the code matrix and the base classiffiers are not learned simultaneously. In this thesis, we present three different algorithms that iteratively updates the ECOC code matrix to improve the performance of the ensemble by reducing the decoupling. Firstly, we applied the previously developed FlipECOC+ update algorithm. Second method is applying simulated annealing method on updating ECOC matrix by flipping proposed entries according to ascending order. Last method is applying beam search to find updated ECOC matrix which has highest validation accuracy. We applied all three algorithms on UCI (University of California Irvine) data sets. Beam search algorithm gives the best result on UCI data sets. All of the proposed update algorithms does not involve further training of the classiffiers and can be applied to any ECOC ensemble.
Repository Staff Only: item control page


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How to Submit A Part That You've Created
- Create a new library using your user name. (example username.lib, daya.lib)
- Copy your parts into the new library using Library Manager.
- Copy the new library to the EECAD folder located at \\jlabgrp\eecad\PCAD\Inbox or send it as an email attachment to Roger.
- E-mail Roger to let him know the parts are there and to give himg a description of what you have sent.


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The universal NanoPhotometer™ combines measurements of submicroliter sample volumes and standard sample volumes and provides high accuracy, robustness, and reliable and precise results. The main advantage of the system are simple sample handling for very low and standard volumes as well as high throughput rates due to very short measuring times. Based on the available methods for single- and multiple-wavelength and concentration measurements, full spectrum scans, standard curve determinations, as well as ratio calculations and even kinetics, users can create all types of customized applications for their individual needs. Another important application of the NanoPhotometer is the quantitative and qualitative analysis of fluorescent dye labeled samples. The NanoPhotometer will serve as a powerful tool in genomic or proteomic laboratories engaged in nucleic acid and protein-based research, microarray analysis, and the analysis of bacterial cell cultures.
|Number of pages
|Published - Nov 2007


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On Wednesday 25 October EFCI has participated in the hearing, organized by the Employment and Social Affairs Committee of the European Parliament (EMPL) to discuss the findings of a report on the social impact of the current public procurement provisions. For the first time, EFCI has been given the opportunity to present its views before the Members of the European Parliament on an issue of fundamental importance for the sector.
Following the invitation of the President of the EMPL Committee, MEP Dragos Pislaru, EFCI President took part last Wednesday 25 October in a hearing of the European Parliament on the social impact of the 2014 public procurement directive. At the center of the exchanges, the presentation of a report commissioned by the EMPL Committee, investigating how the current provisions of the directive have contributed (or not) to the achievement of more social objectives through public procurement.
Following the presentation of the report by its authors, different speakers have taken the floor: prof. Schulten from the Hans-Bockler Stiftung, Dr. Jaerhling from the Duisburg-Essen University, Mr. Skjellerup from the Municipality of Copenhagen and Mr. Rothig, Regional Secretary of UNIEuropa –the trade union counterpart of EFCI in the sectoral social dialogue.
In his contribution, Mr. Mattioli emphasized the following key points:
Economic Impact: Public procurement significantly influences the cleaning industry, contributing up to 50% of turnover in some countries. This not only sustains financial health but also shapes market conditions for private clients.
Labor Costs Challenge: With labor costs exceeding 80% of the industry's total expenses, recent inflationary trends, particularly in salary adjustments, present financial challenges, impacting the sector's overall landscape.
Directive Gaps: The 2014 public procurement directive lacks clarity on price revision mechanisms, leading to varied regulations across Member States. Companies struggle to recover increased salary costs, operating at a loss, and facing sustainability concerns.
Advocacy for Change: EFCI, alongside stakeholders, advocates for explicit guarantees in the directive, enabling Member States to revise public contract prices. This push aims to ensure companies can recover increased costs, upholding service quality and employment standards.
Financial Dimensions: A presented study highlighted concerns about financial conditions in tender awards. Despite the "best quality-price ratio" principle, tenders often prioritize the lowest price, potentially compromising service quality.
Call for Professionalization: The study emphasized Member States' tendency to award tenders solely based on the lowest price, underscoring the need for improved technical capacity and enforcement. Public authorities play a crucial role in fostering professionalization among contracting authorities.
As the industry adapts to these challenges, ongoing discussions, including the upcoming November 14 event on public procurement, will shape the future of the cleaning industry. Stay tuned for updates in our commitment to navigate this evolving landscape.
European Parliament, 25 October 2023


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The 1-14K refrigerated micro-centrifuges are suitable for sedimentation of micro-tube volumes between 0.2ml and 2ml.
Although the smallest in its class, the 1-14K refrigerated micro-centrifuges have a maximum capacity of 24 x 2ml microtubes and maximum speed of 15,000 rpm.
These refrigerated micro centrifuges find use in microbiological, molecular biological and medical research applications as well as PCR/DNA analysis.
Key features of the 1-14K refrigerated micro-centrifuges
- Rapid cooling system with adjustable temperature range of -10ºC to +40ºC
- Incorporates R134a environment-friendly refrigerant
- Six different rotors are supplied with 12, 18 and 24 microtubes capacity
- Rotors are made from polypropylene or aluminium and delivered with a transparent lid
- Offers additional acceleration curves (soft-start), deceleration curves (soft-stop) and a short-run mode
- Soft-start enables gentle acceleration and protects sensitive samples
- Soft-stop significantly reduces remixing of sediments when stopping the centrifuge
- Control panel with up to 10-program memory storage, displays parameters such as speed, relative centrifugal force as well as running time


text:
T2. CU:Job of the Branch Manager: This topic will describe what the job of the branch manager entails, with information on employee-related and member-related activities in which the branch manager engages.
T3. CU:Employee and Member Needs: This course will inform the learner of the specific skills and abilities required to be an effective branch manager; some of these skills include effective communication, attention to detail, sales aptitude, and good judgment.
T4. CU:Branch Manager Challenges: This topic will illustrate the most common challenges that face branch managers in order for the learner to understand job expectations.
T5. CU:History of Your Credit Union: This topic will provide a brief overview of the three facets of a credit union that branch managers should be familiar with: experience, size, and future outlook.
T6. CU:Vision and Values: This topic will familiarize the learner with the importance of having a defined vision and values for the credit union, which can include honesty and integrity, member appreciation, and a commitment to the community.


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Ya'akov Gal, Avi Pfeffer
Reciprocity is a key determinant of human behavior and has been well documented in the psychological and behavioral economics literature. This paper shows that reciprocity has significant implications for computer agents that interact with people over time. It proposes a model for predicting people's actions in multiple bilateral rounds of interactions. The model represents reciprocity as a tradeoff between two social factors: the extent to which players reward and retaliate others' past actions (retrospective reasoning), and their estimate about the future ramifications of their actions (prospective reasoning). The model is trained and evaluated over a series of negotiation rounds that vary players' possible strategies as well as their benefit from potential strategies at each round. Results show that reasoning about reciprocal behavior significantly improves the predictive power of the model, enabling it to outperform alternative models that do not reason about reciprocity, or that play various game theoretic equilibria. These results indicate that computers that interact with people need to represent and to learn the social factors that affect people's play when they interact over time.
Subjects: 4. Cognitive Modeling; 7.1 Multi-Agent Systems
Submitted: Apr 24, 2007


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Can we use % operator on floating point numbers?
Predict the output of following program:
Can % be used with floating point numbers in C++?
The above program fails in compilation and compiler report the following error in line 5:
invalid operands of types 'float' and 'float' to binary 'operator%'
% operator cannot be used with floating point numbers in C & C++.
What about Java and C#?
This behavior is different in Java & C#. % operator can be used on floating point numbers in these languages.
Consider following example of Java program:
Same way try this C# program. It works fine:
This article is contributed by Meet Pravasi. Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above


Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Wikipedia has an article on:
Broom icon.svg A user suggests that this entry be cleaned up.
Alternative forms[edit]
From Hindi कम्बोज (Kamboj) (Urdu کمبوہ (Kamboh)), cognate to Punjabi ਕਮ੍ਬੋਜ (Kamboj).
Toynbee[1], Herzfeld and Walser[2] and Chandra Chakraberty[3] link it to or derive it from Cambyses and/or the region Kambysēnē.
H. C. Seth[4] and others suggest that the word is a compound meaning "owners/rulers of [the region] Kam". H. W. Bailey analyzes the name "Kamboja" as Kam-bauja or Kan-bauja and considers the second part to be related to an Iranian root *baugmeaning "bend; free, loose, deliver, save; possess, rule", related to bhuj "use, possess; rule, govern"; Bailey interprets the first part of the compound as something related to Avestan kan "to long, want", Sanskrit kama "desire, lust", and the whole compound as "king [ruling] at will".[5][6] [script?]
The Anthropological Survey of India suggests a long list of possible cognates, including Cambodia.[7]
Kamboj (plural Kambojs)
 1. A member of a particular Kshatriya community of people living in northwestern India and in Pakistan and Afghanistan, generally considered to be descended from the Kambojas.
 2. A member of an Indo-Scythian ethnic group of people native to northwestern India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, said to be descended from the Kambojas (the Royal Clan of the Sakas or Scythians).
 3. A member of the ruling Indo-European (Scytho-Aryan) group the Kambojas, who settled in northwestern India in the 9th or 10th century BCE.
See also[edit]


text:
Full size overlays can be preferable to the smaller, more convenient Reading Rulers in a number of cases. For example where factors of age or disability cause coordination problems, or when both hands are engaged while text and other representations are being followed (such as when reading music or following a recipe). One side of the overlay has a matt coating.
Some matt coatings can reduce the transparency of a tinted overlay, but overlays from Crossbow Education have been subjected to stringent testing to ensure that maximum print clarity is retained while reflected light from the overlay surface has been significantly reduced. Nevertheless, some people prefer using the gloss side of the overlay.
This mixed pack includes: Aqua, Celery, Grass, Jade, Magenta, Orange, Pink, Purple, Sky and Yellow.