Ambush Attack: Eagle Snatches Baby Warthog
Watching eagles hunt is always fascinating. These magnificent predators swoop through the air gracefully, grabbing their unsuspecting prey with long, razor-sharp talons and are capable of hauling away shockingly large prey.
But even smaller, less grandiose moments can be interesting, too.
Recently, a family on safari got to witness one of these encounters when a martial eagle snatched and killed a baby warthog right before their eyes.
Nazeem Mohammed, a 49-year-old trade finance banker had been watching a family of warthogs in South Africa's Kruger National Park when the grizzly scene unfolded.
"At first, just filming the warthog, it appeared to be an uneventful, run-of-the-mill drive. For some reason, I kept filming as the piglets ran from beneath one tree to the next before crossing over the road," Mohammed told "My family and I were completely unaware of the martial eagle who remained hidden until the piglets crossed the road in the open."
True to its nature as an ambush predator, that's when the eagle made its move. Seemingly swooping in out of nowhere, the massive bird grabbed an unlucky piglet and patiently held the squirming prey between its giant claws until it died.
"Only once the eagle hooked its target did I realize just what a remarkable sighting I had just caught! Excitement naturally took over," said Mohammed.
After killing the warthog, the eagle immediately flew to a high perch and didn't return to the ground to feed until several hours later.
Image: Sharp Photography via Wikimedia Commons
With a wingspan ranging from 6 to 8 feet and the larger females weighing up to 14 pounds, martial eagles are the largest eagle species on the African continent. Their size belies astonishing power, too. The birds reportedly have enough power in one foot to break a person's arm and are capable of knocking an adult man of his feet.
The eagles typically hunt while in flight, zeroing in a wide variety of prey from as far as 4 miles away and stooping sharply to grab their targets. But occasionally, they will hunt from a high perch or concealed behind vegetation.
Martial eagles are classified a Vulnerable to extinction by the IUCN and are frequent targets of local farmers due to their habit of preying on livestock and game.
WATCH NEXT: Leopard Hunts Down Warthog


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Lake Medlow Dam
Lake Medlow Dam
Located about 110 kilometres west of Sydney, Lake Medlow Dam is on Adams Creek, between Katoomba and Blackheath.
Believed to be one of the thinnest dam walls in the world (only 106 centimetres wide at the top), the dam is located between Katoomba and Blackheath. It was the first of the dams built as part of the development of the upper Blue Mountains.
Today it still supplies water to the middle and upper Blue Mountains. The dam is not open to the public.
Height: 20 m
Length: 38 metres
Total storage capacity: 326 ML
Lake: 5 ha
Catchment: 5 square kilometres
Lake Medlow Dam history
Originally known as Adams Creek Dam, Lake Medlow Dam was built in 1907 on Adams Creek. It was the first of the water supply dams built as part of the development of the Upper Blue Mountains.
It was the first concrete thin arch, high stress dam built in NSW. Only 274 centimetres wide at the bottom and 106 centimetres at the top, it is one of the thinnest dams in the world and created considerable controversy when it was completed.
The Institution of Engineers, Australia placed a historic engineering marker on the dam in 1994. The National Trust and Blue Mountains City Council have registered the dam on their heritage list.
The completion of Lake Medlow Dam was a significant step in providing a reliable water supply for Medlow Bath, Blackheath and surrounding areas. Today, the dam supplies water via the Cascade dams to the Cascade water filtration plant, which provides water to the middle and upper Blue Mountains.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Hood College is a community that welcomes all those who seek to succeed. Hood presents a diverse face, one that embraces students with disabilities and celebrates the fact that differences come in many varieties.
We acknowledge and support the rights of students with disabilities to have access to higher education. In fact, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provides comprehensive civil rights protections for individuals with disabilities. The College works diligently to eliminate barriers to the educational pursuits of our students, wherever possible.
Each disability is unique in that there is no single pattern of symptoms or problems that hold true for all people with that disability. For this reason, services are individually tailored to the needs of each student.
People-First LanguageHood College recognizes the use of People-First Language as described below:
- Use "disability" rather than "handicap."
- Say "person with a disability" rather than "disabled person."
- Avoid negative or sensational descriptions such as, "suffers from" or "afflicted with" or "invalid."
- Don't portray people with disabilities as overly brave, superhuman, courageous, or special. This implies that it is unusual for people with disabilities to have talents or skills.
- Don't use "normal" to describe those without disabilities. Say "typical" or "people without disabilities."
Additional questions may be directed to Lauren Reis at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Relatively dominated representations
Annales de l'Institut Fourier, Volume 71 (2021) no. 5, pp. 2169-2235.
Anosov representations give a higher-rank analogue of convex cocompactness in a rank-one Lie group which shares many of its good geometric and dynamical properties; geometric finiteness in rank one may be seen as a controlled weakening of convex cocompactness to allow for isolated failures of hyperbolicity. We introduce relatively dominated representations as a relativization of Anosov representations, or in other words a higher-rank analogue of geometric finiteness. We prove that groups admitting relatively dominated representations must be relatively hyperbolic, that these representations induce limit maps with good properties, provide examples, and draw connections to work of Kapovich–Leeb which also introduces higher-rank analogues of geometric finiteness.
Les représentations Anosov fournissent une classe de sous-groupes discrets des groupes de Lie qui généralisent les sous-groupes convexes-cocompacts d'un groupe de Lie de rang un. En rang un, la classe des sous-groupes géométriquement finis est une généralisation de la classe des sous-groupes convexes-cocompacts, qui autorise des défauts isolés d'hyperbolicité. Nous introduisons les représentations relativement dominées comme une relativisation des représentations Anosov, autrement dit un analogue de la finitude géométrique en rang supérieur. Nous montrons qu'un groupe qui admet une représentation relativement dominée est nécessairement relativement hyperbolique et que ces représentations induisent des applications de bord satisfaisant des bonnes propriétés. Nous donnons des exemples et faisons des connexions avec le travail de Kapovich–Leeb sur d' autres analogues de la finitude géometrique en rang supérieur.
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Online First:
Published online:
DOI: 10.5802/aif.3449
Classification: 22E40, 20F67, 37D30, 53C35
Keywords: Discrete subgroups of Lie groups, geometric finiteness, dominated splittings, relatively hyperbolic groups
Zhu, Feng 1
1 Faculty of Mathematics, Technion, 733 Amado Building, _PHONE_ Haifa, (Israel)
License: CC-BY-ND 4.0
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Zhu, Feng. Relatively dominated representations. Annales de l'Institut Fourier, Volume 71 (2021) no. 5, pp. 2169-2235. doi : 10.5802/aif.3449. _URL_
[1] Abels, Herbert; Margulis, Gregory A.; Soĭfer, Grigoriĭ A. Semigroups containing proximal linear maps, Isr. J. Math., Volume 91 (1995) no. 1-3, pp. 1-30 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[2] Benoist, Yves Propriétés Asymptotiques des Groupes Linéaires, Geom. Funct. Anal., Volume 7 (1997) no. 1, pp. 1-47 | DOI | Zbl
[3] Bochi, Jairo; Gourmelon, Nicolas Some characterizations of domination, Math. Z., Volume 263 (2009) no. 1, pp. 221-231 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[4] Bochi, Jairo; Potrie, Rafael; Sambarino, Andrés Anosov representations and dominated splittings, J. Eur. Math. Soc., Volume 21 (2019) no. 11, pp. 3343-3414 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[5] Bowditch, Brian H. A Topological Characterisation of Hyperbolic Groups, J. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 11 (1998) no. 3, pp. 643-667 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[6] Bowditch, Brian H. Relatively hyperbolic groups, Int. J. Algebra Comput., Volume 22 (2012) no. 03, _PHONE_ | DOI | MR | Zbl
[7] Bridgeman, Martin; Canary, Richard; Labourie, François; Sambarino, Andrés The pressure metric for Anosov representations, Geom. Funct. Anal., Volume 25 (2015) no. 4, pp. _PHONE_ | DOI | MR | Zbl
[8] Cannon, James W.; Cooper, Daryl A Characterization of Cocompact Hyperbolic and Finite-Volume Hyperbolic Groups in Dimension Three, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 330 (1992) no. 1, pp. 419-431 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[9] Crampon, Mickaël; Marquis, Ludovic Finitude géométrique en géométrie de Hilbert, Ann. Inst. Fourier, Volume 64 (2014) no. 6, pp. 2299-2377 | DOI | Numdam | Zbl
[10] Crampon, Mickaël; Marquis, Ludovic Le flot géodésique des quotients géométriquement finis des géométries de Hilbert, Pac. J. Math., Volume 268 (2014) no. 2, pp. 313-369 | DOI | Zbl
[11] Farb, Benson Relatively hyperbolic groups, Geom. Funct. Anal., Volume 8 (1998) no. 5, pp. 810-840 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[12] Gerasimov, Victor Expansive Convergence Groups are Relatively Hyperbolic, Geom. Funct. Anal., Volume 19 (2009) no. 1, pp. 137-169 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[13] Groff, Bradley W. Quasi-isometries, boundaries and JSJ-decompositions of relatively hyperbolic groups, J. Topol. Anal., Volume 5 (2013) no. 4, pp. 451-475 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[14] Gromov, Mikhael Hyperbolic groups, Essays in group theory (Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications), Volume 8, Springer, 1987, pp. 75-263 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[15] Groves, Daniel; Manning, Jason F. Dehn filling in relatively hyperbolic groups, Isr. J. Math., Volume 168 (2008) no. 1, p. 317 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[16] Guéritaud, François; Guichard, Olivier; Kassel, Fanny; Wienhard, Anna Anosov representations and proper actions, Geom. Topol., Volume 21 (2017) no. 1, pp. 485-584 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[17] Guichard, Olivier; Wienhard, Anna Anosov representations: domains of discontinuity and applications, Invent. Math., Volume 190 (2012) no. 2, pp. 357-438 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[18] Kapovich, Michael; Leeb, Bernhard Relativizing characterizations of Anosov subgroups. I (2018) (_URL_
[19] Kapovich, Michael; Leeb, Bernhard; Porti, Joan Some recent results on Anosov representations, Transform. Groups, Volume 21 (2016) no. 4, pp. _PHONE_ | DOI | MR | Zbl
[20] Kapovich, Michael; Leeb, Bernhard; Porti, Joan A Morse lemma for quasigeodesics in symmetric spaces and Euclidean buildings, Geom. Topol., Volume 22 (2018) no. 7, pp. 3827-3923 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[21] Labourie, François Anosov flows, surface groups and curves in projective space, Invent. Math., Volume 165 (2006) no


Maximum Likelihood Imaging for Sensor ArraysPP
We propose the Sieved Maximum Likelihood (SiML) method for imaging purposes in array signal processing. It uses a general functional data model, allowing for an unrestricted number of arbitrarily-shaped sources. As the likelihood problem elicits many solutions, we restrict the search space dimension using an information criterion. Asymptotic confidence intervals are derived. We show that SiML is computationally very efficient, and results in much better accuracy than the traditional spectral-based methods.
This is poster number 36 in Poster Session
Authors:
Matthieu Simeoni (EPFL / IBM Research)
Paul Hurley (IBM Research, Zurich)
Keywords:
array signal processing, image reconstruction, inverse problems, random fields, sampling operator, sieved maximum likelihood, statistical inverse estimation methods, stochastic processes


text:
The Eeyou Marine Region Land Claims Agreement
The Eeyou Marine Region Impact Review Board is an Institution of Public Government established under the Eeyou Marine Region Land Claims Agreement (EMRLCA). The Agreement was signed by the Governments of Canada and Nunavut, and by the Grand Council of the Crees on behalf of the Crees of Eeyou Istchee. It was signed on July 7, 2010 and came into effect on February 15, 2012. The EMRLCA is a treaty recognized under the Constitution Act, 1982.
The EMRLCA is a comprehensive land claims agreement that sets out the respective rights of Canada and the Cree in regard to the Eeyou Marine Region (EMR). The EMR is a remarkable expanse of land located in eastern James Bay and southeastern Hudson Bay. It covers approximately 61,270 square kilometers and affects the lives of 17,146 Cree that live on the mainland in northern Quebec.
To effectively manage land use, hunting, fishing, trapping, and development in the EMR, the Crees and the Government of Canada established three Institutions of Public Government:
- the Eeyou Marine Region Planning Commission (EMRPC) - Chapter 8 of the EMRLCA
- the Eeyou Marine Region Wildlife Board (EMRWB) - Chapter 13 of the EMRLCA
- the Eeyou Marine Region Impact Review Board (EMRIRB) - Chapter 18 of the EMRLCA
The main purposes of the Agreement include provisions for the following:
- Cree ownership of most of the islands in Eastern James Bay and Southern Hudson Bay from Long Island going South
- Joint ownership by the Cree and Inuit of Nunavik of most of the islands from Long Island North to Umiujaq
- Ownership of subsurface mineral rights of the above islands
- Cree share of royalty payments made to government flowing from natural resources extracted from the seabed
- Compensation paid over nine years to the Cree Nation Government
- Cree harvesting regime for the offshore region
- Cree participation in the EMR Wildlife Board, EMR Impact Review Board, and EMR Planning Commission
- Cree participation in development projects through Impact and Benefit Agreements
- Safeguard of Cree Aboriginal rights, including right of self-government not affecting lands or resources in Nunavut and in the area comprising Hudson Bay and James Bay
- Protected areas, land use planning, government employments and contracts, archaeology, and ethnographic resources
As set out in Chapter 18 of the Agreement, the EMRIRB has the primary responsibility to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts of proposed development projects within the EMR.


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New U.S. Embassy in Pristina, Kosovo, Wins Engineering Excellence Grand Award from American Council of Engineering Companies
Water Storage and Heat Sink at U.S. Embassy Pristina, Kosovo
The American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC), a leading organization representing the business and professional interests of consulting engineering firms in the United States, honored the new U.S. Embassy in Pristina, Kosovo, as a 2020 Grand Award Winner in the Engineering Excellence category.
The ACEC awards jury recognized the project's cutting-edge approach to waste-water management and energy conservation. An example of the Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations' (OBO) resilient and sustainable projects, cost-effective measures were taken that allowed for annual energy and water savings of roughly 40% and 90%, respectively. These measures included the use of daylight harvesting, solar water heaters, rainwater harvesting, the installation of an optimized building envelope, and the construction of an on-site wastewater treatment plant. The on-site wastewater treatment plant does double duty, keeping the Embassy self-sufficient and recycling graywater which is treated for use on the site and in the building. The large water feature provides water storage and serves as a heat sink for the ground-sourced heat pump, reducing the energy needed to heat or cool the building year-round. Altogether, the Embassy has achieved nearly net-zero water capability for the entire campus.
The U.S. Embassy was recognized alongside other complex projects that represent some of the most innovative in the engineering industry. ACEC presented the awards at this year's Engineering Excellence Awards Virtual Gala on December 1. Mason and Hanger, the architectural and engineering firm that submitted the project for consideration, continues to showcase OBO's dedication to innovation in the field of engineering, stewardship, security, and resilience. The project was designed by Davis Brody Bond of New York and constructed by BL Harbert International of Alabama.
Since the start of the Department's Capital Security Construction Program in 1999, OBO has completed 164 new diplomatic facilities. OBO currently has more than 50 active projects either in design or under construction worldwide.
OBO provides safe, secure, functional, and resilient facilities that represent the U.S. government to the host nation and that support U.S. diplomats in advancing U.S. foreign policy objectives abroad.


ZF-6009: Zend_Text_MultiByte::wordWrap() incorrect work
When you try to do something like this:
$line = Zend_Text_MultiByte::wordWrap('abcdef', 2,'', true, 'utf-8');
you'll get "ab cd cdef". But expected result is "ab cd ef".
The problem actually is in line 62 of Zend/Text/MultiByte.php:
$line = substr($string, strlen($matches[0]));
$string is the first parameter for the method wordWrap(). In cycle this code always cuts part from input string, but not from actual value. It should be:
$line = substr($line, strlen($matches[0]));
 - Fixed in r14283-14284 and merged into 1.7 release branch with r14285.
 - Required a complete rewrite of the method
 - Missing unit tests added


text:
In this tutorial, you have a chance to learn how to create a realistic water effect in flash using the mask and some special flash tips and tricks. To create this lesson, you don't have to use A.S.code. You will also learn how to create water shape, how to animate it, convert it into a Movie Clip Symbol and more!
Example: Step 1
Create a new flash document and set frame rate to 13 fps (Frames per Second).Step 2
Import any picture in flash (Ctrl+R), on which you want to apply the water effect.Step 3
While your picture is still selected, press F8 key (Convert to Symbol) to convert it into a Movie Clip.Step 4
Double click on a new made Movie Clip (picture) or choose right click and Edit in Place.Step 5
While your picture is still selected, press F8 key to Convert it into a Graphic symbol.
After that, double click on layer1 to rename its name in mianPicture. Then, click on frame 1, choose right click and Copy Frames.Step 6
Insert a new layer and name it picture. Click on frame 1 and choose right click and Paste Frames.Step 7
Insert a new layer again, and name it waterEffect.Step 8
Take the Rectangle Tool (R), Stroke color must be switched off, under Fill color choose any color and draw a "rectangle" over the picture. Then, take the Selection Tool (V), and do like it is shown on the picture below.
Finally, you'll need to get this:Step 9
Click on frame 10, 20 and 30 of layer waterEffect and press F6 (Keyframe).Step 10
Go back on frame 10, and using the arrows key on the keyboard, move the "effect" a little down. After that click on frame 30, and move the "effect" a little up.Step 11
Select the waterEffect layer, and in Properties Panel under Tween choose Shape.Step 12
Select waterEffect layer and convert it to a mask by right-clicking on the waterEffect layer and selecting Mask.Step 13
Click on frame 30 of layer picture and main_picture and press F5 on the keyboard.
Test your Movie (Ctrl+Enter).
We're done!Download source file (.fla)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Map of flight path and driving directions from Teresina to Araçatuba.
Shortest flight path between Teresina Airport (THE) and Araçatuba Airport (ARU).
How far is Araçatuba from Teresina?
There are several ways to calculate distances between Teresina and Araçatuba. Here are two common methods:Vincenty's formula (applied above)
- 1217.601 miles
- 1959.539 kilometers
- 1058.066 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 1222.381 miles
- 1967.231 kilometers
- 1062.220 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance – the shortest distance between two points).
Time difference and current local times
There is no time difference between Teresina and Araçatuba.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 162 kg (357 pounds).
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Teresina (THE) → Araçatuba (ARU).


text:
Summary: The Stakeholder Workshop Series
Connect with others. Synthesize Knowledge. Solidify relationships.
Workshop 3- Salmon
What is the Stakeholder Workshop Series?
The Stakeholder Workshop Series is creating a safe space to explore, build, and maintain links
among management issues associated with: fisheries, forestry, mining and agriculture. The three
themes for the workshop series: 1) Water, 2) Climate Change, and 3) Salmon are not mutually
exclusive; each theme overlaps, with previous discussions lending insight to the next. During
each workshop, participants will work to identify barriers to collaboration and knowledge
exchange and consider innovative ways to overcome these barriers. All stakeholders will benefit
from learning about how others understand patterns of ecological, social, and economic
processes. Due to the cultural differences between people, these workshops aim to address
aspects of natural resource management while uncovering how different stakeholders understand
the same information in different ways. For the purpose of this discussion, stakeholders are
defined as people within society that share specific concerns (recognising that individuals may
simultaneously belong to several stakeholder groups).
Although we will be building bridges between different ways of understanding the world, this
workshop series does not aim to create a new committee. Rather, we will work to synthesise


text:
Coefficient of Friction
The coefficient of friction of a composite material is not a constant. It is dictated by the materials of the mating contact surfaces and by the roughness of the harder one. With combinations that have very different strength values (such as polymer with steel), the coefficient of friction also depends on the load. In addition, due to the polymer's strong tendency to change all mechanical properties under temperature, the coefficient of friction is also affected by speed and ambient temperature. The coefficient of friction drops as load increases and as speed decreases. It also changes as the bearings wear.
During the wear-in period, NORGLIDE® bearings are shortly exposed to higher wear. A polymer transfer layer forms on the metal contact surface. After wear-in, a relatively constant performance range is found, which is controlled by the pure PTFE compound layer.
With bronze reinforced NORGLIDE® bearing types, the coefficient of friction increases slightly after prolonged service due to the exposure of bronze to the mating surface. The bronze may then have contact with the shaft. This factor should be taken into account when selecting materials for applications with higher admissible wear or high pressure.
The coefficient of friction of NORGLIDE® T bearings stays constant over the whole service life. With NORGLIDE® PRO XL bearings, the bronze layer can be reached after a short period, and the coefficient of friction grows gradually.
Generally speaking, the coefficient of friction of NORGLIDE® bearing materials is outstandingly low in comparison with other polymer bearings due to the use of PTFE as the main component in the bearing surface.
» For more details on low friction products and benefits, please visit Sales and Support for regional contact information or Email Us directly with your enquiry.


text:
Razer today announced the Razer Tartarus Pro, the company's first keypad fitted with analog optical switches designed for gamers.
The Tartarus Pro is equipped with Razer Analog Optical Switches, enabling the keypad to measure how deep each key is pressed. This allows the Tartarus Pro to emulate analog input similar to controller thumbsticks. Additionally, gamers can adjust the actuation point between 1.5mm for a faster keystroke, or up to 3.6mm for a deeper, and more deliberate press.
At the heart of the Razer Analog Optical Switches, an infrared light beam passes through switch stem, while a sensor measures the depth of the switch based on how much light passes through. As such, the switches can register scaling levels of input in the same keystroke.
This lets advanced users take advantage of dual-function keys to bind two functions to each key – one that triggers on a partial keystroke, and another on a full keystroke.
The Tartarus Pro has 32 programmable keys including an eight-way directional thumbpad, which can be assigned for navigation or other commands unique to the user's requirements. The eight quick-toggle profiles allow users to swap between settings or skill loadouts via a side button that changes profile instantaneously.
A customizable alternative to any keyboard, the analog input from the Tartarus Pro is compatible with all gamepad-supported games without the need for integration.
- Razer Analog Optical Switches
- 32 fully programmable keys
- Secondary function for each key
- Chroma backlighting with 16.8 million customizable color options
- Programmable 8-way directional thumb-pad
- Instantaneous switching between 8 key maps
- Unlimited macro lengths
- Razer Synapse enabled
- Braided fiber cable
- Unlimited customizable profiles via Razer Synapse
The Tartarus Pro is available for $129.99 USD / €149.99.


text:
LIL' GIRL, BIG CAR | 1930s Source: Old Photographs of African Americans Unknownn Faces (OPOAA), submitted by Constance Couch. The Way We Were, Vintage African American Vernacular Photography by Black History Album (blackhistoryalbum.com)
The 1968 Olympics Black Power Salute: African American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos raise their fists in a gesture of solidarity at the 1968 Olympic games. Australian Silver medalist Peter Norman wore an Olympic Project for Human Rights badge in support of their protest. Both Americans were expelled from the games as a result
Lisa Bonet as Denise Huxtable, fashion icon. Bonet was born in San Francisco. Her African-American father, Allen Bonet, is an opera singer and was born in Texas; her Jewish mother, Arlene (née Litman), was a teacher. Lisa is the mother of Zoe Kravitz.
Jester Hairston, an African American choral composer and actor, was born on July 9, 1901. As one of the greatest choral music directors, Hairston composed or arranged more than 300 gospel spirituals in films such as "Green Pastures" and "She Wore a Yellow Ribbon." One of the first black actors in the Screen Actors Guild, among his notable works was the song "Amen" from the Sidney Poitier film, "Lilies of the Field."


Layer dialog box
Assigns the selected shape to one or more layers or cancels a shape's layer assignment.
On layer(s)
Highlights the layers to which the selected shape is assigned. To change the layer assignment, click a different layer name. To assign the shape to additional layers, press CTRL and click the layer names.
Preserve group member layers
Specifies that the group's member shapes retain their current layer assignments. This setting becomes active when you assign the group to a layer. Selecting this option has no effect unless the currently selected shape is a group.
For example, you might assign a desk to the furniture layer and a computer to the electronics layer and then group them. If you then assign the group to the den layer, the desk and computer retain their previous layer assignments as well.
If this option is not checked and you assign a group to a layer, all of the group members are assigned to the new layer. Their previous layer assignments are canceled.
Opens the New Layer dialog box, in which you can type a name to create a new layer.
See Also
Add a layer
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text:
APOBEC3G, or A3G for short, is an enzyme that was previously known to fight HIV by inhibiting wild type Viral infectivity factor (Vif). It was the first enzyme that turned cytidine to uridine to be discovered. Some researchers now believe that it acts as a "double agent" by actually facilitating Vif depending on the amounts of DNA deaminase activity. According to the researchers studying this enzyme "The simplest answer might be the little DNA deaminase activity benefits the virus and a high level of activity destroys the virus" (Smith). This enzyme can be antiviral by inhibition of VIF or an HIV facilitator by bringing diversity to the genome of the virus which in turn gives new versions of the virus drug resistance properties.
APOBEC3G is a deaminase, which removes an amino radical from an amino acid or a compound. A3G deaminase-dependent antiviral activity hinders Vif by changing its genetic code and not allowing reverse transcription to take place.
APOBEC3G: a Double Agent in Defense
Harold C. Smith


Aircraft-based Observations world map
WWW > GOS > Aircraft-based Observations > ABO Work Teams > Work Program >
EGOS-IP Aircraft-based Observations
Development Actions
Implementation Plan for Evolution of the GOS
The fundamental basis for global development of the aircraft-based observing sytem and the AMDAR system is the IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR THE EVOLUTION OF GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEMS (EGOS-IP) and, in particular, the actions on Aircraft meteorological stations under Recommendations for the evolution of Surface-Based Sub-system of GOS, Section 5.3.1.3:
5.3.1.3. Aircraft meteorological stations
In the northern hemisphere, meteorological data derived from aircraft stations, especially the
automatic data produced by the AMDAR system, are an excellent complement to the data
derived from the radiosonde network. This system produces vertical profile data in the vicinity of airports and single-level data when aircraft are flying at cruise levels. It has been shown through NWP impact studies that their impact on numerical forecasts has a magnitude similar to the impact of the radiosonde network. In the southern hemisphere and in the tropics the aircraft data coverage is very poor although there is some potential for developing it, preferably in a way that is complementary to existing AMDAR and radiosonde networks.
Extending aircraft observations data coverage is important and can be achieved through the
extension of the programme to new airlines and aircraft operating in data-sparse areas. The
programme coverage can also be improved greatly through an optimization process. This can be achieved through two general activities. Firstly, existing programmes can be extended so that internationally-operating aircraft are activated for reporting outside the national areas or regions that tend to be restricted by national programme constraints. Secondly, one can enhance the capabilities of programmes to control data output through the wider development and implementation of automated data optimization systems. Such systems, whilst allowing the efficient growth of the programme outside and across international boundaries with appropriate agreements in place, will also offer the potential to utilize the AMDAR system as an adaptive observing network (capability to change the reporting regime to serve the changing purposes of programme areas).
Action G19
Action: Improve AMDAR coverage over areas that currently have poor coverage, especially within Regions I and III, focussing on the provision of data at airports in the tropics and southern hemisphere where vertical profiles are most needed to complement current radiosonde data coverage and its likely evolution.
Who: NMSs, NMHSs in collaboration with commercial and other airlines, RAs. AMDAR
Programme Management to lead the action.
Time-frame: Continuous.
Performance indicators: Number of airports where AMDAR measurements are taken.
Amount of vertical profiles and AMDAR data in general, measured by the usual indicators
of current AMDAR programmes.
Action G20
Action: Extend the AMDAR programme so as to equip and activate more internationally operating fleets and aircraft (i.e. fleets and aircraft flying to and between international
airports outside the country of origin) and extend the use of data optimization systems in
support of improved upper-air observations coverage and efficiency, and also the
adaptive functionality of the system.
Who: NMSs, NMHSs in collaboration with commercial and other airlines, RAs, CBS and
AMDAR Programme Management. AMDAR Programme Management to lead the action.
Time-frame: Continuous.
Performance indicators: The number of airports where AMDAR measurements are
taken and number of vertical profiles per day at each airport. The number of international
airlines and aircraft equipped to provide AMDAR observations. The adaptability of the
AMDAR programme.
Action G21
Action: Given the nature of the aircraft observing system as an increasingly critical and
basic component of the Global Observing System, seek to establish agreements with airlines and the aviation industry to ensure that the system, infrastructure, data and communications protocols are supported and standardized within relevant aviation industry frameworks so as to ensure continuity and reliability of the system.
Who: NMSs, NMHSs in collaboration with national and other airlines and aviation
industry, RAs, CBS and AMDAR Programme Management. AMDAR Programme
Management to lead the action.
Time-frame: Continuous.
Performance indicators: Agreements made with aviation industry partners and
organizations.
Data produced by humidity sensors are now used operationally from an increasing number of
aircraft both in the USA and Europe, and it is critical and strategic to continue this development in order to converge to systems which measure humidity as well as air pressure (pressure altitude), temperature and wind as do radiosondes. Such an extension will provide an increased opportunity to restructure the upper-air observing systems for efficiency and improvement in coverage.
Action G22
Action: Continue the development and operational implementation of humidity sensors
as an integrated component of the AMDAR system to ensure that humidity data is,
processed and transmitted in the same way as wind and temperature.
Who: NMSs, NMHSs in collaboration with commercial and other airlines and TCs (CBS,
CIMO) and AMDAR Programme Management. AMDAR Programme Management to lead
the action.
Time-frame: Continuous.
Performance indicator: A number of aircraft providing humidity data in real-time.
The lower cost of aircraft observations in comparison to the radiosonde information as well as the reduced reliance on ground-based systems and infrastructure make it an ideal candidate system for rapid and reliable expansion of upper-air observations for developing countries in support of local, regional and global data users. Such an expansion should be undertaken in parallel with the necessary development action to facilitate the provision and utilization of data.
Observations of turbulence and icing are also made on some aircraft and it is desirable to expand this capability of the AMDAR system with these parameters in support of aviation operations and safety as well as other meteorological applications.
Action G23
Action: Enhance and extend the capability to report observations of atmospheric
turbulence and icing variables as an integrated component of the AMDAR system and in
line with the requirements of the relevant programme areas and data users.
Who: NMSs, NMHSs in collaboration with airlines and TC (CBS, CIMO) and AMDAR
Programme Management l, RAs. AMDAR Programme Management to lead the action.
Time-frame: Continuous.
Performance indicator: A number of aircraft providing atmospheric turbulence and icing
data in real-time.
Another source of important potential progress is the research and development actions associated with AMDAR systems for small aircraft, usually referred to as General Aviation (GA) aircraft. These aircraft tend to fly and generate level data in the middle troposphere whilst operating over shorter regional flight legs. This type of observation would be very useful for regional and local purposes and could also contribute to global data coverage. Priority should be placed on equipping aircraft operating on, to and out of isolated islands and remote sites where radiosonde observations are not available, e.g. deserts, islands and the Arctic. The impact of existing data sets (derived from deployment of the commercial communications and sensor system) on high resolution NWP models has been evaluated and compared to other observing systems such as profilers and radars. The results are encouraging: see for example Moninger et al. (2010) and Benjamin et al. (2010). In spite of several technical snags, AMDAR systems for GA aircraft do have potential for contributing to the improvement of data coverage of vertical profiles of AMDAR measurements (wind, temperature, humidity, turbulence and icing) in the lower troposphere and this development should be pursued whilst taking into account the potential associated with new and developing technologies such as ADS-B and Mode S.
Action G24
Action: Develop and implement operational AMDAR systems which are adapted to small
aircrafts operating at the regional scale and flying at low altitude in the troposphere.
Who: Airlines operating small aircraft, NMSs, NMHSs in collaboration with RAs, CBS and
AMDAR Programme Management. AMDAR Programme Management to lead the action.
Time-frame: Continuous.
Performance indicator: Number of small aircrafts providing AMDAR observations
operationally in real-time.
Atmospheric composition measurements for several species, aerosols and volcanic ash are measured on some aircraft, but more in research than in operational mode. The actions related to atmospheric chemistry are documented in section 5.3.8.4.
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Can others tell how drunk you are?
Jill Margo
Jill MargoHealth editor
After drinking too much, your assessment of your level of intoxication will likely be inaccurate but now, a new study has shown sober observers won't be able to tell how drunk you are either.
Like you, they will underestimate your level of intoxication which is potentially dangerous, particularly in situations where you might be driving and they might be your passengers.
"Even professionals who regularly interact with alcohol-intoxicated people can be surprisingly poor at correctly identifying the presence and level of intoxication," says Dr Monds. AP Photo/Lewis Joly
The study was conducted on students in New Zealand during the University of Otago's orientation week, a period with social events typified by alcohol use.
That they were talking and walking into concerts, and were apparently functional, meant none had drunk to the point of being paralytic.
"We assume we know what alcohol intoxication looks like because it's so common," says co-leader of the study, Dr Lauren Monds, an academic fellow in the speciality of addiction medicine at Sydney University.
But in the study, it came as surprise to see how sober observers underestimated the level of intoxication they were seeing directly in front of them.
Dr Lauren Monds, an academic fellow in the speciality of Addiction medicine at Sydney University.
"Our results mean we need to be careful assuming that we can accurately spot when someone has had too much alcohol and that they may actually be worse off than we realise."
This is important for staff in multiple occupations, such as police, doctors and bartenders, who rely on their observational skills to detect intoxication,
The study, published in the journal Drug and Alcohol Review, found both drinkers and observers were relatively accurate at lower levels of consumption.
At high levels, other studies have suggested people underestimate their own intoxication because they have become cognitively impaired and can't work out what's really happening to them.
"But that doesn't hold for observers, in our study, who were not intoxicated and were not cognitively impaired. We need to start thinking about other explanations for why they can't accurately detect intoxication in others, at the highest levels," she says.
One possibility is that there was a kind of "ceiling effect" in this group. After a certain level of high intoxication there are no further signs to indicate someone was more severely intoxicated.
This effect could be at work in the space between appearing functional while intoxicated, before crossing into insensibility and an obvious drunken stupor.
This is a tentative explanation that needs more research, Dr Monds says.
The study, which involved about 400 students and was co-led by Dr Benjamin Riordan, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at La Trobe University, Melbourne, suggested there may also be cultural differences at work and differences in people's ability to tolerate alcohol.
Perceptions of intoxication were measured against blood alcohol levels and showed that if you've had one or two drinks you are probably reasonably accurate at guessing if you'd be over the limit.
However, once your blood alcohol levels get to about two or three times the legal drinking limit, you and your friends probably underestimate how drunk you really are.
A previous study found police significantly underestimated the blood alcohol level at both low and high levels of intoxication. Another study in emergency settings found clinicians missed 23 per cent of alcohol-intoxicated presentations.
Bias was often at work. Clinicians were significantly more likely falsely to suspect patients looking dishevelled or of low socioeconomic status, of intoxication.
The authors say experience or training may not always be enough to overcome these inaccuracies. An added complication is that many signs commonly associated with intoxication, such as slurred speech or poor motor coordination, can be present in sober people with other issues.


Home Infrastructure Getting in the swing
Getting in the swing
Huge skies. That's what you get on the Norfolk Broads. Huge skies and flat landscapes. Not, perhaps, as flat as the Cambridgeshire Fens which seem almost concave, but nevertheless flat enough for you to see for miles. In the distance there can be sails moving slowly through the fields amongst the remains of drainage windmills. Those holiday makers intrepid enough to venture from the safe haven of the North Rivers to the wilder Southern Rivers – the Yare and the Waveney – will come across several iconic structures.
The Broadland swing bridges were built to accommodate tall trading vessels bound for Norwich or Beccles in Suffolk. Over the years several lines closed and with them three of the bridges – Aldeby and Haddiscoe over the Waveney and the huge Breydon Water swing bridge. But despite the closures, Network Rail still owns four swing bridges in the Anglia area, Trowse, Reedham, Somerleyton and Oulton Broad – all of which must be able to open for river traffic – a requirement of the original acts of parliament.
Challenging mixture of disciplines
Bob Chatten is Network Rail's electrification and plant maintenance engineer and is responsible for all the swing bridges. They are a challenging mixture of disciplines. They carry track that has to return to a safe state after each bridge opening. The basic load carrying structures are conventional bridges, the lifting and swinging components are mechanical plant. They are also linked into the signalling system and are operated by signallers who have to be trained to open and close them. The Trowse structure also carries overhead line electrification – a unique feature in the UK.
Trowse
Swing bridges can be either very simple structures with fiendishly complex controls or they can be complex structures whose operation is simplicity itself.
Trowse is the youngest and simplest structure and is just outside Norwich station. It spans the river Wensum just before it flows into the Yare – the river that flows out to sea at Yarmouth. It's several years since the last coastal freighter berthed in the centre of Norwich. Holiday and leisure craft are now all that need to have the bridge swung.
The present structure was built in 1986 at the time of the electrification of the Ipswich to Norwich section of the Great Eastern main line. It seemed like a good idea to restrict it to a single track – hindsight is a wonderful luxury! It's a compact structure. The bridge swings on a pivot at the river's edge. To reduce encroachment into the river bank it has a short landward span with a massive counterweight slung underneath to counter-balance the river span.
Like all of the swing bridges, when they are open to rail traffic they sit solidly on both landward bearings and the pivot pier.
This poses the question – how are they freed from these bearings so that they can be swung with a minimum of effort. The answer is that they have to be jacked up clear of their bearings.
The Norwich structure uses brute force. The whole bridge is lifted at the pivot, chocked and then swung clear of the river.
Obliterated electronics
Up to 2008 all was well. Then came a violent thunderstorm and a lightning strike completely obliterated the electronic control system of the hydraulics. The bridge was stuck – shut to the river. Bearing in mind that the original electronics were of 1980s vintage it proved very difficult to carry out like-for-like repairs. In fact, the damage was so great that the whole of the control gear had to be rebuilt from scratch.
In conjunction with Converteam UK Ltd it has taken several years of trial and error to build a new control system. There is very little time during the night both to experiment with settings and to return the bridge to a serviceable condition before the early morning London trains are due.
There are a large number of stages involved in opening a bridge with overhead line electrification – which has to be isolated – that is linked into colour light signalling and that carries around eight trains an hour. The hydraulic jacks have to operate to millimetre accuracy and all have to be detected.
Once the structure is airborne and clear of encumbrances it can be spun by hydraulic motors. The jacks and transducers are located in the counterweight swing pit and controlled from the operating room beneath the signalbox. The sequences are controlled by banks of computers.
With a completely refurbished control system the bridge is close to being fully operational. The bridge isolates itself, lifts clear of the bearings and swings smoothly and silently.
Complicated structures
It is easy to misinterpret the structures of the old swingbridges at Reedham, Somerleyton and Oulton Broad. Dominating the skyline are slender steel sections that rise above the central piers giving the impression that they are involved in carrying the trains. They're not of course, they're much too slender. A Victorian Broadland swingbridge consists of two separate elements within the moving bridge. There are the track/train carrying structures both of which are over the river – one span over the navigable section and one over the non-navigable section. There is also a cradle (the visibly dominant bit) that carries these two spans when the bridge is open to river traffic.
To complicate matters slightly, the track carrying structures have supports at their midpoints in the cradle so that they can pivot a small amount vertically when their ends are free.
To free the track span from the landward bearings, heavy steel chocks are drawn out from under the span ends on the central pier allowing them to drop slightly as they pivot about their mid-point supports in the cradle. Thus the landward ends rise clear of their bearings.
Once clear, the bridge is hauled round by a steel hawser that is powered by a very simple and ancient clutch operated winding gear. It is the skill of the signaller that ensures that the hawser is operated smoothly so ensuring a gentle landing when the bridge is hauled back into position. To the river-user the bridge moves completely silently and remarkably quickly.
No repair manual
These structures, although simple, can pose tricky engineering challenges. There's no manual on how to replace worn parts. Several generations can pass between major repairs and so there'll be nobody to pass on knowledge. When the central bearing on Somerleyton swing bridge started to seize it required some very careful, first principals engineering to coax the bridge back into life. There are jockey wheels around the perimeter of the central pier to steady the swing operation. When it was found that some of these were floating above the steel tracking ring this too indicated that all was not well with the bearing alignment. For such large structures Bob says that they work on extremely fine tolerances.
At the time of writing, Kier with subcontractors Sonic Rail Services were on site at Somerleyton gently nurturing the new bearing during it's long commissioning period, and also putting in some strategic improvements. There will be ancillary manual plant to haul the bridge back into position if the aging winding gear becomes overloaded. Of course, this isn't straightforward on a river bank sitting on vast quantities of silt.
Historic seawater pumps
The Oulton Broad swing bridge which is on the seaward side of the Oulton Broad lock is rarely seen by the general run-of-the-mill Broadland holiday makers. If they've got that far they're definitely out of bounds. This is a slightly smaller structure than the others but operates on similar principles. In October it is scheduled to have its historic seawater hydraulic pumps and its equally ancient winding gear replaced by modern equivalents. This follows a very successful Civil's refurbishment a couple of years ago.
Whole life management strategy
In the winter months the bridges at Somerleyton and Reedham are operated fairly infrequently. Only truly hardy sailors venture on the Southern rivers at this time of year. But a new holiday season has just started and they will be left open to river traffic, only closing just before a train is due. By the end of this financial year, Network Rail will have finished all essential planned works. In parallel though, they will be carrying out a review to decide on the whole life management strategy for Reedham and Somerleyton. But for now these extraordinary structures will continue to open and close silently over the tidal Broadland waters whatever the weather.
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Hatfield remembered, twenty years on
Twenty years ago, on 17 October 2000, a train derailed just south of Hatfield station while travelling at around 115mph. Four people...


text:
Hydro-seeding is advanced method of quickly applying water, seed and fertiliser to a large area. It is especially useful in uneven and difficult to access areas.
In many cases results are improved through the addition of a tackifier. This helps hold seeds in place during the germination phase. Water$ave Hydro-Tac is a stand-alone tackifier that can be used without the addition of mulch.
As well as reducing seed loss during wind or rain event, Hydro-Tac also reduces evaporation, improves water infiltration and improves the physical properties of soils. Its anionic properties allow small colloidal particles to bind together, reducing loss of top-soil and hard-panning.
Hydro-Tac is an anionic, linear polymer in powdered form. It is soluble in water and can be used with a marking dye.
It is non-toxic and biodegrades over time, with no bio-accumulation in the soil.
Hydro-mulching is the application of water, seed and fertiliser in combination with a growth medium (eg paper pulp, sugar cane or straw mulch).
It is common to introduce a binding agent into the slurry before application to help stabilise the mulch and retain moisture.
Water$ave Hydro is a blend of superabsorbent and linear polymers designed specifically for Hydro-mulching. The absorbent polymer particles absorb both water and fertiliser, and release them over time, leading to better strike rates and fewer dry or bare spots. The addition of a linear polymer to the blend acts as a binder that helps the mulch bind together and stay in place while the seeds germinate.
It is important to add can revegetate and cover a vast area very quickly and represents a scientifically advanced way to revegetate compared to other conventional methods including direct seeding and drill seeding. It can be used to revegetate areas that are difficult and/or dangerous to access, as well as moderate slopes with the addition of a binder, making the task of providing erosion control for verges or soil stockpiles much easier. Binders form a hard crust and work to bind soil to the seed, preventing erosion, increasing water retention and promoting faster germination of seeds.


text:
The Food Standards Agency:
Bringing Data Strategy To The Table
The Food Standards Agency has a wide and complex remit - to ensure food standards are functioning at all times across the entire UK food chain, from farm to fork.
The burden of management of such a remit is obviously extensive, and the FSA realised that data strategy could become pivotal to its future development and lightening this load. With DEFRA undertaking to open up data across all its agencies, the FSA realised that more open and shared data could reduce this burden of management.
What We Did
Visceral Business was asked to help explore and develop the opportunities by holding a series of workshops with FSA
partners and potential partners - from farmers to food providers and retailers, large and small, across a range of food production areas. We designed a data canvas and explored current and future practices with this group and how management reporting could be radically changed, from resource intensive inspection regimes to a national data infrastructure, using exceptional reporting whilst maintaining quality control and reducing costs for the FSA and its partners.
A fundamental change of management approach, with the prospect of radically reduced operating costs is underway as a result of digital business design. This work is ongoing and has led to development of a detailed digital strategy.


text:
Add text to each line online
Keywords: append, add, texts, lines, number, prepend, concatenate
Append text to the end or beginning of each line. You can add constant text, the number of line, the line itself and more
The text you want to work with
Tip: write %N% for the line number; and/or %L% for the line itself
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text:
Michael A. Register
Michael A. Register has been with the St. Johns River Water Management District since 1990.
During his tenure with the district, he has worked in a variety of areas, including environmental resource permitting, consumptive use permitting, water supply planning, engineering and environmental sciences.
As director of the Division of Water Supply Planning and Assessment, he is currently responsible for overseeing the Bureau of Watershed Management, the Bureau of Resource Evaluation and the Bureau of Water Supply Planning. These work groups are responsible for performing surface water and groundwater modeling, developing minimum flow and levels (MFLs) and prevention/recovery strategies, and conducting the district's water supply planning efforts.
Register holds Bachelor of Science and Master of Engineering degrees in agricultural engineering from the University of Florida. While at the University of Florida, he conducted research on using reduced irrigation rates to freeze protect commercial foliage crops. He is a registered professional engineer in Florida.


text:
Family Rubber Plantation (AFD pilot test)
The Cambodian rubber plantation industry knew about an important development before being ruined by the civil war during the last twenty years. A plan of raise was the object of profound discussions between the Cambodian authorities and the French cooperation, an agreement having intervened on its main objectives that are the privatization of the industrial rubber plantations tree, nationalized in 1979, and the development of the family rubber plantation, on which the sector of rubber.
Objectives, justification and means of the project
The pilot project, for three years, has the objective of testing, on 1500 ha of land, the most suitable solutions to the technical, institutional and financial plans, permitting a development of family rubber plantations on a large scale. At the end of the pilot phase, a decision was made to start a structural program on around 20 000 ha, with the involvement of the World Bank. The World Bank expressed its interest and participated, as observer, to the assessment of the pilot project.
This project essentially applies to small farmers cultivating less than 5 hectares but the system will be equally tested for individual plantations of bigger dimension.
Organization of the project
The development of the family rubber plantation should be confided to a national structure, of type society "mixed economy", associating the various partners of the project.
Considering the long delay of entry in production of the rubber tree, the project will facilitate the setting up of a long term credit whose conditions would be the following:
- Loan Period 20 years (maximum).
- Adversity period in first 10 years.
- The refund of the credit by the farmer will only begin the year 11th.
- Interest rate 7.00% per year.
- Allocated amount USD 1,000 for one hectare.
- Fight against poverty in the rural environment
- Protection of the environment by improving plants and
- Increasing the export of natural rubber to help national economy.


Church's congregation came from many ethnicities
Central Kona Union Church
Built in 1855 by the Rev. John D. Paris, Central Kona Union Church, or Popopiia, in Kealakekua is a fine example of the lava rock and mortar buildings erected by missionaries throughout Hawaii in the 19th century. The church served a Hawaiian congregation for many years. In the early 20th century, as the Hawaiian population dwindled, the church attracted a multiethnic congregation that reflected the new immigrant population moving to Kona.
The Rev. Albert S. Baker, Central Kona's minister from 1905 to 1919, noted the numbers in his journal, later recorded by his daughter, Ruth Loucks, in his biography: "At the start of 1813, Bert noted that the membership of Central Kona Church consisted of 15 Japanese, 12 Hawaiians, 12 Americans, 2 Chinese, 2 Portuguese, 1 German, 11 Hawaiian-American, 2 Hawaiian-Chinese, and 1 Hawaiian-Portuguese by birth. Bert was delighted with this diversity."
Like Paris before him, Baker arrived in Kona filled with missionary zeal and a builder's skill. Educated at Amherst, Harvard Medical School and Yale Divinity School, Baker soon discovered he was needed not only as a minister but also as a doctor, lawyer and marriage counselor. His mother, Ruth Baker, lived with him throughout his ministry and was the first woman licensed to preach by the Hawaiian Board.
Fast-growing Kona experienced a wide variety of problems that Baker tried to address through his church work and in civic clubs. Poor roads, lack of public sanitation, animal abuse, wife beating and drunkenness were just a few. He helped organize the Anti-Tuberculosis Society, served as vice president for Hawaii of the Territory Anti-Saloon League, and spearheaded the formation of the Kona Improvement Club in 1911. One of its first tasks was to fight the Mediterranean fruit fly, which was attacking Kona oranges. As chairman of the school committee, he asked for a change in Kona school vacations to permit students to pick coffee during the fall harvest. (This schedule started in 1932.)
Kona had leprosy as well. Baker tried to explain why it was necessary to isolate leprosy patients, but families hid their victims, knowing relatives with leprosy would be sent away to Molokai for the rest of their lives. In 1911, 17 lepers were taken from Kona, but, according to Baker's notes, there were still some left.
Copyright 1998 Kona Historical Society. Reprinted by permission.


text:
In the Southern Hemisphere are some of the most dynamic economies in the world.
Typical examples are Brazil, which has become in the recent years one of the 6 largest economies in the world overtaking the UK, and Australia, which is described as the new Switzerland in terms of quality of life and growing wealth.
But let's see what are the 10 largest urban economies in the Southern Hemisphere.
1. Sao Paulo, Brazil
GDP – 433.254 billion U.S. dollars
Sao Paulo, the largest metropolis in Brazil, is the city with the biggest economy in the Southern Hemisphere.
Many countries around the world, including countries in Europe, have smaller economies than this huge South American city.
Sao Paulo dictate the pulse of the Brazilian economy. It is among the most important financial and industrial centers in the world.
2. Buenos Aires, Argentina
GDP – 348 billion U.S. dollars
Buenos Aires is the second-largest urban economy in the Southern Hemisphere.
The capital of Argentina, called the Latin American Paris because of its beautiful architecture and rich culture, is a huge city, whose economy is dominated by the service sector.
Buenos Aires is surrounded by some of the most fertile farmland in the world, so the great importance of the food industry for the city is not surprising.
3. Sydney, Australia
GDP – 319.5 billion U.S. dollars
Apart from being considered one of the most beautiful cities in the world, Sydney is the third largest economic center in the Southern Hemisphere and the largest in Australia.
With approximately ¼ of the total population of the continent, the city is considered one of the most influential in the world.
4. Melbourne, Australia
GDP – 253.1 billion U.S. dollars
Melbourne has always been the greatest competitor of Sydney when it comes to wealth, power and economic importance.
Therefore it is not surprising that Melbourne occupies the fourth place, just one position behind Sydney.
The second largest Australian city is famous for one more thing – it always occupies some of the leading positions as one of the best cities to live in the world.
5. Jakarta, Indonesia
GDP – 224 billion U.S. dollars
The capital of Indonesia is a kind of reflection of the region of Southeast Asia. The city is famous for its colorful atmosphere and numerous cultural sights but also for its dynamic economy.
Very important place in the fifth largest city economy in the Southern Hemisphere takes the services sector. Jakarta is a famous shopping center of international importance.
6. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
GDP – 190.866 billion U.S. dollars
Rio de Janeiro is the second most important economic center in Brazil and the third largest in South America. The services sector is of great importance.
The city is the largest tourist center of Latin America, and it attracts millions of tourists from all around the world each year. Rio de Janeiro has one of the biggest ports in this part of the world.
7. Lima, Peru
GDP – 177.4 billion U.S. dollars
Lima is the seventh largest economic center in the Southern Hemisphere and the largest urban economy on the Pacific coast of South America. The city concentrates a large part of the industry of Peru and almost the entire financial strength of the country.
8. Santiago de Chile, Chile
GDP – 150.3 billion U.S. dollars
Santiago de Chile is the capital of Chile and the most important economic center in the country.
Practically, in South America there is no other similar case of a city that concentrate almost half of the economic strength of the country as it is here.
Santiago looks very modern and impressive, and the city skyline is dominated by high-rising office buildings.
9. Brisbane, Australia
GDP – 132.2 billion U.S. dollars
Four out of ten largest urban economies in the Southern Hemisphere are located in Australia. The ninth city in the list is Brisbane, which is located on the east coast of the country.
The economy of this gorgeous city in southeastern Queensland is largely dependent on the vast resources of minerals in the state.
10. Perth, Australia
GDP – 118.6 billion U.S. dollars
The city of glass, as they sometimes call Perth because of the numerous towers with mirrored facades in the downtown, is the tenth largest urban economy in the Southern Hemisphere.
Because of its proximity to Asia, the city is considered as the new Singapore, and many say it is the most promising, dynamic and fastest growing center in Australia.


think you know) it's not too hard to show that $\mathcal{T} \to Hom(\mathcal{S}, \mathbb{Z})$ and $\mathcal{S} \to Hom(\mathcal{T}, \mathbb{Z})$ are injections. This alone is enough to imply that the pairing is nondegenerate, hence becomes perfect after extending scalars to $\mathbb{Q}$.
So it suffices to show either that $\mathcal{T} \to Hom(\mathcal{S},\mathbb{Z})$ is surjective, or that $\mathcal{S} \to Hom(\mathcal{T},\mathbb{Z})$ is surjective (because the cokernels of these maps are finite groups of the same order, equal to the det of the matrix of the pairing with respect to $\mathbb{Z}$-bases of either side).
You seem to be trying to do the first, but the second is (I think) easier. Let $\phi \in Hom(\mathcal{T},\mathbb{Z})$ and consider the formal power series $f = \sum_{n \ge 1} \phi(T_n) q^n$. It's clear that $f \in \mathbb{Z}[[q]]$; but also that $f \in S_k(\Gamma, \mathbb{Q})$, so $f \in \mathcal{S}$. Clearly we have $(T_n, f) = a_n(f) = \phi(T_n)$ and thus we're done.
Now you can construct a "Miller-like" basis as follows. [EDIT: This doesn't actually work, see comments.] The $T_n$'s generate $\mathcal{T}$, so there is some finite subset which is a $\mathbb{Z}$-basis of $\mathcal{T}$; let these be $T_{n_1}, \dots, T_{n_d}$. Then there is a dual basis $f_1, \dots, f_d$ of $\mathcal{S}$ such that $(T_{n_i}, f_j) = \delta_{ij}$, and there are your Miller-like basis. (You can't necessarily take the $n_i$ to be $\{1, \dots, rk(\mathcal{S})\}$ though, as your example above shows.)
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Thank you for this nice answer... I have one comment on the last sentence though: take $n, m$ with $n \neq 1, m \neq 1$ and $(n,m)=1$ then $\mathbb{Z} = \mathbb{Z}n + \mathbb{Z}m$ but there is no subset of $\{n, m\}$ that is a basis for $\mathbb{Z}$, so... how precisely do you want to find these $T_{n_1},..., T_{n_d}$? – Fabian Werner Jan 24 '12 at 14:17
Maybe another comment: Isnt it true that Shimura also proves that there exists a basis $f_1,..., f_n$ of modular forms for $\Gamma(N)$ such that all the Fourier coefficients are integers? Furthermore, the Hecke algebra of $\Gamma(N)$ is commutative and looks quite similar to the one for $\Gamma_0(N)$, so i dont see a reason why the result should not hold for $\Gamma(N)$ as well... (?) – Fabian Werner Jan 24 '12 at 14:36
Yes, you are quite right; my argument does not, in fact, show that there is a finite subset of the $T_n$ that is a basis for $\mathcal{T}$. Sorry, dumb mistake. – David Loeffler Jan 24 '12 at 14:52
As for your second comment: everything I said for $\Gamma_0(N)$ goes over verbatim to any group $\Gamma$ intermediate between $\Gamma_0(N)$ and $\Gamma_1(N)$. Since we can conjugate $\Gamma(N)$ to a subgroup intermediate between $\Gamma_0(N^2)$ and $\Gamma_1(N^2)$, this covers the $\Gamma(N)$ case as well. But if you take some totally generic congrence subgroup $\Gamma$ of level $N$ it's not even clear how to define $T_p$ for $p$ dividing $N$; you can certainly take the double coset $\Gamma \begin{pmatrix} 1 0 0 p \Gamma$ but this might not do anything remotely nice on $q$-expansions. – David Loeffler Jan 24 '12 at 14:54
Sorry, that should say $\Gamma \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & p \end{pmatrix} \Gamma$, obviously. – David Loeffler Jan 24 '12 at 14:55
Your Answer


Language Centre Resources - Luganda
Ganda / Luganda
A Niger-Congo language and a member of the Bantu group of languages, spoken by c. 3.5 million people mainly in Buganda (south-east Uganda), between Lake Victoria and Lake Kyogo.
Ganda developed over centuries as a spoken language. It was not until after the second half of the 19th century that the language was first written down and appeared in print. The standard orthography of Ganda was introduced in 1947. The language is written in the Roman alphabet, consisting of 24 characters.
Tone in Ganda is of cardinal phonemic importance, which is probably a general characteristic of most present-day Bantu languages.
Sometimes the generic term Ganda is used to refer to the people, their language and customs.
CLASSIFICATION = Niger-Congo family SCRIPT = Roman
Luganda : basic course LUGAN CBEG 2
Yiga Oluganda = Learn Luganda LUGAN CBEG 1(CD-ROM)
The essentials of Luganda -- 4th ed LUGAN GRAM 1
A Luganda Grammar LUGAN GRAM 2(PACK)
Luganda-English : phrase book for tourists -- 4th ed. LUGAN VOCAB 1


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(Fodor assumes) nomologically co-extensive. According to Fodor, we cannot distinguish between selection for adaptive responses in the presence of one versus the other of two such properties. We can represent each distinctly but, according to Fodor, selection histories are not sufficiently fine-grained to distinguish such contents.
Consider the two options: either the causal powers of two co-extensional properties F and G are distinct or they are not distinct. Suppose first that they are not distinct. On some plausible and medium-grained theories of property individuation, properties are individuated by their causal powers, so if there is no difference in the causal powers of F and G, they are the same property on such a theory. On this way of individuating properties, a representation that refers to the one must refer to the other too and so there is no problem here for a theory of referential content. On this way of thinking, if there is no distinction between the causal powers of triangularity and trilaterality, any difference in the mental representations TRIANGULAR and TRILATERAL must be a difference of a different sort. It might be a difference in representational vehicle, or in other words, the two might be different predicates denoting the same property. They might, consistent with this, differ in their cognitive roles. Alternatively, modest theories can maintain that these two representations are semantically complex, in which case there might be a difference (even a referential difference) in the constituent concepts out of which TRIANGULAR and TRILATERAL are composed (e.g., one mentions angles and one does not).
Suppose, on the other hand, that F and G do have distinct causal powers. Most would agree that this is in fact the case if X is the property of being a creature with a kidney and Y is the property of being a creature with a heart. In that case, this version of the objection does not get off the ground. If the causal powers of the properties differ, they can play different roles in selection histories. Consider, for example, the proposal that the contents of sensory-perceptual representations are (so to speak) their Normal causes. A system can have a disposition to be caused by Fs to do M, without having a disposition to be caused by Gs to do M, if F and G have distinct causal powers even (if they are co-extensive). The system can be selected for the one disposition that it has but it cannot be selected for the disposition that it does not have.
Fodor's objection has evolved into a general objection to any adaptational explanation and to the very notion of selection for. It would take too much space to follow the trail further here. (See Fodor and Piatelli-Palmarini 2010 and see esp. Block and Kitcher 2010 and Sober 2011 (Other Internet Resources) for effective critical discussion).
We turn now to the second functional indeterminacy problem. It stems from the fact that organic systems are selected for complex causal roles, as indicated earlier. For example, a gene in an antelope might have been selected because it (i) altered the shape of hemoglobin, (ii) which increased oxygen uptake, (iii) which allowed the antelope to move to higher ground, (iv) which gave them access to richer pasture in summer, (v) and so improved their nutritional status, their immunity to disease, their vigor in avoiding predation, their attraction to mates and (vi) their chances of survival and reproduction (Neander, 1995). To determine the function of a trait, such as the altered shape of the hemoglobin, the etiological theory of functions tells us to ask, "what did past instances do that was adaptive and that caused traits of that type to be selected?". In this case, the answer is (ii) through (vi). The altered shape of the hemoglobin did all of this, and all of this was adaptive, and all of this contributed to the selection of the trait (i.e., it was selected for all of this). So all of this would seem to be the trait's function. Its function is the complex causal role for which it was selected.
The problem for content can be seen when we consider mechanisms that produce or consume representations. For instance, the frog's detection device was selected because it (a) responded to small, dark, moving things and (b) that helped the frog catch these things, and (c) that provided the frog with nutrients and (d) that contributed to the frog's chances of survival and reproduction in various ways. Thus ancestral detection devices contributed to the selection of that type of device by way of a complex causal route in which the visible configuration of the stimulus and the nutritional properties of the stimulus both play a role. Note that this does not depend on these features of the environment being co-extensional. Even if not all small, dark and moving things were nutritious and not all nutritious things were small, dark and moving in the frog's natural habitat, this problem of complex causal roles would still remain. The problem is that the systems responsible for the production and the consumption of representations were selected for complex causal roles in which a number of environmental features were involved.
Agar (1993) supports the idea that the frog's representation represents small, dark, moving food, a content intended to incorporate all of the properties causally responsible for the selection. Price (1998, 2001) claims that, contrary to what has just been said, there is a unique, correct function ascription for each trait and she elaborates a number of principles to isolate the unique, correct function ascription. Enc (2002) endorses Price's claim that function ascriptions must be determinate if any teleological theory of content is to succeed but raises problems for her attempt to show that function ascriptions are suitably determinate.
However, teleological theories of content do not merely gesture toward functions and leave it at that. Consider again the causal theory discussed in the preceding section. The content of the frog's sensory-perceptual representation is not indeterminate between the configuration of visible features and something nutritious on that theory, since the frog's visual system was not selected for producing the relevant sensory-perceptual representation in response to the nutritional value of the stimulus. A frog's visual system is not causally sensitive to the presence or absence of nutrients and could not have been selected for a causal sensitivity it did not have. The general point here is that teleological theories of content appeal to functions in certain ways and one must examine the particular theory to see if the theory isolates a sufficiently determinate content.
In responding to the indeterminacy problem, Millikan (1991) might be thought to rely on the fact that, on her theory, it is the proper function of the consumer and not that of the producer of the representation that determines its content. For instance, in discussing Dretske's magnetesome example she says that, "[t]he mechanisms THAT USE the magnetesome's offerings don't care at all whether the magnet points to magnetic north, geomagnetic north or, say, to the North Star. The only one of the conditions Dretske mentioned that is necessary FOR THE USER'S PROPER FUNCTIONING is that the magnet point in the direction of lesser oxygen" (Millikan (1991, 163) original emphasis). However, it seems (to this author) that Millikan's emphasis here does not put the emphasis in the right place for her theory. Recall that one consumer of the frog's perceptual representation is the motor control system which controls the frog's orienting toward the stimulus. We can describe its function as controlling the frog's orienting toward frog food, but we could also describe it as controlling the frog's orienting toward small, dark, moving things. A mere appeal to consumers would seem to shift the problem without solving it. However, it does not follow that Millikan's theory leaves content indeterminate. It is Millikan's appeal to Normal conditions that does more work in disambiguating the content for her.
Finally, some proponents of teleological theories do not think that content is determinate in the cases used to illustrate the alleged problem. Dennett (1995) maintains that such content indeterminacy is unproblematic. Papineau (1997) maintains that content is indeterminate in the case of a creatures that lacks a belief-desire psychological structure. Whether a creature lacks a belief-desire structure will in part depend on how we construe this requirement. It is not straightforward whether frogs lack a belief-desire psychological structure given that they have both informational and motivational states. Nonetheless, Papineau is probably right that the informational and motivational states are not so distinct as ours and he might also be right that content indeterminacy at this level is unproblematic. We will, however, need to resolve related content indeterminacy problems for human mental states.
Another objection that has been influential is the Swampman objection. Swampman-style examples have been around for some time. Boorse (1976) imagines a population of rabbits accidentally coalescing into existence as a counter-example to Wright's etiological theory of functions. Boorse's claim was that we could ascribe functions to the rabbits' parts even if the rabbits lacked any selection-history. Swampman in particular was raised by Davidson (1987) as a potential objection to his own historical (but not teleological) theory of content. When Swampman comes into existence he is a synchronic (at a time, but not extended over time) physical replica of Davidson at a certain point in time (t). Swampman's history differs radically from Davidson's because he comes into existence as a result of a purely accidental collision of elementary particles. Crucially, he does not


text:
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The new spiral groove mechanical seal is a kind of non-contact seals and which can achieve "zero leakage". In recent years, we take it to a wide range of applications in aviation, petrochemical and other fields. This paper uses professional fluid analysis software CFD to build detailed models to analyze performance of spiral groove mechanical seals. It has discussed the influence on the spiral groove mechanical seals performance by different seal structure parameters and working parameters in stable state and the results are compared with experimental data. The results show that no matter pressure difference exists or not, spiral groove can produce pumping effect. There is a great pressure gradient along the radial direction and obviously different pressure distribution between the groove area and the non-groove area. The spiral groove pumping effect not only increases as the shaft speed increases, but also increases as the medium viscosity increases. Compared to the outlet pressure, the effect of inlet on performance of seals is obvious. Carrying capacity of film liquid is inversely proportional to the change of film thickness. The influence of geometric parameters on sealing performance is significant, and sealing performance improvement relies on the optimization design of the geometric structure.


Meaning of toluene in English:
Pronunciation /ˈtɒljʊiːn/
Translate toluene into Spanish
mass nounChemistry
 - A colourless liquid hydrocarbon present in coal tar and petroleum and used as a solvent and in organic synthesis.
 Alternative name: methylbenzene; chemical formula: C₆H₅CH₃
 - 'The powdered bark can also be treated with solvents, such as toluene, or amyl alcohol to extract the quinine.'
 - 'Toxic chemicals such as benzene, toluene and methyl benzene were included in the list.'
Late 19th century from tolu+ -ene.


text:
Original publishing date: 2016
Publisher: Today's Geriatric Medicine.
Author: Jamie Santa Cruz, (Freelance writer based in Englewood, Colorado).
Institutions need to recognise and react appropriately to adequately address what their healthcare employees have expressed a clear need for. The healthcare system and its participants are under undue stress if this is not handled well.
"But while physicians theoretically recognize the value of end-of-life care conversations, there is a gap between their beliefs and their practice"
At present, institutions do have benefits for healthcare professionals engaging in end-of-life discussions with patients. However, these incentives are not working and clearly only incentives are inadequate. Physicians have expressed willingness towards learning how to have end-of-life conversations with their patients, however, institutions lack appropriate programmes to impart that knowledge.
"About two-thirds of physicians in the new survey said they have never received any training specifically on how to conduct such discussions."
Physicians are most aware of the medical condition of the patients and hence can carry out end of life conversations better than others. If institutions provide appropriate training, they can enable utilization of their potential.
Being able to have end of life discussions requires training more than incentives. The motivation among physicians to make their patients experience better care is directionless because of the lack of training, this needs to be changed. The article underlines several obstacles that prevent physicians from helping their patients approaching death, however, only bringing these issues forward is not enough.
To read the full article, click here: _URL_


How do I disable plot log in AutoCAD?
Within AutoCAD, go into Options by typing OPTIONS on the command line or clicking the Options button at the bottom of the application menu. Click the Plot and Publish tab, then the Plot Stamp Settings button, and then the Advanced button. Uncheck "Create a log file" and then click OK on all the windows.
How do I turn off the annotation monitor in AutoCAD?
To Turn off the Annotation Monitor
On the status bar, click the annotation monitor button Find. The annotation monitor button changes to.
How do I change plot settings in AutoCAD?
To Set Plot Options
 1. Click the layout tab for which you want to set plot options.
 2. Click Output tab Plot panel Page Setup Manager. …
 4. Click Modify.
 5. In the Page Setup dialog box, under Plot Options, select the required settings.
 6. Click OK.
29 мар. 2020 г.
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How do I turn off coordinates in AutoCAD?
Go to Solution. It's called 'dynamic input' and you can toggle it on/off using the F12 key or it's one of the icons on the lower right of your Autocad screen.
How do I turn off UCS in AutoCAD?
To Turn the Display of the UCS Icon On and Off
29 мар. 2020 г.
What is Reassociate in AutoCAD?
If this is not desired switch the Annotation Monitor off. A new feature in AutoCAD 2013 is the Annotation Monitor utility which notifies the user if dimensions become disassociated from its related geometry. It is controlled by the system variable, ANNOMONITOR which can be turned off by setting its value to (0).
How do I fix Reassociate in AutoCAD?
 1. Click Annotate tab Dimensions panel Reassociate. Find.
 2. Select one or more dimensions to associate or reassociate.
 3. Do one of the following: Specify the new location of the extension-line origin point. Enter s and select a geometric object to associate with the dimension. …
 4. Repeat the previous step as needed.
7 июл. 2014 г.
How do I find missing plot styles in AutoCAD?
Windows: in the Options dialog > Files tab > Printer Support File Path > Plot Style Table Search Path. The folder location is typically: C:UsersAppDataRoamingAutodeskAutoCAD enuPlottersPlot Styles.
What is AutoCAD plot style?
A plot style is an object property, similar to linetype and color. A plot style can be assigned to an object or a layer. A plot style controls an object's plotted properties, including. Color.
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How do I import plot styles?
 1. Click Application menu Print Manage Plot Styles. Find.
 2. Double-click the STB file you want to edit.
 3. In the Plot Style Table Editor, Form View tab, right-click the plot style that you want to copy. …
 4. Right-click a plot style. …
 5. In the Add Plot Style dialog box, enter the name of the plot style.
 6. Click Save & Close.
29 мар. 2020 г.
How do I unlock UCS in AutoCAD?
Enter ucsicon at the Command prompt, and enter ON or OFF. you can turn off the UCS icon in a single viewport or all viewports. Each layout also provides a UCS icon in paper space. Use UCS2DDISPLAYSETTING to hide the UCS icon when the current visual style is 2D Wireframe.
How do you show coordinates in AutoCAD?
To Display the Coordinates of a Point
 1. Click Home tab Utilities panel ID Point. Find.
30 мар. 2020 г.
How do I turn off origin in AutoCAD?
You can turn off UCS icon by typing UCSICON, enter, type OFF then enter again.
How do I hide WCS in AutoCAD?
You have two options for toggling the ViewCube AutoCAD on or off: Click View tab > Viewport Tools panel > View Cube. Enter the "NAVVCUBE" Command > Type "Off" and press Enter.
What is AutoCAD ViewCube?
The ViewCube is a navigation tool that is displayed when you are working in 2D model space or 3D visual style. With ViewCube, you can switch between standard and isometric views. The ViewCube is a persistent, clickable and draggable interface that you use to switch between standard and isometric views of your model.
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How do I set UCS in AutoCAD?
 1. Right-click the UCS icon, and click 3 Point.
 2. Specify a new origin point.
 3. Specify a point on the new positive X axis.
 4. Specify a point on the new XY plane.
30 мар. 2020 г.
House 3D


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. One who embraces and assists in spreading the teachings of another.
- n. An active adherent, as of a movement or philosophy.
- n. One of the original followers of Jesus.
- n. A member of the Disciples of Christ.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A learner; a scholar; one who receives or professes to receive instruction from another: as, the disciples of Plato.
- n. A follower; an adherent of the doctrines of another.
- n. A Baptist denomination of Christians founded in the United States by Thomas and Alexander Campbell, father and son (originally Irish Presbyterians), aud first organized by the latter as a separate body in western Virginia in 1827. The members of this denomination call themselves Disciples of Christ, and they are also known as Campbellites, or simply Christians, the last of which names is more distinctively appropriated by another denomination. (See Christian, 5.) Their original purpose was to find a basis upon which all Christians could unite, and hence they rejected all formulas or creeds but the Bible itself; but their belief is generally orthodox or evangelical, including the doctrine of the Trinity. In general, the only terms of admission to the denomination are the acceptance of the Bible as a sufficient and infallible rule of faith and practice, and adult baptism by immersion. In church government they are congregational. They have representatives in Great Britain and its colonial possessions, but exist in the greatest numbers in the western and southwestern portions of the United States.
- To teach; train; educate.
- To make a disciple or disciples of; convert to the doctrines or principles of another.
- To punish; discipline.
- n. A person who learns from another, especially one who then teaches others.
- n. An active follower or adherent of someone, or some philosophy etc.
- n. Ireland miserable-looking creature of a man
- v. obsolete To train, educate, teach.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. One who receives instruction from another; a scholar; a learner; especially, a follower who has learned to believe in the truth of the doctrine of his teacher; an adherent in doctrine
- v. obsolete To teach; to train.
- v. obsolete To punish; to discipline.
- v. rare To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or principles.
- n. someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another
- Old English discipul, from Latin discipulus ("a pupil, learner"), from discere ("to learn"); akin to docere ("to teach"). Later influenced or superceded in Middle English by Old French deciple. (Wiktionary)
- Middle English, from Old English discipul and from Old French desciple, both from Latin discipulus, pupil, from discere, to learn; see dekin Indo-European roots. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"As we seek to become disciples of Jesus Christ, we should never forget that the word disciple is directly related to the word discipline."
"To fulfill the meaning of the term disciple, then, spiritual seekers need realistic attitudes."
""By martyrdom," the Fathers of the Second Vatican Council explained, "a disciple is transformed into an image of his Master …" (Lumen Gentium, 42)."
"Because a Christian disciple is above all a Christ-bearer, there exists"
"The disciple is bound by a grave obligation toward Christ, his Master, ever more fully to understand the truth received from Him, faithfully to proclaim it, and vigorously to defend it, never-be it understood-having recourse to means that are incompatible with the spirit of the Gospel."
"He spoke of some of the new Frenchmen, and at great length of Pierre Lou�s, whom he described as a disciple:"
"Wearing leather and chains, Yoda helps his live-in disciple, a talking Chihuahua, "feel the force"
"Therefore, every Koran disciple is bound to be a potential killer or be killed by a Muslim who is in fact a killer."
"We were hanging with her before her talk all in a circle around her feet as she smoked a quick one on the concrete steps outside; the word disciple comes to mind and asked what she would be speaking about."
"There are of course masters of Zen, and the disciple is brought toward enlightenment by exchanging questions and answers with his master, and he studies the scriptures."
These user-created lists contain the word 'disciple'.
All words of the poem
by Gerard Nolst Trenité
Dearest creature in creation,
Study English pronunciation.
I will teach you in my verse <...
Words in the Bible evoking biblical stories or with special spiritual meaning. Proper names have been reduced to the minimum.
who is this god person, anyway? (--Douglas Adams)
Significant WordsGuiding you on your path to Snazzibility
All my favourite words that I come across!
Another news story about words being removed from a dictionary before their time. See also the list of words added to the dictionary.
Vocabulary building for my quest of GRE 2013
just the next words that come along
Looking for tweets for disciple.


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This paper provides an overview on the state of art of research on social entrepreneurship and the establishment of this topic in the academic world. It uses scientometric methods, especially bibliometrics, in measuring the maturity of social entrepreneurship research. The empirical part reveals the increasing number of literature, the institutionalization of social entrepreneurship in seven dimensions, the emergence of thematic clusters, and methodological issue. The paper makes concrete suggestions on how to overcome methodological challenges at the boarder of advanced qualitative and early quantitative research designs. Using Harzing's 'Publish or Perish' software this article furthermore provides a ranking of the 20 most cited academic contributions in social entrepreneurship. Surprisingly, almost half of the most cited papers have not been published in journals but in books, rising doubts on the current (over-)rating of journal publications.
Social entrepreneurship bibliometric study citations review organizational establishment academic institutionalization development of empirical measurement scales


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Festa di Parma
Organic, 28 Month Matured
In the traditional Parmesan heartland, the foothills of the Parma Apennines, lies the tiny hamlet of Rivalta (400m) where Umberto Avanzini, his wife Carolina and son Davide farm 120 cows and make just 3-4 wheels of Parmesan a day.
Unusually, the family keep Swiss Brown cows, a hardy mountain breed that produces less milk than the ubiquitous Friesian but of a much higher quality. Rich and sweet, it is ideal for cheese making.
In 2003, concerned about the use of pesticides in farming, genetic modification and animal welfare, they made their first wheels of organic, GM free Parmesan.
Among the 517 Parmesan producers, the Avanzini family make an exceptional cheese: despite the long ageing it is still soft and sweet and makes a delicious table cheese.


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|Home||Founder||What's New||In The News||Consulting|
Paradigm Shift Intervention Monitoring
This day two more people joined the
H1N1 influenza deaths in the state of Chihuahua. A man died in the
state capital after being hospitalized since March 15. Also this day a
young woman, died in an IMSS clinic in Juarez, she had symptoms since
22 March. According to the state Health Department confirmed the 12
deaths are six in Juarez, Chihuahua and five more in the town of
The above translation describes the mounting H1N1 death toll in Chihuahua, Mexico, as well as the clustered nature of the deaths. One cluster is in the north, in Juarez and undoubtedly linked to the initial fatalities in the traffic department, where two officers who were partners died and a third member of the department was in critical condition.
The first three HA sequences released represented a novel sub-clade and one of the three had D225N. Thus far 11 HA sequences have been released and 8 represent this Chihuahua sub-clade, including a sequence with D225N and D225G. thus, two of the eight HA sequences from the Chihuahua sub-clade have D225N in pharyngeal swabs collected from the upper respiratory tract.
Anecdotal data indicates that at least five additional HA sequences from Mexico have D225N in samples from severe and fatal cases signaling clustering of this polymorphisms, which is almost certainly present in the death cluster in Guadalupe y Calvo, located in southern Chihuahua.
CORRECTION: The second cluster is in the capital Chihuahua, and the title has bee changed to reflect this translation error.
This clustering in time and space of a novel sub-clade with D225N contradicts the CDC and WHO working hypothesis that D225G and D225N are "spontaneous mutations" that do not transmit. The WHO made this claim for D225G and the CDC noted a change in PB2, K340N, which was present in the sub-clade circulating in Ukraine and Russia in 2009. However, the Chihuahua sub-clade is distinct and the PB2 from from two of the five closely related Chihuahua sub-clade in the United States did not have K340N, casting further doubt on the WHO and CDC analysis and conclusions.
Release of the additional sequences with D225N would be useful.