text:
C - Expert 2 - Queries within collections
This section introduces the syntax used message locations when collection element is used in a validation rule
Message location supports added logic, which is especially great when dealing with collections; we are able to give the error message only for the cases where invalid XML content was found and correction has to be made.
Usage in short is: when collection is used, query will have to be a negation of the validation rule. In other words, if a validation rule limits the values of elements, we want to give the query for every element which does not fill the validation rule.
We shall be doing the following here:
The rule we made in the previous phase should look like this:
self.Unstructured->forAll(q | q.matches("Ustrd1") or q.matches("Ustrd2"))
The message location where we want to tell about the invalid content given in XML should be everything which does not fill the OCL rule above, i.e. the query should be a negation of the above.
There are three steps involved here:
- Replacing forAll() with select()
- include everything in right-hand-side with operation not()
- Replacing or with and
Reasons for these changes are:
- In a query, we do not want to limit the content anymore; it is already limited with an OCL rule. Instead, we want to find content. Therefore select() is the method we want to use
- not() is an OCL operation which returns the reverse of the content within it. if true is returned otherwise, false will be returned. And vice versa
- in a rule we want to use or as both of the values are valid to be used. In a query, we know that validation rule has been triggered and there is at least one occurrence within XML which does not pass the rule. We want to point to every case which does not fill the rule. Every case which does not return true will contain something other than "Ustrd1" and "Ustrd2" Therefore operand "and" fills the purpose and operand or would lead to incorrect behaviour.
Doing the above will give us a guery:
self.Unstructured->select(q | not(q.matches("Ustrd1") and q.matches("Ustrd2")))


text:
An assessment of gravel needs in Front Range Urban Corridor markets to 2000 A.D., based on forecast population increases and urbanization, indicates that adequate resources to meet anticipated needs are potentially available, if future land use does not preclude their extraction. Because of urban encroachment onto gravel-bearing lands, this basic construction material is in short supply nationally and in the Front Range Urban Corridor. Longer hauls, increased prices, and use of alternatives, especially crushed rock aggregate, have resulted. An analysis of possible sequential land uses following gravel mining indicates that a desirable use is for'real estate' ponds and small lakes.
A method for computing gravel reserves, based on planimeter measurement of area of resource-bearing lands and statistical analysis of reliability of thickness and size distribution data, was developed to compute reserves in individual markets. A discussion of the qualitative 'usability' of these reserves is then made for the individual markets.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Trans-Neptunian object 486958 or 2014 MU69 has had several designations and nicknames. According to Phys.org's NASA renames faraway ice world 'Arrokoth' after backlash
Ultima Thule, the farthest cosmic body ever visited by a spacecraft, has been officially renamed Arrokoth, or "sky" in the Native American Powhatan and Algonquian languages, following a significant backlash over the old name's Nazi connotations.
Wikipedia's 486958 Arrokoth says
When Arrokoth was first observed, it was labelled 1110113Y, nicknamed "11" for short. Its existence as a potential target of the New Horizons probe was announced by NASA in October 2014 and it was unofficially designated as "Potential Target 1", or PT1. Its official designation, 2014 MU69 (a provisional designation indicating that it was the 1745th object assigned one for the second half of June 2014), was assigned by the Minor Planet Center (MPC) in March 2015, after sufficient orbital information was gathered. After further observations refining its orbit, it was given the permanent minor planet number 486958 on 12 March 2017.
- Exactly how official is the new name Arrokoth? Is there further approval necessary or are 486958 and 2014 MU69 and Arrokoth recognized equally as official names?
- Are 486958 and 2014 MU69 and Arrokoth all likely to be used interchangeably in astronomical literature from now on, or will one designation emerge as the most commonly used name?

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Table of Contents
Set Timing On Sbc With Vacuum Advance
How To Set Timing On Sbc With Vacuum Advance? Many enthusiasts avoid discussing vacuum advancement like the plague. Most people condense its apparent aim into a single function—a method to enhance fuel economy.
While vacuum advance can somewhat enhance the economy, it is only one of several possible beneficial impacts that might arise from its capacity to improve overall engine efficiency.
And operating efficiency is something that almost any engine combination, whether mild street-driven or full-race, can benefit from.
Vacuum Testing Timing With Vacuum Advance
There are two methods for testing vacuum advances on cars equipped with distributors. Inductive pickup timing lights are preferred by mechanics.
Once the base timing is adjusted correctly, attach a hand-operated vacuum pump to the diaphragm, give it a few pumps, and then use the timing light to observe the timing mark on the crankshaft harmonic balancer progress on the timing scale.
The proper adjustment of a vacuum advance unit is important to ensure that a car engine performs at its best. The vacuum advance mechanism enables the distributor to adjust the spark timing to accommodate the engine's load and speed needs.
When the engine is under little load, the cylinders burn leaner, requiring the spark to be ignited earlier to get maximum power. This variable spark advance is provided by the vacuum advance unit, which increases fuel economy and throttle responsiveness across the engine's working range.
Steps To Set Timing On Sbc With Vacuum Advance
- Set the engine's mechanical timing. Unplug and reconnect the vacuum advance pipe at the distributor, then reconnect the hose. Attach the inductive pickup of the timing light to the No. 1 spark plug wire and the power lines to the car battery.
- Take the distributor hold-down bolt and loosen it. Start the engine and let it warm up to its regular operating temperature.
- Crank the distributor and use the timing lamp to set the timing to the vehicle's requirements. The timing requirements are usually shown on a sticker in the engine compartment of most automobiles. When all modifications is use, tighten the distributor bolt. Increase the engine speed to 2,000 rpm and have your helper check the balance on the harmonic balancer. Take note of the time option. Reconnect the vacuum advance pipe to the distributor after removing the vacuum advance hose connector.
- At the carburetor, disconnect the vacuum advance hose. Attach the long-hosed vacuum gauge to the vacuum advance port on the throttle. Check that the vacuum gauge hose does not interfere with any of the engine's functioning elements.
- Drive the car while your assistant or assistance records the greatest amount of suction displayed on the gauge when the engine is running at regular highway speeds.
- Stop the car in a safe location, engage the parking brake, and switch off the engine. Connect the inductive pickup of the timing light to the No. 1 spark plug wire and the power lines to the car battery.
More Steps To Set Timing On Sbc With Vacuum Advance
- Connect the vacuum pump to the distributor vacuum advance using a gauge. Start the engine and instruct your aide to crank it up to 2,000 rpm. Step 5: Increase the vacuum to the reading obtained during the driving test.
- Using the timing light, examine the timing mark on the harmonic balancer. Take note of the overall advance shown on the scale. Subtract the value reported in Step 3 from this reading. For example, if the temperature in Step 3 was 35 degrees and the temperature in Step 8 was 42 degrees, 42 minus 35 = 7.
- Remove the vacuum pump and put a 3/32 Allen wrench further into the vacuum advance port where the hose attaches. The vacuum advance has a tiny adjustable screw. Turn the bolt clockwise to reduce vacuum advance and counter clockwise to enhance vacuum advance. Steps 8 and 9 should be repeat until the immense change between the mechanical advance and vacuum advance readings is around 10 degrees. At regular highway operating circumstances, the vacuum advance is now set to 10 degrees.
For years, amateurs have struggled to determine how much vacuum advance is optimal for a customized engine. They are eager to alter their distributor's mechanical advance curve to get optimum full efficiency, but they frequently retain the existing vacuum advance canister in place.
And, once linked to a vacuum source, the extra spark advance can produce a rise in the idle speed of several hundred rpm, with carburetor modifications having no impact. Surging at part-throttle or when decelerating is another prevalent ailment, as is run-on during a shutdown.


A computer model of endo-epicardial electrical dissociation and transmural conduction during atrial fibrillation
Ali Gharaviri, Sander Verheule, Jens Eckstein, Mark Potse, Nico H. L. Kuijpers, Ulrich Schotten*
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
Abstract
Aims Structural alterations during atrial fibrillation (AF) not only lead to electrical dissociation within the epicardial layer, but also between the epicardial layer and the endocardial bundle network. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of transmural conduction in the stability of AF episodes using a dual-layer computer model. Methods and results A proof-of-principle dual-layer model was developed in which connections between the layers can be introduced or removed at any time during the simulation. Using an S1-S2 protocol, a spiral wave was initiated in one of the layers, which degenerated into a complex AF pattern after connection with the other layer at six randomly chosen sites. After 6 s, connections were either retained (dual-layer simulations) or removed (single-layer simulations). Dual-layer simulations were more complex, as indicated by the higher number of waves and phase singularities. Tracking waves through both layers revealed that the number of waves in dual-layer simulations was significantly higher than in the single-layer simulations, reflecting more opportunities for reentry and a concomitant increase in AF stability. In the dual-layer model, only 12 of the AF episodes died out within 6 s, while 59 died out in the single-layer model. Conclusion Atrial fibrillation patterns are more complex and AF episodes are more stable in a dual-layer model. This study indicates an important role for endo-epicardial conduction for the stabilization of AF.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)V10-V16
JournalEP Europace
Volume14
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Nov 2012
Keywords
 - Atrial fibrillation
 - Computer model
 - Electrical dissociation
 - Conduction
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Croatian and Khasi Alphabets
Add ⊕
1 Alphabets
1.1 Alphabets in
1.2 Alphabets
Tamil Alphabets
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Irish Alphabets
1.3 Phonology
1.3.1 How Many Vowels
Thai Alphabets
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Hebrew Alphabets
1.3.2 How Many Consonants
Hmong Alphabets
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Rank: 4 (Overall)
German Alphabets
1.4 Scripts
Bengali, Latin
1.5 Writing Direction
Left-To-Right, Horizontal
Not Available
1.6 Hard to Learn
1.6.1 Language Levels
Armenian Alphab..
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bengali Alphabets
1.6.2 Time Taken to Learn
Chinese Alphabe..
44 weeks
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cebuano Alphabets
Croatian vs Khasi Alphabets
Wondering about the number of letters in Croatian and Khasi alphabets? When you compare Croatian vs Khasi alphabets you will understand the number of alphabets in both the languages. Because lesser the number of alphabets, faster the language to learn, find all the Easiest Languages to Learn. Croatian and Khasi Alphabets are collection of symbols or letters used for writing. Croatian alphabets contain 30 letters and Khasi Alphabets contain 23 letters. The writing direction of Croatian is Left-To-Right, Horizontal whereas the writing direction of Khasi is Not Available. Croatian and Khasi Alphabets are the basics of Croatian and Khasi languages. Check the detailed comparison of Croatian and Khasi.
Croatian and Khasi Scripts
Compare Croatian and Khasi alphabets and find out scripts used by Croatian and Khasi language. Croatian and Khasi scripts are the methodology and rules for writing. Scripts used by Croatian and Khasi languages are Latin and Bengali, Latin respectively. After learning alphabets in Croatian and Khasi you can also learn useful Croatian greetings vs Khasi greetings.
Croatian Vowels vs Khasi Vowels
If you are comparing Croatian and Khasi alphabets then you need to find out Croatian vowels vs Khasi vowels too. The number of vowels and consonants in Croatian are 5 and 25 and number of vowels and consonants in Khasi are 6 and 14. Language codes are unique and are two or three letter codes assigned to each language. Check out all the language codes of Croatian and Khasi language codes.
Is Croatian Harder than Khasi?
Is Croatian harder than Khasi? No language is hard or easy to learn as it depends on individual interest and efforts for learning that language. When you decide to learn any language, you need to find out time required to learn that language and levels in that language. As mentioned above, while comparing Croatian and Khasi Alphabets the number of alphabets in any language decides hardness in learning that language.
It's important to know Croatian and Khasi alphabets because for learning these languages, alphabets are the starting point. The levels in Croatian language are 3. And time taken to learn Croatian language is 44 weeks. While there are no levels in Khasi language And time taken to learn Khasi language is Not Available.
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Write your own blockchain with just 200 lines of Go code!
Source: Internet
Author: User
Tags blockchain go development environment go language hash calculation
"You can implement your own blockchain with less than 200 lines of Go code!" Sounds interesting? What better way to learn than to develop a blockchain of your own? Then let's practice together!
Because we are a technology company in the health care field, we use the heartbeat data (BPM heart rate) of human calm as the sample data in this article. Let's first count the number of heartbeats in your minute, then write down, this number may be used in the following content.
Through this article, you will be able to:
Create your own blockchain
Understand how the hash function maintains the integrity of the blockchain
How to create and add new blocks
How multiple nodes compete to generate blocks
View the entire chain through the browser
All other basics about blockchain
However, it will not be covered in consensus algorithm articles such as Workload Proof Algorithm (PoW) and Proof of Equity Algorithm (PoS). At the same time, in order to make you more clear about the blockchain and the addition of blocks, we simplify the process of network interaction. The process of P2P networks such as "full-network broadcast" will be added in the next article.
let's start!
Setting
We assume that you already have a little experience in developing the Go language. After installing and configuring the Go development environment, we also need to get some of the following dependencies:
Go get _URL_-spew/spew
Spew can help us directly view the struct and slice data structures in the console.
Go get _URL_
Gorilla's mux package is very popular, we use it to write web handlers.
Go get github.com/joho/godotenv
Godotenv helps us read the .env configuration file in the project root so that we don't have to hardcode the configuration like http port into the code. For example like this:
ADDR=8080
Next, we create a main.go file. After that, most of our work is around this file, let me start coding!
Import dependency
We import all the dependencies in a declarative way:
Package main
Import (
 "crypto/sha256"
 "encoding/hex"
 "encoding/json"
 "io"
 "log"
 "net/http"
 "os"
 "time"
 "_URL_-spew/spew"
 "_URL_"
 "github.com/joho/godotenv"
)
Data model
Next we define a structure that represents the data model of each block that makes up the blockchain:
Type block struct {
 Index int
 Timestamp string
 BPM int
 Hash string
 PrevHash string
}
Index is the position of this block in the entire chain
Timestamp is obviously the timestamp when the block was generated.
Hash is the hash value generated by this block through the SHA256 algorithm.
PrevHash represents the SHA256 hash value of the previous block
BPM heart rate per minute, which is the heart rate. Remember the article at the beginning of the article?
Next, we define a structure to represent the entire chain. The simplest representation is a slice of a block:
Var Blockchain []Block
We use the hash algorithm (SHA256) to determine and maintain the correct order of the blocks and blocks in the chain, ensuring that the PrevHash value of each block is equal to the Hash value in the previous block, so that the chain is constructed in the correct block order:
Hashing and generating blocks
Why do we need to hash? There are two main reasons:
Uniquely identify the data on the premise of saving space. The hash is calculated from the data of the entire block. In our example, the data of the entire block is calculated into a fixed-length unforgeable string by SHA256.
Maintain the integrity of the chain. By storing the hash value of the previous block, we can ensure that each block is in the correct order in the chain. Any tampering with the data will change the hash value and destroy the chain. Take the medical and health field we are engaged in. For example, if a malicious third party modifies the unhealthy BPM value in one or several blocks in order to adjust the price of "life insurance", the whole chain becomes untrustworthy. It is.
We then write a function that computes the SHA256 hash value for the given data:
Func calculateHash(block Block) string {
 Record := string(block.Index) + block.Timestamp + string(block.BPM) + block.PrevHash
 h := sha256.New()
 h.Write([]byte(record))
 Hashed := h.Sum(nil)
 Return hex.EncodeToString(hashed)
}
The calculateHash function accepts a block that computes the SHA256 hash value from the Index, Timestamp, BPM, and PrevHash values in the block. Next we can carry a function that generates blocks:
Func generateBlock(oldBlock Block, BPM int) (Block, error) {
 Var newBlock Block
 t := time.Now()
 newBlock.Index = oldBlock.Index + 1
 newBlock.Timestamp = t.String()
 newBlock.BPM = BPM
 newBlock.PrevHash = oldBlock.Hash
 newBlock.Hash = calculateHash(newBlock)
 Return newBlock, nil
}
Where Index is incremented from the index of the given previous block, the timestamp is obtained directly by the time.Now() function, the Hash value is calculated by the previous calculateHash function, and PrevHash is given by the previous one. The hash value of the block.
Check block
After getting the block generation, we need to have a function to help us determine if a block has been tampered with. Check the Index to see if the block is incremented correctly. Check if the PrevHash matches the Hash of the previous block, and then check the Hash value of the current block by calculateHash. Through these steps we can write a check function:
Func isBlockValid(newBlock, oldBlock Block) bool {
 If oldBlock.Index+1 != newBlock.Index {
 Return false
 }
 If oldBlock.Hash != newBlock.PrevHash {
 Return false
 }
 If calculateHash(newBlock) != newBlock.Hash {
 Return false
 }
 Return true
}
In addition to the check block, we also have a problem: both nodes generate blocks and add them to their respective chains. Which one should we prevail? The details here are left to the next article. Let us first remember one principle: always choose the longest chain.
In general, a longer chain means that its data (state) is updated, so we need a function
Can help us switch the local expired chain to the latest chain:
Func replaceChain(newBlocks []Block) {
 If len(newBlocks) > len(Blockchain) {
 Blockchain = newBlocks
 }
}
At this point, we basically complete all the important functions. Next, we need a convenient and intuitive way to view our chain, including data and status. Viewing web pages through a browser may be the most appropriate way!
Web service
I guess you must be very familiar with traditional web services and development, so you will definitely see this part.
With the Gorilla/mux package, let's write a function to initialize our web service:
Func run() error {
 Mux := makeMuxRouter()
 httpAddr := os.Getenv("ADDR")
 log.Println("Listening on ", os.Getenv("ADDR"))
 s := &http.Server{
 Addr: ":" + httpAddr,
 Handler: mux,
 ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
 WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
 MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
 }
 If err := s.ListenAndServe(); err != nil {
 Return err
 }
 Return nil
}
The port number is obtained by the aforementioned .env, and then add some basic configuration parameters, the web service can already listen and serve!
Next we will define different endpoints and corresponding handlers. For example, for a GET request for "/" we can look at the entire chain, and a "/" POST request can create a block.
Func makeMuxRouter() http.Handler {
 muxRouter := mux.NewRouter()
 muxRouter.HandleFunc("/", handleGetBlockchain).Methods("GET")
 muxRouter.HandleFunc("/", handleWriteBlock).Methods("POST")
 Return muxRouter
}
Handler request handler:
Func handleGetBlockchain(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 Bytes, err := json.MarshalIndent(Blockchain, "", " ")
 If err != nil {
 http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusIntern


text: Lalilo is an online phonics and comprehension program that is totally free for parents and teachers during the Covid-19 school closures. Parents and teachers can track students progress. Each phonics, word recognition, and comprehension lesson is adaptive so students are always being challenged but not being frustrated. The site says that it is best for students from Kinder to second but it is also popular with special education teachers. This is an excellent resource that is now free!


A Quick Guide to Running X11 Apps on WSL2
In WSL1, all you had to do was install an X server and you could run X11 apps normally. But in WSL2, it gets a bit harder. It runs in a VM instead of being run as a compatibility layer.
Starting VcXsrv
First, start up VcXsrv (or whatever X server you use). Make sure to turn off access control to allow WSL to access it without being blocked, and make sure it runs on 0.0.0.0 to ensure that it's possible to access it outside of the current computer.
Setting environment variables
Since WSL is running in a VM, it can't directly connect to localhost; it has to connect to the IP address.
Here is a script (albeit lengthy) to set the $DISPLAY variable by grabbing the IP address by invoking powershell, cutting off the last character (a carriage return), and appending :0.0 to the IP:
export DISPLAY=$(/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowershell/v1.0/powershell.exe -Command '(Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | Where-Object {$_.AddressState -eq "Preferred" -and ($_.InterfaceAlias -eq "Wi-Fi" -or $_.InterfaceAlias -eq "Ethernet")}).IPAddress' | sed 's/.$//'):0.0
We also need to make sure that OpenGL tells the X server to draw graphics and doesn't try to directly access the hardware.
export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1
Here is a Github Gist containing a shell script that does this for you.
Running apps
There are no special instructions for running apps, just run them like you would in a regular Linux system.


text:
|File:Talwar Hindú SXVII.jpg|
18th-century talwar, with typical disc-hilt and knucklebow.
|Place of origin||India|
|Produced||Early types from ca. 1300, the classic form from ca. 1500 to present.|
|Blade type||Single-edged, curved bladed, pointed tip.|
|Hilt type||Unique Indian "Disc Hilt"|
|Scabbard/sheath||Leather or cloth covered wood & the same with metal mounts, all metal and leather covered metal.|
The talwar ( Hindi: तलवार; Urdu, Pashto, Sindhi: تلوار; Bengali:তলোয়ার; Punjabi: ਤਲਵਾਰ) is a type of curved sword or sabre from South Asia, and is found in the modern countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The word is also spelled talwaar and tulwar.
The talwar originated alongside other curved swords such as the Arab saif, the Persian shamshir, the Turkish kilij and the Afghan pulwar, all such swords being originally derived from earlier curved swords developed in Turkic Central Asia. The use of talwar became more widespread under the Mughals, who were of Turko-Mongol origins.
The blade profile of the British Pattern 1796 light cavalry sabre is similar to some examples of the talwar, particularly in the widening of the blade near the tip and the increasing curvature of the distal half of the blade, and expert opinion has suggested that the talwar may have contributed to the design of the British sabre.
Though strongly influenced by Middle Eastern swords, the typical talwar has a wider blade than the shamshir, and lacks the expanded yelman (false-edge) of the kilij. Late examples often had European-made blades, set into distinctive Indian-made hilts. The hilt of the typical talwar is termed a "disc hilt" from the prominent disc-shaped flange surrounding the pommel. The pommel often has a short spike projecting from its centre, sometimes pierced for a cord to secure the sword to the wrist. The hilt incorporates a simple cross-guard which frequently has a slender knucklebow attached. The hilt is usually entirely of iron, though brass and silver hilts are found, and is connected to the tang of the blade by a very powerful adhesive resin. More ornate examples of the talwar often show silver or gilt decoration in a form called koftigari.
The talwar was used by both cavalry and infantry. The grip of the talwar is cramped and the prominent disc of the pommel presses into the wrist if attempts are made to use it to cut like a conventional sabre. These features of the talwar hilt result in the hand having a very secure and rather inflexible hold on the weapon, enforcing the use of variations on the very effective "draw cut". The fact that the talwar does not have the kind of radical curve of the shamshir indicates that it could be used for thrusting as well as cutting purposes. Unlike some similar blades which have a very radical curve at the lower half of the blade - which make them very good slashing weapons but limit their use as a thrusting or cutting blades - the talwar can be used effectively for all three purposes either by mounted warrior or by foot soldier. The blades of some examples of the Talwar widen towards the tip. This increases the momentum of the distal portion of the blade when used to cut; when a blow was struck by a skilled warrior, limbs could be amputated and persons decapitated. The spike attached to the pommel could be used for striking the opponent in extreme close quarter circumstances when it was not always possible to use the blade. The talwar is held with fore finger wrapping around the lower cross guard.
The weapon is still used for talwar zani or matam e talwar, (Arabic: tatbir) Shiite Muslim self-flagellation, on 10th of Muharram, marking the martydom of Imam Hussain. Today, the word talwar has a literal meaning of "sword" or "dagger" in the majority of languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent.
- Nicolle, p. 175
- Robson, p.23
- Evangelista and Gaugler, p. 575
- Evangelista and Gaugler, p. 575
- Nolan, Louis. Cavalry: its History and Tactics (Bosworth 1853, Pallas Armata facsimile reprint 1995)
- Syed Zafar Haider, Islamic arms and armour of Muslim India, 1991
- Evangelista, N. and Gaugler, W.M. (1995) The encyclopedia of the sword. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-27896-2
- Nicolle, D. (2007) Crusader Warfare: Muslims, Mongols and the struggle against the Crusades. Hambledon Continuum. ISBN 1-84725-146-3, ISBN 978-1-84725-146-6
- Robson, B. (1975) Swords of the British Army, Arms and Armour Press.
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


text:
Quillaja (Quillaja saponaria)
1. Bioactive Components
Quillaja extract is rich in bioactive compounds that offer various agricultural benefits:
- Saponins: These are the primary bioactive components, known for their surfactant properties.
- Phenolic Compounds: Act as antioxidants, contributing to plant health and stress resistance.
- Triterpenoids and Flavonoids: Enhance plant growth and resilience against environmental stressors.
Phytohormones in Quillaja extract play a crucial role in plant growth and development:
- Gibberellins and Cytokinins: These hormones stimulate plant growth and cell division.
- Abscisic Acid: Involved in stress response, particularly in water stress conditions.
- The presence of these hormones can improve crop yield and vitality.
3. Saponin Content
Saponins are perhaps the most significant component in Quillaja extract:
- Pest Deterrent: Their bitter taste and toxicity deter pests.
- Soil Health: Saponins can improve soil quality by influencing microbial communities.
- Plant Defense Booster: They enhance the plant's natural defense mechanisms against pathogens.
4. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Quillaja extract is a valuable tool for IPM:
- Natural Pesticide: It's a safe and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides.
- Synergy with Other Agents: Can be combined with other biological control agents for more effective pest management.
- Resistance Management: Helps in managing pest resistance to conventional pesticides.
5. Forms of Quillaja Extract
Different processing methods yield distinct properties:
- Cold Pressed: Retains more bioactive compounds due to the absence of high temperatures during extraction.
- Dehydrated: Offers a longer shelf-life and concentrated form, making it easier for transportation and storage.
- Efficacy Variation: The concentration and efficacy of bioactive components vary between the two forms, impacting their agricultural applications.
Quillaja extract's diverse components and benefits make it a promising agent in sustainable agriculture. Its multifunctional properties, ranging from growth enhancement to pest management, position it as a valuable addition to modern agricultural practices. The choice between cold-pressed and dehydrated forms depends on specific agricultural needs and logistical considerations. As sustainable farming practices gain more emphasis, natural products like Quillaja extract are likely to become integral components of agricultural toolkits.


text:
Evaluation of National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System in Nigeria, Jan-Dec 2014
National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance (NISS) was established in Nigeria in 2006 to monitor influenza occurrence in humans in Nigeria and provide a foundation for detecting outbreaks of novel strains of influenza. The evaluation was conducted to assess the performance of the surveillance system from January to December 2014 and identify factors affecting the performance. The system was determined to be useful, flexible, acceptable, and simple. However, timeliness and stability need to be strengthened.


text:
Classification of Vegetation Communities of Maryland: First Iteration
A Subset of the International Classification of Ecological
AMORPHA FRUTICOSA TIDAL SHRUBLAND
Tall Indigobush Tidal Shrubland
Tall Indigobush Tidal Shrubland G?
Summary: This freshwater tidal shrubland occurs on tidal rivers bordering the Chesapeake Bay on sandy levees and shorelines above mean high tide. Microtopography is variable, from pronounced hummock-and-hollow to essentially flat. Soils are well-drained sands and gravel to poorly drained peat in lower-lying depressions. The shrub canopy is relatively open and characterized by Amorpha fruticosa. Other associates may include Acer rubrum, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Decodon verticillata, Ilex verticillata, and Rosa palustris. The herbaceous layer is diverse and comprised of a mixture of Osmunda regalis, Hibiscus moscheutos, Thelypteris palustris, Boehmeria cylindrica, Leersia oryzoides, Peltandra virginica, Polygonum sagittatum, Sium suave, and Typha angustifolia.
Range: This vegetation occurs central Atlantic coast at the headwaters of the Chesapeake Bay.
TNC Ecoregions: 58:C
USFS Ecoregions: 232Ad:CCC
References: Harrison 2003
Authors: J. Harrison / L. Sneddon Confidence: 3 Identifier: CEGL006844
- Maryland Vegetation Classification Subset Report III. Shrubland
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text:
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Dokdok is a scarecrow who can talk and move. His friends are Nouras the sea gull, Gharab the crow, and Abou Fasada the bird. This story is about the importance of knowledge and learning. Dokdok is alone in the field and makes sounds that echo. We learn that the moon comes out at night, followed by the sun in the morning which moves in the sky. They take a look at the city, the zoo, and the field. Dokdok hears a loud voice saying "Vou Vou Va" and the sound scares him. Each of his friends keep on guessing what this sound is and they are all frightened except for the sun and the moon. The friends keep saying it is a ghost and are so frightened until a farmer explains it to them. It is the sound of the wind over the well.
RITSEC - Egypt
High National Committee for "Reading for All Program" - Egypt
Link to This Book


In line with the Queensland Government's COVID-19 restrictions, Queensland Museum (Brisbane), The Workshops Rail Museum (Ipswich) and Hendra Loans Facility is temporarily closed to the public and due to reopen 9.30am Monday 9 August. Learn more and view refund info.
Anzac Legacy Gallery
Explore the Exhibition
How could an event on the other side of the world have had such a strong and lasting impact on us all?
The Anzac Legacy Gallery tells the fascinating story of the First World War in Queensland; the people and the things they held close – objects of war and warfare, and personal items belonging to those on the front line.
Nearly 58,000 Queenslanders enlisted, and more than ten times as many civilians supported their war efforts back home. As time has gone by, the ripples of the war have subsided, but the stories remain
Uncover the stories, objects and journeys that trace how the First World War changed the face of Queensland and continues to shape our lives, a century later.
Mephisto like you've never seen it before
In late 1917 the German Army produced 20 A7V Sturmpanzerwagen's which were deployed in combat the following year. Crewed with 18 men, the cumbersome war machines clambered into action in April 1918. The German tanks were engaged in actions at such places as Villers-Bretonneux, a small French village that was recaptured by Australian soldiers at the cost of 1,200 lives. The A7V's were involved in the first tank versus tank action.
Named Mephisto by its crew, this 30-tonne tank was part of an advance towards the French town of Amiens, resulting in the capture of VillersBretonneux and the temporary retreat of Allied forces. During the battle, Mephisto became stuck in a shell crater and was abandoned by its crew. It remained on the battlefield for months before troops of the 26th Battalion AIF, composed mainly of Queenslanders, regained lost ground and retrieved it, dragging the tank behind Australian lines under cover of darkness.
It was sent to Australia as a war trophy, arriving at Norman Wharf in June 1919 where it was towed by two Brisbane City Council steamrollers to the Queensland Museum, then located in Fortitude Valley. It remains the sole surviving A7V tank in the world.
Eventually Mephisto was shipped to Brisbane and preserved at Queensland Museum.
See inside Mephisto
Explore the hidden details of Mephisto. Take a virtual trip inside the tank or get up close and personal with inscriptions, a bird's eye view and bullet damage though interactive displays. Delve into the history and technology of the German A7V Sturmpanzerwagen Mephisto and explore the tank's combat history and understand how it operated.
Learn more about Mephisto
Combat history
Moving Mephisto
Share your memory of Mephisto
Mephisto Fact Sheet
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Anzac Correspondent App
Step back in time to experience WWI through the eyes of an A war correspondent. Augmented reality makes history come alive as you collect photographs and stories from Australians across battlefields in Egypt, Turkey and France. It's history, captured by you. Read more.
Event Details
Great Gallery


text:
The Premier's Award for Agri-Food Innovation Excellence program recognizes outstanding agriculture and agri-food related innovators including producers, processors, and agri-food organizations.
The objectives of the Premier's Award for Agri-Food Innovation Excellence Program are to:
- Recognize and encourage innovators in the agri-food sector
- Foster farm-level innovation
- Raise awareness about the importance of agri-food innovation and its impact on the Ontario economy
Examples of innovation areas include but are not limited to:
- improved business practices
- response to consumer demands (e.g. new production and processing methods, product development)
- response to expanding consumer tastes (e.g. locally-grown and produced world foods) collaborations (strategic alliances, cross-sector partnerships)
- environmental stewardship
- energy and bio-economy
- health and safety
- food safety and traceability
- education and marketing of the agriculture and food industry to society
Submit your application by 11:59 p.m. on May 25, 2018 to be eligible for a chance to receive one of the following awards:
- Premier's Award – one, $75,000 award
- Minister's Award – one, $50,000 award
- Leaders in Innovation Award – three, $25,000 awards
- Provincial award – 45 – $5,000 awards
To read about the more than 575 innovation projects that have been recognized since the program started in 2006 visit Agri-Food Innovation. These include innovations that have:
- Modified equipment to enhance production
- Responded to consumer demands by developing a new product
- Implemented new technology to increase efficiencies
For more information, contact:
Premier's Award Program Analyst
In 2016, many areas of the province saw very warm and dry conditions, and many wells were still dry leading into the winter. In other years, like the start to the 2017 growing season, the province experienced periods of excessive rain, leading to saturated soils and flooding. Both situations create many challenges for livestock and poultry farmers.
No one can control the weather, but we can plan for it. The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) encourages you to plan for future weather – conserving water and using it efficiently can help during low water conditions, and having effective drainage systems in place can help with saturated soil and runoff.
Things to consider for low water conditions:
- Plan ahead: Know how much water your animals need and try to predict how long it would take for your water sources to run dry. Have a contingency plan ready that you can carry out in case your water sources have maxed out. Use the Ontario Soil and Crop Improvement Association's Emergency Plan low water worksheet to help you with the contingency plan.
- Include a list of alternative water sources in your contingency plan. This can include water haulers and well drillers. Keep in mind that these sources may be unavailable at the height of low water conditions, so you'll need to plan ahead.
- Think about installing water-metering equipment to get accurate measurements of water use.
- Apply for a Permit to Take Water through the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (special rules and circumstances apply).
- Monitor heat stress in your livestock and poultry and have management solutions on-hand when heat stress runs high, but water levels run low.
- Look at your feed inventory now. If stocks are low for this time of year, consider looking for additional or alternative feed for fall and winter. It's not too early!
Things to consider for excessive water conditions:
- Look at your feed supply, as excessive rain can affect planting and harvesting times.
- Make sure you have enough straw or other bedding materials.
- Examine your property, your buildings and hard surfaces (like loading areas and parking lots) for flood risk areas. Install eavestroughs to redirect water away from your buildings and create a drainage plan. Plan the steps you'll need to take to move livestock, feed and equipment in the event of a flood.
- Create a plan to manage barnyard/feedlot runoff. Determine if you have enough liquid manure storage capacity to store extra material from wet barnyards, and have a plan ready if you don't (such as using a neighbour's storage). Also consider what you'll do to avoid manure storage overflow from rain and flood water.
- Have a plan ready in the event that manure spreading is delayed due to rain and your storages are full.
- Think about your electricity generators – are they adequate for your farm's needs in case of a power outage?
- Pre-plan alternate routes to avoid travelling on flooded roads, considering services both into and out of the farm (such as milk trucks and feed trucks).
OMAFRA is working with other provincial ministries, conservation authorities and other partners to develop ways to help you manage water. There are existing resources that can help you, too:
Ontario has business risk management programs in place to help you when factors beyond your control affect your operation. Contact Agricorp for more information about these programs.
Visit OMAFRA's Adverse Weather, Low Water, Irrigation and Drainage web pages for resources to help you prepare for various weather conditions.
Do you have questions about contingency planning? Contact OMAFRA's Agricultural Information Contact Centre at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
Give your company a competitive edge – take free eLearning courses to learn more about industry best practices and to be more competitive in the marketplace! Continue reading
The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs is rolling out a total of 21 new soil health publications. These publications provide best management practices to help you preserve and conserve soil while improving soil health and crop production. Check out these five new titles on our Soil Health in Ontario web page: Continue reading
Jennifer Jarvis, Stakeholder Communications and Marketing Advisor We're excited to let you know about the latest updates that we made to the Agricultural Information Atlas (AIA). What is the AIA? It's the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs' (OMAFRA) free, easy-to-use online tool that can help you to:
via Did you hear? We've made great improvements to the Agricultural Information Atlas! — ONfruit
Did you know?
Faulty electrical systems cause approximately 40 per cent of barn fires with a determined cause, making it one of the leading known causes of barn fires. Continue reading
Municipalities are responsible for developing their own by-laws. Your municipality may have passed by-laws that determine if you can remove a tree from your land or woodlot. These by-laws may include conditions that affect how you carry out the work, including the need for a qualified professional and/or a […]
via Call Before You Cut — ONfruit (read more here)
There's a right time for everything.
Every year, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) receives calls about winter spreading. Long, cold winters that come after a wet fall and/or late harvest tend to make winter spreading more common. However, spreading on frozen or snow covered ground, on saturated soil or before major rain events is not a good practice, even if storages are full. Continue reading
Windbreaks are a great way to reduce soil erosion and increase crop growth on your farm.
- They reduce wind speeds, which can increase growth of crops for a distance of up to 20 times the height of the trees.
- The taller the trees and the longer the windbreak, the greater the area the windbreak will protect: wind speeds can be reduced upwind for a distance up to five times the height of the trees, and downwind for a distance of up to fifteen times the height of the trees.
- Combine a windbreak with other conservation best practices, such as conservation tillage, crop residue management and cover crops, and you'll obtain optimal wind erosion control.
Disposing of non-nutrient agricultural waste responsibly needs to be a year-round effort.
Burning and burying non-nutrient agricultural waste can pollute the air, contaminate water and can have other potential harmful impacts on the environment, which can harm people and livestock. Consider recycling or reusing your waste instead – recycling and reuse not only lowers your dump costs, it can also help you keep your property waste-free, and protects your soil and local drinking water supplies. Continue reading


Analyzing an Exported Apigee API Proxy
30 minutes
 - 2 Learning Objectives
About this Hands-on Lab
Before deploying your API proxy to production, you need to make sure that it is thoroughly reviewed and tested. Static code analysis is an important procedure you can run that helps to ensure your code is consistent and clean. This process is known as _linting_, and Apigee API proxies can take advantage of an open-source tool called apigeelint. In this hands-on lab, we'll take the preliminary steps necessary to run apigeelint, exporting our API proxy using the Apigee Edge Management APIs. Then, we'll install apigeelint and use it to validate our code, displaying the results in a table format.
Learning Objectives
Successfully complete this lab by achieving the following learning objectives:
Export the API Proxy
 1. On the Apigee dashboard page, click API Proxies.
 2. Click the link for the proxy you want to analyze.
 3. Review the name and revision number.
 4. In your browser, navigate to
 5. In the Apigee Management APIs navigation menu, select API Proxies > Export API Proxy.
 6. Scroll down the page to the Resource URL section.
 7. Complete the Resource URL by filling in the following elements:
 - Your organization name
 - Your API proxy name
 - Your proxy's revision number
 8. In the HTTP Basic box, click Set…
 9. In the Set Authentication dialog, enter your Apigee email and password.
 10. Click Save.
 11. Click Send this request.
 12. Select the cURL tab.
 13. Copy the generated cURL command to your clipboard.
 14. In your terminal, paste the copied cURL command, and add the following:
 -o ~/downloads/
Install and Run apigeelint
 1. Change to your Downloads directory.
 cd ~/downloads
 2. Verify that the file is in the Downloads directory.
 3. Install apigeelint.
 sudo npm install -g apigeelint
 4. Enter your password at the prompt.
 5. Unzip the downloaded proxy.
 6. Run apigeelint on the proxy folder.
 apigeelint -s apiproxy/ -f table.js
 7. Review the results.
Additional Resources
Your API proxy is nearly ready for production, and it's time for you to double-check your work. You decide to use apigeelint to programmatically review your proxy code.
You'll need to complete the following steps to accomplish your task:
 1. Export the API proxy.
 2. Install apigeelint.
 3. Run apigeelint on the exported API proxy.
Please note: There are several prerequisites for this hands-on lab:
 1. You must have an Apigee account.
 2. You must have completed the following hands-on labs: Creating an Apigee API Proxy and Testing an API Proxy.
What are Hands-on Labs
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text:
Proposal for Improving the Performance of Longitudinal Acceleration of a Land Vehicle
The present study introduces a proposal to improve the longitudinal performance of a land vehicle through the adoption of an unusual traction control system. The system is capable of improving the transfer of engine power to the ground and reduces the complexity of the task being performed by the driver. High-performance vehicles are able to achieve high levels of longitudinal acceleration and, sometimes, the power excess leads to the spinoff of the drive wheels, which decrease the ability of the tires to generate force, and consequently the vehicle acceleration. The proposed system acts in addition with the motor control, through the derivation of the motor speed signal, and its control by comparison with a predefined value. The control can delay or even suppress the ignition of the engine. Thus, the rate at which the engine gains speed, and consequently, the rate at which the vehicle accelerates, is limited.


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Elon Musk, tech billionaire and SpaceX CEO, has agreed that the future economy of Mars may be based on cryptocurrency.
While replying to a Twitter thread initiated by AI researcher Lex Fridman, Elon Musk agreed that the "Mars economy will run on crypto". By 2024, Elon Musk, who is also one of the co-founders of PayPal, plans to send the first humans to Mars.
Mars economy will run on crypto.
— Lex Fridman (@lexfridman) December 24, 2020
The aim of sending humans to Mars is to set up a "self-sustaining city on Mars as soon as possible". Concerning the cryptocurrency that will run on Mars, Elon Musk suggested that it would either be Dogecoin or Marscoin. The Marscoin cryptocurrency is "dedicated to supporting the colonization of Mars and other space-related projects intended to get humans living and thriving off of planet earth."
In another bit of Mars-related content, Elon Musk agrees with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak that humans need to bring dogs to Mars with them as a new culture is created.
The Marscoin Project
Founded in 2014, the Marscoin project split 800,000 coins between The Mars Society and MarsOne, through the help of its volunteers. The Mars Society is the most influential and largest space advocacy organization in the world in regards to the planet Mars. It seeks to improve human settlement and exploration of Mars.
MarsOne, likewise, hopes to bring about a lasting human settlement on the Red Planet. It plans on enabling people to explore, settle, and create a second home for the human race on Mars.
In late 2017, Marscoin experienced a short-lived popularity surge during the market bull run on cryptocurrency. Since then, it has become obscure. According to CoinMarketCap, the altcoin has a market cap that is less than $100,000 currently.
Possibility of Dogecoin as the Preferred Cryptocurrency
Some are suggesting Dogecoin to be a more likely cryptocurrency to be used by humans on Mars. Unlike Marscoin, Dogecoin has continued in its popularity. Based on decentralization, Dogecoin shares so many features as Bitcoin. Last week, Elon Musk changed his Twitter bio to "Former CEO of Dogecoin" and went ahead to tweet, "One word: Doge." This led to a price surge of more than a third on the coin.
One word: Doge
— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) December 20, 2020
The tech billionaire has always declared his ambition to travel to Mars during his lifetime. In early 2020, the Spacex founder urged his employees to improve the development of the future Starship rocket. In early December 2020, there was a 12.5km flight test of the Starship prototype. The overall plan for this spaceship is to build a fleet of 1,000 of them. Each of these ships is expected to carry up to a hundred people to other planets.
Last year, the Binance crypto exchange listed Dogecoin. The exchange also supported open trade for five DOGE trading pairs – DOGE/BNB, DOGE/BTC, DOGE/USDT, DOGE/PAX, and DOGE/USDC. The announcement was a big push to the coin's price, giving a spike up of 22.6% about 24 hours after.
At the time of publication, Dogecoin (DOGE) is trading at $0.01172778, which represents a massive 66% surge over the last 24 hours. DOGE has a market cap of $1,549,486,455 and a 24-hour trading volume of $3,427,486,964.
For more cryptocurrency news, visit the Altcoin Buzz YouTube channel.


Distance Between Fargo, ND and Leavenworth, KS
How many miles? 587 Miles / 945 Km
How many times? 8 hours 24 mins
Distance, Gas Consumption and Emission Notes
Distance from Fargo, ND to Leavenworth, KS is 587Miles or 945 Km. You can get this distance about 8 hours 24 mins. If you want to planning travel with plane for 532 Miles or 856 Km, You can get this distance about 1 hours 38 mins.
A car with an average MPG will needs 27.18 gallons of gas to get the route between these points.
The estimated cost of gas to get between Fargo, ND and Leavenworth, KS is $61.7.
During the route, an average car will release 532.51 pounds of CO2 to the atmosphere. Your carbon footprint is 0.91 pounds of CO2 per mile.
* Average US MPG used for calculations is 21.6 MPG.
* Coordinates of Fargo, ND is 46._PHONE_, -96.78980339999998 and coordinates of Leavenworth, KS is 39._PHONE_, -94.92246369999998


Health and Medicine
Diseases, Disorders, and Other Health Problems
What are the essential nutrients?
Synesthesia, or cross perception, is a condition in which a person perceives stimuli not only with the sense for which it is intended, but with others as well. For example, a synesthete may see musical notes as color hues or feel flavors as different textures on the skin. Experiments have determined that the linking of the senses occurs because of some unique physical condition in the brains of these people. For example, blood flow to some parts of the brain, normally increased by sensory stimuli, decreases in synesthetes.
There are six essential nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals. Energy nutrients are those that provide the body with the majority of the energy needed for daily metabolic reactions. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are energy nutrients.


text: Due to the intrinsic complexity of remote sensing images and the lack of prior knowledge, clustering for remote sensing images has always been one of the most challenging tasks in remote sensing image processing. Recently, clustering methods for remote sensing images have often been transformed into multiobjective optimization problems, making them more suitable for complex remote sensing image clustering. However, the performance of the multiobjective clustering methods is often influenced by their optimization capability. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive multiobjective memetic fuzzy clustering algorithm (AFCMOMA) for remote sensing imagery. In AFCMOMA, a multiobjective memetic clustering framework is devised to optimize the two objective functions, i.e., Jm and the Xie-Beni (XB) index. One challenging task for memetic algorithms is how to balance the local and global search capabilities. In AFCMOMA, an adaptive strategy is used, which can adaptively achieve a balance between them, based on the statistical characteristic of the objective function values. In addition, in the multiobjective memetic framework, in order to acquire more individuals with high quality, a new population update strategy is devised, in which the updated population is composed of individuals generated in both the local and global searches. Finally, to evaluate the proposed AFCMOMA algorithm, experiments using three remote sensing images were conducted, which confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


text:
Travel precautions issued for New Year's Eve
If you are traveling anytime Thursday evening through Sunday you can count on some type of messy weather which could make driving difficult in some areas and nearly impossible in others.
With the uncertainty surrounding the timing and types of precipitation expected over the long holiday weekend, the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency recommends that everyone take extra precautions if they must travel beginning on New Year's Eve.
Beginning Thursday evening, it is recommended that those traveling to evening holiday festivities take public transportation and continue to monitor the weather through the media.
The current forecast calls for light snow, possibly mixing with rain, to start Thursday afternoon and continue overnight. Snow and rain will continue on New Year's Day and change back to all snow Friday night. The storm could then stall and intensify off the coast Saturday, sending waves of heavy snow and strong winds into the whole state. The storm and snow may not stop until sometime Sunday.
MEMA offers the following safety tips for travel during this time of year:
- You should always travel with at least a half-tank of fuel in your vehicle.
- Avoid driving during the height of the storm, if possible, allowing those treating and plowing the roads to safely do their jobs.
- If you must be on the road, leave plenty of time for your trip, drive slowly, and allow extra room between yourself and others on the road.
- Even when the snowfall subsides, blowing snow can continue to make visibility difficult.
- As with every New Year's Eve, regardless of the driving conditions, drive defensively and take extra precautions if you must be on the road.
For additional information about MEMA and Winter Preparedness, go to _URL_
The MetroWest Daily News


text:
This paper is the result of the hydrogeological survey engineering.
[Objective] As the second largest tributary of the Yellow River, Fenhe River is the largest river in Shanxi Province. However, there is contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources in the basin. The analysis of water resources utilization and ecoenvironment problem is precondition of ecological remediation.
[Methods]Based on the analysis of water resources characteristics of the Fenhe River Basin and its utilization, this paper systematically summarizes the ecological and environmental problems of the Fenhe River watershed, such as attenuation of runoff, drying up of karst spring and deterioration in water quality.
[Results]Our result shows that the average amount of water resources in the Fenhe River Basin for multi-year average is 3.359 billion m3, groundwater resources are the main component of the total water resources, which is accounting for 72%. The structure of water supply of water resources has changed greatly due to the impact of comprehensive treatment measures in the Fen River Basin since 2005, such as cross-basin water transfer and groundwater pressure extraction. The water supply ratio of surface water has increased from 30% to 55%, and the water supply ratio of groundwater has been reduced from 62% to 37%. Overall, the utilization of water resources in the Fenhe River Basin is as high as 80%. Excessive exploitation of water resources has caused serious eco-environmental problems such as the cut-off of Fen River, the significant decline in the runoff of the Fen River into the Yellow River and the decline of karst spring flow. The percentage of runoff for Fenhe River enter the Yellow River has attenuated by 63.5% from 1955 to 2018. The main reasons for the attenuation are the decrease in precipitation and the flow attenuation of the karst spring. The total flow of the 8 large karst springs in the Fenhe River Basin has decreased by 69% from 1956 to 2018, and 50% of the large karst springs had dried up in different periods; The water quality of karst springs has been deteriorating seriously, for example, the TSD and SO42- of Jinci Spring and Longzici Spring have been increasing year by year. Coal mining is the main reason for the rapid increase of SO42- in karst springs.
[Conclusions]Although the inter-basin water transfer project construction has improve some of the eco-environment in the Fenhe River, such as the recovery of Fenhe River to perennial river, and the stopped falling of groundwater level in the basin, and the improvement of the quality of surface water environment, there is serious unbalance between supply and demand for water resources in Fenhe River Basin, finally the trend of deterioration of the ecological environment is still severe.
Highlights: The characteristics of water resources and the change of water supply structure in Fen River basin in recent are analyzed in the past 15 years; The eco-environment problem of Fenhe River is summarized and their causes are discussed.
申豪勇,李佳,王志恒,谢浩,梁永平,Yongxin XU,韩双宝,任建会,潘尧云,赵春红,赵一. 黄河支流汾河流域水资源开发利用现状及生态环境问题[J]. 中国地质, 2022, 49(4): _PHONE_.
SHEN Haoyong, LI Jia, WANG Zhiheng, XIE Hao, LIANG Yongping, Yongxin XU, HAN Shuangbao, REN Jianhui, PAN Yaoyun, ZHAO Chunhong, ZHAO Yi. Water resources utilization and eco-environment problem of Fenhe River, branch of Yellow river[J]. Geology in China, 2022, 49(4): _PHONE_(in Chinese with English abstract).


Abstract
Well-developed desert pavements are present above eolian deposits that mantle flows of the Cima volcanic field, located in the Mojave Desert, California. Soil-stratigraphic data and geochemical data demonstrate that eolian and pedogenic processes play major roles in the evolution of these pavements. Eolian dust (1) accelerates mechanical fragmentation of flow rock, providing the source material for pavements, and (2) accumulates slowly below basaltic colluvium in flow depressions, eventually promoting development of cumulate soils below the evolving stone pavement. An increase in dust flux during the Holocene has raised ancient Pleistocene pavements as much as 20 cm above the former land surface. The results of our studies demonstrate for the first time that most desert pavements do not form by deflation, by overland flow, or by upward migration of stones through a slowly formed, clayey argillic horizon. Desert pavements are born and maintained at the surface.
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text:
- This article concerns the European writer and politician; for others see Benjamin Constant (disambiguation).
Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (October 25, 1767–December 8, 1830) was a Swiss-born thinker, writer and French politician.
Constant was born in Lausanne, Switzerland, to descendants of Huguenots. He was educated by private tutors and at the University of Erlangen, Bavaria, and the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. In the course of his life, he spent many years in France, Switzerland, Germany, and Great Britain.
He was intimate with Anne Louise Germaine de Staël and their intellectual collaboration made them one of the most important intellectual pairs of their time. He was active in French politics as a publicist and politician during the latter half of the French Revolution and between 1815 and 1830. During part of this latter period, he sat in the French National Assembly. He was one of its most eloquent orators and a leader of the left-liberal opposition known as the Indepentants.
A liberal author, more in the Anglo-Saxon than the Francophone tradition, he looked to England rather than to ancient Rome for a practical model of freedom in a large, commercial society. He drew a distinction between the "Liberty of the Ancients" and the "Liberty of the Moderns". The Liberty of the Ancients was a participatory, republican liberty, which gave the citizens the right to directly influence politics through debates and votes in the public assembly. In order to support this degree of participation, citizenship was a burdensome moral obligation requiring a considerable investment of time and energy. Generally, this required a sub-society of slaves to do much of the productive work, leaving the citizens free to deliberate on public affairs. Ancient Liberty was also limited to relatively small and homogenous societies, in which the people could be conveniently gathered together in one place to transact public affairs.
The Liberty of the Moderns, in contrast, was based on the possession of civil liberties, the rule of law, and freedom from too much state interference. Direct participation would be limited: a necessary consequence of the size of modern states, and also the inevitable result of having created a commercial society in which there are no slaves but almost everybody must earn a living through work. Instead, the voters would elect representatives, who would deliberate in Parliament on behalf of the people and would save citizens from the necessity of daily political involvement.
Moreover, Constant believed that in the modern world commerce was superior to war. He attacked Napoleon's martial appetite on the grounds that it was illiberal and no longer suited to modern commercial social organization. Ancient Liberty tended to be warlike, whereas a state organized on the principles of Modern Liberty would be at peace with all peaceful nations.
The distinction between Ancient Liberty and Modern Liberty is significant in a number of ways. Firstly, France had tried to replicate Ancient Liberty during the Revolution, basing its institutions (such as the French Consulate and the Tribunate) on Roman Republican models. This had badly backfired, resulting in the personal rule of Napoleon. Constant believed that if liberty was to be salvaged from the aftermath of the Revolution, then chimerical Ancient Liberty had to be abandoned in favour of practical and achievable Modern Liberty. England, since the Glorious Revolution of 1688, had demonstrated the practicality of Modern Liberty and England was a constitutional monarchy. Constant concluded that constitutional monarchy was better suited than republicanism to maintaining Modern Liberty. He was instrumental in drafting the "Acte Additional" of 1815, which transformed Napoleon's restored rule into a modern constitutional monarchy. This was only to last for "One Hundred Days" before Napoleon was defeated, but Constant's work nevertheless provided a means of reconciling monarchy with liberty. Indeed, the French Constitution (or Charter) of 1830 could be seen as a practical implementation of many of Constant's ideas: a hereditary monarchy existing alongside an elected Chamber of Deputies and a senatorial Chamber of Peers, with the executive power vested in responsible ministers. Thus, although often ignored in France because of his Anglo-Saxon sympathies, Constant made a profound (albeit indirect) contribution to French constitutional traditions.
Secondly, Constant developed a new theory of constitutional monarchy, in which royal power was intended to be a neutral power, protecting, balancing and restraining the excesses of the other, active powers (the executive, legislature, and judiciary). This was an advance on the prevailing theory in the English-speaking world, which - following the conventional wisdom of William Blackstone, the 18th century English jurist, had reckoned the King to be head of the executive branch. In Constant's scheme, the executive power was entrusted to a Council of Ministers (or Cabinet) who, although appointed by the King, were ultimately responsible to Parliament. In making this clear theoretical distinction between the powers of the King (as head of state) and the ministers (as Executive) Constant was responding to the political reality which had been apparent in Britain for more than a century: that the ministers, and not the King, are responsible - and therefore that the King "reigns but does not rule". This was important for the development of parliamentary government in France and elsewhere. It should be noted, however, that the King was not to be a powerless cipher in Constant's scheme: he would have many powers, including the power to make judicial appointments, to dissolve the Chamber and call new elections, to appoint the peers, and to dismiss ministers - but he would not be able to govern, make policy, or direct the administration, since that would be the task of the responsible ministers.
As an aside, this theory was literally applied in Portugal (1822) and Brazil (1824), where the King/Emperor was explicitly given "Moderating Powers" rather than executive power. Elsewhere (for example, the 1848 "Statuto" of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which later became the basis of the Italian constitution from 1861) the executive power was notionally vested in the King, but was exercisable only by the responsible ministers.
Constant's other concerns included a "new type of federalism" - a serious attempt to decentralise French government through the devolution of powers to elected municipal councils. This proposal reached fruition in 1831, when elected municipal councils (albeit on a narrow franchise) were created.
The importance of Constant's writings on the liberty of the ancients has dominated understanding of his work. Constant was, however, no proponent of radical libertarianism. His wider literary and cultural writings (most importantly the novella Adolphe and his extensive histories of religion) emphasised the importance of self-sacrifice and warmth of the human emotions as a basis for social living. Thus, while he pleaded for individual liberty as vital for individual moral development and appropriate for modernity, he felt that egoism and self-interest were insufficient as part of a true definition of individual liberty. Emotional authenticity and fellow-feeling were critical. In this, his moral and religious thought was strongly influenced by the moral writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and German thinkers, such as Immanuel Kant, whom he read in preparing his religious history.
- De l'esprit de conquête et l'usurpation (On the spirit of conquest and on usurpation) (1815), an important pamphlet against Napoleon
- Adolphe, a novel
- De la religion (_PHONE_), a five-volume history of ancient religion.
- A.Pitt "The Religion of the Moderns: Freedom and Authenticity in Constant's De la Religion", History of Political Thought, xxi, 1, 2000, 67-87
- "Principles of Politics Applicable to all Representative Governments", Constant: Political Writings (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought) - Biancamaria Fontana (Trans & Ed.) Cambridge, 1988
- Contributions to liberal theory
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What is the Kaleidoscope Project?
Interviews and conversations with experts on sustainability, design and innovation, reflecting theory and generating actions between a diverse range of disciplines including design [product, fashion, graphic, web, architects and interiors], science, art, activists, business, psychology and academia.
The 5 Kaleidoscope Videos, split into four different values; Balance, Meaning, Innovation and Culture. During each interview we asked how each value is seen and practised today and how they should be practiced in order to move towards a better future. The last video focuses on the tools and skills that we need to get to that better future, acting as a call to arms for designers and professionals about the need for rethink the way we practice our disciplines.
This short film is the final film, Tools & Skills.
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musician/scholar Ben Nelson, banjoist/ gourd musical instrument expert/builder Paul Sedgwick, and others, there is growing global awareness of the akonting and its siblings in the large diverse family of West African folk/artisan lutes, which have been hitherto overlooked. These instruments are just now beginning to get the international recognition and attention they deserve as living ancestors of the banjo. Many museums around the world have updated their collections to include the akonting and other members of the West African folk/artisan lute family, while banjo historians and ethnomusicologists have begun to broaden the range of their focus to include these instruments.
External links[edit]
See also[edit]


and behavior.
 Conclusion
 pgTAP database unit tests provide numerous benefits, including ensuring code quality and simplifying the testing process. This guide should serve as a starting point for setting up pgTAP, and we encourage you to explore the pgTAP documentation and read the aforementioned blog post on automated database testing with pgTAP for more in-depth information on writing and running tests with pgTAP. By integrating pgTAP in projects like EpiTrax, it's possible to improve overall database performance, stability, and security.
 postgres sql database testing casepointer epitrax
 Comments


adv
Ancient Mean Curvature Flows and their Spacetime Tracks. (arXiv:1901.05481v1 [math.DG])
来源于:arXiv
We study properly immersed ancient solutions of the codimension one mean curvature flow in $n$-dimensional Euclidean space, and classify the convex hulls of the subsets of space reached by any such flow. In particular, it follows that any compact convex ancient mean curvature flow can only have a slab, a halfspace or all of space as the closure of its set of reach. The proof proceeds via a bi-halfspace theorem (also known as a wedge theorem) for ancient solutions derived from a parabolic Omori-Yau maximum principle for ancient mean curvature flows. 查看全文>>


'%i for i in range(2,deg+1)]
data2 = pd.concat([data2, pd.DataFrame(power_matrix,columns=cols)],axis=1)
print data2
eg3_new_3
Thus the powers have been successfully added.

Example 6: Filtering column names
Personally, I have faced this issue numerous times of selecting a subset of columns in a dataframe for the purpose of setting as predictors in a predictive model. Let's consider a situation where the total columns are:
cols = ['a','b','c','d','a_transform','b_transform','c_transform','d_power2','d_power3','d_power4','d_power5','temp1','temp2']
These can be understood as:
 1. a,b,c,d: originals columns as in raw data
 2. a_transform,b_transform,c_transform: features made after applying certain transformations like taking log, square root, combining categories, etc.
 3. d_power2,d_power3,d_power4,d_power5: different powers of the same variable for polynomial or ridge regression
 4. temp1, temp2: intermediate variables created for performing certain calculations
Depending on the analysis being performed or the model being used, there might be different use cases:
 1. Select only transformed variables
 2. Select different powers of same variable
 3. Select combination of above 2
 4. Select all except temporary variables
These can be done using following code.
col_set1 = [x for x in cols if x.endswith('transform')]
col_set2 = [x for x in cols if 'power' in x]
col_set3 = [x for x in cols if (x.endswith('transform')) | ('power' in x)]
col_set4 = [x for x in cols if x not in ['temp1','temp2']]
print 'Set1: ', col_set1
print 'Set2: ', col_set2
print 'Set3: ', col_set3
print 'Set4: ', col_set4
eg4_new

End Notes
This brings me to an end of this tutorial. Here we took a deep dive into List Comprehension in Python. We learned about time advantage of LC, comparison of LC with map and FOR loop, generator expressions and explored some advanced applications.
If you have reached this point, I believe that now you would be able to appreciate the importance of LC. You should try to incorporate this technique in daily practice. Though it might be a bit time consuming in beginning, but trust me you are going to enjoy it as you proceed further.
Did you find this article helpful ? Did I miss something ? Do you have some more interesting applications where you think LC will be useful? Please share your comments and I will be more than happy to discuss.
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10 Comments
 - Jason Hollis says:
 Here are a couple of typos i found in the code examples:
 1. skills_unq.update( (sport for l in data['skills_list') for sport in l) ) is missing ']' after 'skills_list'
 2. data = pd.concat([data, pd.DataFrame(t,columns=skills_unq)],axis=1) needs the 't' replaced with 'sport_matrix'
 - Aarshay Jain says:
 Hello Jason,
 Thanks for pointing this out. I have made the required changes.
 I'm glad you took out the time to run the codes. Thanks again! Hope you found the article useful.
 Cheers,
 Aarshay
 - Jeff Weakley says:
 Analytics Vidhya is really one of the most useful, practical newsletters/blogs I get. I really appreciate this article, and the ongoing string of great info you guys put out. Much thanks.
 - Meethu Mathew says:
 This blog is very helpful and very easy to understand.
 skills_unq.update( (sport for l in data['skills_list']) for sport in l) )
 Could you plz explain this bit more ?
 - Aarshay Jain says:
 Hi Meethu,
 Thanks for reaching out.
 Let me rephrase the problem first. The aim is to find the unique skills from a column in which 'each entry is a list of skills'
 Actually the code should be- skills_unq.update( (sport for l in data['skills_list'] for sport in l) )
 Different parts of code:
 'update': function used to add the values of a set into another. Note that since sets can contain only unique values, the duplicates will be automatically rejected.
 'for l in data['skills_list']' – this will iterate through each cell in the column 'skills_list' of the data frame 'data'. Note that this is not enough because it would return a list.
 'for sport in l': this extracts each element of the list
 All this is returned one by one to the update command so that no storage is required.
 Hope this makes sense.
 Cheers,
 Aarshay
 - Nandan Padar Chandrashekar says:
 Thank You ! Really helpful tutorial
 - Sagar Talekar says:
 Hi Aarshay,
 Hope you are well.
 In much easier way you have elaborated LC for beginners. Hope to read more on this topic.
 Suggest, if you have written python related other article similar to this.
 - Aarshay Jain says:
 Hi Sagar,
 Thanks for reaching out. I am sorry I don't have a detailed article on LC. I actually thought this one was too detailed 😛
 Practically, I use LC a lot and I never needed anything more than what's mentioned here. Actually this articles covers much more than what I use. I would say you would rarely need anything more while working in data science domain. I'm not sure about core computer science, but its good for data science.
 Cheers!
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Motivation#
Retries are essential for making distributed systems resilient. Transient errors are unavoidable and can happen for the wildest reasons – sometimes, one never finds out.
Dangers of Retries#
However, retries are also very dangerous if done naïvely. Simply repeating an operation until it succeeds can lead to cascading failures and thundering herds and ultimately take down your whole system, just because a database had a brief hiccup.
So:
 1. You must wait between your retries: this is called a backoff.
 2. You can't retry simultaneously with all your clients, so you must introduce randomness into your backoff: a jitter.
 3. You must not retry forever. Sometimes, a remote service is down indefinitely, and you must deal with it.
But how long should you back off? The failure could be a network hiccup, so 100ms? Maybe an application was just being deployed, so let's do 1 second? But what if it's a database that's overloaded? Then maybe 10 seconds? And so forth.
The answer is: You do all of those. You start with a small backoff and increase it exponentially, adding a random jitter.
stamina#
That's what stamina does by default: It starts with 100 milliseconds and increases exponentially by 2 until it reaches 5 seconds where it stays until 45 seconds or 10 attempts have passed. A jitter between 0 and 1 second is added at every step until it reaches the maximum of 5 seconds.
Or, more formally:
\[min(5.0, 0.1 * 2.0^{attempt - 1} + random(0, 1.0))\]
That means that, by default, the first backoff is no longer than 1.1 seconds, and the last is no longer than 5 seconds. Note that no jitter is added once the maximum timeout is reached; there should be enough variance in the backoff due to the jitter added underway.
You can tune all these parameters to your liking, but the defaults are a good starting point.
I hope you're now all motivated and ready to jump into our Tutorial!
Supplemental Literature#


the probability that we would get 9 or more heads (out of 15).
histogram(~heads, data=game.trials, v=9, groups = (heads >= 9))
Remember that this histogram is a visual representation of the distribution of the 1000 trials of flipping 15 coins. By using the groups = (heads >= 9) argument, we can see the blue group (less than 9 heads) and the pink group (9 or more heads).
4.5 Functions - sampling
4.5.1 Simple Random Sampling
Let's say you are doing an experiment and you want to use simple random sampling to select your subjects. We can use the 'sample()' function as follows:
# Generate 25 random numbers between 1 and 100:
sample(1:99, 25, replace = FALSE)
## [1] 48 41 47 15 9 38 50 31 18 55 78 84 44 73 90 45 95 35 80 3 94 23 89
## [24] 46 11
Note that we use the 'replace=FALSE' argument to ensure that we don't pick the same subject twice.
4.5.2 Randomizing subjects into treatment groups.
To randomize subjects into treatment groups, we can also use the 'sample()' function, but with replacement ('replace=TRUE').
# Randomize 25 patients into two groups - Control (0) and Treatment (1)
sample(0:1, 25, replace = TRUE)
## [1] 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
4.5.3 Random sample and treatment groups
Let's put both of the above things together into one algorighm. Let's say that we have a sampling frame of 100 subjects and we want to pick 12 subjects, with exactly 3 subjects in each of 4 treatment groups. We use the 'set.seed()' function to ensure reproducibility - that is, so we always get the same sample from the following code.
samplesize <- 12
framesize <- 100
numgroups <- 4
set.seed(201)
# Let's set up the groups to be the same size
subjects <- samplesize / numgroups
groups <- c(rep("A",subjects), rep("B", subjects), rep("C", subjects), rep("D", subjects))
(mysample <- data.table(house = sample(1:framesize, samplesize, rep = FALSE),
 group = sample(groups, samplesize, rep = FALSE)))
## house group
## 1: 62 C
## 2: 17 B
## 3: 36 D
## 4: 4 B
## 5: 61 A
## 6: 14 A
## 7: 5 B
## 8: 35 A
## 9: 10 D
## 10: 27 C
## 11: 43 C
## 12: 96 D
We can use the 'tally()' and 'arrange()' commands to check that our sample is correct.
tally(~group, data=mysample)
## group
## A B C D
## 3 3 3 3
arrange(mysample, group, house)
## house group
## 1 14 A
## 2 35 A
## 3 61 A
## 4 4 B
## 5 5 B
## 6 17 B
## 7 27 C
## 8 43 C
## 9 62 C
## 10 10 D
## 11 36 D
## 12 96 D


text:
Lesson: Two-Way Frequency Tables Mathematics • 8th Grade
In this lesson, we will learn how to construct and use two-way tables.
Which of the following is not true about two-way tables?
Daniel wrote 20 letters and had no mistakes. Mason wrote 28 letters and had no mistakes. If a letter is selected at random, what is the probability that the letter has a mistake and was written by Daniel?
The following table represents the data collected from 200 conference attendees of different nationalities:
Find the probability that a randomly selected participant is an Arabic-speaking woman.


text:
|Neo –Fungicil |
Each 100 g contains:
Chlorphenesin 1.0 g
Benzoic acid 6.0 g
Zinc oxide 20.0 g
Neo - Fungicil powder is an antimycotic agent intended for the topical
treatment of fungal infections of skin, it contains :-
Chlorphenesin which has antifungal and antibacterial properties.
Benzoic acid is added to potentiate the action of chlorphenesin.
Zinc oxide has soothing and protective effects when applied to inflamed skin.
Neo – Fungicil possesses a deodorant effect to relieve the disagreeable odour due to mycotic infections.
Indications and usage :
In the treatment of mycotic skin infections :
- Tinea pedis (Athletes foot), Tinea cruris, Tinea versicolor,
- Tinea circinata and prickly heat (Sweat rash).
Side effects :
Hypersensitivity reactions and nonimmunological contact dermatitis can
Drug interactions :
The activity of benzoic acid is diminished by non ionic surfactants or due to absorption by kaolin. and it is relatively inactive at pH above 5.
Warning and precautions :
Avoid contact with eye ; if this happens, rinse thoroughly with water.
If irritation occurs or if there is no improvement following the full
treatment period, discontinue use and consult a doctor.
Do not use for infection of scalp.
Dosage and administration :
Two or three applications per day on the area affected with the fungus,and rubbing lightly. Treatment should be continued, if possible for several weeks, after disappearance of the lesions.
Plastic container of 50 or 100 g.
Store at temperature not exceeded 30 o C.


text:
What's happening in my country
This page contains specific information about the planning and implementation of smart villages in Sweden. The information aims to orient people on policy planning, key contacts and resources on smart villages. However, it neither aims to be fully comprehensive, nor necessarily reflects the official government or European Commission position.
Explore how smart villages are being implemented in Sweden.
Key CAP contact(s) :
Support for Smart Villages under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
- The preparation of the CAP Strategic Plan and its future interventions is in progress.
- Smart villages will only be included as a possible thematic focus within LEADER, depending on the extent to which the local LEADER strategies are including the concept in their measures. Thus, LEADER will have a supporting role to develop local projects that function as concrete, small-scale smart village initiatives/plans, adjusted to the lo-cal village or community context. In the applications to be approved as LEADER areas, many of the Local Development Plans have special measures for smart villages or are mentioning support to Smart Rural Areas as an objective.
- Broadband and commercial services will not continue to be supported under the CAP. These will be supported through national funding instead.
Key NRN contact(s) :
Activities of the National Rural Network (NRN) on smart villages
- The Swedish NRN runs a thematic working group on 'smart villages' and one thematic working group on 'innovation in rural areas'. They both consist of representatives of national organisations, authorities and associations.
- The working group on 'smart villages' has developed a work plan with activities on financing and advice for smart initiatives, methods for local transition/development plan and translation of materials from the European Network for Rural Development (ENRD) Contact Point, as well as webinars to inspire cooperation between local, regional and national levels.
- The working group on 'innovation in rural areas' has developed a work plan with activities to define and describe methods to guide and promote innovators and innovations, describe innovation infrastructures in rural areas, collect and publish information on good examples and create meeting places and opportunities to exchange experiences of innovations and innovation processes in rural areas.
- The Swedish NRN has had representatives at the ENRD thematic group on smart villages and its meetings.
- As for the future, the Swedish Board of Agriculture suggested that the NRN should play a distinct role within the national coordination of the 'smart villages' concept.
Support provided through other national/ regional policies & initiatives
The 'smart villages' concept is not included as a specific measure or objective in other Euro-pean structural and investment funds, nor national funding programmes. Nevertheless, it will be possible to fund activities and projects that contribute to the development of a smart village through several of these funds, such as the ERDF, the national funds for commercial services and for broadband.


text:
What is an Eye Pillow?
Gain sense of Peace and Relaxation
An Eye Pillow is a wonderful tool that can be used to help a person alleviate daily stress and allow them gain a sense of peace and relaxation. An Eye pillow is typically a small bag filled with flax seeds, beads or gel beads that is placed over your eyes when you lie on your back.
How does it work?
The Eye Pillow works firstly by shielding the eyes from light and then secondly by applying either warmth or cool to the forehead and eyes relieving facial muscle tension. Eye pillows are often also scented with aromatic herbs to help clear sinuses and stimulate the immune system.
Eye pillows need to be comfortable to wear for long periods without discomfort. Better quality eye pillow coverings are made from natural fabrics; such as soft cottons or luxurious silk blends so as not to cause irritation.
Reduce Stress and Relax
Eye Pillows help people to overcome stress and tension in their lives; they are great for a whole range of ailments. People can gain relief from headaches to head colds. Seasonal allergy sufferers often find an eye pillow and invaluable tool.
Styles and Designs
Eye Pillows come in a range of styles, designs and fabrics. Some are beautiful shapes and colors, such as the Monarch Butterfly Dreams Eye Pillow which is made from hand-painted silk. The type of filling and blend of aromatic herbs may differ as well in order to create different sensations or remedies for the wearer.
Traditionally flax seed is used to weight the mask and provide an even pressure to the wearer. Lavender and Chamomile are known for their calming properties and are often used as the herbs of choice.
Dream Essentials offers some wonderful Eye Pillows. Let us help you choose an eye pillow that is right for you.


text:
In this Guide:
On this page:
- Revision Post-1912-current
- Signature Requirements for Petitions - Initiated Constitutional Amendment vs. Initiated Statute
On other pages in this guide:
- Table of Proposed Constitutional Amendments 1857-current
- 1912 Constitutional Revision
- Pre-1912 Revision
- Statistical Tables of amendments proposed and adopted
- Constitutional Revision Commission _PHONE_
- Ohio Constitutional Modernization Commission 2011-2021
Photo on Flickr. Woman collecting petition signatures in Ohio.
Constitutional Revision in Ohio
Ways to Amend the Ohio Constitution:
Currently, outside of a constitutional convention, there are two basic ways to amend the Ohio Constitution:
- Initiative Petition by Person(s), Ohio Constitution: Article II, Section 1a, Article II, Section 1g; ORC Ch. 3519 and
- Initiative by the General Assembly.Ohio Constitution, proposed by 60% of both houses of the legislature.
Before 1912, the Initiative Petition originated by a person did not exist.
See Procedures for Statewide Ballot Issues on the Ohio Secretary of State's page.
In the 1970s, the legislature created a Constitutional Revision Commission in order to recommend constitutional amendments to the legislature. HB 188, establishes a new Constitutional Modernization Commission, which would make recommendations to the General Assembly as to Constitutional revision. The new commission expires in 2021.
For annual information on constitutional revision in all states, see Council of State Governments, Book of the States.
Sampson, Sara A., "Researching Initiatives and Referenda, A Guide for Ohio", Legal Reference Services Quarterly,,Vol. 26, Issue 3/4 (2007). Full text available from InformaWorld
Women's Sufferage was a ballot issue in 1914. (Photo: Library of Congress)
Currently Before Ohio Voters
Revision Post-1912 to Current
In a nutshell, a person desiring to amend the Ohio Constitution first presents their initiative petition to the Ohio Attorney General. Once the Ohio Attorney General certifies it, the Ohio Ballot Board must certify it contains only one amendment. The petitioner then gathers signatures and the Ohio Secretary of State determines whether the signatures are sufficient to have the iniative petition put on the ballot. The amendment must be approved by a majority of Ohio voters.
Signature Requirements for Petitions - Initiated Constitutional Amendment v. Initiated Statute
Signature Requirements for Petitions
|Initiated Constitutional Amendment||Initiated Statute|
|Initial Filing||1,000 signatures||1,000 signatures|
(10%) of the total vote cast for the office of governor at the last gubernatorial election. Ohio Constitution: Article II, Section 1a
signatures from at least 44 of the 88 counties in Ohio. From each of these 44 counties, there must be signatures equal to at least five percent (5%) of the total vote cast for the office of governor in that county at the last gubernatorial election. Article II, Section 1g
(3%) of the total vote cast for the office of governor at the last gubernatorial election Ohio Constitution:
signatures from at least 44 of the 88 counties in Ohio. From each of these 44 counties, there must be signatures equal to at least one and five tenths percent (1.5%) of the total vote cast for the office of governor in that county at the last gubernatorial election. Article II, Section 1g