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 5. Independent Contractors Vs Employees At Your Animal Sanctuary In The United States
 Independent Contractors Vs Employees At Your Animal Sanctuary In The United States
 US tax forms and a calculator on a table.
 When operating a farmed animal sanctuary, there will likely be many occasions where hiring outside workers will be necessary in order to get things done, such as providing transportation for a resident, hiring a qualified compassionate shearer or farrier, bringing in hay orders, hiring contractors for new construction, and to fill a myriad of other roles as the need arises. It's easy to presume that these people are independent contractors, not employees of your sanctuary.
 In the United States, this distinction can provide many financial benefits for your organization since you are not required to cover minimum wage, payroll, or employee taxes for independent contractors (the latter two can be quite costly, estimated at up to 30% of an employee's cost to the organization), and complicated to keep track of. However, if someone is regularly showing up at your sanctuary to do work for you, it's very important that you review what you're asking of them and ensuring that you haven't been incidentally treating them like an employee. In recent years, the Internal Revenue Service has been cracking down on registered nonprofits who have misclassified employees as contractors.
 What About Other Countries?
 Many countries follow very similar guidelines for worker classification, and much of this resource will apply! This is especially true of Canada, whose system is highly similar.
 You may think that by virtue of not providing someone a titled job offer, or by the contract you have in place with them, or by how you've been paying them, that they are definitely not your sanctuary's employee. Unfortunately, federal labor laws do not care how you're referring to them, how you've decided to pay them, or what your contract states. It is not uncommon for a contractor to appeal for an unemployment claim if they feel that they deserve employee status, and audits can come at any time. If the government evaluates your business relationships and determines that a contractor is actually an employee, your organization could be potentially required to pay back wages, taxes, unemployment benefits, and a heap of other penalties!
 Determining Employee Status
 The standards for what constitutes an independent contractor versus an employee are more subjective than you may imagine. The Internal Revenue Service, the federal Department Of Labor, and state labor boards all have their own rules for making the call, though they all tend to deliberate based on three primary categories: Behavioral Control, Financial Control, and The Relationship Of The Parties.
 Behavioral Control
 If you have been controlling or are able to control how someone does their job, including:
 - Providing detailed instructions
 - Telling them what tools to use
 - Controlling who exactly can be hired to assist them in their task
 - Telling them where to purchase supplies
 - Providing them extensive training in how to get the job done
 - Telling someone precisely what hours they need to be working or giving them exacting regular deadlines
 These are signs that the worker is more likely to be considered an employee in the eyes of the law.
 If you hire someone to get the job done but don't tell them how to do it, and they can bring on whoever they choose to get the job done, and they have their own tools and background to fall upon, they are more likely to be considered an independent contractor.
 A Temp Solution
 If you need to hire somebody to perform duties for a limited amount of time, but you need to have control over what they do and how they do it, consider seeking a worker through a temporary employment agency. This way, you can find a qualified individual to help out and allow the agency to handle all of the requisite taxes and benefits. It will likely be more expensive than hiring a contractor outright, but it will certainly provide regulatory peace of mind!
 Financial Control
 If you have been or are able to significantly control the financial elements of a person and their work, including:
 - Providing this person with the majority of their weekly work or pay
 - Providing them with the tools necessary to do their job
 - Offering to pay some of their taxes
 - Reimbursing their business expenses frequently
 - Being responsible for their financial well-being
 These are signs that they are more likely to be considered an employee.
 If they have many other clients, a non-exclusive contract with you, have their own business standing with a business bank account, federal tax ID number, and insurance in their own name, and could either profit or take a loss based on their work, they are more likely to be considered an independent contractor.
 Relationship Of The Parties
 Perhaps the most subjective of the three categories, this covers how your organization and the worker perceives their relationship to each other. For instance:
 - If you are providing employment benefits like insurance, pension, or paid leave
 - If you have given the contractor business cards or an email address that align them with your sanctuary
 - If you treat them in very similar ways to your employees
 - If you provide them with their own exclusive office space at the sanctuary
 - If you expect them to provide ongoing services that are instrumental to your sanctuary's ongoing operation
 If they are very clearly a separate entity from your sanctuary, never refer to you as an employer, have separate branding or business cards designating their duties, and have a signed contract or statement of work that clearly states a non-employee relationship, they are more likely to be considered an independent contractor.
 Bulletproof Contracts?
 A detailed, signed contract can go very far in proving an employer-contractor relationship, and should absolutely be incorporated into all of your work with independent contractors. However, just because there's a contract in play, even if it states that they are not an employee, this does not mean that you have definitively settled that a contractor is not an employee! If governmental review finds extensive evidence to the contrary using the above categories, they may declare the contract void and award a contractor employee status.
 Sanctuary Examples
 There are many roles that need to be filled at a farmed animal sanctuary as it grows. How you expect someone to perform their duties and manage their schedule can be highly variable and could put many positions into either category of worker.
 A Farrier
 If you've been hiring somebody on occasion to come by and provide hoof trimmings for your equine residents every few months, they provide their own equipment, and they get it done in a generous window of time provided, it's very likely that this person is an independent contractor. They do not rely solely upon your sanctuary for employment, and beyond the task they've been hired for, they do not have much of a relationship with your organization, so it's unlikely that they'd be considered an employee.
 A Veterinarian
 Veterinarians tend to be independent contractors, as they tend to have many clients outside of your sanctuary, have extensive training that you do not provide for them, and typically work as part of a clinic. Although they are very important to your residents' well-being, they are not likely to be employees of your sanctuary. However, if you hire a veterinarian to be on call for your residents, expect them to exclusively work at your organization, or expect them to provide special services that are instrumental in how your sanctuary operates, they might be arguably an employee of your sanctuary.
 A Social Media Coordinator
 If you've hired someone to manage your social media, depending on how you've set expectations for them, they could be either an independent contractor or an employee. If you provide strict hours, content expectations, and equipment for them, they might arguably be considered an employee of your sanctuary. If you give them broad latitude to use their own creative discretion, equipment, and hours, they are more likely to be considered an independent contractor.
 A Resident Caregiver
 If you've hired someone to exclusively provide care for your residents, it's likely that you have set exact expectations for how they do their job, what tools they use, when they must report to you, and you may possibly even require that they live on site. Due to their highly important role and time spent at your sanctuary, it's very likely that this person should be considered an employee of your sanctuary.
 If You've Definitely Hired A Contractor
 If you've gone through all this and determined that yes, a contractor is indeed a contractor, your responsibilities are relatively few! All you must do is issue the contractor a W-9 tax form and issue them a 1099 tax form at the end of the year if they aren't a registered as a corporation type which is exempt from 1099 filing. It's that simple!
 If You Need To Reclassify
 If you've read through this and concluded that you've been treating a de facto employee as an independent contractor, you should convert them into a bonafide employee when


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The Suriname Dollar (SRD) has been the national currency since 2004. There are coins in denominations of 1,5,10,25,100 and 250 cents, and bank bills of 5,10,20,50 and 100 Dollars. You can view the exchange rates each day in the local newspapers. US Dollars and Euros can be exchanged at all national and local banks. Traveller's cheques can only be exchanged at local banks. Under no circumstances should you ever exchange money on the streets!
You can also use your ATM or credit card. In the interior of the country, this option is obviously not available. If necessary, you can ask your tour guide which destinations within the country will require you to have cash on hand.
There are plenty of ATMs in Paramaribo where you can use your ATM card to pick up cash. Banks are only open in the morning from 8:00 am to 2:00 pm. Exchange offices (Cambios) are often open until 9:00 pm in the evening.
Good monetary prospects for Suriname
Suriname's economy displays economic stability for a number of years. It is very important that the current foundation is developing more.
In 2004, three zeros were scraped from the Surinamese guilder and the name was changed to the Suriname Dollar, the SRD. This decision was taken by the Central Bank of Suriname, because the value of the Surinamese currency was declining. This was the way to make money valuable again.
It can be said today the monetary reserves of Suriname are at peaks. This means that the Surinamese economy is strong and has the reserves to show that. There are three reasons why the monetary reserves are so important for our country:
- The reserves cover the money brought into circulation. When this is not the case then the zeros appear again causing inflation. The Central Bank of Suriname is the only institute that can put money into circulation. And since 2005, the line was tightened. The Central Bank may only spend money if they have coverage.
- The reserves cover the currency accounts of other banks. Banks are at high risk because of the foreign currency management and should be able to pay back customers at all the time. These banks are required to deposit 1/3 of the currency separate to an escrow account so the money is kept safe. The Central Bank of Suriname will back up the banks if they get into trouble and cannot pay their customers.
- The reserves provide a certain amount of credit on the capital market. This is especially necessary now that the development aid is finished. Suriname is now dependent on international capital markets, where there is a need for monetary reserves.
The Surinamese currency is healthy, fully covered and is safe to invest. There is no doubt that there is economic stability, for the purchasing power has together with the Gross National Product doubled in the past five years.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


What does lactobacillus casei mean?
Definitions for lactobacillus casei
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word lactobacillus casei.
Freebase
 1. Lactobacillus casei
 Lactobacillus casei is a species of genus Lactobacillus found in the human intestine and mouth. This particular species of Lactobacillus is documented to have a wide pH and temperature range, and complements the growth of L. acidophilus, a producer of the enzyme amylase.
U.S. National Library of Medicine
 1. Lactobacillus casei
 A rod-shaped bacterium isolated from milk and cheese, dairy products and dairy environments, sour dough, cow dung, silage, and human mouth, human intestinal contents and stools, and the human vagina.
Numerology
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of lactobacillus casei in Chaldean Numerology is: 8
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of lactobacillus casei in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5
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text: 【摘要】：Optical signal-to-noise ratio(OSNR) is one of the most significant parameters for the performance characterization of random fiber lasers(RFLs) and their application potentiality in sensing and telecommunication. An effective way to improve the OSNR of RFLs is pump scheme optimization, for example, employing a temporally stable source as the pump. In this paper, the output performance of an incoherently pumped RFL dependence on the pump bandwidth has been investigated both in experiment and theory. It is found that a high-OSNR RFL can be achieved with broadband amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) source pumping, and a relatively broad pump bandwidth can also help suppress the spectral broadening while maintaining an ultra-high spectral purity.By optimizing the pump bandwidth to ~10 nm, maximum OSNR of ~39 dB(corresponding to a spectral purity of ~99.96%) with more than 99 W output power can be obtained. Moreover, for the pump bandwidth of 0.6–40 nm, the spectral purity can reach as high as 99% with the pump power ranging from ~85 to ~117 W.In addition, with the aid of theoretical simulation based on a modified power balance model, we find that the increment of pump bandwidth can decrease the effective Raman gain coefficient, further influencing the gain characteristics, nonlinear effects, and eventually the output performance. This work provides new insight into the influence of the pump characteristics on the output performance of incoherently pumped RFLs.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Fugitive Blackness: Finding African Diasporic Self-Governance in the Early Circum-Caribbean
Grants to Support Faculty Fellows' Research
Fugitive Blackness studies forms of self-governance available to African-diaspora communities in the early Spanish colonial circum-Caribbean. Spain insisted that African and African-descent (Black) slaves remained foreigners, not inherently entitled to self-governance and land as were indigenous Americans and Spanish municipalities. Enslaved and free Blacks were expected to lose their cultures, to live in heterogeneous (non-ethnic) groupings, and to assimilate Spanish Christian practices. Nonetheless, Black people were occasionally organized in self-governing corporate units. The church created spaces for them in religious brotherhoods; the crown contemplated schemes to place them in mining zones and coerce their labor while allowing them restricted political liberty; runaway slaves created free, but persecuted, polities; and authorities sometimes offered them the status of free Black towns that paid taxes and pursued future runaways. By examining these political and social structures together, I show how local culture (which could reflect Spanish, African, indigenous, and hybrid antecedents) colored semi-autonomous political institutions in this context of refused liberty.


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You are here
Diver Breathing Gas Re-heater for Closed Circuit Underwater Breathing Apparatus
Phone: _PHONE_
Phone: _PHONE_
The objective of this proposal is to develop a robust, lightweight and compact device for re-heating and maintaining the temperature of a divers inspired breathing gas when diving on a closed circuit underwater breathing apparatus for the duration of the dive. As a solution, Simuleer proposes to develop the Hybrid Energy Abiotic Thermoelectric (HEAT) system based on a high-power hybrid (i.e. passive and active) power system in order to meet the high power (~35-200 Watts) needs of this application scenario. The HEAT innovations enable a compact (for maximum maneuverability), powerful (to achieve peak power needs of 200 Watts), long-lasting (to provide heating for a >8 hour long dive), system without any breathing obstruction (for maximum comfort).In Phase I Simuleer will perform a feasibility study to determine potential solutions that meet the required specifications, and document the results.Based on results of the feasibility study, analysis and simulations of the system components will be performed to ensure that operational characteristics are in line with specification requirements.In Phase II, Simuleer will develop, install, and demonstrate a prototype HEAT system based on the Phase I feasibility study of a diver breathing gas re-heater for a closed circuit underwater breathing apparatus.
* Information listed above is at the time of submission. *

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


1 Hello data
Scientists seek to answer questions using rigorous methods and careful observations. These observations – collected from the likes of field notes, surveys, and experiments – form the backbone of a statistical investigation and are called data. Statistics is the study of how best to collect, analyze, and draw conclusions from data. In this first chapter, we focus on both the properties of data and on the collection of data.
1.1 Case study: Using stents to prevent strokes
In this section we introduce a classic challenge in statistics: evaluating the efficacy of a medical treatment. Terms in this section, and indeed much of this chapter, will all be revisited later in the text. The plan for now is simply to get a sense of the role statistics can play in practice.
An experiment is designed to study the effectiveness of stents in treating patients at risk of stroke (Chimowitz et al. 2011). Stents are small mesh tubes that are placed inside narrow or weak arteries to assist in patient recovery after cardiac events and reduce the risk of an additional heart attack or death.
Many doctors have hoped that there would be similar benefits for patients at risk of stroke. We start by writing the principal question the researchers hope to answer:
Does the use of stents reduce the risk of stroke?
The researchers who asked this question conducted an experiment with 451 at-risk patients. Each volunteer patient was randomly assigned to one of two groups:
 - Treatment group. Patients in the treatment group received a stent and medical management. The medical management included medications, management of risk factors, and help in lifestyle modification.
 - Control group. Patients in the control group received the same medical management as the treatment group, but they did not receive stents.
Researchers randomly assigned 224 patients to the treatment group and 227 to the control group. In this study, the control group provides a reference point against which we can measure the medical impact of stents in the treatment group.
Researchers studied the effect of stents at two time points: 30 days after enrollment and 365 days after enrollment. The results of 5 patients are summarized in Table 1.1. Patient outcomes are recorded as stroke or no event, representing whether the patient had a stroke during that time period.
The stent30 data and stent365 data can be found in the openintro R package.
Table 1.1: Results for five patients from the stent study.
patient group 30 days 365 days
1 treatment no event no event
2 treatment stroke stroke
3 treatment no event no event
4 treatment no event no event
5 control no event no event
It would be difficult to answer a question on the impact of stents on the occurrence of strokes for all study patients using these individual observations. This question is better addressed by performing a statistical data analysis of all observations. Table 1.2 summarizes the raw data in a more helpful way. In this table, we can quickly see what happened over the entire study. For instance, to identify the number of patients in the treatment group who had a stroke within 30 days after the treatment, we look in the leftmost column (30 days), at the intersection of treatment and stroke: 33. To identify the number of control patients who did not have a stroke after 365 days after receiving treatment, we look at the rightmost column (365 days), at the intersection of control and no event: 199.
Table 1.2: Descriptive statistics for the stent study.
30 days
365 days
Group Stroke No event Stroke No event
Control 13 214 28 199
Treatment 33 191 45 179
Total 46 405 73 378
Of the 224 patients in the treatment group, 45 had a stroke by the end of the first year. Using these two numbers, compute the proportion of patients in the treatment group who had a stroke by the end of their first year. (Note: answers to all Guided Practice exercises are provided in footnotes!)1
We can compute summary statistics from the table to give us a better idea of how the impact of the stent treatment differed between the two groups. A summary statistic is a single number summarizing data from a sample. For instance, the primary results of the study after 1 year could be described by two summary statistics: the proportion of people who had a stroke in the treatment and control groups.
 - Proportion who had a stroke in the treatment (stent) group: \(45/224 = 0.20 = 20\%.\)
 - Proportion who had a stroke in the control group: \(28/227 = 0.12 = 12\%.\)
These two summary statistics are useful in looking for differences in the groups, and we are in for a surprise: an additional 8% of patients in the treatment group had a stroke! This is important for two reasons. First, it is contrary to what doctors expected, which was that stents would reduce the rate of strokes. Second, it leads to a statistical question: do the data show a "real" difference between the groups?
This second question is subtle. Suppose you flip a coin 100 times. While the chance a coin lands heads in any given coin flip is 50%, we probably won't observe exactly 50 heads. This type of variation is part of almost any type of data generating process. It is possible that the 8% difference in the stent study is due to this natural variation. However, the larger the difference we observe (for a particular sample size), the less believable it is that the difference is due to chance. So, what we are really asking is the following: if in fact stents have no effect, how likely is it that we observe such a large difference?
While we do not yet have statistical tools to fully address this question on our own, we can comprehend the conclusions of the published analysis: there was compelling evidence of harm by stents in this study of stroke patients.
Be careful: Do not generalize the results of this study to all patients and all stents. This study looked at patients with very specific characteristics who volunteered to be a part of this study and who may not be representative of all stroke patients. In addition, there are many types of stents, and this study only considered the self-expanding Wingspan stent (Boston Scientific). However, this study does leave us with an important lesson: we should keep our eyes open for surprises.
1.2 Data basics
Effective presentation and description of data is a first step in most analyses. This section introduces one structure for organizing data as well as some terminology that will be used throughout this book.
1.2.1 Observations, variables, and data matrices
Table 1.3 displays six rows of a dataset for 50 randomly sampled loans offered through Lending Club, which is a peer-to-peer lending company. This dataset will be referred to as loan50.
The loan50 data can be found in the openintro R package.
Each row in the table represents a single loan. The formal name for a row is a case or observation or unit of observation. The columns represent characteristics of each loan, where each column is referred to as a variable. For example, the first row represents a loan of $22,000 with an interest rate of 10.90%, where the borrower is based in New Jersey (NJ) and has an income of $59,000.
What is the grade of the first loan in Table 1.3? And what is the home ownership status of the borrower for that first loan? Reminder: for these Guided Practice questions, you can check your answer in the footnote.2
In practice, it is especially important to ask clarifying questions to ensure important aspects of the data are understood. For instance, it is always important to be sure we know what each variable means and its units of measurement. Descriptions of the variables in the loan50 dataset are given in Table 1.4.
Table 1.3: Six observations from the loan50 dataset.
loan_amount interest_rate term grade state total_income homeownership
1 22,000 10.90 60 B NJ 59,000 rent
2 6,000 9.92 36 B CA 60,000 rent
3 25,000 26.30 36 E SC 75,000 mortgage
4 6,000 9.92 36 B CA 75,000 rent
5 25,000 9.43 60 B OH 254,000 mortgage
6 6,400 9.92 36 B IN 67,000 mortgage
Table 1.4: Variables and their descriptions for the loan50 dataset.
Variable Description
loan_amount Amount of the loan received, in US dollars.
interest_rate Interest rate on the loan, in an annual percentage.
term The length of the loan, which is always set as a whole number of months.
grade Loan grade, which takes a values A through G and represents the quality of the loan and its likelihood of being repaid.
state US state where the borrower resides.
total_income Borrower's total income, including any second income, in US dollars.
homeownership Indicates whether the person owns, owns but has a mortgage, or rents.
The data in Table 1.3 represent a data frame, which is a convenient and common way to organize data, especially if collecting data in a spreadsheet. A data frame where each row is a unique case (observational unit), each column is a variable, and each cell is a single value is commonly referred to as tidy data (Wickham 2014).
When recording data, use a tidy data frame unless you have a very good reason to use a different structure. This structure allows new cases to be added as rows or new variables as new columns and facilitates visualization, summarization, and other statistical analyses.
The grades for assignments, quizzes, and exams in a course are often recorded in a gradebook that takes the form


Michigan University study recommends banning use of facial recognition tools in schools
University of Michigan study finds the use of facial recognition technology in schools invades privacy, promotes racial discrimination; recommends a total ban
Many schools use facial recognition technology for keeping an eye on students as well as preventing outsiders from entering the school premises. However, a new study by the University of Michigan researchers finds that using facial recognition technology schools is bad.
The research team led by Shobita Parthasarathy found that the security aspect of the facial recognition technology is flawed and presents many other problems. The study found that the facial recognition technology actually invades the students' privacy and promotes racial discrimination. The report adds that the tech also normalizes surveillance while institutionalizing inaccuracy and marginalizing non-conforming students.
The study was conducted at the behest of the University of Michigan's Ford School of Public Policy and comes in a time when there is a general anti-facial recognition tech feeling among Americans. There are growing instances of states banning the use of facial recognition tech by law enforcement agencies. Tech companies like Amazon, Microsoft, etc. have already announced that they will not deliver facial recognition tech to the U.S. law enforcement agencies until there is a regulation in place. IBM has gone further and said that it will never venture into the facial recognition technology business.
The study which is titled, "Cameras in the Classroom," states that facial recognition tech is not accurate and should be banned from schools. "We have focused on facial recognition in schools because it is not yet widespread and because it will impact particularly vulnerable populations. The research shows that prematurely deploying the technology without understanding its implications would be unethical and dangerous," said Parthasarathy.
You can read the research paper titled Cameras in the Classroom here.
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text:
- kilter •
Pronunciation: kil-têr • Hear it!
Part of Speech: Noun, mass
Meaning: Good condition, health, tune, or spirits.
Notes: Kilter is another word on its last leg that we would like to rescue from the lexical boneyard. We hear it today almost exclusively in the expression "out of kilter". However, the use of this Good Word is by no means limited to a single negative phrase.
In Play: Dr. Goodword is frequently asked, "If something is not out of kilter, is it 'in kilter'?" "Yes," is always the good doctor's answer: "Everyone at the party was in good kilter so the party was a great success." Anything that can be out of kilter can as well be in good kilter: "The choir is sounding better, but their music still isn't in perfect kilter."
Word History: Today's Good Word is a corruption of kelter, but a corruption that began in the middle of the 17th century, so there is little chance of going back now. Kelter is still preserved in some British dialects, but kilterclearly is favored today. The question is, then, where does kelter come from and the straightforward answer is that no one has the foggiest notion. No semantically related words resembling kelter can be found in English or any other language in its family. That leaves us with little more to say about this word except to thank Perry Dror for his contribution to keeping our Good Word series in high kilter by suggesting fascinating words like today's.


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The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources and the Greek Chandris (Hellas) Inc., which specializes in maritime shipping activities, met with Egyptian officials to discuss investment opportunities available in the petroleum sector – especially in maritime transport and vessel bunkering.
The group expressed a strong desire to increase its activity and investments in Egypt and to expand the activity of transporting liquefied natural gas following the rise in global oil and gas prices, and increasing global demand especially for LNG.
Egyptian Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Tarek al-Mulla stressed, during his meeting with Group Chairman John Chandris, that Egypt's success in achieving self-sufficiency in natural gas and the surplus opened great prospects for expansion in value-added industries, in addition to the strong growth of liquefied gas trading activity.
Mulla noted the world's increasing demand for natural gas, which many countries now consider the most important fossil fuel and the best transitional fuel during their energy transition period.
An initiative launched by the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum for bunkering ships with LNG comes as part of the global trend to preserve the environment and reduce emissions, he added.
Chandris meanwhile confirmed that the group is willing to invest in projects to establish warehouses for bunkering ships with LNG under the forum's initiative.
He stressed the importance of the fruitful partnership with the Egyptian petroleum sector, and praised the level of cooperation with the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation in crude oil transportation.
Chandris said that his group has recently strengthened its fleet of ships with new and advanced tankers, with the aim of expanding in all areas and activities of liquefied natural gas.


Dates: 1950s
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Simple white clay pipe adorned with three metal bands marked 'ECB London', 'MS' and 'U', and 'EP', which probably came from other pipes.
Dr D A Higgins of the Society for Pipe Research, told us that it is a typical Scottish clay pipe of late C19th or early C20th date. Thick, chunky pipes like this were favoured in Scotland and made by many different manufacturers. Those from the larger firms often had a pattern number on the left hand side of the stem [this one does not].
The metal bands are nothing to do with the pipe, but could well have come from others. Briar pipes typically had a metal band like these to join the wooden bowl with a vulcanite stem. Some, more expensive, clays with stems of vulcanite or other materials also had a metal band. The diamond-shaped band could have come from a 'Bulldog' pattern of pipe, which had a diamond-shaped stem section. These bands would have been made since the mid C19th as composite pipes only really came into circulation after around 1850.
1 2 3 133


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The Audubon Center at Riverlands has partnered with the Rivers Project Office of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Cornell Lab of Ornithology to develop and implement a citizen science landbird monitoring program for bottomland forests on the Mississippi River, in the Great Rivers Confluence Region. This project will result in valuable information on breeding bird diversity in these forested floodplains.
In the Midwest, some of the largest tracts of forest are found along major rivers such as the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers and these forests have the capacity to support a great diversity of birds and other wildlife. Near the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi River, the Rivers Project Office of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers alone manages close to 50,000 acres of public lands, much of which is bottomland forest.
The Mississippi River is a globally significant migratory flyway that provides nesting, resting and feeding habitat for 60% of the migratory bird species in North America, and 40% of North American waterfowl. In all, over 300 species of birds migrate along the Mississippi Flyway. Many species are relatively easy to identify and detect, and the presence and relative abundance of these birds, like the Prothonotary Warbler, may be used to help describe the overall health of bottomland forest ecosystems.
For more information or ways to be involved with the project please contact Jean Favara at _EMAIL_.


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A History of the Perkins School of Theology
"Since its founding in 1915, Southern Methodist University has had a school of theology. As a seminary in a university, the school has existed in a creative tension between academy and church; Grimes narrates the school's history from his point of view as one committed both to church and to academy, having been a leader in the field of Christian education in both." "Grimes ponders the role of the theological faculty in leading - or not leading - the university during its times of crisis and change. Thus, the history of the school of theology is set within the larger history of the university's challenges and changes. Though a history of SMU's early years exists, the present volume provides a narrative of that history not available elsewhere in the same detail." "The school of theology's history falls into two main periods: before and after its being named the Perkins School of Theology in 1945 following a generous benefaction by the J. J. Perkins family of Wichita Falls, Texas, which made possible the construction of its splendid quadrangle of buildings. Further dividing the school's history into the periods of service of the seven deans (Edwin Mouzon, Hoyt Dobbs, Paul B. Kern, Eugene B. Hawk, Merrimon Cuninggim, Joseph D. Quillian, James E. Kirby) and the long-term acting dean (James Kilgore), Grimes traces the development of the faculty, the library, and the curricula and describes the important social and ecclesiastical issues the school faced over the years. Notable issues explored in some depth include the enrollment of the first African-American students in the B.D. degree program, the controversies over the teaching of higher criticism of the Bible, the coming to the faculty of Albert C. Outler in 1951 from Yale and the rebuilding of the faculty by Cuninggim, and (more recently) the development of the intern program and the increasing presence of women and ethnic minorities among the faculty and student body."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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The Struggle to Become an Inclusive School
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How do you sign your name without a pen? Try a needle and thread! The Roger Mansell collection contains material on prisoners of war (POWs) in the Pacific theater of World War II, including unpublished memoirs by ex-POWs, rosters, copies of government documents, photographs, and the hand-embroidered apron seen here. The apron is dated January 19, 1942, seventeen days after the Japanese forces occupied Manila and took over the University of Santo Tomás, transforming it into a civilian internment camp. The signatures likely belong to internees who worked in the kitchens of the Santo Tomás Internment Camp. By the time the camp was liberated in February 1945, its population had grown to nearly four thousand.
In addition to this embroidered piece, internees produced newsletters, wood carvings, poems, and diaries documenting their time at Santa Tomás, Los Baños, and other internment camps in the Philippines. Click here to see a list of collections at the Hoover Institution Archives relating to the Philippines in World War II.
Roger Mansell's book Captured: The Forgotten Men of Guam was edited by historian Linda Goetz Holmes and published in November 2012 by Naval Institute Press.


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Analysis of Vertebrate Pest Control
How do we decide whether a particular vertebrate species can be classified as a pest? What is achieved by control of such pests? This book describes the application of statistics, economics and mathematical modelling to the control of bird and mammal pests. The emphasis is on the science underlying vertebrate pest control rather than on the control itself - the latter point distinguishes the book from any other. The scope is worldwide.
Paperback re-issue, originally published in 1994.
Tables and graphs are numerous and illustrate points well. Formulas are liberally included in the modelling chapters. Comments, comparisons, and criticisms of formula terms help greatly to explain how they are derived, used, and interpreted. Choice
View other products from the same publisher


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The most popular method for monitoring depression is significantly flawed and needs replacement. So says R. Michael Bagby, clinical research director at the University of Toronto's Center for Addiction and Mental Health. Although the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, developed in 1960, has long been a "gold standard" in psychiatric evaluation, Bagby says its shortcomings are well noted.
Bagby was the lead researcher of a metastudy that analyzed 70 independent research papers on the Hamilton scale's efficacy published since the last major review in 1979. The study was funded in part by Eli Lilly and the Ontario Mental Health Foundation.
Bagby says one of the scale's greatest problems is poor sensitivity to changes in a depressed individual's condition. This shortcoming makes it difficult to accurately monitor whether a patient is improving or declining and also confuses the approval of new antidepressant drugs, because the scale is a benchmark in judging their efficacy during clinical trials. Furthermore, the symptoms inventoried on the HAMD, as the scale is known, are simply out of step with modern research.
Although other scales have been introduced, none has achieved as widespread use as the Hamilton. In 1999 a cross-disciplinary team developed a revised version called the GRID-HAMD, but Bagby and his colleagues say that the entire concept needs to be retired.
Kenneth Evans, director of medical and scientific services at Axon Communications and a key developer of the GRID-HAMD, acknowledges that the metastudy's claims are valid. He is currently chair of the Depression Inventory Development Team, a collaborative effort among clinical researchers and representatives from 14 pharmaceutical companies that seeks to develop a new screening tool. Initial versions are currently being tested for efficacy.
This article was originally published with the title Replacing Hamilton.


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Grand Canyon Tours for Students and Educational Groups
Outdoor adventures are tremendous educational opportunities for students. The Grand Canyon region is a perfect location for your school's student travel. In addition to the important character-building aspects of student travel, exposure to a constant stream of interactive lessons in the sciences, history, environmental awareness and the arts are woven through the entire canyon experience. Our guides are expert educators, offering hands on outdoor experiences to your students. It is common knowledge that interactive experiential based learning reaches students on all levels; which is why we achieve lasting success. When students recall their school years, it is your willingness to commit to experiences such as this, that they and their parents cherish.
It is important to remember that students, especially in the pre-teen/teenage group, will have their adult persona highly shaped and influenced by experiences such as this. Learning and experiencing the Grand Canyon, expands students thinking and teaches them that the world is a complex system, filled a wide variety places and people. The challenges of this quiet and primitive natural environment helps ground "less focused" students. Students may be learning but lets not forget... they will be having fun! Our experienced staff know how to guide them through all of this in a safe manner.
We will help you to customize your school's itinerary. Activities can include:
- Geology Tours of Grand Canyon and the surrounding region
- Student Hiking Experiences
- Student Backpacking
- Wilderness Camping, this is a favorite!
- Climbing Experiences to challenge and build confidence
- Real World Survival Skills
- Mountain Biking
- Trail Rides
- Nature appreciation through Art
- Native American Cultural Experiences
- Southwestern Cultural Astronomy
- River Rafting and Float Trips!
Our professional tour planners can you set up an itinerary that will complement the classroom experience, by incorporating elements of your curriculum into the tour. We will provide lesson planning and telephone support to assist your faculty in all areas pertinent to this trip.
The safety and security of participants is our top priority. Our highly experienced staff has unsurpassed knowledge of this region, and will keep your kids safe. Comfortable transportation and appropriate lodging have been specifically selected to be group-friendly, insuring maximum comfort and peace of mind.
Reasons to Travel with All-Star Grand Canyon Tours:
- Customized Educational Tour Plans
- 24-Hour Emergency Trained Staff
- Educator owned environmentally aware company
- Exceptionally skilled staff that is medically trained and fingerprint certified
- We have an excellent staff to student ratio
We look forward to working with you and your students!


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Last year, Microsoft Research released a new SDK/Framework called Lab of Things that supports their existing HomeOS project. HomeOS provides a centralized, holistic control of devices in the home. It provides to users intuitive controls to manage their devices.
Professor Nilanjan Banerjee of the University of Maryland at Baltimore County, an early adopter of Lab of Things platform has developed a system that could help people with limited mobility lead more independent lives by enabling them to control the environment in their home and workplaces. Their system detects gestures and uses them to activate lights and other appliances in the home. These sensors capture/monitor subtle motions such as finger twitching, lower arm rotation, and head movements among paralysis patients, with the ultimate goal of providing these individuals the ability to control appliances in caregiving and home settings.
The sensor design for this project was developed by Professor Ryan Robucci and his team. With the Lab of Things, Professor Robucci was able to develop and test the sensor components quickly without having to develop the accompanying software. Also part of this project was Dr. Sandy McCombe-Waller from the University of Maryland, School of Medicine, who specializes in rehabilitation of people with various forms of injuries and disabilities. She helped with understanding the various types of mobility issues involved, and with the Lab of Things was able to test various designs of the sensor quickly.
Lab of Things (LoT) is a flexible platform for experimental research that uses connected devices in homes.
- LoT enables easy interconnection of devices and implementation of application scenarios, using HomeOS.
- LoT enables easy deployment and monitoring of field studies and analysis of data from experiments.
- LoT enables easy sharing of data, code, and participants, further lowering the barrier to evaluating ideas in a diverse set of homes.
Read more about it here.


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Hainan Island locates in the very south of China, a tropical region. The climate is warm throughout the year, with plentiful rainfalls, proper humidity, and abundant crops in the farmland, which is very suitable for the growth and reproduction of a large number of frogs. It also provides optimal natural conditions for the reproduction and spread of sparganums.
The investigation showed that Sparganum mansoni were isolated in 1,556 wild frogs, and a total of 612 parasites were detected. Among them, up to 22 sparganums were detected in a single frog. The natural infection rate of Sparganum mansoni in wild frogs in Hainan Island is 12.92%, and the average infection intensity was 3.04 per frog, indicating that the sparganums are widely distributed in various regions of the island, and the phenomenon of sparganamu infection in wild frogs is common (Table 1). Although the infection rate in the wild frogs in Hainan Island is lower than many other areas in China, as indicated by the survey in Henan Island by Deng et al. (26.6%) , the survey in Guangzhou by Hong et al. (51.9%) , and the survey in Yulin by Xie et al. (77.6%) , there are still many people who are not aware of sparganum infection in wild frogs, and perform insufficient protection of sparganosis. Especially in recent years, with the changes of eating habits, more and more people start to eat frog meat. Some local people in Hainan Island have the habit of preying on wild frogs. Although there is no confident evidence showing that locals eat raw frog meat, insufficient heating or incomplete cooking process may still cause sparganum infection.
In this research, we found that wild frogs in different areas are infected by Sparganum mansoni in different situations(Fig. 1)related to factors such as ecological environment, geographical location, climate, local customs and habits. A total of 341 sparganums were colletected from the central region, which had high rate of sparganum infection in wild frogs compared with other regions ( 19.53%) (Table 2). The infection rate in Baoting and Ding'an counties located in the central region are higher (32.93%) and (27.48%) than other places, suggesting that people of these two regions have a higher risk of sparganosis than in other regions. The central area of Hainan Island is the birthplace of main rivers on the island, with an average annual rainfall of more than 2,200 mm, rich freshwater resources and good water quality. There are many ponds, reservoirs and rice fields suitable for the living and reproduction of frogs. In Baoting county and Wuzhishan city, the original ecological environment is relatively well preserved, and there are more free-range cats and dogs in the area. Free-range cats and dogs have more chances to take wild frogs as foods, and be infected by sparganums. The eggs in their feces can easily enter the water after being washed by rain, thereby forming a natural circulation and reiterative transmission, which provides a better chance for completion of the life cycle of Spirometra mansoni . The infection rate of sparganum in wild frogs in Qionghai city and Dongfang city is zero, and the infection rate in Changjiang county and Lin'gao county is not high (Fig. 1). This may be related to the fact that the collection point is close to the sea. The sea is relatively far from highly crowded living areas of people, so there are less cats and dogs, which are also important sources of infection of sparganum, and actions should be taken to prevent the feces of cats and dogs to enter the water bodies closely related to human's daily life . It has been reported in literatures that no sparganum infection was found in manually farmed frogs, which may be related to the lack of intermediate hosts required for a complete life cycle of Spirometra mansoni in the farms during manual breeding process, such as cats, dogs, and Cyclopes [26–27]. Frogs manually bred is fed with artificial foods, the frogs have less chance to contact with the outside world and have less chance of preying on cyclopes. In addition, manual breeding environments are generally sterilized and disinfested, which reduces the infection rate of sparganum .
The frogs collected in the study are mainly Rana tigrina and Rana plancyi. The Rana tigrina is distributed in various regions and inhabits near water plants that are not far from the land. The body length of Rana tigrina is 60–120 mm, and the largest can weigh up to 200 g. The Gold-stripped frogs are mainly distributed in Baoting county and Wuzhishan city, they inhabits on aquatic plants in the ditch and is smaller in size. The results of the study showed that no significant difference in the infection rate of sparganum between different frog species (Table 3), however the tendency of difference in the infection rate was found among frogs of different weights, though it is not statistically significant (Table 4). It was shown that the infection of sparganum is random, and they parasitize in frogs of different species and weights. Therefore, the infection rate is not related to them, but to the growth environments of the frogs. However, the infection intensity of sparganum in large frogs is relatively high (Fig. 3), indicating that the flesh of the hypertrophied frogs, which is rich in protein, calcium and phosphorus, especially the muscles of the hindlegs, provides abundant nutrients and plentiful space for the growth and development of sparganums. In addition, large frogs have lived for a longer time, and prolonged exposure to the wild environment will increase the probability of recurrent infection, leading to large scale infection. Sparganum mansoni can be widely parasitized in various locations of the frog's body, and it is more common in muscle tissue. There will be edema in the area infected by sparganums, and some may have congestion or bleeding. The current results showed that the frog's hindleg muscles have the most parasites of sparganums, with 447 (Fig. 5), and the infection rate is also the highest (72.14%) compared to other tissues, and the average infection intensity was 3.08 per frog (Table 5). The observation that sparganum is mainly parasitized in the leg muscles of frogs is consistent with the findings made by other domestic scholars [14,15,17,23,24]. It further indicates that sparganums have strong contractility and movtility, and it mostly extends under the skin or curls to live in the cavities in leg muscles, since frogs' leg muscles are more nutritious and provide better condition for the survival of sparganums.
On Hainan Island, wild frogs are infected by Sparganum mansoni commonly, which is a potential threat to local people. In order to prevent the infection of Sparganum mansoni, it is necessary to raise public awareness of sparganum infection in frogs and the associated risk of sparganosis, advocate healthy diet concepts and habits, and abandon capture, sale and purchase of wild frogs, so as to prevent and decrease the incidence of sparganosis .


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Electrodynamometer Wattmeter consists of two coils, pressure coil (PC) and current coil (CC). Pressure coil is connected across the circuit whose power is to be measured and current coil is connected in series. Thus circuit voltage is impressed across the PC and CC carries the circuit current. For constructional detail please read Electrodynamometer Wattmeter – Construction
Let the rms voltage of circuit is V and current flowing is I. We need to measure the power consumed / delivered of the circuit using electrodynamometer wattmeter. For this we connect the wattmeter to the circuit as shown in figure below.
Instantaneous value of voltage across PC = 2VSinwt
As a high value of series resistance is connected in series with the PC, therefore PC circuit can be assumed purely resistive. Therefore the current flowing through the PC is in phase with the circuit voltage V and given as
ip = Voltage across the PC / Series Resistance
= √2VSinωt / Rp , Rp = Series resistance connected to PC
If the circuit current is assumed lagging by an angle Ø, then the current through the CC is given as
ic = √2ISin(ωt – Ø)
But we know that,
T = i1i2dM/dƟ
In case of electrodynamometer wattmeter, i1 is current through PC and i2 is current through CC. Therefore deflecting torque
T = ipic dM/dƟ
= [√2VSinωt / Rp]x[√2ISin(ωt – Ø)]dM/dƟ
= 2VI SinωtSin(ωt – Ø) dM /dƟ
Since 2SinASinB = Cos (B-A) – Cos (A+B), therefore
T = [VICosØ – VICos(2ωt – Ø)] dM/dƟ
The above expression gives the instantaneous deflecting torque of electrodynamometer wattmeter. But the instrument will respond to the average deflecting torque over a time period. Therefore we need to calculate the average of deflecting torque Td.
Average deflecting torque
Thus we observe that, the average value of deflecting torque is proportional to the active power (VICosØ) of the circuit.
Controlling torque is provided by spring. Therefore controlling torque Tc is given as
Tc = KƟ
where K = Spring constant and Ɵ = Final steady deflection
At balanced condition,
Controlling Torque Tc = Deflecting torque Td
KƟ = VICosØ dM/dƟ
Ɵ = [VICosØ / K] dM/dƟ
= P dM/dƟ where P = VICosØ / K
Thus we see that, angular deflection of electrodynamometer is proportional to the active power being measured.
Shape of Scale of Electrodynamometer Wattmeter
The shape of scale of this instrument depends on the variation of dM/dƟ i.e. on the variation of mutual inductance between the fixed coil and moving coil. By properly designing the fixed (Current Coil) and moving coil (Pressure coil),dM/dƟ can be made to vary linearly over a range of 40 – 50° on either side of the zero mutual inductance as shown in figure below.
If the position of zero mutual inductance is at the midscale, then the scale will be uniform over a range of 80-100° which covers almost the entire scale range.


Having recently finished (again) The Lord of the Rings trilogy, I wondered what is the earliest known book / novel trilogy in literature? (Yes, I know J.R.R. Tolkien wrote LOTR not as a trilogy but as the first volume of a planned two-volume work, including LOTR and The Silmarillion but the two volume work was never completed and LOTR now stands on its own in what we refer to as a trilogy.)
According to both Wikipedia and Britannica, trilogy is used to describe
Britannica's trilogy entry goes on further to say (Wiki mentions this as well, but quoting Britannica here):
The term originally referred specifically to a group of three tragedies written by one author for competition. This trilogy constituted the traditional set of plays presented in Athens by a number of competitors at the 5th-century-BC drama festivals known as the Great Dionysia. One of the first authors to present such a trilogy was Aeschylus, whose Oresteia is the only surviving example from that time.
So we have there an example of what is thought to be the earliest drama / play in trilogy form.
The Wikipedia trilogy entry mentions the epic Mahabharata (attributed to Vyāsa). According to Wiki:
The Mahābhārata is the longest epic poem known and has been described as "the longest poem ever written."
with origins in the 8th or 9th century BCE. That might make it the earliest known trilogy of an epic poem. However, I am having difficulty finding a reference to the earliest known trilogy of books/novels.
Any literature students / professors / historians / enthusiasts (or librarians) out there who may know which trio of books / novels is the earliest known example in literature (and the author)?
EDIT: for the purpose of this question let's use the Wiki/Britannica definition of trilogy quoted above.
 - 1
 I have voted to close this question as it is entirely dependent on its theoretical terms rather than the documentary record of the past. Additionally it doesn't pose a historical question in relation to the documentary record of the past; it poses a literary critical question in relation to past texts. As such I have also flagged for migration. It seems a great question which doesn't belong here. – Samuel Russell Nov 16 '18 at 6:16
 - I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because it belongs the n Literature SE. – Spencer Nov 18 '18 at 16:08
 - _USER_ and Spencer - ok, Literature:SE may be better (didn't know there was a Literature:SE). I thought a literary historian may have a ready answer available. I'm not a member of Literature:SE so if this gets migrated there, hopefully someone can keep me informed of its progress. – Kerry L Nov 19 '18 at 15:14
The first and foremost example that comes to my mind is the Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri, written in the early XIV century.
This poem, a work of paramount importance for both Italian and World literature, is famously composed of three books, or cantiche:
 - Inferno
 - Purgatorio
 - Paradiso
Wikipedia has a category Literary trilogies. The oldest novels in the list seem to date from central Europe: Henryk Sienkiewicz's Trilogy (_PHONE_), Alois Jirásek's Mezi proudy (_PHONE_), and Jerzy Żuławski's Lunar Trilogy (_PHONE_). I have no idea whether this reflects a bias in Wikipedia contributors or is historically accurate. The oldest listed in English is John Galsworthy's Forsyte Saga (1906-21), which was published individually, then together as a trilogy, then later extended with more books. These examples may not correspond to your definition of a trilogy.
 - Thanks Stuart, +1... the category seems a little light though. It's certainly a good list to start with but I don't know how complete it is. Glad you found it! – Kerry L Nov 15 '18 at 18:07
Note that for novel sequences in general, "There is no useful, formal demarcation between novel sequences and multi-part novels."
A famous novel trilogy is Alexandre Dumas' story about D'Artagnan, Porthos, Athos and Aramis:
I won't pretend it is the oldest one, but it may well be the most read trilogy ever.
Robert Folkestone Williams wrote a trilogy of novels about William Shakespeare:
1838: The Youth of Shakespeare,
1839: Shakespeare and his Friends,
1844: Secret Passion.
At around the same time, Edgar Allen Poe wrote three short stories with C. Auguste Dupin, an amateur detective, as the main character:
1841: The Murders in the Rue Morgue,
1842: The Mystery of Marie Rogêt,
1844: The Purloined Letter.
These trilogies are both slightly earlier than Alexandre Dumas' Musketeers trilogy.
I know of three novels by Jules Verne that might or might not fit the definition of a trilogy.
Les Enfants du Capitaine Grant (The Children of Captain Grant) 1868, three volumes. Involves the search for the missing sea captain Grant.
Vingt Mille Lieues sous les mers (20,000 Leagues Under the Sea) 1870. 2 volumes. Captain Nemo and his submarine Nautilus.
L'Ille mysterieuse (The Mysterious Island) 1874. Three volumes. People are stranded on an island on the Pacific Ocean and have adventures. They meet characters from The Children of Captain Grant and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea though the chronologies of the three novels are inconsistent.
These three novels are called a trilogy by this source: _URL_
It is possible that opinions may vary about whether they should be considered a trilogy.
 - Of Jules Verne's novels, De la Terre à la Lune, Autour de la Lune, and Sans dessus dessous form a tighter trilogy, even though the third story was written twenty years after the second one. English titles are From the Earth to the Moon, Around the Moon, and The Purchase of the North Pole. – b_jonas Nov 24 '18 at 15:43
Your Answer


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Project Title: Maximizing the Benefits of International Voluntary Service: Relational Dimensions, Institutional Indicators, and Constructed Narratives
Summary: The goal of this paper is to answer the question: When are long-term immersive international volunteer programs most beneficial to local communities in Latin America? Through considering the different aspects of international voluntary service (IVS), the costs and benefits can be broken down into three frames of consideration. IVS can be thought of through relationship-building, institutional frameworks, and constructed narratives of service. IVS experiences that value relationships, community-building, and work within organizations that provide strong contextual frameworks for service best address the needs of the host community. However, these experiences may be constructed and marketed in many different ways via blogs, websites, and through other forms of social media. In contrast, IVS experiences that focus on the volunteer rather than the host community and have weak organizational structure will cause more harm than good to the host community. This research is critical because IVS is often discussed as having an explicit developmental agenda. Understanding the relationship between IVS and sustainable development will allow for more informed consumption of and participation in long-term international service projects. Guatemala is a host country that frequently receives IVS volunteers. Using Guatemala as a case study allows for an in-depth consideration of what works and what does not in an IVS program, and also opens up conversation for IVS in Latin America as a whole.


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Elsewhere on DAFF
The Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) leads the Australian Government in minimising the impact of pests, diseases and contaminants on Australian agriculture, fisheries, forestry and the environment. These outcomes are achieved by working with stakeholders in peace time to develop and test emergency response plans. In actual, real-life pest and disease outbreaks, DAFF has a lead role in the response by coordinating resources, operational and technical support as well as public information.
DAFF coordinates national activities to ensure a comprehensive, consistent and informed approach to preparedness and response activities for agricultural critical incidents and participates in a number of high-level committees and taskforces.
Emergency Response Plans
DAFF assists in the development of sector specific response plans such as:
Information during a biosecurity incident
Communication plays a large part in the response to, and recovery from, a biosecurity incident. Read more about the national arrangements that are place to make sure industry and the public is kept informed during a biosecurity incident.
BioSIRT (Biosecurity Surveillance Incident Response and Tracing) is a spatial and textual, web based software application that has been developed to enable better management of information and resources in emergency responses across animal or plant diseases, pests and incursions.
DAFF also conducts and participates in training activities and simulation exercises which have included:
Also see the information on the Rapid Response Team (RRT).
DAFF works closely with many government agencies and industry groups to ensure a unified approach to animal, plant or food safety emergencies.
Some of our partners include:
- Australian Government agencies
- State and Territory agricultural departments
- Animal Health Australia
- Plant Health Australia
- Meat & Livestock Australia
- Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority
- Fisheries Research & Development Corporation
If you would like to know more about DAFF's role or our approach to pest and disease emergencies, email the Biosecurity Emergency Management Unit in DAFF.
21 Nov 2012


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NZSCM's Six Top Tips for Safe, Effective Laser and IPL
If you're considering a laser or IPL to improve your skin, we have important advice to make sure you're safe.
In New Zealand , there are no regulations to stop untrained people from using lasers and IPL machines. To keep safe, you'll need to pick your operator carefully and ask the right questions yourself. Here's what to look out for.
1. Any brown spot should have been checked by a doctor within 3 months of treatment to make sure it's not cancerous. Treating a cancerous spot with laser could be dangerous.
2. Your operator should advise against treatment if you're tanned. Treating tanned skin risks burns, blisters, scars and white patches.
3. You should be offered eye protection.
4. Ask if your operator has completed a Laser Safety Course.
5. Your operator should tell you to protect your skin from the sun before and after treatment with sunscreen, clothing and a hat.
6. Your operator should ask you questions about eye colour, skin colour and tanning ability, to discover your skin type. This determines safe treatment settings for you.


Current Issue
Technology ADAPT Reports
Do You Have Space for the Future Car Repair?
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ADAS Repairs
May 15, 2020—The auto industry is closer and closer to what some call its heyday: the connected car changing how shops repair a vehicle.
The connected car market size is expected to grow to over $200 billion by 2027, according to a MarketsandMarkets, which provides B2B research on 30,000 high growth, emerging opportunities.
To prepare for the future of cars with ADAS calibrations and diagnostic repairs, shops need to think ahead in terms of space and equipment. With most automakers like BMW, Audi, Ford, Acura, Volvo, Volkswagen, Nissan and others offering connected cars, a shop will be left behind in convenient services if it isn't structured to accommodate them. If a shop operator doesn't plan now, there might simply not be space in the facility to successfully compete and perform these repairs.
For Mark Kipfer, co-owner of Auto Glass Express in Berkeley, Calif., setting up a space for cars with ADAS repairs, involves essentially building a virtual box around the vehicle.
He has an interface with the vehicle's computer and a pad that has the software on it. When the operator runs through the system, it will inform him or her, how to place the targets and which targets are required, including the sequence of where to place those targets. Once the vehicle sees the targets, it can calibrate the camera.
In the designated shop space, the vehicle has to be level, the frame has to be on square with the vehicle and the targets need to be placed correctly.So, there's no physical adjustment of the camera but there is physical adjustment of the camera.
For Jacques Navant, technical director for Don's Mobile Glass and The Calibration Station in Modesto, Calif., the process involves a tightly controlled environment. One example is a controlled light source, which includes an enclosed, open work area without natural light so the technician has complete control of every aspect of the light source.
"You have to have a controlled light source, direct sunlight or refractions from other surfaces can give you the false impression of a job done complete and accurate, or a failed calibration," Navant says. "If your light source is distorting the target that your camera is trying to pick up and calibrate to then you're not doing a true, accurate calibration."
He says the layout for these has to be a large, open area. For shops performing repairs on more American vehicles, they might need a bigger area because they require larger sized targets to complete the calibration.
Breaking down what you need for your space:
 1. Designate one stall or bay for only calibrations.
 2. Set up off-white curtains around the bay that can be pulled across the whole area so that nothing visually can confuse the camera.
 3. Make sure you have a space designated that is at least about 30 feet deep and 15 feet wide.
 4. Have a controlled light source.
 5. The space needs to have blank walls and blank floors with no distinct lines or patterns.
Related Articles
How Do You View the Technician Definition?
Autonomous Lingo in the Repair Space
Have Flying Car Plans Flown the Coop?
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By Debra Wood, RN, contributor
June 20, 2014 - Patient care has always required handoffs and teamwork, but a new emphasis on improving safety and the patient experience while delivering services more efficiently has created a renewed focus on collaboration.
Nurses at Torrance Memorial Medical Center in Torrance, Calif., take collaboration seriously and have found it has boosted patient satisfaction scores. For the past six years, a core group of nurses from a variety of settings within the health system's Donald and Priscilla Hunt Cancer Institute have met to streamline operations and ensure policies align across settings. Their efforts also ensure that patients receive the same messages at each level of care.
"The scope of oncology care is huge and crosses boundaries and buildings," said Miriam Sleven, RN, MS, OCN, coordinator of the Cancer Survivorship Program at Torrance Memorial. "We wanted to start addressing the needs of cancer patients within our system."
The Hunt Cancer Institute Nursing Collaborative originally began to evaluate the clinical, resource and psychosocial education needs nurses staffing a new inpatient oncology department would require before starting.
Once the team successfully identified and addressed those needs, and with the help of patient feedback, they realized other opportunities existed to improve patient care through greater interdepartmental communication.
The nurses from inpatient oncology, resource center nurses, survivorship, radiation oncology, the diagnostic center, palliative care and other settings meet monthly. They started out by assessing the role various departments played and how they contributed to the care experience and their concerns. Now they concentrate on addressing issues that come up.
"We started out as a clearinghouse for information," Sleven said.
Depending on the project, the number of participants will increase or decrease. The collaborative has brought in policy experts, for instance a pharmacist when developing policies and procedures associated with medication administration.
The collaborative provides participants an agenda so they know what to expect at that meeting, along with consistent leadership, which has led to ongoing problem solving. Meetings often begin with a team building exercise or icebreaker to enhance communication.
"We do something a little fun but that also demonstrates whatever we were trying to implement at the time," Sleven said. "It's important that the group makes a commitment to each other, as they make to the patient."
The nursing collaborative has completed about 14 projects, including some associated with navigation, rehabilitation and palliative care. The projects are reproducible and renewable.
"We've been very successful," Sleven said. "In the inpatient unit, the HCAHPS [(Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems)] scores have gone up."
One of the things the collaborative learned was that patient education differed across the campus, and policies did not outline which department should teach what information. The nurses developed a patient packet that both inpatient and outpatient nurses use. It explains the patient's disease and resources available. Patients can use it to track reports, appointments and take it to their physician appointments.
The collaborative updated its Rituxan protocols with the inpatient team, which administers the drug working in conjunction with a pharmacist, to ensure they met national standards and protocols were in place to deal with reactions. The institute is accredited as a Comprehensive Community Cancer Program by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer, and the collaborative ensures all standards are met.
The collaborative has set up a "think tank," in which people can bring ideas to the team for discussion and to incubate ideas. Members also developed a community-based consortium to increase public and professional awareness of survivorship issues.
"We are committed to help each other be successful in our own area as well as as a team," Sleven concluded.
Sleven and co-authors Mary Hersh, PhD, RN, FPCN, CHPN, and Charlene Cotrell, RN, all members of the nursing collaborative, presented a poster about their program at the Oncology Nursing Society conference and submitted it for display at the National Coalition of Oncology Nurse Navigators conferences this spring.
Why All the Fuss About Improving the Patient Experience?
The Breast Cancer Journey: Nurse and Patient Perspectives
© 2014. AMN Healthcare, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


Data access for OnmsSnmpInterface objects.
Hierarchy
Constructors
Accessors
Methods
 - Finds the values for the given propertyId, if it exists.
 Returns
 A promise containing the values.
 Parameters
 - propertyId: string
 The propertyId to find the values for
 - Optional options: any
 Some additional options. May be implementer dependent, such as limit, or value restrictions
 Returns Promise<any>
 - Retrieve the API version from the currently configured server.
 Returns number
 - A convenience method to make it easy for implementers to extract the count (or totalCount) values from response data.
 Parameters
 - data: any
 - Optional status: number
 Returns number
 - Returns or creates a cache of properties for this dao.
 Returns
 the cache for this dao. It is created if it does not exist.
 Returns Promise<any>
 - Fetches the data from the result and verfifes that the dataFieldName exists in the data property. If it does not exist, an exception is thrown.
 Parameters
 - result: any
 The result to fetch the data from
 - dataFieldName: string
 The property name (basically result.data[dataFieldName].
 - path: string
 The path where the result was fetched from. This is for error handling
 - mapCallbackFunction: any
 Callback function to convert each entry from result.data[dataFieldName].
 Returns any[]
 - The path to the interface search properties endpoint.
 Returns string
 - Convert the given value to a date, or undefined if it cannot be converted.
 Deprecated
 use Util.toDate instead.
 Parameters
 - from: any
 Returns Moment
 - Convert the given value to a number, or undefined if it cannot be converted.
 Deprecated
 use Util.toNumber instead.
 Parameters
 - from: any
 Returns number
 - Whether or not to use JSON when making ReST requests.
 Returns boolean
Generated using TypeDoc


GLAMPING – Nature served on silver platter
Studenteropgave: Speciale (inkl. HD afgangsprojekt)
 - Katarina Leci Sakacova
4. semester, Turisme, Kandidat (Kandidatuddannelse)
This research deals with a new trend in tourism, glamping. This type of tourism is rather unexplored, which is the main reason for choosing this topic. The knowledge about glamping is usually very brief and restricted to a short explanation of the term glamping as glamorous or luxury camping. This stresses only bond with nature without having to sacrifice the luxury. However, this clarification is not sufficient for the purpose of suppliers. In order to make their services effective, it is important to know their customers much deeper. Therefore, this research attempts to present at least one part of missing knowledge about glampers.
This study seeks answers to the following questions about glampers, their motivations, needs and happiness during their glamping holidays (as a more profound equivalent of tourist satisfaction):
What characterizes glampers as tourists?
What are the motivations, needs, wants and expectations expressed by glampers?
How do glampers imagine happy holiday?
The first question is the main question of this study. The following questions are sub-questions, which should help to dig deeper into specific areas, and hence to get even better understanding of glampers' thinking.
This research is an exploratory qualitative study written under the social constructivist paradigm. The data were collected in three stages. The first step was a passive netnography where Facebook groups, travel blogs, glamping sites and online forums about glamping were searched and observed. Furthermore, the preliminary definition of glamping on basis of web pages of glamping suppliers, academic literature, newspaper articles and online definitions (more than 280 different data sources were revised). The second stage was continuing in the more focused passive netnography of two Facebook groups and 13 blogs. The third, and the most important, stage consists of six Skype interviews and six e-interviews. The data from different sources was scrutinized and compared in order to identify patterns of glampers' behaviour, needs and happiness.
The theories about motivations for nature-based tourism, push & pull factors, consumption of luxury products and services and happiness in tourism were used to explore important characteristics of glampers. The analysis showed that there are two main groups of glampers – resort glampers and caravan glampers. Resort glampers are customers of luxury glamping resorts whilst caravan glampers use their personalized caravans during their holidays. Both groups wish to be close to nature but they do not want to give up the comfort, which they are used to at home. These comforts entail tasty food, good vine, comfortable bed and many small accessories, which create a homely atmosphere. Resort glampers seek relax, adventurous outdoors activities and a lot of privacy, which allows them to bond with their families. Caravan glampers are motivated also by these things. However, the most important for them is the independence and creativity. They can be characterized as travellers, who are keen on personalizing and making their caravans beautiful. They concentrate on sharing their inventions and ideas. They love freedom, which allows them to explore the country and to get to know other people. The socializing aspect of glamping is crucial for them.
The purpose of this research is to fill in at least one part of the aforementioned missing knowledge about glampers and to demonstrate that glamping has more faces than only luxury. The aim is not to find an ultimate answer to the aforesaid questions, and hence the findings should not be generalized. Instead, discovery of patterns about glampers' motivations, needs, wants and happiness is a goal of this study.
ID: 76860446


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For insolvent companies, being served a winding up petition is a very real possibility. The procedure can be used by creditors as a means of trying to recover a debt they are owed. Being on the receiving end of a winding up petition can be catastrophic for a company, and stressful for the directors.
If a winding up petition is allowed to run its course, it will result in the closing of a company regardless of its directors' wishes. Given the severity of this procedure, directors would be wise to understand how it works, especially if their company is facing insolvency.
In this article, Clarke Bell will discuss the winding up petition procedure, how it impacts limited companies, and what you can do to prevent your company from receiving a winding up petition.
What is a winding up petition?
Winding up petitions are a legal procedure available to creditors of companies when they are owed money. If they so choose, these creditors can submit a winding up petition to the courts, which will decide whether action should be taken. If the court approves it, the company in question will be served a winding up order, beginning the process of compulsory liquidation.
Winding up petitions are not the first port of call for creditors looking to recover debts. It is a stressful and time-consuming procedure from a creditor's perspective, one that doesn't always result in a positive outcome. Bridges will be burned, the company in question closed, and creditors may well only receive a part of their debt for their trouble. Additionally, winding up petitions aren't cheap, with the procedure costing upwards of £3,000. As such, creditors generally turn to a winding up petition when all other options have failed.
How does a winding up petition work?
A winding up petition has a fairly lengthy process that can take anywhere from 2-4 months. The process is broken up into several key steps that must be followed in sequence for the petition to be valid. These steps are as follows:
- The first step is for one or more creditors to sign a winding up petition, then submit it to the relevant court. For companies with a share capital in excess of £120,000, then the signatories will submit the petition to the High Court. If not, then the petition should be sent to the local court nearest the company's registered head office.
- Once the winding up petition has been submitted, the case will be considered by the courts. If approved, the petition will be served to the company in question's head office. This starts the winding up process in earnest, and begins a countdown to a court hearing.
- Creditors that signed the petition must publish it in the Gazette no more than seven days after the company receives the order.
- Relevant documents, such as a copy of the Gazette notice, must be filed with the appropriate court at least five days in advance of the court hearing.
- The final step of the winding up petition process is the hearing itself. In this hearing, both the petitioners and representatives of the company can speak, offering whatever evidence they may have to support their case.
There are two possible outcomes of this hearing; either the court sides with the petitioners and places the company into compulsory liquidation, or it sides with the company and allows it to remain in operation.
Can a winding up petition be reversed?
It is possible for companies to stop a winding up petition. The simplest option is to repay outstanding debts. However, for insolvent companies, this is not possible. Instead, the directors may be better off negotiating with outstanding creditors. This won't necessarily remove the possibility of a winding up petition, but communicating with creditors can help delay a petition until you can improve your company's finances. A Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA) could be an option if you choose this approach.
Using a CVL to prevent a winding up petition
A Creditors' Voluntary Liquidation is a voluntary insolvency procedure that allows directors to close their companies of their own accord. The procedure can be invaluable to insolvent companies, offering several key benefits that allow directors to reach a positive outcome.
As a voluntary procedure, directors of insolvent companies may appoint an insolvency practitioner of their choice to the role of liquidator. This liquidator will be responsible for the execution of the CVL, and will take control over the company to do so. The liquidator will identify any company assets, dispose of them for as high a value as possible, and distribute the proceeds amongst outstanding creditors. Once all funds have been dispersed, the company will be wound up and removed from the Companies House register. Any debts that remain after this point will be written off, assuming none are secured by personal guarantees.
While CVLs are excellent tools for closing insolvent companies, they offer more than just an efficient method of voluntary liquidation. One of the main benefits is that the procedure is voluntary. This demonstrates the directors' willingness to act in the interests of their company's creditors. This makes it difficult for accusations of misconduct to stick, and provides a strong defence should they ever make it to the courts.
Closing your company with a CVL is often the best option if you believe your creditors are planning to serve a winding up petition and you cannot pay the debts.
Let Clarke Bell help you
If your company has been served a winding up petition, or you think one is on the way, you should seek professional help now.
Clarke Bell can help you find the best option available to you and your situation. Our advice is free.
If you appoint us to liquidate your company, our CVL fee is from just £1,995 +VAT.
We have been helping company directors deal with debt problems like this since 1994. Our team is both professional and friendly, and are ready to help you.
A lot of directors tell us that they wish they had dealt with their problems sooner than they eventually did.
Give us a call now, sort out your company's debt problems, and have a fresh start.


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VSS UHVC (Cryo): 19 - 125 mm Stepper Motors
UHVC (Cryo) Stepper Motors
Motors for use in vacuum should not only withstand the vacuum (no bursting of air inclusions), they must not contaminate the vacuum either. By selecting suitable materials and optimised conditioning processes phytron VSS stepper motors are ideally suited for use in a vacuum.
Through many years of experience with special materials for use in Space, we have put a focus on materials with minimal molecular outgassing and high heat resistance. This is the prerequisite for a high vacuum quality and genuine measurement results in scientific and medical applications.
For exact positioning in vacuum, stepper motors are therefore particularly suitable because they can precisely position even without sensitive feedback providers. Therefore phytron VSS stepper motors can be used in particularly challenging environmental conditions (radiation, cryo temperatures and in a modified design even in Space).
Since stepper motors do not generate jitter effects while holding a position, this technology is ideal for precisely aligning optical instruments, mirrors, antennas or samples e.g. in high-resolution microscopes, particle accelerators or molecular analysis devices. As a medium-sized company, we manufacture the VSS series in Germany and modify the standard motor to perfectly fit to your application.
- Two-phase stepper motors for applications in ultra high vacuum (Cryo) up to 10-11 mbar
- Suitable for low temperatures: He (-269 °C) or N2 (-196 °C)
- Radiation resistance up to 106 J/kg
- Stainless steel housing
- Holding torques from 3.4 mNm to 9.9 Nm
- Full steps per rotation: 500 (0,72°), 200 (1,8°), 72 (5°)
- Protection class IP 00 because of outgassing holes to avoid pockets of trapped gas
Optional:Gears, Double shaft, Temperature sensors
Customised constructions:Titanium housing - Space - Reduced magnetic emission


Can Solar Backpacks Get Wet?
Before investing in a good piece of gear like a solar backpack, it makes sense that you want to make sure it will hold up. There are a lot of different rumors, stories, and claims about how solar backpacks handle water. This article is here to answer all of your questions on the topic.
Solar backpacks are water resistant, but not waterproof. The solar panels will not be damaged from water or rain. So it's perfect fine for solar backpacks to get wet, but as with any pack you don't want an exposed electronic charging when the rain is pouring down and you're soaked.
raindrops on solar panel
Solar Power Must Be Weather Resistant
Considering that solar power by definition needs to be used outdoors, it seems odd to me that so many people wonder if solar backpacks can handle rain.
Solar backpacks are just as durable as your average backpack and many times even more so. While no backpack is likely to be 100% waterproof, solar packs are almost certainly going to be water-resistant.
KEY POINT: Basically questions about solar backpacks usually revolve around how the panels hold up. Solar panels themselves are waterproof, resilient, and designed to get through any weather!
That being said, it is important to take certain precautions. In the same way you wouldn't just jam your laptop into a backpack with no raincoat or protective poncho over the top when it was pouring rain outside, you should take all precautions when using a solar pack.
That has to do with water soaking through backpack material, not whether a pack is solar or not.
As for charging electronics while going through rain, if you have a full cover poncho so no rain is getting through then you should be fine.
Believe it or not, the solar backpacks are still pulling in solar energy during cloudy or rainy weather.
The amount being pulled in is much lower than on a sunny day, but the panels are still working to pull what little energy they can even during inclement weather.
This is a pleasant surprise for many people, as is finding out that portable solar panels can charge via LED lights indoors.
But the solar panels you will find on modern backpacks are designed to go through the wear and tear that they will see through everyday life and use.
Solar Power Made Practical Use
Solar power backpacks are meant to be reliable. Because of the long-time negative news campaigns run against solar power decades ago, there's an unfair (and normally not true) perception of solar as being unreliable.
Which means solar gear needs to work at a higher standard just to get the benefit of the doubt.
So when people ask are solar backpacks reliable the answer needs to be far more enthusiastic than a tepid yes.
This is why many items that are solar powered are built as good or even better than the standard non-solar equivalents.
Your solar backpack will be fine in the rain as long as you take the regular precautions you would with any other backpack.
Quality of Backpack Matters
As with regular backpackers, the quality of the brand of backpack you buy matters when seeing how well your solar backpack will function and hold up.
If you pay for cheap you will get cheap.
The top brand solar backpacks are exceptional. There are even companies that really focus on making solar packs for hikers and backpackers. Obviously these must be able to hold up against inclement weather.
The chances of hiking for three months without getting caught in the rain are going to be next to nothing.
Unless you're doing a desert hike, in which case you wouldn't be worrying about how rain proof or water resistant your pack is.
But if you go with a quality solar backpack, you won't have to worry about that.
We talk about some of our favorite picks for solar backpacks in the "Are solar backpacks reliable?" that we linked to a bit further up.
If you're lazy the picks basically are (with links to up to date Amazon listings):
A good solar backpack will be water resistant and the solar paneling will be just fine no matter how much the water comes down.
How Resilient Solar Panels Are in Storms: A Personal Experience
We survived the horrific Derecho in Cedar Rapids, IA back in 2020. To put the short summary, including those asking "What the heck is a Derecho?" Imagine a category 3 hurricane at full force for two to three hours slamming into the middle of the Midwest of the United States.
A place not exactly known for hurricanes, to put it mildly.
The city was smashed, and large chunks had no power for three weeks. Virtually every house within five blocks had roof damage. At least the ones that still had roofs.
Ours was undamaged. Even the "I don't know how much I trust that structure much less roof" garage (which also has some solar panels on it).
Those solar panels were like Viking shields. Terrifying new weather condition unlike any ever seen in Iowa's history?
Wind, rain, giant tree branches, the panels couldn't care less.
Granted – those are full scale solar panels for homes and buildings versus the smaller portable solar panels put onto backpacks.
But it goes to show that solar panels in all their forms aren't considered about rain, sleet, or snow.
If this seems amazing keep in mind they have already developed solar panels that harvest additional energy from rain drops.
As anyone who has watched solar grow over the past 20 years, the technology is only going to continue to get better and better.
The Verdict: Solar Backpacks Work Well in Rain
The only major difference between solar backpacks and regular packs is that the solar packs give you the option of harnessing solar power in order to charge electronics like smartphones, laptops, or tablets.
These will be just as water resistant as most well built backpacks while helping you to keep important electronics charged even when you're a long way from the nearest charging port.
As long as you stay with the proven dependable solar backpack brands you can rest easy knowing that your solar backpack will function just fine in the rain.
Hi, I'm Shane! I've always felt a passion for two worlds: one in technology and one for the great oudoors away from it. The amazing advances in solar power in my lifetime have really opened up the possibilities, and both my brother and I are deeply passionate about where solar power meets outdoor gear!
Recent Posts


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Breast Health Education Guide (Bilingual)
11 November, 2021
The Prevent Cancer Foundation's Breast Health Education for Young Women Facilitator's Guide (Guía de educación sobre la salud de los senos para mujeres jóvenes) is designed to increase young women's knowledge about breast health. Updated in 2020, this user-friendly educational tool has been used in communities far and wide to reach young women with information about breast health and breast cancer. The guide was developed to use in interactive group sessions—whether in person or virtual—and to encourage information sharing with female relatives who are age-appropriate for screening.