Efficient Zero Ring Labeling of Graphs
Authors
 - Dhenmar Enriquez Chua De La Salle University _URL_
 - Francis Joseph Hernandez CampeÃ±a De La Salle University
 - Floresto Franco Mariano Marcos State University
DOI:
_URL_
Keywords:
efficient zero ring labeling, zero ring labeling, zero ring
Abstract
A zero ring is a ring in which the product of any two elements is zero, which is the additive identity. A zero ring labeling of a graph is an assignment of distinct elements of a zero ring to the vertices of the graph such that the sum of the labels of any two adjacent vertices is not the zero element in the ring. Given a zero ring labeling of a graph, if the cardinality of the set of distinct sums obtained from all adjacent vertices is equal to the maximum degree of the graph, then the zero ring labeling is efficient. In this paper, we showed the existence of an efficient zero ring labeling for some classes of trees and their disjoint union. In particular, we showed that an efficient zero ring labeling exists for some families of the following classes of trees: path graphs, star graphs, bistars, centipede graphs, caterpillars, spiders, lobsters, and rooted trees. We also showed results for other common classes of graphs.
Author Biography
 - Francis Joseph Hernandez CampeÃ±a, De La Salle University
 Assistant Professor, Mathematics and Statistics Department
Downloads
Published
2020-07-31
Issue
Section
Nonlinear Analysis
How to Cite
Efficient Zero Ring Labeling of Graphs. (2020). European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 13(3), 674-696. _URL_
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Possible bug/omission in Numeric library?
Karl-Filip Faxen _EMAIL_
Wed, 28 Nov 2001 16:48:55 +0100
In fact, we might want to be slightly more general. Why don't go for
a general base conversion, much like Malcolms idea but without converting
every digit to a Char. Say something like
 toBase :: (Integral a) => a -> a -> [a]
 toBase base n
 | n < 0 = error "Numeric.toBase: can't convert negative numbers"
 | otherwise = theDigits n []
 where theDigits n r = let (n',d) = quotRem n base
 r' = d : r
 in if n' == 0 then r' else theDigits n' r'
Then the showInt function becomes
 showInt :: (Integral a) => a -> (Int->Char) -> a -> ShowS
 showInt base intToDig n r = foldr (\ i r -> intToDig (fromIntegral i) : r)
 (toBase base n)
but we can also use toBase by itself. We could also have an analogous
fromBase, of course.


Science Blast 2021 Mr. Walshe's 5th Class
We'd all been looking forward to Science Blast since the start of the year. Girls who had heard it from their siblings told their friends, who told their friends until the whole class knew. So, when Mr. Walshe made the announcement thoughts and questions filled the room. To help us know what to do, we watched a few videos on past Science Blasts and different scientific procedures. After a few trial and errors, the questions that we decided on were:
 - Why do we cry?
 - Could we have a sixth sense?
 - Does different music/ genres affect our sleep?
 - Do different colours affect our mood?
 - Why do we have allergies?
Each pod investigated their own question.
The first thing we did to start our investigation was to research our questions on the school Chromebooks. Next, we started experimenting. Then we moved onto our survey. Each pod conducted a survey on the class and some of us recorded them on bar charts, pie charts and graphs.
Now it was time to bring it all together. Some of us wrote our research down and put it on a poster presentation. Others out it all on a PowerPoint. A few even did a combination of both!
Finally, we presented in front of the judges. Unfortunately, due to Covid-19, we couldn't go to the RDS but thanks to Zoom, we still got to present. The first judge, Mags, judged projects 1, 2 and 3 and Gwen (the second judge) judged projects 4 and 5. The judges were really nice and managed to make the entire presentation fun and enjoyable. They gave great feedback and really helped.
To end it all we got a lovely Science Blast plaque as a reward for our hard work. Each pod took a picture with their project and the plaque. The teachers threw a special surprise giving us all ice cream. In conclusion, Science Blast 2021 was an absolute, well, BLAST!


text:
Blueprint for selecting parasite resistant sheep:
a shepherd's perspective
By Kathy Bielek
Misty Oaks Farm
The concept of selecting parasite resistant sheep is simple: consistently select the animals with the best resistance. Putting the concept into practice, however, can be more challenging. This paper will share some of the lessons learned over the last 10 years through several North Central Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (NC SARE) grants and on-farm experience. A list of the SARE grants and the breeders involved is included at the end of this blueprint.
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are one of the most limiting factors to profitable production for shepherds raising sheep on pasture. GIN are often referred to as worms, internal parasites or just parasites, but the principal GIN of concern in Ohio and much of the country is Haemonchus contortus or barber pole worm.
The most obvious GIN cost to producers is through deaths of lambs and ewes. Probably more loss occurs in lambs because of anemia, reduced appetite, slower growth, delays in reaching market weight, and less immunity to other diseases. In ewes, a parasite burden can result in decreased fertility, poor wool quality and lower milk production resulting in unthrifty lambs or pre-weaning mortality. GIN have developed resistance to available dewormers in most flocks in temperate and semi-tropical regions of the U.S. and other sheep producing regions of the world. Identifying and selecting animals, especially sires, who have genetic resistance to GIN, and the ability to transmit that resistance to their offspring, is one option for reducing economic losses related to parasitism.
Resistance to parasites is an immune response. Hair sheep breeds seem to develop immunity earlier (3-4 months in our flocks) compared to most wool sheep (5-7 months). Some sheep appear to have an innate or early resistance. This was reported by one of our advisors, Dr. Charles Parker, at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster Ohio in the 1980s. Innate resistance is what the lamb is born with, while acquired resistance is the result of the immune response being stimulated after being exposed to parasites. Lambs with innate resistance appear to have a lower FEC at an early age, before their acquired resistance has developed. These traits appear to be genetically related but separate traits. It's uncertain whether all sheep breeds express innate resistance, but it has been observed in some Katahdins, other hair sheep and Florida Natives.
Another component to resistance is the ability of some ewes to resist parasites following lambing and during lactation (the periparturient period). Most of the research has focused on identifying GIN resistance in lambs. Our on-farm research has also shown significant differences in fecal egg counts (FEC) among ewes during the periparturient period in our Katahdin flocks. Preliminary analysis of our data suggests that, although favorably correlated, resistance in ewes may
be different from resistance as a lamb. In our flocks, periparturient resistance appears to be heritable from dam to daughter. Selecting ewes that are more resistant will decrease the numbers of parasite eggs shed on a pasture during lactation, which translates to reduced pasture contamination for the lambs. Parasite resistant ewes should also produce more milk and do a better job of maintaining condition during lactation than a ewe with a high parasite load.
Resistance is not complete; even resistant sheep will have some parasites, but they will have lower levels of parasites and lower fecal egg counts (FEC) than non-resistant animals when exposed to similar levels of worm larvae on pastures. Resilient sheep, on the other hand, can tolerate higher numbers of parasites without showing anemia or significant production loss. They can have relatively high FEC (and continue to contaminate pastures) without showing signs of anemia.
There are wide variations in the level of resistance among sheep in an unselected flock. Roughly 20% of the sheep in a flock are responsible for depositing 80% of the parasite eggs on a pasture. In general, hair breeds of sheep have more individuals with resistance to parasites than wool breeds. However, regardless of the breed, there are individual animals in every flock that will be more susceptible and more resistant to parasites. Identifying these individuals allows us to make selection and culling decisions.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Let N be an n bit number. A brute force algorithm factors N by trying to divide N by all of the numbers between 2 and sqrt(N). Given that dividng two n bit integers takes O(n^2) time, what is the asymptotic running time for the brute force factoring algorithm?
$\endgroup$
2 Answers 2
1
$\begingroup$
It is $(\lfloor \sqrt{N} \rfloor-1) \cdot O(n^2) = O(\sqrt{N} \log^2 N) = O(2^{\frac{n}{2}} n^2)$ in the worst case: for each of the $O(\sqrt{N})$ choices of the dividend you perform a division of two numbers of at most $n$ bits.
(When you factor $N$ you might repeat some of the divisions, but these can be safely ignored since there can be at most $n$ repeated divisions, for a total complexity of $O(n^3) = o(2^{\frac{n}{2}} n^2)$.)
Notice that this is the best bound we can get for your question under reasonable hypotheses. Indeed, if the complexity of dividing two n-bit numbers is also $\Omega(n^2)$ and you apply the brute-force algorithm on a prime $N$:
$$ \sum_{i=2}^{\lfloor \sqrt{N} \rfloor} T(\log N, \log i) \ge \sum_{i=\lceil \sqrt{N}/2 \rceil}^{\lfloor \sqrt{N} \rfloor} T\left(\frac{1}{2}\log N - 1, \frac{1}{2}\log N - 1\right) = \Omega(\sqrt N) \cdot \Omega(\log^2 N) = \Omega(\sqrt{N} \log^2 N), $$
where $T(i,j)$ is the time it takes to divide a $i$-bit integer by a $j$-bit integer and I am assuming that $T(i,j)$ is non-decreasing w.r.t. $i$ and $j$.
$\endgroup$
0
$\begingroup$
Dividing a 128 bit number by a 64 bit number can be done in constant time. If N is a prime that doesn't fit into 128 bit then the algorithm won't finish in your life time :-) Dividing two n bit integers can be done in O (n log n) for large n.
But assuming that you use brute force division that does use $O (n^2)$ operations for a division, then you should just ask yourself how many divisions you will perform in the worst case (N is prime or the product of two primes close to $N^{1/2}$), and multiply by the number of operations per division.
You also need to be a bit more careful with the description of your algorithm: 121 is not divisible by any integer between 2 and the square root of 121. Similar, 86 is not divisible by any integer between 2 and the square root of 86.
$\endgroup$
1
 - $\begingroup$ I'm pretty sure 121 is divisible by $11 \le \lfloor \sqrt{121} \rfloor=11$ and 86 is divisible by $2 \le \lfloor \sqrt{86} \rfloor = 9$. $\endgroup$
 – Steven
 Sep 22, 2019 at 21:12
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text:
Who knew a science lesson could lead to a lesson in art appreciation or the formation of a garden club?
The new community garden at the Chattanooga Girls Leadership Academy is proving to be fertile ground for educational connections between engineering and biology, cooking and community service, and art appreciation and physics.
Last week, 65 sixth-graders and science teacher Phoebe Mount planned, built and beautified four raised garden beds with hay bale borders on a plot of land next to the school that was once a playground.
"We want to cultivate an attitude of exploration and experimentation and giving and sensitivity [at CGLA]," Mount said. "As I've asked questions and watched the girls work this week, I've really just seen that emerge in my sixth-graders."
More than a just a garden
Mount and her father, gardener and designer Andrew Smith, headed up the project through Mount's science classes.
The idea developed from what the two saw as an opportunity to pack several educational themes into one initiative to put the school's focus on interdisciplinary learning into practice. The group of 65 sixth-graders could establish a permanent fixture of the school's community that would grow through each grade's and each student's contributions to it.
"When I got to my unit on engineering design, it all sort of fell into place," Mount said. "This is not just building gardens. This was an art project and teaching the girls about how important it is to plan and build models and prototypes."
The classes began last Monday with lessons in testing soil samples for their pH levels. They moved into math in learning how to measure volume to gauge how much soil to use in the four, 30-square-foot garden beds.
The students built Styrofoam models of the beds and filled the prototypes with pinto beans. When the beans broke through the models' walls, Mount was able to explain the physics of the beans' force in breaking through the barrier and challenge the girls to invent a solution for the problem of stabilizing the walls.
They came up with the idea of braces. The students used Popsicle sticks in the classroom and, in translating the solution to plans for the actual garden beds, settled on attaching wooden stakes to the hay bales.
That addition led Mount's classes to the question of how to make the component of the design as attractive as it was functional. The students decided to paint the stakes with pictures of vegetables and fruits, which, in turn, allowed Mount to investigate the subject of art appreciation and evaluation.
In total, the basic idea of creating a community garden, which Mount hopes will become a center for the school, blossomed into an avenue through which students could extract enormous and layered education value.
"I learned how important plants and vegetables are, the bugs and the chemicals that can get on them, and the natural things you can do instead of putting pesticides on them," sixth-grader Gabby Young said.
Her classmate, Faith Frazier, reported that she learned more about being an engineer and the planning stages, complete with prototypes that are necessary to reach the final product.
Reaping what you sow
Mount explained that the sixth-graders are going to wait until after the last freeze to plant in the garden beds.
Students will first nurture seedlings in her classroom and then transplant the vegetables, herbs and fruits to the soil. The students are also now aware of the best methods of plotting out a garden, with the taller plants situated so as not to overshadow the smaller plants, based on the beds' sunshine exposure.
"After the harvest, we might cook [the vegetables and fruits] and make recipes," Yhara Mendoza, one of the sixth-graders, said.
Mount is looking into the possibility of starting a garden club to maintain the four beds and continue the learning process with adventures in the kitchen and canning the produce. Members of the club would also help her care for the garden over the summer.
The CGLA seniors are also making plans to use the garden as ground zero for community service projects.
"There are endless opportunities for everyone in this school to use these gardens," Mount said. "I'm just really excited to see what they come up with to do with what we have created."


text:
Using time- and spatially-resolved Kerr microscopy, we directly measure the spatiotemporal evolution of photoexcited local spins of a twodimensional electron gas in a modulation-doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well with a top gate electrode. The spatial pattern of spins after diffusion is controlled by a gate voltage that changes the strength of the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) field. By measuring the time dependence of spin distribution with an external magnetic field, we successfully observe a persistent spin helix state by tuning the gate voltage, and we obtain both Rashba and Dresselhauss SOI parameters separately.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)


What are Therms, CCF, and MCF?
They are all units of measure used by natural gas companies to determine how much gas you used, and therefore how much to bill you. Different markets have different default units, so you may need to convert them to get an apples-to-apples comparison. Therms are a measure of heating units, while CCF and MCF are units of volume.
Terminology
 - Btu: (British Thermal Unit) is the amount of heat it takes to raise 1 pound of water from about 39°F to 40°F
 - Therm: 1 therm equals 100,000 Btu
 - CCF: Exactly 100 cubic feet of natural gas
 - MCF: Exactly 1,000 cubic feet of natural gas, or 10 CCF
How do I convert one unit to another?
 - Therms to Btu:therms × 100,000 = Btu
 - Therms to CCF:therms × 1.037 = CCF
 - Therms to MCF:therms × 10.37 = MCF
 - CCF to Btu:CCF × 103,700 = Btu
 - CCF to Therms:CCF ÷ 1.037 = Therms
 - CCF to MCF:CCF × 10 = MCF
 - MCF to Btu:MCF × 1,037,000 = Btu
 - MCF to Therms:MCF ÷ 10.37 = Therms
 - MCF to CCF:MCF ÷ 10 = CCF
You can use our natural gas unit calculator to quickly convert any unit into another:
Amount From To
Source: _URL_


text:
How to pay VAT deposits in the simplified regime?
lun., 23 févr. 2015 17:23:00 +0000
How to pay VAT instalments under the simplified system?
Companies subject to the VAT following the actual simplified plan for imposition must, under certain circumstances, pay a deposit then file annually a VAT CA12 statement.
Since 1st January 2015, the simplified imposition plan of the VAT recognises two important changes :
- the four quarterly instalments of the VAT are replaced by two biannual instalments (July and December), when the VAT due for the year or previous year does not exceed 15,000 euros.
- and when the VAT due for the year or previous year exceeds 15,000 euros, the company must file a monthly VAT statement.
Other clarifications were made regarding new payment methods for instalments due:
- the year for VAT instalment payments depends upon the closing date of the financial year. If the financial year coincides with the calendar year, companies pay their instalments in July and December. In the opposite event, companies pay their instalments as of stop dates according to the filing month of their annual statement.
- Each instalment payment must thereafter be accompanied by a statement on which the term, amount and, if applicable, helpful information for the determination of the amount of the VAT credit deductible on fixed assets.
As a reminder, instalments are generally fixed at, respectively, 55% and 40% of the VAT due in conformance with the prior financial year.
Finally, requests for reimbursement of VAT credits must now be made on the instalment statement for July for companies for which the financial year coincides with the calendar year or on statements, as applicable, for July and December for others.
Regularisation of intervening reimbursements, for all companies, at the time of filing of the annual statement.
To know: the obligation for filing of double copies of VAT statements was eliminated as of 1st January 2015.


text:
The Silver Shark is also known as Bala Shark, Tri Color Shark Minnow, Hangus and Silver Bala. This exotic ornamental fish was imported from Thailand by the aquarium fish traders (Galib, 2010). Origin is Thailand and Malaysia (Aqualandpetplus, 2009). Life span 8-10 years and they are named sharks because of their appearance and the shape of their dorsal fin (Fishlore, 2009b). Available in aquarium shops of Dhaka, Khulna and Rajshahi city (Galib, 2010).
Species: B. melanopterus
Barbus melanopterus Bleeker, 1851
Puntius melanopterus (Bleeker, 1851)
Body elongated and laterally compressed. Body color is silvery with darkish above. Edges of dorsal, pelvic, anal and caudal fins are marked with black border. Lateral line scales are 35 in number (Galib, 2010).
Measurements of the different body lengths were obtained as follows: SL 74.67% of TL, FL 80.67% of TL, BD 22.67% of TL, HL 22.67% of TL, CP 8% of TL and Eye 35.29% of HL (Galib, 2010). Maximum size recorded 13 cm whereas 33 cm size was reported by Fishlore (2009).
Fin formula: D. 9; P1. 11; P2. 10; A. 6; C. 20.
Food and feeding
This fish is omnivorous in nature and feeds on phytoplankton, but mostly on small crustaceans, rotifers as well as insects and their larvae (Rainboth, 1996).
Breeding and gender differentiation
Gender is hard to determine, but the female may be smaller than a male Silver Shark of the same age (Fishlore, 2009).
The Silver Shark is commonly used as ornamental/aquarium fish. Retail price varied between BDT 150 and 200 per pair (Galib, 2010).
Aqualandpetplus. 2009. Caring for your new Bala Shark, Aqualand Pet Plus info on Balantiocheilus melanopterus, retrieved on December 16, 2009. _URL_
Fishlore. 2009. FishLore.com Tropical Fish Information, retrieved on December 12, 2009; _URL_
Galib, S.M. 2010. Cultured and Ornamental Exotic Fish Diversity of Bangladesh, MS dissertation, Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, 169 pp.
Rainboth, W.J. 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, 265 p.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


which points are inside the path. The default is Winding. NOTE: for now, this only affects the resulting diagram's Query, not how it will be drawn! To set the fill rule determining how it is to be drawn, use the fillRule function.
Clipping
clipBy :: (HasStyle a, V a ~ R2) => Path R2 -> a -> a Source
Clip a diagram by the given path:
 - Only the parts of the diagram which lie in the interior of the path will be drawn.
 - The envelope of the diagram is unaffected.
clipTo :: Renderable (Path R2) b => Path R2 -> Diagram b R2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
Clip a diagram to the given path setting its envelope to the pointwise minimum of the envelopes of the diagram and path. The trace consists of those parts of the original diagram's trace which fall within the clipping path, or parts of the path's trace within the original diagram.
clipped :: Renderable (Path R2) b => Path R2 -> Diagram b R2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
Clip a diagram to the clip path taking the envelope and trace of the clip path.
Shapes
Rules
hrule :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
Create a centered horizontal (L-R) line of the given length.
hruleEx = vcat' (with & sep .~ 0.2) (map hrule [1..5])
 # centerXY # pad 1.1
vrule :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
Create a centered vertical (T-B) line of the given length.
vruleEx = hcat' (with & sep .~ 0.2) (map vrule [1, 1.2 .. 2])
 # centerXY # pad 1.1
Circle-ish things
unitCircle :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => t Source
A circle of radius 1, with center at the origin.
circle :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2, Transformable t) => Double -> t Source
A circle of the given radius, centered at the origin. As a path, it begins at (r,0).
ellipse :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2, Transformable t) => Double -> t Source
ellipse e constructs an ellipse with eccentricity e by scaling the unit circle in the X direction. The eccentricity must be within the interval [0,1).
ellipseXY :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2, Transformable t) => Double -> Double -> t Source
ellipseXY x y creates an axis-aligned ellipse, centered at the origin, with radius x along the x-axis and radius y along the y-axis.
arc :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Angle -> Angle -> t Source
Given a start angle s and an end angle e, arc s e is the path of a radius one arc counterclockwise between the two angles. The origin of the arc is its center.
arc' :: (TrailLike p, V p ~ R2) => Double -> Angle -> Angle -> p Source
Given a radus r, a start angle s and an end angle e, arc' r s e is the path of a radius (abs r) arc between the two angles. If a negative radius is given, the arc will be clockwise, otherwise it will be counterclockwise. The origin of the arc is its center.
arc'Ex = mconcat [ arc' r (0 @@ turn) (1/4 @@ turn) | r <- [0.5,-1,1.5] ]
 # centerXY # pad 1.1
arcCW :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Angle -> Angle -> t Source
Like arc but clockwise.
wedge :: (TrailLike p, V p ~ R2) => Double -> Angle -> Angle -> p Source
Create a circular wedge of the given radius, beginning at the first angle and extending counterclockwise to the second.
wedgeEx = hcat' (with & sep .~ 0.5)
 [ wedge 1 (0 @@ turn) (1/4 @@ turn)
 , wedge 1 (7/30 @@ turn) (11/30 @@ turn)
 , wedge 1 (1/8 @@ turn) (7/8 @@ turn)
 ]
 # fc blue
 # centerXY # pad 1.1
arcBetween :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => P2 -> P2 -> Double -> t Source
arcBetween p q height creates an arc beginning at p and ending at q, with its midpoint at a distance of abs height away from the straight line from p to q. A positive value of height results in an arc to the left of the line from p to q; a negative value yields one to the right.
arcBetweenEx = mconcat
 [ arcBetween origin (p2 (2,1)) ht | ht <- [-0.2, -0.1 .. 0.2] ]
 # centerXY # pad 1.1
annularWedge :: (TrailLike p, V p ~ R2) => Double -> Double -> Angle -> Angle -> p Source
Create an annular wedge of the given radii, beginning at the first angle and extending counterclockwise to the second. The radius of the outer circle is given first.
annularWedgeEx = hcat' (with & sep .~ 0.50)
 [ annularWedge 1 0.5 (0 @@ turn) (1/4 @@ turn)
 , annularWedge 1 0.3 (7/30 @@ turn) (11/30 @@ turn)
 , annularWedge 1 0.7 (1/8 @@ turn) (7/8 @@ turn)
 ]
 # fc blue
 # centerXY # pad 1.1
General polygons
polygon :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => PolygonOpts -> t Source
Generate the polygon described by the given options.
polyTrail :: PolygonOpts -> Located (Trail R2) Source
Generate a polygon. See PolygonOpts for more information.
data PolygonOpts Source
Options for specifying a polygon.
Instances
Default PolygonOpts
The default polygon is a regular pentagon of radius 1, centered at the origin, aligned to the x-axis.
polyType :: Lens' PolygonOpts PolyType Source
Specification for the polygon's vertices.
polyOrient :: Lens' PolygonOpts PolyOrientation Source
Should a rotation be applied to the polygon in order to orient it in a particular way?
polyCenter :: Lens' PolygonOpts P2 Source
Should a translation be applied to the polygon in order to place the center at a particular location?
data PolyType Source
Method used to determine the vertices of a polygon.
Constructors
PolyPolar [Angle] [Double]
A "polar" polygon.
 - The first argument is a list of central angles from each vertex to the next.
 - The second argument is a list of radii from the origin to each successive vertex.
To construct an n-gon, use a list of n-1 angles and n radii. Extra angles or radii are ignored.
Cyclic polygons (with all vertices lying on a circle) can be constructed using a second argument of (repeat r).
PolySides [Angle] [Double]
A polygon determined by the distance between successive vertices and the angles formed by each three successive vertices. In other words, a polygon specified by "turtle graphics": go straight ahead x1 units; turn by angle a1; go straght ahead x2 units; turn by angle a2; etc. The polygon will be centered at the centroid of its vertices.
 - The first argument is a list of vertex angles, giving the angle at each vertex from the previous vertex to the next. The first angle in the list is the angle at the second vertex; the first edge always starts out heading in the positive y direction from the first vertex.
 - The second argument is a list of distances between successive vertices.
To construct an n-gon, use a list of n-2 angles and n-1 edge lengths. Extra angles or lengths are ignored.
PolyRegular Int Double
A regular polygon with the given number of sides (first argument) and the given radius (second argument).
data PolyOrientation Source
Determine how a polygon should be oriented.
Constructors
NoOrient
No special orientation; the first vertex will be at (1,0). This is the default.
OrientH
Orient horizontally, so the bottommost edge is parallel to the x-axis.
OrientV
Orient vertically, so the leftmost edge is parallel to the y-axis.
OrientTo R2
Orient so some edge is facing in the direction of, that is, perpendicular to, the given vector.
Star polygons
data StarOpts Source
Options for creating "star" polygons, where the edges connect possibly


Louis from Dogtopia Bloomfield
What's in a name? For our four-legged friends, a name can mean a lot. Is the name easy for them to understand? Is it memorable for others? Does it fit with their personality? Here are 5 things to consider before permanently assigning your new dog their lifelong moniker.
Best Sounds for Dogs
The key to naming your dog is making it as simple for your pet to understand when they are being called. You will want the name to start with a letter that has a sharp, distinct sound. A name that starts with a D, T or K sound will be easy for your dog to pick up. A name that starts with an S or F, which has a softer beginning, could be a little more confusing for them.
A dog's name will also work best if it ends with a sharp "a" or long "e" sound. Again, this will be more distinctive to their ears and easy for them to differentiate from other words.
Size Matters
As most dog owners know, the bulk of commands are either one or two syllables to make them as easy as possible for your pup to understand. The same logic can be applied to what you name your dog. Any name you give them that is longer than two syllables could get lost in translation from their ears to their brain.
If brevity is not your thing and you would like to give your dog a really long name, you should work out the appropriate shortened version of the name because that's what he will end up being called within a week or two. The name Sir Barksalot of Smithville might be really cute but the shortened version of it would probably end up being "Sir," which is not a distinctive word for dogs to easily recognize when you are calling for them.
Avoid Command Words
You will also want to avoid any names that sound similar or rhyme with the most common dog commands. Names that sound like "sit," "stay," "heel," "no," and "come" could be easily confused by your pup. Imagine how tough it would be to get your dog to stay if they are named "Fay" or how difficult it would be to get them to sit if their name was "Mitt".
For Public Consumption
One of the most frequent times that you are going to call out to your pup is at dog parks. Because of this, you may want to ensure your pup's name is something that you would be willing to yell out publicly. Your favourite band might be called the Doom Shackles but is that really something you want to be heard yelling out in the middle of a public space?
Breed Heritage
Need inspiration for a dog name? Take a look at their breed's heritage. Is your pup a Corgi? Perhaps a Welsh name after the country that made the breed famous. Is your dog a Weimaraner? How about a name reflecting their German background?
In the end, these are all just suggestions for the naming of your pup. Let your imagination flow and pick a name the whole family will love. Just be sure to make the name as easy for your pup to learn as possible. It can be one of the keys to setting up the best communication possible between you and your dog.


text:
MANILA — The next administration should implement the country's renewable energy (RE) program that will help ease the power situation, at the same time ensuring the protection of the environment.
Vice presidential candidate and Senator Ferdinand Marcos Jr. is convinced that the program offers the best solution to avert power crisis and address an ever-increasing energy demand.
"We need to boost our renewable energy program and this should be prioritized to ensure economic development while protecting our environment," said the lawmaker, who advocates for renewable energy, adding that the next administration must increase the country's RE capacity targets to make it at least 50 percent by 2030.
At present, some 70 percent of the nation's electricity is generated from fossil fuels, 90 percent of which are imported. Experts have predicted that if the country remains to be coal and oil-dependent, Filipinos should expect higher power costs because of the steady increase in the prices of these fossil fuels in the world market.
"The next administration should be aggressive in increasing our renewable energy programs by encouraging companies to build more solar, wind and hydrogen power plants," Marcos said in a statement.
He noted it can be done by giving them additional perks on their investments and cutting bureaucratic red tape.
Currently, the Bureau of Investments (BOI) gives incentives to RE companies which include income tax holiday for seven years and duty-free importation of renewable energy machinery.
"Our government needs to give support for research and investigation of possible sites for RE endeavors and pilot locations as well as give them more tax exemptions in the production aspect," he added.
In 2003, Marcos helped build the first wind farms in Southeast Asia while he was governor of Ilocos Norte. The wind farms have become the country's flagship projects for renewable energy.
At the Senate, he authored Senate Bill No. 2953 or the Act creating a Hydrogen Research and Development Center to support and encourage the use and development of hydrogen as an alternative source of energy. PNA/northboundasia.com


Main Content
Duration in days
D = days(X) returns an array of days equivalent to the values in X.
 - If X is a numeric array, then D is a duration array in units of fixed-length days. A fixed-length day is equal to 24 hours.
 - If X is a duration array, then D is a double array with each element equal to the number of fixed-length (24-hour) days in the corresponding element of X.
The days function converts between duration and double values. To display a duration in units of days, set its Format property to 'd'.
collapse all
X = magic(2);
D = days(X)
D = 2x2 duration
 1 day 3 days
 4 days 2 days
Add each number of fixed-length days to the current date and time.
t = datetime('now') + D
t = 2x2 datetime
 24-Feb-2021 14:52:50 26-Feb-2021 14:52:50
 27-Feb-2021 14:52:50 25-Feb-2021 14:52:50
Create a duration array.
X = hours(23:20:95) + minutes(45)
X = 1x4 duration
 23.75 hr 43.75 hr 63.75 hr 83.75 hr
Convert each duration in X to a number of days.
D = days(X)
D = 1×4
 0.9896 1.8229 2.6562 3.4896
Input Arguments
collapse all
Input array, specified as a numeric array, duration array, or logical array.
 - days creates fixed-length (24 hour) days. To create days that account for Daylight Saving Time shifts when used in calendar calculations, use the caldays function.
Extended Capabilities
See Also
Introduced in R2014b


text:
Young Geun Kim, Minyong Kim, and Sung Woo Chung, "Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Multimedia Applications in Heterogeneous Mobile Multi-core Processors", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. _PHONE_, November 2017.
Recent smart devices have adopted heterogeneous multi-core processors which have high-performance big cores and low-power small cores. Unfortunately, the conventional task scheduler for heterogeneous multi-core processors does not provide appropriate amount of CPU resources for multimedia applications (whose QoS is important to users), resulting in energy waste; it often executes multimedia applications and non-multimedia applications on the same core. In this paper, we propose an advanced task scheduler for heterogeneous multi-core processors, which provides appropriate amount of CPU resources for multimedia applications. Our proposed task scheduler isolates multimedia applications from non-multimedia applications at runtime, exploiting the fact that multimedia applications have a specific thread for video/audio playback (to play video/audio, a multimedia application should use a function that generates the specific thread). Since multimedia applications usually require a smaller amount of CPU resources than non-multimedia applications due to dedicated hardware decoders, our proposed task scheduler allocates the former to the small cores and the latter to the big cores. In our experiments on an Android-based development board, our proposed task scheduler saves system-wide (not just CPU) energy consumption by 8.9%, on average, compared to the conventional task scheduler, preserving QoS of multimedia applications. In addition, it improves performance of non-multimedia applications by 13.7%, on average, compared to the conventional task scheduler.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


same effect:
use 5.10.0;
sub count {state $counter; return ++ $counter}
say count (); # Prints 1
say count (); # Prints 2
state variables were introduced in Perl 5.10.
Alternatively, you can achieve a similar static effect by declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, e.g.,
sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
{ my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
The use of my() in a false conditional has been deprecated in Perl 5.10, and became a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
Reading/writing bytes from/to :utf8 handles.
In Perl 5.30, it will no longer be possible to use sysread(), recv(), syswrite() or send() to read or send bytes from/to :utf8 handles.
Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter.
A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a language to be a character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme may actually be several adjacent characters that together form a complete grapheme. For example, there can be a base character, like "R" and an accent, like a circumflex "^", that appear to be a single character when displayed, with the circumflex hovering over the "R".
As of Perl 5.30, use of delimiters which are non-standalone graphemes is fatal, in order to move the language to be able to accept multi-character graphemes as delimiters.
Also, as of Perl 5.30, delimiters which are unassigned code points but that may someday become assigned are prohibited. Otherwise, code that works today would fail to compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being something that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is never going to assign non-character code points, nor code points that are above the legal Unicode maximum, those can be delimiters.
Perl 5.28
Attributes :locked and :unique
The attributes :locked (on code references) and :unique (on array, hash and scalar references) have had no effect since Perl 5.005 and Perl 5.8.8 respectively. Their use has been deprecated since.
As of Perl 5.28, these attributes are syntax errors. Since the attributes do not do anything, removing them from your code fixes the syntax error; and removing them will not influence the behaviour of your code.
Bare here-document terminators
Perl has allowed you to use a bare here-document terminator to have the here-document end at the first empty line. This practise was deprecated in Perl 5.000; as of Perl 5.28, using a bare here-document terminator throws a fatal error.
You are encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document:
print <<"";
 Print this line.
# Previous blank line ends the here-document.
Setting $/ to a reference to a non-positive integer
You assigned a reference to a scalar to $/ where the referenced item is not a positive integer. In older perls this appeared to work the same as setting it to undef but was in fact internally different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have resulted in your file being split by a stringified form of the reference.
In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be exactly the same as setting $/ to undef, with the exception that this warning would be thrown.
As of Perl 5.28, setting $/ to a reference of a non-positive integer throws a fatal error.
You are recommended to change your code to set $/ to undef explicitly if you wish to slurp the file.
Limit on the value of Unicode code points.
Unicode only allows code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl allows much larger ones. Up till Perl 5.28, it was allowed to use code points exceeding the maximum value of an integer (IV_MAX). However, that did break the perl interpreter in some constructs, including causing it to hang in a few cases. The known problem areas were in tr///, regular expression pattern matching using quantifiers, as quote delimiters in qX...X (where X is the chr() of a large code point), and as the upper limits in loops.
The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24; as of Perl 5.28 using a code point exceeding IV_MAX throws a fatal error.
If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the upper limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit word sizes than 32-bit ones. For 32-bit integers, IV_MAX equals 0x7FFFFFFF, for 64-bit integers, IV_MAX equals 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
Use of comma-less variable list in formats.
It was allowed to use a list of variables in a format, without separating them with commas. This usage has been deprecated for a long time, and as of Perl 5.28, this throws a fatal error.
Use of \N{}
Use of \N{} with nothing between the braces was deprecated in Perl 5.24, and throws a fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
Since such a construct is equivalent to using an empty string, you are recommended to remove such \N{} constructs.
Using the same symbol to open a filehandle and a dirhandle
It used to be legal to use open() to associate both a filehandle and a dirhandle to the same symbol (glob or scalar). This idiom is likely to be confusing, and it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
Using the same symbol to open() a filehandle and a dirhandle throws a fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
You should be using two different symbols instead.
${^ENCODING} is no longer supported.
The special variable ${^ENCODING} was used to implement the encoding pragma. Setting this variable to anything other than undef was deprecated in Perl 5.22. Full deprecation of the variable happened in Perl 5.25.3.
Setting this variable to anything other than an undefined value throws a fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
This method, which just calls B::Concise::b_terse, has been deprecated, and disappeared in Perl 5.28. Please use B::Concise instead.
Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%s() is no longer allowed
As an (ahem) accidental feature, AUTOLOAD subroutines were looked up as methods (using the _USER_ hierarchy) even when the subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. Foo::bar()), not as methods (e.g. Foo->bar() or $obj->bar()).
This bug was deprecated in Perl 5.004, has been rectified in Perl 5.28 by using method lookup only for methods' AUTOLOADs.
In code that currently says use AutoLoader; _USER_ = qw(AutoLoader); you should remove AutoLoader from _USER_ and change use AutoLoader; to use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';.
Use of code points over 0xFF in string bitwise operators
The string bitwise operators, &, |, ^, and ~, treat their operands as strings of bytes. As such, values above 0xFF are nonsensical. Using such code points with these operators was deprecated in Perl 5.24, and is fatal as of Perl 5.28.
In XS code, use of to_utf8_case()
This function has been removed as of Perl 5.28; instead convert to call the appropriate one of: toFOLD_utf8_safe. toLOWER_utf8_safe, toTITLE_utf8_safe, or toUPPER_utf8_safe.
Perl 5.26
--libpods in Pod::Html
Since Perl 5.18, the option --libpods has been deprecated, and using this option did not do anything other than producing a warning.
The --libpods option is no longer recognized as of Perl 5.26.
The utilities c2ph and pstruct
These old, perl3-era utilities have been deprecated in favour of h2xs for a long time. As of Perl 5.26, they have been removed.
Trapping $SIG {__DIE__} other than during program exit.
Perl never issued a deprecation warning for this; the deprecation was by documentation policy only. But this deprecation has been lifted as of Perl 5.26.
Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded in legal UTF-8. The %s is replaced by a string that can be used by knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked against was.
Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and became fatal in Perl 5.26.
Perl 5.24
Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE}
The use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} was deprecated in Perl 5.8. The intention was to use *glob{IO} instead, for which *glob{FILEHANDLE} is an alias.
However, this feature was undeprecated in Perl 5.24.
Calling POSIX::%s() is deprecated
The following functions in


text:
Company Overview: We are a dynamic and innovative Technology SaaS company at the forefront of industry transformation. Our cutting-edge solutions empower businesses to thrive in the digital age. As we continue to expand, we are seeking a skilled and experienced Part-Time Finance Director to join our team remotely in the UK.
As the Finance Director focused on Investor Relations and Fundraising, you will be a key player in our growth journey, responsible for attracting investment capital and building strong relationships with investors.
This role presents an exciting opportunity to contribute to our financial strategy while enjoying the flexibility of remote work.
Position: Part-Time Finance Director
Location: Fully Remote (UK) Type: Part-Time
Role and Responsibilities:
As the Part-Time Finance Director, you will play a pivotal role in shaping our financial strategy and ensuring the long-term financial sustainability of the organisation. You will work closely with our executive team and contribute to key decision-making processes. Your responsibilities will include:
- Financial Strategy and Planning:
- Collaborate with the executive team to develop and execute financial strategies aligned with business objectives.
- Lead the budgeting and forecasting processes, providing accurate and insightful financial projections.
- Monitor financial performance and variances, analyzing trends and making strategic recommendations.
- Financial Reporting and Analysis:
- Prepare comprehensive financial reports, including profit and loss statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements.
- Provide actionable insights based on financial analysis to support strategic decision-making.
- Ensure compliance with accounting standards, regulations, and reporting requirements.
- Cash Management and Risk Mitigation:
- Manage cash flow and liquidity, optimizing working capital efficiency.
- Identify and manage financial risks, implementing strategies to mitigate potential issues.
- Oversee credit control and collections to maintain healthy cash flow.
- Financial Operations:
- Supervise day-to-day financial operations, including invoicing, payments, and expense management.
- Implement efficient financial processes and controls to maintain accuracy and transparency.
- Ensure timely and accurate payroll processing.
- Financial Leadership:
- Lead, mentor, and develop a small finance team, fostering a culture of collaboration and continuous improvement.
- Act as a strategic partner to the executive team, providing financial insights to drive growth and innovation.
- Present financial performance updates and recommendations to the board of directors.
- Fundraising Strategy:
- Collaborate with the executive team to formulate a fundraising strategy aligned with the company's growth objectives.
- Identify potential sources of funding, including venture capital, angel investors, and strategic partnerships.
- Evaluate and recommend the optimal funding mix to support the company's expansion plans.
- Pitch Development:
- Develop our data-driven pitch materials that effectively communicate the company's value proposition, growth potential, and financial outlook.
- Craft persuasive investor presentations and financial models that showcase the startup's vision and opportunities.
- Investor Due Diligence:
- Lead due diligence processes, working closely with legal, finance, and operations teams to ensure smooth and thorough investor reviews.
- Prepare necessary documents and information to address investor inquiries and concerns.
- Negotiation and Deal Closure:
- Negotiate investment terms and conditions, balancing the interests of the company and investors.
- Coordinate legal and financial aspects of fundraising agreements, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements.
- Financial Strategy Alignment:
- Collaborate with the CFO and finance team to ensure fundraising initiatives align with the company's overall financial strategy.
- Provide insights to the executive team based on investor feedback and market trends.
Qualifications and Experience:
- Qualified accountant (ACA, ACCA, CIMA) with a strong academic record.
- Proven experience as a Finance Director or similar senior finance role, preferably within the Technology SaaS industry.
- Solid understanding of SaaS business models, recurring revenue, and subscription-based pricing.
- Exceptional analytical, financial modeling, and forecasting skills.
- Proficient in financial software and tools.
- Strong leadership and team management abilities.
- Excellent communication skills with the ability to present complex financial information clearly to non-finance stakeholders.
- Comfortable working independently and remotely, demonstrating self-motivation and time management skills.
- Proven track record in fundraising and investor relations within the startup ecosystem.
- Demonstrated ability to attract investment capital and close funding rounds.
- Strong financial modeling and valuation skills.
Why Join Us:
- Be part of a forward-thinking and dynamic team driving technological innovation.
- Enjoy the flexibility of remote work with a strong emphasis on work-life balance.
- Contribute to shaping the financial direction of a growing SaaS organization.
- Collaborate with industry experts and gain exposure to cutting-edge technologies.
If you are an experienced finance professional looking for a challenging and rewarding part-time opportunity, we encourage you to apply. Join us in our mission to revolutionize the technology landscape while achieving personal and professional growth.
To apply, please submit your CV and a cover letter detailing your relevant experience and motivation for the role. We look forward to reviewing your application.


text: The formation of giant shallow craters was found on the surface of lithium triborate single crystals after the bombardment by argon cluster ions. The diameter of these craters varied from a few dozen nanometers to 500 nm that is more than an order of magnitude greater than the diameter of common gas cluster ion craters. As distinct from the craters produced by an individual cluster ion impact, anomalous ones were revealed only at the high ion fluence (i.e. at multiple overlapped cluster impacts), both in the high and low incident energy-per-atom bombardment modes (E/N = 105 and 10 eV/atom, respectively). Such anomalous sputtering can be a result of a high local energy release in the cluster-solid collision spots coupled with the presence of water molecules in the subsurface layer of hygroscopic borate-base single crystals.


Great white sharks attack prey under cover of sun
Life 27 February 2015
New Scientist Default Image
You won't see me coming…
(Image: Brian J. Skerry/National Geographic Creative)
Daa dum. Daa dum. You'll never look at the sun setting over water in the same way again. Great white sharks exploit the angle of the sun to hunt down their prey, perhaps concealing themselves in the reflected glare. This is the first time any non-human animal has been shown to use the sun as part of its hunting strategy, say the authors of a new study.
It's common knowledge that sharks like to hunt at dawn and dusk. But Charlie Huveneers, from Flinders University in Australia and colleagues wanted to test if the sun's low position on the horizon may play a role in why they hunt at those times.
So they sailed 30 kilometres offshore from South Australia and lured great white sharks to their boat using trails of fish oil and minced fish. Then they threw 6-kilogram chunks of tuna into the water and watched how the sharks approached it when attacking.
They recorded 44 different great white sharks making 1000 approaches, 37 of which were actual attacks. It turned out that during an attack sharks tended to come in from the direction of the sun: in the morning they were more likely to approach from the east and in the evening from the west.
When the sun was hidden by cloud, there was no association between the sun's position and the angle of approach, another indicator that the sharks were intentionally exploiting the sun's direction when it was useful.
There are a lot of reasons the sharks could benefit from approaching with the sun behind them. It could be that the prey are better lit from that angle or perhaps their view of the shark is obscured by the glaring sun.
"With the sun in the eyes of the prey, their pupils contract," says Rob Harcourt from Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, who was not involved in the study.
Harcourt thinks it's probably a combination of all those things that dictate the sharks' strategy. "In almost all biology, there are often multiple contributing factors," he says.
Also, an approach from the direction of the sun would conceal the shark in the glare reflecting off the water when prey have their head above the surface – like birds or even surfers.
"I surf every day at Bondi [beach] and in the mornings the sun is rising over the water," says Harcourt. "The sun is a lot brighter above the water so hunting that way would make sense."
Journal Reference: The American Naturalist, DOI: 10.1086/680010
More on these topics:


The Banana aroma is a scent that everyone knows well, but that few are able to identify in a blind smell test. If this aroma is weak, and it is part of a complex aromatic bouquet, it is more difficult to identify, but it gives a pleasant and important aromatic personality to the product being tasted.
In Beer, banana is a scent that is associated with the high fermentation process. It is a positive attribute in certain styles of beer (for example Weiss beer), but can also be considered a defect due to poor control methods in the fermentation process of other beer styles.
In Chocolate, it is one of the most typical fruit aromas found in cocoa beans. It is usually a more green scentthat of the unripe banana. It is frequently present in Nacional cocoa from Ecuador and Trinitario cocoa from Venezuela.
In Extra Virgin Olive Oil, the banana aroma is typical of many high-quality oils made from ripe olives. For example, it is often very evident in the Arbosana cultivar.
Click here to discover Chocolate Aromas, here for Extra Virgin Olive Oil Aromas.
Beer Aromas, coming soon!


text:
Authors: Yadav P. Khanal; Ralph O. Buchal
Addresses: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada ' Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
Abstract: This paper describes the application of a multi-perspective object-oriented abstraction in the design of a technical system to address the issues of bounded rationality and to simulate human cognitive coupling. Three major assumptions have been taken in the development of the framework: object representation, classification of objects based on their properties, and bounded rationality. Four rules pertaining to the multi-perspective design method are derived to establish the framework by adopting the function modelling approach. The framework supports the cognitive coupling and uncoupling of multiple perspectives to help designers understand system interactions without suffering cognitive overload. The framework provides guidance for the development of computer tools to support human designers.
Keywords: object-oriented abstraction; multi-perspective abstraction; bounded rationality; design method; function modelling; cognitive coupling; technical system design; object representation; object classification.
Journal of Design Research, 2011 Vol.9 No.4, pp.376 - 389
Available online: 26 Oct 2011 *Full-text access for editors Access for subscribers Purchase this article Comment on this article


text:
Department of Pharmacognosy, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak
Received: 22 Jan 2018, Revised and Accepted: 08 Apr 2018
Objective: The present study was aimed at the evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of ipomeaaquatica against Indian earthworm Pheretimaposthuma.
Methods: Four concentrations (25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml) were tested and results were expressed in terms of time for paralysis and time of the death of worms. In this study, Albendazole was used as a standard drug.
Results: Ethanolic leaf extract of ipomea aquatic showed significant activity at higher concentrations when compared to standard group (Albendazole).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomeaaquaticahas shown more significant anthelmintic activity when compared to Albendazole against Indian earthworm Pheretimaposthuma.
Keywords: Anthelmintic activity, ipomeaaquatica, Albendazole, Ethanolic extract, Pheretimaposthuma
© 2018 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (_URL_
Helminthic infections are among the commonest infections in man, affecting a large proportion of the world's population. In developing countries they pose a major threat to public health and contribute to the prevalence of malnutrition, anaemia, eosinophilia, and pneumonia. Anthelmintics are drugs that either kill or expel infesting helminths and the gastrointestinal tract is the abode of many helminths, although some also live in tissues, or their larvae migrate into tissues. They harm the host by depriving him of food, causing blood loss, injury to organs, intestinal or lymphatic obstruction and by secreting toxins. Helminthiasis is rarely fatal but is a major cause of morbidity .
Helminthiasis is a macro parasitic disease observed in humans and animals in which a part of the body is infested with parasitic worms such as Roundworms (Nematodes), Tapeworms (Cestodes) or Flukes (Trematodes). Typically the worm's reside in the GI Tract. Anthelmintics are drugs that destroy or expel parasitic intestinal worms from the body, byeithervermifuges (stunning) or vermicides (killing). Most of the existing anthelminthics produce side effects such as abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and diarrohea. Since ancient times herbal drugs are used for the treatment of parasitic diseases in a human without any side effects. To eradicate the side effects of the present allopathic drugs now scientist are moving towards the herbal drugs what our ancient peoples used .
The gastrointestinal helminthes become resistant to currently available anthelmintic drugs, therefore, there is a foremost problem in the treatment of helminthes diseases. Hence there is an increasing demand towards natural anthelmintics .
Ipomoea aquatica is a semiaquatic, tropical plant grown as a vegetable for its tender shoots and leaves. It is found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, although it is not known where it originated. This plant is known in English as water spinach, river spinach, water morning glory, water convolvulus, or by the more ambiguous names Chinese spinach, Chinese Watercress, Chinese convolvulus, swamp cabbage or kangkong in Southeast Asia .
Ipomoea aquatica grows in water or on moist soil. Its stems are 2–3 metres (7–10 ft) or longer, rooting at the nodes, and they are hollow and can float. The leaves vary from typically sagittate (arrowhead-shaped) to lanceolate, 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 2–8 cm (0.8–3 in) broad. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, 3–5 cm (1–2 in) in diameter, and usually white in colour with a mauve centre. Propagation is either by planting cuttings of the stem shoots that will root along nodes or planting the seeds from flowers that produce seed pods [5, 6].
Water spinach, Ipomoea aquaticaForssk. (Convolvulaceae), is an aquatic or semi-aquatic Edible herb . I. aquatica is used traditionally against various disorders like diabetes, liver malfunction, constipation and in the treatment of arsenic and heavy metal poisoning [7, 8] Literature reviews revealed the occurrence of significant amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoids,saponins, β-carotene and ascorbic acid in I. Aquatica . Genus Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) are used in traditional system of medicine all over the world and species Ipomoea aquaticaForsk widely used as ailment in the treatment of liver diseases (9) and constipation IA contains several phytoconstituents such as vitamins, including A, B, C, E, and "U" (S-methyl methionine) and is used to treat gastric and intestinal Disorders .
Collection of plant material
Ipomeaaquatica leaves were collected in the month of August 2017 frommarvellyvillage, vatpallymandal, sangareddy Dist of Telangana, India. The plant was authenticated by D. Venkateshwara Rao, Deputy Director, Telangana. Forest Academy, Dullapally, Hyderabad, Rangareddy District. The fresh leaves were collected, removed all earthy matter, washed, shade, dried and powdered by a pulverizer.
Collection of worms
Pheritimaposthuma (earthworms) were collected from the manure and identified and washed with water to remove all kinds of dirty water from them.
Chemicals and drugs used
Ethanol, Normal saline, Albendazole
Preparation of plant extract
The leaves of the plant were dried under shade and crushed in a pulverizer and powdered. The powdered plant extracted with ethanol in Soxhlet apparatus for 72 h after completion of the extraction, the extracts were cooled at room temperature and filtered and evaporated to dryness using rotary evaporator.
The freshly prepared leaf extract of IAF was qualitatively tested for the presence of chemical constituents. Phytochemical screening of the extract was performed using the following reagents and chemicals: Alkaloids with Mayer's, Hager's and Dragendorffs reagent; Flavonoids with the use of sodium acetate, ferric chloride, amyl alcohol; Phenolic compounds and tannins with lead acetate and gelatin; carbohydrate with Molish's, Fehling's and Benedict's reagent; proteins and amino acids with Millon's, Biuret and xantho protein test. Saponins were tested using hemolysis method; Gum was tested using Molishs reagent and Ruthenium red; Coumarin by 10% sodium hydroxide and Quinones by Concentrated Sulphuric acid. These were identified by characteristic color changes using standard procedures .
These were identified by characteristic colour changes using standard procedures.
The screening results were as follows: Alkaloids +ve; Carbohydrates +ve; Proteins and amino acids +ve; Steroids -ve; Sterols +ve; Phenols +ve; Flavonoids +ve; Gums and mucilage +ve; Glycosides +ve; Saponins –ve; Terpenes +ve and Tannins +ve Where +ve and –ve indicates the presence and absence of compounds.
Preparation of concentrations
The ethanolic extract of Ipomeaaquatica made into four different concentrations such as 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml by dissolving in normal saline. The standard control group Albendazole was prepared by using 0.5% w/v Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) as a suspending agent.
Evaluation of anthelmintic activity
The anthelmintic activity was carried according to the standard method [13-15]. Adult Indian earthworm Pheretimaposthuma has an anatomical and physiological resemblance to the intestinal roundworm parasites of human beings. Indian earthworms were placed in a Petridish containing different concentrations (25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml) of ethanolic extract of Ipomeaaquatica and standard drug Albendazole. Each Petri dish contains earthworms and observed for time of paralysis as well as time death. Time of paralysis recorded when no movement of any sort could be observed, except when the worm was shaken vigorously as well as the time of death was recorded after ascertaining that worms neither moved when shaken. Finally, the test results were compared with standard reference compound Albendazole.
Preliminary phytochemical screening of Ipomeaaquatica indicates presence of carbohydrate, alkaloid, flavonoids, proteins and amino acids. ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomeaaquatica shows significant effect on Pheretimaposthuma. Higher concentrations of Ipomea aquatic extracts


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Virtual 69th Annual - 14th Biennial Joint Conference of the
WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOCIATION &
EUROPEAN WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOCIATION
August 31 – September 2, 2021
WDA/EWDA Joint Conference is going Virtual!
JOIN US FOR WILDLIFE HEALTH!!
Call for abstracts now open!
EXTENDED Deadline for submission: April 30, 2021
The Virtual 69th WDA - 14th EWDA Joint Conference will be organized around the topic "Managing Wildlife Diseases for Sustainable Ecosystems"
This Conference will be a stimulating forum for discussion and exchange by wildlife, health and ecology professionals from around the world. Set within the amazing environment of the Wildlife Disease Association community, the conference promises to provide the perfect framework to learn about wildlife disease management as well as present new discoveries and developments in all fields of Wildlife Health.
Professionals working in any aspect of wildlife health and/or wildlife disease management as well as students, researchers or those concerned with the wild-domestic animal interface or the wildlife-human interface are invited to this unique opportunity to share their knowledge.
We also especially encourage students to contribute their work and take the opportunity to share their viewpoints with specialists. Student contributions are assigned space in specific sections and the best oral and poster presentations will be awarded.
For abstract submission guidelines please consult further information at: _URL_
Find everything about the Virtual Conference at: _URL_
Download a PDF Call for Abstracts HERE
Organizers: Spanish Game & Wildlife Research Institute (IREC)
Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group
Ronda de Toledo, 12; 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain


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Bipedalism didn't evolve as a way for ancient humans to keep cool during the heat of the day, according to a new model published today (December 12) in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. But once hominins did start walking on two feet, it ignited another change that allowed them to stay cool—the loss of body hair. The new model explains why similarly sized mammals that walk on all fours and that may tend to overheat have not given up their coats.
"If you are already walking upright for other reasons it actually makes the advantage you get from losing hair bigger than if you were on four legs," said David Wilkinson of John Moores University in Liverpool, who authored the study along with Graeme Ruxton of the University of Glasgow. "You are moving more of your body up above the ground and sweat evaporates more easily" than it can if you were on all fours, because more air will circulate around you, Wilkinson explained.
Wilkinson and Ruxton came to this conclusion after analyzing a mathematical model of body temperatures during activity at different times of the day for quadrupeds and bipeds with and without fur. The model is an update to a previous theory by Peter Wheeler also of John Moores University, who proposed that both hair loss and bipedalism were driven by our need to cool down. His theory was that switching from four to two feet would reduce the amount of an animal's body in direct sun and thus increase its ability to stay cool.
But Wheeler left out a critical factor, Wilkinson said—animal movement. Stationary animals could just hang out in the shade during the peak of the day to avoid overheating, he noted, while activities such as foraging likely forced early humans into direct sunlight more often.
Taking movement into account, Wilkinson and Ruxton's model predicted that modern human ancestors would generate much more body heat metabolically as they traveled and hunted than the sun could cause, suggesting that standing upright to avoid the sun, as Wheeler's model proposed, would have done little to fight overheating.
"In Peter's models, he had a nice thermal advantage to standing upright," said Wilkinson, "but now that vanishes in our version of the model."
The new model further showed that four-legged creatures do not shed body heat as quickly when they lose their fur, suggesting that the loss of body hair would only have been a significant advantage to ancient humans if they were already walking on two feet. Thus, Wilkinson and Ruxton argue that bipedalism arose first—for some reason other than heat loss, such as improved observation of dangers, appearing larger to predators, or freeing the hands for tool use and carrying—then hair loss began, as a way to combat overheating.
The addition of animal movement to the model was key, said Sarah Elton of the Hull York Medical School, UK, who was not involved in the study. "In any environment you move between parts that are shaded and parts that are in open sun…. sometimes you are sheltered from the wind or not."
But while Elton is generally in praise of the model, she pointed out that, "at the end of the day, it is just a model and models stand and fall on the type of evidence and also on the sensitivity of the model itself," or the degree to which it is affected by variations in the assumed parameters, such as the climate, early humans' movements, availability of shade, and so on. "There are other ideas" about why humans may have dropped their body fur, such as selective pressures imposed by the opposite sex, like a preference for hair-free mates.
Markus Rantala of the University of Turku, Finland, who was not convinced by Ruxton and Wilkinson's model, offered another theory. "My personal opinion is that only selection caused by ectoparasites is able to explain the origin of human nakedness in a satisfactory way," he said in an email. As humans began to live in fixed home bases and in close quarters, many parasites such as lice and fleas would have flourished. "As the ectoparasite burden on hominids increased, having fewer parasites may have become more important for survival than a warm fur coat," Rantala said. Less body hair makes ectoparasites easier to spot and pick off.
Rantala also asks why, if the Ruxton-Wilkinson model is correct, did our ancestors not regain hair when they migrated to northern latitudes with cooler climates, about two million years ago. "Our skin color changed but we did not regain the hair," he said. "There must have been other selective benefits to being naked than just thermoregulatory reasons."
But by that time, humans may have gained other ways to keep warm, Wilkinson argued. "One possibility is that by the time humans were migrating they probably had fire and possibly clothing." Although Wilkinson believes in the new model, he's not surprised that there is some disagreement in the field. "Human evolution is an argumentative area of science," he said. " It always has been."
G.D. Ruxton, D.M. Wilkinson, "Avoidance of overheating and selection for both hair loss and bipedality in hominins," PNAS, doi: 10.1073/pnas._PHONE_, 2011.


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Using Resource Manager to View the Inventory Data Video
This is an introduction video on using the Resource Manager. You can use the Resource Manager to view all of the inventory data for a single resource using the Symantec Management Console. The Resource Manager displays basic inventory, more detailed inventory data that the Inventory Solution gathers, status of the inventory data, and custom data of the managed computer.
For more information, please see the article the following location:


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Skip Maine state header navigation
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|Home | Contact Us|
SPRINGTAILS AND SNOWFLEAS
Springtails belong to the insect order Collembola, a primitive group of small wingless, soft bodied insects which possess a forked muscular structure at the tip of the abdomen that enable them to hop about in a springing action when the abdomen is arched and suddenly released. In Maine we commonly experience local outbreaks of two species which we call snowfleas that become most abundant during spring thaws when they swarm on the surface of the snow and ground. The title is misleading as they do not bite but are so named because of their ability to jump. Although colors vary in any one species, we have found that in most cases our two "snowfleas" are of consist color when swarming. The two that we encounter most often are the typical and more common snowflea, Hypogastrura nivicola Fitch, which is sooty or gunpowder (dull) black. Their swarms can literally blanket the surface of the snow. They may also become abundant on the ground during prolonged rainy spells in the spring or fall. The other less common species we have called the snowmelt springtail, Hypogastrura armata Nicolet, which is rusty or bloodmeal (dull) red. This species occurs most often along roads or trails in the spring where it too accumulates in massive numbers in and around pools of water produced by melting snows.
Springtails frequent damp or wet locations and during much of the year occur in decaying leaves, moss, or loose soil and underneath the loose bark of trees, where most species feed on microscopic fungi and algae. They occur abundantly in the moist soil, especially in woodland humus.
Control measures are not usually recommended or required. Swarms are short lived and don't last more than a few days. Swarming around foundations and doorways can be prevented by eliminating excess moisture and keeping ground level entrance areas of buildings free of rotting leaves and debris. Snowfleas or springtails are not likely to survive long in a dry indoor environment.
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
|Copyright © 2005 All rights reserved.|


This Article
 Bibliographic References
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Big Island, Hawaii
January 06-January 09
ISBN: 0-7695-1874-5
Liang Qin, Carleton University
Thomas Kunz, Carleton University
Most existing on-demand mobile ad hoc network routing protocols continue using a route until a link breaks. During the route reconstruction, packets can be dropped, which will cause significant throughput degradation. In this paper, we add a link breakage prediction algorithm to the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol. The mobile node uses signal power strength from the received packets to predict the link breakage time, and sends a warning to the source node of the packet if the link is soon-to-be-broken. The source node can perform a pro-active route rebuild to avoid disconnection. Experiments demonstrate that adding link breakage prediction to DSR can significantly reduce the total number of dropped data packets (by at least 20%). The tradeoff is an increase in the number of control messages by at most 33.5%. We also found that the pro-active route maintenance does not cause significant increase in average packet latency and average route length. Enhanced route cache maintenance based on the link status can further reduce the number of dropped packets.
Liang Qin, Thomas Kunz, "Increasing Packet Delivery Ratio in DSR by Link Prediction," hicss, vol. 9, pp.300a, 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'03) - Track 9, 2003


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Synonyms and other taxonomic changes
Timema chumash Hebard, 1920
Explanation of Names
The epithet chumash
refers to the Chumash people
, a Native American tribe that inhabited an area including where this species is found.
San Gabriel Mnts, San Bernardino Mnts, San Jacinto, and northern Santa Rosa Mnts. [Vickery(1993)]
April to June (rarely as late as August). [Vickery(1993)]
Recorded host plants include: ceanothus (Ceanothus spp.), chamise (Adenostoma spp.), manzanita (Arctostaphylos), mountain mahogony (Cercocarpus spp.), oak (Quercus spp.).
Burrows, Malcolm (2008). Jumping in a wingless stick insect, Timema chumash
(Phasmatodea, Timematodea, Timematidae). Jour. Experimental Biol. 211: _PHONE_ (Full Text
Hebard, M. (1920) The genus Timema
Scudder, with the description of a new species, (Orthoptera, Phasmidae, Timeminae). Entomological News, 31:126-132 (Read at BHL
Vickery, V. R. (1993). Revision of Timema Scudder (Phasmatoptera: Timematodea) including three new species. Can. Entomol. 125:657–692.
NEWS ITEM! (3/29/18)
: The Timema Discovery Project
is an important new initiative aiming to harness as many people as possible to collect much needed data for advancing our understanding of Timema
...please visit the web site
, spread the word, and participate!


Noise Abatement FAQs
Here are answers to frequently asked questions regarding noise abatement at Tampa International Airport.
What is a Part 150 Study?
A Part 150 Study is a voluntary study that is initiated by an airport sponsor to determine ways to reduce noise over residential and other noise-sensitive areas. It also aids in the determination and planning of compatible and non-compatible land areas surrounding an airport. The purpose of the recently approved Part 150 Study is to evaluate existing conditions and recommend proposed noise abatement and land use management measures intended to reduce the impact of aircraft noise on residents and land areas surrounding the Airport.
In order for our noise abatement program to be a formal program, the Aviation Authority would have to demonstrate to the FAA that the voluntary program was not adequate to mitigate noise impacts as we grow. The FAA requires that airport analyze noise impacts and develop involuntary noise mitigation programs under the guidance of Federal Aviation Regulation Part 161. We have been diligently collecting data as part of the noise office function to be able to quantify the noise issues at TPA in the event that Part 161 becomes our only option. It should be noted that the FAA is very hesitant to approve Part 161 Studies to formalize noise abatement procedures due to capacity issues in the national aviation system, aviation industry and pilot resistance. Part 161 Studies are very controversial and sometimes are challenged in court. The Aviation Authority remains confident that we can implement the voluntary program successfully because we are vigilant. We do look at the involuntary program option when we update our Part 150 Study, however with the cooperation we receive from our Air Traffic Control Tower staff it hasn't been warranted.
What should prospective home buyers in Hillsborough County do before purchasing property?
The Aviation Authority can help you learn about the varying flight patterns, peak travel month, and potential noise impact areas from aircraft operations. We can provide flight track information that show predominant aircraft flight patterns at TPA. We encourage home buyers to visit properties at several different times of the day and during various seasons. For additional information, call the noise office at _PHONE_
When do most planes depart or arrive at TPA?
Airlines design their schedules for the convenience of their customers. The heaviest travel periods are early to mid-morning and mid-afternoon to early evening. Cargo aircraft operate late-night and early-morning flights. Aircraft can access TPA at anytime of day or night.
Planes must takeoff and land into the direction of the wind, therefore, the direction of arrivals and departures is determined almost exclusively by wind direction. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is in charge of air traffic control at TPA.
Over what areas do planes most often fly?
Residents living within 35 miles of any major metropolitan airport can expect to see aircraft at some point during the day. Aircraft can deviate from one of the predominant flight patterns due to wind direction and/or speed, thunderstorms, instructions from air traffic control, emergency, operational constraint, and safety, etc.
 - The public wants to have complaints documented and sometimes seeks information. Most of all, the public seeks change in the condition as they want the noise to go away. People are concerned about aircraft noise and complain because they would like to see changes occur. At times a call may alert the Airport of an unusual noise event(s) and/or a recurring problem that can be investigated and resolved. However, a noise complaint may not bring about an individual's desired change. The noise complaint line provides individuals the ability to express their concerns about aviation noise at TPA.
 - People file complaints for different reasons and have different expectations. The Aviation Authority tries to be responsive to the public and can take action when appropriate and when able to, but some callers will be frustrated when they learn that changes cannot be made. Other callers are satisfied that they have "gone on record" and have voiced their concerns.
Why doesn't TPA have a curfew or rules similar to those at other airports?
In 1990 Congress passed legislation that made it extremely difficult for airports to initiate curfews or other noise and access restrictions. This Federal legislation "grandfathered" all existing noise/access restrictions at other airports that had such restrictions. These airports already had noise restrictions that were allowed to remain in place. TPA had a voluntary Informal Runway Use Program which emphasizes preferential priority runways for turbojets and where noted, turboprop operations and pilot education.
TPA's informal runway use program is often used by pilots under ideal conditions. Factors such as weather, FAA ATCT instructions, operational necessity, safety, and the presence of other aircraft will often dictate a flight path that is different from the informal runway use program.
What good does it do to call in or send a noise complaint email when the noise abatement procedures are voluntary?
Pilot education is a major part of our noise abatement program and the noise complaints assist the Airport in this effort. The noise complaints are compiled and published in a quarterly newsletter that allows the Airport to see trends which assist staff in enhancing the education program.
 - "Except when necessary for takeoff of landing, no person may operate an aircraft below the following altitude:
It is important to be aware of two aspects of this regulation. First, most aircraft operating in the vicinity of TPA are in the process of landing or taking off, thus this regulation does not apply. Second, helicopters are specifically exempted from this Federal regulation.
TPA preferred departure and arrival procedures for turbojets and turbo props are used frequently during periods of good weather. During periods of reduced visibility (rain, fog, etc) aircraft must use an Instrument Landing System (ILS). During these periods, aircraft will be vectored around the weather cells and thus, areas that are normally not impacted by aircraft over-flights, occasionally, will receive over-flights.
Why do airplanes fly out of the departure and arrival flight paths?
There are many reasons, sometimes beyond the airline's control, why a jet may fly out of the preferred voluntary flight path. These include traffic conflicts, weather, air traffic control directives, safety considerations, aircraft performance and pilot technique, etc.
It seems like the Airport has been operating on the same flow pattern for days. Is this fair?
Wind and weather dictate which runway end or flow direction (north or south) the FAA can use. If Tampa Bay is in a persistent weather pattern this may force the FAA to rely on the same runway end for a long period of time.
Who tells the pilots where and when to turn?
Pilots fly prescribed routes to and from TPA as instructed by air traffic controllers. The FAA is responsible for managing TPA's airspace and for ensuring the safe and expeditious flow of traffic.
So what makes a jet loud?
Why do some aircraft seem louder than others?
Aircraft operating at TPA have a diverse range of noise levels. These noise levels primarily depend on the type of engine used by the aircraft, the size of the aircraft and whether the aircraft is taxiing on the airfield, landing or taking off. The newest so called "full Stage 3" aircraft tend to be the quietest aircraft in the fleet. Aircraft with Stage 3 "hushkitted" engines tend to be the loudest. See (Noise Glossary for clarification on Stage 3 versus Hushkitts). Departures tend to be louder than arrivals since the pilot is forcing more power to the engine to achieve lift.
Which flight path impacts me?
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Healthcare Disparities within priority populations
View a LIVE demo here: _URL_
You're looking at data of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Specifically, you're looking at data on disparities within 'priority populations', which are groups with unique healthcare needs or issues that require special attention. This visualization has been created for the Visualizing.org Health Disparity Visualization Challenge.
For each group the data is collected into a single set. This will result in a question that can be answered for each individual table: "how does this group as a whole perform compared to the other groups?". For instance, if 'less than highschool' scores low on every other element (race, ethnicity, income level, etc.), then the average of this group will be low, and thus one can conclude that this group as a whole performs badly. Visually this is shown by ordering the groups and elements of the groups by average, where the worst performing group or element of a group is shown on top.
The groups and elements within a group requiring most attention are always on top. All elements of a group are ordered from'most attention required' on top, and 'least attention required' at the bottom. The elements are sorted by the white lines, which represent the average for this element. If you check the'show grouped' checkbox, the groups will also be ordered themselves by'most attention required' on top, and 'least attention required' at the bottom. The groups themselves are sorted by the black lines, which is the group average and again showing the'most attention required group' on top. The thick bars represent the standard deviation: near 70% of all values for this element fall within this range. The thin bars represent the range for this element: from minimum value to maximum value.


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Baidu Research recently hired three world-renowned artificial intelligence scientists, Dr. Kenneth Church, Dr. Jun Huan and Dr. Hui Xiong, and added two additional AI labs, the Business Intelligence Lab and the Robotics and Autonomous Driving Lab, as part of Baidu's push to strengthen fundamental AI research and development.
Adding to Baidu Research's powerful roster of AI experts, the new hires will help to grow Baidu Research and advance AI development in China and around the world:
- Dr. Kenneth Church is a pioneering and highly influential research scientist in Natural Language Processing (NLP). He founded Empirical Methods on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), one of the most influential NLP conferences, where he also served as the president for several years. In 2012, Dr. Church served as the president of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), the most prestigious international academic association in the field of NLP. Prior to joining Baidu Research, Dr. Church had worked at IBM Watson Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft and AT&T Labs-Research. Dr. Church holds a PhD in computer science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- Dr. Jun Huan is an expert in big data and data mining, and was previously Professor of Computer Science at the University of Kansas.
- Dr. Hui Xiong, a Professor at Rutgers University, is focused on research in data and knowledge engineering.
"AI's significance is already evident," said Dr. Kenneth Church. "In addition to its commitment to fundamental research, Baidu is also in a unique position to transfer AI technology from the laboratory into reality and make the world a better place for hundreds of millions of people. I'm excited to join this talented group of researchers and engineers at Baidu to explore the next frontier of AI."
The new Business Intelligence Lab (BIL) will focus on effective and efficient data analysis technology for emerging data intensive applications, while the Robotics and Autonomous Driving Lab (RAL) will concentrate on computer vision, particularly in autonomous driving in order to solidify Baidu's base technologies in this field.
The new labs will bring Baidu Research's presence to a total of five labs, adding to the existing Institute of Deep Learning (IDL), Big Data Lab (BDL) and Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab (SVAIL).


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This article analyses the interrelation between human resource policies and educational policies in the system of healthcare provision to solve the problem of the structural imbalance in the supply of physicians. International experience reveals a growing emphasis on policies which help maintain the optimal structure of medical workers, i.e. the structure that corresponds to the needs of the healthcare system and society as a whole. Such policies include new regulatory and planning mechanisms for medical schools, the regulation of admission plans and the specialization structure in postgraduate medical education, specific post-education employment practices, and measures to overcome the shortage of supply of some categories of physicians and their geographic misbalance. In Russia, the structural component of human resource policies and educational policies has clearly weakened. The current regulatory and planning methods tend to reproduce the accumulated structural imbalances. Regulatory measures to improve the quality of the training of physicians are still ineffective. No prospective planning exists. Postgraduate training is poorly oriented towards the specializations currently in short supply. Medical schools are interested in training physicians capable of paying for their education and the government does not have the instruments to manipulate the structure of the student body. Recent attempts to improve the situation have not resulted in any positive outcomes yet. The decision to accredit graduates for practicing in primary care without postgraduate training will most likely deteriorate the quality of healthcare. Based on international experience, the authors suggest new regulatory mechanisms.
Institutional approach to the analysis of the development of Russian medieval civilization is impossible without recourse to the theory of "Asiatic mode of production." In terms of this approach, the Russian civilization is a "double periphery" - while the periphery of the Western way of development based on private property, and the Eastern way of development based on the power of ownership. Mobilization and communal environment of Russian civilization and the strong influence of the Oriental Institute have created the preconditions for the development of the dominant institutions of "Asiatic mode of production", but retains the possibility for the development of feudal institutions. Over the XIII-XVII centuries. was an active confrontation between the four models of the Russian state - Moscow, Lithuania, Novgorod and Cossack. The final victory of the Moscow model based on the dominance of the "Asian" institutions, has been subject to a number of both objective and subjective circumstances. Institutional competition of different patterns of development of Russian civilization continues to this day - for example, in the form of competitive models of develop-ment of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.
Douglass North, John Wallis and Barry Weingast in their book 'Violence and Social Orders' have proposed a new conceptual approach to analysis of social development. They divide all societies into those with orders of limited and open access, and consider the development as the process of opening access to economic and political activity for non-elite social groups. However, according to North, Wallis and Weingast the presence of common beliefs in society is crucial for the transition from limited to open access. From this point of view, the historical experience of the Soviet Union is extremely important because it represents a unique case of a new social order based on a specific ideology. We argue in this paper that one of the key factors of the USSR's success between the 1920s and the 1960s was connected with opening access to education, the development of healthcare system, and the opportunity for social mobility for non-elite members. These elements of open access could be implemented in reality because social equality and social activity of masses were important parts of the dominant communist ideology and were considered as an advantage in the competition with the capitalist world. These open access elements could be successfully implemented because they were supported by common beliefs in social equality, which were widely shared throughout society. However, these common beliefs were of artificial ideological origin and during this time they came into deep conflict with the personal (private) interests of the new Soviet elite. As a consequence common beliefs, which were not supported by direct experience, started to erode, and this process finally predetermined the collapse of the Soviet Union - because this social order was driven not by the private interests of economic agents and political actors but by ideological incentives. Thus, the Soviet experiment helps us to understand that sustainable social development can rely only on common beliefs and values growing from the interactions of private interests.
A routine analysis of the demographic situation is usually based on indicators calculated for calendar periods. Using cumulative indicators such as total fertility rate and life expectancy, it is possible to characterize the general trends of these demographic processes. However, such an approach does not properly reveal the changes in the number of children a woman has during the course of her life or the real life expectancy of a given generation. In other words, a proper assessment of the effects of demographic policies must rely on information about real (rather than hypothetical) cohorts. Such an assessment is only possible 20–30 years after the implementation of policies, because it takes time to collect the necessary data. Therefore it is only now that we can finally assess the effects the demographic policies of the 1980s. The analysis presented in this article utilizes official statistics on births and deaths from 1946 to 2013 and official estimates of the population age-sex composition between 1959 and 2014. For the period 1946–1958 we use unofficial estimates of the age-sex composition. Using this data for different real generations we calculate age-specific fertility rates, age-sex-specific mortality rates from all causes combined and from some causes of deaths. By exploring these indicators we find that the immediate effect of demographic policies of the 1980s was quite impressive: in 1987 the total fertility rate was at its highest and life expectancy at birth improved to the level of the mid-1960s. Additional positive consequences are found in changes in mortality and the fertility of several real generations. Nevertheless, long-term effects are less visible, bordering on negligible. These findings are discussed in the context of current demographic policies and conclude with tentative predictions regarding their long-term effects.


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This study uses household-level panel data on smallholder farmers in Ethiopia to estimate how rural population density (RPD) affects agricultural intensification and productivity. Our results suggest that higher RPD is associated with smaller farm sizes, and has a positive effect on input demand, represented by increased fertilizer use per hectare. Overall, increased input use does not lead to a corresponding increase in staple crop yields, and thus farm income declines as population density increases. This suggests a situation where farmers in areas of high RPD may be stuck in place, unable to sustainably intensify in the face of rising RPD and declining farm sizes.
- Rural population density
- Sub-Saharan Africa
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Food Science
- Sociology and Political Science
- Economics and Econometrics
- Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law