Self organizing classifiers: first steps in structured evolutionary machine learning
@article{Vargas2013SelfOC,
 title={Self organizing classifiers: first steps in structured evolutionary machine learning},
 author={Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas and Hirotaka Takano and Junichi Murata},
 journal={Evolutionary Intelligence},
 year={2013},
 volume={6},
 pages={57-72}
}
Learning classifier systems (LCSs) are evolutionary machine learning algorithms, flexible enough to be applied to reinforcement, supervised and unsupervised learning problems with good performance. Recently, self organizing classifiers were proposed which are similar to LCSs but have the advantage that in its structured population no balance between niching and fitness pressure is necessary. However, more tests and analysis are required to verify its benefits. Here, a variation of the first…
Novelty-organizing classifiers applied to classification and reinforcement learning: towards flexible algorithms
A new and simpler way to abstract supervised learning for any reinforcement learning algorithm called Novelty-Organizing Classifiers is developed based on a Novelty Map population that focuses more on the novelty of the inputs than their frequency.
Novelty-organizing team of classifiers - A team-individual multi-objective approach to reinforcement learning
A multi-objective reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed with a structured novelty map population evolving feedforward neural models that outperforms a gradient based continuous input-output state-of-art algorithm in two problems.
Novelty-organizing team of classifiers in noisy and dynamic environments
Novelty-Organizing Team of Classifiers (NOTC) is applied to the continuous action mountain car as well as two variations of it: a noisy mountain car and an unstable weather mountain car, revealing a trade-off between the approaches.
Robust optimization through neuroevolution
The comparison of different algorithms indicates that the CMA-ES and xNES methods, that operate by optimizing a distribution of parameters, represent the best options for the evolution of robust neural network controllers.
Connection-Aware Spectrum-Diversity for Neuroevolution
Experiments show that a connection-aware spectrum diversity allows for better results to arise over the course of evolution, justified by the fact that neural networks with a low number of connections are kept even when increasing the connections might improve slightly the results.
One-Pixel Attack: Understanding and Improving Deep Neural Networks with Evolutionary Computation
Recently, the one-pixel attack showed that deep neural networks (DNNs) can misclassify by changing only one pixel, and it will be shown the promises of evolutionary computation as both a way to investigate the robustness of DNNs as well as a ways to improve their robustness through hybrid systems, evolution of architectures, among others.
One Pixel Attack for Fooling Deep Neural Networks
This paper proposes a novel method for generating one-pixel adversarial perturbations based on differential evolution (DE), which requires less adversarial information (a black-box attack) and can fool more types of networks due to the inherent features of DE.
Understanding the One Pixel Attack: Propagation Maps and Locality Analysis
Propagation Maps reveal that even in extremely deep networks such as Resnet, modification in one pixel easily propagates until the last layer and this initial local perturbation is also shown to spread becoming a global one and reaching absolute difference values that are close to the maximum value of the original feature maps in a given layer.
The Relationship Between (Un)Fractured Problems and Division of Input Space
A study is presented showing that while fractured problemsbenefit from a finer division of the input space, unfractured problems benefit from a coarser division of input space.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 37 REFERENCES
Self organizing classifiers and niched fitness
A new algorithm called Self Organizing Classifiers is proposed which faces this problem from a different perspective, instead of balancing the pressures, both pressures are separated and no balance is necessary.
Learning classifier systems
A gentle introduction to LCSs and their general functionality is provided and the current theoretical understanding of the systems is surveyed, followed by a suite of current successful LCS applications and the most promising areas for future applications and research directions.
Learning classifier systems: a complete introduction, review, and roadmap
This paper aims to provide an accessible foundation for researchers of different backgrounds interested in selecting or developing their own LCS, including a simple yet thorough introduction, a historical review, and a roadmap of algorithmic components, emphasizing differences in alternative LCS implementations.
Accuracy-based Neuro And Neuro-fuzzy Classifier Systems
Results from the use of neural network-based representation schemes within the accuracy-based XCS are presented and the new representation scheme is shown to produce systems where outputs are a function of the inputs.
The parameterless self-organizing map algorithm
The relative performance of the PLSOM and the SOM is discussed and some tasks in which the SOM fails but the P LSOM performs satisfactory are demonstrated and a proof of ordering under certain limited conditions is presented.
Dynamic self-organizing maps with controlled growth for knowledge discovery
The growing self-organizing map (GSOM) is presented in detail and the effect of a spread factor, which can be used to measure and control the spread of the GSOM, is investigated.
Fuzzy-XCS: A Michigan Genetic Fuzzy System
The intention of this contribution is to propose an approach to properly develop a fuzzy XCS system for single-step reinforcement problems.
Cellular Evolutionary Algorithms: Evaluating the Influence of Ratio
It is found that, with the same neighborhood, rectangular grids have some advantages in multimodal and epistatic problems, while square ones are more efficient for solving deceptive problems and for simple function optimization.
Intrinsically motivated model learning for a developing curious agent
 - Todd HesterP. Stone
 - Computer Science
 2012 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL)
 - 2012
Experiments show that combining the agent's intrinsic rewards with external task rewards enables the agent to learn faster than using external rewards alone, and that the learned model can be used afterward to perform tasks in the domain.
Parallel Problem Solving from Nature — PPSN VII
With relatively little effort, scaling laws that quite accurately describe the behavior of the strategy and that greatly contribute to its understanding are derived and their implications are discussed.


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$toUpper (aggregation)
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Definition
$toUpper
Converts a string to uppercase, returning the result.
$toUpper has the following syntax:
{ $toUpper: <expression> }
The argument can be any expression as long as it resolves to a string. For more information on expressions, see Expressions.
If the argument resolves to null, $toLower returns an empty string "".
Behavior
$toUpper only has a well-defined behavior for strings of ASCII characters.
Example
Consider a inventory collection with the following documents:
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", quarter: "13Q1", "description" : "PRODUCT 1" }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "abc2", quarter: "13Q4", "description" : "Product 2" }
{ "_id" : 3, "item" : "xyz1", quarter: "14Q2", "description" : null }
The following operation uses the $toUpper operator return uppercase item and uppercase description values:
db.inventory.aggregate(
 [
 {
 $project:
 {
 item: { $toUpper: "$item" },
 description: { $toUpper: "$description" }
 }
 }
 ]
)
The operation returns the following results:
{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", "description" : "PRODUCT 1" }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "ABC2", "description" : "PRODUCT 2" }
{ "_id" : 3, "item" : "XYZ1", "description" : "" }


Posts tagged 'cabriolet'
September 14, 2010
AUDI A4
The Audi A4 is a compact executive car produced by the German car manufacturer Audi AG since late 1994. The initial generation A4 succeeded the four previous generations of the Audi 80. And just like its Audi 80 predecessor, the Audi A4 automobile layout consists of a longitudinally oriented engine at the front, with transaxle-type transmissions mounted immediately to the rear of the engine, again, oriented longitudinally. Drive output is transmitted to either the front wheels, or on some models, utilising Audi's 'trademark' quattro permanent four-wheel drive system via a Torsen centre differential.
Since its inception, the Audi A4 has been available in four generations, based on the Volkswagen Group 'B' series of automobile platforms. Audi's internal numbering convention therefore treats the A4 as a logical continuation of the Audi 80 lineage, hence the initial A4 was designated as the B5-series, followed by the subsequent B6 and B7, and the current B8.
Of the main body styles, it is (and always has been) available as a saloon/sedan variant, and an "Avant", which is Audi's name for an estate/wagon. The second (B6) and third generations (B7) of the A4 also had a Cabriolet version, but the Cabriolet was not retained for the current fourth generation (B8), Audi now having Cabriolet versions of the related Audi A5 and S5 coupés — and also the smaller Audi A3.
Additionally, higher performance versions directly related to the A4 include the Audi S4, and the limited availability quattro GmbH-developed very high performance Audi RS4.
Audi A4 sedan (B6)
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text:
The PRI disease resistant apple breeding program is a joint project of the Purdue University, Rutgers University, and the University of Illinois, to breed apple cultivars to be resistant to apple scab. PRI stands for 'P'urdue, 'R'utgers and 'I'llinois.
It was L. Fredric Hough, then a graduate student at the University of Illinois that studied the papers of C. S. Crandall that carried out intensive studies early in the 20th century, of crosses between the cultivated apples and crab apples, to be scab resistant. However, Crandall didn't see any fruits of his investigations, and if not Hough, all his collection and experiments would be lost. Hough's paper was published in 1944, and led to the 1945 collaboration with J. Ralph Shay. Hough then relocated to Rutgers and the collaborative effort was extended there.
The modified backcross breeding strategy used cultivated apple with recurrent parents from selected susceptible members of the wild ancestral genus malus. Several Malus species were screened and utilized to incorporate their resistance factors into the more advanced pomological backgrounds.
By 2000, the PRI have already released a total of eighteen apple cultivars, containing the scab-resistant Vf gene derived from Malus floribunda 821. Fifty-some PRI germplasm cultivars have also been released worldwide.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Plant & Food Research and co-investment partners welcome the $2.2 million of Government funding for a new project 'Beneficial Biodiversity for the Greater Good', just announced by Agriculture Minister Damien O'Connor.
The $3.2 million, five-year research programme aims to understand the impact of native plantings on beneficial insect diversity and abundance on a range of farm types. It seeks to design plantings that optimise pollination and decrease pests on farms, without creating pest reservoirs.
"We're grateful for the Government support through the Ministry for Primary Industries' Sustainable Food and Fibre Futures fund, which will fast-track our research efforts significantly," said Plant & Food Research lead researcher Dr Melanie Davidson.
Dr Davidson said that native plantings can host many beneficial insects that support farming in Aotearoa. These insects include pollinators and natural enemies of insect pests.
"We know from our previous research on arable and vegetable farms in Canterbury that native plantings support a complex network of insects that benefit crops. This new research programme will help us measure the services provided by these insects and understand how to optimise the benefits from native plantings across different types of farming.
"Many growers rely on honeybees to pollinate crops, but there are other insects that pollinate when honeybees aren't active, like on cloudy days," said Dr Davidson.
"There are also insects that eat pests like aphids and caterpillars. Carefully designed native plantings can support these networks."
The current research includes native and restoration plant sites on crop and livestock farms in Canterbury. The researchers will assess the plantings over the next five years to identify how they benefit the surrounding landscape. Iwi will contribute to the research by identifying the mauri (life force) elements related to these native plantings.
A range of partners are involved in the research project: the Foundation of Arable Research, Synlait Milk Ltd, Southern Pastures, Pāmu Landcorp, Beef + Lamb, Te Ara Kakarki Trust, Brailsfords Ltd, Selwyn District Council and Ecan, as well as retired arable farmers.
"We are joining the research project and looking forward to receiving science-backed guidance to help us select the best native plants for our Whakapuāwai programme," said Hamish Reid, Director, Sustainability and Brand at Synlait Milk Ltd.
Dr Davidson said that knowledge sharing is an important component of the programme.
"We hope that by demonstrating the tangible economic benefits, including improved profitability from reduced pesticide use and increased pollination, we will encourage people to establish native plantings on their land.
"The research will help shift the community mindset to a biodiversity-ecosystem approach.
"A key outcome of the programme will be the development of plant species composition guidelines to help farmers choose the best configurations of native plants to support their specific farming goals."


The Beginning of the Backyard Mythology
There is the traditional backyard. It has a swing set. There are a couple of trees. There could be beautiful English gardens. There is possibly a patio made of fancy brick. There is a picnic table. There's a table with an umbrella. There's grass. There are sticks in the grass. There are bugs.
Then there is my backyard, full of lush mythology that is discovered on a daily basis. Stories told through cryptic symbols that have been left behind. And the questions continue to come:
How did the stone poodles end up in the White Shed? When did Venus have arms and how did she lose them? What has caused the anger of Medusa? Did Medusa and Hades work together in a conspiracy? Are Hera and Zeus protectors, or are they conspirators?
In the beginning, like most mythologies and religions, it was good. That goodness swept over from the love and protection of Zeus and Hera. Standing at the Gateway, they warn those who should enter and shun those who should not.
On the other side, however, Medusa and Hades bickered. They did not have a love, but shared a cruelty so awful, it showered onto the dirt causing it to transform. Soon, rocks covered the landscape, freezing Zeus and Hera's ability to bring beauty to the outdoors.
Fraught, Hera summoned Venus from Roman mythology and new her love would fight the coldness Medusa and Hades continued to hiss onto the Gardens. Before the Fall of Venus, gardens grew from the rocks, greenery so lush and plentiful.
This angered Medusa and Hades, but to their surprise, Venus was untouchable. With the help of Zeus, Guardian Poodles came to help Venus harvest protection of the Gardens.
In the beginning, the forces of good and evil were balanced out, and for many years that balance allowed both rocks and vegetation to live in harmony.


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Oracle Solaris 11 Express Distribution Constructor Guide Oracle Solaris 11 Express 11/10
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Document Information
1. Introduction to the Distribution Constructor
2. Design and Build Oracle Solaris Images
3. x86: Design and Build a Virtual Machine
What is a Virtual Machine?
What is the Final Product?
System Requirements for Building Virtual Machines
How to Build a Virtual Machine
Get an AI Boot Image
Providing a Boot Image
Optional: Customize Build Specifications
Build the Virtual Machine
Troubleshooting During the Build
Further Information
A. Custom Finalizer Scripts, Examples
Get an AI Boot Image
A complete Virtual Machine will be created using the settings specified in the Virtual Machine manifest, vmc_image.xml. The Virtual Machine manifest is an XML file located at /usr/share/distro_const/vmc/vmc_image.xml. The vmc_image.xml file points to a default set of finalizer scripts that are used to implement the final media-specific settings for the Virtual Machine. In addition, an automated installer (AI) boot image is used to create the Virtual Machine.
You must provide the AI boot image. Then, you must modify the Virtual Machine manifest to point to this image.
Download an AI image and reference that image in the Virtual Machine manifest as follows.
Note - You can create a custom AI image by using the distribution constructor. However, it's not necessary to create a custom image.
Providing a Boot Image
 1. Download an x86 AI image from
 Note - The AI image is only about 200–250 MB.
 Make sure that the release version for the AI image is the release version for the Oracle Solaris operating system that you plan to install in your Virtual Machine.
 2. Store the AI image on your local file system.
 The AI image is an.iso file, a collection of software provided in one file. When you download the image, you store it as an.iso file on your system.
 Note the name and location of this file. You will have to provide that information in the manifest.
 3. Modify vmc_image.xml to point to this image as follows.
 Find the following XML field in the manifest:


Babylon 10
Simply the best definition!
Download it's free
Babylon Spanish English dictionary
Download this dictionary
nf. gravity, attractive force which causes all bodies to move toward the center of the earth; weight, heaviness; severity; seriousness; solemnity
Download this dictionary
(n.) = seriousness ; severity ; gravity.
Ex: Each member state is allocated a fixed quota in proportion to the seriousness of its regional problems.
Ex: Exuberance and enthusiasm are proper to the young, as Quintillian remarked: 'The young should be daring and inventive and should rejoice in their inventions, even though correctiveness and severity are still to be acquired'.
Ex: The islands had been part of the British community since 1833 and the invasion was termed a matter of 'great gravity' by the Prime Minister.
* enfermo de gravedad = seriously ill.
* gravedad de la enfermedad = severity of illness ; seriousness of illness.
* gravedad de la situación, la = seriousness of the situation, la ; gravity of the situation, the.
(n.) = gravity.
Ex: Examples include terms arising from energy (force, gravity, heat), matter (molecular states, elements, compounds), earth, plants, animals, man.
* centro de gravedad = centre of gravity.
* desafiar la gravedad = defy + gravity.
* falta de gravedad = weightlessness.
* fuerza de gravedad = gravitational force.
* fuerza de la gravedad = G-force ; gravity pull ; gravitational pull.
* fuerza de la gravedad, la = force of gravity, the.
* ley de la gravedad, la = law of gravity, the.
* teoría de la gravedad, la = theory of gravity, the.
(adj.) = gravitas.
* con gravedad = grimly.
| gravedad in Spanish | gravedad in German | gravedad in Turkish | gravedad in Catalan | gravedad in Bulgarian | gravedad in Danish | gravedad in Finnish | gravedad in Farsi


text:
Prescott County, Ontario
It was created in 1800 from a portion of Glengarry County. It was named in honor of Major General Robert Prescott, Governor of Canada at that time. First settlers were Americans, but not all were Loyalists. It later merged with Russell County to form Prescott and Russell United Counties.
- Alfred - Named in memory of Prince Alfred, son of King George III, who died as a child of two-years old. Earliest patent was granted to John McKindlay on August 10, 1801. The Township was later merged with North Plantagenet, now Alfred and Plantagenet Township
- Caledonia -Earliest patent was to Joshua Hall on April 30, 1808. The township was first part of Longueuil and was organized in 1810. It is now part of the Nation Township
- East Hawkesbury - still exists today. Crown patent granted to Hon. W.O. Powell, February 10, 1797, Col. William Fortune, March 10, 1787 and Sir John Johnson, May 16, 1798.
- Longueuil - If was a fief held under the seignorial system of the French regime by the descendants of Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay. In 1796 the township was purchased by American Nathaniel Hazard Treadwell, who declined to take an oath of loyalty and was deported, in 1812, to the United States. In 1830, he returned and his son Charles Platt Treadwell became sheriff of Prescott and Russell. The Township was later merged with West Hawkesbury, now Champlain Township
- North Plantagenet - Opened in 1798, first land grant was to Peter Lukin on July 10, 1801. Township was merged with Alfred, now Alfred and Plantagenet Township
- South Plantagenet - Now part of the Nation Township
- West Hawkesbury - Opened in 1798 it has now been merged with Longueuil, and is now known as Champlain Township.
Source: Province of Ontario -- A History 1615 to 1927 by Jesse Edgar Middletwon & Fred Landon, copyright 1927, Dominion Publishing Company, Toronto
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text:
The Funeral Service Foundation has just released the results of its "Bleeding Edge" research project with world renowned Olson-Zaltman Associates simultaneously revealing both disturbing and encouraging insights.
Recognizing that the growth of cremation has more than doubled (leaping from 1% to more than 2% annually in the last several years) The Funeral Service Foundation commissioned the unconventional market research using the patented ZMET process to study:
THE MARKET WE ARE LOSING.
The ZMET process is an unconventional approach to market research focused on uncovering the unconscious metaphors consumers use to relate with and make choices about a given service or product. Olson Zaltman developed the process while its founders were still professors at Harvard and Penn State in the 1990's. It has since been embraced by a veritable "who's-who" of Global companies, universities, non-profits and governments.
The results didn't so much tell us anything new as they revealed how we are unintentionally reinforcing negative stereotypes which may be causing the market to seek out alternatives.
The Foundation will be rolling out the results of this research at the upcoming NFDA Convention TUESDAY OCTOBER 9 AT 7:30 AM. (SEE NOTE BELOW) in a program entitled:
Breaking the Consumer Code: New Insights Into Ways Consumers Really Think About Funerals
The program will cover the findings and attempt to identify the far-reaching implications for us and how the profession needs to begin the process of transformation over the next 5 or more years to remain relevant in this NEW NORMAL.
Attendees will learn:
- Why 99% of funeral home facilites reinforce consumer attitudes toward death and what you can do to transform
- Why conventional funeral home advertising not only reinforces negative stereotypes but may be driving consumers to look for alternatives
- How consumers are projecting their feelings about death onto practitioners and how we need to reposition ourselves to change that perception
- What is most important to "Baby Boomers" and how they want to be integrated into the planning process for their parents and themselves
- How our profession is experiencing its own grief cycle as it grapples with the transformation of its livelihood
- The NEXT STEPS FAMIC and The Foundation are taking to make resources available to practitioners to facilitate their adaptation

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Sole survivors: Bacteria build up on shoe bottoms
Rockport's new washable leather shoes will keep the soles of your shoes, and the places they tramp on, cleaner.
Share with others:
Dr. Chuck Gerba, an environmental microbiologist at the University of Arizona, says he doesn't put his shoes up on his desk anymore -- not since completing a study dealing with the accumulation and elimination of E. coli and other nasty fecal-based bacteria on soles.
The study, funded by Rockport in conjunction with introduction of its latest line of washable leather shoes, showed that just one wash cycle could eliminate almost 99 percent of the bacteria, Dr. Gerba said. Some 30 test subjects wore washable shoes for the study, while another group wore more conventional shoes that couldn't be washed.
Besides E. coli, which is known to cause intestinal and urinary tract infections, the soles of the shoes picked up Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria, a source of wound and bloodstream infections as well as pneumonia, and Serratia ficaria, a rare cause of infections in the respiratory tract and wounds.
Those bacteria, Dr. Gerba said, all are found in fecal material, and apparently were picked up from floors in public restrooms and outside from animal excrement. The study also showed the bacteria lived longer than usual "because you're accumulating food [for the bacteria] on the bottom of the shoes," he added.
"[The shoes] look like they're becoming a bacteria cafeteria.... We didn't do a survival time, but they were surviving longer than they would on a desk top."
Dr. Gerba, who studies how diseases are transmitted through the environment, said that once-a-month laundering probably was sufficient to hold down external bacterial contagion.
Also cleaned at 90 percent efficiency in the laundry were a different type of bacteria, those that grow on skin and are transferred to insoles by wearing shoes without socks. "You can get other bacteria from the air and dirt [that] can go in there, too," Dr. Gerba said.
"They grow in a moist, warm environment.... They like to live in saunas and that's basically what your shoe becomes."
Two years ago, Dr. Gerba did a similar study on purses and found that one-third of those tested at random were infected with fecal bacteria. The reason: "probably because [women] put them down on bathroom floors. They are full of bacteria."
Rockport said the scientists washed the shoes in a standard washing machine, using company-suggested conditions: cold water and 12-minute wash cycle with detergent. The shoes should be air-dried for 24 hours.
First Published May 21, 2008 12:00 am

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a task to implement "void makeAmbigram(char*)" that will print on screen ambigram of latin string or return something like 'ambigram not possible'. Guess it's just about checking if string contains only of SNOXZHI and printing string backwards. Or am I wrong?
I'm a complete noob when dealing with cpp so that's what I've created :
_TAG_
using namespace std;
char[] ret_str(char* s)
 if(*s!= '\0')
 return s;
void makeAmbigram(char* c)
 /* finding chars XIHNOZS and printing ambigram */
int main()
 reversed = ret_str(words);
 return 0;
I can reverse string but how to check if my reversed string contains only needed chars? I've found some function but it's hard or even imposible to implement it for greater amount of chars : _URL_
share|improve this question
If this is homework, please tag it as such. Also, a definition of "ambigram" would be useful. – John Dibling Mar 22 '10 at 22:23
2 Answers 2
You need to allocate space in your arrays or use std::vector. The arrays word and reversed are just pointers and no space is allocated. The C++ language does not support dynamic arrays; however, the STL provides std::vector which dynamically allocates space as required.
_TAG_ MAX_LETTERS 64
char words[MAX_LETTERS + 1]; // + 1 for terminating nul character ('\0')
char reversed[MAX_LETTERS + 1];
_TAG_
std::string words;
std::string reversed;
_TAG_
std::vector words;
std::vector reversed;
As far as the ambigram rules go, you need to talk to your instructor. Also, if this is homework, add a tag indicating so.
Hint: The std::string data type has some reverse iterators which may be of use to you.
share|improve this answer
std::string has an entire family of member functions along the lines of find_first_of. You can pass in a string containing all the letters your ambigram test requires, and they'll find whether any of those letters are present in the source string.
The complete list of string functions is available here.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Discover your ancestor's last will and testament among hundreds of thousands of New South Wales will books between 1800 and 1952, now available online for the very first time. Uncover details of their estate, trace their financial history, and learn about their beneficiaries and personal relationships.
Each record includes an image of the original and a transcript. The amount of information listed varies, but the New South Wales Will Books _PHONE_ usually include the following information about your ancestor:
Details of their estate
Date of death
Additional notes and biographical details may vary
Hundreds of thousands of New South Wales wills, dating from 1800 to 1952, (with most dating from 1846), are available to search online for the very first time.
These records are copies of original Will Books held by the State Records Authority of New South Wales. Between 1800 and 1924, the copies of the wills were handwritten, whereas between 1924 and 1952 the copies were typed. In 1952 the copies were altered to photocopies.
Once probate was granted for a will, meaning that it had been validated as genuine, the will was then deposited with the Registrar of the Probate Office. The original will and its accompanying documents were then held in Probate packets (NRS 13660), which were restricted to family members of the deceased or their legal representatives. However, from roughly 1800 onwards, copies of the wills were held in the Will Books.
The New South Wales Wills Books includes some wills of those in other states and countries, typically in cases where the individual was a resident of New South Wales but their last place of residence was outside the state. In other cases, people who lived elsewhere may have lodged their will in New South Wales despite not living there, particularly if they had property or shares in the state.
The Supreme Court of New South Wales divided both Will Books and Probate packets into series. The series of Will Books are:
Series 1 – approximately 1800 – May 1873
Series 2 – 1873 – 1876
Series 3 – 1876 – approximately 1890
Series 4 – approximately 1890 – 1985
Each series consists of volumes containing copies of original wills, all arranged numerically. It remains unclear why these records were divided and categorised into series.
Accompanying documentation to these wills can sometimes involve codicils such as additions or revocations to the will.
Original data: NRS 13661, Will Books _PHONE_, Microfilm, 343 reels
As there is a lot of legal terminology in the wills we have included a brief glossary of some common terms.
The estate includes both real estate property and personal property of the deceased.
The executor is the person named in a will to be responsible for administering the estate of the deceased. There can be more thane executor. Their duties usually include determining which assets belong to the deceased's estate, distributing the estate according to the will and paying any debts that the deceased may have accrued.
If a person dies without leaving a valid will they are said to have died intestate. In this case, there would be no named executor and, instead, a letter of administration would have been issued to authorise a person or persons to act as the executor.
A codicil is an additional document that amends, deletes, revokes or explains provisions within a will that has already been made.
Copyright Brightsolid Online Records International. Images reproduced by courtesy of the State Records Authority of New South Wales.
© the Crown in right of the State of New South Wales and is used under licence with the permission of the State Records Authority. The State of New South Wales gives no warranty regarding the data's accuracy, completeness, currency or suitability for any particular purpose.


Meaning of DISH (SOMETHING) OUT in English
dish something ↔ out phrasal verb ( see also ↑ dish )
1. to give something to various people in a careless way:
We dished out some leaflets there too.
Paul tends to dish out unwanted advice.
2. to serve food to people:
Sam's dishing out sandwiches if you want one.
3. somebody can dish it out but they can't take it used to say that someone often criticizes other people, but does not like being criticized


text:
Women who have undergone hysterectomies suffer hardened arteries compared to other women, according to a study by the University of Colorado School of Medicine.
More than 600,000 hysterectomies — removal of the uterus — are performed each year, making it the second most common surgery for women in the U.S. (A colleague asked what's the most common female surgery, but she already guessed accurately at the answer I had to look up: C-section for childbirth.)
"The message here is that having a hysterectomy may lead to large artery stiffening, which can lead to the development of cardiovascular disease," said Kerrie Moreau, an associate professor at the SOM and lead author of the study.
"Knowing this, women who have had a hysterectomy will need to be more vigilant about their cardiovascular health."
The results could help researchers explore higher risks for cardiovascular disease, which remains the No. 1 cause of death in women, according to a University of Colorado Denver release.
The finding may help explain the greater risk of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in women, reported in previous research. The study was published in Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society.
The study looked at 103 postmenopausal women who were not taking hormone replacements, and who did not have a history of heart risk factors. The women were in three groups: one group had had their uterus removed, a second group had both uterus and ovaries removed, and the third had not gone through any form of hysterectomy.
The study looked at stiffening in the carotid artery, in the neck. The women in the two groups with a form of hysterectomy had stiffer arteries than women who had not undergone hysterectomy surgery.
"Think of an artery like a balloon that needs to expand when the heart pumps out blood," Moreau said. "If the artery becomes stiff it's like pumping into a hose that doesn't expand. The heart feels the pressure and has to work harder to pump blood to the body. Over time, arterial stiffening can lead to high blood pressure, enlargement of the heart and possibly heart failure."
The connection with hysterectomy is not yet fully clear, but researchers will continue to look at how loss of estrogen from hysterectomy can leave women vulnerable to cardiovascular problems.


text:
What is a pellet mill?
- The definition
A pellet mill (also called pellet machine, pellet press) is a type of mill or machine which is used to make pellets from powdered materials. A pellet mill is usually consisted of pellet die and rollers. The rotating rollers or the rotating dies force the feedstock trough the die holes to form pellets. (See the picture of how the pellets are produced by a pellet mill).
- The function of a pellet mill
Without any process, biomass from plants can be used to produce alternative fuel for fossil fuels. However the natural biomass with low densities, i.e. 80-150 kg/m3 for herbaceous and 150-200 kg/m3 for woody biomass, limits their application in energy production. Then the densification of these materials are needed to increase the bulk densities. Pelletizing is one of the methods to realize densification.


text: High-bandwidth communication has become a key factor for scientific installations as Observatories. This paper describes the technical, organizational, and operational goals and the level of completion of the ALMA Optical Link Project. The project focus is the creation and operation of an effective and sustainable communication infrastructure to connect the ALMA Observatory, located in the Atacama Desert, in the Northern region of Chile, with the point of presence in ANTOFAGASTA, about 400km away, of the EVALSO infrastructure, and from there to the Central Office in the Chilean capital, Santiago. This new infrastructure that will be operated in behalf of ALMA by REUNA, the Chilean National Research and Education Network, will use state of the art technologies, like dark fiber from newly built cables and DWDM transmission, allowing extending the reach of high capacity communication to the remote region where the Observatory is located. When completed, the end-to-end Gigabit-per-second (Gbps) capable link will provide ALMA with a modern, effective, robust, communication infrastructure capable to cope with present and future demands, like those coming from fast growing data transfer to rapid response mode, from remote monitoring and engineering to virtual presence.


=head1 NAME Tangram::Type::Extending - teaching Tangram about new types =head1 DESCRIPTION Tangram::Type is the root of a hierarchy of classes that are responsible mapping individual field to SQL entities (columns in the simplest cases). There is one Type object per persistent field. Adding support for new types amounts to adding subclasses to Tangram::Type. =head1 WRITING NEW TYPES Tangram is organized in several subsystems, described below. Schema is the repository for information about all the persistent aspects of a system: classes, inheritance relationships, fields, etc. It also contains graph-traversal algorithms, which are not currently documented. Storage deals with objects as a whole: insertion, updating, multiple load detection, cycle handling, transactions, connections. It also serves as an entry point in the system. Storage does not manipulate fields directly. Cursor deals with polymorphic retrieval of objects. It builds SELECT statements on the basis of the information in the hash. Cursor does not manipulate fields directly either. The Type hierarchy deals with individual fields, and not with entire objects. More about it in a moment. The Expr hierarchy deals with entities on the remote side; this includes expressions proper, Filters and Remotes. Types are responsible for performing the mapping between a field of a given Perl type and a relational entity. The simplest Types merely transfer between one Perl field and one column. Sometimes it makes sense to have several mappings (and hence several Types) for the same Perl type; for example, Perl arrays can be mapped either using a link table, or one or several columns that live on the element's table. Users don't deal with Type objects directly: they indicate that a series of fields should be mapped in a certain way by putting the fields under a given 'typetag' in the field hash. The type registers itself with Tangram by adding a typetag in the %Tangram::Schema::TYPES hash. The value is the Type object. Up to now all Types have been singletons, but this is not a rule. Anybody who's planning to write new Types should examine Scalar.pm first. It contains very simple mappings between one field and one column. A Type must implement the methods described below. Keep the following facts in mind while reading further: 1. A Type is responsible for transfering all the *direct* fields for a given *class*. This excludes inherited fields. OTOH, the same Type can be called more than once for the same object, because the same Type may be used in several classes that appear in a particular object's inheritance graph. =head1 INSTANCE METHODS =head2 reschema reschema($self, $members, $class) This method is called when the schema hash is being converted into a Schema object. The Type finds all the fields it is responsible for mapping in the Perl structure refered by $members. The Type decides the exact format of this structure. =head2 get_export_cols get_export_cols($self, $context) Called when building INSERT and UPDATE statements; the Type returns a list of columns to be inserted in the statement. =head2 get_exporter get_exporter($self, $context) Called when building a function for reading the state of an object: the Type may return either a string or a closure. =head2 get_import_cols get_import_cols($self, $context) Called when building SELECT statements; the Type returns a list of columns to be inserted in the statement. =head2 get_importer get_importer($self, $context) Called when building a function for setting the state of an object: the Type may return either a string or a closure. =head2 remote_expr remote_expr($self, $obj, $tid, $storage) Called when building a Remote. The Type returns an Expr object. =head1 HANDLING ASSOCIATIONS Ref and Collections have in common that they don't load their controlled fields upfront. Their importer method ties the controlled fields to a package that will demand-load the final value of the field - if it's ever needed. The exact procedure for achieving this is not imposed by Tangram itself, in fact, a Type has the liberty of doing just anything it sees fit, if it can manage it with the arguments that it gets passed by the higher layer. Ref ties a field to the Lazy::Ref package, and Collections tie to Lazy::Coll. Ref and those collections that contain references to other objects must deal cycles. This can be done quite easily but I don't have to go into those details right now. Collections (of references of or values (the so-called 'flat' collections)) typically save their state when the demand-load is triggered. Later, when the collection is saved, the Collection compares the current field state (iow collection content) with the state at load time, and updates the database accordingly. Types that need to remember field state at load time should store it under $storage->{scratch}{TYPE_CLASS}, and typically under $storage->{scratch}{TYPE_CLASS}{OBJECT_ID}{FIELD}. Coll defines two utility functions to help manage load-time state: * set_load_state($self, $storage, $obj, $field, $state) Remember $state of the $field of $obj, retrieved from $storage. * get_load_state($self, $storage, $obj, $member) Retrieve that state.


text:
Background and Aims: Laser vaporization of the prostate is expected as a less invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), via the photothermal effect. In order to develop safer and more effective laser vaporization of the prostate, it is essential to set optimal irradiation parameters based on quantitative evaluation of temperature distribution and thermally denatured depth in prostate tissue. Method: A simulation model was therefore devised with light propagation and heat transfer calculation, and the vaporized and thermally denatured depths were estimated by the simulation model. Results: The results of the simulation were compared with those of an ex vivo experiment and clinical trial. Based on the accumulated data, the vaporized depth strongly depended on the distance between the optical fiber and the prostate tissue, and it was suggested that contact laser irradiation could vaporize the prostate tissue most effectively. Additionally, it was suggested by analyzing thermally denatured depth comprehensively that laser irradiation at the distance of 3 mm between the optical fiber and the prostate tissue was useful for hemostasis. Conclusions: This study enabled quantitative and reproducible analysis of laser vaporization for BPH and will play a role in clarification of the safety and efficacy of this treatment.
Laser therapy. 2016 Dec 30 [Epub]
Junya Takada, Norihiro Honda, Hisanao Hazama, Naomasa Ioritani, Kunio Awazu
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University., Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University., Japan Community Health care Organization Sendai Hospital.


2, len NUMBER, wth NUMBER) RETURN SELF as RESULT,
 CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION rectangle(SELF IN OUT NOCOPY rectangle,
 name VARCHAR2, side NUMBER) RETURN SELF as RESULT);
/
SHOW ERRORS
CREATE TYPE BODY rectangle IS
 CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION rectangle(SELF IN OUT NOCOPY rectangle,
 name VARCHAR2, len NUMBER, wth NUMBER) RETURN SELF AS RESULT IS
 BEGIN
 SELF.name := name;
 SELF.area := len*wth;
 SELF.len := len;
 SELF.wth := wth;
 RETURN ;
 END;
 CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION rectangle(SELF IN OUT NOCOPY rectangle,
 name VARCHAR2, side NUMBER) RETURN SELF AS RESULT IS
 BEGIN
 SELF.name := name;
 SELF.area := side * side;
 SELF.len := side;
 SELF.wth := side;
 RETURN ;
 END;
END;
/
CREATE TABLE shape_table OF shape;
INSERT INTO shape_table VALUES(shape('shape1'));
INSERT INTO shape_table VALUES(shape('shape2', 20));
INSERT INTO shape_table VALUES(rectangle('rectangle', 2, 5));
INSERT INTO shape_table VALUES(rectangle('quadrangle', 12, 3));
INSERT INTO shape_table VALUES(rectangle('square', 12));
The following query selects the rows in the shape_table:
SELECT VALUE(s) FROM shape_table s;
VALUE(S)(NAME, AREA)
---------------------------------------------
SHAPE('shape1', 0)
SHAPE('shape2', 20)
RECTANGLE('rectangle', 10, 2, 5)
RECTANGLE('quadrangle', 36, 12, 3)
RECTANGLE('square', 144, 12, 12)
The following PL/SQL code calls the constructor:
s shape := NEW shape('void');
Constructors for SQLJ Object Types
A SQLJ object type is a SQL object type mapped to a Java class. A SQLJ object type has an attribute-value constructor. It can also have user-defined constructors that are mapped to constructors in the referenced Java class.
Example 8-12 Creating a SQLJ Object
CREATE TYPE address AS OBJECT
 EXTERNAL NAME 'university.address' LANGUAGE JAVA
 USING SQLData(
 street VARCHAR2(100) EXTERNAL NAME 'street',
 city VARCHAR2(50) EXTERNAL NAME 'city',
 state VARCHAR2(50) EXTERNAL NAME 'state',
 zipcode NUMBER EXTERNAL NAME 'zipcode',
 CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION address (SELF IN OUT NOCOPY address, street VARCHAR2,
 city VARCHAR2, state VARCHAR2, zipcode NUMBER)
 RETURN SELF AS RESULT AS LANGUAGE JAVA
 NAME 'university.address (java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
 java.lang.String, int) return address');
/
A SQLJ type of a serialized representation can have only a user-defined constructor. The internal representation of an object of SQLJ type is opaque to SQL, so an attribute-value constructor is not possible for a SQLJ type.
Transient and Generic Types
Oracle database has three generic (that is, generically programmed) SQL data types that enable you to dynamically encapsulate and access type descriptions, data instances, and sets of data instances of any other SQL type, including object and collection types. You can also use these three types to create anonymous types, including anonymous collection types.
The three SQL types are implemented as opaque types. In other words, the internal structure of these types is not known to the database; their data can be queried only by implementing functions (typically 3GL routines) for the purpose. Oracle database provides both an OCI and a PL/SQL API for implementing such functions.
Of the three types, ANYTYPE is transient, and ANYDATA and ANYDATASET are not transient, but rather persistent. Transient types cannot be persistently stored because their structures are opaque to the database. You cannot create columns of transient types or make them attributes of persistent types.
The three generic SQL types are described in Table 8-2.
Table 8-2 Generic SQL Types
Type Description
SYS.ANYTYPE
A type description type. A SYS.ANYTYPE can contain a type description of any SQL type, named or unnamed, including object types and collection types.
An ANYTYPE can contain a type description of a persistent type, but an ANYTYPE itself is transient: in other words, the value in an ANYTYPE itself is not automatically stored in the database. To create a persistent type, use a CREATE TYPE statement from SQL.
SYS.ANYDATA
A self-describing data instance type. A SYS.ANYDATA contains an instance of a given type, with data, plus a description of the type. In this sense, a SYS.ANYDATA is self-describing. An ANYDATA can be persistently stored in the database.
The following cannot be stored in an ANYDATA column:
 - Another opaque type except XMLTYPE
 - LOB types (BLOB/CLOB/NCLOB)
 - VARRAY types with maximum size greater than 4K
 - Transient types
SYS.ANYDATASET
A self-describing data set type. A SYS.ANYDATASET type contains a description of a given type plus a set of data instances of that type. An ANYDATASET can be persistently stored in the database.
The following cannot be stored in an ANYDATASET column:
 - Another opaque type such as ANYDATA or XMLTYPE
 - LOB types (BLOB/CLOB/NCLOB)
 - VARRAY types with maximum size greater than 4K
 - ADTs that contain any of the above types
 - Transient types
Each of these three types can be used with any built-in type native to the database as well as with object types and collection types, both named and unnamed. The types provide a generic way to work dynamically with type descriptions, lone instances, and sets of instances of other types. Using the APIs, you can create a transient ANYTYPE description of any kind of type. Similarly, you can create or convert (cast) a data value of any SQL type to an ANYDATA and can convert an ANYDATA (back) to a SQL type. And similarly again with sets of values and ANYDATASET.
The generic types simplify working with stored procedures. You can use the generic types to encapsulate descriptions and data of standard types and pass the encapsulated information into parameters of the generic types. In the body of the procedure, you can detail how to handle the encapsulated data and type descriptions of whatever type.
You can also store encapsulated data of a variety of underlying types in one table column of type ANYDATA or ANYDATASET. For example, you can use ANYDATA with Advanced Queuing to model queues of heterogeneous types of data. You can query the data of the underlying data types like any other data.
Example 8-13 defines and executes a PL/SQL procedure that uses methods built into SYS.ANYDATA to access information about data stored in a SYS.ANYDATA table column.
Example 8-13 Using SYS.ANYDATA
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE dogowner AS OBJECT (
 ownerno NUMBER, ownername VARCHAR2(10) );
/
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE dog AS OBJECT (
 breed VARCHAR2(10), dogname VARCHAR2(10) );
/
CREATE TABLE mytab ( id NUMBER, data SYS.ANYDATA );
INSERT INTO mytab VALUES ( 1, SYS.ANYDATA.ConvertNumber (5) );
INSERT INTO mytab VALUES ( 2, SYS.ANYDATA.ConvertObject (
 dogowner ( 5555, 'John') ) );
commit;
CREATE OR REPLACE procedure P IS
 CURSOR cur IS SELECT id, data FROM mytab;
 v_id mytab.id%TYPE;
 v_data mytab.data%TYPE;
 v_type SYS.ANYTYPE;
 v_typecode PLS_INTEGER;
 v_typename VARCHAR2(60);
 v_dummy PLS_INTEGER;
 v_n NUMBER;
 v_dogowner dogowner;
 non_null_anytype_for_NUMBER exception;
 unknown_typename exception;
BEGIN
 OPEN cur;
 LOOP
 FETCH cur INTO v_id, v_data;
 EXIT WHEN cur%NOTFOUND;
 v_typecode := v_data.GetType ( v_type /* OUT */ );
 CASE v_typecode
 WHEN Dbms_Types.Typecode_NUMBER THEN
 IF v_type IS NOT NULL
 THEN RAISE non_null_anytype_for_NUMBER; END IF;
 v_dummy := v_data.GetNUMBER ( v_n /* OUT */ );
 Dbms_Output.Put_Line (
 To_Char(v_id) || ': NUMBER = ' || To_Char(v_n) );
 WHEN Dbms_Types.Typecode_Object THEN
 v_typename := v_data.GetTypeName();
 IF v_


text:
In the continued drive for greater fuel efficiency and reduced emissions, Caterpillar has developed a hybrid propulsion system, ideal for tugboats or many other marine applications. The Cat Hybrid Propulsion System brings a great deal of flexibility to the vessel, giving captains several options in how they operate their tug. If your vessel spends the majority of its time in standby, position-keeping or low-speed transit modes, a conventional diesel-mechanic propulsion system may be costing you too much in fuel, maintenance and overall lifecycle expenses. Hybrid propulsion systems give you the full diesel-mechanic power and performance you need in work mode — then let you switch to more efficient diesel-electric operation in other applications. The result? Higher average engine load, fuel savings, significantly reduced maintenance costs, increased uptime and a lot more.
The Cat Hybrid Propulsion System can be developed as stem-to-stern solution, with a pair of primary diesel engines connected to the vessel's azimuth drives. In addition to the diesel engines, the Cat Hybrid Propulsion System includes VFD controlled booster motors, which are also tied to the azimuth drives. The booster motors are powered by generator sets and/or batteries and the load balancing and switching between operation modes are handled in a highly optimized control system.
Popular power options for the Cat Hybrid Propulsion System include Caterpillar's highly esteemed 3500 marine power series, and a suitable selection of generator sets.
WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF UTILIZING DIESEL AND ELECTRIC TOGETHER?
If maximum performance is needed from the azimuth drives, a captain can combine full power from the diesel engines with the booster motors to get top bollard pull. If, though, the vessel is in transit or in standby, then the main diesel engines can be shut down and the smaller generators used to create enough thrust. And if conventional tugboat capabilities are desired, the diesel engines can be used to power the azimuth thrusters without the booster motors. This ability to switch on the fly offers obvious benefits, including:
- Increased fuel efficiency – In transit or standby, the vessel can run its smaller generators at a higher load, getting more out of every drop of fuel.
- Reduced running hours – With additional power options on the vessel, captains can protect their primary engines from unnecessary wear.
- Reduced maintenance costs – Caterpillar's C-series of generator sets are smaller than the 3500 engines, which means they are easier to service, and cost less to do so. Captains can take advantage of this by prioritizing generator usage whenever possible.
- Reduced emissions – Better fuel efficiency and higher average engine load means lower emissions.
The Cat Hybrid Propulsion System gives every captain what they want – options. And with more options comes more performance and more efficiency.
MEET THE NEW CAT HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEM
HARBOR DOCKING AND TOWING CHOOSES WASHBURN & DOUGHTY FOR NEW TUGS FEATURING CAT® HYBRID PROPULSION
Caterpillar Marine is pleased to announce a contract to supply an integrated hybrid propulsion solution on two new vessels for Harbor Docking and Towing based in Houston, Texas. The vessels will be designed and built by Washburn & Doughty in East Boothbay, Maine. This sales contract is a culmination of joint efforts between Milton Cat and Louisiana Cat who supports Harbor Docking and Towing's vessels operating in Lake Charles, LA. Caterpillar will be providing a 'stem-to-stern' Cat® content hybrid propulsion system scope including 3512E main engines, C18 generator sets, a C7.1 generator set, shaft lines, MTA 628 azimuth drives, booster motors, VFD's, switchgear, and a fully integrated and simple to use control system. Read more about this in our press release!


PanelsConfigure value mappings
Configure value mappings
In addition to field overrides, value mapping is a technique that you can use to change the visual treatment of data that appears in a visualization.
Values mapped via value mappings bypass the unit formatting. This means that a text value mapped to a numerical value is not formatted using the configured unit.
Value mappings example
If value mappings are present in a panel, then Grafana displays a summary in the side pane of the panel editor.
Note: The new value mappings are not compatible with some visualizations, such as Graph (old), Text, and Heatmap.
Types of value mappings
Grafana supports the following value mappings:
 - Value: Maps text values to a color or different display text. For example, you can configure a value mapping so that all instances of the value 10 appear as Perfection! rather than the number.
 - Range: Maps numerical ranges to a display text and color. For example, if a value is within a certain range, you can configure a range value mapping to display Low or High rather than the number.
 - Regex: Maps regular expressions to replacement text and a color. For example, if a value is _URL_, you can configure a regex value mapping so that Grafana displays www and truncates the domain.
 - Special Maps special values like Null, NaN (not a number), and boolean values like true and false to a display text and color. For example, you can configure a special value mapping so that null values appear as N/A.
You can also use the dots on the left to drag and reorder value mappings in the list.
Examples
Refer to the following examples to learn more about value mapping.
Time series example
The following image shows a time series visualization with value mappings. Value mapping colors are not applied to this visualization, but the display text is shown on the axis.
Value mappings time series example
Stat example
The following image shows a Stat visualization with value mappings and text colors applied. You can hide the sparkline so it doesn't interfere with the values.
Value mappings stat example
Bar gauge example
The following image shows a bar gauge visualization with value mappings. The value mapping colors are applied to the text, but not to the gauges.
Value mappings bar gauge example
Table example
The following image shows a table visualization with value mappings. If you want value mapping colors displayed on the table, then set the cell display mode to Color text or Color background.
Value mappings table example
Map a value
Map a value when you want to format a single value.
 1. Open a panel for which you want to map a value.
 2. In panel display options, locate the Value mappings section and click Add value mappings.
 3. Click Add a new mapping and then select Value.
 4. Enter the value for Grafana to match.
 5. (Optional) Enter display text.
 6. (Optional) Set the color.
 7. Click Update to save the value mapping.
Map a value
Map a range
Map a range of values when you want to format multiple, continuous values.
 1. Edit the panel for which you want to map a range of values.
 2. In panel display options, in the Value mappings section, click Add value mappings.
 3. Click Add a new mapping and then select Range.
 4. Enter the beginning and ending values in the range for Grafana to match.
 5. (Optional) Enter display text.
 6. (Optional) Set the color.
 7. Click Update to save the value mapping.
Map a range
Map a regular expression
Map a regular expression when you want to format the text and color of a regular expression value.
 1. Edit the panel for which you want to map a regular expression.
 2. In the Value mappings section of the panel display options, click Add value mappings.
 3. Click Add a new mapping and then select Regex.
 4. Enter the regular expression pattern for Grafana to match.
 5. (Optional) Enter display text.
 6. (Optional) Set the color.
 7. Click Update to save the value mapping.
Map a special value
Map a special value when you want to format uncommon, boolean, or empty values.
 1. Edit the panel for which you want to map a special value.
 2. In panel display options, locate the Value mappings section and click Add value mappings.
 3. Click Add a new mapping and then select Special.
 4. Select the special value for Grafana to match.
 5. (Optional) Enter display text.
 6. (Optional) Set the color.
 7. Click Update to save the value mapping.
Map a value
Edit a value mapping
You can change a value mapping at any time.
 1. Edit the panel that contains the value mapping you want to edit.
 2. In the panel display options, in the Value mappings section, click Edit value mappings.
 3. Make the changes and click Update.


shortening url
 - hello
 i need to shorten urls form form
 is there a way to do that in notepad
 - _USER_-Bogers said in shortening url:
 is there a way to do that in notepad
 Yes. How would you do it if you were explaining the algorithm to someone? "Look for the last /, and delete everything after that". So then create a regex that implements that.
 For example, finding /\K[^/\r\n]*$ will look for a slash, then reset the match (so the slash won't get deleted), then look for 0 or more characters that are neither slash or newlines until the end of the line. Replace that with the empty string. (And of course, regular expression must be enabled). If that pattern is matched, then the final filename will be deleted; if that pattern doesn't match, nothing will be deleted, of course.
 Do you want regex search/replace help? Then please be patient and polite, show some effort, and be willing to learn; answer questions and requests for clarification that are made of you. All data / example text should be marked up as plaintext using the toolbar button or manual Markdown syntax; screenshots can be pasted in natively using Ctrl+V when you have the image in your clipboard. Show the data you have; show the regex you tried, and why you thought it should work; show what you get, and compare it to what you wanted to get; make sure to include examples of things that should match and be transformed, and things that don't match and should be left alone. Read the official NPP Searching / Regex docs and the forum's Regular Expression FAQ.
 We sometimes vent our frustration when all a particular user does is demand the answer be given to them after many changes of requirements, or comes back time and again for new "gimme" requests, without showing any effort. But if you follow these guidelines, you're much more likely to get helpful replies that solve your problem in the shortest number of tries.
 - Hello, _USER_-bogers, _USER_ and All,
 Hi, Peter, just an other syntax :
 SEARCH (?-s).+/\K.+
 - Select the Regular expression search mode
 - Click, exclusively, on the Replace All button
 Best regards,
 - _USER_
 it still keeps some of them
 - _USER_-Bogers,
 _USER_'s worked perfectly for all the example data you originally showed. We both made assumptions about what larger set your data represented (consciously or not), and gave the best regex we could that fits the data we could see with those assumptions.
 If you want better help, you have to give better example data.
 And I need to tweak my boilerplate again (which I'm trying to condense and make more likely for people to read), because in this shortened version, I forgot to mention that edge cases should be included in example data as well. sigh
 - _USER_
 my raw data looks like,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
 a small sample
 - Every post, you've made it more confusing. You didn't used to have commas, and now I don't know what you want to replace and what you don't.
 If you want more help than what Guy and I have already given, you are going to have to make your desires more clear.
 Show the data you have and the text you want to get from that data; include examples of things that should match and be transformed, and things that don't match and should be left alone; show edge cases and make sure you examples are as varied as your real data. Show the regex you already tried, and why you thought it should work; tell us what's wrong with what you do get.
 - Hi, _USER_-bogers, _USER_ and All,
 _USER_-bogers, and All, when, you ask for modifications of data, with regular expresions, please, please …
 - Give us a fairly large amount of your INPUT text ( as you did,_USER_-bogers, in your previous post )
 - Give us, also, the expected OUTPUT text, from your specific INPUT test. That's the KEY point!
 Then, from the differences between these two texts, even if you cannot express simply yourself, regarding your goal, we should be able to guess your needs, most of the time ;-))
 Remember : If you clearly defined the rules to process, in your INPUT text, half the job is already done ;-))
 See you later,
 Best Regards,
Log in to reply


text:
When preparing for a stay in Miami, knowing something about the average and potential weather conditions should be an important part of your planning. Having solid information about what to expect during your vacation can help you prepare in advance for whatever Mother Nature might decide to throw at you.
Check out this information about what you should know about Miami weather before your visit.
Average Weather Conditions
August is generally the warmest month in Miami with an average high temperature of 89 and an average low of 79.
The two coldest months of the year in Miami are December and January with average highs of 76 and 74, respectively, and lows of 64 and 61.
The three months with the highest amount of rainfall in Miami are June, August and September with the driest months being January, February, November, and December. June is generally the wettest month in Miami. The annual average rainfall is just under 60 inches, most of which falls during the wet season.
The wet season begins in May and continues through October. During the wet season, Miami experiences high humidity and temperatures in the mid 80s up to the low 90s. The heat in Miami is usually relieved somewhat by thunderstorms that are common most afternoons. On some days, a sea breeze may develop off of the Atlantic Ocean, bringing cooler temperatures. Thunderstorms and breezes may bring cooler temperatures but the conditions may still be quite muggy.
During the winter months, you don't really have to worry about snow or flurries as flurries have only been recorded once in Miami, in January 1977.
Dress for the Weather
How you dress during your stay in Miami will depend upon the time of year you visit. The coldest months of winter experience moderate temperatures that are quite comfortable. It is unusual for temperatures in Miami to reach as low as the freezing or below range, but it does happen.
If you are visiting during the cooler months, you will want to bring a light jacket and perhaps a sweatshirt or two in anticipation of cool evenings or mornings.
During the summer months, the temperature and humidity can be quite high. Be sure to pack clothing that will keep you cool and help you not get overheated. Light colors of clothing and breathable fabrics such as cotton and linen are good choices.
Be Ready for Rain during the Wet Season
If you visit Miami during the wet season (May through October), be sure to bring an umbrella as you can plan on an afternoon rain shower on most days. Keep this in mind as you plan activities during your stay.
Plan ahead with knowledge of the weather expectations and enjoy your stay in one of Miami's fine, luxury hotels. Don't let the weather put a damper on your vacation. Learn what to expect and plan accordingly.


text:
Storytelling at Clayport library
Our Performing Arts students took part in a pre-school storytelling performance at Clayport library in Durham, where they presented three Julia Donaldson stories to an audience of young children.
The event allowed the students to perform to their target audience in a different performance space which reflected their first unit, Storytelling as Performance.
Faye Cunningham, Performing Arts Lecturer, said: "The staff at Clayport Library were astounded with the professionalism that our students demonstrated while performing at the library."
It was an excellent experience for all involved. The students delivered their performance with confidence, enthusiasm and professionalism, engaging with the audience throughout.
Act now and join one of our exciting dance courses!
Our specialist teaching staff will help you to develop confidence, creativity and finely tune your performance skills.


text:
NORMAN (2) was built in 1894 by Harland & Wolff at Belfast with a tonnage of 7537grt, a length of 507ft, a beam of 53ft 2in and a service speed of 17.5 knots.
She was the first of many ships built by Harland & Wolff for Union-Castle and, at the time, the largest ship on the Cape Town mail run.
In 1895, she grounded near Port Shepstone with slight damage, and the master (Capt W Bainbridge) was stripped of his command.
She was built to Admiralty troopship specifications and was requisition for use during the Boer War in November 1899.
In 1900 she was transferred to Union-Castle following the merge whilst still on troopship duties.
She was refitted in 1904 and subsequently worked as a mail ship until 1910 when, after being replaced by the Balmoral Castle, she was laid up at Netley in Southampton Water.
At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 she was recommissioned as a troopship for a short while before reverting to the mail run. During this time she was part of the first convoy to take men of the British Expeditionary Force to France. 1918 saw her on troopship duties again, this time in the Mediterranean..
In May 1919 she was chartered to P&O for one voyage to Australia before returning to the mail run.
On 10 June 1907 the Eastern Province Herald reported that an unusual mail delivery had been made at sea on 25 April when the RMS Norman overtook the Union Castle SS Galeka in mid-Atlantic and dropped a barrel overboard containing letters for the latter's passengers. The innovation is said to have been appreciated by the passengers of the two boats who interchanged cheers while the Norman's band played "Auld Lang Syne"
She was replaced by the Arundel Castle in 1921 and transferred to the intermediate service and in 1923 she was deployed on the Round Africa service, out via Suez and home via the Cape.
In 1925 she was replaced by the Llandovery Castle on the Round Africa service, laid up in the River Blackwater off Tollesbury and broken up in 1926.


text:
The Water Distribution Department is responsible for the operation, repair, and maintenance of the City's water distribution system. This includes all parts of the water distribution chain, from the finished water storage tanks to the water main, to the service lines and to the meter pits. The operators focus on preventative maintenance programs designed to extend the life of all assets.
The responsibilities and functions of the Water Distribution Division include:
- Valves, Hydrants, and Water Tanks
- Maintenance of the Water Metering System
- Maintaining Water Quality through Scheduled Flushing of Water Mains
- Repair/Replacement of Water Mains
- Operation of the Bulk Water Station
The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment licenses all of the Operators that operate and maintain the Water Distribution System.
The Water Specifications (PDF) are intended to provide information to all concerned parties performing waterline construction dedicated to or accepted by the City of Cañon City. In addition, all work within the public right of way is governed by these specifications.
The specifications apply rigidly to any new developments, which are not constrained by already existing improvements. Upgrades to existing facilities are often limited to conform to an existing condition. The Engineer may, therefore, allow variation of these specifications in this situation. When the term "Engineer" appears in these specifications, it shall mean the City Engineer or his authorized representative appointed by the City of Cañon City
Finished Water Storage
After the water leaves the Filtration Facility all of it then flows into the two finished water storage tanks located on the water treatment plant hillside that have a capacity of 8.4 million gallons (MG). Water sampling lines from the tanks are piped to the monitoring station located in the Backwash Pump Station so that continuous testing can be performed to ensure that the finished water is safe to drink.
Bulk Water Station
A bulk water sales station has been constructed by the City of Cañon City and is located adjacent to the City of Cañon City maintenance shops. This station will provide bulk water to residents and contractors without the need for the customer to rent a hydrant meter. A standard 3-inch male cam lock connection is installed on the station, customers will need to adapt to this connection. The discharge from the station is currently set at approximately 250 gallons per minute (GPM).
A new fill station is being constructed and is anticipated to be ready by July 1, 2020. There will be some changes to the existing station. Please visit the Bulk Water Page for more information.
Customers will be required to set up a prepaid account with the City of Cañon City. Accounts may be opened at the City of Cañon City Water Distribution office located at:
1525 S 9th Street
Cañon City, CO 81212
Be prepared to provide company and truck information, including license plate numbers and truck capacity.
Please visit our Utility Billing page for information on paying for your city water service.


text:
Working in collaboration with the CAO, SANParks and the University of
the Witwatersrand, the CSIR's Earth observations research groups have
achieved several milestones, changing the way large areas like the KNP
and surrounding areas can be managed.
According to Prof Greg Asner, professor at the Department for Global
Ecology at Stanford University and in charge of the CAO, their
relationship with South Africa is quite unique: "It is one of the only
places in the world where we work directly with local scientists on
issues of management conservation. Working in South Africa with the
Kruger National Park and the CSIR gives us the chance to have real
impact," he said during an interview at the time of the CAO's third
mission to the country in April 2012.
This sentiment is echoed by SANParks' research manager for GIS and
remote sensing, Dr Izak Smit: "We do not have the infrastructure,
technology or expertise to deal with a project of this magnitude. Yet,
working with external partners, we can leverage the expertise and
funding, thereby enriching our work in transforming the science into
management decisions and practices.
"We find ourselves at the interface between the science and the
management of the parks. Collaboration with external partners like the
CSIR, universities and the CAO is essential to the successful management
of the parks, and has had impacts on how we manage the park when it
comes to the provision of water holes and prescribed burning, for
For Dr Renaud Mathieu, a CSIR principal scientist, the collaboration is
also about building technical skills and capacity in South Africa to
process large sets of data and developing remote sense technologies well
suited to the South African savannah landscape.
"Historically, especially in Africa, most remote sensing-based
approaches focused on tropical deforestation. However, more than half of
the southern African subcontinent is covered with savannah with about
10 to 50% tree cover and undergoing mostly gradual changes such as bush
encroachment or tree logging for fuelwood. Techniques developed for
assessing woody biomass in tropical forests with dense canopies cannot
simply be transferred to savannas and woodlands," he explains.
Futhermore, the long-term vision is to develop the whole LiDAR value
chain, including the local capacity to operationally collect LiDAR data
for environmental management and vegetation applications using local
airborne survey companies. In this regard, the CSIR and SANParks are
already working with a South African company to test the viability, as
SANParks is considering using LiDAR surveys for long-term monitoring.
Research milestone: Sustainability of fuelwood for rural energy needs
The LiDAR data from the 2008 flight campaign have enabled researchers to
map and measure woody biomass in rural areas such as Bushbuckridge,
where harvesting of live wood is still the primary source of fuel for
cooking and heating even when electricity is available.
Researchers combined the LiDAR data with socio-economic data collected
from the area over the past 20 years by the Wits Rural Public Health and
Health Transitions Research Unit, and the WITS programme for Sustaining
Natural Resources in African Ecosystems.
This shows that at the current rate of fuelwood consumption - three to
four tons per year per household - the woodland resources for some rural
villages in Bushbuckridge may only last another 12 years. With the help
of the LiDAR data and fieldwork, researchers have also found evidence
of illegal commercial cutting of fuelwood in the communal rangelands.
"There is great concern that the current levels of utilisation are not
sustainable, with direct negative impacts on the poor, as well as for
biodiversity loss and conservation. Our findings to date regarding the
sustainability of this ecosystem service warrant further investigation,"
says Dr Mathieu.
In all instances, improved estimates will be instrumental to poverty alleviation.
Research milestones: Loss of big trees in conserved areas
Another significant finding is that large herbivores and fires may have a
bigger impact on the loss of big trees in conserved areas than in
communal areas, where large trees like the Marula are valued for their
fruits. Over five metres high, many of these trees have taken over 50
years to grow.
Dr Mathieu, "We have detected a 20% loss of big trees from research
sites in a private game reserve next to the KNP in just two years,
compared to a 10% loss of big trees from research sites on communal land
over the same time period."
This was also the first time in his remote sensing career that he found a
100% correlation between prediction of a remote sensing system (the
LiDAR) and ground verification.
But researchers are still puzzled about why and how this is happenin.
"At the moment, we think it is because of different reasons," explains
Dr Mathieu: "In the case of the private game reserve, field work shows
that a combination of elephants and fire damage is involved. For
instance, the elephants push and debark the big trees. The trees are
weakened, and then burn more easily in veld fires."
In the communal areas, trees are cut for building posts for field
fencing and fuel wood; however, it is a big taboo to cut big
fruit-bearing trees like the Marula, and people mostly cut the
lower-growing trees and bushes.
Again, this finding needs to be further investigated and interrogated.
For the remote sensing specialists in South Africa, the recent 2012 CAO
campaign will be useful to confirm or infirm these results over a wider
area and a longer time span.


text:
Profession mask maker
Mask makers construct, adapt and maintain masks for live performances. They work from sketches, pictures and artistic visions combined with knowledge of the human body to ensure the wearer maximum range of movement. They work in close cooperation with the designers.
Mask maker Jobs: Open positions
Find the job of your dreams on Talent.com, one of the largest job sites worldwide.Job postings: talent.com
- Work safely with machines
Check and safely operate machines and equipment required for your work according to manuals and instructions.
- Use personal protection equipment
Make use of protection equipment according to training, instruction and manuals. Inspect the equipment and use it consistently.
- Understand artistic concepts
Interpret an artist's explanation or demonstration of their artistic concepts, inceptions and processes and strive to share their vision.
- Meet deadlines
Ensure operative processes are finished at a previously agreed-upon time.
- Work ergonomically
Apply ergonomy principles in the organisation of the workplace while manually handling equipment and materials.
- Adapt to artists' creative demands
Work with artists, striving to understand the creative vision and adapting to it. Make full use of your talents and skills to reach the best possible result.
- Maintain theatre equipment
Check up on, maintain and repair tools and machinery used for onstage purposes, such as lighting equipment, stage sets or scene-change machinery.
- Prepare personal work environment
Correct settings or positions for your working instruments and adjust them before starting operations.
- Work safely with chemicals
Take the necessary precautions for storing, using and disposing chemical products.
- Keep up with trends
Monitor and follow new trends and developments in specific sectors.
- Work with respect for own safety
Apply the safety rules according to training and instruction and based on a solid understanding of the prevention measures and risks to your own personal health and safety.
- Maintain workshop space
Keep the workshop space in working order and clean.
- Manage personal professional development
Take responsibility for lifelong learning and continuous professional development. Engage in learning to support and update professional competence. Identify priority areas for professional development based on reflection about own practice and through contact with peers and stakeholders.
- Translate artistic concepts to technical designs
Cooperate with the artistic team in order to facilitate the transition from the creative vision and its artistic concepts to a technical design.
Optional knowledge and skillsdesign make-up effects plan workshop activity manage technical resources stock develop professional network promote yourself decide on wig making process manage consumables stock keep personal administration organise workshop space draw make-up sketches support a designer in the developing process
Source: Sisyphus ODB


Understanding multivariable control: The missing metric
Advanced process control: An improved understanding of the role of multivariable control in industrial process operations will lead to more cost-effective solutions and engage a wider circle of people in the process automation enterprise.
By Allan Kern April 4, 2020
Multivariable control almost always has been explained in complex terms, invoking concepts such as detailed process models, real-time optimization, and matrix math. This means few peopleoutside the tight circle of advanced process control (APC) engineers, have understood it well. Greater understanding of multivariable control in industrial process operations brings more people into the process automation enterprise. Operational benefits include timeliness, consistency, and fewer alarms.
Spreading APC knowledge
Most other stakeholders have been left at least partially in the dark, often having to buy off on APC projects when they may not fully understand the objectives, benefits, implications and odds of success. Moreover, this situation again left industry at the mercy of APC engineers to explain APC's many unexpected shortfalls such as high cost, short lifecycle, and high maintenance, which in most cases, have not been satisfactorily explained.
With the benefit of nearly four decades of multivariable control experience, a more qualitative and intuitive understanding of multivariable control and the role it plays in industrial process operation is (finally) emerging. This can have several beneficial impacts for APC and process automation, including simpler and more robust software tools, better defined applications, and greater participation of all stakeholders.
What is multivariable control?
Multivariable control can be defined as automation of the single-loop controller setpoint and output adjustments that are otherwise left to the operating team to manually implement. When operators make setpoint and output adjustments in the course of a shift, that's manual multivariable control. Automatic multivariable control technologies, such as model-predictive control (MPC) or model-less multivariable control (XMC) automate this task.
Automatic multivariable control — or closing multivariable loops brings the same benefits as closing single loops including greater timeliness and consistency, fewer alarms and constraint violations, and greater optimization. And it often includes significant operational and/or economic benefits.
Role of multivariable control in process operations
The role of multivariable control in industrial process operations can be understood as the difference between automated multivariable control and manual multivariable control. Industry has always had manual multivariable control, because almost every process operation is a multivariable control proposition — just ask any operator.
Automatic multivariable control automates, or takes over, the task of making setpoint and output adjustments for groups of related controllers. This often results in more consistent and timely adjustments, fewer alarms and constraint violations, and greater optimization. These benefits can also be understood as the intrinsic benefits of closed-loop vs. open-loop control, which have always been well understood in the single-loop control world and apply equally (or geometrically) to multivariable control.
The traditional constraint diagram (Figure 1) illustrates the difference. With manual multivariable control, operators keep a buffer, or margin for error, between ongoing operation and constraint limits, in case there is an unexpected process change or disturbance. The buffer typically translates into an economic penalty relative to fully optimized operation.
With automatic or closed-loop multivariable control, operation can be held closer to actual constraints and the buffer region is captured as advanced control benefits. This is possible because multivariable control means an automatic response can be relied upon to take action in the event of changing process conditions. In the same way, multivariable control can automatically pursue receding constraints to capture greater earnings and optimization — it works in both directions.
Where are the applications?
Many multivariable control applications have remained "below the radar" of the conventional large matrix MPC paradigm, because they have not been seen as justifying the high threshold cost of MPC, and were too big for the limitations of advanced regulatory control (ARC).
Figure 2 is a "lowaltitude radar" that reveals the multivariable control applications that have historically remained below the MPC radar. It shows the number of operator interventions, in terms of setpoint, output, or mode changes, made at an operator console, over a given time period. It shows the 25 worst actors, which are those controllers that have required the most operator interventions. This is an easy chart to make on any modern control system console.
Micromanaged APC
It's a good bet that many or most of these interventions represent manual multivariable control scenarios, where the operating team becomes caught up in frequent micromanagement of groups of related controllers.
It is the objective of multivariable control to automate these manual multivariable control scenarios to close these multivariable loops and reduce these numbers.
Industry's missing APC metric
Figure 2 may look familiar. Industry adopted similar best practices at least twice in recent memory to manage loops in manual (except now we are talking about multivariable loops in manual) and to manage bad actor alarms (except now we are talking about bad actor loops that require frequent operator intervention).
Multivariable loops in manual and frequent operator interventions carry several undesirable implications, including more alarms and constraint violations, less operator attention to higher level tasks, and less optimization, since manual intervention, by definition, is often inconsistent, untimely, and suboptimal.
Effective metrics provide a meaningful measurement, are intuitive, and reflect progress over time. Figure 2 meets these criteria and reflects a fundamental aspect of successful process automation and quality of console operation. Has industry been overlooking this natural and potentially important metric?
Allan Kern, P.E., is owner, APC Performance LLC. Edited by Mark T. Hoske, content manager, Control Engineering, CFE Media,_EMAIL_.
KEYWORDSAdvanced process control, APC, multivariable control
Role of multivariable control in industrial process operations
Working behind the scene: Multivariable control applications
Missing metrics: Measurements over time are needed to justify automated multivariable control.
CONSIDER THIS
Reader pollDoes your site have a metric for bad actor loops or loop interventions per hour? To respond, put in an email subject line…
Loop metric YES
Loop metric NO
and email that once to _EMAIL_ before end of April 2020. If you have questions for the author or would like us to consider sharing your original related advice to other readers, please add that text in the body of the email. Results may appear in a future article.
ONLINE
RCEP webcast, Jan. 9, 2020 (posted for 1 year): "Advanced Process Control: Past, present and future
Author Bio: Allan Kern, P.E., is owner, APC Performance LLC. He has over 30 years of advanced process control (APC) experience and has authored numerous papers on cost-effective APC solutions. He is the inventor of an inherently adaptive control algorithm and a model-less method of multivariable control. He is a 1981 Chemical Engineering graduate of the University of Wyoming and has professional engineering licenses in Control System Engineering and Chemical Engineering.


Cisco 100-490 Certification Exam Syllabus
100-490 Syllabus, CCT Routing and Switching Exam Questions PDF, Cisco 100-490 Dumps Free, CCT Routing and Switching PDF, 100-490 Dumps, 100-490 PDF, CCT Routing and Switching VCE, 100-490 Questions PDF, Cisco CCT Routing and Switching Questions PDF, Cisco 100-490 VCEA great way to start the Cisco Certified Technician Routing & Switching (RSTECH) preparation is to begin by properly appreciating the role that syllabus and study guide play in the Cisco 100-490 certification exam. This study guide is an instrument to get you on the same page with Cisco and understand the nature of the Cisco CCT Routing and Switching exam.
Our team of experts has composed this Cisco 100-490 exam preparation guide to provide the overview about Supporting Cisco Routing and Switching Network Devices exam, study material, sample questions, practice exam and ways to interpret the exam objectives to help you assess your readiness for the Cisco RSTECH exam by identifying prerequisite areas of knowledge. We recommend you to refer the simulation questions and practice test listed in this guide to determine what type of questions will be asked and the level of difficulty that could be tested in the Cisco CCT Routing and Switching certification exam.
Cisco 100-490 Exam Overview:
Exam Name
Supporting Cisco Routing and Switching Network Devices
Exam Number 100-490 RSTECH
Exam Price $125 USD
Duration 90 minutes
Number of Questions 55-65
Passing Score Variable (750-850 / 1000 Approx.)
Recommended Training Supporting Cisco Routing and Switching Network Devices (RSTECH) v3.0
Exam Registration PEARSON VUE
Sample Questions Cisco 100-490 Sample Questions
Practice Exam Cisco Certified Technician Routing & Switching Practice Test
Cisco 100-490 Exam Topics:
Section Weight Objectives
General Networking Knowledge 25% - Use the OSI and TCP/IP models and their associated protocols to explain how data flows in a network
- Describe the basic functionality and key differences of this hardware: LAN switch, router, and wireless access points
- Differentiate between these Layer 2 technologies: Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Serial, and Optical
- Describe LAN cabling
- Describe the function of CSU/DSU
- Describe Telco termination point
- Describe an IPv4 and IPv6 address and subnet
- Describe the function of FTP, TFTP and PING
- Describe the function of Telnet and SSH
Cisco Equipment and Related Hardware 20% - Identify the Cisco equipment including the Cisco Nexus 9000 Series, Nexus 7000 Series, Nexus 3000 Series, MDS 9000 Series, Catalyst 9000 Series, Catalyst 6800 Series, Catalyst 6500 E-Series, Catalyst 3850, 3650, 2960, 1000 Series and Meraki switches and Cisco 8000 Series, Cisco ASR 9000 Series, Cisco ASR 1000 Series, NCS 5500 Series,NCS 5000 Series routers and Cisco 4000, 1100, 900, 800 Series Integrated Service routers.
- Identify Cisco products by logo marking and model number (including, but not limited to, locations on chassis, line card, module, or adapter)
- Identify Cisco Transceiver Modules
- Identify and locate the serial number of Cisco products (including, but not limited to, locations on chassis, line card, module, or adapter)
- Identify and describe commonly used components
- Describe hardware memory common terms and their use in Cisco routers and switches
- Identify the cabling on Cisco equipment
- Identify tools for hardware installation and replacement
- Identify the different loop-back plugs (RJ45 Ethernet, T1, 56K)
Cisco IOS Software Operation 29% - Describe the key role of Cisco IOS, IOS-XE, IOS-XR and NX-OS software
- Navigate between different operating modes
- Determine the current mode of a device
- Copy and paste a configuration file from/to a router or switch
- Use and interpret the basic Cisco IOS Software commands
- Describe the location and process to change the configuration register parameter
- Identify a configuration file from a Cisco device
- Describe the licensing process on different platforms
- Describe Bundle Mode/Install Mode IOS-XE
Service-Related Knowledge 26% - Locate and use a text editor such as, Notepad
- Locate and use the Windows command prompt
- Locate, configure, and use Terminal Emulation ( Tera Term, Putty)
- Configure networks settings for Ethernet port on laptop (IP address, subnet mask and default gateway) and establish a connection with Ethernet ports on Cisco equipment using correct cable
- Make a physical connection from laptop to Cisco console port
- Connect, configure, and verify operation status of a device interface
- Configure and use TFTP and FTP servers (TFTP d32/64, FIlezilla)
- Perform software upgrade or downgrade using TFTP, FTP, xmodem, tftpdnld, or USB Storage
- Manage configurations via the TCP/IP network
- Perform password recovery on a Cisco device
- Identify and correct common network problems at Layers 1 and 2
 - Serial or ether interface status
 - Ethernet layer 2 (full and half duplex, speed issues)
 - WAN serial loopback test (T1, 56K and Telco assisted loopback)
Cisco RSTECH Exam Description:
The Supporting Cisco Routing and Switching Network Devices v3.0 (RSTECH 100-490) is a 90-minute, 60-70 question exam associated with Cisco Certified Technician Routing and Switching certification. The course, Supporting Cisco Routing and Switching Network Devices v3.0, helps candidates prepare for this exam.
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