Audiovisual Interventions for Parental Preoperative Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Abstract
Objective: To systematically review and meta-analyze studies assessing the effectiveness of audiovisual (AV) interventions aimed at reducing anxiety in parents whose children are undergoing elective surgery. Methods: A comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases was performed. A narrative synthesis of findings and random-effects meta-analyses were used to summarize the results. Our primary outcome was parental anxiety. Secondary outcomes included children's preoperative anxiety and postoperative outcomes; parental satisfaction, knowledge, and need for anesthesia information. Risk of bias was appraised within and across studies. Results: Our search yielded 723 studies and 11 were included. A Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) of −0.53 (95% CI [−0.91, −0.15], p < .01) was found between parental anxiety scores in AV interventions and control groups. In terms of children's preoperative anxiety, there was a SMD of −0.59 (95% CI [−1.11, −0.07], p < .05) between children's anxiety scores in AV intervention and nonintervention participants. Furthermore, AV interventions were shown to shorten the recovery time for children undergoing surgery (SMD = −0.21; 95% CI [−0.39, −0.02], p = .03) but did not lead to improvements on other postoperative outcomes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that AV interventions have modest, positive effects on both parental and children's preoperative anxiety. Although a statistically significant medium size effect was detected, the clinical significance of this finding requires further exploration. Further research aimed at developing better AV interventions to help guide future practice is warranted.
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text: : The European Space Agency's €220 million ($296 million) three-satellite Swarm mission is set to launch tomorrow just after noon GMT from Plesetsk spaceport in Russia. The goal of the ESA mission is to measure and monitor Earth's geomagnetic field over the next four years. The three satellites will be distributed in two different polar orbits, with one of the satellites at a higher altitude than the other two. The two satellites in the lower orbit will allow the researchers to take measurements from the night and day sides of Earth simultaneously to help eliminate any electromagnetic noise generated on the surface. The higher-altitude satellite will help to separate the geomagnetic field from the magnetic field generated by the solar wind. Positioning the satellites will be a difficult process, and there are some concerns about the Rockot launch vehicle, which failed on a previous ESA launch in 2005.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The foundry lab supports instruction in the Manufacturing Processes and Systems course, the Metalcasting course, research, and student projects. Twice a semester the foundry is opened outside of normal class hours to allow students to pour decorative castings or their own parts. The foundry uses the green sand process and can melt 100 lb of steel and 50 lb of aluminum. Cores, which make internal cavities in castings, can be made using the sodium silicate process. This process does not require dangerous curing gases and can be cleaned up using water. Students have built parts for the formula race car and home light fixtures. There is also an active student chapter of the American Foundry Society, which sponsors tours of local industry, on-campus speakers, and talks at local high schools.
The foundry at SVSU would not be possible without the support of industry. The students and faculty would like to thank all of the companies for their support.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


FunctionImplementationContainer class
(Shortest import: from brian2.core.functions import FunctionImplementationContainer)
class brian2.core.functions.FunctionImplementationContainer(function)[source]
Bases: collections.abc.Mapping
Helper object to store implementations and give access in a dictionary-like fashion, using CodeGenerator implementations as a fallback for CodeObject implementations.
Methods
add_dynamic_implementation(target, code[, …]) Adds an "dynamic implementation" for this function.
add_implementation(target, code[, …])
add_numpy_implementation(wrapped_func[, …]) Add a numpy implementation to a Function.
Details
add_dynamic_implementation(target, code, namespace=None, dependencies=None, availability_check=None, name=None, compiler_kwds=None)[source]
Adds an "dynamic implementation" for this function. code and namespace arguments are expected to be callables that will be called in Network.before_run with the owner of the CodeObject as an argument. This allows to generate code that depends on details of the context it is run in, e.g. the dt of a clock.
add_implementation(target, code, namespace=None, dependencies=None, availability_check=None, name=None, compiler_kwds=None)[source]
add_numpy_implementation(wrapped_func, dependencies=None, discard_units=None, compiler_kwds=None)[source]
Add a numpy implementation to a Function.


Posts Tagged: true religion
The word 'religion' is made of a word 'rely', which stands for 'to work or act together toward a common end or purpose'. Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Sikkhism and other so-called popular paths are religions but not Religion. The life itself is a True Religion. The life wants to work in harmony to[…]
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Why was clemency trending last week?
tire chain
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Also called skid chain. Unabridged
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text:
About three thousand years ago, a hoard of swords, spears and other objects was gathered together and deliberately destroyed. These were deposited in the lake at Duddingston Loch in Edinburgh. There the objects stayed until 1778 when a dredger pulled them up from the depths.
The Duddingston Loch hoard dates to about 1000-800 BC in the Late Bronze Age and has been in the Scottish History and Archaeology collections for nearly 240 years. In fact, the hoard was the first donation, received in 1781. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland records from 1782 state the donation as:
"A quantity of Roman arms consisting of 23 pieces of the heads of the hasta and jaculum; 20 pieces of the blades, and nine of the handles of the gladius and pugio; a ring three inches in diameter, fastened to the end of a staple; and a mass of different pieces of these arms, run together by fire; sculls and other human bones, together with the horns of animals of the deer and elk species, dragged out of the middle of a bed of shell marl at the bottom of his loch of Duddingston."
We still have 44 bronze objects in our collections though the whereabouts of some of the others are no longer known. Likewise, the "sculls and other human bones" and animals remains never made their way into our collections.
This hoard sparks many questions for archaeologists. The obvious questions are how and why did the weapons end up in a lake? But also why were they destroyed? How were they destroyed? Who was involved in these practices? Was it a select group of individuals or a community? Were the weapons involved in combat? And so on…
In trying to answer some of these questions, I have been re-analysing this hoard. As it stands, the hoard includes about 29 damaged or broken swords and blades, 28 broken spearheads and a handle of a bronze bucket. Historically, the Duddingston Loch hoard has been interpreted as a pile of scrap metal that was abandoned in the Bronze Age, but this view is steadily changing.
The large number of swords and spearheads suggests this may have been the equipment of a band of warriors. Other hoards like this have been found elsewhere in Britain, such as a similar hoard of burnt and broken weapons from Peelhill, South Lanarkshire. Tobias Mörtz of the Freie Universität Berlin has suggested these hoards might be considered "weapon sacrifices". Bronze Age communities may have been deliberately sacrificing their weapons, perhaps as offerings to the gods.
The Duddingston Loch hoard certainly suggests sacrifice. Most of the objects are bent, broken and burnt in some way. This can be seen on their 'rippled' surface caused by exposure to extreme heat, perhaps on a pyre. The bending and breaking suggests ecstatic actions requiring lots of force and the overall intention to make sure these objects could not be used again. Another explanation for this is that it could be a war booty taken from an enemy; in this scenario the objects may have been destroyed so that the enemies could not use them in the afterlife. Could the "sculls and other human remains" that were dredged at the same time be the enemies that were killed?
My previous research has looked at the deliberate destruction of swords and spearheads and found that to break Bronze Age bronze objects in this way requires temperatures of around 600ºC or more. The Duddingston swords and spearheads would have been placed in a fire, left to heat, and then broken by hitting them with a blunt object. This causes the objects to snap and distort. This probably didn't require a skilled individual, but knowledge of the behaviour of bronze would have been useful and it's likely a metalworker was involved in the process. The number of objects suggests a large fire and this may have been a ceremonial event and public spectacle with all the swords and spearheads piled up and burnt together.
Whether these actions were intended as a sacrifice or to scrap the objects, it cannot be denied that depositing them in the lake was a significant abandonment of material. The total weight of the hoard is about seven kilograms, which is a lot of bronze that could be recycled into other objects, such as tools, jewellery, or more weapons. And we must remember that few complete objects are represented in the hoard so there are lots of pieces and fragments that we are missing. Were they kept by the people who destroyed the weapons? If so, why? Or could they still be at the bottom of Duddingston Loch?
As research continues into this hoard it is hoped that we may be able to better unravel some of the answers to these questions. What's fascinating is that despite its 240 year history in our collections, it remains one of our most intriguing and significant Bronze Age hoards from Scotland and will continue to encourage debate and offer insights into the actions of our three thousand-year-old ancestors.
The Duddingston Loch hoard is on display in the Early People gallery at the National Museum of Scotland.


text:
Dallas Weather in May
The weather at Dallas, Texas often turns wet and stormy during May. This month sees some of the year's greatest rainfall, highest humidity and most thunderstorms.
This page gives detailed information on the typical May temperature, precipitation, sun, humidity, wind and storms for Dallas. The temperature, precipitation and wind speed numbers here are historical averages based on climate data gathered at the Dallas Love Field Airport, located a few miles from downtown Dallas. The rest of the measurements are averages from the nearby Dallas - Fort Worth International Airport.
|85 °F||May average high||29 °C|
|66 °F||May average low||19 °C|
|25 days||80 °F max. or more (27 °C)|
|23 days||70 °F min. or less (21 °C)|
The temperature rises nearly every day in May to over 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius) at Dallas. The city averages 8 days this month when the thermometer reaches into the 90s °F (over 32 °C). Temperatures of 100 °F (38 °C) or above occur about once a decade here during May.
The thermometer dips to 60 °F (16 °C) or below on an average of 6 nights for the month. Only in some years does May get as cold as 50 °F (10 °C).
|4.6 in||total precipitation||116 mm|
|9 days||of rain|
Half the time, Dallas receives 2.6 to 6.1 inches (66 to 155 mm) of rainfall in May. One in four years has drier weather, while another one in four is wetter. May is the rainiest month for Dallas.
|8 days||clear skies|
The sun's rays reach the ground in Dallas during 57 percent of daylight hours on average in May, for a total of 245 hours in the month. Typically on 8 days this month the sky is mainly clear, with at most 30 percent cloud cover.
Sunlight in May at Dallas lasts for 13 hours and 51 minutes a day on average. The shortest day of the month is the 1st with 13 hours and 29 minutes of daylight. By the end of the month, the days have lengthened to 14:10 from sunrise to sunset. These durations can vary by a minute or two from year to year.
|70 %||May average humidity|
The relative humidity in Dallas during May usually peaks at 87 percent in the morning then drops to 53 percent by mid afternoon. May is the most humid time of year for Dallas.
|Local Time||12 am||3 am||6 am||9 am||12 pm||3 pm||6 pm||9 pm|
|10.9 mph||May wind speed average||17.5 kph|
May is windier than most other months in Dallas.
|3 days||rainfall of 0.5 inches (13 mm) or more|
|8 days||with thunderstorms in May|
Dallas gets thunderstorms more frequently during May than any other month.
The weather data here are long-term averages provided by the US National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Temperature and precipitation are _PHONE_ normals while humidity and thunderstorms are _PHONE_ normals.


Laptop Screen Repairs You Can Do Yourself 1
/ By Vlad Tabaranu / Laptop Repair and Maintenance / 0 Comments
Laptop Screen Repairs You Can Do Yourself
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A laptop screen repair may seem daunting, but fortunately there are numerous DIY methods that can guide you through the process. Begin by examining the screws that keep the bezel in place on the screen, usually located near the hinges on the bottom. By using a sharp object such as a needle or safety pin, gently remove these screws. Insert the object between the bezel and cover, and carefully pry them apart. Finally, reassemble the bezel.
Video cable
The first step in repairing a laptop's screen is to find the video cable. This cable is attached to the back of the LCD and is usually held in place by mild adhesive. The cable can be unscrewed easily with a little force. You may need to remove a piece of tape to access it, but once you do, you should be able to pull it out.
The video cable can be broken or damaged, so it's important to carefully remove the screen. If the video cable is damaged or not sitting completely in the connector, the connection will not work properly. In such cases, a professional will need to be called in to fix the problem. This is a time-consuming process, but the final result will be worth it.
When replacing a laptop's screen, it is important to choose a compatible replacement. The video cable in a laptop is unique, and you should carefully compare the video cable to the screen's specs to ensure that it is the right one. Also, you'll need a couple of tools and a flat working surface in order to install the replacement screen.
LCD
LCD laptop screen repairs can be a quick and easy fix for your laptop. To begin, you will need to unplug the computer from the power source and remove the cover panel. You will also need to remove any screws holding the LCD display panel in place. Then, you can remove the screen and replace it.
If you cannot remove the screen because of the lines, you may need to unscrew the top and bottom hinges. To do so, use a needle or safety pin. Insert the object between the bezel and the screen and use it to pry it out. Make sure that the sticky side of the screen is facing up and that it is not stuck to the case.
If you do not have access to the hardware, you can purchase a replacement LCD screen from a parts dealer. These can cost anywhere from £50 to £250. For high-end screens, you can expect to pay more. When choosing a replacement screen, it is important to match the model number to ensure the proper fit. You must also make sure the bezel of the new screen is a match for the old one. You must also make sure that the replacement screen works well before you reattach it.
Bezel
To begin the repair process, remove the screws from the bezel that surround the screen on your laptop. If the screws are covered in rubber, you can remove the bezel by using a screwdriver. Once the bezel is removed, place the components in a plastic bag. You can then re-attach the screws. The new screen should fit into the original frame. Reconnect the power cord and test the screen to ensure that it works.
First, remove the cover sticker. This sticker is usually on the bottom of the screen bezel, near the hinges. If you can't remove the sticker, you can try prying it off with a needle or safety pin. You can also use a piece of cardboard to remove the cover. Then, carefully pry the cover away from the bezel, making sure that the sticky side is up.
After removing the bezel, remove the screws that attach the screen to the case. Depending on how tightly the screen was made, you may have to remove a few screws. This shouldn't be difficult if the screen is perfectly aligned. Be careful when removing the screws and be sure to re-install the bezel when the screen is replaced.
Bezel screws
To repair a laptop screen, it is often necessary to remove the bezel, the plastic frame that surrounds the screen. Usually, the bezel is held on to the back case with plastic snaps. Using a screwdriver, remove the screws from the bezel and set them aside in a plastic bag.
After removing the screws, you can then lift the screen to reveal the bezel. Be careful not to damage the cable connecting the screen to the computer's motherboard. Remove the screen with a gentle push from the side, moving up and down. Do not try to lift the screen too hard or it might break the plastic tabs underneath.
You may also have to remove the battery before performing the replacement. This may result in a longer boot time and a restart or two. After replacing the screen, you should reconnect the power and check to see if the display is working. If so, you will have repaired the screen. It is important to follow the steps to install the screen correctly and prevent it from cracking.
The screws used to secure the bezel may be difficult to remove depending on the tightness of manufacturing. However, if your screen is perfectly aligned, you shouldn't have any problem removing the screws. Once you have removed the screws, you should carefully remove the bezel and then reinstall it. If you have difficulty removing the screws, you can use a flat object to pry the screen from the case.
Color of screen
A common issue for many long-term laptop users is the color of their screen. If it's off-color, it can be distracting, particularly if you're working on a serious project. Color distortion can be caused by several factors, including hardware problems with the monitor or graphics card driver. Identifying the root cause is key to determining the best course of action.
The first step in fixing the problem is to update the graphics driver. This can be done via the monitor's onscreen settings. If the problem isn't fixed by this, you'll need to reset or adjust the monitor's calibration patterns. If the problem persists, it may be a physical issue with your laptop. In some cases, a damaged hardware component may disable the screen permanently and require the replacement of the screen or the entire laptop.
If the problem is more serious, you'll have to repair the monitor. If the screen is just a bit off-color, degaussing may fix it. Otherwise, you can manually adjust the settings.
Improper use
When it comes to repairing your laptop, one of the most important things to consider is the type of screen you have. If the screen is cracked or otherwise damaged, it may need to be replaced. If this is not an option, there are several alternatives you can consider. Some of these options are DIY or in-store repairs.
When it comes to cost, the cost of laptop screen replacement may be cheaper than the original cost of the laptop. Typical rules of thumb state that the repair price should be less than 50 percent of the cost of the laptop itself. However, you should consider the value of any data or software that's stored on the laptop. Depending on how important this data or software is to you, it may not be worth the additional costs of repair.
You should first make sure that the laptop is turned off and that the battery is removed. This is to avoid other potential issues with the laptop while it's being repaired. You should also make sure that the screen bezel has stickers that cover the screws that attach the screen bezel. This way, you'll be able to find the screws in an easy-to-reach location.
High-end subnotebook screens
High-end subnotebook screen repairs are not as simple as you might think. These screens are often glued together, making them difficult to replace. If you're having trouble with one of these screens, it's time to go to a professional repair center. There are many shops in your area that can do an excellent job for a reasonable price. The main challenge, however, is finding someone who is skilled in repairing your particular model.
A subnotebook screen repair is more expensive than the average PC or laptop screen repair. Screen separation usually occurs after a major impact, but it can also happen when you accidentally open the lid. Older laptops had a lock that prevented this, but newer models don't have them. In addition, newer devices can have a swollen screen, which is a sign that it needs to be repaired. Physical impact and fluctuations in weather can cause swelling.
Many of these devices are made by companies like Toshiba America. This Tokyo-based company produces a variety of high-end subnotebooks, including the new T350 and ThinkPad X1. While these machines are incredibly lightweight, they also have numerous flaws. Some users have complained about them being cumbersome and limiting.


can start a dependency check in three ways:
 - On the Configuration menu, click Check Dependencies.
 - Click the check dependencies button on the toolbar.
 - Hit F5. (This one sounds like a winner!)
If you remember a few months ago when we were discussing components, we defined dependencies as components that are required for your component to operate properly. When we do a dependency check, we go through all the dependencies in the instances in your configuration and try to resolve them. Usually that means adding another component to the configuration to satisfy a dependency—but not always. It can also mean disabling an instance, or possibly giving the user a choice.
Remember the types of dependencies we can have: component dependencies, component conflicts, and group dependencies (in a number of flavors, including conflicts). Simple component dependencies are easy to resolve—add the required component and move on. However, if there is a conflict between two instances, then one must be disabled. And in the case of group dependencies, the component can specify zero, one, or more components from a particular group to require or conflict with. In these last two cases, Target Designer can't simply take action; it needs direction. This is where the Task List comes in.
The Resolve Dependency Dialog
When Target Designer comes across an unresolved dependency it can't resolve on its own (which means anywhere a choice needs to be made), it adds an item to the Task List. The title of the Task List item reflects what needs to be done, and, if the cursor hovers over it, a list of components that are affected will be shown as well. Double-clicking the item will display a Resolve Dependency dialog, which tells you what needs to be done, and gives a list of components that will be affected.
There are five basic types of resolve dependency dialogs: add only one component, add one or more components, add all components, remove one component, and remove one or more components. In each case, the dialog is the same, but the behavior is different. For example, if you have to add only one of a list of components, then the dialog will prevent you from selecting more than one component (the OK button will be disabled until only one is shown).
The Resolve Dependency dialog allows you to view hidden components as well. These are components that are below the current visibility setting (more on that in a few). You can also highlight a component in the list and view its properties using the appropriately named Properties button.
Tailoring the Dependency Check
There's one other feature in Target Designer that controls the action of a dependency check. If from the Tools menu you click Options, you'll see the Options dialog. There is a Dependency Check tab, which contains a single, solitary, lonely check box. If this box is checked, then a dependency check will resolve everything it can, and only report those items that require human intervention. This is called auto-resolve, and the box is labeled with similar language. If the box is unchecked, then a dependency check will report each and every discrepancy it finds—it won't resolve anything, listing every dependency in the Task List for you to handle.
Why would you do this? After all, in a normal configuration, a dependency check can add one hundred or more components automatically—why do all that work manually? Simple. You wouldn't, not on a normal configuration anyway. But if you want to know what a particular component's dependencies are, or are testing your own component, it makes sense to uncheck the auto-resolve check box to see exactly what's happening. And if you forget to turn it back on before doing a full dependency check, no problem: go back and check it, then restart the dependency check. The Task List will be cleared, and Target Designer will auto-resolve what it can and report the rest, just as it should be.
The Shape of the Battle
The Options dialog is pretty useful; let's take a look at the other options that are configurable. Remember, these are saved between configurations, and between sessions as well. (A session starts when Target Designer is started and ends when Target Designer is exited.) So anything you set here will be there the next time you fire up Target Designer.
The Mode Tab
The first tab on the Options dialog is Mode. The radio buttons here let you select a starting operating mode, either Basic or Expert. The big difference between these two settings is simple: If you're in Basic mode, any Expert mode actions you take will cause a caution dialog to appear. Expert mode actions include:
 - Adding extra files, registry data, or resources to a configuration.
 - Viewing Advanced Properties of the configuration or an instance.
 - Viewing the files, registry data, or resources of an instance.
The dialog that appears will let you switch the Expert mode to complete the action, but that setting isn't saved between sessions. It will be saved for the remainder of the current session, though.
The Build Tab
The Build tab shows three directories Target Designer uses during the build process. The Extra Files Folder is where Target Designer will search for file resources it can't find in the repositories (namely extra files added to the configuration). The Build Log Folder specifies where the build logs will be placed by default. The Default Image Folder tells us where to put the run-time images we create. The buttons next to each edit box bring up folder browser dialogs to select the folders dynamically.
The Advanced Tab
The Advanced tab has three controls that are interesting. (Actually, it's only got three controls to discuss, but they're all very interesting—compelling, even.)
Remember that caveat I mentioned way back when we were talking about Component Browser, about it letting you see all the components? Well, here's the deal: The Minimum Visibility field allows you to set the level at which Component Browser and Configuration Editor will hide components and instances. The allowable range starts at 100 and tops off at 10,000; however, most useful components have a visibility of 1,000, and all of your custom components, unless you change it manually, will be at visibility 1,000. You can set this as high or as low as you want—it doesn't affect what components are available, just which ones you can see.
The Configuration Upgrade check box controls whether Target Designer will automatically upgrade instances when you open a configuration that has upgradeable instances. What are upgradeable instances? Well, let's hearken back to our discussion of version, revisions, and released components a few months back. If there is a released component in the database with a later revision than the instance currently in your configuration, then that instance is upgradeable. This check box means Target Designer will automatically upgrade any instances it can. If it's unchecked, Target Designer prompts you to perform an upgrade. If you want to upgrade a configuration manually, you can do so in two ways:
 - On the Configuration menu, click Upgrade Configuration.
 - On the context menu, right-click the Components branch and click Upgrade.
You can also upgrade individual instances if you'd like; they're marked in Configuration Editor with a blue arrow. There are two ways to do that as well:
 - Right-click the instance you want to upgrade and on the context menu, click Upgrade.
 - Highlight the instance and on the Configuration menu, click Upgrade Component.
The Restore All Default Options check box does exactly what it says: returns everything in the Options dialog to default values. However, it doesn't do it immediately. In fact, it won't change the values back until after Target Designer is closed and restarted. When you check this box, you'll see a dialog to that effect.
The Battle's Climax
All of these options and features are there to support one thing: the actual building of a runtime. And in keeping with our theme of multiple paths to a goal, you can start a build in three ways:
 - Click the build image button on the toolbar.
 - On the Configuration menu, click Build Target Image.
 - Hit F7. (We have another winner!)
When you start the build process, Target Designer displays the Build dialog. Here you can select the build type (Release or Debug, in case you have mixed instance types in your configuration), where to put the image (this is where the Default Image Folder option is used), and where to put the log (specified by the Build Log Folder option). You can change any of these to suit your purposes. The Build button at the bottom of the dialog starts the build process.
The Build Process
The first thing Target Designer does is to check the Task List for unresolved dependencies. It prompts you to do a dependency check if anything is unresolved there. You'll also be prompted to do a dependency check if the configuration has changed since the last dependency check. There's only one problem here: Any configuration change marks the configuration as dirty and requiring a dependency check. The revision property is updated when a configuration is saved, and this counts as a change to the configuration. Therefore saving the configuration means the build process will want a dependency check. You can always skip this check if you wish.
After the dependency check is done, the build process checks to see if the target folder is empty. If it's not, it will prompt you to clear the folder. Make sure this is what you want—we're deleting files, not sending them to the recycle bin, so there'


Belarusian Flag of Belarus
There is only one DBT template for Belarusian: Belarusian - Basic.
For the details about the DBT translator used by Belarusian: click here.
Uncontracted Braille
This language is usually produced in uncontracted braille, which means that words in the text are rendered in braille on a one-for-one basis: one braille character for each inkprint letter. Some inkprint punctuation may require more than one braille character. Indicating upper case, emphasis, or numbers also adds braille characters to the character count. However, the braille contains no abbreviations or contractions.
If you have questions about producing correct braille, please contact a member of the appropriate braille authority.
The default math braille code for this template is Russian math.
Non-Roman Script
Belarusian is written in a script other than the Roman alphabet. This can occasionally cause problems when importing files to DBT. The best result is usually achieved by importing files from Microsoft Word or Open Office that are written in Unicode fonts. You can contact Duxbury Systems if you have file that does not import properly into DBT. Please send the original inkprint file with your request, not a screen shot of the DBT screen.


section in which further heating occurs. In this case, the total heat absorption for both the radiant and convection coils will be about the same, regardless of the BWT.
However, it is very important to correctly estimate BWT where there are two or more separate services, one in the radiant section and one or more in the convection section. If the BWT is higher than expected, the radiant-section absorption will be relatively low and the convection-section absorption will be relatively high.
In this case, such as when the radiant section consists of a process coil and the convection section consists of a steam-generating coil, the process coil and steam-generation duties must be guaranteed. Error in the predicted BWT would result in error in one or both of the predicted duties, along with inaccuracy in the guaranteed heater efficiency. An accurate prediction of BWT is required, not only for emissions prediction, but also to correctly predict heat absorption and other heater performance parameters.
An estimated performance of a fired heater with both conventional burners and ULNBs is summarized in Table 4. These parameters are for a vertical cylindrical heater with a process coil in the radiant section only. The convection section is used for waste heat recovery (i.e., a steam coil). As shown in Table 4, there is a substantial increase in BWT. This increase not only affects the firing rate and NOx emissions, but also the mechanical integrity of heater components like tube supports, structural steel, refractory and others.

Heat density per unit area. Heat density is not used for conventional burners. However, it is a very significant parameter for ULNBs. The reason for this is the importance of flue gas internal circulation in ULNBs.
The formula in Eq. 7 can be used to determine area heat density:

(7)
where:
Qb = Burner heat release
n = Number of burners
A = Floor area (inside the tube circle or between tube rows).
For vertical cylindrical heaters:
A = πr2
r = Tube circle radius.
For cabin/box heaters:
A = L × W
L = Heater length
W = Heater width (tube center to center).
Flue gas flow patterns in the radiant section of properly designed process fired heaters are usually similar irrespective of heater geometry or type. In most fired heaters, tubes are placed along the walls, and the burners reside in the middle. As heat is transferred from the flue gas, it cools and flows downward close to the tubes. This results in a region of hot upward gas flow in the middle of the heater and a cool downward flow adjacent to the tubes. However, this recirculation decreases as over-firing increases. An over-fired heater may have little or no flue gas recirculation. This extreme case results in no flue gas downward flow, and the flow pattern becomes a plug flow.
This over-firing characteristic can be easily correlated with heat density. It is recommended to limit area heat density to a maximum of 250,000 Btu/hr/ft2. Two heaters with different area heat density but with similar firing rates, BWTs and excess air will have different NOx levels. The heater with the lower heat density will have lower NOx.
Common air plenum design. Common combustion air plenums are sometimes provided to better control the combustion air. These need to be designed to provide equal air to all the burners. If the burner plenum system is designed correctly, it is possible to achieve relatively uniform combustion airflow to each individual burner. It is always recommended to carry out a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis to ensure proper air distribution to each burner. The example in Table 5 demonstrates how air maldistribution can starve some burners of combustion air.
It is common to target 2% or even lower excess O2 (Note: 2% O2 is equivalent to 10% excess air). Most new fired heaters are able to operate at lower excess air because of lower tramp air (i.e., lower air leakage) due to better sealing of the casing.
As can be drawn from Table 5, a heater operating with 10% excess air will have a few burners starving for air at 10% air maldistribution. A lower combustion air supply would result in sub-stoichiometric operation for that burner, which will increase CO emissions.

Reed wall. A reed wall is a refractory wall between the burners and the tubes. Reed walls are installed where flue gas circulation patterns within the firebox are pushing flames into the tubes. These walls safeguard tubes from hot flue gases. The burner flame is contained in the space provided for the burner. However, reed walls must be removed in ULNB applications because they prevent internal flue gas recirculation.
Operating parameters: CO emissions
Most fired heater emissions requirements also limit CO emissions. The factors influencing NOx emissions (firebox temperature, excess air and residence time) also influence CO emissions, although in the opposite direction.
NOx emissions are reduced as firebox temperature decreases, but CO emissions increase. CO emissions are generally not an issue at heater design conditions where firebox temperature is relatively high. However, at low heater throughput, CO emissions will increase.
CO is produced by incomplete combustion of fuel gases. The basic combustion process includes the formation of CO as an intermediate product before it is converted to CO2. CO is simple to convert into CO2 if sufficient O2, temperature and mixing are available. The minimum ignition temperature of CO in air is 1,128°F. A firebox temperature higher than the ignition temperature is required to limit CO emissions. Burner suppliers must be consulted for the minimum firebox temperature below which CO emissions are not guaranteed. Generally, CO emissions from a burner are guaranteed at a firebox temperature above 1,300°F.
Draft is defined as negative pressure at any point inside a fired heater. Draft loss across the burner is the pressure drop of combustion air in the burner. Higher available airside pressure drop to the burner almost invariably improves flame pattern and the ability to effectively use internal flue gas recirculation in burners. It is important to provide the actual calculated draft available to the burner supplier.
Site elevation (altitude above sea level) is one of the most-often overlooked parameters while calculating draft. The stack effect decreases with an increase in altitude. If draft is not calculated based on actual site elevation, the burner as well as the heater will have capacity limited due to insufficient draft.
The correlation in Eq. 8 can be used to calculate the draft (measured in inchWC) generated in a heater.

(8)
where:
H = Height, ft
Patm = Atmospheric pressure, psi
Tamb = Ambient air temperature, °R
Tfg = Flue gas temperature, °R.
Atmospheric pressure (Patm) decreases with an increase in site elevation, resulting in a reduction in available draft. Table 6
provides a comparison of draft at approximate site elevations of 0 ft and 5,000 ft.
Fired heater operators tend to operate the heater at a higher draft as a precaution. However, when there is a large change in draft, it can adversely affect the excess air. The example in Table 7 indicates that airflow rate becomes sub-stoichiometric for a draft change from 0.2 inchWC to 0 inchWC. This change may not trigger the low-draft alarm, depending on the instrument setting.

Air leakage. Process fired heaters operate under negative pressure. Even small openings can allow significant quantities of air to leak into the heater. Air leakage into the furnace increases the O2 measured at the arch or stack, independent of the air coming through the burners.
The air coming through the burners will be lower than that measured by an O2 analyzer, which may increase NOx emissions. When furnace air leakage is high, the air coming through the burner may not be enough for complete combustion of the fuel, causing the flames to grow larger and possibly impinge on the furnace tubes. In such a situation, the heater may have to be operated at a higher excess O2, sacrificing heater efficiency to prevent flame impingement.
There are many sources of air leakage in a process heater: tube penetrations, sight ports, joints between heater walls, out-of-service burners, etc. It is important to seal any and all noticeable openings to prevent air leakage and ensure proper burner operation.
Takeaway
With the introduction of next-generation ULNBs, there have been major reductions in NOx emissions. These burners are operating closer to their limits of flame stability and complete combustion. ULNBs are very prone to flame interaction in multi-burner heaters.
ULNBs, along with fired heaters, need to be specified correctly to achieve optimal heater operation. The proper selection of a fuel gas supply system, number of burners, fired duty per burner, location of burners, fired heater design and operating parameters are very important for the optimum performance of a fired heater. Every design step in fired heater and burner design is critical. An oversight at any stage, from fuel gas supply to flue gas disposal, will adversely affect the burner performance as well as the fired heater performance. Many fired heater design and operating parameters may not be of significance with conventional burners, but they become important for ULNBs. HP
The authors
 Sultan Ahamad is a fired heater equipment engineer at Be


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Balance Is the Key to Success
Balance is one of the most important elements in the game of bowling. If a bowler does not maintain balance they will struggle to hit a target and maintain consistency.
To maintain lower body balance, keep the back toe on the floor.
To maintain upper body balance, keep the chin towards the sliding knee. For extreme cases, the bowler may need to feel as though the chin is over the sliding knee (in feeling only).
Learn more about balance by clicking here.


text:
Erfolgreich recherchieren - Medizin
[Successful Research Strategies – Medicine]
- Success as a student today necessitates the effective use of information resources.
- The "Successful Research Strategies" series provides quick and reliable overviews for students at every level of study.
- All the volumes are written by well-known information experts at university and specialized libraries.
- Periodically updated editions are planned.
Aims and Scope
The volume Erfolgreich recherchieren - Medizin [Successful Research Strategies: Medicine] provides a comprehensive overview of information resources in all sectors of medicine. The work not only presents key research tools such as library catalogues, specialized bibliographies, Internet search engines, article databases, and reference works, but also includes strategies for conducting a successful literature search.
- viii, 120 pages
- DE GRUYTER SAUR
- Type of Publication:
- Information competency; information resources; medicine; research; education
- Undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and dental medicine, educational and research institutes, specialist libraries


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This is a good way to find out if other people are signing in to your Facebook account, and knowing the location and timing of those connections!
Check the latest Login to Facebook
Follow these steps,
1. Log into your Facebook account.
2. Go to the dropdown menu, and Click Settings.
3. In the left column, click Security
4. Click Where You're Logged in. You can view your old or active connections, and view the location, time, and connection devices used.
5. Click End Activity to block an active connection. If you see suspicious connections, stop them and change your password.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Music for the soul. Always live!
History of Bachata, The guitar music of the Dominican Republic
Bachata is a popular guitar music from the Dominican Republic. Now overwhelmingly successful among Latinos in the United States, bachata took shape over a period of about forty years in the bars and brothels of Santo Domingo, not gaining acceptance in its native land until about ten years ago. Young groups like Aventura have a similar relationship to original bachata as rock and rollers do to the blues, which has languished in the shadow of its more commercially viable descendant.
In fact, the parallel between bachata and the blues is marked. Although bachata developed out of, and bachateros play, a variety of different rhythms, notably including merengue, the music which is specifically called bachata is a variant of the bolero. The bolero in Latin culture has traditionally been a romantic music, dealing with themes like deception and lost love. The bachatero, like the bluesman, sings about pain and trouble; one difference, though, is that while the bluesman hops on a southbound freight and keeps moving, the bachatero gets as far as the neighborhood bar and looks for solace in a bottle of rum in a dark corner!
The genre has passed through several phases since José Manuel Calderón recorded what is generally recognized as the first bachata single ("Borracho de amor" and "Que será de mi (Condena)") in 1961. Indeed, long before Calderón, guitar music was the music of choice in the places of ill repute which became home to bachata. The guitar and guitar music like bolero and son were also the staples of the campo, the countryside, and with the death of dictator Rafael Trujillo in 1961 a number of musicians left the campo to record in the capital. The dictator's family had virtually monopolized the music industry in the country, and when he was killed entrepreneurs began recording the first generation of bachateros. At this point the music was not yet referred to as bachata, but rather as "bolero campesino". The word bachata originally denoted an informal party where guitar music was generally played—only later did it come to signify the music itself, and then in a denigrating manner.
When Calderón recorded, bachata was essentially a type of bolero, very little different from the Puerto Rican, Ecuadorian, Mexican and Peruvian music that inspired it. In subsequent years, the music began to define itself as a genre which, while still based principally on the bolero rhythm, is easily distinguishable from it. In order to understand these changes it is useful to divide the genre into the following categories, each of which roughly corresponds to a time period:
Author: David Wayne
Editor: Benjamin de Menil
Deborah Pacini Hernandez's book, "Bachata A Social History of a Dominican Popular Music", was one of the sources for this article. David Wayne also draws on first hand experience from his years living in the Dominican Republic, interviews conducted with bachata musicians, and work as a guitarist in numerous bachata bands.


Copywriting is Interface Design
Every letter matters
Copywriting is interface design. Great interfaces are written. If you think every pixel, every icon, every typeface matters, then you also need to believe every letter matters. When you're writing your interface, always put yourself in the shoes of the person who's reading your interface. What do they need to know? How can you explain it succinctly and clearly?
Do you label a button Submit or Save or Update or New or Create? That's copywriting. Do you write three sentences or five? Do you explain with general examples or with details? Do you label content New or Updated or Recently Updated or Modified? Is it There are new messages: 5 or There are 5 new messages or is it 5 or five or messages or posts? All of this matters.
You need to speak the same language as your audience too. Just because you're writing a web app doesn't mean you can get away with technical jargon. Think about your customers and think about what those buttons and words mean to them. Don't use acronyms or words that most people don't understand. Don't use internal lingo. Don't sound like an engineer talking to another engineer. Keep it short and sweet. Say what you need to and no more.
Good writing is good design. It's a rare exception where words don't accompany design. Icons with names, form fields with examples, buttons with labels, step by step instructions in a process, a clear explanation of your refund policy. These are all interface design.


4 Signs You Need a New Dryer Blower Wheel
A white drying machine.
 - 1 hours
 - Intermediate
 - 45
What You'll Need
Blower Fan
The blower fan is a vital component in your clothes dryer. In a gas dryer, this component consists of a drum-shaped fan that is connected to the motor by an axle. In an electric dryer, it is usually a plastic wheel that draws air over the heating element into the dryer drum. The wheel works in synchrony with the motor and creates a powerful air current. It draws air from outside the machine and circulates the air inside the drum to dry clothes. It then expels the air outside the machine through an exhaust vent. Whether yours is a gas or electric dryer, a bad blower wheel needs to be replaced. Below are 4 signs that indicate it's time to replace this component.
1. High Pitched Noise
You may hear a loud squealing or high-pitched noise from your dryer when you run it. In most cases, this can be traced to a faulty blower wheel. The blades of the wheel may become bent with time. They could also develop cracks or wear out at certain points. A faulty wheel strains as it spins which can cause high pitched noises to emanate from your dryer.
2. Loud Vibrations
A laundry room with a dryer.
Your dryer may vibrate loudly soon after the drum begins to move or right after it stops moving. It may even sound like there's a pair of shoes inside the dryer. Sometimes the machine may also rumble when in operation. A likely cause of this noise is a worn out or damaged blower wheel. A damaged wheel spins out of sync with the motor. This may cause the dryer to rumble as it runs. However, sometimes the wheel may just be clogged with lint which can also cause noise when you run the dryer. Remove all dirt from the wheel and test it to see if the dryer is still noisy. If the noise persists, you'll have to replace the wheel.
3. Dryer Doesn't Dry Clothes Properly
An open dryer door.
Perhaps your dryer fails to dry clothes completely. You may feel some wet or damp areas when you remove your clothes from the dryer. This is usually traced to a damaged blower wheel. If the wheel is damaged or worn out, it is likely to create poor airflow within the dryer drum. The wheel will be unable to efficiently expel air and moisture from within the drum into the exhaust vent. This means that even when you set the dryer to run for a full cycle, your clothes will not dry completely. This calls for a wheel replacement.
4. Several Cycles Necessary to Dry a Load
This may be caused by poor or slow airflow through the dryer. Poor airflow is usually caused by a worn-out wheel. Most blower wheels have a D-shaped hole in the center. With time, this hole gets stripped out. This loosens the tension of the wheel as it spins on its axle. The wheel spins out of sync with the motor which causes poor airflow through the dryer. Poor airflow lowers the efficiency of the dryer.
If any of these issues are happening with your dryer, it may be time for a new blower wheel.


Top Vacuum Technology For Space Simulators
Top Vacuum Technology For Space Simulators
January 18, 2021
by Katy Manning
Each year has brought along with it a long list of space-related achievements including new satellites orbiting the planet and different tech products brought to market. This includes specific projects that have been managed by some of the biggest names in the industry such as SPACE-X. The goal of these companies is to maximize new-age tech and bring the world to a new level.
Keeping this in mind, it has become important to analyze vacuum technology for space simulators.
Here is a look at what this tech is all about and how it works.
What is Vacuum Pressure?
In general, space tends to work with air pressure that begins at 100km above sea level. The air pressure that is seen in this space is cited as 0.27 pa. Certain satellites are set at a low earth orbit that can still handle pressure related to gas. Due to this, the satellites tend to lose their height with each passing day.
Vacuum pressure is focused on atmosphere-related pressure that is around an object. In this case, it would have to do with space simulators.
The pressure that is calculated tends to be measured within PSIV.
Since companies don't want to go headfirst into launching random satellites into space, they take the time to test everything on Earth. To do this, they have to mimic the conditions the satellite is going to be dealing with regularly. This is why vacuum technology plays a role in what is being done.
The goal is to make sure everything is tested down to the last detail before launching the satellite.
Space Simulations
The vacuum chamber is set up when it is time to go through a series of space simulations. This means the vacuum range is set up at 10-07 - 10-06. The test tends to be done in this range while fluctuating through different temperature points. The idea behind changing the temperature is to focus on when the sun is going to be closer and when it is not.
There are times when certain vacuum chambers are going to be specifically designed to simulate solar wind too. This is done to handle that kind of pressure without breaking down.
The satellite goes through rigorous testing within this pressure to make sure it continues to work the way it is supposed to. In the end, it is not just about surviving, but also making sure the performance of the satellite doesn't diminish.
Vacuum Testing Requirements
To set up the vacuum chamber, the goal is to take out all of the natural air and begin pumping gases into the chamber with the objects around. This tends to interact with water vapor to create a composition that is tweaked to mimic specific pressure.
This is a key detail to think about when it comes to prepping the entire system.
There are specific blower systems that are used to do this and maintain the pressure. This is the only way to ensure the pressure hits a specific point and then remains there as well. This is key when it comes to managing oil-free vacuum systems that are going to keep the satellite running the way it is supposed to under pressure.
It's important to note, these blower systems can be played around with the handle different pressure points. There are times "toughing" is done with the use of dry screw pumps to create additional pressure.
Thermal Shroud
Let's assume the pressure inside the vacuum chamber is perfect and it is time to start testing the satellites. This is great, but the conditions in space are not always going to be constant. This is why scientists take the time to go through each detail including variable temperatures.
A thermal shroud can assist with this and can make sure heat radiation is controlled down to the last detail.
It is also possible to bring the temperature down with the inclusion of specific cold plates. This can be done with the use of larger chambers and liquid nitrogen.
Space simulators are all about testing objects, so making small tweaks such as this can go a long way. This is also a good way to make sure the leaks don't become uncontrollable.
Dealing with a high-grade vacuum is all about maximizing performance and testing the right way. This is where a thermal shroud can help.
Final Thoughts
Space simulators are a must when it comes to seeing what can and can't be done with specific satellites. Having all of this information not only helps right now but also makes it easier to set up advancements that push the space industry forward without taking on major losses.
This equipment is powerful, easy to set up, and offers long-term value that is a must when testing. The tech continues to get better with time and continues to add value to upcoming space projects.
Back to Blog


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National Emergency Medical Services Week, May 19-25 2013, brings together local communities and medical personnel to publicize safety and honor the dedication of those who provide the day-to-day pre-hospital lifesaving services.
On May 18, the Phoenix Fire Department will open up four fire stations across Phoenix to let the public get to know their first responders and
to discuss the importance of pre-hospital emergency medical service.
Emergency medical calls make up 87% of the calls to the Phoenix Fire Department. In calendar year 2012, firefighters responded to 149,441 emergency medical calls.
The HEAT is ON!
The triple digit figures have arrived. Do you know how to deal with heat-related injuries?
WHEN IN DOUBT CALL 911
Heat-related injuries fall into three categories:
- Heat Cramps
- Heat Exhaustion
Heat cramps are muscular pains and spasms that occur during profuse sweating or when inadequate electrolytes are taken into the body. Treatment for heat cramps is to rest in the shade, get near a fan, spray the person with water and massage the cramp.
Heat Exhaustion is an dangerous. A person will perspire profusely and most likely will be pale.
It is best treated by taking the patient to a cool place, applying cool compresses, elevating the feet and giving the patient fluids.
Heat Stroke is an emergency – CALL 911. The brain has lost its ability to regulate body temperature. The patient will be hot, reddish and warm to the touch. The temperature will be markedly high and there will be no perspiration.
One of the best methods for cooling the body during any heat emergency is to wrap the patient in cool, wet sheets.
May is National Water Safety Awareness Month!
Learn how to sign up for swim lessons at Phoenix pools.


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- Case Study - VOC and RSC Sampling at Downtown Fire Hall for an Odour Event. Introduction. Response: - Three-month monitoring during the winter 2010-2011. - Canister sampling when odour was perceived. Problem:
VOC and RSC Sampling
at Downtown Fire Hall for an Odour Event
- Three-month monitoring during the winter 2010-2011.
- Canister sampling when odour was perceived.
Occasional odour complaints during cold winter days when atmosphere is stable.
To investigate the potential sources of odours.
- Temperature: -17°C, increasing from midnight of -22°C.
- Wind: Low wind speed ~3-4 km/hr from SW direction.
- Upwind sources: CPR rail yard and downtown business/traffic
- SO2: 3 ppb, maximum of the day (baseline conc. <1 ppb).
- Locomotive diesel contains higher sulphur (max 500 mg-S/kg) than
on-road diesel fuel (max 15 mg-S/kg).
- Normal conc. pattern for the other pollutants (NOx, CO, THC, O3, PM2.5).
06:22 am: 3 ppb, max. of the day
- A grab sample was collected.
- 06:22 am January 31, 2013 when an odour was perceived.
- Sample was analyzed for
Reduced sulphur compounds (RSC), and
Volatile organic compounds (VOC).
- Small sample size, n = 1.
- Sample did not detect a unique signature species.
- Compare to the Mirror rail yard study (AESRD, 2011).
- Mirror is located approx. 50 km NE of Red Deer.
- Simple flat terrain, few emission sources near Mirror.
- The program collected both upwind & downwind samples.
- Rail yard activities information was recorded.
Nevis Gas Plant
4 km approx.
Nevis Booster Compressor
7 km approx.
– Typical sulphide odour, like a rotten egg smell
– Most abundant sulphur compound naturally present in atmosphere.
– Anthropogenic sources:
Upwind of rail yard
Downwind of rail yard, with active rail yard activities
Downwind of the south rail yard, but little activities in this section
- Detected in most samples (active & minimal yard activities)
- Conc. not apparently higher for samples with active rail yard activities upwind (B,C vs. D,E) .
- In Canada, vehicle emission accounts for >80% of benzene in an urban area.
- Traffic volume: City of Medicine Hat > Hamlet of Mirror
- Other petroleum fuel combustion is another potential source of benzene.
- Railyard operation might not be the sole emission source of toluene.
- Toluene is a naturally occurring component of crude oil and petroleum.
- Major anthropogenic sources in Alberta are O&G operation and cement manufacturing.
- Potential link with rail yard activities.
Butane & isobutane: refrigerant, aerosol propellant, fuel blending.
Freon-11: refrigerant, aerosol propellant.
Although low concentration, some species present a trend with wind pattern and rail yard activities.
Five species were detected in the samples when wind was from both active and less active rail yard.
Only methylcyclohexane was detected in the sample upwind of rail yard.


1/9 The Dark Knight Rises
This is a great beginner project for anyone new to model lighting. It demonstrates how a basic lighting system can transform a model into an eye-catching display piece.
This light kit is designed for use with the Crazy Toys 1/9 figure as shown, but could no doubt be incorporated for use in many of the Batman display models.
For this lighting project you will need:
1) The pre-wired set available from our store.
2) A 2mm and 5mm drill.
3) Three dot stickers (or equivalent markers).
4) One standard 9v battery.
Step 1
When you have assembled your Batman figure, place it on the display base provided with the kit. There is a small raised dot on the base where the fingers of the right hand should be positioned. From there we need to mark out the position of where each led needs to fit. The two ultra violets are positioned at either side of the model to give the blue-on-black effect. The warm white illuminates the figures face. Use your dot stickers to mark the positions of each led (see photos).
Step 2
When you are happy with each led position, ensure each marker sticker is firmly in place and remove the figure from the base. Although using stickers to mark the positions isn't essential, regular visitors to the site will know that this is my preferred way of doing this task. Firstly it provides an easy visual reference, and secondly - perhaps more importantly - helps provide a "key" for the drill bit.
To drill the holes, first pre-drill each hole with the 2mm drill. The final diameter for each hole needs to be 5mm, but don't attempt to drill this in one go using the 5mm drill - you risk splitting the plastic base. Take your time, and using the 2mm drill, pre-drill each hole using the weight of the drill itself as the downward force. When done, widen each hole to 5mm diameter.
Don't be afraid to connect the battery to the light kit, and position the leds underneath the model to experiment with the different lighting effects that you can get.
Remember, as with all the projects, this is your model build - and there isn't only one way of doing things.
Try your own ideas and experiment with different effects!
A great tip to make positioning the lights easy - ensure the model is in the correct place, and then use either a pencil or screwdriver to show where on the model each led light beam will hit. For example, the warm white led is to illuminate the figures face, so position the pencil in front of the figures face, running down to the base, to get the most accurate placement.
When the 5mm holes are drilled, insert the plastic led clips into each one, and push them fully into place.
Step 3
Turn the model base over, and loosely place each led in position in the fitting clip. Do not try to push the leds into place using the wires, as this risks breaking the connections. Instead, use a flat blade scewdriver to push each led firmly into their holders, placing the blade of the screwdriver between the led wires - see photo.
All done!
Add the 9v battery, turn the base over and re-fit the figure. As you can see, the lighting really enhances this particular model - and now you know how to get Batman "blues" as an effect for future projects :)


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Soil pH and Moisture Tester HB-2 with 10-Pack of Conditioning Film
Soil pH and Moisture Tester HB-2 with 10-Pack of Conditioning Film by Kelway at Buy Online Guru. MPN: HB-2/KCF10. Hurry! Limited time offer. Offer valid only while supplies last. Included with this Soil pH and Moisture Meter HB-2 is a 10 pack of Conditioning Film. The film is used to wipe off the metal plates on your meter to
Included with this Soil pH and Moisture Meter HB-2 is a 10 pack of Conditioning Film. The film is used to wipe off the metal plates on your meter to keep your readings accurate. Touching the metal plates with your fingers could alter your readings, so always use the Conditioning Film to clean the plates.
Insert the HB-2 Soil pH and Moisture Meter 2" deep into most soils. It will accurately determine if your soil has proper levels of soil acidity and moisture so you can make adjustments if necessary. Does not require batteries to operate, as the two metal plates on the meter create the energy needed. Soil acidity levels are shown in the upper scale, with a pH scale range from 0-14 and readings from 3.5-7.5. A reading of 7.0 is neutral, with values above 7.0 show more alkaline present in the soil and values below 7.0 show more acidity in the soil. The moisture level ranges from 0-100% and are shown in the lower scale when the switch button is held low.
Features & Highlights
- Soil pH and Moisture Meter with 10 Pack of Conditioning Film
- 3.5 to 7.5 pH level reading
- 0 to 100% moisture level reading
- Conditioning Film is used to wipe off metal plates on the bottom (do not touch plates with your hands)
- No batteries required
Have questions about this item, or would like to inquire about a custom or bulk order?
If you have any questions about this product by Kelway, contact us by completing and submitting the form below. If you are looking for a specif part number, please include it with your message.
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The face of the angel of history is turned toward the past. Where we perceived a chain of events, he sees a single catastrophe which keeps piling wreckage and hurls it in front of his feet. The angel would like to stay, awaken the dead, and make whole what has been smashed. But a storm is blowing from Paradise; it has got caught in his wings with such violence that the angel can no longer close them. This storm irresistably propels him into the future to which his back is turned, while the pile of debris before him grows skyward. The storm is what we call progress.
Source: The History Of Human Rights by Micheline Ishay, the quote is Walter Benjamin's description of Paul Klee's painting "Angelus Novus" (Angel of History)
Contributed by: pura-vida


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We are pleased to point out this very relevant article by Daniel Juchli published by Wiley Analytical Science:
Next generation laboratory automation standard
What does digital transformation mean in the lab? Are you thinking about automation? Connectivity? Or even machine learning or artificial intelligence?
SiLA's mission is to create international standards that enable open connectivity in laboratory automation. SiLA's vision is to create interoperability, flexibility and resource optimization for the integration of laboratory equipment and software based on standardized communication protocols and data specifications.
SiLA promotes open standards to enable the integration and exchange of intelligent systems in a cost-effective and simple manner.
You can read the full article here read.


When a person stands on tiptoe (a strenuous position), the position of the foot is as shown in Figure (a). The total gravitational force on the body, vector F g, is supported by the force vector n exerted by the floor on the toes of one foot. A mechanical model of the situation is shown in Figure (b), where vector T is the force exerted by the Achilles tendon on the foot and vector R is the force exerted by the tibia on the foot. Find the values of vector T, vector R, and? when vector F g = 645 N. (Do not assume that vector R is parallel to vector T.)


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Sheep farming, an ancient and iconic institution in rural Wales, is coming under threat from a number of different angles.
Sheep-raising once dominated Britain's economy and played a significant role in the country's industrial development. In 1660, in fact, wool accounted for two-thirds of the nation's exports. While the wool industry has largely vanished from the landscape, lamb production remains a significant endeavor, particularly in Wales -- as recently as 2009, sheep accounted for almost one-fifth (19 percent) of Welsh agricultural output.
About 13,000 sheep farms still operate in Wales today, with about three times as many jobs related to raising of lambs.
On the whole, British sheep meat exports accounted for about 10 percent of global lamb trade.
In a report for the Nuffield Farming Scholarships Trust, Arwyn Owen -- farm manager at Hafod y Llan, which is owned by the National Trust, in North Wales -- noted that the climate and poor soil of Wales precluded the development of agricultural crops, but was ideal for livestock farming.
But now, dropping lamb prices, declining production, foreign competition, the euro zone financial crisis, rising feed costs, reduced government subsidies and global warming, among other issues, may conspire to endanger a lifestyle that has defined the Welsh culture and economy for centuries.
The Farmers Guardian newspaper reported that average lamb prices have dropped almost one-third over the past year, putting extreme pressure on Welsh sheep farmers.
"I understand the frustration the current situation is causing for producers, with many of the factors, such as the weather and exchange rates, clearly outside the control of the Welsh government," Deputy Agriculture Minister Alun Davies said. "While it is ultimately for the sheep industry to ensure it produces what the market requires, the Welsh government will provide increased support to help lamb producers achieve the efficiency and profitability we all agree is required."
Davies also said he had asked authorities to provide sheep farmers with technical assistance.
"These services are key to helping farmers drive down costs and deliver modern, thriving, profitable businesses," he said.
However, farming union officials warn that the danger is urgent -- that slipping prices will slash incomes by more than half for many Welsh sheep farmers.
Ed Bailey, president of the Welsh branch of the National Farmers Union (NFU-Cymru) said that while breeding flock has been increasing in recent years (after a loss of more than 1-million breeding ewes in Wales between 2001 and 2009), he is worried about the future.
"Despite the fact that I remain optimistic for the long-term prospects of the Welsh sheep industry, I am however concerned that recent events will make a number of producers consider their future plans," he told the Shropshire Star newspaper.
Wales also needs to find more export markets for its lamb as the appetite for mutton in Europe appears to be falling. The financial pinch on the continent, particularly France, one of the top markets for Welsh lamb, has also hurt the business.
One alternate possibility is China, which already accounts for a large portion of the global market.
Indeed, according to the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization, nearly 80 percent of lamb produced in 2010 was consumed by the developing world, including China, which accounts for 30 percent of consumption.
Closer to home, a potential exit by the United Kingdom from the European Union, some speculate, could also doom the Welsh sheep industry.
The Daily Post newspaper reported that Emyr Jones, president of the Farmers' Union of Wales, warned that if Britain pulled out of the EU – which may be put to referendum by Prime Minister David Cameron's government -- it would drain some £500 million ($786 million) out of the British economy, requiring every sheep farmer in the country to generate an extra £40 per lamb just to compensate.
"The EU injects around half a billion a year into Wales' rural communities through the CAP," Jones said, referring to the EU's direct subsidy payment scheme, the Common Agricultural Policy.
"Without that money our rural communities would collapse. The UK government has made it clear it will not provide that half a billion if we exit the EU. But it has not explained how our economy will make up for the loss of that money."
Such a scenario, Jones warned, would lead to the closure of abattoirs and trigger job losses.
Agriculture Minister Davies also expressed alarm over the British government's proposals to cut CAP payments.
"This is critical funding that will help underpin not only individual farm businesses, but the wider rural economy," he noted.
Some factors hurting Wales' sheep industry are beyond anyone's control.
For example, bad weather, which can exacerbate the already high costs of production and distribution.
"Last year was one of the wettest summers in the UK since records began and slowed the rate at which farmers were able to get their lambs ready for market," Dai Davies, chairman of the Welsh red meat development agency, Hybu Cig Cymru, told the Shropshire Star.
"This delay has meant more domestic lamb coming onto the market at the same time as cheaper lamb from other countries traditionally comes into the UK. The competition on supermarket shelves has meant the market value of lamb in the UK has dropped, while the delay in finishing lambs has led to an increase in costs."
Davies added: "At this time of year, most farmers will need to use concentrates to finish lambs because they may not get the necessary nutrients from grass alone — but this cost has increased significantly with some suppliers quoting prices 25 percent higher than last year."
Climate change also poses a potentially grave threat to Wales' sheep.
An animal geneticist, professor Mike Bruford of Cardiff University's School of Biosciences, told Wales Online that if temperatures rise over the century by the magnitude expected, the country's current stock of lowland sheep need to either adapt or disappear.
"I think they [lowland sheep] are vulnerable on two counts," he said.
"First, because they have lower genetic variation and because they are more [in] control over sires. Secondly, because the prediction is that the temperature variations [are] going to be much higher at lower altitudes -- I think they are vulnerable, yes. If you look at the sheep in the south of Britain, below the M4 corridor [from London to South Wales] and at sea level, the predictions are really quite stark. I think you're going to need different sheep. It is a bit like an 'adapt or die' message."
So, will Wales' sheep farms go the way of the legendary coal mines, which have virtually disappeared?
Owen, for one, does not think so, striking a cautiously optimistic tone.
"Despite all the economic pressures, there are still young people keen to start farming," he said.
"It has always been difficult to make a living from sheep production and virtually impossible without [government] support payments. However, sheep play a crucial role in shaping the landscape and sheep farming delivers much more than just food. In my opinion, society is increasingly recognizing that sheep farming underpins a range of outputs which are difficult to value, including nature conservation, clean water, water storage, carbon storage, iconic landscapes, recreational access and the Welsh language. For this reason I believe that there will continue to be support payments albeit in a continually evolving framework."
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The Flood of '55
Hurricanes and record rainfalls cause a deadly, devastating flood in August 1955
In August of 1955, Hurricanes Connie and Diane smashed into Connecticut. The storms spawned record rainfalls that transformed placid rivers into killers. During the night of August 18, 1955, and into the next morning, the landscape of nearly half of the state was ravaged and transformed. Dozens were left dead, thousands became homeless and the lives of survivors were forever changed.
Forty years later, Connecticut citizens recounted the most traumatic experience of their lives in The Flood of '55. Underscored by stunning archival film and photographs, this documentary is an unforgettable story of tragedy and heroism; of lives ended and lives renewed.
Original Broadcast: Saturday, 12/04/04 at 11:30AM
Approximate Length: 60 minutes
Executive Producer: Larry Rifkin Writer/Producer: Rich Hanley
Co-producer, Valley segment: Gary Peterson Narrator: Charlie Bagley
Original Music: Bruce Zimmerman Copyright: 1996 Connecticut Public Television


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If the number entered at the prompt has a 'g' suffix (e.g., 123g), then Lynx will make the link corresponding to that number the current link, paging as appropriate if the link does not appear in the currently displayed page. The 'g' suffix is inferred (need not be entered) for form fields in Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode.
Alternatively, if the number is given a 'p' suffix (e.g., 123p), Lynx will make the page corresponding to that number the currently displayed page, and the first link on that page, if any, the current link. The 'g' and 'p' suffixes thus convert the Follow link (or goto link or page) number: feature to an advanced navigation aid.
Finally, a user may add a + or - suffix to a number command to indicate jumping forward or back relative to the current link or page. For example, typing 1g+ followed by RETURN will move the current link to the next numbered link, skipping any intervening pages or unnumbered links; 1ggoes to the preceding numbered link. On a page without links, 3g+ goes to the 3rd link following the page. 5p+ skips ahead 5 pages, and so on. You can also enter 5+ or 5-, which will activate the 5th link ahead/behind where you are currently positioned. Note that typing 1g+ is different from typing a down arrow in that 1g+ skips pages containing no links, or intervening non-numbered links, such as form fields when form fields are not numbered. It also differs from the command in that 1g+ does not skip over whole textareas, unless form fields are not numbered.
NOTE: 1+g 1-g 1+p 1-p are all recognized as equivalent to 1g+ 1g- 1p+ 1p-. Any other (mistyped) characters end the formula: e.g. 1gh+ is treated as 1g.
If the user has set Keypad mode to Numbers act as arrows, then only '0', rather than every number, will be treated as an F_LINK_NUM command for invoking the Follow link (or goto link or page) number: prompt. The '0' will not be treated as the first digit for the number, or number plus suffix, entry.
Numbers are associated with form fields only when Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode has been selected. If you have selected Numbers act as arrows or Links are numbered mode, you can seek form fields in the document via WHEREIS searches for strings in their displayed values. If they are INPUT or TEXTAREA fields with no values as yet, you can use two or more underscores as the search string, because underscores are used as placeholders for form fields in the displayed document.
When you have invoked a popup window for a list of OPTIONs in a form's SELECT block, each OPTION is associated with a number, and that number will be displayed in Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode. In any keypad mode, the F_LINK_NUM ('0') command will invoke a Select option (or page) number: prompt, and you can enter a number, and optionally a 'g' or 'p' suffix, to select or seek an OPTION in that list. If only a number is entered at the prompt, the corresponding OPTION will be selected and the popup will be retracted. If the 'g' suffix is included, then you will be positioned on the corresponding OPTION in the list, paging through the list if necessary, but it will not be treated as selected unless you enter the ACTIVATE (RETURN or right-arrow) command when positioned on the OPTION. For purposes of paging (e.g., in conjunction with the 'p' suffix), a page is defined as the number of OPTIONs displayed within the vertical dimension of the popup window. Finally, the + and - suffixes can be used to move forward or back from the current option or page in a popup menu, similarly to the way they are used for links For example, while viewing a popup window, the user can type 3p+ and RETURN to skip ahead 3 pages, and 50gwill move the current selection back 50 options. This will work whether or not keypad mode is Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered since options are numbered internally. If form field numbering is turned off, the option numbers won't appear on screen, but the user can still navigate using these commands.
Note that HTML can be structured so that it includes hidden links, i.e., without a visible link name intended for ACTIVATE-ing the link. Such links may be created, for example, by making an IMG element the sole content of an Anchor element, and including an ALT="" attribute name/value pair to suppress access to the link when the browser does not have support for image handling available. They also can be created by having truly empty Anchor content, in cases for which the value of an Anchor's HREF attribute is intended as a navigation aid for robots (typically indexers) and not as content for a browser's rendition of the document. With the -ismap command line switch, Lynx will additionally treat a link to a server-side image maps as hidden if there also is a client-side map for the same image. Finally, in some cases links that are not intended to be hidden may effectively become hidden links because of bad HTML. The hidden links differ from Anchors that have only a NAME or ID attribute name/value pair (intended as positioning targets from other links which do have HREF attributes and values that include a fragment).
Lynx respects instructions for hidden links and normally does not include them in the rendition of the document. However, if the command line switch -hiddenlinks=merge is used, such links will still be numbered in sequence with other links which are not hidden, and if Links are numbered mode is also on, link numbers will appear for them in the displayed text (except for links to image maps which are hidden because of -ismap). If -hiddenlinks=listonly or -hiddenlinks=ignore is in effect, hidden links will not be shown in the text even in links are numbered mode. Not using a -hiddenlinks flag at all is equivalent to -hiddenlinks=listonly.
If a document includes hidden links, they will be reported, with appropriate labeling, in the menus created for the LIST ('l') or ADDRLIST ('A') commands, unless -hiddenlinks=ignore is used. They can then be ACTIVATE-ed via those menus. Also, if a link was hidden because of an ALT attribute in an IMG element, it will be converted to a visible link whenever the IMAGE_TOGGLE ('*') command is used to create links for SRC attribute values of IMG elements, because this indicates that the user does have some form of image handling enabled via a helper application, or wishes to download files for subsequent use with a graphic browser or other suitable software.
HTML forms also may have fields with a HIDDEN attribute, indicating that a name/value pair for the fields should be included in the content submitted for the form, but the value should not be displayed in the rendered form. Lynx respects this attribute as well, and neither displays the HIDDEN field, nor assigns it a number for the F_LINK_NUM ('0') command and Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered keypad mode handling, nor includes an entry for it in the menus created for the LIST ('l') or ADDRLIST ('A') commands. However, the HIDDEN name/value pairs are included in any displays of submitted form content in the Information about the current document that is invoked by the INFO ('=') command.


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Eighteen ways to raise your kids Jewish
By Rabbi Fabian Werbin
- Your kids need a Hebrew name. The way we name them is through the Brit Milah for the boys and Simchat Bat for the ladies. During these ceremonies the kids receive their Jewish name.
- Teach the kids one new Hebrew word every week.
- Bring the kids to the Synagogue; make them feel that the Synagogue is their home.
- Teach them Hebrew. Hebrew is the common language of the Jewish people.
- Read with them the stories of the Tanach (Bible). The kids will love to know the stories of Noah, Abraham, Moses, Sampson, King David, Elias the Prophet and more.
- Celebrate with them all the Jewish holidays. Ask them to prepare a picture for the upcoming festival and show it to the family during the celebration.
- Talk to them about Israel. Israel is the center of the Jewish life. Begin saving money now to send them to visit Israel.
- Ask your rabbi to visit you at home, and get together with the rabbi. Your rabbi will be glad to tell your kids stories about Judaism. The kids will be very proud and impressed seeing their rabbi at their homes.
- Send the kids to a Jewish camp. It is amazing how the kids reinforce their Jewish identity when they attend Jewish summer camps.
- Visit the sick. This is a very nice mitzvah and the kids appreciate when you do that. If you teach them that visiting the sick is highly valued in Judaism, they will come with you to fulfill this commandment.
- Cook Jewish food with them. Every holiday has its own recipe. Cook with your kids, have fun and talk about kashrus with them.
- Give Jewish gifts to your kids. A Menorah for Hanukkah, a dreidl, a new kippa, a nice costume for Purim, a chain with a Magen David.
- Take them to Jewish Museums. It is incredible how the kids strengthen their identity after visiting Museums like the Holocaust Museum or the Jewish Museum.
- Paint a t-shirt using Jewish symbols with your kids. Your kids will be proud to use the shirts, especially since they made them with their parents!
- Show them old Jewish movies like "Yentl", "Fiddler on the Roof", "A Stranger Among Us", etc. Remember the first talking picture was "The Jazz Singer", the story of a Jewish Cantor.
- Bring the kids to the Synagogue and show them the Torah scrolls. They will love the experience and will learn that Torah is for everybody, not only for adults.
- Every night before they go to sleep, bless them and teach them to say Sh'ma Israel
- On Fridays nights encourage the ladies to light the candles and the boys to say Kiddush.


Film form and culture pdf
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film form and culture pdf
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The Postfeminist Biopic pp Cite as. In order to contextualise the subgenre of the postfeminist biopic, Chapter 1 lays out a series of debates within feminist film theory and postfeminism. It begins by exploring the dominant concerns of early feminist film scholarship, reviewing the methodologies of key scholars, and discussing why various forms of cultural analysis have supplanted earlier approaches such as gaze theory. In a second section the chapter considers the concept of postfeminism, a contested term that has been used by journalists and some scholars to describe contemporary culture since the early s. Postfeminism has been variously interpreted as a backlash against feminism, a double entanglement of feminist and anti-feminist themes, a historical shift away from feminism, and an epistemological break with feminism. After considering each perspective, the chapter concludes that one of the less popular definitions within the debate, the argument that postfeminism represents an epistemological break from second-wave feminist ideas, is most constructive to identifying the shared characteristics of what I call the postfeminist biopic. Unable to display preview.
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Film Form
The Altering Eye: Contemporary International Cinema - PDF
A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Over time documentaries have evolved to be longer in length and to include more categories, such as educational, observational, and even'docufiction '. Documentaries are also educational and often used in schools to teach various principles. Social media platforms such as YouTube, have allowed documentary films to improve the ways the films are distributed and able to educate and broaden the reach of people who receive the information. He wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de l'histoire eng. Animated photography. Both were published in in French and among the early written works to consider the historical and documentary value of the film.
"Kolker's lucid, accessible style gives this book a pace and energy that sets it apart. Among the many introductory FILM, FORM, AND CULTURE film textbooks,.
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American Literature Class, Language, and American Film Comedy. By Christopher Beach. New York: Cambridge Univ. These two studies take essentially literary approaches to popular culture. Messenger's reading of The Godfather treats Puzo's novel, Coppola's movies, and their many sequels and by-blows as one composite text, and he tends to concentrate on plot, character, theme, and language. Beach analyzes resonances of class difference and conflict in the language and plots of film comedies from the Marx Brothers to the Coen brothers.
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A power failure on July 2, which affected two million people from Canada to Mexico, began with an Idaho transmission line that short-circuited when electricity jumped to a tree that had grown too close, investigators say.
The failure in that line, combined with record demands of power during hot weather, led to a ripple effect that cut power to 15 Western states and parts of Canada and Mexico, said Corry Alsberg, a spokeswoman for a group of regional utilities.
Investigators announced their conclusions about the blackout -- which lasted a few hours -- at a closed meeting of the Western Systems Coordinating Council on Friday.
The tree caused the electricity to arc, or flashover, in a remote area about 100 miles east of the Kinport substation in southeastern Idaho. The Idaho line carries 345,000 volts.
The flashover, in combination with several other factors, was enough to trip the first in a series of blackouts. Other factors in the failure included near-record hydropower generation in the Pacific Northwest and California as well as high power transfers on lines between the Pacific Northwest and California.


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The Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE) Study Program of Swiss German University (SGU) went on an excursion on Java Island from 25th to 30th October 2017. This excursion was led by Dr. Matthias Guenther, Head of Research Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. The occasion was the visit of Prof. Matthias Schirmer, the Head of the study program Environmental Technology and Development at Ernst-Abbe-HochschuleJena (EAH Jena). Some locations on Java were visited that are related to energy research and economy. Besides the two lecturers, SEE students joined a part of the excursion.
The first location visited was the power plant component factory PT Siemens Indonesia in Cilegon, Banten. Dr. Matthias Guenther and Prof. Matthias Schirmer were accompanied by two SEE students, Rachel Radulla and Sabrina Hopf. The visit was led by Mr. Michael Strunk from Siemens Indonesia who showed the factory to the SGU guests and explained them its operation.
The next location was the Geothermal Power Plant Kamojang near Garut, the first Indonesian geothermal plant which started its operation in 1983. The power plant is jointly operated by PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy and PT Indonesia Power, a subsidiary of PT PLN (Persero).
The next day, the team went to Baron Techno Park in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Baron Techno Park is a development and education center for sustainable energy under Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT). It is an experimental platform for sustainable energy solutions containing wind turbines, PV devices, a wave energy converter and a fuel cell. There is a biodiesel generation facility and also a seawater desalination plant. Additionally, the park contains an energy education and information facility.
The excursion was continued with the visit of two locations in West Java, where the lecturers were guided by the energy and environmental consultancy and engineering company PT Entec Indonesia. The first location was the ASEAN Hydropower Competence Center (HYCOM) in Bandung, an international training and dissemination facility for mini hydropower. The second location was the Melong Micro Hydropower Plant (PLTMH Melong, 100 kW), which is operated by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Ketenagalistrikan, Energi Baru, Terbarukan dan Konservasi Energi (P3TKEBTKE) under the Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM).
During the excursion, Dr. Matthias Schirmer and Dr. Matthias Guenther also took their time to climb Mount Merapi and to visit Borobudur Temple. Before the excursion, Prof. Matthias Schirmerhad gave a general lecture about Waste Management Technology for SEE students at SGU Campus. The visit from EAH Jena was a good opportunity to tighten the relationship between the two institutions and between lecturers of the two universities. SGU cooperates with EAH Jena in the areas of Sustainable Energy and Environment, and Business Administration. Both institutions hope to strengthen the cooperation in the future.


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We can't get enough of the Pittsburgh Zoo's Painted Hunting Dogs. Their submissive nature is very much on display in this adorable video as they build up the courage to collectively take a dip. (Note that the sound goes in and out.)
Last month we brought you the Pittsburgh Zoo'snew litter of orphan Painted Hunting Dog pups which were being nursed by a surrogate domestic dog. Today we check back in on the feisty and playful (and a little wild) puppies, now about six weeks old. Note that the video sound goes in and out.
Last week, photographer ysaleth snapped these adorable shots of the San Diego Zoo's New Guinea Singing Dog puppy. This wild dog has been isolated from other dog populations for nearly 6,000 years and has developed the ability to modulate its characteristic howl, resulting in a song-like vocalization.
The endangered Painted Hunting Dog or African Wild Dog once numbered as many as 500,000 individuals but human population growth has shrunk that number to only about 3,000. Almost unheard of among social mammals, the Painted Hunting Dog's social structure is a submission-based hierarchy, meaning whoever begs the most gets the most food instead of whomever is most aggressive.
These nine pups were born just days ago at the Pittsburgh Zoo but sadly the mother died shortly thereafter. Luckily a surrogate mixed breed dog was found who was happy to step-in.