text:
While it's possible to file your taxes months in advance, it's commonplace to procrastinate and not get to the task until the last minute—increasing the chances of making mistakes and overpaying while you're at it. According to surveys, tax procrastinators have been known to overpay by hundreds due to mistakes that came as a result of rushing the process and making last minute changes, and they fork over roughly double the amount that early filers pay just to get their taxes done. Understandably, procrastinators are also much less comfortable with their often-frantic filing methods they're forced to employ as the clock is ticking. So why is it that so many of us stall so much when it comes to filling out 1040s?
There are many benefits to filing early, starting with that it would shorten our misery and just get the whole thing over with. Also, many people expect to get a refund, and whether it's $5 or $5,000, that's money you'd have sooner in your pocket rather than in the government's coffers.
Making matters worse, procrastination actually increases the odds of paying more—in tax payments and tax preparation alike. According to a survey conducted by H&R Block, the average tax procrastinator overpaid by about $400 due to mistakes that came as a result of rushing the process and making last minute changes. In another data roundup by TechBargains, on average early filers (January and February) paid $87 to do their taxes, compared to $163 for procrastinators who file in April or later. And while 89% of early filers feel positive about their method of filing taxes, only 62% of procrastinators can say the same.
So why do so many people procrastinate on taxes? Actually, 20% of the adult population engages in chronic procrastination on all sorts of everyday tasks, and while taxes may be accompanied by a special level of stalling, it's not all that different from procrastination in general. To get to the heart of why people put off completing their taxes, we need to understand what causes the more generic, run-of-the-mill procrastination. There are seven basic reasons why we procrastinate:
1. No obvious penalties. Many people procrastinate for the simple reason that they've gotten away with it in the past. The government doesn't care whether you file early or not, so if you get your return in just before the deadline there's no harm, no foul. Not officially anyway. But doing your taxes at the last minute is likely to lead to mistakes, and mistakes can lead to an ugly audit, which includes the possibility of very real penalties.
Generally speaking, it's often hard to see how procrastination can do damage to one's career and relationships. Family, teachers, and bosses may get a little agitated if you chronically put things off until the last minute, but the people around you may be too nice to confront you every single time a deadline nears and the job's not done. Such politeness is a backhanded way of rewarding procrastination. Unless you actually lose a job or fail a class because of habitually missing deadlines, there's little incentive to change behavior. Yet if and when such a severe consequence occurs, the last bit of procrastination may seem like an isolated incident, rather than the straw that broke the camel's back that it truly is. Some procrastinators must realize that, even if they're not immediately apparent, harm can and probably is being done by putting things off.
2. Excuses, excuses, excuses. You can always justify procrastination by blaming the circumstances. Excuses tend to be of the self-serving variety, and if other people engaged in the same procrastination as you, you'd be skeptical if not downright convinced that they were fudging the truth. Things are different when it's you who is making the excuses. Self-serving biases fall into the general category that psychologists call the "fundamental attribution error." Through this process we're blinded to our own flaws and forgive ourselves for all sorts of mistakes and imperfections, including tardiness, with any number of excuses conveniently helping the cause.
(MORE: The Jobless Generation)
3. Perfectionism. Though seeking perfection may seem like a desirable quality, it can actually leave people incapable of moving forward on high-stakes tasks, such as doing their taxes. For perfectionists, the fear of making a huge goof—paying too much, or screwing up so badly you'll wind up in serious legal trouble—can be paralyzing. People with a strong need to have everything just so may have all the work on their taxes done months ahead of the deadline, but put off filing because they want to make sure they haven't made any errors. They may also wait in hopes that they'll find a new angle that will save them money. In the meantime, the tax process is torturing them, and the government is holding onto a refund that could already be in the perfectionist's bank account.
4. Waiting = excitement. Originally developed by DePaul psychologist Joseph Ferrari, the concept of "arousal procrastination" was originally met with skepticism. However, a 2011 study of college students (procrastinators par excellence) revealed that for certain individuals, procrastination produces the "kickstart" needed to put them in high gear. Researchers found that undergraduates high on the quality of extraversion (outgoingness) were more likely to fit into this pattern of procrastination. Extroverts, by definition, seek stimulation from outside of themselves. Waiting until the last possible moment to tend to an important task can actually give these people a powerful emotional high.
5. Grace under pressure? Hardly. Plenty of people operate under the misconception left over from their school days: a totally irrational and unfounded theory that they do their very best work when a deadline is rapidly approaching. The majority of people are actually less effective and more prone to making mistakes if they wait until the last minute, but myths learned in the past are hard to correct. Our faulty memories of the past lead us to remember the times we came through in glory racing through the finish line. We tend to gloss over the times when we embarrassingly tripped or failed to finish the race, though.
6. Laziness, disorganization, lack of discipline. Psychologists avoid terms like "laziness" to describe our fellow humans, so instead we use more neutral phrases such as "failure to self-regulate." People who procrastinate not only have trouble self-regulating, but are also convinced that they aren't up to the challenge and just can't ever get organized. So they often don't even try. It becomes a self-fulfilling prophesy, in which a person has trouble completing tasks partially because he believes he's unable to get the job done, and done well, on time. Such a frame of mind leads to throwing up one's hands and giving up before ever really giving the task at hand their best effort.
7. Shoot-in-the-foot syndrome. There's an assumption that everyone wants to perform well. However, due to a conscious or unconscious fear of success, some especially neurotic individuals want exactly the opposite. By irritating other people, turning in lackluster work, missing deadlines, and procrastinating at every turn, they seem determined to put themselves on the road to failure. When it comes to tasks such as tax filing, many procrastinators are well aware that their last-minute filing greatly increases the chances they'll do something wrong. In the worst case scenario, they'll get audited and penalized as a result of sloppy errors that could have easily been corrected. But some people can't help themselves.
If you're feeling guilty as charged, you can't do anything now to reverse the clock. By understanding why you procrastinate, however, there's a chance that at this time next year, you'll be cashing that refund check.
Susan Krauss Whitbourne, Ph.D., is a professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Her most recent book is The Search for Fulfillment, and she writes the Fulfillment at Any Age blog for Psychology Today.


text:
The Department of Intensive Care Medicine at Sengkang General Hospital combines and integrates different conventional sub-specialty ICUs (medical, surgical, and neurosurgical) into one multi-disciplinary ICU. We provide comprehensive care round the clock to critically ill patients using a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach, supported by latest medical technology. We have a dedicated team of critical care professionals, comprising intensivists, intensive care nurses, respiratory therapists, pharmacists, physiotherapists, dietitians and medical social workers. Our ICU nurses have received advanced training in critical care nursing, and many have obtained additional degrees and certifications as nurse practitioners and nurse educators.
As part of our commitment to teaching and training, we provide our trainee doctors/ medical students, residents, fellows and Intensive Care Medicine Advanced Specialty Trainees with rigorous training in the fundamentals of managing critically ill patients. This is achieved through a broad-based curriculum model comprising didactics, journal clubs, morbidity mortality rounds, procedural skills based training and training in the use of point-of-care ultrasound. We conduct regular inter-professional simulation sessions to enhance inter-disciplinary teamwork and crisis resource management skills. We also encourage participation in clinical research and quality improvement initiatives. Our nurses receive extensive critical care education through a 12-week ICU orientation program, as well as other training opportunities to ensure delivery of the highest level of care to our patients.
Standards of care established by the Department of Intensive Care Medicine help ensure that patients receive optimum, coordinated care regardless of which ICU they are assigned to. Our commitment to excellence means that we work to ensure that patients receive the best care during their time at the ICU and post recovery. Our patients benefit from shared expertise, leading research, and our commitment to quality and excellence.
Subscribe to our mailing list to get the updates to your email inbox...

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Accessing Sparse Matrices
Nonzero Elements
There are several commands that provide high-level information about the nonzero elements of a sparse matrix:
 - nnz returns the number of nonzero elements in a sparse matrix.
 - nonzeros returns a column vector containing all the nonzero elements of a sparse matrix.
 - nzmax returns the amount of storage space allocated for the nonzero entries of a sparse matrix.
To try some of these, load the supplied sparse matrix west0479, one of the Harwell-Boeing collection.
load west0479
 Name Size Bytes Class Attributes
 M_full 1100x1100 _PHONE_ double
 M_sparse 1100x1100 5004 double sparse
 west0479 479x479 24564 double sparse
This matrix models an eight-stage chemical distillation column.
Try these commands.
ans =
format short e
west0479 =
 (25,1) 1.0000e+00
 (31,1) -3.7648e-02
 (87,1) -3.4424e-01
 (26,2) 1.0000e+00
 (31,2) -2.4523e-02
 (88,2) -3.7371e-01
 (27,3) 1.0000e+00
 (31,3) -3.6613e-02
 (89,3) -8.3694e-01
 (28,4) 1.3000e+02
 ans =
 Note: Use Ctrl+C to stop the nonzeros listing at any time.
Note that initially nnz has the same value as nzmax by default. That is, the number of nonzero elements is equivalent to the number of storage locations allocated for nonzeros. However, MATLAB® software does not dynamically release memory if you zero out additional array elements. Changing the value of some matrix elements to zero changes the value of nnz, but not that of nzmax.
However, you can add as many nonzero elements to the matrix as desired. You are not constrained by the original value of nzmax.
Indices and Values
For any matrix, full or sparse, the find function returns the indices and values of nonzero elements. Its syntax is
[i,j,s] = find(S)
find returns the row indices of nonzero values in vector i, the column indices in vector j, and the nonzero values themselves in the vector s. The example below uses find to locate the indices and values of the nonzeros in a sparse matrix. The sparse function uses the find output, together with the size of the matrix, to recreate the matrix.
[i,j,s] = find(S)
[m,n] = size(S)
S = sparse(i,j,s,m,n)
Indexing in Sparse Matrix Operations
Because sparse matrices are stored in compressed sparse column format, there are different costs associated with indexing into a sparse matrix than there are indexing into a full matrix. For example, consider the 4-by-4 identity matrix:
To replace the 2,1 entry with the number 3, you would do this:
A =
 1 0 0 0
 3 1 0 0
 0 0 1 0
 0 0 0 1
Now suppose you were working on a sparse matrix:
The find command returns the indices and values of the nonzero components of a matrix:
ans =
 1 1 1
 2 2 1
 3 3 1
 4 4 1
If you wanted to change a value in this matrix, you might be tempted to use the same indexing:
B(3,1) = 42;
This code does work, however, it is slow. Since MATLAB stores sparse matrices in compressed sparse column format, it needs to overwrite multiple entries in B.
ans =
 1 1 1
 3 1 42
 2 2 1
 3 3 1
 4 4 1
In order to store the new matrix with '42' at (3,1), MATLAB overwrites all matrix values after 3,1 and adds an additional row to the nonzero values vector and the row indices vectors.
Instead of using subscripted assignment, try using the sparse command to construct the matrix from the triplets. For example, suppose you wanted the sparse form of the coordinate matrix C:
You can use indexing:
but this has the same issue that many of the entries in C need to be overwritten. If you use a loop, you exacerbate the inefficiency:
for k=1:3
Instead of rewriting every matrix entry when you want to rewrite one, construct the three-column matrix directly with the sparse function:
i = [1 4 2 4 3 4 1 2 3 4]';
j = [1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4]';
s = [4 -1 4 -1 4 -1 -1 -1 -1 4]';
CSP = sparse(i,j,s);
For more information on how MATLAB stores sparse matrices, see John R. Gilbert, Cleve Moler, and Robert Schreiber's Sparse Matrices In Matlab: Design and Implementation, (SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, 13:1, 333–356 (1992)).
Visualizing Sparse Matrices
It is often useful to use a graphical format to view the distribution of the nonzero elements within a sparse matrix. The MATLAB spy function produces a template view of the sparsity structure, where each point on the graph represents the location of a nonzero array element.
For example:
Load the supplied sparse matrix west0479, one of the Harwell-Boeing collection.
load west0479
View the sparsity structure.
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The Oracle of the Dead People
The ancient Oracle of the Dead People (Nekromanteion) of Acheron is located in Mesopotamos village, 3 km away from Ammoudia. It was the first known oracle of antiquity dedicated to the god of the Lower World, Hades, and was discovered in the 1960s. It was built near the point where the Rivers Pyriflgethon (Burnt by the Fire), Acheron and Kokytos were joining, symbolizing the sadness, sighs, and sorrows of death. It is known also as the oracle of Ephira from the Mycenaean homonymous colony which is found within walking distance. According to Homer, from this point Odysseus descended to the Lower World in order to meet Tiresias and take an oracle for his return to Ithaca.
The ancients believed that the dead could predict the future. Those who wanted to communicate with the souls and make predictions about the future would go to the Acheron Oracle. In order to reach the dark room and take the oracle, they stayed in the underground halls of the oracle. Visitors met priests at the entrance, who accompanied them to the reception rooms. They asked them some questions to learn the purpose of their visit. Then, priests invited visitors to stay in public rooms where they would prepare themselves for their communication with the spirits. Visitors followed a particular diet and chewed drug plants to blow their minds. Then, with the priest's escort, they sacrificed animals and went to the sanctuary to communicate with the souls. The offerings woke the souls up, so they could chat with them.
Finds of the Oracle
The earliest finds of the Oracle date back to the Mycenaean era (14th-13th century BC), however the main part of the sanctuary dates back to the Early Hellenistic period (late 4th-early 3rd century BC). The oracle was destroyed by the Romans in the 1st century BC. In the 18th century AC, the monastery of Agios Ioannis Prodromos was built in the area. It is still preserved with the respective cemetery.
The Labyrinth of the Oracle
It's worth a visit to the archaeological site. The "labyrinth", a labyrinthine corridor, gives the visitor the impression of wandering through the dark streets of Hades. The labyrinth had three arched iron gates, "the gates of Hades", with large iron studs, many of which were found in the excavations. From these gates, the middle and the third gate leading to the central hall are well preserved. Below the main room is an equally large underground room carved into the rock, possibly in the place of the original cave of prehistoric worship. The Underground Sacred Crypt is very imposing and has marvelous acoustics and architecture.
The place is of great interest for lovers of history. It gives you a mystical experience that is worth doing.


text:
To maximize crop production in the face of variable temperatures and precipitation, scientists say farmers may want to adopt a system in which crop sequencing decisions are based upon weather patterns and management goals each year. However, before making the change to a more adaptable cropping systems strategy, researchers say it's important to understand how short-term crop sequencing decisions affect key agronomic and environmental attributes.
From 2002-2005, a team of researchers at the USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory in Mandan, North Dakota investigated crop sequencing effects of 10 crops in a region known for its variable climate. The researchers report their findings as a series of six papers in the July-August 2007 issue of Agronomy Journal. The results from the study were originally presented at the 2005 ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meeting.
Because crop performance is greatly influenced by the sequence in which crops are grown, USDA researchers set out to explore the short-term effects of sequencing a variety of different crops grown throughout the Great Plains. Over a three-year period, USDA researchers used a unique crop by crop-residue matrix design to evaluate the effects of 100 crop sequences on crop production, plant diseases, soil residue coverage, and soil water depletion.
"The crop by crop-residue matrix approach along with the multidisciplinary research team effort enhanced evaluation of crop interactions that may otherwise be overlooked in crop sequence research," said Don Tanaka, project leader for the USDA research effort.
In the six papers presented by the USDA highlight:
- Crops and crop sequences that optimize precipitation-use efficiency for maximum productivity
- Ways to decrease production risks from plant diseases in diverse cropping systems
- How to maintain an amount of crop residue under no-till to optimize agronomic benefits while minimizing negative effects
- How to most effectively sequence crops in semiarid environments while maximizing use of available soil water
- The value of understanding crop sequencing effects for achieving agroecosystem sustainability
While the dynamic cropping system studies centered at the USDA-ARS Northern Plains Research Laboratory have helped scientists to better understand the short-term effects of crop sequencing, researchers say there is a lot to learn about how different crop sequences affect the many factors that influence agronomic and environmental outcomes within cropping systems.
"Such short-term research efforts can help identify crop sequence 'synergisms' and 'antagonisms,' thereby providing the necessary foundation for developing strategies to sequence crops over a longer period of time," researchers write.
The research team at the USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory is actively working to translate their research findings for use by agriculturists through an update of the Crop Sequence Calculator, an interactive computer program designed to assess crop sequencing options for optimizing economic, agronomic, and environmental goals within dryland cropping systems.To access these Symposium Papers in the July/August 2007 issue of Agronomy Journal, go to:
Agronomy Journal, _URL_ is a peer-reviewed, international journal of agriculture and natural resource sciences published six times a year by the American Society of Agronomy (ASA).
The American Society of Agronomy (ASA) _URL_, the Crop Science Society of America (CSSA) _URL_ and the Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) _URL_ are educational organizations helping their 11,000+ members advance the disciplines and practices of agronomy, crop and soil sciences by supporting professional growth and science policy initiatives, and by providing quality, research-based publications and a variety of member services.
Forest Management Yields Higher Productivity through Biodiversity
14.10.2016 | Technische Universität München
Farming with forests
23.09.2016 | University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences (ACES)
Researchers from the Institute for Quantum Computing (IQC) at the University of Waterloo led the development of a new extensible wiring technique capable of controlling superconducting quantum bits, representing a significant step towards to the realization of a scalable quantum computer.
"The quantum socket is a wiring method that uses three-dimensional wires based on spring-loaded pins to address individual qubits," said Jeremy Béjanin, a PhD...
In a paper in Scientific Reports, a research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute describes a novel light-activated phenomenon that could become the basis for applications as diverse as microscopic robotic grippers and more efficient solar cells.
A research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) has developed a revolutionary, light-activated semiconductor nanocomposite material that can be used...
By forcefully embedding two silicon atoms in a diamond matrix, Sandia researchers have demonstrated for the first time on a single chip all the components needed to create a quantum bridge to link quantum computers together.
"People have already built small quantum computers," says Sandia researcher Ryan Camacho. "Maybe the first useful one won't be a single giant quantum computer...
COMPAMED has become the leading international marketplace for suppliers of medical manufacturing. The trade fair, which takes place every November and is co-located to MEDICA in Dusseldorf, has been steadily growing over the past years and shows that medical technology remains a rapidly growing market.
In 2016, the joint pavilion by the IVAM Microtechnology Network, the Product Market "High-tech for Medical Devices", will be located in Hall 8a again and will...
'Ferroelectric' materials can switch between different states of electrical polarization in response to an external electric field. This flexibility means they show promise for many applications, for example in electronic devices and computer memory. Current ferroelectric materials are highly valued for their thermal and chemical stability and rapid electro-mechanical responses, but creating a material that is scalable down to the tiny sizes needed for technologies like silicon-based semiconductors (Si-based CMOS) has proven challenging.
Now, Hiroshi Funakubo and co-workers at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, in collaboration with researchers across Japan, have conducted experiments to...
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Crowding out in blood donation: Was Titmuss right?
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Citation: Carl Mellstrom, Magnus Johannesson (2008) Crowding out in blood donation: Was Titmuss right?. Journal of the European Economic Association (RSS)
doi: 10.1162/JEEA.2008.6.4.845
Tagged: Economics (RSS)
Mellstrom and Johannesson try to offer a very clean test of Titmuss' crowding out hypothesis (not called that at the time) offered in his book The gift relationship. In his book, Titmuss argues that the introduction of monetary rewards can reduce the supply of blood donors.
Mellstrom and Johannesson's paper presents a field experiment designed to test this. They use three treatments:
 1. Subjects are given the opportunity to donate blood without any special incentives.
 2. Subjects are given the opportunity to donate blood with a payment of 50 SEK (~ 7 USD).
 3. Subjects who choose to give blood were give the option of accepting 50 SEK or donating the same amount to charity.
The findings in the full sample showed no crowding out. However, when the authors split the sample into men and women, they found a statistically significant effect with women, but not with men. Women were less likely to donate blood when money was offered while they could not conclude that were. The charity option was associated with an increase in the rate of donations for women, but not for men.
There were several important limitations. For one, the authors advertisement for the study (due to ethics boards requirements) explained that the study was on attitudes to donate blood. Second, they do not actually measure blood donation but rather when the people recruited went to a physical exam which in Sweden is necessary to give blood. Apparently, most people who receive these exams will subsequently give blood (~70%).


text:
The Long Revolution
Raymond Williams was one of the world's leading cultural critics. With this book, Williams brilliantly documents the exciting birth of the popular... Show synopsis Raymond Williams was one of the world's leading cultural critics. With this book, Williams brilliantly documents the exciting birth of the popular press, and explores the growth of the reading public in English-speaking culture in Western Society. The 'Long Revolution' of the title is the third revolution of culture after the democratic revolution and the industrial revolution. Almost uniquely, William's work bridged the divides between aesthetic and socio-economic inquiry, between Marxist thought and mainstream liberal thought, and between the modern and post-modern world. Continuing the theme he began so successfully in Culture and Society, Williams examines the gradual change, which took over our political, economic, and cultural life. He placed special emphasis on the 'creative mind' in relation to social and cultural thinking. After discussing the theory of culture he turns to a fascinating historical study of such institutions as education and the press, traces the development of a common language, and reveals the links between ideas, literary forms, and social history.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Threat Assessment Team
The Threat Assessment Alert Team (TAAT) is dedicated to a proactive, coordinated and planned identification, prevention, assessment, management, and reduction of interpersonal and behavioral threats to the safety and well-being of students, faculty, staff and visitors of Roxbury Community College.
Threat assessment is designed to be a preventative process used to identify warning signs and intervene before something preventable happens. Cases are NOT managed on a first-come, first served basis. Rather, all cases are triaged and the most serious cases are managed first. All cases, regardless of the immediacy, will be reviewed and managed in the manner most appropriate for the situation.
In the event of an imminent or significant threat posed, the matter should be immediately referred to the College's Office of Public Safety and/or the Boston Police Department. This document outlines the process the team will follow upon receiving a referral for threatening, problematic, or concerning student behavior.
The College has a commitment to ensure that no retaliatory actions are taken against any person or persons who submit a referral form to the team.
- Kevin Hepner, Vice President of Administration and Finance
- Charles Walker, Interim Executive Director of Human Resources
- Ruth Hines, Health Services Coordinator
- Cecile Regner, Interim Vice President of Student and Academic Affairs
- Oscar Walker, Director of Public Safety
Identifying and Responding to Student of Concern
Signs and Symptoms for Students of Concern
- Erratic behavior, including infrequent class attendance or failure to follow through with responsibilities.
- Increasing dependence on a faculty or staff member, parent, or other person (by demanding excessive amounts of time and attention).
- Social isolation, withdrawal, lethargy.
- Inability to focus on a specific topic in a conversation or activity.
- Disorganized thinking and speech, feelings that are inappropriate to the situation, or other evidence that a student is "out of touch with reality".
- Expression of feelings of persecution, paranoia, or strong mistrust of others.
- Disruptive, explosive, or disrespectful behavior.
- Signs of excessive alcohol or drug use.
- Abrupt change in manner, style, or personal hygiene.
- Overtly suicidal thoughts and/or statements expressed verbally or in writing.
- Statements about harming someone else.
- Expressed uncertainty and anxiety about emotional stability, family situation, and/or relationship problems.
Guidelines for Responding to a Student of Concern
- Share your interest and concern openly and directly.
- Set clear limits about your role with the student.
- Maintain a student's privacy, but do not promise confidentiality.
- Help a student tell his or her story. Offer the opportunity to listen to what is on his or her mind.
- Demonstrate an understanding of what the student discloses.
- Statements made by the student regarding an intention or plan to harm self or others must be reported.
- Inquire as to how the student is attempting to respond to the problem. Help develop response options together.
- Consult with peers, colleagues, supervisors, deans, Dean of Students Office or others if you need additional perspectives before or after talking to the student.
- Suggest a referral to the Student Health Center, Dean of Students Office, or other community resources.
- Follow up as appropriate.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How to: Implement a Property Editor Based on a Custom Control (WinForms)
 - 4 minutes to read
This topic explains how to implement a Property Editor for WinForms applications. For demo purposes, the integer Property Editor based on the NumericUpDown control is implemented in this example.
NOTE
 - You can see the code implemented here in the FeatureCenter Demo, installed with XAF. This demo is located in the %PUBLIC%\Documents\DevExpress Demos 20.2\Components.NET Core Desktop Libraries\eXpressApp Framework\FeatureCenter folder, by default.
 - If you intend to use a DevExpress WinForms control that is not integrated to XAF by default, refer to the How to: Implement a Property Editor Using a DevExpress WinForms Control topic.
Follow these steps to implement a WinForms Property Editor.
 1. In the WinForms module project, inherit the PropertyEditor or WinPropertyEditor class. Note that your editor should be public.
 2. Apply the PropertyEditorAttribute to specify the data type for which the Property Editor will be used (Int32 in this example). If you pass true to the PropertyEditor attribute's last parameter, the Property Editor will be used for all integer properties in any business class.
 3. Override the CreateControlCore method. In this method, instantiate, initialize and return the control instance (the NumericUpDown control in this example).
 4. Determine which event of the control occurs when the editing value is changed by a user (e.g., the NumericUpDown.ValueChanged event). Refer to the control's documentation to find the appropriate event. Subscribe to this event and call the OnControlValueChanged method (which internally raises the PropertyEditor.ControlValueChanged event) from the event handler.
 5. Override the Dispose method and unsubscribe the event handled in the previous step.
 6. Optionally, support the IInplaceEditSupport interface and implement the IInplaceEditSupport.CreateRepositoryItem method. This step is only required if you are going to make the column editable in the editable List View.
The following code demonstrates CustomIntegerEditor class implementation based on the steps above.
using System.Windows.Forms;
using DevExpress.ExpressApp.Model;
using DevExpress.ExpressApp.Editors;
using DevExpress.ExpressApp.Win.Editors;
using DevExpress.XtraEditors.Repository;
// ...
[PropertyEditor(typeof(Int32), false)]
public class CustomIntegerEditor : PropertyEditor, IInplaceEditSupport {
 private NumericUpDown control = null;
 protected override void ReadValueCore() {
 if(control != null) {
 if(CurrentObject != null) {
 control.ReadOnly = false;
 control.Value = (int)PropertyValue;
 }
 else {
 control.ReadOnly = true;
 control.Value = 0;
 }
 }
 }
 private void control_ValueChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) {
 if(!IsValueReading) {
 OnControlValueChanged();
 WriteValueCore();
 }
 }
 protected override object CreateControlCore() {
 control = new NumericUpDown();
 control.Minimum = 0;
 control.Maximum = 5;
 control.ValueChanged += control_ValueChanged;
 return control;
 }
 protected override void OnControlCreated() {
 base.OnControlCreated();
 ReadValue();
 }
 public CustomIntegerEditor(Type objectType, IModelMemberViewItem info)
 : base(objectType, info) {
 }
 protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) {
 if(control != null) {
 control.ValueChanged -= control_ValueChanged;
 control = null;
 }
 base.Dispose(disposing);
 }
 RepositoryItem IInplaceEditSupport.CreateRepositoryItem() {
 RepositoryItemSpinEdit item = new RepositoryItemSpinEdit();
 item.MinValue = 0;
 item.MaxValue = 5;
 item.Mask.EditMask = "0";
 return item;
 }
 protected override object GetControlValueCore() {
 if(control != null) {
 return (int)control.Value;
 }
 return null;
 }
}
You can also implement IComplexViewItem in this Property Editor. This interface allows the editor to access the XafApplication instance and use an Object Space to load data from an application database.
To display a particular property using the CustomIntegerEditor Property Editor, customize the Application Model. Invoke the Model Editor for the WinForms module project and navigate to the required BOModel| Class| OwnMembers| Member node. Set the node's IModelCommonMemberViewItem.PropertyEditorType property to CustomIntegerEditor. After this, the property specified by the Member node will be displayed by the CustomIntegerEditor in all Views. To use a CustomIntegerEditor Property Editor in a specific Detail View only, use the PropertyEditorType property of the Views | <DetailView> | Items | <PropertyEditor> node instead.
NOTE
You may need to implement the IAppearanceFormat interface and manually apply the IAppearanceFormat.BackColor, IAppearanceFormat.FontColor and IAppearanceFormat.FontStyle settings of the Conditional Appearance Module to the created control.
See Also


text:
The young poet
One of the earliest manuscript acquisitions for the Collections was Lawrence's Nottingham University College notebook which had remained in the hands of Lawrence's sister Emily (La L 2). It contains drafts of 77 poems alongside student notes and provides crucial evidence for the understanding of Lawrence's early poetic experiments. The majority of the texts were published in his lifetime, usually in revised form.
The notebook contains 'Last words to Muriel', a strongly personal poem reflecting Lawrence's emotions about his love for Jessie Chambers. It is a poem he reworked extensively.
'Last Words to Muriel' (detail) [La L 2/4]
An amended version, 'Last words to Miriam', was published first in Amores (1916) and in the Poetry Journal (Dec. 1916). Further changes were made in the version published in Collected Poems (1928).
Amores [La Z 1/8]
More: Jessie Chambers
DH Lawrence at Nottingham home


Essay by cece27University, Bachelor'sB+, January 2014
download word file, 9 pages 0.0
Ellen Banda-Aakus' Patchwork is the pursuit for understanding, and for a place for love and kindheartedness in a world defaced by the evil of power and lust, were love and hate are the same. A hint is drawn clearly from how the story is told and the issues brought out through the eyes of a small child, who struggles with her inner self and the environment and people around her. The narrator describes the complexities of a postcolonial social and in some cases, political order, in which people strive to stay alive, and whose social relationships are complex and quite tense, throughout the novel. A much more traditional path has been followed throughout the book. Set in the 1970s, it is hard to believe that a nine year old would have such a canning mind and personality, but that is what makes the book exceptional, because between the two parts of the book so much is revealed in the characters.
A clear line could be drawn from young Pumpkin, to Pumpkin as an adult, as a fair dose of sympathy for the victim is drawn and a vulnerability that is impossible to question. The essay focuses on the difference in point of view when looking at the two parts of the novel 'Patchwork'. A conclusion is drawn thereafter.
The point of view is the way the author allows you to'see' and 'hear' what's going on. The story is told in first person narrations by Pumpkin, a nine year old, suffering at the hands of her parents. We are able to see the story through her eyes and what she is thinking about. Pumpkin is a girl who has her own opinions and a wondering mind. She eavesdrops and that's how she is able to tell what...


Identification of Jiles-Atherton model parameters using genetic algorithms
Type : Article de conférence
Auteur(s) : Mounir AMIR, Mourad ZERGOUG, S. AZZI, Y. BENNEDJOUE
Année : 2013
Domaine : Electronique
Conférence: 3ème Colloque sur l'Inductique (CN'03)
Résumé en PDF : (résumé en pdf)
Fulltext en PDF : (.pdf)
Mots clés : Jiles-Atherton model, hysteresis loops, Identification of parameters, genetic algorithms (GA)
Résumé :
The purpose of this paper is to propose a robust and fast method to estimate the parameters of Jiles-Atherton model of ferromagnetic hysteresis by using genetic algorithms for reconstruction of hysteresis loops. The performance of the method is evaluated by experimental data. Jiles-Atherton model with five parameters describes the hysteresis behavior of ferromagnetic materials. To calculate the model parameters, many researchers use analytical and classical iterative methods, the most often those methods does not converge or give unphysical results. Because the characteristic equations are sensitive to the initial values of iteration and has non-unique solutions, which is caused by nonlinearity of the characteristic equations and the fact that there are more unknown quantities. The optimization by genetic algorithms method allows to avoid local minima and find global roots is then applied to obtain the model parameters. The proposed method overcomes the difficulties of the other techniques which assume zero remanence. It is also robust as it is guaranteed to converge to physical solutions.


text:
Assigning functions or uses to space is one of the most critical parts of the Facilities and Administrative (F&A) or indirect cost proposal. The results of the space survey determine how most of the facility costs in the F&A or indirect cost proposal (depreciation, interest, and operations and maintenance expenses) will allocate to the University's direct functions such as instruction and organized research. Because space has a substantial impact upon the F&A rate, it is essential to code each room with the correct function(s) listed below. Definitions of key functions follow.
- RSCH - Organized Research
- DR - Departmental Research
- INST - Instruction
- OSA - Other Sponsored Activities
- SLU - South Lake Union
- APL - Applied Physics Lab
- NPC - National Primate Center
- VESL - Research Vessel Support
- OIA - Other Institutional Activities
- CRC - Cost or Recharge Center
- PC - Patient Care
- JT - Joint Use (space only)
- VAC - Vacant (space only)
ORGANIZED RESEARCH (RSCH) includes all research and development activities of the University that are separately budgeted and accounted for on a specific project basis. Effort cost shared on an organized research project should also be considered organized research. Organized research activities include:
1. Research grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements sponsored by the Federal government and Non-Federal agencies and organizations (e.g. states, cities, foundations, corporations, etc.).
2. Research projects funded with University funds, which are separately budgeted and accounted for on a specific project basis (e.g. Royalty Research Funds).
3. Sponsored research training: The sponsored training of individuals in research techniques (commonly called research training).
4. All federally sponsored clinical trials and early stage (phase 1 or 2) non-federally funded clinical trials.
5. Research cost sharing: Cost sharing related to organized research projects that has been reported as cost sharing on effort reports.
Organized research projects are defined as projects that require a proposal or other application to obtain funding, have a defined scope of work associated with the project, anticipate a "deliverable" result, and require that periodic financial and progress reports be submitted to the sponsor.
For research labs coded with any percentage as Organized Research, documentation must identify the budget(s) (both sponsored and university funded) that paid the salaries or wages of the occupants of the lab for work done in that lab. Also, whenever a research lab is coded as organized research, names of the occupants who worked on the project must also be attached to the room record in GeoSIMS.
DEPARTMENTAL RESEARCH (DR) includes research, development, and scholarly activities that are not separately budgeted and accounted for on a specific project basis. This also includes start-up and bridge funding for researchers in between research projects. Departmental research is funded from budgets that are not restricted to a specific project. DR also includes space used by visiting scientists not paid by the UW, volunteers, and unpaid faculty emeriti performing research in lab spaces. The DR code is to help identify labs and other research facilities used for activities that do not meet the definition of Organized Research.
1. Non-sponsored Teaching and Training: This term includes all non-sponsored teaching and training activities, whether they are offered for credits toward a degree or certificate or on a non-credit basis. Instructional activities include classroom teaching, preparing and typing of examinations and instructional materials, and grading examinations and assignments.
2. Sponsored Non-Research Training: Sponsored training refers to specific instructional or training activities established by grant, contract, or cooperative agreement. [However, sponsored training of individuals in research techniques (commonly called research training) should be classified as organized research.]
OTHER SPONSORED ACTIVITIES (OSA) are programs and projects financed by Federal and non-Federal agencies and organizations that involve the performance of work other than instruction and organized research. Examples of OSA are health service projects, public service projects, late stage (phase 3 or 4) non-federal clinical trials, and public service conferences.
OTHER INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES (OIA) include all activities not covered by any of the other functional definitions described above. This includes auxiliary enterprises, such as the operations of residence halls, dining halls, student unions, intercollegiate and intramural athletics, bookstores, faculty housing, student apartments, guest houses, theaters, public museums, community relations and development, and other similar auxiliary enterprises. This also includes space used by faculty and staff paid directly by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
COST OR RECHARGE CENTER (CRC) includes activities that support formally established recharge centers and cost centers or other departmental revenue activities not otherwise considered Other Institutional Activities (OIA)
PATIENT CARE (PC) includes those activities directly involved with the delivery of patient care (e.g., University Medical Center and clinics). The space associated with residents in the School of Medicine should be coded as PC.
JOINT USE (JT) designates space used for multiple functions, the proportions of which cannot be determined with a high degree of accuracy. Departmental offices, TA/RA offices, conference rooms, and other multipurpose rooms such as departmental copy rooms, lounges, kitchens, and departmental libraries are examples of space that should be designated as Joint Use. Joint Use space will automatically be assigned functions in the same proportions as departmental salaries and wages. For example, if 15% of a department's salaries and wages are charged directly to organized research grants, then 15% of that department's joint use space will be classified as organized research.
Unlike other functional use codes, the use of "Joint Use" is restricted by federal guidelines to either 100% or 0%. Assigned space cannot be partially Joint Use.
Questions? Please contact Management Accounting and Analysis at _EMAIL_.


text:
Clearance of unexploded ordnance is undertaken by high order detonation leading to loud blasts which has the potential to disturb and injure marine mammals. It is estimated that there are between 300,000 and 500,000 pieces of unexploded ordnance left over from World War I and II in UK waters.
It is essential that these munitions are removed in a controlled way to allow for safe working conditions for marine industries, such as offshore wind development.
The joint position statement formally recognises the importance of exploring alternative low noise technologies and outlines government preference for the inclusion of these methods in applications from marine developers.
To provide clarity for industry, the statement lists current recommendations for applications until more robust data is available and pilots can take place to test possible alternatives.
A Defra spokesperson said:
The Government, alongside the Marine Management Organisation, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Natural England, OPRED and DAERA have all endorsed this statement. The Government is committed to protecting the marine environment and ensuring that we are able to deliver healthy, resilient and diverse marine ecosystems.
With an improved evidence base, and with continuing support and advice from the Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies, the Marine Management Organisation (as the regulatory authority) will be able to make better informed licensing decisions around the use of such techniques in English waters.


Reporter_gene : definition of Reporter_gene and synonyms of Reporter_gene (English)
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definition - Reporter_gene
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Wikipedia
Reporter gene

 A diagram of a how a reporter gene is used to study a regulatory sequence.
In molecular biology, a reporter gene (often simply reporter) is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in bacteria, cell culture, animals or plants. Certain genes are chosen as reporters because the characteristics they confer on organisms expressing them are easily identified and measured, or because they are selectable markers. Reporter genes are often used as an indication of whether a certain gene has been taken up by or expressed in the cell or organism population.
Contents
 Common reporter genes
To introduce a reporter gene into an organism, scientists place the reporter gene and the gene of interest in the same DNA construct to be inserted into the cell or organism. For bacteria or prokaryotic cells in culture, this is usually in the form of a circular DNA molecule called a plasmid. It is important to use a reporter gene that is not natively expressed in the cell or organism under study, since the expression of the reporter is being used as a marker for successful uptake of the gene of interest.
Commonly used reporter genes that induce visually identifiable characteristics usually involve fluorescent and luminescent proteins. Examples include the gene that encodes jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP), which causes cells that express it to glow green under blue light, the enzyme luciferase, which catalyzes a reaction with luciferin to produce light, and the red fluorescent protein from the gene dsRed. The GUS gene has been commonly used in plants but luciferase and GFP are becoming more common.[1]
A common reporter in bacteria is the E. coli lacZ gene, which encodes the protein beta-galactosidase. This enzyme causes bacteria expressing the gene to appear blue when grown on a medium that contains the substrate analog X-gal. An example of a selectable-marker which is also a reporter in bacteria is the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, which confers resistance to the antibiotic chloramphenicol.
 Transformation and transfection assays
Many methods of transfection and transformation - two ways of expressing a foreign or modified gene in an organism - are effective in only a small percentage of a population subjected to the techniques. Thus, a method for identifying those few successful gene uptake events is necessary. Reporter genes used in this way are normally expressed under their own promoter independent from that of the introduced gene of interest; the reporter gene can be expressed constitutively (that is, it is "always on") or inducibly with an external intervention such as the introduction of IPTG in the β-galactosidase system. As a result, the reporter gene's expression is independent of the gene of interest's expression, which is an advantage when the gene of interest is only expressed under certain specific conditions or in tissues that are difficult to access.
In the case of selectable-marker reporters such as CAT, the transfected population of bacteria can be grown on a substrate that contains chloramphenicol. Only those cells that have successfully taken up the construct containing the CAT gene will survive and multiply under these conditions.
 Gene expression assays
Reporter genes can also be used to assay for the expression of the gene of interest, which may produce a protein that has little obvious or immediate effect on the cell culture or organism. In these cases the reporter is directly attached to the gene of interest to create a gene fusion. The two genes are under the same promoter elements and are transcribed into a single messenger RNA molecule. The mRNA is then translated into protein. In these cases it is important that both proteins be able to properly fold into their active conformations and interact with their substrates despite being fused. In building the DNA construct, a segment of DNA coding for a flexible polypeptide linker region is usually included so that the reporter and the gene product will only minimally interfere with one another.
 Promoter assays
Reporter genes can be used to assay for the activity of a particular promoter in a cell or organism. In this case there is no separate "gene of interest"; the reporter gene is simply placed under the control of the target promoter and the reporter gene product's activity is quantitatively measured. The results are normally reported relative to the activity under a "consensus" promoter known to induce strong gene expression.
 Further uses
A more complex usage of reporter genes on a large scale is in two-hybrid screening, which aims to identify proteins that natively interact with one another in vivo.
 See also
 References
 1. ^ Koo, J.; Kim, Y.; Kim, J.; Yeom, M.; Lee, I. C.; Nam, H. G. (2007). "A GUS/Luciferase Fusion Reporter for Plant Gene Trapping and for Assay of Promoter Activity with Luciferin-Dependent Control of the Reporter Protein Stability". Plant and Cell Physiology 48 (8): 1121–1131. DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcm081. PMID _PHONE_. edit
 External links

All translations of Reporter_gene
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pygmt.Figure.timestamp
Figure.timestamp(text=None, label=None, justify='BL', offset=('-54p', '-54p'), font='Helvetica,black', timefmt='%Y %b %d %H:%M:%S')
Plot the GMT timestamp logo.
Add the GMT timestamp logo with an optional label at the bottom-left corner of a plot with an offset of ("-54p", "-54p"). The timestamp will be in the locale set by the environment variable TZ (generally local time but can be changed via os.environ["TZ"]) and its format is controlled by the timefmt parameter. It can also be replaced with any custom text string using the text parameter.
Parameters:
 - text (str | None, default: None) – If None, the current UNIX timestamp is shown in the GMT timestamp logo. Set this parameter to replace the UNIX timestamp with a custom text string instead. The text must be no longer than 64 characters.
 - label (str | None, default: None) – The text string shown after the GMT timestamp logo.
 - justify (str, default: 'BL') – Justification of the timestamp box relative to the plot's bottom-left corner (i.e., the plot origin). Give a two-character code that is a combination of a horizontal (L(eft), C(enter), or R(ight)) and a vertical (T(op), M(iddle), or B(ottom)) code. For example, justify="TL" means choosing the Top Left point of the timestamp as the anchor point.
 - offset (float | str | Sequence[float | str], default: ('-54p', '-54p')) – offset or (offset_x, offset_y). Offset the anchor point of the timestamp box by offset_x and offset_y. If a single value offset is given, offset_y = offset_x = offset.
 - font (str, default: 'Helvetica,black') – Font of the timestamp and the optional label. Since the GMT logo has a fixed height, the font sizes are fixed to be 8-point for the timestamp and 7-point for the label. The parameter can't change the font color for GMT<=6.4.0, only the font style.
 - timefmt (str, default: '%Y %b %d %H:%M:%S') – Format string for the UNIX timestamp. The format string is parsed by the C function strftime, so that virtually any text can be used (even not containing any time information).
Examples
Plot the GMT timestamp logo.
>>> import pygmt
>>> fig = pygmt.Figure()
>>> fig.timestamp()
>>> fig.show()
Plot the GMT timestamp logo with a custom label.
>>> fig = pygmt.Figure()
>>> fig.timestamp(label="Powered by PyGMT")
>>> fig.show()
Examples using pygmt.Figure.timestamp
Timestamp
Timestamp


These bus terminals eliminate the need for small stepper motors up to 200 W to have remote amplifiers. With a size of only 12 mm, the KL2531 Bus Terminal is designed for simple integration into a 24-Vdc control-voltage system. Its peak current is 1.5 A/phase. KL2541 modules offer higher performance comparable to that of small servodrives. They provide a peak current of 5 A to generate a torque of 5 Nm in conjunction with a standard stepper motor. The supply voltage of up to 50 Vdc enables high speeds with torque. The KL2541 has an integrated incremental encoderinterface. Both stepper-motor terminals provide two controlled sine/cosine currents. A 25-kHz current-control enables smooth current output without resonance. The current resolution is 64 steps per period: 64-fold microstepping. A standard motor with a 1.8° step angle runs smoothly and can be set to up to 12,800 electronic positions per turn.
Beckhoff Automation LLC
12204 Nicollet Ave. S
Burnsville, MN 55337
_PHONE_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
The title explains it all. Do objects suspended in ice sink over time? You may remember the story of World War 2 planes that were found 260 ft under the ice which would be anachronistic with seasonal ice layering alone. I'm trying to establish other possible mechanisms. I know that ice flows up and down in glaciers, but will an object actually sink in ice over time?
Also, in what way would they sink? Would heavier parts sink faster than the lighter. Does buoyancy play a role.
share|improve this question
Isn't the title misleading? Ice is a solid, how can something sink inside it? – jinawee Feb 27 at 18:59
_USER_ It seems to be false: physics.stackexchange.com/q/65740 – jinawee Feb 27 at 19:16
_USER_ I'm not claiming this for ice or glass but some materials that seem to be solid actually experience viscoelastic creep. See for example the famous pitch drop experiment. – OSE Feb 27 at 19:41
_USER_ Under higher pressure, ice has a lower melting point. Technically if something heavy was placed on ice it could sink in due to this melting effect. If the surrounding climate is below 0 degrees C then as this happens more ice would freeze around the object. Perhaps this could constitute as sinking into a solid. – wgrenard Feb 27 at 19:46
_USER_: true, but you need a lot of pressure! – John Rennie Feb 27 at 20:10
2 Answers 2
up vote 5 down vote accepted
If the article you are referring to is this one, then the planes didn't sink into the ice but were buried by blizzards.
Ice does exhibit ductile flow at stress of around 1 to 10MPa, but this pressure is equivalent to around 100 to 1000 tons per square metre and this is far above the stresses normally produced by objects resting on ice. Glaciers flow because the stress is concentrated at the interface between the ice and the rock, and this can produce the enormous stresses required.
So the answer to your question is that no, objects don't sink into ice under their own weight (unless your object is made from neutronium). However freeze thaw cycles can give this impression.
share|improve this answer
Interesting. There is a corollary proposed by some creationists that since these plains were covered so rapidly, 260 feet (79.2 meters) in 40 years, certain core samples could not be as old as they are said to be. I was attempting to refute this particular proposition, or at least answer it as honestly as I can. I'm thinking another approach would be the change in density from the surface downward. I doubt it is constant, and I doubt it is linear. Thanks for your help. – Jordan Feb 27 at 20:54
_USER_ when it comes to creationists: don't feed the trolls. – Carl Witthoft Feb 27 at 22:20
_USER_, not all creationists are trolls. I consider myself one though I have no problems with evolution or modern cosmology. The Everett interpretation gives me heartburn sometimes, but we'll see how that turns out. – Jordan Feb 28 at 13:58
I say yes, things can sink in ice. Here's why: there's a thin layer of liquid on the surface of ice that is why ice is slippery. When you put a body on the surface of ice, it'll keep displacing the layer of liquid, getting deeper and deeper, and will eventually sink completely,
share|improve this answer
But how fast does that occur? Have there been measurements to determine the rate at which surface displacement occurs over extended timescales? Is it fast enough to explain the depth of the planes in question? Either way, interesting article, +1. – DumpsterDoofus Feb 27 at 20:34
But would this continue to happen when the object reaches the freezing point of water? – Jordan Feb 27 at 20:40
_USER_, the paper addresses the problem with the usual explanation of slippery ice through pressure melting. This liquid layer stays on even at very low temperatures, way below freezing. – Aksakal Feb 27 at 20:46
_USER_, I have no idea how fats this would work. It's probably at the speed of diffusion if not slower. – Aksakal Feb 27 at 20:47
Note that, while it's true that ice cqn develop a liquid layer when pressed, this is not enough to explain why ice is slippery, which is a rather more complicated question. – Emilio Pisanty Feb 27 at 21:27
Your Answer


text:
Zhongrui Funing Robotics has actively deployed a global strategy with an international perspective since the company was founded. In order to promote the orderly development of Zhongrui Funing Asia Innovation Center in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan and continue to enhance the company's global technology, talent and project reserve strength, Zhang Danhua, General Manager of Zhongrui Funing Robotics Co., Ltd., launched a one-week trip to Japan on August 6th 2017 with her team.
Third stop: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
As a well-known national university in Japan focusing on scientific research with small scale but excellent quality, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology has top-level scientific research strength accumulated over years, presentation and promotion ability of scientific research achievements and overall coordination capacity recognized by international community
Zhongrui Funing came to Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology for the last stop and visited the industry's famous application-oriented scholar, Professor Ikuo Mizuuchi. Professor Ikuo Mizuuchi attached importance to the combination of robot theory and application, and the robot laboratory led by him focused on the R&D and application of robotics products and technology combining with the scene of life service, which is highly consistent with the development strategy and product system of Zhongrui Funing. During the communication, Professor Ikuo Mizuuchi had a strong interest in the application concepts of service robot products and technology of Zhongrui Funing, and Zhongrui Funing also hoped to have the opportunity to reach a scientific research and project cooperation with thelaboratory. For the upcoming 2017 World Robot Conference, Professor Ikuo Mizuuchi had full confidence in Zhongrui Funing robotics, and wished the company could stand out at the conference and give voice to the world.
Ikuo Mizuuchi Laboratory in Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology of Zhongrui Funing
The one-week trip to Japan has come to an end and has made it a perfect start of Zhongrui Funing heading for Asia. The global footsteps of Zhongrui Funing will never stop. Exploring warm science and technology to create intelligent ecology will be the relentless pursuit of Zhongrui Funing. Funing builds good future.


4
Let's consider the following: A company wants to ship 3 types of fruits (apples, watermelons, strawberries) between two cities. Company has got 3 cars that can be loaded with fruits. Each car has a different available capacity (because they are different type and because some of them may be already loaded partially with fruits).
I want to build an interface that will enable users to distribute fruits into cars.
Do you know a good interaction/design pattern for distributing different kind of items by size and weight into several buckets?
Edit
Thank you for your answers. I think it is more complicated than two examples mentioned because they only cover one variable (amount) but they don't cover the weight and volume of each fruit and therefore the remaining capacity of the car (both volume and weight).
I prepared a wireframe to show you what I'm thinking about. This is not perfect because: - I want to make it universal, so when there are more fruits or more cars the screen will not be cluttered - I'm wondering whether user needs to see all the time the whole capacity of each car and the remaining capacity after user starts to distribute fruits. - The same question
enter image description here
 - 1
 The question is a bit broad and abstruse. Can you explain the practical problem that you have? – Bart Gijssens Nov 22 '11 at 14:27
 - 2
 Question is a little unclear. Are you referring to a User Interface pattern for sorting information? Or an interaction? Such as dragging and dropping items into "containers"? – Sheff Nov 22 '11 at 14:41
 - 1
 Thank you for your comments, I rewrote it to make it more understandable – Max Nov 22 '11 at 15:31
 - Thank you for editing the question, now it becomes more clear. But I have another question: Why is it that the computer cannot "auto-load" the available cars? It seems that the computer can calculate the most optimal way to load the cars (e.g. use the minimum amount of cars, use tha maximum load capacity of each car). Why is it that users need to do this manually? – Bart Gijssens Nov 23 '11 at 9:30
 - @Bart: I asked the same question to my client and they just want to have a total control over this distribution process, automation would be pretty simple but then I would not need an interaction pattern :) – Max Nov 23 '11 at 12:26
1
I made something similar with a grid on the left of possible values and on the right are the possible buckets. You click on one of the choices on the left and can use the keyboard shortcuts on the right. (Press 0 to put the choice into "partner") See?
This works pretty well. Is this helpful for your use case?
enter image description here
| improve this answer | |
0
For each bucket, display a sort of "see-through" object. When fruit is added, display a proportional amount of the bucket filled. (No fruit -> empty bucket, Full fruit -> full bucket.)
Near each bucket, display a % and/or the amount in the bucket (or the remaining space) and the amount allowed (ie. "Space available: 2 of 6", "Space available: 4 of 19").
| improve this answer | |
0
Thank you for your answers. I think it is more complicated than two examples mentioned because they only cover one variable (amount) but they don't cover the weight and volume of each fruit and therefore the remaining capacity of the car (both volume and weight).
I prepared a wireframe to show you what I'm thinking about. This is not perfect because: - I want to make it universal, so when there are more fruits or more cars the screen will not be cluttered - I'm wondering whether user needs to see all the time the whole capacity of each car and the remaining capacity after user starts to distribute fruits. - The same question
My initial idea
| improve this answer | |
 - Instead of using the answer feature to update your question, you should edit your question. That way everybody sees it (right now your updated question is at the bottom, where people might not notice it), and this post doesn't get mistaken as an answer to your question. – user4662 Nov 23 '11 at 18:41
0
Create a virtual bucket or bin that is visible when pointer is over the Fruit "bins". The bucket should have functionality to add, delete, clear and enter an amount to add or delete of the currently hovered over fruit. It should also list the total weight, volume, etc. of fruit in the virtual bucket. User can then go to each fruit bin and add to the bucket.
Then when they move the pointer over to the cars, they can deposit the fruit into the hovered over cars.
As they do these actions update your fruit and car "bins".
| improve this answer | |
0
What's missing is the weight you add with each item in the bottom section. While it is helpful that you can reference it on the same page, it would be easier if the information were right next to the controls. But make it adaptive: next to the counter for each, multiply the quantity times the weight. Then add the total weight at the bottom. Finally, show the capacity underneath that, similar to the countdown in a twitter field.
Do the same for volume.
Done.
| improve this answer | |
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What minimum information is required before I can calculate a payroll deduction?
For each type of payroll deduction calculation (Regular Salary/Pension/Bonus/Retroactive Pay/Commission), there are different required information fields that must be completed by the user before a payroll deduction calculation can be done. For all types of income except Commissions, the user must specify a Pay Period definition - i.e. weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly, etc. For ALL calculations, the user must also specify the Quebec TP1015_3V - Total Claim Amount. For Commission income, the user must specify additional information from the commissioned employee's federal TD1X form. Any required information for a payroll deduction calculation will be documented in the QPTL documentation included with the QPTL API/SDK package. The user must ensure that valid information is provided in these required fields before sending requests to the QPTL library method(s).
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more distinctive.
- Fixed the bug causing guard NPCs by the Balaurea fortresses and artifacts not to be able to detect targets in basic stealth.
- Fixed the buttons on a handful of NPC vendors' text windows back to the default buttons. (They had mistakenly been changed to player dialog.)
- Fixed the dictionary entries (blue links in quest text) of a number of monsters so that they matched the monsters' actual names, including:
- Changed the names of the following monsters to match their dictionary names, because they were too vague and causing confusion with other, non-Lepharist monsters:
- Changed the name of the Lepharist boss monster "Scout Captain", in the Halabana Hot Springs in Morheim, to Katerios, since he was supposed to be a named monster.
- Fixed a bug where NPC Harami in Inggison was mistakenly named "Design: Platinum Glasses".
- Fixed typos in the dictionary links of various NPCs to make them match the actual names:
- Changed the name of the Lepharist "Laborer" mobs in Eltnen to "Druges" to distinguish them from the Laborers in Morheim.
- Changed the name of the Lepharist "Peon" mobs in Eltnen to "Plodders" to distinguish them from other Lepharist Peons.
- Fixed a bug where two different kinds of Worgs in Verteron were called "Violent Worg", while only some of them would update the quest "The Forest Outlaw". Changed the ones that do not go with the quest to "Aggressive Worgs" to reduce confusion.
- Changed the name of the Jotun named monster "Oddwood" in Lower Udas Temple, because it was mistakenly given the same name as another monster. The Jotun is now named Bergrisar.
- Changed the "Ashikar Assaulter" mobs in Gelkmaros to "Naduka Striders" because they were among other Naduka and had been mistakenly assigned to the wrong Legion.
- Fixed a bug where the adult Ice Canyon Griffons in Beluslan's Roof, Beluslan, were called Griffos. Changed the adults to "Ice Canyon Griffons". (Left the young ones as "Ice Canyon Griffos".)
- Changed the name of the "Angry Bee Swarm" in [Gelkmaros] Antagor Battlefield to "Angry Bees" to match all the quest references and the dictionary name.
- Added information to the tooltip for the Sorcerer's "Barrier of Severance I" skill about its damage absorption effect.
- Fixed a bug that would occur while players were transformed with that increased HP/MP. When certain skills were applied to players in this state, HP/MP would suddenly decrease as if the transformation effect was not active. This has now been fixed.
- Energy of Repose now grants additional Exp. for quest completion and gathering/crafting.
- When an Assassin checks "Only high-level skills are displayed" on the Active skill pane, "All-Seeing Eye I" and "Searching Eye I" skills will now display correctly.
- Fixed a bug causing Chanters to automatically acquire a skill when their Boost Physical Attack I skill reached level 25.
- Changed some items that were referred to as "Oruga's" items to say "Kinquid" to match the monster that drops them. (There is no Oruga.)
- Reduced the prerequisites for Greater Stigma Quests.
- Now, players will be able to acquire Greater Stigma Quests without having to complete an Instance Dungeon entrance quest.
- Players will be able to purchase Greater Stigma Quest Collection Items with Shulack Coins without going through the Steel Rake/Dark Poeta instance dungeons.
- Group members can now simultaneously collect items for solo Greater Stigma Quests.
- [Elyos] Taloc's Heart Full of Soul, [Asmodian] Stigma Expansion
- [Asmodian] Fixed problems that were hindering players from completing Stigma Expansion.
- Fixed the problem where Drakan Researcher wasn't dropping quest items.
- Added Drakan Researcher to the link in the Quest Description window.
- Modified the temporary quest marker so that it will no longer be displayed when a quest updates because the player acquires Kinah.
- Added new quests that give out fabled class rewards in Inggison and Gelkmaros.
- [Elyos] A Weapon of Worth, [Asmodian] A Helping Hand
- Fixed a bug in the [Group] Pressing the Attack quest where, even if a player hadn't completed the first part of it, the lettering would turn gray as if they had finished the second part.
- Fixed the error message that showed up unnecessarily for the [Elyos] Allergic Reaction quest reward.
- Fixed a problem where the following bundled [Asmodian] Field Warden armor items could not be unwrapped:
- Fugue Leather Gloves Package (3 days)
- Fugue Leather Gloves Package (7 days)
- Fugue Leather Gloves Package (14 days)
- Increased the quest timer on the following Beshmundir Temple quests from 5 minutes to 7 minutes:
- [Elyos] To Liberate Souls
- [Asmodian] Mired Souls
- Added level 55 greater stigma solo quests.
- This quest can only be acquired if you do not have the existing level 55 greater stigma quest in your quest journal, even if you have completed that quest and are at the reward stage.
- If you have the existing quest and wish to get the new quest instead, you must abandon the old quest.
- Added new Groggie (Shulak coin) daily quests, which can be undertaken without joining a daily quest faction. Also, for the Groggie, greater stigma quest items, weapons, armor, and other items can be exchanged.
- Changed some Platinum Medal reward quests to daily quests. Greatly decreased the number of items that need to be collected.
- [Elyos] Decreased Exp. and kinah rewards for the "Teleporter Repairs" quest.
- Fixed typos in some quests.
- Fixed a bug causing some campaign quests to be re-acquired after a player had already completed them.
- If you have been affected by this bug, and have a re-acquired campaign quest in your quest journal, the game correctly treats that quest as if it has been completed.
- Renamed Reshanta [Elyos and Asmodian] quest "Giant's Core Weapon" to "Petralith's Cores", to make it clear that it's connected to the Petralith monsters. Renamed all associated quest items accordingly, and made their dictionary links match when there was a discrepancy:
- Changed [Asmodian] quest name "The Freezing Orb" and associated "Freezing Orb" quest item to "Frozen Orb", to distinguish it from the "Freezing Orb" weapon.
- In order to give players an additional warning before deleting a character, changed deletion message at character selection screen from 'Enter"Confirm Delete" to delete this character.' to 'If you delete your character, the items in your inventory, private warehouse and mail box will also be deleted. If you still wish to delete your character, please enter "Confirm Delete".'
- Fixed the Gelkmaros map so that Spiritfall Gate now shows up correctly.
- Fixed the legion window so that the "last logged in" information will be updated when said window is closed then reopened.
- Upgraded AionTweet from v0.7 to v1.0, and added some new functions.
- You can now join Twitter directly from AionTweet:
- Added a [Suggested] button in lower left of the AionTweet screen. Click this to get a list of suggested Aion-related feeds: (There are currently no suggested feeds for the NA/EU market. We will add these in an upcoming build.)
- You can search for any Twitter user on the [Search People] tab. This will display the same results as using the search box on the Twitter homepage:
- You can change your Twitter profile using the [Profile] tab:
- Click "Twitter Handle" at the bottom of the Profile screen to enter your Twitter ID as the note in your Social panel:
- Click someone's ID on the list to view their profile:
- Fixed a bug that occurred when players used the "raise camera angle" option while in a windstream. Camera will no longer be locked looking up at the sky.
- Fixed the arrows for the Altar of Avarice and the Temple of Scales on the signpost in Angrief Ruins in Inggison.
- Fixed the problem where characters were not able to make any motions while activating artifacts in Balaurea.
- [Abyss] Changed all siege weapons so that they can now only be used near the fortress
- Fixed terrain bugs in both Inggison and Gelkmaros where characters were able to access areas that were intended to be inaccessible, giving them an unfair advantage over the other faction.
- You can no longer set up a kisk in these areas.
- Spiritmaster's can no longer use their "Summon Group Member I" skill in these areas.
- Players who log on in these areas will automatically teleport to their obelisk bind point.
- Fixed a bug with the Gatekeepers in Gelkmaros, where players could bypass them and get through the gates they guarded.
- Fixed a bug in several parts of Mitrakand, in Gelkmaros, where players would get stuck inside the terrain and buildings.
- Fixed a bug allowing players to get through a wall inside Eltnen


Battle of the Badger Mouth
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Battle of the Badger Mouth
Part of the Mongol–Jin War
Date August--October 1211
Location North China, Zhangjiakou
Result Decisive Mongol victory
Mongol Empire Jin Dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Genghis Khan
Yelü Tuhwa
Emperor Weishaowang of Jin
Dujis Qiannu
Wanyan Jojin
Wanyan Chenyu
Hersle Whosawho
Wanyan Gauqi
Ming An
Tu Danyear
Puxian Wannu
90,000-110.000 cavalry[1] 350,000 infantry
150,000 Cavalry
Casualties and losses
moderately heavy heavy (500,000 men)
The Battle of the Badger Mouth (simplified Chinese: 獾儿嘴及野狐岭战役; traditional Chinese: 獾兒嘴及野狐嶺戰役; the Campaign of the Badger Mouth and Wild Fox Peak) was the major decisive battle in the first stage of the Mongol–Jin War.
In 1210, Genghis Khan insulted Emperor Weishaowang by publicly stating that he was a coward and unfit to be a leader. Genghis added, "The emperor should be a man from sky like me." Soon, news spread to the Jin emperor through a Jin officer. The Jin emperor was enraged and ordered the execution of the Mongolian ambassador. Tensions between the Jin and the Mongols started to escalate and Genghis Khan declared war with the Jin.
The Mongolian army amassed 90,000 men for the offensive force in the expedition against the emperor in March 1211. Genghis Khan only maintained a defending force of 2,000 guards in Mongolia. This means that well over 90% of the available forces in Mongolia at the time were mobilized for this campaign. Before the expedition, Genghis Khan conducted a religious ritual with his troops by praying to Tengri along the Kherlen River for victory and made a vow to avenge his ambassador, Ambaghai Khan, who was betrayed by the Tartar and executed by the Jin court.
Jin army[edit]
The Jin army included:
1. Border troops: recently defeated by Mongolia at the Battle of Wushabao several months before the campaign, the border troops had withdrawn to Badger Mouth. Their total strength amounted to 100,000 and were led by 1st Prime Minister Du Qiannu.
2. Main troops: their strength amounted to 250,000 and chief commander of the army was field marshal Wanyan Chenyu, 2nd Prime Minister and general Ming An. Most of the troops hailed from the capital.
3. Reinforcement troops: emergency troops from all corners of Jin country, their strength amounted to 150,000 and the commander was vice field marshal Hersle Whosawho, an ambitious man. He was to defend Datong with his reinforcements.
This campaign included a series of five battles that took place from May to October, 1211:
1. Battle of Wushabao (烏沙堡戰役): May–June.
2. Battle of Datong (大同攻防戰): lasted seven days in August.
Genghis Khan ordered his three elder sons and general Yelü Tuhwa into battle. Each of his sons commanded 10,000 cavalry. A total of 30,000 cavalry besieged the city in order to cover the side line of the Genghis Khan's troops and cut off Jin's reinforcements to capital.
3. Badger Mouth Campaign (獾兒嘴及野狐嶺戰役): occurred in August.
This pass leads directly to Jin's capital and was attacked by Genghis Khan with a commanding force of 60,000.
4. Battle of Guihebao (澮河堡戰役): happened in October and the combat lasted three days.
5. The Mongol occupation of Juyongguan:
Jin's 3rd Prime Minister Tu Danyi (徒單鎰) successfully defended the capital with a commanding force of 20,000, signalling the end of the campaign.
Battle of Wushabao[edit]
Wushabao is located at the present city of Ulanqab. Through the years, Jin's 1st Prime Minister Dujis Qiannu ordered the construction line of a series of single fortifications to oversee the Mongols, but this tactic turns out to be faulty, even though they maintain their stability on the border. Wushabao was one of the largest and most important fortresses at the time.
Jebe attacked Wushabao and achieved no success. He changed his tactics by attacking Wushabao's reinforcement base. With the fall of the base, Jebe manage to capture Wushabao. Hearing the news, a senior official of Jin (a rank below prime minister) led the troops into retreat from the neighboring three counties to Badger Mouth. The retreat provided a golden opportunity for Jebe and soon the three counties were captured with ease.
Battle of the Badger Mouth[edit]
To combat the Mongol advance, the Jin withdrew soldiers from cities for hundreds of miles, resulting in a combined force of approximately 400,000 to 500,000 soldiers being stationed at Badger Mouth. However, the Jin were overly confident in the defensive position of the pass; Genghis eventually circumvented Jin defenses by sending his men over the peaks surrounding the pass, allowing him to encircle the much larger Jin army. As Genghis attacked the front of the Jin army at the entrance to the pass, his forces simultaneously routed the Jin cavalry from behind. The encircling force then proceeded to attack the supply camps in the rear of the Jin army, resulting in the slaughter of many resting Jin soldiers. When Jin forces in the front lines of the battle were eventually pushed into retreat by the bulk of the Mongol army, the subsequent chaos resulted in the slaughter of even more Jin soldiers.
Following the battle, the general of the Jin army retreated to the central Jin capital of Zhongdu (modern day Beijing) and assassinated the emperor, and assumed control of the city. After a four-year Mongol siege, which saw the residents of Beijing reduced to cannibalism in order to survive, the city finally surrendered. The Jin were allowed to retain control of Zhongdu, but were forced to pay a large tribute in return. The following summer, Jin Emperor Xuānzōng (宣宗) abandoned Zhongdu and moved the government to the "southern capital" of Kaifeng. While the Jin maintained a grasp on power for several more years, the empire was severely weakened, and eventually capitulated to a combined Mongol and Song force in 1234.[2]
After this battle and campaign, the Jin dynasty lost half of its 950,000 troops. Roughly ten Jin cities were plundered by the Mongols and Genghis Khan ordered a tribute of 500 males, 500 virgins and 3000 horses to be taken back to the Mongolian plains.
In spite of the defeat, Jin prioritized conquering the Song dynasty over defending its borders against future Mongol incursions and invasions.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Mongol Warrior 1200–1350 Publisher: Osprey Publishing
 2. ^ Beck, Sanderson. "China 7 BC To 1279". China, Korea & Japan to 1800. Retrieved 30 March 2013.


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Author's profile photo Andrea CAMPO
Focused Insights Tactical Dashboard Data Validation
Why data validation?
The purpose of this article is to describe the procedure to validate the data displayed in the Tactical Dashboard. Customers often wonder where the data come from, how it is calculated and how to check the configuration settings against the several data sources which are the base for every scenario in the Dashboard.
AVAILABILITY SCENARIO
The data from this scenario comes from Interactive Reporting. It can be validated using this path:
SM_WORKCENTER ==> Technical Monitoring ==> Interactive Reporting ==> (select the system ID) ==> System Reports
Then, you have to find an appropriate time frame (similar to the one configured in the Dashboard setup) and select the Product Instance Tab (Usually the one next to the Overview).
Here you can expand the "System Availability" table to check the values for different time/days.
DATABASE GROWTH
The database Growth scenario replicates the data displayed in the Interactive Reporting.
It can be validated using this path:
SM_WORKCENTER ==> Technical Monitoring ==> Interactive Reporting ==> Tab Databases ==> (Select System ID) ==> Database Reports ==> Overview Tab ==> Capacity ==> DB Utilization
The values in the main tile can be validated using the "This month" time frame and adding Occupied and Free Memory in the DB Utilization area.
To validate the data in the detail scenario
just select the product instance tab ==> Capacity ==> DB Utilization with the timeframe "This Year".
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text:
Welcome to Fort Mill's History
As we looked back in time to events that helped make this community what it is today, we found it was not just historic events that brought us to the present day but a combination of events, people from all walks of life, special places, and childhood memories. The stories we hear that make up the fabric of "community" are so interesting! They must be collected, preserved, and shared with all who are here today and those who will come this way tomorrow!
The beautiful works of art you will see here and in the museum's education gallery are creations of very talented local artists. They give you a glimpse of what Fort Mill was like from the 1600s to today. As the museum grows, the timeline will grow. Important dates and events that occurred throughout the history of this community will be added. Oral histories will also become a part of the timeline and throughout the museum.
The past is definitely coming to life at the Fort Mill History Museum and we invite you to become a part of it. Come join in our mission!
"Indian Trading Path" Through Fort Mill
Artist: Linda Trull
Before Fort Mill was a settlement, it was the location of Nation Ford. As early as the 1600s, Virginia traders from Fort Henry followed the Occoneechee (Occaneechi) Trail, also called the Indian Trading Path, south. At present-day Concord, North Carolina, the trail split. The eastern leg followed the Catawba River to Camden, and the western trail led to a river crossing between the present towns of Fort Mill and Rock Hill. The traders built this crossing across the Catawba at a natural ford in the river, leading the crossing and the road to become known as "Nation Ford."
This painting depicts the Great Wagon Road that stretched 800 miles from Pennsylvania to Georgia. It connected to the Indian Trading Path in Virginia, making Nation Ford a landmark on the journey of tens of thousands of German and Scots-Irish settlers traveling south. It was these travelers that first settled Fort Mill after the Catawba.
Indian Crop Planting
Artist: Bernice Knowles
The Catawba occupied this region long before its first European settlers. In the 1500s, this Siouan tribe journeyed 1,500 miles on foot from Canada to settle here, with its fish-filled waters and fertile forests and meadows teeming with game. They lived along these waterways in stockade villages of bark huts.
Painted here is a Catawba village in summer. Although the Catawba migrated with the seasons to hunt, they returned to their villages in summer to plant and harvest crops. The artist depicts a Native American gardening method often referred to as the Three Sisters garden. Using this technique of interplanting corn, squash, and beans in a hillock or mound, Native Americans sustained a healthy diet as well as long-term soil fertility.


OCR vs ICR: What Differentiates the two Character Recognition Software?
OCR vs. ICR
Published By - Kelsey Taylor
OCR vs ICR:
OCR vs ICR, If you use DMS (Document Management Software) with a scanner, you may find a significant difference between ICR and OCR.
Although we already have scanners, they merely tend to capture an image of the document. Thus, resulting in an image copy of the original file but with the lack of properties like:
 - Editing the errors
 - Searching through the material
 - Quality of the text
 - Data Transfer
OCR
Optical Character Recognition/Reader commonly abbreviated as OCR is a tool that electronically identifies and converts text or print document and convert them to a digital text document.
OCR software goes through the text and returns the characters into machine-readable codes for data processing.
Some of the most popular OCR software include:
 - Capture2Text
 - GoogleKeep
 - OCR in Microsoft OneNote
 - PhotoScan
 - SimpleOCR
 - Tesseract
Also Read: 10 Best OCR Apps for Mobile Phones (Android & iOS)
ICR
Intelligent Character Recognition is basically an advanced form of OCR that processes Handwritten texts.
This software extends the radar of OCR standard font recognition property and allows different styles and fonts of handwriting, and this is mainly what makes ICR different from OCR.
OCR vs ICR: Difference between OCR and ICR and their Benefits:
According to Gartner's research report, "Businesses spend billions of dollars rekeying data from a variety of paper forms. Automating for efficiency is common, but few benchmarks measure accuracy-effort trade-offs, and relatively few vendors provide optical character recognition/intelligent character recognition software."
OCR is more cost-effective, hence if your office work revolves around digital or hard copies then it might be the perfect on-budget tool for you.
Furthermore, if you couple it with other technologies such as scanning and file compression OCR generates editable and searchable documents while being quick, easy, and accurate.
With Optical Character Recognition you may never have to manually correct or search through multiple pages, speeding the workflow within the organization.
No need to retype the hard copies that OCR reads and converts into a word processing file, which furthermore works with a computer voice-over utility and thus is the ease of access tool.
ICR, on the other hand, specializes in converting multiple types of handwriting into digital characteristics.
So, if you work on handwritten notes and manuscripts, Intelligent Character Recognition is what you need.
OCR has a fixed and a limited database of fonts to work with; while ICR contains an electronic neural system that allows the software to automatically update the database and learn any new type of font and style of handwriting that improves accuracy and character recognition.
Although ICR is more expensive than OCR, the high-end ICR software manages to increase its efficiency over time and experience.
But, due to the learning approach mentioned earlier, the result sometimes may generally drop down to 97+ reading handwriting accuracy but is far better and useful than the manual labor or a basic scanner.
IWR
Also, ICR has now a more updated spin-off of its own; Intelligent Word Recognition.
IWR works on more free form and cursive data and works with full words and phrases, unlike ICR that works on the character level.
It is a more complex tool that is ideal for processing real-world documents.
OMR
OMR; Optical Mark Recognition, is quite different than the above-mentioned software programs.
The OMR is also used to get information from the paper into a digital format but it is only to sense mark on a predetermined field.
OMR is mainly used to tabulate and evaluate data from a huge pile of records.
You May Also Like to Read-
What's the Difference Between OCR and OMR?
Automation of Accounts Payable Process
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