text:
(Other Useful Character Entities)
‐ = hyphen (
‑ = non‐breaking hyphen (
‒ = figure dash (
– = en dash (
— = em dash (
− = minus sign (
- = default hyphen‐minus (what is shown when you press the key next to zero on the keyboard)
Following is taken from _URL_
That hyphen you can insert with the key next to the zero on your keyboard is an ambiguous character suffering from an identity crisis. It can't decide if it's a hyphen, a minus, or an en dash—in fact, the Unicode specification describes it as "hyphen‐minus" and defines very specific replacements for each of its personalities.
Use it if you need to insert a hyphen, but never for a minus (
−) or a dash, since it does not have the correct width for either, or the vertical position for the latter (compare "1+4-2=3" to "1+4−2=3").
The soft hyphen (
a.k.a. "discretionary hyphen" and "optional hyphen") is to be used for one purpose only—to indicate where a word may be broken at the end of a line. Otherwise, it is to remain invisible and not affect the appearance of the word.
Some browsers display it no matter where it falls, but this is not the correct behavior. Others in the past have recommended against its use because its behavior was not well‐defined, but the HTML 4.01 spec makes its use and behavior clear and unambiguous.
Three other hyphen characters exist in Unicode, but are unfortunately not defined in the HTML entity set (although they should be):
- The non‐breaking hyphen (
‑not in HTML) does just what its name implies.
- The hyphen character (
‐not in HTML) is meant to be used in place of the hyphen‐minus when a hyphen is exactly the desired character.
- The hyphenation point (
‧not in HTML) is that bullet‐like character you find in some dictionaries to separate syllables. That is its only use, but if you're creating an online dictionary, using it will make your entries look more professional.
- Figure Dash
The figure dash (
‒) is so named because it is the same width as a digit, at least in fonts with digits of equal width. The figure dash is used when a dash must be used within numbers, for example with telephone numbers: 634‒5789. Note that this does not indicate a range (use an en dash for that), or function as the minus sign (which has its own glyph).
The figure dash is often unavailable; in this case, one may use a hyphen‐minus instead. In Unicode, the figure dash is
U+2012. In HTML, you must use the numeric forms
‒to type it; there is no equivalent HTML entity. In TeX, the standard fonts have no figure dash; however, the digits normally all have the same width as the en dash, so an en dash can be substituted in TeX.
- En dash
The en dash (
–) is used to indicate a range of just about anything with numbers, including dates, numbers, game scores, and pages in any sort of document.
It is also used instead of the word "to" or a hyphen to indicate a connection between things, including geographic references (like the Mason–Dixon Line) and routes (such as the New York–Boston commuter train).
It is used to hyphenate compounds of compounds, where at least one pair is already hyphenated (as in "Netscape 6.1 is an Open‐Source–based browser."). The Chicago Manual of style also states that it should be used "Where one of the components of a compound adjective contains more than one word," instead of a hyphen (as in "Netscape 6.1 is an Open Source–based browser"). Both of these rules are for clarity in indicating exactly what is being modified by the compound.
Other sources also specify the use of an en dash when referring to joint authors, as in the "Bose–Einstein" paper. Some also prefer it to a hyphen when text is set in all capital letters.
Some typographers prefer to use an en dash surrounded by full spaces instead of an em dash. Others prefer to insert hair spaces on either side of the em dash, but this is problematic with some web browsers (see the section on spaces for more detail).
- Em dash
The em dash (
—) is used to indicate a sudden break in thought ("I was thinking about writing a—what time did you say the movie started?"), a parenthetical statement that deserves more attention than parentheses indicate, or instead of a colon or semicolon to link clauses. It is also used to indicate an open range, such as from a given date with no end yet (as in "Peter Sheerin [1969—] authored this document."), or vague dates (as a stand‐in for the last two digits of a four‐digit year).
Two adjacent em dashes (a 2‐em dash) are used to indicate missing letters in a word ("I just don't f——ing care about 3.0 browsers").
Three adjacent em dashes (a 3‐em dash) are used to substitute for the author's name when a repeated series of works are presented in a bibliography, as well as to indicate an entire missing word in the text.
More info can be found at _URL_


text:
to apply a very low current to the base of the pile for up to 10 minutes. It is usually painless and has the best safety record of all available treatments. More than 120,000 patients have been successfully treated worldwide, and it is the only treatment approved in the USA for all grades of piles.
Cryosurgery freezes the pile to destroy it. It is not used much because it causes a watery discharge afterwards.
Infrared coagulation uses infrared light to destroy the pile. This method is not commonly used in the UK because it is not as effective as other methods.
Surgery. There are several different operations for piles.
- In the usual operation, the swollen spongy pad that forms the pile is cut away. It is painful for 7–10 days afterwards.
- A newer operation, called 'stapling', involves cutting away a 2 cm strip of the lining of the rectum and joining the cut edges with a special stapler. People seem to recover quicker from 'stapling' than from the ordinary operation. It is not yet a common operation in the UK, but it is popular in the rest of Europe. Although it is less painful than the ordinary operation, it seems to be less effective in the long-term and about 12% of people have a recurrence of the piles within 16 months (Surgery 2006;24:148–150). However, more research is needed.
- Another type of operation uses ultrasound to locate the arteries that feed blood into the pile. These arteries are then closed off using stitches. Bleeding from the pile decreases over the following few weeks. This treatment is becoming more popular, partly because it does not involve any cutting and is almost painless. More research is needed to see if it is effective in the long-term.
First published on: embarrassingproblems.com
Reviewed and edited by: Dr Kevin Barrett
Last updated: October 2020

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
CCTV testing and tools
After installing a CCTV system at a local pub, we were happy and relaxed to receive full payment. Later we had a phone call from the customer complaining that the cameras are blurry and the monitor had some disturbing waves at night! This was very unusual. We did not have a clue about the possible cause.
This can happen to you too
In such unexpected and atypical situations you may get struck with the following questions, just as we did:
- What went wrong? Everything was working fine when we left the premises.
- How many labour hours will it require to find the faults and fix it?
- Is it going to ruin all my profit?
Testing, testing, testing
In CCTV installation, testing is very important to complete the project on agreed deadline and not to overspend or duplicate the work. Testing can be done in different phases of the project, we will discuss about that in forthcoming articles. This article solely discusses the available tools to test a CCTV system.
As CCTV is about video streaming, testing video signals in the both ends of the wire (cable) is vital. When RG59 or RG58 is used, a video screen such as a DVD player or monitor can be used to test video signals. However, as RJ45 is getting popular, a DVD player or monitor per se isn't enough to do the job.
Cable length meter
Cable length meter allows accurate measurements of open/short-circuit CCTV coaxial cables. This can be used with RG59, RG58 or any equivalent cables. Signals can be detected from 2.5 to 400 metres with a 4-digit LCD display. These meter are normally sold at approx. £170.
Video sensing device
This small, pen-shaped device is used to test BNC cables by simply connecting it to them. It is very easy to use but doesn't provide detailed information. This type of devices is sold at approx. £30.
CCTV Tester (all-in-one)
A CCTV tester is a device with a small screen (often 3 x 4 inches) and facilities to test coaxial cable, RJ45, cameras, PTZ, microphones and monitors. This is a handy tool in testing signal strengths and any signal short circuit. CCTV testers are sold at approx. £200.00.
CCTV tester with camera attached
The latest addition to CCTV testers is a CCTV tester with a micro camera which will enable to record video footage on an SD card. They also come with LED lights and a cable extension. This can be used to find cables in a fully shielded ceiling and difficult places you can't reach easily.
Here is a good example:
There are lot of testing tools available in the market. Of course, you are not required to buy all of them: you need the ones that match your requirements.
And, how about the pub?
We found that the pub was using a large machine which was powered by a thick wire. This wire was running very close to our cables. We secured all our cables by installing trucking; however, this was a costly solution. Video sensing device was used in finding places where truckings were required.
This mistake could have been prevented if we have used the right testing techniques and tools the first time.
Now you can get deeper into CCTV Technology
You can learn too how to apply testing methods in CCTV installation. F R Joseph Anton regularly runs CCTV Installation Courses. With us, you can become a qualified CCTV installer in 2 days. Get on board with us. Learn about our CCTV Installation and Maintenance Courses here.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Etikettarkiv: tutorial
Internet of things with Arduino Yun and Yaler
yunblogpicThis tutorial will demonstrate how the Arduino Yun can be controlled from anywhere with any internet connected web browser. Controlling the Yun with a web browser connected to the same network, for example connected to the same wifi router as the Yun, is straight forward and well covered in the Arduino Yun bridge tutorial. However, a common problem in home automation and internet of things applications is that it is difficult to reach devices connected behind wifi routers from the outside. There are different approaches to overcome this problem:
 - Port forwarding and static ip addresses. This solution requires the user of the connected device to know how to configure a router and have access to router administration which is not always possible. A Yun tutorial with port forwarding is found here.
 - Polling is a technique where the connected device at regular intervals checks with an external server if the device should take action. This solution requires no configuration of the router but it creates extra network traffic and response delays.
 - A third way is to use WebSockets which is a way of providing real time full-duplex communication over TCP. Spacebrew is a good open source toolkit for connected devices using WebSockets. Autobahn is another infrastructure that can be used.
 - Reverse HTTP is the solution that will be used in this tutorial. We will use Yaler which is an open source relay infrastructure that gives access to connected devices with very little configuration.
Let's get started.
Step 1: Download all the example code from GitHub
Step 2: Sign up for a yaler account at try.yaler.net and note your yaler relay domain.
yaler registration
Add your relay domain on the second line of the Arduino sketch yunYaler.ino:
[cpp]
#define DEBUG false //NOTE: the serial monitor must be opened if debug is true
#define RELAYDOMAIN "your-relay-domain" //Change this to your relay domain, something like gsiot-zzzz-yyyy
[/cpp]
Step 3: Make sure that your computer and the Yun are connected to the same network. Instructions can be found at the Arduino website. Note: The Yun and the computer only has to be on the same network during configuration. As soon as the programs are uploaded to the Yun, they can be on completely different networks, which is the whole point with this tutorial.
Step 4: Start terminal on Mac or for example PuTTY on Windows. Change direcory to the folder where yunYaler.py is located on your computer with something like
[bash gutter="false"]cd /Users/username/some/folder/somewhere/[/bash]
ssh-cd2
Step 5: Copy the python program yunYaler.py to Yun with
[bash gutter="false"]scp -r ./yunYaler.py _EMAIL_:/usr/lib/python2.7/bridge[/bash]
and enter your arduino password when prompted.
Note: If you have changed the name of your Yun from the default name arduino, you will have to use _EMAIL_:/usr... instead. You can also use the ip-address of the Yun like this: root@http://192.168.1.96:/usr...
yun-scp
Step 6: Upload yunYaler.ino to the Arduino. Make sure you have changed the RELAYDOMAIN definition to your domain first. Also set the DEBUG definition to either true or false. true requires the serial monitor to be opened for the sketch to run. Debug messages will then be printed to the serial monitor.
The arduino sketch opens a pyhon script yunYaler.py that does the actual communication with the Yaler relay. The python script is launched by the runYaler-function in yunYaler.ino:
[cpp]
void runYaler() {
 p.begin("python");
 p.addParameter("yunYaler.py");
 p.addParameter("try.yaler.net");
 p.addParameter(RELAYDOMAIN);
 p.addParameter("bridge"); //enable bridge mode
 p.runAsynchronously(); //makes it possible for the arduino to do other things while waiting for yaler request
}
[/cpp]
runAsynchronously makes the python script and arduino sketch run independently from each other, and makes it possible for the arduino to do other things while it is waiting for a yaler request. Yun Bridge is used for communication between the arduino sketch and the python script. A very good introduction to Yun Bridge is covered in the blog Adventures with Arduino Yun. If, for example, a led on pin 13 should be turned on, a REST command is sent to Yun from any web browser:
_URL_
The python script parses out the part of the url after /arduino and sends to the arduino sketch through the bridge with value.put('rest',rest):
[python]
if acceptable and (x[0] == '1') and (x[1] == '0') and (x[2] == '1'):
 keepGoing, requestUrl = getStringBeforePattern(' HTTP/1.1', s)
 pos=requestUrl.lower().find('/arduino')
 if pos!=-1:
 rest=requestUrl.lower()[pos+8:]
 if usebridge:
 value.put('rest',rest)
 now=time.strftime('%H:%M:%S', time.localtime())
 value.put('time',now)
 putStatus=True
[/python]
The arduino sketch checks periodically if the bridge is updated, and reads the rest command if it is updated:
[cpp]
 Bridge.get("rest", frompython, 32);
 String rest=String(frompython);
 Bridge.get("time", frompython, 32);
 String time=String(frompython);
 if (lastTime!=time) {
 lastTime=time;
 process(rest,time);
 }
[/cpp]
If there is a new rest command, the function process is called that tries to find a valid command and act accordingly:
[cpp]
void process(String rest, String time) {
 // read the command
 String command = head(rest);
 rest=tail(rest);
 // is "digital" command?
 if (command == "digital") {
 digitalCommand(rest);
 }
 // is "analog" command?
 else if (command == "analog") {
 analogCommand(rest);
 }
 // is "mode" command?
 else if (command == "mode") {
 modeCommand(rest);
 }
 else {
 String answer="{\"command\":\"unsupported\",\"action\":\"unsupported\"}";
 Bridge.put("answer",answer);
 }
}
[/cpp]
Step 7: Now that both the Arduino sketch and the Python script are uploaded, all is set and it is time to test it. After power up, it might take more than one minute before the Yun has booted and the wifi connection is established. It is important that the wifi connection is established before the Arduino sketch starts the Python process. To ensure this there is a 2 minute delay when Led 13 will blink before it is ready.
Note 1: Led 13 will blink fast (twice a second) for 1 minute, stop blinkning for
some seconds and start blinking slow (once a second) for another minute
Note 2: if DEBUG is true there will be no delay. Instead led 13 will blink very fast
until the serial monitor is opened. As soon as the serial monitor is opened, the led will stop blinking and it is ready. The Yun must be connected to the computer with a usb cable for this to work.
Note 3: If you forgot to change your-relay-domain to your domain in the Arduino sketch, Led 13 will be solid on (no blink)
Step 8: Just enter the following URL-s in any web browser to read or write data. Be sure to change your-relay-domain to your yaler relay domain:
 - set D13 to HIGH (turn built in led on) with
 _URL_
 - set D13 to LOW (turn built in led off) with
 _URL_
 - read D13 state with
 _URL_
 - read analog input A4 with
 _URL_
The response to the above commands will be in json format:
 - {"command":"digital","pin":13,"value":1,"action":"write"}
 - {"command":"digital","pin":13,"value":0,"action":"write"}
 - {


text:
Most Active Stories
Thu January 5, 2012
How A Computer Scientist Tried To Save Greece
Originally published on Mon May 7, 2012 10:13 am
It's like a bad joke. Why did the Greek government borrow so much money?
Because it couldn't get its own citizens to pay taxes.
The Greek government estimates that one third of taxes owed never get paid. And apparently it was far easier to borrow money even at outrageous rates than to make Greeks pay what they owe.
So in 2009, the Greek finance ministry called in an unlikely hero: A methodical, computer science professor at Athens University, Diomidis Spinellis.
Spinellis tackled the problems like it was programming challenge. He made something called a mind map. A mind map looks like a tree, and it maps how your brain works. And Spinellis's mind map illustrated in a precise, clean manner why Greece is missing so much of its tax revenue.
First on the mind map. Locate the tax evaders, he thought, and improve tax collection. It should be easy, because wherever he looked in the data, he saw tax evasion.
For instance, a corporation often lists its shareholders and their compensation. Those shareholders also reported their income for their taxes. So he used a computer program to check that the numbers matched — the reported income should not be less than the compensation. But, Spinellis's program found in many cases, it was:
What we found is that some failed to declare that amount completely and others missed a digit so they declared ten times less what they actually had to declare.
Spinellis's program found hundreds of thousands of cases of potential tax fraud.
Greece has three hundred regional tax offices. Spinellis thought the solution was simple. Share the data with all of them and wait for the revenues to come flowing in.
Most Greeks will tell you there is widespread corruption in the tax offices. Collectors take bribes.
So Spinellis added a new item to the mind map. Management issues at regional tax offices.
Spinellis wrote a small program that would extract each day's performance data from every single tax office. It recorded information on how much revenue was collected, how many cases were closed, the number of days it took to close a case, etc. It also kept a list of the tax offices that had not closed a single case that day. There were hundreds of them.
The program sent an email every single afternoon to the finance minister and every tax collection office, reporting which offices did absolutely nothing that day. And still, days passed with no action.
It is around this point, two years in, that Spinellis had a disturbing thought. A new item on his mind map. Fixing Greece's tax system, and ultimately making the Greek economy work, was not a matter of tweaking his computer programs. It was not an information problem. It was a culture problem.
If the people don't want to pay taxes, the collectors don't want to collect, and the politicians don't want to punish them, perhaps Greece needs more than a mind map.
At the end of 2011, Spinellis resigned from his government job. He's back to teaching.
And for now, Greece is surviving on international bailouts from countries where people do pay their taxes. In just a few weeks European inspectors will travel to Athens to check if, among other things, Greece has increased tax collection. If the culture has finally changed.
ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:
Also increase, a top tax official faces criminal charges this week for failing to do his job. That's a common refrain in Greek life, the tax collector who shows little interest in collecting taxes, despite the country's enormous debt.
Chana Joffe-Walt of our Planet Money team introduces us to one man who tried to buck that trend.
CHANA JOFFE-WALT, BYLINE: Diomidis Spinellis has a Mind Map. He's a methodical computer science professor at the Athens University and he has a Mind Map on his laptop.
PROFESSOR DIOMIDIS SPINELLIS: It tries to map how your mind works. It's like a tree.
JOFFE-WALT: Imagine a graphical outline of the tasks before you at any given time, or a flowchart with tasks, subtasks, sub-subtasks. A Mind Map can, for instance, illustrate in a precise, clean manner the situation Greece finds itself in right now.
Greece borrowed too much money. Click, and it branches out to: Greece cannot pay back its debt. Click, two branches here: This fact threatens all euro countries and Greece is surviving off international bailouts. Click, Greece needs to increase revenues.
SPINELLIS: It was actually a no-brainer that I could help with that, or at least I thought I could help with that.
JOFFE-WALT: In 2009, Spinellis brought his methodical approach and his Mind Map to the Greek Finance Ministry. Solving the tax problem, he proposed, was not that difficult. Actually, with the help of information technology, it might even be kind of easy.
SPINELLIS: Because all the data was there; wherever you looked you could see evidence of tax evasion. And I thought you just have to cross-correlate those two tables and you will find the tax evaders, and then we can improve revenue collection.
JOFFE-WALT: For instance, say a corporation lists its officers and their compensation. Have the computer program check the officers' declared income. It should not be less than their compensation, but Spinellis' program found, in many cases, it was.
SPINELLIS: What we found is that some failed to declare that amount completely and others missed a digit so they declared 10 times less what they actually had to declare.
JOFFE-WALT: Spinellis' program found hundreds of thousands of cases of potential tax fraud.
SPINELLIS: Initially, we felt that's simple. We just post those results to the original tax offices, they get the money and we are all happy.
JOFFE-WALT: Greece has 300 regional tax offices. Spinellis shared his data with every one of them. And then he waited for the revenues to come flowing in - nothing. A few weeks later, he sent it out again.
SPINELLIS: The results were disappearing in a black hole.
JOFFE-WALT: Most weeks will tell you there is widespread corruption in the tax offices - collectors take bribes. So an item was added to the Mind Map: management of regional tax offices. Spinellis wrote a small program that would extract each day's performance data from every single tax office.
SPINELLIS: How much revenue was collected through how many cases that were closed; the average number of cases; how many days you would need for all the cases to close if they were working at that rate. And also, a list of tax offices that hadn't closed a single case on that day, and there are hundreds of offices each day that don't close a single case.
JOFFE-WALT: The program sent an email every single afternoon to the finance minister and every tax collection office reporting which offices did absolutely nothing that day.
SPINELLIS: And many days passed without anything happening.
JOFFE-WALT: It is around this point, two years in, that Spinellis had a disturbing thought. Fixing Greece's tax system, and ultimately making the Greek economy work, was not a matter of tweaking his computer programs. It was not an information problem. It was a culture problem.
The people, the tax collectors had to want to go after tax cheats. And if they didn't want to, they needed a boss who would make them want to.
SPINELLIS: This turnaround artist is not somebody we have within the tax collection agency.
JOFFE-WALT: At the end of 2011, Spinellis resigned from his government job. He's back to teaching. And Greece is still surviving off international bailouts.
In just a few weeks, European inspectors will travel to Athens to check if, among other things, Greece has managed to increase tax collections, if the turnaround artists have shown up.
Chana Joffe-Walt, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright National Public Radio.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Water diversion bypass to divert fresh water from reaching cave
A 200-metre long bypass has been built to divert as much as 13,000 cubic metre/day water from flowing into Tham Luang cave as officials continue to drain water out of the cave.
Royal Irrigation Department chief Thongplaew Kongchan said Wednesday that his officials and those from the Mineral Resources Department, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, PTT, Chevron Thailand and villagers joined hands to build the water diversion bypass after it was discovered on Tuesday that there is a creek at the southward end of Tham Luang or Martin Point that flows into the cave.
The 200-metre long water diversion bypass which is expected to be completed today will divert about 13,000 cubic metres of water from flowing into the cave each day and will thus cause water in the cave to recede even if there are rains.
Currently, about 68,000 cubic metres of water are being drained out of the cave each day, making the water level in the cave to drop an average of one centimeter every two hours, said Mr Thongplaew.
As for the 800 rai of rice field which is flooded as a result of the water pumped out of the cave, water pumps have been installed by officials of the Town and City Planning Department to drain water out of the rice field into Ma canal about 30 kilometres away.
The Ma canal merges with Nam Luak river before it flows down into the Mekong River.


text:
The following is paraphrased from a talk Chris Thorncroft (of SUNY Albany) gave at Climatea today. Any mistakes are certain to be based on my misunderstandings.
The jet arises from thermal wind balance between the hot saharan air and the cooler sale atmosphere (The gradient points south, so the Jet is Easterly). But why is the jet at such a low altitude (600hPa?) – other jets are nearer the tropopause.
The answer stems from the unusually dry Saharan air. The dryness is such that the temperature profile is essentially a dry adiabatic – there is essential no latent heat released to counteract the cooling by expansion as air rises above the sahara.
Above the Sahel, the air is moist, so there is plenty of latent heating and the temperature drops less rapidly.
Thermal-Wind Balance requires that the wind is increases with height in proportion to (and perpendicular to) the horizontal temperature gradient. So, the Jet peaks when the temperature gradient vanishes – where the temperature above the Sahel and the Sahara are the same.
For other jets, there is moist convection on both sides of the jet, so the temperatures equalize much higher than over West Africa.


text: Tire-pavement interaction noise has become the dominant source of traffic noise for vehicular speeds greater than 30 mph, as the automotive engine and exhaust system noise are being effectively controlled. Compared with field testing for tire-pavement sound pressure measurement, this study develops an efficient boundary element method (BEM)/finite element method (FEM) model for tire-pavement interaction noise prediction for typical truck tires. The tire structure and modal characteristics of a semisteel radial truck tire are computed using the FEM, and the solution for the radiation acoustic fields caused by the vibration under harmonic excitations is based on the BEM. Application of this model is verified for simulation of the noise reduction performance of porous asphalt concrete with different porosity values. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of tire-pavement interaction noise prediction with the BEM/FEM model. Further research will be conducted with the noise excitation resulting from pavement surface texture profiles.


lists and literature records, general situation of the Chinese medicinal endemic plant (vascular plant) has been systematically summarized, and its quantity and distribution characteristics of Chinese medicinal endemic plants are presented in this paper. The results showed that 3 150 endemic species are Chinese medicinal plants belonging to 785 genera in 153 families, which includes 38 species of 22 genera in 12 families of pteridophyta, 42 species of 14 genera in7 families of gymnosperms, and 3 070 species of 749 genara in 134 families of angiosperms. The top four families involving medicinal endemic species are Asteraceae (218 species), Ranunculaceae (182 species), Labiatae (151 species), and Liliaceae (133 species). The top four provincial administration distributed medicinal endemic species are Sichuan (1 568 species), Yunnan (1 533 species), Guizhou (955 species) and Hubei (930 species).On the regional scale, the most abundant one is the southwest region (2 465 species), followed by the central region (1 226 species) and the northwest region (949 species). Localization characteristics for domestication and artificial cultivation of medicinal endemic species are more prominent due to their narrower and limited distribution areas, indicating it is possible for these species acting as local potential resource for reasonable economic development.
10.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-279199
ABSTRACT
In recent years, with the price rise of Amomum villosum, the quality of A. villosum in the market has been in disorder. To understand the quality status of A. villosum in the market and provide reference for the commercial size fifty-seven samples were collected from different producing areas or markets from August 2013. The samples were detected with evaluation on appearance quality, determination of the contents of bornyl acetate, determination of pesticide residues and heavy metals residues based on Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. The results showed that the pesticide residues and heavy metals residues met the requirments, all the samples from different producing areas were qualified except one sample from Fujian province. The qualified rate of native products and imports products samples from market were 43.75% and 14.29%, respectively, the qualified rate of the samples of Yunnan province from producing areas was higher than that from the market. There are two ports at the national level in Yunnan province, where the southern herbs from. A. villosumis one of import medicines from Southeast Asia, and lots of A. villosum samples import to China from Yunnan ports. Most of pharmacists believed that all of the samples from Yunnan province produced in Yunnan. The great majority of commercial species was A. villosum, but A. longiliglare was scarce. Through the survey, it isfound that the main factors affecting the quality of Amomi Fructus was source, lots of A. villosum samples have been replaced by the Amomi Fructus, so the source of imports Amomi Fructus was not clear, which was also more difficult to identify. The quality of A. villosum needs to protect, optimize germplasm, strict control of medicinal sources, specification for medicinal harvesting and processing technology.
11.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-307105
ABSTRACT
This paper was aimed to study the effects of icariin (ICA) on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and the molecular mechanism of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and MAPK signaling pathway. In this study, VSMC was induced by ox-LDL (50 mg•L⁻¹),the effect of ICA on the proliferation of VSMC was detected by MTT assay, Western blot and Real-time PCR. The results showed that after stimulation of ox-LDL, the proliferation activity of VSMC was increased, S phase, G₂/M phase cells were increased, G₀/G₁ phase cells were decreased, PCNA protein expression was enhanced; ICA (40, 20, 10 μmol•L⁻¹) could effectively inhibit ox-LDL-induced VSMC proliferation, S phase and G₂/M phase cells were decreased, the percentage of cells in G₀/G₁ phase were increased, PCNA expression was decreased, p38MAPK and ERK1/2 activation were inhibited. These results indicate that ICA can inhibit the proliferation of VSMC by reducing the expression of PCNA and blocking the p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
12.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-258410
ABSTRACT
In order to find out the composition, characteristics and traditional utilization characteristics of Dai medicine and promote the rational protection, inheritance and utilization of the resources and traditional knowledge of Dai medicine in China, the resources of traditional Dai medicine have been investigated systematically and the traditional knowledge of Dai medicine have been analyzed in the article. We found out that there were altogether 1 077 kinds of traditional Dai medicine in China and among which 272 were the first time recorded in the condition of Dai folk medical uses. There were 1 053 plant medicines which belong to 169 family and 694 genus. These plant medicines mainly distributed in the southern, west southern and east southern area of Yunnan province, the southern area of Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian province and tropical, subtropical district as Taiwan, and more than 94.49% plant medicines could be found in Yunnan province. From the point of plant life form, they were major herbaceous or shrubby plants; When it is used as medicinal part, root and rhizome of plants account for the highest proportion, the next were whole plant and leaves. From nature, flavor and channel tropism points of view, the largest proportion of Dai medicines were cool, bitter-tasted and possesses water element. In terms of treatment of disease types, most of the drugs can treat gastrointestinal diseases, next were drugs that could be used to treat upper respiratory infection, traumatological and rheumatic diseases, urinary infection, gynecological diseases, hepatopathy, puerperium fever and diseases caused by poisonous insects and beast of prey bite. The study revealed that the resources of traditional Dai medicine and traditional knowledge of application were abundant in China, but the resources of traditional Dai medicine and traditional knowledge of application were faced with the risk of gradually reduce and loss. The article suggested that we should take measures to strengthen the study of protection and utilization of important traditional Dai medicine and endangered resources along with the protection and transmission of traditional knowledge of Dai nationalistic medicine.
13.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-820355
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) in patients with aortic valve prolapse (AVP) and mild aortic regurgitation (AR).@*METHODS@#Between January 2008 and July 2014, transcatheter closure of VSD was attempted in 65 patients.@*RESULTS@#The total intermediate closure successful rate in all subjects was 96.9%. During the perioperative period, no death, major bleeding, pericardial tamponade, occluder dislodgement, residual shunt or hemolysis occurred. Two procedures had been forced to suspend due to significant aggregation of device related aortic regurgitation, three cases of transient complete left bundle branch block occurred but did not sustain. At 1-year follow-up, no patients had residual shunts and complications. Furthermore, grade of residual AR were relieved in 61.9% (39/63) cases and degree of AVP were ameliorated in 36.5% (23/63) patients;@*CONCLUSIONS@#Transcatheter closure VSD in selected patients with AVP and mild AR is technically feasible and highly effective. Long term safety and efficacy needs to be assessed.
14.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-351284
ABSTRACT
The sequences of ITS, matK, rbcL and psbA-trnH of 9 Gynostemma species or variety including 38 samples were compared and analyzed by molecular phylogeny method. Hemsleya macrosperma was designated as outgroup. The MP and NJ phylogenetic tree of Gynostemma was built based on ITS sequence, the results of PAUP phylogenetic analysis showed the following results: (1) The eight individuals of G. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum were not supported as monophyletic in the strict consensus trees and NJ trees. (2) It is suspected whether G. longipes and G. laxum should be classified as the independent species. (3)The classification of subgenus units of Gynostemma plants is supported.
Subject(s)
Gynostemma , Classification , Genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins , Genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA
15.
Chinese Medical Journal ; (24): 2638-2645, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-315280
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDPyroptosis is the term for caspase-1-dependent cell death associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The role of alveolar macrophage (AM) pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of


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Working with REST APIs — Flutter 💙
Working with REST APIs — Flutter 💙
Feb 24, 2022
Learn how to integrate APIs, fetch data from a public API, and use it in your Flutter app. Our guest writer Abhishek Doshi wrote a great guide about working with REST APIs when you're using Flutter.
Data, data, and data. Everything we see in today's world is just data. So how can we get data into our app? How can we integrate APIs into our app? Let's find out!
There are a lot of ways we show data in our app, such as:
 - Static data
 - From a file
 - From a database or public APIs
The most common method is to show data from a database or public APIs. Even loading data from a database involves using APIs, though these can be private. So, let's see how you can integrate APIs, fetch data from a public API, and use it in your Flutter app!
How do APIs Work?
A user application can make GET, POST, PUT, or DELETE HTTP requests to a database. In return, the database sends us data, results, or responses in the form of JSON, HTML, or XML (with the JSON format being the most widely used). We then parse the JSON into a proper model class and use it in our app.
Integrating an API into a Flutter app
There are a few steps that we can follow to easily integrate an API into our Flutter app:
Step 1: Get the API URL and endpoints.
Step 2: Add relevant packages into the app (http, dio, chopper, etc.).
Step 3: Create a constant file that stores URLs and endpoints.
Step 4: Create a model class to parse the JSON.
Step 5: Create a file that handles the API call, and write specific methods to fetch and parse data.
Step 6: Use the data in your app.
In this article, we will use an example to learn how to integrate an API into a Flutter app. We will use the JSONPlaceholder API, which provides fake APIs, so that we can practice.
So, let's get to work!
we will use an example to learn how to integrate an API into a Flutter app
Step 1: Get the API URL and endpoints
To get the API URL (referred to as the base URL) and endpoints, go to the JSONPlaceholder website. There, you will find the different APIs that they provide. Today, we're going to use their users API. Hence, the base URL and API endpoint will be:
Base URL: _URL_
API endpoint: /users
The base URL for all APIs from a given database or API provider always remains the same; however, the endpoint changes depending on the API. Many API providers require you to obtain a private key (API key or access key), either by simply creating an account or by purchasing a key. The API key will be appended to the base URL. So, the new base URL will be:
New base URL = BaseUrl/apiKey
Example: _URL_
Step 2: Add relevant packages into the app (http, dio, chopper, etc.)
There are many packages available on pub.dev that we can use to integrate APIs in Flutter. The most widely used packages are:
There are many more packages, though http is the most basic and easy to use. The other packages mostly act as wrappers for the http package and provide additional functionalities.
Now, once you have created a new Flutter project, go to the pubspec.yaml file, and add the http package into it. Your pubspec.yaml file should look something like the following:
name: rest_api_example
description: A new Flutter project.
publish_to: 'none' # Remove this line if you wish to publish to pub.dev
version: 1.0.0+1
environment:
 sdk: ">=2.15.1 <3.0.0"
dependencies:
 cupertino_icons: ^1.0.2
 flutter:
 sdk: flutter
 http: ^0.13.4
dev_dependencies:
 flutter_lints: ^1.0.0
 flutter_test:
 sdk: flutter
flutter:
 uses-material-design: true
Step 3: Create a constant file that stores URLs and endpoints
Now, it's time to create a simple file named constants.dart that will hold all your URLs and endpoints. In our case, we only have one endpoint, but it's a good practice to have a separate file. Your constants.dart file will look something like the following:
class ApiConstants {
 static String baseUrl = '_URL_';
 static String usersEndpoint = '/users';
}
Here, we have created a class called ApiConstants and two static variables so that we can access them without creating an instance of the class like ApiConstants.baseUrl.
Step 4: Create a model class to parse the JSON
One way to access the data is by using the key directly. However, it's an effective and easy approach to create a model class, parse the JSON, and get an object out of that JSON response.
Use this to access the data directly:
final data = json[0]['id'];
Here, we try to access the ID of the 0th record of the JSON response. This is only easy to do when you have limited records and entries.
Now, to create a model class, you will first need the entire JSON response you are getting from the API. To get that, just go to _URL_ and you will be able to obtain the entire JSON response, as this is a public API. In the case of a private API or custom back-end APIs, either it will be available in the documentation, or you can use Postman to hit the API and get the response.
Once you have the response, you can create the model class using a simple method. Go to _URL_ and paste the JSON response on the left side. In the options on the right side, select Dart, and your model class will be generated! You can then change the name of the class.
Your model class file will look something like here.
Step 5: Create a file that handles the API call, and write specific methods to fetch and parse data
Now, create a file called api_service.dart that will handle the API calls.
import 'dart:developer';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
import 'package:rest_api_example/constants.dart';
import 'package:rest_api_example/model/user_model.dart';
class ApiService {
 Future<List<UserModel>?> getUsers() async {
 try {
 var url = Uri.parse(ApiConstants.baseUrl + ApiConstants.usersEndpoint);
 var response = await http.get(url);
 if (response.statusCode == 200) {
 List<UserModel> _model = userModelFromJson(response.body);
 return _model;
 }
 } catch (e) {
 log(e.toString());
 }
 }
}
In the above file, we create a function called getUsers that returns a List. The first step is to hit the GET HTTP request. The next step is to check whether the API call was successful or not using response.statusCode. If the API call is successful, the statusCode will be 200. If the statusCode is 200, we then convert the JSON (response.body) into a List using the method userModelFromJson, which is available in the model class that we created, and then return the model object.
Step 6: Use the data in your app
We have created all the required files and methods for the API, which we can call from our app's back end. Now it's time to load this data on our UI. We don't have to do much, just make a method call and load that result onto the UI.
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:rest_api_example/model/user_model.dart';
import 'package:rest_api_example/services/api_service.dart';
class Home extends StatefulWidget {
 const Home({Key? key}) : super(key: key);
 @override
 _HomeState createState() => _HomeState();
}
class _HomeState extends State<Home> {
 late List<UserModel>? _userModel = [];
 @override
 void initState() {
 super.initState();
 _getData();
 }
 void _getData() async {
 _userModel = (await ApiService().getUsers())!;
 Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 1)).then((value) => setState(() {}))


6,562 ft) with averages from 12 to 25 °C (53.6 to 77.0 °F); many of Venezuela's cities, including the capital, lie in this region. Colder conditions with temperatures from 9 to 11 °C (48.2 to 51.8 °F) are found in the cool zone between 2,000 and 3,000 meters (6,562 and 9,843 ft), especially in the Venezuelan Andes, where Pastureland and permanent snowfield with yearly averages below 8 °C (46 °F) cover land above 3,000 meters (9,843 ft) in the páramos.
The highest temperature recorded was 42 °C (108 °F) in Machiques,[64] and the lowest temperature recorded was −11 °C (12 °F), it has been reported from an uninhabited high altitude at Páramo de Piedras Blancas (Mérida state),[65] even though no official reports exist, there is knowledge of lower temperatures in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida.
Venezuela lies within the Neotropic ecozone; large portions of the country were originally covered by moist broadleaf forests. One of seventeen megadiverse countries,[66] Venezuela's habitats range from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east. They include xeric scrublands in the extreme northwest and coastal mangrove forests in the northeast.[32] Its cloud forests and lowland rainforests are particularly rich.[67]
Animals of Venezuela are diverse and include manatees, Three-toed sloth, Two-toed sloth, Amazon river dolphins, and Orinoco crocodiles, which have been reported to reach up to 6.6 m (22 ft) in length. Venezuela hosts a total of 1,417 bird species, 48 of which are endemic.[68] Important birds include ibises, ospreys, kingfishers,[67] and the yellow-orange Venezuelan Troupial, the national bird. Notable mammals include the Giant Anteater, jaguar, and the capybara, the world's largest rodent. More than half of Venezuelan avian and mammalian species are found in the Amazonian forests south of the Orinoco.[69]
For the fungi, an account was provided by R.W.G. Dennis[70] which has been digitized and the records made available on-line as part of the Cybertruffle Robigalia database.[71] That database includes nearly 3,900 species of fungi recorded from Venezuela, but is far from complete, and it is likely that the true total number of fungal species already known from Venezuela is higher. The true total number of fungal species occurring in Venezuela, including species not yet recorded, is likely to be far higher, given the generally accepted estimate that only about 7% of all fungi worldwide have so far been discovered.[72]
The araguaney (Tabebuia chrysantha), Venezuela's national tree.
Among plants of Venezuela, over 25,000 species of orchids are found in the country's cloud forest and lowland rainforest ecosystems.[67] These include the flor de mayo orchid (Cattleya mossiae), the national flower. Venezuela's national tree is the araguaney, whose characteristic lushness after the rainy season led novelist Rómulo Gallegos to name it "[l]a primavera de oro de los araguaneyes" (the golden spring of the araguaneyes).
Venezuela is among the top twenty countries in terms of endemism.[73] Among its animals, 23% of reptilian and 50% of amphibian species are endemic.[73] Although the amount of available information is still very small, a first effort has been made to estimate the number of fungal species endemic to Venezuela: 1334 species of fungi have been tentatively identified as possible endemics of the country.[74] Some 38% of the over 21,000 plant species known from Venezuela are unique to the country.[73]
Venezuela is one of the ten most biodiverse countries on the planet, yet it is one of the leaders of deforestation due to economic and political factors. Each year, roughly 287 600 hectares of forest is permanently destroyed and other areas are degraded by mining, oil extraction and logging. Between 1990 and 2005, Venezuela officially lost 8.3% of its forest cover, which is approximately 4 313 000 hectares. In response, federal protections for critical habitat were implemented; for example, 20% to 33% of forested land is protected.[69] The country has a biosphere reserve that is part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves; five wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention.[75] In 2003, 70% of the nation's land was under conservation management in over 200 protected areas, including 43 national parks.[76] Venezuela's 43 national parks include Canaima National Park, Morrocoy National Park and Mochima National Park. In the far south is a reserve for the country's Yanomami tribes. Covering 32,000 square miles (almost 83,000 square kilometers), the area is off-limits to farmers, miners, and all non-Yanomami settlers.
Government and politics[edit]
Following the fall of Marcos Pérez Jiménez in 1958, Venezuelan politics were dominated by the Third Way Christian democratic COPEI and the center-left social democratic Democratic Action (AD) parties; this two-party system was formalized by the puntofijismo arrangement. Economic crises in the 1980s and 1990s led to a political crisis which saw hundreds dead in the Caracazo riots of 1989, two attempted coups in 1992, and impeachment of President Carlos Andrés Pérez for corruption in 1993. A collapse in confidence in the existing parties saw the 1998 election of Hugo Chávez, who had led the first of the 1992 coup attempts, and the launch of a "Bolivarian Revolution", beginning with a 1999 Constituent Assembly to write a new Constitution of Venezuela.
The opposition's attempts to unseat Chávez included the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt, the Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003, and the Venezuelan recall referendum, 2004, all of which failed. Chávez was re-elected in December 2006, but suffered a significant defeat in 2007 with the narrow rejection of the Venezuelan constitutional referendum, 2007, which had offered two packages of constitutional reforms aimed at deepening the Bolivarian Revolution.
There are currently two major blocs of political parties in Venezuela: the incumbent leftist bloc United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), its major allies Fatherland for All (PPT) and the Communist Party of Venezuela (PCV), and the opposition bloc grouped into the electoral coalition Mesa de la Unidad Democrática. This includes A New Era (UNT) together with allied parties Project Venezuela, Justice First, Movement for Socialism (MAS) and others. Hugo Chávez, the central figure of the Venezuelan political landscape since his election to the Presidency in 1998 as a political outsider, died in office in early 2013, and was succeeded by Nicolás Maduro (initially as interim President, before narrowly winning the Venezuelan presidential election, 2013).
The Venezuelan president is elected by a vote, with direct and universal suffrage, and is both head of state and head of government. The term of office is six years, and (as of 15 February 2009) a president may be re-elected an unlimited number of times. The president appoints the vice president and decides the size and composition of the cabinet and makes appointments to it with the involvement of the legislature. The president can ask the legislature to reconsider portions of laws he finds objectionable, but a simple parliamentary majority can override these objections.
The president may ask the National Assembly to pass an enabling act granting the ability to rule by decree in specified policy areas; this requires a two-thirds majority in the Assembly. Since 1959 six Venezuelan presidents have been granted such powers.
The unicameral Venezuelan parliament is the Asamblea Nacional ("National Assembly"). The number of members is variable – each state and the Capital district elect three representatives plus the result of dividing the state population by 1.1% of the total population of the country.[77] Three seats are reserved for representatives of Venezuela's indigenous peoples. For the 2011–2016 period the number of seats is 165.[78] All deputies serve five-year terms.
The voting age in Venezuela is 18 and older. Voting is not compulsory.[79]
The legal system of Venezuela belongs to the Continental Law tradition. The highest judicial body is the Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, whose magistrates are elected by parliament for a single twelve-year term. The National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral, or CNE) is in charge of electoral processes; it is formed by five main directors elected by the National Assembly. Supreme Court president Luisa Estela Morales said in December 2009 that Venezuela had moved away from "a rigid division of powers" toward a system characterized by "intense coordination" between the branches of government. Morales clarified that each power must be independent adding that "one thing is separation of


Tim Keefer > Gantry > Gantry::Conf::FAQ
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Gantry::Conf::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions regarding Gantry::Conf
Why should I use Gantry::Conf at all?
There are many reasons why we feel Gantry::Conf is helpful both during development and after deployment. The next two entries should hopefully answer this question for you as they outline a few common scenarios programmers and system administrators often face.
How is Gantry::Conf helpful during development?
Easy separation of development configs from production configs
Often programmers have a separate development environment from their production environment. By using blocks and dev instances you can avoid spending any serious time setting up your application in the development environment. Take this configuration example:

 dbuser nobody
 dbpass secret
 dbconn "dbi:Pg:dbname=dev"

 dbuser apache
 dbpass secret2
 dbconn "dbi:Pg:dbname=production"

 ConfigureVia FlatFile Config::General /etc/apps/app1.conf
 use production

 use dev
By separating out our production and dev database information into shared blocks we can essentially switch between our production and dev environments by simply changing the instance we are using. If you were working on a script this would be a simple matter of running:
 $ script.pl --instance=app1-dev
instead of:
 $ script.pl --instance=app1
How is Gatnry::Conf helpful in production?
Gantry::Conf has several advantages in a production environment. First, it provides a single place for all config information, if you commit to it. Even if you don't commit to it for all apps, it still provides control to the installing admin over how and where conf information is stored. For instance, the admin could put the config information directly into /etc/gantry.conf, or into a separate file in /etc/gantry.d. She could even set up a secure web server where all boxes would go to get their conf.
The short answer is, Gantry::Conf is flexible and production environments benefit from flexibility.
How do I pass my instance information into my application?
There are many possible ways to do this a few of which are:
Command line arguments
If your application accepts arguments on the command line we suggest adding an --instance option to pass in the instance's name.
In a mod_perl environment you could use a PerlSetVar, possibly named GantryConfInstance, to pull in this value for your application.
Again in a mod_perl environment, another option would be to use ModPerl::ParamBuilder to pass the instance name.
Hard coded
We include this for the sake of completeness, but advise against it. You could always simply hard code your instance information into your application, but this will greatly reduce the flexibility you have.
How do I add a different provider for an existing ConfigVia method?
Place your provider module in the Gantry::Conf::Provider::Method::* namespace. Make sure your public API matches the existing providers which use the same method. For instance the flat file providers all implement a config method which is called as a class method and receives a file name.
How do I add to the ConfigVia methods?
If none of the existing provider methods will do, you need to work in Gantry::Conf. In particular, you need to augment the dispatch hash with the name of your provisioning method and a sub name which will handle it. Then you need to implement the method you put in %dispatch.
Gantry(3), Gantry::Conf(3), Gantry::Conf::Tutorial(3)
Frank Wiles
Copyright (c) 2006, Frank Wiles.
syntax highlighting:


Feature Article - July/August 2006
Find a printable version here
Adults on Ice
Grow your programming by appealing to grownups
By Stacy St. Clair
Take a quick survey of your ice arena. Lots of kids whipping around the rink, right? Lots of activity, rentals and revenue happening, too.
Good. You're obviously doing something right. But you can—and should—be doing more.
For every kid who laces up a pair of skates, there's a parent who brought him or her to the rink. The majority of the time, those moms and dads just sit in the stands while their children hit the ice.
Truly successful rinks engage these parents (and grandparents), encouraging them to become active participants in the arenas' programs instead of passive bystanders living vicariously through their student athletes.
Some of the most successful North American rinks do this by offering a variety of programming that appeals to adults. They offer more than just ample public skate times. They have organized adult hockey leagues, provided adult learn-to-skate classes, and experimented with curling and speedskating programs.
Rinks that lure adults onto the ice with creative programming reap the rewards.
The people who traditionally spend time in the bleachers now are spending money on the ice as well.
"When it comes to adult learn-to-play programs, use them as your greatest resource," says Ashley Bevan of USA Hockey. "Learn-to-play programs are huge. That is the way to grow your business. It is all about getting a customer and retaining them."
And given the fact that the United States just came off its most successful Winter Olympics on foreign soil, there's no better time to test the frozen waters.
We'll help glide you through four sports—figure skating, curling, hockey and speedskating—that can help boost your adult patronage and keep your rink bustling.


text:
This modules contains the interface to the heart process. heart sends periodic heartbeats to an external port program, which is also named heart. The purpose of the heart port program is to check that the Erlang runtime system it is supervising is still running. If the port program has not received any heartbeats within HEART_BEAT_TIMEOUT seconds (default is 60 seconds), the system can be rebooted. Also, if the system is equipped with a hardware watchdog timer and is running Solaris, the watchdog can be used to supervise the entire system.
An Erlang runtime system to be monitored by a heart program, should be started with the command line flag -heart (see also erl(1). The heart process is then started automatically:
% erl -heart...
If the system should be rebooted because of missing heart-beats, or a terminated Erlang runtime system, the environment variable HEART_COMMAND has to be set before the system is started. If this variable is not set, a warning text will be printed but the system will not reboot. However, if the hardware watchdog is used, it will trigger a reboot HEART_BEAT_BOOT_DELAY seconds later nevertheless (default is 60).
To reboot on the WINDOWS platform HEART_COMMAND can be set to heart -shutdown (included in the Erlang delivery) or of course to any other suitable program which can activate a reboot.
The hardware watchdog will not be started under Solaris if the environment variable HW_WD_DISABLE is set.
The HEART_BEAT_TIMEOUT and HEART_BEAT_BOOT_DELAY environment variables can be used to configure the heart timeouts, they can be set in the operating system shell before Erlang is started or be specified at the command line:
% erl -heart -env HEART_BEAT_TIMEOUT 30...
The value (in seconds) must be in the range 10 < X <= 65535.
It should be noted that if the system clock is adjusted with more than HEART_BEAT_TIMEOUT seconds, heart will timeout and try to reboot the system. This can happen, for example, if the system clock is adjusted automatically by use of NTP (Network Time Protocol).
In the following descriptions, all function fails with reason badarg if heart is not started.
Sets a temporary reboot command. This command is used if a HEART_COMMAND other than the one specified with the environment variable should be used in order to reboot the system. The new Erlang runtime system will (if it misbehaves) use the environment variable HEART_COMMAND to reboot.
Limitations: The length of the Cmd command string must be less than 2047 characters.
Clears the temporary boot command. If the system terminates, the normal HEART_COMMAND is used to reboot.
Get the temporary reboot command. If the command is cleared, the empty string will be returned.


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Websites For Education
Urdu Stories and Novels by Umera Ahmed
Umera Ahmed is a great name of the Urdu popular fiction. Unlike many other writers, she made a choice to write popular fiction instead of the literature. Her motto is to reach as large an audience as possible. She knows that it is possible only through the popular fiction and not through the literature. Actually, in Pakistan the audience of the Urdu literature is very small in number. Therefore, it is not a surprise that a writer with such a large caliber chose the popular fiction over literature.
The Urdu stories and novels of Umera Ahmed are excellent in diction. This has made many people in her audience to wonder that may be her education is relevant to Urdu literature. However, it is not true. In fact, Umera Ahmed has done masters in the English literature.
She lives in Sialkot. She got her education from the Murray College, Sialkot. By profession, Umera Ahmed has also been a teacher along with being a writer. She is a teacher at Army Public School, Sialkot and she teaches English to O level students of grade 9 and 10.
How Umera Ahmed started writing in Urdu is a very interesting story. Umera Ahmed's handwriting of Urdu was very poor. In her university, she thought of writing diary every day in Urdu to improve her handwriting. Gradually instead of writing diary of her own accounts, she started to write diaries of two imaginary people, Kashaf and Zaroon, who were class fellows with clashing ideas in a Masters class of International relations. Over the time of two years, Umera's writing improved. Moreover, those two diaries of imaginary people became an interesting Urdu novel. Umera sent that novel for publishing and it was published very soon. Umera Ahmed recalls that since then none of her Urdu stories ever had to wait for publication.
There are some specific areas in which the stories of Umera Ahmed are very powerful. Umera Ahmed is an expert of writing on International affairs and bureaucracy. Her first novel was on international affairs. Then she wrote an excellent novel on the bureaucracy of Pakistan called Amer Bail. The Amer bail is a parasite plant and this is exactly what the bureaucracy of Pakistan is. Initially Umera also tried to write on the lives of the people belonging to Armed forces of Pakistan and their families. However, those stories had research mistakes and they were not very well received.
After the bureaucracy, current affairs, and international relations, Her interest tilted towards producing Urdu novels on religion. She does not preach about the religion in her novels. However, the factor of religious mindedness is very strong in her stories and novels. Some of her stories with very strong religious undertones are Meri Zaat Zara e Benishan, Man o Salwa and Peer e Kamil (s.a.w.)
These days Umera Ahmed is not writing stories and novels for the popular fiction digests. Her focus is to produce stories and scripts for the TV now. Therefore, in her quest to reach a large audience Umera Ahmed is now a script and storywriter for the television.…
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Websites For Education
Confused About College? These Tips Can Help!
Know as much as you can about the career you'd like to get into before even applying for college. This will make sure that you will select the college that has the program courses in your field of interest. If necessary, schedule an appointment with the director of admissions.
To help save money on textbooks, buy them used. Textbooks are generally quite costly. Given the high cost of tuition, you surely could use a few extra dollars. Look for bookstores and online retailers that offer used text books. Used books are totally affordable.
Pick classes that you like instead of ones that just seem easy. You can be greatly rewarded by stretching yourself. If you learn as much as you can about your classes, you might be able to meet some people that can guide you along your way.
Set aside some time for a break. Taking breaks is about as important for you to remember as the actual act of studying itself. For every 60 minutes you study, take ten minutes for a break. You should always stay with a schedule if you are in school.


text: High magnetizations are desirable for spintronic devices that operate by manipulating electronic states using built-in magnetic fields. However, the magnetic moment in promising dilute magnetic oxide nanocomposites is very low, typically corresponding to only fractions of a Bohr magneton for each dopant atom. In this study, we report a large magnetization formed by ion implantation of Co into amorphous TiO2-¿ films, producing an inhomogeneous magnetic moment, with certain regions producing over 2.5 ¿B per Co, depending on the local dopant concentration. Polarized neutron reflectometry was used to depth-profile the magnetization in the Co:TiO2-¿ nanocomposites, thus confirming the pivotal role of the cobalt dopant profile inside the titania layer. X-ray photoemission spectra demonstrate the dominant electronic state of the implanted species is Co0, with a minor fraction of Co2+. The detected magnetizations have seldom been reported before and lie near the upper limit set by Hund's rules for Co0, which is unusual because the transition metal's magnetic moment is usually reduced in a symmetric 3D crystal-field environment. Low-energy positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy indicates that defect structures within the titania layer are strongly modified by the implanted Co. We propose that a clustering motif is promoted by the affinity of the positively charged implanted species to occupy microvoids native to the amorphous host. This provides a seed for subsequent doping and nucleation of nanoclusters within an unusual local environment.


Xavier - Evaluation and Lessons Learned
Saved by Alicia
on February 27, 2011 at 6:09:01 pm
 Overview of project
 Why this project/the class
 The goals were:
 1. Visitors will add their voice to the exhibition by adding words to the sequence.
 2. Visitors will contribute to connections by participating in a continuous photographic record.
 3. The majority of participants will take the Flickr URL with them.
 4. Visitors will visit the Flickr site to see how their word connects to others and see how other visitor's contributed.
Evaluation methods
 Facilitator observation
 The facilitator, who was stationed next to the sculpture and was present to answer questions and take photos, used a paper chart to tally the number of visitors, groups, and participants. The facilitator's chart tracked the visitors' levels of interaction (walked by, stopped and watched, asked questions, participated) and their attitude (smiling, laughing, helping others, frowning, or ignoring). This observational method was unobtrusive and required no interviewing. Its faults and errors were due to lack of group consensus on what and how to count before beginning the project. Each facilitator tallied categories in their own way and there was particular confusion about whether groups should be marked as one participation or as though each member of the group was an individual participant. To see the charts, click here: Participation chart for Alphabet Soup with Xavier.Our final and most accurate measurement of participation therefore is the number of photos in the Flickr stream.
 Project participation
 - We did not get everyone to participate. A few people ignored us and the Xavier work, walking past us as though we meant to solicit something. Many more people stopped, looked and asked questions. Of those that stopped, some still walked away without participating. A few people walked away but came back later to participate.
 - Many of the people who stopped and asked questions seemed to be drawn in by the Flickr photos streaming on the computer screen. They often watched that to understand the activity instead of reading the instructions or to clarify our verbal explanation.
 - Many of the participants engaged positively with the activity - the majority smiling and/or laughing. Some even stayed after they had completed their word and photo to see what the next person would do or to see how their photo (once uploaded) contributed to the Flickr stream.
 - Most participants understood the activity and were able to create a corresponding word, then were willing to have their photo taken (with the understanding that it would be uploaded to a publicly accessible Flickr photo stream).
 - # of cards taken
 - Overall participation in relation to overally Henry attendance
 Project Limitations:
 - The venue's attendance is low and, being on a university campus, the number of people who could have been drawn in as they passed by was dramatically reduced over the weekend.
 - The general attendance was very low on Sunday and may have been due to the fact that it was Superbowl Sunday.
 - The majority of the visitors and activity participants were friends/family of the group members or were fellow Museology students. They had been personally been invited to the Henry and came specifically to support the project. We were unable to track how many visitors participated in Alphabet Soup with Xavier because they had an affiliation with class members as opposed to visitors who had otherwise heard about the project or those whose visits were unconnected to the project.
 - Our data collection method was inaccurate and incomplete. As mentioned above, the Xavier group did not communicate clearly about data collecting before beginning the project, which led to inaccurate numbers - especially the mismatched counts of participants and photos. The data collection did not include a way to track which visitor engaged in which levels of participation (if the visitor stopped and looked, did they then participate or walk away; if the visitor participated, did they smile, laugh, help others or react neutrally). This rendered our collection of data regarding level of participation and attitude extraneous and useless. Furthermore, as the group member serving as the faciliator was often busy explaining the activity and project, taking photos, or uploading the photos to Flickr, there were times when marking down observations was sidelined or a visitor was simply missed.
 - The flow of the activity was slightly confusing to potential participants because of its setup. With Xavier leaning against the wall on his left side, people were confused as to how the word chain should go (normally word bubbles read left to right; the statue and his placement dictated that they read right to left). Also, the statue's placement in a narrow space and our use of a tripod made the space slightly intimidating and formal looking. Visitors felt like they were intruding on the space or had to be too fully engaged in it (a couple of visitors expressed nerves over others watching or feeling as though they were in the spotlight).
 - The medium of magnetic paint on foam core posterboard was not the most reliable. The strength of the magnetic paint was weak (despite multiple coats) and it was a minor frustration to visitors and the facilitators that some letters would not stick or would fall off easily.
 what worked.
 magnets were attractive/familiar to people
 moving screen of images was attractive
 different way of learning what was going on - more people seemed to learn best by watching a) others B) flicker stream c) instructions
 what didn't
 had to be heavily facilitated
 physically moving letters was cumbersome
 paint was weak
 words read "backwards" from right to left - people may have had difficulty when seeing actual set up. then understood more when saw flickr.
 people still may not have "gotten" the idea
 people still seemed to be nervous/shy or not inspired or not wanting to be participatory that day.
 camera looked formal
 tucked away space may have been intimidating
 Initial obstacles with the work and the gallery:
 be careful - everyone wants to touch him
 communication needed more time - took a while to straighten things out.
 they had information but wasn't processed til last minute
 short time frame - development was compressed - 4 weeks.
 what would do different
 some things.
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What are the Benefits of Using NVMe Add-in Cards
NVMe is a flash storage interface that is designed for high-performance storage devices. NVMe is the successor to the AHCI interface and is faster and more efficient than AHCI. NVMe is used in SSDs and other high-performance storage devices.
NVMe has several benefits over AHCI, including faster data transfer speeds, lower latency, and improved power efficiency. NVMe also supports multiple queues, which allows for more concurrent operations and improved scalability.
NVMe is the ideal interface for high-performance storage devices such as SSDs. NVMe offers faster data transfer speeds, lower latency, and improved power efficiency. NVMe also supports multiple queues, which allows for more concurrent operations and improved scalability.
What are the Benefits of Using NVMe Add-in Cards
What are the benefits of using NVMe add-in cards?
There are many benefits to using NVMe add-in cards. One of the main benefits is the speed at which data can be accessed. NVMe add-in cards can provide up to four times the speed of a SATA SSD. This means that data can be accessed much faster, which is especially beneficial for applications that require quick access to data, such as video editing or gaming.
Another benefit of NVMe add-in cards is that they are much more energy efficient than SATA SSDs. This is because NVMe add-in cards use less power when accessing data. This means that they can help to extend the battery life of laptops and other devices that use them.
NVMe add-in cards also tend to be more reliable than SATA SSDs. This is because NVMe add-in cards use a more robust connection interface. This means that they are less likely to suffer from data corruption or connection issues.
Overall, NVMe add-in cards offer a number of advantages over SATA SSDs. They are much faster, more energy efficient, and more reliable. This makes them a great choice for applications that require quick access to data.
How does NVMe improve performance?
NVMe is a new storage protocol that was designed specifically for flash-based storage devices, such as SSDs. NVMe improves performance by reducing the latency associated with traditional storage protocols, such as SATA and SAS. NVMe also enables more efficient data transfers by increasing the parallelism of data transfers. NVMe is supported by most major SSD manufacturers, and is becoming the new standard for flash-based storage devices.
What are the challenges of NVMe adoption?
The challenges of NVMe adoption are mainly due to the fact that it is a new technology. The main challenge is compatibility since NVMe is not compatible with all systems. Additionally, NVMe drives are more expensive than SATA drives. Lastly, there is a lack of trained personnel to support NVMe.
How can I use NVMe add-in cards in my business?
NVMe is a new standard for flash storage that offers several advantages over the older SATA standard. SATA has a bottleneck that limits the speed of data transfer, while NVMe uses a much faster interface that eliminates this bottleneck. This means that NVMe can provide much higher performance, making it ideal for businesses that need to move large amounts of data quickly.
NVMe add-in cards can be used in a number of different ways to improve the performance of your business. For example, if you have a large database that needs to be accessed quickly, an NVMe card can help to speed up the process. Alternatively, if you need to transfer large files quickly, an NVMe card can again help to improve the speed of the process.
Overall, NVMe add-in cards can be a great way to improve the performance of your business. If you need to move large amounts of data quickly, an NVMe card can be the perfect solution.
What are the Benefits of Using NVMe Add-in Cards
Must Read
1. NVMe add-in cards offer a significant performance boost over traditional SATA-based storage devices.
2. NVMe add-in cards are ideal for use in high-performance computing applications where data throughput and low latency are critical.
3. NVMe add-in cards offer enhanced reliability and durability compared to SATA-based storage devices, making them ideal for mission-critical applications.
4. NVMe add-in cards are backward compatible with SATA-based systems, making them easy to upgrade to.
5. NVMe add-in cards are available in a variety of form factors to fit a wide range of system configurations.
Conclusion
Thanks for reading! We hope this article helped you learn more about the benefits of using NVMe add-in cards.
If you're looking for faster data storage speeds, lower latency, and improved scalability, then an NVMe add-in card might be the right solution for you. With NVMe add-in cards, you can enjoy these benefits and more. So, if you're in the market for a new data storage solution, be sure to consider an NVMe add-in card.
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numeric-preludeAn experimental alternative hierarchy of numeric type classes
Safe HaskellSafe-Infered
data T a Source
Here we try to provide implementations for zero and one by making the modulus optional. We have to provide non-modulus operations for the cases where both operands have Nothing modulus. This is problematic since operations like '(/)' depend essentially on the modulus.
A working version with disabled zero and one can be found ResidueClass.
modulus ::!(Maybe a)
the modulus can be Nothing to denote a generic constant like zero and one which could not be bound to a specific modulus so far
representative ::!a
(Eq a, C a, C a) => Eq (T a)
Read a => Read (T a)
Show a => Show (T a)
(Eq a, C a) => C (T a)
(/:) :: C a => a -> a -> T aSource
r /: m is the residue class containing r with respect to the modulus m
isCompatible :: Eq a => T a -> T a -> BoolSource
Check if two residue classes share the same modulus
lift2 :: Eq a => (a -> a -> a -> a) -> (a -> a -> a) -> T a -> T a -> T aSource


text: (1)Cutting function of oscillation tool It can cut many different materials (such as corrugated paper, cardboard, offset paper, grey board, rubber,honeycomb board, PP,PE,PVC, gasket, leather,carpet and mat ) (2)Folding function: It can fold corrugated paper, card paper and offset board into perfect folding line. (3)Function of dotted line: It is used to fold them after half cutting corrugated paper and grey card paper, and to cut dotted line. (4)Location: Location with laser. (5)Drawing function It can draw various high precision drawing cutting materials: corrugated board, foam, PVC, styrene, Coroplast, Celtec, magnetic film, adhesive vinyl, leather, rubber, fabrics, high intensity reflective films, paper, cardboard, polystyrene, magnetic films, vinyl etc. (6)Punching function: It can punch hole on the material, such as leather,carton, pvc, carpet and mat,etc.


The Return of the Dishwasher
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The Return of the Dishwasher
The Return of the Dishwasher
In the Dungeon of Doom, you find a sink. Because it seems like a good idea at the time, you kick it.
A voice booms out "The dishwasher has returned..." and a very ampersandy [Succubus|Incubus] walks into the room.
"Hey there, [big boy|pretty lady]," [she|he] says... "Wanna help me work up some suds?"
Long story short, you have a magical evening. Short story long? Anything by Dickens.
You gain 21 Enchantedness.
Occurs at The Dungeons of Doom.
 - In the game NetHack, kicking sinks is a common activity because it's one of the few things one can do with a sink in the game, one of the others being drinking from it. Any of a wide variety of outcomes can result from kicking a sink, such as finding a magic ring, hurting your foot, summoning a black pudding, or summoning a succubus for male characters or an incubus for female characters. The message that this action produces is "The dishwasher returns!"
 - The adjective "ampersandy" seems to be a neologistic adaption of the noun "ampersand": the & symbol. In NetHack, the & symbol is used to represent daemons, such as a Succubus or an Incubus. One strategy is to "dance" with them, which involves having level-gaining sex as many times as possible.
 - The octothorpe (hash mark / US pound sign) # symbol is used to illustrate the adventure because it denotes a sink in NetHack. (That, and it's easier to draw than an ampersand.)
 - In Victorian literature, large volumes sold for more money, so writers like Charles Dickens had to bulk up their short stories to 600-page novel length. Dickens also published his stories first as serials in the newspaper, and there was paid by the word.


OpenOffice Base: Converting data and files from Access
Consider switching to OpenOffice's Base, an open source alternative to proprietary Microsoft Access. In this tip, an expert tells how to convert Access files to Base and discusses some helpful hints for working with Base.
OpenOffice's Base tool provides an open source alternative to proprietary Microsoft Access. But if you need to use both, it's nice to be able to move data back and forth between applications.
In this tip, OpenOffice expert and instructor Solveig Haugland explains how to convert Access files to OpenOffice. She also describes a workaround for changing field orders and discusses how to group items in OpenOffice.
How can you convert Microsoft Access files to OpenOffice Base?
Haugland: You can connect to an Access file in Choose File > New > Database, choose to connect to an existing database, choose Access as the format, and click Next.
Alternately, if you want the data in Access to be in a true Base database, then follow the instructions in this article.
How can users group items in OpenOffice's Base the way they did in Microsoft Access?
Haugland: reports don't offer a lot of control. You can group, but forcing page breaks must be done in the resulting document. You can do it manually with Insert > Break. You can modify the style applied to the subgroup so that it always starts on a new page, or you can modify the table properties (reports are generated in tables).
If you do this using styles, you can save time with each additional report. Create a template with the styles and then import those styles into each generated report. In the generated report, choose Format > Styles and Formatting, click and hold down on the far right icon and choose Load Styles. In the window that appears, select all the checkboxes, then click From File and select the document containing the styles.
How can users change the field order after a database has been created in Base?
Haugland: I haven't found a way to do this well. If you haven't put the data in yet, then you can just right-click on the table name and choose Edit and retype the names and data types in design view. However, if you do this once data has been entered, everything is undone once you save and the table goes back to the way it was.
You might consider making a view or query of the table with the fields in the order you want. Or export the table to a spreadsheet, rearrange the data in the spreadsheet, then bring the spreadsheet back into the database as a new table and delete the old one.
How do you create electronic signatures in OpenOffice?
Solveig Haugland: If you want to create a signature that you can just insert into any OpenOffice document, you should use AutoText.
Write the signature as you want it, with or without a graphic. Select it all, and choose Edit > AutoText. Select a category, name the signature and give it a shortcut. Then, click and hold down on the Autotext button and choose New.
To insert the signature, type the shortcut followed by F3.
If you choose File > Send > Document as Email or the other email options under File > Send, then your email options will take over and whatever signature you use for email will be included.
This was first published in December 2006
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text:
More Riverside County residents – adults and young people – smoke than in previous years, and residents eat fast food more often than the rest of California.
Those factors might help explain why Riverside County ranks near the bottom in overall health among California counties and why more than 60 percent of early deaths here are caused by heart disease, cancer, lung disease and stroke.
These nuggets and more detailed information can be found in the 2013 Community Health Profile, an 83-page snapshot of the health of county residents.
The report, released by the County of Riverside Department of Public Health, describes the health issues facing Riverside County residents. It illustrates the scope of the chronic disease problem, the behaviors that lead to disease, and suggests opportunities to change behaviors to improve health.
Recent studies ranked Riverside County 32nd among California's 58 counties in overall health.
"We're using data to tell a story; create a roadmap," said Wendy Hetherington, chief epidemiologist for the county. "The report will help guide our public health programs and policies."
The report is also the foundation for the Healthy Riverside County Initiative, an effort being launched in conjunction with the release of the health profile.
Using the findings of the report the initiative has four priority areas: Improving eating habits, increase daily physical activity, reduce tobacco rates and building healthier environments that support walking, biking and exercise.
"It's a new era of community involvement and population health improvement. The profile serves as starting point for community driven change. By making better food and drink choices, building exercise into our day and not smoking, we can make a difference not only for ourselves but for our friends and family," said Dr. Cameron Kaiser, Riverside County interim health officer.
The report, which includes data collected from local, state and federal sources, provides a resource for educational institutions, cities and other municipalities looking for ways to improve the health of their employees and residents.
The 2013 Community Health Profile is available for download at: _URL_


text:
The 3D axis shows the direction of the Cartesian coordinates in the 3D window. It consists of 3 legs, a tip at the end of each leg, and a label specifying X, Y, or Z beyond the tip. The axis can be drawn using lines, as shown below, or as a solid model using cylinders and cones. The labels are drawn with lines in both cases. The 3D Axis property page controls the appearance of the axis, including its size, line thicknesses, size of the solid elements, size of the labels, tip details, colors, and whether or not the tips and/or labels are shown.
The axis size is specified as a percentage of the average extent of the 3D scale box. In addition to entering the percentage on the 3D Axis property page, several mouse and key actions change the size. Moving the mouse with the right button and the a key held down scales the axis. When the a key is held, the zoom toolbar buttons and the numeric keypad + and - affect the axis size (instead of the overall image size). When both the Ctrl and a keys are held down, the numeric keypad + and - keys scale the axis in larger increments than without the ctrl key.
The axis center (where the 3 legs come together) can be specified either in absolute coordinates or relative to the center of the 3D scale box. The coordinates and interpretation choice are made on the 3D Axis property page. The axis can be moved interactively along each of the 3 principal directions by holding down the x, y, or z key and moving the mouse with the right button held down or pressing the arrow keys. When using the arrow keys, holding down the Shift key (along with x, y, or z) moves the axis in larger increments.
The Axis tab of the information window shows the position of the axis center. The absolute position is reported, even when the center is relative to the 3D scale box. When the tab is active, the axis can be used as 3D marker to query the coordinates of objects in the 3D display.
The property page contains an item to reset the center position to (0, 0, 0) following the import of a model by reading a MCNP or Sabrina input file. The position is not reset upon reading a checkpoint file (that presumably contains the position). The Axis submenu of the 3D context menu contains items to toggle the axis visibility, move the center position to the middle of the 3D scale box, to (0, 0, 0) or to the intersection of the 2D plot planes, and to show the property page.
White Rock Science
_PHONE_


there is an ideal swimming pace that preserves just enough energy to perform optimally in the bike and run portions of the race. Similar arguments can be made about the effect of the bicycling pace on the run performance.
So there is still a trade-off among the three objectives, but not enough to warrant treating the three objectives separately, as in a Pareto optimization. When the ultimate objective is pretty clear and the trade-offs are due more to interactions than competition, a summed objective approach is usually recommended.
Interactions also play a role in how we define the scope of our optimization problem. Due to lack of time or interest, many triathletes focus their training on just one or two of the triathlon events, paying only minimal attention to the other one(s). This short-sighted approach usually leads to poor overall performance in the race. As already noted, improving performance in one or two events does not guarantee any improvement at all in the overall race time.
To find a truly optimal strategy, you must optimize the interactions among the components. Any improvement to the parts must be considered in light of its contribution to the whole.
The same is true for optimization problems within engineering, science and business. We often focus our attention on improving a part within a system, perhaps the part that is failing or is most expensive. In doing so, we ignore the interactions among the various parts in the system, and we severely limit the scope and the potential benefits of the optimization search process.
Consider the common goals of reducing mass or cost. It may be that by adding mass or cost to a given component (blasphemy!), we can then reduce the mass or cost in other components to achieve an overall system level improvement. Isn't this the ultimate goal, after all? But when we focus on individual parts and ignore their interactions, these opportunities remain hidden.
So yes, I do plan to swim slowly during my triathlon race in order to improve my overall time. That's my story, and I'm sticking to it.


text:
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a sweet, affectionate dog breed, and people love these dogs for their friendliness. These dogs are excellent pets because they are intelligent and get along well with humans and children. However, as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels have long fur, many people are afraid to get this breed due to the potential shedding issues.
So, do Cavalier King Charles Spaniels shed a lot?
It's true that these dogs shed, although the shedding is typically moderate and not that alarming. There are other breeds that shed much more, so this shouldn't be a dealbreaker when considering this breed for a pet. If you'd like to know more about Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, their shedding, and how to manage it, keep reading the rest of our article.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel – More About the Breed
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are a toy spaniel breed with a medium-length coat. These canines are active, yet they love to relax and spend time with people. They make excellent companions, which is why many people choose them for their pets.
If you're considering getting a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, it's a good idea to know a bit more about them.
These puppies are typically healthy, although they are prone to certain health problems¹, including:
However, as long as you take your Cavalier to regular vet checks, it will live a long and happy life.
Cavaliers have medium-long, silky coats that typically require a lot of attention to keep their coats in good condition. You should brush your Cavalier daily, as brushing reduces potential shedding and keeps its coat smooth and tangle-free. It's a good idea to dedicate a specific time every day that you'll brush your Cavalier, as it can be an excellent bonding experience for the two of you.
It's also advisable to wash your Cavalier once every 2 weeks and trim its nails once a month to keep them in shape.
Training and Exercise 🎾
Although Cavaliers were first bred as companion dogs, they are very active and love sporty canine activities. These puppies will gladly exercise, while they can also spend the whole day just lying around.
As this breed is quite intelligent, you shouldn't have any issues teaching your Cavalier new tricks, and it's best to begin from an early age to help your Cavalier develop proper manners.
Cavaliers don't require special nutrition, but you should give them age-appropriate food. However, it's important to mention that these dogs can develop obesity problems. Also, a poor diet could lead to increased shedding.
Because of that, it's crucial to watch your Cavalier's calorie consumption, provide high-quality foods and promote exercise whenever possible. When giving treats to this breed, try to do it in moderation because of the obesity problems these canines can have.
Does This Breed Shed a Lot?
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels shed, but their shedding is typically moderate. Most categorize their shedding as average compared to dogs of similar breeds and coats. They shed evenly throughout the year, but their shedding is less noticeable during autumn and spring.
Their coats are medium length; the hair on their faces is shorter, whereas it's longer around their ears. Cavaliers have a topcoat that makes it easy to maintain their hair, as long as you brush it regularly. If you don't brush their coats frequently, they can easily get tangled, causing more problems down the way.
What Can Cause Excessive Shedding in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels?
While these dogs shed moderately, there are several different things that can lead to excessive shedding in this breed. Cavaliers shed more during their puppy years because their adult coat is still developing. It's nothing abnormal, and the shedding will reduce once your Cavalier reaches adulthood.
Another thing that can affect the amount of shedding in your Cavalier is the time of the year. These canines shed more during spring and fall. It's also common for females to shed more during pregnancy, after they have a litter, and during heat cycles.
The food you give your Cavalier will also have an impact on shedding. Cavaliers with a poor diet are likely to shed more than Cavaliers that consume high-quality foods. Try to avoid any foods with cheap fillers, including:
You could even notice excessive shedding if your Cavalier has fleas or ticks. If you notice scratching in your Cavalier, take it to the vet to get appropriate treatment, resolve the problem and reduce shedding.
Another health issue that could lead to your Cavalier King Charles Spaniel shedding a lot is Cushing's disease¹. It's a severe genetic disorder that leads to an array of issues, from abnormal shedding to increased appetite and lethargy. In case you notice these symptoms, it's crucial to take your dog to the vet, as the outcome could otherwise be lethal.
Is This Breed Suitable for People with Allergies?
Cavaliers are not hypoallergenic, so their coats can cause allergies. Also, purebred dogs of this breed can cause a lot of harm to your sinuses. Because of that, people with allergies should avoid this breed, and look for other suitable breed options instead.
There are a couple of Cavalier mixed breeds, like the Cavapoo and Bichon Frises that shed less and are more hypoallergenic so they might be a better choice. If you have allergies, but still insist on getting a Cavalier, you can follow these tips to reduce your allergy reactions:
Overall, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels shed moderately, and it's nothing you should be particularly worried about. However, it's important to keep your Cavalier's coat in good shape, offer healthy meals, and watch out for possible health conditions because that will help reduce shedding.
Featured Image Credit: Alexa, Pixabay


text:
Get + Adj
Get ( object ) + Adj
Get + noun / pronoun
Receive/ fetch / obtain / catch
As the world becomes additional world and integrated community, English language plays a vital role in connecting people and their ideas to at least one another. _URL_ is created by Maung Maung One. My goal is, the people of Myanmar need to develop English Language must be supported as much as I can. Its purpose was to help expand learner access to the Basic English. I would like to give our special thanks to BBC, VOA for graciously allowing us to use their news stories as a basis of our learning activities. Their stories, photos and videos have made learning interesting and appropriate for adults.