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For example how come $\zeta(2)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}n^{-2}=\frac{\pi^2}{6}$. It seems counter intuitive that you can add numbers in $\mathbb{Q}$ and get an irrational number.
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Every real number is the sum of countably many rational numbers. – Did Mar 4 '12 at 9:47
Properties that are preserved under a finite number of operations are not necessarily preserved under an infinite number of them. – Rahul Mar 4 '12 at 9:57
Real numbers have the property that the bounded infinite sum of positive real numbers is a real number because of completeness. This is not a property of rational numbers, so I would intuitively expect some bounded infinite sums of positive rational numbers not to be a rational number. – Henry Mar 4 '12 at 10:15
because real number are closure of rational numbers. – quartz Mar 4 '12 at 12:12
Another example to illustrate Rahul's point: the product of infinite positive reals can yield zero: $\prod_{n=1}^\infty 1/n = 0$ or more simply $\prod_{n=1}^\infty 0.5 = 0$ – leonbloy Apr 30 '12 at 18:36
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But for example $$\pi=3+0.1+0.04+0.001+0.0005+0.00009+0.000002+\cdots$$ and that surely does not seem strange to you...
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+1 - This is lovely. – boehj Mar 4 '12 at 11:57
Interesting... as a side note, you can determine the size of an infinite set by seeing if it can fit inside another infinite set. This isn't directly relevant here, but still is something important to understand. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleph_number – JSWork Mar 5 '12 at 15:06
_USER_, not only would I say that that isn't directly relevant here: it is quite irrelevant, in fact! :D – Mariano Suárez-Alvarez Mar 7 '12 at 4:11
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This has to see with the rate at which the sum/series converges to its limit and the Roth-Thue-Siegel theorem which allows you to use the rate of convergence to decide if the limit is rational or not.
Maybe Emile (the OP) meant to ask something of this sort (please let me know, Emile): why do some (convergent, of course) infinite sums of rationals are rational and others are irrational?
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this is a different question.. – AIB Mar 6 '12 at 9:41
How so? The conditions/rate of convergence affect whether the limit is rational or not. Don't they? – AQP Mar 6 '12 at 16:54
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You can't add an infinite number of rational numbers. What you can do, though, is find a limit of a sequence of partial sums. So, $\pi^2/6$ is the limit to infinity of the sequence $1, 1 + 1/4, 1 + 1/4 + 1/9, 1 + 1/4 + 1/9 + 1/16, \ldots $. Writing it so that it looks like a sum is really just a shorthand.
In other words, $\sum^\infty_{i=1} \cdots$ is actually kind of an abbreviation for $\lim_{n\to\infty} \sum^n_{i=1} \cdots$.
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Good point to observe! – user21436 Mar 4 '12 at 10:25
_USER_, nop, you really cannot. What you can do is to take the limit of sequences of partial sums: there is a difference between that and «summing an infinite sequence of numbers». In particular, the latter simply does not make sense. – Mariano Suárez-Alvarez Mar 5 '12 at 2:06
_USER_, Dear TonyK: if you read Rudin with care you will see that it nowhere does that. – Mariano Suárez-Alvarez Mar 5 '12 at 20:05
Oh well. ${}{}$ – Mariano Suárez-Alvarez Mar 5 '12 at 22:07
_USER_ Quoting from Rudin: "The number $s$ is called the sum of the series, but it should be clearly understood that $s$ is the limit of a sequence of sums and is not obtained simply by addition." – Pedro Tamaroff Apr 15 '13 at 19:31
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It is counter-intuitive only if you are adding a "finite" number of rational numbers. Otherwise, as _USER_ implied, any irrational number consists of an infinite number of digits, and thus can be represented as a sum of rational numbers.
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This is my point. There is nothing magic with irrational numbers and they just use the same digits that rational numbers, so there is no surprise or counter-intuition in having irrational numbers representable as an infinite sum of rational numbers. – Rafid Mar 4 '12 at 10:41
_USER_: In the decimal expressions of rational numbers, there is always either a terminating or an infinitely repeating string of digits. Irrational numbers have neither of these properties, but can still be expressed as an infinitely long non-repeating sequence digits. Though there may not be an explicit formula for this sequence, it can still be thought of as an infinite sum of rational numbers, as Rafid indicated. – Paul Mar 4 '12 at 15:00
_USER_, I was making a joke on the phrase "must have digits from 0 to 9" that appeared in the original version of the answer. – Rahul Mar 4 '12 at 22:31
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Besides that. Given a sequence of positive rational numbers such that their sum converges and such that $a_n > \sum_{k = n + 1}^\infty a_k$. Then choosing a $\pm$ sign for each term of the sequence gives a new convergent series, each to a different number. By a countable-uncountable argument you get nonnumerable examples of that kind of series :).
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Others have demonstrated some examples that make clear why this can happen, but I wanted to point out the key mathematical concept here is "Completeness" of the metric space. A metric space is any set with "distance" defined between any two elements (in the case of $\mathbb{Q}$, we would say $d(x,y) = |x-y|$). A sequence $x_i$ is "Cauchy" if late elements stop moving around very much, a necessary condition for a sequence to have a finite limit. To put it formally, ${x_i}$ is cauchy for $\epsilon>0$, there is a sufficiently large $N$ so that for every $m,n>N$ we have $d(x_n,x_m)<\epsilon$. A metric space is complete if all Cauchy sequences have a limit in the space. The canonical complete metric space is $\mathbb R$, which is in fact the completion of $\mathbb{Q}$, or the smallest complete set containing $\mathbb Q$.
We think of an infinite sum as the limit of a sequence of partial sums: $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty x_n = \lim_{N\to\infty}\left( \sum_{i=1}^Nx_n \right)$$ As others have pointed out with a number of good counter-examples (my favorite of which is the decimal representation of an irrational number), $\mathbb{Q}$ is not complete, therefore an infinite sum of elements of $\mathbb Q$, for which partial sums are necessarily elements of $\mathbb Q$, can converge to a value not in $\mathbb Q$.
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Question: Can A Person Have 2 Middle Names?
What happens if you have two middle names?
Having two middle names means you can give the child the name you agreed on but still have a piece of both families in there as well..
How do you monogram with two middle names?
If you have two middle names or if you're giving to someone with two middle names, it's typical to just use one middle name for the monogram. Four letters is often too large, and it's really awkward if you want to put your last name in the middle.
How do I fill out a form with two middle names?
When filling out paper work the two middle names go where you put the middle name. If just a middle initial is asked for, you put the first middle name's initial.
Can you have 4 names?
Yes, of course you can. You can have as many names as your parents choose. … If the two grandmother's names had not worked as a compound name, my daughter would have had four names.
How long can a name legally be?
Names with accents and/or non-English letters The Office of Vital Records in California requires that names contain only the 26 alphabetical characters of the English language, plus hyphens and apostrophes.
How do you write an initial with two middle names?
Multiple Middle Name Monogram If you have multiple middle names, start your monogram with your first name initial. Follow this with your middle name initials, and end with your last name initial. All of the initials should appear at the same size.
Can I use my maiden name as my middle name?
When you have your maiden name as a middle name, it's still easier than hyphenating your name. You won't struggle with an overly long name and you don't have to use your middle name on a regular basis—but you won't get penalized if you don't. … Plus, it means your last name won't be such a mouthful.
Is two middle names too much?
Two middle names is fine. But don't just use every name you love, or you'll be stuck if you ever have another girl. Both our dc have 2 middle names (2nd for each is my maiden name). Our surname is only one syllable but we'd have done the same had it been longer.
How many middle names is too many?
More than two middle names is too many middle names unless you are royalty. I think First Name Middle Name Middle Name Last Name is fine. I do think flow is overrated, but if it's important to you, then add another name. It's not too much.
How many middle name can you have?
There is no limit to how many names you have or the length of them. When it comes to legal documents other than your Birth Certificate or SS Card, ppl tend to only put one middle name, and initials for the rest.
Can you name your child curse words?
Why do royals have so many middle names?
Since the royals embrace the tradition, their multiple names not only honor other family members, but they also denote their upper class standing. As previously stated, the royal baby's name was revealed on April 27 after much speculation.
According to 6 CFR 37.3 (Title 6 – Homeland Security; Chapter I – Department Of Homeland Security, Office Of The Secretary; Part 37 -Real Id Driver's Licenses And Identification Cards; Subpart A – General), Full legal name means "an individual's first name, middle name(s), and last name or surname, without use of …
How hard is it to change your middle name?


text:
February 17, 2012
Dinosaurs once roamed in the vicinity of Washington D.C. They did not leave very much behind. No one has found a beautifully articulated skeleton under the city streets—the city's most famous dinosaur, "Capitalsaurus," is known from only fragments—but paleontologists can use isolated teeth to take a census of which kinds of dinosaurs were present in the area. In the video posted above, the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History's dinosaur curator Matthew Carrano explains how paleontologists identify dinosaurs on the basis of teeth alone.
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Question: What Foods Increase Blood Volume?
What is normal blood volume?
Adults: The average adult weighing 150 to 180 pounds should have about 1.2 to 1.5 gallons of blood in their body.
This is about 4,500 to 5,700 mL.
Pregnant women: To support their growing babies, pregnant women usually have anywhere from 30 to 50 percent more blood volume than women who are not pregnant..
Does salt increase blood volume?
When sodium is retained, less urine is produced, eventually causing blood volume to increase.
What should you eat after losing blood?
What juices are high in iron?
Iron Rich Indina Juices using VeggiesCarrot Spinach and Parsley Juice.Amla Ginger Juice.Palak, Kale and Apple Juice.Pineapple and Coriander Juice.Pineapple Sweet Lime Drink.Watermelon and Guava Juice.Pineapple, Apple and Cucumber Juice.Pineapple, Apple and Cucumber Juice.
Does losing blood make you tired?
How can I restore my blood?
Which juice is good for blood?
Beetroot Juice Beetroot is rich in nitrates. Nitrates help relax blood vessels and improve blood flow. Beetroot juice is believed to lower systolic blood pressure in just a matter of few hours.
Are Bananas high in iron?
Does Honey increase platelets?
Honey samples showed moderate inhibition of platelet aggregation with IC(50) 5-7.5%. The coagulation assays showed that at higher concentrations (>15%) honey samples increased whole blood clotting time.
How do you increase blood volume?
What can I drink for blood loss?
Does garlic lower platelet count?
Conclusions: Platelet function is not impaired by single and repeated oral consumption of a dietary dose of garlic in healthy volunteers. Dishes containing socially acceptable doses of raw garlic are unlikely to increase the risk of perioperative bleeding.
What foods increase blood plasma?
1. Food Rich in FolateDark and leafy vegetables like spinach and Brussels sprouts.Beef liver.Black-eyed peas.Fortified cereals and alternatives.Rice.Yeast.Kidney beans.Orange and orange juice.
Does drinking more water increase blood volume?
Is blood a volume?
A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females and males having approximately the same blood volume. Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys. Blood volume measurement may be used in people with congestive heart failure, chronic hypertension, kidney failure and critical care.
Is plasma found in food?
Blood plasma is a versatile product, which is used in food industry as a binder in meat products, egg replacer in bakery, in protein-enriched pasta, fat replacers, or even polyphosphate or caseinates substitute (Ofori and Hsieh, 2012; Hurtado et al., 2011, 2012).
Which fruit is good for blood increase?
What causes blood volume to increase?
Hypervolemia occurs when blood volume is increased and can occur through renal failure, congestive heart failure, liver failure, excessive sodium intake, or any other dysfunction of sodium regulation. [8] Furthermore, prolonged hypertension may result in renal damage eventually culminating in fluid imbalance.


Skillshare Audio: How to Maintain Work-Life Balance While Working Remote | Emma Gannon | Skillshare
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5 Lessons (18m)
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About This Class
What happens when home becomes your workplace? Join author and broadcaster Emma Gannon for actionable advice on how to create a work-life balance that works for you, no matter where you are.
Many of us enjoy the advantages of working from home, but it's easy to let go of work-life boundaries and find ourselves blending our work life and personal life more than we'd like. In this audio class, Emma tackles the challenges that can come along with working remotely, providing tips, tricks, and clear frameworks for optimizing your work environment and setting yourself up for long-term success.
Together with Emma, you will learn how to:
 - Understand the signs of burnout so you can tackle it before it appears
 - Create psychological boundaries around your mental wellbeing and space
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From creating a "fake" commute to checking in with yourself throughout the day, after taking this class you'll have the tools to bring your best self to work every day, no matter where you are.
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Emma Gannon
Author, Broadcaster, Podcast Host
Emma Gannon is a Sunday Times bestselling author, speaker, novelist, and host of the no. 1 creative careers podcast in the UK, Ctrl Alt Delete.
Emma started her career in digital marketing and social media editor roles at The Debrief magazine and Condé Nast. She has been a columnist for The Sunday Times, The Telegraph and Courier magazine on the topics of work, wellbeing, creativity and choosing your own path.
In 2017, she was selected by Microsoft to appear in their TV campaign showcasing her multi-hyphenate life. In 2018, she was selected in the 2018 Forbes 30 under 30 list in media. She is a popular teacher on the online learning platform Skillshare, and proud to be an ambassador for The Princes Trust and World Literacy Foundation.
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1. Introduction: I'm Emma Gannon, an author and broadcaster. Today's class is all about how to keep your mental well-being in check while working remote. My podcast, Ctrl Alt Delete, is all about creative careers and unconventional career paths, and the topic of mental health and burnout comes up a lot in those conversations about modern work. In this class, I'll be talking about tackling burnout, creating psychological boundaries, and remote work etiquette. This class is for anyone who's currently working from home or working remotely and is also struggling with how to maintain their well-being while working and living and doing everything else in the same space. Before, we would leave our front door and go to work. We would have a physical boundary automatically there. Now that we don't have that, this is how to create boundaries in our minds, how to really distinguish between our home self and our work self and how to take care of ourselves better. But it's safe to say that when we look after ourselves and we look after our well-being and really focus on it and take it seriously and take more breaks throughout the day, we're fundamentally happier and we feel like we can take on more, which actually results in more productivity. Working constantly and then burning out is one of the most unproductive ways of working, because ultimately, what burnout means is sometimes in the most extreme cases, being signed off from work for months at a time. That's extremely unproductive for our work, life, and overall well-being. We should take the daily steps to check in with ourselves and really make sure we're doing okay. The one major takeaway I would love students to take note of in this class is how to really look after yourself during the working day and making just tiny steps, tiny bits of more time for yourself to really make sure that you're checking in with how you genuinely feel and not just distracting yourself by constantly working. This class is all about not ignoring any warning signs that you need to change things up. I'm really excited about bringing you this class. It's a really important topic. It's very close to my heart because I've had to learn to adjust how I worked during this time and make peace with maybe doing less, and I think it's relevant for pretty much all of us, whatever we're dealing with at the moment. We would love to hear from you so please do share your experiences in the Project Gallery and ask us any questions in the Discussion section below. 2. Tackling Burnout : In this lesson, I'm going to be talking about tackling burnout. What it is and why it's happening more often when we're working from home and when it tends to feel like and how we can spot some of our own warning signs. Let's discuss how to tackle burnout. In an office, we might be more aware of ourselves and our surroundings and even the time of the day, but when we're working from home, we can have a tendency to overwork and be lost our own heads, and not look up for hours. Because most of the time it's just us working remotely, away from our colleagues and away from the outside world, away from our office and we're not having that interaction that we're used to. People say the open-plan working is quite distracting and there's definitely some truth in that. But at least then we had something to break up our day even for me going to a cafe and then coming home. It means you're getting up and maybe having a chat with someone or making a cup of tea. When we're working in an office or somewhere away from home, we're more likely to take in our surroundings, have more variety to the day, see different things, walk different places, have a commute, or just look around more often and take in a bit more of the world. It's important to be aware of how we're spending our days at home and how we can be productive while also nourishing our minds and our bodies too. As a writer who sits and works from the same desk every day, I'm definitely tempted to ignore the signals and just push through without taking stoke. When we're working from home, sometimes we're just going from our bedroom to the kitchen or to the desk and it can be quite samey every day. Sometimes we jump straight into work, whether that's on our beds, just opening our laptop, or being on our phone that's constantly buzzing, and we're suddenly at work when we haven't really guyed ourselves up for work, who got ourselves in that frame of mind. It's really important for us to have these boundaries around working from home and I'm going to talk more about that in this next section about creating these boundaries. It's really important to notice our moods and our patterns, to notice our surroundings, to go outside, to look out of the window, and factoring time for ourselves and make sure that we're not just constantly working. It's also a great idea to make your mornings count and start the day off well, even if you could just spare 15 minutes in the morning to listen to your favorite song, or lie down on a yoga mat, or make yourself a coffee and sit with it before jumping straight into work. One read good tactic that I love is from Julia Cameron, which is asking yourself, HALT, H-A-L-T. Am I hungry? Am I angry? Am I lonely? Or am I thirsty? If you have one of these that you can take off, then make sure you rectify it. If you're lonely, give someone a call, if you're hungry, go and make yourself some proper nourishing food. It's really important to hone these things, these smaller bumps in the road as you go along. Just feeling a little bit tired or a little bit hungry can actually lead to feeling more overwhelmed, more tired, and not able to do your work properly, and these smaller things can ladder up. Just noticing that you need a glass of water or noticing that you need to go and have a little stretch or even a lie-down, because if we don't spot these early signs, they can lead to burnout. Burnout is what happens when we're not listening to ourselves and that


text:
Put into a sepulcher
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text:
Plastic Flow Analysis and Die Design of Aluminum Extrusion for 3C Product Casings
Extruded products with precision shape have been used widely to 3C products, electronic equipment, communicatory installation, precision instrument, automobile industry. The tolerance for this kind of asymmetric products with small size is strictly required. During extrusion, the plastic flow of the billet inside the die cavity is complicated. The temperature distribution of the billet, the elastic deformation of the die, and the design of the flow guide affect the final dimension of the product. This paper uses the finite element code ¡§DEFORM 3D¡¨ to simulate the plastic flow of the billet inside the die cavity and the stress, strain, temperature distributions of the die during extrusion of a 3C product, Clip and Housing. From the simulation results, a die design guideline is proposed and the temperature, stress, strain distributions are discussed systematically. Furthermore, extrusion experiments are conducted. From the comparisons of the temperature at the die exit, the product sizes and the extrusion force, the validity of the die design rule is verified.
Advisor:CHEN FUH-KUO; HSU RAY-QUEN; HSIANG SU-HAI; HWANG YEONG-MAW; LEE WOEI SHYAN
School:National Sun Yat-Sen University
School Location:China - Taiwan
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:finite element analysis extrusion process asymmetric 3c products
Date of Publication:09/03/2008


text:
Influence of air pressure, temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration on optical phase changes in thin films
- Kim Moon-Hwan, Tachikawa Yoshihiko, Ogita Eiji, Ueda Toshitsugu
- 제어ㆍ로봇ㆍ시스템학회 in 1989
- Cited Count
A new method for measuring optical phase changes of reflection beam from optical mirror is proposed. The optical phase change is liable to change with varying atmosphere conditions. This optical phase changes are measured against air pressure, temperature, humidity and CO2/ concentration variations. It is clarified that the optical phase changes are most effected by humidity change.
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text:
Charles Lucas (1898 - 1980)
Biography & Family History Add details
Charles Lucas (1898 - 1980) was born on June 13, 1898. He was born into the Lucas family.
He died in October 1980 at 82 years of age.
Charles Lucas's last known residence is at Independence, Jackson County, Missouri.
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text: The research paper aims to determine the relationship between organizational justice and constructive deviant behavior. Analytical and descriptive design has been adopted to determine the relationship between organizational justice and the various dimensions of deviant behaviours. The sample of the study consisted of 109 employees from the manufacturing firms. The results indicate that the attributes of organizational justice, that is, procedural, informational, and distributive justice significantly differ from the challenging constructive deviant behavior. One of the dimensions of constructive deviant behavior and interpersonal and informational justice significantly differ from the dimension of innovative and interpersonal constructive deviant behavior. The study also reveals that the experience of the employees with respect to their age, number of dependents, marital status, and designation had significant differences with both organizational justice and constructive deviant behavior, and it was also revealed that gender had significant differences with constructive deviant behavior.


text:
The purpose of this category is to display the time evolution of a "wave-form", by which form, we mean a real (or complex) valued function u(x,T) of the "time" T, and a "space" variable x.
At any time T the wave has a given "shape" or "profile", namely the graph of the function x ---> u(x,T), and the program displays this graph with x as abscissa and u(x,T) as ordinate
[NOTE: The resolution of this graph is tResolution, and its domain runs from tMin to tMax. That is to say, the interval [tMin,tMax] is divided into tResolution points x_i, i = 1,..., tResolution with spacing xStep = (tMax - tMin) / (tResolution - 1) and the graph is plotted at the points (x_i,y_i) where x_i = tMin + (i-1) * xStep and y_i = u(x_i,T), and then these plot points are joined into a polygonal graph. Note that the t of tMax tMin and tResolution have nothing to do with the time T! Thus to make the graph smoother, you must increase tResolution in the Set Resolution & Scale... dialog, and to change the domain of the graph, you must change tMin and tMax in the Set t,u,v Ranges... dialog.]
The time evolution of the wave-form is shown by the standard animation technique; namely, the above graph is first plotted for T=InitialTime, then for T=InitialTime + StepSize, then T=InitialTime + 2*StepSize, etc., until the user clicks the mouse. The variables InitialTime and StepSize are set in the dialog brought up by choosing ODE Settings... from the Settings menu. To make the animation slower (but smoother) decrease StepSize, and conversely increasing StepSize will make the animation of the wave-form evolution proceed more rapidly (but less smoothly).
As usual, the formulas defining a wave form u(x,T) can depend on the parameters aa,bb,..., ii as well as on x and T, and for each of the canned wave-forms these formulas can be checked by choosing About This Object... from the Waves main menu.
In trying to understand various features of a wave-form, it helps to see not only the animated evolution as above, but also to display the graph of the function u(x,T) as a surface, over the (x,T)-plane or to show "time-slices" of this graph. Therefore the Waves menu has choices to permit the user to switch between these display methods. (These two alternate formats, being three dimensional objects, can be viewed in stereo.)
There is, of course, a User Wave Form... item in the Wave menu, which brings up a dialog permitting the user to enter a formula for u(x,t) as a function of x,t, aa,..., ii.
Interesting wave-forms generally arise as solutions of so-called "wave equations". These are partial differential equations of evolution type for a function u(x,t). That is, the function u(x,t) is determined as the solution of a PDE satisfying some initial conditions. Perhaps the simplest example is the so-called "linear advection equation" u_t + v*u_x = 0 (where v is some constant "velocity"). This has the general solution u(x,t) = f(x - v*t). But there are also many interesting non-linear wave equations, in particular the so-called soliton equations, including the Korteweg-DeVries (KDV), Sine-Gordon, and Cubic Schroedinger equations. Many of our examples are pure soliton solutions of these latter examples.


Phone directories
Here is a programming quetion i tried to post with my code but it bunched it up all together and was impossible to read, so here it the question if any one has any ideas....
Create and Maintain Telephone Directories
Write a Visual Basic program to create and maintain telephone directories. Each telephone directory should be contained in a separate text file. In addition, a file named Directories.txt should hold the names of the telephone directories. At any time, names of all the telephone directories should be displayed in a list box. After a telephone directory is selected, it becomes the current phone directory. The following buttons should be available.
1. Create a new telephone directory. (The filename should be provided by an input dialog box.) A new text file should be created for the directory, and the name of the new directory should be added to the Directories.txt file. The Phone Directories listbox should immediately be refreshed to reflect the new directory, and the new directory should be automatically selected from the listbox. Note that this selection should trigger the procedure that sets the current directory and updates the contents of the current directory textbox. Also note that the list of directories is displayed in ascending order in the listbox.
2. Add a listing (as given in textboxes) to the end of the current phone directory. This action should update the text file containing the listings of the current directory and refresh the grid to display the newly added listing.
3. Delete a name (as specified in the â€œNameâ€ text box) from the current phone directory. This action should update the text file containing the listings of the current directory. As is good software development practice, you should prompt the user with a messagebox that allows him to confirm the deletion before any permanent action is taken to delete the entry from the file. The grid should also refresh to show the removal of the listing.
4. Display the names and phone numbers in the current phone directory. (Note that the listings are displayed in ascending order in the table.)
Layout b/c a picture wont upload
There are four text files: friends.text, merchants.txt, Resturants.txt, and theaters.txt
4 buttons: create anew phone dir, add a listing to the current dir, remove a listing from current dir, and display the list in the current dir.
Three text box: Name, Phone number, and current phone dir.
A list box for the dir
a data grid view for phonelistings
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Fish Use Clever Mating Trick [LiveScience 2007-11-15]
Some fish are able to get sex by faking out the females. Now scientists have found a gene that helps them do so.
The fish, known as cichlids, are maternal mouthbrooders???the female scoops up eggs in her mouth after she lays them. While collecting her eggs, the female may mistake the yellow, oval-shaped markings on a male's fin as one of her own eggs and approaches the male. Once she gets close enough to his anal fin, he then squirts sperm into her egg-filled mouth.
This form of mating 'trickery' works so well that more than 80 percent of cichlid species evolved the fake egg markings.
Researchers at the University of Germany identified the gene associated with the egg-like markings by observing how the gene was expressed in distantly related species, where such spots developed on the pectoral fins rather than the anal fins.
The researchers published their findings in the online open access journal BMC Biology.
"The two kinds of independently evolved egg-dummies serve as a model system to test whether the same genetic pathways are involved in the morphogenesis of both types of dummies," the authors write.


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Creating simple entities
Simple entities include lines (both finite and infinite), circles, arcs, ellipses, elliptical arcs, points, and rays. In addition, progeCAD includes a freehand sketch tool. Entities drawn freehand are also considered to be simple entities.
This section explains several methods for creating simple entities, including how to:
When you use a tool or a drawing command, the program prompts you to enter coordinate points, such as endpoints or insertion points. You can enter the points or distances either using a mouse or by typing coordinate values in the command bar. As you draw, progeCAD also displays a context-sensitive prompt box with appropriate additional options for the type of entity you are drawing.
After you create entities, you can modify them using the entity modification tools.
Tell me about...
How do I...


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What is this project about?
Living Water wants to determine what contaminants are entering Lake Ruatuna, at what volumes, when they enter the lake and where they come from. Additionally Living Water wants to identify freshwater values in the catchment, design and implement catchment interventions to reduce contaminant loads and protect the identified existing values. Lastly, Living Water wants to demonstrate how to undertake catchment contaminant investigations and implement interventions.
How is the project being undertaken?
The project started in May 2019, when loggers were placed in the main waterways to help determine water flows and identify where most of the water entering the lake is coming from.
During rainfall events, flow gauging and water quality samples are being taken to determine contaminant loads. This load information will help determine the best course of action for the catchment, which may include establishing treatment riparian management zones or filtration wetlands for ephemeral watercourses. It will also help identify where interventions can achieve the biggest reductions in contaminants entering the lake.
Living Water is also undertaking mudfish surveying, and investigating existing sediment traps to determine whether re-designing the traps would improve the effectiveness.
What might the project achieve?
Living Water hopes the research project will inform site specific interventions to achieve an optimal reduction in contaminants and enhance freshwater values in Lake Ruatuna.


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SENFENG will participate in the following exhibitions in 2022 to promote communication and cooperation in the laser industry around the world.
Senfeng leiming after-sales engineer sorted out many fiber laser cutting common problems and solutions
Laser cladding is a surface modification technique. It uses high-energy laser as heat source and alloy powder as welding material.
As a new type of green remanufacturing surface modification technology, laser cladding technology is gradually replacing the traditional surface treatment process. What are the advantages of laser cladding compared with traditional surface treatment processes?


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Below is an extract from the Terms of Reference. The full Terms of Reference, including annexes, are available to download on the Ministry of Education website.
View full Terms of Reference.
Read the Cabinet paper seeking agreement to the Terms of Reference.
Outcome | Putanga
The review of Tomorrow's Schools will focus on the changes we need to make to governance, management and administration in education to ensure the fitness of the school system to meet the challenges we face, and to achieve equity and excellence.
The Taskforce is expected to provide its recommendations on the future arrangements for schooling in New Zealand to the Minister of Education by 9 November 2018.
Scope | Awhe
The review will cover the provision of compulsory schooling for children and young people aged 5-19 years (or 21 years for learners with high needs), with a focus on a system that promotes equity and excellence for all NZ children and young people.
The review is limited to the state and state-integrated schooling system and relevant education agencies, but may take into account how the governance, management and administration of the schooling system impacts on the opportunities for employer engagement, the secondary-tertiary interface, transition to tertiary study and work, and transition from early learning to schooling.
The review will be broad-based and not constrained in its thinking, but should explore the following key themes:
- The ability of governance, management and administration of the schooling system to respond to the education needs of the future;
- The ability of schools to respond flexibly to their local communities and the need to balance this with every child's right to a responsive education at their local school, regardless of where they live;
- The roles of governance, management and administration in schools, and how they could better support equity and inclusion in the educational progress and outcomes for all children throughout their schooling;
- Giving active expression to te Tiriti o Waitangi by exploring the impact of the governance, management and administrative system on the ability of schools to meet the needs of all Māori students and assessing its effectiveness for Māori medium students.
- The environment within which schools operate, including the roles of the Ministry, ERO, NZQA, Education Council and NZSTA in supporting schools (and the yet to be established Education Advisory Service and the Leadership Council).
Operation | Whakahaere
The Taskforce will lead the review by:
- Providing independent advice on the future arrangements for the governance, management and administration of schooling in New Zealand beyond 2020 to meet the needs of all New Zealanders;
- Consulting widely to gather a representative spectrum of stakeholder views, including children and young people,(especially those for whom the current system is not effective), the teaching profession, parents, whānau, iwi and Pasifika communities, leaders and employers, and capturing these views in the final report;
- Evaluating the environment within which schools operate, including the roles of the Ministry, ERO, NZQA, Education Council and NZSTA in supporting schools and whether these continue to be fit for purpose;
- Considering how schools interact with social and wider government services;
- Basing its advice on best practice, insight and sound evidence; and
- Evaluating the relative efficiencies and effectiveness of proposed changes and the potential impacts of change for children, schools and their communities.


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Local institutions: resilient in the face of change?
Two decades ago, legal provisions gave local institutions rights to manage natural resources in four dryland African countries: Mali, Niger, Sudan and Ethiopia. This briefing examines how resilient such decentralised institutions have been, under rapidly changing circumstances, and notes common lessons learned. Local management rights remain largely unsupported by government or legal implementation. The state has further complicated land management challenges by allocating large holdings to investors and by taking partisan roles in local politics. Changing politics, insecurity, demography and climate have exacerbated stresses, many of which have distant root causes. Neighbouring conflicts have driven influxes of people and animals. Increasing wealth inequalities and shifting livelihood strategies have eroded farming and herding communities' common interests.


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For a portion of my code, I need to either input a date from user or capture the system date. From there onwards I have to add 7 more days to the actual date and store it as the variable 'DueDate'. The format for the stored DueDate is DDMMYY. I am very confused as I am facing a lot of problems.
System time, seems very confusing and I cant get it to work, so I decided to stick to the traditional - "Let the user input the date" method.
Problems I need to tackle:
1. Output the DueDate in the correct format. Even if I meddle around with the input values as integers, I cant output in the correct format, for example - if the user enters "1" for month, I can not display it as "01" (and i need it to be 01 since that is the required format). How can i do that?
2. The logic I have applied for the date (like, incrementing month, if the due date exceeds number of days in month, or incrementing the year if month in duedate exceeds number of months in a year) is very troublesome.
I wouldn't mind altering my code to use system time if it is less troublesome. I prefer neat coding in my programs.
Problem with dates! Please help.
You might find it's easier to manipulate dates as strings. However you can display 1 as 01 by displaying leading zeroes, e.g.
You will also need functions to convert dates to and from integers. This is by far the easiest way of doing date arithmetic, and you will probably need these functions anyway. Decide on a zero date - many programs use 01-Jan-1970 as zero, then any date can be stored as an offset in days from that date, e.g. 03-Jan-1970 would be 2, and 01-Jan-1971 would be 365. Or maybe you're prefer to use 01-Jan-2000 as zero; it doesn't really matter as long as you're consistent. Then if you want to add 7 to 27-dec-1999 it's a simple case of converting that to an int, adding 7, then converting back, and you won't need to mess about with carrying the excess days into the month, then the month into the year, which will get horrendously complicated when you have to take leap years into account.
With conversion functions your DueDate calculation for the above example could be as simple as
shabbir like this


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Brown fat is a special kind of fat, with small vacuoles in the cells rather than a single large oil drop.
Brown fat is also rich in mitochondria.
Mitochondria are brown. Can you figure out why? Remember all the cytochromes which they contain. Then think of all these colored substances mixed together, like your tempra paints when you were in grammar school. They make brown.
The abundance of mitochondria accounts for the color of liver, kidney, myocardium (mixed with myoglobin for a red-brown), and brown fat.
This is brown fat. You'll have no trouble finding the capillaires; brown fat is generously supplied.
With your study partners, find:
Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences


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Wisconsin Fast Plants are a patented variety of rapid-cycling Brassica rapa developed by Dr. Paul Williams at the University of Wisconsin-Madison as a research model for studies in plant disease. Fast Plants live their whole lives in 35 to 45 days; perfect timing for science classes as well as plant geneticists. School children have used the little mustard relative for studies in biology for over 20 years.
Fast Plant seeds lie dormant until a combination of warmth, moisture and light activate hormones that trigger growth in the embryo. The growing plant, or cotyledon, breaks out of the moisture-weakened seed covering and sends a root growing down into the soil. Within one or two days, the Fast Plant cotyledon rises past the surface and opens into the first leaves of the plant which begin to photosynthesize light to produce food for the new plant.
Growth and Development
For the first 12 days of its life, the Fast Plant produces plant tissue; "true" leaves to gather the large amount of light that the adult plant needs, a stem up to 8 inches tall and branches. The plant's size, shape of its leaves, branching habits and other characteristics define the plant as a Brassica rapa.
At about two weeks of age, Fast Plants infloresce. They produce specialized leaves called sepals that provide shelters for flowers containing pistil and stamen--the sexual organs of an angiosperm. Fast Plants form flowers and bloom within only a few days. Fast Plants need temperatures below 80 degrees to produce viable flowers; hot temperatures produce sterile inflorescence.
Once the flowers are open, the pollen must be transported from the anthers on one plant to the stigma on another--Fast Plants do not self-pollinate. Most plants depend on insects, but Fast Plants have the added benefit of hand pollination by human students wielding "bee sticks." True to their fast life cycle, each Brassica rapa flower must be pollinated within a few days before it fades.
Fertilization and Seed Development
Stigma send pollen downward to the plants' ovary where, if it reaches and fertilizes the egg successfully, a zygote forms the beginning of a new plant embryo. Fertilization must take place within 24 hours of pollination and within five days, the flower's petals, designed to attract pollinators like bees, will fall away. The ovary forms a protective cover as a shell forms around each fertilized egg. Embryos are packed with food to carry them through their dormancy. The process, called embryogenesis takes approximately 20 days.
Seed Distribution and Death
Fast Plants are annuals, which means that the plant lives for one season and dies after it has set seed. As the plant dries, the plant ovary is pulled open by shrinking tissue, dropping ripe seeds on the ground and into the wind. Those that land where they have the right conditions will germinate and grow into new plants.


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Soybean producers need to recalibrate their drills and planters this year because soybean seed size is 10-20 % smaller than average, especially in northern Indiana.
Ellsworth Christmas, a Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service soybean specialist, says the reduced seed size is likely a result of late-season heat and moisture stresses in 2003.
"Soybean seed would normally run 3,200 to 3,400 seeds per pound," he says. "Many of those same varieties are running 3,800 to 4,000 seeds per pound this year."
Seed size will vary depending on location. Christmas says seed produced in southern Indiana may be near normal size, but seed from the northern part of the state will be small.
He said Group II beans, the group grown in the north, were in the middle of seed formation when moisture stress was most severe, causing the small seed size. Group III beans -- those grown in the southern part of the state -- were just beginning seed formation during the moisture stress, which resulted in seed abortion but less reduction in size.
The smaller size means farmers need to recalibrate their drills and planters. Failing to do so could lead to overseeding and plant stands that are too thick, Christmas says. Thick stands result in taller plants with small stems that are subject to lodging.
"If lodging occurs while the plants are green and growing, the leaf canopy is reduced and some plants will die, resulting in yield losses," Christmas says. "If lodging occurs after plants mature, losses will occur at harvest."
The smallness of the seed does not appear to have reduced germination and should have no negative effect on the seeds' vigor. Ultimately, the smaller seed may also be a way for farmers to save some money, Christmas says.
"The quality of soybean seed is very good this year," he says. "Producers need to get seed counts from their suppliers prior to finalizing the number of units needed. They may need to purchase 10-20% fewer units of seed in 2004 to plant the same acreage as last year."
Purdue experts recommend seeding rates of 200,000 seeds per acre for 7.5-inch rows, 165,000 for 15-inch rows and 130,000 for 30-inch rows. Christmas says this recommendation is for seed with at least a 90% germination rate.
"Always check the tag for germination rates and the number of seeds per pound before calibrating," Christmas says. "When you're calibrating drills, collect seed from all of the rows, since seeding rate varies widely from one row to another."


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[Seminar] "Quantum entanglement between bubble universes"
Quantum Gravity Unit (Neiman Unit) would like to invite you to a seminar by Prof. Sugumi Kanno from Osaka University
Title: "Quantum entanglement between bubble universes"
In de Sitter space where the universe expands exponentially, any two of mutually separated regions eventually become causally disconnected. This is most conveniently described by spanning open universe coordinates on two open charts in de Sitter space. Recently, Maldacena and Pimentel showed that the entanglement entropy of a free massive scalar field between two open charts is non-vanishing. This result shows that two causally disconnected regions in de Sitter space are entangled. I extend the calculation of Maldacena and Pimentel to the case where a bubble wall is present between the two open charts. This can be thought of as a model of pair creation of bubble universes in de Sitter space.
I will discuss the effect of the bubble wall on the entanglement entropy between the bubble universes.


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How Long Are Opioids in Your System?
The length of time opioids remain in someone's system depends on many different variables. How long an opioid can be detected through a drug screen also depends heavily on the test itself as well as the test subject's health and pattern of opioid use.1
This page will discuss:
- How drug screens test for opioids.
- How detectable certain opioids are.
- Give a general detectability window for opioids based on the types of drug screens.
- Explain the various factors that influence how long drugs remain in someone's system.
Will Opioids Show up on Drug Tests?
In general, a urine drug screen that tests for the presence of multiple drugs will only detect metabolites of natural opioids, that is, codeine and morphine. This includes the ability to detect certain semi-synthetic opioids, like heroin, because it metabolizes to morphine.2
There are, however, panels available that more specifically detect semi-synthetic (e.g., oxycodone) as well as synthetic opioids (e.g., methadone, fentanyl).2
How Long Will Opioids Show up on Drug Tests?
It's impossible to give an exact answer as to how long a drug will be detectable in an individual's system because there are many variables that effect detectability.1 However, there is a generalized detection window for opioids for each testing method.
Typically:3, 4, 5
- Opioids are detectable in urine drug screens for about 3 days.
- Tests that analyze hair follicles can detect drugs used repeatedly for up to 90 days after use.
- Drugs are detectable in a saliva test for 24-36 hours after the last dose.
- Blood tests have a very narrow window of detection of up to 12 hours. However, this window may be much wider for patients that use opioids chronically.
Which Opioids Do Drug Tests Check For?
Drug tests may screen for different opioids, depending on the laboratory and the panel used. Common opioids that are detected in drug tests include:6, 7, 8
Some common drug screens are unable to detect synthetic and semi-synthetic opioids like oxycodone, buprenorphine, or fentanyl. However, more stringent tests—such as the ones used by law enforcement, doctors, or certain employers—can detect these substances.9, 10
Opioids used medicinally and in recommended dosages may be detected by a drug test. If this happens, an additional test will likely be required, and the patient may have to provide their prescription. The concentration of opioids in their system will also be considered.10
What Factors Impact How Long Opioids Stay in Your System?
Every individual will metabolize opioids at a different rate, which determines how long drugs will be detectable with a drug screen. The duration of time it takes for someone to metabolize opioids is dependent on a number of variables, including but not limited to the:1, 11
- Person's age, sex, and genes.
- Patient's liver health.
- The amount of body fat.
- Pattern of (frequency and dosage) of opioid use.
- Half-life of the opioid taken.
- Route that the opioid was administered.
Characteristics of a drug test that may affect detectability include the:
- Type of test administered (i.e., saliva, urine, hair, blood).
- Cut-off concentration of the test (i.e., predetermined threshold of the concentration that will flag as positive).
- Sensitivity and specificity of the test.
- The concentration of the saliva, urine, hair, or blood that was tested.
How Can You Get Opioids out of Your System Faster?
The internet is full of ill-advised and misguided methods promising to rid the body of opioids or other drugs at a faster rate, or on how to "fool" a drug test. Most of this advice is unhelpful and some of it can even be dangerous.
The fact of the matter is that even if someone was to dilute a sample, switch a sample with a synthetic replacement, or tamper with the sample, drug screens have methods to detect this.12
How to Make Detoxing from Opioids Easier
When someone has been using opioids for a prolonged period of time, there is a high likelihood they will experience withdrawal symptoms when they quit or drastically reduce their use. This can happen even when someone has been taking opioids according to a doctor's recommendations.13
Withdrawal from opioids is not usually life-threatening, though it can be painful and unpleasant. Common symptoms include:14
- Abdominal pains.
Sometimes these symptoms can be so severe that they cause someone to relapse and return to opioid use.14
For those who have attempted to reduce their opioid use and have been unsuccessful because of severe withdrawal symptoms, medical detoxification can make the process safer and more comfortable. In a medical detox facility, staff can monitor the patient, respond immediately to emergencies, and administer medication to mitigate uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms as necessary.14
While medical detox is an important step towards treatment of an opioid use disorder, it's rarely sufficient by itself in helping a person achieve long-term sobriety. That is why continued treatment in a rehabilitation program after detox is crucial.15
Opioids and other drugs of abuse affect behavior and the way the brain functions; they can even alter the brain's structure. Once a patient is sober after detox and no longer contending with acute withdrawal symptoms, symptoms as a result of drug use will likely persist. It is with further treatment and various therapy methods can shift someone's thought and behavioral patterns, enabling them to recognize and overcome the triggers and ways of thinking that led them to use.15
Long-term maintenance treatment or other medication-assisted treatment methods may also be necessary for some patients.15
If you or a loved one is struggling with opioid addiction, it's not too late to get help. Please reach out to one of our Admissions Navigators at for more information on opioid rehab near you.
American Addiction Centers (AAC) is committed to delivering original, truthful, accurate, unbiased, and medically current information. We strive to create content that is clear, concise, and easy to understand.
While we are unable to respond to your feedback directly, we'll use this information to improve our online help.


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A New Path
A New Path lays out AFSC's seven principles for a new path toward a humane immigration policy. Learn more about our current work.
Develop humane economic policies to reduce forced migration
International economic policies, including trade agreements, need to be consistent with human rights, trade justice, and sustainable approaches to the environment and economic development in order to prevent labor displacement and its consequences such as forced economic migration.
Protect the labor rights of all workers
All workers are entitled to humane policies that protect their labor and employment rights.
Develop a clear path to citizenship
Inclusive measures must be enacted that lead to permanent residence and citizenship for undocumented immigrants.
Respect the civil and human rights of immigrants
Immigrants, regardless of status, deserve the same civil and human rights as all U.S. residents.
Demilitarize the U.S.-Mexico border
End costly, ineffective, and inhumane policies that have heavily militarized the U.S.-Mexico border region and undermined the quality of life of border communities.
Make family reunification a top priority
Recognize the distinctly important and valuable role of family ties by supporting the reunification of immigrant families in a way that equally respects both heterosexual and same-sex relationships.
Ensure that immigrants and refugees have access to services
Our values should not be contingent on immigration status. Public programs and services to address needs like public health or to fulfill our societal sense of fairness and compassion should never be dependent on a person's race, ethnicity, or place of birth.
Get Immigration Updates
To hear about important Immigration issues and ways to take action, sign up for Immigrants Rights emails.


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Space Telescope Science Institute
Beginning on Sunday, September 25 an outdoor laser exhibit at the Maryland Science Center will present a unique blend of astronomy and art. Hubble spectral observations of distant galaxies will be projected onto the Maryland Science Center with an intense green laser. Educational activities will allow students to explore the world of light and color in astronomy.
For more information, visit: HubbleSite - From the Distant Past Exhibit


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River's Run Enriches Valley: FRWA preserves Farmington
Updated: Dec 1, 2021
This article first appeared as the cover story in the November edition of Today Magazine, our monthly publication
By Bruce Deckert — Today Magazine Editor-in-Chief
The Farmington River — the classic waterway that lends its name to the Farmington Valley — is an iconic river by any measure. Granted, not a household name nationally like the Hudson, Mississippi or Rio Grande, but as vital to this fertile central Connecticut valley as any other American river is to its region.
A Simsbury-based nonprofit, the Farmington River Watershed Association, is dedicated to maintaining the vitality of the river and its interconnected natural resources. The FRWA aims to maintain a laser-focus on protecting and preserving this essential life-giving waterway.
A watershed is the land area that drains into a body of water. The Farmington River's widespread watershed is comprised of 33 towns covering 600-plus square miles in Connecticut and Massachusetts. This watershed provides 100% of the drinking water for over 600,000 people in Greater Hartford and the Farmington Valley.
"Decisions are made in each town that affect the health of the watershed every day," says the FRWA website.
Given the two neighboring states associated with the river, you might be wondering where the river's source is located.
The answer is a confusing riddle: The source is in both Massachusetts and Connecticut. How can this conundrum be resolved? Simple — the river has two branches.
The source of the river's West Branch is in the town of Becket in western Massachusetts — a stone's throw from the Otis town line — and the source of the East Branch is at the northern tip of the Barkhamsted Reservoir in Hartland, Connecticut. The reservoir was formed via a dam system on the East Branch.
The two branches converge in New Hartford and run to the river's mouth, where the Farmington joins the Connecticut River in Windsor, just northeast of Hartford.
The West Branch runs about 34.5 miles, per various sources, and the East Branch about 13 miles. After they merge, the river runs for about 46.5 miles.
The FRWA records the river's length at 81 miles — the sum of the West Branch and the merged main river. When the East Branch is added, the Farmington covers an overall distance of 94 miles.
Further nomenclature issues arise because the river is divided into the Lower Farmington and the Upper Farmington — but the details of this demarcation can wait for another day and further research.
Some notable numbers, from the FRWA website:
- More than 75 miles of the Farmington have received the federal Wild & Scenic River designation.
- There are 400-plus dams in Connecticut's Farmington River watershed.
- The river is home to 12 species of freshwater mussels and countless fish, and the watershed provides refuge and residence for an abundant and amazing diversity of wildlife.
And there's this peculiar fact — while swimming is allowed, the river has no officially designated swimming areas.
The Farmington River's relationship with the Farmington Valley region is complicated … yet nonetheless essential.
The Valley's five core towns (in alphabetical order) are Avon, Canton, Farmington, Granby and Simsbury — but the river doesn't exactly follow the ABCs in its passage through our region.
Its fluid meandering journey through the Farmington Valley begins in Canton when the river briefly forms a de facto boundary between Canton and New Hartford before flowing southeast into the Collinsville section of Canton.
When the river flows out of Collinsville, it forms the de facto western boundary of Avon where the town meets Burlington — and continues flowing in a south and southeasterly direction into the Unionville section of Farmington.
The waterway travels southeast through Farmington until making an unusual left-hand turn north and then into the eastern part of Avon.
The river keeps flowing north through Avon into Simsbury — with the Metacomet Ridge and Talcott Mountain just to the east — and stays north and slightly northeast until making a hairpin right-hand turn near the Granby town line to head southeast.
Granby is the only Valley municipality the Farmington River doesn't enter, but Salmon Brook is a key tributary and runs right through town. Of course, Granby is clearly in the river's watershed.
"Decisions are made in each town that affect the health of the watershed every day" — FRWA website
After bending southeast, the river goes through the Tariffville section of Simsbury, also flowing southeast out of town — and then bends northeast before bending back southeast in a roller-coaster descent, including a brief hairpin bend northwest (believe it or not) before another hairpin bend southeast for its homestretch run.
If you're keeping score at home, you've likely noted that the Farmington is one of those rare rivers that flows in all four cardinal directions: north, south, east and west.
Further, if all this bending makes you suspicious about whether the river suffers from a proverbial drinking bender, that would be understandable. But despite its apparent directionally challenged condition, the Farmington River ultimately reaches its destination — the Connecticut River.
Yes, the Farmington finally fulfills its role as a major tributary of our state's namesake waterway.
Wow … and whew … is anyone else dizzy? A complicated river, indeed, but certainly worth the complications, and worthy of the collective care of the Farmington Valley community. The Farmington River Watershed Association seeks to cultivate such care. +
- Related Story: Exclusive Q&A — FRWA safeguards river's resources
- This article was first published as the cover story in the November 2021 edition of Today Magazine, our monthly publication — an exclusive interview with two key FRWA principals is on page 7.
- Today Magazine editor-in-chief Bruce Deckert is an award-winning journalist
- Today Magazine covers the heart of Connecticut's Farmington Valley, recording the underreported upside of the Valley's five core towns — Avon, Canton, Farmington, Granby and Simsbury


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Charleroi was built in 1666 by the Spaniards and named after Charles II, king of Spain, only a 4-year-old child when he was placed on the Spanish throne after the death of his father Philip IV.
The following year, the fortress was taken by French armies and it was under French occupation. Fortifications were completed and extended by Vauban.
Louis XIV, who wanted to promote the development of the new town, granted its inhabitants privileges.
In 1678, under the treaty of Nijmegen, Charleroi was given back to Spain.
A first industrial change based on coal, iron, and glass industries brought about a rise in Charleroi's population.


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Archives of General Psychiatry, Pierce et al.
Researchers from the University of California, San Diego found that a preference for geometric patterns early in life may be a novel and easily detectable early signature of infants and toddlers at risk for autism. One hundred ten toddlers were presented with a one-minute movie depicting moving geometric patterns on one side of a video monitor and children in high actions, such as dancing or doing yoga, on the other. Using this preferential looking paradigm, researchers measured total fixation duration and the number of fast eye movements within each movie type was examined using eye-tracking technology. Overall, toddlers with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as young as 14 months spent significantly more time fixating on dynamic geometric images than other diagnostic groups. If a toddler spent more than 69% of his or her time fixating on geometric patterns, then the positive predictive value for accurately classifying that toddler as having an ASD was 100%. The preference for geometric patterns among children with ASDs can be used as an early risk factor for autism, which can aid in early identification efforts.


Why Pharmacies Need To Implement Online Fax Technology
The facsimile machine when it was invented revolutionized business. It drastically reduced the cost of communication and with its quick and easy transmission of documents, facsimile communication irreversibly changed how businesses operate.
Known worldwide as the fax machine, this modern piece of technology was embraced by businesses big and small, by organizations, households, even governments.
But technology waits for no man.
And this once beloved stalwart of the office is now counting down to retirement.
While most businesses that still rely on fax technology have quietly switched to online faxing, using a cloud based fax service provider such as iFax app, there are businesses in the health industry in several countries that have doggedly stuck with it.
But they're analog faxing is on borrowed time.
UK health service fax ban
In the UK, for example, the NHS (the UK's Health Service) has been issued with a fax ban. Health trusts throughout the UK are no longer allowed to purchase analog fax machines.
2020 was the year that then Health and Social Care Secretary, Matt Hancock, decreed all healthcare organizations that fed the NHS, both at home and abroad, had to make the transition to digital.
This has meant that pharmacies in the UK, in order to keep meeting patient's needs, have had to switch to online faxing, and away from their reliance on analog fax, for good.
Why might you need to know that?
Because if you deal with pharmacies in the UK, or any aspect of the UK's health service, and you need to fax information to them, you will need to digitally fax as they might not accept an analog faxed document.
The issue of analog fax
But why the switch to digital? What is the issue of analog faxing and why might all pharmacies need to implement online fax technology?
Another driver away from analog fax has been UK based British Telecom (BT) declaring that as of 2025, they will no longer be issuing analog phone lines to customers, in line with other telecom providers in Europe, and traditional fax machines use analog phone lines to transmit scanned data.
Besides continuing to communicate with international medical partners, why else might pharmacies in the US need to implement online fax technology?
1. Traditional faxing is expensive
In any business, even pharmacies, the bottom line is always cash flow. Watch the cents and the dollars take care of themselves, so the saying goes. And traditional faxing is an expensive habit to maintain.
From having a technician come and service your machine annually, to purchasing special fax paper, ink and toner. Not to mention paying for phone line rental.
When you switch to an online fax service, these costs reduce drastically.
– There is no expensive hardware to maintain.
– There is no need to buy paper and ink.
– There is no dedicated fax phone line you need to pay for.
– There is no software you need to keep updating.
– Everything you require is online. The only device you need is a mobile one.
2. Improved reliability
How many times have you had to deal with a paper jam? How many times have you had to call a fax repair technician to come and sort your fax machine when it goes down, when it crashes or develops a problem?
Not to mention the random lines and inky streaks that appear on the printed sheet, or the half received message, the remainder being lost somewhere along the line.
How can you fill a prescription if the vital information is missing? You have to call up the doctor who sent the prescription for confirmation or to ask for the fax to be resent. What a waste of your time and theirs.
And if you don't realise the fax is truncated? What are the potential ramifications of not filling an order correctly? A patient's health is put in jeopardy and you run the risk of losing business.
With online faxing, your pharmacy will never be unable to receive a fax again. When you implement digital fax solutions your pharmacy will get every piece of data that is sent over. Always.
3. Increased security of data
One of the biggest issues with traditional faxing is the security risk. US pharmacies have to adhere to HIPAA compliance, and when faxing was invented, there was no such thing as a hacker, so there were no built in defences in the technology to prevent someone from getting into your system.
But now, traditional fax machines provide an open door to anyone wanting to gain access to your entire IT network, putting all of your PHI (protected health information) at risk.
Can you afford to play fast and loose with patient data?
– When you're flat out, receiving faxes 24/7, you can't have someone monitoring the fax machine for every new fax that comes in.
– How many times have you received a paper fax through and it's been left in the tray until you get round to processing it?
– How many unauthorized personnel have had eyes on it?
– Or how many times has a fax come in and it's not been filed properly, and it's been lost in the process?
– You need to be able to retain and retrieve faxed documents quickly in the event of an emergency, and having them all online, in one place, stored securely in the cloud, enables this.
Online fax service
When faxed orders are critical for your pharmacy business, you need to know that your fax service provider is reliable, secure and provides a seamless service for both doctors and patients.
To guarantee your pharmacy remains operational, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, your pharmacy needs to implement online fax technology, through a HIPAA compliant provider, such as iFax app.
By doing this you are increasing your business' efficiency, improving your workflow, increasing your productivity, enhancing your reliability and ultimately increasing your revenue. And who doesn't want that?
Simply do your homework, research the most suitable cloud-based fax provider for your needs. It's quick and easy to switch, with no downtime. You can remain open, business as usual, throughout the transition.


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Laying the Foundation: Defining Digital Medicine
Jennifer Goldsack
The Digital Medicine Society (DiMe) was founded on a very deliberate definition of digital medicine, developed by a diverse and interdisciplinary group of experts (thank you to our esteemed Strategic Advisory Board and Scientific Leadership Board!).
This definition of digital medicine is the cornerstone of DiMe and our activities to advance the field. I have read this definition a thousand times, and every time I am excited by the possibility of digital medicine improving health, health outcomes, health economics, and increasing access to care. I'm also reminded of the fragile nature of that possibility; how we must thoughtfully develop the field of digital medicine to ensure that the products we place our trust in are, indeed, trustworthy.
Creating this definition establishes a common language and framework upon which to build the field of digital medicine. It's the first of many steps that the DiMe community is taking to advance digital medicine to optimize human health. Join us.
What is Digital Medicine?
Digital medicine describes a field that uses technologies as tools for measurement and intervention in the service of human health. Digital medicine products are driven by high-quality hardware and software that support the practice of medicine broadly, including treatment, recovery, disease prevention, and health promotion for individuals and across populations.
Digital medicine products can be used independently or in concert with pharmaceuticals, biologics, devices, or other products to optimize patient care and health outcomes. Digital medicine empowers patients and healthcare providers with intelligent and accessible tools to address a wide range of conditions through high-quality, safe, and effective measurements and data-driven interventions.
As a discipline, digital medicine encapsulates both broad professional expertise and responsibilities concerning the use of these digital tools. Digital medicine focuses on evidence-generation to support the use of these technologies.
Why Now?
The rise of software-driven connected technologies has created a fundamental shift in health data and information flows, and thus in the practice of medicine.
Data flows in the era of digital medicine
In the digital era of medicine, a number of processes, best practices, and ethical norms have started to shift as we learn how to develop trustworthy technologies. Sample paradigm shifts include the need to develop new methods to determine verification and validation, clinical usability and human experience, cybersecurity risks, and data rights and governance from 'digital specimen' collection.
As digital medicine evolves, we must ensure that these technologies are worthy of the trust we place in them. Unlike "digital health" or "digital wellness" products, digital medicine products are characterized by a body of evidence to support their quality and effectiveness.
Who Practices Digital Medicine?
The same individuals that practice traditional medicine: from pharmacists to physicians and nurses to health navigators. We also include medical researchers, from physician investigators to experts studying behavioral and population health.
Critically, we recognize the expanded role of the patient in the practice of digital medicine. With digital tools providing opportunities to decentralize care outside of the hospital, clinic and lab, patients will have a much more active role in digital medicine. Using digital tools in research will also expand the role of the citizen scientist.
Who Are the Key Stakeholders in Digital Medicine?
How Will Digital Medicine Evolve over Time?
When we founded this society, we were inspired by the FDA-NIH Framework, that stated: "Effective, unambiguous communication is essential for efficient translation of promising scientific discoveries into approved medical products. Unclear definitions and inconsistent use of key terms can hinder the evaluation and interpretation of scientific evidence and may pose significant obstacles to medical product development programs."
This manifesto is our working draft to drive the field forward. Like any piece of software, it is a living product that requires maintenance and updates to maintain its relevance. The role of the society is to maintain a focus on the areas of the field that need the most attention, clarification, and guidance, and we will continue to refine frameworks and definitions to support those developing and adopting digital medicine technologies.
What are Examples of Digital Medicine Products?
Digital medicine products are evidence-based tools that support the 'practice of medicine.'
Measurement products include digital biomarkers (e.g., using a vocal biomarker to track change in tremor for a Parkinson's patient), electronic clinical outcome assessments (e.g., a electronic patient-reported outcome survey), and tools that measure adherence and safety (e.g., a wearable sensor that tracks falls).
Intervention products include digital therapeutics and connected implantables (e.g., an insulin pump). Digital therapeutics deliver evidence-based therapeutic interventions to patients that are driven by high quality software programs to prevent, manage, or treat a medical disorder or disease. They are used independently or in concert with medications, devices, or other therapies to optimize patient care and health outcomes.
Combination products both measure and intervene. For example, continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) for diabetics share patient data automatically with their doctor's office using a companion app. The level of human involvement may vary in the cycle between measurement and intervention — say, when a doctor diagnoses an abnormal heart condition from an EKG reading from a smartphone. Over time, this cycle may become more closed-loop, with less need for human intervention in response to routine changes. More recently, the development of the "artificial pancreas" has combined the CGM with an insulin pump and a computer-controlled algorithm that allows the system to automatically adjust the delivery of insulin to reduce high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) and minimize the incidence of low blood glucose (hypoglycemia).
Join our next project
Help streamline the path to regulatory and commercial success to optimize health outcomes for the greatest number of patients
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Last night the LUCI lab had a terrific turnout for an Arduino hacking workshop. About 20 people including undergraduates, graduate students, researchers and faculty turned out to learn how to program this popular microcontroller. The basic goal of the workshop was for everyone to create a device which measured an input (light, sound, pressure) and do something in response (beep, light up, tweet, etc.). There was a little bit of trepidation at first as most of the participants had to trade their software coding skills for wires and breadboards, but once the pizza arrived everything got easier.
This workshop was run by undergraduate student Vahan Hartooni and sponsored by the LUCI lab's "hackerspace", which is a new direction that we are undertaking as a result of a Multidisciplinary Design Program (MDP) grant. The grant program is a collaboration between the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2), and the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) with the following aspirations:
"Under the personal guidance of UCI faculty co-mentors, students will gain first-hand experience and training in state-of-the-art facilities and techniques. This program is designed to help students develop the multidisciplinary skills and knowledge that will propel them into graduate studies or careers in fields that explore the connections between different concentrations.Participants will demonstrate the results of their work at the UCI Undergraduate Research Symposium in May and at additional demonstration events sponsored by Calit2."
This grant which was spearheaded by undergraduate students (including Vahan Hartooni and Nick LaJeunesse) and subsequently helped along with a little grant writing experience by Informatics faculty member Don Patterson, Informatics Research Scientist/Artist-in-Residence Garnet Hertz and Film & Media Studies faculty member Peter Krapp, was instrumental in last night's program.
For more information about how you can hack, or about upcoming programs, contact the space at _EMAIL_.


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A Closer Look at Thermal Radical Cure Adhesives for the Electronics Industry
Thermal radical cure (TRC) adhesives are 100% solid formulations based on UV curable resins. This type of adhesive is commonly as hot melt and semi-structural adhesives. These adhesives were created to harness some of the best features of traditional silicone adhesives while eliminating or reducing many of the drawbacks.
This blog post will discuss why thermal radical curing technology is beneficial, discuss the properties of these adhesives, and offer examples of common applications.
WHY USE TRC TECHNOLOGY?
There are many benefits offered by thermal radial curing technology. Some of the primary benefits include:
- Enhanced adhesive performance. The adhesion strength of TRC adhesives is retained across a broad temperature range and throughout a variety of adverse conditions, such as water immersion, salt water exposure, and other corrosive environments.
- Design flexibility. TRC adhesives provide adhesion to a wide range of surfaces. They adhere to plastics, metals, cured silicones, wet substrates, and more. These adhesives will bond with most traditional and alternative materials, enabling improved performance and many new design opportunities.
- Cost control. TRC adhesives facilitate cost savings in the form of reduced energy expenditures and streamlined production processes. They cure much faster than standard silicone adhesives by reducing the heat-up time and cutting the cure down to as little as three minutes.
HOW EXACTLY DO TRC ADHESIVES WORK?
TRC adhesives provide reliable adhesion with a comprehensive array of metals, ceramics, and plastics—even those that haven't experienced good adhesion with more traditional silicone-based adhesives. Once the adhesive is fully cured, the substrate materials benefit from strong but flexible bonds. With thermal curing processes, these adhesives significantly reduce curing time without sacrificing adhesion strength.
Cationically curable resins and free-radical curable unsaturated esters are the two most common resins used for creating UV-curable adhesives. Cation resins are typically more expensive, but offer better overall performance, higher heat resistance, less shrinkage, and superior strength. Free-radical type adhesives feature reduced properties in comparison, but cure much faster.
There are many use cases for TRC adhesives within the electronics industry. Examples may include:
- Housing assembly
- Attaching connectors to substrates
- Adhering sensors and electronic control units to substrates
- Facilitating power supply and energy conversion
More advanced assembly applications for TRC adhesives may include:
- Engine or transmission control units
- Power control units
- Lighting modules
- Printed circuit boards
TRC ADHESIVES FROM ROBERT MCKEOWN, INC.
TRC adhesives are cost-effective, offer strong and reliable adhesion, and work with a comprehensive range of surface types and materials. The application potential for these adhesives is nearly limitless, especially in sectors such as automotive, electronics, and general manufacturing.
At Robert McKeown, we partner with Dow, a global leader in adhesives and sealants, to provide thermal radical cure adhesive solutions. We're happy to offer a sample of EA-7100 TRC adhesive from Dow so you can test it in your application. Please contact us today to obtain a sample or with any questions about any of our products and services.


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Papanicolaou's stain is used commonly for cancer screeing
and smear preparations of various bodily secretions.
- Mix 11.25ml of a 10% eosin Y solution into 450ml
of 100% ethanol.
- Mix 2.25ml of a 10% aqueous solution of light green
SF into the solution from step 1.
- Mix 25ml of a 1% bismarck brown solution (in ethanol)
into the solution from step 2.
- Mix 10ml of a 10% aqueous solution of phosphotongstic
acid into the solution from step 3.
- Mix 0.3ml of an aqueous solution of saturated lithium
carbonate into the solution from step 4.


Configuring connectivity for your Ubuntu Core appliance
Ubuntu Core is especially designed for appliances: you can very easily create a customized image by defining your own model assertion and including the specific snaps you need for your target application. At the same time, the system is security-first and you can finish configuration on it only by connecting via a system console. However, this can be inconvenient some times, as accessing the console is not immediate in many devices: sometimes you need special connectors/cables or even doing some soldering. If that is the case, you would be better off by having an easier way of performing the configuration.
Canonical has had a solution for this for a while, the wifi-connect snap. This snap helps you to configure connectivity for the device by creating a wifi Access Point to where you can connect from a mobile phone and then select the wifi network where the device should connect to. This is very useful in a scenario where a technician installs a device, and then configures basic connectivity so the device can reach the Ubuntu store and receive updates.
The wifi-connect snap is not published in the store: instead, the sources are public so anybody can take them as reference and adapt to their needs.
How does it work?
Wifi-connect allows you to configure wifi connectivity in an ingenuous way: it creates an Access Point to which you can connect from a mobile phone. When you do so, the phone will present you a captive portal that, after asking for a password, will show you a list of surrounding wifi SSIDs (wifi network identifiers). You can select and introduce the password for any of those SSIDs, and after that the AP you connected to shuts down and the device tries to connect to the selected SSID. If it fails in the attempt, it will create the AP again so you can still access the portal and re-try.
Wifi-connect has two modes: in the management mode, it lets you configure the wifi network the device connects to, as described in the previous paragraph. Once a successful connection happens, you enter operational mode. This mode exposes a portal that allows you to disconnect from any wifi the device is connected to. If you do this, you go back to management mode. Of course, to access the operational portal you need access to the network the device has connected to.
Selecting wifi from captive portal
How to set it up?
You can build the snap from sources and then include it in your image. You also need to include the network-manager snap, which is needed to control the wifi interface (previously, wifi-connect also had the wifi-ap snap as a dependency, but after some recent changes that is not the case anymore). Note that you will need network-manager snap from the 1.10 track or from a more modern track. When testing, you can install NM with
snap install --channel=1.10 network-manager
There are some interface connections that you need to perform, either manually or by configuring them via gadget connections. The commands you need to run if doing this manually are
snap connect wifi-connect:firewall-control
snap connect wifi-connect:network-manager network-manager
You will also need to configure some of the wifi-connect settings. First, to set the exposed AP name and password:
snap set wifi-connect wifi.ssid=
snap set wifi-connect
To configure the portal password:
snap set wifi-connect portal.password=
To enable the operational portal (it is disabled by default):
snap set wifi-connect portal.operational=true
And to set the wifi interface to use:
snap set wifi-connect wifi.interface=
There are also options to set the subnet, country code, channel, and band for the AP. Another interesting option is "config-wifi-once", that disables the management portal once the device has connected successfully once to a wifi network:
snap set wifi-connect config-wifi-once=
You can configure these settings from your image gadget too (defaults section). Finally, the project contains a very extensive documentation that explains the snap in more detail. Hopefully now you have everything you need to get started with wifi-connect!


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matrix contains the normalised radius from the centre on the matrix. Values range from 0 at the middle to 0.5 at the boundary.
[x,y] = meshgrid([-cols/2:(cols/2-1)]/cols,... [-rows/2:(rows/2-1)]/rows); radius = sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2); % Matrix values contain *normalised* radius % values ranging from 0 at the centre to % 0.5 at the boundary. radius(rows/2+1, cols/2+1) = 1; % Get rid of the 0 radius value in the middle % so that taking the log of the radius will % not cause trouble.Filters are constructed in terms of two components.
Here is an example of constructing the radial component of the filter given some desired filter wavelength. The bandwidth of the filter is controlled by the parameter sigmaOnf.
fo = 1.0/wavelength; % Centre frequency of filter. % The following implements the log-gabor transfer function. logGabor = exp((-(log(radius/fo)).^2) / (2 * log(sigmaOnf)^2)); logGabor(rows/2+1, cols/2+1) = 0; % Set the value at the 0 frequency point % of the filter back to zero % (undo the radius fudge).
Radial log-Gabor component of the filter.
lp = lowpassfilter([rows,cols],.4,10); % Radius .4, 'sharpness' 10 logGabor = logGabor.*lp; % Apply low-pass filter
Large low-pass filter.
Product of low-pass filter and log-Gabor filter (in this case it does nothing).
theta = atan2(-y,x); % Matrix values contain polar angle. % (note -ve y is used to give +ve % anti-clockwise angles) sintheta = sin(theta); costheta = cos(theta); % For each point in the filter matrix calculate the angular distance from the % specified filter orientation. To overcome the angular wrap-around problem % sine difference and cosine difference values are first computed and then % the atan2 function is used to determine angular distance. ds = sintheta * cos(angl) - costheta * sin(angl); % Difference in sine. dc = costheta * cos(angl) + sintheta * sin(angl); % Difference in cosine. dtheta = abs(atan2(ds,dc)); % Absolute angular distance. spread = exp((-dtheta.^2) / (2 * thetaSigma^2)); % Calculate the angular % filter component. filter = spread.*logGabor; % Product of the two components.
Angular component of the filter.
Product of angular and radial components to produce the frequency domain representation of the log-Gabor filter.
If we take the inverse Fourier Transform of this filter the even-symmetric component will be in the real part of the result and odd-symmetric component will be in the imaginary part of the result.
Even symmetric filter.
Odd symmetric filter.
To create filters tuned to other frequencies and oriented in different directions one simply forms the product between the appropriate radial and angular spread components - mix and match.
One aim is to produce a filter bank that provides even coverage of the section of the spectrum that you wish to represent. This can be achieved by making the overlap of the filter transfer functions sufficiently large so that when one sums the individual transfer functions the net result is an even coverage of the spectrum. Thus, every point in the spectrum ends up being represented equally in the final result. For computational reasons one wants to achieve this even coverage of the spectrum with a minimal number of filters.
A second aim, which conflicts with the first, is to ensure the outputs of the individual filters in the bank are as independent as possible. The whole aim of applying the filter bank is to obtain information about our signal, if a filter's outputs are highly correlated with those of its neighbours then we have an inefficient arrangement of filters that do not provide as much information as they should. To achieve independence of output the filters should have minimal overlap of their transfer functions.
Thus the transfer functions of our filters should have the minimal overlap necessary to achieve fairly even spectral coverage.
Here are the parameters you have to decide on, several are interdependent.
The maximum frequency is set by the wavelength of the smallest scale filter, this is controlled by the parameter minWaveLength. The smallest value you can sensibly use here is the Nyquist wavelength of 2 pixels, however at this wavelength you will get considerable alaising and I prefer to keep the minimum value to 3 pixels or above.
The minimum frequency is set by the wavelength of the largest scale filter. This is implicitly defined once you have set the number of filter scales (nscale), the scaling between centre frequencies of successive filters (mult), and the wavelength of the smallest scale filter.
maximum wavelength = minWavelength * mult^(nscale-1) minimum frequency = 1 / maximum wavelength
The filter bandwidth is set by specifying the ratio of the standard deviation of the Gaussian describing the log Gabor filter's transfer function in the log-frequency domain to the filter center frequency. This is set by the parameter sigmaOnf . The smaller sigmaOnf is the larger the bandwidth of the filter. I have not worked out an expression relating sigmaOnf to bandwidth, but empirically a sigmaOnf value of 0.75 will result in a filter with a bandwidth of approximately 1 octave and a value of 0.55 will result in a bandwidth of roughly 2 octaves.
Having set a filter bandwidth one is then in a position to decide on the scaling between centre frequencies of successive filters (mult). It is here one has to play off the conflicting demands of even spectral coverage and independence of filter output.
Here is a table of values, determined experimentally, that result in the minimal overlap necessary to achieve fairly even spectral coverage.
sigmaOnf .85 mult 1.3 sigmaOnf .75 mult 1.6 (bandwidth ~1 octave) sigmaOnf .65 mult 2.1 sigmaOnf .55 mult 3 (bandwidth ~2 octaves)


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The rough idea of what is being said
A machine translation that is used to get the essential information from a document. A gist is useful even if it contains serious errors in vocabulary, syntax, and grammar.
the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience; "the gist of the prosecutor's argument"; "the heart and soul of the Republican Party"; "the nub of the story"
The gist of an article is the overall idea of it; what it is basically about and the point it makes.
Summary of the meaning and essential points of a communication


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Our exhibition proposal for Gasometer GmbH was selected for installation inside their 110m high gasometer – Europe's tallest.
The design concept was based upon water. Water is a condition for all life. We, food and the earth are all mostly water. Of all the water in the earth's biosphere only 3% is fresh water, the rest is salt water. And, 87% of the fresh water is locked up in the polar ice caps, leaving only 0.4% of the earth's water accessible for humans, crops and animals.
Providing healthy drinkable water to everyone, both in industrialised and developing countries is a phenomenal challenge for mankind in the 21st century.
In most places throughout the world, water is carried in plastic bottles or jars. It does not come out of a tap. Safe, potable water is the gold of the 21st century.
We sought to communicate the purity of water, expressed through the phase states of water – ice, water and steam – to convey its beauty, preciousness and sounds.
The visitor enters the first of many corridors within an illuminated carved cylindrical block of ice symbolising the polar ice caps. This is the ice labyrinth. On the intermediate floor above is the main didactic part of the water exhibition. In the main gasometer space itself, an enormous ice cone was installed – measuring 50m in height. An ice skin forms on an internally illuminated taut and translucent skin.
The exhibition ran for nearly six months from autumn 2001 until spring 2002, and welcomed more than 300,000 visitors. It was considered a major success. We were assisted by THP Architektur and Schmidt Reuter.
"What in water did Bloom, water lover, drawer of water, water carrier returning to the range, admire? Its universality: its democratic quality." (James Joyce, Ulysses)