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Regional Archives The Altamont Enterprise, August 2, 2007
Fishers leading a life of crime"
Fingerprints track wayward animals
By Saranac Hale Spencer
ALBANY COUNTY Carbon dust and contact paper, sticky side up, arent used in the forensics lab, but, for the New York State museum, they serve the same purpose as dansyl chloride or fingerprint-lifting tape.
Like human fingertips, fishers' paws have unique patterns, and a research team at the museum has begun fingerprinting them as a way to track their population. The project, said Roland Kays, curator of mammals at the museum, "has its roots in the basic question: How do you know where an animal lives""
A relative of the weasel, fishers are one of the biggest members in that family, Kays said; they generally grow to be between eight and 10 pounds. The lowest point for their population numbers was in the 1930s, he said, when they were trapped for their fur. In the last decade of the century, though, the Fisher population exploded, he said. So far, his research team has found that fishers are the second most abundant carnivore in the Adirondacks, behind coyotes.
"They're one of the best species to kill porcupines," said Kays, which is important because the prickly rodents can do a lot of damage to forests and trees. "They'll sort of spin around and bite the porcupine in the face," he said, thereby avoiding its quills.
Porcupines, too, likely have unique prints on their feet, Kays said. The prints from porcupine feet are scaly, he said, rather than the swirly appearance of human fingerprints or the dot patterns on fishers paws.
"Things that climb trees, it gives more friction to have prints," Kays said of how some animals evolved to have distinctive patterns.
After his group put track boxes throughout the Adirondack Park and got good prints from fishers using the contact paper and carbon powder, Kays said, "We were sitting there looking at the prints and saw all these patterns." But, he recalled saying at the time, "We don't know anything about fingerprints."
In 2000, the scientists working on the project asked the states Division of Criminal Justice Services for help in matching the prints.
"What he's trying to do is very similar to crime-scene fingerprints," said Richard Higgins, a 35-year veteran of DCJS, who spent a number of years in the latent fingerprints department. A latent fingerprint is one that is not apparent to the eye, but can be made visible by dusting or fuming for use in identification.
"Latent fingerprints especially is a very challenging, very rewarding experience," Higgins said of finding a match for a partial print left behind at a crime scene. "It's almost like magic."
That process is very similar to matching a footprint left in a track box by a fisher scavenging for a chicken wing, said Higgins. In both cases, investigators are often working with only partial prints.
"The difference between fingerprints and fisher prints is fingerprints are continuous ridges with bifurcation, enclosures, and islands," he said, while fisher prints are more like patterns of dots. Higgins tried entering some of the fisher prints into the state's computer system, but the system is set up to read ridges and bifurcation, he said, so it didn't work well for matching fisher prints.
The museum research group has come up with a system for visually identifying matches; in its paper on the project, it says, "In the process of teaching this technique to others, we learned that some biologists have more aptitude than others for spatial pattern recognition and matching, a fact long recognized by those hiring criminal fingerprint technicians."
It is always a person who makes the identification in the crime lab, said Higgins. "The machine only spits out a number of candidates that are close," he said. "It's not like CSI," he said, referring to the popular TV crime show, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.
Human ingenuity has always been part of fingerprint detection, and tracking fishers based on their prints is not the first fingerprinting innovation to come out of Albany. In the 1850s, John Maloy, a police constable in Albany, solved a burglary case by using a positive identification from a crime-scene fingerprint, according to a recent book by Simon Cole.
A bloody thumbprint was found on a piece of broken glass in the window of a house that had been robbed. It was matched by Maloy with an imprint of the suspected burglars thumb.
"If the thumbprint story is true," Cole writes, "then Maloy deserves credit for making the earliest known use of fingerprints to solve a crime, predating what historians had previously believed to be the earliest such instance by around twenty years."
Pioneering isn't easy, though. To get their system right, Kays said, "it took a year or two of fiddling with it."
Plans to be aired for $9M road rehab
By Rachel Dutil
ALBANY COUNTY A $9 million highway rehabilitation project proposed for Normanskill and Johnston roads in the towns of New Scotland and Guilderland will be the subject of a public meeting next Thursday.
Normanskill Road County Route 306 becomes Johnston Road, County Route 203, and runs between routes 155 and 20.
The project is still in the design phase, and fits into the five-year capital plan for the county, said Michael Franchini, the commissioner for Albany Countys department of public works. The project budget is $9 million, he said; it would be funded solely through the county.
At this point, the existing conditions on the four-mile stretch of road have been identified, said Jeff Pangburn, an engineer with Creighton Manning Engineering, working on the design for the project. The next step is "to get feedback on what constraints are most important to residents," he said.
"We want to try to work with property owners to address their concerns," said Pangburn.
The Aug. 9 meeting will begin at 6:30 p.m. in the Westmere Elementary School gymnasium on Johnston Road.
"We hope to have the design ready for construction next year," Franchini said.
Franchini outlined five goals for the project. First, is the addition of a five-foot wide sidewalk along Johnston Road from Solarview Estates to Route 20.
"Whenever we reconstruct a road, we try to include a sidewalk," Franchini said. A five-foot wide sidewalk is standard, and complies with the American with Disabilities Act, he explained. "Anything less is substandard," Franchini added, noting that sidewalks that are not five feet wide are likely quite old.
The second objective is to widen the shoulders on the roadway to accommodate bicyclists. "Some county roads are not wide enough for bicycles" and cyclists must ride in the travel lanes, said Franchini. "It is much safer to ride on the shoulder," he said.
The third goal is to reconstruct the existing pavement. "The pavement is wearing down and deteriorating," Franchini said of the roadway, explaining that each year the county conducts pavement rating tests on its roads.
Pavement rating is "a relative objective measurement," said Franchini. The rating and the road's history of repair weigh heavily into the assessment of the need for roadwork, he explained.
Fourth, the project will also improve sight distance and, fifth, reconstruct the existing drainage system. The objective, said Franchini, is to bring the roadway up to standards. "There are some features that don't meet modern-day standards," he said.
Creighton Manning Engineering has done projects for the county before, Pangburn said. The goal of the design is to do a "best fit" throughout the corridor and to "try to minimize impact," he said.
Drainage is a "key" concern, Pangburn said. The idea is to try and maintain the natural water pattern, he said.
This stage of the project is an ideal time to get residents feedback, Pangburn said, adding that sometimes a property owner has a better idea of how a certain aspect of a project would best be handled.
One issue, he said, is that in order to accommodate the sidewalk, the county will need to acquire small strips of land on numerous properties. This is an obvious concern to property owners, he said.
Pangburn plans to hold another public meeting in the late fall or early winter, before construction begins.
"We want to inform them of the process and allow them to weigh in on it," Pangburn said. "The sidewalk really improves the quality of life for all the residents in that area," he concluded.
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International research commissioned by P2i, the world leader in liquid repellent nano-coating technology, reveals demand for mobile devices to be water-repellent as standard. The results come as more and more consumers put their phones at risk of moisture and corrosion damage as they go about their day-to-day activities.
The research found that many people keep their mobile phones with them for the majority of their average day, whatever they intend to do. The Spanish and British are more likely to take their mobile phones to a pub or café (88 percent and 85 percent respectively) than the French (67 percent), Germans (60 percent) or Americans (56 percent) – although it was Americans (12 percent) who were most likely to spill alcohol on their phones.
Water came top on the spillage stakes with an average 30 per cent of respondents having spilt it on their mobile phone, followed by coffee (13 percent) and tea (8 percent) in second and third places. Surprisingly, men were more likely to have spilled coffee on their phone than women (16 percent and 11 percent respectively).
Commenting on the survey results, Dr. Stephen Coulson, CTO, P2i says: "Mobile phones are not just susceptible to accidental spillages in pubs or cafes. Reflecting the increasing role that they play in our lives, this survey also found that on average phones are taken out in the rain (64 percent); in the snow (59 percent) and even into the shower (8 percent) and sauna (3 percent) – all posing a risk of the phone being exposed to moisture which can cause long term damage.
There is a very real demand for these devices to be able to keep up with thriving lifestyles. Phones are no longer left on the desk in the office but now accompany us everywhere we go." When it comes to exposing a mobile device to the outdoor elements such as sand and sea, the Spanish (77 percent) and the French (72 percent) are the most likely to take their phones to the beach. Only 47 percent of respondents from the USA take their phones with them to sit beside the sea.
Dr. Coulson adds, "It's no surprise that on average over half of all of those questioned (51 percent) expect water protection to be included as standard when buying a mobile phone. Without it, users not only need to avoid liquid coming into contact with their phones but have to consider the 'hidden' risk of moisture that can cause corrosion, damaging the phone, its components and, often more importantly, the content and data stored on it."
When asked what applications they would miss the most if their phone stopped working, the UK is clearly a nation of text fanatics, with 63 per cent of respondents citing text messaging over any other function. The findings from the other nations showed that the ability to phone people would be missed the most.
On Booth 2E58, in Hall 2, at Mobile World Congress, Barcelona, P2i will be demonstrating its Aridion technology which dramatically increases the reliability of electronic devices by protecting them from water and corrosion damage. Over nine million electronic devices are now protected by Aridion including smartphones, tablets, and hearing aids.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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What are the uses of gabion mesh?
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What are the uses of gabion mesh?
Views:0 Author:Site Editor Publish Time: 2018-06-27 Origin:Site Inquire
The gabion mesh can be used for slope protection, slope vegetation, filtration of harmful substances in water, protection of landslides, etc. It can also be made into gabion cages, mesh mats, etc. used for riverside protection to prevent soil erosion and cause unnecessary losses. Its flexible structure can adapt to the changes of the slope without being destroyed, and the better structure has safer stability; it has strong anti-erosion ability and can withstand huge flow pressure; it has water permeability and strong filtration of groundwater itself. Sexuality can make harmful substances in water precipitate in the crevices, and it is also conducive to the growth of local vegetation and restore the ecological environment.
The gabion cages made from gabions mesh have the following advantages:
 1. The construction is simple, effective and saves a lot of manpower and material resources, only need to put the stone into the cage and then seal it, no other technical skills, just artificial production, no machinery and other equipment.
 2. The production cost is low and the production of gabion cages will not cost too much.
 3, the overall image is clean and tidy, will not give people the impression of messy, and the protective effect is also better.
 4. The service life of gabion cages is relatively long. Under normal circumstances, the lifespan of Shilong nets can be as long as several decades. Moreover, there is no need for maintenance and there is no technical convenience. Because of this, we have adopted this technology in many riverside areas of our country.
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The King with Learning Difficulties: Charles II of Spain _PHONE_
In the 20th century, the British Royal Family hid away some of its members who had disabilities. In contrast, in the 17th century Charles II of Spain was helped to rule that country for 35 years despite quite a severe degree of learning difficulty. He never learned to write more than a few words. He had various physical impairments, including difficulty in eating. He was supported by his mother to undertake the duties of his role. He married twice but did not have any children, a situation that led to the War of Spanish Succession on his death. His illnesses and lack of ability to have children led to him being called 'Carlos the Bewitched'. However, he was well loved by his people and he achieved a lot during his reign, including commissioning art for the royal palaces and promoting a more scientific approach to medicine. His reign was largely a time of peace and of reversal of the previous economic decline of Spain. He is an example of great achievement in an extremely important role by a person with learning difficulties in history. His story will be recounted with illustrations from paintings of him during his reign.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Winona Native Seed Mix
The mix includes Warrego Summer Grass & Green Summer Grass.
The recommended sowing rate is 2-3kg/ha
C4 summer active perennial
Sowing rate 2-kg/h
$750.00 – $3,750.00 +GST
Warrego Summer Grass (paspalidium distans)
This species of paspalidium grows on a varying range of soils and over a wide geographical area being found from Victoria and South Australia, NSW to Northern Queensland and Northern Territory. It is a very high-quality grazing C4 summer active perennial grass that grows to a height of 60 cm producing a lot of very high-quality stock feed. Warrego is a small (Lucerne size) awnless seed which can be sown through a regular small seedbox (pasture seedbox)
Green Summer grass (brachiaria miliiformus – recently renamed urochloa subquadripara)
Green summer grass, also known as arm grass millet, is regarded as a short-lived perennial grass that produces large quantities of small-medium seed (clover size). It is a colonising species which will spread rapidly; consequently, it will establish quickly from seed. Because of this, it is an excellent species to transition property to perennial native pasture. This grass produces large quantities of very high-quality summer forage from late spring to early winter when it goes into winter dormancy. The plant also produces excellent dry feed in its dormant state. Green summer grass grows naturally in all states of Australia except Tasmania
Most warm-season perennial grass species(C4) are sown as the weather and soil warms in October to November when the soil temperature reaches 17-18 degrees Celcius. I would recommend sowing with a zero-till seed drill at a depth of 5-10 mm, into moist soil that is free from summer weeds.
Red grass and cotton panic can be spread during this time.
It is not usually recommended to sow warm-season grass during the autumn-winter months, but I have seen good results with native species sown at that time.
Warm-season (C4) perennials will not germinate during the cold months but will wait until the soil temperature and moisture is suitable for germination (usually October to December)
The advantage of sowing C4 grass species this way is that winter pasture species (C3) can be sown with the C4 seed, at the same time.
Note: Most native seed contains a proportion of hard seed that will not germinate at the time of sowing and will wait until the conditions are suitable before germination. This ensures the survival of the plant species. If the germination is low in the first year, it should not be regarded as a failure; usually, the remaining seed will germinate and grow during the following season.
Empowering Change For The Better

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Lesson Worksheet: Unit Rate Mathematics • 6th Grade
In this worksheet, we will practice finding a unit rate and using it to solve problems in the real world.
Which of these is the correct definition for the rate?
 - AThe rate is the ratio between two quantities with different units.
 - BThe rate is the ratio between two quantities with the same unit.
Determine the unit rate for the following situation: Jacob earns $360 in 40 hours.
A student uses 42 sheets of cardboard to make 3 equal-sized cubes. How many sheets do they use for each cube?
Given that a factory produces 7,500 cans of juice in 5 hours, what is its average rate of production in cans per hour?
If Mia drinks 35 glasses of juice per week, then how many glasses of juice per day would that be, on average?
Given that a water tap leaks 36 liters of water in 5 hours, find the leakage rate per minute.
 - A325 L/min
 - B813 L/min
 - C180 L/min
 - D715 L/min
 - E536 L/min
Michael drove 244 km in 4 hours. Giving your answer correct to one decimal place, what is his average speed in km/h?
If a runner ran 13 miles in 2 hours at a constant rate, how many miles did she run per hour?
A car uses 10 liters of fuel to travel 50 km. What is the car's fuel consumption rate in liters per kilometer?
The parking fees of a parking lot are $5 for 25 hours and $10 for 50 hours. Determine, to the nearest cent, the cost per hour.
A car consumes 33 liters of gasoline to travel 858 km. How many liters will it consume at the same rate in traveling 1,300 km?
Noah was offered $4,035 annually for a lifeguard job on weekends. Determine his monthly rate of pay.
Express the following ratio as a unit rate, rounding to the nearest hundredth: 10 batteries in 6 months.
Determine the unit rate for a group of 990 people who went to the park between the hours of 9:00 and 11:00 am.
Elizabeth traveled 1,632 miles in 4 days. Determine the unit rate that represents the average miles she traveled per day during her trip.
Express, to the nearest hundredth, the following ratio as a unit rate: 1,210 gallons in 20 days.
Which of the following rates can be classified as a unit rate?
 - A$42 for 6 cards
 - B30 pages in 45 minutes
 - C$3.80 for 1 gallon of water
 - D$2.40 for 4 oranges
 - E90 miles per 30 hours
A family spends 560 LE in 2 days. If they spend the same amount each day, how much would they spend in 1 day?
True or False: A unit rate compares a certain quantity to one unit of another quantity.
 - ATrue
 - BFalse
Elizabeth is going on vacation. She has asked a friend to look after her cat during her absence, so she needs to buy cat food in advance. She has noticed that a 3-kilogram pack of food lasts about 2 months (60 days). How much does the cat eat per day?
A photographer charges $180 an hour. How much do they charge per minute?
 - A$3 per minute
 - B$2 per minute
 - C$7.50 per minute
 - D$4 per minute
 - E$6 per minute
A piece of 3 cm3 of wood weighs 2.4 g. Given that the mass of a piece of wood is proportional to its volume, what is the unit rate of this proportional relationship (i.e., the density of the wood)?
 - A8 g/cm3
 - B7.2 g/cm3
 - C0.8 g/cm3
 - D0.2 g/cm3
 - E1.25 g/cm3
Choose, from the following, three points of the graph of the mass of a piece of this type of wood against its volume.
 - A(0,0),(1,8),(3,24)
 - B(0,0),(1,7.2),(3,21.6)
 - C(0,0),(0.8,1),(2.4,3)
 - D(0,0),(1,0.2),(3,0.6)
 - E(0,0),(1,0.8),(3,2.4)
If four cups of coffee cost $10.80, how much of a cup of coffee could you buy with one dollar?
 - A1027 of a cup per dollar
 - B554 of a cup per dollar
 - C2710 cups per dollar
 - D545 of a cup per dollar
 - E1017 of a cup per dollar
Daniel buys 6 apples for $0.82. What is the cost of one apple?
A tunnel boring machine can excavate about 75 feet every 24 hours. Which expression represents its rate in feet per hour?
 - A75×24
 - B75÷24
 - C75÷2
 - D24÷75
 - E75×2


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What is the role of a pediatric nurse?
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Our KixNurses are all pediatric registered nurses, but what does this mean?
What is a Registered Nurse (RN)?
Registered Nurses (RNs) have a 4-year university degree in nursing, which provides them with training on diseases and illnesses, symptoms, interventions and treatments, and how to provide overall patient care.
They can identify conditions, recommend over-the-counter medications and interventions, and provide health teaching and promotion.
How does an RN become an expert in pediatric care?
Technically, RNs and pediatric RNs have the same medical qualifications. However, what makes pediatric registered nurses unique is their passion and commitment to pediatric healthcare.
Pediatric RNs choose to dedicate their education and clinical skills to pediatric healthcare early in their careers. Most pediatric RNs, because of their commitment to helping children, know that they want to specialize in the niche sector of pediatrics early on. Through their work experience, they learn everything there is to know about pediatric health.
Pediatric RNs understand better than anyone that children are not just small adults. They need specialized care due to numerous factors such as their fragility, height, and weight. These varying factors impact how medical professionals administer care to your child, and it takes a pediatric specialist to feel comfortable supplying that unique treatment.
Most pediatric nurses have advanced certifications in pediatric care, such as trauma and pediatric advanced life support, to further understand your child's specific healthcare needs and how to provide the quality care they deserve.
What is the role of a pediatric nurse?
Pediatric nurses play a role in both urgent care and proactive health and wellness.
They take detailed health assessments, perform physical examinations of children, take blood and urine samples, asses vitals, and much more. Pediatric nurses work alongside practitioners to interpret medical tests for diagnosis and treatment plans needed to care for your little ones.
Outside of the world of urgent care, pediatric nurses are also trained to educate parents, or other caregivers, about proactive health care for their children. Whether it's lactation, sleep, mental health, or developmental milestones, pediatric nurses can advise parents on how to tackle their child's proactive health effectively. If your child has chronic conditions, such as juvenile diabetes or complex medical needs, pediatric nurses can create individual care plans that are tailored to help families navigate their child's illness alongside their team of specialists.
What are some unique skills of a pediatric nurse?
Pediatric nurses are specialized in treating and caring for children. This means they know the exact questions to ask the caregivers to gather accurate information that will help your child's diagnosis and treatment plan. Through being children's health and wellness experts, pediatric nurses often form strong therapeutic relationships with children and their families because they believe in family-centred care.
Pediatric Nurses in the Kix360° Program
Our team of pediatric nurses practice to their full RN scope. Not only are our KixNurses the initial and primary contact within the Kix360° program, but they help support our KixFamilies throughout all health and wellness concerns. Our KixNurses provide assessments, manage illnesses and symptoms, and provide the support needed to empower our KixFamilies to prevent unnecessary trips to the emergency department.
In addition, our KixNurses are trained to triage our KixFamilies to our nurse practitioners whenever required to provide our families with the full Kix360° healthcare experience.
Sign up for a Kix360° membership to gain unlimited access to specialized pediatric care! No matter how big or small your concern is, our team of pediatric healthcare experts is here to address all your child-related queries.
Our pediatric nursing team is available 24/7 and is supported by specialized Nurse Practitioners when needed. Our team of pediatricians is available by referral as needed for consults such as mental health, dermatology, and much more. Try our service today at _URL_
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12315 errors in section 7i of the manual
@@ -96,11 +96,11 @@
 to complete before disabling persistent error handling. Closing the
 device will also disable persistent error handling and clear any errors
 or exceptions.

 The Read Operation and Write Operation subsections contain more pertinent
- information reguarding persistent error handling.
+ information regarding persistent error handling.

 Read Operation
 The read(2) function reads the next record on the tape. The record size
 is passed back as the number of bytes read, provided it is not greater
 than the number requested. When a tape mark or end of data is read, a
@@ -111,11 +111,11 @@
 behavior, where another read will fetch the first record of the next tape
 file. If the BSD behavior is required, device names containing the
 letter 'b' (for BSD behavior) in the final component should be used. If
 persistent error handling was enabled with either the BSD or SVR4 tape
 device behavior, all operations after this read error will return EIO
- errors until the MTIOCLRERR ioctl is issued. An MTFSF ioctl can then he
+ errors until the MTIOCLRERR ioctl is issued. An MTFSF ioctl can then be
 issued.

 Two successful successive reads that both return zero byte counts
 indicate EOM on the tape. No further reading should be performed past
 the EOM.
@@ -660,11 +660,11 @@

 The MTIOCREADIGNOREEOFS ioctl enables or disables support for reading
 past double EOF marks which otherwise indicate End-Of-recorded-media
 (EOM) in the case of 1/2" reel tape drives. As an argument, it takes a
 pointer to an integer. If 0 (zero) is the specified integer, then double
- EOF marks indicate End-Of-recodred-media (EOD). If 1 is the specified
+ EOF marks indicate End-Of-recorded-media (EOD). If 1 is the specified
 integer, the double EOF marks no longer indicate EOM, thus allowing
 applications to read past two EOF marks. In this case it is the
 responsibility of the application to detect end-of-recorded-media (EOM).
 The specified tape behavior will be in effect until the device is closed.

@@ -730,6 +730,6 @@
 mt(1), tar(1), dd(1M), open(2), read(2), write(2), aioread(3C),
 aiowrite(3C), ar.h(3HEAD), st(7D)

 1/4 Inch Tape Drive Tutorial

-illumos August 31, 2018 illumos
+illumos February 17, 2020 illumos


text:
This Iams ProActive Health formula has PreBiotics that work inside the digestive tract to promote healthy digestion and strong defenses. Healthy inside. Healthy outside. Iams ProActive Health Lamb & Rice formula offers complete nutrition with no by-products and fillers. Whole-body health begins with unsurpassed nutrition to promote the 7 Signs of Healthy Vitality: lamb for strong, firm muscles, rice to support healthy digestion, essential fatty acids for a soft coat, vitamins and minerals for healthy bones and joints, taurine for a healthy heart, amino acids for a healthy immune system, and crunchy kibble to maintain tartar-free healthy teeth. It's 100% complete and balanced nutrition that's 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Animal feeding tests using Association of American Feed Control Officials procedures substantiate that Iams Lamb & Rice Formula for Cats provides complete and balanced nutrition for all life stages.
Cat Feeding Guidelines:
4 lb. cat: 1/4 - 1/3 cup per day
8 lb. cat: 1/2 - 3/4 cup per day
12 lb. cat: 3/4 - 1 cup per day
16 lb. cat: 1 - 1 1/2 cups per day
22 lb. cat: 1 1/3 - 2 cups per day
These guideline amounts are a starting point and your cat may need more food depending upon age, activity, and temperament. In order to reach optimal body condition, you may need to adjust food intake. This represents the total recommended volume of food per day. You should divide the total recommended feeding amount by the number of times you feed your cat per day to get the actual portion size per feeding.
Ingredients:Chicken By-Product Meal, Corn Grits, Corn Meal, Lamb, Brewers Rice, Chicken Fat (preserved with mixed Tocopherols, a source of Vitamin E), Dried Beet Pulp, Dried Egg Product, Natural Flavor, Brewers Dried Yeast, Sodium Bisulfate, Fructooligosaccharides, Potassium Chloride, Choline Chloride, DL-Methionine, Fish Oil (preserved with mixed Tocopherols, a source of Vitamin E), Vitamins (Vitamin E Supplement, Niacin, Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin A Acetate, Calcium Pantothenate, Biotin, Thiamine Mononitrate (source of vitamin B1), Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (source of vitamin B6), Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin Supplement (source of vitamin B2), Inositol, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Folic Acid), Calcium Carbonate, Taurine, Minerals (Zinc Oxide, Manganese Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Potassium Iodide, Cobalt Carbonate), L-Carnitine, Rosemary Extract
Crude protein (min.) 32%, crude fat (min.) 14%, crude fiber (max.) 3%, moisture (max.) 10%, ash (max.) 7%, magnesium (max.) 0.1%, taurine (min.) 0.15%, L-carnitine* (min.) 80 mg/kg, omega-6 fatty acids* (min.) 1.66%, omega-3 fatty acids* (min.) 0.17%.
*Not recognized as an essential nutrient by the AAFCO Cat Food Nutrient Profiles.
Internet Price: $10.99 Today's Price: $8.99 (Save 18%)
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American DJ Aftershock Party Light
From GICL Wiki
Revision as of 00:02, 26 March 2007 by Mhaile (Talk | contribs)
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Figure 1: American DJ Aftershock
Contents
Description
The main purpose of the Aftershock is to provide beat sensitive party lighting that is capable of sufficiently lighting up a party space. The purpose of this wiki is to provide insight into the internal workings of the light.
How It Works
The Aftershock uses an internal microphone in order to capture low frequency sounds. Using a circuit board it transfers and amplifies the signal to an electric motor at the opposite end of the light. The motor is rigidly attached via a bracket assembly to a mirror, and contains a weight on its axle to provide uneven interial loading to the assembly. The shake table assembly is then bound in a neoprene diaphragm that allows relatively limited motion of the shake table.
Why It Works
Every component in the assembly has a life expectancy due wear generated by constant friction and other forces acting on the parts. This expectency varies between individual parts based on the location, direction and magnitude of the forces acting on the part and also the geometery and material compositon of the part.
For the force requirement on the gears to rotate the grind wheel at 10,000 RPM, the power consumption of the grinder was researched. From the power consumption the torque was calculated to be 0.315 Nm, which equates to about 2.61 lbs of force on the workpeice from the grind wheel. This calculates to 12.4626 N of force at the gears to rotate the grind wheel at 10,000 RPM.
To calculate the stress in the gears, a stress equation was used from the Fundamentals of Machine Components Design by Robert C. Juvinall. The velocity factor was caluated with the assumption that the gears were precision shaved and ground. The overload factor was calculated with the assumption that the source of power is uniform and the driven machinery is assumed to have moderate shock. Both gears were overhung, which gave a mounting factor of 1.25. The calculated stress in the smaller gear was 613.601 PSI and the stress in the larger gear was 442.438 PSI.
To calculate the life of the bearing a life expectancy equation was used from the Fundamentals of Machine Components Design by Robert C. Juvinall. It was found that common practice was to use a dynamic load for a like of 9X10^6 seconds. Assuming the grinder will be used constantly the bearing will last 3.33*10^7 years before failure. If the grinder will be used six hours every day, 365 days a year then the bearing will last 1.33*10^8 years. Under the more realisitic assumption that the grinder will be used six hours a day, five days a week, the bearing will last 1.86*10^8 years.
Parts
The table belows lists the Bill of Materials for the American DJ Aftershock:
Table 1: American DJ Aftershock Bill of Materials
Part # Part Name # Category Function Material Picture
1 Grounded AC Power Supply Input Allows the light to be powered off of a standard wall outlet Plastic casing with steel and copper prongs
Aftershockoutlet.jpg.png
2 Transformer Input Changes the AC power input to DC power Copper wiring used for coils
Aftershocktransformer.png
3 Internal Microphone Input Differentiates low frequencies sounds Steel with a rubber housing
Aftershockmic.png
4 Geared Motor Output Rotates the reflector Steel gears
AftershockGearedMotor.png
5 Shake Table Motor with Added Destabilizing Weight Output Allows for the motor to spin unevenly since the distribution of weight is lopsided Steel nuts, weight and screw
AftershockShakeTableAssembly.png
6 Fan with Motor Output Cool the inside of the light and prevent overheating Steel casing and fan blades
Aftershockfan.png
7 Diaphragm Structural Components Holds shake table and weighted motor in place Steel plates, nuts and screws
Rubber or neoprene for the diaphragm
AftershockDiaphragm.png
8 Reflector Other Rotates on the geared motor and the light hits the various reflective mirrors on the lens Steel Disc with glued, colored glass lenses
Aftershockreflector.png
9 Magnifying Lens Other Magnifies the light off reflected off of the reflector Glass magnifying lens
Aftershocklens.png
10 Mirror Other Redirects magnified light outward Glass Mirror with Steel Supports
Aftershockmirror.png
Engineering Specifications
The table belows details the Convective Cooling Rate of the Fan:
Table 2.1: Convective Cooling Rate for the 400-W Incandescent Bulb
1 Engineering Specification (description, target value, direction of improvement) and related User requirement. A fan is used to circulate air through the apparatus and cool the bulb. How much direct heat removal through the air (not convection/conduction/convection through the casing) is necessary for steady-state operation? The more heat that can be removed via air cooling the lower the steady state temperature inside the apparatus will be resulting in longer operating times. Therefore, the direction of improvement for this specification is increasing the convective heat transfer. The target value is a minimum of one quarter (25%) of the total heat output being removed via air cooling. This specification relates to the safety user requirement.
2 Design decisions/parameters affected Higher fan speeds, and therefore higher air flow rates, involve more expensive equipment, higher power requirements, more noise and larger forces. A balance must be struck between these considerations and the ultimate goal of heat removal. This decision will affect the maximum temperature experienced in the light, the lifetime of the circuitry, and the maximum runtime of the light without overheating.
3 Key geometric, inertia, and material properties Fan speed, inlet size, outlet size, inlet and outlet placement
4 Type of Analysis and method of obtaining results. List relevant equations and describe how they relate to the design decisions A psychrometric analysis of the air being used to cool the system was conducted to determine the amount of heat transfer out of the light via direct convection. The volumetric flow rate of the air was calculated by V= v*A, where V is the volumetric flow rate, v is the velocity of the air at the fan inlet, and A is the cross sectional area of the fan inlet. The enthalpies of the air at the inlet and outlet were found through measurements of air temperature and relative humidity followed by use of the ASME psychrometric chart. The total heat transfer in the air was then determined by multiplying the mass flow rate of air (calculated by m=V/v, where m is the mass flow rate, V is the volumetric flow rate, and v is the specific volume of air at the inlet) by the change in enthalpy between the inlet and outlet per unit mass (Q= m*(houtlet-hinlet)), where Q is the rate of heat transfer, m is the mass flow rate, and h is the enthalpy of the air at various sites). The total heat generated by the bulb was equal to 0.95 times the bulb wattage (incandescent bulbs convert 95% of their input energy into waste heat).
5 Boundary Conditions and Loading No significant mechanical stresses were placed on the system in this analysis. The light bulb presented a thermal load of 380W.
6 Quantitative Results (plots, calculations). How do these relate back to the engineering specifications? How do they verify the quality of the design? Experimental observations of the aftershock under steady-state operating conditions showed the inlet velocity to be 2.55 m/s (Inlet diameter was 10.16 cm). The inlet temperature was 20.8oC with a relative humidity of 34.7 %; this led to an inlet enthalpy of 35 kJ/kg. The outlet temperature was 24.8oC with a relative humidity of 26.7 %; these conditions specify an outlet enthalpy of 39.5 kJ/kg. Once all data was calculated as described above it was found that the convective heat transfer out of the system via air cooling was approximately 112 W. This represents approximately 29.4% of the total thermal load of the system. Therefore, the remaining 268 W of thermal loading are being dissipated through the metal casing of the system.
7 What changes could be made to improve the quality of this design with respect to this engineering specification? What trade-offs would this introduce? The use of a higher fan speed would allow for a higher mass flow rate of air through the system. This would result in a higher amount of convective heat transfer out of the light, and therefore a lower operating temperature. However, given that the light can already run uninterrupted for hours at a time the costs associated with installing a more powerful fan likely do not make it a worthwhile investment.
The table belows explains the caclation of the force on the gears:
Table 2.2: Force on gears
1 Engineering Specification (description, target value, direction of improvement) and related User requirement. Force on the Gears in a tangential direction, the target value is the lowest possible value to achieve 10,000 rpm at the grind wheel, direction of improvement is ↓, the user requirements related are tool life and grinding ability.
2 Design decisions/parameters affected Torque required at the motor, type of gears used, design of gears
3 Key geometric, inert


Supervision, Mentoring & Coaching
Supervision is an integral aspect of professional practice and continued professional development. Cultural supervision allows for a deeper understanding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures to assist in the facilitation of positive engagement and healing for clients.
Professional supervision can provide the following services:
 - Specific case discussion and guidance
 - Facilitate greater levels of cultural awareness
 - Development of practical skills and appropriate strategies for healing
 - Understanding of cultural perspectives regarding social and emotional wellbeing
Mentoring and coaching is a key aspect of professional development for all professionals from those new to the field through to experienced practitioners. Marumali Consultations can assist with cultural mentoring for professionals seeking guidance and the development of practical skills for effective engagement with others from diverse cultural backgrounds. This process is undertaken in a manner that is tailored to each professional's needs, meeting individuals where they are in terms of knowledge and skill set. Accordingly, this process allows for professionals to progress in positive and supported space.
We provide structured and tailored supervision for workers in Health and Human Services. We specialise in culturally appropriate supervision, mentoring and coaching for Aboriginal workers working in non-indigenous organisations or government departments, as well as offering cultural supervision and coaching for non-indigenous workers who work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and communities.


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Need help with a technical matter?
If you need information regarding storage and handling of LPG, contact Tervas Gas on _PHONE_ and we will be happy to guide you.
What is LPG?
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a colourless odourless liquid which readily evaporates into a gas. Normally an odourant has been added to it to help detect leaks.
LPG (either Butane or Propane), is generally stored and distributed as a liquid and it is widely used for process and space heating, cooking and automotive propulsion. It is classified as highly flammable.
The approved Codes of Practice apply to the Safe Storage of LPG are:
- I.S. 3213: Code of Practice for the Storage of LPG Cylinders and Cartridges
- I.S. 3216 Part 1: Code of Practice for the Bulk Storage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas: (this also covers filling of forklift cylinders)
- I.S. 3216 Part 2: Code of Practice for the Bulk Storage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas: Specific requirements for Liquefied Petroleum Gas refuelling facilities where a dispenser is used


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, but it becomes quicker at night when foraging for food, and when being blown by the wind, the origin of the Thai name "Ling Lom". When startled, it will cover its face with its arms, the origin of another Thai name, "Nang Ai". It is not often that they show themselves in Khao Yai National Park.
Scientific Name : Arctictis binturong
This carnivore is a viverrid in the same family as civets and genets. Its face resembles a bear and it is sometimes called a "bearcat", in Thai "Meekhor". It has a thick coat of coarse black hair. The tail is bushy like a squirrel, earning another Thai name, "Mee-krarork". The tail is prehensile and able to grip branches. The ears are rounded and terminated by tufts of black hair. Hair on the head is grey, but some binturongs have white hair on their face. They mostly forage at night and rest by day in tree hollows or bushes. Usually solitary, it is possible to sometimes to see a small group, such as a mother with a pup. Its diet is fruit, insects and small reptiles. It is an exceptional tree-climber with its prehensile tail gripping one branch after another. It can also swim well. Like the loris, it is rather rare in Khao Yai National Park.


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Some inventions are creations of convenience, like the Snap-a-Loop media device holder. Some are fun, like BrickStix. Some are useful in very specific ways, like SnapIt Screw eyeglass repair and the E-sort potato sorter. And some have enormous social potential, like adjustable focus eyeglasses.
The Pacifier Activated Lullaby, or PAL, is a niche invention that falls into that last category, in a marvelous and touching way. Developed by music professor Jayne Standley at Florida State University to help premature babies learn the proper muscle movements to be able to suck and feed.
According to the PAL page at Florida State University,"More than 500,000 premature babies are born in the United States every year, each requiring significant medical treatment to ensure their survival and minimize life-long health challenges."
Officially, the "Pacifier Activated Lullaby (PAL®) is an FDA-approved, patented system that utilizes music reinforcement therapy to stimulate non-nutritive sucking and the breathe-suck-swallow reflex in pre-term infants." And results are already producing shorter-term hospital stays with a commensurate reduction in hospitalization costs (on average saving $10,000 per infant) and a higher likelihood that premature babies will thrive once they leave the hospital.
IEEE-Spectrum gives some interesting technical details. "The pacifier is outfitted with proprietary piezo sensing technology that detects the baby's sucking motion. Feedback algorithms determine when the motion is correct, and a signal is sent via wire to a speaker that plays a soothing song when the baby gets the breathe-suck-swallow reflex right. The system can be calibrated to each baby's needs."
Check PAL out at _URL_


Tools And Methods
Who pays tax? The teacher, the vendor and the farmer.
The facilitator uses a series of questions to three taxpayers (a teacher, a market vendor and a farmer) to introduce the idea of different tax payments.
 1. To explore how almost everyone pays tax.
 2. To introduce two tax payment types, on things you earn and things you buy.
Steps in the process
 1. The facilitator recaps what tax is: Tax is a compulsory contribution of money from people and businesses to their government to help pay for common services such as education and health.
 2. The facilitator asks three volunteers (if possible, participants who know real examples first hand) to play the role of: a teacher, a market vendor and a home farmer.
 3. The facilitator now asks each participant: do you pay tax?
 - If they say yes, ask which ones and write them down in a list (e.g. VAT, PAYE, profit tax, import/export taxes, land rents, market fees).
 - If someone says no, ask them if they buy products in the local market and briefly introduce the idea of VAT (Value Added Tax), which is a tax paid when we buy.
 4. The facilitator may want to summarise that there are two types of taxes, both taxes go to the national government (not the employer or the seller):
 - The ones you pay for earning money from your work.
 - The ones you pay when you buy a product like soap that are included in the price.
 5. The facilitator can conclude by asking:
 - Do participants know of anyone who does not pay tax?
 - Which of these two taxes do people most know they are paying?
 6. [Optional]: The facilitator may also want to ask:
 - Do men and women pay the same taxes? Which taxes does the group think affect women the most, taxes on things we earn, or taxes on things we buy? And the youth? This will depend on the type of activities they do and the different goods they buy.
Tip to the facilitator: People don't often realise they are paying tax when buying and that it's making prices higher. This means they get less angry about it.
Moving to action
 - Is there any action point you may want to do based on this tool?
 - 'A Day in the Life of a Tax Payer', 2013, Seatini and ActionAid Uganda.
Here you can download some useful resources.
We have used this tool or method
Used in these toolboxes


Nebraska allocation of lottery funds for education programs advanced
Lawmakers gave first-round approval March 24 to a bill that would allocate approximately $100 million in lottery funds to education-related programs over the next five years.
The state Department of Revenue estimates that $21.2 million in lottery funds will be directed to education programs in FY2021-22, $21.7 million in FY2022-23 and $22.1 million in FY2023-24.
Under one new program, the Educational Service Unit Coordinating Council would ensure that annual, evidence-based behavioral awareness and intervention training is available statewide and develop, implement and administer a statewide teacher support system beginning in school year 2021-22.
Beginning with the 2023-24 school year, school districts would ensure that teachers, administrators, paraprofessionals, school nurses and counselors receive the training.
LB529 also would direct funds to a new mental health training grant program administered by the state Department of Education.
The Nebraska Opportunity Grant Fund, which provides financial aid to low-income Nebraska residents enrolled at postsecondary educational institutions, would receive the largest allocation at 58 percent, down from the 62 percent allocation it received for fiscal years 2016-17 through 2020-21.
An Education Committee amendment, adopted 29-6, would add an element to the proposed behavioral awareness and intervention training. It would require at least 30 minutes of training dedicated to understanding the duties, rights and responsibilities outlined in the Student Discipline Act and case law addressing student behavior.
The amendment also would create a grant program for students who graduate from an accredited education program at a state youth rehabilitation and treatment center or from a public or private high school within one year of being discharged from a YRTC.
Those students could receive up to $5,000 per year to attend a Nebraska postsecondary educational institution if they meet certain requirements.
"This is a great opportunity to help these kids turn their life around, go to college at least part time and enter the workforce," Walz said.
Sen. Patty Pansing Brooks of Lincoln supported the committee amendment and the bill. If LB529 does not pass, she said, the Nebraska Opportunity Grant program will end in June, leaving Nebraska without a need-based financial aid program for students who attend state postsecondary institutions.
"It's critical, in my mind, to make college education more accessible and more affordable to Nebraska students in need," Pansing Brooks said.
Omaha Sen. John Cavanaugh also supported the bill. He said the proposed mental health training grant program could help reduce prison overcrowding by helping teachers identify the signs and symptoms of mental illness in students.
"Early intervention leads to better results, better long-term outcomes for people," Cavanaugh said. "[A] number of people who find themselves in the criminal justice system didn't get any access to mental health care until they got into the criminal justice system."
Sen. Dave Murman of Glenvil introduced an amendment containing many provisions of his LB673. The amendment would authorize teachers and other school personnel to use reasonable physical intervention to manage student behavior to protect themselves, the student or another person from physical injury.
Under Murman's proposal, teachers or other school personnel would not be subject to professional or administrative discipline for physical intervention or removal of a student from a class if they acted in a reasonable manner and in accordance with school policy.
It also would direct each school district to provide behavioral awareness and intervention training to administrators, teachers, paraprofessionals, school nurses and counselors beginning in school year 2021-22.
Murman said the amendment would provide funding to each school district and allow them to choose their own training program rather than rely on ESUs.
North Platte Sen. Mike Groene supported the amendment, saying it would protect teachers from being fired or suspended for defending themselves or others from a student who becomes violent.
Walz opposed Murman's amendment, saying ESUs could provide the training more effectively and efficiently. Additionally, Walz said, the teacher support system proposed in the committee amendment would provide teachers ongoing support after they receive training.
Murman later withdrew the amendment but said he would introduce a similar one during the second round of debate.
After adopting a technical amendment, senators voted 28-6 to advance LB529 to select file.


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Alternate Names: Spherocobaltite, CoCO3, Cobalt(II) carbonate
A pinkish-tan powder. It is a strong colorant and almost always produces blue in glazes (unless in very high percentages where it is black). Cobalt carbonate is an extremely active melter (even more than cobalt oxide), in a mix of 50% Ferro frit 3134 it will boil at cone 6. The carbonate form of cobalt is very fine-grained and disperses better in the glaze slurry and the glaze melt, it gives a more evenly distributed color than cobalt oxide. However, as with any carbonate, it produces gases as it decomposes and these can cause pinholes or blisters in glazes if they need to escape at the time when the glaze needs to solidify. The carbonate form contains less CoO (63% CoO vs. commercial cobalt oxide which is not actually 100% CoO but around 93%).
Supplies of this material often differ in the shade of the raw powder (lighter and darker). This is because available grades of Cobalt Carbonate are not actually CoCO3 but a mix of the carbonate and the hydroxide. Cobalt II carbonate theoretically would have the formula: CoCO3.3Co(OH)2.H2O.
The theoretical oxide form has 93% CoO while this has 63%. So if you want to switch from the oxide to the carbonate in a recipe, multiply by 93 and divide by 63. To switch from carbonate to oxide multiply by 63 and divide by 93. But remember that this will be approximate (for reasons discussed above and on the cobalt oxide page), you will likely need to fine-tune the amount based on fired results. In addition, the quality of the color may be different. Consider using a stain as a better solution.
Manufacturer information sheets often quote the percentage of Co instead of CoO (thus a lower amount in the range of 45-47%. Trace elements like Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mg are quoted but none are in large enough amounts to worry about in ceramics. Na can be 0.5%. Products are sold based on Co content, higher purity grades may have only 1 or 2% higher Co content. Particle size can be about 2.5 microns.
The carbonate is produced from a liquid reaction between cobalt II acetate and sodium carbonate to produce red-violet crystals that are recovered by filtration. The material is insoluble in cold water but will decompose in hot water.
Metallic oxides with 50% Ferro frit 3134 in crucibles at cone 6ox. Chrome and rutile have not melted, copper and cobalt are extremely active melters. Cobalt and copper have crystallized during cooling, manganese has formed an iridescent glass.
Cobalt carbonate (top) and copper carbonate (bottom). Left is the raw powder plastic-formed into a sample (with 2% veegum). Right: fired to 1850F. The CuCO3 is quickly densifying over the past 100 degrees and should begin to melt soon. It is long past the fuming stage.
This glaze has a significant amount of cobalt carbonate and during cooling the excess is precipitating out into pink crystals during cooling in the kiln. This effect is unwanted because in this case since it produces an unpleasant surface and color (the photo does not clearly show how pink it is). This problem can be fixed by a combination of cooling the kiln faster, increasing the Al2O3 content in the glaze (it stiffens the melt and prevents crystal growth) or firing lower.
Generic materials are those with no brand name. Normally they are theoretical, the chemistry portrays what a specimen would be if it had no contamination. Generic materials are helpful in educational situations where students need to study material theory (later they graduate to dealing with real world materials). They are also helpful where the chemistry of an actual material is not known. Often the accuracy of calculations is sufficient using generic materials.
Metallic based materials that impart fired color to glazes and bodies.
|CoO - Cobalt Oxide
SDS Arlimin Cobalt Carbonate
|Frit Softening Point
|Density (Specific Gravity)
|By Tony Hansen
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The Rapier Duel in Sixteenth Century Italy
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The duel was a complex institution, intertwined with honor and Western society. The author begins with the setting, sixteenth-century Italy, and continues on to the very particular weapon of the rapier. There are four questions this paper asks. The first is, "What did people at the time mean by the word 'honor'?" The second question is, "What did a duel look like?" The third question is, "What is a rapier?" The final question is, "What did people at the time think of these duels?"


text: SIMILIAR STUDY, DIFFERENT BALL: Kinesiologists at Purdue University used the principles of physics to explain why a fastball pitch in baseball is hard to hit and how a curveball gets its motion. A batter often underestimates how fast a ball is moving and whether it's a fastball or not. This causes the player to misjudge where the ball and bat will meet. After the pitch is thrown, the batter must predict where the ball will pass through the hitting area. If the player has underestimated the speed of the ball, he or she will swing too low, at the place where he or she thought the ball would be. The greater the difference between the estimate and the actual speed of the pitch, the greater this error becomes, making it harder to hit a fastball. To achieve a curveball, the pitcher spins the ball, causing the air to move faster on one side of the ball, creating a pressure difference. This causes the ball to push to one side and curve in that direction. Most pitchers spin the ball so that the downward motion of a curveball is much greater than any horizontal movement.


Photo of chorizo sausage on a chopping board
Antibiotic residues in 'uncured' sausages such as chorizo, pepperoni and salami may kill friendly bacteria that keeps the meat fresh
Antibiotic residues in sausage meat increase the likelihood of food poisoning
28 August, 2012
Natural Health News — Antibiotic residues in uncured pepperoni or salami meat are potent enough to weaken helpful bacteria that processors add to acidify the sausage and make it safe for consumption
Sausage manufacturers commonly treat sausage meat with lactic-acid-producing bacteria to control the fermentation process so that the final product is acidic enough to kill pathogens that might have existed in the raw meat. Sausages such as like pepperoni, salami, or chorizo are commonly treated this way. But, by killing the bacteria that produce lactic acid, antibiotic residues can allow pathogenic bacteria to proliferate.
Fermented sausages have occasionally been known to cause serious bacterial infections, but it's never been understood why.
Now in a laboratory study published in the online journal mBio, researchers at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and University College Cork, Ireland, found that antibiotic concentrations within limits set by US and European Union (EU) regulators are high enough to slow fermentation, the process that acidifies the sausages and helps destroy foodborne pathogens like Salmonella or E. coli.
The results show antibiotics can potentially have a paradoxical effect by reducing the effectiveness of bacteria that should make the sausages safe but not affecting the bacteria that can cause food poisoning.
Antibiotics used on the farm to blame
So how can we be sure antibiotic residues don't interfere with the safety of these products?
The ultimate solution would be to address the problem at source by eliminating the use of antibiotics as growth promoters on the farm and closely monitoring the use of antibiotics in treating farm animal diseases.
The European Union and other countries have banned the use of antibiotics in livestock as growth promoters, though the US remains reluctant to follow suit. However it should be pointed out that the sausage meat samples in this study still had enough antibiotic residues to cause problems. This may be because some unscrupulous farmers 'treat' their livestock with antibiotics when they aren't really sick.
What's in a cure?
The curing process for meat was created out of the need to keep it from spoiling during storage. Curing agents also give these meats a specific flavour that is hard to imitate without them. This is why organic certifiers, controversially, say they allow nitrites and nitrates in organic bacon and other cured meats.
For centuries salt and saltpetre were used to cure meat. Today there are many different levels of curing and in reality even those meat that claim to be 'uncured' have gone through some kind of curing process such as lactic acid fermentation.
Some will still contain nitrates because natural curing agents like celery, beet and spinach juice as well as sugar and sea salt also naturally contain nitrites (which can convert to nitrates). During treatment with natural curing agents the true amount of nitrate formed is unknown and impossible to measure because nitrite reacts quickly with meat components.
In reality most uncured meats are simply those that don't have sodium nitrate or sodium nitrite specifically added as preservatives.
So is cured meat 'better'?
Whatever the advantages in terms of food preservation, cured meat is still problematic from a health perspective.
Under certain not entirely predictable conditions, the natural breakdown products of proteins known as amines can combine with nitrites preservatives to form compounds known as nitrosamines.
Nitrosamines are the same chemicals found in cigarette smoke. There are many different types of nitrosamines, most of which are known carcinogens. Cooking both cured and uncured meats at a very high heat (as in frying) may promote the formation of nitrosamines called heterocyclic amines, or HCAs.
A cancer risk
Most recently the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) has concluded that consumption of cured meats is a big risk factor for bowel cancer.
The joint WCRF/AICRS 540-page report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of cancer: a Global Perspective was produced by a large expert panel of scientists from around the world and found convincing evidence of the link between the foods we eat and several types of cancer. Some of its recommendations can be found in a user-friendly format here.
Specifically it found that including just 1.8 ounces of processed meat a day – the equivalent of one sausage or three pieces of bacon – raises your risk of developing bowel cancer by 20%.
In 20011 an update and review of the evidence by WCRF prompted this conclusion:
"There is strong evidence that … processed meats are causes of bowel cancer, and that there is no amount of processed meat that can be confidently shown not to increase risk …Try to avoid processed meats such as bacon, ham, salami, corned beef and some sausages."
Rethinking cured and uncured meats
Diets high in processed meats tend to displace healthier foods with known cancer-fighting properties such as fruits and vegetables and unprocessed grains and pulses.
In addition to bowel cancer, other studies have also found that processed meats increase your risk of colon cancer by 50%, bladder cancer by 60%, stomach cancer by 38%, pancreatic cancer by 67%,
Processed meats may also increase your risk of diabetes by 50%, as well as increasing your risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Although the current research on uncured meats is preliminary it does underscore the fact that both cured and uncured meats are probably best left as a minimal part of the diet, if they are eaten at all.


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Beta Hone ki Dua in Quran: The birth of a child, particularly a son, is a cherished desire for many parents. In the Islamic faith, children are considered a blessing from Allah (SWT), and the arrival of a son is often seen as a source of joy and continuation of the family lineage.
While the gender of a child is ultimately in the hands of Allah, Muslims are encouraged to supplicate and seek His blessings for a son through dua (prayer). This article explores the concept of beta hone ki dua in the Quran and provides guidance on the significance of this prayer in Islamic tradition. Let's delve into the importance of this dua and its role in seeking Allah's blessings for the birth of a son.
The Significance of Children in Islamic Faith:
Children hold a special place in the Islamic faith as a means of carrying on the family legacy and contributing to society. Both sons and daughters are considered a gift from Allah, and their arrival brings joy and fulfillment to parents. While the desire for a son is natural, it is essential to remember that the ultimate decision lies with Allah, who knows what is best for His creation.
The Power of Dua in Islamic Practice:
Dua, or supplication, is an integral part of Islamic practice. It is a means of communication between believers and Allah (SWT), allowing them to express their desires, seek guidance, and seek His blessings. Muslims are encouraged to engage in dua regularly, acknowledging their reliance on Allah's mercy and seeking His intervention in various aspects of life. Dua serves as a powerful tool to establish a connection with the Creator and seek His favor and blessings.
Beta Hone Ki Dua in the Quran:
Although there is no specific dua mentioned in the Quran for the purpose of having a son, believers can turn to various verses for guidance and inspiration. The Quran encourages Muslims to seek Allah's favor, mercy, and blessings in all matters of life. When desiring the birth of a son, individuals can recite heartfelt prayers in their own words, seeking Allah's guidance and His blessings for the gift of a righteous and pious son.
Emphasizing Trust and Acceptance:
While desiring a son is natural, it is crucial to approach beta hone ki dua with trust and acceptance of Allah's decree. Muslims should remember that Allah's plan is perfect, and His wisdom surpasses human understanding. Therefore, it is important to trust in His divine wisdom and embrace His will, knowing that He knows what is best for His creation. Expressing gratitude for whatever blessings Allah bestows is a testament to one's faith and submission to His guidance.
Strengthening the Relationship with Allah:
The Beta Hone ki Dua in Quran allows Muslims to strengthen their relationship with Allah (SWT) and surrender their desires to His divine will. By engaging in this supplication, believers demonstrate their trust in Allah's plan and their reliance on His mercy and guidance. It is an opportunity to deepen one's faith, seek spiritual growth, and develop a closer connection with the Creator.
Desiring the birth of a son is a common aspiration for many parents, and in the Islamic faith, dua plays a significant role in seeking Allah's blessings and guidance. Although there is no specific dua mentioned in the Quran for having a son, Muslims can turn to the teachings of the Quran for inspiration and guidance in their supplications.
It is essential to approach beta hone ki dua with trust, acceptance, and gratitude, knowing that Allah's plan is perfect and His wisdom is beyond human comprehension. Let us embrace the power of dua, seeking Allah's blessings and mercy in all aspects of our lives, including the desire for the birth of a son, and


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The New York City Council released a study today entitled, "The Middle Class Squeeze," a report that details how New York City's middle class is shrinking as a percentage of the city's working-age population.
The study – which uses the Area Median Income (AMI) standard developed by the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to define the middle class – outlines the striking economic challenges for New York City's middle-class families.
Most remarkably, the study found New York City is one of the most expensive places to live in the country: Manhattan and Brooklyn ranked first and second with the most expensive housing costs out of 300 U.S. metropolitan areas. Queens ranked seventh.
In sheer numbers, the city's middle class has seen growth between 1989 and 2012, gaining 129,000 middle class adults.
However, the number of middle-class residents as a percentage of the total population has gotten smaller, as well as the overall median income of middle-class residents (see chart).
In addition, the number of poor residents in the City has grown significantly, causing what researchers are terming the "hollow in the middle" effect, where the middle gives way to a heavier top and bottom.
The City's share of residents who are college-educated or better is higher than the nation as a whole.
But the percentage of the population without a high school diploma fell, as well as those associated with the middle-educated section of the City's population – those with some college population or an associate degree, reflecting the same "hollow in the middle" income polarization.
Also, between 1989 and 2012 the City's middle class also has grown more diverse, a trend that largely reflects the growing Hispanic and Asian populations in the city. However, although the chance that an African-American, Hispanic or Asian was in the middle class remained relatively stable throughout the period, the representation of African-American and Hispanic middle-class households has fallen.
The report also found:
- Jobs paying middle class wages are increasingly scarce.
- Since 2001, median rents for middle class households rose by 6.2%, the price of a condominium apartment increased by 47%.
- New York City's middle class unemployment rate is 6.2%, three times higher than it was in 2008 and 75% higher than in 1989.
- In 1989, more than half of the city's working age high school graduates were in the middle class. Today only a third are in the middle class.
"Clearly the middle class wants to be here, but it's getting harder to stay," said Council Speaker Christine C. Quinn. "This report demonstrates the need to address long-term housing costs, develop opportunities for middle class workers and help create a New York City that middle class families continue to seek out as a place to call home."
To read the report online, please visit _URL_.


Lift-off of a single particle in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids by direct numerical simulation
N. A. Patankar, P. Y. Huang, T. Ko and D. D. Joseph
Abstract
In this paper we study the lift-off to equilibrium of a single circular particle in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids by direct numerical simulation. A particle heavier than the fluid is driven forward on the bottom of a channel by a plane Poiseuille flow. After a certain critical Reynolds number the particle rises from the wall to an equilibrium height at which the buoyant weight just balances the upward thrust from the hydrodynamic force. The aim of the calculation is the determination of the critical lift-off condition and the evolution of the height, velocity and angular velocity of the particle as a function of the pressure gradient and material and geometric parameters. The critical Reynolds number for lift-off is found to be larger for a heavier particle whereas it is lower for a particle in a viscoelastic fluid. The equilibrium height increases with the Reynolds number, the fluid elasticity and the slip angular velocity of the particle. Simulations of single particle lift-off at higher Reynolds numbers in a Newtonian fluid show multiple steady states and hysteresis loops. This is shown to be due to the presence of two turning points of the equilibrium height as a function of the Reynolds number. A general data structure for the interrogation of direct numerical simulations for information necessary for the evaluation of models of lift is proposed.
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 Postscript, part 1 Postscript, part 2

February 2000.
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to ensure even browning and to prevent burning. Patience in this step is key.
- Aroma Indicator: The rich, nutty aroma is a sign that the besan is properly roasted. Watch for this fragrance as you stir.
4.2 Achieving the Right Texture:
- Ghee Matters: Use good-quality ghee for that distinctive taste and melt-in-the-mouth texture.
- Consistency is Key: Stir continuously when mixing the ghee and besan. This ensures a cohesive mixture that's easy to shape.
4.3 Balancing Sweetness:
- Measure Wisely: Be mindful when adding sugar. Start with less and gradually increase to achieve your desired level of sweetness.
4.4 Shaping with Finesse:
- Cooling Period: Allow the mixture to cool slightly before shaping the laddus. This prevents burning your hands and aids in shaping.
- Greasing Hands: Grease your palms lightly with ghee or oil to prevent sticking while shaping.
4.5 Garnishing Grace:
- Gentle Pressing: If adding garnishes like chopped nuts, gently press them onto the laddus to ensure they adhere.
- Artful Decor: Use saffron strands sparingly for an elegant touch of color on top.
4.6 Storing Wisdom:
- Airtight Guardians: Store your Besan Laddus in an airtight container to preserve their freshness and prevent moisture absorption.
- Room Temperature: Laddus can be stored at room temperature for several days. Ghee and sugar act as natural preservatives.
4.7 Experimenting with Flavors:
- Flavorful Additions: Get creative with flavorings. Try incorporating crushed nuts, cardamom, saffron, or even dried fruits to personalize your laddus.
4.8 Sharing the Love:
- Gift of Love: Besan Laddus make thoughtful gifts for special occasions. Share them with friends and family to spread sweetness and joy.
Remember, each batch of Besan Laddu you create is a reflection of your culinary prowess and a tribute to the rich heritage of Indian sweets. With these tips in mind, you're well-equipped to master the art of crafting laddus that not only tantalize the taste buds but also evoke a sense of tradition and connection. In the next section, we'll explore ways to create healthier versions of this beloved treat without compromising on taste.
Indulging in the rich flavors of Besan Laddu doesn't have to mean compromising your health-conscious choices. With a few simple adjustments, you can create Besan Laddus that are equally delicious and a bit more health-friendly. Here's how:
5.1 Choosing Better Ingredients:
- Whole Wheat Flour: Consider using whole wheat flour or a mix of chickpea flour and whole wheat flour to add fiber and nutrients to your laddus.
- Natural Sweeteners: Opt for natural sweeteners like jaggery or honey instead of refined sugar for a more wholesome sweetness.
5.2 Reducing Ghee:
- Moderation: While ghee adds richness, you can reduce the quantity to lower the fat content. Experiment with using a bit less ghee to find the right balance.
5.3 Nutty Crunch:
- Nut Varieties: Incorporate a variety of nuts like almonds, walnuts, and flaxseeds for added nutritional value and a delightful crunch.
5.4 Portion Control:
- Smaller Laddus: Create smaller-sized laddus to enjoy the flavor without overindulging. This also makes sharing easier during festive occasions.
5.5 Mindful Enjoyment:
- Savor Each Bite: Slow down and savor the flavors as you enjoy your laddu. Mindful eating allows you to appreciate every nuance.
5.6 Balanced Treat:
- Incorporate Protein: Add protein-rich ingredients like chia seeds or ground nuts to enhance the nutritional profile of your laddus.
5.7 Gluten-Free Options:
- Chickpea Flour Base: Stick to chickpea flour for a gluten-free alternative. Ensure all other ingredients are also gluten-free.
5.8 Subtle Flavors:
- Natural Flavors: Embrace the natural flavors of the ingredients by using less flavorings or avoiding artificial additives.
By making these simple adjustments, you can create Besan Laddus that align with your health goals while still capturing the essence of this beloved Indian sweet. The journey of crafting Besan Laddus becomes an exploration of mindful eating and culinary creativity, offering a delightful balance of tradition and well-being.
In the concluding section, we'll reflect on the significance of Besan Laddus in Indian culture and how they transcend their culinary role to become a symbol of joy, togetherness, and celebration.
Besan Laddu for Festivals:
Besan Laddu for Festivals:
Besan Laddus hold a special place in the heart of Indian festivals, where they transcend their role as delectable treats to become symbols of tradition, love, and celebration. Let's delve into the significance of Besan Laddus during festive occasions:
6.1 Diwali – The Festival of Lights:
- Symbol of Prosperity: During Diwali, the Festival of Lights, Besan Laddus are exchanged as tokens of good fortune and prosperity. Their golden hue mirrors the radiance of the oil lamps that illuminate homes.
6.2 Bonding and Sharing:
- Gesture of Affection: Sharing Besan Laddus with family, friends, and neighbors strengthens bonds and spreads joy during festive gatherings.
- Gifting Delight: Gifting a box of homemade Besan Laddus is a heartfelt gesture that shows you care.
6.3 Ritual and Tradition:
- Offerings to Deities: Besan Laddus are often offered to deities during prayers and rituals, symbolizing devotion and gratitude.
6.4 Culinary Heritage:
- Passing Down Traditions: The art of making Besan Laddus is often passed down through generations, preserving culinary heritage and creating connections between family members.
6.5 Nostalgia and Memories:
- Reminiscing Childhood: Besan Laddus evoke memories of childhood, of festive excitement, and the joy of indulging in homemade treats.
6.6 A Culmination of Flavors and Emotions:
- Unity of Flavors: Just as festivals bring people together, Besan Laddus unite flavors in a harmonious blend that mirrors the unity of celebrations.
- Emotional Significance: Beyond taste, Besan Laddus carry an emotional significance that transcends their ingredients.
As you prepare and enjoy Besan Laddus during festivals, remember that you're not just crafting a dessert; you're nurturing tradition, embracing culture, and fostering connections. Through the art of creating and sharing Besan Laddus, you're weaving a tapestry of love and celebration that resonates through time and generations.


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Alabama Smith in the Quest of Fate is a hidden-object game that was first released in 2009. It is one of the games in the Alabama Smith series. Alabama Smith is an archaeologist who gets to visit different scenes in the past in order to solve different kinds of mysteries. This is possible through the use of a magical amulet. Items that need to be found are located at the bottom part of the main window. Tasks that players must complete are located at the bottom right. In this game, Alabama and his girlfriend are on a mission to find the Crystals of Fortune.
Aside from the hidden object aspect of the game, players also get the chance to solve different kinds of puzzles. Players must also find items that will be added to their inventory. These items will be useful throughout the game. Whenever players are stuck looking for an item in the game, players can use the hint feature. There is no limit to the amount of hints that the player can use, but players need to wait for the hint to recharge before using it again. The game also features several endings, so players can replay the game and get a totally different result.


c{2x}{x^2+y^2}\hat{\mathbf j}\) is the velocity field of a fluid. How fast is the fluid moving at point \((1,−1)\)? (Assume the units of speed are meters per second.)
 Solution
 To find the velocity of the fluid at point \((1,−1)\), substitute the point into \(\vecs{v} \):
 \(\vecs{v}(1,−1)=\dfrac{−2(−1)}{1+1}\hat{\mathbf i}+\dfrac{2(1)}{1+1}\hat{\mathbf j}=\hat{\mathbf i}+\hat{\mathbf j}\).
 The speed of the fluid at \((1,−1)\) is the magnitude of this vector. Therefore, the speed is \(||\hat{\mathbf i}+\hat{\mathbf j}||=\sqrt{2}\) m/sec.
 Exercise \(\PageIndex{5}\)
 Vector field \(\vecs{v} (x,y)=⟨4|x|,\,1⟩\) models the velocity of water on the surface of a river. What is the speed of the water at point \((2,3)\)? Use meters per second as the units.
 Hint
 Remember, speed is the magnitude of velocity.
 Answer
 \(\sqrt{65}\) m/sec
 We have examined vector fields that contain vectors of various magnitudes, but just as we have unit vectors, we can also have a unit vector field. A vector field \(\vecs{F}\) is a unit vector field if the magnitude of each vector in the field is 1. In a unit vector field, the only relevant information is the direction of each vector.
 Example \(\PageIndex{6}\): A Unit Vector Field
 Show that vector field \(\vecs{F} (x,y)=\left\langle\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}},−\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}\right\rangle\) is a unit vector field.
 Solution
 To show that \(\vecs{F}\) is a unit field, we must show that the magnitude of each vector is \(1\). Note that
 \[\begin{align*} \sqrt{ \left(\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}\right)^2+\left(−\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}\right)^2} &=\sqrt{ \dfrac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{x^2}{x^2+y^2}} \\[4pt] &=\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{x^2+y^2}} \\[4pt] &=1 \end{align*}\]
 Therefore, \(\vecs{F} \) is a unit vector field.
 Exercise \(\PageIndex{6}\)
 Is vector field \(\vecs{F} (x,y)=⟨−y,\,x⟩\) a unit vector field?
 Hint
 Calculate the magnitude of \(\vecs{F} \) at an arbitrary point \((x,y)\).
 Answer
 No.
 Why are unit vector fields important? Suppose we are studying the flow of a fluid, and we care only about the direction in which the fluid is flowing at a given point. In this case, the speed of the fluid (which is the magnitude of the corresponding velocity vector) is irrelevant, because all we care about is the direction of each vector. Therefore, the unit vector field associated with velocity is the field we would study.
 If \(\vecs{F} =⟨P,Q,R⟩\) is a vector field, then the corresponding unit vector field is \(\big\langle\tfrac{P}{||\vecs F||},\tfrac{Q}{||\vecs F||},\tfrac{R}{||\vecs F||}\big\rangle\). Notice that if \(\vecs{F}(x,y)=⟨y,\,−x⟩\) is the vector field from Example \(\PageIndex{6}\), then the magnitude of \(\vecs{F} \) is \(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\), and therefore the corresponding unit vector field is the field \(\vecs{G} \) from the previous example.
 If \(\vecs{F} \) is a vector field, then the process of dividing \(\vecs{F} \) by its magnitude to form unit vector field \(\vecs{F}/||\vecs{F}||\) is called normalizing the field \(\vecs{F} \).
 Vector Fields in \(ℝ^3\)
 We have seen several examples of vector fields in \(ℝ^2\); let's now turn our attention to vector fields in \(ℝ^3\). These vector fields can be used to model gravitational or electromagnetic fields, and they can also be used to model fluid flow or heat flow in three dimensions. A two-dimensional vector field can really only model the movement of water on a two-dimensional slice of a river (such as the river's surface). Since a river flows through three spatial dimensions, to model the flow of the entire depth of the river, we need a vector field in three dimensions.
 The extra dimension of a three-dimensional field can make vector fields in \(ℝ^3\) more difficult to visualize, but the idea is the same. To visualize a vector field in \(ℝ^3\), plot enough vectors to show the overall shape. We can use a similar method to visualizing a vector field in \(ℝ^2\) by choosing points in each octant.
 Just as with vector fields in \(ℝ^2\), we can represent vector fields in \(ℝ^3\) with component functions. We simply need an extra component function for the extra dimension. We write either
 \[\vecs{F}(x,y,z)=⟨P(x,y,z),Q(x,y,z),R(x,y,z)⟩\]
 or
 \[\vecs{F}(x,y,z)=P(x,y,z)\hat{\mathbf i}+Q(x,y,z)\hat{\mathbf j}+R(x,y,z)\hat{\mathbf k}.\]
 Example \(\PageIndex{7}\): Sketching a Vector Field in Three Dimensions
 Describe vector field \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z)=⟨1,\,1,\,z⟩\).
 Solution
 For this vector field, the \(x\)- and \(y\)-components are constant, so every point in \(ℝ^3\) has an associated vector with \(x\)- and \(y\)-components equal to one. To visualize \(\vecs{F}\), we first consider what the field looks like in the \(xy\)-plane. In the \(xy\)-plane, \(z=0\). Hence, each point of the form \((a,b,0)\) has vector \(⟨1,1,0⟩\) associated with it. For points not in the \(xy\)-plane but slightly above it, the associated vector has a small but positive \(z\)-component, and therefore the associated vector points slightly upward. For points that are far above the \(xy\)-plane, the \(z\)-component is large, so the vector is almost vertical. Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\) shows this vector field.
 Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\): A visual representation of vector field \(\vecs{F}(x,y,z)=⟨1,1,z⟩\).
 Exercise \(\PageIndex{7}\)
 Sketch vector field \(\vecs{G}(x,y,z)=⟨2,\,\dfrac{z}{2},\,1⟩\).
 Hint
 Substitute enough points into the vector field to get an idea of the general shape.
 Answer
 In the next example, we explore one of the classic cases of a


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A Digital Mathematical Performance to Support the Physical Embodiment of Balanced Equations
Stephen Chen, Steven Khan, Alireza Moghaddam, Immaculate Namukasa, and Darren Stanley
One of the topics of exploration at the UWO Symposium on Digital Mathematical Performance was on how the combination of physical performances and digital technologies could improve mathematics teaching. Our working group developed, performed, and recorded a skit that attempts to help students learn the concept of balanced/imbalanced equations with respect to the process of solving equations.
The following eight video clips in.wmv (original recording and smaller downloads) and.mp4 formats represent the key highlights of our presentation at the UWO Symposium.
Video 1 -- The Skit
In the skit, one of the actors is carrying a heavy load of single items and grouped items. The actor wants to balance this load -- i.e. carry the same amount in each arm. Upon reaching his destination, the actor needs to be unloaded in such a way that he remains in balance at all times. A result of this unloading process is that a set of single items eventually balances a set (of one) grouped items -- and thus isolating and solving for the unknown. In the process of unloading, several common errors are enacted that cause the actor to become imbalanced. The actor over reacts to these situations and creates a physically embodied understanding for the concept of balanced/imbalanced equations.
There are several goals to this skit. First, there is the goal of teaching the topics of balanced/imbalanced equations and the solving of equations. To help students learn the concept of imbalanced equations, a physical movement/full-body gesture is created. It is hoped that teachers and students will be inspired by our performance and re-enact the skit. It is hypothesized that the physical embodiment of the mathematical concept and the opportunity to role-play will both help the students to learn the mathematical material better.
Video 2 -- The Mathematics of the Skit
The actor in the skit is carrying one bag and three cups in one hand
and two bags and one cup in the other. Thus, the equation is x +
3 = 2x + 1. To isolate x quickly, a student might take the 3 away
from the left hand side -- which leads to an imbalance. Upon
learning that they have to take away from both sides, a common error is
to take away a unit from one side and a group from the other.
These two common errors are part of the skit. Another error that
was not acted is to remove all of the units (e.g. 3 from the left and 1
from the right).
It is hoped that the students will enjoy the skit. And, just as important, it is hoped that by performing the skit, it will help them learn the associated mathematics more easily. Similar to the expected classroom use of this digital mathematical performance, the skit and the role playing are done first and then followed by the mathematical lesson.
Video 3 -- The Digital Mathematical Performance
In this video, we discuss the purpose of the skit.
Video 4 -- The Lesson Goals
In this video, we discuss the objectives of the skit in terms of a classroom lesson plan.
Video 5 -- A Relevant On-line Resource
To follow up with the skit, we suggest the following on-line resource which we believe is highly relevant. This on-line resource allows equations to be balanced and solved in an animated visualization.
Video 6 -- Why use Digitial Mathematical Performances?
In this video, we discuss the potential benefits to using a digital mathematical performance to teach the topic of balanced/imbalanced equations.
Video 7 -- David Pimm discusses Physical
Rituals as a part of Learning
In this video, David Pimm provides an example of how a gesture used to help students learn a mathematical concept then become almost a required physical ritual that was a part of the mathematical concept.
Video 8 -- John Mighton discusses how to handle
One of the limitations of the skit (and of the selected model/metaphor) is that it doesn't handle negative values. In this video, John Mighton describes how he has taught the topic in such a way as to avoid this limitation.


4-Square Drill
Imagine a small square on the ground and you are standing in the middle of it. As fast as you can jump out of the box and back to starting working your way all around the box. Then repeat with your left and right feet.
So it looks like this:
BackForeword
Then repeat in the opposite direction
Repeat the pattern again with your left and right feet seperately.
Jumping the pattern with both feet and each foot individualy = 1 rep
4-Square Drill to Box
Same pattern, but jump up to and off of a plyo box or ledge.


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The name "420" references the area of the light spectrum produced by this lamp. The PowerVEG 420 is a true VEG light for indoor growers. PowerVEG 420 provides a spectrum that is crucial for plant growth during the vegetation cycle, focusing all spectral energy at 420 nanometers. This high UV A spectrum adds the nutrient values that are vital for the growth. Combined with the spectrum provided by the FS+UV fluorescent grow lamps, the PowerVEG 420 maximizes the initial growth process for vegetation through:
PowerVEG 420 maximizes the initial growth process for vegetation through:
- Tighter internodal spacing
- Stomatal opening 10 times greater than red light (feeding tube of plant)
- Stronger root growth
- Chlorophyll A
- Beta carotene
Spectrum Combinations for Your Plants
The PowerVEG 420 can be combined with more than just our FS+UV lamp. There are five total PowerVEG colors lamps that can be combined to make customizable light spectrums for your plants.
Each PowerVEG grow lamp produces a different light spectrum for your plants. Growers can customize their own light spectrums with various combinations or they can use one of the suggested formulas. EYE HORTILUX has recommendations for 8-lamp and 4-lamp fixtures to produce the best results for your plants in the vegetative, flowering and start-to-finish set ups.
To produce the VEG spectrum, select the corresponding base colors and install lamps as shown in your 8-lamp or 4-lamp fixture. The suggested VEG formula produces a large amount of blue light spectrum to enhance the vegetative growth cycle. The combination of the FS+UV, 420 & 460 provides the most vegetative focused light spectrum on the market.
NOTE: View suggested formulas above in the image section of this product page.
420 Replacement Guide:
- Optimal Growth – 8-9 months
- Average Growth – 10-11 months
- Maintenance Growth – 11-12 months
- Based on 18 hour burn time per day.


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This chapter explores the profound impact of farming on North Atlantic vertebrate biota, reviewing evidence for the introduction of domesticated faunas and of the irrevocable changes to the island landscapes and environments effected in particular by pastoralism and the exploitation of marine resources. The North Atlantic islands have different settlement histories. There is a continuous record of farming communities in Orkney and Shetland from the mid third millennium BCE onwards. The chapter discusses that some of the ways people have exploited the seas around the North Atlantic islands from the arrival of the Vikings onwards, thus focusing on the centuries in which humans have had a long-lasting and sustained impact on the fauna of the sea. The distinctive treeless landscapes of the North Atlantic islands are largely a product of the farming practices associated with the management of the imported domestic livestock.
|Title of host publication
|Biogeography in the Sub‐Arctic
|Subtitle of host publication
|The Past and Future of North Atlantic Biota
|Eva Panagiotakopulu, Jon Sadler
|Place of Publication
|John Wiley & Sons Inc.
|Number of pages
|Published - 20 Apr 2021