text: Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and ozone precursor. Quantifying methane emissions is critical for projecting and mitigating changes to climate and air quality. Here we present CH4 observations made from space combined with Earth‐based remote sensing column measurements. Results indicate the largest anomalous CH4 levels viewable from space over the conterminous U.S. are located at the Four Corners region in the Southwest U.S. Emissions exceeding inventory estimates, totaling 0.59 Tg CH4/yr [0.50–0.67; 2σ], are necessary to bring high‐resolution simulations and observations into agreement. This underestimated source approaches 10% of the EPA estimate of total U.S. CH4 emissions from natural gas. The persistence of this CH4 signal from 2003 onward indicates that the source is likely from established gas, coal, and coalbed methane mining and processing. This work demonstrates that space‐based observations can identify anomalous CH4 emission source regions and quantify their emissions with the use of a transport model.


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The name "Kythera" (ky-the-ra) was derived from the Antikythera Mechanism which is a mysterious device that was discovered by sponge divers off the coast of the Greek island Antikyther. The mechanism was so advanced in design that scientists have been studying it for decades to discover its purpose. The machine dates from around the end of the 2nd century B.C. and is the most sophisticated mechanism known from the ancient world. Nothing as complex is known for the next thousand years. The Antikythera Mechanism is now understood to be dedicated to astronomical phenomena and operates as a complex mechanical "computer" which tracks the cycles of the Solar System.
For this reason we used the name Kythera for the valve mechanism at the core of a new line of PolarStar mechanical HPA systems. Although it contains very few parts and is easy to install and maintain, the system incorporates a very intelligent design and is unlike anything else on the market. The system was designed as a mechanical system from the ground up and uses a realistic trigger mechanism which can be applied to single-shot, semi-automatic and fully-automatic systems.
The first of these systems is Kythera SA (Semi-Automatic), the semi-auto-only variant for use in AEG gearboxes.
So, what makes the Kythera so unique?
What sets this system apart from other mechanical systems is the design of its trigger. The trigger mechanism is designed to replicate the function, weight and feel of a real single-action firearm trigger. It feels real because it is real. The hardened alloy steel sears catch and release the stainless steel spool valve in the same way the sears of a real firearm catch and release the hammer or striker. This gives the Kythera trigger the distinct break and reset you would expect to feel when firing a real single action firearm. The trigger mechanism in the Kythera SA is also adjustable, allowing the user to fine tune the weight and over travel. Additionally, the internal firing valve is balanced and the only force applied during firing is the main spring. This means the function and feel of the trigger is independent of input pressure and velocity.
Complete Shot Cycle
The design of the Kythera SA completes a shot cycle on the trigger pull. This gives you the proven closed bolt performance of the Fusion Engine and F2 in a completely mechanical, waterproof system with a realistic trigger. It does not require the trigger to be released before the nozzle chambers the next round and the firing volume is refilled. This occurs automatically and consistently every shot, with adjustable nozzle dwell and return speed.
As the system resets and recharges immediately after firing, it is ready to fire again before the trigger has been released. This means the system can cycle very quickly for faster follow up shots.
Extremely Efficient and Consistent
The valve design of the Kythera operates without the need for air to control the opening or closing of the valve. Without a pilot valve, 100% of the air going into the system is fired through the nozzle allowing it to operate very efficiently. In addition to being extremely efficient, the system is also extremely consistent. The valve is released at the same point every shot with the same force applied, regardless of trigger input.
Universal Charging Cord
The steel cord visible at the back of the system is attached to a cocking mechanism for the internal spool valve. Although the system automatically cocks the spool valve when the system is pressurized, since the Kythera uses a balanced valve, it is possible in certain situations that the valve could stall and needs to be manually cocked. This typically only happens if the system is run completely out of air so that the pressure drops below the operating range of the system. The cord is designed to be either routed through the grip of the rifle for easy access or even possibly attached in some fashion to the charging handle.
The Kythera SA system installs into a standard gearbox as a single assembly and typically does not require any modification to the gearbox. The only parts needing to be retained from the gearbox is the trigger, spring guide, selector and safety components.
- Designed from the ground up as a high performance mechanical HPA system, not a modification of a solenoid operated design.
- Patent pending valve mechanism provides excellent efficiency and consistent velocity combined with a realistic trigger pull and reset.
- Completes a full shot cycle on the trigger pull alone which translates into consistent nozzle movement and rapid follow up shots.
- Adjustable trigger. Adjustments include: Weight, length of pull and over travel.
- Adjustable nozzle dwell/return speed.
- Wide operating pressure range of 60 to 180psi.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Shoppers who visited Sydney's Neutral Bay Woolworths were left in shock as many shelves were left bare.
Although some thought it was due to panic buying because of the coronavirus pandemic, Woolworths has said in a statement it was for another purpose.
The store's products were deliberately removed to show the significant role that bees and insects play in Australia's food supply.
With the 2020 bushfires alone destroying 15.6 million hectares of forests, the food supply for bees and homes for insects is rapidly dwindling.
Woolworths Chief Marketing Officer Andrew Hicks said that he hoped the stunt would show people how much their personal food supply would be impacted.
"As the Fresh Food People, we're passionate about providing millions of Australians access to the fresh food they love most," he said. "What many people don't realise is how much of our food supply relies directly on pollinating bees."
"Our goal here is to start a conversation in Australian homes about what a supermarket without bees would look like and how their impact goes far beyond just fruit and vegetables. However, if we take small actions to support bees and pollination today, we can create a better tomorrow and prevent this from becoming a reality."
This article originally appeared on Over60.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Park von MuskauEdit profile
The Muskau Park (German: Muskauer Park, officially: Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau, Polish: Park Mużakowski), is the largest and one of the most famous English gardens of Germany and Poland.
Situated in the historic Upper Lusatia region, it covers 3.5 square kilometers (1.4 sq mi) of land in Poland and 2.1 km2 (0.81 sq mi) in Germany. The park extends on both sides of the Lusatian Neisse river, which constitutes the border between the countries. The 17.9 km2 (6.9 sq mi) buffer zone around the park encompassed the German town Bad Muskau (Upper Sorbian: Mužakow) in the West and Polish Łęknica (Wjeska, former Lugknitz) in the East. While Muskau Castle is situated west of the river, the heart of the park are the partially wooded raised areas on the east bank called The Park on Terraces. In 2003 a pedestrian bridge spanning the Neisse was rebuilt to connect both parts.
On July 2, 2004, UNESCO added the park to its World Heritage List, as an exemplary example of cross-border cultural collaboration between Poland and Germany. It was added to the list on two criteria: for breaking new ground in terms of development towards the ideal man-made landscape, and for its influence on the development of landscape architecture as a discipline.History
A fortress on the Neisse river at Muskau was first mentioned as early as in the 13th under the rule of Margrave Henry III of Meissen. The founder of the adjacent park was Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau (_PHONE_), the author of the influential Hints on Landscape Gardening and owner of the state country of Muskau since 1811. After prolonged studies in England, in 1815 during the time when the northeastern part of Upper Lusatia fell to Prussia, he laid out the Park. As time went by, he established an international school of landscape management in Bad Muskau and outlined the construction of an extensive landscape park which would envelop the town "in a way not done before on such a grand scale".
The works involved remodelling the Baroque "Old Castle" - actually a former castle gate - and the construction of a Gothic chapel, an English cottage, several bridges, and an orangery designed by Friedrich Ludwig Persius. Pückler reconstructed the medieval fortress as the "New Castle", the compositional centre of the park, with a network of paths radiating from it and a pleasure ground influenced by the ideas of Humphry Repton, whose son John Adey worked at Muskau from 1822 on. The extensions went on until 1845, when Pückler due to his enormous debts was constrained to sell the patrimony. The next year it was acquired by Prince Frederick of the Netherlands, who employed Eduard Petzold, Pückler's disciple and a well-known landscape gardener, to complete his design. Upon his death in 1881, he was followed by his daughter Princess Marie, who sold the estates to the Arnim noble family.
During the Battle of Berlin, both castles were levelled and all four bridges across the Neisse were razed. The Arnims were dispossessed by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany and since the implementation of the Oder-Neisse line in 1945, the park has been divided by the state border between Poland and Germany, with two thirds of it on the Polish side. Not before the 1960s the Communist authorities slowly accepted the legacy of the "Junker" Prince Pückler. The Old Castle was rebuilt by the East German administration in 1965-72, while the New Castle and the bridges are still being restored.
After the Revolutions of 1989 the German and Polish administration joined forces on the redevelopment of the park ensemble. Since Poland entered into the Schengen Area in 2007, visitors may freely explore both parts of the park without cross-border controls.


Amsterdam makes formal apology for slavery past | THE DAILY HERALD
Minister Kajsa Ollongren speaking at Thursday's Emancipation Day commemoration at the Oosterpark in Amsterdam. (Dutch government photo)
AMSTERDAM/THE HAGUE–Amsterdam Mayor Femke Halsema on Thursday, Emancipation Day, made formal apologies for the city's role in the transatlantic slave trade. For the Dutch government a formal apology is a step too far, but caretaker Minister of Home Affairs and Kingdom Relations Kajsa Ollongren did acknowledge the pain and suffering that were caused to enslaved people.
 Ollongren and Halsema were both speakers at the annual so-called Keti Koti (Break the chains) commemorative event in Amsterdam. The event was not open to the public due to the pandemic, but was broadcast live on national TV. Among the selected few invited guests was St. Maarten Minister Plenipotentiary Rene Violenus.
 July 1 is the commemoration and celebration that the Netherlands officially abolished slavery in Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles in 1863, even though slavery did not really end until 1873, because people still had to work on the plantations for 10 more years.
 "We can only look at the slavery past with repugnance, regret and shame. It is a past that we are all connected to, consciously or unconsciously, clearly or not clearly hidden in an unknown family history. It is not a sign of weakness to give accountability for that. This is how democracy shows its power. By acknowledging our past, we can change the future. That is not a luxury, but a necessity," said Ollongren.
 She spoke of the immense pain and suffering that was caused by slavery. "I realise that the pain that the irons caused has not disappeared, that the wounds have not healed as yet. It is a process that takes many generations. Philosopher Augustine wrote more than 1,600 years ago: "Hope has two beautiful daughters, anger and courage. Anger about the way things are and courage to believe that they won't remain so."
 Ollongren said that to move forward together there needs to be room for both anger and courage – "Room for anger about a shared past, for anger about the inequality that still exists, for anger about the changes that happen too slowly. But there is also courage – courage to recognise the anger and sadness of others, courage to recognise a shared past and to talk with each other."
 Prior to the national commemoration, she received from Committee Chairperson Dagmar Oudshoorn the final report of the Advisory Committee Dialogue Group on Slavery Past titled "Chains from the past".
 Along the lines of recognition, apologies and repairs, the Advisory Committee asked for attention and action. The Committee advised making the slavery past an integral part of the Dutch collective memory by, among other things, researching the role of the national government, through education, by setting up a national slavery museum and by establishing Emancipation Day as a formal commemoration day. The Committee also advised that the Dutch government make a formal apology.
 Ollongren acknowledged the committee's findings, but did not make a formal apology. "These pieces of advice are important and straightforward. We can't ignore that. They relate to the urgency that I feel," she said.
 Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Utrecht already did historic research, she said. The Hague is planning to do the same. Aldermen of the four large cities also made a unified call for a national day to commemorate slavery past.
 "By remembering, we can look ahead and connect to a society in which there is no place for racism and inequality. However, looking back means more than researching the past; it also means taking responsibility," said Ollongren.
 Mayor Halsema, on behalf of the City Council, offered apologies for the slavery past at Thursday's commemoration. "For the active involvement of the Amsterdam City Council in the commercial system of colonial slavery and the international trade of enslaved people, I am offering apologies, on behalf of the mayor and the aldermen."
 Halsema noted that while no inhabitant of Amsterdam was to be personally blamed for the slavery past, the city had been involved in the slave trade on a large scale, and for a longer period. According to her, it is time to "incorporate the great injustice of the colonial slavery in the identity" of the Dutch capital "with a royal and unconditional recognition."
 Amsterdam is the first city in the Netherlands to make a formal apology. The other three large cities, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht, are contemplating doing the same. British cities such as London and Liverpool, and US cities like Chicago, Illinois, and Charleston, South Carolina, already did so.
 The city Amsterdam was one of the shareholders of the Suriname Society, a company that was engaged in the transatlantic slave trade. Amsterdam managed the colony Suriname to which it transported thousands of enslaved African people. Aside from Suriname and Curaçao, Amsterdam also had a vested interest in the slave trade in Indonesia, Taiwan, South Africa and Brazil. In this manner, the city directly profited from the slave trade. Individual mayors at that time also took part in the slave trade.
 There is a large, increasing call for formal apologies from the Dutch government, but so far this has not happened. Then-Minister of Education Rogier van Boxtel came close to an apology during Emancipation Day in 2001 by expressing "deep regrets" about the slavery past and Vice Prime Minister Lodewijk Asscher made a similar statement in 2012.
 Caretaker Prime Minister Mark Rutte said last year that the time was not right for a formal apology. Doing so would only make the differences in opinion worse. Also, there is a fear of the consequences – the paying of reparations.
St. Maarten Minister Plenipotentiary Rene Violenus attended the Emancipation Day commemoration in Amsterdam. (NOS still image)
Source: The Daily Herald
 1. Let's talk money! What is this apology worth?
 Or otherwise, what does this municipality think slaves are worth?
 Or when we talk about slavery reparations payments is there nobody at home in this municipality office?
 What if for every descendent of a slave a certain amount has to be paid? And that should include all slaves, ever abducted by the dutch (including flemish as former part of the Netherlands) and also for all transports by dutch ships under other flags, whether countries or piracy. Somewhere between 0.5 and 1 million slaves were abducted by and for the dutch. How many descendents? How many millions? And should that amount be multiplicated with an amount of xxxxxxxx euros/dollars, does that municipality has the amount of billions of euros/dollars available?
 If so, that fund could diminish the poverty, etc. of our islands.
 But I do not think that apology is worth something. The green left and d66 criminals are as much part of the colonial regime as is knops, rutte, and all the murderers of the past centuries.
 2. And why is no one speaking out about all the schools, streets, etc. on our islands with the names of slavers, plantation owners, governors who killed black and red enslaved people?
 3. We see all employees of the welfare departments (sociale diensten) who organize the Participation Law, as well as all so-called 'people's' representatives who let any budget pass where the implementation of this Participation Law is agreed, as enemies of the oppressed. They will be held accountable for these crimes against humanity. And the responsibility for these crimes will never be limited in time. Whether in months or years, they will pay to the community for their crimes. As these crimes against humanity are universal, so are the prosecutor activities. So when on holiday in any other country, expel to one of the countries who prosecute these crimes may be done.
 Till the end of times.
 4. It is all fake! And free, gratis, without costs.
 Slavery has always been part of the Dutch economy. Way back, more than 1200 years ago it was already so that people were slaves or horigen in a slightly different meaning. During the middle ages slavery was common. The renaissance passed the country without doing anything for the oppressed. And when America was being colonized, starting in the 16th century, the dutch commercialized slavery by the triangular trade. Many enslaved people lost their lifes because of the dutch treat. It is written that the dutch weren't the biggest slavers, but due to the treaty of Tordesillas and Spanish laws and rules of the Casa de Contratación, other countries weren't allowed to trade in that region, so the Dutch slavery went under the flag of the Spanish.
 When slavery was abolished in 1863, it wasn't actually abolished. Only the slavers got a compensation and many had to work for tens of years without or with small payments.
 At the end of the 19th century, trade unions tried to better the position of the poor, but the dutch government and the capitalists fought with excluding strikers from work, income and housing. In the 20th century, colonies still existed and many non-whites died in revolts against the dutch white oppressors. Still the six islands form part of that regime. And in the Netherlands, in 2015, they invented the Participation Law,


Pop Quiz
Mayor Day or Mayday?
April 24, 2003
1. What first name placed first in the most mayoral elections in Denver?
A. John.
B. Charles.
C. William.
D. Quigg.
2. From the time Denver was incorporated until 1904, mayors served:
A. Until they were driven from office by hooting, drunken crowds of miners.
B. Two years.
C. A decade, or until they turned sixty.
D. Alternating terms depending on who controlled the state legislature and paid the biggest bribes.
3. When a young, once-ponytailed reformer made a run for office, detractors called the candidate and his supporters:
A. Feddy and the Dreamers.
B. The Little Engine Who Could.
C. The Hippie Hopeful and His Tribe.
D. A joke.
4. Denver's mayors have made lasting and, forget it. How is the city's form of government officially described?
A. One for all and all for one.
B. Strong non-partisan mayor.
C. Giant and Lilliputians.
D. Executive elector.
5. What organization came to power in Colorado in the 1920s with the elections of Clarence Morely as governor and Ben Stapleton as mayor of Denver?
A. The Union Pacific Railroad brotherhood of locomotive engineers.
B. Veterans of Foreign Wars, Post 1.
C. The Ku Klux Klan.
D. The Prohibition Party.
6. Lest we forget his legacy, what does Mayor Wellington E. Webb's middle initial stand for?
A. Ernest.
B. Nothing. It's just a letter.
C. Everyman.
D. Edward.
1. C. Four Williams and a Will have filled the mayoral bill. Tough luck, Mr. Hickenlooper.
2. B. Two years.
3. A. Feddy and the Dreamers was the label affixed to future mayor Federico Peña and company.
4. B. "Strong, nonpartisan mayor" is the official, if vague, description.
5. C. Klansmen ruled in one of the sorriest chapters in state history.
6. D. Our first African-American mayor (take that, Ben Stapleton) went to the Ed of the class.
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For Native Hawaiians, "ola i ka wai": water is life. The word "kānāwai," meaning traditional Hawaiian law, can be literally translated as "relating to water." Prior to Western contact, the notion that anyone could "own" rights to water was inconceivable. When Native Hawaiian traditions and customs were codified in writing, kingdom laws explicitly recognized water as a resource for the public good. Foreigners, however, sought a Western system of ownership to advance their private economic interests. Owners of sugar companies constructed massive ditch systems to take water to their plantations, often with the acquiescence of the Hawaiian government.
After statehood in 1959, a movement arose to return Hawai'i's water use to public management and control. The Hawai'i courts, which now had judges appointed locally instead of from the U.S. continent, proved critical to this effort, and rulings in several important cases confirmed the "public trust" over water resources. In 1978, Hawai'i elevated the preservation of water resources for Hawai'i's people to a constitutional mandate. Hawai'i's constitution also established a Commission on Water Resource Management to set policies and procedures "for regulating all uses of Hawai'i's water resources." This has proven to be a difficult task. The commission has not often fulfilled its duties successfully, especially in the face of protracted litigation involving community and commercial interests. This chapter provides a detailed description of the cultural and legal landscape and the resulting court decisions.
"From Wai to Kānāwai: Water Law in Hawai'i" is Chapter 9 of Native Hawaiian Law: A Treatise, a volume that updates and expands on the seminal work of the 1991 Native Hawaiian Rights Handbook. The publication is a collaborative effort of the.Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation, Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law at the William S. Richardson School of Law – University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, and Kamehameha Publishing.


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Uptake of zinc and copper by halophilic bacteria isolated from the dead sea shore, Jordan
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Ten Gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cultures were recovered from nine water, mud, and soil samples collected from the Dead Sea shore at Suwaymah. All bacterial cultures were able to grow at 10% NaCl and at 45°C. They were able to grow in nutrient media supplemented with 1250 ppm of Zn. Most of them, except cultures 2 and 8, were able to grow in nutrient medium supplemented with 1000 ppm of Cu. After 2 wk of incubation of these 10 cultures at different concentrations (5, 25, 100, and 500 ppm), stock solutions of both Zn and Cu elements, the maximum absorption using atomic absorption spectrometry for Zn was achieved by culture 7 at 11.2%, 1.0%, 38.4%, and 84.54%, respectively, from the previous stock solutions, whereas the maximum absorption of the same concentration of Cu was achieved by culture 3 at 6.2%, 55.56%, 85.66%, and 90.82%, respectively, of the different concentrations. After 3 wk of incubation, the estimated absorption for Zn was achieved by cultures 2, 9, and 10 at 19.2%, 16.68%, 42.92%, and 76.5%, 18.2%, 21.56%, 32.22%, and 77.43%, and 20.8%, 23.52%, 32.22%, and 82.84% of the previous stocks. The maximum absorption of the same concentration of Cu was achieved by culture 3 at 32.6%, 49.88%, 90.44%, and 91.86%, respectively. The accumulation of the absorbed metals was found to be maximum in the protoplast of all cultures. The accumulation at the cell wall was maximum for cultures 2 and 6 for Zn and Cu, respectively, and between the cell wall and the plasma membrane, it was maximum for cultures 2 and 8 for Zn and Cu, respectively.
Index EntriesCopper zinc halophilic atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) Dead Sea Jordan
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- 13.R. H. Vreeland, C. D. Litchfield, E. L. Martin, and E. Eliot, Halomonas elongata, a new genus and species of extremely salt tolerant bacteria, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30, 485–495 (1980).Google Scholar
- 14.A. Ventosa, E. Quesada, F. Rodriguez-Valera, F. Ruiz-Ber-raquero, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. Numerical taxonomy of moderately halophilic Gram-negative rods, J. Gen. Microbiol. 128, 1959–1968 (1982).Google Scholar
- 16.M. T. Garcia, J. J. Nieto, A. Ventosa, and F. Ruiz-Berraquero, The susceptibility of the moderate halophilic vibrio costicola to heavy metals, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 37, 251–256 (1987).Google Scholar
- 17.J. A. Washington II and V. L. Sutter, Dilution procedures, in Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 3rd ed. (E. H. Lennette, A. Balows, W. J. Hausler, et al. eds.), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. pp. 453–458 (1980).Google Scholar
- 18.R. H. Blatz and P. Matsushima, Protoplast fusion in Streptomyces: condition for efficient genetic recombination and cell regeneration, J. Gen. Microbiol. 127, 137–146 (1981).Google Scholar


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Photo Credit: MH
Development of Large-area GEM Detectors with High Spatial Resolution but Low Channel Count.
Different from the HERA electron-proton collider era, the Electron-Ion Collider's dramatic range in beam kinematics will send hadrons into both the forward and backwards arms in this nuclear physics experiment. Consequently, the arms should be designed to be nearly the same. Planar GEM trackers could cover the forward region at pseudo-rapidities |η|~1-4. Together with nuclear physics colleagues at U. of Virginia, the Florida Tech group is investigating planar low-mass and large-area GEM detector modules of trapezoidal shape that would be arranged in rings around the beam pipe and placed in the forward region of the EIC detector. In the current design for an EIC nuclear physics experiment, two to three ring-shaped detector stations would be positioned at various forward distances from the interaction point. These distances would range from about a meter up to a few meters to cover tracks at higher η.
The current medium-term R&D goal is to perform a slice test of a configuration that uses one trapezoidal GEM detector module from each of these forward detector stations to study the tracking performance. Due to the geometry, the radial dimensions of these detector modules would have to increase with the distance from the interaction point. The GEM detectors closest to the interaction point would extend about 1m in radial direction and the outer detector modules would extend up to about 1.5m radially.
At Florida Tech, we are investigating a particularly cost-effective approach for implementing such GEM forward tracker modules in this new nuclear physics experiment. We are developing increasingly larger prototypes of printed circuit boards with zigzag readout strips for integration into triple-GEM detectors to compare the resulting detector performances with GEM detectors using regular rectangular readout strips. In a one-dimensional readout, the zigzag structure of the readout strips should allow to measure positions of particles hitting the detector with 3-4 times fewer strips than in a standard GEM detector while maintaining the same position resolution of about 100 microns. This leads to potentially major cost savings for the GEM forward tracker stations in this major new detector for nuclear physics experimentation.
We have integrated a 130-pin Panasonic connector into the design of these pcb so that the strip readout structure can be readily interfaced to our existing analog APV25 frontend amplifier hybrids and to the Scalable Readout System developed by the RD51 collaboration at CERN for experimental particle and nuclear physics. Students are currently designing a medium-size (30cm x 30cm) triple-GEM similar to existing Florida Tech detectors but featuring zigzag strips of different lengths up to 30cm long to investigate noise issues and overall performance in detail. A beam test at Fermilab with these detectors is planned for fall 2013.


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Sandaohaizi Site group are located in Chaganguole Town Qinghe County Aletai Region, Xinjiang, the resource of Minor Qinggeli River. In 2001, Sandaohaizi Site and the Deer Stones were enlisted as one of the fifth key heritage preservation units.
The altitude of Sandaohaizi is 2700 meters. It is named by the three different sizes lakes in three different valleys. According to present survey, Sanhaizi area is spotted with 3 giant, 4 medium-sized and around 100 small stone piles, as well as 60 deer stones and several rock paintings, most of which are spotted in Huahaizi.
Map which Illustrated the Distribution of Main sites in Huahaizi
Sandaohaizi Site group is remarkable in single scale, structure and its number. There have been many speculations about its date and nature. In this way, a joint archaeological research team formed by the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Science (IA CASS), Altay Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage and Qinghe County Administration of Cultural Heritage carried out continuous excavation in Sanhaizi Site group in the four summers from 2013 to 2016. The work in 2016 is divided into two phases, one is the excavation of Tuoyelesayi Site in Huahazi area, covering an area of 800 square meters; besides, 8 tombs were also excavated in two locations in the valley of Chaganguole River.
Site is mainly made up of deer stones and stone circular sacrificial remain. We've unveiled the significance of this kind of sites. 21 stone circular sacrificial remains were unearthed. Most importantly, 3 buried deer stones and some well-preserved stone circular sacrificial remains were found.
We can speculate that Huahaizi No.3 Site is a cross-spoke stone remain, with two deer stones located in the edge of central stone pile. The most important discoveries are the engraved or plain stone shields at the end of the southeast spoke. The southwest spoke is formed mainly by stone shields. Several stone shields were also found in the central pile. Beneath the central stone pile is a southeast-northwest frame made of the trunks and branches of Siberian spruce. There was a pile of sacrificed human bone fragments in the frame, mainly from a male skull around forty years old. The genetic tests proved that he is an East Asian, Haplotype D. Two sheep teeth were also found here. There are two wooden stakes, one big and one small, beneath the human bones.
Shield-shaped Stone found in the Southeast Spoke
Huahaizi No.1 Site is the biggest and the nearby Meiyierman area consists of ten sites, located surrounding the major springs in Huahaizi. The archaeological team excavated four Sites, finding that these stone piles are mainly sacrificial remains surrounding the spring mouths.
Chengbaite area consist several stone piles, including two medium size circular piles and two small square piles and the rest are round piles. Six round stone piles were excavated in 2015, and two small sacrificial stone circles were cleared up. We know through the excavations that all these are sacrificial remains. In the high place tow sites found few horse teeth, sheep teeth as well as sheep bones and three sites were only stone structure left lack of bones or wares. The sacrificial circles have the same structure with that in Huahaizi No.3 Site, both with burnt ashes inside the stone circle.
A Khirigsuur Dating Back to Yuan Dynasty in Huahaizi No.3 Site
A khirigsuur dating back to Yuan Dynasty was found accidentally in Huahaizi No.3 Site. The owner of the grave is a young lady. A mirror with dragon and tiger pattern modeling Eastern Han style, patterned blue glass beads, black beads decorated with colorful sun patterns, glass beads, meat-red chalcedony beads, silver bowl and iron ware etc. were found in the grave. Part of the clothes of the tomb owner is kept till now. These fabrics were dated to be Yuan Dynasty. The finding offers substantial evidence to the Silk Road in the steppe.
At the beginning of the first millenium BC, Eurasian Steppe entered early Iron Age, when nomadic economy began, the society gained complexity and early nomadic states came into being. The main symbols are the artistic themes and objects embodying the whole ideology of ruling class and monarchs, grand royal cemetery and grand seasonal ritual center. Sandaohaizi and the widespread cross spoke stone circlesand piles together with deer stones are closely related with the motion of the sun, stars, the Milky way and other astronomical phenomenon, which was an importance segment of ideology of nomadic kingdom.
Ritual Pit No.21 found in Huahaizi No.3 Site
Tyva Arzhan Cemetery in Russia and the sacrificial remain in Sandaohaizi site share the same cultural elements and belong to the same period. The Addie Bayer/Sandaohaizi Cultural represented by Arzhan Cemetery and Sandaohaizi sites may be the remains of recorded Arimaspi and Yimu State written in Chinese documents. Both names mean a tribe of legendary one eyed people. They may be one of the earliest groups setting up nomadic state in Eurasian Steppes. Based on the scale and advanced ware analysis, we speculated that the Arzhan Cemetery was the royal tomb of early nomadic state and Sandaohaizi was their ritual center in summer. The periodic activities held in Sandaohaizi, the valley of Altai Mountain, the chiefs and core group of early nomadic states controlled the communication with the heaven and the gods, promoting their worship and culture, monopolizing the resources like gold and precious stones and their distribution.
Sandaohaizi Sites bear great importance to the study of the roles of nomadic and grand ritual activities played in the process of social complication. They are essential materials for the understanding of the organizing ability, ruling ideology, universe concept and the spiritual world of early nomadic states.
Deer Stone Found in Tuoyelesayi Site
In a word, Sandaohaizi site group possess unique historical and cultural value in the whole Eurasian Steppes. The ancient nomadic states that construct and made use of these sites were the core of nomadic groups connecting South Siberian in Russia, middle and west part of Mongolia, east of Kazakhstan and the mountain meadow in North China as well as their culture. They were the proactive explorers of the Silk Road on the prairies in early period, their cultural influence expanded through Europe and Asia, greatly influencing the latter generations. The later Scythian, Saka, Yuezhi and Hun inherited and promoted their culture. (Translator: Yuan Yuan)


This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
Data Validation Overview
Validating data is the process of confirming that the values being entered into data objects conform to the constraints within a dataset's schema, as well as the rules established for your application. Validating data prior to sending updates to the underlying database is a good practice that reduces errors as well as the potential number of round trips between an application and the database. You can confirm that data being written to a dataset is valid by building validation checks into the dataset itself. The dataset can check the data no matter how the update is being performed — whether directly by controls in a form, within a component, or in some other way. Because the dataset is part of your application, it is a logical place to build application-specific validation (unlike building the same checks into the database backend).
NoteNote
The suggested location to add validation into your application is the dataset's partial class file. In Visual Basic or Visual C#, open the DataSet Designer and double-click the column or table you want to create validation for. This action automatically creates a ColumnChanging or RowChanging event handler. For more information, see How to: Validate Data During Column Changes, or How to: Validate Data During Row Changes.
Validating Data
Validation within a dataset can be accomplished:
There are several events that are raised by the DataTable object when a change is occurring in a record:
 - The ColumnChanging and ColumnChanged events are raised during and after each change to an individual column. The ColumnChanging event is useful when you want to validate changes in specific columns. Information about the proposed change is passed as an argument with the event. For more information, see How to: Validate Data During Column Changes.
 - The RowChanging and RowChanged events are raised during and after any change in a row. The RowChanging event is more general, in that it simply indicates that a change is occurring somewhere in the row; you do not know which column has changed. For more information, see How to: Validate Data During Row Changes.
By default, each change to a column therefore raises four events: first the ColumnChanging and ColumnChanged events for the specific column being changed, and then the RowChanging and RowChanged event. If multiple changes are being made to the row, the events will be raised for each change.
NoteNote
The data row's BeginEdit method turns off the RowChanging and RowChanged events after each individual column change. In that case, the event is not raised until the EndEdit method has been called, when the RowChanging and RowChanged events are raised just once. For more information, see How to: Turn Off Constraints While Filling a Dataset.
The event you choose depends on how granular you want the validation to be. If it is important that you catch an error immediately when a column is changed, build validation using the ColumnChanging event. Otherwise, use the RowChanging event, which might result in catching several errors at once. Additionally, if your data is structured in such a way that the value of one column is validated based on the contents of another column, then you should perform your validation during the RowChanging event.
When records are updated, the DataTable object raises events that you can respond to as changes are occurring and after changes are made.
If your application is using a typed dataset, you can create strongly typed event handlers. This will add four additional typed events that you can create handlers for; dataTableNameRowChanging, dataTableNameRowChanged, dataTableNameRowDeleting, and dataTableNameRowDeleted. These typed event handlers pass an argument that includes the column names of your table that make code that easier to write and read.
Data Update Events
Event Description
ColumnChanging
The value in a column is being changed. The event passes the row and column to you along with the proposed new value.
ColumnChanged
The value in a column has been changed. The event passes the row and column to you along with the proposed value.
RowChanging
Changes made to a DataRow object are about to be committed back into the dataset. If you have not called the BeginEdit method, the RowChanging event is raised for each change to a column, immediately after the ColumnChanging event has been raised. If you did call BeginEdit before making changes, the RowChanging event is raised only when you call the EndEdit method.
The event passes the row to you and a value indicating what type of action (change, insert, and so on) is being performed.
RowChanged
A row has been changed. The event passes the row to you and a value indicating what type of action (change, insert, and so on) is being performed.
RowDeleting
A row is being deleted. The event passes the row to you and a value indicating what type of action (delete) is being performed.
RowDeleted
A row has been deleted. The event passes the row to you and a value indicating what type of action (delete) is being performed.
The ColumnChanging, RowChanging, and RowDeleting events are raised during the update process. You can use these events to validate data or perform other types of processing. Because the updates are in process during these events, you can cancel the update by throwing an exception, which prevents the change from being completed.
The ColumnChanged, RowChanged, and RowDeleted events are notification events that are raised when the update has been completed successfully. These events are useful when you want to take further action based on a successful update.
See Also
Show:


text:
Pulsed electric field PEF – the potential in food processing
Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing is a well known non-thermal food preservation technique, but did you know it can also be used to improve product quality and food production processes?
Pulsed electric field processing and electroporation are both used to describe the same technique. The pulsed electric field induces poration of cell membranes – that is where the word electroporation comes from. Permeabilization is another term used in this context. The cell membranes of microorganisms, plant or animal tissue can be made permeable by using PEF technology. This process of electroporation is suitable for use in a broad range of food processes and bioprocesses using low levels of energy.
Increased permeability of cell membranes
Exposure of biological cells to a sufficiently strong external electric field results in transiently or permanently increased permeability of cell membranes, referred to as 'electroporation'. Since all types of cells like animal, plant and microorganism can be effectively electroporated, without addition of viral or chemical compounds, electroporation is considered to be a universal method and a platform technology.
Food and biomass processing
Electroporation is currently used in food and biomass processing. Preservation of food by electroporation is used to maintain color, flavor and levels of antioxidants, while destroying microorganisms. Recently, extraction of intracellular components from plants as well as cryopreservation using electroporation have been demonstrated.
New applications of pulsed electric field PEF-technology
Electroporation has shown potential in pretreatment of sludge and other substrates, leading to increased biogas production. Other applications, such as water treatment, extraction of oil from algae and of sugar from sugar beets are just a few of the foreseeable new applications.
Concrete action will continue to arise in biotechnology like extraction from algae and other cell cultures, improvement of industrial processes, environment preservation like wastewater treatment, biogas production, energy harvest from biomass and food processing like extending shelf life of food, development of novel foods and obtaining new ingredients.
Challenges for use of electroporation in food processing industry
In food processing optimization toward highest energy efficiency and low operation and investment costs is required to allow for further development of PEF-technology.
Mark de Boevere, MD of Pulsemaster: "We are pleased Campden BRI currently has a Pulsemaster Solidus PEF pilot-scale batch system on site for PEF research and private contract services. Campden BRI has over 2400 member companies in 75 different countries. We welcome contact from commercial companies and science sector, interested in exploring specific applications of PEF technology for science based precision processing of healthy, structured and tasteful foods and beverages."
Dr Danny Bayliss, New Technology specialist of Campden BRI: "During PEF processing, short high voltage pulses are applied which induce pores in cell membranes. At low field strengths (<10 kV/cm) pores can be formed in the cells of both liquid and bulk food products. This offers many potential benefits to help improve processes or product quality including:
- Tissue softening – reduces the cutting force required for food products, such as potatoes, sugar beet and carrots. Reductions of up to 60% have been shown for some products
- Extraction – increased rupturing of plant cells to improve the extraction and yield of juices, proteins, nutrients, vitamins and natural colours
- Drying – improves mass transport of liquids for better drying of products
- Brining and marinating of meat products – better diffusion, reducing time and improving the quality of the cook meat products such as water holding capacity
- Meat tenderisation – releases enzymes and protein breakdown can improve tenderisation and maturation of meat
- Reduced fat uptake – reduces oil uptake during frying of vegetable based products
I am excited that we are installing new pulsed electric field equipment in our pilot plant. The Pulsemaster Solidus system will be available for confidential trials during April and May. If you are interested in exploring the potential of PEF technology for your applications then please get in touch."
Danny Bayliss: +44(0)1386 842130 _EMAIL_


We Raised $8M Series A to Continue Building Experiment Tracking and Model Registry That "Just Works"
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Blog » General » Adaptive Mutation in Genetic Algorithm With Python Examples
Adaptive Mutation in Genetic Algorithm With Python Examples
The genetic algorithm is a popular evolutionary algorithm. It uses Darwin's theory of natural evolution to solve complex problems in computer science. But, to do so, the algorithm's parameters need a bit of adjusting.
One of the key parameters is mutation. It makes random changes in the chromosomes (i.e. solutions) in order to increase quality (i.e. fitness). The mutation is applied to a fixed number of genes. Traditionally, the same number of genes are mutated across all chromosomes, regardless of their fitness.
In this tutorial, we'll see why mutation with a fixed number of genes is bad, and how to replace it with adaptive mutation. Using the PyGAD Python 3 library, we'll discuss a few examples that use both random and adaptive mutation.
Genetic algorithm quick overview
The genetic algorithm is a population-based evolutionary algorithm, where a group of solutions works together to find the optimal parameters for a problem. The below figure, from this book, summarizes all the steps in the genetic algorithm.
The population of solutions is initialized randomly, where each solution consists of a number of genes. The quality of solutions is assessed using a fitness function, which returns a numeric value representing how fit the solution is.
Initial population
This figure is copyrighted material in this book and should not be used without permission.
The high-quality (high-fitness) solutions survive longer than the ones with low fitness. The higher the fitness, the higher probability of selecting the solution as a parent to produce new offspring. To produce the offspring, pairs of parents mate using the crossover operation, where a new solution is generated that carries genes from its parents.
After crossover, mutation is applied to add some random changes over the solution. The evolution continues through a number of generations to reach the highest-quality solution.
For more information about the genetic algorithm, read this article: Introduction to Optimization with Genetic Algorithm.
Even though the same steps are applied to all types of problems, you still need to select appropriate parameters to fit different problems. Some of these parameters include:
 - The number of solutions in the population,
 - Parent selection type,
 - Crossover operator type,
 - Mutation operator type,
 - Crossover probability,
 - Mutation probability,
 - Fitness function.
For example, there are different types of parent selection, like rank and roulette wheel, and you should know which one to use when designing the algorithm for a specific problem.
The parameter we'll be focusing on is mutation probability. So, let's review the mutation operation, and whether high or low mutation probability is better.
How mutation works
Given two parents to mate, the first operation in the mating process is the crossover. The produced child just transfers some genes from its two parents. There's nothing new in the child, as all of its genes are already existing in its parents. The next figure shows how crossover works.
Crossover
This figure is copyrighted material in this book and should not be used without permission.
If there are some bad genes within the parents, they will definitely be transferred to their children after crossover. The mutation operation plays a crucial role in fixing this issue.
During mutation, some genes are randomly selected from each child where some random changes are applied. Genes are selected based on a random probability for each gene. If the probability of mutating a gene is smaller than or equal to a predefined threshold, then this gene will be selected for mutation. Otherwise, it will be skipped. We'll discuss mutation probability later on.
Let's assume there are 4 genes in the solution, as in the next figure, where only the last gene is selected for mutation. A random change is applied to change its old value 2 and the new value is 4.
Adaptive mutation
This figure is copyrighted material in this book and should not be used without permission.
After briefly reviewing how random mutation works, next we'll solve a problem using the genetic algorithm with random mutation.
Random mutation example
In this tutorial, we'll be using an open-source Python 3 library called PyGAD, which offers a simple interface to solve problems using the genetic algorithm. For more information, please check the documentation. The source code is available at _URL_.
Install PyGAD through pip as follows:
pip install pygad
Because PyGAD uses Python 3, use pip3 instead of pip for Linux and Mac.
After installing, let's use it to optimize a simple linear equation with 4 inputs and 1 output.
Y = w1X1 + w2X2 + w3X3 + w4X4
We want to get the values of w1 to w4 to make the following equation hold:
Y = w1(4) + w2(-2) + w3(3.5) + w4(5)
Here is the Python code to solve this problem:
import pygad
import numpy
function_inputs = [4,-2,3.5,5]
desired_output = 44
def fitness_func(solution, solution_idx):
 output = numpy.sum(solution*function_inputs)
 fitness = 1.0 / (numpy.abs(output - desired_output) + 0.000001)

 return fitness
ga_instance = pygad.GA(num_generations=100,
 sol_per_pop=5,
 num_genes=4,
 num_parents_mating=2,
 fitness_func=fitness_func,
 mutation_type="random")
ga_instance.run()
ga_instance.plot_result()
There are 3 steps to follow:
 1. Build the fitness function which is a regular Python function (maximization function).
 2. Create an instance of the pygad.GA class.
 3. Call the run() method.
The fitness function is named fitness_func() and it must accept 2 parameters. This function should return a number representing the solution's fitness. The higher this value, the better the solution.
In the instance of the pygad.GA class, the following arguments are used:
 - num_generations=100: Number of generations.
 - sol_per_pop=5: Population size.
 - num_genes=4: Number of genes.
 - num_parents_mating=2: Number of parents to mate.
 - fitness_func=fitness_func: Fitness function.
 - mutation_type="random": Type of mutation operation which already defaults to random.
To run the genetic algorithm, just call the run() method. After it completes, the plot_result() method can be called to show a plot summarizing the fitness values of the best solutions across all generations.
PyGAD
After the 100 generations are complete, some information about the best solution found by the genetic algorithm can be returned using best_solution().
The best solution has a fitness value of 761.4506452116121, and here are the values of w1 to w4:
w1=2.26799886
w2=-0.86295921
w3=4.85859239
w4=3._PHONE_
Next, let's discuss the importance of mutation probability.
Constant mutation probability
The mutation operation is essential in the genetic algorithm. It changes the values of some genes to increase the quality of new children. To decide whether a gene is mutated or not, mutation probability is used.
In the traditional genetic algorithm, there's only a single constant value for mutation probability. So, regardless of the fitness value of the solution, the same number of genes are mutated.
Being constant, a reasonable value for the mutation probability must be used for each problem. If the probability is high, then many genes will be mutated. If too many genes are mutated in a high-quality solution, the random changes might make this solution worse by disrupting too many of its genes. For a low-quality solution, mutating a high number of genes is beneficial to increase its quality, as it changes many of its bad genes.
On the other side, a small mutation probability causes just a few genes to be mutated. For a high-quality solution, randomly changing only some of its genes will keep its quality high, with the possibility of increasing it. For a low-quality solution, a small number of its genes are changed, so quality might still be low.
The next figure summarizes the previous discussion about using a constant mutation probability:
 - A small mutation probability is good for high-quality solutions, but bad for low-quality ones.
 - A high mutation probability is good for low-quality solutions, but bad for high-quality ones.
mutation probability
Next, we'll edit the previous Python example to feed a constant mutation probability, using the mutation_probability argument.
Constant mutation probability Python example
PyGAD offers an argument named mutation_probability in the constructor of the pygad.GA class to feed a constant mutation probability, used across all solutions regardless of their fitness (i.e. quality).The constant probability is 0.6, which means if the random probability of the gene is <=0.6, it's mutated.
import pygad
import numpy
function_inputs = [4,-2,3.5,5]
desired_output = 44
def fitness_fun


text:
The Ben Lippen Finance Director, under the supervision of the Controller, has the responsibility to provide leadership in sound fiscal management of all financial matters, including the development and management of the budget, and the management of receipts and payments. The Ben Lippen Finance Director is the liaison between the CIU Accounting Department and Ben Lippen School, and assists in budget preparation, budget control, and student billing.
- Provides leadership in developing and maintaining optimal fiscal programs and operations.
- Provides leadership in projecting and financial planning for future years.
- Assist Ben Lippen Headmaster, CIU Controller in the preparation of the annual budget for Ben Lippen School.
- Reviews all financial data coming from Ben Lippen to CIU to assure proper approval, documentation and account coding are on documents that are submitted.
- Investigates budget variances as required or requested by CIU Controller, or Ben Lippen Headmaster. Takes appropriate action as needed.
- Directs and assists in the preparation and operation of Ben Lippen student billing. Reconciles Ben Lippen student billing to CIU general ledger monthly.
- Acts as Ben Lippen liaison with the audit firm conducting the annual CIU financial audit under the supervision of the CIU Controller.
- Reviews Ben Lippen accounts receivable for delinquent accounts and assists in the implementation of delinquent policy, and collection process as needed.
- Creates Budget Analysis report for Budget officers and works with them on analyzing variances.
- Continuously analyzes processes to be automated/ improved
- Reconciles credit card statements.
- Supervises and assists in the preparation and deposit of Ben Lippen funds received.
- Serves as secretary for regular finance meetings, taking minutes, preparing required reports, updating calendar and agenda, and scheduling meetings on a regular basis.
- Creates monthly reports to be distributed to the BLS Finance Committee and headmaster.
- Other duties as assigned by CIU Controller.
- Good working knowledge of accounting procedures and software.
- Strong knowledge of billing, budgeting and accounts receivable systems.
- Competency in Microsoft Excel and Word.
- Very strong in collaborative working relationships.
- B.A.or B.S. degree in Accounting or Business required.
- Minimum of five years of accounting experience required.


text: Dave Williams has generously provided a copy of William Smith's 1828 map entitled A New Geological Map of England and Wales, with the Inland Navigations; exhibiting the Districts of Coal and other Sites of Mineral Tonnage by W. Smith, Engineer, 1828. This is a late edition; the first edition of the New Map was 1820, other copies are dated 1824 and 1827. There is no change in the geological lines between maps of varying age although the colour shade shows some variation. The maps are hand coloured. The scale is 15 miles to 1 inch and the physical size 63 by 86 cm. This map has been dissected and mounted on linen and folded with a plain marbled cover. The map is shown to the left, with the detail above shown in comparison to the 1815 map. The map is not a reduction of the 1815 map, it was redrawn on a new base from Cary's 1796 map. The map shows the Coral Rag and the geology of the Isle of Wight is similar to that shown on late versions of the 1815 map. In addition to colours, the geology is differentiated by letters which relate to the legend. This map also shows some geology on the coast of Ireland and France.


Tag: exploration
The Gospel of Jack
after which he smiled. 7. Then God located the binary swing of the atom and gave it prominence. Thus there emerged from their subsequent dance, the sky and the land. 8. He breathed air and called it Heaven, peopled the land and, called it Hell. 9. People dreamed of flying, watched birds and, like them, wished to fly. It was a grand dream that took grip of their imagination. 10. But, even those who managed to fly, found that sooner or later, they had to return to the ground. 11. What goes up, must come down. It's not rocket science. 12. Where the planes came down, at an aerodrome on the outskirts of town, a bird-chaser lived in a shack. 13. His job was to chase flocks of ducks and seagulls that gathered there and presented a hazard to planes. (They did not consider that, perhaps, the planes were a hazard to the birds). But, the duck chaser did as he was told.
14. His name was Jack and he thought a lot about flight, birds, growing olives and the meaning of life. 15. He was looking for a unified theory of everything. 16. Or rather, he was looking for the words to describe the thing that connected everything. 16. If the world is all that matters and matter is comprised of atoms, why is conscious thought still on the outside of everything? In fact, where is it located? 17. It's a very hard problem he thought. But it can't be rocket science. 18. Jack inhaled great draughts of air and as he did, he had a thought that opened like a flower of light stretching its petals. If heaven is in the sky and, the sky is air and, we breathe air, do we not have heaven within us? Surely we do not need to fly to get to heaven he thought?
a flower of light
19. Jack told his friend Felix, the owner of a local Tavern, about his idea. 20. Many pilots frequented Felix's Tavern and opened up to him about their problems, like in the movies (except this was for real). 21. One night Felix told some of them about his friend, Jack, and his theory that men did not need to fly to reach heaven. 22. You could have heard a pin drop. 23. What does a duck chaser know about the science of flight? they said, and left. 24. The dedicated fliers among them did not like this talk. It made a mockery of their endeavours. 25. Then they became angry. 26. Through friends of friends in high places, they had Jack fired from his job. 27. This did not bother Jack who moved to a shack in the country to grow olives and think.
Country scene by Hannah Scallan
28. The disgruntled airmen flew as often as possible to forget what Jack had said. 29. They grew angry and bitter, he had tainted their flights with doubt. 30. They resolved to call him evil, for he had made impure what had always been pure. 31. Only fliers and those with aeroplanes, or friends with aeroplanes they said, were loyal to the idea of heaven. 32. It is blasphemy for a person to claim that just by breathing, on his own, anyone can find heaven they exclaimed. 33. To know Heaven, a person must fly with an authorised carrier. This, they proclaimed, is the way.
The way
34. And that became law because big money was involved. 35. Jack and his kind would now face legal proceedings if they dared speak against the authorised carriers, big or small. 36. How cruel you are to take from people their dreams. Begone from our midst, leave us at least our dreams the lawyers representing the authorised carriers told Jack. 36. Jack was happy to begone from them. By begone he understood them to mean be quiet. That he could do. 37. And, the lowly breather of air departed from the lawyer's office whistling a happy tune. 38. The lawyers cracked open a box of Cohiba Siglio #3 and celebrated. They laughed and laughed. 39. They had outwitted Jack and his kind. Furthermore, they were friends with people of influence. 40. Soon, it came to pass that there were two kinds of people. Fliers who dreamed of flying and those who grew olives, had regular day jobs and just breathed.
41. The fliers became like gods. They sought to safeguard their knowledge of flight.42. After months of collaboration they produced a very special book: The Authorised Manual Of Flight. It was a Big book.
There were pages of complex illustrations
43. They filled the manual with complicated mathematics and laws of physics and equations to describe force, gravity, velocity and motion. They concluded with a chapter entitled How to fold your parachute and avoid death. 44. Initially there was a great demand for the book but since no-one could understand it, sales dropped and soon it was forgotten. 45. This pleased the fliers. There plan had worked. Their jobs were secure, as was the adoration they enjoyed from the masses. 46. The masses accepted that they were illiterate in the field of flight. They were relieved they did not need to read complicated books or learn to fly. They were happy to pay authorized carriers to carry them. 47 They continued to work hard and save like heck to pay for the privilege of being flown. 48. Everyone was happy. 49. Except the men of influence, the friends of friends of fliers. 50. Everyone was benefiting from flight but them. 51. They introduced a tax for all authorized carriers, big and small. 52. The carriers were busy, the tax was annoying but they had expected it. They increased their fares and paid their taxes. 53. Now, everyone was happy. Those who were not, did not count.
54. Meanwhile, back at his shack, Jack was happily harvesting olives and sharing his ideas with back-packers who came from all over the world to experience honest work. 55. And, they paid Jack for the work they did. This made no sense to Jack, but it was what they wanted. He was happy to comply with their wishes. It's not rocket science. 56. Besides, their company was good. 57. Jack's ideas got traction overseas. He did not spread them but the back-packers who were mostly young were liberated by his notions and upon returning home, many took up flying. They built their own flying machines. 58. The authorized carriers were not happy when they discovered that people were flying independently of them. 59. We must stop these anarchists before they destroy our way of life, they declared. 60. And the headlines in newspapers (owned by friends of friends of people of influence) read: Anarchists threaten our way of life! 61. The young flyers were stunned. They searched for the meaning of anarchist: 62. a person who believes in or tries to bring about anarchy. They then had to search the term Anarchy: a state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority or other controlling systems. 63. They quickly sought legal representation. 64. No lawyers were willing to represent them. 65. The anarchists were arrested.
66. Everyone felt better. 67. Troublemakers are selfish, the tabloids reported, never happy. 68. The authorised carriers breathed a collective sigh, smoked their cigars and went back to the skies. 69. I went back to my olives and shack, smoked my pipe and wrote this down. 70. Now I pickle olives and between thoughts, I breathe, deeply and contentedly. 71. I wish you peace. 72. The end.
I wish you peace
"Why we are never lost."
Renaissance map makers wrote the words terra incognita to indicate land (terra in Latin) that was unknown or unexplored (incognita in Latin). By the 21st century there is little left of the world to map. But what do we mean when we say the world?
In some abstract way we imagine planet earth. However, the world is never more than the square metre around one's feet.
We can never inhabit all of the world (unless you are a super-power) and yet we often speak as if we are intimate with all of it. We speak of how the world is when we can only possibly know how it is for us. How do we form our view of the world? Knowledge of current world events does not constitute knowledge of the world. We hold bits of data in our heads and imagine we know so much.
Other brave people have explored and mapped the globe, but to me it remains largely terra incognita.
I can only hope to know my self, the terrain within. It is difficult terrain and I am not always as brave as I ought to be. I am also not immortal. Time moves on, areas are left unexplored. I grow older, become less curious and more tired. That was yesterday though, today I could take on the, uh, world? Oh dear, it seems we do use the word a lot. It's figurative you see, the world is an idea, not a place.
I do not know the world, and what


text:
I would like to track total CPU and memory use on an Ubuntu 20.04 machine. For that purpose, I am about to install the sysstat library. I read the manuals of and posts on
sar and related functions, but am still confused about the syntax.
What I would like to do: Record total CPU and memory use every five seconds. Export the data once a day as CSV and delete the binary data.
What confuses me: 1. There are multiple settings specifying time intervals.
sar -u %system -r %memused 5 records CPU and memory use every five seconds. On top of that, the package generates "activity reports" every ten minutes as defined by
5-55/10 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1 in
/etc/cron.d/sysstat. I am confused about what happens every five seconds and what happens every ten minutes. Does the program first cache the data every five seconds and then writes it to a file every ten minutes? 2. Multiple functions write to disk. Which of them do I need?
sar -u %system -r %memused -o 5,
sadc -u %system -r %memused 5 -, or
sa1? 3. Do I need to execute the code that generates a daily CSV file (
sadf -d /var/log/sysstat/sa$(date +%d -d yesterday) > /home/some_user/sar_data.csv) as a chron job?
As a side note: if anyone knows of a solution that would be computationally more efficient than this sysstat approach, feel free to suggest it.


text:
Data Science Process
Here is our process explained with rough estimates how long each phase will last. Please note that estimates are here to get a sense how long can each phase last, when we get more details we can plan better (after business workshop).
Business insight as a service is an optional phase, only for clients that have the data, they know they can gain more insights but do not have clear vision how to leverage the data.
- Business insight as a service (5 - 10 days)
- Why: Purpose of this phase is to take the data, derive meaning from it and create the report with graphs and possible ideas for implementation
- How: Advisory (Data Scientists, Business Analysts, Data Wrangler)
- Input: business case explanation, data specification (some document explaining meaning of data, and what data is stored) and data itself, type of problem (is it what can be done with our data in terms of this and that? or I have this business problem, can you solve it with help of data we have or enriching it with other data?)
- Output: report with some insights, business impact of proposed solutions and implementational ideas based on business case and data, examples of inputs and outputs of each idea
- Phase 1 - business domain workshop (1 - 3 days)
- Why: we need to understand better what we are building and all business domain specifics. Also we want to build detailed plan how we will implement whole solution. This would be workshop on insights coming from former phase.
- How: Advisory On-Site (Data Scientists, Business Analysts, Data Wrangler)
- Input: key insights from business insight as a service or insights client had before contacting us (this phase can also be 1st phase in some cases, but then client knows exactly what they want)
- Output: an implementation plan with milestones, timeline and notes about important business parameters, detailed explanation which business problem will be solved and how
- Phase 2 - Feature engineering (up to 2 weeks)
- Why: after a business domain workshop, everything should be clear and we can extract important features which will be used in machine learning algorithms
- How: Advisory (Data Scientists)
- Input: notes about important business parameters, tech feasibility, other tech requirements mapping
- Output: well defined set of features to use by machine learning algorithm
- Phase 3 - Demo / prototyping (about a month)
- Why: create machine learning algorithms based on the input data set (e.g. historical data) in order to verify the idea and to test it before the actual implementation.
- How: Implementation (Team Approach: Data Scientists, Data Engineer)
- Input: Defined set of features
- Output: a clickable web demo that demonstrates the main idea as well as machine learning algorithms' outputs/results
- Phase 4 - MVP (few months, depending on the scope)
- Why: After the algorithms is verified and the output results are satisfying, we can proceed with a MVP (minimum viable product) implementation. Team approach which is blend of data engineers, devops and data scientists.
- How: Implementation (Team Approach: Data Scientists, Data Engineer, Data Ops)
- Input: verified demo with selected algorithms
- Output: a functional MVP (first product implementation)
- Phase 5 - development of other features and improvement of algorithm (ongoing)
- Why: Every algorithm can be better, and every application can have more features.
- How: Maintenance (Team Approach: Data Scientists, Data Engineer, Data Ops)


or displays the element browser button in inline records
elementBrowserAllowed (string)
Sets the list of allowed element types, e.g. file extensions for file fields. For file fields this also affects whether the "Add media by URL" button is shown if online media file extensions (e.g. youtube or vimeo ) are included.
autoSizeMax
Datatype
integer
Scope
Display
Description
Only useful in combination with foreign_selector .
If set, then the height of multiple-item selector boxes (maxitem > 1) will automatically be adjusted to the number of selected elements, however never less than "size" and never larger than the integer value of "autoSizeMax" itself (takes precedence over "size"). So "autoSizeMax" is the maximum height the selector can ever reach.
behaviour
Datatype
array
Scope
Proc.
Description
The behaviour array contains various sub properties to specify processing options like localization overlay behaviour and children behaviour for relation types. Available properties vary by type and renderType combination.
allowLanguageSynchronization
Datatype
boolean
Scope
Proc.
Description
Allows an editor to select in a localized record whether the value is copied over from default or source language record, or if the field has an own value in the localization. If set to true and if the table supports localization and if a localized record is edited, this setting enables FieldWizard LocalizationStateSelector : Two or three radio buttons shown below the field input. The state of this is stored in a json encoded array in the database table called l10n_state . It tells the DataHandler which fields of the localization records should be kept in sync if the underlying default or source record changes.
Default
false
disableMovingChildrenWithParent
Datatype
boolean
Scope
Proc.
Description
Default false. Disables that child records get moved along with their parent records. Usually if in a parent-child relation a parent record is moved to a different page (eg. via cut+paste from clipboard), the children are relocated along with the parent. This flag disables the child move.
This property can be especially useful if all child records should be gathered in one storage folder and their parents are spread out at different places in the page tree. In combination with the Tsconfig setting TCAdefaults.<table>.pid = <page id> children can be forced to be created in this folder and stay there.
enableCascadingDelete
Datatype
boolean
Scope
Proc.
Description
Default true. Usually in inline relations, if a parent is deleted, all children are deleted along with the parent. This flag can be used to disable that cascading delete. Example usage: A frontend user (parent) has assigned invoices (children). If a frontend user is deleted, it could be useful to keep the invoices.
customControls
Datatype
array
Scope
Display
Description
Numerical array containing definitions of custom header controls for IRRE fields. This makes it possible to create special controls by calling user-defined functions (userFuncs). Each item in the array item must be an array itself, with at least on key "userFunc" pointing to the user function to call.
The userFunc string is defined as usual in TYPO3 as ['class']->['method'], e.g.
\Vendor\Extension\MyClass::class . '->myUserFuncMethod'
For more details, see the implementation in TYPO3\\CMS\\Backend\\Form\\Container\\InlineControlContainer and search for "customControls".
filter
Datatype
array
Scope
Display / Proc.
Description
Possibility to define user functions to filter out child items.
This is useful in special scenarios when used in conjunction with a foreign_selector where only certain foreign records are allowed to be related to.
For further documentation on this feature, see the "filter" documentation under TYPE: "group" .
foreign_default_sortby
Datatype
string
Scope
Display
Description
If a field name for foreign_sortby is defined, then this is ignored. Otherwise, this is used as the "ORDER BY" statement to sort the records in the table when listed.
foreign_field
Datatype
string
Scope
Display / Proc.
Description
The foreign_field is the field of the child record pointing to the parent record. This defines where to store the uid of the parent record.
foreign_label
Datatype
string
Scope
Display / Proc.
Description
If set, it overrides the label set in $GLOBALS['TCA'][<foreign_table>]['ctrl']['label'] for the inline-view.
foreign_match_fields
Datatype
array
Scope
Proc.
Description
Array of field-value pairs to both insert and match against when writing/reading IRRE relations. Using the match fields, it is possible to re-use the same child table in more than one field of the parent table by using a match field with different values for each of the use cases.
Imagine you have a parent table called "company" and a child table called "persons". Now, if you want the company table to have two fields of type "inline", one called "employees" and one called "customers", both containing "persons". Then you could use a (hidden) field called "role" on the child (person) table to keep them apart. The match TCA configuration of the parent table would then look like this:
$GLOBALS['TCA']['ty_myext_company'] = [
 'columns' => [
 'employees' => [
 'config' => [
 'type' => 'inline',
 'foreign_table' => 'ty_myext_person',
 'foreign_field' => 'company',
 'foreign_match_fields' => [
 'role' => 'employee',
 ],
 ],
 ],
 'customers' => [
 'config' => [
 'type' => 'inline',
 'foreign_table' => 'ty_myext_person',
 'foreign_field' => 'company',
 'foreign_match_fields' => [
 'role' => 'customer',
 ],
 ],
 ],
 ],
];
If the match field is made editable, for instance as a select drop-down of two values, the the relation would switch between the two parent fields after change an save. Imagine a user record having "open" and "closed" issues assigned, both pointing to the same table. The user then switches the status of an issue from "open" to "closed". On save, the issue would "move over" to the "closed" section in his view.
foreign_selector
Datatype
string
Scope
Display / Proc.
Description
A selector is used to show all possible child records that could be used to create a relation with the parent record. It will be rendered as a multi-select-box. On clicking on an item inside the selector a new relation is created. The foreign_selector points to a field of the foreign_table that is responsible for providing a selector-box – this field on the foreign_table usually is of type select and also has a foreign_table defined.
foreign_sortby
Datatype
string
Scope
Display / Proc.
Description
Define a field on the child record (or on the intermediate table) that stores the manual sorting information. It is possible to have a different sorting, depending from which side of the relation we look at parent or child. This property requires that the foreign_field approach is used.
Important
If you use the table only as an inline element, do not put the sortby field in the ctrl section, otherwise TYPO3 CMS will sort the entire table with every update. For example, if you have 10000 records, each with 4 inline elements, TYPO3 CMS will sort 40000 records even if only 4 must be sorted.
foreign_table
Datatype
string (table name)
Scope
Display / Proc.
Description
Required
The table name of the child records is defined here. The table must be configured in $GLOBALS['TCA'] .
foreign_table_field
Datatype
string
Scope
Display / Proc.
Description
The foreign_table_field is the field of the child record pointing to the parent record. This defines where to store the table name of the parent record. On setting this configuration key together with foreign_field , the child record knows what its parent record is – so the child record could also be used on other parent tables.This issue is also known as "weak entity". Do not confuse with foreign_table or foreign_field . It has its own behavior.
foreign_unique
Datatype
string
Scope
Display / Proc.
Description
Field which must be unique for all children of a parent record.
Example: Say you have two tables, products, your parent table, and prices, your child table (products) can have multiple prices. The prices table has a field called customer_group, which is a selector box. Now you want to be able to specify prices for each customer group when you edit a product, but of course you don't want to specify contradicting prices for one product (i.e. two different prices for the same customer_group). That's why you would set foreign_unique to the field name "customer_group", to prevent that two prices for the same customer group can


Alternative Mortgage Transaction Parity Act - AMTPA
Dictionary Says
Definition of 'Alternative Mortgage Transaction Parity Act - AMTPA'
An act from 1982 that over-rode many state laws that prevented banks from using mortgages other than conventional fixed-rate mortgages. This act allowed for the total costs of loans to become obscured, and led to the availability of various new mortgages such as adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs), interest only mortgages, and ballon payment mortgages.
Investopedia Says
Investopedia explains 'Alternative Mortgage Transaction Parity Act - AMTPA'
Many believe that this act is the basis of the sub-prime crisis of 2007, which led to the financial crisis of 2007-2009. Many mortgage borrowers in the early 21st century obtained mortgages that they failed to understand. As borrowers began to lose their homes due to defaulting on their mortgages, house prices began to spiral downward making it even more difficult for people to refinance their homes into more affordable mortgages.
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 4. Who Is To Blame For The Subprime Crisis?
 5. This ARM Has Teeth
 Find out how to avoid getting bitten when your mortgage rate resets.
 6. What Is A Pyramid Scheme?
 7. The Best-Performing Sectors Of 2013
 A sector represents a high-level way in which analysts and investors group similar companies together. Analyzing Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts, or SPDRs, serves as one of the best proxies...
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 10. 10 Steps To Tax Preparation
 Follow these simple steps to get you ready for the income tax deadline of April 15.
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Trading Center


text:
The IEEE AESS Glue Technologies for Space Systems Technical Panel has been awarded as Outstanding Panel of the year 2020. Congratulations to all panel members!
VIDEO SERIES INITIATIVE
The IEEE AESS Glue Technologies for Space Systems Technical Panel in conjunction with Professor Alessandro Golkar of the Skoltech Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation has launched a New Space Video Series initiative on YouTube. The series consists of video lectures, and video interviews. It is an attempt to explore the phenomenon of New Space using different lenses - both technical and engineering oriented, and with different formats, such as lectures, and interviews.
SUMMER SCHOOL 2021
The IEEE AESS Glue Technologies for Space Systems Technical Panel is hosting a Ph.D. Summer School 6-13 September 2021 on Frontier Technologies for Future "Space 2.0" Communications. The recent change of perspective known also as "Space 2.0" will revolutionize the paradigms of satellite and, more in general, aerospace communications. The old role of "sky repeaters" attributed to Space network nodes no longer copes with the emerging requirements of flexibility, global and ubiquitous connectivity already emerged in the 5G vision. In such a perspective, the role of Satellite will be reconsidered in the framework of softwarized, reconfigurable and sustainable network infrastructures.
The Ph.D. Summer School Frontier Technologies for "Space 2.0" Communications aims at offering an overview of the most advanced technologies concerning a renewed vision of Space connectivity for the next decades.
1.1 Technical focus of the panel
The proposed panel is focused on those technologies that constitute the necessary common platform for the innovative systems based on Space components (satellites, UAV, rovers, landers, orbiters, etc.) that will be deployed in the near future in various application fields (satellite and aerospace communications, interplanetary communications, planet exploration, Internet of Space Things, etc.). In our view, we introduce the concept of "glue technology" that, like in global enterprises, integrates the subsidiaries and other producing units, saving their own need of autonomy. In this panel, rather than "technologies", we might deal with "technological tools" that will be used (and reused) in different and heterogeneous sectors of Space Science and Engineering. The most important "glue" in Space ICT is the exchange of data among different entities that should work in seamless networked manner. But, also data and signal processing constitutes another form of "glue" that is essential to connect the remote processing machines to the human comprehension and investigation of what happens in the Space.
The urgency of this new panel is highlighted by the change of perspective known as "Space 2.0", where it is explicitly stated the concept of "Space Intelligence", meaning the capability of building a networked cognitive Space environment, able at supporting the endeavors of Space technology researchers and developers.
The main thematic areas of the new proposed panel can be listed as follows:
- Broadband space transmissions, including multibeam satellites, mm-wave radio frequency (Q/V, W-band and beyond) and free-space optical links, to be employed for feeder link, IOL, etc.;
- Softwarization of space networking (Software Defined Radio, Software Defined Networking, Cloud RAN in the Space, resource virtualization);
- Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) and Internet of Space Things (IoST) using, among the others, small satellites and cubesats;
- Seamless integration of intelligent aerial networks and with cognitive and softwarized sky networks;
- Augmented 3D reality for manned exploration missions (e.g. on Mars);
- End-to-end system considerations of space systems;
- Integrated communication, navigation and sensing;
- Advanced signal processing and data fusion techniques for Space applications.
1.2 Major activities of the panel
- Organization of special sessions and/or workshops in IEEE AESS conferences and workshops;
- Organization of new conferences and events;
- Organization of special issues in IEEE journals concerning the topics listed in the technical areas;
- Coordination with the activities of international standardization bodies and funding agencies working in the field of satellite communications and networking;
- Operative liaisons with other IEEE satellite panels and committees (e.g. Satellite and Space Communications (SSC) technical committee of ComSoc) and with other scientific and technical associations (AIAA, ACM, etc.);
- Support of the panel to AESS awarding activities;
- Supporting student grants, Master and PhD thesis award, stimulating the participation of the students to the AESS activities and to the panel activities;
- Supporting international doctoral summer schools.
1.3 Key panel members: qualification and background
1.3.1 Panel organizers
Claudio Sacchi has a 20-year experience in satellite and Space communications. He had been actively involved since 1999 in research projects related to multimedia satellite communications and EHF satellite experimentations, funded by qualified research institutions and Space agencies (CNR, ASI, CNIT, MIUR). He obtained his PhD in Space Science and Engineering in 2003 at the University of Genoa (Italy), discussing the thesis entitled: "Advanced Signal Processing and Data Transmission Techniques for New-Generation Multimedia Satellite Networks". Besides AESS, he is member of various IEEE societies having "satellite" among their keywords and activity fields, namely: Broadcast Technology Society (BTS), Communication Society (ComSoc) and Vehicular Technology Society (VTS).
Dr. Sacchi is author of more than 100 publications in international journals and conference, many of them dealing with topics related to satellite communications and networking. He has been lead guest editor in the following special issues:
- Proceedings of the IEEE, "Aerospace Communications and Networking: History, Trends, and Future" (vol. 99, no.11, November 2011)
- IEEE Communications Magazine, "Toward the "Space 2.0 Era" (March 2015).
Since 2012, Dr. Sacchi is co-organizer of the session 4.09 of IEEE Aerospace Conference: "Wideband Communication Systems". Since 2005, he is TPC member of IEEE ICC, IEEE GLOBECOM and IEEE PIMRC conferences. In 2008, he was co-chair of the workshop: "Exploitation of Higher Frequency Bands in Broadband Aerospace Communications" (EHF-AEROCOMM), co-located with IEEE GLOBECOM 2008 conference, while, in 2009 he was co-chair of the Selected Areas on Communications (SAC) symposium for the track "Satellite and Space Communications".
Marina Ruggieri is Full Professor of Telecommunications Engineering at the University of Roma "Tor Vergata" and therein member of the Board of Directors; co-founder and Steering Board Steering Board Chair of CTIF, an Interdisciplinary Research Center on ICT and its verticals.
She has been Vice President with responsibility of the ASI Technical and Scientific Council and member of the Ministry Research Policy Experts Advisory Committee. She is arbitrator of the Italian Industries Federation for Aerospace, Defense and Security; Principal Investigator of the 40/50 GHz TPD#5 Communications Experiment on board Alphasat (launched on July 2013); 2019 IEEE Technical Expert for the Public Visibility Committee; IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society (AESS) Officer and member of the Board of Governors (2019-2021). She has been IEEE 2017 Vice President, Technical Activities. She is recipient of 1990 Piero Fanti International Prize; 2009 Pisa Donna Award for women in engineering; 2013 Excellent Women in Roma Award; 2011 AESS Service Award. She has been inducted as a Professional into the IEEE Honor Society Eta Kappa Nu (HKN); IEEE Fellow "for contributions to millimeter-wave satellite communications". Author/co-author of 350 papers, 1 patent and 12 books.
1.3.2 Panel founding members
- Claudio Sacchi (University of Trento, Italy)
- Marina Ruggieri (University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy)
- Kar-Ming Cheung (Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA)
- Nicola Conci (University of Trento, Italy), IEEE member, SPS member
- Fabrizio Granelli (University of Trento, Italy), IEEE Senior member, ComSoc member
- Mario Marchese (University of Genoa, Italy), IEEE Senior member, ComSoc member
- Maurizio Murroni (University of Cagliari, Italy), IEEE Senior member, BTS member
- Michael Noble (L3 Technologies, New York, NJ), IEEE AESS, GRSS, APS, and Photonics Society member
- Vlad Popescu (University of Transilvania, Brasov, Romania), IEEE member, BTS member
- Michael Rice (Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Fellow IEEE, AESS member
- Tommaso Rossi (University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy)
- Christian Schlegel (HCDC llc, Park City, UT, Acoubit Communications, Halifax, NS, Canada), IEEE Fellow
1.3.3 Panel members
Chair: Claudio Sacchi
Vice Chair: Mike Noble
Secretary: Riccardo Bassoli
- Mohammed Slim Alouini (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology – KAUST, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
- Ernestina Cianca (University of Roma,Tor Vergata, Italy)
- Giuseppe Codispoti (Italian Space Agency, ASI, Italy)
- Mauro De Sanctis (University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy)
- Michael Devetsikiotis (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA)
- Walt Downing (Southwest Research Institute, TX, USA)
- Barry Evans (University of Surrey, UK)
- Alessandro Golkar (Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation Skoltech, Skolkovo, Russia)
- Ben Glass (Altaeros Energies, Boston,


text:
Jong-Hoon Nam received his BS and MS degree from Seoul National University in South Korea and PhD degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Tech in 2005. After postdoctoral period at Virginia Tech and University of Wisconsin, he joined the faculty of mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering departments at the University of Rochester in 2010. His research area is mechano-biology of the inner ear. Through computational analysis and experiments, he seeks to understand the biophysical properties and mechanisms of the inner ear sensory organs that enables them to select and amplify mechanical stimuli such as sound, gravity and acceleration.
Our laboratory investigates how inner ear sensory systems work - how the inner ear selects and amplifies external stimuli. Inner ear sensory cells are called mechanoelectric transducers because they are mechanically stimulated by surrounding soft tissues or fluid to generate electric signals. We focus on the mechanical interaction between the inner ear sensory cells and their surrounding structures. Computational and experimental methods are combined for our research. Various engineering/biological principles are incorporated such as structural acoustics, micro-fluidics, microelectromechanical systems, and electrophysiology.
Our goal is to contribute to understanding sensorineural hearing and balance disorders and provide new insights for the design of biologically inspired mechano-transduction sensors and prosthetics.


image
image
image
Euclidean Shortest Path Algorithm
Screen shot of ESP programming example
Euclidean Shortest Path algorithm calculates unobstructed shortest path between two points in space or on the surface of object(s).
The algorithm was developed initially in an application for the simulation of muscle wrapping around human joints. It is also useful for tool path optimisation and other technical applications.
The algorithm can be used directly by calling an API implemented in a DLL from various environments and languages without using KernelCAD components.
The functionality can be evaluated using the ESP example (source code provided) of the standard KernelCAD installation.
The algorithm is licensed separately from the rest of KernelCAD suite. Contact us for more information.
image

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text:
First, you'll need to configure AWS to work with Internal. Then, enter the following information to connect your database to Internal:
When you connect DynamoDB to Internal, we'll generate the following automatically:
Internal uses the Dynamo Query operation to perform filtering. This allows filtering on Sort Keys only, for both tables and indexes. We do not use the Dynamo Scan operation for use in filtering as each query would require an entire table scan in order to provide accurate results.
To enable filtering on specific columns, you can create a Global Secondary Index with a constant partition key and the field you want to filter on as the sort key. This groups all records into one partition on the index, allowing the sort key to be used for filtering purposes. There are no size restrictions on Partition keys for Global Secondary Indexes.
All operators are supported for the partition key. Only the "=" operator is supported for sort keys.


text:
Close range projection reduces not only shadows of the presenter but also glare of the projection light,
making lectures and meetings less stressful.
You can write letters or draw figures on the projected image with an interactive pen. Then you can store these letters and figures in a computer.
The interactive function allows efficient and effective presentations and promotes information sharing.
*The interactive function: PT-TW231R only.
Note: In order to allow the sensor of the projector to accurately detect the position of projected screen,
please install the Light Pen II software and execute the calibration first.
For better understanding of lectures
The teacher makes the students write answers on the whiteboard to increase their feelings of involvement in the class and their levels of understanding.
For facilitating information-sharing meeting
You can immediately digitalize the contents written on the screen for information sharing.
For more realistic training
The presenter writes key points and new data on the whiteboard in real time to conduct realistic training.
For more compelling presentations
Projection and writing on a large screen make presentations more compelling.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Patrick Ye, Timothy Baldwin
In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based NLP system for automatically creating animated storyboards using the action descriptions of movie scripts. We focus particularly on the importance of verb semantics when generating graphics commands, and find that semantic role labelling boosts performance and is relatively robust to the effects of unseen verbs.
Subjects: 13. Natural Language Processing; 6.4 Virtual Reality
Submitted: Apr 15, 2008


text:
separate the soldier from the conflict and have sympathy for the former without supporting the latter, but by adopting the footage of digital helmet cams and camera phones, it also premediates what future representations might look like. The first person perspective, directed by the military, might well become the only version of war available – packaged and disseminated in ways the digital generation will appreciate.
 Despite the BBC's stated intention of appealing to a younger demographic, the series has very little presence on social media. It does have a Facebook page and Twitter stream, but there appears to have been no activity on them since 2012 and 2011.
 I explore this in more detail in 'Brutal Games: The First Person Shooter and Cultural Story of World War II.' Cinema Journal, 54:2, February 2015, 94-113. See also Joanna Bourke An Intimate History of Killing: Face-to-Face Killing in Twentieth Century Warfare. New York: Basic Books, 1999 for an in-depth discussion of this topic.
Debra Ramsay is an Associate Researcher with Glasgow University on the AHRC project 'Technologies of Memory and Archival Regimes: war diaries after the connective turn' (ref AH/Loo4232/1). She is author of American Media and the Memory of World War II (Routledge, 2015). She has published articles on the impact of DVD and Blu-Ray technologies on the relationship between history, film and television, and on the First Person Shooter and the memory of World War II.