text:
Nonlinear finite elements/Homework 11
Problem 1: Small Strain Elastic-Plastic Behavior
For small strains, the strain tensor is given by
In classical (small strain) rate-independent plasticity we start off with an additive decomposition of the strain tensor
Assuming linear elasticity, we have the following elastic stress-strain law
Let us assume that the theory applies during plastic deformation of the material. Hence, the material obeys an associated flow rule
where is the plastic flow rate, is the yield function, is the temperature, and is an internal variable.
Answer the following questions. Show your derivations in a clear and step-by-step manner.
Part 1
Let be the equivalent plastic strain, defined as
Express the time derivative of in terms of and. This is the evolution law for.
Part 2
For an adiabatic process, the rate of change of temperature can be written as
where is the Taylor-Quinney coefficient, is the density, and is the specific heat. Express in terms of and. This is the evolution law for.
Part 3
Write down the rate form of the elastic stress-strain law. Assume that deformations are small so that objectivity of the rates is not a concern.
Part 4
The consistency condition during plastic flow requires that
Write down an expression for the time derivative of using the chain rule.
Part 5
Use the consistency condition and the expressions you have derived in the previous parts to derive an expression for in terms of,,,, and.
Part 6
The continuum elastic-plastic tangent modulus is defined by the following relation
Derive an expression for the elastic plastic tangent modulus using the results you have derived in the previous parts.
Part 7
The theory of plasticity also states that the material satisfies the von Mises yield condition
where is the deviatoric part of the stress. Derive an expression for in terms of the normal to the yield surface
Part 8
The yield stress is given by the Johnson-Cook model
where is the initial yield stress, are constants, is a reference temperature, and is the melt temperature. Derive expressions for, and for the von Mises yield condition with the Johnson-Cook flow stress model.
Part 9
Assume that the elastic response of the material is linear, i.e.,
Derive the expression for the elastic-plastic tangent modulus for a von Mises yield condition with Johnson-Cook flow stress for a linear elastic material using the expressions that you have derived in the previous parts.
Part 10
Discretize the equations for (equation 1), (from part 1), and (from part 2) using Forward Euler. Use the following notation in your discretized equations:
where is the time step, is the value of at, is the value of at.
Part 11
The Kuhn-Tucker loading-unloading conditions are
Write down a discrete form of the Kuhn-Tucker conditions.
Part 12
In the radial return algorithm, we define a trial elastic state as
where are the stress and strain at and are the values at. Show that, if the elastic response of the material is linear, equation (2) can be written as
Hint: Start by showing that
Part 13
Starting from equation (3) show that
where is the deviatoric part of and is the deviatoric part of.
Part 14
Hint: The stress is given by
Express this equation in terms of and. Then use the discretized equation for (part 10) and the relation for for isotropic elasticity. Finally compute the deviatoric stress terms after showing that
Part 15
The discretized form of the Kuhn-Tucker conditions in conjunction with the consistency condition gives us
Use this condition and the relations you have derived in the previous sections to arrive at a nonlinear equation in that can be solved using Newton iterations.
Part 16
Let the nonlinear equation be. Recall that the Newton method requires that we iterate using the formula
where is the Newton iteration number. Derive an expression for the derivative of that is required in the above formula.
(You can use Computational Inelasticity by J.C. Simo and T.J.R. Hughes for pointers.)
Problem 2: Billet Upset Forging
Consider the isothermal upset forging of the cylindrical billet shown in Figure 2.
Assume that the dies are rigid. Also assume that sticking friction is in effect between the billet and the die faces when they are in contact.
The billet has an initial radius of 10 mm and its initial height is 30 mm. The shear modulus of the material is 384.6 MPa, the bulk modulus of the material is 833.3 MPa, the initial yield stress is 1 MPa and the linear hardening modulus is 3 MPa.
Model a quarter of the cylinder using symmetry boundary conditions.
Apply a compressive force of 1 kN to the die.
- Plot the final shape of the billet. Compare your results with those shown in Simo and Hughes (Fig. 9.8, p. 325).
- Plot a curve of the die force (kN) versus the die stroke (mm). Compare your results with those shown in Simo and Hughes. Do you observe any volumetric locking?
(Use an implicit software to solve these problems.)
Problem 3: Taylor Impact Tests
Consider the impact of a cylindrical Taylor impact specimen on a rigid target. The undeformed and deformed profiles of the specimen are shown in in Figure 3.
The initial length of the specimen is 30 mm. The initial diameter is 6 mm. The initial velocity is 188 m/s. The initial temperature is 718 K.
The material of the specimen is OFHC copper. The properties of the bar are (in SI units):
|Coeff. Thermal Expansion||1.76e-5|
The plastic deformation of the specimen is described by the Johnson-Cook model and plasticity. The Johnson-Cook model parameters are (in SI units):
- Use LS-DYNA to simulate the Taylor impact test. Assume that there is no friction between the anvil and the specimen. Plot the final deformed shape of the specimen and compare that with the experimentally determined shape given in the table below. What differences do you observe and why?
Point x (mm) y (mm) 1 0.000000 0.000000 2 5.436409 0.000000 3 4.711554 0.852540 4 4.611804 2.040725 5 4.581879 3.228910 6 4.615129 4.141866 7 4.585204 4.980980 8 4.448878 6.175878 9 4.312552 7.223092 10 4.073150 8.344149 11 3.870324 9.465205 12 3.597672 10.868203 13 3.388196 11.707317 14 3.218620 12.902215 15 3.152120 13.949429 16 2.982544 15.070486 17 2.952618 16.674871 18 0.000000 16.674871 19 0.000000 0.000000
- You can generate a mesh in ANSYS and tranfer it to LS-DYNA if you want.
- Show whether energy is conserved during your simulation.


text:
Aylsham Navigation History
More history of The Navigation
The Diaries of Mary Hardy give a valuable picture of the life and times of a farmer's wife around the time of the Aylsham Navigation
The historian Margaret Bird has researched this era. Here is a link to her website
Aylsham Navigation history
In 1773 Parliament passed The Aylsham Navigation Act. This gave the go ahead for the construction of five locks, along a 9½ mile stretch of the River Bure one at each end at Coltishall and Aylsham and three at the mills at Oxnead, Buxton and Burgh. Work on canalizing the river began in 1774 and it was finally opened in 1779 greatly increasing the wealth of Aylsham and the villages above Coltishall over the next century.
With added channels and five locks the River Bure was accessible to wherries from Horstead Mill to the staithe at Aylsham, carrying many goods in both directions. It declined after the railway arrived and was damaged beyond repair by the great flood of August 1912 when all five locks and the bridges were damaged beyond economic repair. The remains of the locks at Coltishall, Oxnead, Burgh and Aylsham can still be seen.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO)
What it is:
A qualified domestic relations order (QDRO) is a legal document used to split a person's retirement plan, usually as part of a divorce decree.
How it works (Example):
For example, let's assume that Jane and John are getting divorced. John has a 401(k) with $500,000 in it. The presiding judge decides that they will split the 401(k) 50/50. In order to officially do so, the judge will sign a QDRO (pronounced "quadro") directing the account's custodian to put 50% of the 401(k) in a separate account under Jane's name.
A QDRO must specifically describe the percentage of benefits to be allocated to the ex-spouse. It may not award amounts or benefits that are not available under the spouse's retirement plan.
Why it Matters:
QDROs help people allocate tax responsibilities after divorce. In our example, Jane becomes responsible for any taxes incurred when she begins taking distributions of the 401(k) money. Without the QDRO, John would have been legally responsible for the taxes on the distributions, even if he gives or is ordered to give Jane the proceeds.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Addressing Systemic Racism and Disparate Mental Health Outcomes for Youth of Color, An Issue of Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics (The Clinics: Internal Medicine, Volume 31-2) (Original PDF from Publisher)
Format : Publisher PDF
File Size : 7.4 MB
ISBN : 9780323987653
By Lisa Fortuna MD MPH M.Div, Cheryl S. Al Mateen M.D. FAACAP DLFAPA, Lisa M. Cullins MD, W. David Lohr MD DFAPA DFAACAP
In this issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, guest editors Drs. Lisa Fortuna, Cheryl S. Al-Mateen, Lisa M. Cullins, and W. David Lohr bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Systemic Racism and Disparate Mental Health Outcomes for Youth of Color. This issue represents a collaboration by American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry committee members and includes contributions by top experts in the field. It is an invaluable resource for practicing psychiatrists looking to address the unique needs and experiences of black and BIPOC youth in their practices.
- Contains 15 relevant, practice-oriented topics including the intersection of race and ethnicity with mental health service utilization in foster care youth; understanding systemic racism and racial inequity juvenile justice system involvement; racial disparities in the education system; suicide among minoritized and marginalized youth; trauma and youth of color; parenting and family-based care; and more.
- Provides in-depth clinical reviews on systemic racism and disparate mental health outcomes for youth of color, offering actionable insights for clinical practice.
- Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
- Publisher : Elsevier (April 15, 2022)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 240 pages
- ISBN-10 : _PHONE_
- ISBN-13 : 978-_PHONE_
- ISBN-13 : 9780323987653
- eText ISBN: 9780323987660


Ph rigid body mechanics
ph rigid body mechanics Lecture 14 – rigid body kinematics instructor: sudhir khetan, phd wednesday, may 1, 2013 particle vs rigid body mechanics.
View rigidbody from chemical r cl303 at indian institute of technology, guwahati rigid body dynamics : ph 101 : 2015 : lecture notes girish s setlur and ashwini kumar sharma rigid body. Constrained rigid body dynamics, contact mechanics ms 2004 and phd 2007 rigid body dynamics evan hemingway and christopher daily-diamond. Ph 111x studio physics-mechanics i this course is a continuation of the treatment of mechanics started in ph 2201 topics covered include: rigid-body dynamics. Rigid body dynamics (i) comp768: october 4, 2007 "impulse-based dynamic simulation of rigid body systems," phd thesis, university of california, berkeley. Ph 425 : general motion of rigid bodies l is the value we would calculate from fixed-axis mechanics of coordinates at the center of mass of a rigid body.
This thesis presents a modern formulation of rigid body mechanics in spaces of constant curvature it consists of a theoretical and a practical part. Shawn kenny, phd, peng assistant professor faculty of engineering and applied science memorial university of newfoundland [email protected] Rotational motion of rigid bodies november 28 the change of any vector r embedded in a rigid body due to an in mechanics of rigid bodies orientations are. Rigid body mechanics mathematics, physics and holds an ma in mathematics from the university of colorado and a phd and mphil in astronomy from yale. Physics 106a topics in classical physics (the first half of ph 106b will be an introduction to chaotic behavior in rigid body with one point fixed, the.
Lecture 6 when can you say that a rigid body is in equilibrium ∑f lecture 6 - equilibrium of rigid bodies v15bpdf excerpt from ph journal of. Ph 462/562 classical mechanics ii spring semester rigid body motion in solving problems involving motion in the following classic areas of mechanics (ph 462. Rigid body mechanics: mathematics william b heard holds an ma in mathematics from the university of colorado and a phd and mphil in astronomy from yale. A covariant approach to the quantisation of a rigid body straint as conﬁguration space for the rigid body mechanics his phd thesis [9.
Ph 2202, intermediate mechanics ii this course is a continuation of the treatment of mechanics started in ph 2201 topics covered include: rigid-body dynamics. Lie groups and mechanics, an introduction we start with the motion of the rigid body for although the physically meaningful rigid body mechanics is in. Buy rigid body mechanics: mathematics, physics and applications on amazoncom free shipping on qualified orders.
Ph rigid body mechanics
Physics (ph) catalog navigation ph 551 - quantum mechanics i variational principles and lagrangian mechanics, rigid body motion. Welcome to the study site for engineering mechanics statics and dynamics ninth and tenth edition by rc hibbeler please contact your prentice hall sales rep.
Engi 1313 mechanics i lecture 01: prentice hall website rigid body mechanics deformation mechanics fluid. Rigid bod y collisions some general ph ysical realization e body collision b et w een t o nite b o dies tw o colliding b o dies or mec hanisms. Classical mechanics: from newtonian to this course starts from basics of newtonian mechanics then we introduce rigid introduction to rigid body. Rigid-body mechanics • a basic requirement for the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies and the mechanics of fluids (advanced courses.
Engr 2302 - engineering mechanics ii: phd and the associated on-line to study and understand the basic concepts of rigid-body mechanics. Bng 202 – biomechanics ii lecture 14 – rigid body kinematics instructor: sudhir khetan, phd wednesday, may 1, 2013 particle vs rigid body mechanics. Ph 101 - general physics i semester hours: 4 introductory non-calculus based course the basic laws of physics and their application to specific problems: newtonian mechanics, energy, conservation laws, and thermodynamics. Phd candidate school analytical solutions for a spinning rigid body subject to time-varying body manuscript received by the asme applied mechanics. An undergraduate guide into experimental physics: rigid body mechanics and oscillations by mark sterrett [email protected] last edit: october 2013. These rebounds cannot be predicted from within rigid body mechanics without additional constitutive modeling assumptions phd thesis, jan 1997.
ph rigid body mechanics Lecture 14 – rigid body kinematics instructor: sudhir khetan, phd wednesday, may 1, 2013 particle vs rigid body mechanics. ph rigid body mechanics Lecture 14 – rigid body kinematics instructor: sudhir khetan, phd wednesday, may 1, 2013 particle vs rigid body mechanics. ph rigid body mechanics Lecture 14 – rigid body kinematics instructor: sudhir khetan, phd wednesday, may 1, 2013 particle vs rigid body mechanics.
Ph rigid body mechanics
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Quick Answer: Are Dragons Evil Or Good?
Are Red Dragons evil?
Red dragons, referred to by sages as D.
conflagratio horribilis, were covetous, evil creatures, interested only in their own well-being, vanity and the extension of their treasure hoards.
The largest and most powerful of the chromatic dragons, red dragons were also the most fearsome and cruel..
What do dragons hate?
Depends on the dragon… but if we are talking about sapient aetheric entities (and not fantasy species or symbols) dragons hate the followings mostly:stupidity.ignorance.small talks.emotionalism.
Are dragons bad luck?
What is the most evil dragon?
Glaurung1) Glaurung (from JRR Tolkien's The Silmarillion) The most evil of all the evil dragons I've encountered in books, TV or movies over the years is, without a doubt, Glaurung. In the history of Middle Earth, Glaurung is the Father of Dragons, the first dragon bred by the evil god Morgoth.


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For years, Roblox was a popular online gaming platform with millions of users. However, over the weekend, a security flaw made it possible for hackers to access user data and steal usermods. This resulted in the loss of over $500,000 worth of Roblox accounts and the theft of over 1 million pieces of user data. While this is a serious security breach, it is also an example of why Roblox should be more careful about how it handles user data.
What is Roblox and how did it come to be?
Roblox is an online game platform where users can create, share, and play games. It was created by former employees of social media site Google Plus. Roblox became popular after its release in January 2014 and quickly became one of the most popular gaming platforms on the internet.
The online game Roblox is often seen as a toy for children, but the story of how it came to be is anything but. Roblox was founded in 2013 by two people who wanted to create a game that wasn't just for kids. The game has since been downloaded more than 1 billion times and is commonly used to make collaborations and connect with friends, both online and in-game.
Roblox the platform for creativity and imagination
Roblox is a platform for creativity and imagination that allows users to make and share content. It has been used by people in the United States and Europe to create games and websites. The platform is growing in popularity and is expected to be more popular in the future.
When it comes to creativity and imagination, Roblox is definitely the platform to go to. With its variety of user-created content and tools, Roblox has always been a haven for creative minds. This year, however, the platform is taking on a new level with the introduction of its own creativity ecosystem. This new initiative allows users to create and share creative works with other members of the Roblox community, as well as receive feedback and suggestions from others in the platform.
Roblox is a social platform for creativity and imagination, where users can create and share games, stories, and other content. It has been used by millions of people around the world, and is considered one of the most popular social platforms in history. With Roblox, users can express their creative ideas and fantasies in an online environment that is easy to use and navigate.
Roblox: the social gaming phenomenon that's still growing
Roblox is a social gaming phenomenon that has been around since 2009. Despite its short lifespan, the game has managed to maintain a large following by appealing to a wide range of users. Roblox is one of the most popular social gaming platforms on the web, with over 2 million users. The game has been featured on many news sites and has even been mentioned in books and movies.
Roblox is one of the most popular social gaming platforms on the internet. It's a game platform where users can create and join games with other users. The platform has been around since 2009, and it continues to grow in popularity. This article will explore how Roblox is growing, and what its potential future holds.
Roblox has been around since 2009, but it's only recently that it's become an online sensation. With over 1 billion active users, Roblox is one of the most popular social gaming platforms on the web. Whether you're a first-time player or an experienced gamer, there's something for you on Roblox.


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|Alternative names||Dorkunu, komi|
|Place of origin||West Africa|
|Main ingredients||Ground corn|
Kenkey or Dorkunu or Komi is a staple dish similar to a sourdough dumpling from the Akan, Ga and Ewe inhabited regions of West Africa, usually served with a soup, stew, or sauce. Areas where kenkey is eaten are southern Ghana, eastern Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, western Benin, Guyana (where it is known as "konkee"), and Jamaica. It is usually made from ground corn (maize), like sadza and ugali. It is also known in Jamaica as dokunoo, dokono, dokunu, (the Asante refer to the same dish as 'Dɔkono' pronounced as 'Dorkono'), blue drawers, and tie-a-leaf. In the cuisine of the Caribbean, it is made with cornmeal, plantain, green banana, sweet potato(Asante and Jamaican version, which came from the Asanti version) or cassava, wrapped in banana leaves. The food is derived from African cooking traditions. Unlike ugali, making kenkey involves letting the maize ferment before cooking. Therefore, preparation takes a few days in order to let the dough ferment. After fermentation, the kenkey is partially cooked, wrapped in banana leaves, corn husks, or foil, and steamed. There are several versions of kenkey, such as Ga and Fante kenkey.
- 6-8 cups of corn (maize) flour or cornmeal (ground corn or ground maize); (White cornmeal is preferred, it should be finely ground, like flour. Latin American style corn flour, as is used in tortillas, tamales, pupusas, etc. is the right kind)
- Banana leaves, or maize or corn husks, or aluminum foil to wrap dough in (the leaves or husks may be available at African, Asian, or Latino groceries)
Fermented cornmeal dough
In a large container combine the corn flour (or corn flour and grated cassava) with just enough warm water to dampen all of it. Mix well. Cover the container with a clean cloth. Set it in a warm place, such as a warmed oven or on top of the refrigerator, for two to three days. Fermentation may take longer than two days, especially in cool climates. (Note: a warmed oven is an oven that has been heated for a few minutes then turned off. The flour should ferment, not cook.) When it is properly fermented, it should have a slightly sour, but not unpleasant, aroma, like rising bread dough. Overly fermented corn flour will not taste right.
Prepare the corn flour as described above, and let it ferment for about six hours. Then mix one tablespoon of vinegar into the wet corn flour.
Soak the dry corn in water. After three days drain and wash the corn in fresh water. Grind it and add some water to make it into a dough with a smooth surface. Keep it in a warm place to ferment for two to three days before using it to prepare the kenkey. Before using it for the preparation the moldy surface on top should be removed and discarded.
- Knead the fermented dough with your hands until it is thoroughly mixed.
- In a large pot, bring one cup of water to a boil. Slowly add one part of the fermented dough. Cook for about ten minutes, stirring constantly and vigorously. Remove from heat. This half of the dough is called the "aflata".
- Combine the "aflata" with the remaining uncooked dough. Mix well. The proportion of raw dough to aflata determines the softness of the kenkey after cooking.
- Divide the "aflata"and raw dough mixture into serving-sized pieces. Wrap the pieces tightly in banana leaf, maize or corn husks, or foil. Banana leaves are more flexible if they have been briefly warmed in a hot oven or a pot of boiling water. The wrapped dough should look like burritos or tamales. Cooking string can be used to tie the wrapping closed.
- Place the wrapped dough packets on a wire rack above water in a large pot. Bring to a boil and steam for one to three hours, depending on their size and thickness. Serve room-temperature.
- Ga Kenkey is usually served hot with a red pepper sauce made of grounded chili pepper, onions and tomatoes; and a black pepper sauce locally called shito.
- Fante Kenkey is usually served warm with tomato gravy or palaver sauce. It may also go with any fish, poultry, or meat dish from Western Africa. In Ghana, guests are often served Fante Kenkey with red pepper sauce and canned sardines or fried fish, especially if they have arrived unannounced or after the family's evening meals.
The water used in boiling the kenkey is used as a drink when a maize or corn husks is used as the wrapper for cooking the kenkey. This water is called otinshi nu.
Note: Ready-to-use fermented cornmeal dough made especially for banku and kenkey may be available at African grocery stores and should be prepared according to package instructions.
- Jamaican Cooking: 140 Roadside and Homestyle Recipes.
- "Regional Dishes". touringghana. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- "KENKEY". Ghanaweb. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- Phil Bartle. "Kwasi Bruni; Corn and the Europeans". VCN.org.
- "West Africa Recipe - Cooking Kenkey". West Africa Secondary School, Accra Ghana. PBS Kids.
- "Questions and Answers > Food products > What is kenkey and how is it made?". Food-info.net. Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
- Fran Osseo-Asare (March 28, 2007). "Ghana-style Kenkey". Betumi.com.


NSArray enumeration performance examined
One day, I was thinking about NSArray enumeration (also called iteration): since Mac OS X 10.6 and iOS 4, there's the wonderful new world of blocks, and with it came enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:. I assumed it must be slower than fast enumeration (for (object in array) {... }) due to overhead, but I didn't know for sure and thus decided to actually measure the performance.
Which kinds of enumeration do exist?
Basically, we have four kinds of enumeration available (see also Mike Ash's Friday Q&A 2010-04-09: Comparison of Objective-C Enumeration Techniques).
 1. objectAtIndex: enumeration
 NSUInteger count = [myArray count];
 [self doSomethingWith:[myArray objectAtIndex:index]];
 2. NSEnumerator
 NSEnumerator *enumerator = [myArray objectEnumerator];
 id object;
 while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
 [self doSomethingWith:object];
 3. NSFastEnumerator
 id object;
 for (object in myArray) {
 [self doSomethingWith:object];
 4. Block enumeration
 [self doSomethingWith:object];
 [self doSomethingWith:object];
Linear enumeration
First, let's discuss linear enumeration: one item after the other.
NSArray enumeration performance, Mac OS X, logarithmic scale NSArray enumeration performance, Mac OS X, linear scale NSArray enumeration performance, iOS, logarithmic scale NSArray enumeration performance, iOS, linear scale
Somewhat surprisingly, NSEnumerator is even slower than using objectAtIndex:. This is true for both Mac OS X and iOS. I suspect this is due to the enumerator checking whether the array was modified with each iteration. Somewhat unsurprisingly, fast enumeration holds up to its name and is the fastest solution.
For small arrays, block enumeration is a bit slower than objectAtIndex:, but with more elements in the array the performance becomes almost as fast as fast enumeration.
The difference between fast enumeration and NSEnumeration is already quite big with a million entries: on the iPhone 4S, the former took about 0.037 seconds while the later took about 0.140 seconds. That's already a factor of 3.7.
An oddity
The very first time an NSArray is allocated in a program and the very first time an enumerator is requested with objectEnumerator it takes an unusual long time to complete. For example, to allocate an array with one element the median was 415 nanoseconds on my 2007 MacBook Pro 17". But the very first time an array was allocated it take more than 500,000 nanoseconds, sometimes even up to 1,000,000 nanoseconds! The same with querying the enumerator: instead of the median of 673 nanoseconds it took also took more than 500,000 nanoseconds.
I can only guess about the reason, but I suspect lazy loading is to blame. You probably won't notice this in a real application because by the time your code is running Cocoa or Cocoa Touch probably already has created an array.
Concurrent enumeration
Block enumeration offers the option to enumerate the objects concurrently, if possible. This means the work load is potentially spread over several CPU cores. Not every operation to be done while enumerating can be parallelized, so concurrent enumeration only makes sense if no locking is required within the block: either because each operation really is absolutely independent or because atomic operations can be used (like OSAtomicAdd32 and friends).
So, how well does it perform compared to the other enumeration methods?
The graphs
NSArray enumeration performance with concurrency, Mac OS X, logarithmic scale NSArray enumeration performance with concurrency, Mac OS X, linear scale NSArray enumeration performance with concurrency, iOS, logarithmic scale NSArray enumeration performance with concurrency, iOS, linear scale
For small number of elements, the concurrent enumeration is by far the slowest method. This probably has to do with the additional work that needs to be done preparing the array for concurrent access and starting the threads (I don't know whether GCD or "traditional" threading is used and it doesn't matter; it's an implementation detail we shouldn't need to care about).
However, if the array is large enough all of a sudden concurrent enumeration becomes the fastest method, just as expected. On the iPhone 4S and a million entries, it took about 0.024 seconds to enumerate with concurrent enumeration, but 0.036 seconds with fast enumeration. By contrast, NSEnumeration took 0.139 seconds for the same array! That's already a pretty big difference, a factor of 5.7.
On my office 2011 iMac 24" with a Core i7 quad-core CPU, the million entries where enumerated concurrently in 0.0016 seconds. Fast enumeration of the same array took 0.0044 seconds and NSEnumeration 0.0093 seconds. That's a factor of 5.8 which is pretty close to the iPhone 4S results. I was expecting a bigger difference here, though. On my 2007 MacBook Pro with Core2 Duo dual-core CPU, the factor was "just" 3.7 here.
The threshold when concurrent enumeration became useful was somewhere between 10,000 and 50,000 elements in my tests. With less elements, just go with normal block iteration.
I also wanted to know whether the performance is any different depending on how the array was created. I tested two different methods:
 1. Create a C array which references the object instances and create the array using initWithObjects:count:.
 2. Create a NSMutableArray and subsequently add objects using addObject:.
There's no difference when iterating, but there is a difference when allocating: the initWithObjects:count: method is faster. With a very large number of objects, this difference can become significant. Here's an example on how to create an array with NSNumbers:
NSArray *generateArrayMalloc(NSUInteger numEntries) {
 id *entries;
 NSArray *result;
 entries = malloc(sizeof(id) * numEntries);
 for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < numEntries; i++) {
 entries[i] = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:i];
 result = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:entries count:numEntries];
 return result;
NSArray allocation performance, Mac OS X, logarithmic scale NSArray allocation performance, Mac OS X, linear scale NSArray allocation performance, iOS, logarithmic scale NSArray allocation performance, iOS, linear scale
How did I measure?
You can download the test application to see how I've measured. Basically I'm measuring how long it takes to iterate an array without actually doing anything else, and repeat that 1000 times. For the graph, the median for each array size was taken. Compilation was done with optimization turned off (-O0). For iOS, testing was done with an iPhone 4S. For Mac OS X, I used my 2007 MacBook Pro 17" and my office 2011 iMac 24". The graphs for Mac OS X show the results of the iMac, but on the MacBook Pro the graphs looked similar, it just was slower.


(B)
1. Ensure that the joint is centralised on the lower
handle.
2. Line up the hole in the joint with the hole in the
lower handle.
3. Insert the square headed bolt through the hole in
the joint and the hole in the lower handle.
4. Insert an M6 nut into the lower wing knob.
5. Fit washer, then wing knob and tighten.
6. Insert handle tube into joint, lining up the holes.
7. Insert screw through joint and handle tube. Fit M5
nut and tighten screw.
C
Assembly of switch handle to handle tube (C)
1. Insert the handle tube into the switch handle,
ensuring the handle is in an upright position and
lining up the holes.
2. Push bolt through the holes.
3. Insert M6 nut into the upper wing knob.
4. Fit washer, then wing knob and tighten.
D
Cable clips (D)
1. Fit the cable to the handles with the clips provided.
2. Ensure the the cable is secured under the clip on
the hood.
Starting and Stopping
E
Lock-off button
Switch lever
Starting
1. Hold as illustrated in Figure E.
2. To start, press the lock-off button down, whilst
pressing the lock-off button, squeeze the switch
lever.
Stopping
1. To stop your product, release the switch lever.
4
Adjusting the Cutting Height
HIGHEST
This symbol visible
F
LOWEST
This symbol visible
G
H
-
-
THERE ARE 2 CUTTING HEIGHTS (F & G)
Height of cut is adjusted by turning over the
cutting head.
-
Disconnect from the mains electricity supply and
wait until the cutting head has stopped rotating.
Turn your product upside down.
-
To Remove the Cutting Head and Fan (H)
Hold the fan firmly and twist the cutting head anticlockwise as illustrated. Hold the cutting head in
the centre and remove as illustrated. Hold fan in
the centre and remove as illustrated.
Inspect for damage and clean as necessary before
replacing the fan and the cutting head.
1
3
2
-
J
-
To Refit the Fan and the Cutting Head (J)
Replace the fan as illustrated. Replace the cutting
head, adjusting the height of cut as required. Hold
the fan firmly and twist the cutting head clockwise,
as illustrated.
-
IMPORTANT
ENSURE FAN AND CUTTING HEAD ARE CORRECTLY LOCATED
1
3
2
5
How to Use
K
1. Start at the edge of the lawn nearest to the power
point so the cable is laid out on the lawn you have
already cut. (K)
2. Cut your grass twice a week during the growing
season, your lawn will suffer if more than a third of
its length is cut at one time.
Do Not Overload Your Product
Using in long thick grass may cause the motor speed
to drop, you will hear a change in the motor sound. If
the motor speed drops you may overload your product
which may cause damage. When using in long thick
grass a first cut with the cutting height set higher will
help reduce the load. See Adjusting the Cutting Height.
Grassbox
L
grassbox is full
grassbox is empty
M
-
For optimum performance your product is
designed to be used with the grassbox fitted.
Grassbox full Indicator (if fitted) (L)
- Your product may be fitted with a grassbox full
indicator.
- IMPORTANT
The machine must be switched on for the
grassbox full indicator to operate.
1. When the ball reaches the top of the indicator window, it is time to empty the grassbox. See figure
L.
2. When the ball is NOT visible in the indicator window, grass is being collected. See figure L.
Emptying the Grassbox (M)
- Stop the product and wait until the cutting head
has stopped rotating before emptying the grassbox.
1. Remove the grassbox lid.
2. Lift the grassbox off the product and empty.
3. Replace grassbox and lid carefully.
- Failure to fit the grassbox and lid correctly will
cause poor collection of grass clippings.
6
Cutting System Maintenance
-
Always handle the plastic cutters with care sharp edges could cause injury. USE GLOVES.
Checking your Cutting System (N)
- The cutting system must be kept in good condition
and inspected before and after use.
- Disconnect from the mains electricity supply and
wait until the cutting head has stopped rotating.
Turn your product upside down.
1. Visually check cutting head for wear. Replace if
damaged.
2. Visually check plastic cutters for wear and replace
when necessary.
3. Plastic cutters should be straight. Replace if bent
or twisted.
Replacing Plastic cutters (P)
- Use only genuine Flymo replacement plastic cutters specified for this product. These are available
from all Electrolux Outdoor Products Service
Centres and major retail outlets.
- Plastic cutters must be replaced in pairs to retain
balance.
- Two plastic cutters of the same type should be fitted.
- Never fit a steel bar blade to this product.
To Replace Plastic Cutters
- Disconnect from the mains electricity supply and
wait until the cutting head has stopped rotating.
Turn your product upside down.
1. Push plastic cutter towards centre of cutting disc.
Lift plastic cutter away from cutting head. (Q)
2. If the plastic cutter is broken during use - lever cutter out of the slot, and dispose of carefully.
3. Fit new plastic cutters into the slots at each side of
the cutting head and pull into place. (R)
- IMPORTANT
ENSURE PLASTIC CUTTERS ARE CORRECTLY
LOCATED.
N
plastic
cutters
cutting
head
fan
hood
P
Q
R
7
-
Caring
S
It is very important that you keep your product
clean. Grass clippings left in any of the air
intakes or under the hood could become a
potential fire hazard.
Cleaning (S)
- USE GLOVES
1. Remove grass from under the hood with a piece of
wood or similar.
2. Using a soft brush - remove grass clippings from
all air intakes, the roller, grassbox and grassbox
lid.
3. Remove the cutting head, see Figure H, to gain
access to the fan and clean with a soft brush.
4. Wipe over the surface of your product with a dry
cloth.
- IMPORTANT
Never use water for cleaning your product. Do not
clean with chemicals, including petrol, or solvents
- some can destroy critical plastic parts.
U
T
Storing your product
1. Your mains cable can be stored as illustrated in
figure T.
Your product can be stored in a hanging position.
- The back of the switch handle has a hanging
slot for storing the product on the wall.
1. Push the lower handle in on both sides (figure U)
and the handle will drop down.
2. Hang the product from a hook or suitable screw as
illustrated in figure V.
V
At the End of the Season
1. Replace plastic cutters, bolts, nuts or screws, if
necessary.
2. Clean your product thoroughly.
3. Ask your local Service Centre to clean the air filter
thoroughly and carry out any service or repairs
required.
8
Fault Finding Hints
Fails to Operate
1. Is the Power Turned On?
2. Check the fuse in the plug, if blown replace.
3. Fuse continues to blow?
Immediately disconnect from the mains electricity supply and consult your local approved
Service Centre.
Poor Flotation
1. Disconnect from the mains electricity supply.
2. Clean the underside of the hood and the fan
blades.
3. Raise to a higher height of cut. See Adjusting the
Cutting Height.
4. If poor flotation persists?
Disconnect from the mains electricity supply
and consult your local approved Service
Centre.
Poor Collection
1. Is the grassbox fitted correctly?
2. Are you using in straight lines?
3. Are you cutting more than one third of the grass
length?
4. Do you need to raise the cutting height?
5. Follow the procedure described in "Poor
Flotation".
Excessive Vibration
1. Disconnect from the mains electricity supply.
2. Replace broken or missing plastic cutters.
3. Check plastic cutters are fitted correctly.
4. If vibration persists?
Immediately disconnect from the mains electricity supply and consult your local approved
Service Centre.
Service Recommendations
1. We strongly recommend that your product is serviced at least every twelve months, more often in a
professional application.
2. Always use genuine Flymo Spare Parts.
3. Prepacked spares are available from most
Electrolux Outdoor Products stockists.
4. Your product is uniquely identified by a silver and
black product rating label
5. If you have a problem with your machine contact
your local Approved Service Centre ensuring you
have full details of your product as described on
the product rating label.
6. Should it be necessary for work to be carried
out by your Service Centre, it is important to
take your complete machine including cable
and any extension cables used.
A network of specialist dealers can be found in your
local Yellow Pages. To obtain service on your Flymo
product simply telephone or visit your local Service
Centre. Should you require service under the terms
of our guarantee the Service Centre will require proof
of purchase.
All of the centres listed stock genuine Flymo
Spare Parts.NOTE: Our Service Repairers act on
their own behalf and are not empowered to commit or legally bind Electrolux Outdoor Products in
any manner whatsoever.
Environmental Information
Electrolux Outdoor Products are manufactured under an Environmental Management System (ISO 14001)
using, where practical, components manufactured in the most environmentally responsible manner, according to
company procedures, and with the potential for recycling at the end of the products' life.
- Packaging is recyclable and plastic components have been labelled (where practical) for categorised recycling.
- Awareness of the environment must be considered when disposing of 'end-of-life' product.
- If necessary, contact your local authority for disposal information.
Guarantee & Guarantee Policy
If any part is found to be defective due to


text:
The Mission of the Office of Residential Life is to support the overall vision of Lycoming College by providing a living environment that encourages academic success, fosters leadership and cultivates citizenship.
To this end, we aim to:
- Provide a safe and secure residential environment.
- Offer an environment which supports and recognizes resident student academic achievement.
- Hire and develop a staff of student leaders who are committed to the education and development of their peers and themselves.
- Facilitate educational and social programming that furthers the building of community and provides life skills that are transferable to the workforce and to life in general.
- Create an atmosphere that promotes the rights and obligations of living in a diverse community where self-responsibility and mutual respect are encouraged and expected.
- Continually define and refine how we endeavor to meet the needs of the students we serve.


text:
The competition is aimed at obtaining an exemplary and demonstrative project for the construction of public works which should be meaningful in terms of architectural and urban quality. The idea should also represent an opportunity for experimentation capable of activating a widespread process of redevelopment and urban, economic and social revitalization. The project is divided into five main areas, one for each seascape area in the Municipality of Melendugno. The project must include several actions that affect the deep coastline of the municipality and has as its ultimate goals the safeguarding of the environmental, architectural, archaeological and urban aspects, their connection through a waterfront system and nature trails, and the implementation of the infrastructural services necessary for the correct use of the coastline. The first phase requires a level of elaboration equal to a preliminary project design. The jury will evaluate the proposals and will select up to five projects which will be admitted to a second phase, without creating a classification or assigning any prizes. In the second phase, the selected candidates will have to present the definitive project. After the evaluation of the definitive projects, the competition ends with the formation of a classification list and the recognition of awards and special mentions.
– The winner of the competition will receive a prize of € 50,000.00
– The second placed project will receive a prize of € 4,000.00
– The third placed project will receive a prize of € 3,000.00
– The fourth and fifth placed projects will receive a prize of € 1,500.00 each
» Public Notice|supplementary notice|
dedicated website: _URL_


text:
While the native task manager and
htop utility that are shipped with most desktop Linux distributions are adequate for a general overview of system resources, they don't provide a great UI for delving into the deeper metrics.
It would be really neat to have an ultra-detailed overview of system metrics across CPU/RAM/Disk, networking, cgroups, applications proceses, etc.
While the installation of Netdata is geared towards servers, it's pretty straightforward to install it on your Linux desktop to achieve the same effect. So why reinvent the wheel?
Open up a terminal, and run the following command:
bash <(curl -Ss _URL_
That will build Netdata from source (probably asking for sudo permissions mid-way) based on your Linux distribution, and install the correct system services and a monitoring dashboard that you can immediately access via
You might want to head over to Netdata's Security Overview in order to set sensible defaults. I would recommend just ensuring that the web interface is accessible only from localhost using the following edits to the
[web] allow connections from = localhost
Now that you can get pretty sweet performance insights across every aspect of your system, you may want to consider the following:
That is all. Have a nice day.


text:
Moriah Jadea is a well-known actor, influencer, TV personality, reality star, and social media personality from Orlando, Florida, United States. She gained fame through her participation in the reality show The Challenge season 38. In this article, we will explore Moriah's age, family background, and career, as well as her net worth.
- Moriah Jadea is a popular TV personality and influencer.
- She rose to fame through her appearance on The Challenge.
- We will delve into Moriah's age, family background, and career.
- Her net worth and personal life will also be discussed.
- Stay tuned for fascinating insights into Moriah's journey and accomplishments.
Moriah Jadea Biography, Age & Nationality
Moriah Jadea, a prominent figure in the entertainment industry, was born on April 6, 1996, in Orlando, Florida, United States. Turning 26 in 2022, Moriah's youthful energy and talent have garnered her a substantial fan base.
Being an American citizen, Moriah takes pride in her nationality and represents the diversity of her country. Her Caucasian ethnic background has shaped her perspective and provided her with unique experiences throughout her life.
Early on, Moriah demonstrated exceptional academic capabilities and engaged in various activities, giving her a well-rounded upbringing. Her commitment to excellence and her willingness to explore new horizons have paved the way for her success in the entertainment industry.
Moriah Jadea Education
Moriah Jadea's educational journey began at a private school in her hometown. During her early years, she received a comprehensive education, laying the foundation for her future success. After completing her high school education with excellent grades, Moriah went on to pursue higher studies at a reputed college.
Although specific details about Moriah's college degrees and courses have not been disclosed, her educational background showcases her dedication and commitment to learning. With a well-rounded education, Moriah Jadea has gained valuable knowledge and skills that have contributed to her personal and professional growth.
Through her educational experiences, Moriah has developed a strong academic foundation, allowing her to excel in various aspects of her career. Her education has equipped her with the necessary tools and insights to navigate the entertainment industry with confidence and expertise.
The image above captures the essence of Moriah's educational background, highlighting her commitment to personal growth and intellectual development.
Continuing her journey of lifelong learning, Moriah continues to expand her knowledge and skills, ensuring she remains at the forefront of her field. As a multifaceted personality, Moriah Jadea utilizes her educational background as a solid foundation for her endeavors in the entertainment industry. Her educational journey stands as a testament to her determination and pursuit of excellence.
|Attended a private school in her hometown
|Graduated from high school with excellent grades
|Well-graduated personality from a reputed college
Moriah Jadea Family
Moriah Jadea was raised in a middle-class family in the United States. She maintains a close relationship with her parents, although their names and details have not been publicly disclosed. She also has siblings, but their identities remain unknown. Moriah and her family follow the Christian religion.
Family plays an important role in Moriah's life, and she often expresses gratitude for their love and support. Despite her rising fame, she values her family connections and cherishes the bond they share.
"Family is everything to me. They have always been there for me and provided a strong foundation. I am grateful for their love and support throughout my journey."
|Names and details not publicly disclosed
|Identities remain unknown
Moriah Jadea Physical Appearance
Moriah Jadea has an impressive physical appearance. She stands tall at 5 feet 7 inches and weighs around 58 kg. She has hazel eyes, long black hair, and a fair complexion. Her body measurements are approximately 34-26-34 inches. She has distinct features like beautiful lips and pretty eyes. Additionally, she has tattoos on her body and a pierced belly button.
Moriah Jadea Spouse, Boyfriend & Dating History
Despite her popularity, Moriah Jadea has been discreet about her romantic relationships. Currently, she has not made any public announcements about her boyfriend or dating status. However, during her participation in The Challenge, she developed a close bond with fellow contestant Faysal Shawn. It is important to note that their relationship is purely platonic, and there are no indications of a romantic involvement between them.
While Moriah values her privacy, her fans remain curious about her dating history. Unfortunately, she has chosen not to disclose any information regarding her past romantic relationships. Moriah's focus has primarily been on her career and personal growth, leaving her dating life largely unknown to the public.
"My personal life is something that I prefer to keep private. My main priority right now is pursuing my career and focusing on my personal development." – Moriah Jadea
Moriah Jadea's decision to maintain privacy when it comes to her boyfriend and dating history reflects her commitment to professionalism and maintaining a boundary between her personal and public life. As her career continues to flourish, fans eagerly anticipate any future updates on her relationship status.
Moriah Jadea Career
Moriah Jadea's career took off when she won the title of Miss SW Orlando Teen USA. She began her journey as a TikTok star, creating engaging content related to fashion, beauty, pranks, makeup, and challenges. Her unique style and creativity quickly gained her a substantial following on the platform.
As her popularity grew, Moriah ventured into other avenues, including fitness, becoming a role model for many aspiring to lead a healthy lifestyle. She shares her workout routines, nutrition tips, and motivational content, inspiring her audience to prioritize their well-being.
Additionally, Moriah Jadea has ventured into modeling, securing various projects and endorsements with prominent brands in the fashion industry. Her striking appearance, combined with her distinct personality, has made her a sought-after model.
One of Moriah's career highlights was her appearance on the reality TV show The Challenge. Her participation on the popular series challenged her both mentally and physically, allowing viewers to witness her determination and competitive spirit.
Throughout her career, Moriah Jadea has managed to build a strong and influential presence on social media, captivating her audience with her talent, charisma, and authenticity.
Moriah Jadea Net Worth
Moriah Jadea has worked tirelessly to build her career and has achieved notable success in various endeavors. Although she keeps her exact earnings private, reliable sources estimate her net worth to be approximately $1 million USD as of 2023. Her dedication and talent have allowed her to accumulate a significant fortune.
As a prominent TV personality, influencer, and model, Moriah has leveraged her popularity to secure various lucrative opportunities. In addition to her earnings from television appearances, she also generates income through endorsements, sponsored content, and brand collaborations. Her influential presence on social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram has played a crucial role in her financial success.
Moriah's thriving career and astute business sense have enabled her to make smart investments. She owns a luxurious house and a stylish car, reflecting her thriving financial status. Through her hard work, determination, and entrepreneurial spirit, Moriah Jadea has established herself as a successful and financially independent individual.
Despite her success, Moriah remains humble and down-to-earth. She continues to strive for excellence in her career and explore new opportunities to expand her wealth. With her unwavering determination and talent, Moriah Jadea is expected to further increase her net worth in the coming years.
Moriah Jadea Wikipedia
Moriah Jadea is a well-known TV personality, model, influencer, and social media star. Her captivating presence and engaging content have garnered her a massive fan following across various social media platforms. However, despite her immense popularity and influence, Moriah Jadea's profile is not available on Wikipedia.
Although her absence from Wikipedia may be disappointing for some, this article provides detailed information about Moriah Jadea's personal and professional life, allowing fans and curious individuals to gain deeper insights into her journey and accomplishments.
Through her appearances on reality shows like The Challenge, Moriah Jadea has showcased her talent, charisma, and determination, leaving a lasting impression on viewers. Her captivating personality and unique sense of style have made her a recognizable figure in the entertainment industry.
As a model, Moriah Jadea has graced the pages of magazines and worked with various renowned brands. Her stunning looks and fashion-forward choices have made her a sought-after face in the industry.
Her influence extends beyond modeling, as she utilizes her social media platforms to connect with her followers. Moriah Jadea's engaging content, which ranges from fashion and beauty advice to empowering messages, has resonated with her audience.
While her profile may not be found on Wikipedia, Moriah Jadea's impact as a TV personality, model, influencer, and social media star cannot be denied.
Biodata of Moriah Jadea
Moriah Jadea's full name is Moriah Jade Andrychowski. She is known for her appearances on The Challenge reality TV show. Her profession includes being a TV personality, model, influencer, TikToker, and YouTuber.
|Known for her appearances on The Challenge
|Has worked on various modeling projects and endorsements
|Has a significant following on social media platforms
|Creates content related to fashion, beauty, and challenges
|Shares her experiences and lifestyle on YouTube
6 Facts About Moriah Jadea
Here are some interesting facts about Moriah Jadea:
- She is known for her stylish and fashionable persona.
- She loves luxury brands like Fendi, Gucci, YSL, and LV.
- Moriah takes pride in her toned phys


text:
Here is Miranda Paul's latest treasure – a great addition to any home or school library. It received multiple read requests from three-year-old Corinne, a bona fide testimonial.
Title: Whose Hands Are These? A Community Helper Guessing Book
Written by: Miranda Paul
Illustrated by: Luciana Navarro Powell
Millbrook Press (Lerner), 2016, non-fiction
Suitable for ages: 4-8
Themes/topics: occupations, helping, community
Hands can wiggle, hands can clap.
Hands can wrap and flap and tap.
But hands can help – so raise yours, please!
Can you guess? Whose hands are these?
Brief synopsis: (from worldcat.org) Asks young readers to identify the occupation of each community helper from the type of tasks they perform and explains how these helpers work together to keep communities clean and safe and people healthy.
Activities and Resources:
Author website says Teacher's guide coming soon.
Why I like this book:
This engaging book is perfect for a curriculum unit on occupations and communities. The interactive format is fun, and the rhyming text flows naturally. The rich illustrations provide the "big picture" as well as "close ups," especially well suited to provide context and build vocabulary for English Language Learners (ELLs). I love the details such as "food-stained books" and hands "caked in chalk" (guess who?) that bring life to the text.
Visit author Susanna Hill's Perfect Picture Books for a plethora of picture books listed by title and topic/theme, each with teacher/parent resources.


text:
|Uploaded:||July 20, 2009|
|Updated:||July 13, 2010|
Well with this next tutorial there really isn't too much to say because I talked about bunnies, rabbits and other animals that fall into the rabbit family too many times already. What I can say though is that I am going to show you "how to draw a cartoon bunny", step by step. What is the difference between a rabbit and a bunny? Nothing, a rabbit is a bunny and a bunny is a rabbit. People will sometimes call a baby rabbit a bunny just to distinguish an adult from a baby. The eyes are anime-ish but that is okay because it still looks good. If you really look at this bunny, it kind of looks like a baby doesn't it? Maybe I should call this tutorial "how to draw a baby rabbit", what do you think? Nah, I will leave it be the way it is. If I was going to draw a baby rabbit, I would make it look like a baby not an anime animal. Anyways I hope you guys like this lesson that will teach you "how to draw a cartoon bunny" step by step. The instructions are easy to follow so you should have no major problems at all. Peace out and happy drawing everyone!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A team of researchers has completed human tests of the first plant-produced vaccine for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The successful linkurl:results;_URL_ of a phase I clinical trial suggest that plants could provide a safe, inexpensive reservoir to "grow" vaccines for the common human cancer, according to a study published tomorrow (July 22) in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The trial "builds upon all the advances in immunology that have come out in the last half-dozen years," said linkurl:Charles Arntzen,;_URL_ co-director of the Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology at Arizona State University and editor of the paper. The vaccine has a "real opportunity for commercial success," he said. Follicular B-cell lymphoma is a cancer of malignant B-cells in the immune system affecting more than 16,000 people each year. "Every tumor starts from one cell," said linkurl:Ronald Levy,;_URL_ a Stanford University oncologist and senior author on the paper. That cell,...
Correction (posted July 24): In a previous version of the story, "plant-derived antigens" were incorrectly referred to as "plant-derived antibodies". The Scientist regrets the error.
Interested in reading more?
Become a Member of
Receive full access to more than 35 years of archives, as well as TS Digest, digital editions of The Scientist, feature stories, and much more!


text:
The purpose of the High Schools That Work (HSTW) and Making Middle Grades Work (MMGW) programs is to engage stakeholders in partnerships to raise student achievement in high school and the middle grades by creating an environment that both motivates and supports students to master rigorous academic and career/technical studies.
The Texas High Schools that Work Network grants support eligible high schools in the use of the following HSTW design principles:
- Creating a challenging curriculum
- Four years of English and mathematics
- Four years each of social studies and science
- At least four credits in a career/technical or academic concentration area
- Implementing school-wide literacy goals across the curriculum
- Using intervention strategies for under-prepared students
- Focusing on the ninth grade failure rate
- Establishing meaningful links to postsecondary career and educational opportunities
- Supporting feeder middle schools implementation of key conditions of the MMGW framework
- Developing a clear, functional mission statement
- Providing statewide technical assistance and professional development in the area of guidance and counseling
The Texas Education Agency focuses state and federal resources on identifying and replicating proven strategies for dropout prevention and recovery. Texas High Schools That Work encourages rigorous and relevant instruction to better engage students in learning academic and social skills necessary to complete high school and to prepare them for postsecondary success.
School districts or open enrollment charter schools are eligible to apply on behalf of a high school campus serving students in at least three of the grades 9-12 or 10-12, if they meet one of the following criteria:
- The school district or open enrollment charter school district is in a stage 3 or 4 intervention level for Career and Technical Education under the TEA Performance Based Monitoring Analysis System.
- The high school campus was rated Academically Unacceptable in 2009 under the state's standard accountability rating system.
- The high school campus or open enrollment charter school enrolled at least 55% of students who were identified as economically disadvantaged in each of the past three school years AND at least 45% of students who were identified as being "at risk" of dropping out of school in the 2008-2009 school year.
Grantees: 47 schools
- 38 HSTW campuses
- 9 MMGW campuses
Students served: 60,345
Ten Key Practices:
- High expectations
- Program of study
- Academic studies
- Career/technical studies
- Work-based learning
- Teachers working together
- Students actively engaged
- Extra help
- Culture of continuous improvement
An interim report from the multi-year longitudinal evaluation of the THSP will be available Fall 2010.
Funding for FY2011 was eliminated as a result of the five percent biennial reduction.
- FY2008 - Cycle 1 and 2 Cont. (May 1, 2009 - February 28, 2011) - $1,415,293
FY2009 - Cycle 3 (July 1, 2009 - February 28, 2011) - $834,293
FY2010 - Cycle 4 (May 1, 2010 - April 30, 2012) - $918,500
Department of State Initiatives
Program Manager: Dale Fowler


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I thought that the ternary operator returns either a value on the left side or the right side of : depending on the condition. Why does this following piece of code print 1?
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
 int c = 0;
 (c?c:0)++;
 printf("%i", c);
 return 0;
}
share|improve this question
3
What do you expect to happen when this 0++; is executed? I can't even imagine that this compiles. – Nobody Jul 26 '11 at 18:58
1
GCC 4.2.1 If that helps – shreyasva Jul 26 '11 at 19:00

Logic is flawed anyway, you are not printing the value of ternary operator here – unkulunkulu Jul 26 '11 at 19:01

But (c?0:c)++ didn't compile, crazy – Fox32 Jul 26 '11 at 19:04
1
With GCC 4.5.0: In function 'main': 5:2: error: lvalue required as increment operand What is returned when you compile this code with gcc -S code.cpp? – Nobody Jul 26 '11 at 19:04
up vote 13 down vote accepted
You would appear to have a compiler bug, or perhaps a language extension, since this is not valid C. You need an lvalue in order to apply the ++ operator, and (c?c:0) is not an lvalue.
share|improve this answer
1
+1 ideone's compiler is buggy too :) – pmg Jul 26 '11 at 19:00
1
why did it increase c if it was 0 before that line??? Undefined behavior imminent? – unkulunkulu Jul 26 '11 at 19:05
1
@unkulunkulu Since it is not valid C then arguing about why it outputs 1 rather than 0 or indeed anything else is somewhat moot. – David Heffernan Jul 26 '11 at 19:06
1
@unkulunkulu : the C99 standard does say explicitly : "If an attempt is made to modify the result of a conditional operator or to access it after the next sequence point, the behavior is undefined." – Sander De Dycker Jul 26 '11 at 19:26
1
@Sander: No, it's not redundant. I think it actually is possible to do this without violating a constraint, like this or something similar: struct mystruct { int x; int a[2]; } r, s; (1 ? r : s).a[1] = 42;. Reference: Christian Bau, _URL_ – Keith Thompson Jul 28 '11 at 2:18
I've just run across some oddness related to this, too. It seems that the result of a ternary conditional can be treated as an lvalue in gcc 3.3.2, but not in gcc 4.6 (I haven't got more versions ready to hand to narrow it down further). In fact it's not possible to compile gcc 3.3.2 using gcc 4.6 precisely because gcc 4.6 is much pickier about what constitutes an lvalue.
Another example from the gcc 3.3.2 source that doesn't compile with gcc 4.6:
char *x = ...;
*((void**)x)++ = ...;
gcc 4.6 could treat the result of a cast as an lvalue and increment it, but gcc 4.6 will not.
I also don't have the relevant standards to hand to find out of this is something that changed in the official standard or just something that gcc allowed at some stage.
Note also that C++ allows the ternary operator to return an lvalue, though you still can't increment 0. So this is valid C++ but not valid C:
int c = 0, d = 0;
(c?c:d)++;
share|improve this answer
Simply because you are doing
(c?c:0)++;
If you don't let "++" happen, you will get what you want.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
 int c = 0;
 /* (c?c:0)++; */
 printf("%i \n", (c?c:0)++ );
 return 0;
}
output is:
$ gcc -o ternary ternary.c
$ ./ternary
0
gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5)
share|improve this answer

That's not valid C either, you really mean (c?c:0)+1 I presume – David Heffernan Jul 26 '11 at 19:06

Why is my compiler killing me (by not throwing error :p) :( – hari Jul 26 '11 at 19:09

The way I understand is: (c?c:0)++; -- it will check if c exists. It does in this case (and in all cases here); it will do: (value of c)++. That gives 1. What is wrong in this? – hari Jul 26 '11 at 19:13

The result of a ternary operator is not an lvalue – David Heffernan Jul 26 '11 at 19:16
1
@hari: ++ operates on a modifiable lvalue, else what would you expect it to update? – ninjalj Jul 26 '11 at 19:22
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text:
Cities Near Cuyahoga Falls, OH
Local city information for Cuyahoga Falls, OH
is a city in Summit County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 49,374. It is currently the second largest city in Summit County. It is a suburb of Akron and Cleveland and part of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area. Actually older than Akron, the city was founded in 1812 by William Wetmore and was originally named Manchester. Cuyahoga Falls is named after the Cuyahoga River (which flows into Lake Erie) and the series of falls that run through the middle of the city.
Cuyahoga Falls is bordered by Akron to the south and the Cuyahoga Valley National Park to the northwest.
Cuyahoga Falls was formed in 1812 near the junction of what was then Northampton, Stow, Tallmadge, and Portage townships. The focus was the series of Cuyahoga River waterfalls that provided power for manufacturing.
In 1812 Kelsey and Wilcox built a dam on the Cuyahoga River at a place where a railroad bridge crossed it in 1876. They then built a flour mill, an oil mill, and a saw mill. This led to the construction of a number of houses. This area was known as the old village. Development moved downstream, though, when it was discovered that the power was better there. The old village was eventually destroyed in 1826 when a dam built by William Wetmore flooded the dam at the old village and its mills were torn down.
The earliest settler of Cuyahoga Falls included Joshua Stow and William Wetmore. In 1815 a saw-mill was operating near Gaylord's Grove, using power generated by a dam on the Cuyahoga River there.
The town was initially called Manchester but was renamed Cuyahoga Falls at the request of the Post Office since there were already several other Manchesters in Ohio.
The village proper was first laid out in 1826 by Judge Richardson.
The town was incorporated in 1836, occupying 240 rods out of Stow and Tallmadge townships. In 1853, seeing that the village and township of Cuyahoga Falls occupied the same territory, the village council disbanded and the community was only a township until 1868.
In 1841 the Summit County Board of Commissioners named Cuyahoga Falls county seat. The state legislature then intervened and put the location of the county seat up to a popular vote. Akron won and has been the county seat ever since. In spite of being named the county seat Cuyahoga Falls never really functioned as such.
In March 1851 the township of Cuyahoga Falls was created out of the village limits. They covered the same territory so the village council voted to adjourn sine die
, letting the village be run under township jurisdiction until June 3, 1868 when the municipal government returned.
In 1985 Cuyahoga Falls merged with Northampton Township, the first merger of a city and township in Ohio.
Cuyahoga Falls had been founded as an industrial city, taking advantage of the river power. By the 1970s, though, it had become a residential community. This changed, though, when Don Robart became mayor. He had been in favor of the merger with Northampton Township because of the additional land that could be used for development. Parts of that area have since been used for industrial development. Commercial development has also picked up, especially on the Howe Avenue area at the southern border of the city.
The city had one professional sports team, the Cuyahoga Falls Cougars, of the International Basketball League (2005-). They moved to Akron in 2006.
The Cathedral of Tomorrow
, founded by televangelist Rex Humbard in 1958, is located in Cuyahoga Falls. It is now the headquarters of televangelist Ernest Angley and was renamed Grace Cathedral.
List your home on the MLS in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio


text:
Ethyol (generic name amifostine) is a drug used in reducing certain side effects of a cancer medication. The medication is an anti-cancer used in chemotherapy. Ethyol is a chemoprotectant which helps lessen side effects such as kidney problems and dry mouth. It prevents the damage of healthy body cells which are fully functioning.
Drug Name: Ethyol
Generic name: Amifostine


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Hot-wire-directed energy deposition (HDED) is a promising method to other additive techniques in large-format applications. In HDED, wire is heated up close to melting temperature by resistance and laser energy is used to melt the substrate surface to form a metallurgical bond. This method can improve the stability and productivity of the process while reducing overall heat input and maintaining proper mechanical properties. A limitation in traditional hotwire-directed energy deposition is the directional dependence. The wire is fed from the side into the puddle formed by the laser. The dimensional relationship between the wire and laser is critical and changes when the direction of travel is altered. A solution to this challenge is feeding the wire coaxially to the process. The laser spot is split into three separate dots and converge to a common tool center point (TCP). The wire is fed through the center of the laser process head and joins the laser spots at the common TCP. Inconel 625 and Titanium 6/4 will be evaluated as material characterizations. Inconel 625 is a nickel-based superalloy combining corrosion resistance and high strength. Titanium 6/4 is also corrosive resistance but is highly valued for its high strength to weight ratio. The dynamics of the puddle and preheating process of wire have been visualized by a high-speed camera. The microstructure of deposition has been investigated by optical microscope, the chemical composition has been measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the hardness has been tested by micro-hardness tester.
- Understand the benefits of laser hotwire with regards to material properties, build times and material utilization
- Describe the challenges of side feeding wire and the flexibility in path planning provided by coaxilly delivered wire
- Define key elements of building large format parts and the pros and cons of various processes


text:
Delivered Source Instruction
(DSI) One line of source code (LOC) developed by a project.DSI is the primary input to many tools for estimating software cost. The term "delivered" is generally meant to exclude non-delivered support software such as test drivers. However, if these are developed with the same care as delivered software, with their own reviews, test plans, documentation, etc., then they should be counted. The "source instructions" include all program instructions created by project personnel and processed into machine code by some combination of preprocessors, compilers, and assemblers. It excludes comments and unmodified utility software. It includes job control language, format statements, and data declarations.
Last updated: 1996-05-29


text: Researchers in the Interactive Systems Group at UTEP have been using a research tool called Didi for some time now. It was originally designed to be easily adaptable. This tool has proven to be adaptable as it has been changed by different researchers to suit particular needs. As a result, multiple versions of the program exist. In addition to this, the tool only works in Linux and has grown quite a bit. To solve these problems, the different versions could have been consolidated into one program and modified to produce a version that worked on other platforms, or another program could be customized instead. In order to make an informed decision about which alternative was more feasible, research was conducted on a potential replacement candidate called Wavesurfer. This paper briefly describes Didi, Wavesurfer, the initial modifications to Wavesurfer, and possible future modifications to Wavesurfer.


Functions for form and batch generation and processing.
File
core/includes/form.inc
Functions
Namesort descending Description
backdrop_build_form Builds and processes a form for a given form ID.
backdrop_form_submit Retrieves, populates, and processes a form.
backdrop_get_form Returns a renderable form array for a given form ID.
backdrop_prepare_form Prepares a structured form array.
backdrop_process_form Processes a form submission.
backdrop_rebuild_form Constructs a new $form from the information in $form_state.
backdrop_redirect_form Redirects the user to a URL after a form has been processed.
backdrop_retrieve_form Retrieves the structured array that defines a given form.
backdrop_validate_form Validates user-submitted form data in the $form_state array.
batch_get Retrieves the current batch.
batch_process Processes the batch.
batch_set Adds a new batch.
date_validate Validates the date type to prevent invalid dates (e.g., February 30, 2006).
form_builder Builds and processes all elements in the structured form array.
form_clear_error Clears all errors against all form elements made by form_set_error().
form_error Flags an element as having an error.
form_execute_handlers Executes custom validation and submission handlers for a given form.
form_get_cache Fetches a form from the cache.
form_get_error Returns the error message filed against the given form element.
form_get_errors Returns an associative array of all errors.
form_get_options Returns the indexes of a select element's options matching a given key.
form_load_include Ensures an include file is loaded whenever the form is processed.
form_options_flatten Allows PHP array processing of multiple select options with the same value.
form_pre_render_conditional_form_element Adds additional customization to a form element when its title or description is set.
form_pre_render_fieldset Adds members of this group as actual elements for rendering.
form_process_actions Processes a form actions container element.
form_process_autocomplete Process function to prepare autocomplete data.
form_process_button Processes a form button element.
form_process_checkbox Sets the #checked property of a checkbox element.
form_process_checkboxes Processes a checkboxes form element.
form_process_container Processes a container element.
form_process_date Expands a date element into year, month, and day select elements.
form_process_fieldset Arranges fieldsets into groups.
form_process_machine_name Processes a machine-readable name form element.
form_process_password_confirm Expand a password_confirm field into two text boxes.
form_process_radios Expands a radios element into individual radio elements.
form_process_select Processes a select list form element.
form_process_tableselect Creates checkbox or radio elements to populate a tableselect table.
form_process_vertical_tabs Creates a group formatted as vertical tabs.
form_process_weight Expands a weight element into a select element.
form_select_options Converts an array of options into HTML, for use in select list form elements.
form_set_cache Stores a form in the cache.
form_set_error Files an error against a form element.
form_set_value Changes submitted form values during form validation.
form_state_defaults Retrieves default values for the $form_state array.
form_state_keys_no_cache Returns an array of $form_state keys that shouldn't be cached.
form_state_values_clean Removes internal Form API elements and buttons from submitted form values.
form_type_checkboxes_value Determines the value for a checkboxes form element.
form_type_checkbox_value Determines the value for a checkbox form element.
form_type_image_button_value Determines the value for an image button form element.
form_type_password_confirm_value Determines the value for a password_confirm form element.
form_type_radios_value Form value callback: Determines the value for a #type radios form element.
form_type_select_value Determines the value for a select form element.
form_type_tableselect_value Determines the value for a tableselect form element.
form_type_textarea_value Determines the value for a textarea form element.
form_type_textfield_value Determines the value for a textfield form element.
form_type_token_value Determines the value for form's token value.
form_validate_color Form element validation handler for #type 'color'.
form_validate_email Form element validation handler for #type 'email'.
form_validate_machine_name Form element validation handler for machine_name elements.
form_validate_number Form element validation handler for #type 'number'.
form_validate_url Form element validation handler for #type 'url'.
map_month Renders a month name for display.
password_confirm_validate Validates a password_confirm element.
theme_button Returns HTML for a button form element.
theme_checkbox Returns HTML for a checkbox form element.
theme_color Returns HTML for a color form element.
theme_container Returns HTML to wrap child elements in a container.
theme_date Returns HTML for a date selection form element.
theme_email Returns HTML for an email form element.
theme_fieldset Returns HTML for a fieldset form element and its children.
theme_file Returns HTML for a file upload form element.
theme_form Returns HTML for a form.
theme_form_element Returns HTML for a form element.
theme_form_element_label Returns HTML for a form element label and required marker.
theme_form_required_marker Returns HTML for a marker for required form elements.
theme_hidden Returns HTML for a hidden form element.
theme_image_button Returns HTML for an image button form element.
theme_number Returns HTML for a number form element.
theme_password Returns HTML for a password form element.
theme_radio Returns HTML for a radio button form element.
theme_range Returns HTML for a range form element.
theme_search Returns HTML for a search form element.
theme_select Returns HTML for a select form element.
theme_submit Returns HTML for a submit button form element.
theme_tableselect Returns HTML for a table with radio buttons or checkboxes.
theme_tel Returns HTML for a tel form element.
theme_textarea Returns HTML for a textarea form element.
theme_textfield Returns HTML for a textfield form element.
theme_url Returns HTML for a URL form element.
theme_vertical_tabs Returns HTML for an element's children fieldsets as vertical tabs.
weight_value Sets the value for a weight element, with zero as a default.
_backdrop_invalid_token_set_form_error Helper function to call form_set_error() if there is a token error.
_batch_populate_queue Populates a job queue with the operations of a batch set.
_batch_queue Returns a queue object for a batch set.
_form_builder_handle_input_element Adds the #name and #value properties of an input element before rendering.
_form_button_was_clicked Determines if a given button triggered the form submission.
_form_element_triggered_scripted_submission Detects if an element triggered the form submission via Ajax.
_form_options_flatten Iterates over an array and returns a flat array with duplicate keys removed.
_form_set_class Sets a form element's class attribute.
_form_validate Performs validation on form elements.


How Does Cerakote Work?
Do you ever wonder how certain firearms and other metal objects maintain their sleek and durable appearance despite constant use and exposure to the elements? Well, here's something you probably don't know: it's all thanks to a special coating called Cerakote.
But how does Cerakote work? In this brief guide, we will delve into the fascinating world of Cerakote and uncover the secrets behind its exceptional performance. From the chemistry behind its formulation to the meticulous application process, we will explore the key factors that make Cerakote coatings so effective.
Get ready to discover the science behind the durability and versatility of Cerakote, and how it can transform the appearance and longevity of your prized possessions.
The Chemistry Behind Cerakote
To understand the chemistry behind Cerakote, let's break down how the coating bonds with the surface.
When you apply Cerakote, it undergoes a curing process that involves a chemical reaction known as crosslinking. This reaction occurs between the resin and hardener components of the coating.
As the coating is applied, the resin and hardener molecules combine and form strong chemical bonds. These bonds create a durable and protective layer on the surface.
The crosslinking process also contributes to Cerakote's resistance to chemicals, corrosion, and wear.
The coating's ability to bond with various materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics, makes it versatile for different applications.
Understanding the chemistry behind Cerakote helps us appreciate its effectiveness in providing long-lasting protection and enhancing the durability of surfaces.
The Application Process of Cerakote
You should regularly apply Cerakote to maintain its protective coating on surfaces.
The application process of Cerakote is a relatively simple and straightforward one.
 - You need to ensure that the surface you want to coat is thoroughly cleaned and free from any oils, dirt, or debris.
 - Shake the Cerakote container well to ensure proper mixing of the product.
 - Then, using an airbrush, spray gun, or even a brush, apply a thin and even layer of Cerakote onto the surface.
 - Allow the first coat to dry completely before applying additional coats if necessary.
 - Cure the Cerakote by heating it to the recommended temperature using an oven or heat gun.
Following these steps will ensure a durable and long-lasting protective coating for your surfaces.
The Benefits of Cerakote Coatings
Cerakote coatings offer numerous advantages for protecting and enhancing surfaces. Whether you're looking to protect your firearm, vehicle, or other equipment, Cerakote provides a durable and long-lasting solution.
 - The main benefits is its exceptional resistance to corrosion. This coating creates a barrier that shields the surface from moisture, chemicals, and other environmental elements that can cause rust or degradation.
 - Cerakote is highly resistant to abrasion, making it ideal for high-impact applications. It also offers excellent heat resistance, allowing it to withstand extreme temperatures without cracking or peeling.
 - Cerakote coatings come in a wide range of colors and finishes, allowing you to customize and enhance the appearance of your surfaces.
With its durability, resistance, and aesthetic versatility, Cerakote is a top choice for protecting and enhancing various surfaces.
Understanding the Durability of Cerakote
The durability of Cerakote is a key factor in its ability to provide long-lasting protection and enhancement for various surfaces. Cerakote coatings are specifically engineered to withstand extreme conditions, making them highly resistant to abrasion, corrosion, chemicals, and impact.
This durability is achieved through a unique combination of ceramic particles and advanced polymer technology. The ceramic particles create a hard, protective barrier that enhances the surface's resistance to wear and tear. The advanced polymer technology ensures excellent adhesion to the substrate, preventing chipping, cracking, or peeling.
As a result, surfaces coated with Cerakote can withstand harsh environments, including extreme temperatures, UV exposure, and moisture. Whether it's firearms, automotive parts, or industrial equipment, Cerakote's durability ensures that the coated surfaces maintain their appearance and functionality for years to come.
Exploring the Versatility of Cerakote
With its wide range of applications, Cerakote offers a versatile solution for enhancing and protecting various surfaces. Whether you need to upgrade the appearance and durability of your firearms, automotive parts, or even household items, Cerakote can deliver outstanding results.
This advanced ceramic coating is designed to adhere to almost any material, including metals, plastics, wood, and more. It can withstand extreme temperatures, resist corrosion, and provide excellent protection against wear and tear.
Cerakote also comes in a wide array of colors and finishes, allowing you to customize your items to your liking. From tactical black to vibrant colors, the possibilities are endless.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Cerakote is a durable and versatile coating that offers numerous benefits due to its unique chemistry and application process.
With its ability to provide enhanced protection and customization options, Cerakote has become a popular choice in various industries.
Whether it's firearms, automotive parts, or even household items, Cerakote offers a reliable and long-lasting solution.
So, if you're looking for a coating that combines durability and aesthetic appeal, Cerakote is definitely worth considering.

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How To Use Your PM4
Setting Up a Single Distance Workout
Setting up a Distance Workout
1:31 Minutes
 1. On the Main Menu, choose Select Workout.
 2. Select New Workout.
 3. Select Single Distance.
 4. On the Set Distance window, set the workout distance, split length, and PaceBoat/PaceSkier, as desired:
 - Choose plus or minus to increase/decrease the values as needed.
 - Choose the right and left arrows to navigate through the various digits.
 5. Select the checkmark icon to save the workout.
 - If you are using a LogCard or USB flash drive, the PM will prompt you to save the workout as a favorite. This is a good idea if this is a workout you do frequently. Select Yes to save the workout. Then, select the favorite you'd like to replace with the new workout.
 - If you do not want to save the workout as a favorite, select No.


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At the planning phase of a new or (to be) redesigned Web site, write a description of its subject area/scope.
This step is important:
- to identify the content of the site (e.g. for development, selection and inventory);
- to ensure this Web site is actually required and does not duplicate information already available on another FAO; and
- as a starting point for subsequent steps related to the management of the information and the promotion of the site.
To define the subject scope of the Web site:
1. write a description (a sentence or two) and a list of concepts, topics and terms that best describe all aspects of the subject that the Web site will cover. Put together, they are the vocabulary of the Web site.
2. check the site vocabulary against formal vocabularies: AGROVOC is an FAO standard thesaurus in multiple languages. Use the standard terms and concepts whenever these match ones identified in your Web site.
3. develop a specific list of concepts when the existing vocabularies are insufficient for the Web site.
4. When redesigning a Web site:
- review the current content;
- identify topics and concepts; and
- do Step 2 above.
Why is it important to describe the subject coverage?
A formal vocabulary is the basis of several activities that are performed during the Web site project and after it has been launched:
- avoid duplication of conceptual work: professional vocabularies created by experts provide the correct and current terms for describing a topic domain. Using the standard terms and definitions will aid user comprehension and visibility. Consistency in terminology will give your information credibility.
- lay the foundations for interoperability: a formal definition of the subject scope helps you identify any existing relevant information management standards. These, if adopted from the start, will make your information easier to exchange with relevant systems. For example, if your information is about countries, or to be structured by countries, make sure you use FAO country names and ISO country codes. This will make your information consistent with systems and sites that already exist, and easier to be selected, aggregated and displayed in other relevant systems, like the FAO Country Profiles and Mapping Information System.
- set the criteria for the selection, acquisition and classification of content, whether from the existing site if you are redesigning, or from existing sources if you are building a topic-specific portal, a document area or a specialised search engine.
- re-use, in building and promoting the Web site: the concepts for your Web site can provide topic-based site navigation and provide useful clues for the development of focussed content. Your concepts are the building blocks for optimising the keyword density on the pages to be submitted to external search engines.
- prepare for metadata-based indexing and cataloguing: the description and the concepts (also to be considered as descriptive keywords) can be used for cataloguing your Web site in EIMS. This will result in submitting your site to the Information Finder (which draws from EIMS).


0
I always had this question in mind:
What are the used technologies, in order to achieve the isolation of the EVM? does it just run as an isolated process in its own namespaces using the linux feature "Namespaces" for example? something like a container maybe?
| improve this question | | | | |
2
I think the hidden assumption here is that something with a name like Ethereum "Virtual Machine" calls for isolation. This is a misunderstanding about the nature of the EVM.
The EVM is a specification for an ephemeral state machine. the EVM state is derived by processing transactions correctly. Transactions can include the deployment of code and invocations of deployed code. The code itself consists of OPCODES with precise meanings defined in the EVM specification.
Since all Ethereum operations are deterministic, we can say that given an identical initial state and identical inputs, correctly functioning nodes will compute an identical EVM state.
Perhaps another way of understanding this is to think of the EVM as an emergent non-local conclusion of nodes that agree what the EVM state must be.
If one is concerned about the integrity of one's own node, then the node can be run inside a container but such is not a property of the node software itself, e.g. Geth.
Have a look at this: _URL_
Hope it helps.
| improve this answer | | | | |
 - Thanks a lot for your replay. So that means that the EVM as an ephemeral state machine is a bunch of opcodes that it can understand and execute, and there is no implementation of an opcode or instruction that enables the communication with a network interface (network isolation for example), thereby one can say that the EVM is isolated from the Network. did i get it right ?! – icy3 Sep 23 '19 at 10:29
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