* elements that add up to exactly the targetSum.
 * If there is no combination that adds up to the targetSum, then
 * return null.
 * If there are multiple combinations possible, you may return any
 * single one.
 * m = targetSum
 * n = numbers.length
 * Time: O(m^2 * n) - Space: O(m^2)
 static int[] howSum(int targetSum, int[] numbers) {
 // **** sanity checks ****
 if (targetSum == 0) return null;
 / **** initialization (Java(_PHONE_)) ****
 ArrayList[] table = new ArrayList[targetSum + 1];
 table[0] = new ArrayList();
 int nums = numbers[i];
 table[nums] = al;
 // **** iterate through the table ****
 for (int i = 1; i <= targetSum; i++) {
 //????????
 // System.out.println("<<< i: " + i);
 // **** skip this entry (if needed) ****
 if (table[i] == null)
 // **** loop through the numbers array ****
 for (int j = 0; j < numbers.length; j++) {
 // **** for ease of use ****
 int num = numbers[j];
 //????????
 // System.out.println("<<< num: " + num);
 // **** compute target index ****
 int ndx = i + num;
 // **** skip this index (out of range) ****
 if (ndx > targetSum)
 //????????
 // System.out.println("<<< ndx: " + ndx);
 // **** initialize list (if needed) ****
 if (table[ndx] == null)
 table[ndx] = new ArrayList();
 // **** copy all elements from table[i] to table[ndx] ****
 ArrayList src = table[i];
 ArrayList dst = table[ndx];
 // **** add current element to table[ndx] ****
 //????????
 // System.out.println("<<< dst: " + dst.toString());
 // **** check if done ****
 if (ndx == targetSum) {
 //????????
 // System.out.println("<<< table: " + Arrays.toString(table));
 // **** convert List to int[] ****
 int[] arr = x -> x).toArray();
 // **** return int[] ****
 return arr;
 //????????
 // **** check if no ansswer was found ****
 if (table[targetSum] == null) return null;
 // **** get last list in the table ****
 ArrayList lst = table[targetSum];
 return arr;
This is the code for the function in question. Looking at the code we should be able to fully understand what are we doing and most important why.
We start by performing a sanity check. If the target sum equals 0 we return a null because there is no way to find elements that return a null combination.
To solve this problem we could use ArrayList> which is not a table in the sense an array is. We could have used such data structure, but I decided to use ArrayList[] which is to be avoided unless you know what you are doing. With such advice, I decided to stick to the array implementation.
Note that the declaration brings up a warning. To avoid it I just add the directive to suppress warnings and move forward.
The table (it is an array) has enough elements in order to facilitate operations. In this case we just declare a 1D table with target sum elements plus one.
All the entries in the table have null values. We need to initialize the first entry to an empty list because that is an end condition which always holds.
We then loop through the values in the numbers array. For each value we initialize a list with the specified value. Thinks of it as if you initialize list at index 5 with a list containing 5, is because if you want to include a 5 in your combination, a 5 must already be in the list.
Now we are ready to enter a loop that iterates through the initializes entries in the table.
If the entry in the table is null, we skip it. The reason being is that we do not have numbers that we can use to generate a value for that entry. For example, when we hit table entry 1, we cannot fund an entry in the numbers array that we can use to generate a 1. The same holds true for entry 2 in the table.
If we reach a table entry with a list, then we can use it to create other lists which will add up to numbers that are in our table. Note that in this example, if we reach an entry in the table that is out of bounds, we must skip it.
We need to compute the index in the table for the current number in the numbers array. If the resulting index is out of bounds we skip this entry.
Using a valid index we create a new empty list in the table. We populate it by copying the contents of the table at index I into the table at index ndx.
Once that is done, we add the value from the numbers array. If you look at the results, the values in this table should add up to the index holding the list. This makes sense. For example, if we are at index 6 then the sum of values in the associated list at index 6 in the table must add up to 6.
At this point we could continue looping. I decided to add the condition that checks if we filled in the table entry with the index that matches the target sum. This implies that we just built a list at index 7 in our table whose values add up to 7. Since we are required to return any combination we can exit. The code in the YouTube video continues to loop and that is OK. Sooner or later the loops will end and the result that we are searching will be found in the final list at the last entry in our table. If you have doubts, remove the check and let the code continue to loop. A list of numbers, which might differ from the ones encountered the first time such entry in the table is populated, will be located in the last table entry.
BTW, if you are interested in which was the exact warning I ran into by declaring the array of ArrayList, it follows:
Type safety:
The expression of type ArrayList[] needs unchecked conversion to conform to ArrayList[]
Hope you enjoyed the problem. In my opinion, to become proficient in solving dynamic programming problems, you need to solve a good number and keep your skills fresh by continuing to solve them periodically.
If you have comments or questions regarding this, or any other post in this blog, please do not hesitate and leave me a note below. I will reply as soon as possible.
Keep on reading and experimenting. It is one of the best ways to learn, become proficient, refresh your knowledge and enhance your developer toolset.
Thanks for reading this post, feel free to connect with me John Canessa at LinkedIn.
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text:
Below minimum control frequency, MIDA gradually reduces the pump speed while monitoring the pressure transducer signal. If this value is maintained close to the set pressure, MIDA will reduce the output frequency until stopping the pump definitely.
Dry running alarm via cosphi value
If the pump runs dry, its cosphi value drops below a settable cosphi value, and MIDA stops the pump after 3 seconds. MIDA will try to make 5 attempts every 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 minutes, after which it will trigger an alarm and stop the pump if the condition persists.
Maximum and minimum alarm pressure
When the pressure rises above a certain settable pressure value, MIDA will stop the pump to prevent damage to the hydraulic components in the system. Similarly, if the pressure drops below a certain pressure an alarm is triggered and the pump is stopped.
Loss compensation proportional to the water flow
If the pressure sensor is placed near the pump, with the increase in flow the pressure value at the furthest outlet is lower than the set pressure. It is possible to vary the set pressure in proportion to the frequency to compensate pressure loss in the pipes.
Via della Tecnica 8
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Vicenza – Italia
t. +39 0444 886289
f. +39 0444 776099
p.iva & c.f. 03392100248
c.s. 250.000€ i.v. _EMAIL_ _EMAIL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Great Gatsby Theme Essay American Dream
More specifically the film through the life of Gatsbythe main character offers several lessons to the viewer about the reality of the American dream. The Great Gatsby portrays this shift as a symbol of the American Dreams corruption.
The Great Gatsby Gimmesomereads Com Book Worth Reading Greatful The Great Gatsby
Even though this character was born poor he rose to attain a higher social status and wealth.
Great gatsby theme essay american dream. Scott Fitzgerald is a fictional novel about a young mans life narrated by his closest friend Nick. As the narrator puts it Gatsbys parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people Fitzgerald 105. The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story on the surface but its most commonly understood as a pessimistic critique of the American Dream.
The American dream is one of the most important themes in The Great Gatsby. It is a common task to write essays on this topic and this guide will present some wonderful ideas students can use in their writing to achieve success. However the most significant one relates to the corruption of the American dream.
Rising from rags to riches of amassing a great fortune that will assure a life of luxuriant ease power and beauty in an ideal world untroubled by care and devoted to the enjoyment of everlasting pleasure and nothing to intervene between wish and fulfillment. In the novel The Great Gatsby the theme of the American Dream is clearly present and shown through the wealth the excessive lifestyle but more importantly the downfall of the American Dream. During the 1920s the perception of the American Dream was that an individual can achieve success in life regardless of family history or social status if they only work hard enough The Demise of the 1920s.
For him the American Dream means. Every single character was somewhat involved or motivated by the American Dream vision. In the Great Gatsby American Dream symbolized the freedom and opportunity to better yourself and your situation.
The creator uses American Dream Theme in Great Gatsby. Throughout American history the American dream has changed from being one which inspired and fed the hopes of people all over the country to the twenties mangled interpretation of it where everything revolved around money and status. The Great Gatsby American Dream Analysis.
Jay Gatsby is a young man who achieved great. Within The Great Gatsby by F. The Great Gatsby revolves a lot around the American Dream.
The American Dream is defined as someone starting low on the economic or social level and working hard towards prosperity and or wealth and fame. The Great Gatsby Essay. Fitzgerald shows how the American dream can fail in The Great Gatsby.
After attaining the material wealth however there is no clearly outlined steps to take. Scott Fitzgerald Jay Gatsby longs to create the most ideal lifestyle with Daisy someone he has taken an interest in. The American Dream In The Great Gatsby.
Fitzgeralds film The Great Gatsby explores in depth several elements of the American Dream theme and what it means to an individual within the context of society. This theme is portrayed by certain characters such as Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway and Daisy Buchanan. Jay Gatsby Is one of the pursuers of the American Dream and the mall character In the novel.
Gatsby symbolizes both the corrupted Dream and the original uncorrupted Dream. Scott FitzgeraldThe novel came in the 1920s which was also infamous with the term roaring twenties. The American Dream was an important theme in the book The Great Gatsby.
Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald embodies many themes. Its just about getting rich. The American dream is a concept that many strive for and will not be deterred from.
Its no longer a vision of building a life. Scott Fitzgerald is a fictional novel about a young mans life narrated by his closest friend Nick. The main theme for people in east and west egg is how they are seen they are very materialistic.
Period 1 Gatsby Essay As time flows everlastingly on the dreams which man builds its self upon are prone to change. This theme is expressed in multiple. The main themes of FScott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby is the American Dream a dream defined as the set ideals of democracy rights liberty opportunity and equality for everyone.
The American Dream in the Great Gatsby Essay. The famous novel which was later filmed as well The Great Gatsby was written by the famous American novelist F. The American success story is that of hard work allowing a man to become incredibly wealthy.
The Great Gatsby shows the tide turning east as hordes flock to New York City seeking stock market fortunes. This young extravagantly wealthy man known as MrGatsby lived in the 1920s and represented the american dream in many different ways. Great Gatsby is considered to be an immortal American classic dwelling on many topics Americans find relevant throughout decades American Dream being one of them.
Characters had Read more. By choosing a major character or a situation in Fitzgeralds novel discuss how or whether Fitzgerald is successful in exposing the underside of the American dream. The Great Gatsby American Dream The Great Gatsby by F.
Gatsby believed in the green light Fitzgerald 189 giving us an example how Gatsby believes his American Dream is still attainable with Daisey. This young extravagantly wealthy man known as MrGatsby lived in the 1920s and represented the american dream in many different ways. The American dream is an ideal which forms the crust of the novel.
In the novel Jay Gatsby overcomes his poor past to gain an incredible amount of money and a limited amount of social cache in 1920s NYC only to be rejected by the old money crowd. Gatsby the main character portrays a clear definition of the American dream. The Pursuit of the American Dream A major theme in The Great Gatsby is the pursuit of what can be termed the American dream.
The Great Gatsby American Dream The Great Gatsby by F. Gatsbys attraction to Daisy who is married to Tom Buchanan makes him go to extreme lengths to win her over.
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text:
Ellandi: the UK's leading community shopping centre investor
Provision of an objective and clearly structured heritage impact assessment, with accompanying townscape visual impact assessment for Marlands Shopping Centre, a key location within Southampton, in the setting of a number of significant heritage assets, notably including its location adjacent to the grade II* listed civic centre.
The planning proposal is for the reconfiguration of existing space, together with provision of additional storeys of student accommodation on the existing shopping centre, which is to remain in its existing use.
We provided an objective baseline assessment of the existing context and followed a thorough approach (defined by Historic England and the Landscape Institute) to assess potential impact. We defined heritage sensitive design principles and worked with the architectural team to refine the scheme /mitigate impact. The HTVIA provided important guidance to the design process, in addition to providing a key document to engage with Southampton City Council and Historic England. Our work on the project demanded a thorough, objective and defensible methodology, which we have significant wider experience in, having undertaken a range of objective comparative assessments, including greenbelt appraisals.


text:
FORD AIMS TO HELP REDUCE THE CARBON FOOTPRINT
- Ford is surveying 35 top global suppliers to gain a better understanding of their greenhouse gas emissions footprint as part of a broader effort to reduce carbon emissions within the auto industry
- Ford's supply chain approach builds on its success in measuring and reducing its greenhouse gases
- Ford is working with World Resources Institute, World Business Council for Sustainable Development and the Carbon Disclosure Project in an effort to identify appropriate data from suppliers
- Ford intends to share lessons learned and lead collaboration with other automotive companies through the Automotive Industry Action Group
DEARBORN, Mich., May 20, 2010 – Ford Motor Company, building on its success in measuring and reducing its own carbon footprint, today announced plans to survey 35 top global suppliers on their energy use and estimated greenhouse gas emissions.
Ford's goal is to better understand the carbon footprint of its supply chain and use the data to eventually create a broad-based carbon management approach for its supply chain. The 35 suppliers represent close to 30 percent of Ford's $65 billion in annual procurement spending.
"Suppliers play an important role as we look to reduce our overall carbon footprint and drive more efficiency in an energy constrained world," said Tony Brown, Ford group vice president, Global Purchasing. "This initiative builds on our leadership in collaborating with suppliers and gives them a way to participate in solving an issue that faces our entire industry."
The suppliers in the initial request include companies that make commodities such as seats, steering systems, tires and metal components, which require more energy to produce and thus have a larger carbon footprint. While many of these suppliers already measure their greenhouse gas emissions, the project would facilitate collaboration and sharing of processes and practices that can drive significant emissions reductions and help meet future regulatory requirements.
"Climate change has the potential to affect all parts of our business, and is connected to other important issues – from water availability and energy security to human rights," said Susan Cischke, group vice president, Sustainability, Environment and Safety Engineering. "Understanding the carbon footprint of our supply chain is a crucial part of our comprehensive global strategy to reduce greenhouse gases."
The data gathered from suppliers will be evaluated using modeling software from PTC InSight. Preliminary work Ford has done with PTC has indicated there are opportunities for both Ford and suppliers to reduce carbon emissions. Any reductions by suppliers would be in addition to Ford's own goal of reducing greenhouse gases 30 percent by 2020 from the company's 2006 model year baseline.
Several of Ford's top suppliers are already working to better understand their carbon emissions, including DuPont, TRW Automotive Holdings Corp., Bosch and Johnson Controls.
Johnson Controls, which supplies seats, interiors, electronics and batteries to Ford, is also working with the Carbon Disclosure Project and has goals in place to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
"As a company, we are committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2018, and are doing so through efficient manufacturing processes and the development of eco-friendly products," said Randy Leslie, vice president and general manager of the Ford Business Unit for Johnson Controls.
Johnson Controls also has a rating system that enables it to measure the sustainability activity of its own supply base.
As part of Ford's efforts to create a broad-based carbon management approach for its supply chain, they will share feedback from their data collection process with World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).
The two organizations are leading a global collaboration of businesses, governments and non-governmental organizations to develop credible methods for measuring and reporting corporate greenhouse gas emissions. They are currently drafting a new standard to be used to measure indirect or Scope 3 emissions. In tandem, Ford is participating in the Carbon Disclosure Project Supply Chain Program. Ford is the only automaker participating in both initiatives.
Ford is also working with the Automotive Industry Action Group in developing guidelines for measuring supplier emissions. It is the intent of Ford to share their experience in measurement and reporting of corporate and supply chain emissions with the industry group in order to lead the industry to consistent and comparable emissions estimation methods.
For additional information on Ford's near-, midand long-term product actions to deliver increased fuel efficiency and decreased CO2 to help address climate change and energy security issues, see the company's "Blueprint for Sustainability" at _URL_
About Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company, a global automotive industry leader based in Dearborn, Mich., manufactures or distributes automobiles across six continents. With about 176,000 employees and about 80 plants worldwide, the company's automotive brands include Ford, Lincoln, Mercury and, until its sale, Volvo. The company provides financial services through Ford Motor Credit Company. For more information regarding Ford's products, please visit _URL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


NOTE: PIETOOLS 2022 is the same version as PIETOOLS 3.0 available on MATLAB toolbox repository and GitHub. Major Updates: 1. Simplified LPI declaration and solving for Analysis, Control and Estimation -- PIETOOLS 2022 has added wrapper functions to simplify and generalize the workflow for different classes of systems, such as, 'lpisolve()' for all the executives, 'lpisettings()' for all the optimization parameters, and 'initialize()' & 'convert()' for defining PIEs. 2. New input formats -- PIETOOLS 2022 introduces two new input formats 'terms' format and 'command-line parser' format. -- The new terms format overrides the old terms format (which is no longer supported) and uses Matlab structures with fields vastly different from previous terms format. -- The parser format (along with the GUI for PDEs) is one of the easiest formats that can be used to define PDEs in one spatial dimension and systems with delays. Parser format involves predefining variables (state-class objects) and manipulating these variables, symbolically, to define a dynamical system. Please refer to the manual for details on the new terms format and parser format. 3. Support for 2D PDEs -- PIETOOLS now supports analysis and control of PDE systems with 2 spatial variables. As such, the workflow to define such a PDE and solve an analysis problem is identical to that of time-delay systems and PDE systems with one spatial dimensions. Defining 2D PDEs is only possible through the new terms format (support for GUI and parser formats will be included in a later release). 4. Objects -- PDEs and PIEs are now stored as 'pde_struct' and 'pie_struct' class objects. This is the first step towards making PIETOOLS more object-oriented and modular. Along with these class definitions, a display function has been customized to display the defined PDE systems in an easy-to-understand format. 5. Updates to Getting Started Demos -- Multiple demo files have been added to demonstrate how PIETOOLS can be used to solve a variety of problems. See the folder path 'PIETOOLS_demos\'.


braden.groom braden.groom - 1 year ago 87
Linux Question
How to print a number in ARM assembly?
I am trying to print a number that I have stored. I'm not sure if I am close or way off. Any help would be appreciated though. Here is my code:
.data
.balign 4
a: .word 4
.text
.global main
main:
ldr r0, addr_of_a
mov r1, #8
str r1, [r0]
write:
mov r0, #1
ldr r1, addr_of_a
mov r2, #4
mov r7, #4
swi #0
bx lr
addr_of_a: .word a
It compiles and runs, but I don't see anything printed. From what I understand, I need the address of where to start printing in r1, how many bytes in r2, the file descriptor in r0, and r7 specifies the write call if it is set to #4. I am simply trying to store #8, then print the stored number.
Answer Source
The syscall write takes on the second argument (r1) a pointer to the string you want to print. You are passing to it a pointer to an integer. That's why it's not printing anything, because there are no ASCII characters on the memory region you are passing to it.
Below you'll find a "Hello World" program using the syscall write.
.text
.global main
main:
 push {r7, lr}
 mov r0, #1
 ldr r1, =string
 mov r2, #20
 mov r7, #4
 svc #0
 pop {r7, pc}
.data
string: .asciz "Hello World\n"
If you want to print a number you can use the printf function from the C library. Like this:
.text
.global main
.extern printf
main:
 push {ip, lr}
 ldr r0, =string
 mov r1, #1024
 bl printf
 pop {ip, pc}
.data
string: .asciz "The number is: %d\n"
Finally, if you want to print the number with the syscall write you can also implement a itoa function (one that converts an integer to a string).


text:
On 24-27 August, Tserakvi, a small village in Georgia close to the country's borders with Armenia and Azerbaijan, was once again host to the annual One Caucasus Festival (see last year's
). Bringing together artists, architects, musicians, and volunteers from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Poland, and elsewhere, the One Caucasus Festival is billed as "the most inspiring festival in Georgia."
Funded by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Marneuli District Municipality, One Caucasus features four days of music from the South Caucasus and Poland. Aside from the music and workshops, a participatory budget is also included as part of the festival. Last year, the Marneuli Municipality allocated 1.7 million GEL ($680,000) for residents in local villages to decide where and how it is spent.
For three weeks prior to One Caucasus, volunteers work on constructing the festival site. Around 240 applications to volunteer were received this year with 100 coming from Azerbaijan alone. However, only 33, mainly from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Poland, were selected. Nevertheless, applications were received from as far away as Nigeria.
In addition to constructing the festival site, volunteers also held educational and cultural workshops for ethnic Armenian, Azeri, and Georgian children in nearby villages. Here a Georgian volunteer teaches traditional Georgian music and dance to a small group of children from Tserakvi.
Although a cultural event, local boys and young men take part in a traditional wrestling competition on the One Caucasus festival site.
Camilla Mammadova (right), founder of the Azerbaijani-language station
, interviews Armenian jazz singer Marine Hakobyan (left). "One Caucasus was really inspiring for me," Hakobyan later wrote in a public post on her Facebook page. "Armenians, Azerbaijanis, and Georgians living together in peace and harmony."
Camping was available for the festival and a daily occurrence was improvised performances by the Baku-based ethno-spiritual world music group Les Gardiens du Silence.
Bands and musicians from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Poland performed at the One Caucasus festival. One of the bands opening the event on a smaller stage was Yogaddin from Azerbaijan.
Headlining the first night of One Caucasus on the main stage was the all-female Georgian folk group Gordela.
Also performing on the first night was the Polish folk and dance fusion band Psio Crew.
A group mainly made up of young people from Azerbaijan, although there were also some Armenians and Georgians among them, dance to the Baku-based Ahmedowsky Trio. The group plays acid jazz fused with mugham. This year the Ahmedowsky Trio released its first EP, Sketches of Vagif, dedicated to the music of Vagif Mustafazadeh.
Armenia's Vishup Ensemble were a particular favorite and headlined the second day of the festival. A project of flautist, guitarist, and singer Arik Grigoryan, the Vishup Ensemble performs contemporary arrangements of traditional Armenian folk melodies. At the One Caucasus festival in 2015, Grigoryan and his main band, The Bambir, performed with Azerbaijani rock musicians.
Perhaps the main attraction at this year's One Caucasus Festival was Honored Artist of Azerbaijan Natig Shirinov and his Natig Rhythm Band. Shirinov will perform at a related event, Transkaukazja, in Warsaw, Poland, at the end of this month. Georgia's Gordela and Armenia's Vishup Ensemble will also play at the event.


text:
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major component of tea, has known effects on obesity, fatty liver, and obesity-related cancer. We explored the effects of EGCG on the differentiation of bovine mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs, which are multipotent) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Differentiating BMSCs were exposed to various concentrations of EGCG (0, 10, 50, 100, and 200μM) for 2, 4, and 6 days. BMSCs were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/highglucose medium with adipogenic inducers for 6 days, and the expression levels of various genes involved in adipogenesis were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. We assessed apoptosis by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining of control and EGCG-exposed cells. We found that EGCG significantly suppressed fat deposition and cell viability (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of various adipogenic factors were measured. Expression of the genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) were diminished by EGCG during adipogenic differentiation (P < 0.05). We also found that EGCG lowered the expression levels of the adipogenic proteins encoded by these genes (P < 0.05). EGCG induced apoptosis during adipogenic differentiation (P < 0.05). Thus, exposure to EGCG potentially inhibits adipogenesis by triggering apoptosis; the data suggest that EGCG inhibits adipogenic differentiation in BMSCs.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2014 The Authors.
- Adipogenic factor
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cell Biology


text:
A decade of growth has transformed air travel in Colombia from an option confined to the well-off to an increasingly accessible way for ordinary people to travel. Continued dynamism will come from many angles. Increased competition among domestic airlines is opening regional routes, while rising numbers of foreign visitors are attracting several international airlines to the market. To keep pace with market growth, a series of expansion and renovation projects is taking place across the airport network, as large and medium-sized airports compete for the increased traffic.
Such change has spurred more aggressive pricing and prompted a rethink in the air transport business. The mass growth of domestic air travel has been made possible through the establishment of various tariffs. Stronger links with several international regions, meanwhile, are improving the environment for both business and leisure travel. The result has been a tripling of passenger numbers over the past decade, from 10.8m in 2003 to 29.5m by the end of 2013.
Despite the heavy operating costs associated with air travel, liberalisation has given the sector enough agility that it can occasionally compete on price with public road transport. For certain routes – some flights from Bogotá to the coastal city of Cartagena, for example – airfares can be up to 20% lower than the same trip would cost by land. In this sense, the country's poor road infrastructure provides a strong incentive for the development of air travel – at least for the passenger market, if not for cargo as well.
Although there are a total of 75 airports under the care of civil aviation authorities, most passenger and cargo traffic runs through a handful of big and medium-sized airports. Small airports tend to link up the more isolated, rural departamentos (provinces), especially in areas such as the Amazon or the Orinoquía, which have insufficient road infrastructure and thus depend on transport by river and air. Management of the 18 of the country's airports run by private operators (through concession agreements) has been transferred to the National Infrastructure Agency (Agencia Nacional de Infraestrutctura, ANI), which is now in charge of all private-public partnerships.
Private management of airports has been a boon for the sector. Passenger numbers rose 13% in 2012 and another 16% in 2013, according to figures by the Colombian Association for Air Transport (Asociación del Transporte Aéreo en Colombia, ATAC). Airlines have increased capacity to serve the rising demand. This led to 43% growth in the number of seats available on international flights from 2009 to 2013, and a 53% rise for domestic routes. In the same five years, the number of domestic and international flights grew by 17% and 30%, respectively, according to ATAC. "The airlines have done a good job adding capacity despite the limitations of infrastructure," Gilberto Salcedo Ribero, executive director at ATAC, told OBG.
The domestic market has typically been more dynamic than the international one. The biggest airline operating in Colombia remains Avianca, which has a large network of domestic flights, international connections to some of the world's major cities, as well as operations in the domestic markets of Peru and Ecuador. Chilean airline Lan has established itself as the second competitor in the Colombian market, with an array of links to South American capitals. Panamanian carrier Copa has a solid foothold as well, but recently announced it will abandon some 10 of its national routes, prompting both Avianca and Lan to request control of these slots from Colombia's Civil Aviation Authority (Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, Aerocivil). Some of the newly available routes offer strong market opportunities to carriers with the capacity to serve them, such those between Bogotá and cities like Barranquilla, Cali, Bucaramanga, Cartagena and Medellin. The Bogotá-Cartagena route grew by 13% in January-August 2013 while Bogotá-Cali increased by 16% over the same period.
There are other carriers as well. State-owned Satena, run by the air force, provides flights to isolated regions. Easyfly, which offers low-cost regional flights to some intermediate cities, has announced it will expand internationally into destinations in Ecuador, Curaçao and Arruba. Viva Colombia, the country's first low-cost competitor, entered the market in 2012, focusing on some of the most sought-after routes, between the cities of Bogotá, Medellin, Cartagena, Cali, Barranquilla and Bucaramanga. Viva's entrance has led to tighter price competition from the incumbents, which have been able to adapt to the new market conditions through price segmentation. "These days, the low-cost and traditional airlines are very similar in Colombia because of the high level of competition coming from the established players," Salcedo said.
International carriers are connecting several Colombian cities to the rest of the world, further boosting competition. As of July 2014, Colombia was receiving 863 flights a week, operated by 20 carriers. Airlines will also be eyeing the possible exemption from tourist visas for Colombians entering the EU. Five airlines currently connect Colombia to Europe – Avianca, Air France, Lufthansa, Iberia and Portuguese airline TAP – and if the visa process gets easier, this market may become even more attractive.
Increased demand for travel between the US and Colombia prompted American Airlines to start running daily flights between Dallas, Texas and Bogotá in November 2013, bringing its weekly flights to Colombia to 42. The airline also flies three daily flights between Bogotá and Miami, twice a day between Medellin and Miami and once a day between Cali and Miami.
In early July 2014 TAP started four weekly flights from Lisbon to Bogotá and on to Panama. The airline expects this route to yield 75% occupancy in its first year of operation, projecting that 60% of passengers will stay in Bogotá, with the rest travelling on to Panama. Since reservations became available in April, 20,000 seats have been booked, guaranteeing full occupancy for the first seven to eight months of operation.
Expanding Capacity At El Dorado
Most flights from abroad land in the capital's El Dorado airport. Despite considerable expansions since the current concession-holder Opain took over operations in 2007, the exponential increase in traffic has driven capacity to near 100%, according to ATAC. In October 2013 the airport opened a new 65,000-sq-metre terminal for domestic flights, part of a $900m investment including a range of other improvements. Avianca has already transferred 65% of its domestic operations there.
Bogotá remains the most important cargo hub in South America, according to ATAC. Although it moves smaller quantities of goods than other cities do, it is generally reserved for high-value products, such as emeralds, flowers and gold.
Part of El Dorado's continued development will include the move of military and private aviation infrastructure currently located at the facility to a 700-ha area elsewhere the Cundinamarca province, where a smaller airport is due to be built by 2018. A railroad will connect the two facilities, mainly for freight. Growth is expected to continue. The airport's master plan estimates that the number of passengers will reach 29m by 2016, and 38m by 2021. Space for parking aircraft could become a problem: the master plan forecasts the airport to have 74 spots by 2018, but according to ATAC, it will need closer to 100 to take on the expected growth in passengers.
As necessary as the new infrastructure is, it will take time for its impact to be felt across the system. In the meantime, other measures will increase efficiency. One improvement made by Opain is a new fuelling structure that started operations in June 2014. The $75m system will reduce fuelling times by replacing most of the trucks used to refuel airplanes with a tubing system. Whereas the previous scheme used 27 trucks that would perform 400-500 operations a day, the new outfit has cut the number of trucks to five, replacing them with 12 km of pipes. The kit will be installed and run by US contractor Allied Aviation.
The upgrade is not without a cost. Opain has announced that the new system will raise fuelling prices for airlines by up to 1.5%, the equivalent of $0.50 per gallon. This could trigger a rise in airfares from airlines using the El Dorado airport, though it is up to each operator to decide whether to pass those costs on to consumers. Opain is also running an analysis to find ways of improving Customs operations. Upon arrival, passenger transfer to the city is expected to smooth since the Transmilenio public bus system began running a line to the airport in June 2014.
While much of the current development at El Dorado is aimed at turning Bogotá into a regional hub, some regulations may pose a challenge to this – especially when it comes to the right set of incentives for concessionaires. One case in question is the airport fee system, which charges an airport usage fee for passengers flying to and from Bogotá, but exempts transit passengers. "It's incredible to think that an Ecuadorian or a Peruvian going to Barcelona through Bogotá can use our airport for free, but a Colombian is expected to pay a fee," Andrés Ortega Rezk, general manager of Opain, told OBG. "For us this is a disincentive to promote the increase of transit passengers," he added. "We would get more use of facilities and equipment with little benefit." This is an example of where a small change in legislation would do much to push airport operators to attract more transit passengers – an essential condition for any air hub. Opain and other sector operators are working with Aerocivil to come up with an alternative.
Competing


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Description of the project (KA2 Erasmus Strategic Partnership Project)
COPE is complementary with the E2MP project and is developed by the same consortium. While E2MP trains youth managers, COPE trains young people, both projects target young people with fewer opportunities directly or indirectly.
COPE's rationale is focused on two key elements of the EU policies: social inclusion and unemployment amongst youth with fewer opportunities.
COPE can be considered as one of the EU's affirmations' solution: "Young people need the opportunity to develop the skills and competences which will help them to find their place in the labour market and in society as a whole."
COPE aims to:
- Connect young people in Europe with the aim of increasing social inclusion, promoting EU values, diversity, acceptance and inter-cultural and social dialogue.
- COPE encourages youth to support their peers in need through volunteering and learning exchanges.
- Fight against long-term work/training inactivity.
- Increase the basic skills of young people with fewer opportunities through simplified training and peer learning;
- Connect young people with fewer opportunities with job centres and inform them about projects such as; European job support and initiatives
- Make Erasmus+ accessible to everyone and motivate young people with fewer opportunities to take part in a mobility project with the aim of:
- Increasing the employability and social skills of young people with fewer opportunities;
- Decreasing the fears young have about mobility through guidance.
Young people including young people with fewer opportunities in Europe
- Training kit
- Introduction to European Union and international mobility grants
- What do I need to know when preparing my departure
- Online platform for youth – OPY

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Designing efficient screw feeders
Screw feeders are one of the industry's most useful feeding devices: they use relatively simple components and can be designed to reliably feed many kinds of bulk solids in a variety of applications. Unfortunately, the mechanisms governing the operation of these feeders under bin outlets aren't well understood. As a result, many existing screw feeders don't operate properly. This often leads to excessive power consumption, abrasive wear, particle attrition, or worse, unreliable material flow. Such problems can be avoided. This article reviews design procedures that can help you improve screw feeder performance. It also discusses the interaction mechanisms between proper bin design and optimum screw feeder design.
Feeders are used to control the rate of material discharge from a bin, hopper, silo, or bunker outlet. They shouldn't be confused with conveyors, which simply transport material from one location to another without controlling the flow rate. Common mechanical feeding devices include screw, belt, chain, rotary vane, rotary plow, rotary table, vibrating pan, and vibrating louver feeders. These feeders are typically used in a volumetric mode, where the volume of material being discharged per unit of time is varied by changing the speed, amplitude, or frequency of the feeder. Several of these devices can be designed to operate in a gravimetric mode, where the mass flow rate of material is actually measured and controlled.


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Linking to authority
Linking to authority describes a form of deceit people use online and in print. If a person uses a link as a reference to any claim, it appears to have authority backing it. In the form of books, these come as footnotes or endnotes which reference another print or online source.
However, following the links or reading the referenced material often reveals the deceitful nature of the claim. Sometimes a quote has been mined, sometimes the article linked has little to do with the claim, or even sometimes argues the exact opposite point the claim makes.
Playing on the notion that few of their followers will bother checking their work, or reading the referenced pieces, this form of deceit gives the author an aura of respect and his or her claim weight where none exists. You know where the best examples are.


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Background: As a serious public universal health issue, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a high prevalence world-wide. Some studies illustrated that GCKR modulated insulin action and serum lipids are critical diagnostic criteria of MetS. The goal of this study is to investigate the association between GCKR polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a Han population from northeast China.
Methods: Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs1260326, rs8179206, rs780094, and rs2293571) were genotyped in 3,754 participants. MetS was defined according to International Diabetes Federation criteria (2009). Genotype and allele frequency distributions were compared between two groups by chi-squared test. The associations of the four SNPs under different genetic models with MetS were tested by multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, location, education, occupation alcohol consumption, and smoking. p-values of no more than 0.003125 [0.05/(4 SNPs*4 different genetic models)] after Bonferroni correction were considered statistically significant. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis were evaluated by the Haploview software (version 4.2) and SNPStats program.
Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that after Bonferroni correction, rs780094 was associated with MetS under the recessive model (p = 0.002). Weak LD was found for the four SNPs, and the CAGC haplotype appeared to be significantly decreased the risk of MetS (p = 0.026, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79 - 0.98).
Conclusions: GCKR rs780094 was associated with MetS in northeast Han population, and haplotype CAGC generated by rs1260326, rs8179206, rs780094, and rs2293571 may decrease the risk of the disease.


Koch Lab:Research/AOD tidbits
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(New page: During grad school, Steve spent a bunch of time monkeying around with AODs (acousto-optic deflectors, see: [_URL_ wikipedia:AOM]) during the...)
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==[[/AOD Loops|Amazing diffraction patterns caused by acousto-optic effects]]==
==[[/AOD Loops|Amazing diffraction patterns caused by acousto-optic effects]]==
Schaefer-Bergmann diffraction? Possible the root cause of the AOD cross-hatching and detector wiggles?
Schaefer-Bergmann diffraction? Possible the root cause of the AOD cross-hatching and detector wiggles?
 +
[[Image:Loops.png|thumb|Loops]]
 +
==[[/AOD Crosshatch Pattern|Crosshatching in laser caused by AOD]]==
==[[/AOD Crosshatch Pattern|Crosshatching in laser caused by AOD]]==
==[[/AOD Efficiency|Efficiency and "flatness" of AODs]]==
==[[/AOD Efficiency|Efficiency and "flatness" of AODs]]==
Revision as of 00:59, 19 June 2007
During grad school, Steve spent a bunch of time monkeying around with AODs (acousto-optic deflectors, see: wikipedia:AOM) during the construction of otpical tweezers. He spent sometimes months over-analyzing some of the problems encountered and accumulated a lot of data that hasn't been published. He'd like to put that data on OWW to save time for others who may encounter those problems.
Contents
Wiggles caused by AOD on the quadrant photodiode
Amazing diffraction patterns caused by acousto-optic effects
Schaefer-Bergmann diffraction? Possible the root cause of the AOD cross-hatching and detector wiggles?
Loops
Loops
Crosshatching in laser caused by AOD
Efficiency and "flatness" of AODs
Personal tools


text:
Numerous Christian schools in California provide quality education at affordable prices. These schools are often affiliated with religious organizations, and they offer a variety of academic programs.
Are you looking for the best Christian schools in California? Then you've come to the right place. This article will overview California's top 10 best Christian schools.
The state has several private schools that offer excellent educational opportunities. Some schools are affiliated with religious organizations, such as Catholic or Protestant churches.
You'll find the best ten of them here in this article.
Are there Christian Schools in California?
Yes, there are Christian schools in California.
Some schools are affiliated with a church, while others are private institutions.
There are many reasons why parents might choose to send their children to a Christian school. Some believe that these schools' values and principles align with their beliefs. Others may appreciate the smaller class sizes and more personal attention that these schools can offer.
Whether or not a Christian school is the right fit for your family is a personal decision. However, many excellent options are available in California for those interested.
How Much Do Christian Schools in California Cost?
Christian education is one of the best investments you can make for your child's future. But how much does it cost to send your child to a Christian school in California?
The cost of tuition at a Christian school can vary depending on the location and type of school. A private Christian school in California may cost anywhere from $7,000 to $40,000 per year. A public charter school that offers a Christian curriculum may have lower tuition, around $3,000 to $5,000 per year.
When choosing a Christian school for your child, there are many factors to consider. The most important factor is whether or not the school can provide your child with a quality education that will prepare them for college and beyond. But the cost of tuition should also be considered when making your decision.
What are the Best Christian Schools in California?
There are many great Christian schools in California, but we have highlighted some of the best in this section.
These Christian schools provide quality education and offer students opportunities to grow in their faith. Students can participate in Bible studies, prayer groups, and other faith-based activities.
If you are looking for a Christian school in California, these are some of the best options.
1. California Baptist University
California Baptist University is a private university affiliated with the California Southern Baptist Convention. The university has more than 8,000 students enrolled in its undergraduate and graduate programs.
The university offers more than 60 undergraduate and graduate programs across its five colleges: The School of Arts and Sciences, The School of Business, The School of Education, The School of Music and Worship Arts, and the School of Nursing.
California Baptist University is quickly gaining a reputation for being one of the most affordable and best schools in the state. Interestingly too, CBU offers an impressive array of programs offered entirely online.
CBU has been recognized as a Military Friendly School for six consecutive years and a Christian College of Distinction by the Templeton Foundation. The university also boasts an impressive 96% job placement rate for graduates.
In addition to its academics, CBU also boasts a beautiful campus and top-notch athletics programs. Students looking for quality education at an affordable price would be wise to consider attending California Baptist University.
2. Claremont McKenna College
Claremont McKenna College (CMC) is a private liberal arts college in Claremont, California. The college was founded in 1946 as Claremont Men's College and became co-educational in 1976.
CMC offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in a variety of disciplines. CMC's most popular majors are economics, political science, psychology, and business administration.
The college has a student population of 1,650 and a faculty-student ratio of 1:7. The college has an endowment of $1.1 billion.
The college is consistently ranked among the top colleges in the country by U.S. News & World Report and Forbes magazine.
3. Cornerstone University
Cornerstone University is a private, evangelical Christian university in Grand Rapids, Michigan. It was founded in 1941 by Dr. Herman A. Hoyt and his wife, Bertha.
The university offers more than 70 undergraduate and graduate programs in arts and sciences, business, education, music, and psychology.
Cornerstone University enrolls approximately 3,500 students. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Church in America and has been recognized as one of the top Christian colleges in the nation.
The Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools accredits Cornerstone University.
4. Greenville Christian School & College
Greenville Christian School & College (GCS&C) is a private K–12 Christian school in Greenville, South Carolina. The school was founded in 1984 by a group of families who desired to provide their children with a Christ-centered education.
Today, GCS&C serves over 1,000 students from preschool through 12th grade. The college preparatory curriculum is based on the traditional liberal arts model and integrates biblical truth into all subject areas.
Academically, GCS&C ranks among the top schools in South Carolina. In addition to strong academics, GCS&C offers many extracurricular activities, including fine arts, athletics, and service opportunities.
The school's mission is to provide a Christ-centered education that equips students with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed.
Students at Greenville Christian School & College are taught how to think critically and Biblically about the world around them.
5. Loma Linda University
Loma Linda University is a private, nonprofit university in Loma Linda, California. The university is affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church and offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs.
The university's mission is to "provide leadership and service in the promotion of health, healing, and wholeness throughout the world."
Loma Linda University is home to six schools and colleges, including the School of Medicine, the School of Public Health, the School of Nursing, the School of Religion, and the School of Allied Health Professions. The university also offers a variety of online programs.
The Western Association of Schools and Colleges accredits Loma Linda University. It is ranked as one of the best colleges for health care in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.
Loma Linda University is worth considering if you're looking for a high-quality education from a university with a unique mission.
6. Mission College
Mission College is an accredited two-year community college in Santa Clara, California. The college offers associate degrees and certificates in more than 100 areas of study.
It offers a variety of associate's degrees and certificates in fields such as business, engineering, health care, and information technology.
Mission College is committed to providing quality education at an affordable price. Mission College also has a strong vocational program that helps students prepare for careers in the skilled trades.
Mission College is a great place to start your college career. The faculty is experienced and passionate about teaching, and the campus is welcoming and comfortable.
Multiple organizations have recognized the college's excellence, including the Aspen Institute and U.S. News and World Report.
7. Palomar College
Palomar College is a two-year community college in San Diego, California. It was founded in 1946 as Palomar Junior College and renamed Palomar Community College in 1972. The main campus is in San Marcos, about 30 miles north of downtown San Diego.
Palomar offers associate's degrees and certificates in more than 80 fields. With over 25,000 students, Palomar College is one of the largest community colleges in the state.
Palomar has a strong athletics program, with teams competing in the California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA). The school's mascot is the Comets.
In addition to its associate's degree programs, the college also offers associate's degrees, certificates in various disciplines, and transfer programs that allow students to pursue a bachelor's degree at a four-year institution.
Palomar College also offers noncredit courses and programs for adults and high school students.
The Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) accredited the college.
8. Point Loma Nazarene University
Point Loma Nazarene University is a private Christian university in San Diego, California. It was founded in 1902 and is affiliated with the Church of the Nazarene.
Point Loma Nazarene University is committed to providing an education that develops the whole person – mind, body, and spirit.
In the same vein, Point Loma Nazarene University is committed to providing a well-rounded education that transforms students for global leadership and service.
The University offers a variety of programs that prepare students for careers in various fields, including business, education, healthcare, and more. In addition to its academic programs, the university also offers a variety of extracurricular activities and clubs, as well as opportunities for service and ministry.
The university offers undergraduate and graduate programs and a variety of professional degrees.
9. San Diego Christian College
San Diego Christian College (SDCC) is a private college in El Cajon, California. The college was founded in 1970 and offers over 50 undergraduate and graduate programs.
SDCC offers associate's, bachelor's, and master's degrees in various fields, including business, education, psychology, and more. The college also offers several distance-learning programs for students who cannot attend classes on campus.
SDCC is committed to providing students with a Christ-centered education that prepares them for a life of service and leadership. The college offers a range of programs that equip students with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in their chosen field.
The WASC Senior College and University Commission accredit SDCC.
If you're looking for a college that will help you grow academically, spiritually, and professionally, look no further than San Diego Christian College.
10. Pepperdine University


(signals an error or condition).If X, Y and Z are no-argument functions, the following two lines are equivalent:
 (orelse (x) (y) (z))
 (run-orelse #'x #'y #'z)

 - BEFORE-COMMIT is a macro that registers Lisp forms to be executed later, just before the transaction tries to commit. It can be useful to normalize or simplify some transactional data, or perform any kind of bookkeeping activity.Be aware that the transaction is not yet committed when the forms registered with BEFORE-COMMIT run. This means in particular:
 - There is no guarantee that the commit will succeed.
 - If the forms signal an error when executed, the error is propagated to the caller, forms registered later with BEFORE-COMMIT are not executed, and the transaction rolls back.
 - The forms can read and write normally to transactional memory, and in case of conflicts the whole transaction, including all forms registered with BEFORE-COMMIT, is re-executed from the beginning.
 - The forms cannot (retry) – attempts to do so will signal an error. Starting a nested transaction and retrying inside that is acceptable, as long as the (retry) does not propagate outside the forms themselves.
 - AFTER-COMMIT is another macro that registers Lisp forms to be executed later, but in this case they are executed immediately after the transaction has been successfully committed. It can be useful to notify some subsystem that for any reason cannot call (retry) to be informed of changes in transactional memory – for example because it is some existing code that one does not wish to modify.In this case, the transaction is already committed when the forms registered with AFTER-COMMIT run, and (since STMX 1.3.2) the forms are executed outside any transaction. There are some limitations on what the forms can do:
 - If the forms signal an error when executed, the error is propagated to the caller, forms registered later with AFTER-COMMIT are not executed, but the transaction remains committed.
 - The forms are not executed inside a transaction: while it is certainly possible to explicitly run an (atomic) block from them, doing so would probably defeat the purpose of AFTER-COMMIT and it may also cause a significant performance penalty.
 - CALL-BEFORE-COMMIT is the function version of BEFORE-COMMIT: it accepts a single function and registers it to be executed before the transaction tries to commit.
 - CALL-AFTER-COMMIT is the function version of AFTER-COMMIT: it accepts a single function and registers it to be executed after the transaction has been successfully committed.
 - TVAR is the class implementing transactional memory behind the scenes. It is used internally by slots of transactional classes, but can also be used directly. Except if specified, all its functions and methods work both inside and outside transactions (remember that using transactional memory outside transactions is only intended for debugging purposes). Functions and methods:
 - (tvar [initial-value]) Create a new TVAR, optionally bound to a value.
 - ($-slot var) Get the value of VAR. Signals an error if VAR is not bound to any value. Note: before STMX 1.9.0, this function was named ($ var).
 - (setf ($-slot var) value) Store VALUE into VAR. Note: before STMX 1.9.0, this function was named (setf ($ var) value).
 - (bound-$? var) Return true if VAR is bound to some value.
 - (unbind-$ var) Unbind VAR from its value.
 - (value-of var) getter method, equivalent to ($-slot var)
 - (setf (value-of var) value) setter method, equivalent to (setf ($-slot var) value)
 For programmers that want to squeeze the last CPU cycle out of STMX, there are also some more specialized functions:
 - ($ var) Get the value of VAR. Return +unbound-tvar+ if VAR is not bound to any value.
 - (setf ($ var) value) Set the value of VAR. Identical to (setf ($-slot var) value) and provided for simmetry with ($ var).
Utilities and examples
See the example and util folder, which contains several examples and utilities built with STMX and should be relatively straightforward to understand. The folder util contains the following classes with related methods and functions, all in the STMX.UTIL package – for more details, use (describe 'some-symbol) at REPL:
 - TCELL is the simplest transactional class. It is created with (make-instance 'tcell [:value initial-value]) and it can be empty or hold a single value.Methods: FULL? EMPTY? EMPTY! PEEK TAKE PUT TRY-TAKE TRY-PUT.When empty, taking a value will (retry) and wait until some other thread puts a value.When full, putting a value will (retry) and wait until some other thread removes the current value.Note: raw TVARs support exactly the same methods.
 - TCONS is a transactional cons cell. It is created with (tcons first-value second-value).Methods: TFIRST (SETF TFIRST) TREST (SETF TREST).Seldom used directly.
 - TLIST is a transactional list. It is created with (tlist [values ...]).Methods: TFIRST (SETF TFIRST) TREST (SETF TREST) TPUSH TPOP.Normal lists are perfectly suitable for transactional use as long as they are not destructively modified, so TLIST is often unnecessary: it becomes needed only to support transactional destructive modifications.
 - TSTACK is a transactional first-in-last-out buffer. It is created with (make-instance 'tstack) and it can be empty or hold unlimited values.Methods: FULL? EMPTY? EMPTY! PEEK TAKE PUT TRY-TAKE TRY-PUT.All methods append or remove values from the end, and putting a value always succeeds, even when other values are already present: the new value is simple appended at the end. For the rest, the methods behave as described for the TCELL class.
 - TFIFO is a transactional first-in-first-out buffer. It is created with (make-instance 'tfifo) and it can be empty or hold unlimited values.Methods: FULL? EMPTY? EMPTY! PEEK TAKE PUT TRY-TAKE TRY-PUT.PUT and TRY-PUT append values at the end, PEEK TAKE and TRY-TAKE get or remove them from the beginning, shifting the remaining values. For the rest, the methods behave as described for the TCELL and TSTACK classes.
 - TCHANNEL is a transactional multicast channel. It is created with (make-instance 'tchannel), can contain unlimited values and it is write-only. To read from it, create a TPORT as described below.Methods: FULL? EMPTY? PUT TRY-PUT.PUT and TRY-PUT append values at the end, making them available to connected ports. FULL? always returns nil, since a channel can contain unlimited values. EMPTY? always returns t, since it is not possible to get values from a channel.It is possible to write into the same channel from multiple threads: added elements will be interleaved and made available to all connected ports.
 - TPORT is a transactional reader for TCHANNEL. It is created with (make-instance 'tport :channel some-channel). Ports do not support putting values, they are used to retrieve values from the channel they are connected to.Methods: FULL? EMPTY? EMPTY! PEEK TAKE TRY-TAKE.PEEK TAKE and TRY-TAKE get or consume values previously added to the connected channel. All ports connected to the same channel receive all the values in the same order, and they consume values independently: taking a value from a port does not consume it from the other ports.FULL? always returns t, since it is not possible to put values in a port. EMPTY? returns t if some values are available to read or consume. EMPTY! consumes all values currently available.It is also possible to use the same port from multiple threads: elements consumed by one thread will not be available to other threads using the same port.
 - THASH-TABLE is a transactional hash table. It is created with (make-instance 'thash-table [:test #'some-test-function] [:hash #'some-hash-function]).Two differences from standard Common Lisp HASH-TABLE:
 - :test argument must be an actual function, not a symbol. The default is #'eql.
 - a hash function can be specified explicitly with :hash #'some-hash-function For the usual test functions, i.e. #'eq #'eql and #'equal the hash function can be omitted and a safe default (usually #'sxhash) will be used. For other test functions, the hash function becomes mandatory.
 Methods: GHASH-TABLE-COUNT GHASH-TABLE-EMPTY? CLEAR-GHASH GET-GHASH (SETF GET-GHASH) SET-GHASH REM-GHASH MAP-GHASH DO-GHASH COPY-GHASH GHASH-KEYS GHASH-


text:
Interpretive themes pull together multiple meanings of park resources into a story for people to explore. Thematic interpretation begins with resources and ends with a comprehensive program of interpretive offerings. It cumulatively builds on the significant meanings of the park and explores why its resources make it one of the best places to explore them.
Universal concepts are essential components of both primary interpretive themes and subthemes. Universal concepts are powerful because in just a word—love, family, war, honor, education, sacrifice—so many different meanings are instantly accessed. They are effective in interpretation because they enable a wide range of people with diverse life experiences to become engaged in a place, in a program, or in an exhibit.
Keep in mind that universal concepts are most effective and useful when they are more than just broad words. Context is also an important consideration that should not be overlooked when developing interpretive theme statements. We've adapted the discussion of these topics from the 2003 NPS Intermountain Support Office Theme Guide to explore thematic interpretation.
For Your Information
Before continuing, collect the tools your park uses to document its thematic scope. Ask the chief of interpretation or head ranger for a copy of the most recent interpretive prospectus and other pertinent documents for thematic interpretation. These documents indicate the policy decisions for which themes to interpret and frequently outline the methods a park uses. Review them, and keep the themes in mind while reading this chapter. Think, in particular, about how the results of archeological work may tell stories within —or outside—the thematic framework.
Primary Themes and Subthemes
Interpreters find that thematic interpretation draws out provocative and powerful stories from resources. Interpretive themes operate at two levels: as primary interpretive themes and subthemes. Primary interpretive themes are the overarching, biggest stories about the place. Subthemes are the smaller stories that nest within the primary interpretive themes.
Characteristics that are common to both levels of interpretive themes include the following:
- All interpretive themes are based on the significances of park resources.
- All interpretive themes are the cores of stories used to explore the multiple significances of the park's resources to the public.
- All interpretive themes connect park resources to the larger ideas, meanings, beliefs, and values of which they are a part.
- All interpretive themes contain universal concepts, allowing a wide and diverse range of people to all find personal paths of connection to the stories of the place.
- All interpretive themes provide opportunities for people to explore the meanings of the place, without telling people what park resources should mean to them.
Interpretive themes are best stated as single sentences that include tangible and intangible elements. Don't state interpretive themes as topics, which tends to organize a body of work but is too ambiguous to provide focus.
Developing Primary Themes
Primary interpretive themes communicate the most important values of the park's resources to the public. They translate factual significance statements into overarching park stories and may be the first elements that people associate with the park. Primary interpretive themes form the foundation of the park's interpretive program, but are grounded on the park's values.
Primary interpretive themes are best written as single sentences. Although primary themes are based on park significance statements, there need not be a one-to-one relationship between statements of significance and primary interpretive themes. However, the set of primary theme statements must represent the entire set of resource values. It is important to identify as many resources available for interpretation as possible, and stating themes to link everything together is an important step.
Sometimes interpretive opportunities address one, or even all, of a park's primary interpretive themes. But when that is the case, the treatment is necessarily introductory in nature (such as a park brochure or general park video), and leads visitors to other services and resources.
Subthemes are the driving elements in the development of specific interpretive services—the actual activities or media available to visitors. Since effective storytelling moves from the specific to the general, interpreters move from the introductory uses of primary themes to subthemes to help visitors connect with a significant aspect of park resources.
Subthemes are narrower than primary themes in scope and deeper in their treatment of the particular aspects of the resources. Like primary interpretive themes, subthemes link tangible resources to intangible ideas and meanings, and include universal concepts to increase interpretive effectiveness.
Subthemes are valuable because they allow specific interpretive services to achieve greater depth. They enable interpreters to guide visitors through the exploration of more subtle and complex aspects of specific park resources. This allows understanding at a more sophisticated level, and helps visitors extrapolate their new knowledge from the specific to the general.
Developing Interpretive Services from Subthemes
When a program is organized around a theme that links a tangible resource to a universal concept, the links must be developed with interpretive methods into opportunities for connections to resource meanings. Those opportunities must be intentionally sequenced to elaborate the theme's idea. Each opportunity builds on previous opportunities and provides the audience a chance to learn or feel differently. The effect of the arrangement is cumulative and articulates and explores the meaning of the interpretive theme statement.
Interpretive services are always developed from interpretive themes to ensure a direct linkage stays intact from resource values to the story format of primary interpretive themes to the depth and focus of subthemes. Consciously building an interpretive service around the framework of a well-crafted primary interpretive theme also prevents the desired outcome of the service from being overshadowed or deflected by interpretive medium, technique, or personality. Exploring meanings remains the central goal — and maximizes the value of the interpretive service toward fulfilling the mission of interpretation.
Ideas for specific interpretive services flow from interpreters' familiarity with park resources. Initial inspiration may spring from many sources: an often-asked question, a dramatic viewshed, a new discovery, etc. Regardless of origin, the design and presentation of every interpretive service must be driven by the strategic decision to tell a story that provides opportunities for people to explore meanings.
The following two examples of park significance statements and primary interpretive themes are taken from the 2003 edition of the NPS Intermountain Support Office Theme Guide:
Set of Significance Statements
- Petroglyph National Monument contains one of the largest concentrations of petroglyphs in North America and represents an extensive record of peoples for whom we have few written records.
- The monument has outstanding research potential because the petroglyphs are numerous, have retained their integrity, are an outstanding example of Rio Grande style, and are close to other associated archeological resources.
- Places in the monument have traditional and cultural importance to Southwestern American Indians and Atrisco Land Grant heirs.
- The largely unexcavated Piedras Marcadas Pueblo ruin is one of the largest pueblos of its time period in the Rio Grande valley.
- The monument's natural and cultural landscape (escarpment, volcanic cones, and surrounding open space) and long vistas are major elements that define Albuquerque's western horizon and provide opportunities to experience contrasts with a growing urban environment.
- The geologic resources of Petroglyph National Monument (tectonic rifts, cinder cones and lava flows, and dramatic erosional features) facilitates both an understanding of the formation of the Rio Grande Rift and how natural landmarks have been recognized by and influenced a number of cultures.
- Because of the historical significance of the land base in the proximity of a major urban area, Petroglyph National Monument provides a unique opportunity to interpret the divergent and convergent historical events and cultural viewpoints of the Puebloans and Europeans (Spanish) that led to conflict and resolution.
Set of Primary Interpretive Themes
- The rich concentration of petroglyphs and the associated cultural landscape at Petroglyph National Monument, recognized as important by the native peoples of the mid Rio Grande Valley and others, offer opportunities to contemplate the meaning of cultural continuity in our world of accelerating change.
- This geologically active area, formed by rifting, volcanism, and erosional forces including the Rio Grande and its tributaries, has attracted people for thousands of years and powerfully influenced their lifeways, traditions, and beliefs — exemplifying how landscapes shape and influence human societies.
- The symbols connected to this place — petroglyphs, land grant deeds, Christian crosses, livestock brands, and inscriptions — provide opportunities to explore the ownership, control, and use of land, resources, identity, and ideas in the ongoing history of the American Southwest.
- The continuity of the Atrisco Land Grant from 1692 to the present provides an opportunity to understand 300 years of land grant ownership in the face of an ever-changing urban landscape and continued use by the heirs of the original Spanish settlers.
Colonial Dorchester State Historic Site
Set of Significance Statements
- The village of Dorchester is a remnant of the global process of European colonization and exemplifies, in microcosm, many elements of colonial and revolutionary era life in South Carolina.
- Extensive historical records exist for Old Dorchester, adding tremendous integrity to the site.
- The village site has maintained a high degree of archeological integrity, and in the process provides us with extensive documentation of life during the period 1690 to 1780. It is one of the most intact and protected colonial town complexes in South Carolina.
- Old Dorchester State Historic Site is one of the few ongoing archeological projects open to the public in South Carolina. Here visitors can observe daily investigations, a source of ongoing discoveries.
- The fort and village are significant for their association with the American Revolutionary War. The fort is one of only a handful of surviving fortifications remaining in South Carolina that were occupied by both British and American troops.
- The fort at Old Dorchester


text:
Renowned photographer Douglas Kirkland explores the process of shooting a series of photos that connect to tell a story.
Renowned photographer Douglas Kirkland discusses the art of photographing kids ranging from toddlers to preteens, both alone and together with parents and siblings.
Well-known photographer Douglas Kirkland discusses the importance of keeping your mind and eye open for photographic opportunities, regardless of the kind of camera on-hand.
Photographer Douglas Kirkland uses a large-format film camera to shoot portraits.
Photographer Douglas Kirkland uses a medium-format film camera to shoot a portrait for Kodak's "OnFilm" series, which features portraits of directors, cinematographers, and other major players in the film industry.
Douglas Kirkland talks with his friend and colleague, Gerd Ludwig, a photojournalist best known for his National Geographic coverage of the former Soviet Union and Chernobyl, about his work and career.
Well-known photographer Douglas Kirkland demonstrates studio portraiture techniques, from lighting to working with a model.
Renowned photographer Douglas Kirkland shows how to shoot photographs for publication.
Well-known photographer Douglas Kirkland explains how he works with natural lighting and how to best take advantage of it for portraiture.
Offers insight into Douglas Kirkland's photographs and inspirations.


text:
What properties of urethane make it uniquely applicable to its products?
1 Answer | Add Yours
Based on its unique characteristics, Urethane products have been designed to cater to various needs. For example, Urethane excels in mechanical strength – hence used in the making of high tensile strength adhesives. It can endure extreme conditions such as exposure to severe temperatures, salt water, and UV light - used in the making of marine industrial products, making of skateboards, buoys, mining and water treatment applications. It is resistant to cigarette fire – thus used in making bedding materials. It is water repellent – used in a wide range of coating and waterproofing membranes.
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text:
fur. Brushing their coat at least once a week will help remove any loose hair and keep their fur looking its best. Additionally, checking and cleaning their ears regularly is important to prevent any ear infections.
Trimming their nails is another important aspect of grooming to ensure their claws don't become too long and uncomfortable for them. Dental care is also necessary to maintain their oral health and prevent dental issues.
By following a regular grooming routine, seal mitted Ragdolls can maintain their regal appearance and keep their coat in optimal condition. Remember, while they may be low shedding, regular grooming is still necessary to keep their fur looking its best and to prevent any potential discomfort for your furry friend.


text:
1.Electric Power Research Institute of Guangxi Power Grid Co,Ltd;2.Guangxi Power Grid Co,Ltd
光学字符识别(optical character recognition ,OCR)技术在近些年得到了较大的发展,但在电力工作票的识别领域应用还较少。现有电力工作票分割与识别通常基于OCR与语义分割的方法实现工作票表格分割与文本信息的提取。但存在模型训练量大,分割效果受OCR检测准确率影响较大等问题。因此,本论文提出了一种电力工作票分割与文本信息提取方法,首先该方法通过对电力工作票进行二值化处理,并对所得图像进行了膨胀腐蚀等操作提取了表格框线。然后基于对表格框线的检测结果对工作票进行了分割操作得到了单元格图片。然后使用OCR方法对各单元格内对应的文本信息进行检测。最后基于正则匹配方法对文本数据进行结构化处理。本文基于Python验证了所提方法的有效性。
Optical character recognition (OCR) technology has been greatly developed in recent years, but its application in the field of identification of power work tickets is still relatively small. Existing power work ticket segmentation and recognition are usually based on OCR and semantic segmentation methods to achieve work ticket table segmentation and text information extraction. However, there are problems such as a large amount of model training, and the segmentation effect is greatly affected by the accuracy of OCR detection. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of power work ticket segmentation and text information extraction. First, this method highlights the table borders by binarizing the power work ticket and performing operations such as expansion and corrosion on the resulting image. Then, the work ticket is divided based on the detection result of the table border, and the position of each cell is obtained. Then use the OCR method to detect the corresponding text information in each cell. Finally, the text data is structured based on the regular matching method. This paper verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method based on Python.


text:
Biological distances calculated between archeologically recovered human skeletal collections are often used to assess the effects of temporal and spatial distance on subpopulation divergence. Although there are many previous empirical studies that examine skeletal material arrayed across time and/or space, the theoretical expectations for temporally or spatially related variation in biological characteristics have not been formally developed. In this paper I present the infinite island model, the unidimensional stepping-stone model, and the migration matrix method in forms that allow prediction of the genetic distance between groups separated by a given spatial and temporal lag. These models demonstrate that, if there is isolation by geographic distance, then the correlation between genetic and spatial distance (controlling for temporal distance) should be positive and the correlation between genetic and temporal distance (controlling for spatial distance) should be negative. I use observations of nonmetric traits in a sample of prehistoric crania from west-central Illinois to demonstrate the expected relationships among biological, temporal, and spatial distance. The results indicate that, once the effects of temporal trend are removed, biological and spatial distance are positively correlated and biological and temporal distance negatively correlated within this sample.
Konigsberg, Lyle W.
"Analysis of Prehistoric Biological Variation under a Model of Isolation by Geographic and Temporal Distance,"
1, Article 4.
Available at: _URL_


) => {
 describe('find()', () => {
 // Use "context()" to create a logical group of tests
 // executing a similar scenario.
 context('with "include" filter', () => {
 it('adds related models to the result', () => {
 // Model find() returns filtered results
 });
 });
 });
 // ...
});
Bad:
describe('Model', () => {
 describe('find()', () => {
 // "describe()" is not suitable here, the source code line
 // produces a misleading English sentence: "describe with include filter"
 describe('with "include" filter', () => {
 it('adds related models to the result', () => {
 // Model find() returns filtered results
 });
 });
 });
 // ...
});
// Don't overuse "context()", use "describe('Model')" instead
context('Model', () => {
 context('find()', () => {
 context('with "include" filter', () => {
 it('adds related models to the result', () => {
 // Model find() returns filtered results
 });
 });
 });
 ...
});
Asserting a rejected Promise
Checking that a promise was rejected is tricky and makes it easy to introduce subtle bugs. Always use the following pattern:
Good
// use a different test name, one that's appropriate for your test
it('fails when arguments are invalid', () => {
 return doSomethingThatShouldFail().then(
 function onSuccess() {
 throw new Error('doSomething() should have failed');
 },
 function onError(err) {
 // verify that "err" is the expected error
 });
});
Bad
it('fails when arguments are invalid', () => {
 return doSomethingThatShouldFail()
 .then(result => {
 assert(false);
 })
 .catch(err => {
 // verify that "err" is the expected error
 });
});
When doSomethingThatShouldFail() passes and assert(false) throws an error, this AssertionError is then handled by the catch block. If the "verify" step is written correctly, then the test fails because the AssertionError was not the expected error; however the failure message is misleading. If the "verify" step is not specific enough (e.g. any Error is accepted), then the test incorrectly passes.


text:
The Constitutional Court through Writ for Protection of Fundamental Rights 881 of 2012 established that a person linked through an apprenticeship agreement, who had suffered an accident in development of his/her agreement, was entitled to the reinforced occupational stability guarantee.
¿What is the apprenticeship agreement?
Article 30 of Law 789 of 2002 defined the apprenticeship agreement as a special form within the Labor Law, through which an individual develops practical theoretical formation in an authorized entity and in exchange a sponsor enterprise grants the funds to acquire methodic and complete professional formation required for the profession, activity or occupation and this implies to the performance within the administrative, business operative or financial management within the ordinary course of the enterprise activities, for any determined time not exceeding two (2) years.
¿Which is the remuneration in an apprenticeship agreement?
The remuneration in this type of agreement is called maintenance support, which may not be deemed as salary. The minimum amount for the maintenance support, in the teaching phase would be of 50% of a minimum salary and in the practical phase of the agreement of 75% of a minimum salary.
¿What does the Colombian law establish vis-à-vis the reinforced stability of apprentices?
The provisions ruling the apprenticeship agreement does not expressly provide anything regarding the reinforced stability right of apprentices that have suffered a loss in their labor capacity during the practical phase of formation.
¿What does the Constitutional Court establish vis-à-vis the legal vacuum?
The Constitutional Court deemed that this legal vacuum shall be resolved according to article 8 of Law 153 of 1887, pursuant to which "When there is no law exactly applicable to the controversial case, the laws ruling cases or similar matters shall be applied".
The Court applies the above mentioned provision and assimilates the apprenticeship agreement to the labor agreement since both have common elements, such as the personal rendering of a service, the subordination and the remuneration (called salary in the labor agreement and maintenance support in the apprenticeship agreement).
Consequently, the similarities between both agreements are sufficient reasons to affirm that not existing a law regarding the reinforced stability of apprentices that have lost a percentage of their labor capacity, the laws ruling these situations in the labor agreements shall be applied in an analogous manner.
¿What is reinforced labor stability?
Article 26 of Law 361 of 1997 refers to the reinforced stability as the protection that limited individuals have, due to which they can not be dismissed or their labor agreement terminated by virtue of their limitation, unless there exists authorization from the Ministry of Labor.
¿How does the reinforced stability in the apprenticeship agreements operate?
The mentioned decision ordered for the concrete case, the rehiring of the plaintiff to the company to the position he was occupying, provided his physical disability does not hinder the performance of the activities of the function for which he was hired. If his physical disability would hinder the performance of the entrusted activities, the company shall relocate him in another position compatible with his abilities and in coordination with SENA, offer to him an occupational formation that the actor would require.
This protection shall be enforceable until the Ministry of Labor authorizes the termination of the relationship with the apprentice or until the compliance of the maximum term of duration of the apprenticeship agreements of two (2) years. To calculate this term, the Court only took into account the time of relationship of the apprentice in the practical phase.
Tel. (57-1) _PHONE_


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Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
In discussion with my colleagues regarding the possibility of installing a dilution air blower on a vent stack, the following question arose:
Let's say a dilution blower is provided that has a deadhead pressure of, say, 3 psig, and the vent stack is in the middle of relieving an emergency event. The relief event is such that the stack pressure is 10 psig at the inlet due to the relieving gas flow (close to where the dilution air blower would discharge into the stack).
My colleagues seemed to think that by providing a "Y" connection would somehow prevent backflow through the blower. I contended that unless the stack were provided with some kind of venturi or other design to accelerate the gas and drop local pressure below 3 psig, the blower would experience back-flow through it.
My overall contention and understanding of a blower is that if discharge pressure is higher than the deadhead pressure, it will experience backflow.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
Would agree with your predictions on this.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
It depends; what amount of momentum will the gas have as it passes the location of the dilution blower. For it to take a different path it needs to change direction; what will cause that direction change? Now, if the tube was capped so there was no flow it would be obvious that the 10 psi source would vent into the 3 psi area, but once it's moving it really depends on the geometry.
An interesting example I came across recently is the Tesla valve which is essentially a solid state diode to gas flow.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
3Ddave: The 10 psig pressure would be the driving force. The vent is already providing a significant resistance to flow.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
So you've calculated the velocity? I missed where you did that step.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
3DDave - I believe that the velocity is immaterial if the gauge pressure that is read at the point of the dilution air entry is 10 psig. The only way velocity would matter is if the air stream at 10 psig upstream of the dilution air entry were accelerated via a venturi, which could drop the gauge pressure reading to sub-3 psig at the entry point of the dilution air. This stack is intended to be a straight pipe, so I'm not seeing how velocity plays into this.
You seem to be saying that even if I had this Y connection, but it discharged to atmosphere (no blower), there would be no flow through it because the momentum of the relieving stream would prevent the gas from "turning around". I find that to be an unbelievable assertion. Adding a blower to that pipe only changes the static pressure the gas flow is fighting against. You are essentially asserting, if I understand you correctly, that gases will not always flow from high pressure to low pressure. If that is a fundamental error on my part, please explain why.
We are currently designing this stack to handle a range of relief conditions, and dilution air is one means of achieving sufficient velocity for dispersion for some of the smaller relief cases. This question arose during that discussion regarding what kind/pressure the blower would be needed.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
I agree that there would be backflow. I don't see why a Y shape would avoid that.
Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
If you were talking about 3 psig deadhead and say 3.2 psig at the Y, your colleagues might have a point as it would act to a certain extent like a venturi.
But not 10 psig. No way.
without an NRV suitably rated you will get backflow.
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In a syllabus of mine, they try to find a closed form of the following recurrence relation
$$\begin{align*} T(2k) &\leq 3T(k) + ck & k \geq 1\\ T(1) &= 1 \end{align*}$$
The method I usually use to find the closed form of a recurrence is expand it a few times and try to find a pattern. Then I verify that pattern using induction.
In my syllabus they only show the verification part, by using $T(2^l) \leq c(3^l - 2^l)$ as hypothesis, where $c$ is chosen such $T(2)\leq c$ and $l \geq 1$.
So, I tried expanding the recurrence relation to see where I could find that pattern, but I don't get anything close to it.
For example:
$$\begin{align*}T(2^l) &\leq 3(3T(2^{l-2})+c2^{l-2})+c2^{l-1}\\ &= 3^2T(2^{l-2})+3c2^{l-2}+c2^{l-1}\\ &= 3^2T(2^{l-2})+5c2^{l-2}\\ &\leq 3^2(3T(2^{l-3})+c2^{l-3})+5c2^{l-2}\\ &= 3^3T(2^{l-3})+3^2c2^{l-3}+10c2^{l-3} \end{align*}$$
So, my guess is, since they multiply $3^l$ by $c$, you can subtract $c2^l$ and still remain bigger than $T(2^l)$. But, while expanding, I doubt I would have come up with that.
So my question: is there perhaps a method that I can use to find this hypothesis by expanding, and without to many 'magic' manipulations to get to that hypothesis?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Hint: Consider $S(k)=T(2^k)+c\cdot2^k$. Show that $S(k+1)\leqslant 3S(k)$. Compute $S(0)$. Deduce that $S(k)\leqslant 3^k(1+c)$ for every $k\geqslant0$ and, finally, that $T(2^k)\leqslant 3^k+c\cdot(3^k-2^k)$ for every $k\geqslant0$.
share|improve this answer
Don't we $3^k$ to much now? – sxd Jun 14 '12 at 18:04
This is due to your use of the same symbol $c$ for two different quantities, namely the factor in the recursion and the upper bound of $T(2)$. Once you will have made up your mind about this, you will just have to adapt the hints in my answer, possibly starting from $T(2)$ and/or $S(1)$ instead of $T(1)$ and/or $S(0)$. – Did Jun 14 '12 at 18:25
You can use the "Master Theorem" for solving recurrences. This is a general method of solving recurrences of the form $$ T(n) = a T(n/b) + f(n) $$ In this case, we have $$ T(n) = 3 T(n/2) + c/2 n $$
Here $f(n)$ satisfies $f(n) = O(n^{\log_b a - \epsilon})$, hence we have $$ T(n) = \Theta(n^{\log_b a}) = \Theta(n^{1.58}) $$
share|improve this answer
I'm not looking to solve this recurrence that way. I'm just search for the way that they came up with that hypothesis. Thanks though. – sxd Jun 14 '12 at 18:22
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