systems, such as the autopilot and radar, to ensure that they can operate under different conditions and scenarios.
Energy and Power Systems
Cosimulation helps analyze and evaluate the performance of energy and power systems, including renewable energy systems and smart grids. It helps optimize energy distribution, reduce costs, and increase efficiency.
For example, cosimulation can help analyze the behavior of a wind turbine and its interaction with the power grid to optimize its energy production and minimize its impact on the grid. It can also simulate the behavior of a smart grid, including the interaction between different energy sources, such as solar panels and batteries, to ensure optimal energy management and distribution.
Robotics and Automation
Robotics and automation systems rely on cosimulation to ensure integrated system operation and functional safety. Cosimulation helps ensure that all components of the system work together cohesively, minimizing the risk of component failure and maximizing system performance.
For example, cosimulation can help analyze the behavior of a robotic arm and its interaction with other components, such as sensors and actuators, to ensure precise and safe operation. It can also simulate the behavior of an automated assembly line, including the interaction between different machines and robots, to optimize the production process and minimize downtime.
In conclusion, cosimulation is an increasingly popular and powerful tool in modern engineering. It enables enhanced collaboration and communication, improved design efficiency, reduced development time and costs, increased accuracy and reliability, and a broad range of real-world applications. With its growing popularity and versatility, cosimulation will continue to play a crucial role in driving innovation and progress in engineering.
Learn more about how Collimator's cosimulation capabilities can help you fast-track your development. Schedule a demo with one of our engineers today.
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New Works at Identity Theft April 16th Opening at Foound in Geneva, Switzerland
At the crux of Luttrell's creative process is the universal relationship our bodies and minds have with chaos and the means in which we attempt to control it. Identity Thef is a series of work that questions if progress within a system is really a change for the better or if it is an epidemic causing an inevitable breakdown due to our obsession with moving forward.
The process, which lends to the subject matter of the works, begins with internet-based images of patents - the blueprints of ideas - creating the byproduct of our highly technical world. These images are then transferred onto paper, replicating the same way in which information is reproduced and how quickly and easily it becomes entangled. What results are meticulously layered paintings that form new relationships and meanings while questioning how chaos manifests itself within these worlds.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Let it Snow; Why the recent snow, before the record cold set in, was to our benefit.
January 18, 2009, 7:22 pm
Snow provides insulation to the ground by protecting it from the fluctuating air temperatures above; this insulation minimizes the freezing-and-thawing cycle that occurs when the air temperature changes (such as the near-zero temperatures Cape Cod experienced…>


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- You can easily share your screen on Google Hangouts to more effectively communicate information and, in some cases, even shorten the length of meetings.
- Sharing your screen on Google Hangouts can also make giving presentations easier, even if everyone isn't in the same room.
- In Google Hangouts, you can choose to either show your entire screen or only show individual windows that you have open on your computer.
- Here's what you need to do to share your screen within Google Hangouts.
- Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
When you're hosting a video chat, sometimes it's useful or easier to simply let the other person see your screen, or a specific window you're viewing, like a presentation.
Rather than having to explain something, which may be difficult to put into words, you can provide a visual that makes it easier to understand.
If you're using Google Hangouts, there's an easy fix that is built into the program itself.
Here's how to use it:
How to share your screen on Google Hangouts
Once you're in a Hangout, it's relatively easy to share your screen, and the process should only take you a few seconds to complete:
1. Click the three dots in the top-right corner of the screen.
2. Select "Share Screen."
3. Click on how you want to share your screen — you can either share the entire screen, which is the default option, or you can toggle over to the application window section of the pop-up to select individual windows to share with video participants.
4. Click "Share."


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Testifying at a US congressional hearing, Antonio Busalacchi (above), president of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), has stressed that the future success of US weather forecasting efforts relies on increasingly productive collaborations between the triad of academic and research communities, the public sector and the private sector.
Busalacchi said, "It is important to the future success of the weather enterprise that each leg of the triad continues to grow, and that any reduction in size of any leg will negatively impact its diverse beneficiaries."
The Environment Subcommittee hearing focused on data and innovation for predictions as the United States Congress considers reauthorization of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (The Weather Act), which aims to advance weather research, improve forecasting and expand commercial opportunities for the provision of weather data.
Busalacchi noted that he had personally witnessed the importance of the triad. During his time at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, for example, he was the source selection official for the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor satellite (SeaWiFS). This satellite mission, launched by Orbital Sciences Corporation in 1997 to provide data on the oceans to the university research community, was one of Washington's very first data buys and an important collaboration involving the government, private sector and academic community.
More recently, the government, private sector and academic community again came together on an innovative satellite mission, the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC). The first set of six COSMIC microsatellites, launched in 2006, led to improved prediction of tropical cyclones, global weather and space weather forecasting by using GPS radio occultation techniques that UCAR had helped to develop. A second set of six microsatellites, launched in 2019 and known as COSMIC-2, is providing even more data. COSMIC has enabled private weather data companies like Spire Global to develop its own observational systems for radio occultation, Busalacchi told the subcommittee.
"This commercialization of radio occultation observational systems should be celebrated and is another fine example of how the research community, the government and the private sector can work together to drive innovation and create value together as technology development moves forward," Busalacchi said.
The UCAR president focused much of his remarks on the importance of data assimilation — a field of data science that combines observations and computer models in ways that are vital for prediction. He noted that US weather forecasting capabilities continue to lag behind those of Europe because European forecast models are better able to utilize the data that are already available.
"Therefore, it is critical that policymakers make significant investments in data assimilation and the operational modeling and forecasting workforce to create more accurate predictive forecasts in service to society with the existing observation systems we already have," he said.
Busalacchi also asked the subcommittee to consider the initiation of a decadal survey for the entire weather enterprise that would include a strong emphasis on data innovation for prediction. Amid the growing costs of weather disasters across the USA, a decadal process by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine would enable policymakers to set priorities to improve forecasts while recognizing current fiscal realities.
"If we do it right, we can leverage every leg of the triad to spur successful growth of the entire weather enterprise," Buslacchi said. "If we get it wrong, we risk falling further behind with our prediction capabilities at a time when the extreme weather impacts to our nation continue to grow."

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: ||Like many other herbivores, in a natural environment equids feed on rather evenly distributed resources. However, the vegetation in their vast habitats constantly changes. If food is plentiful only little competition occurs over food, and in non-competitive situations domestic horses tend to return to the same feeding site until it is overgrazed. In contrast, they compete over limited food for which the social status of the individuals appears to be important. Especially in ruminants several studies have proved an influence of social organisations, rank, sex and the depletion of feeding sites on the feeding behaviour of individuals. However, it is not yet understood whether and how social aspects affect horses" feeding decisions. Curiosity about the influence of social rank on the horses" feeding decisions between two, equally with high-quality surplus food-filled buckets placed in different social feeding conditions, led us to create the test below. The observer horses were alternately tested with a dominant and a subordinate demonstrator placed in one of the three different positions. We conclude that domestic horses use social cognition and strategic decision making in order to decide where to feed in a social feeding situation. When possible they tend to return to the same, continuously supplied feeding site and switch to an "avoidance tendency" in the presence of dominant horses or when another horse is already feeding there. Thus, the social rank and the position of conspecifics affect the feeding strategy of horses.


Significance marker difference analysis（Multiple g
choosefile example
Function introduction
1）T test was used to analyze the difference between the two groups of samples.The t-test is to use the t-distribution theory to infer the probability of differences，and to compare whether the difference between the two averages is significant.
2）Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze the difference between the two groups of samples.The Wilcoxon rank sum test, also known as the Mann-Whitney U test, is a nonparametric test.Whether there is a significant difference in the distribution between test samples without the assumption that both sample spaces are normally distributed.
3）Add error bar to the column chart and a significantly different line between two samples
Input files
(1) Difference test form file: Enter the form file, the first column is the name of the different comparison group, each subsequent line is the data for each iteration of the comparison group.
(2) Repeat at least three times.
(3) Enter multiple sets of data for one sample at a time.
Parameter
(1) X-axis title: Enter the abscissa name.(The name can only be in English)
(2) Y-axis title: Enter the ordinate name.(The name can only be in English)
(3) Chart title: Enter the entire chart name.(The name can only be in English)
(4) Statistical test method selection: T test or rank sum test.
Results
Default output excel result table, histogram
Ttest.Pvalue. xls：T test result (parameter selection T test, output is T test result table).
wilcox.Pvalue. xls：Wilcoxon rank sum test result (parameter selection ank sum test, output is Wilcoxon rank sum test result table).
_URL_：histogram.
1.Input file:
Input table file, must be TXT format.Optionally, open the data in excel and save it as "text file (TAB separated)(*.txt)".
Sample form:
A B C
288.93 924.31 321.4
276.81 746.8 351.64
527.85 651.47 388.41
...... ...... ......
Difference test form
2. Result output:
compare p.format p.signif method
A-vs-B 0.023 * T-test
A-vs-C 0.722 ns T-test
B-vs-C 0.025 * T-test
The table rom left to right shows comparison group, P value, significance and analysis method .* stands for significance, and ns stands for no difference between groups.
 output graphics
Note: The abscissa is the name of the two comparison groups, and the ordinate is the average of the comparison group data. * represents significance,* represents two groups difference less than 0.05 ，** represents two groups difference less than 0.01，*** represents two groups difference less than 0.001，and so on.


Piano solo
Eadem sed aliter
Eadem sed aliter
Program note
Première: 15 september 1995 - Muziekcentrum Vredenburg, Utrecht by Kees Wieringa
The Latin title of the work means: The same but different. It is a chain of sections (musical objects) that, because these are repeated, aim at a certain independence in relation to the whole. The complement of opposites is, also in this piece, the reflection of the contrast that is anchored in the structure of the tonality. This contrast is about cause and result, tension and relaxation, pairs of functions that in their turn are anchored in the basic layers of the human psyche. This is a perspective that has consequences for the understanding of time and duration and takes away the limits of the concepts of 'beginning' and 'ending', 'before' and 'after'.


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SUPPORT ARCHIVES is the mission name used to indicate data collected
in broad support of mission/observation planning and data analysis.
It includes catalogs of properties (magnitudes, lightcurves, etc.),
shape models, ground-based surveys, special compilations of Earth-
orbiting observatory data, laboratory spectra, and any other data
set that was not generated by or for a specific mission, or which is
broadly applicable to present and future researchers and proposers.
As of this writing, the objects observed under this MISSION_NAME
include meteorites, comets, asteroids, natural satellites, and


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blend intophrasal verb
Definition of blend into
1 : to gradually become the same as or part of (something) One color blends into another. where the city blends into the suburbs
2 : to look like (one's surroundings) The animal's dark fur enables it to blend into the forest.
3 : to look like one belongs in (something) He tried to blend into the crowd. A good journalist can easily blend into a community.
What did you just call me?! A Quiz


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A summary of themes in olive anne burns's cold sassy tree learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of cold sassy tree and what it means perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. Cold sassy tree is a 1984 historical novel by olive ann burns set in the us state of georgia in the fictional town of cold sassy in 1906, it follows the life of a 14-year-old boy named will tweedy, and explores themes such as religion, death, and social taboos an incomplete sequel to the novel, leaving cold sassy, was.
Personal experiences in olive ann burn's cold sassy tree - it is not difficult to find a connection between olive ann burns' life and the characters of her novel both the us and the ussr were neocolonialist powers, and a prime example of their desires to mold other states was the congo crisis, which acted to make.
A short summary of olive anne burns's cold sassy tree this free synopsis covers all the crucial plot points of cold sassy tree.
Buy the print cold sassy tree sparknote on bncom buy the ebook of this sparknote on bncom order cold sassy tree at bncom previous next take a study break the 17 worst texts to send to your crush if harry potter had google 7 things writers always get wrong about being in high school quiz: do you hate.


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The development and emergence of buds in Phragmites communis Trin.. 1969. Annals of Botany. 33, 289301.
Phragmites communis rhizomes grow during the autumn, but buds develop nearly all the year round. For much of the year the buds remain dormant near the soil surface, and then in spring there is a period of rapid emergence which lasts from between a few weeks to nearly 4 months. Apart from replacements of frost-killed shoots, few buds emerge during the rest of the year. Emergence starts at the end of the period of internal dormancy if the weather is warm enough. In Britain it is not, and there is about a month of temperature-controlled dormancy. Emergence can be delayed further by unusually unfavourable conditions of temperature or water-supply.
Exposure to frost kills some shoots, but stimulates bud development and lengthens the emergence period. Burning and severance of rhizomes break internal dormancy. Cutting does not, and so is very damaging if carried out directly after the emergence period, since no replacement crop is then produced, and so that plant is unable to photosynthesize during half of the growing season.


Tag Archives: wage labor
Slavery and modern management
The following article in the New York Times, American Capitalism Is Brutal, You Can Trace That To The Plantation, describes in an excellent manner how modern management systems have their roots in slavery and plantation economy. A short summary: an efficient plantation required an elaborate bookkeeping to keep track of each slave's productivity. Hence a multilayered system of supervision of labor was necessitated. Continue reading Slavery and modern management


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Can I still get pregnant if my cervix is closed?
Quick Answer
Yes, it is possible to get pregnant even if your cervix is closed. The cervix can sometimes close temporarily during certain parts of the menstrual cycle, but sperm may still be able to get through and fertilize an egg. Getting pregnant with a completely closed or damaged cervix is less likely, but can still occur in some cases.
What is the Cervix?
The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. It is a cylinder-shaped structure that is normally firm, closed, and positioned over the vaginal canal.
The cervix has a small opening called the external os, which allows menstrual blood to flow out of the uterus. Around ovulation, the cervix becomes softer and the os opens to allow sperm to enter into the uterus and fertilize an egg.
Cervix Positions Throughout The Menstrual Cycle
The position and firmness of the cervix changes at different stages of the menstrual cycle:
During Menstruation: The cervix is normally low, firm, and closed.
After Menstruation, During the Proliferative Phase: Under the influence of estrogen, the cervix gradually pulls upwards and becomes softer and more open.
Around Ovulation: The cervix is high, soft, open and may feel wetter due to cervical mucus production. This allows sperm to enter through the os.
During the Luteal Phase: After ovulation, the cervix lowers and becomes firmer and closed again.
During Early Pregnancy: The cervix remains closed and low while the uterus expands.
Can I Get Pregnant If My Cervix Is Closed?
Yes, it is possible to get pregnant if your cervix is closed. Here's why:
 - The cervix can temporarily close at different times during your cycle, even when you are fertile and ovulation is approaching.
 - Sperm can survive inside the female reproductive tract for up to 5 days. So if you have sex while your cervix is open and then it closes, the sperm may still be viable when you eventually ovulate.
 - Some sperm may be able to squeeze through the narrow opening of a cervix that is partially closed.
 - For conception to occur, only a few sperm need to make it through the cervix in order to fertilize the egg.
However, the chances of getting pregnant decrease if the cervix remains tightly closed during your fertile window.
When is the Cervix Completely Closed?
In some cases, the cervix may be completely closed or blocked:
 - During pregnancy – the mucus plug seals the cervix closed.
 - After menopause – decreased estrogen causes the cervix to tighten.
 - In cervical stenosis – when a severe infection, surgery or other damage causes scarring and tightening of the cervical opening.
 - Congenital cervical atresia – a birth defect where the cervix didn't fully develop.
With complete cervical blockage, it is very difficult for sperm to penetrate and fertilize an egg. However, pregnancies can still occur in rare cases.
Getting Pregnant When The Cervix is Closed
Here are some ways pregnancy can still happen when the cervix is fully or partially closed:
During Times of Temporary Closure
The cervix may appear tightly shut during certain phases of the menstrual cycle, even when you are fertile:
 - Right after your period – estrogen levels are low and the cervix is tightly closed. However, it starts to open as you approach ovulation.
 - Right before your period – progesterone causes the cervix to close and harden after ovulation occurs.
Since the cervix changes through the cycle, temporary tightness doesn't necessarily prevent pregnancy if you had sex on fertile days.
When the Cervix Spasms Open
In some women, the apparently closed cervix may briefly relax and dilate open for short periods of time, allowing sperm to get through.
This temporary partial dilation of the cervix is known as cervical spasms. It can unpredictably create brief opportunities for sperm to reach the uterus.
With Cervical Crypts
The inside lining of the cervix contains many crypts or pockets. Sperm may hide and survive in these crypts even when the external os is closed.
When the Semen is Pushed Through
The force of ejaculation during sex can sometimes push semen through a partially open or closed cervix. This may allow sperm to reach the uterus.
With Cervical Ectopy
Cervical ectopy is a condition where the glandular cells from inside the cervical canal protrude outside through the os.
Sperm may be able to penetrate these cervical glandular cells even when the external os is closed. Having cervical ectopy can increase the chances of conceiving with a closed cervix.
Can a Closed or Damaged Cervix Be Fixed?
There are some options to help open a closed or damaged cervix, which may increase your chances of getting pregnant.
Surgery
Surgical procedures can be done to correct cervical damage or openings that are too narrow:
 - Cervical Dilation: Using tools to gradually stretch and open a stenotic cervix.
 - LLETZ: Removing abnormal cervical tissue that is preventing sperm from passing through.
 - Cervical Conization: Removing a cone-shaped portion of the cervix to allow the cervical canal to open.
These procedures potentially make the cervical canal more accessible to sperm. However, they can also cause scarring, so the benefits and risks should be discussed with your doctor.
Hormonal Treatment
For women with cervical stenosis, hormonal medications may help soften and dilate the cervix:
 - Estrogen supplements can relax the cervix and stimulate cervical mucus production.
 - Misoprostol pills help ripen and open the cervix before intrauterine insemination (IUI).
This hormonal treatment needs to be discussed with and monitored by your doctor.
Artificial Insemination
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures may enable sperm to bypass a closed cervix altogether through the direct placement of sperm.
However, the cervix may need to be opened using drugs or tools to allow insertion of insemination or embryo transfer catheters. Discuss with your fertility specialist.
When to See a Doctor
See your doctor if you notice the following signs that may indicate cervical blockage:
 - No menstrual blood can pass through the cervix
 - Significant pain during sex
 - Recurring infections – a blocked cervix can lead to hematometra or pyometra (collection of blood or pus in the uterus)
 - Inability to conceive despite regular unprotected sex for 6 months to 1 year.
A pelvic exam can determine if the cervix is closed or stiff and difficult to open. Your doctor may recommend imaging tests and surgical procedures to fix the issue.
Conclusion
Getting pregnant with a closed or damaged cervix is challenging but not impossible in some situations. The cervix can temporarily close at various points in the menstrual cycle, but open up again at the time of ovulation.
In other cases like cervical stenosis, trauma or congenital blockage, it is harder for sperm to pass through, but pregnancy can still sometimes occur. Certain interventions like surgery, hormones or IVF may improve the chances of conception.
Seeing your doctor promptly if you suspect cervical blockage is important, since it can impact your fertility and cause other gynecological problems. With evaluation and proper treatment, many women are able to conceive successfully even with cervical challenges.


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Molecular Scaffolding Could Recover Sight Loss Caused by Glaucoma
Fight for Sight is funding new research on molecular scaffolding, which could restore nerve connections between the eye and brain and repair glaucoma damage. Professors Keith Martin and James Fawcett and team, from the University of Cambridge, will be working with colleagues at the Centre for Eye Research Australia and University of Melbourne.
Specifically, the team will investigate a scaffolding molecule called protrudin, which they believe may help result in successful eye transplants through understanding its connection to the eye and brain. Professor Martin explained, "Despite all currently available treatments, around 10-15% of patients with glaucoma go blind in at least one eye during their lifetime. Our work aims to develop new strategies to repair the optic nerve."
Glaucoma causes harm to retinal ganglion cells. These cells have long axons that pass along the optic nerve. The team has identified protrudin as the strongest promoter of optic nerve regeneration. The hope is that better understanding of this scaffolding will result in connection of eye transplants to the brain via axon growth through the optic nerve.
You can read more here.


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Course Offerings
Course Evaluation Results
Course Details
Fall 2013-2014
* EEB 327 / MOL 327 (STN) na, npdf
Immune Systems: From Molecules to Populations
Andrea L. Graham
How do immune systems work, and why do they work as they do? Why is there so much immunological polymorphism in animal populations? To address these questions, students will examine immunology across multiple biological scales. At the molecular and cellular scales, students will learn mechanisms by which animals recognize and kill parasites. At the population scale, students will investigate causes of the tremendous immunological heterogeneity exhibited by animals. Both the clinical relevance and the evolutionary basis of polymorphisms will be emphasized.
Sample reading list:
Frank, S.A., Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease
Sompayrac, L., How the Immune System Works
Readings from primary literature,
See instructor for complete list
Reading/Writing assignments:
Approximately 50 pages of reading per week. Two short "thinking outside the box" assignments. One term paper.
Take Home Mid term Exam - 20%
Take Home Final Exam - 20%
Papers - 20%
Oral Presentation(s) - 5%
Term Paper(s) - 25%
Class/Precept Participation - 10%
Prerequisites and Restrictions:
EEB 211 and MOL 214..
Schedule/Classroom assignment:
Class numberSectionTimeDaysRoomEnrollmentStatus
20503 L01 8:30 am - 9:50 am T Th Carl C. Icahn Laboratory 101 Enrolled:58 Limit:45 Closed
P01 3:30 pm - 4:20 pm W Lewis Library 122 Enrolled:14 Limit:15
P02 11:00 am - 11:50 am Th Lewis Library 306 Enrolled:0 Limit:15
P03 2:30 pm - 3:20 pm W Lewis Library 122 Enrolled:16 Limit:16
P04 1:30 pm - 2:20 pm T Frist Campus Center 207 Enrolled:0 Limit:16


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Annual Report 2013
The state of the world's human rights
16 June 2010
Amnesty International has urged other countries to follow Ecuador's example and ratify a new UN mechanism that will provide access to justice for everyone whose economic, social and cultural rights are violated and who is denied an effective remedy in their own countries.
Ecuador is the first country in the world to ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural rights which allows individuals and groups within the country to seek justice from the United Nations should these rights – which include the rights to adequate housing, food, water, health, work, social security and education - be violated by their government.
"Access to justice is an essential right for victims of all human rights violations," said Widney Brown, Amnesty International's Senior Director of International Law and Policy. "We encourage all countries to follow Ecuador's positive example and ratify within the shortest possible time."
The Optional Protocol will enable people denied their human rights to have their complaints heard in front of an independent, international panel of experts. The decisions made by this new mechanism are likely to influence decisions of national and regional courts around the world.
"States that ratify the Optional Protocol will establish a vital tool for people, in particular for those living in poverty, to hold their governments accountable," said Widney Brown. "They should also follow through on this commitment by strengthening national mechanisms for the enforcement of economic, social and cultural rights."
The Optional Protocol was adopted by the UN General Assembly by consensus on December 10 2008 and was opened for ratification in September 2009. The complaint mechanism will become operational after 10 countries ratify the Optional Protocol.
In addition to Ecuador, 31 countries have signed the Optional Protocol, indicating their intention to ratify but ratification is necessary to make the Optional Protocol legally binding. To-date Ecuador is the only country to have ratified the protocol.
Amnesty International is a member of the NGO Coalition for an Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and has been campaigning for the last six years for an Optional Protocol.
The 32 States that have signed the Optional Protocol include: Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bolivia, Chile, Congo, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Italy, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Paraguay, Portugal, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Timor-Leste, Togo, Ukraine and Uruguay.
Economic, social and cultural rights have historically been neglected and given less emphasis than civil and political rights. States agreed at the Vienna World Conference on Human Rights that 'The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis'. The Optional Protocol is a tangible development towards this end.
Support for the Optional Protocol is part of Amnesty International's Demand Dignity campaign which aims to end the human rights violations that drive and deepen global poverty. The campaign will mobilise people all over the world to demand that governments, corporations and others who have power listen to the voices of those living in poverty and recognise and protect their rights. For more information vist the Demand Dignity website

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Mission of St. Alegis
The Mission of St. Alegis is to work with nation and local officials, New Testament 'Thought Leaders' and any and all humanitarian groups to build sustainable living cycles for the people that live in and reside within: The Bahamas, The Caribbean Region and the Eastern African Nations.
St. Alegis presses into its efforts via the following Work Flow Diagraph:
- Works with Thought and Community and Church Leaders
- Develops Relationship with Local Pastors in Each Setting
- Emphasis is for the Local Pastor to Become the Local and Regional "Hero"
- Develop Teaching and Instructional Curricula
- Purchase Products and Goods and Send to Local Pastors
- Local Pastors Distribute these Products and Goods as "Seed" Entrepreneurial Projects
- Locals 'sell' the Products and Goods and Build Sustainable Income Sources
- Key Initial Product: Water Filtration and Water Purification Containers and Systems
Hand-in-Hand and Eco-System of Sustainable Compassion and Strength:
St. Alegis is a connector of caring individuals, organizations and congregations from the 'First World' Nations linked directly and inseparably to The 'Poorest of The Poor'. The stated intention of St. Alegis is to eliminate poverty and the plight of unsafe drinking water through empowering local pastors and their existing congregations.


text: © 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Introduction Few studies have examined the longitudinal associations of fitness or changes in fitness on the risk of developing dyslipidemias. This study examined the associations of (1) baseline fitness with 25-year dyslipidemia incidence and (2) 20-year fitness change on dyslipidemia development in middle age in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA). Methods Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test the association of baseline fitness (_PHONE_) with dyslipidemia incidence over 25 years (2010-2011) in CARDIA (N=4,898). Modified Poisson regression models were used to examine the association of 20-year change in fitness with dyslipidemia incidence between Years 20 and 25 (n=2,487). Data were analyzed in June 2014 and February 2015. Results In adjusted models, the risk of incident low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); high triglycerides; and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly lower, by 9%, 16%, and 14%, respectively, for each 2.0-minute increase in baseline treadmill endurance. After additional adjustment for baseline trait level, the associations remained significant for incident high triglycerides and high LDL-C in the total population and for incident high triglycerides in both men and women. In race-stratified models, these associations appeared to be limited to whites. In adjusted models, change in fitness did not predict 5-year incidence of dyslipidemias, whereas baseline fitness significantly predicted 5-year incidence of high triglycerides. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in young adulthood as a risk factor for developing dyslipidemias, particularly high triglycerides, during the transition to middle age.


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Mount Tabor Seismic Stability Analysis
The Mount Tabor reservoir complex was built between 1894 and 1911 and was an integral part of the City of Portland's water supply system. The Mount Tabor complex includes dam No.'s 1, 5, and 6. The dam at Reservoir No. 1 is a 30-foot high concrete structure with a downstream earthfill buttress. The dam at Reservoir No.5 is similar but 55 feet high. Both are built on the upper slopes of Mount Tabor, a dormant volcanic vent. The dam enclosing Reservoir No. 6 is an earth embankment 2,100 feet long and up to 28 feet high. The complex includes the ability to generate power from the 110 feet of head between Reservoirs No. 5 and No. 6.
The foundation below the embankment dam at Reservoir No. 6 contains clean, alluvial sand deposits, 14 to 47 feet thick. A FERC dam safety study raised concern about potential liquefaction of the foundation sands. Cornforth Consultants was retained by the Portland Water Bureau to assess the liquefaction hazard and risk posed to the reservoirs. The study included 19 exploratory borings to evaluate soil type and density; gradation testing to determine silt content; a probabilistic seismic hazard evaluation to develop the design earthquake; a finite element analysis to determine in-situ stresses below the embankment; and an assessment of cyclic stresses within the foundation.
The results of the analyses determined that localized pockets of foundation sand could liquefy; however, the vulnerable pockets were isolated and not laterally continuous. Therefore; excess pore-water pressures generated in the localized pockets would dissipate into denser soil without threatening the stability of the embankment.


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Free diagram with 4 stairs and steps for PowerPoint and Google Slides. Infographic illustration of 4 cylinders and 2 businessman silhouettes. Editable graphics with numbers, icons, and text placeholders.
Four Stairs and Steps Diagram
Arrows with numbers on the stairs to illustrate the evolution.
Use this template slide to show 4 sequential or incremental steps in a task, process, or workflow. Also great for presentation concepts about human resources, career steps, career development, business growth, teamwork, management structure, staff positions, success, progress, etc.
Shapes are 100% editable: colors and sizes can be easily changed.
Includes 2 slide option designs: Standard (4:3) and Widescreen (16:9).
Widescreen (16:9) size preview:
This '4 Stairs and Steps Diagram for PowerPoint and Google Slides' features:
- 2 unique slides
- Light and Dark layout
- Ready to use template with numbers, icons, and text placeholders
- Completely editable shapes
- Uses a selection of editable PowerPoint icons
- Standard (4:3) and Widescreen (16:9) aspect ratios
- PPTX file and for Google Slides
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text:
- Wednesday, 22 June 2011
Construction at St Columb's College...
BTEC Diploma in Construction and the Built Environment
.BTEC National qualifications are undertaken in further education and sixth-form colleges, schools and other training providers, and have been since they were introduced in 1984. Their purpose, approaches to teaching, learning and assessment are established and understood by teaching professionals, employers and learners alike. They provide students with the knowledge, understanding and skills that they need to gain entry into 3rd level education or prepare for skilled employment.
The BTEC Diploma in Construction is 100% coursework and over the 2 years, students will undertake 12 units of work covering a wide range of related topics. Each unit will require students to complete a variety of tasks varying in complexity from pass level to distinction level. You will be awarded a grade in each unit and the grades achieved in the 12 units over the duration of the course will be used to determine your final award..
6 units are taught in St Columb's by Mr R Hyndman and Mr V Doherty and 6 units are taught at the NWRC.
Examples of units that will have to be studied
1 Health, Safety and Welfare in Construction and the Built Environment
3 Mathematics in Construction and the Built Environment
4 Science and Materials in Construction and the Build Environment
5 Construction Technology and Design in Construction and Civil Engineering
6 Building Technology in Construction
Final grades awarded | (Equivalent A level grade)
Pass / Pass | (EE)
Merit / Mass | (DD)
Merit / Merit | (CC)
Distinction / Merit | (BB)
Distinction / Distinction | (AA)
Distinction* / Distinction | (A*A)
Distinction* / Distinction* | (A*A*)
Quantity Surveying, Civil Engineering, Building Surveying, Construction Engineering, Urban Planning and Property Development
BTEC Students undertaking a site visit


text:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Western Wells?
Funds are derived from a network of people from a varied cross section of society with a base in, but not isolated to, the Old Camberwell Grammarians Amateur Football Club and past students of Camberwell Grammar. All donations are tax deductable and the Western Wells aims to convert the highest possible percentage of donations to the support of young people with an absolute minimum used for administration.
Wherever possible functionality of the fund is supported by like-minded associates of Western Wells who donate their energies free of charge ensuring that the majority of resources raised are used directly to support the education and development of candidates.
Where Does My Money Go?
Finances educational and extracurricular activities that would otherwise be unavailable to students from the targeted population. Funds are only used when no other funds are available and supports students to take part in activities that they would otherwise be excluded from.
Funds may also be used to enhance or further develop current educational activities that would benefit from financial and or mentoring support funded by the Western Wells.


Few People, Lots of Voices
Today's assignment will be done with a partner, so in groups of two. Pick a partner other than the person you worked with for your previous assignment.
You are going to record a simple fairy tale that involves more voices than you have people in your group. There should at least two characters per group member. A number of scripts you may pick from are linked to below.
You don't have to record the whole play, but you should have at least three minutes worth.
What to do
 1. To get different voices for all the characters, you will need to modify the speech of a few of them.
 2. Using Audacity, highlight the first section you want modified.
 1. Under the Effect menu, try making slight alterations to the Pitch, the Tempo, and the Speed of the selection.
 1. Carefully note what changes you are making because you have to replicate these changes every time this character speaks.
 2. Your alterations should be subtle because you don't want your characters sounding like the Chipmunks.
 3. You may need to alter pitch or speed as little as 5%.
 2. Try to give each character a slightly different sound.
 1. It only takes minimal changes in pitch to make a girl sound like a boy or a boy like a girl.
 3. Each individual tends to talk at a certain speed, some faster, some slower. Try altering this consistently for each character.
 4. Typically, slowing a voice down gives it a deeper pitch while speeding it up makes it sound higher pitched.
3 Minutes (3)
At least 4 identifiably different characters (4)
People sound "normal." Like real people, not chimpmunks. (3)


text:
The Abacus and the Numeral Frame - The Japanese Abacus
Most recent Japanese abaci (soroban) have one counter above and four below. Some older Japanese instruments have five counters in the lower section. The right-most column represents units, the next tens, the next hundreds, etc. For numbers with digits to the right of the decimal point, the first column is for the smallest decimal term. In multiplication, some columns are used for the number being multiplied and some for the product. In part for this reason, there are more columns on most abaci than are usually used in addition. In any calculation, the counters that represent numbers are those moved against the crossbar.
"The Abacus and the Numeral Frame - The Japanese Abacus" showing 1 items.
- This wooden instrument has an open frame and is stored in an open wooden box. The frame (which lifts out of the box) has a cross bar and holds 21 parallel bamboo rods. Each rod holds one bead above the cross bar and five below. The beads have a similar shape to those of other Japanese abaci. All the columns of the abacus except the center one are labeled with Japanese characters on the cross bar.
- According to the donor,writing found on the back of the cross bar indicates that the abacus was made by Oh Tani (or Oh Ya) in Hiroshima and owned by Yoshizaemon Muraoka of Sakata-ken (a city in northern Japan, which was known by that name from 1871 until 1933, when it became Sakata-shi).
- Currently not on view
- Date made
- ca 1900
- Oh Tani or Oh Ya
- ID Number
- catalog number
- accession number
- Data Source
- National Museum of American History, Kenneth E. Behring Center


text:
Abstract. Knowledge bases have become ubiquitous assets in today's Web. They provide access to billions of statements about real-world entities derived from governmental, institutional, product-oriented, bibliographic, bio-chemical, and many other domain-oriented and general-purpose datasets. The sheer amount of statements that can be retrieved for a given entity calls for ranking techniques that return the most salient, i.e., globally relevant, statements as top results.
In this paper we analyze and compare various strategies for assigning global relevance scores to DBpedia facts with the goal to derive the best one among these strategies. Some of these strategies build on complementary aspects such as frequency and inverse document frequency, yet others combine structural information about the underlying knowledge graph with Webbased co-occurrence statistics for entity pairs. A user evaluation of the discussed approaches has been conducted on the popular DBpedia knowledge base with statistics derived from an indexed version of the ClueWeb09 corpus.
The created dataset can be seen as a strong baseline for comparing entity ranking strategies (especially, in terms of global relevance) and can be used as a building block for developing new ranking and mining techniques on linked data.


text: Department of Water Resources' San Luis Field Division will inspect the existing septic tank and underground sewer line for the State Water Project's Romero Visitor Center. Waste from the septic tank will be pumped and taken offsite. A sewer pipe inspection robot with a camera will be inserted into the sewer line to trace its alignment. This will be done to determine if the sewer line location matches the original blueprint of the sewer line. While the alignment of the sewer line is being traced, the line will also be inspected for any potential breaks or leaks. If any breaks in the sewer line are detected, soil sampling will be conducted within an approximately 131,966-square foot work area. Soil samples will be collected using a protocol developed by the San Luis Field Division. A hand auger will be used to drill test holes along the sewer line. The test holes will range between 6 to 10 inches in diameter and will be up to 7 feet below ground. If the soil is too hard to use a hand auger, a backhoe will be used to dig test holes up to 30 inches long by 30 inches wide and 7 feet deep. Soil samples will be collected from all test holes. Once soil sampling is completed, all test holes will be backfilled and compacted to the original grade. The soil samples will be analyzed offsite. The State Water Project will benefit.


iado, voc deve realizar um VACUUM ANALYZE. Consulte a documentao do PostGIS (PostGIS-PROJECT
Referncias Bibliogrficas e Web) para mais informaes.
A seguir um exemplo de criao de um ndice GiST:
gsherman@madison:~/current$ psql gis_data
Welcome to psql 8.3.0, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help with psql commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit
gis_data=# CREATE INDEX sidx_alaska_lakes ON alaska_lakes
gis_data-# USING GIST (the_geom GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS);
CREATE INDEX
gis_data=# VACUUM ANALYZE alaska_lakes;
VACUUM
gis_data=# \q
gsherman@madison:~/current$
12.1.8 Camadas vetoriais que ultrapassam 180 de longitude
Many GIS packages dont wrap vector maps with a geographic reference system (lat/lon) crossing the 180 degrees
longitude line (_URL_ As result, if
we open such a map in QGIS, we will see two far, distinct locations, that should appear near each other. In
Figure_vector_4, the tiny point on the far left of the map canvas (Chatham Islands) should be within the grid, to
the right of the New Zealand main islands.
A work-around is to transform the longitude values using PostGIS and the ST_Shift_Longitude function. This
function reads every point/vertex in every component of every feature in a geometry, and if the longitude coordi-
nate is < 0, it adds 360 to it. The result is a 0 - 360 version of the data to be plotted in a 180-centric map.
76 Captulo 12. Trabalhando com Dados Vetoriais
QGIS User Guide, Verso 2.2
Figura 12.5: Map in lat/lon crossing the 180 longitude line
Figura 12.6: Crossing 180 longitude applying the ST_Shift_Longitude function
Uso
Import data into PostGIS (Importao de dados no PostgreSQL) using, for example, the DB Manager plugin.
Use the PostGIS command line interface to issue the following command (in this example,
TABLE is the actual name of your PostGIS table): gis_data=# update TABLE set
the_geom=ST_Shift_Longitude(the_geom);
If everything went well, you should receive a confirmation about the number of features that were updated.
Then youll be able to load the map and see the difference (Figure_vector_5).
12.1.9 Camadas SpatiaLite
Add SpatiaLite Layer
The first time you load data from a SpatiaLite database, begin by clicking on the
toolbar button, or by selecting the Add SpatiaLite Layer... option from the Layer menu, or by typing
Ctrl+Shift+L. This will bring up a window that will allow you either to connect to a SpatiaLite database
already known to QGIS, which you can choose from the drop-down menu, or to define a new connection to a new
database. To define a new connection, click on [New] and use the file browser to point to your SpatiaLite database,
which is a file with a .sqlite extension.
If you want to save a vector layer to SpatiaLite format, you can do this by right clicking the layer in the legend.
Then, click on Save as.., define the name of the output file, and select SpatiaLite as format and the CRS. Also,
you can select SQLite as format and then add SPATIALITE=YES in the OGR data source creation option field.
This tells OGR to create a SpatiaLite database. See also _URL_
QGIS also supports editable views in SpatiaLite.
Criando uma nova camada SpatiaLite
Se voc quiser criar uma nova camada SpatiaLite, consulte a seo Criando uma nova camada SpatialLite.
12.1. Formatos de dados suportados 77
QGIS User Guide, Verso 2.2
Dica: Gesto complementos de dados SpatiaLite
For SpatiaLite data management, you can also use several Python plugins: QSpatiaLite, SpatiaLite Manager or
DB Manager (core plugin, recommended). If necessary, they can be downloaded and installed with the Plugin
Installer.
12.1.10 MSSQL Spatial Layers
QGIS also provides native MS SQL 2008 support. The first time you load MSSQL Spatial data, begin by
Add MSSQL Spatial Layer
clicking on the toolbar button or by selecting the Add MSSQL Spatial Layer... option
from the Layer menu, or by typing Ctrl+Shift+M.
12.1.11 Oracle Spatial Layers
The spatial features in Oracle Spatial aid users in managing geographic and location data in a native type within
an Oracle database. QGIS now has support for such layers.
Criando uma conexo armazenada
The first time you use an Oracle Spatial data source, you must create a connection to the database that
Add Orcale Spatial Layer
contains the data. Begin by clicking on the toolbar button, selecting the Add Orcale
Spatial Layer... option from the Layer menu, or typing Ctrl+Shift+O. To access the connection manager, click
on the [New] button to display the Create a New Oracle Spatial Connection dialog. The parameters required for
a connection are:
Name: A name for this connection. It can be the same as Database
Database: SID or SERVICE_NAME of the Oracle instance.
Host: Name of the database host. This must be a resolvable host name such as would be used to open a
telnet connection or ping the host. If the database is on the same computer as QGIS, simply enter localhost
here.
Port: Port number the PostgreSQL database server listens on. The default port is 1521.
Username: Username used to login to the database.
Password: Password used with Username to connect to the database.
Optionally, you can activate following checkboxes:
Save Username Indicates whether to save the database username in the connection configuration.
Save Password Indicates whether to save the database password in the connection settings.
Only look in meta data table Restricts the displayed tables to those that are in the
all_sdo_geom_metadata view. This can speed up the initial display of spatial tables.
Only look for users tables When searching for spatial tables, restrict the search to tables that are owned
by the user.
Also list tables with no geometry Indicates that tables without geometry should also be listed by default.
Use estimated table statistics for the layer metadata When the layer is set up, various metadata are
required for the Oracle table. This includes information such as the table row count, geometry type and
spatial extents of the data in the geometry column. If the table contains a large number of rows, determining
this metadata can be time-consuming. By activating this option, the following fast table metadata operations
78 Captulo 12. Trabalhando com Dados Vetoriais
QGIS User Guide, Verso 2.2
are done: Row count is determined from all_tables.num_rows. Table extents are always determined
with the SDO_TUNE.EXTENTS_OF function, even if a layer filter is applied. Table geometry is determined
from the first 100 non-null geometry rows in the table.
Only existing geometry types Only list the existing geometry types and dont offer to add others.
Uma vez que todos os parmetros e as opes esto configuradas, voc pode testar a conexo clicando no boto
[Testar Conexo].
Dica: QGIS Configuraes do Usurio e Segurana
Depending on your computing environment, storing passwords in your QGIS settings may be a security risk.
Passwords are saved in clear text in the system configuration and in the project files! Your customized settings for
QGIS are stored based on the operating system:
The settings are stored in your home directory in .config/QGIS/QGIS2.conf.
The settings are stored in the registry.
Loading an Oracle Spatial Layer
Once you have one or more connections defined, you can load layers from the Oracle database. Of course,
this requires having data in Oracle.
To load a layer from Oracle Spatial, perform the following steps:
Add Oracle Spatial Layer
If the Add Oracle Spatial layers dialog is not already open, click on the toolbar
button.
Escolha a conexo a partir da lista drop-down e clique em [Conectar].
Select or unselect Also list tables with no geometry.
Optionally, use some Search Options to define which features to load from the layer or use the [Build
query] button to start the Query builder dialog.
Encontre a camada(s) que deseja adicionar na lista de camadas disponveis.
Select it by clicking on it. You can select multiple layers by holding down the Shift key while clicking.
See section Ferramenta de Consulta for information on using the Oracle Query Builder to further define the
layer.
Clique


text:
Installation position and usage process of inverted wire drawing machine
Before installing the vertical wire drawing machine, it is necessary to select an appropriate position, and then select the equipment to place on a stable ground, and then install it effectively according to its instructions. First, according to the foundation holes of the machine base, use appropriate Wall plug to fix it on the pre laid cement foundation to fix it. Afterwards, check whether the equipment can maintain a stable state and whether all auxiliary equipment is complete.
When tightening the equipment of an inverted wire drawing machine, it is necessary to pay effective attention to adjusting the position of the main machine. During operation, ensure that the center of the drum and the rotation center of the trolley are in the same position. When using the machine, it is also important to note that when adjusting the main machine, it is important to ensure that the trolley can move smoothly in both forward and backward directions. In addition, it is also necessary to connect the electrical wiring of the equipment reasonably according to the requirements of electricity consumption, ensuring that there is no leakage or short circuit phenomenon.
Some precautions during the use of an inverted wire drawing machine
During the heating process of wire drawing, there is a problem that involves controlling the temperature of the drawing liquid within what range is reasonable. Normally, the temperature of the wire drawing solution is controlled within the range of 65-85 ° C. Of course, in actual work, adjustments need to be made based on the actual situation. As we all know, after heating, the wire drawing liquid usually emits hot air in the wire drawing box.
Under normal circumstances, users of an inverted wire drawing machine need to pay attention to the issue of controlling the height of the drawing liquid below the center of the tower wheel shaft during operation. In addition, the pH of the wire drawing oil used in the wire drawing machine should also be controlled within a reasonable range. Otherwise, if it is too high, it may cause the copper wire to turn red and also cause damage to the equipment, reducing its lifespan. Also, I would like to suggest to all users that if the job requires drawing some particularly fine metal wire, attention should be paid to the slow start of the wire drawing machine equipment, and then slowly accelerate to prevent the problem of wire breakage.


NASA Puts New World Cup Ball to the Test
Dr. Rabi Mehta uses smoke and lasers to inspect the flow pattern around an adidas Brazuca football.
NASA Ames Research Center
Knuckle is a word without many positive connotations. Thugs use brass knuckles; people knuckle under to pressure; knuckle-dragging has never been a cool-looking locomotion technique; knuckle balls drive baseball hitters crazy; and soccer balls can "knuckle," flying through the air with an unpredictability that can earn the enmity of players.
The 2010 World Cup ball, the Jabulani, had a knuckling problem. If it was kicked with none or very little spin it would fly unpredictably. Simply put, it took some pretty crazy flight paths through the air.
To address those concerns, adidas for the 2014 Cup created the Brazuca, which, the company hoped, would handle better, and provide a truer flight path, than the Jabulani.
PHOTOS: World Cup 2014: How the Soccer Ball Has Evolved
The Brazuca has only six panels, where the Jabulani had eight. But the seams are longer and deeper. The panels are also covered with small bumps. The overall result is a rougher ball, one built to decease the incidence of knuckling at regular kicking speeds.
Did adidas succeed? Is the Brazuca an improved soccer ball, truer in flight? The folks at NASA -- no slouches when it comes to testing objects in flight -- decided to find out.
Rabi Mehta, chief of the Experimental Aero-Physics Branch at NASA's Ames Research Center, set out to study the aerodynamics of the Brazuca. (Aerodynamics, in simple terms for we ordinary civilians, looks at how air and fluid flow around something. That something could be an airplane, a satellite or a soccer ball.)
Mehta put the Brazuca through its paces in a 2x2 wind tunnel, which blew air past the ball at varying speeds. To increase visibility of the air path around the ball, the team used a controlled flow of laser-lighted smoke over the ball's surface (see photo below).
A close up of the Brazuca ball in Ames' Fluid Mechanics Laboratory's two-foot by two-foot wind tunnel. Smoke highlighted by lasers visualizes air flow around the ball.
NASA Ames Research Center
What Mehta wanted to find was the speed at which the smoke pattern made an abrupt change, which would show the speed at which knuckling occurred.
The fanciful Jabulani, from 2010, knuckled at about 50 miles per hour, which is right in the typical kicking speed zone of a skilled World Cup striker. So the "ordinary" speed of play in 2010 saw some quite extraordinary ball behavior.
By contrast, Mehta found the new Brazuca to maximum-knuckle at a much slower speed of around 30 miles per hour, well below regular ball-striking speeds. (The traditional 32-panel soccer ball -- the kind we're all used to seeing -- also knuckles at around 30 miles per hour, Mehta observed.)
"The materials used, the ball's surface roughness and its distribution determines its aerodynamics," said Mehta. The rougher surface of the Brazuca had decreased the knuckling effect seen in the smoother Jabulani.
The net result? The Brazuca should offer a more predictable flight path. "The players should be happier with the new ball," said Mehta. "It is more stable in flight and will handle more like a traditional 32-panel ball."
Recommended for you


text:
War Bonds are issued by Reto-Moto as a way for fans and serious players to help finance the development of the game, and at the same time get something useful in return for their contribution. Within the game, War Bonds work in the same way as the historical war bonds issued by governments during times of conflict. When the great nations clashed they all needed the basic resource of war money.
The United States Government issued public bonds to raise enough money to finance the war machine. President Roosevelt bought the first bond of the new Series-E bonds (wikipedia:Series E bond).
Germany never issued any war bonds publically in World War 2. In 1914, at the start of WW1, Germany had tried to float a major loan on Wall Street and it failed miserably, resulting in the government issuing various bonds such as the public war bond (Kriegsanleihe) to finance the war effort. While this raised some 100 billion Marks, it only covered two-thirds of the cost of the war, and the interest payable as well as the post-war reparations imposed on Germany (some 132 billion Marks, equivalent to US $442 billion today), essentially crippled the German government in years leading up to World War 2 - in fact the German government did not finish fully repaying its World War I debts until 2010.
To avoid risking another failure (highly likely given Germany's foreign policy of the 1930's) that could bring uncertainty to the public regarding the strength of the country, Germany instead borrowed directly from domestic banks. Using short-term war bonds as collateral, this resulted in the funds sitting within some 40 million bank and investment accounts being quietly transferred to the Reich, essentially a continuous supply of money.
An Example[edit | edit source]
Bonds[edit | edit source]
The word Bond is taken from the early English word band, which means a fastening. The word bond implies that one is "bound" to repay an obligation.
A Bond is a financial 'instrument'. It is basically a loan, where the the bond issuer (in this case, the game developer, Reto-Moto) borrows money from the bond holder (in this case, the player). The actual bond is an object recognised by both parties and by the relevant governing laws, which proves that the bond issuer owes money to the bond holder. In the real world a bond is often treated as form of currency, and this object, whether a physical piece of paper or an electronic record in a database, can be traded on the stock-exchange or cashed in at an institution such as a bank which recognises it. The key difference between a simple loan and a bond, is that the bond will generally be for a fixed term (with no early repayments or extensions), the interest rate on the bond is set by the issuer, and often is not paid until at the end of the term, not progressively as in a normal loan.
A War Bond is a special kind of bond, that is issued by governments with the purpose of financing a war. They are usually somewhat restricted (they cannot be traded for example) because they also serve as a way for the government to keep inflation in check while the state is unstable (war brings uncertainty).
As a game mechanic in Heroes & Generals, technically the bond is the same as an item or weapon. Once you buy it, you have it. At this time War Bonds are kept in the database attached to your account, so you don't need to worry about losing them.
Interest[edit | edit source]
It is not free to borrow money (as players with a house mortgage will know) so the bond issuer (in this case Reto-Moto) will have to pay a price for the loan. The price is called the interest or the coupon (back in the old days the bond had actual paper coupons attached to them and the bondholder could go to a bank and exchange the coupon for money).
The coupon (or interest) is usually a percentage of the loan payed with fixed intervals (in our case, 1 payment each month). The interest is paid by the bond issuer until the bond expires.
As noted above, it is the bond issuer that decides the interest they will pay on the bond. In the real world the interest is taken as a measure of risk. The higher the interest the higher the risk.
For example, Danish State Bonds pay (as of time of writing) 1.64% interest and are considered low risk - Denmark's AAA credit rating indicates it is considered a very financially stable country.
In contrast, Spanish State Bonds at the time of writing, pay an interest rate of close to 6% - at first an attractive prospect to investors, but there is a considerable risk that the Spanish government may not be able to pay either the value of the bond, or the interest - this results in the bonds earning the nickname "junk bonds". These High-yield Bonds as they are technically known, sit at the riskier part of the investment spectrum, with only highly skilled, or lucky, investors being able to make enormous amounts of money picking out the few good ones.
Expiration[edit | edit source]
When the bond expires (or matures as they say in the finance world), the bond issuer will pay back the loan to the bond holder. In Heroes & Generals this means you will get your gold back in 6 months.
The length of time until the bond expires (matures) can be anything. In real life the maturity is most often between 1 year and 30 years. In a game like H&G it is not practical to have maturity for that long (and who knows where the game will be in 30 years ;-) ), so we've decided that the first batch will have maturity of 6 months. (And in a game where a well planned war can last months of real time play, 6 months actually works out quite realistically as an "in game" mechanic.)
In real world markets, bonds with short maturity dates (1 year) are often used more as'money market instruments' than actual bonds. This means they are used to 'correct' pricing and 'quality'. In H&G you cannot currently trade your War Bonds to other players (even though it may be interesting to be able to do that some time).
Additionally, some real world bonds grant the issuer the right to 'call'. This means that the lender can at any time choose to repay his loan. In the interests of simplicity, H&G does not have this option, so you will keep your War Bonds until the expiration date.
Nominal Value[edit | edit source]
The value of the bond is called the Nominal Value or face value because it is the value actually written on the bond. This is the amount of money that the bond issuer will have to pay back to the bond holder when the bond expires. Our first series of War Bonds have a Nominal Value of 1000G. We might issue new bonds with different values in the future.
Sometimes the Nominal Value is set really high if the issuer only want heavy financial institutions to buy their bonds. Some old companies also practice this with their stock. Keeping few stock at a high price ensures that the buyers are somewhat serious.
Issue Price[edit | edit source]
When the bond is first offered to buyers it might have a different price than the Nominal Value; this price is called the issue price. In our H&G example image to the left, the player pays 955G for the warbond.
The issue price is sometimes set lower than the nominal value in order to attract buyers. When the bond is traded on a stock exchange the issue price is variable. It becomes a measure of the risk involved in the bond. Low price means high risk. You can think of it as the bond holder's chance of getting his money back at expiration.
Sometimes the issue price is higher than the nominal price. This might sound weird, but it reflects very secure investments and in this case the higher price reflects the compounded interest for the entire duration. The Danish state bond that expires in 2039 with the interest of 4,5% have an issue price of 142dkk for a bond with the nominal value of 100dkk. This again reflects that investors are very confident that the state of Denmark is able to repay it's debt. It is considered a'safe haven' for investors to place their money while the rest of the global financial market is in turmoil.
See Also[edit | edit source]


If we consider the AdS-Schwarzschild manifold, defined by $M^n=[s_0,\infty)\times\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ equipped with the Riemannian metric $$\overline{g}=\frac{1}{1-ms^{2-n}+s^2}ds\otimes ds+s^2g_{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}},$$ where $m>0$ is a fixed positive number, $s_0$ is the unique positive solution of the equation $1+s_0^2-ms_0^{2-n}=0$ and $g_{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}$ is the standard round metric on the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$. The scalar curvature of $M$ is equals $-n(n-1)$.
My question is:
There exists some spin structure on $M$?
Since the Hyperbolic space is a particular case when $m\to0$ and the hyperbolic space admits a spin structure, is natural asking for a spin structure on the AdSSchwarschild space?
The existence or nonexistence of a spin structure on a smooth manifold $M$ is a topological question, in that it does not depend on the choice of a Riemannian metric on $M$. Spin structures are obstructed by the second Stiefel-Whitney class $w_2\in H^2(M;\mathbb Z/2)$, in that $M$ admits a spin structure iff $w_2(TM) = 0$.
Since $M^2 = [s_0,\infty)\times S^{n-1}$, its tangent bundle decomposes as
$$TM^3 \cong \pi_1^*T([s_0,\infty)) \oplus \pi_2^*TS^{n-1},$$
where $\pi_1,\pi_2$ are the projections from $M^n$ onto its two components. Since $[s_0,\infty)$ is contractible, its tangent bundle is trivial. The tangent bundle to $S^{n-1}$ is stably trivial, since embedding $S^{n-1}\hookrightarrow\mathbb R^n$ realizes $\underline{\mathbb R}^n \cong T\mathbb R^n|_{S^{n-1}} = TS^n\oplus\nu$, where $\nu$ is the normal bundle to the embedding, and $\nu$ is a trivial bundle.
Since $w_2$ is a stable characteristic class, it vanishes on stably trivial vector bundles, so $w_2(M^n) = 0$, and therefore $M^n$ admits a spin structure.
 - $\begingroup$ Your answer was very useful! I wondering now about the existence of killing imaginary spinors in the AdS Schwarschild manifold, there exists some one? $\endgroup$ – Geom math Dec 22 '17 at 18:55
 - $\begingroup$ Unfortunately, I don't know what an imaginary spinor is. $\endgroup$ – Arun Debray Dec 22 '17 at 18:57
Your Answer


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- Why do teachers tell you to take off your hat?
- Who invented homework?
- Why do we not wear hats indoors?
- Why do teachers hate hoods?
- Why do teachers hate Wikipedia?
- Does school make you dumber?
- Why are teachers so mean?
- Is it disrespectful to wear a military hat?
- Is it rude to wear a hood indoors?
- Why is it disrespectful to wear a hat?
- Is it rude to wear a hat in class?
- Why are schools so boring?
- Why do you put a cowboy hat upside down?
- Can teachers wear hoodies?
- Why do schools not allow hats?
Why do teachers tell you to take off your hat?
Some teachers are adamantly opposed to it – they see wearing a hat as disrespectful.
In some cultures a hat is taken off as a sign of respect and for the most part that has been the custom in the US.
When passing by someone they knew they would lift their hat as a sign of respectful greeting..
Who invented homework?
Roberto NevelisRoberto Nevelis of Venice, Italy, is often credited with having invented homework in 1095—or 1905, depending on your sources. Upon further inspection, however, he seems to be more of an internet myth than an historical personage.
Why do we not wear hats indoors?
When and Where It's Not Proper for Men to Wear Hats Hats were originally designed to keep the head warm, protect it from the sun, and keep the dust out of his eyes. They were removed when the man went indoors to prevent the dust on the hat from getting on the furniture and floor of the house.
Why do teachers hate hoods?
Some teachers believe students should not be allowed to wear hoods because school should represent the workplace, where an employee would not be allowed to wear a hood. … But the most common reason that teachers argue against hoods is based on the personal belief that wearing hoods is disrespectful.
Why do teachers hate Wikipedia?
They cannot possibly convey all of the information in the world that people are interested in. Even in the current era of the internet, encyclopedia companies cannot be comprehensive and current because the manpower just doesn't exist. Wikipedia allows any user in the world to create entries and edit current entries.
Does school make you dumber?
School does not teach children how to develop their capacity to think logically so that they can reach to their own conclusions when presented with information. … Hence their critical thinking is prevented from improving, and as a result children are turned into stupid automatons.
Why are teachers so mean?
One of the reasons teachers may seem mean is because they feel like their students aren't listening to them and like they're not getting any respect. When your teacher is talking, listen carefully and avoid getting distracted by your phone, the people in the halls, or your classmates.
Is it disrespectful to wear a military hat?
If you are wearing it in an attempt to claim service and or qualifications you do not have (e.g. a maroon beret (Airborne) ) then yes its disrespectful – and also quite dangerous as some serving and ex military may express their displeasure in a physical manner.
Is it rude to wear a hood indoors?
Yes, it's rude to wear hoods indoors plus the only reason I'd be wearing the hood would be to cover from the rain or if I was cold.
Why is it disrespectful to wear a hat?
According to the etiquette experts over at the Emily Post Institute, the act of removing your hat indoors is a longtime sign of respect. In fact, it probably began with medieval knights. … In other words: wearing a hat at the wrong time is rude because wearing a hat at the wrong time is rude, writes todayifoundout.com.
Is it rude to wear a hat in class?
No, wearing a hat to class is not disrespectful.
Why are schools so boring?
But the underlying reasons for the boredom are significant and troubling, according to a report released today. … About 30 percent of the students indicate they are bored due to lack of interaction with teachers and 75 percent report material being taught is not interesting.
Why do you put a cowboy hat upside down?
When you leave your hat on a flat surface or put it away in a hat box, set it upside down. This lets the hat air out and keeps the brim's shape intact. (Plus, there's an old cowboy superstition that says all the luck will run out if you set the hat brim-side down!)
Can teachers wear hoodies?
Rule #11: Leave your hoodies at home. At one school, teachers better not show up wearing shirts with hoods (popularly called hoodies). "Our principal said that's what criminals wear.
Why do schools not allow hats?
One reason hats are banned is because it is a distraction. How could a hat be a distraction? Students are allowed to wear bracelets in school and some of them are brightly colored and could easily become a distraction, but they are not banned. … Another excuse for banning hats is it's disrespectful to wear hats indoors.


Random Point In a Triangle – Barycentric Coordinates
A real quick lesson on Barycentric Coordinates. No diagrams right now. Maybe I'll come back later and elaborate. I'm really going to gloss over the details here – just explain how to accomplish the task in a straightforward manner.
So, you want to find the coordinates of a random point in space that exists on the surface of a predefined triangle. Sounds complicated, but it's actually not that bad. We start off like this:
Consider a triangle with points ABC. Pick any point and then calculate the vectors from that point to the other two points in the triangle. So, we get vectors AB and ACAB = [Bx – Ax, By – Ay, Bz – Az] and AC = [Cx – Ax, Cy – Ay, Cz – Az].
So we now have two vectors that tell how how to get from point A to the other two points in the triangle. They tell us what direction to go in and how far.
So, what if we start at point A, go a random percentage along the AB vector, then go another random percentage along the AC vector? Sounds pretty good, but how do we make sure we stay inside the triangle and don't exceed our bounds? This is where Barycentric Coordinates come into play.
Barycentric coordinates are three numbers that add up to one. Each number stands for a weighting of each point of the triangle. You can think of 1 as a percentage of the triangle. 1 = 100%. So, if we say point R weights the triangle 30% and S 50% then T is 20%. Well, knowing all this doesn't help us that much right now, except for the concept that R + S + T = 1. Going over 1 means we are outside the bounds of our triangle. And, a value of R = 1/3, S = 1/3, T=1/3 means each point has equal weighting, something called the barycenter of our triangle.
Consider a unit triangle in two dimensions. The point coordinates would be [0,0,], [0, 1], [1,0]. Imagine this as the perfect triangle. We can also think of this triangle in relation to our 3D triangle, with [0,0] representing our point A. In other words we can remap the values of one triangle to another, or use these barycentric weightings to weight our distance vectors accordingly.
We'll simply start by choosing two numbers at random between 0 and 1. Each number should be seeded differently to make sure we don't end up with the same number.
Now, we need to check if they are larger than one, since we still need to account for the third number and want to make sure we stay inside our triangle. If they are, all we have to do is subtract them from one. Something like this:
R = random.Get01(); //Generate a random number called R between 0-1
S = random.Get01(); //Generate a random number called S between 0-1
if(R + S >=1)
R = 1 – R;
S = 1 – S;
Great, we have our barycentric coordinates. Now, let's apply them.
Starting at point A, we want to go a random percentage along vector AB, then go another random percentage along vector AC. Our math will look something like this:
RandomPointPosition = A + R*AB + S*AC
Cross Products
I won't get into much detail here other than to talk about a few example of why you would want to calculate vector cross products and briefly explain what they are. Wikipedia has a great entry on them which will explain all the math behind them.
Given two vectors, for instance, two sides of a triangle, the cross product will give you a vector that points perpendicular to those vectors. This has many uses in 3D animation. You can calculate surface area (1/2 the magnitude of the cross product of vectors of two sides of a triangle will give you the area of that triangle). You can calculate surface normals, which show which direction the polygons of your surface are pointing. You can use cross products to align sprites to the camera or cull geometry that is pointing away from the camera. One thing I used cross products for recently was in a particle setup where I needed to create an aura around a character. I was able to figure out which surfaces of the geometry were pointing perpendicular to the camera and use that as a basis for particle emission. So, many uses.
Area of a triangle in 3D space
It can be very helpful to know how to calculate the area of triangles in 3D space. You can use it to calculate the surface area of an object, which in turn you can use to calculate/set mass or density of objects. Primarily, I use area to create distribution attributes for particle emission, such that polygons of varying size emit a spatially consistent amount of particles. For example, in Houdini, if area is assigned as a primitive attribute (you have measured the area of each polygon and stored it) you simply multiply area by emission rate and will get a fairly even distribution of particles emitted from a surface. Of course, Houdini has a built in operator to calculate area, but if you don't have such an operator in your 3D program, or you are writing your own code, here's how to do it.
The main tools needed to calculate an area of a triangle in 3D space are covered in my post about distance.
The basic formula using vectors goes something like this:
Given three vector points in space, A, B, and C, the area of the triangle formed by those points is 1/2 the magnitude (see distance) of the cross product (see cross product) of vector AB and AC.
It can be written in mathematical notation like this:
1/2 * |AB x AC|
It can also be explained diagrammatically like so:
So, given three points, A, B, and C, pick one point arbitrarily and calculate two distance vectors between that point and the other two points (distance vectors AB and AC) by doing vector subtraction. Find the cross product between those vectors. The cross product outputs a vector. Now, calculate the magnitude of this vector, and finally divide by 2 (or multiply by 0.5).
Distance or Magnitude of Vectors
I'll briefly explain vectors here. Plenty of information out there on the web, and they are quite easy to understand. Basically, a vector in computer graphics is an array of three numbers [X,Y,Z] that carry a direction and a magnitude. The magnitude can mean a few different things, depending on context. For instance, the magnitude can indicate the speed an object is traveling at, when talking about moving objects. It can also indicate the distance from one point to another point (the components tell you which direction to travel to reach that point).
There's a formula for calculating the magnitude of a vector, and I will show a couple ways of implementing this formula.
The basic formula is:
Given vector [X, Y, Z], the magnitude is the square root of the dot-product of the vector with itself.
√(X^2 + Y^2 + Z^2)
I won't get into what a dot-product is here, but let's just say that this formula works.
So, how does this give us distance?
Consider two points in space, PointA with coordinates (X, Y, Z) and PointB with coordinates (A, B, C). To get the distance between these points we get the difference between each component and create a new vector with that information, then plug it into our magnitude formula, which will spit out a scalar number (A number with only one component, as opposed to our vector, which has three).
So, our distance vector is: [A-X, B-Y, C-Z]
The magnitude of this is: √[(A-X)^2 + (B-Y)^2 + (C-Z)^2]
Written as a dot-product, if [A-X, B-Y, C-Z] = Vector V, the magnitude is: √(V•V)
These two diagrams also illustrate two ways of calculating distance. Since most computer programs and computing languages already have functions to calculate dot products, you'll see you can do this quicker with less nodes/code.


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Understanding the US/Mexico Border through experiential education
Annunciation House has been working in El Paso/Ciudad Juarez since 1978 operating houses of hospitality for migrants and refugees. Annunciation House is a Catholic organization that accompanies the migrant, homeless, and economically vulnerable peoples of the border region through hospitality, advocacy, and education. It has an all volunteer staff who place themselves among these poor so as transform their understanding of what constitutes more just relationships between peoples, countries, and economies.
In the early 1990s Annunciation House developed the Border Awareness Experience (BAE). The objective of the BAE is to facilitate face to face meetings and encounters between participants and people and groups on both sides of the border. It intends to raise consciousness about the issues facing the border such as immigration, economic development, human rights, and social justice. The BAE also educates North Americans about our role and responsibilities in today's globalized world.
The US/Mexico border is a unique are where the 'First World' meets the 'Third World'. It is a region where multiple factors (social, political, economic, cultural, environmental) come into play. It is worth understanding for its own intrinsic value, but perhaps more importantly, we can learn much by seeing the border as a microcosm of today's globalized economy.
The El Paso and Ciudad Juarez metropolitan area is the biggest border community in the world. The combined population of both cities is close to 3 million people. Since 1964 Juarez has experienced enormous population growth due to the influx of maquiladora factories. These factories have provided jobs but also caused various social problems that afflict the city. El Paso and Ciudad Juarez are also one of the main entry points into the US for undocumented workers and drugs.
The BAE is an immersion experience. More than being an informational tour, it seeks to immerse the participants in the border culture and realities of the many people and groups that live and work here. The food that you will eat and the conditions which you will live in are as much a part of the experience as the people and groups that you will meet
What is a typical day on a BAE?
A typical day may include:
- Visiting the US Border Patrol
- Listening to the stories of migrants and refugees
- Touring a maquiladora
- Meeting human rights activists
- Staying in a migrant shelter
- All participants, regardless of faith, backgrounds, and beliefs are welcome.
- Cost is $80 per person per day.
- Pack lightly.
- Accommodation is dormitory style.
- Bedding is provided.
- Three meals a day will be provided. Food is simple but filling.
- US citizens will need a passport or original birth certificate.
- Non-US citizens will need correct documentation or visas.
- Daily reflections/debriefings are an integral part of the BAE.
- Spanish is not required since translation will be provided.
If you would like more information or would like to inquire about participating in a BAE please contact at the address below or through this email form:
815 Myrtle Ave,
El Paso, TX 79901
Phone: _PHONE_


Shadow and Light
Chiaroscuro – Italian for the play of shadow and light, most often referring to tonal relationships in visual art (Wikipedia)
Walking through a garden or a forest is a much different experience than looking at it from afar. When seen from a vantage point, no matter how beautiful a view, only your eyes see the beauty before you and you are separated from it – it and you. But walking in it and through it, that is a different experience altogether. You and it become a "we" – fused together by a play of shadow and light, transient shifts of color and tone that enfold you as a part of nature's spectral ballet.
Chiaroscuro is a term that painters used to describe the use of shadow and light to create the illusion of three dimensionality on a two dimensional plane. Photographers embraced it as a reminder that they were photographing light, not things. As I walked through the garden this week, each step became an experience of shadow and light. Every plant and flower took on a golden glow, filtered through the autumn leaves above. Standing below a fiery maple tree became a transcendent experience of standing in liquid gold; the deep umber and burgundy hues of light traveling through oak leaves captivated me for long moments. The beauty of autumn is transitory, all the more treasured for that short period of time when we look upward at a canopy of color that is unmatched in any other season.
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Here is French singer Juliette Greco singing Les Fuielles Morte (Autumn Leaves) in French in a live concert in Berlin (1967) in a simple arrangement of voice and guitar. Sartre said of her that she had "... millions of poems in her voice." (Wikipedia)
Where there is much light, the shadow is deep. ~ Geothe
For a translation of the original French lyrics (by Jacques Prevert) to Les Feuilles mortes/Autumn Leaves (not the Johnny Mercer English lyrics) – see this translation by Coby Lubliner.


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Master of Science; tuition language: German
Biomolecular Engineering – Molekulare Biotechnologie, M.Sc.
The degree programme Master of Science in Biomolecular Engineering or Molecular Biotechnology offers students the opportunity to target current issues of their own choosing in molecular biosciences and biochemistry.
The Biomolecular Engineering programme conveys theoretical knowledge about chemical and biological processes at the molecular level and creates a technological platform for a targeted structuring of biologically active molecules and production/synthesis processes. This allows students to gain insight into how biological macro-molecules function and into how innovative products and processes are developed, leading from custom-made enzymes to biomolecular-based analytical methods and drugs.
(opens in new tab) Module Handbook
Study Regulations with Semester Course and Examination Schedule
Graduates from Molecular Biotechnology typically go on to research careers in the chemical industry or at a university. For this reason it makes sense for holders of Bachelor's degrees to go to do a Master's degree. The Master of Science in Biomolecular Engineering is designed to train bioengineers and molecular biotechnologists who can successfully meet various challenges in their future careers. Graduates may take up careers in industry, for example, or in research institutes (e.g. research, development and production in the pharmaceutical or biotechnological industry, or in the food industry), or engage in research as part of a doctoral program.
Students of Biomolecular Engineering will acquire a broad foundation in the natural sciences in the initial semesters and be confronted with various interdisciplinary issues. It therefore makes sense for Bachelor degree holders to choose to do a Master's degree in any of the related science departments.


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Make a "Who's Who" List of ESP
As you make your list of who's who in your school and district, don't forget to find out about your Educational Support Professionals (ESP).
Make it a New Year's resolution to get the answers to the following questions:
- Who does what in the front office? If there's more than one secretary, find out who tracks attendance, who calls parents, who takes phone messages and who controls the copier.
- Who works with you in the classroom? You probably know this already but have you had a conversation with your paraeducator about his/her responsibility in the classroom? How he/she can best help you?
- Who watches the students in the cafeteria or on the playground? Find out what you can do with your students to make the job of these ESP easier. Know what power they have in terms of disciplining students.
- Who fixes things? Something as simple as a broken pencil sharpener can make your day a nightmare. Know how to get help.
- When are the floors washed, waxed or vacuumed? If you or your students are planning on leaving projects or materials out over a period of days, will it impact the custodian's job? Know whom to call if you need spills cleaned up or accidents attended to.
- Who drives the buses? Elementary teachers may have a better handle on this question but, regardless, all teachers should know how to make arrangements for a field trip, what regular bus safety rules need to be reinforced in the classroom and how bus drivers handle discipline on their buses.
- Who provides school security? In this day and age, knowing what the safety procedures are in your building and knowing who is responsible for enforcing safety rules is crucial to the survival of you and your students.


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US Maps »
Pennsylvania Map Collection
Pennsylvania County Map:
This map shows Pennsylvania's 67 counties. Also available is a detailed Pennsylvania County Map with county seat cities.
Map of Pennsylvania Cities:
This map shows many of Pennsylvania's important cities and most important roads. Important north - south routes include: Interstate 79, Interstate 81 and Interstate 83. Important east - west routes include: Interstate 70, Interstate 76, Interstate 80, Interstate 84 and Interstate 90.
We also have a more detailed Map of Pennsylvania Cities.
Pennsylvania Physical Map:
This Pennsylvania shaded relief map shows the major physical features of the state. For other nice views of the state see Pennsylvania Satellite image, Pennsylvania wall map or the Pennsylvania map by google.
Pennsylvania Rivers Map:
This map shows the major streams and rivers of Pennsylvania and some of the larger lakes. The state's drainage systems are separated by the Eastern Continental Divide and the St. Lawrence Seaway Divide. The eastern and central parts of the state are within the Atlantic Ocean Watershed. Within this watershed the Susquehanna River drains much of Pennsylvania and enters Chesapeake Bay while the Delaware River forms the eastern boundary of Pennsylvania and drains into Delaware Bay. Small portions of Erie and Potter Counties drain into Lake Erie and are in the St. Lawrence Watershed. The remainder of the state is in the Mississippi River Watershed. One of five North American Triple Points is located in Pennsylvania. An unnamed hill in Potter County is the intersection of Eastern Continental Divide and the St. Lawrence Seaway Divide. Most of these lakes and streams can be clearly seen on the Pennsylvania Satellite Image. We also have a page about Pennsylvania water resources.
Pennsylvania Elevation Map:
This is a generalized topographic map of Pennsylvania. It shows elevation trends across the state. Detailed topographic maps and aerial photos of Pennsylvania are available in the Geology.com store. See our state high points map to learn about Mt. Davis at 3,213 feet - the highest point in Pennsylvania. The lowest point is the Delaware River at Sea Level. Learn about Pennsylvania geology.
|Copyright information: The maps on this page were composed by Brad Cole of Geology.com. These maps are copyright by Geology.com and may not be used beyond our websites. If you want to share these maps with others please link to this page. They were created using data licensed from and copyright by Map Resources.


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Investigations of diffusion barriers for application in back-contacted solar cells
The characterization of barriers against phosphorus diffusion for application in back-contacted solar cells by using the sheet resistance imaging (SRI) method is investigated. The focus is set on a screen-printable TiOxlayer, which is compared to a thermally grown and photolithographically patterned SiO2-layer. Within the measurement error the effectiveness of the TiOx-layer as a diffusion barrier is proven. The high resolution of the SRI allows to observe structures in the diffused areas of very small scale.


AADV Meaning in Military - What does AADV mean?
The meaning of AADV is Acquisition Aid Vehicle and other meanings are located at the bottom which take place within Military terminology and AADV has 1 different meaning. All meanings which belong to AADV abbreviation are take part only within Military terminology and other meanings are not found. If you want to see other meanings, please click the AADV meaning link. Thus, you will be directed to page which indicates all meanings of AADV.
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AADV Meaning in Military
 1. Acquisition Aid VehicleMilitary
Please also find AADV meaning for Military in other sources.
What does AADV stand for Military?
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 1. What does AADV meaning stand for Military?
 AADV meaning stands for Acquisition Aid Vehicle.
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 The meaning of AADV abbreviation is 'Acquisition Aid Vehicle' in Military.
 3. What is AADV definition?
 AADV definition is "Acquisition Aid Vehicle".
 4. What does AADV mean in Military?
 AADV mean that "Acquisition Aid Vehicle" for Military.
 5. What is AADV acronym?
 AADV acronym is "Acquisition Aid Vehicle".
 6. What is shorthand of Acquisition Aid Vehicle?
 The shorthand of "Acquisition Aid Vehicle" is AADV.
 7. What is the definition of AADV acronym in Military?
 Definitions of AADV shorthand is "Acquisition Aid Vehicle".
 8. What is the full form of AADV abbreviation?
 Full form of AADV abbreviation is "Acquisition Aid Vehicle".
 9. What is the full meaning of AADV in Military?
 Full meaning of AADV is "Acquisition Aid Vehicle".
 10. What is the explanation for AADV in Military?
 Explanation for AADV is "Acquisition Aid Vehicle".
What is the meaning of AADV Abbreviation in Astrology?
We did not give any place only meanings of AADV definitions. Yes, we know that your main purpose is the explanation of AADV abbreviation. However, we thought, you can consider the astrological information of AADV acronym in Astrology. Therefore, astrologic description of each word are available at the bottom.
AADV Abbreviation in Astrology
 - AADV (letter A)
 - AADV (letter D)
 - AADV (letter V)


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Clinical Pharmacy Acquisition Skills
Students participating in Clinical Pharmacy skill acquisition using blood pressure monitoring device.
Student involve in patient counselling after blood pressure measurement.
Student taken blood pressure measurement in the Role play scenario.
Clinical Pharmacy lecturer facilitating and instructing students on communication skills and counselling session.
Clinical Pharmacy lecturer facilitating hand-on skill on use of point-of-care devices by students.