text:
In the most of all statistical approaches in pattern recognition theories in remote sensing it is assumed that each probability density function of pattern classes can be approximated by the Gaussian probability density function. However, this assumption is not always appropriate in practice. The exact shape of class probability density function is supposed to be expressed as an original histogram. And if the shape of the histogram is largely different from the Gaussian function the classification results might include large error.
Therefore, there seems no need to persist in Gaussian probability density function as the only representation of class histograms. In other words, if there are other functions which can approximate the original histograms more accurately than the Gaussian function can, we would better to adopt one of those functions as a representation of a pattern class histogram.
From this point of view, a probability density function was expanded by adding another parameter to the Gaussian function so that it can approximate histograms more flexibly and still can include the Gaussian function itself as a special case.
The expanded function used here is a non-symmetric Gaussian function which has two independent standard deviations for each Side of the mode so that it can approximate the anti-symmetricity of class histogram.
In this paper some characteristics of the non-symmetric Gaussian probability density function were studied. Then the fitness to the original histogram was examined by chi-square test and compared with that of the conventional symmetric Gaussian function. The comparison between symmetric and non-symmetric function was accomplished also on the results of a test run.
Date of this Version


A cylinder of gas used for welding contains helium at 3000 psig and room temperature. The cylinder is knocked over, its valve is broken off, and gas escapes through a converging passage. The minimum flow area is 0.10 in2 at the outlet section where the gas flow is uniform. Find (a) the mass flow rate at which gas leaves the cylinder and (b) the instantaneous acceleration of the cylinder (assume the cylinder axis is horizontal and its mass is 125 lb).
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, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); stopWatch.Stop(); // Get the elapsed time as a TimeSpan value. TimeSpan ts = stopWatch.Elapsed; // Format and display the TimeSpan value. string elapsedTime = String.Format("{0:00}:{1:00}:{2:00}.{3:00}", ts.Hours, ts.Minutes, ts.Seconds, ts.Milliseconds / 10); Console.WriteLine("RunTime " + elapsedTime); Console.ReadKey();
Categories : C#
PHP/MySql Determining age/Elapsed Time of inserted data
your looking for time elapse you can do the following. UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2012-12-01 12:12:12') - UNIX_TIMESTAMP(CURTIME()); you can then convert it into seconds and minutes.
Categories : PHP
Linux - bash script to calculate time elapsed
You are trying to execute the number in the ENDTIME as a command. You should also see an error like _PHONE_: command not found. Instead use the arithmetic expansion: echo "It takes $(($ENDTIME - $STARTTIME)) seconds to complete this task..." You could also save the commands in a separate script, commands.sh, and use time command: time commands.sh
Categories : Linux
How to count time elapsed in Python multiple functions
What is the error you are getting? datetime doesn't have a .seconds attribute but it does have a .second attribute. maybe try str(deltatime.second) in your code.
Categories : Python
python pandas time elapsed between dynamic range
Not sure how great this is performance wise. import numpy as np import pandas as pd gen = df.price.iteritems() def get_deltas(gen): time, value = next(gen) deltas = [np.nan] # initial value for line in gen: if np.abs(line[1] - value) >= 4: deltas.append(np.abs(line[0] - time)) time, value = line else: deltas.append(np.nan) return deltas deltas = get_deltas(df.price.iteritems()) df['deltas'] = deltas In [58]: df Out[58]: price deltas time 2013-04-26 13:30:03 101 NaN 2013-04-26 13:30:04 101 NaN 2013-04-26 13:30:05 102 NaN 2013-04-26 13:30:06 105 0:00:03 2013-04-26 13:30:07 104 NaN 2013-04-26 13:30:08 105 NaN 2013-0
Categories : Python
Get time Elapsed and duration of MP3 file streaming android
Here are these two methods one is to get Media Player Current Position and second is to get total duration // returns current position mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition(); //returns total duration mediaPlayer.getDuration(); hope this will help
Categories : Android
How to get elapsed time in seconds from boost::timer::cpu_timer?
You should measure the number of tick per nanosecond on each Hardware your soft run.. take a look at ( C++ Timer function to provide time in nano seconds)
Categories : C++
How to get current elapsed time of iPhone music player?
I believe you're looking for -[MPMusicPlayerController currentPlaybackTime];. This value returns the current position of the playhead, or rather the elapsed time in the currently playing track. NSTimeInterval interval = [[MPMusicPlayerController iPodMusicPlayer] currentPlaybackTime];
Categories : Iphone
choose between timeval and clock() to calculate elapsed time in C
From the clock(3) manual page: The clock() function returns an approximation of processor time used by the program. So the clock function doesn't return the amount of time passed, but a number of "ticks" that your program have run. And as you know, in a multi-tasking system your program can be paused at any time to let other programs run.
Categories : C
HttpCore for measuring http request/response elapsed time
In the blocking i/o mode request execution (or processing) is terminated immediately after receiving a message head (request line + headers). Message body, when available, is associated with the content entity as an InputStream instance. This enables the consumer to stream the content directly from the underlying network socket. So, all you have to is to ensure that the response content entity is fully consumed. long start = System.nanoTime(); HttpResponse httpResponse = httpexecutor.execute(request, conn, context); EntityUtils.consume(httpResponse.getEntity()); long elapsed = System.nanoTime() - start;
Categories : Java
Printing the total amount of time elapsed while processing the program
You can just use chrono: #include <chrono> #include <iostream> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { auto beg = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); // Do stuff here auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); std::cout << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - beg).count() << std::endl; std::cin.get(); return 0; }
Categories : C++
Is the elapsed time until the completed event happens indicative for the socket speed?
No, not at all. Not just because you use UDP, but more importantly, because you use SendAsync. In general, when you use methods that end with Async this means they don't block the current thread and they will run in the background, so you can't measure when they finish their work. To clarify this more you'd better to study about Multi-Threading here."Threading enables your C# program to perform concurrent processing so you can do more than one operation at a time" and generally Async methods operate this way i.e. Asynchronized. So you couldn't even find some measure about the speed this way if you had a sound understanding of this Async thing.
Categories : C#
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The verification of noise in on-chip global interconnect is performed through simulation of an electrical circuit comprised of a network of coupled transmission lines, terminated by appropriate models for drivers (transmitters) and loads (receivers). The current methodology utilizes linearized models of the terminations, thus requiring only linear circuit simulations. In this study, we show that while a linear noise analysis methodology that relies on the termination model linearization is very efficient and convenient, it may result in significant loss of accuracy and/or in excessively conservative designs. We identify the situations where modeling the nonlinearity of the termination becomes a determining factor in the accuracy of the analysis. We also study the implications of adopting a fully nonlinear analysis methodology, and propose a practical compromise.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
CHAPLAINCY IN EDUCATION
Chaplaincy in an education setting can take many shapes, it is essential is that it meets the needs of the institution and responds to the local setting.
There are a variety of models within the Diocese of Exeter; however, there are some fundamental principles which need to be considered.
- Support from senior management
- Support from local church communities, ecumenical where possible
- Support from the Diocese, licensing of chaplains, providing training, etc.
- Adequate resources – these need not be financial
- A base – this can be virtual
- Chaplaincy is not a vehicle for proselytising
Chaplaincy can offer:
- Additional and specific spiritual and pastoral support of students
- Support for staff
- Additional support/ resource to the curriculum
- Critical incident support
- Community links
- Can be seen as working beyond the "gates"
- Additional activities
- Chaplains can often go where other "fear to tread"
Remember that Chaplaincy is to the whole community.
Chaplaincy can best be described as the Walk to Emmaus, Chaplains walk alongside all participants of an institution, they listen to their story, support their issues, if appropriate share their own story and signpost to others for further guidance and support if necessary.
Chaplaincy in Education is transformative and:
- offers spiritual and pastoral care to everyone and shares the life of the community;
- is distinctively Christian and utterly inclusive and works with people of all faiths and cultures;
- is 'the public face of God' for the community;
- 'is there to listen and care, to pray for and bless the school/college/university.'
Chaplains can be lay or ordained and from any Christian church. With the support of local churches and the diocese, almost anyone can be called and trained to be a chaplain.
Chaplains have the opportunity to be part of wider regional and national support networks and training opportunities – details these can be found in our newsletters

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The solar corridor concept examines approaches to better use light in row crops. To achieve this goal, an understanding of the diel patterns of light transmittance to the soil surface in the interrow zone in row crops is necessary. The objective of this study was to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of light transmittance to the soil surface at different row positions. Light data and leaf area of maize (Zea mays L.) were collected over a period of 2 yr to quantify the spatial distribution of light transmittance to the soil surface under different plant and canopy densities. Leaf area index (LAI) was varied by using two different plant densities and a range of N applications. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured using quantum line sensors at three to seven row positions depending on row spacing (0.78 and 0.36 m). Light transmittance to the soil surface varied by position within the row and time of day. The variation was greatest for low N and low plant density spacing treatments. On cloudy days with more diffuse light the variation in light transmittance between the within and row positions was less. Light extinction coefficients decreased as solar elevation increased toward midday. The wide variation in light transmittance to the soil surface in the interrow zone points out the need to manage plant and management properties such as leaf area, plant density, and row spacing to take best advantage of light in the solar corridor.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Agronomy and Crop Science


objects (regardless of which program they use).
The p_unlit shader is never actually used in the scene graph; we just use the scene graph as a convenient way to load the shader. Similarly, the m_sphere mesh is not used in a scene graph node. We pull references to both of these out of the graph and use them ourselves where needed. We extract some uniform locations from the unlit shader, so that we can draw unlit objects with colors.
The code as written here is designed to be exception safe. Most of the functions that find nodes by name will throw if the name is not found. What this exception safety means is that it is easy to make the scene reloadable. It only replaces the old values in the global variables after executing all of the code that could throw an exception. This way, the entire scene, along with all meshes, textures, and shaders, can be reloaded by pressing Enter. If something goes wrong, the new scene will not be loaded and an error message is displayed.
Two of the objects in the scene rotate. This is easily handled using our list of objects. In the display method, we access certain nodes and change their transforms them:
 360.0f * g_timer.GetAlpha(), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)));
g_nodes[3].NodeSetOrient(g_spinBarOrient * glm::rotate(glm::fquat(),
 360.0f * g_timer.GetAlpha(), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)));
We simply set the orientation based on a timer. For the second one, we previously stored the object's orientation after loading it, and use that as the reference. This allows us to rotate about its local Z axis.
Multiple Scenes
The split-screen trick used here is actually quite simple to pull off. It's also one of the advantages of the scene graph: the ability to easily re-render the same scene multiple times.
The first thing that must change is that the projection matrix cannot be set in the old reshape function. That function now only sets the new width and height of the screen into global variables. This is important because we will be using two projection matrices.
The projection matrix used for the left scene is set up like this:
Example 17.4. Left Projection Matrix
glm::ivec2 displaySize(g_displayWidth / 2, g_displayHeight);
 glutil::MatrixStack persMatrix;
 persMatrix.Perspective(60.0f, (displaySize.x / (float)displaySize.y), g_fzNear, g_fzFar);
 ProjectionBlock projData;
 projData.cameraToClipMatrix = persMatrix.Top();
 glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, g_projectionUniformBuffer);
 glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, sizeof(ProjectionBlock), &projData, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
 glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);
glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)displaySize.x, (GLsizei)displaySize.y);
Notice that displaySize uses only half of the width. And this half width is passed into the glViewport call. It is also used to generate the aspect ratio for the perspective projection matrix. It is the glViewport function that causes our window to be split into two halves.
What is more interesting is the right projection matrix computation:
Example 17.5. Right Projection Matrix
 glutil::MatrixStack persMatrix;
 ProjectionBlock projData;
 projData.cameraToClipMatrix = persMatrix.Top();
 glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, g_projectionUniformBuffer);
 glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);
glViewport(displaySize.x + (g_displayWidth % 2), 0,
 (GLsizei)displaySize.x, (GLsizei)displaySize.y);
Notice that we first take the camera matrix from the perspective view and apply it to the matrix stack before the perspective projection itself. Remember that transforms applied to the stack happen in reverse order. This means that vertices are projected into 4D homogeneous clip-space coordinates, then are transformed by a matrix. Only the rotation portion of the right camera matrix is used. The translation is removed by the conversion to a mat3 (which takes only the top-left 3x3 part of the matrix, which if you recall contains the rotation), then turns it back into a mat4.
Notice also that the viewport's X location is biased based on whether the display's width is odd or not (g_displayWidth % 2 is 0 if it is even, 1 if it is odd). This means that if the width is stretched to an odd number, there will be a one pixel gap between the two views of the scene.
Intermediate Projection
One question may occur to you: how is it possible for our right camera to provide a rotation in NDC space, if it is being applied to the end of the projection matrix? After all, the projection matrix goes from camera space to clip-space. The clip-space to NDC space transform is done by OpenGL after our vertex shader has done this matrix multiply. Do we not need the shader to divide the clip-space values by W, then do the rotation?
Obviously not, since this code works. But just because code happens to work doesn't mean that it should. So let's see if we can prove that it does. To do this, we must prove this:
This might look like a simple proof by inspection due to the associative nature of these, but it is not. The reason is quite simple: w and w' may not be the same. The value of w is the fourth component of v; w' is the fourth component of what results from T*v. If T changes w, then the equation is not true. But at the same time, if T doesn't change w, if w == w', then the equation is true.
Well, that makes things quite simple. We simply need to ensure that our T does not alter w. Matrix multiplication tells us that w' is the dot product of V and the bottom row of T.
Therefore, if the bottom row of T is (0, 0, 0, 1), then w == w'. And therefore, we can use T before the division. Fortunately, the only matrix we have that has a different bottom row is the projection matrix, and T is the rotation matrix we apply after projection.
So this works, as long as we use the right matrices. We can rotate, translate, and scale post-projective clip-space exactly as we would post-projective NDC space. Which is good, because we get to preserve the w component for perspective-correct interpolation.
The take-home lesson here is very simple: projections are not that special as far as transforms are concerned. Post-projective space is mostly just another space. It may be a 4-dimensional homogeneous coordinate system, and that may be an odd thing to fully understand. But that does not mean that you can't apply a regular matrix to objects in this space.


Home Help and advice How trail cameras work?
How trail cameras work?
by hk
How easy is the trail camera to setup and use?
The trail camera is very easy to setup and use. the camera has a really neat menu system.
Does the camera come with an SD card?
The offer is cracking offer and does not include the card.
How does the camera work?
The camera is a digital camera, motion detection device and video recorded rolled into one.
What can the camera film?
The camera can film anything from small animals upwards. If it is smaller, you will have to place the camera closer to the subject. If it is larger, you can place the camera further away. The bigger the surface area on the sensor, the easier the camera will detect motion and record to the camera.
Where can you place the camera?
The camera can be placed anywhere. The camera comes with a strap and buckle and can easily be strapped to anything.
Does the camera flash and will this give the location of the camera away or scare the subject?
No, the camera has a sensor and if it is dark, the camera will turn on invisible infra-red lights. This does not flash and does not give anything away.
Can I see the pictures or video on the camera?
Yes, the camera has a small colour screen on the back and it is easy to see the live footage through the camera as well as the shots and video taken.
How easy is the camera to use?
It is very easy to use as it has a small colour screen and easy to use buttons and menu system. Like all gadgets, there is an element of learning however with a bit of experimentation you will get there.
Why is the camera a lot cheaper than others?
The camera is made by a new and developing technology company. It is a lesser known brand than others in the marketplace, however the technology is comparable as other brands.
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text:
The idea with these characters was to use basic geometric shapes and create interesting and funny illustrations.
- 3000 x 4243 px, JPEG (1.3 MB)
- This is a signed and limited edition digital creation.
What does this mean?
Nenad Radojcic's Recent Collectors
|Snapback shadow||1 of 1||Ξ0.4 ($163.19)|
|Smoking||1 of 1||$100.00|
|Frog||1 of 1||Ξ0.22 ($74.89)|
|Fish||1 of 1||Ξ0.22 ($74.89)|
|Polar||1 of 1||Ξ0.2 ($68.08)|
|Monkey||1 of 1||Ξ0.2 ($67.69)|


ahah
Destination parameter rewriting with jQuery: fixing the AHAH link destination bug
Tue, Apr 20, 2010 - 7:59pm -- Isaac Sukin
Soon after I first implemented AHAH-based form refreshing in my Facebook-style Statuses module for the Drupal content management system, I realized that the process created something of a workflow problem. Users would go and post a message like normal, and then the form -- and the links on it -- would refresh via AHAH. Essentially, when a user clicked the submit button on the form, some JavaScript would silently open another page (the "callback" page) in the background. That page would generate a new copy of the form, which would then be copied and pasted over the form that had just been submitted.
The problem was, that new copy of the form was generated on the callback page, and it had no way of knowing from what page it had been called. In other words, if the script generating the form wanted to know what the current page was, instead of getting the URL of the page on which the form originally appeared, it would get the URL of the callback page. This became a problem when dealing with links, because links often include a "destination" parameter so that when a user takes an action after clicking the link they will be returned to the appropriate place. For example, an "edit" link for a message would typically have a "destination" parameter in the URL so that when a user saved the edits, the browser would automatically send the user back to the page on which the edit link was clicked. In HTML, such a link would look like this:
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Races start with heats, the number of which depends on the number of swimmers in the event. Swimmers are seeded in advance and these seedings are used to determine the heat each swimmer starts in – the top seeds will be placed in different heats. Seedings are also used to determine the lane each athlete will swim in – the higher the seeding the closer to the centre lanes of the pool.
The top eight swimmers from the heats progress to the final. As in the heats, the swimmers' seedings are used to decide which lane they are allocated.
Swimming events need many officials including timekeepers, start and finish judges, stroke judges and an overall chief referee who is in charge of the competition.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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advanced_tools:bianchi_identities [2019/01/16 13:34]
129.13.36.189 [Abstract]
advanced_tools:bianchi_identities [2019/01/16 13:34]
jakobadmin [Abstract]
Line 34: Line 34:
 In general relativity, the Bianchi identity In general relativity, the Bianchi identity
 $$ \nabla R = \nabla \nabla \theta =0 $$ $$ \nabla R = \nabla \nabla \theta =0 $$
-roughly says "that the sum over a closed two-dimensional surface of rotations induced by Riemannian curvature is equal to zero." (Source)+roughly says "that the sum over a closed two-dimensional surface of rotations induced by Riemannian curvature is equal to zero." ([[_URL_
 <tabbox Why is it interesting?> <tabbox Why is it interesting?>
 <blockquote> <blockquote>
advanced_tools/bianchi_identities.txt · Last modified: 2019/01/16 13:35 by jakobadmin


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Using the ScatterX78 vacuum chamber, enabling very fast SAXS and WAXS data collection, the hydrothermal synthesis of nanoceria was monitored in real time. Particle and crystallite sizes as a function of synthesis time were accurately documented over the 36-hour combined SAXS-WAXS experiment.
We performed an extensive in situ study of hydrothermal synthesis of nanoceria by combination of X-ray diffraction and scattering techniques. Here we present the results of time-resolved SAXS-WAXS characterization of the nanoceria synthesis process at room temperature. From the experimental data the crystallite and particle sizes as a function of the synthesis time were obtained.


text:
Building partnerships – Building our future
Partnerships between Government and Universities have never been more important. They present educators, students, regulators, policy creators and decision-makers with real opportunities for growth and positive change.
To share experiences and insights; to challenge the popularly accepted position; to openly debate in a constructive and effective way – these are just the beginning of the benefits of mutually favourable partnerships.
This is why the Centre for Work Health and Safety has recently signed Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) with the University of Wollongong and the University of Newcastle. These MoUs demonstrate the commitment the Centre and the Universities have in working together to develop work health and safety research expertise in Australia.
The Centre's Director, Skye Buatava said the research collaboration will provide opportunities for university students and academics to generate new knowledge by engaging in bona fide work health and safety research.
"The Centre is about world-class research using the latest data, evidence and insights to develop smarter, more innovative solutions to work health and safety challenges," she said.
"By strengthening our ties with these universities, we can make work health and safety research a well-regarded syllabus and career choice. After all, keeping people safe and healthy in their workplace should be in the hands of tertiary trained specialists."
University of Wollongong Vice-Chancellor, Professor Paul Wellings CBE said the partnership with the Centre would provide outstanding opportunities for researchers and students.
"This collaboration will see the University and the Centre work cooperatively to apply research to real-world challenges that will have a positive impact on workers and potentially prevent accidents and help save lives," he said.
Executive Director of the University of Newcastle's Institute for Energy and Resources, Professor Alan Broadfoot, said the agreement will play a significant role in bringing about behaviour change in work health and safety in NSW.
"Work health and safety is something that impacts every individual and underpins the core objectives and practices of all workplaces. This agreement will create more impact through innovative research that will ultimately improve the safety of workers across the state," Professor Broadfoot said.
The Centre is now actively seeking relationships with other universities across Australia to provide further work health and safety research opportunities.


What Is a Midline Shift?
Individuals who experienced a severe head injury as the result of a car accident may experience a midline shift.
Causes of midline shift may include a head injury associated with a contact sport.
People who have had a stroke may have difficulty walking.
A severe blow to the head may cause a midline shift.
A head-on collision or other serious car crash is one of the most common causes of a midline shift.
Article Details
 - Written By: Steven Symes
 - Edited By: Rachel Catherine Allen
 - Last Modified Date: 02 August 2015
 - Copyright Protected:
 Conjecture Corporation
 - Print this Article
Midline shift refers to when a person's brain actually shifts beyond the center line of the brain. The shift is normally caused by a traumatic event involving the brain or head, and can indicate further problems with the brain, such as intracranial pressure or tumor growths. The brain normally shifts away from a traumatized section, causing neurological abnormalities that affect the behavior of the patient.
Causes of midline shift normally involve a violent event that impacted a person's brain negatively. A severe head injury, such as a car accident or serious collision in a contact sport, can cause the brain to shift. Other traumatic events that can affect the positioning of the brain include strokes, brain swelling or the development of a brain tumor.
People who have suffered a midline shift show some specific signs of the condition. A person might lean to the side of the body that matches the direction the brain has shifted, and experience problems with walking straight or running into obstacles. The patient's vision might also be affected, causing problems with perceiving spatial relationships and performing simple motor skills activities such as using playing cards. If a person is suffering from a shift, shining a light in his eyes does not cause the pupils to shrink as they normally would.
Treatment of midline shift might involve the patient using specialized prescription glasses. These glasses contain yoked prisms that affect the patient's visual perception, compensating for the shift's changes to the person's vision. Wearing the glasses, a person who suffers from this condition can once again balance and otherwise function normally. An optometrist might need to alter the glasses later as the person's condition changes, allowing them to continue operating without problems.
A neurosurgeon might decide to operate on a patient if the midline shift constitutes movement of about a fifth of an inch (five millimeters) or more. Such a dramatic shift of the brain constitutes a medical emergency since it threatens the patient's life. The surgeon might remove any growth, whether it is benign or malignant, that is causing the shift, or even remove part of the patient's skull if the brain is swelling, preventing permanent damage to the brain.
Intracranial Pressure (ICP) often goes hand-in-hand with midline shift. The causes of ICP include brain tumors, brain swelling or heart failure. Signs that a person is suffering from ICP might include unexplained vomiting, blurring at the edges of a person's field of vision and persistent back pain.
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Post 4
I had a ruptured brain aneurysm and a stroke in October of 2012. I have many problems with memory, my eyes, confusion and walking steady. I was diagnosed with a midline shift in July of 2013. Is it caused by the traumatic brain injury that I had or is my brain still swollen?
Post 3
I fell and hit my head on Labor Day weekend and was unconscious for 1 minute. I had a CT scan done with and without contrast. The CT images show no abnormality of the parenchymal density or enhancement. There is mass defect or midline shift. Impression unremarkable. Should I go for a second opinion?
Post 2
_USER_ - It sounds like they don't always bother to treat a midline shift directly though, but more often just treat the symptoms.
It's important to remember that we don't really have all the answers when it comes to the human brain and in some cases I guess it's just better to leave it alone and allow it to heal itself. Or, if that's no going to happen, to leave it alone so that we don't do anymore damage to it.
Post 1
If you've got the symptoms that they've described here, you should go to the hospital immediately, particularly if you've had a head injury.
I think it's all too often people just brush off the symptoms of head trauma as someone goofing off or just having a bad day.
But often these kinds of symptoms, like not being able to walk straight and having trouble with simple activities, are often signs of a stroke, or something like a midline shift and seconds can be critical.
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Thesis
Quantum illumination with gaussian states and detection
Creator
Rights statement
Awarding institution
 - University of Strathclyde
Date of award
 - 2023
Thesis identifier
 - T16776
Person Identifier (Local)
 - 201777153
Qualification Level
Qualification Name
Department, School or Faculty
Abstract
 - Quantum illumination is a technique that uses quantum states of radiation, often quantum entangled states, for object detection. Potential applications are in the development of quantum radar or quantum rangefinding devices. This thesis investigates quantum illumination theory with photodetection. Inclusion of detection, by first measuring the idler radiation mode that is entangled with another signal radiation mode, can condition the remaining signal mode into a nonclassical radiation state with a gain in signal energy. This can leads to results showing quantum signals increasing the likelihood of successful detection events of target-reflected signals, even in situations with low signal energy and a noisy background, compared to coherent state signals. The analysis uses the Gaussian quantum information framework, which models the statistical properties of the radiation states as Gaussian distributions in quantum phase space. Optimal measurement of object-reflected signals is presented via state discrimination theory, show that the entangled two-mode squeezed vacuum state is most effective at reducing the discrimination error between the reflected signal-plus- background noise vs. background noise alone, compared to using a classical coherent signal of the same energy or against all single-mode Gaussian states. But with a detection limited, sub-optimal measurement analysis of quantum illumination, there are certain regimes where a coherent state can outperform a two-mode squeezed vacuum in terms of raising signal detection probability. Finally, sequential detection results comparing performance of classical vs. quantum illumination were modelled by Monte Carlo simulations, in order to show estimated object presence or absence using conditional detection probabilities and Bayes' theorem.
Advisor / supervisor
 - Pritchard, Jonathan
 - Jeffers, John
Resource Type
DOI
Funder
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text:
- Science kit
- Real science for little hands
- Includes 10 double sided activity cards
- Includes beaker, magnifying glass, funnel, eyedropper, flask, tweezers, goodles, large 6″ test tube and stand, 2 small test tubes
- Activity guide included
Little mad scientists.
View larger This set includes everything you need to begin experimenting.
View larger Mix and match.
View larger Primary Science Lab Set The Primary Science Lab Set features real science tools perfectly sized for little hands. This colorful set entices children to experiment and explore, encouraging early hands-on science investigations at the kitchen table. Includes beaker, magnifying glass, funnel, test tubes and more, all made of durable plastic. Als
List Price: $ 29.99
Price: [wpramaprice asin="B0035EQDTU"]


Quick Answer: What Is The Role Of Mannitol And Phenol Red In MSA?
What does a red color symbolize in a MSA plate?
Bacteria growing on mannitol salt agar are positive for mannitol fermentation if the culture medium under their colonies is changed from its normal red color to yellow, indicating acidic growth products.
Bacteria unable to use mannitol usually change the medium to a magenta color in the vicinity of growth..
What Bacteria grows on MSA?
Does E coli grow on MSA?
(A) Staphylococcus aureus, (B) Staphylococcus epidermidis, and (C) Escherichia coli streaked on a mannitol salt agar plate. … The growth of E. coli was inhibited by the high salt concentration.
What is the application of MSA?
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is used as a selective and differential medium for the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical and non-clinical specimens. It encourages the growth of a group of certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others.
What does an MSA plate test for?
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is used to determine if the bacteria is halophilic (salt loving) and if the bacteria can ferment mannitol. If the bacteria is able to grow then it is a halophilic bacteria, due to it's ability to grow in a high salt environment.
Can gram negative bacteria grow on MSA?
The MSA agar will retain its initial red color and will not change to yellow. Gram-negative bacteria like E. coli and P. aeriginosa are not tolerant to salt (not halophilic) and will not grow colonies on MSA (see quadrants II and IV).
What is the role of phenol red in MSA?
If an organism can ferment mannitol, an acidic byproduct is formed that causes the phenol red in the agar to turn yellow. It is used for the selective isolation of presumptive pathogenic (pp) Staphylococcus species.
What ingredient makes MSA selective?
Mannitol salt agar is selective due to the presence of 7.5% sodium chloride (NaCl).
Would removal of sodium chloride from MSA?
Answer and Explanation: Yes, the removal of sodium chloride from MSA will alter the medium's sensitivity or specificity to a great extent.
How does the NaCl IN MSA kill organisms?
Provides the substrate for fermentation and makes the medium differential. What does the NaCl contained in MSA do? Makes the medium selective because its concentration is high enough to dehydrate and kill most bacteria. … Indicates whether fermentation has taken place by changing color as the pH changes.
What will turn MSA yellow?
What is the role of sodium chloride in MSA and how does it work?
Answer and Explanation: Sodium chloride is used in MSA to provide the essential fermentation substrate. It limits the growth of most organisms apart from bacteria in mixed…


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Have you ever been tempted to assume that families with the same surname were related because they lived near each other? Well, you might want to think again before making assumptions about family relationships based on proximity.
The 1850 Federal Census for Independence County, Arkansas illustrates this pitfall very well. There were no less than 64 individuals with the surname Reeves, Reaves, or Reves, living in 11 households in the predominately rural county in 1850. Four households consisted of descendants of Jordan Reeves Jr (born about 1773 in North Carolina), four of descendants of William Reeves (born 1766 in Grayson County Virginia), and three of descendants of Miles Reeves (born about 1760-70, birth state unknown).
For years, the descendants of Miles Reeves assumed that he was a son of Jordan Reeves Sr (born 1747 in North Carolina), based on very little evidence other than the migration of his sons between 1837 and 1846 to Independence County where Jordan Reeves Jr had moved in 1825. Because of this assumption, investigation of the origins of Miles Reeves languished.
DNA analysis ultimately proved that the sons of Miles Reeves were not related to Jordan Reeves. Likewise, the William Reeves descendants are not related to either Miles Reeves' or Jordan Reeves' lines. Descendants of Jordan Reeves have tested in DNA Group 8 in the Reeves DNA Project while descendants of William Reeves' brothers Jesse and John have tested in Group 6. A Miles Reeves descendant who had his DNA tested did not match anyone in the DNA project.
Documentary evidence supports the DNA findings. No connections among the three families have been found other than the fact that they all lived in the same county for several years.
Similar situations abound in Reeves genealogy. Though today the surname "Reeves" is the 358th most common surname in the US, it seems sometimes that Reeves were everywhere in colonial America.
If you are researching a Reeves line, consider finding male descendants to do the Y-DNA testing. It could help narrow your research to specific families. And you will find cousins you never knew you had.


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Using a Bayesian model to jointly estimate the flaw size distribution and the pod functionCenter for Nondestructive Evaluation Conference Papers, Posters and Presentations
Document TypeConference Proceeding
ConferenceReview of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation
AbstractIn this paper we extend previous work by the authors to jointly estimate the flaw size distribution and the POD function from simulated field inspection data. Similar to our previous work, we assume that when a crack is above a detection threshold, both the signal amplitude and the flaw size are recorded. For a signal that is above the noise floor, but below the detection threshold, only the amplitude is recorded. At all other locations we know only that the signal is below the noise floor, i.e. left censored. Now our model allows different airplanes to have different crack growth rates, and the distribution of crack growth rates is to be estimated from the data. To estimate the parameters of the model, we use a Bayesian formulation that provides a convenient structure for estimating the plane‐to‐plane differences. The Bayesian formulation also allows the use of prior information based on knowledge of physics or previous experience with similar inspection situations. For example, there may be useful information about crack growth rates and about the slope in the amplitude and crack size relationship. Use of such information can importantly improve estimation precision.
Copyright OwnerAmerican Institute of Physics
Citation InformationM. Li, William Q. Meeker and P. Hovey. "Using a Bayesian model to jointly estimate the flaw size distribution and the pod function" Kingston, RI(2009)
Available at: _URL_


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The Rotoclear Camera was specially developed for use in machines, processing centres and test beds where soiled glass interferes with the constant monitoring of work processes. The striking feature of this camera is a rotating window which ejects oil, cooling lubricant or chips, among other materials, to the outside so as to ensure a permanently clear view of the machining area. The system can be equipped with two camera heads (e.g., spindle and work area monitoring), each camera head can be fitted with two different focus modules or lenses.
Statement by the Jury
With its rotating window, this precision-made camera is a clever solution for capturing detailed images from the inside of tool machines.


How Sex Works
Travelling inside the human body, we explore what's really going on before, during and after sex
3 x 60' for BBC Three
This landmark series strips bare the science of sex and attraction like never before. Each episode is anchored in real human stories, as we follow selected characters on their own personal journeys. Their perspectives and experiences allow us to explore the science in an entertaining and involving way.
By travelling inside the human body we explore the physiological, neurological and psychological changes that happen before, during and after sex - and using Pioneer's trademark SFX, we illustrate the science of lust and the mechanics of sex itself. We learn how our bodies get ready for sex both physically and mentally, how the male and female orgasms work and what happens inside the body at the moment of conception itself.
Related Programmes


an n type semiconductor has majority charge carriers as the electrons then why is it said to be neutral and not negatively charged?
Asked by ABHINAV SHARMA | 19th Nov, 2012, 12:33: PM
Expert Answer:
If we see the lattice structure of n type semiconductors we can see that the original silicon atoms and also the doped ie, impurity atoms(pentavalent atoms)both are neutral.not ionised. but when impurity is added to the original semiconductor, then 4 out of the 5 valence electrons of the impurity atom get bonded with the 4 valence eletrons of the semiconductor.So one of the 5 outer most valence electrons of the impurity atom remains unpaired,ie, free to move. So in these n type semiconductors a number of such unpaired electrons are available for conduction.
We talk about these free electrons as majority charge carriers.
Answered by | 19th Nov, 2012, 02:36: PM


1 Joule/Meter² is equivalent to 8.805509184115E-05 Btu (IT)/foot²
Formula Used
1 Joule/Meter² = 0.00008805509184115 Btu (IT)/foot²
1 Joule/Meter² = 8.805509184115E-05 Btu (IT)/foot²
Convert Joule/Meter² to Btu (IT)/foot²
Heat Density finds its use in number of places right from education to industrial usage. Be it buying grocery or cooking, units play a vital role in our daily life; and hence their conversions. When you are converting Heat Density from Joule/Meter² to Btu (IT)/foot², you need a converter that is elaborate and still is easy to use. Encountering any problem to convert Joule/Meter² to Btu (IT)/foot²? This tool gives you the exact conversion of units. You can also get the formula used to convert Joule/Meter² to Btu (IT)/foot² along with a table representing the entire conversion.


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Does trazodone lower the seizure threshold? (5+ factors)
In this article, we will discuss whether trazodone can lower a seizure threshold or not. Furthermore, we'll explore the potential link between trazodone and seizures, what research suggests on this, factors contributing to increased seizure activity from trazodone, who is more at risk and how to manage and prevent seizures while taking trazodone.
Does trazodone lower the seizure threshold?
Yes, trazodone may be associated with lowering the seizure threshold. However, this is not a commonly reported side effect of trazodone but may occur rarely, especially at higher doses. (1)
Trazodone, an antidepressant, is approved by the FDA for treating patients with major depressive disorders. It may also be used off-label to promote sleep quality in people struggling with insomnia. It is classified as a serotonin modulator which exerts its effects by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain. This neurotransmitter is crucial for mood and sleep regulation among many other functions. (1)
Seizures are sudden and uncontrollable electrical activity more like a shock in the neurons of the brain that can be characterized by a variety of symptoms including changes in behaviour, jerks or abnormal body movements and partial or complete loss of consciousness. (2)
A lower seizure threshold may be referred to as a condition in which a person is more susceptible to experiencing seizures, such as the brain is more easily triggered into electrical shock (seizures) as compared to people with a higher seizure threshold. (2)
If you have a history of seizures or epilepsy or you're concerned about the potential for seizures while taking trazodone, it's advisable to consult a healthcare provider for further detailed guidance in this regard.
How does trazodone cause seizures?
The exact mechanism by which trazodone might cause seizures is not clearly understood and it is considered a relatively rare side effect. However, it is believed that while acting as a serotonin modulator, trazodone may influence the activity of other neurotransmitter systems and their imbalances and fluctuations may contribute to abnormal electrical activity in the brain called seizures. (1,3)
Trazodone is known to inhibit the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain leading to increased serotonin levels in the synpatic clefts. While serotonin is considered to have anticonvulsant properties, the sudden fluctuations in its levels and alterations in receptor activity, especially with higher doses of trazodone can sometimes cause pro-convulsant effects due to altered electrical activity in the brain. (3)
Trazodone is also associated with the blocking of alpha-adrenergic receptors which may play a crucial role in the control of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine. The alterations in the balance of these neurotransmitters can contribute to seizure activity. Other than this trazodone also tends to interact with histamine and dopamine and interactions with these chemicals, particularly at high doses may lead to the excitability of neurons producing convulsive shocks. (1)
What does research suggest?
According to a research study, the researchers performed a trial to determine if there's a connection between the use of antidepressants like trazodone and the risk of seizures or epilepsy. They observed the data of 238,963 people who were diagnosed with depression from age 20-64 years in the UK. (3)
During the first 5 years of tracking, the researchers found that around 0.37% of these people (878 individuals) developed epilepsy or experienced mild to moderate and even severe seizures. They further concluded that the risk of seizures is high equally with all types of antidepressants commonly prescribed among the population. According to reports the top 5 antidepressants with the highest risk of seizures in the first 5 years of this trial include trazodone (with 95% risk) among others. (3)
This study shows the high risk of developing epilepsy or seizures with the use of antidepressants, especially at higher doses for prolonged time.
What factors may increase seizure activity while using trazodone?
Certain factors may increase the likelihood of seizure activity in individuals using trazodone. These factors include: (4)
Higher doses of trazodone may increase the risk of seizure activities in a person compared to lower doses.
Some people may be more sensitive to experiencing epileptic seizures while using trazodone than others because of variations in their genetic makeup, personal or family history of seizures or other neurological conditions.
Trazodone can interact with certain medications, especially those affecting the levels of neurotransmitters that control the electrical activity of the brain, such interactions may lead to an increased risk of seizures. For example, certain SSRIs or SNRIs such as Celexa, Effexor, Prozac etc affect the levels of serotonin and may lead to seizures as a side effect in rare cases with high doses.
Alcohol and substance use:
The overconsumption of alcohol or using recreational drugs and other substances of abuse like cocaine, heroin, marijuana etc in excessive quantity can significantly lower the seizure threshold of a person and amplify the risk of seizures.
Underlying medical conditions:
If you have a pre-existing neurological condition like brain injury, tumor etc then the chances of experiencing seizures as a side effect of trazodone can be exacerbated.
If you have certain metabolic conditions or imbalances like low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia), insufficient electrolyte levels or dehydration, you may have a lower seizure threshold and may most likely experience it using high doses of trazodone.
If you try to stop the use of trazodone abruptly without gradually tapering it off, you may experience seizures as a withdrawal side effect of the medication.
Older people may be at more risk of experiencing seizures related to trazodone use because their body gets weak over time and most of the physiological functions decline with age, leading to a reduced seizure threshold.
How to manage and prevent seizures while using trazodone?
It's very crucial to maintain your overall physical and mental health while taking trazodone. Keep in touch with your healthcare provider and set up timely follow-up visits for frequent monitoring and evaluation of your health status. Stick to the recommended dosage regimen and don't alter the dose or time of your medication on your own, nor stop using it abruptly without informing your doctor to avoid withdrawal side effects including seizures. (1)
If you experience any unusual symptoms or seizure-like activity seek out immediate medical attention as time is crucial in this regard. Stay calm and if you are conscious enough note down the time when the seizure starts and how long it lasts. This information can be helpful to your doctor. If the seizures are determined to be related to trazodone use, your doctor might adjust the treatment plan or explore alternative medications with a better safety profile. (4)
You must ensure to always prioritize your safety and adopt some healthy lifestyle modifications that positively influence your treatment plan and overall health like regular physical exercises including running or cardio, practising techniques to manage your stress like yoga or meditation, eating nutrient-rich food and avoiding excessive drinking of alcohol and other substances that may increase the chances of side effects. (2)
As a pharmacist, in my opinion, trazodone is a well-tolerated antidepressant in most adult patients and not a lot of people with adjusted doses come up with complaints of seizures. It is a must to follow the prescribed dose and not prolong the treatment duration as suggested by your healthcare provider.
Was this helpful?
National Library of Medicine, MedlinePlus Drug Information, Seizures. [Internet] Available from: _URL_
Hill T, Coupland C, Morriss R, Arthur A, Moore M, Hippisley-Cox J. Antidepressant use and risk of epilepsy and seizures in people aged 20 to 64 years: cohort study using a primary care database. BMC Psychiatry. 2015 Dec 17;15:315. doi: 10.1186/s12888-_PHONE_-9. PMID: 26678837; PMCID: PMC4683813. Available from: _URL_


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The CONIX Center's research agenda is broad and ambitious, spanning architectures, components, services, security, and privacy, all of which combine into three demonstrator applications. The center's mission is to develop the architecture consisting of APIs and protocols that allow system designers to operate on all resources in a system in an abstract manner like that used by modern data centers. This requires an interdisciplinary and cross-cutting approach that extends from new programming paradigms at the top, all the way down to platforms that support in-network computation. To cope with dynamics and scale, the system needs to be sufficiently autonomous using machine learning and cognitive approaches to build resilience and to self-optimize.
JUMP e-Workshop: "Towards Capturing Reality: Scenes and 3D People" presented by Angjoo Kanazawa (Berkeley)
10.12.22 ‐ 10.13.22
CONIX Fifth Annual Review (CMU)
JUMP e-Workshop: "Accelerating Input-Dependent Stream Processing by FPGA" presented by James Hoe (CMU)
JUMP e-Workshop: "Enabling a Rich and Trustworthy Nexus of AI and IoT" presented by Mani Srivastava (UCLA)
JUMP e-Workshop: "Buildings as a Platform for Human-Centered Services" presented by Rajesh Gupta (UCSD)


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Bumps and bruises
Part of growing up
Minor cuts, bumps and bruises are a normal part of growing up. Allowing your child to explore the world around them (with supervision) helps them develop and learn. Most of your toddler's bumps will require no more than a cuddle to make them better. You will quickly be able to tell by the noise of the bang, the reaction of your child and the colour of the area affected, which are the more serious bumps.
If it looks like the bump may swell then use a cold flannel (soaking the cloth with cold water) or ice pack (but don't put ice directly onto the skin) to help reduce swelling and to cool the area for at least a few minutes.
If your child has had a bump to the head and it looks serious or symptoms worsen call NHS Direct. See the information under the head injury section for advice.
If your child is under a year old and has a bump on the head get advice from a doctor.
One of the signs of a severe head injury is being unusually sleepy; this does not mean you cannot let your child sleep.
You need to get medical attention if:
- They are vomiting and have vomited more than twice.
- They are complaining it hurts.
- They are not responding at all.
If they are tired from what's happened, or from crying, then it is fine to let them sleep. If you are worried in any way about their drowsiness, then you should wake your child an hour after they go to sleep.
Check that they are okay and that they are responding normally throughout the night.
Keeping them safe
Being a toddler means they are discovering the world around them. This can result in bumps and bruises. It is almost impossible to prevent every accident although there are things we can do at home which might help.
Think about safety gates, corner cushions for sharp furniture, cupboard locks, fireguards, window locks and non-slip bath mats.
My child has had quite a hard bump to the head. I have used a cold flannel on the bump.
They are tired. They have gone to sleep. This is normal after an upset.
Make sure your child is supervised. Check regularly that they are okay and behaving as usual.
If you are still worried, contact your own surgery. If you cannot get help straight away go to the Accident and Emergency Department.


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Decoloration of Methylene Blue Via Mesoporous Silica Microspheres Doped with TiO2
Mesoporous silica microsphere was prepared by microwave hydrothermal synthesis，using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as template agent and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica source. And mesoporous silica microspheres doped with TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. Then methylene blue decoloration test was investigated to verify the mechanism proposed elsewhere, with respect to concentration, amount of samples, pH and light illumination. Results indicate that low concentration, large amounts of samples, alkaline and UV illumination are more favorable to adsorption, and TiO2/MSM has higher decoloration rate than MSM.
Zhong Cao, Yinghe He, Lixian Sun and Xueqiang Cao
H. J. Wei et al., "Decoloration of Methylene Blue Via Mesoporous Silica Microspheres Doped with TiO2", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 236-238, pp. 2166-2171, 2011


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In today's rapidly evolving world, embracing exponential growth can be the key to success.
To harness this growth, two crucial elements must be considered:
- a rapidly growing vehicle or industry, and
- time for compounding magic to work its wonders.
In this article, I'll delve into exponential growth, 🚀 discuss how to identify promising opportunities and explore the role of time in achieving success.
The Power of Exponential Growth
Exponential growth can lead to massive gains over time, particularly when applied to investments in high-growth industries.
For example, a $10,000 investment that grows at a 50% annual rate over a 10-year period can achieve the following results:
|Investment Value ($)
While it may seem challenging to achieve such a high rate of annual growth, many industries and opportunities offer such potential, particularly in the technology and innovation sectors.
📈 Recommended: Millionaire Math for Programmers
Identifying High-Growth Opportunities
A plethora of opportunities exists for those seeking high-growth investments. Some of the most promising industries and vehicles include:
- Cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin and Ethereum have shown remarkable growth in recent years, with annual growth rates often exceeding 50%.
- Smart Contract Development: As blockchain technology continues to evolve, smart contracts are becoming an essential component of various industries, driving demand and growth.
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI's application in various sectors, from healthcare to finance, makes it a high-growth industry.
- Robotics: The increasing adoption of robotics in manufacturing, logistics, and other fields presents a significant growth opportunity.
- Self-Driving Cars: As autonomous vehicle technology matures, investments in self-driving cars are poised to deliver exponential growth.
- Solar Energy: With the global focus on renewable energy sources, the solar industry is experiencing rapid growth.
- Biotech/Precision Fermentation: Advancements in biotechnology and precision fermentation are revolutionizing food production, medicine, and other industries, offering substantial growth potential.
Besides these high-growth industries, small businesses can also achieve exponential growth by starting with a modest base and strategically scaling operations.
The Role of Time
Time is an essential factor in harnessing exponential growth. As life progresses, the time available to invest and achieve growth becomes increasingly precious.
Maximizing the time spent on personal and professional development can be highly beneficial, especially in the context of high-growth opportunities.
One example of leveraging time effectively is learning new skills that align with high-growth industries, such as coding or data analysis. By investing time in acquiring valuable skills, individuals can capitalize on the exponential growth of these sectors and improve their own success.
Fear not, though! Reading the newest Finxter blog tutorial from Charles can literally add up to 10 years to your life:
Time is a precious resource, and our life clocks keep ticking. Tick. Tock. Tick. Tock. 🕧
No kidding. I think it's one of the best articles ever published on the Finxter blog, with unique insights into coding and health.
Freelancing: The Future of Work
As technology continues to advance, freelancing is becoming an increasingly popular and efficient way of organizing the world's talent. Freelancers can offer their expertise to multiple businesses, diversifying their income and avoiding the constraints of traditional employment.
You can expand a small business by hundreds of percentage points per year, starting with a modest base (like the $10k mentioned earlier).
In the Finxter freelancer course I show exactly how to grow an online coding business, and even with the rise of ChatGPT, nothing has changed. Freelancing will be the prominent way of organizing the world's talents. It simply is more efficient.
Why should a single company monopolize a skilled professional's time? Why not share that expertise with other businesses and sell your time in smaller units to a diversified set of companies?
Plus, most people prefer being their own boss and managing their own time.
This email was initially written in my free email academy for exponential technologies and programming. You can join for free here:
📈 Email Academy (100% Free): _URL_
Jean is a tech enthusiast with a love for AI and machine learning innovations, particularly LLMs. Beyond contributing insightful articles to our blog, Jean has worked as a Python, Rust, and Go coder for one of the leading tech firms in the world.


You asked: What is AutoCAD ISO?
What does ISO mean in drawings?
Engineering drawing abbreviations and symbols
Abbreviation or symbol Definition
ISO International Organization for Standardization
J
JIS Japan Industrial Standard
K
How do you enter isometric mode in AutoCAD?
How do you enter isometric mode in AutoCAD?
 1. Click Tools menu > Drafting Settings.
 2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap and Grid tab, under Snap Type, select Isometric Snap.
 3. Click Drafting tab > Draw panel > Ellipse drop-down.
 4. Enter i (Isocircle).
 5. Specify the center of the isocircle.
How do I get out of isometric view in AutoCAD?
Tip: You can quickly cycle through the isometric planes by pressing Ctrl+E or F5. The following prompts are displayed. Turns off isometric drafting.
What is ISO short for?
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies.
Which is the latest version of AutoCAD?
History
Official name Version Date of release
AutoCAD 2018 22.0 2017, March 21
AutoCAD 2019 23.0 2018, March 22
AutoCAD 2020 23.1 2019, March 27
AutoCAD 2021 24.0 2020, March 25
What is Isoplane in AutoCAD?
AutoCAD has a command called ISOPLANE which allows you to easily draw at a 30 degree angle as needed for an isometric drawing. You can switch between the three 'isoplanes' (top, right, left) by using this command or by pressing the F5 key.
IT IS INTERESTING: Frequent question: How do I delete multiple layouts in Civil 3d?
How do Layers work in AutoCAD?
Create a Layer
 1. In the Layer Properties Manager, click New Layer. …
 2. Enter a new layer name by typing over the highlighted layer name. …
 3. For complex drawings with many layers, enter descriptive text in the Description column.
 4. Specify the settings and default properties of the new layer by clicking in each column.
How do I enable Isodraft in AutoCAD?
How do I enable Isoplane in AutoCAD? You can now select isometric plane for your drawing by pressing the F5 key. The three Isoplanes available for selection are Isoplane top, right and left. Press F5 key to activate Isoplane top and then select line command and click anywhere in the drawing area to start your line.
What is isometric drafting AutoCAD?
An AutoCAD isometric drawing is a 2 dimensional drawing just like a paper drawing. AutoCAD provides some tools to aid us in creating the drawing, but not very many. Mostly, we will be using the same commands that we used in creating orthographic drawings.
All about design


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CEGE alumna helps our students with their professional skills
8 June 2021
Students on Design and Professional Skills II (CEGE0088) gained real world experience in Building Information Modelling (BIM), thanks to an innovative new collaboration with Multiplex.
Dr James Ford asked Multiplex Head of Digital Tom Loader to partner on a digital construction project, giving students on the module Design and Professional Skills II (CEGE0088) invaluable skills for their future careers through this industry collaboration.
James said: "We were aware that there wasn't a lot of digital engineering on our course, or much about BIM. This project fills that gap by giving the students hands-on experience of digital construction and the role of data in engineering. We want to prepare students for the workplace by mimicking professional practice as closely as possible, which is why the collaboration with Multiplex is so important. The industry is changing quickly and to have industry expertise from people who are working with these technologies day in and day out is really beneficial."
The 3D model the students worked with is based on a refugee camp emergency shelter that has been designed by UCL Civil Engineering graduate Sophie Collier (MEng 2018). We asked Sophie a few questions about her involvement with this exciting collaboration.
- How did you get involved in this project?
The NECTO house is an emergency shelter design which I originally developed as part of my final year Integrated Design Project in the CEGE department at UCL. I was working as part of a team with the brief to design a refugee camp to house 50,000 refugees within 6 months, and I developed the NECTO house design in response to the deteriorating living conditions typical of refugee camps and the negative economic and environmental impacts of temporary housing worldwide. The design is a sustainable, rapidly deployable shelter which can be built by unskilled workers, designed to be adapted over time to meet the long-term needs of inhabitants. When James Ford began planning the new BIM project, he got in touch to ask if it could be based around the NECTO house. This gave the students a relatively simple building model to work with, within a challenging design context. I worked together with James and Multiplex to plan and deliver the project.
- What skills does this give students?
Multiplex built a BIM model of the NECTO house in REVIT (BIM software) which the students manipulated and added to, giving them first-hand experience of using BIM as a powerful tool for organising and communicating information.
I think the benefit of using the NECTO house as the basis of the project was that, as well as gaining technical skills about how to use BIM, the students also had the opportunity to engage with the emergency housing crisis, one of the biggest challenges facing the world today.
Instead of just considering construction sequence, maintenance, and material choices in isolation, the students were encouraged to put this into context and to come up with solutions within the constraints of limited funds, rapid construction by an unskilled workforce, and minimising the environmental impact.
The students then had to think about how to communicate the right information to the different stakeholders in an accessible way, from demonstrating the construction methodology to a workforce with a low literacy rate, to presenting a cost plan to the client.
For me, making design decisions that can have a positive impact on the world is what inspires me to continue pursuing a career in engineering. It was great to see the students engaging with some of these ideas in this project, and hopefully they might be inspired to take this approach onwards into their careers!
- How did your degree help prepare you for your current role?
I am now working as a Structural Engineer at Elliott Wood, a structural and civil engineering consultancy with a major focus on 'engineering a better society' by reducing the carbon footprint of the construction industry and working to improve the societal impact of the built environment.
I think studying at CEGE UCL was invaluable for me because I was encouraged to think not just about the technical challenges of a given problem, but also to engage with the wider context and impact of design decisions. The focus on project-based learning gave me the opportunity to engage directly with challenging design problems and to innovate as part of a team to find solutions.


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Bridge of Allan is a small town situated in the Stirling council area in Scotland. It is located in the northern part of Stirling. It lies on the banks of the Allan Water, a tributary of the River Forth. The administration formerly was under the control of the Central Regional Council.
The local people here are known as the Maeatae and the religion followed here is Christianity. Bridge of Allan is a very densely populated residential town with a population of about 4800. Hundreds of visitors often visit Bridge of Allan, to enjoy the sheltered climate. The climate here is often good with mild drizzles in afternoons and early evenings.
The town receives low to moderate rainfall in the month of September and October. The Bridge of Allan Spa received 1,000 gallons of mineral water daily in around 1820 that accommodated 30,000 visitors a year. It is thus a good place for agriculture because of the availability of water.
Your contribution can be useful for other tourists
More Travel Guides in United Kingdom:
More information United Kingdom:
One of the council area of Scotland is a peninsula called as Fife. It is bordered by the Firth of Forth towards the south, by the North Sea towards the east and by the Firth of Tay...
On the east coast of Scotland in Fife, Kirkcaldy is a town. It is bounded by Glenrothes towards the north, Edinburgh towards the south, Leven towards the east and Dunfermline...


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Does anyone know what this is using port 1433 for?
Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00: Not-ECT (Not ECN-Capable Transport)) Total Length: 732 Identification: 0x0599 (1433)
asked 26 Jun '12, 13:06
The Identification field is simply a unique ID applied to each packet a host sends on a particular connection. It is generally only useful if a packet needs to fragmented (say by a router) - each fragment will retain the original Identification. It allows the receiving host to know how to reassemble the fragments.
It doesn't have anything to do with DiffServ (it appears after it), and doesn't tell you anything about the port or protocol that the packet is associated with.
answered 27 Jun '12, 03:44


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How Many Moves Do Chess Players Think Ahead?
Most people know that chess depends upon players being able to think ahead and predict their opponent's moves to win, but how many moves can chess players actually think ahead? As with any sport, chess players of greater skill have been shown to possess the ability to think many moves ahead, sometimes up to a dozen or more. However, in most cases, even chess grandmasters tend to think ahead in smaller intervals to keep the game from getting too complex. Here, we will look at how many moves the average chess player thinks ahead and how higher-ranking players think.
How Many Moves Do Average Chess Players Think Ahead?
The standard for what makes a novice chess player is usually determined by the Elo Rating System. This numerical scale ranks chess players based on skill, running from 1000 for beginners to over 2500 for grandmasters. A novice chess player usually falls within the five lower classes of the Elo System, Classes A to E, which starts with Class E (_PHONE_) at the low end and ends with Class A (_PHONE_) at the high end.
Novice to average chess players are often known for their ability to see anywhere from one to three moves ahead in a chess game. True beginners at the game often do not yet have the skills to see ahead at all, but once players begin to pick up skills like understanding the structure of the board, the movements of the pieces, and how to perform captures, they will begin to see how their opponent strategizes, and begin to predict moves and develop plans.
Most average chess players retain the ability to see one to three moves ahead in a game, even if they have played chess for many years. This is mostly because thinking ahead requires a lot of meticulous skill. Many average chess players, including most normal people, do not have the unique vision of the few natural chess masters in the world.
How Many Moves Do Master Chess Players Think Ahead?
In contrast to average chess players, master chess players, such as Candidate Masters, International Masters, and Grandmasters, can see many moves ahead in chess. Some grandmasters are reputed to be able to see anywhere from 15 to 20 moves ahead in a given game. Some chess legends suggest that grandmasters can see even further ahead, sometimes 25 to 30 moves, but this is often considered a myth, and even though many grandmasters can see more than a dozen moves ahead, most do not choose to do so very often.
The most common method of seeing ahead for grandmasters and other skilled chess players is to analyze various potential strategies an opponent may employ. Rather than looking at one strategy and following it for 15 or more moves, most grandmasters will think deeply about three or four potential plans an opponent may try to enact, predicting the next few moves for each strategy. The master will then predict which of those strategies their opponent is most likely to choose and make their move based on countering that strategy. In general, this is a more effective means of winning because it does not merely focus on one potential outcome but on many.
How Do You Learn to Think Ahead in Chess?
When looking at a chessboard or when seeing two skilled chess players face off against each other, many average players may feel discouraged, thinking that they could not possibly learn how to think ahead like a chess master. While it is very difficult to cultivate this skill, it is certainly not impossible. Learning how to think ahead in chess rests upon understanding how thinking ahead actually works, and then practicing it extensively.
In basic terms, thinking ahead in chess simply involves a player looking at the entirety of the chessboard, visualizing themselves making a certain move, and then calculating how their opponent would best respond to it. The key aspect of thinking ahead in chess is being aware of where all of your opponent's pieces are and knowing how they can move. For instance, one might see on a chessboard that an opponent's knight is available for capture by their queen, but then also notice that the opponent's queen is in a position to attack the square where the knight currently is. In such a case, the player would be thinking ahead by not capturing the opponent's knight, as they know that this will cause them to put their queen, a much more valuable piece, in danger.
There are many good ways to begin practicing thinking ahead in chess. One such method is correspondence chess, where two players engage in a match by mail, sending their moves back and forth to each other, which gives each player a lot of time to think and strategize. Another method is to memorize the squares on the board with memorization exercises, which will help aid in visualization. A final method is to take online or in-person chess lessons, practice chess puzzles on the Internet, and simply play as many games of chess as possible.
Looking ahead for possible moves is one of the fundamental aspects of a game of chess. Players who can master this ability and improve it to the point of seeing many moves ahead can often see great improvements in their quality of play, and the fostering of these mental skills is also beneficial to one's mental strength in other areas of life.


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Alona Fyshe - Finding Language (and Language Learning) in the Brain
From Katie Gentilello
Understanding a native language is near effortless for fluent adults. But learning a new language takes dedication and hard word. In this talk, I will describe an experiment during which adult participants learned a new (artificial) language through a reinforcement learning paradigm while we collected EEG (Electroencephalography) data. We found that 1) we could detect a reward positivity (an EEG signal correlated with a participant receiving positive feedback) when participants correctly identified a symbol's meaning, and 2) the reward positivity diminishes for subsequent correct trials. Using a machine learning approach, we found that 3) we could detect neural correlates of word meaning as the mapping from native to new language is learned; and 4) the localization of the neural representations is heavily distributed throughout the brain. Together this is evidence that learning can be detected in the brain using EEG, and that the contents of a newly learned concept can be detected.


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A cow/goat/donkey is tethered to a building/fence/post in a field...Answers to a number of similar questions can be found in the Dr. Math archives (see below for a list). We'll show you a few of them and we encourage you to explore the others.
From: Doctor Anthony
This problem comes up from time to time in the guise of the length of the rope required to tether a goat (instead of a donkey) on the boundary of a circular field such that the goat can eat exactly half the grass in the field.
Here is a diagram to refer to while we go through the working:
Draw a circle with suitable radius r.
Now take a point C on the circumference and with a slightly larger radius R draw an arc of a circle to cut the first circle in points A and B. Join AC and BC.
Let O be the centre of the first circle of radius r. Let angle OCA = x (radians). This will also be equal to angle OCB.
The area we require is made up of a sector of a circle radius R with angle 2x at the centre, C, of this circle, plus two small segments of the first circle of radius r cut off by the chords AC and BC.
The area of the sector of circle R is (1/2)R^2*2x = R^2*x
The area of the two segments
= r^2[pi - 2x - sin(2x)]
We add the two elements of area and equate to (1/2)pi*r^2
4x*cos^2(x) + pi - 2x - sin(2x) = (1/2)pi
4x*cos^2(x) + (1/2)pi - 2x - sin(2x) = 0
Newton-Raphson is a suitable method for solving this equation, using a starting value for x at about 0.7 radians.
The solution I get is x = 0.95284786466 and from this cos(x) = 0.579364236509
and so finally R/r = 2cos(x) = 1._PHONE_
From: Dr. Ken
I have made a sketch of this problem using The Geometer's Sketchpad:
Basically, the shape of the grazing area is circular with a little chunk out of it. In my drawing, the barn looks like this:
COW / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ____________/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |____________|With this setup, the chunk that's missing from the grazing circle is in the lower lefthand corner. The right half of the grazing area, then, is just the area of the semicircle, which is 1250. To find the area of the remaining grazing area (including the area of the barn, which you subtract later), you use integration.
Do you see how the grazing area in the lower lefthand corner is the intersection of two circles? You need to find that intersection point, integrate to find the area of the grazing area to the left of the intersection point, and then do the same to the area to the right of the intersection point.
From: Dr. Peterson
Let's say that the cow is x feet from one end of the longer wall of the barn and y = 20-x feet from the other:
The heavy curve in the figure shows the maximum extent of the cow's range, which consists of several arcs of circles. First there is an arc of radius 50 centered at the tether point P; then when the rope wraps around either corner of the barn, it follows an arc of 50-x or 50-y feet respectively, centered at that corner (A or D); when it wraps around another corner (B or C) the radius becomes 50-x-10 or 50-y-10 respectively.
We don't need to worry about all these arcs, because the last few overlap and do not add any area to the region that can be grazed. (You'll have to be careful to determine which arcs intersect for a given location of P.) The total area consists of:
So how do we find where the circles intersect? Applying the Law of Cosines to triangle BQD, we can find angles BDQ and DBQ; and since we know angles ADB and ABD, we can determine the angles we need for the two sectors. There's some work left to do, but it's all doable, and it will be easier if x is a constant rather than a variable.
Finally, if the rope is short enough (less than half the perimeter of the barn), the problem simplifies immensely. With no overlap to consider, the area is merely the sum of halfand quarter-circles:
More from the Dr. Math archives:
Math Forum Home || Math Library || Quick Reference || Math Forum Search


_date(@article.published_at)}"

 # spec/views/articles/show.html.haml_spec.rb
 describe 'articles/show.html.html' do
 it 'displays the formatted date of article publishing'
 article = mock_model(Article, published_at: Date.new(2012, 01, 01))
 assign(:article, article)

 template.stub(:formatted_date).with(article.published_at).and_return '01.01.2012'

 render
 rendered.should have_content('Published at: 01.01.2012')
 end
 end

 - The helpers specs are separated from the view specs in the spec/helpers directory.
Controllers
 - Mock the models and stub their methods. Testing the controller should not depend on the model creation.
 - Test only the behaviour the controller should be responsible about:
 - Execution of particular methods
 - Data returned from the action - assigns, etc.
 - Result from the action - template render, redirect, etc.
 # Example of a commonly used controller spec
 # spec/controllers/articles_controller_spec.rb
 # We are interested only in the actions the controller should perform
 # So we are mocking the model creation and stubbing its methods
 # And we concentrate only on the things the controller should do

 describe ArticlesController do
 # The model will be used in the specs for all methods of the controller
 let(:article) { mock_model(Article) }

 describe 'POST create' do
 before { Article.stub(:new).and_return(article) }

 it 'creates a new article with the given attributes' do
 Article.should_receive(:new).with(title: 'The New Article Title').and_return(article)
 post :create, message: { title: 'The New Article Title' }
 end

 it 'saves the article' do
 article.should_receive(:save)
 post :create
 end

 it 'redirects to the Articles index' do
 article.stub(:save)
 post :create
 response.should redirect_to(action: 'index')
 end
 end
 end

 - Use context when the controller action has different behaviour depending on the received params.
 # A classic example for use of contexts in a controller spec is creation or update when the object saves successfully or not.

 describe ArticlesController do
 let(:article) { mock_model(Article) }

 describe 'POST create' do
 before { Article.stub(:new).and_return(article) }

 it 'creates a new article with the given attributes' do
 Article.should_receive(:new).with(title: 'The New Article Title').and_return(article)
 post :create, article: { title: 'The New Article Title' }
 end

 it 'saves the article' do
 article.should_receive(:save)
 post :create
 end

 context 'when the article saves successfully' do
 before { article.stub(:save).and_return(true) }

 it 'sets a flash[:notice] message' do
 post :create
 flash[:notice].should eq('The article was saved successfully.')
 end

 it 'redirects to the Articles index' do
 post :create
 response.should redirect_to(action: 'index')
 end
 end

 context 'when the article fails to save' do
 before { article.stub(:save).and_return(false) }

 it 'assigns @article' do
 post :create
 assigns[:article].should be_eql(article)
 end

 it 're-renders the "new" template' do
 post :create
 response.should render_template('new')
 end
 end
 end
 end

Models
 - Do not mock the models in their own specs.
 - Use fabrication to make real objects.
 - It is acceptable to mock other models or child objects.
 - Create the model for all examples in the spec to avoid duplication.
 describe Article
 let(:article) { Fabricate(:article) }
 end

 - Add an example ensuring that the fabricated model is valid.
 describe Article
 it 'is valid with valid attributes' do
 article.should be_valid
 end
 end

 - Add a separate describe for each attribute which has validations.
 describe Article
 describe '#title'
 it 'is required' do
 article.title = nil
 article.should_not be_valid
 end
 end
 end

 - When testing uniqueness of a model attribute, name the other object another_object.
 describe Article
 describe '#title'
 it 'is unique' do
 another_article = Fabricate.build(:article, title: article.title)
 another_article.should_not be_valid
 end
 end
 end

Mailers
 - The model in the mailer spec should be mocked. The mailer should not depend on the model creation.
 - The mailer spec should verify that:
 - the subject is correct
 - the receiver e-mail is correct
 - the e-mail is sent to the right e-mail address
 - the e-mail contains the required information
 describe SubscriberMailer
 let(:subscriber) { mock_model(Subscription, email: '_EMAIL_', name: 'John Doe') }

 describe 'successful registration email'
 subject { SubscriptionMailer.successful_registration_email(subscriber) }

 its(:subject) { should == 'Successful Registration!' }
 its(:from) { should == ['_EMAIL_'] }
 its(:to) { should == [subscriber.email] }

 it 'contains the subscriber name' do
 subject.body.encoded.should match(subscriber.name)
 end
 end
 end

Uploaders
 - What we can test about an uploader is whether the images are resized correctly. Here is a sample spec of a carrierwave image uploader:
 # rspec/uploaders/person_avatar_uploader_spec.rb
 require 'spec_helper'
 require 'carrierwave/test/matchers'

 describe PersonAvatarUploader do
 include CarrierWave::Test::Matchers

 # Enable images processing before executing the examples
 before(:all) do
 UserAvatarUploader.enable_processing = true
 end

 # Create a new uploader. The model is mocked as the uploading and resizing images does not depend on the model creation.
 before(:each) do
 @uploader = PersonAvatarUploader.new(mock_model(Person).as_null_object)
 @uploader.store!(File.open(path_to_file))
 end

 # Disable images processing after executing the examples
 after(:all) do
 UserAvatarUploader.enable_processing = false
 end

 # Testing whether image is no larger than given dimensions
 context 'the default version' do
 it 'scales down an image to be no larger than 256 by 256 pixels' do
 @uploader.should be_no_larger_than(256, 256)
 end
 end

 # Testing whether image has the exact dimensions
 context 'the thumb version' do
 it 'scales down an image to be exactly 64 by 64 pixels' do
 @uploader.thumb.should have_dimensions(64, 64)
 end
 end
 end

Further Reading
There are a few excellent resources on Rails style, that you should consider if you have time to spare:
Contributing
Nothing written in this guide is set in stone. It's my desire to work together with everyone interested in Rails coding style, so that we could ultimately create a resource that will be beneficial to the entire Ruby community.
Feel free to open tickets or send pull requests with improvements. Thanks in advance for your help!
Spread the Word
A community-driven style guide is of little use to a community that doesn't know about its existence. Tweet about the guide, share it with your friends and colleagues. Every comment, suggestion or opinion we get makes the guide just a little bit better. And we want to have the best possible guide, don't we?
Something went wrong with that request. Please try again.


Negative energy
 1. can a matter have negative energy?
 or more appropriately what makes some energy as negative?
 2. jcsd
 3. It just depends on what your reference point is. For example, as it is convention to have gravitational potential energy at an infinite distance away to be 0 joules, our calculations show GPE to be negative.
 4. isn't that anything that has positive mass have positive energy?
 i am not certain on that
 5. ZapperZ
 ZapperZ 30,451
 Staff Emeritus
 Science Advisor
 Education Advisor
 I think you need to step back and learn a bit more on classical mechanics.
 One can easily see that, for example, in attractive energies (example: gravitational potential), it is DEFINED that zero is at infinity, and that the gravitational potential well is defined as being negative!
 The same can be said about the potential that an electron has in an atom (look at the potential energy term in the Schrodinger equation).
 So you need to learn a bit more of what we mean by negative energy, and why it is rather arbitrary in some sense.
 6. Bill_K
 Bill_K 4,157
 Science Advisor
 nouveau_riche, You are absolutely correct, and this is not a trivial issue, as several responses have implied. It's true that in Newtonian physics the zero point of energy is arbitrary. You can define it to be the energy that a particle has as infinity, or you can define it to be the energy it has at the Earth's surface, as you like. But in relativity this is not the case. In relativity the zero point of energy is absolute. A particle's gravitational potential energy is negative but can never exceed its rest mass, and so the sum is always positive.
 The statement you made, "anything that has positive mass must have positive energy" is known as the Positive Energy Theorem or Positive Mass Conjecture, and has been proved under rather general assumptions. See the Wikipedia article, or google Positive Energy Theorem and you will find many references to it.
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The best and quickest discussions of a scientific paper now sometimes happen in science blogs rather than in the peer-reviewed literature. Whereas we have a number of scholarly databases that track citations between papers, we don't have the same tools for science blogs. Following all science blogs manually has simply become impossible (unless your first name is Bora). This makes it difficult to find all blog posts about a particular paper - either for proper discussion of an article or for doing automated article-level metrics.
Aggregation can help solve this problem. ResearchBlogging aggregates blog posts about peer-reviewed research. ScienceSeeker aggregates all science blog posts (currently aggregating over 400 blogs) and was announced in February. Nature Blogs also aggregates science blogs, but doesn't seem to be up-to-date.
Microformats are an alternative – but of course complimentary – strategy. Microformats are small snippets of HTML that represent commonly published things. A good example is Rel-License, a microformat indicating licensed content:
cc by 2.0
In February Google launched a new Recipe view feature based on the hRecipe microformat, demonstrating how microformats can help discovering content. There is currently no standard microformat for scholarly citations. The simplest format would again use the rel tag – together with the Citation Typing Ontology (CiTO):
this paper
There are more than 20 CiTO tags for describing what we think about a particular paper or science blog post – many science bloggers would probably have used cito:critiques for the above paper. I suggest cito:discusses as the standard CiTO relationship for most papers and blog posts. You can add this tag manually, or use a tool such as the Link to Link WordPress plugin (I added cito:discusses to version 1.1.2).


Spiritual Power Words: Consequence
The Mundane Meaning of Consequence
Consequence is defined as "something produced by a cause or necessarily following from a set of conditions". We face natural, logical, and unintended consequences every day. But what does it mean to understand the spiritual meaning of "consequence"?
The Spiritual in Consequences
"We are free to choose our paths, but we can't choose the consequences that come with them." (Sean Covey, The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Teens) and "We all make choices, but in the end, our choices make us." (Ken Levine, Game Developer). Seeing life through a spiritual lens means seeing the string of consequences that connect to make us how and who we are.
Natural consequences flow in expected ways because of the laws of nature and the science of life. If I choose to train my body to be stronger by lifting weights, then picking up heavier and heavier objects over the course of my training will be a natural and logical consequence. Being sought after to play on my high school football team by the coach who notices me at the gym would be an unintended consequence.
To be spiritual with this concept means addressing consequences as purposeful lessons that may easily span this lifetime as well as previous ones. Opening the mind to past lives opens us to dealing with consequences that may have a mundane explanation but crucial spiritual implications.
Spiritual Consequence in Mundane Explanations
Let me share a personal story to illustrate my point. I am adopted. My adoption was a consequence of my birth mother getting pregnant at a young age in a time when abortion was not legal (1968). She was from a family of means, so her pregnancy was managed by sending her to a "boarding school" where she could have me and put me up for adoption, leaving no "stain" on the family.
My adopting mother could not have children, so foster care or adoption were her only options. As a consequence of her infertility, she and my adoptive father had to pursue adoption to become parents. These two consequences merged in May of 1968 after my birth in April and I was adopted. My adoption was a blessing for me and resulted in a very positive and wonderful childhood, and largely successful life.
Through my life journey, and my professional practice, I have come to learn that my very positive childhood is much rarer than I presumed. With a spiritual view and many past life regressions, I have come to understand that my good life in this lifetime is a consequence of some very harsh past lives where I attempted to do my best for others but suffered greatly. While my adoption was the result of certain choices leading to certain consequences, my adoption by the people who gave me such a good life and tremendous love was a consequence of my soul's spiritual work and journey.
Navigating Negative Consequences to Grow the Soul
I meet clients at very hard times in their lives, when they are dealing with some very negative consequences because of unwise choices – trapped in a loveless or even abusive relationship, struggling with unsatisfying work, or dealing with loneliness and apathy. They are a mix of consequences of their own making and being caught in the wake of choices made by others. Much of the work we address is facing the consequences that brought them to their intersection with spiritual work as a way to address the consequences of their lives.
When we do not face the consequences of our choices, or we are not held accountable, not only do we suffer, but so does the world in both small and large ways. When we allow the consequences of other's actions to define us long after we become strong or aware enough to challenge those consequences, we fail to grow spiritually. Our soul atrophies. When we become conscious of the path of consequences in our lives, we can make more informed choices to lead to better and better consequences.
I have always been a helpful person, which I understand to be a quality of my soul and a consequence of my adoption, as I chose to understand it and interpret it through my youth and early adulthood. Being adopted, for me, was filled with a profound gratitude that made me willing to help others as a "payment" for the gift of my adoption, but I did not establish healthy boundaries to protect my spirit and psyche, causing me to have a breakdown in 2009, a consequence of me always saying yes to others even when I did not have energy for myself.
Shaping Consequences
After my breakdown, which lasted nearly four years, I learned from the consequences that brought me to the lowest place I have been in my life. Some were part of this lifetime and some were part of past lifetimes. I had to face the consequences of my choices as well as the consequences of the choices of people around me who affected my life. In a few cases, one of the epiphanies was to move certain people out of my life so I would not be swept up in the consequences of their decisions.
Ironically, I began to emerge out of my breakdown period when I started my spiritual advising practice in 2013. In the years that followed, I worked very hard to understand my purpose, which with each passing day of better understanding and practice, I began to see better and better consequences in my life – natural, logical, and unintended.
There Are No Shortcuts
Consequences exist to teach us. Whether we learn or not is often a matter of intelligence, awareness, and willingness. There is often a surprisingly fine line between blame and cause, between excuses and reasons, between victimhood and empowerment. At the spiritual level, there are actually no unintended consequences. This claim is not about fate, but about lessons. An unintended consequence is simply a natural and logical consequence we cannot see until "after the fact".
We live empowered when we are willing to "face the consequences" even if they are the result of someone else's actions. If we learn that the behavior of another person, by virtue of their power in our lives, rains consequences down on us, then we must find a way to change the consequences or accept them as necessary lessons if we cannot change them. My birth mother was forced to put me up for adoption and a host of consequences followed well before my consciousness and understanding of my adoption became part of my aware experience.
I am an adopted person and I could choose to be angry or hurt because of the consequences that resulted in that life path, not of my choosing. But I have had the pleasure to meet my birth parents and learn their stories, and see how my spiritual path is a consequence of their choices, while recognizing that I have worked hard to empower myself to be more and more in charge of my choices, and better able to face consequences in a way that gives me a positive life.
Philip Young, PhD
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