Q: Can you prove that Daniel 9:24-26 is a prophecy about Jesus? Featured
Wednesday, 14 December 2016 13:37
Jews always criticize the Christian explanation of Daniel 9... _URL_
Can you prove that Daniel really spoke about Jesus in Daniel 9?
I cannot "prove" that Daniel is talking about Jesus in Daniel 9. Such things do not allow for mathematical-type proofs. However, scroll I can show sufficient evidence that any open-minded person would conclude that this is the most reasonable conclusion. Here is why:
 1. First of all, as Daniel is interpreting Jeremiah, and he is told by the messenger, that this prophecy concerns the salvation of God's people from the desolation caused by sin (Daniel 9:2).
 1. The response involves the Messiah coming to Jerusalem. The Hebrew word Messiah/annointed One is found in both 9:24 and 9:26. This is perhaps the most clear-cut messianic prophecy in all the Hebrew Bible.
 1. There is no doubt that the prophecy concerns Jerusalem.
 1. The salvation announced here is not freedom from captivity in Babylon, as it involves such things as "putting an end to sin" and "atoning for wickedness" and sealing up (putting to and end) vision and prophecy.
 1. Besides, this prophecy is fulfilled seventy "sevens" after the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem. This decree was given by Artaxerxes, in his seventh year, 458 BC, as recorded in Ezra 7:13f. This is the only decree found in the Bible which is telling the Jews to rebuild the city. In fact, under Nehemiah, this is exactly what they eventually did. This is further evidence that the prophecy does not concern the restoration under Cyrus, as the decree was given eighty years after the restoration.
 1. If we count 490 years from the decree of Artaxerxes, we come to AD 33 (there was no year zero). Actually, the prophecy has the Messiah coming to Jerusalem to make atonement for sin and to bring in everlasting righteousness during the 70th week (Daniel 9:25). This means that the Messiah will come to Jerusalem to provide atonement for sins somewhere between AD 26 and 33. The match of Daniel 9:24-25 with the crucifixion of Jesus in inescapable. To argue that this is mere coincidence is to defy common sense. It is to apply an ad hoc treatment to the facts.
Given all the evidence, it is what I would call a "slam dunk" that this prophecy concerns a Messiah who will come to Jerusalem around AD 30 to provide for the forgiveness of sins and to bring God's plan to its fulfillment. The only candidate for this is Jesus of Nazareth, who, it just so happens, also fulfilled all the other prophecies of the Messiah (birth in Bethlehem, crucifixion, riding into Jerusalem on a donkey, betrayal for 30 pieces of silver, being pierced, silent before accusers, etc.)
Of course, Jews do not like this interpretation, but they have no counter argument which works well with the data in Daniel 9. The argument made at the web site above is no exception to this. Some will say that no Jew will accept this interpretation. Not true. Many Jews accept this interpretation, but, inevitably, they become Christians. It is true that no Jew who rejects Christianity accepts this interpretation, but what else would one expect?
I conclude that Jews reject this, not because of the evidence, but because they reject the implications of the conclusion
John Oakes
Read 714 times Last modified on Saturday, 31 December 2016 13:08


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Ecosystem restoration volunteers honoured
Two long-time members of the East Kootenay Wildlife Association (EKWA) were honoured recently for their contribution to ecosystem restoration.
Glynn Killins of Kimberley and Andy Pezderic of Golden represented the wildlife association on the Rocky Mountain Trench Ecosystem Restoration Program (ER Program) and Rocky Mountain Trench Natural Resources Society (Trench Society) from 1996 to 2013.
Both men retired this year from their volunteer positions after representing EKWA on the ER Program steering committee and Trench Society board of directors for a combined total of 26 years. Current EKWA rep on the two organizations is Mark Hall of Jaffray.
"Glynn and Andy did an outstanding job of speaking up for ecosystem restoration and its benefits, particularly for wildlife habitat," Trench Society coordinator Dan Murphy told an EKWA meeting in Cranbrook November 16.
"Their dedication and commitment over so many years is an example to all of us who value the natural environment. It is an honour to recognize them today."
On behalf of ER Program partners and Trench Society member organizations, Murphy presented Killins and Pezderic with gifts in appreciation of their work.
Killins was the first chair of the Trench Society, which was formed in 1996 by a coalition of hunting, ranching, wildlife and environmental organizations to support restoration of grassland and open forest ecosystems in the East Kootenay and Upper Columbia Valley.
Pezderic, a former EKWA president, was a strong advocate for ecosystem restoration at the provincial level during his many years as chair of the BC Wildlife Federation's Forestry and Land Use committees.
The Trench Society was one of the founding members of the Trench ER Program when it was established by the B.C. Government in 1998. The program has since grown into a partnership of 30 agencies restoring grasslands and open forests on Crown land, provincial and national parks, private conservation properties and First Nations reserves.
Restoration enhances winter range for elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer and bighorn sheep, and improves habitat for many of the region's endangered wildlife species, among other benefits.
For more information, visit _URL_.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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We know that each person received an Omer daily. Does this include for instance little children who wouldnt be able to eat up all of it and would have to leave some over which was not allowed.
Or is the Omer not the same for everyone like the Amoh, which depends on a persons arm size.
Or wasnt it a 'physical' type of food and everyone could eat the same amount whatever their size and age.
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1 Answer 1
Shach al ha-Torah (to Ex. 16:17) states that the figure of one omer per person was actually averaged out per family. In other words, he says, adults might end up with more than an omer apiece (since one omer wouldn't be enough for them), while the children would get less - but in aggregate, there were as many omerim as members of the family.
Ibn Ezra (to Ex. 16:15) says that "it is reasonable to say the figure of one omer per person is only for adults, while children would receive according to what they could eat."
Chasam Sofer (Orach Chaim 181) also argues that indeed the size was proportional to the person, so that an infant would get a smaller omer than an adult, and indeed that the size of it would grow along with him from day to day.
On the other hand, Noda Biyehudah (Kamma, Orach Chaim 38) states that indeed it was the same for everyone. Presumably, according to him the babies and others who couldn't eat a full omer would have had some left over. (They weren't allowed to leave any over with the intention of eating it the next day - Ex. 16:19 - but that doesn't mean that there couldn't be some that didn't get eaten and had to be discarded.)
The Lubavitcher Rebbe (Likkutei Sichos 26:103ff) explains that the man in fact had two different qualities in it. One one hand, it related to the essence of the soul, which is the same for all Jews, and therefore from that point of view it was the same amount (an omer) for everyone. On the other hand, the omer is "one-tenth of an ephah" (Ex. 16:36), implying that it's not an absolute measurement but a relative one (just as the omer varies with the size of the ephah), and in that sense it therefore varied with the abilities of the person eating it. (He notes, also, that this is why the Torah leaves that definition of the omer until the end of the passage, after describing how they ate the man at the borders of Eretz Yisrael: because it's only then that this second, individualized aspect of it became the primary one - when they were preparing for their individualized service of Hashem each in their own homestead.)
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text:
America is Gradually Moving
Scientific measurements indicate that we are moving even when we are standing still. Continental land masses sit on enormous slabs of rock that slide very slowly at the rate of l to 8 inches per year. America is gradually moving westward, away from Europe, at the rate of 3 inches per year. If that doesnt blow your hair back, consider this. Our Milky Way galaxy is hurtling through space at 375 miles per second or l.3 million miles per hour. But thats not all. Within our own galaxy the sun and its solar system are zooming along at 12.4 miles per second (43,000 mph) in the direction of the star Vega in the constellation Lyra.


Quick Answer: What Is Your IG?
What is IG short for?
What does IG mean.
IG stands for the social media platform Instagram.
It also sometimes short for I guess..
What does FT mean in text?
Originally Answered: What does ft mean in text? In texting, Apple owners use ft/FT to suggest the use of facetime or Face Time which is a communications app that enables face to face conversations on Apple products.
What does 444 mean in texting?
444 Is A Sign Someone Is Trying To Communicate With You It is a sign that you are currently following the right path. [*] If you see the number 444 repeatedly, it is often your angel giving you a sign that they are with you. The sign is reminding you to feel confident and supported in this knowledge.
What does it mean when you see 333 444 and 555?
The Meaning Of 111, 222, 333, 444, 555. The Universe can use numbers to communicate with us. It will send us very subtle messages so that we look at something. … These repeating numbers are a reminder that something very magical and Divine is happening in your life!
What does 444 Angel number mean?
Angel Number 444 is a message that you have nothing to fear in regards to your life, work and Divine life purpose. When you take positive action towards your highest intentions, aspirations and goals, the Universe works in your favour and helps you to establish solid foundations and advance you along your path.
What is an appropriate age for Instagram?
What does go off IG mean?
DEEP DIVE. Telling someone to "go off" is usually a way to praise them and to encourage them to keep doing what they're doing. " Going off" can refer to talking about something or doing something. The phrase can also be used more vaguely, usually as positive reinforcement, but sometimes sarcastically or negatively.
What is IG feed?
What does I love you 444 means?
It is also a love reminder that there is no place for negative thoughts in your relationship. This sequence reminds that you will have a strong relationship and no negative energy or thought will affect it. It also means a fresh start in your relationship. Sequence number 444 has a great combination with love.
Why is Instagram bad?
They found that Instagram and other social networks are associated with high levels of anxiety, depression, bullying and a "fear of missing out (FOMO)." They can also foster a negative body image and poor sleep habits.
Can you see who looks at your Instagram?
What is the point of getting an Instagram?
What does this mean 👉 👈?
What does 👉👈 mean? This two-finger touching(👉👈) emoji, also used as 👉👈 is used on TikTok meaning that you want to tell something to the person you send this emoji to and you are hoping they won't get mad at you.
What is full form of FT?
ft. ft is a written abbreviation for feet or, foot.
What does IG mean in school?
Why use Instagram stories vs posts?
Instagram Posts in the Feed. … A unique concept of Instagram stories is that it allows your followers to see images and footage that may not make it to your feed often. This is a perspective that viewers love to see because it provides a sense of transparency for viewers.
What does IG mean in a text?
What does BB mean in text?
for babyIn text messages and online, bb can be short for baby, especially as it's used as a term of endearment for significant others or friends.
Who uses Instagram the most?
The USInstagram location demographics Instagram is one of the most popular social networks on a global level. The US has the most users at 116 million, followed by India at 73 million and Brazil at 72 million. This international presence makes the network appealing to both brands and influencers alike.
Do you get paid for Instagram?
FAQ: Make money on Instagram You can get paid on Instagram in the following ways: Creating sponsored posts for brands that want to get in front of your audience. Becoming an affiliate and making a commission selling other brands' products. Creating and selling a physical or digital product or offering a paid service.


All above 18 to vaccinate by end of 2021
Parliamentary Secretary, National Health Services Regulations and Coordination Dr Nausheen Hamid on Tuesday said that Pakistan's health authorities were on track to administer Covid-19 vaccination to almost 70% of its targeted population by end of December 2021, over 20 million Pfizer vaccine doses will reach in the country soon.
'Government's strategy is to maintain balance between safety of our population and their social well-being and economic sustainability', she said while talking to media.
The Pfizer vaccine will only be utilized in limited areas of the country where ultra cold chain would be available for its storage during the ongoing vaccination campaign, she said, adding that special refrigerators would be used to store the Pfizer BioNtech and other vaccines in future.
'Pfizer vaccine has to be kept at minus 70 degrees Celsius, which is a challenge for developing countries where we will have difficulties in maintaining a cold chain', she added.—APP
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text:
A Pilot Study of the Flaxseed Effects on Hormones and Lignans: Role of Race, Genes, and Gut Microbiome
I. To determine associations between the composition of the gut bacterial communities and
baseline levels of the mammalian lignans and steroid hormones.
II. To determine how variation in gut microbial community composition and in steroid hormone
and xenobiotic metabolizing genes affects the metabolism of mammalian lignans and steroid
hormones after exposure to a lignan-rich food (flaxseed).
III. To determine how these associations differ by race (i.e., African American and European
OUTLINE: Participants are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups.
GROUP I: Participants receive flaxseed orally (PO) daily for 6 weeks. After a usual diet
"washout" period of 8 weeks, patients crossover to Group II.
GROUP II: Participants maintain a usual diet for 6 weeks. After a usual diet "washout"
period of 8 weeks, patients crossover to Group I.
After completion of study treatment, participants are followed up for 30 days.
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Relative percent of Eubacteria composition from qPCR associated with lignan levels
Up to week 21
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
United States: Food and Drug Administration
|Roswell Park Cancer Institute||Buffalo, New York 14263|


text:
and Upper Galilee, where 80 percent of the pears are harvested. Last winter was exceptionally dry, with less than 60 percent of the average rainfall. The region was hit by several heat waves in the spring. This resulted in low estimates, which kept prices high early in the season. At present, the prices are stable at 2.40 Euro per kilo. That is on the high side, but still within the normal range of between 1.50 and 2.50 Euro per kilo. A small volume will be imported this season. The most popular varieties are the Spadona and Cosia, but there have also been some tests with the Canadian Harrow.
The United States prepares for winter season
The pear industry in the northwest of the US reported a harvest of 18 million boxes, which is similar to last year's production. The harvest has already been completed and the pears are in storage. The market is preparing for the arrival of winter pears, with the D'Anjou being the most important variety. Traders are optimistic about the upcoming season and expect the campaign to last until spring and maybe early summer. The market is preparing for a peak period leading up to the holidays, when promotions will play an important role. With these campaigns, consumers should be made aware once again about the fruit's presence on the shelves. Moreover, they should provide clear information about possible uses for the fruit, for example with recipes, as well as about the ripeness of the pears.
The seasons play a role in the demand. Now that summer pears are scarce and winter pears are coming to the market, the D'Anjou, Bosc and other red pears do well.
Pear cultivation costly in Brazil
Due to unfavourable weather conditions, the harvest volume has dropped by 21 percent down to 15,000 tonnes. Pear cultivation in Brazil is small; therefore, the market depends on imports. This small production is to be found in Rio Grande do Sol, Santa Catarina, Parana, Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais. The fruit is mostly sold on the local market, particularly in small towns. A small volume is brought to the wholesale market. Compared to other crops, pear cultivation is a costly undertaking which does not attract new growers. Imports fell last year by 14 percent, down to 179,306 tonnes, compared to 208,346 tonnes a year earlier. The United States is a major supplier of pears.
India, an importing market
The Indian pear market is essentially an importing market. Major suppliers are China, Belgium, Italy, South Africa and the US. The quality of the South African and Australian fruit has been good, according to a trader. Chinese pears, for their part, have suffered some quality issues. However, China's production is available all year round and the country is by far the largest supplier. This concerns varieties like the Ya, Shandong and Nashi. The demand is quite high. One importer stated that they bring 3 to 4 containers per week, and that prices are stable. The biggest challenge, according to this trader, is keeping the right temperature during transport. This means that pears sometimes arrive too ripe in India.
Every week, FreshPlaza and AGF.nl publish an overview of the market situation of a product in a global context. With these articles we aim to provide a view of a global market shrinking due to globalisation. Next week, soft fruit will be on the spotlight.


'' for the "default branch", whatever that might mean) * ''category'' (unicode string; user-defined category of this change, or ''None'') * ''revlink'' (unicode string; link to a web view of this change) * ''properties'' (user-specified properties for this change, represented as a dictionary mapping keys to (value, source)) * ''repository'' (unicode string; repository where this change occurred) * ''project'' (unicode string; user-defined project to which this change corresponds) .. py:method:: getParentChangeIds(branch, repository, project, codebase) :param branch: the branch of the change :type branch: unicode string :param repository: the repository in which this change took place :type repository: unicode string :param project: the project this change is a part of :type project: unicode string :param codebase: :type codebase: unicode string return the last changeID which matches the repository/project/codebase .. py:method:: addChange(author=None, files=None, comments=None, is_dir=0, links=None, revision=None, when_timestamp=None, branch=None, category=None, revlink='', properties={}, repository='', project='', uid=None) :param author: the author of this change :type author: unicode string :param files: a list of filenames that were changed :type branch: list of unicode strings :param comments: user comments on the change :type branch: unicode string :param is_dir: deprecated :param links: a list of links related to this change, e.g., to web viewers or review pages :type links: list of unicode strings :param revision: the revision identifier for this change :type revision: unicode string :param when_timestamp: when this change occurred, or the current time if None :type when_timestamp: datetime instance or None :param branch: the branch on which this change took place :type branch: unicode string :param category: category for this change (arbitrary use by Buildbot users) :type category: unicode string :param revlink: link to a web view of this revision :type revlink: unicode string :param properties: properties to set on this change, where values are tuples of (value, source). At the moment, the source must be '''Change''', although this may be relaxed in later versions. :type properties: dictionary :param repository: the repository in which this change took place :type repository: unicode string :param project: the project this change is a part of :type project: unicode string :param uid: uid generated for the change author :type uid: integer :returns: new change's ID via Deferred Add a Change with the given attributes to the database, returning the changeid via a Deferred. All arguments should be given as keyword arguments. The ''project'' and ''repository'' arguments must be strings; ''None'' is not allowed. .. py:method:: getChange(changeid, no_cache=False) :param changeid: the id of the change instance to fetch :param no_cache: bypass cache and always fetch from database :type no_cache: boolean :returns: chdict via Deferred Get a change dictionary for the given changeid, or ''None'' if no such change exists. .. py:method:: getChangeUids(changeid) :param changeid: the id of the change instance to fetch :returns: list of uids via Deferred Get the userids associated with the given changeid. .. py:method:: getRecentChanges(count) :param count: maximum number of instances to return :returns: list of dictionaries via Deferred, ordered by changeid Get a list of the ''count'' most recent changes, represented as dictionaries; returns fewer if that many do not exist. .. note:: For this function, "recent" is determined by the order of the changeids, not by ''when_timestamp''. This is most apparent in DVCS's, where the timestamp of a change may be significantly earlier than the time at which it is merged into a repository monitored by Buildbot. .. py:method:: getChanges() :returns: list of dictionaries via Deferred Get a list of the changes, represented as dictionaries; changes are sorted, and paged using generic data query options .. py:method:: getChangesCount() :returns: list of dictionaries via Deferred Get the number changes, that the query option would return if no paging option where set .. py:method:: getLatestChangeid() :returns: changeid via Deferred Get the most-recently-assigned changeid, or ''None'' if there are no changes at all. .. py:method:: getChangesForBuild(buildid) :param buildid: ID of the build :returns: list of dictionaries via Deferred Get the "blame" list of changes for a build. .. py:method:: getChangeFromSSid(sourcestampid) :param sourcestampid: ID of the sourcestampid :returns: chdict via Deferred returns the change dictionary related to the sourcestamp ID. changesources ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. py:module:: buildbot.db.changesources .. index:: double: ChangeSources; DB Connector Component .. py:exception:: ChangeSourceAlreadyClaimedError Raised when a changesource request is already claimed by another master. .. py:class:: ChangeSourcesConnectorComponent This class manages the state of the Buildbot changesources. An instance of this class is available at ''master.db.changesources''. Changesources are identified by their changesourceid, which can be objtained from :py:meth:'findChangeSourceId'. Changesources are represented by dictionaries with the following keys: * ''id'' - changesource's ID * ''name'' - changesource's name * ''masterid'' - ID of the master currently running this changesource, or None if it is inactive Note that this class is conservative in determining what changesources are inactive: a changesource linked to an inactive master is still considered active. This situation should never occur, however; links to a master should be deleted when it is marked inactive. .. py:method:: findChangeSourceId(name) :param name: changesource name :returns: changesource ID via Deferred Return the changesource ID for the changesource with this name. If such a changesource is already in the database, this returns the ID. If not, the changesource is added to the database and its ID returned. .. py:method:: setChangeSourceMaster(changesourceid, masterid) :param changesourceid: changesource to set the master for :param masterid: new master for this changesource, or None :returns: Deferred Set, or unset if ''masterid'' is None, the active master for this changesource. If no master is currently set, or the current master is not active, this method will complete without error. If the current master is active, this method will raise :py:exc:'~buildbot.db.exceptions.ChangeSourceAlreadyClaimedError'. .. py:method:: getChangeSource(changesourceid) :param changesourceid: changesource ID :returns: changesource dictionary or None, via Deferred Get the changesource dictionary for the given changesource. .. py:method:: getChangeSources(active=None, masterid=None) :param boolean active: if specified, filter for active or inactive changesources :param integer masterid: if specified, only return changesources attached associated with this master :returns: list of changesource dictionaries in unspecified order Get a list of changesources. If ''active'' is given, changesources are filtered according to whether they are active (true) or inactive (false). An active changesource is one that is claimed by an active master. If ''masterid'' is given, the list is restricted to schedulers associated with that master. schedulers ~~~~~~~~~~ .. py:module:: buildbot.db.schedulers .. index:: double: Schedulers; DB Connector Component .. py:exception::


text:
Reflections from the Trademark Scholars Roundtable
In this volume are published works reflect the conversations from the Fourth Trademark Scholars Roundtable at DePaul University in 2012. The Trademark Scholars Roundtable participants discussed a wide range of approaches to understanding and limiting the ever-increasing sprawl of trademark rights.
Reflections on the Patent Scope Revisited Conference
This issue focuses on vehicles external to the patent system and the impact that they may have on determining scope of rights for patents. Included in this issue are conversations about the perceived formalistic behavior of the Federal Circuit and argument for courts to consider extrinsic evidence for interpretation of claim construction, giving way to policy considerations of productive directions for patent scope.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Posts Tagged 'music instruction aide'
"Guitar Power Chords" relating to the Music Dials…
Rhythm and chords have always been the popular foundation for all types of music. Power chords are essentially, just 2 (many times 3) of the strongest tonal notes in the key of the song, which creates powerful sounding chords all to themselves.
In this case, by playing these notes as viewed on the Music "Power Chord" Dial, you will immediately find yourself laying down some substantial rock and blues sounds, indeed. Generally, they are played on the lower registered (bass) strings, where they have the most 'punch' to them. Read the rest of this entry »

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


[Haskell-cafe] Can anyone help me with partition numbers?
whoals (sent by Nabble.com) lists at nabble.com
Thu Nov 24 11:00:24 EST 2005
A partition of a positive integer n is a representation of n as the sum of any number of positive integral parts. For example, there are 7 partitions of the number 5: 1+1+1+1+1, 1+1+1+2, 1+1+3, 1+2+2, 1+4, 2+3 and 5. Define a function parts which returns the list of distinct partitions of an integer n. For example, parts 4 = [[1,1,1,1],[1,1,2],[1,3],[2,2],[4]].
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Kiln Setings Video Instructions for Patsy Croft Kilns of Enameling and Jewelry
The Built-in Digital Set Point Controller on the 66F-TEW Kilns
The Built-in Digital Set Point Controller on the 55F-TE and the 55F-TEW Kilns
Enameling and Jewelry Kiln operating instructions.
The TEC220 Three-button Controller is a highly accurate and customizable instrument. In this installation, the controller's basic setpoint functions are used to reach your target temperature rapidly. Once plugged in and after an initial startup sequence, the controller displays the current interior kiln temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). With the "ELEMENTS ON" toggle switch in the UP/ON position, the kiln will immediately begin to heat and will seek the last programed set point temperature.
To change the target temperature:
 1. With the toggle in the off position, press the SET key (first key on left) until you see the displays SPI.
 2. Now press the "UP" or "DOWN" Arrow keys to your desired temperature.
 3. Then press both the up and down keys at the same time to see your new set temperature.
 4. It will began to recalibrate to the new set point temperature.
Opening the kiln door during heating will cause the temperature to drop quickly. Temperature recovery to your set point is rapid. I fire at 1400 degrees on average and I can open the door, place my jewel in side, close the door and the temperature has regained my set point in several seconds.
My kilns do not have a silent relay. I choose this because it clicks which is a signal to me it is at temperature. And a reminder the kiln is on before leaving the studio.
Be aware that the kiln's elements are "ON" and may have 120 volts to them when the toggle is in the UP/ON position. Always flip the toggle to the off position, "elements off" when you are finished firing.
Adjusting your kiln settings
Kiln Setings Video
Latch – How it Works


Sail
From Biology-Online Dictionary | Biology-Online Dictionary
sail
1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action of steam or other power.
2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a water fowl.
3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as, they sailed from london to Canton.
4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.
5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide through the air without apparent exertion, as a bird. As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . . When he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, And sails upon the bosom of the air. (Shak)
Origin: AS. Segelian, seglian. See Sail.
Origin: OE. Seil, AS. Segel, segl; akin to D. Zeil, OHG. Segal, G. & Sw. Segel, Icel. Segl, Dan. Seil.
1. An extent of canvas or other fabric by means of which the wind is made serviceable as a power for propelling vessels through the water. Behoves him now both sail and oar. (milton)
2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.
3. A wing; a van. Like an eagle soaring To weather his broad sails. (Spenser).
4. The extended surface of the arm of a windmill.
5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a craft.
In this sense, the plural has usually the same forms as the singular; as, twenty sail were in sight.
6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or excursion upon the water.
Sails are of two general kinds, fore-and-aft sails, and square sails. Square sails are always bent to yards, with their foot lying across the line of the vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs with their foot in line with the keel. A fore-and-aft sail is triangular, or quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the fore leech. Square sails are quardrilateral, but not necessarily square. See phrases under Fore, and Square,; also, bark, Brig, schooner, ship, stay. Sail burton, to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge inferiority; to abate pretension. Under sail, having the sails spread.


Why do we find it so difficult to trust?
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Trust is such an important attitude to cultivate in practice, and in life. But sometimes when stuck in a situation where we aren't feeling too comfortable or happy, be it in ourselves, or our partners, the direction of our life or even the health of our bodies it can feel pretty difficult to trust the process and know that on some greater level it's going to be ok.
So how do we practice trust?
Jon Kabat Zinn reminds us in the video below that we can start with something as simple as our breath because luckily the breath can take care of itself, we don't need to tell ourselves to breathe, we can rest pretty easy at night knowing that while sleeping it is happening. We can also learn to trust in the wisdom of our bodies and what we feel; trusting that the ears can actually hear, the eyes can actually see. That the organs take care of all the things they need to, to keep us alive.
From there we might begin to take a little more notice of the signs our body is telling us around feelings of being tired, anxious, overly stressed, sad, fearful and rather than talking our way out of it with our minds or finding some quick fix to feel less discomfort, maybe we can listen in and trust a little more what the experience in our body is trying to tell us?
The more we can learn to bring trust to our experience, trusting ourselves and what's actually going on vs. trying to control it and make it better, the more we can learn to bring trust to our relationships, to other people and to the challenges we face in life so that hopefully with practice we can reside in our own ability to meet whatever comes towards us.
To find out more about trust or the practice of mindfulness, please get in touch.


, of the vertical scroll bar.
VirtualScreen
Gets the bounds of the virtual screen.
WorkingArea
Gets the size, in pixels, of the working area of the screen.
Methods
GetBorderSizeForDpi(Int32)
Gets the thickness, in pixels, of a flat-style window or system control border for a given DPI value.
GetHorizontalScrollBarArrowWidthForDpi(Int32)
Gets the width of the horizontal scroll bar arrow bitmap in pixels.
GetHorizontalScrollBarHeightForDpi(Int32)
Gets the default height, in pixels, of the horizontal scroll bar for a given DPI value.
GetMenuFontForDpi(Int32)
Gets the font used to display text on menus for use in changing the DPI for a given display device.
GetVerticalScrollBarWidthForDpi(Int32)
Gets the default height, in pixels, of the vertical scroll bar for a given DPI value.
VerticalScrollBarArrowHeightForDpi(Int32)
Gets the height of the vertical scroll bar arrow bitmap in pixels.
Applies to
See also


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– New solutions for discharged plastic waste
The project targets a cost-efficient holistic solution for plastic waste discharged into the environment, including tracking and identification, recovery and valorisation.
The main goal of the project is to prepare a complete solution for plastic waste released into the environment, which includes the entire value chain from the localization to the valorisation of collected plastic. This will be achieved through :
- Building global value chains and locally adapted business models.
- Analyzing financial concepts
- Demonstrating plastic recovery technology in a real environment (Indonesia)
- Evaluating the capacities of sensor solutions to locate and identify different plastic fractions in the environment
- Develop valorisation technology for the plastic waste
- Composite technologies for waste plastics
- Catalytic pyrolysis for the collected plastic fraction.


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Authorities in eastern China have said they will release 20 million algae-eating fish into one of the nation's most scenic lakes that has been ravaged by pollution.
Taihu Lake, which straddles Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, has been severely polluted by sewage as well as industrial and agricultural waste, triggering a blue-green algae plague.
Authorities started using fish to try to clean up the lake in February last year when they released 10 million mostly green and silver carp into the water, after the algae tainted the drinking supply of millions of residents.
Over the next few days, around 20 million more algae-eating fish will be released into the water, the Taihu Lake Fisheries Management Committee said in a statement Monday.
The campaign, funded by the government and public donations, cost a total of 8.6 million yuan (1.3 million dollars), according to the statement.
A silver carp can consume 50 kilogrammes (110 pounds) of algae and other plankton in its lifetime while gaining only one kilogramme in weight, authorities have said.
Millions of algae-eating fish have been used in the past to clean up Taihu and other lakes, with previous efforts hailed as a boon for the local fishing industry despite concerns over consumption of fish that have feasted on toxins.
Algae blooms, which are common on freshwater lakes in China, are chiefly caused by the presence of untreated sewage containing high concentrations of nitrogen, a main ingredient in detergents and fertilisers.
China's environment has suffered severely amid the nation's breakneck economic growth over the past three decades.
Explore further: EU bans three pesticides harmful to bees


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How Tall is It? Measure Something Tall Without Climbing It
The most accurate way to measure something is using a tape measure, but some things are too tall (or too scary) to climb with a ruler. Try the different methods for the same tree and see how similar (or different) the results are. These examples are all about trees, but would work for buildings, telegraph poles and any other tall structures.
Bending OverGet an adult to walk away from a tree until they are just about able to see the top of the tree when they bend over and look through their legs. The distance they are from the tree is roughly the same as the height of the tree.
This works because an adult bending over and looking up at the top of the tree creates about a 45 degree angle. This creates a triangle where the base and the height are about equal – so the distance from the tree is about the same as the height of the tree.
Using ShadowsOn a sunny day, measure the length of a tree's shadow. Measure the length of the shadow of something of a known height (for example a person, a measuring stick or a pole). Divide the length of the tree's shadow by the length of the person, measuring stick or pole's shadow and then multiply it by the height of the person, measuring stick or pole – the answer is the height of the tree.
Using Shadows #2Stick a long stick in the ground (one or two metres tall if possible), and draw a circle around the base of it, so that the distance from the centre to the circle is exactly the same as the distance from the ground to the tip of the stick. When the tip of the shadow touches the edge of the circle, the length of the shadow is exactly the same as the height of the stick. Run to the tree and measure the length of the shadow – this will be the height of the tree.
Using a CameraSet up a digital camera on a tripod and get someone to stand next to a tree holding a measuring stick or a stiff tape measure, extended as far as possible (one to two metres long if available). Take a picture of the person and tree, with the tree taking up about half the height of the picture.
On a computer, use the manipulation tool to copy a rectangle exactly the same height as the measuring tape or stick and paste it a number of times up the side of the tree and see how many times the measuring stick or tape needs to be pasted to measure the height of the tree. Multiply this number by the height of the measuring stick or tape measure to get the height of the tree.
Using a StickChoose a stick that is exactly the same length as the distance from fingertips (arm fully stretched out) to eye. Hold the stick vertically (arm at full stretch) and walk away from the tree until the tree height is the same as the stick. Measure the distance to the tree – this is its height.
Tracking Tree GrowthPeople working in forestry use clinometers or theodolites to measure slopes and angles, and use these to calculate the height of a tree.
Keep a record of tree heights over a year – how quickly do they grow? Do different kinds of trees grow at different rates? Try measuring the girth (the distance around the trunk) as well – be careful not to damage the bark.


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Pastiche Partners was founded in 2012 to provide compassionate and comprehensive behavior therapy for military families with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) throughout middle Tennessee, southern Kentucky and greater San Antonio Texas as an approved TRICARE East Region in-network provider. We specialize in providing individualized ABA services to children and adolescents within the home, school and community settings of our clients, with particular attention given to the coordination of services across disciplines for effective collaboration.
What is Autism?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by a broad set of behaviors expressed differently in each individual.
ASD impacts a person's ability to communicate and interact with others.
Indicators typically appear before age 3.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a report in April 2018 concluding that 1 in every 59 children born in the United States will be identified as having autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 1 in 37 boys and 1 in 151 girls.
There is no known single cause of autism.
Autism is treatable and research shows that early diagnosis and early intensive behavior intervention (EIBI) lead to significantly improved outcomes.


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KTLADDFalilétra / Tetőlétra
The KTLADD roof or wall ladder is an essential element of the system of movement of people on the roof and adjacent walls. It is manufactured in axis lengths of 1.2 - 4.2 m and can be mutually extended by means of a narrowed end. Required connecting material: 2xKTM8-N 25 and 2xKTNUT-N.
Falilétra / Tetőlétra


The Beginner's DIY Guide on How to Use an Angle Grinder
Angle Grinder
Angle Grinders
Whether you are a seasoned DIY enthusiast, woodworker, or metalworker, the angle grinder is a power tool that can't be missing from your arsenal. Versatile and powerful, this tool is the go-to for cutting, grinding, and polishing a variety of materials with finesse and speed. However, with great power comes great responsibility. In this beginner's guide, we will walk through how to use an angle grinder safely, master its functions, select the right attachments, and also provide some insightful maintenance tips.
1. Introduction to the Angle Grinders
An angle grinder is a handheld power tool with a rotating disc that sees extensive use in construction work, metal fabrication, and emergency rescues. Its compact design and high RPM give it the ability to perform an array of tasks from cutting through metal to polishing surfaces. Anglers grinders are popular for their relative simplicity, yet their applications are diverse and require skill and safety awareness to harness effectively.
2. Safety First
Before you even consider powering up your angle grinder, ensure that safety is at the forefront of your mind. This includes personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety glasses, full face shield, gloves, and sturdy work boots. Always prepare a work area that is free of any tripping hazards and ensure that the piece you are working on is firmly secured. Additionally, familiarize yourself with the off-switch location – practice quickly turning it off before you even start your first project.
Top 10 Safety Considerations for Using Angle Grinders
When using an angle grinder, adhering to safety protocols is imperative to avoid accidents and achieve optimal results. Here's a list of the top 10 safety considerations:
Angle Grinder Sanding Wood
Angle Grinder Sanding Wood
 - Wear Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): This includes safety glasses or goggles, face shields, leather gloves, ear protection, and heavy-duty work boots.
 - Secure Your Workpiece: Ensure that the material you are working on is clamped or securely fastened to prevent movement.
 - Check the Disc Before Use: Inspect the disc for cracks, chips, or any sign of damage before attaching it to the grinder. Make sure the disc is in good condition.
 - Use the Right Disc for the Material: Match the disc to the material you're working on (metal, wood, concrete) to avoid breakage and ensure efficiency.
 - Maintain Proper Disc Speed: Do not exceed the recommended speed for the disc you're using, as this can cause it to shatter. Running at max rpm or full speed is not appropriate for all materials or projects.
 - Handle with Both Hands: Always use both hands to operate the grinder for maximum control and stability.
 - Keep Bystanders at a Safe Distance: Ensure that no one is within the vicinity of your working area to protect them from sparks and debris.
 - Be Aware of the Direction of Sparks: Position yourself so that sparks are directed away from you and any flammable materials.
 - Disconnect Power When Changing Discs: Always unplug the grinder (if corded) or remove the battery (if cordless) before changing or adjusting the disc.
 - Stay Focused: Never operate the angle grinder when you are tired or under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Concentration is key to safe handling. Too much force or having your body in the wrong position is very dangerous.
By following these safety considerations, you can minimize the risk of accidents and injuries while using your angle grinder.
3. Understanding the Parts
Angle grinders may seem complex at first glance, but a breakdown of its components will make it far less daunting. There are several parts you need to become acquainted with. This includes the handle, spindle lock, on/off switch, disc guard, and the arbor. Know how to assemble and disassemble your grinder smoothly. A good grip is crucial here; make sure to pilot the handle in a way that feels comfortable and offers maximum control.
Cordless Angle Grinder Parts
Cordless Angle Grinder Parts
4. Choosing the Right Disc
Angle grinders can accept a multitude of attachments, but it's crucial to use the right disc for the job at hand. Abrasive cutting discs, grinding wheels, sanding discs, and wire brush wheels are among the most common. Each serves a distinct purpose, and using the wrong one can have dire consequences. Ensure that the disc is designed for the material you are working with and is rated for the operational speed of your grinder.
Top 5 Most Popular Discs for Use with Angle Grinders
Angle grinders are versatile tools thanks to the wide variety of discs available for different materials and tasks. Here are the top 5 most popular discs that users find essential:
Angle Grinder Cutting Stone
Angle Grinder Cutting Stone
 - Cutting Disc: These are thin and sharp, designed to cut through materials like metal, stone, and ceramics efficiently without requiring a lot of pressure.
 - Grinding Wheel: Thicker than cutting discs, grinding wheels are used for removing material and not for cutting through the workpiece. They are ideal for smoothing out welds, sharpening edges, and grinding surfaces.
 - Flap Disc: Combining the function of sanding and grinding, flap discs are layered with abrasive 'flaps' and used to strip paint, rust, and material. They are excellent for finishing and polishing metal surfaces.
 - Diamond Cutting Discs: Designed for cutting through very hard or abrasive materials like concrete, stone, and tile. Their cutting edges are embedded with diamond grit for performance and durability.
 - Wire Brush Wheels: These are used for removing rust and paint, as well as for cleaning metal surfaces without removing the base material. They come in various forms including cup, wheels, and end brushes for different applications.
5. Using Angle Grinders
The real mastery begins when you start cutting, grinding, and polishing with an angle grinder. This section will cover the step-by-step process for each task. Here is a brief overview:
Angle Grinder Cutting Metal
Angle Grinder Cutting Metal
Cutting Wheel
Mark the line you intend to cut.
 - Make sure the material is clamped securely to a stable surface.
 - Start on the waste side of your line, as most cutting discs are slightly wider than the material they will cut.
 - Gradually work your way through the line, being mindful not to apply too much pressure, especially when nearing the end of a cut.
Grinding Wheel
 - Start with light pressure, gradually adding more as needed. Move the disc back and forth to get a more even grind and a smoother surface.
 - Keep a steady hand and make sure to cool the metal down intermittently if it's thick. Water or a heat-resistant cloth can help.
 - Move the grinder across the work surface to ensure a consistent finish.
Polishing Wheel
 - Attach a polishing disc and apply a polishing compound.
 - Touch only the material and the off-grip handle.
 - Exercise patience, as this is a detail-oriented process.
6. Maintenance Tips
Taking care of your angle grinder doesn't just protect your investment; it protects you and the quality of your work. This section details how to clean the tool, change the discs without a hassle, and store it properly. Regularly inspect the grinder and discs for damage, and proceed with caution if anything looks less than perfect.
Angle Grinder with Buffing Pad
Angle Grinder with Buffing Pad
Top 5 Maintenance Tips for Angle Grinders
 - Regular Inspections: Before each use, perform a thorough check of the grinder and disc for any signs of damage, wear, or improper assembly. This can prevent accidents caused by equipment failure.
 - Clean After Use: Remove debris, dust, and any residual material from the grinder after each use. A clean tool is more efficient and less prone to malfunctions.
 - Lubricate Moving Parts: Occasionally, apply lubricant to the angle grinder's moving parts, especially the motor, if the manufacturer's instructions suggest it. This maintains smooth operation and prolongs the life of the tool.
 - Store Properly: When not in use, store your angle grinder in a dry, safe place. Ideally, keep it in a case or bag to protect it from dust and moisture, which can cause rust and corrosion.
 - Disc Care: Handle discs with care and store them in a secure, flat place where they won't be damaged. Use a dedicated disc rack if available. Always check for expiry dates on discs as over-aged discs can compromise safety.
7. Conclusion and Safety Reminder
The angle grinder is a versatile tool that can be used for various purposes, but it is essential to use it with care and caution. To ensure your safety, it is recommended to follow some safety tips, get familiar with the tool, choose the appropriate attachments, and maintain it properly. In a business setting, there may also be occupational safety rules to follow. Be sure to check before you get started. With practice and the correct approach, you can enhance your skills with this tool. Always prioritize safety and enjoy your crafting experience!
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can I use angle grinders for wood projects?
Yes, angle grinders can be used for wood projects using specific types of discs designed for wood, such as a carbide wood cutting wheel or flap disc for sanding. However, approach with caution due to the high power and speed of angle grinders.
How do I know when to replace a disc?
Replace a disc when it shows signs of wear, such as a reduction in performance, or visible damage, or if it reaches its expiry date. Regular


text:
Introducing Adeka KM-String: a versatile waterstop solution for existing joints of all sizes. Engineered with a unique chemical modification, it offers controlled expansion upon contact with moisture, ensuring double locking water resistance. With excellent durability and resistance to chemicals, it's suitable for use in various solutions, from seawater to cement water. Environmentally safe and easy to use, KM-String fills voids and gaps effectively, providing reliable sealing for your construction needs.
Introducing Adeka KM-String: a chemically modified natural rubber waterstop engineered for superior sealing performance. Through a specialized manufacturing process, a hydrophilic agent is bonded to the rubber, enabling controlled expansion upon exposure to moisture. This unique feature provides a double locking waterstop, leveraging both the natural resilience of rubber and expansion pressure for unparalleled water resistance. With an expansion capability of approximately 3 times by volume, any void within the product's expansion coefficient will be filled upon hydration.
Expansion occurs in all dimensions, ensuring comprehensive coverage within the joint. KM-String boasts excellent durability and resistance to chemical contaminants, making it suitable for use in various solutions, including seawater and cement water. Environmentally safe and free from toxic substances or heavy metals, it meets stringent environmental standards.
Designed for waterstopping existing joints of various sizes, KM-String's size is determined by the joint width. It can be easily stretched and inserted into the joint gap using a backer rod insertion tool or blunt instrument. Trust Adeka KM-String for reliable waterstop solutions in your construction projects.


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- To develop regulations and standards in system integration (e.g. EEDI definitions and implementation rules).
The Working Group will ideally consist of engine builders, engineering companies, research organisations, system component suppliers such as electrical equipment & automation, controls, batteries, gears, propulsors and thrusters, heat exchangers, steam turbines, and system integrators including engine users, shipyards, and Classification Societies.
- To input and engage the component industry for shipping and land based applications
- To develop hybrid system design principles
- To input on the development of the internal combustion engines in diesel-electric installations
- To discuss development drivers for energy efficiency optimisation concepts in ships or land based applications
- To contribute to the development and promulgation of multi-source energy system design optimisations for ships and land based power plants
- To input and contribute in the development of regulations with Classification Societies, adjusting the existing rules to cope with the state-of-the-art in system integration design principles
- Regular meetings are held once every six months and usually hosted by one of our members.


text:
Using prepared statement is favorable in two regards: It is more efficient than direct execution of SQL code, since a statement that is used repeatedly needs to be parsed, analyzed, and, optimized only once. This can lead to a significant performance gain, depending on the complexity of the statement. Secondly, since no user input is used to create the SQL statement, but parameters are only passed as function arguments when the statement is executed, SQL injection is effectively prevented.
So here is a short example of how to use this from Lua using the luapgsql interface.
First, connect to a database:
local conn = pgsql.connectdb('')
Using a prepared statement is a two step process. First, the statement needs to be prepared. This is done only once per connection using the prepare() function.
When preparing a statement, use $1, $2, $3 in the SQL code as placeholders for the actual data parameters, which will be supplied later, when the statement is being executed. To give PostgreSQL an idea which data types you will be using you have to supply "example" parameters to the prepare() function. The value of the parameter will be ignored, it will only be used to determine the data type. In the example below a prepared statement with name'myselect' and one parameter, a string value, is created:
conn:prepare('myselect','select firstname from person where lastname = $1', '')
Now the prepared statement can be used as often as needed using the execPrepared() function, indicating the name of the prepared statement and supplying the actual data values:


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In addition to using data manipulation statements directly, as just described, it is also possible to manipulate table data by calling a procedure. Procedures perform the specific data manipulations laid out in the procedure definition.
Any SQL statement in the grouping procedural-sql-statement, see the Mimer SQL Reference Manual, Chapter 12, Procedural SQL Statements, can be used in a procedure, and this includes all the data manipulation statements.
The use of procedures allows data manipulation within the database to be controlled both in terms of strictly defining which data manipulation operations are performed and also in terms of regulating which database objects can be affected.
A procedure is invoked by using the CALL statement. In the case of a result set procedure, used in an ESQL context, the CALL statement is not used directly but is specified in a cursor declaration. An ident requires EXECUTE privilege on a procedure in order to call it.
In the CALL statement, the value-expressions or assignment targets specified for each of the procedure parameters must be of a data type that is assignment-compatible, see the Mimer SQL Reference Manual, Chapter 6, Assignments, with the parameter data type.
See the Mimer SQL Reference Manual, Chapter 12, CALL, for full details of the CALL statement and the Mimer SQL Programmer's Manual, chapter 12, Mimer SQL Stored Procedures, for a general discussion of the stored procedure functionality supported in Mimer SQL.
Examples of Calling Procedures
Invoke the procedure called SEARCH in the MIMER_STORE_MUSIC schema:CALL mimer_store_music.search(:title, :artist, 0);
Declare a cursor that will be used when result-set data is fetched from the result set procedure called BARCODE:DECLARE c_2 CURSOR FOR CALL mimer_store.barcode(itm.ean_code);
Upright Database Technology AB
Voice: +46 18 780 92 00
Fax: +46 18 780 92 40


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Solar Eclipse Traffic Nightmare
What is the definition of using a mobile telephone?
The use of a hand-held mobile telephone means:
- Using at least one hand to hold a mobile phone to make a call;
- Dialing a mobile phone by pressing more than a single button; or
- Reaching for a mobile phone in a manner that requires a driver to maneuver so that he or she is no longer in a seated driving position, restrained by a seat belt.
What does this rule mean to drivers and carriers?
- Fines and Penalties – Using a hand-held mobile phone while driving a CMV can result in driver disqualification. Penalties can be up to $2,750 for drivers and up to $11,000 for employers who allow or require drivers to use a hand-held communications device while driving.
- Disqualification – Multiple violations of the prohibition of using a hand-held mobile phone while driving a CMV can result in a driver disqualification by FMCSA. Multiple violations of State laws prohibiting use of a mobile phone while driving a CMV is a serious traffic violation that could result in a disqualification by a State of drivers required to have a Commercial Drivers License.
- What are the risks? – Using a hand-held mobile phone is risky because it requires the driver to reach for and dial the phone to make a call. Reaching for a phone out of the driver's immediate area is risky as well as dialing because these actions take the driver's eyes off the roadway.
- The rule applies to drivers operating a commercial motor vehicle on a roadway, including moving forward or temporarily stationary because of traffic, traffic control devices, or other momentary delays.
- A mounted phone is acceptable as long as it is mounted close to the driver.
- Impact on Safety Measurement System (SMS) Results – Violations negatively impact SMS results, and they carry the maximum severity weight.
Make sure the mobile telephone is within close enough proximity that it is operable while the driver is restrained by properly installed and adjusted seat belts.
- Use an earpiece or the speaker phone function.
- Use voice-activated dialing.
- Use the hands-free feature. To comply, a driver must have his or her mobile telephone located where he or she is able to initiate, answer, or terminate a call by touching a single button. The driver must be in the seated driving position and properly restrained by a seat belt. Drivers are not in compliance if they unsafely reach for a mobile phone, even if they intend to use the hands-free function.
No Call, No Text, No Ticket!


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It seems that Perl can only have strings as the keys of a hash. (Has this been changed in a certain version of Perl?) It is very limiting to only be able to use strings as the key. What if I wanted an object or an array to be the key? In Python it is easy to use an array, tuple, and other objects that can compare, as dict keys. Perl does have the ability to compare things like arrays for equality, so I don't see why they can't be used as mapping-type keys.
Isn't there a way to use any key type in Perl? Is there a module that provides this?
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4 Answers
Yes it does, use fieldhashes (Hash::Util::FieldHash for 5.10+ and Hash::Util::FieldHash::Compat for before 5.10) to register your hashes as fieldhashes, and you can use any reference (and thus, any object) as a key for those hashes (it numifies the reference, essentially, and provides logic for dealing with CLONEing across threads and garbage collecting the keys), for example:
use Hash::Util qw/fieldhashes/;
fieldhashes \my (%foo, %bar, %baz);
my %data = (a => 1, b => 2, c => 3);
my $stuff = {t => 2, u => 3, l => 9};
$foo{\%data} = 'x';
$foo{$stuff} = 'a';
$bar{\%data} = 'y';
$bar{$stuff} = 'b';
$baz{\%data} = 'z';
$baz{$stuff} = 'c';
print "$foo{\%data} $bar{\%data} $baz{\%data}\n";
print "$foo{$stuff} $bar{$stuff} $baz{$stuff}\n";
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Yes, there is module for this on CPAN: Tie::Hash::StructKeyed. It takes into account whole structure, but as a snapshot. each/keys will return original reference.
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AFAIK Perl simply stringifies the keys?
package Foo;
use Moose;
use overload ('""' => \&stringify);
sub stringify {
 return "xxx";
package main;
use v5.10;
use Data::Dump 'pp';
my $foo = Foo->new;
my $hash = {$foo => 'bar'};
say pp($hash); // { xxx => "bar" }
This way you can also use whatever you want as a hash key. See also this thread on Perl Monks.
As for the equality, take a look at equality operators in perlop. The == operator compares numerically, the eq operator compares stringwise. This means that for example (4, 2) == (1, 2) is true (as scalar (4, 2) is 2), which might be a surprise for you.
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Contrary to what you said, Perl does NOT have the ability to compare things like arrays for equality as you claim. For starters, Perl has no definition for array equality. And if the definition requires comparing the contents of the array, then Perl doesn't have definitions of equality for most things that can be found in an array either.
The closest Perl has for a definition of equality arrays is their address. If that's what you want to use, then it's quite easy:
$key = ['a', 'b'];
$hash{$key} = [ $key, $val ]; # Prevents the key from being freed.
print $hash{$key}[1];
Otherwise, Perl leaves it up to you to implement what you want instead of forcing you to use what it provides. I see two main approaches.
A tied hash, basically code that presents the interface of a hash without actually being a hash table, can support any key type. You could use it to define your version of array equality. There might even be an existing module (although I didn't see one after a very quick search).
Another approach would be to create a function that produces a unique key from the key expression.
sub key{ "_USER_" } # Overly simplistic?
$hash{key('a', 'b')} = $val;
print $hash{key('a', 'b')};
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Perl also can compare content of arrays: print 'ok' if (['a',1] ~~ ['a',1]); – Alexandr Ciornii Aug 16 '11 at 9:41
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text:
Rising Joy by Vicki Matheny
(For they had seen Trophimus the Ephesian in the city with him previously, and they assumed Paul had brought him into the inner temple courts.) Acts 21.29
How often do you assume too much? Instead of asking the simple question "Why?" or "What?", you jump to the wrong conclusions, many times, causing not only yourself, but others great sorrow, not to mention confusion.
Paul had returned to Jerusalem. He had taken a vow along with four others. He had gone to the temple to give notice of the day when their purification would be completed, when the sacrifice would be offered for each of them.
Having almost completed the days of purification, some Jews from the province of Asia, having seen Paul in the city with Trophimus, who was a Greek from Ephesus, stirred up the people. They falsely accused Paul of having brought Greeks into the inner courts of the temple. They assumed that since Paul was seen with Trophimus in the city, Paul had also taken him into the inner courts of the temple making it unclean ritually.
What followed was an angry mob that tried to kill Paul by beating him. When soldiers arrived, the commanding officer was unable to get to the truth because of the disturbance. Paul had to be carried by the soldiers because of the violence of the mob.
All because someone assumed the wrong thing.


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Mosaic was created as a Google Summer of Code project by Chao Zhang in collaboration with the National Resource for Network Biology (NRNB). Please contact us with any feedback or questions.
And if you end up using Mosaic in your research, please cite this publication:
Chao Z, Hanspers K, Kuchinsky A, Salomonis N, Xu D, and Pico AR. Mosaic: Making Biological Sense of Complex Networks. Bioinformatics 2012, 28, 14:1943-4.
Mosaic is supported by the National Resource for Network Biology (P41 GM103504).
Note that Mosaic requires the CyThesaurus plugin, version 1.3.1 or higher:
- Select a network to load under File>Import Network (Multiple File Types). The network can be in any of the Cytoscape supported network file formats.
- Start Mosaic by selecting Plugins>Mosaic.
- If this is the first time running Mosaic on your network, you will see a message in the Retrieve GO Annotations section of the Mosaic interface to download necessary databases. Click Download to continue. Mosaic will download the necessary database for your data. It is only necessary to download datbases once per species.
- Once database download is complete, Mosaic will prompt you to annotate your network with GO annotation. Click Annotate to continue. You can save the annotated network as a session file for future use. You can also re-annotate the network with the latest annotations from GO at any time by clicking Re-annotate.
- In the Select Attributes section, verify that the
correct attributes are selected.
Note: It is possible to select node attributes other than GO annotation for partitiong and node color, but not for layout. Using alternate annotations involves importing annotation data prior to running Mosaic.
- In the Set Parameters section you can choose several
parameters that will directly affect the results of Mosaic:
- Minimum nodes to view: The minimum number of nodes in a subnetwork. Any subnetworks with fewer nodes will not be shown. Default is 5.
- Maximum nodes to view: The maximum number of nodes in a subnetwork. Any subnetworks with more nodes will not be shown. Default is 200.
- GO level cutoff for partition: The level of the GO hierarchy used for partitioning into subnetworks. Selecting a deeper level (larger number) results in a larger number of subnetworks. You can always drill deeper into a given subnetwork after running the initial partition. Default is 2. Note that for the purposes of this manual, GO level cutoff was set for "All the way", meaning to the deepest possible level of GO.
- Spacing between nodes: Spacing between nodes in a given subnetwork. Default is 30.
- Click Run to start Mosaic.
- To locate a particular subnetwork, select the network in the Mosaic side panel to highlight it in the tiled view.
- To view a particular subnetwork, click the Maximize button at the top left of the tiled window.
- Move nodes by click and drag to optimize the layout.
- Delete nodes and/or edges.
- Zoom in and out.
- Use the Network Overview Pane in the lower left corner of the Cytoscape window to navigate around the network.
- Highlight a set of nodes to view associated attributes in the Data Panel. To add specific attributes to the display, click the Select Attributes button in the Data Panel and select the attributes you want to see from the list.
- Search for specific nodes by typing the name of the node in the Search field in the Cytoscape toolbar. If the node is found, this will refocus the network view on the node.
- Select a non-end branch by clicking on it in the Mosaic tab in the Control Panel.
- Right-click on the branch and select Partition This Network. You will be able to select a specific subnetwork to create, or you can select all.
In addition to the visual style that is applied to the overview network, the corresponding attribute values used to create the visual style is available as a set of node and edge attributes. The attributes are
- evidences: nodes classified in the GO/process (node attribute)
- subnetworkSize: number of nodes classified in the GO/process(node attribute)
- commonEvidences: nodes in common (edge attribute)
- overlapCount: number of nodes in common (edge attribute)
- After importing a network, go to File>Import>Attribute from Table (Text/MS Excel)... to open the Import Annotation File interface.
- Select the annotation file. In the Advanced section, select Show Text File Import Options. In the Attribute Names section, select Transfer first line as attribute names.
- In Advanced, select Show Mapping Options and verify that the correct column in the annotation file is mapped to the appropriate network attribute (i.e. matching identifiers).
- In the Preview section, deselct columns that you don't want to import by clicking on the column header. The column should be highlighted in grey if de-selected. The interface should now look like this:
- Click Import to start the import.
- When import is finished, select a few nodes in the network and verify in the Data Table that the annotation was imported correctly.
- Start Mosaic. In the Select Attributes section, select the imported attribute under Attribute to use for node coloring. Click Annotate to annotate the network with GO for partitioning and layout.
- Each subnetwork will now be colored based on the predicted miRNA binding sites.


fimosis (of Greek phimos φῑμός) is a condition of the cutaneous Annexes of Penis that alters the mechanics of this organ. The fimosis must Estenosis of the prepucial orifice that prevents the complete retraction of prepucio to leave Glande shortage, actively during the flaccidity of the penis, or passively during the erection.
Or still more simple, the fimosis is the narrowness of prepucio, is worth to say, glande cannot be discovered. The normal thing is that glande can be discovered to be able to clean up it in flácido state and to have pleasant sexual relations.
Prepucio is developed as a small layer of epitelio that surrounds glande, as of the twelfth week of gestation. For the moment of the birth, it hides glande completely and is adhered strongly to his epitelio. In the course of the first four to five years of age, the gradual separation of prepucio takes place, by means of the intermittent erections and the accumulation of cells of moulting, which do not have to be confused like Esmegma .
If prepucio until behind glande cannot be dissuaded completely, then there would be fimosis. All the prepucios automatically do not dissuade when experimenting an erection of the penis. If it can be done manually, fimosis is not had.
The fimosis is quite frequent, mainly in children, before Adolescence . Esteem that only less than 2% of the adolescents of 17 years suffer fimosis. In 95% of new born the prepucial retraction is difficult. To the 6 months only 20% of the prepucios are retractable, to the year 50% are retractable and to the 3 years 90% are retractable.
Usually it has several degrees, from a painful narrowness during the erection that lets discover glande, to a punctiform estenosis that makes difficult until Urination . A classification has become of the fimosis in 3 categories:
Punctiform Fimosis: that one in which the prepucial orifice is of a minimum diameter, as soon as appreciable, with the surrounding skin of normal aspect and thickness.
Nonretractable cicatricial or annular Fimosis: that one in which the skin that surrounds the prepucial orifice indurada or is thickened, habitually by previous balanopostitis.
Annular Fimosis: those cases that cannot be included neither in previous groups, being prepucio narrowed in major or measured minor and by some circumstance exist complications or failure for the retraction.
It is thought that the cause of the fimosis is congenital, but also can have to retractions forced of prepucio of the babies during his hygiene by the parents, that creates fibrous ring in prepucio and balanoprepuciales adhesions.
In the adults the fimosis causes usually are varied, the chronic or recidivante balanopostitis, in mainly diabetic, obliterante xerótica balanitis and traumatisms (direct, violent sexual acts, urologic manipulations).
Fimosis and parafimosis
Parafimosis is necessary to differentiate the fimosis from urologic urgency produced by Inflammation or Edema of prepucio, that prevents the covering of glande after its forced retraction and that produces a constriction or strangling of glande by a ring of prepucio that has been dissuaded, at the risk of Necrosis of glande, that can inflict its casualty. He is relatively frequent in adults with urinary drilling and children after his first peneanas manipulations.
The worse acute complication is Parafimosis . In this acute situation, glande is swollen and adolorido, and prepucio is immobilized by the inflammation, in a position partially dissuaded. The proximal part of the penis follows flácida. The parafimosis is considered a emergencia.
Complications of the fimosis
 - painful Sex : due to the lack of sliding of prepucio on glande and the penis.
 - Balanitis : is Infection of the penis, due to the accumulation of Esmegma in the balanoprepucial space.
 - Infections of urine : if the infection of esmegma promotes by Uretra .
 - Problems in urination: that oscillates from Disuria, until acute retentions of repetition urine and that require urinary drilling.
 - balanoprepuciales Adhesions: is the union of prepucio with glande, that complica plus the fimosis and that can be present in the absence of fimosis.
 - Cancer of penis : is the rarest complication, with a smaller incidence of 1/100,000 men to the year, that can have to the fimosis persistence after the puberty.
 - Parafimosis : occurs when glande happens of form forced through a narrow fimótico ring, next edematiza, it becomes inflamed, and it cannot return to the normal position. The inflammatory changes progress in the part retained under pressure (glande) and will not stop until their reduction surgical manual or. It must be avoided with a manipulation adapted before the fimosis existence.
Treatment of the fimosis
The fimosis generally deals with medical Circuncisión, realized by Urologist in conditions of asepsis and with necessary the surgical supplies.
Usually it is realized as of the three years of age, because before, the majority of the prepuciales estrecheces is reversible. After the three years, the own boy in his daily hygiene and later with Masturbation, allows the solution of the majority of the supposed fimosis.
Before resorting to the circuncisión, Treatment with topical Corticoids indicated by the pediatrician as of the three years during about two or three months and with the aid of smooth retractions can solve the fimosis.
2% or less than the adult men than suffer fimosis, could be reduced still more, since the treatment lacks risks in the majority of the cases, because not always the circuncisión is necessary.
Fimosis in history
 - Maria Antonieta was 14 years old and Luis XVI, the future king of France was 15 years old when they contracted marriage in 1770 . Luis suffered a genital anomaly, evidently was fimosis, was corrected with a small surgery after the 7 years of the wedding. Maria Antonieta could give finally to light her first son the following year.
 - President of the United States of America, James Garfield, was assassinated in 1881 by Charles Guiteau . After died the assassin, the report of its autopsy indicated that it suffered of fimosis. This took to the conclusion that the behavior of Charles Guiteau had to the madness produced by this genital anomaly.
 Random links:Hayabusa | Pedro Moriana Pineapple | Ryoji Noyori | Treaty of Bayonne (1388) | X-rays
© 2007-2008 speedlook.com; article text available under the terms of GFDL, from fr.wikipedia.org


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Kids don't just play video games anymore – they make them! The winners of the 2012 National STEM Video Game Challenge were recently announced in Washington, D.C. Inspired by President Obama's "Educate to Innovate Campaign," the competition seeks to motivate interest in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) learning by tapping into students' natural passion for playing and making video games. "Well-designed video games can help students excel in STEM and have fun doing it", said Tom Kalil, Deputy Director for Policy in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Twenty-eight middle school and high school students from across the country were selected as winners for their original game designs. In addition, two winners were awarded in the Collegiate category and three in the Educator category. Game highlights for the winners can be found online.
National STEM Video Game Challenge Winners Announced
June 6, 2012 by wgbyeducation


. The tuples
 are logically arranged into lines using the line field in
 the structure. The possible type's of query are and the
 attributes on each returned tuple line is:
 ip find the IP addresses. Returns domain name (dom) and
 ip address (ip).
 ipv6 find the IPv6 addresses. Returns domain name (dom) and
 Page 4 Plan 9 (printed 9/26/22)
 NDB(2) NDB(2)
 ipv6 address (ip).
 mx look up the mail exchangers. Returns preference (pref)
 and exchanger (mx).
 ptr do a reverse query. Here domainname must be an ASCII
 IP address. Returns reverse name (ptr) and domain name
 (dom).
 cname
 get the system that this name is a nickname for.
 Returns the nickname (dom) and the real name (cname).
 soa return the start of area record for this field.
 Returns area name (dom), primary name server (ns),
 serial number (serial), refresh time in seconds
 (refresh), retry time in seconds (retry), expiration
 time in seconds (expire), and minimum time to lie
 (ttl).
 srv get the service records. Returns the priority of tar-
 get host (pri), relative weight (weight) for entries
 with the same priority, port on this target host of
 this service (port), and the domain name of the target
 host (target).
 txt get the descriptive text. The semantics of the text
 depends on the domain.
 ns name servers. Returns domain name (dom) and name
 server (ns).
 Ndbfindattr searches entry for the tuple with attribute attr
 and returns a pointer to the tuple. If line points to a
 particular line in the entry, the search starts there and
 then wraps around to the beginning of the entry.
 All of the routines provided to search the database provide
 an always consistent view of the relevant files. However,
 it may be advantageous for an application to read in the
 whole database using ndbopen and ndbparse and provide its
 own search routines. The ndbchanged routine can be used by
 the application to periodically check for changes. It
 returns zero if none of the files comprising the database
 have changes and non-zero if they have.
 Finally, a number of routines are provided for manipulating
 tuples.
 Ndbdiscard removes attr/val pair a from tuple t and frees
 it. If a isn't in t it is just freed.
 Page 5 Plan 9 (printed 9/26/22)
 NDB(2) NDB(2)
 Ndbconcatenate concatenates two tuples and returns the
 result. Either or both tuples may be nil.
 Ndbreorder reorders a tuple t to make the line containing
 attr/val pair a first in the entry and making a first in its
 line.
 Ndbsubstitute replaces a single attr/val pair from in t with
 the tuple to. All attr/val pairs in to end up on the same
 line. from is freed.
 Ndbdedup removes duplicate attr/val pairs from tuple list t.
 Ndbsetmalloctag sets the malloc tag (see setmalloctag in
 malloc(2)) of each tuple in the list t to tag.
 FILES
 /lib/ndb directory of network database files
 SOURCE
 /sys/src/libndb
 SEE ALSO
 ndb(6), ndb(8)
 Page 6 Plan 9 (printed 9/26/22)


I am using a switching voltage regulator to go from 5V to 3.3V, 1A of output current. The datasheet specifies 22uF ceramic capacitors for the input and output. Can I use 2 10uF capacitors instead of one 22uF capacitor?
Besides the difference in frequency response (10uF has a higher resonant frequency), is there a reason why one 22uF would be better than using two 10uF?
 - \$\begingroup\$ Normally, that would be ok. 22 uF ceramic? Or electrolytic? \$\endgroup\$ – Mike Waters Jan 12 '17 at 0:43
 - \$\begingroup\$ Its close enough so you should be OK. Keep the two caps electrically close together. And since it is a switcher, remember to pay attention to the type of capacitor the manufacturer recommends. The wrong type of capacitor could effect the longevity and reliability of the circuit more than the 2uF difference from the recommended value. \$\endgroup\$ – Randy Jan 12 '17 at 0:44
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_, it specifies "Low ESR Ceramic (MLCC)". \$\endgroup\$ – Adam B Jan 12 '17 at 0:50
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ To get a really concrete answer, please post the part numbers for: your switching voltage regulator, the 22uF capacitor, the 10uF capacitor. \$\endgroup\$ – Nick Alexeev Jan 12 '17 at 1:11
Two is usually better than one for ceramic.
In a non-electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitors with solid electrolyte the metallic resistance of the leads and electrodes and losses in the dielectric cause the ESR. Typically quoted values of ESR for ceramic capacitors are between 0.01 and 0.1 ohms. ESR of non-electrolytic capacitors tends to be fairly stable over time; for most purposes real non-electrolytic capacitors can be treated as ideal components. (Wikipedia on ESR)
The ESR for the capacitors are limited by the manufacturing process and related more to physical size than value. Depending on the type of capacitor being used, the ESR of two in parallel will be less than a single capacitor of twice the value.
If you look at this Murata catalog you will see that the ESR is defined for a range of physical sizes rather than per capacitance value.
Two 10uF would probably be better, due to them likely having lower ESR or equivalent series resistance. If it calls for ceramic, stick to ceramic. Don't change type of capacitor, as the different types can have drastically different ESR. The only reason one 22uF would be better is because there is one less component to place on the PCB and might cost slightly less.
 - \$\begingroup\$ Thanks! The datasheet specifies "Low ESR Ceramics". The 22uF are 9x more expensive (probably due to the size), so using 2 10uF seems like a better option. \$\endgroup\$ – Adam B Jan 12 '17 at 0:49
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ Yes, the very high capacitance ceramic caps in a small package can get very expensive since it's pushing the limits of the technology. I also use several parallel caps when I need low profile height. \$\endgroup\$ – Vince Patron Jan 12 '17 at 0:57
 - \$\begingroup\$ Yes the larger value ceramics can get more expensive, however consider the larger footprint of two components, the added cost of a second component, and setup/tooling and placement fees for automated assembly. It probably would be less overall for two components, but due dilligence is a good idea here. PS make sure the cap's voltage rating is double the maximum peak ripple voltage (and don't overshoot RMS current) for best reliability. \$\endgroup\$ – rdtsc Jan 12 '17 at 12:19
Your Answer


Mars Society Analog Rover Teams Given Green Light Mars Society
In a major step forward for the group, The Mars Society today announced that three teams will receive funds to build an analog Mars rover. The goal of the analog Mars rover project is to allow direct member participation in important humans-to-Mars research, while at the same time raising public awareness that Mars is a goal in humankind


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Conference paper Open Access
Kilian, Lena; Owen, Anne; Newing, Andy; Ivanova, Diana
Income is consistently shown to be a good predictor of consumption-based household greenhouse gas emissions. Within a wider research project aiming to understand changes in household emission patterns over time and across UK neighbourhoods, this paper aims to explore the spatial-temporal patterns of the relationship between consumption-based emissions of UK neighbourhoods and income between the years 2007-2017. In light of job losses and income cuts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, this research allows us to predict how consumption-based emissions may have changed as a result of the pandemic.


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Mike Gamroth, Oregon State University
Updated in September 2006 in coordination with:
Zach Loboy, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
Eric Moeggenberg, Oregon Department of Agriculture
Don Hansen, Oregon Department of Agriculture
Rendering plants once offered quick, affordable pickup of animal mortalities and byproducts. However, recent declines in the price of useful commodities produced from animal carcasses have curtailed or eliminated many rendering operations in Oregon. Now, sending animal mortalities and byproducts for rendering may no longer be an economically viable option for many of Oregon's livestock owners.
This document has been prepared to provide alternate disposal options for animal mortalities and byproducts where rendering services are not available or economical.
It is legal to simply allow nature to take its course. If you choose this action you must deposit the dead animal to a location that is at least one-half mile from any dwelling and at least a one-quarter mile from any open water way (ORS 601.140) and let scavengers eat the carcass. It is important to note that this method of disposal is not acceptable in instances where numerous carcasses must be disposed of, and is not available for disposal of animal byproducts generated during butchering.
You need a large farm or ranch to make this work and it is the least desirable of the alternatives for many reasons. Animal carcasses left to decay naturally above ground or buried in shallow pits pose a hazard to groundwater and surface water and can jeopardize the health of domestic livestock, wildlife and pets.
Certain permitted landfills are allowed to take small and large animal carcasses as well as waste animal byproducts. There may be an extra fee to dump large carcasses and large volumes of animal mortality and byproducts. Call your local landfill to find out if they can accept animal carcasses. A list of landfills and phone numbers can be found on the Internet at _URL_ If the landfill does not accept animal carcasses, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) may be able to grant an exception. You would need to work with both the landfill operator and your local DEQ office to see if an exception is possible. Phone numbers to local DEQ offices can be found in most phone books in the blue tabbed Government pages, or at the following website _URL_
Animal mortalities and byproducts can be incinerated in a DEQ approved incinerator or cremation unit. Operation of an incinerator or cremation unit requires a permit from the DEQ Air Quality program. Economic reasons, and availability of incineration units in the state, currently make this option generally unavailable. More information on incinerator regulations can be found at _URL_
Animal mortality and byproducts can not be open burned [OAR _PHONE_(3)]. The open burning of carcasses of animals that have died or been destroyed because of an animal disease emergency is allowed only when authorized by Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) [ORS 596.393 and OAR _PHONE_(10)].
It is legal to bury animal mortalities on your farm if certain requirements are met and specific recommendations are followed. The bottom of the hole must be dry (not in a water table). The dead animal should be covered with hydrated lime, and then covered with at least 4' of soil mounded up to allow for settling as the carcass decomposes [ORS 601.090(7)]. Burials should be at least 500' from surface waters or wells, preferably downhill from the well. Burial of large dead animals will probably require a backhoe because an adult cow burial takes a hole approximately 2' x 7' x 8' deep.
It is important to note that this method of disposal is not acceptable for disposal of animal byproducts generated during butchering. Burial of large volumes of dead animals is not appropriate unless conducted under a Catastrophic Animal Mortality Management Plan. It should also be noted that if you bring in animals from other locations to be buried on your farm you may be subject to additional disposal regulations from the DEQ, the ODA, and the local land use planning authority. Please contact the DEQ, and the ODA, and the local land use planning authority before burying dead animals on your property if the animals did not originate from your farm.
While not the simplest method of disposal, composting animal mortalities and byproducts allows you to recycle the nutrients in the carcasses and is a sound environmental practice. If you are going to compost animal mortalities and byproducts on your farm, you must have a composting plan on file with ODA, and be implementing that plan. The plan must include a drawing of your composting area, a description of how you will contain any runoff from the compost piles or bins, a description of the process you will use, and a description of how the compost will be used on the farm. Details of the plan and assistance are available from the Natural Resources Division at the Oregon Department of Agriculture, _PHONE_. If you are going to compost animal mortalities and byproducts and intend to bring in animal mortality and byproducts from off-farm sites you will need a composting permit from the DEQ.
The basic composting process is relatively easy. It must be done on concrete or a similar impervious surface that prevents nutrient leaching. In western Oregon, it is wise to have a roof to control moisture added by rainfall. Bins or walls on the compost pile make turning the compost easier. To compost dead animals, start with a 12" layer of dry straw, sawdust, or dry manure solids. Drag or lift the carcass onto this layer. A small opening in the body cavity will prevent bloating. Some sources recommend cutting open the body cavity and large muscle groups for faster decomposition, however livestock farmers report this is not necessary. Cover the carcass with 2' to 3' of manure solids, sawdust, or other carbon source. Maintain moisture in the pile about like silage; damp, not wet. Add more manure solids, or other carbon material like sawdaust, and water as needed. The pile must heat to over 131° Fahrenheit for at least 3 days to kill human, and animal, pathogens. The pile will be ready to turn in 15-30 days and will need to be turned about 5 times. The carcass should be fully composted in about 180 days. Some literature recommends reusing some of the finished compost as the base for the next pile. Up to 30% of the total volume of the base material required can be from the finished compost. Also, some of the left over bones can add structure to the foundation material for enhanced aeration.
Applying this compost to crops directly consumed by people is not currently recommended. The Cornell Waste Management Institute has stated that the compost can be used on hay, corn, winter wheat, tree plantations and forestland.
Other resources on composting and animal mortality disposal can be found in the "Additional Resources" section at the end of this document.
It is unclear whether prions, the proteins that cause Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis (Mad Cow Disease), are destroyed in the composting process. Animals showing signs of a neurological disease must be reported to the ODA and disposed of in an appropriate manner. Animals that show signs of a neurological disease, and those with anthrax, should not be composted.
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality composting webpage
Oregon Department of Agriculture
Oregon Revised Statutes, Chapter 601- Dead Animals
National Renderers Association Membership Directory
Mukhtar, S.; Auvermann, B.; Heflin, K.; Boriack, C. "A Low Maintenance Approach to Large Carcass Composting." American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) Meeting Paper No. 032263. St. Joseph, Mich. ASAE, 2003.
Bonhotal, J.; Telega, L.; Petzen, J. Natural Rendering: Composting Livestock Mortality and Butcher Waste--Fact Sheet. Cornell Waste Management Institute Educational Resources, 2002.
NRCS, NHCP. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Conservation Practice Standard 316-Animal Mortality Facility. March, 2003.
NRCS, NHCP. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Conservation Practice Standard 317--Composting Facility. October, 2003.
Carcass Disposal. Minnesota Board of Animal Health, May, 2006
Whole Animal Composting of Dairy Cattle, Guide D-108. Michael Looper, New Mexico Cooperative Extension. May, 2002.
Composting Animal Mortalities, Debra Morse, University of Minnesota/Minnesota Department of Agriculture. July, 2001.


text:
RNA Stabilization Solution
|RNA Stabilization Solution
RNA Stabilization Solution is an aqueous tissue storage reagent that stabilizes and protects cellular RNA in intact, unfrozen tissue samples. RNA Stabilization Solution eliminates the need to immediately process tissue samples or to freeze samples in liquid nitrogen for later processing. Tissue pieces can be harvested and submerged in RNA Stabilization Solution for storage without jeopardizing the quality or quantity of RNA obtained after subsequent RNA isolation. RNA Stabilization Solution can be added to cell pellets and even cells in medium. The samples can then be stored frozen or unfrozen.
- Simplifies sample collection—one reagent immediately inactivates RNases and stabilizes RNA within tissues or cells.
- More flexibility—no need to freeze samples in liquid nitrogen or rush samples back to the lab freezer.
- Eliminates the need to freeze and grind most tissue samples.
- Perfect for tissue collection "in the field".
- Flexible tissue storage—RNA is stable for 1 day at 37°C, 1 week at 25°C, 1 month at 4°C or long term at -20°C.
- Compatible with many RNA isolation procedures.
- Protecting RNA integrity in tissues rich in RNases.
- Collecting samples from different time points without having to process the samples from each time point immediately.
- Archiving tissues for future microdissection.
- Submerging animal cavities or organs in RNA Stabilization Solution to stabilize RNA during long, tedious dissections.
- Collecting samples at locations (e.g., hospitals, field sites, the space shuttle) where immediate RNA isolation is not possible.
- Shipping samples on wet ice or even at room temperature if shipped overnight.
Storage and stability
- Store RNA Stabilization Solution at room temperature.
- If any precipitation of RNA Stabilization Solution is seen, heat it to 37°C and agitate to redissolve it.
Disposal of RNA Stabilization Solution
RNA Stabilization Solution can be safely discarded down the sink and flushed with water.
Guidelines for Use of RNA Stabilization Solution
- Use RNA Stabilization Solution with fresh tissue only; do not freeze tissues before immersion in RNA Stabilization Solution.
- Before immersion in RNA Stabilization Solution, cut large tissue samples to ≤0.5 cm in any single dimension.
- Place the fresh tissue in 5–10 volumes of RNA Stabilization Solution.
- Most samples in RNA Stabilization Solution can be stored at room temperature for 1 week without compromising RNA quality, or at –20°C or –80°C indefinitely.
- Do not freeze samples in RNA Stabilization Solution immediately; store at 4°C overnight (to allow the solution to thoroughly penetrate the tissue), remove supernatant, then move to –20°C or –80°C for long-term storage.