Berwick-upon-Tweed Barracks and Main Guard
Berwick-upon-Tweed Barracks and Main Guard
Berwick Barracks was built in 1717 to a design by architect Nicholas Hawksmoor, making it one of the first purpose-built military barracks in Britain. Construction took place between 1719 and 1721 and produced a barracks large enough to house 600 men with 36 officers.
The Barracks are composed of two three-storey blocks divided by a square. The other sides of the square were filled with a store block (called the Clock Block) and a gatehouse. Although Hawksmoor is credited with the design, the finished project is quite different, leading to the conclusion that the original design was heavily altered by Thomas Phillips, engineer to the Board of Ordinance.
Within the Barracks are three separate museums; the King's Own Scottish Borderers Museum, the Berwick Borough Museum, and the Berwick Gymnasium Art Gallery. The soldier's barracks now hosts a special exhibit called 'By Beat of Drum', which recounts what life was like in the military over the years.
Nearby is Main Guard, a Georgian house on Berwick quay, built to act as a guardhouse. Within Main Guardhouse is a special exhibition, on 'The Story of a Border Garrison Town', telling the rich and often turbulent history of Berwick.
The Clock Block entrance
The Clock Block entrance
Berwick's location on (or within) the Scottish border made it a frequent target for attacks by both English and Scottish forces. The town changed hands 14 times during the late medieval period, and it was not until 1482 that it could realistically be considered English.
The Jacobite rebellion of 1715 emphasised the importance of Berwick to defend against a Scottish incursion along the east coast. The English government wanted to make sure that Berwick was able to block a new Jacobite invasion, so a large number of soldiers needed to be stationed there. Until the 18th-century soldiers were usually billeted in houses or taverns, which did nothing to help discipline.
The innovative solution was a dedicated barracks where troops could live and maintain the sort of military readiness needed to protect against a Jacobite attack. A site for the Barracks was found within Berwick's Elizabethan defences. The barracks were completed by 1721 and composed of 2 accommodation blocks. Officers had one or two rooms each, depending on rank, but 8 enlisted men were crowded into a single room and had to share large beds.
There was no sanitation and no running water. Clearly, the barracks were not designed for comfort, and budget constraints meant the buildings were shorn of all but absolutely necessary embellishments.
In 1739 the Clock Block was added. It initially served as a storage space and later became the Regimental Institute. A hospital was built in 1741, and an officers mess built onto the inner face of the main gate.
After Bonnie Prince Charlie's failed 1745 Jacobite Rising the Barracks became less important. It was often garrisoned by troops considered unfit for combat. It was completely abandoned after the Napoleonic Wars until a small garrison took up residence in the 1850s. Then in 1881, the King's Own Borderers (later the King's Own Scottish Borderers) made Berwick their headquarters, though no regular troops remain in residence today.
Our family really enjoyed visiting the Barracks, particularly the museum settings which showed how ordinary soldiers lived and worked here. Do take time to visit the 17th-century church of Holy Trinity, just opposite the Barracks entrance.


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Preschool Printable Lined Paper – Lined paper is a type of writing paper which contains horizontal lines that are utilized as a guides for a more consistent and clear writing. In the United States the three most common standard formats are: college ruled, wide ruled paper and narrow ruled paper
Developing a lined paper template doesn't appear difficult. The printable templates on this page could plainly attest to that. It is basic to develop lined paper design templates, though this depends mostly on how how basic it looks.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Popular Culture and Mass Media Section
Over the last twenty years, there has been an increasing academic interest in the materiality of culture, in the transitions from folk to popular and to mass culture, and in the increasing presence and the polarization of mediums (such as videos or comics) that break the barriers between "high" and "low" culture, etc. The increased numbers of papers presented through the Mass Media and Popular Culture Congress Track show the growing interest in, and importance of, a difficult to define area of studies.
However, despite the many papers on photography, posters, videos, science fiction, online communities, etc., none of the current LASA (Latin American Studies Association) Sections truly reflect on this growing interest. Even the Film Studies Section, which closely touches upon one of the topics at the core of mass media studies, is more interested in "high" criticism and production.
The current proposed Section on Popular Culture and Mass Media attempts to fill in a vacuum for interdisciplinary studies within LASA. This section will bring together researchers interested in the cross cultural, interdisciplinary study of both emerging social practices as well as cultural objects produced for popular consumption. The section will offer field practitioners the opportunity to debate and theorize about new perspectives and insights into the social sphere from the perspective of the materiality of culture. The section will foster collaborative projects, research, and the exchange of information of a globalized field.
Section activities could eventually include, but should be not be limited to, pre-conferences on specific topics such as increasing the production of science fiction culture in Latin America or the impact of sports culture in everyday politics, workshops or discussion groups on theoretical issues such as the emergence of new forms of sociability and agency fueled by online communities, and finally, special panels or guests during the LASA Congresses.
I look forward for your participation.
Silvia G. Kurlat Ares, Ph. D.


text:
A roundtable discussion was organized on the topic "Women in society: problems and solutions" by M. Abbasova, Chairperson of the Council of Women and Girls of "Silk Road" International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage, and psychologist D. Turdiyeva, together with employees responsible for cleanliness (janitors) working at the university on March 2, 2023.
M. Abbasova, the chairwoman of the Women's Council, who opened the event, noted that special attention is paid to the protection of women rights and freedoms in her speech "Women's rights are protected by the state". She spoke about the planned and implemented measures at the university to increase the social activity and legal literacy of women put forward by the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Also, in order to appreciate the work of the employees responsible for cleanliness, as the chairwoman of the women's council of the university, she addressed the students and professors and emphasized that everyone is equally responsible for cleanliness.
In her turn, the practicing psychologist of the university, Dildora Turdieva conducted motivational training named "Everything is in your hands!". Detailed information was provided on how to properly spend our energy reserves and direct it. Exercises that help the energetic and emotional development of a person, relieve headaches, fatigue, and mental stress were performed. The action game "Let's say hello" gave a positive mood to all participants. The "Stairway of Proportion" methodology determined the current psychological state of employees and helped to correct it.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


How to drain an inground pool with a hose
Remove the hose from the pool or raise the drain end higher than the water level. Before emptying an in-ground pool, open all hydrostatic relief valves, if your . Just follow the steps listed below.
This picture shows how the discharge valves would be set while draining your pool. This procedure involves completely draining an in ground swimming pool, something. You just turn off the pool pump, chuck the suction hose over in the pool, . Some of the reasons for draining an inground swimming pool include:.
Waste, and drain the water out of the backwash hose. Swimming pool water can get bad over the years — so bad that chemicals lose their effectiveness. Is it safe to drain an inground pool using the main drain? Next, attach the hose to the sump pump and lower the pump into the . Emptying an In-ground Swimming Pool. Put one end of the hose in the pool water and position it so the hose lays on the . If in-ground pool, offer its use to local skakeboarders if they will drain it.
Most above ground pools usually have one hose coming out of the pool and another hose that returns to the pool. Since there is no main drain.
French drains in gravel around the pool deck, . Inground pools are obviously much more difficult than above ground when it comes to finding leaks. Why Draining Your Inground Swimming Pool Could Be Dangerous. Attach the drainage hose to the pump according to the directions and set it . Those roll up hoses can also have small holes in them to drain as . This hose will need to be long enough to reach a. How To Drain Water Off Swimming Pool Cover With Garden Hose. For Draining excess water from your pool or back-washing and cleaning your pool.
Commercial Grade Inground Backwash Discharge Swimming Pool Hose.


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This is the wildflower for which the Burren in County Clare is famed. Although there are many startlingly attractive flowers growing in this wonderful limestone area of western Ireland, the Spring Gentian is the plant which has become best known of all by those seeking to see the Burren's great variety of flowers. Its pure, bright blue solitary flowers (20–25 mm across) are extremely beautiful. As each of the five petal tubes unfurl, they spread to reveal a little white throat. Each flower has small fringed lobes or scales between its petals. The flowers are borne on upright stems, the leaves being bright green, oval, mostly in a basal rosette. These exquisite flowers bloom from late April to June. They are best found on grassy areas, near sand dunes and rocky pastures. In Ireland they are confined to the Burren and parts of Counties Galway and Mayo. This native plant belongs to the Gentianaceae family.
I first identified this wildflower in 1979 near Bishop's Quarter in the Burren. I photographed it at the Rine, also in the Burren in 2004.
If you are satisfied you have correctly identified this plant, please record your sighting for the 2013 wildflower mapping survey at _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


tf.raw_ops.StringSplit
Split elements of input based on delimiter into a SparseTensor.
Let N be the size of source (typically N will be the batch size). Split each element of input based on delimiter and return a SparseTensor containing the splitted tokens. Empty tokens are ignored.
delimiter can be empty, or a string of split characters. If delimiter is an empty string, each element of input is split into individual single-byte character strings, including splitting of UTF-8 multibyte sequences. Otherwise every character of delimiter is a potential split point.
For example:
N = 2, input[0] is 'hello world' and input[1] is 'a b c', then the output will be
indices = [0, 0; 0, 1; 1, 0; 1, 1; 1, 2] shape = [2, 3] values = ['hello', 'world', 'a', 'b', 'c']
input A Tensor of type string. 1-D. Strings to split.
delimiter A Tensor of type string. 0-D. Delimiter characters (bytes), or empty string.
skip_empty An optional bool. Defaults to True. A bool. If True, skip the empty strings from the result.
name A name for the operation (optional).
A tuple of Tensor objects (indices, values, shape).
indices A Tensor of type int64.
values A Tensor of type string.
shape A Tensor of type int64.


let n be odd Nat; :: thesis: eval ((npoly (F_Real,n)),(- (1. F_Real))) = 0. F_Real
consider k being Nat such that
H: n - 1 = 2 * k by ABIAN:def 2;
A: k is Element of NAT by ORDINAL1:def 12;
(- (1. F_Real)) |^ n = (power F_Real) . ((- (1. F_Real)),((2 * k) + 1)) by H
.= - (1_ F_Real) by A, HURWITZ:4
.= - (1. F_Real) ;
hence eval ((npoly (F_Real,n)),(- (1. F_Real))) = (- (1. F_Real)) + (1. F_Real) by lem1a
.= 0. F_Real ;
:: thesis: verum


text:
Register New Player
Welcome to our world of fun trivia quizzes and quiz games:
Studies Have Shown...
"What do the results of the latest study really prove? This quiz explores the techniques used to avoid inferring too much from scientific studies and tests."
15 Points Per Correct Answer - No time limit
I'll bet you've noticed the resemblance between the surface of a shelled walnut and the surface of a human brain. Perhaps, then, you won't be surprised to learn that in THREE separate surveys, 100% of HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL FunTrivia quiz takers reported using WALNUTS before taking quizzes!!!
Which of the following could be inferred with certainty from these survey results?
None of these.
Eating walnuts before taking quizzes improved the performance of the participants in my survey.
Eating walnuts before taking quizzes will improve your quiz performance.
The respondents to my survey believed that eating walnuts improved their performance.
During World War I, tin helmets replaced cloth helmets. Contrary to expectation, the number of injuries increased. Which of the following could be inferred with certainty from the facts presented?
The number of injuries increased after tin helmets were introduced.
Soldiers wearing tin helmets were more likely to suffer fatal injury than those wearing cloth helmets.
Tin helmets provided protection that was inferior to cloth helmets.
All of these.
Helmet laws for motorcyclists are controversial. Some years following the repeal of Louisiana's motorcycle helmet law, the journal "Academic Emergency Medicine" (Volume 9, Number 5 418-419, 2002) reported on changes in accident statistics. Which of the following unequivocally indicates an increased risk as a result of not wearing a helmet?
Unhelmeted fatalities increased from 8.4 to 29.0 per year after the law was repealed.
Unhelmeted motorcyclists were found to have a significantly higher incidence per collision of head injury and fatality.
After repeal of the helmet law, helmet use decreased from 79% to 46%, and fatalities in all patients increased from 3.4% to 5.2%.
All of these
I demonstrated that 100% of highly successful FunTrivia quiz-takers consumed walnuts prior to quizzes. Having been criticized for not having a control group, I undertook to make a comparison using historical controls. I analyzed an equal number of quiz-takers afflicted with chronically low quiz performance and could find no evidence that any of them reported eating walnuts prior to taking quizzes. Which of the following would NOT be a valid criticism of my study methods?
I failed to disclose the specifics of my methods for determining walnut use in the study and control groups and could be hiding an ascertainment error/bias.
I failed to specify the number of study participants.
Retrospective studies never prove cause and effect.
My study was retrospective, and retrospective studies never provide statistically valid, useful results.
Randomized, controlled, double-blinded studies are the gold standard for medical investigation. In 2001, a group of neurologists was asked to help investigate the importance of a component of this method during a study of a treatment for multiple sclerosis. These neurologists were asked to evaluate subjects but were told before doing the evaluation whether or not the subjects had received placebo or the proposed intervention. Which aspect of randomized, controlled, double blinded studies was being omitted for these neurologist to allow that particular aspect to be studied?
None of these
According to the coronary risk calculator provided at the NIH website, the risk of a coronary event for a 35 year old non-smoking woman with normal blood pressure, normal HDL cholesterol and a total cholesterol of 300 is 1% for ten years. Assuming that 200 such women were treated for ten years with cholesterol lowering drugs that reduced the risk of coronary events by 50%, how many coronary events would we expect to prevent in a ten year period?
A 35-year-old woman dentist is offered a free cardiac treadmill at a dental convention. Before accepting the offer she calculates her expected coronary risk and finds it to be 1%. Assuming a 20% false positive rate and a 10% false negative rate, what would her risk of coronary artery disease be should she be found to have an abnormal cardiac stress test?
David G. Myers' "Exploring Psychology" states, "There is a highly significant tendency for first-born individuals within a family to have higher average scores (on tests of intelligence) than their later-born siblings." Assuming Dr. Myers is speaking of statistical significance, what can we infer about intelligence test scores of first-born as opposed to later born siblings?
The difference in test scores is highly unlikely to be explained on the basis of chance variation of statistical samples.
The difference in test scores is large in magnitude and highly unlikely to be related to chance.
The difference is large in magnitude.
The difference in test scores results in highly significant differences in school performance.
"Web MD", an Internet medical information provider, ran a report on February 4, 2003 that was headlined "Selenium May Fight Prostate Damage" and "Supplementation May Reduce Prostate Cancer Risk". The study, however, was not performed on humans but on elderly, male beagles. The results of this study can be applied with complete confidence to which of the following groups?
All of these
Elderly male humans
Elderly male beagles
Any age and species of dog
I have decided to make a spring water extract of walnuts that I call "Quizzlenut" available in the United States for improving quiz taking health. (Remember, I have performed three surveys showing that walnuts improve quiz-taking performance!) Will the US Food and Drug Administration analyze either my product to verify its contents or my claims for the product before it is marketed?
Copyright, FunTrivia.com. All Rights Reserved.
Legal / Conditions of Use
Compiled Jun 28 12


Qml Compiler
Clone or download
Latest commit fe9d6a3 Mar 5, 2017
README.md
Qml Compiler
The Qml Compiler can be used to convert Qml source code files into precompiled Qml files. The precompiled Qml files are faster to load and do not expose the source code. Normally, the Qt either compiles the Qml files in the startup or interprets the Qml files runtime.
The Qml uses the JIT compiler shipped with Qt to create precompiled files. It works thus in same way, as Qt when it is using JIT. Only that the JIT compilation step is performed already when the program launches. The loader is used to load precompiled files and link them into the Qml Engine.
The compiler is created by creating a new version of the Qml compilation framework, that is builtin in the Qt. The class QQmlTypeCompiler, that is the core class handling the compilation, is taken as a base for the compiler. Some of its dependencies are exported on the Qt, some of the dependencies are rewritten, due to need for modifications.
The compiler, loader and examples are all based on Qt source code. They are licensed under LGPL 2.1 (with Digia Qt LGPL exception 1.1) or BSD license. See source code files for license. Collectively this component can be used under terms of LGPL 2.1 with Digia Qt LGPL exception 1.1. See LICENSE.LGPL and LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt for details.
Please read the whole document from top to bottom to get a good overview of how things work.
Working architectures
 - X86(32/64 bit)
 - ARM Thumb2
Building the Qml Compiler/Loader
Introduction
At the moment to use the compiler one has to build it first. For this one first need to build the qt source distribution with the qtdeclarative directory changed. After that qmlc can be build.
When the building is completed one can compile Qml and Javascript files with the compiler and load and run with the compiled files.
Build requirements
Tested with Ubuntu 13.10 but will probably work fine with any Linux.
Building
Building Qt and QtDeclarative
 - Download Qt source package,
wget _URL_
 - Extract the archive and enter directory,
tar zxvf qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.3.1.tar.gz
cd qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.3.1/
 - Move QtWebkit things so it excluded from the build process. It takes very long to build, prone to errors and we don't need it:
mkdir bak
mv qtwebkit bak
mv qtwebkit-examples bak
 - Replace qtdeclarative directory,
mv qtdeclarative bak
git clone _URL_
 - Configure and build
./configure -developer-build -nomake tests -debug -opensource -confirm-license
make # use makes -j.. option for faster builds
Building qmlc
While still in the qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.3.1 directory
 - Clone
git clone _URL_
 - Build
cd qmlc
source qmlc.env
qmake
make
Compiling and loading qml/js files
 - In order to use the compiler to compile qml/js files always source the qmlc.env of a compiled qmlc package.
source qmlc.env
Compiling and loading single qml/js files
 - Use qmc to compile qml/js files. A .qmc/.jsc file with the same name will be created. For example if test.qml have no dependencies on other qml/js files or c++ plugins.
qmc test.qml
 - Use qmcloader from the tools directory to load(run) the compiled qml file.
qmcloader test.qmc
Compiling more complex projects
When compiling a qml/js file which have imports and elements to other qml/js/c++ plugins all those have to be available during compiling just like if one were going to run the qml/js as normal through qmlscene or one's program.
One can look at the source and build files of tests/manual/multipleitems/ to see how to handle projects with multiple files, c++ plugins etc. via a .pri file.
For example with two qml files A.qml and B.qml in the same directory. A uses B but B doesn't use A. Both have to be compiled to be loaded. The order that one compiles them doesn't matter, only that the raw qml is available.
qmc A.qml
qmc B.qml
qmcloader A.qmc
If one is importing and using a c++ plugin extension that contains qml/js those have to be compiled first and the resulting .so, qmldir and qml/js files has to be available just as when those dependencies are installed.
For example with A.qml having an 'import Plugin 2.0' import with Plugin containing qml/js, there has to be a Plugin directory with the .so and a qmldir file as usual. Then the following should succeed.
# Plugin directory contains at least qmldir, libplugin.so. If not using the
# resource system qml/js files have to be there as well.
qmc A.qml
To run/load an application that uses a plugin that contains qml/js one needs to add a qmldir_loader file to the plugins directory that is similar to the qmldir file with the qml/js extensions replaces with qmc/js. Note if a plugin doesn't contain qml/js it doesn't need any changes in order to be used from compiled files.
# Plugin directory contains at least qmldir_loader, libplugin.so and qmc/jsc
# files. All other qml/js it depends on has to be available as compiled
# qmc/jsc files.
qmcloader A.qmc
Using the compiler from qmake
This explains how to change existing applications or plugins to use the compiler.
There is a qmlc.pri file in qmlc that can be included in .pro files to facilitate application and plugin extension qmlc/qmc building. It has comments at the top explaining possible variables one can set.
In tests/manual/multipleitems/ there is a plugin and an application that uses it that can be checked for example usage.
The application in tests/manual/multipleitems/ depends on the c++ plugin in tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin so we build the plugin first with tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin/plugin.pro
Plugin
Example tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin/plugin.pro.
Basic steps are,
 - Make a copy of qmldir and name it qmldir_loader and in it change qml/js extensions to qmc/jsc extensions. This is used by the loader program to load the qmc/jsc files. Check for example the difference between tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin/qmldir and tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin/qmldir_loader.
 - If one were already building an uncompiled version of the plugin one might have a file like tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin/plugin.pro up to the 'qmc start' comment. To compile the qml/js files in of the plugin one would add something like between the 'qmc start' and 'qmc end' comments.
Application
For an existing application with a tests/manual/multipleitems/main.cpp that contains the main() entry pint and a tests/manual/multipleitems/app.pro file to build the application.
 - Create a main_loader.cpp file, it would be very similar to tests/manual/multipleitems/main_loader.cpp except the headers and qRegister.. calls will be different for different applications and loader.loadComponent will have the applications root qml file as argument.
 - We create a new .pro file that has the same content as the uncompiled programs .pro file with changes so the loader gets build. We also add QMLC_.. variables and include qmlc.pri to compile it's qml/js. See, tests/manual/multipleitems/app.pro and tests/manual/multipleitems/app_compiled.pro.
Developing the compiler and loader further
 - In order to work on the compiler after it was build one has to source the qmlc.env file that setup the paths.
source qmlc.env
 - There


Workcred's research services include partnerships and grants to examine workforce credentialing issues
and needs, and are currently focused on several key areas.
Examining the relationship between quality, labor market value, and effectiveness of credentials
Exploring the relationship among different types of credentials (e.g., certifications, degrees, certificates) to improve credential holders' labor-market outcomes
In recent years there has been enormous growth in the number and variety of labor market credentials — college degrees, certificates, certifications, occupational licenses, and badges. It is important to understand the purpose of each credential and how credentials can be used in combination (e.g., earning a certification as part of a college degree) to improve individuals career and labor-market outcomes.
Mapping and integrating the credentialing landscape to create more defined credential pathways
Using data to identify credential values and outcomes
Individuals and employers struggle to discern high quality credentials from those of lesser quality. They do not know why or when they should choose one over another and how they relate. For example, information obtained by linking different administrative data sets, can be used to improve education decision making and measure the return on investment of certification attainment.
Learn more about our current work.
Research Highlights
Variable Impacts of New Credentials
for the Older Worker
Through the analysis, which is the first to use the Participant Individual Record Layout data files from the U.S. Department of Labor, this report examines the impact of new credentials on reemployment for older (50+ years) workers. Industry-recognized certificates and certifications were found to have the most value to older workers seeking employment after displacement with respect to reemployment and earnings.
This report, Understanding Certifications, is intended as a primer to help policymakers and practitioners navigate the complex and little understood "wild west" of certifications. Awarded by industry groups, professional associations, and companies, certifications have the potential to be useful tools in addressing re-employment, re-deployment, and re-education challenges that workers face in the current labor market.


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Roman bronze stylus filigree I
(Unit Price: 18,90 ¤ per pcs.)
Roman bronze stylus
The stylus 'Stilus' is a massive, cool writing tool from polished bronze. This is an antique writing utensil for writing on wax tablets, crafted in very noble fashion, made by applying the lost wax technique. The pointed end serves for writing letters or numbers. The flattened end is an eraser tool to smooth out the carved writing.
This bronze stylus is made very complex, using the traditional technology of the 'lost mould'. An individual wax model is here provided for each stylus, embedded in a mould of gypsum. The mould is heated, so that during casting the now liquid wax can run out. The metal is heated and cast into the hollow cavity of the gypsum mould. Then the mould is smashed and the unfinished casting is cleaned. Finally, the moulding blank is ground and polished glossy!
The stylus was used as a writing tool till the 1960s to inscribe slate and wax tablets. The shape of the stylus was most of the time round or angular, it was made of iron, bronze, bone or sometimes of silver. The point of the stylus pressed into the wax to write. The other end, shaped like a scoop, helped to correct errors. By smoothing out the wax surface, the tablets could be reused for writing. Some Roman styluses look like busts of the goddess, Minerva, because in the Roman age she was considered the guardian goddess of teachers and writers.
What an unusual 'notepad' and a noble writing tool!
- stylus length 4 inch (10cm)


Raising the Dead: New Species of Life Resurrected from Ancient Andean Tomb
Ecuadorian scientists have revived a new species of yeast from pre-Incan tomb, illuminating prehistoric life
R. Douglas Fields
More In This Article
QUITO, ECUADOR—Long before the Spanish conquered the Incas in 1533, and centuries before the Incas inhabited this area, the present-day site of Quito International Airport was a marshy lake surrounded by Indian settlements—the Quitus on one shore and the Ipias on the other. Between A.D. 200 and 800 these cultures prospered here, fishing the lake, growing corn, beans and potatoes in the fertile soil, and fermenting an alcoholic drink—chicha—made of a watery corn broth.
In 1980, while clearing land for new construction in a warren of graffiti-covered cinderblock shanties bristling with barbwire and defended by concrete walls tipped with broken glass, workers scraped open a tomb that had been hidden for over a millennium beneath the ramshackle neighborhood. Then, nine more deep-welled tombs were uncovered in the volcanic rock, each containing about 20 bodies. The walls of the shafts were lined with Quitus remains, each one crouched in the fetal position, clothed in the finest textile, adorned with gold jewelry, and surrounded by pottery containing offerings of food and chicha for the afterlife.
Yeast biologist Javier Carvajal Barriga, of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador in Quito, collected scrapings from inside large, torpedo-shaped clay fermentation vessels taken from one of the tombs in an attempt to recover microbes that had fermented the ancient chicha and, if possible, revive them.
» View a Slide Show of Tombs in Ecuador Where Ancient Yeast Was Found
Under the sterile conditions of his laboratory, he scratched away the surface layers from inside the fermentation vessels hoping to collect yeast trapped deep in the pottery's pores. Using a special method that he devised to humidify the desiccated cells, repair their damaged membranes, and jump-start their arrested metabolisms, he coaxed a community of yeasts, which had lain dormant in the entombed vessels since A.D. 680, back to life. Carvajal says he resurrected "a consortium of yeasts" from the containers, but none of the yeasts were Saccharomyces cerevisiae—the type used in modern fermentation. They were primarily strains of the genus Candida, closely related to the well-known yeast that causes skin and vaginal infections. But careful genetic analysis showed that two strains of yeast were a new species of Candida, which he named C. theae, meaning "tea."
These findings confirm 16th-century reports of how indigenous people in the Ecuadorian Andes fermented their chicha. According to Spanish chroniclers, Inca Indians initiated fermentation using animal bones, human saliva and even human feces.
"The most closely related species to C. theae are C. orthopsilosis, C. metapsilosis and C. parapsilosis, all of which are found in human saliva and feces," Carvajal says. Indeed he found human-associated C. parapsilosis, along with C. tropicalis, among the community of yeast in the ancient fermentation vessels. C. parapsilosis is the second-most commonly isolated pathogenic species of Candida infecting people. "Also [there are] the Crytococcus saitoi and C. laurentii that are related to respiratory diseases. They [the Quitus] were chewing and spitting the corn [into the fermentation vessels], so we can assume this population probably had some respiratory problems caused by pathogenic yeasts."
These species of yeast can produce alcohol up to 4 percent in strength but, unlike S. cerevisiae, Candida dies when alcohol levels reach higher concentrations. S. cerevisiae is not common in the South American environment because it is most widely associated with oak trees, which are not indigenous to the region, so the Indians utilized Candida. "It is much better to have 3 to 4 percent alcohol than nothing," Carvajal says.
Caravajal fermented his own chicha from C. tropicalis that he resurrected from fermentation vessels taken from the tomb to relive the experience of these prehistoric Indians. "The flavor was very good. The aroma was very good. The alcohol was relatively good, but the effect was horrible. Just two drinks of this chicha and I had this bad headache typical of aldehydes and esters."
He also recovered Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from the ancient fermentation vessels. Although one of the most abundant yeast species, it does not produce alcohol, rather it is associated with flowering plants, evidence that the Quitus folded flowers into the brew for flavor enhancement—and most likely to increase the kick of their low-alcohol drink: Adding plants such as Datura produces psychotropic effects.
"Chicha must be drunk young, while it is still fermenting, because it quickly develops a rancid taste with time," Carvajal says. "But if you drink it too early in the fermentation process, you will experience food poisoning because the bacteria, amoeba and harmful yeasts have not yet been killed off by the alcohol."
After much searching, I was able to sample a modern version of chicha in Mama Clorinda Ecuadorian Food, a Quito restaurant. It was made from cooked corn, cinnamon, orange leaves, coriander and several other ingredients, including rotten pineapple skin added to initiate fermentation in the mix, which was contained in a plastic gallon-size jug. The cloudy yellow brew looked like a drink from an organic juice bar. It smelled of spicy cardamom and cinnamon, and fruity papya and fermented pineapple. It tasted delightful: lightly carbonated, with a sweet pineapple and papaya flavor, and a thick body and a clean finish.
"This is only about 2 to 3 percent alcohol," I was told by the restaurant manager, Roberto Guoma, "because we made it today. By tomorrow it will be 4 to 5 percent." The chef, Nelson Cardenas, who makes the chicha daily, generously provided his recipe for readers interested in brewing their own chicha, which uses rotten pineapple rind to initiate fermentation:
Recipe: Morocho Chicha
 1. 0.45 kilograms of morocho corn flour
 2. 500 grams of brown sugar (panela)
 3. Aromatic herbs (lemon verbena, cedron (quassia family, Simaroubaceae, native to Colombia and Central American), leaves of the orange tree
 4. 10 grams whole cloves
 5. Five grams cinnamon sticks
 6. Five grams allspice
 7. 250 grams white sugar
 8. Skin of one pineapple
1. Boil two liters of water
2. Mix the morocho corn flour in one half liter of water and mix with the two liters of boiling water. Boil for 10 minutes.
3. Boil two liters of water and add the herbs, orange tree leaves, cloves, cinnamon and allspice. Cook for 10 minutes and strain out liquid.
4. Combine the water–corn mix with the water–herb mix. Strain and add the pineapple skin.
5. Ferment for one day.
6. Check the consistency of the drink and add more water as needed. Add the brown sugar and white sugar until sweetened to taste. Add ice and serve.
(Translated by Claudia Alderman)
Global yeast?
Recalling of the movie Jurassic Park, one wonders about the potential dangers of reviving an ancient pathological microbe that could produce a modern plague. "There exists the possibility," he says, but Carvajal thinks that these species have been living with man for thousands of years." Indeed, that suspicion proved to be true.
Simultaneously, on the other side of the globe two cases of bottled tea were found clouded with contamination in 2010. The manufacturer sent the bottles to Ching-Fu Lee at the National Hsinchu University of Education, one of the few yeast taxonomists in Taiwan. He identified the contaminant as a new species of Candida and began to write a paper describing his discovery. During the peer review process, the anonymous reviewer suggested that Lee check the National Institutes of Health GenBank database. There he found the genetic sequence of the new species of Candida that Carvajal had recovered from the ancient fermentation vessel. Lee immediately contacted Carvajal, along with the latter's collaborator Stephen James, a yeast taxonomist at the Institute of Food Research in England, and the three teams of scientists jointly published their paper in the February issue of the International Journal of Food Microbiology.
But how did the identical yeast turn up simultaneously in Taiwan and Quito? "I don't think this is a beverage-related yeast, I think it is a human-related yeast," Carvajal says. "We know now that there were contacts between Polynesians and South American peoples. [Polynesians] departed from Taiwan 6,000 years ago."
Carvajal cites the example of another new yeast he has discovered, C. fodens, to buttress his argument. The yeast was collected in Australia, Costa Rica and Ecuador's Galápagos Islands. Genetic analysis shows that the yeast from all three Pacific locations are identical. "It is very hard to imagine that such a distance was covered by one single strain," he says.


text:
Putting Faulty Cores to Work
Since the non-cache parts of a core are less regular, compared to on-chip caches, tolerating manufacturing defects in the processing core is a more challenging problem. Due to the lack of effective solutions, disabling non-functional cores is a common practice in industry, which results in a significant reduction in system throughput. Although a faulty core cannot be trusted to correctly execute programs, they observe that for most defects, when starting from a valid architectural state, execution traces on a defective core coarsely resemble those of fault-free executions. In light of this insight, the authors propose a robust and heterogeneous core coupling execution scheme, Necromancer that exploits a functionally dead core to improve system throughput by supplying hints regarding high-level program behavior.


text:
The coalition is committed to addressing key issues within our communities, including:
- Improving Transportation
- Improving Education and Workforce Development
- Improving Infrastructure, Utilities & Real Estate Development
- Promoting and marketing Route 3 Corridor and area businesses
- Addressing business development concerns
Middlesex 3 Transportation Committee
- Advocates for better transportation linkages between employees and existing businesses and between public transportation services (i.e., LRTA and MBTA) with the Middlesex 3 Community Compact.
- Advocates for Transportation Improvements including road, infrastructure and alternative modes of transportation.
- Addresses Transportation Gaps with the Middlesex 3 Restaurant Initiative. – wWorks with Lowell to address and help provide transportation for 350 job openings in Burlington.
Middlesex 3 Transportation Management Association (M3 TMA)
A partnership between businesses and communities to solve transportation related issues such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and improved transportation options. _URL_
M3 TMA services include:
- Carpools and an emergency ride home program
- Transit benefits and ride matching
- Shuttle services (between Boston, Cambridge and Route 3) and last mile connections.
M3 TMA Members with shuttle service from Boston and Cambridge include: The MITRE Corporation, E Ink, National Development, The District and The Davis Companies.
Education and Workforce Development Committee
- Includes educational institutions, governments, career centers, chambers, associations and businesses collaborating to address the needs of the business community.
- Hosts industry specific round tables to address industry needs.
- Creates industry consortium Workforce Training Grants.
Infrastructure and Development Committe
- Identifies impediments to improve the existing permitting processes.
- Reduces differences in permitting among nine communities.
- Adopts best permitting practices and identifies ways for communities to collaborate on joint issues.
- Improves responsiveness and coordination with utilities and public sector.
- Streamlines the permitting and utilities approvals for development.
Planning Directors Meetings
- Created to bring the planning directors together to look at ways to improve planning and permitting.
- Looks at each community?s practices compared with the best practices and creates steps for improvements.
- Permitting matrix of nine communities is available upon request.
Market and Promote the Middlesex 3 Corridor
- Emphasizes the high caliber of local companies and highlights available resources (quality of schools, labor market, infrastructure, real estate, quality of life, etc.)
- Marketing Initiatives, Press Releases, Media Events.
- Regional Business Development Guide.
- Route 3 Secondary Name.


🚀Announcing Flightcontrol - Easily Deploy Blitz.js and Next.js to AWS 🚀
Back to Documentation Menu
RPC Specification
Topics
Jump to a Topic
Caution
This is documentation for using Blitz queries and mutations in a non-Blitz app. For example, from a mobile application or some other app.
For using queries and mutations in your app, refer to Using Queries and Using Mutations.
If you want to access your app e.g. as an external API, take a look at API Routes instead.
Request Details
From an HTTP perspective there is no difference between a query and mutation. They are both function calls that get transformed into POST requests.
Warms up the lambda. For example, when a component renders on the client that uses a mutation, it will issue a HEAD request to the mutation endpoint immediately on page load so that there's a much higher chance the actual mutation request will hit a warm lambda.
Must always return HTTP 200 OK
HEAD Responses
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
POST
Executes the query or mutation.
Request body must be JSON with the following keys:
 - params (required) - This will be provided as the first argument to the query or mutation
 - version (optional) - String containing the version of the built RPC client
Response body is JSON with the following keys:
 - result - the exact result returned from the query/mutation function or null if there was an error
 - error - null if success, otherwise an object.
Example POST body:
{
 "params": {
 "where": {
 "id": 1
 }
 }
}
POST Responses
Success
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
{
 "result": {
 "name": "Hello World",
 "description": "This is awesome :)"
 },
 "error": null
}
Bad Request (Not JSON)
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Content-Type: application/json
{
 "result": null,
 "error": {
 "message": "Request body is not valid JSON"
 }
}
Bad Request (Missing params)
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Content-Type: application/json
{
 "result": null,
 "error": {
 "message": "Request body is missing the 'params' key"
 }
}
Not Found (Wrong method)
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Versioning
Any time you have client-server communication, there is a very real risk of the client & server code becoming out of sync and causing an error. For example, let's say you have a mutation function whose input is a single object. You decide to change the mutation input to be a single array. You make the change and deploy it. Your server code is now updated, but all your users still have the old client code running in the browser. So it's likely you now have client code sending an object to your mutation which is going to error because it's expecting an array.
Now one solution is to only make changes that are backwards compatible, but sometimes you can't do this.
The other solution is to track the version of your client code and your server code. If there is a version mismatch, you can display a friendly message to the user, telling them they need to reload the webpage to continue.
// *: example of an RPC call shielded by a friendly message to the user
Idea for improving this page? Edit it on GitHub.


text:
Jump to content
Visualizing and integrating the image data to describe a complex 3D biological organism or a functional material across length scales is challenging, especially since no single conventional imaging modality, such as visible, electron microscopy (EM) and AFM (atomic force microscopy) can cover the range. While EM and AFM can resolve structures to molecular and atomic scale, there is an ongoing problem in integrating these results into the larger scale structure and functions encountered in life science, geophysics or material science research. All imaging modalities require the right combination of field of view (FOV) and resolution to support navigation and orientation for region of interest (ROI) selection and high resolution and high contrast imaging.
While 2D imaging modalities support "zoom in and out" for effective imaging, real non destructive 3D volume imaging does not support that capability. Xradia's multi lengthscale solution enables scientists and engineers to do this type of Scout-and-Zoom to effectively image samples of various scales at optimal resolution and field of view combinations. Encompassing the VersaXRM and UltraXRM platforms, Xradia's multi-length scale solution supports imaging from 40 mm FOV at ~30 micron resolution all the way down to 15 micron FOV at <50 nm resolution. This supports complete 3D mapping of the internal characteristics of samples in a variety of research and engineering applications such as Hierarchical Framework Multiscale imaging in life science research, computational analysis in materials science studies, oil and gas drilling feasibility analysis and semiconductor package failure analysis.


text:
According to a recent IDG survey*, 71 percent of respondents said IT cost-management solutions helped reduce their risk during cloud migrations.
With the free BMC Helix Cloud Migration Simulator tool, you can reduce the risk and costs associated with migrating your on-premises workloads to the cloud. The tool enables you to:
- Compare the costs and resource requirements of service providers like AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and IBM Cloud to evaluate and right-size workload migrations
- Reduce cost and budget overruns and improve service assurance by accurately aligning resources with business demand
- Reduce the time and complexity of migrating servers and workloads from on-premises to cloud or from one cloud provider to another while improving the accuracy of your planning process
- Perform simulations using your data to understand the impact of cloud migrations by entering your current cost of running servers and workloads on-premises, including:
- Option comparisons: Accurately evaluate the costs and resource requirements of on-premises hardware versus virtual server configurations deployments
- User-generated definitions for the number of servers, virtual machines, storage, memory, CPUs, instance types, operating systems, and service providers
Try the BMC Helix Cloud Migration Simulator now to get deeper insight into efficiently managing your cloud migration resources and costs.


Build Your Own Dictionary
Browse Alphabetically
 1. Function: noun
 Definition: an animal that lives in water
 Example Sentence: I saw a hydrozoo at the lake.
 Submitted by: Lorren from California, USA on 04/07/2008 10:27
 1. Function: adjective
 Definition: hyper all the time: always crazy-acting
 Example Sentence: My friend is hypergetit.
 Submitted by: Anonymous from CA, USA on 12/06/2007 11:59
 1. Function: adjective
 Definition: a mix of feeling happy, excited, and hyper at the same time
 Word History: Invented, 2002.
 Example Sentence: She felt so much hyexcity after the party.
 1. Function: noun
 Definition: a teeth brushing race
 Example Sentence: I had to compete in a hygenothon with my brother before bed.
 Submitted by: Houston from Arizona, USA on 10/17/2012 08:41
 1. Function: verb
 Definition: another word for jump
 Example Sentence: He hygrolifs off the building.
 1. Function: adjective
 Definition: hyper and happy at the same time
 Example Sentence: She was hypap when she found out that she was going to meet her favorite band on her birthday!
 Submitted by: Carlie from OR, USA on 04/08/2008 08:53
 1. Function: noun
 Definition: a place of black holes: potential hyper space
 Example Sentence: In the movie, they were obviously in hyparis because of the way the lines zoomed past.
 Submitted by: Aidan from NH, USA on 08/19/2008 10:33
 1. Function: adjective
 Definition: making a weird sound while speaking: having a strange-sounding voice
 Example Sentence: The kid who imitates accents can get so hypdidarius.
 Submitted by: Anonymous from USA on 01/26/2009 04:48
 1. Function: noun
 Definition: the act or instance of using very big word or overstating something
 Example Sentence: It's a hyperbole to say that the football field is the width of the moon.
 Submitted by: Sammy from GA, U.S.A. on 10/26/2007 12:19
 1. Function: verb
 Definition: to let off energy in a loud way
 Word History: play on the word "hyperbole"
 Example Sentence: You need to hyperbowl this afternoon.
 Submitted by: Brianna from Virginia, U.S.A. on 01/26/2008 04:45


error.
Data Operations
 The methods in this section operate on the contents of the volume. By and large, they
 operate with root privileges on the server machine via judicious use of sudo. Elevated
 permissions on the local machine (on which the script is running) are not needed.
 $vol->get($source_on_vol_1,$source_on_vol_2,...,$dest)
 Invoke rsync() on the server to copy files & directories from the indicated source
 locations on the staging volume to the destination. Source paths can be relative paths,
 such as "media/photos/vacation", in which case they are relative to the top level of the
 mounted volume, or absolute paths, such as "/usr/local/media/photos/vacation", in which
 case they are treated as absolute paths on the server on which the volume is mounted.
 The destination can be a path on the local machine, a host:/path on a remote machine, a
 staging server and path in the form $server:/path, or a staging volume and path in the
 form "$volume/path". See "Instance Methods for Managing Staging Volumes" in
 VM::EC2::Staging::Manager for more formats you can use.
 As a special case, if you invoke get() with a single argument:
 $vol->get('/tmp/foo')
 Then the entire volume will be rsynced into the destination directory /tmp/foo.
 $vol->copy($source_on_vol_1,$source_on_vol_2,...,$dest)
 This is an alias for get(). It is intended to make it easier to read the intent of this
 command:
 $source_volume->copy($destination_volume);
 Which basically makes a copy of $source_volume onto $destination_volume.
 $vol->put($source1,$source2,$source3,...,$dest_on_volume)
 Invoke rsync() on the server to copy files & directories from the indicated source
 locations a destination located on the staging volume. The rules for paths are the same as
 for the get() method and as described in "Instance Methods for Managing Staging Volumes"
 in VM::EC2::Staging::Manager .
 As a special case, if you invoke put() with a single argument:
 $vol->put('/tmp/foo')
 Then the local directory /tmp/foo will be copied onto the top level of the staging volume.
 To do something similar with multiple source directories, use '/' or '.' as the
 destination:
 $vol->put('/tmp/pictures','/tmp/audio' => '/');
 $vol->dd($destination_volume)
 The dd() method performs a block level copy of the volume's disk onto the destination. The
 destination must be another staging volume.
 $output = $vol->cmd($cmd,@args)
 This method runs command $cmd on the server that is mounting the volume using ssh. Before
 the command is run, the working directory is changed to the top level of the volume's
 mount point. Any arguments, switches, etc you wish to pass to the command can be provided
 as @args. The output of the command is returned as a string in a scalar context, or an
 array of lines in a list context.
 Example:
 @log = $volume->cmd('tar cvf /tmp/archive.tar .');
 $result = $vol->ssh($cmd,@args)
 This is similar to cmd(), except that the output of the command is sent to STDOUT and the
 method returns true if the command executed succcessfully on the remote machine. The cmd()
 and ssh() methods are equivalent to backticks are system() respectively.
 Example:
 $volume->ssh('gzip /tmp/archive.tar') or die "couldn't compress archive";
 $output = $vol->df(@args)
 $output = $vol->ls(@args)
 $success = $vol->mkdir(@args)
 $success = $vol->chown(@args)
 $success = $vol->chgrp(@args)
 $success = $vol->chmod(@args)
 $success = $vol->cp(@args)
 $success = $vol->mv(@args)
 $success = $vol->rm(@args)
 $success = $vol->rmdir(@args)
 Each of these methods performs the same function as the like-named command-line function,
 after first changing the working directory to the top level of the volume. They behave as
 shown in the pseudocode below:
 chdir $vol->mtpt;
 sudo $method @args
 The df() and ls() methods return the output of their corresponding commands. In a scalar
 context each method returns a string corresponding to the output of running the command on
 the server to which the volume is attached. In a list context, the methods return one
 element per line of output.
 For example:
 my $free = $volume->df('.'); # free on current directory
 my ($percent) = $free =~ /(\d+)%/;
 warn "almost out of space" if $percent > 90;
 The other methods return a boolean value indicating successful execution of the command on
 the remote machine.
 Command line switches can be passed along with other arguments:
 $volume->mkdir('-p','media/photos/vacation');
 $volume->chown('-R','fred','media');
 With the exception of df, each of these commands runs as the superuser, so be careful how
 you call them.
 You may run your own commands using the cmd() and ssh() methods. The former returns the
 output of the command. The latter returns a success code:
 @log = $volume->cmd('tar cvf /tmp/archive.tar .');
 $volume->ssh('gzip /tmp/archive.tar') or die "couldn't compress archive";
 Before calling any of these methods, the volume must be mounted and its server running. A
 fatal error will occur otherwise.
SEE ALSO
 VM::EC2 VM::EC2::Staging::Manager VM::EC2::Staging::Server VM::EC2::Instance
 VM::EC2::Volume VM::EC2::Snapshot
AUTHOR
 Lincoln Stein <_EMAIL_>.
 Copyright (c) 2012 Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
 This package and its accompanying libraries is free software; you can redistribute it
 and/or modify it under the terms of the GPL (either version 1, or at your option, any
 later version) or the Artistic License 2.0. Refer to LICENSE for the full license text.
 In addition, please see DISCLAIMER.txt for disclaimers of warranty.


text:
Does Environmental Economics Produce Aeroplanes Without Engines? On the Need for an Environmental Social Science
Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter
In this paper we first critically review conventional environmental economics. We conclude that the standard theory offers too narrow a perspective for many real world problems and that many theories are not empirically tested. Consequently, environmental economics is at risk of producing aeroplanes without engines. Next, we welcome and discuss some recent trends, particularly the rapid developments of behavioural and new institutional economics as well as the increased interest in empirical analysis. Yet, we conclude that more 'logical duels' between competing theories, more interaction between theory and empirics, and more integration between the social sciences are needed to achieve a better understanding of real world environmental problems and the development of adequate policy handles. Finally, we present an outline of steps towards the development of an environmental social science and briefly present the papers that make up this special issue as important building stones of such a discipline.
|Research areas and keywords||
Subject classification (UKÄ) – MANDATORY
|Journal||Environmental and Resource Economics|
|Publication status||Published - 2011|


text:
Welcome to the Hawaii SNAP-Ed Website
Hawaii's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed, formerly Food Stamp Nutrition Education Program) Project collaboratively (Collaboration wheel and USDA-FNS Hawaii Council memorandum) provides practical nutrition education for Hawaii's low-income households. Through a working partnership, the Hawaii Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the University of Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service jointly facilitates nutrition education services delivery with support and guidance from USDA-FNS Hawaii Council, a memorandum of understanding consortium of United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Programs.
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Nutrition Programs share the common mission of ensuring access to nutritious, healthy diets for all Americans. Therefore, food assistance and nutrition education programs for low-income Americans facilitate the promotion of healthful diets through educational efforts encouraging consumers to make healthful food choices. An eminent example of such a program is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The SNAP includes activities designed to increase nutrition knowledge as well as to encourage behavior change to persons that are eligible for the SNAP, in the likelihood that healthful food choices are made with a limited budget. A physically active lifestyle is also commended. Both nutrition education and physical activity are compatible concepts with the most recent dietary advice as reflected in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPlate.


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C# Corner
Recording Media in a Windows Store App Part 2: Photo Capture
Eric Vogel covers how to capture a photo in a Windows Store App by using the MediaCapture API.
More On Windows Store App Media from Visual Studio Magazine:
Welcome to Part 2 of the MediaCapture API series. In Part 1 I covered how to record audio with a selected encoding and sound quality. In this article, I'll cover how to capture a photo from a webcam with the MediaCapture API in a new Windows Store App in a selected image format.
The first step is to create a new blank C# Windows Store app. Next, open up the Package.appxmanifest file and click on the Capabilities tab, and check the Internet (Client), Pictures Library and Webcam options, as seen in Figure 1.
[Click on image for larger view.] Figure 1. Setting app capabilities for photo capture and storage.
The MediaCapture API allows for photo capture in three encoding formats: JPEG, JPEG XR and PNG. To handle each format, create a new enum named ImageEncodingFormat with Jpeg, JpegXr and Png formats in a new C# class file:
public enum ImageEncodingFormat
 {
 Jpeg,
 JpegXr,
 Png
 }
In the application, the user will be presented with a ComboBox with selections for each option. The user will also be able to save a picture, and the file extension will be set appropriately for his selected image encoding. To handle both of these requirements, add a static extension method class named ImageEncodingFormatExtensions. The ImageEncodingFormatExtensions class will contain two methods: ToFileExtension and ToDisplayName. The ToFileExtension method translates an ImageEncodingFormat to its appropriate file extension. The ToDisplayName method translates an ImageEncodingFormat enum value to its UI displayed value. See Listing 1 for the completed ImageEncodingFormat class file containing the enum declaration and extension method definitions.
Listing 1. The ImageEncodingFormat.cs class file.
using System;
namespace VSMVideoCaptureDemo
{
 public enum ImageEncodingFormat
 {
 Jpeg,
 JpegXr,
 Png
 }
 public static class ImageEncodingFormatExtensions
 {
 public static string ToFileExtension(this ImageEncodingFormat imageEncodingFormat)
 {
 switch (imageEncodingFormat)
 {
 case ImageEncodingFormat.Jpeg:
 case ImageEncodingFormat.JpegXr:
 return ".jpeg";
 case ImageEncodingFormat.Png:
 return ".png";
 default:
 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("imageEncodingFormat");
 }
 }
 public static string ToDisplayName(this ImageEncodingFormat imageEncodingFormat)
 {
 switch (imageEncodingFormat)
 {
 case ImageEncodingFormat.Jpeg:
 return "JPEG";
 case ImageEncodingFormat.JpegXr:
 return "JPEG XR";
 case ImageEncodingFormat.Png:
 return "PNG";
 default:
 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("imageEncodingFormat");
 }
 }
 }
}
To further encapsulate the UI display logic for the image format encodings, I've decided to create an ImageEncodingDisplay view model class. Create a new folder named ViewModels within the main project. Next, create a new C# class file named ImageEncodingDisplay. Then add a Format ImageEncodingFormat Type property to the ImageEncodingDisplay. Next, add FileExtension and Name read-only properties to the class that use the ToFileExtension and ToDisplayName ImageEncodingFormat extension methods, respectively. Last, add an ImageEncodingDisplay constructor that accepts an ImageEncodingFormat argument that sets the Format property. See Listing 2 for the full ImageEncodingDisplay class implementation.
Listing 2. The full ImageEncodingDisplay.cs class definition.
namespace VSMVideoCaptureDemo.ViewModels
{
 public class ImageEncodingDisplay
 {
 public string Name { get { return Format.ToDisplayName(); }}
 public string FileExtension { get { return Format.ToFileExtension(); } }
 public ImageEncodingFormat Format { get; set; }
 public ImageEncodingDisplay(ImageEncodingFormat format)
 {
 Format = format;
 }
 }
}
Now it's time to implement the UI for the application. Open up the MainPage.xaml file and copy the root Grid element from Listing 3 into your MainPage.xaml XAML markup file.
Listing 3. The MainPage.xaml UI XAML.
<Page
 x:Class="VSMVideoCaptureDemo.MainPage"
 xmlns="_URL_
 xmlns:x="_URL_
 xmlns:local="using:VSMVideoCaptureDemo"
 xmlns:d="_URL_
 xmlns:mc="_URL_
 mc:Ignorable="d">
 <Grid Background="{StaticResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">
 <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center">
 <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,10,0,0" Orientation="Horizontal">
 <TextBlock Margin="0,0,10,0">Image Encoding</TextBlock>
 <ComboBox Name="ImageEncodings" ItemsSource="{Binding}"
 DisplayMemberPath="Name" SelectedValuePath="Format"
 SelectionChanged="ImageEncodings_SelectionChanged"></ComboBox>
 </StackPanel>
 <CaptureElement Name="CaptureElem" Width="400" Height="600"></CaptureElement>
 <StackPanel Name="VideoPanel" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Orientation="Horizontal">
 <Button Name="PreviewButton" Click="PreviewButton_Click">Preview</Button>
 <Button Name="TakePhotoButton" Click="TakePhotoButton_Click">Take Photo</Button>
 </StackPanel>
 </StackPanel>
 </Grid>
</Page>
The application's UI is very minimalist. The user has the ability to select an image-encoding format, and then they can preview their webcam via the CaptureElement and, finally, snap a photo via the TakePhotoButton.
Now it's time to tie everything together in the MainPage class. Open up the MainPage.xaml.cs class file and add the following using statements to the MainPage class:
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using VSMVideoCaptureDemo.ViewModels;
using Windows.Media.Capture;
using Windows.Media.MediaProperties;
using Windows.Storage;
using Windows.Storage.Pickers;
using Windows.Storage.Streams;
using Windows.UI.Popups;
Next, add a MediaCapture Type private member variable to the MainPage class:
private MediaCapture _mediaCapture;
Then add an ImageEncodingFormat Type private member variable:
private ImageEncodingFormat _imageEncodingFormat;
Next, in the OnNavigatedTo event, the ImageEncodings ComboBox is populated and the media capture is initialized:
protected async override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
 LoadImageEncodings();
 await InitializeMediaCapture();
}
The LoadImageEncodings method populates the ImageEncodings ComboBox by enumerating over the ImageEncodingFormat enum values and translating them to ImageEncodingDisplay objects. In addition, it sets the default image encoding to JPEG and stores the selected ImageEncodingFormat into the _imageEncodingFormat member variable:
private void LoadImageEncodings()
 {
 var imageEncodings = Enum.GetValues(typeof(ImageEncodingFormat));
 List<ImageEncodingDisplay> encodings = new List<ImageEncodingDisplay>();
 foreach (ImageEncodingFormat imageEncoding in imageEncodings)
 {
 encodings.Add(new ImageEncodingDisplay(imageEncoding));
 }
 ImageEncodings.ItemsSource = encodings;
 ImageEncodings.SelectedIndex = 0;
 _imageEncodingFormat = (ImageEncodingFormat)ImageEncodings.SelectedValue;
 }
The InitializeMediaCapture method initializes the _mediaCapture object to capture video only and subscribes the application to the Failed event:
private async Task InitializeMediaCapture()
 {
 _mediaCapture = new MediaCapture


Rendering larger resolutions with Artisan render for CMS IntelliCAD
#1
How to render realistic images using CMS IntelliCAD 8.2 and Artisan render for CMS IntelliCAD
1. The user selects the appropriate 'Aspect Ratio' from the Camera Menu and this proportion is saved for each Snapshot.
2. The user then creates a set of Snapshots of various views of the model.
3. When the Snapshot is taken, whether before or after a software render, an image is made of whatever is on the screen at that time. If you double-click on the Snapshot icon you will see the image that was created when that Snapshot was taken. The actual file for this image is in the 'Snapshots' folder alongside the model file. The file is named "real_time_<modelname><snapshotnumber>.jpg.
The resolution of this image (either software render or an openGL view) is whatever the screen happens to be but will be in the proportion chosen as the 'Aspect Ratio'. The value of this resolution is always displayed in the bottom right hand corner of the ARTISAN window.
4. Now the user wants to create (or re-create) rendered images from the saved SnapShots e.g. if a model has changed, or you now want to commit to higher resolution images. In the Snapshots section we can select a Snapshot, or set of Snapshots, choose a resolution for the 'Longest Side' and click 'Render All Snapshots'. This process will create a file for each render, saved in the Snapshot folder with each file named "photo_<modelname><snapshotnumber>".
If you now double-click on the Snapshot icon, you will see the "photo" version of the image and, if the resolution is higher than the screen, you will not be able to see the whole image.
5. The intended workflow is that the user creates these higher resolution images and either moves them to another folder or renames them in the Snapshot folder. If you do this (move or rename the "photo" image) then the double-click behaviour reverts to that when the Snapshot was taken.
Attachments
custom_resolution.PNG
custom_resolution.PNG (54.95 KiB) Viewed 6826 times
cron


text:
Researchers have taken further steps toward developing a superior animal model of neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury and epilepsy, according to a study of miniature pigs published in eNeuro. The results establish the pig as a promising preclinical research model for hippocampal-dependent human memory disorders.
The structure and function of hippocampus has been extensively studied in rodents and non-human primates, animals that together enable experimental manipulation and a way to address species differences. Domesticated miniature pigs — developed as laboratory animals for their smaller size and comparative anatomy — have recently emerged as a middle ground model with potential to bridge the gap between rodents and non-human primates in a single, behaviorally complex organism.
Building on initial neuroimaging studies of the pig brain, John Wolf and colleagues developed new electrophysiology techniques to probe the structure and record neural activity of the Yucatan miniature pig hippocampus. With this approach the researchers confirmed features of the pig hippocampus comparable to those of rodents and non-human primates, allowing for future investigations of translational disease models involving this important brain structure.


Agency of Human Services: Final Adopted Rule For Access to Information
This is a rule promulgated in 1996 by the Agency of Human Services as AHS Rule 96-1. It also is known as AHS Rule 96-23. The Department of Health is a department within the agency.
I. Definitions
1.1 "Agency" means the Agency of Human Services or any of theoffices, departments or programs that comprise the Agency.
1.2 "AHS" means the Vermont Agency of Human Services
1.3 "Client" means an individual or family who is voluntarilyserved by a department, office, program, contractor or grantee ofthe Agency of Human Services.
1.4 "Contractor" means an individual or entity with whom theAgency or any of its departments, offices or programs has acontract to provide personal services.
1.5 "Employee" means any person who works in a full-time, part-time, temporary, or contractual position for the Agency or any ofits departments, offices, or programs.
1.6 "Grantee" means an individual or entity with whom the Agencyor any part thereof has a grant to provide personal services.
1.7 "Program" means a set of services, (such as determining and processing ANFC benefits, verifying and setting up delivery for WIC foods) for which the Agency bears fiscal responsibility.
1.8 "Administrative Obligations" means activities pursuant to federal or state laws or regulations (such as verification of eligibility, verification of service delivery, detection of fraud, monitoring of quality assurance, audit of expenditure reports) which provide for accountability in the use of public funds.
II. Basic Principles
2.1 Presumption of Confidentiality
All information specific to, and identifying of, individualsand families is presumed to be confidential and subject to thesestandards. Employees shall not disclose the informationunless a specific exception to the presumption applies or thedisclosure is authorized by the client, a court or as otherwise authorized by law or rule.
2.2 Existing Statutes
These rules are not intended to expand or diminish currentprovisions in law relating to disclosure of confidentialinformation.
2.3 Information Collection
Employees shall collect and record only that informationneeded to fulfill the goal of serving the client and meetingadministrative or legal obligations.
2.4 Informing Clients
At the initial meeting with each client, or within two weeks, employees shall review and offer to provide the rules for access to information to the client.
III. Permissible Disclosures
3.1 Client Consent
No information about a client shall be released without prior consent from the client, unless directly connected with the administration of a program or necessary for compliance with federal or state laws or regulations.
3.2 Sharing "Non-identifiable" Information
Information that does not identify a client may be used forstatistical research, forecasting program needs, or other suchpurposes.
3.3 Public Information
Information defined as public by 1 VSA & 317 or otherapplicable statute is available to the public. The proceduresin the public records statute shall be followed before publicinformation is released.
3.4 Information Sharing for Administrative Purposes
Employees may share information which is necessary tosatisfy the Agency's administrative obligations. Departmentswill develop written agreements limiting the kinds of informationto be shared when programs are jointly administered by different Departments. No information shall be released to a person or entity that is out of state, unless directly connected with the administration of a program or necessary for compliance with federal or state laws or regulations.
3.5 Disclosure Without Consent in Limited Circumstances
Employees must release sufficient information tocomply with mandatory reporting requirements for cases involvingthe abuse, neglect, or exploitation of children and persons whoare elderly or who have disabilities. Information may be releasedwithout consent when Vermont law creates a duty to warn identified individuals of potential harm to their person or property, in response to court orders, or to investigate or report criminal activity as required by federal or state law or regulation. Only information relevant to the situation shall be disclosed. The employee shall document the date, purpose and content of the report, the name, address and affiliation of the person to whom the information was released, and shall notify the client that the information was disclosed.
IV. Procedures Related to Consent
4.1 Obtaining Informed Consent
Prior to releasing confidential information the Agency shallobtain the client's informed consent. This includes providinginformation about consent in a language and format understandableto the client. Reasonable accommodations shall be made forspecial needs based on the individual or family's education,culture, or disability. Employees shall inform clients that granting consent is not a pre-requisite for receiving services, and shall explain that they may apply for services separately.
4.2 Consent of Minors to Release of Information
Employees shall obtain the consent of a minor client torelease information concerning treatment for which parentalconsent is not required.
4.3 Format for Consent to Share Information
Consent for the sharing or release of information shallordinarily be in writing. If an emergency situation requires granting of verbal consent, written consent shall be obtained at the next office visit or within thirty days, whichever comes sooner. Required information will include:
 1. Names of the people about whom information may beshared
 2. A checklist of the kinds of information to be shared
 3. A checklist of the departments within the Agency toreceive the information
 4. A statement or date covering expiration of consent
 5. A statement about procedures for revoking consent
 6. Signature of individuals covered by the consent, ortheir parents or guardians
 7. Signature of the individual explaining the consentprocess with their position and job title.
 8. A space to provide individualized instructions.
 9. A copy of the consent form shall be provided to all signatories.
4.4 Client Access to Records
Unless prohibited by federal or state law or regulation, clients shall be permitted to view and obtain copies of their records. Each department within the Agency shall have written procedures which permit clients to verify personal information they have provided for accuracy and completeness and for placing amendments to the information in their files. Employees shall take reasonable steps to present records in a form accessible to the client, including but not limited to large type format or verbal review. A fee not to exceed the actual cost of copying may be charged for records exceeding 10 pages. This fee shall be waived if it would prohibit access.
V. Procedures to Protect Confidentiality
5.1 Staff Training
All AHS employees and all AHS volunteers and interns, shall be instructed in these rules. AHS shall train their Contractors and grantees who shall, in turn, provide the same instruction for their employees, interns, and volunteers.
5.2 Response to Requests for Information
An employee shall not respond to requests from outside the Agency for information about clients even to acknowledge that the person is a client, unless authorized. If a client has consented to or requests that information be released, the employee shall comply with the request.
5.3 Designated Individual
Each agency or department shall appoint one or more trained staff members to be responsible for responding to all requests for client information when there is no written consent to release, and no statutory or administrative authority permitting release of the requested information. These individuals shall be specially trained in maintaining confidentiality. A list of the designated individuals for each department and office shall be maintained in the Attorney General's office; Human Services Division.
5.4 Affirmation of Understanding
Employees shall sign an affirmation that they will complywith these rules. This affirmation shall be part of theirpersonnel files. Supervisors shall review this affirmationduring annual evaluations. Violation of these rules shall result in disciplinary action.
5.5 Written Agreements with Grantees or Contractors
The following assurance, or one similar to it, will beincluded in all AHS grants/contracts signed after these ruleshave been approved:
[Grantee/contractor] agrees to comply with the requirementsof AHS Rule No. 96-1 concerning access to information. Thecontractor shall require all of its employees to sign the AHSaffirmation of understanding or an equivalent statement.
5.6 Client Referrals
When referring a client to another agency for services, ifthe referral does not meet the criteria for permissibledisclosures under Section 3.4, the initial agency shall obtain the consent of the client for the referral and alert the receiving agency that confidential client information accompanies the referral.
5.7 Documentation of Disclosure
Requests for disclosures of client information shallbe maintained in the client's file if the request does not meetthe definition of a permissible disclosure under Section 3.4.
Employees shall document in writing any information actually disclosed, along with the name of the person/agency to whom it was disclosed and the date of the disclosure. When permissible disclosures are made under Section 3.4, documentation may be limited to the name of the department/agency/program to whom the disclosure was made.
VI. Information Systems
6.1 Computerized Information:
When developing a computerized data system, the Agencyshall:
 1. Develop security procedures consistent with the rule;
 2. Instruct staff in the security procedures;
 3. Inform clients if a computerized system is being used;
 4. Establish written agreements with participatingagencies outlining procedures for sharing andprotecting information.
 5. Develop security procedures in relation to the transmission of information.
6.2 Security Procedures
The Agency shall develop a protocol which is consistent with the requirements of this rule to safeguard confidentialclient information. Contractors and grantees shall also develop aprotocol or shall adopt the protocol of


text:
This morning it was extra cold (15 degrees F!). It would have been cold anyway because an arctic air mass arrived over the weekend, but it was extra cold because the sky was mostly clear last night. If we'd had lots of cloud cover we'd have been a little warmer.
The reason for this is not what you'd expect. Traditionally we've heard that cloud cover acts like a blanket to hold the heat in. The illustration above plays to that notion by showing heat arrows bouncing off the clouds. But it ain't exactly so. Believe it or not this illustration is wrong.
The truth is that we're warmer under cloud cover because the clouds radiate their own heat which warms the air below them. You've seen this principle in action if you've parked your car under a leafy tree on a frosty night and found your windshield frost-free the next morning though the open ground has frost. The tree radiated heat to keep your car just a little warmer than the open air.
The clouds do not "hold the heat in". They absorb the heat, and radiate their own heat in all directions. ...If you're camping, and you sleep under a tree, you will escape most of the dew compared to your buddies, who slept right out under the stars. The tree did not catch the dew, it just radiated energy to the ground around you, and kept it warmer. Warmer ground, less dew!
Click on the image to read more of Dan's Scientific Facts That Aren't True.
Clouds may blanket us but they aren't blankets.
(traditional image of heat bouncing off clouds from Dan's Wild Wild Science Journal: Scientific Facts That Aren't True by Dan Satterfield)


text:
Within: Food Poverty
Related to: Barriers to Healthy Eating – Financial Factors, Barriers to Healthy Eating –Social Factors, Diet and Malnutrition, Socio-economic Inequality, Cost of Living, Child Poverty, Children and Young People, Eating Disorders, Life Expectancy, Healthy Weight, Physical Activity, Wellbeing, Diabetes Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, Cancer
- Some rural and urban neighbourhoods in Bath and North East Somerset have little or no food retail provision of fruit and vegetables.
- Evidence indicates that exposure to fast food outlets in home, work and commuting environments is associated with higher consumption of takeaway food and an increase likelihood of being overweight.
A range of physical factors can affect people's food choices and their ability to access nutritious food. These factors include distance, access and transport to shops that sell fresh and nutritious food and the availability of healthy and unhealthy food options.
What does the data say?
Location, distance and access to food shops
Research into the link between food retail provision and dietary intake is relatively undeveloped however some studies suggest that access and transport to shops that sell affordable, healthy food can influence people's ability to access foods that comprise a healthy diet 1. A study by Caldwell et al. in 2009 suggest that people living in areas with shops and markets selling a wide range of affordable, fresh produce eat more fruit and vegetables than those living in areas with limited supply. 2
In Bath and North East Somerset numerous residential properties are located 500m or more from a food shop (approximately 10 minute walk) (see figure 1). Access to fresh food may be a particular issue for these residents who have limited mobility, are reliant on public transport and/ or are on a low income. Physical access to good quality food is not just about location but includes other factors such as cost, opening and delivery times, acceptability and awareness and transport.
Figure 1: Residential properties located 500metres or more from a food retail store in Bath and North East Somerset by LSOA 5
Please note - This map only includes food shops and supermarkets and does not include other food outlets such as street stalls, markets and online retail services. The map does not include data on the types and quality of foods sold. A distance of 500 metres between residential properties and food – stores has been used in line with proximity thresholds in relevant academic research 6.
Fast food consumption
Fast food consumption is associated with increased BMI, the likelihood of obesity and body fat ratios. 7. Consumption of takeaway food is more likely for children in deprived households 8 Food bought out of the home may also come in larger portions 9
Research on the effects of fast food availability is challenging given the number of factors involved. Results have been mixed, with some studies finding links between proximity to outlets and poor health outcomes, and others finding none. 10 11 12 One large-scale study looking at fast food in three locations (neighbourhoods, commuting and near work) found that the density of outlets across sites correlated with increased fast food consumption and exposure to multiple outlets during the day was strongly associated with higher BMI and risk of obesity. 13 14 15
The concentration of fast food outlets and takeaways varies by local authority in England and there is a strong association between deprivation and the density of fast food outlets (see figure 2). 16 17
Figure 2: Concentration of fast food outlets by local authority area in England 18
In Bath and North East Somerset there was an average of 70 outlets per 100,000 population in 2014. This was lower than the UK national average of 88 fast food takeaways per 100,000 population. Annual monitoring of fast-food takeaways is needed to inform policy making and prevent over-clustering in the future.19
Figure 3: Fast Food Outlets in B&NES in 2014 20
Please note -This map is based on Public Protection food business data. Fast Food businesses include all food businesses selling hot takeaway food.
Fast Food Outlets and Schools
In recent years a number of local authorities have successfully developed planning guidance to prevent the proliferation of hot food takeaways on sites close to schools or other youth amenities in certain areas. Research on the effects of food outlets near schools has found mixed results. 21 Other premises that sell food near schools (i.e. supermarkets, newsagents, off- licences etc) could also affect young people's dietary intake.
Are we meeting the needs?
B&NES Local Food Partnership
A multi-agency Local Food Partnership has been set up by Bath and North East Somerset Council to oversee the implementation of the Bath and North East Somerset Local Food Strategy and to co-ordinate action on food issues across the Council and the district. The vision of the Partnership is for B&NES to be a place where everyone can access good quality, safe, affordable food and enjoy a healthy diet, with more locally produced food that sustains the environment and supports the local economy.
B&NES Council and partners are delivering the following interventions to increase the accessibility of fresh, healthy and nutritious food:
Eat out, Eat Well Award
The Eat Out Eat Well Award is designed to encourage food outlets to provide their customers with healthier choices and to support them to reduce the fat, salt and sugar content of food prepared. The award has three levels – bronze, silver and gold - and is based on a scoring system that takes into account the type of food on offer, cooking methods and promotion of healthy choices to customers. To obtain a gold award key members of staff are also required to undertake accredited training in nutrition. The award scheme is open to all types of food outlets including restaurants, cafes, takeaways and work settings. There are currently 82 businesses in B&NES with an "Eat Out Eat Well" award and there is a target of enlisting 20% of High Street food outlets by 2019 (B&NES Council Public Protection Team 2016).
Healthy Eating in Schools
Bath and North East Somerset Council have put in place a Food Forum to support all aspects of food in schools, colleges and early year settings including initiatives to support the provision of free school meals for infants, to provide healthier diets for children and to support the provision of food education and activities. The Food Forum supports the provision of healthier food for children by supporting educational settings to implement the school food standards and to sign up and work towards the healthy eating requirements of the Director of Public Health Award (DPHA). In B&NES 25 schools currently hold the DPHA "healthy schools certificate" and 37 have achieved it since the award programme began in 2012 (47%). A further 11 schools and the FE college have chosen healthy eating as a focus for their work towards the "healthy outcomes certificate" choosing activities such as increasing the number of children eating school meals, and providing cooking and food growing education in school. Academies do not have to enforce the statutory school food standards however they are being supported to sign up voluntarily to the standards.
Healthy Eating in Workplaces: Workplace, wellbeing charter
The Workplace Wellbeing Charter is a scheme for employers to demonstrate their commitment to the health and wellbeing of their workforce. The Charter includes a number of priority themes including healthy eating. Within this theme support and guidance is provided to support workplaces to implement interventions including promotion of healthy options, improvements to dining environments and the development and adoption of corporate healthy food plans. The scheme was launched in Autumn 2014 and has supported 12 large businesses to sign up to the charter.
- 1. Bowyer, S., Caraher, M., Ellbert, K.,Car – Hill, R. (2009) Shopping for food: lessons from a London borough, British Food Journal, Vol. 111 Iss: 5, pp.452 – 474
- 2. Caldwell, E., Kobayashi, M., DuBow, W and Wytinck, S. (2009) Perceived access to fruit and vegetables associated with increased consumption. Public Health Nutrition; 12 (10) 1743 – 1750.
- 3. Guy, C (2004) Neighbourhood retailing and food poverty: a case study in Cardiff. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 32 (12): 577 – 81
- 4. Wrigley, N., Warm, D., Margetts, B.(2003)Deprivation, diet and food – retail access: findings from the Leeds "food deserts" study. Environment and Planning; 35 151 – 188
- 5. Research and Intelligence Team, (2014) Bath and North East Somerset Council.
- 6. MacDonald, L., Ellaway, A., Ball, K., Macintyre, S. (2011) Is proximity to a food retail store associated with diet and BMI in Glasgow, Scotland? BioMedCentral; 11 (464)
- 7. Fraser, L.K., Clarke, G.P., Cade, J.E., & Edwards, K.L. (2012) Fast food and obesity: a spatial analysis in a large United Kingdom population of children aged 13–15. American journal of preventive medicine, 42 (5): e77-e85.
- 8. Adams, J., Goffe, L., Brown, T., Lake, A.A., Summerbell, C., White, M. & Adamson, A.J. (2015) Frequency and socio-demographic correlates of eating meals out and take-away meals at home: cross-sectional analysis of the UK national diet and nutrition survey, waves 1-4 (2008-12) International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12 (1): 51
- 9. Saunders, P., Saunders, A., & Middleton, J. (2015) Living in a 'fat swamp': exposure to multiple sources of accessible, cheap,


Asymmetry In Structural Response of Inner and Outer Transmembrane Segments of CorA Protein By a Coarse-Grain Model
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-3-2016
Department
Physics and Astronomy
School
Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Abstract
Structure of CorA protein and its inner (i.corA) and outer (o.corA) transmembrane (TM) components are investigated as a function of temperature by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation. Thermal response of i.corA is found to differ considerably from that of the outer component, o.corA. Analysis of the radius of gyration reveals that the inner TM component undergoes a continuous transition from a globular conformation to a random coil structure on raising the temperature. In contrast, the outer transmembrane component exhibits an abrupt (nearly discontinuous) thermal response in a narrow range of temperature. Scaling of the structure factor shows a globular structure of i.corA at a low temperature with an effective dimension D ∼ 3 and a random coil at a high temperature with D ∼ 2. The residue distribution in o.corA is slightly sparser than that of i.corA in a narrow thermos-responsive regime. The difference in thermos-response characteristics of these components (i.corA and o.corA) may reflect their unique transmembrane functions.
Publication Title
The Journal of Chemical Physics
Volume
145
Issue
13
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