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Reimar Johne mainly investigates Virology, Genotype, Hepatitis E virus, Hepatitis E and Orthohepevirus. His Virology research focuses on Virus in particular. Reimar Johne interconnects Zoology, Norovirus, Outbreak and Rotavirus in the investigation of issues within Genotype.
His Hepatitis E virus research includes themes of Transmission, Wild boar, Antibody and Seroprevalence. He works mostly in the field of Hepatitis E, limiting it down to topics relating to Viral replication and, in certain cases, Caliciviridae, Immunoelectron microscopy and Molecular typing. His Orthohepevirus research includes elements of Hepeviridae and Hepatitis.
His scientific interests lie mostly in Virology, Virus, Hepatitis E virus, Genotype and Genome. His study in Virology is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from both Antibody and Sequence analysis. His study explores the link between Virus and topics such as Feather that cross with problems in Beak.
His biological study spans a wide range of topics, including Hepatitis E, Hepatitis, Transmission, Wild boar and Seroprevalence. His studies in Genotype integrate themes in fields like Veterinary medicine and Zoology. His Genome study is focused on Genetics in general.
Reimar Johne spends much of his time researching Virology, Hepatitis E virus, Virus, Genotype and Reverse genetics. His work in the fields of Virology, such as Capsid, overlaps with other areas such as German. The study incorporates disciplines such as Food science, Hepatitis E, Viral life cycle, Infectivity and Gene silencing in addition to Hepatitis E virus.
His work in the fields of Virus, such as Host factor, intersects with other areas such as Interferon-inducible GTPase. Reimar Johne works mostly in the field of Genotype, limiting it down to concerns involving Viral load and, occasionally, Semen, Viremia and Genomic sequencing. His research integrates issues of Mutagenesis, Plasmid and Rotavirus in his study of Reverse genetics.
Reimar Johne focuses on Virus, Genotype, Hepatitis E virus, Virology and Reverse genetics. Reimar Johne combines subjects such as Infectivity, Food science and RNA extraction with his study of Genotype. His Hepatitis E virus research incorporates elements of Veterinary medicine and Viral load.
His Virology research is multidisciplinary, incorporating perspectives in Cell culture and Cell. His Reverse genetics study deals with Plasmid intersecting with Mutagenesis, Zoonosis, Recombinant virus, Vaccinia and Simian. His Genome study combines topics in areas such as Viral outer capsid and Viral entry.
This overview was generated by a machine learning system which analysed the scientist's body of work. If you have any feedback, you can contact us here.
PCR inhibitors - occurrence, properties and removal.
C. Schrader;A. Schielke;L. Ellerbroek;R. Johne.
Journal of Applied Microbiology (2012)
Uniformity of rotavirus strain nomenclature proposed by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG).
Jelle Matthijnssens;Max Ciarlet;Sarah M. McDonald;Houssam Attoui.
Archives of Virology (2011)
VP6-sequence-based cutoff values as a criterion for rotavirus species demarcation.
Jelle Matthijnssens;Peter H Otto;Max Ciarlet;Ulrich Desselberger.
Archives of Virology (2012)
Detection of a novel hepatitis E-like virus in faeces of wild rats using a nested broad-spectrum RT-PCR
Reimar Johne;Anita Plenge-Bönig;Michael Hess;Rainer G. Ulrich.
Journal of General Virology (2010)
Proposed reference sequences for hepatitis E virus subtypes
Donald B. Smith;Peter Simmonds;Jacques Izopet;Edmilson F. Oliveira-Filho.
Journal of General Virology (2016)
Identification of an avian group A rotavirus containing a novel VP4 gene with a close relationship to those of mammalian rotaviruses
Eva Trojnar;Jana Sachsenröder;Jana Sachsenröder;Sven Twardziok;Jochen Reetz.
Journal of General Virology (2013)
Rolling-circle amplification of viral DNA genomes using phi29 polymerase.
Reimar Johne;Hermann Müller;Annabel Rector;Marc van Ranst.
Trends in Microbiology (2009)
Taxonomical developments in the family Polyomaviridae
Reimar Johne;Christopher B. Buck;Tobias Allander;Walter J. Atwood.
Archives of Virology (2011)
Novel hepatitis E virus genotype in Norway rats, Germany.
Reimar Johne;Gerald Heckel;Anita Plenge-Bönig;Eveline Kindler.
Emerging Infectious Diseases (2010)
Novel approach for detection of hepatitis E virus infection in German blood donors
Tanja Vollmer;Juergen Diekmann;Reimar Johne;Matthias Eberhardt.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology (2012)
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text:
routing key property of the message matches the routing key of the key according to a primitive pattern matching scheme, then the message is forwarded to the queue. The message routing key then consists of words separated by dots (".", like domain names), and two special characters are available; star ("") and hash ("#"). The star matches any word, and the hash matches zero or more words. For example ".stock.#" matches the routing keys "usd.stock" and "eur.stock.db" but not "stock.nasdaq".
Durable: this flag determines the durability of both exchanges and queues; durable exchanges and queues remain active when a RabbitMQ server restarts. Non-durable exchanges/queues (transient exchanges/queues) are purged when a server restarts. It is worth noting that AMQP specifies that durable queues cannot bind to transient exchanges. Default is True.
Auto_delete: if set, the exchange is deleted when all queues have finished using it. Default is False.
Exclusive: exclusive queues (such as non-shared) may only be consumed from by the current connection. When exclusive is on, this also implies auto_delete. Default is False.
Exchange_type: AMQP defines several default exchange types (routing algorithms) that covers most of the common messaging use cases.
Auto_ack: acknowledgment is handled automatically once messages are received. By default auto_ack is set to False, and the receiver is required to manually handle acknowledgment.
No_ack: it disable acknowledgment on the server-side. This is different from auto_ack in that acknowledgment is turned off altogether. This functionality increases performance but at the cost of reliability. Messages can get lost if a client dies before it can deliver them to the application.
Auto_declare: if this is True and the exchange name is set, the exchange will be automatically declared at instantiation. Auto declare is on by default. Publishers specify most the parameters of Consumers (such as they do not specify a queue name), but they can also specify the following:
Delivery_mode: the default delivery mode used for messages. The value is an integer. The following delivery modes are supported by RabbitMQ:
- 1 or "transient": the message is transient. Which means it is stored in memory only, and is lost if the server dies or restarts.
- 2 or "persistent": the message is persistent. Which means the message is stored both in-memory, and on disk, and therefore preserved if the server dies or restarts.
The default value is 2 (persistent). During a send operation, Publishers can override the delivery mode of messages so that, for example, transient messages can be sent over a durable queue.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


11 reasons for the Price difference in Bellota hams
We can find Iberian jamón de bellota for less than €40/kg and for more than €400/kg. It's a huge difference which is not justified solely by the quality of the final product, but a combination of different factors.
1. Breed
Better quality Pata Negra hams come from 100% Iberian pigs, which cost to raise is significantly higher than cross-breeds. They fatten a lot slower, they produce smaller hams and the litters are smaller in number.
2. Food on the farm
Iberian pigs on a farm
Iberian pigs on a farm, a few days before going to the pasture to start the montanera period (free-range grazing)
From weaning until it is driven to the mountain, the animal spends a few months on a farm, where it is fed on a diet of fodder. The pig can't go from drinking the milk of its mother one day to eating acorns the next; it needs time to adapt. One example is what we do with human babies. Once they stop weaning we slowly begin to introduce baby food (cereals and fruit), alternating them with a bottle. This goes on for several weeks until the baby is ready to try other foods such as fish and meat, and later on dried fruits and nuts, etc.
Returning to animal food, there are many prices that are dependent on the quality of the raw material and the combination of cereals and other nutrients in the formula.
3. Age and weight on entering the montanera phase
The law sets minimum conditions for the age and weight to be able to label a ham "de bellota":
 - The weight on beginning the montanera phase should be between 92 and 115 kg.
 - During the montanera phase they should be fattened at least 46 kg on a diet of acorns and grass.
 - The minimum age at slaughter is 14 months.
 - The minimum individual carcass weight (after removal of the skin, head and viscera) is 115 kg, except for 100% Iberian animals, in which case the minimum is 108 kg.
Thus, a producer who meets the minimum legal requirements is able to sell hams with a lower production cost than those who are significantly above the threshold, at the expense of quality, of course.
4. Duration of the montanera period
The Royal Decree 4/2014 rules that the pig must spend a minimum of 2 months in the pasture, but there are farmers who extend this by 1 or 2 months, or more. In some cases pigs are given 2 montanera periods. That is, when acorn season is over, they are brought back to the farm until the next season, when they will eat more acorns again.
The longer the montanera period is, the more acorns are eaten and the more exercise undertaken, and so the Pata Negra will be of a higher quality. But this comes with a cost: the shepherds and vets must work more, and the number of casualties among the pigs rises as a result of illness, theft or attacks from other wildlife that inhabit the mountain. Furthermore, the jamón will need more months of maturation, because the quality of the fat would be higher and so the oxidation would be slower.
5. Quality of the montanera
Iberian pigs eating acorns in the pasture
Iberian pigs eating acorns in the pasture
It's not the fair to put 50 pigs in a pasture of 500 hectares, the same as you would put 100 in the same amount of space. They'd get half the amount of acorns.
Naturally the law limits the density of animals per square metre, and the density of oaks. Therefore manufacturers need to hire an inspection company to certify that their pastures are compliant. But even within the legal limits there are some producers who are closer to the minimum than others.
The quality and quantity of acorns is not the same at all times nor in all pastures. Pigs are very selective and will find the best acorns first, the biggest and sweetest, which are the major contributors to the overall quality of the hams and sausages.
6. Organic vs. Conventional
Undoubtedly one of the aspects that most influences the final price is the condition of organic ham. The limitation in pharmacological treatments raises the mortality of pigs, the absence of preservatives makes many hams spoil before being sold and the cost of the feed is much higher. We must also add the costs of certification and control of the authorities.
Production of organic Iberico ham in Spain is negligible; we only have half a dozen small producers.
7. Maturation period
Hams curing in the cellar
Hams curing in the cellar
A Jamón de bellota loses between 8% and 10% of its weight each year that it's hanging in the cellar (between 7% and 9% in the shoulders). Basically what you lose is water. Thus, if the sale comes within 2 years instead of 3, we can reduce its price by about 10% while maintaining the same margin.
Not surprisingly the quality is not the same. One extra year of maturation brings new aromas, a more intense flavour and easier cutting.
8. Salt
Excess salt, besides being harmful to health also hides a lot of the flavours of ham. Consumers tend to prefer sweeter and softer Iberian hams, especially in recent times.
But what happens if we fall short of salt? Well, two things can happen:
 1. The meat contaminates and rots (salt is the main preservative), or
 2. The muscle tissue loses consistency and flavour. It's what people in the business call jamón chicloso (gummy ham).
Thus, those manufacturers who strive to minimize the concentration of salt to get better tasting hams know they will have to throw out some pieces. Consequently, they'll have to sell the others at a higher price to compensate for these losses.
9. Brand
Prestige, exclusivity and advertising campaigns have a direct effect on the selling price.
In 2006 Cárnicas Maldonado launched a special series of €1500 hams called Alba Quercus (renamed Albarragena). Others followed such as Joselito with his Vintage series at €2000 and Jamones Premium by Arturo Sánchez at €4.000… Logically the series don't last very long; the hams are really good but the price per kg hardly justifies the final quality. In fact, they are often instruments for marketing campaigns.
On the other hand, manufacturers with strong brands know that customers are willing to pay a little more for the security that comes with their name and reputation.
10. Commerce
A ham of the same brand can be found at very different prices between one store and another. Not everyone works with the same margins. It's also possible to lower the price of the ham but end up paying for the service: high delivery costs, very restrictive return policy, poor customer service…
The country where the trade is largely determines the final price. Some manufacturers require sellers to buy the product to the official importer only, and therefore the prices are usually much higher than in its place of origin or in a more competitive environment.
11. Time of year in which the purchase is made
The price of ham is usually quite stable throughout the year, although there may be periods of shortages that drive up the price. It happens, for example, when a manufacturer has exhausted the pieces of a campaign and the next lot are still a little tender.
The additives in Pata Negra ham
Until recently, what worried consumers most was the salt content of cured ham. WHO (World Health Organisation) recommends consuming a maximum of 5g per day (even less in children and adolescents) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, although the world average of between 9 and 12g is more than double.
These days it seems that other additives used by most manufacturers generate more fear or distrust in consumers: preservatives, antioxidants, acidity regulators … This article will try to explain why they are used and what the associated health risks are.
Salt jar
Salt (photo by Gregory Bourolias)
Salt is the oldest known preservative and without it meat would rot. It's also a flavour enhancer: we tend to find that ham with less than 2.5% salt is tasteless and with an unpleasant texture.
Pata negra ham (jamón ibérico) has the least salt content of them all (between 2.5% to 4.5%). It's followed by Serrano ham (5%), Bayonne ham (5.5%) and Parma ham (5.7%). Credit goes to genetics in this case: the marbling fat and higher pH level in Iberico hams hinders the penetration of the salt.
When compared with other types of products, it would be at the same level as Roquefort cheese or olives.
As we mentioned in the introduction, it's been proven that excess salt increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, heart attacks, etc.) but it's also thought to cause kidney failure and osteoporosis.
The most commonly used preservatives are potassium nitrate (E-250) and sodium nitrite (E-252). Nitrates and nitrites have been used for hundreds of years and play an important role in ensuring the microbiological safety (especially protecting consumers from botulism) of foodstuffs.
The European Food Safety Agency


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $M$ be a geometrically finite hyperbolic surface with one cuspidal end and one funnel end so that it can be divided into $C \cup K \cup F$ where $C$ is the cusp, $F$ the funnel and $K$ the compact core.
Focus on the cusp with the following boundary defining function (due to David Borthwick: Spectral Theory of Infinite-Area Hyperbolic Surfaces)
Let $\rho (x)=e^{-r}$ where $r$ is the distance of $x$ to the compact core $K$. As a boundary defining function it needs to have a non-vanishing differential on the boundary. How can this fact be seen for this function?
If I take the look back to the upper half plane the hyperbolic distance for distinct points $a$ and $b$ located on the y-axis is given by $log(a/b)$. I suppose that's the reason for choosing $e^{-r}$. If you take a point $c$ at the boundary its distance to the compact core is infinite, so $e^{-r(c)}$ is zero, clearly. But what's with the differential? Is there a direct way of calculating it in this case with the given information? I don't understand why is it not zero at the boundary.
In a discussion with others there was the idea to show it by relating the the boundary defining function for the cusp to a (maybe given) boundary defining function for a funnel end by 'inverting', precisely:
Here $M = (0, \infty) \times S^1$ with the metric $g=(dx^2+d\theta^2)/x^2$ where the variable $x$ refers to $(0,\infty)$ and $x$ itself is a boundary defining for the funnel end. If $x$ is bdf for the funnel, is it true that then 1/x is a boundary defining function for the cusp?
My problem is the absence of a diffeomorphism from the cusp (as a point) to the funnel (which is a circle). Can this be repaired by viewing the cusp as a 'infinitely' small circle? The strategy I have in mind is: If there would be a diffeomorphism between the ends and given a boundary defining function for the funnel then the pullback of it has non-vanishing differential.
Since this is my first question on MO, I hope my explanations were precise enough and the questions aren't too basic.
Thank you for your help, Robin Neumann
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text:
Jim Bachman, Tobias Gummersbach and John Loughrey of GR-NEAM, offer a 'top-down observable price' approach to benchmarking.
Regulators have legislative responsibility to establish solvency standards for insurers. Rating agencies have a commercial interest in providing a framework to gauge insurers' capital adequacy. For each the focus is to assign capital charges to the various activities of insurers, tally their accumulation and conclude the need for regulatory intervention or assigning a financial rating, respectively.
Two developments give us pause to review capital charges of different regulatory and rating agency regimes. The first is the creation of the US Federal Insurance Office. The second is EIOPA's most recent publication addressing underlying assumptions of the Solvency II Standard Model Formula (SII).
The focus of this article is the investment capital charges developed within the SII and, in particular, contrasted to the charges developed using GR-NEAM's 'top-down observable price' methodology. We highlight these differences using the security level holdings of the US property/casualty (P/C) industry.
GR-NEAM, benchmarking, regulation, ratings agencies, SII

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
This post is a follow-up to the Assembly Automation Tutorial for Inventor iLogic post where we added the fifty-some odd lines of iLogic code to our Inventor Assembly. Today's post will attempt to explain that code.
This post was supposed to be published yesterday, but I spent most of the day screwing around with a plugin that will eventually allow me to post Inventor iLogic code with the proper syntax highlighting that can be copy & pasted right from the webpage into your iLogic Code Editor without intermediate programs adding special characters that screw up the code. I'll be posting a bit more on that in the next post. Until that is up-and-running, I'll use images…
The first two lines of code (above) are creating variables. The Nut_Offset variable gets its value by reading the Nut_Offset parameter in the Hanger Bolt:1 part. The second variable, Overall_Size is reading two local parameters (Blue) and multiplying them against each other to get its value.
The next snippet of code (above) creates a new variable called Largest_Overall_Size, and has a static value that I created by dividing the largest possible width * the largest possible length. The line after that creates a variable based on a division of the Largest_Overall_Size. There are 8 sizes of hanger bolts, so the overall size was divided by 8.
The If – Then statement at the end of the above chunk catches an error where the user enters a number larger than the max size and returns the size to the max. This is there because the code that corrects oversized parts (the min/max code in the table part) has not yet run at this point, so that info cannot be pulled in at this point, and a static value was used. In the real world, I would likely have moved the code from the part to the top level, but decided not to for the tutorial. If anyone wants to know how to do it, let me know and I may do a post on it.
The Hole variable above sets the size of the holes in the bracket and leg at ¼". A small If – Then statement below the code block below changes the value to 5/16" if the hanger bolt is 4" or longer. The Clearance variable is where a shop standard hole clearance is added to the formula. Both values are sent to the parts in code below. This could be built upon to have the bolt hole change size depending on the type of wood to eliminate splitting.
The above block of code simply divides the model into eight units, and assigns one of the eight possible hanger bolt assemblies to the model based on its overall size. In the real world, you would likely have only a couple sizes of hanger bolts –or maybe cheap stapled in plastic corners for that matter. This exercise is not meant to provide you with a RTM solution, just the bits to cobble together your own.
The above code is the little snippet mentioned above that uses the final Hanger_Bolt_Length determined by the big block of code above, and if it is 4" or longer, changes the Hole variable to 5/16".
The first line of the code above makes sure the hanger bolt (in all cases were the bolt is long enough) is only into the leg the depth of its screw portion. To get a better idea how that is accomplished you need to refresh your memory as to the formula we used for the thread lengths on the hanger bolt.
All of the above lines of code send info to a parameter in a part. Some of the values are what we will enter into the form, and some are the final value of variables created earlier in the code.
With new values sent to the parts, the snippet of iLogic code above forces the parts to run their own rules (which in some cases changes the input).
The above code returns the corrected (if necessary) numbers outputted by the Min/Max rule to the actual dimensions section of the form so that the person entering the two can compare the two. If we get rid of the Adj_ prefix on all three, we can simply overwrite the user's input with the corrected values, and get rid of the adjusted section of the form…
But for this exercise, we will leave the adjusting version intact.
The first one updates the document (the Layout Part in this case) immediately after running the rule, and the second outputs the parameters to the model –where I am grabbing them at the assembly level to display true driven dimensions. The model should do both of these automatically, and indeed, mine is again doing so. I have since commented the snippets out and everything is working just peachy…..humpf. Use it if you need it.
And that's it for today's Inventor iLogic Tutorial. In the next installment I'll add the pixy dust that will allow automatic parts lists later. It would be a good time to modify the top so that it not only gives the number of boards needed and their respective sizes, but changes that amount and size information based on the overall size of the table. But I'll likely press on towards the drawings and go back later. It's a piece of cake to modify a model like that, and indeed it is part of the design process and should be a part of the learning experience. Only the most simplistic of designs can be 'seen' from beginning to end. Usually there is a good idea as to the path that needs to be taken, and adjustments are made along the way to match the realities encountered.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


acetic acid and hydrocortisone (otic) (Acetasol HC, Earsol-HC, Oticot HC)
Brand Names: Acetasol HC, Earsol-HC, Oticot HC, Vasotate HC, Vosol HC
Generic Name: acetic acid and hydrocortisone (otic)
What is acetic acid and hydrocortisone otic?
Acetic acid is an antibiotic that treats infections caused by bacteria or fungus.
Hydrocortisone is a steroid. It reduces the actions of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation.
Acetic acid and hydrocortisone otic (for the ear) is a combination medicine used to treat infections in the ear canal, and to relieve the symptoms of redness, itching, or swelling. This medicine will not treat an inner ear infection (also called otitis media).
Acetic acid and hydrocortisone may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What are the possible side effects of acetic acid and hydrocortisone otic?
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Stop using this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have severe burning or other irritation after using the ear drops.
Common side effects may include mild stinging or burning with the first use.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
What is the most important information I should know about acetic acid and hydrocortisone otic?
You should not use acetic acid and hydrocortisone if you have a hole in your ear drum (ruptured ear drum).
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using acetic acid and hydrocortisone otic?
You should not use acetic acid and hydrocortisone if you are allergic to it, or if you have a hole in your ear drum (ruptured ear drum).
To make sure this medicine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breast-feeding a baby.
Acetic acid and hydrocortisone should not be used on a child younger than 3 years old.
How should I use acetic acid and hydrocortisone otic?
Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
For best results, remove any ear wax or other debris before using this medicine. Ask your doctor about safe methods of ear wax removal.
To use the ear drops:
 - Soak a small piece of cotton with several drops of this medicine and then insert it into your ear. Or you may insert the cotton into your ear first and then drop in enough medicine to soak the cotton inside the ear canal.
 - Leave the cotton in your ear for at least 24 hours, and keep it moist by adding 3 to 5 drops of the medicine to the cotton every 4 to 6 hours.
 - After removing the cotton, you may then place the drops directly into your ear 3 or 4 times daily. Use only the number of drops your doctor has prescribed.
 - Follow your doctor's instructions about how long to keep using acetic acid and hydrocortisone ear drops.
Do not touch the dropper tip or place it directly in your ear. It may become contaminated. Wipe the tip with a clean tissue but do not wash with water or soap.
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the bottle tightly closed when not in use.
SLIDESHOW
Ear Infection Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment See Slideshow
What happens if I miss a dose?
Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
An overdose of this medicine is not expected to be dangerous. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at _PHONE_ if anyone has accidentally swallowed the medication.
What should I avoid while using acetic acid and hydrocortisone otic?
This medicine is for use only in the ears. Avoid getting the medicine in your eyes, mouth, and nose, or on your lips. Rinse with water if this medicine gets in or on these areas.
Do not use other ear medications unless your doctor tells you to.
What other drugs will affect acetic acid and hydrocortisone otic?
It is not likely that other drugs you take orally or inject will have an effect on acetic acid and hydrocortisone used in the ears. But many drugs can interact with each other. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all medicines you use, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.
Where can I get more information?
Your pharmacist can provide more information about acetic acid and hydrocortisone otic.
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.
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Reviewed on 10/12/2022
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text:
Simulation study for a switchable adaptive polymer dispersed liquid crystal smart window for two climate zones (Riyadh and London)
Hemaida, Abdulmohsin; Ghosh, Aritra; Sundaram, Senthilarasu; Mallick, Tapas K.
Dr Senthilarasu Sundaram _EMAIL_
Tapas K. Mallick
Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) is an electrically switchable smart window, that can provide privacy and control solar radiation, resulting in a potential energy saving. The optical properties of the PDLC window can be altered from translucent to transparent when an alternating current power supply is applied. However, little attention has been paid to the PDLC smart window in terms of overall building energy performance. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of the PDLC window on heating, cooling, and lighting loads and daylight performance, for an office building utilising energy building modelling and daylight analysis tool. The study is limited to two contrasting climate zones; an arid climate (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) and a temperate climate (London, United Kingdom). The results showed that the PDLC window was more effective in Riyadh (arid climate) with a cooling reduction of 12.8% than London (temperate climate) with a heating reduction of 4.9%. PDLC provided excellent interior illuminance in both cities.
Hemaida, A., Ghosh, A., Sundaram, S., & Mallick, T. K. (2021). Simulation study for a switchable adaptive polymer dispersed liquid crystal smart window for two climate zones (Riyadh and London). Energy and Buildings, 251, Article 111381. _URL_
|Journal Article Type||Article|
|Acceptance Date||Aug 19, 2021|
|Online Publication Date||Aug 21, 2021|
|Deposit Date||Dec 16, 2022|
|Journal||Energy and Buildings|
|Peer Reviewed||Peer Reviewed|
|Keywords||Glazing, Smart window, PDLC energy performance, Green building, Energy saving, PDLC simulation, Office building simulation|
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Why is silica gel used in packaging
Why is silica gel used in packaging
Have you ever received a package and found a small packet labeled "DO NOT EAT" inside? That little packet is filled with silica gel, a moisture-absorbing agent used in packaging to protect products from moisture damage during shipping and storage. But why is silica gel so important, and how does it work? In this article, we'll explore the fascinating science behind silica gel and why it's essential for keeping your favorite products safe and dry. So, grab a cup of coffee and keep reading to learn more about this unsung hero of packaging.
Why is Silica Gel Used in Packaging?
When we buy a new product, we often find a small packet of silica gel inside the packaging. We tend to overlook this tiny packet, but it has an essential role to play in keeping the product safe and secure. Silica gel is used primarily as a desiccant to absorb moisture from the surrounding environment. It is a highly porous and granular form of silicon dioxide that can absorb up to 40% of its weight in water. Let's delve deeper into why silica gel is used in packaging.
Prevents Moisture Damage
Silica gel is a popular choice for packaging because it prevents moisture damage to the products. Moisture is one of the most significant concerns for packaging as it can damage the product and reduce its shelf life. Silica gel beads absorb moisture from the surrounding environment, thereby reducing the humidity levels in the packaging. It is particularly useful for products that are sensitive to moisture, such as electronic devices, food items, and pharmaceuticals.
Preserves Quality
Silica gel is an effective way to preserve the quality of the product. It helps to maintain the freshness and aroma of food items, prevent corrosion of metals, and protect the color of fabrics. Silica gel packets are commonly used in the packaging of shoes, bags, and clothes to prevent moisture damage and bacterial growth. It also helps to prevent the growth of mold and mildew, which can damage the product and pose a health risk.
Extends Shelf Life
Silica gel can extend the shelf life of products by preventing moisture damage and preserving their quality. Products that are exposed to moisture can spoil quickly, leading to spoilage, discoloration, and odor. Silica gel packets can help to keep the products fresh for a more extended period, reducing the need for frequent replacements. It is particularly beneficial for products that are stored for an extended period, such as seasonal clothing, leather goods, and electronic devices.
Cost-Effective Solution
Silica gel is a cost-effective solution for packaging as it is readily available and affordable. It is easy to manufacture and can be made in different sizes and shapes to suit the packaging needs. Silica gel packets are also reusable and can be regenerated by heating them in an oven. This makes them an eco-friendly option for packaging, reducing waste and cost.
Safe and Non-Toxic
Silica gel is a safe and non-toxic material that does not pose any health risks. It is chemically stable and does not react with other materials, making it safe to use in food packaging. The FDA has approved the use of silica gel in food packaging, and it is widely used in the food industry. Silica gel packets are also safe to handle and dispose of, making them a popular choice for packaging.
Alternative to Other Materials
Silica gel is an alternative to other materials used for packaging, such as plastic and foam. It is a more environmentally friendly option as it is biodegradable and does not contribute to plastic waste. Silica gel packets can be reused or recycled, reducing waste and environmental impact. It is also a more effective solution for packaging as it can absorb more moisture than other materials.
Final Thoughts
In conclusion, silica gel is used in packaging to prevent moisture damage, preserve quality, extend shelf life, provide a cost-effective solution, and offer a safe and non-toxic alternative to other materials. Silica gel packets may be small, but they play a significant role in ensuring that the products we buy remain safe, secure, and of high quality. It is a simple yet effective solution that has become an indispensable part of modern packaging.
Silica gel is also commonly used in the shipping of products. During transportation, products may be exposed to various environmental conditions, including high humidity levels. Silica gel packets can help to absorb excess moisture and protect the product from damage. This is particularly important for products that are shipped long distances or stored in warehouses before being sold.
In addition to its use in packaging, silica gel is also used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, electronics, and automotive. In the pharmaceutical industry, silica gel is used as a desiccant to prevent moisture damage to medicines. In the electronics industry, it is used to protect electronic components from moisture and corrosion. In the automotive industry, it is used to reduce humidity levels in car cabins and prevent mold growth.
Silica gel packets come in different sizes and shapes to suit various packaging needs. They can be placed inside the packaging or attached to the product itself. Silica gel can also be used in combination with other desiccants, such as activated carbon, to provide additional protection.
Although silica gel is safe and non-toxic, it is important to keep it away from children and pets. Silica gel packets may look like candy or toys, but they should not be ingested. If ingested, silica gel can cause stomach upset and other digestive problems.
In conclusion, silica gel is a versatile and effective desiccant that is widely used in packaging to prevent moisture damage and preserve the quality of products. Its cost-effectiveness, safety, and eco-friendliness make it a popular choice for packaging. Whether it is for food, electronics, or clothes, silica gel packets play a crucial role in ensuring that the products we buy remain fresh, safe, and of high quality.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is silica gel used in packaging?
What is silica gel?
Silica gel is a desiccant, which means it absorbs moisture from the air. It is made of silicon dioxide, which is found in nature as quartz. It is processed to make small beads or crystals that are used in various products, including packaging.
How does silica gel work to protect products?
Silica gel absorbs moisture from the air, which helps to protect products from damage. Moisture can cause rust, mold, and other types of damage to products, especially during shipping or storage. Silica gel helps to keep products dry and prevent damage.
Is silica gel dangerous to handle?
Silica gel is not toxic, but it is not meant to be ingested. It can cause irritation if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes. If you accidentally ingest silica gel, it is not harmful, but you should drink plenty of water. It is important to keep silica gel away from children and pets.
Key Takeaways
– Silica gel is a desiccant that absorbs moisture from the air to protect products from damage.
– It is made of silicon dioxide and is not toxic, but should not be ingested.
– Silica gel is used in various products, including packaging, to keep products dry and prevent damage.
In conclusion, silica gel is an important component in packaging that helps to protect products from moisture damage during shipping and storage. It is a safe and effective way to keep products in good condition.
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text:
Extracting taxonomic information from ConTax data sets.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A vector of texts, typically the
The ConTax data sets are
Fasta objects, where the
Header line follows
a strict format.
The Header always starts with a short text, a Tag, which is a unique identifier for every sequence.
getTag will extract this from the
After the Tag follows one or more tokens. One of these tokens must be a string with the following format:
where <...> is some proper text. Here is an example of a proper string:
getGenus extract the
corresponding information from the
combines all taxonomy extractors, combines these in a data.frame
and imputes missing taxa with parent taxa.
A vector containing the sub-texts extracted from each
1 2 3 4


text:
Google Toolbar allows spoofing the information presented in the dialog which is being displayed when adding a new Google Toolbar button. This can allow an attacker to convince the users that his button comes from a trusted domain. This button can then be used to download malicious files or conduct phishing attacks (e.g. show a login form of a bank).
- Google Toolbar 5 beta for Internet Explorer
- Google Toolbar 4 for Internet Explorer
- Google Toolbar 4 for Firefox (partially)
Google Toolbar provides a nice API for creating toolbar buttons. Basically, the button information is stored in an XML file.
In order to add a button, the toolbar user must click on a specially crafted link which refers to the button's XML file. When the user click on the link, a dialog appears with all the following details: The domain where the button is being downloaded from, the name, description and icon of the button and some "privacy considerations", which basically shows the domains which the button interacts with (sends/receive information).
By creating a specially crafted URLs it is possible for an attacker to fake the domains displayed in the "Downloaded from" and "Privacy considerations" sections. This specially crafted URL can be created by simply adding an open redirector (e.g. in google.com - _URL_ before the URL.
An attacker can use this vulnerability to gain the victim's trust to add and use the button, and by that the victim will trust the files that the button offer, or enter private information. In the new beta version of the toolbar it is also possible to alert the user every few seconds to click on the button.
In the Firefox version of Google Toolbar it is only possible to fake the "Privacy considerations" section.
A proof-of-concept which adds a "critical update" button can be found here. Use it at your own risk, though it shouldn't do anything but suggest you to download gupdate.exe from my site, which is basically the windows calculator.
Workaround / Suggestion
Google have acknowledged this and are already working on a fix.
Until a fixed version is provided, I suggest to avoid adding new buttons to the toolbar.


text:
Walk pastures to identify hazards
Walking pastures periodically to identify hazards will reduce risk of injury to your horse.
Summertime is upon us and horses have been turned out to pasture now for a few months. Many horse owners may have experienced a time when a horse comes in from the pasture and you observe some sort of injury (scratch, cut, swollen leg, etc.) to the horse and you are perplexed as to how the horse may have injured itself. It is important to recognize that pastures will change throughout the season and hazards that were not present in the spring may now be present. So, this raises the question, have you walked your pasture lately to identify potential hazards?
Hazards can range from toxic weeds to tree limbs with wilted leaves that have fallen on the fence, to a leaning fence post to even ground hog holes. The following photos illustrate ground hog holes recently discovered in two different horse pastures. If a horse accidentally stepped into a hole such as this, injury could be very serious and possibly fatal.
Michigan State University Extension recommends walking your horse pastures periodically to identify hazards that could injure your horse. As illustrated in the pictures above, some hazards may not be easily seen from a distance. Therefore, it is imperative to be thorough and walk the whole pasture in a zigzag pattern. When making a walkthrough of the pasture, it is a good idea to document where the hazard is located in the pasture if you have to return to remove it. This could be done a variety of different ways but most notably by taking notes or marking it with colored tape or flags.
Did you find this article useful?


text:
Comparison of Case Processing Under the Young Offenders Act and the First Six Months of the Youth Criminal Justice Act
Factors Affecting Custodial Sentences
As already discussed, the YCJA brought changes to the sentencing regime for youth convicted of criminal offences. A major change is the prohibition against the imposition of a custodial sentence – including deferred custody and supervision – unless the young person has committed a violent offence; the young person has failed to comply with non-custodial sentences; the young person has committed a serious indictable offence and has a history that indicates a pattern of offences; or in exceptional cases where the young person has committed an indictable offence, the aggravating circumstances of the offence are such that it would be impossible to impose a sentence other than custody.
Multivariate analysis was used to determine whether the importance of the factors listed in the last paragraph changed in the two time periods.
The following lists the independent variables included in the model. The factors that attempt to operationalize the criteria for custody in the YCJA are italicized.
- demographic characteristics of young persons: being female, age in years, being of Aboriginal background, and having one or more social or psychological problem
- legal factors relating to prior record: one or more past custody sentence; more than one past conviction for breach of probation
- legal factors relating to current case: number of current charges; one more indictable person conviction; one or more hybrid person conviction; one or more hybrid property conviction; one or more probation breach conviction; one or more bail-related conviction
- legal factor relating to prior record and current case: both three or more prior convictions and an indictable current conviction.
This analysis is not a definitive analysis of factors affecting custody sentences. Rather, the primary interest is to determine the extent to which violent offences, past failure to comply with a non-custodial sentence (probation), and a pattern of offending and a serious current conviction affect the use of custody before and after the YCJA. In a similar way, we want to know whether there were changes in the effects of minor but high frequency hybrid property, probation breaches and bail offences.
The differential effects of the key legal factors before and after the YCJA (Table 33) were as follows:
- Under the YOA, the strongest predictor of custody was more numerous current convictions, followed by a current probation breach conviction.
- Under the YCJA, the strongest predictor was the presence of a pattern of offending plus a serious (indictable) current offence.
- After the law, the less serious, hybrid offences against property and the person showed a negative relationship to custody (i.e., having a conviction for these offence groups decreased the probability of custody).
Toronto and Scarborough :
- In the pre-law sample, having a prior custody sentence, more numerous current convictions and an indictable offence against the person were most influential in the DCSO/custody cases.
- The presence of a pattern of offending plus a serious current offence was by far the most influential factor under the YCJA and the sole statistically significant factor associated with the case.
- Having a prior custody sentence was the strongest predictor under the YOA, although also being of Aboriginal origin, more numerous current convictions and having a pattern of offending plus a serious current offence were also statistically associated with custody.
- Having a prior custody sentence, more numerous current charges, having a current hybrid person conviction and having a pattern of offending/serious current offence predicted custody in 2003. Bail convictions were negatively associated with custody, a finding which is consistent with the intent of the new law. Being Aboriginal and having social/psychological problems also increased the likelihood of custody.
- Having a prior custody sentence, more numerous convictions, and a pattern of offending plus a serious current offence predicted custody under the Young Offenders Act.
- Under the YCJA, a past custody sentence was most influential followed by having a current conviction for breach of probation, a conviction for an indictable offence against the person, and a pattern of offending plus an indictable current conviction.
Vancouver and Surrey :
- More numerous current charges and prior custody were the main significant factors before the law whereas after the Act, having a pattern of offending/serious current offence was the strongest predictor by far. Also significant post-law was being of Aboriginal background, but this finding may not reflect systemic discrimination as much as an indication that there are other factors affecting custody that were not included in the model.
Thus, the changes in the factors appearing to influence Halifax, Toronto/Scarborough and Vancouver/Surrey custody sentences are in keeping with the Youth Criminal Justice Act. The case characteristics predicting custody in Winnipeg and Edmonton were somewhat less consistent with the principles of the Act, although in both time periods in both cities having a pattern of offending and an indictable current offence was statistically associated with custody.
In the sample as a whole, the following changes over time that were consistent with the principles of the YCJA were observed:
- Having a pattern of offending and also serious current offence, as operationalized, was only a weak predictor of custody under the YOA but one of the two strongest predictors in the first six months after proclamation of the YCJA.
- A significant negative relationship between a current conviction for a violation of bail and custody was found under the YCJA but not under the YOA.
- Having a current probation breach conviction increased the likelihood of custody before but not after the new legislation came into effect.
- Serious violent charges – defined as indictable person offences – predicted custody in both periods.
- Having social/psychological problems increased custody usage before but not after the legislation.
The finding that older youth were treated more severely by the court under the YCJA may or may not be consistent with the new legislation depending on one's perspective. This group is usually regarded as more accountable for their actions than younger persons, age can be considered both a "social" and a "legal" factor.
 This last variable was defined in the section that presented the multivariate findings for the factors affecting whether the case involved a finding of guilt.
 Having a past custody sentence could be assumed to be consistent with the YCJA since it is one way of operationalizing a pattern of offending.
- Date modified:


Baltic Exchange
Dictionary Says
Definition of 'Baltic Exchange'
An exchange that handles the trading and settlement of both physical contracts and derivatives relating to shipping and maritime transportation. The Baltic Exchange provides daily prices for freight, and tracks shipping costs through several indexes. Traders use these indexes to settle forward freight agreements (FFAs), which are freight futures contracts.
Investopedia Says
Investopedia explains 'Baltic Exchange'
The Baltic Exchange was founded in 1744 in London. It publishes the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), which provides pricing information on shipping various cargo types along different routes. The index is used by economists and investors to determine the demand for shipping versus the total shipping capacity.
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 6. Timing Trades With The Commodity Channel Index
 7. Top ETFs And What They Track: A Tutorial
 8. The Austrian School Of Economics
 9. What The Market Open Tells You
 10. A Study On The Wealth Effect And The Economy
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Hot Definitions
 1. Backdating
 2. Abnormal Spoilage
 3. "Just Say No" Defense
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equations in HTML
Paul Topping (_EMAIL_)
Mon, 12 Sep 94 12:13 PDT
Message-Id:
Date: Mon, 12 Sep 94 12:13 PDT
To: www-html@_URL_
From: _EMAIL_ (Paul Topping)
Subject: equations in HTML
In what I think is the latest HTML 2.0 specification, support for math has
evidently been dropped due to lack of consensus on how math should be
represented. Instead, HTML creators will have to use an Image Element. This
will be some kind of bitmap. Unfortunately, the tag does not give
sufficient alignment control to adequately do the job.
Equations, especially those that are likely to be placed in-line (as
opposed to those in their own paragraph), have a natural baseline. For
 | b - c |
 Here is an equation:|a + -------|.
 | 2 |
In this equation, the baseline of "a" should align with the surrounding
text. Unfortunately, the tag allows only top, middle, or bottom
alignment. What is needed is to be able to specify a distance from the
bottom edge of the image to the internal baseline.
I believe the utility of this kind of alignment is not limited to math,
chemical equations have similar requirements. In fact, any text-based
notation will generally benefit from such an alignment feature.
We at Design Science have some experience with this. We market MathType, a
point-and-click mathematical equation editor that currently runs on the
Macintosh and under MS Windows. On both platforms, MathType embeds baseline
position information in equations written using the os's native picture
format so that importing applications can handle baseline adjustment
automatically. Many document-centric applications on both platforms DO
handle this just fine (e.g. Aldus PageMaker, Microsoft Word,...).
I think what I'm proposing would involve adding an alignment attribute to
the IMG construct that would specify an offset (in some suitable distance
units) from the bottom of the image to the baseline within the image. I
know that adding distance values to HTML is generally to be avoided
(express structure, not specific formatting). However, this baseline offset
is really part of the image data itself. As images will normally contain
dimensions (pixels-per-inch, default height and width, etc.), this would
not be out of line.
By the way, we at Design Science are very much interested in the use of our
product in a World Wide Web and/or HTML environment, both for equations
stored as images and those stored in some future HTML markup, should such a
thing ever become a reality. If anybody out there has tried this or is
interested in discussing this, let me know.
Paul R. Topping
Design Science, Inc.
internet: _EMAIL_
voice: _PHONE_
fax: _PHONE_


Python for Reverse Engineering
Building your own disassembly tooling for — that's right — fun and profit
While solving complex reversing challenges, we often use established tools like radare2 or IDA for disassembling and debugging. But there are times when you need to dig in a little deeper and understand how things work under the hood.
Rolling your own disassembly scripts can be immensely helpful when it comes to automating certain processes, and eventually build your own homebrew reversing toolchain of sorts. At least, that's what I'm attempting anyway.
Setup
As the title suggests, you're going to need a Python 3 interpreter before anything else. Once you've confirmed beyond reasonable doubt that you do, in fact, have a Python 3 interpreter installed on your system, run
$ pip install capstone pyelftools
where capstone is the disassembly engine we'll be scripting with and pyelftools to help parse ELF files.
With that out of the way, let's start with an example of a basic reversing challenge.
/* chall.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
 char *pw = malloc(9);
 pw[0] = 'a';
 for(int i = 1; i <= 8; i++){
 pw[i] = pw[i - 1] + 1;
 }
 pw[9] = '\0';
 char *in = malloc(10);
 printf("password: ");
 fgets(in, 10, stdin); // 'abcdefghi'
 if(strcmp(in, pw) == 0) {
 printf("haha yes!\n");
 }
 else {
 printf("nah dude\n");
 }
}
Compile it with GCC/Clang:
$ gcc chall.c -o chall.elf
Scripting
For starters, let's look at the different sections present in the binary.
# sections.py
from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
with open('./chall.elf', 'rb') as f:
 e = ELFFile(f)
 for section in e.iter_sections():
 print(hex(section['sh_addr']), section.name)
This script iterates through all the sections and also shows us where it's loaded. This will be pretty useful later. Running it gives us
› python sections.py
0x238 .interp
0x254 .note.ABI-tag
0x274 .note.gnu.build-id
0x298 .gnu.hash
0x2c0 .dynsym
0x3e0 .dynstr
0x484 .gnu.version
0x4a0 .gnu.version_r
0x4c0 .rela.dyn
0x598 .rela.plt
0x610 .init
0x630 .plt
0x690 .plt.got
0x6a0 .text
0x8f4 .fini
0x900 .rodata
0x924 .eh_frame_hdr
0x960 .eh_frame
0x200d98 .init_array
0x200da0 .fini_array
0x200da8 .dynamic
0x200f98 .got
0x201000 .data
0x201010 .bss
0x0 .comment
0x0 .symtab
0x0 .strtab
0x0 .shstrtab
Most of these aren't relevant to us, but a few sections here are to be noted. The .text section contains the instructions (opcodes) that we're after. The .data section should have strings and constants initialized at compile time. Finally, the .plt which is the Procedure Linkage Table and the .got, the Global Offset Table. If you're unsure about what these mean, read up on the ELF format and its internals.
Since we know that the .text section has the opcodes, let's disassemble the binary starting at that address.
# disas1.py
from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
from capstone import *
with open('./bin.elf', 'rb') as f:
 elf = ELFFile(f)
 code = elf.get_section_by_name('.text')
 ops = code.data()
 addr = code['sh_addr']
 md = Cs(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64)
 for i in md.disasm(ops, addr):
 print(f'0x{i.address:x}:\t{i.mnemonic}\t{i.op_str}')
The code is fairly straightforward (I think). We should be seeing this, on running
› python disas1.py | less
0x6a0: xor ebp, ebp
0x6a2: mov r9, rdx
0x6a5: pop rsi
0x6a6: mov rdx, rsp
0x6a9: and rsp, 0xfffffffffffffff0
0x6ad: push rax
0x6ae: push rsp
0x6af: lea r8, [rip + 0x23a]
0x6b6: lea rcx, [rip + 0x1c3]
0x6bd: lea rdi, [rip + 0xe6]
**0x6c4: call qword ptr [rip + 0x200916]**
0x6ca: hlt
... snip ...
The line in bold is fairly interesting to us. The address at [rip + 0x200916] is equivalent to [0x6ca + 0x200916], which in turn evaluates to 0x200fe0. The first call being made to a function at 0x200fe0? What could this function be?
For this, we will have to look at relocations. Quoting linuxbase.org
Relocation is the process of connecting symbolic references with symbolic definitions. For example, when a program calls a function, the associated call instruction must transfer control to the proper destination address at execution. Relocatable files must have "relocation entries'' which are necessary because they contain information that describes how to modify their section contents, thus allowing executable and shared object files to hold the right information for a process's program image.
To try and find these relocation entries, we write a third script.
# relocations.py
import sys
from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
from elftools.elf.relocation import RelocationSection
with open('./chall.elf', 'rb') as f:
 e = ELFFile(f)
 for section in e.iter_sections():
 if isinstance(section, RelocationSection):
 print(f'{section.name}:')
 symbol_table = e.get_section(section['sh_link'])
 for relocation in section.iter_relocations():
 symbol = symbol_table.get_symbol(relocation['r_info_sym'])
 addr = hex(relocation['r_offset'])
 print(f'{symbol.name} {addr}')
Let's run through this code real quick. We first loop through the sections, and check if it's of the type RelocationSection. We then iterate through the relocations from the symbol table for each section. Finally, running this gives us
› python relocations.py
.rela.dyn:
 0x200d98
 0x200da0
 0x201008
_ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable 0x200fd8
**__libc_start_main 0x200fe0**
__gmon_start__ 0x200fe8
_ITM_registerTMCloneTable 0x200ff0
__cxa_finalize 0x200ff8
stdin 0x201010
.rela.plt:
puts 0x200fb0
printf 0x200fb8
fgets 0x200fc0
strcmp 0x200fc8
malloc 0x200fd0
Remember the function call at 0x200fe0 from earlier? Yep, so that was a call to the well known __libc_start_main. Again, according to linuxbase.org
The __libc_start_main() function shall perform any necessary initialization of the execution environment, call the main function with appropriate arguments, and handle the return from main(). If the main() function returns, the return value shall be passed to the exit() function.
And its definition is like so
int __libc_start_main(


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Water Refilling Stations in the Philippines
In the Philippines, bottled water has established a major foothold. In some places, piped-water systems are lacking; in others, people are uncertain about biological contaminants, disinfection by-products from the chlorination process, taste, and odor.
Even in the capital Manila, only about three fourths of the population receives piped water from the municipal authority. Outside Manila far fewer people have access to clean water distribution. In both locations, these families must find alternate water sources if they are to avoid cholera epidemics and other health problems spawned by the foul, contaminated water available in their neighborhoods.
A solution has appeared in the thousands of water refilling stations that now dot the Philippine landscape. These shops began as privately-run community sources, where consumers would bring containers and fill them for a per-gallon fee that is a small fraction of commercially bottled water's cost. Demand is such that most stores now offer home delivery for regular customers.
Other shops are likely supplied by unauthorized or illegal deep well diggings. A proliferation of these private sources could have detrimental effects on groundwater reserves and subject them to contamination.
The government has accepted private water shops as a necessary weapon in the fight against waterborne disease and regulates their quality control practices and final product as much as possible. However, given the large number of shops, it is difficult to adequately monitor the entire industry.
Though many in the Philippines benefit from the availability of water shops, the system does not address the long-term water delivery and sanitation infrastructure improvements necessary to provide reliable water to all.
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text:
- z) * F(x, y, z) + (z) * F(x, y, z - t) ) / (t)Now each function call takes twice as long to calculate, but since you're probably not going to use this cycling technique in real time, it probably doesn't matter.
Consider the graph of a noise function F(x, y, z) for some fixed x and y. The problem is, you want F(0) = F(t) and there is no guarantee that will be the case with any old x, y, and t. Actually, since any given x and y should have no influence on the repeating aspect of the animation, we can for all practical purposes throw them out while we're developing our repeating function, and consider the simplified case of a one-dimensional noise function F(z).
We need to take this function and change it into one where it is guaranteed that F(0) = F(t). Here's an expanded view of our noise function showing its behavior from -t to t:
Now we define a new function F'(z) that behaves like F(z) when z is near zero, but behaves like F(z - t) when z is near t. If you think about it, you see that F'(0) = F(0), and that F'(t) = F(t - t) = F(0). We can do this with a simple linear interpolation by considering a linear function which is equal to F(z) at 0, and equal to F(z - t) at t.
High school algebra tells us that this linear function has a slope of
(rise) / (run) = (F(z - t) - F(z)) / (t - 0) = (F(z - t) - F(z)) / tand an intercept of F(z). Now we set up F' as this linear interpolation operating on z:
F'(z) = slope(z) + interceptWhich is basically the same as the function given above. If you look at F' next to F, you can see that the function does indeed repeat in that F'(0) = F'(t). Also notice that the peaks just to the right of F'(0) are the same as the peaks just to the right of F'(0), and that the peaks just to the left of F'(t) are virtually identical to the peaks just to the left of F(0).
= ( (F(z - t) - F(z)) / t )(z) + F(z)
= ( ( (z) * F(z - t) - (z) * F(z) ) / t ) + F(z)
= ( ( (z) * F(z - t) - (z) * F(z) ) / t ) + (t / t) * F(z)
= ( (z) * F(z - t) - (z) * F(z) + (t) * F(z)) / (t)
= ( (z) * F(z - t) + (t-z) * F(z) ) / (t)
= ( (t-z) * F(z) + (z) * F(z - t) ) / (t)
If you had a little calculus and too much free time, you could prove that this looping (and the tiling in the next section) is truly seamless: not only does F(0) = F'(t), but all their derivatives should match up as well. Which means that no one should be able to tell where the repeat actually happens.
Ftileable(x, y) = (A pattern should be emerging here, so it shouldn't surprise you that you'll need evaluate a weighted sum of 8 calls to the noise function if you want to have a repeating animation that tiles in the x and y dimenstions. I'm not going to write it out here out of space considerations, and also because it should be evident what the sum will be.
F(x, y) * (w - x) * (h - y) +
F(x - w, y) * (x) * (h - y) +
F(x - w, y - h) * (x) * (y) +
F(x, y - h) * (w - x) * (y)
) / (wh)


Children of the Sun
by Julie, Poet
Julie is a poet from Ardwick, Manchester who uses poetry to make sense of what she is thinking. She writes sporadically in her poetry book.
We asked Julie to answer a few questions about writing poetry
Can you talk about what inspired you to write this poem?
This poem was written in the 70s, it was inspired by the TV programme Roots. You didn't get much about the slave trade on British television and not in a way that put the white people in the wrong.
This poem is not just about black and white, it's about all forms of slavery. In the days of slavery, in Britain all the people in the cotton mills, and those working in other people's houses were paid a pittance. I am not saying that they were slaves but they did not have free choice.


text:
Research project: Tunnels for the citizen Sub project H: Technical installations. Particle Cleaning in Norwegian Road Tunnels
Norway's road network has become more and more dependent on tunnels. The challenge of planning and construction of road tunnels in urban areas implies an environmentally friendly approach. Particle cleaning of the air in long and heavily trafficked tunnels in densely populated areas have been used in Norway for more than ten years. It has been seen as a possible measure, both for improving the visibility in the tunnels and for reducing the disharge to the air, both inside and outside the tunnels. Three different types of layout system for particle cleaning equipment have been used in Norway. This paper discuss the experience and status for the particle cleaning technology since the opening of the sub-sea "Oslo Tunnel" in 1989. In general, there is no principal difference between the use of a particle cleaning system in ordinary or subsea road tunnels.
Transport og kommunikasjon


Page last updated at 18:47 GMT, Thursday, 4 September 2008 19:47 UK
Bumblebees outwit robotic spiders
By Elizabeth Mitchell
Science reporter, BBC News
Bumblebee and robotic crab spider
Bumblebee vs Robotic Crab Spider
Scientists have found that bumblebees learn from their "near-death" encounters with crab spiders and adapt their future foraging strategies.
They watched real bees in an artificial meadow - containing yellow "flowers" and robotic crab spiders.
Bees that had been "captured" spent longer inspecting flowers during subsequent foraging trips.
They may outwit the spiders - but at the expense of valuable foraging time, Current Biology reports.
Crab spiders lie in wait on flowers, ready to ambush their "most prized prey" - the bumblebee.
This cryptic predator has an amazing ability to change its colour to closely match the flower it is lurking on.
Scientists wanted to know if bumblebees adapt their foraging behaviour after encountering a crab spider.
Artificial meadow
This looped video shows how the robotic spiders capture the bees
Dr Thomas Ings and Professor Lars Chittka from the Queen Mary University in London created a "meadow" with artificial yellow flowers.
"The bees behave very much as they do in nature: they go from one flower to the other as they empty it of food," Dr Ings told BBC News.
"Dangerous" flowers harboured life-sized, robotic crab spiders with two remote-controlled, foam pincers.
"We thought it would be more difficult for the bees to learn to avoid camouflaged spiders," explained Dr Ings.
"However, the bees learned to avoid both types of spider equally well - and very quickly," he said.
A 3D video tracking system revealed that although the bees became very accurate at detecting the camouflaged spiders - they also became increasingly wary.
"When they come in to inspect flowers, they spend a little bit longer hovering in front of them when they know a camouflaged spider is present," said Dr Ings.
Bumblebe and crab spider
"Cautious" bumblebees spend longer inspecting flowers
With this "trade-off", the bees may lose valuable foraging time - but they reduce the risk of becoming the crab spider's next meal.
Their memory does not fade: the next day the bees rejected all yellow flowers - even those without spiders.
These "false alarms" may have a knock-on effect on pollination - bees may ignore a whole patch of flowers if they know it contains a high number of camouflaged spiders.
The bees that detected the highly visible (white) spiders did not change their flight behaviour.
It is unclear why the crab spider uses so much energy to change colour - especially when this strategy seems to make their prey more cautious.
"It might be that camouflage reduces the chances of the crab spiders being eaten by their own predators," suggested Dr Ings.
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text:
What is the difference between UCC SSL certificates and Unlimited Wildcard Sub Domains SSL certificates?
UCC SSLs and Wildcard SSLs serve different purposes when securing website addresses.
UCC SSLs secure a limited (5,10,15, etc.) amount of specific domain names. These do not necessary need to be sub domains. For example, you may secure domain1.com, domain1.net, domain2.com and shop.domain2.com.
A Wildcard SSL only secures subdomains of the given domain name, but can secure an unlimited number of subdomains. For example, a Wildcard SSL would secure domain1.com, shop.domainX.com, email.domainX.com as well as any other subdomain of *.domainX.com, but could not secure domainY.com.
So a UCC may be a lot better deal if you need to secure multiple different domains. A wildcard SSL may be the best choice to secure multiple sub domains on the same root domain name.
Unified Communications Certificates (UCC) are SSL Certificates that secure multiple domains and multiple hostnames within a domain. They allow you to secure a primary domain, and up to 99 additional Subject Alternative Names, in a single certificate. UC Certificates are ideal for Microsoft® Exchange Server 2007, Exchange Server 2010, and Microsoft Live® Communications Server.
A Wildcard SSL certificate secures your website URL, and an unlimited number of its subdomains. A single Wildcard certificate can secure both _URL_, and blog.coolexample.com.
Wildcard certificates secure all of the subdomains at the level you specify when you submit your request. Just add an asterisk (*) in the subdomain area of the common name where you want to specify the wildcard. For example:
If you configure *.yourdomainname.com, you can secure
If you configure *.www.yourdomainname.com, you can secure
Wildcard certificates secure websites the same as a regular SSL certificate, and requests are processed using the same validation methods. However, some Web servers might require a unique IP address for each subdomain on the Wildcard certificate.


Elixir Advanced Features
Deploy Tracking
Scout can track deploys, making it easier to correlate changes in your app to performance. To enable deploy tracking, first ensure you are on the latest version of scout_apm. See our upgrade instructions.
Scout identifies deploys via the following:
 1. A revision_sha config setting.
 2. A SCOUT_REVISION_SHA environment variable equal to the SHA of your latest release.
 3. If you are using Heroku, enable Dyno Metadata. This adds a HEROKU_SLUG_COMMIT environment variable to your dynos, which Scout then associates with deploys.
Request Queuing
Our Elixir integration can measure the time it takes a request to reach your application from farther upstream (a load balancer or web server). This appears in Scout as "Request Queueing" and provides an indication of your application's capacity. Large request queueing time is an indication that your app needs more capacity.
Please view request queueing section to learn how to get these insights.
Note: For Elixir, we currently only support the following two headers: x-queue-start and x-request-start, and we don't support msec – or decimal millisecond. Example of valid header: x-request-start: "1234567890123"
Custom Context
Context lets you see the forest from the trees. For example, you can add custom context to answer critical questions like:
User Context
For context used to identify users (ex: id):
ScoutApm.add_user(key, value)
Examples:
ScoutApm.Context.add_user(:id, user.id)
General Context
ScoutApm.Context.add(key, value)
Examples:
ScoutApm.Context.add(:account, account.id)
ScoutApm.Context.add(:monthly_spend, account.monthly_spend)
Default Context
Scout reports the Request URI and the user's remote IP Address by default.
Context Value Types Context values can be any of the following types:
Context Key Restrictions
Context keys can be an Atom or String with only printable characters. Custom context keys may contain alphanumeric characters, dashes, and underscores. Spaces are not allowed. Attempts to add invalid context will be ignored.
PII
To best help protect you data, we suggest using ids instead of explicit names and emails
Custom Instrumentation
You can extend Scout to record additional types of transactions (background jobs, for example) and time the execution of code that fall outside our auto instrumentation.
For full details on instrumentation functions, see our ScoutApm. Tracing Hex docs.
Transactions & Timing
Scout's instrumentation is divided into 2 areas:
1. Transactions: these wrap around a flow of work, like a web request or a GenServer call. The UI groups data under transactions. Use the deftransaction/2 macro or wrap blocks of code with the transaction/4 macro.
2. Timing: these measure individual pieces of work, like an HTTP request to an outside service or an Ecto query, and displays timing information within a transaction trace. Use the deftiming/2 macro or the timing/4 macro.
Instrumenting transactions
deftransaction Macro Example
Replace your function def with deftransaction to instrument it.
You can override the name and type by setting the @transaction_opts attribute right before the function.
defmodule YourApp.Web.RoomChannel do
use Phoenix.Channel import ScoutApm.Tracing
# Will appear under "Web" in the UI, named "YourApp.Web.RoomChannel.join".
@transaction_opts [type: "web"]
deftransaction join("topic:html", _message, socket) do
 {:ok, socket}
end
# Will appear under "Background Jobs" in the UI, named "RoomChannel.ping".
@transaction_opts [type: "background", name: "RoomChannel.ping"]
deftransaction handle_in("ping", %{"body" => body}, socket) do
 broadcast! socket, "new_msg", %{body: body} {:noreply, socket}
end
transaction/4 Example
Wrap the block of code you'd like to instrument with transaction/4:
import ScoutApm.Tracking def
 do_async_work do Task.start(fn ->
 # Will appear under "Background Jobs" in the UI, named "Do Work".
 transaction(:background, "Do Work") do
 # Do work...
 end
 end)
end
See the ScoutApm.Tracing Hexdocs for details on instrumenting transactions.
Timing functions and blocks of code
deftiming Macro Example
Replace your function def with deftiming to instrument it. You can override the name and category by setting the @timing_opts attribute right before the function.
defmodule Searcher do
 import ScoutApm.Tracing
 # Time associated with this function will appear under "Hound" in timeseries charts.
 # The function will appear as 'Hound/open_search' in transaction traces.
 @timing_opts [category: "Hound"] deftiming open_search(url) do
 navigate_to(url)
 end
 # Time associated with this function will appear under "Hound" in timeseries charts.
 # The function will appear as 'Hound/homepage' in transaction traces.
 @timing_opts [category: "Hound", name: "homepage"]
 deftiming open_homepage(url) do
 navigate_to(url)
end
timing/4 Example
Wrap the block of code you'd like to instrument with timing/4:
defmodule PhoenixApp.PageController do
use PhoenixApp.Web, :controller import ScoutApm.Tracing
def index(conn, _params) do
 timing("Timer", "sleep") do
 :timer.sleep(3000)
 end
 render conn, "index.html"
end
See the ScoutApm.Tracing Hexdocs for details on timing functions and blocks of code. #### Limits on category arity We limit the number of unique categories that can be instrumented. Tracking too many unique category can impact the performance of our UI. Do not dynamically generate categories in your instrumentation (ie timing("user_#{user.id}", "generate", do: do_work()) as this can quickly exceed our rate limits.
Adding a description
Call ScoutApm.Tracing.update_desc/1 to add relevant information to the instrumented item. This description is then viewable in traces. An example:
timing("HTTP", "GitHub_Avatar") do
 url = "_URL_
 update_desc("GET #{url}")
 HTTPoison.get(url)
end
Tracking
Already executed time Libraries like Ecto log details on executed queries. This includes timing information. To add a trace item for this, use ScoutApm.Tracing.track. An example:
defmodule YourApp.Mongo.Repo do
 use Ecto.Repo # Scout instrumentation of Mongo queries. These appear in traces as "Ecto/Read", "Ecto/Write", etc.
 def log(entry) do
 ScoutApm.Tracing.track( "Ecto", query_name(entry), entry.query_time, :microseconds )
 super entry
 end
end
In the example above, the metric will appear in traces as Ecto/#{query_time(entry)}. On timeseries charts, the time will be allocated to Ecto. See the scout_apm hex docs for more information on track/.
Server Timing
View performance metrics (time spent in Controller, Ecto, etc) for each of your app's requests in Chrome's Developer tools with the plug_server_timing package. Production-safe.
server timing
For install instructions and configuration options, see plug_server_timing on GitHub.
ARM Support
ARM and graviton Support
We now have support for ARM and graviton.


Some digging shows that both family trees have similar roots
The geographical history of Europe often blows my mind. Areas, regions and even entire countries are seemingly juggled between various governments, with borders being drawn and redrawn at will. Both sides of my family have been impacted by the geographical history of the land which is now known as Latvia.
Read More


- reflective coating with a second type of chemical dopant different than the first type of chemical dopant, wherein the second type of chemical dopant defines a greater volume within the anti-reflective coating than the first type of chemical dopant further strengthening the anti-reflective coating.
21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
annealing the anti-reflective coating prior to replacing at least the portion of the first type of chemical dopant within the anti-reflective coating with a second type of chemical dopant, wherein the annealing repairs damage caused by entry of the first type of chemical dopant into the anti-reflective coating.
22. The method as in any one of claims 20 and 21, wherein the annealing assists bonding of the first type of chemical dopant to the anti-reflective coating.
23. The method as in any one of claims 20 and 21, further comprising:
annealing the anti-reflective coating after replacing at least the portion of the first type of chemical dopant within the anti-reflective coating with a second type of chemical dopant, wherein the annealing repairs damage caused by entry of the second type of chemical dopant into the anti-reflective coating.
24. The method as in any one of claims 20 and 21, wherein the first type of chemical dopant includes sodium and the second type of chemical dopant includes potassium.
25. The method as in any one of claims 20 and 21, wherein depositing a first type of chemical dopant into the anti-reflective coating comprises:
exposing the anti-reflective coating to a fluid containing the first type of chemical dopant.
26. The method as in any one of claims 20 and 21, wherein depositing a first type of chemical dopant into the anti-reflective coating comprises:
enriching at least a portion of a substrate with the first type of chemical dopant, the substrate including a surface, wherein the enriched portion includes the surface; and
depositing the anti-reflective coating on the surface of the substrate such that the first type of chemical dopant diffuses into the anti-reflective coating.
27. The method as in any one of claims 20 and 21, wherein replacing at least the portion of the first type of chemical dopant within the anti-reflective coating with a second type of chemical dopant:
exposing the anti-reflective coating having the first type of chemical dopant deposited therein to a fluid containing the second type of chemical dopant.
28. The method as in any one of claims 20 and 21, further comprising:
depositing the anti-reflective coating onto a substrate.
29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
strengthening the substrate by incorporating at least one of the first type of chemical dopant and the second type of chemical dopant into the substrate.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the substrate is strengthening prior to depositing the anti-reflective coating onto a substrate.
31. The method of claim 29, wherein the substrate is strengthening after depositing the anti-reflective coating onto a substrate.
32. The method of claim 29, wherein strengthening the substrate comprises: depositing the first type of chemical dopant into the substrate; and replacing at least a portion of the first type of chemical dopant within the substrate with the second type of chemical dopant.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the second type of chemical dopant defines a greater volume within the substrate than the first type of chemical dopant.
34. The method of claim 32, wherein replacing at least the portion of the first type of chemical dopant within the substrate with the second type of chemical dopant increases a compressive stress within the substrate.
35. The method of as in any one of claims 20 and 21, wherein the anti-reflective coating is applied to a display screen of an electronic device.
36. The method as in any one of claims 20 and 21, wherein the anti-reflective coating includes a plurality of layers, wherein the first type of chemical dopant and the second type of chemical dopant enter into at least one of the plurality of layers.
37. An electronic device, comprising:
a display configured to output a graphical image; and
a protective assembly covering the display, the protective assembly comprising:
a substrate; and
a film coupled to the substrate,
wherein the film comprises a chemical dopant that increases a compressive stress of the film causing the film to be strengthened and preventing cracking of the film.
38. The electronic device of claim 37, wherein the film comprises an anti- reflective coating that is substantially transparent to visible light and configured to reduce optical reflection of light incident a surface of the anti-reflective coating.
39. The electronic device as in any one of claims 37 and 38, wherein the chemical dopant includes at least one of sodium and potassium.
40. The electronic device as in any one of claims 37 and 38, wherein the substrate comprises the chemical dopant strengthening the substrate.
41. The electronic device of claim 40, wherein the chemical dopant includes at least one of sodium and potassium.
42. The electronic device as in any one of claims 37 and 38, wherein the chemical dopant is a first type of chemical dopant, wherein the substrate comprises a second type of chemical dopant different than the first type of chemical dopant.
43. The electronic device of claim 42, wherein the second type of chemical dopant includes at least one of sodium and potassium.
44. The electronic device as in any one of claims 37 and 38, wherein the substrate comprises silicon dioxide.
45. The electronic device of claim 44, wherein the substrate further comprises at least one of aluminum, magnesium and sodium.
46. A display assembly, comprising:
a display configured to output an image to a user;
a substrate layer configured to protect the display, the substrate layer being substantially transparent to visible light allowing viewing of the display; and
an anti-reflective coating disposed on and configured to reduce optical reflection of light incident the display assembly, the anti-reflective coating comprising a plurality of dopant species incorporated therein strengthening the anti- reflective coating and preventing cracking of the anti-reflective coating.
47. The display assembly of claim 46, wherein the plurality of dopant species includes at least one of sodium and potassium.
48. The display assembly as in any one of claims 46 and 47, wherein the substrate layer comprises a second plurality of dopant species that strengthens the substrate layer.
49. The display assembly of claim 48, wherein the second plurality of dopant species includes at least one of sodium and potassium.
50. The display assembly as in any one of claims 46 and 47, wherein the dopant species is a first type of dopant species, wherein the substrate layer comprises a second type of dopant species different than the first type of dopant species.
51. The display assembly of claim 42, wherein the second type of dopant species includes at least one of sodium and potassium.
52. The display assembly as in any one of claims 46 and 47, wherein the anti- reflective coating is comprised of at least one of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, titanium oxide, tantalum pentoxide, and tantalum oxide.
53. The display assembly as in any one of claims 46 and 47, wherein the anti- reflective coating includes a plurality of layers, wherein the plurality of dopant species is incorporated into at least one of the plurality of layers.
54. A computer program product comprising at least one computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable program code portions stored therein, the computer-executable program code portions comprising:
program code instructions for depositing a first type of chemical dopant into a anti-reflective coating strengthening the anti-reflective coating, the anti-reflective coating being substantially transparent to visible light and configured to reduce optical reflection of light incident a surface of the anti-reflective coating; and
program code instructions for replacing at least a portion of the first type of chemical dopant within the anti-reflective coating with a second type of chemical dopant different than the first type of chemical dopant, wherein the second type of chemical dopant defines a greater volume within the anti-reflective coating than the first type of chemical dopant further strengthening the anti-reflective coating.
55. The computer program product of claim 54, wherein the first type of chemical dopant includes sodium and the second type of chemical dopant includes potassium.
56. The computer program product as in any one of claims 54 and 55, further comprising program code instructions for coupling the anti-reflective coating to a substrate.
57. The computer program product of claim 56, further comprising program code instructions for strengthening the substrate.
58. The computer program product of claim 57, wherein the program code instructions for strengthening the substrate comprise program code instructions for strengthening the substrate substantially simultaneously with replacing at least the portion of the first type of chemical dopant within the anti-reflective coating with the second type of chemical dopant.
59. The computer program product of claim 57, wherein the program code instructions for strengthening the substrate comprise program code instructions for strengthening the substrate after replacing at least the portion of the first type of chemical dopant within the anti-reflective coating with the second type of chemical dopant.
60. The computer program product as in any one of claims 54 and 55, further comprising program code instructions for annealing the anti-reflective coating prior to replacing at least the portion of the first type of chemical dopant within the anti- reflective coating with the second type of chemical dopant.
PCT/US2014/_PHONE_-25 2014-


I would like to know what type of machine learning to use for recognizing events in a set of data. (or at least be pointed in the right direction so I can do my own research on the topic.)
I'm trying to identify M&M color using an RGB sensor. Here is an example of some data I collected. I want to train a neural network by saying "this is what it looks like when a blue M&M passes by the sensor... And a yellow..." So it then can tell me when and what color M&M has passed by.
My type of problem is similar to this. In this case, they record accelerometer data and use it to identify the exercise someone was doing.
How can you teach an ANN to do this? And how do you teach it what an "event" looks like?
** P.S. I'm new to this forum so any modifications to my question to make it more relevant and understandable are welcome.
You will need your data to look something like this:
Blue Red Green Label
20 12 13 _
18 11 13 _
18 12 13 _
19 13 14 _
24 12 13 _
28 14 19 B
30 19 21 B
29 18 20 B
25 14 16 B
21 12 13 _
19 11 12 _
18 11 12 _
That is, every point in the data will need to be annotated with a label: _ for nothing, B for blue, Y for yellow.
A sequence labeling model can be trained to predict the label for each point in the input sequence. Note that it's common to use a "Begin Inside Outside" (BIO) scheme to help the model understand when an "event" starts and ends:
Blue Red Green Label
20 12 13 Outside
18 11 13 Outside
18 12 13 Outside
19 13 14 Outside
24 12 13 Outside
28 14 19 B_Begin
30 19 21 B_Inside
29 18 20 B_Inside
25 14 16 B_Inside
21 12 13 Outside
19 11 12 Outside
18 11 12 Outside
(there are also variants of this scheme)
As far as I know Conditional Random Fields would be the traditional approach for this kind of task, but there might more recent NN approaches that I'm not aware of.
Your Answer


text:
More Water Being Released from Folsom Dam
In an effort to keep salt water from entering the Delta, Nimbus and Folsom Dam are releasing an extra 2,000 cubic feet of water per second from each of the dams. In order to keep fresh water fish alive in the delta, water is needed to flow from the mountains, or else salt water creeps in to the delta. Dry weather in recent weeks have kept the water flow minimal. Folsom Dam is currently releasing 5,500 cubic feet of water per second.
Also See: Folsom Dam Official Page / Folsom Lake Webcams & Links


text:
This miner's hat is rock hard. It was found in a mine in Tasmania where it had been covered with water for more than 50 years.
Over that time the chemicals in the water precipitated within the open structure of the felt material of the soft hat, thus turning the soft hat into stone by a process called calcification, which means that solid calcium carbonate has impregnated the original felt material of the hat.
The hat is now on display in a mining museum on Tasmania's west coast.
This quick-forming'stone' hat adds weight to the claims that creation scientists are correct when they say that thousands or millions of years are not needed to form rocks and fossilize animals and plants.


Container Wind Tipping Risk Calculator
ULD and Wind Speed
Airports are often windy places, many are located near to the sea and are exposed to strong winds. Containers being blown around is not unusual, indeed all too often it is taken for granted. ULD are all too often inadequately restrained against high winds of jet blast and end up in unsuitable places, often with significant damage to the ULD and sometimes to other equipment and even aircraft.
The correct approach to preventing such occurrences is to properly secure ULD in suitable racking, and not just leave them around the ramp or other areas where ULD are found.
ULD blowing off cargo loaders
One area where restraining a container against high winds is while its on the cargo loader. The design of a cargo loader platform is such that there is no kind of vertical restraint to the container while its on the loader, and while the container is on the loader it is vulnerable to high wind speeds. Go back 40 years to the early days of wide body operations, ULD were a great deal heavier and the risk of them being blown off the loader was far far less.
Indeed the aircraft has limits on wind speeds above which the cargo doors may not be open, going back to the 70's when an AKE weighed maybe 120 Kg it would have required 42 Knots of wind speed to tip it over, a wind speed that is higher than the limits on some aircraft. Today however the picture is totally different, as a 55 Kg AKE will tip over at 29 Knots… which is described on the Beaufort Scale of wind speeds as a strong breeze, in which an umbrella may only be used with difficulty!
Basis for calculating when a ULD will tip under wind conditions
Fortunately the basis for calculating the effect of wind speed on a ULD can be derived from International Standard Organisation (ISO) standard 11995 " Aircraft- Stability Requirements for Loading and Servicing Equipment. Although this standard does not refer to ULD as its focus is on items like catering trucks it does nevertheless provide the basis for doing the calculations necessary to determine when the wind speed is sufficient to cause a container to tip.
The ULD CARE wind speed limit calculator allows the user to select the ULD type from a drop down list that covers most container types, put in a tare weight and the wind speed at which the ULD will tip is calculated.
It is possible that a container might tip at a lower wind speed, in case of particular wind turbulence around the container, so the formula should be used with caution but as a guideline for determining the wind speed at which the loading and unloading of empty containers to the aircraft its a pretty reliable method.
Container Wind Tipping Risk Calculator
 1. Use the whole table or select a ULD type.
 2. Input tare weight (kg) for each ULD type.
 3. Get the wind speed values at which the container will start to tip*.
*Note that it is possible that a container might tip at a lower wind speed, in case of particular wind turbulence around the container, so the formula should be used with caution but as a guideline for determining the wind speed at which the loading and unloading of empty containers to the aircraft its a pretty reliable method.