text:
Apple has swiftly addressed a security vulnerability in its recently launched mixed reality headset, the Vision Pro, by releasing visionOS 1.0.2. This update focuses on fixing a vulnerability in WebKit, the browser engine that powers Safari and other web applications. The identified bug, officially tracked as CVE-2024-23222, could potentially enable malicious code to execute on affected devices. Apple had previously addressed this vulnerability in iOS 17.3 for iPhones, iPads, Macs, and Apple TV, highlighting the widespread nature of the issue across its product ecosystem. However, it's worth noting that no patches were provided for the Apple Watch.
While the security patch was released promptly, there is no immediate clarity on whether the vulnerability was actively exploited, specifically targeting the Vision Pro headset. Apple has not disclosed information about potential malicious activity or the identity of those exploiting the vulnerability. WebKit vulnerabilities are often targeted by malicious actors, such as spyware developers, seeking to exploit weaknesses to gain access to the device's operating system and the user's personal data. These vulnerabilities can be exploited when users visit a compromised website or use an in-app browser.
The rapid release of a security patch underscores Apple's commitment to addressing potential threats promptly, particularly as it launches innovative products like the Vision Pro. As technology advances, ensuring the security of mixed reality and augmented reality devices becomes increasingly critical to safeguard user privacy and prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information. Apple's proactive approach in releasing security updates for its latest hardware reflects the ongoing challenge of staying ahead of potential security threats in the dynamic landscape of modern technology. Users are encouraged to apply the visionOS 1.0.2 update to mitigate the identified vulnerability and enhance the security posture of their Vision Pro devices.


text:
Article Detail - JD DME
Initial Wound Evaluation for Surgical Dressings
For initial wound evaluations, the treating practitioner's medical record, nursing home, or home care nursing records must specify:
- The type of qualifying wound (see Surgical Dressings Policy Article A54563); and,
- Information regarding the location, number, and size of qualifying wounds being treated with a dressing; and,
- Whether the dressing is being used as a primary or secondary dressing or for some noncovered use (e.g., wound cleansing); and,
- Amount of drainage; and,
- The type of dressing (e.g., hydrocolloid wound cover, hydrogel wound filler, etc.); and,
- The size of the dressing (if applicable); and,
- The number/amount to be used at one time; and,
- The frequency of dressing change; and,
- Any other relevant clinical information.
This information can be found in the Surgical Dressings Policy Article A54563.
Last Updated Tue, 18 Apr 2023 18:43:12 +0000

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Wed September 5, 2012
The Toothbrush: It's In The Space Station's Toolbox. How About Yours?
When we heard that astronauts aboard the International Space Station took a spare toothbrush along on a spacewalk today and used it to help clean debris from around some bolts they needed to secure in order to install a power unit, it got us thinking.
Just how versatile are old toothbrushs? We know we've used them to:
-- Clean bike gears.
-- Get grime out of our hubcaps.
-- Get at the crust around a car battery's terminals.
-- Polish jewelry.
-- Reach into aquarium filters.
There must be, though, many other ways they've been used. Please put on your "Hints from Heloise" hats and share in the comments thread.
By the way, NPR's Joe Palca tells our Newscast Desk that the two astronauts' spacewalk was a success. He says that:
"The space station gets its power from an array of solar panels. Four boxes, called main bus switching units, deliver that power to the electrical system on board the station. One of those units had stopped working properly. The station has a spare, so NASA decided to replace the malfunctioning unit.
"But during a spacewalk last week, Sunita Williams and Akihiko Hoshide were unable to drive home a bolt to needed install the unit, apparently because of some metal debris on the bolt or bolt housing. Using some jury-rigged tools, including a toothbrush on a metal handle, today they removed the debris. This this time the bolt went in without a hitch. Signals on the ground showed the new unit was working."
(H/T to NPR's Scott Neuman.)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: In VLSI CAD, difficult optimization problems have to be solved on a constant basis. Various optimization techniques have been proposed in the past. While some of these methods have been shown to work well in applications and have become somewhat established over the years, other techniques have been ignored. Recently, there has been a growing interest in optimization algorithms based on principles observed in nature, termed Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs). Evolutionary Algorithms in VLSI CAD presents the basic concepts of EAs, and considers the application of EAs in VLSI CAD. It is the first book to show how EAs could be used to improve IC design tools and processes. Several successful applications from different areas of circuit design, like logic synthesis, mapping and testing, are described in detail. Evolutionary Algorithms in VLSI CAD consists of two parts. The first part discusses basic principles of EAs and provides some easy-to-understand examples. Furthermore, a theoretical model for multi-objective optimization is presented. In the second part a software implementation of EAs is supplied together with detailed descriptions of several EA applications. These applications cover a wide range of VLSI CAD, and different methods for using EAs are described. Evolutionary Algorithms in VLSI CAD is intended for CAD developers and researchers as well as those working in evolutionary algorithms and techniques supporting modern design tools and processes.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Stand-alone Annotation Tool
An easy way to use the annotation facilities offered by Ellogon, without the need to install and use Ellogon, is through the stand-alone annotation tool. This stand-alone annotation tool wraps all the needed Ellogon components into a single executable, which requires no installation: the user (i.e. the annotator) simply downloads and runs the tool.
The tool supports various configurations:
 - Autonomous annotation: the tool stores corpora and annotations localy, in the computer used to run the tool. Usually this is the prefered mode if a single annotator needs to annotate a corpus.
 - Collaborative annotation: the tool stores both corpora and annotations on a remote database server (such as mysql or postgres). Multiple annotators can annotate the same corpus.
The tool can be downloaded from here: Annotation Tool version 1.0.0
The above link contains binaries for both windows (XP, 7, 8, 8.1), Linux (64 bit) and OSX (Mountain Lion +).
How to configure the Annotation Tool
The annotation tool contains configuration information, which has been embedded during the creation of the executable file. In order to create specialised executables that contain configuration for your specific needs and annotation tasks, please contact the Ellogon authors.
Another way to override the default configuration, is to create a text file, with the name "init.ini", in the same directory as the executable of the tool.
In this configuration file various fields can be defined, which override the ones in the default configuration, contained inside the tool. The format is identical to windows "ini" files.A sample configuration file is:
WindowTitle=Ellogon Annotation Tool (demo)
; CollectionsHomeVariable=UserHomeDir
Scheme=english sentiment polarity {}


text:
Grant program funds a new kind of welding education
April 15, 2008
A new grant program promotes education for the welding technician. The program focuses more on welding theory behind the various processes--and less on hands-on training.
Students at Lorain County Community College get hands-on training. A new grant program has allowed the school to expand its offerings to include more classroom work covering the science behind welding processes.
Welding's complexity stands out in metal fabricating, and learning it doesn't happen overnight. It takes repetition and concentration. It takes an understanding of metallurgy and chemistry, as well as knowledge of good joint and product design. It takes management and organizational skills that, combined with welding knowledge, can make the best use of welding technology.
But can one person do it all?
Few can, and that fact lies at the heart of the skilled-labor shortage in welding, according to sources. As a trade, welding requires three personalities: the hands-on welder, the manager who knows how to get the most out of a welding operation, and the engineer who develops processes and products that make the best use of welding.
Community colleges train welders on specific processes and procedures as needed by local industry. Institutions such as The Ohio State University, LeTourneau University, and the Colorado School of Mines offer higher education in welding engineering. But what about the middle manager, the welding technician who knows the processes enough to manage a group of hands-on welders, work with automated equipment, and, at the same time, communicate welding knowledge and organizational ideas to engineers and upper management, people who may or may not have a background in welding? According to sources, this kind of welding technician holds qualifications that industry covets, but many have years of experience and stand at retirement's doorstep. Who will fill their ranks?
Some are attempting to answer that question by rethinking traditional welding education, which has focused on one of two areas: the hands-on approach, championed by community colleges and technical schools, and theory taught by undergraduate and graduate programs. Few, however, offer both.
Exceptions do exist. Schools like Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Mich., offer students hands-on training of manual, semiautomatic, and robotic processes along with theory as part of two-year Welding Technology Associate in Applied Science degree and four-year Welding Engineering Technology Bachelor of Science degree programs. The trouble is, there aren't enough Ferris States.
A student performs gas tungsten arc welding at Lorain County Community College. Weld Ed program organizers emphasize that such hands-on training can't be replaced.
"The world needs more Ernie Leverts," said Ken Smith of Lorain County Community College, Elyria, Ohio.
Levert, a Lockheed Martin welding engineer and past president of the American Welding Society, graduated from a vocational high school, spent time in the Navy as a hands-on welder, then went on to Ohio State to earn his welding engineering degree. Levert and others like him represent the exception, Smith said. Typically, hands-on welding attracts those who enjoy hands-on work, while engineering draws those who enjoy theoretical thinking. What the industry needs, Smith said, is someone who can see eye to eye with both.
With this in mind, Smith and representatives from the American Welding Society, Ferris State, Texas State Technical College, the Pennsylvania College of Technology, and elsewhere started the National Center for Welding Education and Training—Weld Ed for short—funded by the National Science Foundation. Lorain CCC has become the program's organizational hub, with Smith as principal investigator and project coordinator, but the program is open to schools across the country. Weld Ed's aim: Make available more courses that include weld theory, metallurgy, and process knowledge and facilitate an idea exchange between participating schools through teacher workshops, conferences, and online Webcasts.
"This four-year project, which started in July 2007, is designed to increase the number of welding technicians in the United States," said Jeff Carney, Weld Ed adviser and welding engineering technology department chair at Ferris State University. "The role of the community college is to provide skilled training for local industry, and they've done that very well. But industry is asking for a little bit more." Industry not only needs that hands-on welder, but also those who can multitask, perform quality assurance, and apply welding theory to an overall operation, he said.
"You have a traditional challenge in getting engineers and hands-on-oriented people to see eye to eye, and you never will," Smith said. "I'm not just talking welding; I'm talking all disciplines. I've got a degree in industrial technology. I see practicality needs to be there, but at the same time I see the need for theory. I'm the proverbial'man in the middle.' I can see both sides, and here we're trying to figure out a practical approach [to meet industry needs]."
The program focuses on educating someone who's not necessarily a hands-on welder, not a welding engineer, but a little of both. Organizers hope that graduates will go on to land jobs as weld technicians who manage welding operations, be it a bank of automated robot cells, a group of hands-on welders, or a mix of the two.
There's a practical side too. Welding labs cost money, and ones with robots cost even more. When school administrators choose between spending money on desktop computers and investing in welding power sources, computers usually win. With Weld Ed focusing on classroom work, instructors can teach more about welding processes, spread awareness, and perhaps spark more curiosity and interest—for less money.
"We wanted a curriculum from which you could teach welding ideas and concepts without the need for an expensive lab," Smith said. "[Weld Ed] courses will teach students about different welding processes, about heat flow and chemistry, and other physical properties [of the process] without ever having to strike an arc."
Smith admitted that "there has been resistance [from some]. We're not saying welders never need to have hands-on experiences. In fact, [this program will not] produce skilled welders. But they will have the practical background, they will understand the metallurgy and scientific side of things. They will be able to troubleshoot robotic welding and enhance welding setups."
He added that while the hands-on welder focuses on what happens between the welding gun and workpiece, the Weld Ed program's technician looks at an entire operation, focuses on work flow and procedures, and finds ways to discover more efficiency.
A welding technician or manager would have enough process knowledge to manage a group of hands-on welders and, at the same time, communicate welding knowledge and ideas to upper management. Source: Hobart Institute of Welding Technology.
Technology has greatly altered the welding profession. While automation is seen as something manufacturing couldn't do without, it has thrown a wrench into the career path of some, Smith explained. Many who got into welding years ago because they enjoy hands-on work have seen such work become automated. Sure, they may adapt, learn robot programming, and continue to draw a paycheck, but their passion still may lie in striking an arc.
"Today's industry is shifting to the automated world," Smith said, "and it is in that automated world where the term technician comes into play."
Weld Ed hopes to find those students who can develop a passion for such hands-off work and learn more theory to get the most out of welding workcells. From the start, these students will want to be that technician who maximizes efficiencies of welding technology.
Sources are quick to point out that the Weld Ed program doesn't diminish the need for hands-on welding. "The world still needs production welders … and we need skilled welders who can meet specific industry codes and requirements," Carney said. The skilled-labor shortage exists at all levels of the welding profession.
What the Weld Ed program does do, Carney explained, is tap into an emerging labor force demographic: "If you asked a welding teacher who's been teaching for 30 years about the level of mechanical aptitude today versus 20 years ago, most would say [that students 20 years ago] had more." This doesn't mean students are less intelligent or motivated; they just grew up in a different environment. A generation ago kids grew up working on cars and learned to enjoy what hands-on work could accomplish. Today cars use a computer for diagnostics—no hands-on problem-solving required. For the hands-on person, where's the fun in that?
But computers can't automate everything, and if anything they have brought demand for critical thinking to the footlights. According to sources, Weld Ed organizers hope to nurture those critical-thinking skills for the next generation's weld shop.
A new class at the Hobart Institute of Welding Technology, Troy, Ohio, may be a harbinger of welding education. The course teaches welders who are moving into supervisory roles, and it culminates with an exam that grants the American Welding Society designation of CWS, or certified welding supervisor.
A Hobart Institute of Welding Technology class prepares for the AWS certified welding supervisor exam.
"It is similar to the certified welding inspector exam," said Hobart Institute President Andre Odermatt, "but with more of an emphasis on productivity and quality improvement."
Unlike courses funded by the Weld Ed program, the Hobart course primarily serves seasoned welders, some of whom already have a CWI designation under their belts. But both Weld Ed and Hobart programs focus on applying more welding science and process knowledge to make operations better and more efficient.
Odermatt explained that many welders advance to the supervisory ranks without any additional training, even though such positions demand starkly different thinking. A welder's work focuses on what happens between the welding gun and workpiece; a supervisor must focus on


text:
|Portability||portable (depends on GHC)|
A set of rectangles describing areas to be redrawn.
- Regions consist of a set of non-overlapping rectangles. They are used to specify the area of a window which needs updating.
- makeNewRegion :: Ptr Region -> IO Region
- newtype Region = Region (ForeignPtr Region)
- regionNew :: IO Region
- data FillRule
- regionPolygon :: [Point] -> FillRule -> IO Region
- regionCopy :: Region -> IO Region
- regionRectangle :: Rectangle -> IO Region
- regionGetClipbox :: Region -> IO Rectangle
- regionGetRectangles :: Region -> IO [Rectangle]
- regionEmpty :: Region -> IO Bool
- regionEqual :: Region -> Region -> IO Bool
- regionPointIn :: Region -> Point -> IO Bool
- data OverlapType
- regionRectIn :: Region -> Rectangle -> IO OverlapType
- regionOffset :: Region -> Int -> Int -> IO ()
- regionShrink :: Region -> Int -> Int -> IO ()
- regionUnionWithRect :: Region -> Rectangle -> IO ()
- regionIntersect :: Region -> Region -> IO ()
- regionUnion :: Region -> Region -> IO ()
- regionSubtract :: Region -> Region -> IO ()
- regionXor :: Region -> Region -> IO ()
Specify how to interpret a polygon.
- The flag determines what happens if a polygon has overlapping areas.
How a rectangle is contained in a
Move a region.
- Positive values shrink the region, negative values expand it.
Updates the region to include the rectangle.
Intersects one region with another.
reg1to include the common areas of
Unions one region with another.
Removes pars of a
- Reduces the region
reg1so that is does not include any areas of


How to use else if in Bash?
Only if a user-entered value is greater than 10 then print "OK". If the value equals to 10 or less then print "Not OK" 3. Bash – If-elif-else Statement Example In addition to else-if, we can check for new conditions, if the program goes to else block. The elif (else if) is used for multiple if conditions.
For More Information Please Refer:
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text:
s too hot for the money tree or Pachira aquatica.
That's not something you should have to worry about, as your home would be a sauna at that temperature, but if you ever find your money tree suffering from heat stress, bring it into a cool environment immediately.
Replenish with water and your plant should be okay in a matter of hours to a day, perhaps longer if the stress was severe.
Since it isn't frost-hardy in the slightest, cold temperatures will lead to cold shock. It won't take long before the plant cell walls could freeze, or tissue death could occur.
What about the humidity requirements of the money tree? These too don't demand extra effort out of you, as a relative humidity of 50 percent is preferable.
Most homes and offices have an average relative humidity between 30 and 50 percent anyway.
Best Fertilizer for a Money Tree
All-purpose plant fertilizer is a great source of food for a hungry money tree.
I'd recommend comparing labels to ensure the plant's fertilizer has an equal balance of macronutrients.
Macronutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These nutrients support a healthy plant in many ways, such as strengthening cell walls, providing energy, and encouraging photosynthesis.
The macronutrient balance will be listed numerically, such as 10-10-10. If all three numbers are the same, you've found a great fertilizer for your money tree.
How to Fertilize a Money Tree
When the money tree's active growing season begins in the spring, apply fertilizer once per month. Moisten the soil until it's damp before fertilizing. Dilute the fertilizer to at least half-strength, but I'd suggest following the dilution instructions on the label.
Continue the fertilizing schedule throughout the summer and into the autumn. You can stop fertilizing the money tree in the winter, as it goes dormant then.
Common Issues with the Money Tree
Are you mystified by your money tree? Is it just not growing right and you don't know why? Allow me to help in this section!
Unfortunately, a whole host of pests will make their home on your beautiful money tree leaves, sucking away sap from the plant until it's a shell of its former self. Here's an overview.
Known as the blackfly or greenfly, aphids include 5,000 species, and about 400 species will eat crops. Aphids leave honeydew deposits.
These insects encourage the growth of mold on your plants and are disease vectors to boot!
Hand-flicking aphids will work, as will using essential oils or neem oil.
Teeny-tiny but oh so detrimental, scale insects include 8,000 different species. They usually produce wax as a defense mechanism.
To kill these microscopic bugs, take a cotton swab, dip it in rubbing alcohol, and apply directly to the scale infestation on your money tree.
Thirstily lapping up greenhouse plant juices, mealybugs are a natural enemy of the money tree. They spread diseases, so an infestation must be dealt with post-haste.
Cotton swabs with rubbing alcohol work on mealybugs as well, and you can also mix dish soap with rubbing alcohol for an even more potent combination.
Tiny, white, and winged, the whitefly manifests most frequently on the underside of a houseplant's leaves. Their numbers include over 1,500 species, so they're a serious problem for many indoor gardeners.
With a water and dish soap mixture poured into a spray bottle, whiteflies shouldn't stand a chance.
The arachnid known as the mite is under a millimeter in size. That makes them hard to spot until they infest a houseplant like the money tree. Their size also makes them easy to kill, as rubbing alcohol will once again do the trick.
Besides pests, keep an eye out for plant diseases in your money tree. A weak plant is one that often becomes the target of insect infestations, after all!
The plant disease root rot is caused by overwatering.
The roots are starved of oxygen and oversaturated in water, which causes them to die. Later, the plant will begin looking wilted and discolored.
By removing dead roots and reducing watering frequency, an affected plant might survive. Root rot can be deadly.
When moisture builds up in a money tree's pot and the plant lacks sunlight, oedema can occur. Blister-like spots will appear across the money tree's leaves, and those leaves will also turn brown and saggy.
Moving the plant to a newer, drier environment and modifying watering habits might treat oedema.
The fungus mildew appears on money trees that are too damp. You might spot mildew on the soil, several inches deep into the soil, or on the plant's leaves.
By wiping away surface-level mildew and reducing standing water in the money tree's pot, the fungus might not return. If powdery mildew becomes too advanced, you must dump the plant's soil.
Anthracnose Leaf Spot
Another fungal disease, anthracnose leaf spot will have brownish or blackish spots across the foliage. The affected leaves usually die.
The best treatment is a fungicidal spray. In the future, maintain good watering habits to prevent future recurrences of leaf spot.
- Leaves falling off: By the time a plant's leaves fall off, those leaves have usually become discolored. I'd recommend checking the temperatures in your home or office. Even if your thermostat is set correctly, drafts such as from a radiator, an air conditioner, or an old door can cause temperature fluctuations that the money tree can't handle.
- Leaves turning yellow: Amend your watering habits, and if not that, then the lighting you're providing for the money tree when its leaves are yellow. If neither of those are the causes, then it could be that you're overfertilizing this plant. Fertilizer burn from the salts in fertilizer can cause symptoms like withered, browned, or yellowed leaves.
- Curling or drooping leaves: When the leaves of your money tree remain on the plant but are in poor shape, cut back on the watering frequency. Your plant is likely on the verge of root rot if it doesn't already have it.
Money Tree Common Questions
If you still have some lingering questions or concerns about bringing home a money tree of your own, allow me to dispel them in this FAQs section.
Is the Money Tree Toxic to Pets?
Do you have pets in the house? You usually have to choose your houseplants quite carefully, as many plant species are toxic to cats and dogs alike.
The money tree is not one of them. Although nibbling on its leaves can cause an upset stomach, the plant itself is not poison.
How Long Do Money Trees Live?
Owning any plant is a commitment, and that's true of the money tree as well. With the care that I outlined in this guide, your money tree could live for as few as 10 years to as many as 15 years. That's about the lifespan of a pet!
Do Money Trees Purify the Air?
It does indeed! The money tree or Pachira aquatica can lessen chemicals in the air.
Many houseplants have the added benefit of cleaning the air of toxins so you and your loved ones can breathe easier. It's great to know that the money tree belongs to the air purifying plant club.
Besides the benefit of being lucky, money trees are supposed to help you sleep better and lessen your anxiety and stress according to Feng Shui practitioners. The money tree is a great all-around houseplant!


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DIVERSITY & ENDEMISM
Although research into the flora of the Horn of Africa is still ongoing, the best possible estimates are that there are about 5,000 species of vascular plants in the region, just over half of which – about 2,750 species – are endemic. There are strong concentrations of endemic species in northern Somalia and in the Socotra Archipelago.
Socotra also has a relatively high level of generic endemism, with 13 of the hotspot's nearly 60 endemic genera confined to the archipelago. Furthermore, the Horn of Africa is home to two endemic plant families: Barbeyaceae, which is represented by a single, relatively widespread evergreen species, Barbeya oleoides, and Dirachmaceae, represented by two threatened species, Dirachma socotrana (VU), on Socotra, and D. somalensis (EN) in central Somalia.
For thousands of years, several native tree species have provided the raw materials for some of the Horn of Africa's most important commodities, including frankincense (from Boswellia sacra in Somalia, Yemen and Oman, and B. frereana in Somalia), myrrh (from the widespread Commiphor myrrha and C. guidottii in Somalia and eastern Ethiopia) and dragon's blood or cinnabar (from Dracaena cinnabari, EN found on Socotra). All three are gum-resins obtained from these trees. Dragon's blood, is used as a medicine and dye. The production of frankincense and myrrh is still a major economic activity in Somalia and, to some extent, in Ethiopia and northern Kenya.
Among the hotspot's other notable plant species is the spectacular cucumber tree (Dendrosicyos socotrana, VU), found only on Socotra, which has a massive water-storing trunk and tendrils on its branches. The daban or Bankoualé palm (Livistona carinensis, VU) is interesting in that the other 30 or so species of Livistona occur in Southeast Asia and Australia. The daban, which is harvested for use in the construction of homes and drainage pipes, is now found only in a few isolated localities in northeastern Somalia, Djibouti and southern Yemen. The Yeheb nut (Cordeauxia edulus, VU), an evergreen shrub or small tree with yellow flowers and edible, highly nourishing seeds is found in the dry bushlands of eastern Ethiopia and central Somalia, usually in areas of deep sand. It has been touted as a potential food crop for arid areas, but has proven difficult to cultivate.
Hundreds of new species have been discovered in Somalia alone in the last 20 years, most notable among them the Somali cyclamen (Cyclamen somalense). Known only from a small area in northern Somalia, the plant was a surprising discovery in tropical Africa, as the genus Cyclamen is otherwise found only in the Mediterranean region.
Of the 697 bird species regularly recorded in the hotspot, 24 are endemic. Seven of these species are found only in Somalia, including a bushshrike, the Bulo Burti boubou (Laniarius liberatus, CR), which was described (and is still known only) from a single individual that was released (hence the specific name liberatus) after comprehensive study. Another six species are confined entirely to Socotra, including the golden-winged grosbeak (Rhynchostruthus socotranus), the only representative of its genus. Four Endemic Bird Areas, as defined by BirdLife International, fall entirely within the hotspot.
One of the most notable endemic bird species in the hotspot is the Warsangli linnet (Carduelis johannis, EN), locally common in high, steep escarpments along the Gulf of Aden in northern Somalia. Another important flagship species is the Djibouti francolin (Francolinus ochropectus, CR), which is found only in two sites in Djibouti, Forêt de Day, which is thought to be the only viable site for this imperiled species, and the nearby Mabla Mountains.
Nearly 220 mammal species are found in the Horn of Africa, although only about 20 are endemic to the hotspot. The most notable endemics are several antelope species, including the beira (Dorcatragus megalotis, VU), dibatag (Ammodorcas clarkei), Speke's gazelle (Gazella spekei) and silver dikdik (Madoqua piacentinii, VU). The beira is confined to dry and inhospitable hills and mountains of northern Somalia, eastern Ethiopia and Djibouti, where it can survive without water. The slender dibatag, with its characteristic erect tail and long neck, is found in the bushlands of eastern Ethiopia and adjoining lowlands of northern and central Somalia. Both species have suffered from uncontrolled hunting and habitat degradation. The hotspot also has an endemic species of wild ass, the Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis, CR), while the desert warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), a distinct species from the common warthog (P. africanus), is found mainly in eastern Ethiopia, Somalia and northern Kenya.
Five monotypic mammal genera are endemic to the hotspot, including the aforementioned beira and dibatag, as well as three small mammals: the Somali pygmy gerbil (Microdillus peeli), the ammodile (Ammodillus imbellis, VU) and Speke's pectinator (Pectinator spekei).
The hamadryas or sacred baboon (Papio hamadryas), which was held sacred in ancient Egypt and often mummified, is today endemic to the arid Horn, living on hillsides and escarpments bordering the southern Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
The Horn of Africa's highest levels of endemism occur among reptiles, with more than 90 of around 285 species found nowhere else. The hotspot's six endemic reptile genera include Haackgreerius, a monotypic genus of skink found in Somalia, and Aeluroglena, which is represented by a single species of snake, A. cucullata. Half of the endemic genera are restricted to Socotra, including the two Haemodracon gecko species and two snake genera, Ditypophis and Pachycalamus, represented by single species.
Unlike the reptiles, amphibians are relatively poorly represented in the arid Horn, with nearly 30 species recorded, of which at least six are endemic. There is only a single endemic genus, Lanzarana, which is represented by one species, Lanza's frog (L. largeni) of Somalia. Despite suitable habitats, no amphibians are known to exist on Socotra.
There are an estimated 100 species of freshwater fish in the Horn of Africa, about 10 of which are endemic. These endemics include three cave-dwelling species (each the only representative of an endemic genus) found only in Somalia, two of which – the Somalian blind barb (Barbopsis devecchii, VU) and Somalian cavefish (Phreatichthys andruzzii, VU) – are blind. No native freshwater fishes are known with certainty from Socotra, but populations of Aphanius dispar have been introduced to some waters as part of an anti-malaria program.


text:
View Related Episode: Bear Research, Dippers, Harney County
Harney County, Oregon covers 10,180 square miles, but only about seven thousand people live within its boundaries. One can travel along a main highway for miles without seeing a house or fence, just an occasional road that leads seemingly nowhere. The discovery of gold in the early 1860s brought thousands of prospectors through the area. Cattle ranchers, attracted by the vast amount of bunchgrass soon began moving their herds into the region.
First Broadcast: 1995
Producer: Jessica Martin
Appeared in episode: Bear Research, Dippers, Harney County
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Former Jailhouse Lawyer Bobby Battle Dies at Age 80
by Monte McCoin
Former prisoner Bobby Battle, an Oklahoma City native with a sixth-grade education who filed a lawsuit that ultimately led to historic reforms and the desegregation of Oklahoma prisons, died on December 25, 2017 at the age of 80.
"He must have just had native intelligence, one of those people who was educated even though they have poor formal education," attorney Stephen Jones recalled. "Bobby just taught himself about federal civil rights and prison reform and the cases and went forward."
In 1970, Battle was housed for two months in the "dungeon," a subbasement area at the Oklahoma State Penitentiary, after he filed a complaint with the warden about a 275-pound guard who beat a much smaller fellow prisoner. His experience led him to research and prepare a 1972 lawsuit that would continue making its way through the courts for nearly 30 years and become the most expensive prison litigation in state history.
That suit launched an FBI probe in 1974 that found understaffing, inadequate medical facilities, inadequate access to legal materials, racial segregation and discrimination, and unconstitutional limits on legal mail. The case was ultimately certified as a class-action after four other prisoners joined in, and the Department of Justice intervened. Over the years, courts ordered far-reaching reforms in Oklahoma's prison system until, on January 26, 2001, U.S. District Court Judge Michael Burrage granted a motion to terminate the case under the Prison Litigation Reform Act. See: Battle v. Anderson, U.S.D.C. (E.D. Okla.), Case No. 72-cv-95.
While incarcerated, Battle became a civil rights activist and created an organization behind bars called the Committee Against Prison Exploitation. Following his release in 1987 he hosted a radio program, the "Bobby Battle Forum," which helped connect callers with available community social services and advocated for voting rights for former prisoners. He called his experience in prison "Knucklehead College," and often spoke with others who had been incarcerated. He was buried in his hometown of Oklahoma City.
"Bobby is an unsung hero. He had the guts to stand up and do the right thing," Jones stated.
Many of the improved prison conditions that prisoners take for granted were achieved through hard-fought litigation by activist prisoners in the 1970s and 80s. Battle was one of them, and he helped effect reforms in Oklahoma prisons that continue today.
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text:
Mathematical Models of Individual Buyer Behavior, Behavioral Science
Several grand models of buyer choice behavior exist, differing in their relative emphasis on economic, social, and psychological factors. Some of the partial or incompatible theorizing can be cleared up through efforts to develop and compare mathematical formulations of the different assertions about buyer behavior. This paper deals with the problem of explaining how the purchasers of consumer staples make brand choices through time. The author contrasts seven models of increasing complexity, the last one involving all the previous considerations of brand loyalty, stochastic factors, the influence of the last brand purchased, learning, competitive brand features, competitive brand promotion, and word-of-mouth influence. He concludes that model complexity is necessary both to provide a norm for exposing the omissions of simpler models and as a requirement for the eventual development of useful and realistic market simulators.
Kotler, Philip. 1968. Mathematical Models of Individual Buyer Behavior. Behavioral Science. 13(4): 274-287.


Coffee Filter Rainbow
Marker rainbow (1)
Coffee Filter Rainbow
Coffee Filter Rainbow 540 400 admin
How can one color be many colors? Ask your kids how many colors are hiding in other colors. My boys gave the usual answers, red and blue are in purple, blue and yellow in green. But when I asked what colors make black, they were stumped. With just two simple ingredients and water, find how many colors can hide in black.
What you need:
 - Coffee filter
 - Black marker
What you do:
 1. Fold the coffee filter in quarters.
 2. Color the tip of the coffee filter cone black.
 3. Dip the black tip into water and lay it flat on plate.
 4. Watch for the rainbow to creep up the filter!
Why it works?
The coffee filter spreads the water upwards and separates the different color particles in the black marker ink. The color black reflects no colors. By mixing lots of colors which absorb specific wavelengths and reflect others, the colors end up absorbing any wavelengths reflected by any one color, leaving only black.
Want a little more color excitement? Try different color markers on the tip or fold the coffee filter in different ways to make different patterns.


text: Editor's note: This is the fifth column in a series that challenges misconceptions about entrepreneurship. Myth: When measuring share of small business employment, the terms "small firm" and "small establishment" mean the same thing. Reality: To determine the share of employment small businesses account for in the U.S., I've always used data from the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business Administration which provides data produced by the U.S. Census on small business employment. The Census data on the SBA Web site shows that, in 2006 (the latest year available), 50.2% of U.S. employment lies in businesses with fewer than 500 employees. But recently I began looking at data from payroll provider Automatic Data Processing (ADP), which uses payroll data to track U.S. employment. ADP's data shows that the share of U.S. employment in businesses with less than 500 employees is more than 30 percentage points higher. In 2006, the ADP data showed that 82.9% of U.S. employment was in businesses with less than 500 employees. Huh? A 32.7% gap in the share of employment in businesses with fewer than 500 employees is much too large to be the result of just some slight difference in measurement. So something else must be going on. What's Behind the NumbersTo figure out what could explain the differences, I took a look at what the two sources are measuring. Both are comparing employment in businesses of less than 500 employees to the overall number of people employed and both exclude employment on farms. So it's not the size of the businesses or the exclusion of agriculture that's the cause of the difference. It's also not their labor force figures. The two sources' estimates of the number of people employed aren't that far off each other—119,917,000 for the SBA in 2006 and 113,475,000 for ADP in 2006. Even if we assume that every employee counted by the SBA and missed by ADP was employed in a large business, ADP's estimates would show that small businesses accounted for 77.2% of U.S. employment, whereas the Census/SBA estimates would show that small businesses only accounted for 50.2% of U.S. employment. The use of payroll data is also not the explanation. Census measures employment on the basis of payroll tax records, using employer identification numbers to identify businesses. ADP gets its estimates from "aggregated and anonymous payroll data that represents approximately 400,000 of ADP's 500,000 U.S. business clients" which are then extrapolated to the overall population. So both sources are using payroll data to measure employment. Different definitions of "business"The difference, it turns out, lies in how the two groups define "businesses." ADP is measuring establishments, whereas Census is measuring firms. And small establishments, it turns out, are very different than small firms. According to the U.S. Census, "an establishment is a single physical location where business transactions take place and for which payroll and employment records are kept." Firms are "groups of one or more establishments under common ownership or control." Many more Americans work in establishments with fewer than 500 employees than in firms with fewer than 500 employees because a lot of establishments are part of large firms. For example, the Gap (GPS) outlet at your local mall is considered an establishment if it has fewer than 500 employees, but it is considered part of a firm if it has more than 500 employees. So if we measure employment at establishments with fewer than 500 employees, everyone working at the Gap outlets in different malls around the country would be considered employed in small establishments. However, if we measure employment at firms with fewer than 500 employees, everyone working at those different Gap outlets (as long as they weren't franchised) would be considered employed at large firms. The difference between the establishment and firm data is corroborated by looking at County Business Patterns, a Census Bureau effort to measure establishments. County Business Patterns shows small establishment employment numbers very similar to those shown by ADP. In 2007, the Census data shows 79.7% of employment was in establishments with fewer than 500 employees, while ADP shows that 83.1% of employment was in "businesses" with fewer than 500 employees. Skewed Employment StatisticsPutting the data together, it is clear that a lot of people work in small establishments that are part of large firms. Unfortunately, most people looking at the different sources of data don't know this, especially since the different sources are saying that they are measuring "businesses." And, unless people look at both sources at the same time, they probably don't even know they are different. But the difference does make it difficult to discuss a basic fact about small business—the share of employment it accounts for. There are probably a number of reasons why measuring small establishments is problematic when seeking to understand small businesses. But here's just one: suppose policymakers want to put in place policies to increase small business employment if small business isn't accounting for an increasing share of total employment. If policymakers look at establishment data, they will get the wrong answer about what to do. The share of employment in small firms has been constant in recent years, while the share of employment in small establishments has been rising. So looking at establishment numbers would give policymakers the impression that small business is accounting for an increasing share of employment. A fact that turns out to be untrue.


damaged.<
Do not use the windshield wipers when
the windshield is dry; otherwise the wiper
blades may wear out faster or be damaged.<
1
Turn signal
2
Headlamp flasher
Using turn signals
Press the lever beyond the resistance point.
To turn off manually, press the lever to the resistance point.
Unusually rapid flashing of the indicator
lamp indicates that an indicator bulb has
failed.<
1
Switching on wipers
2
Switching off wipers or brief wipe
Signaling a turn briefly
3
Press the lever as far as the resistance point for
as long as you wish to signal a turn.
Activating/deactivating intermittent wipe or
rain sensor
4
Cleaning windshield and headlamps
Triple turn signal activation
Switching on wipers
Press the lever as far as the resistance point.
Press the lever upward, arrow 1.
You can set whether the turn signal flashes once
or three times.
The lever automatically returns to its initial position when released.
1. "Settings"
Normal wiper speed
2. "Lighting"
3. "Triple turn signal"
Press once.
The system switches to intermittent operation
when the vehicle is stationary.
Fast wiper speed
Press twice or press beyond the resistance point.
The system switches to normal speed when the
vehicle is stationary.
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53
CONTROLS
Driving
Intermittent wipe or rain sensor
If the car is not equipped with a rain sensor, the
intermittent-wipe time is preset.
4. Press the button as often as necessary until
the symbol and "SET" are displayed.
If the car is equipped with a rain sensor, the time
between wipes is controlled automatically and
depends on the intensity of the rainfall. The rain
sensor is mounted on the windshield, directly in
front of the interior rearview mirror.
Activating intermittent wipe or rain
sensor
Press button, arrow 3.
This symbol is displayed in the tachometer.
5. Press and hold the button until the display
changes.
Deactivate the rain sensor before entering
an automatic car wash. Failure to do so
could result in damage caused by undesired
wiper activation.<
Adjusting the sensitivity of the rain
sensor
1. Switch on the ignition, refer to page 48.
2. Press the button in the turn signal indicator
as often as necessary until "SET/INFO" is displayed.
6. Press the button to select the desired sensitivity.
7. Wait, or press and hold the button until the
display changes.
The settings are stored.
Deactivating intermittent wipe or rain
sensor
Press the button again, arrow 3.
Brief wipe
Press the lever downward once, arrow 2.
3. Press and hold the button until the display
changes.
Cleaning windshield and headlamps
Pull the lever, arrow 4.
Washer fluid is sprayed onto the windshield and
the wipers are operated briefly.
When the vehicle lighting system is switched on,
the headlamps are cleaned at regular and
appropriate intervals.
54
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Driving
In cars equipped with an alarm system, the
headlamps cannot be cleaned when the hood is
open.
Do not use the washers when the washer
fluid reservoir is empty; otherwise, you will
damage the washer pump.
Only use the washers if the hood has been completely closed; otherwise, the headlamp washer
system may be damaged. Do not use the washers if there is any danger that the fluid will freeze
on the windshield. If you do, your vision could be
obscured. For this reason, use antifreeze.<
Window washer nozzles
The window washer nozzles are heated automatically while the engine is running or the ignition is switched on.
Rear window wiper
0
Rear wipers parked
1
To switch on intermittent wipe
:
Turn the cap to level 1.
Operation is continuous in reverse gear.
CONTROLS
Do not use the washers when the washer
fluid reservoir is empty; otherwise, you will
damage the washer pump.<
Washer fluid
Washer fluid is flammable. Keep it away
from ignition sources, only store it in the
closed, original container, and keep out of reach
of children; otherwise, there is a danger of
injury. Comply with the instructions on the container.<
Washer fluid reservoir
Only refill washer fluid that contains antifreeze when the engine is cool, to avoid
contact with hot engine parts. Otherwise, fluid
spills constitute a fire hazard and a risk to personal safety.<
Fill with water and, if required, with a washer
antifreeze, according to manufacturer's recommendations.
The rear wiper does not move if the cap is in
interval stage 1 before the ignition is switched
on.
Mix the water and antifreeze before filling
the washer fluid reservoir to make sure
the correct concentration is maintained.<
Cleaning the rear window
Capacity
2
To clean the rear window during intermittent wipe
:
Turn the cap further to level 2 and hold it
there.
Approx. 4.2 US quarts/4 liters.
3
To clean the rear window when wipers are
parked
:
Turn the cap to level 3 and hold it there.
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55
CONTROLS
Driving
Cruise control
Activating/deactivating cruise control
Press button 2.
The concept
The system is automatically deactivated if:
Cruise control is available at vehicle speeds of at
least approx. 20 mph or 30 km/h. The car then
stores and maintains the speed that you specify
using the button on the steering wheel.
> Braking takes place
Do not use cruise control when driving at
constant speed is prevented by adverse
conditions, e.g. winding roads, dense traffic or
poor road conditions due to, e.g. snow, rain, ice
or loose surfaces. Otherwise, you could lose control of the vehicle and cause an accident as a
result.<
> The stability control system is on
Activating
Maintaining current speed
Depending on the features with which your
vehicle is equipped, you have one of the two
buttons indicated 2 in your vehicle.
Press button 3.
> The clutch is engaged
> The transmission is set on N
Cruise control is not deactivated by depressing
the accelerator pedal. Once the accelerator
pedal is released, the stored speed is achieved
again and maintained.
The stored speed is cleared when the ignition is
switched off.
The system maintains and stores the current
vehicle speed.
If, on a downhill grade, the engine braking effect
is not sufficient, the controlled speed may be
exceeded. On uphill grades vehicle speed may
drop if the engine output is insufficient.
Increasing speed
1
Resuming cruise control
2
Activating/deactivating cruise control
3
Maintaining, storing and increasing speed
4
Maintaining, storing and decreasing speed
Indicator lamp in the speedometer lights up. The
cruise control system is ready and can be activated.
Press button 3 repeatedly until the desired
speed is reached. Every time you press the button, the speed increases by approx. 1 mph or
1 km/h.
Accelerating using the button
Press and hold button 3.
The vehicle accelerates without pressure on the
accelerator pedal. After the button is released,
the driving speed is maintained and stored.
Decreasing speed
Press button 4 repeatedly until the desired
speed is reached.
The functions here are the same as for increasing the speed or accelerating, except that the
speed will be decreased.
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Driving
CONTROLS
Resuming a speed stored beforehand
Press button 1.
The last speed stored is achieved again and
maintained.
The stored speed is cleared when the ignition is
switched off.
Display on tachometer
Selected speed is displayed briefly.
If --- mph or --- km/h is displayed briefly in
the tachometer, the conditions necessary
for operation may not be fulfilled.<
Malfunction
The warning lamp in the tachometer
lights up if the system fails. A message
appears on the Control Display.
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57
CONTROLS
Controls overview
Controls overview
Vehicle equipment
In this chapter, all production, country, and
optional equipment that is offered in the model
range is described. Equipment is also described
that is not available because of, for example,
selected options or country version. This also
applies to safety related functions and systems.
If the range displayed is less than
30 miles/50 km, be sure to refuel; otherwise, engine functions are not guaranteed and
damage may occur.<
With a dynamic driving style, e.g. rapid cornering, engine functions are not always assured.
Tachometer
Fuel gauge
Fuel tank capacity
Approx. 12.4 US gal/47 liters.
You will find information on refueling on
page 192.
Never operate the engine with the needle in the
red overspeed zone of the gauge. In this range,
the fuel supply is interrupted to protect the
engine.
Displays in tachometer
If the tilt of the vehicle varies for a longer period,
when you are driving in mountainous areas, for
example, the indicator may fluctuate slightly.
The arrow next to the gas pump symbol of the
fuel gauge points toward the side of the vehicle
with the fuel filler flap.
Reserve
Once the fuel level has fallen to the reserve zone
of approx. 2.1 US gal/8 liters the remaining LEDs
change from orange to red, arrow, and a message is displayed briefly on the Control Display.
The tachometer displays the remaining cruising
range. When the range is less than approx.
30 miles/50 km, the message remains in the
Control Display.
58
1
Current vehicle speed
2
Odometer in kilometers, trip recorder,
external temperature, time
3
Resetting the trip odometer
Press button on turn signal indicator to call up
information in the display area 2.
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Controls


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Winterberg is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the middle of the Sauerland, at the source of the Ruhr and Lenne river, at. Population: 14,676 (2002). Area: 148 km². It belongs to the district Hochsauerland.
Winterberg was declared a city about 1270, and was a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th until the 17th century. As it is located in high hills with swampy ground, it always was a poor city. Only since tourism started about 200 years ago has it blossomed. In 1975 several small villages were merged into the city, increasing the population notably - the center of Winterberg only has 4,536 residents.
Points of interest
Coat of arms
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


text:
The musket-wars period
The musket wars were a series of Māori tribal battles involving muskets (long-barrelled muzzle-loaded guns, brought to New Zealand by Europeans). Most took place between 1818 and 1840, although one of the first such encounters was around 1807–8 at Moremonui, Northland, between Ngāti Whātua and Ngāpuhi. While Ngāti Whātua had only traditional weapons, their well-executed ambush defeated Ngāpuhi, who were armed with muskets. There were also intertribal wars involving muskets after 1840.
Before and after
The musket wars were preceded by traditional warfare between tribes, involving hand-to-hand fighting with traditional stone or wood weapons. The introduction of muskets meant fighting could be done at a distance. The change in weaponry and strategy was not immediate, but developed over a few decades.
The musket wars were followed by the New Zealand wars. Rather than intertribal warfare, fighting was now between tribal groups against the Crown and, at times, the Crown's tribal allies.
Geographical spread and effect
The musket wars were New Zealand's most geographically widespread conflict. Almost all parts of the North and South islands, as well as the Chatham Islands, saw battles. One of the most significant results of the wars was the redrawing of tribal boundaries. These redrawn boundaries later became codified by the Native Land Court, which decreed that tribal boundaries should be determined as they were in 1840, after the musket wars, when the Treaty of Waitangi was signed.
The death toll from the musket wars was significant, although the actual number of casualties is not known. It is likely that there were around 20,000 deaths from direct and indirect causes. The high numbers reflect the decades of war and the fact that warfare affected all parts of the population, civilian and combatants. While the toll from the wars was considerable, the Māori population was to be affected much more by disease in the following decades.
Traditionally men had been both warriors and cultivators of the soil, and warfare was confined to summer months. The ritual aspects of growing kūmara (sweet potato) meant it had to be cultivated by men. Potatoes, introduced by Pākehā, did not have the same ritual needs and could be grown by slaves and women, allowing men more time for warfare. Potatoes also provided more food per hectare than kūmara. Surplus potatoes were used to purchase muskets, or could be carried by travelling war parties.
Better economic production and surplus food allowed taua (war parties) to travel much greater distances. Also, a number of significant battles saw Māori using Pākehā ships to travel to distant places. North Island iwi travelled as far as the Chathams and the southern South Island.
Two significant expeditions were known as Amiowhenua (circle the land). One involved Hokianga and Kāwhia tribes who travelled down the west coast of the North Island and around to Wairarapa in 1820–21. Another left Hauraki in 1821 and was led by Kaipara and Waikato–Maniapoto chiefs to Rotorua, across to Hawke's Bay and Wairarapa and around the west coast to Taranaki, finishing up back in Waikato and Kaipara. Ngāti Tama chief Te Pūoho also travelled the length of the South Island.


Too Wild to Drill
Some places are just Too Wild to Drill
TWTDOur last remaining wild places are threatened by pressures from oil, gas and mineral extraction on public lands. Oil and gas drilling scar the landscape, disrupt wildlife and release dangerous chemicals into the environment. Dust and toxic chemicals from mining pollute our air and water.
Though the threats from drilling and mining are gravely concerning, we can succeed in our fight to protect exceptional wild places.
Why this issue matters
Energy companies already have massive control of public lands and more leases than they can use. Of the 27 million acres currently under lease to oil and gas companies, more than half are sitting idle. Why give them more? There ought to be a few places deemed Too Wild To Drill.
Bureau of Land Management-managed public lands already open to oil and gas leasing.
20 years
Years of reserve that the coal industry has under lease.
Emissions from oil and gas development on public lands are equivalent to 20% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions.
What we're doing
 1. Fighting industry proposals
 We fight industry proposals to destroy some of the best wild places in America for short-lived commercial gains.
 2. Increasing visibility of these issues
 We rally supporters and increase media visibility and awareness by highlighting these iconic landscapes threatened by drilling and mining and telling stories of the people fighting to protect them.
 3. Demonstrating public support
 We beat back the administration's push to hand our public lands over to the fossil fuel industry by demonstrating broad public support for protecting wild landscapes.


Assignment 3
Due: Thr, Dec 5, in class
Undergraduate students can work in teams of two students and can submit a single paper per team.
Any notation that is not explained is standard notation. Search google for the definition. 10 pts are assigned for each problem. Answers from undergraduate students are marked out of 30 points. Answers from graduate students are marked out of 50 points.
Problem 1: (Based on Problem 3.3 in the textbook) There are $n$ jobs to be scheduled on a single machine, where each job $j$ has a processing time $p_j$, a weight $w_j$, and a due date $d_j$, $j = 1, \ldots, n$. The objective is to schedule the jobs so as to maximize the total weight of the jobs that complete by their due date.
 1. First prove that there always exists an optimal schedule in which all on-time jobs complete before all late jobs, and the on-time jobs complete in an earliest due date order.
 2. Next, give a polynomial time algorithm that finds the optimal solution to the scheduling problem for the case when all weights are one, $w_j = 1$ for all $j = 1, \ldots, n$. Justify the time complexity of your algorithm.
Problem 2: Consider the scheduling problem with arbitrary weights from Problem 1. Show how to solve this problem using dynamic programming in $O(nW )$ time, where $W = \sum_{j=1}^n w_j$. Use this result to derive a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme for the problem.
Problem 3: (Problem 4.2 in the textbook) Consider the scheduling problem from Section 4.2 in the textbook but without release times. We must schedule jobs non-preemptively on a single machine to minimize the weighted sum of completion times $\sum_{j=1}^n w_j C_j$. Suppose that the jobs are indexed such that $\frac{w_1}{p_1} \ge \frac{w_2}{p_2}
\ge \ldots \ge \frac{w_n}{p_n}$. Then show it is optimal to schedule job 1 first, job 2 second, and so on. This scheduling rule is called Smith's rule.
Problem 4: Consider the Integer Programming formulation for the minimum cost complete matching problem in a bipartite graph from Exercise 4.6 in the text.
 1. Give an example of a bipartite graph for which there is no feasible solution to the integer programming formulation.
 2. Answer Question 4.6 a.
Problem 5: Answer Question 4.6 b.
Comments are closed.


Pre-mortem exercise
Identify the worst case scenarios earlier on to prevent future headaches
The context
Pre-mortem exercise offers a way to reflect on a project that just finished, discuss what went well and what didn't, and identify learnings for the future. What if the exercise was done before, to anticipate and discuss potential issues earlier on?
Co-design session - Educational Farms project with Regione Lombardia
Suggested approach
Pre-mortem exercise can be used to run a session with the core team of stakeholders at the beginning of a project, ideally during the initial kick-off meeting. The goal of the activity is to project the participants at the end of the project and collaboratively try to answer a simple question: "what went wrong?" by imagining to write the project epitaph.
Value added
Identify possible obstacles and problems at the beginning of the project is a way to avoid or reduce potential catastrophes. The playful approach of the epitaph gives the opportunity to voice unspoken risks and concerns; force the participants to use the past tense to refer to the project helps creating a distance that allows to more easily raise hidden worries.
Thinking ahead
A second step of the session could focus on ideas and recommendations to try to avoid the identified risks, creating a sort of manifesto for the project work that can accompany the team throughout the whole journey.
Explore similar best-practices


Pain in Both Arms?
Pain in both arms can occur simultaneously due to vigorous exercise. Many people schedule arm strength training on one day, then leg and ab strength training on other days. While switching out is important, it does mean that one muscle group at a time will feeling burning and some pain. If you feel pain in both arms, be sure to stretch and warm up properly, even before light exercising. This will decrease the possibility of pulling a muscle and hurting the arms.
Q&A Related to "Pain in Both Arms?"
Depending on which arm and where the pain is located in the arm there could be a large number of causes. Everything from pulled muscles, pinched nerves, RSD, carpal tunnel, to cardiac
1. Identify the source of your arm pain. Typing, playing a musical instrument, or gardening can cause a painful repetitive motion injury. Tennis or golf athletes are prone to overuse
IF the pain is on the same side as your little finger, then you are having trouble with your ulnar nerve. Do you work at a job where your elbows are on the table all the time? If
Could be a brachial plexus injury. Symptoms: burning sensation shoo...
Explore this Topic
Both your arm muscles could be aching due to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis or general fatigue. Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that causes pain and swelling...
What can cause bilaterial soreness in both breast and under both arms?...
Symptoms of conditions that cause upper arm pain are sharp and stabbing pains or throbbing dull pains. There are many possible causes of upper arm pain including...


text:
Bowiea volubilis, commonly known as the climbing onion, is a remarkable plant that enthralls botany enthusiasts with its unique characteristics and captivating beauty. Native to South Africa, this perennial succulent belongs to the Asparagaceae family and has gained popularity as an ornamental plant worldwide.
One of the most intriguing features of Bowiea volubilis is its climbing habit. Unlike typical onions that grow underground, this plant develops long, slender stems that twine and spiral around nearby objects. This climbing behavior, coupled with its lush green foliage, creates a mesmerizing sight as the plant gracefully weaves its way upward. As it matures, Bowiea volubilis can reach impressive heights, adding a touch of elegance to any garden or indoor space.
The leaves of Bowiea volubilis are thin and strap-like, giving it a delicate appearance. They emerge from the stems in clusters and are a vibrant shade of green, enhancing the plant's aesthetic appeal. During the growing season, the foliage remains evergreen, providing year-round visual interest. However, it's important to note that Bowiea volubilis goes through a natural period of dormancy, during which the leaves may wither and fall off. This dormant phase is temporary and should not cause concern.
One of the most enchanting aspects of Bowiea volubilis is its unique flowers. Small and star-shaped, these delicate blooms appear on long stalks, emerging from the base of the plant. The flowers vary in color, ranging from pale green to creamy white, and emit a subtle, pleasant fragrance. While each individual flower may be small, they often cluster together, creating a stunning display of floral beauty. These blossoms not only add charm to the plant but also attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, enhancing the biodiversity of the surrounding environment.
Cultivating Bowiea volubilis requires some specific care considerations. It thrives in well-draining soil, and a sandy or loamy mix is recommended. Adequate sunlight is essential for healthy growth, so placing the plant in a bright location is ideal. However, it's important to protect Bowiea volubilis from intense, direct sunlight, as it can scorch the delicate foliage. Regular watering is necessary during the growing season, but it's crucial to allow the soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
As an indoor plant, Bowiea volubilis brings a touch of elegance and natural beauty to any space. It can be grown in containers or hanging baskets, allowing the vines to cascade gracefully. Its climbing nature also makes it an excellent choice for vertical gardens or trellises, adding a unique touch to vertical green spaces.
Whether you're an avid plant collector or simply appreciate the wonders of nature, Bowiea volubilis is a captivating addition to any botanical collection. Its climbing habit, attractive foliage, and delicate flowers make it a true delight for both seasoned horticulturists and plant enthusiasts alike. Embrace the enchantment of Bowiea volubilis and invite the intriguing world of the climbing onion into your own green oasis.


Laser Cavity with a Thin Lens
Application ID: 59571
In this model, two flat end mirrors are placed at a distance and a spherical lens is inserted in the middle of the cavity. A ray is released from a point inside the cavity. Then the ray is traced for a predefined time period that is sufficiently long. Ray tracing continues until the predefined computation time has passed if the laser cavity is stable while the ray gets out of the cavity relatively sooner if not. A parametric study demonstrates how the cavity length changes the cavity stability and compares the stability result with the ABCD matrix theory.
This model example illustrates applications of this type that would nominally be built using the following products:


text:
Research Topics in MANETs
Tuesday, October 17, 2006, 11:15am - Tuesday, October 17, 2006, 12:30pm
Palanivel Kodeswaran will discuss a paper on cooperative caching in MANETs. Consistency of Cooperative Caching in Mobile Peer-to-Peer Systems over MANET details a proposed approach called Relay Peer-based Caching Consistency (RPCC) for reducing communication overhead and query latency. The approach adaptively deals with differing cache consistency requirements. Simulation results show a performance increase over traditional push and pull based strategies.
Jim Parker will present an overview of research for intrusion detection in MANETs. Due to the dynamic nature of MANETs, nodes are given the responsibility of routing traffic within the network. Malicious nodes have ample opportunity to modify, mis-route, or drop packets, along with various other network abuses. Intrusion detection attempts to locate malicious nodes, but becomes difficult due to mobility, and environmental characteristics of wireless networks. Research presented includes detection methods as well as new work applying to battlefield MANETs.


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Ole Panton's Seks-tre-pendel
One of the more elusive lights produced by Lyfa in the 1960s is the Seks-tre-pendel (pictured below, left), an unorthodox creation by Ole Panton. Born in Fyn, Denmark in October 1938 when his brother Verner was 12 years old, Ole followed in his sibling's footsteps to became an architect and designer, and initially made his mark in the design of children's playgrounds. His first commission was for Bispebjerg Hospital's child psychiatric clinic, where he created what was considered to be an entirely new type of playground, offering inspiration for both children and their educators.
In the mid 1960s, together with Louis Weisdorf, Ole Panton helped to found Det Lille Teater, a children's theatre in Copenhagen. The pair led the refurbishment and decoration of the theatre premises in Lavendelstraede, putting to use seats that had been removed from the Glassalen in Tivoli Gardens and were about to be thrown away. It is an interesting coincidence that Panton's Seks-tre-pendel and Weisdorf's Ekko (below, right) were both produced by Lyfa in the late 60s, and that the two lights were jointly advertised. The only mention of lighting in Weisdorf's account of the creation of Det Lille Teater is that Louis Poulsen donated a number of PH lamps to the project, but the unconventional and theatrical character of these two lights leads us to wonder whether their origins might lie in the Lille Teater project.


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ndexes are Oracle database objects that provide a fast, efficient method of retrieving data from database tables. The physical addresses of required rows can be retrieved from indexes much more efficiently than by reading the entire table. Effective indexing usually results in significant improvements to SQL performance too.
Oracle's default index structure is B*-tree, which stands for "Balanced tree." It has a hierarchical tree structure. At the top is the header. This block contains pointers to the appropriate branch block for any given range of key values. The branch block points either to another branch block, if the index is big, or to an appropriate leaf block. Finally, the leaf block contains a list of key values and physical addresses (ROWIDs) of rows in the database.
Theoretically, any row in a table, even a big one, could be retrieved in a maximum of three or four I/Os (input/output operations): one header block, one or two branch block(s), and one leaf block.
Oracle indexes are not self-balancing. They become fragmented after a large number of INSERTs and DELETEs, which may lead to significant performance degradation. In this 10-Minute Solution I show you how to detect these "out-of-shape" indexes and cure them.
How do you prevent Oracle indexes from becoming fragmented?
Use a PL/SQL stored procedure to detect out-of-balance indexes and rebuild them by utilizing index statistics from the INDEX_STATS view. Run it periodically to keep indexes in your database in good shape.


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About the Project
This project seeks to improve the resiliency of coastal communities by better understanding the trade-offs in single family residential (SFR) building design that is preferred for reduction of flood hazard exposure (via elevation) but, simultaneously, increasing exposure to wind-related hazards. Because flooding caused so much damage during Sandy, the adaptive response has been to change zoning regulations and building codes to require, in certain locations, elevation of single-family homes above new higher flood levels. For example, in Fairfield where flooding damaged thousands of homes, 48 single-family residences are now elevated with additional SFR elevations already in the planning stages. While elevating homes minimizes flood risk, these newly elevated homes may now be at greater risk from exposure to damaging winds.
Complicating wind hazard exposures in Connecticut and other New England regions are SFR building designs which tend to be multiple stories high (e.g., typical colonial) with steeply sloping roofs. These typical design elements exacerbate the potential risk from wind damage because building height and roof slope increase wind loads. And, while existing SFR homes must be elevated, no wind retrofit design elements are required to be installed during the elevation process. The question coastal communities' must consider is, do SFR elevation requirements without consideration of additional wind load exposure make their community more (or less) resilient? This project's goal is to help coastal communities answer this question by exploring the tradeoffs between flood and wind risks.
To evaluate these trade-offs, damage assessment methodologies for coastal communities under wind and flood hazards will be built and applied to real-world residential buildings in Fairfield and Milford. Deliverables include design parameters for new and retrofit SFR, such as recommended elevation height of low rise buildings to avoid flood hazard, building type or roof type and slope and educational materials on wind/flood hazard and recommendations to improve coastal community resiliency.
Resilient Coastal Communities Under Wind and Flood Hazards Report
Connecticut Sea Grant Research Awards
Funding for this project is provided by the NOAA Regional Coastal Resilience Grants under the NOAA Office for Coastal Management.
- Wei Zhang, UConn Civil & Environmental Engineering (Project Lead)
- Christine Kirchhoff, UConn Civil & Environmental Engineering
- Juliana Barrett, CT Sea Grant, Extension
This project is a part of the following topical areas:


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Summary: This article will take you through a couple of ways to recover Google Chrome History on Windows 10/8/7. The article will also talk about the best tool for data recovery.
Google Chrome is a web browser which is used all over the world due to its simple interface and decent speed. One of the functionalities of this browser is that it saves the history of the searched web pages, just the way other web browsers does. Search history is instrumental as it saves both effort and time by eliminating the need to type in the complete address/name of the web page that you opened in the past. Besides, it also helps in getting back to the webpage/website, which was lost accidentally or mistakenly.
Nevertheless, there can be a case when Google chrome history gets deleted due to any random reason. When this happens, you cannot go back to the pages/websites that were opened on your computer system.
There is no need to worry if you ever come across this issue as this article will explain you some of the most straightforward solutions to overcome this issue along with the best method to recover Google Chrome history with the support of a professional recovery tool.
Why causes the need to recover Google chrome history?
- Google chrome history deleted by mistake/accident.
- Google Chrome changed to another version.
Methods to recover Google chrome history:
There are many solutions which can help restore google chrome history quickly. We have listed some of the most convenient solutions to do so!
Solution1: Recover from the Recycle Bin
Step1: Go to Recycle Bin and check whether the deleted web history files/folders are located there?
Step2: If you can locate the Chrome history files in Recycle Bin, then, select those files by clicking on them. After this, select the "Restore" option from the context menu to restore the history.
If you cannot find the deleted history in the recycle bin folder, this means that the history has been deleted permanently.
Solution2: by using DNS Cache
To apply this method, make sure not to turn off/shut down your computer system after history is being deleted.
Step1: Open command prompt by going to the start menu and then typing "cmd" in the search box.
Step 2: After launching the command prompt, input "ipconfig /displaydns" command and press Enter to execute it.
Step3: Wait for a while for the command to be executed entirely.
After the command is executed, the search history will be displayed on the screen, from where you can search/find what you need.
Solution3: Recover Chrome History with the help of Cookies
Step1: Launch Google Chrome and move the cursor to the upper right corner of the page and select the "More" option. This will let you control and customize the web browser.
Step2: Go to Settings option and scroll to the bottom of the page and click on the "Advanced" settings button.
Step3: Select "Site Settings" located under the Privacy and Security section.
Step4: After this, you will be able to see Cookies at the top.
Step5: Select Cookies by clicking on it and start finding the information you want.
Bonus Tips: If you have no idea how to locate the Cookie Settings, please just copy and paste this command: chrome://settings/siteData to the Chrome's Address bar.
Solution4: Recover Google Chrome History with My activity
Step1: Launch "_URL_" and in the given search box type "My Activity".
Step2: Select and open the first result "myactivity.google.com".
Step3: Now, login with your Google account.
Step4: Doing this will let you see all your activities and the information related to it. Navigate to the information required by you and recover the lost history.
Solution5: Recover Chrome History using Bitwar Data Recovery
Try this method if you are unable to recover the history using the above methods as it's a sure shot solution to recover any kind of data. Bitwar Data Recovery is well designed recovery software for all type of data recovery needs. It works flawlessly to retrieve even the permanently deleted history.
Generally, the Chrome's history files saved in this path: C:\Users\(username)\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\local storage, however, if you've changed the installation path, please enter this command: Chrome://version to the Chrome's address bar to locate the exact profile path.
After that, we can then launch Bitwar Data Recovery Software to start history file recovery.
Step1: Open the official website "https://www.r-datarecovery" to download the software.
Step2: After downloading, install the recovery software and launch it on your device.
Step3: Select C partition or other partition that has the Chrome history file. And then click on "Next".
Step4: Choose Quick Scan mode and then select "Other types", after that, click on the "Scan" button.
Step5: Locate the history file path from the left Path panel and find the folder.
Step6: Select the folder and then hit on the "Recover" button.
Applying this solution will restore all your web browser history.
Other Solutions worth a try
Solution6: Use the System Restore Feature
Step1: Right-click on "This PC" and then hit on "Properties".
Step2: Turn to "System Protection" or "System Restore" tab.
Step3: Click on "System Restore" button to restore.
Web browser history can play an essential role in the lives of ardent computer users as it removes the need to search for the website/web page by typing its complete address and name, therefore, saving both your time and effort.
But what if you lose all your web history due to reasons like history deleted by mistake and history deleted because of upgrading the web browser?
Well, whatever be the reason for the Google Chrome history to be deleted, the above-given solutions will surely help you in restoring it. You can apply any of the given methods to Recover Google Chrome History. But, we recommend opting for a technique that will guarantee results.
Bitwar Data Recovery software is one such recovery tool that provides quality and expected results. It can recover any kind of data such as images, audios, videos, documents, etc. from any device such as internal & external hard drive, SD card, and USB flash drive. The software is extremely simple to use and can run on both Mac and Windows operating system.
So, choose the best method depending on your requirement to recover Google Chrome history and save both your time and effort while continuing browsing happily!


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99% Invisible: Uncovering the dusty galaxies which lie beneath the confusion noise floor
If you have a question about this talk, please contact ma557.
The vast majority of the infrared-emitting galaxies which make up the cosmic infrared background are unresolved due to confusion noise. I will present techniques to uncover key properties of this confused population, namely their average flux densities and clustering behavior, and show recent results from HerMES. Lastly, I will present two new Herschel/SPIRE fields, 150deg2 of which overlap with the SDSS Stripe 82, along with anticipated science topics.
This talk is part of the Institute of Astronomy Galaxies Discussion Group series.
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Other listswomen@CL Speaker Lunch Series Cambridge Social Ontology Group (CSOG) Cambridge Carbon Footprint
Other talksTBC In search of the snow leopard in Ladakh, in winter Festival of Ideas: From the Selfish Me to the Selfless Self CGHR Research Group Towards understanding the role of HLA-DRB1 in human susceptibility to Leishmania donovani infection Refugees and the Urban Poor: Marginality, Control, and Politics in Two Palestinian Enclaves


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The Prague Institute of Planning and Development (IPR) is responsible for municipal urban planning and has developed a 3D city model for this purpose.
As a result of a tender, IPR has now decided to use CityGRID software from UVM Systems to continue and manage the model.
The IPR particularly appreciates CityGRID's tools for automated repair of the existing city model, as well as efficient 3D refurbishment and texturing of building models.
For the presentation of the 3D city model on the web, the IPR uses the system virtualcitySUITE of the company virtualcitySYSTEMS.
The smooth transfer of 3D data is done with help of the CityGML interface of CityGRID.


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technique will help minimize any blurring caused by camera shake or subject movement.
|Key Tips for Utilizing In-Camera or Lens Stabilization:
|1. Enable stabilization feature in camera settings
|2. Experiment with different stabilization settings
|3. Carry spare batteries or a portable charger
|4. Understand the capabilities and limitations of your lens stabilization
|5. Increase ISO in low light situations or when capturing fast-moving subjects
By making the most of in-camera or lens stabilization, you can confidently venture into the world of backpacking photography knowing that you have the tools to capture stunning images without being weighed down by heavy equipment. Experiment with different techniques and settings, and remember to always prioritize the creation of visually captivating pictures.
Capture Candid Moments: Bringing Life to Your Travel Photography
Unleash the true essence of your travel experiences through candid moments captured with your camera lens. In this section, we explore the art of bringing life to your travel photography by focusing on the spontaneity and authenticity that candid shots can offer.
1. Embrace the Unexpected: Candid moments are all about capturing the unplanned and unposed. By embracing the unpredictable nature of travel, you open up endless opportunities to capture genuine emotions, reactions, and interactions. Allow yourself to be in the right place at the right time, ready to seize that split-second moment.
2. Blend In with the Surroundings: To capture truly candid shots, it's essential to blend in and become part of the environment. Avoid standing out conspicuously with your camera, instead immerse yourself in the scene and observe the world around you. By doing so, you'll be able to capture the raw beauty of candid moments without your subjects feeling conscious or affected by your presence.
3. Pay Attention to Details: Candid shots can reveal hidden stories and emotions in the smallest of details. Observe the nuances in people's expressions, gestures, and body language. Look for the intricate details that often go unnoticed but can add depth and storytelling to your images. A hand reaching out, a stolen glance, or a fleeting smile can hold immense power in conveying the authenticity of a moment.
4. Use Discreet Camera Settings: To not disrupt the natural flow of your surroundings, opt for silent shutter mode and disable any artificial sounds or intrusive focusing lights on your camera. This way, you can blend seamlessly into your surroundings and capture candid moments without drawing unnecessary attention.
5. Capture Unique Perspectives: Experiment with different angles and compositions to bring a fresh perspective to your candid photography. Make use of low camera angles, shoot from unusual vantage points, or frame your subject within interesting surroundings to add visual interest and impact to your images.
6. Patience is Key: Candid moments often require patience and anticipation. Be willing to wait for the perfect moment, and don't be afraid to capture multiple shots to ensure you capture the essence of the moment. Patience can be rewarded with extraordinary shots that transport viewers into the heart of your travel experiences.
7. Tell a Story: Candid photography is not just about capturing a single moment but creating a visual narrative. Look for connections between people, objects, and the environment to tell a story through your images. A series of candid shots can offer a rich tapestry of emotions and experiences that transport viewers to the heart of your travel adventures.
8. Edit with Purpose: When editing your candid shots, strive to enhance the authenticity and emotion captured in the moment. Avoid over-processing or altering the natural elements of the image. Instead, focus on enhancing the colors, contrast, and clarity to ensure the true essence of the candid moment shines through.
By embracing the art of capturing candid moments, you'll not only bring your travel photography to life but also create a visual diary filled with genuine and unforgettable memories.
Blend In and Observe to Frame Authentic Stories
Immerse yourself in the local culture and surroundings to capture unique and meaningful moments during your backpacking photography adventures. By blending in and observing your surroundings, you have the opportunity to frame authentic stories and showcase the true essence of your travel experiences.
When exploring a new destination, take the time to observe the locals and their way of life. By blending in with the crowd, you become less conspicuous and can photograph natural, candid moments without disturbing the scene. Pay attention to the small details that portray the authenticity of a place, such as the local cuisine, traditional clothing, or daily rituals.
- Immerse yourself in the local culture
- Observe without disturbing the scene
- Capture candid moments
- Highlight small details
Another important aspect of blending in is respecting the privacy and boundaries of the people you photograph. Always seek permission before taking someone's picture, especially if they are engaged in personal or private activities. This shows respect for their culture and allows you to build a connection with the subjects, resulting in more authentic and emotionally charged photographs.
By developing the skill of blending in and observing, you can not only capture stunning images but also tell powerful and genuine stories through your photographs. Remember, it's not just about the technical aspects of photography, but also about the ability to connect with your subjects and uncover the hidden narratives within a place.
Be Patient and Ready to Capture Fleeting Moments
In the fast-paced world of backpacking photography, capturing those elusive and fleeting moments can be a true test of patience and preparedness. As a photographer, you must be ready at all times to seize the perfect opportunity when it presents itself.
It is crucial to remain observant and attentive, as these fleeting moments may occur unexpectedly and in the blink of an eye. Having a keen eye for detail is essential in order to notice and appreciate the beauty in the smallest of things.
Being patient is key when it comes to capturing these fleeting moments. It may take hours or even days of waiting in order to capture that one perfect shot. Patience allows you to embrace the present moment and be fully present in your surroundings, anticipating the magic that could unfold at any given time.
Additionally, being prepared is equally important. This includes having your camera within easy reach, with the settings adjusted and ready to go. Carrying essential equipment and accessories in a compact and lightweight manner is crucial for a backpacking photographer, as it allows for easier mobility and lessens the chance of missing out on those fleeting moments.
Remember, photography is not just about capturing a moment, but about immortalizing emotions and memories. By being patient and ready to capture those fleeting moments, you have the power to create stunning and meaningful photographs that will leave a lasting impression.
Post-Processing on the Go: Editing Your Backpacking Photos
Enhancing the visual appeal of your backpacking photos can greatly amplify the memories you've captured. In this section, we will explore the art of post-processing on the go, allowing you to edit your backpacking photos right from the convenience of your travel adventures. By utilizing simple yet effective techniques, you can transform your snapshots into stunning, professional-looking images, all while keeping your gear lightweight and portable.
1. Embracing Mobile Editing Apps
When you're exploring remote locations, carrying bulky equipment is not always feasible. Fortunately, with the advent of powerful mobile editing apps, you can edit your backpacking photos directly on your smartphone or tablet. Look for apps that offer a wide range of editing features, such as cropping, adjusting exposure, altering colors, and applying filters. These apps allow you to make quick and impactful edits, achieving impressive results with minimal effort.
2. Mastering the Basics of Photo Editing
Even with limited resources, it's essential to understand the fundamental principles of photo editing. Familiarize yourself with concepts such as brightness, contrast, saturation, and sharpness, as they play a crucial role in bringing out the best in your backpacking photos. Experiment with adjustments to enhance the overall composition, highlight key elements, and create a compelling visual narrative.
3. Presets and Filters for Efficiency
To streamline your editing process while traveling, take advantage of presets and filters. These pre-programmed settings allow you to apply specific styles or themes with a single click, saving you time and effort. Experiment with different presets and filters to find the ones that align with your creative vision and enhance the mood of your backpacking photos.
4. Prioritizing Storage and Backup
As you capture and edit your backpacking photos on the go, it's crucial to prioritize storage and backup solutions. Bring portable external hard drives or cloud storage devices to ensure you have enough space to store your images without compromising quality. Additionally, regularly back up your edited photos to protect them from loss or accidental deletion.
5. Keeping the Essence of the Moment
While editing is essential to refine and enhance your backpacking photos, it's equally important to maintain the authenticity and essence of the moment. Avoid over-editing and excessive alterations that may distort the true atmosphere or emotions captured in the image. Strive for a balance between enhancing the visual appeal and preserving the originality of your backpacking experience.
By incorporating these post-processing techniques into your backpacking photography workflow, you can elevate the quality of your photos without compromising on portability. Embrace the convenience of mobile editing apps, embrace the art of photo editing, and remember to preserve the essence of your travel adventures as you take stunning photographs along the way.
Utilize Mobile Apps for Quick and Easy Editing
Incorporating the use of mobile apps into your backpacking photography journey can greatly enhance the efficiency and creativity of your editing process. By leveraging the power of mobile technology, you can easily and swiftly edit your photos on the go, without the need for heavy equipment or complicated software. These apps provide a plethora of features and tools that allow you to enhance the visual appeal of your images, ensuring that