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voestalpine treats all local ecosystems at its production facilities responsibly and contributes actively to the maintenance of biodiversity.
For example, some 20,000 m² of flower pastures were created in Linz, the Group's largest production site. The resulting wildflower pasture provides an additional source of food for many types of insects—especially bees. "Insect hotels" also provide breeding spaces for rare species. A project for establishing and managing several bee colonies at the site is currently being implemented; voestalpine employees with many years of beekeeping experience take care of them.


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CAD drawing of LOTUS, deployed on the Liverpool Telescope in July 2015.
© 2015 Iain Steele & Stuart Bates
LOTUS was decommissioned in mid January 2019. The information presented here is for historical purposes only.
LOTUS (LOw-cosT Ultraviolet Spectrograph) is a low resolution optical-near UV spectrograph. The design is very simple, with no moving parts. It provides wavelength coverage from 3200 to 6300 Angstroms at a dispersion of 4.7 Angstroms/pixel. The slit has "narrow" (2.5 arcsec x 95 arcsec) and "wide" (5 arcsec x 25 arcsec) regions to allow optimal spectral resolution or flux calibration.
There are no arc lamps for wavelength calibration. A default wavelength calibration based on arc and twilight sky data taken during commissioning is applied to all data and is thought to be good to better than 10 Angstroms. If a better calibration is required, observers will need to specify observations of a source on-sky which contains emission or absorption lines of a known wavelength, and derive their own calibration.
- Starlight Xpress SX35 CCD Camera operated in 4x4 binning mode giving 1008 x 672 pixels
- CCD Read Noise = 23 electrons rms
- CCD Operating Temperature = -20°C (253K)
- CCD Gain = 1.1 electrons / ADU
- CCD Readout Time 10 seconds
- Spatial Pixel Scale = 0.6 arcsec/pixel
- Dispersion = 4.7 arcsec/pixel
- "Narrow" Slit = 2.5 x 95 arcsec
- "Wide" Slit = 5 x 25 arcsec
Sensitivity & Saturation
An object of magnitude V=17 will give 1 photon per second per pixel at the peak of the spectrograph sensitivity at around 4100 Angstroms. Users should be aware of the high readout noise however, which will dominate noise statistics until quite high numbers of photons (greater than 1000) are reached.
Detector saturation occurs around 30,000 photons.
There are a significant number of hot pixels on the CCD which saturate in exposures longer than 300 seconds. To allow their accurate subtraction by library dark frames, observations longer than 300 seconds should be split into multiple exposures.
In general, unless you are interested in wavelengths below 4100 Angstroms, SPRAT will always be a better choice than LOTUS. The plot below shows the relative flux rates in photons per second per 4.7 Angstrom pixel from LOTUS (in purple) and the blue and red optimized modes of SPRAT for the spectrophotometric standard star BD+33 2642.
Acquisition onto the spectrograph slit uses the same method as FRODOSpec, where images of the field taken with IO:O are used to offset the telescope pointing to a "magic pixel" which corresponds to the LOTUS slit. More details can be found at the FRODOSpec acquisition section .
The acquisition overhead for LOTUS (slewing plus moving the target onto the slit) is 4 minutes. The readout overhead is 10 seconds.
In order to align the slit vertically (so that the effects of differential atmospheric refraction are reduced) the telescope mount angle must be set to 11 degrees (as per SPRAT).
A single spectrophotometric standard observation is performed on any nights that are anticipated to offer photometric clarity. This provides routine monitoring of overall system throughput and stability and the exposures are available to all observers. A single standard observation is not sufficient for precision spectrophotometry and will not, for example, allow derivation of a night-specific atmospheric absorption. Users requiring a higher level of photometric or atmospheric calibration must schedule their required standards from their own time allocation.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Performance of fractioned and nonfractioned equalizers with time-variant selective fading in digital radio-links
Document typeConference report
PublisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Rights accessOpen Access
This paper presents a computer simulation based study of the tracking behavior of a decision-feedback equalizer coupled to a carrier-recovery loop in the presence of dynamic multipath fading activity. Free interaction between the two adaptive devices is allowed. 16, 64 and 256 QAM modulation schemes have been analyzed. Minimum phase <-> Non minimum phase type fading transitions are studied since they are highly constraining events for the system performance. Comparative results considering baud and fractionally spaced equalizers are presented.
CitationOlmos, J., Casadevall, F. Performance of fractioned and nonfractioned equalizers with time-variant selective fading in digital radio-links. A: IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems. "ICCS 1990: Communication systems: towards global integration: Singapore ICC'90: 5-9 November 1990, Pan Pacific Singapore". Singapore: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 1990, p. 812-816.
All rights reserved. This work is protected by the corresponding intellectual and industrial property rights. Without prejudice to any existing legal exemptions, reproduction, distribution, public communication or transformation of this work are prohibited without permission of the copyright holder


= findobj(gca,'Type','text','String','\pi/2');
finds the string π/2 only within the current axes.
Using findobj as an Argument
Because findobj returns the handles it finds, you can use it in place of the handle argument. For example,
finds all red lines and sets their line style to dotted.
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2, 1830 – December 9, 1921)
J. [Jared] Bliss
Sidney J. Bliss was born in Borset, Vermont, September 2, 1830, and departed this life, December 9, 1921, in Long Beach California. He was the youngest of a family of 12 [actually 14] children, of David and Samantha Bliss, who moved to Michigan with their family in 1848, and settled on section nine, Riley Township, Clinton county, Michigan, then a dense wilderness. Here he grew up to manhood and helped clear away the forest and endured the hardships of the early settlers. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he enlisted in Co. G. 23rd Michigan infantry. He was wounded in action, but joined his regiment as soon as his wounds were healed and served to the end of the war with distinction and was honorably discharged in May 1865. He came home and settled on his farm on section nine Riley Township. In 1867, he was married to Helen Jones of the same place. Five children were born to this union. In the spring of 1890, the family moved to Lansing, Michigan, where the mother died in the fall of 1896. In October 1907, he went to Long Beach, California where he taught music until his age no longer permitted. After leaving his farm in Riley Township he devoted his time to music. His home was always an attraction to lovers of music, for the entire family of seven were musicians. The family will be well remembered by the music loving public of Lansing.
The remains were brought to Lansing, where short funeral services were held at the home of Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Davenport, 223 S. Walnut Street, a niece of Mr. Bliss. Rev. G. H. Ashworth of First Universalist church, officiating. Interment in Mt. Hope. He is survived by his five sons. Dean, Irvin, and Earl of Detroit, Michigan, Roy of Toledo, Ohio, and Herman of Long Beach, California, and one brother, Henry W. Bliss, of Riley, Clinton County, and a host of other relatives and friends.


Maths question - testing related datasets
Hello people,
I have 3 sets of XY data. In each dataset as you advance in increasing X direction the Y values are scattered above and below the X axis in what appears to be a random fashion. When you plot the 3 datasets at once the scattering looks related. That is, at each X sample point the 3 Y values look to be similarly distributed. How do I test one dataset's relatedness to the next dataset? And how do I express that relatedness?
As the data in each set is sampled at the same X values as the others I had a mind to run a linear regression through a series of coordinates made of Y(set 1),Y(set 2), and then the other 2 combinations of Y values. My educational background only dealt with fitting trends to singular datasets, but not comparing one set of data to another. And I wouldn't know how to express relatedness.
Thanks for any replies


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Centre for Applied Network Research
Following are brief descriptions of selected projects conducted under MAGGIE - Measurement and Analysis of the Global Grid and Internet End-to-End Performance.
Project Details Documentation Executables / Binaries Source Code
TULIP - Trilateration Utility for Locating IP Addresses
TULIP is a Java application being developed by the MAGGIE-NS team from the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Institute of Information Technology (NIIT) and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Internet End-to-end Performance Monitoring (IEPM) project. TULIP's purpose is to geolocate a specified target host (identified by IP name or address) using ping RTT delay measurements to the target from reference landmark hosts whose positions are well known. Knowing the speed of light in fiber or copper (roughly 0.6*c, we use 1ms. is equivalent to 100km), the minimum ping RTT measurement from each landmark site gives a rough estimate of the fibre + copper cable distance of the landmark from the target host. Lateration is applied on these distance estimates to estimate the position of the specified host on the globe.
ViPER - Visualization for PingER
ViPER (Visualization for PingER) is an interactive Java application being developed by the MAGGIE-NS team from the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Institute of Information Technology (NIIT) and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Internet End-to-end Performance Monitoring (IEPM) project. ViPER's purpose is to visually present the location of all the PingER nodes on the world map, show links between PingER Monitoring and Remote nodes and provide visual representation of all the data monitored by PingER.
Federation - SmokePing PingER Integration
The main goals of this project are to build a federation of measurement infrastructures so that latency measurements (historical and recent) can be shared, best practices among several measurement infrastructures can be adopted, the need for sites to deploy multiple infrastructures to gain all the available benefits be reduced and different analysis and visualization techniques be applied to yield more ubiquitous coverage and new insights. This project "Federation-SmokePing, PingER Integration" serves the main 'MAGGIE Project' and deals with the integration of two network latency measurement tools namely SmokePing and PingER. The objectives of the project include:
- Study and evaluate SmokePing and PingER to understand how they work, and their pros and cons.
- Extend the capability of SmokePing to derive parameters/metrics not currently supported such as ping unreachability, jitter, derived TCP throughput, etc.
- Provide the ability to select and visualize these new metrics. Feed the modifications to SmokePing back into the development base.
- Modify PingER to enable it to utilize the SmokePing time series visualization tool.
- Evaluate and provide the ability to feed SmokePing data to the Pinger analysis/visualization toolkit, so we can use the PingER aggregation techniques to characterize performance by regions, or affinity groups.
Network Weather Forecasting
Distributed applications are increasingly dependant on the reliability and performance of networks. This issue is prominent over international collaborations. Computer networks often suffer with sudden change in performance due to various reasons. The current approach of network measurement and diagnosis is generally reactive by manually viewing graphs and tables of analyzed measures and results. We assume that an automated approach to forecast and detect events can serve network engineers and administrators better to identify network problems. Thus we aim to forecast values of network performance into future with reasonable confidence by employing techniques of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models, sometimes called Box-Jenkins models (ARMA).
Toplogical Analysis and Network Performance Visualization
The project is to contribute to production software packages that will facilitate the identification of network performance scheduling , monitoring, event detection and visualization. In particular, PathNeck (an opensource tool developed jointly by AT&T and CMU ) has been identified as a useful network monitoring tool that we wish to implement and extrapolate information from. It combines traceroute information with throughput information from packet train deductions.
Anomaly Detection and (Event) Diagnosis
Event Diagnosis is the next step after Event Detection. IEPM group has established a large infrastruture for network performance measurment all over the world. This infrasture provides near real time network performance related data. IEPM group has developed analysis techniques and tools that detect drop in performance. Event Diagnosis project is aimed at finding out the cause of performance drop. So it is a sub-system under IEPM-BW being developed over Event Detection. Current work is being carried out by a team of researchers at SLAC but given the nature and evident benfits of project it is expected to expand quickly.
Netflow Presentation Frontend
The server side code is primarily a means to dynamically gather and present base components of the frontend; for example to display the statistics of from the BNL site to say SLAC. Much work needs to be conducted to expand the presentation consistency and to iron the bugs in the implementation.
Using the above prototype as a framework, learn and use AJAX technologies and methodologies to improve the user experience of the netflow visualisation and offer suggestions of how to better represent the netflow data.
PingER Route Visualizer using Traceroutes
Visualizing topology graphs can be very useful for seeing and demonstrating how direct or indirect routing is between countries (often routing between countries close to one another in developing regions can go via Europe or the US). It is also useful to discover hosts whose location is not properly known. This script generates topology graphs of traceroute data of a particular region/group of countries in the Guthrie database.
PingER Host Searcher
Increasing the coverage of PingER in developing countries has been difficult so far because it is hard to find hosts which are geographically located within those countries and do not block pings. The usual method of searching for hosts on Google using the top level domain of such countries has proven to be tedious and time consuming task. The PingER host searcher is an attempt to solve this problem.
PerfSONAR is a distributed network monitoring protocol that utilises the power of XML and Web-services. In this realm, it is very important that network managers and users can get a feel for the data that the the services provide.
This project focusses on developing advanced visualisation tools that will leverage the power of PerfSONAR such that Network Operation Centers, Network Managers and others can quickly, efficiently and logically drill down to understand network performances etc.
AMP PingER Integration
This project aims to develop a script that allows the conversion of AMP data to PingER and vice versa. This is to faciliate analysis that may be performed using tools developed for either of the formats.
Web based visualization for PingER
This project deals with the visualization of PingER monitoring, These sites are mapped as circles on a world map according to their latitude and longitude values, when any of the them is clicked a webpage showing the detailed information about the node is dynamically generated using the script dbprac.pl. Green circles represent remote sites,blue sites represent beacon sites and red circles represent monitoring sites.
PingER Executive Plots
The aim of this project is to create long-term summary plots of PingER historical data. These plots may be bar charts, line charts or trend line charts of PingER data overtime
The PingER project has been gathering historical data for various countries/regions for over 7 years. There was a need to design a software which could provide summary plots of this data. These plots need to be dynamic and adjustable in order to enable the user to analyze the data as he desires. In addition the software must be extendable to include new capabilities and functionalities as required. The software developed has been categorized into loss-quality and trendlines.
The aim of the PingER management project is to create an application, that can automatically test the pingER software and report errors to the administrators.


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They are small and unassuming, so can dogs eat bean sprouts? This guide will tell you what you need to know.
They are a tasty addition to Chinese food and guinea pigs love them, but what about your furry friends? Can dogs eat bean sprouts?
As dog owners, we care deeply about our dog's diet. When you are looking at sprouts for dogs, there are a lot of choices and not a lot of information. Keep reading and I'll share all you need to know about bean sprouts and your dog's health.
For ultimate pet safety, please ask your vet any questions you have regarding your dog eating bean sprouts.
- What Are Bean Sprouts
- Can Dogs Eat Bean Sprouts
- Are Bean Sprouts Good For Dogs
- Are Bean Sprouts Bad For Dogs
- Benefits of Bean Sprouts
- Can Dogs Eat Mung Bean Sprouts
- Can Dogs Eat Raw Bean Sprouts
- Can Dogs Eat Bean Sprouts Leaves
- Can Dogs Eat Cooked Bean Sprouts
- Can Dogs Eat Alfalfa Sprouts
- Can Dogs Eat Barley Sprouts
- Final Thoughts
- More Dog Food Resources
What Are Bean Sprouts
Bean sprouts are crunchy and low-calorie vegetables that people use on salads, in Asian pasta dishes, and in lots of other recipes.
They are not known as cruciferous vegetables and should not be confused with Brussels sprouts.
The most common type of bean sprouts used is grown by sprouting Mung beans. They are basically the early germination of beans, or otherwise known as edible bean shoots.
Can Dogs Eat Bean Sprouts
Yes, the good news is that dogs can eat bean sprouts. In fact, bean sprouts are nutritious and beneficial for your dog's health.
Some dogs are sensitive to fiber and too much in one day might cause gas or diarrhea.
More than likely your dog will be just fine eating some bean sprouts.
Are Bean Sprouts Good For Dogs
Yes, bean sprouts are actually really good for dogs. In fact, even a small amount of them can help support the prevention of liver disease and even kidney disease.
If you don't know how your dog will react to them, the best way to introduce it to them is to give a small amount of bean sprouts on their food and see what they do.
Some dogs will gobble them up without a problem and other pups are pickier, refusing to touch them.
Are Bean Sprouts Bad For Dogs
Even though it's not likely that they will have an adverse reaction, it's always a chance you take when you give them something new to eat.
How they react mostly depends on how much bean sprouts they eat at once.
Since they are higher in fiber, the most that will happen is probably some gas and the urge to go poop. Still, it's a good idea to watch for any signs of bad reactions and if you notice your dog having one, contact your local veterinarian.
Benefits of Bean Sprouts
There are lots of health benefits of bean sprouts for both humans and our fur babies. These are the most important ones.
Bean sprouts have the following beneficial nutrients in them:
- Vitamin A
- Vitmain B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin K
- Amino Acids
They are beneficial for your dog's immune system, skin, eyes, bones, and digestive system.
Can Dogs Eat Mung Bean Sprouts
The most common type of bean sprouts that you'll find in the grocery store is made from mung beans. Yes, they are safe for your dogs and even make a healthy treat.
Can Dogs Eat Raw Bean Sprouts
Yes, raw bean sprouts are a healthy snack for dogs. As long as you feed your dog a well-balanced diet, raw bean sprouts make a healthy addition to it.
Remember, too many will make your dog gassy, so carefully moderate how much they eat.
Can Dogs Eat Bean Sprouts Leaves
Yes, a small portion of bean sprout leaves is safe for dogs to eat.
The leaves have more fiber in them, so it might affect your dog's digestive system by making them gassy.
Can Dogs Eat Cooked Bean Sprouts
Yes, cooked bean sprouts are a healthy treat for your dog. As long as they are cooked plain, without any salt, garlic, onion, or spicy sauces, they are safe to give your pet.
Large amounts of bean sprouts – even cooked – might give your dog gas, so be careful how much they eat.
Can Dogs Eat Alfalfa Sprouts
There is a lot of conflicting information out there about alfalfa sprouts and dogs. Most sources agree that small amounts won't harm your dog. There are some things to watch out for.
Alfalfa has phytoestrogens, which are endocrine disruptors. If your pet already has endocrine issues, don't let them eat alfalfa sprouts, because it might create issues with their thyroid.
Since alfalfa is high in vitamin K, it might also reduce the effect of blood-thinning medications.
It's also important to remember that even though alfalfa is a fantastic source of plant protein, dogs need meat-based protein. Don't try to replace meat protein with alfalfa.
If you have any questions about your dog's health and how they might react to alfalfa, please contact your dog's veterinarian.
Can Dogs Eat Barley Sprouts
Yes, in small quantities, barley seed can be beneficial for dogs to eat. If your dog has celiac or can't handle gluten, don't let them eat barley sprouts. Barley contains gluten.
Otherwise, a small amount of sprouted seeds can give your dog amino acids and other beneficial nutrients.
As you can see, bean sprouts can be part of a healthy diet for dogs. It's a good idea to always be careful with how much they eat since they are high in fiber.
Either sprinkle it on their regular dog food or offer it as an occasional healthy treat.
As always, please ask your veterinarian any questions you have about your dog's health and whether bean sprouts are a good idea.
More Dog Food Resources
Here are some more resources about human foods dogs can eat and ones that are bad for them.
- Can Dogs Eat Artichokes
- Can Dogs Eat Beans
- Can Dogs Eat Bok Choy
- Can Dogs Eat Eggplant
- Can Dogs Eat Lentils
- Can Dogs Eat Okra
- Can Dogs Eat Olives
- Can Dogs Eat Radishes
Find lots more articles on food dogs can eat here on Spoiled Hounds!
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The best ideas are simple but brilliant
The unique method of WordPIN guarantees optimal security for your codes. Explaining the unique method of WordPIN can sometimes be confusing, but after users have entered their first code they are amazed at the simplicity of using WordPIN and convinced of the safety of WordPIN. That's why we present a free test version of WordPIN to experience the magic."
WordPIN was developed by Ron van der Steeg and Jeffrey Bruijntjes. Ron is innovator and Jeffrey is the technical man behind WordPIN.
The idea for WordPIN was created when Ron was confronted with someone who had spontaneously forgotten his pin when paying in a store. The person in question had entered his pin somewhere on his cell phone, hidden somewhere in…. but where? He quickly tried to find it without success. The queue waiting was getting longer, and the stress increased.
Innovator Ron was triggered, and began to invent a solution. His demands were high!
- WordPIN had to be fast. A code must be found within 10 seconds.
- WordPIN had to be safe. Not just safe, but 100% safe.
- WordPIN had to be easy to use. Useful for young and old.
There are many apps in the stores, which can be used to save your secret information like codes. These apps are locked with a secret number combination, just like a vault. When you enter the correct combination, the vault opens and the contents are visible. Therefore, it is essential that these apps must know your secret combination to work properly! It is not unthinkable that someone hits your correct combination by accident, and then… Oops! Problem!
WordPIN had to be different. WordPIN had to be faster and easier, but definitely safer.
The First Version
The first version worked in a fast and safe way. The letters of the secret word had to be clicked on the screen to read the underlying digits of the code, but they were also visible to curious bystanders. That had to be changed, to be more efficient!
The current version solved this problem and is super safe! WordPIN is not to crack! WordPIN doesn't need your secret word to operate properly. You only have to LOOK at the letters of your secret word to read the code. That is an indomitable obstacle for curious bystanders, because it's impossible to know what the user is looking at. Not even WordPIN knows where you are looking at! If the user keeps his secret word really secret, then the codes in WordPIN are unavailable to others, even when the phone comes into strange hands.
We're still working on improvements, so stay with us!
The Current Version


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logs drilled directly beneath the survey site, specifically detailing subsurface water flow and saturation.
The Dumfries Basin aquifer is one of the most important groundwater resources available in Scotland. The Permian-filled Dumfries basin overlies steeply dipping Silurian mudstones and sandstone units and is bound to the west and northeast by en echelon faulting (Robins and Ball, 2006). The aquifers are contained within the Permian Doweel Breccia and Locharbriggs Sandstone formations, present beneath much of Dumfries basin and are the main aquifers for the region.
The Doweel formation has low intergranular permeability and porosity but has high secondary permeability in the form of fractures. Consequently, horizontal permeability is more prevalent than vertical permeability and therefore water is transported through naturally occurring horizontal fractures and inter-layer breaks between sandstone and breccia units that exist throughout the basin, providing a high flow rate for water movement. This can be seen in the downhole logs provided by Scottish Water on the right-hand side of Figure 7.
According to the geological information provided by Scottish Water, the two main aquifers are located in multiple fractures between 58-68 m and 98-110 m. This means that the aquifer is contained within in a less-permeable geological unit, confining the water to thin fracture networks. The stark difference between the water-rich fracture network and the enveloping non-permeable breccia provides a useful contrast for analysis of the ADR scanner results.
Adrok acquired three Stare scans ("virtual boreholes") at Terregles: TS1, TS2, TS3. They were along a line, separated by 60 meters. The depths were obtained from the WARR scans at each Stare site.
Results of TS3 demonstrate that high Dielectrics and peaks in the Weighted Mean Frequency (Figure 7) could both be used to directly identify the location of the aquifers within the subsurface matched or closely matched with the fracture zones and therefore the aquifers at 58-68 m and 98-110 m with an offset of about 1-2 m.
Figure 8 clearly demonstrates that the aquifers at 58-68 m and 98-110 m are being identified by the ADR scanner at the same depths, separately across the three ADR Stare measurements: TS1, TS2 and TS3.
The Terregles aquifer study demonstrates that ADR technology can identify aquifers using a combination of Dielectrics and Weighted Mean Frequency (Figure 7). This cheap, quick, reliable, and non-destructive technique can be used to identify the presence of water in the field. It could be used to greatly reduce the drilling costs associated with water aquifer exploration and help map, to great detail, fracture pathways in the subsurface. Ultimately, a 4-dimensional (4D) ADR sensing system could be developed that would have the capability to continually monitor water levels and may also be able to show flow rates within aquifers. This would have applications for early warning flood defences and companies wishing to explore for and monitor water aquifers.
Theoretical results, as well as those from field experiments and surveys, suggest that the exploration depth of pulsed radar can be increased significantly by including a low frequency component. Data suggests the high losses of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in the 10 - 1000 MHz range are due to polarization effects, rather than conductivity losses (van den Doel et al, 2014). Measurements of limestone conductivity indicate that the skin depth for the low-frequency component of an ADR wave packet could achieve much greater skin depth than possible by GPR. If these results hold for other rock types, deeply penetrating radar scanning can potentially become an attractive geophysical exploration technique in selective environments where there is no highly conductive near-surface layer, or where this layer is thin enough to penetrate.
The ability to utilise ADR technologies for determining subsurface lithology and fluids predrilling would generate large cost savings as well as environmental savings for monitoring subsurface groundwater and general geology.
The results of these experiments are encouraging and warrant further investigations. Of particular interest is the ADR's ability to detect subsurface water at great depth.
About the Author(s)
Gordon D.C. Stove has over 15 years of experience in developing and applying geoscience technologies. He is co-founder and shareholder of Adrok Ltd., and since Adrok's inception, Gordon has managed technology developments and the company's global services business. Gordon is a Member of the Energy Institute, PESGB, EAGE, SEG, AAPG, the Scottish Oil Club, Institute of Directors and the Caledonian Club. Gordon supports young entrepreneurs as a Business Mentor for Business Mentoring Scotland, as well as for the Prince's Trust Youth Business Scotland. Gordon holds a BSc (Hons) in Geography from the University of Edinburgh, is a PRINCE2 Registered Practitioner and completed the School of CEOs.
Berthelier, J. J., S. Bonaimé, V. Ciarletti, R. Clairquin, F. Dolon, A. Le Gall, D. Nevejans, R. Ney, and A. Reineix, 2005. Initial results of the Netlander imaging ground-penetrating radar operated on the Antarctic Ice Shelf: Geophysical research letters, vol. 32, L22305.
Daniels, D.J., 2004. Ground Penetrating Radar (2nd edition): The Institute of Electrical Engineers.
van den Doel, K., J. Jansen, M. Robinson, G. C. Stove, and G. D. C. Stove, 2014. Ground penetrating abilities of broadband pulsed radar in the 1-70 MHz range. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014: pp. _PHONE_. SEG Denver 2014 Annual Meeting.
van den Doel, K., G. Stove, 2016. Modelling and Simulation of a Deeply Penetrating Low Frequency Subsurface Radar System, proc. EAGE, Vienna.
Google Earth, 2013. Scotland: 56°34'42.50"N, 3°48'41.53"W, Eye alt 643.69 km. Imagery: SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO.
Jackson, J. D., 1998. Classical Electrodynamics (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Jordan, R., G. Picardi, J. Plaut, K. Wheeler, D. Kirchner, A. Safaeinili, W. Johnson, R. Seu, D. Calabrese, E. Zampolini, A. Cicchetti, R. Huff, D. Gurnett, A. Ivanov, W. Kofman, R. Orosei, T. Thompson, P. Edenhofer, and O. Bombaci, 2009. The Mars express MARSIS sounder instrument: Planetary and Space Science, 57, 1975–1986.
R. Orosei, S. E. Lauro, E. Pettinelli, A. Cicchetti, M. Coradini, B. Cosciotti, F. Di Paolo, E. Flamini, E. Mattei, M. Pajola, F. Soldovieri, M. Cartacci, F. Cassenti, A. Frigeri, S. Giuppi, R. Martufi, A. Masdea, G. Mitri, C. Nenna, R. Noschese, M. Restano, R. Seu, 2018. Radar evidence of subglacial liquid water on Mars, Science, 10.1126/science.aar 7268
Revil, A., 2013. Effective conductivity and permittivity of un-saturated porous materials in the frequency range 1 mHz-1GHz: Water Resources Research, 49, 306–327.
Robins, N. S., and D. F. Ball, 2006. The Dumfries Basin aquifer. British Geological Survey Research Report.
Schön J. H., 2004. Physical properties of rocks, volume 8: Fundamentals and principles of petrophysics: Elsevier.
Stove, G. C., 2005. Radar Apparatus for Imaging and/or Spectrometric Analysis and Methods of Performing Imaging and/or Spectrometric Analysis of a Substance for Dimensional Measurement, Identification and Precision Radar Mapping, USA Patent No.: _PHONE_, Edinburgh, GB: US Patent Office.
Stove, G. C., J. McManus, M. J. Robinson, G. D. C. Stove, and A. Odell, 2012. Ground penetrating abilities of a new coherent radio wave and microwave imaging spectrometer: International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34, 303–324.
Stove, G. D. C., and K. van den Doel, 2015. Large depth exploration using pulsed radar. In: ASEG-PESA Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015, Perth. 1–4.
Telford, W. M., L. P. Geldart, and R. E. Sheriff, 1990. Applied geophysics: Cambridge University Press.
Vanhala, H., P. Lintinen, and A. Ojala, 2009. Electrical Resistivity Study of Permafrost on Rid

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Infographic: Recommendation for Center-Based Early Childhood Education to Promote Health Equity
The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends early childhood education programs based on strong evidence of effectiveness in improving educational outcomes associated with long-term health and sufficient evidence of effectiveness in improving socialand health-related outcomes. When provided to low-income or racial and ethnic minority communities, early childhood education programs are likely to reduce educational achievement gaps, improve the health of low-income student populations, and promote health equity. This report, called "Recommendation for Center-Based Early Childhood Education to Promote Health Equity" by the Community Preventative Services Task Force, was published in the September 2016 issue of the Journal of Public Health Management & Practice.
Johanzynn Gatewood, BS, is an MPH candidate at the University of Florida, Gainesville. Her interests include health communication, the role of social media in public health, health literacy, and minority health. [Full bio].


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Gargantua the Great, probably the most famous circus animal of the 20th
century, was orphaned when he was only a month old and lived with
missionaries in Africa until a sea captain purchased him and brought
him to Boston in 1931. There, after being disfigured with nitric acid
by a sailor with a grudge against the captain, he was bought by
Gertrude Davies Lintz, who was determined to save the severely burned
gorilla. Mrs. Lintz named him Buddha, "Buddy" for short, and tenderly
nursed him back to health. However, his face was permanently disfigured
and his mouth twisted into a fierce snarl.
In 1937 Lintz offered Buddy, who then weighed an estimated 460 pounds, to the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. A delighted Henry Ringling North (Yale '33) renamed him "Gargantua the Great" after one of the giants in Rabelais' Gargantua and Pantagruel. As Gargantua, Buddy was transformed into the greatest of circus attractions by a flamboyant advertising campaign that saved the circus from imminent bankruptcy. For 12 years the circus toured the country and millions stood in line to see the lowland gorilla.
Buddy died of double pneumonia in November 1949 at the age of 20. North donated Gargantua's skeleton to the Yale Peabody Museum in 1950.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Timetable and length
Columbia Slavic majors are not required to write a senior thesis, but may do so if they have a research interest they would like to pursue in this format. All Barnard students are required to write a senior thesis.
A Barnard or Columbia Slavic major who is writing a senior thesis will usually begin serious work on his or her project in the Senior Seminar, taken in the fall semester of the senior year. Some students may have undertaken preliminary research in the preceding summer, either independently or with the assistance of a Harriman Institute undergraduate fellowship. The instructor of the Senior Seminar will set deadlines for the preliminary stages of the project (proposal, research bibliography, etc.) and will assist in identifying a suitable thesis adviser to take over the supervision of the project. (The thesis adviser will assign the final grade for the thesis.)
Students have the option of completing the thesis in the fall semester, or registering for UN3998, Supervised Individual Research, in the spring and continuing to work on the thesis for a second semester. (Note: All Barnard students majoring in Russian Regional Studies must write a two-semester thesis.)
Thesis lengths vary according to the nature of the topic and the quantity of writing the adviser considers necessary in order to address it adequately. However, a good rule of thumb is that a one-semester thesis should fill about 25 pages, a two-semester thesis about 50. Longer theses are common, shorter ones rare.
Style guide for the final copy
The format should conform to the following specifications.
- The copy should be typed (12-point font, double-spaced) on letter size (8.5"x11") paper.
- Margins should be 1.5 inches on the left, and 1 inch on right, top, and bottom.
- You may use either footnotes or endnotes; these should be single spaced, with a double space after each note to separate it from the following one. Footnotes should be in smaller type than the main text (recommended: 10 pt.). Endnotes should be in 12-point font.
- All pages should be numbered. Preliminary matter (dedication, table of contents, acknowledgments, note on transliteration) should be numbered with lower-case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, etc.), which should be centered at the bottom of the page. The body of the thesis (everything else, beginning with the first page of the introduction and continuing to the last page of the bibliography) should use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.), which should appear in the upper right-hand corner of each page.
- You must include a title page, a table of contents, and a bibliography.
- Optional elements (often included by seniors but not required) include a dedication, acknowledgments, note on transliteration (strongly recommended), chapter titles and subdivisions, a list of illustrations, preface, and appendices. If you decide to include any of these elements, follow the order set out in the section on "Required Order and Page Numbering" on the following web page:
The title page should conform to the following model:
A senior thesis presented
[Full name of author]
The Department of Slavic Languages
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the major in [name of major]
[name of your school within Columbia]
[month, year of submission of thesis]
Copies and binding:
You must submit one copy of your thesis to your adviser (or one copy to each designated reader, if you are a double major with a combined senior project). The copies, if more than one, should be bound separately. We recommend velo binding with a clear vinyl cover available at most of the copy stores near or on campus. The author's name and the title of the thesis should be visible on the front of each bound thesis. Don't forget to get a copy made for yourself, as the copy you submit to the Department will not be returned to you!


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in China, Malaysia, Russia, and Brazil, estimative values from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) report are applied in the evaluation.
Inland road transportation includes two parts: transporting wood from forest region to sawmill and transporting wood from sawmill to marine port. Inland transportation is an important factor that contributes to energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions during the life cycle of wood.
There is no global average estimative data concerning the environmental impacts of road transportation, and the data of each region differs. Information from the Transport Canada Database is taken as estimative values in the study.
Based on the author's interviews with truck companies, heavy duty vehicle (HDV, 33,000 lbs) is identified as the main vehicle transporting wood inland. Vehicles lighter than 33,000 lbs are not suitable to carry wood due to their large size and the heavy weight of wood.
In order to reduce transportation costs, most sawmills are built to avoid long distance movement from the forest logging area. Sawmill location is based on information from the Sawmill Database, which provides details about the latest and most major sawmills around the world. The distance from sawmills to marine ports differs greatly, and the average distance from sawmill to port is taken as an estimative value in road transportation.
Environmental impact of marine transportation cannot be ignored in the assessment. In order to estimate the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of marine transport, the methods used by the Network for Transport & Environment (NTM) are adopted in this study.
NTM is a non-profit organization initiated in 1993 that aims to establish a common base of values on how to calculate environmental performance for various modes of transport. As is known, all ships are individual with different characteristics. The data provided by NTM is not exact for any given ship but comprises values measured and calculated over a great number of ships and engines.
The boundary of marine transport routes limits only from port to port. The destination of marine transportation of wood is the port of Kaohsiung, which is the largest international port in Taiwan. There are thousands of vessel companies sailing from foreign countries to Taiwan, and the exact data of vessels is difficult to obtain.
One of the largest vessel companies Evergreen Marine Corp (EMC), which deals with cargo container ships, provides marine information for analysis. Besides, the information of marine routes and transportation distances can be estimated from Marine Traffic.
Sustainability Performance Of Importing Wood
Importing wood from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand to Taiwan demands relatively lower amount of energy than it does from other regions.
Specifically, importing wood from Canada (West) demands the lowest amount of energy (2095 MJ/cubic metre), while importing wood form Brazil consumes the highest amount of energy (5356 MJ/cubic metre), because the wood that comes from Brazil involves longer routes by road and marine transportation when compared with other wood resources.
Compared with wood from Canada, the wood that comes from US has relatively higher energy consumption, such as wood from Southeast region (4824 MJ/cubic metre) and from Pacific Northwest region (4343 MJ/cubic metre).
This is because energy consumption in manufacturing wood in US is much higher than that in Canada. On the other hand, it can be also found that there is no great difference of embodied energy when wood is imported from Sweden, China (Northeast and Southwest), and Malaysia, presenting at around 3500 MJ/cubic metre.
Therefore, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand are the most sustainable importing sources for wood used in Taiwan's construction sector according to energy consumption.
Total embodied energy consumption of imported wood to Taiwan (MJ/cubic metre).
It is interesting to note that the carbon dioxide emissions generated from importing wood from Sweden are significantly lower than those from other regions, although the energy consumed during the importing process is relatively high.
This is because more renewable energy is applied in electricity production in Sweden, thus mitigating carbon emissions in industrial manufacturing process. Wood from the US (Southeast) contributes to the highest amount of carbon dioxide emissions (396 kg/cubic metre), followed by wood from Brazil (337 kg/cubic metre).
The carbon emissions of imported wood from the US to Taiwan vary from different regions, ranging from 260 kg/cubic metre to 396 kg/cubic metre. The carbon dioxide emissions of importing wood are quite similar across regions such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand due to similar energy consumptions.
In Asian regions, wood from China contributes to higher carbon dioxide emissions than wood from Malaysia, because the portion of fossil fuel accounts for the major part in electricity production, thus leading to higher carbon dioxide emissions.
If construction sector in Taiwan seeks to import wood from overseas with lower carbon dioxide, Sweden, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand would be most sustainable importing sources based on above analysis.
Total embodied carbon dioxide emissions of imported wood to Taiwan (kg/cubic metre).
Relative Distributions Of Sustainability Performances
As for energy consumption, wood harvesting and inland transportation from forest to sawmill show less contribution to most of the regions except Brazil, where the inland transportation from forest region to sawmill contributes to 21 percent of total energy use due to very long trip (around 700 km).
In most of regions (US, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, China, Malaysia, and Russia), wood manufacturing process accounts for the major energy consumption (from 57 percent up to 82 percent).
Relative performance of embodied energy of imported wood to Taiwan.
Relative performance of embodied carbon dioxide emissions of imported wood to Taiwan.
Besides, a long trip of marine transportation also significantly contributes to energy consumption. When wood is imported from US to Taiwan, energy used in marine transportation from four American regions (PSW, SE, INW, and NE/NC) vary from 14 percent to 23 percent. However, if the wood is transported from Canada, the portion of energy consumption is much higher than that in US.
This is because manufacturing process in Canada consumes relatively less energy, while the marine transportation is quite similar to its competitor.
For example, in the case of wood from the east of Canada, marine transportation reaches 45 percent of total energy consumption. Comparatively, the portions of energy consumed in marine transportation are less significant when importing from nearby Asian regions such as Malaysia and China, accounting for less than 10 percent.
In terms of carbon dioxide emissions, manufacturing process releases the greatest amount of emissions in most of the regions studied except Sweden, where carbon dioxide emissions in manufacturing process account for only 16 percent, as conventional fossil fuel in primary energy distribution in Sweden in 2014 accounts for nine percent, releasing only small portions of carbon dioxide emissions.
When wood is imported from Sweden, marine transportation accounts for 66 percent of total emissions due to very long transportation distance (20,804 km) and the lower emission level during manufacturing. Wood harvesting and road transportation from forest source to sawmill make a smaller contribution to carbon dioxide emissions (less than 11 percent) in most of the regions in this study.
This finding does not translate to Brazil, as it requires long distance for road transportation. Marine transportation is another major factor that contributes to the carbon dioxide emissions as well.
For example, Marine transportation of wood from North America (the US and Canada) contributes to 14 percent to 45 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions. By contrast, the carbon dioxide emissions of marine transportation of wood from Asian regions (Malaysia and China) are relatively less significant.
Based on previous analysis, the most crucial factors of sustainability performance of importing wood to Taiwan have been be identified. Although many efforts have been made to collect data in this study, the uncertainties of data could not be avoided due to the changing reality.
Therefore, the author would suggest that among five factors, only a relative percentage of more than 10 percent is to be considered essential in the analysis. This means that if wood is imported to Taiwan for use, the collection of these crucial data becomes necessary for analysing the environmental impact.
Manufacture is a critical factor for all regions, while harvesting is not significant for all. Marine transport is a crucial factor for the most of regions except China and Malaysia.
Embodied energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are two important indicators for assessing sustainable performance.
The analysis of sustainability performance of imported wood from different regions can provide scientific information and results for building construction professionals in many wood limited countries or regions such as Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan that enable them to select more sustainable wood resources.
The sustainability performance of importing wood from different sources could be influenced by multiple factors. For energy consumption, importing wood form Brazil consumes the highest amount of energy, because the wood that comes from Brazil is involved in longer routes by road and marine transportation when compared to other wood resources.
However, when compared with wood from Canada, the wood that comes from US has relatively higher energy consumption, although the distance between Canada and Taiwan is longer than that between US and Taiwan.
This could be explained by the reason that the energy consumption in manufacturing wood in US is much higher than that in Canada. For the carbon dioxide emission performance, the energy distribution of wood importing source could have a significant influence on sustainable performance.
From the results, it is found that the carbon dioxide emissions generated by importing wood from Sweden are significantly lower than those from other neighbourhood regions like China and Malaysia. This is because more renewable energy is applied in electricity production in Sweden, while the portion of fossil fuel accounts for the major part of electricity production in these Asian regions. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically consider multiple factors when conducting sustainable performance studies.
Although the final results of sustainable performance are quite complex, generally, environmental impacts of wood used in construction sector could be minimised by selecting appropriate import regions with shorter transportation distance, as marine transportation contribute a large part of environmental impacts on the lifecycle of wood.
These results could determine whether it is possible to use some wood resources locally


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Symposium takes a look at the history, education, literature, art, and civil rights struggles of Latinos in the Midwest
By Kelli Andresen for Iowa Now
While food, culture, and music are the most visible manifestations of Latinos' presence in the Midwest, their influence in the region is more widespread but less known. Latino workers have harvested the region's crops, manufactured its industrial goods, and processed its livestock. Moreover, Latino business owners have rejuvenated abandoned downtowns, while students have increased enrollments and diversified schools.
The contributions of Latinos to the nation's heartland are the focus of The Latino Midwest, the 2012-13 University of Iowa Obermann-International Programs Humanities symposium. This interdisciplinary conference will examine the history, education, literature, art, and civil rights struggles of Latinos in light of the demographic changes experienced by Midwestern states with growing Latino populations.
"People often think of Latinos as recent immigrants to the Midwest," says Omar Valerio-Jiménez, associate professor of history and symposium co-director, "but Latinos have been in the region since the late nineteenth century. The symposium will showcase Latinos' long history in the Midwest and highlight their dramatic population growth, increasing political clout, and crucial economic contributions."
The main symposium takes place Oct. 11-13 and will include panels, lectures, performances, and literary readings. The Latino Midwest is organized by three faculty members in the UI College of Liberal Arts and Sciences: Claire Fox, associate professor of English and Spanish and Portuguese, whose teaching and research interests include the literature and arts of the Americas; Valerio-Jiménez, who is currently working on a study of Latinos in early 20th-century Iowa that explores acculturation, labor, and gender relations; and Santiago Vaquera-Vásquez, assistant professor of Spanish and Portuguese, a Chicano writer, and member of the creative writing section in Spanish whose current research focuses on literature and art from the U.S./Mexico borderlands.
Related events extend beyond the main symposium. All of the events, with the exception of the Lila Downs concert, are free and open to the public.
For a list of related events and more information, visit Iowa Now.


4.4. Help and verbosity options
––help, -?
Cause GHC to spew a long usage message to standard output and then exit.
The -v option makes GHC verbose: it reports its version number and shows (on stderr) exactly how it invokes each phase of the compilation system. Moreover, it passes the -v flag to most phases; each reports its version number (and possibly some other information).
Please, oh please, use the -v option when reporting bugs! Knowing that you ran the right bits in the right order is always the first thing we want to verify.
To provide more control over the compiler's verbosity, the -v flag takes an optional numeric argument. Specifying -v on its own is equivalent to -v3, and the other levels have the following meanings:
Disable all non-essential messages (this is the default).
Minimal verbosity: print one line per compilation (this is the default when ––make or ––interactive is on).
Print the name of each compilation phase as it is executed. (equivalent to -dshow-passes).
The same as -v2, except that in addition the full command line (if appropriate) for each compilation phase is also printed.
The same as -v3 except that the intermediate program representation after each compilation phase is also printed (excluding preprocessed and C/assembly files).
Print a one-line string including GHC's version number.
Print GHC's numeric version number only.
Print the path to GHC's library directory. This is the top of the directory tree containing GHC's libraries, interfaces, and include files (usually something like /usr/local/lib/ghc-5.02 on Unix). This is the value of $libdirin the package configuration file (see Section 4.10).


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China to use strictest water protection measures
Updated: 2012-05-09 14:20
BEIJING - China will continue to carry out the strictest water resource management measures to cope with water shortages, a senior official said Tuesday.
The measures include accelerating the construction of a water-saving society, strengthening water resource protection and promoting the restoration of aquatic ecosystems, Chen Lei, minister of water resources, said at a national work conference.
China sees a 50-billion-cubic meter water shortage annually, with two-thirds of cities having trouble accessing water, according to official data.
China's water consumption has exceeded 600 billion cubic meters, accounting for 74 percent of the country's exploitable water resources.
In January, the central government issued a document asking the entire country to limit the scale of water exploitation, improve the efficiency of water usage and curb water pollution.
The country's water consumption should be controlled below 700 billion cubic meters by 2030, and its efficiency of water usage will reach advanced levels, according to the document.
China aims to reduce water consumption per 10,000 yuan ($1,597) industrial value-added output to less than 40 cubic meters by 2030, raise the effective water use coefficient of farmland irrigation water to above 0.6 and improve water quality, according to the document.
Chen said the nation will set water consumption quotas for local governments in a timely manner and continue to perfect the water price formation mechanism in order to promote water resource conservation and protection.


'3D Studio MAX'
'The Making Of Porsche '
by Karabo Legwaila
Cut in the green edges and adjust vertices to round off the top of the light. Chamfer the red edges by about 0.7 or so.
You have to adjust the light so that it curves with the body of the car. Add an "FFD 4x4x4" modifier to the geometry. This creates a lattice around the object. You can use the lattice to adjust the shape of the object. Expand the lattice sub-objects and select "Control Points." Now as you move the control points, the geometry will change shape. Use the control points to adjust the shape of the geometry so that it lies perfectly on the car geometry. The reason I chose to use a lattice for this is because it's a lot easier than than moving vertices and also, if you mess it up or you don't like what it looks like, you can hit the reset button and it will revert the way it was so you can try again.
When you get it looking the way you want it, collapse the stack and then select the polys shown and delete them. Hide the detached polys, leaving just the base for the light.
Select the polys shown in light blue and extrude them inwards. Chamfer the blue edges. Now unhide the geometry you just hid and put a "Shell" modifier on it then chamfer the edges.
Modelling the Car
Making the Accessories
Page 15
Making the Interior
Modelling the Wheels
3D Total Homepage


Two-Phase Commit
What Does Two-Phase Commit Mean?
A two-phase commit is a standardized protocol that ensures that a database commit is implementing in the situation where a commit operation must be broken into two separate parts.
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In database management, saving data changes is known as a commit and undoing changes is known as a rollback. Both can be achieved easily using transaction logging when a single server is involved, but when the data is spread across geographically-diverse servers in distributed computing (i.e., each server being an independent entity with separate log records), the process can become more tricky.
Techopedia Explains Two-Phase Commit
A special object, known as a coordinator, is required in a distributed transaction. As its name implies, the coordinator arranges activities and synchronization between distributed servers. The two-phase commit is implemented as follows:
Phase 1 – Each server that needs to commit data writes its data records to the log. If a server is unsuccessful, it responds with a failure message. If successful, the server replies with an OK message.
Phase 2 – This phase begins after all participants respond OK. Then, the coordinator sends a signal to each server with commit instructions. After committing, each writes the commit as part of its log record for reference and sends the coordinator a message that its commit has been successfully implemented. If a server fails, the coordinator sends instructions to all servers to roll back the transaction. After the servers roll back, each sends feedback that this has been completed.
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Related Terms
Margaret Rouse
Technology Expert
Margaret is an award-winning technical writer and teacher known for her ability to explain complex technical subjects to a non-technical business audience. Over the past twenty years, her IT definitions have been published by Que in an encyclopedia of technology terms and cited in articles by the New York Times, Time Magazine, USA Today, ZDNet, PC Magazine, and Discovery Magazine. She joined Techopedia in 2011. Margaret's idea of a fun day is helping IT and business professionals learn to speak each other's highly specialized languages.


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A magical brick, which can "eat" slag and can absorb carbon
Original title: A magical brick, which can "eat" slag and can absorb carbon (topic)
The first cement kiln exhaust -absorbing carbon -absorbing brick production line is put into production (theme)
Hubei Daily News A brick can "eat" waste residue and absorb carbon dioxide. This magical brick has taken the production line. Recently, it was informed that the industry's first "CO2 Carbon Make -making Making Automation Line" in the industry was put into operation in Hubei, and was jointly developed by Huaxin Cement Co., Ltd. and Hunan University.
At present, the construction industry has generally used the traditional firing clay solid tiles with a burning and steaming concrete gray sand brick. However, the gray sand brick is made of river sand and other raw materials. The process of brick making still consumes a lot of energy and resources.
Since 2018, Li Yeqing, the president and director of the technology center of Huaxin Cement, has established a production line for the use of cement base materials and mining waste soil slag to spare steam bricks to achieve comprehensive resource use. After long -term research on Professor Hunan University, Hunan University proposed "moisture regulation -gas migration -carbonization reaction" collaborative theory, breaking the scientific bottleneck of carbon dioxide cannot quickly enter the interior of concrete products for migration and reaction.
According to reports, the temperature discharged by the cement kiln produced by the cement is still about 70 ° C after treatment, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 20%-30%. After using new technologies, the concrete brick does not need to be steaming with high temperature and high pressure during the production process. The rapid response of the raw material of brick raw materials and tail gas is "carbon absorption" carbonization, and then transformed into a finished brick.
Since the beginning of this year, the two sides have jointly designed and prepared the relevant Chinese test production lines, and have obtained the technological parameters and technical parameters of stable production. The operation results of the automated production line at the Huaxinwu Point Industrial Park Base show that the average pressure resistance of the "carbon absorption" brick reaches more than 15 MPa, which meets the requirements of the relevant national building materials standards. The cost of brick -making and brick making time is equivalent to similar products in the market. And with time, deepening the carbonization reaction, the strength of the bricks will continue to rise.
Energy -saving and emission reduction of the cement industry is the focus of my country's "double carbon" goal. The relevant person in charge of Huaxin Cement said that with an annual output of 100 million concrete brick production lines, 26,000 tons of carbon dioxide can be absorbed and utilized each year. In addition, if the corresponding residual heat steam saved in the high -temperature steaming link is used for power generation, the annual power generation can reach 3.79 million kilowatt -hours. The promotion and application of this achievement may become an important promotion force for energy conservation and emission reduction of the building materials industry. (Reporter Wednesday spring, correspondent Feng Hua)


Is moving hard on dogs?
Moving is almost always stressful, and not just for humans—it's tough on dogs, too. If you're moving with your dog and wondering how to help your dog adjust to a new home, we've got your answers. You can make the process a little less painful by following these expert tips before, during, and after your move.
Can moving affect a dog?
Can moving affect a dog? Some dogs are more likely to be affected by moving house, particularly older dogs, dogs with chronic health conditions, and dogs who rely on a strict routine to ward off anxiety.
How long does it take for a dog to adjust to a new home?
IT IS INTERESTING: How do you squeeze milk from a dog?
Will my dog be sad if we move?
When moving your dog into a new home, they will most likely feel insecure or feel stress. They may feel so unsure of their new environment that they exhibit symptoms of fear or anxiety. Indoor "accidents", bad chewing behavior and whining, barking or howling may be signs that your dog has a bone to pick with you.
How do you help dogs adjust to moving?
Read on for important advice that all dog parents should know about moving with pets.
 1. Keep a routine, even when it's hard. …
 2. Help them let out energy. …
 3. Pack a pet essentials bag. …
 4. Set up your dog's space right away. …
 5. Give lots of attention. …
 6. Try an anti-anxiety aid. …
 7. Stay home as much as you can the first few days. …
 8. Be patient.
Do dogs get stressed when you move?
Animals are notoriously territorial, and they feel stress just as much as humans do (if not more, since they can't talk it out). They're experts at reading the body language of their people, and can easily pick up on – and appropriate – the anxiety and strain that is typical during the moving process.
How do you tell if a dog is stressed?
Stress signs to look for include whale eye (when dogs reveal the whites of their eyes), tucked ears, tucked tail, raised hackles, lip-licking, yawning, and panting. Your dog might also avoid eye contact or look away.
IT IS INTERESTING: What sounds make puppies sleep?
Where should a dog sleep the first night?
It's best to keep your dog in a crate in your bedroom for the first few nights. This helps establish important boundaries while also letting your puppy know that you are nearby should they need you.
Is it normal for dogs to not eat after moving?
Travel and unfamiliar surroundings.
If your dog's appetite was fine until you went on a trip with them or moved to a new location, it may be that your dog won't eat because of traveling or the unfamiliar surroundings. Some animals may get motion sickness, and others become nervous or uncomfortable in new places.
What does a dog think when you move?
Dogs and cats will know something is up before the move. They will see you packing boxes and bags and can sense your mood. If you're anxious or stressed about the impending move, your pet is likely to feel it too.
How do you help a stressed dog?
#1 – Easily the number one way to reduce a dog's stress is through regular, daily exercise. Walking, playing, trips to the dog park, swimming any form of physical activity will not only reduce your dog's daily stress level, it also helps them to live a much longer and healthier life.
Is it bad for dogs to go back and forth between houses?
In an ideal world, living between two homes is something that all dogs would be able to do. … You read right, dogs can be just as sensitive as children when it comes to reacting to stress, which in turn can result in them misbehaving in the new situation, most likely because they are acting out of fear.
IT IS INTERESTING: What diseases can you get from a dog scratch?
Will my dog be happy in a new home?
Changing homes is always a stressful experience for dogs, but there are things new owners can do to ease the transition. … Most importantly, be patient with your new dog. It might take him weeks or even months to adjust to his new home.
Why do dog like to sleep with their owners?
Dog Blog


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A Win-Win For All: Growth of Save to Win in Michigan
At a time when savings are important, how do we engage consumers in the act of saving and reinstitute a culture of thrift in America? One promising way is to ensure that the act of saving is fun. Prize-linked savings (PLS) models are structured to do exactly that - reward savings behavior to help motivate individuals to save by making it fun. PLS models have been implemented internationally and now applications of PLS are being tested in the United States – by financial institutions, businesses, entrepreneurs, and non-profits – to make saving fun and help more people save.


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If you have been charged with Grand Theft it is important that you understand the charges against you and what your legal rights are. Idaho's theft laws can be complex and severe. You should not try to take on the criminal justice system on your own.
What is Grand Theft?
In the State of Idaho (Idaho Code §18-2407 there are several ways someone you can be arrested and convicted for Grand Theft:
- Theft of property valued over $1000.
- The theft of a firearm.
- Theft by a public servant engaging in their duties.
- Theft of a public record.
- Theft of a check, money order, credit card, or bank card.
- Theft of property of any value through physical force.
- Theft of property of any value through extortion.
- Theft of livestock.
- A series of thefts that when added together exceed a value of $1000.
Consequences Of A Conviction For Grand Theft
All Grand Theft charges are felonies and can lead to severe penalties. Under Idaho Code §18-2408 Grand Theft is punishable by a fine of $5000 and up to 14 years in the state penitentiary. However, the negative effects of a conviction do not stop there, they can have serious short and long term consequences beyond those punishments ordered by the court, potentially affecting your employment, personal relationships, and reputation. A conviction can be particularly harmful in terms of gaining future employment, state licensing, and other benefits. The conviction will appear on any background checks and employers tend to pass on applicants with theft records, fearing them to be dishonest and having the potential to steal from their companies.
Grand Theft is considered a "crime of moral turpitude" and can prevent you from obtaining professional licenses and certifications. This may also prevent you from getting Federal Student Loans for education.
Grand Theft Of Livestock
This is a felony punishable by a fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) nor more than five thousand dollars ($5,000). The $1,000 minimum fine cannot be suspended or withheld. The person convicted of the offense may also be imprisoned in the state prison for not less than one (1) year nor more than fourteen (14) years. That means the person convicted will serve at least one year in prison, and possibly more. In addition, the court can assess civil damages, as provided in section 25-1910, Idaho Code.
Fight Your Grand Theft Case
Do not let a theft conviction follow you around for the rest of your life! Let me fight to keep you out of jail and keep a theft conviction off your record!
An experienced Idaho theft crimes attorney can fight the charge and keep it off your record. Every theft case is different and William Young scrutinizes the facts of every case to see if the prosecutor really has enough evidence to prove you guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. If not, we can challenge the evidence in court, get the case dropped, or win the case at trial.
Even if the evidence is overwhelming, we can fight to try and get the charge reduced or limit the punishment to community service and/or probation.
You Are Not Alone - I Will Fight By Your Side
Do not fight the system on your own, you have too much on the line! Protect your rights and your freedom! Call me today for a free consultation!


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Trends and Patterns of Burden of Disease and Injuries in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years
- Trends and Patterns of Burden of Disease and Injuries in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years
- Kim, Young-Eun; Park, Hyesook; Jo, Min-Woo; Oh, In-Hwan; Go, Dun-Sol; Jung, Jaehun; Yoon, Seok-Jun
- Ewha Authors
- SCOPUS Author ID
- Issue Date
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
- JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE vol. 34
- Disability-Adjusted Life Years; Burden of Disease; Years of Life Lost; Years Lived with Disability; Korean National Burden of Disease Study
- KOREAN ACAD MEDICAL SCIENCES
- SCIE; SCOPUS; KCI
- Document Type
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- Background: It is extremely important to objectively take a view of population health to provide useful information to decision makers, health-sector leaders, researchers, and informed citizens. This study aims to examine the burden of disease in Korea as of 2015, and to study how the burden of disease changes with the passage of time. Methods: We used results from the Korean National Burden of Disease and Injuries Study 2015 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by gender and age groups from 2007 to 2015. DALYs were calculated as the sum of the years of life lost (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs). Results: In 2015, the burden of disease for Korean people was calculated at 29,476 DALYs per 100,000 population. DALYs caused by low back pain were the highest, followed by diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The burden of disease showed a consistently increasing trend from 2007 to 2015. Although YLLs have been on the decrease since 2011, the increase in YLDs has contributed to the overall rise in DALYs. The DALYs per 100,000 population in 2015 increased by 28.1% compared to 2007. Conclusion: As for the diseases for which the burden of disease is substantially increasing, it is needed to establish appropriate policies in a timely manner. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for prioritizing public health and health care policies in Korea.
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Mar 24, 2016
Alarming dip in Kerala's drinking water resources due to extreme heat wave lashing the state
Haritha John
The News Minute
Photo: Sreekesh Raveendran Nair
Photo: Sreekesh Raveendran Nair
According to environmental activists, Kerala is going through highest recorded temperatures in the last decade at the beginning of this year itself. Palakkad district has crossed 40 degree Celsius several times, while Kannur hovers near 40 most of the time.
The average temperature in the rest of the districts is around 35 degree Celsius.
Severe drinking water problem has been reported from different parts of Kerala as fresh water bodies have started drying up. People in rural settlements which are exclusively dependent on natural water bodies are now traversing long miles just to access drinking water


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Founded in 1958, NSU Art Museum is a premier destination for exhibitions and programs encompassing all facets of civilization's visual history.
The Museum is located midway between Miami and Palm Beach in the heart of downtown Fort Lauderdale, one of the fastest growing areas in the U.S. Its distinctive modernist building, which opened in 1986 was designed by the renowned architect Edward Larrabee Barnes and is a dynamic cultural hub in Fort Lauderdale's Arts and Entertainment District. The Museum is a short walk to the shops, restaurants and galleries of vibrant Las Olas Boulevard as well as to the picturesque Riverwalk waterfront promenade.
NSU Art Museum's 83,000 square-foot building contains 25,000 square feet of exhibition space, a 256-seat auditorium, Museum Store and Cafe. Its acclaimed 11,000 square-foot studio school, the AutoNation Academy of Art + Design, offers art instruction for children, teens and adults year-round.
The Museum's international exhibition program, which aims to challenge viewers' perceptions of the world around them, is overseen by its visionary Director and Chief Curator Bonnie Clearwater, who joined the Museum in 2013.
NSU Museum of Art's celebrated permanent collection contains more than 6,000 works. Among its highlights is the country's largest collection of 19th and early 20th century paintings and drawings by the American realist William Glackens, the most extensive holding in the U.S. of works by post-World War II, avant-garde CoBrA artists from Copenhagen, Brussels and Amsterdam, and extensive holdings of works by leading Latin American artists.
In 2008, the Museum became part of Nova Southeastern University, one of the largest private research universities in the United States.


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Stepney today *A street named after a prosperous English family who moved to Wales from London and derived their surname from an east London suburb called Stepney. The word has had an interesting linguistic journey!
What is a flat tire?
A flat tire ( British English: flat tyre) is a deflated pneumatic tire, which can cause the rim of the wheel to ride on the tire tread or the ground potentially resulting in loss of control of the vehicle or irreparable damage to the tire.
Why is it called a tyre?
For British motorists, the rubber wheel-covering is called a tyre – for the Americans it's a tire. But why? For other parts of the car we've seen the words are completely different – but for this one it's simply a matter of spelling.
How did Ganna get a flat tyre?
Ganna was amongst the leading group until he suffered a flat tyre. The flat tyre would then retract upwards and hover above ground, ready to be changed. During the conversation he pokes their tyre with something, leaving them behind with a flat tyre. However, he parks his car on the route towards the trap, feigning a flat tyre.
How common are flat tires in motor vehicle breakdowns?
A UK source reports that flat tires account for about 10% of motor vehicle breakdowns. Motor vehicles are normally equipped for changing a tire. These tools include a jack, a tire iron or lug wrench, and a spare tire.
What's a spare tyre called?
Emergency tyre: This term is used to describe any type of spare tyre that is meant to be used in case of an emergency, such as a flat tyre or a blowout. The emergency tyre can be a donut, space-saver or a full-size spare tyre, depending on the vehicle.
What is a spare tyre?
As the name suggests, a spare tire is an extra tire that you carry around in your car and use it in case one of your tire is punctured, damaged or unable to drive anymore. A car spare tyre is known by other names as well. A famous alternative name for it is 'stepney '. In other areas, drivers simply refer to it as the spare wheel.
What does spare tire fat around the middle mean?
spare tire Fat around one's middle, as in He's determined to lose ten pounds and that spare tire he's acquired. This expression transfers the term for an extra tire carried in cars in case of a flat tire to excess fat around the waist. If someone has a spare tyre, they have a large circle of fat around their waist.
What is a Stepney spare wheel?
Perhaps what you are referring to was originally called a Stepney spare wheel. The Stepney Spare Wheel was invented by Thomas Morris Davies in Llanelli in 1904. At that time, early motor cars were made without spare wheels, so a puncture was an event dreaded by all drivers. Mr.
What is a Stepney wheel?
The Stepney wheel became such a resounding success that they were seen on nearly every car on the road. Eventually, the term 'stepney' became synonymous with a spare wheel in many countries like India. The days of the patented spare wheel slowly came to a close as car manufacturers began providing spare wheels with all new cars.
What is the back of a car called?
The trunk (North American English) or boot (British English) of a car is the vehicle's main storage or cargo compartment, often a hatch at the rear of the vehicle. It is also called a tailgate.
What is the front part of a car called?
British the front part of a car that covers the engine. The American word is hood. British the covered space at the back of a car, used for carrying things in. The American word is trunk. a frame of strong metal bars around the front of a car or truck, used for protecting it if there is an accident
What is inside a car called in British English?
In British English the hood is called a bonnet and the trunk is called a boot. The following picture shows the vocabulary for various parts for inside a car. BrE = British English NAmE = Native American. This last picture shows various parts of inside and outside a car that was not included in the previous pictures. Used to change gears in a car.
Which part of a car lights up when reversing backwards?
The white part is called the reverse light and lights up when the car is reversing backwards. The red part is used when the head lights are being used so other drivers can see the car in front of them at night time or poor driving conditions. It is also called a brake light and is used when the car is using the brake pedal.
What is the main outer part of a car?
noun. the main outer part of a car, not including the engine or wheels, or the main outer part of a plane, not including the engine, wheels, or wings.
What is a hole in a car tyre called?
1. countable noun. A puncture is a small hole in a car tyre or bicycle tyre that has been made by a sharp object.
What are the parts of a tire called?
Body Piles: Where the tire seats against the edges of the wheel, creating a seal that holds air in the tire is called the bead. Carcass: The layer above the inner liner, consisting of thin textile fiber cords bonded into the rubber. Largely determining the strength of the tire and help it to resist pressure.
Which part of a car has a central hole?
The hub is the most central part and has studs to which the wheel is attached. It has a central hole that is the opening for mounting the wheel on the axle. The brake discs lie against the wheel hub to ensure that the car brakes when the driver steps on the brake pedal. A removable center cap on the outside of the wheel covers the central hole.
What is a tyre & how does it work?
Tyres cover and prevent the rim from rubbing or touching the ground. It cushions and also acts as a shock absorber when you're driving on bumpy terrain. The main parts of the tire are the treads and its body. The tread or track is the outermost rubberized part of a tire. It is in direct contact with the ground and wears out over time.
What is a ring shaped tire?
The tire is a ring-shaped outer shell. Most car tires are inflated using compressed air, which is known as pneumatic. They are made of rubber (synthetic or natural), carbon black, and some chemical compounds. Tyres cover and prevent the rim from rubbing or touching the ground.
What is the British word for windshield?
The front window of the car is named the windscreen in the UK, while in the USA, they've tweaked it just slightly to read windshield. Both 'screen' and 'shield' suggest protection and so are still quite similar in their meaning, linguistically.
What does windshield mean?
Define windshield. windshield synonyms, windshield pronunciation, windshield translation, English dictionary definition of windshield. n. 1. A pane of usually curved glass or other transparent shielding mounted in front of the occupants of a vehicle to protect them from the wind. 2. Windshield – definition of windshield by The Free Dictionary
What is US UK English windshield?
US UK English Windshield is one of the many vehicle parts that has a different name in British English, where it is called a windscreen. Other differences include the following: hood US, bonnet UK license plate US, number plate UK fender US, wing UK antenna US, aerial UK trunk US, boot UK turn signal US, indicator UK
What is Hail windshields?
The company was originally established as a small windshield fabricator. Hail is also a common nuisance to drivers of automobiles, severely denting the vehicle and cracking or even shattering windshields and windows. Standard features included windshield washers, a signal seeking radio, power windows, and a heater.
What color are windshields?
Windshields come in Clear, Light or Dark Black Translucent Color and Made of Durable Lucite. FOR "On and Off" Without Tools, which allows you to Remove the Fairing with a couple of twists to the Lock System.
What is flat tire mean in slang?
a dull or socially inept person
a dull or socially inept person.
What does it mean to give someone a flat tire?
When you step on the back of someone's shoe to make it come off, or make them trip. When I gave him a flat tire, everyone laughed. Give that bitch a flat tire, I hate her.
What does flat mean on a car?
1 Answer 1. the flat simply means a flat tire. When you get a flat tire (or just a flat) on your car, there's no air in it and you can't drive (maybe you could but it would be difficult for the car to move and most likely illegal among other things).
What is the synonym of flat?
Synonym: flat . Similar words: attire , attired , lattice , flatter , flattop , flatten , flattery , flattened . Meaning: n. a deflated pneumatic tire.
What is a good sentence for a flat tire?
Sentencedict.com is a online sentence dictionary, on which you can find excellent sentences for a large number of words. 10. I unluckily a flat tire on the way here. 11. Our car had a flat tire. 12. Todd changed her flat tire quickly. 13. It's a flat tire. It'should only take a couple of minutes to change it. 14.


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Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
A person authorized to act for and under the direction of another person when dealing with third parties. The person who appoints an agent is called the principal. An agent can enter into binding agreements on the principal's behalf and may even create liability for the principal if the agent causes harm while carrying out his or her duties. Also called an attorney-in-fact.
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:10 pm


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Published: August 18, 2020
Total Running Time: 00:01:10;01
Collecting and visualizing data allows us to see critical issues: a surge in COVID cases, toxins in garden soil, where the climate is warming fastest. Tonight, we hear (and see!) three stories of how data visualization is being used to detect, inform, and spur action on COVID-19, environmental justice, and climate change.


National Integration: Hindu, Muslim students eat together in Minority Residential Schools
Hyderabad: Nutritious food is being provided at 204 Minority Residential schools. Secretary Minority School Society B. Shafiullah told that the menu in minority schools prepared by nutritionists. According to which nutritious food is provided. Milk, egg and fruits are provided in the breakfast, whereas various vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes are selected for lunch and dinner.
Society had given contract of food to a private company for catering but cancelled the contract due to its unsatisfactory service.
Mr. Shafiullah further told that 75 pc of the students belong to minorities, while 25 pc belong to non-minorities. All the student do breakfast lunch and dinner together. All irrespective of religion enjoy the food together. He appealed minorities to benefit from the minority residential schools.
Siasat news


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Scattered across the landscape of Japan are Shinto shrines of various shapes and sizes. In many of the larger shrines you'll find one or more especially old trees known as Goshinboku which means "sacred tree."
Sacred trees are usually massive in size and centuries old with some reportedly over 1,000 years old. You can usually tell them from the shimenawa wrapped around their trunks. A shimenawa is an extremely thick rope which encloses something holy and wards off evil from outside.
These age-old trees are beautiful specimens of nature's strength and longevity and add an extra level of serenity to their shrines. However, in the past month someone or some group has been killing off these sacred trees of shrines in 5 separate prefectures in Japan's mid-west.
The So-Kawachi Daimei Shrine in Ehime Prefecture sits in the tiny remote village of Namegawa nestled in the mountainous outskirts of Toon (T-OH-N) city. It is home to a pair of sacred hinoki (Japanese cypress) trees each over 500 years old.
In September 2012, strange holes were found around the base of their trunks and substantial withering was taking place throughout the trees. A subsequent police investigation found traces of chemical used an "arboricide" or tree poison.
After long consideration the shrine determined that the considerably weakened trees posed a risk of collapse and needed to be cut down on 26 December.
The day before, the head priest and townspeople held a ritual to pray for the safe removal of the trees. The priest gave a Shinto prayer known as a norito to thank the trees for their protection of the shrine from the elements for so many years.
"For many years these trees and I have watched over this shrine. With the trees gone, there is only emptiness" said the head priest in a eulogy fused with frustration over someone deliberately killing these landmarks of his shrine.
He then faced the trees one last time and gave an offering of rice and salt so that their souls may be calmed. The following day, after half a millennium, the two trees came down.
As a result of this incident the Japanese Forestry Agency conducted an emergency survey for sacred trees that died by human hands. What they found was a string of sacred tree poisonings across several prefectures west of Aichi.
Kochi Prefecture was hit the hardest with seven sacred trees killed off at shrines located in sparsely populated areas. Tokushima saw three trees die and Wakayama and Aichi prefectures each had one death. Including the twin trees in Ehime Prefecture, the toll comes to 14.
In each case, holes were drilled into the trunks at a depth of about 4cm and a tree killing chemical was injected. The chemical could then travel up the trees' xylem which act like veins and delivers the poison throughout the plant.
Authorities speculate that the trees were poisoned and killed in an effort to get their "sacred" lumber that would fetch an extremely high price as a building material.
The Forestry Agency sent out warnings to all local law enforcement in an effort to better coordinate and track the tree killer or killers.
Considering the punishment for stealing ten yen from a temple, there's likely a hefty punishment for destroying ancient holy trees at shrines in Japan. Even if whoever killed the trees isn't caught, they're definitely racking up bachiatari (bad karma) by the truck load.
▼ Site of the twin sacred tree victims in Ehime Prefecture.


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TP 2 Verb-Noun Collocations
Upper Intermediate level
To provide students with practice on verb-noun collocations within the context of their role models or important persons both past and present.
To provide practice in speaking fluency using verb-noun collocations in the context of role models and important people
Procedure (26-36 minutes)
Teacher introduces themselves. Teacher uses Google Slides document to begin Lead-in questions.(2 questions) Teacher shares link to Dialog and Question Worksheet. Learners give 3 minutes to complete. Upon completion learners are assigned a partner and instructed to share answers. Teacher requests answers from one learner of each pair. OCFB is given.
Teacher returns to Google Slides document. Teacher guides students on basic verb-noun structure and uses 2 examples to clarify meaning, form and pronunciation. Teacher give light drills to all students using examples.
Teacher gives link of Google Forms Multiple Choice Questions to learners via Zoom chat. Learners advised to read carefully and complete by filling in the blanks with the correct verb in the correct tense. Learners have 5 mins to complete this task. Learners advised to not submit answers. Learners are to check their answers with their partners from previous task via Zoom Chat. Answer check is given 2 mins to complete. Upon completion learners are to submit and OCFB is done.
Learners instructed to talk with their group members about their role models or great persons in the music industry, favorite artists etc. Learners instructed to attempt to use the proper verb-noun collocations in their discussions. Learners placed in Breakout Room groups of 2 or 3 dependent on class size. Task to be completed in 5 mins. Monitor learners for any errors in verb-noun collocations and perform instant feedback where necessary.


Paper 2011/280
DDH-like Assumptions Based on Extension Rings
Ronald Cramer, Ivan Damgaard, Eike Kiltz, Sarah Zakarias, and Angela Zottarel
Abstract
We introduce and study a new type of DDH-like assumptions based on groups of prime order q. Whereas standard DDH is based on encoding elements of F_{q} ''in the exponent'' of elements in the group, we ask what happens if instead we put in the exponent elements of the extension ring R_f= \F_{q}[X]/(f) where f can be any degree-d polynomial. We show that solving the decision problem that follows naturally reduces to the case where f is irreducible. This variant is called the d-DDH problem, where 1-DDH is standard DDH. Essentially any known cryptographic construction based on DDH can be immediately generalized to use instead d-DDH, and we show in the generic group model that d-DDH is harder than DDH. This means that virtually any application of DDH can now be realized with the same (amortized) efficiency, but under a potentially weaker assumption. On the negative side, we also show that d-DDH, just like DDH, is easy in bilinear groups. This motivates our suggestion of a different type of assumption, the d-vector DDH problems (VDDH), which are based on f(X)= X^d, but with a twist to avoid the problems with reducible polynomials. We show in the generic group model that VDDH is hard in bilinear groups and that in fact the problems become harder with increasing d and hence form an infinite hierarchy. We show that hardness of VDDH implies CCA-secure encryption, efficient Naor-Reingold style pseudorandom functions, and auxiliary input secure encryption, a strong form of leakage resilience. This can be seen as an alternative to the known family of k-linear assumptions.
Metadata
Available format(s)
PDF
Category
Public-key cryptography
Publication info
Published elsewhere. Unknown where it was published
Keywords
DDHPublic Key EncryptionPRFLeakage Resilient Encryption
Contact author(s)
angela @ cs au dk
History
2012-03-07: last of 4 revisions
2011-05-30: received
See all versions
Short URL
_URL_
License
Creative Commons Attribution
CC BY
BibTeX
@misc{cryptoeprint:2011/280,
 author = {Ronald Cramer and Ivan Damgaard and Eike Kiltz and Sarah Zakarias and Angela Zottarel},
 title = {DDH-like Assumptions Based on Extension Rings},
 howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2011/280},
 year = {2011},
 note = {\url{_URL_
 url = {_URL_
}
Note: In order to protect the privacy of readers, eprint.iacr.org does not use cookies or embedded third party content.


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CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tablename attributes [GLOBAL [ALL|KEYS|INCLUDE] INDEX global_index]
CREATE TABLE foobars (id STRING HASH KEY); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS foobars (id STRING HASH KEY); CREATE TABLE foobars (id STRING HASH KEY, foo BINARY RANGE KEY, THROUGHPUT (1, 1)); CREATE TABLE foobars (id STRING HASH KEY, foo BINARY RANGE KEY, ts NUMBER INDEX('ts-index'), views NUMBER INDEX('views-index')); CREATE TABLE foobars (id STRING HASH KEY, bar STRING) GLOBAL INDEX ('bar-index', bar, THROUGHPUT (1, 1)); CREATE TABLE foobars (id STRING HASH KEY, baz NUMBER, THROUGHPUT (2, 2)) GLOBAL INDEX ('bar-index', bar STRING, baz) GLOBAL INCLUDE INDEX ('baz-index', baz, ['bar'], THROUGHPUT (4, 2));
Create a new table. You must have exactly one hash key, zero or one range keys, and up to five local indexes and five global indexes. You must have a range key in order to have any local indexes.
- IF NOT EXISTS
- If present, do not through an exception if the table already exists.
- The name of the table that you want to alter
- A list of attribute declarations of the format (name data type [key
type]) The available data types are
BINARY. You will not need to specify any other type, because these fields are only used for index creation and it is (presently) impossible to index anything other than these three. The available key types are
RANGE KEY, and
[ALL|KEYS|INCLUDE] INDEX(name). At the end of the attribute list you may specify the
THROUGHPUT, which is in the form of
(read_throughput, write_throughput). If throughput is not specified it will default to
- A global index for the table. You may provide up to 5. The format is
(name, hash key, [range key], [non-key attributes], [throughput]).
If the hash/range key is in the attributes declaration, you don't need
to supply a data type.. non-key attributes should only be provided if it
INCLUDEindex. If throughput is not specified it will default to
Schema Design at a Glance¶
When DynamoDB scales, it partitions based on the hash key. For this reason, all queries (not scans) must include the hash key in the WHERE clause (and optionally the range key or a local/global index). So keep that in mind as you design your schema.
The keypair formed by the hash key and range key is referred to as the 'primary key'. If there is no range key, the primary key is just the hash key. The primary key is unique among items in the table. No two items may have the same primary key.
From a query standpoint, local indexes behave nearly the same as a range key. The main difference is that the hash key + range key pair doesn't have to be unique.
Global indexes can be thought of as adding additional hash and range keys to the table. They allow you to query a table on a different hash key than the one defined on the table. Global indexes have throughput that is managed independently of the table they are on. Global index keys do not have a uniqueness constraint (there may be multiple items in the table that have the same hash and range key).
Read Amazon's documentation for Create Table for more information.