I'm trying to modify the Doc2vec tutorial to calculate cosine similarity and take Pandas dataframes instead of.txt documents. I want to find the most similar sentence to a new sentence I put in from my data. However, after training, even if I give almost the same sentence that's present in the dataset, I get low-accuracy results as the top result and none of them is the sentence I modified. For example I have the sentence "This is a nice cat you have." in the dataset I train Doc2vec with, then I use the new sentence "This cat you have is quite nice." as input, and it doesn't bring up the first sentence as similar.
Data comes from an excel sheet, and has roughly the looks of:
 Description | Group | Number
0 Sent: This is a sentence Regular NUM1234
1 Sent: Another sentence Regular NUM1243
2 Sent: Basically all the input Other group NUM1278
3 Sent: Creating a test case to validate the routing between applications. No action needed at this moment
 | Other group | NUM1287
I have the following code (some code not needed for comprehension was trimmed):
df = pd.read_excel("my_data.xls")
df["Description"] = df["Description"].apply(lambda x: removeGeneric(x)) _TAG_() just strips "Sent:" from the beginning of each sentence
for index, row in df.iterrows():
 row["Description"] = row["Description"].lower()
 row["Description"] = normalize_text(row["Description"]) _TAG_() removes stopwords defined in the nltk package and words shorter than 2 characters
SentimentDocument = namedtuple('SentimentDocument', 'words tags')
alldocs = []
for index, row in df.iterrows():
 words = gensim.utils.to_unicode(row["Description"]).split()
 tags = [row["Number"]]
 alldocs.append(SentimentDocument(words, tags))
doc_list = alldocs[:]
cores = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
assert gensim.models.doc2vec.FAST_VERSION > -1, "This will be painfully slow otherwise"
simple_models = [
 # PV-DM w/ concatenation - window=5 (both sides) approximates paper's 10-word total window size
 Doc2Vec(dm=1, dm_concat=1, size=100, window=5, negative=5, hs=0, min_count=2, workers=cores),
 # PV-DBOW
 Doc2Vec(dm=0, size=100, negative=5, hs=0, min_count=2, workers=cores),
 # PV-DM w/ average
 Doc2Vec(dm=1, dm_mean=1, size=100, window=10, negative=5, hs=0, min_count=2, workers=cores),
# Speed up setup by sharing results of the 1st model's vocabulary scan
simple_models[0].build_vocab(alldocs) # PV-DM w/ concat requires one special NULL word so it serves as template
for model in simple_models[1:]:
models_by_name = OrderedDict((str(model), model) for model in simple_models)
from random import shuffle
alpha, min_alpha, passes = (0.025, 0.001, 20)
alpha_delta = (alpha - min_alpha) / passes
print("START %s" % datetime.datetime.now())
for epoch in range(passes):
 for name, train_model in models_by_name.items():
 # Train
 duration = 'na'
 train_model.alpha, train_model.min_alpha = alpha, alpha
 with elapsed_timer() as elapsed:
 train_model.train(doc_list, total_examples=len(doc_list), epochs=1)
for model in simple_models:
 new_sentence = "Test case creation to validation of routing between applications. No action needed" _TAG_ how I'm testing with a sentence very similar to one in the original dataset
 new_sentence = removeGeneric(new_sentence)
 new_sentence = normalize_text(new_sentence)
For this I get the following output:
[('NUM1254', 0.3154909014701843), ('NUM5247', 0.2487245500087738)]
[('NUM3875', 0.20226456224918365), ('NUM3793', 0.1970052272081375)]
[('NUM3585', 0.13086965680122375), ('NUM3857', 0.1298370361328125)]
creating test case validate routing applications action needed moment
All the recommendations are completely unrelated, sentences like "site id plant address good owner electricity request approved number al district province" show up; the sentence it's actually close to (the sentence "Creating a test case to validate the routing between applications. No action needed at this moment" from the dataset) is not on the list.
Can you see anything that I'm doing wrong? What could I do to improve accuracy? Has anyone else experienced this inaccuracy in doc2vec's cosine similarity prediction? If I hand-code the implementation (like this for example), it does give the correct answers, which are completely different than those from doc2vec (but actually accurate).
 - $\begingroup$ Funny thing is, when I calculate cosine similarity "by hand" (via hand-coded Python), it does show that the sentences are 80-90% similar. But Doc2vec won't find the similarity. $\endgroup$ – lte__ Nov 6 '17 at 11:33
 - $\begingroup$ have you tried new_vector = model.infer(new_sentence) in your for model in simple_models loop? $\endgroup$ – Danny Dec 14 '19 at 6:57
 - $\begingroup$ Did it work? I am excited to see your results and to actually see if Doc2Vec is performing incorrectly. $\endgroup$ – Danny Dec 17 '19 at 5:12
I think you are missing the model.infer_vector(new_sentence). You need to infer the new vectors based on your trained model. You can find more details in Assessing the Model section here.
The similarity is between vectors but not the normalised tokens. So, you have to infer them first using your model.
Your Answer


Lecture 2 – Power and Symmetrical Components 100% value p.u. ...
sentencecopyElectronics - Devices
Oct 13, 2013 (4 years and 7 months ago)
112 views
2.1
Power Circuit Theory 2011
Lecture 2 – Power and Symmetrical Components
Per-unit values. Power flow in an interconnector. Modelling of power system
loads. Introduction to symmetrical components.
Per-Unit Values of Electrical Quantities
Definition
Per-unit values are used extensively in power system calculations. The per-unit
value is defined as the ratio of a physical value of some quantity to a base (or
reference) value. Thus the relevant physical quantities, like voltage, current,
etc. are expressed as pure non-dimensional numbers, traditionally designated
by the label "per unit" or "p.u.". Per-unit values are frequently expressed in
percent.
100% valuep.u. value%
valuebase
valuephysical
valuep.u.

(2.1)
The "physical value" may be real or complex. The "base value" is always real.
Base Values
To be useful, the p.u. values must obey standard network equations, like
Ohm's Law, etc. That means that the base values cannot be chosen
independently. The usual practice is to choose the base values for power and
voltage, and then calculate compatible base values for current and impedance.
The base power
base
S
(used for
S
,
P
, and
Q
) is usually one of the following:
 Equipment VA rating (either total or "per phase"), when dealing with a
single item, or a number of items with equal VA ratings.
 An arbitrarily assigned figure, when dealing with a collection of items
with different individual VA ratings. A commonly used figure for large
power systems is
MVA 100
base
S (total three-phase value).
p.u. value defined
2.2
Power Circuit Theory 2011
The base voltage
base
V
may be either of the following:
The nominal voltage of the power system (line-to-line voltage).
The nominal phase voltage of an equivalent star system, i.e. the
nominal system voltage divided by
3.
Care is required by the inexperienced to decide which of the two possible base
voltages to use in a particular case.
Having decided on
base
S
and
base
V
, the values of base current and base
impedance are calculated as in the following table. The table is organised in
two columns. Experienced power systems engineers generally use, for three-
phase calculations, the formulae in the second column, but students may find it
less confusing to stick with the first column, and work with all quantities "per
phase".
Single-phase and 3-phase,
using phase voltage, phase
current and power per phase
as base values
3-phase, using line voltage,
line current, 3-phase power
and equivalent star
impedance
 
 
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
base
S
V
Z
S
V
Z
I
V
Z
I
V
Z
V
S
I
V
S
I
22
oror
3
3

(2.2)
(2.3)
(2.4)
(2.5)
(2.6)
Note that Eq. (2.6) is identical for both columns.
Table of base
values
2.3
Power Circuit Theory 2011
In network calculations all per-unit parameters must be determined on a
common value of
base
S
for the entire network. When the network includes
transformers, the value of
base
V
are changed for different parts of the network
according to the turns ratio of the transformers. Hence
base
I
and
base
Z
are also
changed.
Base Conversion of Impedance
Frequently the p.u. value of impedance
given
up
Z
..
is known, based on
given
up
S
..
, say the equipment rating, but we need
..up
Z
on a different VA base
 
new
base
S
. It is easy to show that:
   
 
given
base
new
base
given
up
new
up
S
S
ZZ
....
(2.7)
Advantages of Using Per-Unit Values
Numerical values of p.u. values tend to fall within narrow ranges, making it
easier to detect errors. More importantly, the fact that the numerical range of
variables is close to "1" means that the numerical methods used in the
computer solution of power system equations are able to operate on "well-
conditioned" matrices. This is important for large systems where there may be
significant errors due to "machine number" round-off. Also, the need to handle
very large or small numbers is eliminated. This advantage is lost if we make
the value of
base
S
too far removed from equipment ratings.
Calculations involving transformers are simplified, since the p.u. value of
impedance is the same whether referred to the high voltage or the low voltage
winding.
A common power
base must be used
for an entire network
2.4
Power Circuit Theory 2011
Power Flow in an Interconnector
The General Problem
A large power supply network is a collection of many buses (nodes), some
connected to generators, and some to loads, but all interconnected via
transmission lines and/or transformers. There is a need to simultaneously
control node voltages and power flow. In what follows, we focus on a single
interconnector between node 1 and node 2 in such a network. We will assume
coupling to other interconnectors to be negligible.
V
1
I
y=g+jb
V
2
S
12
S
12
Figure 2.1
Let:
2 nodeat arriving 1 node frompower
2 node towards1 node leavingpower
2 and 1 nodesbetween admittancebranch
2 nodeat voltage)(phase voltage
1 nodeat voltage)(phase voltage
212121
212121
2112
2
1




jQPS
jQPS
jbgy
VV
V
V
(2.8)
At node 1:
 
 
 
 
 
 
_PHONE_
2
1
121221
2
1
*
*
21
2
1
*
*
21
*
1
*
121
sincos
sincos


VVjVVVjbg
jVVVy
VVVyVVyVIVS



 
var/phasecossin
W/phasesincos
2
_PHONE_
_PHONE_
2
121
VVVbVVgQ
VVbVVVgP




(2.9)
(2.10)
(2.11)
2.5
Power Circuit Theory 2011
At node 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1221
2
21221
2
_PHONE_
*
2
22
*
1
*
*
21
*
2
*
221
sincos
sincos


VVjVVVjbg
VjVVy
VVVyVVyVIVS



 
var/phasecossin
W/phasesincos
2
21221122121
1221
2
_PHONE_
VVVbVVgQ
VVbVVVgP




(2.12)
(2.13)
(2.14)
The complex power lost in the interconnector is:
2
21
2
21
*
2121
VVjbgVVySS 
(2.15)
and by the cosine rule:
 
1221
2
2
2
12121
cos2 VVVVjbgSS 
(2.16)
The result in Eq. (2.16) can also be obtained by subtracting Eq. (2.12) from
Eq. (2.9).
2.6
Power Circuit Theory 2011
The Ideal "Loss Free" Interconnector
Let the interconnector be a pure inductor with impedance
jX
. Then
0
g
and
1
 Xb
. From Eqs. (2.10), (2.11), (2.13) and (2.14):
var/phase
cos
var/phase
cos
W/phasesin
2
21221
21
1221
2
1
21
12
21
2121
X
VVV
Q
X
VVV
Q
X
VV
PP

(2.17)
There is no real power loss, although there is a reactive power loss. The
direction of real power flow is determined entirely by
12
⸠偯.楴i癥
慮s
1
V
leads
2
V
and power flows from node 1 to node 2. The angle
12
猠歮潷渠慳
瑨攠 power angle, in machine theory also as the torque angle.
The average transferred reactive power is:
X
VV
QQ
Q
av
22
2
2
2
1
2121
(2.18)
which indicates that the reactive power flows from the node with the higher
voltage towards the node with the lower voltage, and this flow is not dependent
on
12
⸠䥮⁴桥⁳灥捩慬.獥⁷h敮e
21
VV 
there is no average transferred
reactive power flow, and the reactive power losses are supplied equally from
both ends.
Power flow in an
ideal "loss free"
interconnector
In an inductive
circuit real power
does not necessarily
flow from the higher
voltage node to the
lower voltage node
2.7
Power Circuit Theory 2011
Example
An interconnector has the following known quantities:
kV
3
138
21
 VV,
/ph 80
X
.
Determine the power angle
12
湤⁴桥⁲敡c瑩癥fl潷渠瑨攠汩湥湤猠楦瑨攠
慣瑩癥⁰潷敲汯眠晲潭‱⁴漠㈠楳‱〰⁍⸠
卩湣攠
VVV 
21
, then
12
2
2121
sin
X
V
PP 
. Therefore:
 84.244208.080
138
3
3
100
sin
12
2
12

Then the reactive power flows are:
 
 
Mvar 02.22
Mvar 02.2284.24cos1
80
1
3
138
3
var/ph,cos1
21
2
21
212112
2
21



Q
Q
QQ
X
V
Q 
Note the cancellation of threes and powers of ten in the example.
2.8
Power Circuit Theory 2011
The Static Stability Limit
Differentiating Eq. (2.


text: Naum Krnar was the secretary of Karađorđe, the leader of the First Serbian Uprising. Krnar was an ethnic Greek, hailing from Thessaly. He spoke several languages and worked as a merchant in Belgrade. With the outbreak of the uprising, Krnar, who had enriched himself through the trade of leather and fur, immediately joined Karađorđe in the organization, and became his personal secretary and chairman in the Serbian Ruling Council. It is unknown whether he fled Serbia with Karađorđe after the suppression by the Ottomans in 1813. As many of the Serbian commanders, he found refuge in the Russian Empire. He was a founding member of the Filiki Eteria (1814). On 12 July 1817, on the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, he and Karađorđe secretly crossed the Danube into Serbia, in order to continue the Serbian Revolution, however, the leader of the Second Serbian Uprising, Miloš Obrenović, learnt of this and had them both beheaded, their heads sent to the Sultan in Constantinople. Karađorđe and Krnar stayed in a cottage in the village of Radovanj in the Smederevo nahija. Nikola Novaković, a henchman of Vujica Vulićević, first killed the sleeping Karađorđe with an axe blow to the head, then shot Krnar, who was washing himself and getting water for Karađorđe in the river downwards from the cottage, with a rifle, on 13 July. Novaković beheaded both with his yatagan, and took them with him on horse to Kolare, and then to Belgrade, where he gave them to Miloš Obrenović. Obrenović in turn gave them to Marashli Ali Pasha who took them to Constantinople. The heads were on public display for seven days. They were then held at the Museum of Sciences in Istanbul. They say that Greeks later stole the heads, and took them to Athens to be held in a museum. The bodies of Karađorđe and Krnar were buried in a tomb in Radovanj by priest Jovan and Dragić Vojkić. The body of Karađorđe was transferred to Oplenac in 1919, while Krnar's body is still buried in the tomb.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
To celebrate the winter solstice I will be playing a four hour, four-channel, sound piece in The Arches on the campus of Newcastle University. It will play continuously from 09:00 on Saturday 21st December until 09:00 on Monday 23rd December.
In 1977 John Cage delivered "49 Waltzes for the Five Boroughs" as his contribution to "Waltzes by 25 Contemporary Composers". Cage's score was a listing of 147 New York City street locations, selected and aggregated by the play of chance into 49 groups of three (reflecting the waltz's 3/4 time signature). Cage's view was that what could be seen and heard at these chance locations, the apparently humdrum, the everyday, was as interesting and as worthy of attention, as any formal musical composition.
Taking inspiration from Cage's methods I applied it to a sonic exploration of place, time, distance and movement on an imaginary island (3 miles by 2 miles) in the foothills of the Cheviots. As a musical motif I took a traditional Northumberland folk tune, the rant, and its 4/4 time signature.
I randomly identified and arranged 16 locations on the island into four sets of four locations – each set of four comprised one rant. Walking on the summer solstice, I recorded my movement between the locations and at each I recorded the sounds of the place for a randomly determined time of up to 4 minutes. A walk and a place make a step; a rant is four steps; steps are of differing distances and durations.
The rants play from the four speakers, in the sequence they were walked; the four rants last for four hours. There are silences.
Each place has its own sounds – sound that occur and recur as I tread the fields, paths and roads of the island – birdsong, sheep, gates; there are machines and dogs – yet few people … Whilst these places are tangible they are both real – there is obvious and real walking occurring – and also unreal – they are defined by their locations on an imagined island.
Dimensions of time play through the work. The 4/4 musical time signature of the rant offers a tempo which can be played into the rhythm of my footfall. But time is not always what it seems … there is time within each rant – time at the places themselves and the time of walking from place to place – but this is time condensed as you hear four steps together from the four speakers – you listen across time within one rant. Over four rants you are listening to the changing time of a day – my walks took12 hours.; you hear early morning, midday and evening. And there is a slower, longer, time – the time of the year – as you listen to this on a winter solstice yet I walked on a summer solstice – you are listening back across time, across seasons.
I am walking in summer and, here and now, in wintertime Newcastle, you are far removed from where I am walking. You are moving through The Arches; I am moving from place to place in the steady criss-crossing of my island as I go from place to place, rant to rant. Individual steps vary from a few hundred yards to a few miles but, taken together, as you move the 10 yards through The Arches, you listening across 24 miles.
Listen … listen to the rants … listen to the memories of your own walks, your own experiences, your own seasons … hear something unique.


=None) Return the path to the file named *filename*. If no match is found *filename* is returned. This does not equal a failure since it could be the path to the file. Setting *subdir* indicates a relative path to use to find the file rather than looking directly in the path directories... function:: run_unittest(\*classes) Execute :class:'unittest.TestCase' subclasses passed to the function. The function scans the classes for methods starting with the prefix ''test_'' and executes the tests individually. It is also legal to pass strings as parameters; these should be keys in ''sys.modules''. Each associated module will be scanned by ''unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule()''. This is usually seen in the following :func:'test_main' function:: def test_main(): support.run_unittest(__name__) This will run all tests defined in the named module... function:: run_doctest(module, verbosity=None) Run :func:'doctest.testmod' on the given *module*. Return ''(failure_count, test_count)''. If *verbosity* is ''None'', :func:'doctest.testmod' is run with verbosity set to :data:'verbose'. Otherwise, it is run with verbosity set to ''None''... function:: check_warnings(\*filters, quiet=True) A convenience wrapper for :func:'warnings.catch_warnings()' that makes it easier to test that a warning was correctly raised. It is approximately equivalent to calling ''warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)'' with :meth:'warnings.simplefilter' set to ''always'' and with the option to automatically validate the results that are recorded. ''check_warnings'' accepts 2-tuples of the form ''("message regexp", WarningCategory)'' as positional arguments. If one or more *filters* are provided, or if the optional keyword argument *quiet* is ''False'', it checks to make sure the warnings are as expected: each specified filter must match at least one of the warnings raised by the enclosed code or the test fails, and if any warnings are raised that do not match any of the specified filters the test fails. To disable the first of these checks, set *quiet* to ''True''. If no arguments are specified, it defaults to:: check_warnings(("", Warning), quiet=True) In this case all warnings are caught and no errors are raised. On entry to the context manager, a :class:'WarningRecorder' instance is returned. The underlying warnings list from :func:'~warnings.catch_warnings' is available via the recorder object's :attr:'warnings' attribute. As a convenience, the attributes of the object representing the most recent warning can also be accessed directly through the recorder object (see example below). If no warning has been raised, then any of the attributes that would otherwise be expected on an object representing a warning will return ''None''. The recorder object also has a :meth:'reset' method, which clears the warnings list. The context manager is designed to be used like this:: with check_warnings(("assertion is always true", SyntaxWarning), ("", UserWarning)): exec('assert(False, "Hey!")') warnings.warn(UserWarning("Hide me!")) In this case if either warning was not raised, or some other warning was raised, :func:'check_warnings' would raise an error. When a test needs to look more deeply into the warnings, rather than just checking whether or not they occurred, code like this can be used:: with check_warnings(quiet=True) as w: warnings.warn("foo") assert str(w.args[0]) == "foo" warnings.warn("bar") assert str(w.args[0]) == "bar" assert str(w.warnings[0].args[0]) == "foo" assert str(w.warnings[1].args[0]) == "bar" w.reset() assert len(w.warnings) == 0 Here all warnings will be caught, and the test code tests the captured warnings directly... versionchanged:: 3.2 New optional arguments *filters* and *quiet*... function:: captured_stdin() captured_stdout() captured_stderr() A context managers that temporarily replaces the named stream with :class:'io.StringIO' object. Example use with output streams:: with captured_stdout() as stdout, captured_stderr() as stderr: print("hello") print("error", file=sys.stderr) assert stdout.getvalue() == "hello\n" assert stderr.getvalue() == "error\n" Example use with input stream:: with captured_stdin() as stdin: stdin.write('hello\n') stdin.seek(0) # call test code that consumes from sys.stdin captured = input() self.assertEqual(captured, "hello").. function:: temp_dir(path=None, quiet=False) A context manager that creates a temporary directory at *path* and yields the directory. If *path* is None, the temporary directory is created using :func:'tempfile.mkdtemp'. If *quiet* is ''False'', the context manager raises an exception on error. Otherwise, if *path* is specified and cannot be created, only a warning is issued... function:: change_cwd(path, quiet=False) A context manager that temporarily changes the current working directory to *path* and yields the directory. If *quiet* is ''False'', the context manager raises an exception on error. Otherwise, it issues only a warning and keeps the current working directory the same... function:: temp_cwd(name='tempcwd', quiet=False) A context manager that temporarily creates a new directory and changes the current working directory (CWD). The context manager creates a temporary directory in the current directory with name *name* before temporarily changing the current working directory. If *name* is None, the temporary directory is created using :func:'tempfile.mkdtemp'. If *quiet* is ''False'' and it is not possible to create or change the CWD, an error is raised. Otherwise, only a warning is raised and the original CWD is used... function:: temp_umask(umask) A context manager that temporarily sets the process umask... function:: can_symlink() Return ''True'' if the OS supports symbolic links, ''False'' otherwise... decorator:: skip_unless_symlink() A decorator for running tests that require support for symbolic links... decorator:: anticipate_failure(condition) A decorator to conditionally mark tests with :func:'unittest.expectedFailure'. Any use of this decorator should have an associated comment identifying the relevant tracker issue... decorator:: run_with_locale(catstr, *locales) A decorator for running a function in a different locale, correctly resetting it after it has finished. *catstr* is the locale category as a string (for example ''"LC_ALL"''). The *locales* passed will be tried sequentially, and the first valid locale will be used... function:: make_bad_fd() Create an invalid file descriptor by opening and closing a temporary file, and returning its descripor... function:: import_module(name, deprecated=False) This function imports and returns the named module. Unlike a normal import, this function raises :exc:'unittest.SkipTest' if the module cannot be imported. Module and package deprecation messages are suppressed during this import if *deprecated* is ''True''... versionadded:: 3.1.. function:: import_fresh_module(name, fresh=(), blocked=(), deprecated=False) This function imports and returns a fresh copy of the named Python module by removing the named module from ''sys.modules'' before doing the import. Note that unlike :func:'reload', the original module is not affected by this operation. *fresh* is an iterable of additional module names that are also removed from the ''sys.modules'' cache before doing the import. *blocked* is an iterable of module names that are replaced with ''None'' in the module cache during the import to ensure that attempts to import them raise :exc:'ImportError'. The named module and any modules named in the *fresh* and *blocked* parameters are saved before starting the import and then reinserted into ''sys.modules'' when the fresh import is complete. Module and package deprecation messages are suppressed during this import if *deprecated* is ''True''. This function will raise :exc:'ImportError' if the named module cannot be imported. Example use:: # Get copies of the warnings module for testing without affecting the # version being used by the rest of the test suite. One copy uses the # C implementation, the other is forced to use the pure Python fallback # implementation py_warnings = import_fresh_module('warnings', blocked=['_warnings']) c_warnings = import_fresh_module('warnings', fresh=['_warnings']).. versionadded:: 3.1.. function:: bind_port(sock, host=HOST) Bind the socket to a free port and return the port number. Relies on ephemeral ports in order to ensure we are using an unbound port. This is important as many tests may be running simultaneously, especially in a buildbot environment. This method raises an exception if the ''sock.family'' is :const:'~socket.AF_INET' and ''sock.type'' is :const:'~socket.SOCK_STREAM', and the socket has :const:'~socket.SO_REUSEADDR' or :const:'~socket.SO_REUSEPORT' set on it. Tests should never set these socket options for TCP/IP sockets. The only case for setting these options is testing multicasting via multiple UDP sockets. Additionally, if the :const:'~socket.SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE' socket option is available (i.e. on Windows), it will be set on the socket. This will prevent anyone else from binding to our host/port for the duration of the test... function:: find_unused_port(family=socket.AF_INET, socktype=socket.SOCK_STREAM) Returns an


text:
Ans– The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an extremely permanent worldwide intergovernmental association. It was laid out in 2001 in Shanghai city of China. In under twenty years, SCO has arisen as a vital territorial association In the Eurasian space.
Shanghai cooperation organization comprises of–
- 40% Global population.
- 22% of the world's landmass.
- 20% of global GDP.
Member countries of the Shanghai cooperation organization– there are 8 members state and for observed States.
The Observer States–
In the historic meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in Astana in 2017, India and Pakistan became full members of the organization.
The main objectives of the organization are–
- Natural trust and neighbors.
- Effective cooperation, trade, politics, research, etc.
- Creates democratic political and economic order.
- To strengthen relations between member states.
- Mutual benefits trust, constitution.
- Joint efforts to maintain peace.
The supreme dynamic body in the Shanghai collaboration association is held up steek Council (HSC). The HSC meets one time per year and embraces rules and choices on immensely significant issues of the SCO. As of late, India interestingly facilitated the top of the public authority meeting of the SCO.
The center region of this virtual gathering was on fostering an arrangement to defeat the financial outcomes of Coronavirus in the locale. given the rising job and meaning of the SCO in the Eurasian region and then some, India is probably going to help more in the long haul. Subsequently, gives the open door to India to satisfy its public interest.
Relevance of SCO in India's regional interest–
- Regional security.
- Dealing with China and Pakistan.
- Connect Central Asia.
Regional security– As is an integral part of Eurasian security grouping. it will enable India to–
- counter any country using religious extremists or terrorism.
- It bound other members of SCO to help in the prevention and eradication of extremists from the soil.
Managing China and Pakistan-SCO gives India a discussion where it can productively connect with both China and Pakistan in a territorial setting. The reality of respective commitment with China and Pakistan is furnished to draw in with the two nations in any event, during LAC spend off.
Interface with Central Asia-SCO is likewise an expected stage to propel India's association with Central Asian strategy. It is very significant because it will improve the strategic position of India with Europe and Asia. The central Asia region is richly endowed with crude oil natural gas etc. Will improve the Civil Nuclear deal with Kazakhstan, TAPI pipeline, etc. Also, the golden crescent of opium production.
The SCO provides India a way for its outreach–
- Making the situation normal in Afghanistan.
- Checking China.
- Strategic balancing.
SCO members are stakeholders in bringing stability to Afghanistan. The raising extremism in Afghanistan is a threat to the whole Central Asian region. Many SCO members have already deployed their military in the border area. Russia has invited India to play its role in maintaining peace. in this context, SEO is a crucial platform to engage with members and make their plans for bringing peace.
The SCO is seen as the true counterweight to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The SCO can play a role in balancing west and east strategically. Russia has been a time-tested ally of India against the USA.
Challenges to India–
- Denial of direct land connectivity.
- Growing Russia-China convergence.
- The difference over BRI.
- India Pakistan rivalry.
- Maintaining Quad and SCO.
SCO stands apart as a participatory and dynamic multilateral intergovernmental Eurasian stage to discuss, examine and think on issues, for example, basic energy necessities, conventional and modern transportation joins exchange help arrangements and harmony and security around here.
India is probably to benefit in the long run, warily exploring through the difficulties. One of them is the disavowal of key land availability from India through Pakistan and Afghanistan to the Eurasian far comes to. The significant hindrance comes in the method of India's hydrocarbon investigation which has been impeded by the absence of availability. One more stone in a clear way is the three-sided combination of interests and another developing condition between China, Pakistan, and Russia which should be checked at an essential level through tact.


HYBRID EVENT: You can participate in person at Paris, France or Virtually from your home or work.
6th Edition of World Congress on Infectious Diseases
June 24-26, 2024 | Paris, France
June 24 -26, 2024 | Paris, France
Infection 2024
Laura Fermiano Bastos
Speaker at Infectious Diseases Conferences - Laura Fermiano Bastos
University Center Assis Gurgacz Foundation, Brazil
Title : Analysis of the influence of the covid- 19 pandemic on reported malaria cases in Brazilian macroregions between 2018 and 2022
Abstract:
This article aims to identify the impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic on malaria cases in the North, Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, and South regions of Brazil, given the similarity of initial symptoms, the need for reallocation of resources, and the burden on public health systems, factors that may have affected the proper differentiation and timely treatment of both diseases.
Biography:
Dr. Laura Fermiano Bastos, a physician graduated from the Fundação Assis Gurgacz in 2024, is recognized for her commitment to academic excellence in cardiovascular surgery. As a speaker, she has presented at significant events such as the 49th Brazilian Congress of Cardiovascular Surgery and the 31st World Congress of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery in 2023. She was awarded for her research on the Impact of Covid-19 on cardiovascular surgery in state of Paraná, showcasing her dedication to advancing medicine and addressing challenges in the medical field.
Watsapp


Musicians tend to write chords with regular characters. They use # instead of a genuine sharp, they use b instead of a genuine flat and dim instead of a small circle. With the Chord Symbols font, your chords will be better looking, more easily readable and more efficiently notated. This font helps you to write the chords the way you like it. Whether you prefer maj7 or m7 or a small triangle for a major seventh, whether you want m, mi, min or a horizontal line for a minor chord, this font will suit you.
The Chord Symbols font is originally created out of the need to write chords above pop song lyrics. It is designed to also work smoothly in music notation software, like Sibelius, Finale and Encore. Here is a list of the most important keystrokes used in the font:
Roots and chord quality
A…G AG @ @
M M # #
I I [ [
N N ] ]
_ _ / /
Alterations and additions
a…z az < <
0…9 09 > >
^ ^ & &
o o * *
\ \ + +
( (
) ) % %
Here are some examples of what characters to use:
F#M F#M B@9 B@9
 E7sus4 E7sus4 F/G F/G
C^ C^ D7<5 D7<5
A\ A\ Cdim Cdim
The Chord Symbols font is available at MyFonts for 24 USD or 20 euro.
If you have any questions concerning the font, please contact me at _EMAIL_.


text:
BUSINESS AND RESEARCH CONSULTANT
Client: ASI: National Technology Initiative
Project goal: develop proposals for a long-term concept of professional training in the field of virtual and augmented reality.
- Prepared a presentation and functional matrix for the project.
Client: Regional office of Central Bank of Russia
Project goal: develop of a complex program to improve financial and IT literacy of citizens in the Crimean region.
- Presented one-year program that can enhance financial and IT the literacy in target audience.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


GSvit documentation
open source FDTD solver with GPU support
User Tools
Site Tools
GSvit in a nutshell
GSvit is an open source software for electromagnetic field propagation calculations via Finite Difference in Time Domain method (FDTD). In this numerical technique, electric and magnetic field values (vectors) in some computational volume are calculated iteratively, solving Maxwell equations, step by step. In order to do this, computational volume needs to be discretized very densely, which affects computational demandness of FDTD, being very large both in processor time and in memory.
Original motivation for writing GSvit was to explore parallelization possibilities offered by graphics cards in the field of numerical electromagnetics. By successive improvements it became rather universal software that can be used in different fields of physics and engineering and we continue in improving the applicability for different tasks. Already now, GSvit features both command line and graphical user interface, can be run on different operating systems and can be used with many different geometries, materials, source conditions, boundaries, etc.
To start your work with GSvit, follow the instructions on Gettng started page.
If you find GSvit valuable for your work, you can cite some of our articles describing its core parts:
motivation/gsvit_in_a_nutshell.txt · Last modified: 2018/01/24 08:14 (external edit)


text:
Remus/Setup Remus for Backlogging
The following Tutorial will show you how to setup a fresh install of Remus to use as a backlog for Links and Notes. At the end you'll have a configured instance which can be used for backlogging your links notes and source-code snippets that are immediately shared.
NOTE All screenshots are made with the Remus Standalone Build (RCP) if you use Remus in your Eclipse IDE the appearance will be slightly different. Some actions are different
Step 1: Installing the required information units
Therefore open the Eclipse marketplace and install the information types "Link" and "Text" (see picture). This will install 4 new information types (LINKS, Unformatted Text, Formatted Text, SourceCode).
After the installation you'll be asked to restart the application.
Step 2: Setup the Webshot-Functionality (Optional)
An important feature for backlogging links to have a visual representation of the link. A webshot (a screenshot of the webpage) is optimal for this need. There a few free handy tools doing webshotting but unfortunately a distribution is not possible due to Licensing issues, you have to download the items for your own. To setup the webshotting open the Preferences at Remus->Information types->Links. Remus supports for each platform at least one webshotting tool.
- Select with the pulldown the tool for your operating system
- Click on the download link. You'll be redirected to the official page of the provider of the tool
- Download and unzip the tool into any location
- Enter the location to the recently extracted executable (for Mac: the location of the script) in the text field.
The following picture shows IECapt (Windows). The IECapt.exe is extracted into C:\
The setup of webshotting is optional and can be done also if you already have created information units in your workspace.
If you minimize Remus the desktop-panel will appear. By default it will have three desktop-sections.
- A search input field
- The Drop-Section with a borders area where you can drop things or a Paste-Button to forward the input of your clipboard to Remus.
- The notifications
The most important section is for us the Drop-Section. With this section you drop anything you want into the application (alternatively the content of your clipboard). To convert the data into a data-structure that is readable by Remus and makes sense for you, you can write rules. Rules are triggered on several events, e.g. if you drop text content into this section. Remus gives you a selection of possible relevant rules, you select a rule and the rule is executed. In the most cases the result of this execution is a new information unit is Remus. The most important thing is that you don't have to click through dozens of dialogs you can create a new information without any user-interaction.
By default no rules are installed (excepting the rules to install rules). For installing new rules Remus eats its own dogfood. At first we try to install a simple rule. Therefore select link section below and either drop it into the drop-section.
Drop this link into the Remus drop section
If you have no possibility to drag a link, open the link and drag or copy-past the contained content.
After the drop you'll see a new popup which gives you the choice of relevant rules to execute. Click on the "Install" Rule, select the Rule to install and press okay. Now what happened? The following image describes the workflow
- We have dropped the link to the Section. The rule engine will check if there is one or multiple rules that could deal with the data you have dropped
- You get a popup
- IDE users have several markets installed. They have to switch to the Remus Marketplace (see the link under the content-listing)
- IDE users have a separate Action with the Remus Icon in their main-toolbar.


text: An epileptic seizure and postictal period in addition to well-known features are also characterized by massive consumption of energy. This is thought to lead to oxidative stress and increased generation of free radicals, which is reflected by increased levels of oxidative products. Our previous work described the neuroprotective effects of melatonin in preventing cognitive worsening after a single epileptic seizure. This work was aimed on direct measurement of free radicals in brain tissue using the EPR method 1, 15 and 60 minutes after seizure. The measurement was performed in adult male Wistar rats at the mentioned intervals after a single tonic-clonic seizure induced by flurothyl. In comparison to control animals there was a significant increase in hydroxyl and nitroxyl radicals 60 minutes after the seizure. The levels of hydroxyl radicals were significantly lower in animals that received melatonin 60 minutes before seizure induction compared to animals without preventive treatment. Therefore, melatonin affected the generation of the measured free radicals differently. An important finding was the delayed increase in free radicals after a single seizure in the later phases of recovery.


How MongoDB balance your data?
migration_steps3We have already studied the chunk concept What is a MongoDB chunk? and also how MongoDB splits it when grows beyond the maximum size established by default Four steps to split a MongoDB chunk. At this post we are going to study the steps that MongoDB follows to balance our cluster.
The first thing we must know is that we choose the data to balance in our shards. So, we decide the collections to divide. You can read at this post Two steps to shard a MongoDB collection how to split a collection.
The balancing process does not disturb the normal cluster work, it is a background process. There is only one migration at a time, per cluster, in order to do not overload it. Therefore, only two shards will be working on (its primaries). If we do not change the by default chunk size, 64MB, this is the maximum amount of data that MongoDB will migrate at a time. This is a size so big so that there will not be too much migrations, and at the same time, it is little in order to do not overload our database.
Balancing round
Any of the mongos can begin a round balancing, but only can be an active one at a time. So, the mongos must check this through the locks collection at the configdb.
Only when the value equals 0 the mongos can begin the balancing round.
Is the cluster balanced?
The mongos checks the number of chunks per shard and decides whether the collection/collections is balanced. At this post What is a MongoDB chunk? I explain how MongoDB determines this. When the collection is not balanced the balancer will move the necessary chunks to get it. When the migration has been finished the mongos will update the locks collection and the round balancer will be finished.
Does the chunk need to be split?
Ok, the collection is not well balanced. The mongos will choose a chunk to move it to another shard. How MongoDB chooses this chunk is studied at this post What is a MongoDB chunk?
Before moving the chunk the mongos asks the shard which owns it (shard FROM) if this is too big and must be split.
The balancing begins
The mongos orders to the shard FROM that begins the transfer, but before beginning this shard makes sure that it is not removing data from a chunk previously migrated.
Please, read this chunk
The shard FROM asks shard TO (shard chunk destination) to read the chosen chunk to been migrated.
The transfer begins
The chunk belongs to shard FROM until the transfer will be finished. Until then, there can be write operations on this chunk that must also be transferred to shard TO.
The transfer ends
The FROM TO (Alex, thanks for your input) shard updates the chunk migration at the config servers.
The transferred data is deleted
The shard FROM begins to delete the data that has been moved.
The cache is refreshed
The mongos refreshes its cache. The remaining mongos will look for this data at the shard FROM and will get an STALE CONFIG EXCEPTION. This will cause them to read the metadata at the config servers for refreshing its cache. The clients will not realize it.
I wish that this post helps you to understand how MongoDB chooses the chunks to move between shards and the steps it follows for balancing the cluster. Please, if you read something wrong or something is omitted do not hesitate to use the comments. We will learn each other.
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3 thoughts on "How MongoDB balance your data?"


12 Common Struggles Experienced Writers Still Deal With Almost Daily
You are not immune to struggle just because you've been writing for a while.
1. Writing a near-perfect first line on the first try. (It will never happen, will it? Sigh.)
2. Believing that even their worst ideas are worth considering.
3. Figuring out how to write when there are 5,000 other things going on, almost always all of equal importance (or so it seems).
4. Not letting imposter syndrome stop them from reaching their goals.
5. Worrying about what other people might think of them/their writing.
6. Feeling like they still aren't "good enough" and never will be.
7. Quieting their self-doubt just enough so that they can concentrate on the stories they're desperately trying to tell.
8. Asking for help.
9. Not letting other people's negativity or criticism stop them from writing.
10. Reminding themselves why they wanted to start writing in the first place … and letting that drive them forward even on their toughest days.
11. Facing their fears and writing about/doing things that absolutely terrify them.
12. Remembering that in one way or another, hard work does pay off. Eventually.
4 thoughts on "12 Common Struggles Experienced Writers Still Deal With Almost Daily
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text:
During numerical simulation of laser and tissue thermal interaction, the light fluence rate distribution should be
formularized and constituted to the source term in the heat transfer equation. Usually the solution of light irradiative
transport equation is given in extreme conditions such as full absorption (Lambert-Beer Law), full scattering
(Lubelka-Munk theory), most scattering (Diffusion Approximation) et al. But in specific conditions, these solutions will
induce different errors. The usually used Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is more universal and exact but has difficulty to
deal with dynamic parameter and fast simulation. Its area partition pattern has limits when applying FEM (finite element
method) to solve the bio-heat transfer partial differential coefficient equation. Laser heat source plots of above methods
showed much difference with MCS. In order to solve this problem, through analyzing different optical actions such as
reflection, scattering and absorption on the laser induced heat generation in bio-tissue, a new attempt was made out which
combined the modified beam broaden model and the diffusion approximation model. First the scattering coefficient was
replaced by reduced scattering coefficient in the beam broaden model, which is more reasonable when scattering was
treated as anisotropic scattering. Secondly the attenuation coefficient was replaced by effective attenuation coefficient in
scattering dominating turbid bio-tissue. The computation results of the modified method were compared with Monte Carlo
simulation and showed the model provided reasonable predictions of heat source term distribution than past methods.
Such a research is useful for explaining the physical characteristics of heat source in the heat transfer equation,
establishing effective photo-thermal model, and providing theory contrast for related laser medicine experiments.


text:
Date of this Version
Surveys in the Elkhorn River Basin between 1972 and 1994 documented a unionid fauna of 28 taxa. Two additional taxa were documented by museum records, bringing the total to 30 confirmed for the region. In recent collections only eleven species were found as live specimens or fresh shells, suggesting the possible loss of as much as 63% of the documented fauna of the Basin. Biological diversity was once greatest in the eastern portion of the Basin, reflecting the greater variety of habitats in this region. At present, the greatest diversity appears to be found in the western portion. This reversal of biologic diversity probably reflects the extent of habitat degradation in the eastern portion. Arcidens confragosus, Lampsilis teres f. teres, and Obovaria olivaria are newly reported for Nebraska.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Researching forced migration: critical reflections on research ethics during fieldwork
How do we carry out research with refugees? This paper provides reflections on some of the key ethical questions surrounding fieldwork on forced migration. The aim is to bring together multi-disciplinary debates on research ethics; in lieu of stating presumably neutral, objective and universally applicable answers, the paper critically discusses guiding principles and practical issues, and proposes ways forward in order to spark further discussions. For that, a paired view on research ethics is used, as a code of conduct for scholars as well as a framework for normative scrutiny of research in a broader sense. Subjects in this paper include harm in and due to fieldwork with a proposed Do No Harm analysis to minimise risks; relations and responsibilities of researchers to participants and among research teams with reflections on participatory approaches; transfer of results with scholars and humanitarian agencies but also with participants; and benefits of interdisciplinary platforms for exchange to openly address difficulties and opportunities in 'the field'.


Movement Speed
From Caves of Qud Wiki
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As of Patch This information is reliable as of patch
Movement speed (MS) is an attribute that controls the action cost of moving.
Movement speed can't be adjusted during character generation, and is not affected by other attributes, such as agility. The player and most other characters begin with a default movement speed of 100.
Overview[edit | edit source]
How fast a character moves is determined by a combination of quickness (QN) and movement speed (MS).
 - Quickness determines how fast a character is overall. It affects all actions, including moving, attacking, using items, and just about anything else a character can do. For that reason, if you have a choice between increasing your quickness or your movement speed, it is generally preferable to increase your quickness.
 - Movement speed is a more specialized attribute that affects only movement actions. Improving your movement speed can allow your character to move multiple spaces in a single turn (or, more commonly, to move one extra space during the course of a few turns), helping you to outrun enemies, escape dangerous situations, or keep your distance as you fight an enemy with a ranged weapon.
Mechanics[edit | edit source]
Characters generate a certain number of action points each turn equal to ten times their quickness (QN) value, or QN x 10. Each time a character moves, the character expends some or all of those action points, depending on their movement speed.
Moving consumes a number of action points equal to 100000 ÷ MS.
If your movement speed and your quickness are both equal to 100, this means that you can move exactly once per turn.
Action points generated per turn
QN × 10
Action cost of a single movement
Total movements per turn
QN × MS10,000
Increases in movement speed follows a simple logic based on how much greater it is than the base movespeed of 100. 150 movespeed means that you will move 1.5 times faster than normal. For example, with 100 quickness, you will see the following behavior as your movement speed increases:
 - 100 MS - You move 1 time each turn
 - 120 MS - You move 1.2 times each turn (6 times every 5 turns)
 - 150 MS - You move 1.5 times each turn
 - 180 MS - You move 1.8 times each turn
 - 190 MS - You move 1.9 times each turn
 - 200 MS - You move 2 times each turn
Because of this, negative decreases will have more significant impacts to how often you can move. 50 movespeed means moving 0.5 times a turn, half that of the base movespeed; However, +50 is moving 1.5 times instead of double the movespeed.
Modifying Movement Speed[edit | edit source]
These things directly modify a character's movement speed, changing the action cost of a single movement, and thus the number of movements the character may take per turn.
Name Type Movement Effect
Bounding boots.pngbounding boots equipment +15 movement speed while worn, along with increased sprint speed.
Dazed effect -10 temporary movement speed.
Dismembered (feet) effect -20 movement speed as long as the feet are dismembered. (penalty may vary depending on number of feet)
Greased equipment modifier -5 movement speed while worn.
Heavy Weapons without Tank type of equipment -25 movement speed while equipped.
Hobbled (short sword skill) effect -50% temporary movement speed for 16-20 rounds.
Hyper-elastic ankle tendons cybernetic implant +6 movement speed while implanted.
Interdictor.pnginterdictor enemy -10 temporary movement speed for each interdiction beam focused on the character.
Ironshank disease -8 to -80 movement speed. This penalty worsens the longer the character is infected.
Lovesick effect -5 temporary movement speed.
Magnetized boots.pngmagnetized boots equipment -5 movement speed while worn.
Motorized treads.pngmotorized treads cybernetic implant +150 permanent movement speed.
Multiple Legs physical mutation +8 to +53 permanent movement speed, depending on mutation level.
Nocturnal apex.pngnocturnal apex cybernetic implant +10 temporary movement speed while activated.
Prone effect -80 temporary movement speed until you stand up.
Rocket skates.pngrocket skates equipment +5 movement speed while worn.
Sandals of the riverwives.pngsandals of the river-wives equipment +5 movement speed while worn.
Skulk injector.pngskulk injector (in darkness) effect +25% or +40% temporary movement speed while active, depending on whether the user is a mutant or a True Kin.
Skulk injector.pngskulk injector (in daylight) effect -20% temporary movement speed while active.
Spring-loaded equipment modifier +5 to +10 movement speed while worn.
Ultra-elastic ankle tendons cybernetic implant +10 movement speed while implanted.
Yeshyrskin slippers.pngyeshyrskin slippers equipment +20 movement speed while worn.
Swimming in pools of 2000+ drams effect -50% when active
Wading in pools of _PHONE_ drams effect -20% when active
Additional Types of Movement[edit | edit source]
Beyond your movement speed attribute, there are many additional ways to change the speed at which you move, or cause you to move around without directly modifying your movement speed.
Some common examples include:
Modding[edit | edit source]
In XML and the game code, movespeed is stored as a penalty to the base movespeed. This means that it increases when negative numbers are added to the stat. Wishing for stat:MoveSpeed:0 will set the movespeed to the base 100. Setting movespeed to 0 requires wishing it to 100.


text:
On the Purification of Sodium Cyanate by Liquid Ammonia
A purification process of sodium cyanate has been attempted. Necessary experiments with regard to this procedure have been performed as follows : (1) The specific gravities of NaCNO, NaCNO-NH_4NO_3-NH_3 and NaCNO-NH_4Cl-NH_3 at 0?30℃ were measured. (2) The rate of conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea in liquid ammonia at 0?30℃ was estimated. (3) The solubilities of sodium cyanate in liquid ammonia at 0?45℃ and in the ammonieous solution of ammonium nitrate or chloride at 0℃ were also measured. Being based on those results the purification of sodium cyanate from impure raw material was tried by the lixiviation method using ammonium salt solutions. In consequence of this study it is concluded that the purification of sodium cyanate is effectively carried-out using ammonium nitrate solution at 0℃ or below.
- Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy
Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy 7 601-616, 1955


text:
For more than 5 years Playscan AB has been actively providing Responsible Gambling solutions. Professor of Clinical Psychology at Stockholm University, Per Carlbring, with his extensive expertise within online-based self-help programs, has received funding for an independent evaluation of Playscan™.
– Playscan is a very interesting tool and we need to evaluate and analyze the true value of Playscan™ as a proactive Responsible Gambling Solution. We need to find out if and in what way it works, says Carlbring.
Per Carlbring states that it is vitally important to evaluate the effectiveness of Responsible Gambling solutions to understand the social gains and impact it might have. We need to deepen, Carlbring continues, our knowledge and methods about how to reduce the negative effects of gambling.
The Playscan CEO Ann-Sofie Olsson welcomes the evaluation and thinks that we all gain valuable information through new scientific research on how to prevent unhealthy gambling behavior. She says:
– We do recognize the importance of an independent evaluation to diagnose the reliability of what we do and understand after our 5 years in this field.


text:
- Girl Names
What does the baby name Rihana mean? Learn about what Rihana means, its history & origin, popularity in our random name database, pronunciation, similar names, nicknames & spelling variations.
Rihana - Name Meaning, Origin & Popularity
- Spelling of Rihana
- R-I-H-A-N-A, is a 6-letter female given name.
- Meaning of Rihana
- Handful of sweet basil, sweet basil.
- Origin of Rihana
- Arabic Names
- Similar Names, Nicknames, & Spelling Variations of Rihana
- Popularity of Rihana
- Rihana currently has no likes. Be the first to like this name.


free transposing chords tool for ukulele
Super-Handy, Free Tool for Transposing Chords on Ukulele
Transposing chords on ukulele (or any other instrument) basically means shifting all the chords in a song up (or down) the same number of steps.
Sometimes the best way to play a uke song with hard chords is just to transpose it into a key with easier to play chords.
You might also want to transpose (change keys) to better match your singing pitch. When the chords in a song force you to sing in a high squeaky voice, or a super-low Johnny Cash voice, it may be time to transpose into a better key.
In "Defeat the E" I talk you through an easy way to transpose on the fly if the song is fairly simple.
But as uke songs get more complex, the process of transposing chords gets more complex, too.
A free tool for transposing ukulele chords:
And that's why you should check out this FREE tool:
It's a paper slide rule (a musical transposing key-changing slide rule tool) that you can cut out and assemble and keep with your songbooks. Just move the slide to line up the old key and new key, and you can instantly read off all the uke chords you need.
Slick, old-school efficiency!
Tell 'em Danno sent you.
More on Ukulele Chords
This post is one of many on the topic of Mastering Ukulele Chords. More (much more) right over here.
Related Articles
 1. I am playing a bass uke. It isn't keyed the same as a concert uke.
 So is there a chord chart for bass uke or do I need to learn from a guitar chord chart?
 1. Hi, do you mean a baritone uke? A bass uke is a thing, but it's REALLY bass, with big rubber-band strings.
 Assuming you mean baritone uke, there are some great resources for chords, like this "dictionary" (on Amazon):
 I'm a big fan of these uke books by Bruce Emery; here's one specifically on bariton uke: (I don't play baritone, so I have looked at this particular book, but his other ones are great!).


text:
Span queries are low-level positional queries which provide expert control over the order and proximity of the specified terms. These are typically used to implement very specific queries on legal documents or patents.
Span queries cannot be mixed with non-span queries (with the exception of the
The queries in this group are:
The equivalent of the
termquery but for use with other span queries.
- Accepts another span query whose matches must appear within the first N positions of the field.
- Accepts multiple span queries whose matches must be within the specified distance of each other, and possibly in the same order.
- Combines multiple span queries — returns documents which match any of the specified queries.
- Wraps another span query, and excludes any documents which match that query.
- Accepts a list of span queries, but only returns those spans which also match a second span query.
- The result from a single span query is returned as long is its span falls within the spans returned by a list of other span queries.


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Air Vice Marshal
Air Vice Marshal is the third most senior rank active in the Royal Air Force today, after the inactivation of Marshal of the Royal Air Force as a substantive rank in peacetime during defence cuts of the 1990s. It ranks above Air Commodore and immediately below Air Marshal.
The rank insignia consists of a narrow light blue band (on a slightly wider black band) over a light blue band on a broad black band. This is worn on the both the lower sleeves of the tunic or on the shoulders of the flying suit or the casual uniform.
The Command Flag of an Air-Vice Marshal, like the flag of a Wing Commander, has two narrow red bands running through the center, though for this flag, the overall flag shape is rectangular, not triangular so as to clearly differentiate it from the latter command flag.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


text:
In this paper we analyze the numerical aspects of the various methods that have been utilized to analyze thin wire antennas. First, we derive the properties of the operators for Pocklington's and Hallen's integral equation. On the basis of these properties, we discuss the various iterative methods used to find current distribution on thin wire structures. An attempt has been made to resolve the question of numerical stability associated with various entire domain and subdomain expansion functions in Galerkin's method. It has been shown that the sequence of solutions generated by the iterative methods monotonically approaches the exact solution provided the excitations chosen for these problems are in the range of the operator. Such a statement may not hold for Galerkin's methods if the inverse operator is unbounded. Moreover, if the excitation function is not in the range of the operator, then the sequence of solutions forms an asymptotic series. Examples have been presented to illustrate this point.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


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Hi I'm working with probability as part of an engineering course, and I'm struggling with the following tutorial question: Components of a certain type are shipped to a supplier in batches of ten. Suppose that 50% of all such batches contain no defective components, 35% contain one defective component while 15% contain two defective components. If two components are randomly selected from the batch. What are the probabilities associated with 0, 1 and 2 defective components being in the batch under each of the following conditions? a) Neither selected component is defective. b) One of the two components is defective. c) Both components are defective.
I've considered using hypergeometric probability distribution for events P(35%) and P(15%) while comparing to P(50%) but this yields no result.
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Have you learned about the law of total probability? I would suggest that you try and solve the simpler problem of one item being selected at random from a randomly selected batch and finding the probability that it is defective, and then tackle the problem of two items. By the way, since this looks like homework, please add the homework tag. – Dilip Sarwate Aug 31 '12 at 11:48
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2 Answers
Let $B_0$ be the event that the batch has $0$ defectives, $B_1$ be the event the batch has $1$ defective, and $B_2$ be the event the batch has $2$ defectives.
Let $D_0$ be the event that neither selected component is defective. Problem (a) asks us to find the conditional probabilities $\Pr(B_0|D_0)$, $\Pr(B_1|D_0)$, and $\Pr(B_2|D_0)$. Now the hardest part, identifying precisely what we are after, has been done!
For the calculation, we use the general conditional probability formula $$\Pr(X|Y)\Pr(Y)=\Pr(X\cap Y).$$ Put $X=B_0$ and $Y=D_0$. We need $\Pr(D_0)$ and $\Pr(B_0\cap D_0)$.
The event $D_0$ can happen in three different ways: (i) Our batch of $10$ is perfect, and we get no defectives in our sample of two; (ii) Our batch of $10$ has $1$ defective, but our sample of two misses them; (iii) Our batch has $2$ defective, but our sample misses them. If it helps, draw a tree that shows the three different paths through which we can end up with no defectives.
For (i), the probability is $(0.5)(1)$. For (ii), the probability that our batch has $1$ defective is $0.35$. Given that it has $1$ defective, the probability that our sample misses it is $\binom{9}{2}/\binom{10}{2}$, which is $8/10$. So the probability of (ii) is $(0.35)(8/10)$. For (iii), the probability our batch has $2$ defective is $0.15$. Given that it has $2$ defective, the probability that our sample misses both is $\binom{8}{2}/\binom{10}{2}$, which is $56/90$. So the probability of (iii) is $(0.15)(56/90)$. We have therefore found that $$\Pr(D_0)=(0.5)(1)+(0.35)(8/10)+(0.15)(56/90).$$ The probability $\Pr(B_0\cap D_0)$ has been calculated during our calculation of $\Pr(D_0)$. It is $(0.5)(1)$. We conclude that $$\Pr(B_0|D_0)=\frac{(0.5)(1)}{(0.5)(1)+(0.35)(8/10)+(0.15)(56/90)}.$$ The rest of the calculations for $D_0$ are easy, we have all the information needed. We get $$\Pr(B_1|D_0)=\frac{(0.35)(8/10)}{(0.5)(1)+(0.35)(8/10)+(0.15)(56/90)}$$ and $$\Pr(B_2|D_0)=\frac{(0.15)(56/90)}{(0.5)(1)+(0.35)(8/10)+(0.15)(56/90)}.$$
Alternately, we could have used Bayes' Formula directly. I wanted to do it in the above more basic way so that the logic would be clear.
Now unfortunately we have to deal with (b) and (c). But (c) is trivial! For (b), the calculation is as above, a little simpler, because if our sample of two has a defective, it cannot come from a perfect batch.
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André, how is your calculation not a use of Bayes' formula, since you are simply replacing $P(D_i)$ in the expression $$P(B_j \mid D_i) = \frac{P(B_j \cap D_i)}{P(D_i)}$$ by its value as obtained via the law of total probability? In over 35 years experience teaching probability to recalcitrant engineering undergraduate students, I have always tried to emphasize the formulation that you have used, pointing out that the numerator term is one that is computed as part of the denominator and thus need not be calculated again: cf. your "The probability $P(B_0\cap D_0)$ has been calculated during " – Dilip Sarwate Aug 31 '12 at 13:25
It is certainly absolutely the use of the Bayes' Formula idea. just going back one little step. (Before the divorce of Math and Stat, I used to teach the standard probability and statistics for engineers pretty often. One has to do a delicate balance between ideas and cookbook.) – André Nicolas Aug 31 '12 at 13:37
Thanks a lot, this answer is making sense too now, this stuff isn't so bad if you really start understanding it. Thank you – Tertius Aug 31 '12 at 14:01
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Try using Bayes' theorem: $$P(A|X) = P(X|A) \dfrac{P(A)}{P(X)}$$
For instance, let event $A_m$ be "there are $m$ defective components in the batch" and let event $X_n$ be "$n$ of the selected components are defective". Then we have the given marginal probabilities for $A_m$:
$$\begin{aligned} P(A_0) &= 0.5 & P(A_1) &= 0.35 & P(A_2) &= 0.15 \end{aligned}$$
and the conditional probabilities for $X_n$ given $A_m$:
$$\begin{aligned} P(X_0|A_0) &= 1 & P(X_0|A_1) &= \frac45 & P(X_0|A_2) &= \frac{28}{45} \\ P(X_1|A_0) &= 0 & P(X_1|A_1) &= \frac15 & P(X_1|A_2) &= \frac{16}{45} \\ P(X_2|A_0) &= 0 & P(X_2|A_1) &= 0 & P(X_2|A_2) &= \frac1{45} \end{aligned}$$
(Exercise: Why those probabilities? It's just a simple case of sampling without replacement.)
From the conditional probabilities, we can also calculate the marginal probabilities for $X_n$ using the law of total probability:
$$\begin{eqnarray} P(X_0) &= 1\cdot0.5 &+& \frac45\cdot0.35 &+& \frac{28}{45}\cdot0.15 =& \frac{131}{150} =& 0.87333\dots \\ P(X_1) &= 0\cdot0.5 &+& \frac15\cdot0.35 &+& \frac{16}{45}\cdot0.15 =& \frac{37}{300} =& 0.12333\dots \\ P(X_2) &= 0\cdot0.5 &+& 0\cdot0.35 &+& \frac{1}{45}\cdot0.15 =& \frac{1}{300} =& 0.00333\dots \\ \end{eqnarray}$$
Now apply Bayes' theorem to get the conditional probabilities $P(A_m|X_n)$.
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Thanks man, just went to see my lecturer about this problem. He confirmed everything you've said. Nice answer. – Tertius Aug 31 '12 at 13:47
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text:
Library and Archives Canada has some images of Miss Gwen Clemow's wedding to Charles A. O'Connell (part of the large Clemow family of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Ottawa). RootsWeb list the following info for the people in the wedding:
Charles A. O'CONNELL, 38, mining engineer, of Cobalt, s/o Timothy O'CONNELL, mining engineer, & Margaret CRANE, married Gwendolyn Beatrice CLEMOW, 26, of Ottawa, d/o Francis Cockburn CLEMOW, lawyer & Mary Schryer FITCH, witn: W.F. POWELL of Ottawa & Robert O'CONNELL of San Francisco, 8 Oct 1910 at Ottawa
The house is still here and looks like this:
Much activity is occurring these days on the edge of the Glebe, and particularly in the area known as the Glebe Annex, which is a small area defined by Bronson, Carling, Energy Mines and Resources complex, and the Queensway. Just to the west of the Glebe Annex and down the hill is an area that was once known as the Rideau Canal Ordnance Lands, which was land set aside by the British Ordnance Department in the 19th century to protect the waters of the canal. By the 1920s, this land was no longer considered to be of much use, mostly because it was low lying and swampy, and so was gradually sold off by the Canadian government. This is how we get the beautiful park that was created by the Ottawa Improvement Commission known as Central Park East and West.
The area near Dows Lake would have been of great interest to the Ottawa Improvement Commission, but land ownership here was much more complicated, with ownership divided up between the Booth Lumber Company, various railways, and other industry such as the "quarry" we see below.
At the top of the hill there is a small street named Maclean Street that goes one block from Cambridge to Bell street, and on old maps dating to the 1920s, this little street was named Ordnance Street.
I'll have more photos from this Ordnance Land photo collection in a future post, but it is worth the changes to the landscape in this general vicinity some 20 years later, with this image of the Carling and Rochester intersection, which shows the Federal District Commission headquarters just at the far left of the photo in almost the exact spot as the quarry.
Or another image further east and further up the hill at the Cambridge Street intersection. Here you get a clear view of the FDC headquarters, how "improved" the landscape is compared to photos from the first part of this post, as well as a clear idea of how narrow Carling is:


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I am trying to create a programming editor using a rich text box in vb.net. It should change the color of text according to that text. For example, the keywords should be displayed in red, and numbers in blue. I can't find how to retrieve word by word from a rich text box.
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what have you tried? – codingbiz Oct 3 '12 at 10:53
Show attempted solutions, and why they didn't work. – cpp_prog Feb 19 at 17:44
4 Answers 4
I would do the following:
Dim txt as String = RichTextBox1.Text
Dim arr as String() = txt.Split(" "c) REM split along the whitespace character
For Each i In arr
 If IsNumeric(i) Then
 REM change the color of the number to blue
Next i
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You can use regular expressions to find the words, and another one for numbers. Try this website that well help you create your desired regular expressions _URL_
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I would just take the rich textbox text field and do a string split by space.
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If you don't have to roll-your-own, the editors from SharpDevelop are easily extendable.
SharpDevelop3 uses SharpTextEditor(WinForms). SharpDevelop4 uses AvalonEdit (WPF)
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text:
Selecting, sizing transformers for commercial buildings
While commercial building designs change, their electrical loads remain fundamentally unchanged. Properly sizing and selecting transformers ensures that these loads are accommodated.
By Ralph Baeza, PE, LEED AP, TLC Engineering for Architecture, Miami
Transformers, along with other power distribution apparatus, remain a fundamental component in electrical systems distribution for commercial buildings. This article presents several useful design concepts for selecting and sizing transformers in the design of electrical systems for commercial buildings.
Transformers change voltage levels to supply electrical loads with the voltages they require. They supply the required incoming electrical service to the buildings. Transformer primary and secondary voltages can be 2,400; 4,160; 7,200; 12,470; and 13,200 for 15-kV Class, and 120, 208, 240, 277, and 480 for 600-V Class.
Transformers are located either outdoors or inside buildings in an electrical room or other areas as permitted by code. The electrical phase characteristics associated with the transformer's primary side is 3-phase, 3-wire or Delta connected. The secondary is 3-phase, 4-wire or Wye connected.
There are different construction types for transformers used in commercial buildings. Our understanding of their general characteristics will allow the designer and end user to make the proper selection for the electrical system application. Following are some of the transformer types available in the industry along with a few of their characteristics:
Ventilated dry-type transformers are ventilated by air, use larger space for clearance, and use different insulating materials to augment the dielectric strength of the air. They contain an enclosure surrounding the windings for their mechanical protection and the safety of personnel. This type is the most common to be used in the building indoor electrical system distribution. See Table 1 for typical dry-type transformer ratings, dimensions, and weights.
Sealed dry-type transformers are similar to dry type in most of their characteristics. The difference is they contain an enclosed tank with nitrogen or other dielectric gas to protect the windings. They can be installed outdoors or indoors. They are useful in areas with a corrosive or dirty atmosphere.
Cast-coil transformers are constructed with the primary and secondary windings encapsulated in reinforced resin. They can be installed where moisture or airborne contaminants exist.
Nonventilated dry-type transformers are similar to the ventilated type but are totally enclosed. This type can be installed in areas with corrosive or dirty atmospheric conditions where it would be impossible to use a ventilated-type transformer.
Oil-filled transformers are constructed with the windings encased in an oil-tight tank filled with insulating mineral oil. It is good practice to regularly test this type of transformer in order to determine dielectric breakdown, which affects its useful life.
There are different ways in which transformers are installed and used as part of a commercial building electrical system. These application types include:
Indoor distribution transformers are used with panelboards and are separately mounted to supply the specific electrical load requirements in a system-specific application within the system distribution. Several transformer types rated higher than 600 V for oil insulated type, higher than 35,000 V for dry type, and other transformers rated higher than 600 V are required to be located in vault rooms, which must be built with fire-rated enclosures depending on the transformer type and applicable local authority requirements, when indoors. Transformers that are not over 600 V and are part of the indoor building electrical system distribution have both primary and secondary voltages below 600 V with the most common voltage level change from 480 V to 208 Y/120 V.
Pad-mounted transformers are installed outside and are considered the first option for supplying service entrance voltage to the building electrical system based on the project size and requirements. They typically have primary voltages higher than 600 V and secondary voltages lower than 600 V with compartments for the associated protective devices assembled in an integral tamper-resistant and weatherproof unit.
In addition, the size of the commercial facility will determine the appropriate approach for designing the electrical distribution system for the specific application. In this electrical system design, the transformer can be used as part of a substation, primary unit substation, secondary unit substation, or network configuration.
The electrical size of the transformer load is rated in kVA. This rating provides the associated power output delivered for a specific period by the loads connected to the transformer on the secondary side of the equipment. The loads, which are calculated as part of the building electrical system design phase, are shown in the construction documents' respective equipment schedules in VA or kVA.
A general approach to determining transformer capacity and selecting the proper rating for the design application is to obtain the calculated design load from the respective electrical schedule and add 20% spare capacity for future load growth to be shown in the equipment schedule, unless otherwise directed by the facility based on design parameters. For example, the code-based demand load of a 208 Y/120 V, 3-phase, 4-wire panelboard is 42 kVA, which does do not include spare capacity for future growth. Therefore, the transformer size required for converting the system voltage from 480 V, 3-phase, 3-wire to 208 Y/120 V, 3-phase, 4-wire is:
Transformer size in kVA = 42 kVA x 1.25 = 52.5 kVA
Therefore, a 75 kVA transformer would be selected for this application out of the available standard ratings for a 480 V primary to 208 Y/120 V secondary. The most common building industry standard ratings are 3, 6, 9, 15, 30, 37.5, 45, 75, 112.5, 150, 225, 300, 500, 750, and 1,000 kVA.
The above simple calculation meets the intent to achieve the normal life expectancy of a transformer, which is based on the following basic conditions:
- The transformer is equal to or less than its rated kVA and rated voltage.
- The average temperature of the cooling air during a 24-hour period is 86 F.
- The temperature of the cooling air at no time exceeds 104 F.
Transformer selection starts with the kVA rating required to supply the loads connected in the electrical system. Another consideration for indoor distribution transformers is the type of load: linear or nonlinear. Linear loads include resistive heating and induction motors; nonlinear loads are produced by electronic equipment that contributes to the distortion of the electrical power signals by generating harmonics. The harmonics resulting from nonsinusoidal currents generate additional losses and heating of the transformer coils, which reduce the transformer life expectancy.
Indoor transformers for nonlinear loads can be selected with a K rating, which allows the transformer to withstand nonlinear conditions in the electrical system. K-rated transformers do not mitigate or eliminate harmonics. However, they do protect the transformer itself from damage caused by harmonics. For harmonic mitigation, K-rated transformers can be combined with harmonic filters or chokes. For linear load applications, transformers should be selected with lower core losses. Other factors that should be considered in selecting transformers are voltage ratings for both primary and secondary, voltage taps, efficiency, impedance value, type of cooling and temperature rise, voltage insulation class, basic impulse level, and sound level.
In the past two years, two large projects in Miami Dade County have been built: the Florida International University football stadium and Miami International Airport South Terminal. Both projects included dry-type 480 V, 3-phase to 208 Y/120V V step-down transformers (in NEMA 2 enclosures), ranging from 15 kVA to 112.5 kVA in the electrical system distribution design.
The 18,688-seat FIU football stadium was designed with about 12 transformers as part of the electrical system distribution in order to supply general-use receptacles, small motors, and other loads in the stadium building structure and the attached field house building. The MIA South Terminal expansion was designed with about 50 transformers with similar intent as the stadium's but a more diverse group of loads for the 208 Y/120 V 3-phase, 4-wire system, which also included lighting loads, signage, telecommunication, security systems, and other loads part of this building project (Figure 1).
The installation of power transformers and transformer vaults must comply with the requirements of National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) article 450 and specific local authority having jurisdiction requirements. Some principles to consider for transformer installation include locating them in isolated rooms with proper ventilation, clearances, and accessibility. Otherwise, they can be installed on open walls or steel columns or above suspended ceilings.
In addition, there are other specific requirements based on the transformer type, such as weatherproof enclosures for dry-type transformers installed outdoors or a transformer vault room for oil-insulated transformers installed indoors. In addition, a good design and installation require the proper transformer feeder and overcurrent protection device size based on NEC articles 240, 250, 450, and applicable sections of Article 310 (Figure 2).
Transformers remain a fundamental component of electrical distribution systems. Equipment operation characteristics will continue to change. However, their operating principles will remain with the same. The industry trend is to continue building transformers with less core losses, and that comply with Energy Star efficiency requirements.
Baeza is a principal and senior electrical engineer at TLC Engineering for Architecture in Miami. He is a registered professional engineer with more than 29 years of experience in electrical engineering, project management, building design, and construction.
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December 17, 2012
The animals have never before been seen socialising in groups. New high definition cameras which function with nearly no light made the discovery possible
But new footage shot in Africa has revealed how the black variety of the animal enjoy regular night-time liaisons involving kisses, cuddles and a level of social interaction previously unknown in the species.
Thanks to the latest high definition night vision cameras, scientists are now able to observe the animals in the dark for the first time, and have observed a boisterous personality trait that rarely appears during the daytime.
In footage captured for Sir David Attenborough's latest BBC wildlife series, Africa, 50 animals were revealed to be gathering in groups of up to 16 each night.
Paul Brehem, who was the scientific adviser for the film crew, told the Sunday Telegraph: 'For us to see this happening at night is extraordinary. It seems to be happening every night and we could see different individuals coming and going each night.
'This hasn't really been documented or seen before. We thought the extent of their social interaction was individual males wandering around and searching out females to mate with.'
Affection: Two black rhinos were caught on camera greeting and sharing an intimate moment in the darkness of the desert
The documentary revealed romance was not dead to the breed, with the animals coming together to rub noses, play together and communicate using a range of sounds including high pitched squeaks for calves, and loud bellows by the older adults.
Mr Brehem added: 'What is so touching is that there is a whole side to them that we were not aware of and had not been able to record before.'
Previously the crews could only use the light of the moon to observe the rhinos at night, but the cover of darkness meant the goings-on of their social engagements stayed secret.
There are two types of African rhinoceros – black and white, the latter being more common and more sociable during the day.
The shot had to be delayed for a year while a camera that could work with almost no light was being developed.
It enabled the crew to observe that the eyes of the rhinos were wide open.
The exact location of filming will not be revealed due to the threat of poachers.
The sequence is part of a landmark new series profiling Africa as never before caught on film.
Other scenes show eagles catching giant bats on the wing, lizards stalking their prey on the backs of lions, antelope-hunting monkeys and a nail-biting giraffe fight.
Breath-taking: The documentary shows fog lingering over the mountainous dunes, supplying the desert with precious moisture
Featured on the programme was an aerial view of Namib desert dunes - showing the vaporous fog which provides just enough moisture to allow life to exist.
The programme also featured two African lions competing for dominance
Captured: A shoebill stork chick was filmed in the nest for the first time. The birds proved very difficult to find and crews researched them for six months
Responses to "The secret social life of rhinos revealed in stunning detail for the first time by new night vision cameras (Photos)"
 1. Jennifer M says:
 Great photos of rhinos interacting. Especially good as there will soon be none left for us to see. What a tragedy.
 2. Anonymous says:
 Thank you, these pictures are truely amazing!
 3. steven loots says:
 Beautiful pics.
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The Baal wiki last edited by Eirikr on 03/29/13 06:29AM View full history
'Lord' Hadad
As "Ba'al" is a title meaning "Lord" rather than a name, many other deities are referred to as Ba'als along with Hadad, such as Ba'al Zebul. Baal Hadad was a storm god frequently referenced and villainized in the Old Testament as the pagan god of Canaan.
In Megami Tensei
Baal in Famicom Megami Tensei II.
Baal appears frequently as a demon, and to a lesser extent a persona, in the Megami Tensei series, generally depicted in two ways. The first and earliest design in the Famicom Digital Devil Monogatari depicts the god as female, a motif developed subsequently in Megami Tensei II, adding wings and a serpentine body. This design has not been used beyond the Super Famicom era.
The modern Baal design, as seen in Majin Tensei II.
The other, more notable and commonly seen design of Baal first appears in Shin Megami Tensei II, as interpreted by Kazuma Kaneko. It depicts Baal with purple skin whilst grasping a goblet and wearing priestly attire, replete with a headdress adorned with the bull horns standard of his and his father El's iconography. The release of Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers later reused this design but rendered it with a different, darker palette.
As there are innumerable deities from the Levant given the epithet "Baal," it is possible that these two designs actually depict different deities. In the Japanese versions of the games, the female design is most commonly spelled as "バアル" ("baaru") while the helmeted male version is usually spelled "バール" ("bāru"). However, as these spellings can also be found inconsistently labeled, it remains unclear if a distinction was intended between them.
Digital Devil Monogatari: Megami Tensei
Baal in Megami Tensei.
This earliest appearance of Baal in Digital Devil Monogatari: Megami Tensei depicts a female figure brandishing a sword. This Baal is of the Vile race and is encountered in the game's Valhalla dungeon. In the game's Kyuuyaku Megami Tensei remake, this older design would be replaced by the serpentine one from Megami Tensei II.
Digital Devil Monogatari: Megami Tensei II
In Kyuuyaku Megami Tensei (II).
The winged, serpentine Baal first appears in Digital Devil Monogatari: Megami Tensei II and its Kyuuyaku Megami Tensei remake as a level 58 member of the Deity race. Given a supportive slant, this incarnation of the god comes with the healing skills Mediarahan, Diarahan, and Samarecarm.
Shin Megami Tensei
Mega CD SMT's Baal.
Baal appears as one of the demons added to the Mega CD port of Shin Megami Tensei, using the winged serpentine design. Seemingly based on the Megami Tensei II appearance, Mega CD Shin Megami Tensei's Baal is a level 60 member of the Deity race boasting the same skillset from the previous game: Mediarahan, Diarahan, and Samarecarm.
Shin Megami Tensei II / Shin Megami Tensei if...
Baal in Shin Megami Tensei II and if....
Shin Megami Tensei II, the first usage of the male Baal design, ranks the god as a level 58 member of the Deity race. Similarly, he also appears in Shin Megami Tensei if... as a level 71 Deity. These appearances would mark a shift in Baal's skills away from healing and more towards magic skills like Maziodyne, as he sports in later games.
Majin Tensei series
Baal in the first Majin Tensei.
Baal appears in both Majin Tensei strategy games. First, in the initial Majin Tensei title, he is a high-level demon of the Deity clan, using the last instance of the winged serpentine design. In the sequel, Majin Tensei II: Spiral Nemesis, Baal is a demon classified under the unique Soshin "Ancient God" clan, using the updated helmeted male design.
Last Bible series
Last Bible III's Baal.
Baal makes minor appearances as an enemy demon in the Last Bible spinoff series, in both the first Last Bible, later brought to the West as Revelations: The Demon Slayer, and in Megami Tensei Gaiden: Last Bible III, where he appears as a short, elderly man, in contrast to any other design of the god.
Persona series
In Persona, Persona 2: Innocent Sin, and Persona 2: Eternal Punishment, Baal appears as a persona of the Emperor arcana. In the first Persona he is level 55 with majority ice skills, and his name was first translated in Revelations: Persona as "Bard." In both Innocent Sin and Eternal Punishment, he is level 37 and mostly learns water-based skills.
Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers
Baal's sprite from Soul Hackers.
In Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers, Baal is a level 73 Deity with a range of the most powerful elemental attacks the game features, including Mazionga, Maragion, and Mabufula. While Baal can be fused using normal means, he is also part of a special fusion triangle with his fellow Canaanite deities Anat and Mot. Using two-way fusion, combining any two of the gods will result in the third; hence, Baal will result if Anat and Mot are fused.
This version of Baal also appears as a card in Shin Megami Tensei Trading Card: Card Summoner.
Giten Megami Tensei: Tokyo Mokushiroku
Ba'al Hadad in Giten Megami Tensei.
Two demons named Baal appear in the PC-exclusive title Giten Megami Tensei: Tokyo Mokushiroku. The first, Ba'al Hadad, a demon of the Deity race, is the only time in the series that Baal is called by his full name. The second is simply named Baal and is a Tyrant. Giten Megami Tensei's Tyrant race is notable in that it includes many other demons with Baal-derived names such as Bael, Belphegor, Baalberith, and Baalzephon, and also predates Devil Survivor's Bel demon storyline.
Shin Megami Tensei: NINE
Similar to other appearances, Baal is a level 72 Deity in Shin Megami Tensei: NINE, with physical and magic attack skills. It is also the first and only time Baal proper has been rendered in 3D.
Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne
The Demi-fiend encountering Baal Avatar.
Baal appears in Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne as Baal Avatar, the form Chiaki Hayasaka takes when she fully assimilates with the ideology of her Reason, Yosuga: the survival of the fittest. Baal Avatar, of the Deity race, is white and ceramic-looking, with a particuarly large wing-like protrusion, evoking artifacts and figures found of Ba'al Hadad at archaeological sites, particularly sharing a conical-shaped headpiece.
Baal Avatar is encountered as a boss late in the Tower of Kagutsuchi, after Ahriman and Noah, and is flanked by angelic versions of Fallen demons, Ose Hallel and Flauros Hallel ("hallel" meaning "praise" in Hebrew; see also "hallelujah"--"praise to Jah"). Once defeated, the body of Baal Avatar explodes and shatters, like an idol cast down from an altar.
Being Chiaki's sponsor deity, Baal Avatar hews closer to the female winged serpent of earlier games, and incorporates concepts mainly from the demonized, Hebraic interpretations of the "Baal" title used by the Canaanite god and other deities, with one example being its skill called Bael's Bane, an attack which transforms those without curse immunity into flies, suggesting Beelzebub.
Devil Survivor series
Baal makes a cameo appearance in Devil Survivor and Devil Survivor: Overclocked, fused into the design of the grand demon Belberith. Also incorporating other hitherto unseen "Bel" demons from the game's plot such as Belphegor and Bael, Baal's upper torso appears on the lower left side of Belberith's body mass. Difficult to discern on the map sprite, Baal is also almost totally obscured in Belberith's menu profile, making his cameo easy to overlook.
Baal in Devil Survivor 2.
Baal makes a proper appearance in the spinoff series in Devil Survivor 2. He is a unique level 65 Deity and voids fire, ice, and electricity but is weak to wind. He has no starting skills except passive elemental boost skills Fire Amp, Ice Amp, and Elec Amp, which is seemingly a callback to


How to export VirtualBox virtual machines as appliances
If you need to move a VirtualBox guest from one host to another, discover the most reliable way to do it.
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Image: iStock/mistic_boy
Your data center is running like a well-oiled machine. One reason for that smooth functionality is that you have the help of virtual machines (VMs), thanks to VirtualBox. But what happens when you want to spin one of those VMs away from their current hosting server?
Say you have a web server, an email server, a database server, a Docker server, and a Nextcloud server all running on the same machine (by way of the same VirtualBox installation) and you want to move the Nextcloud server to either another data center or to a more powerful host. You might be inclined to copy the VM files from one host to the next, but that would be the wrong method. Instead, you should export the VM as an appliance, move the appliance to the new host, and then import the appliance.
How do you export a VM as an appliance? I'll walk you through the process.
SEE: Quick glossary: Virtualization (Tech Pro Research)
How to export a VM to an appliance
In order to export an appliance, your VM must be powered down. If the machine is in a Saved state, it will not export.
Once the VM in question is powered down, go to the VirtualBox main window and click File | Export Appliance. In the resulting window, locate and select the VM to be exported and click Next (Figure A).
Figure A
Figure A
Exporting a Nextcloud server as an appliance.
In the next window, select the location to hold the exported appliance file as well as format of the appliance (Figure B). By default, the file will be saved with an .ova extension, which is good because it will save the appliance as a single file; if you save the file with an .ovf extension, the appliance will be saved as separate files. In other words, stick with the default .ova extension—you can select between OVF 0.9, OVF 1.0, and OVF 2.0. The default is OVF 1.0, and it usually works fine.
After you name the appliance and select the format, click Next.
Figure B
Figure B
Selecting the format and location of the exported appliance.
In the final screen, review your settings and then click Export to start the process (Figure C).
Figure C
Figure C
The final step in the export process.
The process takes awhile; for instance, to export my Nextcloud appliance, the process took approximately 10 minutes. When the export completes, you will find an .ova file that you can move to the new host machine, import, and then enjoy the VM on its new host.
How to import a VM to an appliance
 1. Move the exported .ova file to the new host server.
 2. Open VirtualBox.
 3. Click File | Import Appliance.
 4. Locate the .ova file.
 5. Click Next.
 6. Review the Appliance settings.
 7. Click Import.
When the import completes (this process takes significantly less time than exporting), the VM is ready to start up and use.
An easy way to move VMs
Exporting VMs to appliances is one of the easiest and most reliable ways to move guests from host to host; in fact, this method should be considered the only method of migrating your VMs from host to host. Give this task a try, and see if your VMs aren't happy living in their new home.
Also see
By Jack Wallen
Jack Wallen is an award-winning writer for TechRepublic and Linux.com. He's an avid promoter of open source and the voice of The Android Expert. For more news about Jack Wallen, visit his website jackwallen.com.