Laravel in Docker
Last updated May 12, 2021
Laravel in Docker
In this article, we'll show you how to create a Docker image of a Laravel application, push it to an image registry, and use Docker in Continuous Delivery.
Actions used in this guide:
Laravel is a fast, user-friendly, and well-documented framework that you can use to build all kinds of web applications. According to its official website:
Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. (...) Laravel strives to provide an amazing developer experience, while providing powerful features such as thorough dependency injection, an expressive database abstraction layer, queues and scheduled jobs, unit and integration testing, and more.
Docker is a virtualization method that has a huge impact on today's software development landscape. Its main draw is a different approach to virtualization architecture that eliminates the "works on my machine" issue when working across different environments. A perfect companion for developers who code in collaboration with others. Here are some key aspects of Docker:
 - it's faster and less resource-consuming than 'traditional' VM's
 - it's easy to set up and configure
 - it's a breeze to reuse: pick an existing Docker image as the cornerstone of your setup and install any libraries or packages not bundled with the image
 - it's shareable: you can push images to Docker registries and pull them on other machines, just like you push and pull code from Git
Hungry for more insight on Docker and containers? Watch this video by The Simple Engineer:
How to Dockerize a Laravel application
In theory, Dockerization means activities leading to the launch of the application in a Docker container. In case of a Laravel app, this can be translated into the following steps:
 - writing a Dockerfile for the application
 - building a Docker image from the Dockerfile and pushing it to the registry
 - pulling the image and running launching the app on the server
In this guide, we're going to containerize a simple calculator written with the Laravel framework. Simply fork the repository and Dockerize Laravel with the instructions below!
To check out how the calculator works before baking Laravel into a Docker image, run this command in the repository:
php artisan serve
If you'd like to see how to create such app from scratch, we described how to write and run the calculator in this guide.
Install Docker
Begin with installing Docker on your machine:
Write a Dockerfile
The Dockerfile is a text that defines the contents and launching method of our Docker image. Create a new file in the repository and name it Dockerfile. Populate the file with the following lines. We are going to break them down one by one later on.
FROM php:8.0.5
RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install -y openssl zip unzip git
RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo mbstring
COPY. /app
RUN composer install
CMD php artisan serve --host= --port=8181
Dockerfile details
Line 1
Just like we mentioned in the introduction, Docker images can be inherited from other users. Using official Docker images guarantees the template is well written and prepared. In this case, we shall PHP in version 8.0.5:
FROM php:8.0.5
Docker images are shared through image registries. The most popular is Docker Hub. You can browse the list of all official Docker images here.
Lines 2-4:
These lines cover the installation of tools required to install Laravel: Git, Zip, Unzip, and OpenSSL. Next, we run the installation command and run PHP modules: PDO and mbstring.
RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo mbstring
Lines 5-7:
Here we set the working dir in the container to /app, copy the application files to it, and run composer install"
COPY. /app
RUN composer install
Line 8:
Use CMD to set the command that will be run when launching the Docker image. In our case, we're going to serve the application with php artisan set to port 8181:
Line 9:
Expose port 8181 outside the launched container. This is the same port our application is going to use:
Build Docker image
With the Dockerfile in place, we're ready to create the Docker image. Fire up the terminal, go to the directory with the Dockerfile, and run:
docker build -t my-first-image.
The -t parameter is the tag of the Docker image. The dot at the end of the command means that we're going to build the image in the context of the parent directory. In other words, the files that will be copied to the /app directory in the container are files from the contextual directory of the build (in this case: repository directory).
Run Docker image
Time to run Laravel in Docker! Launch the container with docker run. Don't forget to add the parameter with the port!
docker run -p 8181:8181 my-first-image
The application is now available from your browser at http://localhost:8181.
Sharing images through Docker registry
Once created, a Docker image can be pushed to a Docker registry from which it can be pulled and run by other users. You can create a private registry and serve images from your server, or use a cloud-hosted solution. Currently, the most popular cloud registries are:
In this part of the guide we'll show you how to add an image to Docker Hub so you can use it on another computer. Here's what you need to do:
 1. Create a profile on Docker Hub or log in with an existing one.
 2. Build the Docker image and tag it with your Docker Hub username:
docker build -t [USERNAME]/my-first-image.
 1. Log in to Docker Hub with your username and password:
docker login
 1. Push the image to the registry:
docker push [USERNAME]/my-first-image
Logging in to Docker HubLogging in to Docker Hub
That's it. From now on you can pull and run the image on any computer with Docker installed. The default docker run command will automatically pull and run the image from the selected location:
docker run [USERNAME]/my-first-image
Docker image on Docker HubDocker image on Docker Hub
The download from a public provider might take a while depending on the load, so if you run your business from a location with a slow internet connection, consider setting up a private registry for better performance.
Docker in practice: Use cases
So far we've covered the technical process of building and sharing Docker images. Below we share some concrete appliance of Docker in everyday work.
Docker in development
Every developer knows that before you start working on an application you first need to prepare your work environment. This involves a series of pains, including but not limited to:
 - installing the framework in version X
 - installing the database in version Y
 - installing the library in version Z
The more advanced the project, the more dependencies and setup it involves, which considerably prolongs the process of delivering the application. We won't even mention the dependency hell when you're trying to develop two applications with different requirements on one computer.
With Docker, you don't need to write documentation detailing environment setup because the entire working environment is defined in the Dockerfile and safely stored in Git. This means you can go back to any revision of the file in the repository to see how your project evolved.
What's even more convenient, you don't need anything but Docker to run the software on your computer because everything else – frameworks, libraries, dependencies – is stored in the Docker image. What you do is run git clone, docker build, and docker run and the app is already running on your computer.
It's also possible to create a Dockerfile that will serve the application directly from the directory where you code, so that you won't have to rebuild the Docker image on every change!
Docker in QA
Every developer knows that phraseEvery developer knows that phrase
The phrase above is bound to appear whenever a tester and a developer discuss a new feature. In reality, 99% of such problems result from compatibility issues between different environments in which the application is run. One developer codes the application on Linux, another one on Mac, and QA runs the tests on Windows. With Docker, the environment is the same for every member of the team: the app is forwarded to QA in the form of a Docker image pre-configured in the Dockerfile.
Docker for dev/stage/production
Usually, the development process is divided into three consecutive environments:
 - Development – where the actual coding takes place
 - Staging – where the application is reviewed and tested
 - Production – where the final version of the application is hosted
Each of these environments is assigned to a separate branch in the repository. When the work in the development branch is over, it is merged to the staging branch, where the QA runs their tests. Then, the staging branch is merged into the master (production) branch and the application is ready to be reviewed by the client.
With Docker, each environment is described in a separate Dockerfile for every branch. If you change something in the DEV branch, the STAGE branch remains in its original state until the changes have been merged.
Continuous Delivery with Buddy
Buddy is a tool that lets you streamline the process of building, pushing, and running Docker images to a manual trigger or a single push to the repository.
In this part of the guide, we'll add a pipeline that will build and test a Docker image, push it to the selected registry, and run it on the server.
Continuous Delivery pipeline for DockerContinuous Delivery pipeline for Docker
Pipeline configuration
Buddy drops


What is the only physical difference between heavy water and pure water?
heavy water has greater density
heavy water is radioactive
heavy water is not translucent
heavy water conducts electricity
Heavy water contains deuterium instead of common hydrogen-1. In its pure form it has a density about 11% greater than water, but otherwise, it is physically and chemically similar. It is not radioactive. Because of greater density and stronger hydrogen-oxygen bonds, its behavior is slightly different in some biochemical reactions. It may be toxic, but only when a large fraction of water (> 50%) in higher organisms is replaced by heavy water.
Answers distribution
heavy water has greater density
heavy water is radioactive
heavy water is not translucent
heavy water conducts electricity
answers
flagFinland
94%
1%
1%
2%
79
flagItaly
91%
3%
3%
2%
89
flagthe United Arab Emirates
90%
4%
2%
2%
70
flagSwitzerland
86%
5%
0%
7%
38
flagthe Netherlands
83%
7%
3%
6%
127
flagGreece
80%
7%
9%
2%
41
flagGermany
73%
9%
5%
9%
349
flagFrance
73%
10%
5%
10%
56
flagthe United Kingdom
72%
10%
6%
9%
851
flagPoland
65%
12%
9%
12%
24900
flagPakistan
65%
12%
9%
11%
63
flagSweden
65%
5%
12%
17%
40
flagthe Philippines
64%
9%
7%
18%
54
flagAustralia
63%
15%
8%
10%
60
flagNorway
63%
14%
9%
12%
55
flagthe United States
60%
14%
8%
14%
1065
flagRepublic of Ireland
58%
20%
4%
17%
75
flagCanada
57%
12%
11%
17%
70
flagUnknown
55%
11%
14%
18%
1608
flagIndia
53%
14%
10%
19%
537
Gender
men65%
women67%
heavy water has greater density
65%
67%
heavy water is radioactive
11%
9%
heavy water is not translucent
9%
9%
heavy water conducts electricity
13%
13%
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What is the only physical difference between heavy water and pure water?
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Limits of Parallelism and Boosting in Dim Silicon
Sept.-Oct. 2013 (vol. 33 no. 5)
pp. 30-37
Supply-voltage scaling has stagnated in recent technology nodes, leading to so-called dark silicon. To increase overall chip multiprocessor (CMP) performance, it is necessary to improve the energy efficiency of individual tasks so that more tasks can be executed simultaneously within thermal limits. In this article, the authors investigate the limit of voltage scaling together with task parallelization to maintain task completion latency while reducing energy consumption. Additionally, they examine improvements in energy efficiency and parallelism when serial portions of code can be overcome through quickly boosting a core's operating voltage. When accounting for parallelization overheads, minimum task energy is obtained at near-threshold supply voltages across six commercial technology nodes and provides 4× improvement in overall CMP performance. Boosting is most effective when the task is modestly parallelizable but not highly parallelizable.
Index Terms:
Energy efficiency,Boosting,Transistors,Silicon,Semiconductor device manufacture,Logic gates,Parallel processing,Voltage control,energy-aware systems,low-power design
Citation:
"Limits of Parallelism and Boosting in Dim Silicon," IEEE Micro, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 30-37, Sept.-Oct. 2013, doi:10.1109/MM.2013.73
Usage of this product signifies your acceptance of the Terms of Use.


Links, Email
Email Links
To create a link to an email address (say, for a "Contact Us" page),
Copy to your clipboard the email address of the person or department. Open the origin page where that person or department will appear. Enter and highlight the name of the person or department. Click the Kupu Planet Earth link. (Yes, even though the contact may be listed on the Radiology website, we use the external link function for this.) In the field labeled "Link the highlighted text to this URL," backspace over the http:// to remove it, and enter "_EMAIL_" where "contact" is the first element of the person's or department's email (There won't be a Preview option for this.) Click OK. When you Save, you should see a little paper envelope symbol next to the hypertext name.
Example: here is an email link for Radiology Web Services tech support.

Breaking any Link
If you have inserted any of these link to your webpage, to break the connection to the linked content,
 - Choose Edit mode
 - Look at your hyperlink; click anywhere on the text or image which you highlighted to create the link;
 - see the tiny red "X" appearing at the far right of the Kupu editing green-frame (see screen shot below);
FAQs Break Link Red X
 - click on this "X," and hit Save. Now you should be in View mode, and you should be unable to open anything with this link. The hypertext line underneath the marker text should have disappeared.
 - Why not just delete the text label? Because this reliable 70% of the time, but there are random exceptions where the link will still operate even though the text does not look hypertexted, and also because in many cases you really want to preserve your text label and remove the link but keep the text.


Using Code Map to understand C++ Android code
This tutorial shows how to use the CodeMap feature of Visual Studio to understand the structure of complex C++ code. We will show it based on the san-angeles demo built using vs-android, however it will also work for all other VisualGDB project types.
 1. Install VisualGDB 5.0 or later (ensure that "Android Edition" is checked in the installer). This will add support for debugging and Clang-based IntelliSense to vs-android projects.
 2. Ensure you can build and debug the san-angeles project by following this tutorial.
 3. Open the san-angeles project and go to the drawModels function in demo.c:01-drawmodels
 4. The first thing we will investigate using code map is that drawModels() function that appears to be called repeatedly is calling seedRandom() each time with the same value. That supposedly resets the state of the random number generator. Let's use the code map to understand what is affected by this. Right-click on seedRandom() and select "show on code map":02-map
 5. A new Code Map window will appear. Right-click on seedRandom in that window and select "show referenced data":03-data
 6. You will see that seedRandom accesses the sRandomSeed variable. Right-click on it and select "Show functions referencing this":04-randomseed
 7. Now you will see that sRandomSeed is also accessed by randomUInt():05-2calls
 8. Now we need to figure out the context in which both functions are called. Select both of them by holding the ctrl key, right-click and select "Show functions calling this": 06-callers
 9. Now you will see all functions in the project that call the two random number functions we found. However, this is not enough to see the big picture:07-4callers
 10. Repeat the previous step (selecting newly found functions) twice more until you see the functions called by the Java framework (starting with Java_):08-jnifuncsNow the big picture is clear: the random functions are mainly involved during app initialization and the only other place that calls them is the drawModels() function itself. Hence, resetting the random seed inside drawModels() does not affect the behavior of other functions.
 11. Now let's use Code Map to quickly find functions related to the GLObject struct. First of all, select any of the GLObject's fields and select "Show on Code Map":09-globject
 12. Then right-click on it and select "Show containing type":10-showtype
 13. Right-click on the type, select "Show type contents", then select all fields, right-click select "Show functions referencing this":11-showrefs
 14. You will now see all functions that directly reference fields of GLObject:12-objectfuncs
 15. By highlighting all objects and repeatedly selecting "Show functions calling this" you can easily see the big picture:13-objlifetimeThe Code Map now clearly shows how the objects are created during initialization, used during the render calls and destroyed during the de-initialization. You can double-click on any of the functions or fields to quickly jump to the code and examine the function contents.


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How to create Incoming Webhooks?
To set up notifications to be sent to the Microsoft Teams channel using 1-way integration you have to generate an Incoming Webhook URL for a particular Microsoft Teams channel.
Generate Incoming webhook URL
To generate an Incoming webhook in Microsoft Teams, follow these steps:
 1. Open Microsoft Teams and navigate to the channel where you want to add the Incoming webhook.
 2. Click on the three dots (...) next to the channel's name and select Connectors from the dropdown menu.
 1. If you use the updated version of Microsoft Teams you should go to Manage channel section and click on Edit next to Connectors.
 image-20240130-170950.png
 3. In the Connectors window, search for "Incoming Webhook" and click on it.
 4. Click on the Configure button to add a new Incoming Webhook URL.
 5. Give your webhook a name and, optionally, upload an icon for it.
 6. Click on the Create button to create the incoming webhook.
 7. Copy the webhook URL that is generated. This URL is unique to your webhook and will be used to send messages to a particular channel.
 8. Click on the Done button to finish creating the incoming webhook.
In case the connector wasn't added to the particular channel before instead of the button Configure you will see the button Add. Add the connector to the channel and repeat all the steps from points 4-8.
Once Incoming Webhook URL is generated, you can:
 - insert it straight into Where to notify section (notification rule creation modal window) to use 1-way integration.
 - save it for other team members on the Managed URLs tab on the Global Configuration page (only for Jira admins)
Managed Webhook URLs
With Webhook URLs management, you can configure named Microsoft Teams Incoming Webhook URLs and optionally restrict them to particular Jira projects.
Please note, the Webhook URLs management is available only for Jira administrators.
Managed URLs are useful for several reasons:
 - simplified Webhook URL creation;
 - you can identify URLs by name, which provides much more flexibility to administer;
 - restrictions by the Jira project enable your project admins to use them without asking for a new URL.
For instance, you can create a URL for the Customer Success team and permit them to use it only by the Customer Success Jira project. It means that during the notification rule creation in Where to notify section this URL will be avaible only for Customer Success project.
To create a new Managed Url follow these steps:
 1. On the global navigation menu click on Apps and select Manage Apps section.
 2. Find our app in Manage apps section or Microsoft Teams section in the left-hand sidebar.
 3. Click on Settings or Configure button to navigate to Global Configuration page.
 4. On the Global configuration page go to Managed URLs tab.
 5. Click on Create URL button.
 6. Insert the Incoming Webhook URL you generated (see the instruction above) and indicate the rest parameters.
 7. Click on Save. To use this Webhook URL you need to switch on the toggle Use Managed URL and select the URL you need from the dropdown below.
Important: The restriction by project for a particular Incoming Webhook URL works only on project level. On Global level Jira admin can use all created Webhook URLs.
Get started guide for Jira administrator
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text:
The Monarch of Galea was the supreme authority in the land of Galea. The Galean Crown was passed down through the Royal Family. The oldest child of the reigning monarch was the first in line; the second child, the second in line and so forth.
Known Galean Monarchs Edit
- Bernadine and Wyborn Amnell; ruled equally as King and Queen of Galea, however when Wyborn was taken as the mate of the Mother Confessor, Bernadine ruled individually.
- Cyrilla Amnell; Queen of Galea after Bernadine's death, until the events occurring in Stone of Tears.
- Kahlan Amnell; Queen of Galea in Cyrilla's stead.
- Cyrilla Amnell; Queen of Galea, upon regaining her sanity, until her death shortly before Phantom.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Fahim recently successfully designed and tested his latest and last test-chip -- he graduates May 2019 -- which will be presented at ISSCC'19.
Minimum energy tracking is a potentially valuable capability in ultra-low power sensor systems. However, real-world applications need to achieve ideally minimum energy operation while continuing to provide performance guarantees.
Quite often, performance-constrained minimum-energy operation means simply operating at the lowest frequency-voltage point that the application requires. However, in ultra-low power (and yes, performance) applications sometimes, these requirements can fall below the frequency corresponding to the Minimum Energy Point (MEP). At these times, it makes sense for the system whenever possible, to actually operate at a higher voltage and frequency, get more work done more efficiently, and then go to sleep for optimal energy dissipation.
This work demonstrates a system that autonomously seeks the MEP while providing performance guarantees. Moreover, in a departure from prior work, the system uses computational techniques to determine the total energy delivered by the power-source (battery) per computation, which it then seeks to minimize.


text:
It is time to collect and place our Fall 2018 Literature Order. Before you place your order at the bottom of this page, I hope you will take a moment to read this passage introducing you the the new Daily Discipleship Guide offered for the fall quarter.
Each curriculum line now has a new item called Daily Discipleship Guide. I hope that you will consider moving to the use of the DDG. This is basically a format change to how the lesson material is presented and how our groups interact with the material. The Daily Discipleship Guide acknowledges that daily Bible engagement is the number one predictor of a person's spiritual growth. It moves the lesson sequence from study and discuss to an explore together with daily engagement format.
The more we can do to deepen discipleship across our congregation the better. I would like to ask that you consider one final request with your group. I would like for your group to join in a grand experiment and consider using the Gospel Project Curriculum for one year. In the fall of 2018, I am inviting all of our adult groups to join our students and older children in a daily study of the same Scriptures. I am praying that the Fall of 2018 becomes a watershed moment where we seek to encourage daily engagement with God's Holy Scriptures and deepen discipleship across our congregation.
I hope you will join in a grand experiment as we engage God's Word together. As always if you have questions or comments please let me know.


text:
Burger that: horses for courses won't do
Chevaline … a horsemeat butcher in Paris. Photo: Reuters
THE eating of horses has a long history. Many prehistoric cultures both ate and sacrificed horses, and the ban on horsemeat by Pope Gregory III in 732 was in part an attempt to eradicate pagan rituals in the Germanic states.
From the early Middle Ages, the horse grew in importance. It made no sense to consume an animal rich in symbolism and expensive to buy and maintain, when farming gave us ready supplies of other, similar foodstuffs, namely beef and mutton. So entrenched was this view that by the 17th century eating horses was banned in most European countries.
And when horse as food started to be popularised in the mid-19th century, it was partly driven by the need to feed growing numbers of urban poor when meat prices were rising sharply.
Its proponents in England and France argued that thousands of horses went to waste every day, mainly elderly cab nags, which were worked to death and then slaughtered for glue and pet food.
In France, Belgium, Italy and Switzerland, the medical and culinary establishment lauded horsemeat, and the working classes gradually accepted it.
Legally, in France, it could only be sold in designated chevalines, clearly signposted by the still-visible golden horses heads above the door (it is now available in supermarkets as well).
In England the arguments fell on deaf ears. The idea the English could consume these noble animals, these long-lived friends of the family, was regarded with revulsion.
Guardian News & Media

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
EducationBoard of DirectorsHuman ServicesNonprofit Member
Essential Families provides crucial services to "below and slightly above poverty families" in a 23-county service area in and around Kansas City.
Essential Families stands apart by:
1. Filling a gap using mental healthcare to provide highly secure Virtual Mental Healthcare, similar to the Employee Assistance Plan (EAP) model mental wellness program, for individuals and families. No waiting list.
2. Providing Virtual Parental Education support to households just above the poverty line, a demographic that is too often left behind in government-funded programs. That cohort encompasses a population of nearly 300,000 people just in the Kansas City area alone.
3. Serving as a "Google" like portal for local essential family resources needed to stabilize and sustain families to be productive citizens in their communities.
4. Providing 24/7 virtual ACCESS to children and family needs, such as: Parental Education, Food, Clothing, Shelter, and Mental Healthcare, available on broadband internet in any city, or rural community. Free laptop, and computer training are included.
Essential Families is also on the cutting edge of donor transparency. Through Artificial Intelligence (AI), and extensive relational database, Essential Families provides "real-time" data to donors, funders about how their dollars are being used.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm writing a genetic algorithm for generating timetables.
At the moment I'm using these two heuristics:
 1. Number of holes between lectures in one day (related) (less holes -> bigger score)
 2. Each hour has some value, so for each timetable I sum values for hours when lectures are on. (lectures at more appropriate hours -> bigger score)
I want to balance these two heuristics, so the algorithm wouldn't favor neither one. What would be the best way to achieve this?
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
A very simple approach would simply be to add the scores together. At the end of the day, you want a blended score that goes up when either independent score goes up. You could use multiplication as well (being wary of number overflows depending on the size of your scores). With either approach you could weight the individual scores, e.g.
total_score = 0.4 * hours_score + 0.7 * holes_score
You could even make the weights user-configurable.
share|improve this answer
add comment
 1. Develop a scoring function to evaluate the quality of generated timetables. You have the idea for that in your two heuristics.
 2. Generate some random timetable problems.
 3. Choose some values to balance the two heuristics, generate solutions, and evaluate which ones look best (if you can't come up with a scoring function, then eyeball it).
 4. choose a new set of balance weightings (i.e. around a neighborhood of the best choice from last time) and repeat
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


text:
Reading Grid References
X and Y Axis
Teacher Activity: Learning how to create your own grid.
- Measure your X and Y axis with a ruler.
- Divide the length of your X axis evenly, e.g. if the length is 10 cm you will repeat a grid line every 1 cm.
- With your ruler mark every increment on the top of your paper.
- Do the same with the other side of your grid.
- Repeat steps 2,3 and 4 with the Y axis.
- Join the lines up neatly. This needs to be done with a ruler!
- Add your grid reference numbers for both axes.
Identify the co-ordinates
Identifying co-ordinates of maps.
Using a key
Creating a key
- Look at the map of the forrest below.
- Find the grid references for items listed on the right of the map.
- On the map there are a number of symbols. Create a key that identifies the symbols.
A Compass Rose
Directions with a compass rose.
Activity: In you maths books follow the instructions.


text:
Amritsar: Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences in Guru Nanak Dev University(GNDU) organised a national level seminar, titled "Recent trends in plants and environmental sciences" on Friday. More than 200 scientists, academicians, research scholars and students from every part of the country participated in it.
The seminar was inaugurated by eminent scientist, Prof Satish C Bhatia from Department of Botany, Delhi University. Senior scientist, Dr Sunil Kaul of National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan delivered the keynote address in the inauguration function. Prof Satwinderjit Kaur, welcomed the distinguished guests.
Prof Avinash Nagpal and Prof Renu Bhardwaj delivered very useful information on how to protect and maintain the plants which in turn, protect the environment from being polluted. The two also stressed the need of conducting research in bio-diversity, genetic texicology, anti mutagenesis and cancer chemo prevention.
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text:
The scientific leader of the expedition, Professor Aleksiejus Luchtanas of the VilniusUniversity's History Faculty, said that the scientists have discovered nine still unknown archeological and cultural objects including remains of settlements that date back a few millenniums.
Other discoveries included the ruins of a few castles and other defense fortifications. One of the key findings was the remains of a Buddhist monastery hand-carved in the bluff of the River Harirud. The artificial caves revealed testimony of daily life of the Buddhist monks. Specialists believe the monastery could have existed in the first centuries of our era during the prevalence of Buddhism in the current territory of Afghanistan, which was later pushed back by Islam.
The Antiqua project was supported and sponsored by the Lithuanian Foreign Ministry. Just like in 2007, the Afghan Ministry of Culture and Information delegated two heritage protection and archeology specialists to the expedition.
The archeologists were accommodated and escorted by troops of the Lithuanian-led Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) in the Ghor province.


text:
Financial and Organizational Structures
Users should familiarize themselves with the financial and organizational structures used in Oracle Cloud, particularly if they will create and/or submit expense reports, make purchases, manage grants and/or analyze financial data.
- The Chart of Accounts (COA), which is used in all areas to track financial activity in our general ledger and subledgers;
- Our Organizational Structure, which is used to identify our work areas; and
Project information (i.e., POET), which is used to gather data and report specifically on financial activity for the following project types:
- Grants and Contracts;
- Faculty Funds and Student Organizations;
- Gifts and Endowments;
- Cores; and
- Capital Projects.
Click here to open and complete the Oracle Cloud: Introduction to our Financial and Organizational Structures training course in Oracle Learning.
Transaction Review and Approval
Transactions are generally reviewed first within the area that created the transaction and then routed to central Finance or Human Resources. For example, transactions such as the following are typically reviewed by the following roles within the business unit:
- Time and absence transactions are reviewed by the employee's Line Manager;
- Purchasing and expense transactions are reviewed by the Financial Unit Manager(s) of the related financial unit(s) and, if greater than $10,000, by the Business Unit/Entity Approver(s); and
- Human Resources transactions are reviewed by the Business Unit/Entity Approver of the related business unit.
Instructions for identifying your local resources are available here.
Additional information about the COA, including the current list of segment values, is available on the Financial Accounting page of the Finance website, and reference materials are also available within Oracle Cloud in the Help Center.


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The farady experiment is actually a pretty long one. So as not being in my course and beyond my historical scope. This post only covers essential edited out parts of the experiment that gave us modern definition of electric flux.
Around 1837 as in my knowledge through wikipedia. Michael Farady become very interested in static electric fields and effect of various insulating materials on these fields which led to his experiement.
His Experiement then essentially consisted of following steps:
- He had a pair of concentric metallic spheres constructed, the outer consisting of 2 hemisphere that can be clamped to each other. He also preapared shells of insulating material which would occupy the whole volume between the concentric spheres. He dismantled it and gave the inner sphere a given positive charge.
- The hemisphere were then clamped together around the charged sphere with about 2 cm of dielectric between them.
- The outer sphere was discharged by connecting it momentorily to the ground.
- The outer sphere was seperated carefully without disturbing the charge in the inner sphere. The negative induced charge in each of the sphere was measured.
Faraday found out that:
- The total charge on the outer sphere was equal in magnitude with the original charge of inner sphere and this was true regardless of dielectric kept in between them.
- So it was concluded that the charge underwent to some displacement which was named as electric flux, or displacement flux.
This experiments gave way to the definition of electric flux.


Myths About Developing CountriesIt's easy to make assumptions about a "developing" country from the comfort and privilege of a "developed" one. It's hard to truly understand what it might actually be like to live in a country without everything a developed country is used to. Treading the murky waters of stereotypes, assumptions and clichés, here are some common misconceptions and myths about developing countries:
 1. Africa is a country/is the entire developing world
 Africa is a continent with many countries of different backgrounds and diverse cultures. However, Africa is often the subject of sweeping generalizations and assumptions; for example, every person in Africa is poor and living in a rural area. This disregards the 54 nations in Africa with different histories, cultures and traditions, as well as countries on every other continent that might struggle with poverty.
 2. Developed nations spend a lot of their budgets on foreign aid
 The Borgen Project works specifically to debunk this particular misconception, as the United States spends less than 1% of its federal budget on foreign aid. Norway, the most generous nation, spends 3%. Everyone can do better.
 3. Developing countries are technologically backward
 Not only is this untrue, it disregards all of the middle-class working citizens who have found success in developing countries. The rise of technology use includes the rise of accessibility. Nigeria, for example, is one of many African countries that has embraced new technology and encouraged its spread with a Smart Cities Initiative.
 4. Developing countries are corrupt
 The cause-effect relationship in this misconception is backwards. In terms of myths about developing countries, this one disregards all the corruption present in developed countries. It assumes that corrupt policies and practices are inherently rampant in developing countries, continuing to limit them. However, corruption happens everywhere; it is simply highlighted in developing nations. Furthermore, foreign aid makes developing countries less vulnerable to corruption, not more corrupt.
 5. People are poor because they have too many kids they can't afford
 "Too many" is a matter of opinion, and the opinion in developed countries is not inherently superior. Because of poverty, families do not have access to sex education or contraception, meaning the decision to have more kids is not really a decision.
These are just a few of the common misconceptions surrounding the developing world. However, all of them are due to be changed.
Ellen Ray
Photo: Flickr


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Scheduling Actions
Actions can be configured to run once the report has generated at the scheduled time. Each action has its own custom configuration interface to make adding and editing Actions simple. The Actions you can perform following report generation are Print, FTP, Save, Email, and Run Script. You can even have multiple actions on the same schedule. So you can save the report to the hard drive, as well as email it out to multiple users.
Before creating any Scheduling Actions, you must first create a schedule
To create an Action, click the Actions tab, click the plus icon and select an Action. Actions can be deleted using the trash icon, and executed immediately using the Double Arrow button.

On this page ...
Print Action
The Print Action is used to send a report to a printer that is accessible from a computer Ignition is installed on. Here are a list of property descriptions for the Print Action.
Property NameDescription
Primary PrinterThe primary method of printing the report.
Backup PrinterA backup method of printing the report. Will print using this option if the Primary Printer fails. [Optional]
Print Mode
The mode to print the report in. Can be either Vector or Raster.
Print ModeDescription
VectorUses math to draw shapes using points, lines, and curves.The most common types of vector graphics are fonts and logos. PDF is a popular vector type. Vector based graphics like SVG image files show images with no pixelation when the size is changed.
RasterAre composed of thousands of pixels or dots. Set the dpi (dots per inch). Common raster file format extensions are jpg, jpeg, png, tiff, bmp, and gif.
CopiesThe number of copies of the report that will print.
Print on both sidesWill attempt to print on both sides of a sheet of paper, if supported by the printer.
CollateOrders the pages so that a complete report prints before the next copy prints, if applicable.
Use AutoLandscape ModeEvaluates the page dimensions and determines portrait or landscape orientation.
Page OrientationThe orientation of the page. Can either be Portrait or Landscape.
FTP Action
The FTP Action can be used to automatically upload your reports to a file server for backups or storage. Here are a list of property descriptions for the FTP Action.
Property NameDescription
Server AddressThe server address where the report file will be transferred.
PortThe port of the file transfer.
Folder PathThe folder path that the report file will be transferred to.
FormatThe file format of the report.
UsernameThe username that will be used to access the FTP server.
PasswordThe password that will be used to access the FTP server.
SSLWill use SSL encryption if True.
FilenameThe name of the report file. The Filename property is constructed using the expression language.
Save File Action
The Save File Action will save a copy of the report to any folder the Ignition server has access to, such as a local folder or network shared drive. Here are a list of property descriptions for the Save File Action.
Property NameDescription
Folder PathThe folder path to save the report files to. This folder path is for the Ignition Gateway server.
FormatThe file format of the report.
FilenameThe name of the report files. The Filename property is constructed using the expression language.
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Scheduling Actions - Save
Email Action
The Email Action distributes a report via email when the report is finished executing. There is a Recipients Source property that allows you to send emails using either Email Addresses or User Roles. The 'From Address,' 'Subject', 'Body,' and 'Attachment Filename' are all configurable. The Subject, Filename, and Body editors can utilize Expressions to dynamically add content or change names.
Email Server settings must first be configured on the Gateway webpage under Configure > Networking > Email Settings page, or in Email Actions and clicking the Create new server link. Once you create and save an SMTP profile, you can test your email settings for your mail server on the Gateway webpage under Email Settings.
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Scheduling Actions - Email
Creating an email server
Before you setup any reports to be emailed, an email server must be configured. To create an email server if one doesn't exist, use the 'Create new server' link. This link will take you to Configure > Email Settings on the Gateway webpage. There, you will be able to create an SMTP server. For more information, refer to Gateway Settings.
Here are a list of property descriptions for the Email Action.
Property NameDescription
From AddressThe Email address from which the report is sent from.
Mail ServerThe mail server to use to email the report. If one doesn't exist, click on the Create new server link. Refer to Email Settings for more information on that page.
FormatThe file format of the report.
RetriesThe number of retry attempts if the email that was sent failed to be delivered the first time.
Address Source
Will decide how email addresses are collected. Can be either Email Addresses or User Roles.
There is a 'ReplyTo' Email function that allows you to reply to email actions using the Email Address and User Roles. This simply adds those emails to the "ReplyTo" header of the email sent to the recipient list, so that if recipients choose to reply to that email, their reply is sent to those email addresses as well.
A table of email addresses with a method that determines how those addresses will be used. Click the plus icon on the right side of the window to add additional rows.
Property NameDescription
AddressesA list of email addresses.
MethodThe corresponding method of what to do with the email addresses. Options are To, CC, BCC, and ReplyTo.
A list of roles where anyone with the given role in the specified user source with an email address will receive an email.
PropertyDescription
Recipient User SourceThe User Source to pull users from that match the Recipient Roles to get an email.
Recipient RolesA list of roles to match with users. Any user that has any of the listed roles will get an email.
ReplyTo User SourceThe User Source to pull users from that match the ReplyTo Roles that will be listed in the reply to of the email.
ReplyTo RolesA list of roles to match with users. Any user that has any of the listed roles will have their email listed in the reply to of the email that gets sent out.
SubjectThe subject of the Email. The Subject property is constructed using the expression language.
Attachment FilenameThe name of the attached report. The Attachment Filename property is constructed using the expression language.
BodyThe body of the email. The Body property is constructed using the expression language.
Configuring an Email Action
 1. In the Schedule panel, create a Schedule to automatically email a report by clicking on the plus icon , if you don't already have one.
 2. Next, click on the Actions tab.
 3. Click on the plus icon , and select the New Email Action from the dropdown list.
 4. Enter the sender's email address in the From Address field.
 5. Select the Mail Server from the dropdown list. If one does not exist, click the 'Create new server' link to create one.
 6. Select the Format from the dropdown list.
 7. Enter the number of Retry attempts in the event the email failed to be delivered the first time.
 8. You can send emails to users using either Email Addresses or User Roles. Under Address Source enter either Email Addresses or User Roles
 Note, email recipients can choose to reply to the email if they prefer, since the email address is added to the 'Reply To" header of the email.
 1. Email Addresses - enter individual email addresses under in the Recipient and ReplyTo Emails area. To add multiple addresses, click the plus icon on the right side of the window. Next, specify the Method of how to send the email: To, CC, BCC, or ReplyTo
 2. User Roles - select the User Source from the dropdown in the Recipient User Source field.
 1. In the Recipient Roles field, begin typing a configured role and Ignition will validate it.
 2. In the Reply to User Source, select the User Source from the dropdown. (Optional)
 3. In the RepyTo Roles field, enter the role(s) you want listed in the 'ReplyTo' header of the email. (Optional)
 9. Enter in values for the SubjectAttachment Filename, and Body fields, or use the defaults.
Recipients and ReplyTo Emails
Recipients Source - User Roles
Run Script Action
This Run Script Action allows you to store your report in a database, provide special email code, or anything else you can think of. Run Script exposes the function handleFinishedReport() which gives you the report name and path, a mapping of the report parameters and datasets, and the bytes in whatever format you want.
Here are a list of property descriptions for the Run Script Action.
Property NameProperty Description
Run ScriptAn area where a script can be created to do something at the scheduled time.
FormatThe file format that the reportBytes parameter should be.
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Scheduling - Run Script
Arguments
The handleFinishedReport function has the following arguments:
 - String reportName The name of the report for which this script should run.
 - String reportPath - The path to the report in your project.
 - PyDictionary dataMap - The Python Dictionary containing the Parameters and Data Sources that were supplied to the report. This argument allows


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History Of Umpiring
Learn the fascinating history of umpiring.The first hand signaling was for a deaf baseball player who was one of the best major league players of his era, William "Dummy" Hoy.
Did you ever wonder what caused an umpire to first signal a called strike by raising his right hand? Watching umpires it's almost as if they think the players are deaf. Or maybe the hand signals for balls and strikes have always been for the benefit of the fans who can't hear the call from so far away.
Actually an umpire did first signal balls and strikes with his hand for a deaf baseball player who was one of the best major league players of his era, William "Dummy" Hoy. Before he suggested the signals to an umpire in 1887, Hoy had to read the lips of the umpire to know if each pitch was a strike or ball. The pitchers on the other teams often took advantage of the situation to throw the next pitch before he was ready.
Born a deaf mute during the Civil War in Houcktown, Ohio, Hoy isn't in the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. He wasn't even inducted into the Hancock County (a county in Northwestern Ohio, about 40 miles south of Toledo) Sports Hall of Fame until 12 years ago. Regardless, he not only was one of the best players of his time but holds records that have never been broken.
It wasn't always easy for Hoy. Two playwrights, Allen Meyer and Michael Nowak wrote, "The Single Season of Dummy Hoy," a comedy about his first year as a major league baseball player. The play debuted in 1987 in New York and Chicago and was about Hoy's first year as a player, 1886.
Although that was far from his best season, and he batted only.217, the play did show the difficulty of the deaf man in being accepted by his teammates. The play did show the triumph of the human spirit, however, because by the end of the year he was voted the team's most popular player.
"It's stil mind boggling to me that he was able to find his way onto a baseball team, command the respect of the players and become the most popular player on the team," Meyer said in an interview in the Findlay Courier newspaper.
Both playwrights said the play was "not about baseball" but about the triumph of the human spirit.
" I was amazed the umpire signals were created because of this man's deafness...Sign language is connected to everybody," Meyer said. We do understand sign language, even if it's just balls and strikes."
The play may have not been primarily about the sport, but Hoy was no slouch as a player. In 15 seasons with St. Louis, Cincinnati, Louisville, Chicago and Buffalo, Hoy batted more than.300 3 times, with a high of.318. His career average was a respectable.291.
He also stole 605 bases for his career, with a National League high 82 in 1888. He garnered more than 2,000 hits during his 1,784 games. He also threw three runners out at home plate in one game for the Washington Senators in 1889, a record that stands to this day. He led the majors in fielding one season and threw out a mjor league high 45 runners in 1900.
In 1898 he was the leadoff batter for the Chicago White Sox in the first American League game.
William Hoy may never be in Cooperstown, but he will be remembered in the town he lived in most of his life, Findlay, Ohio. A plaque honoring him is in the Hancock County Sports Hall of Fame in the Findlay Village Mall.


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Fixed Deposit Is Not Fixed?
So It is 'Halal'?
Nowadays are tackling the fatwa of the Islamic Research Academy in which respectful scholars legalize interest on money deposited in banks. They say that determining the percentage of interest is subject to special economic studies. That is to say, it is not fixed but fluctuates according to prices and so on. The percentage of interest, they claim, is also subject to the principle of public interests. But really, I'm not fully satisfied with this fatwa. So what is your opinion on this issue?
Wa 'alaykum As-Salamu wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh.
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger.
Dear questioner, we would like to thank you for the great confidence you place in us, and we implore Allah Almighty to help us serve His cause and render our work for His Sake.
Actually, banks consider people's money as loans and not as money for investment in shared profitable projects. But loans which incur interest are definitely riba. It has nothing to do with any economic studies or fluctuation of prices. Moreover, riba is made unlawful by textual evidence and it is not subject to public interests.
In his response to the question, Dr. Hussain Hamed, Professor of Shari'ah at the Faculty of Law, Cairo University, states the following:
"The fatwa issued by the Islamic Research Academy is supported by some arguments that prove that predetermining the percentage of interest on money deposited in banks is lawful and there is nothing wrong with it at all. Hence, I will mention these arguments and the reply to them.
The first argument: Predetermining the percentage of interest is based on a thorough study of the conditions of the market.
In this concern the fatwa reads: "It is well known that banks' pre-estimation of a certain percentage of interest on dealers' deposits is based on well established study of the stock market and its conditions, and of the economic conditions of the society. Fixing interest thus differs according to the circumstances, the nature of each deal, and the average of gains."
This justification is not a point of controversy in itself, because what matters is not the way of fixing the interest. Rather, controversy is on the ruling of interest given to depositors, disregarding its amount and the way of fixing.
Bank deposits are considered loans by law and by the consensus of jurists, and "any increment in a loan is riba," as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) states in his hadith. In reality, banks deal freely in people's deposits; they unilaterally dispose of them by using them in lending to other people for interest. At the same time, banks are committed to pay that money back with interest. These are the characteristics of loans as stated in law, with no regard to how such interest is estimated, what its percentage is, or what the name given to it is. It is no matter whether such extra money given on the capital is called benefit, gain, earning, interest, reward, gift or whatsoever. What matters is the actual results effected by the contract between the bank and the dealers, because contacts are governed by the results they entail. Rulings are generally given to real matters not to hypotheses. Moreover, the claim that banks are just investors by proxy that invest money deposited therein in legal projects has already been refuted by law, Shari'ah, and by experience.
The second argument: The percentage of interest fluctuates.
The fatwa of the Islamic Research Academy states: "It is well known that the percentage of interest paid to depositors is not fixed, such as the case with investment certificates. The interest for investment certificates was given a specific estimation, then it was increased to 15%. Afterwards it was decreased to about 10%."
This justification has nothing to do with the issue under discussion, as the discussion now is about the Shari'ah position on banks' interest. It has been stated previously that banks' interest is riba because it is an increment in a loan, usually a percentage of the amount loaned beyond what is due, granted by the debtor to the creditor in lieu of the delay in payment. This is definitely riba according to the previously mentioned hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Also, there is a consensus that any increase given for delaying the payment of a debt is riba whether its percentage is fixed beforehand, as stated in the fatwa, or is estimated according to the rate of interest at all banks.
Money deposits are no more than loans that banks take and utilize, and banks have to pay them back in full. These are the characteristics of a loan as stated in Shari'ah and Law. So any excess beyond that which is due is riba, no matter what its percentage is, how it is estimated it, the name given to it, or its fluctuation.
Some may argue that a bank deals in people's deposits as an investment proxy who utilizes them for his own benefit in legal projects, like buying and selling and other legal channels of investment. But this claim is untrue as observed in reality, and it is also banned by law.
The third argument: Fixing the percentage of interest falls within the category of public interests.
The fatwa goes: "In conclusion, prior fixing of the percentage of interest for money deposited in banks or any other investment proxy is lawful and there is nothing wrong in it at all. This is because such deals fall within the category of public interests and do not fall within the acts of worship or articles of 'aqidah (Islamic belief), which are not subject to change or replacement."
This argument can be refuted by the following:
Firstly, when a Shari'ah ruling is supported by evidence and its scope is well defined, then it can never be changed or altered. This applies to 'aqidah issues, acts of worship, as well as dealings and transactions. However, in regard to transactions, the scholars may interpret any textual evidence in order to define the scope of application, considering the interest and wisdom it aims to achieve. As regards acts of worship scholars may apply their personal reasoning within the limits of the textual evidence, without going so far in interpreting it. This is the opinion of Imam Ash-Shatibi and others. However, in all cases once scholars reach a legal ruling through this methodology by working out their personal reasoning, then this ruling can't be changed.
Hereby we notice that this is totally different from the wording of the fatwa. Saying that rulings of Shari'ah can be changed or altered bears the serious connotation that they are not obligatory or binding. This saying was attributed to At-Tufi Al-Hanbali, though he is innocent thereof. In fact, none of the Muslim scholars has adopted this opinion in the history of Islamic personal reasoning (ijtihad). (See: Dr. Hussain Hamed, Nazariyyat al-Maslahah (The Interest Theory), p. 533)
Secondly, such dealing has nothing to do with public interests because such deals depend on investment by proxy, as stated in the fatwa. In this concern, Islamic Shari'ah clarifies the conditions of proxy and all its rulings. Meaning, everything about proxy is stated in the Shari'ah texts. The rulings of proxy as agreed upon among jurists are:
1. The wage fee of the authorized proxy or business manager must be stated in the proxy contract, whether it is a specific sum of money or a percentage of the invested money.
2. All the profits of the invested money should be given to the authorizer (i.e., the owner of the money) and losses are his, as he is the owner of the money, not the proxy.
3. The authorized proxy must document the accounts of the investment operations in files, so that he can record the gains as well as the expenses of projects. Then he is to give the net profits to the owner of the money after deducing the payment of the proxy himself. So the proxy that is claimed in the fatwa does not accord with reality. It is nonsense, as it does not fulfill the legal conditions for proxy and authorization and does not meet the rulings that are stated in Islamic Shari'ah.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the fatwa in question is not applicable in respect to the functioning of banks working in Egypt and other Arab countries, because the conditions and scope of application of the fatwa are not materialized in these banks. Arab and Egyptian banks do not do investment by proxy; they do not have any authority to directly invest or trade in money deposited in them. They only lend such deposits with interest, which is intrinsically unlawful in Shari'ah. Even if we suppose that there exists a banking system that does invest by proxy, then it should fulfill the legal conditions of proxy and work within the Islamic rulings that govern it."
Dear scholar, I put money in an Egyptian bank. I am living abroad. According to the fatwa of sheikh 'Ali Jum'ah, that bank interests are halal. This was last year in summer. Few months ago I heard several times it is haram. I am going for vacation this month and I planned to give the profit as sadaqah (charity). It is around 12000 pounds a big amount. We planned to put money this summer in an Islamic bank but my husband says it is halal because Al-Azhar is a trusted source of fatwa. Please tell me what to do with profit.
Answer By Prof. Dr Monzer Kahf
Dear sister ghada, unfortunately, these


How Much Should A Guinea Pig Weigh?
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Guinea pigs can live long lives – even up to 9 years. With proper care, many guinea pig owners are able to extend their pets' lives – going beyond their normal lifespan. But properly caring for a guinea pig has its own challenges, especially when it comes to the critter's health.
A healthy guinea pig would be distinguishable when you look closely at its eyes, nose, fur, and bottom part.
One of the most obvious determinants of health would be the guinea pig's own weight. An increase or decrease in weight says a lot about a guinea pig's condition. With this being said, exactly how much should a guinea pig weigh?
animal weight balanca
Why It Matters?
Because they are prey animals, guinea pigs have become adept at hiding what they're feeling so as not to show any signs of weakness that their predators would surely take advantage of. This would include whatever pain and weakness that they may feel. While guinea pigs have already come far from their wild origins, they have kept this trait even through their domestication.
Their ability to mask their emotions makes it difficult to assess the true conditions of guinea pigs. Thankfully, their appearance isn't something they can easily hide, especially their weight. Monitoring their weight could help you prevent your pet from becoming overweight or underweight.
Changes in weight could become dangerous for guinea pigs. Here's why:
When a guinea pig becomes overweight, or worse, obese, it can damage its overall health. This is because guinea pigs' bones aren't designed to handle too much weight. Not only that, the added weight makes them highly susceptible to arthritis, high blood pressure, and heart disease.
This could ultimately shorten the guinea pigs' lifespan. Since guinea pigs are naturally carnivores and eat little fat, becoming overweight is quite uncommon for their kind. If you have an overweight or obese guinea pig, you can get it into a reducing diet.
If a guinea pig becomes underweight despite giving it a well-balanced diet, you should take it immediately to a veterinarian because chances are, parasites have infested its body or it is suffering from a genetic disease.
cute american guinea pig
Ideal Guinea Pig Weight
Guinea pigs can grow from 8 to 11 inches long and their weight should always be relative to their size.
While the ideal weight of a guinea pig can best be determined by its size, males should weigh around 900 to 1200 grams or 1.98 to 2.65 pounds. The average guinea pig weight for females, on the other hand, is around 700 to 900 grams or 1.54 to 1.98 pounds.
Guinea pig weight can be affected by several factors including sex, breed, and even litter size wherein the bigger the litter, the lighter the pups. When they are born, expect guinea pig pups to be somewhere between 60 and 120 grams. Usually, the smallest pup in the litter should be given close monitoring because it is the most at risk of not surviving.
As they grow up, you may notice them gaining weight at an incredible rate – about 30 to 50 grams per week. However, as they reach maturity, you would find the weight gain slowing down or halting. When they fully mature, males (boars) are often 20 to 25 percent bigger than females (sows).
Monitoring Guinea Pig Weight
Constantly keeping track of your guinea pig's weight is important because conditions like malocclusion, bloat, anorexia, and digestive problems are all too common with these animals. Using a digital weighing scale, monitor your guinea pig's weight at least once a week.
Placing the guinea pig in a bowl during the weighing process can help if your pet is moving a lot. Just don't forget to subtract the weight of the bowl so you don't get inaccurate readings.
If you think your guinea pig isn't feeling too well or is not eating normally, keep track of the critter's weight twice a day.
Sizing Guinea Pigs
Sizing your guinea pigs is a good way to make sure your pet is in an ideal weight. Typical guinea pig sizes would include: very thin, thin, normal, overweight, and obese.
 - Very Thin
One of the defining characteristics of a very thin guinea pig is their prominent ribs. Each rib could be felt easily along with the spine and the hips. Since they are very prominent and visible, even with the slightest touch, you'd be able to feel them.
Furthermore, the spine would appear hunched and there is also a visible under-abdominal curve. A very thin guinea pig would be 20 percent below the ideal body weight.
If your pet falls under this category, there is no doubt that it is underweight. Consult your veterinarian to find out any underlying medical causes as to why the guinea pig is underweight. If your pet is deemed unhealthy, the vet may advise a dietary and lifestyle change for your guinea pig.
 - Thin
Unlike the first size category, thin guinea pigs do not have prominent rib cages, spine or hips. However, if you touch them, they will be easily felt. There will still be an abdominal curve but it would be less than that of a very thin guinea pig.
If your pet is thin, there is a chance that it naturally has a lean physique or it is underweight. Just to be sure you can consult with your veterinarian about your pet's size. Usually, guinea pigs of this category weigh around 10 to 20 percent below the average.
 - Normal
This is the ideal guinea pig size. When your pet is of a normal or ideal size, there will be no prominent rib cage, hips or spine. The ribs couldn't be felt individually but the same cannot be said with the hips and spine. There won't be an abdominal curve and the chest would be narrower than the bottom area.
If your pet is of a normal body size, it can help extend the guinea pig's lifespan. However, you also bear the responsibility of maintaining this body size. To do that, you would need to closely monitor the guinea pig's weight and make sure it eats a stable healthy diet.
 - Overweight
When a guinea pig is overweight, it is usually 10 to 15 percent above the ideal weight. Since there is more weight, the ribs would be more difficult to locate while the hips and spine would not be easily felt. Furthermore, you may notice that an overweight guinea pig's feet will not always be visible.
An overweight guinea pig is at risk of having a shorter life along with medical conditions like heart disease, arthritis, and high blood pressure among others.
Just like with underweight guinea pigs, you may need to consult with a vet in order to determine the cause of your pet's excessive weight. This is usually caused by an unhealthy lifestyle but there is also a possibility that your guinea pig is suffering from a medical condition.
The vet would guide you on how to proceed with reducing the weight of your pet guinea pig.
 - Obese
The heaviest of body types, guinea pigs suffering from obesity are often 15 to 20 percent above the ideal weight. Obese cavies have ribs, hips, and spines that are unable to be felt unless dealt with pressure which may harm your pet. The body shape is also not distinguishable and its belly may be touching the floor causing the feet not to be seen.
Obesity is a dangerous condition and makes the guinea pig highly susceptible to numerous health complications. This is why you should seek professional help immediately if you don't want to lose your pet prematurely.
Domesticated guinea pigs rely on their owners to survive and the lifestyle they build is mainly influenced by the decisions their pet parents make for them. Because of this, you would need to be responsible for raising your pet. To do this, you have to set a proper diet for them that would include all the food they need to meet their nutritional requirements and making sure that you do not overfeed or underfeed them.
You even need to play a big role in their physical activities; providing them with opportunities to stay active. Furthermore, it would be your job to monitor their health. If you notice any fluctuations in your pet's weight, you have to find out their causes or take the animal to the vet to help you out.
Guinea pigs live fairly long lives but only if you raise them right.
Carlye Yancey
Carlye Yancey
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Milestones:Alexanderson Radio Alternator, 1904
Alexanderson Radio Alternator, 1904
The plaque can be viewed at the General Electic Company, at 1 River Road in Schenectady, New York.
The development of the Alexanderson 200kW transmitter was a major breakthrough for wireless communication and was responsible for:
The formation of the first American controlled important wireless communication company, the Radio Corporation of America, in 1919.
Dependable day and night wireless contact with our allies in WWI by way of the Navy operated American Marconi station at New Brunswick, NJ.
Our only reliable contact with Germany towards the end of WW1 as Germany's cables had been cut.
RCA setting up a worldwide communication system that superseded British Marconi's "Imperial Chain" of 300 kW timed spark transmitters.
In 1904 Reginald Fessenden ordered from General Electric a unit to generate AC at a frequency of 100 kHz. This order was given to E.F.W. Alexanderson to design. He has joined the A.C. Engineering Department of General Electric in 1902.
Alexanderson made tests on special Swedish iron strips 1 1/2 mils thick in strong magnetic fields at frequencies up to 200 kHz. He found the iron would operate satisfactorily at 100 kHz and therefore designed the alternator with an iron core. Fessenden rejected the design, insisting that his machine be built with a wooden core as he was sure iron would be melted in a strong field at such a high frequency.
GE built the machine with a wooden core that generated 1 kW at 50 kHz frequency in 1906. Fessenden used this for his famous tests made at Brant Rock, Massachusetts Christmas Eve, 1906, when he broadcast voice and music heard as far away as Norfolk, Virginia.
Dr. Alexanderson (_PHONE_) was an electrical engineer with GE from 1902 to 1948. He received 322 patented, the most awarded to any GE engineer. To learn more about Dr. Ernst Alexanderson, click here!
- ↑ Excerpts from Wireless Communication in the United States: The Early Development of American Radio Operating Companies, Thorn L. Mayes, The New England Wireless and Steam Museum, Inc., 1989.


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Chinese scientists invents breathing-powered pacemaker generator
Chinese scientists Dr. Zheng Jiang and Bo Shi Jing from Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems has jointly developed an implantable self-driven nanogenerator that can power a cardiac pacemaker with electricity generated by a patient's breathing in future. The self-powered system harvests energy from breathing movements and stores the energy in the form of electricity to drive the pacemaker.The nanogenerator system includes an implantable nanogenerator and an energy conversion and storage device. The scientists implanted prototype of nanogenerator in rats and successfully collected and converted into energy more breathing generated by moving parts of rats in the form of stored energy and the ability to drive an external device.
The scientists observed that energy produced by rats breathing can successfully drive pacemakers. If used in the human body with a pacemaker the nanogenerator will work properly. The nanogenerator is 12 millimeters long, 12 millimeters wide and 0.7 millimeter thick. Pacemakers have long been limited by their lack of a long-term supply of electricity, as current implanted devices are mainly powered by batteries. This invention will break the bottleneck and greatly extend the service life of medical devices in the field.


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The Western Connection began in 2003 as collaboration between Western Connecticut State University and the Danbury area school districts to provide students with disabilities opportunities in a college setting. This regional program, for students ages 18-21, provides academic opportunities, work experiences, and life skills instruction to assist students in developing the vocational, study and social skills necessary for future post secondary study, competitive employment and community living. Generally a two year program, students audit one class per semester (for a total of four class experiences), and have one different work experience per semester (for a total of four different vocational experiences). Graduates of this program have opted for a variety of settings after graduating from the program. They include: 4 year colleges, community colleges, or the work force.
Current on campus worksites include:
A significant emphasis is on developing social skills appropriate to college age students. Students participate in a social skills group for one hour weekly. Western Connection students are encouraged to join clubs and attend special college presentations. They take advantage of the fitness facilities and the game rooms.
There are at least two social or cultural events held per monthshared by both Western Connection and WCSC education, and social work students.
Activities at the college have included:
- Coffee Houses
- Football Games/Tailgating Parties
- Theater Productions
- Hikes, Bowling, Miniature Golf


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The staple of the built environment, buildings provide safe, secure, and comfortable space for mankind to function for business and personal needs.
Engineering of buildings helps to realize the architects' dream. But, user, geological, weather, threats, and other demands will place a heavy burden on the building. Engineered systems provide the capacity to meet those demands
Safety is paramount in our industry. Engineered systems are the first line of defense against the unexpected. Buildings are designed to resist all loading demand placed on it in accordance with State building codes, material standards, and sound principles of engineering mechanics.
Location: USDA Poisonous Plant Research Facility, USU Campus, Logan, UT


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How does the height a tennis ball bounce depend on the height the ball is dropped from?
Extracts from this document...
Introduction
GCSE Coursework Experiment:
How does the height a tennis ball bounce depend _ on the height the ball is dropped from?
Aim
The aim of this experiment is to observe how the height a tennis ball bounces up from the floor after being dropped depends on the height the ball is dropped from, and to see if there is a link between them in any way.
Prediction
Ipredict that the higher the height the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball will bounce back up again after hitting the floor. I predict this because
Background Information
What causes a dropped ball to bounce?
When a ball is lift off the floor, energy is transferred to it. This energy is stored in the gravitational force between the ball and the earth and is called gravitational potential energy. When the ball is released, its weight makes it accelerate downward and its gravitational potential energy gradually becomes kinetic energy, the energy of motion. When the ball hits the floor, both the ball's bottom surface and the floor's upper surface begin to distort and the ball's kinetic energy becomes elastic potential energy in these two distorted surfaces. The ball accelerates upward during this process and eventually comes to a complete stop.
...read more.
Middle
Drop the ball, do not throw it down. Let the ball fall out of your hand. If you throw the ball down, you may not use the same force each time. This will not be fair and it will produce inaccurate results. Also, we won't be able to take accurate measurements of the ball bouncing back up again if the ball was thrown down because the ball would have bounced back up again with too much force.
Don't drop the ball in an enclosed space or when there are objects around that could get in the way. The ball could hit an object and this could affect the ball travelling and will produce inaccurate results.
From a preliminary experiment I did using balls of different weights, I discovered that the weight of the ball was an important factor to keep the same. The heavier the ball, the faster it will fall to the ground therefore the more and the higher the ball will bounce. If the weight was changed halfway through the experiment then the test will not be fair. This is because >info on weight<
I found that my results graph produced from my preliminary experiment did not have a smooth curve when I changed the weight of the ball halfway through. The graph looked a bit like this:
image00.png
...read more.
Conclusion
The procedure was quite suitable, we did produce a good set of results that proved both the prediction made and the hypothesis tested true. We got the information and evidence we wanted and needed. Although the way we obtained our results was not entirely accurate, I would say that our evidence was quite reliable, the results recorded proved the prediction and hypothesis true. The evidence was sufficient enough for a firm conclusion; it makes sense and as said before, proves the prediction and hypothesis true. The evidence and the conclusion also tie in with the background information.
Further experiments to try out could be; how does the material a ball is made from affect the height it bounces?, and how does the surface the ball bounces on depend on the height the ball will bounce back up again? An improvement on the experiment we did would be to calculate the energy lost when the ball bounced. We will measure the ball first and then work out the energy lost by doing this simple equation:
Gravitational Potential Energy= Mass × Gravity × Height.
Just before the ball hits the floor, the Gravitational Potential Energy is converted into Kinetic Energy.
We can also calculate power and work done as an additional experiment and an improvement on the experiment we have just done.
...read more.
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What you need to know
- Whether you use a feature phone, smartphone, or a mobile Internet key, TELUS will notify you when you're close to using all of the data included in your monthly rate plan or Data Add-on. See below for additional details.
- Data notifications help track your use so you can adjust your data package or usage if necessary.
- If you have a data package, we'll let you know when you've used 75% and 95% of the data included in your package.
- Data package notifications are enabled by default unless you have a Cost Assure, Flex Data, Data Pooling or Data Sharing plan.
- If you're using pay-per-use data, we'll notify you once you've used $10, $50 and $200.
- If you're using a feature phone or smartphone, you'll receive free TELUS text messages to notify you about your data usage.
- If you're using a mobile Internet key, you receive data notifications in your connection manager.
- The amount of data sent or received by a device is measured in kilobytes (KB) and is presented on your monthly invoice in megabytes (MB). 1024 KB = 1 MB. 1024 MB = 1 gigabyte (GB).
Stop data notifications
Data notifications are free and you will receive them automatically. If you don't want to be notified about your data usage, you can opt out of receiving data notifications.
2. In the data usage section, remove the service:
- In the Plans & Services section, select View Your Data Usage.
- Under Data usage notifications, select No.
- Click Submit.
You can use the same procedure and select Yes to start the service again.


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What is Yoni Tea?
Yoni Tea (also known as "yoni sweet tea" or "yoni womb tea") is a special type of tea that is said to offer a wide range of benefits for women. These benefits include everything from improving fertility to helping with menstrual cramps. Yoni sweet tea is made using a variety of herbs and roots, used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. While there is no scientific evidence to support the claims made about Yoni Tea, many women swear by its efficacy. If you are looking for an all-natural way to improve your overall health, then Yoni Tea may be worth trying.
Yoni Tea Benefits
Nowadays, people all over the world are taking advantage and using this natural remedy for better reproductive health and overall well-being. Yoni womb tea has many purported benefits, including:
1. Improving fertility: The use of herbs to enhance fertility has been around since ancient times. Made from natural ingredients that contain very powerful antioxidants, Yoni Tea's blend of herbs is thought to enhance fertility and has been around since ancient times.
Shop our range of fertility products online at Yoni Healing.
2. Easing menstrual cramps: Yoni Tea's herbs can help ease menstrual cramps and PMS symptoms. The tea is a blend of high quality, organic herbs that help to balance the female body. The tea helps to cleanse and detoxify the body, while also aiding in digestion and supporting the immune system.
3. Boosting energy levels: It is said that consuming Yoni Tea can help give you a boost of energy. Not only that, but it has also been known to improve overall health in general. Whether you are looking for an afternoon pick-me-up, or hoping to improve your health in the long run, Yoni Tea may be a good option to consider.
Shop our hormone products online at Yoni Healing.
4. Aiding digestion: The herbs in Yoni Tea have long been believed to aid digestion and detoxify the body due to key herbs in this natural tea. Just a few cups of yoni womb tea each day is said to help reduce inflammation, ease digestive discomfort, and promote a healthy balance in the body.
Shop Yoni Healing for our range of digestion products.
5. Reducing stress: Many people believe that yoni sweet tea can help reduce stress and promote relaxation. Some studies have shown that certain components in the tea may be helpful in reducing stress. Drinking this tea has been linked with lower rates of anxiety and depression.
Shop our range of stress relief products online.
Yoni Tea in South Africa
If you are interested in trying Yoni Tea, then you can purchase it from a variety of different sources. Yoni Healing is a popular, reputable health store that sells Yoni Tea and other holistic products, available online and offering nationwide delivery. .
For even better results we recommend using Yoni Tea in conjunction with:
- Yoni steaming Herbs - for overall health and various conditions including menopause, fertility, fibroids and other chronic challenges. See our blog on yoni steaming for more information.
- Hormone Balance Drops/Tea - for reproductive health support.
When buying Yoni Tea, be sure to choose a reputable brand that uses high-quality ingredients. It is also important to follow the directions on the packaging carefully. Yoni Tea can usually be consumed safely on a daily basis, but it is always best to speak with your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.
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Koy Sanjaq Syriac language
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Koy Sanjaq Surat
ܣܘܪܬ Sûrat
Native to Iraq
Region Koy Sanjaq and Armota in Arbil Province
Native speakers
800 (1995)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 kqd
Glottolog koys1242[2]
Koy Sanjaq Surat is a modern Eastern Syriac-Aramaic language. Speakers of the language call it simply Surat, or 'Syriac'. It is spoken in the town of Koy Sanjaq and its nearby village of Armota in the Arbil Province as well as in Ankawa. The speakers of Koy Sanjaq Surat have traditionally been Assyrians.
Koy Sanjaq Surat seems to be related to Senaya, which is spoken by Assyrians who originally lived east of Koy Sanjaq, in the city of Sanandaj in Iran. Not enough is known about the language to make any definite comment, but it seems that Koy Sanjaq Surat may have developed as the language of Assyrian settlers from Sanandaj. The dialect also has much more Kurdish influences then other dialects of Syriac. It does not appear to be intelligible with Chaldean Neo-Aramaic, which is spoken by co-ethnics further north, or with the Jewish Neo-Aramaic language of Lishanid Noshan, which was traditionally spoken by the Jews of Koy Sanjaq.
The Madnhâyâ version of the Syriac alphabet is used in writing, but most written material is in the Syriac language used in worship.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Koy Sanjaq Surat at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
 2. ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Koy Sanjaq Surat". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.


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FUTURE Foundation Sustainable Design Robot Construction Challenge
The FUTURE Foundation exists to advance robotics and technology through education.
With the Autodesk Sustainability Workshop as inspiration, build a VEX robot or robotically-controlled machine that achieves one or more sustainability goals. You may construct either a full-size VEX robot or a VEX model of a larger machine.
Sustainability is about using engineering and science to reduce human environmental impact. This can mean producing renewable energy, using less energy, replacing high-environmental-impact materials with low-impact alternatives, recycling, reusing, and designing upgradeable products that can meet future needs without having to be replaced. Learn more about sustainability, and specifically sustainable design, at the Autodesk Sustainability Workshop website at _URL_


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Family and Consumer Sciences Education (B.S.)
This interdisciplinary education program prepares graduates for a secondary teacher license in Family and Consumer Sciences. Academic preparation includes study in the areas of early childhood development, marriage and family relationships, parenting education, housing and interiors, clothing and textiles, nutrition and wellness, food preparation, and human relationships.
With the development of a knowledge base in these critical areas, graduates will be prepared to provide valuable content to secondary education students as they confront life's challenges. These students can become a resource to their own families empowering them to become healthy community contributors.
The BYU FACS program interfaces with the McKay School of Education and includes classes in diversity, classroom management, lesson planning and technology.


RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Is there an association between tendinopathy and diabetes mellitus? A systematic review with meta-analysis JF British Journal of Sports Medicine JO Br J Sports Med FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine SP 982 OP 989 DO 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094735 VO 50 IS 16 A1 Ranger, Tom A A1 Wong, Andrea M Y A1 Cook, Jill L A1 Gaida, Jamie E YR 2016 UL _URL_ AB Background Musculoskeletal symptoms limit adherence to exercise interventions for individuals with type 2 diabetes. People with diabetes may be susceptible to tendinopathy due to chronically elevated blood glucose levels. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this potential association by systematically reviewing and meta-analysing case–control, cross-sectional, and studies that considered both of these conditions.Methods Nine medical databases and hand searching methods were used without year limits to identify all relevant English language articles that considered diabetes and tendinopathy. Two authors applied exclusion criteria and one author extracted data with verification by a second author. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR), mean difference or standardised mean difference with a confidence intervals (95% CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by I2.Findings 31 studies were included in the final analysis of which 26 recruited people with diabetes and five recruited people with tendinopathy. Tendinopathy was more prevalent in people with diabetes (17 studies, OR 3·67, 95% CI 2·71 to 4·97), diabetes was more prevalent in people with tendinopathy (5 studies, OR 1·28, 95% CI 1·10 to 1·49), people with diabetes and tendinopathy had a longer duration of diabetes than people with diabetes only (6 studies, mean difference 5·26 years, 95% CI 4·15 to 6·36) and people with diabetes had thicker tendons than controls (9 studies, standardised mean difference 0·79 95% CI 0·47 to 1·12).Interpretation These findings provide strong evidence that diabetes is associated with higher risk of tendinopathy. This is clinically relevant as tendinopathy may affect adherence to exercise interventions for diabetes.