Ocs package
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OCS : Octave Circuit Simulator
History and Motivation
Problem Formulation
Data Structure
File Formats
There are several ways of setting up the data structure for an OCS simulation. The first approach is to just assign the fields of the data structure via Octave commands, otherwise one can parse an ascii file written in (a subste of) SPICE netlist language or in OCS's own netlist specification language called IFF (Interchange File Format)
IFF netlists
The name IFF stands for "Intermediate File Format" or "Interchange File Format" it represents an ASCII file format for describing coupled electrical circuits, devices and systems. The IFF syntx described here is version 0.1b1.
A circuit description is comprised of a set of files of three different types:
 - 1 CIR (Circuit) file: an ASCII text file with filename <circuitname>.cir
 - 1 NMS (Names) file: an ASCII text file with filename <circuitname>.nms
 - N >= 1 SBN (Subnet) files: a set of M-functions or DLD-functions following the template described below.
SBN files are not necessarily specific to one circuit and can be grouped in libraries as long as the directory containing the library is added to the path when the IFF parser is run.
CIR file
The CIR file is divided into two sections describing the linear time–independent (LCR = linear circuit) and the non–linear and/or time–dependent (NLC = non–linear circuit) partitions of the circuit respectively. The syntax for the LCR and NLC section is identical. NLC can also contain linear elements, in fact the whole circuit could be described only by the NLC section but this could result in the evaluator unnecessarily recomputing local matrices for linear time–independent elements The content of CIR files is organized as follows:
SPICE netlists
SPICE .spc netlists are parsed via the function "prs_spice", which currently supports the set of "Element Cards" shown below with their instantiating syntax.
Code: Model evaluator file for simple MOSFET models
 - Capacitors:
 Cname n+ n- cvalue
 - Diodes:
 Cname anode knode modelname <parameters>
 - MOS:
 Mname gnode dnode snode bnode modelname <parameters>
 N.B.: one instance of a MOS element MUST be preceeded
 (everywhere in the file) by the declaration of the related
 model. For instance:
 .MODEL mynmos NMOS( k=1e-4 Vth=0.1 rd=1e6)
 M2 Vgate 0 Vdrain 0 mynmos
 - Resistors:
 Rname n+ n- rvalue
 - Voltage sources:
 Vname n+ n- <dcvalue> <transvalue>
 Transvalue specifies a transient voltage source
 SIN(VO VA FREQ TD THETA)
 where:
 * VO (offset)
 * VA (amplitude)
 * FREQ (frequency)
 * TD (delay)
 * THETA (damping factor)
 * 0 to TD: V0
 * TD to TSTOP: VO +
 VA*exp(-(time-TD)*THETA)*sine(twopi*FREQ*(time+TD))
 Currently the damping factor has no effect.
 Pulse
 PULSE(V1 V2 TD TR TF PW PER)
 parameters meaning
 * V1 (initial value)
 * V2 (pulsed value)
 * TD (delay time)
 * TR (rise time)
 * TF (fall time)
 * PW (pulse width)
 * PER (period)
 Currently rise and fall time are not implemented yet.
 - .MODEL cards Defines a model for semiconductor devices
 .MODEL MNAME TYPE(PNAME1=PVAL1 PNAME2=PVAL2 ... )
 TYPE can be:
 * NMOS N-channel MOSFET model
 * PMOS P-channel MOSFET model
 * D diode model
 The parameter "LEVEL" is currently assigned to the field
 "section" in the call of the element functions by the solver.
 Currently supported values for the parameter LEVEL for NMOS
 and PMOS are:
 * simple
 * lincap
 (see documentation of function Mdiode).
 Currently supported values for the parameter LEVEL for D are:
 * simple
 (see documentation of functions Mnmosfet and Mpmosfet).
Tutorials
A CMOS AND GATE
Schematic for a CMOS AND gate
Here we show how to set up the simulation of the CMOS AND gate in the figure. The circuit has
 - 9 Elements
 - 6 MOSFETs (3 n-type + 3 p-type)
 - 3 Voltage sources
For the n-type MOSFETs we use a very simple algebraic model defined by the following code
Code: Model evaluator file for simple MOSFET models
function [a,b,c] = Mnmosfet (string, parameters, parameternames, extvar, intvar, t)

 switch string
 case 'simple',

 rd = 1e6;

 for ii=1:length(parameternames)
 eval([parameternames{ii} "=",...
 num2str(parameters(ii)) " ;"])
 endfor

 vg = extvar(1);
 vs = extvar(2);
 vd = extvar(3);
 vb = extvar(4);

 vgs = vg-vs;
 vds = vd-vs;

 if (vgs < Vth)

 gm = 0;
 gd = 1/rd;
 id = vds*gd;

 elseif ((vgs-Vth)>=(vds))&(vds>=0)

 id = k*((vgs-Vth)*vds-(vds^2)/2)+vds/rd;
 gm = k*vds;
 gd = k*(vgs-Vth-vds)+1/rd;

 elseif ((vgs-Vth)>=(vds))&(vds<0)

 gm = 0;
 gd = 1/rd;
 id = vds*gd;

 else # (i.e. if 0 <= vgs-vth <= vds)

 id = k*(vgs-Vth)^2/2+vds/rd;
 gm = k*(vgs-Vth);
 gd = 1/rd;

 endif

 a = zeros(4);

 b = [ 0 0 0 0;
 -gm (gm+gd) -gd 0;
 gm -(gm+gd) gd 0;
 0 0 0 0];

 c = [0 -id id 0]';
 break;
 otherwise
 error(["Mnmosfet: unknown option " string]);

 endswitch
endfunction
The model for the p-type devices is entirely analogous.
Below we show three methods for constructing the circuit data structure
Once the circuit data structure is loaded the simulation can be started by the following commands
Code: Run the AND gate simulation
x = [.5 .5 .33 .66 .5 1 0 0 1 ]';
t = linspace (0, .5, 100);
pltvars = {"Va", "Vb", "Va_and_b"};
dmp = .2;
tol = 1e-15;
maxit = 100;
out = tst_backward_euler (outstruct, x, t, tol, maxit, pltvars);
Result of the CMOS AND gate switching simulation
Click on the figure to the right to see the simulation results
Build the AND GATE structure directly
Code: Build the AND GATE structure via an Octave script
## NLC
# n-type
outstruct.NLC(1).func = "Mnmosfet";
outstruct.NLC(1).section = "simple";
outstruct.NLC(1).nextvar = 4;
outstruct.NLC(1).npar = 3;
outstruct.NLC(1).nparnames = 3;
outstruct.NLC(1).parnames = { "k", "Vth", "rd"};
outstruct.NLC(1).pvmatrix = [1.0000e-04 1.0000e-01 1.0000e+07
 1.0000e-04 1.0000e-01 1.0000e+07
 1.0000e-04 1.0000e-01 1.0000e+07];
outstruct.NLC(1).vnmatrix = [1 3 4 0
 2 0 3 0
 4 0 5 0];
outstruct.NLC(1).nintvar = [0 0 0];
outstruct.NLC(1).osintvar = [0 0 0];
# p-type
outstruct.NLC(2).func = "


text:
I was looking for a way to display textures from Grim Dawn properly for a long time now and had a really hard time getting on with it which is why I started this project.
The idea is to provide an easy-to-use library that allows displaying the .tex and .dds files from Grim Dawn as I want to prevent you guys from getting frustrated the same way I did.
The library is written in C#, using Visual Studio Express 2013 for desktop.
Usage (Visual Studio)
Adding a reference to your project
- Right click "references" in your project explorer
- Choose "Add reference"
- Choose "browse" on the left of the window that should now appear.
- Choose "browse" on the lower right of the window
- Navigate to "GDImageLibrary.dll" and double click it.
- If you did everything right, it should look like this:
- Now click "ok". You now should be able to use the GDImageLibrary.
- To add it as namespace, add it to your code like this:
The ImageBuild Method builds an object of the type "Bitmap" from a byte array that holds the pixels of an image. It also requires the width and height of the image.
Bitmap bm = GDImage.ImageBuild(byte PixelArray, int ImageWidth, int ImageHeight);
The ConvertIntArrayToByteArray method converts, as the name says, an integer array to a byte array.
byte ByteArray = GDImage.ConvertIntArrayToByteArray(int IntArray);
The ConvertTexToDDs method converts a .tex file to a .dds file and returns an array of bytes containing the whole image file.
byte DDsFile = GDImageLibrary._TEX.ConvertTexToDDS(string Textfile);
byte DDsFile = GDImageLibrary._TEX.ConvertTexToDDS(byte TexFileContent);
The LoadTexImage method loads a .tex file and returns a bitmap for easy displaying of .tex files.
Bitmap bm = GDImageLibrary._TEX.LoadTexImage(string Texfile);
Bitmap bm = GDImageLibrary._TEX.LoadTexImage(byte TexFileContent);
The GetTexFileWidth method returns an integer that declares the width of a .tex file.
int Width = GDImageLibrary._TEX.GetTexFileWidth(string Texfile);
int Width = GDImageLibrary._TEX.GetTexFileWidth(byte TexFileContent);
The GetTexFileHeight Method returns an integer that declares the height of a .tex file.
int Height = GDImageLibrary._TEX.GetTexFileHeight(string Texfile);
int Height = GDImageLibrary._TEX.GetTexFileHeight(byte TexFileContent);
The SaveAsDDS method saves a .tex file as a .dds file.
GDImageLibrary._TEX.SaveAsDDS(string texfile, bool overwrite);
GDImageLibrary._TEX.SaveAsDDS(string texfile, string DDsFileName, bool overwrite);
The LoadImage method loads a .dds file and returns an object of the type "bitmap" for easy displaying of .dds files.
Bitmap bm = GDImageLibrary._DDS.LoadImage(string DDsFile);
Bitmap bm = GDImageLibrary._DDS.LoadImage(byte DDsFileContent);
The GetFileWidth method returns an integer that declares the width of a .dds file.
int Width = GDImageLibrary._DDS.GetFileWidth(string DDsfile);
int Width = GDImageLibrary._DDS.GetFileWidth(byte DDsFileContent);
The GetFileHeight method returns an integer that declares the height of a .dds file.
int Width = GDImageLibrary._DDS.GetFileHeight(string DDsfile);
int Width = GDImageLibrary._DDS.GetFileHeight(byte DDsFileContent);
- Special thanks to Tamschi for providing his TQ.Texture library under the GPL and not getting tired of answering my questions
- Special thanks to Mamba for pointing me torwards the DDSReader Class (see below) and offering some sample code
- Special thanks to Kenji Sasaki for providing his DDSReader class under the MIT license.
Please let me know if there are any problems / wishes for future updates.
Since this is the first ever library that I release it might be that there are a few things I didn't think about and therefore didn't discover which could result in not intended problems.
Attachment: GDImageLibrary Source.zip

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


What is Biomechanical Assessment?
Definition & Overview
Biomechanical assessment is the process of analysing the functions of lower limbs. It is performed to determine abnormalities and identify how the body compensates for these irregularities.
Among those who can benefit from the procedure include those with:
 - Asymmetrical body that is quite pronounced in the feet and legs and affects how a person walks or stands
 - Physical anomalies that affect movements, such as having one leg shorter than the other and bowed legs
 - Injuries sustained from sports or accidents
 - Prolonged strain on the limbs due to excess weight leading to irregular gait and posture
Who Should Undergo and Expected Results
Aside from those mentioned above, biomechanical assessment can also be recommended for:
 - Individuals suffering from various pains in the lower limbs that need to be addressed in a permanent and long-term manner. Examples of these ailments include pain in the heel, arch pain, and Achilles tendinitis as well as foot, knee, and back pain. These assessments are particularly helpful for painful conditions with no apparent causes.
 - Athletes who had sports-related injuries, in which the biomechanical assessment can help establish the proper rehabilitation program to address the problem and promote healing of injuries. The assessment can also be done on athletes who just want to improve their performance regardless if they are injured or not.
 - Those born with flat feet or high arches. These conditions often cause pain and discomfort due to the improper distribution of weight and unstable posture. An individual with flat feet is also likely to develop deformities like bunions and hammer toes. Children with these conditions can benefit from early intervention to avoid misalignment and correct posture deficiencies as they grow to adulthood.
Athletes and their trainers often integrate the results of the assessment in their training to achieve optimal performance in actual competitions.
How is the Procedure Performed?
Biomechanical assessment, which typically lasts between one and two hours, is often performed in a specialised laboratory where physiotherapists can monitor and record how a person walks and runs. Patients are asked to wear a pair of shorts so the movements of the legs are visible and easily recorded. Before the actual assessment, patients are asked about their medical history and the symptoms they have been experiencing.
Biomechanical assessments are divided into two major parts. The first one is the static part in which the specialist assesses lower limb posture and takes measurements while the patient is standing up or laying down. This part of the procedure also includes examining the bones of the foot, patterns of calluses, functions of the big toe, and integrity of joints.
The second part, on the other hand, is considered the dynamic part, in which patients are asked to perform several activities while cameras record their movements. This can involve gait analysis in which the walking pattern of the patient is evaluated. Running and motion capture analysis are also performed. The patient is asked to walk and run using a treadmill while data is recorded and captured by computers.
Examples of tools that are used during the biomechanical assessment include the biometer that measures the amount of carbon dioxide being exhaled, a tractograph that measures angles during leg examination, and a goniometer that measures motion ranges of joints.
Athletes may be evaluated and assessed in the place where they do sports, like a field or an indoor court. In some cases, the assessment is carried out while the athlete is playing or engaged in a competition to get relevant results. This method typically involves sensors and 3D kinematics.
Possible Risks and Complications
Individuals who undergo a biomechanical assessment may feel exhaustion after the session. Improper or wrong diagnosis can lead to improper treatment and may exacerbate pain and posture problems.


text:
- Chemistry is one of those things that just cannot be planned for when casting a film.
- At present, if you draw a company pension you cannot go back to work for that company.
- The workload in Bradford is so great that it cannot take on any new clients at present.
Both the one-word form cannot and the two-word form can not are acceptable, but cannot is more common (in the Oxford English Corpus, three times as common). The two-word form is better only in a construction in which not is part of a set phrase, such as 'not only... but (also)': Paul can not only sing well, but he also paints brilliantly.
Definition of cannot in:
- The British & World English dictionary

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Designing a metering system
From Electrical Installation Guide
This article intends to describe a method to design the energy measurement system of a commercial building.
The scope of this article covers all WAGES consumptions in "non critical" buildings. Critical buildings such as hospitals, data centers have specific requirements regarding power quality that are not covered here.
The method involves 2 steps :
The step Project Definition shall be realized with the future users of the system and lead to define what are the performance metrics that will be part of the users dashboards.
Step 2 : Design of the different components of the measurement system
The purpose of the measurement system design is to ensure that the data collected will correspond to the desired analysis and results. This will allow the operation managers to monitor & control the building according to their objectives.
This will help to avoid :
- insufficient data to enable building consumptions analysis
- Too much measured and collected data that are never used. However the investment cost to collect these data and the data storage cost is not negligible and could have been used for other energy efficiency actions.
This step is split in 2 parts :
- Define the points of measurement
Some examples of usual point of measurements for:
- Select the meters
- Select the electrical meters
- Select the gas meters
- Select the water meters
- Select the heat and cold meters
- Select the temperature sensors

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


clocking between the transmitter and receiver, and low noise levels so that the detected voltage levels can be determined as required, and not hidden by background noise. Your modem should be running firmware version which has a variable QAM capability to deal with noisy systems. The QAM level that the OFDM channel is running will be an indication of how bad the noise level is, within that OFDM channel. That channel runs from 251.6 Mhz up to 443.6 Mhz.
3. Your upstream DOCSIS 3.0 channels also show the impact of the noise. Normally that modem runs around 30 to 32/33 dBmV for transmit level (output power level). Yours are running in the 44 to 47 dBmV level. That's still within spec, but, much higher than normal for this modem. That signal level is commanded by the Cable Modem Termination System, to ensure that the arriving signal levels and signal to noise ratios at the neighbourhood node are within an acceptable range. Unfortunately those numbers are not fed back to the user interface. Tech support also has access to those numbers. The key problem here, in terms of data rates is the QAM level for the modems output. Yours are all running 16 QAM. There should be two channels running at 64 QAM and one channel running at 32 QAM. So, the modem has to transmit data at a lower encoding level in order to ensure that its received and interpreted correctly at the neighbourhood node. That will result in a lower data rate.
4. The bottom OFDM/OFDMA is not used as Rogers hasn't enabled DOCSIS 3.1 upsream. They're working on it and hopefully we'll see that occur fairly soon.
Ok, so, problem one is noise. Problem two are the disconnects that you're seeing.
A couple of things need to be done, personal opinion.
1. Where is the modem located? If its upstairs somewhere, consider moving it and connecting it directly to the cable that arrives from outside of the home. By that I mean, in your basement, or upstairs utility room, there's probably a splitter that is connected to that incoming cable. Disconnect the splitter and connect the modem to the external cable. Then power up the modem and check the signal levels again for noise in the DOCSIS 3.0 downstream levels (1 - 32), higher DOCSIS 3.0 upsteam levels and reduced QAM levels for those upstream channels. The purpose of doing this is to prove or disprove the possibility that the noise problem is within your home. From your description of events, I don't believe the noise is caused within your home, but, never discount any possibility when your tracking down a cable problem.
2. Given the noise situation, when its ongoing and present within the modem, some tech, somewhere, is going to have to look at the data for all of the modems on your line that runs from the neighbourhood node to your home and possibly beyond. If you have noise on your modem, then so do a number of other customers. The question is, where is it coming from? There's a good chance that someone has a device that is connected to their cable system that occasionally fires up, injecting noise into the cable system and making everyone else's cable devices run in a high noise environment, or, in a worst case, it might even drop them offline. This is very hard to track down if that noise is intermittent and would probably require a Senior Tech (Rogers Tech) or a Maintenance Crew to track down the source. However, the starting point here is for a tech to check signal levels, signal to noise ratios and QAM levels, up and down the cable line to determine how widespread this is. Perhaps _USER_ can do this, or hand it over to a tech who has a good deal of experience in tracking down system noise. The DOCSIS 3.1 modems have a much better capability in detecting noise issues, compared to modems from previous years. Its just a question of using all of the available tools and capability that is built into the newer modems.
Hope this provides some explanation of what you're looking at.
Edit: can you check the Software version (firmware version) as shown on the STATUS page. It should indicate version


text:
Well they are just concept illustrations in the form of graphs, but of course...
L=length -as in distance from the forward waterline of the board (could draw a picture of the board on the x axis)
And I have another picture, just to show how the waterline and high pressure area are moving constantly under the board in response to trim and waves.
My idea, which may be silly, is that the rough or dimpled surface may affect the time it takes for the high pressure area around the stagnation line (i.e., just behind the forward waterline) to shift in response to changes in water surface, board trim and flex (vice versa, etc....), and how far from the mean stagnation line it shifts, resulting in different accelerations imparted to the board and possibly more stable trim and/or less energy lost to flexing the board..
waterline and presssure.png [ 17.38 KIB | Viewed 854 times ]
Normally we think of changing board's modulus, shape, or other physical properties to make the board react mechanically in a beneficial way.
Perhaps this different type of surface could contribute to getting the board to behave as we want it to by affecting how the forces are applied to the board in the first place.
Flex of a board is affected by sub-millimeter differences in thickness at key areas,
maybe similarly small differences in how forces are applied to a board also impact how it responds.
Whether dimples or striations of biaxial fiberglass really affect the situation in this way for better or worse, I really don't know.
Maybe someone will apply test tanks and FEA techniques to the question, as they do for aircraft and superyachts -but I don't know who would pay for that....


dcsimg
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Discover a New Frontier for .NET Development: Program an LCD Display : Page 2
Personal computers aren't the only place where applications can run. As we look toward the future, the possibilities are limitless for creating applications that manipulate other types of displays. Get started with this sample .NET application that controls an LCD display.
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Testing the Connections
If you did your connections correctly, you can now power up the LCD display. When connected properly, the screen should look as shown in Figure 7.
Programming the LCD
The 4x20 Serial LCD (LK204-25) display is a text-only LCD. However, its built-in character font (ASCII) includes some extended characters (see Figure 8) as well.
Figure 7. The LCD displays this opening screen, when powered up correctly.

Figure 8. The character set of the LK204-25 LCD display is shown. You can use it to expedite commands in your application.
In addition, you can define up to eight custom characters. This is useful for defining your own logo, or smileys. It also supports drawing of vertical and horizontal bar graphs.
Programming the LK204-25 is straightforward. The following sections summarize the things you need to know to program the LK204-25 using the SerialPort class in .NET 2.0.
Issuing Commands
To issue commands to the LCD, such as clearing the screen, send a byte array containing the following: 254, [command]. For example, to clear the screen, the command is 254, 88.
In .NET, you can send the command to the LCD by setting a byte array to:
_data = New Byte() {254, 88}
serialPort.Write(_data, 0, _data.Length)
The number 254 and 88 are expressed in decimal. Alternatively, you can also express them in hexadecimal:
_data = New Byte() {&HFE, &H58}
serialPort.Write(_data, 0, _data.Length)
You can also express the command using its corresponding ASCII character, in this case 'X':
_data = New Byte() {254, Asc("X")}
serialPort.Write(_data, 0, _data.Length)
Notice how the character X corresponds to column 5 and row 8 in Figure 8. (Note: The list of commands for the 4x20 Serial LCD can be found at _URL_ .)
Displaying Text
To send a string to the display, simply write the string directly to the SerialPort object:
serialPort.Write("Hello!")
Displaying Special Characters
To print out a particular character in the character set (this is especially useful for special characters), use the following format:
_data = New Byte() {&HEF}
serialPort.Write(_data, 0, _data.Length)
where EF is the character in column E and row F of the character table.
One noteworthy point is that the characters displayed by my LCD do not match those listed in Figure 8, possibly because some characters were changed in the ROM. Hence, it would be best if you print out the character set of your LCD. You can do so by using the following code snippet:
 Dim num As Integer = &H0 '---start from 0
 For i As Integer = 0 To 255
 _data = New Byte() {num}
 serialPort.Write(num & " - ")
 serialPort.Write(_data, 0, _data.Length)
 serialPort.WriteLine("")
 num += 1
 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500)
 Next
Defining Your Own Characters
For the LK204-25, you can define up to eight custom characters. Each character is made up of eight bytes. To help you create your own custom character, you can download the LCD Character Creator utility from Parallax. As shown in Figure 9, each character is made up of 40 pixels in a five column by eight row configuration. Each pixel has a binary value of either 1 for shaded or 0 for unshaded.
Figure 9. Here I've created a smiley face using the LCD Character Creator utility.
The hexadecimal number on each line corresponds to the value of each line. To programmatically define the character, simply set the 8-byte arrays as shown below:
 Dim ch as Integer = 0
 Dim bytes(7) As Byte
 bytes(0) = &H0
 bytes(1) = &HA
 bytes(2) = &HA
 bytes(3) = &H0
 bytes(4) = &H11
 bytes(5) = &HE
 bytes(6) = &H6
 bytes(7) = &H0
 _data = New Byte() {254, 78, _
 ch, bytes(0), bytes(1), bytes(2), _
 bytes(3), bytes(4), bytes(5), _
 bytes(6), bytes(7)}
 serialPort.Write(_data, 0, _data.Length)
Creating Your Application
Now that you have the basic workings of the LK204-25, you can proceed to create a useful application to make use of its display capabilities. The sample application for this article has the following capabilities (see Figure 10):
 - Display the CPU usage
 - Display the current time
 - Display RSS feeds
Figure 10. The three functions of the sample application are shown.
Packaging the LCD Functionalities into a Class Library
Before writing the sample application, I want to package all the core functionalities of the LCD display into a class library. Thus, if you have the LK204-25 serial LCD, you can simply program it by calling the relevant methods exposed by the class library.
Using Visual Studio 2005, create a new Windows application and name it C:\LCD. Add a new class to the project and name it as LCD.vb.
First, define the following enumerated types:
'---used for defining custom characters---
Public Enum CustomChar
 ch0 = 0
 ch1 = 1
 ch2 = 2
 ch3 = 3
 ch4 = 4
 ch5 = 5
 ch6 = 6
 ch7 = 7
End Enum
'---used for setting the direction of horizontal bar graph---
Public Enum Direction
 left = 1
 right = 0
End Enum
Declare the following constant, member variables and events within the LCD class:
Public Class LCD
 '---define the width of the bar graph---
 Const BARGRAPH_WIDTH As Integer = 20
 '---store the values of the bar graph---
 Private _values(BARGRAPH_WIDTH) As Integer
 '---keep track of the current index of the bar graph---
 Private _index As Integer = 0
 '---data received from the LCD---
 Public Event DataFromLCD(ByVal str As String)
 '----create the serial port---
 Private WithEvents serialPort As New IO.Ports.SerialPort
 '---data to send to the LCD---
 Private _data() As Byte
 '---parameters used by the other functions---
 Private _col, _row As Integer
 Private _c As Integer ' 0 to 7
 Private _cBytes() As Byte
 Private _lengthofVBar As Short
 Private _lengthofHBar As Short
 Private _d As Short = 0 '---0 is right 1 is left
 Private _digit As Short '---0 to 9
 Private _minutes As Integer '---0 or a number
 Private _contrast As Integer '---0 to 255
In the constructor of the LCD class, initialize the array used for storing the values in a bar graph:
 '---initialize the bar graph---
 Public Sub New()
 For i As Integer = 0 To BARGRAPH_WIDTH - 1
 _values(i) = 0
 Next
 End Sub
Define the Connect() subroutine to open the serial port that is connected to the LCD display. You must set the BaudRate property to 19200, otherwise you may not be able to communicate with the LK204-25 LCD display.
 '---connect to the LCD using serial port---
 Public Sub Connect(ByVal PortNo As String)
 If serialPort.IsOpen Then
 serialPort.Close()
 End If
 Try
 With serialPort
 .PortName = PortNo
 .BaudRate = 19200
 .Parity = IO.Ports.Parity.None
 .DataBits = 8
 .StopBits = IO.Ports.StopBits.One
 .Handshake = IO.Ports.Handshake.None
 End With
 serialPort.Open()
 Catch ex As Exception
 MsgBox(ex.ToString)
 End Try
 End Sub
The DataReceived event will be fired when incoming data is received from the serial port. It will in turn fire off the DataFromLCD event to notify the calling routine that there is incoming data from the LCD display:
 '---data received from the LCD---
 Private Sub DataReceived( _
 ByVal sender As Object, _
 ByVal e As System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs) _
 Handles serialPort.DataReceived
 Dim str As String


Nov 19, 2012
Definite Atonement XV
Christ Died For All
The fact that the KJV says that Christ died "for every man" is no proof that "every man" means all men without exception.
John Owen wrote:
Owen clearly shows that the term "every man" does not always mean every man without exception, citing Col. 1: 28 as an example. I do not know of any advocate of general atonement who will insist that "every man" in Col. 1: 28 literally means every man without exception; And, if they admit that "every man" does not always mean every man without exception in certain passages, then how can they insist that "every man" means such in Hebrews 2: 9? All they can say is that the context determines whether "every man" means every person in the world. But, what is there in the context of Hebrews 2: 9 that forces us to interpret "every man" to mean every person without exception?
It would give weight to the general atonement view if "anthropos" (man) were actually used in the original Greek, as the KJV seems to imply. But, its absence takes away support from such a view. Christ tasted death "for each." But, each of what class? From the class of men in general? Does the context support that supposition? It seems to me that there is greater weight for supposing that the group alluded to is the elect and not mankind. Paul says that the purpose of Christ becoming incarnate was in order to "bring many sons unto glory," those who compose the "church" or "brethren" of Christ. Again, it would be absurd to think that Christ tasted death for Cain, Pharoah, Baalim, and Esau.
When Paul said that he preached to "every man," he did not mean that he did this to every person of the human race, but that he preached the Gospel to all men he met, without any restriction. Thus, as the advocates for special atonement aver, "every man" and "all men" are terms that often mean "all without distinction" and not "all without exception."
Died Once For All
"For Christ also died for sins once for all, the just for the unjust, so that He might bring us to God, having been put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit." (I Peter 3: 18 NASB)
"For the death that He died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God." (Rom. 6: 10 NASB)
These are a few of the verses that speak of Christ dying once for all. Some cite them as if they mean that Christ died once for all men, but the meaning is not "once for all" people, but "once for all" time.
Died For All The Dead?
"Then all were dead" is not the best translation but rather "then all died." It is aorist tense. Other translations have improved upon the KJV and have translated it correctly as "all died." However, some still cite the verse as the KJV has it and argue that Paul is affirming that Christ died for everyone who is spiritually dead. But, the text is saying that the "all" for whom Christ died also died when Christ died, and were also raised when Christ was raised, a truth stated in other new testament passages. All for whom Christ died not only died, but also rose with Christ and are therefore viewed as alive.
What is this death that all for whom Christ died experienced vicariously? It is death to sin. All men are dead in sin but not all men are dead to sin and alive to righteousness.
It seems clear that the context of the above words show that the "all" Paul has in mind are the all for whom Christ died, which are those who are actually saved in conversion. Paul concludes this chapter by saying "For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him." (vs. 21) Clearly the "us" denotes believers. They are the "all" for whom Christ died. They died to sin when Christ died to sin.
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Artificial Recharge in the Oakes Test Areaby Arden W. Freitag,
Dale R. Esser,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: North American Water and Environment Congress & Destructive Water
Abstract: The Oakes Test Area (OTA) was developed to evaluate predicted impacts of developing irrigation in the Garrison Diversion Unit in North Dakota. A limited irrigation water supply has forced operators to closely manage water resources and develop alternatives. Artfficial recharge is accomplished by spreading water in surface depressions and utilizing subsurface drains to redistribute the water within the aquifer and reduce the ground water mounds. Drains have been checked to limit drainage and store recharge water for later use. The average water table fluctuated approximately 1.8 m during the 1988–1995 period. These operations provided a viable alternative for increasing water supplies over traditional appropriations. During the 1984–1994 period, nitrate-nitrogen levels from the pipe drain outlets varied from 0.4 to 8.0 mg/I. Drainage nitrate-nitrogen concentrations entering the James River have been below 3.0 mg/l due to uptake and denitriflcation as the water flows through marshes en route to the river. Nitrate-nitrogen levels near the bottom of the aquifer have remained below 0.5 mg/l.
Subject Headings: Artificial recharge | Water resources | Nitrates | Aquifers | Water use | Subsurface drainage | Impact tests | North America | North Dakota | United States
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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Should a Doctor's Apology Be Admissible in Court
It's a question that's being raised in Maryland thanks to a Maryland legislator's bill that would disallow a doctor's testimony in a medical malpractice case. The legislator who's sponsoring the bill happens to be the only practicing physician in the Maryland Legislature.
Dan Morhaim cites "communicaton problems" as the reason for such legislation barring a doctor's apology for a medical error or an unfortunate medical outcome. Under current Maryland law, such an admission or apology is admissible in a court of law. Some states, such as Pennsylvania and New Jersey disallow such apologies in medical malpractice cases.
While a doctor's apology may be interpreted in a variety of ways, it's open to interpretation. Why not let a jury decide whether it's a relevant admission of culpability or a simple expression of compassion following an unfortunate medical result?
This issue is part of a larger trend to take away from the jury an integral part of their function-decision making. The jury system is an indispensable part of our justice system. However, recent trends such as capping medical malpractice damages and this issue hamstrings a jury from their true role. They are supposed to make a determination of culpability in civil trials. That's their role in the justice system. Once legislators start tinkering with that, it weakens the system that has worked for more than two centuries.


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Lipidomics studies strive for a comprehensive identification and quantification of lipids. While reversed phase (RP) liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) offers unrivalled selectivity and thus is the preferred method for lipid identification, accurate lipid quantification remains challenging. The widely adopted one-point lipid class specific quantification (one internal standard per lipid class) suffers from the fact that ionization of internal standard and target lipid occurs under different solvent composition as a consequence of chromatographic separation. To address this issue, we established a dual flow injection and chromatography setup that allows to control solvent conditions during ionization enabling isocratic ionization while running a RP gradient through the use of a counter-gradient. Using this dual LC pump platform, we investigated the impact of solvent conditions within a RP gradient on ionization response and arising quantification biases. Our results confirmed that changing solvent composition significantly influences ionization response. Quantification of human plasma (SRM 1950) lipids under gradient and isocratic ionization conditions further confirmed these findings as significant differences between the two conditions were found for the majority of lipids. While the quantity of sphingomyelins with >40 C atoms was consistently overestimated under gradient ionization, isocratic ionization improved their recovery compared to consensus values. However, the limitation of consensus values was demonstrated as overall only small changes in z-score were observed because of high uncertainties of the consensus values. Furthermore, we observed a trueness bias between gradient and isocratic ionization when quantifying a panel of lipid species standards which is highly dependent on lipid class and ionization mode. Uncertainty calculations under consideration of the trueness bias as RP gradient uncertainty revealed that especially ceramides with >40 C atoms had a high bias leading to total combined uncertainties of up to 54%. The assumption of isocratic ionization significantly decreases total measurement uncertainty and highlights the importance of studying the trueness bias introduced by a RP gradient to reduce quantification uncertainty.
Keywords: Human plasma; Ionization response; Lipidomics; Mass spectrometry; Quantification; Reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.


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Surface Tester Accessories
Rough surfaces can be more susceptible to cracks or corrosions. A surface roughness tester or profilometer can be used to determine a material's surface texture or roughness. They can get very detailed in tracking flatness, step, curvature and more. A roughness tester is ideal for surveyors or geologists as they work closely with changes caused by the elements. Another testing purpose tool to consider in addition to a surface roughness meter is a plug gauge for machining operations. Electronic measuring tools and gauge blocks and clamps are ideal for precise measurements. Dial indicators are used for automotive and mechanical testing.


Microsoft Edge gets new performance and stability updates
Madalina Dinita
by Madalina Dinita
Affiliate Disclosure
Microsoft wants Edge to become the most powerful browser on the market, constantly rolling out updates to improve the browser's performance and stability with the aim of doing so.
Recently, the tech giant pushed some JavaScript performance updates to its favorite browser, making it faster and more efficient. The update improves two essential areas of the Edge browser: memory usage and event-handlers behavior.
Developers use small-sized functions to break down complex coding logic into many smaller pieces. This strategy reduces repetitiveness and allows developers to read, test and debug codes faster. In addition, the browsing experience is better and faster, as smaller functions are generally easier to inline.
For better efficiency, the Edge team has refactored the metadata format used for each small-sized function incorporated in scripts. In this manner, memory won't be consumed unless necessary:
Most of the 32-bit counters in FunctionBody were also observed to rarely have values over 256, such as the variable count or object literal count within a function. Thus these counters have been replaced by a compact structure that uses a single byte for each counter and those counters can be promoted to full 32-bit values if needed.
Inside every webpage, there is an event system with many event-handlers that define the behavior of button-clicks, mouse-overs and many other such events. Most of these events usually remain dead code because users trigger very few events when browsing. The problem is that these untriggered events can remain in a sleep state and impact memory and browser efficiency.
Microsoft Edge will change that as the browser will now delay the full parsing and bytecode generation of event-handlers until they are first called. In other words, this feature improves start-up time and also saves memory from unused handlers.
The combination of deferred parsing for event-handlers and the memory optimizations […] shrink a fair amount of memory footprint for each page.[…] our experiment […] shows that these optimizations along with other smaller tweaks typically reduce about 4% to 10% of memory usage per page opened in Microsoft Edge, with cases where the savings reach over 20%.
Perhaps these improvement can finally help Microsoft turn Edge into the most battery-friendly browser out there. Redmond recently made public the results of a battery experiment which, according to Microsoft, proved that its browser consumes 70% less battery than Chrome and 15% less battery than Opera.
Opera didn't wait too long to carry out its own, more transparent experiment, managing to prove that its browser was indeed the most battery-friendly browser, extending computer battery life thanks to the latest Battery Saver feature. Surprisingly, Microsoft remained speechless after Opera's reply and has yet to issue any comment on the matter.


ARCHIE BYRON Archie Byron Main < BACK
Archie Byron was born in 1928 in Atlanta, Georgia, into a family of ten children. His father was a voice instructor and his mother was a seamstress, but primarily his maternal grandmother raised him. In 1946, Byron was drafted into the Navy and fought on Okinawa during World War II. He attended technical school under the G.I. Bill and became a bricklayer for sixteen years. In 1961, he was recruited into the Atlanta sheriff's department. Later, he founded the first African American-owned private-investigator firm in the United States. Byron was a boyhood friend of Martin Luther King Jr., and following King's assassination, the King family hired Byron's firm as bodyguards. From 1981 to 1990, Byron served as a member of the Atlanta City Council.
In West Atlanta, Byron built a complex that included the family home, his art studio, a fishing and hunting-gear store and a firing range. He loved the outdoors. In 1975, he began to collect roots and branches that he sculpted into animals and other forms. Two years later, he began using gunstock sawdust from his shop, using glue and water to create a paste. He molded the mixture into freestanding and bas-relief sculptures of his family members, abstract forms, dogs, flowers, self-portraits and also religious and political images.
As his art output grew, so did his reputation as a folk artist. In 1986, he was included in an art exhibition in Malmo, Sweden. Byron was commissioned by Mayor Shirley Franklin to create life-size figures seated on benches on Piedmont Avenue in downtown Atlanta. In later years, when he was no longer able to work with sawdust for health reasons, he began painting.
His art is found in many major private art collections, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta and the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington. His work was exhibited in Passionate Visions of the American South, which originated at the New Orleans Museum of Art and traveled to other venues. He was also honored as an artist in residence at the New Orleans Museum of Art.
On August 29, 2005, after a long struggle with lung cancer, Archie Byron died at the age of seventy-seven. With his passing, Atlanta lost one of its most beloved folk artists who was also a prominent figure in Atlanta's history. He is survived by his wife, Joyce, their four children, seven grandchildren and ten great-grandchildren.
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Around the world, technology-enabled solutions are having a major impact on people's lives and livelihoods by enabling them to tap into previously unreachable markets and career paths. This is especially true for island nations such as the Maldives where science and technology could serve as bridges that link remote communities and nurture them to truly be part of the global society.
Dr. Kayyali Says "We welcome experiments and nanosatellites from universities and schools to join our future missions; we are always open to help and guide academic research all over the world, students of Maldives who will participate in building the 1st prototype CubeSat / NanoSat will be awarded NEP Professional Certification as a Grant from KSF Space Foundation in collaboration with IGS Maldives"
At Institute for Global Success (IGS) in Maldives, our mission is to develop a new breed of leaders, engineers and scientists in the Maldives. We aim to harness the talents and skills of young Maldivians, so that they could realise their full potential and expand their horizons. We want to train local astronauts, equip them with the tools necessary to conduct world-class scientific research, and create a platform to build and launch spacecrafts.
This historic partnership with KSF Space Foundation is a key milestone in realising our dreams and position the Maldives as a regional hub for scientific research, technological breakthroughs and innovative solutions that advance our own communities as well as the humankind. We are confident that this partnership will not only contribute to develop our own space program but it will also bring hope and open new horizons for our youth.
KSF Space Foundation was initially founded to enable cost-efficient access to LEO with zero-environmental impact flying solutions. The foundation offers access to near-space and LEO for research and scientific experiments in many fields, as Earth or Space Observation, biological testing, satellite positioning detection, earth magnetic field measurement, radio transmit, atmosphere science and technology experiment.
KSF Space Foundation also announced the launch of the world's first NanoSatellite Engineering Professional "NEP Certification" for space education and the space industry.
More about KSF Space, _URL_


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Gennett is a record company and label. The company was owned by the Starr
Piano Company of Richmond, Indiana, and was named after the latter's three most
important managers, Harry, Fred, and Clarence Gennett. Issue began in 1917, with
the first discs being vertically cut; these included three items by the pianist
Earl Fuller. Laterally cut discs were released from mid-1919, among them a
recording by the New Orleans Jazz Band. The company made its first forays into
the race-record market with material by white bands, and issued a long series of
discs recorded in 1921 by the Original Memphis Five (under the pseudonym Ladd's
Black Aces) and a more important sequence made in 1922–3 by the New
Orleans Rhythm Kings (as the Friars Society Orchestra). Sessions by a few
vaudeville blues singers were organized, but extensive recording of race
material did not begin until 1923, when King Oliver and Jelly Roll Morton both
recorded for the label. These tracks formed the start of a series of recordings
now held to be classics. Gennett never had a designated race series: instead,
from 1924, it printed the relevant labels with the legend "race record," and was
the only company to adopt this policy. The discs were generally issued in
batches as part of the general sequence, especially after December 1926, when
the catalogue reached 6000; at this point the company started to produce
electrically made recordings, the Electrobeams.
Property rights in the physical objects belong to the UCLA Music Library.
Literary rights, including copyright, are retained by the creators and their
heirs. It is the responsibility of the researcher to determine who holds the
copyright and pursue the copyright owner or his or her heir for permission to
publish if the Music Library does not hold the copyright.


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Humanosphere Podcast Examines Different Ways To Approach Aid, Development
Humanosphere features a podcast on aid theory with Owen Barder of the Center for Global Development. "Much of aid and development today is done more like an engineer building a bridge — with a precise blueprint, clear end goal done according to quantifiable steps. Barder, who is a big fan of metrics and quantification, nevertheless thinks we need to approach the fight against poverty more like [a] biologist, letting the process of change unfold, adapting and learning along the way. It's a discussion that also reveals why the semantics of aid and development are part of the problem," journalist Ansel Herz writes (1/24).


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Singur Dam Reservoir is a major water reservoir located in the state of Telangana.
On which river is the Singur Dam built?
The dam was constructed on the Singur River, a tributary of the Manjira River.
It is a major source of drinking water and irrigation for the surrounding areas.
When was Singur Dam built?
The Singur Dam Reservoir was constructed in the year 1989 and was commissioned in the year 1997.
The dam has a height of 25 meters and a length of 4,170 meters. The reservoir has a storage capacity of around 29,300,000 cubic meters of water, and it is capable of irrigating around 6,700 hectares of agricultural land.
The Singur Dam Reservoir is a crucial source of water for the surrounding areas, especially during the summer months when the water availability is limited.
The reservoir provides drinking water to several towns and villages in the surrounding areas, including Medak, Siddipet, and Sangareddy.
The dam also plays a vital role in the irrigation of the surrounding agricultural land, which is crucial for the cultivation of various crops, including paddy, cotton, and maize.
Apart from being a source of water for drinking and irrigation, the Singur Dam Reservoir also has a significant hydropower generation capacity.
The dam has a power station that has the capacity to generate 1.5 MW of electricity. The power generated by the dam is supplied to the surrounding areas, which has helped in the development of the region.
What to see at Singur Dam Reservoir
The Singur Dam Reservoir is also an important tourist destination in Telangana.
The deep waters of the reservoir are home to about 1000 crocodiles
The reservoir is surrounded by lush green forests and hills, and it is a popular destination for picnics and weekend getaways.
The reservoir is also home to several species of birds and fish, which attract birdwatchers and anglers to the area.
Where to stay near the dam?
The Haritha Lake View Resort at Singur, situated near the Singur reservoir, is an ideal picnic destination for families and groups of friends in the Medak district. The A/C and non-A/C rooms are very affordable, and the hotel also has a decent restaurant that serves fresh food.
Where to eat near Singur Dam?
- Haritha Lake View Resort at Singur located close to Singur reservoir
- It is a state government resort and is very good. You can have lunch there or bring your own food and have a nice picnic at the dam.
How to reach Singur Dam?
- Singur Dam is accessible by road from Sangareddy in Medak district, located nearly 35 km away
- It is approximtely 99 Kms from Hyderabad
The dam has played a crucial role in providing drinking water and irrigation to the surrounding areas and has also contributed to the development of the region through the generation of hydropower.
You will also like: Rachakonda Fort Telangana – A must visit fort near Hyderabad


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Most of the highest leverage workflows in Nucleus are based on visualizing and querying on ground truth annotations, and evaluating your model predictions against them.
Nucleus supports a variety of task types, namely:
If you already have a labeling project, you can upload tasks to Nucleus directly and have their labels synced automatically! See Ingest From Labeling.
Nucleus uses a generalized, unopinionated payload schema for annotations. The recommended way to construct these payloads is using our Python SDK.
When working in the Python SDK, each
Annotation object houses:
- Intrinsic information about the annotation itself (e.g. label, geometry).
- The reference ID of the item with which to associate the annotation.
- An optional unique annotation ID (if not provided, will be generated automatically).
- Optional metadata (stored as arbitrary key-value pairs).
Updated about 1 year ago
Annotation objects for upload!


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Although it may difficult to cite all the sects, what are some major Christian sects that promote "faith healing"?
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2 Answers 2
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Christian Science:
The Christian Science Journal records the healings and spiritual insights of those who faithfully practice Christian Science. Individuals share how an ever-developing understanding of God has healed, enlightened, and blessed them, expanding their spirituality and ability to heal others. Below are a few sample articles.
The Journal also includes a worldwide directory of Christian Science practitioners, teachers, and Christian Science nurses available to anyone interested in spiritual healing, as well as a listing of all Christian Science churches and societies throughout the world. The directory is here as well as in the right column of this page.
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The concept of "faith healing" is pretty broad and you would need to supply your own definition if you want a very specific answer. Lacking that, here is the general lay of the land.
Most Christian traditions actually believe (have faith) that God can and even does heal people. However I doubt this is what you are referring to. Where most denominations back off is when it comes to the recipient being able to demand (in faith?) to be healed and the result is seen as reflecting on the amount of faith rather than strictly God's sovereign will to say yes or no.
Of the latter kind of faith healing, it is most prevalent among Pentecostal and extreme Charismatic groups. It is given varying degrees of importance from a sometimes mentioned subject to a key item used as primary evidence of belief and even for evangelism.
A few less common groups with less direct ties to Christianity such as the Christian Scientist movement also promote this, although their implementation often varies from the kind of thing you see trumpeted on questionable TV channels.
It does sometimes pop up in other circles, even Catholic ones, but is generally not well received by other traditions. Again, other traditions may believe that God can and does grant healing and our faith plays a role in that, but the kind of belief and practice that probably comes to mind from watching TV evangelists is mostly the domain of Pentecostal movements.
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Thanks for the clarification. It sounds like you're expressing a bias however. "They may believe that God can and does grant healing and our faith plays a role in that, but the idea that's probably in your head from TV evangelists" Shouldn't we assume that the "idea" is real for the followers and not from TV evangelists? – rpeg Sep 26 '12 at 17:25
There is no question when it comes to the issue, I am biased. However that's not how I meant that -- what I was suggesting was a caricature at the far end of a spectrum, but I also know that what most people from non Christian backgrounds including yourself imagine this belief to be is likely to be more like that caricature than anything else and the place you'll find anything resembling that is in Pentecostalism. – Caleb Sep 26 '12 at 18:27
Your Answer


There is no evidence of a comprehensive, comparative safety assessment of alternative flight paths by Sunshine Coast Council (SCC) and consultants; either before or after the emergence of the safety issue in 2013.
Who is benefitting from the rejection of the alternative flight path options? Why should they benefit when community safety is paramount?
Air Services Australia (ASA)'s reasons for dismissing other flight path alternatives have been ill-defined. ASA have relied on information presented by SCC, who chose to dismiss the alternative route for spurious reasons that had nothing at all to do with safety.
Further, ASA's decision to limit the scope of its 2019 assessment to only the EIS concepts presented in 2012 has compounded the failure to identify that there was a safety issue inherent in the proposed flight paths, as identified in 2013. This has resulted in a failure to adequately acquit the obligation to properly assess the merits of all safer alternatives.
SCC had a vested interest in the development of areas south of the airport and elected not to advise ASA of essential and relevant information. It is incomprehensible that issues which could affect aircraft and public safety were not shared.
In 2013, SCC should have taken the appropriately responsible action to reconsider their flight path concepts to avoid the inherent risks created by the direct overflight of an approved quarry.
Instead, SCC chose to ignore the safety risks and not to consider alternative flight paths. They continue to refuse to do so. Why?
Alternatives should never have been the subject of cursory rejections without proper comparative evaluation, particularly given the inherent safety risk appears peculiar only to the selected option.
These issues indicate an urgent need for a comprehensive and transparent reevaluation of alternative flight paths and a redesign of the airspace in order to accommodate safer flight path routes.


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This Forest LifeWood Bug Study lesson plan also includes:
Examine wood bugs and their habitat. Learners gather wood bugs and examine their bodies. Then discuss their body parts and how they help them survive. They also predict where they think wood bugs live to then graph the class results.
30 Views 68 Downloads


MATLAB Examples
Gearbox Efficiency Measurement
This example shows a test for measuring gear box efficiency. The input shaft is driven at a fixed speed and a variable torque is applied to the output shaft. Power is measured on both the input and output shafts, and efficiency is calculated as the ratio of output to input power. The simulation results match the parameters specified for the efficiency of the gear.
Contents
Model
Simulation Results from Simscape Logging
The plot below shows load-dependent efficiency in a gear model. A gear is driven at a constant speed as the load torque is varied. The efficiency at the nominal point exactly matches the parameter values in the block.


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(…) and they were getting stronger with/for every day
What's the difference/the correct one to use?
English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. It only takes a minute to sign up.Sign up to join this community
(…) and they were getting stronger with every day
With is correct here because it indicates the "getting stronger" and the "every day" are occurring simultaneously, or with each other. For is incorrect here because it would indicate that whoever/whatever is getting stronger is doing for the purpose of "every day," which is nonsensical.
However, the preposition could be dropped altogether with no loss of meaning:
(…) and they were getting stronger every day


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Prof David Watkinson
Project: AHRC/CDA in partnership with Historic Scotland and the Tank Museum Quantifying corrosion of historical wrought iron and steel to develop predictive preservation methods and strategies
Tank at the Tank Museum (copyright: Tank Museum)
This AHRC/CDA studentship project begins in October 2012. It will quantitatively determine corrosion rates of wrought iron and modern steels then assess the performance of selected protective coatings on their surfaces within a range of controlled environments. The data will be contextualized for heritage by examining how it can be used in evidence based management of ferrous metal heritage. Project partners are Historic Scotland and The Tank Museum, who will take an active part in the research, trial its outcomes and offer strong communication routes for dissemination to the sector.
This 3-year £365,000 interdisciplinary project was awarded to Cardiff University and is funded by the AHRC/EPSRC Science and Heritage Large Grants programme. David Watkinson is the Principal Investigator. It began in 2010 and it will define and measure the variables which influence the corrosion rate of archaeological and historic iron artefacts using real archaeological objects. Further to this it will develop methods of measuring the corrosive potential of storage and display environments. The project is a partnership between the Cardiff University Department of Archaeology and Conservation and the University of Manchester School of Materials.
Corrosion, cracking and lamination of archaeological iron hinge fragment.
Cardiff University Department of Archaeology and Conservation carried out scientific research that underpinned the preservation of Brunel's 1843 iron steamship ss Great Britain (Link to new project page on ss Great Britain.). The ship is a major visitor attraction in Bristol receiving 170,000 visitors in 2010 compared to 70,000 p.a. before its conservation. The preservation process is highly visible and involves desiccating the ship to stop it corroding, consequently it forms an integral part of the visitor experience. There is a feeling that Brunel would be proud of the cutting edge science and technology preserving his ship, as it sits well with his reputation as an innovator. The project has received £44,000 in funding. Collaboration and research with ss Great Britain trust continues to date.
The desiccated space beneath the dock roof and the ship sitting in the dry dock in which it was originally constructed
This £24,000 one year project is funded by Historic Scotland who are collaborating with Cardiff University to examine differing ways of removing paint from historic wrought iron, such as railings and canopies, in preparation for repainting. The goal is to begin to construct an evidence based platform for the conservation of historic wrought iron, leading to best practice guidelines for maintenance procedures.
Coating failure on cast iron (Picture Historic Scotland)


carbon-neutral delivery & compostable packaging
How To Make Your Climbing Gear Last Longer
How to make your climbing gear last longer Redpoint Climbing Australia Cofounder Jack Tho Trad Climbing at ArapilesClimbing shoes and rope are the most frequently used climbing gear that also endures the most wear and tear. Here are some tips on how to look after your climbing gear so that they may last longer.
Climbing Shoes
 1. Practice your footwork. The wear and tear on your climbing shoe rubber can tell you a lot about your climbing technique. If you see abrasions on the tip of your toe rubber, you may be dragging your foot along the wall and readjusting rather than placing your foot correctly the first time. Try improving the precision of your footwork by climbing slowly during warm up, consciously thinking about exactly where you want your foot to land before placing it on the hold. Practicing downclimbing can also help improve your footwork as you tend to weight your toes when leading with your feet.
 2. Opt for durable and stiff rubber. Most climbers will wear down their first pair of shoes quite quickly due to scuffles with the wall. Avoid buying any high end shoes with sticky and soft rubber (e.g. Vibram XS grip 2) because it will wear down and need replacing very fast. Instead, opt for stiffer and thicker rubber, minimum 4mm for the rubber sole. You can roughly gauge the stiffness of the rubber by pressing your nail against the bottom of the rubber shoe sole. Check out this article to find out how much you should be spending on climbing shoes.
 3. Air out your shoes after every climb. This means taking them out of your gym bag and leaving them near a door or window after you get home from climbing. Avoid direct sunlight as this may deform the rubber.
 4. Know when it's time to resole your climbing shoes. After every climb, check that the rubber soles under the toes still make an edge with the rand. If the edge where the rubber sole meets the rand is round and smooth, get your shoes resoled. Most climbers wait until the rand breaks through. Patching up the rand (or toe cap) typically costs 40-60% more than just the soles. Arapiles Resoles is one of the best, however they don't always accept jobs via mail. Big John Resoles in NSW accepts jobs via mail, including interstate.
Climbing Rope
 1. Keep your rope away from dirt and grime. Small debris such as dirt and sand can damage the sheath of the rope over time. A cheap alternative to a rope bag is the Ikea blue carry bags.
 2. Beware of UV and heat. Do not store your rope in the trunk of your car on hot summer days. Heat over 30 degree Celsius can break down the fibres.
 3. Clean your rope once a year, or when it looks dirty. The easiest way to do this is in a bathtub with warm water and some rope cleaner or hand soap. Avoid anything abrasive such as detergents and high-pressure hoses. Soak your rope in the soap water and run your hands along the length of the rope. You'll need to do this twice to rinse the soap out the second time. Allow the rope to air dry.
 Climbing ropes cost from $250 to $450 and climbing shoes cost from $120 to $260. It definitely pays to look after your climbing gear and make them last as long as possible.


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F, V. F. Eastop, R. D. Hughes and M. J. Way. 1969. The Ecology of Myzus persicae. Ann. Rev. Ento. 14: 197-270.
Zimmerman, E. C. 1948. Myzus persicae (Sulzer). pp. 116-118. In: Insects of Hawaii, A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including Enumeration of the Species and Notes on their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, Parasites, etc. Volume 5, Homoptera: Aphididae. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 464 pages.


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by Mary Anne Hitt and Justin Guay, via the Sierra Club
While no new coal plants have broken ground here in the US since 2008, the US government is backing a huge, polluting new coal plant oversees. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and World Bank are pushing a heavily polluting, costly, and controversial new coal plant in Kosovo.
As if that weren't bad enough, new documents obtained by the Sierra Club under the Freedom of Information Act reveal they are using inaccurate and unreliable data in order to ensure the plant is fast-tracked. They are cutting corners and recklessly endangering the health of Kosovar citizens and it's time this controversial project was stopped.
According to the documents, the USAID contractor PA Government Services Inc. (now Tetra Tech Inc.) warned the agency that an existing plant — called Kosovo 'B' — had an emissions monitoring system that was deficient as early as 2010. The contractor warned unequivocally that "the Kosova B plant is not equipped with continuous emission monitoring apparatus…. It is strongly recommended that a complete continuous emission monitoring system be installed and emission data be collected annually."
The documents express grave concerns about the accuracy of the intermittent emissions data that they were able to collect, calling it "questionable." The data USAID was collecting was erratic and unreliable, featuring major discrepancies between units within the same year as well as within the same unit from one year to the next.
Even worse, the reported climate pollution vastly exceeded limits set by the European Union, sometimes by as much as 900%. This shows that building another highly polluting coal plant right next door would only make air quality worse, no matter how 'clean' it is promised to be.
Based on similar information obtained by the Sierra Club, a letter was sent in 2012 that again warned both USAID and the World Bank that:
"The cost of a proper monitoring and modeling program is insignificant compared to the hundreds of billions of euro that the proponents of the new plant recommend be spent and passed on to ratepayers. This cost is also insignificant to the adverse public health impact (and associated cost) that would be created."
These warnings fell on deaf ears. Two years later the existing coal plant is still operating without continuous monitoring systems. What's worse, the World Bank is now relying on the faulty Kosovo 'B' emissions data to move forward with the new coal project — called KRPP — to be funded by the World Bank which is right next door to the Kosovo 'B' plant.
In a draft environmental impact statement for the KRPP plant released earlier this year, the World Bank states that the "(impact statement) for rehabilitation of Kosovo B has been prepared by USAID in 2010," and that "it can be assumed that all baseline data required for the assessment of the quality and impacts on air, surface water, groundwater and soil are already available or will be made available." Not included: the inconvenient fact that this baseline data is either unreliable or doesn't even exist.
The saddest part is that obtaining this information is not expensive. PA Government Services estimated in 2010 that proper emissions monitoring and pollution reduction equipment to bring the existing plant in line with EU standards would cost €187 million, compared with an estimated €500 million being spent on refurbishment of the 'B' units through 2040 and €1.33 billion for the World Bank's controversial new one-gigawatt KRPP coal project.
The negligence on behalf of USAID and the World Bank in failing to ensure that their projects meet international air quality and pollution standards is bad enough, but the clear desire to ignore warnings and red flags appears to be an intentional attempt to quietly fast-track a dirty, dangerous, and increasingly controversial project.
From ignoring strident calls from Kosovar civil society, to ignoring the data and recommendations of the World Bank's own former chief clean energy czar Dan Kammen, USAID and the World Bank are playing fast and loose with the health of the Kosovar public to ensure a costly and heavily polluting project is built as quickly as possible.
The only way to demonstrate that this assessment is wrong would be to conduct a new, comprehensive environmental impact assessment of the air quality around the Kosovo 'B' plant and proposed KRPP site (as the contractor recommended in 2010). Kosovars deserve this basic modicum of transparency. Without it, the project, and the data upon which it is justified, can't stand up to scrutiny in the light of day.
Mary Anne Hitt is Director of the Sierra Club Beyond Coal Campaign and Justin Guay is with the Sierra Club International Program. This piece was originally published at the Sierra Club and was reprinted with permission.


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In 2015 Stafford McLoughlin Archaeology was commissioned by Wexford County Council to undertake a Conservation Plan of Duncannon Fort in Co. Wexford. Duncannon Fort is a National Monument in the ownership of both the Office of Public Works (OPW) and Wexford County Council. The Conservation Plan was part-funded by a grant from the Heritage Council under its 2015 grant scheme. The fort is an important 16th century coastal bastioned defence situated on a rocky promontory. It is one of only three bastioned forts in Co. Wexford, and the only one of which is accessible to the public.
The promontory on which the fort is located may be the site of a prehistoric fort, as evidenced by the place-name, 'Dunmechanan' or 'fort of the son of Conan', and the obvious defensive location.
The earliest surviving written record of the locality is in the foundation charter of Dunbrody Abbey in 1172. In 1422 King Henry IV made a grant of Duncannon to John Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury, Waterford and Wexford. It was granted to Sir Osborne Itchingham in October 1545 and in 1569 was granted to Sir Nicholas White. The first mention of the castle is in 1580 when John Itchingham, who was involved with pirates there, resisted arrest by the sheriff. The initial construction of the characteristic line of the defences of the fort was first begun in 1587 under the threat of invasion by the Spanish Armada.
Two early maps of the fort survive. The earliest dates to the late 16th or early 17th century and shows a castle within a curtain wall, gatehouse and hall, and also a ruined medieval church towards the centre. The characteristic defences are shown in this map.
The second map dates to 1611 under the direction of Sir Josias Bodley who undertook improvements at the fort, which included doubling the rampart, adding stone walling to the cliffs and doubling the size of the gun platforms.
The declaration of the garrison for the anti-royalist British parliament led to the siege of 1645, when the fort was besieged by the anti-parliamentarian Confederates. Four ships arrived to assist the fort, one of which, The Great Lewis, sank. Ships timbers and canon were uncovered from a wreck in the estuary which may be the remains of this ship. The fort surrendered and in the period of 1645-50 was held by the Confederate government.
Two further sieges took place and in 1650 the fort was retained by parliamentary forces. The defensive capability of Duncannon Fort deteriorated from the end of the 17th century in favour of Passage East in Co. Waterford but the fort was renovated in 1724, and again in 1753.
During the 1798 Rebellion the fort was a place of refuge for loyalists and it was a place of incarceration for captured rebels prior to their transportation to Geneva Barracks in Co. Waterford.
In 1814 two Martello towers were built on the landward side of the fort. In the early 20th century the fort was occupied by local militia. It was burned by the anti-Treaty IRA in 1922 after which it lay derelict until 1939 when it was occupied by the Irish Army. During this period the fort was refurbished. In the 1980's the fort was acquired by Wexford County Council and operated as a tourism attraction until its closure in 2015 due to health and safety reasons.
The buildings which occupy the fort today are largely a product of the 18th and 19th centuries. There are no upstanding or visible remains of the promontory fort, castle, curtain wall, hall, or medieval church which once occupied the site. The defences are also likely to date to the later period.
The Conservation Plan was undertaken to provide an understanding of the historical significance of the fort, the current condition of the built heritage, the ecology of the fort, to understand the role of the fort as a potential driver of heritage tourism in Co. Wexford and to provide policies for improvement and works in relation to all of the above. The plan was undertaken with specialist contributions from an Ecology Consultant and a Conservation Engineer.
It is hoped that the policies and recommendations outlined in the Conservation Plan will be implemented on a staged basis, beginning with maintenance tasks in the near future.
Guided tours of the fort by Hook Tourism are available during the summer months. Booking and contact details can be found at _URL_. Hook Tourism is a local organisation dedicated to the promotion of tourism on the Hook Peninsula.


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Have you ever wondered why Chicago is called the Windy City? It's a nickname that has intrigued people for decades. Is it because of the city's weather patterns or something else entirely? In this article, we'll explore the origins of this famous nickname and delve into the factors that contribute to Chicago's windy reputation. So, grab a cup of coffee, and let's uncover the story behind the Windy City!
Table of Contents
Why is Chicago Called the Windy City? The Origins of the Nickname
Chicago's journey as the Windy City began in the aftermath of the devastating Great Chicago Fire of 1871. After the fire, the city needed to rebuild itself, and word spread about its resilience and determination. However, it was a newspaper article published in The New York Sun that truly put Chicago on the map.
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Bold Claims and Metaphors
In an editorial published on October 25, 1871, Charles Dana, the editor of The New York Sun, expressed his astonishment at Chicago's rapid recovery. He commended the city's spirit but also made a few bold claims that would forever link Chicago to the nickname.
The Blustery Politics
Dana's editorial praised Chicagoans for their resilience but also drew attention to the city's reputation for blustery politics. He used the metaphor of the wind to describe the politicians who were known for their grandiose speeches and empty promises. And thus, the nickname "Windy City" was born.
Similar read: Stream Live TV And Sports With _URL_
Weather Patterns and Windy Chicago
The Geographical Factors
Chicago's location, situated on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan, plays a significant role in the city's windy reputation. The city's proximity to the Great Lakes creates a unique microclimate that often experiences strong winds.
The Lake Effect
The Great Lakes, particularly Lake Michigan, act as giant natural fans for Chicago. The temperature differences between the lake and the land create a phenomenon known as the lake effect. This effect leads to the formation of gusty winds, especially during the cooler months.
The Architecture Amplifier
Chicago's iconic skyline, adorned with towering skyscrapers, contributes to the city's windiness. The sheer height of these buildings creates a wind tunnel effect, intensifying the already blustery conditions.
The Engineering Marvel
The design of these skyscrapers takes into account the city's windy nature. Architects employ innovative techniques to ensure structural stability and mitigate the impact of strong winds on these towering structures.
The Windy City Culture
Embracing the Nickname
Over the years, Chicagoans have fully embraced the Windy City moniker. They wear it as a badge of honor, symbolizing their resilience, determination, and their ability to weather any storm that comes their way.
The Windy City Spirit
Chicago is a city that never sleeps, with an energy that matches its winds. From its bustling downtown to its vibrant neighborhoods, the Windy City is constantly buzzing with activity. It's a place where dreams are pursued, and opportunities are embraced.
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An Oasis of Creativity
Chicago's art and culture scene is as diverse and vibrant as its population. The city is home to world-class museums, theaters, galleries, and music venues. It's a hub for creativity, attracting artists, musicians, and performers from all over the globe.
The Windy City's Sports Legacy
Chicagoans are known for their unwavering support and loyalty to their sports teams. Whether it's the Bulls, the Cubs, or the Bears, the Windy City's sports legacy is deeply ingrained in the city's culture. The roaring cheers and chants in stadiums reflect the fierce spirit of Chicagoans.
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Why is Chicago Called the Windy City? Conclusion
Chicago's nickname as the Windy City has a rich history that combines elements of its politics, weather patterns, and vibrant culture. It serves as a testament to the city's resilience and determination.
So, the next time you visit Chicago, take a moment to feel the wind in your hair and appreciate the spirit of this iconic city. After all, there's no place quite like the Windy City!
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A precursor of the modern day helicopter, the Aerial Screw designed by Leonardo da Vinci was designed to compress air in order to obtain flight. Now you can build this model straight from da Vinci's musings and marvel at how ahead of his time he truly was. Snap together assembly, no glue required.
Recommended ages 8 and up.
Made of plastic, the assembled model measures approx. 5" H and 7" W.
Leonardo da Vinci first sketched the predecessor to the modern helicopter in the late 15th century. Dubbed the "aerial screw," this simple machine was designed to compress air to obtain flight through its unique shape. When originally designed, da Vinci's helicopter measured more than 15 feet in diameter and was made from reed, linen and wire. The four men depicted on this model represent the original four men in the sketches who stood on a central platform, turning cranks to rotate the shaft. However, due to weight constraints, this model would never have been able to take flight.
A true Renaissance man, da Vinci was everything from a sculptor to a mathematician to an anatomist. He is credited with designing many original prototypes of modern inventions.
WARNING: Choking Hazard - Small parts. Not for children under 3 years.


Connected Platform Detection/Prevention: 5 Wk Imp
Leverages Microsoft Azure to provide a scalable foundation for healthy smart spaces. As a secure, centralized hub, it ingests and triggers events from any data source.
During this 5 week implementation service clients will receive: * Business alignment conversation: Define business goals, success criteria, stakeholder personas, and review existing IT infrastructure * Base deployment: Connecting 1-2 sensors with Connected Platform and Azure and verify functionality * Depth deployment: Connecting additional sensors with Connected Platform and Azure * Educate IT staff on service usage and alerting * Validate implementation against defined business goals and success criteria
The Insight Connected Platform is an Azure based integrated platform equipped with best-in-class IoT sensors to help organizations safely reopen, stay open, and comply with organizational and governmental guidelines for prevention of disease spread.
Key use cases include: * Contactless temperature detection for public spaces * Portable virus testing centers * Smart hand sanitization stations * Smart cones to encourage social distancing
Benefits & Value to Stakeholders: * Detect elevated temperatures in group settings * Initiate alert and response workflows * Capture data to train vision models to a higher degree * Correlate data for use with contactless handheld devices * Leverage historical data to drive confidence among consumers


How do i fix a jumpy mouse in windows 10
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2024 by
Are you experiencing a jumpy mouse in Windows 10? This can be a frustrating issue, especially if you rely on your mouse for work or gaming. A jumpy mouse can make it difficult to accurately click on items or navigate your computer. But don't worry, there are several solutions you can try to fix this problem. In this article, we'll explore the possible causes of a jumpy mouse in Windows 10 and provide step-by-step instructions on how to fix it.
What Causes a Jumpy Mouse in Windows 10?
Before we dive into the solutions, it's important to understand what could be causing your mouse to jump around on your screen. Here are some common reasons for a jumpy mouse in Windows 10:
 - Outdated or corrupted mouse drivers
 - Incorrect mouse settings, such as sensitivity or tracking speed
 - Dirt or debris on the mouse sensor or mouse pad
 - Interference from other wireless devices
 - Hardware issues with the mouse itself
Now that you have an idea of what could be causing your jumpy mouse, let's explore some solutions to fix it.
Solution 1: Update Your Mouse Drivers
Outdated or corrupted mouse drivers can cause a variety of issues, including a jumpy mouse. To update your mouse drivers, follow these steps:
 1. Press the Windows key + X on your keyboard and select "Device Manager" from the menu.
 2. Expand the "Mice and other pointing devices" category.
 3. Right-click on your mouse and select "Update driver."
 4. Choose the option to search automatically for updated driver software.
 5. If an update is found, follow the prompts to install it.
 6. Once the update is complete, restart your computer and check if the jumpy mouse issue is resolved.
Solution 2: Adjust Mouse Sensitivity and Tracking Speed
Sometimes, the sensitivity and tracking speed settings on your mouse can cause it to jump around on your screen. To adjust these settings, follow these steps:
 1. Press the Windows key + I on your keyboard to open the Settings app.
 2. Click on "Devices" and then select "Mouse" from the left-hand menu.
 3. Under the "Related settings" section, click on "Additional mouse options."
 4. In the Mouse Properties window, click on the "Pointer Options" tab.
 5. Adjust the "Pointer speed" and "Enhance pointer precision" settings to your preference.
 6. Click "Apply" and then "OK" to save your changes.
 7. Test your mouse to see if the jumpy behavior has been resolved.
Solution 3: Clean Your Mouse and Mouse Pad
Dirt and debris on your mouse sensor or mouse pad can interfere with the movement of your mouse and cause it to jump around. To clean your mouse and mouse pad, follow these steps:
 1. Turn off your computer and unplug your mouse.
 2. Use a clean, dry cloth to wipe down the bottom of your mouse and the sensor.
 3. If your mouse has removable feet, remove them and clean them as well.
 4. Use a damp cloth to clean your mouse pad and let it dry completely before using it again.
 5. Once everything is dry, plug your mouse back in and turn on your computer.
 6. Test your mouse to see if the jumpy behavior has been resolved.
Solution 4: Check for Interference from Other Devices
If you're using a wireless mouse, it's possible that other wireless devices in your vicinity are causing interference. To check for interference, follow these steps:
 1. Turn off all other wireless devices in the area, such as Bluetooth speakers or wireless keyboards.
 2. Test your mouse to see if the jumpy behavior has been resolved.
 3. If the issue persists, try moving your computer and mouse to a different location to see if that helps.
Solution 5: Replace Your Mouse
If none of the above solutions work, it's possible that your mouse is faulty and needs to be replaced. Before purchasing a new mouse, try using a different mouse on your computer to see if the jumpy behavior persists. If the new mouse works fine, then it's likely that your old mouse was the problem.
Conclusion
A jumpy mouse in Windows 10 can be a frustrating issue, but there are several solutions you can try to fix it. By updating your mouse drivers, adjusting your mouse settings, cleaning your mouse and mouse pad, checking for interference, or replacing your mouse, you can get your mouse back to functioning properly. If none of these solutions work, it's possible that there is a hardware issue with your computer or mouse, and you may need to seek professional help. But hopefully, one of these solutions will solve your jumpy mouse problem and allow you to use your computer with ease once again.
Gulrukh Ch
About the Author: Gulrukh Ch
Gulrukh Chaudhary, an accomplished digital marketer and technology writer with a passion for exploring the frontiers of innovation. Armed with a Master's degree in Information Technology, Gulrukh seamlessly blends her technical prowess with her creative flair, resulting in captivating insights into the world of emerging technologies. Discover more about her on her LinkedIn profile.


Small Business Owners Still Fumbling Online
According to research by SMB Digital Scape, the majority of small business owners are still fumbling when it comes to their online presence, and we're not just talking about maintaining social media accounts. Many small business websites are missing the basics. It seems that though many businesses have an online presence, they still aren't investing enough time, money, nor attention to optimizing it, and this is likely costing them a lot of business.
Here is a rundown of the most telling omissions:
 - 78% of small business websites do not provide an email address on their homepage. Even if the business technically has a contact email account, visitors to the site have to search to find it.
 - 90% do not provide either a map or directions on their homepage. Interested customers either have to search for the information elsewhere on the site, or they have to make the effort to access a third party service, such as Google Maps, where they can be exposed to local competing businesses.
 - 94.5% of websites provide no means of conducting a transaction online. There is no way to make and pay for an order. This can turn away people who would otherwise do business online.
 - 76% of websites do not have a privacy policy. Visitors to these sites have no way of knowing what data is being collected from them and how that data is being used.
 - 98% of small commercial websites have no spam protection. There are no captcha fields included in the site's web forms.
 - 92% of websites do not have a blog. This means there is very little new content being uploaded on to the site. This can affect how the site gets ranked in the search engines.
 - 98% of websites are not optimized for the mobile web. This fact alone can be cutting off many potential customers. According to a recent study by the Pew Research Center, 35% of American adults own a smartphone and 44% of them use their phones to serf the web.
 - 74% have no location in their meta-title. Putting location data into a website's meta-title improves website visibility among potential customers looking for locally based businesses.


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It is common to measure a farm's success by way of numbers. One speaks to the pounds of collards and sun-ripened tomatoes that rise from the soil. One calculates how many people gain access to fresh, local food. Yet the truest measure of impact may be found in the vision cultivated in the next generation.
To speak to the children of farmers Micaiah and Dr. Cynthia Hall is to see this principle in action. Wise for a field crew that ranges in age from 7 to 12, they understand what it means to consume thoughtfully, food serving as fuel for a healthy life. They see the link between days spent tending their crops, the life-giving sun blazing overhead and harvests that unite people.


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Constants are quantities that do not change. They are like crotchety old curmudgeons who are stuck in their ways.
We can also use letters to represent unknown constant values.
Joey gets d dollars for each odd job he does for his Grandpa. His Grandpa literally told him he would pay him d dollars for each job, probably so that old coot could stiff his grandson when it came time to tell him how much d is. No matter what the job is, Joey is paid the same. If Joey does t odd jobs for his Grandpa in a day, how much money does Joey make that day?
We don't have any amounts, and therefore, we can only answer this question in terms of the variables we are given. Joey makes d · t dollars in a day, since this amount is how much he is paid per job times the number of jobs he does. Because Joey gets paid the same amount per job, d will never change; therefore, we call it a constant. The varying quantity in this problem is t, since the number of jobs Joey does per day will vary depending on what his Grandpa forces—pardon us—asks him to do.


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Details: The see-through design of this special training handcuff allows you to view what is really happening when a handcuff is being locked, unlocked, double-locked, etc. It is a fully functional handcuff that lets the student see and understand the inner mechanical workings of a handcuff. Both the strengths and weaknesses inherent in all handcuffs become apparent. Also a useful tool for learning unconventional handcuff opening methods, such as the shim pick. Includes standard handcuff key.
- See-through design allows understanding of how the handcuff locking mechanism works
- Fully functional handcuff with clear top
- Useful tool for learning unconventional handcuff opening methods
Publisher: Shomer Tec
Package Dimensions: 3.9 x 3.0 x 0.6 inches