text:
Have you ever wondered how museums and galleries clean the paper artworks without damaging them? In recent years, the use of hydrogels for this purpose has increased in popularity. Hydrogels are an alternative to traditional wet cleaning techniques that have much lower risk of irreversible damage to the artwork. A team from a larger project involving the Italian National Research Council - Institute for Complex Systems (CNR-ISC), Sapienza University and the University of Rome Tor Vergata visited LET to use QENS to analyse hydrogels and microgels for this purpose.
Since ~2000, hydrogels have been in use for safely cleaning paper artworks for the removal of dirt deposits and to slow down cellulose degradation. They are mostly water (~95%) but with a gel-like consistency that enables them to be applied to artwork and peeled off, taking with it, the dirt. Microgels have a similar local structure to hydrogels, but where hydrogels are an extended membrane, microgels have cross links that form a more condensed structure with smaller (micro) particles.
The project leader, Dr Emanuela Zaccarelli, had the idea to replace hydrogels with microgels as the microgel can penetrate deeper into the paperwork to provide more effective cleaning in a shorter amount of time. The team then wanted to see if the performance of the microgel can be improved further by changing the compositions of the gels. For instance, certain types of salts, such as calcium acetate, can be used to form gels with improved mechanical properties, stability, and cleaning efficiency.
At ISIS, the team were using QENS to observe the polymer dynamics of hydrogels derived from gellan gum, a high molecular weight linear extracellular polysaccharide, obtained from Pseudomonas elodea. They examined hydrogels as they are easier to analyse, because their microgel counterparts can diffuse in the solution, leading to an additional QENS signal. The changes observed in hydrogels are then expected to be present in the microgels prepared with the same composition. To observe the impact of calcium ions on the gel, the team measured hydrogels at the same polymer and water concentration in the absence and in the presence of calcium acetate. From a careful analysis of the QENS spectra measured on different timescales and through a comparison with the results of computer simulations, they expect to quantify the effect of the salt on the dynamics of water and of the gellan polymer in the gel.
The goal of experiments, such as this one, is to understand which changes in the local landscape have an impact on microscopic properties and performance of the gels and use this knowledge to optimise them.
This research was funded initially by Regione Lazio through L.R. 13/08 Progetto Gruppo di Ricerca MICROARTE n. prot. A0375-2020-36515 and currently by an ERC Proof of Concept grant (MICROTECH).


text:
English title: Welfare state regimes, unemployment and health: A comparative study of the relationship between unemployment and self-reported health in 23 European countries
Author(s): C. Bambra - T.A. Eikemo -
Type: Journal article
Background: The relationship between unemployment and increased risk of morbidity and mortality is well established. However, what is less clear is whether this relationship varies between welfare states with differing levels of social protection for the unemployed. Methods: The first (2002) and second (2004) waves of the representative cross-sectional European Social Survey (37?499 respondents, aged 25–60 years). Employment status was main activity in the last 7 days. Health variables were self-reported limiting long-standing illness (LI) and fair/poor general health (PH). Data are for 23 European countries classified into five welfare state regimes (Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Bismarckian, Southern and Eastern). Results: In all countries, unemployed people reported higher rates of poor health (LI, PH or both) than those in employment. There were also clear differences by welfare state regime: relative inequalities were largest in the Anglo-Saxon, Bismarckian and Scandinavian regimes. The negative health effect of unemployment was particularly strong for women, especially within the Anglo-Saxon (ORLI 2.73 and ORPH 2.78) and Scandinavian (ORLI 2.28 and ORPH 2.99) welfare state regimes. Discussion: The negative relationship between unemployment and health is consistent across Europe but varies by welfare state regime, suggesting that levels of social protection may indeed have a moderating influence. The especially strong negative relationship among women may well be because unemployed women are likely to receive lower than average wage replacement rates. Policy-makers' attention therefore needs to be paid to income maintenance, and especially the extent to which the welfare state is able to support the needs of an increasingly feminised European workforce.
From page no: 92
To page no: 98
Journal: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
High-resolution remote sensing satellites (HRRSS) that use time delay and integration (TDI) CCDs have the potential to introduce large amounts of image smear. Clocking and velocity mismatch smear are two of the key factors in inducing image smear. Clocking smear is caused by the discrete manner in which the charge is clocked in the TDI-CCDs. The relative motion between the HRRSS and the observed object obliges that the image motion velocity must be strictly synchronized with the velocity of the charge packet transfer (line rate) throughout the integration time. During imaging an object off-nadir, the image motion velocity changes resulting in asynchronization between the image velocity and the CCD's line rate. A Model for estimating the image motion velocity in HRRSS is derived. The influence of this velocity mismatch combined with clocking smear on the modulation transfer function (MTF) is investigated by using Matlab simulation. The analysis is performed for cross-track and along-track imaging with different satellite attitude angles and TDI steps. The results reveal that the velocity mismatch ratio and the number of TDI steps have a serious impact on the smear MTF; a velocity mismatch ratio of 2% degrades the MTFsmear by 32% at Nyquist frequency when the TDI steps change from 32 to 96. In addition, the results show that to achieve the requirement of MTFsmear ≥ 0.95, for TDI steps of 16 and 64, the allowable roll angles are 13.7° and 6.85° and the permissible pitch angles are no more than 9.6° and 4.8°, respectively.
Walid A. Wahballah, Taher M. Bazan, Fawzy El-Tohamy, and Mahmoud Fathy, "Analysis of smear in high-resolution remote sensing satellites," Proc. SPIE 10000, Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XX, 100001J (Presented at SPIE Remote Sensing: September 28, 2016; Published: 19 October 2016); _URL_
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text:
FOREST OF DEAN
A rich and fascinating history
Danby Lodge, steeped in history, was originally built around 1675 by order of Charles II at the recommendation of Samuel Pepys.
In the mid-1670s, Charles II ordered that the Forest of Dean be divided into six walks. Each of the walks was provided with a lodge and placed in charge of a keeper. Danby Lodge is one of the six original forest lodges, named after the Earl of Danby, High treasurer to Charles II. The Earl of Danby was granted hunting rights in the woods surrounding Danby Lodge by the King.
The six walks, which were then the main administrative units of the Forest, were named respectively the King's (or Charles II's) walk, York walk – after the king's brother, Danby walk – after the earl of Danby, the Lord Treasurer, Latimer walk – after another of the earl's titles, Worcester walk – after the constable, the Marquess of Worcester, and Herbert walk – after another of the marquess's titles.
The walks were created in order to keep a watch over the wood in the forest. The Forest of Dean was one of the UK's main sources of oak which was needed to build boats to fight the Spanish. The keepers were the six under-foresters traditionally appointed by the constable, and he continued to appoint them after the 1670s to hold office at his pleasure, besides directing some aspects of their work. Initially, the man who kept King's walk was styled bowbearer, continuing the old title of the constable's chief under-forester, but that usage soon lapsed. The King's lodge was on the site where the Speech House is now located.
By the later 18th century the King's walk had become known as the Speech House walk. York, Danby, Latimer, and Herbert had become known, from geographical location, as respectively Parkend, Blakeney, Littledean, and Ruardean walks. Worcester walk, which was on the west side of the demesne, adjoining Coleford, retained its old title. The new Speech House, built on the site of the old courthouse at Kensley, served as both courthouse and lodge.
The intended role of the six keepers is revealed by instructions drawn up by the Marquess of Worcester shortly after 1675. They were to make regular perambulations of their walks, checking for cattle in the enclosures and for encroachments and the building of cabins. They were to take over the regulation of commoning and impound animals found in the Forest in the prohibited seasons (the fence month and winter haining), those turned in by people without rights, and uncommonly beasts, which the instructions declared to include sheep.
A new Forest pound for the use of the keepers was built at Parkend, though by the mid 18th century there was one adjoining each keeper's lodge. A particular responsibility of the keepers was the preservation of the deer: they were to search houses for venison and for guns or nets, checking on dressers of skins and gunsmiths in the locality, and keeping records of all deer killed in their walks.
As well as the huge stone inglenook fireplace and massive hand-carved oak beams in the dining hall, other fascinating historic features abound at the house. There is the huge stone trough to the rear of the house, the old stone steps that appear to lead nowhere (they have a purpose – try and guess what it is), the flagstone paving around the house, and the dry stone walls surrounding it. The house itself reveals a great deal of its history in the types of stone used and the different materials used in different parts of the house. It has a long and interesting story to tell.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


SSRS percentage rounding problem in an expression
Abdul Khan
Abdul Khan used Ask the Experts™
on
Hello All,
I am using the following expression to calculate percentage in SSRS,
=Format(Fields!_URL_,"0%")
however, sometime the calculated values aren't equal to 100% they are 99, so the rounding is not working correctly.
Can someone please help? Thanks.
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Commented:
use =ROUND rather than format
=ROUND(Fields!_URL_,0)
Format only truncates
Using rounding is correct, as David suggested.
However, if you have several values that should add up to 100%, and each value is rounded, you may still end up with a sum that is different from 100%. That is unavoidable when you are rounding values.
Say for example that you have three values that each represent a third of the total, or 33.333333333333%. When you round them, each will be rounded down to 33%, and the total is 99%.
If you want the values to add up to 100%, you can use the largest reminder method:
1. Round all the values down (but keep the original values also, for now).
2. Calculate how much you have from the sum of the rounded values up to 100%.
3. Distribute that difference by adding one to values, in descending order of the decimal part.
Ref: Wikipedia: Largest remainder method
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Commented:
Thanks so much for your assistance!!
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Toxic Emotions E/M11
Balance Type
Emotions Spirit and Desitiny
Balance for
Toxic Emotions Fear Withdrawal Anger Frustration Lack of joy Embarrassment Hurt Sympathy (Excess sensitivity) Grief Disconnect Guilt Paranoia Disconnected Resentment Confused Bitterness Shame Defensive Disgust Disdain Worthless Immobilised Pointless Secrecy Intimidating Aloof Passive aggression Seething Always looking for a new answer Lying Sarcastic Teasing Blush and hide React and push back Prickly Ingratiation Complaining Direct people to be happy Superior Snide Push people away Lack of inspiration Futile
Toxic Emotions E/M11
Toxic emotions refer to the situation where the habitual presence of a particular emotion has prompted a person to turn that emotion back on itself.
For example, the client may have fear of fear or be angry that they are angry. Having lost joy, particularly over a broken relationship a person may feel hatred. If this hatred is turned back on itself, ie. if they hate feeling hatred, then they are likely to become bitter and not open up anymore to others. This secrecy will often make them appear aloof and intimidating.
Toxic emotions often lead to physical illness.
Toxic emotions should be checked and cleared particularly if someone has a diagnosed pathology in an organ or cancer.
The concept of toxic emotions is discussed by Lonny Jarrett in his book Nourishing Destiny.
Five Elements
ElementChart AspectCore EmotionCore emotionsToxic EmotionToxic Behaviour
Central Palace
anger, frustration, indecision
Resentment Confused
Passive aggression Seething Always looking for a new answer
grief; disconnect; guilt
Disdain Worthless Immobilised pointless
Superior SnidePush people awayLack of inspiration Futile
fear, anxiety; withdraw
Paranoia Disconnected
Secrecy intimidating Aloof
over thinking, worry, obsession, sympathy (Excess sensitivity)
Disgust (if advice not followed)
Ingratiation Complaining Direct people to be happy
joy or lack of joy, sadness, connection; embarrassment; Hurt
Bitterness ShameDefensive
Lying Sarcastic Teasing Blush and hide React and push back Prickly
 1. Use element modes or scan to find priority element H/L
 2. Challenge priority aspect/ aspects from list above H/L
 3. Discuss with client
 4. Activate Hardware associated with the element – muscles, cutaneous regions
 5. Hold the following points together with the VRP (choose the points associated with the involved element).
Toxic emotion points
ElementCore Pointssedate and tonify
Wood toxic emotion points
Lv4 (sedate) + Sp1 (tonify)
Water toxic emotion points
Ki3 (sedate) + Ht3 (tonify)
Fire toxic emotion points
Ht3 (sedate) + Lu10 (tonify)
Earth toxic emotion points
Sp1 (sedate) + Ki3 (tonify)
Metal toxic emotion points
Lu10 (sedate) + Lv4 (tonify)
The first point drains the aggressive qi energy, the second supports the first in removing stagnation associated with the first point. The third point drains the source of the aggressive qi and the fourth point moves this qi on through the control cycle.


Yancy Fry Jr.
From The Infosphere, the Futurama Wiki
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Secondary character
Deceased character
Yancy Fry Jr.
Yancy Fry, Jr.JPG
Together with his wife and son.
Date of birth4 September, 1971
Planet of originEarth
RelativesSee Family section
First appearance"The Luck of the Fryrish" (3ACV04)
Teenager, AdultTom Kenny
ChildLauren Tom
Yancy Fry Jr. (born c. 1971) is the elder son of Yancy Fry Sr. and Mrs. Fry, and brother to Philip J. Fry.
Early years
Yancy frequently belittled his three years younger brother Philip from birth, partly because of the attention their parents spent on their new baby instead of him, and partly because he wanted his brother's name instead of his own.
In their teens, Philip was talented at both basketball and break dancing, while Yancy was always mediocre. Due to jealousy, Yancy would steal Philip's original moves and claim them as his own. After his brother found a seven-leaf clover and succeeded in pulling off an impossible move, Yancy tried to steal the clover, forcing Philip to hide it in his Ronco Record Vault.
Adult life
On 1 January, 2000, Yancy's brother goes missing. Unbeknown to the family, he has accidentally been frozen. While his parents seem neutral to the disappearance, Yancy was surprisingly more concerned. After finally giving up the search, he continued his life.
Before Yancy's wedding several years later, while looking for records in Philip's old Ronco Vault, he found the seven-leaf clover, but decided not to use it, but keep it as a reminder of his brother.
When his wife gave birth to a child, they agreed to name him Philip J. Fry after his brother, and Yancy gave him Philip's old seven leaf clover, thus ensuring his future success.
Yancy's son did grow up with great luck, and, among other accomplishments, had a series of hit songs with his band Leaf Seven, and was the first man to walk on Mars.
Yancy's brother woke up from the accidental freezing a thousand years later, long after Yancy had passed on. After finding a statue in the ruins of Old New York with his (and his nephew's) name on it three years after the freezing, he believed that Yancy had stolen his clover and his life, and he planned to rob his brother's grave of the clover, which he had been buried with. Reaching the grave, however, he realized that it was of his nephew and not his brother, and he left the clover there.
Time paradox duplicate
These events were slightly altered when time paradox created a duplicate of Philip J. Fry I which lived for another twelve years in the 21st century after the original Philip was frozen before going missing again. However, despite his brother technically not being frozen, Yancy still named his son after him.
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Clinicians describe how data from a Fitbit, brought to the clinic by their patient, helped manage a difficult medical problem.
Researchers tested the heart rate accuracy of the Fibit Charge and Surge, Basis peak, and Mio Fuse on patients during treadmill tests.
Verily recently announced the launch of a new smartwatch called the Study Watch that will be focused on use in medical research studies.
Researchers develop a small, compact, flexible sweat sensor.
New studies look at the motivation to use fitness trackers and if they help you live longer.


Weekend Unplug: Take the kids to watch trains + lessons to share
Christie Dedman | By Christie Dedman |
Email the author | Follow on Twitter
on August 09, 2013 at 5:00 PM, updated August 09, 2013 at 5:02 PM
Screen Shot 2013-08-09 at 12.30.10 PM.png
 It's time for the weekend unplug. This week we took the kids over to Irondale at the Whistle Stop Cafe and let them watch trains.
While it doesn't sound that exciting it is for my kids. They love trains, even my daughter enjoys watching down the line.
1. Take some snacks and water.
2. Keep track of the trains if they are a cargo, passenger etc.
3. Don't forget to count the carts.
4. Talk about the jobs of the engineer or conductor.
5. Help your children learn the difference between train engines.
6. Notice the signals and train safety.
7. Don't forget to take photos and videos of your kids watching the action.
8. I set an alarm when we go so the kids will know when it's time to go.
9. Go at different times of the day and night for different conditions, dusk, afternoon sun, fog, night lights etc.


Single sign-on (SSO)
One login, multiple uses. See how it works
Extending the Contentful web app
One of the things that make Contentful such a powerful tool in the hands of developers is its embrace of structured content: you are free to decide not only what fields should make up an entry, but also in what format these fields should be stored - be it text, number, boolean, JSON object, etc. And since different kinds of content call for different input methods, we provide a number of editing extensions for each field type - enabling editors to enter geo-coordinates of UFO sightings just as easily as ingredients for the Chèvre salad recipe.
editor extension
Here is an example from the Contentful demo space, illustrating how editor extensions work in practice. In the attached illustration, the Product name field is assigned a single line input field, the Slug comes with an automatic slug generator, and the Description field is configured to work with a Markdown text editor. You can also choose to swap these extensions for the alternative ones, say, add a multi-line text editor or only allow users select values from a dropdown list. Assigning new extensions would change the look of the entry in the web app, but the underlying data structure and API responses are not affected by them.
With the launch of the UI Extensions SDK, you are no longer confined to a set of default extensions but instead can opt for creating your custom extension. From adding new interface elements, to pulling in external data, to building micro-applications capable of complex data transformations - the possibilities are endless. We documented some interesting examples in the blog post announcing the official launch of the SDK.
This guide will provide you with step-by-step instructions to building your first editor extension. Some of the editors using Contentful have admitted that nothing would make them happier than introducing a WYSYWIG text editor into the web app, so we will use an example of integrating AlloyEditor for this guide. The usual disclaimers apply, mixing up your content with the presentation code is a big no-no for cross-platform projects!
Getting started
The most convenient way to upload and manage editor extensions is via the contentful-extension command line tool. You can install it with the following commands:
Then, it's time to authenticate yourself. You will need an ID of the space where you will use editor extensions and a valid CMA token (obtaining a token). If you plan to deploy the extension to multiple spaces, repeat the process with each space. Save these credentials in the environment variable (or add them directly to the Makefile):
Building an editor extension
At the very least, an extension requires two files:
 - extension.json describing the properties of an extension
 - index.html containing markup code and logic
To enable the extension to communicate with the web app, you need to include the contentful-extension-api library in your app. You also want to include default Contentful styles and any other dependencies in your app file. A barebones index.html file structure might look like this:
The extension-api library exposes the contentfulExtension.init() method. This is the main entry point for all extension-related code. If you require the script from the web without any module system, your method will look like this:
For more complex applications, it makes sense to use module loaders like CommonJS / RequireJS. In this case, our code will look as follows:
Going back to the example of the AlloyEditor extension, we begin by initializing the extension:
Then add boilerplate code to handle DOM-resizing and initialize an instance of an editor:
Next, add a callback for detecting changes made by collaborators and a method for writing a field value:
Your index.html file is now ready for use. Take a moment to check out the AlloyEditor example and learn about how the rest of the code is organized or go straight to the next step.
Uploading an extension to Contentful
You can host editor extensions on the Contentful platform as long as your index.html file is smaller than 200 KB. Since more complex widgets almost often are bigger than that, you will have to host them outside of Contentful. Any platform - S3, Heroku or your own corporate server - will do, as long as it supports CORS policy and is available through HTTPS.
Before uploading the extension, you need to prepare a descriptor file. In your extension.json file, define key attributes used to create the extension:
 - name - extension name
 - fieldTypes- list of compatible field types (e.g. symbol, text, number, boolean, object, etc.)
 - src or srcdoc - includes the URL for the extension bundle or a path to the serialized extension bundle
 - sidebar- determines the location of the extension in the web app, if set to true will be rendered in the sidebar
 - id- id property used in the development process
The descriptor file for the Alloy editor will look like this:
Now navigate to the folder with the extension code and register the extension with the Contentful API to make the web app aware of its existence:
If you modify the extension, use the update sub-command to push your changes to the Contentful web app. For that, use:
Testing from your local development environment
It is a common practice to develop and test extensions from your local environment to avoid redeploying it each time you need to preview your changes. To do that, first run your extension on a local server as follows:
This will allow your extension to be available at http://localhost:3000/. Then, you may update your extension again by overriding its src via the following command:
Note: since Contentful runs in an HTTPS environment, running this requires to disable temporarily the security checks from your web browser ("Load unsafe scripts" in Chrome for example).
Important: once finished with debugging, you should redeploy your extension without the src argument override to let it run from Contentful's servers or any other external hosting solution you chose.
Configuring a field to use an extension
The final step is to assign your extension to the particular field where you want to use it. Navigate to the Content Model section, select the appropriate content type and open field appearance settings - your extension should now be available there.
installed-extension
And just like that, your editors can go back to creating texts the old fashioned way - with familiar-looking tables, inlined images, and aligned paragraphs:
alloy-editor
If you plan to use the extension across several fields or content types, then you have to repeat these steps for each field. We also included an FAQ section in the Github repo, so if you stumble along the way, make sure to consult it.
Getting more out of the SDK
The AlloyEditor is just one of the several examples we have included in the newly released UI Extensions SDK. Other examples illustrate how to visualize a chessboard game, work with videos hosted on Youtube, or tap into Yandex translation services to automate your content localization. We are curious to see what kind of new things you will build and encourage you to make pull requests to the UI Extensions SDK repo showcasing your editor extensions. Have fun!
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properties and uncertainties make the conventional feedback proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control not yield to high performance requirements. Furthermore, the hydraulic system may be subjected to non-smooth and discontinuous nonlinearities due to the directional change of valve opening. In this paper, based on a nonlinear system model of hydraulic load simulator, a discontinuous projection-based nonlinear adaptive robust back stepping controller is developed with servo valve dynamics. The proposed controller constructs a novel stable adaptive controller and adaptation laws with additional pressure dynamic related unknown parameters, which can compensate for the system nonlinearities and uncertain parameters, meanwhile a well-designed robust controller is also synthesized to dominate the model uncertainties coming from both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities including unmodeled and ignored system dynamics. The controller theoretically guarantee a prescribed transient performance and final tracking accuracy in presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities; while achieving asymptotic output tracking in the absence of unstructured uncertainties. The implementation issues are also discussed for controller simplification. Some comparative results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed controller.
 3. Nonlinear adaptive robust back stepping force control of hydraulic load simulator: Theory and experiments
 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
 Yao, Jianyong [Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing (China); Jiao, Zongxia [Beihang University, Beijing (China); Yao, Bin [Purdue University, West Lafayette (United States)
 2014-04-15
 High performance robust force control of hydraulic load simulator with constant but unknown hydraulic parameters is considered. In contrast to the linear control based on hydraulic linearization equations, hydraulic inherent nonlinear properties and uncertainties make the conventional feedback proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control not yield to high performance requirements. Furthermore, the hydraulic system may be subjected to non-smooth and discontinuous nonlinearities due to the directional change of valve opening. In this paper, based on a nonlinear system model of hydraulic load simulator, a discontinuous projection-based nonlinear adaptive robust back stepping controller is developed with servo valve dynamics. The proposed controller constructs a novel stable adaptive controller and adaptation laws with additional pressure dynamic related unknown parameters, which can compensate for the system nonlinearities and uncertain parameters, meanwhile a well-designed robust controller is also synthesized to dominate the model uncertainties coming from both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities including unmodeled and ignored system dynamics. The controller theoretically guarantee a prescribed transient performance and final tracking accuracy in presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities; while achieving asymptotic output tracking in the absence of unstructured uncertainties. The implementation issues are also discussed for controller simplification. Some comparative results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed controller.
 4. Enhanced aeroelastic energy harvesting by exploiting combined nonlinearities: theory and experiment
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Sousa, V C; De M Anicézio, M; De Marqui Jr, C; Erturk, A
 2011-01-01
 Converting aeroelastic vibrations into electricity for low power generation has received growing attention over the past few years. In addition to potential applications for aerospace structures, the goal is to develop alternative and scalable configurations for wind energy harvesting to use in wireless electronic systems. This paper presents modeling and experiments of aeroelastic energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction with a focus on exploiting combined nonlinearities. An airfoil with plunge and pitch degrees of freedom (DOF) is investigated. Piezoelectric coupling is introduced to the plunge DOF while nonlinearities are introduced through the pitch DOF. A state-space model is presented and employed for the simulations of the piezoaeroelastic generator. A two-state approximation to Theodorsen aerodynamics is used in order to determine the unsteady aerodynamic loads. Three case studies are presented. First the interaction between piezoelectric power generation and linear aeroelastic behavior of a typical section is investigated for a set of resistive loads. Model predictions are compared to experimental data obtained from the wind tunnel tests at the flutter boundary. In the second case study, free play nonlinearity is added to the pitch DOF and it is shown that nonlinear limit-cycle oscillations can be obtained not only above but also below the linear flutter speed. The experimental results are successfully predicted by the model simulations. Finally, the combination of cubic hardening stiffness and free play nonlinearities is considered in the pitch DOF. The nonlinear piezoaeroelastic response is investigated for different values of the nonlinear-to-linear stiffness ratio. The free play nonlinearity reduces the cut-in speed while the hardening stiffness helps in obtaining persistent oscillations of acceptable amplitude over a wider range of airflow speeds. Such nonlinearities can be introduced to aeroelastic energy harvesters (exploiting
 5. A Stream Function Theory Based Calculation of Wave Kinematics for Very Steep Waves Using a Novel Non-linear Stretching Technique
 DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
 Stroescu, Ionut Emanuel; Sørensen, Lasse; Frigaard, Peter Bak
 2016-01-01
 A non-linear stretching method was implemented for stream function theory to solve wave kinematics for physical conditions close to breaking waves in shallow waters, with wave heights limited by the water depth. The non-linear stretching method proves itself robust, efficient and fast, showing good...
 6. Theory of nonlinear interaction of particles and waves in an inverse plasma maser. Part 1
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Krivitsky, V.S.; Vladimirov, S.V.
 1991-01-01
 An expression is obtained for the collision integral describing the simultaneous interaction of plasma particles with resonant and non-resonant waves. It is shown that this collision integral is determined by two processes: a 'direct' nonlinear interaction of particles and waves, and the influence of the non-stationary of the system. The expression for the nonlinear collision integral is found to be quite different from the expression for a quasi-linear collision integral; in particular, the nonlinear integral contains higher-order derivatives of the distribution function with respect to momentum than the quasi-linear one. (author)
 7. Gravity currents in rotating channels. Part 1. Steady-state theory
 Science.gov (United States)
 Hacker, J. N.; Linden, P. F.
 2002-04-01
 A theory is developed for the speed and structure of steady-state non-dissipative gravity currents in rotating channels. The theory is an extension of that of Benjamin (1968) for non-rotating gravity currents, and in a similar way makes use of the steady-state and perfect-fluid (incompressible, inviscid and immiscible) approximations, and supposes the existence of a hydrostatic 'control point' in the current some distance away from the nose. The model allows for fully non-hydrostatic and ageostrophic motion in a control volume V ahead of the control point, with the solution being determined by the requirements, consistent with the perfect-fluid approximation, of energy and momentum conservation in V, as expressed by Bernoulli's theorem and a generalized flow-force balance. The governing parameter in the problem, which expresses the strength of the background rotation, is the ratio W = B/R, where B is the channel width and R = (g[prime prime or minute]H)1/2/f is the internal Rossby radius of deformation based on the total depth of the ambient fluid H. Analytic solutions are determined for the particular case of zero front-relative flow within the gravity current. For each value of W there is a unique non-dissipative two-layer solution, and a non-dissipative one-layer solution which is specified by the value of the wall-depth h0. In the two-layer case, the non-dimensional propagation speed c = cf(g[prime prime or minute]H)[minus sign]1/2 increases smoothly from the non-rotating value of 0.5 as W increases, asymptoting to unity for W [rightward arrow] [infty infinity]. The gravity current separates from the left-hand wall of the channel at W = 0.67 and thereafter has decreasing width. The depth of the current at the right-hand wall, h0, increases, reaching the full depth at W = 1.90, after which point the interface outcrops on both the upper and lower boundaries, with the distance over which the interface slopes being 0.881R. In the one-layer case, the wall
 8. Theory and analysis of nonlinear dynamics and stability in storage rings: A working group summary
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Chattopadhyay, S.; Audy, P.; Courant, E.D.
 1988-07-01
 A summary and commentary of the available theoretical and analytical tools and recent advances in the nonlinear dynamics, stability and aperture issues in storage rings are presented. 11 refs., 4 figs
 9. Stability of the static solitons in a pure spinor theory with fractional power nonlinearities
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Akdeniz, K.G.; Tezgor, G.; Barut, A.O.; Kalayci, J.; Okan, S.E.
 1988-08-01
 Soliton solutions are obtained in a pure fermionic model with fractional power nonlinear self-interactions. The stability properties of the minimum solutions have also been investigated within the framework of the Shatah-Strauss formal


The importance of feedback in the recruitment process
Written by
Changeboard Team
16 Aug 2010
16 Aug 2010 • by Changeboard Team
Not the right 'cultural fit'?
Imagine being a candidate who has just been through two interview processes and just missed out on both jobs. So thats two sets of research; two briefing calls with recruitment agents; six interviews; maybe two lots of preparation time if the client wants a PowerPoint presentation (very often these days) so about 15 hours of time invested.
Imagine being told at the end of all this by one firm that you werent quite the right 'cultural fit', and by the other firm that you 'were just edged out by another candidate'. Most people would find that rather infuriating.
The importance of honest feedback
Over the last couple of years, market conditions and employer and jobseeker behaviour has changed in a number of ways, as our previous Changeboard article outlined. There has always been an imbalance between the amount of effort and commitment a candidate puts into a process and the feedback (or lack of it) they often get at the end, but this imbalance seems to have magnified in recent times.
As organisations have become more rigorous in their selection processes, the candidates applying for available positions are often expected to do more research; meet more people; do presentations; jump through more hoops. If they're ultimately successful and get the job, then great and good on them. If they are not successful, they will be keen to get something out of the process, apart from the feelings of disappointment and frustration. As one candidate said to us recently: what I really want is honesty, how else can you learn from your experiences if feedback (however harsh) is not honest?
What does useful feedback look like?
The dictionary definition of the word feedback is: knowledge of the Results of any behaviour considered as influencing or modifying further performance.
Being told you are not the right cultural fit is therefore not feedback, it's a cop out (the definition of cop out by the way is 'evasion'). Being told, as one of our candidates was told last week, that: you were great and strong but we don't wish to take things forward is not feedback either.
In fact, this same candidate had three interviews for one firm, was told he was down to the final two and was then told they went with the other candidate and never heard another thing. He is assuming he was the wrong cultural fit.
Reasons for evasive feedback
So why do firms not give better feedback on so many occasions? Here are some possible theories:
 1. The employer switches off when they find the correct employee and deem that mission accomplished? So, they forget.
 2. They dont think it's important and certainly not a priority?
 3. It's too difficult to either get the feedback from the hiring manager, or too difficult to articulate it?
 4. They dont want to give negative feedback in case the candidate gets the hump with their firm?
It is a bit of all of the above. The reality is that a candidate will think more highly of a firm if they give feedback, even negative, than if they dont get any at all. The candidate mentioned above was left with a sour taste in his mouth about a firm he was hoping to join and has really liked until that point.
Good feedback really counts
Another interesting aspect is that when some HR/recruitment managers do give good feedback - and some are very good at it - it really does stand out and makes a huge difference to how the candidate, and the recruitment consultancy involved, views that person and firm.
You really do see which HR/recruitment professionals have been involved in the process and decision making and those that havent; which HR people have a personal view and input and those that havent; which people care about the person and those that dont.
It really is very interesting what you learn about a senior HR person from how they manage a recruitment process and subsequently deal with the fall out from of the process - good and bad.
What does good feedback look like?
Constructive and useful feedback can come in many shapes and sizes, but could include:
 - How the candidate came across and any concerns that this raised with the interviewers.
 - Gaps in experience that the interviewers spotted and have deemed important.
 - Questions they didn't answer well; gaps the interviewers spotted in the candidate's knowledge or research.
 - Skills that other candidates had that put other people ahead of them.
 - Advice as to how they could approach things differently in future interviews.
A candidate will perceive they come across in a certain way and have a view as to how an interview went - sometimes they read it right and sometimes they don't. Knowing what others think of how you came across and performed is invaluable, and any of the above information can help mould future behaviour and really help, as well as leaving the candidate with the feeling that they got something out of the process, even if it wasnt a job.
Feedback please!
At First Counsel, two of us have worked as in-house recruitment managers so we know how difficult it can be to find the time to drag feedback out of line managers and pass it down the line.
However, it's also not easy for candidates to find time to get out of work to attend interviews, do research and write presentations at weekends etc. So when they do find such time they deserve good, constructive feedback.
If you dont like this article, please do tell us, and tell us why. Please dont just say it was the wrong cultural fit, or that you have read better.


text:
Supplier: Gilchesters Organics
by James Fryer
As a staple, we take bread pretty seriously. It is a welcoming and vital touch that begins a meal – it says to the guest in a restaurant 'you are hungry. Let us deal with that and look after you'. In fact, if the bread is good it can be the best way to make a good impression.
Flour, being one of just four ingredients, is obviously a crucial element for bread, indeed, our bread begins with a leaven made from just water and flour. We use flour from Gilchesters Organics, a quietly revolutionary Northumbrian organic stone mill and farm, run by husband and wife Andrew and Billie Wilkinson.
In pretty much every way, their approach to cereal cultivation and flour production rails against all commercial agricultural convention. They are at the forefront of a growing UK grain movement seeking to improve the flavour of our flour and the health of our environment by working with, not against, the natural constraints of the land.
In practice, this means they have clocked up years of research into organic crop husbandry in order to develop a set of practices that now sees them cultivate a combination of traditional, tall straw, heritage grains (including Emmer and Einkorn) alongside herds of rare-breed cattle. Rotating the use of each field in the farm between varying crops and animals across each field in the farm not only fosters biodiversity, but also ensures the soils are never depleted of naturally occurring minerals and nutrients.
These carefully nurtured grains are then milled using a small stone mill, installed on the grounds of the farm. The resulting flours are absolutely bursting with flavour, making for a delicious texture and far better crumb structure and crust than any bread made with a refined, bleached flour. More than flavour though, it is the careful consideration of every element of the process from soil to grain to flour that makes Andrew and Billie such wonderful partners for us as we look to provide a truly warm, nourishing welcome, in bread form.
We proudly stock a selection of Billie and Andrew's flours in-store and online.
With thanks to Zoe Ward Aldam Photography for the stunning photos.


What is the contextual significance of tenure in the field of education?
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Tenure is significant in the field of education because it allows teachers to have their jobs guaranteed. This practice, its critics say, allows teachers to keep their jobs even if they stop improving their performance and even if their performance actually declines.
Once a teacher has worked a given amount of time in a job, they receive tenure and can no longer (typically) be terminated unless they demonstrate gross incompetence or engage in some kind of misconduct. What this means is that teachers who have tenure do not really need to try to improve if they do not want to. All they need to do is to keep from showing gross incompetence and they can keep their jobs indefinitely.
Critics of tenure see this as one of the major problems with the public education system. They feel that teachers get complacent and no longer try hard. This, they argue, harms students. If teachers did not have tenure they would constantly be at risk of losing their jobs and would therefore work harder.
So, the significance of tenure is that it is a major source of controversy that, to critics of the public educational system, reduces teacher quality and harms students.
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text:
noun: no-claims bonus; plural noun: no-claims bonuses; noun: no-claims discount; plural noun: no-claims discounts
- a reduction in the premium charged for insurance when no claim has been made during an agreed preceding period.
What is a no claims bonus?
A no-claims bonus (NCB), or no claims discount, is a count of the number of years in which you haven't made a claim on your car insurance policy.
Its worth varies from insurer to insurer, but an NCB of five years or more, for example, could give you a 60-75% discount on your premium.
How do I build my NCB?
For every year you're insured without making a claim, you'll earn another year's NCB. Some companies offer accelerated policies where you can earn a bonus in 10 months rather than 12.
You can build up an unlimited number of NCB, but most insurers will only use a maximum of five years when working out a discount.
If I make a claim, how is my NCB affected?
If you make a claim on your policy where your insurer pays out, you'll generally lose some, or all, of your no-claims bonus.
But if you're hit by another car and it's agreed that you weren't at fault, your insurer may be able to reclaim the payout from the other car's insurer and your NCB may not be affected.
In cases where fault can't be agreed on, insurers may split the cost of the claims and both drivers' NCB could be affected. This includes if your car is stolen or damaged by bad weather.
If you pay for a new policy with a reduced NCB and are later found not at fault, you can usually get your NCB reinstated and a refund on the extra premium you paid.
Should I protect my NCB?
Protecting your NCB allows you to have a certain amount of "at fault" accidents without affecting the bonus. So if you have an accident, the NCB remains intact even if your insurer can't claim their costs back. Each insurance company have different rules regarding how many claims are allowed.
This won't necessarily stop your premiums going up after a claim, as insurers use your claims history to calculate premiums, with your NCB discount calculated at the end.
Any remaining NCB you have after the claim may lower your new premium, but there's no guarantee that it'll be lower than the previous year.
What happens when I change my car or policy?
No claims bonuses can usually be transferred to another car, but if you switch insurers before the year is up, you won't get the NCB for that year.
Insurers should provide proof of your bonus at the end of your policy term. You can pass this on to your next provider when you switch.
Some insurers may provide your proof of no claims in the car insurance renewal letter they send you. If it's not there, you can call your insurer and ask them to send it.
If you cancel your policy, you have two years to reuse your NCB, otherwise, it expires and you start from scratch.
Can named drivers build up NCB?
Named drivers aren't usually allowed to build up their own NCB, as it's the main driver's good driving record that the claim-free history will be supporting.
Letting named drivers earn their own NCB could leave the system open to abuse, as you could build up a no-claims discount without ever getting behind the wheel.
There are some insurers that offer NCB for named drivers, but they can't guarantee this will be recognised by other insurers. This is, however, becoming more common.
Does NCB apply to work vehicles?
Commercial policies and fleet vehicles don't typically let you build up NCB, but some insurers will take your experience driving a company car into account when calculating your premium.
If your car is insured for you to use for "social, domestic and pleasure" purposes, as well as with work, then it's likely you can build NCB. Always check though, as each insurer is different.
How to transfer your company car NCB
If you've recently given up your company vehicle, you should be able to use any NCB built up on that car.
But the NCB is only likely to be transferable if you were named on your company's insurance policy for a particular car and for your use only.
Usually, when changing insurers, you need proof of any NCB you've built up from your last provider, but with company policies, many insurers will settle for confirmation from your employer.
Can I transfer NCB from overseas?
It's worth asking, but most UK insurers don't allow NCB built overseas to be transferred to a UK car insurance policy due to different driving laws and the administration involved.
Compare quotes from some of the industry's most trusted insurers. Get a quote today!


Physically-Based Rendering (Maya) for Experimental Modeling of Medieval Objects
1. Abstract
This presentation demonstrates the value of the 3d graphics program Maya for modeling medieval manuscripts and other historic objects. Maya's physically-based rendering allows the creation of models that take into account the materials and finishes of objects. Objects can be animated or placed into environments that include varied lighting sources and other objects, allowing experimentation with different historical conditions of viewing.
The presentation includes a specific case study of this approach for a gilded early medieval gospel book, and also addresses the early stages of using Maya for modeling medieval textiles and liturgical objects.
Finally, I address the potential to share artifact models among different audiences and researchers, allowing users to combine and compare models within larger environments.
Beth Fischer (, Williams College, United States of America
Theme: Lux by Bootswatch.


text:
Yungaburra, a rural town of over 900 people on the Atherton Tableland is 45 km south-west of Cairns.
Originally named Allumbah Pocket, Yungaburra was on a track formed by John Atherton and John Robson in 1878. Robson's track proved to be a good means of access to Cairns, and was joined to others when mining discoveries were made at Herberton in 1880.
Allumbah was chosen as a village settlement site in 1886, but settlement of any consequence did not occur until the 1890s. The district was under dense tree cover, much of it rainforest cedar, silver ash and giant fig. So prolific was the timber, an early pit-sawn home was mostly silky oak, including the roof shingles. Dairying and mixed farming was taken up, particularly as families left towns such as Charters Towers and Herberton when mining prospects faltered. A school was opened in 1909.
When the Cairns railway was extended to Yungaburra in 1910 it enabled dairy produce to be transported to the Golden Grove factory at Atherton (1913) and timber to be marketed in large volumes. The Lake Eacham Hotel was also opened, to grasp the possibilities brought by rail tourists. In 1911 the inhabitants of Tolga, Millaa Millaa and Yungaburra, dissatisfied with the distant Shire Councils, successfully petitioned for the creation of Eacham Shire, headquartered at Yungaburra and, soon afterwards, Malanda.
When the railway reached Allumbah is was realised that it sounded like Alloomba, and the change of name was made. It is thought the name was derived from an Aboriginal expression describing the silver ash (Flindersia schottiana), a good furniture timber.
Anglican and Catholic churches were opened in 1911 and 1913, and a Methodist church in 1925. Pugh's Queensland directory (1925) revealed something of a timber town - two sawmills, a timber merchant and a cabinet maker - as well as the hotel. A change came in 1926 when the Gillies Highway from Gordonvale was opened. Lakes Barrine and Eacham were serviced by tourist boats, the hotel installed tennis courts and a golf course, and visitors could marvel at the giant fig trees with an arch and a curtain wall formed from their aerial roots.
Yungaburra became the tourist centre of Eacham Shire (Malanda became the administrative centre), and the creation of Lake Tinaroo for irrigation and hydro-electricity (1958) provided a recreational destination about a kilometre from the town centre. The heritage-listed Lake Eacham Hotel has retained a strong profile, complemented by three motels, restaurants and art and craft galleries. There is also a heritage walk.
Cedar Street has nine of Yungaburra's sites listed on the Queensland heritage register. They include the court house and police station (1921) and the post office (1926). A plywood and timber mill complex in Eacham Road (1910-86) is heritage-listed, as are the Anglican and Catholic churches (1912, 1914).
Yungaburra has local shops, three churches, a community hall, a primary school and a bowling club. Its median weekly income per person in 2001 was $332, higher than that in Malanda and Millaa Millaa. Yungaburra's census populations have been:
Yungaburra: place of haunted spirits, Eacham, Eacham Historical Society, 1983

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Power Query
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Search…
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Duration.ToText
Duration.ToText
Returns the text of the form "d.h:m:s".
function (optional duration as nullable any, optional format as nullable any) as nullable any
Description
Returns a textual representation in the form "day.hour:mins:sec" of the given duration value, duration. A text value that specifies the format can be provided as an optional second parameter, format.
Category
Duration
Examples
Convert #duration(2, 5, 55, 20) into a text value.
Duration.ToText(#duration(2, 5, 55, 20))
"2.05:55:20"


Global Challenges: What challenges would you face if your company were a global conglomerate?
Request is for a 500 word min article review, see details.
Locate and review a recent (no more than 5 years old) scholarly article found in a peer-reviewed journal related to HR selection methods, analyzing work, designing jobs, or HR planning.
Use the following two headers for the body of your paper.
 - Recruiting Program: this is where you take into consideration how you would approach a recruiting program for your company based on the author's ideas on the subject matter.
 - Global Challenges: What challenges would you face if your company were a global conglomerate?
Select article and follow the below criteria:
 - There is a minimum requirement of 500 words for the article critique.
 - Write a summary of the article. This should be one to three paragraphs in length, depending on the length of the article. The paper has to follow the standard style of scholarly college writing with an "introduction", "body" and "conclusion". Include the purpose for the article, how research was conducted, the results, and other pertinent information from the article.
Any sources used, including the textbook and the article, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations in APA format.
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text:
Rates of antipsychotic drug prescribing among people with dementia increased substantially in six high-income countries during the initial months of the pandemic and remained elevated through 2021, researchers reported yesterday in JAMA Psychiatry.
To examine trends in antipsychotic drug prescribing among people with dementia before and during the pandemic, a team led by researchers from the University of Hong Kong analyzed electronic health record and claims data from eight databases in Germany, France, Italy, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States from 2016 through November 2021. The study included all patients aged 65 years and older who had a diagnosis of dementia, and 365 days of observation, within the study period.
The study identified a total of 857,238 people (58% female) with a diagnosis of dementia. Although reductions were observed in the incidence of dementia and the total number of people with dementia prescribed antipsychotic drugs in the early phase of the pandemic in all countries except Germany, rates of antipsychotic drug prescribing for people with dementia increased markedly in six databases representing all countries.
Notably, the antipsychotic drug prescribing rates at the latest available months in 2021 were still among the highest compared with previous years.
Compared with the corresponding month in 2019, the most pronounced increase was observed in May 2020 in South Korea (rate ratio [RR], 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47 to 3.02) and June 2020 in the United Kingdom (RR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.09).
The rates of antipsychotic drug prescribing in these six databases remained high in 2021. Interrupted time series analyses revealed immediate increases in the prescribing rate in Italy (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.58) and in the US Medicare database (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.71) after the introduction of COVID-19 restrictions.
"Notably, the antipsychotic drug prescribing rates at the latest available months in 2021 were still among the highest compared with previous years," the study authors wrote. "This suggests that the burden of unmet needs in people living with dementia was substantial and that this population faced continued challenges in care even after the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic."


text:
mgr/dashboard: Replace OSD histogram graphs with something more insightful
Currently, the OSD details contain a tab "Histogram" that shows a feature that was ported from the initial dashboard without any modification.
It displays two big red blocks labeled "Writes" and "Reads" as follows:
It's not entirely clear what kind of information these blocks are supposed to visualize and if they are actual "Histograms".
It may make sense to reconsider the design of these widgets with something more useful. Maybe a heat map, combining reads and writes into once graph?


text:
Met Éireann have said that there is 'growing uncertainty' surrounding the weather on Christmas Day, but have forecast a downturn in temperatures throughout December.
Looking to their long-term forecast -- which gives an estimation for weather at the month ahead -- Met Éireann have said that November will end on a much drier note with above average temperatures and below average rainfall.
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STORY CONTINUES BELOW
Week ending December 11 will be a 'similar story with high pressure being the dominant influence over our weather,' according to the national forecaster. 'Rainfall will likely by much lower than normal for the time of year, though temperatures will possibly dip lower than the average.'
The week before Christmas (December 12-18) is where there is uncertainty -- with Met Éireann saying 'uncertainty grows in the forecast, and there is little signal in the way of high or low pressure dominating our weather. However, temperatures will likely be average for the time of year. Rainfall amounts in the south and southeast will likely be higher than normal, with below average amounts expected elsewhere.'
It's more of the same this festive week (ending December 25, Christmas Day), with Met Éireann saying 'more uncertainty grows.
'Again, there is little signal in the way of dominant pressure patterns establishing, though rainfall amounts are expected to be lower than normal for the time of year.'
Looking to the weekend, Met Éireann say that the wind will remain blustery, but rain in the south and east will become patchier as the day progresses. It will also be dry in most places by evening, but a band of showers is forecast move into the west. Mild for this time of year, highest temperatures of 11C to 14C.
Saturday night will bring a band of showery rain that will move east across the country, and will be blustery with fresh to strong southwest winds, increasing to gale force for a time along west and northwest coasts. Clear spells and scattered showers will follow overnight, most frequent over the western half of the country, and winds will decrease moderate to fresh with lows of 5C to 10C.
As for Sunday, Met Éireann have forecast that it will be bright and breezy with sunshine and showers, heaviest in the west. Highest temperatures of 9C to 11C, with fresh and gusty southerly winds that will ease to light and moderate during the evening.
Scattered showers are expected to continue on Sunday night, mainly near the coast. It will also be colder than recent nights, with frost possible as air temperatures drop to between 1C and 5C. Patches of mist and fog are also possible in light to moderate, variable winds.


I'm reading a book called Beginning Algorithms by Harris and Ross, which gives code examples in Java. As an academic exercise I am trying to convert the code examples to C++. In the interface below the part that throws me is the return of the 'Object' by the 'current' method.
Java
public interface Iterator {
 public void first();
 public void last();
 public boolean isDone();
 public void next();
 public void previous();
 public Object current() throws IteratorOutOfBoundsException;
}
I have turned this into the following abstract class. In particular I would like to know if my use of the template function is the best way of solving the return of the the unknown object.
C++
class Iterator
{

 public:
 virtual void first()=0;
 virtual void last()=0;
 virtual bool isDone()=0;
 virtual void next()=0;
 virtual void previous()=0;
 template <typename V>
 V current();
};
Thanks for the reply. I realize there are other possible designs for iterators but in this case, is what I have done the closest translation of the Java interface? In this design model the iterator creates the container. The problem as I saw it was how to return the unknown 'Object'.
The problem as I saw it was how to return the unknown 'Object'
The Java programmer's Object is the C or C++ programmers void*.
If a Java method returns an Object, you need to cast it to the correct type before you can do something useful with it.
The closest C++ equivalent would be:
#include <stdexcept>
struct Iterator
{
 virtual ~Iterator() throw() {} // required in C++ (for well-defined behaviour)
 virtual void first() throw() = 0 ;
 virtual void last() throw() = 0 ;
 virtual void next() throw() = 0 ;
 virtual void previous() throw() = 0 ;
 virtual bool isDone() const throw() = 0 ;
 virtual void* current() const throw(std::out_of_range) = 0 ;
};
Edited 5 Years Ago by vijayan121: n/a
Thanks for that reply. I did some research on void* etc and the derived class would then be using templates to cast the pointer. I also note that in 'The C++ Programming Language' Stroustrup describes the use of void* in templates. Would you agree that although the void* mimics the Java interface most closely, the best C++ base would use templates?
Would you agree that although the void* mimics the Java interface most closely, the best C++ base would use templates?
Yes.
Also, you may want to keep this in mind. The way iterators are thought about in Java is fundamentally different from the way we use iterators in C++. Both privide an abstract mechanism to access the elements of a sequence one by one, but they use different concepts. A Java Iterator is an interface to a container; a single Java iterator knows about the entire range it traverses. A C++ iterator is an abstraction to identify one element of a sequence; it can move forward in the sequence, but has no idea about the range. In C++, we use a pair of iterators to denote a range.
Another (conceptually less important) difference is that a Java Iterator 'points' to the 'empty space' between elements of a sequence, while a C++ iterator directly 'points' to an element. The C++ iterator can be used like a pointer to an object.
A second area where the differences between the two languages is large is in resource management and error handling. Java uses the try-finally construct whereas C++ uses RAII proper.
I did some research on void* etc and the derived class would then be using templates to cast the pointer. I also note that in 'The C++ Programming Language' Stroustrup describes the use of void* in templates.
AFAIK, the use of a template specialization for void* as a base class is used to prevent code bloat when
a. A program uses instantiations of a template class for many different pointer types.
and b. The implementation of the template class is identical (except for the type) for all these pointer types.
See: _URL_
In C++ generic programming, 'type erasure' ("the process of turning a wide variety of types with a common interface into one type with that same interface") is typically used to provide commonality across different types which can all be used in a similar fashion.
See: _URL_
Thanks very much for the reply and the links. That's given me a few things to study.
AFAIK, the use of a template specialization for void* as a base class is used to prevent code bloat
Yes, Stroustrup's example that I read was for a base class Vector<void*> and he brings in the idea of a partial specialization at that point.
As far as the book 'Beginning Algorithms' is concerned I've managed to create a derived ArrayIterator and ReverseIterator class and have built tests for them using cppunit in a similar style to the junit tests shown in the book.
This question has already been answered. Start a new discussion instead.


Walk Two Moons Summary
Extended Summary
Walk Two Moons has received five prestigious awards, including the Newbery Medal in 1995. The Ohio-born author, Sharon Creech, attributes the title of the book to a message she discovered inside a fortune cookie while she was finishing her manuscript: "Don't judge a man until you've walked two moons in his moccasins." The plot is separated into three separate settings that intermingle throughout the story to illustrate the personal transformation of the lead character, Salamanca Tree Hiddle, known as Sal. She is a thirteen-year-old girl who is homesick for her farm in the fictional town of Bybanks, Kentucky, and who misses her mother with a desperate intensity that dominates the story. The book is framed around a road trip Sal takes with her grandparents from Euclid, Ohio, to Lewiston, Idaho, where her mother fled after a tragic miscarriage and a bout with depression. Sal and her grandparents trace the route her mother took west, visiting the places she described in postcards she sent them.
Throughout the road trip, Sal recalls memories of her mother before she left their home in Bybanks. She also tells stories to her grandparents about the recent disappearance of Phoebe Winterbottom's mother, the appearance of the Lunatic, and her budding romance with a classmate named Ben. In turn, Sal's grandparents relate stories about their own lives and marriage.
Sal's memories of her mother, Sugar, are both sweet and sad. Sal's early memories of her mother reveal a woman who adores her husband, her daughter, and life on their family farm. Sugar loves anything to do with nature, including insects, animals, and sugar maple trees (after which she was named). Of particular importance are the wild blackberries Sal would pick with her mother in the spring. Sugar's kisses often smelled like blackberries, so the berries come to represent her mother to Salamanca, as do the trees for which they are each named.
Sal's parents dream of "filling up the house with children," but when Sugar gives birth to a stillborn daughter and subsequently undergoes an emergency hysterectomy necessitated by complications with the birth, she struggles with her roles as a wife and mother and falls slowly into a depression. Sugar hopes to find relief during a visit to her cousin, so she travels to Lewiston, Idaho. But she does not return. The details of Sugar's experience in Idaho are vague until the last few chapters of the book.
Sal struggles with guilt because of an accident she had the day of the stillbirth, which caused her mother to carry her for a short distance. She also feels guilty because she has an intermittent desire to move on without her mother. Her father's grief proves to be too painful; he moves Sal and himself to Ohio where his new friend, Margaret Cadaver, has found him a new job. Sal is resentful of her father's relationship with Margaret. She attempts to avoid Margaret and her blind, eccentric mother, Mrs. Partridge, when possible. Then Salamanca meets Phoebe.
The girl's friendship begins when Sal spots Phoebe Winterbottom peering from her bedroom window across the street from Margaret Cadaver's house. Phoebe thinks Margaret and her eccentric mother are peculiar and have possibly murdered the late Mr. Cadaver. Because Sal is eager to find fault with the new woman in her father's life, she agrees with Phoebe although her better judgment tells her otherwise.
Dinner at the home of Mary Lou Biddle, a new friend,...
(The entire section is 1431 words.)
Walk Two Moons Overview
While on a six-day journey with her eccentric grandparents, Gram and Gramps, Salamanca Tree Hiddle faces and comes to terms with her life as...
(The entire section is 729 words.)
Ed. Scott Locklear


Sponsor content from Cincinnati Children's®
The Challenges of Cancer Therapy in Young Adults
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Cancer in everyone – from infants to the elderly – is complicated. However, cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYA) presents a particularly unique set of challenges.
This group, defined as 15-39 year olds, accounts for about five percent of cancer diagnoses in the United States. For perspective, this is six times the number of cancers diagnosed in children ages 14 and younger.
Great strides have been made for cancers occurring in children. The 5-year relative survival rate for all childhood cancers combined now exceeds 80%. That is great news for kids – but where does this leave AYAs with cancer?
AYA cancer patients have not experienced quite the same rate of improvement. And they fare worse than children with these same types of cancers: leukemias, sarcomas and some brain tumors.
So why is cancer in adolescents and young adults so challenging? Here is what we know:
3 CHALLENGES OF CANCER THERAPY IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS
1. THE BIOLOGY OF AYA CANCER IS DIFFERENT
The makeup of an AYA cancer is often different from the same tumor type diagnosed in a child. AYA cancers are often more complex genomically (how all of your genes work together). They may also have unique features not found as often in pediatric patients. We believe this complexity may lead to treatment resistance. It may also be at least partially responsible for the poor outcomes in AYAs. Because of this, our researchers are studying the biology differences that distinguish AYA cancers from younger patients. Ultimately, we aim to understand how tumor biology affects response to therapy. We also plan to develop new strategies to overcome these obstacles.
2. AYAS HANDLE TREATMENT DIFFERENTLY
AYAs process chemotherapy and other anti-cancer agents differently than children. This may affect their tolerability and potentially the effectiveness of the therapy. Our researchers are looking at data to help identify unique toxicities of AYA cancer treatment. A better understanding of body composition, hormones, and organ function is a critical step in optimizing therapy and managing side effects among AYAs.
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3. AYAS HAVE A DIFFERENT SET OF UNIQUE NEEDS WHILE DEALING WITH CANCER TREATMENT
AYAs with pediatric cancers should receive treatment and psychosocial support from a care team with expertise in treating them. Here's why:
Young adults with cancer face a unique set of challenges. They are figuring out who they are and what is important to them. They may be furthering their education, embarking on careers, developing friendships and romantic relationships. Some may even be beginning families. Because they are managing so much, we have found that many struggle to follow all of their treatment recommendations. The AYAs who have difficulty following treatment recommendations may also have sub-optimal outcomes. Because of this, our researchers are leading studies to understand how we can support them and make it easier to adhere to their treatment recommendations. This is also why we created a Patient and Family Wellness Center. It includes experts in psychosocial care who are trained to help address the unique psychosocial needs of AYAs.
IMPROVING OUTCOMES WITH A DEDICATED ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT CENTER
Cancer in AYAs is challenging for many reasons. We believe that their outcomes can improve by ensuring they receive care in a dedicated young adult center experienced in caring for their unique set of needs. We have dedicated inpatient and outpatient space, fertility preservation options, as well as age-appropriate support from our Patient and Family Wellness Center to help address them.
To learn more about our AYA cancer program, visit our website.
© Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center 2018
WebMD does not endorse any specific product, service, or treatment.


text:
The cemetery as seen up close as approaching from the road.
This stone rests directly beneath a tree that appears to be about 250 years old.
This is the only stone that has retained its shape. However, if there were any engravings, weather, and time, have worn them away.
This stone has kept part of its original shape, however, it is rough and no engravings are visible.
This stone is partially embedded in the ground, and is sticking up only about 4-inches.
Another stone that has been worn away by time and weather. No markings visible.
And the last stone: at first I thought this was just a rock, but when you look closely, you can see it has been chiseled and is actually a grave stone. No markings are visible.
Another view of the stone beneath the tree. This is looking out toward the road. As you can see, across the road is an old abandoned farmhouse. How appropriate that the two face one another.
It is a sad, sad place.
Another view of the only complete stone at the cemetery. This is looking toward the east, and Gap Valley, shortly after sunrise. It appears that most of the stones are set in an east to west point in the cemetery. [The odd looking shape on the right is a tree stump, from where a tree was cut down many years ago, and its stump never cleared away.]
This concludes all of the stones at the Neel Cemetery.


text:
This Who Is (Who Was) Series includes the following 10 books: Who Was George Washington, Who Was Frederick Douglas, Who Was Neil Armstrong, Who Was Ronald Reagan, Who Was Thomas Jefferson, Who Was Marco Polo, Who Was Walt Disney, Who Was Ferdinand Magellan, Who Was Helen Keller, and Who Is Barack Obama?
A series of illustrated biographies for young readers featuring significant historical figures, including artists, scientists, presidents, inventors, etc.
Who Was George Washinton: In 1789, George Washington became the first president of the United States. He has been called the father of our country for leading America through its early years. Washington also served in two major wars during his lifetime: the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. With over 100 black-and-white illustrations, Washington's fascinating story comes to life – revealing the real man, not just the face on the dollar bill!
Who Was Frederick Douglas: Born into slavery in Maryland in 1818, Frederick Douglass was determined to gain freedom–and once he realized that knowledge was power, he secretly learned to read and write to give himself an advantage. After escaping to the North in 1838, as a free man he gave powerful speeches about his experience as a slave. He was so impressive that he became a friend of President Abraham Lincoln, as well as one of the most famous abolitionists of the nineteenth century.


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TARASÓL - The pioneering bio-marine liposomal Sunscreen released to the skin upon sunlight exposure
Periodic Reporting for period 1 - TARASOL (TARASÓL - The pioneering bio-marine liposomal Sunscreen released to the skin upon sunlight exposure)
Reporting period: 2018-02-01 to 2018-05-31
The chemicals present in most sunscreens products such as formaldehyde-based ingredients, parabens, butylated compounds, plastic softeners or phthalates cause undesirable toxic effects in humans and the environment, leading to distressing medical issues like contact urticaria, endocrine disrupting effect, organ toxicity and even cancer. Moreover, despite the systematic use of sunscreen which is vital to prevent the harmful effects of prolonged sunlight exposure, many UV filter molecules still present high toxicity issues themselves. TARAMAR was founded in 2010 with the aim to design, develop and commercialize all natural and 100% chemical-free cosmetic products. With TARASÓL line TARAMAR will deploy to the European market the first all- natural, edible grade, marine-based based organic sunscreen with absolutely no artificial chemicals, effectively filtering UV radiation. TARASÓL is the result of years of basic research and technology transferring efforts that have led to a prototype incorporating three main innovations: a seaweed-based UV-filter with SPF; a liposome-based delivery system equipped with an open mechanism that stabilizes and releases the bioactive UV filter upon sunlight exposure; a fully natural formulation; and finally, a production process that circumvents the use of conventional preservatives and solvents. To assess the technical feasibility, we have established the tasks needed to optimization steps needed to obtain UV-filter extract with a SPF 30 or higher from seaweeds and a stable and sensitive light-activated delivery system. To ensure commercial feasibility, we have conducted an in-depth analysis of our market, including its dynamics, its environment and key players, our end users and customers, and our competitors. We have also conducted an FTO analysis and defined our value proposition. We have also designed a communication strategy. To analyse the financial risks of launching TARASÓL, we have observed different scenarios and ensure financial viability in all of them. We infer that the TARASÓL project is completely viable and feasible.
The report has guaranteed the viability of the project: 1) Technically, we defined the strategy to optimize TARASOL according to a detailed work plan for Ph2 and a complete evaluation of technical risks. 2) Our commercial plan and a FTO analysis show that there are no IPR barriers for commercialization of TARASOL. Our market analysis has demonstrated that the organic sun care, will show constant growth driven by: the toxic effects of chemical sunscreens; demand for 100% chemical free, environmental friendly, sustainably harvested cosmetics; increased disposable average income EU and globally. We have prepared a detailed exploitation and dissemination plan to deploy TARASÓL in EU & US. 3) We have prepared a financial plan, in which we conclude that by 2025, we will earn almost €53.5M cumulative profit and generate a R.O.I of 15.82 by commercializing TARASÓL .
TARASÓL aims to replace the synthetic and toxic UV filters and absorbing chemicals with safe natural marine based bioactive compounds from seaweed. TARASÓL is a fully traceable product from origin to packaging as every step is carefully supervised by TARAMAR. We replace both chemical and inorganic physical filters and employ food technology and thereby create an edible grade seaweed-based natural sunscreen, suitable for both adults and kids. TARASÓL is environmentally-friendly as it does not incorporate toxic chemicals nor artificially synthesized compounds that accumulate in nature. TARASÓL avoids sea contamination or build-up of non-degradable chemicals, which represent a growing global concern. TARASÓL is expected to be a commercial success with a cumulative profit of €53.55M with an ROI of €15, 81 per euro and increasing the headcount from 6 employees to 25 by 2025. Taking into account the TARAMAR's financial and human resources we consider that the TARASÓL project is viable and fully feasible technically, commercially and financially.
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text:
Research of Dissection Of Aorta has been linked to Aneurysm, Dissecting, Aortic Aneurysm, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic, Aneurysm, Proximal Aortic Dissection. The study of Dissection Of Aorta has been mentioned in research publications which can be found using our bioinformatics tool below. Researched pathways related to Dissection Of Aorta include Pathogenesis, Hemostasis, Coagulation, Transposition, Retrograde Extension. These pathways complement our catalog of research reagents for the study of Dissection Of Aorta including antibodies and ELISA kits against TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR, WIRE, JET, ST, APP.
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listening socket to a particular address;
 'port', listen on a particular port, default is 0, assign a random port;
 'options', a hashref of POE::Session options;
 'filter', specify a POE::Filter to use for client connections, default is POE::Filter::Line;
 'inputfilter', specify a POE::Filter for client input;
 'outputfilter', specify a POE::Filter for output to clients;
 'prefix', specify a different prefix than 'testd' for events;
 The semantics for "filter", "inputfilter" and "outputfilter" are the
 same as for POE::Component::Server::TCP in that one may provide
 either a "SCALAR", "ARRAYREF" or an "OBJECT".
 If the component is "spawn"ed within another session it will
 automatically "register" the parent session to receive "all" events.
METHODS
 "session_id"
 Returns the POE::Session ID of the component.
 "shutdown"
 Terminates the component. Shuts down the listener and disconnects
 connected clients.
 "send_to_client"
 Send some output to a connected client. First parameter must be a
 valid client id. Second parameter is a string of text to send. The
 second parameter may also be an arrayref of items to send to the
 client. If the filter you have used requires an arrayref as input,
 nest that arrayref within another arrayref.
 "send_to_all_clients"
 Send some output to all connected clients. The parameter is a string
 of text to send. The parameter may also be an arrayref of items to
 send to the clients. If the filter you have used requires an
 arrayref as input, nest that arrayref within another arrayref.
 "client_info"
 Retrieve socket information of a given client. Requires a valid
 client ID as a parameter. If called in a list context it returns a
 list consisting of, in order, the client address, the client TCP
 port, our address and our TCP port. In a scalar context it returns a
 HASHREF with the following keys:
 'peeraddr', the client address;
 'peerport', the client TCP port;
 'sockaddr', our address;
 'sockport', our TCP port;
 "client_wheel"
 Retrieve the POE::Wheel::ReadWrite object of a given client.
 Requires a valid client ID as a parameter. This enables one to
 manipulate the given POE::Wheel::ReadWrite object, say to switch
 POE::Filter.
 "disconnect"
 Places a client connection in pending disconnect state. Requires a
 valid client ID as a parameter. Set this, then send an applicable
 message to the client using send_to_client() and the client
 connection will be terminated.
 "terminate"
 Immediately disconnects a client conenction. Requires a valid client
 ID as a parameter.
 "pause_listening"
 Stops the underlying listening socket from accepting new
 connections. This lets you test whether you handle the connection
 timing out gracefully.
 "resume_listening"
 The companion of "pause_listening"
 "getsockname"
 Access to the POE::Wheel::SocketFactory method of the underlying
 listening socket.
 "port"
 Returns the port that the component is listening on.
 "start_listener"
 If the listener fails on "listen" you can attempt to restart it with
 this.
INPUT EVENTS
 These are events that the component will accept:
 "register"
 Takes N arguments: a list of event names that your session wants to
 listen for, minus the 'testd_' prefix.
 Registering for 'all' will cause it to send all TESTD-related events
 to you; this is the easiest way to handle it.
 "unregister"
 Takes N arguments: a list of event names which you don't want to
 receive. If you've previously done a 'register' for a particular
 event which you no longer care about, this event will tell the POP3D
 to stop sending them to you. (If you haven't, it just ignores you.
 No big deal).
 "shutdown"
 Terminates the component. Shuts down the listener and disconnects
 connected clients.
 "send_to_client"
 Send some output to a connected client. First parameter must be a
 valid client id. Second parameter is a string of text to send. The
 second parameter may also be an arrayref of items to send to the
 client. If the filter you have used requires an arrayref as input,
 nest that arrayref within another arrayref.
 "send_to_all_clients"
 Send some output to all connected clients. The parameter is a string
 of text to send. The parameter may also be an arrayref of items to
 send to the clients. If the filter you have used requires an
 arrayref as input, nest that arrayref within another arrayref.
 "disconnect"
 Places a client connection in pending disconnect state. Requires a
 valid client ID as a parameter. Set this, then send an applicable
 message to the client using send_to_client() and the client
 connection will be terminated.
 "terminate"
 Immediately disconnects a client conenction. Requires a valid client
 ID as a parameter.
 "start_listener"
 If the listener fails on "listen" you can attempt to restart it with
 this.
OUTPUT EVENTS
 The component sends the following events to registered sessions. If you
 have changed the "prefix" option in "spawn" then substitute "testd" with
 the event prefix that you specified.
 "testd_registered"
 This event is sent to a registering session. ARG0 is the
 Test::POE::Server::TCP object.
 "testd_listener_failed"
 Generated if the component cannot either start a listener or there
 is a problem accepting client connections. ARG0 contains the name of
 the operation that failed. ARG1 and ARG2 hold numeric and string
 values for $!, respectively.
 If the operation was "listen", the component will remove the
 listener. You may attempt to start it again using "start_listener".
 "testd_connected"
 Generated whenever a client connects to the component. ARG0 is the
 client ID, ARG1 is the client's IP address, ARG2 is the client's TCP
 port. ARG3 is our IP address and ARG4 is our socket port.
 "testd_disconnected"
 Generated whenever a client disconnects. ARG0 was the client ID,
 ARG1 was the client's IP address, ARG2 was the client's TCP port.
 ARG3 was our IP address and ARG4 was our socket port.
 "testd_client_input"
 Generated whenever a client sends us some traffic. ARG0 is the
 client ID, ARG1 is the data sent ( tokenised by whatever POE::Filter
 you specified ).
 "testd_client_flushed"
 Generated whenever anything we send to the client is actually
 flushed down the 'line'. ARG0 is the client ID.
CREDITS
 This module uses code borrowed from POE::Component::Server::TCP by Rocco
 Caputo, Ann Barcomb and Jos Boumans.
SEE ALSO
 POE
 POE::Component::Server::TCP
AUTHOR
 Chris Williams <_EMAIL_>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
 This software is copyright (c) 2010 by Chris Williams, Rocco Caputo, Ann
 Barcomb and Jos Boumans.
 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.


children. By imparting knowledge on nutritional requirements, developmental expectations, and appropriate health management strategies, nurses empower parents to actively participate in their child's growth journey. This educational component becomes particularly crucial in addressing potential challenges, such as transitioning to solid foods or instilling healthy eating habits, ensuring parents are equipped to support their child's nutritional needs effectively.
Communication emerges as a linchpin in the nurse's interaction with parents, facilitating dialogue on potentially sensitive topics. Delicate discussions regarding certain practices, cultural beliefs, or potential health risks require effective communication skills. The nurse acts as a guide, providing explanations, education, and guidance to parents, fostering a collaborative relationship focused on the child's overall welfare.
Moreover, nurses understand the intricate dance between external influences and a child's developmental trajectory. Whether it's toddlers exploring their surroundings, preschoolers navigating emotional landscapes, or school-aged children delving into the realms of academia, nurses remain vigilant to external factors that may impact a child's growth. This vigilance includes identifying potential stressors, intervening when necessary, and collaborating with parents to create a supportive environment.
The nurse's compassionate partnership with parents extends beyond the clinical setting. By acknowledging and respecting the uniqueness of each child's background, nurses contribute to holistic development, nurturing an environment where healthcare seamlessly intertwines with the diverse fabric of a child's life. This multifaceted approach, grounded in cultural sensitivity, education, effective communication, and a keen awareness of external influences, ensures that nurses become invaluable allies in the intricate journey of pediatric healthcare.
Updated: Feb 20, 2024
Cite this page
Children's Functional Health Pattern Assessment. (2024, Feb 12). Retrieved from _URL_
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I know that in German the words "ein" or "eine" are often dropped when referring to a person's occupation or role. Is this always the case from a grammatical point of view? Or is it a matter of style?
Er ist Lehrer.
Er ist ein Lehrer. (?)
I want to translate the following sentence, for example:
Samuel de Champlain was a talented map-maker, or cartographer.
Would it be correct to use the indefinite article here?
Samuel de Champlain war ein begabter Kartenzeichner, oder Kartograf.
Would it also be correct without the article? (It sounds wrong to me).
Samuel de Champlain war begabter Kartenzeichner, oder Kartograf.
Thank you very much.
You can (and should) drop the article when you convey that someone is part of something. For instance, if you're saying that someone 'is teacher', you say that they belong to the group of teachers.
That rule does not only apply to profession, but also to nationality, origin, etc.
Er ist Lehrer.
You also drop the article in [verb + als]:
Er arbeitet als Lehrer.
In all other cases–in respect to your very example, that is professions–you must not drop the article. Thus, you're last sentence is wrong.
Er ist ein begabter Lehrer.
You can read more on this on canoo.net.
Your Answer


The Forgotten Tribunal
David Mevius (_PHONE_). Mevius was the editor of collections of case law. Photo: Wikipedia. Archiv Wismar
The official inauguration of the Royal-Swedish Tribunal in Wismar on 17 May 1653 was a festive occasion. The Wismar Tribunal (Wismarer Tribunal) was the highest court of appeal of the Swedish territories on German soil of the Holy Roman Empire. As an outcome of the thirty years war (_PHONE_) and as a result of the Peace Treaty of Westphalia (1648). The Swedish Crown acquired West Pommern (VorPommern)with connected territories, (including the cities Stettin, Stralsund and Greifswald), re-secularized bishopries of Bremen-Verden and Hamburg and the city of Wismar with districts Poel and Neukloster.
The Swedish Crown wanted to have a Supreme Court to unify the acquired territories and to strengthen Swedish identity. It is relevant to notice that 17th centuries monarchs had a clear concept of the importance of an independent judiciary, not only for the sake of legal security, legal unity and protection of individuals, but also as (political) unifying tools. Until the acquisition in 1648, the Supreme Courts of the Holy Roman Empire (the Reichskammergericht and the Reichshofrat) were the highest courts of appeal for the German territories. The ambitions of the Swedish Crown became clear by the festivities on May 17th, 1653. A procession from the market square to the Fürstenhof (the seat of the Tribunal) with numerous representatives of the Swedish and German nobility and activities such as dance, music and other performances introduced the official beginning of the Tribunal.
The court was evacuated twice (_PHONE_ and _PHONE_), faced financial difficulties and moved to Stralsund and Greifswald (_PHONE_). The court was dissolved at the end of Swedish rule in 1803. The contribution to the European court system, however, is obvious. Talented and committed judges presided the court and the years until 1700 presented one the most sophisticated European supreme courts. In particular the library should be mentioned in this respect. It was not common that courts had their own library. Judges, legal scholars and advocates had their own library, but the Wismar Tribunal acquired the library from David Mevius (_PHONE_). Mevius was from German origin, but he had joint the diplomatic Swedish service after 1648. In 1653 he became vice-president of the Wismar Tribunal until his death in 1670. His fame is not only based on his European wide acknowledged (legal) library, but also on the procedural rules he drafted (Tribunalsordnung 1657) and in particular on his collection of case law (decisiones). The European Court system was to a large extent based on case law from the various 'European"supreme courts. This is a forgotten European history and cultural legacy. The case law collection of Mevius was available all over Europe and used by legal practitioners, scholars and students in law. (source: Dr. N. Jörn, 'Die Stadt Wismar und "ihr" Tribunal' in Wismarer Beiträge, Heft 15 (Wismar 2003).


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Delivery time: 1-2 days
Horses are very active animals. Some performance horses do intense training for years, while others run freely on open plains. What they all have in common though, is a tendency to develop joint problems. Due to their posture, their joints are an extremely vital part of its mobility that is permanently tested throughout its life. That is why Primeval Gelatinate has been manufactured using the patented collagen hydrolysate Fortigel that keeps the joints supple. The collagen hydrolysate alongside the minerals and the collagen type II provide essential building blocks to protect and maintain the joints throughout their years. Primeval Gelatinate allows your horse to enjoy a mobile life right up to their final years.
 - ✔ Strengthen joints
 - ✔ Repair and regenerate cartilage
 - ✔ Fight bacteria that breakdown cartilage
Collagen hydrolyzate, minerals, aroma, collagen type II.
Analytical Components
crude protein 64%, crude fiber 0%, crude fat 0%, crude ash 10%, sodium 0%
Daily Dose Primeval Gelatinate
- Preventive for (sports) horses, older horses, breeding mares, pregnant mares (at least the last three months of gestation), foals growing, enters, twenters and stallions:
mix one measuring spoon of 22.5 grams twice a day with the food (chunks, carrots or slobber).
- For horses and ponies up to 450 kg:
one measuring spoon of 22.5 grams once a day.
To support injuries to tendons, ligaments or joints, doubling the indicated dosage is recommended, or consult your veterinarian.
Mix with water or oil.
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