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Marpa::R2::Changes - Differences between Marpa::R2 and Marpa::XS
About this document
This document describes the incompatible differences between Marpa::XS and Marpa::R2. (Differences that do not give rise to incompatibility are outside of its scope.) It is intended for readers already familiar with Marpa::XS, who are writing new applications for Marpa::R2, and for readers migrating Marpa::XS applications and tools to Marpa::R2.
Additional reserved symbol names
Marpa::XS reserved, for its internal use, all symbol names ending with the right square bracket ("]"). In addition, Marpa::RS reserved symbols ending with the right parenthesis (")"), the right angle bracket (">"), and the right curly bracket ("}"). Any other valid Perl string remains an acceptable symbol name.
The return value of the read() method has changed
The return value of the Marpa::R2 recognizer's read() method differs from its Marpa::XS equivalent. In Marpa::XS it returned the number of distinct terminals (by symbol ID) allowed in the next read(). In Marpa::R2 it returns the number of recognizer events that occurred during the read. Examples of recognizer events are exhaustion, the Earley sets exceeding a designated "warning" level, and other circumstances settable by the user. For more detail, see the documentation of recognizer's read method.
Rule LHS's are no longer a source of action names
In Marpa::XS, if there was no explicit action name for a rule, Marpa would try to find a closure that had the same name as the rule's LHS. The use of rule LHS's as action names had a potential for unpleasant surprises. A surprise could occur if the rule's LHS coincided with a function name without the prorgrammer realizing or intending it. This kind of 'action at a distance' bug can be very hard to detect and trace.
It was originally thought that implicitly using the LHS as the name of an action would be convenient enough to outweigh the dangers. But in fact, this feature wound up being little used. And accidental resolution via a rule LHS was a danger for all users, whether they used the feature or not. For these reasons, as well as potential optimization and efficiency considerations, Marpa::R2 no longer does implicit action resolution using a rule LHS.
Different rules with the same rank now appear in arbitrary order
In ranking parse trees, if two rule instances are for different rules but have the same rule rank, they will now appear in arbitrary order. This is probably the behavior that programmers have always expected.
In Marpa::XS, when the null_ranking named argument of rules was in use for one of the rules, specific guarantees were made for the order in some of the cases. The intent was to be orthogonal with the guarantees made for the ranking of null variants within the same rule. These additional guarantees proved useless in practice, cumbersome to implement, and, when documented, opaque and unintuitive. In Marpa::R2 they have been dropped.
Null actions now come from the rules
In Marpa::XS null actions were specified by symbol. This created a dual semantics -- one for non-nulled rules, and another for nulled rules. The conventions and behaviors of the two semantics were quite dissimilar. The rules for their coordination were complicated, and it was possible for a programmer expecting one semantics, to be surprised by a result from the other.
In Marpa::R2 the semantics of nulled rules is the same as that of non-nulled rules, and the semantics of nulled symbols comes from the semantics of the nulled rules. This requires rule evaluation closures to be aware they might be called for nulled rules. But it greatly simplifies the semantics conceptually. For more detail, see Marpa::R2::NAIF::Semantics::Null.
Actions can now be constants
If an action name resolves to a constant, that constant is the action. The effect is the same as if the action name resolved to a function that returned that constant, except that it is more efficient.
Perl cannot reliably distinguish between non-existent symbols and symbols whose value is undef, so constants whose value is undef are not allowed. The ::undef reserved action name can be used instead.
Actions names beginning with "::" are reserved
Action names which start with "::" are reserved. "::undef" is a safe way of specify a constant whose value is undef. Use of a reserved name which has not yet been defined causes an exception to be thrown.
The "default_null_value" named argument for grammars has been removed
Symbols no longer have null values, so the "default_null_value" named argument of grammars has been removed.
The "null_value" symbol property has been removed
Symbols no longer have null values. Use of the null value symbol property now causes an exception.
The token value argument of read() has changed
The Marpa::R2 recognizer's read() method differs from its Marpa::XS equivalent. In Marpa::R2, If read()'s token value argument is omitted, then the value of the token will be a Perl undef. If read()'s token value is given explicitly, then that explicit value will be the value of the token. In particular, an explicit undef token value argument will behave differently from an omitted token value argument. For details, see the documentation of recognizer's read method.
The token value argument of alternative() has changed
The Marpa::R2 recognizer's alternative() method differs from its Marpa::XS equivalent. Its token value argument must now be a reference to the token value, not the token value itself, as in Marpa::XS. If alternative's token value argument is omitted or a Perl undef, then the value of the token will be a Perl undef. If alternative's token value argument is reference to undef, then the value of the token is a Perl undef. For details, see the documentation of the alternative method.
Marpa::R2::Recognizer::value() does not accept named arguments
In the Marpa::XS recognizer, the new(), set() and value() methods all accepted named arguments. As of Marpa::R2, the value() method will no longer do so.
Allowing named arguments for the value() was a holdover from a previous interface, which also seemed like it might be a convenience. But, since it was even more important that the value() method be convenient as the termination test controlling a loop over the parse results, a lot of special logic was added to deal with arguments which only made sense before the first pass of the loop, etc., etc.
Eliminating named arguments from the value() method eliminates a variety of special cases and, as a result, the documentation of the value() method is now simpler, shorter and clearer. Anything that could be done by providing named arguments to the value() method can be done more using the recognizer's set() method, and the code will be clearer for it.
Marpa's grammar rewriting is now invisible
Internally, Marpa rewrites its grammars. In Marpa::XS, most details of these rewrites were invisible, but not all. In Marpa::R2, all internal rules and symbols are now completely invisible to the user, even in the tools for debugging grammars.
By default, the non-LHS symbols are the terminals
Traditionally, a symbol has been a terminal if it is not on the LHS of any rule, and vice versa. This is now the default in Marpa::R2, replacing the more complicated, and less intuitive, scheme that was in Marpa::XS. Marpa::R2 still allows the user to use any non-nulling symbol as a terminal, including those symbols that appear on the LHS of a rule, but this is now an option, and never the default. For more, see "Terminal symbols" in Marpa::R2::NAIF::Grammar.
The lhs_terminals grammar named argument has been eliminated
The lhs_terminals named argument of grammar objects implemented what is now the default behavior. Since it no longer performs a function, its use is now a fatal error.
Nulling symbols cannot be terminals
In Marpa::XS, it was possible for a symbol to be both nulling and a terminal. In practice that meant that the symbol was nulling, but that, on input, that property could be overriden, and a specific instance of the nulling symbol could be made non-nulling. This behavior was worse than useless and non-intuitive -- it was dangerous and logically inconsistent.
Marpa::R2 will not allow a nulling symbol to be used as a terminal. To the extent that the Marpa::XS behavior made sense, it can be duplicated by creating a symbol which is the LHS of two rules, one empty, and the other rule with a RHS consisting of exactly one terminal symbol.
A sequence must have a unique LHS
The LHS of a sequence rule may not be on the LHS of any other rule, whether another sequence rule, or a BNF rule. This is not as severe a restriction as it might sound -- while sequences cannot share the same LHS with other rules directly, they can do so indirectly. For details, see "Duplicate rules" in Marpa::R2::NAIF::Grammar.
In Marpa::XS, the definition of when a sequence was a duplicate was more liberal, but it was also complicated and non-intuitive. The new definition is simpler and more intuitive, and its greater restrictiveness is easy to


text:
The Lauwerszee was closed in 1969 by a dam and it is nowadays a fresh water lake, Lauwersmeer. Before the closure it was a part of the Frisian Inlet basin, which is divided by the Engelsmanplaat into Zoutkamperlaag and Pinkegat (Fig. E.4). The closure caused a decrease of the basin area of the Frisian Inlet by about one third.
Figure E.5 shows the effects of the closure on the water level, flow velocity and sediment concentration at the centre of the Inlet Zoutkamperlaag as calculated by Wang et al. (1995) using a 2DH model. The closure caused a small increase of the tidal range. However, due to the decrease of the tidal basin area the tidal prism and thereby the magnitude of flow velocity decreased significantly. The tidal asymmetry changed such that it became more flood-dominant favouring sediment import.
Since the closure (1969) the tidal basin of Zoutkamperlaag has been accumulating sediment and the ebb-tidal delta has been eroding (Fig. E.6). The sedimentation in the basin and the erosion of the ebb-tidal delta are more or less in balance. As a consequence the closure has not caused erosion problem of the adjacent coasts, in contradiction to the closure of the Zuiderzee. Although in less extent the closure has also caused movements of tidal divides enlarging the tidal basin of Zoutkamperlaag.
An environmental problem induced by the closure is the erosion of the Engelsmanplaat, the large inter-tidal flat between the Pinkegat and the Zoutkamperlaag. This is due to the fact that the tidal flow in the Zoutkamperlaag channel, which is a building force for the flat, became weaker due to the closure. The eroding force for the flat, the wave action did not change due to the closure.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The pineapple is one of the most popular fruits especially when used in deserts, cocktails and juices. The pineapple is also commonly packed as canned and whole fruits. Unlike most other fruits, you van easily buy or grow your own pineapple tree right in your garden.
How to grow a Pineapple tree
The pineapple tree is known to adapt to any weather but does really well when it receives plenty of sunshine. As such, if you live in regions closer to the North Pole than the equator, you should ideally grow the pineapple tree in your house. While the pineapple plant is often called a pineapple tree, its definition does not technically meet that of a tree. Instead, the pineapple grows in the centre of 3 feet tall bushes which allows for easy harvesting when the fruit is ripe. The pineapple tree is a biannual plant and as such, bears leaves in the first year and flowers in the second year.
There are different types of pineapple trees that one can grow within their garden. However, the sweet loaf variation is the best suited for new growers as it is quite simple to work with. When choosing the pineapple you would like to use, be sure to check for fresh leaves in the middle of the crown as pineapples that have these tend to yield the best fruit.
Most people are largely unaware that the pineapple tree and the flower that bears the pineapple fruit are one and the same thing. You will notice that when your pineapple tree's flowers begin to bloom, they will quickly transmute to some of the best pineapple fruits that you have ever seen.
Harvesting of pineapple fruit from the pineapple tree should be done with care so as to avoid picking unripe fruits. Unripe pineapples have been known to be quite bitter and acidic and tend to leave a sour taste in the mouth. Moreover, people who have eaten unripe pineapples have also complained of a burning sensation on the throat and mouth.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
GENDER: Masculine & Feminine
PRONOUNCED: KLOD (French), KLAWD (English) [key]
Meaning & History
French masculine and feminine form of CLAUDIUS
. In France the masculine name has been common since the Middle Ages due to the 7th-century Saint
Claude of Besançon. It was imported to Britain in the 16th century by the aristocratic Hamilton family, who had French connections. A famous bearer of this name was the French impressionist painter Claude Monet (_PHONE_).
OTHER LANGUAGES: Claudia, Claudius (Ancient Roman), Claudia (Biblical), Klaudija, Klaudio (Croatian), Klaudie (Czech), Claudia (Dutch), Claudia (German), Claudia, Claudio (Italian), Klaudijs (Latvian), Klaudia, Klaudiusz (Polish), Cláudia, Cláudio (Portuguese), Claudia, Claudiu (Romanian), Klavdiya, Klava (Russian), Klaudia (Slovak), Klavdija (Slovene), Claudia, Claudio (Spanish), Gladys (Welsh)
| United States || -|| ||


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Compute 3-D streamline data
XYZ = stream3(X,Y,Z,U,V,W,startx,starty,startz)
XYZ = stream3(U,V,W,startx,starty,startz)
XYZ = stream3(...,options)
XYZ = stream3(X,Y,Z,U,V,W,startx,starty,startz) computes streamlines from vector data U, V, W.
The arrays X, Y, and Z, which define the coordinates for U, V, and W, must be monotonic, but do not need to be uniformly spaced. X, Y, and Z must have the same number of elements, as if produced by meshgrid.
startx, starty, and startz define the starting positions of the streamlines. The section "Specifying Starting Points for Stream Plots" provides more information on defining starting points.
The returned value XYZ contains a cell array of vertex arrays.
XYZ = stream3(U,V,W,startx,starty,startz) assumes the arrays X, Y, and Z are defined as [X,Y,Z] = meshgrid(1:N,1:M,1:P) where [M,N,P] = size(U).
XYZ = stream3(...,options) specifies the options used when creating the streamlines. Define options as a oneor two-element vector containing the step size or the step size and the maximum number of vertices in a streamline:
[stepsize, max_number_vertices]
If you do not specify values, MATLAB® software uses the default:
 - Step size = 0.1 (one tenth of a cell)
 - Maximum number of vertices = 10000
Use the streamline command to plot the data returned by stream3.
This example draws 3-D streamlines from data representing air currents over regions of North America.
load wind
[sx sy sz] = meshgrid(80,20:10:50,0:5:15);
See Also
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text:
Statement by Dr. Terry Brooks, executive director, Kentucky Youth Advocates
LOUISVILLE, KY – The Kentucky House has a track record that clearly values family stability and protecting children from maltreatment. Yet, on the same day as passing critical legislation that will positively impact children across the child welfare continuum, House members ensured passage of House Bill 7 that threatens efforts to improve child safety and well-being.
As we've previously shared, there is emerging evidence about the critical role of economic and concrete supports in preventing child maltreatment, including lowering chances of a substantiated abuse or neglect report for children who participate in SNAP or WIC and a decrease in child maltreatment investigations when children have continuous Medicaid or CHIP coverage. While we are glad to see that vulnerable groups, such as kids, foster youth, and kinship and fictive kin caregivers, are especially protected from the changes proposed in HB 7, the possibility remains for unintended consequences of those good intentions to improve the state's public benefits system.
We thank House Speaker David Osborne and Speaker Pro Tem David Meade for continuing to listen to feedback from stakeholders and considering key recommendations as the legislation advances, including:
- Clarifying language to allow the Cabinet for Health and Family Services' (CHFS) discretion to determine punishments for violations of fraud.
- Exempting payments made to foster, kinship, and fictive kin caregivers, as well as exempting WIC and third-party payments, such as CCAP, from requirements that public assistance programs be distributed on the same EBT card.
- Removing language around Categorical Eligibility for public benefits so children in households enrolled in SNAP can continue to automatically be eligible for free school meals.
- Requiring CHFS to develop an online Employment and Training program so families have more options to fulfill work and community engagement requirements.
- Establishing a Benefit Cliff Task Force to study bridge insurance program for low-income families and strengthen access to the Child Care Assistance Program.
As this legislation heads to the Senate, we ask for the following considerations:
- Explicitly exempt former foster youth from provisions within the legislation to ensure there are not additional barriers for this vulnerable group.
- Allow noncustodial parents who are behind on child support the ability to prove their involvement in their child's life before disqualifying them from public benefits.
- Allow Presumptive Eligibility determinations to be made by medical practitioners and various clinical sites to ensure the determination for pregnant women and children isn't limited to only hospitals.
- Strengthen the appeals process so families have the opportunity for due process before being charged with fraud.
In addition to these recommendations, we have several questions related to the bill, including but not limited to: How are former foster youth impacted by this bill? What counts as community engagement? How will mandated community engagement be monitored? Are pregnant women and former foster youth excluded from community engagement programs? What is the fiscal note for HB 7? Is ninety days enough time for the Cabinet to integrate SNAP, Medicaid, and other public assistance programs into the same EBT card?
Safety net programs play a critical role in making sure families struggling to make ends meet can have food to eat, cover basic family needs, and access critical supports and services needed to be healthy. Kentucky will be strongest when all children have their best chance to thrive as we continue to build an equitable pandemic recovery. We call on Senate leadership to consider these recommendations and questions as HB 7 progresses through the legislative process.
Stay up-to-date on Blueprint for Kentucky's Children priorities and bills that are good for kids on our Kentucky General Assembly Bill Tracker.
About Kentucky Youth Advocates
Kentucky Youth Advocates believes all children deserve to be safe, healthy, and secure. As THE independent voice for Kentucky's children, we work to ensure policymakers create investments and policies that are good for children. Learn more at _URL_.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Eun-Ser Lee
Learn More
Context-aware systems demand a customized development methodology because they have their own features such as ambiguous system scope, context modeling, and implementing context-dependent services. Furthermore, it has been known that these systems are more complex than traditional systems. In this paper, we meet this challenge by extending the unified(More)
MAGE (mobile agent-based grid environment) is a monitoring system on Grid computing environment to provide a dynamically reconfigurable multi-layered architecture. With the growing requirement of computational power and hardware resources, Grid takes one of the major roles in several researches and many business areas. Grid computing has, recently, migrated(More)


South Sister St. Marys, Tasmania
South Sister - velvet worms
parapatry
Peter B. McQuillan
Centre for Environmental Studies
University of Tasmania
What is special about parapatric boundaries?
A parapatric boundary marks the location where two related species meet but rarely if ever interbreed.
There are three main models of speciation, mainly based on geography -- that is, what are the geographic locations, with respect to one another, of the groups that evolve to be different species. These are:
Allopatric speciation:
speciation that occurs when the groups that evolve to be separate species are in well separated geographic locations and are isolated geographically from each other so that individuals cannot move between the different locations.
Parapatric speciation:
speciation that occurs when the groups that evolve to be separate species are geographic neighbors; they occupy different areas, but the areas are next to each other and individuals can potentially move between the areas.
Sympatric speciation:
speciation that occurs when the groups that evolve to be separate species occur together in the same geographic area.
Allopatric speciation is by far the most common model seen in nature while there are only a few examples documented in the world of parapatric speciation.
The Giant and the Blind Velvetworms are thus rare examples of this phenomenon. (One of the few others involves parasitic ticks on lizards in South Australia).
We assume that this line marks some subtle environmental difference important to the velvet worms. Clearly, one species is favoured by conditions on one side of the line while the other shows greater fitness on the other side. Importantly, any hybrid between the two species is favoured by neither (and hence has low fitness, and is removed by natural selection).
This line of parapatry is defined from velvet worm collection data over the last two decades. The fact that biologists cannot readily identify what it is about the environment that coincides with this line underlines how little we know about the conditions essential for velvetworm survival in the long term.
Line of parapatry Parapatric boundary separating Blind Velvet Worm from Giant Velvet Worm
(Map courtesy of A. Richardson, Head, School of Zoology, University of Tasmania)
[red dots for Giant Velvet Worm and large white dots for Blind Velvet Worm]
Default Colours Less Contrast More contrast
50419-6888 (1, 1, 1, 193)


Goal
Export users from one directory and import them into another, without breaking references.
If you are using an IdP which is supported by a native User Sync connector (Azure, Okta, Google GSuite, KeyCloak, OneLogin), you should be using that instead.
Important
The Excel connector is designed to make changes to your user directory based on an input that can be manually edited and transformed.
Always test in a staging or dev environment first to understand the consequences of your operations and prevent any negative impact.
If you have doubts about the process or questions, please do not hesitate to contact us via _URL_
Requirements
 1. SAML SSO 3.5.4 or later or User Sync 1.4.4 or later
 2. Target Directory must by in Read-Write mode
 3. Access to the file system of Jira/ Confluence or wherever you are migrating the users
 4. Following the installation instructions in the Excel Connector User Guide
 5. An admin user in the default internal directory who is not part of the migration
Step 1: Export Users
Export your users from the selected directory following the instructions in this article:
How to Export Users with the Excel Connector
The connector will export every user in the source directory.
Step 2: Modify file to prepare for import to the internal directory
The excel file contains as many lines as users in the directory. Below is one sample line and all the original columns:
Make sure, that all mandatory attributes are present:
 - ATTR_EMAIL
 - ATTR_FULLNAME
Leave the ATTR_NAME field as it as. This is important for migrating the user properly and not breaking any references.
Remove unaffected users
Delete all lines corresponding to users that you don't want to migrate.
It is not really advised to change values in the columns available. While you could add more groups to each user, it's way safer to do that after the migration.
As mentioned in the beginning already:
Don't include the admin user you are logged in with. Once you change the directory position later (see further below), you'd lock yourself out.
Step 3: Import the users again
Use the transformed file to import your users into the target directory following the instructions in this article:
How to Import Users with the Excel Connector
Step 4: Verify the Results, Change Directory Order, Disable Source Directory
If your target directory is already above the directory you've exported the users from, then you should already see the users as member of that directory.
In Jira you'll see that by looking at the Directory column in the user browser:
In Confluence you need to click on the user first and see a list of directories, if in multiple.
The one at the top should be the target directory.
So if the user is still shown under the source directory (the source directory is the first in their Confluence user profile),
move the target directory above it, before you can verify the results.
Everything else should look as before, all the historical references should have been preserved (profile, issues assigned & reported, pages etc.).
This is the point where you can disable the source directory. We advise to not delete it immediately, you should keep it for a bit, just as a precaution.
Step 5: Authentication
Migrating doesn't copy passwords of the users. Most of the times a migration is a preparation to authenticate the users afterwards with SAML,
and no passwords are stored in that case locally either.
You could still set a password for one of the migrated users to login locally, if the target directory allows that.
Usually you migrate to the Jira/ Confluence internal directory where this would work.
The final test requires that you disable the source directory and login with a user, either via SAML or that local password you've set temporarily.
The user should notice no difference to before the migration.
Optional Steps
Once you've migrated the users successfully, you might want to Bulk rename users, also using the Excel Connector.
This would be required, if your usernames need to match the NameID on the IdP you are using for SSO.


text:
Jan 2008iXBlue PhotonicsRequest Info
Featuring no moving parts and offering insertion loss of <3 dB, the PS-LN polarization rotators launched by Photline Technologies are integrated optics waveguide devices that switch the polarization state of an input light between two linear orthogonal output states at frequencies of up to 10 GHz with up to 20 GHz available upon request. The output light is transmitted on either the fast or the slow axis of the output polarization-maintaining fiber of the component, operating as a transverse electric to a transverse magnetic converter. They are available at various wavelengths, including 1300 and 1550 nm, and for switching bandwidths from 100 MHz to 10 GHz. The rotators are based on a birefringent LiNbO3 phase modulator whose waveguide is illuminated at 45° of its main axes.


-->
Note: This page describes the development version of GPSBabel. It may substantially differ from the latest released GPSBabel.
HTML Output (html)
This format can...
 - write waypoints
This format has the following options: stylesheet, encrypt, logs, degformat, altunits .
GPSBabel's HTML output generates a single HTML file of all of the waypoints in the input file. It supports a number of Groundspeak GPX extensions and filters out potentially harmful HTML from the input file while maintaining almost all of the source HTML formatting. This makes this format well suited for generating HTML to hand to programs like Plucker for putting in a PDA and especially so for "paperless caching" for Geocachers with pocket queries.
This format is similar to the text format.
The following command line reads a GPX file with Groundspeak extensions and writes an HTML file with encrypted hints that is rendered using a custom stylesheet:
gpsbabel -i gpx -f 12345.gpx -o html,stylesheet=green.css,encrypt -F 12345.html
stylesheet option
Path to HTML style sheet.
Use this option to specify a CSS style sheet to be used with the resulting HTML file.
encrypt option
Encrypt hints using ROT13.
Use this option to encrypt hints from Groundspeak GPX files.
logs option
Include groundspeak logs if present.
Use this option to include Groundspeak cache logs in the created document.
degformat option
Degrees output as 'ddd', 'dmm'(default) or 'dms'.
When GPSBabel writes coordinates, this option is consulted to see if it should write decimal degrees ('ddd') decimal minutes ('dmm') or degrees, minutes, seconds ('dms'). The default is 'dmm'.
altunits option
Units for altitude (f)eet or (m)etres.
This option should be 'f' if you want the altitude expressed in feet and 'm' for meters. The default is 'f'.


text:
Hayal İncedoğan – "In the Shade of Time"
Presenting a conceptual depth with her versatile productions, Hayal İncedoğan presents the collateral aspects of time, space and memory perception spectacularly in her exhibition "In the Shade of Time".
The exhibition developed within a system of archiving plants, expressed with the term 'herbarium' in botanical science, and brings a new dimension and meaning in the minds of the audience by combining today's visual experiences and memory. The exhibition narrates the approach of time through works from various disciplines in terms of perspective. The artist, who has connotations from the previous exhibitions, comes up with a new subject and material for each project. By taking this method as a principle, she pushes her limits.
The project, which the artist has developed by starting to photograph the plants she has grown, includes works that have emerged as a result of an accumulation of approximately five years, including the growth processes of the plants.
Taking motifs as a means of expression, İncedoğan uses a unique language by combining different materials and techniques. With the exhibition, she explores the intellectual as well as the intuitive possibilities of the concept. Since the motif is suitable for synthesizing the eastern and western culture, she emphasizes the importance of being open to the universal dialogue. The exhibition includes artists works with different techniques; painting, audio-video, neon, and installation works.


text:
Reviewed by Lois Spangler
Second Grade Science Teacher
This is an excellent book for early childhood classrooms. It is one of 8 volumes in the Plant–ology series by Bearport. Topics covered are in alignment with early childhood life science curriculum standards. In addition to exploring how plants use toxins to protect themselves from hungry animals, this volume establishes a very important safety concept that some plants are poisonous to animals and humans. Children will also learn that you cannot distinguish poisonous plants from nonpoisonous plants just by looking at them. Topics include: poisonous flowers and leaves, poisonous bulbs, deadly berries, birds and berries, poisonous seeds, along with poison ivy and oak, and more.
The information in Lawrence's book will pique children's curiosity. There is a clear text section on each left–hand page, with enlarged images of details that students might observe in nature like tree rings, pine cones, or leaf ribs. Full page photography on the opposing page illustrate the topics. The engaging photos are clearly labeled and present a strong visual impact, which will captivate children. Each book in the series includes a glossary, an index, a reference section, and an activity. The reading level is 2, with an interest level K–3. Because the text is supported by such good graphics, the range of readers is broad. This publication is also available in eBook format. Classroom teachers and those using differentiated instruction will find this volume an excellent addition to their plant unit.
Review posted on 10/11/2012


Quick Answer: Who Was The Greatest Samurai In History?
What is the deadliest sword in history?
The sword is considered by many experts as the deadliest sword ever created..
Did Samurai eat meat?
With all that being said, your common Samurai was unlikely to consume much meat throughout his daily life. Meat was considered a luxury item and was often only eaten by higher ranking Samurai and commanders.
Is Afro Samurai black?
3, The Beginning of Afro Takashi Okazaki first began drawing African-American characters on Kleenex boxes and other such items as a teen. His drawing was inspired by his love of soul and hip-hop music. … Afro was also based on Yasuke, the legendary black samurai who existed in Japan during the Sengoku period.
Did ninjas kill samurai?
Are Ninja Samurai?
Did Samurai kill civilians?
Who was the very first Samurai?
When were the samurai most powerful?
Who are the strongest warriors in history?
Was the first samurai black?
African samurai: The enduring legacy of a black warrior in feudal Japan. Yasuke was a slave turned samurai from Africa who lived in Japan in the sixteenth century. Hong Kong (CNN) When feudal Japan's most powerful warlord Nobunaga Oda met Yasuke, a black slave-turned-retainer, in 1581, he believed the man was a god.
What era were samurai?
Did Samurai use guns?
Tanegashima were used by the samurai class and their ashigaru "foot soldiers", and within a few years the introduction of the tanegashima in battle changed the way war was fought in Japan forever.
Who was most feared Samurai?
Miyamoto MusashiIn order to strike fear in the heart of your enemies, skill and intelligence are needed. No one has this aura more than Miyamoto Musashi. Why is he one of the most feared Samurai?
Who was the most feared warrior of all time?
The Deadliest Warriors Throughout HistoryCount Roland. … Vlad the Impaler. … Varvakis. … Lu Bu. … Sun Tzu. … Leonidas of Sparta. … Genghis Khan. Khan's bloody terror at the reigns of the Mongol Army literally changed and helped shape the world. … Alexander the Great. He was the most revered man in the world at the time of his death.More items…•
What is a Samurai sword called?
A katana (刀 or かたな) is a Japanese sword characterized by a curved, single-edged blade with a circular or squared guard and long grip to accommodate two hands. It was used by the samurai of ancient and feudal Japan.
Why did samurai die out?
The role of the samurai in peacetime declined gradually over this period, but two factors led to the end of samurai: the urbanization of Japan, and the end of isolationism. … Many Japanese, including lower class samurai, grew dissatisfied with the shogunate because of the worsening economic conditions.
Were there any black samurai?
Almost 500 years ago, a tall African man arrived in Japan. Known as Yasuke, the man was a warrior who reached the rank of samurai under the rule of Oda Nobunaga – a powerful 16th Century Japanese feudal lord who was the first of the three unifiers of Japan. …
Who would win ninja or samurai?
Would a Knight beat a samurai?
Knights were slower due to heavier armor and heavier swords, but one good hit would devastate, Where as Samurai were quicker due to their lighter armor and swords, they also had faster sword play. Samurai armor wasn't all that much lighter. … On on a one-on-one melee, the knight would typically win.
What is the most famous samurai sword?
Who was the greatest swordsman ever?
From soldiers and samurai to duelists and expert fencers, take a look back at the adventures of six legendary swordsmen.Miyamoto Musashi—Japan's Sword Saint. … Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges—The Gentleman Fencer. … Donald McBane—The Scottish Duelist Extraordinaire. … Achille Marozzo—The Renaissance Fencing Master.More items…•


ran uses by-reference but 1+6, say, would be evaluated to 7 and stored in a temporary variable. This hidden variable's address would be passed to x. On some compilers, p(1), would result in 1=2 thereafter!
Under by-name, x "becomes" a[i]. i becomes 3, so x becomes a[3]. a[3] becomes 4. Output:
 1 2 4 4 5
Algol-60 has by-value and by-name parameters. By-name parameters are implemented in a way similar to procedure formal parameters (see later). Many functional languages implement by-name parameters in an efficient way called by-need or lazy evaluation. This is possible because there are no side-effects in a functional language (see later).
One further method is by-input-output. Here the actual parameter is evaluated and copied to the formal parameter before routine entry and copied back afterwards. It usually behaves like by-reference unless an actual parameter is altered in a routine both via the formal parameter and via the actual parameter (as a non-local).
By-value requires an expensive copy if the actual parameter is a large structure. By-reference requires one indirection for each parameter access. By-name requires an implicit function call for each access.
Jensen's Device
The following technique, known as Jensen's device, uses call by-name parameters to sum a series:
begin
 INT i;
 proc sum = (INT lo, hi, BYNAME REAL term)REAL:
 begin REAL s:=0.0;
 for i from lo to hi do s +:= term
 end {sum};
 print( sum(1, 10, 1/i) )
end
Note that it depends on the loop control variable being non-local to sum (forbidden in Pascal) and on 1/i being passed by-name.
Procedure Formal Parameters
In the absence of by-name parameters, series can be summed in a more obvious manner by passing a procedure or function as a parameter. Such a parameter is known as a procedure formal parameter.
begin
 proc sum = (proc(int)int term; int lo, hi)int;
 begin
 int s := 0;
 for i from lo to hi do
 s +:= term(i)
 od;
 s
 end;
 proc p = void:
 begin
 proc fact = (int n)int:
 if n<=1 then 1 else n*fact(n-1) fi;
 int tot = sum(fact, 6, 9);
 print(tot)
 end;
 p
end
Note that term is a procedure formal parameter. fact is passed to sum as an actual procedure parameter. The environment that fact runs in is derived from p not from sum. Yet sum calls fact (via term), p does not call fact. Therefore p must give the environment for fact to sum as part of the procedure value. A procedure value is a closure. It consists of a pointer to the code and a pointer to the addressing environment for the code to run in. The stack situation as fact runs is:
 ^ ^
 | |<-----------------------SF
fact: |n |
 ---<--. |
 | |.-->---------|
 | |ra | |
 v ----------- |
sum: | |term env----------->---------------|
 | |term code----------> fact's code |
 | |lo=6 | | |
 | |hi=9 | | |
 | |s | v |
 | |i | | |
 | |. | | |
 | |. | | |
 | |ra |<--- v
 v ----------- |
p: | |tot | |
 -----<---. | |
 | | |. | |
 | ---->|ra |<-------------------------
 v -----------
main: | |. |
 | |. |
 ------->|ra |
 -----------
p has access to its own ARB and so can store it as part of the routine value as term's env. Fact can access its own local variables, p's variables and main's variables.
Examples of Procedure Parameters
Procedure formal parameters can be used to implement call-by-name parameters if the latter are not provided by a language.
Procedure parameters can be used in a recursive descent parser to good effect:
procedure sequence(procedure nonterminal;
 sep :symbol);
begin nonterminal;
 while sy=sep do
 begin insymbol;
 nonterminal
 end
end;
{as in sequence(statement, semicolon)
 or in sequence(expression, comma) etc. }
procedure optional(starter:symbol;
 procedure nonterminal);
begin if sy=starter then
 begin insymbol; nonterminal end
end;
{as in optional(elsesy, statement)
 or in optional(varsy, vardecs) etc.}
Algol-68 Parameters
Algol-68 passes parameters by-value, but the notion of 'value' is very general so that all other methods can easily be programmed:
 PROC p = (INT byvalint): ...
 #call:# p(7); p(i); p(a[i])
Here the value is an INT value.
A REF INT value, an integer variable location value can also be passed:
 PROC p = (REF INT byrefint):
 ... byrefint := ... ;
 #calls:# p(i); p(a[i]); but not p(7)
Note that '7' has no address to pass as a REF INT.
Lastly, a procedure value can be passed:
 PROC p = (PROC REF INT bynameint):
 ... bynameint := ... ;
 #call:# p( PROC REF INT:a[i] )
The value in this case is an anonymous procedure value.
Local Space Allocation
Each routine allocates space for its parameters and other local variables in the stack. This space can be reserved by adding its size to the stack front register. In Pascal, all arrays and therefore all structures in the stack have a fixed size calculable at compile time. Therefore the stack space for each routine activation is known at compile time. Many languages allow dynamic array bounds:
begin read(n);
 [1:n] int arr; ...
end
It is impossible to know the size of arr until the program runs. However a descriptor for arr does have a fixed size:
Before:
Activation Record:
 ^ ^
4: |arr descriptor|
3: |n |
2: |dynamic link |
1: |static link |
0: |return address|
 ----------------
Code:
 -- [1:n] int arr
sto SF, arr[ARB]
add SF, n
After:
Changed Activation Record:
Code:
 ^ ^
 |arr[n] |
 | ... |
 |arr[2] |
 |arr[1] |<---<---------|
4: |arr descriptor--------->-----^
3: |n |
2: |dynamic link |
1: |static link |
0: |return address|
 ----------------
Note that this declaration of arr has had a side-effect in advancing SF. Languages, such as Algol-68, allowing this must prohibit jumps forward over such declarations or the effect will be avoided. Also, a jump backwards over the declaration must be banned or the effect can happen several times.
In the above, an array's size could not change once it was created. The size of an Algol-68 flex array can change after creation. Such an array must be allocated in a heap (see later). The descriptor can still be allocated in the stack.
Jumps, Goto
Goto's involve more than is immediately obvious in a block structured language. The first minor difficulty is due to forward jumps or forward references to labels (and routines). This problem also appears in assemblers.
begin ...; goto lab; ...; lab: ... end
A multi-pass compiler may be able to evaluate the location the label will refer to before the goto is compiled. If this information is not available a jump to an unknown location must be generated for the goto. A list of such incomplete jump instructions can be kept (a well known trick is to use the incomplete address fields in the jump instructions to link them together). The correct jump destination must be filled in when known. An alternative technique is to compile all forward jumps as indirect jumps via a jump table. The location of the jump table can be fixed at the start of compilation and its contents can be filled in at


text:
Wilo Borehole Pumps
Wilo TWI and TWU Borehole/ Well Pumps are submersible multistage centrifugal electric pumps in Stainless Steel. Wilo Borehole Pumps can be used for vertical or horizontal installation.
Every Wilo Borehole Pump has an integrated non-return valve. All parts in contact with the fluid are made of corrosion-free materials.
Motor is corrosion-free single-phase or three-phase for direct starting.
These Borehole Pumps are suitable for the following applications:
- For water and potable water supply from boreholes and rainwater storage
- Process water supply
- For municipal water supply, sprinkling and irrigation
- Pressure boosting
- Lowering the water level
- For pumping water in industrial applications
- For pumping water without long-fibre and abrasive constituents


text:
Few things in childhood are more traumatising than waking up one morning to find your beloved pet fish, Michael Scofield, floating upside down in his tank (true story); his tiny fishy light cruelly extinguished before his time. But why do they float upside down when they decide it's time to take a ride on the porcelain express?
The answer to this question has a lot to do with how they maintain proper buoyancy when they're alive. As you may or may not know, most fish are in possession of an organ commonly known as a "swim bladder". This organ can be filled or emptied of air by a fish at will via its gills, allowing them to either float higher, sink lower or stay suspended at about the same depth, not unlike a Buoyancy Compensator (BC) used by scuba-divers.
Although swim bladders are critical to a fish's ability to float, sink or hover without expending much energy, they have the unfortunate side effect of making them rather unstable. To explain, research has shown that the relative position of a fish's "centre of buoyancy" is, amongst fish with swim bladders, almost universal located below their centre of mass near their stomach, making them quite prone to hydrostatic rolling which is just a fancy way of saying it makes them more likely to go belly up. This is why fish can often be seen flapping their fins, even when they're not moving and in perfectly still water.
This is also why when fish become ill or injured, they will sometimes begin swimming on their side or even upside down; they simply lose the ability to maintain hydrostatic equilibrium and the more buoyant part of their body will try to float to the surface. When fish ultimately die, of course, they lose all ability to stop themselves rolling over and the buoyancy of the swim bladder takes over.
It should also be noted that fish don't necessarily always float when they die. For example, if a fish dies with little to no air in its swim bladder, the act of dying doesn't magically make this bladder expand to increase buoyancy. In these cases, the fish will often sink, at which point decomposition will begin. That said, the decomposition process can sometimes result in enough gas being produced and trapped inside the fish to cause it to float to the surface.
So in short, fish float upside when they die because many of them are top heavy and posses an organ in their lower region that is filled with air.
Want to gain some daily interesting knowledge? Today I Found Out offers a free daily newsletter to help you feed your brain.


text:
Grenada, including the islands of Carriacou and Petit or Petite Martinique [about 20 miles away], is one of the small, and most southerly, of independent nations scattered among the Leeward and Windward Islands of the Eastern Caribbean. Part of a chain of islands that start north from mainland South America to the Atlantic coast of Florida, Grenada is the closest to Venezuela, about 90 miles north off its coast. Location: 12 degrees 00' N, 61 degrees 40' W, 21 miles long (35 km), 12 miles wide (20 km). The main island Grenada, of volcanic origin, is about twice the size of Washington, DC.
Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique is populated by approximately ninety thousand people. The total land area of the three islands is only one hundred thirty square miles much of the land non-habitable because of the mountainous terrain. The inhabitants include descendants of French, English and Scottish settlers. The inhabitants also include descendants of Africans who were brought to the island as slaves and East Indians brought to the island as indentured servants. The majority of the population is of African and mixed descent.
Below is a close-up map of Carriacou, Petite Martinique and the many other islands of Grenada.
Because Grenadian maps on the Internet are copyrighted, map images are not available at this site. Below are descriptions and URLs for selected Grenada map sites.
- One comprehensive topographical map of Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique is to be found at the University of Texas at Austin. - University of Texas The extension to look for is /Americas/grenada.gif/.
- A listing of conventional maps on this site at Mining Company
- Maps and Colonial History, especially of Fort George - Check out Jim Rudin's aerial photograph of St. George's.
- Inquire at Pennymead for Antique Maps
- Commercial Map site and another Commercial Map site and another The Travellers' Guide Tour Map of Grenada - The services of commercial Websites have not been evaluated.
- A street map of St. George's is a challenge to find on the Internet. The best thing is to get a map when you visit. Start with the Tourist Board. Even these maps are general, tourist-oriented and somewhat dated. There is no street map of the second largest city in Grenada called Grenville or La Baye. A map of Grenville, it is hoped, will be forthcoming.
- Many Grenadian maps are on the Internet. Suggestion: Search on "Grenada Maps" - Put those two words within quotation marks.


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Modelling : Elevator / Lift Usage
A large corporation with offices filling a 40 storey building is concerned to minimize the waiting and travel times of its employees when using the lifts, which are regularly perceived as too long at certain times of the day. It is powerless to alter the number of lifts in service; instead it seeks to model the pattern of the use of the lifts, and set rules of operation and use for the lifts which might improve the service.
It is willing to invest in any hardware or software which might help (but it cannot physically provide more lifts, or alter the lift haulage mechanism).
(a)List some features of this situation which may be relevant to a model of lift usage.
(b)What information could be collected about or from, or provided to,lift users waiting at each floor,or within the lifts, which could assist lift operations?
(c)What specific objective could be set for best practice lift operations. Give some alternative objectives which could also be set.
(d)Prune and group your list of features from (a), and (briefly) suggest some type of mathematical modelling which might prove useful in meeting an objective you have identified in (c).
Solution Summary
Lift usage with the aim of minimizing wait time is modeled. The solution is detailed and well presented.
$2.19


text:
Corsican construction tycoon Patrick Rocca was fined 150,000 euros on Tuesday for harming protected turtles on a construction site even after authorities told him to stop.
Six dead specimens of the species known as Hermann's tortoise and another "mortally wounded" animal were found when officers from France's biodiversity agency inspected the site in December 2019.
About 3.5 hectares of the habitat just outside the capital of the Mediterranean island of Ajaccio was disturbed and 2.8 hectares were destroyed, investigators found, calling for a halt to work.
But Roca's company Fortimo — one of the largest employers on the French Mediterranean island, with about 1,000 local workers — continued construction, and days later more dead turtles were found.
His conviction for mutilation and unauthorized destruction of protected animal species and their habitat follows a court ruling against Fortimo, who had to pay a fine of 500,000 euros ($540,000) and a total of 530,000 euros in damages.
Rocca's lawyer Philip Gatti called the sentences "excessive."
Corsica is one of the last places where Hermann's tortoises — the only species native to France — still live in the wild.
They are protected by France and the European Union, as well as internationally.


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Adding headers and footers
InDesign CS5 Essential Training
with David Blatner
Video: Adding headers and footers
Adding headers and footers provides you with in-depth training on Design. Taught by David Blatner as part of the InDesign CS5 Essential Training
Expand all | Collapse all
 1. 5m 50s
 1. Welcome
 1m 33s
 2. What is InDesign CS5?
 2m 26s
 3. Using the exercise files
 1m 51s
 2. 54m 49s
 1. Understanding the Application window
 6m 0s
 2. Navigating pages
 6m 39s
 3. Zooming and magnifying
 6m 57s
 4. Managing more than one document window
 3m 36s
 5. Setting rulers and measurements
 2m 9s
 6. Positioning panels correctly
 6m 28s
 7. Saving time by making workspaces
 3m 24s
 8. Setting the view quality of artwork
 4m 9s
 9. Adjusting View and Preview settings
 4m 56s
 10. Rotating pages and spreads
 3m 2s
 11. Displaying a new view with the New Window feature
 3m 29s
 12. Setting application and document preferences
 4m 0s
 3. 21m 31s
 1. Using the Tool panel
 8m 1s
 2. Learning and editing keyboard shortcuts
 6m 24s
 3. Working with spring-loaded tool shortcuts
 1m 17s
 4. Using contextual menus
 2m 51s
 5. Choosing menu items with Quick Apply
 2m 58s
 4. 45m 25s
 1. Creating new documents
 7m 28s
 2. Saving and reverting documents
 3m 41s
 3. Using multiple Undo and Revert
 4m 28s
 4. Setting margin and column guides
 5m 16s
 5. Using ruler guides
 8m 10s
 6. Bleeding colors or images off the side of the page
 4m 29s
 7. Saving objects in libraries
 4m 49s
 8. Exporting and importing page snippets
 4m 29s
 9. Saving for CS4 with IDML
 2m 35s
 5. 31m 18s
 1. Inserting, deleting, and moving pages
 7m 23s
 2. Changing page size
 6m 14s
 3. Adding page numbering
 3m 43s
 4. Changing page numbering with sections
 5m 58s
 5. Creating and applying master pages
 5m 20s
 6. Overriding master page items
 2m 40s
 6. 1h 21m
 1. Understanding text frames
 4m 6s
 2. Typing and editing text
 4m 36s
 3. Filling with placeholder text
 2m 38s
 4. Inserting special characters
 4m 43s
 5. Importing text
 7m 49s
 6. Threading text frames
 4m 1s
 7. Setting text frame columns and insets
 6m 32s
 8. Setting vertical justification and first baseline position
 6m 9s
 9. Putting text on a path
 6m 51s
 10. Using the Story Editor
 8m 43s
 11. Checking spelling
 7m 42s
 12. Using Find/Change
 9m 25s
 13. Tracking text changes
 8m 1s
 7. 49m 50s
 1. Importing graphics
 8m 11s
 2. Importing from Mini Bridge
 5m 27s
 3. Using the Links panel
 6m 34s
 4. Embedding links
 2m 37s
 5. Editing graphics in their original app
 3m 14s
 6. Fitting graphics to a frame
 6m 12s
 7. Taking advantage of image transparency and clipping paths
 4m 53s
 8. Adding live captions
 5m 56s
 9. Colorizing images
 2m 1s
 10. Turning image layers on and off
 4m 45s
 8. 46m 15s
 1. Selecting objects
 5m 32s
 2. Applying basic strokes and fills
 8m 18s
 3. Using advanced strokes
 3m 28s
 4. Adjusting transparency
 4m 38s
 5. Adding drop shadows
 6m 41s
 6. Applying feathering
 4m 25s
 7. Copying formatting with the Eyedropper tool
 4m 35s
 8. Finding and changing object formatting
 4m 50s
 9. Making polygons and starbursts
 3m 48s
 9. 22m 56s
 1. Making interactive documents
 2m 6s
 2. Adding hyperlinks
 5m 52s
 3. Building bookmarks
 3m 38s
 4. Creating buttons
 8m 57s
 5. Animating an object
 2m 23s
 10. 23m 15s
 1. Creating color swatches
 5m 52s
 2. The danger and power of unnamed colors
 4m 33s
 3. Building tint swatches
 2m 18s
 4. Creating gradient swatches
 3m 56s
 5. Applying gradients
 6m 36s
 11. 50m 0s
 1. Positioning objects with the Page Gap tool
 2m 53s
 2. Stacking objects
 2m 13s
 3. Creating and controlling layers
 3m 53s
 4. Managing objects in the Layers panel
 3m 37s
 5. Nesting objects
 2m 46s
 6. Editing frame and path shapes
 4m 6s
 7. Adding rounded corners and other corner options
 3m 57s
 8. Grouping objects
 3m 14s
 9. Locking objects
 2m 39s
 10. Aligning and distributing
 5m 43s
 11. Understanding text wrap
 8m 13s
 12. Using anchored objects
 6m 46s
 12. 18m 49s
 1. Duplicating objects
 5m 39s
 2. Rotating objects
 3m 3s
 3. Scaling objects
 3m 57s
 4. Mirroring objects
 3m 46s
 5. Using the Transform Again feature
 2m 24s
 13. 25m 52s
 1. Applying basic character styling
 7m 8s
 2. Applying advanced character formatting
 4m 54s
 3. Changing case
 2m 51s
 4. Understanding OpenType features
 3m 19s
 5. Using Find/Change for text formatting
 3m 18s
 6. Using Find Font
 4m 22s
 14. 45m 27s
 1. Applying formatting to a paragraph
 4m 14s
 2. Spanning


text:
pubs is a valid word in this word list. For a definition, see the external dictionary links below.
The word "pubs" uses 4 letters: B P S U.
No direct anagrams for pubs found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after pubs (in bold), or to bpsu in any order:
e - pubes i - pubis m - bumps r - burps
Shorter words found within pubs:
bus pub pus sub sup up ups us
List shorter words within pubs, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in pubs, plus an optional blank or existing letter
Try a search for pubs in these online resources (some words may not be found):
OneLook Dictionaries -
Each search will normally open in a new window.
List all words starting with pubs, words containing pubs or words ending with pubs
All words formed from pubs by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: pu ub bs
Browse words starting with pubs by next letter
Previous word in list: publishings
Next word in list: puccoon
Some random words: frantic


text:
4 April 2014
OECD Conference Centre, Paris
Part of the OECD's work on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and inclusive growth, this workshop focused on learning lessons from the experience of developing countries aiming to emulate apparent success stories with using SOEs as part of the development process.
Discussions addressed the following questions:
- Over the past decades, what role has been assigned to state interventionism in selected countries in the context of development strategies and industrial policy?
- How has this role been implemented through corporate action, e.g. SOEs, publicly-owned development banks or special-purpose vehicles?
- What are the main conclusions regarding the feasibility of approaches?
Background papers presented by their authors shed light on experiences with using SOEs as agents of development in Asia; South Africa; Latin America; and, the Middle East and North Africa.
Representatives from governments, the private sector, trade unions, civil society and academia attended the workshop.
See also: The role of SOEs in economic development in China
DOCUMENTS AND BACKGROUND MATERIAL
Managing state assets to achieve developmental goals: The case of Singapore and other countries in the region
Role of SOEs in India's economic development
SOEs in Brazil: History and lessons
Evolution of SOEs in South Africa
SOEs in the Middle East and North Africa English | Arabic
CONTACT - Please contact Ms. Yunhee Kim if you require further information.
Corporate governance of state-owned enterprises
Working Party on State Ownership and Privatisation Practices


text:
Recall the tree house you dreamed of as a child—or perhaps were lucky enough to own—but swap out the plywood walls for mirrored glass and your backyard for the Arctic Circle. This figment of your imagination is actually a real-life structure called The Mirrorcube, nestled among the treetops near the small village of Harads in the far north of Sweden. It's one of six two-person "hotel rooms" that make up the Treehotel, a collection of outposts for eco-tourists between the small settlements along the Lule River and the vast wilderness of the north.
Designed by Bolle Tham and Martin Videgård, co-founders and chief architects of Tham & Videgård Arkitekter in Stockholm, Sweden, The Mirrorcube reflects the natural environment surrounding it without marring it. For example, the lightweight aluminum structure is mounted directly on the tree trunk of a tall pine with clamps that do not perforate the trunk. It was built by local craftsmen who combined native know-how and natural resources with a new vision of how living among the trees could be taken to another level.
The roughly 13-by-13-by-13 foot cube is clad in highly reflective glass, creating a 360-degree view that changes based on weather, light conditions and time of year. To prevent birds from colliding with the glass, a transparent ultraviolet color visible only to birds is laminated into the glass panes. A hidden roof terrace provides a secluded space for rest in the middle of nature.
Tham and Videgård were also interested in the paradox that while humans search for authentic experiences among nature that heighten the sense of being alive, at the same time we bring protection in the form of high-tech gear, such as Gore-Tex clothing and Kevlar tents. So they incorporated these materials into the design of the Mirrorcube. "So the idea of the Mirrorcube is in part reflecting this paradox of being at the same time an abstract object standing out from its wild surroundings, but also through the effect of mirrors completely blending in, almost disappearing like a mirage among the trees," Tham says.
The demand for this camouflaged refuge among the trees is high. It has attracted visitors from around the world who come to trek through the wilderness with the Treehotel as a start or end stop, or just to relax for a few days away from the buzz of modern life.
This article was written by Sarah Whitman and originally published in Issue 07 of the Mohawk Maker Quarterly. The Mohawk Maker Quarterly is a vehicle to support a community of like-minded makers. Content focuses on stories of small manufacturers, artisans, printers, designers, and artists who are making their way in the midst of the digital revolution. Learn more about the quarterly here and sign up to receive future printed issues.


Synonyms for program
Synonyms for (noun) program
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation
Usage: the program lasted more than two hours
Similar words: performance
Definition: the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment
Usage: we congratulated him on his performance at the rehearsal; an inspired performance of Mozart's C minor concerto
Synonyms: program, programme, plan
Definition: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished
Usage: they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
Similar words: idea, thought
Definition: the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about
Usage: it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need
Usage: he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
Similar words: system, system of rules
Definition: a complex of methods or rules governing behavior
Usage: they have to operate under a system they oppose; that language has a complex system for indicating gender
Synonyms: platform, political platform, political program, program
Definition: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party
Usage: their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
Similar words: papers, written document, document
Definition: writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)
Synonyms: computer program, computer programme, program, programme
Definition: (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute
Usage: the program required several hundred lines of code
Similar words: software, software package, software program, software system, package, computer software
Usage: the market for software is expected to expand
Synonyms: program, programme, broadcast
Definition: a radio or television show
Usage: did you see his program last night?
Similar words: show
Definition: a social event involving a public performance or entertainment
Usage: they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway
Synonyms: syllabus, curriculum, course of study, program, programme
Definition: an integrated course of academic studies
Usage: he was admitted to a new program at the university
Similar words: info, information
Definition: a message received and understood
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event
Usage: you can't tell the players without a program
Similar words: promulgation, announcement
Synonyms for (verb) program
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: arrange a program of or for
Usage: program the 80th birthday party
Similar words: schedule
Definition: make a schedule; plan the time and place for events
Usage: I scheduled an exam for this afternoon
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: write a computer program
Similar words: create by mental act, create mentally
Definition: create mentally and abstractly rather than with one's hands
Visual thesaurus for program


text:
Computes and Transmits Meaningful Data
- Computes and sends 6 running dynamics metrics to your compatible device
- Battery life: replaceable battery lasts up to 1 year (assuming 1 hour daily use)
- Automatically turns itself on and off
- Tiny size: at less than 0.5 ounces, you'll forget it's there
- Compatible devices connect with the Garmin Connect Mobile app to automatically sync your data and connect with others
Train Hard, Run Free
The Running Dynamics Pod easily clips onto your waistband to measure the running dynamics you need to beat yesterday. It gives you the option to run without a heart rate monitor chest strap. Once paired with your compatible smartwatch, just clip it to the back and center of your waistband and start your run.
Review Your Form
View and analyze important running metrics such as your cadence, stride length, ground contact time and balance, vertical oscillation and vertical ratio. These biomechanical measurements can help you understand your running form so you can perform better on race day.
How It Works:
The Running Dynamics Pod has an accelerometer in the module that measures torso movement to calculate these 6 running metrics:
- Cadence is the number of steps per minute. It displays the total steps (right and left combined).
- Ground contact time balance displays the left/right balance of your ground contact time while running. It displays a percentage. For example, 53.2 with an arrow pointing left or right.
- Stride length is the length of your stride from 1 footfall to the next. It is measured in meters.
- Vertical oscillation is your bounce while running. It displays the vertical motion of your torso, measured in centimeters for each step.
- Vertical ratio is the ratio of vertical oscillation to stride length. It displays a percentage. A lower number typically indicates better running form.
- Ground contact time is the amount of time in each step that you spend on the ground while running. It is measured in milliseconds.


Investigation of the Effect of the Tortuous Pore Structure on Water Diffusion through a Polymer Film Using Lattice Boltzmann Simulations
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2015
Understanding how the pore structure influences the mass transport through a porous material is important in several applications, not the least in the design of polymer film coatings intended to control drug release. In this study, a polymer film made of ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose was investigated. The 3D structure of the films was first experimentally characterized using confocal laser scanning microscopy data and then mathematically reconstructed for the whole film thickness. Lattice Boltzmann simulations were performed to compute the effective diffusion coefficient of water in the film and the results were compared to experimental data. The local porosities and pore sizes were also analyzed to determine how the properties of the internal film structure affect the water effective diffusion coefficient. The results show that the top part of the film has lower porosity, lower pore size, and lower connectivity, which results in a much lower effective diffusion coefficient in this part, largely determining the diffusion rate through the entire film. Furthermore, the local effective diffusion coefficients were not proportional to the local film porosity, indicating that the results cannot be explained by a single tortuosity factor. In summary, the proposed methodology of combining microscopy data, mass transport simulations, and pore space analysis can give valuable insights on how the film structure affects the mass transport through the film.
transport through a porous material
Lattice Boltzmann method
Tobias Gebäck
Chalmers, Matematiska vetenskaper, Matematik
SuMo Biomaterials
Göteborgs universitet
M. Marucci
AstraZeneca AB
SuMo Biomaterials
Catherine Boissier
AstraZeneca AB
Johan Arnehed
AstraZeneca AB
Alexey Geynts
Chalmers, Matematiska vetenskaper, Matematik
Göteborgs universitet
Journal of Physical Chemistry B
_PHONE_ (ISSN) _PHONE_ (eISSN)
Vol. 119 16 5220-5227
Fysikalisk kemi
Mer information
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text:
- Value is a concrete instance of a certain type.
- Nodes can contain both child nodes and key/value pairs.
- Nodes and keys get created on the fly if they don't exist.
The only requirement that
XmlConfiguration imposes on values is that they must be convertible to string and back. This requirement actually comes from the fact that the underlying storage is an XML file; the
TreeConfiguration itself does not impose any such requirements.
The list of types that can be managed using the
XmlConfiguration includes all.NET primitive types (
DateTime etc.) and FCL types that support generic type conversion by means of the
TypeConverter class. Types like
Rectangle (all from the
System.Drawing namespace) are just some of the examples of FCL types that can be managed using the
XmlConfiguration right out of the box. (You can find a detailed discussion about type conversion issues here.)
The general rule is: whatever type can be edited as a single property in the Visual Studio Property Browser should also be suitable for use with the
XmlConfiguration. For any other types, there is no magic—you have to help to make conversion happen by writing a type converter.
The generic type conversion implies that the managed types are simple enough so that their instances can be represented by a single string. This isn't really a big problem because the individual configuration settings are typically either primitive types or otherwise very simple types such as
Size etc. (And even if a type instance cannot be represented with a single string, it can always be broken down to pieces that can.)
In any case, the
XmlConfiguration doesn't limit support to only built-in FCL types. It can work with user-defined types as well, provided that you implement a
TypeConverter-derived type converter for them. The source code package comes with a simple example that shows how to build one.
Search and Removal
From time to time you'll want to check if a single key or node exists, remove it, or even erase the complete hierarchy. The following example shows these operations:
bool valueExists = cfg["/Database/Login/Username"]!= null;
cfg["/Database/Login/Username"] = null;
ConfigurationNode n = cfg.FindNode("/Database/Login");
bool nodeExists = n!= null;
bool hasSubNodes = n.HasSubNodes;
bool hasKeys = n.HasKeys;
bool isEmpty = n.Empty;
bool removed = cfg.RemoveNode("/Database/Login");
Most of the configuration settings are inherently static: they get stored in a fixed, predefined location in the configuration hierarchy and their data size is constant. Managing this kind of settings is easy because everything is known in advance: a setting can be referenced using a hard-coded path and the code can make safe assumptions about the content structure.
On the other side, some configuration settings, such as the list of most recently opened documents, have a dynamic structure: the size of the data is variable and it may even happen that there is no data at all. In terms of configuration elements, a node that represents dynamic settings contains a variable number of subnodes and key/value pairs.
In order to read the content of a dynamic setting, the content has to be made discoverable. For that reason the
TreeConfiguration class exposes the node content in the form of collections of subnodes, keys and values. These three collections are accessible through corresponding named properties
ICollection subNodes = cfg.Nodes["/node1/node2/node3"];
foreach (ConfigurationNode n in subNodes)
ICollection keys = cfg.Keys["/node1/node2/node3"];
foreach (string key in keys)
ICollection values = cfg.Values["/node1/node2/node3"];
foreach (object value in values)
(Make sure you check the file Test.cs for concrete examples.)
Managing culture-specific data
Type conversion quite often results in formatted strings: for example, numbers are presented with decimal and thousands separators, dates are presented with date and time separators etc. The resulting string format is culture-dependent.
Storing culture-sensitive formatted strings without culture information used to produce them is often an expensive mistake. The initial version of the
XmlConfiguration did not store any culture information, often making it impossible to correctly read a configuration file in an environment that has a different regional setting from the one the file was created in.
To reliably convert formatted strings back to concrete types,
TypeConverter needs the information about the culture used for the conversion. This is why the
XmlConfiguration type now exposes a string property named
Culture to identify the culture used in type conversions.
By default, if
Culture property is not set, the
XmlConfiguration will use
CultureInfo.CurrentCulture for all type conversions. When specifying the culture use standard names, as in the following example:
XmlConfiguration cfg = new XmlConfiguration(...);
cfg.Culture = "fr-FR";
Culture info can also be specified for each individual
ConfigurationNode node. Culture info specified for a concrete node applies to all its subnodes and key/value pairs. In fact, setting the
XmlConfiguration.Culture property just sets the
Culture property of the root
ConfigurationNode. If there are no subnodes that override the root node setting, culture info applies to the whole configuration. The following example shows how to set and override culture info:
XmlConfiguration cfg = new XmlConfiguration(...);
float number = 123.456F;
DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
cfg.Culture = "fr-FR";
cfg["/french/number"] = number; cfg["/french/date"] = now;
ConfigurationNode rootNode = cfg.FindNode("/");
ConfigurationPath path = new ConfigurationPath("southafrican");
ConfigurationNode subNode = rootNode.CreateSubNode(path);
subNode.Culture = "af-ZA";
subNode["number"] = number; subNode["date"] = now;
(For a more detailed example, check the Test.cs file.)
Can't wait to try it! What's in the package?
The package contains two projects:
TreeConfiguration class library.
- Files that implement the actual functionality: TreeConfiguration.cs, ConfigurationNode.cs, ConfigurationPath.cs, XmlConfiguration.cs, CustomTypeConverter.cs and TreeConfiguration.xsd;
- Home-made unit testing framework: UnitTest.cs;
- Functionality tests executed by the unit testing framework: Test.cs;
- Documentation: docs\*.xml files, a help file generated by NDoc, and an NDoc project file used to build it.
- A sample console application that does nothing but runs all the tests against the
A home-made unit testing framework was added to the package only to avoid having dependencies to a third-party framework that some readers might not have on their machines. Under normal circumstances, something like TestDriven.NET would be more appropriate.
The tests in the Test.cs file not only verify the correctness of the given functionality but also demonstrate all aspects of usage. This file is the first place to look for the answers to any questions you might have.
In order to test the serialization of certain FCL classes, the TreeConfiguration project contains a few otherwise unnecessary references to assemblies such as
To build the documentation help file such as the one that is part of the package (TreeConfiguration.chm), you will need NDoc. The project source code files themselves contain no comments—only references to external files where the actual comments are. When the project gets built, all those references to individual documentation files in the docs subfolder get analyzed and the corresponding files get compiled into a single resulting XML documentation file. NDoc uses that file to build a help file in a number of different formats.
And that pretty much rounds up this idyllic story about the
TreeConfiguration. I just hope that the reality won't distort it too much, and that you'll find the code usable.
- Added support for managing data stored in a culture-specific format.
- Fixed reading of manually created XML configuration files that contain comments.


text:
Chart Lesson - The Missing Cross
Why is the preaching of the cross missing from so many churches? Perhaps it is because it is missing from so much of the Bible. Learn how to find the preaching of the cross and why it is only found in Paul's epistles. Taught by Jeremey Johnson Grace Ambassadors Bible Fellowship - Dec 8th, 2012
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text:
More in Outdoors
Start by placing a pre-poured concrete slab where the base of the stairs will be (Image 1). (This will not be necessary in all cases.) Since this spiral staircase is coming off of the existing deck, we need to build a wooden template of the metal upper deck platform. Since the center support pole will be on the edge of the pad, we have to determine where it will land at the bottom. A plumb line ensures us an accurate calculation of where the pole's base plate will go (Image 2). If necessary, remove some of the railing around the porch to make access to the staircase (Image 3). (This will not be necessary in all cases.) Use a drill and a hammer to remove the spindles of the railing, but leave the handrails for support.
Once the plumb line has determined where the base plate will go, trace a circle around the base plate on the concrete slab. Also be sure to mark where the holes for the lag bolts will be. Drill pilot holes into the concrete where the lag bolts will go. Insert plastic anchors into the holes and ratchet the lag bolts into place, securing the base plate. Slide the pole into place on the base plate. The pole may need to be hammered into place to ensure that it is securely attached to the base plate.
Slide each riser onto the pole, alternating each step from side to side to maintain balance and weight distribution. Once all the stairs are on the pole, slide the upper deck platform into place (Images 1 and 2). Level the platform in all directions and then bolt it to the joists under the deck. Next determine the rise measurement, first measure the length of the pole from the floor to the upper landing. Then divide the distance by the number of steps. That determines where each riser will be installed. Then bolt each riser into place and tighten with an Allen wrench. Make sure each riser is level. Once the last riser is bolted into place, drill pilot holes into the concrete pad to secure the poles plate. Use lag bolts to secure the plate firmly into place.
Unfurl the metal handrail into the diameter of the staircase (Images 1 and 2). Once the diameter is reached, pull the handrail the distance of the staircase. It doesn't have to be exact, slight adjustments can be made later. Three spindles are added to each step and wrenched into place. The handrail is screwed to the top of each spindle. Use a hacksaw to cut the guard rail to the appropriate size. Secure the guard rail into place on the existing railing of the upper deck. Remove the original handrail from the entrance of the staircase.
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The Vice President Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu today advised youth to turn the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic into opportunities.
Addressing the gathering after presentation of certificates to the trainees at Swarna Bharat Trust, Vijayawada, the Vice President underlined that while the pandemic has impacted many sectors, it has also opened avenues in many others.
Noting that more than 65 percent of the population is under the age of 35, Shri Naidu reiterated that if we can utilize these human resources, youth and women can become key partners in furthering our nation's growth. With these great human resources, we can shape the future world, he added. In this regard, he recalled various efforts of the State and Central governments to up-skill the youth and called for intensification of these programmes. Emphasising that skilling must be in tune with the 21st century needs, the Vice President called for private participation in this field.
Stressing that the GDP growth is not the sole indicator for a country's progress, Shri Naidu said that people's empowerment is the real progress. He also emphasised that we must invest and formulate policies with long term benefits rather than focusing on short term gains. Talking about the ongoing pandemic, the Vice President observed that health is much more important than wealth and pandemic has proved this once again. Noting that the death rate in India is far less compared to other countries, Shri Naidu called upon people to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
While distributing the certificates to trainees on completion of their courses, Shri Naidu appreciated the students for having utilised the online learning tools well during the lockdown period. He also commended the efforts of Swarna Bharat Trust for empowering women and youth through skill development and helping the needy during the lockdown period. The event was attended by trainees and staff of Swarna Bharat Trust, Vijayawada.


text:
Stability of Channel by Armorplatingby Dasel E. Hallmark,
George L. Smith,
Serial Information: Journal of the Waterways and Harbors Division, 1965, Vol. 91, Issue 3, Pg. 117-138
Document Type: Journal Paper
The results of experimental and theoretical investigations are presented for certain sediment characteristics found pertinent to the control of localized scour in alluvial channels. The relationship between fall velocity of the sediment particle, velocity at the beginning of sediment motion, tractive force, and bed shear velocity is developed in terms of the nominal particle diameter. An example on the practical use of the data is provided. All results are presented in the form of graphs.
Subject Headings: Particle velocity | Armor units | Channel stabilization | Sediment transport | Fluid velocity | Alluvial channels | Shear forces | Scour | Bed materials
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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text:
ANSI Common Lisp 6 Iteration 6.1 The LOOP Facility 6.1.1 Overview of the Loop Facility
188.8.131.52 DestructuringThe d-type-spec argument is used for destructuring. If the d-type-spec argument consists solely of the type fixnum, float, t, or nil, the of-type keyword is optional. The of-type construct is optional in these cases to provide backwards compatibility; thus, the following two expressions are the same:
;;; This expression uses the old syntax for type specifiers. (loop for i fixnum upfrom 3...) ;;; This expression uses the new syntax for type specifiers. (loop for i of-type fixnum upfrom 3...) ;; Declare X and Y to be of type VECTOR and FIXNUM respectively. (loop for (x y) of-type (vector fixnum) in l do...)
Destructuring allows binding of a set of variables to a corresponding set of values anywhere that a value can normally be bound to a single variable. During loop expansion, each variable in the variable list is matched with the values in the values list. If there are more variables in the variable list than there are values in the values list, the remaining variables are given a value of nil. If there are more values than variables listed, the extra values are discarded.
To assign values from a list to the variables a, b, and c, the for clause could be used to bind the variable numlist to the car of the supplied form, and then another for clause could be used to bind the variables a, b, and c sequentially.
;; Collect values by using FOR constructs. (loop for numlist in '((1 2 4.0) (5 6 8.3) (8 9 10.4)) for a of-type integer = (first numlist) and b of-type integer = (second numlist) and c of-type float = (third numlist) collect (list c b a)) ((4.0 2 1) (8.3 6 5) (10.4 9 8))
Destructuring makes this process easier by allowing the variables to be bound in each loop iteration. Types can be declared by using a list of type-spec arguments. If all the types are the same, a shorthand destructuring syntax can be used, as the second example illustrates.
;; Destructuring simplifies the process. (loop for (a b c) of-type (integer integer float) in '((1 2 4.0) (5 6 8.3) (8 9 10.4)) collect (list c b a)) ((4.0 2 1) (8.3 6 5) (10.4 9 8)) ;; If all the types are the same, this way is even simpler. (loop for (a b c) of-type float in '((1.0 2.0 4.0) (5.0 6.0 8.3) (8.0 9.0 10.4)) collect (list c b a)) ((4.0 2.0 1.0) (8.3 6.0 5.0) (10.4 9.0 8.0))
;; Initialize and declare variables in parallel by using the AND construct. (loop with (a b) of-type float = '(1.0 2.0) and (c d) of-type integer = '(3 4) and (e f) return (list a b c d e f)) (1.0 2.0 3 4 NIL NIL)
If nil is used in a destructuring list, no variable is provided for its place.
(loop for (a nil b) = '(1 2 3) do (return (list a b))) (1 3)
Note that dotted lists can specify destructuring.
(loop for (x. y) = '(1. 2) do (return y)) 2 (loop for ((a. b) (c. d)) of-type ((float. float) (integer. integer)) in '(((1.2. 2.4) (3. 4)) ((3.4. 4.6) (5. 6))) collect (list a b c d)) ((1.2 2.4 3 4) (3.4 4.6 5 6))
An error of type program-error is signaled (at macro expansion time) if the same variable is bound twice in any variable-binding clause of a single loop expression. Such variables include local variables, iteration control variables, and variables found by destructuring.


text:
Green Growth Wales »The proposed Green Growth Wales fund aims to increase and accelerate projects to deliver green investment in Wales.Learn more »
New figures show a big rise in the number of affordable homes in Wales
The Welsh Government is on course to meet its ambitious target of providing 10,000 additional affordable homes by May 2016.
- International tourism to Wales increasing
- Regeneration is central to tackling poverty and encouraging economic growth, says Minister at national summit
- New figures show a big rise in the number of affordable homes in Wales
In this section
- Business and economy
- Children and young people
- Culture and sport
- Education and skills
- Environment and countryside
- Equality and diversity
- Health and social care
- Review of the existing policy on disposal of higher activity radioactive waste
- Human Transplantation (Wales) Act 2013: new regulations
- National Training Framework on gender-based violence, domestic abuse and sexual violence
- Extending access to intermediary services for descendants and relatives of adopted people
- Review of the Childcare Sufficiency Assessment Duty on Local Authorities
- Travelling to better health
Section highlightHousing (Wales) Act 2014The Act introduces significant improvements across the housing sector to ensure that people have access to a decent, affordable home and better housing-related services.
Legislative programme 2014 - 2015 »
Bills that the Welsh Government will bring forward in 2014/2015.Learn more »
Section highlightWales for Africa grant
The Wales for Africa grant supports projects that build mutually beneficial links between Wales and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Draft Budget 2015-16 »
The amount of funding allocated to Welsh Government Departments for 2015-16 is £15·3bn.Learn more »
- Statistics & Research
- Affordable housing provision
- Assembly Learning Grants (ALG) awarded to Welsh domiciled further education students
- Delayed transfers of care
- Evaluation of the Education Maintenance Allowance and Assembly Learning Grant
- Great Britain Day Visits Survey
- Great Britain Tourism Survey
- Jobs Growth Wales
- Reserves held by schools
Upcoming calendar »
See the schedule for all statistics and research releases.View upcoming calendar »
An annual report which includes information on registered members, accreditation, projects, workforce and finance.
- Around 117,200 young people were registered members of the statutory Youth Work provision in Wales. This figure represented 20 per cent of the population of 11 to 25 year olds in Wales.
- Around 12,300 young people received a nationally recognised accreditation during the year, representing 11 per cent of the registered membership.
- At March 2014, there were 811 full-time equivalent (FTE) Youth Work delivery staff working across local authorities in Wales.
- The total income and expenditure for Youth Work provision in 2013-14 was over £40 million
Tel: _PHONE_ 3357


or deprecated to support this feature. This feature can be used to detect tethering for users using stealth tethering applications such as FoxFi, EasyTether, and so on.
The DNS-based solution is implemented to address the deficiencies that other incumbent solutions had in detecting IPv6 tethered flows. Once the flow is classified as tethered from first SYN or mid-flow SYN , that flow will remain tethered throughout the lifetime of the flow. This feature provides the capability to limit the number of SYN packets that need to be analyzed on the same flow. The max-syn-packet-in-flow command in the ACS Rulebase Configuration mode is configured to limit the maximum number of SYN packets to be analyzed for tethering detection.
The flow end-condition tethering-signature-change command in the ACS Rulebase Configuration mode is configured to control the behavior of mid-flow EDR generation due to tethering signature change. The Tethering Detection feature is enhanced to support tethering detection bypass based on Interface ID. Only one Interface ID can be configured for tethering detection bypass in the active-charging service. IPv4 tethering detection and UA-based tethering detection is not impacted. The Tethering Detection database files must be populated and loaded on to the ASR chassis by the administrator. The procedure to load the database is the same for all the different databases.
Before the database s can be loaded for the first time, tethering detection must be enabled using the tethering-database CLI command in the ACS Configuration Mode. For all the databases, only a full upgrade of a database file is supported. Incremental upgrade is not supported. If, for any particular database, the upgrade procedure fails, the system will revert back to the previous working version of that database. This can be used to collect os-signatures that can then be used to build an OS database for the tethering detection feature.
This section provides an overview of loading and upgrading the databases used in tethering detection. Any further upgrades to the database files can be done by placing the file named new-filename in the designated directory path. ACS auto-detects the presence of files available for upgrade daily. When a new version of a file is found, the upgrade process is triggered. The upgrade can also be forced by running the upgrade command in the CLI. On a successful upgrade this file is renamed to filename. This section describes the Tethering Detection configuration.
NY Attorney General sues Bitfinex and Tether to unearth "fraud being carried out" by the firms
The following examples illustrate two different implementations of the Tethering Detection configuration. The following type of configuration is suitable where ECS performance is critical and the operator wants to put in a flat charging plan in place for all the tethered traffic.
In such a scenario, addition of a single new ruledef to the configuration suffices. The introduction of an additional coordination group in the bidentate spiro aminophosphine ligand L6 led to a very stable and efficient catalyst for the AH of simple ketones 27, affording the chiral alcohols 28 in up to Moreover, chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity can often be different from that of AH.
In the ATH process, the transition-metal catalyst is able to abstract a hydride and a proton from the hydrogen donor and deliver them to the carbonyl moiety of the ketone. A major drawback of using i -PrOH is the reaction reversibility, giving limited conversions and affecting the enantiomeric purity of the products after long reaction times. The use of formic acid can overcome these drawbacks, although only a narrow range of catalysts that tolerate formic acid is available.
In parallel with the discovery of efficient ruthenium catalysts for AH, Noyori and co-workers found a prototype of chiral arene Ru II catalysts of type C8 bearing N -sulfonated 1,2-diamines e. It was first disclosed by Noyori, that a N-H moiety is necessary for an efficient transfer of hydrogen from the metal hydride. In contrast, H 2 -hydrogenation is less successful when using this system.
There is a continuing search for stable catalysts that would not degrade easily during the hydrogenation process, thus making it possible to execute as many as possible catalytic cycles. The complexes C11 and C12 were not isolated but used in situ. In this respect the development of catalysts with similar properties to replace platinum-group metals is very desirable from both the economic and environmental points of view.
In fact, iron is cheap and ubiquitous, and its traces in final products are not as serious a problem as traces of ruthenium, for example Morris, A range of aryl, alkyl, cyclic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic ketones were hydrogenated under 50 bar of H 2 with a combination of inexpensive Cu OAc 2 and monodentate binaphthophosphepine ligand L17 Junge et al.
Owing to the stronger bonding of Os compared to Ru, robust and thermally stable complexes can be obtained, which is important for achieving highly productive catalysts. The main disadvantage, however, is the low solubility of the homogenous metal catalysts and most of the organic substrates when going from organic to aqueous media, which may be reflected in a reduced activity and selectivity. To circumvent this, either hydrophilic, often charged, functionalities can be introduced to ligands to render the catalysts water-soluble, or different surfactants can be added in order to solvate the reaction partners, although in some cases water-insoluble catalysts can deliver a superior activity and selectivity.
The latter catalyst system appeared to be quite stable, since it could be recycled six times with little loss of performance. Similarly, an in-situ -prepared catalytic complex from the proline-functionalized ligand L21 and [RuCl 2 p -cymene ] 2 in a ratio showed good activity for the aqueous ATH of acetophenone-type ketones as well as bicyclic ketones Manville et al.
Tether Forces Bitcoin to Achieve $7,500, Crypto Market Adds $20 Billion
The tethered Rh complex C20 reported by Wills acts as a very productive catalyst for aqueous-reduction as it continues to turnover a reaction at low loadings, even at 0. The chiral aqua Ir III -complex C21 bearing non-sulfonated diamine was shown to be very flexible in the ATH of -cyano- and -nitroacetophenones as the reaction can be conducted at pH 2 formic acid as well as at pH 5. Surfactants are often added as co-solvents to obtain a sufficient solubility of the reactants, products and metal catalysts, thus retaining the activity and selectivity of the hydrogenation process.
 - ECS Administration Guide, StarOS Release 21.4.
 - Author Q&A: Sarah V. Schweig | Tethered by Letters.
 - Catalyst (Tethered, #1) by Jennifer Snyder.
 - MacOS Catalina hands-on review.
 - The Real Christ?
 - Sustainable Tourism - Definition, Bedeutung und Entwicklung dargestellt am Beispiel Südamerikas (German Edition)?
 - Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones?
 - It is notable that catalysts embedded in these micro-reactors can be separated from the organic phase and reused for at least six times without any loss of activity and enantioselectivity. In recent years ionic liquids ILs have attracted an increasing interest because of their non-volatility, non-flammability and low toxicity. Additionally, ILs are capable of immobilizing homogenous catalysts and facilitating the recycling of catalysts. Ideally, organic products can be easily separated by extraction with a less polar solvent and the IL phase containing catalyst can be reused.
 Such an immobilization of catalysts also promises to prevent the leaching of toxic metals into the organic products, which is especially desirable in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates. In contrast, the catalyst activity showed a remarkable drop with each cycle, and therefore the reaction times had to be prolonged for high conversions. Homogenous hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation may be mechanistically closely related because both reactions involve a metal hydride species under catalytic conditions, thus sharing a multistep pathway of hydride transfer to the ketone, i.
 Applied only to the transfer hydrogenation, direct hydrogen transfer Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verly reaction from the metal alkoxyide to the ketone without the involvement of metal hydrides proceeding through a six-membered transition state has also been proposed, and is typical for non-transition metals e.
 Noyori and co-workers proposed metal-ligand bifunctional catalysis for their Ru catalysts containing chiral phosphine-amine ligands and for arene Ru-diamine catalysts, which consequently resulted in a widely accepted mechanism to be responsible for the highly enantio-selective hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of prochiral ketones Noyori et al. The actual catalysts, Ru-hydrides 31 or 34, are usually created in a basic alcoholic solution under H 2 or not at the beginning of the catalytic reaction from the Ru precursors 30 or Note that only the