Our Sun, Our Earth and Our Hanuman! The mystery?
Namaskar! This is Muthu Kumaar Narayanan from just_ambi_things making my very first blog for Daddyoda. just_ambi_things is my artist account in Instagram and Twitter in which I write poems and puns (Thamizh and English) and also have a plan to do something with my mic in future 😉
As a reader, I've encountered a variety of books and blogs. My favorite categories have always been personal finance & investment, yoga & spirituality, Sanatan Dharma (Hinduism) & the science behind it, etc. It's my pleasure to decode Sanskrit shlokas and find meaning for them. Our ancestors were too brilliant and no words could serve their intelligence.
Today, I am writing about the distance between the Earth and the Sun. What's interesting about it? We can Google it right? Wait dude! You are having modern technologies today to find it. But, is it not interesting if I say that our ancestors predicted it way back? Stay tuned!
One such amusing discovery is attributed to Hanuman Chalisa in which the distance between the Earth and the Sun was mentioned. Basically, Hanuman Chalisa consists of 40 verses praising Lord Hanuman written by Goswami Tulsidas, a Saint and a Poet. Thus the name "Chalisa" as Chalis means 40 in Hindi. It was written during the 15th century AD, if I am not wrong.
Here's the 18th verse of Hanuman Chalisa:
Yuga Sahasra Yojana Para Bhaanuu |
Liilyo Taahi Madhura Phala Jaanuu ||
It means "You flew towards the sun who is thousands of years of Yojanas away, thinking of him as a sweet fruit".
Look at the first line carefully. Let's get the meaning for it.
Yuga means year;
Sahasra is thousand;
Yojana is distance of about 8 miles approximately;
Para refers to the word "away"; The Sun is referred to as Bhaanuu.
If you want to learn the meaning of the second line, here are the keywords:
All the measurements are in the first line. As I've mentioned earlier, yuga means a year. But it is not to be construed as one year. In Hinduism, we have read about years for humans and Gods. Say, one year for God amounts to "x" number of years for humans. It's a big topic, so I'm keeping it away as of now. One yuga amounts to 12000 years here. Sahasra refers to 1000 or 1000 times. As said, yojana is a distance of 8 miles approximately.
Here's the computation:
When you multiply all these 3 numbers, that is 12000*1000*8, you get 96 million miles. When you convert that to Kilometers, you get 153.6 Million KMs (1 mile = 1.6 KM approx).
The Google result shows 152 million KMs approx! Isn't that amazing? It is a too-close call even without any modern technologies!
But wait! Though it's understood as a minor error, there may be 3 reasons attached to it as follows:
1. Conversion difference between miles and KMs.
2. There's no standard or fixed measure for Yojana. Though it's understood as 8 miles, it's also referred to distance of 8 to 15 kilometers. There are also references citing different metrics. Once again, there are some conversion issues.
3. This is purely out of my thoughts and I don't have any idea about it. But it can also be the reason. I think there will be some planetary movements as far as the arrangement factors are concerned. So, there can be a little displacement of the Earth and Sun today in comparison to the period during which Hanuman Chalisa or the original reference (if so) was written.
Well, I guess you are happy with what I've written. Hope I've kindled a sense of inquisitiveness in your minds about the ancient science of Bharat. This is Muthu Kumaar Narayanan signing off! Happy reading!
Pics: Karan Acharya (_URL_
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References: wikipedia.org and aumamen.com
Disclaimer: I am no expert in Sanskrit. This post is made out of my research and curiosity. Please do your own research.


, and to prevent safety routine checkers from disasters during safety inspection checks, multirobots are suggested to do the job of safety inspection rather than human beings and single robots. Multirobots are preferred because the inspection task will be done in the minimum amount of time. This paper proposes a cooperative behaviour for a multirobot system (MRS to achieve a preentry safety inspection in underground terrains. A hybrid QLACS swarm intelligent model based on Q-Learning (QL and the Ant Colony System (ACS was proposed to achieve this cooperative behaviour in MRS. The intelligent model was developed by harnessing the strengths of both QL and ACS algorithms. The ACS optimizes the routes used for each robot while the QL algorithm enhances the cooperation between the autonomous robots. A description of a communicating variation within the QLACS model for cooperative behavioural purposes is presented. The performance of the algorithms in terms of without communication, with communication, computation time, path costs, and the number of robots used was evaluated by using a simulation approach. Simulation results show achieved cooperative behaviour between robots.
 3. Insulation system for high temperature superconductor cables
 Michael, P. C.; Haight, A. E.; Bromberg, L.; Kano, K.
 2015-12-01
 Large-scale superconductor applications, like fusion magnets, require high-current capacity conductors to limit system inductance and peak operating voltage. Several cabling methods using high temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes are presently under development so that the unique high-field, high-current-density, high operating temperature characteristics of 2nd generation REBCO coated conductors can be utilized in next generation fusion devices. Large-scale magnets are generally epoxy impregnated to support and distribute electromagnetic stresses through the magnet volume. However, the present generation of REBCO coated conductors are prone to delamination when tensile stresses are applied to the broad surface of REBCO tapes; this can occur during epoxy cure, cooldown, or magnet energization. We present the development of an insulation system which effectively insulates HTS cabled conductors at high withstand voltage while simultaneously preventing the intrusion of the epoxy impregnant into the cable, eliminating degradation due to conductor delamination. We also describe a small-scale coil test program to demonstrate the cable insulation scheme and present preliminary test results.
 4. Modeling of Pressure Effects in HVDC Cables
 Szabo, Peter; Hassager, Ole; Strøbech, Esben
 1999-01-01
 A model is developed for the prediction of pressure effects in HVDC mass impregnatedcables as a result of temperature changes.To test the model assumptions, experiments were performed in cable like geometries.It is concluded that the model may predict the formation of gas cavities....
 5. Dynamic Loadability of Cable Based Transmission Grids
 Olsen, Rasmus Schmidt
 supervised 2 master projects, as well as 5 special courses at DTU. Furthermore I created and taught a cable course, with approximately 25 students, throughout 13 weeks during the spring of 2011. The PhD project has until now contributed with 3 journal papers and 4 conference papers. Selected papers can be...
 6. Dutch VULA consumer market services over Cable
 Anoniem
 2015-01-01
 KPN offers a virtual unbundled local access wholesale service over its DSL infrastructure. This offer has been accepted by the Dutch Authority Consumer Market. In the report, it is argued that for consumer market services, the Dutch cable providers can develop an equivalent wholesale service from th
 7. Study on Impedance Characteristics of Aircraft Cables
 Weilin Li
 2016-01-01
 Full Text Available Voltage decrease and power loss in distribution lines of aircraft electric power system are harmful to the normal operation of electrical equipment and may even threaten the safety of aircraft. This study investigates how the gap distance (the distance between aircraft cables and aircraft skin and voltage frequency (variable frequency power supply will be adopted for next generation aircraft will affect the impedance of aircraft cables. To be more precise, the forming mechanism of cable resistance and inductance is illustrated in detail and their changing trends with frequency and gap distance are analyzed with the help of electromagnetic theoretical analysis. An aircraft cable simulation model is built with Maxwell 2D and the simulation results are consistent with the conclusions drawn from the theoretical analysis. The changing trends of the four core parameters of interest are analyzed: resistance, inductance, reactance, and impedance. The research results can be used as reference for the applications in Variable Speed Variable Frequency (VSVF aircraft electric power system.
 8. History of cable-stayed bridges
 Gimsing, Niels Jørgen
 1999-01-01
 The principle of supporting a bridge deck by inclined tension members leading to towers on either side of the span has been known for centuries. However, the real development of cable-stayed bridges did not begin before the 1950s. Since then the free span has been increased from 183 m in the Strö...
 9. Integration of HTS Cables in the Future Grid of the Netherlands
 Zuijderduin, R.; Chevtchenko, O.; Smit, J. J.; Aanhaanen, G.; Melnik, I.; Geschiere, A.
 Due to increasing power demand, the electricity grid of the Netherlands is changing. The future transmission grid will obtain electrical power generated by decentralized renewable sources, together with large scale generation units located at the coastal region. In this way electrical power has to be distributed and transmitted over longer distances from generation to end user. Potential grid issues like: amount of distributed power, grid stability and electrical loss dissipation merit particular attention. High temperature superconductors (HTS) can play an important role in solving these grid problems. Advantages to integrate HTS components at transmission voltages are numerous: more transmittable power together with less emissions, intrinsic fault current limiting capability, lower ac loss, better control of power flow, reduced footprint, less magnetic field emissions, etc. The main obstacle at present is the relatively high price of HTS conductor. However as the price goes down, initial market penetration of several HTS components (e.g.: cables, fault current limiters) is expected by year 2015. In the full paper we present selected ways to integrate EHV AC HTS cables depending on a particular future grid scenario in the Netherlands.
 10. Possibility of high level waste underground disposal
 The possibility that the high level wastes disposed underground return to the biosphere again is the dissolution and transport of radioactive nuclides by underground water. As the strata suitable to underground disposal, rock salt strata without underground water, and granite or shale strata in which the movement of underground water is slight are enumerated as the candidates. Wastes are formed into solidified bodies like glass, moreover the technical measures such as canisters and overpacks are applied, therefore even if underground water intrudes into the places of disposal, radioactive nuclides can be contained for considerable time. At the time of selecting the most suitable stratum and designing and evaluating the place of disposal to construct the underground disposal system with high potential for high level wastes, it is necessary to predict the movement of radioactive nuclides from the dissolution into underground water to the return to the biosphere. The potential danger of high level wastes, the danger of high level wastes disposed underground, the effect of isolation distance (the thickness of strata), and the comparison of the danger due to uranium ore and slag and the places of underground disposal are explained. The danger due to uranium ore and slag occurs early and lasts long, and is 1000 times as dangerous as the high level wastes disposed underground. (Kako, I.)
 11. Cable deformation simulation and a hierarchical framework for Nb{sub 3}Sn Rutherford cables
 Arbelaez, D; Prestemon, S O; Ferracin, P; Godeke, A; Dietderich, D R; Sabbi, G, E-mail: _EMAIL_ [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)
 2010-06-01
 Knowledge of the three-dimensional strain state induced in the superconducting filaments due to loads on Rutherford cables is essential to analyze the performance of Nb{sub 3}Sn magnets. Due to the large range of length scales involved, we develop a hierarchical computational scheme that includes models at both the cable and strand levels. At the Rutherford cable level, where the strands are treated as a homogeneous medium, a three-dimensional computational model is developed to determine the deformed shape of the cable that can subsequently be used to determine the strain state under specified loading conditions, which may be of thermal, magnetic, and mechanical origins. The results can then be transferred to the model at the strand/macro-filament level for rod restack process (RRP) strands, where the geometric details of the strand are included. This hierarchical scheme can be used to estimate the three-dimensional strain state in the conductor as well as to determine the effective properties of the strands and cables from the properties of individual components. Examples of the modeling results obtained for the orthotropic mechanical properties of the Rutherford cables are presented.
 12. Cable deformation simulation and a hierarchical framework for Nb3Sn Rutherford cables
 Arbelaez, D.; Prestemon, S. O.; Ferracin, P.; Godeke, A.; Dietderich, D. R.; Sabbi, G.
 2009-09-13
 Knowledge of the three-dimensional strain state induced in the supercon


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Frontiers in Marine Science
Genetic diversity, Connectivity, Biophysical oceanographic modeling, Diel vertical migration, Midwater shrimp, Gulf Loop Current, Gulf of Mexico, Bear Seamount
The Gulf of Mexico experiences frequent perturbations, both natural and anthropogenic. To better understand the impacts of these events, we must inventory natural variability within the ecosystem, communities, species, and populations, and contextualize these findings in relation to physical features. Here, we present an integrated study of comparative population genomics and biophysical oceanography. Targeting three species of mesopelagic shrimp common to the Gulf of Mexico midwater (Acanthephyra purpurea, Systellaspis debilis, and Robustosergia robusta), we analyzed genetic diversity and population connectivity as proxies for species health and resilience, respectively. We also simulated a range of vertical migratory behaviors for the shrimp to infer the relationship between diel vertical migration and horizontal transmission between the Gulf of Mexico and the greater Atlantic Ocean. This study aims to establish biological baselines and characterize these values in terms of the prevailing oceanographic feature of the midwater: the Gulf Loop Current. Generally, the oplophorid species (A. purpurea and S. debilis) exhibit lower genetic diversity and higher interpopulation homogeneity compared to the sergestid (R. robusta). Biophysical simulations suggest the differences in vertical migratory regimes between these two groups have important implications for horizontal transport out of the Gulf of Mexico. Because of the difference in vertical migration patterns, access to the Gulf Loop Current varies across taxa and impacts inter-basin migration. Our findings suggest a negative correlation between surface abundance and genetic diversity in these three shrimp species. We hypothesize that this correlation may be due to the relationships between surface abundance and access to the fastest moving waters of the Gulf Loop Current.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Timm, Laura; Lys M. Isma; Matthew Johnston; and Heather D. Bracken-Grissom. 2020. "Comparative Population Genomics and Biophysical Modeling of Shrimp Migration in the Gulf of Mexico Reveals Current-Mediated Connectivity." Frontiers in Marine Science 7, (19): 1-16. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00019.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


You are here
Taboo in the classroom
Average: 3.9 (24 votes)
In this article I will review the arguments for and against teaching taboo language and using taboo subjects, then look at some practical ideas for teachers who decide to use this area of language.
Taboo in the classroom - methodology article
 - What are taboos?
 - Why deal with taboo subjects?
 - The arguments against
 - Some acceptable approaches
 - Conclusion
What are taboos?
Swear words, gay rights, torture, sex, one-parent families, drug abuse, divorce, political freedom, obscene gestures, incest, cannibalism, religious belief, death, alcohol, nudity, suicide, racial abuse, AIDS, terrorism, pregnancy, abortion, polygamy, depression, rape, democracy…
Taboos can be found in words, gestures, topics, social and cultural behaviour, body language and personal space. The Oxford English Dictionary defines them as 'Prohibition…generally of the use or practice of anything'
and in linguistics as 'A total or partial prohibition of the use of certain words, expressions, topics, etc., esp. in social intercourse'.
Importantly for teachers, taboos vary from culture to culture. For example,the subject of how much you earn is taboo in the UK but not in other cultures, whereas homosexuality is a subject many British people are comfortable with, but a clear taboo in many other countries. Taboos change as societies change, so topics such as divorce and depression and illnesses such as cancer and AIDS may not be as taboo as they used to be (interestingly, almost no universal taboos have ever been identified, but many are shared by almost all cultures - incest, patricide and cannibalism are three examples).
Both the Oxford Dictionary definitions above are relevant for us as teachers, as we can ask two questions based on this idea of taboo language and taboo subjects:
 - Is it right to teach taboo language to learners?
 - Is it right to use taboo topics to teach language?
Neither of these questions have a simple answer, or one that people agree on.
Why deal with taboo subjects?
 - When we teach a language, we must teach the cultures in which it exists. Taboos are a key element of every culture, so we must teach them too.
 - Learners rarely learn a language for purely academic reasons. They learn so they can communicate with others who speak the language. In order to do this well, they have to know what language is appropriate and what is not.
 - Learners who need English to live and work in a country where it is the first language have to understand both taboo language and taboo topics, as they will encounter both. Not understanding taboo areas is dangerous.
 - Learners in the modern world are constantly exposed to taboo language and topics. As teachers we have a responsibility to guide them through this.
 - Using taboo topics to teach language can be highly productive, as they often generate high levels of interest and involvement in learners.
 - When we teach learners about the taboo language and topics of our culture, we share something special and unique, something they do not see in coursebooks.
 - Taboos are a rich area of language. Thinking about taboos means for example thinking about euphemisms, slang, formal and informal language, double meanings, body language and politically correct terminology. Discussing sensitive areas means using skills in negotiation, agreeing, disagreeing, explaining opinion, justifying, etc.
 - Multilingual classes are multicultural classes. Discussing the taboos of learner cultures together means real communication of genuinely motivating topics.
The arguments against
 - Taboos are taboos for a reason. They are areas of language and topics which are prohibited by a society, and when we use them in a classroom we run enormous risks of offending our learners in the most profound ways possible: religious and political belief, sexuality, morality.
 - Taboo language is extremely difficult to use correctly and appropriately. By teaching learners this kind of language we are giving them a loaded gun but not showing them how to use it safely.
 - Our work as teachers is not to provoke extreme emotional responses from our learners, although we may think that a provocative role is the right one. Our work is to teach the systems and skills of English. There are many effective ways of doing this apart from exploiting areas that learners would never discuss, not even in their own language.
 - Taboo topics provoke extreme reactions and in a classroom these kinds of reactions can cause problems, no matter how well we think we can manage the activity. A discussion can turn into a conflict in a moment.
 - There are few classrooms in the world where nothing bad has happened to any of the learners, or the teacher. Many have had experiences of areas we classify as taboo, such as death, issues of political freedom and divorce. Discussing these may be involving, yes, but in the worst way for someone in your class.
 - When you decide to use taboos, you should ask yourself why. Is it because they support your aims for the class better than other material, or just because they are taboos?
Some acceptable approaches
Even if you are against teaching taboos or using them to teach language points, there may be ways of exploiting this area. Below are some ideas:
 - Looking at how taboos are managed in a culture, e.g. euphemism, innuendo, double meaning, formal and informal equivalents.
 - Discussing what is appropriate and what is not, both at a language and content level. For example, is it right to ask questions about taboo topics when you meet someone for the first time? Which ones are okay and which not? Who can ask those kinds of questions? Is this language vulgar and impolite?
 - Thinking about body language / gestures / personal space. What is acceptable in each learner's culture?
 - Looking at modern slang and informal language - rich, challenging and always changing.
 - Looking at politically correct language.
 - Learner-led discussion. Learners who feel free to express themselves will often start a discussion on an apparently sensitive area if it is important to them. Our role is to facilitate discussion, guide and ensure that there is no negative impact on other learners.
 - Talking about your own society's taboos and your own feelings about these (if you are teaching abroad, in another culture). Even if this is not successful, it may offer you some insights into what you should be asking your learners to do.
 - Looking at taboo language in context, e.g. literature readings.
 - Is it right to teach taboo language to learners?
 - Is it right to use taboo topics to teach language?
Before you give an answer to the two questions above, you need to think about your own classes. If you feel your learners' needs are best met by teaching them taboo language, then it is right to look at it. Similarly, if you feel that the best way your learners can achieve the learning aims of a class is by looking at taboo subjects then they can become an important resource. But I feel you should take a long hard look at what you are asking your learners to think about, and respond to, before you make the decision to take taboos into your classroom. It may not be worth the risk.
Further Reading
Wikipedia: Taboo
Taboos and Issues by Leather, ELT Journal 2003
Breaking Taboos by Guy Cook, ETP April 02
Taboos and issues, Richard MacAndrew and Ron Martinez, Language Teaching Publications, 2001.
Discussions A-Z, Wallwork, CUP.
Dangerous English 2000!
Written by Paul Kaye, Teacher, Trainer, Materials writer


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A Cry and a Demand: Tactical Urbanism and the Right to the City
Alisdairi, Lana K.
MetadataShow full item record
In many cities around the world a growing interest in small-scale urban design interventions is reshaping urban spaces. These actions (often called tactical urbanism) include: guerrilla and community gardening; 'creative space' movements to fill abandoned buildings for a range of purposes; housing and retail cooperatives; pop-up shops; social economies and bartering systems; occupying public spaces with alternative uses, skateboarding; and more. This thesis offers insights on emerging activist roles that designers and urbanists are assuming in an effort to achieve more direct control over urban space. This thesis considers these myriad practices through the context of French philosopher Henri Lefebvre's 'right to the city.' It asks the question: is there a shared politics of the city that serves as a sort of theoretical checklist for these practices? I argue that many of the efforts championed by tactical urbanism can be viewed as liminal additions of rights to the current, liberal-democratic city. However, many critical aspects of the movement give it the potential to move beyond a less radical interpretation of right to the city. This claim is illustrated through an analysis of general tactical urbanism goals and various do-it-yourself interventions taking place in Tacoma, WA.
- Urban planning


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Cinnamon is a 5 month old male lionhead rabbit. He was presented to San Juan Veterinary Hospital for a castration. He appears to be a healthy rabbit and is ready for surgery. Rabbits are given a shot in the muscle to anesthetize them and their anesthesia is maintained by a mask. The following pictures are from Cinnamon's surgery and recovery.
There are many reasons to spay or neuter your pet rabbit. These procedures will result in a calmer, friendlier rabbit. They will typically get along with other rabbits better as well. It is recommended to have your rabbit spayed or neutered around 6 months of age. One of the main advantages of having your rabbit spayed is the prevention of uterine cancer. Female rabbits can develop uterine cancer, which may be life-threatening. Male rabbits can also develop testicular cancer. By performing a spay or neuter on you rabbit will eliminate the risk of reproductive cancer. The other main advantage of this procedure is the elimination of reproductive capability. You will not have to worry about accidentally having an extra litter.
If you have any questions regarding having your rabbit spayed or neutered, please call us at _PHONE_.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Absence Note Guidelines
The CSUSB Student Health Center provides two types of notes for class and both require a visit:
- Verification of visit for any scheduled appointment. This note verifies you were seen on a particular time and date, and nothing else. It does not include a diagnosis nor recommendations for missed activities.
- Medical documentation during visits for significant medical illness or injury requiring substantial time off from school.
We do not routinely provide medical excuse notes.
The majority of legitimate medical issues that cause students to miss class are due to conditions that get better on their own, such as colds, headaches, stomach flu, etc. These illnesses tend to be difficult to confirm objectively, especially after the fact.
In most cases these conditions improve with self-care (fluids, resting in bed) and do not require a medical visit.
The Documents section on this page contains links that will allow students to print an Absence Self-Verification Form, and a Letter to Faculty from the CSUSB Student Health Center, and articles explaining current best-practices set forth by the American College Health Association.
All medical records are strictly confidential. Information from records will not be released to any one without the written authorization of the patient, except as required by law. The staff at the Student Health Center can assist you with the following services:
- Requesting copies of your medical records
- Sending copies of your medical records to an outside provider
- Clearing Immunization holds Holds will be cleared within 24 hours
- General Standards of Patient Rights and Responsibilities (PDF)
Health information is confidential, and access is restricted to authorized CSUSB Student Health Center personnel ONLY. Information in the health record will not be released to parents (except in the case of minors), professors or anyone else without written consent or when required by law, court order or when subpoenaed.
- Advance Directive (PDF) An Advance Directive is a written document in the form of a living will or Durable Power of Attorney prepared by a competent individual that specifies what, if any, extraordinary procedures, surgeries, medication or treatments the patient desires in the future, when he or she can no longer make such decisions about medical treatment. Please see the attached form and instructions for more detailed information.
- Release of Medical Records form (PDF) Consent is required to release medical records to another facility or provider. Proof of identity is required to pick up records in person. Records cannot be mailed or faxed directly to students. Please indicate specific dates needed and allow 7-10 working days to process.
- Request for Medical Records (PDF) Consent is needed to release any medical records from an outside physician or health care facility that is mailed directly or faxed to the CSUSB Student Health Center.
- Consent for Medical Treatment of a Minor (PDF).pdf Parental consent is required to provide health care to minors.
*(ExceptionsCalifornia Law: Request for contraception services, or an Emancipated Minor)
- Immunization Exemption Declaration (PDF) A Signed Waiver is required to decline immunization requirements due to personal, medical or religious beliefs. Bring the verification form with proof of identity to the Student Health Center. NOTE: This waiver may bar students from campus in an outbreak situation for their own protection or that of the campus community.


text:
The files in
$Dpkg::CONFDIR/origins/ can provide information about various vendors who are providing Debian packages. Currently those files look like this:
Vendor: Debian Vendor-URL: _URL_ Bugs: debbugs://bugs.debian.org
If the vendor derives from another vendor, the file should document the relationship by listing the base distribution in the Parent field:
The file should be named according to the vendor name. The usual convention is to name the vendor file using the vendor name in all lowercase, but some variation is permitted. Namely, spaces are mapped to dashes ('-'), and the file can have the same casing as the Vendor field, or it can be capitalized.
- $dir = get_vendor_dir()
Returns the current dpkg origins directory name, where the vendor files are stored.
- $fields = get_vendor_info($name)
Returns a Dpkg::Control object with the information parsed from the corresponding vendor file in
$nameis omitted, it will use
$Dpkg::CONFDIR/origins/default which is supposed to be a symlink to the vendor of the currently installed operating system. Returns undef if there's no file for the given vendor.
- $name = get_vendor_file($name)
Check if there's a file for the given vendor and returns its name.
- $name = get_current_vendor()
Returns the name of the current vendor. If DEB_VENDOR is set, it uses that first, otherwise it falls back to parsing
$Dpkg::CONFDIR/origins/default. If that file doesn't exist, it returns undef.
- $object = get_vendor_object($name)
Return the Dpkg::Vendor::* object of the corresponding vendor. If
$nameis omitted, return the object of the current vendor. If no vendor can be identified, then return the Dpkg::Vendor::Default object.
- run_vendor_hook($hookid, _USER_)
Run a hook implemented by the current vendor object.
Version 1.01 (dpkg 1.17.0)
New function: get_vendor_dir().
Version 1.00 (dpkg 1.16.1)
Mark the module as public.


Publication
ICNP 2014
Conference paper
You are how you touch: User verification on smartphones via tapping behaviors
View publication
Abstract
Smartphone users have their own unique behavioral patterns when tapping on the touch screens. These personal patterns are reflected on the different rhythm, strength, and angle preferences of the applied force. Since smart phones are equipped with various sensors like accelerometer, gyroscope, and touch screen sensors, capturing a user's tapping behaviors can be done seamlessly. Exploiting the combination of four features (acceleration, pressure, size, and time) extracted from smart phone sensors, we propose a non-intrusive user verification mechanism to substantiate whether an authenticating user is the true owner of the smart phone or an impostor who happens to know the pass code. Based on the tapping data collected from over 80 users, we conduct a series of experiments to validate the efficacy of our proposed system. Our experimental results show that our verification system achieves high accuracy with averaged equal error rates of down to 3.65%. As our verification system can be seamlessly integrated with the existing user authentication mechanisms on smart phones, its deployment and usage are transparent to users and do not require any extra hardware support.
Date
Publication
ICNP 2014
Authors
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text:
$750M Dedicated to Dramatically Reduce Cost of Hydrogen Technologies
WASHINGTON — The Energy Department is making $740 million in bipartisan infrastructure law funding available to dramatically reduce the cost of clean-energy technologies.
According to department officials, who announced the funding last week, the infusion of money is crucial to the administration's effort to accelerate the widespread use of clean hydrogen and bolster commercial-scale hydrogen deployment.
Produced with net-zero carbon emissions, clean hydrogen is a key pillar in the emerging clean energy economy and will be essential for achieving the president's goal of a 100% clean electrical grid by 2035 and net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, the department said in a press release.
In the same release Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said the administration's ongoing investment in "cutting-edge research and development" is "making market-ready clean energy a reality."
Clean hydrogen — which is produced with zero or next-to-zero emissions from renewables, nuclear energy or natural gas with carbon sequestration — is widely seen as playing a vital future role in reducing emissions from some of the hardest-to-decarbonize sectors of the economy, including industrial and chemical processes and heavy-duty transportation.
Clean hydrogen can also support the expansion of renewable power by providing a means for long-duration energy storage and offers flexibility and multiple revenue streams to all types of clean power generation.
Together with the regional clean hydrogen hubs (H2Hubs), tax incentives in the Inflation Reduction Act and ongoing research, development and demonstration in the DOE Hydrogen Program, these investments will accelerate the technical advances and scale-up needed to achieve DOE's Hydrogen Shot goal of $1 per kilogram of clean hydrogen within a decade, the department said.
Managed by DOE's Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, projects funded through the newly announced opportunity will address underlying technical barriers to cost reduction that can't be overcome by scale alone and ensure emerging commercial-scale deployments will be viable with future lower-cost, higher-performing technology.


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Monongahela River Mapping & Flood Hazard Studyby Silvio Iera, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh, United States,
James Cianciosi, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh, United States,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: Engineering Hydrology
The study described here represents a unique collaboration and cost-sharing effort between two Federal agencies: the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The nature and timing of this effort was made possible by the evolution of computer aided drafting (CAD) and digital mapping technology. The body of work can be partitioned into three specific objectives. The first is to generate new, high quality digital mapping of the entire Monongahela River corridor. The second is to use this mapping as the basis for a complete hydrologic reanalysis of the corridor. The final target is the development of new flood insurance study (FIS) reports for the many communities within this highly urbanized and industrialized watershed.
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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text:
اهمیت جانبیMNC، نقش تعبیه داخلی چیست؟
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|11510||2011||12 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||8079 کلمه|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : International Business Review, Volume 20, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 151–162
This paper addresses the issue of how a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating the importance of the subsidiary vis-à-vis the MNC as a whole. We take previous findings of the positive impact of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's importance as our starting point and consider two questions: (a) how does the internal embeddedness of a subsidiary affect its organisational importance, and (b) how do a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating organisational importance? We test hypotheses reflecting these questions on data from 97 foreign subsidiaries belonging to Swedish multinationals. We find that internal embeddedness is negatively related to a subsidiary's importance to product development but unrelated to its importance to production development. We also find that internal embeddedness dilutes the positive impact of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's importance to production development. We discuss the findings in the light of the extant literature and consider implications for future research and MNC managers.
A significant development in the multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiary literature is the detailed investigation of the role of business networks in subsidiary development and impact in MNCs (Andersson and Forsgren, 2000, Andersson et al., 2002, Andersson et al., 2007, Forsgren et al., 2005, Ghauri, 1992 and Holm and Pedersen, 2000). One issue that these studies have investigated relates to the 'organisational performance' of the subsidiary within the MNC of which it is a member. By 'organisational performance' of a subsidiary, we mean, following Andersson, Forsgren, and Pederson (2001), the impact of the subsidiary on the rest of the MNC through its knowledge development and knowledge sharing activities. One particular manifestation of the 'impact' of the subsidiary within the MNC is the importance that other units in the organisation, and particularly the headquarters (HQ), attach to the subsidiary insomuch as it is of use to them as a source of knowledge or capability. Business network studies have shown that subsidiary importance is a robust construct and reflects the subsidiary's potential to contribute to technological and market development in the MNC ( Andersson et al., 2002) and is a key source of its bargaining strength (see, in particular, Andersson et al., 2007). Thus, for example, the basis of a subsidiary's status as a 'centre of excellence' within the MNC is the recognition by HQ that the subsidiary has gained expertise or capability in a particular function or activity of potential value to other units in the organisation ( Andersson & Forsgren, 2000). A subsidiary's importance to production or product development has been shown to be strongly linked to its 'embeddedness' in networks of business relationships between the subsidiary and a (small) number of customers and suppliers. While a subsidiary's business partners could be either sister affiliates in the MNC or external business organisations, most of the attention has been paid to subsidiaries' business relations with external business organisations and to the impact of such relationships on the MNCs. With rare exceptions (Garcia-Pont et al., 2009 and Schmid and Schuring, 2003) internal subsidiary embeddedness has not been the focus of empirical investigation. Most empirical studies have only included measures/indicators of external business embeddedness in their analyses. However, subsidiaries are clearly simultaneously embedded in both external and internal networks (Forsgren et al., 2005). Even though the degree or 'depth' of internal embeddedness may be less than that of the external embeddedness, it is unlikely to be zero (Holm and Pedersen, 2000 and Yamin, 2005). An important question in this context is, given that a subsidiary's external network embeddedness enhances its importance to the MNC's competence development, does the subsidiary's internal embeddedness reinforce or dilute this effect? This paper addresses the issue of how a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating the technological importance of the subsidiary vis-à-vis the MNC as a whole. We take previous studies' findings relating to the positive impact of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's organisational importance as our starting point and ask two research questions: (a) how does the internal embeddedness of a subsidiary affect its organisational importance, and (b) how do a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating organisational importance? In Section 2 we consider the distinctive features of the internal and external embeddedness of subsidiaries. In Section 3 we develop hypotheses relating to the impact of internal embeddedness on subsidiary importance and also with regard to the interaction between internal and external embeddedness in terms of a subsidiary's importance. Section 4 explains the methodology and data source utilised in this study and in Section 5 we discuss our findings.
نتیجه گیری انگلیسی
This paper has addressed a hitherto neglected issue in the MNC subsidiary literature, namely the effects of internal business embeddedness on a subsidiary's organisational performance. Prior literature has not fully addressed how internal embeddedness may be distinctive in terms of its effect on key subsidiary roles, such as knowledge development. Current discussion of this issue has been of a rather general and conceptual character, with very limited empirical investigation of the effect of a subsidiary's internal embeddedness on its competence or capability development. The recent study by Garcia-Pont et al. (2009) does empirically investigate the impact of internal embeddedness on the subsidiary but its focus is not the subsidiary's importance but a different, though potentially related outcome, namely the subsidiary's 'distinctiveness'. Moreover, Garcia-Pont et al. (2009) do not appear to shed any light on how internal and external embeddedness interact in generating outcomes for the subsidiary. Our aim, by comparison, has been to specifically build on existing studies which have demonstrated a significant and robust connection between external embeddedness and a subsidiary's importance for production and product development in the MNC of which it is a part. Specifically, we have investigated (1) whether a subsidiary's internal embeddedness has any effects on its importance, once we control for the level of external embeddedness, and other subsidiary characteristics that could potentially affect its importance; and (2) whether and how internal embeddedness may interact with external embeddedness in generating a subsidiary's importance. Overall our study confirms the extant knowledge in that external embeddedness is shown to have pre-eminence in generating a subsidiary's competence in both production and product development. However the finding that internal embeddedness negatively impacts a subsidiary's importance for product development and, especially, the finding of a negative interaction effect on a subsidiary's importance for production development, suggests that the extant studies' near–exclusive focus on external embeddedness is unwarranted. Our study makes an important contribution by carefully delineating why internal embeddedness may be distinctive in terms of its impact on a subsidiary's importance. A further contribution is to highlight the possibility that internal embeddedness may actually reduce the positive impact of external embeddedness on the subsidiary's importance. Our study strongly suggests that general propositions linking a subsidiary's embeddedness and its strategic capabilities that are based only on the consideration of external (or, of course, only of internal) embeddedness, should be regarded with caution if not scepticism. It is surely necessary that propositions about subsidiary capabilities are based on a more holistic view of the impacts of all of its networks. Data limitations do not allow us to further investigate the rationale behind the rather uneven pattern of results with respect to interaction effects. In particular it would be important to investigate further whether (and why) internal embeddedness reduces the positive effect of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's importance for production development but not for product development. The findings with respect to interactions are somewhat counter-intuitive, as it is more plausible for the interaction effect to be negative with respect to product development. So clearly there is scope for further theoretical and empirical investigation of the interactions between internal and external embeddedness. Another line of research could beneficially investigate the impact of a subsidiary's embeddedness on its corporate 'visibility' and, specifically, whether the internal embeddedness does in fact enhance corporate 'visibility' more than external embeddedness. This would enrich our understanding of the process through which a subsidiary's importance may be gained, enhanced or damaged. In terms of practitioner implications, we note that a subsidiary's importance is, ultimately, 'useful' to it as the basis for it gaining influence on strategy within the MNC (Andersson et al., 2007). From this perspective, our findings suggest that in the struggle to gain influence, a subsidiary's technical and organisational capabilities may be more important than its involvement in internal MNC networks and hence its corporate 'visibility'. Thus a subsidiary's capabilities may well attract the attention of HQ (Bouquet & Birkinshaw, 2008) even if it is not very 'visible' in terms of a high degree of internal corporate networking activity. Our findings imply that simultaneously benefitting from internal and external embeddedness may prove to be a tough balancing act and thus be managerially challenging. Managers may prudently reflect on the double-edged nature of corporate visibility: enhanced visibility without superior or perhaps even 'average' competence levels may well weaken the position of the subsidiary in the internal competition for resources


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DeWalt manufactures a wide range of cordless tools, including drills, powered by rechargeable battery packs. Most of the Dewalt batteries are lithium ion types which are lighter and last much longer than nickel-based batteries. However, every so often it's necessary to recharge your power tool battery pack, so you need to know how to operate the DeWalt drill battery charger.
Insert the plug on the end of the wire from the DeWalt drill battery charger into an electrical socket. It needs to be an electrical socket that produces 110/120 volts, which is the standard voltage in most household outlets.
Insert the battery into the Dewalt battery charger so it fits securely. It can only be inserted in one direction, so you can't get it wrong.
Turn on the DeWalt battery charger. The red LED flashes to confirm the battery charger is charging your battery. Wait until the red LED stops flashing and glows continuously, which means the battery is fully charged and ready for use.
Use the "Tune-up" button on your DeWalt battery charger to equalise the cells in the battery pack. Insert the battery into the charger as before and turn it on. Wait for the red LED to flash then press the "Tune-up" button. The LED stops flashing and then flashes quickly three times before it resumes flashing as before. Your battery is getting tuned.
Wait until the LED glows continuously to indicate the tune-up is complete. The cycle can take eight hours to complete, so only do this when you don't need to use your drill.
Your DeWalt battery charger automatically senses the condition of your batteries and charges them appropriately. For example, if your battery is too cold or too hot, it adjusts the way it is charged and the LED light flashes either quickly or slowly. If your battery needs replacing, the LED light flashes very quickly. If there is something wrong with your power supply the LED flashes twice quickly then pauses and repeats the two quick flashes, and so on.


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Sunflower seeds are an excellent source of iron, vitamin E, and copper for humans, but can dogs eat them too? The short answer is, yes, dogs can eat sunflower seeds. However, before you race off and start feeding your pet handfuls of tasty sunflower seeds, there are a few things that you should know.
Benefits of Sunflower Seeds
Sunflower seeds are packed full of energy and nutritional goodness and as a supplement or treat, can be a good addition to your dog's diet.
Sunflower seeds also contain a high percentage of vitamin E, which is an essential part of the canine diet and a natural antioxidant that is useful in lowering cholesterol. Vitamin E can also help with the metabolic processes that produce energy within your pet's body.
However, as with many seeds, sunflower seeds are high in carbohydrates and fats, and for this reason, you should only feed them to your dog occasionally and, even then, only in moderation.
How to Feed Sunflower Seeds to Your Dog
If you are buying sunflower seeds for your dog, you should purchase the peeled and unsalted variety. Most dogs will enjoy the soft inner kernel of the seed, but the tough outer husk can cause severe gastrointestinal distress and diarrhea. Salted seeds should be avoided, as too much salt can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease in your pet.
Sunflower seeds are extremely tasty, and as such, it is unlikely that you'll have any trouble getting your dog to eat them. Therefore, they can be fed directly to your dog as a snack or mixed into their meal to add flavor.
What About Sunflower Seed Butter?
Dogs can eat sunflower seed butter, and the chances are that they will enjoy it. In fact, you may find that your dog likes sunflower seed butter more than peanut butter. However, as sunflower seed butter is extremely high in calories, it should only be given as a special treat.
Can Dogs Have Sunflower Seed Oil?
Sunflower seed oil isn't toxic to dogs and can be safely consumed by your pet. However, there is no real reason to add it to their diet, and as such, it is best avoided.
A Final Point to Consider
While feeding your dog sunflower seeds may sound like a good thing to do, the fact is that, in most cases, there is no real need to add any supplements to your dog's diet.
All the essential vitamins and minerals that your dog requires can be found in commercial dog foods, and provided that you feed your dog with a product that is a "complete and balanced diet," the only reason to give your pet sunflower seeds or products made from sunflower seeds is as a tasty and enjoyable treat.


Elementary school student uses his own allowance to pay off lunch debt for his third-grade class
Nine-year-old Ryan Kirkpatrick had an issue with the fact that some of his fellow classmates couldn't afford to pay for their school lunches, so he decided to do something about it.
Ryan had seen a story in the news about a kindergartner who was shamed for not having money to pay for her lunch and brought it to his mom's attention.
"My son saw that story on the news and came to me while I was getting ready for work and he was in tears and didn't understand why that happened," said Kylie Kirkpatrick, Ryan's mom.
She said they talked about how students are required to pay for lunch and that some people don't have the money to pay for it, "and that didn't agree with him."
They contacted the food service department for their school district and found that the total debt accumulated by every kid at Ryan's school added up to almost $800. The school explained to Kirkpatrick that the students accrue a debt no matter their age, which she found upsetting.
Kirkpatrick asked how much the third graders owed and it was about $75.
Ryan's mom told him about the $75 tab and asked what he wanted to do about it. Ryan simply said, "I'm going to pay the bill."
They went to the business office of the school district and wrote a check. "They were really taken aback at how serious he was about this," said Kirkpatrick.
They presented their school secretary with the receipt and Ryan said, "Please tell my classmates' families that they don't owe any more money."
According to Kirkpatrick, the meals have a sliding scale depending on families' income and can range anywhere from 25 cents to $3, which she says can add up by the end of the school year, causing unnecessary stress to parents already struggling financially.
Kirkpatrick explained how upsetting it was that children were being burdened with the financial guilt of their lunches going unpaid.
"You don't know where your lunch is coming from, you can't afford to pay for lunch that day, all of your other friends have these amazing meals, regardless of the situation, that is not something that a little kid should be worrying about," Kirkpatrick said.
Kirkpatrick hopes that her son's story will bring more awareness to this issue so that there are better plans in place for free meals for all elementary school students.
"What we talked about during this process was about how one person, regardless of age, can start a movement, and that at least in our family we believe community happens over a meal," she said.


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Importing Data from FLAT FILE to TABLE using TERADATA SQL ASSISTANT is very simple.It is very easy to import data from any flat file to table in TERADATA using TERADATA SQL Assistant. First, you need to write SQL Query in Query Window. INSERT query should be in accordance with the flat file considering the columns mentioned in FLAT FILE in the same order. So if your flat file contains five columns, mention those five columns in the same order in your INSERT CLAUSE; like
INSERT INTO TABLENAME (COL1,COL2,COL3,COL4,COL5) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?);
Go to FILE –> Import Results. Now when you run the query, it will display the browse window and will ask you to select the file to which you want to use to import data.
Points to consider while importing data from table:
a) Delimiter: Whether you want to import FIXED WIDTH or DELIMITED file. If file is delimited then you need to select the delimiter for the input file. To select the appropriate Delimiter for your output file go to TOOLS–>OPTIONS –> EXPORT/IMPORT –> Set the Delimiter.
b) SKIP HEADER:There are other options available, like Ignore First Record (Skip Header).So check these options also while importing data.
c) Suitable UTILITY:IMPORT via TERADATA SQL Assistant is not preferable if data is too huge in terms of records counts or row length. As it operates at row level, importing huge volume of data may take long time. For such cases, use FASTLOAD or MULTILOAD utility.


When is the year of jubilee?
What years are jubilee years?
If the Jubilee year is the 50th year as confirmed by Leviticus 25:10–11, it must necessarily be a separate year from the first 49 years comprising the whole of the first seven Sabbatical cycles. Therefore it cannot be identical with the seventh Sabbatical year, as 49 does not equal 50.
Is 2019 a Jubilee year?
So declare God's goodness over your life because today we have a reason to celebrate and 2019 is the year of jubilee. Happy New Year Readers and thank you for your encouragement and support of this column throughout the years.
Is 2021 a Jubilee year?
When was last Jubilee year?
Israel is embarking on the Jubilee Years in 2017-18 to mark the anniversaries of very significant events that shaped the history of modern Israel and the Jewish people. These events express the deep bond between the people of Israel and the Land of Israel, and the people of Israel's journey of hope.
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Is 2020 a shmita year?
The next Shmita year is 2021-2022 (5782).
What is a 50 year jubilee called?
Latin-derived numerical names
Anniversary Latin-derived term Other terms
40 years Quadragennial / Quadragenary Ruby jubilee
45 years Sapphire jubilee
50 years Semicentennial / Quinquagenary Golden jubilee
60 years Sexagennial / Sexagenary Diamond jubilee
How many types of Jubilee are there?
Silver jubilee, for a 25th anniversary. Ruby jubilee, for a 40th anniversary. Golden jubilee, for a 50th anniversary. Diamond jubilee, for a 60th anniversary.
How many jubilees has Queen Elizabeth had?
The first British monarch to mark 50 years on the throne in a significant way was George III, followed by Queen Victoria. The Queen has had significant jubilee celebrations in 1977 (for her Silver Jubilee), 2002 (for her Golden Jubilee) and 2012 (for her Diamond Jubilee).
What does the number 50 mean in Hebrew?
50. The gematria of the Hebrew letter נ The 50th year of the land, which is also a Shabbat of the land, is called "Yovel" in Hebrew, which is the origin of the Latin term "Jubilee", also meaning 50th.
What is a jubilee year in the Church?
Does Israel let the land rest every 7 years?
Jewish-owned land is to be left fallow, whatever grows there is to be free and at year's end, all personal debts are to be forgiven. Shmita occurs every seventh year, as a kind of sabbatical for the land, and it is mandated in the Torah.
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What Hebrew year is it?
What's a silver jubilee?
Silver jubilee marks a 25th anniversary, also known as a quadranscentennial anniversary. The anniversary celebrations can be of a wedding anniversary, the 25th year of a monarch's reign or anything that has completed a 25-year mark.
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At Christ Church, we have the following admissions criteria and follow the local authority's admissions policy:
 1. Children in care.
 2. Children (siblings) with a brother or sister at the school and who will still be in attendance at the time the sibling enters the school.
 3. Children who have applied to the school on denominational grounds: Anybody whose parent/guardian regularly attends the local Church of England Parish Church. We define regular as meaning once a month for a twelve month period and this will be confirmed by a letter from the local minister. (No supplementary information form is used at Christ Church CE Primary School).
 4. Children who live nearest the school..
The local authority's admissions policy is available here:


Tree Limb – Orange Fungus
Q: I recently noticed a couple of leafless limbs on my sawtooth oak. They also have a scaly orange fungus and one had a gelatinous, drippy mass of some sort.
A: It looks like both limbs were shaded out by limbs above. Since their leaves produced nothing the tree aborted them. This is a normal phenomenon: lower limbs get shaded by upper ones as a tree grows taller.
Your next job is to remove the dead limbs correctly. Do not cut limbs flush to the trunk, but make the cut at the collar. The collar is the slightly swollen transition area at the base of the branch where it joins the trunk. Cutting flush with the trunk will leave a much larger wound than cutting at the collar and it may never heal, leading to a hollow tree.
Wound dressings applied to the wound don't help reduce decay and are not recommended.
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>get() and getParameterHolder()->set()..class.sfParameterHolder To complete the job history API.
~security.actions: login_module: default . If you have a look at the logs in the web debug toolbar. security is managed by a YAML file. the entire backend application will require the user to be authenticated. a boolean can be expressed with the string true and false. For instance.yml: all: . you will notice that the executeLogin() method of the defaultActions class is called for every page you try to access. symfony forwards the request to the login action configured in settings. In a YAML file.yml default: is_secure: off If you switch the is_secure entry to on. you can find the default configuration for the backend application in the config/ directory: # apps/backend/config/security.yml~. When an un-authenticated user tries to access a secured action. or on and off.Like many other symfony features.
As we saw during day 4. Complex Credentials The credentials entry of security. use the isAuthenticated() and setAuthenticated() methods: if (!$this->getUser()->isAuthenticated()) { $this->getUser()->setAuthenticated(true). This is also the case for security. If a user must have credential A and B. the access to some actions can be even more restricted by defining credentials. To only secure or un-secure a single action or a whole module.login_action: login It is not possible to secure the login action to avoid infinite recursion.yml supports Boolean operations to describe complex credentials requirements. B] . A user must have the required credentials to access the page: default: is_secure: off credentials: admin The credential system of symfony is quite simple and powerful. wrap the credentials with square brackets: index: credentials: [A. and not sfUser. the myUser class extends sfBasicSecurityUser. } Authorization When a user is authenticated.yml in the config/ directory of the module: index: is_secure: off all: is_secure: on By default. the same configuration file can be defined in several places. create a security.yml. To manage user authentication. A credential can represent anything you need to describe the application security model (like groups or permissions). sfBasicSecurityUser provides additional methods to manage user authentication and authorization.
we won't use any credentials as we only have one profile: the administrator. it is very easy to create a plugin. As we will see in coming days. To manage the user credentials. Plugins As we don't like to reinvent the wheel. as a plugin can contain anything from configuration to modules and assets. Instead. echo $user->hasCredential('bar'). => false For the Jobeet backend. 'bar'). It is also quite powerful. One of the great strengths of the symfony framework is the plugin ecosystem. we will install a symfony plugin. 'bar'). => => true true true // Check if the user has one of the credentials echo $user->hasCredential(array('foo'. $user->addCredentials('foo'. Today. we will install sfGuardPlugin to secure the backend application: $ php symfony plugin:install sfGuardPlugin The plugin:install task installs a plugin by name. B]] You can even mix and match brackets to describe any kind of Boolean expression with any number of credentials. All plugins are stored under the plugins/ directory and each one has its own directory named after the plugin name. => // Remove a credential $user->removeCredential('foo'). echo $user->hasCredential('foo'). we won't develop the login action from scratch. wrap them with two pairs of square brackets: index: credentials: [[A.If a user must have credential A or B. // Check if the user has a credential echo $user->hasCredential('foo'). sfBasicSecurityUser provides several methods: // Add one or more credentials $user->addCredential('foo'). . => false // Remove all credentials (useful in the logout process) $user->clearCredentials(). // Check if the user has both credentials echo $user->hasCredential(array('foo'. false). 'bar')).
you need to change the base class of myUser to sfGuardSecurityUser: // apps/backend/lib/myUser.class.php class myUser extends sfGuardSecurityUser { } sfGuardPlugin provides a signin action in the sfGuardAuth module to authenticate users. you can also download the package from the symfony website and unarchive it. when new classes are created. or alternatively make an svn:externals link to its Subversion repository. and then. symfony installs the latest stable version of it.PEAR must be installed for the plugin:install task to work. As the plugin provides several new model classes to manage users. you need to rebuild your model: $ php symfony propel:build-all-load --no-confirmation Remember that the propel:build-all-load task removes all existing tables before recreating them. you can build the models. Let's see how to configure the new plugin.php class. Remember to make sure the plugin is enabled after you install it if you did not use the enableAllPluginsExcept() method in your config/ProjectConfiguration. pass the --release option. you need to clear the symfony cache: $ php symfony cc As sfGuardPlugin adds several methods to the user class. As a plugin is self-contained into a directory.class. forms. create the new tables by executing the generated SQL statements stored in data/sql/. When you install a plugin with the plugin:install task. To install a specific version of a plugin. groups. The plugin page lists all available version grouped by symfony version. and permissions. Edit the settings. Backend Security Each plugin has a README file that explains how to configure it. To avoid this.yml all: . As always.yml file to change the default action used for the login page: # apps/backend/config/settings. and filters.
..settings: enabled_modules: [default.actions: login_module: login_action: # . we need to hide the menu bar: // apps/backend/templates/layout. The last step is to create an administrator user: $ php symfony guard:create-user fabien SecretPass $ php symfony guard:promote fabien The sfGuardPlugin provides tasks to manage users. sfGuardAuth] # .. Use the list task to list all task belonging to the guard namespace: $ php symfony list guard When the user is not authenticated. you need to explicitly enable the modules you want to use by adding them in the enabled_modules setting| enabled_modules (Setting).php <?php if ($sf_user->isAuthenticated()): ?>

<?php echo link_to('Jobs'. and permissions from the command line. groups.. '@jobeet_job') ?>
 . . sfGuardAuth signin As plugins are shared amongst all applications of a project..
sfGuardUser] Add a link in the menu: // apps/backend/templates/layout. .yml all: . let's add a new module to manage the administrator users. use the app:routes task. As the symfony browser simulates cookies. '@sf_guard_user') ?>
 We are done! User Testing Today's tutorial is not over as we have not yet talked about user testing. Thankfully.php
<?php echo link_to('Users'. sfGuardAuth. To polish the Jobeet backend even more. we need to add a logout link in the menu: // apps/backend/templates/layout. sfGuardPlugin provides such a module.settings: enabled_modules: [default. it is quite easy to test user behaviors by using the built-in sfTesterUser tester. As for the sfGuardAuth module.yml: // apps/backend/config/settings. you need to enable it in settings. '@sf_guard_signout') ?><


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The grass snake (Natrix natrix) can usually be seen slithering in shore areas, but it can also be encountered in the middle of forests. It has distinct yellow-gold spots on its neck.
The grass snake preys on frogs, tadpoles and fish. It also hunts in the water. The grass snake lays its eggs in rotting clusters of kelp, which produce heat as they decompose.


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art by jared barbick
| Bryan Sanders started writing poetry at the age of 14. A teacher encouraged him to keep at it, and he has never stopped. He got his start at the World Stage Anansi Writers Workshop. Since then, he has been on KJLH, performed in The African Marketplace, performed at the African Cultural Center, featured at The World Stage, and received an Extended Education Creative Writing Scholarship to UCLA.
As a 20 year old poet, his poetry is the beating heart of the Los Angeles inner city through the eyes of a young man discovering his own identity.


Can I leave ripe red tomatoes on the vine until I'm ready to use them?
How long do they stay good on the vine?
Will picking them cause them to go bad faster or does it make any difference?
It really depends on the variety. Some can stay on the vine for a long time after they're ripe (how long they can stay on is known as hang-time), and some have to be picked as soon as they're ripe. How picking affects the matter also seems dependent on the variety, as well as how ripe the fruit is when you pick it. It seems to me that if you pick them when they're still green they last longer after ripening. They don't have as much of a chance to split, crack, get eaten by wildlife and such, either, but this may affect the flavor.
When you pick tomatoes, some kinds are harder to pick than others (or take more force to pull off). For those, I recommend snipping them with scissors so you don't damage the plants or the fruit. Some tomatoes will come off very easily (either because the stem separates from the larger stem easily or because the calyx separates from the fruit easily. Even in this case, though, leaving the stem on can improve storage capacity and other things.
Some tomatoes are more prone to splitting and cracking than others, and this can affect the hang-time and the shelf-life.
You might be interested in RIN tomatoes (which stay firm/crisp even when fully ripe) and storage tomatoes, like Long Keeper. High anthocyanin tomatoes also have potential for increased shelf-life.
Some people prefer extremely ripe tomatoes (whether ripened indoors or on the vine), but I generally don't like then so ripe, since they get really soft and juicy; they lose their acidic flavor; they sometimes taste more like chlorine (to my tongue). I prefer to pick them either as soon as they ripen or within a few days, depending on the breed.
Here's a list of a few examples of how tomato breeds differed, for me: Black Beauty has great shelf-life and great hang-time. Fruits could be left on the vine for a really long time, and they'd stay good in storage for a really long time. Galapagos Island, however, can stay good on the vine for a decent amount of time (and progressively gets a deeper color long after ripening), but it's very prone to splitting when I pick it. Paul Robeson in 2014 for me would burst into liquid, if left on the vine more than a day after ripening, but if picked in good time had probably a regular shelf-life. Some varieties like Burpee Gloriana crack easily and can go bad easily for this reason. Some tomatoes look like they'd keep well, because they're firm and flawless, but they don't.
My source for terminology is just forums and other websites I've used for the last few years (people say hang-time in that context).
Stores and forums are another general source of information (not just for terminology).
I agree with Stormy about picking the tomatoes sooner than later if you want a bigger harvest. The same goes for okra and many peppers.
I have mixed feelings about what Stephie said about refrigeration. On the one hand, she's right (you don't have to do it, they do often keep a good while unrefrigerated, and the taste can be much improved). On the other hand, it really depends. Tomatoes can sometimes (not always) taste better (or at least different, in subjective ways) if refrigerated. I thought Valencia tasted better refrigerated, anyhow. For other varieties, there's a certain taste and texture that refrigeration can impart, and it may or may not be what you're looking for (in my case, I was looking for it, at times). Tomatoes will ripen a lot more slowly in the refrigerator, too, whether or not they stay good longer (so if you don't want them over-ripe, and you want to store them a while, keeping them cooler should help). However, they may be prone to contracting fruit rot pathogens in the refrigerator, due to produce that may have gone bad in the past in the refrigerator (so, a cold storage area like a cellar is probably much better for long-term storage).
Regarding Graham Chiu and Stormy's discussion:
Tomatoes are tender perennials often grown as annuals. Some kinds of tomatoes will grow and fruit continually (indeterminates are supposed to do this, although in my experience some are more prone to fruiting continually than others), and some will stop and die after the first wave (these are usually determinate, but not all determinate tomatoes do this). (Some kinds will do other things.)
I'm of the opinion that those that would die after the first wave will live and eventually fruit again if you prune them after harvest, though, provided they're healthy. As far as heat influencing ripening goes, I've heard often that it can hamper ripening, but I personally think something else that just often corresponds with the heat, is responsible instead, since I've seen tomatoes ripen just fine in very hot temperatures (and I've seen them struggle, too). The time of the season seems to impact ripening more than the temperature (same for green onion growth, if you harvest the greens and leave them to grow back), but I'm not sure what causes it. In my area, ripening and production seem to speed up considerably in mid August, which is usually when the temperature falls a few notches, but yeah, it can be hot then, too, and the garden still improves. I kind of feel like it's something about the sun.
 - Great answer, Shule. The Potato Cellar is a constant 40-50 degrees. Cool. I think it is also the constancy of the temperature. I had beautiful tomatoes that were definitely a RED tomato get so much heat those tomatoes turned YELLOW. Still tasty but...cooked? They were hot to pluck from the plant. I think cool and dark and constant cool temperature, lots of ventilation is the best place for tomatoes to ripen. Dehydrating is my favorite way to preserve tomatoes. (I am so dang lazy)! Just would love to have tomatoes and peppers year after year on the same plants without disease... – stormy Oct 3 '18 at 21:28
Once they are red or ripe get them off the vine/bush! This promotes MORE fruit setting, ripening. Keep them cool and eat them sooner than later. Don't put in the refrigerator. Keep apples and bananas away from other vegetables or flowers you don't want them to ripen or die quickly.
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 I am not so sure about this one. I plucked red tomatoes (beefsteak) off my plant and was very anxious to taste them. I found two issues. One the skin was think and the tomatoes were a bit sour. So, I was wondering if I picked them too early. Not an easy answer I guess – JStorage Jul 14 '16 at 21:45
 - Taste has so much to do with watering, heat waves, cold nights/warm nights and then culling your tomatoes. Which ones are ripe enough (green tomatoes are fine for frying but not tasty if they ripen), keeping your tomatoes shaded!! That is why there is so much vegetative growth on tomatoes, to shade the fruit (not the plant). Beef steak is big and ok for flavor but it'll never win taste awards. Course I am very, very picky with tomatoes. I dehydrate most of mine and holy mole!! YUMMMM. Oh, the thick skin is a trait of tomatoes that don't split as much. Found in commercial varieties. – stormy Jul 15 '16 at 1:00
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 You don't necessarily have to keep tomatoes in storage cool, but it might be the best thing to do if you're not sure how your specific tomatoes will handle storage. I think it depends a lot on the growing conditions, what temperatures they store well in, but that's a hypothesis. Keep them dry, though. – Brōtsyorfuzthrāx Oct 8 '17 at 4:48
Tomatoes are climacteric fruits so undergo a burst of respiration at the time of ripening, and then will continue to ripen after being removed from the vine. If the temperature is too hot ( over 85 deg F), this can inhibit the ripening process so you can remove the fruit and let it ripen inside instead which might give you a 5 day headstart.
However, your question is about fruit already ripe, and most people seem to think that vine ripened fruit have higher sugar levels. It shouldn't get more sugar from the vine once it's ripe so likely will make very little difference if you leave them on the vine.
 - Yet there is a basic rule for plants, especially annuals. Get the flowers/fruits off and the entire plant will react by becoming larger and more vigorous. Annuals, once they've produced seed will happily die. Get the flowers and get those tomatoes off the plant and the plant will last and produce longer!! That is a fact! – stormy Jul 16 '16 at 21:47
 - Tomatoes are not annuals – Graham Chiu Jul 16 '16 at 22:03
 - Yes they are in most zones, sweetie. Sure they can go on and on but have you ever raised a tomato plant for more than a year? They are so fraught with disease, temperature, nutrient needs...I can't imagine keeping one around longer than a year


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B.L. Lam, S.L. Christ, D.J. Lee, D.D. Zheng, A.J. Caban; Examination of Associations Between Visual Impairment and Mortality Risk Using Structural Equation Modeling. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2006;47(13):3487.
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Visual impairment (VI) is associated with increased risk of mortality in some studies; however potential mechanisms through which VI may impact mortality risk are poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between VI and mortality using structural equation modeling (SEM).
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a multistage area probability cross–sectional survey of the US civilian non–institutionalized population. Selected families are interviewed using a primary household respondent with all adults at home participating in the interview. A randomly selected group of NHIS participants was administered a chronic conditions list that included questions about VI. Mortality linkage with over 96% of participants from the 1986–1994 NHIS was performed by the National Center for Health Statistics through 1997. Complete data were available on 116,796 adults 18 years of age and older. SEM modeling was completed with adjustment for the complex sample survey design using the M–Plus statistical package.
Mortality linkage identified 8,949 deaths; the average follow–up was 7.0 years. After controlling for age, gender, self–rated health, and eye disease modeled as a latent variable, some VI and severe bilateral VI were significantly associated with risk of mortality (Hazard Ratios, HR= 1.44, 95% CI: [1.08–1.92]; 3.03, [1.48–6.20], respectively). There was also evidence that VI influenced mortality indirectly via its association with self–rated health.
SEM is a powerful and flexible analytic tool for examining the indirect and direct effects of VI on survival. Additional research applying this analytic tool to more complex models including other important risk factors such as smoking and intervening variables such as functional health status is needed to better understand the role that VI plays in mortality risk.
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RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 A Virtual Reality Environment Based on Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Multiple Faults in Kinematic Chains A1 Alvarado-Hernandez, Alvaro Ivan A1 Checa Cruz, David A1 Osornio-Ríos, Roque Alfredo A1 Bustillo Iglesias, Andrés A1 Antonino Daviu, Jose A. K1 Digital image processing K1 Fault detection K1 Induction motors K1 Infrared imaging K1 Virtual reality K1 Informática K1 Computer science AB Kinematic chains are crucial in numerous industrial settings, playing a key role in various processes. Over recent years, several methods have been developed to monitor and maintain these systems effectively. One notable method is the analysis of infrared thermal images, which serves as a non-invasive and effective approach for identifying various electromechanical issues. Additionally, Virtual Reality (VR) is a burgeoning technology that, despite its limited use in industrial contexts, offers a cost-effective and accessible solution for the training and education of industrial workers on specialized engineering subjects. Nevertheless, most virtual environments are based on numerical simulations. This paper presents the design and development of a Virtual Reality training module for the detection of fourteen electromechanical fault cases in a kinematic chain. The VR training tool developed is based on actual thermographic data derived from experiments conducted on an authentic kinematic chain. During these experiments, thermal images were captured using an low-cost infrared sensor. The thermographic images were processed by calculating the histogram and fifteen statistical indicators, which served to differentiate fault cases in the VR application. A comprehensive evaluation was carried out with a group of vocational students specialized in electrical and automation installations to determine the effectiveness and practicality of the VR training module. PB MDPI SN 2079-9292 YR 2024 FD 2024-06-22 LK _URL_ UL _URL_ LA eng NO This research has been partially supported by Banco Santander under the scholarship program Santander Iberoamérica Research 2019/20. This investigation was partially supported by the REMAR Project (Ref. number CPP2022-009724) funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos RD 15-sep-2024


text: So why might viruses care about our body clock? Since our cells are miniature factories, making things that the virus must have to copy itself, the virus is less likely to succeed when the production line is shut down. This is what we tested in the laboratory, by infecting cells and mice at different times of the day. We found that viruses are less able to infect in the late afternoon. In contrast, in the early morning, our cells are hives of biosynthetic activity, at least from the virus's viewpoint. So, if a virus tries to take over a cell in the early day, it is far more likely to succeed, and spread faster, than if it encounters a rather less favourable climate in the evening.


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First lets save the simulation as an mp4 and save it at the end. This method makes the simulation faster since there is no visualising happening every step. In this simulation we just make the space ship take a random move each step.
This method is useful for look at the simulation in realtime, but it does make the simulation take longer. It does not save the gif, but if you run this cell you will the image change as the simulation progresses.


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The Evolution of Rice Production Practices
This paper presents a summary of the evolution of major practices in rice production over the last 100 years in the country. These practices essentially evolved out of the changes in the varieties introduced and planted by Filipino farmers, which have to change the manner by which production and postharvest operations have to be done in order to maximize productivity and reduce costs. Varieties were introduced in three major periods: the pre-Green Revolution era dominated mainly by traditional varieties which were planted once a year, the Green Revolution period of 1966 to 1988 which was characterized by the diffusion of modern high-yielding varieties which are planted for two seasons per year, and the post-Green Revolution period from 1989 to the present times. As varieties changed over time, farmers' practices also changed to attain maximum yield potential of the varieties as well as in response to goals of higher productivity, greater efficiency, and, for the present period, environmental sustainability.
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The Whin Sill is one of the special geological features of the North Pennines and forms some of the area's most dramatic landscapes.
The hard, dark rock of the Whin Sill was once molten, but now stands out as spectacular cliffs and waterfalls in Teesdale and on the North Pennine escarpment.
The Whin Sill formed 295 million years ago when stretching of the Earth's crust caused molten rock, or magma, at over 1000°C to rise up from deep within the Earth. It didn't reach the surface but was injected between layers of limestone, shale and sandstone. The magma cooled and solidified underground to form the Whin Sill – a vast sheet of rock up to 80m thick, which lies beneath much of north-east England. After millions of years of erosion the Whin Sill is now partly exposed at the surface.
Crystals and columns
The Whin Sill is made of a hard, dark, crystalline rock called dolerite (known locally as whinstone), which is mainly composed of the minerals pyroxene and feldspar. As it cooled, the Whin Sill contracted, producing vertical cracks along which the rock breaks into rough columns. This is a distinctive feature of most Whin Sill outcrops.
The original sill
The name 'Whin Sill' was first used by local quarrymen. To them 'whin' was a hard dark rock, and'sill' was a term for a flat-lying layer of rock. Geologists who studied the Whin Sill in the 19th century recognised its molten origins and the term'sill' was adopted for all similar bodies of igneous rock. The Whin Sill is thus the original sill of geological science and is well known to geologists worldwide.
Baked rocks and special plants
When the Whin Sill was molten, its great heat baked and altered the surrounding rocks. Limestone turned into a distinctive white crystalline marble, known as Sugar Limestone. This unusual rock is a special feature of parts of Upper Teesdale, where it supports the unique 'Teesdale Assemblage' of arctic-alpine plants, including the beautiful spring gentian.
Find out more by taking a look at The Whin Sill leaflet.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Widad Aljuhani – PhD 2015
My research explores the genetic and morphological diversity of Saudi Arabian date palms.
A date palm grove in Saudi Arabia
A date palm grove in Saudi Arabia
Dates are a key crop and cultural icon of Saudi Arabia. My PhD project is to identify date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars grown in Saudi Arabia, and to detect the confusion in nomenclature intra-cultivar, funded by the Ministry of Higher Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Phoenix dactylifera L. fruits have a high nutritional value while being a very important crop in the Middle East and Africa. There are about 5000 date cultivars worldwide but Saudi Arabia is the second largest producer, with more than 450 cultivars. There is a need to unify the naming of varieties formally and scientifically, in the respective countries, to ensure consistent nomenclature, as well as the importance of conservation of their genetic diversity, and recording of them before extinction. Discrimination among closely related date cultivars is extremely difficult; the first attempts were based on the morphological characteristics of fruits, usually not possible until fruiting (5-7 years), often influenced by environmental conditions, and changes during the growing stages. However, vegetative characteristics are more reliable in distinguishing between date palm varieties, and were less affected by environmental conditions. Recently, there has been an increase in DNA fingerprinting applications.
Fruit of two contrasting date varieties
Fruit of two contrasting date varieties
This project includes extensive collection of samples of fresh palm leaves and fruits, access to different regions and imaging palm in the field. A combined study of morphological characteristics and genetic analysis for the data of these strains is being carried out using modern molecular techniques and preparation of an electronic key based on this data.
During my previous studies in the biological sciences and plant diversity I received training on field trips, which enriched my experiences, helping me to endure hardship and challenges that I had during sample collection and the study of palm in its natural environment; in dry areas and under harsh climatic conditions in the oases and desert.
A fruiting inflorescence of a Saudi Arabian date palm cultivar.
An infructescence of a Saudi Arabian date palm cultivar.
The study at the University of Reading provided me with a good environment in which to participate in scientific seminars, follow useful courses and make contact with experts in my field, all of this has helped to enrich my scientific background. In addition, my membership of some scientific societies; such as The Genetics Society and Date Palm Friends Society have been extremely rewarding.
Recently I have been developing and screening new gender specific markers using the genetic map of Mathew et al. 2014.
My hope is to contribute to the conservation of genetic strains of these varieties, registration of the unique patterns, helping to establish a library of their genetic information.


Domino Daze
What makes a moving object move faster? What makes it slow down or stop? The answer is "a force." You have been investigating how forces affect objects. In this activity, you can observe how a force can cause dominoes to move.
Four dominos standing on end.
Set up four dominoes on end in a row. Ask a family member to apply a gentle force to the first domino. Observe how the force is transferred, one domino at a time, to the other dominoes. This is called a chain reaction. Set up longer chains of dominoes, in straight lines and in curves. Set up chains where the dominoes are different distances apart. With the help of your family member, keep track of how long it takes each chain to fall.
When a force was applied to the first domino, how was that force transferred to the other dominoes? Did the length of a domino chain affect the length of the chain reaction? How did curves in the domino chain affect the chain reaction?


text: A new methodology is proposed to mitigate the high computation cost required to derive accurate Monte Carlo (MC) based system matrix for tomographic image reconstruction. The strategy consists of taking advantage of the symmetries between the lines of response to increase the statistics of data collected for the determination of the system matrix coefficients. By using the rotation and axial symmetries of a cylindrical camera, the number of MC generated events can be reduced substantially without affecting the matrix coefficient accuracy. Moreover, using the GATE simulator list-mode saving capabilities for storing coincidence events, single events and/or single hits with all their relevant information, the MC simulation can be performed only once and system matrices for different system configurations be derived from the same simulation. Using for example Positron emission tomography (PET), the processing of the collected MC data can be fine tuned to the imaging system characteristics by setting accordingly the time and energy blurring, the detector efficiencies, the coincidence time window width and the energy thresholds. The system matrix can also include or exclude PET events like scatters and randoms. Furthermore, the system matrix can be computed for different image grids and basis functions without requiring a new MC simulation to be performed.


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The definition of an inoculum is a substance introduced into the body to create or increase the body's resistance or immunity to a disease.(noun)
A flu vaccine is an example of an inoculum.
See inoculum in Webster's New World College Dictionary
See inoculum in American Heritage Dictionary 4
noun pl. in·oc·u·la (-lə) or in·oc·u·lums
Origin: New Latin
Origin: , from Latin inoculāre, to graft a scion; see inoculate.
Learn more about inoculum


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Discovery Returns Student Experiments From Space Station
9 Aug 2005
(Source: NASA Headquarters)
Headquarters, Washington???????????????????????? August 9, 2005
Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Va.
DISCOVERY RETURNS STUDENT EXPERIMENTS FROM SPACE STATION
When the crew of the Space Shuttle Discovery returned today from their historic mission, they brought back an experiment package eagerly anticipated by students from across the country. The experiments had been on board the International Space Station.
Twenty tiny experiment samples were delivered to the Space Station on December 25, 2004, on board a Russian Progress supply ship. The experiment samples are from 11 schools and organizations representing students in elementary through high school. Eight of these schools and organizations also flew experiments on the Space Shuttle Columbia's last mission in 2003.
The schools and organizations participating in the Space Station experiments:
Central Park Middle School, Scotia, N.Y.
J.M. Bailey School, Bayonne, N.J.
The Mott Hall School, New York
American Museum of Natural History, New York
Shoshone-Bannack High School, Pocatello, Idaho
Bishop Borgess High School, Dearborne Heights, Mich.
Ogdensburg Public School, Ogdensburg, N. J.
East Norriton Middle School, Norristown, Pa.
Shady Side Elementary School, West River, Md.
Columbus High School, Columbus, Ga.
Walkersville Christian Family School, Stockton, Md.
The student experiments contained a variety of materials and seeds in 20 clear vials with lids. Each vial was wrapped in two vacuum bags and placed in a Student Experiment Module Satchel carrier.
The vials are expected to be returned to the schools and organizations at the beginning of the upcoming school year. After receiving the space-flown samples, the students will be able to compare them to ground samples.
For information about the student experiments on the Internet, visit:
For information about NASA education programs on the Internet, visit:
For information about NASA and agency programs on the Internet, visit:


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Track and wayside detectors
BNSF uses a range of sophisticated detection equipment on its network to keep trains operating safely.
A railroad track consists of steel rails, ties and ballast. The ties hold the rails in position; in the U.S. the gauge, or distance between the rails, is 56.5 inches. Most BNSF ties are wood, but concrete ties are also used.
The rails are restrained from moving by anchors on wood ties and elastic clips on concrete ties. If they weren't restrained, a 100-degree temperature change in the rails (a common occurrence over the course of a year) could cause the network to grow or shrink up to 25 miles due to expansion and contraction.
BNSF uses ballast made up of crushed rock to keep the track structure stable and well drained.


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The purpose of this report is to provide information concerning injury mortality among infants, children (ages 1-14) and adolescents (ages 15-19) in Arizona. The data for 1997 are placed in a temporal context by comparison with the data for the preceding ten years.
Data on the number and characteristics of injury deaths among Arizona residents 19 years old or younger were obtained from the death certificates filed with the Arizona Department of Health Services.
In this report, fatal injuries as the underlying cause of death are defined and coded according to ICD-9* in the following manner:
Population denominators for Arizona residents, used to calculate rates, are projections from the Population Statistics Unit in the Arizona Department of Economic Security (data for _PHONE_ and _PHONE_) and the U.S. Census Bureau (data for 1990 and data by ethnic group for 1997). Detailed population data by gender, age and county were unavailable for _PHONE_. In order to obtain the population denominators for these two years, the 1990 percentages of population breakdowns (or census shares) were applied to 1991 and 1992 total state or county population estimates published by the DES.
Office of Epidemiology and Statistics
Bureau of Public Health Statistics
Arizona Department of Health Services
Phone: _PHONE_
FAX: _PHONE_


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National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Facility, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Data Center Description
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS) was established in 1989 to process and analyze a large number of small volume seawater samples (>13,700) collected as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). An ongoing commitment to automation and high-precision 14C AMS measurements has allowed NOSAMS to successfully meet the goals of the WOCE program while providing over 17,000 AMS radiocarbon results (carbon dating ) to non-WOCE investigators from a wide variety of carbon-bearing materials.
All of the formal WOCE program samples have been analyzed as of the spring of 2002, and all Pacific and Indian Ocean data have been released to the WOCE Hydrographic Office. The Atlantic Ocean dataset is expected to be released by the summer of 2002. AMS analyses are reported with a routine precision of below 4 per mil (thousand) on samples with a 14C content of more than 70 % of that of a modern sample.
NOSAMS accepts samples from all qualified research laboratories and charges fees that vary according to the difficulty of analysis and the nature of the project. Samples from federally supported research programs receive the lowest rates. Overall, the objective of this facility is to support research in all studies of global change.