text:
Coxs Creek (Belfield, New South Wales)
Course and features
Coxs Creek rises northeast of Punchbowl railway station and flows generally north northeast, before reaching its confluence with the Cooks River, at Strathfield South. Over time the creek has been extensively modified and is now largely a storm drain that flows about 3km. Prior to development of the area the creek drained paperbark swamps that were formerly near the junction of Roberts Road and Juno Parade. Over time the creek has been extensively modified and rerouted. As with most drainage channels in the area it has been lined along much of its length. Coxs Creek drains a total catchment of 8.8|km2|sqmi}}.
The creek begins as a stormwater drain, then runs in the open through the Coxs Creek Wetland, a 1.84ha reserve containing significant remnant bushland including some Cooks River Castlereagh Ironbark Forest habitat. Including tree specimens of mugga ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon), narrow-leaved ironbark (E. crebra), broad-leaved ironbark (E. fibrosa), and tallowwood (E. microcorys). The forest habitat is noted as an endangered ecological community. Acacia pubescens (Downy Wattle) is a vulnerable flora species present as is the locally endangered Tadgell's Bluebell (Wahlenbergia multicaulis). The endangered Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) has been recorded and frog ponds constructed as part of the creek. The frog has not been seen in the creek since 1995, though they are still present in the nearby constructed wetlands at the Juno Parade Brick Pit.
In 2005 Sydney Ports Corporation proposed works including fauna corridors and "frog ramps" to encourage their return. Along much of its length the creek is a combination of covered channel and an uncovered concrete lined trench. As the creek passes through the reserve it is open and the 2010 management plan calls for restoration of this part of the creek and the adjacent riparian zone.
- Australian Wetlands Pty Ltd (July 2010). Cox's creek wetland and reserve; Plan of management. Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority.
- "Enfield Intermodal Logistics Centre Landscape and Unban Design Concept Plan" (PDF). Sydney Ports Corporation. June 2005. _URL_
- "Cooks River catchment" (map). Office of Environment and Heritage. Government of New South Wales. _URL_


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text:
|Version 5 (modified by nicklas, 13 months ago)|
Explanation of distance-calculation, overview
The distance-calculation of today (before PostGIS 1.5) is investigating every combination of vertexes and every combination of vertex against edge in the two geometries inputed. If there is many vertexes this procedure is very heavy and slow. I have tried to find a way to narrow the distances calculated. The idea is only applicable on geometries not intersecting. Hopefully there will come up some good idea how to solve that. Until then the easiest is to check for intersecting bounding boxes (of subgeoms) and if thats the case pass it back to the old calculation.
Here I will try to explain the idea in a good way. Here is two polygons that we want to calculate the smallest distance between.
We start by finding an appropriate line between the polygons. The best one is the line between the center of the bounding boxes.
Now we want to find how every vertex is placed along this line. We illustrate this with two perpendicular lines describing p5 in polygon1 and p12 in polygon2.
Where those lines cross the x-axis gives us a value of where the points is situated along the line. We store that value for each vertex and order the vertexes by this value. P5 in polygon1 has the highest value of polygon1 and p12 has the lowest of polygon2. The first distance we calculate is between those two points. Because we not will calculate the points in ring order we have to also check the edge before and after, so we are testing polygon1 p4, p5, p6 against p11, p12, p13. That calculation will give us a shortest distance between p6 in polygon 1 and p13 in polygon2.
We now know that the distance we are searching is somewhere between the distance between the two parallel lines and the distance that we we have found between the points p6 and p13.
Now we take p5 from polygon1 and measure that to the points in polygon2 in order from closest to the line to more far away. We continue til we have reached the point that is that far from the left line like the shortest distance we have found that far. Then we take the next point in polygon1, p8 that is the point next closest to the line and do the same procedure, measuring against each point in polygon2 until we are «out of reach» for the already found shortest distance. This way we continue until the next point in polygon1 we are picking up is more far away from the right of the parallel lines than the shortest distance we have found. Then there can be no shorter distances to find. As mentioned earlier every check between two points include checking the point before and the point after including the edges in between.
The result is a distance calculated like described by this line from st_shortestline.
The gain from this process is that we don't have to iterate through all point. But as shown every point we actually investigate needs more calculations than todays functions because we have to search both forward and backward for each calculated point. Maybe, because of this it is wise to just use this method if the number of vertexes is more than 20 or something like that.
How this is done
This calculation is implanted instead of the array_array function when there is no intersection.
I don't know if the letters used is international but to describe a function of a line I here use y=k*x + z
The steps are:
- Find bounding box for the two point arrays
- Check if bounding boxes intersecting. If so, send to old function
- Find center of bounding boxes and calculate deltax and deltay from the two points
- Calculate the "z" value from y=kx+z for each vertex with k-value from the slope between the two bbox-center points. To eliminate problems with dividing with zero and other limitations when getting closer to dividing with zero we instead change the x-axes with the y-axes by "mirroring" the coordinate system. In that way the "z"-value represents a lines crosspoint to the x-axes instead of the usual y-axes crossing. Hope it is understandable since I don't know the terminology, but it works :-)
- Now we have a list with all vertexes with this calculated "z"-values together with the ordering-value from the geometry-array.
- We order this list by the calculated "z"-value
- Now we take the two points from our list that is most close to each other according to this "z"-value and calculate the distance between them. We translate the distance value so it will be comparable with our "z"-values
- Now, we start the iteration through the vertexes. We iterate in the z-value order, which means we compare points close to the other geometry according to our z-values before we compare the values more far away. We also stop the iteration at ones the next vertex is more far away from the other geometry than our smallest found distance so far. This will narrow the search for each new mindistance we find.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Teaching toward a world without war
Elizabeth Gray Vining, 1902–1999
A Philadelphia native and member of Germantown Monthly Meeting, Elizabeth Gray Vining published her first book for young adults at the age of 22, and went on to publish over 60 more in her lifetime. At the age of 42, Elizabeth wrote weekly releases on the activities of AFSC for Quaker papers and other religious publications, when she was selected to be the first woman to tutor the crown prince of Japan.
Her name had been suggested to the education commission by then Executive Secretary Clarence E. Pickett, who had visited Emperor Hirohito and heeded his request for help in finding an American tutor for the crown prince. After listing Elizabeth's many accomplishments in a letter of recommendation, Clarence Pickett added that she was "one of the most lovely and cultured women that I have ever known," but "she would not lift a finger to seek the appointment."
Once chosen, the American press expressed Elizabeth's position as an opportunity to spread the values of American democracy. But she was clear that this was an opportunity to build bridges: "I am not here in Japan as a missionary," she declared. "I will present my views and let my pupil go on from there… I hope I can contribute to the peace and understanding of the world. The emphasis will be on a world without war, and on nations working together for peace."


text:
- The Bitcoin alert key was implemented in Bitcoin's software in 2010
- The key was implemented after the value overflow bug in 2010
- What was the alert key and what was its purpose?
The Bitcoin alert key is being misconstrued by supporters of the BSV blockchain as a rationale for the coin recovery tool that it launched last month. Its supporters claim that by implementing a tool that can freeze and reassign BSV coins, the blockchain is re-implementing a tool that was already present in Bitcoin but that was removed. However, the reality behind the implementation of the alert key in Bitcoin's early days is very different.
The Value Overflow Bug
The Bitcoin alert key was hastily implemented by Satoshi Nakamoto on August 15, 2010. This was in the wake of the 'value overflow incident', where someone was able to exploit some code that was used for checking Bitcoin transactions. This resulted in 184 billion extra bitcoin being created, which, obviously would have broken the protocol had it not been spotted and fixed.
Satoshi implemented a fix within three hours via a hard fork (Bitcoin's first), and later implemented the alert key system, whose purpose he explained in a blog post on Bitcointalk:
In cases like the overflow bug or a fork where users may not be able to trust received payments, the alert should keep old versions mostly safe until they upgrade. Someday when we haven't found any new bugs for a long time and it has been thoroughly security reviewed without finding anything, this can be scaled back. I'm not arguing that this is the permanent way of things forever. It's still beta software.
Alert Key Was Not a Coin Freezing Tool
So the alert key was a short-term additional layer of defense against hackers, with node operators and miners informed via an alert that the software had been compromised and to take action. It was never, as much as the BSV contingent like to claim, intended to be used to freeze anyone's coins with a court order.
How do we know this? We can surmise it because it was never, ever discussed, or even suggested as a possible knock on effect, by any of the parties talking about its implementation in 2010 or its removal in 2016. If there was any possibility that arbitrate confiscation of coins was a ramification of the alert key, someone would have mentioned it.
The alert key lay dormant until it was activated in February 2012, a false positive triggered by a protocol change. In 2016, the alert system was retired because of the possibility of privileged users sending political alert messages, and because of the possibility that the alert key was taken from Mt. Gox CEO Mark Karpelès by the Japanese police after his arrest in 2014.
As we know, this was in line with Satoshi's wishes, with the alert key only supposed to be in place until Bitcoin was sufficiently bug-free, completely opposed to the idea of Craig Wright collecting thousands of BSV coins he says were stolen in a highly improbable hack in 2020.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Putting the geospatial puzzle together
Each year, a group of civic-minded volunteers under the local non-government organizations in Cambodia organize the Science & Engineering Festival Exposition and Workshop (CSEF) in partnership with the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport. This year's event was held in the Phnom Penh National Stadium from March 9-11, 2017.
"We want to allow our young people to enter into the future with certainty." - H.E. Dr. Hang Chuon Naron, Minister of Education Youth and Sport, Cambodia
CSEF engages young people in learning and getting involved in areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Students across the country are invited to participate and engage with teachers and practitioners to learn more about the opportunities that exist with STEM.
"This festival will give you the opportunity to embrace change, embrace technology, and the knowledge to be part of that change." - H.E. Dr. Hang Chuon Naron, Minister of Education Youth and Sport
Over 25,000 students took part in the festival, seeing how they can get involved with STEM. As part of the United States government (USG) pavilion, the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) and SERVIR-Mekong held a booth exhibition to engage students with geospatial information systems (GIS).
Funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and in partnership with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), SERVIR-Mekong harnesses the power of space technology to address development challenges in the Lower Mekong region. ADPC, a recognized leader in strengthening disaster resilience in Asia, is the prime implementer for SERVIR-Mekong. Three other consortium partners, Spatial Informatics Group (SIG), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and Deltares, assist in implementing the SERVIR-Mekong program
Engaging young students on issues of earth observation data can be challenging. The ADPC booth aimed to simplify the concept of GIS into a practical and interactive learning opportunity. Students were asked to play the role of a satellite by putting together a puzzle of Phnom Penh. Students could see and point out landmarks and different landscapes and understand the immense potential of satellite data for development.
"Participatory learning is important for young people. They want to see more images and photos, which helps drive the learning process." - H.E. Dr. Hang Chuon Naron, Minister of Education Youth and Sport
Throughout the event, students were able to learn about geospatial technology and how earth observation data provides immense opportunities for better development and environmental management. The future is bright with Cambodia's next generation of scientists.
See the full photo story here: _URL_


Punishment of 10 lashes
Punishment of 10 lashes Punishment of 10 lashes
Download Urdu Download Hindi
A new teacher becomes master of the village school. He is a small man, and the parents are afraid that he will not be able to control their unruly children.
In the first class, the teacher tells the children to decide on the rules for class behaviour. Together they decide to abide by the following rules:
The teacher asks, "How should these crimes be punished?"
One of the senior boys says, "They should be punished with 10 lashes."
Later another boy steals the lunch of this senior boy. He is caught, and the teacher says that the crime must be punished.
However, the senior boy sees that the boy to be punished is weak and is not able to bear the punishment. So he tells the teacher to punish him instead.
This is what al-Masih did for us. He took on the punishment that we deserved.


text:
Keywords: nuclear desalination, reverse osmosis, recent performances, price, cost reduction, water quality, simulation, nuclear energy, simulation, modelling, seawater desalination
Water desalination price from recent performances: modelling, simulation and analysis
The subject of the present article is the technical simulation of seawater desalination, by a one stage reverse osmosis system, the objectives of which are the recent valuation of cost price through the use of new membrane and permeator performances, the use of new means of simulation and modelling of desalination parameters, and show the main parameters influencing the cost price. We have taken as the simulation example the Seawater Desalting centre of Djannet (Boumerdes, Algeria). The present performances allow water desalting at a price of 0.5 $/m³, which is an interesting and promising price, corresponding with the very acceptable water product quality, in the order of 269 ppm. It is important to run the desalting systems by reverse osmosis under high pressure, resulting in further decrease of the desalting cost and the production of good quality water. Aberration in choice of functioning conditions produces high prices and unacceptable quality. However there exists the possibility of decreasing the price by decreasing the requirement on the product quality. The seawater temperature has an effect on the cost price and quality. The installation of big desalting centres, contributes to the decrease in prices. A very important, long and tedious calculation is effected, which is impossible to conduct without programming and informatics tools. The use of the simulation model has been much efficient in the design of desalination centres that can perform at very improved prices.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Cloris has sent letters to nearly 300 retirement communities urging the facilities that have caged birds or other captive animals on display to work with PETA to move them to more humane settings. And she's asking each of the communities to pledge not to keep birds or any other animals caged in the future.
"It is insulting to suggest that retired, elderly individuals can be entertained by watching miserable birds spend their entire lives unable to follow their instincts," she writes. "Cages deny birds all that is natural and important to them—including room to fly, fresh air, and enough water to bathe in."
Cloris contends that kind senior citizens like herself would much rather watch wild birds in a natural setting—for example, munching on seeds outdoors, splashing in bird baths, building nests in trees, and flitting from plant to plant in bird-friendly gardens—than see them languishing in tiny cages.
We'll keep you updated as communities take Cloris' advice and let birds fly free.


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ECON 235: Introduction to Agricultural Markets
(3-0) Cr. 3. F.S.
Prereq: ECON 101
Basic concepts and economics principles related to markets for agricultural inputs and products. Overview of current marketing problems faced by farms and agribusinesses, farm and retail price behavior, structure of markets, food marketing channels, food quality and food safety, and the role of agriculture in the general economy. The implications of consumer preferences at the farm level. Introduction to hedging, futures, and other risk management tools.


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Volateq GmbH was founded in 2020 by Dr. Christoph Prahl, Wolfgang Reinalter and Anne Schlierbach from the DLR Institute for Solar Research.
The founding team has already been active in research and development for the solar industry for many years. More than 10 years ago, the paths of the three crossed in sunny Almería in southern Spain, where they worked together on research projects and industrial contracts at the Plataforma Solar De Almeria (PSA). They saw potential to improve solar energy performance and founded their start-up in autumn 2020.
Volateq offers its customers easy-to-use software with automated analysis tools for airborne condition monitoring of solar thermal power plants and photovoltaic systems. With the products VolaTrough and VolaVoltaic, power plants can realize autonomous and flexible condition monitoring of solar fields, which at the same time is significantly cheaper and faster than is currently common.
The basis for this is provided by the QFly technology developed at DLR and awarded the SolarPACES Technology Award. It analyses aerial images of collectors taken by drones flying over the solar field. Volateq has expanded the technology in order to be able to offer automated condition detection on the market.
The company works with portfolio owners and asset managers to detect and correct anomalies and misalignments in assets that can affect energy production.
Regular flyovers are conducted to compare the conditions of different parts of the plant and look at changes over time. With further measures to improve safety and efficiency, it is possible to implement predictive maintenance strategies.
The vision: to accelerate a global, sustainable energy supply.
Volateq's mission is to provide user-friendly and reliable airborne condition monitoring for solar plants to improve their performance, productivity, safety and cost efficiency.


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It may be best known for being the first part of the country to be sighted by Captain Cook in 1769 and its claim to be the first city in the world to see the sunlight, but in green building and construction, the small rural town of Gisborne and surrounding areas in northeastern New Zealand is fast becoming known for being the quickest regional area to take advantage of a government program to provide insulation into homes.
New Zealand Minister for Energy and Resources Phil Heatley says more than 25 per cent of all homes within the Gisborne region, otherwise known as the East Cape, East Coast or Eastland region, have used subsidies to install ceiling or underfloor insulation under the government's Warm Up New Zealand: Heat Smart program.
All up, Heatley says 3,962 houses within the region have been insulated, including 2,894 low income homes and 808 families living in rental accommodation.
In addition to having the highest portion of homes being insulated under the subsidy, the Gisborne region also has a take-up rate among low income households of around 73 per cent, compared with a national average of around half for the rest of the country.
Heatley says the benefits of insulation spread beyond environmental considerations and improve overall health and well-being, with flow on benefits including reduced absenteeism at work and school, higher productivity and greater levels of comfort for householders.
He also says research has demonstrated that $NZ5 worth of overall benefits are achieved for every one dollar invested in the program, primarily as a result of reduced health costs.
"Insulation makes a house warmer and more comfortable," Heatley says. "It also makes it easier and cheaper to heat, and has a lot to do with preventing illness, particularly for the elderly, children, and people with respiratory problems."
Having started on July 1, 2009, the $347 million program has retrofitted more than 150,000 homes throughout the country with insulation at no cost to home occupants, and the government aims to increase this number to 230,000 by the time the program comes to the conclusion of its four-year period in June next year.
At these numbers, however, the program will only cover just over one quarter of the 900,000 homes throughout the country which New Zealand's Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority estimates had substandard insulation at the time of the program's inception in 2009/10.
Because of this, policy makers on all sides readily acknowledge that much more will need to be done in this area beyond the conclusion of the current initiative.


firstnameStringNo
-lastnameStringNo
A Product can have multiple LineItems. The Product table defines the columns shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Product table
Key typeColumn nameData typeAllows null
Primary, autoproductidStringNo
PrimaryproductnameStringNo
-priceDoubleNo
A LineItem can have only one Order and one Product. The LineItem table defines the columns shown in Table 4.
Table 4. LineItem table
Key typeColumn nameData typeAllows null
Primary key, foreign key to OrderorderfkStringNo
Primary key, foreign key to ProductproductfkStringNo
Foreign key to AddressaddressfkStringNo
-quantityIntegerNo
-statusStringNo
-taxDoubleNo
-shipmentdateDateNo
The Address table defines the columns shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Address table
Key typeColumn nameData typeAllows null
Primary keyaddressidStringNo
-street1StringNo
-street2StringYes
-postcodeStringNo
-cityStringNo
-countryStringNo
You can download the DDL (data description language) script from the Resources section to create the schema in your database.
Step 2: Write the CMP entity beans without relationships
This step is important, but not mandatory. Developing the beans without the relationships is a simple pragmatic approach I usually take in the development process. Testing the basic getters and setters is easier without the relationships. This would be the first step in testing your beans, prior to testing the relationships. As you get used to the EJB 2.0 model, you can begin to merge Steps 2 and 3.
I will focus on the Order table that has a one-to-many relationship with LineItemCustomer. I will introduce a few simple EJBGen tags.
Again, remember EJBGen's main advantage here: we only work on the bean class; EJBGen generates the rest. The bean class without the relationships looks like this:
package org.jyperion.order;
import org.jyperion.framework.AbstractEntityBean;
import org.jyperion.framework.PrimaryKeyGenerator;
/**
 * OrderEntityBean
 *
 * @ejbgen:entity
 * ejb-name = OrderBean
 * table-name = OrderBean
 * data-source-name = jdbc/JavaWorldPool
 * prim-key-class = java.lang.String
 * default-transaction = Required
 *
 * @ejbgen:jndi-name
 * remote = OrderBean
 * local = OrderBeanLocal
 *
 * @ejbgen:finder
 * signature = "Collection findAllOrders()"
 * ejb-ql = "SELECT OBJECT(O) FROM OrderBean O"
 * transaction-attribute = Required
 *
 * @ejbgen:finder
 * signature = "Collection findAllPendingOrders()"
 * ejb-ql = "SELECT OBJECT(O) FROM OrderBean O WHERE O.status = 'PENDING'"
 * transaction-attribute = Required
 *
 * @author Thierry Janaudy
 * @date 12 November 2001
 * @version 1.0
 */
public abstract class OrderBean extends AbstractEntityBean {
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Container Managed Persistent Fields //
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /**
 * @ejbgen:cmp-field column = orderid
 * @ejbgen:primkey-field
 */
 public abstract String getOrderId();
 public abstract void setOrderId(String orderid);
 /**
 * @ejbgen:cmp-field column = status
 * @ejbgen:remote-method
 * @ejbgen:local-method
 */
 public abstract String getStatus();
 public abstract void setStatus(String status);
 /**
 * @ejbgen:cmp-field column = creditApproved
 * @ejbgen:remote-method
 * @ejbgen:local-method
 */
 public abstract Boolean getCreditApproved();
 public abstract void setCreditApproved(Boolean creditApproved);
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Container Managed Relation Fields //
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Create methods //
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 public String ejbCreate(String status) {
 this.setOrderId(PrimaryKeyGenerator.getUUID(this));
 return null;
 }
 public void ejbPostCreate(String status) {
 this.setStatus(status);
 }
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Overridden methods //
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Business methods //
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
}
This bean class is part of the org.jyperion.order package that you can find in the source code.
As you can see, the Javadoc is pretty straightforward:
1 2 Page 1
Page 1 of 2


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What is the maximum static pressure?
The pressure difference inside and outside the Unit when the flow rate is adjusted to zero (0 m3/min.) at the flow measurement unit. This would be the pressure in front of the Unit when the front of the fan was completely sealed.
Unit: Ps max. (Pa)


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It is only right that the people of Ulster should use this anniversary to pause and reflect on the dedication and sacrifice given by so many in the maintenance of law and order in Northern Ireland from 1921 to 1970.
During years of sterling and committed service these men stood shoulder to shoulder with our country's armed forces and the people of Northern Ireland in the defence of a democratic way of life. They emerged to defend us all from the threat of terrorism directed at the newly emerging Northern Ireland in 1921, played a crucial role as part of the Home Guard movement during the Second World War, defended peace and democracy from the ravages of the terrorist threat between 1956 – 1962 and again during the early years of the current terrorist threat to Northern Ireland.
As part of this selfless service many paid the supreme sacrifice with 246 names currently recorded on the USC memorial at Lichfield.
On this 40th anniversary I would like to pay personal tribute to all those who served in the Ulster Special Constabulary and their families demonstrating that they and their contribution have not been forgotten by a grateful Ulster people."
Drew Nelson LL.B
Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland
30 April 2010


text:
spryte (plural sprytes)
- Alternative spelling of
- Archaic or pseudo-archaic spelling of spirit.
- (also Spryte) An off-road vehicle moving on tracks, which is used in amphibious and polar travel.
- (computer graphics, rare) Alternative spelling of (small image representing an entity in a video game)
1995, David L. Needle & Robert Nical, Method for controlling a spryte rendering processor, US Patent _PHONE_:
- A spryte can include scan-lines with no pixels in them, and particular pixels within a spryte can be designated as transparent.


text:
Drupal is not object oriënted (OO). No really, it is not! It merely borrows some design principles from OO, and uses some design concepts (such as the Observer Pattern, or hooks, in Drupal) from OO. Though many Module developers actually use another design principle, that of Classes. When creating a module, one can borrow almost all ideas from the (good) design of classes, to create a good design for a module.
Maybe you think: "Why should I design my module"? (When I say design, I do not mean graphical, or UI design, but technical design, often called software architecture). If you ask yourself that, then get back to your developed modules. They may be so small, and welldesigned that you are a natural talent. But more often, you will let them grow, maintain them, add features and think everytime "I should really rewrite this module from scratch". The problem is't that the ad-hoc is a bad way of coding. But that good abstraction, good design, offers many benefits. It not only make your projects easier to run, it also makes your sites a lot more stable, predictable and -overallbetter to use maintain and extend.
Good classes, and hence good modules, have several benefits:
- You can hide implementation details
- Changes don't affect the whole Drupal environment
- The Drupal environment is more obviously correct
- You don't have to pass data all over your entire Drupal
- You are able to work with real-world (and website) entities rather then with low-level implementation structures. —Taken, and adapted from Code Complete, second edition Working Classes, p127-128
But first let me answer the question whether modules can be compared to classes, at all. The Drupal handbook, Introduction to Drupal modules writes:
...[a module] is more of a concept that encourages good design principles. Modularity also suits the open-source development model, because it allows a number of developers to contribute functionality to Drupal without risk of interference.(emphasis added)
Those are reasons why classes were created in the first place: as a good design principle, to lower the risk of interference. Or, to avoid changes infecting your entire Drupal site.
But, more important, is that modules in Drupal are supposed to be highly focused: do one task and do that well. The general idea in Drupal, is that not a forum module offers all features phpBB offers, but that a phpBB-alike forum is achieved by pulling together many modules: often one module for each feature you wish to introduce. This mathces that other great benefit of Classes: You are able to work with real-world (and website) entities rather then with low-level implementation structures..
The User Display api, offers a consistent, focused programming interface to deal with statii of users. When I talk of interfaces, I mean programming interfaces, not user interfaces (UIs). Interfaces in Drupal are hooks, theme-functions, database-api functions, and public functions. Eventhough Drupal, or actually PHP, has no proper support for setting the scope of data and methods (functions), the Drupal convention is to prefix private functions with an _underscore().
So, instead of a forum module that has several features to control the display of the online status of users, Drupal encourages the use of several modules, on top of Drupal core, to introduce such features by themselves.
The answer therefore is: "no, modules are not really classes", but rather "Good Drupal modules follow a lot of design principles of classes in OO". You cn approach a module as you would approach a class. But you cannot use all the concepts from classes in a Drupal module.
I took the liberty to modify McConnells, the author of Code Complete, checklist from the book Code Complete and adjusted it to suit module development. He writes a checklist that you can use to see if your classes and their use is Good. Another book to read on this is Design Patterns by the Band of Four. The latter is slightly more academic, but still great if you want to become a better Drupal developer.
I adjusted the checklist from Code Complete, so it becomes a checklist that shows you if your module is Good. It makes a great checklist for writing awesome modules:
Abstract Data Types
- Have you thought of the modules in your drupal implementation as Abstract Data Types and evaluated their interfaces from that point of view? (Where, again, interfaces are programming interfaces, not UI's)
- Does the module have a central purpose?
- Is the module well named, and does its name describe its central purpose?
- Does the modules's interface present a consistent abstraction?
- Does the modules's interface make obvious how you should use the class?
- Is the modules's interface abstract enough that you don't have to think about how its services are implemented? Can you treat the module as a black box?
- Are the modules's services complete enough that other modules don't have to meddle with its internal data?
- Has unrelated information, user interfaces and functionality been moved out of the module?
- Have you thought about subdividing the module into smaller modules, and have you subdivided it as much as you can?
- Are you preserving the integrity of the modules's interface as you modify the class? (i.e: Can you provide backwards compatibility, without losing the ability to change the code in your module?)
- Does the module minimize accessibility to its internal functions?
- Does the modules avoid exposing data, such as global or accessible variables?
- Does the module hide its implementation details from other modules as much as the used concepts (hooks, theme, etc.) permit?
- Does the module avoid making assumptions about its users (the other modules using this module, not users visting the site), including its derived modules (modules depending on this module)?
- Is the module independent of other modules? Is it loosely coupled? (i.e a form_alter that expects forms to be in an exact state are tightly coupled, a nodeapi inserting a new piece of data into a node is loosely coupled.)
- Is inheritance used only to model "is a" relationships? (i.e. dog.module, depends on mammal.module, but never on user.module)
- Does the class documentation describe the inheritance strategy? (i.e. when Module Cat depends on module feline, does it tell this to the users?)
- Do derived modules avoid "overriding" non overridable routines? In PHP and Drupal only achievable by well-commented code.
- Are inheritance trees fairly shallow?
Other Implementation Issues
- Does the module contain about seven data members (public functions) or fewer?
- Does the module minimize direct and indirect routine (function) calls to other modules?
- Does the module collaborate with other modules only to the extent absolutely necessary?
If you want more in-depth information on these statements, please refer to Code Complete, second edition, Chapter 6. Or leave a comment below so that I can try to explain it in more detail.
In general, the idea is that all rules of thumb that apply to designing good Classes, are usefull for designing good modules. Keep it small, simple, focused and try to hide as many as possible for others. In Drupal that would mean: provide hook_implementations, but keep all the other functions private. That function that iterates over the latest coffee-mugs to extract their avialability in the shop: should never be available to other modules.
You can prefix private functions with an underscore, such as __coffeemugs_extract_availability(). Or stick them in include-files, and mention in the code-comments that others should keep away from your inc files, at all times! Avoid calling functions in include files. Avoid calling any function in any other module, unless it is explicitely advertised as "usable by others". Try to avoid introducing such functions as often as possible, rather create a new hook, which, by its nature, is public.
Keep your module focused. A print_and_pdf_and_mail_for_nodes.module is a bad module. An "alternative_rendering.module", with inheriting modules "print.module", "pdf.module" and mail.module" is far, far better design.
And go read Code Complete. It will make you a happier Drupal developer.


text:
If you use a donation or subscription alert system like TwitchAlerts, or maybe you are using BraneBot's polling system, chances are you've been given a long URL that you're expected to plug in somewhere in order for it to display on your stream. This URL requires using a Browser Source in your broadcasting software.
What are Browser Sources?
Why use Browser Sources?
Browser Sources make it possible to use web-based content as sources in your scenes instead of capturing them with a Window Capture source. Don't spend a bunch of time launching your alert systems and making sure Window Capture is properly configured before each stream. This will also save you precious monitor space. Once you set up the alerts in your broadcasting platform, you're done! That includes interactive flash applications, websites and so on. So if you are looking for a way to show donation or subscription notifications or an interactive polling system on the screen for your viewers, Browser Source is the way to go.
How to set up Browser Sources for streaming?
- Download the CLR Browser Plugin
- Classic OBS: Extract the files to the 'Plugins folder' for OBS (Path is likely C:/Program Files/OBS/plugins). Make sure to add it to either the 32 or 64-bit OBS version depending on which you use.
- OBS Studio: Extract the files. You'll get a folder called 'obs-plugins'. Throw this into your obs-studio folder to overwrite your current plugins folder.
- Launch OBS
- Add a Source -> Browser Source
- Enter the URL you were provided. Enter the height and width. If dimensions weren't recommended, you can edit your Browser Source properties to find a suitable size.
- In the lower left corner click Add -> Other -> Webpage URL
- Enter the URL you were provided.
- The URL will appear under the Scene you added it to. Right click on it, or press Settings in the lower left corner to customize size and other options.
Stuck and need some help? Pop into our Discord server and talk to fellow streamers.


text:
Table of contents
About this book
This book reports on the objectives, methods used and difficulties faced by the RAVE research projects, and presents the results and their significance for the future use of offshore wind energy in a style that is understandable for everyone.
Readers are given a comprehensive and comprehensible overview of the current status of offshore wind energy research and the results of the research activities.
Offshore wind energy will play a significant role in our future energy supply, yet this development has really only just begun. A large team of experts from the fields of research, industry, public administration and government therefore set themselves the goal of investigating the current and fundamental issues relating to the use of offshore wind energy. Over 100 researchers in the RAVE (Research at Alpha Ventus) initiative worked on interdisciplinary research projects with the aim of expanding our knowledge and finding application-oriented solutions for offshore wind energy. Their work has contributed to establishing offshore wind energy as a reliable, sustainable and economical long term source of energy.
The Alpha Ventus test field, Germany's first offshore wind farm, provided the prerequisites for this research. The wind farm was furnished with a large number of measuring instruments, and the over 1200 measurement parameters recorded can now be accessed in a central research archive. The RAVE initiative researchers thus have the unique opportunity of using a great amount of measurement data recorded at an operational wind farm. The data is evaluated locally at research facilities across the whole of Germany.
Project managers and employees of the RAVE research initiative, copy edited by Björn Johnsen
Michael Durstewitz and Bernhard Lange (Fraunhofer IWES)


text:
Peak Search Help
- Use this option to search for a certain peak, quickly listing all peaks that match your search string.
- For Peak Search, you must enter at least three characters.
- Do not enter any wildcard characters--the search automatically searches any part of a name.
- Do not abbreviate any words. Type "Mount Saint Helens", not "Mt. St. Helens".
- The maximum number of search results for any Peak Search is about 100.
- For common peak names, you can filter by selecting a Nation and/or State from the drop-down lists. Select a blank row to clear this filter.
- Searching is not case-sensitive and ignores all accents and diacritics.
- The results are in order of how many page hits a Peak has received on this site, so the most popular results should be listed first.
Radius Search Help
- This will return a list all nearest peaks to a point, ordered by distance from the given point.
- For Radius Search, use WGS84 decimal degrees for latitude and longitude. South latitude and west longitude are negative. For example: 47.5, -122.84
- Radius Search results will only find peaks within 100 km of the latitude/longitude, and only the closest 20 peaks if there are more than 20.
- To do a Radius Search around a peak, do a "Peak/Range Search" first, and the results will have a "Radius Search" link for every returned peak.
- Checking one of the "Ladder" boxes will return a list of peaks in ascending order of elevation or prominence, starting from the given point.
- Every page for an individual peak on the site has a "Radius Search" link, plus links for the Elevation and Prominence Ladders.
Mountain Range Search Help
- Use this option to search for a mountain range. The rules for searching match those used for a Peak Search.
Site Search Help
- Use this option to search for text in trip reports, peak descriptions, or any other text on the site.
- The Site Search may not have indexed recently added or updated content.


text:
Free example essay on Matthias Scheilden:
Matthias Scheilden was born on April 5, 1804. He was born in Hamburg, Germany. He died on June 23, 1881. He made a significant impact in science. He came up with a cell theory, which had a large effect of scientific attention to living processes as they happened on the cellular level. His work initiated the field of embryology.
Scheilden first studied law in Heidelberg. In 1826 he received a doctorate and became an attorney in Hamburg, his hometown. He was not as successful in this as he hoped, and he did not enjoy this field of work.
In 1832 he changed his mind about law and decided to study medicine in Goettingen. One of his teachers there got him interesting in botany. He went to Berlin in 1835 and spent time with his uncle, J. Horkel, and another man, Richard Brown. They were both scientists who studied mainly plant anatomy, and based most of their work on questions about the cell formation. Many scientists during this time were interested in the cell formation also….


text:
Monitoring structural displacement with millimetre accuracy
26 October 2010
Laser distance sensors, which feature a useful integral display of measured values, have proved their worth in a challenging civil engineering project high above San Francisco Bay
The Oakland Bay five-lane, double-deck toll bridge connecting Oakland and San Francisco, carries about 300,000 vehicles a day. Following a severe earthquake in 1989, the decision was taken to replace part of this vital link with a new bridge, a project that required the temporary realignment of a 100m long, 3,200ton section of the existing bridge in order to make space for the new construction.
The new 3,600ton bridge section was placed in position over three days in the Spring of 2009 by Dutch civil engineering contractor, Mammoet. Of necessity, this heavy-duty operation required continuous and accurate monitoring, so Mammoet appointed Syrinx Industrial Electronics (_URL_) to develop a central monitoring system for the project that would allow all movements to be displayed graphically in real time on a large, 42in screen.
The measuring devices chosen by Syrinx for this challenging application were Leuze electronic type ODSL laser distance sensors, which feature robust construction and a useful integral display that allows measured values to be read at the sensor itself, greatly simplifying set-up. Once fixed to their mounting plates, the alignment of these sensors was easily adjusted using magnetic fixtures. A total of 31 laser distance sensors and some 16 pressure sensors were used in this monitoring application.
During the move, the bridge section was lifted by approximately 30cm and moved laterally by means of hydraulic rams, the positions of which were measured by Leuze's type ODSL 96B laser distance sensors transmitting 4-20mA analogue signals. The horizontal movement, over a maximum displacement of 30m, was measured by Leuze type ODSL 30 laser distance sensors, chosen for their RS485 output. Syrinx designed a system to convert this high-resolution output into a high-accuracy 4-20mA analogue signal in order to achieve the degree of precision required over the entire 30m displacement. Indeed, this system proved capable of providing accurate measurements over a displacement of up to 50m.
In addition to these special converters, Syrinx also provided eight enclosures for the marshalling of all sensor outputs. These were ultimately networked to a laptop connected to a 42in monitor from which the movements of the rams could be tracked in real time.
Contact Details and Archive...


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|Used in||Rotary Kiln|
Blast Furnace II
Arc Furnace II
|Transported by||U-shape Conveyor [II • III]|
Pickup • Truck • Haul Truck (Dump)
|Stored in||Loose Storage [II • III • IV]|
Limestone is a non-renewable natural resource found only on the island. It is obtained solely via mining in a Designations. It is a required ingredient for the production on Cement, Glass Mix, and late-game Molten Copper. It can also be used as an input in the conversion of excess Sulfur into Slag, though care should be given to monitor resource levels to avoid exhausting Limestone mines.
Each Home Island contains varying amounts of natural resources. This amount is modified by the resources size modifier on the Map Selection screen while the amount which can be extracted per tile is further affected by the ore mining yield modifier on the Game Difficulty screen. Neither modifier can be changed once the island has been founded.
|Map||Iron Ore||Copper Ore||Gold Ore||Coal||Limestone||Crude Oil||Rock||Sand||Dirt||Groundwater||Wood|
|The Golden Peak||2,200,000||2,100,000||7,300,000||1,900,000||1,400,000||110,000||26,000,000||680,000||4,100,000||63,000||93,000|
|File:Insula Mortis.png Insula Mortis||8,700,000||2,900,000||2,800,000||3,900,000||1,400,000||220,000||46,700,000||760,000||6,300,000||60,000||120,000|
|You Shall Not Pass||8,300,000||10,600,000||3,300,000||4,100,000||7,800,000||100,000||71,100,000||8,300,000||6,300,000||99,000||100,000|
It should be noted that most of the above natural resources are non-renewable, though the following exceptions apply:
- Dirt can be created by dumping Compost onto the ground.
- Sand can be created from Rock by processing it in a Crusher to produce Gravel, then crushed again into Sand.
- Rock itself is non-renewable on the Home Island but can be imported infinitely from the Rock Mine.
- While non-renewable, it should be noted that it is very unlikely that the island will run out of Rock before all of the ores.
- Wood is indefinite, since Trees can be planted with a tree planter and imported indefinitly from a Sawmill resource.
- Since wood can be easily turned into Coal with a Coal Maker (requiring no Maintenance, nor Power), Coal is also indefinite.
- Water can be indefinitely collected by 4 different ways:
- Rain replenishes the Natural Groundwater Resource lode (which can be pumped with a Groundwater Pump).
- Rain can also be collected directly with the use of a Rainwater Harvester.
- Seawater can be pumped limitlessly from the sea with a Seawater Pump(Tall) (This method requires the post processing of the Seawater into the Water.)
- Imported indefinetly from a Groundwater Well resource.
- With water being limitless, it also makes several of it's (and Seawater's) subproducts indefinite, such as: Steams( Hi • Lo • Dep), Brine, Chlorine, Sulfur, Ammonia, Nitrogen, Hydrogen and propably more..
- Oxygen (and Nitrogen) can be harvested indefinitely with a Air Separator.
- Crude Oil consumption can potentially be avoided in the late game using the Biodiesel technology for Diesel and Naphtha Reforming for Naphtha.


text:
UC Berkeley is part of a California-based, six-university consortium that has been awarded $12 million by the National Institutes of Health to develop strategies for treating craniofacial defects, which affect millions of Americans.
The consortium, called the Center for Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Tissue and Organ Regeneration (C-DOCTOR), is a part of a broader $24 million effort to develop resources and strategies for regenerating dental, oral and craniofacial tissues that have been damaged by disease or injury.
Craniofacial defects have devastating effects on patients , both because vital sensory organs and brain are housed in the cranium and because the face is so important to a person's identity. Such defects also can lead to compromised general health.
C-DOCTOR's goal is to shepherd new therapies through preliminary studies and into human clinical trials. Funding for C-DOCTOR comes from the NIH's National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR).
Kevin Healy, professor in the College of Engineering, leads Berkeley's research efforts in C-DOCTOR. Other C-DOCTOR partners include UC San Francisco, University of Southern California, UC Davis, UCLA and Stanford. C-DOCTOR is seeking to establish industry partnerships, identify important clinical applications and evaluate mature tissue-regeneration technologies.
"The College of Engineering has had a long history in the area of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine," Healy said. "Faculty in the departments of bioengineering and materials science are at the forefront of cutting-edge research that will have a transformative impact on craniofacial tissue engineering. The C-DOCTOR funding provides the facilities and resources to support their activity, providing what is necessary to explore interdisciplinary collaborations to achieve the translational goals of the center."
For more on how UC Berkeley is working to treat craniofacial disorders, watch the video below about how researchers here have discovered molecules that give hope for treating Treacher Collins Syndrome .


IRID_ITEMS...] }
IRID_ITEMS:
 thickness Amount | turbulence Amount
The required Irid_Amount parameter is the contribution of the iridescence effect to the overall surface color. As a rule of thumb keep to around 0.25 (25% contribution) or less, but experiment. If the surface is coming out too white, try lowering the diffuse and possibly the ambient values of the surface.
The thickness keyword represents the film's thickness. This is an awkward parameter to set, since the thickness value has no relationship to the object's scale. Changing it affects the scale or busy-ness of the effect. A very thin film will have a high frequency of color changes while a thick film will have large areas of color. The default value is zero.
The thickness of the film can be varied with the turbulence keyword. You can only specify the amount of turbulence with iridescence. The octaves, lambda, and omega values are internally set and are not adjustable by the user at this time. This parameter varies only a single value: the thickness. Therefore the value must be a single float value. It cannot be a vector as in other uses of the turbulence keyword.
In addition, perturbing the object's surface normal through the use of bump patterns will affect iridescence.
For the curious, thin film interference occurs because, when the ray hits the surface of the film, part of the light is reflected from that surface, while a portion is transmitted into the film. This subsurface ray travels through the film and eventually reflects off the opaque substrate. The light emerges from the film slightly out of phase with the ray that was reflected from the surface.
This phase shift creates interference, which varies with the wavelength of the component colors, resulting in some wavelengths being reinforced, while others are cancelled out. When these components are recombined, the result is iridescence. See also the global setting Irid_Wavelength for additional information.
Note: The version 3.7 iridescence feature has had a major overhaul. The syntax remains the same, however, both the thickness and amount values are now specified in microns. Consequently, iridescence effects will vary from previous versions.
The concept used for this feature came from the book Fundamentals of Three-Dimensional Computer Graphics by Alan Watt (Addison-Wesley).


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Australian foreign investment approval measures in response to COVID-19 and other recent Australian foreign investment approval developments
10 min read
In late March, the Treasurer of Australia announced temporary changes to Australia's foreign investment review framework in response to the COVID-19 crisis. The new measures lowered the monetary screening thresholds for transactions that need to be notified to the Foreign Investment Review Board ("FIRB"), aiming to prevent the fire-sale of Australian assets to foreign investors which could harm economic security and the viability of critical sectors. Following the introduction of these measures, the Federal Government has recently blocked two inbound mining investments from proceeding on grounds of 'national interest'. The introduction of these new measures and the subsequent blocked investments indicate a potential shift by the Australian Government to a more protectionist approach to foreign investment regulation, at least in the short term and until the COVID-19 crisis eases.
- As of 29 March 2020:
- all foreign investments subject to the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 ("FATA") now require FIRB approval, regardless of monetary value (subject to certain exceptions under the FATA which continues to apply); and
- the statutory review period for assessing applications has been increased from 30 days to up to six months.
- The Treasurer has recently prohibited two proposed investments into Australian mining projects by foreign investors, both of Chinese origin.
- Outright rejections from FIRB are particularly unusual, highlighting the tough stance being taken by the Federal Government in protecting Australia's critical sectors from foreign ownership during the COVID-19 crisis.
Temporary measures to foreign investment framework in response to COVID-19
As of 29 March 2020, all monetary screening thresholds triggering the requirement for FIRB approval under FATA were lowered to $0. The effect of this change is that all foreign investments (other than those exempt by the FATA) will require FIRB approval, regardless of the value of the investment or the nature of the investor and that all foreign investors will effectively be treated as foreign government investors are already treated the purposes of requiring FIRB approval (i.e. a $0 threshold for an investment above an applicable proportionate ownership threshold).
This was a major change to the foreign investment regime, which normally applies monetary screening thresholds (up to $1,192 million, subject to the nature of the investment and the origin of the investor) to determine whether a particular investment by a foreign person requires FIRB approval. Investments with a monetary value above the requisite threshold must be assessed by FIRB to determine whether the nature of the investment, the type of asset being acquired and the identity of the foreign investor, are consistent with, and not contrary to, Australia's 'national interest' (which is not definitively defined, but is considered by reference to, for example: national security, competition, government policy, the impact on the economy and the community and the character of the investor).
The Federal Government has explained that the reasoning behind the new measures is to protect the 'national interest' by preventing foreign investment into distressed assets in critical sectors, which may pose a threat to the security and viability of such sectors in the Australian economy, without any government oversight. The underlying rationale being that, transactions that would otherwise have required screening by FIRB (i.e. be ordinarily of a higher value but for the COVID-19 crisis) may no longer trigger FIRB assessment due to the artificially low values attributed to such transactions primarily as a result of the COVID-19 crisis.
To create the capacity required by FIRB to assess the expected significant increase in foreign investment applications as a result of the lowering of the monetary screening thresholds, the statutory period for the review of applications and the rendering of a decision has been extended from 30 days to up to six months. Agreements entered into prior to the effective date of the new measures (being 29 March 2020) but which remain conditional (including those conditional on FIRB approval) are not affected by the new monetary thresholds; however, applicants may have their review periods extended by up to six months, on the proviso that priority will be given by FIRB to urgent applications for investments that protect and support Australian businesses and jobs. More routine transactions, such as the entering into a lease agreement for developed commercial land are expected to be appropriately prioritised.
The Federal Government has stated that these new measures are to remain in place for the duration of the current COVID-19 crisis, and no definitive time period for the lifting of the thresholds has been announced. It remains to be seen how long these measures may last and under what social and economic conditions the measures will be lifted.
Mining investments not approved
Two separate proposed investments into Australia's mining sector have now been halted by the Treasurer (noting that while FIRB assesses and makes recommendations to the Treasurer on foreign investment applications, it is the Treasurer that is the ultimate decision maker). While these decisions follow the introduction of the new measures, it is noted that both were being considered by FIRB prior to the implementation of the temporary changes.
On 20 April 2020, Northern Minerals Limited (ASX:NTU) ("Northern Minerals") – owner of the Browns Range project in East Kimberley, Western Australia – announced that a $20m investment by Chinese state-owned steel producer, Baogang Group Investment (Australia) Pty Ltd ("BGIA"), would not proceed after BGIA received an "order" from the Treasurer "prohibiting" the transaction. The transaction was first announced by Northern Minerals in August, 2019.
Following the BGIA decision, AVZ Minerals (ASX:AVZ) ("AVZ") announced on 24 April 2020 that Chinese lithium chemical producer, Yibin Tianyi Lithium Industry ("Yibin Tianyi"), had withdrawn a FIRB application relating to its $14.1m investment in AVZ. The announcement from AVZ stated that Yibin Tianyi had received advice from the Federal Government that its bid for an 11.8% stake in AVZ was "contrary to the national interest". In response to the withdrawal, AVZ stated that its intentions are to work with Yibin Tianyi to negotiate an "alternative method of investment" in order to advance AVZ's aspirations of being a producer of lithium products from its flagship Manono Lithium and Tin Project in the Democratic Republic of Congo. On 4 May 2020, AVZ announced an equity placement of $10.6m to Yibin Tianyi at a price of 4.5 cents per share. Upon completion, Yibin Tianyi will own a 9% stake in AVZ and unlike the previous proposed transaction, Yibin Tianyi will not take an AVZ Board seat. These new terms mean the investment is not subject to FIRB approval, though Yibin Tianyi will require Chinese Overseas Direct Investment approval.
Senate Committee Inquiry into Foreign Investment Proposals
On 4 December 2019, the Senate of the Commonwealth of Australia referred an inquiry into foreign investment proposals to the Senate Economics References Committee for inquiry and report by 7 September 2020.
The first item on the agenda for the 15 May 2020 hearing of the Committee was a discussion of the failure of Alinta energy to comply with various undertakings given by its Chinese-owned company purchaser Chow Tai Fook to comply with the conditions attaching to the Treasurer's approval relating to that acquisition. Similar issues on compliance with FIRB conditions by Chinese-owned company, Moon Lake, in relation to its purchase of Van Dieman's Land Dairy, and Chinese-owned company, China Mengniu, in relation to its acquisition of Bellamys, were also raised at the hearing.
In this context, questions were raised by the Senate Committee as to the ability of FIRB to adequately review applications and manage compliance with conditions by those applicants whose applications were approved – in particular, having regard to the increased caseload arising from the reduced monetary threshold imposed due to COVID-19.1
Why are these decisions and actions significant?
Firstly, it is rare for the Treasurer to reject an application, with the effect that an investment is prohibited from proceeding. In 2018-19, out of a total of 8,725 decisions made by FIRB, only one application was rejected (as the BGIA application was), with 670 applications withdrawn prior to a decision being made (as the Yibin Tianyi application was).2 We note, however, that applications may be withdrawn for any number of reasons, and it is likely that a large number of applications were withdrawn because, for example, transactions did not proceed, or they were lodged by multiple bidders in an auction process (in which case all bidders would typically all seek FIRB approval up front). Therefore, the withdrawal statistics are not conclusive of decisions predicated on the basis that an application is against the 'national interest', such as in the Yibin Tianyi application.
Secondly, in relation to the withdrawal of Yibin Tianyi's application, the proposed investment was for a minority stake in AVZ, whose only material asset is its project in the DRC. Historically, investments (including majority investments and 100% acquisitions) in Australian incorporated legal entities whose sole assets are located in an overseas jurisdiction, were regarded as uncontentious and likely to receive approval as a matter of course. As such, the withdrawal of the application is possibly an indication of a material change in the view of what constitutes 'national interest' in instances where an Australian entity is a mere holding company, particularly in respect of certain EV-related mineral commodities where Chinese ownership is considered to be too concentrated.
The two decisions, being the withdrawal of the Yibin Tianyi application based on 'national interest' considerations, and the rejection by the Treasurer of the investment by BGIA in Northern Minerals at 6.2 cents per share, which subsequently resulted in


text:
AP_TERM_TAC : tactic
Strips a function application from both sides of an equational goal.
reduces a goal of the form
A?- f x = f y
by stripping away the function applications, giving the new goal
A?- x = y
A?- f x = f y ================ AP_TERM_TAC A?- x = y
Fails unless the goal is equational, with both sides being applications of the same function.


Optimizing hot water systems with condensing boilers
12/15/2013
Hot water system initial cost
There is no doubt that condensing boilers are more expensive than traditional noncondensing boilers, but the increase in initial costs varies based on heat exchanger construction, configurations, and manufacturers. To illustrate the cost differences between noncondensing boilers, partial condensing boilers, and full condensing boilers, a comparison of boiler costs from three modular boiler manufacturers was obtained based on contractor pricing for Milwaukee. A summary of the boiler characteristics is provided, which show a summary of cost data for each boiler at five equal boiler input sizes. Based on this analysis, it was determined the cost for a full condensing boiler and for a partial condensing boiler is relatively equal, while a full condensing boiler is approximately 25% to 30% more expensive when comparing equally sized boilers.
Table 1: This shows a comparison of various boiler manufacturers and boiler configurations. Source: Ring & DuChateau LLP
The initial cost increase for a condensing hot water boiler system doesn't necessarily stop at the boiler, as equipment selection is different based on using lower hot water supply and return temperatures. The most common change is the physical size and associated cost of the hot water coils in the system. Hot water coils will require deeper coils with more heat transfer surface area to accommodate the lower hot water supply temperature, increasing initial equipment cost and potentially operating costs as well if the designer is not careful. Higher operating costs occur when traditional heating coils are selected with lower hot water supply temperatures resulting in higher air and water pressure drops.
Figure 3: First-cost comparison of full condensing, partial condensing, and noncondensing boilers at various capacities should be considered. Source: Ring & DuChateau LLPHot water coils in air handling units are typically not an issue as deeper coils in air handling units can easily be accommodated with different coil selections, but some variable air volume (VAV) box manufacturers are unable to provide low temperature heating coils factory mounted on VAV boxes to sufficiently accommodate this issue. To solve this issue, the engineer should select loose coils to ensure the capacity desired can be provided, with low air pressure drop and sufficient supply air temperatures, instead of using standard factory-mounted VAV box coils. This allows the flexibility of obtaining coils in any size and with a low enough air pressure drop to not use excessive fan energy.
The use of loose coils will cause an increase in labor and possibly ductwork costs due to the requirement to transition from the VAV box outlet to the size of the loose coil and back to the duct size required by the system. However, if system efficiency is the goal, the engineer should pay attention to final equipment selection pressure drops.
System design tips
Full condensing boiler systems are simpler to design than partial and conventional noncondensing boiler systems. Some condensing boiler systems can be set up in a variable primary flow (VPF) arrangement with a minimum flow bypass control valve to maintain boiler minimum flow to allow a piping and pumping configuration that minimizes pumps and maximizes system ΔT. In a VPF system, the flow varies throughout the system, including through the boilers, which is a shift from the previous mind-set that boilers always require a constant flow. These systems eliminate the need for secondary distribution pumps and use multiple pumps in parallel to serve the entire hot water system. Full condensing boilers also are not susceptible to thermal shock, so there is no need for mixing valves, primary-secondary pumping, or high return water temperatures.
VPF systems will always have fewer pumps compared to a primary-secondary system, which will save initial costs from less piping and valves, fewer electrical connections, less controls work, and eliminated vibration isolation at the additional pumps. Similarly, one set of pumps will save on mechanical room space requirements.
The one item that must be addressed is the more complex staging controls and ensuring minimum flow in the system at all times, but this will still maintain an overall net savings in initial cost. For operating costs, VPF systems will always have lower operating costs as there is less pressure drop in the system due to fewer pumps and accessories at the pumps, but also because the pumps will be more efficient pumps. The VPF pumps allow the designer to select larger, more efficient horsepower pumps instead of smaller, constant volume, low efficiency circulator pumps typically found on the primary side of the primary-secondary system. Also, the use of variable speed in the entire system will allow the entire system flow rate to vary, which will provide operating cost savings as energy will vary approximately with the cubed power of the flow rate.
One exception to using VPF pumping systems is that partially condensing boiler systems that use the a secondary heat exchanger to condense flue gases will require constant flow through the heat exchanger. To achieve this, the primary-secondary system is used with two sets of pumps, each with a dedicated function to the hot water system. The primary pumps serve as production pumps and serve only the boilers in the system.
These pumps are typically high flow, low head constant flow pumps staged on with a boiler to provide available hot water to the secondary pumps. The secondary pumps serve only the hot water coils in the system, which are equipped with two-way control valves and are high flow, high head variable speed pumps that vary the system flow in response to the load. The primary and secondary loops are connected via a common pipe or decoupler that is a shared portion of the piping circuit in each loop and hydraulically separates the two loops so flow in one loop does not affect the flow in the other loop.
However, the disadvantage to this configuration is that mixing will occur, either blending excess primary hot water with secondary return water and increasing the hot water return to the boilers (which decreases efficiency), or blending excess secondary water with the hot primary supply water and reducing building hot water supply. In any case, partially condensing boiler systems are still more efficient than noncondensing boiler systems and should not be a basis for ignoring the benefits of condensing flue gases.
Heating hot water systems are forgiving systems when they are designed within the constraints of the equipment being used. Condensing boilers can offer efficiency gains above that of a noncondensing boiler, but if careful consideration isn't given to the type of boiler being used, premature failure of equipment and increased operating costs are likely to occur. Understanding the differences between full condensing, partial condensing, and noncondensing boilers, and hybrid systems will be useful to maximize overall system efficiency along with the specific requirements for each manufacturer to include during design.
David Grassl is a mechanical engineer at Ring & DuChateau, a consulting engineering firm based in Milwaukee, and an adjunct professor in the Civil & Architectural Engineering & Construction Management Department at the Milwaukee School of Engineering. He has analyzed and designed multiple heating plants including steam boilers, standard boilers, and heat recovery/condensing boiler systems.
<< First < Previous 1 2 3 Next > Last >>
DICK , FL, United States, 12/17/13 02:37 PM:
How about Hydrotherm KN series of condensing boilers with a cast iron heat exchanger ok'd by ASRAE. Longevity and pricing far surpassxes others.
DONALD , NV, United States, 12/17/13 07:16 PM:
Are there EPA and /or other reporting requirements for these boilers.
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Over 8,000 websites created by students around the world who have participated in a ThinkQuest Competition.
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Behind the Big Screen
The word "movie/film" is usually elaborated as a form of amusement or entertainment.
However, we seem to forget that filmmaking is actually a form of art.
In some countries, including our Hong Kong, we find that drama or rather, filmmaking, is not categorized as a school subject.
Thus, we hope that schools and teachers will find filmmaking another chance for students to learn the importance of organization and cooperation and encourage students to participate more in drame.
We would like to introduce filmmaking to students and teachers, and we have prepared a few topics like the history, the production, oscars, special effects and we even have a quiz and an online contest for students to participate in.
EuniceDiocesan Girls' School, HK, Hong Kong
alisonDiocesan Girls' School, HONG KONG, Hong Kong
SamanthaDiocesan Girls' School, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
19 & under
Angela LeungDiocesan Girls' School, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Business & Industry
Arts & Entertainment > Movies & Animation


text:
Hiking TraIl nearby Cueva Basajaun-Etxea de Lanz natural area, in España and Lantz population.
The largest locality in the area is Doneztebe
, with a population of 1,506 persons, at a distance of 12.034 kilometers from the center of the map.
The nearest is Lantz
(0 persons), at a distance of
The following indicators give us an idea of the difficulty of the route:
- Trail length: 11.110 kilometers.
- Min height: 787 meters above sea level.
- Max height: 1,331 meters above sea level.
- Average height: 1,013 meters above sea level.
- Average slope uphill: 14.019 %.
- Average slope downhill: -15.154 %.
- Mathematical difficulty index: 34.718.


Become a STF groups member
From Karnataka Open Educational Resources
Jump to: navigation, search
ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಲು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕ್ಲಿಕ್ ಮಾಡಿ
How to become a STF groups member
You can request to become a member of STF group for your subject, by entering information in this google form. Within a week, you will be added to the group.
How to become a whatsapp, hike, telegram (phone based groups) member
See information in this document about existing phone based groups in Karnataka, if you want to join a group, please send a SMS to the admin of the whatsapp/ hike / telegram phone based groups (Please DO NOT send a email to the STF mailing groups), with following informationYour full name, name of school / institution, subject taught by you, name of District / Taluka, Cell phone number and email id
Whatsapp / Hike / Telegram group admin members should fill up information about their group here. However, membership of the phone groups depends on the admin of the group. Some groups may not want to allow open entry to others. However the STF mailing groups are open to all teachers in Karnataka.
Mailing tips for a STF member
 1. The group is an academic space. Hence all mails should have some academic concern. Purely personal mails, mails which do not have any connection to academic issues, should not be sent to the forum
 2. If you want to write to only one person, who has sent the mail, do not send to the groups, send only to the person. For example, if you want to join a whatsapp group, please reply only to the person who has sent the mail for forming the group. If you select REPLY, it will go to the groups. Hence remove that, and copy paste the person's email id.
 3. Give a meaningful subject line. Just saying 'Hi' etc can be avoided. If the subject line gives a good idea of the contents, then we can decide whether to read that email or not. If the topic does not interest us, we may chose not to read it, or to read it later. For example if you want some information on Formative Assessment (FA) and you reply to a mail saying "Please add to groups" no one may see your mail. Giving correct subject line helps all the people to determine whether they want to open a mail or not. A CBZ teacher may decide not to open a mail which says "Direct common tangent Geogebra file"
 4. If you are attaching a file, give the file a meaningful name. Names like 'doc1.odt' or 'harish.odt' are meaningless. File name should suggest what the file is about, e.g. 'Congruent triangles.ggb'. If you are attaching a file, give a description of the attachment in the mail itself.
 5. End every mail with your name, school name and taluka name. You can also add your cell number. This can be done automatically in gmail, by selecting the'signature' option under'settings'
 6. The volume of STF Mails tends to be quite high. You may want to separate STF mails from your other mails. In such as case you can set a 'filter' in your Gmail or in your Thunderbird mail client to move all STF Mails to a separate folder so that your Inbox is free to receive other mails
 7. Use search option in your Googlegroups to search for the resource you want. For example if you want Work plan, you should first search in your STF googlegroups - all the mails with "work plan" will be displayed for you. After seeing all those, if you still want to send a mail for Work Plan you can send. Of course, for this to work, we must use correct subject line.
 8. In case you feel any teacher is sending many mails in which you do not have an interest, you can set a 'filter' to move 'all mails received from that email id to another folder so that it does not come in your inbox. By using 'filters' feature, we can reduce spending time on mails which we do not want to read and focusing on mails we want to. Thus using these technical features of email, we can reduce the load of emails in our Inbox.
 9. Email is a more complete communication than SMS and Whatsapp and hence can be more useful. Please use it like how you would write a letter, with details. In your sms or Whatsapp, there is a character limit - Not so for email. You can attach many kinds of files, you can't do it on sms. If you have a good resource you want to share with other teachers, it is better to share with STF google groups, in addition to sharing on WhatsApp, because more teachers can access it. Similarly, if you are a Whatsapp admin, share useful discussions back with the forum - more teachers will benefit.
We will publish on a google document the names and admins of various Whatsapp groups; so please visit this page before you decide to start a group/ want to join a group.
Email guidelines for all members
This section discussions guidelines for considering which mails are good for the forum and which are not. This should be seen as a draft framework for discussions amongst STF teachers.
 1. Celebrate - these are excellent emails that all of us love to receive. Some good resource made by a teacher or accessed and shared. Some very thought provoking ideas relating to teaching learning. Some wise comments on a troubling social issue. Since the objective of the STF is to provide opportunities for teachers for peer learning, sharing, most of the types of mails mentioned in section above would come in this category, as follows
 1. Core academic issues for the subject, such as discussion of a topic from the text book
 2. Broader issues relating to the subject - such as history of mathematics, famous scientists, writers etc
 3. Still broader issues relating to education, which may not be restricted to the subject itself. For example, environmental pollution, life skills etc
 4. Still broader social issues such as elections, national calamities. For a teacher, it is not sufficient to simply be maths and science teachers alone. Discussion on broader issues can also contribute to our development as humane teachers and active citizens. Basically, the purpose of the forum is to broaden, deepen the knowledge and understanding of the teacher, not only as a subject teacher, but as for the larger role of a concerned citizen, tasked with the responsibility of preparing responsible citizens, hence needing to have wider/larger and informed perspectives on a wide variety of issues/areas.
 2. Accept - most mails may not be brilliant or wise, but still are informative, or share the thoughts and ideas of a teacher.
 1. We need to have a broad interpretation of the teaching profession. We must have deep subject knowledge. We must also have good teaching skills. However, beyond both, as teacher, we are concerned citizens and also responsible to create responsible citizens. This means teachers must be concerned with a wide range of educational as well as social issues. For e.g. is a discussion on eve teasing relevant to STF. If we think that life skills are important part of the curriculum for all subjects, then of course this is relevant. Similarly since NCF suggests taking a multi-disciplinary approach to teaching, different subjects need to be integrated for the learner. This means that any subject teacher can be, should be and even must be interested in other subjects as well. A topic like 'water' can be discussed from maths, science, social science, language (perhaps all subjects!!) perspectives.
 2. Sometimes we may feel that a mail is not really useful, in such cases we can ask ourselves - is the teacher intending to be negative or disruptive? Is the teacher repeatedly sending blank or meaningless or irrelevant mails. Many teachers are joining the forum all the time, and these new teachers will need sometime to adjust to the group norms. During this time they may send irrelevant mails. We should gently and firmly guide them that the purpose of the STF is professional development of teachers through sharing and discussions and irrelevant mails add to the load of reading. However if a teacher repeatedly sends meaningless mails, then the group manager can put such a teacher under'moderation', so that mails from that teacher need to be approved before coming on the list. In case you think any teacher is repeatedly sending irrelevant mails, please send a mail to with your feedback.
 3. It is be felt that purely administrative matters, such as teacher transfers, formats of maintaining registers etc. are not discussed in the STF forum. However, occasional sharing of circulars, orders may be useful to alert teachers and hence may be seen as useful. Issues like mutual transfers, which can be large in volume, can be moved to discussion forums where only interested teachers can record their requests and see other teachers requests. All other teachers who do not need information on mutual transfers, need not see that information.
 3. Reject / Disallow - Rude or offensive mails must not be allowed. Differences of opinion is to be expected in a such a diverse group of teachers from across an entire state, however, this does not entitle us to be rude or offensive. We must make our points/submissions politely and


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6 Answers 6
I'm Swiss and I've been drinking water from mountain streams all my life, without any altitude restriction, while observing three basic rules. You can drink the water if:
 - the river is small enough to jump across it
 - there is no cattle (alpage) above, where cows, goats and sheep may poo into the water
 - there is no human settlement above
Drinking this water is one of my favourite things when hiking and I mostly go hiking carrying only a minimal amount of water to drink on the peaks where there are no rivers or sources. I hike often (in Ticino) and managed to survive for 44 years :-)
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If the river is small enough? Why? I think it shouldnt be too small because of pollution. – Wills 19 hours ago
I suppose you mean outside of village, so you are talking about streams and sources. In any alpine areas (France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria) I drink water unfiltered when I assume that there are no alps (place with cattle during summer) upstream, which worked for me. Of course you usually cannot be 100% sure about it, but almost so. If there is cattle upstream, you have a quite a chance of getting diarrhea. I did it twice until now when I was just too thirsty and once came to regret that decision :)
Many people attribute diarrhea to glacier water, which I cannot confirm. Unless you drink it constantly, the lack of minerals is not a problem either.
For dwells in towns in Switzerland you can drink always unless there is a sign telling you otherwise. Sometimes such a sign is present as the water is not officially tested, that also very often the case in alpine huts, while the water is fine. But you cannot know, so unless you have somebody trustful to advice you, keep away.
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At a water faucet?
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Your Answer


...from GuidedPath Edge Guru
Study in the UK
There are several advantages to studying in the United Kingdom:
 1. Graduate with a degree in 3 years (England). You can finish your degree in 3 years and move on to graduate school or a career sooner than in an American University. Scottish Universities offer a 4 year degree.
 1. Start in your major. You can start as a freshman studying medicine, engineering or law. Get started right away in the field of your interest.
 1. Skip the general education. There is no general education courses required in the UK education system. Take only the classes you need, for the subject you are studying.
 1. No language proficiency test needed. Most of all, you can experience a new culture and still be speaking English. You don't have to worry about receiving instruction in a language you are still mastering. Undoubtedly, understanding the accents will take time!
 1. No additional cost. UK accepts the same Stafford loan colleges in the US accept. You could actually pay less to go to school in the UK than staying home and attending a high cost school in an expensive area of the International Student Loan has a list of colleges in the UK eligible for Stafford loans.
Explore United Kingdom schools through the Educate in UK website. Make notes in your GuidedPath account.


Napari Tracer Plugin
napari-tracing
A plugin to trace the brightest path between two points in an image
License GNU GPL v3.0 PyPI Python Version
napari hub
Napari Tracer Plugin
The Napari Tracer Plugin provides an intuitive interface for users to load images, perform brightest path tracing, and visualize the results. This plugin, which is built on top of the Napari viewer, enables users to explore and annotate complex images, and take advantage of the viewer's built-in features such as zooming, panning, and adjusting contrast while viewing their tracings. The Napari Tracer Plugin uses the brightest path tracing algorithms from brightest-path-lib to provide an interactive path building process for users to create traced segments in 2D and 3D images.
Features
 1. Load images and trace paths in 2D and 3D.
 2. Offloads computations to a background thread to ensure a responsive user interface.
 3. Two tracing modes: disjoint and continuous. Disjoint segments refer to paths that do not share any points, while continuous segments start from the endpoint of a previously traced path.
 4. Verify traced segments and cancel tracing if necessary.
 5. Save traced paths in SWC format commonly used in biology to represent neuronal morphology.
 6. Load previously saved tracings in SWC format.
Installation
You can install napari-tracing via [pip]:
pip install napari-tracing
To install latest development version :
pip install git+_URL_
Usage
Once installed, the Napari Tracer Plugin can be accessed from the Napari menu under "Plugins" > "napari tracing: Tracer Widget". This will open the plugin interface, where you can load your image and start tracing.
Tracing
 1. To trace a path, select the "Trace" mode and the image layer that you want to trace from their respective dropdowns.
 2. Once you select the image, a points layer called the terminal points layer will be created on the Napari viewer where you can add the start and end point.
 3. Click the "Start Tracing" button to perform brightest path tracing between the points.
 4. The traced path will appear in a new points layer called the tracing result result layer in the Napari viewer as a line overlay.
 5. Each new traced segment is verified, so you can either accept the tracing or reject it. If you choose to reject the tracing, you can try again with a different set of points if necessary.
 6. You can click on the "Cancel Tracing" button to cancel a tracing that is in progress.
Saving and loading tracings
 1. To save a tracing, click on the "Save Trace" button from the plugin menu. This will save the traced path in SWC format to a file of your choosing.
 2. To load a previously saved tracing, click on the "Load Trace" button and choose the SWC file you want to load. The traced path will appear in the Napari viewer.
Contributing
Contributions are very welcome. Tests can be run with [tox], please ensure the coverage at least stays the same before you submit a pull request.
License
Distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL v3.0 license, "napari-tracing" is free and open source software
Issues
If you encounter any problems, please file an issue along with a detailed description.
Version:
 - 1.0.1
Last updated:
 - 28 April 2023
First released:
 - 23 April 2023
License:
 - GPL-3.0
Supported data:
 - Information not submitted
Plugin type:
GitHub activity:
 - Stars: 4
 - Forks: 1
 - Issues + PRs: 3
Python versions supported:
Operating system:
Requirements:
 - numpy
 - qtpy
 - brightest-path-lib
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