text:
Formation Thor's HammerDescribing the Germanic gods, Tacitus* mentions a Herculean figure called Thor. Into the Middle Ages, Thor's hammer was a symbol of fertility. Even today, goods at auction "come under the hammer". Thor's hammer was depicted in Neolithic rock drawings, and surprisingly, its form is also encountered in the cross-sections of train rails.
The Formation Thor's Hammer was created during the renovation of the Austrian Museum of Applied Arts (MAK). The entrance hall was turned into a walk-in sculpture, which enabled the visitors to follow the process of creation. When the work was finished, the entrance to the museum had been changed, allowing the threshold and staircase to be experienced in a whole new way.
* Publius Cornelius Tacitus (50 to 116 A.D.), Roman historian and consul. The Roman's understanding of Germanic mythology was strongly influenced by their own religious traditions. Therefore, because certain parallels were perceived between the two, Thor was equated with Hercules.
Formation Thor's Hammer, 1990
General view, Austrian Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna
P I X E L W I N G S ® is a registered trademark © 1996 All rights reserved.


Copy' the desired section of the code from the 'invented' file using f1 to mark the top of the range, f2 to mark the line after the end of the range, f3 to copy this range into the paste buffer. (transfer smaller blocks if the whole block is too large for the paste buffer - shift f9 clears the paste buffer) 5) ctrl-f1 to switch back to window#1 where the original source code is. 6) Cursor to the line that the range is to be inserted before and press f7. 7) Make what ever other changes are necessary and 8) ctrl-z to save!


text:
Feeling poor, acting stingy: the effect of money perceptions on charitable giving
International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing , Volume 17 - Issue 1 p. 13- 24
In research on philanthropy, much attention has been given to the impact of the actual economic costs of giving. This paper argues that the perceived psychological costs of giving should also be taken into consideration when seeking to understand donations to charitable organizations. It is already known that people differ in their attitudes towards money, and that money attitudes are mostly independent from income, but these findings have been largely overlooked in the study of philanthropy and altruism. This paper seeks to rectify that omission by investigating the relationship between charitable giving and money perceptions. The analyses show that, regardless of the actual financial resources held by a donor, the size of their donations is negatively affected by feelings of retention (a careful approach to money) and inadequacy (people who worry about their financial situation). We conclude that an understanding of money perceptions is an additional important factor in the understanding of charitable behaviour. Fundraising professionals should not only select potential donors based on their absolute financial capacities but also take the potential donor's own financial perceptions into account when asking for donations.
|Charities, Consumer attitudes, Donations, Experiment/theoretical treatment, Market research, Money, Non-profit institutions, Philanthropy, Studies, altruism, charitable giving, financial behaviour, philanthropy, psychology of money|
|International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing|
|Organisation||Department of Sociology|
Wiepking, P, & Breeze, B. (2012). Feeling poor, acting stingy: the effect of money perceptions on charitable giving. International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing, 17(1), 13–24. doi:10.1002/nvsm.415

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Tutorial
How To Deploy a PHP Application with Kubernetes on Ubuntu 18.04
Published on August 7, 2019
English
How To Deploy a PHP Application with Kubernetes on Ubuntu 18.04
Not using Ubuntu 18.04?Choose a different version or distribution.
Ubuntu 18.04
The author selected Electronic Frontier Foundation to receive a donation as part of the Write for DOnations program.
Introduction
Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration system. It allows you to create, update, and scale containers without worrying about downtime.
To run a PHP application, Nginx acts as a proxy to PHP-FPM. Containerizing this setup in a single container can be a cumbersome process, but Kubernetes will help manage both services in separate containers. Using Kubernetes will allow you to keep your containers reusable and swappable, and you will not have to rebuild your container image every time there's a new version of Nginx or PHP.
In this tutorial, you will deploy a PHP 7 application on a Kubernetes cluster with Nginx and PHP-FPM running in separate containers. You will also learn how to keep your configuration files and application code outside the container image using DigitalOcean's Block Storage system. This approach will allow you to reuse the Nginx image for any application that needs a web/proxy server by passing a configuration volume, rather than rebuilding the image.
Note: This tutorial has been tested on a Kubernetes cluster made with Kubeadm, which differs significantly from the DigitalOcean Managed Kubernetes (DOKS) product. If you are using DOKS, check out our official DigitalOcean Kubernetes product documentation for up-to-date information and tutorials.
Prerequisites
Step 1 — Creating the PHP-FPM and Nginx Services
In this step, you will create the PHP-FPM and Nginx services. A service allows access to a set of pods from within the cluster. Services within a cluster can communicate directly through their names, without the need for IP addresses. The PHP-FPM service will allow access to the PHP-FPM pods, while the Nginx service will allow access to the Nginx pods.
Since Nginx pods will proxy the PHP-FPM pods, you will need to tell the service how to find them. Instead of using IP addresses, you will take advantage of Kubernetes' automatic service discovery to use human-readable names to route requests to the appropriate service.
To create the service, you will create an object definition file. Every Kubernetes object definition is a YAML file that contains at least the following items:
 - apiVersion: The version of the Kubernetes API that the definition belongs to.
 - kind: The Kubernetes object this file represents. For example, a pod or service.
 - metadata: This contains the name of the object along with any labels that you may wish to apply to it.
 - spec: This contains a specific configuration depending on the kind of object you are creating, such as the container image or the ports on which the container will be accessible from.
First you will create a directory to hold your Kubernetes object definitions.
SSH to your master node and create the definitions directory that will hold your Kubernetes object definitions.
 1. mkdir definitions
Navigate to the newly created definitions directory:
 1. cd definitions
Make your PHP-FPM service by creating a php_service.yaml file:
 1. nano php_service.yaml
Set kind as Service to specify that this object is a service:
php_service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
Name the service php since it will provide access to PHP-FPM:
php_service.yaml
...
metadata:
 name: php
You will logically group different objects with labels. In this tutorial, you will use labels to group the objects into "tiers", such as frontend or backend. The PHP pods will run behind this service, so you will label it as tier: backend.
php_service.yaml
...
 labels:
 tier: backend
A service determines which pods to access by using selector labels. A pod that matches these labels will be serviced, independent of whether the pod was created before or after the service. You will add labels for your pods later in the tutorial.
Use the tier: backend label to assign the pod into the back-end tier. You will also add the app: php label to specify that this pod runs PHP. Add these two labels after the metadata section.
php_service.yaml
...
spec:
 selector:
 app: php
 tier: backend
Next, specify the port used to access this service. You will use port 9000 in this tutorial. Add it to the php_service.yaml file under spec:
php_service.yaml
...
 ports:
 - protocol: TCP
 port: 9000
Your completed php_service.yaml file will look like this:
php_service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
 name: php
 labels:
 tier: backend
spec:
 selector:
 app: php
 tier: backend
 ports:
 - protocol: TCP
 port: 9000
Hit CTRL + O to save the file, and then CTRL + X to exit nano.
Now that you've created the object definition for your service, to run the service you will use the kubectl apply command along with the -f argument and specify your php_service.yaml file.
Create your service:
 1. kubectl apply -f php_service.yaml
This output confirms the service creation:
Output
service/php created
Verify that your service is running:
 1. kubectl get svc
You will see your PHP-FPM service running:
Output
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 10m php ClusterIP 10.100.59.238 <none> 9000/TCP 5m
There are various service types that Kubernetes supports. Your php service uses the default service type, ClusterIP. This service type assigns an internal IP and makes the service reachable only from within the cluster.
Now that the PHP-FPM service is ready, you will create the Nginx service. Create and open a new file called nginx_service.yaml with the editor:
 1. nano nginx_service.yaml
This service will target Nginx pods, so you will name it nginx. You will also add a tier: backend label as it belongs in the back-end tier:
nginx_service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
 name: nginx
 labels:
 tier: backend
Similar to the php service, target the pods with the selector labels app: nginx and tier: backend. Make this service accessible on port 80, the default HTTP port.
nginx_service.yaml
...
spec:
 selector:
 app: nginx
 tier: backend
 ports:
 - protocol: TCP
 port: 80
The Nginx service will be publicly accessible to the internet from your Droplet's public IP address. your_public_ip can be found from your DigitalOcean Control Panel. Under spec.externalIPs, add:
nginx_service.yaml
...
spec:
 externalIPs:
 - your_public_ip
Your nginx_service.yaml file will look like this:
nginx_service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
 name: nginx
 labels:
 tier: backend
spec:
 selector:
 app: nginx
 tier: backend
 ports:
 - protocol: TCP
 port: 80
 externalIPs:
 - your_public_ip
Save and close the file. Create the Nginx service:
 1. kubectl apply -f nginx_service.yaml
You will see the following output when the service is running:
Output
service/nginx created
You can view all running services by executing:
 1. kubectl get svc
You will see both the PHP-FPM and Nginx services listed in the output:
Output
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 13m nginx ClusterIP 10.102.160.47 your_public_ip 80/TCP 50s php ClusterIP 10.100.59.238 <none> 9000/TCP 8m
Please note, if you want to delete a service you can run:
 1. kubectl delete svc/service_name
Now that you've created your PHP-FPM and Nginx services, you will need to specify where to store your application code and configuration files.
Step 2 — Installing the DigitalOcean Storage Plug-In
Kubernetes provides different storage plug-ins that can create the storage space for your environment. In this step, you will install the DigitalOcean storage plug-in to create block storage on DigitalOcean. Once the installation is complete, it will add a storage class named do-block-storage that you will use to create your block storage.
You will first configure a Kubernetes Secret object to store your Digital


text:
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Analysis of an Active Hydraulic Excitation System Based on Pulsating Flow
A vibration wave generated actively by hydraulic vibration exciter was studied, and an experimental system based on the theory of water hammer was designed. The new developed vibration exciter is driven by the motor whose rotary speed can be adjusted by frequency converter, by means of which transient pulsating flow is generated regularly. Consequently the piston of hydraulic cylinder is driven periodically with the rotation of vibration exciter. Furthermore, mathematical model was established by the method of characteristics and computer code was developed to calculate numerical solution. The simulation results show that there are different flow velocities distributed at every cross section along the pipe. Measured data is basically consistent with the numerical simulation, which indicates that the vibration parameters of hydraulic cylinder can be controlled effectively.
Pengcheng Wang, Liqun Ai, Yungang Li, Xiaoming Sang and Jinglong Bu
Z. M. Kou et al., "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Analysis of an Active Hydraulic Excitation System Based on Pulsating Flow", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 295-297, pp. 2216-2222, 2011


text:
|PORIFERA : HALICHONDRIDA : Halichondriidae||SPONGES|
Description: This sponge can be very polymorphic, varying from a cushion to almost a branching-repent form. A cushion can give rise to oscular chimneys with oscules at the top or, more typically, to a profusion of simple, solid, tassel-like branches with the oscules mainly along their length (cf. Halichondria panicea). In some sheltered localities the branches grow over other organisms and loop like bramble stolons, attaching to any suitable object they encounter. The colour is usually buff or cream, never green.
Habitat: On rock or other animals, even ascidian tests. It reaches its maximal development in harbours and estuaries, being very tolerant of muddy and brackish conditions where it tends to replace Halichondria panicea (but there are reports of both species occuring together in silty conditions).
Distribution: A common species in the British Isles.
Similar Species: The variable nature of Halichondria bowerbanki can make it very difficult to identify positively. The most likely confusion is with Halichondria panicea. The growth of tassels in H. bowerbanki seems to be a good character, but these are not present all year round. H. bowerbanki lacks the green colour that is present in H. panicea in well lit conditions and also the characteristic smell.
Key Identification Features:
Distribution Map from BioMar data for Ireland - Google Earth map: download this placemark (not got Google Earth installed?)
Distribution Map from NBN: JNCC MNCR Seasearch data - Grid map : Interactive map : National Biodiversity Network mapping facility, data for UK.
|Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C., 2010. [In] Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland |
|Copyright © National Museums of Northern Ireland, 2002-2012|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How Does a Muslim Face Mecca When Praying in Space?
Jason H. asks: How does an Islamic person know where to face when they're in space and supposed to be praying towards Mecca?
meccaThe first Muslim person in space was Royal Saudi Air Force pilot Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud in 1985 aboard the United States shuttle Discovery. He was followed up by the first Muslimah in space, Anousheh Ansari, who, upon immigrating to America from Iran in her teens subsequently got a degree in electrical engineering and computer science and then, not long after, cashed in her life-savings to co-found Telecom Technologies Inc. The result of all this was Ansari eventually amassing a personal fortune of about $750 million, becoming one of the wealthiest women in the world.
Using some of this self-made fortune, in 2006 she paid an undisclosed sumspeculated to be about $20 millionto buy an 8 day stay aboard the International Space Station, where she helped out with various experiments during her stay and in her spare time became the first person to publish a blog post from space. (You can read more about her remarkable story in her book My Dream of Stars: From Daughter of Iran to Space Pioneer.)
However, as far as we can find, the issue of how these two, from a practical standpoint, should adhere to certain facets of their religion while slipping the surly bonds of Earth never came up, at least not publicly. This all changed in 2007 when Malaysian-born Muslim astronaut and orthopaedic surgeon Dr. Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor mused about how exactly he'd pray towards Mecca while orbiting the Earth at about 17,136 mph (27,577 km/hr), as well as what the proper protocol was for him given part of his stay in space would fall on Ramadan.
To answer Shukor's question and set out general guidelines for future Islamic space travelers, Malaysian National Space Agency and the Department of Islamic Development invited 150 Muslim scholars and academics to a two day conference to determine exactly how a devout Muslim should practise their faith in space.
For anyone unfamiliar, the Quran stipulates that a Muslim must utter a short prayer (known as the Salat) five times a dayonce before dawn, once at midday, once in the late afternoon, once in the evening and once after sundown. In addition, Muslims are asked to "Turn then thy face towards the Sacred Mosque: wherever ye are, turn your faces towards it…" (The Quran, Al-Baqarah, 2:149)
cubeIn regards to the first stipulation, the question arosehow exactly does said individual define when the morning even is when a manned craft orbiting the planet will do so approximately 16 times in a 24 hour period? Is the morning when the sun rises according to the individual's perspective from the window of the spaceship? So in that case, if one was to follow the word of the Quran literally, a Muslim astronaut would technically have to pray 80 times per 24 hours, or once every 18 minutes. This would obviously be impractical given how full astronauts' schedules typically are. Likewise, it would be exceptionally difficult for said individual to continually face Mecca as the Earth rapidly spins below the astronaut.
Lucky for Shukor and future Muslim space travelers, all of these issues, along with countless others, now have answers thanks to the aforementioned meeting of Islamic scholars who drafted what they called A Guideline of Performing Ibadah at the International Space Station.
For example, Muslims in space, rather than praying based on sunrise/sunset schedules from their perspective, are instructed to pray according to the day cycle of the last place on Earth they were located, which for Shukor was at the launch site in Baikonur in Kazakhstan. In the event prayer would interrupt an astronaut's duties, the guideline explains that a Muslim astronaut can forgo or shorten their prayers and say longer ones when they have the time. As for Shukor, he rang in on this very note, stating, "I am Islamic, but my main priority is more of conducting experiments."
As for deciding where Mecca is and continually facing it during the duration of the prayer, a Muslim astronaut is simply asked to use their best judgement with said religious scholars agreeing that as long as an earnest attempt is made by an astronaut to face Mecca as prayer begins there should be no religious issue. The specific guideline in determining the direction state,
Qibla direction is based on what is possible, prioritizing as below:
i.The Ka'aba
ii.The projection of Ka'aba
iii.The Earth
iv. Wherever
Yes, if one cannot otherwise even determine the direction of the Earth itself, then facing "wherever" is acceptable. As Dr. Khaleel Mohammed of San Diego State University explained,
In space, the ritual prayer might be offset for more of a prayer that is allowed when on jihad … for the lack of gravity and directional accuracy makes it legitimate to do as one sees fit. God does not take a person to task for that which is beyond his/her ability to work with.
Other issues addressed include what a space-faring Muslim should do in-lieu of standing, bowing, prostrating, and repeating while praying- a difficult thing to pull off while in a state of perpetual free-fall around the Earth. The solution is to prioritize as follows:
a. If upright standing is not possible, then any standing posture,
b. Sitting. Bowing is by bringing down the chin closer to the knee or the prostrating place,
c. Lying down on the right side with body facing the direction of Qibla,
d. Lying flat
e. Using the eye lid as an indicator of the changing of postures in prayer,
f. Imagining the sequence of prayer.
Again, this all just seems to be looking for a best effort here. And if no effort can produce the desired results, then simply imagining doing it is fine. This is largely because, to quote Dr. Kamal Abdali:
The pamphlet drafted by the Islamic scholars also outlines what to do if one's trip in space coincides with Ramadan (which Shukor's partially did), where it is required to fast from sunrise to sunsetthe guide says this is largely up to the individual and they can choose to fast as usual using the same timescale as they pray to or, if necessary given the duties at hand, forgo the fast and make up for it when they arrive back on Earth.
It's also interesting to note that the document explicitly states that "travelling to space is encouraged" by Islam, as is the obligation of Muslims to "maintain sustainability of the space environment" and observe peace with all "other beings" one encounters in spacemeaning the official policy of Islam, according to the 150 Islamic scholars who came up with the guide, requires Muslim astronauts to maintain peaceful relations with aliens, if any are ever encountered.
Bonus Facts:
 - There's a disagreement of sorts between Islamic academics about whether or not it's okay for Muslims to take part in a mission to colonize Mars. On one side some feel that such a mission would pose an unacceptable risk to the individual Muslim's life, whereas others feel that it is the duty of Muslims to explore all of Allah's creation, including Mars. So far, this issue has yet to have a conclusive solution.
 - The first thing ever eaten on the moon was a small piece of communion bread by Buzz Aldrin as part of a private religious ceremony he held to symbolically be with his church and family on Earth. Aldrin originally planned to say his communion prayer over the radio so people on Earth could hear it too but was convinced not to by NASA as the moon landing was a mission being conducted on behalf of all faiths, not just Christians. Aldrin was also the first person to pee on the moon. Take THAT Mr. "One small step…"
Expand for References
Share the Knowledge! FacebooktwitterredditpinteresttumblrmailFacebooktwitterredditpinteresttumblrmail
Print Friendly, PDF & Email
Subscribe Me To: |
Leave a Reply


text:
The Immigration History Research Center is home to thousands of feet of archival records that illuminate the immigrant experience, past and present. While these records are available to students and teachers for research in the University of Minnesota's Andersen Library, exploring the archive from afar is as simple as connecting to the internet. The IHRC's collection of digitized archival material provides a plethora of resources suitable for a variety of purposes, including the creation of curriculum for K-12 educators interested in migration history.
What were characteristics of the immigrant experience? How did immigrants and refugees adjust to their new lives in the United States? Inversely, how did American citizens born in the United States react to the increased diversification of their communities, and learn to live with individuals from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds? Minnesota K-12 Academic Standards in Social Studies expect students of all grade levels to consider how immigrants and citizens alike participate in the civic lives of their communities, and to understand the steps that immigrants take to become United States citizens. Incorporating digitized archival material into lesson plans will provide opportunities for students to engage these questions, and prompt young people to begin considering the many types of common experiences that bring together people from all corners of the globe.
In the pages that follow, IHRC staff members have identified digitized images from the collections of the Ukrainian Folk Ballet of the Twin Cities; Immigration and Refugee Services of America; and the International Institute. Founded in 1919, the International Institute was established to provide various services for migrants who recently arrived to the United States. With branches in Minneapolis/Saint Paul, St. Louis, San Francisco, and other major U.S. cities, the International Institute continues to address the needs of the immigrants and refugees who settle in the United States.
The images have been organized thematically in order to initiate student discussion related to Minnesota K-12 Academic Standards and Benchmarks that address the study of migration. By incorporating these archival records into lesson plans, students will be able to think critically about the immigrant experience. Furthermore, working directly with primary sources will enable students to practice and develop research skills that will become increasingly important as they progress in their studies.
English language class
To discover more digital records for use in K-12 lesson plans, visit the IHRC's portal for digital resources via the University of Minnesota's UMedia Archive:_URL_
Click here for additional resources.
Back to the Spotlight on Selected Sources index page
Back to all finding aids in IHRC VITRAGE.


text:
Despite serious laws and efforts by environmentalists to encourage the use of alternatives. Consumers still have been reluctant to give up single-use plastic water bottles. This grave issue is leading engineers to work more on sustainability.
If we talk about Pakistan, according to the recent news on The News "Pakistan will become 128th country to ban the use of plastic bags on 14th" and that is the good initiative though.
But how we are going to introduce more alternatives to our people? There is the need to aware our people about latest technologies, so we can think more about it.
Enter Rodrigo García González, Pierre Paslier and Guillaume Couche, co-founders of London-based startup Skipping Rocks Lab. For the past few years, these innovators have been working on an interesting solution to this dilemma: water enclosed inside an edible blob. This is completely biodegradable and edible water blob a kind of future portable water.
"It's really simple because it's a membrane, and membranes are the technology that nature uses to encapsulate things using the minimum amount of material," explained Gonzalez in a talk at the Design Indaba conference in January.
In April, over 30,000 edible drinks blob were handed out to runners at the London Marathon, in a bid to reduce plastic waste.
What is this blob made of?
This product Ooho orb apparently consists of jelly-like membrane cover made of algae and calcium chloride. This squishy and strong ampule decomposes after 4 to 6 weeks if not used up. The inventors say this product packaging is cheaper than plastic, costing less than 2 cents to produce. The most interesting thing is you can put anything in this membrane.
What are the drawbacks?
Unfortunately, there are still a few problems that need to be resolved before the Ooho can completely conquest over plastic bottles. One of the biggest challenges is apparently Transportation. Because of its short life, it is not an ideal choice to store it in the same way as bottles.
But still, we hope one day the inventors will be able to overcome this drawback too.


text:
Gas Exchange in Fish
Last updated 18 March 2013, created 16 September 2012, viewed 1,816
Good for Revision purposes and main class introduction.
Includes starter activity, an activity including pupils acting gas exchange in fish demonstrating both parallel flow and the benefits of counter current flow, and exam question activity involving the whole class participation. It makes exam question answering that little bit more fun :)


text:
Pop ABCs: Fun Alphabet Puzzle Game for kids and family
★★★★★ Perfect for 4-10 years old ★★★★★
In Pop ABCs, your child will learn the alphabetic principle: to recognize letters and learn how letters are pronounced and sound. Once children are able to hear and discern sounds (phonemes), they are ready to associate those sounds with letters.
With timeless 8-bit gameplay, wacky sound FX, points bonuses, colorful graphics and a clear learning objective, Pop ABCs is that rare thing: a game for all the family.
★ Identify and master your ABCs ★
★ Play in the style of a classic puzzle game. ★
– Classic puzzle game play
– Full color graphics
– Alphabet in your language choice
– Phonic repetition of letters
– Easy to use tutorials
– Tested by kids
– Reviewed by preschool education experts
– No in app purchasing
The ability to hear and discriminate phonemes is highly associated with reading readiness in early childhood and considered a critical skill for the development of reading skills.
This means kids learn to Identify and master their alphabet while having great fun!
★ Pop ABCs is JAJDO's fourth iOS app and follows top selling spots in App Stores all over Europe for Buildo Rescue, Buildo History and Buildo Museum. ★

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Ballitore is situated between Kilcullen and Castledermot, just off the N 9. As you enter the village of Ballitore turn left in the centre square – the Meeting House is about 200 metres on the right.
Meeting for Worship takes place every Sunday at 11 am.
Ballitore Meeting is part of Co Wexford Monthly Meeting.
In 1685 two Quakers decided to settle beside the Griese river, and the story of Ballitore began. They built wool and flour mills, and over the next two centuries more Quakers settled and developed what became known as the "Quaker" village.
In 1726 Abraham Shackleton started the famous school which lasted for over a century and that numbered Edmund Burke, Paul (later Cardinal) Cullen and Napper Tandy among its pupils. Last century the village went into decline, but twenty years ago saw the start of its revival, and now it is once again attractive, with the old Meeting House refurbished, and Mary Leadbeater's house rebuilt and housing the Library and a small Quaker museum. The museum is open during the week, and also on Sundays from June to September between 2pm and 6pm.
Four kilometres south of Ballitore, in Moone, there is one of the most delightful large stone High Crosses in Ireland. It has unusually good carvings of biblical scenes. In summer one can go to Meeting for Worship, then visit Moone, have a picnic, and return to the museum in the afternoon.
For more local history background see
courtesy of the Kildare Community Network.
View Quakers Ireland Map in a larger map


TJ tjay.dreaming at gmail.com
Fri Oct 19 10:51:23 EDT 2007
Why is it illegal to store values of differing types, but which
instance the same class, into a list? e.g.
a = [ 1, 2.0 ] :: Num a => [a]
After all, sometimes all you need to know about a list is that all the
elements support a common set of operations. If I'm implementing a 3d
renderer for example, I'd like to have
class Renderable a where
 render :: a -> RasterImage
scene :: Renderable a => [a]
Instead of hardcoding a bunch of types as being Renderable, as in
data Renderable
 = Point Something
 | Line Something
 | Polygon Something
scene :: [Renderable]
Or maybe
data Point = Point Something
data Line = Line Something
data Polygon = Polygon Something
scene :: { points :: [Point], lines :: [Line], polygons :: [Polygons] }
constructor, won't I?
Thanks a bunch,
More information about the Haskell-Cafe mailing list


text:
In Scotland, the art of whisky is not only enjoyed and respected, it has impacted the country's culture and economy since 1494.
Scotch whisky is produced only in Scotland and most often made with malted barley dried over open peat fires. All Scotch whisky is distilled and aged in oak barrels for at least three years. Scotch whisky that is exported must be at least four years old.
A legal definition of Scotch Whisky has been in place for many years. At the World Trade Organization (WTO) level it is recognized as a geographical indication.
This legal protection is vitally important, protecting Scotch Whisky from unfair competition worldwide and holding Scotch Whisky's reputation as being of the highest quality and integrity.
The raw materials required for the production of Malt Whisky are barley, water and yeast.
Scotch Whisky Regions
The character of single malt Scotch is influenced by region.
The largest whisky region, the Highlands is the barley heartland of distillation. It incorporates a system of rivers, the Spey and the Livet. Speyside single malts are elegant and complex.
The island of Islay (pronounced "eye-luh") in the Inner Hebrides is windswept, deep with peat, and grows a distinctively tangy malt. Its whiskies capture the taste of the sea.
Whiskies from the Lowlands are soft, smooth and free of peaty taste.
On Scotland's West Coast, the Campbeltown region produces whisky with two distinctively different styles. One is lightly peated, one is smokier.


Last bencher DC unable to hear teacher in GHSS classroom
DAPORIJO, Sep 29: Upper Subansiri Deputy Commissioner Kanto Danggen on Sunday conducted an experiment at the government higher secondary school (GHSS) here, posing as a student to find out whether the last benchers could hear the teachers properly.
Sitting on the last bench, he asked a teacher to teach a lesson, but the DC was unable to hear the teacher. "Nothing could be heard," the DC said to the teacher standing at the far end of the huge classroom.
The DC was on an inspection of the GHSS to understand the plight of the students due to infrastructure and teachers' shortages, informed the school's
alumni association chairman, Dosh Dasi.
The school was in the news recently because of the acute shortage of teachers and classrooms.
The school's principal had earlier informed that there are four dilapidated classrooms in the school for 1781 students, with each classroom accommodating more than 400 students.
"Presently, there are only six PGTs and an equal number of TGTs in the school. There is no PGT for English, biology, physics and geography and TGT for English, Hindi and PCM," informed the principal.
Later, the DC held a meeting with DDSE Tape Jeram, Principal (in-charge) Taluk Taji and the executive members of the school's alumni association. He directed the DDSE to arrange the required teachers, to which the latter expressed helplessness, saying he could manage only a teacher for geography.
The DC also directed the DDSE to furnish a report on the availability of qualified teachers in the defunct schools in the district.
Danggen disapproved of granting funds against defunct schools, and advised the DDSE to not make any proposal for fund or posting of teachers for such schools in the future.
Earlier, Dasi apprised the DC of the problems faced by the school due to acute shortage of teachers, classrooms and other necessary infrastructure.
It was decided in the meeting that the DC would apprise the government of the issue of teachers' shortage at the school and seek necessary action.
The alumni association said it would construct separate toilets for the students of both the sexes and press for construction of at least three classrooms under the CMSSY in the current financial year, since the construction of 14 RCC classrooms and an auditorium might take 3-4 years, the meeting resolved.
The DC also inspected the under-construction school building.


Home Auto Repair How to Chalk Tires
How to Chalk Tires
42
Overinflation or underinflation will cause your tires to wear unevenly. Chalk and tires aren't two things that go normally together unless you're thinking about that ever-watchful meter maid who just marked your car to be ticketed in the next 30 minutes. There is a reason why you would want to chalk your own tires though–to test your tire pressure. This method of checking tire pressure, called the chalk test, demonstrates if your tire is bulging from too much pressure or if it is slightly concave from a lack of pressure.
Things You'll Need
Car, Chalk, Straight edge
Instructions


text:
A collection of tools that allow users to perform critical steps
in the process of assessing ecological niche evolution over phylogenies, with
uncertainty incorporated explicitly in reconstructions. The method proposed
here for ancestral reconstruction of ecological niches characterizes species'
niches using a bin-based approach that incorporates uncertainty in estimations.
Compared to other existing methods, the approaches presented here reduce risk
of overestimation of amounts and rates of ecological niche evolution. The
main analyses include: initial exploration of environmental data in occurrence
records and accessible areas, preparation of data for phylogenetic analyses,
executing comparative phylogenetic analyses of ecological niches, and plotting
for interpretations. Details on the theoretical background and methods used
can be found in: Peterson et al. (1999)


text:
Vietnam ecological tourism development to protect forest biodiversity
The development of ecological tourism is considered a helpful way to protect natural resources in national parks and reserves in Vietnam, according to a seminar held in Da Lat, central highlands Lam Dong province, on April 9.
According to the participants, Vietnam has a great potential to develop eco-tourism in combination with natural resource preservation. The country possesses 30 national parks and 56 natural reserves, home to over 13,760 species of plants and 7,730 species of animals.
However, they said, the precious system of natural reserves has constantly been hurt by inhabitants living around. Nearly 80 percent of the population living close to the natural reserves in Vietnam are living in poverty and their lives are depending on unplanned forest exploitation, thus damaging the forest biodiversity.
Some delegates stressed the need to improve the living conditions for people living on edges of forests in order to ensure the success for the plan to develop eco-tourism and protect natural reserves.
The seminar was initiated by the Worldwide Fund for Nature Vietnam Programme, and the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park of Lam Dong province.


Sunday, September 25, 2022
The Health Benefits of Beef Tallow
Beef Tallow
Introduction
If you're into the carnivore diet, then you must have heard of beef tallow. It's a fat obtained from beef or sometimes mutton. But beef tallow is considered the best quality, especially from grass-fed cattle. There is a common notion that animal fats are not good for our health, but you'd be surprised to know that it offers various health benefits.
Ancestral Supplements, owned by Brian Johnson and his wife, is known for its organ meat supplements and also promotes carnivore diet. Their products are sourced from grass-fed cattle and are free of pesticides. And do you know that tallow obtained from grass-fed cattle has a high amount of nutrients?
Continue reading the article as we delve more into the aspects of beef tallow and its health benefits.
Tallow: Types and nutrition facts
As stated earlier, fats rendered from beef are known as tallow. You can also obtain it from mutton, but beef tallow is considered best. It is saturated fat found in solid form but melts when heated. The appearance and texture are similar to butter, but it has a waxy texture, is drier and tastes different.
While most prefer beef tallow, most commercial tallow types are rendered from multiple animals, including hogs, pigs and mutton.
Additionally, beef tallow obtained from fats around kidneys is considered best. The fatty tissues near kidneys have a high intake of nutrients, especially grass-fed cattle. Tallow primarily consists of saturated fats, but it also has a tiny amount of unsaturated fats.
It's reported that a tablespoon of tallow contains 115 calories, 0 grams of protein, fiber, carbs or sugar and fats consist of 13 grams. Additionally, if you're looking at the nutritional aspects, grass-fed cattle tend to have higher nutrients than those raised on grains or feedlots.
A grass-fed cattle has a higher amount of omega-3s, beneficial compounds and CLA. Some of the nutrients found in these cattle are:
 - CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)
 - Choline
 - Vitamins A, D, E, K and B12
 - Fatty acids like stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid
The Health Benefits of Beef Tallow

CLICK HERE TO VIEW PRODUCT

What are the health benefits of Beef tallow?
Some of the health benefits of beef tallow are as follow:
Absorb essential vitamins
Fats are vital in your diet as it allows you to absorb fat-soluble vitamins. It includes vitamin A, D, E and K that helps to improve your heart, immune system, skin and more.
Improve cholesterol level
Beef tallow consists mainly of saturated fats, which is considered healthy, and you will find this same fat in olive oil. Saturated fats found in beef tallow have a neutral effect on the blood cholesterol level. Additionally, having it in moderation doesn't increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also benefits your cognitive health as a high percentage of our brain comprises fat and cholesterol. (1)
Helps in weight loss or management
Beef tallow has a high intake of fatty acid called CLA, known for improving your metabolism, thus leading to fat burns. This fatty acid is also said to have properties supporting the immune system and is anti-inflammatory too.
Keep your skin hydrate
Beef tallow is a rich source of fatty acids leading to the formation of lipids. This lipid keeps your skin moisturized and protected. It consists of oleic acid, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid. Tallow helps to improve your skin health in multiple ways, including:
 - Skin healing and flexibility
 - Keep your skin hydrate
 - Protect your skin supportive barrier
Adding Ancestral Supplements Grass-Fed Tallow capsule to your diet
We believe that you have understood the aspects of beef tallow, its nutritional and health benefits. So, do you want to include tallow in your diet? If you aren't a fan of cooking with tallow, you can opt for a capsule. And fortunately, Ancestral Supplements have grass-fed tallow in capsule form.
This company is known for its quality production of grass-fed organ supplements. Additionally, they have developed these supplements based on their experience and backed by science. All their supplements are sourced from organ meats, including heart, kidney, liver, brain, and tongue.
Furthermore, their cattle are sourced from Australia and New Zealand, known for clean pasture and devoid of pesticides. Additionally, their supplements are free of GMO, hormones and fillers.
So, do you want to give one of their products a shot? Grass-fed tallow will be a good choice if you have weak gums, bones, or immune systems. They obtain the tallow from fats around the kidney which is considered high quality. This supplement is in capsule form and easy to swallow.
It's a nutritional supplement that offers multiple health benefits, including the immune system, inflammatory, fertility and more. You can add this supplement to your diet if you like to see changes in the overall growth of your health and development.
What to consider before having grass-fed beef tallow?
Undoubtedly, grass-fed beef tallow comes with various health benefits. However, before adding to your diet, you should consider various factors. Some of the vital factors include:
 - Before you start adding this to your diet, it's advisable to consult a health professional, especially if you have a medical history. Doing this will prevent side effects and all.
 - If you're allergic to a specific animal source, it would be better not to have this supplement. You can check the ingredient list located at the back of the container and see if you can have it or not.
 - Pregnant women should consult first with their doctor before having this supplement to avoid any future complications.
 - It would be better not to give this supplement to children or kids as they're still at their growing stage and might complicate their hormones.
 - Have the dosage as recommended and avoid having excess.
These are some factors to consider before having a beef tallow supplement. It's advisable to consider these aspects first before including them in your diet for any supplement. It will help avoid any complications or allergies. So, be wary of what you're having and be careful not to have an excess of it.

Latest
Stimulant Free Fat Burning Supplement For Men
Non Stim Fat Burner Are you looking to burn fats...
What Is an Adonis Belt and How To Get One
Adonis Belt Overview The ultimate goal of all bodybuilding enthusiasts is...
Fasted Cardio Benefits For Bodybuilding
Fasted Cardio Overview Bodybuilders undergo various workout programs to achieve their...
Subcutaneous Fat- What Is It And How To Reduce It?
Subcutaneous Fat What Is Subcutaneous Fat? If you are interested in...
Most Popular
spot_img
Don't miss
Stimulant Free Fat Burning Supplement For Men
Non Stim Fat Burner Are you looking to burn fats...
What Is an Adonis Belt and How To Get One
Adonis Belt Overview The ultimate goal of all bodybuilding enthusiasts is...
Fasted Cardio Benefits For Bodybuilding
Fasted Cardio Overview Bodybuilders undergo various workout programs to achieve their...
Subcutaneous Fat- What Is It And How To Reduce It?
Subcutaneous Fat What Is Subcutaneous Fat? If you are interested in...
Visceral Fat- What Is It And How To Reduce It?
Visceral Fat What is Visceral Fat? If you are fitness conscious...
Jason Moore
Jason Moorehttps://nchosp.org
I've been a bodybuilder and fitness enthusiast for over 15 years. I'm also a Karate black belt and personal trainer with a PHD in sports nutrition.
What Are The Benefits Of Fiber Supplements
What Are The Benefits Of Fiber Supplements Fiber is a term for carbohydrates that our bodies cannot fully digest. They generally come from vegetables, grains,...
What Are The Benefits Of Taking Vitamin A
The Benefits Of Taking Vitamin A The benefits of Vitamin A are one of the most talked about in the health, fitness, and skincare industries,...
Vitamin D Health Benefits
Vitamin D Health Benefits Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that we all need for strong bones and plenty of other beneficial reasons for our...


Android - Event Handling
Advertisements
Events are a useful way to collect data about a user's interaction with interactive components of Applications. Like button presses or screen touch etc. The Android framework maintains an event queue as first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. You can capture these events in your program and take appropriate action as per requirements.
There are following three concepts related to Android Event Management −
 - Event Listeners − An event listener is an interface in the View class that contains a single callback method. These methods will be called by the Android framework when the View to which the listener has been registered is triggered by user interaction with the item in the UI.
 - Event Listeners Registration − Event Registration is the process by which an Event Handler gets registered with an Event Listener so that the handler is called when the Event Listener fires the event.
 - Event Handlers − When an event happens and we have registered an event listener for the event, the event listener calls the Event Handlers, which is the method that actually handles the event.
Event Listeners & Event Handlers
Event Handler Event Listener & Description
onClick()
OnClickListener()
This is called when the user either clicks or touches or focuses upon any widget like button, text, image etc. You will use onClick() event handler to handle such event.
onLongClick()
OnLongClickListener()
This is called when the user either clicks or touches or focuses upon any widget like button, text, image etc. for one or more seconds. You will use onLongClick() event handler to handle such event.
onFocusChange()
OnFocusChangeListener()
This is called when the widget looses its focus ie. user goes away from the view item. You will use onFocusChange() event handler to handle such event.
onKey()
OnFocusChangeListener()
This is called when the user is focused on the item and presses or releases a hardware key on the device. You will use onKey() event handler to handle such event.
onTouch()
OnTouchListener()
This is called when the user presses the key, releases the key, or any movement gesture on the screen. You will use onTouch() event handler to handle such event.
onMenuItemClick()
OnMenuItemClickListener()
This is called when the user selects a menu item. You will use onMenuItemClick() event handler to handle such event.
onCreateContextMenu()
onCreateContextMenuItemListener()
This is called when the context menu is being built(as the result of a sustained "long click)
There are many more event listeners available as a part of View class like OnHoverListener, OnDragListener etc which may be needed for your application. So I recommend to refer official documentation for Android application development in case you are going to develop a sophisticated apps.
Event Listeners Registration
Event Registration is the process by which an Event Handler gets registered with an Event Listener so that the handler is called when the Event Listener fires the event. Though there are several tricky ways to register your event listener for any event, but I'm going to list down only top 3 ways, out of which you can use any of them based on the situation.
 - Using an Anonymous Inner Class
 - Activity class implements the Listener interface.
 - Using Layout file activity_main.xml to specify event handler directly.
Below section will provide you detailed examples on all the three scenarios −
Touch Mode
Users can interact with their devices by using hardware keys or buttons or touching the screen.Touching the screen puts the device into touch mode. The user can then interact with it by touching the on-screen virtual buttons, images, etc.You can check if the device is in touch mode by calling the View class's isInTouchMode() method.
Focus
A view or widget is usually highlighted or displays a flashing cursor when it's in focus. This indicates that it's ready to accept input from the user.
 - isFocusable() − it returns true or false
 - isFocusableInTouchMode() − checks to see if the view is focusable in touch mode. (A view may be focusable when using a hardware key but not when the device is in touch mode)
android:foucsUp="@=id/button_l"
onTouchEvent()
public boolean onTouchEvent(motionEvent event){
 switch(event.getAction()){
 case TOUCH_DOWN:
 Toast.makeText(this,"you have clicked down Touch button",Toast.LENTH_LONG).show();
 break();

 case TOUCH_UP:
 Toast.makeText(this,"you have clicked up touch button",Toast.LENTH_LONG).show();
 break;

 case TOUCH_MOVE:
 Toast.makeText(this,"you have clicked move touch button"Toast.LENTH_LONG).show();
 break;
 }
 return super.onTouchEvent(event) ;
}
Event Handling Examples
Event Listeners Registration Using an Anonymous Inner Class
Here you will create an anonymous implementation of the listener and will be useful if each class is applied to a single control only and you have advantage to pass arguments to event handler. In this approach event handler methods can access private data of Activity. No reference is needed to call to Activity.
But if you applied the handler to more than one control, you would have to cut and paste the code for the handler and if the code for the handler is long, it makes the code harder to maintain.
Following are the simple steps to show how we will make use of separate Listener class to register and capture click event. Similar way you can implement your listener for any other required event type.
Step Description
1 You will use Android studio IDE to create an Android application and name it as myapplication under a package com.example.myapplication as explained in the Hello World Example chapter.
2 Modify src/MainActivity.java file to add click event listeners and handlers for the two buttons defined.
3 Modify the detault content of res/layout/activity_main.xml file to include Android UI controls.
4 No need to declare default string constants.Android studio takes care default constants.
5 Run the application to launch Android emulator and verify the result of the changes done in the aplication.
Following is the content of the modified main activity file src/com.example.myapplication/MainActivity.java. This file can include each of the fundamental lifecycle methods.
package com.example.myapplication;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
 private ProgressDialog progress;
 Button b1,b2;
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 progress = new ProgressDialog(this);
 b1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button);
 b2=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
 b1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

 @Override
 public void onClick(View v) {
 TextView txtView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
 txtView.setTextSize(25);
 }
 });
 b2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

 @Override
 public void onClick(View v) {
 TextView txtView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
 txtView.setTextSize(55);
 }
 });
 }
}
Following will be the content of res/layout/activity_main.xml file −
Here abc indicates about tutorialspoint logo
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
 xmlns:android="_URL_
 xmlns:tools="_URL_
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
 android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
 android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
 android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
 tools:context=".MainActivity">

 <TextView
 android:id="@+id/textView1"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="Event Handling "
 android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
 android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
 android:textSize="30dp"/>

 <TextView
 android:id="@+id/textView2"
 android:layout


text:
The effective maintenance scheduling of power system\ud generators is very important to a power utility for the\ud economical and reliable operation of a power system.\ud Many mathematical methods have been implemented for\ud generator maintenance scheduling (GMS). However,\ud these methods have many limitations and require many\ud approximations. Here a Genetic Algorithm is proposed\ud for GMS problems in order to overcome some of the\ud limitations of the conventional methods.\ud This paper formulates a general GMS problem using a\ud reliability criterion as an integer programming problem,\ud and demonstrates the use of GAs with three different\ud problem encodings: binary, binary for integer and\ud integer. The GA performances for each of these\ud representations are analysed and compared for a test\ud problem based on a practical power system scenario. The\ud effects of different GA parameters are also studied. The\ud results show that the integer GA is a very effective\ud method for GMS problems
To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request.


text:
Wilkesboro Reservoir, Yadkin River, North Carolina. Design Memorandum Number 3. Hydrology.
CORPS OF ENGINEERS CHARLESTON SC CHARLESTON DISTRICT
Pagination or Media Count:
The purpose of this memorandum is to present the criteria used and the results of studies which provide the basis for determining channel, reservoir, spillway and outlet capacities, flowage requirements, and plan for reservoir regulation. Contents Description of drainage area Temperature Wind Humidity Evaporation Snowfall Rainfall Stream flow records Storms Flood flows Flood frequency Low flow frequency Area-capacity curve Unit hydrograph study Method of analysis Minimum loss and infiltration index Unit hydrograph of reservoir inflow from sub-areas Spillway design flood Criteria for routing spillway design flood Standard project flood Reservoir design flood Five-year flood routing Easement taking line Reservoir allocation Selection of spillway length surcharge elevation Outlet Reservoir regulation Freeboard Tailwater rating curve Channel capacity Silting of reservoir.
- Hydrology, Limnology and Potamology
- Civil Engineering


Export (0) Print
Expand All
This topic has not yet been rated - Rate this topic
UmAlQuraCalendar.ToFourDigitYear Method
Converts the specified year to a four-digit year by using the TwoDigitYearMax property to determine the appropriate century.
Namespace: System.Globalization
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
public override int ToFourDigitYear(
 int year
Type: System.Int32
A 2-digit year from 0 through 99, or a 4-digit Um Al Qura calendar year from 1318 through 1450.
Return Value
Type: System.Int32
If the year parameter is a 2-digit year, the return value is the corresponding 4-digit year. If the year parameter is a 4-digit year, the return value is the unchanged year parameter.
year is outside the range supported by this calendar.
The ToFourDigitYear method uses the year parameter, the TwoDigitYearMax property, and a year to calculate a 4-digit year. The century is determined by finding the sole occurrence of the 2-digit year parameter within that 100-year range. For example, if TwoDigitYearMax is set to 1429, the 100-year range is from 1330 through 1429. Therefore, a 2-digit value of 30 is interpreted as 1330, while a 2-digit value of 29 is interpreted as 1429.
If the TwoDigitYearMax property is the special value 99, the ToFourDigitYear method ignores the settings in the regional and language options in Control Panel and returns the year parameter unchanged.
The year parameter can be either a two-digit year or a four-digit year. If year is a two-digit year value (less than 100), the method converts year to a four-digit value according to the TwoDigitYearMax value representing the appropriate century. If year is a four-digit year value that is within the supported calendar range, the method returns year unchanged. If year is a four-digit value that is outside the supported calendar range, or if it is a negative value, the method throws an exception.
Supported in: 5, 4, 3
Silverlight for Windows Phone
Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1, Windows Phone OS 7.0
XNA Framework
Supported in: Xbox 360, Windows Phone OS 7.0
Did you find this helpful?
(1500 characters remaining)
Thank you for your feedback
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft. All rights reserved.


_TAG_ scribble/doc @(require scribble/manual) _USER_{Annotated Code Boxes} @(author+email "Jordan Johnson" "_EMAIL_") This package implements annotated code chunks in DrScheme. It allows you to write an expression, annotate it, and hide the code so that your expression is visually represented by a box containing only the annotation. _USER_{Creating Annotated Code} Installing this package adds two items to the DrScheme menu system, allowing you to insert annotated-code boxes and annotate selected code. _USER_{Inserting Annotated Code Boxes} On the _USER_{Insert} menu, this package adds an item _USER_{Insert Annotated Code Box}, which inserts a box at the current cursor position. _USER_{Annotating Existing Code} On the _USER_{Scheme} menu, this package adds an item _USER_{Annotate this Code}, which behaves as follows: _USER_{ _USER_{If text is currently selected (highlighted) in the active editor, the selected text will be replaced by an annotated-code box containing the text in its upper editor (the code editor).} _USER_{Otherwise, if the cursor is inside an S-expression, the enclosing S-expression will be replaced by an annotated-code box containing the expression in its code editor.} } _USER_{Manipulating Annotated Code} Once created, an annotated-code box behaves somewhat similarly to a comment box. It will be evaluated as an expression in the context of the surrounding code, and the Tab and Shift-Tab keystrokes allow movement between the two fields. At the left side of each annotated-code box the word "expr" appears. If the last edit inside the box left one or more complete expressions in the box's code editor, "expr" will be blue; if not, it will be red. Right-clicking this "expr" produces a menu that allows hiding and showing the code editor, and converting the annotated-code box to plain Scheme source text (with or without including the annotation as a Scheme comment).


text:
- freely available
Sensors 2012, 12(12), 16168-16181; doi:10.3390/s121216168
Abstract: A catalytic sensor for the measurement of radical density in weakly ionized CO2 plasmas, created in a low-pressure electrodeless discharge, is presented. The CO2 plasma was created in a 4 cm wide borosilicate glass tube inside a copper coil connected to a radio frequency generator operating at 27.12 MHz with a nominal power of 250 W. The dissociation fraction of the CO2 molecules was measured in the early afterglow at pressures ranging from 10 Pa to 100 Pa, and at distances of up to 35 cm along the gas stream from the glowing plasma. The radical density peaked (2 × 1020 m−3) at 80 Pa. The density quickly decreased with increasing distance from the glowing plasma despite a rather large drift velocity. The dissociation fraction showed similar behavior, except that the maximum was obtained at somewhat lower pressure. The results were explained by rather intense surface recombination of radicals.
Oxidative plasmas are a popular medium for modification of the surface properties of solid materials. Chemically reactive particles created in the oxidative plasma react with solid materials at much lower temperature than the parent molecules, and this allows for surface modification of the materials at relatively low temperature. This treatment often leads to unique surface properties for the treated materials. Hydrophobic materials may become hydrophilic [1,2] and sometimes superhydrophilic. When the surface morphology is modified [2–4] metals form a thin oxide film, sometimes in the form of nanowires and other thermodynamically unfavorable forms [6,7], and composite materials are etched preferentially [8,9]. Oxidative plasmas are usually created in oxygen (O2) or a mixture of O2 with a noble gas, such as argon or helium. These plasmas are often very reactive and may destroy delicate samples through thermal degradation caused by exothermic reactions that take place on the material surface.
Plasmas can be created with different gaseous discharges at different powers. Powerful discharges are suitable for production of large quantities of metal oxide nanoparticles [7,10]. However, they are too aggressive for treatment of polymer materials, let alone delicate biomedical samples. In such cases, it is best to use plasma at a very low neutral gas kinetic temperature, relatively low ionization fraction, and moderately high dissociation fraction. Electrodeless high frequency discharges seem to be particularly useful for the generation of plasmas with these characteristics. A small problem arising from application of plasmas created in discharges at low power is the ignition phenomenon. It has been known for a century that the breakdown power of many electrodeless discharges is much larger than the sustaining power. There are several methods for overcoming this problem, including application of powerful pulses for ignition of the discharge. Another possible solution is application of an early afterglow instead of the plasma itself. The density of many plasma particles is much lower in early afterglow than in glowing plasma, while some other particles appear to be relatively stable and their density in the early afterglow is not much lower than that seen in the plasma itself. This is especially true for neutral O atoms, where the decay length in high frequency discharges may be very long. A less aggressive alternative to O2 is application of plasma created in a gas that contains O atoms, such as water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2). Although it was demonstrated that CO2 plasmas have certain advantages in polymer surface functionalization applications [13–15], very little work has been published on the decay of the dissociation fraction in an early afterglow of plasmas created in CO2. In the present paper, we address this phenomenon. For this purpose a thermocouple nickel catalytic probe was used. This probe is usually used for measuring the densities of neutral atoms produced in an electromagnetic discharge of diatomic gas molecules, such as oxygen and hydrogen. However with some modifications of the heterogeneous recombination model on a probe, radical densities in an early afterglow of a plasma created in a CO2 electrodeless radiofrequency discharge can also be determined.
2. Experimental Section
Experiments were performed using the discharge system shown in Figure 1. The main component of this system is a discharge tube (I.D. 3.6 cm), which is connected to an afterglow tube (I.D. 3.6 cm) by a narrow glass tube (I.D. 7 mm, length 6 cm) as shown in Figure 2. Carbon dioxide leaks into the discharge system through a manually adjustable high vacuum leak valve. The gas passes into the discharge region where it is transformed into plasma, and then continues into the afterglow chamber through a narrow borosilicate glass tube. The narrow tube effectively separates the glowing plasma from the early afterglow. The intensity of the emitted light is uniform in the discharge tube and diminishes as the gas enters the narrow tube. Visibly glowing plasma is present in the first 3–5 cm of the narrow tube, with the exact distance depending on the pressure, and converts to early afterglow thereafter. The absence of plasma glow results from the loss of electrons because of surface neutralization along the narrow tube.
The gas in the afterglow continues its way toward the pump passing through the vacuum gauge (Baratron® Absolute, pressure range 1–1,000 Pa, MKS Instruments, Andover, MA, USA) and flowing through a recombinator until it finally reaches the pump. The CO2 pressure was varied between 20 Pa and 120 Pa. The recombinator contains a rough copper mesh that effectively recombines any radicals into stable molecules, but this has practically no influence on the gas flow in the sense of lowering the effective pumping speed. Without the recombinator, radicals might react with the oil in the rotary pump. The nominal pumping speed of the two-stage rotary pump was 16 m3 h−1.
A standard thermocouple nickel catalytic probe (Figure 2) was mounted into the afterglow chamber as shown in Figure 3. Detailed operation of catalytic probe and calculations for determination of neutral oxygen atoms in oxygen plasma afterglow is described elsewhere. The temperature of the catalytic probe, which is needed for calculation of the density of radicals, was measured by a voltmeter connected to a computer. The catalytic probe was movable so that it was possible to perform measurements with the probe tip at different positions in the afterglow chamber. Before the experiments with the catalytic probe, a simple double electrical probe was mounted into the center of the discharge tube to estimate the density of positive ions in the glowing plasma. The saturated ion current depended on the pressure and slowly decreased with increasing pressure. The order of magnitude for the density of charged particles was 1016 m−3.
3. Results and Discussion
Systematic measurements were performed by adjusting the pressure in the afterglow chamber to an appropriate value, and then moving the probe along the afterglow chamber. The zero position was approximately 1 cm away from the exit of the narrow tube (see Figure 3). Measurements were performed at discrete positions separated by 5 cm. The maximum temperature of the probe under various experimental conditions is presented in Figure 4. The probe temperature measurements are both reliable and reproducible, while only the thermocouple and voltmeter are used. These measurements are also very accurate, with a precision of about ≈ 5 K. The density of the radicals was then calculated using the standard procedure, which is based on heating of the probe because of recombination of plasma radicals on its surface. One must also consider the heating contribution of ions and plasma radiation. However in our case there were no ions in the afterglow chamber, as they all were neutralized in the narrow tube. The role of plasma irradiation on the probe was measured with an optical emission spectrometer (OES) with sensitivity of 14,000 counts μW−1 per ms integration time. We measured OES spectra near the probe position and we estimated the radiation power to be about 10 W. This means that the nickel disk with mass of 2.6 × 10−6 kg and 444 J·kg−1·K−1 thermal heat capacity would heat up for 1 K in approximately 120 s. Even though this is an overestimation, while the solid angle of the probe is at least ten times lower than solid angle of spectrometer, the contribution from plasma irradiation can be neglected while the probe heats up, usually to about 100 K (Figure 4) in 20 s or less. Therefore the probe is heated mostly through the heterogeneous reactions of plasma radicals.
Here it is worth mentioning that we had to activate the probe. The nickel probe tip was oxidized and because of that, the first few measurements in an afterglow of the CO2 plasma were not reproducible. Several measurements had to be done to achieve reproducibility. This could be explained with the adsorption of CO molecules on the surface of the nickel disk. Thus the heterogeneous reactions on the surface of the probe tip are :
Reactions (1) and (2) include both the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (Oads + Oads → O2, COads + Oads → CO2) and Eley-Rideal mechanisms (O + Oads → O2, CO + Oads → CO2, COads + O → CO2), while for determination of radicals only power released by Reaction (1) and power released by Reaction (2) are needed.


To discuss how innovation systems can help achieve sustainability, we wish to bring together people from different communities and hopefully go beyond the usual confrontations to make a global review of the current situation.
To facilitate exchange, the symposium will be organized in such a way as to:
 - Encourage dialogue between researchers of Northern and Southern countries,
 - Develop linkages between life sciences, technical sciences and social sciences,
 - Create an interface between science and society to get different actors involved in the scientific debate.
The symposium thus intends to provide an arena to reflect upon future choices, design appropriate scientific agendas, and help renew actions and policies.


Which of the following functions assign sequential numbers to rows of a query's result set based on a specified order within a partition?
 Posted by Bandi on 11/30/2013 | Category: Sql Server Interview questions | Views: 2189 | Points: 40
Select from following answers:
 1. IDENTITY
 2. NEWID
 3. SEQUENCE
 4. ROW_NUMBER
 5. All Above
Show Correct Answer
Asked In: Many Interviews | Alert Moderator
Comments or Responses
Login to post response


During the discovery process, Network Protocol Manager uses instances of certain VMware Smart Assurance object classes to create within its repository a data model representation of the discovered routing topology. The various data models that are supported by Network Protocol Manager are shown in Appendix A, "Data Models."
Network Protocol Manager performs the following steps to discover the routing topology in the managed network:
 1. Imports a protocol topology collection set of objects and (optional) CLI device-access objects from IP Availability Manager, and adds the objects to its repository.
 A protocol topology collection set contains routing-enabled devices along with containment and connectivity objects that are associated with the devices.
 2. Probes the imported devices for routing topology information.
 3. Creates in its repository instances of the discovered routing topology objects (such as routing-protocol service and endpoint objects) and their relationships.
 4. Combines the information that is collected from the various probes to create additional routing topology objects (routing-protocol adjacency objects and routing-protocol network objects) and additional relationships.
 5. Creates relationships that associate the routing topology objects with the underlying physical objects from IP Availability Manager.
 6. Exports device and routing topology to the Global Manager.


text:
ASTM International - ASTM D1054-91(2000)
Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Resilience Using a Rebound Pendulum
|Publication Date:||10 July 2000|
|ICS Code (Rubber):||83.060|
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of impact resilience and penetration of rubber by means of a rebound pendulum.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.


Thanked 808 Times in 797 Posts
 Qt products
 Qt5
 Platforms
 Windows Android
 Default Re: Pointer to another window.
 Ps. I wanna learn the other way / way's, and then judge what is better, for me, not for you.
 Wow, you really have a problem with accepting advice, don't you? I looked at your code and I have the same reaction as Ginsengelf: I would never write such code, and since Qt gives you the very powerful model of signals and slots to handle exactly the kind of thing you are trying to do with friends and pointers and references, it would help you to learn about how to use them so you can write better code.
 It is also pretty clear that you don't have a lot of understanding of C++, scope, and pointers. Instead of having pointers and references everywhere, you can replace all of that with one line of code:
 Qt Code:
 1. Window_002 *MainWindow::Return_Pointer()
 2. {
 3. return &window_002;
 4. }
 To copy to clipboard, switch view to plain text mode
 Not that this is a good idea. It's actually a bad idea to ever expose member variables of one class to the outside world. It's even a worse idea to have chains of exposed member variables like this: window_002_PTR->ui->Test_LineEdit->setText("This is from MainWIndow");
 And yes, it absolutely is a "professional programmer" thing. It is something you learn as you teach yourself to write better code and understand why the code you wrote when you were first learning wasn't as good as it could be. When you show your code to a professional programmer (or when you want to get a job as a professional programmer), what would you prefer, a reaction like Gingsengelf and I have, or a comment like, "Yeah, you really know your stuff, you're hired"?
 Anyway, now that you have opened the hood of the car, I can tell you that the problem is here:
 Qt Code:
 1. void window_003::on_Window_003_Set_Text_Button_clicked()
 2. {
 3. MainWindow MW;
 4. MainWindow* MW_PTR = &MW;
 5. Window_002* Window_Pointer;
 6. Window_Pointer = MW_PTR->Return_Pointer();
 7. Window_Pointer->ui->Test_LineEdit->setText("This is from window 003");
 8. }
 To copy to clipboard, switch view to plain text mode
 The MainWindow instance you create on the stack in the first line of this method is different and not the same instance as you create in main(). And because you declare an instance of Window_002 as a member variable of MainWindow, that Window_002 instance is not the same as the instance in the MainWindow you create in main(). So when you retrieve the Window_002 pointer from the new instance of MainWindow and then modify the text, you are modifying the temporary instance of Window_002 you retrieve from the temporary instance of MainWindow.
 None of these temporary instances is related in any way to the instances you created through main(). Once this method exits, all those temporary variables go away.
 I think it would help you a lot if you studied some of the many Qt examples that came with your Qt distribution. The Qt Tutorial for Beginners covers most of the important things you will need to be able to write good C++ programs using Qt.
 It will be worth you while to work your way through that, because even though you probably won't admit it, your code shows that you are a beginner. We all were at some point.
 Last edited by d_stranz; 14th March 2018 at 16:10.
 <=== The Great Pumpkin says ===>
 Please use CODE tags when posting source code so it is more readable. Click "Go Advanced" and then the "#" icon to insert the tags. Paste your code between them.
 14. #14
 Default Re: Pointer to another window.
 Ok, any exact solution, how to get that pointer?
 Ps. "Not that this is a good idea." Argument's, in this case, i am not intrested in your opinion. Wher are the argument's? Otherwise it's just a tradition, if you dont do that you are wrong (No argument's why). Stupid tradition at that point, and i rly hate thinking like that "You have to do that, because you have to do that".
 I create this topic, to know how to get the pointer,and work on orginal object, but as a secondary thing, you can show your agrument's, why exposing variables when it's needed, is a bad idea, cuz at this point, i read ther something like " It's like that, cuz it's like that" << And this is the way, how you sholud work.
 What that mean?? I am sure we can talk about that, but first let me know finnaly HOW to get that pointer, i am waiting a lot of time, i tried to find any tutorials, but nothing helped.
 If you are that professional, for you it's 2 minutes, and it's all done, so any help??
 Just a simple example. Btw, if someone sak you, for a glass of coca-cola, dont give to him a pice of ham ,because you think it's better for him.
 I repeat, i wanna get that pointer, not learn "professional programming".
 15. #15
 Join Date
 Jan 2006
 Location
 Munich, Germany
 Posts
 4,716
 Thanks
 21
 Thanked 418 Times in 411 Posts
 Qt products
 Qt3 Qt4 Qt5 Qt/Embedded
 Platforms
 Unix/X11 Windows
 Default Re: Pointer to another window.
 Just a simple example. Btw, if someone sak you, for a glass of coca-cola, dont give to him a pice of ham ,because you think it's better for him.
 That is wrong analogy.
 The correct one is:
 You are hungry - and ï¿¼ d_stranz can give you a fish, or, teach you how to fish so you wont go hungry again.
 Looking at his lengthy answers to you, it clear he invested time and thought about them.
 You can at least be respectful with your tone to him.
 but as a secondary thing, you can show your agrument's, why exposing variables when it's needed, is a bad idea, cuz at this point, i read ther something like " It's like that, cuz it's like that" << And this is the way, how you sholud work.
 The scope of a forum is not meant for that.
 You need to learn OOP and C++ and software design to fully understand the reasoning behind it.
 In a nutshell, it about dependency of code.
 When you expose a pointer the way you are doing it, you are hard binding the class exposing it with the calling code.
 In real world proffetional code, which can get very big and complicatred, this will cause problems when introducing changes as it will force a changes not only in the place you want to bring them in, but force all the calling code to be adjusted as well.
 That's is one of many other problems with your design.
 Read and learn about good software design and you will understand why what d_stranz said about not exposing your pointer is correct.
 You wanted arguments here is one:
 _URL_
 google for many more.
 Last edited by high_flyer; 15th March 2018 at 12:51.
 ==========================signature=============== ==================
 S.O.L.I.D principles (use them!):
 _URL_
 Do you write clean code? - if you are TDD'ing then maybe, if not, your not writing clean code.
 16. #16
 Default Re: Pointer to another window.
 I am not intresetd in signals and slots, i wanna know how to get the pointer to work, and the analogy is 100% accurate, i don't want them, and you are trying to give it to me, signals and slot's are not the subject of this topic.
 If you wanna speak about that, message me in private, but like i said, i am not interested in them, i wanna know how to get that pointer.
 17. #17
 Join Date
 Jan 2006
 Location
 Munich, Germany
 Posts
 4,716
 Thanks
 21
 Thanked 418 Times in 411 Posts
 Qt products
 Qt3 Qt4 Qt5 Qt/Embedded
 Platforms
 Unix/X11 Windows
 Default Re: Pointer to another window.
 d_stranz already answered you about that.
 ==========================signature=============== ==


How To Measure Arrow Length
When I first got into archery, I did some initial research and knew about the different bows sizes but does the length of the arrow really matter? Surely an arrow is an arrow, right? You just nock it into the bow and shoot? Nope, there is a lot more to it than that!
Don't worry though, it's not as complicated as it might sound. The aim of this guide is to help show you what Arrow Length is, why it's important and how to learn what length of arrows you should use.
It's very important that you need to understand is that not all arrows are the same. The arrows that people use are based on their needs and their size, they are measure to them. It is, therefore, a really bad idea to shoot with someone else arrows, as they won't be suitable for you.
Arrow Length Vs Arrow Size
The first thing to understand is that the length and the size are two completely different things.
 - The length of the arrow refers to the overall length of the shaft
 - Arrow size is referring to the spine and how stiff the arrow is. It is used to determine the thickness of the shaft and how much you are able to flex it before the arrow bends.
 - Arrow Length Is Important For Your Safety
 - No doubt you can figure out that the arrow is the most dangerous part of archery, injuries can come from arrows before they have even left the bow. When you draw the bowstring back with the arrow attached, if the arrow is too short it could result in it falling off the rest.
But why is that so bad?
If the arrow falls off the rest at the point of shooting, the risk is that it could shoot straight into the hand holding the bow grip…Ouch, that is going to hurt!
This kind of injury will cause lasting impacts on not just your archery but will also impact all aspects of your life. Luckily, if you do measure your arrow length correctly, this shouldn't happen!
The arrow should be big enough that even when at full draw, the arrow tip should still be slightly past the riser.
How To Measure Correct Arrow Length
There are three methods that can be done to determine what length of arrow you need, two of these can be done on your own whereas the other you will need someone to help. You will also need a tape measure and something to mark such as a Sharpie.
There are also a couple of things you need to ensure before starting;
 - Ensure Correct Posture
 - In order to get the correct measurements, you need to imagine you are standing at the target and ready to draw your bow. Its therefore very important that when taking measurements, you have the correct posture and stance.
 - Correct Drawing of the Bow
 - As well as posture, you need to pretend that you are actually drawing a bow. If you do have a bow then you could actually draw it with an arrow being nocked. (but don't let go of the bowstring!)
 Make sure the hand you hold the bow with is stretched our and your drawing hand is at the anchor point. You need to it be as exact and correct as possible to keep your shoulders up and in a straight line.
For advice on learning about drawing a bow, check out my how to shoot a bow guide
How To Measure Arrow Length – The 3 Best Methods
1. Measuring Your Arm
This method can be done alone if you do not have someone to help, although you will need a tape measure. Hold the tape measure with the hand that you would usually hold your bow with. With your drawing hand pull on the metal part of the tape measure and stretch out the tape until it reaches your anchor point.
With your hand that's holding the tape measure, flip the switch that locks it in position. Look at the measurement and add an additional 1 inch, this would be your arrow length.
If you do have someone that can help measure then stretch your arms out in front of you and extend your fingers with your palms together. If your friend then measures from your chest to your fingertips and adds an additional 1 inch, you will find the correct length for your arrows.
2. Measuring Your Draw
This second method you will need someone to help, as well as a measuring tape and a bow for you to hold. To determine the arrow length you simply need to hold up the bow and draw the bowstring back to your chosen anchor point, your friend will then need to measure from the string to the front of the riser. Once they have this measurement, they will then want to add an extra half an inch.
3. Using A Draw Arrow
A draw arrow is an arrow that has all of the different measurements on it, therefore when you draw it back you can ask someone to tell you're the measurement. Another method of doing this would be to use an extra long arrow and go to full draw and ask someone to mark it with a pen and then measure the distance. Proper draw arrows are however pretty low cost and a little more exact, you can often find them on Amazon.
I hope this article will show you just how important it is to get the right length of arrows. By following one of the above 3 methods you should have the right arrow length and be able to fully draw your bow, without any risk of injury.
Adam has been enjoying the sport of archery since 2010, intially getting the bug for it whilst on holiday and trying it out in an activity center. Since his very first eperiance of holding a bow and arrow, he fell in love with it and can now be found at the range or in the great outdoors as often as possible.
His main go to bow type is a recurve but he loves shooting from compounds as well. Adam created The Archery Guide as a way to help others get into this great activity and to share his knowledge/experiences.


text:
Making a Collection on i phone
If you haven't yet worked out how to make a collage on your own iPhone, it could time for you to learn! By simple steps, you can create wonderful collages. Here are some tips for you to get began. First, _URL_ download a collage software. Once you have it, you can start choosing photos. You can also browse collage layouts and download all of them if you wish. When you're content with the design, you are able to share the collage employing your social networks.
To produce a collage about iPhone, open the Shortcuts app. Next, choose the photos you want to use in the collection. The most common alignment for symbol and landscaping images is certainly horizontal. For anybody who is using a mix of equally, you can select a symmetrical grid to fit your photos. Once it's satisfied with your collage, touch the show button inside the upper-right corner and preserve the image.
To edit and modify the collection, tap the photos you intend to include. Select a layout that fits your artistic and style. You may then adjust the photos' colorings and regulate their figures. When you're performed, save the collage for the camera rotate. If you'd like to talk about the collage with others, you can even include a collage filtration system. Once you've finished a collage, you can send out it out by means of social networks.
Think about your photographs, select these people from your Photography Library. The chevron icon indicates the section may be expanded or that a menu can be opened up. If you're unsure of which photos to combine, make an effort Diptic. This free application lets you type photos and select the best types for a image collage. Then, operate the collage equipment to personalize the layout. You can then share the finished item with other folks, whether it's a postcard, a photo gift, or possibly a personal record.


text:
Super Optical Biosensors
- Caide Xiao
- May 2019
Commencing by defining a set of standards for benchmarking sensors to enable better comparison, this book then proceeds to provide a review of the physics and workings of several optical and super optical biosensors, and introduces two more super optical biosensors, including the most sensitive super optical biosensor 'RMEPA', an abbreviation of three optical technique names: resonant mirroring, ellipsometry and attenuated total reflection. Mathcad is used to analyse these virtual biosensors and these codes and available to readers for use in their own research. It will be a key reference for researchers in academia and industry, particularly those involved in developing next generation optical biosensors.
Caide Xiao obtained his bachelor's degree in physics from Central China Normal University and was a lecturer of medical physics in Yunyang University. Following his PhD in optical biosensors from Tsinghua University he has subsequently been a research fellow and visiting scholar at the Biotechnology Research Institute in Montreal, Oakland University in Rochester, West Virginia University and the University of Calgary.
Table of Contents
List of Symbols
1 A Sensitivity Benchmark for Optical Biosensors
2 Eigen-Waves in Optical Systems
3 Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors
4 SPR Ellipsometry Biosensors
5 Waveguide Biosensors
6 SPR Biosensors DIY And Applications
Hardback ISBN: 9780750323826
Ebook ISBN: 9780750323840
Publisher: Institute of Physics Publishing


text:
If your dog is eating grass frantically, you may be wondering what may be going on. Perhaps your dog has been insistently asking to go outside, and then, once out in the yard, you see him grabbing grass by the mouthful like there's no tomorrow, what gives? Following are some possible causes as to why dogs eat grass frantically.
Dogs Eating Grass Due to Tummy Upset
When you feel sick to your stomach, you may frantically reach for your medicine cabinet and gobble down an antacid, when your dog feels sick instead, he starts frantically eating grass.
It's is not completely clear why dogs eat grass when they are feeling sick, but there are chances that dogs are naturally drawn to ingesting grass because grass is not easily digestible, or the grass blades, once swallowed by the mouthful, cause a gag reflex which facilitates vomiting.
Regardless of the underlying mechanism, grass eating in dogs feeling sick is different from the leisurely grass nibbling seen in healthy dogs. Dogs feeling sick tend to to typically eat the grass quickly by grabbing it in mouthfuls.
Dogs feeling sick are also often indiscriminate grass eaters, meaning that they grab any type of grass compared to dogs savoring grass just because they love greens. The latter tend to look for the most tender tips or a specific type of grass.
I remember not to long ago boarding a dog with a sensitive stomach. Every morning he would seek grass to make himself vomit. Unlike my dogs who were grazers and quite picky on the type of grass they ingested, this dog seemed to care less and actually sought the rougher types of grass that were mostly composed of indigestible cellulose.
With the owner's permission, I had this dog see the vet and the dog was put on antacids and I had to give him a late snack. Apparently, he couldn't stay too long with an empty stomach. The owner had no clue, just thought he was vomiting because of the grass eating, when in reality he was eating grass because he had nausea. Sort of like a chicken and egg situation.
He was diagnosed with "Bilious vomiting syndrome." With the antacid and late snack though, his days of grass eating and vomiting were finally over.
Dogs Eating Grass Due to Nutritional Deficiencies
On top of eating grass due to digestive issues, sometimes grass eating may be due to some nutritional deficiency. These dogs may show a preference for eating grass rather than dog food.
Pica is the medical term used to depict a disorder where dogs may be eating things that aren't food. Pica can be caused by some type of nutritional deficiency, although it can sometimes be a sign of boredom, particularly when practiced by puppies and young dogs.
There may be chances that dogs who eat grass frantically may be trying to fulfill some nutritional need that is not met. In the wild, canines tend to eat every part of prey animals and that includes the grassy contents of their stomachs.
Some dogs may have a higher need for fiber or certain vitamins or minerals in their diets and once these dogs are placed on a high-fiber diet, the frantic grass eating stops almost entirely.
Dogs Eating Grass to Seize the Day
And then there are dogs who eat grass voraciously rather than frantically, just because they adhere to the "seize the day" philosophy of life. In other words, these dogs feast and want to fill up quickly because you never know what tomorrow brings.
Dogs don't really think like this in such a rational way as humans do, but more at an instinctive level. The behavior of dogs gulping down food like there's no tomorrow, is likely reminiscent of the days when in the wild, they led a "feast or famine" lifestyle.
Before food waste from human settlements provided a new niche, a dog's ancestors dealt with times when there was food in abundance and lean times when they were starving. When food was in abundance, they would fill up very quickly, especially considering that anything not consumed within a certain time frame could have been quickly eaten by other opportunistic animals.
When provided with the opportunity to eat grass, dogs may therefore eat it voraciously, in the same fashion as they gulp down their meals.
Sometimes, certain dynamics contribute to making the grass extra salient to dogs, and therefore, worthy of consuming quickly. For instance, if your dog is fond of a particular type of grass that he may find only sometimes on walks, he may gulp it down quickly when it stumbles upon it due to scarcity.
Also, if you normally prohibit your dog from eating grass, that day you are not watching, you can bet your dog will eat it voraciously. Bored, understimulated dogs may too find grass extra appealing due to their need to forage and some dogs may even eat grass as part of an obsessive compulsive disorder.
Now That You Know...
As seen, dogs often eat grass frantically when they are not feeling well. While the grass eating may look rather innocent, there are several dangers to consider. If your dog eats grass frantically, here are some warnings and tips.
- Never let a dog eat grass that has been treated with fertilizer, weed killers or pesticides.
- Watch for dogs who eat grass frantically as they may ingest toxic plants and poisonous mushrooms along with the grass. Learn what plants are in your yard and look them up in the ASPCA's Animal Poison Control Center website to make sure they are not toxic.
- Since grass is not digestible, if your dog happens to eat a large quantity, it could possibly cause a blockage.
- Keeping your grass mowed short may discourage grass eating considering that dogs often seek the longer blades.
- If your dog often eats grass frantically, have your dog see the vet for underlying digestive disorders. GI issues in dogs can be caused by eating anything unusual to them, a change in diet or even eating too much. Some dogs may have underlying GI disorders and may need a special diet and/or antacids.
- Giving the dog multiple pieces of bread when seeking grass can sometimes absorb any acid and help the dog feel better.
- Some dogs when feeling sick and not being allowed to eat grass, may end up licking floors, carpets or their paws. Be careful as some dogs may also ingest things such as socks or other items.
- If your vet determines other issues not related to digestion issues, follow your vet's advice for treatment.
- Adding fiber to a dog's diet may help dogs who crave it. Adding some canned pumpkin (the plain type without spices added) can sometimes help, suggests veterinarian Dr. Ralston.
- Finally, if the grass-eating may stem from boredom, provide more mental stimulation through brain games and ample of foraging opportunities.