text:
are two very common relay events: the 4×100 metres relay and the 4×400 metres relay. Both events entered the Olympic programme at the 1912 Summer Games after a one-off men's medley relay featured in 1908 Olympics. The 4×100 m event is run strictly within the same lane on the track, meaning that the team collectively runs one complete circuit of the track. Teams in a 4×400 m event remain in their own lane until the runner of the second leg passes the first bend, at which point runners can leave their lanes and head towards the inner-most part of the circuit. For the second and third baton change overs, team mates must align themselves in respect of their team position – leading teams take the inner lanes while team mates of the slower teams must await the baton on outer lanes.
The IAAF keeps world records for five different types of track relays. As with 4×100 m and 4×400 m events, all races comprise teams of four athletes running the same distances, with the less commonly contested distances being the 4×200 m, 4×800 m and 4×1500 m relays. Other events include the distance medley relay (comprising legs of 1200 m, 400 m, 800 m, and 1600 m), which is frequently held in the United States, and a sprint relay, known as the Swedish medley relay, which is popular in Scandinavia and held at the World Youth Championships in Athletics programme. Relay events have significant participation in the United States, where a number of large meetings (or relay carnivals) are focused almost exclusively on relay events.
Races with hurdles as obstacles were first popularised in the 19th century in England. The first known event, held in 1830, was a variation of the 100-yard dash that included heavy wooden barriers as obstacles. A competition between the Oxford and Cambridge Athletic Clubs in 1864 refined this, holding a 120-yard race (109.72 m) with ten hurdles of 3-foot and 6 inches (1.06 m) in height (each placed 10 yards (9.14 m) apart), with the first and final hurdles 15 yards from the start and finish, respectively. French organisers adapted the race into metric (adding 28 cm) and the basics of this race, the men's 110 metres hurdles, has remained largely unchanged. The origin of the 400 metres hurdles also lies in Oxford, where (around 1860) a competition was held over 440 yards and twelve 1.06 m high wooden barriers were placed along the course. The modern regulations stem from the 1900 Summer Olympics: the distance was fixed to 400 m while ten 3-foot (91.44 cm) hurdles were placed 35 m apart on the track, with the first and final hurdles being 45 m and 40 m away from the start and finish, respectively. Women's hurdles are slightly lower at 84 cm for the 100 m event and 76 cm (2 ft 6in) for the 400 m event.
By far the most common events are the 100 metres hurdles for women, 110 m hurdles for men and 400 m hurdles for both sexes. The men's 110 m has been featured at every modern Summer Olympics while the men's 400 m was introduced in the second edition of the Games. Women's initially competed in the 80 metres hurdles event, which entered the Olympic programme in 1932. This was extended to the 100 m hurdles at the 1972 Olympics, but it was not until 1984 that a women's 400 m hurdles event took place at the Olympics (having been introduced at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics the previous year).
Outside of the hurdles events, the steeplechase race is the other track and field event with obstacles. Just as the hurdling events, the steeplechase finds its origin in student competition in Oxford, England. However, this event was born as a human variation on the original steeplechase competition found in horse racing. A steeplechase event was held on a track for the 1879 English championships and the 1900 Summer Olympics featured men's 2500 m and 4000 m steeplechase races. The event was held over various distances until the 1920 Summer Olympics marked the rise of the 3000 metres steeplechase as the standard event. The IAAF set the standards of the event in 1954, and the event is held on a 400 m circuit that includes a water jump on each lap. Despite the long history of men's steeplechase in track and field, the women's steeplechase only gained World Championship status in 2005, with its first Olympic appearance coming in 2008.
The long jump is one of the oldest track and field events, having its roots as one of the events within the ancient Greek pentathlon contest. The athletes would take a short run up and jump into an area of dug up earth, with the winner being the one who jumped furthest. Small weights (Halteres) were held in each hand during the jump then swung back and dropped near the end to gain extra momentum and distance. The modern long jump, standardised in England and the United States around 1860, bears resemblance to the ancient event although no weights are used. Athletes sprint along a length of track that leads to a jumping board and a sandpit. The athletes must jump before a marked line and their achieved distance is measured from the nearest point of sand disturbed by the athlete's body.
The athletics competition at the first Olympics featured a men's long jump competition and a women's competition was introduced at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Professional long jumpers typically have strong acceleration and sprinting abilities. However, athletes must also have a consistent stride to allow them to take off near the board while still maintaining their maximum speed. In addition to the traditional long jump, a standing long jump contest exists requires that athletes leap from a static position without a run-up. A men's version of this event featured on the Olympic programme from 1900 to 1912.
Similar to the long jump, the triple jump takes place on a track heading towards a sandpit. Originally, athletes would hop on the same leg twice before jumping into the pit, but this was changed to the current "hop, step and jump" pattern from 1900 onwards. There is some dispute over whether the triple jump was contested in ancient Greece: while some historians claim that a contest of three jumps occurred at Ancient Games, others such as Stephen G. Miller believe this is incorrect, suggesting that the belief stems from a mythologised account of Phayllus of Croton having jumped 55 ancient feet (around 16.3 m). The Book of Leinster, a 12th-century Irish manuscript, records the existence of geal-ruith (triple jump) contests at the ancient Tailteann Games.
The men's triple jump competition has been ever-present at the modern Olympics, but it was not until 1993 that a women's version gained World Championship status and went on to have its first Olympic appearance three years later. A men's standing triple jump event featured at the 1900 and 1904 Olympics but such competitions have since become very uncommon, although it is still used as a non-competitive exercise drill.
The first recorded instances of high jumping competitions were in Scotland in the 19th century. Further competitions were organised in 1840 in England and in 1865 the basic rules of the modern event were standardised there. Athletes have a short run up and then take off from one foot to jump over a horizontal bar and fall back onto a cushioned landing area. The men's high jump was included in the 1896 Olympics and a women's competition soon followed in 1928.
Jumping technique has played a significant part in the history of the event. High jumpers typically cleared the bar feet first in the late 19th century, using either the Scissors, Eastern cut-off or Western roll technique. The straddle technique became prominent in the mid-20th century, but Dick Fosbury overturned tradition by pioneering a backwards and head-first technique in the late 1960s – the Fosbury Flop – which won him the gold at the 1968 Olympics. This technique has become the overwhelming standard for the sport from the 1980s onwards. The standing high jump was contested at the Olympics from 1900 to 1912, but is now relatively uncommon outside of its use as an exercise drill.
In terms of sport, the use of poles for vaulting distances was recorded in Fierljeppen contests in the Frisian area of Europe, and vaulting for height was seen at gymnastics competitions in Germany in the 1770s. One of the earliest recorded pole vault competitions was in Cumbria, England in 1843. The basic rules and technique of the event originated in the United States. The rules required that athletes do not move their hands along the pole and athletes began clearing the bar with their feet first and twisting so that the stomach faces the bar. Bamboo poles were introduced in the 20th century and a metal box in the runway for planting the pole became standard. Landing matresses were introduced in the mid-20th century to protect the athletes who were clearing increasingly greater heights.
The modern event sees athletes run down a strip of track, plant the pole in the metal box, and vault over the horizontal bar before letting go of the pole and falling backwards onto


text:
- What is the Holy Spirit's greatest gift to us?
- Why life is the most precious gift from God?
- What are the 12 spiritual gifts?
- What name means beautiful gift from God?
- What is God given talent?
- How can a person be a gift?
- Why is life the greatest gift?
- What is gift from God?
- What is the first gift that God gives man?
- Is love a gift from God?
- How do you thank God for the gift of life?
- What is a good and perfect gift?
- What is God's greatest gift to mankind?
- What are the three gifts from God?
- What are the most beautiful gifts?
- What are the 12 gifts of the Holy Spirit?
- What is the theme of the pulley?
- How life is a gift?
- What are the 16 spiritual gifts?
- What is the greatest gift?
- Which is the most beautiful gift of life?
- What is the first gift of God?
- What was the great gift Jesus gave to humanity?
- What did God glass of blessings contain?
- Is food a gift from God?
- What is the gift of God to man according to Pulley?
What is the Holy Spirit's greatest gift to us?
Wisdom is considered the first and the greatest of the gifts.
It acts upon both the intellect and the will.
According to St.
Bernard, it both illumines the mind and instills an attraction to the divine..
Why life is the most precious gift from God?
But it is how we choose to live this gift that gives us full meaning and appreciation of what is truly important. Life is God's most precious gift. But it is how we choose to live this gift that gives us full meaning and appreciation of what is truly important.
What are the 12 spiritual gifts?
Word of wisdom.Word of knowledge.Faith.Gifts of healings.Miracles.Prophecy.Distinguishing between spirits.Tongues.More items…
What name means beautiful gift from God?
Hence, they often go for a name that means 'gift from God'….Names for Girls.NameMeaningNaiteeA simple little giftNayeraA gift of God; fashionableNaysaGod's giftNazeenaA beautiful gift from Allah; love71 more rows•Jun 18, 2019
What is God given talent?
The definition of god given refers to something, usually a talent or ability, that is either innate (not learned) or that is so extraordinary that it could only have come from a higher power. An example of God-given talent is the skill that the best Olympic athlete has within his field. adjective.
How can a person be a gift?
A gift person is one who comes into your life and leaves you with an awareness or insight that enriches or motivates or helps you change direction. They are everywhere. We just need to notice them. The most obvious gift person will be someone close to you.
Why is life the greatest gift?
Everything in the world is dependent on life. … It from having a life that we are able to do anything we want in this world. It is because of life that we are able to see, touch, hear, smell, and taste the world we are living right now. That is, life is undoubtedly the greatest gift that God has given.
What is gift from God?
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English gift (from God)something good you receive or something good that happens to you, even though you might not deserve it This opportunity was a gift from God.
What is the first gift that God gives man?
For without life nothing else exists, nothing else matters. And because of this, one may be assured that life was the first and greatest gift that God bestowed on man when He formed man from the "dust of the ground."
Is love a gift from God?
God's blessings are bound to follow people that genuinely love others. As Christians, the best thing we can give to the world is God's love. You might not understand this, but love is the ultimate gift.
How do you thank God for the gift of life?
Grateful and blessed for each day that you have given me especially now that i am a mother of my child Airi. Thank you for my family and friends who loves and support me.
What is a good and perfect gift?
Whatever is good and perfect is a gift coming down to us from God our Father, who created all the lights in the heavens. He never changes or casts a shifting shadow. Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow due to change.
What is God's greatest gift to mankind?
We might say that the greatest gift that has ever been given to humanity is God's gift of Christ Jesus. God, divine Love itself, loves us so much that He sent Jesus to awaken us to our own pure identity as God's loved sons and daughters, and show us how to live this identity. This is indeed something to celebrate!
What are the three gifts from God?
GiftsAll three gifts are ordinary offerings and gifts given to a king. … The three gifts had a spiritual meaning: gold as a symbol of kingship on earth, frankincense (an incense) as a symbol of deity, and myrrh (an embalming oil) as a symbol of death.
What are the most beautiful gifts?
40 Gifts That Are As Beautiful As They Are UsefulAn outta-this-world paperweight that'll tidy your desk while reminding you of how you're working this 9 to 5 to save up for a penthouse on Mars. … A copper string of lights to shed some ethereal light on most anything. … A picturesque bundt cake pan to produce the most ~magical~ powdered sugar–dusted forest.More items…•Dec 4, 2017
What are the 12 gifts of the Holy Spirit?
The 12 fruits are charity (or love), joy, peace, patience, benignity (or kindness), goodness, longanimity (or long-suffering), mildness (or gentleness), faith, modesty, continency (or self-control), and chastity.
What is the theme of the pulley?
A theme of the poem is that God gave humans many great gifts, but that his withholding of a certain gift—rest—is also a blessing. We humans are made restless and weary not because God is cruel, but so that we will be pulled back to God, hence the name "The Pulley."
How life is a gift?
Life is a gift, and it offers us the privilege, opportunity, and responsibility to give something back by becoming more. Life is a gift from God, an unlimited series of opportunities to find the good in ourselves and others. There is good in everything, if we are willing to see it.
What are the 16 spiritual gifts?
16 SPIRITUAL GIFTS LISTSAdministration / Ruling.Apostleship / Pioneering.Discernment.Evangelism.Faith.Hospitality.Knowledge.Leadership.More items…
What is the greatest gift?
The greatest gift of all was Jesus Christ, God himself, come to earth because he loved us. Nothing else compares. But he also brought other gifts. He brought hope and peace.
Which is the most beautiful gift of life?
LoveLove: The Most Precious Gift of Life shows us that we must live with love, because that is the only way to really live. The deeper and realer your love is, the deeper and more meaningful your life is. We must think of love and life as being the same and synonymous.
What is the first gift of God?
WisdomWisdom is the first and highest gift of the Holy Spirit, because it is the perfection of faith. Through wisdom, we come to value properly those things which we believe through faith.
What was the great gift Jesus gave to humanity?
The birth of Jesus Christ in the town of Bethlehem is the greatest gift God gave to mankind out of unconditional love. Mary was a humble servant, obedient and full of grace and accepted to be the mother of Christ. Mary, who was free from original sin, conceived by Immaculate Conception.
What did God glass of blessings contain?
Ans: God's glass of blessing contained Strength, Beauty, Wisdom, honour and pleasure.
Is food a gift from God?
But God intended for us to delight in our food. Rachel Stone calls us to rediscover joyful eating by receiving food as God's good gift of provision and care for us. … Come to the table, partake of the Bread of Life―and eat with joy.
What is the gift of God to man according to Pulley?
He blessed man with strength, beauty, wisdom, honour and pleasure. But He kept rest at the bottom. If He also gives rest, then man will admire his gifts, in stead of him.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Social deprivation increases risks of death after heart surgery
A major study of more than 40,000 patients has shown that social deprivation significantly reduces patients' chances of survival after heart surgery.
Research from the University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust has shown that patients from more socially deprived backgrounds had poorer survival rates after cardiac surgery both immediately after the operation (in hospital) and over five years of follow up.
These findings raise concerns that patients from deprived areas are not receiving the full benefits from proven surgical procedures.
This large scale research project involved the Birmingham and North West of England Cardiac Surgical Centres and the Quality & Outcomes Research Unit (QuORU) led by University Hospital Birmingham.
The paper, which is published today (Friday) in the British Medical Journal, looked at 44,902 patients (average age of 65) from the West Midlands and North West England, who received heart surgery at 5 different hospitals, between 1997 and 2007. This included data for a wide range of procedures including coronary bypass grafts and valve replacements. Deprivation for each patient was calculated using a scale compiled for the 2001 census.
Domenico Pagano who led the team of investigators from University Hospital Birmingham said: "This research suggests that the benefits of cardiac surgery are less in patients from deprived background. The challenge is to identify the factors that determine this gap and to address them
By conducting an extremely large analysis we are able to get a real sense of the factors which impact upon survival rates after cardiac surgery.
By looking at a large number of patients we have results that highlight national trends.
The success rates of common surgeries like coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement has improved significantly but this research shows that more deprived people do not survive as long as those who experience less deprivation, after surgery.
The study clearly showed smoking, obesity and diabetes, had a significant negative impact on survival rates. All these factors were strongly associated with social deprivation.
However, we were also able to show that social deprivation had an independent negative effect on survival that was clinically important and statistically significant even after adjusting for other factors."
The study showed that social deprivation was a highly significant factor in a patient's risks of in-hospital mortality after surgery (which was 3.25% amongst the group).
There was an even stronger relationship between social deprivation and death during the five-year follow up after surgery. 5563 patients (12.4%) died during the follow up period. However, there was a 2.4% rise in a patient's risk of mortality for each point of increase on the deprivation scale.
Professor Nick Freemantle from the University of Birmingham adds: "The relationship between deprivation and mortality was pronounced, but this study raises concerns that the effect of proven healthcare interventions may not be equally distributed across socioeconomic boundaries. The reasons for this relationship are complex, probably including diet, lifestyle and access to healthcare.
However, this study does highlight the paramount importance of developing rehabilitation programmes both before and after surgery which include aggressive smoking cessation, nutritional and behavioural support to try and reduce these health inequalities."
For further information contact Ben Hill, Press Officer, University of Birmingham, Tel 0121 _PHONE_, Mob 07789 921163
Notes to Editors
Further information about the study
Background Cardiac surgery offers a number of operations known to carry prognostic benefit. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of social deprivation on survival following cardiac surgery and to understand the influence of potentially modifiable risk factors in these patients.
Methods. We reviewed prospectively collected data on 44902 patients undergoing adult cardiac surgery between 1997 and 2007 in Birmingham and North West England. Social deprivation was calculated using the census based 2001 Carstairs scores. All cause in-hospital and mid-term follow up mortality was obtained from the Office of National Statistics, UK. Prognostic models were developed to examine the additional effect of social deprivation on these endpoints.
Results. In-hospital mortality for all cardiac procedures was 3.25% and mid-term follow up (median 1887 days; range _PHONE_ days) mortality and mid-term mortality was non-linear and risks were higher in the extremes of BMI (P<0.0001). Adjustment for smoking, BMI and diabetes reduced but did not eliminate the effects of social deprivation on mid-term mortality (HR 1.017 95%CI 1.007-1.026;P=0.0004).
Conclusions. Smoking, extremes of BMI and diabetes, which are potentially modifiable risk factors associated with social deprivation are responsible for a significant reduction in survival following surgery, but even after adjusting for these variables social deprivation remains a significant independent predictor of increased mortality risk.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Croatia has introduced a number of reforms to contain pharmaceutical expenditure whilst increasing access to new medicines. These include new regulations and new ordinances in 2013 including the pricing of new medicines and lowering the price of generics. Describe changes in the 2013 ordinance for new and established medicines in Croatia and the potential savings to provide future guidance. Methods: Descriptive review of the new ordinances for pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals and calculations of potential savings from the various initiatives. There were changes in the ordinance for the pricing of new medicines in Croatia including the order of reference priced countries. There were also changes in the pricing of biosimilars as well as comparator levels with other countries. Projections show that with the new ordinance, ambulatory care expenditure for the 54 product groups (internal reference price system) will be reduced by 9.64% (318.4 million kunas) and prices of new medicines lowered by 8 to 10% following changes in the order of referenced price countries. This paper demonstrates that changes in the reference pricing system can lead to considerable differences in overall reimbursed expenditure. In addition, European countries with smaller populations can be active with introducing a variety of measures to keep pharmaceutical expenditure under control whilst increasing access to new medicines. Further reforms will be needed to improve the quality of prescribing. It is also likely further ordinances will be needed to keep pharmaceutical expenditure under control.
- reference pricing


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The following statement can be attributed to the Ohio Farm Bureau Federation.
Ohio's family farmers appreciate the inclusion of CAUV reform in the budget bill passed today by the Ohio House. The adjustments to the Current Agricultural Use Value formula will provide critical relief to farmers who have seen farmland taxes increase by more than 300 percent at a time when farm income has dropped dramatically. The bill also ensures that farmers are not penalized for adopting conservation practices that protect water quality.
OFBF thanks House members for being responsive to the needs of the farming community.
Ohio Farm Bureau also supports the bill's crucial funding for Extension services, agricultural research and development and Soil and Water Conservation Districts. These services provide important science-based information that benefits the farm and food community.
OFBF designated HB 49 as a "Key Vote," indicating its high level of importance to the agricultural community and rural Ohio.
This is a statement for use by journalists. Questions should be directed to Joe Cornely, _PHONE_.


text:
Database of Lithuanian Nominal Phrases Dictionary is the first corpus-based dictionary of Lithuanian multi-word units.
The lexicon reflects a big variety of multi-word units: collocations, phrasal combinations, longer pieces of text (sometimes even several sentences). The identification of the nominal phrases is based on gravity counts in the 100m words Contemporary Corpus of Lithuanian Languages. The corpus reflects the written Lithuanian in the period of _PHONE_. The list of automatically identified MWU's was edited by linguists, only leaving meaningful and grammatically correct phrases that include at least one noun. The dictionary comprises almost 69 thousand nominal phrases.


How to Open CWK Databases
by Dan Howard
You must install an Apple spreadsheet application to open a CWK database.
You must install an Apple spreadsheet application to open a CWK database.
CWK files are documents that were created using Apple's ClarisWorks or AppleWorks office suites. There are several applications that you can use to open a CWK database file. The best way to open a CWK file without losing any data is to use the original AppleWorks or ClarisWorks application, but Mac users can also use the iWorks suite's Numbers application to import a CWK database.
1. Run the AppleWorks, ClarisWorks or iWorks Numbers productivity application.
2. Click "File" in the menu bar and then click "Open."
3. Navigate to the folder that contains your CWK database.
4. Click the file and then click "Open" to open your CWK database in the application.
Things Needed
 - Apple ClarisWorks, AppleWorks or iWorks Numbers
About the Author
Dan Howard is a sports and fitness aficionado who holds a master's degree in psychology. Howard's postgraduate research on the brain and learning has appeared in several academic books and peer-reviewed psychology journals.
Photo Credits
 - Burke/Triolo Productions/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images
Suggest an Article Correction


text:
Worms Armageddon localization editor
- For best performance, use Mozilla Firefox (Chrome bug 582844).
- Paste the.txt file for your language in the textarea above, and click Begin translating.
- Use the toolbar buttons and keyboard controls to navigate and translate the file.
- Hover over toolbar buttons to get a description of what they do.
- Keyboard controls:
- Tab - Go to next string
- Shift+Tab - Go to previous string
- Enter - Go to next TODO
- Shift+Enter - Go to previous TODO
- Ctrl+Enter - Mark current string as done (delete _TAG_ markers and hints), and go to next TODO
- Experimental: you can also edit the text directly (e.g. to add/remove lines), by clicking outside of a value field and editing it as usual.
- New strings added in this way will not be navigatable until you click finish then Begin translating.
- When done, click finish, then copy the text from the textarea.


text:
Since 1949, Missouri YMCA Youth In Government (YIG) has provided students with the opportunity to develop leadership skills and experience democracy. Based on the motto "Democracy Must Be Learned By Each Generation", YIG is a statewide educational program that involves over 700 Missouri youth each year in various programs. These include our Model Government Program (State Convention), Executive Branch Leadership Institute, YMCA Advocacy Day, and Conference on National Affairs.
Through Youth In Government, students are provided with an opportunity to engage in discussions and debates on many critical issues facing our state and society. They learn to respect other points of view, while at the same time advocating their position on an issue. They interact with fellow students from around the state, while also having invaluable contact with adult role models, leaders, and public policy makers.
For many, participation in YIG is an opportunity to develop as a leader. The program can help students make a career choice and approach this career with increased interest and confidence. Alumni of the program go on to do many great things in life. The most important thing is that they become active, engaged, and responsible citizens in the American democratic process.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


What is the advisement process?
How is admission to the program decided?
How to Apply
Is financial aid available?
Learn more at the Niagara University Financial Aid Office.
What are the field experiences for this program and how can I complete them "online"?
There are several courses where candidates are expected to work with students with exceptionalities. These experiences are intended to develop their abilities to apply the research and theory learned within coursework, as well as meet New York State certification requirements. Candidates in the online programs may complete field experiences in a school of their choice as long as the students they are working with meet the grade level expectations and have Individualized Educational Plans (IEPs). Candidates who need assistance arranging a school placement may wish to communicate with the course instructor or advisor for support. Candidates will need to document their field work following the guidelines of the instructor. At the conclusion of the program all candidates will complete the practicum of 100 hours of field work under the mentorship of a certified special education teacher and a Niagara University faculty member. Candidates may complete their field experiences in schools where they are employed as long as the documented hours are in the appropriate grade level and with direct support to students with exceptional learning needs.
What are the requirements for graduation?
How long will it take to complete the program of study?
Students can complete the master of science in education degree program in special education online in two years, or in as little as four consecutive semesters (summer/fall/spring/summer).


text: Ammonium ions wastewater pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The treatment of ammonium ions is a special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. In recent years, various methods for ammonium ion removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat ammonium ion wastewater and evaluates these techniques. These technologies include ion exchange, adsorption, biosorption, wet air oxidation, biofiltration, diffused aeration, nitrification and denitrification methods. About 75 published studies (_PHONE_) are reviewed in this paper. It is evident from the literature survey articles that ion exchange, adsorption and biological technology are the most frequently studied for the treatment of ammonium ion wastewater.


Honors Program
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I apply to the Honors Program?
Students are typically selected into the program as part of the admissions process. Selection is based on high school curriculum, rigor and GPA. The Office of Admissions will notify students of selection into the program. First-year students may be selected into the program over winter break based on their academic performance during their first semester.
I was accepted to Emmanuel College, but I'm not sure if I was accepted to the Honors Program. How can I find out?
You can contact the Office of Admissions at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
What are the benefits of the program?
The Honors Program offers you an exceptional educational experience. You will enjoy small, interactive classes with outstanding professors who are passionate about teaching talented students and value the close interactions they have with honors students. You will become a member of a community of highly-motivated students who wish to excel in reading and writing-intensive classes.
Honors classes fulfill general requirements and appear with the prefix HONOR on your transcript. Honors students have free access to engaging co-curricular events, such as theatre performances, the Boston Symphony and a trip to the United Nations in New York.
Other benefits include the opportunity to receive funding for travel, research and creative activities. You will also have the opportunity to work with professors on research projects and as instructional assistants. You will be able to take on leadership roles through peer mentoring and organizing co-curricular events.
Do honors students receive an additional scholarship?
Honors students do not receive an additional scholarship. The program offers a Research and Creative Activities Award for research and creative endeavors. Honors students compete for this award. Honors students have also been awarded prestigious scholarships and fellowships such as the Fulbright Fellowship.
Does the Honors Program have any special housing arrangements?
There are no special housing arrangements for honors students. Honors students become part of an active intellectual community by taking honors courses and participating in co-curricular events.
I am a transfer student. Can I apply to the Honors Program?
As a high-achieving student, you can apply by June 1 after your freshman year at Emmanuel with permission from your academic advisor and the Honors Program director.
I am a current student at Emmanuel. Can I take honors courses?
Yes, if you're a high-achieving student and there is space left in the honors class you're interested in. However, students currently in the program have priority access to honors courses. If you're a current student at Emmanuel and are interested in taking an honors class, please contact the program director, Dr. Katrin Križ at _EMAIL_ for further information.
Does tuition increase if I become part of the Honors Program?
No, tuition remains the same regardless of your participation in the program.
How many students are there in the program?
There are approximately 70 students in the program.
When do students typically start the program?
Students typically enter the program in their first or second semester at Emmanuel.
What are the program requirements?
To successfully complete the program, you are required to take five honors courses, one "Honors Experience" and achieve Distinction in the Field in your senior year. The Honors Experience can include a study abroad experience or the opportunity to work as a research assistant or as an instructional assistant with a professor. You are required to maintain a GPA of 3.3 to stay in the program.
Do I need to take any additional classes as an Honors student?
You do not need to take any additional classes, because all honors classes fulfill a General Academic Requirement. Your academic advisor and the Honors Program director will help you integrate your honors classes into your four-year academic plan.


Dmitry Piliugin
SQL Server 2016: Scalar UDF Estimation and Project Normalization
April 25, 2018 by
In this post, we will continue to look at the cardinality estimation changes in SQL Server 2016. This time we will talk about scalar UDF estimation. Scalar UDFs (sUDF) in SQL Server have quite bad performance and I encourage you try to avoid them in general, however, a lot of systems still use them.
Scalar UDF Estimation Change
I'll use Microsoft sample DB AdventureworksDW2016CTP3 and write the following simple scalar function, it always returns 1, regardless of the input parameter. I run my queries against Microsoft SQL Server 2016 (SP1) (KB3182545) – 13.0.4001.0 (X64)
Now let's run two queries, the first one under compatibility level (CL) of SQL Server 2014, the second one under CL 2016 and turn on actual execution plans:
We have got two plans and If we look at them we will see that they are of the same shape, however, if we look at the estimates, we will find some differences in the Filter operator.
You may notice that in the first case the estimate is 1 row, in the second case the estimate is 365 rows. Why they are different? The point is that MS has changed the estimation algorithm, i.e. the calculator for sUDF estimation.
In 2014 it was a CSelCalcPointPredsFreqBased, the calculator for point predicates based on a frequency (Cardinality*Density). DateKey is a PK and it is unique, the frequency is 1. If you multiply the number of rows 3652 by the all_density column (from the dbcc show_statistics(DimDate, PK_DimDate_DateKey) command) 0._PHONE_ you will get one row.
In 2016 the calculator is CSelCalcFixedFilter (0.1) which is a 10% guess of the table cardinality. Our table has 3652 rows and the 10% is 365, which we may observe in the plan.
This change is described here: FIX: Number of rows is underestimated for a query predicate that involves a scalar user-defined function in SQL Server 2014.
You may wonder, why 2014, if we are talking about 2016? The truth is, that the new Cardinality Estimator (CE) was introduced in 2014 and evolved in 2016, but all the latter fixes for the optimizer in 2014 (introduced by Cumulative Updates (CU) or Service Packs (SP)) are protected by TF 4199 as described here, in 2016 all these fixes are included so you don't need TF 4199 for them, but if have 2014 you should apply TF 4199 to see the described behavior.
Estimation Puzzle
Now, let's modify our queries and replace count with "select *". Then turn on the statistics IO, actual plans and run them again:
The results are:
Table 'DimDate'. Scan count 1, logical reads 7312
Table 'DimDate'. Scan count 1, logical reads 59
That's a great difference in the logical reads, and we may see why, if we look at the query plans:
If we remember, for the CE 120 it was a one row estimate, and in this case, server decided, that it is cheaper to use a non-clustered index and then make a lookup into clustered. Not very effective if we remember that our predicate returns all rows.
In CE 130 there was a 365 rows estimate, which is too expensive for key lookup and server decided to make a clustered index scan.
But, wait, what we see is that in the second plan the estimate is also 1 row!
That fact seemed to me very curious and that's why I'm writing this post. To find the answer, let's look in more deep details at how the optimization process goes.
Explanation
The optimization process is split by phases, before the actual search of the plan alternatives starts, there are a couple of preparation phases, one of them is Project Normalization. During that phase, the optimizer matches computed columns with their definition or deals with other relational projections in some way. For example, it may move a projection around the operator's tree if necessary.
We may see the trees before and after normalization and their cardinality information with a couple of undocumented TFs 8606 and 8612 applied together with a QUERYTRACEON hint, for instance.
For the 2014 CL the relational Select (LogOp_Select) cardinality (which represents a Filter operator in query plan) before project normalization is 1 row:
For 2016 CL, before project normalization, it is 365.2 rows:
Which is totally understandable, because we remember, that there is a cardinality estimation change to 10% guess for sUDFs in 2016 CL. However, this estimate is not what we see in the final query plan for the second query, we see 1 row there. Project Normalization is the place where this estimation is introduced.
If we examine the trees after project normalization, we see the following picture (the tree is the same for both queries):
You may notice a new Project operator, that converts our sUDF uf_simple to an expression Expr1001, projects it further to the tree upper node and over this projection, the relational Select should filter out the rows, i.e. we are now filtering on the expression, not on the sUDF directly.
The optimizer doesn't know the cardinality for that new Select operator and the estimation process starts. The thing is that filtering over such an expression is unchanged both under 2014 CL and 2016 CL– it still uses CSelCalcPointPredsFreqBased calculator and the result is the same – 1 row. We may see the result of this cardinality estimation of the tree after Project Normalization with a TF 2363. Both statistics trees for both queries have the same shape and estimate:
Then the optimization process starts to search different alternatives and stores them in a Memo structure, internal structure to store plan alternatives (I described it a couple of years ago in my Russian blog). For the CL 2016 – the sUDF estimation change of 10% guess plays its role during that search, the predicate is estimated as 365 rows and the plan shape with Clustered Index Scan is selected, however, this plan alternative goes to the Memo group which has the cardinality estimated to 1 row, during the very first Project Normalization phase. For the CL 2014 no surprise if the estimate both for sUDF and Predicate over expression – is 1 row, so the plan with lookup is selected.
You may observe different predicates in the query plans also. For the 2014 CL the predicate is inside the Filter.
For 2016 CL the sUDF is computed as a separate Compute Scalar and the Filter is on the Expr1001 predicate.
There is an undocumented TF 9259 to disable a project normalization phase, let's re-run our query with this TF.
The estimate is now 365.2 which is much more clearly explains, why a server decided to choose a Clustered Index Scan instead of Index Scan + Lookup.
Microsoft is aware of this situation and considers it to be normal, I would agree with them, but that one row estimate combined with Clustered Index Scan puzzled me and I decided to write about it.
Conclusion
In 2016 (as well as in 2014 + TF 4199 and latest SPs or CUs) there is a cardinality estimation change in sUDFs estimation – the old version uses the density from base statistics and the new version uses 10% guess. The estimation for the expression predicates over sUDFs are not changed. Sometimes you may see little artifacts of project normalization in a query plan, but that shouldn't be a problem.
Both of the estimations, in 2014 and 2016, are guesses, because sUDF is a black box for the optimizer (and also not good in many other ways), so avoid using it in general, especially in predicates.
Note
Please, don't use TF 9259 that disables Project Normalization step in a real production system, besides it is undocumented and unsupported, it may hurt your performance. Consider the following example with computed columns.
The query plans are Index Seek in the first case and Index Scan in the second one.
Thank you for reading!
References
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To view and analyze SQL Server query execution plans for free, check out ApexSQL Plan
Dmitry Piliugin
Dmitry Piliugin
Dmitry is a SQL Server enthusiast from Russia, Moscow. He started his journey to the world of SQL Server more than ten years ago. Most of the time he was involved as a developer of corporate information systems based on the SQL Server data platform.
Currently he works as a database developer lead, responsible for the development of production databases in a media research company. He is also an occasional speaker at various community events and tech conferences. His favorite topic to present is about the Query Processor and anything related to it. Dmitry is a Microsoft MVP for Data Platform since 2014.
View all posts by Dmitry Piliugin
Dmitry Piliugin
Query analysis
About Dmitry Piliugin
Dmitry is a SQL Server enthusiast from Russia, Moscow. He started his journey to the world of SQL Server more than ten years ago. Most of the time he was involved as a developer of corporate information systems based on the SQL Server data platform. Currently


text:
of Barcelona researchers have developed a system where virtual
characters can mimic actions carried out by the
new system measures human physiological parameters like heart rate,
respiration, and galvanic skin response through the use of wireless
devices and sensors. Then this information is processed with a
software program, and is ultimately used to control the behavior of
ultimate aim is to develop a method which allows humans to
unconsciously relate with some parts of the virtual environment more
intensely than with others, and that they are encouraged only by
their own physiological responses to the virtual
reality shown," said Christoph Groenegress, researcher
at the University of Barcelona and co-author of the study.
human physiological parameters direct certain movements and behaviors
in the virtual characters. For instance, respiration causes the
character's chest to rise and fall, heart rate causes movement in the
character's feet and galvanic skin response causes more or less of a
red color on the face.
system of recording unconscious processes can be used to help
participants become interested in carrying out certain tasks, such as
patients having to undergo
rehabilitation. Also, this system can be used to tell stories in
settings like video games.
maintain that the linking of subjective corporal states to a virtual
reality can improve the sensation of realism that a person has of
this reality and, eventually, create a stronger link between humans
and this virtual reality," said Groenegress.
study, titled "The
physiological mirror - a system for unconscious control of a virtual
environment through physiological activity," was
published in The


text:
The clusters may be created as a result of many different phenomena, though in the case of tourism destinations this is usually the concentration of natural or cultural heritage. However, it is interesting to see how some tourism clusters are created following a story very similar to that of industrial clusters. This is the case of Theme Park clusters.
Clusters are a key concept to design competitive destinations as to ensure their sustainable development. However, it is necessary to consider many factors to make the clustering strategy work, where cooperation between various agents is crucial.
Regardless of the destination's dimension, tourism planning should always consider its cluster structure: to what extent may the destination be split into areas according to distinct natural features or different types of business concentration?
Implementing new strategies is likely to require new resources, namely human resources. Further, it may be necessary to refine the strategy to convince and enforce some private stakeholders to cooperate with the destination development
Implementing the competitiveness programs entails setting clear and measurable key performance indicators for each program. They are to help us assessing the success of each program along the implementation process.
The Open innovation system is to be one of the main sources of ideas for product improvement and new product development. There are, however, many ways to canalize the creativity from the open innovation system


text:
This petition was submitted during the 2017–2019 Conservative government
Petition Increase school transport funding for 16 to 18 year olds in full time education.
In 2015 changes to the Education and Skills Act 2008 made it compulsory for young people to continue in education, employment or training until the age of 18. Therefore, school transport funding to local authorities should be increased to include 16-18 year olds that remain in full-time education.
Currently the eligibility for free school transport ceases at age 16. This is because the old school leaving age was 16. Now that the school leaving age has effectively been increased to 18, the eligibility for free school transport should also be increased and should include any young person remaining in full-time education be it at a school or college. The justification for free school transport for 4-16 year olds also stands for 17 to 18 year olds.
This petition closed early because of a General Election Find out more on the Petitions Committee website


text:
The Thanksgiving holiday is just a few days away, so will the weather allow you to get outside and throw the football around before gobbling up that turkey or will frigid conditions have you sidelined by the living room fireplace — watching football on the tube?
Last year, our Twin Cities Turkey Day was the fourth warmest on record with a high temperature was 59 degrees. The weather warmed our apple pies, in 1914 and 1922 with a tie for record warmest at 62 degrees.
Warmth, though, is not the long term trend for Thanksgiving as a high temperature of 50 degrees or warmer has occurred on only 10 times from 1872 to 2011.
In fact, below-zero lows are more common than 50-degree highs. According to the Minnesota Climatology Working Group, sub-zero readings have occurred 12 times in the past 140 years. Thanksgiving of 1985 is the most recent; at eight below zero.
And what are the chances of a white Thanksgiving? Measurable snow has fallen in the Twin Cities on 27 Turkey Days from 1884 to 2011; or about every five years. The last time you could stick a wish bone in the snow was Thanksgiving of 2007 with 0.20 inches of snow.
This year's holiday looks to feature atypically warm temperatures, puff-coat worthy cold, and even a few flakes — yes, all in the same day.
A powerful closed area of low pressure will drive into the region early Thanksgiving morning. A strong south-westerly flow ahead of the system will draw unseasonably warm air in across the state. Thus, one of the warmest Thanksgivings on record is again likely this year in the Twin Cities with highs in the mid- to upper-50s! The record high for Nov. 22 is 59 degrees!
Conversely, storming in on the back side of the system will be a big, cold, arctic air mass. This will commence in the early evening hours with temperatures to plummet, as quickly as our energy-levels after mounds of mashed potato consumption, Thanksgiving night.
So, attention all Black Friday shoppers! Prepare to bundle up as TC Metro temps are likely to fall into the 20s by midnight. We could even see some flurries flying into Friday morning with measurable snow possible across northern Minnesota.
Whatever the weather, have a safe and happy holiday.


WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2014
es•cape /ɪˈskeɪp/USA pronunciation v., -caped, -cap•ing,n., adj.
 1. [~ (+ from + object)] to slip or get away, as from confinement or jail:How did the mice escape from their cage?
 2. to avoid (capture, punishment, injury, or the like): [+ object]The town escaped the worst of the storm.[no object]managed to escape with only cuts and bruises.
 3. [no object] to issue from a confining enclosure, as a gas or liquid:Air escaped from the balloon.
 4. [+ object] to fail to remember or notice:His name escapes me at the moment.
 1. [countable] an act or instance of escaping.
 2. a way or means of escaping: [countable]We used the tunnel as an escape.[uncountable]The back door is your only means of escape.
 3. [countable] a way or means of avoiding reality:liked to read mystery stories as an escape.
adj. [before a noun]
 1. for or providing an escape:an escape hatch.
 2. being a key on a microcomputer keyboard, often used to return to a previous program screen:Hit the escape key.
 3. escape, elude, evade mean to keep free of something. To escape is to succeed in keeping away from danger, from being chased or observed, etc.:to escape punishment. To elude is to slip through an apparently tight net, thus avoiding, often by a narrow margin, whatever threatens; it implies using skill or cleverness to baffle or fool:The fox eluded the hounds by his clever twists and turns. To evade is to turn aside from or go out of reach of a person or thing, usually by using a trick to direct attention elsewhere:to evade the police.
Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers::
escape /ɪˈskeɪp/ vb
 1. to get away or break free from (confinements, captors, etc)
 2. to manage to avoid (imminent danger, punishment, evil, etc)
 3. (intransitive) usually followed by from: (of gases, liquids, etc) to issue gradually, as from a crack or fissure; seep; leak
 4. (transitive) to elude; be forgotten by: the actual figure escapes me
 5. (transitive) to be articulated inadvertently or involuntarily: a roar escaped his lips
 1. the act of escaping or state of having escaped
 2. avoidance of injury, harm, etc
 3. a means or way of escape
 4. (as modifier): an escape route
 5. a means of distraction or relief, esp from reality or boredom
 6. a gradual outflow; leakage; seepage
 7. Also called: escape valve, escape cock a valve that releases air, steam, etc, above a certain pressure; relief valve or safety valve
 8. a plant that was originally cultivated but is now growing wild
Etymology: 14th Century: from Old Northern French escaper, from Vulgar Latin excappāre (unattested) to escape (literally: to remove one's cloak, hence free oneself), from ex-1 + Late Latin cappa cloak
esˈcapable adj esˈcaper n
'escape' also found in these entries:
In the English description:
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Finding Out Connection Details (U)
The Status (U) command provides further information with regards to the DS. Specifically, when issued through the serial port, it returns two (or, optionally, three) parameters:
ddd.ddd.ddd.ddd Stands for the IP address the DS is currently communicating with (or has last communicated with, or will next communicate with)
ppppp Stands for the with which the DS is (has, will) communicating with.
[/iii.iii.iii.iii] If U is sent with the optional parameter 1 (U1 ), then the reply includes this argument, which stands for the IP address of the DS in the PPPoE link (if such a link is active).
In essence, this command allows you to see who the DS is communicating with, once you have used the Echo (X) command and have found out that a connection is established.


Instance Property
clearcoat
The intensity of a second specular highlight, similar to the gloss that results from a clear coat on an automotive finish.
Declaration
@property(nonatomic, readonly, retain) MDLMaterialProperty *clearcoat;
Discussion
The default value is zero—no second highlight.
See Also
Working with Shading Properties
subsurface
The degree to which light scatters under the surface of the material.
metallic
The degree to which the material appears as a dielectric surface (lower values) or as a metal (higher values).
specularAmount
The tendency of the material to generate specular highlights.
specularTint
The balance of color for specular highlights, between the light color (lower values) and the material's base color (at higher values).
roughness
The degree to which a material appears smooth, affecting both diffuse and specular response.
anisotropic
The degree to which specular highlights elongate in the direction of the local tangent basis.
anisotropicRotation
The angle at which anisotropic effects are rotated relative to the local tangent basis.
sheen
The intensity of highlights that appear only at glancing angles on a material's surface.
sheenTint
The balance of color for highlights that appear only at glancing angles, between the light color (lower values) and the material's base color (at higher values).
clearcoatGloss
The sharpness of a second specular highlight, similar to the gloss that results from a clear coat on an automotive finish.


There are a lot of confusing terms associated with the Uplands sewage separation project, but two of the most common acronyms that were tossed around were MSR and INI. In the hopes of lifting some of that confusion, a quick debrief:
INI or Inflow and infiltration. Essentially the water that leaks into the system from the cracks in the pipes, bad joints, manhole covers, etc. CRD has a good page on INI.
MSR or Municipal Sewage Regulation: The provincial law that governs sewage systems, both sanitary and storm. This is the law that is forcing Oak Bay to twin the Uplands sewer. The full regulations and FAQ are available online.


text:
Acute hepatitis panel
What is this panel?
Laboratory panels (a set of tests) are done for many reasons. Panels may be performed for routine health screenings or if a disease or toxicity is suspected. Panels may be used to determine if a medical condition is improving or worsening. Panels may also be used to measure the success or failure of a medication or treatment plan. Lab panels may be ordered for professional or legal reasons. Laboratory tests included in a panel may require one or more samples of different types. For example, both blood and urine samples may be needed. The samples may be taken at different times and using different methods. The following are tests that may be included in this panel:


text:
The findings of a study published in the Journal of Public Health Nutrition indicate that eating junk food on a regular basis can lead to regular feelings of depression.
Dig it: "People who often ate hamburgers, hot dogs, and pizza are 51 percent more likely to develop depression than those who rarely or never ate them."
Over a period of six months, scientists studied almost 9,000 folks who had never been diagnosed with depression. Serve up enough misery meals and watch that change.
After the six months were up 493 participants had been diagnosed with depression. Now, they'll regularly turn to junk food for fading glimmers of the happy lives they once led. Good job, science. Keep finding things out!
[via Telegraph UK]


text:
For the gate valve of the base plain steel, CoCrW cemented carbide, SF-4 (137) alloy, spray welding WF330 or Fe30 parts, the stress relief annealing heating temperature is selected according to the base material carbon steel, generally 600~650℃. The holding time depends on the effective thickness of the parts, generally 1h/25mm, at least 2h. After heat preservation, the furnace is cooled to 300 ℃ and then air-cooled.
Due to the different media suitable for carbon steel gate valves, different surfacing sealing surface materials can be selected. It is suitable for gate valves of water, steam, petroleum and its products. Generally, Cr13 stainless steel is surfacing, but there are also chrome-manganese alloys (85 alloys or 137 alloys), copper alloys and iron-based alloys in some factories.
Surfacing materials can be divided into two categories according to the effect of heat treatment. The first type is represented by cobalt-chromium-tungsten cemented carbide, whose hardness cannot generally be changed by heat treatment, and the hardness of the sealing surface is guaranteed by the surfacing material. The other type is represented by Cr13 stainless steel, whose hardness can be changed by heat treatment, and the hardness of the sealing surface (generally 38~44HRC) can be achieved by heat treatment.


Create workflow templates, deploy against any entity and manage tasks associated with that entity.
Advvy's Workflow Engine and Task Management solution supercharges new and existing D365 and PowerApps apps with task management capabilities. A major limitation of D365 is that an entity generally can only have 1 business process header, and that business process is generally linear.
Advvy's Workflow Engine enables users to define their own business process - that is a series of Stages, Tasks and Subtasks, and have this workflow template deployed against an entity upon create. Each task can be predefined to be for a User, a role, role speciality and tasks can block tasks and be blocked by tasks. The entity will then have a new Tab called Workflow, and this entity will allow the users of the application to manage the stages and tasks. Tasks can have conditions and dependencies, and can be a trigger for Flow in PowerAutomate. Business processes can be competed either linear or non-linear.


text:
It's been a long time since you have witnessed a real pink layer of ribs derived from the smoke ring. Now you are preparing for how to get a smoke ring in an electric smoker.
Remember, the smoke ring is not rocket science, rather it is a craft to keep your meat on the hot smoker and run the low and slow coverage.
If you want to see the bright red or pink mark under the skin of your meat, then make sure to read between the lines of this article. We will show you the knowledge of cooking science so the smoke ring will grow across the smoked meat.
Quick Tips: To get perfect smoke ring formation in an electric smoker, we recommend you add sodium nitrate or curing salt to make the ring.
Table of Contents
- What Is A Smoke Ring?
- How Is The Smoke Ring Formed Its Shape?
- What Helps To Create A Smoke Ring With An Electric Smoker?
- How To Get A Smoke Ring In An Electric Smoker [5 Definitive Ways]
- Best Fuels That Form Perfect Smoke Ring
- Can You Get A Smoke Ring With A Pellet Smoker?
- How To Get A Good Smoke Ring With A Pellet Smoker?
- Ideal Internal Temperature Range For Meat Or Other Foods?
- Wrapping UP
What Is A Smoke Ring?
If you have never come to know what exactly the smoke ring is, then we assume you are in a deep fascination with it. Because there is nothing related between the smoke and the ring.
Instead of that, a smoke ring means a red or pinkish badge of honor in the smoked meat that comes from both craft and science.
So, why are we so fascinated with the smoke ring?
Well, don't get it wrong if you will come to know that a smoke ring has nothing to do with the flavor of meat, rather it's all about color.
In a deeper sense, a smoky ring is evidence of slow cooking and the heck with the science is known by myoglobin in the meat. Get straight to the smoke ring, we get to see it is wonderfully placed under the outer skin of a piece of meat.
Over there, you will get to see the under-layer range would be between half of an inch and 1/8 of an inch.
How Is The Smoke Ring Formed Its Shape?
Myoglobin, the pinkish protein substance is the key to creating a smoke ring. But how does it form a more elaborate process? Aside from it, why do the colors differ when it comes to forming?
What the heck is with the spherical protein that lies in the muscle of the meat? So the different colors of it come from the different iron atoms it combines.
Before we talked about the Myowater level lies in the muscle. So here are the following iron atoms which determine the different colors:
- Animals that have been slaughtered recently (fresh meat) formed a purple color. The chemical reaction is called deoxymyoglobin.
- Meat that exposed to air forms cherry red due to the oxymyoglobin
- Extended air exposure helps to form a brown color called metmyoglobin.
What Helps To Create A Smoke Ring With An Electric Smoker?
What the heck is with the Myoglobin so you get to see the smoke ring? Well, in a deeper sense, the smoke ring interacts with the pinkish protein substance called Myoglobin.
This particle remains there in the form of gases which are named Nitric Oxide (NO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO).
Have you ever wondered to see the pink liquid while bringing fresh meat home?
Don't get it wrong to imagine it as blood rather than Myo-water. Well, Myowater is the formation of Myoglobin water. The birth of its origins from the cardiovascular system.
That being said, our bloodstream carries protein and finally reaches out to the muscle. The same goes for animals.
Finally, the stream produces Myoglobin so when an animal is slaughtered, the particles still remain there which we have said Myowater turns out Myoglobin.
Ironically, this chemical reaction allows the meat to become rusty in color as it contains the iron compound, which is responsible for such color. From one type of meat to another, the Myoglobin particles may rise and fall.
So you may see the lesser color with the ribs whereas beef comes with a smoky ring.
How To Get A Smoke Ring In An Electric Smoker [5 Definitive Ways]
The smoke ring comes through a natural process without additives. But how to get such a good smoke ring is the main thing to unravel.
Well, the authentic natural color tones come to us through some process while burning them. So let's figure it out below:
While toasting your ribs or any meat on your electric or gas grill, you must need moisture to a sufficient level. It determines and executes the great grilling at ease. Well, there is a logical breakthrough behind it no matter whether we ponder upon it or not.
In many parts of the country, we come to see people add vinegar in different flavors and different types of liquid. So why do they add it?
The simple answer is to get a good smoke ring. Let's say about the apple juice as we pour it over there because we want to see the brownish color out of ring smoke.
The fact is, the water evaporates gently from underneath the meat and boosts the condensation also ensuring the stickiness, and finally creates awesome smoke. The idea of smoke roasting also lies in a particular manner.
So most meat readily holds the meat and then continues with the dry surface (the more you will keep it on fire).
Here is why we put the pan over the meat and keep it for a while. Turns out the smoke will generate profusely and create the ring.
To understand how the smoke ring originates we need to unravel the cooking process. That being said, we need to figure out how moisture forms in the condensed order and eventually dissolves into it.
Moreover, through the diffusion process, the moisture reaches deep inside the cell, turns out it brings a different color like pinkish or reddish one.
2. Take Time While Cooking Low & Slow
Another heck with the smoke ring is not to cook too fast so the myoglobin process will begin to execute. So you need to let the smoke ring form underneath the flesh and blood of the meat surface.
In a deeper sense, the temperature should reach a gentle level and remain so.
A smart example would be the gas grill. Since the gas grill runs in fast fame, it can hardly manage to bring the smoke ring. Because it takes time to react to the Myoglobin chemical reaction.
Now let's come to the business when you want to see a smoke ring that you can do with the grill fame or the temperature.
No guesswork here rather you will need to keep the electric smoker lid shut off for at least 5 hours. Well, thanks for having an electric smoker since it brings only the finest smoke ring due to its low and slow running.
During the 5 hours of grilling, you need to expect the temperature would be around 200 degrees (F). For a pink smoke ring, more slow-burning will bring great results.
However, the red color underneath the skin will count as a smoke ring as well. Last but not the least, we surmise a good smoke ring takes place not before 4 hours of constant heating. So remember it.
3. Trimming FAT Precisely
The chemical compounds NO and CO (We explained them before) are the key components here. They actively help to bring the smoke ring.
These compounds go inside the underlying meat surface and take a position for a certain moment, turns out the smoke ring shows up.
The fat cap helps to keep them however, it has a threshold. Trim the excess amount of fat or getting rid of the fat cap to some extent seem good. Most grill masters trim the fat to some extent since it has many grilling benefits.
A distinctive good proof of it is to retain more moisture so the smoky ring comes to persist.
That being said, cutting off the fat to some extent allows the smoke ring to come in. Thinner trim is better since the fat is permeable so the smoke will vividly show up under the fat cap. To perform so, we will suggest you keep the trim not more than 1/4 inch.
4. Cooling The Meat Before Cooking
Before smoking your meat on the grill, allow it to be cool. Here you can keep the meat in your refrigerator.
Getting cool, the nitric oxide and carbon monoxide will concentrate in the meat, and thus it will form a pink color around the smoked meat even before the meat is heated and myoglobin is abolished.
5. Adding Sodium Nitrate Or Curing Salt (Cheat Method)
We know getting the perfect smoke ring formation is not possible every time. The low and slow temperature and other determiners fall under a big failure so what to do?
Well, you can trick here with the chemical. So, we recommend that adding sodium nitrate will be a game-changer. In other words, it is curing salt that you are adding.
Turns out, the smoking meat will appear with a pink color which is the output of a smoky ring. This method is also known as the cheat method.
Best Fuels That Form Perfect Smoke Ring
Top-quality charcoal is the best fuel to form a pink smoke ring in the meat. Here you should keep in mind that charcoal briquettes create more smoke rings than wood chunks. How?
Whereas charcoal briquets exhaust 100-200 ppm nitric oxide, lump charcoal produces 10-70 ppm nitric oxide in its exhaust. Here as you know nitric oxide plays the secret game to create


text:
The word envelope is derived from the French word enveloppe (from envelopper, which means to envelop).
There are a number of difficulties in spelling this tricky word. Native French speakers often struggle with envelope in English because it has one p rather than two. But even native English speakers can have trouble: namely, understanding when to use envelope and when to use envelop.
Envelope (with an e, pronounced Ehn-vuh-LOPE or Ahn-vuh-LOPE) is a noun meaning a wrapper or enclosure. When applied to aircraft or other technology, it means a set of accepted performance limits. This is where we get the phrase "pushing the envelope."
The explorers were excited when the new spacecraft was completed. They hoped to push the envelope of space exploration during their upcoming voyage.
Envelop (without the e, pronounced ehn-VEH-lup) is a verb meaning to completely enclose or surround something. Like many other verbs, -ed is added to the end when it is used in the past tense (enveloped).
The black velvet night enveloped the explorers' spacecraft as they sped away from the Earth to a faraway galaxy.
For several years, Earth heard nothing from the brave pioneers. The head of the Space Exploration Agency felt as if he were enveloped in despair. His daughter had insisted on joining the outbound team, and now she was lost to him. He wondered why he even bothered to come in to the office any more.
Then one day he walked in and discovered a strangely glowing envelope on his desk. He carefully opened it up and read the words, "We made it, Dad!"
There was a blaze of warm light, and he felt his daughter's arms envelop him in an enormous hug.
Bonus Word: Endeavour
Endeavour is another tricky word to spell.
Endeavour is also tricky because the ending is spelled -our in British English and -or in American English. Even NASA had trouble getting this one sorted out.
Which spelling do you prefer, endeavor or endeavour? And where will you go exploring today?
Picture of space shuttle Endeavour from NASA
Stay tuned for tomorrow's post, where I will flatten the formidable letter F…
© Sue Archer and Doorway Between Worlds, 2015


text:
Wilderness managers have traditionally managed wilderness lands based on the ecological and social content of wilderness areas. The authors propose a framework to systematically account for the biophysical, socioeconomic, and wildness characteristics of the broader landscape context. The method was applied to the proposed wilderness lands of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah. The results illustrate patterns of interdependencies across the landscape. Spatial data demonstrate links between the integrity of proposed wilderness lands and the management of adjacent land units, and links between the economic health of local communities and the management of proposed wilderness and adjacent federal lands.
Thomson, Janice L.; Hartley, Dawn A.; Aplet, Gregory H.; Morton, Peter A.; and USDA Forest Service Proceedings, "Assessing Interconnections Between Wilderness and Adjacent Lands: The Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah" (2000). All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository). Paper 456.


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Published Online: 15 JAN 2013
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Encyclopedia of Environmetrics
How to Cite
Barry, R. P. 2013. Nelder Plots . Encyclopedia of Environmetrics. 4.
- Published Online: 15 JAN 2013
A Nelder plot, also called a Nelder Wheel or Nelder Fan, is a systematic planting design in which plants or trees are planted at the intersection of circular arcs and linear spokes. In general, Nelder plots allow many different planting densities to be examined in a single plot. This is frequently more efficient than planting a different plot for each planting density. Nelder plots can be constructed that allow the effect of different planting geometries to be examined in a single plot. This article discusses the construction of Nelder plots and the analysis of data derived from Nelder plots.


×
Embedded surfaces in 4-manifolds. (English) Zbl 0746.53041
Proc. Int. Congr. Math., Kyoto/Japan 1990, Vol. I, 529-539 (1991).
[For the entire collection see Zbl 0741.00019.]
The purpose of the article is to outline a "proof" of the following conjecture due to J. W. Morgan: If \(X\) is a simply-connected, oriented 4- manifold for which Donaldson's polynomial invariants are defined and non- zero, and if \(\Sigma\) is a smoothly embedded, oriented 2-manifold with positive self-intersection, then the genus \(g\) of \(\Sigma\) satisfies \(2g- 2\geq \Sigma\cdot\Sigma\). The conjecture is known to hold for \(g=0\) or \(=1\). The author's argument uses gauge theory, but with a modification; he considers connections in some auxiliary \(SU(2)\) or \(SO(3)\) bundle over \(X\backslash \Sigma\), which have non-trivial holonomy around the small linking circles of \(\Sigma\). As for "branched instantons" some essential facts are missing, the author has to fill the gap by two other conjectures.
MSC:
53C40 Global submanifolds
53C07 Special connections and metrics on vector bundles (Hermite-Einstein, Yang-Mills)
Citations:
Zbl 0741.00019
PDF BibTeX XML Cite


text:
Stepcraft 2 Assembly Manual - SC2-01
Before you Begin
Stepcraft produced a series of videos that go along with certain assembly steps in the manual to help better explain these steps, thus making assembly easier.
Parts Layout and Inventory
Before You Begin: Parts Layout and Inventory
Before you begin assembly of a STEPCRAFT CNC, we recommend that you inventory all the parts and lay them out on your work area to ensure that you are not missing anything. This will make the assembly go much smoother with less chance of errors.


What Makes Fog?
What Makes Fog?
SEATTLE - There are two main types of fog, and the Northwest gets both varieties.
Ground fog usually begins on clear nights. As the temperature drops, the air cools to where it becomes totally saturated. The air condenses into water droplets, which we see as fog.
Advection fog is created from a warm air mass that moves over a colder area. This is common here in spring and summer. Over on the coast, warm air reacts with cooler air near the ocean water. It then cools and condenses, creating fog. It's a near-daily occurrence on the coast, but that fog can get carried into the Puget Sound region by the overnight marine winds, allowing our days start with fog or a low overcast.
For More Information:
KOMO Weather FAQ


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The Integrated Sample Survey Scheme was introduced in the state veterinary department of Assam in 1968-69 along with the state veterinary department of the other states of India for ascertain uniform pattern in the estimation of milk, egg and meat and livestock keeping practices in the state. This has been an essential survey to estimate the quantum of livestock products produced by the state annually and most importantly the extent of contribution being made by the livestock sector to the state domestic products and for the preparation of future plans of the department.
Coverage and period of the survey: The Integrated Sample Survey is carried out in the entire state covering 26 numbers of districts both in rural and urban areas. The entire survey is carried out in three seasons of the year to study the fluctuations of livestock products. Each of the seasons consists of four months. The periods of the seasons are as follows:
Whom to Contact
|Write up on ISS||14.49 KB|
|ISS Report||15.25 KB|


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Line Graphs and Parallel Processing in R
A few months ago I came across one of the most beautiful visualizations I have ever seen: James Cheshire's Population Lines Print. What I love about it is that, in the absence of any traditional map features, the outlines of countries and continents are immediately apparent. And as long as you are familiar with what the land masses of the globe look like, you know exactly what the plot is without even needing to be told. Another interesting feature is that the peaks also give information about both the population and and the density: the area under the graph represents the total population, while the higher the peak, the more dense it is. (Hence the huge peak of Tokyo, and the low, wide peak of Mexico City.)
When I first saw the post, I went to this blog to see how he pulled it off. Unfortunately, there weren't any details. So, I had to figure it out myself.
Well, I think I got it! I'll show you a few of the plots first, and then describe the process below.
Using the same NASA SEDAC data that James used, here is the plot, produced entirely using R (click for higher resolution):
And, for my fellow New Brunswickers, here's the same dataset of NB properties I plotted a while ago, plotted again using a line graph:
And finally, here is the property value data from my last post for Fredericton. Note that, as mentioned above, unless you're familiar with the geography of the area, it may not be directly apparent what you're looking at here. For those that are, you can immediately spot the river flowing through the middle of town with the tributaries flowing in:
These maps aren't the most practical ways of plotting data into a third dimension since you can't really 'dive deeper' into them to get more detail, but they are certainly one of the most beautiful I've seen.
So, how was it done?
EDIT: I've updated the below instructions since this was originally published to provide an alternative to using QGIS (thanks _USER_ for pointing out I could do this in R itself). I also improved the performance about 3x by replacing my data frames with data tables.
Well, like everything else I do on here, I wanted to accomplish this using only freely available software. In this case, I used a combination of R, QGIS and Libre Office (the latter two being optional). The work was divided into three main pieces:
- Extract the data from NASA's data set.
- Crunch the data to prepare it for plotting.
- Actually do the plotting.
All the code for processing and plotting is available here: GeospatialLineGraphs.
Extracting the Data
James originally used NASA's population density data from the year 2000. Though the outcome should be the same, I decided to use the raw population data available here. On that page, go to download, select the format as ".ascii", the resolution as 1/2°, and the year as 2000.
Once you've downloaded it, you can do either of the following to get the data into a workable form:
- Put the file glp00ag30.asc into a folder called DataSets in your working directory
- Run this part of the R script which uses the 'raster' package to turn it into a set of points. The rest of the script is described in the next section.
- Import the data into QGIS
- Go to Raster > Conversion > Polygonize (Raster to Vector), and check the "Add to map" box
- Select that layer, and go to Vector > Geometry Tools > Polygon Centroids and follow the menu items, making sure to check "Add result to canvas". This will generate another layer with point data from your polygon data.
- Right click the points layer, and save it as a CSV file. It should automatically export the X & Y coordinates.
- Finally, load the data with this part of the script and make sure to comment out the part above that uses the 'raster' function mentioned above.
There, you data is ready to be crunched.
Processing the Data to be Plotted
Next, you have to take this data and turn it into something that can be plotted. The code to do this is available here: Geospatial Line Graphs - Generate Data.
The basic idea behind what this does is this:
- First, find the boundaries of the plot to know the start and end latitude and longitudes you want to plot over.
- Using the start and end latitudes, create 200 evenly spaces points of latitude - one for each line that will be plotted.
- For each point of latitude, draw a square with sides equal to the gaps between the points of latitude. Calculate the total of whatever data you're interested in inside that square.
- Move the square over an amount of longitude equal to the width of the square, and repeat the above calculation.
- Do this until you've calculated everything, and output it all to a CSV file.
Now, when you're dealing with 500,000+ pieces of data, this can take a while if you're not taking advantage of your hardware's capabilities. In the case of the NB data, it originally took 2 hours to crunch on my 2.3 GHz i7, which has 4 cores (8 virtual), but only one was being used.
Luckily, R now has the ability to do parallel processing to take full advantage of multi-core CPUs. Marcus over at R-bloggers has a great tutorial on how to do this in R if you want to have a look. Furthermore, using data tables instead of data frames can also improve performance by, in my experience, about a factor of 3 for this computation. Using both of these together got the time to process from 2 hours to about 2 minutes for both the NB and world population data set.
Plotting the Data
To plot the data, I wrote this script which does the following:
- Load the data you want to plot, and pad the top and bottom to give it a border (padding the left and right is most easily done in a spreadsheet by adding rows of 0's to the top and bottom).
- Find the maximum value in all of the data, and select a factor that will be used to scale the line heights to fit the plot (this is done through trial and error).
- Starting at the top, grab a row's data, smooth it with a spline, and plot a white polygon at the appropriate height.
- Outline the top of the polygon with a gray line.
- Plot black line segments over the gray line if the values are over a certain threshold.
- Repeat for the rest of the rows, moving down the plot area as you go so that the lower polygons overlap the upper ones.
There you have it - that's all there is to these beautiful line plots. If you love the world map, go buy it from James here to support the work he does: Population Lines. And as always, if you have any questions, ask away below or send me an e-mail.
Like this? Then tweet it! Oh, and follow me too.


Factors affecting flowering
Whether a plant is cultivated for its flowers or its fruit, flowering is important to cultivators. Remember that all fruits start as a flower and to be more specific, a fruit is a part of the flower that holds the seeds. So basically, the more flowers that exist, the more the fruits will grow. Farmers and gardeners want to know the factors that affect flowering time and the flowering rate.
By learning about such factors, they can make necessary actions to increase their production.
 Project description:
In this project you will investigate the effect of one specific factor on flowering of one specific plant. You have many choices while selecting the specific plant and the specific factor that you want to study. In this project you will perform a plant growth experiment and record the plant's flowering related data.
 Details of this project:
More details or support on this project is available for the members of ScienceProject.com. Material needed for experiment (seeds, soil, pots,...) may be found at home or obtained locally.


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First Church is home of the beautiful "Resurrection Window" by the artist, John LaFarge. Fashioned of opalescent glass, this window is well known far a field for its special beauty. The apse was designed by the artist's son to complement the window.
The 1866 James E. Treat (opus 1) pipe organ was built for E. Searle's Great Barrington, MA residence and relocated to the church in 1924. The case and console are constructed of solid, carved English oak. The organ contains 40 ranks of pipes distributed over three manuals (keyboards) and pedal.
Our Parish House, erected by the parishioners grateful of their heritage, was dedicated on May 24, 1964. This building is the scene of great activity for both church and community.
First Church, because of it's historical significance and unique gothic architecture, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
First Church is home to The Chapel School, a non-denominational preschool.
Enter to Worship – Depart to Serve


text:
Freetown is the capital city of Sierra Leone. The land
of Mountain, Mangrove, forests and plateau, Sierra Leone got its name in 1462
from a Portuguese sailor, who called it 'Sierra Lyoa' or the Lion Mountains.
The country is located on the Western part of
Africa surrounded by the African nations of Guinea and Liberia and the Atlantic
The largest and the most important city of Sierra
Leone is the capital city of Freetown. Apart from this, the other major cities
of Sierra Leone are: Koidu (Sefadu); Bo; Kenema and Makeni.


text:
Find a word
Dictionary definition for:
1. (n) an administrative unit of government; "the Central Intelligence Agency" "the Census Bureau" "Office of Management and Budget" "Tennessee Valley Authority"
2. (n) a business that serves other businesses
3. (n) the state of being in action or exerting power; "the agency of providence" "she has free agency"
4. (n) the state of serving as an official and authorized delegate or agent
5. (n) how a result is obtained or an end is achieved; "a means of control" "an example is the best agency of instruction" "the true way to success"
WordNet 2.1 Copyright Princeton University. All rights reserved.


Conversational Components
The idea behind Conversational Components is to provide solutions for recurring problems you might encounter while creating voice apps.
They are pre-built npm packages containing the necessary language model, handler (logic) and i18n (cms) files, which you utilize by delegating the task to the component.
Component Structure
Each component has the following structure:
The models folder contains the language model, the src folder contains the logic and the i18n folder contains the components responses.
The component's handler contains the states/intents to fulfill the incoming request. It has to have a START intent which is the entry point for the component.
Every component has its own default configuration, which can be overwritten by the developer.
They provide you with a way to customize them without having to go through the handler and modifying stuff there. The possible options should be documented in each component's own README file.
The i18n folder contains the component's responses. Again, it's a way for the developer to customize the component, without having to dig through the handler.
The sample dialogs in the component's README file, should give you the necessary information you need to make changes to the responses.
For now, i18n is the only supported CMS, with other external ones planned.
The index.ts file at the root is the entry point of each component. It exports a class which contains references to the handler and config object as well as the path to the i18n folder. The component's handler has to be nested inside a state named after the component itself to prevent intents from being overwritten. It also has a name property which has to be the same as the package name.
Name Description Value Required
name Name of your component. Has to be the same as the package name string Yes
handler Contains the logic of your component, i.e. states & intents object Yes
config Contains the default configuration object Yes
pathToI18n Specifies the path to your i18n folder containing the responses used in your component string Yes
That's the basic structure of a component.
Using Conversational Components
Learn how to integrate existing Conversational Components into your Jovo project here.
Developing Conversational Components
Learn how to develop your own Conversational Components here.
Comments and Questions
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6 months ago
Read Data From Serial Port In Matlab
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Read Data From Serial Port In Matlab
Reading from serial port.This MATLAB function and A = fread(obj,size) read binary data from the device connected to the serial port object, obj, and returns the data to A.How to read it data from USB port by using matlab? . ethernet than a serial port, .How can I communicate from Arduino to MATLAB. . It is from Writing and Reading Data (MATLAB/ Data and File Management/ Serial Port Devices).Hi I've been trying to configure a 3axis accelerometer using Matlab. I'm able to read data on it using Hyper terminal but on Matlab the data I read gives me jibberish.I have developed an application to read data from SerialPort in C# Read serial port data in matlab. Its working fine. But the data read from SerialPort is different .You can read/write on the same COM port. The trick to checking whether data is being sent or received by the serial port and your device is to use some sort of serial .Before you can read data from the device, it must be connected to obj with the fopen function. A connected serial port object has a Status property value of open.Hello, I'm trying to read data off an IMU device connected through a serial port to matlab. I know that each line of new data starts with the header 'AA 55', and has .While the serial port object is connected to the device, you can record information, such as number of values, data, and event information, to a disk file. Save and Load You can save and load serial port objects.I have tried to read data from a serial port in matlab using the fscanf command.This MATLAB function and A = fread(obj,size) read binary data from the device connected to the serial port object, obj, and returns the data to A.I have a CyberGlove connected to Matlab via serial port. I am trying to write a command requesting a data sample, and then reading the sample back. I have .Before you can read data from the device, it must be connected to obj with the fopen function. A connected serial port object has a Status property value of open.how to read steaming data from a serial port?.This MATLAB function reads ASCII data from the device connected to the serial port object, obj, and returns it to A.How to read it data from USB port by using matlab? Subject: How to read it data from USB port by using matlab? From: . ethernet than a serial port, .Parsing data from serial port.Serial Port Devices Read data from serial port in matlab. . . . (serial) Read binary data from device: fscanf Read data from serial port in matlab. . . Load serial .Hello, I'm trying to read data off an IMU device connected through a serial port to matlab. I know that each line of new data starts with the header 'AA 55', and has .I have developed an application to read data from SerialPort in C# Read serial port data in matlab. Its working fine. But the data read from SerialPort is different .How to continuously read from the serial port in Matlab? Ask Question. up vote 2 down vote favorite. . How do I format this data read from a serial port in MATLAB? 93.Using the Serial Port with a MATLAB GUI . last memory read. This data is queued in the bu er and will remain there until the .Some help writing a s-function to read data from serial port. . Browse other questions tagged matlab serial-port simulink s-function or . Qt Serial Port - Reading .Hi All Matlabers, I need your advice and opinions. How can I read data from the serial port? and if my serial port is connected to nothing , how.How to continuously read from the serial port in Matlab? Ask Question. up vote 2 down vote favorite. . How do I format this data read from a serial port in MATLAB? 93.Write and read data Configure the scope to transfer the screen display as a bitmap. fprintf(s,'HARDCOPY:PORT RS232') fprintf(s,'HARDCOPY:FORMAT BMP') fprintf(s,'HARDCOPY START') Wait until all the data is sent to the input buffer, and then transfer the data to the MATLAB workspace as unsigned 8-bit integers.I'm doing project using 8051 microprocessor.I want to know command in matlab to receive binary data from serial port (DB9)and show it in matlab.Pleasse help me.Mar 20, 2012 hii donagh . actually i have to send microcontrollers internal ADC read data to the matlab continuously with the serial port.Hello, I would like to make a program that reads from a serial port continuously and writes the data it takes to a file, i tried scanf, but it gets the character and .serial port reading. Learn more about ascii data reading from serial port.Hi All Matlabers, I need your advice and opinions. How can I read data from the serial port? and if my serial port is connected to nothing , how.In this tutorial I will show you how to communicate matlab with arduino through the serial port. With what youll learn here you will be able to send data from your . ccb82a64f7
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WebUpd8 Reader Jim Bauwens sent us a small but very interesting script. The script uses NotifyOSD and displays a message (see the screenshot) when someone logs in to your computer (remotely or local), or when a terminal session is started.
The script can also notify you by email using sendmail. You'll of course need to set that up but we have a post on that - for using it with Gmail (it's quite easy - just make sure you create a new Gmail address just for this task because the password will be saved in plain text): Use Gmail To Send Emails From A Terminal (Shell)
Using the script
1. Install libnotify-bin:
sudo apt-get install libnotify-bin
2. Download the script and then make it executable by right clicking it, then go to the "Permissions" tab and check the "Allow executing file as program" box.
3. Add the script to your startup applications: go to System > Preferences > Startup Applications, click "Add", then browse for the script and give it a name. That's it!
4. Optional: If you want to be notified by email (make sure you set that up first - read the beginning of the post), you'll need to edit this part of the script:
and set the variable "mail" to "1" and "mailto" to your email adress.
Credits for the script (and many thanks!): Jim Bauwens


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Seeds of two halophytes, Atriplex triangularis, which grows in a mesic saline marsh environment, and Atriplex confertifolia, which grows in a xeric desert environment, were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis for the distribution of elements. The highest concentration of sodium, chlorine, potassium, and calcium was present in seed coats of A. triangularis. All of the elements detected were at low concentrations in the endosperm. Embryos contained the highest amount of phosphorus that is probably associated with organophosphate compounds. Potassium was also high in embryos. The total amount of elements in all regions of A. confertifolia was low as compared to A. triangularis. In a similar pattern sodium, chlorine, potassium, and calcium were the highest in seed coats of A. confertifolia. Elemental concentration was also low in the endosperm. Likewise, the phosphorus level was the highest in the embryo. The results support the concept of elemental compartmentalization in seeds of these halophytes.
Khan, M. A.; Weber, D. J.; and Hess, W. M.
"Elemental compartmentalization in seeds of Atriplex triangularis and Atriplex confertifolia,"
Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 47:
1, Article 7.
Available at: _URL_