Describe the presentation, biological, psychological and social aspects of the chosen case
Task:
The student is required to present a case study and undertake a critical analysis of the chosen care.
You are required to:
Select a patient with CKD or ESCKD and address the following points for the chosen case:
Describe the presentation, biological, psychological and social aspects of the chosen case; (approx. 500 words)
Review current evidence in relation to the incidence and prevalence of CKD or ESCKD in both indigenous and non-indigenous Australians; (approx. 500 words)
Describe the anatomy and physiology of the chosen case's primary renal condition; (approx. 500 words) and
Critically evaluate the nursing treatments/interventions provided over a one week period (i.e. if the person is on haemodialysis than you are required to follow the person over 3 HD treatments). This section is to include the nursing responsibilities in relation to observations, monitoring and measuring the patient's response to nursing, medical and pharmacological interventions (this section is to be written in essay format and NOT as a table) (approx. 1500 words).
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text:
Title: Multiobjective hybrid genetic algorithm for quay crane scheduling in berth allocation planning
Authors: Chengji Liang, Lin Lin, Jungbok Jo
Addresses: Logistics Research Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200135, PR China. ' Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan. ' Department of Computer Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan 716 617, Korea
Abstract: With the development of the global business and logistics under the internet environment a Container Terminal (CT) system becomes more and more busy. Therefore, the available resources in the seaport get scarcer than before. In order to increase the operating efficiency of CT system, the resources planning problem has become a critical issue in the fields of operations research and logistics. In this paper, we introduce the Berth Allocation Planning (BAP) problem and formulate a multiobjective mathematical model considering each berth for container ship with different number of Quay Cranes (QCs) and balance of QC|s workload. In order to solve this QC scheduling in BAP problem, we propose a multiobjective hybrid Genetic Algorithm (mohGA) approach with a priority-based encoding method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed mohGA approach, numerical experiment is carried out and the best solution to the problem is obtained.
Keywords: port management; container terminals; berth allocation planning; quay cranes; workload balance; multiobjective mathematical modelling; multiobjective hybrid GAs; genetic algorithms; quay crane scheduling.
International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, 2009 Vol.16 No.1/2, pp.127 - 146
Published online: 30 Nov 2008 *Full-text access for editors Access for subscribers Purchase this article Comment on this article

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Chocolate and Maple Syrup
Every day we use many things that come from trees. Fruits and nuts like apples, peaches, plums, cherries and almonds all come from living trees, as does the cocoa bean that makes chocolate! Living trees also provide spices like cinnamon, nutmeg and black pepper, and the sap from the maple tree makes maple syrup!
Many medicines also come from trees and other plants. As a matter of fact, aspirin comes from the bark of a willow tree. Scientists are still searching for new medicines in trees, which is another reason why it's so important to protect our forests. They could provide us a cure for cancer!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Table of contentsNo headers
Toposurface subregions are areas that you sketch inside existing toposurfaces. For example, you can use subregions to draw parking lots on a graded surface, roads, or islands. Creating a subregion does not result in separate surfaces. It merely defines an area of the surface where you can apply a different set of properties, such as material.
To create a subregion
- Open a site plan that displays a toposurface.
- Click Site tabModel Site panel (Subregion).
Revit LT enters sketch mode.
- Click (Pick Lines) or use other sketch tools to create a subregion on the toposurface.
To modify subregion boundaries
- Select the subregion.
- Click Modify | Topography tab Subregion panel (Edit Boundary).
- Click (Pick Lines) or use other sketch tools to modify the subregion on the toposurface.
The following image shows a toposurface that has a subregion, shown in gray.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Bottom Camera Position
Now that we know the offset from the top camera to the nozzle, we can use the nozzle to set our bottom camera position.
 1. Navigate to Machine Setup > Cameras > OpenPnpCaptureCamera Bottom. Select the bottom camera
 2. Click on the Position tab. Select the position tab
 3. Home your LumenPnP. Home the machine
 4. Select the Nozzle: N1 from the machine controls dropdown. Select nozzle from machine control dropdown
 5. Click the "Position tool over location" button to bring the left nozzle roughly above the bottom camera. Position the toolhead over the bottom camera
 6. Jog the toolhead until the left nozzle is directly in the center of the bottom camera's vision. Position the toolhead over the bottom camera precisely
 7. Click the "Capture Toolhead Location" button to calculate the correct position for the bottom camera. Make sure your Z height is at 31.5. If it isn't, manually enter 31.5 into the Z field. Store the camera location
 8. Click the Apply button to save the new camera position. Save the camera location
Next Steps
Next is Nozzle Tip Calibration.


Example sentences for: sputum
How can you use "sputum" in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
 - Some markers, such as sputum cytology, inherently involve ordered categories, such as no evidence of cancer, slight atypia, moderate atypia, severe atypia, and frank cancer.
 - Assays of 30 randomly chosen clinical isolates from the middle ear of children with otitis media and from the sputum of adults with COPD show that isolates of nontypeable H. influenzae demonstrate striking differences in their propensity to grow as biofilms in vitro.
 - For all patients blood, urine, stool and sputum samples were collected.
 - M. tuberculosis was detected in different samples of body fluids as well: in sputum, urine, stool samples, and in ascitic fluid (Table 2).
 - P carinii, mycobacterial, fungal, and viral pulmonary infections were diagnosed by identifying the organisms in stains or cultures of sputum, bronchial washing, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and lung tissue.
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text:
Spin and Gradient Echoes
This unit discusses the basic concept of an echo. The phase of the spins plays the fundamental role in this process. A general description as to how an echo occurs is followed by a discussion on both spin echoes and gradient echoes.
|Haacke, E.M., Brown, R.W., Thompson, M.R., and Venkatesan, R. 1999. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design. John Wiley & Sons, New York.|
This book covers the technical discussion here as well as other advanced materials in detail.
|Hahn, E.L. 1950. Spin echoes. Phys. Rev. 80:580.|
This paper introduces the fundamental concepts of spin echo.


text:
ypical model of pattern formation with three colors. They make a Polish flag (two colors) that is stable for more than 15 hours, but then a parasite emerges and consumes all of the resources very fast; they tried to push the parasite back but it's another story. I didn't understand how making a French flag reproduces an embryo.
Bo. Interesting observation: having a time-scale separation is a problem for simulations, because you need to wait a lot of fast events before doing a slow one. If you manage to coarse-grain the fast one then you can simulate more effectively. The question is: given a network with randomly chosen fast and slow rates, we want a criterion for whether we can do a fast-slow separation (I should really consider the fate of my marginal FR when you have a fast-slow time separation between the observable and the unobservable state spaces; discuss this with Gianmaria). (Another idea for coarse-graining is to consider the eigenvector associated to the dominant eigenvalue: if it is well localized, then one can coarse grain on the localized subspaces.) Bo: if the fast rates are strongly connected, then there is no hope to coarse grain. Otherwise, identify the blocks and coarse grain them. Example: Stochastic Michaelis-Menten with quasi-equilibrium or the slow complex formation hypothesis. (Would be nice to have a result for how the eigenvector behaves).
Skupin. Microscopic dynamics of a mitochondrion [Pietrobon 1985].


Machine-generated speech transcriptions are helpful for people that are hard of hearing or individuals who don't understand the spoken language to understand conversations that take place near them. Augmented reality glasses can display speech transcriptions to help users understand such conversations. However, the display of transcriptions can be distracting when the user wearing the AR glasses is herself speaking. This disclosure describes techniques to automatically identify speakers in a conversation and only display live transcriptions of speech from conversation participants other than the person to whom the transcription is being provided. Speakers may be identified using user-permitted factors, e.g., by use of a head-related transfer function (HRTF), biometric voice recognition, or facial feature (e.g., lip movement) recognition.
Creative Commons License
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


text:
Two brothers explore the mysteries of the ages, the ancients, and the modern day
This is the May 6th conference call for Grimerica's Contact at the Cabin event. All the Randall you can handle!
CLICK TO PLAY CAC Conference 5-6
Hi guys! Last time you talked with Randall about the Moon and he mentioned that it has non-uniform density. This stimulated me to think about it, and I have a theory that maybe the Moon is like a vessel with a very hard, solid surface but inside there may be molten metal or even water. However, it is not fully "filled in" and there is hollow space. I theorize that our Earth attracts this liquid and more of it is gathered on the side facing our planet, while leaving some void on the other side. This makes the mass distribution on the Moon uneven, and maybe because of that the Moon stays somehow fixed with the same side facing the Earth. Please can you ask Randall what he thinks about it? Kind regards from Poland,Wojciech (good luck in pronouncing my name ;))
You've got questions? We've got more questions.


text:
Grapho originates from a work by Inna Kochkina that researches writing methods through the relation of the body and the inking roll. The term 'Grapho' means to write, with reference to the form of the letters; to form letters on material. Kochkina challenged her handwriting by making large-scale letters with the inking roll. The process developed into questioning possible and comfortable movements of her hand and her body. Connecting strokes with one another, was the main focus of her investigation. The curves in the letters are the result of a continuous movement. Once Inna Kochkina decided to turn letters into the digital font new questions appeared. How to translate the beauty of analog forms and textures into a digital font? Leaving the textures to their analog origin she decided to focus on the monotone's complexity that allows forming letters into irregular connections and line continuance. This can be typeset through the font's OpenType features. Grapho is intended to be used for both digital and print media, allowing users to explore various possibilities. In addition to the typeface, Grapho also includes a variety of alternate characters, and ligatures—as well as analog letters that can be provided upon request.
DESIGNER: INNA KOCHKINA


RepLib-0.5.2.1: Generic programming library with representation types
Portabilitynon-portable
Stabilityexperimental
_EMAIL_
Safe HaskellNone
Generics.RepLib.Lib
Contents
Description
A library of type-indexed functions
Synopsis
Available for all representable types
subtrees :: forall a. Rep a => a -> [a]Source
Produce all children of a datastructure with the same type. Note that subtrees is available for all representable types. For those that are not recursive datatypes, subtrees will always return the empty list. But, these trivial instances are convenient to have for the Shrink operation below.
deepSeq :: Rep a => a -> b -> bSource
Recursively force the evaluation of the first argument. For example, deepSeq ( x , y ) z where x = ... y = ... will evaluate both x and y then return z
rnf :: Rep a => a -> aSource
Force the evaluation of *datatypes* to their normal forms. Other types are left alone and not forced.
Specializable type-indexed functions
class Rep1 GSumD a => GSum a whereSource
Add together all of the Ints in a datastructure For example: gsum ( 1 , True, (a, Maybe 3, []) , Nothing) 4
Methods
gsum :: a -> IntSource
Instances
GSum Bool
GSum Char
GSum Double
GSum Float
GSum Int
GSum Integer
GSum ()
GSum a => GSum [a]
GSum a => GSum (Set a)
(GSum a, GSum b) => GSum (a, b)
(Rep k, GSum a) => GSum (Map k a)
class Rep1 ZeroD a => Zero a whereSource
Create a zero element of a type ( zero :: ((Int, Maybe Int), Float)) ((0, Nothing), 0.0)
Methods
zero :: aSource
Instances
Zero Bool
Zero Char
Zero Double
Zero Float
Zero Int
Zero Integer
Zero ()
Zero IOError
Zero a => Zero [a]
Rep a => Zero (Set a)
(Zero a, Zero b) => Zero (a -> b)
(Zero a, Zero b) => Zero (a, b)
(Rep k, Rep a) => Zero (Map k a)
class Rep1 GenerateD a => Generate a whereSource
Generate elements of a type up to a certain depth
Methods
generate :: Int -> [a]Source
class Rep1 EnumerateD a => Enumerate a whereSource
enumerate the elements of a type, in DFS order.
Methods
enumerate :: [a]Source
class Rep1 ShrinkD a => Shrink a whereSource
Given an element, return smaller elements of the same type for example, to automatically find small counterexamples when testing
Methods
shrink :: a -> [a]Source
Instances
Shrink Char
Shrink Int
Shrink ()
Shrink a => Shrink [a]
(Ord a, Shrink a) => Shrink (Set a)
(Shrink a, Shrink b) => Shrink (a, b)
(Ord k, Shrink k, Shrink a) => Shrink (Map k a)
class Rep1 (LreduceD b) a => Lreduce b a whereSource
A general version of fold left, use for Fold class below
Methods
lreduce :: b -> a -> bSource
Instances
Lreduce b Bool
Lreduce b Char
Lreduce b ()
Lreduce b Int
(Ord a, Lreduce b a) => Lreduce b (Set a)
Lreduce c a => Lreduce c [a]
(Lreduce c a, Lreduce c b) => Lreduce c (a, b)
class Rep1 (RreduceD b) a => Rreduce b a whereSource
A general version of fold right, use for Fold class below
Methods
rreduce :: a -> b -> bSource
Instances
Rreduce b Bool
Rreduce b Char
Rreduce b ()
Rreduce b Int
(Ord a, Rreduce b a) => Rreduce b (Set a)
Rreduce c a => Rreduce c [a]
(Rreduce c a, Rreduce c b) => Rreduce c (a, b)
Generic operations based on Fold
class Fold f whereSource
All of the functions below are defined using instances of the following class
Methods
foldRight :: Rep a => (a -> b -> b) -> f a -> b -> bSource
foldLeft :: Rep a => (b -> a -> b) -> b -> f a -> bSource
Instances
Fold []
Fold Set
Fold (Map k)
crush :: (Rep a, Fold t) => (a -> a -> a) -> a -> t a -> aSource
Fold a bindary operation left over a datastructure
gproduct :: (Rep a, Num a, Fold t) => t a -> aSource
Multiply all elements together
gand :: Fold t => t Bool -> BoolSource
Ensure all booleans are true
gor :: Fold t => t Bool -> BoolSource
Ensure at least one boolean is true
flatten :: (Rep a, Fold t) => t a -> [a]Source
Convert to list
count :: (Rep a, Fold t) => t a -> IntSource
Count number of as that appear in the argument
comp :: (Rep a, Fold t) => t (a -> a) -> a -> aSource
Compose all functions in the datastructure together
gconcat :: (Rep a, Fold t) => t [a] -> [a]Source
Concatenate all lists in the datastructure together
gall :: (Rep a, Fold t) => (a -> Bool) -> t a -> BoolSource
Ensure property holds of all data
gany :: (Rep a, Fold t) => (a -> Bool) -> t a -> BoolSource
Ensure property holds of some element
gelem :: (Rep a, Eq a, Fold t) => a -> t a -> BoolSource
Is an element stored in a datastructure
Auxiliary types and generators for derivable classes
data GSumD a Source
Constructors
GSumD
Fields
gsumD :: a -> Int

Instances
GSum a => Sat (GSumD a)
data ZeroD a Source
Constructors
ZD
Fields
zeroD :: a

Instances
Zero a => Sat (ZeroD a)
data GenerateD a Source
Constructors
GenerateD
Fields
generateD :: Int -> [a]

Instances
data EnumerateD a Source
Constructors
EnumerateD
Fields
enumerateD :: [a]

Instances
data ShrinkD a Source
Constructors
ShrinkD
Fields
shrinkD :: a -> [a]

Instances
Shrink a => Sat (ShrinkD a)
data LreduceD b a Source
Constructors
LreduceD
Fields
lreduceD :: b -> a -> b

Instances
Lreduce b a => Sat (LreduceD b a)
data RreduceD b a Source
Constructors
RreduceD
Fields
rreduceD :: a -> b -> b

Instances
Rreduce b a => Sat (RreduceD b a)
rnfR :: R a -> a -> aSource
deepSeqR :: R a -> a -> b -> bSource
gsumR1 :: R1 GSumD a -> a -> IntSource
lreduceR1 :: R1 (LreduceD b) a -> b -> a -> bSource
rreduceR1 :: R1 (RreduceD b) a -> a -> b -> bSource


text:
In the heart of Sydney's bustling eastern suburbs lies Bondi Junction, a fashion-conscious enclave where the art of clothing alterations intertwines with personal style and self-expression. This dynamic neighbourhood has witnessed changes in its skyline and has also played host to a thriving industry dedicated to transforming garments and tailoring them to perfection. In this guest post, we delve into the world of Alterations In Bondi Junction, exploring how this intricate craft has woven its way into the fabric of the community.
Significance of Alterations In Bondi Junction
Clothing alterations hold a profound significance that transcends mere adjustments to the fabric. They embody the art of customization, enabling individuals to express their unique identities through attire. From a practical perspective, alterations ensure that clothing fits impeccably, enhancing comfort and confidence. Ill-fitting clothes can undermine self-assurance, while tailored garments exude a sense of poise. Furthermore, clothing alterations champion sustainability in a world dominated by fast fashion. In an era where clothing disposal is rampant, altering existing pieces extends their lifespan, reducing waste and contributing to a more eco-conscious lifestyle. This resonates with the growing movement towards mindful consumption.
The significance of clothing alterations extends to cultural preservation. Tailoring traditional garments allows for the seamless integration of cultural heritage into modern life, enabling wearers to honour their roots while embracing contemporary trends. This fusion fosters a sense of pride and belonging. Importantly, alterations facilitate the transformation of clothing into keepsakes. Wedding gowns altered to perfection encapsulate memories of special days, while heirloom garments adjusted to fit new generations bridge the past with the present.
In essence, clothing alterations bridge individuality and fashion, sustainability and style, tradition and modernity. Their impact ripples through personal confidence, environmental responsibility, cultural appreciation, and preserving cherished memories.
A Tailored Heritage
Clothing Alterations In Bondi Junction are deeply rooted in the history of Bondi Junction. As a suburb that embraces diverse cultures and fashion trends, the alteration industry has grown in parallel, catering to the evolving needs of its residents. From hemming pants to intricate dress fittings, skilled tailors have been instrumental in ensuring that individuals look and feel their best while preserving the timeless elegance of classic garments.
Just as fashion trends change, so do the need for clothing alterations. Bondi Junction's boutiques and designer stores offer an array of options, but achieving a perfect fit often requires the touch of a skilled tailor. Whether it's altering vintage finds to suit modern aesthetics or customizing off-the-rack pieces for a unique look, the alteration services in Bondi Junction bridge the gap between style and individuality.
Personalization and Sustainability
In an era of fast fashion, the importance of sustainability and conscious consumption has grown. Bondi Junction's alteration services offer a sustainable solution by allowing individuals to revamp and breathe new life into their wardrobes. This alteration-driven approach aligns with the neighbourhood's eco-conscious mindset, encouraging residents to embrace quality over quantity and invest in pieces that can stand the test of time.
Special Occasions and Memories
Life's milestones and celebrations often call for attire beyond the ordinary. Clothing alterations in Bondi Junction play a pivotal role in shaping these moments, from altering wedding gowns to fit like a dream to ensuring that formal wear for special events exudes confidence and elegance. Tailors become not just artisans but also custodians of cherished memories, adding a layer of sentimentality to their craft.
Bondi Junction's multicultural tapestry is reflected in the variety of clothing alterations available. Tailors skilled in diverse techniques cater to different cultural attire, understanding that altering traditional garments requires sensitivity and expertise. This fusion of cultures and crafts provides residents with bespoke clothing and fosters cross-cultural connections.
Craftsmanship and Modernity
While the essence of clothing alterations remains rooted in age-old techniques, the industry has evolved to embrace modern technology. Bondi Junction's alteration studios integrate innovation with traditional craftsmanship, from laser cutting to advanced stitching methods. This harmonious blend ensures that garments are altered for fit and enhanced comfort and durability.
Why Look for Experts for Clothing Alterations?
Seeking experts for Alterations In Bondi Junction is essential for several compelling reasons:
Precision and Expertise
Clothing alteration specialists possess the technical know-how and precision to accurately modify garments. Their experience allows them to assess fabric types, construction methods, and design intricacies, ensuring alterations are performed seamlessly without compromising the garment's overall appearance.
Tailoring for the Perfect Fit
Expert tailors understand the nuances of body shapes and proportions. They can transform ill-fitting attire into garments that hug the body in all the right places, enhancing comfort and confidence. Their ability to customize pieces to an individual's unique measurements ensures a flawless fit that off-the-rack clothing can rarely match.
Preservation of Design and Quality
When altering clothing, it's crucial to maintain the original design and quality of the garment. Skilled alteration professionals can adjust seams, hems, and details while preserving the piece's overall aesthetic and structural integrity.
Different fabrics require distinct alteration techniques. From delicate silk to heavy denim, each material demands specific handling. Experts are well-versed in these techniques, ensuring that alterations are done using appropriate methods that yield excellent results.
Some alterations involve intricate adjustments, such as resizing shoulders, altering sleeves, or modifying intricate patterns. Skilled professionals can navigate these complexities, ensuring seamless and polished outcomes.
Time and Efficiency
Clothing alteration experts streamline the process, completing alterations efficiently without compromising quality. This is especially important for individuals who need their garments ready for specific events or occasions.
Personalization and Advice
Beyond mere Alterations In Bondi Junction, experts can provide valuable insights on garment adjustments that enhance your style. They can suggest modifications that flatter your body type or recommend updating outdated pieces.
Attention to Detail
A well-executed alteration hinges on meticulous attention to detail. Professionals are trained to focus on even the smallest aspects, ensuring that every stitch is placed correctly and every adjustment is precise.
Access to Equipment and Tools
Alteration studios have specialized tools that enable professionals to achieve refined results. These tools, often unavailable to the average person, contribute to the overall quality of the alterations.
Clothing alteration experts prioritize customer satisfaction. They take the time to understand your preferences, needs, and concerns, resulting in a tailored experience that aligns with your expectations. In summary, clothing alterations are a delicate art that demands expertise and finesse. Entrusting your garments to experts ensures that you receive impeccable results, a perfect fit, and a garment that retains its original charm while aligning with your style and comfort.
The intricate dance of clothing Alterations In Bondi Junction Junction transforms mere fabric into works of art, tailoring the past to meet the present and adapting individual style to the ever-changing fashion landscape. This artful alteration industry is more than just about sewing seams; it embodies a commitment to excellence, personalization, and preserving the essence of timeless pieces. As Bondi Junction continues to evolve, its alteration studios remain a constant, threading together stories of fashion, culture, and self-expression.
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This paper reports the first electronic circuit used to measure MEMS resonator motion in the time domain. The measurement of shuttle position is made using a capacitance-to-voltage converter IC that has been developed by combining correlated double sampling with delta modulation in a fully differential circuit topology. This oversampling circuit may be adjusted to trade bandwidth (sample rate) for resolution, while reference level may be adjusted to set the desired sensitivity to accommodate a large range of capacitive sensor interface applications. For example, test results demonstrate a resolution of 170 aF for a signal bandwidth of 3 kHz, a 68-dB dynamic range, and nonlinearity less than 0.16%.


8th grade
1 methods of controlling fullness.
2 what is fastening.
3 uses of fastening.
4 pictures of methods of controlling fullness.
5 what is controlling fullness.
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 1. What School Subject IS this? We need to know that - clothing?
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 3. darts,tucks,pleats
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 4. Home economics clothing and construction
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text:
fort is unquestionably the first cheese of Europe: that of Brie, one of Sassenage the Marolles, not inferior in any way to the best cheeses from foreign countries; the mountains of Lorraine, Franche-Comte and neighboring regions, mimics that of Gruyere; Auvergne cheese is as good as the best cheese of Holland."
The AOC classification probably came about as an effort to protect the region's ownership of the Roquefort. It was, in a way, a copyright stamp on a product made through a unique process that also served as a guarantee to those who lusted after the cheese.
Helpfully, it was also a vain proclamation of its own virtues; an advertisement that this was an exquisite food favored by the noble and influential. Indeed, Roquefort had a fan in Charlemagne, as did Saint Nectaire in Napoleon I and Brie in Talleyrand.
At production levels of close to 2,000 tones a year, France is one of the top-three cheese producers of the world. Figures also show that they are in the lead in terms of cheese consumption as a nation. Cheese is also a major export for the country. The famous French ardour for cheese comes not for what it has done for the nation economically but culturally. Like wine, cheese is an expression of the land and the country's heritage. Throughout the ages, the people of France have come to see their finest cheese as a product of cultural pride.
More than a business strategy, the AOC classification is France's attempt at preserving a part of its gastronomical heritage. They want people who step into a fromagerie to speak of localities and farms—never mind that of the producer. He is unimportant, for he is simply a vessel delivering what the land meant the people to produce.
THE INSTITUT NATIONAL DE L'ORIGINE ET DE LA QUALITÉ
Among France's more than 1,000 cheeses, only 46 have been awarded AOC status by the Institut national de l'Origine et de la Qualité. Of the 46, 11 were honored with the classification in this decade.
- Morbier: A mild and aromatic cow's milk cheese from Franche-Comté
- Pélardon des Cevennes: A fruity, well-balanced goat's cheese from Languedoc-Roussillon
- Tome des Bauges: Delicate and mild cheese made from skimmed cow's milk, in Savoie
- Chevrotin: Hard goat's milk cheese that is floral in aroma, also made in Savoie
- Banon: Made from unpasteurized whole goat's milk, and matured in brown chestnut's leaves, this is an easily recognizable cheese with a distinct flavor. From Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
- Époisses de Bourgogne: Subtle cow's milk cheese from Bourgogne
- Macônnais: Soft goat's milk cheese from Bourgogne
- Mont d'or (Vacherin du Haut-Doubs): Runny cow's milk cheese from Franche-Comté, easily recognized by a belt of pine bark
- Gruyère: The Swiss cheese named after the Swiss municipality was awarded the transnational AOC in March of 2007
- Rigotte de Condrieu: A fi ne textured goat's milk cheese with ivory, white or even blue surface flora 2010
- Charolais: A firm and smooth goat's milk cheese of complex flavor profile


the world's most spectacular roads
Cerro de la Muerte is a high mountain pass at an elevation of 3,451 m (11,322 ft) above the sea level filled with steep curves and potholes. It's the highest point in the Costa Rican section of the Inter-American Highway, the Central American section of the Pan-American Highway.
The name of the pass means "Mountain of Death", since many travelers succumbed to the cold and rain in the past. This part of the highway has excessive potholes, steep, narrow curves, and plenty of fog.
Due its climb in elevation over thousands of feet, and pass through remote areas, it is important when driving in these conditions to be prepared. This road goes through different various climates and temperatures.
This road is usually open all year long. But flash floods and landslides as well as narrow curves and steep cliffs make the pass extremely dangerous.


text:
Fearless cookiecutter shark taking on great whites, UF scientists find
Published: Monday, February 4, 2013 at 12:58 p.m.
Last Modified: Monday, February 4, 2013 at 12:58 p.m.
Small but mighty: What's true on land might also be true in the ocean.
Recently, scientists unveiled the first photographic evidence that a cigar-shaped shark less than 2 feet long — known as the cookiecutter shark — bit one of the oceanic giants 10 times its size — the great white shark.
Yannis Papastamatiou, a marine biologist in the division of ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History in Gainesville, was one of the authors of a study published in the January issue of the journal Pacific Science, which describes the cookiecutter shark's bite wound near the mouth of a great white found in the waters off Guadalupe Island in the Pacific.
The cookiecutter shark, named for its characteristic bite that is unique among sharks, scoops out a neatly round piece of flesh from its prey.
"They have a fairly distinct skull and musculature and are really evolved to scoop these circular bites out of animals," Papastamatiou said. "There is no other shark with a similar adaptation."
The sharks also have tiny upper teeth and lower teeth that "look like a picket fence with razor sharp edges," said Christopher Lowe, a professor at California State University and another author of the study. This allows their upper teeth to sink in as their lower teeth dig and twist out their victim's flesh.
But then, they are done.
"Their strategy is not a kill — they are just getting one bite," Papastamatiou said. They do feast on a number of species, though, and have left bites on dolphins, whales and tuna. They ingest squid and small fish whole.
In 2009, a man doing an inter-island nighttime swim in Hawaii got bit, and people drowned at sea have been found with bites.
The sharks also have taken chunks out of submarines and oceanographic equipment.
"Think of it like a buffet table for a cookiecutter. They take bites out of everything," Lowe said, adding that the documented bites have increased, he suspects, because the sharks' increased access to feeding has allowed them to reproduce faster.
But the cookiecutters are still an elusive breed, and fairly hard for scientists to study because they generally hang out in the deepest part of the ocean (over half a mile down) and come to shallower waters only at night, which is likely their most active feeding time.
As Papastamatiou explained, cells in their belly produce light to match moonlight, which makes them disappear in a predator's eye. However, they have a dark band behind their head that a predator mistakes for a ring of tiny fish. And that might be how a cookiecutter deceptively lures bigger sharks and other animals toward it, then shocks them with its own bite before sneaking away, Papastamatiou said.
"The cookiecutter moves around pretty fast. We don't know how (the other shark) responded. It was more than likely a startled response. It's got to be fairly shocking."
But the wounds do heal, and so far, they haven't been known to cause long-term damage to victims, although Papastamatiou said there might be an immune system consequence, particularly in animals such as swordfish, which can be covered with bites if they are not entirely eaten.
And cookiecutter bites on fish caught and sold at a market do detract from the fish's value, Papastamatiou added.
"They actually do have some economic impact. At fish auctions, the market value of the fish goes down with cookiecutter bites."
The challenge for scientists now is to study the cookiecutters while they are in attack mode, since they mostly have been caught accidentally in fishing nets.
"My dream is to detect them and track them in the wild," Papastamatiou said. "We've developed a lot of theories about how they behave, but to be able to find them is really the hard part."
Contact Kristine Crane at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.


Does cello play in alto clef?
Explanation: Music for the cello is primarily written in the bass clef, though the tenor clef is commonly seen in both solo and orchestral music. … The cello plays in all of them except the alto, which is the primary clef of the viola.
What are the 4 clefs?
In modern music, only four clefs are used regularly: treble clef, bass clef, alto clef, and tenor clef. Of these, the treble and bass clefs are by far the most common.
What is the range of a cello?
three octaves
Is it hard to learn the cello?
Is cello a bass or treble?
Music for the cello is generally written in the bass clef, with tenor clef and treble clef used for higher-range passages. Played by a cellist or violoncellist, it enjoys a large solo repertoire with and without accompaniment, as well as numerous concerti.
What are the cello notes?
You might be interested: How is a cello tuned
Is the fifth line at the bottom or top of the staff?
The lines and spaces are numbered from bottom to top; the bottom line is the first line and the top line is the fifth line. The musical staff is analogous to a mathematical graph of pitch with respect to time. Pitches of notes are given by their vertical position on the staff and notes are played from left to right.
Why is bass clef different than treble?
In the treble clef, G is second from the bottom while F is the top line. In the bass clef, F is the second line from the top and G is the bottom line. … Visually, the separation of the two clefs makes playing with the left (bass clef) and right hand (treble clef) easier to read.
Why does Alto Clef exist?
Why does the alto clef exist? Historically, the Alto Clef was originally used to reduce the need for ledger lines when writing out the music for alto singers in choirs. This is because the pitch range of an alto occupies an awkward range of notes that sits between the Treble Clef and Bass Clef staves.
What is the hardest instrument to play?
Here are the hardest and easiest instruments to learn:
 1. Violin. The hardest instrument on the list. …
 2. Organ. …
 3. French horn. …
 4. Accordion. …
 5. Harp. …
 6. Drums. …
 7. Guitar. …
 8. Piano.
Why does the cello make me cry?
The cello can "sound sad" because of its low voice (pitch range). This allows composers to feature this stellar instrument in "sad songs, which tend toward lower pitch registers.
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widgets are placed inside a Ext JS window using the code:
 var win = new Ext.Window({
 title : 'RGIIT',
 width : 500,
 border : 'false',
 height : 100,
 id : 'win',
 name : 'win',
 bodyStyle : 'background-color:_TAG_;padding: 10px',
 autoScroll : true,
 items: [{
 items: [
 buttonAlign : 'right', // buttons aligned to the right
 buttons :[{
 text :'save',
 handler : getName
 text : 'Cancel'
To do this as soon as user request to retrieve the name we call the handler associated with the save button. The selected Enrollment Number is sent back to server side using AJAX request with the help of following code written in handler.
function getName (btn)
 url :'showStudentInfo.htm',
 method : 'POST',
 params: {
 rollNumber : rollNumbers.getValue()
 scope : this
To retrieve the selected Enrollment Number at the server side we will do something like this
String enrollmentNumber = request.getParameter("rollNumber");
Note that parameter in function getParameter is the value sent by AJAX request. Now only task remaining is to fetch value again from DB using MyBatis and send it back to client side. To do this we again call a function in defined in StudentInfoDAO name getName() which will look like
public String getName(String rollNumber) throws PersistenceException {
 SqlSession session = sf.openSession();
 try {
 ArrayList getName = (ArrayList)session.selectList("com.batch2k7.model.SimpleMappers.getName");
 if (getName == null) {
 return getName.get(0).getName();
 } finally {
We invoke this function like this:
if (rollNumber!= null) {
 StudentInfoDAO studDao = new StudentInfoDAO(sf);
 String name = studDao.getName(rollNumber);
Now we can again send name back to client side using the method I describe earlier in this tutorial and display it to user using a MessageBox
When user click on save button, an AJAX request is sent back to server as I described earlier, value is fetched from DB ans sent back to client side. To display it use the code in handler of save button
Go to top.


text: Professional accountants are important agents of change, contributing significantly to effective implementation of financial reporting and auditing reform and helping businesses meet their objectives through the provision of relevant business advisory and consulting services. Professional Accounting Organizations (PAOs), to which professional accountants belong, help their membership through ongoing training, guidance and tools aimed to maintain their professional competence. PAOs also provide authorities, such as audit Public Oversight Bodies (POBs), with potential partners in regulation. For example, the performance of quality assurance reviews of non-Public Interest Entities is performed in many countries by the PAO under the POB's supervision rather than by the POB. PAO's also undertake other important functions such as; promoting the adoption and implementation of international accounting, auditing and ethical standards, investigating and where necessary disciplining members not meeting professional obligations and overseeing the recruitment of new entrants into the profession to ensure a talent pipeline sufficient to undertake its important role in society on an ongoing basis.


text:
Psychoacoustics is the study of the relationship between physical sounds and the brain's interpretation of them. Until recently, psychoacoustics has devoted more attention to the behaviour of the peripheral auditory system than to the details of cognitive processing.
The discipline is a branch of psychophysics in that it is interested in the relation between sensory input stimuli and the behavioural or psychological response that they provoke. Because of individual variations in observed responses, statistical results are most often achieved.
Some of the traditional psychoacoustic concerns involve the perception of pitch, loudness, volume and timbre. Contemporary work involves higher level concepts such as auditory percepts, streaming, and auditory scene analysis. (Source: Barry Truax - Handbook for Acoustic Ecology CD-ROM Edition. Cambridge Street Publishing, 1999 - CSR-CDR 9901)


DEV Community
Loading Audio in Node JS
Hugh Rawlinson
Contributor to _USER_.
Originally published at Updated on ・7 min read
Working with audio as a developer can unlock many awesome features, and a lot of fun. You can generate music, analyze audio using machine learning, build audio visualizers, music information retrieval systems, and much more. It's an extremely fun field. But working with audio can be tricky - how is sound represented on a computer? How can we manipulate that sound? And how do we serialize sound data to disk?
Pulse Code Modulation Encoding
This post won't be a deep dive into audio encoding - it's a practical guide for how to load audio in Node JS, into a state that you can work with it. Generally, digital signal processing (which means "working with audio data using code") operates on a kind of audio data called Pulse Code Modulation. There's a lot of fancy theory and maths behind PCM encoding - but until you're ready to dive in to Wikipedia, you can think of it as "a long list of numbers that represent the change in air pressure over time that makes up a sound". This is, after all, what a microphone measures and converts into numbers.
Each number in the list that makes up a sound is called a "sample". The sample can be represented on disk as one of several kinds of numbers - floating point numbers, integers, or other representations. The number of bits that represent the number affect the precision of the number - for example, 16 bit numbers can have much more precision than 8 bit numbers. The number of bits in each sample is referred to as the "bit depth".
Sample Rate
Another important attribute of PCM encoded audio is the "sample rate". This refers to the rate at which samples should be played in order for the sound to be at the right speed. For reasons outside the scope of this post, the sample rate dictates the highest frequency component that can be represented in a sound. For the purposes of most audio intended for human listening, it's important to store audio at a sample rate slightly higher than double the maximum frequencies that humans can hear. Since humans can't really hear audio over 20,000hz, a standard sample rate has emerged at 44,100hz. The "hz" unit here refers to hertz, which means "samples per second". Sometimes you can encounter audio with a higher or lower sample frequency - audio for movies can be up to 192,000hz, and signals representing things that aren't meant for human hearing (for example, geological sonar scans) might not need as many as 44,100 samples per second.
Loading PCM audio from disk
Several audio file formats store PCM encoded audio directly - wav and aiff are examples.
Luckily, other developers have implemented great libraries that handle the complexities of parsing wav files for you. I recommend node-wav, by Andreas Gal. It's got a simple API, and uses the metadata at the start of the wav file to automatically choose the correct sample rate, bit depth, and number encoding. From the readme, here is a code example.
let fs = require('fs');
let wav = require('node-wav');
let buffer = fs.readFileSync('file.wav');
let result = wav.decode(buffer);
console.log(result.channelData); // array of Float32Arrays
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The result.channelData variable contains a list of signals that you can use as standard Javascript Float32Arrays. The result object also exposes the sample rate, which you will likely need to know for many operations.
If you're using Meyda to analyze audio that you load in this way, you will need to make sure that the sample rate of the audio matches the sample rate that Meyda is set to use. Otherwise you'll end up with audio features that are incorrect, and based on a skewed frequency scale. You can either match the Meyda sample rate to the wav sample rate, or you can resample the audio to fit a standard sample rate (i.e. 44,100hz, or 48,000hz). Resampling audio is a complicated topic beyond the scope of this article, but if you have trouble finding information online, let me know and I may find time to write an article.
AIFF files also store PCM audio data, but differ from WAV files in that they have a different header format for storing metadata. node-wav doesn't support AIFF files, and I haven't found a package I would recommend to do so. If you need to analyze AIFF files, I would suggest using a utility like ffmpeg to transcode the audio to wav.
What about non-PCM audio formats?
But what about audio file formats like mp3, ogg, and flac? The difference between these formats and wav is that the audio is compressed on disk. mp3 and ogg are what's called "lossy" compression - that means they change the actual sound in ways that are hopefully imperceptible to most listeners in order to get better compression. flac, meanwhile, is a format that implements lossless compression. This means that it encodes audio on disk in a more efficient format than storing each sample as a full integer or floating point number, but without modifying the audio itself.
Encoding agnostic signal processing code
It's best to write signal processing code that works with one representation of audio, and reuse it by converting the audio - rather than having one implementation of your signal processing code for each audio encoding. We can achieve code reusability by converting all audio to a common format for signal processing, so that your code only has to think about one representation. Libraries that do this are called "codecs" which comes from "enCOding/DECoding". In order to support a particular file format in your program, you will need to make sure that you have the right codec. Luckily, you don't need to understand each audio format and implement a codec yourself - you can use packages to do this. So when you're writing your signal processing code, you should write code that works on raw signals, not encoded or compressed. In many cases, in Javascript, signals are represented as Float32Arrays - and unless you have specific requirements where this causes a limitation for you, I would recommend sticking to writing code that assumes signals are in Float32Arrays.
Loading alternative encodings from disk
While there are some implementations of mp3 encoders in Javascript, I would actually recommend calling out to another technology to do the transcoding. ffmpeg is a long running open source project that excels in media encoding. It can translate between many different media encodings, and I'm confident that it covers a huge portion of transcoding needs. In Node, you can call out to ffmpeg using the child_process API.
import { exec } from "child_process";
import { mkdtemp } from "fs/promises";
import path from "path";
import os from "os";
// Create a temporary directory to store transcoded audio
const TEMP_DIR = await mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "transcoder-storage-"));
async function transcodeToWav(filename) {
 return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
 let output_filename = '${path.join(TEMP_DIR, filename)}.wav';
 // "shell out" to ffmpeg
 'ffmpeg -i ${filename} ${output_filename}',
 (error, stdout, stderr) => {
 if (error) {
 console.log("ERROR: ", error);
 resolve({ filename: output_filename, stdout, stderr });
try {
 let result = await transcodeToWav("./164064__cclaretc__rooster.mp3");
 // result.filename is the new filename of the transcoded audio.
 // We can now use node-wav as described above to read the audio
 let buffer = fs.readFileSync('file.wav');
 let decodedAudio = wav.decode(buffer);
 console.log(decodedAudio.channelData); // array of Float32Arrays
} catch {}
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I'm using a modern version of Nodejs which allows imports, top level await in.mjs files, and exposes the fs/promises interface, but this code refactors back to older versions of node if you need.
One thing to bear in mind is that in order for this to work, you need to have a copy of ffmpeg on the system that you're running the code on. Luckily, there's a package for that - ffmpeg-static is a dependency that you can include in your project that installs a statically linked copy of ffmpeg. You can use it to ensure that ffmpeg is always available to your code. Check it out!
But what about the web?
While in theory it might be possible to run ffmpeg through emscripten and run it in a web worker (I certainly assume someone has done this), it's not necessarily practical to try and use the same technique from node to transcode audio on the web. The good news is that the w3c has chartered a working group to focus on web codecs. While this is at the time of writing still in early stages, the working group is powering ahead on designing and proposing an API to enable media transcoding on the web, and hopefully that will become available to us in the near future.
What did we learn?
In this blog post, I covered the basics of Pulse Code Modulation encoding, how to load wav files from disk, the difference between wav files and other audio encoding file formats, transcoding other file formats to wav for loading in node, and how transcoding might soon work outside of node, but on the web. I hope these explanations have been useful to you. If anything is unclear, or you have more questions, please let me know on Twitter! Thanks for reading.


text: This paper is concerned with a slope stability appraisal of the proposed open cut mining operations in the Thar lignite field in Sindh, Pakistan. The Thar coalfield covers an area of approximately 9 000 km2 and is estimated to contain 193 billion tonnes of lignite resources. The design of safe high wall slopes is necessary to ensure mine safety and overall economical viability of the mining operations. In the Thar lignite field, the presence of three main aquifers induces pore pressure in the rock mass surrounding the lignite seams and makes high wall slopes potentially unsafe. It is, therefore, necessary to dewater the rock mass before commencing mining excavations. A proposed mine dewatering scheme to facilitate rock mass dewatering surrounding the mining excavations and a description of the slope stability analysis of the high wall using the software "SLIDE" version 5 is outlined. Three computer models with slope angles of 28o, 29o and 30o, incorporating a plane failure mode, were analyzed to investigate the stability of pit slopes. The generalized stratigraphy of borehole RE-25 has been used for the development of the computer models. The main conclusions of this study are that the slope angle of 28o is quite acceptable for a Stability Factor (SF) ≤ 1.3 whereas the excavated slopes with slope angles ≥ 29o are not safe against the plane failure for SF>1.3. This assessment was followed by a slope stability analysis incorporating circular failure modes. Five models incorporating various slope angles ranging from 23o to 27o and one model incorporating combined slope angles of 23o in dune sand and 26o in the rest of the strata were developed and analysed. The main conclusions from this study are that the dune sand layer (having a thickness of 48 m) is acceptable for a SF of 1.3 at slope angle ≤ 23o, while the rest of the strata is acceptable for SF=1.3 at slope angles ≤ 26o. The overburden to lignite extraction ratio for this slope design has been calculated as 3:1 or 3 m3 of overburden over 1 t of lignite.


The most mispronounced Irish names in America
Having an Irish name in the US is an experience unto itself! There's the gradual acceptance that many people you meet - from new friends to the fine barristas at Starbucks - will have no idea how to spell or pronounce your name. There's the patience you learn to muster as you repeat your name slowly for the umpteenth time. There's the rare moment of sheer exultation when you encounter someone who gets your name right on the first go, or an Irish speaker who doesn't give it a second thought.
Why do some Americans have such a hard time with Irish names? It's often the double vowel that catches out many people when they try to pronounce Gaelic names. Sometimes the triple vowel, as in "Caoimhe," completely stumps them.
[Read more: The top 10 Irish language names for girls]
Here's a list of the top ten tongue twisting Irish names - and a guide on how to pronounce them:
1. Caoimhe
Meaning "gentle in Gaelic. Pronounced "Kweeva", not "Cam-he".
2. Siobhan
Very common Gaelic name. Pronounced "SHIV awn" not "SEE o ban".
3. Oisin
Historical old Irish name of a fabled Fenian warrior (pictured above). Pronounced "USH een" not "Waz an".
4. Sinead
Again a common girl's name. Pronounced "SHIN ade" not "Sign aid".
5. Aisling
Meaning dream or vision. Seen in "The Secret of Kells" Often pronounced "Ass Sling" by Americans. Proper pronunciation is "ASH ling".
6. Niamh
Very common name with girls in Ireland. Pronounced "KNEE ov" not "NI Am H".
7. Grainne
Pictured above is what is believed to be her grave in Omagh, Co. Tyrone. After famed love partner of Diarmuid, a Fenian chieftain. Pronounced "GRAWN YAH" not "granny".
[Read more: The top 10 Irish language names for boys]
8. Cathal
Boys name meaning Charles in Gaelic. Pronounced "Cah Hull" not "cattle".
9. Tadgh
This is a difficult one. This is a boy's name. Pronounced "TIG" as in the first three letters in Tiger, not "Tad guh".
10. Saoirse
Meaning freedom, see also actress Saoirse Ronan. Pronounced "See Or Shah" not "Sway oar sha".
Practice makes perfect! And remember, before you complain about how hard they are to pronounce, it's important that you keep in mind the reason it's so hard; the names are in another language!
Good luck!


text:
What is Wide Awake Hand Surgery?
Wide awake hand surgery is surgery of the hand and wrist that is done without sedation, without a tourniquet, and without general anesthesia.
This new surgical approach involves injecting local anesthetic around specific nerves in the hand and wrist. There is no need for general anesthesia, hospitalization, and the associated risks, expenses, and inconveniences. Immediately after wide awake hand surgery, you can simply walk out of the operating room, go home or back to work - just like you would after a dental procedure.
As patients seek to minimize their medical costs and time away from work, wide awake hand surgery is in higher demand. The technique is safe, effective, efficient, and cost-effective, and results in high patient and surgeon satisfaction.
How is it different from other anesthesia?


Current Date: 28.09.2023
Search plant images using plant characters
This form allows a search for a combination of plant characters. There are four steps:
1.
Choose from the character type pull-down menu the type of character you are looking for. The GUESS Color checkbox is used for a fuzzy logic search with free text.
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Press the REFINE CHOICE button to get a more detailled list of the character types.
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Use the CHARACTER STATEMENT pull down menu for your final choice.
4. Then press the SEARCH FOR SELECTION button to perform the search.
If you select more than one character type, the result is an intersection of the different characters you are looking for. The result is displayed in the list below.
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dense granular materials - statistical mechanics - vibrations - friction
Ahmed Elbanna's picture
Stick-slip instabilities in sheared granular flow: The role of friction and acoustic vibrations
We propose a theory of shear flow in dense granular materials. A key ingredient of the theory is an effective temperature that determines how the material responds to external driving forces such as shear stresses and vibrations. We show that, within our model, friction between grains produces stick-slip behavior at intermediate shear rates, even if the material is rate-strengthening at larger rates. In addition, externally generated acoustic vibrations alter the stick-slip amplitude, or suppress stick-slip altogether, depending on the pressure and shear rate.
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SQL Server 2014
Home > SQL Server 2014 > SQL Server 2014 Maximum Capacity Specifications
SQL Server 2014 Maximum Capacity Specifications
The following tables specify the maximum sizes and numbers of various objects defined in SQL Server 2014 components, and compared against the maximum sizes and number of various objects defined in SQL Server 2012 components.
Database Engine Objects
The following table specifies the maximum sizes and number of various objects defined in SQL Server databases or referenced in Transact-SQL statements.
Maximum Sizes / Numbers SQL Server
(Applies to Both 32-bit and 64-bit unless specified)
SQL Server Database Engine Object SQL Server 2012 SQL Server 2014
Batch size 65,536 * Network Packet Size 65,536 * Network Packet Size
Bytes per short string column 8,000 8,000
Bytes per GROUP BY ORDER BY 8,060 8,060
Bytes per index key 900 900
Bytes per foreign key 900 900
Bytes per primary key 900 900
Bytes per row 8,060 8,060
Bytes per row in memory-optimized tables Not supported
32-bit - Not Supported
64-bit - 8,060
Bytes in source text of a stored procedure. Lesser of batch size or 250 MB Lesser of batch size or 250 MB
Bytes per VARCHAR(MAX), VARBINARY(MAX), XML, TEXT, or IMAGE column 2^31-1 2^31-1
Characters per NTEXT or NVARCHAR(MAX) column 2^30-1 2^30-1
Clustered indexes per table 1 1
Columns in GROUP BY, ORDER BY Limited only by number of bytes Limited only by number of bytes
Columns or expressions in a GROUP BY WITH CUBE or WITH ROLLUP statement 10 10
Columns per index key 16 16
Columns per foreign key 16 16
Columns per primary key 16 16
Columns per nonwide table 1,024 1,024
Columns per wide table 30,000 30,000
Columns per SELECT statement 4,096 4,096
Columns per INSERT statement 4,096 4,096
Connections per client Maximum value of configured connections Maximum value of configured connections
Database size 524,272 terabytes 524,272 terabytes
Databases per instance of SQL Server 32,767 32,767
Filegroups per database 32,767 32,767
Filegroups per database for memory-optimized data Not Supported
32-bit - Not Supported
64-bit - 1
Files per database 32,767 32,767
File size (data) 16 terabytes 16 terabytes
File size (log) 2 terabytes 2 terabytes
Data files for memory-optimized data per database Not Supported
32-bit - Not Supported
64-bit - 4,096
Delta file per data file for memory-optimized data Not Supported
32-bit - Not Supported
64-bit - 1
Foreign key table references per table 253 253
Identifier length (in characters) 128 128
Instances per computer 50 instances on a stand-alone server for all SQL Server editions. 50 instances on a stand-alone server for all SQL Server editions.
Indexes per memory-optimized table Not Supported
32-bit - Not Supported
64-bit - 8
Length of a string containing SQL statements (batch size) 65,536 * Network packet size 65,536 * Network packet size
Locks per connection Maximum locks per server Maximum locks per server
Locks per instance of SQL Server
32-bit - Up to 2,147,483,647
64-bit - Limited only by memory
32-bit - Up to 2,147,483,647
64-bit - Limited only by memory
Nested stored procedure levels 32 32
Nested subqueries 32 32
Nested trigger levels 32 32
Nonclustered indexes per table 999 999
Number of distinct expressions in the GROUP BY clause when any of the following are present: CUBE, ROLLUP, GROUPING SETS, WITH CUBE, WITH ROLLUP 32 32
Number of grouping sets generated by operators in the GROUP BY clause 4,096 4,096
Parameters per stored procedure 2,100 2,100
Parameters per user-defined function 2,100 2,100
REFERENCES per table 253 253
Rows per table Limited by available storage Limited by available storage
Tables per database Limited by number of objects in a database Limited by number of objects in a database
Partitions per partitioned table or index
32-bit - 1,000
64-bit - 15,000
32-bit - 1,000
64-bit - 15,000
Statistics on non-indexed columns 30,000 30,000
Tables per SELECT statement Limited only by available resources Limited only by available resources
Triggers per table Limited by number of objects in a database. Limited by number of objects in a database.
Columns per UPDATE statement (Wide Tables) 4,096 4,096
User connections 32,767 32,767
XML Indexes 249 249
SQL Server Utility Objects
The following table specifies the maximum sizes and number of various objects that were tested in the SQL Server Utility.
Maximum Sizes / Numbers SQL Server
(Applies to both 32-bit and 64-bit unless specified)
SQL Server Utility Object SQL Server 2012 SQL Server 2014
Computers (physical computers or virtual machines) per SQL Server Utility 100 100
Instances of SQL Server per computer 5 5
Total number of instances of SQL Server per SQL Server Utility 200 200
User databases per instance of SQL Server, including data-tier applications 50 50
Total number of user databases per SQL Server Utility 1,000 1,000
File groups per database 1 1
Data files per file group 1 1
Log files per database 1 1
Volumes per computer 3 3
SQL Server Data-Tier Application Objects
The following table specifies the maximum sizes and number of various objects that were tested in the SQL Server data-tier applications (DAC).
Maximum Sizes / Numbers SQL Server (32-bit)
(Applies to both 32-bit and 64-bit unless specified)
SQL Server DAC Object SQL Server 2012 SQL Server 2014
Databases per DAC 1 1
Objects per DAC Limited by the number of objects in a database, or available memory. Limited by the number of objects in a database, or available memory.
SQL Server Replication Objects
The following table specifies the maximum sizes and number of various objects defined in SQL Server Replication.
Maximum Sizes / Numbers SQL Server
(Applies to both 32-bit and 64-bit unless specified)
SQL Server Replication Object SQL Server 2012 SQL Server 2014
Articles (merge publication) 256 256
Articles (snapshot or transactional publication) 32,767 32,767
Columns in a table (merge publication) 246 246
Columns in a table (SQL Server snapshot or transactional publication) 1,000 1,000
Columns in a table (Oracle snapshot or transactional publication) 995 995
Bytes for a column used in a row filter (merge publication) 1,024 1,024
Bytes for a column used in a row filter (snapshot or transactional publication) 8,000 8,000
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TY - JOUR T1 - The link between medical conditions and fatal drownings in Canada: a 10-year cross-sectional analysis JF - Canadian Medical Association Journal JO - CMAJ SP - E637 LP - E644 DO - 10.1503/cmaj.211739 VL - 194 IS - 18 AU - Cody L. Dunne AU - Julia Sweet AU - Tessa Clemens Y1 - 2022/05/09 UR - _URL_ N2 - Background: Drowning accounts for hundreds of preventable deaths in Canada every year, but the impact of preexisting medical conditions on the likelihood of death from drowning is not known. We aimed to describe the prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions among people who fatally drowned in Canada and evaluate the risk of fatal drowning among people with common pre-existing medical conditions.Methods: We reviewed all Canadian unintentional fatal drownings (2007–2016) in the Drowning Prevention Research Centre Canada's database. For each fatal drowning we established whether the person had pre-existing medical conditions and whether those conditions contributed to the drowning. We calculated relative risk (RR) of fatal drowning stratified by age and sex for each pre-existing medical condition using data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System.Results: During 2007–2016, 4288 people fatally drowned unintentially in Canada, of whom one-third had a pre-existing medical condition. A pre-existing medical condition contributed to drowning in 43.6% (n = 616) of cases. Fatal drowning occurred more frequently in people with ischemic heart disease (RR 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5–3.0) and seizure disorders (RR 6.3, 95% CI 5.4–7.3) but less frequently in people with respiratory disease (RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.10–0.15). Females aged 20–34 years with a seizure disorder had a 23 times greater risk than their age- and sex-matched cohort (RR 23, 95% CI 14–39). In general, fatal drowning occurred more often while people were bathing (RR 5.9, 95% CI 4.8–7.0) or alone (RR 1.99, 95% CI 1.32–2.97) and less often in males (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88–0.95) or in those who had used alcohol (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.65–0.80), among those with pre-existing medical conditions.Interpretation: The risk of fatal drowning is increased in the presence of some preexisting medical conditions. Tailored interventions aimed at preventing drowning based on pre-existing medical conditions and age are needed. Initial prevention strategies should focus on seizure disorders and bathtub drownings. ER -


模拟节点
Through the use of Simulation Zones, 几何节点 can be used to create custom physic simulations through nodes. Simulation zones allow the result of one frame to influence the next one. That way even a set of simple rules can lead to complex results, with the passing of time. The most common type of them is physics simulation, with specific solvers for physical phenomena.
See also
Read more about Simulation Zones
烘焙
The simulation is automatically cached during playback. The valid cache can be seen as a strong yellow line in the timeline editor. This allows for animators to quickly inspect all the previous frames of a simulation.
../_images/modeling_geometry-nodes_simulation_baking_timeline.png
Cached frames in the Timeline.
When the result is ready to be sent to a render-farm, it can be baked to disk. This allows for the simulation to be rendered in a non-sequential order.
../_images/modeling_geometry-nodes_simulation_baking.png
Simulation and Physics, Geometry Nodes user interface.
Note
Baking the simulation will bake all the simulations in all modifiers for the selected objects.
计算至帧
Calculate simulations in geometry nodes modifiers from the start to current frame.
烘焙
Bake simulations in geometry nodes modifiers. In order to bake the simulation, the blend-file must be saved to your computer. The location the file is saved determines where the baked data is also saved. The directory the baked data is saved to can be changed per modifier in the Internal Dependencies.
删除缓存的模拟
Delete cached/baked simulations in geometry nodes modifiers
缓存
For the cases where the current frame is the only one relevant, users can opt-out of caching the results to save memory.
示例
Combined with the 最近编号, this can be used for a number of sphere-based simulations.
../_images/modeling_geometry-nodes_simulation_example.png
Index of Nearest sample file CC-BY Sean Christofferson.


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I define a macro as follows:
\newcommand{\abs}[1]{{#1}^{\sharp}}
But I realize that $a \abs{\sqcup} b$ is not exactly same as $a \sqcup^\sharp b$: The first one does not leave enough space between the operator and the operands.
Does anyone know how to amend the macro to make it a real binary operator in terms of spacing?
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2 Answers
up vote 10 down vote accepted
If you define
\newcommand\abs[1]{#1^\sharp}
the spacing will be inherited by the nature of #1; so
\abs{\sqcup}
will be spaced as a binary operator and
\abs{=}
will be spaced as a binary relation.
With you definition you get {\sqcup}^{\sharp} that's treated as an ordinary symbol.
Some detail
When one tries the input $a+^{\sharp}b^2\showlists$, the .log file will report
### math mode entered at line <line number>
\mathord
.\fam1 a
\mathbin
.\fam0 +
^\fam1 ]
\mathord
.\fam1 b
^\fam0 2
The \mathord and \mathbin lines tell what type of math atom TeX is analyzing. Every atom has three fields: the nucleus (represented by .), the superscript (represented by ^) and the subscript (represented by _).
Since + is defined to be a \mathbin atom, such type is reported. This atom has as nucleus the character + taken from family 0, and a superscript taken from family 1 (cmsy10 font in the default setting, where the slot usually occupied by ] has the "sharp" symbol).
If instead we say $a{+}^{\sharp}b\showlists$, the response is
### math mode entered at line <line number>
\mathord
.\fam1 a
\mathord
.\mathbin
..\fam0 +
^\fam1 ]
\mathord
.\fam1 b
The braces around a subformula tell TeX to treat the whole subformula as a \mathord atom; this atom has a nucleus formed by a \mathbin atom (at an inner level, represented by the two periods ..), but this would have consequences only for the typesetting of the subformula, not with respect to the "outer" level. The braced \mathord atom has a superscript atom as before.
This is only the first step in typesetting a formula. When TeX has determined all the atoms it has to typeset, it applies its rules about spacing; for example it inserts a medium space between \mathord and \mathbin atoms (I'll skip over some subtlety), but it never inserts spaces between two \mathord atoms (unless, of course, such a space has been explicitly specified by the user).
Note that it's the same as with \sqcup instead of +, since also this symbol is declared as a \mathbin atom.
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You can force it to be a bin atom using \mathbin:
 \newcommand{\abs}[1]{\mathbin{{#1}^{\sharp}}}
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Can anybody suggest an optimum algorithm for determining if two arrays are identical eg.,
I know that this can be solved using Arrays.sort but in that case the quicksort will be O(n logn). Again if we store the first list in a Hashtable then we will be using extra space as big as the array. Is there any solution that is both space and time efficient?
You mean if two arrays contain the same elements? That's a big difference.
I think first doing an Arrays.sort() and then an Arrays.equals() is your best option. It's simple, should be fast, and they are tried and tested methods.
It's impossible to say what space complexity they give, but I don't think they're in-place. Regardless, I think using these methods will be better than anything you or I can come up with without knowing exact speed and memory requirements.
Seetharaman Venkatasamy wrote:Use Hashtable. first insert elements that are in first array. and now loop through 2nd array and see this current element is there in Hashtable or not.
It's not quite that simple if there can be repeated values. If you can guarantee there aren't repeated values I'd throw both arrays in a HashSet and call Set.equals() to compare them.
If you can't, then I'd go with Stephan's approach (probably adding a check that the arrays are the same size first - if they aren't they can't be equal, and so there's no point wasting time) until it was proven that wasn't good enough for some specific reason.
Matthew Brown wrote:
It's not quite that simple if there can be repeated values.
Yeah.. you pointed out well. in that case what we can do is put the counter to 1 [key - element, value-count]. if you find the element again increase the count.
when you loop the second array if the current element is there in hashtable decrement it.. upon the job completion, iterate the hashtable and see if the element value has 0 counter else say not identical.
I did some very simple tests, and the choice between the hash and the sorting based approaches seems to strongly depend on whether you want to sort an int or an Integer (of course assuming all the elements are unique, otherwise the sort based approach is favored).
I added 10.000.000 unique integers to a list, shuffled it and then assigned all the integers to two different int objects in the same order. Then I started the test.
The sorting algorithm took around 2200 milliseconds to complete. The hashing algorithm took around 7000 milliseconds. The sorting algorithm was also consistently faster for smaller sets of data.
When I started with two Integer arrays, the tables were completely turned. The sorting algorithm seems to have a much harder time sorting objects than primitives. On my system the sorting algorithm took around 11.000 milliseconds, whereas the hash based approach took roughly 3500 milliseconds.
This is of course a worst-case scenario. I haven't tested the situation where the two sets of data are unequal. Here's the quick and dirty int test so you can get an idea of what I did:
Stephan van Hulst wrote:I added 1.000.000 unique integers to a list, shuffled it and then assigned all the integers to two different int objects in the same order. Then I started the test.
Interesting. Your results would tend to suggest that there's quite an overhead for boxing/unboxing.
_USER_: In answer to your initial question "Is there any solution that is both space and time efficient?", I would say that Arrays.sort() is likely to be the most space-efficient, since it sorts in place; however, in the process it also destroys your original data.
If the arrays are specifically integer arrays, and you're not worried about repeated values, another alternative might be to use a BitSet. It will be horribly space-hungry for small arrays; particularly if they contain large values, but for very large arrays, it may be quite efficient.
Yes, auto-boxing is fairly expensive. It should be noted though that the (quick-)sort on int primitives is still faster than the hashing on Integers. Merge-sort on Integer is significantly slower though, much more than the auto-boxing can account for. I don't know if this is a result of the difference between the quickand merge-sort algorithms, or that the merge-sort algorithm has to make calls to the compareTo() method.
I also corrected my last post a bit since you replied. I tested on 10.000.000 elements.
Because it is a test. It tests the methods testArrays() and testTables(). These two methods aren't supposed to know anything about the arrays passed to them (except that every element is unique), so they also don't know that the two arrays are already exactly the same.
The point is that the two arrays have the same elements, because this would constitute a worst-case-scenario: every element in the two arrays have to be inspected in order to find out whether the two arrays are really the same. This is to eliminate the possibility that either of the two proposed approaches terminates ahead of time. The downside is that this test says very little about the average-case-scenario.
The reason why I shuffled the first array was to make the difference between Arrays.sort(int) and Arrays.sort(T) more realistic. The merge-sort used for the generic case handles arrays that are already (almost) completely sorted much faster* than the quick-sort does for the primitive case. Shuffling the array gives merge-sort a realistic handicap. The reason why I *didn't* shuffle the second array, is because it in fact doesn't matter that the two arrays have the same order, as long as they're shuffled in the first place.
*: Faster in terms of time complexity. Not necessarily absolute speed.


Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria
The Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria introduces you to the most exciting archaeological finds and excavations in Bulgaria. Archaeology in Bulgaria encompasses the history of ancient Greece and Rome, the Thracians and the Varna culture dating back 8000 years.
archaeological tour bulgaria plovdiv
Visit ancient Philipopolis
The archaeological tour is a journey of discovery through layers of history that are still be unravelled. All the Mediterranean civilisations have left their mark on the lands now called Bulgaria: Romans, Greeks, Thracians and a much more ancient civilisation dating back over 8000 years, called the Varna culture that predates Sumer.
The tour can be lead by a classics or archaeological professor and supported by a local historical tour guide. It is usually 8 days but can be extended to 12 days. It is available from April to October.
The Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria is tailored to your personal preferences. On the basis of our experience of organising archaeological tours in Bulgaria we would recommend visiting:
 1. Sofia the ancient Roman Serdika where new excavations of the Roman garrison have been beautifully and controversially restored.
 2. Plovdiv known in ancient times as Philippopolis is at the cross-roads of the Via Diagonalis that connects East to West, Asia to Europe and just north of the Via Egnatia.
 3. Kazanluk is famous for the beautiful UNESCO World Heritage Thracian tomb with stunning frescoes of a couple.
 4. Perperikon is a huge and unexplained ritual site in the enchanted Rhodope mountains of Orpheus.
 5. Villa Armira is one of the best example of a Roman villa outside Italy with stunning mosaics.
 6. Sozopol on the Black sea coast was known as Apollonia Magna, an ancient Greek settlement that traded goods with the Thracians inland.
 7. Nesebar known as Mesemvria was a rival Greek colony and is now a beautiful UNESCO World Heritage site.
 8. Pomorie is mysterious piece of Thracian architecture shaped like the Tree of Life.
 9. Varna formerly Odessos is home to the remains of the Varna culture.
 10. Kabile is a recently excavated Roman settlement.
 11. Stara Zagora was known as Augusta Traiana in Roman and Beroe previously. It has many layers of history and its Roman amphitheatre has been restored.
 12. Nicopolis ad Istrum: A huge late Roman town in the Danube plain that is still being excavated.
During your journey you will hear of stories of Dionysus, Heros the Thracian horseman and Orpheus and the legends of nymphs and maenads.
archaeological tour bulgaria plovdiv
The Roman stadium in Plovdiv
Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria information
The Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria can be adapted to your personal preferences, time and budget.
Location: Bulgaria: Sofia, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora, Nesebar, Varna.
Time: 8 days
Itinerary: Arrival and departure in Sofia
Accommodation: 3 and 4 star hotels
Food: Full-board breakfasts, lunches and dinners included.
Price: around EUR 800 per person with discounts for children
Season: From April to October
Excluded: drinks, travel insurance,
More information and photos of the Archaeologicical Tour of Bulgaria.
As a tailor-made tour we offer options to tailor the journey to your personal interests. The Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria can be adapted and extended to include:
 - Ruse and the Sveshtari Thracian tomb
 - Vratsa and the Rogazen treasure
 - Edirne the historical Ottoman city in Western Turkey
 - Thessaloniki in Northern Greece
 - Narrow-gauge train ride and a train ride with an old fashioned locomotive
 - We can combine it with the Classical Tour of Thrace that encompasses Northern Greece and Western Turkey
product image
5 based on 2 votes
JMB Travel Bulgaria
Archaeological Tour of Bulgaria
EUR 800
Pre-Order Only


text:
Submitted by iowa_connection in Food and Agriculture
Create an Annual Richmond, IN Edible Cityscape Event: Plant Apple, Peach or other fruit trees!!!
Have a local non-profit such as Trees Forever or Sierra Club host a one hour workshop on "How to Plant and Care for Fruit Trees." Have the non-profit purchase Fruit Trees at wholesale (approximately $7 each for good sized trees). Sell the trees as a fundraiser in conjunction with the planting workshop for $15 each.
Solicit donations from corporations, individuals, foundations as sponsors to ensure some trees are available for free as well as ensuring a profitable fund raiser!
Encourage everyone to plant at least two trees and to share harvests with neighbors and friends.
Trees to consider: Honeycrisp Apples, Elberta Queen Peaches, Cherry, Linden trees and Mountain Ash -- all useful and edible species. Make free trees available for non-profit organizations.
If people don't have a place for a tree, encourage them to adopt a tree! They can be part of a community orchard with picking privileges!
Trees are leafy umbrellas on hot Indiana summer days. Trees are habitat for birds and bugs, all kinds! Trees inhale carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen for us all to breathe. Trees are hardy water reservoirs, purifying and transpiring up to 2,000 gallons/day that later falls as rain! Trees make great windbreaks and can even help reduce energy costs if placed properly on the land. And, they even have sweet treats......


text:
A new editorial in PLoS medicine suggests five ways how trust in publications can be reestablished:
First, editors themselves should recognize and declare their own competing interests.
Second, noncommercial interests held by editors, reviewers, and authors (such as personal relationships, rivalries, lobbyist activities) must be acknowledged and declared […]
Third, the issue of ghostwriting of scientific papers must be tackled, particularly when it involves studies on drugs and devicesâ€"the editors propose that journals develop detailed authorship policies in order to combat ghostwriting.
Fourth, mechanisms to control outcome reporting bias should be developed, including requiring copies of study protocols and comparing them against submitted papers.
Finally, editors should â€œ…base their decisions on the importance of the underlying research question, and not on the headline potential of actual resultsâ€ in order to prevent reporting bias.
So, that's a good starting point for editors – but what are the five ways to five ways for authors to reestablish trust in publication?


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Amdahl's Law
Definition of Amdahl's Law
Amdahl's Law, named after computer architect Gene Amdahl, is a formula used to estimate the performance improvement potential of a computing system when only a portion of the system is optimized. It states that the overall speedup is limited by the fraction of the task that cannot be improved, even as the efficiency of the optimized components increases. In short, Amdahl's Law provides a theoretical limitation on the maximum performance gain achievable through parallelization or optimization in a computing system.
Phonetic
The phonetic pronunciation of Amdahl's Law is: æm-dɑl(z) lɔ
Key Takeaways
 1. Amdahl's Law provides a formula to determine the maximum improvement in a system's performance due to parallelization or optimization of a particular component.
 2. It highlights the importance of addressing the slowest or least optimized components in a system, because the overall speedup of a system is limited by the time taken by the slowest component.
 3. Amdahl's Law emphasizes that it becomes increasingly difficult to achieve significant performance improvements with parallelization, once a certain level of optimization has been reached, as the serial, non-optimizable portion of the system will become the performance bottleneck.
Importance of Amdahl's Law
Amdahl's Law is an essential principle in the field of computer architecture and parallel computing, as it provides a fundamental limit on the extent to which a computational task can be sped up by adding more processors.
Named after computer scientist Gene Amdahl, it suggests that a system's overall performance improvement is bound by the fraction of its non-parallelizable portion, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of task parallelism during a system's design.
This law highlights the diminishing returns of increasing parallelism, guiding engineers, and researchers to optimize multi-core architectures and software applications, ensuring efficient allocation of resources and effective usage of processing power.
Explanation
Amdahl's Law, proposed by Gene Amdahl in 1967, serves as a valuable tool to predict the maximum improvement achievable in a computing system when only a portion of it is enhanced. Its primary purpose is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the performance limitations in any optimization effort as well as to highlight the importance of addressing the bottlenecks in a computing process. The law assists in evaluating the potential benefits of incorporating parallel processing or improving specific parts of a system.
By assessing this performance improvement, system designers and engineers can make well-informed decisions on allocating resources and improving the specific parts of an infrastructure, providing optimal enhancements to the overall system's functionality. In practical terms, Amdahl's Law allows IT professionals to concentrate on the system's most time-consuming elements to achieve the most significant enhancements. The law emphasizes how focusing on the system's slowest section yields the best possible outcome in terms of performance.
Furthermore, it suggests that there is diminishing return on investment in improving a particular subsystem beyond a certain point. Amdahl's Law also helps researchers and developers recognize the importance of creating scalable solutions that can efficiently leverage multiple processing units to achieve optimal results in an increasingly parallel computing environment. Overall, Amdahl's Law plays an essential role in understanding, evaluating, and optimizing computing performance, helping designers and engineers to develop efficient systems that can meet ever-evolving technological requirements.
Examples of Amdahl's Law
Amdahl's Law is a principle that states the maximum speedup achievable for a computing task by improving a specific subsystem or portion of the task. It is commonly used to estimate the overall performance improvement of a computing system when one of its parts is upgraded or optimized. Here are three real-world examples of Amdahl's Law in action:
Parallel Computing:Parallel computing involves executing tasks concurrently on multiple processors, with the aim of speeding up computation. Amdahl's Law can be applied to estimate the maximum speedup that could be achieved by dividing the task into smaller, parallelizable subtasks. In this context, Amdahl's Law helps to determine how much of a performance boost can be gained with a given number of processors.For example, if 60% of a program can be parallelized, and the remaining 40% must remain sequential, Amdahl's Law would show that even with an infinite number of processors, the maximum achievable speedup is only
5 times that of the original program.
Graphics Processing:Modern GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) have been designed to perform data-parallel operations simultaneously across hundreds or thousands of threads. Amdahl's Law can be applied in the context of optimizing graphics performance for gaming or multimedia applications.For instance, consider a video game that relies on both a CPU and a GPU for rendering graphics, with 80% of the rendering tasks being offloaded to the GPU. If only the GPU is upgraded to a significantly more powerful version, the maximum achievable speedup would be limited by the 20% of the workload handled by the CPU.
Cloud Computing:Amdahl's Law is also applicable in cloud computing, where multiple virtual machines or instances are used to distribute computing tasks. By applying Amdahl's Law, system architects and developers can estimate the maximum speedup that can be achieved by increasing the number of instances and optimizing the workload distribution.For example, a cloud-based web application might have 70% of its tasks distributed across several instances, while 30% of the work is still centralized on a single instance. In this case, Amdahl's Law can help determine the diminishing returns gained by adding more instances to tackle that 70% of parallel tasks since the 30% portion remains a bottleneck.
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Amdahl's Law FAQ
What is Amdahl's Law?
Amdahl's Law is a principle that describes the performance improvement of a computing system when a portion of the system is enhanced. It was first defined by Gene Amdahl in 1967 and helps designers understand the limitations and potential benefits of parallel processing and system upgrades.
How is Amdahl's Law represented mathematically?
Amdahl's Law can be represented mathematically as follows: S = 1 / [(1 – P) + (P / N)], where S is the speedup of the system, P represents the proportion of the program that can be parallelized, and N represents the number of processors or computing resources used.
What are the key takeaways from Amdahl's Law?
The key takeaways from Amdahl's Law are that parallelization can greatly improve the performance of a system, but there is a limit to these improvements due to the sequential portion of a program, and that increasing the number of processors may not always lead to significant performance improvements, especially if the parallelizable portion is small.
What are the factors that affect Amdahl's Law?
There are three key factors that affect Amdahl's Law: the proportion of the program that can be parallelized (P), the number of processors or computing resources used (N), and the efficiency of the parallelized portion's execution.
How can Amdahl's Law be used to make decisions about system upgrades?
Amdahl's Law can be used to evaluate the potential impact of system upgrades on performance. By estimating the values of P, N, and other relevant parameters, system designers can make informed decisions about the cost-benefit analysis of investing in additional parallel processing resources or other upgrades.
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Related Technology Terms
 - Parallel Computing
 - Speedup
 - Scalability
 - Concurrency
 - Processor Performance
Sources for More Information
 - Wikipedia (_URL_
 - GeeksforGeeks (_URL_
 - ScienceDirect (_URL_
 - Baeldung (_URL_
Table of Contents


text:
Thursday , March 06, 2014 - 12:41 PM
The American Civil Liberties Union is bringing national attention to a growing issue in the privacy vs. safety debate. According to a report released by the organization, law enforcement agencies around the country are using license plate readers to record the movements of everyday Americans.
This issue is not new to Utah, which is in fact ahead of the curve, as far as limiting access to this data is concerned.
The debate over license plate scanners began in early 2012 after the Drug Enforcement Administration proposed installing some in Southern Utah along Interstate 15 for the purpose of catching drug traffickers. This spurred a debate in the Utah Legislature over the ethical use of the scanners and the massive amounts of data they collect.
The license-plate readers, which police typically mount along major roadways or on the backs of cruisers, can identify vehicles almost instantly and compare them against "hot lists" of cars that have been stolen or involved in crimes. Ogden is among cities that have used the scanners.
But the systems collect records on every license plate they encounter — whether or not they are on hot lists — meaning time and location data are gathered in databases that can be searched by police. Some departments purge information after a few weeks, some after a few months and some never, said the report, which warns that such data could be abused by authorities and chill freedom of speech and association.
Sen. Todd Weiler, R-Woods Cross, spearheaded legislation to limit government access to the data collected by scanners.
The law states that government agencies can only keep the data for a maximum of 90 days and that a specific record can only be accessed with a court order.
Utah is one of five states to have legislation that places limits on the data. The ACLU's report says there is little to no oversight in other states for the use of records collected by scanners.
"We're better off than 45 other states," said Marina Lowe, legislative council for the ACLU's Utah branch.
Lowe said although the state has made progress with the legislation, more should be done.
"The state needs to go further and limit the amount of time," Lowe said, mentioning that the 90 days the records are kept on file is too long. New Hampshire's law requires that data be kept for less than 30 days, which Lowe said is an acceptable time.
Utah's law enforcement agencies have argued that the license plate readers are an invaluable tool and that limiting their use and access is the wrong way to go.
Police said they've recovered stolen vehicles using license plate readers and can immediately flag unregistered or uninsured motorists. Utah sheriffs have told legislators that scanner information kept for long periods can help solve homicides or kidnappings.
"We'd like to be able to keep the data as long as possible, because it does provide a rich and enduring data set for investigations down the line," said David Roberts, senior program manager for the Technology Center of the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
But the ACLU argues that data collection by most police departments is unnecessarily broad. In an analysis of data collected in Maryland, the report found that license plate readers recorded the locations of vehicle plates 85 million times in 2012.
Based on a partial-year analysis of that data, the ACLU found that about one in 500 plates registered hits. In the overwhelming majority of cases, it said, the alleged offenses were minor, involving lapsed registrations or failures to comply with the state's emission-control program.
For each million plates read in Maryland, 47 were associated with serious crimes, such as a stolen vehicle or a wanted person, the report said. Statistics collected by the ACLU in several other jurisdictions around the country also found hit rates far below 1 percent of license plates read.
Maryland officials have defended their program, which collects data from departments across the state in a fusion center, which shares intelligence among federal, state and local agencies. In a recent three-month period, state officials said, license plate readers contributed to 860 serious traffic citations and the apprehension of 180 people for crimes, including stolen autos or license plates.
The center deletes the data one year after they are collected, in what officials said was a compromise between investigative needs and privacy rights.
"We don't want to retain more information … than is necessary," said Harvey Eisenberg, an assistant U.S. attorney who oversees Maryland's Anti-Terrorism Advisory Council. "You strike the balance, because people are legitimately concerned."
The license plate readers are also widely used in Washington and the Virginia suburbs, where they are mounted on many of the major roadways entering and leaving the city.
Private companies also are using license-plate-reading technology to build databases, typically to help in repossessing cars.
The Associated Press and Washington Post contributed to this story.
Sign up for e-mail news updates.


Export Contents
Suppose, you are editing a PSD file created in Photoshop and need to edit a smart object it contains. Since the "Edit Smart Object" command can't do this, you will need a workaround.
 1. Select the smart object in the Layers panel.
 2. In the Effects panel, double-click the "Export Contents" thumbnail.
 3. In the "Save" dialog that opens, choose a destination folder, file name (let it be "sample.psd") and click "Save".
 So, you have saved the smart object's contents as a separate PSD file.
 4. Now open the exported file "sample.psd" (File > Open), edit it as needed and save the file (File > Save).
 5. Choose the initial document, the "sample.psd" has been exported from.
 6. Make sure that the smart object is selected in the Layers palette and apply the "Replace Contents" effect.
 7. In the "Place" dialog that appears, browse to the "sample.psd" file and click "Place".
 Thus we have replaced the original smart object with a modified copy.
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Exporting smart object contents to external file