text:
The Honey Foundation's vision is to live in a world dedicated to kindness. The youth are our future and if we educate them about Life skills through kindness, we can teach the youth that being kind leads to happiness and success in life. The Kindness Education Program was developed to teach students the importance of performing acts of kindness along with basic life skills, such as positive self-esteem, confidence, effective communication, positive thinking, leadership, philanthropy and community. Results this far indicate that the program has increased the sense of safety and security at the schools, as well as improved student participation, confidence, leadership and positive relationships. Our dream is to be able to share our Kindness Education Program with every school around the world! By providing schools around the world with this program, our dream will come true---a world dedicated to kindness!
It's our mission to make the world a better place, one kind act a time, spreading compassion and generosity across the globe. Kindness is contagious, and it can bee fun, too. That's why The Honey Foundation features interactive ways to track good deeds and watch as one kind action multiplies into a global movement of love and brotherhood.


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Enhanced ObservableCollection with ability to delay or disable notifications
, 29 Jan 2013 CPOL
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Implements delayed or disabled INotifyCollectionChanged.
Introduction
MSDN describes ObservableCollection as a dynamic data collection which provides notifications when items get added, removed, or when the whole list is refreshed.
ObservableCollection is fully bindable. It implements both INotifyPropertyChanged and INotifyCollectionChanged, so whenever the collection is changed, appropriate notification events are fired off immediately and bound objects are notified and updated.
This scenario works in most cases but sometimes it would be beneficial to postpone notifications until later or temporarily disable them all together. For example, until a batch update is finished. This notification delay could increase performance as well as eliminate screen flicker of updated visuals. Unfortunately, the default implementation of ObservableCollection does not provide this functionality.
ObservableCollectionEx is designed to provide this missing functionality. ObservableCollectionEx is designed as a direct replacement for ObservableCollection, is completely code compatible with it, and also provides a way to delay or disable notifications.
Background
In order to postpone notifications, we have to temporarily reroute them to a holding place and fire them all once delay is no longer required. At the same time, we need to continue to provide normal behavior and notifications for other consumers of the collection which do not require delay.
This could be achieved by providing multiple shells which manipulate the same collection. One instance of the shell will contain the element's container and be a host for all of the notification events, and other instances of the shell will handle disabled and delayed events. These extra shells reference the same container but instead of firing change events they will collect these events and fire them once shell is released.
The ObservableCollection implementation is based on a Collection class which implements ICollection manipulation and ObservableCollection implements notifications. The Collection class is implemented as a shell around the IList interface. It contains a reference to a container which exposes the IList and manipulates this container through it. One of the constructors of the Collection class takes List as a parameter and allows this list to be a container for that Collection. This creates a way to have multiple Collection instances to manipulate the same container, which perfectly serves our purpose.
Unfortunately, this ability is lost in the ObservableCollection implementation. Instead of assigning IList to be a container for the instance, it creates a copy of that List and uses that copy to store elements. This limitation prevents us from inheriting from the ObservableCollection class.
ObservableCollectionEx is based on a Collection class (same as bservableCollection), and implements exactly the same methods and properties as ObservableCollection
In addition to these members, ObservableCollectionEx exposes two methods to create disabled or delayed notification shells around the container. Methods of the shell created by DisableNotifications() produce no notifications on either INotifyPropertyChanged or INotifyCollectionChanged.
Calls to the methods of the shell created by DelayNorifications() produce no notifications until this instance goes out of scope or IDisposable.Dispose() has been called on it.
How it works
Except for a few performance tricks, ObservableCollectionEx behaves exactly as the ObservableCollection class. It uses Collection to perform its operations, notifies consumers via INotifyPropertyChanged and INotifyCollectionChanged, and creates a copy of the List if you pass it to a constructor.
The differences starts when the DelayNotifications() or DisableNotifications() methods are called. This method creates a new instance of the ObservableCollectionEx object and passes its constructor a reference to the original ObservableCollectionEx object, and the Boolean parameter that specifies if notifications are disabled or postponed. This new instance will have the same interface as the original, the same element's container, but none of the consumer handlers attached to the CollectionChanged event. So when methods of this instance are called and events are fired, none of these are going anywhere but to temporary storage.
Once updates are done, and either this instance goes out of scope or Dispose() has been called, all of the collected events are combined into one and fired on CollectionChanged and PropertyChanged of the original object notifying all of the consumers about changes.
Implementation
Generally there are two ways to implement notification delays: Subclass ObservableCollection or create Extension Method which operates on regular ObservableCollection. Creating extension method is attractive. It would allow adding delays to any observable collection without much code modifications.
But there are price to pay. In order for us to create desired behaviour we require access to two private members of the ObservableCollection class: List collection and PropertyChanged event. Using Reflection we could get to these members but it would not be very elegant solution. It would not be the fastest approach either.
Because of these reasons I've chosen to implement delays by inheriting from ObservableCollection.
Using the code
The easiest way to include this class into your project is by installing the Nuget package available at this link.
ObservableCollectionEx should be used exactly as ObservableCollection. It could be instantiated and used in place of ObservableCollection, or it could be derived from it. No special treatment is required.
In order to postpone notifications, it is recommended to use the using() directive:
ObservableCollectionEx<T> target = new ObservableCollectionEx<T>();
using (ObservableCollectionEx<T> iDelayed = target.DelayNotifications())
{
 iDelayed.Add(item0);
 iDelayed.Add(item0);
 iDelayed.Add(item0);
}
Due to the design of notification arguments, it is not possible to combine different operations together. For example, it is not possible to Add and Remove elements on the same delayed instance unless Dispose() has been called in between these calls. Calling Dispose() will fire previously collected events and reinitialize operation.
ObservableCollectionEx<T> target = new ObservableCollectionEx<T>();
using (ObservableCollectionEx<T> iDelayed = target.DelayNotifications())
{
 iDelayed.Add(item0);
 iDelayed.Add(item0);
}
using (ObservableCollectionEx<T> iDelayed = target.DelayNotifications())
{
 iDelayed.Remove(item0);
 iDelayed.Remove(item0);
}
using (ObservableCollectionEx<T> iDelayed = target.DelayNotifications())
{
 iDelayed.Add(item0);
 iDelayed.Add(item0);
 iDelayed.Dispose();
 iDelayed.Remove(item0);
 iDelayed.Remove(item0);
}
Performance
In general, both ObservableCollection and ObservableCollectionEx provide comparable performance. Testing has been done using an array of 10,000 unique objects. Both ObservableCollection and ObservableCollectionEx where initialized with this array to pre allocate storage so it is not affecting timing results. Application has been run about dozen times to let JIT to optimize the executable before the test results were collected.
The test consisted of 10,000 Add, Replace, and Remove operations. Timing has been collected using the Stopwatch class and presented in milliseconds.
ObservableCollectionEx/ObservableCollectionEx.png
The value on the left represents the number of milliseconds it took to complete the test (Add, Replace, and Remove). The value on the bottom specifies the number of notification subscribers (handlers added to the CollectionChanged event).
As you can see from the graph, the performance of the interface with disabled notifications does not depend on the subscribers. Due to several performance enhancements, ObservableCollectionEx performs slightly better than ObservableCollection regardless of the number of subscribers but it obviously loses the Disabled interface once there is more than one subscriber.
The performance of ObservableCollectionEx when notifications are delayed is different compared to the results described above. Since notification is called only once, it saves some time but it requires some extra processing to unwind saved notifications. Time spent on notifications for ObservableCollection and ObservableCollectionEx are described by the following equitation:
ObservableCollection: overhead = (n * a) + (n * b)
ObservableCollectionEx: overhead = a + c + (n * b)
Where a is a constant overhead required to execute notification, n is number of changed elements, b is the cost of redrawing each individual element, and c the overhead required to execute delayed notification.
ObservableCollectionEx/DelayedPerformance.png
The value on the left represents the time required to complete notifications. The value on the bottom specifies the number of changed elements.
In these equations, values a and c are constants


Re: Normal Forms and BCNF
From: Jan Hidders <>
Date: 13 Nov 2002 18:14:05 +0100
Message-ID: <3dd2885d$>
Kasp wrote:
> (Jan Hidders) wrote in message
>> Kasp wrote:
>> >Hi,
>> >I am a little confused with Normal Forms and BCNF.
>> >I have some relations and I am trying to determine it's normal form. I
>> >also need to decompose it to BCNF forms...Any help would be
>> >appreciated.
>> We don't just simply give answers here because that way you wouldn't learn
>> anything. But if you tell us what you do and do not understand of the
>> definitions of the normal forms and the procedures to obtain them, we will
>> be glad to give you some hints about what it is your instructor tried to
>> tell you.
>I have read the book. But I can't get started on even one question.
>How do I go about it?
>I find it pretty easy to understand with book examples...but Amake it cryptic. Can you please explain how to do any one?
That wouldn't be very instructive.
Here are the steps that need to be performed: 1. From the FDs you have to derive the candidate keys. 2. Then you check if given these derived candidate keys there is a
 dependency that violates the 2NF.
3. If it does then you split this dependency off into another relation. 4. You repeat 2. and 3. for all the resulting relations until there are no more
 violations of 2NF.
After this you repeat 2, 3 and 4 for subsequently the 3NF and BCNF.
Let's start with step 1. So what does the book say about deriving candidate keys? Does it tell you what they are? Does it tell you how to derive them? Received on Wed Nov 13 2002 - 18:14:05 CET
Original text of this message


Write Scripts for the mongo Shell
The following document pertains to the mongo shell included in the MongoDB Server Download. For information on the new MongoDB Shell, mongosh, refer to the mongosh Documentation.
To understand the differences between the two shells, see Comparison of the mongo Shell and mongosh.
You can write scripts for the mongo shell in JavaScript that manipulate data in MongoDB or perform administrative operation.
This tutorial provides an introduction to writing JavaScript that uses the mongo shell to access MongoDB.
From the mongo shell or from a JavaScript file, you can instantiate database connections using the Mongo() constructor:
new Mongo()
new Mongo()
new Mongo()
Consider the following example that instantiates a new connection to the MongoDB instance running on localhost on the default port and sets the global db variable to myDatabase using the getDB() method:
conn = new Mongo();
db = conn.getDB("myDatabase");
If connecting to a MongoDB instance that enforces access control, you can use the db.auth() method to authenticate.
Additionally, you can use the connect() method to connect to the MongoDB instance. The following example connects to the MongoDB instance that is running on localhost with the non-default port 27020 and set the global db variable:
db = connect("localhost:27020/myDatabase");
See also:
Starting in version 4.2, mongo shell provides the method isInteractive() that returns a boolean indicating whether the mongo shell is running in interactive or script mode.
When writing scripts for the mongo shell, consider the following:
 - To set the db global variable, use the getDB() method or the connect() method. You can assign the database reference to a variable other than db.
 - Write operations in the mongo shell use a write concern of { w: 1 } by default. If performing bulk operations, use the Bulk() methods. See Write Method Acknowledgements for more information.
 - You cannot use any shell helper (e.g. use , show dbs, etc.) inside the JavaScript file because they are not valid JavaScript.
 The following table maps the most common mongo shell helpers to their JavaScript equivalents.
 Shell Helpers
 JavaScript Equivalents
 show dbs, show databases
 use
 db = db.getSiblingDB('')
 show collections
 show users
 show roles
 db.getRoles({showBuiltinRoles: true})
 show log
 db.adminCommand({ 'getLog' : '' })
 show logs
 db.adminCommand({ 'getLog' : '*' })
 cursor = db.collection.find()
 if ( cursor.hasNext() ){;
 - In interactive mode, mongo prints the results of operations including the content of all cursors. In scripts, either use the JavaScript print() function or the mongo specific printjson() function which returns formatted JSON.
 To print all items in a result cursor in mongo shell scripts, use the following idiom:
 cursor = db.collection.find();
 while ( cursor.hasNext() ) {
 printjson( );
From the system prompt, use mongo to evaluate JavaScript.
Use the --eval option to mongo to pass the shell a JavaScript fragment, as in the following:
mongo test --eval "printjson(db.getCollectionNames())"
This returns the output of db.getCollectionNames() using the mongo shell connected to the mongod or mongos instance running on port 27017 on the localhost interface.
You can specify a.js file to the mongo shell, and mongo will execute the JavaScript directly. Consider the following example:
mongo localhost:27017/test myjsfile.js
This operation executes the myjsfile.js script in a mongo shell that connects to the test database on the mongod instance accessible via the localhost interface on port 27017.
Alternately, you can specify the mongodb connection parameters inside of the javascript file using the Mongo() constructor. See Opening New Connections for more information.
You can execute a.js file from within the mongo shell, using the load() function, as in the following:
This function loads and executes the myjstest.js file.
The load() method accepts relative and absolute paths. If the current working directory of the mongo shell is /data/db, and the myjstest.js resides in the /data/db/scripts directory, then the following calls within the mongo shell would be equivalent:
There is no search path for the load() function. If the desired script is not in the current working directory or the full specified path, mongo will not be able to access the file.
Give Feedback
On this page
 - Opening New Connections
 - Differences Between Interactive and Scripted mongo
 - Scripting


text:
Mitral and Aortic Annular Calcification Are Highly Associated With Systemic Calcified Atherosclerosis
This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.
Background— Atherosclerosis has been implicated as a cause of valvular calcification. The aim of this study was to determine whether atherosclerotic calcification in multiple vascular areas is significantly associated with aortic or mitral annular calcification independent of traditional risk factors.
Methods and Results— A total of 1242 consecutive asymptomatic patients free of clinical coronary heart disease were studied by electron-beam computed tomography for the extent of calcium due to atherosclerosis in 5 distinct vascular beds and calcium in the aortic and mitral annuli. Nearly 24% had calcium in the aortic annulus, whereas 8% were found to have mitral annular calcification. Age and a history of hypertension were the only traditional cardiovascular risk factors that were independently associated with prevalent calcification in the aortic and mitral annuli. After adjustment for age, gender, and cardiovascular disease risk factors, subjects with calcium in the thoracic aorta had the highest odds for the presence of aortic annular calcium (OR=3.9, P<0.01), whereas those with calcium in the abdominal aorta had the highest odds for mitral annular calcification (OR=5.1, P=0.01). Standardized increases in calcium in the abdominal aorta (OR=2.0, P<0.01) and iliacs (OR=1.8, P=0.01) were significantly associated with calcium in the aortic annulus after adjustment for the extent of calcium in the other vascular beds, whereas the thoracic aorta was significantly associated (OR=1.4, P=0.02) with calcium in the mitral annulus.
Conclusions— This study supports the hypothesis that calcification of the mitral and aortic annuli is related to atherosclerosis in other vascular beds.
Received March 29, 2005; revision received November 28, 2005; accepted November 30, 2005.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


What is an iad in the military
What does the abbreviation IAD stand for?
IADWashington, DC, USA – WashingtonDulles International (Airport Code)
IADIt's a Date
IADImmediate Action Directive
IADInformation Access and Delivery
What does MLAT stand for in the military?
Multilateral Airborne Training
What is a Dor in the military?
Drop On Request, Military acronym for a cadet applying for "voluntary resignation". (
What does OTC mean in the military?
Officers' Training Corps
Why is it called Dulles Airport?
Dulles International Airport was named for the late Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and was formally dedicated by President John F. Kennedy on November 17, 1962 (the airport was renamed Washington Dulles International Airport in 1984).
What does IAD stand for in finance?
Interest Accrual Date
What is MLAT in aviation?
Multilateration ( MLAT ) Overview Using MLAT, FlightAware can take the aircraft's transponder-provided identification and altitude, then determine the latitude/longitude, and provide real-time flight tracking.
What does Charlie Tango Foxtrot mean?
Whiskey Tango Foxtrot may refer to: the expression "what the fuck", using the NATO phonetic alphabet. Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (film), a 2016 film starring Tina Fey.
What does Hotel Sierra mean?
Whats Dor stand for?
DOR — Date Of Release. DOR — Declaration of Readiness to Proceed. DOR — Division of Responsibility. DOR — Department Of Revenue. DOR — Directorate of Resources.
You might be interested: What is 2045 in military time
Does Air Force have OCS?
If you join the Air Force with a college degree already in hand, you'll begin your career with Officer Training School. This rigorous, nine-and-a-half-week program is organized into four phases designed to challenge you both mentally and physically.
What does OCS mean in the military?
Officer Candidate School


When UTF8 != UTF8
Problem
Recently I encountered a problem with umlauts in file names. I had to read names from a directory and find and update the appropriate entry in the database. So if I had a file named hund.pdf (Hund is German for dog) I had to find the corresponding record in the database and attach the file. Almost all files went smooth but the ones with umlauts failed all.
Certainly an encoding problem I thought. So I converted the string to UTF-8 before querying. Again the query returned an empty result set. So I read up on the various configuration options for JDBC, Oracle and Active Record (it is a JRuby on Rails based web app). I tried them all starting with nls_language and ending with temporary setting the locale. No luck.
Querying the database with a hard coded string containing umlauts worked. Both strings even printed on the console looked identically.
So last but not least I compared the string from the file name with a hard coded one: they weren't equal. Looking at the bytes a strange character combination was revealed \204\136. What's that? UTF8 calls this a combining diaeresis. What's that? In UTF8 you can encode umlauts with their corresponding characters or use a combination of the character without an umlaut and the combining diaeresis. So 'ä' becomes 'a\204\136′.
Solution
The solution is to normalize the string. In (J)Ruby you can achieve this in the following way:
string = string.mb_chars.normalize.to_s
And in Java this would be:
string = Normalizer.normalize(string, Normalizer.Form.NFKC)
Ruby uses NFKC (or kc for short) as a default and suggests this for databases and validations.
Lesson learned: So the next time you encounter encoding problems look twice it might be in the right encoding but with the wrong bytes.
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2 Responses to When UTF8 != UTF8
 1. ppp says:
 That has nothing to do with utf-8
 - jenslukowski says:
 Yes, it is not specific to UTF-8. UTF-8 is just the instance we encountered of several encodings which have these problems.
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text:
Abstract P225: Association Between Perfluoralkyl Acids and Self-Reported Stroke or Cerebral Vascular Accident
PFCs are a class of man-made compounds developed after WWII for use as plasticizers, wetting agents, and as emulsifiers during industrial manufacturing processes. Several lines of research suggest a direct and indirect role for PFCs in stroke and stroke outcome, including: detection in human brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid and relationships to conditions known to affect stroke, including: homocysteine and blood pressure, thyroid function; immune function, and hypercholesterolemia. The C8 Health Project resulted from a pre-trial settlement of the class action lawsuit filed after PFOA was found to have infiltrated several local drinking water supplies along the mid-Ohio River valley. Final enrollment totaled 69,030 participants. We tested the hypothesis that PFCs were associated with self-reported stroke or cerebral vascular accident. The primary independent variables of interest were the serum concentrations (ng/mL) of 7 different PFCs (PFHxA, PFHS, PFHpA, PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA), partitioned into age and gender-specific quintiles. Covariates included in this analyses were: demographic; lifestyle / modifiable risk factors; and medical risk factors. We did not include race as a covariate (≥97% of C8 Health Project participants self-identified as white). The primary dependent variable of interest was self-reported stroke or cerebral vascular accident. In univariate analysis (ANOVA), PFHpA and PFOS levels were higher in participants with Stroke/CVA, but PFNA was lower in participants with Stroke/CVA. Results from logistic regression analysis are presented. For four of seven chemicals included in the analysis, there were statistically significant associations with prevalent Stroke/CVA. PFHxA was associated with increased prevalence of Stroke/CVA, whereas PFHS, PFOS, and PFNA were associated with a decreased prevalence of Stroke/CVA. Thus, results from this preliminary analysis support an associations between PFCs and prevalent Stroke/CVA that warrant further, more rigorous investigation.
Author Disclosures: S.J. Frisbee: None.
- © 2014 by American Heart Association, Inc.


text:
Putah Creek, running from Lake Berryessa in the Blue Ridge Mountains to Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area acts as a divider between Yolo and Solano County. Once a vibrant source of habitat for a variety of organism with miles of riparian forests, floodplains, and wetlands, it now is a dammed and controlled creek with the main purpose of providing water to the public and private agricultural lands. The main goal of our design is to create a viable wildlife corridor that connects the coastal mountains to yolo bypass and allows access and movement for migrant deer and other focal species. The intent of our design is to increase human involvement along the creek through recreational and educational opportunities while also catering to the needs of our six focal species, the California Ground Squirrel, Osprey, Chinook Salmon, Giant Garter Snake, Mule Deer, and the American Beaver. To gain a better understanding of key features along the greenway, an emphasis was placed on the three distinct reaches of the creek. Reach 1, extending from Stevenson Bridge Road to the North/South Fork split, Reach 2, the northern fork of Putah Creek, and Reach 3, the southern fork of Putah Creek, have all been analyzed from an ecological and cultural standpoint and then designed to best suit human and animal needs.
Land ownership, transportation routes, water stations, and historical landmarks were mapped and data of different recreational activities of the area were taken into account. The creek and the adjacent properties are used today for farming and for activities including but not limited to fishing, camping, hunting, biking, and swimming. From there, a cultural inventory map was developed and analyzed.
With a cultural inventory map, the opportunities of the area were analyzed. Drawing people to the creek through recreational opportunities and historical landmarks allows for greater use and protection. Landmarks can be neither moved nor altered but they do pose the advantage of providing a sense of history to the area. Bike paths, especially the Davis Bike Loop, have been viewed as an opportunity. This created design expands on existing bike trails, connecting the different forks of the river to the Davis Bike Loop.
Constraints of the area were also analyzed and addressed. Most of the surrounding area is privately owned agricultural land and, as a result, constructing a greenway would be impossible without the approval of the landowners. Highways also pose a constraint as heavy traffic flow is dangerous for human movement. As the years progress and land ownership changes, the goal of this design is to bring the greenway as close to the creek as possible, expanding its entire length.
To begin collecting ecological data, six focal species were selected whose presence would be essential to greenway design. This selection process began with identifying threatened and umbrella species native to Yolo and Solano County that use Putah Creek and its source habitats (Coastal mountains and Yolo bypass) as a habitat. The California Wildlife Habitat Relationships database was used in choosing focal specie. A species matrix was created to show the different habitat types of each animal, allowing one to predict how each species would move in and occupy a given area. With this knowledge, a structural design for each species was implemented. With the information from the matrix, suitable areas for each species were mapped by analyzing opportunities and constraints. Opportunities for each species consist of areas that they are most likely to use. Constraints consist of areas the species would not be able to use because of either human intervention or due to the fact that specific habitat types offer little or no benefits for that particular species. Once opportunities and constraints were established, hotspots for each individual species were located. Hotspots are areas that were most suitable for that particular species. After opportunities, constraints, and hotspots for each species were mapped out, we were able to see where each species would intersect. These areas of intersection were the main candidates for creating nodes and stepping stones in our greenway design.
With maps displaying both social and environmental findings of the area, the sets of data were combined in the efforts to create a most effective greenway. Reach 1 caters to the needs of all six focal species through habitat restoration and the development of a reserve. Restoring grasslands, forblands, and meadows creates wildlife corridors and hedgerows for increased functional connectivity. In addition, access points allow for human recreational use and path connectivity. Designated recreational activities allow for a variety of cultural uses without harassing or interfering with wildlife. Vistas and viewing platforms made from recycled materials allow for people to submerse themselves in the beauty of nature while also allowing for educational opportunities through kiosks, maps, and information plaques strategically located throughout the greenway.
Different recreational opportunities, such as camping, boating, hiking, and fishing, can also be found along this reach by the designated recreational area. Glide Park Ranch will serve as the main hub of the reserve, acting as a visitor's center and high-end restaurant made possible through the cultivation of site-grown and local foods.
The goal of Reach 2 was to increase wildlife movement while also considering the hydrological history of this site. The North Fork has been disconnected from the main stretch of the creek; therefore, the design proposes that the two portions of the creek be reunited through the use of a pipe and pump running along a constructed wildlife and pedestrian overpass. This overpass will stretch over Highway 113, allowing for safe passage of both pedestrians and animals simultaneously. Lastly, Reach 2 also allows for the implementation of vernal pools between Highway 113 and Interstate 80.
Bike circulation has been designed to continue throughout Reach 2 and wineries have also been added to increase human use and involvement. Bike paths have been added to connect with the Davis Bike Loop, connecting Davis to the rest of the greenway.
The goal of Reach 3, the Southern Fork of Putah Creek, is to create a wetland that provides ample and adequate habitat for wildlife. This wetland, receiving much of its water from the Arboretum located within the University of California Davis campus will work as a filter, purifying water through natural ecological and hydrological processes before entering into Putah Creek. The design of topography of the wetland sustains wildlife by creating both sources of cover and food.
Natural visual and sound barriers have been set into place to reduce human impact to the wetland-residing animals. Kiosks will allow for additional educational opportunities as people gather in vistas and overlooks. Bike paths will also continue throughout the site allowing for a full connection between the westernmost end of Reach 1, Reach 3, the town of Davis, and the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area of Reach 3.
While designing the Putah Creek Greenway, Steve Greco of the University of California: Davis acted as a mentor due to his experience with landscape ecology, Putah Creek, and landscape design. Greco provided articles and research to help inspire land use design and potential.
Rich Marovich counseled the greenway design with his ecological expertise and knowledge of Putah Creek and the town of Winters, the only other town that lies directly adjacent to the creek, aside from Davis. Rich provided cultural and ecological information of the site as well as historical information.
Rob Thayer, founder of the Landscape Architecture program at the University of California: Davis, provided design feedback as a guest critique. Rob provided cultural facts about the site and also studied the design aspects of this proposed greenway.
The Putah Creek Greenway was designed and completed by Carson Cooper in collaboration with several other UC Davis landscape architecture students: Ying Ying zhong, Micheline Chagniot, Brooks Taylor, Gabriel Munoz, and Hoang-Lan Nguyen. We made an awesome team.


Genchi Genbutsu
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Genchi Genbutsu
Genchi genbutsu is a Japanese term that means "go and see." Like many manufacturing and production concepts, it comes from the Toyota Production System. To put it simply, this concept teaches that in order to really understand what is going on in a facility and make sure everything is happening the way it is supposed to, the leadership team needs to go and see for themselves.
Following the Production
There are many ways that people can go and see what is happening in a facility. One of the most effective options is to actually follow the production of a product from start to finish.
Having a manager start in the receiving department and see how all the parts and inventory arrive, then following those parts to the production line until the product is completed, and finally seeing them shipped off, can be very helpful. For some facilities this activity may need to be done in small chunks, but getting this type of knowledge is essential to managing the facility properly.
Who Goes to See
When most managers learn about genchi genbutsu, they believe they won't have enough time in a day to go out and see all the different areas on a regular basis. If this isn't done, though, it will end up costing the leader a lot more time in the long run because they will have to deal with problems that arise over time. Leaders aren't, however, the only ones who need to go out to the location where the work is done.
Different people should be assigned to go out to locations for different reasons. Understanding the specific reasons why people go and see in a facility is essential for an effective implementation of genchi genbutsu.
Leaders Go Themselves
As mentioned above, the leaders of a facility need to go and see what is going on in the facility so they have firsthand knowledge. This should include leadership at all levels of the organization from the CEO to the direct supervisor. There are many benefits for the facility when the leaders take on this responsibility:
 - Direct Oversight - The leaders don't have to rely so heavily on the word of others, which can often be a watered down version of the truth. There is absolutely no substitute for going and seeing with their own eyes.
 - Support from Employees - Having the leadership team, especially upper-level leadership, come and see how the work is done can help employees feel more dedicated to their work.
 - Insights - Seeing how work is done in a facility can give leaders additional insights into what can be improved.
Delegates Go for Leaders
Genchi Manager
Depending on the size of the facility, leaders may also want to delegate people to go and see on their behalf. When doing this, the most important thing to remember is to avoid having someone go out and see who also works in the area being inspected. For example, if a CEO wants to send someone to "go and see" the shipping area, they should never send someone who works in that area, especially not a supervisor of that area.
The CEO can either have one person whose whole job is to go and see on their behalf, or else use members of one department to go and see another. This is important because a leader can't count on one department to closely critique itself.
One of the benefits of being able to go and see is that it brings in an outside perspective. Even if a department supervisor is entirely honest and dedicated to improvement, it would be nearly impossible for them to benefit from this process as much as someone who doesn't work for that part of the company.
Core Genchi Genbutsu Elements
Genchi Facility
One other category of people who should go and see things in the facility is new employees. Many companies make the mistake of bringing new employees to the area where they will work and never showing them the full facility. In fact, in many implementations of genchi genbutsu, it is the employees who are the primary target of this strategy.
Even if someone's job only requires them to be in one small area, they should be given a full and comprehensive tour of the entire facility. Showing each new employee all areas and explaining what is done in each area will give them a much better picture of how their role fits into the whole company. It can also give them ideas of what other jobs they may want to try in the future.
Many companies even bring employees around to different areas of the facility at least once per year to help ensure they know what is going on. Letting people see how their jobs fit into the company as a whole can be very helpful.
Employees who have been in the facility for a while can use this strategy too. If someone halfway down the manufacturing line notices there is a problem with one type of part they are receiving, genchi genbutsu teaches that they should go to the source of the problem. This may be the previous workstation in the production line.
Once there, they can identify what is going wrong and work with that group to get it fixed. This process is not about placing blame, but rather about identifying ways a facility can improve and working together to accomplish that improvement. For many facilities, this is best done at the front-line employee level and only escalated to management when necessary.
Making Genchi Genbutsu Visual
Genchi Visual
The main goal of going and seeing what is taking place in the facility is to remain educated about how things happen and be able to make improvements. When going and seeing a facility, however, it can be a great opportunity to make it a more visual workplace.
Many people will bring with them signs, floor markings, and other visual tools when performing genchi genbutsu. Using these visual cues can make the next genchi genbutsu more productive because they will provide some guidance. Labeling areas where there is a concern, putting floor signs where specific tasks are done, and any other type of visual communication can be very helpful.
Some facilities even bring a portable industrial label printer along with them to create labels that can be used in the future. This is a simple way to make the process of going and seeing even more effective.
Choosing the right tools for making visual improvements based on what is found during genchi genbutsu is very important. When done correctly, the act of "going and seeing" can improve safety, reduce waste, and generally help the facility to run more efficiently.
Observing is Essential
It is important to remember that genchi genbutsu is not just a walkthrough of the shop floor. It requires that the person going and seeing actually takes the time to really observe everything that is going on.
In fact, one of the originators of the genchi genbutsu concept is known for taking people to the shop floor and telling them to stand in an area that has a chalk circle in it. They are then instructed to stay in that circle and take notes about everything they observe. When he came back, the man would review the notes taken. If the person didn't observe enough, they would be required to remain in the circle for additional time.
There are certain things that simply can't be grasped in just a couple of minutes. For example:
 - Patterns - When observing how people work, it can take a significant amount of time to recognize the patterns that exist. When someone rushes through the area, it is impossible for them to even grasp the patterns of work, much less evaluate whether or not they are effective.
 - Full Jobs - Many tasks in a facility can take quite some time to complete. Welding a part, for example, may require several minutes of welding in multiple spots. If the observer doesn't take the time to not only watch the entire process, but watch it being done multiple times, they are almost certainly going to miss some important information.
 - Problems - One can often learn more from observing situations when something goes wrong than when everything is running smoothly. Observing an area for an extended period of time creates more opportunity for seeing situations where not everything is running as it should.
 - Relaxed Employees - When people are being observed, they typically make an extra effort to ensure they do each step properly. If they are observed for an extended period of time, however, they can become more relaxed and conduct the job like they normally would. This is the ideal time to gather information about what is actually happening in the facility.
Understanding how long to observe an area can be difficult. It will depend largely on what is being done and whether or not there are known problems with the area. Some places can be observed for just 10-15 minutes. Others should be observed for multiple days at a time to really get a good feel for what is happening.
In-Person vs. Digital Observation
There is some debate in the manufacturing world about whether it is strictly necessary for a manager or other person performing genchi genbutsu to actually go out and see for themselves, or if they can have security cameras in place to monitor from a distance.
Using cameras makes it possible to perform the observation from anywhere and it can be done at any time. This helps ensure the work being observed is how people always work, which is a good thing. On the other hand, installing cameras for observation can create a culture of mistrust and also comes with additional expense.
It is important to go and see in person at least much of the time. When actually going out to the shop floor, it creates opportunities for direct communication with the people on the floor, which is invaluable. In some situations, it may also be beneficial to install cameras, but it should only be done after careful thought and weighing the pros and cons.
The Gemba Attitude
Genchi Genbutsu is also referred to as the Gemba attitude, but these two strategies are different. Gemba,


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CONTENT OF HARMFUL CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS THAT MAY PERSIST IN PLUM SPIRITS
NERMINA SPAHO*, MILENKO BLESIÄ†, MIRSAD KURTOVIÄ†, BERINA BOROVAC
University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: _EMAIL_
Issue:
SCSCC6, Volume XXIII, No. 4
Section:
Volume 23, No. 4 (2022)
Abstract:
In Bosnia and Herzegovina plum spirits are often made in small quantity production batches, involving pot still alembic vessels. In many cases the producer will utilize plums still retaining their stone during the fermentation process which results in important contributions to the overall complexity of final spirit aroma. Plum spirits are characterized by an intense fruity aroma. However, these spirits can also contain some harmful compounds. In this study were determined the concentration of the methanol and hydrocyanic acid (HCN) that are toxic and acetaldehyde and furfural that are harmful just if they are present in higher concentration. Plum spirits were obtained using three plum variety: Pozegaca, Stanley and Bilska rana (Buchler). The behavior of these major harmful compounds was followed during distillation, with their respective contents measured in the heads, hearts, and tails fractions. The most abundant compound was methanol, which is concentrated in the heart fraction, reaching a maximum value of 9668 mgÂ·L-1 absolute alcohol, in the heart fraction of Bilska rana spirit. The concentration of HCN and furfural was influenced by the plum cultivar, the spirits made from the Stanley cultivar contained higher concentrations of these two compounds. The concentrations of harmful compounds are seen not to exceed the allowed limit if an adequate fraction of the heart and tail fractions are removed.
Keywords:
acetaldehyde, distillation fractions, furfural, hydrocyanic acid, methanol, plum spirits.
Code [ID]:
CSCC6202204V04S01A0003 [_PHONE_]
Note:
DOI:
Full paper:
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Copyright (c) _PHONE_ University of Bacãu


text:
Mixed-use development, which was once rather unique to urban renewal and commercial endeavors, is now a hot new trend on university campuses. Throughout the country, college campuses are being transformed into communities and it is typical to see restaurants, retail shops, hotels, green space, offices, parking garages and other amenities adjacent to dorms and classrooms.
Many budget-restricted universities are benefiting from this type of innovative initiative. Some have space on campus for the redevelopment and others have obtained adjoining property to expand the campus's footprint. Many universities have entered into public-private partnerships (P3s) and all the funding has come from private investors.
One of the first mixed-use residential college projects in the nation is also the largest such development in the history of both South Los Angeles and the University of Southern California. It benefits both the university and the community. The $700 million, 15-acre USC Village project includes six buildings and 2,500 new student beds. The upper floors of the buildings feature residential college suites and the ground level is reserved for retail establishments and food and beverage tenants. A new $16 million firehouse is part of the development project.
P3s are becoming common at the University of Kentucky (UK). The institution recently completed a $450 million public-private partnership engagement for construction of new dorms.
The university also entered into a 15-year, $245 million food services contract with a private firm that resulted in more than $85 million in capital investments. The P3s at UK have been so successful that the university is now considering a mixed-use retail and parking development on campus.
Similarly, Mississippi State University will use a P3 and select a private partner to design, finance, build, maintain and manage a new mixed-use development. A private-sector partner will get a 40-year lease of university land. The mixed-use project will provide residences for students, retail and restaurant space, recreational amenities, parking, a day care center and an outdoor entertainment zone. A portion of all revenues generated as a result of the project will flow to the university.
The University of Massachusetts issued a request for information (RFI) for a privately developed, mixed-use project that will include 1,200 beds for students, a 200-room hotel and conference center and a fully staffed medical office. Officials want to test the interest of potential private-sector partners. The next step will be to issue a request for proposals (RFP) for the project.
At Northern Kentucky University, officials are planning a "town center" type mixed-use development that will be anchored by a $25 million medical facility. The $100 million complex will be a partnership between the university and a private developer. It will include a hotel, market-rate apartments, restaurants, space for retail establishments, parking and public gathering areas. Construction is expected to begin in 2018.
Mixed-use developments on college campuses are proving to be a boon for universities as they seek new ways to generate revenue and create amenities that appeal to prospective new students and faculty members. City leaders will be huge supporters because of the increases they will realize in property taxes and sales tax revenues. This is a new trend that bears watching.
DISCLAIMER: This article expresses my own ideas and opinions. Any information I have shared are from sources that I believe to be reliable and accurate. I did not receive any financial compensation in writing this post, nor do I own any shares in any company I've mentioned. I encourage any reader to do their own diligent research first before making any investment decisions.
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anytime soon, decide whether it's worth it to sue. Filing a small claims lawsuit might be more trouble than it's worth, since you'll have to pay a fee and hire a lawyer. If you're only owed a few thousand dollars, it might be better just to make a fresh start with the new tenant who moves in.
 - If the tenant is employed, the judge may rule that his or her wages can be garnished in order to pay the debt.[7]
 2. 2
 Use a private debt collector. Some debt collection companies specialize in helping landlords collect rent from evicted tenants. The debt collectors will take charge of collecting rent as well as notifying the 3 major credit bureaus of the eviction.
 - It is a good idea to keep dated, written records of all complaints you gave your tenants regarding the property, as well as any steps that you took to resolve the problem. In the event of a counter suit, these records will be helpful when you appear in court.
 - Trying to evict a tenant without following due process and the terms of the lease will not only result in you losing, but could also lead to a counter lawsuit by your tenant.
 - You need to have proof that all proper forms and notifications were served to the tenant prior to the eviction. This means either you should have the notices served to the tenant by a constable who will have her sign for them, or you should send them through certified mail.
 - If your tenant has recently reported a housing violation to the appropriate government agency, he may counter sue you and claim you are pursuing a retaliatory eviction, which is illegal.
Article Info
Categories: Renting
In other languages:
Español: expulsar a un inquilino, Русский: выселить арендатора, Português: Despejar um Inquilino, Français: expulser un locataire, Italiano: Sfrattare un Inquilino, 中文: 驱逐租户, Deutsch: Einen Räumungsbescheid einleiten
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You can indicate that XXX is method name by writing XXX().
But in Objective-C, you can not write XXX() for XXX method.
If you write XXX, you can't tell if XXX is method name or other type of identifier.
How can you indicate that XXX is method name of Objective-C class?
Method call of Objective-C is different from other language.
in Objective-C, method call is:
[self XXX];
in other language, method call is:
In other language, for example, we can write in stackoverflow:
XXX() doesn't work
And we can know XXX is method thanks to ().
But in Objective-C, we can't say:
XXX doesn't work
Instead, to make it clear that XXX is method, we have to say:
XXX method doesn't work
share|improve this question
Could you post some sample code to illustrate the problem more clearly? Also, could you name it initMethod() to clear up the confusion? – FrustratedWithFormsDesigner Jul 20 '12 at 15:01
_USER_ thanks for your advice. I added a explanation. And init is just a example. To avoid confusion, I modified it to XXX. – js_ Jul 20 '12 at 15:27
You can tell it's a method because it's on the right side of the message call. In objective-c it's [object method] or [Class method]. If you are confusing properties, you have to remember that properties are just sugar. – Paul Jul 20 '12 at 15:51
add comment
3 Answers
up vote 3 down vote accepted
If you're talking about using init in documentation or some other place where you're describing the method, you can prefix it with a - if it's an instance method or a + if it's a class method. If the method takes parameters, leave them out and just concatenate the different parts of the method name, like: -initWithNibName:bundle: or +colorWithRed:green:blue:alpha:. Don't leave the colons out, though -- they're part of the selector. For example, you might write:
One way to create a color is by calling UIColor's +colorWithRed:green:blue:alpha: method.
Sometimes people include both the class name and method name, prefixed with the appropriate character and wrapped in square brackets:
One way to initialize a view controller is with -[UIViewController initWithNibName:bundle:].
That's not really a correct use of Objective-C syntax -- you'd never actually call a method like that -- but it conveys three important pieces of information: type of method (class or instance), class, and selector.
In code, of course, you don't need to do anything special to indicate what kind of identifier it is. Just use the method name in an appropriate context and the compiler will figure it out:
UIColor *color = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.5 green:0.5 blue:0.9 alpha:1.0];
NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
share|improve this answer
thanks for your detailed answer. – js_ Jul 21 '12 at 8:07
add comment
I will typically use +[NSString stringWithString:] and -[NSString initWithString:], unless there is enough context to omit the + or - and class (then I would reduce it to stringWithString: and initWithString:).
share|improve this answer
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Terminology: It's not a method name, it's a message name, aka selector.
To your question: it's obvious from the syntax, message sends always take the form [receiver message_with_parameters], where receiver is an expression (it may be another [...]), so anything after receiver is a selector (that is, what you call method name). In case of selector without params, it is just its name (like is the case with [[Class alloc] init], in case of of selector with params, it looks like [3 between: 1 and: 5].
Or is your problem somewhere else? The question was a bit unclear.
share|improve this answer
thanks. But i'm very sorry, my question was not clear. I added EDIT to my question. My question is about how to write method name, for example, in stackoverflow to let other people know that it is method name. – js_ Jul 20 '12 at 15:33
In that case, use'method Xxx' or use the '- selector' and '+ selector' syntax of Objective-C used to distinguish between instance and class methods. – herby Jul 20 '12 at 15:36
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Your Answer


text:
IS NULL and
IS NOT NULL predicates can be
used in the join criteria as well.
The following predicate tests for equality of the values A and B
and treats Nulls as being equal. The
is required since A = B returns a Null value if at least one of A
or B is Null and
NULL OR FALSE is Null itself.
IFNULL( A = B, FALSE ) OR ( A IS NULL AND B IS NULL )
Because Null is not a data value, but a marker for an unknown value, using mathematical operators on Null results in an unknown value, which is represented by Null. In the following example, multiplying 10 by Null results in Null:
10 * NULL -- Result is NULL
This can lead to unanticipated results. For instance, when an attempt is made to divide Null by zero, platforms may return Null instead of throwing an expected "data exception - division by zero". Though this behavior is not defined by the ISO SQL standard many DBMS vendors treat this operation similarly. For instance, the Oracle, PostgreSQL, MySQL Server, and Microsoft SQL Server platforms all return a Null result for the following:
NULL / 0
String concatenation operations, which are
common in SQL, also result in Null when one of the operands is
The following example demonstrates the Null result returned by
using Null with the SQL
|| string concatenation
'Fish'|| NULL || 'Chips' -- Result is NULL
This is not true for all database implementations. In an Oracle RDBMS for example NULL and the empty string are considered the same thing and therefore 'Fish'|| NULL || 'Chips' results in 'Fish Chips'.
SQL defines aggregate functions to simplify server-side aggregate calculations on data. Almost all aggregate functions perform a Null-elimination step, so that Null values are not included in the final result of the calculation. This implicit Null elimination, however, can have an impact on aggregate function results.
The following example table results in different results being
returned for each column when the SQL
aggregate function is applied:
AVG aggregate function returns 233 when
applied to column i, but returns 175 when applied to
column j. The aggregate function's Null-elimination step
accounts for the difference in these results. The only aggregate
function that does not implicitly eliminate Null is the
Because SQL:2003 defines all Null markers as being unequal to
one another, a special definition was required in order to group
Nulls together when performing certain operations. SQL defines "any
two values that are equal to one another, or any two Nulls", as
This definition of not distinct allows SQL to group and
sort Nulls when the
GROUP BY clause (and other
keywords that perform grouping) are used.
Other SQL operations, clauses, and keywords use "not distinct" in their treatment of Nulls. These include the following:
PARTITION BYclause of ranking and windowing functions like
EXCEPToperator, which treat NULLs as the same for row comparison/elimination purposes
DISTINCTkeyword used in
The SQL standard does not explicitly define a default sort order
for Nulls. Instead, on conforming systems, Nulls can be sorted
before or after all data values by using the
NULLS LAST clauses of the
BY list, respectively. Not all DBMS vendors implement this
functionality, however. Vendors who do not implement this
functionality may specify different treatments for Null sorting in
B-trees can handle equality and range queries on data that can be sorted into some ordering. In particular, the PostgreSQL query planner will consider using a B-tree index whenever an indexed column is involved in a comparison using one of these operators: < <= = >= > Constructs equivalent to combinations of these operators, such as BETWEEN and IN, can also be implemented with a B-tree index search. (But note that IS NULL is not equivalent to = and is not indexable.)
In cases where the index enforces uniqueness, NULL values are excluded from the index and uniqueness is not enforced between NULL values. Again, quoting from the PostgreSQL documentation:
When an index is declared unique, multiple table rows with equal indexed values will not be allowed. Null values are not considered equal. A multicolumn unique index will only reject cases where all of the indexed columns are equal in two rows.
This is consistent with the SQL:2003-defined behavior of scalar Null comparisons.
Another method of indexing Nulls involves handling them as not distinct in accordance with the SQL:2003-defined behavior. For example, Microsoft SQL Server documentation states the following:
For indexing purposes, NULL values compare as equal. Therefore, a unique index, or UNIQUE constraint, cannot be created if the key values are NULL in more than one row. Select columns that are defined as NOT NULL when columns for a unique index or unique constraint are chosen.
Both of these indexing strategies are consistent with the SQL:2003-defined behavior of Nulls. Because indexing methodologies are not explicitly defined by the SQL:2003 standard, indexing strategies for Nulls are left entirely to the vendors to design and implement.
SQL defines two functions to explicitly handle Nulls:
NULLIF. Both functions are
abbreviations for searched
COALESCE function accepts a list of parameters,
returning the first non-Null value from the list:
COALESCE(value1, value2, value3,...)
COALESCE is defined as shorthand for the following
CASE WHEN value1 IS NOT NULL THEN value1 WHEN value2 IS NOT NULL THEN value2 WHEN value3 IS NOT NULL THEN value3... END
Some SQL DBMSs implement vendor-specific functions similar to
COALESCE. Some systems implement an
ISNULL function, or other similar functions that are
functionally similar to
NULLIF function accepts two parameters. If the
first parameter is equal to the second parameter,
NULLIF returns Null. Otherwise, the value of the first
parameter is returned.
NULLIF is an abbreviation for the following
CASE WHEN value1 = value2 THEN NULL ELSE value1 END
Misunderstanding of how Null works is the cause of a great
number of errors in SQL code, both in ISO standard SQL statements
and in the specific SQL dialects supported by real-world database
management systems. These mistakes are usually the result of
confusion between Null and either 0 (zero) or an empty string (a
string value with a length of zero, represented in SQL as
''). Null is defined by the ISO SQL standard as
different from both an empty string and the numerical value
0, however. While Null indicates the absence of any
value, the empty string and numerical zero both represent actual
For example, a
WHERE clause or conditional
statement might compare a column's value with a constant. It is
often incorrectly assumed that a missing value would be "less than"
or "not equal to" a constant if that field contains Null, but, in
fact, such expressions return Unknown. An example is below:
SELECT * FROM sometable WHERE num <> 1; -- Rows where num is NULL will not be returned, -- contrary to many users' expectations.
Similarly, Null values are often confused with empty strings.
LENGTH function, which returns the number
of characters in a string. When a Null is passed into this
function, the function returns Null. This can lead to unexpected
results, if users are not well versed in 3-value logic. An example
SELECT * FROM sometable WHERE LENGTH(string) < 20; -- Rows where string is NULL will not be returned.
This is complicated by the fact that in some database interface programs, NULL is reported as an empty string, and empty strings may be incorrectly stored as NULL.
The ISO SQL implementation of Null is the subject of criticism, debate and calls for change. In The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2, Codd suggested that the SQL implementation of Null was flawed and should be replaced by two distinct Null-type markers. The markers he proposed were to stand for "Missing but Applicable" and "Missing but Inapplicable", known as A-values and I-values, respectively. Codd's recommendation, if accepted, would have required the implementation of a four-valued logic in SQL. Others have suggested adding additional Null-type markers to Codd's recommendation to indicate even more reasons that a data value might be "Missing", increasing the complexity of SQL's logic system. At various times, proposals have also been put forth to implement multiple user-defined Null markers in SQL. Because of the complexity of the Null-handling and logic systems required to support multiple Null markers, none of these proposals have gained widespread acceptance.
Chris Date and Hugh Darwen, authors of The Third Manifesto, have suggested that the SQL Null implementation is inherently flawed and should be eliminated altogether, pointing to inconsistencies and flaws in the implementation of SQL Null-handling (particularly in aggregate functions) as proof that the entire concept of Null is flawed and should be removed from the Relational Model. Others, like author Fabian Pascal, have stated a belief that "how the function calculation should treat missing values is not governed by the relational model."
Another point of conflict concerning Nulls is that they violate the closed world assumption model of relational databases by introducing an open world assumption into it. The Closed World Assumption, as it pertains to databases, states that "Everything stated by the database, either explicitly or implicitly, is true; everything else is false." This view assumes that the knowledge of the world stored within a database is complete. Nulls, however, operate under the Open World Assumption, in which some items stored in the database are considered unknown, making the databases's stored knowledge of the world incomplete.
SQL allows three logical choices, true, false, and unknown,

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Limestone mine - During a blast, fly rock left the mine site and struck the windshield of a pick-up truck traveling by on a public road near the mine site. The driver and the passenger both received minor injuries.
- Consider mine specific conditions and rock strata when designing blasts to prevent fly rock. Closely follow mine policies and procedures through all phases
- of the blasting operation.
- Maintain and use all available methods of communication, such as sirens and radios, to warn persons of impending blasting operations.
- Schedule blasting between shifts or on off-shifts. Utilize suitable blast shelters for all persons at the mine site during blasting.
- Take special precautions to ensure that all roadways and regularly traveled areas are blocked to prevent access by persons unaware of an impending blast.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
There has been significantly less rain than usual for June this year, but according to the Met Office rainfall may pick up late into next month.
This month the measured rainfall level stands at just 160.3 millimetres when compared to the same period in 2019, when there was 224 millimetres. The average rainfall for June is 252 millimetres.
Meteorologist Stephan Dickson said the decrease was due to the high concentration of Sahara dust in the atmosphere.
"The Sahara dust usually has a negative impact on our rainfall in terms of the intensity and the frequency. The combination of the Sahara dust and the strong winds has limited the intensity of the rainfall events that we usually have around this time of the year.
"The totals are lower than previously anticipated. But we expect two rainfall events for the month, but this will not even push the levels in the 200-millimetre bracket."
Dickson said as the Sahara dust starts to subside in July, rainfall is expected to increase and may be above average, as previously forecast.
He added that Colorado State University has forecast 19 named storms for the period across the Atlantic Basin, of which nine are expected to become hurricanes and four to evolve into category three hurricanes or higher.
Dickson said, "Between four to eight storms of those storms are expected to pass through the Caribbean, with two to become hurricanes.
"It is hard to say specifically if any major storms will affect us, but there is always a chance every season for us to get affected by a storm."
The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1-November 30.
The Atlantic basin includes the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.


text:
Your liver is the key to good digestion and adequate nutrition because the enzymes produced in the liver aid in the metabolism of proteins. The liver produces more enzymes from water with lemon than from any other food.
If you get a sunburn, apply witch hazel to the burned area. Witch hazel is a solution made with an extract from the leaves, twig and bark of the Hamamelis plant, that has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that are soothing and cooling to sunburned skin.
Warm water with lemon contains citric acid which interacts with other enzymes and acids which easily stimulate the secretion of gastric juice thereby aiding digestion.


text:
Promoter, in chemistry, substance added to a solid catalyst to improve its performance in a chemical reaction. By itself the promoter has little or no catalytic effect. Some promoters interact with active components of catalysts and thereby alter their chemical effect on the catalyzed substance. The interaction may cause changes in the electronic or crystal structures of the active solid component. Commonly used promoters are metallic ions incorporated into metals and metallic oxide catalysts, reducing and oxidizing gases or liquids, and acids and bases added during the reaction or to the catalysts before being used.
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text:
Nagmy, Hemmali (Department of Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitre)
Zuravlovs, Aleksejs (Faculty of Economics and Management Riga, University of Latvia)
Assessment of the Slovak and Latvian Agriculture from the Point of Plant Production
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, 2012, vol.7(56), nr, s. 109-119
Agriculture as one of major industries of the national economy is closely connected with the development of the whole country, especially rural regions and food production. Therefore it should be viewed as an important factor of rural development and economic stability of the whole country. The main aim of article is to compare the position of plant production and agriculture in two EU countries: Slovakia and Latvia. Realization of the mentioned objective required the research within the period of the years 2009-2010. We used basic organizational and economic relations and numeric calculations while analyzing and forming the theoretical and practical solutions. According to crop production between Slovakia and Latvia outlines some similarities, the situation was reversed and crops production for most commodities has fallen, particularly in case of cereals, but some separate crops have the various tend. For example in Slovakia case crop production rise of legumes and sugar beet, parallel in Latvia case crop production increase rapidly of buckwheat and rape. In consequence it draws differences in crop production priorities which depends from a large number of different circumstances between two described countries.


text:
Many centuries before 'going green' became fashionable, Icelanders were constructing eco-friendly and energy efficient dwellings all over their island. Earth-sheltered houses have a long history that spans the globe from Africa to Europe. In Northern Europe evidence of turf houses (as they are known there) has been found as far back as the Iron Age. Later, the Romans used turf in the construction of their walls and fortresses in the northernmost reaches of their empire. It is believed that turf has been used for even longer than this, but as earth and grass rot away very easily, or become mixed with the surrounding environment, no traces of older constructions have yet been found.
In countries such as Norway, Scotland, Ireland and Greenland turf houses were left to those who couldn't afford anything else. In Iceland, however, the practice was more egalitarian. It was the material of choice for residences of chiefs and peasants alike, as well as other buildings such as churches and stables — pretty much anywhere that people needed to stay dry and warm.
In the 9th century turf was used in the construction of Nordic-style long houses, multi-purpose buildings where people both slept and worked. This design later changed to a collection of houses connected by a central passageway that was totally unique to Iceland. A feature of this type of house was a raised section for sleeping which stood away from the entrance and was high enough to be heated efficiently. This design was used until the 1800s when the houses once again became joined, but retained their separate roofs.


text:
The Legacy of Genocide
On 20 September 2017 an exhibition about Sinti families in Central Germany (curators: Eve Rosenhaft, University of Liverpool and Jana Müller, Alternatives Jugendzentrum in Dessau) was opened at the Václav Havel Library, followed by a unique discussion between Sinti and Roma from Germany and the Czech Republic about coming to terms with the experience of the genocide of Roma and Sinti. Invited speakers were: Zdeněk Daniel, Jan Hauer, Mario Franz, Hermann and Else Höllenreiner, Jiřina Somsiová. The discussion was chaired by: Jana Horváthová (Museum of Romani Culture, Brno) and Jana Müller (Alternatives Jugendzentrum, Dessau). Organised by the Prague Forum for Romani Histories at the Institute of Contemporary History, Czech Academy of Sciences, in cooperation with the Roma Studies programme at the Department of Central European Studies, Charles University; the Václav Havel Library; and Alternatives Jugendzentrum in Dessau. The event was arranged by Helena Sadílková and Kateřina Čapková as an accompanying programme to the international conference "Tracing the Legacies of the Roma Genocide: Families as Transmitters of Experience and Memory".


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DO PARTNERS CARE ABOUT THEIR MUTUAL LOCATION? Spatial awareness in virtual environments.
This paper reports on four experimental studies concerning regard to how people use space so as to solve problems collaboratively in virtual environments. Prior to presenting the results, it summarizes the wide range of literature concerning social uses of spatiality in human interactions. The experiments we conducted revealed that virtual space modifies and improves collaborative processes such as division of labor, grounding, communication, coordination, as well as the performance to the task. It concludes by proposing Computer Supported Collaborative Work practitioners? ideas about how to use these results in order to design more effective and more adapted environments.


How to deliver a node.js website to clients
Hello! So I've been learning website development for a while, and I thought it would be nice to finally put it to use. I've been offered to develop a website, but I have no idea what to do to deliver the website.
It is a node.js website so I'm not even sure how to show them the website either.
I've heard things about zipping files, hosting websites, and other things along those lines, but I don't really know how to or which is the right way.
What is the professional way of delivering a website to a client (and how do you do it?)
Thank you!
It depends on how you have things set up. "Node" isn't usually a website, unless you are doing server side rendering. There are different ways to do a web site.
 1. A static frontend - you host the files somewhere and they are accessed by the client computers. But it's a static server - no computations - it just sends back files. These are the kind of sites you build on codepen. The file structure will be a little different, but basically you have server somewhere with a file like index.html and that is what the internet grabs and all your information is there. You may have other html files in other directories that hyperlink together.
 2. Server side rendering - you host a server somewhere and when it gets a request for a page it does some calculations, builds the page, and sends it back. Often they use templating languages like ejs or handelbars or jade. There are ways to SSR things like React too.
 3. Separate server and client. Here you do the client (front end) like in example one but you have a server (backend) running that it can call for information or make updates to databases, etc.
This is a simplified explanation. Which is best will depend on what you are doing.
There are a lot of places to host the frontend, too many to list. Hosting a node server will take something more specific. For option three, those could be on the same or different hosts.


Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Sycamore School Statement of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
At Sycamore, we believe that all stakeholders have a shared responsibility for valuing and respecting the dignity, worth, and experiences of every person. Sycamore embodies a culture of diversity, equity, and inclusion through our community, program, curriculum and instruction, and social-emotional practices. We honor differences in race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, family structure, physical abilities, socioeconomic status, and political and social values. Sycamore's core values of respect, moral courage, relationships, and empathy commit us to prepare students for a diverse and global society.


Posted on
Smartstrips: Foils that breathe
Smartstrips is the first breathable highlight strip that allows the perfect amount of oxygen in and expels damaging gases out.
Too much oxygen during balayage and the blonding cream or powder oxidizes and loses its lifting power. No oxygen (when wrapped in foil, paper, or other meche brands) and the mixture swells due to toxic gases. This hamper painting creativity, as well as increases the risk of overprocessing the ends or previously lightened hair.
The special composition of strips enables the entrance of the right amount of oxygen to obtain the lightening effects and the vent of gas that is harmful for the hair fibre. They allow enough oxygen to stabilize the mixture during the process, while preventing total oxygen flow that would over-oxidize. The result allows the product to stay fresh longer and perform at optimum capacity fuelled by oxygen to achieve incredible results. This occurs while ventilating the corrosive damaging chemical fumes that foil traps in – such as ammonia.
SMARTSTRIPS are Eco-friendly: they are not only easy to recycle, but they also strongly reduce their environmental impact since they are produced without using water or trees. This revolutionary material is made up of 70% calcium carbonate and 30% polyethylene, that reduces the use of plastic resin by 55 to 70% when compared to most products present on the market.
SMARTSTRIPS are the future of bleaching techniques, bridging the gap between balayage and traditional highlighting.
For prices and specials, email or WhatsApp +27 18 _PHONE_.


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0compile: Developers
This page explains how to publish source code using Zero Install. Publishing source this way means that:
 - Users can compile it easily using 0compile.
 - Build dependencies, such as header files and build tools, can be downloaded automatically.
 - 0release can automatically compile binaries for your software during the release process.
Making source available
There are two common situations:
 - You already have a source tarball somewhere and you want to publish an XML feed saying how to download and compile it (ideally, no changes should be needed to support 0install). For this, you should first read the Guide to packaging binaries.
 - You have a development checkout (e.g. a Git clone or similar) and you want to say how to compile it. For this, you should first read the page about local feeds.
To make source code available for others to use you need to add source implementations to the program's feed file. This is almost exactly the same as adding binaries, except that you give src as the machine (CPU) type:
Adding a source implementation
(if you want to script this process, take a look at 0template)
You can also edit the XML directly, which gives more control. A minimal source implementation might look like this:

You only need to use arch='*-src' to publish implementations for things that need to be compiled. Shell scripts, etc should not be marked as source code; use arch="*-*" instead (which is the default anyway if arch is not given). For header files (-dev packages), there will often be a source implementation that generates the header files, but the resulting headers are not source (and will often be architecture-specific, e.g. Linux-i386).
The job of the compile command is to call the actual build system. It is executed inside the build directory ($BUILDDIR). It must compile the source in $SRCDIR, putting the final result (ready for distribution) in $DISTDIR. The path to the generated feed for the new binary is $BINARYFEED, if you need it during the build.
Instead of giving a , you may prefer to use a shell command. This is useful if you need to run more than one command. However, if the command starts to get complicated, you should move it to a script, either inside the main source archive or in a separate dependency, and just set this attribute to the command to run the script):

Starting with 0compile 1.1, this even works on Windows (it uses win-bash).
There are also some extra attributes you can add to the implementation element:
Deprecated. Use instead (see below).
Some programs insist on creating files in their source directory, which is typically a read-only directory when using Zero Install. In this case, set compile:dup-src='../img/true' and 0compile will copy everything in $SRCDIR into build before building.
compile:binary-lib-mappings (binary library major mappings)
This is needed if you want to use 0install to compile a -dev package (containing header files) that works with a distribution-provided runtime package; see MakeHeaders for details.
Customising the binary implementation
You can specify a template for the binary using . You can use this, for example, to add elements to it. Here's a more complex example for a Java program:
 ... xmlns:compile=""...

The interesting bits here are:
tells us that the root describes some source code.
this is the template for the implementation that will be created by the compile.
indicates that the generated binary is platform independent (Java bytecode).
says how to run the resulting binary (by using the Java runtime).
The dependencies are:
graphviz and openjdk-jre
only used at run-time (since they occur inside the ).
only used at compile-time (occurs directly inside the source ).
used at compile-time and at run-time (has compile:include-binary attribute).
Finally, there is a compile:if-0install-version attribute that you can place on any element in the template. 0compile will convert this to a plain if-0install-version in the generated output (you can't use if-0install-version directly because 0install would strip them out as appropriate for its version before 0compile saw them).
Pinning version ranges
Sometimes, you have a build time dependency with a wide range of possible versions, but the generated binary will have a runtime dependency on whichever version was used to compile it. The compile:pin-components attribute on a element in the template will expand into before and after attributes that require the binary version to match the first n components of the version used to compile it. For example, if this program is compiled using Python 2.7.3, then the binary will have :

(added in 0compile 1.4)
Using a separate source feed
You can keep the source implementations in a separate file (MyProg-src.xml) and add a feed from the main feed, e.g.:

The arch attribute lets the injector know that it doesn't need to fetch this file unless it's looking for source code.
Making library headers available (-dev packages)
See Make-headers for information about publishing library source and -dev packages.
Python distutils
You should use the --build-base option to make distutils build to 0compile's build directory, not under the source code (which is read-only). Unfortunately, this option isn't available with the install command, so you have to do the build in two steps. A typical command is:
cd "$SRCDIR" &&
python build --build-base="$BUILDDIR/build" &&
cd "$BUILDDIR" &&
python "$SRCDIR"/ install --home="$DISTDIR" --skip-build
There are some template projects which can be used as a starting point for publishing your own software for various languages and build systems.
Further reading
Example: SCons
This example shows how to compile a simple "Hello world" program using the SCons build system. Both the source and SCons are fetched using Zero Install.


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Based on I. Escudero-Sanz and R. Navarro, "Off-Axis Aberrations of a Wide-Angle Schematic Eye Model," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 16(8), 1999 pp. _PHONE_.
This sample optics Demonstration was created using Optica 3, an application package available for Mathematica.
In the program, the thin lens defocusing element is governed by the input defocus parameters and (in diopters). The defocus angle determines the angle of rotation (in degrees) about the pupil center for the defocus effects. The scatter parameter is used to specify the diffuseness of the retina. The pupil size parameter determines the diameter of the pupil opening. Spatial units are in millimeters.


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February 14, 2007
ATLANTA – In Georgia, as many as 900,000 children are at risk of being removed from their families and becoming wards of the juvenile justice system due to their parents abuse of methamphetamine and other drugs. In light of this, the state has created the Georgia Alliance for Drug Endangered Children (GADEC) involving multiple social and child serving agencies who will work to intervene early and help keep families together. According to the Georgia Division of Family and Children Services, 65% of child deprivation cases involve parents either manufacturing or abusing drugs. It is also estimated that 99.8% of youth assessed by the Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice report having an alcoholic or drug addicted parent or sibling.
"Today, most children affected by their parent's drug abuse are discovered or rescued during law enforcement or social service actions involving their parents. We see this moment as a defining event," said Gwen Skinner, Director for the Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities and Addictive Diseases. "If ignored and left unmonitored, these children will continue to be victims. However, with immediate intervention and specialized services, we can improve outcomes for these children and their families."
Upon removal from a dangerous environment, children exposed to drug abuse require immediate attention of child welfare services and assessment by medical and mental health professionals. GADEC coordinates these actions through teams that help protect the child and to reunify families where appropriate.
Research has shown that children of parents who abuse drugs are more likely to experience physical, sexual, or emotional abuse than children in non-substance abusing households. They may also be exposed to toxic chemicals, unsanitary and unsafe living conditions, medical neglect and lack of basic care. This is especially the case in situations involving methamphetamine use.
For more information, access _URL_.
For information, contact:
Kenya Bello; _PHONE_


Animated Alien Ship in the Sky using jQuery Spritely
Animation, CSS, jQuery, Tutorials 5 responses so far
Hundreds of light years (now don't ask me what is a light year, all I know it is same as a regular year, but with less calories!) away from the galaxy there lived a super intelligent species with big eyes & green naked (or wearing some sort of green bio-mechanical suit!) skin called extrachlorophylletron in the planet discotin, they have been found rarely in the sky of earth traveling around with their domed ship (rocket guys call it an UFO!).
Well, since the first episode we have tested the moving clouds animation using jQuery Spritely plugin 0.6 and in this sequel we are interested to have sprite or flying object in that sky. Also, earlier we used Spritely's pan() feature to animate the clouds and here we will experiment sprite animation using sprite() feature, behold! an alien ship is headed towards the earth.
alien ship image using jquery spritely
Figure: Alien ship in the sky
Sprites! (Sounds like Coke & Sprite?)
Before get our hands into sprite animation, we've played video games like Mario in the Super Mario, fighters in the Street Fighters or say, in movie, like fire breathing Balrog in the "The Lord of The Rings" and there are object(s) flying or moving around the game canvas, those are generally sprites. A Sprite composed with several images of an object together, played sequentially to animate an action and you may add certain controls to them.
So in our tutorial, we will design a flying alien ship (the sprite) with spinning at left or right behavior with sequence of frames like below:
alien ship sprite figure frame
Figure: frames for spinning to left/right
At the above figure, the first row (1) contains three (3) frames (each object at the above figure represents each frame of 180×180) for the spin towards right. In each next frame of the first row, we created white dashed marks on the dark green disk-shaped body and placed/moved them towards more right side, changed the position of the three rounded landers by few pixels to give a shaky feel. And the bottom row (2) contains three (3) frames for the spin towards left.
Checkout the spin direction diagram and a tap/click in the screen attracts the ship to that point with the same spin:
alien ship spin and flight direction sprite
Figure: spin & flight direction diagram
Lets build the following scenarios (you must go through the first episode of this tutorial to understand the rest):
Scenario: We need a Ship in the sky with a green Alien inside (a pilot!).
Add the following CSS class for the ".alien-ship":
.alien-ship {
 background: transparent url(img/sprit-space-ship.png) 0 0 no-repeat;
 position: absolute;
 top: 150px;
 left: 65px;
 width: 180px;
 height: 180px;
 z-index: 2000;
 cursor: pointer;
You can see that, the class is of 180×180, so the following DIV with the class "alien-ship" will display single frame of the ship as background of it. Spritely shows the frames serially by changing background position of the DIV.
alien ship sprite
Figure: the Ship
Scenario: The ship needs a spin.
Lets, invoke Spritely's sprite() feature on the alien-ship DIV like below:
$(document).ready(function() {
 $('_TAG_-ship').sprite({ fps: 9, no_of_frames: 3 });
The above code will position the background frame, 9 frames per second using the given 3.
Scenario: The ship will fly within an area randomly.
Like the following code, using spRandom() method, we can define the boundary of the random movement.
 .spRandom({top: 50, bottom: 200, left: 300, right: 320});
Scenario: Fly the ship at the Tap location (cool for touch works!).
To make the mouse attract the sprite when you click/tap the screen, use this:
The active() method makes this sprite the active sprite on launch – otherwise a sprite with activeOnClick() becomes active only when you click it (or touch it using an iPhone/iPad).
The $('body').flyToTap() method watches for a click on the page at which point, after any current move is complete, the sprite moves to the clicked location. After a few second, if a random movement method has been applied (see spRandom()), it then moves away again.
Scenario: Spin the ship into both directions.
The following method displays frames from the first row (Spin right):
The following method displays frames from the second row (Spin left):
Here, state 1 and 2 are row numbers and may add another row for another movement sequence.
Scenario: Controls in hand.
Check out the demo & source codes given at download section.
(If any extrachlorophylletrons reading this, advance sorry from a human for any misrepresentation of your funkiness)
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PHP Hacker, Foss advocate, Community activist, Author of the book PHP Application Development with NetBeans: Beginner's Guide, open for project consultancy.
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 - Website Development Company in Delhi
 Very Nice Post!!!
 - Jiwan Tamang
 Thank you for providing very useful information to us…
 - Lonna
 "Animated Alien Ship in the Sky using jQuery SpritelyWeb Development Blog"
 T I S was indeed a wonderful post and also I personally was indeed
 pretty joyful to come across it. I appreciate it,
 - David
 Is there a way to make the ship clickable? Like onclick have a window pop up? Thanks for this! its awesome
 - Saumya
 This also has conflict with the latest jquery. Please let me know how to compatible this great plugins with latest jquery


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Life on a Colonial New England Farm
Making a Class Presentation
Life on a farm in colonial New England was a real challenge. Using the library or the Internet, find accounts of how New England farm families lived. Then design a multimedia presentation about a typical New England farmer and his family. Be sure to include the social and economic contributions of women in your presentation.
- Create a map of the town in which the farmer and his family lived.
- Dress up like a farmer to discuss the challenges of New England agriculture.
- Create a chart that lists the differences between your family's lifestyle and the colonial family's.


描述
Origin: Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate
Insertion: Condyle of mandible
Artery: Pterygoid branches of maxillary artery
Nerve: External pterygoid nervefrom the mandibular nerve
Action: Depresses mandible
Description:
The lateral pterygoid is a short, thick muscle, somewhat conical in form, which extends almost horizontally between the infratemporal fossa and the condyle of the mandible. It arises by two heads; an upper from the lower part of the lateral surface of the great wing of the sphenoid and from the infratemporal crest; a lower from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate. Its fibers pass horizontally backward and lateralward, to be inserted into a depression in front of the neck of the condyle of the mandible, and into the front margin of the articular disk of the temporomandibular articulation.
影像
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