text:
Ambient Video Channel Provides Viewers With Breathtaking Imagery of Space Leveraging Advanced 4K UHD Technologies From Harmonic
Transmitted in the clear via the SES AMC-18C satellite, NASA TV UHD is remotely produced by Harmonic and jointly operated with NASA. Harmonic is currently in discussions with pay-TV operators to carry the channel on their satellite DTH, cable and optical networks. Tests are underway to enable consumption on a wide range of television and IP-connected devices. The channel will also be available for OTT streaming at a later date, to be determined.
NASA TV UHD consists of eight brand-new TV series designed to explore the various facets of NASA's space program. These include: "ISS Life," documenting life on the space station from the first-person perspective of the astronauts; "Earth View," the astronauts' unique perception of our planet; "Solar System," showing vibrant imagery of the earth's neighboring planets and the sun, including time-lapse videos using solar dynamics observatory images; "Deep Space," animated UHD still imagery captured from the Hubble telescope and other telescopic platforms; "NASA Classics," important highlights from NASA's history, such as the Apollo program; "Mars," an entire program dedicated to the intriguing red planet; "Liftoff," an up-close look at spacecraft launches, including rocket tests; and "Development," detailing the training and R&D efforts that take place before each NASA mission.
"Not only is NASA TV UHD the first consumer UHD channel in North America, the ambient nature of the channel is unlike anything anyone has ever seen before, taking the consumer entertainment experience to a whole new level," said Peter Alexander, chief marketing officer at Harmonic. "Each program featured on NASA TV UHD is composed of long, beautiful shots that can only be described as breathtaking. Delivered in the eight million pixel resolution of the UHD format, it truly is a remarkable viewing experience that would not have been possible without Harmonic's complete solution for Ultra HD video production and delivery. We're happy that the channel is now operational with the first tranche of content."
The NASA TV UHD utilizes an end-to-end solution that includes Harmonic's Ellipse® 3000 contribution encoder, ProView™ 7100 integrated receiver-decoder (IRD), MediaGrid shared storage system, Polaris™ playout management suite, Spectrum™ X advanced media server system, Electra™ X2 and Electra X3 advanced media processors, ProMedia® Origin packager and streaming video server and NSG™ Exo distributed CCAP system.
At the heart of the UHD workflow is Harmonic's Electra X3 advanced media processor, the industry's first converged media processor for UHD content with live, full-frame, full-GOP UHD encoding. Powered by the Harmonic PURE Compression Engine™, an advanced encoding technology that supports resolutions up to 2160p60 (HEVC Main 10) for broadcast and OTT multiscreen delivery, the Electra X3 enables superior video quality at minimum bandwidth.
For more information on Harmonic, instructions for gaining access to the NASA TV UHD channel, and to view the trailer, visit: _URL_
The forward-looking statements contained in this press release are also subject to other risks and uncertainties, such as those more fully described in Harmonic's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec.31, 2014, its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and its Current Reports on Form 8-K. The forward-looking statements in this press release are based on information available to Harmonic as of the date hereof, and Harmonic disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.


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Tales from the Witcher
Jacob Gerstel
Tales from the Witcher showcases serialized, original short stories set in the Witcher universe. Part audiobook and part Actual Play Report, these tales are written and narrated by Jacob Gerstel—and are based on the adventures of his Witcher tabletop roleplaying group. We'll follow the exploits of a stoic Bear School witcher, an alcoholic elven sorcerer, a resourceful craftsman, a lively bard, and others as they try to stay alive during the Third Northern War. There's action and adventure, magic and the mundane, scheming and politics, elves and dwarves, war and peace, and—because it's the Witcher—a touch of philosophy. New episodes every Wednesday.
Recent Episodes


text:
The first history to foreground Title VII's sex provision, Equality on Trial examines how the law's initial promise inspired a generation of Americans to dispatch expansive notions of sex equality. Imagining new solidarities and building a broad class politics, these workers and activists engaged Title VII to generate a pivotal battle over the terms of democracy and the role of the state in all labor relationships. But the law's ambiguity also allowed for narrow conceptions of sex equality to take hold. Conservatives found ways to bend Title VII's possible meanings to their benefit, discovering that a narrow definition of sex equality allowed businesses to comply with the law without transforming basic workplace structures or ceding power to workers. These contests to fix the meaning of sex equality ultimately laid the legal and cultural foundation for the neoliberal work regimes that enabled some women to break the glass ceiling as employers lowered the floor for everyone else.
Synthesizing the histories of work, social movements, and civil rights in the postwar United States, Equality on Trial recovers the range of protagonists whose struggles forged the contemporary meanings of feminism, fairness, and labor rights.A few blurbs:
"Exhaustively researched and cogently argued, Equality on Trial transforms how we think of the 1964 Civil Rights Act's inclusion of sex."—Eileen BorisMore information is available here.
"An extraordinary and extraordinarily important piece of scholarly work. Katherine Turk's Equality on Trial is a stunning achievement: deeply researched, powerfully argued, brilliantly elaborated, attentive to detail, nuance, complexity and contradiction, and never losing sight of the individual lives and livelihood at stake."—Barbara Welke

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


incommensurability is deeper, completely distinct, and very interesting!)
Looking at the code, we see there is a cyclical reference chain: from the mixin user built_from_mixins to a specialisation of the mixin itself my_mixin<built_from_mixins> and back (via Instantiator, which is instantiated to built_from_mixins). These references are a bit strange. We haven't even defined built_from_mixins at the point where we use it to parameterise our mixin instance. Why does the compiler even allow this?
The answer is that of course it's allowed, and the compiler allows it simply by virtue of the usual C++ (and C) rules about incomplete types. Cyclic reference among data type definitions is not unique to mixins. Consider a linked list, where it's no problem to create a recursive "next" pointer inside the list node type. Since pointers-to-incompletes are allowed, and the list node type is just another incomplete type at that location in the code, the code compiles fine.
It takes only a small generalisation to apply this not just to incomplete pointer target types, but more generally to incomplete types used as template parameter instances. Of course we can refer to built_from_mixins inside its own inheritance clause—but we can only do things that we can do with an incomplete type. Using it as a template parameter is one such thing—so long as the template's definition is consistent with its parameter being incomplete. In particular, possible usages of Instantiator inside my_mixin, above, are limited if we want to use the incomplete my_mixin as our Instantiator: we can only do the things we can do with any other incomplete types inside a class definition. Happily, my_mixin's definition sticks to this regime, so is well-formed. Moreover, it itself is a complete data type! (Similarly, if you defined a mutually recursive pair of data types using pointers, whichever one of them you defined first in your source file would be complete immediately, even though it contains a pointer to the yet-to-be-defined second data type.) Being complete, our instantiation of my_mixin is fair game for deriving from. This is what allows us to derive build_from_mixins from my_mixin<built_from_mixins>: the latter is complete, even though its type parameter built_from_mixins (known as Instantiator inside the mixin) isn't.
In fact, we haven't used Instantiator at all inside my_mixin. So, why include it? What can we do with it? Well, we can safely use it in any way we can use any other incomplete type: as a pointer (or reference) target type, or as a type parameter. An example is boost's enable_shared_from_this, a mixin which adds the necessary state and member functions for allowing a class to provide a shared_ptr version of its this pointer. You can't safely create a shared_ptr from a regular pointer in general because you don't know where the target object's reference count lives. The enable_shared_from_this mixin fixes this by embedding a pointer to the refcount, in the guise of a weak_ptr subobject, into the mixing-in class. The guts of enable_shared_from_this are basically as follows.
template<class T> class enable_shared_from_this
{
private:
 mutable weak_ptr<T> weak_this_;
public:
 shared_ptr<T> shared_from_this()
 {
 shared_ptr<T> p( weak_this_ );
 return p;
 }
};
Just as in our first example, we have some private state and a public interface which implement an orthogonal feature that can be "mixed in" to any class. The mixin-instantiating class T is referenced only in an incompleteness-tolerant way, to instantiate other templates and (eventually, inside the definition of weak_ptr, which is not shown) to define a pointer target type.
I've also seen CRTP described as "virtual functions without polymorphic behaviour". What does that mean? Since our mixin has a reference to its instantiating class, it can call its methods—even though the binding to that specific class has not yet been formed. In other words, we have deferred the binding of methods—but not until run time. Rather, we have deferred them to later in compile time, when our templates are elaborated. Let's look at an example.
Let's try to get this deferred binding without using CRTP, but also without using virtual functions. Unsurprisingly, it doesn't work. The best we can do is to try non-polymorphic inheritance, by writing something like this.
class X
{
public:
 void f() { /* unimplemented */ }
 void g() { f(); }
};
class Y : public X
{
public:
 void f() { cout << "Done something"; }
};
Of course, if we call X::g(), it calls X::f() and not G::f(). Using CRTP, we can get it to call G::f() without resorting to virtual functions.
template <class Derived>
class X
{
public:
 void f() { /* unimplemented */ }
 void g() { Derived::f(); }
};
class Y : public X<Y>
{
public:
 void f() { cout << "Done something"; }
};
CRTP allows the base class to leave certain functions undefined, for definition later in many possible derived classes. The derived classes are not derived the usual way, though: they are derived using CRTP, passing the derived class back to the base class as a type parameter.
This sets up a now-familiar kind of cyclic reference: the base class refers to its (potentially many) derived classes, through its template parameter. Having this "forward" reference, down the inheritance hierarchy, as well as the usual backward reference up it, is what allows derivation-time binding. It's also limiting: we can't subsequently "re-override" Y::f(). Y's method bindings are fixed at derivation time. We have to create a new specialization of X and derive immediately from that, using some other means to get at Y's functionality if we need it.
Interestingly, note that it's okay for us to do Derived::f() in our X class template. This is surprising because at the point where we instantiate X, Derived is an incomplete type. I mentioned earlier that we were restricted in what we could do with incomplete template parameters, but in this case, here we are happily calling a method of ours. At definition time, there are at least two possibilities for the code that must be generated at the site of our call to Derived::f(), because f() might be an instance member function or a static. (It could also be a function object overloading operator().) When we instantiate X, if we read the code strictly top-to-bottom, we haven't yet got to the body of Y, so it is not yet decided whether it will define f() as a static or an instance member function. Somehow, the compiler is examining looking ahead at the definition of Y at the point where it elaborates X<Y>, even though Y cannot be complete yet (because we're in the middle of elaborating its base class). I must confess, this is where my understanding of the C++ language runs out. Thte standard contains complicated rules about name lookup in templates—principally the infamous "two-phase name lookup". In short, "unqualified names" in templates are looked up at template definition time, whereas "qualified names" are looked up at instantiation time. Clearly our use of Derived::f() is a qualified name. No doubt there is some part of the standard detailing how the second-phase lookup is permitted (and required) to look into an incomplete type, namely Y in our example (incomplete at the time of X's instantiation), to understand the meaning of Y::f(). I haven't yet found a reference to it though. If anyone can point me to it, I'd be much obliged.
[/devel] permanent link contact
Wed, 27 Jun 2012
32 bits should be enough for anyone
For a brief while, 32-bit Intel machines were the de facto standard in commodity hardware , and life was simple. Certainly, it's an ugly architecture, gigantically overcomplicated by backwards-compatibility. Its virtual addressing features are terrifying. But the subset of it which user-level programmers on modern OSes use is fairly comprehensible. There is an ISA-defined stack with its own registers and a well-defined calling convention. Pointers and most integers are both 32 bits, meaning that the "word" is a useful and well-understood unit of storage.
All this changed in the early 2000s as AMD's 64-bit extension of the ISA came into popularity. Upon us were forced bigger integers


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The Commentaries were the original foundation for legal education in America and a work that would dominate the common law legal system for centuries. Indeed, they had a pervasive and profound impact on the United States Constitution and whose concept of absolute rights formed the basic premise of our Declaration of Independence.
In the Commentaries, Blackstone explained that the basis upon which English Common Law resides is a higher law, the law written by God and found in His scriptures and the created order. Blackstone says, "when the Supreme Being formed the universe, and created matter out of nothing, he impressed certain principles upon that matter, from which it can never depart, and without which it would cease to be." Because of this, William Blackstone argues, "the first and primary end of human laws is to maintain... these absolute [i.e. God-given] rights of individuals." Accordingly, man lacks authority to write a law that contradicts God's law. Blackstone called this concept "ultra vires," which means it is beyond the authority of man to write a law that violates God's law. Blackstone also said that law is fixed, it is uniform, and it is universal. It does not change based on who the President is, or who holds judicial positions. It is the same law for everyone at all times and in all places.
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Data: Analysis of Wearable Tech Readouts
This is my take on Peer Assessment 1 for the sixth course in the Coursera Data Science Specialization, "Reproducible Research". It involves a simple data analysis but is meant more to demonstrate a familiarity with reproducible research workflow using R markdown and the knitr package. The assignment specifies that the code must be shown for each step, so I'll begin by setting the global option to echo code.
echo=TRUE
This analysis requires the following packages:
 - dplyr
 - ggplot2
 - reshape2
Next we'll load the data, which is a dataset containing the readout from wearable tech monitoring the amount of steps taken in five minute intervals. It has three variables
 - steps: Number of steps taken in a 5-minute interval with missing values coded as NA
 - date: The date on which the measurement was taken in YYYY-MM-DD format
 - interval: Indentifier for the 5-minute interval in which the measurement was taken.
It's stored in a CSV file with 17,568 total observations. Let's load that now:
download.file("_URL_ destfile = "./repdata-data-activity.zip", method = "curl")
unzip("./repdata-data-activity.zip")
data <- read.csv("./activity.csv", colClasses=c("integer","Date","numeric"))
##Section 1:
The first question on the assignment asks us to calculate the total number of steps taken per day and then plot it into a histogram. I like using dplyr for this kind of stuff, so if you don't have it installed go ahead and do that. Thank me later. I like ggplot2 for plotting but that comes down to preference
library(dplyr)
##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
##
## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter
##
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
groupSteps <- group_by(data, date)
steps <- summarise(groupSteps,
 total = sum(steps, na.rm = TRUE))
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(steps, aes(date, total)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity", colour = "black", fill = "black", width = 0.7) + labs(title = " Total Number of Steps Taken Each Day", x = "Date", y = "Steps")
Screen Shot 2015-03-16 at 7.54.28 PM
The assignment then asks us to calculate and report the mean and median of the total number of steps taken per day:
summary(steps$total)
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0 6778 10400 9354 12810 21190
Swag.
##Section 2:
Section number two asks us to make a time series plot of the 5-minute interval (x-axis) and the average number of steps taken, averaged across all days (y-axis)
data2 <- data[complete.cases(data),]
groupSteps2 <- group_by(data2, interval)
steps2 <- summarise(groupSteps2,
 avg = mean(steps))
ggplot(steps2, aes(interval, avg)) + geom_line(colour = "black", fill = "black", width = 0.7) + labs(title = "Average Steps By Interval", x = "Interval", y = "Steps")
Screen Shot 2015-03-16 at 7.54.21 PM
Then it asks which interval has the highest average value
steps2[steps2$avg == max(steps2$avg),]
## Source: local data frame [1 x 2]
##
## interval avg
## _PHONE_
##Section 3:
Section 3 first asks what the total number of missing values is in the data set
sum(is.na(data))
## [1] 2304
Then it asks us to fill these observations with some kind of data, mean or median will work.
data3 <- data
mean <- mean(!is.na(data$steps))
data3[is.na(data3)] <- mean
Then it asks us create a histogram of the total number of steps per day then calculate the mean and median total steps per day. We'll just crib the function from the first section.
groupSteps3 <- group_by(data3, date)
steps <- summarise(groupSteps,
 total = sum(steps))
ggplot(steps, aes(date, total)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity", colour = "black", fill = "black", width = 0.7) + labs(title = " Total Number of Steps Taken Each Day", x = "Date", y = "Steps")
Screen Shot 2015-03-16 at 7.54.15 PM Then we have to calculate and report the mean and median. Easy enough.
mean(data3$steps)
## [1] 32.59391
median(data3$steps)
## [1] 0
##Section 4:
Finally, the assignment asks if there are different activity levels on weekdays vs. weekends. First we have to make a new factor variable denoting whether each day is a weekend or weekday. I used gsub for each day, and it's a little tedious so if you have a more elegant solution I'm open to suggestion!
data4 <- data
data4 <- mutate(data4, weekdays = weekdays(date))
data4[,4] <- gsub("Monday", "Weekday", data4[,4])
data4[,4] <- gsub("Tuesday", "Weekday", data4[,4])
data4[,4] <- gsub("Wednesday", "Weekday", data4[,4])
data4[,4] <- gsub("Thursday", "Weekday", data4[,4])
data4[,4] <- gsub("Friday", "Weekday", data4[,4])
data4[,4] <- gsub("Saturday", "Weekend", data4[,4])
data4[,4] <- gsub("Sunday", "Weekend", data4[,4])
Then we make the graph in much the same way we made the one in section 2. I put both lines on the same graph because I felt it's easier to compare that way than doing it in panels like Dr. Peng did.
data4 <- data4[complete.cases(data4),]
weekday <- filter(data4, data4[,4] == "Weekday")
groupWeekday <- group_by(weekday, interval)
newWeekday <- summarise(groupWeekday,
 avg = mean(steps))
weekend <- filter(data4, data4[,4] == "Weekend")
groupWeekend <- group_by(weekend, interval)
newWeekend <- summarise(groupWeekend,
 avg = mean(steps))
library(reshape2)
total <- cbind(newWeekday, newWeekend[,2])
colnames(total) <- c("Interval", "Weekday Average", "Weekend Average")
total <- melt(total, id.vars = "Interval")
ggplot(total, aes(Interval, value), group = variable) + geom_line(aes(color=variable, width = 0.7)) + labs(title = "Average Steps By Interval", x = "Interval", y = "Steps")
Screen Shot 2015-03-16 at 7.58.32 PM
That should be everything! Thanks for reading and good luck in the rest of the class!
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text:
Following up hist bestseller, The Blessed Life, Pastor Robert Morris provides biblical principles to help you achieve your financial goals and live abundantly.
Do you want to remove your financial stress? Would you like to get out of debt, reach your financial goals, experience the joy God intends, and have the freedom to bless others with your resources? Who doesn't?!
In The Blessed Life, Pastor Robert Morris revealed how generosity is an essential component of finding God's favor. Now, in Beyond Blessed, he teaches the importance of being a good steward, not only with your finances, but also with every part of your life. Pastor Morris will encourage you to become a greater manager of your money, and give you practical lessons on taking your finances to the next level.
Biblical principles, personal stories, and incredible testimonies come together in this book to teach you how to be a good steward. Learn to properly manage your finances, and invite blessings into all areas of your life. This is your guide to increasing and going further with what God gives you, so you can live beyond blessed.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A Long Saturday (Hardcover)
University of Chicago Press, 9780226350387, 144pp.
Publication Date: March 8, 2017
In a stimulating series of conversations, Steiner and journalist Laure Adler discuss a range of topics, including Steiner's boyhood in Vienna and Paris, his education at the University of Chicago and Harvard, and his early years in academia. Books are a touchstone throughout, but Steiner and Adler's conversations also range over music, chess, psychoanalysis, the place of Israel in Jewish life, and beyond. Blending thoughts on subjects of broad interest in the humanities—the issue of honoring Richard Wagner and Martin Heidegger in spite of their politics, or Virginia Woolf's awareness of the novel as a multivocal form, for example—with personal reflections on life and family, Steiner demonstrates why he is considered one of today's greatest minds. Revealing and exhilarating, A Long Saturday invites readers to pull up a chair and listen in on a conversation with a master.
About the Author
Teresa Lavender Fagan is a freelance translator living in Chicago; she has translated numerous books for the University of Chicago Press and other publishers.


text:
Reactive Hyperemia in Legs of Dogs:
Effects of Temperature and Intravascular Tension
1. In normal dogs 5- and 10-minute occlusions of the femoral artery were followed by periods of reactive hyperemia (RH) whose duration closely approximated the length of occlusion. The resulting vasodilatation repaid about 50% of the blood flow debt, which was calculated from the flow rate measured just prior to occlusion.
2. When the animal's body temperature was lowered to 32°C, the duration and percentage blood flow debt repaid decreased to about one-half and one-third, respectively, of that found at 40°C. Observations of RH during rewarming revealed progressive increases in debt repayment and duration of the hyperemic period. The temperature characteristics of RH suggested that thermolabile factors were responsible for the vasodilatation that resulted from arterial occlusion.
3. Venous occlusion was followed by RH that was considerably reduced, resulting in a debt repayment of about one-fourth of that attained after arterial occlusion. The possibility that high transmural pressure might be a factor in reducing the intensity of RH that followed venous blockage was investigated. However, when a pressure equivalent to that in the carotid artery was maintained in the vasculature by pumping venous blood into the leg with its artery and vein clamped, the RH following restoration of blood flow closely resembled that induced by arterial clamping only. When arterial blood was infused, RH was reduced to the level seen after simple venous occlusion. It was concluded from these results that during venous occlusion some arterial blood entered the vascular bed, and brought with it chemical factors that reduced the degree of vasodilatation. Since total absence of arterial blood inflow was required to cause maximal dilatation, it may be that oxygen lack was involved in relaxation of the vascular wall, as has been implied by the work of investigators using other techniques.
- Accepted October 19, 1964.
- © 1965 American Heart Association, Inc.


text:
Spanish geological and environmental consultancy, GeoAmbient, is using a Tiger as part of its subsoil investigation activities.
Tiger, chosen for its humidity resistant, ATEX accredited MiniPID 2 PID sensor, the high performance, handheld VOC detector is being used across outdoor sites, on a year-round basis.
Albert Sabanès comments: "At GeoAmbient, we keep updated on the latest technical developments for our industry through regular communication with suppliers, the internet and by maintaining professional relationships. As a result of this on-going research, we became aware of the benefits offered by the Ion Science Tiger system, including its very good, market-leading MiniPID 2 sensor. We conduct subsoil investigation so it is very important to have in situ information of polluted soils to help us decide the best place to take a sample. Our technical teams work on outdoor sites during all weather conditions so the Tiger's humidity resistant sensor was the most important feature for our business. Of course, the anti-contamination design was also vital to avoid cross pollution and ensure data integrity."
About the Tiger
The Tiger handheld VOC detector is a revolutionary handheld gas detection instrument for the rapid, accurate detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within the harshest of environments.
Tiger incorporates Ion Science patented photoionisation detection (PID) sensor technology with humidity resistance and anti-contamination design, proven to dramatically extend run time in the field.
A robust VOC detector Tiger provides a dynamic detection range of 0 to 20,000 parts per million (ppm) with a minimum sensitivity of 0.001ppm (1 ppb), offering the widest measurement range of any other VOC detector on the market.
This handheld VOC detector has the fastest response time on the market of just two seconds and is just as quick to clear down. The instrument can be connected directly to a PC via the USB offering extremely fast data download capabilities.
Tiger has been designed for the safe replacement of batteries in hazardous environments. Long-life rechargeable Li-ion batteries give up to 24 hours of use. Fast battery charging allows the instrument to be fully charged in 6.5 hours, while 8 hours of use can be achieved from 1.5 hours charge.
Low-cost filters and lamps can be easily changed in seconds, minimising instrument downtime. Inexpensive disposable parts mean the Tiger VOC detector has the lowest running costs on the market.
Tiger is a fully upgradeable VOC detector with multiple functions to choose from. A base unit can be upgraded with data logging, health and safety and ppb options, remotely, without needing to be returned to the factory.
Tiger offers simple, one-handed operation for easy VOC detection. Its rugged design and protective, removable rubber boot withstand the harshest environments.
The large, clear back-lit display allows for easy viewing in any light condition. An integrated torch is designed for directing the instrument's probe into dimly lit areas.
Ready to use on start-up the Tiger VOC detector needs no complex set up procedures via a PC to perform basic functions. Its simple-to-use software features require minimal user training.
Tiger uses the same PID sensor technology found within all Ion Science handheld, personal and fixed VOC detectors. This ground-breaking PID technology is widely used and trusted by major gas detection manufacturers worldwide.


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F197 / MAGNET_EDAG-197
Why am I receiving this error message
You have used a combination of calculation code, zone and rate for employer's national insurance contributions which is incorrect.
You may have received the error message because you have:
- specified an incorrect calculation code
- specified an incorrect zone for employer's national insurance contributions
- specified an incorrect rate for employer's national insurance contributions
Do I have to correct the error
Yes, the a-melding contains errors and/or omissions which you must correct.
You must correct the error by the deadline for submitting the a-melding for the calendar month in which you received the error message.
How to correct the error
- Check the contribution basis, zone, rate and calculation code you specified for each enterprise. If you are not sure what is correct, see the explanatory information concerning employer's national insurance contributions.
- Correct anything that is wrong.
- Submit the a-melding when you have corrected the error. If you use a payroll system, check with your system supplier if you are not sure how to make corrections in your system.
Example – incorrect rate
A retail store submits an a-melding for May with the following information concerning employer's national insurance contributions: zone = 1, rate = 0 and calculation code = "general industries".
The store receives error message MAGNET_EDAG-197 because it is not possible to have a rate of 0 when the zone is "1" and the calculation code is "general industries".


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Researchers at the University of Sydney have come up with a mathematical model verified by software implementation that can more than halve the energy consumption of processors in data centres at little or no operational cost.
The Energy Conscious Scheduling algorithm (ECS) has been patented by Dr Young Choon Leeand Professor Albert Zomaya at the university's Centre for Distributed and High Performance Computing. Dr Lee and Professor Zomaya are now developing an ECS prototype, with a view to commercialising their research by 2011.
Power consumption by servers has more than doubled since 2000; estimates suggest electricity use for servers worldwide cost about $US7.2 billion in 2005. Companies are increasingly looking to curb these energy costs and their ensuing greenhouse gas as demand for computing and data storage capacities continues to grow exponentially.
"The growing popularity of cloud computing will help IT managers reduce data centre energy costs, but more research needs to be done before large organisations can fully entrust their precious data in cloud technology," says Professor Zomaya.
"ECS will work well on cloud systems as they mature but will give a more immediate means for organisations to reduce their data centre's energy consumption. With demand for computing and data storage capacities growing exponentially, this world first will make a valuable contribution to both the environment to and organisations' bottom line."
ECS uses processors" so-called Dynamic Voltage Scaling capability to map computational tasks such as those arising in scientific, engineering and business applications (eg astronomy, chemistry, life sciences and financial forecasting) in order to minimise completion time and energy use.
"Computations are typically comprised of interdependent tasks, so the need to wait for a parent task to complete can create slack and therefore wastage," Professor Zomaya says. "When ECS is employed with the help of DVS capability, mapping decisions between processors, supply voltages, and tasks are streamlined to significantly lower the amount of energy required at any given time.
"This reduces slack and creates energy savings of between 10-60 per cent."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: The application of the time reversal method in pipe-like structures based on finite element method (FEM) is investigated. A steel pipe model measuring 70 mm × 3.5 mm is used to analyze the reflection coefficient of the (0,2) mode with the time reversal process. Simulation results show that the time reversal array method is beneficial to the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of a guided wave inspection system. As the intercepting window is widened, more energy is included in re-emitted signals, which leads to a large reflection coefficient of the (0,2) mode. In parallel, a circumferential locating method based on the time reversal method is described. The time reversal process used for guided wave inspection leads to the temporal and spatial focusing. When the time reversal signals are re-emitted, the angular profile obtained at the axial location of the defect can be used to determine the circumferential location of the defect. Except for a pipe with one defect, the circumferential locating method has been verified on another pipe model with two defects. Meanwhile, the elements number of the time reversal array has been discussed for enhancing the discrimination of the defect circumferential location.


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- This event has passed.
Dr. Slime: Exploring Space
July 16, 2019 @ 11:00 am - 12:00 pm| Main Library (Traverse City)
Join wacky scientist Dr. Slime and his slime green hair as we explore comets, star light, and the ultra-cold temperatures of space. Activities include making a scale model of a comet and exploring the dissection of star light to determine the elements of space as well as the weird chemicals formed in deep space. We'll also look at actual meteorites and melted sand and glass from meteorite impacts. This is a family program.
This program is part of TADL's A Universe of Stories Summer Reading Club.


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Ranked #21 of 45 attractions in Penang Island
Category: Art Museums; History Museums
Penang State Museum and Art Gallery Officially open in 1962, the Museum houses a fine collection of old photographs, maps,...
Penang State Museum and Art Gallery Officially open in 1962, the Museum houses a fine collection of old photographs, maps, charts and other historical relics. There are also Malay daggers (keris), Chinese furniture, embroidery and paintings of old Penang. At the Penang State Museum there are also interesting sections which recounts the bloody nine days of rioting between Chinese secret societies in 1867, attributed by bewildered British authorities to a rambutan-throwing incident. Georgetown suffered a near civil war before the administrators took a firm hand. The societies were heavily fined and the proceeds used to build police stations which subsequently kept the peace. The Penang State Art Gallery on the other hand is situated at a different premise which is at Dewan Sri Pinang, Light Street, a stone thrown away from the Museum premise. There are two Art Galleries which is situated in Dewan Sri Pinang. The Art Gallery on the Ground floor displays the works of local artists and is the venue for special exhibitions meanwhile the exhibition hall at the 3rd Floor housed the Permanent Collection which comprises of paintings donated or bought from the artists.


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Trip to Singapore ReportJuly 11, 2017
The School, organised an exciting and fun filled five-day long excursion-cum-educational trip to Singapore for 19 students escorted by two teachers, Ms Leena Singhal (Jr HM) and Ms Sonal Khurana from May 28th to June 2nd, 2017. The Singapore journey was really exhilarating from day one as the students were all charged up to explore a new place, often referred to as 'The Lion City'. The adventure packed five-day tour that included visits to 'The Merlion,' the iconic landmark of Singapore and the Singapore Science Centre, exhibiting innovative experiments and models formed a great learning experience for children. The visits to the thrilling Night Safari and the Jurong Bird Park, relaxing at Silosa Beach in Sentosa Island and the fun-filled thrilling rides at the Universal Studios were the other added attractions.
The trip aimed at providing opportunities to students to explore the world outside the classroom, to learn, appreciate and understand different cultures and nationalities and carry back unforgettable and cherished memories.


Formula Used
1 Gray = _PHONE_ Microsievert
1 Gray = _PHONE_ Microsievert
Other Gray Conversions
Grays to Microsieverts Conversion
Gy stands for grays and μSv stands for microsieverts. The formula used in grays to microsieverts conversion is 1 Gray = _PHONE_ Microsievert. In other words, 1 gray is _PHONE_ times bigger than a microsievert. To convert all types of measurement units, you can used this tool which is able to provide you conversions on a scale.
Convert Gray to Microsievert
How to convert gray to microsievert? In the absorbed dose measurement, first choose gray from the left dropdown and microsievert from the right dropdown, enter the value you want to convert and click on 'convert'. Want a reverse calculation from microsievert to gray? You can check our microsievert to gray converter.
FAQ about converter
How many Rad is 1 Gray?
How many Millirad is 1 Gray?
How many Joule per Kilogram is 1 Gray?
1 Gray is equal to 1 Joule per Kilogram. 1 Gray is 1 times Smaller than 1 Joule per Kilogram.
Grays to Microsieverts Converter
Units of measurement use the International System of Units, better known as SI units, which provide a standard for measuring the physical properties of matter. Measurement like absorbed dose finds its use in a number of places right from education to industrial usage. Be it buying grocery or cooking, units play a vital role in our daily life; and hence their conversions. helps in the conversion of different units of measurement like Gy to μSv through multiplicative conversion factors. When you are converting absorbed dose, you need a Grays to Microsieverts converter that is elaborate and still easy to use. Converting Gray to Microsievert is easy, for you only have to select the units first and the value you want to convert. If you encounter any issues to convert, this tool is the answer that gives you the exact conversion of units. You can also get the formula used in Gray to Microsievert conversion along with a table representing the entire conversion.
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- a few stems of bright, white flowers such as chrysanthemums, gerberas or carnations
- jars filled with water and various shades of liquid or gel food colouring
She then went back to her original observational drawing and added the colours where they had appeared on the flowers. We talked about comparing the pictures and how they represented the changes we had seen.
We have stuck this drawing, along with some annotations made by me, into a new scrap book to keep track of our investigations and activities. Cakie is very excited about it and wants to show it to everyone at the moment!
What they are learning while they play:
science/ knowledge and understanding of the world: performing a simple science experiment, making predictions and observations, understanding the parts of a plant, learning how water moves through a plant, drawing simple conclusions
creativity: drawing from observation and noticing changes in appearance
Bean: 12 mos
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Delivered by FeedBurnerJoin us on The Imagination Tree facebook page for daily play ideas and conversation with the early years community!
See our huge range of Spring play and creative activities here!


text: We present a new approach for personalizing Web search results to a specific user. Ranking functions for Web search engines are typically trained by machine learning algorithms using either direct human relevance judgments or indirect judgments obtained from click-through data from millions of users. The rankings are thus optimized to this generic population of users, not to any specific user. We propose a generative model of relevance which can be used to infer the relevance of a document to a specific user for a search query. The user-specific parameters of this generative model constitute a compact user profile. We show how to learn these profiles from a user's long-term search history. Our algorithm for computing the personalized ranking is simple and has little computational overhead. We evaluate our personalization approach using historical search data from thousands of users of a major Web search engine. Our findings demonstrate gains in retrieval performance for queries with high ambiguity, with particularly large improvements for acronym queries.


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By Farhad Naibkhel-KABUL: To improve agricultural productivity and profitability, Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) has laid foundation stone of 13 agricultural laboratories here on Tuesday.
Construction of the laboratories will complete within next one year at a total cost of one million USD, provided by the World Bank (WB).
After construction, the laboratories will have a great impact on the poverty alleviation and food security in the country while improving crop production.
The modern agricultural laboratories will help the farmers to control plant diseases and enhance fertility of soil. The laboratories will diagnose diseases, restore and improve fertility of soil and prevent alien plant invasion, the deputy minister for agriculture, Mir Amanuddin Haidari, said.
Speaking at the ceremony, he said that farmers have lost one-third of their harvest due to different diseases across the country.
Use of chemicals in farms also has side effects on harvest and soil. MAIL is trying best to follow the international standards and reduce use of chemicals in the farms, he added.
Pitching for greater use of research and modern methods for boosting the agriculture sector, the deputy minister said that in order to help farmers to have access to approved and quality pesticides and fertilizers construction of such laboratories was necessary in the country.
He said that after establishment of the laboratories, the labs would introduce pesticides and fertilizers to farmers that would improve crop production while having no side effect.
Speaking about the melon farms affected by diseases in the over past two years, he said that due to insecurity and absence of control mechanism the ministry failed to prevent spread of some plant diseases.
"These laboratories will help us to control the diseases on time. Earlier, when the test and analysis reports were sent abroad it cost much. The laboratories will resolve this problem," he said.
The deputy minister vowed to hire qualified and professional staff for the laboratories. He added that a group of people who were trained abroad would return to Afghanistan and work in the 13 laboratories. He said that another group would be sent abroad for training in the near future.
In September 2015, MAIL in cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations kicked off a national strategy on women's contribution in agriculture development.
The strategy was signed by the Ministry of MAIL, Assadullah Zamir, and Tomio Shichiri, representative of FAO in Afghanistan. Launching of the strategy was aimed at strengthening the role of women in agriculture development and improvement of families' food security.
Assadullah Zamir said that it is a five-year strategy which will be implemented in three stages across the country. He said that the purpose of the strategy is to empower women and improve food security.
"Women account for nearly 40 percent of the agriculture labor force in Afghanistan and the strategy will review the current contribution of women in the sector," he added.
He stressed that agricultural development can lead to economic growth, adding that women by learning new techniques of farming can play a key role in improving economy of their families.


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Why should we focus on human rights in the aftermath of a natural disaster? Governments and the international community are obligated—legally, politically, and morally—to undertake recovery efforts in ways that are consistent with the human rights of those most affected by disaster.
The December 26, 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami took the lives of more than 200,000 children, women, and men. Hundreds of thousands more were injured and millions displaced. Recognized as one of the worst natural disasters in recorded human history, the Indian Ocean tsunami remains a global issue. People in fourteen countries were directly affected as well as thousands of tourists from other parts of Asia, and from the European Union, Australia, the United States, and Canada. Like the 2005 Katrina disaster in our own country, the Indian Ocean tsunami marked a turning point for some in the human rights movement. The world is beginning to recognize that human rights protections must be an integral part of disaster prevention and planning, humanitarian assistance, and rebuilding efforts.
Indian Ocean tsunami, discrimination, right to work, rights of vulnerable groups, displaced persons
Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004), Human rights, Right to health, Right to housing, Right to labor, Refugees
Human Rights Law
Author retains copyright
Lewis, Hope, "Human rights and natural disaster : the Indian Ocean tsunami" (2006). School of Law Faculty Publications. Paper 3. _URL_
Click button above to open, or right-click to save.


Confidentiality—training materials
 - Confidentiality—training materials
Confidentiality—training materials
These training materials contain template PowerPoint slides and associated notes for use by a trainer when outlining the law relating to the protection of confidential information. Topics covered include: the meaning of confidential information; the effect of breach of confidentiality; laws governing confidentiality; confidentiality agreements; definitions of confidential information; authorised recipients; purpose and duration of confidential information; remedies; handling breaches of confidentiality; arrangements with subcontractors.
The training materials are customisable.
Click the link below to download the PowerPoint presentation.
 1. Law:
 1. Meaning of confidential information
 2. Effect of breach of confidentiality
 3. Laws governing confidentiality
 2. Confidentiality agreements:
 1. Format
 2. Defining confidential information
 3. Parties and recipients
Popular documents


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- 1 What You Need to Know About 200 Amp Service Wire
- 1.1 What is 200 Amp Service Wire
- 1.2 Benefits of 200 Amp Service Wire
- 1.3 Increased Power Capacity
- 1.4 Video:What You Need to Know About 200 Amp Service Wire
- 1.4.1 Electrical panel wiring. Working on live utility wire in residential panel upgrades and change outs
- 1.4.2 Upgrading Your Underground Electrical Service On Your Home
- 1.4.3 How to install 200 amp sub panel
- 1.4.4 How To Wire a House Main Electrical Panel Load Center & Layout Tips Full Step By Step Process 200Amp
What You Need to Know About 200 Amp Service Wire
When it comes to electrical systems, one important component to consider is the amp service wire. The amp service wire is responsible for carrying the electrical current from the main power source to the various circuits in your home or building. In this article, we will discuss what you need to know about 200 amp service wire.
A 200 amp service wire is a type of electrical wire that is capable of carrying a maximum current of 200 amps. This wire is typically used in residential and commercial buildings where a higher amount of electrical power is required. It is important to use the correct amp service wire for your electrical system to ensure safety and efficiency.
One important factor to consider when choosing a 200 amp service wire is the material it is made of. The most common materials used for amp service wire are copper and aluminum. Copper is known for its high conductivity and durability, making it an excellent choice for amp service wire. Aluminum, on the other hand, is less expensive but has a lower conductivity compared to copper.
Another important consideration when choosing a 200 amp service wire is the size or gauge of the wire. The size of the wire determines its capacity to carry electrical current. In general, the larger the wire gauge, the higher the ampacity or current-carrying capacity of the wire. It is important to consult with a professional electrician to determine the appropriate size of the 200 amp service wire for your electrical system.
What is 200 Amp Service Wire
200 amp service wire refers to the type of electrical wiring that is used to carry a maximum current of 200 amps. It is commonly used in residential and commercial buildings to provide a higher capacity for electrical power distribution.
The amp, short for ampere, is the unit of electric current. It measures the rate at which electric charge flows through a wire or conductor. A 200 amp service wire is designed to handle a larger amount of current compared to lower amp service wires.
Service wire is the electrical cable that connects the main electrical panel or meter to the utility power source. It is responsible for carrying the electricity from the power source to the building's electrical system. The 200 amp service wire is specifically designed to handle the higher current demands of a 200 amp electrical service.
Using a 200 amp service wire allows for a greater capacity to power electrical appliances, lighting, and other electrical devices in a building. It provides a higher level of electrical service and can support larger electrical loads.
It is important to choose the correct size and type of service wire for a 200 amp electrical service. The wire must be able to handle the maximum current without overheating or causing a fire hazard. It should also be properly insulated to protect against electrical shock.
In addition to the amp rating, service wire is also classified by its voltage rating and insulation type. Common types of service wire include copper and aluminum conductors. Copper is often preferred for its higher conductivity, while aluminum is more cost-effective for longer runs.
|Type||Conductor Material||Insulation Type|
|THHN/THWN||Copper or Aluminum||Thermoplastic|
|XHHW||Copper or Aluminum||Cross-linked Polyethylene|
|USE-2||Aluminum||Underground Service Entrance|
When installing a 200 amp service wire, it is important to follow local electrical codes and regulations. This ensures that the wiring is done safely and meets the necessary requirements for electrical installations.
In summary, 200 amp service wire is a type of electrical wiring that is designed to handle a maximum current of 200 amps. It provides a higher capacity for electrical power distribution in residential and commercial buildings. The wire must be chosen based on its amp rating, voltage rating, and insulation type to ensure safe and efficient electrical service.
Definition and Purpose
The term "200 amp service" refers to the electrical service capacity of a building or property. It represents the maximum amount of electrical current that can be safely supplied to the building. The term "amp" is short for ampere, which is the unit of electric current measurement.
The purpose of a 200 amp service wire is to provide a sufficient amount of electrical power to meet the demands of modern households and commercial buildings. It allows for the use of multiple high-power appliances and devices simultaneously without overloading the electrical system.
A 200 amp service wire is typically used in larger residential properties, multi-family buildings, and commercial establishments. It is capable of supplying enough power to run air conditioning units, electric heating systems, large kitchen appliances, and other high-power devices.
The installation of a 200 amp service wire requires careful planning and adherence to electrical codes and regulations. It involves connecting the service wire from the utility power source to the main electrical panel of the building. The main electrical panel then distributes the power to various circuits throughout the building.
In summary, a 200 amp service wire is essential for providing a sufficient amount of electrical power to meet the needs of modern households and commercial buildings. It allows for the safe and efficient operation of multiple high-power appliances and devices simultaneously.
Importance for Electrical Systems
The 200 amp service wire is an essential component of electrical systems. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe and efficient distribution of electricity throughout a building or property. Here are some reasons why the proper installation and maintenance of 200 amp service wire are important:
- Capacity: The 200 amp service wire is designed to handle a higher electrical load compared to lower amp wires. This means that it can accommodate the power requirements of larger electrical systems, such as those found in commercial or industrial buildings.
- Safety: Properly installed and maintained 200 amp service wire helps prevent electrical overloads, which can lead to overheating, electrical fires, or damage to electrical appliances and equipment. It ensures that the electrical system can handle the demand without causing any safety hazards.
- Reliability: With a 200 amp service wire, the electrical system can provide a consistent and reliable power supply to all connected devices and appliances. This is especially important in settings where uninterrupted power is critical, such as hospitals, data centers, or manufacturing facilities.
- Future-Proofing: Installing a 200 amp service wire allows for future expansion and upgrades of the electrical system. It provides the capacity to handle increased electrical loads as new technologies and devices are added to the system.
- Code Compliance: Many electrical codes and regulations require the use of a 200 amp service wire for certain types of buildings or installations. By using the appropriate wire size, property owners can ensure compliance with these codes and avoid potential penalties or legal issues.
In summary, the 200 amp service wire is a critical component of electrical systems, offering increased capacity, safety, reliability, future-proofing capabilities, and compliance with electrical codes. It is important to consult with a qualified electrician for the proper installation and maintenance of the 200 amp service wire to ensure optimal performance and safety.
Benefits of 200 Amp Service Wire
The use of a 200 amp service wire offers several benefits for residential and commercial electrical systems. Here are some of the advantages:
- Increased Capacity: A 200 amp service wire provides a higher electrical capacity compared to lower amp options. This means that it can handle more electrical load and support larger appliances and equipment.
- Flexibility: With a higher amp rating, the 200 amp service wire allows for more flexibility in designing and expanding electrical systems. It provides the necessary power for future upgrades or additions without the need for extensive rewiring.
- Improved Safety: The use of a 200 amp service wire ensures that the electrical system is capable of handling the power demands of modern households or commercial buildings. This reduces the risk of overloading the system, which can lead to electrical hazards such as overheating or electrical fires.
- Efficiency: A 200 amp service wire allows for more efficient distribution of electricity throughout the building. It minimizes voltage drops and ensures that all electrical devices receive the required power without experiencing fluctuations or interruptions.
- Compatibility: Many modern electrical appliances and equipment require a 200 amp service wire to function properly. By using this wire, you can ensure that your electrical system is compatible with a wide range of devices, making it easier to install and use the latest technology.
- Resale Value: Installing a 200 amp service wire can increase the resale value of your property. Potential buyers are more likely to be interested in a property that has a modern and capable electrical system, which can accommodate their power needs.
In conclusion, a 200 amp service wire offers increased capacity, flexibility, improved safety, efficiency, compatibility, and can enhance the resale value of a property. It is a reliable and essential component for modern electrical systems.
Increased Power Capacity
One of the main advantages of using 200 amp service wire is its increased power capacity. The term "200 amp" refers to the maximum amount of electrical current that the wire can safely carry. This higher capacity allows for the use of more powerful electrical appliances and devices in a residential or commercial setting.
With 200 amp service wire, you can power a wide range of electrical equipment, including large air conditioning units, electric


Mom with a Plate of Oysters on the Half Shell
Mom with a plate of oysters
My Mom's favorite part of a meal is usually the free bread and butter at the beginning.
I have never been able to convince her to eat anything raw of the kingdom Animalia. Artful presentations of hamachi sashimi, lamb tartare, and oysters on the half shell have yet to tempt her into betraying the exclusive relationship she keeps with cooked meat dishes.
Of course we've all met many people like this, and I've recently noticed that most of them have right-wing political leanings*. Can anyone else confirm these findings, and if so, what new insight can this give us into the nature of human beings?
Humans are the only species that cook their food, as far as my research has told me:
Is this unique process of food preparation something to be embraced and championed, or used with modesty and restraint?
Does the cooking of the skin and flesh of fellow animals represent a measure of safety against bacteria, or a comfortable layer of abstraction from the formerly breathing entity we are now dipping in tangy sauce and putting into our mouths?
Is a person who eats raw meat more or less likely to help you out when times are tough? And who's more likely to recycle their glass, papers and plastics?
These are some of the unanswered questions I have.
*However, I would characterize my mother's location on the political compass as Authoritarian Left.


Adolf Butenandt
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939
Born: 24 March 1903, Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany
Died: 18 January 1995, Munich, Germany
Affiliation at the time of the award: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, Berlin University, Berlin, Germany
Prize motivation: "for his work on sex hormones."
Adolf Butenandt was caused by the authorities of his country to decline the award but he later received the diploma and the medal.
Prize share: 1/2
Hormones are substances that transfer signals between the body's cells and organs and regulate bodily functions. In the 1930s Adolf Butenandt contributed to the mapping of several hormones that specifically apply to men and women, respectively. After determining the composition of the female sex hormone estrogen, he was able to determine the structure for this hormone and a related hormone, estriol. He was also able to produce a male sex hormone in pure form for the first time and to determine its chemical composition. It was named androsterone.
To cite this section
MLA style: Adolf Butenandt – Facts. Nobel Media AB 2021. Tue. 20 Apr 2021. <>
Explore prizes and laureates


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Recentering Open: Critical and global perspectives
10-11 April 2019, National University of Ireland, Galway
We are looking forward to welcoming you in Galway. Registration for OER19 is now closed as event is sold out but you find out more about sessions that will be live streamed. The OER Conference will focus on the following themes:
- Back to basics – asking difficult questions about open education:
- Why open?
- Open for whom?
- Whose interests are served?
- In what ways has the open agenda been appropriated, and what are the implications of this?
- The geopolitics of open education, bringing open in from the periphery
- The open ecosystem: How is open education part of the broader ecosystem of "opens"?
- What does it mean to illuminate open by considering context?
- How can historical perspectives contribute to understanding the issues faced in the open education movement today?
- Links between critical digital literacies, critical data literacies, and openness
- What open business models are emerging? What are the paths to sustainability?
- What are the risks and challenges to the open education agenda?
The conference will be co-chaired by Laura Czerniewicz and Catherine Cronin. Read more about the conference co-chairs.


Demonstration Informed Specification Search
This paper considers the problem of learning history dependent task specifications, e.g. automata and temporal logic, from expert demonstrations. Unfortunately, the (countably infinite) number of tasks under consideration combined with an a-priori ignorance of what historical features are needed to encode the demonstrated task makes existing approaches to learning tasks from demonstrations inapplicable. To address this deficit, we propose Demonstration Informed Specification Search (DISS): a family of algorithms parameterized by black box access to (i) a maximum entropy planner and (ii) an algorithm for identifying concepts, e.g., automata, from labeled examples. DISS works by alternating between (i) conjecturing labeled examples to make the demonstrations less surprising and (ii) sampling concepts consistent with the current labeled examples. In the context of tasks described by deterministic finite automata, we provide a concrete implementation of DISS that efficiently combines partial knowledge of the task and a single expert demonstration to identify the full task specification.
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You wrote an article _URL_ Your graph Cold Air intake at 92 ambient. What units is the flow in? I think Im confused also. Shouldnt the flow rate go up with RPM? Have you ever done a map of RPM versus flow rate or have any idea what the exhaust flow rate is at idle? Thanks. Trying to blow myself up!
Actually, the Jeep Wrangler features a MAP sensor as opposed to a MAF sensor. MAP measures manifold air pressure while MAF measures manifold air flow. Soooo – I cannot measure the air flow directly. However, if you look at the provided equations, you can calculate it.
Engine Mass Airflow = RPM * (Air Pressure / Intake Temperature)
Thus, your assessment is correct. With increased RPMs comes a higher air flow. Using the snorkel graph you can see that 5.96 psi * idle RPM (roughly 600) will get you a flow of 3576 compared to 20643 which was derived from 9.83 psi * moving RPM (roughly 2100 at 65mph).
Hope that helps.
Welcome! OmniNerd's content is generated by nerds like you. Learn more.


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Educational Institutions are looking for ERP solutions to improve operational efficiency and student life cycle. They need to manage numerous programmes, courses, student and employee performance and records and provide services to students. Indicate how ERP solutions can help them by focusing on the student life cycle and identifying the supporting functional areas. You can take any case study to support your answer.
ERP is one of the most valuable technologies that can be used in a school environment to support learning and the school's management system. ERP solutions can help increase productivity in a school management system; ERP reduces time teachers and other staff use to record and manage students data, thus providing more time to focus on students' life cycle and promote other operations within an institution. ERP also promotes student-teacher collaboration, and there are various options for ERP like cloud-based ERP; this promotes student's engagement with teachers beyond the physical classroom and can positively impact student's performance. In the case of student enrollment, ERP serves a crucial role in increasing the enrollment ratio because ERP reduces the burden of managing various enrollment activities, analytics, and reports.


06 Nov
Distributed File Storage, using PHP and MongoDB
Scenario:
 - Alice creates an entry on Server1, and uploads an image to it.
 - Bob views that entry on Server2, but can't view the image because the server doesn't have it.
There are a number of solutions to this.
 1. after each upload, push the new file out to all servers so they also have a copy
 2. mount an external file system, networked to all servers
 3. create a caching distributed file system centered around an external database
The first solution, ensuring that every uploaded file is simultaneously uploaded to all servers, is wrong for an obvious reason: hard-drive space. Imagine you have 20 servers and the file is likely only to ever be read on 3 of them (maybe they're location-based?) – by uploading to all servers, you waste space, increasing storage costs and also slowing down the servers as they are busy doing work that they really don't need to be doing.
The second solution is better – an external mounted solution such as NFS, S3QL, or Samba can store your files on file servers that are backed up and replicated, and are simultaneously available to all your web servers. But these solutions come at a huge speed cost – every file check involves network access, lock checking, POSIX compliance and other ugliness. Also, network file systems of this sort are very sensitive to network outages, however temporary they are.
The solution we will build in this article is to create an external file system that
 1. supports local caching of files for speed
 2. has immediate availability of files across all servers
 3. is "shardable", so files only exist on servers where they are actually needed
Storage
To store the files, you need an external storage solution. For reasons that we will see later, the solution I use is MongoDB and its GridFS solution.
MongoDB is a NoSQL database, that stores information in binary JSON files. It is extremely scalable, and shards nicely as well, allowing us to concentrate more on our application and less on database maintenance.
To store the files, we will upload them into the MongoDB network, where they will be stored as "chunks". Retrieving and storing the files is a simple matter, as we'll see.
Saving Files
Up until now, all your files were recorded on the system using direct access – using file_put_contents(), for example.
We need to find all instances of these calls and route them through a new function called mdbFileSet (MongoDB File Set) that will record the file as requested, but will also upload it to the database.
In most cases, this is a simple matter – if the user-files directory is $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/userfiles/', then a call such as file_put_contents($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/userfiles/'.$filename, $filecontent) will be replaced with mdbFileSet($filename, $filecontent). This is obviously more readable, and we are abstracting the user-files location as well, making it flexible.
The actual mdbFileSet() function works like this
 1. parameters are $fname and $file, which contain the filename (including the directories, delimited by '/'), and the file content as a string.
 2. check GridFS to see if the file already exists. If it does:
 1. delete the existing file (see Deleting Files in this article)
 3. copy the uploaded file to the local user-files location (to act as a cache)
 4. upload the file using GridFS
Code for the mdbFileSet function:
function mdbFileSet($fname, $file) {
 if (strpos($fname, '..')!==false) { // hack attempt
 return false;
 }
 global $MDBVARS;
 if (strpos($fname, '/')!==false) {
 @mkdir($MDBVARS['cache'].preg_replace('/[^\/]*$/', '', $fname), 0755, true);
 }
 file_put_contents($MDBVARS['cache'].$fname, $file);
 $conn=new Mongo($MDBVARS['dbhost']);
 $db=$conn->{$MDBVARS['dbname']};
 $db->authenticate($MDBVARS['username'], $MDBVARS['password']);
 $grid=$db->getGridFS();
 $existing=$grid->findOne($fname);
 if (!is_null($existing)) {
 $grid->delete($existing->file['_id']);
 }
 $grid->storeBytes($file, array('filename'=>$fname), array('safe'=>true));
 $conn->close();
}
You will need to set the $MDBVARS global array before running the function. I keep mine in the server's config.php.
Example:
$MDBVARS=array(
 'cache'=>$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/userfiles/',
 'username'=>'username',
 'password'=>'password',
 'dbname'=>'filesdb',
 'dbhost'=>'mdb1.yourmongodbserver.com'
);
Replace the values in the above code with your own values.
You can test this easily. Create a test.php file with the following code:
<?php
require_once 'php/basics.php'; // link to file containing common functions
mdbFileSet('test/file.php', file_get_contents(__FILE__));
?>
The above code will upload a copy of the test.php file you just created, and will store a copy in your cache as well. After loading the file in your browser, you can test this by looking in your cache on the server:
[root@cp3 server]# ls userfiles/test/file.php -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 apache apache 142 Nov 6 10:36 userfiles/test/file.php
And also by logging into the MongoDB server and searching for the file:
> db.fs.files.find({filename:'test/file.php'})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("545b4f1560b99367688b456b"), "filename" : "test/file.php", "uploadDate" : ISODate("2014-11-06T10:36:05.121Z"), "length" : NumberLong(142), "chunkSize" : NumberLong(261120), "md5" : "00397d7306c53cda5ea9446d7bd62594" }
Before going any further, you should go through your code now and edit all your user-file-writing functions so they use the mdbFileSet() function. Everything should still work as before, but now, there will be a copy of each file saved in the MongoDB database as well.
Reading Files
Okay, so let's say all your work so far in this article has been done on Server1. You now switch over to Server2 and want to open a record that includes an image uploaded to Server1. The image is obviously not on Server2, so how do we transparently download it to Server2 such that the end-user never needs to know?
For this, we will write a function called mdbFileGet (MongoDB File Get), which will retrieve it from the MongoDB server if it is not already cached locally. How it works:
 1. there is one parameter, $fname, which is the filename including the directories.
 2. if the file already exists in the local server's cache, then return that file's contents.
 3. otherwise, download the file from GridFS, store a copy in the local cache, and return the file's contents.
There is an issue to do with the cache, which I'll explain in a moment, but in the meantime, here is the code for the function:
function mdbFileGet($fname) {
 if (strpos($fname, '..')!==false) { // hack attempt
 return false;
 }
 global $MDBVARS;
 if (file_exists($MDBVARS['cache'].$fname)) {
 return file_get_contents($MDBVARS['cache'].$fname);
 }
 $conn=new Mongo($MDBVARS['dbhost']);
 $


Difference Wiki
Microsoft Office vs. Libreoffice: What's the Difference?
Edited by Aimie Carlson || By Janet White || Published on January 14, 2024
Microsoft Office is a proprietary office suite offering a range of applications like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. LibreOffice is a free and open-source office suite, compatible with various document formats and offering similar functionalities.
Key Differences
Microsoft Office is a proprietary software suite developed by Microsoft, including applications like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. LibreOffice is a free, open-source office suite developed by The Document Foundation, with similar applications like Writer, Calc, and Impress.
Microsoft Office is known for its advanced features, extensive support, and integration with Microsoft's ecosystem. LibreOffice offers broad compatibility with various file formats and is preferred for its open-source nature.
Microsoft Office requires a purchase or subscription for full functionality, making it a common choice in professional settings. LibreOffice, being free, is a popular choice for individuals and organizations looking to reduce software costs.
Microsoft Office provides cloud-based options with Office 365, facilitating online collaboration. LibreOffice focuses more on desktop applications, though it supports basic online collaboration features.
Microsoft Office has a more polished user interface and generally receives more frequent updates. LibreOffice, while regularly updated, has a more traditional interface and relies on community contributions for improvements.
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Comparison Chart
Type
Proprietary software
Open-source software
Cost
Paid subscription or purchase
Free to use
Integration
Strong integration with Microsoft products
Broad compatibility with various file formats
Updates
Frequent, with latest features
Regular, community-driven updates
Collaboration
Advanced cloud-based collaboration
Basic online collaboration features
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Microsoft Office and Libreoffice Definitions
Microsoft Office
A suite of productivity applications developed by Microsoft.
She used Microsoft Office to create her presentation.
Libreoffice
Compatible with a wide range of document formats.
He opened an old file using LibreOffice without any issues.
Microsoft Office
Includes applications like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.
Microsoft Office's Excel is great for data analysis.
Libreoffice
A free and open-source office suite.
She downloaded LibreOffice for her new laptop.
Microsoft Office
Known for advanced features in document creation and management.
He utilized Microsoft Office's advanced features for his report.
Libreoffice
Includes applications like Writer, Calc, and Impress.
LibreOffice's Writer is a great tool for word processing.
Microsoft Office
Offers cloud collaboration through Office 365.
Their team collaborates using Microsoft Office 365.
Libreoffice
Relies on community contributions for development and updates.
LibreOffice regularly updates thanks to its community support.
Microsoft Office
Requires a paid subscription for full access to functionalities.
They subscribed to Microsoft Office for their business needs.
Libreoffice
Preferred for its cost-effectiveness and open-source nature.
They chose LibreOffice to reduce their software expenses.
FAQs
Is Microsoft Office free?
No, it requires a purchase or subscription.
Is LibreOffice suitable for professional use?
Yes, it's capable for professional use, though some advanced features may differ.
Does LibreOffice have a cloud version?
No, it's primarily focused on desktop applications.
Does Microsoft Office offer online collaboration?
Yes, particularly through Office 365.
Is Microsoft Office available on multiple platforms?
Yes, it's available on Windows, macOS, and mobile platforms.
What is the main advantage of Microsoft Office?
Advanced features and seamless integration with other Microsoft services.
Can LibreOffice open Microsoft Office files?
Yes, it can open and edit most Microsoft Office file formats.
How often is Microsoft Office updated?
Regularly, with frequent feature updates and security patches.
Are LibreOffice updates automatic?
No, they typically require manual installation.
Can I customize LibreOffice's interface?
Yes, it offers various customization options.
How is customer support for LibreOffice?
It's mainly community-driven and available through forums and online resources.
Are there any compatibility issues with Microsoft Office files in LibreOffice?
Some complex formatting might not transfer perfectly.
Is Microsoft Office a one-time purchase?
It offers both subscription models and one-time purchases.
Can LibreOffice be used offline?
Yes, it works well offline.
What are the system requirements for Microsoft Office?
They vary but generally require a recent version of Windows or macOS.
Can Microsoft Office be used on tablets?
Yes, there are versions available for tablets.
Do businesses prefer Microsoft Office?
Many do, due to its advanced features and widespread use.
How does LibreOffice handle data privacy?
Being open-source, it's considered more transparent in handling data.
Is LibreOffice a good choice for students?
Yes, it's a cost-effective option with a range of functionalities.
Does Microsoft Office have a free trial?
Yes, it usually offers a free trial period for new users.
About Author
Written by
Janet White
Janet White has been an esteemed writer and blogger for Difference Wiki. Holding a Master's degree in Science and Medical Journalism from the prestigious Boston University, she has consistently demonstrated her expertise and passion for her field. When she's not immersed in her work, Janet relishes her time exercising, delving into a good book, and cherishing moments with friends and family.
Edited by
Aimie Carlson
Aimie Carlson, holding a master's degree in English literature, is a fervent English language enthusiast. She lends her writing talents to Difference Wiki, a prominent website that specializes in comparisons, offering readers insightful analyses that both captivate and inform.
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text:
|Vapour Alarm System & Combustible Gas Alarm Calibration
Vapour Alarm System (VAS) and Combustible Gas Alarm are critical safety components on ship, designed to detect and alert the crew about the presence of hazardous vapors and gases in various areas of the vessel. Regular calibration and certification of these systems are vital to ensure their accuracy and reliability in protecting the ship and its crew from potential gas-related hazard.
Vapour Alarm System Calibration
Vapour Alarm System (VAS) or Vapour Emission Control System (VECS) on ships is used to monitor the concentration of harmful vapors in cargo areas, pump room, and other enclosed spaces. Calibration of the vapor alarm system involves checking the accuracy of the sensor that detect the targeted vapors, such as hydrocarbons or noxious fumes.
During calibration, the sensor are exposed to calibration gases with known concentration of the target vapors. The reading from the sensor are then compared to the known gas concentration, and any discrepancies are corrected through adjustment or repair to ensure the system's accuracy and proper functionality.
|Vapour Alarm System Calibration Service MARINESERVICE.ID
Combustible Gas Alarm Calibration
Combustible Gas Alarm / Combustible Gas Monitor / Combustible Gas Detection is installed in specific area of the ship to continuously monitor the presence of flammable gases, such as methane or hydrogen. Calibration of the combustible gas alarm involves checking the accuracy of the sensor that detect these gases.
Similar to the vapor alarm system calibration, the sensor of the combustible gas alarm are exposed to calibration gases with known concentration of the target gases. The readings from the sensor are then compared to the known gas concentration, and any deviation are corrected through adjustment or replacement to ensure accurate gas detection.
|Combustible Gas Alarm System Calibration Service MARINESERVICE.ID
Certification of Vapour Alarm System and Combustible Gas Alarm
Once the calibration process is successfully completed, both the vapor alarm system and the combustible gas alarm are certified. The certification is typically conducted by a qualified marine surveyor or inspector. The certification includes providing documentation that verifies the accuracy and reliability of the system.
On ship, vapor alarm system and combustible gas alarm must comply with international maritime regulation, ensuring their accuracy and reliability for critical safety task on board. The certification includes information about the calibration date, next due date for recalibration, and any limitation or restriction on the use of the system.
MARINE SERVICE ID Indonesian Calibration Service
MARINE SERVICE ID has a Team of Qualified and Professional Engineers who are experienced of Vapour Alarm System and Combustible Gas Alarm Calibration and Certification Service. We also offer Repairs and Troubleshooting of Vapour Alarm System and Combustible Gas Alarm,Annual Marine Instrumentations Calibration Service,Annual Marine Automations Calibration Service and Electronics Navigation Equipments Annual Maintenance Service at Indonesia Ports
H2S Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Detector Calibration Service
Overfill Alarm System Calibration Service
Gas Analyzer Calibration Service
CO2 Carbon Monoxide Gas Detector Calibration Service
High Level Alarm / HLA Calibration Service
High High Level Alarm / HHLA Calibration Service
VAS / Vapour Alarm System Calibration Service
Pressure Calibrator Calibration Service
Toxic Gas Detector Calibration Service
Temperature Calibrator Calibration Service
Inert Gas System / IGS Calibration Service
Smoke Detectors Calibration Service
Available On Board Service at Indonesia Ports
For Business Inquiries Click the Link : Customers Support
Watch Video Documentation of our work about : Vapour Alarm System & Combustible Gas Calibration


text:
How U Mine 4 Fish?
Drow exile of the queen
Monk?, Cleric?
Drow (full blooded after a year of play), transformed into Drider
Zacharaia (Zach for short) was born and raised in Noir of the Underdark. Though he was a Drow in appearance, he had none of their species qualities. He escaped to the world above, finding that while his body showed signs of the Drow, it was more akin to a common Elf. He eventually came across Marcus Longbottoms in Backwater, who realized he wasn't vile like the rest of the Drow, yet needed assistance in getting credentials as such.
During an adventure into Corellon's Sword, Zach was polymorphed into a snake by Astos, who promptly escaped afterward. When Zach's mind was about to fade into that of a snake the next day, Lloth assited him, claiming he was hers forever, after which Zach eventually came under convulsions and sickness, requiring the party to carry him back to Corellon's Shield to assist Elan Gwaren.
Zach's Drow blood emerged during the coup of Vulcan Silver, and he had the strengths of both races, yet none of the weaknesses. Upon returning to Corneria, Randall Thay was called upon to examine him, and it was discovered he was always a Drow, yet magic (which was recently shrugged off) kept him bound in another form.
He was eventually underwent another transformation during an attack into the sewers, and was turned into a Drider. For his choice and actions in the sewers, Johnathan Multanious offered solace at the church of Heironeous.


text: Humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) are two operationally defined classes of natural organic matter. In the environment, both materials are present simultaneously and bind in a competitive manner to Fe-(hydr)oxides and other minerals, but their quantification in mixtures is a challenge. In this study, an UV–Vis method was developed to quantify concentrations of HA and FA without and after adsorptive fractionation by an iron oxide (goethite, α-FeOOH). In addition, the performance of the UV–Vis method was compared to that of acid precipitation and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Among the three methodologies (UV–Vis, acid precipitation, SEC), the UV–Vis method is the most successful in quantifying the ratio of HA to FA subject to fractionation. The UV–Vis method is based on distinct differences in the UV–Vis spectra of HA and FA, including fingerprints in both the spectra shape and intensity. Adsorption to goethite decreased the specific light absorbance of HA and FA, but the changes in spectral shape were not significant enough to cover their differences. The acid precipitation method can also quantify the HA to FA ratio. But to minimize the influence of incomplete HA precipitation or co-precipitation of FA, the concentration of both HA and FA needs to be at least ~20 mgC L−1. The SEC method is not suitable to measure HA and FA after adsorption, because preferential adsorption significantly affects the shape of SEC chromatograms.


text:
Economic Research Report No. (ERR-30) 54 pp
Eliminating Fruit and Vegetable Planting Restrictions: How Would Markets Be Affected?
Participants in U.S. farm programs are restricted from planting and harvesting wild rice, fruit, and most vegetables (nonprogram crops) on acreage historically used for program crops (known as base acreage). However, a recent World Trade Organization challenge to U.S. programs has created pressure to eliminate planting restrictions. Although eliminating restrictions would not lead to substantial market impacts for most fruit or vegetables, the effects on individual producers could be significant. Some producers who are already producing fruit and vegetables could find that it is no longer profitable, while others could profitably move into producing these crops. Producers with base acreage are the most likely to benefit because they would no longer face payment reductions.
Keywords: Farm programs, base acres, direct payments, vegetables, fruit, wild rice, planting restrictions
In this publication...
- Entire Report
- Report Summary
- Abstract, Acknowledgments, Contents, and Summary
- Base Acreage and Planting Restrictions Under the 2002 Farm Act
- Agronomic and Economic Barriers to Expanding Fruit and Vegetable Production
- Competition for Land Between Program and Fruit and Vegetable Crops
- Planting Dry Beans on Base Acreage: Economic Tradeoffs
- Discussion and Implications
- High-resolution entire report


text:
Microsoft Office Questions and Answers - How to Insert Text Into Clip Art
Sandi writes in with an Office question
Question:I need to know how to insert text into a clip art object. I am very new to using clip art.
Answer: To install clipart into a document simply add the clipart first then make a text box with whatever text you want inside the text box. You can insert a text box by going to Insert and then Text Box. Once you have the text formatted inside the box you can double click the outside border of the text box to bring up its properties. Then you can change the fill color to No Fill so that the text box will be transparent. You can do the same for the Line section by changing it to No Line. Then you will have only the text showing and you can drag it wherever you want on top of the clipart. You can also change the text color if needed.