When modeling any real-life scenario with functions, there is typically a limited domain over which that model will be valid—almost no trend continues indefinitely. Here the domain refers to the number of weeks. In this case, it doesn't make sense to talk about input values less than zero. A negative input value could refer to a number of weeks before she saved $3,500, but the scenario discussed poses the question once she saved $3,500 because this is when her trip and subsequent spending starts. It is also likely that this model is not valid after the x- x- intercept, unless Emily will use a credit card and goes into debt. The domain represents the set of input values, so the reasonable domain for this function is 0t8.75. 0t8.75.
In the above example, we were given a written description of the situation. We followed the steps of modeling a problem to analyze the information. However, the information provided may not always be the same. Sometimes we might be provided with an intercept. Other times we might be provided with an output value. We must be careful to analyze the information we are given, and use it appropriately to build a linear model.
Using a Given Intercept to Build a Model
Some real-world problems provide the y- y- intercept, which is the constant or initial value. Once the y- y- intercept is known, the x- x- intercept can be calculated. Suppose, for example, that Hannah plans to pay off a no-interest loan from her parents. Her loan balance is $1,000. She plans to pay $250 per month until her balance is $0. The y- y- intercept is the initial amount of her debt, or $1,000. The rate of change, or slope, is -$250 per month. We can then use the slope-intercept form and the given information to develop a linear model.
f(x)=mx+b =250x+1000 f(x)=mx+b =250x+1000
Now we can set the function equal to 0, and solve for x x to find the x- x- intercept.
0=250x+_PHONE_=250x 4=x x=4 0=250x+_PHONE_=250x 4=x x=4
The x- x- intercept is the number of months it takes her to reach a balance of $0. The x- x- intercept is 4 months, so it will take Hannah four months to pay off her loan.
Using a Given Input and Output to Build a Model
Many real-world applications are not as direct as the ones we just considered. Instead they require us to identify some aspect of a linear function. We might sometimes instead be asked to evaluate the linear model at a given input or set the equation of the linear model equal to a specified output.
How To
Given a word problem that includes two pairs of input and output values, use the linear function to solve a problem.
 1. Identify the input and output values.
 2. Convert the data to two coordinate pairs.
 3. Find the slope.
 4. Write the linear model.
 5. Use the model to make a prediction by evaluating the function at a given x- x- value.
 6. Use the model to identify an x- x- value that results in a given y- y- value.
 7. Answer the question posed.
Example 1
Using a Linear Model to Investigate a Town's Population
A town's population has been growing linearly. In 2004 the population was 6,200. By 2009 the population had grown to 8,100. Assume this trend continues.
 1. Predict the population in 2013.
 2. Identify the year in which the population will reach 15,000.
Try It #1
A company sells doughnuts. They incur a fixed cost of $25,000 for rent, insurance, and other expenses. It costs $0.25 to produce each doughnut.
 1. Write a linear model to represent the cost C C of the company as a function of x, x, the number of doughnuts produced.
 2. Find and interpret the y-intercept.
Try It #2
A city's population has been growing linearly. In 2008, the population was 28,200. By 2012, the population was 36,800. Assume this trend continues.
 1. Predict the population in 2014.
 2. Identify the year in which the population will reach 54,000.
Using a Diagram to Model a Problem
It is useful for many real-world applications to draw a picture to gain a sense of how the variables representing the input and output may be used to answer a question. To draw the picture, first consider what the problem is asking for. Then, determine the input and the output. The diagram should relate the variables. Often, geometrical shapes or figures are drawn. Distances are often traced out. If a right triangle is sketched, the Pythagorean Theorem relates the sides. If a rectangle is sketched, labeling width and height is helpful.
Example 2
Using a Diagram to Model Distance Walked
Anna and Emanuel start at the same intersection. Anna walks east at 4 miles per hour while Emanuel walks south at 3 miles per hour. They are communicating with a two-way radio that has a range of 2 miles. How long after they start walking will they fall out of radio contact?
Q&A
Should I draw diagrams when given information based on a geometric shape?
Yes. Sketch the figure and label the quantities and unknowns on the sketch.
Example 3
Using a Diagram to Model Distance between Cities
There is a straight road leading from the town of Westborough to Agritown 30 miles east and 10 miles north. Partway down this road, it junctions with a second road, perpendicular to the first, leading to the town of Eastborough. If the town of Eastborough is located 20 miles directly east of the town of Westborough, how far is the road junction from Westborough?
Analysis
One nice use of linear models is to take advantage of the fact that the graphs of these functions are lines. This means real-world applications discussing maps need linear functions to model the distances between reference points.
Try It #3
There is a straight road leading from the town of Timpson to Ashburn 60 miles east and 12 miles north. Partway down the road, it junctions with a second road, perpendicular to the first, leading to the town of Garrison. If the town of Garrison is located 22 miles directly east of the town of Timpson, how far is the road junction from Timpson?
Building Systems of Linear Models
Real-world situations including two or more linear functions may be modeled with a system of linear equations. Remember, when solving a system of linear equations, we are looking for points the two lines have in common. Typically, there are three types of answers possible, as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5
How To
Given a situation that represents a system of linear equations, write the system of equations and identify the solution.
 1. Identify the input and output of each linear model.
 2. Identify the slope and y-intercept of each linear model.
 3. Find the solution by setting the two linear functions equal to one another and solving for x, x,or find the point of intersection on a graph.
Example 4
Building a System of Linear Models to Choose a Truck Rental Company
Jamal is choosing between two truck-rental companies. The first, Keep on Trucking, Inc., charges an up-front fee of $20, then 59 cents a mile. The second, Move It Your Way, charges an up-front fee of $16, then 63 cents a mile9. When will Keep on Trucking, Inc. be the better choice for Jamal?
Media
Access this online resource for additional instruction and practice with linear function models.
Footnotes
 - 9 Rates retrieved Aug 2, 2010 from _URL_ and _URL_
2.3 Section Exercises
Verbal
1.
Explain how to find the input variable in a word problem that uses a linear function.
2.
Explain how to find the output variable in a word problem that uses a linear function.
3.
Explain how to interpret the initial value in a word problem that uses a linear function.
4.
Explain how to determine the slope in a word problem that uses a linear function.
Algebraic
5.
Find the area of a parallelogram bounded by the y-axis, the line x=3, x=3, the line f(x)=1+2x, f(x)=1+2x, and the line parallel to f(x) f(x) passing through ( 2, 7 ). ( 2, 7 ).
6.
Find the area of a triangle bounded by the x-axis, the line f(x)=12 1 3 x, f(x)=12 1 3 x, and the line perpendicular to f(x) f(x) that passes through the origin.
7.
Find the area of a triangle bounded by the y-axis, the line f(x)=9 6 7 x, f(x)=9 6 7 x, and the line perpendicular to f(x) f(x) that passes through the origin.
8.
Find the area of a parallelogram bounded by the x-axis, the line g(x)=2, g(x)=2, the line f(x)=3x, f(x)=3x, and the line parallel to f(x) f(x) passing through (6,1). (6,1).
For the following exercises, consider this scenario: A town's population has been decreasing at a constant rate. In 2010 the population was 5


text:
This is a pretty basic question, but I can't get my head around it. I'm learning Linux and one of the questions i've been given is;
*The word sentimentalment includes the same three characters (e.g. "ent") which appear three times. The word "blayblapblam" also contains the same three characters repeated three time (e.g. "bla").
How many words can you find which contain any three characters repeated three times, like the examples "sentimentalment" and "blayblapblam", but which also begin with lower case "d". Use /usr/share/dict/words as your list of possible words and grep to find the answer. The "d" is not one of the characters considered when detecting the three-character strings.*
So far, I can return instances where the same three letters appear twice;
grep -E '^d(...).*\1' /usr/share/dict/words > output
Which to me reads, look for a word beginning with 'd', then combination of three letters, 0 or more characters before the same group (1) appearing again.
I've tried the following;
grep -E '^d(...).*\1.*\1' /usr/share/dict/words > output
Which if my understanding is correct (which it obviously isn't), returns group one, then zero or more characters, then group one again.
Can someone point out where I'm going wrong? Any help is appreciated.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
From Ohio History Central
Tumey v. Ohio was a case considered by the United States Supreme Court in 1927. The court struck down an Ohio law that denied citizens their constitutionally guaranteed right to due process by financially rewarding public officials for successfully prosecuting cases related to Phohibition.
Following the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919, the Ohio government implemented stringent measures to enforce Prohibition within the state's borders. One law, the Crabbe Act, compensated mayors, justices of the peace, various judges, and other law enforcement officials with additional money beyond their normal pay whenever they arrested, convicted, and fined violators of the Eighteenth Amendment. Many legal officials sought to extend their jurisdiction into nearby cities to arrest and prosecute more violators and to enhance the judges' own paychecks.
This particular law became the foundation for Tumey v. Ohio, a case before the United States Supreme Court, in 1927. In North College Hill, Ohio, a man was arrested for illegally possessing alcohol, a violation of the Eighteenth Amendment. This man contended that the law compensating officials with additional money for liquor cases violated the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution by depriving him of "due process of law." Attorneys for the accused man claimed that judges were more likely to convict accused people because convictions increased the judges' and other law enforcement officials' salaries. In March 1927, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the plaintiff over the defendant, the State of Ohio.
Upon losing the case before the Supreme Court, the Ohio legislature attempted to enact another law that would compensate judges for hearing additional cases beyond a normal number. It would not matter how the judges ruled in the cases; the state and local governments would guarantee the judges' additional pay. This legislation was never implemented. Ohio voters defeated the measure in a referendum in the autumn of 1927 by a two-to-one advantage.
Tumey v. Ohio and the events that resulted from it illustrate the divisions among Ohioans over Prohibition.
- Behr, Edward. Prohibition: Thirteen Years that Changed America. New York, NY: Arcade Pub., 1996.
- Clark, Norman. Deliver Us from Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition. New York, NY: Norton, 1976.
- Kobler, John. Ardent Spirits: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York, NY: Putnam, 1973.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Application Cases in Auto-operation Railway System [6in1 sensor]
Application key points of 6in1 sensors in the auto-operation railway system
BOM cost reduction by loading automotive sensors that conform to the functional safety standard
Anti-vibration characteristics capable of operating in strong vibration environments encountered by commercial vehicles, two-wheeled vehicles, or construction machines
Space-saving and mounting flexibility by using 6-axis detection with a single chip
Effect of adopting 6in1 sensors in auto-operation railway system
Effect (1): BOM cost reduction by adopting sensors with automotive quality and functional safety standard to railway coach control system
Railway systems adopt SIL (Safety Integrity Level) for railway systems, but sensors conforming to automotive functional safety can be applied also for this purpose. Use of sensors for automotive application ensures performance and quality, and can reduce BOM cost further than the previous design.
Use of 6in1 sensors conforming to automotive functional safety can reduce BOM cost of railway systems.
* Conversion from ASIL-B(D) to applicable SIL needs to be performed by the customer.
Effect (2): High vibration characteristics detects train behavior even in a strong vibration environment
6in1 sensors can also be used in a system that receives strong vibration such as systems that receive similar vibration in a two-wheeled or commercial vehicles. These sensors are also used for curve detection of auto-operation trains requiring detection of vehicle behavior without being affected by external disturbances even while generating similarly strong vibration.
High vibration characteristics enables behavior detection of trains and each carriage in a railway operation.
Effect (3): 6-axis detection improves freedom of the attachment position
Because the Panasonic 6in1 sensor can detect all 6 axes using a single chip, it can be mounted on the circuit board of vehicle control equipment with high degree of flexibility.
In addition, when detecting motion of individual vehicle, the space-saving size of the 6in1 sensor (4.5 mm*4.5 mm*1.1 mm) provides freedom of the mounting position.
6-axis 1-chip functional safety sensor achieves the industry's smallest sized level (surveyed by the company), contributing to the freedom of the installation position and BOM cost reduction

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Fix JAVA_HOME errors | Invalid directory | Not set or defined | Points to JRE
How to fix JAVA_HOME errors
There's nothing worse than installing your favorite Java-based application — such as Minecraft, Maven, Jenkins or Apache Pig — only to run into a JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory or a JAVA_HOME is not defined correctly error as soon as you boot up the program.
Well, there's no need to fret. Here's how to fix the most common JAVA_HOME errors.
How to fix JAVA_HOME not found errors
It's worth noting that there aren't standardized JAVA_HOME error messages that people will encounter. There are many different ways that a given JAVA_HOME error might be logged.
For example, one of the most common JAVA_HOME configuration problems arises from the fact that the environment variable has never actually been set up. Such a scenario tends to trigger the following error messages:
 - Error: JAVA_HOME not found in your environment
 - Error: JAVA_HOME not set
 - Error: JAVA_HOME is not set currently
 - Error: JAVA_HOME is not set
 - Error: Java installation exists but JAVA_HOME has not been set
 - Error: JAVA_HOME cannot be determined from the registry
How do you fix the JAVA_HOME not found problem?
Well, you fix this by in the Windows environment variable editor where you can actually add a new system variable. If you know your way around the Windows operating system, you should be able to add the JAVA_HOME environment variable to your configuration and have it point to the installation root of your JDK within minutes. The Windows 10 setting looks like this:
JAVA_HOME not found
Fix JAVA_HOME not found errors
As mentioned above, the JAVA_HOME variable must point to the installation root of a JDK, which means a JDK must actually be installed. If one isn't, then you better hop to it and get that done.
The JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory fix
The next most common JAVA_HOME error message is JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory. The error message is delightfully helpful, because it tells you in no uncertain terms the environment variable does in fact exist. And, it also tells you it's not pointing to the right place, which is helpful as well. All you need to do to fix this error is edit the JAVA_HOME variable and point it to the correct directory.
The JAVA_HOME environment variable must point to the root of the installation folder of a JDK. It cannot point to a sub-directory of the JDK, and it cannot point to a parent directory that contains the JDK. It must point directly at the JDK installation directory itself. If you encounter the JAVA_HOME invalid directory error, make sure the name of the installation folder and the value of the variable match.
An easy way to see the actual value associated with the JAVA_HOME variable is to simply echo its value on the command line. In Windows, write:
>/echo %JAVA_HOME%
C:/_JDK13.0
On an Ubuntu, Mac or Linux machine, the command uses a dollar sign instead of percentages:
:-$ echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/lib/jvm/java-13-oracle
Find JAVA_HOME Ubuntu
How to find JAVA_HOME in Mac or Ubuntu Linux computers.
Steer clear of the JDK \bin directory
One very common developer mistake that leads to the JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory error is pointing JAVA_HOME to the \bin sub-directory of the JDK installation. That's the directory you use to configure the Windows PATH, but it is wrong, wrong, wrong when you set JAVA_HOME. If you point JAVA_HOME at the bin directory, you'll need to fix that.
This misconfiguration also manifests itself with the following error messages:
 - JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory
 - Java installation exists but JAVA_HOME has been set incorrectly
 - JAVA_HOME is not defined correctly
 - JAVA_HOME does not point to the JDK
Other things that might trigger this error include spelling mistakes or case sensitivity errors. If the JAVA_HOME variable is set as java_home, JAVAHOME or Java_Home, a Unix, Linux or Ubuntu script will have a hard time finding it. The same thing goes for the value attached to the JAVA_HOME variable.
The JAVA_HOME does not point to the JDK error
One of the most frustrating JAVA_HOME errors is JAVA_HOME does not point to the JDK.
Here's a little bit of background on this one.
When you download a JDK distribution, some vendors include a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) as well. And when the JAVA_HOME environment variable gets set, some people point it at the JRE installation folder and not the JDK installation folder. When this happens, we see errors such as:
 - JAVA_HOME does not point to a JDK
 - JAVA_HOME points to a JRE not a JDK
 - JAVA_HOME must point to a JDK not a JRE
 - JAVA_HOME points to a JRE
To fix this issue, see if you have both a JRE and JDK installed locally. If you do, ensure that the JAVA_HOME variable is not pointing at the JRE.
JAVA_HOME and PATH confusion
After you've downloaded and installed the JDK, sometimes another problem can plague developers. If you already have programs that installed their own version of the JDK, those programs could have added a reference to that specific JDK in the Linux or Windows PATH setting. Some programs will run Java using the program's availability through the PATH first, and JAVA_HOME second. If another program has installed a JRE and put that JRE's \bin directory on the PATH, your JAVA_HOME efforts may all be for naught.
However, you can address this issue. First, check the Ubuntu or Windows PATH variable and look to see if any other JRE or JDK directory has been added to it. You might be surprised to find out that IBM or Oracle has at some prior time performed an install without your knowledge. If that's the case, remove the reference to it from the PATH, add your own JDK's \bin directory in there, and restart any open command windows. Hopefully that will solve the issue.
Of course, there is never any end to the configurations or settings that can trigger JAVA_HOME errors. If you've found any creative solutions not mentioned here, please add your expert insights to the comments.
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text:
Jr. Analytical Grammar is a program intended to introduce the ideas of English grammar to younger students. It is designed to be taught in an eleven-week grammar "season" in either 4th or 5th grade. Created in response to parent requests for grammar materials for younger students, it covers the same material found in the first ten units of Analytical Grammar, but the exercises are shorter and the reading level is lower. It is also more "interactive" as far as the parent is concerned. Rather than the student reading notes, the "notes" are really a series of questions and activities designed to help the child understand the grammatical concepts.
The program is divided into eleven units; each taxes about a week to go through. Each unit builds on the one before, so students use what they've already learned to master the next concept.
Our junior version is a gentle, easy introduction to the concepts of English grammar. It is straightforward to teach and fun for both teacher and student.
Jr. Analytical Grammar covers:
- All the parts of speech and parts of the sentence
- Classic sentence diagraming
Jr. Analytical Grammar includes:
- Teacher "talking points" for students
- Plenty of exercises to practice skills
- Short writing activities that reinforce concepts
- Tests to evaluate progress
- Complete answer keys and useful (but brief!) teacher notes
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c# - How do you sort a dictionary by value?
Translate
I often have to sort a dictionary, consisting of keys & values, by value. For example, I have a hash of words and respective frequencies, that I want to order by frequency.
There is a SortedList which is good for a single value (say frequency), that I want to map it back to the word.
SortedDictionary orders by key, not value. Some resort to a custom class, but is there a cleaner way?
Toutes les réponses
 - Translate
 Use:
 using System.Linq.Enumerable;
 ...
 List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> myList = aDictionary.ToList();

 myList.Sort(
 delegate(KeyValuePair<string, string> pair1,
 KeyValuePair<string, string> pair2)
 {
 return pair1.Value.CompareTo(pair2.Value);
 }
 );

 Since you're targeting .NET 2.0 or above, you can simplify this into lambda syntax -- it's equivalent, but shorter. If you're targeting .NET 2.0 you can only use this syntax if you're using the compiler from Visual Studio 2008 (or above).
 var myList = aDictionary.ToList();

 myList.Sort((pair1,pair2) => pair1.Value.CompareTo(pair2.Value));

 - Translate
 Use LINQ:
 Dictionary<string, int> myDict = new Dictionary<string, int>();
 myDict.Add("one", 1);
 myDict.Add("four", 4);
 myDict.Add("two", 2);
 myDict.Add("three", 3);

 var sortedDict = from entry in myDict orderby entry.Value ascending select entry;

 This would also allow for great flexibility in that you can select the top 10, 20 10%, etc. Or if you are using your word frequency index for type-ahead, you could also include StartsWith clause as well.
 - Translate
 var ordered = dict.OrderBy(x => x.Value);

 - Translate
 Looking around, and using some C# 3.0 features we can do this:
 foreach (KeyValuePair<string,int> item in keywordCounts.OrderBy(key=> key.Value))
 {
 // do something with item.Key and item.Value
 }

 This is the cleanest way I've seen and is similar to the Ruby way of handling hashes.
 - Translate
 You can sort a Dictionary by value and save it back to itself (so that when you foreach over it the values come out in order):
 dict = dict.OrderBy(x => x.Value).ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Value);

 Sure, it may not be correct, but it works.
 - Translate
 On a high level, you have no other choice then to walk through the whole Dictionary and look at each value.
 Maybe this helps: _URL_ Copy/Pasting from John Timney:
 Dictionary<string, string> s = new Dictionary<string, string>();
 s.Add("1", "a Item");
 s.Add("2", "c Item");
 s.Add("3", "b Item");

 List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> myList = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>(s);
 myList.Sort(
 delegate(KeyValuePair<string, string> firstPair,
 KeyValuePair<string, string> nextPair)
 {
 return firstPair.Value.CompareTo(nextPair.Value);
 }
 );

 - Translate
 You'd never be able to sort a dictionary anyway. They are not actually ordered. The guarantees for a dictionary are that the key and value collections are iterable, and values can be retrieved by index or key, but there is no guarantee of any particular order. Hence you would need to get the name value pair into a list.
 - Translate
 You do not sort entries in the Dictionary. Dictionary class in .NET is implemented as a hashtable - this data structure is not sortable by definition.
 If you need to be able to iterate over your collection (by key) - you need to use SortedDictionary, which is implemented as a Binary Search Tree.
 In your case, however the source structure is irrelevant, because it is sorted by a different field. You would still need to sort it by frequency and put it in a new collection sorted by the relevant field (frequency). So in this collection the frequencies are keys and words are values. Since many words can have the same frequency (and you are going to use it as a key) you cannot use neither Dictionary nor SortedDictionary (they require unique keys). This leaves you with a SortedList.
 I don't understand why you insist on maintaining a link to the original item in your main/first dictionary.
 If the objects in your collection had a more complex structure (more fields) and you needed to be able to efficiently access/sort them using several different fields as keys - You would probably need a custom data structure that would consist of the main storage that supports O(1) insertion and removal (LinkedList) and several indexing structures - Dictionaries/SortedDictionaries/SortedLists. These indexes would use one of the fields from your complex class as a key and a pointer/reference to the LinkedListNode in the LinkedList as a value.
 You would need to coordinate insertions and removals to keep your indexes in sync with the main collection (LinkedList) and removals would be pretty expensive I'd think. This is similar to how database indexes work - they are fantastic for lookups but they become a burden when you need to perform many insetions and deletions.
 All of the above is only justified if you are going to do some look-up heavy processing. If you only need to output them once sorted by frequency then you could just produce a list of (anonymous) tuples:
 var dict = new SortedDictionary<string, int>();
 // ToDo: populate dict

 var output = dict.OrderBy(e => e.Value).Select(e => new {frequency = e.Value, word = e.Key}).ToList();

 foreach (var entry in output)
 {
 Console.WriteLine("frequency:{0}, word: {1}",entry.frequency,entry.word);
 }

 - Translate
 Dictionary<string, string> dic= new Dictionary<string, string>();
 var ordered = dic.OrderBy(x => x.Value);
 return ordered.ToDictionary(t => t.Key, t => t.Value);

 - Translate
 Or for fun you could use some LINQ extension goodness:
 var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "c", 3 }, { "a", 1 }, { "b", 2 } };
 dictionary.OrderBy(x => x.Value)
 .ForEach(x => Console.WriteLine("{0}={1}", x.Key,x.Value));

 - Translate
 Sort values
 This show how to sort the values in a Dictionary. We see a console program you can compile in Visual Studio and run. It adds keys to a Dictionary and then sorts them by their values. Remember that Dictionary instances are not initially sorted in any way. We use the LINQ orderby keyword in a query statement.
 OrderBy Clause Program that sorts Dictionary [C#]
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;

 class Program
 {
 static void Main()
 {
 // Example dictionary.
 var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, int>(5);
 dictionary.Add("cat", 1);
 dictionary.Add("dog", 0);
 dictionary.Add("mouse", 5);
 dictionary.Add("eel", 3);
 dictionary.Add("programmer", 2);

 // Order by values.
 // ... Use LINQ to specify sorting by value.
 var items = from pair in dictionary
 orderby pair.Value ascending
 select pair;

 // Display results.
 foreach (KeyValuePair<string, int> pair in items)
 {
 Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value);
 }

 // Reverse sort.
 // ... Can be looped over in the same way as above.
 items = from pair in dictionary
 orderby pair.Value descending
 select pair;
 }
 }

 Output
 dog: 0
 cat: 1
 programmer: 2
 eel: 3
 mouse: 5

 - Translate
 Sorting a SortedDictionary list to bind into a ListView control using VB.NET:
 Dim MyDictionary As SortedDictionary(Of String, MyDictionaryEntry)

 MyDictionaryListView.ItemsSource = MyDictionary.Values.OrderByDescending(Function(entry) entry.MyValue)

 Public Class MyDictionaryEntry ' Need Property for GridViewColumn DisplayMember


text:
Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation constitutes a complex support modality, and accurate monitoring is required. An ideal monitoring system should promptly detect ECMO malfunctions and provide real-time information to optimize the patient-machine interactions. We tested a new volumetric capnometer which enables continuous monitoring of membrane lung carbon dioxide removal (V ' CO2ML), to help in estimating the oxygenator performance, in terms of CO2 removal and oxygenator dead space (VDsML). Methods: This study was conducted on nine pigs undergoing veno-arterial ECMO due to cardiogenic shock after induced acute myocardial infarction. The accuracy and reliability of the prototype of the volumetric capnometer (CO2RESET (TM), by Eurosets srl, Medolla, Italy) device was evaluated for V ' CO2ML and VDsML measurements by comparing the obtained measurements from the new device to a control capnometer with the sweep gas values. Measurements were taken at five different levels of gas flow/blood flow ratio (0.5-1.5). Agreement between the corresponding measurements was taken with the two methods. We expected that 95% of differences were between d - 1.96s and d + 1.96s. Results: In all, 120 coupled measurements from each device were obtained for the V ' CO2ML calculation and 40 for the VDsML. The new capnometer mean percentage bias (95% confidence interval limits of agreement) was 3.86% (12.07-4.35%) for V ' CO2ML and 2.62% (8.96-14.20%) for VDsML. A negative proportional bias for V ' CO2ML estimation with the new device was observed with a mean of 3.86% (12.07-4.35%). No correlations were found between differences in the coupled V ' CO2ML and VDsML measurements and the gas flow/blood flow ratio or temperature. Coupled measurements for V ' CO2ML showed strong correlation (r(s) = 0.991; p = 0.0005), as did VDsML calculations (r(s) = 0.973; p = 0.0005). Conclusion: The volumetric capnometer is reliable for continuous monitoring of CO2 removal by membrane lung and VDsML calculations. Further studies are necessary to confirm these data.
- membrane lung carbon dioxide removal
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation monitoring
- oxygenator performance
- membrane lung function
- V ' CO2
- OXYGENATOR PERFORMANCE


text:
The main partnership areas
The net zero carbon roadmap identified four focus areas for UEL's campuses: introducing renewable energy sources to campuses and reducing overall energy consumption; supporting sustainable enterprise; leveraging real-time energy data through a 'Living Lab' and nurturing a strong talent pipeline.
The first phase will immediately cut 10 percent of the University's carbon emissions and reduce operational costs by installing LED lighting in all buildings and upgrading the University's building management systems.
A second workstream will focus on engineering the design of sustainable energy technology – including solar panels installed on rooftops and in car parks, ground source or water source heat pumps fed by the Thames and electric vehicle charging solutions. The photovoltaics alone could provide the University with a significant amount of zero-carbon, zero-cost energy per year. The majority of this energy will be consumed on-site, with the remainder stored or exported to the grid.
During the second phase, Siemens will support UEL in its creation an innovation hub for local green energy enterprises, giving students the opportunity to engage with the latest green technologies whilst on campus. UEL will also provide the opportunity for students to further strengthen their industry skills through mentoring and internships with Siemens.
The third workstream of the partnership will see the development of a 'Living Lab', to make the data captured across the campuses available to students and researchers. Live data can be stored on the Siemens Mindsphere platform, accessible to the University's researchers and partners anywhere in the world.
To support the energy transition in the wider East London area, the University and Siemens will explore pragmatic ways of introducing local-scale energy projects that make an immediate difference to local communities.
Committed to becoming a decarbonisation leader
"We are committed to becoming a national and global decarbonisation leader by considering the economic, social and environmental impact of everything we do," comments Professor Amanda Broderick, vice-chancellor and president, University of East London.
"With our university-student-industry triple helix partnership approach, we are confident that we can achieve net zero in our publicly engaged and vibrant learning environment where everyone can succeed. The campus carbon transformation will give our students the opportunity to become the sustainability leaders of tomorrow. They will have access to the latest thinking in smart technology, to industry experience and mentorships and a vital edge in the jobs market."
Professor Amanda Broderick, vice-chancellor and president, University of East London.
Faye Bowser, Head of Energy & Performance Services, Siemens adds: "Due to its urban setting in central London, the University of East London cannot allocate swathes of space for renewable generation. There is no greenfield space for additional energy generation, so the only way for it to evolve is through innovative technology. The urban campus poses a unique set of challenges, however, the University of East London is seizing the opportunity to be at the heart of the East London's regeneration building on their legacy to pioneer futures and transform lives.
"We are excited to collaborate with them on their net zero journey and we're proud to take this beyond decarbonisation to create social impact. The strong focus on partnership and community collaboration will stimulate the green economy in East London, as well as building a strong talent pipeline of graduates with a deep understanding of sustainability issues."
Find out more about net zero carbon 2030 and how you can get involved here.


text: Residues of imazapyr are extracted from the finely ground samples of forest litter, pine twigs, or green leaves by shaking with an aqueous phosphate buffer. Methanol is added to the extract, and the solution is partitioned with methylene chloride as a preliminary cleanup. Residues of imazapyr are extracted from soil by shaking with 0.5N sodium hydroxide in water. The water method for determining residue levels is similar to the soil method in that imazapyr residues are extracted from water by using a CI8 solid-phase extraction cartridge and cleanup and additional specificity are obtained by using an SCX cartridge. Quantitation is accomplished by liquid chromatography and a UV detector. Residues of imazamethabenz-methyl are extracted from homogenized sunflower seed by boiling the seed with 0.5N sodium hydroxide, as previously described for wheat and barley. Half of the extract is concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a volume of 30 to 40 ml to remove the methanol.


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Master the Art of Cooking with Virtual Cooking Lessons
The Benefits of Virtual Cooking Lessons
Virtual cooking lessons have surged in popularity since the pandemic began, offering aspiring chefs or anyone interested in cooking the opportunity to learn new culinary skills from the comfort of their homes. Here are some benefits of taking virtual cooking classes: To further enhance your knowledge on the subject, we recommend visiting this external resource. You'll find supplementary information and new perspectives that will enrich your understanding. hibachiomakase _URL_, give it a look!
Choosing the Right Virtual Cooking Class
With so many virtual cooking classes available, it can be overwhelming to choose the right one for you. Here are some factors to consider:
Making the Most of your Virtual Cooking Class
Here are some tips to help you get the most out of your virtual cooking experience:
Celebrity Chefs and Popular Virtual Cooking Classes
Virtual cooking classes offer a chance to learn from renowned chefs and famous personalities who share their tips, tricks, and signature dishes. Here are some popular celebrities and virtual cooking classes to consider:
Cooking with Gordon Ramsay
Watch as the fiery British chef, Gordon Ramsay, walks you through his famous recipes and shares his culinary expertise. His MasterClass on cooking covers topics such as kitchen setup, knife skills, and mastering ingredients. You can watch and learn at your own pace, getting regular feedback from the instructors.
Ina Garten's MasterClass
The Barefoot Contessa, Ina Garten, teaches you how to make simple and delicious meals with her MasterClass on cooking. Learn about ingredients, techniques, and recipe adaptations that will elevate your cooking game.
Cooking classes with Massimo Bottura
Celebrated Italian chef, Massimo Bottura, offers virtual cooking classes that showcase his unconventional and inventive approach to Italian cuisine. He invites you into his own kitchen, sharing his techniques and philosophies on cooking.
Cook-alongs with Jamie Oliver
The Naked Chef himself, Jamie Oliver, hosts virtual cook-alongs through his website, showing you how to make simple and tasty meals using whatever ingredients you have on hand. The classes are interactive and allow you to cook alongside Jamie from your own kitchen.
Virtual cooking lessons offer a convenient and engaging way to learn new culinary skills and expand your culinary repertoire. With the right preparation, mindset, and instructor, you can master the art of cooking and impress your friends and family with your delicious creations. We're committed to delivering a rich learning experience. For this reason, we've chosen this external site containing worthwhile details to enhance your study of the subject. _URL_
Access the related links and explore more about the topic discussed:


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Thank you for your inquiry.
The question you asked is one that is commonly discussed, but unfortunately, one which does not have a definitive answer. There are very little data in the literature regarding the stability of epinephrine in an automatic epinephrine injector exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range. I know of none that have looked at the effect of one day of storage out of this range. There is one study of which I am aware by Dr. Simons and colleagues (see abstract copied below) that has addressed this issue in terms of longer periods of time.
I have also copied below the instructions for storage (suggested ranges of temperature) to assure stability of the injectors for both the EpiPen and the Auvi-Q. As you can see, they are relatively similar instructions.
However, in practice, it is quite common for patients to be forced to store their injectors in temperature ranges outside of those recommended by the package insert. The manner in which one handles this, however, is based upon experience and clinical judgment without any evidence-based guidelines. Thus the only opinion I can offer you is not based on either consensus recommendation, or evidence-based, published literature.
However, unless the epinephrine in the autoinjector has frozen (and requires re-thawing), I would not replace an injector after one night or day of storage outside the recommended range.
Thank you again for your inquiry and we hope this response is helpful to you.
Long-term stability of epinephrine dispensed in unsealed syringes for the first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis
Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Volume 102, Issue 6, June 2009, Pages 500–503
Background: When epinephrine autoinjectors are unavailable or unaffordable, patients at risk for anaphylaxis in the community are sometimes provided with an unsealed syringe containing a premeasured epinephrine dose for use in first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis episodes.
Objectives: To study the stability of epinephrine solution in unsealed syringes under conditions of high ambient temperature, low vs high humidity, and light vs dark.
Methods: Forty unsealed syringes each containing an epinephrine dose of 0.3 mg (as a 1-mg/mL epinephrine solution) were stored at 38°C for 5 months, with 10 syringes at each of 4 different standardized storage conditions: dark and light at low (15%) humidity and dark and light at high (95%) humidity. Duplicate syringes were removed monthly from each storage environment and analyzed for epinephrine content vs control syringes.
Results: The epinephrine dose, expressed as the percentage remaining of the mean control dose, was below compendial limits (90% to 115% of label claim) by 3 months after storage at 38°C and low humidity and by 4 months after storage at 38°C and high humidity. Light had no significant effect.
Conclusion: In hot climates, if an unsealed syringe prefilled with an epinephrine dose is provided for the first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis, it should be replaced every few months on a regular basis with a new syringe containing a fresh dose of epinephrine.
Storage and Stability
Always store EpiPen® or EpiPen® Jr in the carrier tube with the blue safety release on until you need to use it. Store at 25°C (77°F); EXCURSIONS PERMITTED TO 15° - 30°C (59 ° - 86°F).
Do not refrigerate. Protect from light. Periodically check to make sure the solution in the auto-injector is not brown in color. Replace if it is discolored or contains a precipitate.
16.2 Storage and Handling
Epinephrine is light sensitive and should be stored in the outer case provided to protect it from light. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F); excursions permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). Do not refrigerate. Before using, check to make sure the solution in the auto-injector is clear and colorless. Replace the auto-injector if the solution is discolored, cloudy, or contains particles.
Phil Lieberman, M.D.


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This always seems to confuse new users. "CMD K, CMD 1" is called a "sequence." To fold the text, you have to press "command+k," then without removing your finger from "command," press 1,2,3,etc. If you don't remove your finger from command after pressing k, nothing will be removed, and your tabs wont be cycled.
Sequences allow Sublime Text to add a lot more keybindings than other applications, making it a very powerful tool, but it is a bit confusing when you're new to the concept.
Hope that helps.


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Surface plasmon optical study of the interfacial phase transition of elastinlike polypeptide grafted on gold
© American Vacuum Society 2008
Received: 14 May 2008
Accepted: 7 July 2008
Published: 2 October 2008
The conformational changes in elastinlike polypeptides (ELPs) grafted to a solid/solution interface via different architectures were studied using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS). SPFS provides a simple and convenient optical method to study the influence of the grafting method and the graft density on the conformational changes in ELPs at the solid-solution interface as a function of environmental variables. A typical response of the ELP, consistent with its stimuli responsiveness, was a gradual collapse upon increasing the ionic strength; this effect was inversely correlated with the surface graft density of the ELP.


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Castell Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Castell Name Meaning
English: variant spelling of Castle. Manx: from a short form of the Old Norse personal name Ásketill, composed of the elements áss 'god' + ketill 'kettle'. Catalan: topographic name from Catalan castell 'castle', a derivative of Late Latin castellum 'castle' (a diminutive of Latin castrum 'fort', 'Roman walled city'). Compare Spanish Castillo and Occitan (southern French) Castel. Probably an altered spelling of German Kastel.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press
Similar surnames: Castel, Castello, Casteel, Castelo, Cassell, Axtell, Haskell, Cattell


I know that the power of a discrete signal is given by:
$$P(x) = \lim_{N \rightarrow \infty}\frac{1}{2N + 1}\sum ^N _{n = -N} | x[n]|^2$$
However, I would like to know whether the power of a discrite time finite length signal is defined as:
$$P(x) = \frac{1}{N - 1}\sum ^N _{n = 1} | x[n]|^2$$
Or as,
$$P(x) = \frac{1}{N}\sum ^{N - 1} _{n = 0} | x[n]|^2$$
Being $N$ the length of the signal, the number of samples of it.
A finite length signal has a power of zero. This becomes obvious if you just use the first formula in your question and apply it to a signal of finite length. Finite length signals are so-called energy signals, and their energy is given by
where $N$ is the length of the signal (and we assume that the signal is defined in the index range $n\in[0,N-1]$).
The expression
is the power of an $N$-periodic signal, as explained in this answer.
Your Answer


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Maps of fantasy realms range from archetypical row-of-pointy-mountains, ribbony-serifs Lord of the Rings-style maps to a Guild Wars map evoking Google Earth realism. Some of the exhibit's most charming, rough-hewn maps pertain to such old-school computer games as the Legend of Zelda and the pioneering walk-through fantasy game Myst. "There was a time when you had a hard time finding a computer powerful enough to play Myst," says Franklin. "Now, it's hard to find one old enough to play it."
Map Library information resources specialist Timothy Utter says his favorite is the French card game, which dates to 1669. Preserved as an uncut sepia paper sheet of several dozen cards, the game assigns one suit to one of four major geographical regions, with hearts for Europe and clubs for the Americas. Each card asks one quiz question about the rivers, mountains, or other geographical features of that region, in delicate copperplate script.
Fancy script also appears on the large paper map of the fictional world Aarklash. A sprawling continent is peppered with cities whose names are rendered in calligraphy in various styles, evoking a range of imaginary cultures.
Some maps are not just renderings of imaginary worlds, but game pieces, such as a map showing a Lord of the Rings version of Risk (above). The work offers a stylized version of the classic LOTR maps, which originally were drawn by author J. R. R. Tolkien's son Christopher.


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This comes as the RSS' Asset Recovery Unit (ARU), and its Regional Maritime Officer, collaborated recently to host a two-day workshop for 174 officers across the RSS Member States, including the Barbados Coast Guard PELICAN.
During the exercise, Director of the Asset Recovery Unit, Kisha Sutherland, stated that the RSS ARU operates on the principle that crime does not pay, and pointed out that through the training, soldiers would be made aware of how they can prevent criminals from financially benefitting from their activities.
"Financial crimes, such as illicit trafficking, are done with a profit motive, topics such as money laundering and cash seizure will help to aid in bringing the fight to the criminals," she maintained.
The ARU head stated that it was necessary for all areas of law enforcement to work together to ensure that perpetrators were not successful in their illegal crimes.
"Our work and engagement show that to fight crime effectively, an all-of-law enforcement approach must be embraced and coordinated. This requires building and enhancing capacity in all aspects of law enforcement that touches and concerns the national crime fighting strategy," she pointed out.
The RSS official explained that the training programme was designed for members of the Coast Guards, whom she noted played a major role in maritime interceptions.
"We are cognisant of the limited investigative and law enforcement role played by the Defence Force in these crime interdictions, however, we acknowledge the crucial aspect of its work in being the first responder to an incident and interacting with evidential materials and suspects first hand. This workshop will therefore provide insight on how Coast Guard officers can gather evidence to assist the police and aid in the successful prosecution of cash seizure and money laundering matters," Ms. Sutherland outlined.
Regional Security System


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It is used to butt weld different and various plastic materials for scientific R&D activities. Sample Holders, Hot Plates block move by pneumatic actuating cylinders.
Two different modes of heating can be applied to the samples before welding:
- Direct contact to hot plate heating
- Contactless heating through the radiation from the hot plate.
The temperature of each hot plate can be adjusted separately up to Max 270° C (if necessary it can be increased up to 350° C).
Measurable and controllable parameters: heating time, heating temperature, heating distance, welding time and the welding pressure.


The Yellow Gorgonian Eunicella Cavolinii
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Eunicella cavolinii, commonly known as the yellow gorgonian or yellow sea whip, is a species of colonial soft coral in the family Gorgonidae. It is native to parts of the western Atlantic Ocean and most of the Mediterranean, where it is a common species.
Eunicella cavolini is a much-branched soft coral growing to a height of about 50 cm. It is fan-shaped with the irregular, cylindrical branches largely growing in a single plane. The stem has an enlarged base fixed to the substrate and the branches are smooth, short and about 3 mm thick. The coenenchyme (the thin fleshy covering of the stiff skeleton) is yellowish-orange. The polyps are white to yellow, about 2 mm long and arranged in four rows. Eunicella cavolini can be confused with the warty gorgonian (Eunicella verrucosa). Eunicella cavolini is common throughout the Mediterranean Sea. It grows mainly between 10 and 30 m but can be found as deep as 150 m.
The polyps expand their tentacles to catch zooplankton. The food fragments are passed to the mouth and then move into the gut to be digested. The nutrients are then transferred to all parts of the colony via channels in the living matrix of the branches. The fan is usually orientated perpendicular to the current so as to maximise the capture of prey.
 The growth rate is slow, at about 1 to 2 cm. per year.
(exstract from Wikipedia)

Informazioni sull'autore / About the author:
Fanino Cirivasi Fanino Cirivasi ha scritto / wrote 123 articoli / Posts.
Questo articolo è stato scritto il / This article was written on 11/05/2019
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Legal audit of company activities prior tax audit
Every corporate manager or private entrepreneur knows: one sould always be ready for a tax audit. It is likely even if bookkeeping and tax accounting are set up transparently, and tax authorities show no interest in the company.
Legal audit of a company is a kind of "dress rehearsal" of tax audit, the purpose of which is to put in order the primary documentation and reports, prepare reasonable retorts to the tax authorities inquiries in order to prevent additional tax charges and avoid their judicial and administrative claims.
The legal audit of the company, which VigoLex conducts prior tax audit, is as follows:
 1. Checking the legality and validity of the impending tax audit:
 - verifying the legality of administering an unscheduled tax audit, analysis of the prospects of appealing its designation;
 - checking the legality of the company's inclusion to the schedule of tax audits and analyzing the possibility of appealing such decision.
 2. Checking the primary documentation of the company regarding the main transactions:
 - checking the primary documents for the presence of obligatory details (compliance with formal requirements);
 - checking the primary documents for the degree of business transactions detailization (compliance with the content requirements);
 - removal of defects in the primary documentation.
 3. Legal assessment of the existing taxation mechanism of the company:
 - determination of the main factors affecting tax indicators;
 - assessment of the methods for tax payment accounting;
 - legal expertise of the existing tax payment accounting system;
 - preparing reasonable written answers to potential questions from tax authorities.
 4. Briefing by VigoLex lawyers for the director, chief accountant and other employees of the company regarding the tax audit.
VigoLex recommends that business owners do not neglect a legal audit of the company activities before a tax audit. This will help prevent additional tax charges and avoid significant costs of appealing the audit results in court.
Get a consultation
 +38 (068) 520-88-88


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The Hawaiian ti plant, or good luck plant, is an evergreen shrub of the Agave family. This plant produces glossy, speared-shaped foliage that grows in colors from rich dark-greens to deep reddish purples and maroons. This showy plant produces colorful and fragrant blooms when matured. The good luck plant is a low-growing plant that can reach natural heights up to 10 feet with indoor heights about half the natural size.
Keep the good luck plant in a warm, sunny location. Choose a bright location that receives at least eight hours of partial shade to full sunlight each day. Select locations with full morning sun and afternoon and evening shade. Avoid locations with varying temperature conditions such as locations near heating vents and air conditioners.
Irrigate the good luck plant regularly. Water the ti plant regularly to maintain a moist soil environment without over watering. Allow the good luck plant to dry only slightly between watering. Irrigate the plant until the excess water flows evenly from the drainage system and allow it to rest.
Mist the foliage of the ti plant daily, according to the Floridata recommendations. Mist the good luck plant multiple times a day during the hot, dry summer months. Consider using a humidifier near the plant in place of the misting to maintain constant humidity levels.
Feed the good luck plant monthly using a slow-released fertilizer such as a 3-1-2 or 6-2-4 combination. Distribute the fertilizer evenly throughout the good luck plant's container or around its outdoor planting bed. Feed indoor plants at half strength. Irrigate the feed thoroughly into the soil.
Dust the indoor good luck plant regularly to reduce the potential of fungal and bacterial diseases. Inspect the plant regularly for signs of disease or insect infestation. Treat disease and infestations immediately to prevent permanent injury to the plant. Treat the plant with an insecticide to prevent disease.


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hermitArticle Free Pass
hermit, also called Eremite, one who retires from society, primarily for religious reasons, and lives in solitude. In Christianity the word (from Greek erēmitēs, "living in the desert") is used interchangeably with anchorite, although the two were originally distinguished on the basis of location: an anchorite selected a cell attached to a church or near a populous centre, while a hermit retired to the wilderness.
The first Christian hermits appeared by the end of the 3rd century in Egypt, where one reaction to the persecution of Christians by the Roman emperor Decius was flight into the desert to preserve the faith and to lead a life of prayer and penance. Paul of Thebes, who fled to the desert about 250, has been considered the first hermit.
The excessive austerity and other extremes of the early hermits' lives were tempered by the establishment of cenobite (common life) communities. The foundation was thus laid in the 4th century for the institution of monasticism (i.e., monks living a common life according to an established rule). The eremitic life eventually died out in Western Christianity, but it has continued in Eastern Christianity. See also monasticism.
What made you want to look up "hermit"? Please share what surprised you most...


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The Air Force could soon be moving data with a high-speed optical network from Srico, in Columbus, Ohio.
Designers at Srico are developing an ultra-high-dynamic-range modulated optical source based on a compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) intensity modulator. Modulators, which are key components in optical communication and sensor networks, turn light on and off to encode the information being sent through the network.
Air Force leaders in August granted the company $750,000 for a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract for the project.
During the SBIR Phase I preliminary development, Srico set a world-record 66-dB extinction ratio for an optical modulator, a ratio of about 4 million to 1. The design's range is more than ten thousand times greater than what is obtainable from currently available commercial Mach-Zehnder modulators.
Srico, which was established in 1990, specializes in integrated optical-waveguide components and optoelectronic subsystems that dramatically improve signal transmission and electrical measurement in communication and sensor networks. Within the company's current product portfolio are electro-optic modulators, optical-wavelength switches, analog fiber-optic links, and photonic sensors that detect and measure electric field, current, and voltage. For more information, see _URL_.


Documentation:Windows Section 5.2
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Insert Menu
The Insert menu allows you to insert header sections, object definitions, etc. into a file you are editing with the internal editor, with only a few clicks of your mouse. It is only visible if you have selected an editor window.
This menu is built dynamically from the directory called 'Insert Menu', which is in the POV-Ray for Windows installation directory. The way it works is similar to the Windows 95/NT Start Menu. You can even edit it at run-time, and POVWIN will automatically pick up the fact that it's been changed and re-load it.
It has the additional special feature that menu entries may optionally have an image file associated with them, which is displayed when that entry is highlighted. A set of these image files is shipped with POV-Ray for Windows as standard; you can re-render these at a higher resolution if you like - see Re-Render Insert Menu Bitmaps in the Other Settings menu.
How the Insert Menu is Built
Physical Layout
Each sub-menu in the Insert Menu is a directory (also called a 'folder' these days). To create a new sub-menu, just create a new directory. The submenu will have the same name as the directory.
The actual items that you can insert in your scene files are simply text files. POVWIN recognizes them by the extension.TXT. Any.TXT file in the Insert Menu directory tree will appear in the Insert Menu. The name shown in the Insert Menu will be the filename of the.TXT file, minus the.TXT extension. If you select this file from the Insert Menu, the contents of the corresponding text file will be inserted into your scene file at the current cursor location.
Sorting the Insert Menu
It is possible to order the insert menu entries any way you like, both for folders and for the files (or sub-folders) within them. Normally, the entries are added to the menu in alphabetical order, with all folders being added before files. However, you can influence the ordering of each group (folders and files) by prepending a 'NN -'to a folder or file, where 'NN' is any letter or digit (note however that this does not permit you to place a file before a folder).
For example, suppose you wanted to move the folder called 'Transformations' (which creates the menu entry called 'Transformations' in the above sample image) so that it appears between the 'Expressions' and 'Headers' items in the menu. You could achieve this by re-naming the folder from 'Transformations' to, say, 'F0 - Transformations' (the choice of 'F0' in this example is arbitrary - you could use anything that will alphabetically sort between 'Expressions' and 'Headers').
When the editor code builds the insert menu (which happens each time you change it), any file or folder that starts with a prefix of 'NN -'(note the trailing space) will be sorted using the prefix, but displayed without the prefix.
Adding a Separator
Creating a special file called '-.txt' (a hyphen followed by.txt) usually prefixed by a 'NN -'(e.g. '30 - -.txt'), will cause a menu separator to be drawn instead of inserting a new item into the menu. The contents of the file are ignored.
To create a separator between sub-menus, do the same thing as above, but create a folder instead of a file and leave off the '.txt' extension.
Using the Insert Menu
Each Insert Menu text file can have an associated BMP file that provides a preview of the item that the text file can generate. In the above example image, the item provides the spiral2 pattern, so the preview image shows a rendered example of this pattern.
Preview images can be of any bit-depth, but if you want to distribute them we strongly recommend that they be no more than 8-bit. Additionally, they should be no larger than 640x480 pixels.
The easiest way to understand how it all fits together is to inspect the Insert Menu directory that ships with POV-Ray for Windows. The first item in the Insert Menu will allow you to do that by opening an Explorer window located at that point on your disk.
See also Re-Render Insert Menu Bitmaps in the Other Settings menu.
Render Menu
The Render Menu contains options that relate to starting, stopping, and controlling the rendering process (i.e. the generation of images).
Edit Settings/Render
This command lets you select an INI and/or a POV file and make any last-minute command-line changes to the POV-Ray options before rendering.
In the 'Ini file' box, you can select an INI file by typing in the filename. You can also browse your directory structure for it. POV-Ray for Windows remembers the last directory from which an INI file was actually selected. If you select an INI file that has sections (see Sections in Understanding File Types), the Section box shows the first section label. Clicking on the down arrow brings up a menu of other sections in the INI file for you to choose from.
In the 'Source file' box, you can select a POV file by typing in the filename. You can also browse your directory structure for it. Once again, the directory that shows up is the last directory from which a POV file was actually selected.
If you currently have an editor window selected, you will not be able to change these entries as they will be set to the name of the file you are editing (even if its extension is not.POV). If you want to use these fields you need to choose the Message window first.
The commands are processed from top to bottom. Any options in the INI file you select override the default POVRAY.INI file as well as any POVRAY.INI file in the directory where the scene file resides. A selected POV file overrides any 'Input_File_Name=' option in the selected INI file. Finally, any command-line options override corresponding options in any INI file. The command line is processed from left to right; if an option is repeated on the command line, the one last processed applies.
If you want to change the command-line settings but do not want to start rendering the currently loaded POV file, press 'Set but don't Render'.
The command line is versatile. If you have a POV file and a number of options loaded, you can override the scene to be rendered by typing the name of another POV file on the command line. Conversely, you can type in one or more options (or the name of an INI file), forcing POV-Ray for Windows to render the currently loaded POV scene with the new options. If you type the name of an INI file which specifies a new POV file with the 'Input_File_Name=' option, the current scene file as well as the current options are overridden. See also Understanding File Types.
Select File and Render
This is the way to select a file from disk for immediate rendering. If the file is a POV file, it is rendered with the current options. If it is an INI file with no POV input file specified, the options will apply to the currently loaded POV file, only to be overridden by command-line settings. If the INI file specifies a POV input file, that POV scene is rendered with the options set in the INI file. See also Understanding File Types.
Start Rendering (Go!)/Stop Rendering
This is a toggle. If you are not currently rendering, the command Start Rendering instructs POV-Ray for Windows to start rendering the currently loaded POV file with the current settings. While POV-Ray for Windows is rendering, the command reads Stop Rendering and will interrupt the current rendering job. You can continue an interrupted rendering job by selecting 'Continue ' from the Rerun SubMenu.
Run Demo
The easiest way to see what POV-Ray for Windows is capable of is selecting this command, which renders a sample POV-Ray file to screen. To interrupt rendering, select Render/Stop Rendering or double-click on the drawer icon in the top left-hand corner of the rendering window. See also Getting Started.
Run Benchmark
This command instructs POV-Ray for Windows to run the standard POV-Ray benchmark file, using a given set of options.
Note: The file itself and the options used are built into the program and may not be changed (this includes the resolution). Any options specified on the command-line will be ignored.
Be aware that during the render, there is no image display, and furthermore, no output file is produced. The only purpose of the benchmark command is to determine how long it takes to render the standard file with the specific options used.
Immediately before POV-Ray for Windows starts writing the render information to the message display, it will output a line telling you what version of the official benchmark is being used.
Warning: If you choose to quote your benchmark results publicly, it is essential that you include the benchmark version and the exact version of POV-Ray that you ran it on. Changes to the benchmark file itself, and optimizations to POV-Ray, may make comparisions between different versions of the benchmark or different versions of POV-Ray meaningless, especially if it is CPU performance that you are testing.
The actual benchmark file used is built-in to the program; it is not dependent on the benchmark.pov file which is included in the ~\scenes\advanced directory. However, if you want to run the benchmark manually, or on another platform, you may use that file (just make sure it is the same version). The file also contains the recommended command-line parameters to be used with the render.
After the benchmark completes a dialog box will be displayed showing the average PPS (pixels per second) that the render took. Larger


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Owatonna High School - Attendance Policy
It is the responsibility of the Owatonna Public Schools to the community that all school members will work to challenge and support students in the pursuit of their highest levels of academic and personal achievement. Recognizing the strong relationship between regular attendance for each class and high academic achievement, the District will establish a clear attendance system. Such a system will promote this relationship and hold students accountable for regular attendance. It is essential that Owatonna High School students and their families take responsibility for knowing and following the Attendance Policy. If a student is going to be absent, a parent/guardian is responsible for calling _PHONE_ to report the absence. This voicemail number can be called 24 hours a day.
General Guidelines for Attendance
Owatonna High School has established the following parameters for the number of allowed absences (both excused and unexcused) for quarter, semester and yearlong courses.
An accumulation of three (3) excused/unexcused absences in a quarter course, six (6) excused/unexcused absences in a semester course and twelve (12) excused/unexcused absences in a yearlong course will result in a student receiving the final grade earned if the grade is a C- or better.
An NC (No Credit) will be awarded when the final grade is lower than a C-. (The NC is calculated as a 0.0 for GPA and related purposes).
Owatonna High School expects students and their parent(s)/guardian to take responsibility for knowing and following the Attendance Policy.
- All students regardless of age must have absences excused by the parent(s)/guardian if the student lives at home.
- Students enrolled in an alternative program should leave campus immediately following their last class.
- Owatonna High School is an open campus; however, students may not leave school in a motorized vehicle during lunch or any other time of the day without pre-approved permission from a parent.
Absence Procedures _PHONE_
- When a student will be absent from school, the parent or guardian is asked to call the high school attendance office between 7:00 am and 9:00 am. The attendance phone line number is _PHONE_. If a phone call is received, a written note is not necessary from the parents.
- Any student who has been absent for any part of the day is required to report to the high school office when he/she returns to school to acquire an admit pass, which will be shown to all teachers when entering the classroom.
- When a student has been in school any part of the day, and intends plans to be absent from school later, the school must be notified by written permission or by telephone call from the parent prior to the time the student is scheduled to leave. The student must acquire a Permit to Leave the Building (blue pass) from the high school attendance office prior to leaving the school building.
- When a student has become ill during the school day, he/she must receive permission to go home from the school nurse or attendance secretary. Students who become ill and leave school without permission will be marked truant.
- Attendance on Days of School Activities: Students are reminded that except for doctor and dental appointments and school-approved activities, attendance for the last two periods of the day is required on the day of a game or a performance. Violations of this rule will be referred to the principal's and activities director's office.
- Parents/students will be informed of absences through accessing the online Infinite Campus Parent/Student Portal. Notification of unverified absences (absences that were not pre-excused through phone or written message) will be sent via an automated telephone call and email to the parent/household designated contact number and email address.
Guidelines and Categories for Excused Absences
The following categories of absences will coded excused with prior notification from parent.
- College visits
- Driver's license examination
- Family Emergency
- Pre-arranged excused absences for student participation in non-school competition and performance activities.
- Family vacations pre-arranged with school administrator.
- Professional appointments that cannot be scheduled outside of the school day
- Spectators at state/regional competitions when Owatonna is not competing; student spectators must have parent(s)/guardian approval and follow all attendance policy procedures
Guidelines for Pre-Arranged Absences
Absences due to family vacations, or for an event that is a significant educational opportunity must be pre-arranged in order to be determined as excused. Under no circumstances will students be excused for pre-arranged absences occurring on state mandated testing dates. Students are responsible for obtaining the PreArranged Absences Form (available on the OHS Website – and/or from the student's counselor), completing it with all required signatures, and submitting to their counselor for final approval no less than 5 days prior to the absence. Absences not pre-arranged and approved will be designated as unexcused absences.
Guidelines and Categories for Unexcused Absences
The following categories of absences will be coded as unexcused – truant.
- Any unverified absence not cleared within 24 hours of occurrence
- Work at home
- Work at a business except under a school-sponsored work release program
- Non-pre-arranged family vacations
- Missed bus
- Arrival to class after twenty minutes will be coded as an unexcused absence and will count toward the total number of absences allowed.
- Other non-school authorized excuses
- Notes or phone calls without a reason for absence
Guidelines and Categories for School Authorized Absences
The following categories of absences will be coded as School Authorized Absences. These absences are considered Exempt and will not count toward the loss of credit in a yearlong/semester/quarter course.
- Ceremonies in which the student is being honored or presented with an award (i.e. Rotary)
- Chronic illness verified by a doctor and reported to school nurse
- Court-ordered appearances supported by documentation
- Death in the student's immediate family or of a close friend/relative
- Field trips
- Illness in student's immediate family (documentation required by medical personnel)
- Interscholastic meets and event
- Musical sectionals
- Religious holidays and/or instruction
- Student government and related activities
- Verified meeting conducted with school personnel
- Spectators at state/regional competitions when Owatonna is competing; student spectators must have parent(s)/guardian approval and follow all attendance policy procedures.
- Driver's Permit Test
General Guidelines for Tardies
- Students are expected to be in their assigned areas at designated times. Students who arrive to block classes within twenty minutes of the start of class will be considered tardy. Students arriving to "skinny" or ½ block classes within ten minutes of the start of class will be considered tardy
- Students arriving without a legitimate and confirmed excuse after the ten and twenty minute deadline for skinny and block courses respectively will be coded as unexcused.
- Three tardies per class will equal one unexcused absence and will count toward the total number of absences allowed as specified in the General Guidelines for Attendance.
Guidelines for Make-Up Work Due to Excused and Student Authorized Absences
- The student is responsible for requesting and making arrangements to complete assignments and course work missed during the absence.
- Upon the student's return to school, a maximum of two days is allowed for completing make-up work. Additional days for make-up work may be granted at the discretion of each teacher.
- Previously announced projects and/or assessments must be turned in or taken on the day of the student's return to school. If extenuating circumstances exist, the teacher may grant additional make-up time.
- An administrative conference will be held with students who exhibit a pattern of excused absences on assessment days.
Guidelines for Appealing Loss of Credit Due to Exceeding the Attendance Policy Limit
A student wishing to appeal a No Credit grade received due to exceeding the attendance policy can download the Attendance Appeal form from the OHS website or obtain the form from his/her counselor.
- The student will submit a completed form along with any supporting documentation to their counselor no later than five school days following the grading period.
- An Attendance Appeals Committee comprised of one administrator, the student's counselor, and the student's instructor will review the appeal request and render a decision to accept or deny the appeal.
Guidelines for Truancy:
In accordance with the State Department of Education and the Minnesota Mandatory Attendance Law, students must attend school each and every day school is in session. It is the responsibility of the students, parents/guardians, and the school to assure that students attend school.
Truant: absence without lawful excuse from attendance at school when required to attend. MN Statute 260A.02 subd. (3) and subd. (19):
- Continuing Truant: Minn. Stat. 260A.02 provides that a continuing truant is a student who is subject to the compulsory instruction requirements of Minn. Stat. 120.101 and is absent from instruction in a school. As defined in Minn. Stat. 120.05, without valid excuse within a single school year for three or more class periods on three days if the child is in the middle school, junior high school, or high school.
- Habitual Truant: A habitual truant is a child under the age of 16 years who is absent from school without lawful excuse for seven school days if the child is in elementary school or for one or more class periods on seven school days if the child is in middle school or high school.
- A school district official shall refer a


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Bobolink and Eastern Meadowlark Recovery Strategy Executive Summary
This document provides a summary of the recovery strategy for the Bobolink and Eastern Meadowlark, which advises the ministry on ways to ensure healthy numbers of the species return to Ontario.
Prepared by Jon McCracken, Ron Reid, Rosalind Renfrew, Barbara Frei, Jarmo Jalava, Amber Cowie and Andrew Couturier
The Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) both rely upon grasslands for breeding, have similar breeding distributions in Ontario, often co-occur in the same fields, have similar population trajectories, and face similar threats. Because of these relationships, the two species are represented within a single recovery strategy.
Prior to European settlement in eastern North America, Bobolinks and Eastern Meadowlarks nested in native prairies, savannahs, alvar grasslands, beaver meadows, burned-over areas, and areas cleared for agriculture by First Nations. Although most such habitat was destroyed following European settlement, the two species quickly adopted newly-created surrogate grasslands – primarily pastures and hayfields – as nesting habitat. Indeed, were it not for the creation of these agricultural habitats for livestock, the two species may well have disappeared from large parts of their original range.
Though still common and widespread, the Bobolink and Eastern Meadowlark were recently designated as threatened species in Ontario, primarily as a result of strong population declines that have been occurring in Ontario and across most of their breeding ranges. Population losses in Ontario have been occurring over much of the last half century. Over the most recent 10-year period, it is estimated that the Bobolink population in Ontario has declined by an average annual rate of 4 percent, which corresponds to a cumulative loss of 33 percent. Over the same period, Eastern Meadowlark populations have declined at an average annual rate of 2.9 percent (cumulative loss of 25%).
There are several probable factors responsible for driving population declines in Ontario. Chief among them is loss of breeding habitat, especially pasturelands and hayfields which have either been abandoned outright or have been converted to other crop types. In addition, there have been changes in hayfield composition and management that affect habitat quality (e.g., a decrease in the proportion of grass cover as a result of an increase in the amount of Alfalfa planted, because of its higher nutritional value to livestock). Poor reproductive output is also a primary factor. Nest losses are apt to be unsustainably high in intensively-managed hayfields, when the mowing period overlaps with the peak of the birds' breeding season. All of the foregoing issues are ultimately driven by agri-economic forces affecting the livestock industry in Ontario, particularly dairy and beef cattle.
Habitat loss also figures prominently on the wintering grounds of both species. In winter, the Bobolink faces additional threats in South America, where it may be exposed to direct human persecution and to toxic effects from insecticides used on agricultural rice crops.
Recovery of the Bobolink and Eastern Meadowlark in Ontario poses a significant conservation challenge. The majority of their breeding populations occur on private lands managed by farmers for the production of agricultural goods and services. Given the well-documented, ongoing decline in the extent of pasture and in cattle numbers, coupled with similar declines in the area of hay dominated by grass, a challenge will be to slow the loss of agricultural grasslands in the face of market forces.
The long-term recovery goal is to maintain stable, self-sustaining populations of Bobolinks and Eastern Meadowlarks in Ontario, and in so doing contribute to the conservation of the guild of grassland birds. In the short term (over the 10-year period from 2013-2023), the goal is to slow the annual rate of population decline for both species to an average of no more than 1 percent per year (i.e., no more than 10% over 10 years). Achieving population stability at roughly 90 percent of the present-day population size is the long-term goal thereafter.
Informed by an adaptive management framework, the goals can be achieved through a suite of targeted protection and recovery objectives, which are to:
- describe priority habitats and regions for conservation, identify key issues and factors that may impede or assist species recovery, and establish the target levels of habitat supply and habitat management regimes that are needed to meet the recovery goal;
- increase public awareness of the two species and their habitat;
- improve nesting productivity and habitat quality;
- increase habitat supply of native grassland;
- maintain existing habitat supply of agricultural grasslands to the extent practicable;
- establish strong links to other conservation planning efforts underway for other grassland species that are of high conservation concern, both in Ontario and in other relevant jurisdictions;
- apply appropriate ESA protection, habitat regulations and any other provincial or federal policies and assess the degree to which they help stabilize populations of the two species; and
- track and report on the state of populations in relation to recovery activities.
It is recommended that the habitat regulation for the Bobolink and Eastern Meadowlark focus on sites that one or both species have recently occupied during the breeding season. This includes open country habitats consisting of natural and semi-natural grassland (including but not limited to tallgrass prairie, alvar grasslands, beaver meadows, and grassy peatlands), hayfields, pastures, grassland habitat restoration sites, and abandoned fields where one or both species have been confirmed to breed or probably bred during the current or previous three years. It is also recommended that the habitat regulation should exclude annual row crops (e.g., winter wheat and rye). It is recommended that regulated habitat be delineated (mapped) on a case-by-case basis using the Ecological Land Classification system.


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|120 x 730 x 520 mm
The HELLER Model is the English Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson's „H.M.S. Victory", three-Decker-vessel that was involved in the Trafalgar battle and is the Royal Navy fifth vessel of that name. On 28th October 1760 the ship was officially named „Victory". In 1777 Great Britain was at war again and on 8th May 1778 the completed vessel was launched as Admiral Vessel under the command of Admiral Lord Keppel to fight her first battle against the French fleet near the Brittany coast. April 1803 she was armed again, with her appearance very different. Most of the golden ornamentation had been changed, or had been deleted. When she then went back to sea she had the looks that are much admired today. In 1825, the vessel became Portsmouth Chief Admiral Headquarters and kept this honor until 1869. The honor was restored to her 32 years later in 1901. In 1921, the Nautical Research Society, whose president was Lord Milford Haven, organized a campaign to save the Victory and on 12th January she was moved into the oldest dry dock in the world: Portsmouth Dock N°2. It is in this dock that she can still be admired, and remains in remarkable condition.
Note: The instructions, which are also available separately, are already included with the purchase of the model kit and do not have to be purchased separately.
At Heller, we are constantly working to produce our products as sustainable as possible. In recent years, we have therefore taken many measures to increase resource efficiency as much as possible.
Since 2023, we have been producing all Heller model kits with recycled plastic. This gives existing plastic a new life in a great kit while maintaining the same quality.
Instead of packing our sprues in plastic bags, we use tissue paper to transport all components in a clean, protected and environmentally friendly way. Thanks to our seal closure, we do not need shrink film. This also significantly increases the recyclability of our packaging.
We are proud of our large archive of injection moulds. That is why we rework, repair and improve existing moulds instead of throwing them away. Great models are preserved and at the same time a lot of energy and material is saved. That's why we proudly display the year of manufacture of our moulds and the year of the last general overhaul clearly on every product box.


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23 August 2000 - Tbilisi needs to develop a city environmental action plan to address urgent problems related to urban land use, green spaces, and water supply programs, concludes the State of the Environment 2000 Report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme's office, GRID-Tbilisi. The report is available online at _URL_
The Georgian capital city faces challenges of low public participation, high income disparity, and limited government resources. However, programs of co-operation with European sister cities and the recent incorporation of environmental education into school curricula nation-wide signal hope for future environmental improvements.
The State of the Environment Report includes detailed statistics and charts on topics such as air and water quality, demographics, health, and cultural heritage. The report was produced by UNEP/GRID-Tbilisi and UNEP's Cities Environment Reports on the Internet (CEROI) programme (_URL_), which assists local authorities around the world to develop local environmental assessments and publish them online by providing training, software, and technical services.
For more information, contact Zurab Jintcharadze of GRID-Tbilisi, _EMAIL_.


Narrowing down GTF trace output
The General Trace Facility (GTF) in MVS is useful for identifying problems, but narrowing down GTF trace data can be daunting. This tip offers a how-to on narrowing down GTF trace output to simplify debugging.
MVS' General Trace Facility (GTF) is one of those tools that makes you glad to work on the mainframe. When started, a GTF trace can record all sorts of system events and provide detailed diagnostic data for those hard-to-find bugs. Of course, the formatted output is prodigious, which makes gleaning the nuggets of information necessary to debug the problem harder than finding a liquor store in Waco. However, a little REXX combined with a less-traditional debugging tool can help discover the gold from a GTF trace.
GTF traces for SVCs
One useful GTF feature is the ability to capture supervisor call (SVC) instructions that problem programs use to access system services. Imagine, for instance, we have response time problems because we suspect an application is issuing operating system waits instead of using CICS' application programming interface (API). A GTF trace for wait SVCs (SVC 1) will collect, among other things, the instruction addresses of the service call. The instruction addresses, combined with a dump of the region, can quickly pinpoint the program issuing the non-CICS waits.
Below are some sample parameters for GTF. Note that years ago GTF got its parameters from the console. You can see this historical context below, where "prompting" options (the ones that end in "P") do little else except tell GTF to expect the actual parameters later in the input stream. Thus, the SVCP parameter points to the SVC option listing the SVC numbers to be traced. Similarly, JOBNAMEP refers to JOBNAME to be traced.
Formatting the GTF trace
IBM's Interactive Problem Control System (IPCS) can format the raw GTF trace data. Pasted below is some sample output, where you can see lots of useful information about the circumstances under which something issued the WAIT.
**** GTF TRACING ENVIRONMENT ****
 Release: SP7.0.9 FMID: HBB7740 System name: SYSP
 CPU Model: 2097 Version: 00 Serial no. 015EFF
SVC..... 001 ASCB.... 00FC0880 CPU..... 0002 JOBNAME. CICSPROD OLD-PSW. 078D0001 95113178
 TCB..... 00A98E00 MODN.... DFHKETCB R15... F918ABD8 R0... 00000001 R1... 1E19D328
 PLIST... 1E19D328
 GMT-01/27/2010 18:27:46.321507 LOC-01/27/2010 12:27:46.321507
 SVC..... 001 ASCB.... 00FC0880 CPU..... 0001 JOBNAME. CICSPROD OLD-PSW. 078D0001 95112F3C
 TCB..... 00AF8680 MODN.... DFHKETCB R15... BE06CECE R0... 00000001 R1... EA99C000
 PLIST... _PHONE_ 000408B8 0022AB64 00054C8C 80054BE4
 GMT-01/27/2010 18:27:46.321775 LOC-01/27/2010 12:27:46.321775
Now we have a great pile of diagnostic information consisting of a dump and a GTF trace. The challenge is to separate legitimate waits executed by the CICS system code from the application issued SVCs. The brute force method would dictate going through each trace entry and matching Program Status Words (PSWs) with load modules in the CICS dump. That might take a while.
Boiling down GTF trace data with REXX and Excel
Fortunately, a little REXX that can convert GTF trace output into a command separated value (CSV) file suitable for importing into Excel. I included an example REXX program below.
/* REXX */
parse arg input
"del 'user01.gtfsvc.csv'" /* Delete and reallocate output file */
"alloc fi(csvout) da('user01.gtfsvc.csv') unit(sysda) space(15 15)",
 "track new catalog lrecl(60) blksize(18000) recfm(f b) release"
csvout.1 = "SVC,Job Name,PSW,TCB" /* Write column headers */
"execio 1 diskw csvout (stem csvout."
"EXECIO 1 DISKR gtfin (stem gtfin." /* Top of input loop */
do while(rc = 0)
 if index(gtfin.1, 'SVC.....') > 0 then, /* Beginning of an entry */
 firstWord = 2
 if word(gtfin.1, 1) = '1' then, /* Deal with page ejects */
 firstWord = 3
 svc = word(gtfin.1, firstWord) /* Get SVC, job name and PSW */
 jobname = word(gtfin.1, firstWord+6)
 psw = word(gtfin.1, firstWord + 8) ||'' || word(gtfin.1, firstWord+9)
 "EXECIO 1 DISKR gtfin (stem gtfin." /* Get next line for TCB address */
 if word(gtfin.1, 1) = '1' then, /* Again with the page ejects? */
 tcb = word(gtfin.1, 3)
 tcb = word(gtfin.1, 2)
 csvout.1 = svc || ',' || jobname || ',' || psw || ',' tcb
 "execio 1 diskw csvout (stem csvout." /* Build and write output */
 "EXECIO 1 DISKR gtfin (stem gtfin." /* Get next line */
queue /* It's all over, go home */
address tso
"execio * diskr gtfin (finis)"
"execio * diskW csvout (finis)"
"free fi(csvout)"
Disclaimer: This is "fair weather" sample code that may or may not work with your GTF report.
This script's one parameter is the name of a DD statement pointing to a dataset containing the GTF report. It writes the output CSV file to dataset userid.GTFSVC.CSV. The CSV output contains four columns, which include the SVC number, the job name, the PSW of the instruction that issued the SVC and the Task Control Block (TCB) of the thread. It writes the header labels as the first row in the CSV file.
Now it becomes a simple matter to import the CSV file into Excel. The resulting spreadsheet looks like this:
Click to enlarge.
Auto-filtering the spreadsheet gives us the ability to get a summary list of the columns. The auto-filter option appears in the Excel "Data" pull-down menu.
Once the spreadsheet is filtered, we can do things like click on the PSW header button and get a summary list of addresses that issued the wait SVC.
Click to enlarge.
Now, instead of wading through hundreds of trace entries, we have a list of five PSWs to check against the dump.
More ways to analyze GTF trace data
When I think of debugging, Excel doesn't usually spring to mind. However, its data analysis abilities make it a good secondary tool to make sense out of the blizzard of data produced by MVS. Other enhancements to this REXX might include capturing the trace timestamp or parameter list. The same principle may also be applied to other forms of GTF trace output.
Dig Deeper on IBM system z and mainframe systems


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"Remembering the Great War"
The Vernon Historical Society presents a new exhibit, "Remembering the Great War" timed to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the start of World War I for the United States. The exhibit will open to the public on Saturday June 10th as part of the annual "Open House" sponsored by the Connecticut Office of Tourism.
In this exhibit, visitors will see through photographs, letters and artifacts how our community participated by sending their young men and women off to fight and by working together to support the national war effort. In Rockville, members of the German-American community faced questions about their patriotism as sections of Rockville near the mills were made off-limits to aliens from enemy countries. Near the end of the war, the global influenza pandemic struck Rockville and Vernon. City officials struggled to cope as the numbers of sick and dying overwhelmed community resources.
When the Armistice was declared, Rockville and Vernon celebrated with a parade in November 1918 and later with a "Welcome Home" parade in July 1919. At the time, everyone believed that the First World War would be the "war to end all wars'"
On Saturday, June 10th the Vernon Historical Society will have special Saturday hours of 10am to 4pm. From then on, the exhibit can be viewed during our usual hours: Thursdays from 2pm- 4pm, the second and fourth Sundays of each month from 2pm to 4pm, and by appointment. Admission to the exhibit is free and open to the public. The Historical Society and Museum are located at 734 Hartford Turnpike, Vernon.
"Then and Now" Pictures on Display
A new set of "Then and Now: Photographs of Our Town- Past and Present", has been added to the exhibit that shows the changes to Vernon and Rockville over time. The photographs can be viewed at the Vernon Collector of Revenue Office on Park Street in the Rockville section of Vernon. Assembled by VHS researchers, Carolyn Blouin and James Ashe, the exhibit features sets of historical and contemporary photos. Each set focuses on a location in town and includes photos of a mill, a school and a church. Seen together the photographs illustrate how the place has changed over time. Mr. Ashe and Mrs. Blouin selected historic photographs and vintage postcards from the VHS collection. Then they took contemporary photographs of the same site, trying to match the angle from which the original photograph was taken.
The exhibit in the Tax Office is the fourth in a series that will illuminate the changes that time and development have brought to our town.
The exhibit can be viewed in the Collector of Revenue department on the first floor in the Town Hall Annex which is open Monday thru Wednesday from 8:30am to 4:30pm, Thursday 8:30am to 7pm and Friday from 8:30am to 1:30pm.


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In 2005, we provided the components and circuit diagram for a solar powered.25Hp AC water pumping system with a 2,500 watt inverter for the Assumption School in Majuro. As a result, the School is designated site for emergency water supply, as it has a large water tank supplied by the water pump. In the case of a major power failure this school would be one of very few water sources in the area.
We have also provided components for over 50 outer island elementary schools with basic solar power systems, as requested under the US federally funded Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The systems followed their specifications and were installed at the Ministry of Education Special Education Centers. They are typically used for lights, photocopying, and general school needs.