text:
In today's competitive global market, it is necessary for regions to have a long-term economic development strategy that can serve as a roadmap to progress and prosperity. The Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) does just that.
The CEDS is a locally-based, regionally-driven economic development planning process and document that successfully engages community leaders, private sector partners, and other stakeholders in planning for our region's future.
The CEDS planning process creates the space for the region to identify its strengths and weaknesses and brings together a diverse set of partners to create good jobs, diversify the economy, and spur economic growth. The CEDS is a pre-requisite for federal designation as an Economic Development District (EDD) and must be updated at least every five years. An effective CEDS allows a region to maximize its economic development potential, as well as engage with the US Economic Development Administration (EDA) and other federal partners to receive infrastructure and technical assistance grants, such as EDA's Public Works and Economic Adjustment Assistance programs.
Overall, an effective CEDS planning process identifies locally-grown strategies that will guide regional economic development, encourage partnerships and collaboration, and improve economic outcomes and overall quality of life in our region.
The CEDS At a Glance:
- The CEDS helps to build on the strengths of our region, as well as identify gaps in resources or expertise that need to be addressed
- The CEDS planning process can facilitate regional collaboration, expand supply chains, and grow and support new industry clusters
- With a CEDS in place, regions are more likely to attract federal funds and technical assistance by demonstrating resources are used efficiently and effectively
- The CEDS process can make our region more resilient and better positioned to plan for, respond to, and recover from natural disasters and economic shocks
- The CEDS can be much more than just a static document, but rather an engaging platform that generates region-wide discussions and serves as a call to action for economic development
REGIONAL COVID-19 RECOVERY PLANNING
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
In the winter and spring of 2021, NEOEDD met with over 70 stakeholders who provided input on key needs, partnerships, challenges, strengths, and opportunities as part of NEOEDD's effort to understand the unique and shared economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Baker, Union, Wallowa county region. The stakeholders identified the following key needs which are further defined in the Community Needs Assessment document.
|Social Capital||Continue to increase communications and collaboration|
|Continue to explore equitable methods to make resources more accessible and combat structural inequity/inequality
|Health, Food, & Social Services||Continue to explore innovative solutions to provide affordable, inclusive mental and physical health care|
|Continue to explore innovative solutions to increase access to healthy food options
|Education & Childcare||Continue to work with partners to make childcare options more equitable for families and profitable for providers|
|Continue to find innovative ways to improve and expand career pathway and skill development options
|Built & Natural Environments||Continue to explore innovative ways to increase attainable housing options|
|Continue to develop for a more resilient future
|Economic Development||Continue to explore business retention solutions and provide more workforce development options for current and future workforce|
|Continue to support resilient local businesses and strong diversified economies|
NEOEDD will be meeting with stakeholders to develop a COVID-19 Recovery Plan throughout the remainder of 2021. If you are interested in participating in the planning and implementation process, please contact us.


text:
Can mouldy food cause hallucinations
It's probably no surprise that rotting food gives us the heebie-jeebies. After all, the thought of decaying produce gives us the willies. But what exactly causes our brains to hallucinate when we smell or come into contact with mouldy food? Well, it might not be as weird as you think. In fact, some experts believe we experience hallucinations from smelling or coming into contact with mouldy food for one very specific reason: It can cause body odour. Yep, your body produces bacteria every time you sweat, which is why wearing clean clothes after you've been out in the heat helps keep you odour-free and smelling fresh. So how does this relate to images of skeletal hands appearing on toast? Well, research published in the journal Clinical and Experimental Allergy suggests that people who have a heightened sensitivity to smells may be more likely to experience hallucinations from smelling things like rotten bread and sweaty gym clothes than other people are. So if you're one of those people who get a little creeped out by old gym socks or a slightly rancid smell emanating from your kitchen cabinet; maybe it's time to stock up on some new possessions!
Why Can Stale Food Cause Hallucinations?
The main cause of stale food causing hallucinations is the smell itself. Once food is out of the fresh produce section, it starts to break down, meaning it starts to smell a little worse, and a little worse, and a little worse – until it reaches a point where it's so bad that it can literally makes our brains hallucinate.
The thing is, when food starts to rot, it releases a variety of compounds that can affect the way our brains process sensory information. These compounds include ammonia and trimethylamine (a type of amino acid), which are thought to be the reasons why rotting food gives us the giggles. Ammonia is a compound commonly found in your body and is present in your saliva as well as in your urine. It's actually a part of your body's own natural antiperspirant, which is why it doesn't bother you when you sweat. But it can be a problem when it's combined with trimethylamine, which is what causes the rotten-breath, sweat-stinks, and creepy-crankies side effects of mouldy food. So, let's put this all together. Foods that contain a lot of yeast and bacteria can cause your body to release a compound called trimethylamine, which your nose then smells and causes you to think there's a rotting corpse in the vicinity. This is why stale bread, gym socks, and other items that have gone bad are so creepy.
Body odour and Hallucinations
Now, it's important to note that while your body odour may be a common cause of hallucinations, this is likely to be the result of other factors, like stress or feeling overwhelmed. In other words, your body odour may not be the cause of your hallucinations, but it may be a contributing factor. So, why is this important? Well, if your body odour is causing your hallucinations, that means you could probably control the experience by controlling your body odour — which, let's be honest, is always a plus.
Sweating and Hallucinations
Studies have found that some people are more likely to experience hallucinations than others, and scientists think it might have something to do with how sensitive your nose is. If you have a heightened sense of smell, you're more likely to experience the side effects of mouldy food. While some people are more sensitive than others, studies suggest that about 6% of people are super-smelly and are more likely to experience hallucinations from smelling things like rotting food.
There are a couple of ways we can reduce our body odour, though. Obviously, we should try to keep our hands out of our armpits as much as possible, but scrubbing your armpits with a loofah or using deodourant is always a good way to reduce body odour.
Could mould Be to Blame?
Now that we've covered why you might be having hallucinations while smelling or coming into contact with mouldy food, let's take a look at the next possible explanation for these strange occurrences: Did you know that mould is actually a pretty important part of your diet? Yep, researchers have found that certain types of bacteria and fungi can actually help your body break down carbs and proteins and make essential vitamins. So if you've been experiencing a little bit of mouldy-breath, it could be because you've been accidentally eating a bunch of healthy bacteria and fungi.
Not all rotting food is caused by bacteria, but it's definitely one of the most common causes of food-related hallucinations. The reason we hallucinate from rotten food is likely the same reason we hallucinate from mouldy food – it can cause body odour. How exactly is this food-mould connection related? Well, body odour is caused by bacteria that live on our skin, and these same bacteria can create a fungus called manganese mould. When food starts to rot, it creates the perfect environment for these bacteria and mould to thrive. So basically, the food is creating the bacteria that create the stinky smell, which is then causing your brain to hallucinate. mould can be found in a number of places in your home, but the worst place to find it is in your fridge. mould loves the food that's been growing in your fridge, so it's likely that mouldy food in your fridge is to blame for the stinky food you're eating. If you find yourself hallucinating from the smell of rotten food, it might be a good idea to throw away all the mouldy food in your fridge so you can start fresh.
As you can see, there are a number of factors that could be causing your hallucinations. Unfortunately, it's not always possible to know what the cause of your hallucinations is until you figure it out. But if you've experienced any of the above, you may want to try the following:
- Make sure you're getting enough sleep
- Make sure you're not experiencing excessive stress or trauma
- Make sure your diet is balanced and healthy
- Make sure you're drinking enough water
- Make sure you're not smelling excessive amounts of bleach or chemicals
- Make sure you're not coming into contact with excessive amounts of mould.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


mne.minimum_norm.prepare_inverse_operator#
mne.minimum_norm.prepare_inverse_operator(orig, nave, lambda2, method='dSPM', method_params=None, copy=True, verbose=None)[source]#
Prepare an inverse operator for actually computing the inverse.
Parameters
origdict
The inverse operator structure read from a file.
naveint
Number of averages (scales the noise covariance).
lambda2float
The regularization factor. Recommended to be 1 / SNR**2.
method"MNE" | "dSPM" | "sLORETA" | "eLORETA"
Use minimum norm, dSPM (default), sLORETA, or eLORETA.
method_paramsdict | None
Additional options for eLORETA. See Notes of apply_inverse().
New in version 0.16.
copybool | str
If True (default), copy the inverse. False will not copy. Can be "non-src" to avoid copying the source space, which typically is not modified and can be large in memory.
New in version 0.21.
verbosebool | str | int | None
Control verbosity of the logging output. If None, use the default verbosity level. See the logging documentation and mne.verbose() for details. Should only be passed as a keyword argument.
Returns
invinstance of InverseOperator
Prepared inverse operator.


text:
Summary and Info
The serotonin transporter is a key brain protein that modulates the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin from synaptic spaces back into the presynaptic neuron. This control over neuronal signalling makes it a prime area of neuroscientific study. In this book an international team of top experts introduce and explicate the role of serotonin and the serotonin transporter in both human and animal brains. They demonstrate the relevance of the transporter and indeed the serotonergic system to substrates of neuropsychiatric disorders, and explain how this knowledge is translated into valid animal models that will help foster new discoveries in human neurobiology. Writing for graduate students and academic researchers, they provide a comprehensive coverage of a wide spectrum of data from animal experimentation to clinical psychiatry, creating the only book exclusively dedicated to this exciting new avenue of brain research.
Review and Comments
Rate the Book
Experimental Models in Serotonin Transporter Research 0 out of 5 stars based on 0 ratings.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Will and Guy are convinced that humour, laughter and jokes have been
with us since the beginning of human life on earth, and we would like to
share some jokes with you that have an historical background.
Funny Ancient History Jokes
- Roman Jokes from The Laughter Lover
- 6 Examples from The Laughter-lover - [Philgelos]
- Funny History Jokes
- Funny Achaeology Jokes
- Funny Historical Truths
Humour in Antiquity
It's easy to imagine that joke books are a modern phenomenon. Not so!
Philogelos, or 'The Laughter Lover', a book of wisecracks, was probably
compiled in the fourth or fifth century AD. Written in Greek, it contains
around 260 short jokes. Nobody knows who originally put it together or
why. A Roman stand-up's aide memoire? Or maybe a Roman Will and Guy?
A wealthy man buys a slave, who dies
shortly afterwards, so he complains to the slave's former owner, "Hey!
That slave you sold me. He died."
"Goodness me," he replies. "He never
did that when I owned him."
A man meets an acquaintance and says,
"It's funny. I was told you were dead." The acquaintance replies, "Well,
you can see I'm still alive." But the first man argues, "You must be dead
because the chap who told me you were dead is much more reliable than
Tell Your Fortune?
A man who had just returned from
travelling abroad consulted an incompetent astrologer about his family.
"How are they?" he asked.
"They're all fine," the astrologer replied,
"especially your father.
"But he's been dead for 10 years!" exclaimed
"You obviously don't know who your father is then," retorted
The Perfect Guest
A boffin was invited to a dinner
party but wouldn't eat anything.
"Why aren't you eating?" asked a
"I didn't want anyone thinking I'd only come for the
- An intellectual, falling sick, had promised to pay the doctor if he
recovered. When his wife nagged at him for drinking wine while he had a
fever, he said, 'Do you want me to get healthy and be forced to pay the
- An intellectual caught sight of a deep well on his country-estate, and
asked if the water was any good. The farmhands assured him that it was
good, and that his own parents used to drink from that well. The
intellectual expressed his amazement: 'How long were their necks, if they
could drink from something so deep!'
- An intellectual came to check in on a friend who was seriously ill.
When the man's wife said that he had "departed", the intellectual replied:
'When he arrives back, will you tell him that I stopped by?'
- A glutton betrothed his daughter to another glutton. Asked what he was
giving her as a dowry, he replied: 'A house whose windows face the
- While a misogynist was paying his last respects to his wife, someone
asked him: 'Who has gone to rest? He replied: 'Me, now that I'm alone.'
- A barber, an absent minded professor and a bald man go on a long
journey together and have to camp out overnight so they decide to take it
in turns to watch the luggage. The barber volunteers for the first watch
while the other two sleep but soon gets bored so he decides to pass the
time by shaving the professor's head. When his shift is up he wakes the
professor who pats his head and exclaims, 'God, that barber is a real
idiot, he's woken up baldy instead of me.'
See more barber
Ancient Humour Durability
Not all the Laughter-lover jokes stand the test of time, some involve
a scholastikos (absent-minded professor or boffin) who uses his great
intellect to reach the wrong conclusion, eg a boffin went for a dip and
almost drowned. He swore he'd never go near water again until he'd
learned to swim.
Others mock different nationalities, rather like 'Irish'gags, eg, A
farmer from Kyme was in the market, selling honey. The customer, after
tasting it, complimented him on how good it was. "Damn right it's good,'
replied the farmer. 'I wouldn't be selling it if that mouse hadn't gone
and died in it!"
The Philgelos or "Laughter-lover" is probably the oldest
compilation of jokes in existence; it contains some 265 jokes. It is
said that the famous Monty Python Parrot sketch has its origins in a
joke told in the Philogelos.
- Why were the early days of
history called the dark ages? Because there were so many knights.
- It appears that shortest war on record was between Zanzibar and Britain
in 1896. Zanzibar [now part of Tanzania] surrendered after 38 minutes.
- What kind of lighting did Noah use for the ark? Floodlights and Ark
- Which English King invented the fireplace? Alfred the Grate.
- How was the Roman Empire cut in half? With a pair of Caesars.
- I'm desperately trying to establish why kamikaze pilots wore helmets.
- Last words from a general in the American Civil War, 'Nonsense.They
couldn't hit an elephant at this dist...............'
- Asked by the court barber how he wanted his hair cut, the king replied,
'In silence.' [From the Philogelos]
- What's the difference between Joan of Arc and a canoe? One is Maid of
Orleans and the other is made of wood. [The Victorians enjoyed jokes like
- Wishing to teach his donkey not to eat, a pedant did not offer him any
food. When the donkey died of hunger, he said, 'I've had a great loss.
Just when he had learned not to eat, he died.' - Dated to the *Philogelos
4th Century CE]
One that almost got away:
Why did Henry VIII have so many
wives? He liked to chop and change.
See more history jokes.
Please send us your funny ancient history jokes.


text:
Help us save New Mexico's endangered native plants.
$2.50 for nonmembers | $2.00 for members
Contact Barbara Fix at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_
More information on each of these rare plants can be found on the NM Rare Plant website:
Mogollon Death Camas
The Mogollon death cama is a perennial herb in the lily family. It is a narrow endemic of the Gila National Forest, where it is limited to growing in the understory of montane and subalpine conifer forests above 8,700 feet. This rare plant faces an uncertain future in the Gila Wilderness of the southwestern New Mexico. The vast majority of its habitat and all the known populations of this lovely plant were destroyed in the Whitewater-Baldy fire, which burned nearly 300,000 acres in 2012.
Sacramento Prickly Poppy
The Sacramento prickly poppy is a perennial herb in the poppy family. It only occurs in a few canyons along the western slopes of the Sacramento Mountains in New Mexico, at elevations between 4,200 and 7,100 feet. Although tolerant of some disturbance, it is threatened with extinction from road maintenance, water development projects, grazing, and climate change. It is protected by state and federal endangered species laws.
Calochortus gunnisonii var. perpulcher
Pecos Mariposa Lily
The Pecos mariposa lily is a perennial herb in the lily family. It is only known from a few sites in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in New Mexico, where it grows in aspen glades and meadows above 9,500 feet. It is distinguished from other mariposa lilies by its pale yellow petals.
Holy Ghost Ipomopsis
The Holy Ghost ipomopsis is the rarest and most endangered native plant in New Mexico. This extremely rare plant is only known from one site in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of the Santa Fe National Forest – nowhere else in the world! It generally grows on relatively dry, steep, disturbed, west to southwest-facing slopes in open ponderosa pine or mixed conifer forest between 7,730 and 8,220 feet. It is federally and state-listed as endangered due to its small population size and threats to its environment, including road maintenance, recreational activities, and the potential impacts of wildfires.


text:
Ber Fruit In English Names And Meaning
What is known today as ber fruit is a plant that is said to have originated from Indo-Malaysian region of South-Eat Asia. The important thing to note about this fruit is that it is being by some who knows about it. Like the people of South Africa from the Middle East. You can as well find it in India, China, Indomalaya, Australasia and Pacific island
One other thing you need to know about ber fruit is that it is small tree which bears fruits of variable sizes. Sizes such as oval, obovate, oblong or round which can also be round. It has many variety with the flesh being white in colour with a thin , smooth, glossy yet tight skin. The fruit is very nice. It is juicy with a great welcoming scent.
Moreover, the first time I got to know about this ber fruit, I mistaken it to be bael fruit as their names are related for me to later discover that ber fruit is different from bael fruit even know bael fruit English is not the same.
Ber Fruit In English
Many have been asking about what ber fruit is called in English language. Others have asked what is ber fruit in English and others also asked about the contents of ber fruits in English. Not just English, but English countries as well.
Well, the name of ber fruit are: Those are the various names you can call ber fruit. Which ever one you called it, you are still directing to the same fruit.
- Chinese Date
- Chinee Apple
- Indian Plum
- Regi Pangu
- Indian Jujube
Ber Fruit Binomial Name
This is the Binomial name you can call ber fruit. It is Ziziphus Mauritiana.
Ber Fruit Scientific Classification
Below are the scientific classification of ber fruit. This include the family, order, genus and species of ber.
- Order: Rosales
- Family: Rhamnaceae
- Genus: Ziziphus
- Species: Ziziphus Mauritiana
- Kingdom: Plantae
It is important to note that ber fruit can be used in many ways. It can be eaten raw, it can be pickled and as well be used in beverages. Because its rich in vitamin C, it was tagged being nutritious to the body.


Research Press Release
Artificial intelligence: Supporting the motion that computers can debate
March 18, 2021
An autonomous agent that can engage in competitive debate with humans is reported in this week's Nature. Although the human debaters were judged to have won the competition, the demonstration suggests that artificial intelligence may have the ability to participate in complex human activities.
Artificial intelligence (AI) makes it possible to produce machines that can perform human tasks. Mimicking language-related tasks using AI has had mixed results; predicting the sentiment of a sentence has been successfully demonstrated, whereas complex tasks, such as summarizing and engaging in dialogue, have proved more challenging.
An autonomous system named Project Debater that can debate with humans in a meaningful way is presented by Noam Slonim and colleagues. The system can scan through an archive of 400 million newspaper articles and Wikipedia pages to form opening statements and counter-arguments. Its performance against humans (including expert debaters) and existing AI technology is evaluated over a range of topics, such as subsidizing preschool, judged blind by a virtual audience of people who were given transcripts of the debates and asked to score the statements. Project Debater scored highly in producing opening statements, only being beaten by the expert debaters, but is yet to win a debate. The authors conclude that debating humans resides outside the AI comfort zone, for now.
After the embargo ends, the full paper will be available at:
Return to research highlights
PrivacyMark System


.... FROM.... WHERE ID IN( value1, value2,....valueN)
Where valueX comes from a list of Strings.
First, if you are comparing Strings they must be quoted, an this it isn't trivial if the Strings could have a quote inside.
Second, if the values comes from the user,or other system, then a SQL injection atack is posible.
It's a lot more verbose but what you should do is create a String like this:
SELECT.... FROM.... WHERE ID IN( ?, ?,....?)
and then bind the variables with Statement.setString (nParameter,parameterValue)
share|improve this answer

Yeah, of course you are right. This was just an example to illustrate the issue. In my project i use HQL from Hibernate for querying the database, which looks quite similar, but care about these security issues. But of course it is right to point this out. – maerch Oct 18 '08 at 10:44
You could try
List collections = Arrays.asList(34, 26, "...", 2);
String asString = collection.toString();
// justValues = "34, 26, ..., 2"
String justValues = asString.substring(1, asString.length()-1);
share|improve this answer
Just another method to deal with this problem. Not the most short, but it is efficient and gets the job done.
/**
 * Creates a comma-separated list of values from given collection.
 *
 * @param <T> Value type.
 * @param values Value collection.
 * @return Comma-separated String of values.
 */
public <T> String toParameterList(Collection<T> values) {
 if (values == null || values.isEmpty()) {
 return ""; // Depending on how you want to deal with this case...
 }
 StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
 Iterator<T> i = values.iterator();
 result.append(i.next().toString());
 while (i.hasNext()) {
 result.append(",").append(i.next().toString());
 }
 return result.toString();
}
share|improve this answer
There are some third-party Java libraries that provide string join method, but you probably don't want to start using a library just for something simple like that. I would just create a helper method like this, which I think is a bit better than your version, It uses StringBuffer, which will be more efficient if you need to join many strings, and it works on a collection of any type.
public static <T> String join(Collection<T> values)
{
 StringBuffer ret = new StringBuffer();
 for (T value : values)
 {
 if (ret.length() > 0) ret.append(",");
 ret.append(value);
 }
 return ret.toString();
}
Another suggestion with using Collection.toString() is shorter, but that relies on Collection.toString() returning a string in a very specific format, which I would personally not want to rely on.
share|improve this answer

Yeah, third-libraries are inappropriate . And one problem is that it seems not flexible enough for for creating query strings. – maerch Oct 18 '08 at 10:33
This will be the shortest solution so far, except of using Guava or Apache Commons
String res = "";
for (String i : values) {
 res += res.isEmpty() ? i : ","+i;
}
Good with 0,1 and n element list. But you'll need to check for null list. I use this in GWT, so I'm good without StringBuilder there. And for short lists with just couple of elements its ok too elsewhere ;)
share|improve this answer
if you have an array you can do:
Arrays.asList(parameters).toString()
share|improve this answer
I'm not sure how "sophisticated" this is, but it's certainly a bit shorter. It will work with various different types of collection e.g. Set<Integer>, List<String>, etc.
public static final String toSqlList(Collection<?> values) {
 String collectionString = values.toString();
 // Convert the square brackets produced by Collection.toString() to round brackets used by SQL
 return "(" + collectionString.substring(1, collectionString.length() - 1) + ")";
}
Exercise for reader: modify this method so that it correctly handles a null/empty collection :)
share|improve this answer

But that's relying on the toString() output format, which I don't think is officially specified. Is it? – Michael Myers Oct 15 '08 at 17:23

You're right, toString() is not really part of a class' public API. But because people do rely on it (even though they shouldn't) the format is generally fixed. – Dónal Oct 15 '08 at 17:29
What makes the code ugly is the special-handling for the first case. Most of the lines in this small snippet are devoted, not to doing the code's routine job, but to handling that special case. And that's what alternatives like gimel's solve, by moving the special handling outside the loop. There is one special case (well, you could see both start and end as special cases - but only one of them needs to be treated specially), so handling it inside the loop is unnecessarily complicated.
share|improve this answer
Join 'methods' are available in Arrays and the classes that extend AbstractCollections but doesn't override toString() method (like virtually all collections in java.util)
for instance: String s= java.util.Arrays.toString(collectionOfStrings.toArray());
s = s.substing(1, s.length()-1);// [] are guaranteed to be there
that's quite weird way since it works only for numbers alike data sql wise.
share|improve this answer
I've just checked-in a test for my library dollar:
@Test
public void join() {
 List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
 String string = $(list).join(",");
}
it create a fluent wrapper around lists/arrays/strings/etc using only one static import: $.
NB:
using ranges the previous list can be re-writed as $(1, 5).join(",")
share|improve this answer
The nice thing about the IN expression is that if you have repeated values, it does not change the result. So, just duplicate the first item and process the entire list. This assumes that there is at least one item in the list. If there are no items, I'd suggest checking for that first and then not executing the SQL at all.
This will do the trick, is obvious in what it is doing and does not rely on any external libraries:
StringBuffer inString = new StringBuffer(listOfIDs.get(0).toString());
for (Long currentID : listOfIDs) {
 inString.append(",").append(currentID);
}
share|improve this answer
1
Wouldn't this code add the first element twice? – Andrew Thompson Aug 10 '11 at 4:50

Yes, but that would not affect the functionality. For example, "select status from tstatus where ID in (1,1,1,1,1)" is the same as only specifying the ID 1 a single time. With the code presented, it's pretty straight forward. Easy to understand. – VIM Aug 10 '11 at 17:19
java.util.List<String> lista = new java.util.ArrayList<String>();
lista.add("Hola");
lista.add("Julio");
System.out.println(lista.toString().replace('[','(').replace(']',')'));
$~(Hola, Julio)
share|improve this answer
If you use Spring, you can do:
StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(
 collectionOfStrings.toArray()
)
(package org.springframework.util)
share|improve this answer
While I think your best bet is to use Joiner from Guava, if I were to code it by hand I find this approach more elegant that the 'first' flag or chopping the last comma off.
private String commas(Iterable<String> strings) {
 StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
 It


A duvet is a type of bedding consisting of a soft flat bag filled with down,feathers, wool, silk or synthetic alternative and typically protected with a removable cover analogous to a pillow and pillow case.
In Australian English, a duvet is also called a doona while in American English it is being reffered as a comforter.
It was coined from the french duvet meaning down; the first feathering of young birds.
The duvet set originated in Europe and was made from down feathers because of its usefullness as a thermal insulator. It is a single covering instead of a combination of sheets, blankets, quilts and other bed covering.
Duvet cover is a protective layer that slips over the duvet and has a closure.
It can also be refer as a more wooven covering that is sandwiched between a flat sheet and another layer primarily for warmth.
Luxury hotels use duvet with a little weight which makes them perfect for snuggling under.
Steps in washing a duvet
1.They can be washed by hand or machine.
2.Small amount of mild liquid washing detergent is added and wash on a gentle cycle so as not to stress the seams.
3.Ensure it is completely dry before being put back on the bed.
4.The duvet should be hanged in the shade to air.
Types of duvets to buy
1.Luxury hungarian Goose down and feather duvet(Best duvet overall)
2.Brook + wilde marlow Goose down duvet(Ultra-light weight luxury)
3.Slumberdown Allergy protection duvet(For Allergy sufferers)
4.Panda Cloud duvet(For eco softness)
How to spread a duvet
1.Turn your duvet cover inside out.
2.Spread it across your mattress with its opening at the foot of the bed.
3.Lay your duvet on top of the cover.
4.If the duvet and duvet cover have inner ties, fasten them.
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5.Starting from the head of your bed, roll the duvet and cover.
Place your duvet on top, turned halfway down, with your quilt either flat or turned down over it or it is being fold in thirds at the foot of the bed.
Introduce a new texture, pattern or color on the duvet such as cut jacquard cotton or velvet.
Have you make use of duvet on your bed before?
Share your experiences in the comment box.
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Wheat Flour L to gr converter for culinary teaching and diet.
wheat flour conversion
Breadcrumbs: main Flours menuwheat flour menuLiters
Amount: 1 liter (L) of wheat flour volume
Equals: 8,153.60 grains (gr) in wheat flour mass
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One liter of wheat flour converted to grain equals to 8,153.60 gr
How many grains of wheat flour are in 1 liter? The answer is: The change of 1 L ( liter ) unit in a wheat flour measure equals = into 8,153.60 gr ( grain ) as per the equivalent measure and for the same wheat flour type.
Professional people always ensure, and their success in fine cooking depends on, they get the most precise units conversion results in measuring their ingredients. In speciality cooking a measure of wheat flour can be crucial. If there is an exact measure in L - liters for wheat flour, it's the rule in culinary career, that the liter portion number gets converted into gr - grains of wheat flour absolutely exactly. It's like an insurance for the master chef for having always all the meals created perfectly.
Conversion for how many grains, gr, of wheat flour are contained in a liter, L? Or, how much in grains wheat flour in 1 liter? To link to this wheat flour - liter to grains on line culinary converter for the answer, simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: Culinary wheat flour from liter (L) into grains (gr) conversion.


Synonyms for gentryi or Related words with gentryi
cuatrec macbr peninsularis guatemalensis chiapensis wurdack hintonii calcicola johnst moldenke domingensis jaliscana swallen brandegeei andicola anomalum standl kraenzl hirtella matelea lepidota sprucei zamia mucronata appendiculatum jacquinia steetz bahiensis colorata amphitecna congesta steyerm bomarea steyermarkii hondurensis harrisia purpusii greenm brownei buxifolia ehrenbergii habranthus bahamensis vatke mansf laxiflora macrochlamys ekmanii brachyphylla mooreana
Examples of "gentryi"
Several plant species have been named after Gentry, including: "Acidocroton gentryi, Citharexylum gentryi, Crossothamnus gentryi, Eleutherodactylus gentryi, Hedyosmum gentryi, Metalepis gentryi, Palicourea gentryi, Phyllanthus gentryi, Sobralia gentryi" and "Zamia gentryi", as well as a bird, "Herpsilochmus gentryi". In several instances, Gentry had been involved in the collection of the type specimens of these plants.
Crossothamnus gentryi is a flowering tree in the Asteraceae family.
Acidocroton gentryi is a species of plant in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is endemic to Colombia.
The ancient antwren ("Herpsilochmus gentryi") is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae.
Palicourea gentryi is a species of plant in the Rubiaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.
Tacarcuna gentryi is a species of plants in the Phyllanthaceae first described as a species in 1989.
"Prunus gentryi" is a tree up to 12 m tall. Leaves are thick and leathery, dark green above and lighter below. Fruits are juicy and edible, generally purple although a yellow-fruited form, "Prunus gentryi" forma "flavipulpa", is known from the State of Chihuahua.
"Brickellia gentryi" is superficially similar to "B. lanata" but has thinner leaves and white, nodding (hanging) flower heads in groups of 2-3.
Zamia gentryi is a species of plant in the Zamiaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Brickellia gentryi is a Mexican species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is found only in the state of Durango in northwestern Mexico.
Phyllanthus gentryi is a species of plant in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is endemic to Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Metalepis gentryi is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is equatorial moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Quercus gentryi is a Mexican species of oak in the beech family. It is native to western and northwestern Mexico, from Sonora south to Michoacán and east as far as Guanajuato.
"Quercus gentryi" is a short evergreen tree up to 15 meters tall with a trunk as much as 50 cm in diameter. Leaves are thick and rigid, up to 18 cm long, with wavy edges but no teeth or lobes.
Pristimantis gentryi is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to central Ecuador where it is found in a small area west of the Páramo de Apagua, Cotopaxi Province.
Climacoceras (from Greek, "Ladder Horns") was a genus of early Miocene artiodactyl ungulates of Africa and Europe. The members of "Climacoceras" were related to giraffes, as the genus was once placed within Giraffidae. Fossils of the two best known species of "Climacoceras", "C. africanus" and "C. gentryi" have been both found in Kenya. The animals measured about 1.5 m in height and had large ossicones resembling antlers. "C. africanus" had ossicones resembling tall thorn-covered plant stems, while the ossicones of "C. gentryi" resembled thorny crescents.
Prunus gentryi is a species of wild cherry in the genus "Prunus", family Rosaceae, native to the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora. It grows along streambanks in mountainous regions of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The scientific description was published in 1937.
The Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve is a protected area with soaring rates of biodiversity. The reserve is located from Iquitos, being reached by Route LO-103. The ecosystem is part of the Nanay River basin, specifically in an area called "Ecoregion Napo", which contains a unique Amazonian biodiversity, including its distinctive white sand forests. The Napo Ecoregion contains 112 species of amphibians, 17 species of primates, 1900 plant species and over 600 birds species. Some ecologically important animals care for their rarity in the reserve are the supay pichico ("Callimico goeldii") black stump ("Callicebus torquatus"), equatorial saki ("Pithecia aequatorialis") ancient antwren ("Herpsilochmus gentryi"), Mishana tyrannulet ("Zimmerius villarejoi"), Allpahuayo antbird ("Percnostola arenarum"), chestnut-tailed ant ("Myrmeciza centuculorum castanea"), the pompadour cotinga ("Xipholena punicea"), saffron-crested tyrant-manakin ("Neopelma chrysocephalum"), among others. The Iquitos gnatcatcher (Polioptila clementsi) is an endemic species of the reserve and is considered a symbol of Iquitos.


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Survey-Based Assessment of Household Borrowers' Financial Vulnerability
Discussion papers 1/2014
Summary: This Discussion Paper is an attempt to provide insight into the debt servicing capacity of Latvian households and its sustainability under the impact of different macroeconomic shocks based on individual household data obtained by surveying households with at least one loan for house purchase. To assess the financial situation of these households, changes in the household solvency are modelled under the impact of different economic shocks (shrinking employment income, rising interest rates, loss of jobs) and the obtained results are generalised to the aggregate portfolio of loans granted by Latvian credit institutions to households for house purchase. The results obtained lead to a conclusion that following the financial crisis household solvency is still fragile and possible negative shocks might contribute to higher potential losses of credit institutions. At the same time possible losses to lenders arising from such adverse shocks might be lower than two years ago since the value of collateral has increased with real estate prices moving up, while outstanding loans granted for house purchase have declined.
Key words: analysis of household solvency, stress tests, sensitivity analysis, financial margin, macroeconomic shock scenario, microdata
JEL codes: C15, C35, D14, E21, G21


Sunday, January 20, 2013
Parallels Between SciFi and Fantasy
In more recent times, the boundary between science fiction and fantasy has been almost completely erased from little to no trace of distinction left between the two genres. The shift in taste of modern day readers has contributed immensely and has helped widen the scope of the genres.
Despite the dramatic changes in approach, both genres maintain a level of credibility in setting and plot and of course, there are obvious (and sometimes, conflicting) parallels between the two forms of storytelling. Below, I have outlined these parallels and conflicts but you may have a different opinion or take issues with my ideas. It's a free world.
1. Magic
With all due respect, magic is exclusively an element of fantasy. Of course, there is a fantasy sub genre called science fantasy that burrows deep into the realm of science fiction. That said magic as an element of storytelling is strictly fantasy.
2. Parallel Universes
The concept of a parallel universe existing side by side with the present is a constant feature of both fantasy and science fiction. While SciFi may attempt to access this world through a Time Machine, fantasy's vehicle is usually a magic portal that opens up on another planet, world or realm.
3. Explorations in Science
Science fiction has got to indulge the basics of science or it cannot be science fiction. The plot of a science fiction story must be scientifically grounded and oriented and this is one of the strongest distinctions between the two genres. Fantasy depends on magic for its relevance; science fiction depends on science, naturally.
4. World Creation/Building
Both genres have laws that may survive solely in fictional worlds created especially for the story. This usually works well with fantasy but sometimes, the ideas in a science fiction story may not seem plausible at least, for the next gazillion years. World creation might be the author's only alternative to make his story plausible and relevant to his audience.
5. Space Odyssey
Space travel is an ingredient of science fiction and probably, has no ties with fantasy.
6. Strange Language
The idea of creating a special language/dialect for fiction is most common with fantasy. Because of the idea of other-worlds that exhibit cultures quite different from ours. Science fiction tales sometimes, require a new tongue especially, where aliens are involved or people from the ancient past (in stories dealing with time travel).
7. Machines (Technology)
I almost left this to speculation, you know it's almost interchangeable with 3. Explorations in Science. But then. I fought against it. Thing is, you can't write a fantasy story where the knight uses a ray gun to pulverize the dragon. Or where the bride arrives just in time for the wedding via FTL. There ought to be an orderly, and consistent relation of parts.
8. Fictional/Weird Creatures
The idea of a world executing its own laws and culture and populated by a different specie of people demands the existence of strange creatures, as well. Both genres are prone to feature weird creatures as part of their plots.
9. Supernatural Beings
Fantasy reeks of elves, dragons, unicorns, werewolves and the likes. These beasts and supernatural beings are void in SciFi. Rather, there is Frankenstein's monster. dinosaurs and every sort of genetically modified creatures. The supernatural is the dividing line between genres. Like someone said, if the process can be explained by scientific formula, it's science fiction.
10. The Laws
All that explaining makes discussing this point at length almost unnecessary. But since there's a method to this madness, there are laws guiding the limits of both genres. Fantasy laws are more or less magical laws while science fiction ones are scientific formulas and laws.
But I suppose, I won't be excessively forward if I said the distinguishing line between fantasy and science fiction is fast diminishing and might be rendered obsolete and put out of use effectively, a few years from now. After all, science is the new magic.
Keep your pen bleeding!
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 1. The line between scifi and fantasy depends almost entirely upon "the laws." More specifically, how well "the laws" align with our current knowledge of science. After all, "sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." Star Wars is more fantasy than scifi because it only cares enough about the technology as far as it puts people in space where they can duel with lightsabers and use what would arguably be called actual magic to throw things and expel lightning at each other.
 But nobody can suspend disbelief into a universe where reasonably consistent laws do not apply. The distinction between fantasy/scifi and other genres of fiction is that The Laws in F/SF differ from those of the reality that we inhabit. At least, the physical laws. I still refuse to accept that the laws the govern interpersonal relationships in practically all works of literature are anything but pure fantasy. Especially love stories and romance novels.
 1. Somebody once noted that Star Wars is adventure with a science theme and should not be considered science fiction. And I agree that the (magical) laws of fantasy and (scientific) laws of science fiction separates one form from the other. But even then, the laws themselves are usually broken and the fabric between the two realms is overstretched and thin. It's only a matter of time before it gets ripped off and both genres meld.
 Thanks for visiting, Stephan!
 2. No.
 Hollywood execs, writers producers etcetera just generally don't understand what science fiction is and couldn't really give a crap because they just want $$$$.
 Star Wars is technomythology or Speculative fiction(aka Fiction) not SCIENCE fiction.
 1. Speculative Fiction is a broader genre of fiction which includes Fantasy, Horror and Science fiction. Somebody has suggested 'Star Wars' is an adventure in space which borrows science themes. But there are many sub genres of the form today and one needs to be prudent when classifying literature or film as science fiction.
 Thanks for visiting!
 3. Is the problem that science fiction has gotten dumb? Three weeks ago I began writing a program that counts the use "scientific words" in a body of text. Words like 'gravity' and'molecule' and 'orbit' increase the science word count. I then modified it for a second count of fantasy words like'magic' and 'wand' and 'castle'. So depending on the length of the document this results in a DENSITY of science and fantasy word usage.
 So far I have tested hundreds of sci-fi works and not nearly so many fantasies. But what milestones should be used as references to judge the results? Mary Shelley's Frankenstein of 1818 is widely acknowledged as the first science fiction story with a scientist in a laboratory. But in 1818 the word'scientist' did not exist, it was not coined until 1834.
 How many more "science words" have been invented since then? What about LASER, electron, proton, neutron? So if a work claiming to be science fiction gets a lower SF density score than Frankenstein then is that sufficient reason to raise eyebrows?
 Here are the results for Frankenstein:
 brain 1
 experiment 1
 microscope 1
 physiology 1
 research 2
 thrust 2
 atmosphere 3
 chemistry 3
 scientific 3
 symptoms 3
 theory 4
 chemical 5
 laboratory 6
 language 17
 science 19 == 71
 sword 1
 vampire 1
 wand 1
 magic 2
 castle 2 == 7
 Totalled file: MS_Franky.txt for SF word test.
 total number of words was: 20 used 78 times
 total document length: 420K SF word density 0.169 Fant word density 0.017
 So where is Suzanne Collins' Hunger Games?
 alien 1
 astronomical 1
 experiment 1
 hypodermic 1
 momentum 1
 nerve 1
 planet 1
 symptoms 1
 theory 1
 program 2
 thrust 3
 electric 4
 pressure 7
 brain 9 == 34
 magic 1
 magical 2
 sword 7 == 10
 Scanned file: SC.ThHungerGams.txt for SF word test.
 total number of words was: 17 used 44 times
 total document length: 552K SF word density 0.062 Fant word density 0.018
 So a 200 year old SF book gets more than double the score of a new one. Is the real problem that SF readers do not care about science any more with computers everywhere? Computers produce great graphics for movies but can't tell the differences between Avatar, The Matrix and Lord of the Rings.
 4. I enjoyed this post and would like to see you continue with a post that explores and perhaps clarifies notions around "speculative fiction." What is it, what are the trends (where has it been; where is it now; where might it be going), how do agents and traditional publishers tend to look at "speculative fiction," etc. Are "bizarro" and "new weird" just subtypes within the larger domain of "speculative fiction"? Is "speculative fiction" (as a term) gaining in currency, or waning?
 In the meantime, thank you for this excellent post.


Concord for "an infinite number of"
In the following sentence, should "be" be singular or plural?
There (be) an infinite number of universes.
Also, would it make a difference if "amount" is used instead of "number"? And can one also say
There (be) infinity universes.
and if yes, what concord would "be" have then?
concord asked Mar 28 '12 at 10:01 Alex Madjarov New member
Also, am I correctly using the term "concord"?
Alex MadjarovMar 28 '12 at 10:01
add comment
1 answer
I don't know how you mean "concord." That is not how a US speaker would use it. I think you mean "form."
Number is plural. So:
"There are an infinite number of universes."
Amount sounds more awkward here. The form of be you would use is "are."
I am not sure "infinity" would fit there, though the checker accepts it. "Countless" might be a better choice.
"There are countless universes."
link comment edited Mar 28 '12 at 10:24 Courtney Contributor
Your answer
Write at least 20 characters


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Scientific Name: Batrachomoeus trispinosus
Ease of Care: Moderate
Approximate Arrival Size: Small: 2 to 4 inches; Large: 4 to 7 inches
Approximate Full Size: 7 to 10 inches
Native Region: Indo-West Pacific
This fish is actually a Toadfish whose character and, in its own way, whose natural beauty helps make it popular with freshwater and brackish water aquarists. Having many of the same habits as a saltwater lionfish this Lionfish is completely harmless (not venomous.) Its spines can cause pain if brushed against while cleaning the aquarium or netting the fish, but they pose no other threat.
Growing to nearly a foot in length in the wild, it is best housed with larger fish from its initial introduction. Numerous places to hide and to perch will help the Freshwater Lionfish feel at home. Please note, this fish does better long term in a brackish water environment. They are shipped in fresh water, but over time a gradual conversion to brackish is recommended for optimal health. Please consider this prior to placing an order for the fish.


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TAIPEI, TAIWAN -Taiwanese researchers Hui-Mei Chen, Hung-Ming Tu, and Chaang-Iuan Ho published a study in HortScience that explored an array of attitudes toward horticultural activities. The results showed that people engage in gardening and related activities for both psychological and environmental reasons.
The researchers used qualitative and quantitative methods to explore participants' attitudes toward horticultural activities. In the first study, seven themes and several subthemes of attitudes were induced from open-ended interviews with participants. Based on interview results, a questionnaire was designed and a quantitative survey was conducted to identify the dimensions of attitudes toward horticultural activities. The researchers extracted five critical "dimensions of attitudes" toward horticultural activities: increasing positive mood, improving the environment, leisure belief, improving social relationships, and an attitude the researchers label 'escaping'.Respondents rated the dimension of 'increasing positive mood' highest, indicating an emphasis on psychological benefits such as feeling glad, pleased, optimistic, relaxed, tranquil, and comfortable as the essence of their attitudes toward horticultural activities. The researchers also found that that engaging in horticultural activities can provide people opportunities to forget worries, transfer attention, or experience another way of life, or 'escape'. That the respondents rated the dimension of 'escaping' so high emphasizes the importance of the restorative benefits of contact with nature, observed the scientists.
Participants also rated 'improving the environment' as a critical dimension of their attitudes toward horticultural activities. This is a notable change from the well-known Leisure Attitude Scale (LAS), a 1982 model widely used by researchers in the leisure field; the LAS does not include 'improving the environment'.
"To further promote horticultural activity as a form of leisure, it is crucial to first ascertain participants' attitudes about it. Our research shows that horticultural activities are beneficial not only for individuals, but also for the environment", the researchers wrote.
The complete study and abstract are available on the ASHS HortScience electronic journal web site: http://hortsci.
Founded in 1903, the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) is the largest organization dedicated to advancing all facets of horticultural research, education, and application. More information at ashs.org


Tangier History Museum
The Tangier History Museum and Interpretive Cultural Center welcomes all to come and learn about the history of Tangier and its people and to aid in their interpretation. THMICC has a museum/visitors center, a walking history trail, a nature trail and water trails, with free use of kayaks and canoes. Come and learn about Tangier's special role in the history of aviation, our unique language and how we face the challenges of a rising Bay, a shrinking island and a dwindling population. Learn about how the British forces used Tangier as a base during the War of 1812, how Billy Mitchell proved airplanes could sink ships, and how a small island creates its own recreation and amusement. Get the mud of Tangier's pristine sandy beach between your toes and you'll always come back!


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Advantages and Disadvantages of Demat Account
As the trading world has shifted to the online space, it has become more and more accessible to the average investor accompanied by several useful tools and platforms.
A large part in this shift is played by the process of Dematerialisation, which has made it easier than ever for traders to hold and trade in their securities. However, like all concepts associated with trading, Demat accounts necessitate a closer look at its pros and cons.
What is a Demat Account?
Dematerialisation is the process by which physical securities are converted into electronic format. One of the prime benefits of Demat accounts is it serves a similar function to the one that is served by a bank account to store your money. Each Demat account comes with a specific account number and password to ensure security. Each transaction made with the Demat account also comes with its transaction password.
The various advantages of demat accounts are:
- Securities in Demat accounts can be stored in an electronic form, which makes the process of holding and transacting convenient and hassle-free.
- They have greatly reduced the risks associated with holding securities in physical forms like - forgeries, theft, fake securities.
- Demat accounts also allow instant transfer of securities. Hence, as soon as a trader spots a favourable opportunity, a transfer or transaction in securities can be made quickly.
- With Demat accounts, if you should choose so, you can buy or sell even a single share.
- As a trader, not only can you open a demat account online but also update important account information such as a change of address without having to reach out to multiple companies.
- Demat accounts are also a great all-in-one account for holding many different types of securities like - investments in both equity as well as debt instruments, and also use it to hold mutual funds and gold ETFs.
With the advantages, there are some disadvantages too, which include:
- Demat account holders are required to pay an annual maintenance charge. This charge applies to the trader even if there is only a single share held in the Demat account.
- As opposed to dealing with physical securities, trading in electronic securities might seem somewhat difficult and even complex to those new to the world of online trading.
While Demat accounts might seem to present a challenge to certain traders, for the most part, their pros outweigh their cons. If you too would like to make the most of this essential trading tool, consider opening a Demat account online with IIFL, wherein investors and traders can avail an all-in-one account through which you can trade in multiple securities online from anywhere.


Building a Tube Frame Car: A Step-by-Step Guide to Crafting a Custom Vehicle
Building a tube frame car is an ambitious undertaking that requires careful planning, precise fabrication, and meticulous attention to detail. In this extensive guide, we will provide you with a comprehensive, step-by-step walkthrough of the process involved in constructing a tube frame car. From initial design considerations to final assembly, this article will equip you with the knowledge and skills necessary to bring your dream car to life.
Section 1: Design and Planning
1.1 Defining Your Vision: Before diving into the specifics of designing a tube frame car, it's crucial to have a clear vision of what you want to achieve. Consider the purpose of the car, whether it's for racing, off-roading, or street driving. Determine your desired performance characteristics, such as speed, handling, or fuel efficiency. Think about the aesthetics and style you want to incorporate into the design. By defining your vision, you'll have a solid foundation for the rest of the design process.
1.2 Chassis Design: The chassis is the backbone of your tube frame car, providing structural support and rigidity. Start by determining the wheelbase and track width based on your intended use and desired handling characteristics. Consider factors like weight distribution, center of gravity, and suspension geometry to achieve optimal balance and performance. Utilize computer-aided design (CAD) software or consult with a professional to create a detailed chassis design that meets your specifications.
1.3 Materials and Components: Choosing the right materials and components is crucial for building a strong and lightweight tube frame car. Common materials used for the chassis include chromoly steel, aluminum, or a combination of both. Each material has its advantages and considerations in terms of strength, weight, and fabrication techniques. Research and consult with experts to select the most appropriate material for your specific application. Additionally, consider other components such as suspension, brakes, and steering systems, ensuring they align with your design goals.
1.4 Suspension Design: The suspension system plays a critical role in the handling and performance of your tube frame car. Determine the type of suspension you want, such as independent or solid axle, and consider factors like ride height, spring rates, and damping characteristics. Pay attention to the packaging constraints imposed by the tube frame design and ensure proper clearance for suspension components. Strive for a well-balanced suspension setup that offers both comfort and responsiveness.
1.5 Aerodynamics and Body Design: While tube frame cars often have minimalist bodies, aerodynamics can still play a significant role in overall performance. Consider incorporating aerodynamic features such as splitters, diffusers, or spoilers to improve stability and reduce drag. Additionally, design the body panels to complement the overall aesthetic and provide adequate clearance for mechanical components. Balance form and function to achieve a visually appealing and aerodynamically efficient design.
1.6 Safety Considerations: Safety should be a top priority when designing a tube frame car. Consider integrating safety features such as roll cages, reinforced chassis areas, and safety harnesses. Ensure that the chassis design meets or exceeds safety regulations and standards. Consult with professionals or refer to industry guidelines to ensure the highest level of safety for both the driver and passengers.
1.7 Testing and Refinement: Once the initial design is complete, it's essential to test and refine your concept. Use simulation software or wind tunnel testing to evaluate aerodynamic performance. Consider performing virtual or physical tests to assess chassis stiffness and structural integrity. Iterate on the design based on the results of these tests, making necessary adjustments to enhance performance, safety, and overall functionality.
By thoroughly considering these aspects during the design and planning phase, you'll lay a solid foundation for the construction of your tube frame car. This careful attention to detail will ensure that your final product aligns with your vision, performs optimally, and meets the highest standards of safety and quality.
Section 2: Fabrication and Construction
2.1 Tube Bending Techniques: Tube bending is a fundamental skill required for fabricating the intricate framework of your tube frame car. Invest in a high-quality tube bending machine or seek the assistance of a professional tube bender to ensure accurate and precise bends. Take into account the specific angles and dimensions required for each tube section, following the design specifications closely. Use templates or marking guides to mark the bending points on the tubes before proceeding with the bending process. Practice proper technique and take care to avoid distortion or kinks in the tubes during bending.
2.2 Notching and Joining Tubes: Proper notching and joining of tubes are crucial for creating strong and secure connections within the tube frame. Notching is the process of cutting precise openings in the tubes to allow them to fit together seamlessly. Use a notching tool or tube notching jig to achieve accurate and consistent notches. When joining the tubes, consider various techniques such as coped joints or fishmouth notches, depending on your design and welding preferences. Ensure proper fitment and alignment of the tubes before proceeding to the welding stage.
2.3 Welding and Fabrication: Welding is a critical aspect of fabricating a tube frame car, as it provides structural integrity and strength to the frame. Depending on your skill level and access to equipment, you can choose between MIG (Metal Inert Gas) or TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding methods. Ensure that you have a suitable welding machine and use the appropriate filler material for the chosen welding process. Follow proper welding techniques, such as maintaining consistent heat and achieving adequate penetration. Take precautions to ensure safety, such as wearing protective gear and working in a well-ventilated area.
2.4 Chassis Assembly: Assemble the various components of the tube frame chassis according to your design and construction plan. Start by aligning and joining the main frame rails, cross members, and other structural elements. Use clamps, jigs, or welding fixtures to hold the components in place during the assembly process. Verify that the chassis remains square and level as you progress with the assembly. Consider reinforcing critical areas, such as suspension mounts or engine mounting points, to enhance the chassis's overall strength.
2.5 Body Integration: Once the main chassis is complete, it's time to integrate the body panels and other structural elements. Ensure that the body panels align with the chassis design and provide adequate clearance for mechanical components. Use appropriate brackets, fasteners, or bonding techniques to secure the body panels to the frame. Pay attention to both aesthetics and functionality when fitting the body panels, aiming for a seamless and visually appealing integration.
2.6 Suspension and Drivetrain Installation: Install the suspension components, including the shocks, springs, control arms, and other related parts. Follow the manufacturer's instructions or consult with experts to ensure proper installation and alignment. Integrate the drivetrain components, such as the engine, transmission, and differential, ensuring they are securely mounted and aligned with the chassis. Connect the necessary linkages, driveshafts, and axles to complete the drivetrain installation.
2.7 Fine-tuning and Alignment: Once the major components are in place, it's crucial to fine-tune and align the various systems to achieve optimal performance. Adjust the suspension settings, such as ride height, camber, and toe, to achieve the desired handling characteristics. Verify that all mechanical systems are functioning properly and address any issues or discrepancies that may arise. Conduct thorough checks to ensure that all connections and fasteners are tightened to the recommended torque specifications.
2.8 Final Finishing: After completing the fabrication and construction process, take the time to give your tube frame car a final finishing touch. Perform any necessary paintwork or coating on the body panels to enhance aesthetics and protect against corrosion. Consider adding graphics, decals, or other personal touches to reflect your style and make the car uniquely yours. Clean and polish all visible surfaces, ensuring a professional and polished appearance.
2.9 Electrical and Wiring: Don't overlook the importance of proper electrical wiring and integration of electrical components in your tube frame car. Install the necessary wiring harnesses, switches, and controls according to your design and electrical system requirements. Take care to route and secure the wiring neatly to prevent interference or damage. Connect the electrical components such as lights, gauges, and any additional accessories you wish to incorporate into the vehicle.
2.10 Testing and Evaluation: Before taking your tube frame car on the road, it's crucial to conduct thorough testing and evaluation to ensure its safety and performance. Perform a comprehensive inspection of all mechanical systems, including brakes, steering, suspension, and drivetrain. Conduct initial test runs in a controlled environment to assess the vehicle's handling, braking, and overall functionality. Address any issues or discrepancies that arise during testing, making necessary adjustments or repairs as needed.
2.11 Certification and Compliance: If you intend to drive your tube frame car on public roads, it's important to comply with local regulations and obtain the necessary certifications or inspections. Familiarize yourself with the specific requirements in your jurisdiction, such as emissions standards, safety inspections, or vehicle registration. Ensure that your vehicle meets all the necessary criteria and passes the required tests before taking it on public roads.
By following these detailed steps in the fabrication and construction process, you can bring your vision of a homemade tube frame car to life. Take the time to ensure precision, quality, and attention to detail throughout the entire process to create a safe, reliable, and high-performance vehicle that reflects your passion and craftsmanship.
Section 3: Systems Integration and Finishing Touches
3.1 Electrical System Integration: Integrating the electrical systems into your homemade car is a crucial step to ensure proper functionality and convenience. Begin by installing the wiring harness, connecting it to the appropriate components such as the battery, fuse box,


text:
Popplet is a free online tool which lets you create a visual mindmap with ease, combining text, images, links and videos. This could be useful as a tool to use collaboratively with a class to outline planning together for a new topic, perhaps using the interactive whiteboard. Or it could be a way to record learning as pupils research about a topic. The simplicity of adding images, text links and videos is coupled with the ease with which any part can be re-ordered or moved to suit the visual presentation style desired.
Popplet can also be used as an alternative to Powerpoint in delivering presentations, well suited to the needs of a primary school.
Watch the video introduction to Popplet below:
Mark Bromley has created a video which serves as an introduction and short tutorial to using Popplet in the primary classroom.
Miss Noor has provided several suggestions for the use of Popplet in various curricular areas in the classroom, along with an example Popplet presentation.
So whether as a visual planning tool, for note-taking, for creating a slideshow of images or delivering presentations combining text, weblinks, videos and images in an animated way then Popplet is an easy to use tool useful for the primary classroom.
For other tools which can be used to create mind-maps or to display information in a visual way then look at the mind-mapping tools at webtools4u2use.
For further tools which can be used to as presentation tools have a look at the presentation tools page of webtools4u2use.


Trail: Internationalization
Lesson: Working with Text
Working with Bidirectional Text with the JTextComponent Class
Home Page > Internationalization > Working with Text
Working with Bidirectional Text with the JTextComponent Class
This section discusses how to work with bidirectional text with the JTextComponent class. Bidirectional text is text that contains text that runs in two directions, left-to-right and right-to-left. An example of bidirectional text is Arabic text (which runs right-to-left) that contain numbers (which run left-to-right). It is more difficult to display and manage bidirectional text; however the JTextComponent handles these issues for you.
The following topics are covered:
For more information about these issues, or if you want more control in handling these issues, see Working with Bidirectional Text in the 2D Graphics trail.
Determining Directionality of Bidirectional Text
The sample BidiTextComponentDemo.java, which is based on TextComponentDemo.java, displays bidirectional text in a JTextPane object. In most cases, the Java platform can determine the directionality of bidirectional Unicode text:
BidiTextComponentDemo.java
Explicitly Specifying Text Run Direction in JTextComponent Objects
You can specify the run direction of the Document object of a JTextComponent object. For example, the following statement specifies that the text in the JTextPane object textPane runs right-to-left:
textPane.getDocument().putProperty(
 TextAttribute.RUN_DIRECTION,
 TextAttribute.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL);
Alternatively, you can specify the component orientation of a particular Swing component based on locale. For example, the following statements specify that the component orientation of the object textPane is based on the ar-SA locale:
Locale arabicSaudiArabia =
 new Locale.Builder().setLanguage("ar").setRegion("SA").build();
textPane.setComponentOrientation(
 ComponentOrientation.getOrientation(arabicSaudiArabia));
Because the run direction of the Arabic language is right-to-left, the run direction of the text contained in the textPane object is right-to-left also.
See the section Setting Component Orientation for more information.
Displaying and Moving Carets
In editable text, a caret is used to graphically represent the current insertion point, the position in the text where new characters will be inserted. In the BidiTextComponentDemo.java sample, the caret contains a small triangle that points toward the direction where an inserted character will be displayed.
By default, a JTextComponent object creates a keymap (of type Keymap) that is shared by all JTextComponent instances as the default keymap. A keymap lets an application bind key strokes to action. A default keymap (for JTextComponent objects that support caret movement) includes the binding between caret movement forward and backward with the left and right arrow keys, which supports caret movement through bidirectional text.
Hit Testing
Often, a location in device space must be converted to a text offset. For example, when a user clicks the mouse on selectable text, the location of the mouse is converted to a text offset and used as one end of the selection range. Logically, this is the inverse of positioning a caret.
You can attach a caret listener to an instance of an JTextComponent. A caret listener enables you to handle caret events, which occur when the caret moves or when the selection in a text component changes. You attach a caret listener with the addCaretListener method. See How to Write a Caret Listener for more information.
Highlighting Selections
A selected range of characters is represented graphically by a highlight region, an area in which glyphs are displayed with inverse video or against a different background color.
JTextComponent objects implement logical highlighting. This means that the selected characters are always contiguous in the text model, and the highlight region is allowed to be discontiguous. The following is an example of logical highlighting:
BidiTextComponentDemo: logical highlighting
Setting Component Orientation
Swing's layout managers understand how locale affects a UI; it is not necessary to create a new layout for each locale. For example, in a locale where text flows right to left, the layout manager will arrange components in the same orientation.
The sample InternationalizedMortgageCalculator.java has been localized for English, United States; English, United Kingdom; French, France; French, Canada; and Arabic, Saudi Arabia.
The following uses the en-US locale:
Mortgage Calculator, en-US locale
The following uses the ar-SA locale:
Mortgage Calculator, ar-SA locale
Note that the components have been laid out in the same direction as the corresponding locale: left-to-right for en-US and right-to-left for ar-SA. The InternationalizedMortgageCalculator.java sample calls the methods applyComponentOrientation and getOrientation to specify the direction of its components by locale:
private static JFrame frame;
// ...
private static void createAndShowGUI(Locale currentLocale) {
 // Create and set up the window.
 // ...
 // Add contents to the window.
 // ...
 frame.applyComponentOrientation(
 ComponentOrientation.getOrientation(currentLocale));
 // ...
 }
The sample InternationalizedMortgageCalculator.java requires the following resource files:
Problems with the examples? Try Compiling and Running the Examples: FAQs.
Complaints? Compliments? Suggestions? Give us your feedback.
Previous page: Normalizing Text
Next page: Internationalization of Network Resources
Spec-Zone.ru - all specs in one place


ServiceBase class is a base class for a service. It must be derived from when creating a new service.
Almost all services will override the OnStart and OnStop methods of ServiceBase.
ServiceController class and ServiceControllerPermission class
ServiceController class - MSDN
ServiceControllerPermission class - MSDN
ServiceInstaller and ServiceProcessInstaller class
ServiceInstaller - MSDN
ServiceProcessInstaller class - MSDN
ServiceChangeDescription structure and ServiceChangeReason enumeration
SessionChangeDescription structure - MSDN
SessionChangeReason enumeration - MSDN
Develop multithreaded applications
Exam objective: Develop multithreaded .NET Framework applications
(Refer System.Threading namespace)
Thread class - MSDN
ThreadPool class - MSDN
ThreadStart delegate, ParameterizedThreadStart delegate, and SynchronizationContext class
ThreadStart delegate - MSDN
The simplest way to create a thread is to instantiate the Thread class. The Thread constructor takes a delegate argument. The ThreadStart delegate points to a method containing your logic. For example:
Thread t1 = new Thread (new ThreadStart(LengthyLogic));
public void LengthyLogic ()
{
 // Logic code
}
ParameterizedThreadStart delegate - MSDN
When you start a thread, sometimes you need to pass in some data for processing. .NET 2.0 provides a new delegate, ParameterizedThreadStart, which takes a parameter of type object. The class has a new overload function Thread.Start. It allows you to specify the value to be passed into the thread. This approach is simple, but is not type-safe. Example:
Thread t1 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(LengthyLogic));
// Use the overload of the Start method that has a parameter of type Object.
t1.Start(myData);
static void LengthyLogic(object data)
{
 // Logic code
}
SynchronizationContext class - MSDN
The Code Project Example for SynchronizationContext Class [1]
Timeout class, Timer class, TimerCallback delegate, WaitCallback delegate, WaitHandle class, and WaitOrTimerCallback delegate
Timeout class - MSDN
Timer class - MSDN
TimerCallback delegate - MSDN
WaitCallback delegate - MSDN
WaitHandle class - MSDN
WaitOrTimerCallback delegate - MSDN
ThreadExceptionEventArgs class and ThreadExceptionEventHanlder class
ThreadExceptionEventArgs class - MSDN
ThreadExceptionEventHandler class - MSDN
ThreadState enumeration and ThreadPriority enumeration
ThreadState enumeration - MSDN
ThreadPriority enumeration - MSDN
ReaderWriterLock class - MSDN
AutoResetEvent class and ManualResetEvent class
AutoResetEvent class - MSDN
ManualResetEvent class - MSDN
IAsyncResult interface and ICancelableAsyncResult interface
(Refer System namespace)
IAsyncResult interface - MSDN
ICancelableAsyncResult interface - MSDN
EventWaitHandle class, RegisterWaitHandle class, SendOrPostCallback delegate, and IOCompletionCallback delegate
EventWaitHandle class - MSDN
RegisterWaitHandle class - MSDN
This is a typo in the exam list of objectives and the training kit. The term RegisterWaitForSingleObject should be saerch instead (see KB)
SendOrPostCallback delegate - MSDN
IOCompletionCallback delegate - MSDN
Interlocked class, NativeOverlapped structure, and Overlapped class
Interlocked class - MSDN
NativeOverlapped structure - MSDN
Overlapped class - MSDN
ExecutionContext class, HostExecutionContext class, HostExecutionContext manager, and ContextCallback delegate
ExecutionContext class - MSDN
HostExecutionContext class - MSDN
HostExecutionContext manager - MSDN
In fact was is refered to here is the HostExecutionContextManager class
ContextCallback delegate - MSDN
LockCookie structure, Monitor class, Mutex class, and Semaphore class MSDN]
LockCookie structure - MSDN
Monitor class - MSDN
Mutex class - MSDN
Semaphore class - MSDN
Lock vs Monitor vs Mutex - MSDN
Using applications domains
Exam objective: Create a unit of isolation for common language runtime in a .NET Framework application by using application domains
(Refer System namespace)
Create an application domain
See MSDN
An application domain is a division of a process into multiple parts. Applications running in different application domains are as isolated as they would be in different processes. So they cannot access memory in another application domain. However, if native code is run, it can gain unlimited access to the whole process, which includes other application domains.
Application domains are easier to maintain and are faster because it is easier to communicate between application domains than between processes. An application domain can hold multiple assemblies.
To create an application domain, you must at least supply a name for the new application domain:
 AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Name");
Use AppDomain.CurrentDomain to get the application domain the calling thread is using.
Load assemblies into an application domain
See MSDN
It is possible to execute an assembly by name using AppDomain.ExecuteAssemblyByName:
 AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Name");
 ad.ExecuteAssemblyByName("aname, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=a9b8c7d6");
Or use AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly to supply a path to the assemby:
 AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Name");
 ad.ExecuteAssembly(@"c:\path\to\file.exe");
Unload an application domain
See MSDN
It is not possible to unload assemblies from the default application domain. However if an assembly is loaded in a different application domain, you can unload the whole application domain which includes all assemblies in that application domain.
To unload an application domain, use the static AppDomain.Unload function:
 AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Name");
 AppDomain.Unload(ad);
Configure an application domain
See MSDN
The most likely reason to modify the application domain configuration, is to restrict certain permissions to limit the damage if an attacker exploits vulnerabilities in an assembly.
An example is to run an assembly in the Internet Zone. The Internet Zone has limited permissions. To do this create a Zone Evidence and supply it as a parameter when creating the Application Domain:
 object [] myEvidenceTypes = {new Zone (SecurityZone.Internet)};
 Evidence myEvidence = new Evidence(myEvidenceTypes, null);
 AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Name", myEvidence); // Pass the Evidence when creating the App. Domain
 ad.ExecuteAssembly(@"c:\path\to\file.exe");

It is also possible to execute only one assemby in an Application Domain with different permissions;
 object [] myEvidenceTypes = {new Zone (SecurityZone.Internet)};
 Evidence myEvidence = new Evidence(myEvidenceTypes, null);
 AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Name");
 ad.ExecuteAssembly(@"c:\path\to\file.exe", myEvidence); // Pass the Evidence in the ExecuteAssembly function
Except Evidence, you can also use the AppDomainSetup class to set other properties.
 AppDomainSetup ads = new AppDomainSetup();
 ads.ApplicationBase = @"c:\Test";
 ads.DisallowCodeDownload = true;
 AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CreateDomain("Name", null, ads); // use null as second parameter for default Evidence
Retrieve setup information from an application domain
See MSDN
Use the SetupInformation property of an AppDomain to read the settings from that application domain;
 AppDomainSetup ads = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation;
 Console.WriteLine(ads.ConfigurationFile);
 Console.WriteLine(ads.ApplicationName);
Configuration, diagnostic, management, and installation
Exam objective: Embedding configuration, diagnostic, management, and installation features into a .NET Framework application
Topics
Configuration management
Configuration management is used here in a restricted sense. It refers to the adaptation of an application to a specific execution environment or user. This is usually done thru the use of configuration files that specify the run time parameters of the application. The typical example of such configuration information is the connection string used to locate and connect to the application database


Abstract
Application of contraction theory provides a platform to analyze the exponential stability of nonlinear system. To effective compensate the time-varying parametric uncertainties exist in the longitudinal dynamics of the train, this paper proposes a contraction based saturated adaptive robust control for automatic train operation, which is subject to input limit of actuator. With consideration of actuator saturation, a recently developed robust modification is used to saturate the control input in each step, while the global stability is preserved. The resulting saturated adaptive robust control renders the transformed error enter the predefined region, furthermore, inside the predefined region, the contracting behaviour of closed-loop dynamics is regain and the tracking error exponentially converge to a residual set subsequently. The results of comparative experiments under different control strategies also verify the effectiveness of the proposed saturated adaptive robust control.
Keywords
Automatic train operation Actuator saturation Contraction theory Adaptive robust control
References
 1. 1.
 IEEE Standard for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) Performance and Functional Requirements, IEEE Standard 1474.1-2004, 2004Google Scholar
 2. 2.
 Howlett PG, Milroy IP, Pudney PJ (1994) Energy-efficient train control. Control Eng Pract 2(2):193–200CrossRefGoogle Scholar
 3. 3.
 Howlett PG (2000) The optimal control of a train. Ann Oper Res 98(1–4):65–87MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 4. 4.
 Khmelnitsky E (2000) On an optimal control problem of train operation. IEEE Trans Autom Control, 45(7):1257–1266Google Scholar
 5. 5.
 Yasunobu S, Miyamoto S, Ihara H (2002) A fuzzy control for train automatic stop control. Trans Soc Instrum Control Eng, E-2(1):1–9Google Scholar
 6. 6.
 Yang CD, Sun YP (2001) Mixed H2/H cruise controller design for high speed train. Int J Control 74(9):905–920CrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 7. 7.
 Chou M, Xia X (2007) Optimal cruise control of heavy-haul trains equipped with electronically controlled pneumatic brake systmes. Control Eng Pract 15(5):511–519CrossRefGoogle Scholar
 8. 8.
 Song Qi, Song Yong-duan, Tang Tao, Ning Bin (2011) Computationally inexpensive tracking control of high-speed trains with traction/braking saturation. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 12(4):1116–1125CrossRefGoogle Scholar
 9. 9.
 Ioannou PA, Sun J (1996) Robust adaptive control. Prentice Hall, Englewood CliffsMATHGoogle Scholar
 10. 10.
 Hong Y, Yao B (2007) A globally stable saturated desired compensation adaptive robust control for linear motor systems with comparative experiments. Automatic 43(10):1840–1848MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 11. 11.
 Wang L, Xu H, Luo H (2016) Contraction-based adaptive control for automatic train operation. Control Intell Syst 44(1)Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018
Authors and Affiliations
 1. 1.BeijingChina
Personalised recommendations


text:
Present danger can occur at anytime throughout the life of a case and must be assessed on a continual basis. A determination must be made if immediate protective actions are necessary to protect a child and the level of intervention required to keep the child safe.
- Assess if present danger exists during any contact with a child to determine if an immediate, significant and clearly observable behavior or situation is actively occurring and is threatening or dangerous to a child.
- When present danger exists, identify and take immediate protective action(s) necessary to create child safety.
- When assessing Present Danger in a Family Assessment Response case. Document present danger and protective actions through the Present Danger Assessment at least once during service delivery.
- In all other programs, document all protective actions taken to manage or control present danger in a FamLink case note using the protective action activity code or through completion of the Present Danger Assessment.
- When children in DCYF care and custody are determined to be in present danger in licensed or unlicensed care, children are removed from that placement. Notify intake per the Intake Process and Response policy.
When Children are In Danger - article
Comparing and Understanding the Differences: Risk of Maltreatment, Present Danger, Impending Danger - article


text:
Jul 23, 2014
Jul 21, 2014
Jul 18, 2014
Instructor: Ryan Kleeman
Date: 12 - 4 pm July 26, 2014
Location: Overlap Studio (Fruitvale, Oakland)
Our journey continues into the wonderful sounds of nature. We delve deeper into listening and organizing the sounds we collected in the field. This class serves as an introduction for those just getting started with sampling field recordings, equalizing recordings and creative processing of sounds captured in the field.
Students will learn about stereo imaging, basic editing of waveforms, filtering, and creative manipulation of field recordings within a digital audio workstation.
Jul 16, 2014
SUNIGHT is a series of Sunday night events for fun and relaxing listening time.
It features new ambient music in multiple channels of immersive audio.
With 8 speakers surround the audience, many pillows for seats, special drinks, teas, flower essences fill the air, it is also a time and place for old friends come together, new friends meet, and everyone recharges.
Jul 14, 2014
Jul 11, 2014
Andrew Weathers, originally from North Carolina, is a composer and improviser currently live in Oakland, CA. His music often takes elements from folk, experimental, and punk traditions.
Here's an excerpt from Andrew's piece from a split release with Wes Tirey -
Jul 9, 2014
The class is about meditation in the sense that Christopher Willits described as - "a devoted time to be present, neutralize, and connect to the earth and cosmos."
Free of any religious practices and free of charge.
6 - 7 pm
Sunday, July 13th, 2014
Southwest slope of Bernal Hill, San Francisco


text:
The Caffe strategy for convolution is to reduce the problem to matrix-matrix multiplication. This linear algebra computation is highly-tuned in BLAS libraries and efficiently computed on GPU devices.
For more details read Yangqing's Convolution in Caffe: a memo.
As it turns out, this same reduction was independently explored in the context of conv. nets by
K. Chellapilla, S. Puri, P. Simard, et al. High performance convolutional neural networks for document processing. In Tenth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2006.


text:
Archana Chenthil Kumar, Matthew Osborne and Amir Arsalan Tahouni
The substitution of concrete with natural stone in the architecture, engineering and construction industries can reduce CO2 emissions by up to 90%. Throughout the world's quarries are a large quantity of unusable, fractured, and irregular stone fragments brought about by the explosive and selective nature of extraction processes.
This project questions the necessity of discarding a material with such low embodied energy in an age of advanced digital tools. By exploring new applications of 3D scanning and parametric design workflows, it has begun to develop a methodology that affords the freedom of high precision and precise control over a non-standard material resource.
Taking a systems-engineering approach, the project defines a series of procedural methods capable of processing, classifying, and cataloguing an array of topological features into a library of scanned objects and optimal orientations.
As each construction unit is unique in form, they require a digital notational system to assemble without construction drawings. An augmented reality application was created to process digital 3D models and their defined sequential construction logic. The app then uses computer vision techniques to detect and recognise the unique silhouette and surface features of an individual unit to instruct its placement within the system.
3. Augmented Assembly.


text:
Traditional control system for double speed wipers
Nautical line control systems for windscreen wipers have the following features:
- actuate wipers individually or in groups, operating both in continuous and intermittent mode ;
- actuate windscreen washing system performing a predetermined cycle.
Control systems proposed are:
- PWS System: developed to control a group from two up to five wipers.
- LMS System: allows you to control a group from three up to nine wipers.
- CT System: very compact, similar to a toggle switch, to control one or two wipers.
- ESB Switch: ON-ON-ON switch suitable to feed two speeds motors with self parking.


Guest Blog – EquityEdit: Expanding Access to Biomedical Innovations
This guest blog entry is from Duncan Smith-Rohrberg Maru, an
MD/PhD student at the Yale University School of
Medicine. Duncan describes
the recently launched non-profit organization, EquityEdit, which aims to expand
access to the research literature for authors whose first language is not
English, whilst also contributing funding to health initiatives in developing
is a new non-profit organization that capitalizes on the expanding market for
high-quality technical editing to generate sustainable funding for innovations
in global public health. In partnership with for-profit biomedical editing
companies, we recruit and train scientists from diverse backgrounds to edit
portion of the compensation they earn is then donated to small, innovative,
financing. Additionally, in exchange for the value-added EquityEdit provides to
for-profit partners in terms of public relations, personnel management,
marketing, and technical innovations, its for-profit partners provide an
additional donation as a percentage of the revenue from each order. Through
this means, EquityEdit improves access to biomedical innovations on two fronts:
on the one hand by improving communication among scientists from
non-English-speaking countries and on the other by delivering sustainable and
flexible financing to healthcare organizations delivering medical and public
health interventions to the global poor.
globalization of science through a primarily English-language medium has left
scientists from non-English-speaking countries at a distinct disadvantage in
communicating their research. Despite the expansion of scientific editing
companies, the demand for editing services outstrips the supply. A major issue
faced by editing companies is finding talented, reliable editors with sufficient
biomedical and scientific backgrounds to provide services to their clients. At
the same time, scientists desire to see the fruits of their research borne in
resource-poor countries. While scientists tend to be knowledgeable about and
sympathetic to global health issues, they lack avenues to allow them to make a
real contribution to global public health. The EquityEdit model provides them
the opportunity to apply their highly valued scientific expertise to a task that
provides a specific monetary value—on the order of $40-$100 per hour—to their
services, while contributing the remaining editing profits to a medical relief
the EquityEdit mechanism provides sustainable, long-term financing to innovative
global public health organizations. While numerous mechanisms do exist for
global health financing, few opportunities are available for small, innovative
enterprises to develop novel solutions to pressing public health problems.
EquityEdit chooses beneficiaries with transparent and open practices so that
editors can monitor the way in which the donations they generate are used to
create social change.
maximize revenue to participating non-profit beneficiaries, the management team
of EquityEdit remains all-volunteer. Since these volunteers are unpaid, other
incentives exist to create a sustainable management structure. The primary
incentive is their desire to fundraise for the nonprofit beneficiary. To
facilitate this, a major criteria for an EquityEdit beneficiary (in addition to
being small, innovative, pro-poor) is that they have at least one executive or
board member who is qualified and interested in improving EquityEdit. This is a
key aspect of developing a sustainable model that doesn't require a paid
executive director, since the beneficiary executive would be significantly
invested in the financial success of EquityEdit. Once a non-profit joins, the
goal would be to quickly expand to and sustain annual revenue streams of
$100,000 for the non-profit. This revenue would continue for at least five
years, during which time the point-person at the non-profit would be expected to
engage in improving EquityEdit.
In addition to recruiting and
training a team of experienced editors, EquityEdit provides for profit partners
with value-added in marketing and in IT innovations that produce greater
efficiencies. EquityEdit harnesses the efficiency of the market, the reach of
the internet, and the power of self-interested goodwill. Importantly,
EquityEdit reduces costs, increases exposure, and offers tax incentives to
for-profit editing businesses, which makes engaging in this charitable activity
good for their bottom line. The exact proportion of funds distributed to the
editing company, editor, and non-profit beneficiary is set by a contractual
arrangement between the company and editor.
There are several present opportunities to get involved with
or contribute to EquityEdit.
Corporate Partnerships
If you work for a corporation that might benefit from a
collaboration with EquityEdit, please contact editor(AT)equityedit(DOT)org.
Volunteer Leadership Positions
To further improve our model, we are looking for individuals
with backgrounds in marketing, social enterprise, biomedicine, technical
editing, and public health. Please contact editor(AT)equityedit(DOT)org if
interested in joining our team, providing a one-paragraph cover email detailing
your relevant background and interests in EquityEdit.
Paid Editors
If you are interested in becoming a paid editor, please apply
at Note that you must have
significant first-author publication experience to be considered as an editor.
We are also looking for scientists who are conversant in Japanese who can act as
translators. Please apply through the same applicant portal.
Duncan Smith-Rohrberg Maru
Co-founder, EquityEdit
View the latest posts on the Research in progress blog homepage