text:
Automotive Complex Die Cast
Fuel efficiency of automotive integrated automotive engine parts is critical. Unnecessary fuel consumption comes from inefficient automotive parts. However, BEST PARTS specializes in the development and development of automotive engine parts, all from die castings.
Our proprietary die casting process combined with precision die casting combines the efficiency of automotive integrated engine parts to work with any alloy that meets the strength, weight and durability requirements.
Why Choose Us
1. Advanced inspection equipment to ensure strict quality and control as well as precise specifications.
2. We are a direct manufacturer with extensive experience in packaging machine parts and medical parts.
3. Custom inspection report and proof of materials.
4. Various drawing formats are available. For example: AutoCAD and so on.
5. Young people manage their teams with efficient productivity, rapid response and modern business philosophy.
Die Casting Advantage
Die casting can have significant advantages over other manufacturing processes, which can often result in significant cost savings, not only in terms of part price, but also overall production cost. When casting parts, you can create complex mesh shapes, including external threads and complex internal features. You can also combine multiple parts into one part, eliminating assembly operations and reducing labor costs, while also simplifying inventory control and enhancing part consistency.
Other benefits include:
1.Variable wall thickness
2.More tight tolerances
3.Fewer steps from raw materials to finished parts
4.Fast production cycle
6.Long tool life, especially zinc and magnesium


Emory Report
Mar. 29, 1999
 Volume 51, No. 25
New ITD program rewards superior job performance
Some Emory employees may see their salaries get a small bump every year and conclude that such an increase is guaranteed, that it is a standard cost-of-living raise. But in fact the University's yearly salary increases are intended to be rewards for job performance, and the principle behind this has led one Emory division to change the way it evaluates its employees.
Last fall the Information Technology Division implemented a team-based approach to evaluation, quantifying job-performance measures and setting clear goals for improving that performance. Though part of every ITD employee's evaluation still depends entirely on individual performance, a good part of the equation rests with how the employee's team meets its goals.
For example, the Customer Support Center team decided it wanted to improve call response time. In conversation with team leaders, the employees set a reasonable goals for answering customer calls more quickly (software in Emory's telephone system can measure this automatically). If the team meets its goal, its salary increase at review time will reflect that; if not, there may be no salary increase.
"This is not just about salary increases," said Paul Morris, vice-provost for Information Technology. "This gives employees a target to aim at. If they're not making their target, they need to make changes. The customer benefits, the team benefits--it's a win-win situation."
Morris conceded that not all job performance measures are so easily quantifiable, but that's why everyone involved participated in the discussions to determine what the numbers would measure. And there are some bugs still to be worked out; how accountable is a team for not making its goal due to circumstances clearly beyond its control, such as weather-related damage or even terrorist attacks? These are questions that will be worked out as they come up, Morris said, but so far the system is working well.
"Teams can see how they're doing throughout the year," he said. Indeed, in many instances anyone in the University can see, as ITD is posting its customer-support performance data on its web site.
During the year ITD spent designing this evaluation system, Morris said, one question from both Human Resources and the Board of Trustees was if the numbers-based approach could be applicable to other areas of the University, for both faculty and staff. HR Vice President Alice Miller thinks the answer is yes.
"Of course it is," Miller said. "There's no question it takes a lot of work, but if departments are willing to sit down and identify variables to put together and establish some programs, it can be done."
Miller said other departments have explored options for implementing new employee performance measures like ITD's, but none has taken action. She also said Emory "has not aggressively communicated the fact that the University's pay rates are extremely competitive with the market rates, and when there are changes in that market rate, we make adjustments."
Edie Murphree, associate vice president for administration, said that while most departments tie pay raises to supervisors' employee evaluations, there are some whose de facto policy is to award uniform salary increases with little or no measurement of job performance. This is not, she said, how the yearly increases are intended to be used.
"A department could use the salary pool dollars for a combination of cost-of-living and merit increases, but the pool is intended to reward and encourage performance that meets or exceeds job performance standards," Murphree said.
--Michael Terrazas
Return to March 29, 1999, contents page


text:
A vast increase in animal protection laws during the past decade has changed the legal landscape of animal law. The current generation of such laws includes more inventive and effective provisions, but more could be done. This article reviews the current laws of states across the country and proposes a number of specific provisions that would improve the force and effect of animal protection legislation. The Author's goal is to identify pragmatic ways in which to make animals the most statutorily protected type of property in our country.
Full Title Name: State Animal Protection Laws - The Next Generation

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Isle of Man Green Party has said extraction of gas from the Manx seabed would be 'incompatible' with the island's Climate Change Act and the Paris Climate Agreement.
In a statement, the party has called on the gov to stop the exploration process at the end of the four month extension granted to Crogga to allow it to complete surveys.
The party said that it had written to CoMin asking ministers not to extend Crogga's licence, which was due to expire on December 31 2021.
It said: 'In the knowledge that Phase B of the licence awarded to Crogga in 2018 to explore for fossil fuels in the Isle of Man seabed was coming to an end at the end of 2021, and it being understood that if certain obligations had not been met by Crogga the licence would expire and automatically cease, the Green Party wrote on December 14 2021 to each Minister of the Council of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, setting out cogent reasons why the licence should not be extended.
'The Green Party's letter set out the realities of how climate change is impacting the Isle of Man, including the increasing prevalence of droughts, extreme rainfall, and erosion from a more volatile and expanding Irish sea. It is clearly stated by the relevant science that extreme climate change in the Isle of Man and elsewhere is being caused by carbon emissions, that the consequences of the same will be hugely damaging to our community and communities globally, and that we must urgently decarbonise and transition to renewable forms of energy. Gas is a high carbon fuel that is contributing to extreme climate change; accordingly, the Government should be introducing policies to reduce its use in order to protect our island community.'
In the letter, which can be seen below, the party said that any extensions would be 'in direct contradiction to the Government's commitments, amongst other things, in respect of the United Nations Paris Agreement, to undertake efforts to keep global heating to 1.5°C, and the Government's climate change duties pursuant to the Climate Change Act 2021'.
They said that after the extension was granted, they wrote to DoI Minister Tim Crookall asking for an explanation, but that they had not received a response.
Its statement added: 'Given the promises of action that emanated from the members of this Government in the 2021 election, the Green Party hopes that the Government will now take decisive action to end the licence in its entirety upon the expiry of the extension, and immediately commence the much needed investment in renewable energy.'


text:
Visualizing How Our Brains Make Visual Meaning of Our World
Posted by The Situationist Staff on December 26, 2012
Information designer Tom Wujec talks through three areas of the brain that help us understand words, images, feelings, connections. In this short talk from TEDU, he asks: How can we best engage our brains to help us better understand big ideas?
Related Situationist posts:
- The Situation of Human Vision
- Beau Lotto on the Situation of Sight,
- The Situation of Sight,
- Brain Magic,
- Magic is in the Mind, and
- The Situation of Illusion
Click here for a collection of posts on illusion.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Why is seed source important
Many British native trees have been growing in the UK for over 8,000 years. During that time they have become well adapted to their local growing conditions, i.e. the climate, altitude and soil fertility. Seed collected from these trees will therefore produce the most suitable progeny for planting back into that locality when compared to using plants from continental Europe for example. For many years, plant specifiers have not asked enough questions regarding the source of the nursery stock they are planting. Much of the stock used to plant native woodlands has come from unsuitable sources outside the UK.
Local provenance - What does it mean? Why is it important?
The Forestry Commission has divided the UK into four Regions of Provenance; 10, 20, 30 and 40. These are then subdivided into 'local seed zone provenances' as shown on the Forestry Commission seed zone map. The local provenance boundaries are mainly based on natural boundaries formed by geological and climatic features of the UK. Maelor Forest Nurseries Ltd has been a key player in promoting the use of British seed sources, and endeavours to supply planting stock from as wide a range of UK provenances as possible each year. We recommend the use of the Forestry Commission's map of Seed Collection Areas (see below) and the associated table of native species to be encouraged in each zone. These are published in Forestry Commission Practice Note no. 8 and are helpful when choosing the right species for the right location. At Maelor, our seed collections are batched according to these areas. Plant specifiers should use the map as a tool for describing to nurserymen the provenance from which they wish to buy stock. The seed zone identity numbers shown on the map are listed in our catalogue against each batch of native plants.
There are a number of reasons for using local provenance stock for native woodland creation purposes:
Improved survival rates and productivity
Trees grown from British seed sources are able to withstand British weather conditions. Generations of trees living and reproducing in one location results in the trees adapting to expect, and thrive on, the local prevailing amount of rain, warmth, light etc. Trees subjected to a differing climate than their genetic origin has programmed them for will probably be less productive than local provenance trees, if indeed they even survive.
Protection of Environment and Wildlife
If a tree from Italy, France or even the south of England is planted in Scotland it is likely to flush (open buds) much earlier than the existing local trees, as its genetics require a much shorter cold period to convince it that winter is over and spring has begun than the local trees do. Differences like this will have knock on effects, for example the wrong amounts or types of food or shelter may be available at critical times of year. Leaves, flowers or fruits may not develop in time for when local insects or animals require them, or may develop too early and be damaged e.g. by late frosts.
Conservation of genetic material
Importing of European tree sources has resulted in hybridisation of tree genetics which could result in significant changes to the aesthetics and ecology of our landscape, for example there are very few native black poplar left in the UK - virtually all poplar seeds contain either hybrid or entirely introduced genetics.
As the UK's climate alters the trees that have adapted well to the previous weather patterns may begin to struggle! Woodland management approaches are altering; creating productive woodlands for the future will probably be best achieved by planting a carefully considered variety of species and provenances.
Effects of climate change on tree planting
Global climate change is widely accepted - wetter, warmer winters are predicted in the UK coupled with hotter drier summers, in the near future. Although this pattern hasn't been clearly seen in recent summers or winters, it is apparent that the UK weather is changing.
Concerns over the productivity of British woodlands in the future British climate have led to much debate and consultation regarding the sourcing of planting stock, and research is currently underway regarding this topic. The overriding conclusion seems to be that we cannot predict the future weather, and the only prediction we can make is that we expect more frequent and more extreme weather events.
The recurring ideas regarding insurance against a changing climate seem to include:
- Plant species mixtures - not all species will be affected to the same extent and some will be much more tolerant to varying conditions than others. The range of tolerance of any given species is important to be aware of, as extreme weather events (e.g. sharp winter frosts / storms or summer heatwaves/ droughts / floods) may end the survival of some species that previously survived in Britain.
- Provenance mixtures will provide some insurance, however tree species should be well matched to site conditions, e.g. trees from southern provenances may suffer frost damage in spring if planted on a more northerly site. The actual characteristics of the planting site must be considered, i.e. altitude, climate and even aspect when selecting planting stock. A damp north-westerly facing slope may suit an entirely different provenance or species than a warm dry south-easterly facing slope in a nearby location.
Provenance is everything when selecting planting stock, whether it is for native woodland creation or commercial timber production. Plant buyers should be fully aware of the characteristics of their site and their requirements, and request the most suitably sourced stock from nurseries to achieve maximum productivity in the long run. Forestry Commission bulletin 124 An Ecological Site Classification for Forestry in Great Britain (2001), by G. Pyatt, D. Ray and J. Fletcher is applicable to all types of woodland. It matches key site factors including soil classification with the ecological requirements of different tree species / woodland communities, and is a useful forest planning tool for a wide range of management objectives.
Where are our trees sourced from?
We produce the majority of our broadleaf stock from our own seed collections in all corners of the UK; we are therefore always on the look out for new seed collectors and new sites to collect seed from. If you are interested in collecting seed, or are a landowner or manager with a native woodland or large hedgerow that may be suitable for seed collections, then please contact Kirsty Brown by emailing _EMAIL_ or telephoning 01948 710606. Rates of pay for seed collections / landownership royalties on asking.
Our coniferous stock for productive commercial forestry is propagated or raised from the very best genetic material. Seed is obtained from seed orchards or specific stands with desirable characteristics. We are keeping up to date with current thinking and keeping aware of plans for forestry in the future, and selecting our seed sources accordingly to produce stock that will achieve the maximum possible productivity throughout its lifetime, even in the face of a changing climate. Our seed sourcing extends beyond the UK and we have links with companies across Europe and North America, this network allows our seed to be sourced from the best the world has to offer for a given species.
Seed Testing Station
Maelor Forest Nurseries has been appointed as an official facilty to carry out statutory seed testing in Great Britain. This allows us to carry out official tests on seed for sale.
View Our Seed Testing Authorisation Certificate
(Authorisation extended until December 2016, pending recertification)


How To Create A Single Source Of Truth For Your Customer Data
Your sales, marketing, customer success, and entire customer-facing operation is only as good as your data.
Creating a single source of truth for your customer data is the first step to good customer data management. It's the key to making your tools and teams work together because it offers a single data set that everyone can work off in the company. This includes non-customer facing teams who also manage customer data like product, finance, operations, and so on.
A single source of truth also enables better customer experiences. By having the full context on every person and company in one place, you can be more personal and relevant without continuing to "ask again". A single source of truth enables personalization at scale (discussed in Part 6 of The Complete Guide to Customer Data).
With a more contextual, more relevant experience, your entire customer-facing operation can become more efficient. Sales, marketing, customer success - everyone - can reach the right person with the right content at the right time. Complete context empowers sales reps to reach out and be relevant when they might otherwise not, marketing to precisely personalize content, and so on.
single source of truth
In the third chapter of The Complete Guide to Customer Data, we'll show you our framework for unifying, cleansing & distilling data to create your single customer view.
 - Map the identity graph of your data sources
 - Choose a tool to build your single customer view
 - Cleanse your customer data
 - Define fallback strategies
 - Create your "golden customer record"
The Complete Guide to Customer Data
Lesson #1: Why you have no "single source of truth"
In reality, your customer data is comprised of lots of data sources. There are many "sources of truth".
Data sources are often siloed in different tools owned by different teams. Like missing pieces of a jigsaw, it's impossible to create a single source of truth from siloed data. Sales tools don't easily integrate web or product analytics data. Marketing tools don't easily integrate subscription data. You need to have a complete, unified profile of every person and company that has ever interacted with your brand.
Second, data is often messy and "unusable" out of the box:
 - User-entered data through forms can have errors
 - Form data often has open text fields (which needs a human to sift through)
 - Data enrichment providers can sometimes send inconsistent data
 - Sales reps entering and editing data in a CRM can sometimes be inconsistent too 🙂
The challenge isn't just unifying and cleansing all your customer data. It's making sense of many disparate data sources. Data sources often compete for providing identical or synonymous data about a person or company. Some of them are "truer" (what is truth?) than others, in being more precise, more up-to-date, or more consistent.
Finally, you need the logic for this to all run in as close to real-time as possible. Since data updates all the time, so does the context that every tool and team needs. Marketing tools and sales reps also need to take action "in the moment", and so they need a persistent "source of truth" profile to pull from — unifying, cleansing and organizing data then syncing it straight into the end tools where they are needed.
The goal is everywhere tool to be "true", so your teams can trust and depend on your data instead of guess around it.
golden customer record
Lesson #2: Map the identity graph of your data sources
In the previous two parts of *The Complete Guide to Customer Data*, you've outlined your customer data model to identify your ideal customers and you've mapped your entire customer journey to build a tracking plan and attribution model. This included outlining the data sources you need to store the attributes and track every event.
Merging on name is highly unreliable (how many Joe Bloggs can there be?) so most tools use other methods.
Each of these data sources uses an identifier. These often take some form of ID (like a database ID) and email for a person and domain for a company. The ID is to give a constant, never-changing identifier since it is possible identifiers like email addresses and domains can change or don't truly reflect one person or company.
 - A lead might request a demo with a professional email (e.g. but be subscribed to your newsletter via freemail address (e.g.
 - Most website visitors do not pass an email address to you, so you only have some web session id to identify them
 - Companies corporate and "marketing" website domains can be different
 - Companies may be part of a larger group, so the domain name doesn't reflect the company
Without a stable identifier, you cannot match your data together. This causes duplicate contacts and accounts in one tool, which can result in duplicate profiles or dropped data across all your tools.
For each of your data sources that you are using to track your customer journey, enrich your customer data model to identify ideal customers, and manage your key contact data, you need to map and outline their identifiers. You will find this most often in their API documentation for their contacts and for accounts.
Data Source Person-level Identifiers
HubSpot vid, email
Salesforce Id, email
Clearbit email
Your own backend SQL database
You'll notice most services have a form of id as a primary identifier. This is the strongest identifier and should be prioritized.
In the same way, as you need a stable identifier within each of your tools, you need a stable identifier to associate known identifiers altogether. This may be one of your tools existing identifiers, or an identifier you create in your product database, customer data platform, or data warehouse.
identity resolution stable ID
Lesson #3: Choose the tool to build your single customer view (and its owner)
With all your identifiers mapped together, you can have a method to join data together from all your different sources. This enables you to create a single customer view.
Your single customer view should show everything you know about a person and everything they've ever done, according to all your tools, tracking, and databases - ever.
You need to choose a tool to host your master identifier, unify all your customer data together, and become the "single source of truth" for all your other tools. This is all one and the same. There are four common places this happens:
 - CRM systems
 - Marketing automation
 - Customer data platform
 - Data warehouse
Single customer view in your CRM system
CRMs like Salesforce can be used to provide a single customer view. They're a popular choice because they tend to have strong integration ecosystems to feed the data in (because sales need it) and support reporting capabilities too.
However, most CRM technology dates from last decade weren't built to ingest the huge volumes of data that modern teams use today -- data such as event data from your backend database, web session data from your own website and beyond, and large sets of enriched and computed attributes.
They often have limits to the format or amount of data you can store (without paying significantly more), the number of API calls you can send (making it difficult to stream event data) and can be harder to run data engineer tasks on. This limits the ability to build a single customer view, and run full funnel reporting from your CRM.
Single customer view in your marketing automation platform
Marketing automation platforms like HubSpot, Marketo, and Pardot can also be used to provide a single customer view. They're built for a higher volume of contacts and people, including website data. They also have strong integration ecosystems like other tools.
However, the data models in marketing automation platforms can be limiting. Anonymous website traffic is one of the largest groups of people and companies that have interacted with your brand, but most marketing automation platforms only manage simple website tracking, and you can only associate "known" people and companies if they convert in that session. Product usage data, custom data objects (like in Salesforce) are also challenging to create and manage in their data models. This limits your ability to build a single customer view.
Marketing automation platforms are often best for using data to engage leads vs. managing lead and customer data themselves. This means they tend to have easy to use tools, to build segments, create automated workflows, and so on. This simplicity makes them more accessible to more people to manage their data.
Single customer view in your customer data platform
Customer data platforms like Hull are designed to unify and sync your customer data, not manage tools for sales reps or creating marketing campaigns. They automatically map all your identifiers, making it possible to aggregate data from all your data sources (including data that's been historically difficult for marketers to access, like all anonymous website traffic and product usage data from your backend) into one single customer view.
Customer data platforms host a master identifier to associate all your data and outline your identity resolution strategy to create a unified profile. This enables you to manage your data layer in one place instead of the advanced settings of your CRM, marketing automation, and everywhere else in your martech stack.
However, customer data platforms add an additional tool to your stack. If your team, toolset, and customer data is small and simple, you may find it simpler and more straightforward to use one of your other key tools (like a CRM or marketing automation platform) instead of adding another moving part.
Tools need owners too. Customer data platforms work "behind the scenes". In smaller companies, it may be the sales or marketing manager who line manages the teams also owns the tools and data. In scaling companies, this can be divided - management of people vs. management of data - and a customer data platform might become a preferred tool of choice for the data operations layer as your company matures


text:
Job Title: Airbus/Bell Helicopter Maintenance Technician
We are seeking a skilled and experienced Airbus/Bell Helicopter Maintenance Technician to join our team of aviation professionals. As a Maintenance Technician, you will play a crucial role in ensuring the airworthiness and safety of our fleet of helicopters. Your primary responsibilities will include performing periodical inspections, identifying and repairing discrepancies, and maintaining accurate documentation of maintenance procedures.
- Conduct thorough and precise inspections of Airbus and Bell helicopters, identifying any maintenance or repair needs.
- Perform maintenance tasks and repairs in accordance with established procedures and manuals.
- Research and order necessary parts to facilitate timely repairs and maintenance.
- Collaborate with Lead Technicians and other team members to ensure effective communication and task completion.
- Ensure that all repair and installation activities fall within the authority of the repair station and comply with regulatory standards.
- Handle all parts and components with care throughout the repair process, maintaining their integrity and quality.
- Maintain a clean and organized work environment within the shop premises.
- Adhere to safety protocols and contribute to a culture of safety within the maintenance team.
- Minimum of three years of hands-on experience in Airbus and Bell helicopter maintenance.
- Proficiency in reading, comprehending, and executing maintenance manual procedures.
- Strong research skills to identify and source necessary parts and components.
- Ability to work independently as a self-starter and effectively contribute within a team environment.
- Excellent communication skills to coordinate tasks and share insights with Lead Technicians and colleagues.
- Detail-oriented mindset with a focus on accuracy and precision.
- Knowledge of inspection, modification, and flight line duties for helicopters.
- Relevant certifications and licenses in aircraft maintenance are a plus.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The smoke transmitter is a tool for subduing bees by erupting smoke.
There are many kinds of fuel used in the smoke transmitter.
Any material that burns slowly and produces large amounts of non-toxic smoke to the bees can be used as fuel for the smoke pump (recommended smoke bombs, which do no harm to bees).
Bee smoker transmitter kit is also known as a smoke fumigation machine, used to subdue or drive bees.
The bees will suck up a lot of honey and occurs avoidance behavior. After abdomen filled with honey, the bee is not easy to sting so that a bee sting so they become docile. The smoke transmitter is composed of two main parts: a chimney and a bellows.


text:
Wiki: The Pine Processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) is a moth of the family Thaumetopoeidae. It is sometimes placed in the genus Traumatocampa. It is an abundant species of pine woods in central and southern Europe, and an important economic pest. The species is notable for the behaviour of its caterpillar larvae, which overwinter in tent-like nests high in pine trees, and which process through the woods in nose-to-tail columns..
source: Caterpillar caravan


What is dyne per square inch (unit)
Dyne per square inch is a pressure measurement unit
A dyne per square inch (dyn/in²) is a unit of pressure where a force of one dyne (dyn) is applied to an area of one square inch.OT?
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.529734123 × 10-7 atmosphere
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.0001162597933 torr
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0._PHONE_ millitorr
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.0001162597933 millimeter of mercury
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.001580563516 millimeter of water
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 4.577157218 × 10-6 inch of mercury
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 6.22269101 × 10-5 inch of water
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.00015500031 millibar
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = _PHONE_ × 10-7 bar
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.015500031 pascal
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.00015500031 hectopascal
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = _PHONE_ × 10-5 kilopascal
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = _PHONE_ × 10-8 megapascal
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.5500031000062 × 10-26 newton per picometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.5500031000062 × 10-22 newton per angstrom²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.5500031000062 × 10-20 newton per nanometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.5500031000062 × 10-14 newton per micron²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.5500031000062 × 10-14 newton per micrometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = _PHONE_ × 10-8 newton per millimeter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = _PHONE_ × 10-6 newton per centimeter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.00015500031 newton per decimeter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.015500031 newton per meter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = _PHONE_ newton per dekameter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 15 500.031 newtons per kilometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 2.248089434 × 10-6 pound-force per inch²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.0003237248786 pound-force per foot²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 3.4845455925321 × 10-27 pound-force per picometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 3.4845455925321 × 10-23 pound-force per angstrom²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 3.4845455925321 × 10-21 pound-force per nanometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 3.4845455925321 × 10-15 pound-force per micron²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 3.4845455925321 × 10-15 pound-force per micrometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 3.484545592 × 10-9 pound-force per millimeter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 3.484545592 × 10-7 pound-force per centimeter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 3.484545592 × 10-5 pound-force per decimeter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.003484545592 pound-force per meter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0._PHONE_ pound-force per dekameter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 3 484.54559 pounds-force per kilometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0._PHONE_ pound-force per are
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 34._PHONE_ pounds-force per hectare
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 34._PHONE_ pounds-force per hectometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 11 _PHONE_ pounds-force per nautical mile²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.0 × 10-5 newton per inch²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0.00144 newton per foot²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.5500031000062 × 10-21 dyne per picometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.5500031000062 × 10-17 dyne per angstrom²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.5500031000062 × 10-15 dyne per nanometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = _PHONE_ × 10-9 dyne per micron²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = _PHONE_ × 10-9 dyne per micrometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0._PHONE_ dyne per millimeter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0._PHONE_ dyne per centimeter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 0._PHONE_ barye
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 15.500031 dynes per decimeter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = _PHONE_ dynes per meter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 155 000.31 dynes per dekameter²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1 550 003 100 dynes per kilometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 155 000.31 dynes per are
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 15 500 031 dynes per hectare
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 15 500 031 dynes per hectometer²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 5 316 361 833 dynes per nautical mile²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.0 × 10-12 dyne per microinch²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.0 × 10-6 dyne per mil²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.0 × 10-6 dyne per thou²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 144 dynes per foot²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 6 272 640 dynes per acre
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 4 014 489 600 dynes per mile²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1 296 dynes per yard²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 5 184 dynes per fathom²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 627 264 dynes per chain²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 62 726 400 dynes per furlong²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 3.4688329895236 × 10+25 dynes per astronomical unit²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.3872775375774 × 10+35 dynes per light year²
 - TT?1 dyne per inch² = 1.4758234466616 × 10+36 dynes per parsec²
Foods, Nutrients and Calories
HOMESTYLE PREMIUM POPCORN, UPC: 023896177939 contain(s) 406 calories per 100 grams or ≈3.527 ounces [ calories | price ]
Campesterol food sources
Gravels, Substances and Oils
Substrate, Clay/Laterite density is equal to 1019 kg/m³ or 63.614 lb/ft³ with specific gravity of 1.019 relative to pure water.
Antimony trioxide, valentinite (Sb2O3) weigh(s) 5.67 gram per (cubic centimeter) or 3.277 ounce per (cubic inch).[...]
Volume to weightweight to volume and cost conversions for Engine Oil, SAE 0W-30 with temperature in the range of 0°C (32°F) to 100°C (212°F)
Weights and Measurements
Dekagray is a derived metric (SI) measurement unit of absorbed radiation dose of ionizing radiation, e.g[...]
 The units of data measurement were introduced to manage and operate digital information.[...]


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Groundwater hydrology todd pdf saline water has a higher mineral content than freshwater, it is denser and has a higher water pressure. As a result, saltwater can push inland beneath the freshwater. Water extraction drops the level of fresh groundwater, reducing its water pressure and allowing saltwater to flow further inland.
At the coastal margin, fresh groundwater flowing from inland areas meets with saline groundwater from the ocean. The fresh groundwater flows from inland areas towards the coast where elevation and groundwater levels are lower. Hydraulic head refers to the liquid pressure exerted by a water column: a water column with higher hydraulic head will move into a water column with lower hydraulic head, if the columns are connected. The higher pressure and density of saltwater causes it to move into coastal aquifers in a wedge shape under the freshwater. Ordinarily the inland extent of the saltwater wedge is limited because fresh groundwater levels, or the height of the freshwater column, increases as land elevation gets higher.
Groundwater is the main source of drinking water in many coastal areas of the United States, and extraction has increased over time. Under baseline conditions, the inland extent of saltwater is limited by higher pressure exerted by the freshwater column, owing to its higher elevation. Groundwater extraction can also lead to well contamination by causing upwelling, or upcoming, of saltwater from the depths of the aquifer. Under baseline conditions, a saltwater wedge extends inland, underneath the freshwater because of its higher density. Water supply wells located over or near the saltwater wedge can draw the saltwater upward, creating a saltwater cone that might reach and contaminate the well.


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Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) is a high-performance green cloud solution with a strong focus on sustainability. A high-density computing environment powered by renewable resources, OCI aligns with the circular economy to support a clean cloud solution. A suite of advanced technology tools on OCI also enables customers to develop innovative solutions and reduce their environmental impact.
Our global footprint of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) data centers delivers a sustainable computing platform that's efficient, renewable, and aligned with the circular economy. Achieve your sustainability goals and reduce your environmental impact by moving workloads to OCI. Drive sustainability across your organization with the tools to plan, track, and measure your success.
OCI is committed to building a clean cloud and providing technologies to enable a sustainable future.
of OCI data centers in Europe are powered by renewable energy
of OCI Gen2 global energy usage was renewable in 2022
We recycled and reused 99.7%of retired hardware
Learn more about OCI's environmental performance.
Our commitment to providing a clean cloud solution spans OCI's business operations. A clean cloud environment that runs on renewable energy is our foundation, and we use the principles of the circular economy to consolidate and optimize our IT infrastructure while delivering advanced technologies, such as AI and blockchain, to help organizations reduce their environmental impact, measure progress, and achieve their sustainability goals.
Beyond its inherent business benefits, the cloud offers a more sustainable alternative for companies looking to minimize their environmental impact. Oracle manages and maintains a very dense computing environment, attaining much higher utilization rates than an organization can achieve with an on-premises system. OCI provides an elastic computing platform that can grow dynamically with an organization as needed, eliminating excess capacity builds to meet future demand.
Oracle Cloud further reduces its environmental footprint by leveraging state-of-the-art cooling and energy efficiency technologies at our green data centers. For example, in Europe, Oracle Cloud data centers are powered using 100% renewable energy. Our goal is to achieve 100% renewable energy use in all our OCI data centers by 2025.
A key tenet of the circular economy is to decouple physical assets from the services they provide. Individuals or organizations don't necessarily need to physically own computing hardware, they just need to have the ability to compute. The cloud contributes to the circular economy in the following ways:
To reduce an organization's environmental impact, measurement is critical. Oracle's risk and performance management solutions enable you to measure, manage, and report on your sustainability initiatives with environmental data that is comprehensive, auditable, and timely.
Sustainability analytics improve environmental data collection and comply with global regulations.
Oracle's sustainability solutions enable organizations to design more environmentally friendly products, source materials responsibly, and manufacture and transport products in a sustainable way. Oracle's Internet of Things provides data-driven insight to help reduce environmental impacts while saving costs and delivering even higher levels of service. Oracle also has programs for taking products back at the end of their useful life.
Customers are leveraging advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and blockchain to reduce their overall environmental impact and achieve sustainability goals. From ensuring ethical supply chains in cobalt mining for electric vehicle batteries to using machine learning (ML) to realize larger crop yields, advanced technologies help customers achieve their sustainability goals.
Jonathan Hay, Principal Program Manager, Oracle
Alex Cruft, Principal Program Manager, Oracle
Powering Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) with 100% renewable energy by 2025 is an aggressive goal, one we firmly stand behind it. Taking care of our planet can no longer be an afterthought or something companies talk about purely for publicity.Read the full article
Responsible sourcing, continuous improvement, and waste elimination.
Capture sensor data from IoT devices to enable sustainable manufacturing.
Tools to help you take environmental impacts into consideration during the design stage.
Our take-back program enables us to recover and recycle returned equipment.
Build supply chains and select suppliers based on sustainability-related criteria.
Blockchain brings new levels of trust to your business transactions.
Learn more about Oracle's other sustainability initiatives.


MPs should get free vote on murder law reform, says lord chief justice
Lord Judge says the law leaves some with a sense of injustice after a report criticises mandatory life sentences for murder
A guard unlocks a prison cell
Mandatory life sentences for murder were introduced in 1965 to replace the death penalty. Photograph: Halfdark/Getty Images/fStop
MPs should be given a free vote on reform of the murder laws, the lord chief justice has urged in response to calls for an end to mandatory life sentences for the offence.
Conceding that the law was "fiendishly difficult" and that some people were left with a sense of injustice, Lord Judge said that a review of the legislation might reduce demands for automatic sentences to be scrapped.
His comments were made in the wake of a report by the Homicide Review Advisory Group, which included judges, academics and former QCs, that warned that neither mandatory sentences nor the system for setting minimum terms were acceptable. So-called mercy killings, the study noted, attract the same mandatory life penalty as serial killings.
Speaking at the Royal Courts of Justice in central London, Judge said: "If the whole law of murder were looked at, that might very well address the question of whether or not those who are asking for the automatic sentence to be removed would have their biggest concerns allayed.
"What I would like, first of all, is the law must keep in step with public opinion. There has to be a balance between the law we have and what the public regards as an appropriate law.
"The second is, I would like, if the matter ever got to parliament, for it to be dealt with by way of a free vote so that members of parliament could vote in accordance with their consciences. That's a wish.
"It's sometimes felt that the complications leave, in the long run, a sense of injustice about how an individual case is fitted into the framework overall.
"I would have thought myself that a careful reform, or consideration of reform of the law of murder, might reduce the call for the automatic sentence to be removed."
He added: "I'm not actually expressing a view either way whether more people should be caught or fewer people should be caught. What I'm saying is it's fiendishly difficult.
"For everyone who says no automatic life imprisonment, there's another who says capital punishment," he said.
In its report, the Homicide Review Advisory Group called for sentencing for murder to become discretionary. The indefinite and misleading nature of life sentences, it said, was both unjust and incomprehensible – some resulting in a life behind bars, and others not.
The mandatory life sentence replaced the death penalty in 1965. The group said it had been brought in as a compromise to ensure the abolition of the death penalty made its way through both Houses of Parliament.
The starting point for a minimum term to be served for less serious murders is 15 years. Having served their term, offenders are released on life licence, but can be recalled to prison at any time if they breach its terms.
The time has come, the report said, to move to fixed sentences for murder so that the exact circumstances of offences can be properly reflected by the courts. The report comes after research published last October showed there was no evidence of widespread support for mandatory life sentences for murder. Fewer than one person in five believed that sentencing cases of murder was "about right", the study found.
The report authors and law professors Barry Mitchell and Julian Roberts said serious consideration should be given to using mandatory life sentences for "particularly serious cases" only.
Mitchell, from Coventry University, and Oxford University's Roberts said they wanted to test the assumption that anything less than automatic indefinite jail terms would undermine public confidence in the criminal justice system.
Their study, funded by the charity the Nuffield Foundation, found that the public had limited understanding of how convicted murderers were sentenced.
In particular, the vast majority of people wrongly assumed the murder rate in England and Wales had increased over the past decade, when it had actually begun to decline.
And a big proportion of those surveyed underestimated the length of time that most murderers spend in prison before being released on life licence.
A Ministry of Justice spokesman said: "We have no plans to abolish the mandatory life sentence for murder. The most serious crimes deserve the most serious sentences."


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3D CRS with global optimization
Author: Yujiang Xie
Download: 3D CRS with global optimization
The software introduced three optimization algorithms to simultaneously search the 3D ZO CRS attributes, which includes the particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA) and the Powell conjugate direction (PCD) algorithm as well. The PSO used in this software is contributed by Shi and Eberhart (1998), and the codes are developed by Lucas. The GA codes are obtained from Google, and being incorporated into 3D ZO CRS by Lucas. The PCD codes are taken from the Numerical Recipes in C. Cambridge, and modified by Lucas for the 3D ZO CRS attribute search. Based on our tests, the PCD is performed well for non-smooth objective function, but might be failed in the objective semblance function which is data dependent and also might have much local maxima. The challenge of the PCD method incorporated into the 3D ZO CRS attribute search is to calculate the step length in each conjugate direction, further 3D work can focus on this. In 2D CRS case, the Coarse Grid Search (CGS) is proposed by Philipp Witte to find a close-by, relatively large maximum before the Powell method, but the CGS method is impossible to extend to 3D ZO CRS situation with eight-dimensional space.
The software has to change the initialization and constrained search space for your data set. In case you use the PSO method, the file named lucassearch8.cpp, with line 279-295 should alter the initial points with your preference. In this case, I use the midpoint in the search space to initialize for each ZO sample, but you can choose randomly initial values or the same value for all ZO samples. If you choose the GA as your algorithm, in the file named lucassearch81.cpp, the initial condition in the function initialize (int&seed), should change, such as from line 421 to 439, you have to reset your search space here.The PCD codes are more complicated, in principle, it can be used for global search, but the software designed here only consider a local optimization with guiding values from initial attributes. We have not found a good way to perform global search with the PCD method in the 3D CRS case. The usage of the software is easy as the old 3D ZO CRS software, just change the mode with different methods, more details see the source files.
- Xie, Y. and Gajewski, D. 3D ZO CRS attribute search using particle swarm optimization, WIT meeting 2016.
- Xie, Y. and Gajewski, D. Automatic estimation of the 3D CRS attributes by a metaheuristic-based optimization, EAGE,2016.
- Numerical Recipes. The Art of Scientific Computing, 3rd Edition, 2007, ISBN 0-521-88068-8. (C++ code).
- Shi, Y. and Eberhart, R. C. (1998). "A modified particle swarm optimizer". Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation. pp. 69-73.
- Holland, J. (1975). Adaption In Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
- Powell, M. J. D. (1964). "An efficient method for finding the minimum of a function of several variables without calculating derivatives". Computer Journal 7 (2): 155-162.
- Witte, P. (2014). Optimization of the Semblance in Seismic Processing, Master's Thesis, University of Hamburg
3D CRS with pragmatic approach
Author: Nils Alexander Müller
Download: 3D CRS with pragmatic approach
2D CRS with global optimization
Author: Jan Walda
Download: 2D CRS with global optimization
CRS based software, that handles conflicting dips by stacking over angle ranges defined by the user. The user can choose between three global optimization methods, Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Additionally the best found solution is furthermore improved locally by a simplex method introduced by Nelder and Mead in 1965. The Code is based on the CRS implementation by Juergen Mann and modified by Jan Walda. The genetic algorithm implementation is based on initial work by Benjamin Schwarz. A guide makefile can be found in the documention.
The code is parallelized. It requires a script to be run after optimizartion named "cat_search.sh" or in case of supergathers "cat_supergather.sh". The script requires 3 parameters, first is the basename (same as in Makefile) the second is the number of conflcting dips and the third one is the first index which is usually 0. Results after the script have the extension "*.su". Sections without "_" are taken from the operator with the highest coherence, so they are similar to the sections you might have used from the original code by Juergen Mann. The sections with "_" are the individual sections for each dip range specified by the "angleboundaries" option when executing the program.
- Nelder, J. A., & Mead, R. (1965). A simplex method for function minimization. The computer journal, 7(4), 308-313.
- Whitley, Darrell. "A genetic algorithm tutorial." Statistics and computing 4.2 (1994): 65-85.
- Das, Swagatam, and Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan. "Differential evolution: a survey of the state-of-the-art." Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on 15.1 (2011): 4-31.
- Kennedy, James. "Particle swarm optimization." Encyclopedia of Machine Learning. Springer US, 2010. 760-766.
- Jan Walda* and Dirk Gajewski (2015) Common-reflection-surface stack improvement by differential evolution and conflicting dip processing. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015: pp. 3842-3847.doi: 10.1190/segam2015-_PHONE_.


Willy Spühler
Spühler, Willy (vĭlˈē shpüˈlər) [key], 1902–, Swiss political leader and economist. He held several government economic posts and served (1938–59) in the federal assembly. In 1959 he became a member of the federal council, the Swiss executive branch, and served as minister of transport, communications, and power (1959–65) and as minister of foreign affairs (1966–70). He served two one-year terms (1963, 1968) as president of Switzerland.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Swiss History: Biographies


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A post by Jasmine Pui at History Today discusses a new online tool for economic analysis of the Roman Empire:
A recently launched online interactive research source, ORBIS, the Stanford Geospatial Network Model of the Roman World, has made it possible to analyse data about the Roman Empire in new ways that reveal the fragility of Roman communication and freight systems. Conventional maps are often unable to capture the environmental constraints that govern the flows of people, goods and information. Museum and ancient sites usually include titbits of information about the wide-ranging origins of artefacts, hinting at the relative cost of goods and labour in the Roman era, but factors such as sailing times and inland routes for freight cannot be precisely revealed through archaeological finds, Roman coins, taxation records or riot reports.
The first resource of its kind, ORBIS offers comprehensive graphic tools to portray the transport and communication infrastructure that underpinned the Roman Empire's existence. By typing in a starting point, destination, an imagined weight of goods to transport and the time of year, the site shows whether such a movement would have been feasible and at what cost. Studying movement during the course of the empire's existence suggests it was far more difficult to hold an empire together than to expand one. There are few scenarios where marching and conquering is not easier and less costly than moving goods and slaves between regions. Cost, rather than distance, was the principal determinant of connectivity in the Roman world.
ORBIS is based on a simplified version of the giant network of cities, roads, rivers and sea lanes that framed movement across the Roman Empire. The Stanford team has relied on data such as historical tide and weather information, size and grade of road surfaces and an average walking distance of 30 kilometres per day. Hundreds of cities, ports and routes, vehicle speeds for ships, ox carts and horses, as well as the variable cost of transport have been logged. The data mainly focuses on the period around AD 200, when Septimius Severus expanded control of Africa and Roman power was at one of its peaks.


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One of the primary jobs of Pyramid is to find and invoke a view callable when a request reaches your application. View callables are bits of code which do something interesting in response to a request made to your application.
A Pyramid view callable is often referred to in conversational shorthand as a view. In this documentation, however, we need to use less ambiguous terminology because there are significant differences between view configuration, the code that implements a view callable, and the process of view lookup.
The URL Dispatch, and Traversal chapters describes how, using information from the request, a context resource is computed. But the context resource itself isn't very useful without an associated view callable. A view callable returns a response to a user, often using the context resource to do so.
The job of actually locating and invoking the "best" view callable is the job of the view lookup subsystem. The view lookup subsystem compares the resource supplied by resource location and information in the request against view configuration statements made by the developer to choose the most appropriate view callable for a specific set of circumstances.
This chapter describes how view callables work. In the View Configuration chapter, there are details about performing view configuration, and a detailed explanation of view lookup.
View callables are, at the risk of sounding obvious, callable Python objects. Specifically, view callables can be functions, classes, or instances that implement an __call__ method (making the instance callable).
View callables must, at a minimum, accept a single argument named request. This argument represents a Pyramid Request object. A request object encapsulates a WSGI environment provided to Pyramid by the upstream WSGI server. As you might expect, the request object contains everything your application needs to know about the specific HTTP request being made.
A view callable's ultimate responsibility is to create a Pyramid Response object. This can be done by creating the response object in the view callable code and returning it directly, as we will be doing in this chapter. However, if a view callable does not return a response itself, it can be configured to use a renderer that converts its return value into a Response object. Using renderers is the common way that templates are used with view callables to generate markup. See the Renderers chapter for details.
One of the easiest way to define a view callable is to create a function that accepts a single argument named request, and which returns a Response object. For example, this is a "hello world" view callable implemented as a function:
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from pyramid.response import Response def hello_world(request): return Response('Hello world!')
A view callable may also be represented by a Python class instead of a function. When a view callable is a class, the calling semantics are slightly different than when it is a function or another non-class callable. When a view callable is a class, the class' __init__ is called with a request parameter. As a result, an instance of the class is created. Subsequently, that instance's __call__ method is invoked with no parameters. Views defined as classes must have the following traits:
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from pyramid.response import Response class MyView(object): def __init__(self, request): self.request = request def __call__(self): return Response('hello')
The request object passed to __init__ is the same type of request object described in Defining a View Callable as a Function.
If you'd like to use a different attribute than __call__ to represent the method expected to return a response, you can either:
Usually, view callables are defined to accept only a single argument: request. However, view callables may alternately be defined as classes, functions, or any callable that accept two positional arguments: a context resource as the first argument and a request as the second argument.
The following types work as view callables in this style:
Functions that accept two arguments: context, and request, e.g.:
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from pyramid.response import Response def view(context, request): return Response('OK')
Classes that have an __init__ method that accepts context, request and a __call__ which accepts no arguments, e.g.:
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from pyramid.response import Response class view(object): def __init__(self, context, request): self.context = context self.request = request def __call__(self): return Response('OK')
Arbitrary callables that have a __call__ method that accepts context, request, e.g.:
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from pyramid.response import Response class View(object): def __call__(self, context, request): return Response('OK') view = View() # this is the view callable
This style of calling convention is most useful for traversal based applications, where the context object is frequently used within the view callable code itself.
No matter which view calling convention is used, the view code always has access to the context via request.context.
A view callable may always return an object that implements the Pyramid Response interface. The easiest way to return something that implements the Response interface is to return a pyramid.response.Response object instance directly. For example:
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from pyramid.response import Response def view(request): return Response('OK')
You don't need to always use Response to represent a response. Pyramid provides a range of different "exception" classes which can act as response objects too. For example, an instance of the class pyramid.httpexceptions.HTTPFound is also a valid response object (see Using a View Callable to Do an HTTP Redirect). A view can actually return any object that has the following attributes.
These attributes form the notional "Pyramid Response interface".
You can issue an HTTP redirect from within a view by returning a particular kind of response.
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from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPFound def myview(request): return HTTPFound(location='_URL_')
All exception types from the pyramid.httpexceptions module implement the Response interface; any can be returned as the response from a view. See pyramid.httpexceptions for the documentation for the HTTPFound exception; it also includes other response types that imply other HTTP response codes, such as HTTPUnauthorized for 401 Unauthorized.
Although exception types from the pyramid.httpexceptions module are in fact bona fide Python Exception types, the Pyramid view machinery expects them to be returned by a view callable rather than raised.
It is possible, however, in Python 2.5 and above, to configure an exception view to catch these exceptions, and return an appropriate Response. The simplest such view could just catch and return the original exception. See Exception Views for more details.
Usually when a Python exception is raised within a view callable, Pyramid allows the exception to propagate all the way out to the WSGI server which invoked the application.
However, for convenience, two special exceptions exist which are always handled by Pyramid itself. These are pyramid.exceptions.NotFound and pyramid.exceptions.Forbidden. Both are exception classes which accept a single positional constructor argument: a message.
In all cases, the message provided to the exception constructor is made available to the view which Pyramid invokes as request.exception.args.
The machinery which allows the special NotFound and Forbidden exceptions to be caught by specialized views as described in Using Special Exceptions In View Callables can also be used by application developers to convert arbitrary exceptions to responses.
To register a view that should be called whenever a particular exception is raised from with Pyramid view code, use the exception class or one of its superclasses as the context of a view configuration which points at a view callable you'd like to generate a response.
For example, given the following exception class in a module named helloworld.exceptions:
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class ValidationFailure(Exception): def __init__(self, msg): self.msg = msg
You can wire a view callable to be called whenever any of your other code raises a hellworld.exceptions.ValidationFailure exception:
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from helloworld.exceptions import ValidationFailure _USER_(context=ValidationFailure) def failed_validation(exc, request): response = Response('Failed validation: %s' % exc.msg) response.status_int = 500 return response
Assuming that a scan was run to pick up this view registration, this view callable will be invoked whenever a helloworld.exceptions.ValidationError is raised by your application's view code. The same exception raised by a custom root factory or a custom traverser is also caught and hooked.
Other normal view predicates can also be used in combination with an exception view registration:
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from pyramid.view import view_config from pyramid.exceptions import NotFound from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound _USER_(context=NotFound, route_name='home') def notfound_view(request): return HTTPNotFound()
The above exception view names the route_name of home, meaning that it will only be called when the route matched has a name of home. You can therefore have more than one exception view for any given exception in the system: the "most specific" one will be called when the set of request circumstances match the view registration.
The only view predicate that cannot be used successfully when creating an exception view configuration is name. The name used to look up an exception view is always the empty string. Views registered as exception views which have a name will be ignored.
Normal (i.e., non-exception) views registered against a context resource type which inherits from Exception will work normally. When an exception view configuration is processed, two views are registered. One as a "normal" view, the other as an "exception" view. This means that you can use an exception as context for a normal view.
Exception views


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Take the physics out of the classroom with Sensor Tools
Sideric Sensor Tools is an iPhone app that lets students perform classroom physics experiments using their own smartphones.
Sensor Tools uses inbuilt sensors and internet connectivity to turn the phone into a personal instrument for physics experiments, collaboration, and learning.
Version 1.2 includes two modules:
- Motion Tracking - for capturing, analyzing, and plotting the motion of, e.g., a falling ball or a glider on an air cushion track.
- Light Refraction - for analyzing the refraction of light from one medium to another and determining the index of refraction.


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BENEFICIARIESOrganizations and States
The African Union (AU) is a continental body consisting of the 55 member states that make up the countries of the African Continent. It was officially launched in 2002 as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU, _PHONE_).
The African Union Commission (AUC) is the AU's secretariat and undertakes the day to day activities of the Union. AUC through AU is a co-signatory of the Africa-EU strategic partnership and hence has the ultimate ownership of the programme for SBAS implementation in Africa.
The African Civil Aviation Commission (AFCAC) was created by the Constitutional Conference convened by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the then Organization of African Unity (OAU, now African Union AU) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 1964. AFCAC was fully established and began functioning in 1969 and on 11 May, 1978 became an OAU Specialized Agency in the field of Civil Aviation. AFCAC today comprises 54 African States and is managed through a triennial Plenary (consisting of all member States). The Bureau is made up of a President, 5 Vice-Presidents (representing Northern, Western, Eastern, Central and Southern Africa Regions) and the Coordinator of the African Group at the ICAO Council.
AFCAC has a major role to play concerning technical, legal, and institutional issues related to aviation applications and EGNOS implementation in Africa considering that Aviation is the priority entry point of the Programme. AFCAC is supervising on behalf of AUC the conduct of a continental CBA study and strategy on the implementation of SBAS in Africa.
ICAO is funded and directed by 193 national governments to support their diplomacy and cooperation in air transport as signatory states to the Chicago Convention (1944).
Its core function is to maintain an administrative and expert bureaucracy (the ICAO Secretariat) supporting these diplomatic interactions, and to research new air transport policy and standardization innovations as directed and endorsed by governments through the ICAO Assembly, or by the ICAO Council which the assembly elects.
- Implement a general plan for civil aviation among Arab countries in order to develop and secure its safety.
- To promote the necessary cooperation and coordination among Member States in the field of civil aviation and to lay the foundations for this in a uniform approach.
- To develop and advance Arab civil aviation in a manner that responds to the needs of the Arab nation for a safe, secure and orderly air transport.
The Agency for Aerial Navigation Safety in Africa and Madagascar (L'Agence pour la Sécurité de la Navigation aérienne en Afrique et à Madagascar), ASECNA is an international public organization whose main mission is to provide air navigation services within an airspace of 16,500,000 square kilometres, divided into six flight information regions (F.I.R) Antananarivo, Brazzaville, Dakar Oceanic and Terrestrial, Niamey and N'Djamena as defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
ASECNA develops and provides solutions for airport management, aviation infrastructure studies and construction, equipment maintenance, calibration of air navigation instruments and training for civil aviation staff. Its 18 Member States are: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, France, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Chad and Togo.
ASECNA provides support for the administrative and financial management of the Satellite navigation in Africa support programme III.
Regional Economic Communities have a central role in the uptake of SBAS in their respective regions under their geographic scope, addressing the critical issue of sustainability of SBAS implementation.
The following RECs are considered as key policy actors in Africa: ACAO for Northern Africa ECOWAS and ECCAS for Western and central Africa; EAC, IGAD, COMESA, and CEN-SAD for Eastern Africa; SADC and COMESA for Southern Africa.
The benefits and added value of GNSS/SBAS can be realised along the both in the aviation and the non-aviation sectors. National Space Agencies also play an important role in the GNSS value chains within the different sectors including in the upstream market segment as well as raising awareness in the downstream segment.
National Space Agencies
Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs)
- Provide, in its territory, airports, radio services, meteorological services and other air navigation facilities to facilitate international air navigation, in accordance with the standards and practices recommended or established from time to time.
- Adopt and put into operation the appropriate standards systems of communications procedure, codes, markings, signals, lighting and other operational practices and rules that may be recommended or established from time to time, pursuant to this convention.
The Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs) of the different states are the respective national safety oversight entities, responsible for ensuring the effective implementation of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS), the critical elements of its safety oversight system as well as relevant safety practices and procedures in the respective state. They are responsible for regulation focusing on developing policies, rules, regulations, procedures regarding Air Traffic Management based on operational requirements as well as the capabilities of GNSS and operational approvals.
Air navigation Service Providers (ANSPs)
The ANSPs are responsible for the provision of Air Navigation Services. They are also responsible for developing flight procedures for the use of GNSS/SBAS and the provision of Air Traffic Services concerning Airspace users including the provision of ICAO compliant NOTAMs and the conduct of incident investigation activities.
ANSPs are also responsible for complying with the conditions set by the states or CAAs for the use of GNSS/SBAS in their territories and for obtaining approval from their CAA that their operations and safety processes are compliant with the said conditions.
It must be noted that in some cases where SBAS has already been implemented, the ANSPs are responsible and/or play a major role in the provision of the SBAS service. These beneficiaries are therefore also crucial partners/beneficiaries in the SBAS implementation and adoption process.
This group of benefires includes all the organisations/actors in the different non aviation sectors ie Maritime, Road, Rail, Agriculture, consumer Location-Based Services, Geoformation, Timing and synchronization as well as Drones and Internet of Things (IoT) sectors. These actors may be involved as required on a case by case basis


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Genzo Shimadzu, Sr., and Genzo Shimadzu, Jr.
Genzo Shimadzu, Sr.
Japan's rapid modernization in the second half of the 19th century was made possible by such people of vision as Genzo Shimadzu, Sr. and Jr.
Genzo Shimadzu, Jr.
Genzo Shimadzu, Sr., began his career as a maker of Buddhist altars, but Japan's growing interest in Western technology after 1868 opened his eyes to new opportunities. Through the Physics and Chemistry Research Institute in Kyoto, Shimadzu eagerly and quickly absorbed knowledge about new technologies. Soon he was using his mechanical abilities to repair and maintain foreign equipment, while learning everything he could about the devices he worked on. Next he began to manufacture such equipment—distillation devices, evacuation apparatus, Atwood's machines, and even medical equipment—supplying them to Japanese schools. As his business grew, so did his reputation. In time he was invited to teach in the metal-working department of the Kyoto Prefecture Normal School.
His untimely death in 1894 at the age of 55 transferred ownership of his business to his oldest son, Umejiro, who changed his name to Genzo, determined to follow in his father's footsteps.
Genzo Shimadzu, Jr., had grown up in the business his father created. In this environment he acquired technical and inventive skills that outstripped his father's. With his younger brothers, Genkichi and Tsunesaburo, he took the Shimadzu business into new areas. In 1895 he created a department for science specimens. In 1897 the company launched the manufacture of storage batteries, a technology of particular importance for Japan. Shimadzu made a number of contributions in this area: most notably, he developed a revolutionary method for manufacturing high-quality reactive lead powder, an essential ingredient for storage batteries.
Starting in 1897 Shimadzu also devoted a considerable amount of his research efforts to developing X-ray equipment, making his company a pioneer in this technology. In 1909 Shimadzu Corporation built its first medical X-ray machine, which was also the first produced in Japan. The power source was a Shimadzu storage battery.
Genzo Shimadzu, Jr.'s, efforts to create new technologies were recognized in 1930 at a dinner given by the emperor of Japan, where Shimadzu was designated one of the top 10 inventors in his country. He continued to develop new devices throughout his life. By his death in 1951 he had registered 178 inventions in 12 countries. During his lifetime Shimadzu Corporation became an innovative force, providing researchers with many tools for discovery, ranging from balances to spectrographs to industrial X-ray equipment.


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When you spin an asymmetrically weighted, 2D disk-shaped top, the heavy part actually rises to the top. Why is this?
 1. _URL_
 2. _URL_
In the second video it shows that this is because of friction but trying this on a frictionless surface won't do much: The disk will go up and down and still the heavy part will be on the top.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 8 down vote accepted
I think the solution has more to do with the tennis racket effect (see: _URL_
Let me clarify the disk with hole in it has two stable axes of rotation and one unstable one. The unstable one is through the hole and the stable one is across (below in green) and normal to the disk.
Axes Def
I have confirmed that without friction (and from the videos in the link above) when the disk is spun on the unstable axis, it will perdiodically flip. This is what caused it to flip when the disk was falling without friction.
The additional nuiance here is the once it is on the "upsidedown" oriention and friction is present then the unstable axis becomes stable.
If the hole spans from the center to the edge of the disk, then the center of gravity is at $$ \vec{c} = (0,-\frac{R}{6},0)$$ where $R$ is the outside radius of the disk. The principal moments of inertia about the center of mass are $$ \begin{aligned} I_{XX} & = m \left( \frac{\ell^2}{12} + \frac{29 R^2}{144} \right) \approx 0.2 m R^2 \\ I_{YY} & = m \left( \frac{\ell^2}{12} + \frac{5 R^2}{16} \right) \approx 0.31 m R^2 \\ I_{ZZ} & = m \left( \frac{37 R^2}{72} \right) \approx 0.51 m R^2 \end{aligned} $$
where $\ell$ is the thickness of the disk. Since $I_{YY}-I_{XX} = \frac{8}{37} I_{ZZ}$ this means that the y direction is the medium inertia value, x the minimum and z the maximum. Hence the instability about the y axis according to the Tennis Racket Effect.
I am working to qualify the above statement and I am going to update this post with my findings.
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may you please explain why the axis through the hole is unstable, I would say it should be the one on the x-axis because it is not symmetrical. – Mhmd Dec 31 '13 at 12:43
_USER_ Any rigid body has three principal moments of inertia of different values. Rotation about the smallest and largest direction is stable, whilst rotation about the medium value is unstable. This is the tennis racket effect. – ja72 Dec 31 '13 at 16:17
I have added a little more about the mass moments of inertia on the post. – ja72 Dec 31 '13 at 16:58
The tennis racket effect/theorem can be accurately understood by the Poinsot-Binet Energy Ellipsoid. More reference is in Goldstein – Torsten Hĕrculĕ Cärlemän Dec 31 '13 at 17:24
I) Here we will give a qualitative rather than quantitative analysis. Consider first the axially symmetric 3D tippe top, which means that there will be two principal axis with maximal moment of inertia. (If we wish, we can for simplicity model the top as a spherically symmetric ball, with a heavy point mass off the geometric center $O$.) Empirically, we observe to a first approximation that:
 1. The angular vector $\vec{\omega}$ is mostly vertical and completes a small precession for each revolution of the top. (Let's assume that $\vec{\omega}$ is upwards rather than downwards.)
 2. The rotation of the top is around a point $Q$ somewhere between the geometric center $O$ and the center of mass $C$.
 3. The point $P$ of contact completes a small circular orbit for each revolution of the top.
 4. The top is mostly rolling without sliding. In other words, to a first approximation, it is static friction rather than kinetic friction, and hence the mechanical energy is conserved.
The angular momentum vector $\vec{L}$ will mostly point upwards but tilted a bit to the same (opposite) side as $C$ iff $O$ is above (below) $C$. In other words, the angular momentum vector $\vec{L}$ completes a small precession for each revolution of the top. We will assume that this precession of $\vec{L}$ (and the corresponding net torque needed for this precession) remains very small during the entire inversion process.
Now the torques of gravity and the normal force work in unison to increase the precession of $\vec{L}$. The cancellation of this torque can only come from the friction force acting in the same direction (horizontally speaking) as where the center of mass $C$ is.$^1$
Naturally, due to an imperfect rolling motion, the friction force will then tend to slide the point of contact in the direction of the friction force, thereby raising the center of mass $C$. (Del Campo showed that sliding friction must play an essential role in the inversion process, cf. Ref. 1. Of course sliding friction is also responsible for that the top eventually comes to rest and looses its mechanical energy.)
II) The asymmetric 2D discs$^2$ works similarly, although now the rotation will mainly be around the unstable principal axis with intermediate moment of inertia, leading to the tennis racket/Dzhanibekov effect, as correctly pointed out by ja72 in his answer, see also e.g. this Phys.SE post and links therein. In situations without friction, the tennis racket/Dzhanibekov effect explains the last unresolved part of the solution video.
 1. Richard J. Cohen, The tippe top revisited, _URL_ (hat tip: Leonida)
$^1$ Note that the friction torque argument in this Basic Saucer Physics 101 video seems to lead to the opposite effect where the center of mass $C$ gets lowered (rather than raised).
$^2$ The geometric details of the asymmetric 2D discs is to a large extent irrelevant for the effect.
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Correction to the answer (v1): Del Campo's argument only guarantee that friction is involved, not that it is necessarily sliding friction. – Qmechanic Apr 28 at 8:21
Also the word is in the last sentence of the answer should be are. – Qmechanic Apr 30 at 16:19
Your Answer


Genetic Syndromes in Primary Care Optometry
James Kundart OD, MEd, FAAO
COPE #31302-SD
Expires: April 1, 2014
1 credits, $39
Section: General Optometry / Systemic Disease
Please see the 50-slide video podcast by clicking here. You will need to login download the.mov file called "Genetic Syndromes in Primary Care Optometry " from the College of Optometry public channel there.
Course Description:
Genetic syndromes can affect both ocular and systemic health and functioning. Particularly of note to the primary care optometrist are CHARGE Association, Cockayne, Laurence-Moon/Bardet-Biedl, Noonan, Prader-Willi, and Turner Syndromes.
Course Objectives:
This course will cover optometric diagnosis and management of the following six genetic syndromes:
 1. CHARGE Association
 2. Cockayne
 3. Laurence-Moon/Bardet-Biedl
 4. Noonan
 5. Prader-Willi
 6. Turner


Although improvements in materials engineering have greatly reduced fracture rates in ceramic femoral heads, concerns still exist for liners. Ceramics are vulnerable to fracture due to impact and from stress concentrations (point and line loading) such as those associated with impingement-subluxation. Thus, ceramic cup fracture propensity is presumably very sensitive to surgical cup positioning. A novel fracture mechanics finite element formulation was developed to identify cup orientations most susceptible to liner fracture propagation for several impingement-prone patient maneuvers. Other factors being equal, increased cup inclination and increased anteversion were found to elevate fracture risk. Squatting, stooping, and leaning shoe-tie maneuvers were associated with the highest fracture risk. These results suggest that fracture risk can be reduced by surgeons' decreasing cup abduction and by patients' avoiding of specific activities.


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CC Ādi 16.32
śuniluṅ phāṅkite tomāra śiṣyera saṁlāpa
There are many schools of grammar in the Sanskrit language, the most famous of which are the systems of Pāṇini and the Kalāpa and Kaumudī grammars. There were different branches of grammatical knowledge, and a student of grammar was supposed to study them all in twelve years. Caitanya Mahāprabhu, who was famous as Nimāi Paṇḍita, taught grammar to His students, who became expert in dealing with the word jugglery of complicated grammar. Almost anyone expert in studying grammar interprets the śāstras in many ways by changing the root meanings of their words. A student of grammar can sometimes completely change the meaning of a sentence by juggling grammatical rules. Keśava Kāśmīrī indirectly taunted Lord Caitanya Mahāprabhu by implying that although He was a great teacher of grammar, such grammatical jugglery of root meanings did not require great expertise. This was a challenge to Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu. Because it was prearranged that Keśava Kāśmīrī would have to discuss the śāstras with Nimāi Paṇḍita, from the very beginning he wanted to bluff the Lord. Thus the Lord replied as follows.


configure mpls rsvp-te timers lsp rapid-retry
configure mpls rsvp-te timers lsp rapid-retry {decay-rate percent} {delay-interval milliseconds} {retry-limit [number]}
Description
Configures the timers associated with rapidly retrying failed LSPs.
Syntax Description
percent Specifies a percent increase in the interval allowed before each subsequent attempt to re-signal an LSP. The valid range is from 0 to 100 percent.
milliseconds Specifies the time (in milliseconds) to wait before attempting to re-signal the LSP.
retry-limit Specifies the maximum allowed attempts to establish an LSP.
number Specifies a maximum number of allowed attempts to establish an LSP. The valid number range is from zero to 255.
Default
Delay interval: 500 milliseconds.
Decay rate: 50%.
Retry limit: 10.
Usage Guidelines
This command configures the timers associated with rapidly retrying failed LSPs. If an LSP fails to establish, the switch attempts to rapidly retry the setup by sending additional path messages based on the rapid-retry timers. The delay-interval timer specifies the time (in milliseconds) to wait before sending another path message. If the LSP fails to establish itself on subsequent attempts, the delay-interval time is incremented based on the decay-rate setting. The decay operation multiplies the delay-interval time by the decay rate, and adds the result to the current delay-interval time.
For example, if the decay-rate is set to 50 percent and the current delay-interval time is 500 milliseconds, a path message is retransmitted in 750 milliseconds. If the LSP fails to establish on the next attempt, a path message is retransmitted after a further decayed delay interval of 1125 milliseconds (1.125 seconds). A per-LSP delay-interval time is maintained for each LSP until the LSP is established. This process of decaying the retry time continues until the LSP is established or the retry-limit expires. If the retry-limit is reached, attempts to rapidly retry the LSP are suspended.
When the switch starts the process of re-signaling the LSP based on the standard-retry timers, the LSP's rapid-retry timers return to the initial configuration settings. If the standard-retry delay-interval time is reached before all of the rapid-retry attempts have completed, the standard-retry mechanisms take over.
The default rapid-retry LSP timer parameter values are 500 milliseconds for the delay-interval, 50 percent for the decay-rate, and a retry-limit of 10. The valid range for delay-interval is 10 to 1000 milliseconds. The valid decay-rate range is 0 to 100 percent. The valid retry-limit is 0 to 100. A value of 0 indicates that the LSP is not re-signaled using the rapid-retry timers.
When summary-refresh or bundle-message is enabled, the rapid-retry timer values are used for resending any message that is not acknowledged.
Example
The following command sets the maximum number of rapid retries to five:
configure mpls rsvp-te timers lsp rapid-retry retry-limit 5
History
This command was first available in ExtremeXOS 11.6.
Platform Availability
This command is available only on the platforms that support MPLS as described in the Switch Engine 32.3 Feature License Requirements document.


text:
Mourning doves consume large quantities of grains, seeds, and fruits. This has a significant impact on the plant communities in which they live. They may act as seed dispersers for certain fruiting plants that they feed upon.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
No one has provided updates yet.


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The word penitentiary was first used to mean "house of correction" in 1806. So when the Lieutenant Governor of Tasmania (known at the time as Van Diemen's Land) decided to consolidate the colony's penal settlements into one location, the inclusion of a penitentiary was fairly novel.
In fact, the rise of the penitentiary was part of the reform movements of the era, when reform societies were working to change and improve the lots of people trapped in lives of poverty or crime. The word was originally used to describe an asylum for prostitutes, where the women were not prisoners, but were actually given a safe haven, where they could be educated and reformed, so they could return to society. Many of the penitentiaries of this era were tremendously successful. (The word penitentiary came from the idea of rescuing penitents, those who regretted their lifestyles and wished to change.) Soon, the idea grew from rescuing prostitutes to rescuing anyone who wanted to escape a life on the streets.
It is because of this different concept of penitentiary that Port Arthur had both a penitentiary and a prison—they were not the same thing. It was with the idea of making useful citizens of transported convicts that the penitentiary was created. It was so good at this that Charles Darwin, when he visited, wrote with admiration of its unparalleled success in creating "active citizens" of a "new and splendid country."
In the photo of the Port Arthur settlement below, the penitentiary is the massive building that dominates the scene.


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Sugar 'comforts babies during immunisations'
It appears that sugar really may help the medicine go down - studies suggest a few drops can comfort babies who are having their jabs.
The Cochrane team reviewed 14 studies involving more than 1,500 infants going for routine childhood immunisations or a heel-prick blood test.
Babies given a sugary solution to suck as they were about to be injected cried far less than those given water.
While sugar may pacify, it is unclear if it also relieves pain.
Experts say more research is needed to explore this.
End Quote Dr David Elliman Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
If you do the usual holding and comforting, I'm not sure how much sucrose would add"
A small study published a couple of years ago in The Lancet medical journal looked at the responses of 44 infants given either sugar or water as they had a heel-prick blood test.
The sugar did not appear to make a difference to pain - all babies similarly grimaced and had comparable electrical activity measured with EEG readings in areas of the brain that process pain.
The lead researcher in the Cochrane review, Dr Manal Kassab of the Jordan University of Science and Technology in Irib, Jordan, said: "Giving babies something sweet to taste before injections may stop them from crying for as long.
"Although we can't confidently say that sugary solutions reduce needle pain, these results do look promising."
Dr David Elliman of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health said sugar solution was not used routinely in practice.
"Generally, doctors recommend that the mother holds the baby and comforts it while they have their immunisation. If she is breastfeeding still, she might want to breastfeed her baby at the same time.
"With older children we try to distract them. If you do the usual holding and comforting, I'm not sure how much sucrose would add.
"What we do know is that using a shorter needle tends to be more painful, even though this might seem counterintuitive. That's because the injections need to go into the muscle."
By the time a child has reached its second birthday it should have had around 10 different injections to protect against various infectious diseases, including measles, mumps and rubella.


text: The objective of this paper is to introduce the constrained discrete-time statedependent Riccati equation (CD-SDRE) technique for decentralized multi-agent systems. First, a D-SDRE for tracking control is derived analytically. Then, the latter is utilized in formulating the distributed D-SDRE control law. The constraint problem of the D-SDRE/distribued D-SDRE is then addressed by recasting it into a model predictive control (MPC) problem. Solution of the latter is then carried out using particle swarm optimization (PSO), which facilitates estimation of the states and control inputs for the D-SDRE control law calculation. The use of decentralized CD-SDRE scheme in a networked system in the presence of constraints is then systematically demonstrated by applying this scheme to reconfiguration problems of spacecraft formation flying under constrained actuation. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy and reliability of the proposed CD-SDRE in the decentralized control of the spacecraft formation flying.


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Some bats keep flying in a light drizzle, but they take shelter when there's serious rain. A new study published online today in Biology Letters
finds one reason why: Bats have to work harder to fly when their fur and wings are wet. In a series of trials in Costa Rica, scientists studied
Sowell's short-tailed fruit bats as they flew around a large octagonal cage. Sometimes they first dampened the bats with tap water; sometimes the bats
flew wet and in the rain.
Bats used about twice as much energy when they were wet as when they were dry, the team found. Flying in the rain didn't make a difference, which ruled out some kind of mechanical problem caused by raindrops hitting wings, nor
did the actual weight of the water. The scientists think that wet bats, like most wet mammals, are cold, so they have to work harder to stay warm. And
with water mussing their silky fur and dampening their wings, bedraggled bats might also be less aerodynamic.
See more ScienceShots.


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Approximation and Optimization of Global Environmental Simulations with Neural Networks
DescriptionSolving a system of hundreds of chemical differential equations in environmental simulations has a major computational complexity, and thereby requires high performance computing resources, which is a challenge as the spatio-temporal resolution increases. Machine learning methods and specially deep learning can offer an approximation of simulations with some factor of speed-up while using less compute resources. In this work, we introduce a neural network based approach (ICONET) to forecast trace gas concentrations without executing the traditional compute-intensive atmospheric simulations. ICONET is equipped with a multifeature Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model to forecast atmospheric chemicals iteratively in time. We generated the training and test dataset, our target dataset for ICONET, by execution of an atmospheric chemistry simulation in ICON-ART. Applying the ICONET trained model to forecast a test dataset results in a good fit of the forecast values to our target dataset. We discussed appropriate metrics to evaluate the quality of models and presented the quality of the ICONET forecasts with RMSE and KGE metrics. The variety in the nature of trace gases limits the model's learning and forecast skills according to the respective trace gas. In addition to the quality of the ICONET forecasts, we described the computational efficiency of ICONET as its run time speed-up in comparison to the run time of the ICON-ART simulation. The ICONET forecast showed a speed-up factor of 3.1 over the run time of the atmospheric chemistry simulation of ICON-ART, which is a significant achievement, especially when considering the importance of ensemble simulation.
TimeMonday, June 2612:00 - 12:30 CEST
Climate, Weather and Earth Sciences


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Advantages of Surface Mounted Lighting Applications in Office Buildings and Future Development Trends for Google Customers.
In today's modern office buildings, lighting plays a crucial role in creating a productive and comfortable work environment. With advancements in technology, Surface mounted lighting has emerged as a popular choice for office spaces. In this article, we will explore the advantages of Surface mounted lighting applications in office buildings and discuss future development trends.
- Enhanced Illumination: Surface Mounted lighting fixtures provide ample illumination throughout the office space. These fixtures are strategically positioned on the ceilings, ensuring even and consistent lighting distribution. The bright and well-distributed light reduces eye strain and promotes a more focused and productive work environment.
- Energy Efficiency: Surface Mounted lighting fixtures are designed to be highly energy-efficient. They incorporate LED technology, which consumes significantly less energy compared to traditional lighting options. This not only reduces energy consumption but also lowers utility costs, contributing to a more sustainable and cost-effective office operation.
- Versatility in Design: Surface Mounted lighting fixtures come in a wide range of designs, sizes, and shapes, allowing for versatile installation options. Whether it's a sleek and modern look or a more traditional aesthetic, there are Surface Mounted lighting solutions available to suit every office design concept. This versatility in design ensures that lighting seamlessly integrates with the overall office decor.
- Easy Installation and Maintenance: Surface Mounted lighting fixtures are easy to install and require minimal maintenance. These fixtures can be directly mounted onto the ceiling surface, eliminating the need for complex wiring and extensive renovation. Additionally, LED technology offers a longer lifespan, reducing the frequency of bulb replacements and maintenance requirements.
Future Development Trends:
1. Intelligent Lighting Controls: The future of office lighting lies in intelligent lighting controls. These systems utilize advanced sensors and automation technology to optimize energy usage. Integrated with motion sensors and daylight harvesting capabilities, Surface Mounted lighting with intelligent controls can adjust lighting levels based on occupancy and available natural light, further enhancing energy efficiency.
2. Human-Centric Lighting: The focus on employee well-being will drive the adoption of human-centric lighting in office buildings. Surface Mounted lighting with tunable white or color-changing capabilities can mimic natural lighting patterns throughout the day. This dynamic lighting helps regulate the body's circadian rhythm, promoting productivity, alertness, and overall well-being.
3. Integration with Smart Building Systems: Surface Mounted lighting fixtures will integrate seamlessly with other smart building systems. Through the use of advanced connectivity and Internet of Things (IoT) technology, lighting can communicate with HVAC systems, occupancy sensors, and security systems, creating a cohesive and intelligent office environment.
In conclusion, the advantages of Surface Mounted lighting applications in office buildings are evident in the enhanced illumination, energy efficiency, versatility in design, and ease of installation and maintenance. As we look towards the future, intelligent lighting controls, human-centric lighting, and integration with smart building systems will shape the development of office lighting.


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Today, it was the turn of Class 3 to have an audio recording of the second song that is accompanying the project in Aberbargoed Primary School.
Day Three in Aberbargoed Primary. Knights, suits of armour and the song! Class 4 loved the audio recording of themselves singing the 'Think it, Try it, Fix it, Share it' song (written especially for this project by Andrew). They have already found ways to improve their performance! For those who requested to hear it, enjoy! :-)
Click here to view the project website with Year 1 and 2 in Aberbargoed Primary School.