text:
Ancient Human Occupation of Britain (AHOB)
The Ancient Human Occupation of Britain research project,
a five-year programme funded by the Leverhulme Trust
for just over £1.2 million, began in October 2001,
and will investigate the timing and nature of human
occupation of the British Isles during the Quaternary.
The project brings together a range of specialists,
including archaeologists, palaeontologists, stratigraphers,
sedimentologists and isotope analysts from a core of
British universities and national museums.
The central purpose of the programme is to provide a
detailed settlement history of Britain over at least
a 500,000 year period, by re-peopling Britain with its
former inhabitants, revealing aspects of their technology
and behaviour and exploring how and why these changed
over time, reconstructing the environments in which
they lived and the resources that these provided, and
documenting the animals that shared their landscape.
By taking this broad sweep in time within a single sub-region
of Europe, it is hoped to identify patterns of human
social organisation, behaviour, technology, economies,
habitat preferences and landscape use. The project offers
a multidisciplinary approach towards integrating known
archaeological and environmental data with the Quaternary
During the Quaternary, the landmass that would become
the British Isles witnessed frequent and often dramatic
transformations in climate, environment, ecology and
topography. The longand short-term effects of these
factors on human populations must have been dramatic
if not catastrophic. Ice-sheets repeatedly advanced
and retreated, fluctuating global sea levels led to
sporadic insularity from mainland Europe and major changes
in the pattern of North Atlantic currents dramatically
influenced the nature and rapidity of climate change.
Repeated glaciation successively remodelled the British
landscape and its river systems. Diverse mammal faunas
have been recorded from this time period, containing
species as different as hippopotamus and reindeer, while
floras varied from temperate woodland to steppe tundra.
Against this background a pulsing signal of human presence
can be recognised over at least half a million years.
Abundant archaeology has been preserved at many British
sites and faunal remains provide further direct evidence
of human activity in the form of butchered or modified
bone. These are often found associated on well-preserved
occupation surfaces, a rare occurrence in a European
context. Although actual human fossils are rare in Britain,
those that do occur are well provenanced. Hence there
are few better places to examine the many factors influencing
and limiting the distribution of early human populations.
In recent years, the models that form the global framework
for the study of this period have undergone a revolution.
The marine oxygen isotope palaeoclimate signal, which
has been divided into a series of numbered Oxygen Isotope
Stages (OIS) and substages, is now the yardstick against
which the fragmentary terrestrial record must be matched.
This signal is considerably augmented for the later
Pleistocene and Holocene by ice core data. Although
considerable progress has been made in remodelling the
various interpretations of the terrestrial record, much
remains to be done in integrating existing information
into the new framework. Work on long fluvial sequences,
such as those of the River Thames, has produced a coherent
lithostratigraphy that appears to conform to the larger-scale
climate-driven phasing reflected in the oxygen isotope
record. In addition, newly developed mammal-based biostratigraphies
covering much of the last 600,000 years are currently
being explored for still higher resolution. Indeed for
the last 400,000 years a chronological sequence of uniquely
defined Mammal Assemblage-Zones (MAZ) has been already
identified. Thus it is possible to characterise discrete
periods of human presence and absence on the basis of
their associated mammalian fauna. In addition, the landscape
in which these early humans lived can now be reconstructed
through the application of stable light isotope analysis
of carefully selected mammalian and human assemblages.
The aim of this is to tie fauna more precisely to the
past climatic record, by measuring the d18O life history
stored within individual teeth, and to elucidate the
localised environments and feeding strategies of past
mammalian communities. This combination of isotopic
analyses will provide unique information, allowing discrimination
between cold, warm and transitional faunas, potentially
even down to the oxygen isotope sub-stage level. The
analyses will thus relate human appearance and disappearance
to prevailing local environmental conditions.
In short, the project aims to document the story of
periodic human colonisation, settlement, abandonment
and recolonisation of Britain, and the environments
in which early humans lived or failed to survive. This
will be achieved through small-scale fieldwork projects
that focus on high-resolution sampling for fauna, flora,
and dating. These will be combined with documentation
and research of existing museum collections. The following
techniques are built into the research programme and
are fundamental to the research strategy: sedimentological
analyses, geochronology (AMS radiocarbon age determinations
of bone, Mass Spectrometric Uranium-series (U-series)
Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Electron Spin
Resonance (ESR) and Amino Acid Racemisation), stable
isotope analysis, vertebrate and invertebrate biostratigraphy,
taphonomy and palaeoecology, archaeological studies,
and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology.
project has identified seven principal research topics,
each focusing on a major episode of this time period
and each with its own set of specific research questions.
Together, these will form a coherent chronological framework
for understanding the ancient human occupation of Britain.
The key research areas, with some examples of sites
where study is planned, are:
700,000 - 500,000 years: The nature and timing of
the first occupation of Britain. Happisburgh, Westbury
Cave, High Lodge. Who first arrived and when?
400,000 years: The Hoxnian Interglacial. Swanscombe,
Hoxne, Clacton. How many different populations, were
there major changes?
300,000 - 180,000 years: The Lower-Middle Palaeolithic
transition. Purfleet, Grays, Aveley. New technology,
180,000 - 60,000 years: Middle Palaeolithic population
collapse. Crayford, Bacon Hole, Banwell. Why did
Neanderthal populations decline and apparently disappear?
60,000 - 22,000 years: Repopulation at the end of
the Middle Palaeolithic, and the transition to the early
Upper Palaeolithic. Pin Hole, Kent's Cavern, Beedings.
Neanderthals recolonised, H sapiens arrived.
22,000 - 13,000 years: Human absence: The Dimlington
Stadial faunal interzone. Barnwell, Tornewton Cave.
Did people completely disappear again at this time?
13,000 - 10,000 years: Recolonisation after the last
glacial maximum. Gough's Cave. Repeated attempts
at recolonisation were eventually successful.
click on illustration to view
courtesy of the Natural History Museum London
details can be found on the AHOB website:
on behalf of AHOB project members by:
Department of Palaeontology
The Natural History Museum
London SW7 5BD
Natural History Museum, London, England


Is bentonite clay good for cancer patients?
Published by Anaya Cole on
Is bentonite clay good for cancer patients?
Although a study reported the genotoxic effect of bentonite on human B lymphoblast cells (57), recently bentonite has been shown to inhibit the growth of human cancer cell lines U251 (central nervous system, glioblastoma). It seems that bentonite clay surfaces controls the levels of metabolic growth components (58).
What are the side effects of clay?
Side effects are usually mild but may include constipation, vomiting, or diarrhea. Clay is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth for a long period of time. Eating clay long-term can cause low levels of potassium and iron.
How long should you take bentonite clay internally?
How often should you use bentonite clay? Internally, you can take 1/2 to 1 teaspoon once per day, as many days of the week as you'd like. Most experts recommend that you don't consume BC internally for more than four weeks in a row.
How often drink bentonite clay?
While many sources recommend drinking 1-3 teaspoons (or more) of clay mixed with water daily, there are some who remind us that after the below solution is mixed (see Recipe), it's appropriate to drink just 1 ounce of the clay water daily for the first week. Week 2 the patient may increase to 2 ounces daily.
How long does bentonite clay take to work?
After consuming bentonite clay and water, wait 60 minutes to eat, allowing it to sweep through the stomach and do its good work, unaffected by the acidity required for digestion. (Ideally, use Betaine HCl or Digestive Bitters to create the optimum pH for digestion directly before eating.
When is the best time to drink bentonite clay?
When to take it — It's recommended by most to take bentonite clay before a meal, by 30-60 minutes. The main reason is that clay is very alkaline (it has an 8.5-10 pH). Ideally, for digestion, the stomach should have a 1-2 pH, (which is why many of us take bitters or Betaine HCl).
How long does it take for bentonite clay to work?
Which country eats clay?
In Haiti, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, the scarcity of food have made the Haitians turn to mud platters for their survival. No, not to hold food but to eat them. They have got so used to eating mud platters that now this has become a normal practice for them.
Is bentonite a carcinogen?
Bentonite itself is probably not more toxic than any other particulate not otherwise regulated and is not classified as a carcinogen by any regulatory or advisory body, but some bentonite may contain variable amounts of respirable crystalline silica, a recognized human carcinogen.
Does bentonite clay have side effects?
There's no known serious side effect to using calcium bentonite clay. It's possible to consume too much of this product, so always follow package instructions and don't consume the clay for more than four weeks in a row without taking a break.
Is bentonite clay anti inflammatory?
Benefits of Bentonite Clay for Skin Has anti-inflammatory properties: Another boon for those battling breakouts, bentonite clay is naturally anti-inflammatory and can help calm inflammatory acne, explains Fahs. It's also sometimes used to soothe dermatitis and even diaper rash, adds Jeffy.
What is the benefits of eating clay?
Clay can help absorb toxins, so many support earth eating as a way of relieving stomach issues, such as food poisoning. Although geophagia may not begin as a mental health concern, over time, eating dirt could come to resemble an addiction.
What is clay therapy for cancer?
Learning About Clay Therapy for Cancer. It is weathered volcanic ash and it is rich in a variety of minerals. When mixed with water, a very powerful electromagnetic field is purported to be created, which is said to attract and hold toxic and unwanted substances so that they can then be removed from the body.
Can clay help fight bacteria in wounds?
Now Mayo Clinic researchers and their collaborators at Arizona State University have found that at least one type of clay may help fight disease-causing bacteria in wounds, including some treatment-resistant bacteria. The findings appear in the International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.
What are the side effects of green clay?
When green clay is applied to the skin, it's important to note that some people have reported heightened sensitivity, rashes, dryness, or flakiness — particularly if it's applied in excess. When ingested, green clay may cause constipation.
What are the health benefits of dried clay?
The ingestion of dried clay minerals or a clay suspension is commonly used as a source of dietary elements, as a detoxifying agent, and as an allopathic treatment of gastrointestinal illnesses and acute and chronic diarrhea ( Carretero, 2002 ). For example in Ghana, the iron, copper, calcium, zinc,…
Categories: News


Dismiss Notice
Join Physics Forums Today!
Fields with spin
 1. Oct 1, 2003 #1
 Fields with spin....
 Can have a field (electromagnetic, gravitational..) a "spin" or can the existence of spin be relevant in the study of field..l.so we can asign a spin to a certain field and study the functional equation of fields with "spin" and relate this "spin" to particle spin
 with this word of "spin" i would mean some intrinsic property of the field similar to this of particles...
 A use would be to produce for example a spin-2 description of the graviton instead of WDW equation by mean of an equation lineal and of first order in derivatives including the term d/dt and the time.
 2. jcsd
 3. Oct 1, 2003 #2
 User Avatar
 Science Advisor
 In QFT in minkowski space, fields may be viewed as consisting of particles, so a spin-j field consists of spin-j particles. For example, photons are the massless spin-1 particles making up the electromagnetic field which is thus spoken of as a massless spin-1 field. However, the notion of field is more fundamental than that of particle since the latter is an observer-dependent concept. This is seen for example in the unruh effect in minkowski space where accelerating observers will see particles where inertial observers see only the vacuum and also in regions of spacetime in which curvature is comparable to the characteristic wavelength of field quanta. It is thus more precise to speak not of particles but in a more general sense of field excitations.
 Last edited: Oct 2, 2003
 4. Oct 10, 2003 #3
 User Avatar
 Staff Emeritus
 Science Advisor
 Gold Member
 A basic remark is maybe needed: "a field with spin" is a fancy name (well..) for a multi-component field. Like a vector field in euclidean space has 3 components at each point (and comes down to a spin-1 field!). In relativistic notation, we use 4 components, but we actually only use 3 (for a massive vector boson). Extra complications for a massless photon make us have 2 independent components, but we still write it as a 4-component field.
 A spinless field is just a field with one scalar component, such as "temperature". The less intuitive aspects come in when we use half-integer spins, because we're classically not used to them, but a spin-1/2 should be a two-component field. (and it can be, for example, a Majorana field). However, in its most popular appearing it has 4 components as a Dirac spinor.
 So spin of a field is nothing else but the fact that the field has multiple components, eventually combined with conditions (gauge conditions, mass conditions) reducing the number of independent components, and subject to specific transformation rules (under the Lorentz group).
 5. Oct 11, 2003 #4
 Re: Fields with spin....
 If all particles (within the framework of QFT) are quanta (linear, scalar, pseudoscalar, qauge etc.) of field, then what exactly do you ask?
 6. Oct 14, 2003 #5
 There is a very good article on this subject from American Journal of Physics: Hans C. Ohanian, "What is spin?" 54 (6), 500-505 (1986). I don't know if it is available online anywhere.
Similar Discussions: Fields with spin
 1. Spin magnetic field (Replies: 1)


text:
This preview shows pages 1–2. Sign up to view the full content.
This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version.View Full Document
Unformatted text preview: Physics 212 Problem Set One 1. Perturbed Square Well Consider a one-dimensional system consisting of a particle of mass m and charge e in the potential well V ( x ) shown (see figure). 6 6 - a 2- a 4 a 4 a 2- x 6? b = 2 h 2 8 ma 2 V ( x ) The potential energy function is V ( x ) =, x <- a 2,x > a 2,- a 2 < x <- a 4, a 4 < x < a 2 b,- a 4 < x < a 4. Suppose that b = 2 h 2 8 ma 2 and is sufficiently small that we can treat this problem by means of perturbation theory. (a) Write expressions for the unperturbed ( b =0) eigenfunctions and energy eigenvalues. (b) Obtain an expression for the first-order perturbed energy of the ground state of the system, expressing your result in terms of b and fundamental constants. (c) Write an expression for the first-order perturbed wave function of the ground state in terms of the complete set of unperturbed functions of part (a). (You need not evaluate matrix elements in your expression.) (d) What is the time-dependent stationary-state wave function for the ground state of the unperturbed system?(d) What is the time-dependent stationary-state wave function for the ground state of the unperturbed system?...
View Full Document

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Which is more grammatically correct in this sentence:
Ich gehe abends meiner Uni um Deutsch zu lernen.
Ich gehe meiner Uni um Deutsch zu lernen abends.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 8 down vote accepted
The correct version of your sentence would be
Ich gehe abends an meine Uni, um Deutsch zu lernen.
It means that you usually go to the university in the evening. This could be a simple statement or an answer to Wann gehst du zur Uni, um Deutsch zu lernen? (When do you go to the university to learn German?)
You could also use this word order
Abends gehe ich an meine Uni, um Deutsch zu lernen.
The latter sentence could be an answer to the question: Was machst du abends? (What do usually do in the evening?)
abends is a temporal adverb and means zur Zeit des Abends; depending on the context it can also mean jeden Abend.
share|improve this answer
Can you say "Ich gehe abends zu meiner Uni, um Deutsch zu lernen." too? – Johannes Schaub - litb Mar 25 '12 at 15:17
_USER_-litb yes, an / zu / in are all Common prepositions you can use with Universität. – splattne Mar 25 '12 at 15:36
Without abends, the main clause of your sentence is
Ich gehe an meine Uni.
You want to say that you do this in the evening, so you have to put abends into this main clause. splattne already answered that you can put abends after the verb, and then add the subordinate clause:
Ich gehe abends an meine Uni, um Deutsch zu lernen.
You could also put abends at the beginning for emphasis; then you can to invert "ich gehe":
Abends gehe ich an meine Uni, um Deutsch zu lernen.
It is not possible to put abends at the end of the main clause, as you can do it in English:
I go to my university in the evening to learn German.
share|improve this answer
A more general answer:
Germans like to have their time information as soon as possible. Place is what we care least about. To a certain degree there is freedom.
..., um Deutsch zu lernen.
This part answers to "what for" or "why". It is still possible to give that information before the time as in:
Um Deutsch zu lernen gehe ich abends in die Uni.
But putting place before time will sound really strange. It might be correct but think of it as shining a very bright spot on your sentence... you need to have a GOOD reason to say it that way because every German will be highly irritated. A possible example would be if someone says:
So... usually you go to university during daytime right? (Also... du gehst normalweise tagsüber zur Uni, richtig?) Nein, zur Uni gehe ich ABENDS. Am Tag bin ich auf Arbeit.
You pick up the local information and say it right away with the effect that you have a better connection to the sentence of the other person said. If you were to start with "Nein, abends..." there would be no real reason to say the place again and it would be a little tiny bit superfluous. The stress in both version will be on abends and it will be indicated by a strong emphasis on it in melody, rhythm and volume.
Bottom line: Do say time asap, place alap (as late as possible), unless you have a reason to do otherwise... simply putting a stress on the place won't be enough.
share|improve this answer
Agreed. Typically the word order is taught as time, place, and then manner (such as with whom, etc.). – Kevin Mar 25 '12 at 19:43
Oh usually it should be time-manner-place... in the example above the manner-info is a subordinate clause. Those are kind of not covered by the rule as they tend to be before or after the main clause... or inside if they are relative sentences of if both slots in front and after the main clause are already used. A time subord sentence can very well be at the end of the whole thing without evoking any special attention. The main reason for that is that it is easier to comprehend when the main sentence is not split... especially when it is short – Emanuel Mar 25 '12 at 19:49
Your Answer


text:
Professor Dean Price is largely involved in program 1 –Improving leaf CO2 capture efficiency- and program 2, to a lesser extent. He acts as a scientific leader of subprogram 1.2 dealing with approaches to develop pathways to implement micro-algal and cyanobacterial bicarbonate transporter-based CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) in plant chloroplasts.
Dean's current research focuses on the molecular biology and physiology of photosynthesis in blue-green photosynthetic bacteria, and research revolving around the functional expression of cyanobacterial CCM components in tobacco chloroplasts.
His research will contribute to improving C3 plant photosynthesis by applying the knowledge of the function of aquatic CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) in higher plants. This will allow the engineering of some useful CCM components into food crops so that water and nitrogen-use efficiency can be improved.
Dean obtained a Bachelor of Science (Honours) in 1979 from ANU, followed by a PhD in 1986 (Plant Physiology/Biochemistry) at ANU.
Dean is internationally known for his research on the genetic and physiological analysis of the CCM in cyanobacteria and micro-algae, as well as understanding photosynthetic rate limitations through genetic manipulation. He was the first discoverer of genes and functions of several key components of carboxysomes, bicarbonate transporters and CO2 uptake systems.
He is also responsible for the first experimentally-determined membrane topology maps of bicarbonate transporters.
Dean is a previous recipient of an ARC National Research Fellowship and a Queen Elizabeth II Research Fellowship and he is also a chief investigator of the Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) Network.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The researchers of the Institute of Polar Sciences of the Italian National Research Council and of the Ca' Foscari University of Veniceanalyzed a series of fragrances deriving from personal care products and consumer goods in an ice core from Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus:the concentration profile of such fragrances from the 1930s to 2005 follows the trend of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)- originated from combustion and industrial activities -showing a marked increase starting from the 1950s, known as the "Great Acceleration".The results of this study were published on Scientific Reports
The profound changes driven by the human impact on the global environment mark the beginning of a new geological era, the Anthropocene.
Plastics or organic and inorganic contaminants can be detected in nearly every terrestrial environment, even in remote areas: the cryosphere can archive such anthropogenic compounds by preservingin icethe contaminants accumulated with snow deposition.
The researchers from the Italian National Research Council Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), together with the colleagues from the Ca' Foscari University of Venice, the U.S. Geological Survey (Denver), the Grenoble University and from the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, analyzed an ice core drilled on the western plateau of Elbrus, Caucasus. They focused on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as combustion and industrial markers, and fragrances, widely used in personal care products, as representative emerging pollutants, obtaining a profile spanning from the 1930s to 2005.
"We showed how the cryosphere can archive the anthropic signals deriving from both combustion or industrial processes and daily domestic activities, such as using soaps, detergents and lotions" says Marco Vecchiato, researcher at CNR-ISP and one of the authors of this study. "Some sufficiently volatile and chemically stable components can be transported also in remote environments". The air masses reaching the summit of the Elbrus (5642 m above sea level) are in fact originated primarily from the Mediterranean and also significantly from Eastern Europe.
This is the first study reporting the distribution of personal care products in ice-cores, as well as the first record of PAH trends in Caucasus, allowing a direct and straight comparison between classical tracers and emerging pollutants.
Owing to their chemical stability, volatility and persistence, 17 different fragrances were selected and analyzed in stainless steel clean-room laboratories at the Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics of the Ca' Foscari University of Venice, sampling an ice core drilled in 2009.
"Concentrations markedly increased from 1930s to 2005" explains Vecchiato. "In particular, the deposition fluxes of amyl, hexyl and benzyl salicylate show a 20-fold average increase throughout the considered period."
Starting from the 1950s, this trend became more pronounced, corresponding to the beginning of the "Great Acceleration". "This evolution also agrees with other tracers determined in the same ice core, such as sulphates or black carbon, but it also follows the global Anthropocene trend".
However, also the socioeconomic crises occurring in Eastern Europe during the 20th century influenced the concentration trends: "Within an overall rising trend, we identified two periods when the contaminants fluxes decreased: the first one corresponds the "era of stagnation" during the 1970s, while the second decrease is synchronous with the dramatic collapse of the USSR in the 1990s. Nevertheless, the deposition of both fragrances and PAHs rapidly started to increase again immediately after" says Marco Vecchiato.
The study was financed by MIUR-FISR "ICE MEMORY-An International Salvage Program" and the results obtained from the 2009 Elbrus core were the basis and motivation for the huge effort to revisit the site to obtain the Ice Memory cores in 2018. The results were published on "Scientific Reports".
Who: Institute of polar sciences, National research council of Italy (Cnr-Isp); Ca' Foscari University, Venezia
What: "The Great Acceleration of fragrances and PAHs archived in an ice core from Elbrus, Caucasus" Sci Rep 10, 10661 (2020) _URL_


text:
Septic Tank Repair Service
Septic Tank Repair Service in Las Vegas Henderson Nevada
Plumbing Plumber Vegas
Are you looking for septic tank plumbing services in the Las Vegas Henderson Nevada area? Call us now at _PHONE_ to schedule an appointment with our friendly, helpful staff.
Septic tanks require regular maintenance and repair to work properly and to ensure a maximum useful life. A septic system consists of several components. The most basic system includes a large tank where the waste is processed and field lines that discharge the treated water back into the ground. More complex systems also have a secondary treatment step that further cleans the water before discharge. The most common maintenance activities performed on septic systems involve clearing the line between the home and the tank, pumping the tank to remove accumulated solids and repairing field lines that become clogged over time.
Many newer septic systems are equipped with a control panel featuring alarms or lights that alert a homeowner to a potential problem with the system. Other indications of septic system problems are bubbling sounds in toilets and drains, standing water in the disposal field, especially water that smells foul, and sewage backing up into the house. A septic system problem will not resolve on its own. Ignoring septic system problems only makes the underlying problems worse.
If repair and maintenance is neglected, the tank may overflow or the field lines may become filled with solid material, which will eventually lead to a complete system failure. A failed system means that a new septic system must be installed in a different area of the yard. Depending upon the size and the native soil in the area, a new system can cost up to $20,000 and necessitate the disruption of a large section of property.
Regular septic maintenance and repair can extend the life of a septic tank and field lines. Emergency repairs are much more costly than regular maintenance. When a septic system fails, it almost never happens during normal business hours. Instead, a system is prone to failing during a holiday when your house is filled with guests or in the middle of the night. The embarrassment, mess and cost of dealing with a failed septic system can be prevented by hiring a professional to perform maintenance on your septic system on a regular schedule or at the first sign of a problem.
- Las Vegas NV Septic Tank Repair Services near me
- Boulder City NV Septic Tank Repair Services near me
- Enterprise NV Septic Tank Repair Services near me
- Henderson NV Septic Tank Repair Services near me
- North Las Vegas NV Septic Tank Repair Services near me
- Paradise NV Septic Tank Repair Services near me
- Spring Valley NV Septic Tank Repair Services near me
- Summerlin NV Septic Tank Repair Services near me
- Sunrise Manor NV Septic Tank Repair Services near me


text:
Learning to self-feed is an important developmental milestone, and the ezpz Mini Utensils are designed to help toddler learn how to eat with a spoon (scooping) and fork (piercing). The Mini Spoon and Fork are the most functional, developmentally appropriate toddler utensils on the market.
- Narrow spoon bowl / fork prongs safely fits toddler's mouth
- Strong nylon head for easy scooping + piercing
- Sensory bumps and raised rim provide sensory awareness
- Non-slip grip and short, fat, round handle makes grasping more successful
- Bumps on the bottom of the utensil stabilize the spoon / fork when at rest


Drivers give less space to riders in cycle lanes, says research
Problem particularly bad on 40mph and 50mph roads
Cycle lanes mean less space from cars, says research
New research supported by UK cyclists' organisation CTC suggests that motorists give cyclists in cycle lanes less room than those riding on roads without lanes.
Using a bicycle with instruments that measure the distance of passing vehicles, Ciaran Meyers from the University of Leeds' Institute for Transport Studies studied three roads, each with and without cycle lanes on certain sections.
Meyers said his analysis showed that "significantly wider" passing distances were adopted by motorists on roads without cycle lanes when speed limits of 40-50mph were in force.
On a 9.5m-wide carriageway without a 1.45m-wide cycle lane the extra passing distances were 181mm (50mph) and 68mm (40mph) – enough to be deemed statistically significant.
When the speed limit reduced to 30mph, the extra passing distance where a cycle lane was not present was 37mm – not statistically significant.
All the cycle lanes were slightly narrower than the minimum width of 1.5m (5ft) recommended by the Department for Transport. The majority of Britain's cycle lanes do not comply with this guideline.
According to the research, when there is a cycle lane motorists drive within their own marked lane with less recognition of the need to provide a safe and comfortable passing distance to those using the cycle lane. The study concludes that "cycle lanes do not appear to provide greater space for cyclists in all conditions".
John Parkin of the University of Bolton, who was also involved in the study, said: "In the presence of a cycle lane, a driver is likely to drive between the cycle lane line and the centre line in a position which is appropriate for the visible highway horizontal geometry ahead of the driver.
"A cyclist within a cycle lane does not seem to cause a driver to adopt a different position in his or her lane. This has important implications for the width of cycle lanes and implies that their width should never be compromised."
CTC say they support the government's advice on the matter, which is that attempts should be made to reduce traffic volume and speed before considering implementing cycle lanes or, as a last resort, off-carriageway cycle tracks.
One possible solution to the problem of close overtaking of cyclists not mentioned by the CTC is simply to press for a national law in the French style – where motor vehicles must give at least 1m of space when overtaking a cyclist in a built up area and 1.5m elsewhere.


text:
Nitrogen (N) availability is a major factor limiting plant production in many terrestrial ecosystems and is a key regulator of plant response to elevated CO2. Plant N status is a function of both soil N availability and plant N uptake and assimilation capacity. As a rate-limiting step in nitrate assimilation, the reduction of nitrate is an important component of plant physiological response to elevated CO2 and terrestrial carbon sequestration. We examined the effects of elevated CO2 and N availability on the activity of nitrate reductase, the enzyme catalyzing the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, in two temperate forests —a closed canopy sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) plantation in Tennessee (ORNL) and a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stand in North Carolina (Duke).
Both CO2 and N had species specific impacts on nitrate reductase activity (NaR). Elevated CO2 and N-fertilization decreased mass-based foliar NaR in P. taeda (p<0.05), but there were no treatment effects on L. styraciflua NaR at ORNL or Duke. NaR in 1-yr P. taeda needles was significantly greater than in 0-yr year needles in all treatments (p<0.05). P. taeda NaR was negatively correlated with bio-available molybdenum concentrations in soils, suggesting that CO2 and N-mediated changes in soil nutrient status are altering soil-plant N-dynamics. The variation in response between species may reflect different N assimilation strategies and suggests that potential changes in plant N status under elevated CO2 may alter plant community N dynamics.


text: In most cases, the viscosity of blood is measured after adulteration with heparin or EDTA. The aim of the present research was to derive an equation that can be used for determination of viscosity from biochemical data. Blood samples taken from seven healthy people were analyzed in biochemical laboratory and their viscosities were measured by adding EDTA as anticoagulant. Ten parameters of biochemical laboratory including blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes) and their functional products that directly affect the blood viscosity were chosen. Several equations relating viscosity to those parameters were derived by using a computer program. According to the regression analysis of the functions derived, the viscosity equation was obtained. This equation can be used for determination of blood viscosity from classical laboratory analysis. The advantages of using the derived equation are elimination of anticoagulant addition and elimination of Fahraeus_Lindquist effect. After proving that the equation is acceptable for numerous people, apparent viscosity changes can be followed during any disease and successfulness of anticoagulant drugs can be investigated.


text:
AKA Pink Flamingo Oyster Mushrooms
The tropical Pink Flamingo Oyster mushrooms are named for their vibrant pink colour, and the scientific name is Pleurotus djamor.
They are in the Pleurotaceae family, along with the Phoenix or grey oyster mushroom, and are available year-round from Lindale Gourmet Mushrooms, Paraparaumu.
They grow in layered clusters like their grey oyster mushroom relative, and their colour is intensely pink when raw, changing to a gold yellow when it starts to cook, then through to an orange brown colour when fully cooked (this variety needs 20 minutes).
- Oyster mushrooms are a very good source of protein, fibre, potassium, vitamin B6, vitamin D and folate, and are low in carbs, fat, sugar, starch and calories.
- They are one of the best mushroom sources of ergothioneine, an antioxidant that may reduce instances of cardiovascular disease by preventing plaque build-up in the arteries.
How to use
- The meaty texture of the Pink Flamingo Oyster mushroom makes for a delicious edible mushroom.
- They can be sautéed with other vegetables, added to pasta dishes or soups, and compliment white sauces and risotto dishes.
- Due to their meaty texture, they require thorough cooking (around 20 minutes), and their bacon or ham type flavour intensifies the longer they are cooked.
- If stored in a cool place, Pink Flamingo Oyster mushrooms can be preserved for up to a week. They can also be dried for longer preservation.


Class ZipUtils
 - public final class ZipUtils
 extends Object
 Utility class to simplify accessing and creating zip files, and other packed formats.
 - Method Detail
 - unzipPathNames
 public static Set<String> unzipPathNames(BeanByteSource source)
 Unzips the source returning the file names that are contained.
 The result is a set of relative path names within the zip. Only files are returned, not folders.
 Parameters:
 source - the byte source to unzip
 Returns:
 the set of relative path names
 Throws:
 UncheckedIOException - if an IO error occurs
 - unzipPathNameInMemory
 public static Optional<ArrayByteSource> unzipPathNameInMemory(BeanByteSource source,
 String relativePathName)
 Unzips a single file from the source in memory.
 Callers can use unzipPathNames(BeanByteSource) to find the available names. The relative path name must match exactly that in the zip.
 Parameters:
 source - the byte source to unzip
 relativePathName - the exact relative path name that the file is stored as
 Returns:
 the unzipped file, empty if not found
 Throws:
 UncheckedIOException - if an IO error occurs
 - unzip
 public static void unzip(BeanByteSource source,
 Path path)
 Unzips the source to a file path.
 Empty folders in the zip will not be created.
 Parameters:
 source - the byte source to unzip
 path - the path to unzip to
 Throws:
 UncheckedIOException - if an IO error occurs
 SecurityException - if the path is not absolute and the calling thread cannot access system property "user.dir"
 - zipInMemory
 public static ArrayByteSource zipInMemory(List<? extends BeanByteSource> sources)
 Creates a zip file from the list of files in memory.
 Each source must have a file name. The output will not contain subfolders.
 Parameters:
 sources - the byte sources to zip
 Returns:
 the zip file
 Throws:
 UncheckedIOException - if an IO error occurs
 - unpackInMemory
 public static Map<String,ArrayByteSource> unpackInMemory(BeanByteSource source)
 Unpacks the source into memory, returning a map.
 This method loads the whole unpacked file into memory. Where possible, unpackInMemory(BeanByteSource, BiConsumer) should be preferred as it only loads files one at a time.
 Unpacking handles ZIP, GZ and BASE64 formats based entirely on the suffix of the input file name. If the input suffix is not recognized as a packed format, the consumer is invoked with the original file.
 Parameters:
 source - the byte source to unpack
 Returns:
 the map of unzipped byte sources, keyed by relative path name
 Throws:
 UncheckedIOException - if an IO error occurs
 - unpackInMemory
 public static void unpackInMemory(BeanByteSource source,
 BiConsumer<String,ArrayByteSource> consumer)
 Unpacks the source into memory, invoking the consumer for each entry.
 Unpacking handles ZIP, GZ and BASE64 formats based entirely on the suffix of the input file name. If the input suffix is not recognized as a packed format, the consumer is invoked with the original file. This method is not recursive.
 Parameters:
 source - the byte source to unpack
 consumer - the consumer, which is passed the relative path name and content for each entry
 Throws:
 UncheckedIOException - if an IO error occurs
 - decryptZip
 public static BeanByteSource decryptZip(BeanByteSource source,
 String password)
 Provides a new source that decrypts the specified source ZIP.
 This returns a wrapper around the input source that provides decryption. The result is normally passed directly into one of the other methods on this class.
 Parameters:
 source - the byte source to unpack
 password - the password to decrypt the input
 Returns:
 the decrypted zip file


to yellow as it ages, which indicates plainly on light-colored woods.
acrylic-altered veneer is produced from a mixture of a nonyellowing cellulose pitch (called cellulose acetic acid derivation butyrate, or cab) and acrylic. this veneer has the same general properties of nitrocellulose finish, with the exception of it is completely water-white, significance it won't demonstrate as a golden color when connected over light-hued woods. additionally, the completion won't turn yellow about whether.
catalyzed veneer crosses over any barrier between the requisition attributes of nitrocellulose enamel and the toughness of varnish. catalyzed veneer is a complex completion made out of urea formaldehyde or urea melamine and an alkyd that has some nitrocellulose gum added to make it handle like ordinary finish. the expansion of a corrosive impetus launchs a substance response that structures an exceptionally intense, solid completion. catalyzed finish comes in two forms: precatalyzed and post-catalyzed. precatalyzed veneer has the segments premixed, either by the producer or at the store when you purchase it; post-catalyzed finish is a two-part framework that you must blend in your shop, emulating exact proportions. once the impetus has been included, these polishes have a reasonably short pot life (the time in which they might be utilized).
water based finishes - water-based completion holds a portion of the same fixings as varnish and veneer - eminently urethane, alkyd and acrylic - yet numerous combustible and contaminating parts have been supplanted with water. the science in this item is unpredictable. since the saps don't have a common partiality for water, they must be artificially changed or compelled to consolidate with water.
water-based completion is normally made with either an acrylic tar (sold as water-based veneer) or an acrylic urethane mixture (sold as water-based polyurethane). similarly, as with varnish, the expansion of the urethane makes the gum harder and more scratch safe, yet water-based urethane does not have the same dissolvable and high temperature safety as its oil-based partner.
your level of experience, nature in which you work and whether you're set up to shower all have impact in choosing which complete to utilize. the temperature and soddenness of your shop, and in addition the measure of sanding clean buzzing around, will influence your decision. dust falling onto a completion does not act like incredible an issue with veneer or shellac as it might with a moderate drying complete, for example, varnish. shellac and enamel are likewise the slightest touchy in the matter of cool temperatures, and they could be adjusted with retarder added substances for hot and damp conditions. oils and oil-based items dry gradually in chilly temperatures and sticky conditions, and dust is dependably an issue when it has sufficient energy to get installed in the dried film.
shower supplies obliges a bigger plan and, much of the time, exorbitant gear to fumes the overspray. there's additionally a taking in bend with splashing, so it will probably take some practice before you get better than average effects.
your level of experience, nature's turf in which you work and whether you're set up to splash all have impact in choosing which complete to utilize. the temperature and sogginess of your shop, and in addition the measure of sanding clean buzzing around, will influence your decision. dust falling onto a completion does not act like extraordinary an issue with polish or shellac as it might with a moderate drying complete, for example, varnish. shellac and finish are additionally the minimum touchy in terms of chilly temperatures, and they could be adjusted with retarder added substances for hot and moist conditions. oils and oil-based items dry gradually in cool temperatures and damp conditions, and dust is dependably an issue when it has room schedule-wise to get inserted in the dried film.
spread supplies obliges a bigger plan and, by and large, costly gear to fumes the overspray. there's likewise a taking in bend with splashing, so it will probably take some practice before you get ok effects.
do you need a characteristic "in-the-wood" complete? then again does your work request an exquisite, profound, glass-smooth completion? is the shade of the completion an issue, or will yellowing of the completion be an issue in the future?
customarily, carpenters have turned to oil, wax or oil and varnish mixes, (for example, watco) for a regular looking completion. none of these simple to-apply completes dries to structure a hard surface film. in any case, you can get a regular looking impact with any completion - including varnish, shellac and polish - as long as you don't advance it more than a couple of covers and you rub out the dried film with steel fleece. yet in the event that your objective is a filled-pore, profound, radiant completion, you must utilize a hard, film-structuring completion (varnish, shellac or veneer). this kind of completion is additionally compulsory when you need to perform complex coloring choices like toning and coating.
the color and the infiltration of the completion itself may be an issue. orange shellac and phenolic-pitch varnish both have shades that may be excessively dim for woods that you may need to keep as light as could be expected under the circumstances. furthermore, numerous completions extend or obscure the wood surface. as a rule this is alluring, in light of the fact that it includes profundity and expansions radiance. in any case, you may need to downplay any developing impact. some carefully figured woods, (for example, pearwood) will seem sloppy when an oil completion is connected.
oil and oil-based varnish, dissolvable based enamel and shellac all extend the color of the wood and expansion surface radiance the most. these completions wet the cells of the wood, entering into the surface. other film completes - outstandingly water-based completions and some catalyzed veneers - have a tendency to lie on the surface. by not infiltrating it as much, they make the wood seem lighter in shade.
the plastic look that is some of the time attributed to polyurethane and catalyzed finishes has more to do with the wrong provision of these completions than it does with the completions themselves. on open-pored woods (plainsawn slag or oak, for instance) the provision of thick varnish and finish can bring about a soupy look on the surface. this is a result of the completion film spanning over the open pores instead of streaming into them. By diminishing these completions you can accomplish more alluring outcomes. my most loved technique to apply oil-based polyurethane is to thin the completion half with mineral spirits and wipe it on.
a completion film that turns yellow with age will be perceptible with unstained, light-hued woods, for example, maple or birch. an acrylic completion, wateror dissolvable based, does not have this issue. glue wax and some catalyzed completes additionally won't yellow.
a dissolvable based completion, for example, varnish and veneer, holds a great arrangement of natural solvents, which can influence nature's domain and additionally your health. it's likewise profoundly combustible. assuming that these particulars represent an issue for you, utilize a water-based completion to wipe out the blaze danger and to alleviate the ecological and health sway. immaculate oil is a shockingly great elective to a dissolvable based finish or varnish: pure oil holds no solvents and originates from renewable assets. Notwithstanding, oil-splashed clothes must be discarded deliberately. shellac is additionally a great elective. the dissolvable for shellac, denatured liquor, is refined from corn, and most individuals don't discover the brief smell offensive.
all completions are nontoxic when completely cured, regardless of what you may have perused or listened. once the solvents have dissipated, any cured film is ok for contact with sustenance. this does not imply that the completion itself is sheltered to chow down on. it implies essentially that added substances, for example, substantial metal driers and plasticizers are epitomized fine that they don't relocate into your nourishment. wax and shellac (fruits and confection are covered with these) are the main eatable completes that I'm mindful of, moreover mineral oil, which is sold as a purgative.
showering squanders an extraordinary arrangement of the completion material, and the natural solvents are scattered into the air. brushing or wiping on a completion is a viable, however less expedient, elective.


text:
With the increasing improvement of horizontal directional crossing technology and the increasingly strict requirements of the state on environmental protection policies, the horizontal directional crossing solid control system also has higher requirements. Horizontal directional crossing of solid control equipment is mainly reflected in the obstacles such as oil and gas pipelines crossing rivers, lakes, transportation trunks, and railway junctions. There are also a variety of separation techniques for the principle and technical method of horizontally directional crossing solid control to control the solid particles in the mud.
Environmental protection is a sensitive topic for us for a long time. Because the horizontal directional drilling mud contains many harmful substances and is of high value, the recovery of mud in the horizontal directional crossing system is the primary requirement of the owner for the construction. Construction units of horizontal directional crossing have purchased mud solid phase control equipment one after another to separate the waste solid phase and reuse it, turning waste into treasure, and have achieved considerable economic benefits. At the same time, it has also promoted the development of domestic horizontal directional through mud solid control system.
Horizontal directional crossing has not been developed in China or even the world for a long time. It does not have its own perfect system in drilling and mud. At present, it is largely absorbed and applied after the improvement of the oilfield process system. At the domestic level, the solid-phase separation method of directional through mud is somewhat similar to that of oil fields. There are mainly three methods of dilution, sedimentation and mechanical removal. GN Solids Control analyzes the difference between horizontal directional crossing mud and petroleum drilling mud, conducts detailed analysis and conducts a lot of field research and experiments. The successful R & D is in addition to the horizontal directional crossing solid control system specially designed for horizontal directional through mud. The main equipment includes shale shaker, centrifuge, and supporting pump system
At present, the horizontal directional through mud solid control and recovery system used in China is divided into domestic and imported, and the imports are mainly small, and they are matched with the rig when imported. The domestic ones are mainly large-scale and are prepared according to user needs.
According to different construction environments, the types and sizes of particles that need to be removed or suppressed, and the quality requirements of muds that need to be maintained are different. GN Solids Control can configure a reasonable and reliable solid control system for customers according to the actual working environment needs and combined with the company's previous successful cases.
If you have related requirements, please feel free to contact GN Solids Control.


Pedro Vale Estrela
Learn More
All the proposed IP mobility protocols assume that the mobile nodes always have a mobility-aware IP stack. On the other hand, efficient micro-mobility solutions entail specific topologies and mobile-aware routers, requiring major changes in the existing infra-structures. Major advantages are foreseen if mobility can be supported using the existing legacy(More)
All IP mobility protocols currently proposed by the IETF assume that the mobile nodes always have a mobility-aware IP stack, which is still a scenario that can seldom be found nowadays. Most terminals, including the laptops and PDAs which would most benefit of the mobility support, still use legacy IP stacks, limiting their use to layer 2 mobility within a(More)
In the field of mobility support, several mobility protocols resort to the use of triangulation mechanisms as a means of supporting fast handovers or basic connectivity. In order to reduce the maximum end-to-end delay of the packets, such triangulations can be later removed to enable direct routing of the data packets. However, using a simple update of this(More)
This paper describes a Terminal's Independent Mobility Architecture, TIMIP / sMIP, which supports IP mobility of legacy terminals, and presents a complete performance evaluation to compare the proposed architecture with alternative solutions, via simulation studies in complex scenarios featuring wired mesh topologies and wireless disjoint channels. The NS2(More)
This paper describes a local Route Optimization (RO) scheme applicable to IP micro-mobility protocols, which increases the protocols' efficiency and scalability while maintaining their fast-handovers capabilities. This is done by reducing and decentralizing the chain of agents that participate in the data forwarding to stationary mobile nodes. This generic(More)
 - 1


karinac-Project-07
karinac-project-07
//Karina Chiu
//Section C
//_EMAIL_
//Project-07
//number of points drawn on hypocycloid
var nPoints = 500;
function setup() {
 createCanvas(400, 400);
}
function draw() {
 background(234,187,196);
 //rotation by mouseX
 var angle = mouseX/200;

 // draw the curve
 push();
 translate(width / 2, height / 2);
 rotate(angle);
 drawHypocycloidCurve();
 pop();
}
function drawHypocycloidCurve() {
 var x;
 var y;
 var a = constrain(mouseX/5,0,width);

 fill(255);
 strokeWeight(3);
 stroke(150,46,63);
 beginShape();
 for (var i = 0; i < nPoints; i++) {
 var t = map(i, 0, nPoints, 0, TWO_PI);
 x = (1*a) * cos(t) + a * cos(7*t);
 y = (1*a) * sin(t) - a * sin(7*t);
 vertex(x,y);
 }
 endShape(CLOSE);
}
I started first by attempting to generate a simple astroid curve: Image result for astroid curve
In doing so, while looking up formulas and trying to figure out what each variable in the equation affects, I found out that an astroid is part of a bigger group called hypocycloids, which is "a special plane curve generated by the trace of a fixed point on a small circle that rolls within a larger circle."
_URL_
After creating a simple astroid that expands and contracts with the movement of the mouse, I decided I wanted to experiment with the other variables to see what other shapes I could make. Following the logic of the curves, I ended up with the flower-like shape that you see above. To complete the project, I added a rotation to the expanding flower.
Leave a Reply


To solve these problems, we construct the operator-sum representation of biological channel based on codon basekets (basis vectors), and determine the quantum channel model suitable for study of the quantum biological channel capacity and beyond. The transcription process, DNA point mutations, insertions, deletions, and translation are interpreted as the quantum noise processes. The various types of quantum errors are classified into several broad categories: (i) storage errors that occur in DNA itself as it represents an imperfect storage of genetic information, (ii) replication errors introduced during DNA replication process, (iii) transcription errors introduced during DNA to mRNA transcription, and (iv) translation errors introduced during the translation process. By using this model, we determine the biological quantum channel capacity and compare it against corresponding classical biological channel capacity. We demonstrate that the quantum biological channel capacity is higher than the classical one, for a coherent quantum channel model, suggesting that quantum effects have an important role in biological systems. The proposed model is of crucial importance towards future study of quantum DNA error correction, developing quantum mechanical model of aging, developing the quantum mechanical models for tumors/cancer, and study of intracellular dynamics in general.
 4. Quantum Biological Channel Modeling and Capacity Calculation
 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
 Ivan B. Djordjevic
 2012-12-01
 Full Text Available Quantum mechanics has an important role in photosynthesis, magnetoreception, and evolution. There were many attempts in an effort to explain the structure of genetic code and transfer of information from DNA to protein by using the concepts of quantum mechanics. The existing biological quantum channel models are not sufficiently general to incorporate all relevant contributions responsible for imperfect protein synthesis. Moreover, the problem of determination of quantum biological channel capacity is still an open problem. To solve these problems, we construct the operator-sum representation of biological channel based on codon basekets (basis vectors, and determine the quantum channel model suitable for study of the quantum biological channel capacity and beyond. The transcription process, DNA point mutations, insertions, deletions, and translation are interpreted as the quantum noise processes. The various types of quantum errors are classified into several broad categories: (i storage errors that occur in DNA itself as it represents an imperfect storage of genetic information, (ii replication errors introduced during DNA replication process, (iii transcription errors introduced during DNA to mRNA transcription, and (iv translation errors introduced during the translation process. By using this model, we determine the biological quantum channel capacity and compare it against corresponding classical biological channel capacity. We demonstrate that the quantum biological channel capacity is higher than the classical one, for a coherent quantum channel model, suggesting that quantum effects have an important role in biological systems. The proposed model is of crucial importance towards future study of quantum DNA error correction, developing quantum mechanical model of aging, developing the quantum mechanical models for tumors/cancer, and study of intracellular dynamics in general.
 5. FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV spectroscopic investigation, electronic properties, electric moments, and NBO analysis of anethole using quantum chemical calculations.
 Science.gov (United States)
 Sinha, L; Prasad, O; Chand, S; Sachan, A K; Pathak, S K; Shukla, V K; Karabacak, M; Asiri, A M
 2014-12-10
 FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of anethole (1-Methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene), a flavoring agent of commercial value, have been recorded in the regions 4000-400 and 4000-100cm(-1) respectively. The structure of the title molecule has been optimized and the structural parameters have been calculated by DFT/B3LYP method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The fundamental vibrational wavenumbers as well as their intensities were calculated and a good agreement between observed and scaled calculated wavenumbers has been achieved. UV-Vis spectrum of the title compound was recorded in the region 200-500nm and the electronic properties such as HOMO and LUMO energies and associated energy gap were calculated by Time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach. Nonlinear optical (NLO) study divulges the nonlinear properties of the molecule. Stability of the title molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been investigated using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The theoretical results were found to be in coherence with the measured experimental data. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
 6. Location of protons in anhydrous Keggin heteropolyacids H(3)PMo(12)O(40) and H(3)PW(12)O(40) by (1)H[(31)P]/(31)P[(1)H] REDOR NMR and DFT quantum chemical calculations.
 Science.gov (United States)
 Ganapathy, S; Fournier, M; Paul, J F; Delevoye, L; Guelton, M; Amoureux, J P
 2002-07-03
 HeteroPolyAcids (HPA's) are a class of solid acids that have broad applications in many fields of science and technology, including catalysis and chemical engineering. The proton locations within the thermally stable and commonly known Keggin unit, which is the primary structure building unit/block, has remained undetermined in anhydrous HPAs, despite numerous theoretical and experimental efforts. However, Rotational Echo DOuble Resonance (REDOR) NMR and Density Functional Theory (DFT) quantum chemical calculations offer a new opportunity to determine the exact locations of protons within the Keggin unit. The crucial experimental evidence is provided for the basic and very extensively studied acidic form of H(8-n)X(n+)M(12)O(40), X = Si, P and M = Mo, W, belonging to the Keggin structure. While showing that the acidic protons are located in the bridging oxygen positions (R(P-H) = 520 +/- 20 pm) in H(3)PMo(12)O(40) and in the terminal oxygen positions (R(P-H) = 570 +/- 20 pm) in H(3)PW(12)O(40), REDOR measurements also provide for the first time the structural basis to consistently rank the acid strength for the important class of Keggin solid catalysts.
 7. Synthesis, crystal structure analysis, spectral characterization, quantum chemical calculations, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanobenzo[d]isoxazole
 Science.gov (United States)
 Eryılmaz, Serpil; Gül, Melek; İnkaya, Ersin; İdil, Önder; Özdemir, Namık
 2016-10-01
 In this paper, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanobenzo[d]isoxazole was synthesized via 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition, characterized by spectroscopic analysis such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-Vis, LC-MS/MS, Elemental Analysis, and X-ray Single Crystal diffraction technique. The Density Functional Theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6-311G(d,p) basis set in the ground state was applied for quantum chemical calculations and molecular geometric parameters of the compound were compared with the X-ray analysis results. FT-IR, NMR and UV-Vis spectral analysis were analysed to determine the compliance with the vibrational frequencies, 1H NMR and 13C NMR chemical shifts and absorption wavelength values. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), some global reactivity descriptors, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), thermodynamic properties, non-linear optical (NLO) behaviour of the compound were examined with the same method in gas phase, theoretically. Moreover, antioxidant activity was determined with three different methods - DPPH radical scavenging, reducing and metal chelating, antimicrobial activity were carried out with Gram positive, Gram negative and Eukaryote for the title compound.
 8. Quantum Theory of Fast Chemical Reactions
 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
 Light, John C
 2007-07-30
 The aims of the research under this grant were to develop a theoretical understanding and predictive abiility for a variety of processes occurring in the gas phase. These included bimolecular chemical exchange reactions, photodissociation, predissociation resonances, unimolecular reactions and recombination reactions. In general we assumed a knowledge, from quantum chemistry, of the interactions of the atoms and molecular fragments involved. Our focus was primarily on the accurate (quantum) dynamics of small molecular systems. This has been important for many reactions related to combustion and atmospheric chemistry involving light atom transfer reactions and, for example, resonances in dissociation and recombination reactions. The rates of such reactions, as functions of temperature, internal states, and radiation (light), are fundamental for generating models of overall combustion processes. A number of new approaches to these problems were developed inclluding the use of discrete variable representations (D


Class ClassBreaksRenderer.ClassBreak
 - All Implemented Interfaces:
 JsonSerializable
 Enclosing class:
 ClassBreaksRenderer
 public static final class ClassBreaksRenderer.ClassBreak
 extends Object
 implements JsonSerializable
 Defines a single class break as used by ClassBreaksRenderer.
 It defines the min and max values for the renderer to use, the description, a label for use in a legend and the symbol that will be displayed. If a renderer is to be used with continuous class breaks, you only need to set the maximum value of each break. The minimum value will be defined by the maximum of the preceding class break. The first class break's minimum will be defined by ClassBreaksRenderer.setMinValue(double). Min values are treated as exclusive (or >) and max values are treated as inclusive (or <=) for class breaks.
 Since:
 100.0.0
 See Also:
 ClassBreaksRenderer
 - Constructor Detail
 - ClassBreak
 public ClassBreak()
 Creates a new empty ClassBreak instance.
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - ClassBreak
 public ClassBreak(String description,
 String label,
 double minValue,
 double maxValue,
 Symbol symbol)
 Creates a new ClassBreak instance with the specified description, legend label, min and max values and the symbol that will be displayed in a MapView.
 Parameters:
 description - the description
 label - the label
 minValue - the min value (exclusive or >) for this class break
 maxValue - the max value (inclusive or <=) for this class break
 symbol - the symbol to display for this class break; this can't be null
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - Method Detail
 - fromJson
 public static ClassBreaksRenderer.ClassBreak fromJson(String json)
 Creates a ClassBreak instance from a JSON string.
 Parameters:
 json - a JSON string that represents a ClassBreak
 Returns:
 a ClassBreak instance
 Throws:
 IllegalArgumentException - if json is null or empty
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - toJson
 public String toJson()
 Description copied from interface: JsonSerializable
 Serializes this object to a JSON string. Note that unknown JSON is omitted from the serialized string.
 Specified by:
 toJson in interface JsonSerializable
 Returns:
 a JSON string
 - getUnknownJson
 public Map<String,Object> getUnknownJson()
 Description copied from interface: JsonSerializable
 If this object was created from JSON, this method gets unknown data from the source JSON. Unknown JSON is a Map of values that were in the source JSON but are not known by the Runtime and therefore not exposed in the API.
 Specified by:
 getUnknownJson in interface JsonSerializable
 Returns:
 an unmodifiable Map containing unknown JSON data. The keys are Strings containing names. The types of the values depend on the types of tokens within the JSON as follows:
 - a Map<String, Object> represents an object in the JSON
 - a List<Object> represents an array in the JSON
 - a String represents a string in the JSON
 - a Double represents a number in the JSON
 - a Boolean represents true or false in the JSON
 - null represents null in the JSON
 - getUnsupportedJson
 public Map<String,Object> getUnsupportedJson()
 Description copied from interface: JsonSerializable
 If this object was created from JSON, this method gets unsupported data from the source JSON. Unsupported JSON is a Map of values that are supported by webmaps and known to the version of the webmap specification the API supports (see system requirements), but are not explicitly exposed through the Runtime API.
 Specified by:
 getUnsupportedJson in interface JsonSerializable
 Returns:
 an unmodifiable Map containing unsupported JSON data. The keys are Strings containing names. The types of the values depend on the types of tokens within the JSON as follows:
 - a Map<String, Object> represents an object in the JSON
 - a List<Object> represents an array in the JSON
 - a String represents a string in the JSON
 - a Double represents a number in the JSON
 - a Boolean represents true or false in the JSON
 - null represents null in the JSON
 - getMinValue
 public double getMinValue()
 Gets the class min value.
 Returns:
 the class min value
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - setMinValue
 public void setMinValue(double minValue)
 Sets the class min value which is exclusive (or >) for this class break.
 Parameters:
 minValue - the new class min value
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - getMaxValue
 public double getMaxValue()
 Gets the class max value.
 Returns:
 the class max value
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - setMaxValue
 public void setMaxValue(double maxValue)
 Sets the class max value which is inclusive (or <=) for this class break.
 Parameters:
 maxValue - the new class max value
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - getDescription
 public String getDescription()
 Gets the description.
 Returns:
 the description
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - setDescription
 public void setDescription(String description)
 Sets the description.
 Parameters:
 description - the description
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - getLabel
 public String getLabel()
 Gets the label, suitable for showing in a legend.
 Returns:
 the label
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - setLabel
 public void setLabel(String label)
 Sets the legend label, suitable for showing in a legend.
 Parameters:
 label - the new label
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - getSymbol
 public Symbol getSymbol()
 Gets the symbol used to draw this ClassBreak in a MapView.
 Returns:
 the symbol
 Since:
 100.0.0
 - setSymbol
 public void setSymbol(Symbol symbol)
 Sets the symbol used to draw this ClassBreak in a MapView. If the symbol is null, the features in the ClassBreak will not be drawn and be invisible.
 Parameters:
 symbol - the symbol
 Since:
 100.0.0


text:
For new installations a system-based approach is used that based on the installed power density. There are two different criteria:
1. If an entire building would be equipped with a new lighting system, the criterion for the installed light output (including lamps, ballasts and control units) divided by the total floor area in W/m2 must be applied.
In our case: 72W / 19,44m² = 3,70W / m².
2. When in a specific area of a building a new lighting system would be installed, so the criterion for the normalized power density in W/m2/100 lux must be applied. This means the total consumed energy of the lighting (including lamps, ballasts and control units) must be divided by the total floor area, and by a hundredth of the illuminance of the specific area.
In our case: 3,70W/m² / (34,6lx/100) = 10,7 W/m²/lx


text:
The Political Economy of Sugar in Southern Africa – Introduction
MetadataShow full item record
In this introductory paper we review historic and contemporary development of sugar cane production across the southern Africa. We argue that the region's sugar industry provides a useful lens through which to understand current dynamics of corporate capital and agricultural production in Africa. We identify three distinct elements of political-economic analysis: first, the operation of logics of capital investment in different settings; second, the nature of state policies and politics in different national contexts; and third, local processes of production, accumulation and livelihoods, including effects on labour and social differentiation. The paper draws on the empirical cases from seven southern African countries presented in this collection. It highlights the rapid concentration of corporate control by three South African companies over the past decade, but also a diverse set of outcomes contingent on local context. This is particularly evident in the nature of 'outgrower' sugar cane production which is found in all cases but constituted in different places by quite different social categories in terms of wealth and scale of production. We argue that common stereotypes of corporate investment as either 'win–win' or as a 'land grab' rarely apply. Rather, the nature and outcomes of 'outgrower' systems needs to be understood as a manifestation of context-specific political-economic relationships between corporate capital, national governments and a variety of local holders of capital, land and labour.
CitationAlex Dubb, Ian Scoones & Philip Woodhouse (2017) The Political Economy of Sugar in Southern Africa – Introduction, Journal of Southern African Studies, 43:3, 447-470, DOI: 10.1080/03057070.2016._PHONE_
Rights holder© 2016 The Author(s)
- IDS Research
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Charge-exchange collisions of 5 keV N+2 on Cs are examined using translational spectroscopy to identify the internal energy states of the fast neutralized products. Optical pumping of the reactant, N+2(A <- X) or Cs(2P <- 2S), is used to change selectively the electronic configurations and the reaction energy defect, while monitoring the resulting changes in the product state distribution. The N+2/Cs charge exchange yields N2 Rydberg states. A simple model of their formation would involve the transfer of the single outer electron in Cs into a Rydberg orbit built on the N+2 core. However, the present studies identify a surprising and highly efficient reaction mechanism in which the electronic configuration of the N+2 reactant is also changed during the electron transfer. This facile two-electron process, which occurs for both near-resonant and non-resonant reaction channels and has not been observed in other molecular charge-transfer reactions, is believed to be related to the very small energy separation between the ground and first excited electronic states of N+2.
J. Phys. B
van der Kamp, A. B., Beijersbergen, J. H. M., Cosby, P. C., & van der Zande, W. J. (1994). N+2 (A 2Pu ¬X 2S+g) excitation in the charge-exchange collision with caesium: two-electron effects at keV energies. J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys., 27, 5037–5053.


Aurora reliable data
 1. Hello, I am working in an experiment proposal for a contest at CERN, and I need reliable data about the Polar Aurora.
 The experiment consist in using a T9 beam to produce radiation similar to the Sun's radiation and irradiate with it a capsule with gas in conditions as close as possible to the atmosphere at the altitude where Auroras happen.
 The problem is the part of "similar to the Sun's radiation", because I can't find reliable data, every source has different information.
 Firstly it seems that nobody agrees if the ions take part in the Aurora or if it's just the electrons.
 Secondly the speed of the electrons, some sources say it is c/10, others 1000 km/s, other 400 km/s.
 And finally nobody agrees about the red auroras, some sources say they occur way higher in the atmosphere that the green ones, others say they happen after the green ones, and some people say that it only depends on the gases that are there.
 I have searched a lot but all the good articles are very expensive, besides they are kind of old and I don't even know if they will have the information I need.
 The reason I need this information is because I want to know how many GeVs the beam has to produce and what kind of target do we need to hit in order to produce the radiation needed, I don't want too energetic particles but also I don't want particles not energetic enough.
 2. jcsd
 3. Bobbywhy
 Bobbywhy 1,908
 Gold Member
 Hi Frigorifico! You have raised some interesting but complicated issues. Some scientists spend their entire lives studying and learning about Aurora. There are still many unanswered questions, so your experiment proposal just may help answer some of them.
 You haven't created a public profile here on Physics Forums, so since I don't know your educational level all I can do is guess. The below Wiki article gives a fairly good introductory overview of Aurora. I suggest you start with it:
 Now, as for the solar wind that is believed to cause the aurora, here is an excellent source to learn from: Kinetic Physics of the Solar Corona and Solar Wind, by Eckard Marsch at
 For a more in-depth study, here is a list you may find useful:
 4. Thanks Bobbywhy, I haven't seen the benefits of having a public profile, but now that you mention it I probably will make it public.
 Also thanks for the links, they seem very trustworthy.
 Could you please tell me some of those unanswered questions?, I think maybe I could focus my proposal a little bit more on how to answer some of them.
 5. Bobbywhy
 Bobbywhy 1,908
 Gold Member
 Are you referring to only visible emissions from the Aurora, or do you intend to include the radio frequency emissions as well? What about infrared, ultraviolet, and X-ray emissions?
 In a solar magnetic storm, a large number of protons and electrons is energized and pushed earthward from the long tail of the Earth's magnetic field. These electrons and protons (plasma) interact with the earth's magnetosphere. The electric currents that result produce the aurora.
 Both the Aurora and the Solar wind are types of plasma. Their interaction is governed by the laws of Magneteohydronamics (MHD). Auroras are now known to be caused by the collision of electrons, found in the magnetosphere, with atoms in the Earth's upper atmosphere (at altitudes above 80 km). These electrons are typically energized to levels between 1 thousand and 15 thousand electronvolts, far more than enough energy to ionize (elevate to excited states) atoms of air molecules such as oxygen and nitrogen. When atoms transition back to their ground (relaxed) states they emit visible light characteristic of the atoms. Some O+ ions ("conics") are accelerated by plasma waves in directions mainly perpendicular to the field lines. Both positive ions and negative electrons take some part in the Aurora.
 Operating the CERN T9 beam in the negative beam mode the fraction of electrons can be as high as 80% at 0.5 GeV/c but drops to ~5% at 5 GeV/c, for the electron enriched target. Are these momenta suitable to simulate the Auroral excitation modes?
 Students need to first register by the end of January, then submit a proposal for a research project to be conducted at the beam line by the end of March. Today, 22 March, seems a bit late to be so far away from a proposal.
 The first ionization energy of Nitrogen is 14.5 ev and of Oxygen is 13.6 ev.
 Very high in the ionosphere (above 180 miles), oxygen is the most common atom. The incoming energetic charged particles raise most of the oxygen atoms to their first excited state, creating the rare red (630.0 nm ) aurora. The strong yellowish-green light which is most common in auroras, is produced by excitation of oxygen atoms to their second excited state (557.7 nm) at a lower altitude, between 60 and 180 miles. Around 60 miles, oxygen atoms are few and nitrogen molecules produce a red light that often seems to form the lower fringes on Auroral curtains. Other colors appear, especially those emitted by atomic and molecular nitrogen (blue and purple), respectively.
 You need to decide if the CERN T9 beam will be an appropriate simulator of the Auroral process. There may be far simpler and less expensive ways to perform your experiment.
 As for unexplained Auroral mechanisms, no good explanations exists as yet for "poleward arcs" stretching sunward across the polar cap, the related "theta aurora", and "dayside arcs" near noon. These are relatively infrequent and poorly understood. Also other effects such as flickering aurora, "black aurora" and sub visual red arcs need explanations. In addition to all these, a weak glow (often deep red) has been observed around the two polar cusps, the "funnels" of field lines separating the ones that close on the day side of Earth from lines swept into the tail. The cusps allow a small amount of solar wind to reach the top of the atmosphere, producing an Auroral glow. Since solar activity is directly connected to our global climate, a more thorough understanding of the interaction between the solar wind and the earth's magnetosphere.
 Some of the data above was taken from "The Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere" at and "Plasma Universe" at
 3 people like this.
 6. mfb
 Staff: Mentor
 The CERN beam is nice for GeV protons, muons, pions and so on, but if you want fast electrons there are easier sources (beta decays, or direct electron beams). Low-energetic protons (sub-MeV to ~25 MeV) are available elsewhere, too.
 If you want to mimic the upper atmosphere, you need a very low gas density - probably so low that it will be hard to see any aurora effects within your small volume.
 7. As someone who sees his fair share of northern lights I can tell you that green is the most common. When red colors appear, they are always above the green. The winter of 2013-2014 has had very poor aurora showing, compared with prior years. I usually get my aurora forecast from Alaska Weather Watch - Astronomy, but that site pulls its information from NOAA's OVATION Aurora.
 The University of Alaska at Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute is another good source for aurora information.
 As I understand it, the green color is produced by exited oxygen ~60 miles up. The less common red color is also produced by oxygen, but ~200 miles up. Nitrogen produces blue or purple and is very rare. I have never seen a blue or purple aurora in the 23 years I have lived in Alaska. I cannot tell you if they are composed of protons or ions, all I know is that they are "charged particles," a plasma. So it could be either, or both. As to their speed, that depends on the speed of the Coronal Mass Ejection that produces the aurora. CME speeds vary from 20 km/s to 3,200 km/s with an average speed of 489 km/s.
 davenn likes this.
 8. Dotini
 Dotini 705
 Gold Member
 Some new experiments, both in the lab and in space, have come along to add to this knowledge. Magnetic energy is seen to be converted to particle energy over spatial scales that greatly exceed previous theories and simulations. Theta aurora appears to be explained. The MMS mission is now underway to expand this knowledge.
 Illustration of the Earth's magnetosphere showing it complexity. The Theta Aurora are now confidently linked to magnetic reconnection events in the lobes of the magnetotail. (Credit: NASA)
 The science paper explains that what was previously observed by only lower altitude spacecraft was captured by Cluster within the magnetotail lobes. The southerly lobe's plasma – ionized particles – was very energetic. The measurements revealed that the southern lobe of the magnetotail was acting as a bottle and the particles were bouncing between twomagnetic mirrors, that is, the lobes were close due to reconnection. The particles were highly energetic.
 Last edited: Mar 17, 2015
Have


Mesmerizing video of 'Waterfall Clouds' in Aizawl goes viral
1 min read
Mesmerizing video of 'Waterfall Clouds' in Aizawl goes viral
A mesmerizing video of clouds flowing off a height like a waterfall in Aizawl is going viral.
The video was shared on Facebook by Aziz Barbhuiya, and has been viewed and shared thousands of times on social media.
The viral clip shows clouds descending from a higher level to a lower one, with many saying it looked like a fluffy waterfall.
Watch the video here:
Waterfall Clouds
The stunning visual comes from a phenomenon known as orographic clouds that are commonly known as "waterfall clouds". These clouds are generally associated with a moist airflow over mountainous areas.
It usually occurs when stable air encounters a mountain, and is lifted upward, cooling as it rises. Water vapour in the moist air could condense, making it visible as a cloud. So when orographic clouds flow down from the tops of mountains, it often looks like a waterfall.
Related Articles
Women in Politics: The Northeast Context
2 min read
Northeast India: Times Are Changing
4 min read
🎉 You've successfully subscribed to MORUNG!


text:
Tuesday 18 June
Grey matplant (Tiquilia nesiotica)
Grey matplant fact file
- Find out more
- Print factsheet
Grey matplant description
Growing in sparsely distributed clumps, Tiquilia nesiotica is one of the few plants that can tolerate the arid, ash-covered volcano slopes of the Galapagos (2). This species is a low-growing, small shrub, which spreads itself along the ground, forming a mat-like structure. Tiny, light-coloured hairs found on the stems and leaves reflect sunlight, giving this species a grey, rather than green, appearance (3). The base of Tiquilia nesiotica is woody (4), and clusters of small leaves grow from the ends and joints of the twigs, with tiny white flowers hidden amongst them (2).Top
Grey matplant biology
In order to survive in its harsh environment, Tiquilia nesiotica has evolved various strategies. Competition for water forces the individual plants to grow widely spaced apart, spreading their roots horizontally beneath the surface to maximise the uptake of any available moisture. Like many plants in arid regions, the small leaves and grey appearance of Tiquilia nesiotica are adaptations to reduce the amount of heat the plant receives, preventing damage to its photosynthetic tissue and reducing moisture loss (3). As one of the few plants able to colonise the barren volcanic slopes of the Galapagos, Tiquilia nesiotica plays an important ecological role, as its roots stabilise the loose, ashy soil (5), its flowers provide food for lava lizards, and its pollen and nectar are a source of nutrition for insects (2).Top
Grey matplant rangeTop
Grey matplant habitat
Tiquilia nesiotica occupies the arid zone of the Galapagos, an inland area that stays extremely dry for most of the year, where it mainly grows on the ash-covered slopes of volcanoes (2).Top
Grey matplant status
Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List (1).Top
Grey matplant threats
With its restricted range, and populations clustered around the slopes of a small number of volcanoes, it is possible that, in the future, the effects of human activities or unforeseeable natural events could rapidly cause Tiquilia nesiotica to become Critically Endangered or even Extinct (1). One obvious human-induced threat to this species is people climbing the scenic volcanoes that it grows upon, causing disturbance to the loose substrate and thereby destroying the plants (6).Top
Grey matplant conservation
The Galapagos National Institute (INGALA) employs a number of measures to reduce the impact of tourists on the Galapagos' environment. Regulations for tourist conduct are well enforced and trails and walkways are provided to prevent degradation and destruction of the local wildlife (7). Nevertheless, threats to the Galapagos such as introduced species and increased demand for resources are ongoing, and continuous conservation action is required in order to preserve the islands' unique environment (8).Top
Find out more
To learn more about conservation in the Galapagos visit:
- The Galapagos Conservation Trust:
AuthenticationThis information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact: _EMAIL_
- A species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area.
- Plant tissue capable of photosynthesis, a metabolic process in which carbon dioxide is broken down, using energy from sunlight absorbed by the green pigment chlorophyll. Organic compounds are made and oxygen is given off as a by-product.
- IUCN Red List (April, 2008)
- Jackson, M.H. (2001) Galapagos: A Natural History. University of Calgary Press, Calgary.
- Williams, E.H. (2005) The Nature Handbook: A Guide to Observing the Great Outdoors. Oxford University Press US, New York.
- Horwell, D. and Oxford, P. (1999) Galapagos Wildlife: A Visitor's Guide. Bradt Travel Guides, Chalfont St. Peter.
- Stephenson, M. (2000) The Galapagos Islands: The Essential Handbook for Exploring, Enjoying & Understanding Darwin's Enchanted Islands. The Mountaineers Books, Washington.
- Kricher, J.C. (2006) Galapagos: A Natural History. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
- The Galapagos National Institute (October, 2008)
- The Galapagos Conservation Trust (October, 2008)
MyARKive offers the scrapbook feature to signed-up members, allowing you to organize your favourite ARKive images and videos and share them with friends.
Terms and Conditions of Use of Materials
Copyright in this website and materials contained on this website (Material) belongs to Wildscreen or its licensors.
Visitors to this website (End Users) are entitled to:
- view the contents of, and Material on, the website;
- download and retain copies of the Material on their personal systems in digital form in low resolution for their own personal use;
- teachers, lecturers and students may incorporate the Material in their educational material (including, but not limited to, their lesson plans, presentations, worksheets and projects) in hard copy and digital format for use within a registered educational establishment, provided that the integrity of the Material is maintained and that copyright ownership and authorship is appropriately acknowledged by the End User.
End Users shall not copy or otherwise extract, alter or manipulate Material other than as permitted in these Terms and Conditions of Use of Materials.
Additional use of flagged material
Green flagged material
Certain Material on this website (Licence 4 Material) displays a green flag next to the Material and is available for not-for-profit conservation or educational use. This material may be used by End Users, who are individuals or organisations that are in our opinion not-for-profit, for their not-for-profit conservation or not-for-profit educational purposes. Low resolution, watermarked images may be copied from this website by such End Users for such purposes. If you require high resolution or non-watermarked versions of the Material, please contact Wildscreen with details of your proposed use.
Creative commons material
Certain Material on this website has been licensed to Wildscreen under a Creative Commons Licence. These images are clearly marked with the Creative Commons buttons and may be used by End Users only in the way allowed by the specific Creative Commons Licence under which they have been submitted. Please see _URL_ for details.
Any other use
Please contact the copyright owners directly (copyright and contact details are shown for each media item) to negotiate terms and conditions for any use of Material other than those expressly permitted above. Please note that many of the contributors to ARKive are commercial operators and may request a fee for such use.
Save as permitted above, no person or organisation is permitted to incorporate any copyright material from this website into any other work or publication in any format (this includes but is not limited to: websites, Apps, CDs, DVDs, intranets, extranets, signage, digital communications or on printed materials for external or other distribution). Use of the Material for promotional, administrative or for-profit purposes is not permitted.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Skip To Content
ArcGIS Enterprise on Amazon Web Services and the AWS Management Console
The Amazon Web Services (AWS) Management Console is a web application that you can use to administer the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances and other resources that you have created on AWS. Typically, you use ArcGIS Enterprise on Amazon Web Services deployment tools to create deployments and then you use the AWS Management Console to prepare resources and accomplish advanced administrative tasks such as adjusting security group rules or attaching more storage to your instances.
For information on which browser version to use with AWS Management Console, see the AWS documentation.
Advanced users who require more specialized configurations can create deployments using the AWS Management Console. In many cases, you can create EC2 instances using an Esri ArcGIS Enterprise Amazon Machine Image (AMI), which includes ArcGIS Enterprise software. Or, if you require a different operating system, for example, you may create EC2 instances from a different AMI and install and configure ArcGIS Enterprise on these instances.
Creating a deployment using the AWS Management Console is a multistep process that requires architectural planning and an understanding of Amazon Web Services.
The following is a summary example of a basic workflow to deploy ArcGIS Enterprise using the AWS Management Console and an Esri AMI. The approach you take may vary based on your deployment needs.
 1. Prepare to deploy on AWS.
 - Create an Amazon account and make sure it includes EC2 access.
 - The first time you use a new Amazon Machine Image, accept AWS Marketplace terms.
 - Create Amazon security groups for ArcGIS, configuring at least one security group that allows remote access.
 - For ArcGIS Enterprise deployments on a single EC2 instance, configure an Amazon Elastic IP address and map a fully qualified domain name to the IP address. Create the Elastic IP address in the same Amazon region as your deployment.
 - For deployments that include multiple machines (multiple EC2 instances), create Elastic Load Balancers (Classic) in the same Amazon region as your deployment. Create CNAME DNS mappings for each load balancer.
 2. Launch an AWS instance to create a base ArcGIS Enterprise deployment or a highly available portal and connect to the instance to license software.
 3. Create the ArcGIS Server roles you require and federate them with the portal.
 - Launch an EC2 instance for each federated server site you require. Use the same Esri AMI you used to create the portal.
 - Federate each site with the portal.
 4. If your users will publish services that reference registered data, set up a place to store your data on AWS.
 5. Move your data to AWS.
 6. Customize security on your AWS instances.
 7. Configure the ArcGIS Enterprise portal to meet your organization's needs.
 8. Prepare your production environment.
This help system describes many of the steps summarized above. Another helpful resource is the Amazon Web Services documentation, which explains how to use the AWS Management Console and how to program with Amazon Web Services.


()
isSelected()
isDisplayed()
Examples:
 //isDisplayed():
 boolean submitButtonDisplayed = firefoxDriver.findElement(By.id("SubmitUserInfoBtn")).isDisplayed();
 //isSelected():
 boolean submitButtonSelected = firefoxDriver.findElement(By.id("SubmitUserInfoBtn")).isSelected();
 //isEnabled():
 boolean submitButtonEnabled = firefoxDriver.findElement(By.id("SubmitUserInfoBtn")).isEnabled();
Question 24: How can you choose value in dropdown list?
You can use Select class in WebDriver to select a value from drop down list.
 //selectByValue:
 Select selectDropDownByValue = new Select(fireFoxDriver.findElement(By.id("Color_List_One")));
 selectDropDownByValue.selectByValue("redcolor");
 //selectByVisibleText:
 Select selectDropDownByVisibleText = new Select (fireFoxDriver.findElement(By.id("Color_List_Two")));
 selectDropDownByVisibleText.selectByVisibleText("green");
 //selectByIndex:
 Select selectDropDownByIndex = new Select(fireFoxDriver.findElement(By.id("Color_List_Three")));
 selectDropDownByIndex.selectByIndex(2);
Question 25: How can you use linkText to click a hyperlink?
You can use following code to locate web element using link text.
//Use link text to locate a url link.
 fireFoxDriver.findElement(By.linkText("_URL_")).click();
 //Use a partial link text to locate a url link
 fireFoxDriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("dev2qa.com")).click();
Question 26: Describe each navigation methods in WebDriver.
fireFoxDriver.navigate().to(String url) : Start a new web browser and navigate to the url.
fireFoxDriver.navigate().back() : Take user back to the previous webpage in web browser history.
fireFoxDriver.navigate().refresh() : Reload all the web elements in current webpage to refresh it.
fireFoxDriver.navigate().forward() : Take user to the next webpage in web browser history.
0 0 vote
Article Rating
Subscribe
Notify of
guest
This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.
0 Comments
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
0
Would love your thoughts, please comment.x
()
x


text:
Junction temperature is a key parameter that influences both the performance and the reliability of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module, while solder fatigue has a significant effect on the accuracy of junction temperature estimates using the electro-thermal model. In this paper, an improved electro-thermal model, which is independent of solder fatigue, is proposed to accurately estimate the junction temperature of IGBT module. Firstly, solder fatigue conditions are monitored in real time with the information of the case temperatures. Secondly, when solder fatigue is found, the update process of the electro-thermal model parameters is performed to match the model parameters with the fatigue device. With the above two-step process, the influence of solder fatigue on the accuracy of temperature estimates can be removed in good time. Experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited