Quadratically Constrained Channels with Causal Adversaries
Tongxin Li, Bikash Kumar Dey, Sidharth Jaggi, Michael Langberg, Anand D. Sarwate
We consider the problem of communication over a channel with a causal jamming adversary subject to quadratic constraints. A sender Alice wishes to communicate a message to a receiver Bob by transmitting a real-valued length-$n$ codeword $\mathbf{x}=x_1,...,x_n$ through a communication channel. Alice and Bob do not share common randomness. Knowing Alice's encoding strategy, an adversarial jammer James chooses a real-valued length-n noise sequence $\mathbf{s}=s_1,..,s_n$ in a causal manner, i.e., each $s_t (1<=t<=n)$ can only depend on $x_1,...,x_t$. Bob receives $\mathbf{y}$, the sum of Alice's transmission $\mathbf{x}$ and James' jamming vector $\mathbf{s}$, and is required to reliably estimate Alice's message from this sum. In addition, Alice and James's transmission powers are restricted by quadratic constraints $P>0$ and $N>0$. In this work, we characterize the channel capacity for such a channel as the limit superior of the optimal values of a series of optimizations. Upper and lower bounds on the optimal values are provided both analytically and numerically. Interestingly, unlike many communication problems, in this causal setting Alice's optimal codebook may not have a uniform power allocation - for certain SNR, a codebook with a two-level uniform power allocation results in a strictly higher rate than a codebook with a uniform power allocation would.
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text: Lab-on-a-chip microfluidic devices commonly manipulate biological fluids, which contain significant quantities of biomolecules, in particular proteins and DNA. This inevitably leads to the adsorption of these biomolecules to the surfaces of the devices through which the fluid flows. As the dimensions of these devices continue to decrease and approach the sub-micron range, this phenomenon will become more and more important. In this paper, we model the effect of protein adsorption on the flow of fluid through a microchannel, under the assumption that classical hydrodynamics applies. We predict that the adsorption of a thin layer of protein on the walls of a thin microchannel can significantly decrease the effective flow rate and velocity through the channel. Finally, we briefly mention the possibility that the increased wall roughness and modified wall chemistry, attributable to the deposition of the protein, could also lead to the modification of the flow, and in particular, may render the crucial "no-slip" wall condition invalid.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
What's in the Air? The Chemistry and Impact of Volcanic Smog (VOG)
The following "Reef Talk" program will be held at the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park Visitor Center on Thursday, January 24th from 6:30 pm—8:00 pm:
Presented by: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Students
In this presentation, a team of undergraduates from MIT's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering will discuss their recent measurements of the chemical composition of volcanic smog ("vog"). These students will be visiting the Big Island as part of an annual MIT class, "Traveling Research Environmental Experiences" (TREX), aimed at providing undergraduates with hands-on experience carrying out environmental fieldwork. The past two TREX trips (in January 2012 and January 2013) have focused on measuring two of the most noxious components of vog, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM), using both ground-based instruments and sensors onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Here the students will present their results from these studies, as well an overview of the chemical composition and impact of vog.
For more information about this project click here

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Cut Tourism VAT
Cut tourism VAT, boost british jobs
Some quick answers to frequently asked questions about the campaign.
What is different about VAT?
Unlike most aspects to do with taxation, VAT is regulated by the EU. Reduced rates can only be applied to a limited range of goods and services specified in the regulations.
So hotels and attractions are included amongst those services that can have a reduced rate?
Yes. The permitted goods and services include:
- Accommodation provided by hotels and similar establishments including the provision of holiday accommodation and the letting of camping sites and caravan parks,
- Restaurant services
Why have most countries applied reduced rates of VAT to tourism?
Most EU governments recognise that:
1. Tourism is highly price-sensitive and subject to intense international competition; reducing VAT leads to lower prices which increases tourism demand, and this can stimulate other parts of the economy
2. Increasing tourism in this way is a highly cost-efficient way of creating jobs, and these jobs span the socio-economic spectrum.
3. Direct revenues foregone because of the reduced VAT rate by government treasury departments can be more than made up by tax income from increased employment and company profits and by reduced social security payments for the unemployed.
So how would you summarise the impact of a VAT reduction?
In short, a reduced rate of VAT would:
1. Generate higher levels of employment, with increased wage levels and training. These benefits would occur throughout the age and socio-economic spectrum and throughout the UK.
2. Increase additional tax receipts as a result of this additional employment with consequential savings on social security payments.
3. Increase profits, corporation tax payments and shareholder dividends.
4. Lead to further investment in the industry, improving overall quality and therefore further improving the UK's competitiveness.
5. Feed through to higher expenditure in other sectors of the economy, which in turn will generate further tax receipts – the 'tourism multiplier'. Every additional £1 of tourism expenditure generates 70p of extra expenditure in other sectors of the economy,
Why should tourism be singled out for preference by the UK government?
On three main counts:
1. The higher rate of VAT in the UK makes the UK uncompetitive with nearly all other European competitor countries.
2. Tourism is the only export which is subject to a domestic tax.
3. The independent study by Deloitte/Tourism Respect forecasts that if VAT were reduced to five per cent for visitor accommodation and attractions, 78,000 full time equivalent jobs will be created in the accommodation and attractions sector.
But what will happen if VAT is not reduced on hotel accommodation and visitor attractions?
If VAT is not reduced, it's likely that:
1. The UK's share of international tourism receipts will continue to fall in comparison with European competitor countries.
2. The decline in domestic tourism expenditure by UK residents will continue (inflation adjusted domestic tourism expenditure fell by four per cent per annum between 2000 and 2008, before recovering slightly in 2009).
3. The decline in the proportion of total UK tourism expenditure spent on holidays at home relative to holidays abroad will continue. This has fallen from 50 per cent of total UK tourism expenditure in 2000 to 36 per cent in 2008.
All three scenarios conflict with the prime minister's stated aims for UK tourism and the aim of the government's tourism strategy.
Doesn't reducing VAT just mean that operators will make more profits?
In a survey of BHA members in January 2012, over 95 per cent of over 200 respondents said that if a five per cent VAT rate was achieved some or all of it would be passed on. 82 per cent said they would invest more in their product/facilities, 67 per cent would employ more people, 57 per cent would invest more in training and just under half (48 per cent) would increase staff wages.
Competition within the sector eventually compels operators to lower prices. The Copenhagen Economics study analysed six case studies where a VAT rate reduction had occurred. The report concluded that: '…there is little doubt that permanently lowering the VAT rate on particular goods (or services) sooner or later will lead to a reduction in the price of the goods more or less corresponding to the monetary equivalent of the lower VAT rate … In economics jargon, there will be a strong tendency towards full pass-through.'
('Pass through' here means that the full impact of the reduction in VAT is reflected in lower prices equivalent to the reduction in VAT.)
Similarly, there is little doubt, according to Copenhagen Economics, that the price cuts that result from a permanent lowering of VAT rate will lead to increased consumption and consequently to increased production and employment. Such increases will occur more rapidly and be more significant in sectors with high price elasticity, strong competition and labour-intensive sectors. Tourism displays all three of these characteristics. It can typically take two to three years for this full effect to be realised.
So, would a guarantee by the hospitality and attractions industry to reduce prices be effective?
Rack rates exist but many hotels operate yield management systems which use flexible pricing strategies which increase or reduce prices according to demand, similar to the airlines but unlike manufactured goods which normally have a standard price. A room selling at £100 at a time of slack demand may well rise to £200 at peak demand; as a result it may appear that the level of VAT has had no impact when, in fact, the benefit will be there but not obvious.
What about bed taxes?
In Europe and North America, bed taxes have been contemplated or initiated mainly at the city rather than at national level, so the impact on overall national or pan-European tourism has been limited. In some cases the experience has been that bed taxes have been counter-productive in that they increase overall price, making destinations uncompetitive – in exactly the way that occurs with high rates of VAT. Examples of where a bed tax has been introduced and subsequently removed include Rotterdam and the Balearic Islands.
How much will it cost the government to reduce VAT on hotels and visitor attractions?
According to the estimates in the Deloitte/Tourism Respect, report, the government will lose up to £1.2bn in foregone VAT per annum. However, as soon as the VAT reduction measure is introduced, it will set off a virtuous growth cycle – prices will come down, stimulating increased demand, leading to recruitment, investment and expansion in the sector. According to our detailed fiscal model, income will be generated for the Treasury that more than compensates for the foregone VAT revenue. HMT begins to recoup its investment within three years and, over a ten year period, this would become a net gain of £2.6bn.
But if London hotels are operating at 80 per cent plus average year-round occupancy, why do they need a reduction in VAT?
It's not just London hotels that will benefit. Provincial hotels, which operate at ten per cent lower occupancy, will also gain. The major factor keeping London hotel occupancy high is the rate of exchange which has greatly encouraged overseas visitors to the UK. This benefit has over-ridden the negative impact of the rise in VAT to 20 per cent but it reinforces how competitive international tourism is.
And it is not only hotels. Visitor attractions and all other forms of visitor accommodation will benefit including self-catering, B&Bs, holiday camps, caravan and chalet parks, camping sites.
In any case, if exchange rates stay as they are and London hotels continue to trade at high occupancy levels, this will stimulate further hotel construction which, in turn, will create jobs in construction as well as jobs in the new hotels – all the time increasing London's capacity to host visitors.
Website Design:


Petition rabbit welfare
Ban the sale of rabbits in pet shops and garden centres, classify rabbits as pets, require rabbit owners to provide outdoor rabbits with a run that is predator safe and at least 6 feet by ten feet long and 4 feet tall, and indoor rabbits free roam time out of cages of at least 4 hours each day, require that all rabbits receive vaccinations by age 8 weeks. Because over 30,000 in 2010 and over 35,000 rabbits were abandoned to shelters in 2011 and the numbers just keep rising. Rabbits are now rising in popularity as house pets and this is causing the numbers to rise.
This petition has been archived
19 signatures


text:
Craft Materials Required:
Thick white paper
Thick brown paper
one Popsicle stick
markers and crayons
Take a piece of white paper, of the size you want. Make sure it is longer than your Popsicle stick.
Take another piece of paper, about 1/3 of its length, but of the same width, as shown.
On the brown paper, draw out the face of a ground hog as shown.
Glue the face on to the top of the Popsicle stick.
Glue a strip of brown paper below the groundhog as shown.
Glue the second paper on top of the first paper as shown. leave space in the center for the groundhog on the Popsicle stick. The groundhog should be able to easily slide up and down.
Cut out grass shapes in green and glue them on the picture.
Decorate the rest of the picture with crayons
[tags]groundhog day, groundhogs day, crafts for groundhogs day, groundhog day crafts, groundhog day activities, crafts for kids, activities for kids, arts and crafts, groundhogs, woodchucks, crafts for preschoolers[tags]


about 50%. To avoid device damage, aeration temperatures should be less than 140º F.
Pulse continuously from vacuum to atmospheric (approximately) pressure and back. This helps sweep EO from the chamber. The rate of pulsing will be limited by equipment capability. No pulses have been reported at times less than 15 minutes, time from atmospheric pressure to vacuum back to atmospheric pressure.
Aerate longer at vacuum than at atmospheric or higher pressures. At vacuum there is little to no air or water molecules to block and slow the rate of EO degassing from the medical device.
Using less gas to sterilize reduces the amount of EO to be degassed. But it doesn't reduce total cycle time. Using 25% less EO to sterilize reduces aeration time about 5 to 10%--a savings of one hour in aeration. But, to use 25% less EO, we must increase exposure time by one hour. Using less EO results in a net trade-off of zero in reducing total cycle time, one hour more exposure offset by one hour less aeration.
We validate shorter aeration times, so we know we can reduce aeration time safely without leaving higher EO residues on the medical devices. The validation occurs in the following manner. First, measure the residue left after aeration, using the current long cycle. We measure residue on a hard-to-aerate material, PVC tubing. Although PVC is not generally in re-usable devices, medical device manufacturers have found it to be one of the toughest of all device materials to aerate. PVC tubing is placed in the chamber at the same locations we use barrier packs to measure efficacy. Second, measure residues on the PVC tubing using shorter aeration times. Third, if the residue left after short cycle aeration is no more than the residue left after the current aeration, we have demonstrated that the short cycle did not leave a higher residue and worked as well as the current cycle. Note: Residues are measured by an outside laboratory that specializes in such procedures.
Some service companies now offer short cycle upgrades. Upgrade costs range from $5,000 to $20,000. The hospital must validate these service company cycles. One firm is developing new control systems and seeking an FDA 510K so that they may offer them to any US hospital. The hospital would not have to validate a 510K cycle. These systems are expected to cost $15,000 to $20,000 installed. For either type of upgrade, the hospital can save 25% on gas cost, can double the number of cycles run each day, or can start the sterilizer late in the afternoon, knowing that sterilized devices will be ready for early morning surgery.
21st Century Blend--Steriflo® Sterilant Gas
Oxyfume 2002 and Penn Gas 2 blends use HCFCs which have 0.02+ Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), a measure of a chemical's potential to deplete the stratospheric ozone that protects life on earth. The ODP is 2% of the ODP of 12-88 sterilant that was phased out in 1995. For this reason, under the Clean Air Act, hospitals may continue to use these materials in existing sterilizers until the year 2030 and may buy new sterilizers with these materials until the year 2015.
A new blend, with the brand name, Steriflo, has been developed. It has zero ODP and, under the Clean Air Act, may be used into the indefinite future with no expectation of a phase-out date. The new blend uses HFCs to control EO flammability.
The HFC blend offers other benefits over the current blends. It contains about 5% more ethylene oxide, so no matter what cycle the hospital uses, it can use about 5% less gas. In cycle studies with barrier packs, Steriflo sterilizes much faster than the current blends, meaning the operator can sterilize with less exposure time or in the same time with less gas, and Steriflo can be substituted in the same sterilizer with few equipment changes.
Steriflo provides the same benefits now available to the sterilizer operator. This sterilant gas offers:
 - Non-flammablity.
 - Highest available low-temperature SAL.
 - Compatibility with the most device and packaging materials.
 - Ability to sterilize most types of and largest size devices.
 - Usability in improved cycles.
 - Extended use of a sterilizing technology proven over the last 50 years.
Steriflo is now being validated in Europe and the US by medical device manufacturers and sterilizer makers. First conversions will begin in Canada and Europe. US use of the new blend will not start until it has been validated and is registered as a pesticide by the EPA. Expected date release for this product is 2001 to 2002.
Hospitals will continue to use EO sterilization because it sterilizes in a penetrating fashion. Hospitals will continue to use blend sterilizers because EO blend sterilizers have shown the good sterility assurance and high throughput. Improved cycles make the blend sterilizer both economic and flexible. The 21st Century Blend EO/HFC further enhances sterilizer performance while its zero ozone depleting properties make it a sterilant for the future. Most importantly, it is not subject to the 2030 phase-out date that affects the current blend sterilants.
Steve Conviser is the sterilant manager at Honeywell (Morristown, NJ).
For references, access the ICT Web site.
For a complete list of references click here
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I have to find out which feature is identified on the map, thus subsequently read the attributes of the feature, and then do some logic to plot a time series graph. Is it possible to find out which feature is identified on the map using the identify tool, or alternatively is it possible to find a graphic below a mouse click using python in ArcGIS.
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Short answer: No.
Long answer: Access to the user interface from python (ArcPy) is very restricted. You generally can do less in ArcPy than e.g. in the .NET interface of ArcObjects. But it seems that even in AO that task is impossible. The Identify tool doesn't seem to have any interface to access the objects which are currently displayed. Ergo, it is impossible to do what you ask for.
[edit] What you CAN do is to program a new tool, add it to a toolbar, click on one of your desired features and execute your other code from that command.
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What is the origin of the name "Harrison"?
According to Think Baby Names, Harrison is a masculine name of Old English origin. The Baby Name Wizard says this name was originally used as a surname in the Middle Ages. The name means "son of Henry" or "son of Harry."
According to Think Baby Names, Harrison is a popular boy's name. It ranked 568th out of 1,220 masculine names based on the 2000 U.S. Census data. It is also a popular last name, ranking 115th out of 88,799 surnames.
Think Baby Names lists Harris and Harrisson as two possible variants of Harrison. Some popular people named Harrison are actor Harrison Ford and astronaut Harrison Schmitt.
Q&A Related to "What is the origin of the name "Harrison"?"
george harrison: English rock star
What is definition of time management, and why does it matter? Does it seem that your life is running faster and faster? Are responsibilities at work, school or home driving you to
George Harrison was born February 25, so he is a pisces! I <3 George Harrison!
Arthur. Except in later years when he called it "Cyril" True!
1 Additional Answer
Ask.com Answer for: what is the definition of harrison
American political leader (father of William Henry Harrison).
twenty-third president of the U.S. 1889–93 (grandson of William Henry Harrison).
English singer and songwriter: lead guitarist for the Beatles.
English architect in the U.S.
English stage and film actor.
More Definitions
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Source: Dictionary.com


text:
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Synopsis of Tire-Pavement Interaction Research
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Published November 01, 1989 by SAE International in United States
Annotation ability available
A critical assessment has been conducted of research and experience information on tire types and tire pressures and their interactions as they influence the performance of asphalt concrete pavements, particularly with regard to premature rutting. The extensive amount of research (completed and in progress) and experience worldwide in the pavement-vehicle area indicates a strong trend toward consideration of the interaction between pavement characteristics such as roughness and ride quality and vehicle components such as suspension systems, axle configurations, and tires during the design of both pavements and vehicles. Two specific problem areas identified as in need of further research and other considerations are (a) the determination of realistic tire-pavement contact pressures for asphalt pavements and (b) tire-type selection such as the use of wide-base single tires as a replacement for conventional dual tire assemblies.
CitationSmith, H., "Synopsis of Tire-Pavement Interaction Research," SAE Technical Paper 892455, 1989, _URL_
- Highway Research Board, The AASHO Road Test , Special Report 73 Washington, D. C 1962
- American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Guide for Design of Pavement structures Washington, D. C. 1986
- Finn F. N. Saraf C. L. Development of Pavement Structural Subsystems , NCHRP Report 291, Transportation Research Board Washington, D. C 1986
- Thompson M. Barenberg E. Calibrated Mechanistic Structural Analysis Procedures for Pavements , Progress Report on NCHRP Project 1-26 University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois
- Betenson U. B. et al. "Asphalt Pavement Rutting in Western States" Western Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 1984
- FHWA Technical Advisory 5040.27, Asphalt Concrete Mix Design and Field Control . Federal Highway Administration Washington, D. C.
- Von Quintus H. et al. Development of Asphalt-Aggregate Mixtures Analysis System , Progress Report on NCHRP Project 9-6, Brent Rauhut Engineering, Inc. Austin, Texas
- Middleton D. R. Roberts F. L. Chira-Chavala T. "Measurement and Analysis of Truck Tire Pressures on Texas Highways" Transportation Research Board, Record _PHONE_
- DeCabooter P. H. "Wisconsin Truck Tire Study" Wisconsin DOT Madison, Wisconsin 1988
- Bartholomew C. "The Effect of Tire Pressure on Rutting" Colorado Department of Highways Denver, Colorado
- Bonaquist R. Surdahl R. Mogawer W. Effects of Tire Pressure on Flexible Pavement Response and Performance , (Draft), Federal Highway Administration Washington, D. C. 1989
- Yap P. "A Comparative Study of the Effect of Truck Tire Types on Road Contact Pressures" Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, Pennsylvania 1988
- Sharp K. G. Sweatman P. E. Potter D. W. "A Comparative Study of the Effects of Wide Base Single and Dual Tires on Rebound Pavement Deflection" Australian Road Research Board 1986
- Huhtala M. Pihlajamaki J. Pienmaki M. "The Effects of Tires and Tire Pressures on Road Pavements" Technical Research Center Finland Presented at TRB Meeting January 1989
- Sebaaly P. Tabatabaee N. "Effect of Tire Pressure and Types on the Response of Flexible Pavement" Pennsylvania Transportation Institute University Park, PA. Presented at TRB Meeting January 1989

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: The present work seeks to explore the accuracy and precision of proton MR oximetry imaging (MOXI) in silico. MOXI technique relies on the separation of oxygen sensitive T2Blood from the bi-exponential nature of overall T2 decay. The bi-exponential T2 decay models with Rician distribution noise were numerically generated, simulating the preclinical prostate tumor model experiments. The present in silico study showed the feasibility of the proton based MOXI technique. However, the results suggest that the MOXI technique may lack the accuracy and precision of measuring short T2Blood (< 30 ms), which is essential to measure hypoxia in a tumor.


text:
FDC Name: The Summer Palace
Issue date: 10th May 2008
Details: Six value set of stamps in nice 3nos of FDC.The details of the individual stamps are as follows
- 1.20 Yuan: Shiqikong Bridge (Seventeen-Arch Bridge)
- 1.20 Yuan: Long Corridor
- 1.20 Yuan: The Marble Boat
- 1.20 Yuan: Garden of Harmonious Interests
- 1.20 Yuan: Yudai Bridge (Jade Belt Bridge)
- 1.20 Yuan: Back Lake
The Summer Palace or Yi he yuan ; literally "Garden of Nurtured Harmony") is a palace in Beijing, China. The Summer Palace is mainly dominated by Longevity Hill (60 meters high) and the Kunming Lake. It covers an expanse of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is water. The central Kunming Lake covering 2.2 square kilometers was entirely man made and the excavated soil was used to build Longevity Hill. In its compact 70,000 square meters of building space, one finds a variety of palaces, gardens, and other classical-style architectural structures.
The Summer Palace started out life as the Garden of Clear Ripples in 1750 (Reign Year 15 of Emperor Qianlong). Artisans reproduced the garden architecture styles of various palaces in China. Kunming Lake was created by extending an existing body of water to imitate the West Lake in Hangzhou. The palace complex suffered two major attacks--during the Anglo-French allied invasion of 1860 (with the Old Summer Palace also ransacked at the same time), and during the Boxer Rebellion, in an attack by the eight allied powers in 1900. The garden survived and was rebuilt in 1886 and 1902. In 1888, it was given the current name, Yihe Yuan. It served as a summer resort for Empress Dowager Cixi, who diverted 30 million taels of silver, said to be originally designated for the Chinese navy (Beiyang Fleet), into the reconstruction and enlargement of the Summer Palace.
Details:Nice 3FDC with complete set of 6 stamps was posted by my friend from China by registered post and reached here today.All these FDC(set of 3) are numbered by the China post & my FDC no is 008390.


text:
The Golden Helmet of De Peel: Fact and Fiction
14 January until 4 December 2011
Part of the Archaeology of the Netherlands department will be reserved for temporary exhibitions about subjects in Dutch archaeology. This exhibition about the Golden Helmet of De Peel was the first in the series.
Spectacular find in the marshlands
One hundred years ago, the peat-cutter Gebbel Smolenaars made a spectacular find in the marshlands of De Peel. On 15 June 1910, while digging for peat, he found something very different: a silver-gilt helmet from the Roman period. He also discovered a fibula (brooch), a spur, harness bells, and Roman coins. The helmet was polished and put on display at Smolenaars's cottage, where visitors paid ten cents for a chance to admire the treasure. It was later sold to the National Museum of Antiquities.
Fact and fiction: Tales of the Roman helmet
This small-scale exhibition explores not only the Roman helmet itself, but also the stories told about it over the past 100 years. How did a soldier's golden helmet end up in the marsh? Who was the mysterious knight of De Peel? And did the peat-cutters find the entire hoard of treasure? Over the past hundred years all these questions have received many different answers, some based on the facts and some on fiction. The helmet has stirred many people's imaginations. It was a magnificent find, one of the leading twentieth-century archaeological discoveries in the Netherlands.


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Python map function to find row with maximum number of 1's
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 - Difficulty Level : Basic
 - Last Updated : 28 Jul, 2022
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Given a boolean 2D array, where each row is sorted. Find the row with the maximum number of 1s.
Examples:
Input:
matrix =
 [[0, 1, 1, 1],
 [0, 0, 1, 1],
 [1, 1, 1, 1],
 [0, 0, 0, 0]]

Output: 2
We have existing solution for this problem please refer Find the row with maximum number of 1's. We can solve this problem in python quickly using map() function. Approach is very simple, find sum of all 1's in each row and then print index of maximum sum in a list because row having maximum 1 will also have maximum sum.
Implementation:
Python3
# Function to find the row with maximum number of 1's
def maxOnes(input):

 # map sum function on each row of
 # given matrix
 # it will return list of sum of all one's
 # in each row, then find index of maximum element
 result = list(map(sum,input))
 print (result.index(max(result)))

# Driver program
if __name__ == "__main__":
 input = [[0, 1, 1, 1],[0, 0, 1, 1],[1, 1, 1, 1],[0, 0, 0, 0]]
 maxOnes(input)
Output
2
Complexity : O(M*N)
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text:
January 31, 2023 — Berkeley, CA – Atom Computing has been selected by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to explore how atomic arrays of neutral atoms could accelerate the path to fault-tolerant quantum computing.
The company received a project award and funding to develop a next-generation system as part of DARPA's Underexplored Systems for Utility-Scale Quantum Computing (US2QC) program. According to DARPA, the primary goal of the US2QC program is to determine if an underexplored approach to quantum computing is capable of achieving utility-scale operation much sooner than conventional predictions.
For this project, Atom Computing will focus on the scalability of atomic array-based quantum computing and the capability of the company to produce systems based on the technology. Atom Computing has shown early demonstrations of its speed and the scalability of its technology by being the fastest company to develop a 100-qubit prototype and demonstrating record coherence times.
The DARPA-sponsored project will explore new ways to scale qubit count for larger systems, additional layers of entanglement connectivity for faster performance, and a broader set of quantum error correction algorithms for fault tolerance.
"In order to realize the scaling advantages of our quantum computing technology, there are a number of engineering challenges that need to be overcome. With DARPA's support, we will be able to accelerate our development timeframe", said Rob Hays, CEO of Atom Computing. "We are honored to be selected for such an important program to advance Atom Computing and the United States toward utility-scale quantum computing."
To learn more about Atom Computing visit: _URL_.
About Atom Computing


What is the Difference Between Activity Coefficient and Fugacity Coefficient
Activity coefficient and fugacity coefficient are useful terms in thermodynamics and physical chemistry, particularly in the context of solutions or mixtures. The difference between activity coefficient and fugacity coefficient lies in their respective applications within thermodynamics.
What is the difference between activity coefficient and fugacity coefficient? Activity coefficient, denoted by γ, is used in the context of solutions, especially non-ideal solutions, while fugacity coefficient, denoted by φ, is used in the context of gases, especially non-ideal gases.
Key Areas Covered
1. What is Activity Coefficient
 – Definition, Features, Calculation
2. What is Fugacity Coefficient
 – Definition, Features, Calculation
3. Similarities Between Activity Coefficient and Fugacity Coefficient
 – Outline of Common Features
4. Difference Between Activity Coefficient and Fugacity Coefficient
 – Comparison of Key Differences
5. FAQ: Activity Coefficient and Fugacity Coefficient
 – Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
Key Terms
Activity Coefficient, Fugacity Coefficient
Difference Between Activity Coefficient and Fugacity Coefficient - Comparison Summary
What is Activity Coefficient
Activity coefficient is a measure of the deviation of a solution's behavior from ideal behavior. In an ideal solution, the interactions between solvent and solute molecules are assumed to be equivalent to those between solvent-solvent and solute-solute molecules. However, in real solutions, especially when the solute concentration is high or when the solute molecules are significantly different in size or polarity from the solvent molecules, deviations from ideal behavior occur.
The activity coefficient (γ) is defined as the ratio of the actual concentration of a species to its concentration as predicted by an ideal solution. Mathematically, it is expressed as:
a = γc
Where:
 - a is the activity of the species,
 - c is its concentration,
 - γ is the activity coefficient.
Activity coefficient accounts for the non-ideality of a solution by adjusting the concentration term to reflect the true behavior of the solution. When
γ=1, the solution behaves ideally. However, when
γ≠1
the solution deviates from ideal behavior, and the activity coefficient becomes necessary to correct the concentration term.
Activity Coefficient
Activity coefficients are influenced by various factors such as temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solute and solvent molecules. They are typically determined experimentally through measurements of colligative properties, such as osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, or freezing point depression.
What is Fugacity Coefficient
Fugacity coefficient is a crucial concept in thermodynamics and chemical engineering, particularly in the study of phase equilibria and the behavior of real gases and liquids. It is denoted by the symbol φ and is defined as the ratio of the fugacity of a component in a mixture to its partial pressure under the same conditions of temperature, pressure, and composition. The fugacity of a component is a measure of its tendency to escape or vaporize from a mixture, analogous to pressure for ideal gases.
In simpler terms, the fugacity coefficient accounts for deviations from ideal behavior in gases and liquids. For ideal gases, the fugacity coefficient is equal to 1, indicating that the gas behaves according to the ideal gas law. However, real gases and liquids often deviate from ideal behavior due to intermolecular interactions and non-ideal conditions.
The fugacity coefficient varies with changes in temperature, pressure, and composition of the mixture. It is often determined experimentally or calculated using thermodynamic models such as the Van der Waals equation of state or the Redlich-Kwong equation. These models incorporate correction factors to account for deviations from ideal behavior and provide more accurate predictions of phase equilibria.
Understanding fugacity coefficients is essential in various industrial processes, such as chemical reactions, separation processes, and gas purification. Engineers use fugacity coefficients to design and optimize processes, ensuring efficient operation and accurate prediction of equilibrium conditions. Additionally, fugacity coefficients play a crucial role in environmental studies, particularly in modeling gas-phase reactions and predicting pollutant behavior in the atmosphere.
Similarities Between Activity Coefficient and Fugacity Coefficient
 1. Both activity coefficient (γ) and fugacity coefficient (φ) are correction factors used to adjust for deviations from ideal behavior in solutions or mixtures.
 2. In both cases, these coefficients affect equilibrium calculations.
Difference Between Activity Coefficient and Fugacity Coefficient
Definition
 - Activity coefficient (γ) measures the non-ideality of a solution, specifically how the activity of a component differs from its concentration in an ideal solution. Fugacity coefficient (φ) quantifies the deviation from ideal gas behavior in gases, representing how the fugacity of a gas differs from its pressure in an ideal gas.
Measurement
 - Activity coefficient is often determined experimentally using methods like vapor pressure measurements, osmotic pressure measurements, or activity coefficients of a solute in different solvents. Meanwhile, fugacity coefficient can be calculated using equations of state, such as the van der Waals equation or the Redlich-Kwong equation, along with experimental data to correlate the behavior of real gases.
Deviation
 - Activity coefficient reflects the deviation of the solution's behavior from ideal behavior due to interactions between solute and solvent molecules, including effects like solute-solvent interactions and solvent-solvent interactions. However, fugacity coefficient accounts for deviations from ideal gas behavior caused by factors such as molecular volume, intermolecular forces, and compressibility of the gas molecules. It provides a measure of the non-ideality of gases under non-standard conditions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while both activity coefficient and fugacity coefficient serve to correct for deviations from ideal behavior in solutions and gases respectively, they operate in distinct domains. Activity coefficient addresses non-ideality in solutions, reflecting interactions between solute and solvent molecules. Conversely, fugacity coefficient pertains to deviations from ideal gas behavior, considering factors like molecular volume and intermolecular forces. Both coefficients play pivotal roles in understanding and predicting thermodynamic properties, guiding industrial processes, and environmental studies.
FAQ: Activity Coefficient and Fugacity Coefficient
1. What is the coefficient of fugacity?
 - The coefficient of fugacity, often denoted by φ, represents the ratio of the fugacity of a substance to its pressure. It serves as a correction factor that accounts for deviations from ideal gas behavior.
2. What is the purpose of activity coefficient?
 - The activity coefficient is used to measure how much a solution's properties differ from those of an ideal solution with the same composition. It's a practical tool in thermodynamics for understanding how real-world solutions deviate from ideal behavior. By considering interactions between components, the activity coefficient helps predict properties like vapor pressure, osmotic pressure, and solubility more accurately.
3. What does the activity coefficient represent?
 - The activity coefficient in chemistry represents the ratio of the chemical activity of a substance to its molar concentration. It quantifies how the behavior of a substance in a solution differs from what would be expected based solely on its concentration.
4. What are the factors affecting fugacity?
 - Fugacity is influenced by factors such as pressure, temperature, volume, and composition. Equations like the van der Waals equation or the Redlich-Kwong equation help calculate the fugacity coefficient, which indicates how far from ideal gas behavior a substance behaves. Intermolecular forces and molecular size also impact fugacity.
5. What is meant by fugacity=1?
 - When the fugacity coefficient equals 1, it implies that the gas behaves ideally, meaning there are no significant interactions between its molecules. In other words, the gas follows ideal gas laws closely, with properties like pressure, volume, and temperature behaving as predicted by ideal gas behavior.
Reference:
1. "Fugacity." Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation.
2. "Activity Coefficient." Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation.
Image Courtesy:
1. "UNIQUACRegressionChloroformMethanol" By WilfriedC – Own work (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia
About the Author: Hasini A
Hasini is a graduate of Applied Science with a strong background in forestry, environmental science, chemistry, and management science. She is an amateur photographer with a keen interest in exploring the wonders of nature and science.
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Reduce your lead exposure
Let the water run
Water is more likely to absorb the lead from your plumbing if it sits for several hours.
If you haven't run water through your faucet for several hours, you should:
- Let the cold-water faucet run until you feel that the water is as cold as it will get.
- Run the water for 2 -3 minutes if you have a lead waterline.
Use cold water
Hot water dissolves lead faster than cold water.
- If you need hot water, heat it after it comes out of the faucet.
- Use only cold water for drinking, cooking and baby formula.
When lead in water is not a concern
You do not have to worry about lead in water that you use to:
- Flush the toilet
- Run your dishwasher
- Water plants


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Placing Your Flymatic Insect KillerEvery application is unique, so each installation requires an individual assessment for fly killer siting, however there are some basic principles which should be followed:
- Use enough units to cover the area to be protected.
- Install the unit away from sources of light competition, such as windows, doors and high powered luminaries.
- Consider sources of heat and airflow.
- Do not install units directly above sensitive areas, such as food preparation areas.
- Glue board insect killers should be used for sensitive applications such as food preparation or production areas. They are also ideal for use 'front of house'.
- Consider access for installation and future servicing.
- Wherever possible, fly killers should be positioned at 90° to sources of natural light, such as windows, doors and skylights.
- The unit should be positioned in between potential entry points, so as to intercept flying insects before they reach sensitive areas.
- The unit should not be sited ether too high or too low in the area to be protected, with an optimum height of around 2m.


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Resonance transmission or absorption has been observed in metallic deep gratings and previously characterized as coupled surface plasmon polaritons or Fabry-Ṕrot-like resonances. This letter provides a quantitative explanation of this phenomenon by means of localized magnetic polaritons. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis is used to predict the spectral transmittance and absorptance of subwavelength gratings. The resonance condition is compared with that predicted by the LC circuit model. Some geometric effects that cannot be explained by previous models can be well understood in terms of magnetic polaritons. The insight gained from this study may facilitate future design and applications of subwavelength periodic structures.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)


Can a Glass of Water Change Your Life?
It is the blueprint of our reality, which can change with a single, positive thought.
Dr. Masaru Emoto
In this this latest episode of the Leading in the Light Podcast we delve into and explore the hidden consciousness of water, and how water can be used to create a transformational shift in our thinking, consciousness, personal resonance and results.
In this episode you'll learn why water is a powerful conduit for thought and consciousness, how water holds and retains energy, and why the latest research into water is proving that our thoughts have the capacity to influence our lives, and why they directly impact our personal and professional performance.
Best of all I'll also be sharing with you a simple 5 minute practice that you can embed into your day that will help you reprogram the consciousness of water and use it to create greater levels of happiness, joy, success and fulfillment in your life.
About Les Price
Les Price is a transformational coach, intuitive healer, professional speaker and published author who has been helping aspiring individuals, business owners and leaders create greater levels of success and fulfillment for over twenty years.
At the tender age of 8 Les discovered that there was a 'hidden magic' and potential within all of us.. Since then he has been on an enduring quest to help even more people find their path and awaken and their own personal, professional and spiritual potential.
Les is based in Melbourne, Australia, and is director of The Greatness Connection, a peak-performance consultancy that assists companies, businesses and aspiring leaders to realise their goals in an enlightened and visionary way.
In this conversation I share:
 - The hidden consciousness of water
 - Why our thoughts create our reality
 - How to harness the energy of water and use it to reprogram your consciousness
 - How our body is bathed in neurotransmitter and how it impacts your wellbeing
 - A simple daily practice to change your life with a glass of water
 - How intention impacts our consciousness and that of water
 - How plants connect energetically with the human realm of consciousness
 - Why the Prana and life-force of our food and vegetables is so important
Introduction 0:01
Thank you for joining us on the leading in the light Podcast the place where vision, heart and spirit connect to help you awaken your purpose, liberate your greatness and stand more fully in your life. Now, here's your host, transformational coach, author, speaker and intuitive Les Price.
Les Price 0:35
Well, welcome back everybody to this episode of the leading in the life podcast. And today, I must admit, I've actually got something a little bit different for you. You see, over the last few weeks, I've been starting to delve into exploring this realm of how do we access our extraordinary consciousness? How do we tap into that true element of who we really are, and the ability to shape our destiny, the results that we experience in our life, and how we can actually use thought energy to manifest our desires.
And today, I want to share a technique that I've actually been using for a number of years, it was a powerful tool and technique that I learned in the early 80s. And it revolves around a simple glass of water. At the start of this new year, I made a commitment to myself to do a detox and a two week cleanse using Ayurveda, the old ancient traditions of healing and restoration with natural food and substances. I knew at the time that one of the things that I was lacking in my life was actually drinking enough water, this water that we need to hydrate ourselves in our body to keep our mind active.
And so over the last month, I've actually been listing down each day, how much water I've been drinking and reminding myself that it's important to get that water intake in. But you know, water in its own self is one of the driving forces of nature. It was even renowned as being so by the legendary Leonardo da Vinci. But sadly, on a physical level, many of us simply just don't get enough water in our diet. It's the one element that when we consume it helps improve our overall metabolism, helps clean out all the toxins and actually rehydrate our skin, and even a 10% increase in hydration to the brain increases our ability to optimize our functioning, our thinking and our intuition.
But what if there was a way that we can harness the energy of water, and you use it to improve the quality of our lives? What if there was literally a way to reprogram my consciousness on a daily basis that would allow us to attract, create and realize the results we really want. And all it required was five minutes a day, and a simple glass of water. So, stay tuned in this episode as I share more, and I encourage you to take up this 21 Day Challenge practice that will literally revolutionize your own life.
Les Price 3:05
It's often been said that our bodies are actually made up of almost 60 to 70% of water. In fact, the brain and the heart have often been recognized as having up to 73% of water, why the lungs have 83%. And the skin is often up to 64% water. Water has the amazing capacity to hold energy.
It's a transmitter and receiver of energy and consciousness. And it literally shifts with our own state and energy of being. But what's important is that over the last 20 years investigation into quantum research and into the quantum field has found that our thoughts literally have power. That the moment we set an intention for a particular goal or a particular direction now live that the energy within us, including the element of water in our body literally changes as our thoughts change our body and mind change with it.
You know, as human beings we have an amazing capacity to create. It's one of the things that literally sets us apart from the animal kingdom, from the cats and the dogs in the trees is that we as human beings can create an intention to make a change or a shift in the direction of our life. And simply by holding that intention, we set a new direction and a new path. How powerful is that? That the moment we begin to conceive of a new purpose, a new direction a greater vision that that prefrontal cortex begins to attract to us the people, places and situations that are part of our destiny.
There's been a great body of research done over the last 20 years into the power of water. Russian scientist and researcher and a popover even created a documentary on the basis of water being the great mystery We're case scientists from around the world who studied the energy of water in the field of water actually revealed that water specifically could carry a footprint or even a memory on a molecular level.
Even medical doctor, an immunologist, Jacques Buenevista, recognized as the father of homeopathy that if any substance is actually diluted in water, the water still has the ability to carry the memory of that substance, even if the molecules of that added substance are no longer present. So, what we're finding is that water is a transducer and a receiver of information actually responds to the consciousness of the people around it. That by focusing our energy and intention on energizing water for a particular purpose can create a result and shift the energy of that water.
So how can we harness this energy? Well, what I'd love to do is just share with you a small story that I think demonstrates just how powerful our own energy and consciousness can be.
Les Price 6:11
Many years ago, I came across a great book, which was back in the 1980s, that really opened my mind to this concept of how our thinking how our thoughts can influence our own lives and destiny. And funnily enough, this book was actually called The Secret Life of plants, written by two authors Peter Tompkins, and Christopher Bird, who basically in the 60s and 70s, began to do work with lie detection equipment, equipment that was only being used at that time by the CIA, as lie detection. And instead, what they decided to do was to hook up these lie detectors to a number of plants.
Interestingly enough, the moment they hooked these detectors to the plants, the plants could almost sense people who entered the room. In fact, one person who had actually destroyed the plant early in the day, as soon as he entered in the room, that lie detector went crazy. It was almost as though another plant could actually pick up the energy of this being and realize that it was a threat.
One of the greatest stories, however, that really blew my mind was the similar research they did with a couple who had actually travelled away for a weekend, this gentleman actually had a greenhouse of plants that his wife simply adored. So what he decided one day was that he would treat his wife by hooking up all of these plants, to a simple piece of equipment that would allow these plants and their energy to sing. It converted the electrical frequency of how the plants were feeling at any one time in that greenhouse into beautiful sounds. one weekend, the couple decided to travel away to another state.
And they had a young friend stay over and look after their house. In the middle of the night, at almost two or three in the morning. All of a sudden, these plants in this greenhouse started to go crazy. Sounds were emanating music was playing as these plants in the greenhouse were picking up on the energy of something else that had been connected. Not fully understanding why this was, the scientists decided to really do a bit more of an investigation. What they found out was that the two owners who had taken that weekend away, were making love at that same


Opus Sectile
Main Article: mosaics in jewelry
Opus Sectile is a mosaic style where slabs of stone are shaped and fitted together as a jigsaw puzzle. It was popular in early Roman times and revived during the renaissance in Florence, where it became known as pietra dura. In jewelry one will not encounter them before the 19th century.
Opus sectile.jpg
Opus Sectile (Marble Floor Inlay) from the Hadrian's Villa (Piccole Terme) Near Tivoli in Italy.


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Advanced Driver Training
Our advanced driver training sessions are designed to simulate real world scenarios, and get the students to understand, correct and act accordingly to solve a potentially dangerous situation. This training includes a classroom part and a driving part.
Classroom sessions can include:
Emergency Braking & Braking Distances
Driving Exercises :
Braking & Avoiding
Emergency Lane Change
Avoiding without braking


← To Learn About Sensitive Skin Top
Why does my skin peel after it gets tanned?
Sun exposure impedes the regular cell turnover process known as keratinization. When skin is exposed to UV rays, skin cells in the outermost layer of skin are damaged, and die. Damaged DNA cells also die so as to prevent the formation of cancerous cells(known as apoptosis).
The tanned skin peels off after a few days. On the one hand, skin peels to remove dead skin cells from the body. On the other, immature skin cells take over in the epidermis to make up for the skin that has been peeled off. When new, mature skin cells take over, they produce ceramide to retain moisture. However, after skin is tanned, immature skin cells cannot produce ceramide. Therefore, people with sensitive skin need to avoid being exposed to UV rays as they already have insufficient ceramide in their skin. Exposure to sun can worsen their skin condition.
-What is keratinization? (cell turnover)
Cells in our epidermis are mainly composed of keratin cells. They start to grow from stratum basale (skin's inner layer) underneath the epidermis. Cells formed in the stratum basale will be pushed up to the skin surface by new cells growing underneath, eventually becoming stratum corneum (skin's outer layer). By the time they emerge from the skin surface, the skin cells are dead and form a flaky layer which will peel off naturally.
This entire process is known as cell turnover or keratinization. Moisturizing components within the stratum corneum such as ceramide or amino acids are formed during the keratinizaton process. When skin maintains a normal cycle of keratinization, high levels of moisturizing components are produced in the stratum corneum, and skin is moisturized and beautiful.


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The lemon lime philodendron is an indoor plant with bright lime green leaves, as its name suggests. This evergreen trailing plant is easy to care for. The lemon lime philodendron is popular for its year-round show of beautiful leaves and is often confused with the neon pothos, which has a similar appearance.
What Is a Lemon Lime Philodendron?
The lemon lime philodendron, also known by its scientific name of philodendron hederaceum, originated in the South American rainforests. European explorers noticed this plant because of the unique greenish-yellow color of its heart-shaped leaves.They took it back to Europe, where they cultivated the plant and it continued to gain popularity.
Although the lemon lime philodendron grows well in a garden, this plant is most common as a container plant and grows to a height of 12 to 24 inches. Its trailing stems are up to 12 inches long and hang down in a cascade of lively color.
Also known by numerous other names, the lemon lime philodendron is sometimes called:
- Philodendron domesticum lemon lime
- Philodendron cordatum lemon lime
- Philodendron lemon lime
- Golden brazil
- Philodendron scandens lemon lime plant
- Lemon lime heartleaf philodendron
- Sweetheart vine
Features of Lemon Lime Philodendron
The lemon lime philodendron doesn't flower. Its lime-green, almost fluorescent leaves are the most noticeable feature of this plant.
The leaves of the lemon lime philodendron are 7–10 inches long, heart-shaped, and smooth. New leaves are initially yellow with a pinkish tinge and turn bright lime green with exposure to sunlight.
Lemon lime philodendron
Bright lime green
12 to 24 inches
10 to 12 inches
Bright indirect sunlight
Philodendron Lemon Lime Care
The philodendron lemon lime is easy to care for and doesn't have any special requirements. This plant typically has a long lifespan.
The lemon lime philodendron needs bright indirect sunlight. In its natural rainforest environment, this plant receives dappled sunlight under the shade of bigger trees. Indirect sunlight provides enough light for the plant to produce chlorophyll, a chemical essential for plant growth.
Exposure to prolonged direct sunlight burns the leaves and dehydrates the plant. Place a lemon lime philodendron in a room that gets lots of bright light, but position the container a few feet away from the window and out of direct sunlight.
Both the lemon lime philodendron and the neon pothos need to be watered once a week during summer and once or twice a month during winter. When the top half of the soil feels dry, it's time to water the plant.
Underwatering causes the plant to become dehydrated. Wilting leaves that start turning brown are a sign of underwatering.
Overwatering is bad for the plant because root rot sets in when the roots are constantly wet. Leaves turning pale yellow are an indication of overwatering.
Lemon lime philodendrons need warm temperatures between 65° to 80°F during daylight hours and 55°F at night. While this plant can survive in a constant temperature of 55° to 60°F, the optimum temperature for it to thrive is around 70°F.
The lemon lime philodendron and the neon pothos are both tropical plants that are used to high humidity levels.The ideal humidity for a lemon lime philodendron is 40% to 60%. At this level, the leaves are able to absorb enough moisture from the atmosphere.
In extremely dry areas, maintain the correct humidity level by using a humidifier or spray the leaves once or twice a day with a mist sprayer. If the humidity is too low, the plant will dehydrate and die.
Plant the lemon lime philodendron in loose, well-draining soil that has good aeration and gives the roots enough room to grow. Add some peat moss to commercial potting soil to create the right soil conditions for this plant.
This plant prefers slightly acidic soil with a ph between 6.0 and 8.0. Avoid highly alkaline soil, which causes the roots to shrivel.
Fertilize the lemon lime philodendron monthly during the spring and summer growing period. During the autumn and winter months, fertilize every two to three months. Use any good quality commercial fertilizer.
Over-fertilizing damages the roots and leaves of the plant. Use the fertilizer at half strength to avoid burning the plant.
Lemon Lime Philodendron Propagation
Propagating the lemon lime philodendron is similar to propagating the neon pothos. Propagation is easy and usually succeeds without problems if the proper methods are used.
Propagating Cuttings in Water
Use a clean, sharp scissors to cut a stem from the lemon lime philodendron. Cut a 4 inch long piece and place the stem in a jar of clean water, making sure that the leaf nodes are under water. Place the cutting in indirect sunlight in a bright room, and change the water every three days.
After two to three weeks, the cutting will start to sprout. Once the new roots are clearly visible, transfer the rooted cutting to a small pot with some potting soil. A new plant will soon start growing.
Propagating Cuttings in Soil
Propagating the lemon lime philodendron directly in the soil is also possible. Take a few cuttings and insert them directly into a pot of prepared soil. Place the pot in indirect sunlight, and water the cuttings every few days.
The cuttings will sprout and take root in the soil. After three weeks, gently pull on the cuttings. If you feel some resistance, you'll know that the roots have taken. The plant will continue to grow and can be transferred to a larger pot when needed.
Lemon Lime Philodendron Transplanting
After about three years of healthy growth, the lemon lime philodendron often becomes too dense for its container. At this point the plant should be divided and repotted.
Separate the plant into clusters and repot, planting two to three clusters per pot. Place the pots in indirect sunlight and water every few days until the roots have settled. Repeat the process every three years, or when the plants become too thick and full for their containers.
Common Problems When Caring for a Lemon Lime Philodendron
Although the lemon lime philodendron is quite easy to grow, be prepared for some common problems that sometimes arise with philodendron lemon lime care.
Root Rot Disease
Root rot disease is the result of overwatering. When the roots are constantly sitting in wet soil they become moldy and start rotting. Treat root rot by taking the plant out of the pot and cutting off the damaged roots. Rinse the remaining healthy roots under clean running water, and re-pot in new soil.
Look out for these signs that may indicate root rot in your lemon lime philodendron:
- Slow growth rate
- Soft stems
- Yellowing leaves
- Bad odor in the soil
The lemon lime philodendron is prone to pests, like mealy bug and spider mites. Small white spots on the under-side of the leaves are usually a sign of infestation. Treat these pests with neem oil to eliminate them.
Brown leaves are an indication of dehydration. Remove the affected leaves by cutting them off as close to the stem as possible using clean, sharp scissors. Water the plant more frequently to prevent further dehydration. If the plant is in direct sunlight, move it to a more shady spot.
The lemon lime philodendron is a strikingly beautiful non-flowering plant with bright lime-green leaves. A trailing plant that hangs down in a cascade of stems and leaves, the lemon lime philodendron grows on a vine and is suitable for hanging baskets. Philodendron lemon lime care is easy.
FAQs About the Lemon Lime Philodendron
Here are the answers to some common questions about the lemon lime philodendron.
Is Philodendron Lemon Lime Toxic to Pets?
Yes, the lemon lime philodendron is toxic to pets. The plant's leaves contain calcium oxalate crystals, which cause respiratory problems and affect the lining of the stomach, causing gastric problems. Watch out for breathing difficulties or excessive drooling, and take your animal to the vet immediately if it seems unwell.
Why Have my Philodendron Lemon Lime's Leaves Turned Brownish?
Brown leaves are a sign of dehydration. If your philodendron lemon lime's leaves are turning brownish, you're probably underwatering the plant. Insert a finger into the soil. As soon as the soil feels dry from half way up it's time to give the plant water.
How Big Does a Lemon Lime Philodendron Get?
Lemon lime philodendron plants reach a height of 12 to 24 inches and a width of 10–12 inches.
Why Is my Philodendron Lemon Lime Dying?
Your lemon lime philodendron could be dying for numerous reasons:
- The plant's position — The plant may be in direct sunlight and getting burned
- Water — Either the plant is receiving too much water, or it's being under-watered
- Pest infestation — Insects can kill the plant if they aren't eliminated


text: Unis is a nurse expert system prototype specifically designed to assist nurses caring for elderly, incontinent patients residing in nursing homes. Two studies measuring the performance level of UNIS were implemented. In the first study, results of sessions with UNIS on case studies of elderly, incontinent patients were compared to sessions with nurse experts. The relevance of questions, value of recommendations and overall performance were rated by an evaluation panel. In the second study, UNIS was implemented on two nursing units in a nursing home. The number of wet occurrences of patients residing on units where UNIS was consulted by nurses was compared to the number of wet occurrences of patients residing on units where UNIS was not consulted by nurses. The knowledge of urinary incontinence of nurses who consulted UNIS and those who did not consult UNIS were also compared. The results indicate that when judged by an evaluation panel, the relevance of the questions and value of the recommendations generated by UNIS were not rated significantly different than ratings assigned to nurse experts consulting on the same case studies. There was a significant difference between assigned ratings for overall performance; F.01 (4,16) = 10.4. UNIS scored the highest on four out of five case studies. In the second study, the number of wet occurrences of patients residing on units where nurses consulted UNIS decreased significantly; F.01 (2,9) = 34.67. The knowledge of urinary incontinence also improved significantly when nurses' consulted UNIS; F.001 (2,157) = 19.46. The methods and results of these two studies are presented.


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Lima City Hall is located at 50 Town Square, Lima, OH 45801; phone: _PHONE_.
Lima was founded at the southern-end of the Great Black Swamp, an area inhabited by the Shawnee Indians until their removal to Kansas in the 1830's. Located on the banks of the Ottawa River (Hog Creek) it developed into the largest landlocked city in northwest Ohio with a population of 55,000. Historic resources most prominent are fine commercial and financial buildings erected following Lima's early industrial growth, particularly related to railroads and the oil industry.
Lima's periods of significance relate to commercial and industrial development:
_PHONE_'s: Lima became an agricultural center followed by the coming of the first railroad in 1858.
1870's: The first large industrial concerns including foundries and iron works countered commercial development of the Public Square.
_PHONE_: The discovery of oil in 1885 led to Lima's population tripling by the turn of the century with much new construction, including South Lima.
Early 20th century: Completion of the Texas oil pipeline, Standard Oil, banking and entertainment created new buildings up to the eve of the Depression.
Post-Depression: New building styles the end of the era of grand buildings.


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Competition potential between sauger and walleye in non-native sympatry: historical trends and resource overlap in the Middle Missouri River, Montana
Title: Competition potential between sauger and walleye in non-native sympatry: historical trends and resource overlap in the Middle Missouri River, Montana
Creator: Bellgraph, Brian Joseph
Description: Sauger Sander canadensis populations throughout Montana and North America have exhibited declines over the past few decades. Sauger population abundance declined in the middle Missouri and Yellowstone rivers of Montana in the mid-1980s following a period of drought. Higher flows resulted in a rebound of the lower Yellowstone River population; however, the middle Missouri River population has remained at low abundance. Various factors may contribute to the reduced population abundance of sauger in the middle Missouri River, including interspecific competition with walleye Sander vitreus. Historical trend data of sauger and walleye were assessed to determine long-term trends of sauger and walleye fitness. To assess competition potential, seasonal migrations, habitat use, and diets of both species were compared in the middle Missouri River. Trophic position of sauger was also compared between the middle Missouri and Yellowstone rivers to evaluate the trophic status of sauger in sympatry and allopatry with walleye. Sauger and walleye were tracked using radio telemetry to establish and compare seasonal migrations. Habitat use was compared at three hierarchical scales, diets were collected on fish sampled using electrofishing, and diet overlap was calculated. Trophic position was calculated using stable isotope analysis. Historical trend data indicated that sauger and walleye are currently at low abundance and sauger had low relative weights, which is likely due to low prey availability. Prior to the presumed spawning period, 96% of the sauger and 57% of the walleye migrated downstream as far as 273 km. After spawning, both species returned to previously-occupied river reaches and demonstrated site fidelity during the non-migratory season. Habitat use and selection by sauger and walleye were similar at all three hierarchical scales. Diet overlap was high during the spring [0.72 (SE=0.003)] and summer [0.95 (SE=0.0008)] and moderate during autumn [0.49 (SE=0.003)]. Sauger trophic position differed statistically between the middle Missouri and Yellowstone rivers; however, the biological consequences of the difference are uncertain. Overall, resource overlap of sauger and walleye in the middle Missouri River, Montana suggests that competition potential between these species is high, which may preclude the recovery of native sauger populations if resources are limiting.
Document Type: Masters
Contributor: Guy, Christopher S. (committee chairperson)
Committee Members: Billie Kerans, Thomas McMahon
Program: Fish and Wildlife Management
Publisher: Montana State University
Date Created: 2006-05-15
Access Rights: Accessible under copyright for educational purposes.


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Here is a fun project you can try with leftover candy you have. You will make some amazing art using nothing but colored candy and hot water—and a little bit of science. Save some of your candy and get started!
- Hard-shelled colored candies, such as M&Ms® or Skittles®
- Small plate
- Glass or measuring cup
- Warm tap water
- Dish towel or paper towels
- Workstation than can tolerate spills and color dyes
- Food coloring (optional)
- Arrange pieces of candy in a circle around the inner rim of the plate. Use at least two different colors, alternating them in groups of two or three.
- Fill a measuring cup or glass with warm tap water.
- Slowly pour warm tap water into the middle of the plate, until it partially covers the candy (or fully, depending on how deep the plate is).
- Watch the plate closely for a few minutes. What happens?
- Empty and dry off the plate.
- Make a circle of candy around the plate again.
- Put a small pile of sugar (about a quarter teaspoon) directly in the middle of the plate.
- Slowly pour warm tap water near the center of the plate (but not directly onto the pile of sugar).
- Watch the plate closely for a few minutes.What happens this time? Is it different from what happened the first time?
- Clean off the plate and repeat the test. Try different color patterns and/or arranging the candy (and sugar) in different shapes. What patterns and artwork can you make?
- Pour the water down the drain and throw any non-dissolved candy and sugar in the trash.
When you pour water onto the plate, the candy's colored coating starts to dissolve in the water. As a result, you can see the colored dye diffuse towards the center of the plate. This diffusion can result in amazing, colorful rainbow patterns, as the colors remain mostly separate at first instead of bleeding together. You might have seen a "pie wedge" type pattern with different slices of each color you arranged around the rim.
When you put sugar in the middle of the plate something strange happens. The dye seems to hit an invisible wall in the water and stop diffusing at first, then diffuses much more slowly. This occurs because in addition to colored dye, the candy's coating also contains sugar. Both the sugar and the dye dissolve into the water, forming a mixture called a solution. With your first test the sugar wants to spread out from where there is a high concentration of sugar (right next to the candy) to where there is a lower concentration of sugar (the middle of the plate). The whole solution (sugar and dye molecules) moves along this gradient from high concentration to low concentration. Although you can't see the sugar from the candy coatings, you can see the colored dye. With your second test, however, there is already a lot of sugar in the middle of the plate—there is not a steep sugar gradient between the rim of the plate and the center. This prevents the sugar (and the dye) from spreading towards the center as rapidly. You might wonder "well, there are still no dye molecules in the middle of the plate, so shouldn't the dye molecules keep diffusing, even if the sugar doesn't?" That's a good question! Different types of molecules diffuse at different rates in water. In this case the solution with the sugar molecules diffuses much faster than the dye molecules would on their own. This explains why, if you drop some food coloring into still water, it diffuses much more slowly than the dye from the candy. The food coloring does not contain any sugar.
If you watch the plate for a while, you might have noticed that the colors remain separated for quite some time. This can seem surprising—you might expect the colors to all blend together and turn a muddy brown. Remember, however, that it's the sugar gradient that drives the diffusion. After the whole plate is filled up with colors, the sugar concentration is the same everywhere—there is no sugar gradient between the different colors. So the colors will continue to diffuse slowly due to random motion of the molecules—but this process is much slower than the initial diffusion caused by the sugar gradient.
Many of the foods we eat are colored with artificial dyes. Some of these dyes will easily dissolve in water. This means that when foods containing the dyes are placed in water, the molecules that make up the dye will break away from the food and start to spread out in the water. The process where molecules spread out like this is called diffusion. The molecules tend to spread from areas where there are a lot of that type of molecule (a high concentration) to areas where there are fewer of that type of molecule (a lower concentration). Eventually the molecules all spread out enough that the concentration is equal everywhere. This is called equilibrium. The molecules, however, do not stop moving completely at that point. They will still bounce around randomly, and diffusion will still occur—but much more slowly.
Does all that sound confusing? Don't worry! You experience molecular diffusion every day with your sense of smell. Have you ever noticed how a smell will seem stronger when you are very close to the source or when the source of the smell just started out (for example, pulling a batch of fresh-baked cookies out of the oven)? This is because initially there is a higher concentration of odor-causing molecules in the air close to the source. Gradually these molecules will diffuse through the air into the rest of the room so you can detect the smell from farther away. In this experiment you saw diffusion in action instead of smelling it—by using liquids instead of gases.
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For Further Exploration
- Watch the plate for about five to 10 minutes. Do the colors continue to diffuse at the same rate they did initially?
- Leave the plate out all day and check on it periodically or let it sit overnight. How long does it take the colors to blend completely?
- Try the test with cold water instead of warm water. Do the colors diffuse at a different rate?
- Drop some food coloring into a plate of still water and watch how it diffuses. How is it similar to or different from the way the dye diffused from the candy? Can you figure out why?


text:
Canada's Agricultural Hub – An Economic Impact Of Agriculture In Abbotsford
May 25, 2022
The Abbotsford Chamber of Commerce, under academic guidance of the University of the Fraser Valley and the University of British Columbia, with financial support from the City of Abbotsford and TD sponsors, presents its 2022 report "Canada's Agricultural Hub – An Economic Impact Analysis of Agriculture in Abbotsford."
Click HERE to read the report's one-pager summary (PDF)
Click HERE or the image above to read the full report (PDF)
The report found that Abbotsford is one of the most intensely farmed areas in North America and has the highest farm sales per hectare of any other City in Canada, directly contributing to the economy, creating jobs, and food security in the province and country. Today, Abbotsford agriculture is responsible for $3.83. billion in economic activity, up from $1.8 billion in 2008. As one of the primary employment drivers for the region, agriculture accounts for over 16,000 full-time jobs, equating to 23% of all jobs in the city. Agriculture has been the driving force behind growth and a stable, expanded local economy.
Click HERE or the image above to read the executive summary (PDF)
"This report highlights the significant economic impact the agricultural sector plays in Abbotsford's local economy while also highlighting the sector's broader value to our region, country and ongoing food security. The Abbotsford Chamber of Commerce supported Abbotsford farmers through the hardships of the past years – from the pandemic to the disastrous floods of 2021 – and will continue to be the voice emphasizing the critical importance of this sector."
– Abbotsford Chamber CEO Katerina Anastasiadis
"Dairy production and processing contribute greatly to the economic activity in Abbotsford, and Vitalus Nutrition is proud to be headquartered in this community. Abbotsford truly is the 'Hub" of agriculture in the Fraser Valley including agriculture support services and value-added businesses in the Fraser Valley."
– Phil Vanderpol, President & CEO, Vitalus Nutrition Inc.
"The Abbotsford Chamber of Commerce's Report, Canada's Agricultural Hub – An Economic Impact Analysis of Agriculture in Abbotsford, does a great job highlighting the incredible role agriculture plays in our community and across the country. Through the COVID pandemic, the City of Abbotsford fared better than other municipalities, due in large part to our agricultural community. Abbotsford has the most productive agriculture land in Canada on a per hectare basis and we are the number one agriculture producer approaching $1 billion in sales annually. Agriculture is truly the heart of our community."
– Abbotsford Mayor Henry Braun


text:
Background: Augmenting the brain clearance of toxic oligomers with small molecule modulators constitutes a promising therapeutic concept against tau deposition. However, there has been no test of this concept in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with initiation at a late disease stage. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of interventional late-stage Anle138b treatment, which previously indicated great potential to inhibit oligomer accumulation by binding of pathological aggregates, on the metabolic decline in transgenic mice with established tauopathy in a longitudinal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) study.
Methods: Twelve transgenic mice expressing all six human tau isoforms (hTau) and ten controls were imaged by FDG-PET at baseline (14.5 months), followed by randomization into Anle138b treatment and vehicle groups for 3 months. FDG-PET was repeated after treatment for 3 months, and brains were analyzed by tau immunohistochemistry. Longitudinal changes of glucose metabolism were compared between study groups, and the end point tau load was correlated with individual FDG-PET findings.
Results: Tau pathology was significantly ameliorated by late-stage Anle138b treatment when compared to vehicle (frontal cortex - 53%, p < 0.001; hippocampus - 59%, p < 0.005). FDG-PET revealed a reversal of metabolic decline during Anle138b treatment, whereas the vehicle group showed ongoing deterioration. End point glucose metabolism in the brain of hTau mice had a strong correlation with tau deposition measured by immunohistochemistry (R = 0.92, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Late-stage oligomer modulation effectively ameliorated tau pathology in hTau mice and rescued metabolic function. Molecular imaging by FDG-PET can serve for monitoring effects of Anle138b treatment.
Keywords: Anle138b; Late-stage; Neuronal injury; Small animal PET; Tau.


text:
- Versatile: Quickphos can be used in practically grains and many commodities
- Effective Control: Quickphos is highly effective against insects, mites and rodents.
- Uniform Distribution: When used per labeled instructions, phosphine generated from Quickphos disperses uniformly in all directions within the treated area.
- Manageable Risk: Quickphos contains an inert material, ammonium carbonate, which releases ammonia the applicator can smell.
- Controlled Reaction: Stabilizing ingredients in Quickphos moderate the generation of phosphine gas
Quickphos is a fumigant designed to control insects, burrowing pests and rodents in stored commodities. The active ingredient, Aluminum Phosphide, when exposed to the air, combines with moisture in the air to generate phosphine gas. Phosphine fumigation is recognized world-wide as the most effective method of control for grain pests, saving thousands of tons of grains used for human consumption. Quickphos Sachet


At 7:01 PM +0430 4/3/03, Roozbeh Pournader wrote:
Can't a registry just have a complicated script that after one asks for a
label to register tells: Sorry, you can't register this label, because it
"contains the word sex" or "uses FINAL KAF in a non-final position"?
This is an important point. Registries do not have to blindly follow any rules, such as the ones in this document or the JET document. They can look at the output bundle and make local policy decisions.
For characters that are position-dependent in words, a registry will have to have non-automatic rules. For example, assume that the letter "z" could not be at the end of an English word. "baz.us" should be not allowed, but the.us registry couldn't just check for "is 'z' at the end of the word" because that would allow someone to register "baz123.us". Or assume that "y" can only be at the end of a word. The registry should not have a rule that disallows any name that has "y" in the middle because someone might correctly want to register "floycorp.us".
--Paul Hoffman, Director
--Internet Mail Consortium


text:
Flameproof lighting supplier Azolite, now a division of industrial plugs manufacturer Powermite, has manufactured a new flameproof light-emitting diode (LED) light for use in underground mining to improve safety and efficiency. Previously, fluorescent lights were most commonly used in mining operations for work area and road/walkway illumination.
"Fluorescents are extremely sensitive glass tubes. The necessary care not to break the tubes during transport and installation is a huge challenge in arduous mining conditions. In addition, the environmental impact associated in the disposal of fluorescent products necessitates disciplined practices and procedures to be followed," says Azolite MD Donovan Marks.
Maintenance activities, which may involve climbing ladders and working in awkward positions, require mineworkers to walk in areas where light maintenance is needed, as they can be at risk of slipping, tripping or being exposed to broken glass if a light has been damaged.
"When designing the LED light, we focused on the safety of our customers on site, as well as improving the total cost of ownership by providing an improved operating life cycle.
"Consideration of the unstable conditions of underground mining prompted us to develop a plastic housing around the light that will not break, should it be flung or fall on the ground," he explains.
Research on the potential impact of LED lights, with regard to the reduction of mining injuries during operation and the maintenance of lighting systems, published by the US National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH), reports that 140 relevant mining accident records were found between 2002 and 2006 in the US.
NIOSH says the incidents resulted in 3 668 working days being lost, with an additional 925 days of restricted activity on the mines.
About 74 accidents occurred during lighting maintenance when workers were changing bulbs at the mines. Although 37% of the maintenance accidents resulted in nonfatal days-lost injuries, the days away from work averaged 78.4 per injury.
There were five cases where employees received cuts when the bulb broke in their hands while it was being removed, says the NIOSH report authored by Michael Yenchek and John Samarco.
"The role LED technology plays in these accidents is to reduce the need for maintenance and exposure to maintenance-related hazards," says Marks.
Azolite reports that the application of LED lights in the mining industry could also be beneficial to plants that are highly dependant on electricity as a power source because these lights consume significantly less energy.
"As a result, the operating costs of a plant and its environmental footprint are reduced," says Azolite sales and marketing manager Rikus Prinsloo.
Marks mentions that the LED light is simultaneously undergoing testing by the South African Bureau of Standards and trials being conducted by some of the mining houses operating in the country.
"Because the needs of mines differ, the product must be versatile, which is why its introduction onto the market is being delayed."
Other Innovative Products
Proof Engineering, also a division of Powermite, has manufactured plugs and socket products from a new zinc alloy material, developed in-house, to expand its flameproof range.
Prinsloo says the zinc alloy was developed as an alternative to brass, owing to the high incidence of brass theft. In addition to reducing and eliminating coupler theft, other consequential benefits include:
- Improved safety – unlike brass that will deform (or even form hairline cracks) under abusive use, the South African Future Value (ZAFV) material would rather break
- Improved production availability
- Reduced labour costs (resulting from unplanned replacement activities)
- Reduced unscheduled or unplanned downtime
- Reduced operating costs
- An opportunity to manage couplers from 'cradle to grave' as the material contaminates scrap metal salvage operations
"Our research and development has recommended the ZAFV material, as it is not targeted by thieves who supply scrap yards or unscrupulous resellers and repairers. In addition, the third generation of the ZAFV material is already in an advanced development phase," adds Marks.


How logistics is making daliy life easy.
logistics making daily easy
How logistics is making daliy life easy.
Logistics in Everyday Life
Think of some event, restaurant or movie you went to last time. The type of experience is what would have registered in your mind. Perhaps not the inception of the by-products required to organize business in everyday life. Logistics is crucial in handling the materials which are used to complete the product.
Logistics and transportation are responsible not only for handling or moving goods and commodities but also for moving people around. Every bus you took, every dining out you had, every shopping you've done, it has been there with you.
Imagine a life without it!
Logistics is used generally to refer to the process of planning, coordination and moving resources, goods, equipment, and people from origin or one location to a warehouse or desired location.
Let's take an example for better understanding:
In India, Swiggy a food delivery app has been very eminent when it comes to delivering food at doorsteps. With a consumer base of more than 50 million and serving 1.4 million food orders daily, it satisfies the hunger of all segments in India.
But how does the food gets from order to your home?
See, when order is placed from a restaurant via the app, the preparation of the order is started, but before that, all the basic raw ingredients required to prepare is brought from the market, checked for any impurities or defects and then are immediately placed in refrigerated containers to preserve them for current and future needs. After your order is prepared by the restaurant, it is exchanged by the delivery executive or the medium to which it gets to your door.
Transportation, logistics and supply chain!
It's not just a food delivery app. E-karts, ride-sharing companies and many more help you in transportation and logistics in one or the other way. Important festivals in India such as Diwali, Holi, Raksha Bandhan, Eid and many more which involve exchanging gifts to distant relative require courier services which carry out the complex process of handling and delivering by the specified time.
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text:
The ergot alkaloids are derivatives of ergotine, the most active being amides of lysergic acid. Ergot alkaloids are compounds derived from the parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea, which grows on rye as well as other grains.
Ergotamine is in a group of drugs called ergot alkaloids . It works by narrowing the blood vessels around the brain. Ergotamine also affects blood flow patterns that are associated with certain types of headaches. Ergotamine is used to treat a migraine type headache.


2022 article
Beamformer Calibration Using Coded Correlations
2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGY (PAST).
By: Z. Hong & B. Floyd
author keywords: Phased array; calibration; built-in self-test; CoMET; code modulation; beamformer; phase shifter
Source: Web Of Science
Added: February 27, 2023
Code-modulated embedded test (CoMET) has been investigated for simultaneous testing and calibration of phased-array elements using phase-shifter modulation and a single scalar detector together with an off-line equation solver. To improve the speed and reduce the complexity of the calibration, this work presents a revised methodology relying only on correlations and eliminating equation solvers within the calibration loop. The new technique, "beamformer calibration using coded correlations" (BC3), operates by calibrating the phased-array's in-phase and quadrature-phase correlations between elements. Within BC3, a first method calibrates the array's response by using two two-dimensional (2-D) correlations. A second method further reduces the total calibration time and improves accuracy by using two one-dimensional (1-D) correlations together with an empirical model to predict gain-dependent phase variation. Also, we investigate ways to improve the speed of calibration by reducing the code length and the number of searching states per iteration. The phase and gain accuracy, calibration time, and antenna beam patterns are measured and compared using original and proposed calibration methods on an eight-element receiver at 10 GHz. The most accurate BC3 method achieves 1.4 deg. and 0.23 dB root-mean-squared (RMS) phase and gain error, 1.1 dB maximum gain error and -37.8 dB calculated residual sidelobe level (RSL) for the calibrated array, with 12X speedup compared to CoMET. The fastest BC3 method achieves 2.1 deg. and 0.27 dB root-mean-squared (RMS) phase and gain error, 1.2 dB maximum gain error and -35.3 dB RSL for the array with 33X speedup compared to CoMET.


EXPLORE

 - Strategy
Nurse logs provide new habitat: western hemlock
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Nurse log at Oregon Coast, USA / Torrey Ritte.. / LicenseCC-by-nc - Attribution Non-commercial
Tall, wide trees in the forests of the Pacific Northwest serve as nurse logs to their seedlings after they fall, providing decades of water and nutrients as they slowly decay.
BIOMIMICRY TAXONOMY
Summary
"In the coniferous forests of the north-west coast of America, the trees - Sitka spruce, hemlock and Douglas fir - may grow over two hundred feet high and they cut out most of the light. There is enough, however, to sustain ferns and other shade-loving plants, and the soil is so rich that they form a dense ground-cover through which you wade waste high. But beneath them, on the surface of the soil, it is very dark indeed. Seedlings, even if they were able to germinate, would not be able to gather enough light for them to photosynthesise. How then, can the giant trees regenerate themselves?
"They do so with the aid of their own dead bodies. The girth of an adult tree is such that the upper side of a fallen trunk remains above the ferns. A seed from a neighbouring tree that lands on it can thus get sufficient light to germinate. Being perched there brings another advantage: the bark of the prostrate tree is very fibrous and holds moisture like a sponge to the young plant does not lack for water. As the seedling sprouts, it sends down roots. They grow over the flank of the log and down into the rich soil beneath. As they gain strength, these roots thicken. While they are doing so, fungi are feasting in the wood of the log. Slowly it rots and begins to crumble away providing more sustenance for the young trees. After several decades, the log has been reduced to mouldering fragments. But the young seedlings still hold their position high above the ferns for their roots have now become so thick, they support them like stilts." (Attenborough 1995:180)
About the inspiring organism
Med_nurse_log_oregon_coast_sm Tsuga heterophylla
Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.
Common name: Western hemlock
Habitat(s): Forest
Learn more at EOL.org
Some organism data provided by: Conifer Database
Organism/taxonomy data provided by:
Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist
Threat Categories LONG_LC IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern
Bioinspired products and application ideas
Application Ideas: Resource allocation strategies, models for fostering cooperative relationships among venerable and youthful employees.
Industrial Sector(s) interested in this strategy: Management
References
Attenborough, D. 1995. The Private Life of Plants: A Natural History of Plant Behavior. London: BBC Books. 320 p.
Learn More at Google Scholar Google Scholar
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adunca
over 3 years ago
There is a gardening practice called "hugelkultur" (mound-culture) which simulates what a nurse log does. Basically you dig a shallow trench or pit, fill it with old wood, cover it with dirt, and plant into the dirt. Once the wood begins to rot and absorbs water, the plants growing on top of the hugelkultur generally do not need to be watered. Here is an illustration: _URL_
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emily
over 5 years ago
Great example of Life's Principle "Recycling all materials"
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text: Fluorescence localization microscopy requires a huge number of image frames to ensure that different fluorescent particles are excited and emit light in different individual frames so that the fluorescent particles do not overlap in an individual frame, and the fine details of biological cells can be reconstructed by observing these fluorescent particles in all of the frames. This requires a long data acquisition time and huge storage for the collection of image frames. This paper proposes a novel method for estimating the coordinates of overlapping fluorescent particles so that the particle positions can be accurately determined, even when the density of particles in one frame increases. The proposed method involves the integration of model-based methods and exemplar-based method. The model-based methods estimate the particle positions accurately when the particle density is low and there are few overlapping particles, while the exemplar-based method estimates the particle number and positions accurately when the particle density is high and there is substantial overlapping. By integrating these two approaches, the proposed method can help save data acquisition time and storage. Experimental results show that the performance of particle position prediction also significantly improves when compared with model- based methods alone.


Answer :
Africa has immense natural resources and yet it is industrially the most backward continent because of following reasons.
*The continent Africa lack good institutions and schools and all people are not well educated and have not proper knowledge of natural resources utilization.
*There is lack of human resources.
*Frequent civil wars take place in Africa which leads to loss of resources and it also cause mass scale corruption in the government and hinders the growth of country.
*Foreign rule over African countries and use their resources for their own benefits rather than developing industries.
*There is lack of technology. The exploration and extraction of natural resources could not be possible without technology.
*Africa has indigenous and numerous resources but it is poorly distributed among people and states in those countries. Wealth distribution is an issue which make it industrially backward and poor country.
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Answer the followNCERT - Fundamentals of Human Geography
Answer the followNCERT - Fundamentals of Human Geography