keying each point, remind yourself about the "fast page" of the random moves (which I'll discuss below), and discuss block technique.
You will be able to go faster if you aren't pushing each other around and knocking each other off balance. Ideally, after each point is keyed, everyone gets their balance, cracks her/his move, stops right in the correct place, and then takes grips. I highly suggest taking grips so lightly that you don't move your teammate even an inch. If you find yourself moving at all, make the correction by flying your own body rather than pushing or pulling on your teammate. If you all are disciplined enough to do this religiously, you'll find that your speed will drastically increase. If you decide to listen to just one piece of advice written in this article, make this be it.
Getting from one point to the next can be confusing since the four team members all have at least slightly different ideas about what angle the next formation in the sequence of a dive should be built on. One way to avoid this confusing predicament and to reset from a poorly built point is to build things on the line between the center point (belly-button) of the Point and Tail. We call this the "Long Axis." This puts a lot of responsibility on the IC and OC, and they should be playing close attention to where the point and tail are as they are deciding where to move for the next point. If done well, the Point and Tail should only have to rotate in place and move towards or away from the center of the formation a little bit (if going from a long formation like CATACCORD ("G") to STAR ("M") for example), then the Point and Tail would have to squeeze together down the line or expand if the dive had you go from "M" to "G."
If you're having trouble figuring out a specific move, sometimes it's helpful to build the point you are going to and do the move in reverse.
For every block there is at least one middle picture to aim for. For some it is the halfway point and for some there are two or three "pictures" along the way. Just like hitting different points in a good landing pattern under canopy, you should be moving to specific places as you work through each block. Get a coach or experienced 4-way gal/guy to talk you through these.
Breakdowns and busts are often caused by either one person or the whole team getting sucked into a rhythm. While some people and some great coaches encourage this, our team has found that we go faster and score better when we stick to "the steps." Here are the steps we follow. There's so many that you'll think we're crazy to do all of them for every point, but they happen quickly and have become second nature to us. Here they are from the "key" of one point:
 - Flash to show separation and help "back up" the key to anyone who can't see it.
 - Make sure you are balanced.
 - Read the axis and crack your move with confidence.
 - Stop your move.
 - Pick up grips, following your grip plan:
 a. Look at the first grip you are taking.
 b. Take the first grip.
 c. Look at the second grip you're taking (if there is one).
 d. Take the second grip.
 - Look at the key person knowing where you are going for your next move and ready to flash OR (if you are the key person):
 a. feel the grips on you that need to be and be sure they are on,
 b. check any grips you are responsible for seeing, and
 c. get eye contact (or "eyes" as we call it) from anyone you need to
 d. key the point by "flashing" off grips (no need to tug, pull, or nod).
In most skydives (unless it is all blocks) there is at least a short series of randoms and you should have the intention of moving through this section with speed, precision, and vigor. We call this "the fast page." When you get to any Block(s) in the jump though, take just a bit longer to build it right and calmly execute the moves. Ideally, each time you do a specific block, it should feel identical and routine. As you are dirt diving, creeping, and/or walking the skydive, move quickly through the random page taking light grips and following the key plan. Then slow down the block move to remind yourself to execute it smoothly and consistently. Don't forget to close off the block, while remembering that it is important to freeze and show the completed point to the judges, and also that it is the beginning of the fast page.
If your team is doing well enough to get through all the points and start over again, you should start to focus more explicitly on learning and seeing what's going on the first time through. This tip (courtesy of Pete Allum) is priceless. If a particular move is smaller, larger, or just needs to be different from how you planned it on the ground, learn from the botched move the first time through (or "lock-in" the correct move if you nailed it) so you can crank up the speed as the dive continues. Don't be so anxious to score points that you keep making the same mistakes through a whole jump – slow things down just a little bit the first time through, then once everyone "gets it", you can ramp up the intensity and power.
After you decide how many jumps and how much tunnel flying you can do, come up with a plan of how to use the jumps and time most effectively. The suggestions below for how to use your jumps uses percentages with the hope it'll serve as a guide, whether you are doing 40 – 400 jumps.
Getting to a tunnel is worth it – however, don't get suckered into cramming all four team members in there if you aren't proficient as individual flyers. You are much better off using the tunnel to hone individual and two-way skills than you are bouncing off the walls just to do "4-way". Work on center point turns, adjusting fall rate, grip taking and flashing drills, side sliding, forward and backward movement, and superpositioning (sliding and turning at the same time).
For your actual jumps, I suggest the following phases:
Figure out what your team fallrate should be and get the right amount of weight in weight belts for the slow fallers on the team. The person that falls fastest should get in comfortable arch and other folks should wear enough lead to keep up. It's a pain to wear weight, but your team won't reach your potential if anyone is struggling to stay up with the formation. I suggest just moving through three points SIDEBODY ("P"), STAR ("M"), and OPEN ACCORDIAN ("F) as you sort stuff out.
Repeat this jump as many times as you need to sort out fall rate, focus on good eye contact and physical communication, and to follow "the steps" above as you move from point to point.
Pick three point random skydives and get used to working together for the first 25% of your planned jumps. Using eye contact and good cross-referencing, as well as looking to the person directly across the formation from you to help make fallrate adjustments and stay together will help you get the most out of these jumps.
Even if you don't have many jumps in your budget, try to see each block at least once, you can put two together in the same jump. Focusing just on blocks for 25% of your jumps will probably serve you well, but you might want to sneak in one random jump once a weekend just so you don't go crazy!
After you've got a good taste of the blocks, add in a random or two. Do this for the next 25% of your jumps paying attention to "the fast page" of random moves and the "clean" execution of the single block in each jump.
Too often teams don't practice doing actual meet draws. For the last quarter of your training, take draws from the National Skydiving League website,, and do those actual jumps. You should do this so you can see how you are scoring against other teams in the country and help emulate what it'll be like at real meets. Obviously, try to compete in as many local NSL meets (or other meets if there is a league in your area) as possible.
4-way is fun but difficult. Remember that everyone is doing their best and that mistakes are inevitable. A good rule of thumb for debriefing is to give everyone a chance to debrief themselves and take responsibility for any mistakes they made before pointing things out to one another. I highly suggest getting video on every jump (once you can stay within the frame and within ten vertical feet of one another) and watch the video before you try to start fixing things or telling people what they did wrong. Whenever I critique teammates in the landing area, the video inevitably shows that I was the one screwing things up.
Get a trusted local 4-way guru or coach to provide outside perspective whenever possible. This goes for prepping and debriefing. Even if they say the same thing that a teammate would have, words just seem to get heard a bit clearer and with less bad blood when they come from a knowledgeable person who isn't a member of the team.
Have fun and make it a point to be social at the end of the day or training camp.
Don't hesitate to contact members of Mass Defiance or Perris Fury through the forums if you have any questions for us! Our team websites are Mass Defiance and Perris Fury.
Mass Defiance Performance Designs Perris Fury United Parachute


Hitler's 'poison' taster
Then, a few months after her 95th birthday, she revealed the truth about her wartime role — as Adolf Hitler's food taster.
Woelk, then in her mid-20s, spent 2 1/2 years as one of 15 young women who sampled Hitler's food to make sure it wasn't poisoned before it was served to the Nazi leader in his "Wolf's Lair," the heavily guarded command center, in what is now Poland, in which he spent much of his time in the final years of World War II.
"He was a vegetarian. He never ate any meat during the entire time I was there," Woelk said of the Nazi despot. "And Hitler was so paranoid that the British would poison him. That's why he had 15 girls taste the food before he ate it himself."
Share Selection


text:
With young people in the UK struggling to get on to the property market and often saddled with debt, it is not surprising that new research has revealed that more than half of all adults aged between 21 and 35 have asked their parents for financial support in the past two years.
While the more significant requests have been for big-ticket items, such as home deposits or money towards a new car, the new survey by Experian has revealed that everyday goods, such as groceries and new clothes have been funded by the Bank of Mum and Dad.
Around 55 per cent of adults in this age group have received money from their parents, while 26 per cent have sought to reduce their bills by living at home.
Of those who moved in with their parents, more than four-fifths said they were using the opportunity to put money aside, helping them to save around £205 per month on average.
Around a third hoped that they could use this money to save towards a home, while 19 per cent had made the move to help clear debts.
Of those not living at home, 18 per cent said their parents had paid for everyday essentials, such as the weekly supermarket shop, while as many as 13 per cent have been taken shopping to buy new clothes and 18 per cent were gifted money to go on holiday.
The study also found that:
- Nine per cent had been given money towards a wedding or a honeymoon
- Seven per cent had been given a deposit for a new house which they weren't required to pay back
- Seven per cent had been given money to clear a loan
- Eight per cent were gifted money to buy a new car.
James Jones, Head of Consumer Affairs at Experian, said: "The Bank of Mum and Dad is a financial institution that is becoming increasingly important, especially when it comes to purchasing a property.
"However, our research shows that this dependence on parents by young adults goes beyond just big one-off expenses and stretches to everyday essentials. This has implications for both the youngsters' and the parents' financial futures, particularly if the parents' finances become squeezed."

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Embedding other external tools into a TeX frame
From Scribus Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Introduction
Since version 1.3.5, Scribus knows the frame type "TeX". Frames of this type are normally used to integrate a LateX document into Scribus. But with this function, it is possible to integrate the output of any external program into Scribus. Some prerequisites are necessary:
 - The external program should be a commandline program. It has to take an input file as argument and produces an output file.
 - The output has to be in a format, which is readable by a Scribus image frame. For example, PDF, SVG, JPG, and a lot of other bitmap formats are possible.
To configure Scribus to use an arbitrary external program as input for the TeX frames, open "File / Preferences" and edit the settings for "External Tools". Here, you find the entry "LateX":
 - Delete the text in "Preamble" and "End".
 - Change the command in "Name of Executable" to your needs:
 - Here, you can use the variables "%file" which stands for the input and "%file.pdf" which represents the output file. If your file is not in PDF format and you specify in "Output file extension" an other extension, then use use that extension instead of PDF in the output variable. For example, a PNG file format is refered as "%file.png".
 - Activate the option "Start with empty frame" and delete the content of "Preamble" and "End".
 - You can still use the embedded editor, even for non-LateX code, or an external one, just as you like.
ExternalToolsPreferences.png
Here are some examples, how external programs can be embedded into Scribus:
XSL FO with Apache FOP
Command: fop -fo %file -pdf %file.pdf
Output File Extension: .pdf
XSL FO, "The XSL Formatting Objects", is a markup language which can be used to automatically layout XML-data. With the help of a "Formatting Objects Processor", for example the Apache FOP, these XML code is rendered into PostScript, PDF or another format.
The command above shows how you can integrate Apache FOP's output directly into Scribus, using the PDF format which is created by Apache FOP. If you have XML code which still needs to be transformed with an XSL script, just add "-xsl /path/to/xsl.xsl" to the executable command.
Some more complex examples for XSL FO can be found in the st-scripts
ScFOP.png
Graphs with GraphWiz
Command: dot -Tps %file -o %file.ps
Output File Extension: .ps
GraphViz is an application for drawing graphs, trees and similiar representations of hierarchical structured data. Beside the here used PostScript output, GraphViz is also able to produce GIF, PNG and some more formats which Scribus can't read. Using the PostScript output should work fine.
The code for the example:
digraph unix {
 size="6,6";
 edge [color ="blue"];
 "S" [color="#f94949", style=filled];
 node [shape="box", color="#6767ed", style=filled];
 "S" -> "NP";
 "S" -> "VP";
 "NP" -> "DET";
 "NP" -> "NOUN";
 "VP" -> "VERB";
 node [shape="box", color="#82ec80", style=filled]
 "DET" -> "Der";
 "NOUN" -> "Hund";
 "VERB" -> "bellt";
}
ScGraphWiz.png
MathML Formulas with JEuclid
Command: /opt/jeuclid/jeuclid-3.0.1/bin/mml2xxx %file %file.png
Output File Extension: .png
JEuclid is an application which renders MathML or OpenOffice formulas into PNG, PDF, SVG and some more formats. Even as the script mml2xxx was in my path, I wasn't able to execute the script from somewhere else than from it's original position, so I had to use the full path to mml2xxx here. ScJEuclid.png
Gnuplot
Command: gnuplot %file
Output File Extension: .png
Gnuplot is a mighty application for drawing diagrams. Gnuplot works a little bit different than the other programs, so you have to write the following two lines above your functions:
set terminal png
set output "$scribus_file$.png"
After that, you can add your functions or data imports:
plot sin(x)
ScGnuplot.png
LilyPond
Command: lilypond %file
Output File Extension: .pdf
LilyPond is a program for creating musical notation. The image shows the output of the first and very simple example from the LilyPond documentation:
{
 c' e' g' e'
}
Lylipond.png
ToDo
There are a lot more programs which can be used in this way from inside Scribus. Some examples to try are:
 - PCal (even if Scribus already has a very nice script for generating calendars)
 - MusixTeX for musical notation
 - Skak for typesetting chess games


text:
The spray computer is a handy tool to accurately spray the desired amount of coating on the deck.
By measuring the driving speed of the machine and the current spraying volume, the amount of liters per hectare is calculated.
If the actual ltr / Ha deviates from the desired amount, the speed of the machine will be adjusted, so that the desired result is achieved. It also shows how much m2 has been covered and the total number of liters consumed.
– Printing the total m2, used liters and average liters per hectare
– Readout of the measured pressure on the spray boom
Curious about the possibilities? Contact us.


text:
An easy way to find a local mobile
mechanic or garage to get a repair quote.
The battery is one of the most essential components of any vehicle. It is responsible for keeping the car running, as well as powering all the electrical components in the vehicle, such as windows, air conditioning, headlights, interior and exterior lights, power steering and most importantly starter motor. Therefore, it is important to maintain the battery and quickly resolve any issues that arise with it, which is often indicated by a battery warning light illumination. The battery indicator light usually looks like a picture of a battery on your dash, but sometimes it's just the word "battery."
Following are the common reasons of battery light illumination:
A qualified mobile mechanic will visit your home or office to determine the source and cause of the battery light, whether the problem is with the battery or the alternator. After the inspection, the mechanic will provide a detailed report outlining the source and cause of the problem, as well as the extent and cost of any necessary repairs.
When your battery stops working, your car stops working. Once the battery light is on, you probably won't be able to restart the vehicle or drive it very far without turning it off. Seek professional help to diagnose the problem as soon as possible.
The cost of battery warning light inspection depends on the local area labour rate. Typically on average it will cost you between £50 to £60. To find out the exact price on your car for battery warning light inspection, select your car and area at the top of the page. You can find a mobile mechanic with smart servicing centre for all your repair needs. So if you are facing any problem with your car simply book a mechanic on line today.


text:
College Students Annoyed by Mobile Ads
- 99.8 percent of students reported owning a cell phone;
- 49 percent of students report having a smartphone or touchscreen phone, up from 27 percent in February 2009 and 38 percent in October 2009;
- 97 percent of students send/receive text messages from their mobile phones, 30 percent send/receive email from their mobile phones and 25 percent send/receive instant messages from their mobile phones;
- 97 percent of smartphone users take and send photographs, and 87 percent of smartphone users take and send video;
- 51 percent of smartphone users reported receiving ads; and
- 77 percent of smartphone owners have a GPS function on their phone.


New feed for M'sian goats and cattle
RESEARCHERS from International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) have formulated a new feedstock for goats and cattle using a local Malaysian crop called Napier grass. The grass is combined with molasses, microbes, vitamins and minerals to optimize fermentation, ultimately producing a fodder or "silage" in 21 days that can last for up to two years. The long-lasting silage can help stabilize
Previous articleAussie scientists harness durian power
Next articleEarly earth was a water world


- Choose a region to calculate Swatch.beats
 Africa Africa North America North America Central America Central America South America Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Australia Australia Australia Australia
 Local Time & Date
 Enter a different time to calculate new.beats
 Internet Time
 Or change the.beats to calculate the local time.
 Internet Time Swatch.beat
What is a Swatch.beat?
When did Internet Time start?
Where is the Internet Time meridian?
The Meridian is marked for all to see on the facade of the Swatch International headquarters on Jakob-Staempfli Street, Biel, Switzerland.
Why use Internet Time?


text:
Date Uploaded: November 6, 2011, 10:07 pm
Last Edited: August 7, 2012, 5:52 pm
Article TagsBasic Techniques, Patterns
Print this Article
Article © MAIL User: mithrilweaver
Pirsig's bridge is not a weave in itself. It links existing round, tube, cylindrical and pillar style weaves. If it were a weave in itself it would be called "Tri Cable" or the existing "Hex Cable" weave. It forms by having 2 in 1 or 2 in 2 chains connected with a center ring. The 2 in 1 or 2 in 2 chains form the outside geometrical shape of the tube. So, where "Roundmaille" has 3 rings at the end that form a triange, Pirsig's Bridge forms 3 - 2 in 1 chains and connects them with 1 or 2 center rings as shown here:
Pirsig's bridge really is a conceptual idea rather than an actual recipe or formula of exact ring combinations. As shown in the picture below, there are many possibilities for Pirsig's Bridge. This picture shows a stainless steel 6awg with 1" id ring being held captive by it.
Pirsig's Bridge can link different tube shaped weaves as shown here:
Pirsig's Bridge can make a great ending for clasping a tube, round, cylindrical, or pillar shaped pattern also. Using "Orbital" and "Orbit" weaves pictured below,
it is possible to use the orbiting ring as the center ring in Pirsig's Bridge.
The rings running inside the orbital ring then connect to the clasp or other pattern. This allows the ending to be balanced and symmetrical. The chain running inside the orbiting ring can be held without distorting the pattern.
If the pattern has a captive ring already embedded in the pattern it is possible to close off the pattern, skip a portion of Pirsig's Bridge, and run an orbiting pattern inside the captive ring as shown below: (The rings closing off this captive inverted round must have very small aspect ratio to hold the captive ring in place, otherwise the orbiting ring will fall out with its chain.)
The aspect ratio is very important in Pirsig's Bridge, but it is impossible to give a formula that will work in every case. The combining aspect ratios are different for every weave and sometimes it is possible to have 2 or more combinations of rings with different aspect ratios. It usually requires some trial and error to see what works best in each unique pattern.
Pirsig's Bridge works best in patterns that have orbiting rings because the bridge wants to be held spread open. If the bridge is not held spread open, the rings will gather on one side and distort the pattern.
A minimum of 3 rings (triangle) shaping the outside need to be used in Pirsig's Bridge. There is a balance that needs to be achieved when clasping using the bridge. 3 rings shaping the bridge work best in terms of the clasp because the chain running inside the orbiting center ring does not want to be crowded. 6 rings (hexagon) shaping the bridge works best for keeping the center ring balance on the pattern. It is difficult to find a 2 in 1 chain that will fit inside an orbiting center ring with 6 rings attached to it though.
*Thanks go out to everyone that contributes on this site and others. This "open" reference source has been invaluable to me and my artwork. I divulge what I have created with gratitude in this same spirit. Feel free to contact me with any questions.
Original URL: _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Jekyll2022-09-13T18:02:37+00:00https://drossegger.github.io/feed.xmlDino Rossegger's homepage:triangular_ruler: Jekyll theme for building a personal site, blog, project documentation, or portfolio.Dino _EMAIL_ degrees of categoricity above 0''2022-09-13T00:00:00+00:002022-09-13T00:00:00+00:00https://drossegger.github.io/degreesofcat
Consider the ordering \(\omega\) of the natural numbers \(0\leq 1\leq 2\leq 3\leq\dots\). We can build an isomorphic order \(\mathcal B\) (for bad) as follows: We order all the even numbers in ascending order and enumerate the Halting set. If \(n\) enters the Halting set at some stage \(s\), then we put an odd number greater than \(s\) into \(\mathcal B\) between \(2n\) and \(2n+2\). You can convince yourself, that the order \(\mathcal B\) is computable and that every isomorphism between \(\mathcal B\) and \(\mathcal N\) will compute the Halting set. Why is that?

Well, in order to compute isomorphisms between copies of \(\omega\) we need to know the successor relation. For \(\omega\) this relation is computable while for \(\mathcal B\), it computes the Halting set. It turns out that \(\mathbf 0'\), the Turing degree of the Halting set, is the least degree computing isomorphims between any two computable copies of \(\omega\). We say that \(\omega\) has degree of categoricity \(\mathbf 0'\). Degrees of categoricity are a robust measure of the algorithmic complexity of a computable structure: Up to \(\mathbf 0'\) all the copies of \(\omega\) look the same and it can compute isomorphisms between them.

For over ten years degrees of categoricity have been heavily studied by computability theorists. The main questions are:

Which Turing degrees are degrees of categoricity of computable structures?

Say d is a degree of categoricity, can we always build two isomorphic computable structures A and B with degree of categoricity d and such that d is the least degree computing isomorphism between A and B? Such degrees are called strong.

In a joint project with Barbara Csima we made a breakthrough on these two questions by characterizing the degrees of categoricity above \(\mathbf 0''\) and by showing that every degree of categoricity above \(\mathbf 0''\) is strong. We do this by showing that every degree of categoricity is treeable, that is, the degree of the Turing least path through a computable tree, and that the treeable degrees above \(\mathbf 0''\) are all degrees of categoricity. Here is the preprint: <a href="_URL_ _EMAIL_ the ordering \(\omega\) of the natural numbers \(0\leq 1\leq 2\leq 3\leq\dots\). We can build an isomorphic order \(\mathcal B\) (for bad) as follows: We order all the even numbers in ascending order and enumerate the Halting set. If \(n\) enters the Halting set at some stage \(s\), then we put an odd number greater than \(s\) into \(\mathcal B\) between \(2n\) and \(2n+2\). You can convince yourself, that the order \(\mathcal B\) is computable and that every isomorphism between \(\mathcal B\) and \(\mathcal N\) will compute the Halting set. Why is that?Turing degrees that compute HYP but can not compute Kleene's _O_.2022-04-20T00:00:00+00:002022-04-20T00:00:00+00:00https://drossegger.github.io/degreescomputinghyp
Let \(HYP\) be the set of hyperarithmetic degrees, i.e. \(HYP=\{ \mathbf d:\exists (\alpha<\omega_1^{\mathrm{CK}}) \mathbf d< \mathbf 0^{(\alpha)}\}.\) Jockusch and Simpson [1] showed that there is a degree \(\mathbf d\) that is minimal over \(HYP\) (i.e., if \(\mathbf c<\mathbf d\), then \(\mathbf c\in HYP\)) and such that \(\mathbf d^{(3)}=deg(\mathcal O)\) where \(\mathcal O\) is Kleene's \(\mathcal O\), or, up to m-equivalence, the set of indices of computable well-orderings.

I recently thought about the Turing degree structure of the degrees that compute every hyperarithmetic sets and could not find much besides the results of Jockusch and Simpson. However, after talking to a few people, I realized that quite a bit is known. Here is an attempt to summarize a few things. I apologize for skipping a lot of the details but hope that anyone can figure those out with the references provided.

Theorem 1. Let \(\mathbf d> HYP\). Then \(\mathbf d\) computes a copy of \(\omega_1^{\mathrm{CK}}\) if and only if \(\mathbf d^{(3)}\geq deg(\mathcal O)\).

Proof sketch. Assume that \(\mathbf d^{(3)}\geq deg(\mathcal O)\). Then \(\mathbf d^{(3)}\) can compute a copy of \(\omega_1^{\mathrm{CK}}\). One can show that \(\mathbf d\) then computes a copy of \(\omega^2\cdot \omega_1^{\mathrm{CK}}\cong \omega_1^{\mathrm{CK}}\) (see Ash and Knight [Theorem 9.11, 2]). For the other direction assume that \(\mathbf d\) computes a copy of \(\omega_1^{\mathrm{CK}}\). We will show that \(d^{(3)}\) can compute the set of indices of computable well-orderings. One can show that if \(L\) is a well-order and \(o(L)\leq \omega^{\alpha}\), then \(L\) is uniformly \(\Delta^0_{2\alpha}\) categorical, i.e., for \(L\) computable, \(\mathbf 0^{(2\alpha)}\) (\(\mathbf 0^{(2\alpha-1)}\) if \(\alpha\) is finite) can compute an isomorphism between any two computable copies of \(L\), and this is uniform. Let \(C\) be \(\mathbf d\)'s copy of \(\omega_1^{\mathrm{CK}}\). All computable well-orders have order-type less than \(C\), so the set of indices of computable well-orders is \(O=\{e:\exists a \varphi_e \cong C_{<a}\}\) where \(C_{<a}\) is the initial segment of \(C\) up to the element \(a\). Then \(O\) can be defined by
 \[e\in O\Leftrightarrow \exists i(\exists a\in


text:
See more clearly
Approximately the size of a microprocessor chip, Abaco Systems' MIP3ES automatic image stabilizer offers high performance stabilization of real-time video images with any standard definition analog video signal. The commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) MIP3ES operates as a standalone unit allowing great flexibility in board location, especially in platforms where size, weight and power consumption are severely constrained, such as in the cramped space of small unmanned aerial vehicles, video gimbals, and man portable devices.
Easy to configure and operate
The MIP3ES miniature image stabilizer incorporates on-board serial links allowing it to interface to most platforms and is designed for easy configuration and device control with intuitive web based interface.
- Automated Target Tracking
- Addressing the challenges of low latency video system requirements for embedded applications
- Creating Flexible Hardware Systems with FPGA Partial Reconfiguration
- Electronic warfare: an introduction to low latency COTS solutions
- Leveraging FPGAs for Evolving ISR Application Requirements.
- Technologies for responding to rapid developments in cognitive RF and EW


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What is the maximum number of characters for a Lotus Notes text field? In Lotus Notes clients, I am encountering a 32K error.
share|improve this question
Guess you found it... – Chris Lively Apr 30 '09 at 17:20
4 Answers 4
up vote -1 down vote accepted
The default max length for a text field is 254 characters. The maximum length allowed for a text field is 15,360 characters.
share|improve this answer
This is an oldie but a goodie. I had to work that one out the hard way using a binary chop approach to isolate the actualy number. Some good advice about getting around it _URL_ and a technote from IBM _URL_ – giulio Jul 4 '13 at 23:54
There is no "default limit" of 254 characters on a text field in Lotus Notes and Domino. Limits that small only come into play in a few cases, like the size of a string written or read from notes.ini, or from an ACL entry.
The answer according to IBM in the Domino Designer 8.5.x help files is that a text field has a limit 32k bytes. However the Notes 8.5.x C API help files state that the maximum size of an item is 64k bytes, however if the summary flag is set the maximum size is 32k. The summary flag is required for text fields that are used in view columns, and Notes forms always assume that the flag is set. You have to use LotusScript or Java or Notes C API code to work with non-summary items.
Two things complicate this: 1) If there are other summary items stored in the document, each summary text item is competing with all other summary items for space in the summary buffer (which is where view data comes from), and that limit is also 32k. And 2) older versions of Lotus Notes and Domino had a 15k limit on the summary buffer, but it is unclear to me whether it is just the Notes and Domino software version, or the on-disk storage (ODS) version of the NSF file that impacts the summary buffer size.
So, the best information is that you can have a computed-for-display text field of up to 64k, and you may be able to have a stored non-summary text field of up to 64k, but if it is an ordinary summary text field the limit is either 15k or 32k depending on the version of software, and maybe also depending on the ODS.
Bear in mind that LMBCS characters may be multi-byte, so a 32k limit does not necessarily imply 32k characters.
share|improve this answer
Depending on what you are trying to do, you can use a Notes rich-text field, which does not have the 32k size restriction. So, you could use this "rich-text" field to store text only - this is essentially accomplishing the setting of the.isSummary attribute to false, but does not require you to add any script code. Rich-text fields cannot be rendered in views.
share|improve this answer
It is a bit more complicated than that - depending on the version you can increase the size of text fields to 32K by setting the.isSummary property of the NotesItem for the field using the Lotusscript QuerySave event, however this will mean you can't display data from the field in views.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Scissor lift working principle
The hydraulic lifting device controls the direction of movement of the two cylinders. In China, this technology has successfully applied the reliability and durability tests of gas control systems since the late 1980s. In addition, it is necessary to examine the advantages and disadvantages of various control algorithms and control strategies for computer control systems, and provide the basis for actual improvement to obtain the best improvement effect. Therefore, a large-scale hydraulic synchronous lifting test rig was designed. The test rigs included a total of 3 parts
Hydraulic synchronous lifting test bench. Hydraulic loading test bench and computer control system. This article only describes the function of hydraulic synchronous lifting test rig and its debugging test. When the work piece is carried on the elevating work table, a hydraulic cylinder is required to provide the driving force, that is, the hydraulic cylinder outputs energy to the work table; and when the work piece carried on the work bench descends, its potential energy is released.
It is necessary to carry out simulation test of hydraulic synchronous lifting equipment before the actual implementation of the hydraulic lift. It includes: synchronous lifting cylinder, hydraulic pump station, jack and other loading test and pressure test, and sensing detection system.
Related Industry Knowledge
- Hydraulic Lifts
- Self-propelled lift table
- Hydraulic Lifting
- Lifting Table Principle
- Car lifts
- Car Lift Performance
- Use of car lifts
- Elevator electrical system
- Lift Hydraulic system
- Construction Hoist
- What is the role of the car lift an...
- Classification and introduction of ...
- Measures to avoid frequent failure ...
- There are no need to pay attention ...
- Fixed lifting platform features
- Fixed lifting platform function
- The four main points of hydraulic s...
- How to solve the problem of the fai...


text:
Preparing for the hearing
If you made a submission and indicated that you wished to speak to it, then make sure you reinforce your case by presenting to the hearing.
The hearing report
Before the hearing, Environment Southland compiled a hearing report – a 700-page document (called the section 42A report), which provides the Hearing Commissioners with a summary and analysis of submissions, and makes recommendations on possible amendments to the proposed plan.
The Hearing Commissioners don't have to agree with the recommendations contained in the s42A report, but it is still a useful tool to help understand how the submissions have affected council's thinking.
Can B+LNZ help me prepare for the hearing?
We ran eight workshops, to help farmers prepare. These covered:
- What you can expect at the hearing
- What makes a powerful farmer hearing statement
- How to gain traction with the decision makers
- A refresh on the key issues and a heads up on where council thinking is changing
- What to include in your hearing statement.
What if I missed the workshops?
The workshop resources included a booklet and videos, which you can download on this page. View the powerpoint presentation to pick up tips on how to be as effective as possible on the day.
Key areas to consider
We have created a summary of key areas you may which to address called "The Song Sheet". It covers:
- The policy/rule to consider
- What the notified plan said
- What B+LNZ submitted
- Environment Southland's recommendations to the hearing panel (s42A report)
- Some ideas for farmers to consider in their hearing statement
The eight key areas summarised in the song sheet are:
- Physiographic zones
- Pre-empting limit setting process
- Dairy conversion
- Intensive winter grazing
- Stock exclusion
- Cultivation setbacks
- Tile drains
- Farm Environment Plans

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Quantitative Biology

Nylonase Genes and Proteins - Distribution, Conservation, and Possible Origins
Authors: S.T. Cordova, J.C. Sanford
Nylon comprises a family of man-made substances that were first manufactured in 1935. Nylonases are biological enzymes that can break down nylon oligomers. Although the most prominent nylonases are within the family of enzymes classified as 6-aminohexanoate hydrolases, some enzymes not formally classified as 6-aminohexanoate hydrolases also have the ability to breakdown nylons, and so can also be classified as nylonases. Organisms that encode a nylonase enzyme do not necessarily have the ability to actually survive on a nylon substrate as their sole carbon source. Among the first documented organisms that did have this ability was the soil bacterium Arthrobacter KI72. It has long been thought that nylonase genes and proteins were essentially absent from the biosphere prior to 1935. This belief led to the widespread assumption that any nylonase gene observed in the present must have emerged since 1935. Several authors developed hypothetical models of how a specific nylonase gene (the nylB gene found within Arthrobacter KI72), might have arisen very recently as a de novo gene. In this paper we show that the widely-held assumption that all nylonase genes must have evolved very recently is no longer credible. This is in light of the wide-spread distribution of diverse nylonases throughout the biosphere. Likewise, we show that the early speculations regarding the possible de novo origin of the nylB nylonase gene are no longer credible. Our review of the literature shows that a variety of nylonase-digesting bacteria have been found in extremely diverse natural environments – far removed from any synthetic nylon sources. In addition, we show there are over 1800 organisms with computationally predicted (provisional) 6-aminohexanoate hydrolase/nylonase genes in the NIH-funded UNIPROT database. These 1800 predicted nylonases are not yet experimentally confirmed to cleave nylons, but have significant homology to the experimentally confirmed nylonases. In addition to 6-aminohexanoate hydrolases, proteases like trypsin and certain lipases have been experimentally demonstrated to have nylonase activity. If we include all proteases and lipases that may have nylonase activity, the number of organisms with nylonase activity may exceed ten thousand. The widespread distribution of nylonases and their homologs strongly suggests that nylonases were already widespread prior to 1935. Lastly, we have carefully examined the claims that the nylB gene arose as a de novo gene very recently. The theories of Ohno (the frame shift hypothesis) and Okada (the gene duplication hypothesis), were speculative in nature, and yet were uncritically accepted. In light of new data, these early speculations no longer appear tenable.
Comments: 78 Pages.
Download: PDF
Submission history
[v1] 2017-08-25 14:38:23
Unique-IP document downloads: 308 times
Vixra.org is a pre-print repository rather than a journal. Articles hosted may not yet have been verified by peer-review and should be treated as preliminary. In particular, anything that appears to include financial or legal advice or proposed medical treatments should be treated with due caution. Vixra.org will not be responsible for any consequences of actions that result from any form of use of any documents on this website.
Add your own feedback and questions here:
You are equally welcome to be positive or negative about any paper but please be polite. If you are being critical you must mention at least one specific error, otherwise your comment will be deleted as unhelpful.
comments powered by Disqus


text:
New York artist Chuck Close has deep ties to Seattle and the Puget Sound region. Born in 1940 in Monroe, north of Seattle, he attended Everett High School and Everett Jr. College before the University of Washington. He left Washington for Yale graduate school in 1962. Fifty-four years later, the new Schack Art Center in Everett has borrowed "Chuck Close: Prints, Process and Collaboration" from the Parrish Art Museum on Long Island, NY, where curator Terrie Sultan organized this survey of 89 works. A wonderful introduction for locals unfamiliar with their prodigal son's enormous accomplishments, it is also a condensed refresher course for contemporary art enthusiasts who often see Close's work in reproduction because there have been so few exhibitions of his work in Seattle, Tacoma (where he also lived) and Portland.
Sultan concentrates on showing process to the degree that copper etching plates, used woodblocks, printers' proofs and plastic and metal grids are displayed alongside finished, signed and editioned multiples. As a result, viewers get a wider picture of the 75-year-old artist, who suffered a catastrophic "collapsed anterior spinal artery" when he was 48. The artist's subsequent artistic accomplishments echo Dale Chihuly's shift to teamwork after his automobile accident destroyed an eye. Both artists are often paired as Seattle's most illustrious artists (besides Mark Tobey, of course) who have made it big in New York. Printmaking is just as laborious as glassblowing and both artists have worked closely with master technicians to execute their various projects. In addition, their shared hands-on approach to materials falls loosely speaking under the rubric of craft. The key difference between them is that Close begins with a photograph of a person's head and takes off from there, while Chihuly hands a sketch to the team and supervises while they blow it.
We get to see glimpses of all this studio activity from the first "Keith" (1972) mezzotint, through the dozens of self-portraits in every imaginable medium, and on to the giant-sized carpets and tapestries. If you've ever wondered what a lithograph, aquatint, etching, serigraph, woodcut or linocut are, here each medium is presented in depth and explained. All have been used by Close who, since "The Event," paints on an elevator seat with brushes or implements strapped to his wrists. Modular grids receive the paint or ink square by square in a manner that Close lifted from the serial and minimalist art of the 1970s.
What are his themes or, for that matter, what is the meaning of Close's art beyond the technical bravura or the implausible feats by someone who not only was dyslexic as a child and suffers face blindness (prosopagnosia), but is now wheelchair-bound and, according to biographer Christopher Finch, has been subject to subsequent related post-stroke illnesses? On one level, Close's content could be the infinity of possibilities with the art of printmaking; on another, the portraits and self-portraits are intense psychological profiles of average and famous people of our age, i.e., they are rife with social meaning. They accumulate into a broad spectrum of friends and relatives, fellow artists, and several notable music, film and fashion-world celebrities. (The latter form Close's crucial link to Andy Warhol, who pioneered the processed photo portrait.)
Over the past decade, Close turned model Kate Moss into a nine-foot-high Belgian tapestry; heartthrob Brad Pitt peers out of a 19th-century photo invention, the "woodburytype;" and late rock legend Lou Reed became another giant weaving. Art world luminaries like historian Linda Nochlin join other Close SoHo chums such as Roy Lichtenstein, John Chamberlain, Alex Katz, James Turrell and Lucas Samaras, along with younger art-world hotshots Kara Walker, Lorna Simpson and Cecily Brown. Their faces are filtered through elaborately complicated studio procedures that become, for example, the largest Japanese color-woodcut ever made, or a portrait made up completely of dyed-and-pulped, handmade paper wads.
Most interesting to Close fans will be the three-dimensional appurtenances on view; they obtain a sculptural status when isolated in such a well-lit and beautifully designed setting. For example, a plastic waffle grid reveals a view of composer Philip Glass; bent-brass shims are used to depict Close's daughter; and four woodblocks drenched in colored inks expose Close's face. Most amusing of all is a custom-cut jig-saw puzzle of Samaras' shaggy face.
In an age of midcentury abstraction, Chuck Close helped turn the tide back toward representation, but added new approaches to old-fashioned ways of making art. As a result, the most revolutionary figure in contemporary American printmaking helped renew and renovate many aspects of a medium considered passé, but is now unquestionably regarded as fine art.


How is cinnamon made?
Harvest cinnamon
how is cinnamon made? For high cinnamon forest: After planting 15-20 years, then start harvesting. There are two seasons for peeling cinnamon: spring cinnamon is peeled in March 2-3, good quality and cinnamon is harvested in late July and early August. Before harvesting, cut a piece of bark near the base to make water. and nutrition does not go up, so that cinnamon bark flakes off the trunk, the peeling process will be easy. If the trunk is too large, allow another two weeks for the bark to peel off the stem.
How is cinnamon made 1
How is cinnamon made 1
How to peel :
Take a special knife to peel cinnamon bark, cut a bark round the trunk at a position 50-60cm above the ground. Then again cut one round above 40cm below the ring, between the two circles cut a straight vertical line. From the top down, use a small knife to peel off the shell. Continue cutting the shell ring up to the end.
After harvesting cinnamon bark (peeled) for the first time, it is necessary to strengthen care for the stems to sprout again and grow strongly. After 10 years can be harvested a second time.
For low cinnamon forest:
– How is cinnamon made?
After planting 3-5 years, it can be harvested. Choose the biggest trees to cut, accounting for about 3/3 of the total number of trees per harvest. Cut the original tree to take the bark, cut the tree twice a year, then cut the tree again for the next 3 years. Each harvest can harvest 1.2-1.5 tons of fresh bark per hectare. Later on, every year of harvesting this way, the average yield can reach 1 – 1.2 tons of fresh pods / ha. 16-20 year old stumps can reach 20-25cm in diameter, the number of shoots into stems is about 8-14 stems, which is the beginning of the period of strongest growth. Cinnamon harvested to 70-80 years, until poor growth, then remove the old old roots, grow new cinnamon forest.
Processing cinnamon
How is cinnamon made 2
How is cinnamon made 2
Processing dried cinnamon bark:
How is cinnamon made:
Freshly collected bark, spread to the yard to dry and then dried into bundles of 20-25kg for drying. The kilns are designed to be small or large depending on the size of production per household, usually enough to dry 5-10 quintals of fresh shells. According to experience drying cinnamon spread a layer of rice bran to the bottom of the oven, spray tea water on the two ends of the shell, arrange bundles tightly, tightly press together, top cover a layer of bran and cover the top with a layer of rice. Allow cinnamon to evaporate while drying. Just incubation like that during drying, after 21 days, unloaded cinnamon from the oven. Dry at 70-75 degrees Celsius.
Storing essential oils:
Parts of cinnamon tree can store essential oils, but cinnamon bark is a higher value product, so rarely used for storage but mainly used as medicine. Cinnamon leaves picked, dried, bundled into bundles of about 10kg, stored in storage, 1 month after taking away essential oils.
Do not pick the leaves in the spring and before peeling them.
In addition to taking leaves to store essential oils, in the fall when plants stop growing, pruning small branches can also be used to distill fine oils.
How is cinnamon made 3
How is cinnamon made 3
How to store cinnamon essential oil as well as some aromatic oils in general, but need to pay attention to the separation and making of essential oils. Cinnamon essential oil is heavier than water, after distillation, a mixture of water and cinnamon essential oil is obtained. The heavier essential oil sinks to the bottom. But it takes a while to let the oil settle completely. If left in a low temperature, the sedimentation process will be faster and more thorough. Split the water above to recover the cinnamon essential oil below. Part of the filtered water still has a small amount of cinnamon essential oil. When drinking, it smells sweet, slightly spicy and very warm, weighs collected for sale to the purchasing establishments as medicine."- How is cinnamon made"
Preserving cinnamon products
How is cinnamon made.
After drying, put cinnamon bark neatly in cartons or bundle in plastic bags. Do not let broken cinnamon bark will reduce the quality of cinnamon. Cinnamon essential oil has the ability to corrode metal. The oil obtained after distillation should be put into enameled barrels or food plastic containers. Containers of essential oils should be sealed tightly. You can put a thin layer of water on top to limit evaporation of essential oils, while preventing exposure to air oxygen. Both dry cinnamon bark and cinnamon essential oil should be stored in a cool, dry place and avoid direct sunlight.
Now you know how to make cinnamon?
Leave a Reply


text:
PRODUCT: Omron Body Composition Monitor HBF-375
PACK SIZE: 1 device in a box
Omron HBF-375 body composition monitor is an effective weight management device that provides extensive insight of the body. The device provides you with more accurate and precise body composition measurements. It also takes into account the analysis of the visceral fat level, body fat, body weight, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle percentage, and subcutaneous fat percentage.
In addition, this comprehensive body composition monitor also displays body mass index to indicate the optimum levels of fat according to the dimensions of the body.
- Digital Body Composition Monitor with full-body sensing technology.
- Uses 8 sensors on both hands and feet for complete body measurement
- 4-point measurement
- More accurate and complete body composition analysis
- 4 Sets Memory Data
- Also, comes with a body fat monitor
- Store the reading data of up to 90 day
- Tracks the progress of your weight reduction plan up to 90 days
- Past result display
- Resting metabolism display
- Display Body age
- Safe and Effective.
DIRECTIONS TO USE:
- Turn on the power
- When the "0.0 kg" is displayed, take out the display unit
- Select the personal profile number
- Start measurement
- After the measurement, turn it off.
USE UNDER MEDICAL SUPERVISION


text:
Darkness to Light empowers adults to prevent, recognize, and react responsibly to child sexual abuse through awareness, education, and stigma reduction. These free online trainings are designed for organizations that serve youth and individuals concerned about safety of children.
CAPS wants to train 100 Adults in Darkness to Light trainings in 100 days! There are four events throughout the month of April that provide exceptional training. The courses include:


8]. The Authors of that
 document and the VRRP working group were unable to reach consensus on
 which interpretation is correct. This document makes the following
 assumption.
 IPv4 and IPv6 virtual routers are treated as two separate logical
 entities and represented as two separate entries in the
 vrrpv3OperationsTable. This is required due to the undefined behavior
 of the protocol in [RFC5798] in a Multi-Stack scenario.
8. VRRP MIB Structure and Design
 This MIB module contains three tables:
 (1) The vrrpv3OperationsTable, which contains objects that define
 the operational characteristics of a VRRP router. Rows in this
 table correspond to instances of virtual routers.
 (2) The vrrpv3StatisticsTable which contains the operating
 statistics for a VRRP router.
 (3) The vrrpv3AssociatedIpAddrTable, contains the addresses of the
 virtual router(s) that a given VRRP router is backing up.
 Tables are indexed on ifIndex, VRID and the IP version to uniquely
 identify a VRRP router.
 Notifications in this MIB module are controlled using the mechanisms
 defined in [RFC3413].
9. VRRP Multistack Scenario
 The following section provides examples of how some of the objects in
 this MIB are instantiated.
 KEY:
 ----
Tata Expires Oct 2011 [Page 4]
Internet Draft VRRP unified MIB Sep 2011
 The labels in the following tables and diagrams correspond to the
 actual MIB objects as follows:
 if = IfIndex
 AddrType= vrrpv3OperationsInetAddrType
 VrId = vrrpv3OperationsVrId
 State = vrrpv3OperationsStatus
 Prior = vrrpOpeartionsPriority
 IpAddr = vrrpv3OperationsMasterIpAddr
 The following figure shows a hypothetical network with two VRRP
 routers VR1 & VR2, configured with two virtual routers. Addresses in
 '()' indicate the address of the default gateway for a given host, H1
 to H4 are IPv4 hosts and H5 to H8 are IPv6 hosts. A, B and C are IPv4
 addresses and X, Y and Z are IPv6 addresses. In the diagram,
 "Interface" is used in the context defined in IF-MIB.
 +------+ +------+
 | VR1 | | VR2 |
 | | | |
 +------+ +------+
 | |
 Intf = I1 Intf = I2
 IP A | IP X IP B | IP Y
 IP C | | IP Z
 VRID = 1 | VRID=2 VRID=2 | VRID = 1
 | |
 ----+------+------+-+-------+--------+--------++------+--------+---
 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
 | | | | | | | |
 (IP A) (IP A) (IP B) (IP B) (IP X) (IP X) (IP Y) (IP Y)
 | | | | | | | |
 +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
 | H1 | | H2 | | H3 | | H4 | | H5 | | H6 | | H7 | | H8 |
 +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
 ----- MIB Tables For VRRP Router "VR1": -----
 vrrpv3OperationsTable
 -------------------
Tata Expires Oct 2011 [Page 5]
Internet Draft VRRP unified MIB Sep 2011
 | if | VrId |AddrType| State | Prior |IpAddr| |
 +----+------+--------+-------+-------+------+--(..)--+
 | I1 | 01 | 1 | M | 255 | A | |
 +----+------+--------+-------+-------+------+--(..)--+
 | I1 | 01 | 2 | B | 1-254 | Y | |
 +----+------+--------+-------+-------+------+--(..)--+
 | I1 | 02 | 1 | B | 1-254 | B | |
 +----+------+--------+-------+-------+------+--(..)--+
 | I1 | 02 | 2 | M | 255 | X | |
 +----+------+--------+-------+-------+------+--------+
 vrrpv3AssociatedIpAddrTable
 -------------------------
 | if | VrId | AddrType | IP | RowStat |
 +----+------+----------+------+---------+
 | I1 | 01 | 1 | A | active |
 +----+------+----------+------+---------+
 | I1 | 01 | 1 | C | active |
 +----+------+----------+------+---------+
 | I1 | 01 | 2 | Y | active |
 +----+------+----------+------+---------+
 | I1 | 01 | 2 | Z | active |
 +----+------+----------+------+---------+
 | I1 | 02 | 1 | B | active |
 +----+------+----------+------+---------+
 | I1 | 02 | 2 | X | active |
 +----+------+----------+------+---------+
 ----- MIB Tables For VRRP Router "VR2": -----
 vrrpv3OperationsTable
 -------------------
 | if | VrId |AddrType| State | Prior |IpAddr| |
 +----+------+--------+-------+-------+------+--(..)--+
 | I2 | 01 | 1 | B | 1-254 | A | |
 +----+------+--------+-------+-------|------+--(..)--+
 | I2 | 01 | 2 | M | 255 | Y | |
 +----+------+--------+-------+-------+------+--(..)--+
 | I2 | 02 | 1 | M | 255 | B | |
 +----+------+--------+-------+-------+------+--(..)--+
 | I2 | 02


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Learning about proof by induction, I take it that the first step is always something like "test if the proposition holds for $n = \textrm{[the minimum value]}$"
Like this:
Prove that $1+2+3+...+n = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2}$ for all $n \ge 1$.
Test it for $n = 1$:
$$n = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2} \implies 1 = \frac{2}{2}\textrm{, which holds.}$$
* The rest of the proof goes here *
So, I do it all the time (like a standard). But I never really thought about why. Why do I do such test? I can see that if the test does not hold, it cannot be proven by induction, I guess. But is there another reason we do this?
share|improve this question
seems like if you want to prove something from here to infinity checking "here" is a good first step... but I don't know a formal name for that. – Grady Player Dec 1 '13 at 1:12
Here - "the least element" maybe _USER_. Honestly I think that you couldn't comprehensively conclude that the expression is true for the entire set of numbers. – Zhoe Dec 1 '13 at 1:14
IH: All sets of $n \ge 4$ lines on the plane intersect at a single point. If it holds true for $n\ge 4$ points, then it holds true for $n+1$ points since the first $n\ge 3$ points intersect at a point and so too do the last $n$ lines and the two intersection points must be the same point. Therefore, all lines on the plane intersect at a single point. – Neil G Dec 1 '13 at 3:26
A row of dominos can't fall if none of them are pushed. – L. F. Dec 1 '13 at 13:17
9 Answers 9
up vote 50 down vote accepted
Imagine a pond with an infinite linear progression of lily pads. You have a frog who, if he hops on one pad, he is guaranteed to hop on the next one. If he hops on the first pad, he'll visit them all. But if he never makes the first lilypad, all bets are off.
share|improve this answer
He's up a creek without a pad? – Brian M. Scott Dec 1 '13 at 1:27
Either that or the resident cottonmouth got a springy meal. – ncmathsadist Dec 1 '13 at 1:29
_USER_.Scott....brilliant! – Tom Dec 1 '13 at 1:31
We have to test the "base case" because otherwise we could "prove" things by induction that aren't true. For instance: let's "prove" that the sum of the first $n$ even numbers is odd. Certainly if $S = 2+4+\cdots+2n$ is odd, then $2+4+\cdots+2n+(2n+2) = S + 2n+2$ is also odd, since an even number plus an odd number is odd.
So by "induction", the sum of the first $n$ even numbers is odd.
Of course this is false, and the reason we got something false is that we didn't verify that the base case holds (it doesn't).
share|improve this answer
Nice example! It's non-trivial but clearly shows what is wrong. – CompuChip Dec 1 '13 at 11:30
The induction proof is, in a metaphor, a game of dominos. Your goal is to make the pieces fall over, where if the $n$th domino falls, so will the $(n+1)$st. However, if you don't knock down the beginning domino, none may fall over.
An example of what goes wrong without appropriate base case...
Claim: For all $n \in \Bbb{N}=\{1, 2, 3,...\}$, $n \geq 1000$.
Proof without base case: If $n \geq 1000$ the $n+1 > n \geq 1000$.
An example of what goes totally wrong...
Claim: For all $n \in \Bbb{N}$, $n > n$.
Proof without base case: If $n > n$, then by adding $1$ to both sides we see $n+1>n+1$. Therefore, by baseless induction, we've "proved" the claim.
share|improve this answer
Snicker.......... – ncmathsadist Dec 1 '13 at 1:25
It might help to explain why the statement isn't true if your base case is n=1000. Other than the obvious.... how can someone know their base case is appropriate. For example, $n! \ge e^n$ (for sufficiently large $n$) however $n=0$ is a horrible base case. – Squirtle Dec 1 '13 at 5:09
"Baseless induction." What a succinct description of the problem! – David K Mar 10 at 0:57
Let's take your example and modify it slightly:
Prove that $1+2+\cdots+n=\frac{n^2+n+1}{2}$ for all $n\ge 1$.
Let $P(n)$ be the statement "$1+2+\cdots+n=\frac{n^2+n+1}{2}$". Then you need to show that $P(n)$ implies $P(n+1)$. Substituting $n+1$ for $n$ we find that $$ P(n+1) =\frac{n^2+3n+3}{2} $$ Now let's establish the inductive step, that is, that we can use $P(n)$ to establish $P(n+1)$. $$ \begin{align} 1+2+\cdots+n+(n+1) &=(1+2+\cdots+n)+(n+1)\\ &= \frac{n^2+n+1}{2}+(n+1)&\text{by the inductive hypothesis}\\ &= \frac{n^2+3n+3}{2}&\text{as required} \end{align} $$ So we can conclude the highlighted statement. Sort of. Except for the fact that $P(1)$, the base case, sinply isn't true, since it asserts that $$ 1=\frac{1^2+1+1}{2} $$ As has been noted before, if you can't get the first domino to topple, none of the rest will, either.
share|improve this answer
Let's prove that all objects in the universe are the same color. We'll prove by induction that given any set of $n$ objects, all of them are the same color.
Inductive step: Given a set $\{1,... n+1\}$ of objects, we know that $\{1,... n\}$ are all the same color $c_1$, and that $\{2,... n+1\}$ are all the same color $c_2$. But if $n\geq 2$ these two sets overlap, so $c_1$ and $c_2$ must be the same. Therefore $\{1,... n+1\}$ are all the same color.
Base case: If $n=1$, it's obvious. If $n=2$, then the two elements are the same color because... er...
Base case left as an exercice to the reader.
share|improve this answer
To see why we need the base case, consider the following proposition:
Proposition: $\forall n \in \mathbb{N}, n = 0$
Proof: Assume this property holds for all $m \leq k$, and consider $n = k+1$.
= $k + 0$ (By inductive hypothesis noting that $1 \leq k$ is the smallest element of $\mathbb{N}$)
= $0 + 0$ (By inductive hypothesis)
= $0$
Hence the proposition holds for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$
The problem with this proof is that I haven't actually explicitly shown there exists any integer in $\mathbb{N}$ that is equal to zero; moreover, and more importantly, I can never find such an integer. As such, given that I cannot establish the base case I cannot conclude the proposition is true.
share|improve this answer
Its common this question because the introduction to inductive proof is teached very axiomatically ("proof for n=1, then proof for n+1").
An inductive proof is where one proves that a set $A$ is inductive. A set $A$ is inductive if satisfies that
 - $1\in A$
 - $n\in A \Rightarrow n+1 \in A$
If $A$ is inductive, then $A=\mathbb N$
In your example, what it is really being proved is that $A=\{n


text:
The North Wake Landfill disposed of most of Wake County's household waste for more than 20 years until the site reached capacity and closed in 2008. After disposal operations came to an end, the landfill was turned into Green Hills County Park.
The North Wake Landfill no longer receives waste, is under post-closure maintenance and is open to visitors during park hours.
Hours of Operation
- Open: Daily from 8 a.m. until sunset. Check sign at park entrance for sunset/closing time.
- Closed: Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and New Year's Day.
In 2004, the North Wake Landfill Citizens Committee was formed as part of the post-closure planning process to seek ideas from local residents as to how the site will be used after the active landfill closed. The committee met monthly for more than a year to assist the County in the development of the North Wake Post Closure Land Use Plan.
When the landfill closed, the first phase of the land use plan started construction and in 2010, the Green Hills County Park opened. The first phase of the land use plan also included the development of an elementary school and an athletic and community recreation complex on the property next to the landfill. The Abbotts Creek Elementary School opened in 2015.
The second phase of the land use plan includes a dog park and an education center to name but a few proposed additions. It is expected these additions will take place as funding becomes available.
Where Is North Wake Landfill?
The landfill is at 9300 Deponie Drive in north Raleigh.
Is the North Wake Landfill open?
No. Garbage has not been buried there since 2008.
What kind of waste was disposed of at the North Wake Landfill during its operation?
The landfill was permitted to accept municipal solid waste, which includes household garbage, waste from businesses and construction debris.
How big is the North Wake Landfill?
The North Wake Landfill sits on approximately 219 acres and includes three separate landfills:
- 70 acre lined municipal Subtitle D solid waste landfill operated from 1996 to 2008;
- 6 acre unlined construction and demolition landfill operated from 2000 to 2003;
- 33 acre unlined municipal solid waste landfill operated from 1986 to 1997;
What measures have been taken to reduce the environmental impact of the unlined landfill at North Wake?
A synthetic cap was installed to reduce the ability of landfill leachate to enter groundwater. Monitoring stations were also installed to detect any groundwater contamination before it could pose a risk to the environment or public health.
Where can I find environmental monitoring reports for North Wake Landfill?
Facility Manager: Elliott Cornell


Descriptive statistics for absolute values of residuals:
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.06457 6.46397 14.07055 22.86342 26.41772 108.09995
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.5056 19.6640 45.0716 61.4889 80._PHONE_
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.6545 29.8540 59.6756 64.1506 95.7384 _PHONE_
This picture is worth $1000:
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-18
If we didn't know the range of the dependent variable (in our case we do know that the credit rating is on the scale 0–1000), the RMSE or MAE would be hard to interpret.
It turns out that there is a popular normalised (unit-less) measure that is somehow easy to interpret with no domain-specific knowledge of the modelled problem. Namely, the (unadjusted) \(R^2\) score (the coefficient of determination) is given by:
\[ R^2(f) = 1 - \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} \left(y_i-f(\mathbf{x}_{i,\cdot})\right)^2}{\sum_{i=1}^{n} \left(y_i-\bar{y}\right)^2}, \] where \(\bar{y}\) is the arithmetic mean \(\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n y_i\).
## [1] 0._PHONE_
## [1] 0._PHONE_
## [1] 0._PHONE_
The coefficient of determination gives the proportion of variance of the dependent variable explained by independent variables in the model; \(R^2(f)\simeq 1\) indicates a perfect fit
Unfortunately, \(R^2\) tends to automatically increase as the number of independent variables increase (recall that the more variables in the model, the better the SSR must be). To correct for this phenomenon, we sometimes consider the adjusted \(R^2\):
\[ \bar{R}^2(f) = 1 - (1-{R}^2(f))\frac{n-1}{n-p-1} \]
## [1] 0._PHONE_
## [1] 0._PHONE_
## [1] 0._PHONE_
In other words, the adjusted \(R^2\) penalises for more complex models.
(*) Side note – results of some statistical tests (e.g., significance of coefficients) are reported by calling summary(f12) etc. — refer to a more advanced source to obtain more information. These, however, require the verification of some assumptions regarding the input data and the residuals.
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Y ~ X1 + X2)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -108.100 -1.940 7.812 20.249 50.623
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1.726e+02 3.950e+00 43.69 <2e-16 ***
## X1 1.828e-01 5.159e-03 35.43 <2e-16 ***
## X2 2.198e+00 5.637e-02 38.99 <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 34.16 on 307 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9391, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9387
## F-statistic: 2367 on 2 and 307 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
2.3.2 Variable Selection
Okay, up to now we were considering the problem of modelling the Rating variable as a function of Balance and/or Income. However, it the Credit data set there are other variables possibly worth inspecting.
Consider all quantitative (numeric-continuous) variables in the Credit data set.
## Rating Limit Income Age Education Balance
## _PHONE_ 14.891 34 11 333
## 2 _PHONE_ 106.025 82 15 903
## 3 _PHONE_ 104.593 71 11 580
## 4 _PHONE_ 148.924 36 11 964
## 5 _PHONE_ 55.882 68 16 331
## 6 _PHONE_ 80.180 77 10 1151
Obviously there are many possible combinations of the variables upon which regression models can be constructed (precisely, for \(p\) variables there are \(2^p\) such models). How do we choose the best set of inputs?
We should already be suspicious at this point: wait… best requires some sort of criterion, right?
First, however, let's draw a pair plot – a matrix of scatter plots for every pair of variables – so as to get an impression of how individual variables interact with each other.
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-24
Seems like Rating depends on Limit almost linearly…
Pearson's \(r\) – linear correlation coefficient:
\[ r(\boldsymbol{x},\boldsymbol{y}) = \frac{ \sum_{i=1}^n (x_i-\bar{x}) (y_i-\bar{y}) }{ \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i-\bar{x})^2} \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^n (y_i-\bar{y})^2} }. \]
It holds \(r\in[-1,1]\), where:
 - \(r=1\) – positive linear dependence (\(y\) increases as \(x\) increases)
 - \(r=-1\) – negative linear dependence (\(y\) decreases as \(x\) increases)
 - \(r\simeq 0\) – uncorrelated or non-linearly dependent
Interpretation:
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-25
Compute Pearson's \(r\) between all pairs of variables:
## Rating Limit Income Age Education Balance
## Rating 1.000 0.996 0.831 0.167 -0.040 0.798
## Limit 0.996 1.000 0.834 0.164 -0.032 0.796
## Income 0.831 0.834 1.000 0.227 -0.033 0.414
## Age 0.167 0.164 0.227 1.000 0.024 0.008
## Education -0.040 -0.032 -0.033 0.024 1.000 0.001
## Balance 0.798 0.796 0.414 0.008 0.001 1.000
Rating and Limit are almost perfectly linearly correlated, and both seem to describe the same thing.
For practical purposes, we'd rather model Rating as a function of the other variables.
For simple linear regression models, we'd choose either Income or Balance.
How about multiple regression?
The best model:
 - has high predictive power,
 - is simple.
These are often mutually exclusive.
Which variables should be included in the optimal model?
Again, the definition of the "best" object needs a fitness function.
For fitting a single model to data, we use the SSR.
We need a metric that takes the number of dependent variables into account.
(*) Unfortunately, the adjusted \(R^2\), despite its interpretability, is not really suitable for this task. It does not penalise complex models heavily enough to be really useful.
Here we'll be using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).
For a model \(f\) with \(p'\) independent variables: \[ \mathrm{AIC}(f) = 2(p'+1)+n\log(\mathrm{SSR}(f))-n\log n \]
Our task is to find the combination of independent variables that minimises the AIC.
(*) Note that this is a bi-level optimisation problem – for every considered combination of variables (which we look for), we must solve another problem of finding the best model involving these variables – the one that minimises the SSR. \[ \min_{s_1,s_2,\dots,s_p\in\{0, 1\}} \left( \begin{array}{l} 2\left(\displays


text:
The Library of Congress has recently digitalized a collection of over 10,000 photographs, taken by the "American Colony" in Jerusalem, a group of Christian utopians who lived in Jerusalem between 1881 and the 1940s. The photographers returned to the US, and bequeathed their massive collection to the Library of Congress in 1978. The collection includes Winston Churchill's visit to Jerusalem, Jewish expulsions from the Old City during riots, and the
building of Tel Aviv.
By some accounts, the Valero family arrived in Jerusalem in the 18th or 19th centuries from Turkey. Researchers have even suggested that the family were once Conversos - secret Jews who were forced to convert to Christianity in Spain. They later traveled to Turkey and returned to their Jewish faith.
In Jerusalem, the family took up residence in the Old City of Jerusalem. According to a monograph by Hebrew University's Prof. Ruth Kark and Joseph Glass, Ya'akov Valero arrived in Jerusalem in 1835 from Istanbul. Originally a ritual slaughterer, Valero opened a private bank - the first in Palestine - in 1848, located inside Jaffa Gate in the Old City. When Ya'akov died in 1874, the banking and real estate enterprise was eventually taken over by his son Chaim Aharon.
Among the Valeros' land holdings were tracts outside of the Old City on Jaffa Road, the area that eventually became the Mahane Yehuda market, the grounds of the Bikur Holim hospital, and several acres around Damascus Gate, a hub of commerce in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
Prior to World War I Chaim Aharon built and leased stores at the entrance of Damascus Gate, seen in the pictures above.
In the 1930s, the British authorities ruled that the area should be zoned for use as "open spaces" and they demolished the shops in 1937. The Valeros were not compensated.
More photos can be viewed at _URL_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am a little confused by the definition of interarrival time, does it mean the time between two successfully sent packets? and by using opnet, I observed that the shorter the interarrival time is, the higher the network load, is that a correct conclusion? Thanks
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 1 down vote accepted
In short: yes.
Interarrival time is defined as the time between the "start" of two events. (So if you had a network capable of processing two packets at the exact same time, and two packets come in, the interarrival time between those two packets would be zero.)
It sounds like you have some sort of monitoring utility measuring interarrival time. In that case, you should consult the documentation for the tool to see exactly what their definition is and how they calculate it.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Definition of bellowing
p. pr. & vb. n. - of Bellow 2
The word "bellowing" uses 9 letters: B E G I L L N O W.
Direct anagrams of bellowing:
Adding one letter to bellowing does not form any other word in this word list.Words within bellowing not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from bellowing by changing one letter
Browse words starting with bellowing by next letter


The most difficult thing facing developers when they have bugs or crashes is that they can't always reproduce the issue on their end. Their end users are not always expressive enough to explain how they encountered a bug, and this is where Instabug's User Steps feature can help. This saves time for developers to reproduce bug and then fix them faster.
Let's explore more details about what we capture and how the user steps appear on the dashboard, as well as how to dig deeper using Repro Steps.
What do User Steps capture?
Instabug tracks UI Interactions, starting from the launch of the application and continuing as it runs, both in the background and in the foreground. You'll receive a list of UI elements that the user pressed or swiped before the bug occurred. This will tell you exactly how to reproduce the bug or crash that has been reported. User steps also capture most forms of events, including tap, force touch, long press, scroll, swipe, pinch, motion, application, or view. The way user steps are reported makes them easy to read; they're formatted in a very simple way. It varies from one platform to another which is explained in more detail for iOS and Android.
Next, let's see how to view the user steps in Bug Reporting and Crash Reporting.
Where can I find User Steps in my bug reports?
Navigate from your dashboard to the bug reports page (use the left navigation bar).
 1. Open any bug from the bugs list to view its details.
 2. Scroll down until you find the logging section where you can filter by user steps.
Where can I find User Steps in my crash reports?
Navigate from the dashboard to the crash reports page (using the left navigation bar).
 1. Open any crash from the crashes list to view its details.
 2. From the crash details page, click the "View Occurrences" button.
 3. Scroll down until you find the logs section. where you can filter by user steps.
Filtering the User Steps
You can also filter the user steps based on events. Just select from among the filtering options in the logs section.
What are Visual Repro Steps?
For Bug Reporting and Crash Reporting, you can check the visual representation of the user steps by clicking on the "Repro Steps" button. This will display the set of steps the user took while in a specific view. All the interactions that took place in this view are grouped together until the user navigates away from the view.
It's worth mentioning here that all of this is done without adding a single line of code! User Steps are available starting from the Team plan.
For more details and instructions on how to enable or disable user steps, please look at our documentation (iOS, Android, React-Native, Cordova & Xamarin).
Now that you've checked out the User Steps and Visual Repro Steps, you might want to see the rest of the log types we send with each report: Network Logs, Instabug Logs, Console Logs, and User Events.
Did this answer your question?


Quick Answer: How do i label coordinates in autocad?
How do I set relative coordinates in Autocad?
 1. On the command line, enter DSETTINGS.
 2. In the Dynamic Settings dialog box, click the Dynamic Input tab.
 3. Under Pointer Input, click Settings.
 4. In the Pointer Input Settings dialog box, select either Relative Coordinates or Absolute Coordinates, as desired.
24 мая 2017 г.
How do I draw a line with coordinates in AutoCAD?
Using Specific Coordinates
 1. Click Home tab > Draw panel > Line. Find.
 2. Type the coordinate value for the first point by typing the X value, a comma, then the Y value, for example 1.65,4.25.
 3. Press the Spacebar or Enter.
 4. Do one of the following: …
 5. Press the Spacebar or Enter.
How do I make labels in Autocad?
To Create a Label Template
 1. Click Tools menu Palettes dbConnect.
 2. In the dbConnect Manager, click the New Label Template button.
 3. In the Select a Database Object dialog box, select a link template and click continue.
 4. Enter a name for the label template.
 5. To open the Label Template dialog box, click Continue.
How do you use relative coordinates?
Use relative coordinates when you know the location of a point in relation to the previous point. To specify relative coordinates, precede the coordinate values with an @ sign. For example, entering _USER_,4 specifies a point 3 units along the X axis and 4 units along the Y axis from the last point specified.
IT IS INTERESTING: How do i save a high quality pdf from autocad?
What is the difference between absolute coordinates and relative coordinates in AutoCAD?
There are two ways to enter coordinates in AutoCAD LT. The first is absolute, when you know the actual coordinates of the point you want, like (5,3). The second is relative, when all you know is how far the point is away from another point.
How do I get easting and northing coordinates in AutoCAD?
How to Enter Northings & Eastings in AutoCAD
 1. Select the "Home" tab and choose the "Draw" panel.
 2. Choose the "Line" drop down option. Click "Create Line By Northing/Easting." The button is marked with a line and a grid icon.
 3. Enter the "northing" value. …
 4. Type additional northing and easting values to add additional lines.
How do you plot Northing and Easting coordinates in AutoCAD?
To Create Lines by Specifying Northing/Easting Coordinates
 1. Click Home tab Draw panel Line drop-down Create Line By Northing/Easting Find.
 2. Enter a northing value.
 3. Enter an easting value. …
 4. Continue to enter northing and easting values to define the line segments.
How do I add labels in Autocad 2018?
To Insert Note Labels
 1. Specify the layer for Note labels on the Object Layers tab of the Drawing Settings dialog box.
 2. Click Annotate tab Labels & Tables panel Add Labels menu Notes.
 3. In the Add Labels dialog box, under Feature, select Note.
 4. Select the Note label style to use.
 5. Optionally, select a Marker Style to use.
How do you use leaders in Autocad?
 1. Click Home tab Annotation panel Multileader. …
 2. At the Command prompt, enter o to select options.
 3. Enter l to specify leaders.
 4. Enter s to specify straight leaders.
 5. In the drawing, click a start point for the leader head.
 6. Click an end point for the leader.
 7. Enter your MTEXT content.
IT IS INTERESTING: What processor do i need for autocad?
What is relative coordinate system?
Relative coordinates are locations defined by their distance from a reference point. An example of a relative coordinate is the distance from your computer monitor to your printer.
What is the use of offset command?
The offset command in AutoCAD is used to create parallel lines, concentric circles, and parallel curves. We can offset any object through a point or at a specified distance. We can create as many parallel lines and curves with the help of the offset command.
What do you mean by absolute polar coordinates?
Absolute polar coordinates are measured from the UCS origin (0,0), which is the intersection of the X and Y axes. Use absolute polar coordinates when you know the precise distance and angle coordinates of the point. With dynamic input, you can specify absolute coordinates with the # prefix.
Special Project


text:
Many motherboards have electronic chips that control fan speed or measure temperatures. Some are connected via I2C, others via ISA. Most of them can be read out using lm-sensors on Linux computers.
Install the lm-sensors package using:
sudo apt-get install lm-sensors
Try to detect the chips (sensors) connected to your computer:
Query sensor status:


text:
We propose a new metamaterial with a gradient negative index of refraction, which can focus a collimated beam of light coming from a distant object. A slab of the negative refractive index metamaterial has a focal length that can be tuned by changing the gradient of the negative refractive index. A thin metal film pierced with holes of appropriate size or spacing between them can be used as a metamaterial with the gradient negative index of refraction. We use finite-difference time-domain calculations to show the focusing of a plane electromagnetic wave passing through a system of equidistantly spaced holes in a metal slab with decreasing diameters toward the edges of the slab.
© 2007 Optical Society of America
Original Manuscript: January 19, 2007
Revised Manuscript: July 2, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: July 5, 2007
Published: September 6, 2007
Photonic Metamaterials (2007) JOSA A
Anatoliy O. Pinchuk and George C. Schatz, "Metamaterials with gradient negative index of refraction," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, A39-A44 (2007)


text:
The first St Paul's School observatory was constructed in 1930 and was located in the field next to the Red Barn. It was used primarily by Lower School science classes and students interested in astronomy.
The October 22, 1930 edition of the Horae Scholasticae includes this information about the Observatory:
The Observatory given by Mrs. Edward Isham in memory of her son, Edward Pierpont Isham (_PHONE_), has been completed. This gift has added a new and practical activity to our school life. Not only does it fulfill a long-felt need of the Astronomy department, but it provides interest to the many others who will wish to make use of it. . .
The site of the observatory was chosen by Professor Campbell of the Harvard Observatory staff. The telescope is mounted equatorially and is free to turn parallel to the celestial equator around the polar axis. The position of the star is determined by the settings of two graduated circles: the hour and the declination. A small electric motor is used to keep the telescope fixed on a given star as it moves through the heavens.
"Observatory" is part of the following exhibit(s):
Browse similar entries using these tags:
Persons: Isham, Edward Pierpont
Form Year: 1921
Rectorship: _PHONE_: Fourth Rector Drury Years
This item is part of: The Drury Albums
Click HERE for detailed copyright information about this item.
"Observatory." St. Paul's School. Ohrstrom Library Digital Archives. Web. 24 Apr. 2017.


text:
the floor line by doorways, fireplaces, and similar openings." Every wall space of 600 mm (2 ft) or more in width is required to be treated individually and separately from all other wall spaces within the room. A wall space includes two or more walls of a room (around corners) where they are unbroken at the floor line [NEC 210.52(A)(2)(1)]. Spaces occupied by fixed panels in exterior or interior walls are considered wall space for required outlet spacing. Sliding patio or deck panels in exterior walls are exempt from this requirement [NEC 210.52(A)(2)]. See figure 1 for the receptacle layout in a typical room.
Figure 2. Typical receptacle outlet spacing requirements for kitchen countertops in dwelling unit kitchens
Space created by fixed room dividers, such as freestanding bar-type counter or railings, is considered wall space for the purpose of applying these receptacle outlet requirements at dwelling units. Railings create wall spaces where electrical appliances such as televisions, stereos or luminaires are commonly located. Floor receptacles are a common solution for railings and banister locations where receptacle outlets are required to be placed [NEC 210.52(A)(3)].
Where floor receptacles are installed to meet the receptacle outlet spacing provisions, they must be located within 450 mm (18 in.) of the wall they are intended to serve. Without receptacles located for these spaces, occupants often resort to the unsafe practice of using extension cords across walkways or doorways, or they place these extension cords under carpeting or other floor covering, creating a possible fire hazard [NEC 210.52(A)(3)].
Although not an enforceable requirement, a good rule of thumb for receptacle outlet spacing is to space receptacle outlets equal distances apart. Required wall receptacle outlets are in addition to any receptacle that is part of any luminaire or appliance that may be located within cabinets or cupboards, or located over 1.7 m (5½ ft) above the floor (NEC 210.52).
Electric baseboard heating units (fixed electric space heating) create a potential hazard. A flexible cord that is draped in front of or on the hot fins of the baseboard heater can create a fire and shock hazard. Listed baseboard heaters may contain instructions that prohibit the installation of the unit below receptacle outlets. There is no specific vertical distance or separation above which receptacle outlets are then permitted. The Code permits factory-installed receptacle outlets or outlets provided as a separate assembly by the manufacturer in permanently installed electric baseboard heaters to serve as the required outlet or outlets for the wall space utilized by such permanently installed heaters. These receptacle outlets are not permitted to be connected to the electric baseboard heater circuits. The branch circuit that serves that area must be used to supply the receptacle located in the baseboard heater (NEC 210.52).
Small Appliance Circuits (Kitchen)
The Code requires at least two or more 20-ampere small-appliance branch circuits to be installed at dwelling units to serve all receptacle outlets in the dwelling unit kitchen, pantry, breakfast room, dining room or similar area of a dwelling unit. The 20-ampere small appliance circuits are permitted to supply refrigeration equipment located in these areas as well [210.52(B)(1)].
The Code also permits an individual branch circuit for refrigeration equipment per NEC 210.52(B)(1) Ex. No. 2. Where installed, this refrigeration circuit must not be smaller than 15 amperes in rating. The receptacle supplying refrigeration equipment in the kitchen does not require GFCI protection if the receptacle outlet is located behind the appliance and is not readily accessible to serve the countertop.
Photo 1. Combinations AFCI overcurrent devices installed in dwelling unit panelboard
The two or more small-appliance branch circuits cannot have other outlets, with two exceptions. The term other outlets refers to lighting, appliance, and receptacle outlets that do not serve countertops or wall spaces in the kitchen, pantry, breakfast room, dining room, or similar areas. This means that additional circuits must be provided to supply lighting outlets in these areas, kitchen hood fans, built-in microwave ovens, dishwashers, garbage disposals, etc. A receptacle installed solely for an electrical clock in kitchens, dining rooms or related spaces can be supplied by one of the small-appliance branch circuits. Receptacles installed to provide power for supplemental equipment and lighting on gas-fired ranges, ovens or counter-mounted cooking units are also permitted to be supplied from one of the small-appliance branch circuits. Outdoor receptacles and other outlets not specified above are not permitted to be connected to the small appliance branch circuit(s) [NEC 210.52(B)(2)].
At least two of the 20-ampere small-appliance branch circuits are required to serve the countertop surfaces in the kitchen. Either or both of these two circuits can also supply other receptacle outlets in the same room or adjacent areas permitted on the small-appliance branch circuits such as a dining room or pantry receptacle outlets. No small-appliance branch circuit shall serve more than one kitchen. Some dwellings have a kitchen in the basement or in an in-law-type apartment in addition to the main dwelling kitchen. Each kitchen must be supplied by not less than two 20-ampere, small-appliance branch circuits [NEC 210.52(B)(3)].
Kitchen is defined in the Code as an area with a sink and permanent facilities for food preparation and cooking. Permanent facilities for food preparation and cooking are not defined; therefore, is a microwave oven "permanent facilities for food preparation and cooking?" The enforcing agency often has to use good judgment and discretion relative to making this determination to ensure that adequate circuitry and receptacle outlets are provided for the anticipated use.
Kitchen Receptacle Spacing
In kitchen and dining area countertop spaces of dwelling units, a receptacle outlet must be installed at each wall counter space that is 300 mm (12 in.) or wider. In addition, receptacle outlets must be installed so that no point along the wall line is more than 600 mm (24 in.) measured horizontally from a receptacle in that space. For applicable wall counter spaces, this means the first receptacle must be located not more than 600 mm (24 in.) from the edge of the counter space, and the next receptacle can be no more than 1.2 m (48 in.) from the first one, and so on along the wall counter space. Though not specifically mentioned here, the provision of measuring around the corner of the floor for wall receptacles is commonly accepted for wall counter spaces. This 600 mm (24 in.) rule is only applicable to wall or base countertops and does not apply to peninsular or island countertops [NEC 210.52(C)(1)].
Photo 2. Tamper-resistant receptacles (Courtesy of Pass & Seymour/Legrand)
The term appliance garage is referenced in NEC 210.52(C)(5). An appliance garage is often an integral part of the dwelling unit kitchen cabinetry. Although it is permitted to install a receptacle within the appliance garage, that receptacle is not permitted to serve as the required receptacle for the countertop space. Also any receptacle installed within an appliance garage located on the countertop must be GFCI-protected to meet the requirements of NEC 210.8(A)(6).
Receptacle outlets may be required to serve wall space behind sinks or ranges. Two figures are included in the Code to illustrate the condition (NEC figure 210.52). One illustration is for a sink or range that extends from the front face of the countertop. If the space between the sink or range and the wall is 300 mm (12 in.) or greater, a receptacle outlet is required to serve that space. The other illustration is of a sink or range mounted in a corner. If the space between the sink or range and the corner of wall is 450 mm (18 in.) or greater, a receptacle outlet is required to serve that space. The third function of both illustrations is to show where the measurement to the first required receptacle outlet starts at the sink or range.
Island Counter Spaces
At least one receptacle outlet is required to be installed at each island counter space with a long dimension of 600 mm (24 in.) or greater and a short dimension of 300 mm (12 in.) or greater. In essence, this means you can cut a pattern of those dimensions and any island counter space that is 600 mm (24 in.) by 300 mm (12 in.) or larger must have a receptacle outlet for that space. Only one receptacle outlet is required for the island countertop space regardless of how large it is unless a range or sink is installed in the island countertop that creates a 600 mm (24 in.) by 300 mm (12 in.) space on both sides of the range or sink. Additional receptacles, of course, can be added but are not required to meet the minimum provisions of the Code [NEC 210.52(C)(2)].
Peninsular Counter Space
Some kitchens include cabinet configurations that incorporate peninsular extensions from wall counter space. A peninsular countertop is measured from the connecting edge of the base cabinet. The Code requires a receptacle outlet be installed at each peninsular counter space with a long dimension of 600 mm (24 in.) or greater and a short dimension of 300 mm (12 in.) or greater. Like the island counter space, any peninsular counter space that is equal to or larger than 300


text:
6th Annual Gulf-Atlantic Veterinary Conference
Videos and photographs are used to highlight abnormalities in the cranial nerves, parts of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Supplemental materials include more detailed descriptions of pathologic findings for each part of the nervous system assessed. Attendees should feel more confident about identifying pathology and localizing the lesion after the lecture. This talk is usually paired with the Neurologic Exam talk.


text:
Mystery Goo™ Containment Unit
|Mystery Goo™ Containment Unit|
| Environmental sensor by |
Found lying by the side of the road
|Max. Temp.||1200 K|
|Impact Tolerance||12 m/s|
|Experiment||Mystery Goo Observation|
The Mystery Goo™ Containment Unit is a science part used to expose a special goo to both atmosphere and vacuum, in an attempt to gain science. In career mode, it is available at the Start, at level 1 of the technology tree.
The unit is activated either via action group or right clicking the container and clicking observe mystery goo. The unit cannot be reused after its results are transmitted, unless it is cleaned via the Mobile Processing Lab MPL-LG-2 or a kerbal scientist on EVA. Like EVA reports, the science gained from observing the Mystery Goo varies depending on different conditions in flight.
|"||This unit was something one of our engineers came upon while dumpster divin-- Erm, while researching alternative applications for existing technologies. It's a sealed container which appears to be filled with a strange-looking substance. We couldn't reach in or break the canister open, but watching how the Goo behaves when subjected to different situations could be very educational.||"|
- Size and mass reduced
- Initial release


How To: Your Juicer Is Actually a Sauce Maker in Disguise
Your Juicer Is Actually a Sauce Maker in Disguise
There are several reasons why restaurant food tastes so good. One is that the cooks know how to make reductions, which involves cooking down large amounts of liquid until it becomes a pool of thick, glossy sauce. While this technique isn't hard to learn, it can be time-consuming.
Now, courtesy of chef Ignacio Mattos of New York-based restaurant Estela (via Bon Appétit), comes another way: use your juicer to create fresh, one-of-a-kind sauces that are as complex as anything from French or Chinese cuisine, but a heck of a lot easier to create.
Using Your Juicer as a Sauce Maker
Mattos' technique involves zero cooking and creates chef-worthy sauces since, as he notes, fresh juices inherently contain so much flavor and complexity. Instead, you juice herbs and vegetables in two separate batches so you can play with proportions before you sauce a dish.
After you mix the two to suits your tastes, you add something acidic like citrus juice, vinegar, or even pickle juice. You can add salt if desired (a sprinkle of fleur de sel might be a nice touch). After you've spooned the sauce across your dish, you can add a drizzle of high-quality olive oil for extra flavor and a little visual flair.
Juicers are versatile and can create much more than your basic morning beverage. Image via 101 Cookbooks
Mattos recommends juicing a vegetable that has a touch of acid, like sorrel, and then juicing herbs that have an onion-y flavor, like leeks or chives, although he notes that parsley is always a good choice. You can get his master recipe for green sauce and then play with proportions and other flavors as you like.
The fresher the juice is, the more vibrant its color will be in your sauce. Image via Bon Appetit
Remember that fresh juices oxidize quickly, so while you can use your juicer to make sauce in advance, they'll start to turn a little brown-ish after a while. In my experience, after four or five hours they lose their vibrant color ever so slightly and start to separate, even in a tightly sealed container.
Fresh Jucies Plus a Little Cooking Gives You Richer Flavor
This trick has actually been around for a while: a 1994 Baltimore Sun article discusses chefs Jerry Edwards' and David Fustings' technique of running fresh vegetables through a juicer, adding an arrowroot flour-based thickener, herbs, and salt and then lightly cooking the sauce.
This red bell pepper and carrot juice would also make a great sauce (with slightly less apple and lemon, of course). Image via Juicing Recipes Book
Fustings and Edwards like to use a vegetable that has a lot of sweetness and color as a base, like bell peppers or carrots, add an arrowroot slurry (one teaspoon of arrowroot powder mixed with two tablespoons of water), and cook it over medium heat until the mixture thickens.
Afterward, they remove it from heat and add a splash of alcohol or citrus juice and herbs/scallions for taste. They also recommend whisking in a little butter at the end for richness. You can get the complete instructions here.
Either method is a great and relatively easy way to create a fancy sauce that will liven up a simple meal of fish, chicken, or beef. The only complex part is cleaning out the juicer, and you can assign that task to anyone who didn't help with the cooking, right?
Buy Now (97% off) >
Other worthwhile deals to check out:
Our Best Phone Hacks
Gadget Hacks' tips — delivered daily.
Be the First to Comment
Share Your Thoughts
 - Hot
 - Latest