Book in Review: The Broken Cord
Title : The Broken Cord
Author: Michael Dorris
Number of Pages: 300
Chapters: 15
This book was written in August 1989 and it was so well-written it kept me on my toes the entire time!
This book was about a man who decided in his mid-twenties to go forward with wanting to adopt his first child. Yes, a man who was not married, who did not have a huge circle of people to help him raise his child, but he knew he was ready for a child at that time in his life.
The author Michael Dorries (the Dad) decided to write a book based on all of the trials and tribulations he went through after adopting his first son Adam, who had fetal alcohol syndrome. At the time of the adoption, Adam was three. To many people and doctors, adam just seemed small for his size, and the doctors could not give Michael an answer on what was causing Adam to have all of his seizures and why his learning was so delayed.
Michael took many years of research, patience, and wanting to learn everything on how he could best raise Adam and how to raise awareness to mothers who thought drinking excessively during pregnancy was an okay thing to do. He spent years of his life asking people "why". For example "Why should it not be illegal for women to consume alcohol during pregnancy knowing that it will result in damaged children?", "Why can we not regulate laws nationwide to control alcohol consumption, especially in pregnant women?". He asked the top of the people in the nation who were researching the topic on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effect (FAE) how he could best raise his son. It took years for Adam to be fully potty trained, to learn how to tie his own shoe, and Michael had over time adopted two more children before marrying his wife Louise and having more children with her.
Adam is such a kind, and gentle-hearted person who never wanted to truly hurt anyone. In the end of the book, Michael let Adam write his version of growing up and learning how to deal with life and cope with his disability. It was amazing to see what he had to say after reading about him throughout the entire book.
I would definitely recommend this book to anyone. This book is good for the younger generation who doesn't truly know what and how excessive drinking could do to your fetus, and also for the older generation who is seeing so many of these kids in special facility centers and needing the day to day care just to survive. It is amazing and has changed my life in so many ways, and is great for any nurse to read to see how much has changed since the 80's and how much we know now.
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Global Economics
European Countries Top World's Happiest
People living in European countries are among the happiest in the world, according to a new survey measuring health, wealth, education and sense of identity.
Denmark tops the list of 178 countries closely followed by Switzerland, Austria and Iceland. Also in the top 20 are Finland, Sweden, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands and Norway.
The least happy Europeans live in the Baltic countries - Lithuania (155), Latvia (154), Estonia (139) - followed by Slovakia (129) and Hungary (107).
In between, Germany ranks 35, the UK 41, Spain 46, Italy 50, France 62 and Poland 99.
The survey showed that happiness is found to be most closely associated with health, followed by wealth and then education.
"There is a belief that capitalism leads to unhappy people," said UK Leicester University social psychologist Adrian White responsible for the report.
"However, when people are asked if they are happy with their lives, people in countries with good healthcare, a higher GDP per capita, and access to education were much more likely to report being happy," he explained in a statement.
At the very bottom on the list were the African countries Burundi, Zimbabwe and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
"The concept of happiness, or satisfaction with life, is currently a major area of research in economics and psychology, most closely associated with new developments in positive psychology," Mr White added.
A recent BBC survey found that 81 percent of the UK population think their government should focus on making people happier rather than wealthier.
The survey was based on the findings of over 100 different studies around the world, which questioned some 80,000 people in total under the banner of organisations such UNESCO, the CIA and the World Health Organisation.
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_USER_{Petersen2010Steuern, abstract = { -- Fragile states are characterized by institutions which do not have the political will or ability to reduce poverty in the interests of their citizen, to establish basic social security, to promote a successful development process, and to guarantee security and human rights. The regional disintegration processes after the period of imperialism and the fall of the iron curtain have created many new states, which still are politically unstable and unable for a sustainable development. In the literature such states are describes as weak, failing or failed, collapsed, conflict or post-conflict; - dependant on the extent of the particular state failure. Several indicators try to describe such states and partly allow for projections of the future development. Then the role of taxation is discussed in detail before recommendations for the development cooperation are presented. Obviously taxation plays a key role for the democratization process in fragile states.}, address = {Potsdam}, author = {Hans-Georg Petersen}, copyright = {_URL_ keywords = {H11; H20; F5; O1; O2; O57; P50; 330; fragile state; state theory; stable states; fragility index; taxation; shadow economy; tax administration; development cooperation; Politische Stabilit\"{a}t; Staatstheorie; Steuer; Steuererhebung; Demokratisierung; Entwicklungskooperation; Entwicklungsl\"{a}nder; Entwicklungshilfe}, language = {ger}, note = {urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48465}, number = {61}, publisher = {Univ., Wirtschaftsund Sozialwiss. Fakult\"{a}t}, title = {Steuern in Fragilen Staaten: Empfehlungen f\"{u}r die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit}, type = {Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeitr\"{a}ge}, url = {_URL_ year = {2010} }


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The documentation for MvcHtmlString is not terribly enlightening:
Represents an HTML-encoded string that should not be encoded again.
It's not clear to me what exactly the implications of this are. It seems that some HTML helper methods return an MvcHtmlString, but several examples I've seen online of custom helpers just return a regular string.
Questions:
What is an MvcHtmlString?
When should I choose MvcHtmlString over string and vice versa? Why?
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 209 down vote accepted
ASP.NET 4 introduces a new code nugget syntax <%: %>. Essentially, <%: foo %> translates to <%= HttpUtility.HtmlEncode(foo) %>. The team is trying to get developers to use <%: %> instead of <%= %> wherever possible to prevent XSS.
However, this introduces the problem that if a code nugget already encodes its result, the <%: %> syntax will re-encode it. This is solved by the introduction of the IHtmlString interface (new in .NET 4). If the foo() in <%: foo() %> returns an IHtmlString, the <%: %> syntax will not re-encode it.
MVC 2's helpers return MvcHtmlString, which on ASP.NET 4 implements the interface IHtmlString. Therefore when developers use <%: Html.*() %> in ASP.NET 4, the result won't be double-encoded.
Edit:
An immediate benefit of this new syntax is that your views are a little cleaner. For example, you can write <%: ViewData["anything"] %> instead of <%= Html.Encode(ViewData["anything"]) %>.
share|improve this answer

This is a great answer. Sorry it took me so long to get around to marking it. – devuxer Feb 28 '10 at 22:42

I'd add that MVC 2 is compiled against .Net 3.5, not 4. This means that MvcHtmlString doesn't implement IHtmlString because that only exists in 4. The <%: syntax must duck-type - it will always call .ToHtmlString() before .ToString() regardless of interface. – Keith Jul 8 '10 at 7:49

I stand corrected - actually the MvcHtmlString.Create method detects whether IHtmlString is available and dynamically creates the returned class to support it if it is: _URL_-framework/Encoding-and-Strings/… – Keith Jul 8 '10 at 8:50

still a great answer on the second read :) – melaos Nov 9 '11 at 7:41

Follow Up: Is there a meaningful difference between MvcHtmlString and HtmlString? After reading the docs linked above, I still did not know what MvcHtmlString gives me that HtmlString does not. – flipdoubt Jan 9 '13 at 13:41
This is a late answer but if anyone reading this question is using razor, what you should remember is that razor encodes everything by default, but by using MvcHtmlString in your html helpers you can tell razor that it doesn't need to encode it.
If you want razor to not encode a string use
@Html.Raw("hi")
Decompiling Raw(), shows us that it's wrapping the string in a HtmlString
public IHtmlString Raw(string value) {
 return new HtmlString(value);
}
"HtmlString only exists in ASP.NET 4.
MvcHtmlString was a compatibility shim added to MVC 2 to support both .NET 3.5 and .NET 4. Now that MVC 3 is .NET 4 only, it's a fairly trivial subclass of HtmlString presumably for MVC 2->3 for source compatibility." source
share|improve this answer
A nice practical use of this is if you want to make your own HtmlHelper extensions. For example, I hate trying to remember the <link> tag syntax, so I've created my own extension method to make a <link> tag:
<Extension()> _
Public Function CssBlock(ByVal html As HtmlHelper, ByVal src As String, ByVal Optional ByVal htmlAttributes As Object = Nothing) As MvcHtmlString
 Dim tag = New TagBuilder("link")
 tag.MergeAttribute("type", "text/css")
 tag.MergeAttribute("rel", "stylesheet")
 tag.MergeAttribute("href", src)
 tag.MergeAttributes(New RouteValueDictionary(htmlAttributes))
 Dim result = tag.ToString(TagRenderMode.Normal)
 Return MvcHtmlString.Create(result)
End Function
I could have returned String from this method, but if I had the following would break:
<%: Html.CssBlock(Url.Content("~/sytles/mysite.css")) %>
With MvcHtmlString, using either <%: ... %> or <%= ... %> will both work correctly.
share|improve this answer
You would use an MvcHtmlString if you want to pass raw HTML to an MVC helper method and you don't want the helper method to encode the HTML.
share|improve this answer

Hmm...I thought the whole point of an HTML helper method was to encode HTML. What would I do otherwise with an HTML helper method? – devuxer Feb 19 '10 at 0:47

And, besides that, when would I want to return an MvcHtmlString from an HTML helper method? – devuxer Feb 19 '10 at 0:49

Pass to or return from. You would want to return one if your HTML helper generates pre-escaped HTML and you don't want anyone else re-escaping it. – SLaks Feb 19 '10 at 0:51
1
Okay, I think that gets me a little bit closer, but (at the risk of coming across as a smart ass) how do I decide whether I want anyone else re-escaping it? Is it generally good/bad practice to give someone the ability to mess with escaped html? I've never seen a construct like this before. "It's like a string, but please don't touch it...not that there's anything preventing you from touching it, but we'd prefer you don't." What is that about? – devuxer Feb 19 '10 at 1:15

The point is that unlike a regular string, this string has already been encoded. Therefore, there's no need to touch it. – SLaks Feb 19 '10 at 14:02
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text:
Sándor Kabai looks at everyday life in a unique way. "Wherever I go, I keep looking for the possibility of Demonstrations. On the street, a lamp, I'm thinking of making it a Demonstration," says Kabai.
Creating Demonstrations with Mathematica allows him to combine his background as an engineer with his passion for making computer graphics and promoting education. Kabai says Mathematica's advantages are "the precision and knowing the exact location of the objects which are being depicted and the movement which can be produced interactively."
It is especially exciting to him that his Demonstrations, as part of The Wolfram Demonstrations Project, can be used as educational tools for math and science teachers around the world. Kabai says, "It will have very, very great impact. Some people who are not deeply familiar with the possibilities of Mathematica Demonstrations are already very enthusiastic that it will revolutionize the education."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
August 1, 2011
Peregrine Falcon Nesting Season Concludes
Peregrine population continues to grow
COLUMBUS, OH – Young peregrine falcons across Ohio have fledged, marking the end of the 2011 nesting season. There were 39 sites with territorial pairs, of which 34 nests produced eggs. There were an additional five sites with single peregrines present.
This year there were 34 nest sites where an estimated 111 eggs were produced; 26 of those nests hatched young falcons and 24 sites fledged 67 juveniles successfully. The 2011 hatch rate was 70 percent, up slightly from 2010 (67 percent). Additionally, there were two new sites with territorial pairs across the state this year from the 37 pairs in 2010.
The first pair of peregrines nested in Ohio in 1988 at the Commodore Perry Hotel in Toledo. From _PHONE_, along with several other Midwestern states, the Ohio Division of Wildlife hacked 46 birds throughout the state. Peregrine falcons were delisted as a federal endangered species in 1999, and down-listed in Ohio to state threatened in 2008. Peregrines remain on the state threatened list and the Division of Wildlife continues to monitor the population.
Ohio's peregrine falcon program is supported by the state income tax check-off program, donations to the Wildlife Diversity and Endangered Species Fund, and sales of the Ohio Wildlife Legacy Stamp, and the cardinal license plate. Individuals wanting to donate can also make an online contribution at wildohio.com.
Matching federal funds are provided through the State Wildlife Grant Program for this project and other wildlife diversity efforts of the Division of Wildlife that target species of greatest conservation need.
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources ensures a balance between wise use and protection of our natural resources for the benefit of all. Visit the ODNR web site at _URL_.
- 30 -


text: The process of stream trenching and slope formation cause a continuous change in the stress field of the river bank slopes. The superficial rockmass is unloaded in the change of stress field. The depth of unloading should be indifferent in the same area. An investigation is carried on the stress field at a hydropower station in southwest China. The station has two dams. The up and downtream dams have a distance of 1.4km. The investigation detected that unloading depths of the rockmasses at the two dam sites have wider differences. At the upstream dam site, the unloadin depth is more than 20m, and its extreme depth can reach to 90 m. At the downstream dam site, the unloading depthis only 5~20m. Field survey and numerical simulation indicate that orientation of the rock formation is the key factor for the difference in the unloading depths at the up and downstream dams. Trends of rock formation and river bank slopes at the upstream dam are paralleled. The rockmass of steep dip angle is easy to be cracked. The weathering is invaded. The depth of the rockmass unloading is deep. At the downstram dam, the trends of the rock formation and river bank slopes are nearly are perpendicular. The strength of the rockmass is greater than the bedding planes. The structural surfaces that parallel to the river bank slopes are less. Therefore, the unloading depth of rockmass is within 20m.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Effects of Molasses Grass, Melinis minutiflora Volatiles on the Foraging Behavior of the Cereal Stemborer Parasitoid, Cotesia sesamiae
- Cite this article as:
- Gohole, L.S., Overholt, W.A., Khan, Z.R. et al. J Chem Ecol (2003) 29: 731. doi:10.1023/A:1022828921763
- 148 Downloads
Olfactory responses of the cereal stemborer parasitoid Cotesiasesamiae to volatiles emitted by gramineous host and nonhost plants of the stemborers were studied in a Y-tube olfactometer. The host plants were maize (Zea mays) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor), while the nonhost plant was molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora). In single-choice tests, females of C. sesamiae chose volatiles from infested and uninfested host plants and molasses grass over volatiles from the control (soil). In dual-choice tests, the wasp preferred volatiles from infested host plants to those from uninfested host plants. There was no discrimination between molasses grass volatiles and those of uninfested maize, uninfested sorghum, or infested maize. The wasp preferred sorghum volatiles over maize. Combining uninfested maize or sorghum with molasses grass did not make volatiles from the combination more attractive as compared to only uninfested host plants. Infested maize alone was as attractive as when combined with molasses grass. Infested sorghum was preferred over its combination with molasses grass. Local growth conditions of the molasses grasses influenced attractiveness to the parasitoids. Volatiles from Thika molasses grass were attractive, while those from Mbita molasses grass were not. Growing the Thika molasses grass in Mbita rendered it unattractive and vice versa with the Mbita molasses grass. This is a case of the same genotype expressing different phenotypes due to environmental factors.


The Privacy Suite for WordPress
How to determine the retention of specific data sets?
For selected purposes in a GDPR and UK-GDPR compliant, you will need to determine the data retention period. The data retention period is specific to your selected purpose. The GDPR does not mention specific periods, but it does mention the principle of storage limitation (source: GDPR art. 5.1.e).
This means that
 - It is not allowed to keep for longer than you need it.
 - You might need to document (in records of processing activities) how long you keep personal data and be able to justify that retention period.
 - Based on the envisaged time limits you must make sure that the different categories of data are actually erased.
 - You need to inform the data subject about the data retention period. Complianz enables you to do this in the privacy statement (source: GDPR art. 13.2.a).
One of the reasons might be that you're legally obligated to store data concerning taxes and transactions for audit purposes. In the Netherlands, for example, this is seven years. This does not mean we need to store all data for this period, but only the data that is relevant to a possible audit.
A common answer, and with reasonable justification, might be to store all data until the service is completed or terminated, plus three months for all non-relevant data to your local legal requirements. This will allow you to audit and delete all data every three months. For other data sets, you follow the requirements set by your local authorities.
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Straw Fountain
I'm always on the lookout for fun and easy science experiments to try with my kids, so when I came across this simple straw fountain, I knew I'd found a winner. You'd never guess by looking at it that this little straw triangle could act as a water pump, capable of spraying water halfway across the kitchen! (Grabbing some towels before you start is definitely recommended.) Silly as this straw fountain is, it actually opens up some really interesting questions about centrifugal forces if you want to take the discussion a little deeper. Or, just let your kids explore and experience some amazing spinning science!
 1. Ages: 5 - 16
 2. 30 minutes - 1 hour
 3. Super messy
Step-by-step tutorial
 - Step 1
 Cut a straw in half. Take one half and use a needle to poke a hole through the middle of the straw. Put a skewer through the hole.
 Photo reference of how to complete step 1
 - Step 2
 Use scissors to make two slits to the right and left of the skewer, about a half-inch away. Make sure you don't cut the straw all the way through.
 Photo reference of how to complete step 2
 - Step 3
 Adjust the placement of the straw on the skewer, so the skewer tip and the straw ends all meet at the same point. Use tape to secure the straw ends in place, making sure not to cover any straw openings.
 Photo reference of how to complete step 3
 - Step 4
 Fill a glass with water and hold the skewer so that the bottom tip of the triangle is submerged.
 Photo reference of how to complete step 4
 - Tip
 Do this part outside or somewhere you don't mind getting a little wet!
 - Step 5
 With the top of the triangle above water, roll the skewer between your hands and watch your DIY water fountain come to life! What happens if you spin a little faster or slower?
 Photo reference of how to complete step 5
 - Tip
 Try making a bigger triangle shape and see what happens!
 - Learn moreMagnifying graphic
 What's going on? Believe it or not, this simple straw fountain works just like many industrial water pumps! Centrifugal pumps use motor-driven spinning blades to fling water radially outward, just like your fountain does. This is just like the behavior of paint in a spin art machine, or water in a washing machine. (Try peeking inside your washing machine while it's draining — you'll see the drum inside spinning very quickly, which flings the excess water out of drum.)
 The outwards push experienced by the water is called "centrifugal force" — except it's more accurate to call it a "pseudo force". You can explore how this works with another pseudo force you're probably familiar with. Say you're in a car as it accelerates from zero to sixty — you'll be pressed back into your seat. If the driver then slams on the brakes, you'll fly forward. In other words, you get thrown in the direction opposite your acceleration. It's the same thing with the water in the fountain. It's being moved in a circle, so the direction of acceleration is towards the center of the circle. The water experiences a push in the opposite direction, and is flung outwards through the straw — and all over the floor!
Share what you made & tag us at!
;


Author(s):,,
Keywords:,,,
Abstract: Thermal properties of Ca3xDyxCo3.95Ga0.05O9+d were quantified, as were the thermoelectric properties. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the phase of the samples. The thermopower of all samples was determined to be positive. The figure of merit and the power factor increased for the samples after doping had occurred.
Reference: Journal of Electronic Materials, 42(12) (2013)
DOI: 10.1007/s11664-_PHONE_-3


text:
A method of assessing the anxiety of an individual developed by Norman L. Corah, an American behavioural scientist, in 1969. The scale consists of four questions about different dental situations. Each question is scored from 1 (not anxious) to 5 (extremely anxious) so the range of possible scores is 4 to 20. Scores of 15 or more indicate profound anxiety. See also modified dental anxiety scale.
Corah N. H. Development of a dental anxiety scale J Dent Res 1969;48:596.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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I am new to event driven development, and I feel lost when I try to implement events that should pass the core/UI boundary.
In my program I have the following (example in c#):
UI.RuleForm Core.RuleList UI.ResultForm
Cell 1 Rule 1
Cell 2 Rule 2
Cell 3 Rule 3
What I want is: when a RuleForm cell changes, it will update the corresponding rule in RuleList. And when the RuleList changes, the resultFrom will be recalculated from the rules.
My current thought is that, in order to keep core logic separated from UI logic (i.e. core should know nothing about UI), core should then only generate events, but not processing events generated by others.
So I have to create some kind of UI.RuleListWrapper which can process RuleForm change events, updating Core.RuleList. RuleList in term should fire OnChange events that UI.ResultForm can use.
So in summary, my questions are:
I want to know if my reasoning and purposed implementation is okay or not, which probably means: should a core module be able to process events generated by outside UI Is my separation some kind of "mysophobia", or has it been done before. Are there other better approaches?
share|improve this question

Switch to WPF and use MVVM problem solved ;) – Mike Brown May 1 '12 at 14:40

You have 3 good answers. Why not pick one. – KingOfHypocrites May 7 '12 at 15:32

sorry, was a bit busy lately. I want to study and understand INotifyPropertyChanged before I accept it. – lulalala May 8 '12 at 2:09
3 Answers 3
up vote 1 down vote accepted
What I want is: when a RuleForm cell changes, it will update the corresponding rule in RuleList. And when the RuleList changes, the resultFrom will be recalculated from the rules.
My current thought is that, in order to keep core logic separated from UI logic (i.e. core should know nothing about UI), core should then only generate events, but not processing events generated by others.
So I have to create some kind of UI.RuleListWrapper which can process RuleForm change events, updating Core.RuleList. RuleList in term should fire OnChange events that UI.ResultForm can use.
Look up "data binding" in .NET. That seems to be what you're after. It's handled differently depending on whether you do WinForms or WPF, but the concepts are the same.
Your idea on the approach you need to take is basically right, however you probably don't need a RuleListWrapper class (at least not in this specific case). Through data binding your cell changes will automatically update the corresponding rule. Then your rule can raise a property change event to be handled by your result form.
Specifically, look up the System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged interface for your rules. If you're using WinForms, look up BindingSource for the UI, and for WPF just look up the built-in binding syntax.
share|improve this answer
By core do you mean business layer, presentation layer, etc? By presentation I don't mean UI. Depending on the pattern, the UI might raise events to the presentation layer who would then interface with the business layer. Typically your middle tier will respond to UI events and communicate back with the view via a viewmodel or through an interface (once again depending on the pattern). If it is truly a core model in the utility sense, then I would say have a middle layer handle the events being raised and then call into the core model and back into the view.
share|improve this answer

yes the whole program is a small utility WinFrom application. Core is just like the utility API, which the UI(just a bunch of forms) will use. – lulalala May 1 '12 at 13:45

Then use an intermediate layer to respond to UI events. This may be a controller, presenter, etc. It will then call into the utility and communicate back with the UI. The UI publishes the event... The middle layer subscribes, calls into the utility, responds back to UI. – KingOfHypocrites May 1 '12 at 15:06
To keep concerns separate the core should not respond to UI events. That doesn't mean it can't respond to other events, generated say by the UI event handlers.
Keeping abstractions completely isolated is a difficult problem; sometimes there is only so much you can do. You may need to make the core interface aware of the existence of the UI, for example. But that doesn't mean it needs to know how the UI works. That can be taken care of by the UI/presentation layer.
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text:
Canes are strong slender often flexible stems from bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane.
Crops are a short type of whip without a thong used in horseback riding, also known as riding crops.
Feathers are plumage from a bird or other animal. Some feathers are synthetic with plastic spines. Ticklers are flexible wands with rubber strands or feathers.
Floggers are lightweight whips with a handle and multiple lashes.
Paddles are flat blades, usually in the shape of an oar, with a handle. Some are paddles are padded and some have words that leave impressions.
Slappers are two paddles bound together at the handle. When struck against a person, the two paddles hit one another and create a loud sound.
Whips are sticks or handles with lashes or tassels attached to the end.


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Cc the Roles of Women in Latin America and Western Europe
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The roles of women in Latin America and Western Europe from _PHONE_ were alike in the neither having many rights, but differed in their mindset of the matter and drive to change it. Women in Latin America during this time period were content to remain at home. They saw their duties as being a wife and a mother above all else. These women could not vote. They could not gain a position in business or politics. However, they did have the right to participate in political discussions. The lack of freedom these women had did not drive them to fight for equality.
The view on their roles in the society was fueled by their heavily Catholic background. Because of the way Catholicism viewed their women, they did little to make any advances toward suffrage or any other rights. In Western Europe, women worked hard to make changes to their subservient roles. They had very few rights. They were able to participate in political discussions and could work in small business if alongside her husband and only if she was of lower class. They could not vote, divorce or work in political office.
When the "Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen" was written, the women fired back with their own version of it, the "Declaration of Rights of Women and Citizen" written by Olympe de Gouges. In this declaration they demanded the right to vote, divorce, own property in marriage, be educated and have a career. Because of their persistent attitudes toward equality, West European women began to gain rights. Women in both regions of Latin America and Western Europe, had very few rights but were allowed to participate in discussions if they so chose to.
They could not vote, or attain any position of important standing. They differed in the sense of their drive to change things in regards to their being viewed as subservient. While Europe fought for their rights, Latin America accepted their main duties to be in the household. They stayed home, worked hard and raised families. Europe wanted how their own voice in their government as well as equal rights to those of men and therefore their made attempts to gain said rights.
Because of their drive and ambition, these women did began to get what they were fighting for, whereas those in Latin America did not gain the right to vote and so on until later. Latin American women had little to no ambition to fight for equal rights and did not mind staying at home and just being a wife and mother. However, Western European women fought for their rights and ability to participate in government. Because of their persistency, European women eventually did get what they wanted while Latin American women's gaining of suffrage and other rights were delayed.
Brandon Johnson
Author: Brandon Johnson
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University of Minnesota Extension
 Menu Menu
Extension > Community > Civic Engagement > Tip Sheets > How can we support more productive discussions?
Engaging with the Public: A series of best practice tip sheets
How can we support more productive discussions?
Tip: Set ground rules
In public meetings, forums, hearings and other group settings, productive discussion is critical. Ground rules help a group start and maintain productive discussion. Ground rules clarify expectations for behavior in the meeting. In this tip sheet, we answer the question:
How can we start and maintain productive discussions?
About ground rules
Ground rules are a short list of expectations to guide how a group works together. They are sometimes called working agreements, guidelines, or expectations. While many public organizations use parliamentary procedure as a form of ground rules, such formal rules may not be sufficient or appropriate for guiding public discussion.
Effective ground rules help:
Here are suggestions for ground rules that can be especially helpful for public meetings:
Groups can create ground rules in advance of the meeting, or with the group at the meeting. The group's size and purpose can determine how ground rules are set. In large public meetings, we recommend that meeting planners provide ground rules created in advance. This allows the group to focus on the meeting topic while having clear expectations for discussion. In smaller groups, creating expectations together as part of the meeting is a helpful first step to working and making decisions together, particularly in a group that will work together over time.
Once ground rules are clarified, leaders should confirm with the group that these rules will guide discussion. The group's agreement allows the leader or a group member to directly address an issue when a ground rule is not followed.
Having nine or fewer ground rules helps the group more easily remember and support them. Post rules on a handout, table tent or flip chart so that they are readily available. If the group meets multiple times, repost rules at each meeting to orient new participants and remind others.
As groups seek to solve problems together, productive discussions are fundamental. Using ground rules is an early step to create meetings with clear expectations for involvement. When combined with skilled facilitation, good meeting design and thoughtful involvement by participants, ground rules help make meetings more effective.
Boyce, K. (2002). Ground rules for public participation. Fact sheet. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension
Justice, T., and Jamieson, D. (1998). The complete guide to facilitation. Amherst, MA: HRD Press.
Scheffert, D., Anderson, M., Anderson, S., et al. (2001). Facilitation resources, volume 4: Managing group interaction. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension.


text:
The Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF) is one of the largest hot cells dedicated to radioactive materials research at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The nation's lead laboratory for nuclear energy research and development utilizes HFEF capabilities in researching radioactive materials development and characterization.
HFEF began operations in 1975, providing a two hot-cell complex and radiation-shielded rooms for handling irradiated reactor fuel and structural materials. HFEF hosted examinations providing data used to determine the performance of fuels and materials irradiated in EBR-II and other facilities. The facility performs transuranic (TRU) waste characterizations supporting the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. Underneath the hot cells, HFEF's basement hosts the Neutron Radiography Reactor (NRAD), a reactor built for neutron radiography irradiation of small test components.
The facility provides shielding and containment for remote examination, processing and handling of highly radioactive TRU-bearing materials. Shielded cells, unshielded labs, support areas and special equipment for handling, examining and testing highly radioactive materials make HFEF an invaluable part of INL's nuclear infrastructure.
Modifications to the facility now allow for receipt of almost any over-the-road commercial shipping cask and partnering with the commercial industry to test used commercial Light Water Reactor nuclear fuel rods.
HFEF provides support to a variety of programs including, but not limited to, the nuclear fuel cycle research, Generation IV technologies and Space Nuclear programs. It includes non-destructive examination, such as dimensional measurements and neutron radiography, and destructive examination, such as mechanical testing or metallographic/ceramographic characterization.
Development at HFEF also supports pyroprocessing activities at the Fuel Conditioning Facility. Pyroprocessing, or pyrometallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuel, is the principal alternative to aqueous reprocessing technology that is being developed under the nuclear fuel cycle research.
Significant projects performed in HFEF include:
- Examination of fuels and components for the Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) and Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) programs.
- Preparation and post-test examination tests utilizing large test loops for irradiation in the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) and the Sodium Loop Safety Facility (SLSF).
- Examination of test assemblies and fuel rods irradiated in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF). HFEF is the only large, inert atmosphere hot cell that is suitable for examination of chemically reactive materials.
Experimental Breeder Reactor-II/Transuranic Waste Characterization
Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) was one of the first liquid-metal-cooled fast breeder reactors to prove it could serve as an electric-power-generating plant operating on recycled fuel. Breeder reactors produce more fuel than they consume. EBR-II began generating power in August 1964 and was decommissioned in 1994.
HFEF still performs examinations on the fuels and materials irradiated in EBR-II, providing data to determine their quality of performance. The facility also performs TRU waste characterizations supporting WIPP in New Mexico.
The facility has two large, highly-shielded hot cells. The main cell, which is stainless steel-lined and gas tight, has 15 workstations, each with a 4-foot thick window of oil-filled, cerium-stabilized glass and a pair of remote manipulators. The decontamination cell has six similarly equipped workstations. Each cell is equipped with overhead cranes and overhead electromechanical manipulators. Cell exhaust passes through at least two stages of HEPA filtration.
Radioactive materials are introduced into the hot cells via a shielded cask on a transfer cart, which accesses the cells through an under-cell transfer tunnel. A penetration through the top of the main cell also allows the introduction of large components or fuel assemblies.
Neutron Radiography Reactor
NRAD is a 250 kW TRIGA reactor in the basement of HFEF. It is equipped with two beam tubes and two separate radiography stations that make it one of the finest facilities in the world for neutron radiography irradiation of small test components, a process not possible using conventional X-ray methods.


Travel Series: Kagoshima, Japan, Jikuya Shochu Distillery
Jikuya Shuzo
Address: 1427 Hirakawa, Satsuma, Satsuma District, Kagoshima Prefecture _PHONE_, Japan
Phone: +81 996-54-2507
Maiko Jikuya is one of the very few female Toji (distilling meister) in Kagoshima (and Japan!) and the fourth generation Toji of Jikuya Distillery, a family run business that was established over 100 years ago. It is located in a small town called Satsuma in Kagoshima prefecture of Kyushu. The warmer southern regions such as Kagoshima, are more suitable for distilling Shochu rather than brewing Sake.
Since we visited in June, there was nothing going on at the distillery. They still make Shochu seasonally, which means that they wait for the sweet potato harvest in the fall, and the season continues from fall to winter. Shochu can be made from a variety of different ingredients but the most common are barley, sweet potato and rice (you can also find Shochu made of buckwheat, sesame, carrot, Kokuto, Kuzu and many more!). The main ingredient is not the only importantas in Sake making, the Koji and water play a vital role in making quality Shochu.
While Jikuya only makes sweet potato Shochu, they play around with different types of sweet potatoes and different types of Koji, which is what affects the aroma of Shochu. Koji is the national fungus of Japan, which is used for making Shochu, Sake, Miso, soy sauce, Mirin, and rice vinegar. It is used to inoculate steamed rice, barley or soy beans, which is then used as a sort of fermentation starter. For Sake, it is the type of yeast that influences the aroma, but for Shochu, it is the Koji that influences the aroma and overall character. All three types of Kojiwhite, black and yellow, are used in Shochu making, but in Sake making, breweries use mostly yellow Koji types. When yellow Koji is used to make Shochu, the result is a very floral and light spirit. In both Sake and Shochu, Koji is what breaks down the starches into fermentable sugars.
Sweet potato (Imo) Shochu is an acquired taste in my opinion, but I was surprised when I tasted the Shochus at Jikuya. When I think of a typical Imo Shochu I think of super funky aromas and a rich, caramel-like finish on the palate, but Maiko makes a lot of delicate, floral and fruit forward shochus that are quite feminine yet powerful. Jikuya ages their shochu in huge clay pots (Kame) for at least a year to be able to label them as Kame Shochu. We were lucky enough to try some young Annou Imo Shochu straight from the pot (so it was cask strength as well). I was amazed at how smooth it was.
We were also lucky to try their raw spring water (dug up from 40 meters underground) from Mount Shibi (pictured in the background). This is the water they use to make their Shochu. This water was ridiculously soft, with a full body. Apparently Mizuwari (half Shochu half water) and Oyuwari (half Shochu half hot water) made with this water is something special but unfortunately we did not get to try…
It would have been more interesting to visit during the busy season but in retrospect it was probably good that we went during the down season because Maiko actually had time to show us around! Jikuya only has 11 employees! I am always amazed at how small many of these Shochu distilleries and Sake breweries are. I hope that Jikuya's shochus will be available in New York soon!
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text:
We use low-dose CT for safer scans
Bayhealth offers high-definition, low-dose Computed Tomography (CT) that reduces your exposure to radiation up to 50% compared to other existing CT technology.
With more of these specialized CT units than any other health system in our area, we are able to produce sharper images to better diagnose your condition.
Our radiologists are fellowship-trained physicians who utilize high-definition, low dose CT to diagnose your medical conditions more accurately and safely.
Accredited by ACR for Expertise in CT Imaging
All Bayhealth computed tomography (CT) units are accredited by the American College of Radiology (ACR), a national organization that mandates diagnostic quality and safety standards. The ACR accreditation verifies that Bayhealth has achieved excellence in CT imaging, dose measurements and scanning protocols.
The lowest possible radiation dose for your CT scan
Your safety is our priority. We've invested in imaging technology so that we can produce superior imaging with the lowest possible exposure to radiation. For children, who have a higher sensitivity to radiation, this equipment is especially important. Bayhealth Imaging adheres to the standards of Image Gently, a program dedicated to pediatric patient radiation safety.


text:
The Complete Guide to the Birdlife of Britain and Europe
List Price: $59.95
This authoritative guide is unparalleled in scope and depth. More than 3,500 brilliant color illustrations show each bird from up to twelve different angles, clearly and accurately presenting all distinguishing features of male and female, juvenile and adult birds. The engaging text is easily accessible yet detailed enough to satisfy even the most experienced birdwatcher.
Each entry includes both common and scientific names for the bird. A succinct summary facilitates instant identification of the species and is followed by detailed discussions about habitat, feeding, displays and calls, breeding, migration, and length. A separate box offers "when to see" and "where found" information, indicating the time of year and where in Britain and Europe the species can be seen. For quick reference, icons accompanying each entry indicate the status of the species in Britain (resident, rare vagrant, etc.) and its preferred habitat. Finally, the captions accompanying the illustrations suggest features to check if a bird cannot be quickly identified.
This thorough guide is color coded to allow instant access to the right bird. For its level of detail, convenience, and incomparable illustrations, The Complete Guide to the Birdlife of Britain and Europe is an essential addition to any birder's library.
ISBN 13: 9781588340887
More from Life Sciences & Biodiversity


text:
Diphtheria toxin (DT) fusion proteins can selectively target malignant cells and induce cell death by a different mechanism than conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Cytotoxic therapy with DT fusion proteins is a potential treatment option for relapsed/refractory cancers that are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. Due to the heterogeneity of chemical conjugates, the majority of DT fusion proteins used in clinical trials are recombinant DT fusion proteins. These consist of the catalytic and translocation domains of DT fused to tumor-selective ligands (single-chain antibody fragments [sFv], cytokines and growth factors). In this review, recent progress in DT fusion protein design and synthesis, clinical updates of DT fusion protein trials, and the challenges and perspectives for DT fusion proteins are discussed. Although DT fusion proteins have a unique mechanism of action toward tumor cells, their clinical use is limited by nonspecific cell toxicity, particularly endothelial damage. Immunogenicity also limits repeated dosing. New approaches to overcome these limitations are needed.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pharmacology (medical)


text:
Definicja combination by order
Type of order combination
If you combine several orders by order, all the operations from the original orders are copied to the combined order.
You have four production orders (original orders) for paper of identical quality and size.
This paper is manufactered in three operations:
Operation 1: Produce paper
Operation 2: Cut paper
Operation 3: Pack paper
Because all three operations for manufacturing the paper must be carried out for the production orders, you can combine these by order.
The combined order then covers all three operations.
Słownik i definicje SAPa na C.


text:
The dam at Littleville Lake is located on the Middle Branch of the Westfield River in Huntington and Chester. From Westfield, visitors can reach the dam by taking Route 20 west to Huntington, then Route 112 north.
In conjunction with Knightville Dam, Littleville Lake provides flood protection to Huntington, Westfield, West Springfield, and other communities on the Westfield River. Littleville Lake also helps to reduce damages along the main stem of the Connecticut River. Littleville Lake is a multipurpose reservoir, serving as a backup water supply area for Springfield in addition to its flood control function.
Construction of the dam began in June 1962 and was completed in October 1965, costing $6.8 million. Relocation included about five miles of town roads, seven miles of utilities, and a 350-grave cemetery. The project has prevented $148.5 million in flood damages since it was built (as of September 2011).
Littleville Lake consists of an earthfill dam with stone slope protection 1,360-feet long and 164-feet high; a 935-foot-long earthfill dike with a maximum elevation of 46 feet; a gated horseshoe conduit, eight feet in diameter, with a length of 374 feet; and a chute spillway cut in rock with a concrete weir 400-feet long. The weir's crest elevation is 20 feet lower than the top of the dam. The dam also has a 790-foot-long, four-foot diameter gated concrete conduit used specifically for water supply purposes.
Littleville Lake contains a 275-acre water supply pool that has a maximum depth of 90 feet. The flood storage area of the project totals 510 acres and extends 3.7 miles upstream, principally through the town of Chester. The lake and all associated lands cover 1,579 acres. Littleville Lake can store up to 7.49 billion gallons of water for flood control purposes. This is equivalent to 8.3 inches of water covering its drainage area of 52.3 square miles.
In the April of 1987, the combination of melting snow and heavy rains caused the flood waters to rise 53 feet behind the dam, filling Littleville Lake to 90% of its capacity. Littleville Dam prevented an estimated $11 million in flood damage to downstream communities during this one storm event.
The Reservoir Control Center (RCC) is the "nerve center" for the New England flood damage reduction dams such as Littleville Lake. Using radio and satellite communications, the team constantly monitors river levels and weather conditions that influence flood risk management decisions.
Corps personnel, in conjunction with RCC regulate the amount of water released downstream by raising or lowering two gates located in the gatehouse at the dam. In a time of high water, the gates are lowered in order to hold back the water, only to be released when downstream river conditions begin to recede.
For details call _PHONE_ or visit _URL_
- Updated: May 5, 2021


text:
Word games can be of several different types:
Letter arrangement games, where the goal is to form words out of given letters:
- Anagrams (not to be confused with the linguistic recreation below)
- Pick Two
- Swedish puzzles
See word play for literary works in which the nature of the words used themselves become part of the subject of the work.


text:
The following spreadsheet uses the system design rules from the Jovian Chronicles Companion 1st Edition. Individual values have been adjusted slightly, as the original rules did not effectively affect the modifiers for different accuracy, rate of fire, and some querks. In the column "JC Calc" you find the calculation of the costs according to original rules, in the column "Mod. Calc" the calculation after my adaptation.
Pale blue boxes require an entry or selection. Yellow boxes show important intermediate calculations and values. The final calculation of the created design is done in the two black framed tables below. Some tables with reference values follow, these are included by the system design depending on the inputs.


text:
1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) were measured in vitro and in vivo in Friend leukemia cell tumors during subcutaneous tumor growth in syngeneic mice and after in vivo administration of either purified murine interferon α/β (IFN) or recombinant tumor necrosis factor α (TNF). Untreated tumors exhibited monoexponential T1 relaxation independently of tumor age at least until Day 16 after implantation. Histological examinations showed that under these conditions tumors were highly homogeneous and substantially free of necrotic areas. Peritumoral administrations of either IFN or TNF did not significantly alter the tumor relaxation properties at early stages of inhibition of tumor growth. The longitudinal relaxation decay became instead clearly biexponential at later stages (more than 7 days of IFN treatment or 2 days after TNF administration). While the T1 relaxation behavior could be unequivocally correlated with the presence of necrotic areas in these tumors, it could not be considered as an early marker of the altered growth capability, induced by administration of either IFN or TNF.
|Number of pages||9|
|Journal||Magnetic Resonance in Medicine|
|Publication status||Published - 1992|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
- Radiological and Ultrasound Technology


Sorry, no definitions found.
Sorry, no etymologies found.
 - I suspect your climber was an introduced Dendrodrilus rubidus European bark worm which is indeed only epigeic with some inclination to climb trees.
 Why did the earthworm climb the tree?
 - The first to invade are the epigeic species that live in, and therefore consume, the litter layer.


Clicking Neck
Please read how the neck works before reading the following.
Most people fear that the clicking is caused by bone hitting bone. However, thankfully nowadays this is rare. If you have this it is likely that for many years you have been suffering severe pain and movement restriction. If this is you please go and see your GP for a referral to an Orthopaedic consultant as soon as possible.If you felt a click with a sudden or traumatic injury like a car accident or a fall you must see an Osteopath, Physiotherapist or doctor as soon as possible for a full assessment, because you may have damaged a vital ligament or bone.
If the noise is not painful it is most likely to be air pockets popping with the changes of pressure that movement causes inside the fluid of the neck joints. A clicking neck can also be caused by small particles swishing around in the fluid of the neck joints.
Painful clicking can be caused by soft tissue damage in the joint like cartilage that has been worn away or has broken off and is floating around in the joint. Clicking or clunking can also be caused by tendons or scar tissue slipping over bony prominences.
In summary – if your clicking neck is also painful you need to get it checked out but if it is not painful you need not worry about it. If in any doubt please get in touch!
We promise to never share your email address with anyone.
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Fig. 6 | Movement Ecology
Fig. 6
From: Foraging movements of breeding Kelp Gulls in South Africa
Fig. 6
Conditional inference tree for the effect of colony and maximum distance on dominant habitat (A = Ocean, B = Coastal, C = Terrestrial natural, D = Terrestrial anthropogenic, AB, AC, BD, and CD are combinations of the major categories). Each oval contains one of the two explanatory variables, colony or maximum distance. Following the branches lead to the partitions of the variables based on a significance value of p ≤ 0.05. The value above each leaf represents the total number of observations that fall within the node. Histograms show the probability of dominant habitat. Colonies DW = Dwarskersbos, MA = Malgas Island, JU = Jutten Island, ST = Strandfontein, KE = Keurbooms, SW = Swartkops
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text:
From Ohio History Central
The National Negro Bowling Association (NNBA), the predecessor of the National Bowling Association, was formed on August 20, 1939, in Detroit, Michigan.
In the 1930's, most bowling organizations restricted membership to white people. A group of African Americans formed their own association. The NNBA held its first tournament in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1939. The organization included teams from Detroit, Michigan; Cleveland, Ohio; Cincinnati, Ohio; Columbus, Ohio; Toledo, Ohio; Indianapolis, Indiana; Chicago, Illinois; and Racine, Wisconsin. Teams from other parts of the United States joined the association, but bowlers from Cleveland, Chicago, and Detroit dominated the league until the 1950s.
In 1944, the NNBA became known as the National Bowling Association. The Association welcomed people of all races but African Americans continued to dominate the group's membership. One of the organization's presidents during the 1950s was William DeHart Hubbard, an African-American sports legend from Cincinnati. In 1951, the two other major bowling organizations, the American Bowling Congress and the Women's International Bowling Congress, also stopped excluding people from membership on the basis of race and allowed whites and blacks to compete in the same events. A principal reason for this change was legal pressure from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the National Bowling Association.
The National Bowling Association continues to exist today. In 2007, the organization had a membership of thirty thousand adult members. The association also oversaw approximately five hundred separate leagues within the United States.


API Analytics
How to view and filter your API analytics
You can view analytics for your API from the Analytics tab of your API. You can view a graph for API calls, error rates, or latency. For example, the graph below shows API Calls so the API Calls section is highlighted in blue. You can click on "Errors" or "Latency" to switch views.
You can also adjust the timeline and granularity of the graph by using the Time Range and Period dropdowns.
Filter Analytics Graph by Endpoint
The default view shows analytics based on all of your endpoints. However, it is also possible to filter by one specific endpoint or multiple specific endpoints. Click the bar above the graph to see the available endpoints. Click the ones you want to be displayed in the graph.
Logs
Below the graph, you can view logs that detail all of your app's API requests. Information in the log includes the time, username, endpoint, method, response status, latency, and more. You can filter and sort information using the filter icons.
For example, you can filter by endpoint, API, or response status. This can be useful if you are trying to troubleshoot a specific API or endpoint.
Export Logs
You can export your logs to a CSV file in a few steps.
1: Navigate to the Provider Dashboard and select the Analytics tab for the desired application.
2: Select the timeframe for the logs from the drop-down
3: Click the "Export CSV" button
4: You will receive an email with a link to the download when the export is complete. You can also view the export when it is available by clicking the "View all exports" link next to the "Export CSV" button.


Call _PHONE_ or 1-866-LIFEBIO
Wellness Trend -- Reminiscence
I'm at the ICAA Conference in San Diego today (speaking in about 2 hours). I'm going to talk about how wellness impacts ALL dimensions of wellness. With wellness directors especially looking for ways to address emotional and spiritual wellness in wellness programming, it is key to know that capturing life stories and bringing people together in GROUPS to share memories and experiences is a very powerful idea.
Reminiscence: An innovative wellness and health care approach
Reminiscence has been found to lower depression, improve attitudes of people toward caregivers, and increase self esteem. That's why health care companies and hospitals are taking notice of LifeBio's innovative reminiscence programming for individuals and communities. This is cognitive fitness at its finest without all the expense of other brain fitness programs.
4 reasons to incorporate autobiography in your brain fitness program for retirement communities
Brain fitness is a key focus for senior living communities, but providing cognitive challenges is much more than crossword puzzles and trivia. It doesn't have to just be using a computer program. Today, brain fitness programs should incorporate autobiography programming for these 4 reasons.


Absolute rotary angular measurement by using multi electrode circular position sensitive detector
Hajime Nakajima*, Kazuhiko Sumi, Hiroshi Inujima
*この研究の対応する著者
研究成果: Article査読
抄録
A new type or circular semiconductor position sensitive detector (PSD) called multi electrode circular PSD (MbCPSD), which consists of a photosensitive region, a résister line, and 16 electrodes, is presented. The photosensitive region is in the shape of a ring, which is formed by the radial arrangement of long and narrow photodiodes. The outer ends of the photodiodes are connected to the continuous resistor line. Photoexcited carriers generated in the photodiode flow to the resistor line and are extracted by the multi electrode, which divides the resistor into 16 equal parts. The angular position of the light spot is calculated from the output current of the selected electrodes. Compared to conventional circular PSDs, the reliability of angular measurement is better, this is because the ME-CPSD does not have an undetectable region caused by unavoidable discontinuities in the structure of conventional circular PSDs. This device can not only measure the absolute angular position but also carry out a more precise angular measurement by selecting narrower electrode intervals. This device has the capability of realizing a high-precision noncontact angular measurement system with a simple construction.
本文言語English
ページ（範囲）989-994
ページ数6
ジャーナルieej transactions on industry applications
129
10
DOI
出版ステータスPublished - 2009
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - 産業および生産工学
 - 電子工学および電気工学
フィンガープリント
「Absolute rotary angular measurement by using multi electrode circular position sensitive detector」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
引用スタイル


text:
FRITZ A. LIPMAN, BIOCHEMIST, DIES
Dr. Fritz Albert Lipmann, a biochemist whose research provided the basis for understanding how cells convert food into energy, died yesterday at St. Francis Hospital in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., after a short illness. He was 87 years old and lived in Rhinebeck, N.Y. In 1953, Dr. Lipmann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir Hans Adolph Krebs, a British biochemist, for the discovery of coenzyme A, one of the most important substances in the body's metabolism. The substance aids in converting fatty acids, steroids, amino acids and hemoglobins into energy.
Correction: August 16, 1986, Saturday, Late City Final Edition


Theoretical understanding of adversarial reinforcement learning via mean-field optimal controlDownload PDF
Anonymous
Sep 29, 2021 (edited Oct 05, 2021)ICLR 2022 Conference Blind SubmissionReaders: Everyone
 - Keywords: adversarial reinforcement learning, mean-field optimal control, generalization
 - Abstract: Adversarial reinforcement learning has been shown promising in solving games in adversarial environments, while the theoretical understanding is still premature. This paper theoretically analyses the convergence and generalization of adversarial reinforcement learning under the mean-field optimal control framework. A new mean-field Pontryagin's maximum principle is proposed for reinforcement learning with implicit terminal constraints. Applying Hamilton-Jacobi-Issacs equation and mean-field two-sided extremism principle (TSEP), adversarial reinforcement learning is modeled as a mean-field quantitative differential game between two constrained dynamical systems. These results provide the necessary conditions for the convergence of the global solution to the mean-field TSEP. The global solution is also unique when the terminal time is sufficiently small. Moreover, two generalization bounds are delivered via Hoeffding's inequality and algorithmic stability. Both bounds do not explicitly depend on the dimensions, norms, or other capacity measures of the parameter, which are usually prohibitively large in deep learning. The bounds help characterize how the algorithm randomness facilitates the generalization of adversarial reinforcement learning. Moreover, the techniques may be helpful in modeling other adversarial learning algorithms.
 - One-sentence Summary: This paper theoretically analyses the convergence and generalization of adversarial reinforcement learning under the mean-field optimal control framework.
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text:
In the middle of industrial Grangemouth, Jupiter is a fantastic example of how wasteland can be transformed into an urban green space that provides a rich habitat and haven for wildlife. The centre is open all year and there are lots of ideas for improving gardens for wildlife.
Address: Jupiter Urban Wildlife Centre, Grangemouth FK3 8LH
Changes to visiting
We have put a few temporary changes in place to keep our staff and visitors safe:
- Visits will be limited to walks and self-led activities, including pond dipping, for the time being. We are exploring how we can restart our ranger-led events as soon as it is safe to do so.
- To allow our visitors and staff to physically distance while visiting, we may temporarily pause entry to the reserve if our visitor numbers have reached capacity. If this is the case, we will place signage at the entrance gate.
- To allow for physical distancing on our pond boardwalk we will be limiting the number of groups/families which can pond dip at one time.
- Entry to the building will be limited to essential access to our public bathroom. If possible, please "Go before you go"!
We have achieved Good to Go certification and have also implemented some new features, including:
- Increased hygiene measures, including hand sanitiser dispensers and an outdoor sink for hand washing
- Increased cleaning
- Regular wiping down of common touch surfaces
- Increased signage
- New risk assessments
- Visit an urban wildlife oasis
- Introduce children to wildlife
- A wasteland returned to nature
- Plenty of variety in a small area
- Pond dipping
Best time to visit?
- Mar to May for woodland birds
- May to Aug for wildflowers
- Aug for dragonflies & damselflies
- Sept to Oct for fungi
Our events are currently on hold due to Covid-19. Please check back soon for more information.


Google Cloud Platform
BigQuery
Managing Jobs, Datasets, and Projects
This document describes how to manage jobs, datasets, and projects.
Contents
Jobs
Jobs are used to start all potentially long-running actions, for instance: queries, table import, and export requests. Shorter actions, such as list or get requests, are not managed by a job resource.
To perform a job-managed action, you will create a job of the appropriate type, then periodically request the job resource and examine its status property to learn when the job is complete, and then check to see whether it finished successfully. Note that there are some wrapper functions that manage the status requests for you: for examples, you can run jobs.query which creates the job and periodically polls for DONE status for a specified period of time.
Jobs in BigQuery persist forever. This includes jobs that are running or completed, whether they have succeeded or failed. You can only list or get information about jobs that you have started, unless you are a project owner, who can perform all actions on any jobs associated with their project.
Every job is associated with a specific project that you specify; this project is billed for any usage incurred by the job. In order to run a job of any kind, you must have READ permissions on the job's project.
Here is how to run a standard job:
 1. Start the job by calling the jobs.insert method using a unique job ID generated by your client code. The server will generate a job ID for you if you omit it, but we recommend generating it on the client side to allow reliable retry of the jobs.insert call.
 2. Check job status by calling jobs.get with the job ID and check the status.state value to learn the job status. When status.state=DONE, the job has stopped running; however, a DONE status does not mean that the job completed successfully, only that it is no longer running.
 3. Check for job success. If the job has a status.errorResult property, the job has failed; this property holds information describing what went wrong in a failed job. If status.errorResult is absent, the job finished successfully, although there might have been some non-fatal errors, such as problems importing a few rows in an import request. Non-fatal errors are listed in the returned job's status.errors list.
See the asynchronous query as an example of starting and polling a job.
There is no single-call method to re-run a job; if you want to re-run a specific job:
 1. Call jobs.get to retrieve the resource for the job to re-run,
 2. Remove the id, status, and statistics field. Change the jobId field to a new value generated by your client code. Change any other fields as necessary.
 3. Call jobs.insert with the modified resource and the new job ID to start the new job.
Running or pending jobs can be cancelled by calling jobs.cancel. Cancelling a running query job may incur charges up to the full cost for the query were it allowed to run to completion.
See jobs in the reference section for more information.
Generating a job ID
As a best practice, you should generate a job ID using your client code and send that job ID when you call jobs.insert. If you call jobs.insert without specifying a job ID, BigQuery will create a job ID for you, but you will not be able to check the status of that job until the call returns. Moreover, it may be difficult to tell whether the job was successfully inserted or not. If you use your own job ID, you can check the status of the job at any time and you can retry on the same job ID to ensure that the job starts exactly one time.
The job ID is a string comprising letters (a-z, A-Z), numbers (0-9), underscores (_), or dashes (-), with a maximum length of 1,024 characters. Job IDs must be unique within any given project.
A common approach to generating a unique job ID is to use a human-readable prefix and a suffix consisting of a timestamp or a GUID. For example: "daily_import_job_1447971251". An example of a method that generates GUIDs can be found in the Python UUID module. For an example of using the Python uuid4() method with jobs.insert, see the example code in Loading data from Google Cloud Storage.
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Datasets
A dataset is a grouping mechanism that holds zero or more tables. Datasets are the lowest level unit of access control; you cannot control access at the table level. Read more about datasets in the reference section. A dataset is contained within a specific project. You can list datasets to which you have access by calling bigquery.datasets.list.
Choosing a location
You can optionally choose the geographic location for your dataset when the dataset is created. All tables within the dataset inherit the same location value. Possible options include:
 - "US": United States
 - "EU": European Union
For legal information about the location feature, see the Google Cloud Platform Service Specific Terms.
Location limitations
 - You can only set the geographic location at creation time. After a dataset has been created, the location becomes immutable and can't be changed by the patch or update methods.
 - All tables referenced in a query must be stored in the same location.
 - You can stream data into a US or EU dataset, but inserting data across these locations can increase latency and error rates.
 - When copying a table, the destination dataset must reside in the same location.
 - Google Cloud Logging is unsupported for EU datasets.
 - Google Analytics Premium customers who export their data to BigQuery must use a US-based BigQuery dataset as the destination.
Setting the location
To set the dataset location:
BigQuery web UI
When creating a dataset, select the location from the Data location dropdown.
BigQuery command-line tool
Use the --data_location=<location> flag.
BigQuery API
Set the location property.
Examples
Java
This sample uses the Google APIs Client Library for Java.
Python
This sample uses the Google APIs Client Library for Python.
C#
This sample uses the Google APIs Client Library for .NET.
PHP
This sample uses the Google APIs Client Library for PHP.
Projects
A project holds a group of datasets. Projects are created and managed in the APIs console. Jobs are billed to the project to which they are assigned. You can list projects to which you have access by calling bigquery.projects.list.
See projects in the reference section and Managing Projects in the APIs Console help for more information.
Example
Java
This sample uses the Google APIs Client Library for Java.
Python
This sample uses the Google APIs Client Library for Python.
C#
This sample uses the Google APIs Client Library for .NET.
PHP
This sample uses the Google APIs Client Library for PHP.


Next:, Up: Linking Programs With Guile [Contents][Index]
5.2.1 Guile Initialization Functions
To initialize Guile, you can use one of several functions. The first, scm_with_guile, is the most portable way to initialize Guile. It will initialize Guile when necessary and then call a function that you can specify. Multiple threads can call scm_with_guile concurrently and it can also be called more than once in a given thread. The global state of Guile will survive from one call of scm_with_guile to the next. Your function is called from within scm_with_guile since the garbage collector of Guile needs to know where the stack of each thread is.
A second function, scm_init_guile, initializes Guile for the current thread. When it returns, you can use the Guile API in the current thread. This function employs some non-portable magic to learn about stack bounds and might thus not be available on all platforms.
One common way to use Guile is to write a set of C functions which perform some useful task, make them callable from Scheme, and then link the program with Guile. This yields a Scheme interpreter just like guile, but augmented with extra functions for some specific application — a special-purpose scripting language.
In this situation, the application should probably process its command-line arguments in the same manner as the stock Guile interpreter. To make that straightforward, Guile provides the scm_boot_guile and scm_shell function.
For more about these functions, see Initialization.


text:
- From Megachad to Microchad - environmental changes during the Holocene (2000)
- The investigations carried out within the project in NE-Nigeria since 1989 have been focussing on the late Pleistocene and Holocene landscape development of the south eastern Chad basin. Areas of interest include palaeodune fields, clay plains and former beach ridge systems of Lake Chad. Transgressions and regressions of Lake Chad played an important role in the younger landscape history of NE-Nigeria and have also caused great environmental changes. The term „Megachad" is well known and describes an enormous lake with an extension comparable with the Caspian Sea of today. The term „Microchad" stands for the other recent extreme in terms of the lake dimensions varying during the times. Environmental changes in the surroundings of Lake Chad are closely connected with transgressions and regressions of the lake. These lake level changes can be climatically induced as well as non-climatically, due to human impact. Nearly all land units have more or less been influenced by the lake, spatially as well as temporally. It is important, though, to notice the scales of the changes. Some changes took place in a millennial scale, some in the scales of centuries or decades, and at least – as can be observed every year – in a seasonal scale.
- Ethnologische und geomorphologische Aspekte zum Bau von Brunnen und Getreidespeichern in Musene (Nordost-Nigeria) (1995)
- Bei den hier vorgestellten ethnologischen und geomorphologischen Aspekten von Brunnen und Getreidespeichern in der firgí-Region Musenes wird besonders die "angepaßte Technologie" der hier lebenden Menschen deutlich. Die kulturelle Entwicklung der Region hängt eng mit den besonderen naturräumlichen Bedingungen zusammen. Die Eigenbezeichnung als firgiwú (die Leute des Tons) verweist auf eine Beziehung der Bewohner zum Naturraum, in dem Ton eine besondere Rolle spielt und für den es spezielle Berufszweige gibt. Die Ressource Ton wird, gleichwohl im Bewußtsein, daß es sich hierbei um regionalspezifische Aspekte handelt, als integrierendes Moment über die ethnischen Grenzen hinweg als Teil ihrer firgiwú -Kultur verstanden. Offensichtlich hat diese eine lange Tradition. Interessant wäre, ob in anderen ähnlich ausgestatteten Naturräumen in Westafrika eine vergleichbare Anpassung bzw. Nutzung des Naturraumes zu finden ist, bzw. wie dort die Nutzungsstrategien aussehen.
- Systems of Land Use in the Firgi Plains of the Chad Basin (1993)
- Studies on land use in Africa have usually been carried out by ethnologists or human geographers and were rarely concerned with data on the physical conditions of soil. There is hardly any issue, however, where interdependencies between natural and cultural factors are as evident as in the topic of land use. For this project the approach of three ethnologists, Braukämper, Kirscht and Platte, was therefore combined with the analysis of Thiemeyer as physical geographer. The area of research is the Local Government Area of Marte in the Nigerian State of Borno. As part of the Chad Basin this region is mainly characterised by clay sediments which are commonly labelled firgi by its inhabitants. Beside this general term, however, the local peasants clearly distinguish five types of soil (Kanuri: katti), to which different physical conditions and qualities with respect to their cultivation are attributed. The question arose how far can this popular knowledge, accumulated by agricultural experiences over generations, be correlated with scientific data. That is why samples of the mentioned types of soil were collected by the members of our team and analysed in the laboratory of the Frankfurt Institute of Physical Geography. The detailed presentation of this analysis has to be preceded by the classification of the respective soil types in the terminology of the indigenous farmers.


text:
"A Donsy of Gnomes, 7 gentle gnome stories" has stories about 8 charming gnomes who teach gnome-sized lessons in generosity, selflessness, courage, resourcefulness and friendship. Here are practical ideas for you to create your own Gnome World with your children through plays, puppetry, costumes, nature tables, and more.
Gnomes bridge the worlds of nature and magic. They are elusive, reclusive, creative, patient, very small, and tend to avoid humans, particularly adults. Gnomes are all, in one way or the other, in service to the world.
"I predict that this will be one of the books that still be alive in your children's hearts long after they have grown and have children of their own." Nancy Parsons of _URL_
Sieglinde De Francesca, a Waldorf Teacher for over 30 years, is the author of "Coloring with Block Crayons", and "Teaching with the Fables". She is now a homeschool teacher and consultant, bringing holistic education, storytelling, puppetry and the arts to families in the San Francisco Bay Area.
186 pages, pencil illustration.


text:
- Who We Are
- How We Work
- Our Science
- News & Events
- Find a Scientist
- Become a Member
Archetypes depict representative patterns, i.e. similarities and differences, in socio-ecological interactions. With this generalisation, archetype analysis supports the scaling and transfer of knowledge from one place to another in a systematic way. The underlying assumption is that similarities in social-ecological conditions link to similarities in sustainability interventions.
Archetype analysis in sustainability research has been used to understand factors and processes that repeatedly determine the (un)sustainability of social-ecological systems. This includes development drivers and outcomes related to livelihood vulnerability, land use, economic development, food security, and climate adaptation, among others. Archetypes are useful to understand functional similarities and differences in a broader perspective and inform decisions that need to be made across diverse spatial scales, linking local realities with global change processes.
This working group will advance two pillars of GLP's Science Plan 2016-2021. First, this working group will provide a platform to advance methodologies for analyzing and synthesizing recurrent patterns from contextualized case studies by using the archetype approach. Second, it will advance analysis on land governance including by building bridges to the research community of institutional analysis of the commons.
The specific objectives of this Working Group are:
to consolidate the archetype approach by taking stock of applications, methods, roots, opportunities and current limitations;
to push current methodological frontiers by encouraging methodological debate and cutting-edge applications;
to advance understanding of key sustainability challenges and opportunities by presenting new applications of archetype analysis;
to provide a platform to bridge land system science and institutional analysis/commons research communities to advance case study synthesis methods and analysis of land governance, and
to provide a platform for a next generation of archetype analysis.
Archetype analysis is a powerful approach to reveal recurrent patterns of factors and processes that shape the sustainability of social-ecological systems. Knowledge of archetypical patterns across cases has supported a better understanding of key sustainability challenges related to land use, climate change adaptation, vulnerability, large-scale land acquisition, ecological footprints, and regional development, among others. The approach featured prominently in UNEP's (2007) Global Environmental Outlook 4, and it has been applied to a growing range of topics in the past years. Archetypical patterns can be analyzed using diverse qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods (e.g. qualitative comparative analysis, cluster analysis, meta-analysis of case studies, scenario development). The choice of methods depends on the purpose and context of the research. However, best practices of archetype analysis and promising combinations of multiple methods are currently a prime frontier of innovation.
This workshop by the GLP Archetypes Working Group follow up on three successful workshops on archetypes held in Bern (2017), Berlin (2018) and Olomouc (2019). This time, the workshop will be held by the Stockholm Resilience Centre in Stockholm, Sweden, with the option of joining remotely. The workshop invites new as well as established members of the Archetypes of Sustainability network.


text:
Kneeling Statue of Nesbanebdjedet
Nesbanebdjedet was one of several Libyans contending for rule in Egypt from the end of Dynasty XXII to Dynasty XXIV. He seems to have had an exaggerated sense of his own power. The hieroglyphic text on the base uses phraseology normally applied only to kings, and the kneeling attitude is usually reserved for royal representations.
- Medium: Steatite or faience, glazed
- Reportedly From: Giza, Egypt
- Dates: ca. 755-730 B.C.E.
- Dynasty: late XXII Dynasty-early XXIV Dynasty
- Period: Third Intermediate Period-Late Period
- Dimensions: 5 3/8 x 1 7/8 x 3 1/4 in. (13.6 x 4.8 x 8.3 cm) (show scale)
- Collections:Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art
- Museum Location: This item is on view in Egypt Reborn: Art for Eternity, 19th Dynasty to Roman Period, Martha A. and Robert S. Rubin Gallery, 3rd Floor
- Accession Number: 37.344E
- Credit Line: Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund
- Rights Statement: Creative Commons-BY
- Caption: Kneeling Statue of Nesbanebdjedet, ca. 755-730 B.C.E. Steatite or faience, glazed, 5 3/8 x 1 7/8 x 3 1/4 in. (13.6 x 4.8 x 8.3 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, 37.344E. Creative Commons-BY
- Catalogue Description: Pale green glassy faience (or glazed steatite?) figure of Nes-ba-neb-djedit, "Prophet of Amun-Re," kneeling, holding two nw-pots and wearing a shendyt kilt. Back pillar and base inscribed. Head and top of back pillar missing.
- Record Completeness: Best (88%)


_PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:10:00 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 abstract = "Single Chip Heterogeneous Multiprocessors executing a
 wide variety of software are increasingly common in
 consumer electronics. Because of the mix of real-time
 and best effort software across the entire chip, a key
 design element of these systems is the choice of
 scheduling strategy. Without task migration, the
 benefits of single chip processing cannot be fully
 realized. Previously, high-level modeling environments
 have not been capable of modeling asynchronous events
 such as interrupts and preemptive scheduling while
 preserving the performance benefits of high level
 simulation. This paper shows how extensions to Modeling
 Environment for Software and Hardware (MESH) enable
 precise modeling of these asynchronous events while
 running more than 1000 faster than cycle-accurate
 simulation. We discuss how we achieved this and
 illustrate its use in modeling preemptive scheduling.
 We evaluate the potential of migrating running tasks
 between processors to improve performance in a
 multimedia cell phone example. We show that by allowing
 schedulers to rebalance processor loads as new tasks
 arrive significant performance gains can be achieved
 over statically partitioned and dynamic scheduling
 approaches. In our example, we show that system
 response time can be improved by as much as 1. 96 times
 when a preemptive migratory scheduler is used, despite
 the overhead incurred by scheduling tasks across
 multiple processors and transferring state during the
 migration of running tasks. The contribution of this
 work is to provide a framework for evaluating
 preemptive scheduling policies and task migration in a
 high level simulator, by combining the new ability to
 model interrupts with dramatically increased efficiency
 in the high-level modeling of scheduling and
 communication MESH already provides.",
 acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
 articleno = "10",
 journal-URL = "_URL_
 keywords = "Heterogeneous chip multiprocessors; MESH; scenario
 oriented design",
}
@Article{Ogras:2008:AOP,
 author = "Umit Y. Ogras and Radu Marculescu",
 title = "Analysis and optimization of prediction-based flow
 control in networks-on-chip",
 journal = j-TODAES,
 volume = "13",
 number = "1",
 pages = "11:1--11:??",
 month = jan,
 year = "2008",
 CODEN = "ATASFO",
 DOI = "_URL_
 ISSN = "_PHONE_ (print), _PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:10:00 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 abstract = "Networks-on-Chip (NoC) communication architectures
 have emerged recently as a scalable solution to on-chip
 communication problems. While the NoC architectures may
 offer higher bandwidth compared to traditional
 bus-based communication, their performance can degrade
 significantly in the absence of effective flow control
 algorithms. Unfortunately, flow control algorithms
 developed for macronetworks, either rely on local
 information, or suffer from large communication
 overhead and unpredictable delays. Hence, using them in
 the NoC context is problematic at best. For this
 reason, we propose a predictive closed-loop flow
 control mechanism and make the following contributions:
 First, we develop traffic source and router models
 specifically targeted to NoCs. Then, we utilize these
 models to predict the possible congestion in the
 network. Based on this information, the proposed scheme
 controls the packet injection rate at traffic sources
 in order to regulate the total number of packets in the
 network. We also illustrate the proposed traffic source
 model and the applicability of the proposed flow
 controller to actual designs using real NoC
 implementations. Finally, simulations and experimental
 study using our FPGA prototype show that the proposed
 controller delivers a better performance compared to
 the traditional switch-to-switch flow control
 algorithms under various real and synthetic traffic
 patterns.",
 acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
 articleno = "11",
 journal-URL = "_URL_
 keywords = "congestion control; flow control; Multi-processor
 systems; networks-on-chip",
}
@Article{Chang:2008:TCS,
 author = "Kuei-Chung Chang and Jih-Sheng Shen and Tien-Fu Chen",
 title = "Tailoring circuit-switched network-on-chip to
 application-specific system-on-chip by two optimization
 schemes",
 journal = j-TODAES,
 volume = "13",
 number = "1",
 pages = "12:1--12:??",
 month = jan,
 year = "2008",
 CODEN = "ATASFO",
 DOI = "_URL_
 ISSN = "_PHONE_ (print), _PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:10:00 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 abstract = "As the number of cores on a chip increases, power
 consumed by the communication structures takes a
 significant portion of the overall power budget. In
 this article, we first propose a circuit-switched
 interconnection architecture which uses crossroad
 switches to construct dedicated channels dynamically
 between any pairs of cores for nonhuge
 application-specific SoCs. The structure of the
 crossroad switch is simple, which can be regarded as a
 NoC-lite router, and we can easily construct a
 low-power on-chip network with these switches by a
 system-level design methodology. We also present the
 design methodology to tailor the proposed
 interconnection architecture to low-power structures by
 two proposed optimization schemes with profiled
 communication characteristics. The first scheme is
 power-aware topology construction, which can build
 low-power application-specific interconnection
 topologies. To further reduce the power consumption, we
 propose the second optimization scheme to predetermine
 the operating mode of dual-mode switches in the NoC at
 runtime. We evaluate several interconnection
 techniques, and the results show that the proposed
 architecture is more low-power and high-performance
 than others under some constraints and scale
 boundaries. We take multimedia applications as case
 studies, and experimental results show the power
 savings of power-aware topology approximate to 49\% of
 the interconnection architecture. The power consumption
 can be further reduced approximately 25\% by applying
 partially dedicated path mechanism.",
 acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
 articleno = "12",
 journal-URL = "_URL_
 keywords = "Application specific; interconnection; low power;
 networks on chip; systems on chips",
}
@Article{Abbasian:2008:WBD,
 author = "A. Abbasian and S. Hatami and A. Afzali-Kusha and M.
 Pedram",
 title = "Wavelet-based dynamic power management for
 nonstationary service requests",
 journal = j-TODAES,
 volume = "13",
 number = "1",
 pages = "13:1--13:??",
 month = jan,
 year = "2008",
 CODEN = "ATASFO",
 DOI = "_URL_
 ISSN = "_PHONE_ (print), _PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:10:00 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 abstract = "In this article, a wavelet-based dynamic power
 management policy (WBDPM) is proposed. In this
 approach, the workload source (service requester) is
 modeled by a nonstationary time series which, in turn,
 represented by a nondecimated Haar wavelet as its
 basis. The proposed approach is robust and has the
 ability to minimize energy dissipation under different
 performance constraints. To assess the accuracy of the
 model, the algorithm was implemented for data extracted
 from the hard disks of computers. Prediction results of
 this approach for the case of a nonstationary service
 requester exhibit accuracies of more than 95\%.",
 acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
 articleno = "13",
 journal-URL = "_URL_
 keywords = "Dynamic power management; low-power system design;
 nonstationary service request; wavelet-based
 prediction",
}
@Article{Su:2008:SNT,
 author = "Yu-Shih Su and Po-Hsien Chang and Shih-Chieh Chang and
 Tingting Hwang",
 title = "Synthesis of a novel timing-error detection
 architecture",
 journal = j-TODAES,
 volume = "13",
 number = "1",
 pages = "14:1--14:??",
 month = jan,
 year = "2008",
 CODEN = "ATASFO",
 DOI = "_URL_
 ISSN = "_PHONE_ (print), _PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:10:00 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 abstract = "Delay variation can cause a design to fail its timing
 specification. Ernst et al. [2003] observe that the
 worst delay of a design is least probable to occur.
 They propose a mechanism to detect and correct
 occasional errors while the design can be optimized for
 the common cases. Their experimental results show
 significant performance (or power) gain as compared
 with the worst


The Best Easter Traditions Come from Germany
The Best Easter Traditions Come from Germany
Luisa Weiss
Mar 25, 2016
Easter eggs
(Image credit: Luisa Weiss)
The culmination of the Lenten period that begins much earlier in the year, on Ash Wednesday (February 10 this year), Easter is a joyous holiday with candy, culinary delights, and animal folklore. And while each country has its own unique customs, Germany's Easter traditions deserve particular recognition. It was, after all, in western Germany that the Easter bunny, or rather Osterhase, was born.
It's unclear exactly how the Easter bunny came to be — potentially the origin story lies in the fertility festival of the pagan goddess Eostre, whose spirit animal was a rabbit. But it is widely speculated that German immigrants brought the floppy-eared, egg-bearing bunny to the states in the 17th century. And Germans are also responsible for the first edible Easter bunnies, which hopped onto the scene sometime in the 18th century.
Here are six other wonderful Easter traditions from Germany.
1. Parades
The festivities really begin at the start of Lent. Fasching or Karneval are just two of the regional names for the week of pre-Lenten revelry, most famously celebrated in the Rhineland and in German-speaking Switzerland. In cities like Cologne, an enormous parade takes over, and city officials, dressed in costume, toss out candy to the multitudinous crowds.
2. Doughnuts
In Germany, Karneval time is also doughnut time. Jam-filled doughnuts called Berliner, Krapfen, or Pfannkuchen, depending on which part of Germany you're in, are a tradition with a centuries-old pedigree. "Fat Tuesday," after all, was a day of animal slaughter before the Lenten fast prohibited it. The lard gathered that day was used to cook doughnuts and other fried dough specialties.
3. Bonfires
As Easter nears and Lent comes to an end, another German tradition is to light a great bonfire on Easter Sunday. Traditionally, the bonfire was supposed to be a symbol of ushering out the cold and darkness with the resurrection of Christ and the advent of springtime. Depending on the region, various parts of Germany celebrate this tradition in different ways. In some, a simple bonfire is lit, in others, great wheels of wood are set on fire and rolled down a gentle slope.
(Image credit: Luisa Weiss)
4. Easter "Trees"
My favorite German Easter tradition may well be the Osterstrauss, a bouquet of budding fruit tree boughs clustered together in a big vase and hung with delicately painted Easter eggs painstakingly collected (or made) over the years. Sometimes the eggs are interspersed with little handcrafted wooden ornaments in the shapes of bunnies or smaller birds' eggs. And depending on how far along the boughs were in their development before being cut, sometimes little blossoms will pop out over the course of the run-up to Easter, providing a lovely natural backdrop to the eggs and ornaments.
Along the same lines, an Osterkranz, or Easter wreath, can be also hung with hand-painted eggs. It replaces the Weihnachtskranz, or Christmas wreath, of pine boughs that is hung from the ceiling (or placed on a table) and decorated with four candles representing the four weeks of Advent.
5. Green Cakes
Almost every region of Germany has its own celebratory dishes for the holiday. In Hesse, in central Germany, a savory leek yeasted cake called Grüner Kuchen ("green cake") is traditionally baked on Maundy Thursday, the Thursday before Easter. Cubes of fatback, known as Grüner Speck (or "green bacon"), are scattered across the top of the cake.
Maundy Thursday is also called Gründonnerstag, which means "green Thursday," and while it's not entirely clear where the term comes from, one explanation is that it is related to the pre-Christian tradition of eating new green herbs and leaves at the beginning of spring as a way of fortifying the body and soul after the long, cold winter months. Making the savory cake in spring, when the wind can still have quite a nip to it, actually makes a lot of sense: Grüner Kuchen is rib-sticking and richly flavored.
(Image credit: Luisa Weiss)
6. Gorgeous Breads
A nationwide tradition is serving a braided, enriched sweet bread for breakfast on Easter weekend. A yeasted dough is enriched with plenty of butter, milk, and eggs, and studded with raisins or bits of candied peel. The dough is divided into three strands and braided together — the three strands symbolizing the Holy Trinity.
Depending on the region, the dough can vary. Sometimes a mashed potato is kneaded into the dough to provide more moisture, other times, the dough strands are filled with sweet nut paste or poppy seed filling.
Get a Recipe: Easter Bread with Raisins and Sugar Cubes
If there are small children at the table, the dough can be plucked into smaller pieces and rolled into small ovals. Then, with a pair of scissors, the dough can be snipped to create little hedgehogs, bunny rabbits, or mice. An egg wash gives each roll a gorgeous shiny, dark-brown finish in the oven.
Talented bakers create all kinds of braided wonders with yeasted dough, and my friend Joanie, a sculptor, even makes stunning animals on Easter morning, like this rooster. To gild the lily, she makes dozens of tiny balls out of almond paste and tucks them here and there throughout the dough for a little edible surprise.
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