===============================================================
# (To distribute this file outside of CMake, substitute the full
# License text for the above reference.)
Test the documentation formatting by running cmake --help-module <module-name>, and also by enabling the SPHINX_HTML and SPHINX_MAN options to build the documentation. Edit the comments until generated documentation looks satisfactory. To have a .cmake file in this directory NOT show up in the modules documentation, simply leave out the Help/module/<module-name>.rst file and the Help/manual/cmake-modules.7.rst toctree entry.
Find Modules
A "find module" is a Modules/Find<package>.cmake file to be loaded by the find_package() command when invoked for <package>.
The primary task of a find module is to determine whether a package exists on the system, set the <package>_FOUND variable to reflect this and provide any variables, macros and imported targets required to use the package. A find module is useful in cases where an upstream library does not provide a config file package.
The traditional approach is to use variables for everything, including libraries and executables: see the Standard Variable Names section below. This is what most of the existing find modules provided by CMake do.
The more modern approach is to behave as much like config file packages files as possible, by providing imported target. This has the advantage of propagating Transitive Usage Requirements to consumers.
In either case (or even when providing both variables and imported targets), find modules should provide backwards compatibility with old versions that had the same name.
A FindFoo.cmake module will typically be loaded by the command:
find_package(Foo [major[.minor[.patch[.tweak]]]]
 [EXACT] [QUIET] [REQUIRED]
 [[COMPONENTS] [components...]]
 [OPTIONAL_COMPONENTS components...]
 [NO_POLICY_SCOPE])
See the find_package() documentation for details on what variables are set for the find module. Most of these are dealt with by using FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.
Briefly, the module should only locate versions of the package compatible with the requested version, as described by the Foo_FIND_VERSION family of variables. If Foo_FIND_QUIETLY is set to true, it should avoid printing messages, including anything complaining about the package not being found. If Foo_FIND_REQUIRED is set to true, the module should issue a FATAL_ERROR if the package cannot be found. If neither are set to true, it should print a non-fatal message if it cannot find the package.
Packages that find multiple semi-independent parts (like bundles of libraries) should search for the components listed in Foo_FIND_COMPONENTS if it is set , and only set Foo_FOUND to true if for each searched-for component <c> that was not found, Foo_FIND_REQUIRED_<c> is not set to true. The HANDLE_COMPONENTS argument of find_package_handle_standard_args() can be used to implement this.
If Foo_FIND_COMPONENTS is not set, which modules are searched for and required is up to the find module, but should be documented.
For internal implementation, it is a generally accepted convention that variables starting with underscore are for temporary use only.
Like all modules, find modules should be properly documented. To add a module to the CMake documentation, follow the steps in the Module Documentation section above.
Standard Variable Names
For a FindXxx.cmake module that takes the approach of setting variables (either instead of or in addition to creating imported targets), the following variable names should be used to keep things consistent between find modules. Note that all variables start with Xxx_ to make sure they do not interfere with other find modules; the same consideration applies to macros, functions and imported targets.
Xxx_INCLUDE_DIRS
The final set of include directories listed in one variable for use by client code. This should not be a cache entry.
Xxx_LIBRARIES
The libraries to link against to use Xxx. These should include full paths. This should not be a cache entry.
Xxx_DEFINITIONS
Definitions to use when compiling code that uses Xxx. This really shouldn't include options such as -DHAS_JPEG that a client source-code file uses to decide whether to #include <jpeg.h>
Xxx_EXECUTABLE
Where to find the Xxx tool.
Xxx_Yyy_EXECUTABLE
Where to find the Yyy tool that comes with Xxx.
Xxx_LIBRARY_DIRS
Optionally, the final set of library directories listed in one variable for use by client code. This should not be a cache entry.
Xxx_ROOT_DIR
Where to find the base directory of Xxx.
Xxx_VERSION_Yy
Expect Version Yy if true. Make sure at most one of these is ever true.
Xxx_WRAP_Yy
If False, do not try to use the relevant CMake wrapping command.
Xxx_Yy_FOUND
If False, optional Yy part of Xxx sytem is not available.
Xxx_FOUND
Set to false, or undefined, if we haven't found, or don't want to use Xxx.
Xxx_NOT_FOUND_MESSAGE
Should be set by config-files in the case that it has set Xxx_FOUND to FALSE. The contained message will be printed by the find_package() command and by find_package_handle_standard_args() to inform the user about the problem.
Xxx_RUNTIME_LIBRARY_DIRS
Optionally, the runtime library search path for use when running an executable linked to shared libraries. The list should be used by user code to create the PATH on windows or LD_LIBRARY_PATH on UNIX. This should not be a cache entry.
Xxx_VERSION
The full version string of the package found, if any. Note that many existing modules provide Xxx_VERSION_STRING instead.
Xxx_VERSION_MAJOR
The major version of the package found, if any.
Xxx_VERSION_MINOR
The minor version of the package found, if any.
Xxx_VERSION_PATCH
The patch version of the package found, if any.
The following names should not usually be used in CMakeLists.txt files, but are typically cache variables for users to edit and control the behaviour of find modules (like entering the path to a library manually)
Xxx_LIBRARY
The path of the Xxx library (as used with find_library(), for example).
Xxx_Yy_LIBRARY
The path of the Yy library that is part of the Xxx system. It may or may not be required to use Xxx.
Xxx_INCLUDE_DIR
Where to find headers for using the Xxx library.
Xxx_Yy_INCLUDE_DIR
Where to find headers for using the Yy library of the Xxx system.
To prevent users being overwhelmed with settings to configure, try to keep as many options as possible out of the cache, leaving at least one option which can be used to disable use of the module, or locate a not-found library (e.g. Xxx_ROOT_DIR). For the same reason, mark most cache options as advanced. For packages which provide both debug and release binaries, it is common to create cache variables with a _LIBRARY_<CONFIG> suffix, such as Foo_LIBRARY_RELEASE and Foo_LIBRARY_DEBUG.
While these are the standard variable names, you should provide backwards compatibility for any old names that were actually in use. Make sure you comment them as deprecated, so that no-one starts using them.
A Sample Find Module
We will describe how to create a simple find module for a library Foo.
The first thing that is needed is documentation. CMake's documentation system requires you to start the file with a documentation marker and the name of the module. You should follow this with a simple statement of what the module does.
#.rst:
# FindFoo
# -------
#
# Finds the Foo library
#
More description may be required for some packages. If there are caveats or other details users of the module should be aware of, you can add further paragraphs below this. Then you need to document what variables and imported targets are set by the module, such as
# This will define the following variables::
#
# Foo_FOUND - True if the system has the Foo library
# Foo_VERSION - The version of the Foo library which was found
#
# and the following imported targets::
#
# Foo::Foo - The Foo library
If the package provides any macros, they should be listed here, but can be documented where they are defined. See the Module Documentation section above for more details.
After the documentation, leave a blank line, and then add a copyright and licence notice block
#====================================================


text:
The atmospheric measurement station Lutjewad was set up in the year 2000 by the Centre for Isotope Research (CIO) of Groningen University to determine multi-year records of CO2 and other greenhouse gases and related tracers. The station is located on the northern coast of the Netherlands, at 6º 21' E, 53º 24' N, 1 m a.s.l. and is situated directly behind the Wadden Sea dike. On the land side (to the south) the 60 m-tower is overlooking an almost perfectly flat rural landscape. Within this agricultural area the closest small village is at two kilometers distance. On the sea side, sporadically flooded salt marshes next to the dike pass into the Waddensea with its tidal flats. It stretches about six kilometers to the north where the island Schiermonnikoog marks the transition to the North Sea. The spot on the coast was chosen in order to be able to sample maritime air with northern wind and continental air with southerly winds (figure 1). The station consists of an instrumenten tower with a laboratorium in the nearby building (figure 2)
Ambient air is taken in at 7 m, 40 m and 60 m above ground and pre-dried with a Nafion membrane dryer (Neubert et al., 2004) to prevent condensation of water vapour during transportation to the nearby laboratorium. The following meteorological measurements are made for a better characterisation of the air samples:
- Air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity at 7, 40 and 60 m height; wind direction at 60 m; atmospheric pressure at 7 m; precipitation at the ground and radiation -incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave- at 2 m height.
- At 50 m height, a 3d-sonic anemometer / infrared CO2 and H2O analyzer combination is running since the summer of 2006 to measure the exchange of CO2, latent heat and sensible heat. Given the large height, the measurements inform on exchange in an area of a few kilometers in upwind direction, so well extwending the common single field scale. With southern wind, the measurements inform on exchange from the agricultural area of northern Groningen and with northern wind on exchange from the salt marshes and Wadden Sea.
Lutjewad laboratory equipment
Remaining water vapour is dried from the air samples in a glass cold trap that can be cooled to -40°C, or heated to +40°C. Continuous operation is obtained using two drying systems which are used alternating: if one is cooling, the other is heated to remove the collected water.
After drying, the atmospheric samples are continuously analysed with a Picarro analyzer for mixing ratios of CO2, CO and CH4 and with an optimized Agilent HP6890 gas chromatograph for mixing ratios of N2O and SF6. The measurements are calibrated on reference cylinders that are supplied by NOAA.
Up to 20 flasks are automatic sampled, see photo below, for off-line analysis at the CIO laboratorium to extend the range of gases to O2 (from the O2/N2 ratio) and the stable isotopes: 13C and 18O in CO2. The flasks are flushed at prescribed intervals until at the CIO laboratorium a signal is given that the flask is to be removed from the flushing sequence for off-line analysis.
Combined measurements of CO2 and O2/N2 concentration are obtained with the Oxzala (photo below). As CO2 uptake and O2 release are complementary during photosynthesis and respiration but only CO2 can solve into water, the temporal change in the concentrations of CO2 and O2 informs on oceanic uptake of CO2.
The auto-sampler flasks are used to take hourly samples. All these flasks will be analyzed for all concentrations (CO2, CO, CH4, N2O and SF6) and stable isotopes and the radio-active gas 14CO2. Carbon dioxide samples are weekly or monthly absorbed in larger quantities (see photo below) using a column with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Three columns are used: one is filled with northern wind for marine air, the second is filled with southern winds for continental air and the third is used for all wind directions to determine the long term average.
The distinction between maritime and continental air can even better be made from the mixing ratio of the radio-active gas 222Rn that is emitted at the continent from the decay of 236U while emission from the oceans and other water bodies is negigible. Another reason to measure 222Rn is that the almost constant emission from land enables the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from the Netherlands using simultaneous changes in 222Rn and the greenhouse gas of concern (Van der Laan et al., 2009b). The method was also used for the major greenhouse gas CO2, but then the anthropogenic CO2 was first separated from natural emissions and absorptions of CO2 (mainly by vegetation) using mixing ratios of CO and 14CO2 (Van der Laan, 2010). 222Rn is detected using a two-filter dual-loop system with a flow of 80 l/min in a 1500 l delay chamber where 222Rn decay products are sampled on a filter and decay of the 222Rn daughters is detected by a photo-multiplier.
Neubert, R.E.M., L.L. Spijkervet, J.K. Schut, H.A. Been and H.A.J. Meijer, 2004: A Computer-Controlled Continuous Air Drying and Flask sampling station. J. Atmos. Ocean. Techn. 21, 651-659.
Van der Laan, S., R.E.M. Neubert, and H.A.J. Meijer, 2009a: A single gas chromatograph for atmospheric mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6 and CO. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2, 549-559.
Van der Laan, S., R.E.M. Neubert, and H.A.J. Meijer, 2009b: Methane and nitrous oxide emissions in the Netherlands: ambient measurements support the national inventories. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9369-9379.
Van der Laan, S., U. Karstens, R.E.M. Neubert. I.T., Van der Laan-Luijkx and H.A.J Meijer. 2010: Observation-based estimates of fossil fuel-derived CO2 emissions in the Netherlands using 14C, CO and 222Rn, Tellus, 62B, 389-402.
|Last modified:||24 February 2020 4.15 p.m.|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Child sponsorship funds are used to run long-term development projects called Area Development Programs (ADPs). As a model of community development, ADPs link villages that work together in regional clusters to help address the root causes of poverty.
ADPs are child-focused, sustainable development programs for between 15,000 to 100,000 people, divided into smaller community clusters. Generally, World Vision works with communities through ADPs for 10 to 15 years.
Facilitators, who are usually from the region, are trained to build relationships, help the community to identify needs and possible solutions, provide training to local leaders and encourage networking among civil society and government groups.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Purpose : To determine incidence, risk factors for, and outcomes of dropped nucleus (DN) during cataract surgery. Methods : This is a matched case-control study at the Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai, India. Out of 184 consecutive DN cases, 171 were included. The case immediately preceding the DN case by the same surgeon served as matched concurrent control. The proportion of cataract surgeries with DN was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Conditional logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios for potential risk factors. Results : Among 415,487 consecutive cataract surgeries, incidence risk of DN was 0.044% [95% CI 0.038%, 0.051%], or 0.44 per 1,000 surgeries in 52 months. Significant preoperative risk factors were posterior polar cataract (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 21.73, p =.003); suspected loose zonules (aOR 8.85, p <.001); older age (aOR 1.57, p =.001); and presence of diabetes mellitus (aOR 1.79, p =.03). Associated intraoperative complications included zonular dialysis (OR 34.49, p <.001), vitreous disturbance (OR 193.36, p <.001), and posterior capsule rent (OR 384.39, p <.001). Phacoemulsification and manual small incision cataract surgery did not significantly differ in DN incidence. DN most commonly occurred during nucleus removal (35.1%) or during/immediately following hydrodissection (24.0%). Visual outcomes of DN were worse than controls on average, but 51.9% achieved visual acuity 20/40 or better at 1 month. Conclusions : DN occurred rarely, with low absolute risk even when a strong risk factor was present. Nearly all cases followed posterior capsular rent or zonular dialysis, usually with observed vitreous loss. In spite of increased risk of postoperative complications in the DN group, the majority achieved favorable results.


- If present, which is the case for newer kernels, then the syscall will not
be performed and the transaction will be doomed by the kernel with the
failure code TM_CAUSE_SYSCALL | TM_CAUSE_PERSISTENT in the TEXASR SPR.
- If not present (older kernels), then the kernel will suspend the
transactional state and the syscall will proceed as in the case of a
suspended state syscall, and will resume the transactional state before
returning to the caller. This case is not well defined or supported, so this
behavior should not be relied upon.
scv 0 syscalls will always behave as PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NOSC.
ptrace
------
When ptracing system calls (PTRACE_SYSCALL), the pt_regs.trap value contains
the system call type that can be used to distinguish between sc and scv 0
system calls, and the different register conventions can be accounted for.
If the value of (pt_regs.trap & 0xfff0) is 0xc00 then the system call was
performed with the sc instruction, if it is 0x3000 then the system call was
performed with the scv 0 instruction.
vsyscall
========
vsyscall calling sequence matches the syscall calling sequence, with the
following differences. Some vsyscalls may have different calling sequences.
Parameters and return value
---------------------------
r0 is not used as an input. The vsyscall is selected by its address.
Stack
-----
The vsyscall may or may not use the caller's stack frame save areas.
Register preservation rules
---------------------------
=========== ========
r0 Volatile
cr1, cr5-7 Volatile
lr Volatile
=========== ========
Invocation
----------
The vsyscall is performed with a branch-with-link instruction to the vsyscall
function address.
Transactional Memory
--------------------
vsyscalls will run in the same transactional state as the caller. A vsyscall
may or may not result in the transaction being doomed by hardware.


text:
Date of this Version
An experiment evaluated the effects of six corn processing methods in feedlot diets containing 30% (DM basis) wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS). Treatments consisted of whole corn, dry-rolled corn, a dry-rolled/ high-moisture corn mix, high-moisture corn, steam flaked corn, and fine ground corn. The ADG was highest for steers receiving dry-rolled corn, high-moisture corn, or a 50:50 blend of dry-rolled and high-moisture corn. Feed conversion was best for steers receiving high-moisture corn. Interestingly, cattle fed finely ground corn or steam-flaked corn did not gain or convert as well as expected. Results indicate that there is a performance advantage obtained by processing corn as either dry-rolled or high-moisture when included with WDGS in finishing diets.


text:
COPING WITH LIFE: Teach them to seek comfort in spirituality
IN any programme of suicide prevention, education is essential. Equipping youths with coping skills, including critical thinking and a sense of humour to laugh at oneself and life's problems will improve their coping abilities. But this approach alone is insufficient. Even the eight strategies of the Suicide Prevention Action Plan announced by the health minister (NST, June 5) do not go far enough.
Our thinking affects our emotions and behaviour. Suicide prevention programmes, to be more effective, must bring about transformation in the attitudes and perspectives of our youths towards life. For instance, it is crucial that youths are taught to acknowledge that life is complex and often unfair, and that everyone will inevitably go through extreme experiences of disappointment and sorrow at one time or another.
With the right attitude and perspective, these experiences are not so insurmountable that suicide is considered the best and only way out but are opportunities for self-examination and growth.
A person with suicidal thoughts is at the boundary between life and death, between hope and despair. This involves issues of a spiritual nature. Inculcating core spiritual values can give them the right perspectives of these boundaries.
First, youths must be taught that in times of trouble, they can call upon a spiritual resource for comfort and help.
Second, youths must be taught to accept a worldview that there is a higher intelligence, purpose or order that gives meaning and reality to the events and relationships in their lives.
So, if we believe that there is a divinely ordained sovereignty over all of us, then, when we go through extremely bad experiences, our response can be one of acceptance and how we may emerge a better person out of adverse experiences.
Third, youths inculcated with core spiritual values will have a community in which their transcendent reality and worldview are validated. These youths will not be alone and support through difficult times will be readily available.
These core spiritual beliefs cut across all religions. Once embraced, they give everybody the inner strength to ride through the worst crises in life. Only then are we attending to suicide prevention at the root of human behaviour, one that is not just inherently psychological but spiritual as well.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A recent report published by ABI Research found a severe disconnect between the 5G market hype and the commercial industry's readiness to deploy the technology. ABI Research conducted a survey of 455 U.S. based companies to determine if and how they plan to use/deploy 5G. Nearly all respondents who plan to one day incorporate 5G technology into their business models cited that they are in the early investigation phase. Over 62% of respondents do not plan to deploy 5G technology in the coming years.According to the report, the hype of 5G is currently driven by the technology supply chain rather than by demand from the end-markets. All indicators lead them to believe that 5G will take hold in the consumer market before it claims its stake in the enterprise and industrial sectors. As the 5G roadmap develops, it is now more important for technology suppliers to engage with implementers – understand their requirements, educate them on the value of 5G, and help bring their specific use case needs to life.The survey findings indicate that the retail vertical shows the most aggressive outlook in its willingness to adopt 5G technology. With 51% of retail respondents assessing or planning to deploy 5G in the coming years, this suggests that this vertical has a specific need for 5G to support bandwidth-hungry and low latency use cases, including AR, VR, and robotic applications. At the other end of the spectrum, autonomous driving ranks as the least popular 5G use case across all verticals.Virtual reality (VR) ranks as the most popular use case for 5G across all market segments, with 89% of respondents who plan to deploy 5G in the coming years also planning to deploy VR. Robotics also ranks high in use case popularity but remains largely ignored by 5G vendors due to technology complexities and several regulatory and socioeconomic challenges facing this industry.5G technology suppliers are currently working in a vacuum, often denigrating the rights of technology implementers to influence the 5G development roadmap. The retail, healthcare, and federal government verticals show the highest willingness to deploy 5G technology in the coming years and, as such, need careful attention by 5G technology suppliers to ensure that their individual, varied use case needs will be properly addressed.These findings are from ABI Research's Industry Survey: Transformative Technology Adoption and Attitudes – 5G report.
Survey Shows Most Companies are Not Ready to Deploy 5G Technologies
Last Updated on: September 24th, 2020 at 8:58 am, by


text:
(covers information from several alternate timelines)
A subspace bubble is an encompassing energy field which can be used to protect objects or people from various environmental effects.
In 2371, an exploding microscopic singularity passing through the Sol system created a subspace bubble around the USS Defiant, isolating it from changes in the timeline inadvertently effected by three crewmembers who had traveled back in time to the year 2024. This allowed the Defiant crew to observe an alternate timeline in which Starfleet apparently did not exist and Alpha Centauri was under the control of the Romulan Star Empire. The timeline was later restored when the crew was able to ensure that events in the past unfolded as they did in the original timeline. (DS9: "Past Tense, Part I", "Past Tense, Part II")
A subspace bubble can be formed around a person. This variation was used by Seska on a Kazon raider to bypass a force field, in order to retrieve a Federation replicator that she had traded in turn for a Kazon-Federation alliance. (VOY: "State of Flux")


text:
By Amy Norton
TUESDAY, Feb. 26 (HealthDay News) -- For children with autism, trained dogs may offer not only a furry friend, but some therapeutic benefits, too, a new research review finds.
There is a "substantial body of evidence" that dogs act as "social catalysts," even encouraging adults to be a little friendlier to each other, said senior researcher Francesca Cirulli, of the National Institute of Health in Rome, Italy. And the few studies that have focused on kids with autism suggest the same is true for them.
People have long turned to animals as a way to help with health conditions or disabilities -- either as part of formal therapy or to offer everyday assistance (such as guide dogs for the blind).
In some cases, "therapy" or "service" dogs are called into action to help children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) -- a group of developmental brain disorders that hinder a child's ability to communicate and interact socially. ASDs range from the severe cases of "classic" autism to the relatively mild form called Asperger's syndrome.
In the United States, it's estimated that about one in 88 children has some form of autism.
Yet there has been little research into whether trained dogs actually benefit those kids. The good news is, the existing evidence is promising, according to the new review, published in the February issue of the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.
However, "it is early to draw final conclusions," said Cirulli.
Specifically, Cirulli's team found six published studies of dogs' effects on children with an autism spectrum disorder. Four of them looked at therapy dogs -- dogs that therapists use during formal sessions to help children settle in, get engaged and be more open to communicating.
Overall, the studies were positive, Cirulli and her colleagues found.
In one study of 22 children, for example, kids were more talkative and socially engaged during therapy sessions where a dog was present. In another study, of 12 boys, the children were less aggressive and smiled more when their therapy session included a canine companion.
Two studies focused on service dogs -- trained dogs that live with the family. The animals serve mainly to keep kids with autism safe; when the family goes out, the child will be literally tethered to the dog to keep from running off or getting hurt.
"That can be a huge relief for families," said Dr. Melissa Nishawala, medical director of the Autism Spectrum Disorders Clinical and Research Program at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City.
Parents' anxiety over their child's safety can lead to social isolation in some cases, noted Nishawala, who was not involved in the study. "Your world can get very small," she said, "because you limit where you go."
So a service dog can make a big difference to the whole family, Nishawala said.
Cirulli's team found that service dogs might also benefit children's behavior. In the two studies they reviewed, parents generally said their children were better behaved and more attentive after the family got a service dog.
There are still plenty of questions, though -- about both therapy dogs and service dogs.
For one, children with an autism spectrum disorder vary widely in the types of issues they have and their severity. No one is sure which kids might benefit most from time with a trained pooch, Nishawala noted.
She said more studies are needed -- not only larger ones, but also ones with better "definitions." That means making sure the children involved have been formally diagnosed with a form of autism, defining what the "therapy" is, and being clear about what outcomes the study is assessing.
There is a lot of anecdotal evidence that a dog could help bring a child with autism out of his shell, said Nishawala, but scientific evidence is just coming in.
Cirulli agreed that better defined studies are key.
It's possible, Cirulli noted, that a dog could have negative effects on some kids with an autism spectrum disorder. An animal might, for instance, increase "hyper" behavior.
For parents wondering whether adopting a dog is a good idea, the answer seems to be, "It depends."


text:
Israeli researchers discover evidence of feast dating back 12,000 years
Burial site of female shaman found close to Sakhnin includes funeral fetish objects.
An archaeological site near Sakhnin has turned up evidence of a ritual meal going back some 12,000 years, far earlier than researchers had previously thought such events took place.
Over the years archaeologists have found considerable evidence of large-scale funeral feasts from the Neolithic (New Stone Age ) era onward. That period was characterized by the rise of agriculture, which spurred mankind's transition from a nomadic to a sedentary way of life. That revolutionary change, roughly 9,500 years before the common era, was attended by the development of collective rites and rituals, which helped ease the transition from a foraging existence to a farming one.
The burial pit uncovered this year in a cave in the Lower Galilee suggests such collective rites were being practiced as early as the Upper Paleolithic (Late Stone Age ), more than 12,000 years ago.
A Hebrew University team led by Dr. Leore Grosman has discovered remnants of a funeral feast held by members of the Netufian people, a prehistoric culture that lived across the Levant region. The feast appears to have marked the burial of a female shaman, and in addition to her body, the site contains 50 complete tortoise shells and body parts of a wild boar, eagle, cow, leopard, two martens and a complete human foot.
The grave was excavated at Hilazon Cave, near the Sakhnin, in the Lower Galilee. The dig started in 1995, and since then archaeologists have discovered three large pits containing the remains of 26 people.
In an article published yesterday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, Grosman and colleagues Dr. Natalie D. Munro, of the University of Connecticut, and Prof. Anna Belfer-Cohen, who like Grosman is at the Hebrew University's Institute of Archaeology, describe the grave as "providing a rare opportunity to investigate the ideological shifts that must have accompanied these socioeconomic changes."
The researchers said the grave contained at least 300 kilograms of meat, enough to feed a number of large families. The tortoises alone, they said, could have fed at least 35 people.
The researchers said the funeral feast represented part of the new cultural apparatuses that developed to help ease the transition into new ways of life. "This period saw the establishment of relations between individuals and large societies, and the passage into family units," Grosman said yesterday. "Rituals like the funeral feast were held to that end," she said.
"The Natufians are the first culture that employed cemeteries. Essentially these are testimony to the sedentary life and complex cultural rites that had not been seen beforehand," Grosman said. "Members of the Natufian culture have one leg in the Neolithic and another in the Palaeolithic. These latest finds help us understand that transition."


text:
Three Dutch companies which import stone from abroad have bought granite from quarries in India where child labour is used, Trouw said on Wednesday.
Some of the workers in the quarries are also vulnerable to debt slavery because of debts owed to their employer, according to a new report by three Dutch NGOs. The NGOs base their claims on an investigation into working conditions and export data.
The three firms supply granite for worktops for kitchen suppliers, window sills for the building industry and stone tiles for gardens, floors and bathrooms. All three say they are taking action to stop the abuse.
India is the largest exporter of granite in the world. The researchers interviewed 172 employees at 22 quarries in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Telangana. They found evidence of child labour at seven of the quarries and debt slavery at 19. In total, 22 western companies were found to have bought stone from a quarry using child labour.
The paper also states that the Dutch stone importers association VNNI has withdrawn from talks within the government's SER advisory group which was working on a covenant for the sector. The VNNI says that the process is too expensive and that the companies concerned import relatively little stone from India.
According to the VNNI, debt slavery is also a bigger problem than child labour in the quarries. 'The quarries are in remote areas and there is often no school nearby so parents take their children with them to the quarry,' VNN's treasurer Niels Ros told the paper.
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text:
Hand gesture and electronic circuit for sonification of drawing
Drawdio – Jay Silver's original designed kit. It's the contemporary electronic tool for drawing music.
How does the drawing look like made by Drawdio?
Metaphorically, growing-drawing are growing like plants, instead of water there is a sound which stimulates growing of the drawing.
Interface Cultures, Kunstuniversität Linz
The experience of drawing action with Drawdio is significant for the flow of electronic sounds. The sound was controlling the outcome of drawing in a process and has priority over the hand gesture. Therefore, lines are an expression of the sound through the motion of the hand gesture.
The process of sonically drawn lines; the abstract form of drawing process, a hand is following an electronic sound, the electronic circuit is triggered by graphite's conductivity and skin; hands gestures draw and close the circuit simultaneously.


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After searching for a long time, I'm surprised this question was not asked yet. In a 2D, tiled-map game, how do you handle the map? I'd be glad to have your point of view in any languages, though I'm more interested in C++ implementations.
A 2D array, a 2D vector, a class handling a linked-list with ad hoc computing to handle coordinates, a boost::matrix...? What solution do you use and why?
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5 Answers 5
up vote 9 down vote accepted
One thing I've done for an RPG style map - that is, houses you can enter, dungeons, etc is have 4 main structures: a Map, an Area, a Zone, and a Tile.
A Tile is obviously a tile.
A Zone, or a chunk, or whatever, is an area of X by Y tiles. This has a 2D array.
An Area is a collection of Zones. Each Area can have different Zone sizes - the overworld may use a 32x32 Zone, whereas a house may have one 10x20 Zone. These are stored in dictionaries (so I can have Zone (-3, -2)).
A Map is a collection of Areas, all of which are linked to each other.
I felt this allowed me greater flexibility rather than having one huge map.
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Yay, 3000 rep. :) – The Communist Duck Mar 11 '11 at 15:52
I don't feel that this necessarily answers OP's question. That is the way you store it, but is it in an array? Vector? – Kenny Worden Feb 7 '13 at 20:45
I'll explain what I do for a specific case of tiled maps: this is for effectively infinite maps, ones where the world is generated on demand but you need to save modifications to it:
I define some cell size "N" and split the world up into squares/cubes "NxN" or "NxNxN"
A cell will have a unique key. I generate mine by hashing or using directly the formatted string:"%i,%i,%i",x,y,z (where x,y,z are the world coordinates of the start of the cell divided by N)
Storing the tiles indices in arrays is straightforward as you know you have NxN tiles or NxNxN tiles. You also know how many bits your tile type takes up. Just use a linear array. It makes loading and saving/releasing the cells simpler to handle too.
Any accessor merely needs to generate the key for the cell (to make sure it's loaded/generated, then get the pointer to it), then use a sub index to look inside that cell. to find the tile value at that specific point.
Extracting the cell by its key, I currently use a map/dictionary as generally I process whole cells at once (wouldn't want to know how bad a hit it would be to do a dictionary lookup per tile, eek).
Another point, I don't keep mobs / players in the cell data. The actively dynamic stuff needs its own system.
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The question probably wasn't asked because you don't need an alternative. For me, it's:
Tile tiles[MAP_HEIGHT][MAP_WIDTH]; if the size is fixed.
std::vector tiles(MAP_HEIGHT*MAP_WIDTH); otherwise.
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With C++ TR1 one can use std::array for fixed size with "no" performance penalty and get potentially nicer iterator semantics. – user744 Mar 2 '11 at 22:45
Another reason to use 2d arrays (using C arrays or std::vector or std::array, or the equivalent in other languages) is that they're rather compact. The percentage of space used to store game data (out of the total size of the data structure) is close to 100% with 2d arrays, but often much lower with sparse arrays, linked lists, hash tables, arrays of pointers, or other structures. This matters less in PC games but many platforms are memory limited, and compact representations help with load times and the cpu cache. – amitp Mar 5 '11 at 6:07
It would depend on the style of game and map honestly. For a relatively small rectangular tile map, I'd probably just stick with a 2d array. If the map was very irregularly shaped (lots of empty gaps), a wrapper around linked lists that provides O(1) indexing would probably be my choice.
An integer indexed array gives you a _PHONE_^2 2d array. That's pretty big, but exceeds what you'd what to load into memory. If the map was to be large scale, another thing to look at is dividing the map into chunks. Each chunk is fixed size and contains a sub-array of tiles that could be loaded/unloaded as needed to keep memory lower.
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There's no advantage to using a quad-tree for this rather than simply chunking the map at fixed sizes, and lots of gained complexity. – user744 Mar 2 '11 at 16:12
Ah, didn't explain that one well - chunked sections works better. – Leniency Mar 2 '11 at 18:02
I am toying with a 3D engine where the world is a mesh.
I am importing some 2D maps+tilesets that have previously been made.
And when I do, I convert it to a 3D mesh and put all the tiles into a single texture.
This draws substantially faster.
I would perhaps keep the map around in a 1D array of w*h if I had to keep it's tile concept, but my answer is that its liberating to move beyond the 2Dness.
And, if you have performance problems whilst using GPU drawing, keeping the graphical representation as a single texture - with a mesh if its got variable heights - can really speed it up compared to drawing each tile individually.
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text:
Canadian Civil Liberties Education Trust (CCLET) is a non-profit research and educational organization created by the Canadian Civil Liberties Association.
CCLET's function is to introduce Canadians to the exploration of civil liberties and to help in the development of democratic habits.
Since the early 1990s, the Canadian Civil Liberties Education Trust (CCLET) has developed a unique approach to teaching civil liberties in the classroom. Through the Civil Liberties in the Schools and the Teaching Civil Liberties Projects, which are funded by the CCLET and the Law Foundation of Ontario (LFO), the organization provides free workshops, seminars, and in-class sessions in schools, educational institutions, and faculties of education, educating citizens about their rights and freedoms. The in-school program helps teachers fulfill curriculum demands in subject areas such as History, Social Studies, Civics, and Law.
The value-balancing approach allows students and teachers to examine and debate legal and ethical dilemmas. Students learn to ask questions that may not have easy answers. They practice examining the purpose, effectiveness, and fairness of limits to their rights and freedoms.
"The comments that some students… made serve to confirm the importance of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association [Education Trust]. The topics and methods of presentation were engaging to the students. For some, it was perhaps the first time that they were encouraged to consider… their decision making in relation to civil liberties. I would be delighted to have this program a part of my course syllabus in the years to come."
"Fun, entertaining and informative – students learn a great amount of information on rights and responsibilities in an interactive way – students feel their opinion counts!"
High School Teacher
Thornlea Secondary School
CCLET reaches thousands of students each year in highly interactive workshops where students voice a wide variety of viewpoints. Students discuss issues from Supreme Court cases to the morning's headlines with a civil liberties focus: should a religious teenager be permitted to refuse a blood transfusion? Should police be allowed to use dogs to search schools for drugs? Should a student be suspended for wearing a t-shirt that displays a strong and controversial political slogan?


text:
The compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change
Description of scenario:
Vessel A: Power-driven vessel Vessel B: Power-driven vessel Area: On the high seas Visibility: Good (Vessels in sight of one another) Vessel A and vessel B are crossing Vessel A has vessel B on her own starboard side (relative bearing STBD 054°) No change in bearing taken at interval of time, CPA=0
Applying the Rule(s) and comments:
In accordance with Rule 7 (Risk of collision), risk of collision shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change. Comments: If the bearing (compass or relative) taken visually or with radar at interval of time does not appreciable change, than the risk of collision shall be deemed to exist. How often to take bearing from other vessel depends on situation (range between vessels, vessels relative speed, area of navigation, vessels characteristics, navigational equipment, visibility). To be able to decide if a risk of collision exists, bearing on the other vessel should be taken as soon as it is sighted and then repeated in appropriate intervals. In open water, bearing should be taken as soon as it comes over the horizon. It is advisable not to wait until the vessel is close before starting to take bearings.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.


text:
Thanksgiving is just two weeks away, which means you're probably starting to plan the dinner menu. And if you're like me, you haven't even had time to think about the endless number of holiday parties and family gatherings that are already filling up your December calendar.
Another thing you probably haven't thought of is water. Most of us don't stop and think about how much water it will take to prepare our favorite holiday dishes or to clean up after the feast or party. However, water actually plays a huge role in the kitchen, from food preparation to the clean-up process.
Here's six easy ways to conserve water while preparing for your holiday meals and parties without running up your water bill:
- Defrost frozen foods in the refrigerator or the microwave instead of running hot water over them.
- Rinse vegetables and fruits in a sink or pan filled with water instead of under running water. This water can then be reused to water houseplants. A running faucet can use up to 4 gallons per minute.
- Select the proper size pans for cooking. Large pans require more water than may be necessary.
- Scrape food scraps into the garbage can or a composting bin, rather than rinsing them into the sink's garbage disposal. A garbage disposal uses up to 4 gallons of water per minute.
- When washing dishes by hand, fill one sink or basin with soapy water and fill the rinsing sink one-third to one-half full. Avoid letting the water run continuously in the rinsing sink.
- Run your dishwasher only when you have a full load. Dishwashers use between 4.5 and 12 gallons per load depending on the age of the dishwasher.
For more water conservation tips, visit the Southwest Florida Water Management District's website at _URL_
Rainfall in Land O' Lakes for the month of October was 3.65 inches. October marks the beginning of our traditional dry season so that's just slightly above normal for this time of year.


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NTILE (Transact-SQL)
Distributes the rows in an ordered partition into a specified number of groups. The groups are numbered, starting at one. For each row, NTILE returns the number of the group to which the row belongs.
Topic link icon Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions
NTILE (integer_expression) OVER ( [ <partition_by_clause> ] < order_by_clause > )
integer_expression
Is a positive integer constant expression that specifies the number of groups into which each partition must be divided. integer_expression can be of type int, or bigint.
<partition_by_clause>
Divides the result set produced by the FROM clause into partitions to which the function is applied. For the PARTITION BY syntax, see OVER Clause (Transact-SQL).
<order_by_clause>
Determines the order in which the NTILE values are assigned to the rows in a partition. An integer cannot represent a column when the <order_by_clause> is used in a ranking function.
If the number of rows in a partition is not divisible by integer_expression, this will cause groups of two sizes that differ by one member. Larger groups come before smaller groups in the order specified by the OVER clause. For example if the total number of rows is 53 and the number of groups is five, the first three groups will have 11 rows and the two remaining groups will have 10 rows each. If on the other hand the total number of rows is divisible by the number of groups, the rows will be evenly distributed among the groups. For example, if the total number of rows is 50, and there are five groups, each bucket will contain 10 rows.
A. Dividing rows into groups
The following example divides rows into four groups of employees based on their year-to-date sales. Because the total number of rows is not divisible by the number of groups, the first two groups have four rows and the remaining groups have three rows each.
USE AdventureWorks2012;
GO
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName
 ,NTILE(4) OVER(ORDER BY SalesYTD DESC) AS Quartile
 ,CONVERT(nvarchar(20),s.SalesYTD,1) AS SalesYTD
 , a.PostalCode
FROM Sales.SalesPerson AS s
INNER JOIN Person.Person AS p
 ON s.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID
INNER JOIN Person.Address AS a
 ON a.AddressID = p.BusinessEntityID
WHERE TerritoryID IS NOT NULL
 AND SalesYTD <> 0;
GO
Here is the result set.
FirstName LastName Quartile SalesYTD PostalCode
------------- --------------------- --------- -------------- ----------
Linda Mitchell 1 4,251,368.55 98027
Jae Pak 1 4,116,871.23 98055
Michael Blythe 1 3,763,178.18 98027
Jillian Carson 1 3,189,418.37 98027
Ranjit Varkey Chudukatil 2 3,121,616.32 98055
José Saraiva 2 2,604,540.72 98055
Shu Ito 2 2,458,535.62 98055
Tsvi Reiter 2 2,315,185.61 98027
Rachel Valdez 3 1,827,066.71 98055
Tete Mensa-Annan 3 1,576,562.20 98055
David Campbell 3 1,573,012.94 98055
Garrett Vargas 4 1,453,719.47 98027
Lynn Tsoflias 4 1,421,810.92 98055
Pamela Ansman-Wolfe 4 1,352,577.13 98027
 (14 row(s) affected)
B. Dividing the result set by using PARTITION BY
The following example adds the PARTITION BY argument to the code in example A. The rows are first partitioned by PostalCode and then divided into four groups within each PostalCode. The example also declares a variable @NTILE_Var and uses that variable to specify the value for the integer_expression parameter.
USE AdventureWorks2012;
GO
DECLARE @NTILE_Var int = 4;
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName
 ,NTILE(@NTILE_Var) OVER(PARTITION BY PostalCode ORDER BY SalesYTD DESC) AS Quartile
 ,CONVERT(nvarchar(20),s.SalesYTD,1) AS SalesYTD
 ,a.PostalCode
FROM Sales.SalesPerson AS s
INNER JOIN Person.Person AS p
 ON s.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID
INNER JOIN Person.Address AS a
 ON a.AddressID = p.BusinessEntityID
WHERE TerritoryID IS NOT NULL
 AND SalesYTD <> 0;
GO
Here is the result set.
FirstName LastName Quartile SalesYTD PostalCode
------------ -------------------- -------- ------------ ----------
Linda Mitchell 1 4,251,368.55 98027
Michael Blythe 1 3,763,178.18 98027
Jillian Carson 2 3,189,418.37 98027
Tsvi Reiter 2 2,315,185.61 98027
Garrett Vargas 3 1,453,719.47 98027
Pamela Ansman-Wolfe 4 1,352,577.13 98027
Jae Pak 1 4,116,871.23 98055
Ranjit Varkey Chudukatil 1 3,121,616.32 98055
José Saraiva 2 2,604,540.72 98055
Shu Ito 2 2,458,535.62 98055
Rachel Valdez 3 1,827,066.71 98055
Tete Mensa-Annan 3 1,576,562.20 98055
David Campbell 4 1,573,012.94 98055
Lynn Tsoflias 4 1,421,810.92 98055
(14 row(s) affected)
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they are supercharged, the following conditions
-Run a little faster than flower Pikmin (regardless of whether they are
flowers or leaves, they all run with the same speed).
-Fight much stronger (Enemies and opponent's Pikmin stand little chance).
There are a few other things to note. The condition wears off after about 40
seconds. Also keep in mind that Pikmin who engage enemies and are shaken off
of them will lose the condition faster than the rest of the Pikmin. It's
similar to the gradual loss of flowers on Pikmin when getting shaken off of
an enemy.
Cherries are lying around every level, and are always regenerating. They mix
up the game-sometimes they just annoy the opponent, but at opportune times,
they can very drastically change the game. Cherries are very lightweight,
and only take one Pikmin to carry back to your Onion. One is actually the
minimum and maximum amount; that is to say, you cannot even put two Pikmin
on one cherry to carry one back. Cherries can travel very fast back to the
Onion, usually fast enough to dodge enemies that they might pass by.
However, they may brush by enemies, disturbing them. And if it's a big
Bulborb, that could be very bad. Naturally, a flower Pikmin will travel
faster back with a cherry.
When a cherry reaches the Onion, a roulette will spin for about 5 seconds
and stop on a symbol. This section details what every symbol means and what
to expect from each one. But you may find more than one cherry at one time.
Well, every additional cherry that you receive from the roulette is stored
and marked by a red dot. The roulette appears on the right side of the
screen, and the red dots appear above the roulette. When you use a cherry
(by pressing Y) the condition takes place immediately, and the roulette will
spin again until there are no more red dots (additional cherries stored).
Then the roulette will disappear until another cherry is stored in the
Onion. You can have a maximum of five stored. That's four plus the one the
roulette stopped on. You shouldn't have more than two or three at one time,
anyway. The only way you might have four stored is if you are holding onto
one and collect four more.
There are certain spots in a level that cherries will generate and
regenerate. Typically, only a few cherries can appear at one time in any
particular spot. However, there can be upwards of six available. They will
stop regenerating when there are too many there. Where you find cherries
differs on each level, but usually where you find one, you can find more
regenerate there in the future. But once they are stored in the Onion, they
will continue to regenerate randomly. Another cherry appears about every 10
seconds, so you could easily spare a Pikmin every time you find a cherry to
bring it back to the Onion and get heavily rewarded. In fact, I would highly
recommend taking back all cherries that you find. The rest of this section
covers what each symbol does, and how to use the symbols, and etc. A few of
the symbols were combined since they are very similar in effect.
Each description for the cherries uses these categories.
-Looks Like: What the symbol looks like.
-Effect: What the symbol does when executed.
-Threat Level: The level of threat to your opponent when used or vice versa.
-When it should be used: When the cherry should be executed.
-Notes: Additional descriptive notes on effects and on recommended usage.
Below are the definitions of each description for 'Threat Level'.
-Low: Won't affect your opponent too much.
-Medium: Can cause some negative effects on your opponent.
-High: Will drastically affect your opponent.
-Varies: Can sometimes do Low-High threats. Read Notes for additional
Below are the definitions of each description for 'When it should be used'.
-Always Immediately: Should always be executed immediately.
-Usually Immediately: Should be executed immediately, but sometimes is
better to be held.
-Depends: Sometimes it should be used right away, but may be best to be
Looks Like: Purple goo and Red goo (Two different types of symbols); exact
shape is the yellow nectar that is typically found in most matches.
Effect: Adds one spray to each respective type
Threat Level: Medium
When it should be used: Always Immediately
Notes: These should be pretty straight-forward. There's no reason to hold
onto these cherries (you may of course want to wait to use the actualy
sprays themselves), as you'll want/need all the sprays you can get. See
Section S306 for info on the purple and red sprays. The threat level is
considered Medium because even just one additional spray can mean a victory
in a Pikmin-on-Pikmin battle.
Looks Like: A bomb spider
Effect: Drops a dweevil right on your opponent, and will set off a timer for
a bomb explosion if it spots movement.
Threat Level: Varies
When it should be used: Depends
Notes: Really the only time you absolutely shouldn't use it if you are
engaging your opponent and his Pikmin. You could also wait it out, and use
it when your opponent has the most Pikmin with him. It's also smart to use
this when your opponent is in a small area or a corner. Usually you can
outrun the spider if you call your Pikmin right away and keep running, so
it's not the most effective cherry. There is one little catch to it. If you
drop it on your opponent, and your opponent runs away fast enough, he can
actually escape it before it sees him and sets off the bomb. Of course, it
will not go away, and it will follow anything it sees moving. So if it is
dropped between you and your opponent, and your opponent runs away, the
spider may just decide to come back to you rather than chase after the
opponent. Just be careful, and it could be very effective, if you're lucky.
That is why the threat level varies-it could be devastating or do little to
Looks Like: Two fat white things, one with a red spout, one with a blue
Effect: Drops a fiery or watery blowhog at your opponent's base. If your
opponent has red Pikmin, it will be a watery blowhog. If your opponent has
blue Pikmin, it will be a fiery blowhog. Lasts for 50 seconds.
Threat Level: Medium
When it should be used: Usually Immediately
Notes: This little monster will spray water or fire, depending on which one
would kill the opponent's Pikmin. Since it is dropped at the base, it could
end up killing stray Pikmin that may have been taking something back to the
Onion. This one depends a little on timing, though you can usually use it
immediately and be safe. It could be just as bad for your opponent when he
is at the base than when he isn't at the base.
Let's consider both opportunities. If your opponent isn't at his base, you
should only use it if you know there are stray Pikmin there to be affected
by the enemy. However, it may be in your best interest to just use it and
move on to another cherry.
But what if your opponent is there? He may be trying to pick some Pikmin out
of the ground, and with the rest of his army running crazy from fire/water,
it can be hectic for him. And stalling him can be a good thing. The enemy
isn't too hard to defeat, so the threat level remains at Medium.
But what if it happens to you? Usually, it is unwise to interrupt what you
are doing to go back to your base to save a few Pikmin. But if you are
caught at your base with one, it may be wise to destroy it quickly as to not
impede your progress. And keep in mind that you and your opponent can send
in as many of these guys as the cherries will allow.
Looks Like: A big orange puffy balloon.
Effect: Drops an orange blowhog at your opponent's base; blows Pikmin making
them stumble and lose their flowers, if they have any. Lasts for 50 seconds.
Threat Level: Low
When it should be used: Usually Immediately
Notes: This enemy will become a problem for your opponent if he is at the
base. But either way, stray Pikmin at the base will lose their flowers,
which will make it harder on your opponent.
It may be helpful to hold onto it until your opponent comes by his base, or
when you are away form the base, but since it isn't a huge burden either
way, it's usually best to simply execute it right away. It will also cause
your opponent to fall down, so it will be more effective if your opponent is
there. Then again, you could use it when your opponent isn't there, and
there will be an unpleasant surprise waiting for him when he gets back. But
to move onto another cherry, for you, it's probably best to use it right
If this beast is in your base, it may be worth your time to bring it down.
Of course, if all of your Pikmin


How will a centralized budget improve equity? Ask the HISD Board for a substantive public workshop
On Monday, the HISD Board will be voting whether or not to have a public workshop comparing centralized and decentralized models.
Ask the HISD Board to vote yes to a public workshop on Monday
A public workshop will help our school-based officials and constituents understand more clearly how the proposed budget will improve equitable funding in our highest need schools.
What are the options on the table, and how will they affect each campus? What are the goals of an FTE (centralized) model vs. the current (PUA) model vs. a hybrid of the two? How does each model affect equity?
Here are some questions and comments to ask your board members.
 1. Will a centralized model increase weights (beyond state minimums) for groups like the homeless, the economically disadvantaged and at risk students so there are safeguards to ensure that students in high need schools maintain reasonable class size? Right now the weight for homeless students is only 5% while the GT weight is much higher at 12%. Whether the district implements a PUA (decentralized), FTE (centralized) or hybrid model, we need funding weights for the highest need students -homeless, Sp Ed, economically disadvantaged, and at risk studentsto be increased.
 2. What does it mean when HISD says that their new budget cuts are "after FTE changes"? Given the limited publicly available information, this language is confusing and ambiguous. On Thursday, Feb. 22, HISD CFO announced that the district's budget cuts have been reapportioned across the system, and school-based cuts have been reduced and "department" budget cuts have been increased. Classroom cuts were $98 million (almost half) in the administration's original proposal and are now 45 million to schools (22%) and 163.8 million (78%) to HISD Central Office Departments.
 3. Children are living under the burden of so many previous cuts. No child should have to experience further cuts to their schools. But our schools and children who have the highest need, whose PTOs are not able to supplement school funding, require the most protection. Has HISD completed a thorough analysis of the impact of centralized vs decentralized funding on our highest need students? If so, HISD should share this information in a public workshop. If not, then do so at the public workshop. Vote yes for a substantive public workshop.�
 4. We demand that the HISD Admin and Board continue to look for all ways that we put dollars back into our classrooms and schools. Our children need supplies, wraparound services, and small class size and less SSOs and district chiefs.
 5. Ask the HISD Board to vote for a temporary one year tax increase to help our kids. This year, due to Harvey, the HISD Board is authorized by state law to vote for a temporary tax increase to help our schools without the expense of putting the vote on a ballot. Our children need better funded schools now.
A public workshop will give all stakeholders-community members, HISD personnel, HISD Board members a chance to weigh in and share useful insights to increase equitable funding for our highest need students.
Ask the HISD Board to vote yes to a public workshop when they meet on Monday.
Email the HISD Board and the Superintendent today! There is a vote on Monday.
By E-mail
[email protected]
District I
Elizabeth Santos
[email protected]
District II
Rhonda Skillern-Jones
[email protected]
District III
Sergio Lira
[email protected]
District IV
Jolanda Jones
[email protected]
District V
Susan Deigaard
[email protected]
District VI
Holly Maria Flynn Vilaseca
[email protected]
District VII
Anne Sung
[email protected]
District VIII
Diana Davila
[email protected]
District IX
Wanda Adams
[email protected]
By telephone
Board Services _PHONE_
Constituent Services _PHONE_
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About Products– pseudo weightlessness
Modern medicine has been extensively investigating the impact of weightlessness on a human organism while curing various diseases including injuries. The thing is that biological and chemical processes inside a human being in the state of weightlessness do not run the way they do in the state of gravity.
The lack of gravity will help
 - transfer gravitation from the upper zones of the body to the lower ones;
 - relieve muscular tension;
 - reduce impact on bones;
 - shift the organism's liquid media and relieve hydrostatic pressure;
 - redistribute the organism's liquid media;
 - reduce the total muscular activity.
The external impact on the human body becomes reduced. And once the impact is reduced, the injury healing process is faster.
Weightlessness is closely linked to gravity, that is why it cannot be created on Earth. It is possible only to simulate the state of weightlessness.
The simplest way to simulate weightlessness today is to use water or other liquid with similar properties. This type of weightlessness simulation was named 'pseudo weightlessness'.
In other words, we can simulate weightlessness using water for the purpose of treatment and rehabilitation.
Is it possible to replace water with a dry matter which would resemble water in some physical properties?
The most relevant matter in terms of properties is micro glass sphere. Microspheres (a simplified name of the micro glass spheres) are hollow glass beads of a very small size (10 to 200 micrometres).
With this approach, weightlessness is simulated in the following way.
The filler is placed in a special bag like a pillow case made of a special material type.
When a certain zone of a human body comes in contact with the item and then moves to change its position, the movement takes place not between the body and the item, but between the filler layers, because the internal friction of the filler is much less than the sliding friction between the part of the body and the item.
The filler behaves like liquid creating a "pseudo floating" effect, that is why the filler can easily change its shape under the ambient pressure without changing its volume.
Simulation of the pseudo weightlessness has been employed in neonatology (a part of medicine dealing with new born children) since the eighties to rehabilitate new born children with perinatal pathology, especially nervous system pathology, pneumonia, and premature neonates. The phenomenon of pseudo weightlessness may be used for treatment and rehabilitation after traumas of various nature and severity. E.g., after locomotor system injuries, central nervous system damage, burns, etc.


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 Detalle_Publicacion
Considerations of education in the field of biophotonics in engineering: the experience of the subject Fundamentals of Biophotonics
Abstract: Education in the field of photonics is usually somehow complex due to the fact that most of the programs include just a few subjects on the field, apart from specific Master programs in Photonics. There are also specific doctorate programs dealing with photonics. Apart from the problems shared with photonics in education in general, biophotonics specifically needs an interdisciplinary approach between biomedical and technical or scientific fields. In this work, we present our education experience in teaching the subject Fundamentals of Biophotonics, intended preferentially to engineering Bachelor and Master degrees students, but also to science and medicine students. First it was necessary to join a teaching group coming from the scientific technical and medical fields, working together in the subject. This task was easier as our research group, the Applied Optical Techniques group, had previous contacts and experience in working with medicine professors and medical doctors at hospitals. The orientation of the subject, intended for both technical and medical students, has to be carefully selected. All this information could be employed by other education institutions willing to implement studies on biomedical optics.
Otras comunicaciones del congreso o articulos relacionados con autores/as de la Universidad de Cantabria
 Autoría: Fanjul-Vélez F., Arce-Diego J.,
 Congreso: International Conference on Photonics, Devices and Systems (8ª : 2017 : Praga)
Editorial: SPIE Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
 Año de publicación: 2017
Nº de páginas: 7
Tipo de publicación: Comunicación a Congreso
DOI: 10.1117/12._PHONE_
ISSN: 0277-786X,1996-756X
Proyecto español: MAT2015-69508-P
Url de la publicación: _URL_


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l intake were observed.150 mg of daily resveratrol intake for 4 weeks does not change metabolic risk markers related to cardiovascular health in overweight and slightly obese men and women. Effects on glucose metabolism warrant further study.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01364961.
The effect of exercise on cardiovascular risk markers in Mexican school-aged children: comparison between two structured group routines Efecto del ejercicio sobre marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares mexicanos: comparación entre dos rutinas grupales
Full Text Available Objective. To assess the effects of two groups of exercise routines on cardiovascular disease risk markers. Material and Methods. An intervention study was conducted with 319 Mexican school-aged children in which routines were implemented Monday through Friday for 12 weeks. Routine A was the reference group, with 20 min of less intense activity and routine B was the new group with 40 min of aerobic exercises. Body mass index (BMI, waist circumference, fat mass percentage (FM%, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, glucose and insulin were measured before and after the intervention. Results. Routine A had an effect on diastolic pressure, while routine B had an effect on BMI, FM%, blood pressure and triglycerides. Routine B had a greater effect on blood pressure than routine A. The prevalence of obesity, high blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia decreased in both groups. Conclusion. Aerobic exercise is an effective health promotion strategy to reduce some cardiovascular disease risk markers.Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de dos rutinas grupales de ejercicio sobre marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y métodos. Intervención en 319 escolares mexicanos. Las rutinas fueron implementadas por 12 semanas (rutina A (referencia: 20 min con ejercicios menos intensos vs rutina B (nueva: 40 min con ejercicios aeróbicos. Se midieron al inicio y al final el índice de masa corporal (IMC, masa grasa (%MG, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, lípidos, lipoproteínas, glucosa e insulina. Resultados. La rutina A tuvo efecto sobre la presión diastólica; la B tuvo efecto sobre el IMC, %MG, presión arterial y triglicéridos. La rutina B tuvo mayores efectos en la presión arterial que la rutina A. Las prevalencias de obesidad, hipertensión arterial e hipertrigliceridemia disminuyeron en ambos grupos. Conclusiones. El ejercicio aeróbico es una estrategia de promoción exitosa para reducir algunos marcadores de riesgo
Urine albumin/creatinine ratio, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide--three new cardiovascular risk markers--do they improve risk prediction and influence treatment?
Olsen, Michael H; Sehestedt, Thomas; Lyngbaek, Stig; Hansen, Tine W; Rasmussen, Susanne; Wachtell, Kristian; Torp-Pedersen, Christian; Hildebrandt, Per R; Ibsen, Hans
-proBNP), related to hemodynamic cardiovascular risk factors, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), related to metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), related to hemodynamic as well as metabolic risk factors. In healthy subjects with a 10-year risk of cardiovascular...
Kalburgi, V; Sravya, L; Warad, S; Vijayalaxmi, K; Sejal, P; Hazeil, DJ
Background: Periodontitis is a local inflammatory process mediating destruction of periodontium triggered by bacterial insult leading to systemic inflammatory mayhem in the host. Epidemiologically, it has been modestly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with elevated acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheological variables such as total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count (TLC and DLC), which are potential predictors of CVD. Aim: The aim of this study wa...
Hjerpsted, Julie Bousgaard; Tholstrup, Tine
Abstract Currently, the effect of dairy products on cardiovascular risk is a topic with much debate and conflicting results. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the existing literature regarding the effect of cheese intake and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies included...
Full Text Available Abstract Background Vitamin K has been related to glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and diabetes. Because inflammation underlies all these metabolic conditions, it is plausible that the potential role of vitamin K in glucose metabolism occurs through the modulation of cytokines and related molecules. The purpose of the study was to assess the associations between dietary intake of vitamin K and peripheral adipokines and other metabolic risk markers related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments of these associations in 510 elderly participants recruited in the PREDIMED centers of Reus and Barcelona (Spain. We determined 1-year changes in dietary phylloquinone intake estimated by food frequency questionnaires, serum inflammatory cytokines and other metabolic risk markers. Results In the cross-sectional analysis at baseline no significant associations were found between dietary phylloquinone intake and the rest of metabolic risk markers evaluated, with exception of a negative association with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. After 1-year of follow-up, subjects in the upper tertile of changes in dietary phylloquinone intake showed a greater reduction in ghrelin (−15.0%, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (−12.9%, glucagon-like peptide-1 (−17.6%, IL-6 (−27.9%, leptin (−10.3%, TNF (−26.9% and visfatin (−24.9% plasma concentrations than those in the lowest tertile (all p Conclusion These results show that dietary phylloquinone intake is associated with an improvement of cytokines and other markers related to insulin resistance and diabetes, thus extending the potential protection by dietary phylloquinone on chronic inflammatory diseases. Trial registration _URL_ as ISRCTN35739639
Albumin is a protein which is charged negatively. By correcting for the daily excretion of creatinine, the albumin creatinin ratio implicates the daily excretion of albumin in spot urine. Albuminuria is a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and the general population. Urinary albumin excretion is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, even after adjustment for risk factors. Risk has been shown to increase continuously with inc...
Risco cardiovascular: marcadores antropométricos, clínicos e dietéticos em indivíduos infectados pelo vírus HIV Cardiovascular risk: anthropometric, clinical and dietary markers in HIV-infected persons
Luísa Helena Maia Leite
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever marcadores antropométricos, clínicos e dietéticos associados ao risco cardiovascular em indivíduos infectados pelo vírus HIV. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 100 indivíduos, adultos, com HIV/Aids, da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O risco cardiovascular foi estimado pelo escore de risco de Framingham. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de um recordatório de 24 horas e de uma lista de frequência de consumo de alimentos. Para comparar variáveis, foram utilizados o teste t de Student e o teste Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Dentre os indivíduos avaliados, 63% eram homens, com idade média de 41,8, DP=9,6 anos, 77% faziam uso de antirretrovirais. Escore de risco de Framingham >10% foi identificado em 53% dos indivíduos. Os principais fatores de risco cardiovascular potencialmente modificáveis identificados foram: lipoproteína de alta densidade baixo (70%, hipercolesterolemia (35%, hipertensão arterial (35%, seguidos de tabagismo (23% e glicose alta (21%. Indivíduos com escore de risco de Framingham >10% apresentavam uma tendência para consumir dietas mais ricas em colesterol (p=0,720, em sódio (p=0,898, em açúcares/doces (p=0,032 e pobres em fibra


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Complaint letter about manager behavior
A complaint letter about manager behavior is a formal document that is used to report inappropriate behavior by a manager in the workplace. The main purpose of this form is to provide a clear and detailed description of the incident or incidents that have occurred, and to request that appropriate action be taken to address the situation.
The form typically consists of several parts, including a brief introduction that explains the purpose of the letter, a detailed description of the incident or incidents that have occurred, and a request for action to be taken. It may also include any relevant documentation or evidence that supports the complaint, such as emails, memos, or witness statements.
The parties involved in this form are the employee who is making the complaint and the manager who is the subject of the complaint. It is important to consider the potential consequences of filing a complaint, such as retaliation or negative repercussions, before submitting the form.
When compiling the form, the employee will need to provide specific details about the incident or incidents that have occurred, including the date, time, location, and any witnesses who were present. They may also need to attach any relevant documentation or evidence that supports their complaint.
Sample Complaint letter about manager behavior
Dear [HR Manager],
I am writing to file a formal complaint against [Manager's Name] for their inappropriate behavior towards me and other employees in the department. Over the past several months, I have witnessed and experienced several instances of unprofessional conduct that I believe warrant immediate attention.
On [date], during a team meeting, [Manager's Name] singled me out and publicly criticized my work in a way that was humiliating and demoralizing. They made disparaging comments about my performance in front of my colleagues, which has created a hostile work environment for me.
Additionally, I have witnessed [Manager's Name] engage in bullying and intimidating behavior towards other employees in the department. They have raised their voice, used profanity, and made derogatory comments about employees' abilities and performance. This type of behavior is unacceptable and goes against the company's values of respect and professionalism.
I have tried to address these issues with [Manager's Name] directly, but unfortunately, they have been dismissive and unresponsive to my concerns. I believe that their behavior is creating a toxic work environment that is affecting the morale and productivity of our team.
I am requesting that immediate action be taken to address these concerns and ensure that the workplace is a safe and respectful environment for all employees. I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss this matter further with you and provide any additional information or documentation that may be helpful.
Thank you for your attention to this matter.
Strengths of this form include its formal nature, which can help ensure that the complaint is taken seriously and that appropriate action is taken. Weaknesses may include the potential for negative consequences or retaliation, which can discourage employees from coming forward with complaints.
Examples of related and alternative forms may include informal complaints to HR or other managers, anonymous reporting systems, or mediation or conflict resolution processes. The main difference between these forms is the level of formality and the potential consequences for the parties involved.
The form can have a significant impact on the future of the participants, as it can lead to changes in management behavior, disciplinary action, or other consequences. It is typically submitted to HR or another designated authority, and is stored in the employee's personnel file or other confidential records.
Overall, a complaint letter about manager behavior is an important tool for employees who have experienced inappropriate behavior in the workplace. While there may be some risks associated with filing a complaint, it can ultimately help ensure a safe and respectful workplace for all employees.


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Reading menus and drive directories
Computer books, tutorials, lessons and articles frequently need to direct the user to a specific menu. While I have the luxury of using as many screen shots as I want, a number of post to this blog are turned into articles for user group magazines and other publications. While there are many different ways to attempt to lead a reader to a specific menu, many authors use a system similar to this:
Finder > Menu Bar > Go > iDisk > Other User's Public Folder…
or perhaps this example:
Safari > Menu Bar > File > Mail Link to this Page.
In both examples, the name of the active program (Finder in the first, Safari in the second) begins the line. Then the > symbol is used to designate a specific location.
So, Finder > Menu Bar > Go > iDisk > Other User's Public Folder… might replace:
Make the Finder the active application. Go to the Menu bar at the top of the page and locate the "Go" menu. Go down to "iDisk, then go sideways to "Other User's Public Folder.
Safari > Menu bar > File > Mail Link to this Page might replace:
Make Safari the active application. Go to the Menu bar at the top of the page and locate the File menu. Pull down the File menu to Mail Link to This Page.
When writers are referring to paths for files they use a similar system. If you were being directed to Disk Utility, it might be written:
Macintosh HD > Applications > Utilities > Disk Utility.
Another similar system is:
Macintosh HD: Applications: Utilities: Disk Utility.
I prefer the first example. In fact, when I am writing directions to menu items or file locations, I read ">" as "go to."
There is one more thing to note. The ellipses (&hellip is used in menus to let you know that you will next see a dialog box. For example, Finder > Menu Bar > Go > iDisk > Other User's Public Folder… will lead you to this dialog box:
If you want to add an ellipses to your writing, press Command > ;.
Here's a warm welcome to the participants in last week's seminar. Thanks for spending the day with me!


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This is a video looking at public and private sector pay differences.
The public and private sectors are different which means there is often difficulty in comparing the public and private sector in terms of earnings. For example, there is a different skill mix of jobs, different sizes of businesses, as well as, a different percentage of men and women working within them. Also the average number of hours worked differs, and so does the age and pay distribution.
Starting with the differences in skill levels between the two sectors we will use this example to illustrate the problems in comparing two groups. Here are two groups, A and B, and here are 40 people who are paid £9 per hour and they all do exactly the same job, which we will call 'high skill'. Here are another 40 people all doing a lower skilled job being paid £6 per hour.
If we move these people into the two groups, here we have 25 high skill and 15 low skill people in group A and 15 high skill and 25 low skill in group B. The total pay for group A is £315, with an average of £7.88 per hour. The total pay for group B is £285, or an average of £7.13 per hour.
So taking the pay difference between the two groups gives us a gap of 10.5 per cent, suggesting that group A is better paid than group B. However, this is because of the different skill mix of the two sectors.
So let's look at the skill mix of jobs between the public and private sector using information from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, in April 2011, and looking firstly at low and lower-middle skill jobs, there is a higher percentage in the private sector. For the upper-middle and high skill jobs there are a higher percentage in the public sector.
The importance of these differences is that earnings tend to increase as the skill level of the job increases. So, considering the previous example, it would be expected that on average the public sector would earn more than the private sector because of the differences in the types of jobs.
Now looking at the age of employees in both sectors, here is the percentage of employees in both sectors up to around the mid 30s and here the percentage for the other years of age. We can see the private sector is made up of a higher percentage of younger employees. Looking at those aged older, we see the public sector has a higher percentage of older employees.
Removing these bars and changing the axis to £ per hour, we will now look at the average pay for each individual year of age. Firstly in the public sector, and now the private sector, and we see that earnings tend to increase most up to the early 30's, before falling off in the mid-50's as it is likely that those being paid the most leave the labour market earlier.
As earnings increase with age and the public sector has a higher percentage of older workers, again, keeping everything else the same, it would be expected that the public sector earn more, on average, than the private sector.
Another important thing to note when comparing the pay between the two sectors is the pay distribution of employees. To illustrate this, here is a random selection of people which we will say work in the public sector, and here is another random selection of private sector employees.
What we see is that the public sector distribution is more compressed than the private sector. This means that the private sector has more low paid employees but also more high paid employees than in the public sector.
We've explained some of the differences between the two sectors which make it difficult to compare the averages in pay between them. To try to account for some of these issues a statistical regression model can be run with the aim of estimating the pay difference, keeping all other things the same. A detailed article explaining this method is on the ONS website, with a link in the description of this podcast.
We will use this chart to show the estimated pay difference, we see the gap increased from around 2003 to 2005, before falling up to 2007, and then increasing from 2007 to stand at 7.3 per cent in 2011.
Another important issue to note at this stage is the importance of the size of the organisation. Employees working in large organisations earn more than those in small organisations. A large organisation is defined as having 500 or more employees.
Using these pie charts we can see that 94% of public sector employees work in large organisations compared with 49% of private sector employees.
In 2011, people employed in large organisations earned 24.9% more than those working in small organisations after running regression analysis to control for other factors.
If we now return to the previous chart on the pay gap over the period from 2003 to 2011 we can now analyse the impact that firm size has on the size of the pay gap.
As seen earlier the pay gap was 7.3% in 2011. If organisational size differences are accounted for, shown by the green line, the size of the pay gap decreases to 2.2%.
Next we will look at the pay gap across the earnings distribution, using this chart. The green line illustrates the pay gap across the earnings distribution when organisation size is accounted for, and the dotted line illustrates the UK average pay gap of 2.2%.
If we look at the lowest earners, at the 5th percentile, the value at which 5% earn less and 95% earn more, we can see that the pay gap is 11.2%. Now turning our attention to the highest earners, at the 95th percentile, the value at which 95% earn less and 5% earn more, the pay gap is -10.3%.
This shows that public sector employees earn more at the bottom end of the earnings distribution, and this is partially offset by the fact that private sector employees earn more at the top of the earnings distribution.
The blue line here shows the trend when organisational size is not accounted for, and as can be seen, it follows the same pattern as the green line.
Now we will look at the pay gap across the different regions of the UK, using this chart. The blue horizontal bars show the pay gap across the regions when organisational size differences are accounted for. As can be seen, all areas of the UK have a positive pay gap except for the South East and London, which has a pay gap of -3.0% and -7.9% respectively. The dotted line illustrates the UK average pay gap of 2.2%.
If we now look at the regional pay gap when organisational size is not taken account of, we can see, that the size of the pay gap, with the bars now illustrated in green, has increased, and the dotted line showing the UK average pay gap has increased to 7.3%. The only region now showing a negative pay gap is London.
Next we will look at the regional pay gap across the earnings distribution, using this chart. The blue line shows the pay gap for the whole of the UK across the earnings distribution.
The next three lines illustrate the North East, Yorkshire and The Humber and North West respectively. All three regions have a very similar pattern across the earnings distribution, although it is worth noting that the pay gap in the North East remains positive throughout.
The next three lines show the East Midlands, East of England and West Midlands respectively. All three of these regions follow a similar pattern to that of the UK average.
The next three lines show the South West, South East and London respectively. We can see that the pay gap for the South East is lower than the UK average across the whole of the earnings distribution.
This final group of regions shows the pay gap across the earnings distribution for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
If we bring back the pay gap line for London, since the pattern for London is different to other parts of the UK, we can see that compared to the UK average, the pay gap is higher at the bottom of the earnings distribution in favour of the public sector, and then favours the private sector at the top half of the distribution.
Lastly it is worth noting that there are other factors that could influence the pay difference, and this analysis does not include other forms of remuneration, for example, pension contributions, company cars, and health insurance. This is because the survey ASHE does not collect this information. Also ASHE does not cover those who are self-employed so it will miss many high paid self-employed, and also some lower-paid.


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Skip to Main Content
This paper describes and compares several practical equalization schemes for space-time-coded transmissions over broadband wireless channels. For space-time trellis codes (STTCs), we describe and compare two reduced-complexity trellis-based joint equalization and decoding schemes whose performance is further optimized by a front-end finite-impulse response (FIR) channel-shortening prefilter. For space-time block codes, we describe and compare three joint equalization and decoding schemes based on a block-level implementation of the well-known Alamouti scheme either in the time or frequency domains. We consider the third-generation time division multiple access (TDMA) cellular system known as Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) and recommend a promising equalization scheme for space-time trellis-coded and for Alamouti-type space-time block-coded dual-antenna transmissions based on simulation results for typical urban channel conditions where the delay spread is few symbol periods.
Date of Publication: Oct 2002


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A look back at the most-read RRC articles from 2020.
The Farm, which is located just north of Airdrie, Alberta has just about everything to give students a chance to learn about animal care and welfare as well as growing crops.
The National Cattle Feeders Association talks about feedlot owners would be able to hold back their cattle in the short term while packing plants increase capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020.
Corteva Agriscience released 14 goals over four categories to mark one-year as a pure-play agricultural company. The categories include how they will help improve sustainability with farmers, the land, their communities, and their operations.
A new three-minute short film by award-winning director Nettie Wild captures a cattle roundup that occurs every Fall near Dawson Creek, B.C.
The Sunset Prairie corral located in Peace Country sees between 4,000 – 5,000 head of cattle from 20 families in the region every year.
A look back at some of the notable moments in the history of Agricultural Service Boards and the Association of Alberta Agriculture Fieldmen.
Dirt to Dinner's aim is to educate kids about the work it takes to produce the food people enjoy everyday. The book is written by farmer Conny Kappler of Rolling Hills, Alberta, while design and photography is done by Ralaina Virostek.


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Are you someone who often measures the length of things around you? If so, there is a compact digital ruler called Rollova 2.0 that might pique your interest. Rollova 2.0 is a pocket ruler capable of measuring curves, lines, and a variety of other surfaces.
Rollova 2.0 digital ruler
Hozo Design, the makers of Rollova 2.0, has used stainless steel, aluminum alloy, nylon plastic, and silicone rubber in the product. This is the second generation of the product and the company claims that it is 60% more accurate and uses 25% less energy while improving processing efficiency. You also get a leather case to carry the ruler, so it is convenient to take it with you.
Rollova 2.0 has a 1.2 inch OLED screen with a resolution of 128 x 64 pixels to display the measurement. That supports three units of measure namely, inch (decimal), inch (fraction), and centimeter (decimal).
To use the ruler, press and hold the button and roll it across the surface to measure the distance. You will see the duration in real time on the digital display of the device. You can see how it works in the following video:
You can use the ruler to measure objects up to 999.9 cm. It can even measure corners, thanks to its compensation function that considers the radius or diameter of the device in its measurement. Once you have taken a measurement, you can choose to save the figures. The rule saves up to 99 data entries in its internal storage.
As far as the battery is concerned, the Rollova 2.0 is powered by a CR1632 button battery. Have a standby time of 18,000 hours, which translates to approximately 2 years. However, your mileage may vary based on your frequency of use and other factors such as humidity and temperature.
If you are interested in purchasing this digital ruler, you can use the link below to purchase the device on the company's website.
Buy Rollova 2.0 ($ 89)
Thanks For Reading 🙂
EAT < SLEEP < TECH< REPEAT


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The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) has released a new video promoting its policy on how to reduce pain for cattle during a common surgical procedure—dehorning.
Many breeds of cattle have horns, which are often removed early in life to protect other animals and farmers from injury. The AVMA policy and this informational video offer guidance to help make this procedure as comfortable as possible for animals.
"The AVMA provides up-to-date and accurate information about ensuring good animal welfare. Videos like this one help us get that information to more people," explains Dr. Cia Johnson of the AVMA Animal Welfare Division, who appears in the video. "America has more than 96 million head of cattle, so—although not widely known—this is a common procedure. The AVMA Animal Welfare Committee uses the latest scientific research available and practical experience to recommend policy for the Association. Research has shown that local anesthesia can be used to reduce the pain experienced by animals during dehorning."
AVMA policy recommends that, to reduce discomfort for the animal, dehorning be done at the earliest age possible and that consideration be given to the use of local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents for pain control.
The new video demonstrates the use of local anesthetic and disbudding (a dehorning technique applied to young calves), and helps educate farmers and the general public about how pain management can improve an animals' welfare.


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Dialog-Box Components in the Framework
In the MFC framework, a dialog box has two components:
A dialog-template resource that specifies the dialog box's controls and their placement.
The dialog resource stores a dialog template from which Windows creates the dialog window and displays it. The template specifies the dialog box's characteristics, including its size, location, style, and the types and positions of the dialog box's controls. You will usually use a dialog template stored as a resource, but you can also create your own template in memory.
A dialog class, derived from CDialog, to provide a programmatic interface for managing the dialog box.
A dialog box is a window and will be attached to a Windows window when visible. When the dialog window is created, the dialog-template resource is used as a template for creating child window controls for the dialog box.


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