to the C++ Standard (ISO/IEC 14882:2003).
Some compilers support
#pragma once
as an efficient alternative to include guards. It does not require to open the header file more than once, unlike traditional include guard macro in some compilers. On many modern compilers like GCC4 or MSC++2008 #pragma once will not give better compile time performance as they recognize header guards.
Known Uses
Virtually all header files in the world!
Related Idioms
References
#pragma once in Wikipedia.
Inline Guard Macro
Intent
To conveniently control inline-ness of functions using a compiler command line macro definition switch.
Also Known As
Motivation
For debugging purpose, it is often necessary to turn off inlining of functions throughout the program. But for release version, inline functions are desirable. This indicates a need of a quick way of turning inline-ness on/off as and when desired. Moreover, such functions should be defined in header files when they are inlined and otherwise should be in the source (.cpp) file. If non-inline functions are in header files, almost always it ends up creating multiple definitions of the function. On the other hand, if inline functions are not in header files then compilation units can't find them. In both the cases linker throws errors.
Therefore, a flexible way of inlining is often desirable but C++ language does not support it without some macro magic. The Inline Guard Macro idiom achieves this.
Solution and Sample Code
The solution is to put all the inline functions in a separate file called .ipp file and decorate each function with a macro INLINE. Header file and the implementation file is create as usual and the .ipp file in selectively included in one of the two files (header or implementation) depending upon whether inlining is desired. An example of a class Test is given below.
Clipboard
To do:
Identifiers with leading or double underscores are reserved for the implementation
// test.ipp file
INLINE void Test::func()
{}
// test.hpp file
#ifndef __TEST_H // Note include guards.
#define __TEST_H
class Test
{
 public:
 void func();
};
#ifdef _INLINE_
#define INLINE inline // Define INLINE as inline (the keyword)
#include "test.ipp" // It is included only when _INLINE_ is defined
#endif
#endif // __TEST_H
//test.cpp file
#include "test.hpp" // Include header file as usual.
#ifndef _INLINE_
#define INLINE // INLINE is defined as empty string
#include "test.ipp" // It is included only when _INLINE_ is NOT defined.
#endif
The effect of using Include Guard Macro is that depending upon whether _INLINE_ is defined or not, test.ipp gets merged with either test.cpp or test.hpp. When it gets merged with test.cpp, functions are not inlined because INLINE is defined as an empty string. On the other hand when test.ipp is merged with test.hpp, INLINE is defined as inline (the keyword). Now, what remains is to define _INLINE_ macro. Generally, all modern C/C++ compilers allow defining macros at command line. For example to compile the above program on gcc using inlining, -D _INLINE_ option is used. If no such macro is defined, the functions are automatically treated as non-inline and program compiles.
Known Uses
 - ACE (Adaptive Communication Environment)
 - TAO (The ACE ORB)
Related Idioms
Inner Class
Intent
 - Implementing multiple interfaces without multiple inheritance and yet provide natural looking up-casting.
 - Provide multiple implementations of the same interface in a single abstraction.
Also Known As
Motivation
Signature of a virtual function in two independent interfaces provided by two independent class libraries may collide. It is a problem especially when a single class has to implement both the colliding functions in different ways depending upon the interface you consider. For example,
class Base1 /// Provided by Moon
{
 public:
 virtual int open (int) = 0;
 /* virtual */ ~Base1() {} // No polymorphic deletion allowed
};
class Base2 /// Provided by Jupitor
{
 public:
 virtual int open (int) = 0;
 /* virtual */ ~Base2() {} // No polymorphic deletion allowed
};
class Derived : public Base1, public Base2
{
 public:
 virtual int open (int i)
 {
 // Call from which base class?
 return 0;
 }
 /* virtual */ ~Derived () {}
};
The inner class idiom can help solve this problem.
Solution and Sample Code
Leaving the interface classes, Base1 and Base2 unchanged we can implement the Derived class as follows.
#include <iostream>
class Base1 /// Provided by Moon
 {
 public:
 virtual int open() = 0;
 /* virtual */ ~Base1() {} // No polymorphic deletion allowed
};
class Base2 /// Provided by Jupitor
 {
 public:
 virtual int open() = 0;
 /* virtual */ ~Base2() {} // No polymorphic deletion allowed
};
class Derived // Note no inheritance
 {
 class Base1_Impl;
 friend class Base1_Impl;
 class Base1_Impl : public Base1 // Note public inheritance
 {
 public:
 Base1_Impl(Derived* p) : parent_(p) {}
 int open() override { return parent_->base1_open(); }
 private:
 Derived* parent_;
 } base1_obj; // Note member object here.
 class Base2_Impl;
 friend class Base2_Impl;
 class Base2_Impl : public Base2 // Note public inheritance
 {
 public:
 Base2_Impl(Derived* p) : parent_(p) {}
 int open() override { return parent_->base2_open(); }
 private:
 Derived* parent_;
 } base2_obj; // Note member object here
 int base1_open() { return 111; } /// implement
 int base2_open() { return 222; } /// implement
 public:
 Derived() : base1_obj(this), base2_obj(this) {}
 operator Base1&() { return base1_obj; } /// convert to Base1&
 operator Base2&() { return base2_obj; } /// convert to Base2&
}; /// class Derived
int base1_open(Base1& b1) { return b1.open(); }
int base2_open(Base2& b2) { return b2.open(); }
int main(void) {
 Derived d;
 std::cout << base1_open(d) << std::endl; // Like upcasting in inheritance.
 std::cout << base2_open(d) << std::endl; // Like upcasting in inheritance.
}
Note the use of conversion operators in class Derived. (Derived class is really not a derived class!) The conversion operators allow conversion of Derived to Base1 even though they don't share inheritance relationship themselves! Use of member objects base1_obj and base2_obj eliminates the concern of object lifetime. Lifetime of member objects is same as that of the Derived object.
Known Uses
Related Idioms
References
Thinking in C++ Vol 2 - Practical Programming --- by Bruce Eckel.
Int-To-Type
Intent
 - To treat an integral constant as a type at compile-time.
 - To achieve static call dispatch based on constant integral values.
Also Known As
Integral constant wrappers
Motivation
Function overloading in C++ is based on different types, which prevents compile-time integral constants taking part into function overload resolution. There are at least two different mechanisms to perform static dispatching based on integral constants. First is enable-if idiom and the other one is the int-to-type idiom described below.
Solution and Sample Code
A simple template, initially described in Dr. Dobb's Journal by Andrei Alexandrescu provides a solution to this idiom.
template <int I>
struct Int2Type
{
 enum { value = I };
};
The above template creates different types for different integer values used to instantiate the template. For example, Int2Type<5> is a different type from Int2Type<10>. Moreover, the integral parameter is saved in the associated constant value. As each integral constant results in a different type, this simple template can be used for static dispatching based on integral constants as shown below.
Consider an Array class that encapsulates a fixed size array very similar to that of the standard array class from TR1. In fact, our Array class is implemented as a derived class of the standard TR1 array class with the only difference of a sort function.
We intend to dispatch sort function at compile-time based on the size of the array to achieve some performance optimizations. For example, sorting an array of size zero or one should be a no-op. Similarly, arrays smaller than size 50 should be sorted using the insertion


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I heard that the context analysis diagram has different levels. I couldn't find this in.Net, but I have seen that a DFD has different levels.
Do context diagrams have any levels (level0, level1, level2)? If yes, please suggest some examples.
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 0 down vote accepted
The answer depends upon what type of Context Diagram you are referring to.
This diagram is the highest level view of a system.
 - IDEF0 Top Level Context Diagrams have a single top-level context diagram and then have optional 'child' diagrams below that. So the answer here would be "Yes."
The IDEF0 process starts with the identification of the prime function to be decomposed. This function is identified on a "Top Level Context Diagram," that defines the scope of the particular IDEF0 analysis.... From this diagram lower-level diagrams are generated.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
The Mexico City Mint
Estados Unidos Mexicanos Period.
The reduction of the coins in size and metal content.
(1905 to Present)
As the price of silver fluctuates, coins are accepted, rejected or hoarded. If the value of the silver content is more than its commecial value the coin is hoarded. If the value of the silver content is less than its commercial value the coin is rejected. And if the value of the silver content is equal to its commercial value the coin is accepted. The purpose of the reform act of 1905 was to replace silver as a standard of value. The 5 ¢ silver coin was replaced with a nickle coin, The silver coins were reduced in both weight and fineness. The silver content went from 0.9027 to 0.800 in 1918 and the to 0.720 from 1920 to 1945. After that the 10¢, and 20¢ coins were made of copper and the silver content, in the silver coins, went to 0.400 in 1947, 0.300 in 1950, 0._PHONE_ and by 1970 the peso was made of a copper-nickel alloy. Something similar happened in the USA, until 1963 the silver coins were 0.900 silver and in 1964, the coins were silver clad and by 1971 the were copper-nickle clad as they are today.Coins of this period

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Synonyms Card Sort
Synonyms Card Sort
This card sort activity is intended for practice identifying pairs of synonyms. The five sets of cards contain 14 cards each. The student may work on the card sort
independently or with a partner.
*Note that there is often more than one synonym for a given word. Students should choose the best match from the cards provided.
Included in this material
 - 5 sets of synonym cards (7 pairs of synonyms per set), with card set number labeled on each card
 - Answer key
 - Recording sheet
Words Used in the Sorts
Set 1
: amazing/remarkable, boring/tiresome, crazy/foolish, happy/delighted, like/enjoy, quiet/calm, speak/talk
Set 2: assist/aid, beautiful/attractive, certain/sure, change/alter, interesting/fascinating, look/watch, love/adore
Set 3: emphasize/accentuate, excellent/superior, finish/complete, main/primary, new/recent, pleasant/agreeable, small/miniature
Set 4: basic/essential, choose/select, distant/remote, imagine/ponder, make/produce, perfect/flawless, regular/routine
Set 5: available/accessible, create/establish, describe/depict, discover/explore, distribute/disburse, equivalent/tantamount, severe/harsh
Using the Card Sorts
Before use, print, laminate, and cut the cards to be used.
1. Set out the heading card for the set being used (ex: Synonyms Set 1).
2. Choose a card and place it on the work surface. Take a second card and decide if it is
a synonym for the card already out. If so, place it next to the synonym. If not, place
the card below to create a column.
3. Continue until all cards are sorted, creating pairs of synonyms. If a child is unsure of
the meaning of a word, encourage the use of a dictionary (or thesaurus).
4. Check work with the answer key.
5. Record work in a language notebook or on the included recording sheet.
Extension Activity
If desired, have students do an extension after completing the card sort. To check their
understanding, have them write an additional synonym for several of the pairs of
synonyms matched, if possible. Have thesauruses available for use as resources!
Purchase this material now through TeachersPayTeachers or Teachers Notebook!
(The Virtually Montessori store is currently under construction.)
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Recovery after stroke: the severely impaired are a distinct group
Anna K. Bonkhoff, Tom Hope, Danilo Bzdok, Adrian G. Guggisberg, Rachel L. Hawe, Sean P. Dukelow, François Chollet, David J. Lin, Christian Grefkes, Howard Bowman
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
8 Scopus citations
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Recovery after stroke: the severely impaired are a distinct group'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Keyphrases
Computer Science


text:
Professor Margo Jackson, Ph.D., is leading a university-wide collaborative project for new faculty to develop critical consciousness and skills to facilitate challenging diversity dialogues in the classroom.
The Constructive Diversity Pedagogy PAR (Participatory Action Research) with New Faculty will develop
- critical consciousness of potential blind spots;
- empathic resources for recognizing pervasive social injustice influences in our classrooms at internal, interpersonal, and contextual (environmental, structural, institutional) levels; and
- skills to constructively facilitate challenging diversity dialogues in our classrooms that include multiple voices, consider alternative perspectives, promote social justice, and expand learning.
The aim of the (PAR) project is to engage a team of faculty as participants, formative evaluators, and contributors to documenting and sharing useful results.


Geographical Range Australia
Habitat Plains
Scientific Name Macropus rufus
Conservation Status Common
Red kangaroos are the largest marsupials (pouched mammals). Female kangaroos can have three joeys (babies) "under construction" at one time -- one out of the pouch but still nursing, one in the pouch, and one as an embryo awaiting its turn.
Red kangaroos live in mobs on the plains of Australia, where they dine on grasses and leaves. Reddish-brown males and smaller grey females can cover a distance of 25 feet in one leap, often traveling as fast as 30 mph. Fighting between two males over females is common. Males use their large tails to balance as they stand upright, lock forearms and try to push their opponent with their rear legs.
Did You Know?
Baby kangaroos are the size of lima beans when they are born.


Antonio J Torija Martinez, University of Salford
These days almost everyone has either flown a drone or listened to the nasty whining sound they produce. Although small drones (up to 20kg) are about 40 decibels quieter than conventional civil aircraft, they produce a high pitched noise – which people tend to find very annoying.
Part of the problem is that drones often fly at relatively low altitudes over populated areas that are not normally exposed to aircraft noise. This is likely to lead to tensions within the exposed communities. Unquestionably, if the noise issues are not tackled appropriately, they could derail the wider adoption and commercialisation of drones and put at risk the significant societal benefits that they could bring.
To answer the first question, we investigated how a drone operation could influence the perception of a series of typical sound environments in cities. As drones cannot be flown closer to people than 50m, virtual reality techniques were used to produce highly realistic scenarios with a drone hovering in a selection of urban locations.
We are now testing a wide variety of drones, with different operating manoeuvres. We seek to better understand and predict human responses to the drone sounds and to gather meaningful evidence to further develop the regulation of the sounds they produce.
Perception-influenced engineering
Thank you for taking the time to read this article
"Make drones sound less annoying by factoring in humans at the design stage"
EUROVIBE is an online news and lifestyle outlet bringing you the news you want with all the information you need. For the widest range of news and lifestyle content remember to bookmark the EUROVIBE homepage
Celebrity Entertainment Europe


This element creates a question with two weighted answers. The text of the answers defaults to be "Yes" and "No" but can be edited to say something else, like "True" and "False." The weights default to be 1 and 0 and cannot be edited. Additional values cannot be added to the list of answers.
Step 1: Enter the question text in the text box.
Step 2:
Enter text for the two choices.
 - The choices will default to "Yes" and "No."
Step 3: Select if you would like to track the weighted values when looking for change over time.
 - For example, to monitor risk-taking behavior over time, the values can be weighted with more risky behaviors at 3 and less risky behaviors at 1 and the goal would be to track a decrease over time.
Step 4: Select if you would like to use a pseudonym.
Step 5: Select if you would like to capture one response for multiple subjects.
Step 6: Select if this question requires an answer before being saved.
Step 7 - Set the question placement options.
Step 8: Click the Save button.
Recording with this Element Type
When filling out the Yes/No element type, simply click the radio button associated with the response you would like to record.
If the response does not require an answer, you will see the button to Clear Selection. This allows you to unselect both radio buttons. Questions that require an answer will not have this Clear Selection button because the form cannot be saved if there is no answer.
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Sections
Accueil UNamur > Agenda > Modeling and Verifying Distributed and Real-Time Systems using Timed Automata with Partially Independent Clocks
événement
Modeling and Verifying Distributed and Real-Time Systems using Timed Automata with Partially Independent Clocks
Défense de thèse de James ORTIZ VEGA
Catégorie : défense de thèse
Date : 04/07/2023 14:00 - 04/07/2023 16:00
Lieu : PA01
Orateur(s) : James Ortiz Vega
Organisateur(s) : Isabelle Daelman
Distributed Real-Time Systems (DRTS) play an increasingly important role in everyday life, from traffic light controllers to airplanes, and from telecommunication networks to medical systems. In the last decades, several formal methods and real-time formalisms have been proposed to formalize and prove properties of DRTS. However, traditional real-time formalisms are not always adequate for reasoning about DRTS because they assume a unique, perfectly synchronous (Newtonian) measure of time. The most successful techniques for modeling real-time systems (RTS) are Timed Automata (TA), Event Clock Automata (ECA) and Recursive Event Clock Automata (RECA). A TA is a finite automaton augmented with real-valued clocks, where all clocks have infinite precision and are perfectly synchronized. This causes TA to have an undecidable language inclusion problem. These negative results for TA spurred the search for expressive but still fully decidable formalisms. To restore decidability, Alur et al. proposed to restrict the behavior of clocks. Thus, an event clock (EC) is reset when a given atomic proposition occurs. The values of the event clocks are deterministic, and thus Event Clock Automata (ECA) are determinizable, which makes the language inclusion decidable. There are other variants of TA called Distributed Timed Automata (DTA) and Timed Automata with Independent Clocks (icTA) proposed by Krishnan et al. and Akshay et al. to model DRTS where the clocks are not necessarily synchronized. DTA and icTA are neither determinable nor complementable, and their inclusion problems are undecidable.

In this thesis, we remove the above problems of undecidability, perfect clock synchronization, and single timestamps. We introduce three alternative semantics:

(i) Distributed Event Clocks: we propose a formal semantics for modeling DRTS based on Recursive Event Clock Automata (RECA) with such distributed (a.k.a. independent) clocks, yielding the Distributed Recursive Event Clock Automata (DECA). We will show that DECA are determinizable, i.e. closed under complementation, and that their respective language inclusion problems are decidable (more precisely, PSPACE-complete). In addition, we propose to extend the existing timed temporal logic (EventClockTL) with distributed clocks to allow the specification of distributed and timed temporal properties. This gives us the Distributed (Recursive) Event Clock Temporal Logic (DECTL), which we show to be PSPACE-complete for the satisfiability and validity problems.
(ii) Multiple Independent Clocks: we extend the standard semantics of TA and timed bisimulation to include the notion of multiple independent clocks. Therefore, we extend the Timed Labelled Transition Systems (TLTS) and icTA semantics to work with the notion of multi-timed words. Therefore, we propose a new real-time formalism called Multi-timed Automata (MTA) based on icTA. We also propose a timed modal logic with independent local clocks, which leads to the (multi-timed) modal logic MLν. We extend the classical theory of timed bisimulation with the new notion of multi-timed bisimulation and MTA. We show that multi-timed bisimulation is decidable (more precisely, EXPTIME-complete). Furthermore, we propose an efficient algorithm for multi-timed bisimulation using refinement techniques.
(iii) Distributed Clock Derivatives: We extend the semantics of TA to include the notion of distributed clock derivatives. Therefore, we extend the semantics of TA and Lν to work with the notion of multi-timed words, yielding the (derivative) multi-timed modal logic DMLν and Timed Automata with Clock Derivatives (DMTA). We show that (derivative) multi-timed bisimulation is decidable (more precisely, EXPTIME-complete). Furthermore, we propose an efficient algorithm for (derivative) multi-timed bisimulation using refinement techniques.Keywords: Formal Verification, Model Checking, Timed Automata, Timed Temporal Logics, Timed Bisimulation

Keywords: Formal Verification, Model Checking, Timed Automata, Timed Temporal Logics, Timed Bisimulation.

Pour toute inscription:
_URL_
Contact : Isabelle Daelman - _EMAIL_
Télecharger : vCal


text:
Along the northern bank of the Tagus River lies this large stone monument celebrating Portugal's Age of Discovery and sitting on the location that ships bound for Asia used to depart from in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was constructed for the Portuguese World Fair in 1940, inaugurated in 1960 upon the anniversary of Henry the Navigator's death, and has been a Cultural Center of Discovery since 1985. The monument depicts 33 sculpted historical figures including explorers, monarchs, artists and missionaries, all led by Henry the Navigator at the front. The figures are spread along both sides of a ship, intentionally looking forward and facing the sea.
Outside of viewing the monument itself, there is a large marble wind rose embedded in the pavement containing a world map that illustrates the locations of Portugal's various explorations. There is also a museum with exhibition rooms in the monument, with panoramic views of Lisbon and the Tagus River from its rooftop.


Homeowners report that painting a home's exterior costs an average of $2,911 with a typical range between $1,735 and $4,104. The average price per square foot ranges from $0.50 to $3.50 depending on your location, condition of your exterior and accessibility. Stucco and brick cost an average of $1 per square foot more than vinyl or wood. The average 2,500 square feet home costs an average of $4,000, though it can range from $1,250 to $8,750. House Painting Thornton
In issue #28 of Garth Ennis's comics series Preacher, Jesse Custer is sitting in front of the painting in the MoMA, examining it. In issue #43, the story of which is titled "Christina's World", Jesse relates his visit to the museum to his mother, Christina L'Angell, who explains to him that when she first discovered the painting in a book, she thought Wyeth had painted her own life. In addition, the cover to issue #43 by artist Glenn Fabry is a variation of Christina's World, with Christina in the role of Anna Christina Olson. House Painting Thornton
The woman in the painting is Anna Christina Olson (3 May 1893 – 27 January 1968). She probably suffered from Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, a genetic polyneuropathy.[2][3] Wyeth was inspired to create the painting when he saw her crawling across a field while he was watching from a window in the house. He had a summer home in the area and was on friendly terms with Olson, using her and her younger brother as the subjects of paintings from 1940 to 1968. Olson was the inspiration and subject of the painting but she was not the primary model; Wyeth's wife Betsy posed as the torso of the painting. Olson was 55 at the time that Wyeth created the work.[4]
Exterior paint prep projects often involve multi-story work. This means you're going to need a ladder or even a scaffold to boost your reach while supporting you safely. Setting up a ladder or scaffold outside is trickier than an interior application. This is because you'll need to take the stability of the ground into account. A ladder which stands steady on a concrete driveway may sink into soft dirt as soon as you put your weight onto it. Or even worse: that ladder may not move at all until you're 10 feet or more in the air.


Johnny Leach obituary
English table tennis champion with a huge influence on his sport
Johnny Leach.
Johnny Leach held sway during the 1950s and 60s when table tennis was one of Britain's most popular sports. Photograph: S&G and Barratts/Empics
For many years Johnny Leach, who has died aged 91, was synonymous with English table tennis. Both in his prime as a player, in the immediate postwar years, and subsequently as an ambassador, promoter, administrator, businessman and talent-spotter, his impact on the sport was immense. Leach held sway in an age when table tennis could claim to be the most popular participation sport in the UK. It was played everywhere: youth clubs and youth hostels, working men's clubs, works canteens, church halls and of course homes. If you could not afford the folding table from Woolworths, you simply bought the net and stretched it across the kitchen table.
Throughout the 1950s and 60s, the sport had a heady time of it. Chester Barnes, the controversial genius of the sport, and one of the players discovered by Leach's talent programme, recalled playing at the Wembley Arena in front of crowds of 10,000. "When Johnny was at his peak, they even had an act at the London Palladium. You couldn't imagine that now, could you?" said Barnes.
Born in Bow, in the East End of London, and brought up in Dagenham, Essex, Johnny was the son of Emma and her husband Jim, a manager at British Ropes, south of the Thames in Woolwich. Johnny played on the table in the works canteen there and set about pursuing junior titles, with his father's encouragement, at the age of 17, making him something of a late starter for the sport.
By that time, the second world war was under way, and he served with the Royal Air Force in Northern Ireland. With the serendipity that can shape a career, Leach discovered two international players, Jack Carrington and Ron Crayden, who were also stationed there, and they practised together. Leach maintained that he did not know how good he was until competition proper resumed after hostilities ceased.
The war had inadvertently bolstered English table tennis, with the arrival of the players Victor Barna and Richard Bergmann, from Hungary and Austria respectively. Both had been world champions in the 30s, and while in 1946 Barna was approaching the veteran stage, Bergmann, a brilliant defensive player, was at his peak. By 1947, Leach was in the mix too, reaching the semi-final of the world championships in Paris. The next four years were the halcyon days of English table tennis.
Bergmann won the world title at Wembley in 1948; Leach won the title in Stockholm the following year (to become only the second homegrown British world champion after Fred Perry in 1929); and then it was back to Bergmann in 1950, and Leach for his second title in 1951. Gaumont British News filmed Leach's arrival home from those championships in Stockholm, stepping down from a KLM Dakota with fellow world champions Diane and Rosalind Rowe, the twins who won the women's doubles. The scene was shown in cinemas across the country.
Though it seemed unlikely at the time, for Leach was only 28, that would be his last individual world title and the last by an English player. Twelve months later in Bombay, the Japanese player Hiroji Satoh opened his bat case and changed the sport forever. His thick sponge-covered bat used with a penholder grip imparted so much spin on the ball, and was so quiet, that the hard-bat players, with their pimpled rubber on wood, were no match. Satoh, in his first world championship, became Japan's first world champion in any sport.
Leach tried the new bats, but could not get on with them. Nevertheless, he had an illustrious swansong, winning the Swaythling Cup, the world team championship, in 1953 with Bergmann also in the team, and he would continue to compete internationally until 1959 and nationally until 1965, winning his last crown in the men's doubles at the national championships in 1964 with David Creamer.
Leach was not only a player. Involved with almost every aspect of the sport, he became a vice-president of the English Table Tennis Association, now Table Tennis England (1964), and then president (_PHONE_); he had a job with the table tennis manufacturers SW Hancock, a company he would later buy; and in the 1960s he established an ambitious talent-spotting programme with Butlins holiday camps, which discovered more than 50 international players.
He was appointed MBE in 1966, and his reputation preceded him everywhere he went. "He had respect all over the world. As soon as people knew that Johnny was coming with you, you had the best treatment, the best hotels,the best everything," said Barnes.
Leach married his wife, Daisy, in 1946. She died in 2009, as did a son, John, last year. He is survived by another son, Jeff, two granddaughters and two grandsons.
John Alfred Leach, table tennis player and entrepreneur, born 20 November 1922; died 5 June 2014


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payable if such land reverts to any other use.
 10. all instruments with respect to licences of business activities of an export processing zone enterprise licenced under the Export Processing Zones Act (Cap. 517);
 11. The sale conveyance, transfer or issue of shares, preferred shares, stocks, warrants or similar capital market instruments which are listed and transacted on the Nairobi Stock Exchange or other securities exchange approved under the Capital Markets Authority Act (Cap. 485A). (2) The exemption conferred by this section on the Government extends to the Community and to the Corporations within the Community.
Other General exemptions
 1. Acknowledgement of Debt
 2. Adoption Deed.
 3. Affidavit or Statutory Declaration.
 4. Agreement relating to the sale of a Government security or share in an incorporated company or other body corporate.
 5. Apprenticeship Deed.
 6. Authority to adopt.
 7. Bill of Lading.
 8. Certificate of shares or share certificate.
 9. Charter Party. (12) Delivery Order.
 10. Instrument of Divorce. (14) Letter of Allotment of shares.
 11. Letter of License, that is to say, an agreement between a debtor and his creditors that the creditors shall for a specified period suspend their claims and allow the debtor to carry on business at his own discretion.
 12. Notarial Act.
 13. Note of Protest by Master of ship.
 14. Protest by ship Master.
 15. Shipping Order.
How to apply for an exemption from stamp duty
Though an exemption is provided for by law, it is not automatic. The would-be payer of stamp duty must apply for it. The application for exemption is accompanied by supporting documents such as:
 1. A certificate of incorporation or identity card of the transferee
 2. If transferee is a company, a current cr12
 3. An affidavit by the transferor that the transferee is owned by a family or members of the same family. The affidavit must make reference to verifiable copies of documents which show the degree of consanguinity of the transferor and the transferee such as birth certificates and marriage certificate. The affidavit must also state the law relied upon to make the application.
 4. Transferee's PIN certificate
 5. A duly executed transfer form
 6. Copy of the title to the property
Upon satisfaction of the minister, an exemption certificate is granted. An exemption certificate, upon presentment at the relevant land registry will be exempted from payment of stamp duty.
So, before you transfer that property, seek advice from us on how to go about it. You never know, you may be exempted from one of the certainties of this life, tax. So, does Wasike qualify for an exemption from stamp duty?
This article appears in our digital law newsletter, The Deuteronomy Vol 7, Issue 1 of July 7th, 2017
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Wed November 28, 2012
Milk: Symbol Of Purity, Symbol Of Conflict
Originally published on Wed November 28, 2012 12:19 pm
Earlier this week, European Union dairy farmers decided to protest milk price controls by spraying police with high-pressure hoses filled with milk. It certainly wasn't the first time that food has been both subject and symbol of unrest (see food riots). But this one stands out because of the dramatic images.
According to Reuters, hundred of farmers blocked traffic with tractors along some of Brussels' busiest streets and aimed hoses at the Parliament building. Naturally, police and passersby got showers they were not expecting. Afterward, the farmers set fire to barrels of hay and piles of tires. Says Reuters:
"The European Milk Board, which coordinated the two-day protest, said prices with current quotas were putting small farmers out of business. In Belgium, for example, the board said the wholesale price for a quarter gallon of milk was around 34 cents, but the cost of producing it is more than 50 cents."
For more amazing photos of the EU milk protest, check out NBC News' PhotoBlog post.
While food has often been hurled in protest — think rotten tomatoes, rotten eggs, etc. — milk may be a particularly poignant choice because of our complex relationship with it.
As historian Deborah Valenze notes in her book Milk: A Local and Global History, "Milk, a liquid associated with kindness and love, has never been free from conflict throughout history."
We've wavered between milk reverence and milk revulsion for much of our history, she says. It's a first food, it's nutrient-dense, and yet, when not stored in the right conditions, it can make us sick.
Dairy was once banned from ancient Greek diets — it was considered too bestial in origin for sophisticated wannabe urbanites, Valenze writes. Later, in a backlash against urbanism, Renaissance scholar Laura Cereta "seized upon milk en route to one of her favorite causes: the virtue of rural simplicity over the worldly arrogance built into life in the city," writes Valenze.
These days, we Westerners still equate milk and milk products with wholesomeness and nature, even as some of us wrestle with lactose intolerance. At the same time, its production has become supremely industrialized in the past 100 years, and various governments have intervened in its sale for both safety and supply reasons, causing protests of all kinds.
For a brief history of other food fights, check out our post from earlier this year about flying tacos and yogurt.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Despite its growing importance, women are highly underrepresented in Sri Lanka's tourism sector, with females accounting for less than 10% of the workforce. Moreover, female enrollment in hotel schools in Sri Lanka is disturbingly low. These figures do not bode well in the context of a growing sector and the country's already low female labour force participation rate. Within Sri Lanka's hospitality sector, men are found to outnumber women in all occupational categories, except for Guest Relations and Front Office staff and Marketing functions. Thus, attracting more women into the sector will help to address the growing labour shortage, a crucial deterrent to the industry's growth.
Tourism is the third largest revenue earner for Sri Lanka, accounting for US$ 3.5 billion in 2016. With the rise of informal accommodation, there have been both challenges and opportunities in the industry. This blog argues that registering and regulating the informal sector is necessary to create a level playing field in the industry, to maintain standards, and to encourage small service providers.
This article explores the environmental, community and sustainability aspects of the new star rating system of registered hotels in Sri Lanka and how the hotels can benefit from this system.
Good Environmental Management Practices in the Hotel Industry in Sri Lanka: Determinants and Barriers
With the tourism sector in Sri Lanka recording remarkable growth, it is imperative to ensure that this growth is environmentally sustainable. Are hotels in Sri Lanka adopting good environmental management practices?

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Electric shock for controlled release
25 May 2006
US biomedical engineers have used gold electrodes to improve the method for controlled release of biomolecules. They say the method is a marked improvement on current technologies, giving greater control over when, where and how many biomolecules are released.
The team at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, led by Peter Searson, used thiol linkages to cover gold electrodes with a self-assembling layer of amine groups. They used a variable length spacer molecule to attach a suitable receptor molecule to a terminal succinimide group, which naturally binds to the amine groups. Finally, they attached the biomolecule to the receptor molecule.
Applying a current to the gold electrodes reduced the thiol, breaking the bond with the electrode and releasing the entire molecular chain, including the biomolecule. Using the protein biotin (which binds strongly with the protein avidin) as the receptor and coupling this with fluorescently-labelled avidin as the biomolecule, Searson's team showed they could release avidin from individual electrodes on command.
They also found they could release polystyrene nanoparticles on command, by either binding them to avidin or directly to the succinimide groups.
The researchers are now exploring the full potential of this new technique. 'We are working on developing a deeper scientific understanding of the fundamental processes and we are also exploring specific applications,' Searson told Chemistry World.
Other biomedical researchers praised the research. Thomas Webster, associate professor of biomedical engineering at Brown University, Providence, US, called it 'a beautiful example of nanomedicine research'. Tony Cass, deputy director of the Institute of Biomedical Engineering at Imperial College, London, said: 'Applications of this technology could include drug delivery and microinjection of proteins, nucleic acids or nanoparticles into cells.'
P Mali et al, Nano Letters (DOI: 10.1021/nl0609302)


Individuals who own real property maintain a number of rights with regard to that ownership. One of these rights is to convey what is known as a life estate to another person. A life estate is created by the person owning the property (sometimes known as the "grantor"), given to the recipient ("grantee").
Typically, the property is given for the remainder of the grantee's lifetime. When the grantee dies, the property reverts back to the grantor.
How is a Life Estate Created?
The requirements for life estate creation are simple. The grantor must create a written document. In the document, the grantor indicates they are conveying the property for the length of someone else's life. Generally, the writing takes the form of the following language: "I, Smith, convey my real property to Jones for life." The writing, whose exact language requirements may differ between states, is typically contained in a deed or a will
How is the Length of a Life Estate Measured?
The most common type of life estate (the one created by word such as "To Jones for life,") is measured by the recipient's life. When Jones (the life tenant) dies, Smith has the right of reversion. That is, upon Jones' death, the property reverts back to Smith. If, at that point, Smith is dead, the property goes to Smith's heirs.
Some life estates are known as life estates pur autre vie. "Pur autre vie" means "by someone else's life." These life estates are created, again, by a grantor conveying the property to another, i.e., "To A," but A's lifetime is not the "measuring stick" for how long A holds the life estate. Rather, another person's lifetime is. A life estate pur autre vie typically reads, "I, Smith, convey the property to Jones for the life of Green."
Therefore, it is when Green dies, not when Jones dies, that Jones' life estate terminates. At that time, the property reverts to Smith. Green, in this scenario, is referred to as the "measuring life," because Green's life serves as the measurement of the duration of Jones' life estate.
What are the Obligations of a Life Tenant?
A life tenant, during the duration of the life estate, is generally entitled to all uses and profits from the land. Since, however, the life tenant does not have any rights to transfer the property when the life tenant dies, the life tenant may not commit waste. There are three kinds of waste. The first is referred to as voluntary or affirmative waste. This is any act that causes the property to lose value.
A life tenant may also generally not commit "permissive waste". That is, the life tenant may not neglect the obligation to keep the premises in reasonably good repair.
There is a third type of waste, known as "ameliorative waste". To commit ameliorative waste is to engage in acts that will enhance the property's value. The rules on ameliorative waste differ between states. Some states require that any property changes may only be made with the consent of the grantor or anyone else who may have an interest in the property.
Other states are more lenient. In these states, the life tenant can make reasonable improvements, provided the grantor or anyone else with an interest in the estate ("remaindermen") do not object.
In addition to the duties to not commit waste, the life tenant has other duties. Generally, these duties include ensuring all ordinary taxes on the land are paid, to the extent of income or profits from the land. The life tenant's duties also include ensuring that real estate taxes are paid, and protecting the property from liens or other encumbrances. These obligations exist so that the rights of those who will own the property subsequent to the life tenant's ownership, are not impaired.
How is a Life Estate Terminated?
A life estate can be terminated upon the death of the tenant. In a pur autre vie life estate, the estate terminates upon the death of the measuring life.
Life estates can also be cut short. This can happen in several ways, such as:
 - The life tenant commits impermissible waste;
 - The life tenant violates a condition attached to the life estate. Grantors may attach written conditions to the conveyance of a life estate, provided the conditions are not unlawful. For example, a life estate conveyance may read, "To Jones for life, provided Jones keeps the inground swimming pool located on the premises in good repair." Here, Joe has a life estate, and will maintain that life estate, so long as Jones abides by the condition.
Should I Seek Legal Counsel Regarding a Life Estate?
An experienced real estate lawyer can advise you as to how to create a life estate by helping to draft the needed documents. The lawyer can also advise you if you are a life tenant, as to your rights and obligations with respect to the property.


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An offshore wind power facility in Fujian province uses the spare space at its base to raise fish. It's part of an innovative effort to boost green development in the ocean.
The facility, which is called "Guoneng Sharing", is located in Putian and is the world's first integrated design combining deep-sea floating wind power and aquaculture.
It consists of a floating platform, a 4-megawatt wind turbine and a mooring and anchoring system. The floating platform is a semisubmersible structure with three columns in the shape of an equilateral triangle with a height of 28 meters and a draft of 14 meters.
Inside the triangle is a net cage for aquaculture. The volume of water used for fish farming is 10,000 cubic meters, enough to raise medium-sized fish fry for more than a year.
To maintain safe and stable operations at sea, the platform is moored with nine anchor chains, each approximately 431 meters long, with each column connected to three mooring cables.
"We chose Putian because it has rich wind resources. Now the equipment is being adjusted and tested. It is expected to generate power around the end of this year," said Feng Xiaoxing, deputy chief engineer of Jiangsu Longyuan Zhenhua Marine Engineering Co, which developed the facility.


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One of art of music originated from Java Indonesia culture is gamelan. Gamelan instruments is a music ensemble (a group of people which plays music instrument or sings) which emphasize on kendang (drum with skin membrane), gong (a large metal disk that makes a resounding sound when struck), metalofon, and gambang (one of javanese gamelan instruments made from 18 slice of woods, played by hit the slices with certain stick).
Based on java mythology, there was a god conquered the whole java island and his palace is in lawu mountain in central java. To call the gods, he invented gong, and finally it form a set of a complete one.
At the beginning, Indonesian gamelan instruments are made based on relief on Borobudur temple in the 8th century. In the relief, there are some musical instrument consist of kendang, suling (flute made from bamboo), kecapi, and bell. Since, the said music instruments became the music instruments in Javanese gamelan music.
The javanese gamelan term refers to equipment or intruments and it's a one unity which played together. Gamelan comes from Javanese words, gamel, means to hit/to play. This verb is added with suffix –an and changed into noun, gamelan. Gamelan mainly made from wood and gangsa (a kind of metal mixed with copper or tin). A set of gamelan usually consist of kendang, bonang, gender, gambang, suling, siter, clempung, slenthem, demung, saron, kenong, kethuk, japan, kempyang, kempul, peking and gong.
In Indonesia gamelan orchestra can be found in java island, Madura, bali and Lombok island, with various size and ensemble. The term gong is synonymous with gamelan word for Bali and Lombok Island.
Gamelan in java not only played to escort art of voice (singing), dancing, or in puppet performance (wayang) only, but it also played in formal royal ceremony in javanese culture. Especially if there is royal family member who hold a Javanese traditional wedding. Javanese will play gamelan when the wedding occurs.
Gamelan music in java area itself is called karawitan. Karawitan is a term to title a soft gamelan music song. Karawitan arts which uses gamelan in the art of dancing and singing such as singing art consist of sinden, gerong, sendon and celuk. Art of puppetries (wayang) consists of leather puppet (wayang kulit), klithik puppets (wayang klithik), beber puppets (wayang beber) and so on. And the last one is dancing, such as srimpi dance, bedaya, golek, wireng and pethilan dance.
The way to adjust tones and the producing of gamelan can be concluded to be complex. There are four ways of adjusting tones, first is slendro. Slendro is one between two scaled of tones. This scale is more understandable than in pelog.
Secondly is pelog. Pelog is one of two scales, uses in original Bali and Javanese gamelan. Musical chord of pelog can be made by combining the 4th perfect interval with other wider intervals. Musical chord of pelog consists of seven different tones. The all seven are, 'barang, dada, nem, gulu, lima, nem and pelog'.
The third is degung, and the fourth is madenda. It is the same with original minor music scale.
Though gamelan music widely developed in Java Island, but in some area Indonesian gamelan instruments also exists. In Banjar, Kalimantan island, there are two types of gamelan, Banjar gamelan palace version, and common people version. Bali also has gamelan, which the metal used are thicker metal so the sound produced is more shrill. Bali gamelan characteristic is kind of cymbal called ceng-ceng. This ceng-ceng that creats shrill and fast voice.


Impact of MapReduce Policies on Job Completion Reliability and Job Energy Consumption
Jia Chun Lin, Fang Yie Leu, Ying-ping Chen
研究成果: Article同行評審
9 引文 斯高帕斯（Scopus）
Recently, MapReduce has been widely employed by many companies/organizations to tackle data-intensive problems over a large-scale MapReduce cluster. To solve machine/node failure which is inevitable in a MapReduce cluster, MapReduce employs several policies, such as input-data replication and intermediate-data replication policies. To speed up job execution, MapReduce allows reduce tasks to early fetch their required intermediate data. However, the impact of these policy combinations on the job completion reliability (JCR for short) and job energy consumption (JEC for short) of a MapReduce cluster was not clear, where JCR is the reliability with which a MapReduce job can be completed by the cluster, whereas JEC is the energy consumed by the cluster to complete the job. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the JCR and JEC of a MapReduce cluster on four policy combinations (POCs for short) derived from two typical intermediate-data replication policies and two typical reduce-task assignment policies. The four POCs are further compared in extensive scenarios, which not only consider jobs at different scales with various parameters, but also give a MapReduce cluster two extreme parallel execution capabilities and diverse bandwidths. The analytical results enable MapReduce managers to comprehend how these POCs impact the JCR and JEC of a cluster and then select an appropriate POC based on the characteristics of their own MapReduce jobs and clusters.
頁（從 - 到）_PHONE_
期刊IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
出版狀態Published - 1 五月 2015
指紋 深入研究「Impact of MapReduce Policies on Job Completion Reliability and Job Energy Consumption」主題。共同形成了獨特的指紋。


text:
Our previous work showed that for catalytic alkylation of m-cresol with tert-butanol (TBA) SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids exhibited several characteristic advantages over conventional catalysts. This work investigated the reaction mechanism of the alkylation of m-cresol with tert-butanol catalyzed by the SO3H-functionalized ionic liquid (IL) through quantum chemical calculation in combination with the experimental studies. The experimental results showed that 2-tert-butyl-5-methyl phenol (2-TBC), 4-tert-butyl-3-methyl phenol (4-TBC) and tert-butyl-m-cresol ether (TBMCE) products were all primary products, while 2,6-di-tert-butyl-3-methyl phenol (2,6-DTBC) was a secondary product. The calculation results indicated that the selectivities of the products depended on the fundamental natures of the reactive sites, including the orbital overlap, the Coulomb and the steric effect in the interaction between the tert-butyl ion ([t-C4H9]+) and the m-cresol; the TBMCE was dynamically favored but not thermodynamically stable, while the C-alkylated products, especially 2-TBC, were the thermodynamically preferred products; the IL played an important role in generating the [t-C4H9]+from the TBA and the final products from the intermediates. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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When a generic function is called with particular arguments, it must determine the code to execute. This code is called the effective method for those arguments. The effective method is a combination of the applicable methods in the generic function that calls some or all of the methods.
If a generic function is called and no methods are applicable, the generic function no-applicable-method is invoked, with the results from that call being used as the results of the call to the original generic function. Calling no-applicable-method takes precedence over checking for acceptable keyword arguments; see Section 7.6.5 (Keyword Arguments in Generic Functions and Methods).
When the effective method has been determined, it is invoked with the same arguments as were passed to the generic function. Whatever values it returns are returned as the values of the generic function.
188.8.131.52 Determining the Effective Method
184.108.40.206 Standard Method Combination
220.127.116.11 Declarative Method Combination
18.104.22.168 Built-in Method Combination Types


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What is Piezoelectric-Light?
Triboluminescence (TRI-bow-loom-en-NES-ence) is a light producing phenomenon that occurs when striking or rubbing two pieces of piezo-electric material together. The most common materials that exhibit triboluminescence are quartz and quartzite, rose quartz. We call these Flash Rocks. They are really quartz specimens that are translucent rather than transparent, with minimal fractures throughout the rock.
Demonstrating Piezoelectric-Light phenomenon is easy with Flash Rocks. Take the rock specimens into a dark room. Wait a minute for your eyes to become dark adapted, then strike the specimens together quickly. At the point of impact you should see a light flash. Continued striking of the rocks will continue to produce light flashes.
You can also play with triboluminescence using wintergreen-flavored Lifesavers (TM) candy. In a dark room, place the candy between the jaws of a pliers and crush it. You will see a bright flash. Crush the remaining pieces in a mortar and pestle for another visual effect. This is the most scientific method, and the best method for amazing your friends and kids with your knowledge of Triboluminescence and Piezoelectric-Light. Some people just like to bite down on them between their teeth and see the sparks fly. Don't bite down on Flash Rocks.
Exactly how Flash Rocks produce their light flashes hasn't been exactly determined. One theory is that the impact causes electrons to jump to a higher energy shell. When the electrons jump back to the original shell orbit they release energy that creates the light. Try your own experiments and maybe you can solve this mystery.
Packaged in three bags, two rocks per bag.


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Making Homelessness Applications for Single Refugees
When receiving leave to remain, refugees commonly become homeless.
With demand for housing high, it can be difficult to prove that individuals have a priority need for accommodation. Yet many single refugees suffer from mental and physical health conditions that make them more vulnerable. If this vulnerability is exacerbated by being homeless, councils may have a duty to house them.
Providing an overview of how to support single refugees through a homelessness application, the training will include:
- Understanding what duties councils have towards homeless applicants
- How to support refugees to make a homelessness application
- When and how to challenge homelessness decisions


Application Notes
Here Kingfisher's experienced engineers share their experience in best practices and procedures for fiber optic testing related mostly to installation and maintenance. We hope that by sharing our knowledge, we will help grow our industry. Please enjoy & pass on these notes. Alternatively, browse Standards related Test Procedures, Equipment & Reporting
Decibel dBm definition
Most communication systems (human speech, sonar, microwave, radio, co-ax, fiber optics, twisted pair etc) are simply described in terms of:
 - Transmitter power
 - Transmission path degradation
 - Receiver sensitivity (power)
It is therefore quite natural that communications engineers should use a system of units and measurements that enables these three elements to be easily defined and calculated.
Note that transmitter power and receiver sensitivity are absolute power levels (e.g. Watts or dBm), whereas the transmission path degradation is a relative value (e.g. % signal reduction or dB), which is generally independent of the actual power level involved. Path degradation may involve a combination of factors, such as attenuation and dispersion. No-attenuation factors such as dispersion are often summarized as a simple "equivalent loss" penalty, so they can be treated in the same way,
The universal measurement system adopted for this purpose is the Decibel, which is a logarithmic unit. The decibel unit allows these 3 system parameters to be easily calculated by addition and subtraction, rather than multiplication and division.
Example
How this makes calculations simple is shown in an example of a fiber optic transmission system:
Absolute power levels in this example are expressed in dBm and generally refer to input and output power levels. The 'm' refers to the reference level used, in this case mW (milli Watts).
The reference level for optical systems is usually 1 mW, since the absolute transmitter power is often about this power level, making it a convenient stating point. A value of 0 dBm is 1 mW.
Let's look at the allowable loss budget for a typical system, typically taken the equipment data sheet:

Emitter power
-4 dBm
Receiver sensitivity
-27 dBm

Allowable degradation, or loss budget: -4 -27 = 23 dB.
Note that "loss" really means "negative" so a loss of 23 dB means -23 dB allowable loss.
(A negative loss would be a gain)
Signal attenuation in this example is defined in dB units and generally refers to transmission path losses (Lossy transmission path)
Let's look at the measured loss of 3 actual fiber lengths joined up:

Signal decrease of 1st fiber section
7.3 dB
Signal decrease of 2nd section
4.8 dB
Signal decrease of 3rd section
6.9 dB

So the measured transmission degradation of the complete link is 7.3 + 4.8 + 6.9 = 19 dB
Figure A1-1, Adding the loss of fiber optic spans

Therefore, spare system margin
-19 - (-23) = 4 dB?

In this example system, if the measured transmission loss is 19 dB, then you'd think that the spare system margin is 4 dB.
However, some allowance must be made for measuring uncertainties. Suppose the power and loss test accuracy is plus or minus 0.41 dB (e.g. 10%) for each of the 2 absolute power measurements, and each of the 3 loss measurements, then that's 5 lots of 0.41 dB uncertainty, This is where the maths gets a bit difficult, since dB uncertainties do not just add and, and in any case linear uncertainties are most easily added using an rms method.
Here is a summary of wrong and right maths results:
 - Wrong! Uncertainty = 5 x 0.41 dB = 2.05 dB
 - Wrong! Uncertainty = "rms of 5 x .41 dB" = 0.92 dB (not very far off)
 - Wrong! Uncertainty = 5 x 10 % = 50 % = 1.76 dB
 - Right! Uncertainty = "rms of 5 x 10 %" = 22.4 % = 0.88 dB
So in this case, the system margin can be stated as 4 - 0.88 = 3.12 dB with 95% confidence
You can see here how test uncertianty can eat into precious system margin!
Note there are a few ways to "correctly" calculate uncertainty. The most recent one is the Welch-Satterthwaite equation; however this is more complex and beyond this article. It is used in calibration laboratories and may result in slightly smaller uncertainty values. The traditional RMS method shown here is more readily understood and is quite adequate for most purposes.
So test accuracy is important to reduce measurement uncertainty. Improved test accuracy results directly in allowing more variability in acceptance criteria. For example, an allowable measured margin of 3.12 dB in the above case might not be acceptable, resulting in increased rework.
The definition of the dBm unit is:
dB = 10 log10 (P1P2)
where...
P1 = Measured power level (e.g in Watts)
P2 = Reference power level (e.g in Watts)
P2 is fixed (typically at 1 milliwatt) for dBm
If P2 is not fixed, this is also known as the 'decibel (or dB) definition'.
A simple dBm/dB calculator:
Calculation type
P1 (Measured):
P2 (Reference):
dB: 3
Some sample values:
dBm Power unit mW power unit dBm Power unit mW power unit
+20 100 mW -30 1 µW
+10 10 mW -40 100 nW
0 1 mW -50 10 nW
-10 100 µW -60 1 nW
-20 10 µW -70 100 pW
For relative dB measurements, P2 is arbitrarily defined by the user:
dB Relative value dB Relative value
+20 x100 102 -30 /1,000 10-3
+10 x 10 101 -40 /10,000 10-4
0 x 1 100 -50 /100,000 10-5
-10 /10 10-1 -60 /1 million 10-6
-20 /100 10-2 -70 /10 million 10-7

The dBm decibels unit also has the following useful attributes:
 - It reduces large numbers to a convenient size (e.g. -70 dB = 1/10,000,000).
 - It offers constant resolution for a given number of decimal places, which improves calculation confidence. 0.1 dB gives 2.3 % resolution. 0.01 dB gives 0.23 % resolution.
 - It is a universal unit that an engineer can apply to any communications link.
How much dBm / dB measurement resolution do I need?
Meters are available with resolution ranging from 0.1 to 0.001 dB / dBm, with cost differences to match:
0.001 dBm / dB (0.023%) resolution may be occasionally useful in carefully controlled laboratory conditions, with an expert user. Absolute optical power standards are now accruate to about 0.2%.
0.1 dB (2.3%) resolution may not be enough. This performance is often adequate to measure absolute power levels but cannot measure connector or splice loss with sufficient precision, since the measurement uncertainty involved is larger than the expected test value. Uncertainty must be in excess of ± 0.14 dB (e.g. ± 1 digit, over 2 measurements).
0.01 dB (0.23%) resolution is ideal for most work on fibre systems. It is for this reason that Kingfisher instruments generally provide a resolution of 0.01 dB.
Calculating dBm measurement uncertainty
To calculate the total measurement uncertainty, the following rules are handy:
Linear uncertainty can be added using the RMS method. For example the total of 3 uncertainties of 4 %, 3 % and 2 %, = √(42 + 32 + 22 ) = 5.4 % (not 9 %).
However dBm / dB uncertainty values must be converted to linear values and then averaged using the above method.
In practice, this inconvenience can often be avoided by use of a "decibel math" rule of thumb as follows:
If the 2nd highest logarithmic value is less than 80% of the highest value, the uncertainty is approximated to the largest value.
If the 2nd highest value is over 80% of the highest value, multiply the highest value by 1.4 for the combined figure.
In practical situations, one or two uncertainty figures tend to dominate the others. Here are some examples:
Three different uncertainty values of 0.3 dB, 0.2 dB, 0.1 dB, give a combined uncertainty of 0.35 dB. The error in ignoring the lower values is only 0.05 dB.
Two similar uncertainty values of 0.3 and 0.29 dB, give a combined uncertainty of 0.39 dB. The approximated figure is 0.42 dB, out by only 0.03 dB.
Five different uncertainty values of 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, ,0.09, 0.05 dB give a combined uncertainty of 0.42 dB. This is within 0.02 dB of the approximated figure of 0.4 dB.
dB averaging
Within the telecommunications industry, link attenuation is commonly calculated by averaging a bi-directional measurement. There are various reasons given for this, but the most important practical reasons are that this method eliminates meter calibration errors and minimizes the effects of source drift. This is of course simple stuff; however the hidden flaw is that it is mathematically incorrect for logarithmic or dB units to be treated this way. The correct method is to first convert to linear, then average and finally convert back to dB. Further


text:
Salar de Uyuni Magical realism in the Bolivian Altiplano.
Salar de Uyuni (or Salar de Tunupa) is the world's largest salt flat at 10,582 square kilometers (4,086 sq mi).
It is located in the Potosí and Oruro departments in southwest Bolivia, near the crest of the Andes, and is at an elevation of 3,656 meters (11,995 ft) above mean sea level.
The Salar was formed as a result of transformations between several prehistoric lakes. It is covered by a few meters of salt crust, which has an extraordinary flatness with the average altitude variations within one meter over the entire area of the Salar.
The crust serves as a source of salt and covers a pool of brine, which is exceptionally rich in lithium. It contains 50 to 70% of the world's lithium reserves, which is in the process of being extracted. The large area, clear skies and the exceptional flatness of the surface make the Salar an ideal object for calibrating the altimeters of Earth observation satellites.
The Salar serves as the major transport route across the Bolivian Altiplano and is a major breeding ground for several species of pink flamingos. Salar de Uyuni is also a climatological transitional zone, for towering tropical cumulus congestus and cumulus incus clouds that form in the eastern part of the massive salt flat during the summer, cannot permeate beyond the salt flat's considerably more arid western edges, near the Chilean border and the Atacama Desert.
The geological history of the Salar is associated with a sequential transformation between several vast lakes. Some 30,000–42,000 years ago, the area was part of a giant prehistoric lake, Lake Minchin. Its age was estimated from radiocarbon dating of shells from outcropping sediments and carbonate reefs and varies between reported studies.
Lake Minchin (named after the Juan B. Minchin of Oruro) later transformed into paleolake Tauca having a maximal depth of 140 meters (460 ft), and an estimated age of 13,000–18,000 or 14,900–26,100 years depending on the source.


text:
FRIDAY, Oct. 12 (HealthDay News) -- For students with a good memory, feeling anxious before taking an exam might actually lead to a higher test score, researchers have found.
In the new study, researchers in England used computer tests to assess levels of anxiety and working memory in 96 students, aged 12 to 14. Good working memory is generally associated with better school performance.
The students were then tested on their general thinking and math skills.
The researchers found that in students with a good working memory, anxiety was associated with higher test scores. In students with a poor working memory, anxiety led to lower test results, according to the report published Oct. 12 in the British Journal of Psychology.
"The research is exciting because it enhances our knowledge of when, specifically, anxiety can have a negative impact on taking tests. The findings also suggest that there are times when a little bit of anxiety can actually motivate you to succeed," study author Matthew Owens, a researcher at the University of Cambridge, said in a news release from the British Psychological Society. Owens was at the University of Southampton when the study took place.
The findings could improve understanding of the impact that anxiety has on students, the researchers said. They estimated that between 10 percent and 40 percent of children have anxiety when taking tests, and suggested that those who are more likely to do poorly on tests could be given priority for receiving extra help in school.
While the study found an association between anxiety levels and test scores, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.
The Anxiety and Depression Association of America has more about test anxiety.
Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.


text:
Objectives: The study analyzed the dating and premarital sexual behaviors of adolescents with different backgrounds who had ever made friends on the Internet. The study also aimed to discern the differing influential factors on the dating and premarital sexual behavior of adolescents of the opposite sex who first met virtually or in-person. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to identify 1003 second-year public junior high school, high school, and vocational school students in Taipei with Internet friend-making experience. Participants completed a cross-sectional questionnaire. Results: Of the participants, 19.2% had dated a person of the opposite sex first met on the Internet, which was reflected in their lower score for the family relationship portion of the questionnaire (p<.001). The main factor influencing the pursuit of a virtual or reality-based romantic relationship varied with participants; those inclined to a virtual route were influenced by their friendship with opposite gender peers, while the degree of premarital sexual behavior acceptance influenced reality-based relationships (p<.001). The degree of willingness to date was the strongest predictive factor for sexual openness with Internet companions, while acceptance of premarital sexual behavior most strongly predicted pursuit of a reality-based relationship. Conclusions: Family relationship is an important protective factor to reduce high-risk sexual behavior of adolescents. The patterns of adolescent dating and premarital sexual behavior with opposite sex companions first met through the Internet and in person are different. Intervention strategies should take into account these different patterns, necessary to divide groups in designing the intervention courses to meet their different needs. 333.
|Number of pages||11|
|Journal||Taiwan Journal of Public Health|
|Publication status||Published - 2009 Aug 1|
- Internet friend making
- Premarital sexual behavior
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health


Distinguishing Control Group & Experimental Group
Control Group vs Experimental Group

Controlled experiments are common in scientific studies, and they involve dividing subjects into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. These groups consist of subjects that are identical in nature, with the only key difference between the two groups being how they are treated by the researcher.
What is a Control Group?
A control group in a scientific experiment does not get exposed to the experimental conditions. There is always a variable that is tested, with changes in the subjects being recorded and analyzed. The subjects in a control group are not exposed to the variable being tested, and they help explain the changes in the experimental group due to the variable. For example, in an experiment testing the effects of a medicine, the control group does not receive the medication, and they serve as a comparison tool when the researcher evaluates the effects of the medication.
What is an Experimental Group?
An experimental group in a controlled experiment receives the variable being studied. In some experiments, it is difficult to isolate the variable being tested, so a control group is created that doesn't receive exposure to the variable. This allows the researcher to contrast the subjects and determine the effects due to the variable.
Key Takeaways
 - Controlled experiments involve dividing subjects into two groups: the control group and the experimental group.
 - The control group does not get exposed to the experimental conditions, while the experimental group receives the variable being studied.
 - The control group helps to explain the effect of the variable on the subjects in the experimental group, as they do not get exposure to the variable.
Maria Nguyen
Maria Nguyen
Maria Nguyen is a talented writer with a flair for developing captivating content in a range of formats. Her commitment to thorough research and producing top-notch material has contributed to over 4 years of professional writing and editing experience. Outside of work, Maria finds pleasure in solitary activities and immersing herself in nature. Her introspective nature and passion for self-reflection inspire her creativity. She believes that spending time alone and observing the natural world can provide valuable insights and foster personal growth, broadening her perspective as a writer.
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text:
Provided by: nut_2.0.3-4build1_i386
ups.conf - UPS definitions for Network UPS Tools
This file is read by the driver controller upsdrvctl, the UPS drivers
that use the common core (see nutupsdrv(8)) and upsd(8). The file
begins with global directives, and then each UPS has a section which
contains a number of directives that set parameters for that UPS.
A UPS section begins with the name of the ups in brackets, and
continues until the next UPS name in brackets or until EOF. The name
"default" is used internally in upsd, so you can't use it in this file.
You must define the "driver" and "port" elements for each entry.
Anything after that in a section is optional. A simple example might
look like this:
driver = fentonups
port = /dev/ttyS0
desc = "Web server UPS"
A slightly more complicated version includes some extras for the
hardware‐specific part of the driver:
driver = apcsmart
port = /dev/cua00
cable = 940-0095B
sdtype = 2
desc = "Database server UPS"
In this case, the apcsmart(8) driver will receive variables called
"cable" and "sdtype" which have special meanings. See the man pages of
your driver(s) to learn which variables are supported and what they do.
chroot Optional. The driver will chroot(2) to this directory during
initialization. This can be useful when securing systems.
Optional. Path name of the directory in which the UPS driver
executables reside. If you don't specify this, the programs
look in a built‐in default directory, which is often
Optional. Same as the UPS field of the same name, but this is
the default for UPSes that don't have the field.
Optional. The status of the UPS will be refreshed after a
maximum delay which is controlled by this setting. This is
normally 2 seconds. This may be useful if the driver is
creating too much of a load on your system or network.
user Optional. If started as root, the driver will setuid(2) to the
user id associated with username.
driver Required. This specifies which program will be monitoring this
UPS. You need to specify the one that is compatible with your
hardware. See nutupsdrv(8) for more information on drivers in
general and pointers to the man pages of specific drivers.
port Required. This is the serial port where the UPS is connected.
On a Linux system, the first serial port usually is /dev/ttyS0.
On FreeBSD and similar systems, it probably will be /dev/cuaa0.
Optional. When you have multiple UPSes on your system, you
usually need to turn them off in a certain order. upsdrvctl
shuts down all the 0s, then the 1s, 2s, and so on. To exclude a
UPS from the shutdown sequence, set this to -1.
The default value for this parameter is 0.
desc Optional. This allows you to set a brief description that upsd
will provide to clients that ask for a list of connected
nolock Optional. When you specify this, the driver skips the port
locking routines every time it starts. This may allow other
processes to seize the port if you start more than one
You should only use this if your system won't work without it.
This may be needed on Mac OS X systems.
Optional. This can be set as a global variable above your first
UPS definition and it can also be set in a UPS section. This
value controls how long upsdrvctl will wait for the driver to
finish starting. This keeps your system from getting stuck due
to a broken driver or UPS.
The default is 45 seconds.
All other fields are passed through to the hardware‐specific part of
the driver. See those manuals for the list of what is allowed.
upsdrvctl(8) uses this file to start and stop the drivers.
The drivers themselves also obtain configuration data from this file.
Each driver looks up its section and uses that to configure itself.
upsd(8) learns about which UPSes are installed on this system by
reading this file. If this system is called "doghouse" and you have
defined a UPS in your ups.conf called "snoopy", then you can monitor it
from upsc(8) or similar as "snoopy@doghouse".
upsd(8), nutupsdrv(8), upsdrvctl(8)
The NUT (Network UPS Tools) home page: _URL_
Sun Aug 24 2003 UPS.CONF(5)


text:
ON THE CALPACK OF THE MOUNTAINS - OR LEMKO IDENTITY
The paper refers to the bilingual, Polish-Lemko, collection of poems by Władysław Graban,
Na kołpaku gór (On the Calpack on the Mountains), published in 1991. The mountains, the Beskids, the Lemkos' homeland, are presented as the exotic calpack, a type of cap made of several pieces of fabric sewn together. The analysis is based on the assumption that the Lemkos' identity has been shaped like a calpack, sewn together from various cultural, religious and linguistic elements as a result of cultural transgressions — complex in their course and stretched over time. In the successive parts of the article the author discusses the various components of the ethnic identity of this minority, little known to the public at large.


text:
San Agustin Church
San Agustin © Ricardo C. Eusebio
Within Intramuros stands Manila's oldest stone church, San Agustin, which was completed in 1607 and has since survived the ravages of time and successive invasions. The church was the only public building left undamaged after a terrible earthquake in 1863, and it has withstood a number of destructive earthquakes since.
The church has a magnificent and intricately-carved door, a Baroque pulpit, and an 18th-century pipe organ. Along with three other churches in the Philippines, San Agustin has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the collective title 'Baroque Churches of the Philippines'. It is also a National Historical Landmark. A museum is housed in the monastery (administered by the Order of Saint Augustine) alongside the church, which holds paintings of saints and other religious art.
The Sacristy houses a collection of richly embroidered vestments, and Philippine notables are buried in the crypt. San Agustin is an active church with regular services and is a very popular wedding venue; visitors can view the interior of the church for free during mass.
Address: General Luna St, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines.
Telephone: +63 2 _PHONE_


text: Between 1890 and 1914 Australia became the world's largest market for wool. Wresting this title from London required local brokers to create an ordered market with a central auction room, a uniform sale contract and standard arbitration procedure across a number of separate selling centres. This paper explores the various governance structures created by the Associations in Melbourne, Brisbane and Sydney, to bind co‐operative behaviours. We argue that the dual objects of the Associations, adherence to a uniform price and the operation of a central auction, provided different levels of incentives to firms to co‐operate in each centre. Firms took calculated rational decisions whether to co‐operate with respect to 'price', and different behaviours between centres depended heavily on structural and environmental situations. However, co‐operative behaviours towards supporting the auction system were driven by a combination of pecuniary and altruistic factors. The latter arose from a deep rooted sense of service to promote the wool trade and a belief in its over‐riding national importance.


text:
Escape Dynamics seeks regulatory approval for testing space launch vehicles using microwave RF energy
Clients Escape Dynamics, Inc.
Jones Day is assisting Escape Dynamics, Inc. in working with the federal government to secure the necessary approvals for testing space launch vehicles using microwave RF energy. Escape Dynamics is developing an electromagnetically-powered space launch and aerospace propulsion systems with the goal of enabling single-stage-to-orbit, fully and rapidly reusable space launch vehicles. Instead of the current approach, in which space launch vehicles carry large, heavy tanks of liquid fuel, Escape Dynamics would use microwave RF energy to transfer power to the launch vehicle through the air and space.
Because of the potential public safety issues related to its technology, Escape Dynamics will require substantial and numerous regulatory approvals from various federal agencies before it can conduct outdoor tests and demonstrations of its technology.
Earlier this year, Escape Dynamics secured an initial approval from the Federal Communications Commission to conduct horizontal outdoor tests in a remote desert environment. Once these tests are complete, Escape Dynamics will seek approvals to begin testing in a vertical direction. If Escape Dynamics is successful in demonstrating its technology, it could revolutionize the space transport industry.


text:
The Gladiator Mine was first worked sometime in the 1870's. The mine was then inactive for several years until two men, Blauvelt and Watts secured a bond to work the Gladiator in 1892. They refurbished the workings and drove crosscuts to expose reportedly $350,000 to $400,000 worth of gold ore. The following year the mine was sold to investors in Colorado for $50,000 who immediately erected a ten-stamp mill. With a workforce of 36 men, the company under the direction of Achille Falco operated the mine successfully until 1897. In 1898, a big strike was discovered on the 700-foot level consisting of a five foot wide mass of free milling ore. The ore assayed $40 per ton.
The mine was most active from the 1890's until the early 1900's. By 1916, the Gladiator Mine had produced a record $200,000 of gold bullion and concentrates. The lower tunnel at this time was 2,000 long and cut through several small shoots of gold ore. By 1922, the lower tunnel was extended to 4,165 feet, to reach the five foot wide mass of ore. In 1939, E.M. Moore and Sons leased the Gladiator Mine and produced 4,500 tons of ore for the next 10 years. In 1945, the company purchased the Golden Belt Mill and had its ore shipped there by truck.


Dear visitor,
VoIPLine Telecom uses latest technologies in web development. Unfortunately your web browser is not supported and some parts of our web site may not be displayed correctly. Below are links to the latest versions of Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and MS Edge browser.
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How to Enable Automatic Callback
In this article
Introduction
At the end of this article, you will be able to configure the PBX queue callback object within your call flow. The article will also assist you with some common uses for the object within your PBX configuration. Should you need any assistance, feel free to contact our support department.

Configuring a PBX queue callback
The PBX queue callback object allows a caller being held in a queue the ability to request a callback when they reach position 1. When the caller reaches this position, all available agents assigned to the queue callback will ring according to the ring mode configuration. Once you have logged into your customer portal, click on the PBX tab. Then select the queue callback from the toolbox menu on the left, drag and drop the object onto the main configuration screen. Next, click on the settings icon.

callback1.PNG

You should now enter a descriptive name and add the agents by clicking on the add green button. Enable user control is a feature which allows the user to accept or decline the callback request. This is not recommended for call centre environments. If this option is disabled, the agents would not have the option to reject the callback.
mceclip0.png
On top of this, it is possible to configure your desired callback hours, the interval between callbacks (pause between callbacks), and the delay to send a new callback request to a user that has just finished a callback, this is known as the wrap-up time.
mceclip1.png
Lastly, it is important to set your desired caller ID, this is the number that your callback requesters will see on their phone, and there is the ability to email notification if the callback times out, or does not connect. Don't forget to save and apply the new configuration.

mceclip2.png

PBX queue callback usages

This scenario simulates a medical clinic that has two receptionists coping with all customer's appointments. During peak business hours the receptionists are unable to handle the increased volume of inbound calls and eventually they reach the queue timeout clause, or the callers abandon the call. With this in mind and to provide a better customer experience, the medic clinic manager decided to utilise a queue callback object when the calls time out.

callback3.PNG

The callback object was configured in a way to allow the receptionists the ability to accept or reject the callback requests, an extended length for the callback duration to allow for the backlog of the peak business hours to settle and finally, an email notification to catch all failed callback requests for the medical centre manager to review.

mceclip3.png
Calls now have the ability to request a callback once they time out in the call queue. However, if the abandon ratio was very high on the call queue, it would be recommended to enable the exit clause on the call queue and point to a callback object, this would allow the callers the ability to press a number to leave a callback request.

Watch this in action

The video below will show you a visual representation of the areas covered throughout this knowledge base guide.

gif.gif
support guy
A quick search will help you find answers to most questions.
If you are unable to find a solution please send a request to _EMAIL_


Sunday, September 10, 2006
Game Review: "Panty Explosion"
Atarashii Games' Panty Explosion by Matt Schlotte and Jake Richmond is a "Psychic Schoolgirl Adventure Game." The book is 94 pages plus character sheet (designed like a student's permanent record), with front and back covers by co-designer Jake Richmond, who provides all of the game's art.
First thing's first. What's up with the title? "Panty Explosion" sounds at first like a distasteful joke. But what Richmond and Schlotte seem to have been going for is the weird phrasing and mis-translation that often happens back and forth between Japanese and English. It conveys a sense of self-awareness and pop-culture sensibility for the game, once it's clear that the title is about whacky for whacky's sake, and that it's not actually sketchy when you get to reading the book.
The layout gives lined paper background to the text, iconography in layout as well as other elements emphasizing the Japanese Schoolgirl aspect of the game, including little drawings of cats and scribbles like "Yumi <3 Toyo." Panty Explosion is designed to do one thing and one thing only—Psychic Japanese Schoolgirls. The amount to which you focus on the psychic element and how much that influences the story is left open, but most of the game's information and the game's construction is oriented towards the schoolgirl side.
In Panty Explosion, the players portray Japanese schoolgirls in junior high and high school, one or more of whom (but not all, the book recommends) are psychic, and therefore draw the attention of various demons, a catch-all term for supernatural and non-supernatural antagonists arrayed against the schoolgirls.
Student Creation and Dice Mechanics
Since Panty Explosion is very strongly character-focused, student creation takes great prominence in the book. When creating your student, cultural elements specific to Japanese schoolgirls inform the character's traits. Blood Type is regarded as a personality indicator in Japan, and therefore it will provide traits just as will your character's birth month, determining their Zodiac animal. Traits in Panty Explosion are prose traits, ex: "Tall for her age" or "Captain of the Kendo team"
The attributes known to many through Miyamoto Musashi's Book of Five Rings, the five elements (Fire, Water, Earth, Air, Void) referred to as the Godai throughout the book. The Godai are the primary attributes, each representing the student's capability in the area governed by the element. A student strong in Earth is more likely to have the ability to succeed when she is using her physical strength or stubbornness. Students choose 1 element as their strength and one as their weakness. The strength gets a rating of 5, the weakness gets a rating of one, and the other three fill in with 4, 3, and 2 dice in any order of the player's choosing.
These dice represent the pool the student can call upon in conflicts, and the degree to which the student can impact a situation through the different approaches. If a player uses all three of his student's Fire dice to kick a demon, that player will not be able to use Fire-type actions (attacking with force of words or physical might, straightforward aggressive action).
Traits are chosen in five areas: Blood Type, Zodiac, Godai, Friends and Family, and Hobbies. Traits come into play by increasing the die-type that the player rolls for the student. If a student that would normally roll d8s could bring in a trait, her roll would use d10s instead. (Panty Explosion uses 6, 8, 10 and 12-sided dice).
The size of dice a student normally uses in conflict is determined by her popularity. Players vote at the beginning of each session and each school day in the story, with one vote per player for most popular and least popular. The least popular girl rolls d6s, the most popular rolls d10s, and everyone else rolls d8s. Psychic girls, since they're weird and creepy cannot be the most popular. A die succeeds on 5 or more, so popularity ends up being very important in how easy it is for a student to succeed.
Each student also chooses a best friend and a rival. Character A can be Character B's Best friend, but Character B can consider Character A to be her rival. The rival is still a friend, but the student envies or dislikes them in some way which becomes explored in the game. In resolution, if an action is successful, it is described by the player of your student's Best Friend, if it fails, resolution is described by the Rival.
The students who are psychic have access to two powers, Levitation and Make Heads Explode. These are fairly broad in their application, based on the character's desires. Making Heads Explode is hard to control, but isn't always fatal. Each power can be used with three of the five Godai.
Each student has a personal agenda, which can be anything from 'prove to my class that I'm not as dumb as I seem' to 'keep my father at his dead-end job so I can stay in my school.' These agendas should be attainable but worth struggling for. They will help shape the story that the players tell in the game.
Running the Game
The player who provides the Demon, the school, and the non-player-student characters is called the Superintendent. Information on scene framing, demon creation, and storytelling is provided, with a major focus on helping the players explore the lives of Japanese schoolgirls in a demon-infested world. Scenes are described as being comprised of the five elements of the Godai, to break things down for ease of construction.
Superintendents are instructed to include student's personal agendas in the story that is constructed for the students, so that they are engaged on a personal level as well as the plot level.
The Demon of the story need not be an oni or other creature out of Japanese legend, it can just as easily be a government organization trying to get its clutches on the group's psychic(s), or an abusive teacher. The demon is the primary antagonist of the story. The demon gets more powerful as the psychic uses her powers, and is more powerful for each agenda left unresolved when the students confront it. The Superintendent is advised to split the demon's dice up between multiple encounters to provide several instances of conflict rather than just having the demon sweep in and kill all the students. Scenario construction is also broken down by element, as scene construction.
Examples of monster demons are given, and one third of the book is devoted to setting details to constructing a game for Japanese schoolgirls, with information about religion, hobbies, districts of Tokyo, cram schools, and more. Even if you don't use the system to play the game it's preparing you for, if you're looking to do a game set in school in Japan, this game provides invaluable information and advice for story construction.
Panty Explosion sets itself up to do one thing, and it seems like it would do it very very well. The book is focused like a laser, filled with suggestions on how to tell the stories of Japanese schoolgirls balancing between life and monster-fighting, the thematics supported from the setting description to the rules and back again.
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