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Given an n-by-m square grid graph, how many ways are there to choose a subset of the vertices which is simply connected? Here, a subset of vertices is simply connected if the vertices, together with any edges or interior faces connecting them amongst themselves, form a contractible subregion of the grid. More formally, we can naturally embed the grid graph into the plane. Then I want to count subsets of vertices such that the union of the dual 2-cells forms a simply connected region in the plane.
Let me try to be a little bit clearer this time. Let's work directly with the dual, since that is easier to visualize. Hence, my question is:
Consider a grid of square tiles of dimensions n-by-m, with each of the nm tiles distinctly labeled. How many distinct (labeled) simply connected subsets of tiles are there as a function of n and m?
Because the tiles are labeled, rotation or translation to get the same polyomino isn't allowed. I'm trying to count all subsets. Commenter JBL points out the sequence for m=n at Sloane's, which also links to a lot of work by Artem M. Karavaev on this problem.
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? What does "simply connected" mean for a subset of the vertices? – Robin Chapman Oct 29 '10 at 18:09
I'm not sure exactly what you mean. But you are asking a question about polyomino enumeration, I think, which is quite difficult. In particular, I suspect there is no exact answer to your question but there are probably asymptotic ones. – Michael Lugo Oct 29 '10 at 18:26
One interpretation would be Steve is talking about a square lattice graph and he's asking to count subgraphs which are trees. Or perhaps he's taking the union of the corresponding dual 2-cells. IMO the question is poorly worded and doesn't quite make sense. – Ryan Budney Oct 29 '10 at 18:30
Calculate the answer for small examples and see if it's in the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. You could calculate it for $m$-by-$m$ for $m=1,2,3,4$, say, or for $m$-by-2 or $m$-by-3 for $m=1,2,3,4,\dots$. – Gerry Myerson Oct 29 '10 at 21:46
Is this the right sequence? _URL_ – JBL Oct 30 '10 at 1:22
2 Answers 2
$$ $$
edit 3 : The original answer given apllies again
Now that the question is clarified and specified labeled square tiles (although now changing what $n$ and $m$ denote from the number of vertices along each dimension to now denoting the number of tiles' edges along each dimension) arranged in a $m \times n$ rectangular pattern, and asks about the number of simply connected subsets of tiles.
The number of simply-connected subset of tiles for an $m \times n$ rectangular array of labeled square tiles is equal to the number of different labeled graphs induced by rooted trees of size greater than or equal to $0$ nodes for the 2-dimensional lattice graph of size $m \times n$. The numbers given below, in the old version of the answers, assumes that $m$ and $n$ represented the number of vertices and $m-1$ and $n-1$ represented the number of faces or tiles in the dual-graph of the $m \times n$ lattice graph originally specified.
[edit 2] : old problem with this question as was previously posed
It's possible to use the same vertex-set to define multiple polyominos, if rotation is not allowed, because a vertex-set alone is not sufficient to specify a polyomino shape and which edges need to be considered.
Thus the question as posed, requesting vertex sets, is not rigorously defined enough to admit a solution.
For $m=4, n=3$, the vertex set {$1,2, \cdots, 12$} consisting of all $12$ of the vertices can define two polyominos which are distinct if rotation is not allowed:
1---2 3---4 1---2---3---4
| | | | | |
5 6---7 8 5 6---7 8
| | | | | |
9--10--11--12 9--10 11--12
Thus, the vertex set alone is not sufficient to distinguish different valid polyominos. Vertices and edges must be specified; or alternatively for the dual the faces must be specified (as described in the older part of this answer, below).
Here's my example of a 16-vertex set for $m=4, n=4$ which generates two different polyominos which remain distinct even under rotation.
 | | | | | |
 | | | | | |
 9 10--11 12 9 10 11 12
 | | | | | | | |
13--14 15--16 13--14 15--16
old answer is still below
If by your question you mean how many different subgraphs of an $m \times n$ lattice graph consist of a single connected component, rather than multiple components, then the answer is going to be different from Pietro Majer's approach.
In that case, for $m=n=2$, let's label each vertex in the lattice graph as $v_{x,y}$ with $1 \le x \le m$ and $1 \le y \le n$. Would you consider the selections $S_1=${$v_{1,1}, v_{1,2}, v_{2,1}$} and $S_2=${$v_{2,2}, v_{1,2}, v_{2,1}$} to be different selections of vertices or the same, because the single face adjoining these $2$ of the $4$ ways to select $3$ of the $4$ vertices in this case is considered part of the selection. If so, then would selecting a single edge on a face be considered as selecting the face of the polyomino?
If not, then there's another approach to the solution. Given an $m \times n$ lattice graph, with vertices labeled by their $x,y$ coordinates:
 - call the total set of vertices $S$
 - a subset $S_i \in S$ consists of $0$ to $m\cdot n$ vertices, and each subset can (for labeling's sake) be labeled with an integer $0 \le i \le 2^{mn}$.
 - define the distance of one subset $S_a$ to another subset $S_b$ to be the minimal Manhattan distance from the elements of subset $S_a$ and subset $S_b$
 - define a subset $S_a \in S$ as meeting your condition if the minimal distance of each vertex in that subset from the other elements of that subset is $1$
$S_a = ${$ v_1, v_2,..., v_k $}
$\forall v_j \in S_a, \textrm{distance}(v_j, S_a - v_j)=1$
where $S_a - v_j$ represents the set generated by starting with $S_a$ and removing element $v_j$
If instead of that approach, you are really talking about polyominos or the faces of the $m \times n$ lattice:
You can generate the dual of this graph as the $(m-1)\times(n-1)$ lattice and count the number of single component subgraphs in that.
In regard to JBL's comment to the question, I think you're right that Sequence A140517 at _URL_ is the right sequence for an $(n-1) \times (n-1)$ grid. I don't think the question's original poster has clarified the question well enough since the question still asks for "vertex subsets", rather than saying "faces" on the 2-d lattice. I have a different approach for a different answer below, where you can take the dual of the $m \times n$ lattice and get an $(m-1) \times (n-1)$ lattice with each vertex in this graph representing a face in the original lattice graph. Then, the count of the single component subgraphs of this dual is the answer.
The original poster needs to clarify the question and give some example answers to $m=2, n=2$. Does the solution for $m=2, n=2$ count only the single face generated by all $4$ vertices as the only solution, do the different sets of vertices taken three at a time count as separate solutions? Would taking two vertices that are distance $1$ apart count as a solution at all? The question really needs to be clarified.
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I revamped the question a bit... hopefully this is clearer now. – Steve Flammia Nov 2 '10 at 18:49
This seems quite difficult, but maybe something can be done. Here's some hints, I hope it's useful. In the following I assume that you want simply connected polyominos, thus


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Annual flow is above 5,000 million cubic meters (MCM) on average, but varies substantially both within and across years, and includes two flood seasons each year. Between 1944 and 1978, average total flow (at Garissa) was 6,105 MCM, varying from only 1,789 MCM in 1949 to 13,342 MCM in 1968. During the _PHONE_ period, annual flow remained above 5,000 MCM as well. A series of hydroelectric dams have been constructed along the river, including the Kindaruma Dam in 1968, the Kamburu Dam in 1975, the Gitaru Dam in 1978, the Masinga Dam in 1981, and the Kiambere Dam in 1988. A 2003 study reported that two-thirds of Kenya's electrical needs were supplied by the series of dams along the Tana River.
^ abNakaegawa T., Wachana C. and KAKUSHIN Team-3 Modeling Group. (2012). "First impact assessment of hydrological cycle in the Tana River Basin, Kenya, under a changing climate in the late 21st Century," Hydrological Research Letters, 6, pp. 29-34.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
2. Then using the mattes, all the separate elements are put together using an Optical Printer
The Optical Printer
The Optical Printing Composite Process:
- Traditional matting, for a long time, was compositing by printing elements of different film strips onto a final duplicate film stock using an optical printer. This technique, although requires great precision, gave exceptional results and possibilities
- Firstly the action is shot against a blue or green screen. A matching camera filter blocks out the background color allowing only the action to be captured in the film.
- A high contrast film is used to get a contrasting (mask) image. This image is reversed using another high contrast film.
- The 3 film sandwich is run through the optical printer-The fresh film at the bottom, followed by the traveling matte with the background covered, on the top is the negative of the live action. The resulting combined print is the live action with a plain, unexposed background.
- Then another 3 film sandwich-The exposed film, the opposite mask, the background to be composited.
- Finally we have the positive printed composite which can be converted to a dupe negative and combined with the rest of the film reel. The process gets more and more complicated as the parts to be composited increase.
Take a look at a complex optical printing shot done for Star wars by ILM :

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Meteorological complex "Lira" and wind lidars at the International Forum "Weather. Climate. Water"
St. Petersburg hosted the XIII International Climate Forum, one of the most significant events in the field of hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring for the largest industry experts. As part of the exposition of the forum, the Laser Systems company presented its flagship meteorological equipment: wind lidars, ceilometer, mobile meteorological complex "Lira", which was exhibited at the Expoforum open area.
"Lira" is a mobile meteorological complex that combines modern measuring devices and is designed for:
- Provision of meteorological information (high wind speed and direction, wind shifts, dangerous weather phenomena) to aviation and meteorological service personnel.
- Collecting data on wind speed and direction at wind power installation sites.
- Research in the field of air navigation, meteorology and ecology.
- Works as part of meteorological complexes of nuclear power plants and other industrial facilities that require aerological observation.
- Control of changing weather conditions in the venues of international competitions, where weather conditions can affect the performance of the performers and their safety (biathlon, ski jumping, aviation competitions).
"Lira" became one of the most memorable exhibits of the exhibition and got into the reportage of the "News" program on the St. Petersburg TV channel, where they said that at the XIII International Climate Forum "Weather. Climate. Water" was presented a modern mobile complex that allows you to determine the most accurate wind rose. The correspondent noted that such information is necessary, for example, to plan the construction of a new airport or plant.
Photo and video: St. Petersburg TV channel, News program of July 20
More details in the TV show at the link
Within the framework of the forum, a number of international scientific and business events were also held, in particular, the II All-Russian Conference "Hydrometeorological and climate services for the economy, adaptation of the economy to climate change. New technologies for improving hydrometeorological services".
Two participants from Laser Systems made presentations at the conference: Executive Director Alexander Mikhailenko and Head of Sales Alexander Dyundin. In their reports, the speakers spoke about the technology for improving the efficiency of hydrometeorological support by combining meteorological data obtained in different frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum using the example of the operation of the Laser Systems equipment: meteorological lidars and lidar complexes.
In 2022, the forum-exhibition "Weather. Climate. Water" was timed to coincide with the commissioning of the ice-resistant platform LSP "North Pole". The event is supported by the Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, the Russian Federal Road Agency and the Committee for Nature Management, Environmental Protection and Environmental Safety of St. Petersburg.


I am always looking for new ways of producing sound and music. As part of my recent search I stumbled upon a fun and powerful program called TidalCycles. It is a text based program that runs alongside a Supercollider quark called SuperDirt an is made for live coding. This means that the sounds and effects are processed with SCsynth but the programming is done elsewhere. TidalCycles uses Haskell as its main language, however, it is very easy to pick up the basics and get started.
TidalCycles works via loops. This can be thought of as 1 cycle per second is one loop per second. The loop is always the same duration so as more sounds get put in the sequence they happen faster. Here is a little code that shows the basics of making a sound.
d1 sound "bd"
This code plays a bass drum sound once per cycle on d1 (dirt 1). d1 is kind of In TidalCycles the d stands for dirt but it is really like saying play a sound on voice 1. There are 9 possible voices.
To double the beat the code would change to
d1 sound "bd*2"
and says play the bass drum sample twice per cycle.
d1 sound "bd/2"
will play the bass drum sound once every 2 cycles or twice as slow. This is all very easy little 1 liners. The following example shows something a little more complex.
d1 $ every (irand 4) (fast 10) $ every (irand 10) (fast (irand 2)) $ sound
"[808bd*2 bd*9 [808bd*10 bd*17 ]] [808bd*5 [sn sn*6 [bd*3 bd*6] sn*134 ] sn cp*9]"
To break down this example
Every random amount of cycles will trigger the rhythm to be played 10 times faster. In this case it will randomly select between 1 cycle and 4 cycles. Every random 10 times the rhythm will be played either at normal speed or twice as fast.
For this sequence there are 2 steps. The first one is [808bd*2 bd*9 [808bd*10 bd*17 ]] while the second is [808bd*5 [sn sn*6 [bd*3 bd*6] sn*134 ] sn cp*9].
The first step can be broken down into 3 smaller steps and on the third step there are 2 smaller steps because of the []. If we disregard the *n part of the sounds and turn it into [808bd bd [808bd bd]] The rhythm is kind of like a triplet with [8th 8th [16th 16th]].
In the second main step "[808bd*5 [sn sn*6 [bd*3 bd*6] sn*134 ] sn cp*9]" disregarding the *n again there are 4 steps with the second step having a nested rhythm. In terms of rhythmical notation this collection would be kind of like 16th [32nd 32nd [64th 64th] 32nd] 16th 16th.
When we add the *n after the sample the rhythm technical remains the same in terms of sound groupings, however, because of the fast repetition of the samples, the timbre changes. On top of that the randomized speed quickly changes the overall speed of the cycle adding more unpredictability.
Note: While I tried to write what the rhythmical duration is, the way that TidalCycles makes all the samples fit into one cycle makes the rhythm when trying to dictate a little wobbly. The main point is that TidalCycle scales the sounds faster and slower to make everything fit. As someone who likes finding odd ways of generating rhythm TidalCycles approach to rhythm opens up some possibilities that I have not thought about before.
If you want me to write about something involving TidalCycles please email me and I will try my best. Also, if you enjoy reading my posts, reading my research, looking and listening to my music and photography please consider donating to my gofundme on my main bio page.
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Topical glyceryl trinitrate treatment of chronic patellar tendinopathy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
 1. Mirjam Steunebrink1,
 2. Johannes Zwerver2,
 3. Ruben Brandsema2,
 4. Petra Groenenboom3,
 5. Inge van den Akker-Scheek2,
 6. Adam Weir3
 1. 1Department of Steunebrink Sportsmedicine, Eelde, The Netherlands
 2. 2Department of Sportsmedicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
 3. 3Department of Sportsmedicine, Medical Center Haaglanden, Leidschendam, The Netherlands
 1. Correspondence to Mirjam Steunebrink, Steunebrink Sportsmedicine, Vosbergerlaan 1, 9761 AK, Eelde, The Netherlands; mirjamsteunebrink{at}gmail.com
Abstract
Objectives To assess if continuous topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) treatment improves outcome in patients with chronic patellar tendinopathy when compared with eccentric training alone.
Methods Randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing a 12-week programme of using a GTN or placebo patch in combination with eccentric squats on a decline board. Measurements were performed at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Primary outcome measure was the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures were patient satisfaction and pain scores during sports. Generalised estimated equation was used to analyse the treatment, time and treatment×time effect. Analyses were performed following the intention-to-treat principle.
Results VISA-P scores for both groups improved over the study period to 75.0±16.2 and 80.7±22.1 at 24 weeks. Results showed a significant effect for time (p<0.01) but no effect for treatment×time (p=0.80). Mean Visual Analogue Scores pain scores during sports for both groups increased over the study period to 6.6±3 and 7.8±3.1. Results showed a significant effect for time (p<0.01) but no effect for treatment×time (p=0.38). Patient satisfaction showed no difference between GTN and placebo groups (p=0.25) after 24 weeks, but did show a significant difference over time (p=0.01). Three patients in the GTN group reported some rash.
Conclusion It seems that continuous topical GTN treatment in addition to an eccentric exercise programme does not improve clinical outcome compared to placebo patches and an eccentric exercise programme in patients with chronic patellar tendinopathy.
 - Tendons
 - Knee
 - Eccentric exercise
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: _URL_
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text:
Cooking With Kangen Water
Food Preparation – Cleaning, Disinfecting, Soaking
- Washing fresh fruits, vegetables and rice with 11.5 pH Strong Kangen Water will remove oil-based pesticides and herbicides that tap water cannot remove. It eliminates the need for expensive "fruit & vegetable wash" solutions. It also eliminates the absorption of chlorine into the fruits and vegetables.
- You could instead try removing pesticides with Veggie Wash, but (a) it is expensive per ounce and (b) do you really think a quick spray is better than a ten minute deep soak of 11.5? Try it for yourself!
- Fresh fruits and vegetables are also sterilized in 2.5 pH Strong Acidic Water which kills food borne bacteria, staphylococcus, salmonella and E-coli… even staph!
- All cooking utensils, surfaces and cutting boards can similarly be disinfected. This 2.5 pH water is used in over 200 Japanese hospitals to disinfect everything… even surgical instrument
- Pesticide removal and disinfection also doubles shelf life, reducing spoilage waste.
- Soaking red meat and poultry for 20 to 30 minutes – and fish for 7 to 10 minutes – will draw out excess blood, reducing foul or strong odor.


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I am an beginner in text generation and and deep-learing but I like to get in touch with it. Currently I am learing about LSTM networks and VAEs for text generation. I would like to read a sequence at once and output another sequence. What I learned from this post is that the input shape should be 3D. Since my text data is 2D I want to reshape it. But this is now the confusing part. As I have training data with the shape of (nb_sequences, max_seq_lenth) = (274, 95). As the post pointed out, it would be important to reshape the data to a format of input = (nb_sequence, nb_timestep, nb_feature) with nb_sequence being the number of sequences (274), nb_timestep the length of the sequence (95) and nb_feature the number of features describing a sequence at a timestep, right?
I have two questions here:
1). How to reshape properly? My vocab size is 359 which I imagined (obviously wrong) to be the number of the features. --> input = (274, 95, 359). This is not possible since an array of 274*95 = 26030 can't be reshaped into (274, 95, 359).
If I take the number of diffrent words my sequences are containing, wouldn't it lead to some erros since sentences do not consist out of the same words naturally? Meaning that I would have a variable feature number with each sequence?
2). How would one realize the problem I am facing? I read about one-hot encoding the sequences. This might solve the problem I have regarding question 1), but as far as I understand this would lead me to a quite inefficient way of predicting sequences as I want to handle more data. Is there any suggestion how to do it in a effient way?
$\endgroup$
1 Answer 1
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The input to an LSTM must be a batch of sequences of vectors of real numbers, i.e. 3D tensor). Textual inputs are discrete tokens, so they are a batch of sequences of integers (indexes to the vocabulary table), i.e. a 2D tensor.
Before any reshaping, you must transform each integer value into a vector. For that, the usual approaches are one-hot encoding and embedding tables:
 - With one-hot encoding, you encode each integer index as a vector with 359 elements, where all are 0s except the position at the integer index, which is a 1.
 - With an embedding table, you keep a table with 359 vectors of an arbitrary dimensionality (the embedding size).
In either case, you get the "extra dimension" that you were lacking with integer indices.
$\endgroup$
2
 - $\begingroup$ do you have a suggestion, where I can read about losses and metrics used for text generation? I also find this quite confusing because in the posts and papers I read, the most people don't tell why they are using a specific loss function $\endgroup$
 – Tim
 May 21, 2021 at 6:42
 - $\begingroup$ The loss for text generation is almost always the categorical cross-entropy, which is appropriate for discrete token selection. About performance metrics, this depends on the actual task, and it is normally a "cultural thing". For instance, in machine translation, we use the BLEU score; we know it is flawed, but the alternatives are more complex and also have flaws. $\endgroup$
 – noe
 May 21, 2021 at 7:16
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Saturday, 18 February 2012
The Waiting Period: Graduate Admissions Survival
If you have a philosopher who happens to have applied to graduate schools this year, you are likely in thick of waiting. This waiting period is almost always intensely stressful for both you and your philosopher.
Depression during this waiting period can be exasperated by your philosopher, especially if they persist in checking their email frequently or if they insist on monitoring acceptances/rejections on online forums (such as gradcafe). This is especially dangerous for philosophers who are also working on MA theses (it's the worst kind of distraction from work).
So how can you help alleviate the depressive effects of the application waiting period?
1. Make an alternate plan.
This may seem rather dreadful, but it will help both you and your philosopher if you develop a backup plan (what to do if your philosopher doesn't get in anywhere). If your philosopher knows that they have alternate options—even if these aren't ideal—then it might ease their mind a bit. For sure, having a backup plan can also do wonders for your mental health.
2. Reassure. Reassure. Reassure.
You will find yourself having to do lots of reassuring during this period. Prepare to be patient with your philosopher every time they descend into the slough of despond. Reassure your philosopher that they are really intelligent, they haven't heard from every school yet, just because someone has been accepted on gradcafe doesn't mean that all decisions are final, just because they didn't get in this year doesn't mean that they can never try again, etc. Just because they didn't get into one of their lower-tier schools, doesn't mean that they won't get into an upper-tier school. Remind them. Here are two stories that might help your philosopher:
Story 1: A philosopher thought they had received rejections from every school to which they applied, as they had seen people post on gradcafe about each of their schools. Well guess what? An oversight had led to an acceptance letter—from their first school choice—either not being sent or being lost in the mail.
Story 2: An extremely intelligent philosopher received rejections from every place they applied one year. Instead of giving up, this philosopher applied to exactly the same places the next year and got in to several of them.
3. Bake treats.
This speaks for itself.
4. Distract your philosopher.
This is a good time to ply your philosopher with distractions. Help them train for a marathon; make a goal to watch all of the AFI top 100 movies; encourage them to prepare a paper for publication; refinish some furniture. Distractions are really necessary to keep your philosopher from being despondent sometimes.
When all else fails, direct them to Ph.D. comics.
~The Philosiologist
 1. I work in graduate admissions and I can absolutely verify that some excellent applicants are unlucky one year, reapply the next year, then sail through. For PhDs it can sometimes be the case that there a particular area of research is very oversubscribed one year - often due to considerations of the funding the department has in place, which students it has already admitted, and which staff are able to take on new students - and eases up the next. That said, to next years' applicants, it IS important to apply to a range of different places and to apply early!
 I should also emphasise your point that, in my institution at least, admissions decisions are sent out over a rather long period (weeks to months) and that just because some have already received offers, there's no reason you won't. Sometimes notifications are done in alphabetical batches, sometimes in order of assessment, sometimes randomly.
 2. Thanks for the reassurance! See, philosophers? :-)
 3. I hope you will post new update soon.


text:
Introduction to Aquifer
This is the wiki contains documentation for the Aquifer project.
Table of Contents
- What is a 'Drush make workflow'?
- What is Aquifer?
- Quick-start guide
- Scaffold system
- Build system
Contributing to this wiki is painless. Everything is stored and served from the Aquifer wiki repository.
All pages are stored in the
/sections folder, and added to the
SUMMARY.md file as markdown links in a bulleted list. Gitbook is used to compile the docs and create the browser-friendly pages, which is published on Github pages at docs.aquifer.io.
Process for submitting changes
- Fork the Aquifer wiki repository.
- Make your changes in a branch other than
- Submit a PR with your changes.
This wiki uses gitbooks to compile the markdown files into a collection of browser-friendly pages. To compile the markdown:
- Install gitbook:
npm install gitbook-cli -g.
- In the wiki directory, run
- To build the project, in the wiki directory, run
- If you would like to locally test the compiled output, run
gitbook serve, and point your browser at
- NOTE: Gitbooks will remove the CNAME file in the
_bookdirectory. Do not commit this change.


text:
When it comes to desserts, many people associate them with indulgence and guilt. However, with the right ingredients and recipes, you can enjoy delicious desserts without compromising your health. In this article, we will explore some healthy dessert options that you can indulge in without feeling guilty.
Benefits of Healthy Desserts
Healthy desserts offer a range of benefits that traditional desserts lack. They are often lower in sugar, fat, and calories, making them a great option for those looking to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Additionally, healthy desserts can provide essential nutrients and antioxidants, which can support overall health and well-being.
Healthy Dessert Ideas
1. Fruit Salad with Greek Yogurt: A refreshing and light dessert option, fruit salad with Greek yogurt is packed with vitamins, minerals, and probiotics. Simply mix your favorite fruits with a dollop of Greek yogurt for a tasty and nutritious treat.
2. Chia Seed Pudding: Chia seeds are a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids and fiber, making them a great addition to any dessert. Mix chia seeds with almond milk and a natural sweetener like honey or maple syrup for a creamy and satisfying pudding.
3. Avocado Chocolate Mousse: Avocados are not only delicious but also a rich source of healthy fats and antioxidants. Blend avocado with cocoa powder, a natural sweetener, and a splash of vanilla extract for a decadent and guilt-free chocolate mousse.
Tips for Making Healthy Desserts
1. Use natural sweeteners like honey, maple syrup, or stevia instead of refined sugar.
2. Choose whole ingredients like fruits, nuts, and seeds to add flavor and nutrients to your desserts.
3. Experiment with different spices and herbs to enhance the taste of your desserts without adding extra calories.
4. Opt for healthier cooking methods like baking, steaming, or grilling instead of frying to reduce the fat content of your desserts.
Indulging in desserts doesn't have to come at the cost of your health. By choosing healthier ingredients and recipes, you can enjoy delicious desserts without feeling guilty. Incorporate these healthy dessert ideas into your meal plan and treat yourself to a guilt-free sweet treat.
Copyright © 2022 YourTechCopywriter. All rights reserved.


text:
Looking to upgrade your wash-pack space? Check out this interview with Taylor Hutchison from Footprint Farm talking about their motivations for building a new barn (house!) and including all the features they implemented to make it food safe and efficient. Stay tuned for a written case study, and a downloadable pdf coming soon. The playlist below features a 2.5min promo, an interview explaining the features of the wash-pack space (6min), more in-depth experiences and challenges from the build process (12min) and the last video showcases washing a batch of greens through their system (2min). Enjoy the videos!
Having water when and where you need it can make a big difference in vegetable wash station efficiency.
Planning for multiple "drops" or spigots around the wash area can make it more convenient to access water where it is needed.
Investing in a hose hanger, hose reel or a trolley can help keep the hose off the ground, resulting in a cleaner and more safe work environment.
It can be helpful to consider the routing of the supply lines to avoid condensation dripping on people, food contact surfaces, and produce. Cold water flowing through the lines on a warm humid day can result in condensation of water that can drip from the lines. Running the lines away from walkways and produce areas can avoid this being a problem. Running the lines down low in wash areas can also help keep any condensation exposure to a minimum.Continue reading "Hanging Hoses"
So you're starting to farm, or scaling up your production. You hear talk about produce safety and cleanability. You are checking out what other farms are doing and are looking for harvest crates and storage bins.
You probably noticed lots of people use many different things. Some use 5-gallon pails, milk crates, muck buckets, some use totes found at the box stores, yet others use what seem to be specific, grey flip-top totes. Does it matter what you use? Not really, but you should have some sort of method to the madness on your farm to help minimize contamination, reduce mix-ups, and wasted time. Consistency is key to organization and efficiency.
I commonly hear "Ok, I like this style of totes/bins/crates, where do I find them?" Well, hopefully, this blog post will have a few suggestions to point you in the right direction with user reviews, distributor information, and pictures of features.
You can listen to this blog post in this episode from The Ag Engineering Podcast.Continue reading "Bins, Buckets, Baskets & Totes"
Lisa MacDougall has led Mighty Food Farm through start-up, relocation from rented land to owned land, and now through the construction of a brand-new 60 ft x 90 ft wash and pack shed. She's done this all while producing a diverse mix of organic vegetables, tree fruit and berries on fourteen acres, now, in Shaftsbury.
One of Lisa's primary goals in her new location was "a proper P-shed"; a pack shed where she and her crew could comfortably and safely wash, store, and pack produce for delivery to her customers year-round. Mighty Food Farm serves retail farm stand, farmers market, CSA, and wholesale customers.
I recently had the opportunity to record a public service announcement (PSA) for WDEV. This is part of a series of PSA's the UVM Extension colleagues contribute to. I decided to focus on ergonomics and shared some lessons from my grandmother and other sources. Click below to listen.
The text and additional resources are available below.
Every vegetable farm must have a harvest tote, and I don't mean a basket for picking into. What I'm referring to is a box with the daily essentials in it so you're never without, and don't have to go back to the barn.
This "Just-In-Time" kit is taken right out of the Lean principles and works outstanding on the farm just as it does in the automotive or manufacturing industry. Lisa MacDougall of Mighty Food Farm in Shaftsbury, VT swears by this little blue box she calls the "Harvest Tote" which holds all the essentials needed for daily harvesting out of the field.
What's should you have in the box?
- Harvest Knives
- Sharpening Stone
- Rubber Bands
- Harvest Log
- Pen, pencil or marker
This box always gets placed in the truck, every morning. These essential tools are kept all together and in one place at all times minimizing time to look for tools, or trips back to the packshed because the rubber bands were forgotten. This reduces downtime and saves wasted steps leading to increased efficiencies of operation.
This kit has food safety benefits too! With all the tools stored together, they are cleaned and sanitized all at the same time and logged, usually on a weekly basis. This Friday afternoon cleaning is also an opportunity for a weekly sharpening so all tools are in good shape for the week ahead. Keeping the tools in a tote keeps the knives from getting used for other activities outside of harvest which could contaminate them and make them dirty. Keeping the knives in a tote, also ensures that they are not stored in a hard to wash sheath, tossed on the dash of the truck, cup holder of the tractor etc.
Implementing this standard has many benefits and could be a great tech-tip to consider on your farm.
We are seeking input regarding a research and education project with the goal of consolidating postharvest information in a single set of resources.
Our proposed project aims to consolidate existing knowledge, best practices, and new developments in postharvest equipment, infrastructure, and buildings into a web-based handbook, workshop curriculum / educational materials and recorded videos.
This survey is voluntary and anonymous. Summarized and anonymized results will be included in a grant project proposal and also on our website (_URL_. Please direct any questions to Chris Callahan, _EMAIL_, _PHONE_.
The survey should take an average of 3 minutes to complete.
Thanks for your help.
To learn more about forced air cooling visit go.uvm.edu/forcedaircooling
To download the PDF version of this plan click here!
Farms that need to cool smaller volumes of produce can also benefit from forced air cooling. Whether cooling stacked pallets, pallet bins or individual cartons, the same principals apply. A smaller pallet cooler was noted on the previous page, but this concept can be scaled down even further to fit your needs. Here is a prototype, that could fit on a countertop with-in a walk-in cooler.
Constructed of 2×4's on top of a horizontal base made from 1/2" plywood cut 24" deep and 44" wide. Angled reinforcements were needed to stiffen the assembly.
To learn more about forced air cooling visit go.uvm.edu/forcedaircooling
To download the PDF version of this guide click here!
2"x12" lumber to make a 43" wide x 74" tall x 11-1/4" deep plenum for suction air distribution.
3/8" CDX Plywood with an 11-1/4" circle cut out for the blower suction inlet. Position this whole centered for even air pressure.
A downloadable/printable pdf of this article is available here.
The preservation of quality in fresh market and storage crops on small and medium-sized farms in the Northeast depends on the rapid reduction of pulp temperature and maintenance of relatively low temperatures to slow metabolic respiration.
There is strong foundational work showing that rapidly reducing the temperature at the start of the cold chain increases product quality when delivered to the consumer. Postharvest handling is critical for fresh produce farmers and the markets they sell to. Effort and expense invested in growing fruits and vegetables can be wasted without good handling practices at and following harvest (Gross 2014). Consumers expect the best from fresh produce. Quality and freshness are ranked with high importance among consumers. Farmers market respondents respectively rank quality (63% ) and freshness (59%), as highly important factors in their buying decisions. Nearly 87% of the respondents indicated that availability and quality of fresh produce affected their decision about where to purchase (Gorindasamy 2002).
Precooling involves flowing a controlled, chilled fluid (air or water) over the product to improve heat transfer for removal of field heat to depress respiration and initiate the cold chain. Continue reading "Forced Air Cooling On The Farm"


text:
Smoke From Australian Bushfires in January, 2020
- published: 06 Jan 2020
- views: 56464
This movie displays the extraordinary amount of smoke injected into the atmosphere from the Australian fires and its subsequent eastward dispersal observed by CALIPSO and MODIS over the past few days. The underlying RGB color image (courtesy of NASA Worldview) is from the Aqua/MODIS instrument for January 2, 2020, which shows a plume of brown smoke extending from the southeastern coast of Australia, over the Tasman Sea and beyond into the Pacific Ocean. The overlaid vertical cross sections show CALIPSO lidar profile observations along one of its orbits on three successive days (December 31, 2019 – January 2, 2020). The bright colors indicate the presence of small particles (aerosols) and the white color indicates clouds. Visible in each of the cross sections near 35o S is a thick layer of smoke from the fires at altitudes above 9 miles (14.5 km). The dark shading below these layers is due to the absence of lidar signals below the opaque smoke layers. These layers contain very small particles and have optical properties similar to smoke. The sequence of CALIPSO tracks that are featured in the movie indicates the continued transport of the smoke layer to the east. We anticipate that the plume will continue its movement over the next days, and the CALIPSO team will continue to monitor its progression. Credit: NASA\'s Langley Research Center...


Comments on: Print Numbers in words _URL_ Wed, 27 Jul 2016 21:32:59 +0000 hourly 1 By: jolora _URL_ Thu, 29 Dec 2005 10:28:03 +0000 #comment-38158 One more time….
Here is a PL/SQL function that returns the integer passed to it as words. I'll leave it as an excersize for the stupid, uh, I mean student, to use it to handle decimals and dollors/cents….
function to_words( i_this_number in number )
return varchar2
is
/*
Written by Joe Begenwald, 2005
_EMAIL_
*/
this_number varchar2(38) := to_char(i_this_number);
this_number_len number := length( this_number );
working_len number := length( this_number );
working_string varchar2(3);
pos number;
output_string varchar2(1000);
idx pls_integer := 1;
/*
the following list goes well past 38 digits.
the extra names are there just because I know them!
nothing past UNDECILLION will ever get used.
*/
type names_t is table of varchar2(100);
names names_t := names_t( null
,'thousand'
,'million'
,'billion'
,'trillion'
,'quadrillion'
,'quintillion'
,'sextillion'
,'septillion'
,'octillion'
,'nonillion'
,'decillion'
,'undecillion'
,'duodecillion'
,'tredecillion'
,'quattuordecillion'
,'quindecillion'
,'sexdecillion'
,'septendecillion'
,'octodecillion'
,'novemdecillion'
,'vigintillion' );
begin
while working_len > 0
loop
if working_len > 2
then
pos := working_len – 2;
else
pos := 1;
end if;
working_string := substr( this_number, pos, least(working_len,3) );
working_len := working_len – length(working_string);
output_string := lower( to_char( trunc(sysdate) +
to_number(working_string)/86400, 'SSSSSSP' ) )
|| ' ' || names(idx) || ' ' || output_string;
idx := idx + 1;
end loop;
return output_string;
end to_words;
]]>
By: nikunj _URL_ Wed, 28 Dec 2005 16:22:11 +0000 #comment-38159 Try this simple select… It will convert atleast between 1 and _PHONE_.
select decode( sign( &&num ), -1, 'Negative ', 0, 'Zero', NULL ) ||
decode( sign( abs(&num) ), +1, to_char( to_date( abs(&num),'J'),'Jsp') ) || ' Dollars Only'
from dual
/
Enjoy.
Nikunj
]]>
By: donkennedy _URL_ Wed, 28 Dec 2005 14:44:52 +0000 #comment-38160 Gee, I did this about 20 years ago in COBOL and it was not anywhere near that complex?
]]>
By: sanmails _URL_ Tue, 20 Dec 2005 21:18:58 +0000 #comment-38161 i am aware of this select to_char(to_date(123123,J),JSP) from dual,
But this will not go beyond certain value.
And i have already writtern a function to print numbers in words.
I just want to know whether it is possible to do in in single query. Using decode function something like that.
Anyway thanks for your ideas.
Cheers!
]]>
By: jolora _URL_ Mon, 19 Dec 2005 18:52:56 +0000 #comment-38162 As others have said, create a function and call it in your SELECT statement.
For example, if you create a function called TO_WORDS, you can use
SELECT COL1, COL3, TO_WORD(CAL5), …
Here is a fast and comprehensive function for you:
—————————————————-
declare
t varchar2(1000 );
function to_words( i_this_number in number )
return varchar2
is
/*
Written by Joe Begenwald, 2005
_EMAIL_
*/
this_number varchar2(38) := to_char(i_this_number);
this_number_len number := length( this_number );
working_len number := length( this_number );
working_string varchar2(3);
pos number;
output_string varchar2(1000);
idx pls_integer := 1;
/*
the following list goes well past 38 digits.
the extra names are there just because I know them!
nothing past UNDECILLION will ever get used.
*/
type names_t is table of varchar2(100);
names names_t := names_t( null
,'thousand'
,'million'
,'billion'
,'trillion'
,'quadrillion'
,'quintillion'
,'sextillion'
,'septillion'
,'octillion'
,'nonillion'
,'decillion'
,'undecillion'
,'duodecillion'
,'tredecillion'
,'quattuordecillion'
,'quindecillion'
,'sexdecillion'
,'septendecillion'
,'octodecillion'
,'novemdecillion'
,'vigintillion' );
begin
while working_len > 0
loop
if working_len > 2
then
pos := working_len – 2;
else
pos := 1;
end if;
working_string := substr( this_number, pos, least(working_len,3) );
working_len := working_len – length(working_string);
output_string := lower( to_char( trunc(sysdate) +
to_number(working_string)/86400, 'SSSSSSP' ) )
|| ' ' || names(idx) || ' ' || output_string;
idx := idx + 1;
end loop;
return output_string;
end to_words;
begin
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 1 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 12 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 123 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 1234 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 12345 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 123456 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( _PHONE_ ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( _PHONE_ ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 123456789 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( _PHONE_ ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( _PHONE_ ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 123456789012 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 1234567890123 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 12345678901234 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 1234567890


I am currently reading the book Mathematics in physics by Michael Stone and Paul Goldbart. In chapter 11, page 421, the authors say that
"Except in pathological cases, the configuration space M of a mechanical system is a manifold."
Are the authors correct? What examples are there of these pathological cases? Are there any physically relevant cases where the configuration space in classical mechanics is not a manifold? And why does configuration space have to be a manifold - what about variables taking on discrete values?
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ If the system has a configuration space of discrete values then anything which requires continuity won't apply. Like, for instance, Newton's laws. $\endgroup$ – user107153 Jan 8 '18 at 18:10
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Don't understand either.... What's the author's definition of manifolds? Strictly speaking manifolds should always be finite dimension, right (of course you could generalize to infinite dimension but that's the generalization...)? So even "manifolds" on Hilbert space are not manifolds... $\endgroup$ – Kite.Y Jan 8 '18 at 18:36
 - $\begingroup$ This post (v1) seems to be a list question. $\endgroup$ – Qmechanic Jan 8 '18 at 18:37
Consider a pair of points $P$ and $Q$, say of mass $m>0$, and suppose that they are constrained as follows.
 1. $Q$ stays on the $z$ axis and can freely move along it up to restrictions said below.
 2. $P$ can freely rotate around $z$ and is connected to $Q$ by means of an ideal rod (zero mass) of length $\ell$, and it is also connected to the origin $O$ by means of another ideal rod of length $\ell$.
This is a quite standard idealized mechanical system (I could use it as a starting point for an exercise of my undergraduate course of Analytic Mechanics).
A suitable coordinate system to describe the system is apparently given by the signed distance $Z\in (-2\ell, 2\ell)$ of $Q$ from $O$ along $z$ and an angular coordinate $\theta\in (-\pi,\pi]$ describing the position of $P$ around $z$ in the plane $x,y$.
Well you see that, discarding the extreme points $Z= \pm 2\ell$ (they could be included with a more precise discussion, see the ADDENDUM) a disaster shows up when $Z=0$.
Concerning the set $Z\in (-2\ell, 0)$ and $Z\in (0, +2\ell)$, the space of configurations is diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R \times \mathbb S^1$. When $Z=0$ the configuration space (at fixed $Z$) instead of being $\mathbb S^1$, it becomes $\mathbb S^2$ and another set of coordinates should be used.
There are two possibilities: either declaring that the configuration space is diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R \times \mathbb S^1$ deliberately ignoring the problem at $Z=0$, or declaring that it is not a ($2$-dimensional) manifold (because each point in the subset at $Z=0$ has a neighborhood that is not diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R^2$), but is made of the union of three manifolds respectively diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R \times \mathbb S^1$, $\mathbb S^2$, and $\mathbb R \times \mathbb S^1$. In practice, with an imprecise but pictorical description (see the ADDENDUM for a precise description) it is the union of a cylinder and a sphere inside the cylinder, tangent to the cylinder at the equator. This is not a manifold because it is not locally homeomorphic to $\mathbb R^n$ for some fixed $n$ ($2$ in our case).
Generally speaking the space of configuration is almost always a manifold because it is obtained by imposing constraints on a set of $N$ matter points initially described in $\mathbb R^{3N}$. Constrains are determined by a family of $c< 3n$ real-valued functions $f_k = f_k(t,\vec{x}_1,\cdots, \vec{x}_N)$ by imposing that every admissible configuration $\vec{x}_1,\cdots, \vec{x}_N$ at any time $t$ must satisfy $$f_k(t,\vec{x}_1,\cdots, \vec{x}_N) =0\:, \quad k=1,\ldots, c\:. \tag{1}$$ If the functions $f_k$ are smooth and functionally independent, the theorem of regular values proves that (1) defines an embedded submanifold of $\mathbb R \times \mathbb R^{3N}$ of dimension $1+ 3N-c$. Fixing time $t \in \mathbb R$, we have an embedded submanifold of $\mathbb R^{3N}$, of dimension $3N-c$, called space of configurations.
The two conditions of the constraints may be false for some points and it sometimes happens in particular when dealing with constraints like rigidity in some geometrically involved way.
ADDENDUM. If $X,Y, Z$ denote the coordinate set of $Q$ and $x,y,z$ the coordinate set of $P$, both in the whole $\mathbb R^3$ space, the four constraints, corresponding to the set of conditions 1 and 2 above, read
$$f(x,y,z, X,Y,Z)=0\:, \quad g(x,y,z,X,Y, Z)=0\:, \quad h(x,y,z, X,Y,Z)=0, \quad i(x,y,z, X,Y,Z)=0\tag{2}$$ where $$f(x,y,z, X,Y, Z) := x^2+y^2+z^2 -\ell^2\:, \quad g(x,y,z, X,Y,Z) := x^2+y^2+(z-Z)^2 -\ell^2\:, \quad g(x,y,z, X,Y,Z)= X\:, \quad i(x,y,z, X,Y,Z)= Y\:.$$ These constraints are functionally independent if, by definition, their differentials are linearly independent on the set of points $(x,y,z,X,Y, Z)$ where all conditions (2) are valid.
In this case theorem of regular values implies that this set is an embedded submanifold of $\mathbb R^3 \times \mathbb R^3$ with dimension $6-4 =2$. It is clear by direct computations that the four differentials are not linearly independent (because $df=dg$) when $Z=0$. This is the problem with the said system of constraints.
A precise description of the configuration space when including also the points $Z= \pm 2\ell$ is the union of two $2$-spheres in $\mathbb R^4$ that have an equator in common.
 - $\begingroup$ Sorry, I do not know, advanced geometric formulations of classical mechanics are not part of my research field. What I wrote arises from my undergraduate lectures (I teach also Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Mechanics though my research field is QM and QFT). $\endgroup$ – Valter Moretti Feb 27 '18 at 10:29
Your Answer


QC Deo Textile (50ml)
Deodorises your clothes and shoes safely and for a long time. The first 'prewash' that prevents odours, even at a low temperature.
Deodorises your clothes and shoes safely and for a long time. Sweat obtains an odour after bacteria (Corine bacteria) turn fatty acids (sweat) into volatile fatty acids. The amount of bacteria determines the strength of the sweat odour given off by the clothing.
Bacteria are killed at a temperature of around 80°C. Delicate clothing is washed at a temperature lower than 30°C, however. This means that the bacteria are not killed. After drying, these bacteria will remain present but inactive in our clothing. The next time the clothing comes into contact with a body and the moisture and temperature rise, the bacteria become active again. This explains why you might start to notice an odour with one blouse quicker than another.
QC Deo Textile contains zinc and silver ions. These eliminate bacteria that cause the typical sweat odour and keep your clothes fresh and odour free for a long time.
Use: can be used as pre-wash: allow QC Deo Textile to soak in for 30-45 minutes before washing the clothing. Deo Textile can also be used during the day, to freshen up clothing (and shoes). To do this, mist QC Deo Textile over the area you want to deodorise.
The main components and their effect
 - Zinc and silver ions: keep odours under control.
Artikel QC-100.12 Categorie Tags,,,,,


A new study out of Brigham Young University has found that despite popular belief, electric bicycle riders get nearly as much exercise as pedal bike riders.
The study was conducted by the Department of Public Health at BYU.
It focused on comparing electric mountain bikes to standard mountain bikes to determine the difference in exercise between the two forms of bicycles.
To measure physical exertion, the study affixed heart rate monitors to riders while they traversed the same trail on both types of mountain bikes.
Questionnaires were also used before and after the rides to determine the subjects' views towards electric bicycles and their perceptions of the difference between riding each type of bike. When researchers compared the riders' perceptions of the amount of exercise they received to the actual data, things got interesting.
greyp g6 test ride
A beautiful (and expensive) Greyp G6 electric mountain bike
Ultimately, the study determined that electric mountain bike riders achieved heart rates that were 94% as high as pedal mountain bikers, on average. Thus, the study determined that the electric mountain bike riders received almost as much exercise as the non-electric mountain bike riders.
Interestingly though, the study's questionnaires found that the riders perceived that the difference in exertion was actually much larger than in reality. Essentially, e-bike riders felt like they weren't working nearly as hard as they were. That finding suggests that the e-bike might have been providing some sort of placebo effect or increased confidence that helped offset the physical exertion in the riders' minds.
The study comes at a time when electric mountain bikes, and electric bikes in general, are becoming increasingly popular. The federal government just issued a ruling that opens all national parks to electric bikes, which could further boost the rapid adoption of electric bikes in the US.
Electrek's Take
I always knew that electric bicycles still provided a good workout (unless you're going throttle-only, of course), but I never knew it was this close.
I enjoy riding the trails as much as the next guy and now I can enjoy it even more knowing how much of a workout I'm actually getting.
That being said, there are some caveats here before we apply this to e-bikes across the board. For example, mountain biking is one of the more strenuous forms of cycling and it would make sense that electric and pedal bikes would see the smallest gap in exercise here since both require fairly high levels of exertion. If the test were repeated in a city setting, my guess is that the gap would be a bit larger than 6%.
But hopefully, this will be enough to shut up some of the haters who still look down on e-bikes as if they are some sort of abomination.
Source: The study via Outside
FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.
Black Friday
About the Author


Tuesday, September 28, 2010
Head construction: problem solved!
If you studied head construction by Andrew Loomis you'll understand the issue I'm talking about in this post.
On page 21 of Drawing the Heads and the Hands Loomis describes his method of constructing a head using analogy with a ball and a nail. It looks very simple and easy to understand...until you actually start constructing a head yourself.
My problem was with the "ear" line. I could not figure it out.I gave up and moved on.
A few days ago, I was reading a ConceptArt forum and came across the post called "How to correctly establish ellipses using Loomis head construction?" Needless to say how happy I was to discover that someone had asked my question. But the real treasure was ahead. There was that JohnB who shared his method of establishing ellipses. It was answer to my prayers! Thank you, JohnB!!!
Here is a link to the entire post: click here
JohnB has his own blog, interesting and very informative.
And this is John's tutorial I recreated:
1. Draw a cicle and mark the center (A)
2. Think about position of the face: is it looking up or down? turned to the left or right? Add a point (B) to where a "brow" cross will be
3. Connect A and B
4. Draw a brow line as per step 2
5. Add a line running through the center that is parallel to brow line
6. Add tick marks perpendicular to the line in step 5
7. Draw ellipse that starts and ends at tick marks you did in step 6 and passes brow point (B)
8. Draw a middle line (face line) that is tangent to the ellipse you just drew. This line determines the tilt of the face plane. This line and line you drew in step 4 are what Loomis calls "the all-important cross on the ball".
9. Draw a line that is parallel to the middle line from step 8. This is what Loomis refers to as a nail in the ball
10. Add tick marks that are perpendicular to the "nail" line
11. Draw ellipse that connects tick marks and goes through the brow point. This is a brow line.
12. Add tick marks that are perpendicular to AB line
13. Draw ellipse that connects the tick marks. This is "ear" line.
Johnnyburn said...
I like your addition of Loomis's "nail" in the top of the head.
I wanted to point out that the last ellipse goes through a point at the bottom and at the ear. It goes through a point at the ear, where the line DA intersects the "brow line" (the second ellipse you've drawn).
It also goes through a point at the bottom of the head, where the line AE intersects the "middle line" (the first ellipse you've drawn).
The heads-with-features that you've drawn look great!
Inna O. said...
thank you, John! You're absolutely right - now i can see mistakes myself. Corrected and reposted the image. Still so much to learn :-)
Michaela said...
This may be an old article, but I THANK YOU SO MUCH. I kind of went nuts as I was trying to understand what Andrew has ment. But I always got stuck with the earline... I was looking for an explanation on conceptart, but unfortunately the forums is down since yesterday so I was kinda alone with this question! But now I know!!! Thank youuu! :*
Inna O. said...
Thank you, Michaela. I'm glad it helped :-)


text: Sinawi, sometimes spelled shinawi, is a traditional form of Korean music. It is performed improvisationally by a musical ensemble, and traditionally accompanies the rites of Korean shamanism. The style first emerged in the Chungcheong and Jeolla provinces, but is now widespread. The traditional sinawi ensemble followed the principle of sam-hyeon-yuk-gak (三絃六角), with two flutes, a haegeum, a daegeum, a janggu hourglass-drum, and a large buk drum. However, today other traditional Korean instruments such as the gayageum and geomungo are also often included.


text:
Studies towards small-molecule-receptors selective for phospholipid anionic head groups in bacterial membranes
Meece, Frederick A.
AdvisorBurns, Dennis H.
MetadataShow full item record
Receptors specific for inorganic anions have been described for several decades. Several of these anions, i.e. chloride, phosphate, and acetate are essential in biology. A novel neutral anion receptor specific for the phosphate containing head group of bacterial membrane fatty acids was conceptualized as part of a possible broad spectrum antibiotic. The receptor and several related derivatives were synthesized over fourteen steps. The most important step which involved placing ureidomethylene groups to a bis‐phenolic scaffold was developed as a novel method. The method was probed for scope and utility with a variety of aromatic nucleophiles. The aforementioned anion receptors were tested for binding capabilities against several inorganic anions, and against a synthetic tetrabutylammonium salt of a phospholipid. Several of the derivatives were also tested for antibiotic activity against several species of gram negative bacteria. Finally, the receptors were used to bind chloride anion in solvents containing a variable amount of water to determine if the presence of water would result in stronger anion binding.
Thesis (Ph.d.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry


text:
AbstractEstimating wave-induced forces on water intake is challenging, particularly for large size intake (up to 15m in its cap diameter) subject to breaking waves in shallow water. The relationships between wave properties and wave loads are not well understood, and no simple methods are available to predict hydrodynamic loads on submerged intakes, particularly under breaking waves. This paper attempts to provide a method of assessing wave forces on water intake pipe and velocity cap using the Froude-Krylov formula, based on physical modeling test results for submerged intake under breaking waves.
Cornett A., Hecimovich M., Nistor I; Extreme wave loads on submerged water intakes in shallow water. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 27(1), February 2015.
Authors retain copyright and grant the Proceedings right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this Proceedings.


Prof. Pierre Boyer, Ph.D.
Project: A2, C5
SFB Associate A2, C5
École Polytechnique
Department of Economics
Route de Saclay
FR-91128 Palaiseau
Tel.: +33 (0) 1-6933-3035
Email: pierre.boyer
Pierre is an assistant professor of economics at CREST-Ecole Polytechnique (Paris). His research interests include public economics, political economy, european integration, and banking regulation.. This involves working projects that explore how the political economy forces shape the policy instruments observed in practice (e.g. the income tax schedule, or the level of publi debt). His previous research has been published in leading journals such as the Quarterly Journal of Economics and the Journal of Public Economics.


text:
There are many reasons why MNOs should require their network equipment supply partners to participate in the scheme. Importantly, operators have a duty of care to their subscribers and authorities to safeguard their telecommunications assets. After all, these constitute critical national infrastructure in many countries. What's more, data privacy regulation is an imperative obligation and resilience to breaches is of paramount importance.
GSMA NESAS helps assure the security and resilience of network equipment security. GSMA recommends that operators request their network equipment suppliers participate in NESAS — and provide evidence of this. Especially during their procurement processes. Significantly, all equipment vendors who have successfully undergone the Process Audit and Product Evaluation will have certificates to prove it.
Discover the other benefits of NESAS for you:
- One global network security scheme which reflects the security needs of the entire ecosystem
- The only network security scheme that's defined by the industry, for the industry (through the GSMA and 3GPP)
- Reliable mechanism when considering your supply chain and procurement – involving independent auditing and testing for determining the baseline standard to which vendors conform
- Visibility of security capabilities of equipment vendors and their network products prior to purchase
- Streamlines the procurement process, reducing the need to test the security of common network elements across candidate suppliers
- Individual operators can reduce security testing efforts, by outsourcing baseline testing to accredited test laboratories
- A successful track record
If you would like to know more or speak to someone about GSMA NESAS, please get in touch.


Advertisement
Hydrotechnical Construction
, Volume 12, Issue 4, pp 363–368 | Cite as
Practical method for calculating creep of foundations of hydraulic structures
 - I. K. Samarin
Papers
 - 18 Downloads
Conclusions
 1. 1.
 Equations (5)–(8) can be recommended for calculating creep settlements and displacements of clays with consistency B<0.5. In this case it is necessary to take into account the increase in the viscosity coefficient with increase of depth and with time. At the observed stations creep diminishes quite rapidly, which is indicated by the small values of the coefficients K(S) (Table 2).

 2. 2.
 The thicknesses of the compressible (H) and displaceable (Hdi) layers for calculating creep can be taken (for a consistency of clays equal to 0–0.5): H=B; Hdi=0.4Bs (Bs is the width of the structure).

 3. 3.
 A comparison of the calculations for the Volga-Lenin and Kaunas stations shows that tangential stresses in the foundation greater than the creep threshold can be allowed. This will permit a more economical design of retaining structures.

 4. 4.
 The described method permits predicting also the deformation of the slopes of a pumped-storage plant.

Keywords
Viscosity Clay Energy Source Power Generation Power Engineer
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preview
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Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature cited
 1. 1.
 Yu. K. Zaretskii, Theory of Consolidation of Soils [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1967).Google Scholar
 2. 2.
 Z. G. Ter-Martirosyan, "Secondary compression of clays," Tr. MISI im. V. V. Kuibyshev, No. 140 (1977).Google Scholar
 3. 3.
 I. K. Samarin, V. V. Ermakov, and A. I. Lyubimov, "Calculation of foundations for hydraulic structures," Tr. Gidroproekt, No. 32 (1973).Google Scholar
 4. 4.
 V. S. Vyalov, "Kinetic theory of soil deformation," in: Trans. of the Symposium on Soil Rheology [in Russian], Erevan (1976).Google Scholar
 5. 5.
 N. N. Maslov and K. T. Kodzhamanov, "Some problems of predicting the settlement of structures constructed on unsaturated soils," Osn. Fundam. Mekh. Gruntov, No. 4 (1970).Google Scholar
 6. 6.
 N. N. Maslov, Long-Time Stability and Displacements of Retaining Structures [in Russian], Énergiya, Moscow (1968).Google Scholar
 7. 7.
 A. A. Ilyushin, Plasticity [in Russian], Gostekhizdat, Moscow (1948).Google Scholar
 8. 8.
 N. I. Bezukhov, Fundamentals of the Theory of Elasticity, Plasticity, and Creep [in Russian], Vysshaya Shkola, Moscow (1968).Google Scholar
 9. 9.
 I. K. Samarin, Calculations of the Foundations for Hydraulic Structures [in Russian], Stroiizdat, Moscow (1971).Google Scholar
 10. 10.
 V. I. Vutsel', I. K. Samarin, and S. V. Sinyavskii, "Calculation of the stability and deformation of the slopes of dams of pumped-storage plants," Tr. Gidroproekt, No. 32 (1973).Google Scholar
 11. 11.
 G. M. Lomize, I. N. Ivashchenko, E. A. Ishakhanov, et al., "Deformability, strength, and creep of clayey-soil walls of high dams," Gidrotekh. Stroit., No. 11 (1970).Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Plenum Publishing Corporation 1978
Authors and Affiliations
 - I. K. Samarin
There are no affiliations available
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Visualizing Language Use in Team Conversations: Designing Through Theory, Experiments, and Iterations
One way to potentially help people develop effective teamwork skills is to visualize elements of their language use during team conversations. There are several challenges in designing such visualizations, such as how to balance attention between the conversation and the visualization and how much guidance to offer about appropriate behaviors. We discuss the design space around these questions in the context of GroupMeter, a chatroom augmented with visualizations of language use. We generate and critique potential answers to these questions using prior theoretical and empirical work, then describe how the interface evolved and how our answers changed over a series of prototypes we deployed in experimental studies. We conclude with the lessons from our experience that could be used by designers of collaboration-enhancing systems.


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Definitions of thrust:
- noun: verbal criticism
Example: "He enlivened his editorials with barbed thrusts at politicians"
- noun: the act of applying force to propel something
- noun: a thrusting blow with a knife or other sharp pointed instrument
- noun: the force used in pushing
Example: "The thrust of the jet engines"
- noun: a sharp hand gesture (resembling a blow)
Example: "He made a thrusting motion with his fist"
- verb: press or force
Example: "She thrust the letter into his hand"
- verb: push upward
Example: "The front of the trains that had collided head-on thrust up into the air"
- verb: geology: thrust (molten rock) into pre-existing rock
- verb: push forcefully
Example: "He thrust his chin forward"
- verb: impose or thrust urgently, importunately, or inexorably
- verb: penetrate or cut through with a sharp instrument
- verb: place or put with great energy
Example: "Thrust the money in the hands of the beggar"
- verb: make a thrusting forward movement
Search for thrust at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
"Works flawlessly!": RhymeZone apps for iPhone/iPad and Android!
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Enjoying good weather all year round, Onslow in Western Australia (WA) is a pretty coastal town offering a relaxed holiday. It's one of the few places where the sun rises and sets over water, and is the gateway to the Mackerel Islands. With access via sealed roads from Karratha, Exmouth, Carnarvon and Karijini, Onslow and the Mackerel Islands is the quintessential coastal expression of the Pilbara region.
Established in 1883, Onslow was originally home to a fleet of pearling luggers. Due to the movement of the river over the years, the town and many of its historic buildings were relocated in 1925 to the new township site.
Wander along the Onslow Boardwalk for spectacular sunrises and sunsets. Check out Mother Nature's amazing monthly event, the Staircase to the Moon. Or visit the Goods Shed Museum and see its vast collection of old machinery and memorabilia.
The Mackerel Islands
The Mackerel Islands are located 22 kilometres off the Onslow coast. The surrounding reef system provides a valuable link for marine life between the Ningaloo Reef to the south and the Dampier Archipelago, Montebello Islands and Rowley Shoals to the north.
Of the 10 islands that make up the Mackerels group, two provide accommodation - Thevenard Island and Direction Island. Join a Mackerel Islands tour and explore this watery wonderland, or even rent an island all to yourself! See the Mackerel Island website for more details.
Mackerel Islands Fishing
The waters surrounding the islands are teeming with a carnival of marine life, ideal for diving, snorkelling and fishing. The daily sightings in Pilbara's fishiest waters includes red emperor, spangled emperor, golden trevally, giant trevally and coral trout. You can also try Onslow's own fishing spots at the Groyne or
Four Mile Creek.
On Thevenard Island, the show continues with turtle hatchings, migratory birds and other amazing wildlife. Bring your own boat, or join a Mackerel Islands fishing or diving tour. For more information about booking
accommodation and tours of the Mackerel Islands and Onslow, contact Onslow Visitor Centre.


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Code Enforcement & Inspections
You will have an on-demand, web-based solution to manage all code enforcement activities, including:
- Demand and recurring inspections
- Violation issuance and tracking
- Fines and penalties
- Court proceedings
This solution can be used for code enforcement complaints, health and safety, occupancy, fire protection, building management, and more.
Your benefits will include increased convenience for inspectors and other field personnel, increased revenue opportunities, and time savings for all concerned.
View samples of a code enforcement case.
Inspectors can, from the field or in the office:
- Maintain and view up-to-the-minute schedules
- Create and print inspection lists, violation notices, and citations
- Track the status and update code enforcement cases
Office Personnel can automatically:
- Receive and open cases resulting from complaints
- Schedule inspectors based on type, location, availability, etc.
- Compute, assess, and monitor collection of fines and penalties
License and Administration Officials can, by acquiring this solution:
- Review the complete history of a specific code enforcement case, including those arising from citizen complaints
- Review the complete history of code enforcement cases for a specific property
- Review up-to-the-minute reports on activity including number of inspections by type, violations by type, average processing time, and the like
Visit our FastTrackGov® website at _URL_ today.


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Wondering how to dispose of acetone? Acetone is a solvent. It is used in a variety of items at home. For example, it may be found in certain wood varnishes and stains. It's been touted as an effective paint remover. Adhesives are another common application for acetone.
On the other hand, most individuals will be aware of acetone through nail-polish remover. That product contains acetone with a little bit of isopropyl alcohol.
How Dangerous is Acetone?
You'll need to keep the windows open when using an acetone-based product. In some situations, you may even need to wear a filter mask. Because acetone is such a powerful solvent, this is the case. Even tiny amounts can result in serious breathing issues.
Acetone is also an extremely combustible liquid. It will ignite if a naked flame approaches it. In fact, not only will the acetone catch fire, but so will everything else within a radius of several feet.
As you might imagine, because acetone is a hazardous chemical, you should be very cautious when discarding it. If you don't take precautions, your garbage can could burn.
Acetone is highly combustible. It isn't like gasoline, where it can just be poured down a drain or washed away in the water supply. Rather, acetone is flammable. While it does happen rarely, something can ignite acetone.
Once acetone has been disposed of improperly, it will begin to seep into the earth's soil around it. This will lead to a complete loss of fertility in the surrounding area.
Things You Need to Dispose of Acetone
When you're ready to get rid of acetone, you first need to understand how to dispose of it properly. You'll need a few supplies before getting started. Here's what you'll need:
- A funnel
- An absorbent material like cat litter, sawdust, or sand
- Safety gloves
- A mask (if you're dealing with large amounts of acetone)
- A plastic garbage bag
- A sealable metal container
How to Dispose of Acetone?
When you follow all of the necessary procedures carefully, disposing of acetone is simple. Make sure you have your safety equipment ready before beginning.
We've divided the process of eliminating acetone into three methods. Here are some examples of how to safely get rid of acetone:
1. Disposing of Acetone Cleaning Products
Acetone is a non-toxic, biodegradable chemical. Acetone use with cotton balls or swabs should be placed in a plastic bag and thrown away afterward. Tie the bag and put it in your regular trash.
After removing soaked cotton balls, wash your hands. If you have a lot of acetone on hand, squeeze them into a separate container to eliminate any excess. Place the container in its original packaging and send it to a recycling facility as normal refuse.
2. Disposing of Acetone Paint Thinner
Wear protective gloves and a face mask while removing acetone paint thinner. This is to avoid the fumes of paint thinner from harming you. Pour the used paint thinner into a jar or sealable container through a coffee filter.
As the liquid dries, it will accumulate in the filter, and the rest of the product (the solvent) will pour into the jar. Ensure that your jar or container has an airtight lid before closing it up for storage.
Allow the paint to dry in the coffee filters, wrap them in newsprint, and throw them away in your home. The acetone from this jar may also be used as a paint thinner again. On the label of the pot, write down the type of thinner and when you are straining it.
Locate a hazardous waste recycling and disposal facility near your property if possible. EPA or Earth911 websites can help you find these centers.
3. Disposing of Leftover Acetone
In addition to the above, it's critical to properly dispose of any unwanted acetone, old nail polish, or remover. Keep unused nail polish and remover bottles in a separate container in your salon or at home.
A tiny portion of this container should be sent to a local hazardous waste recycling facility. Never drain the acetone nail polish remover down the sink.
Similarly, if you have any acetone left over, put it in a sealed container. Please keep it away from flammable things and hot surfaces. Once in a secure container, go to the EPA or Earth911 websites and look for a recycling center near you.
Now that you know how to dispose of acetone let's talk about how to store it. Acetone should always be kept in a cool, dry place. It should also be kept away from any heat sources or open flames. The ideal storage temperature for acetone is between 50°F and 77°F (between -15°C and 25°C).
Acetone is a flammable liquid, so it's important to keep it in a safe place. A metal container with a tight-fitting lid is the best option for storing acetone. Glass containers are also an option, but they're more likely to break if dropped.
Acetone Safety Tips
When working with acetone, it's important to take some basic safety precautions. Here are a few things to keep in mind:
- Acetone is a flammable liquid, so it should be kept away from heat sources and open flames.
- Acetone is harmful if inhaled, so it's important to work in a well-ventilated area.
- If you get acetone on your skin, wash it off immediately with soap and water.
- If you get acetone in your eyes, flush them out with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention.
Acetone is a safe solvent for home use but is classified as hazardous waste. It's necessary to follow local hazardous waste disposal standards. To avoid spills, store acetone in a sealed container.
Acetone has negative and positive effects on one's health and the environment. If you have any unused or used acetone, the first step is to pour it into a sealable container. Then, go to your local recycling facility and leave the container with them.
Where can I find a hazardous waste recycling facility near me?
The EPA or Earth911 websites can help you find these centers.
Can I pour acetone down the drain?
No, it would help if you never poured acetone down the drain.
Can I store acetone in a plastic container?
No, acetone is a flammable liquid, so it should be stored in a metal or glass container with a tight-fitting lid.


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Species: Queen of the Andes (Puya raimondii)
Status: Endangered (EN)
Interesting Fact: The Queen of the Andes may take as long as 80 to 150 years to flower and will only flower once before dying.
The Queen of the Andes is best known for its spectacular flower spike, which can reach up to 10 metres high. These spikes bear over 8,000 whitish-green blooms, which turn purple with age. The Queen of the Andes is a monocarpic species, meaning that it will die after flowering for the first time. These plants produce as many as 8 to 12 million seeds, but if conditions are not suitable few seeds will survive to germination. This means that a plant that is more than a century old may never actually reproduce successfully. The Queen of the Andes grows in the harsh, high-altitude environment of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia. This highly adapted species produces an anti-freeze chemical in its sap to survive freezing temperatures.
Today, the Queen of the Andes has an extremely fragmented distribution. Vegetation destruction, grazing by livestock, fires, and the introduction of exotic species all threaten this species. The Andean region is regarded as a priority for plant conservation, meaning action is urgently required to preserve this unique ecosystem and its important vegetation.
Find out more about the Queen of the Andes on the IUCN Red List website.


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Frequent exercise by adults can help delay the aging process, according to a Canadian study.
The study, published in the prestigious science journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, used mice to compare the effects of a lifetime of regular exercise over a non-active lifestyle.
The researchers from McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont. worked with a litter of mice that were genetically programmed to age quickly. They then had a select group of mice involved in repeated physical activity, like running on a wheel.
After five months, the mice who exercised not only looked younger, their internal organs were also healthier.
Dr. Mark Tarnopolsky, the study leader, said "Exercise truly is the fountain of youth."
"We were surprised at how effective exercise was," he told CTV News. "It turned out to be more effective than we thought."
Tarnopolsky said that studies have shown non-active people can still take advantage of the benefits of exercise including increased energy, more mobility and healthier organs.


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Aspirations is a welcoming dance and theatre school based in Crosby where we aim to ensure that your child achieves his/her potential as a valued member of the school.
We believe in the concept of lifelong learning and the notion that both adults and children learn new things every day. We maintain that learning should be a rewarding and enjoyable experience for everyone: it should be fun. We believe that appropriate teaching and learning experiences help children to lead happy and rewarding lives.
We believe that people learn best in different ways. At our school we aim to provide a rich and varied learning environment that allows pupils to develop their skills and abilities to their full potential.
Real learning can only take place in a well-ordered and caring school like Aspirations. That is why we emphasise good behaviour, full attendance, appropriate appearance, hard work, a positive attitude and concern for others.


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Fables of the Amazon: Fun Lessons in Ecology
Natural history and ecology are fascinating and complex subjects. Fables of the Amazon make them a whole lot more fun.
Each of these 11 short stories is drawn from actual field observations made by the authors, and as such is scientifically accurate, often presenting little-known insight on the ecology and behaviour of its wildlife characters.
This comic is self-published, and was created in the early 2000s when my friend, mentor and field biologist colleague, Dr. Louise H. Emmons, suggested we collaborate on a completely different venture: a comic book of ecology. Drawing upon decades of field experience and her unique knowledge, Louise wrote most of the stories, and I did the artwork.
Click on the book below to view a sample!


text: V-Tent is an ecofriendly parking system that protects and charges vehicles. It is a collapsible canopy that can be used in both personal and public parking areas. Aiming to create a sustainable system for urban environment, V-Tent offers a safe space for electric cars either at home or in city. Functioning as a canopy that prevents weather side-effects such as sun heat or snow, design protects vehicles physically from environmental conditions. Therefore, it prolongs the life and maintenance cycle of vehicles in the long run. Also designed as a precaution for theft, structural elements of design work as barriers. System of V-Tent in public usage is designed as a space saving parking lot space that runs on fee. With a simple interface, user is able to choose parking period and make payment by card. Being informed with an estimated charging time, drivers can access the system interface remotely via smartphone applications. Band light on V-Tent indicates availability and charge percentage with color and length. Produced energy from solar power can be used in urban applications such as lighting, where individual users can also benefit carbon-free energy for their usage.


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Main focus: Remote Sensing
Languages: English, German
Topics: remote sensing, data and society, digital activism, sustainable agriculture
Lisa has been researching the topic of satellite imagery as applied to agriculture, the environment, and human rights for the past year. Her masters thesis was titled, "Satellite Imagery in Agriculture: Commercialisation and Sustainability in Germany," and she has also given a talk at the Chaos Communication Camp specifically related to the data protection and privacy implications of widespread satellite imagery availability.
She works at Tactical Technology Collective, an organisation dedicated to the use of information in activism where in addition to using satellite imagery in her work, she works on projects dealing with digital security for marginalised communities.
Alongside this for the past two years she has been an active participant at the urban gardening project, Prinzessinnengarten, in Kreuzberg, Berlin, where she has led workshops, organised garden work days and films, and taken part in the urban gardening and sustainable cities discourses.
Examples of previous talks / appearances:
Satellite imagery has been used since the 1960s to monitor agricultural activities at a national and international level. It is only now that the image quality and cost feasibility have made satellite imagery available to individual farmers in application to crop quality analysis, yield prediction, and other measures related to precision farming. Farmers can now pinpoint problem areas of their fields and address them on the spot, rather than blanketly spraying fertilizer and pesticides, which has the potential for environmental and economic benefits. However, this development has launched agriculture into new territory ridden with issues of privacy, data protection, and autonomy of farm inputs and activities. This is a discussion of the state of affairs in agricultural earth observation and what we can do to ensure that it is used for improved practices and not against the producers of our food.


How Often Do Lions Need To Eat?
Lions are believed to feed every three or four days, and need on average between 5kg and 7kg of meat a day.
But they can go without food for more than a week and then tear into prey, eating up to 50kg of meat at a time – that's almost a quarter of the animal's body weight.
How long can a lion go without eating?
14 days
How much food does a lion need per day?
Big Cats Require Big Calories
Studies of wild lions have estimated that they eat between 10 and 25 pounds of food per day. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums recommends slightly less for captive animals, and suggests that the average male requires 8 pounds of food per day, while females require about 6 pounds.
What does a lion need to survive?
Their tan color allows lions to blend in with the savannas, open woodlands and deserts in which they live. Lions primarily hunt hoofed animals, such as zebras and wildebeest, so they have developed loose skin on their bellies that protects them from the frantic kicks of their prey.
How do lions feed?
Lions usually eat their prey at the site of the hunt. However, if they kill their prey in the water, they drag it to the ground and then eat it. If they do not finish all the meat at a time, they safeguard it from scavengers and wait for some hours before eating it.
Are Lions loyal to their mate?
Lions live in prides that consist of one primary male lion, several females and one or two lesser males. The primary male mates with his lionesses. Females might also mate with more than one partner. Several females are likely to be in heat at the same time.
Are Lions loyal?
The lion will definitely kill the person who raised him since birth exactly because he is so loyal to him. Lions are nothing but big cats. They behave like one too.


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IML (In Mould Labelling) is the integration of IML label with the packaging during the injection. In this process, firstly,label is placed into the IML injection mould, thenmelt thermoplastic polymer combines with IML label and takes the shape of the mold. Thus, production of packaging and labelling performed at the same time.
IML process can be applied withblow molding, injection molding and thermoforming technologies.
Nowadays, in-mould labelling has become preferable because of the several major advantages by many sectors such as food, industrial pails, chemistry, health etc.
Advantages of IML
- Environmentally friendly, consist of100% recycledmaterial.
- Resistant to mechanical, thermal and chemical effects.
- Has lower production time and lower production cost.
- Provides wide ranges of images and effects such as matt, glossy, high glossy, orange peel, partial lacquer, no-label look etc.
- Provides high resolution printing. (Photo Quality Printing)
- Allows quick design corrections and changeovers.
- Less defects / rejects
- No post labeling step is necessary
- Faster production line speeds are possible
- Can be applied to corners and complex shaped containers
- No need to keep an in-house container inventory anymore


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Our wines honor Ojo de Agua's great legacy in Argentina. Ojo de Agua first came to life in 1868 when the legendary Pedro Luro bought the land in the foothills of the Sierra de la Vigilancia from the Argentine Rural Society. Soon after, because of its ideal climate and soil, it became the mecca of thoroughbred horseracing, and raised some of the best horses not only in Argentina, but known throughout the world for its award-winning stallions.
The Ojo de Agua Estancia, which stands on 2,000 hectares of land at the foothills of the Sierra de la Vigilancia, comes to life in 1868 thanks to Pedro Luro, who bought it from the Argentine Rural Society. It's located in the General Pueyrredón between Mar del Plata and Balcarce. The name Ojo de Agua, which means eye of the water, comes from the thousands of liters of natural spring mountain water that flows daily through the farm.
The area is chosen for its ideal climate and soil. Thoroughbred horse racing begins and the master estancia house is built.
The first stallion, Kendal, is acquired from England, influencing thoroughbred breeding across Argentina. The Ojo de Agua horses begin to receive international awards and honors.
They acquire more famous stallions, like Cyllene and Polar Star. Cyllene is known as "the Best Horse in the World", winning the National Prize in Buenos Aires three times, and numerous million dollar offers. Owner Doña María Luro says, "Cyllene is priceless" and does not sell.
Congreve, who revolutionized the Turf Mundial, was acquired in 1930. 170 of his offspring are winners, and six who won the Gran Premio Nacional, the oldest race in South America.
Aristophanes, father of the glorious Forli, is acquired, and later wins the most important national awards. Winner of the Triple Crown in Argentina, is sent to the USA. Another winner.
Good Manners is acquired, the stallion in Argentina with the most wins, and considered to be the grandfather stallion.
Dieter Meier buys the Ojo de Agua estancia, maintaining the 19th century aesthetic and charm. Meier sees incredible farming potential in this Golden Land, and begins to raise cattle, produce beef, and honor Ojo de Agua's history and legacy in Argentina. He also journeys across the entire country in search of the richest soil to produce organic wine and natural products in Mendoza, Salta and Patagonia.


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The data I have used here are from ONS and the Department of Health.
The 141 GP commissioning consortia are the first two waves of "pathfinder consortia" and cover half of the population of England. The 152 PCTs cover the entire population of England (two PCTs, Surrey and Hampshire, have been omitted since these are outliers with populations over 1 million).
The most noticeable feature of this graph is that the pathfinder consortia tend to be much smaller than PCTs. The median size for GP Consortia (light blue) is 157,000 whereas for PCTs (dark blue) the median is 282,000.
The government's Impact Assessments that accompany the Bill (section A64) states:
Overall, the future costs are dependent on a number of factors, particularly the number and size of GP Consortia, on which the Department is not being prescriptive. Ultimately, the extent to which GP Consortia can and will join together to perform functions will be the determinant of future costs. Preliminary analysis suggests that if GP Consortia are established with an average size of 100,000 population, in a similar form to PCTs and without any sharing of resources to deliver some functions, then some functions may incur additional costs. This could mean that the savings of £1.3bn a year from reduced administration costs may be partially offset by up to £475 million.This suggests that size does matter, and the smaller consortia will not be able to commission services as efficiently as the larger consortia. The government is committed to an arbitrary cut by one third in commissioning costs and so this will put immense pressures upon GP commissioners.
In response to the NHS white paper the BMA held a half day event to consider the issues surrounding GP commissioning. The consensus from this event gave a figure on the minimum size for consortia:
The majority of delegates felt that anything smaller than a population of around 500,000 may face difficulties and carry too much risk, while it would not be able to take advantage of the necessary economies of scale to ensure that commissioning was efficient. There was also recognition that commissioning groups would need to be of sufficient size for credible interaction with acute trusts and local authorities.... It was suggested that within commissioning groups covering 500,000 or more patients, locality arrangements could be put in place to facilitate local engagement and the development of locally relevant patient pathways. Where consortia are smaller than this, it is likely that they would need to collaborate with their neighbours and where appropriate form larger federations.A study by Civitas says:
In 10 European countries analysed, seven have seen a consolidation of commissioning organisations over the past 15 to 20 years, two have seen no change. In only one country (Spain, due to devolution) has the number of commissioning organisations increased. In all countries apart from Switzerland the average population coverage of a commissioner is above 300,000 people.None of these suggest that the median pathfinder size of 157,000 is optimal. The smaller consortia will have three options:
- Merge with another consortium. In this case the consortia lose their original identity.
- Cluster with other consortia and share the commissioning.
- Purchase the commissioning from the private sector.


Jólan van der Wiel's Gravity Stool defies the forces of nature as it is pulled by a
Jólan van der Wiel's Gravity Stool defies the forces of nature as it is pulled by a "magnet machine"
Jólan van der Wiel defies gravity
Gerrit Rietveld Academie graduate uses super strength magnet to make uniquely shaped furniture
Dutch designer Jólan van der Wiel has been developing furniture made using a unique combination of magnetic plastic and gravity to create objects that are as strange as they are beautiful. Van der Wiel studied at the Gerrit Rietveld Academie in Amsterdam, an institution renowned for its highly conceptual and experimental approach to teaching and which routinely encourages its students to push the boundaries of design. It was during his time here that he created the process by which his amazing magnetic creations are born. He placed iron shavings and liquid plastic in a bowl below a magnetic block attached to a pulley and lowered it slowly until the magnetic force prompted the mixture below to rise upwards in jagged stalagmite-like formations towards the magnet. These crystalline constructions would then become the legs of his Gravity Stools. The video below, shot by Miranda Stet, poetically demonstrates the process taking place.
"Departing from the idea that everything is influenced by gravitation, a force that has a strongly shaping effect, I intended to manipulate this natural phenomenon by exploiting its own power: magnetism," the designer explains. "The positioning of the magnetic fields in the machine, opposing each other, largely determines the final shape of the Gravity Stool."
Jólan van der Wiel, Gravity Stool (Purple)Jólan van der Wiel, Gravity Stool (Purple)
The organic appearance and unique formation of each stool is connected to the growth of natural organisms. "The forms and products are characterised by the freakish and organic shapes so typical of nature itself." His innovative approach to design has just won him the prestigious [D3] Contest for young designers at the imm Cologne Fair. Van der Wiel's product was chosen from 689 entries from 44 different countries.
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