text:
EROI LOCALI E IMPERATORI A PERGE (PAMPHYLIA): I MONUMENTI
Local heroes and emperors at Perge (Pamphylia): the evidence
of the monuments
The subject of this paper is the analysis of some monuments of
the second century AD in Perge (Pamphylia), decorated with imperial portraits and statues of local gods and heroes. The case of the transformation of the South Gate into a monument celebrating the imperial dynasty, the city and the benefactor's family shows how Plancia Magna acted at Perge. Plancia Magna, who financed important public works for the city, illustrates the role of benefactor of the senatorial class at that period. Imperial portraits are exhibited together with local gods and heroes also in the Nymphaeum North, in the South Bath and in the last redecoration of the theater (end of the third centuryAD).


MPEP Q & A 158: Can Maintenance Fees be Paid in Cash?
 Can Maintenance Fees be Paid in Cash?
Can maintenance fees be paid in cash?
Maintenance fees may not be paid in cash.
A maintenance fee may be paid:
 - with Treasury notes
 - with national bank notes
 - with post office money orders
 - with certified checks
 - over the internet by electronic funds transfer (EFT), credit card, or deposit account payment methods
Chapter Details:
The answer to this question can be found in chapter 2500 of the MPEP. This chapter covers maintenance fees.
The answer is from the 9th Edition, Revision 08.2017. Depending on future changes to the MPEP, the question and answer may or may not be applicable in later Editions or revisions.
Section Summary:
This question and answer comes from section 2522 of the MPEP. The following is a brief summary of section 2522.
2522 Methods of Payment
This section outlines the ways a maintenance fee may be paid. In addition, it covers instances when the payment will not be accepted (like, for instance, when the payment is less than the required amount).


text:
If topological analysis explains what the system is about, what it consists of/in, what it is, use of.
If it is the purpose of the system, in a broad sense, use for.
In many cases, both would be possible and correct, in which case of is usually preferred. Sometimes one of these prepositions would be incorrect for no apparent reason, even though it should have been possible if you consider its meaning:
- a cup of tea
-? a cup for tea — [sounds odd: it's just that we're too much used to "tea-cup" in this sense]
Topological-analysis system (you need a hyphen) looks acceptable but a bit less stylistically pleasing than the other two. I'd use such noun adjectives mainly with short words, such as hot-water tap. Because there is no preposition, the reader will have to guess what kind of connection there is between one noun phrase and the other. In addition, he needs to read a large part of the sentence and understand what it is about before he can tell which word belongs to which; consider this example:
The spectrometer robots system analysis utilizes is malfunctioning.
Is it spectrometer robot and system analysis? Or spectrometer robot system and analysis? Or spectrometer and robot system analysis? Compare to this sentence:
The spectrometer analysis of the robots system utilizes is malfunctioning.
This is still a terribly ugly sentence, but at least the reader will see that there is only one possible reading after a few tries. This is just a demonstration of the fact that noun adjectives generally provide less information about the structure of a sentence than other, wordier constructions. (To make this sentence acceptable, add that after spectrometer.)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The Supreme Court of Canada is hearing an appeal brought by a Toronto-area man, Pardeep Singh Chouhan, who was convicted of murder and is arguing changes to the way juries are selected was unconstitutional.
Ottawa tried to make juries more diverse. Critics say its changes had the opposite effect
Changes by the federal government to jury selection — brought in to diversify juries and help combat systemic racism in the courts — will actually have the opposite effect, argue a number of associations representing racialized lawyers.
The changes were introduced in the wake of the Gerald Stanley trial in Saskatchewan in 2018. Stanley, a white man, was acquitted by a jury of second-degree murder in the shooting death of 22-year-old Indigenous man Colten Boushie.
Media reports at the time said that the defence was using what were known as "peremptory challenges" to dismiss any potential juror who appeared Indigenous.
Peremptory challenges allowed both Crown and defence lawyers to dismiss a certain number of potential jurors during jury selection without having to give a reason. After the Stanley acquittal, the federal government moved to abolish the challenges.
That change now forms part of an appeal being heard at the Supreme Court of Canada on Wednesday, brought by a Toronto-area man, Pardeep Singh Chouhan, who was convicted of murder and is arguing the removal of peremptory challenges was unconstitutional.
A number of legal groups, including associations representing Black, Asian and Muslim lawyers, have intervened in the case, arguing that the removal of peremptory challenges does not in fact help tackle systemic racism in the courts, and harms a person of colour's right to a fair trial by jury.
They point out that people of colour accused of a crime often used the challenges to help ensure people with perceived biases didn't make it on to the jury that would ultimately decide their fate — in a system where jury pools remain significantly white and Black, Indigenous and people of colour remain overrepresented as accused persons.
Among the intervenors who argue in favour of the ban on the challenges are Toronto-based legal clinic Aboriginal Legal Services, and Debbie Baptiste, Colten Boushie's mother.
The South Asian Bar Association argues in its filing that peremptory challenges were a "crucial tool" for people of colour accused of a crime, allowing them to evaluate whether a potential juror would treat their case fairly.
"Parliament ostensibly eliminated peremptory challenges to increase jury diversity — but the change is fundamentally misguided," the association wrote in its filing.
"At the end of the day, Parliament eliminated the peremptory challenge because a white person — who already starts with every relative advantage in the criminal justice system — abused the power in order to eliminate a minority group from his jury.
"In response to that abuse, Parliament stripped every accused person of colour of his or her peremptory challenges."
The ban on peremptory challenges was introduced in spring 2018 as part of a massive piece of federal legislation known as Bill C-75, the Liberal government's attempt at revamping the justice system.
Former justice minister Jody Wilson-Rayboud said at the time that the bill "aims to bring about a wide-reaching cultural shift in the criminal justice system and how it is administered throughout the country."
But critics have argued that the removal of peremptory challenges was short-sighted, and that regulating their use would have been far better than getting rid of them completely.
"Parliament failed to give proper consideration to the impact of the abolition of peremptory challenges on Black accused, the result of which is the exacerbation of the very issue that it claimed to fix: systemic racism," says the Canadian Association of Black Lawyers in its filing.
"Historically, the primary rationale underlying the use of peremptory challenges was that it allowed the accused person to participate in the selection of his or her trier of fact, thereby adding a sense of legitimacy to the jury."
Debbie Baptiste, Colten Boushie's mother, points out that Indigenous people were systematically excluded from juries for much of Canada's history, and that peremptory challenges are a form of race-based discrimination.
Her filing states that five visibly Indigenous people were challenged by the defence during jury selection at the Stanley trial.
"From the perspective of Indigenous people who have been historically targeted and victimized, the existence of peremptory challenges as mechanisms for discrimination does not support the perception of a fair trial or an impartial jury," says the filing.
Aboriginal Legal Services also echoed the argument in their filing that the challenges have "unquestionably excluded" Indigenous people from serving on juries.
"In 2020, it is impossible to see the retention of these challenges as anything other than antithetical to every notion of fairness," says their filing.
Federal justice minister David Lametti's office said in a statement to the Star that his government's changes to jury selection addressed "long-standing and well-documented concerns that racialized Canadians were being unfairly excluded by the previous process."
Under the new rules, a party can still challenge a potential juror for bias, but it's up to the trial judge to decide whether the person should be dismissed — after hearing the potential juror's self-assessment as to whether they can judge the case fairly.
"Such challenges overlook how bias is difficult to detect by both outsiders (judges) and those who are biased (jurors)," says the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association in its filing.
Toronto lawyer Dirk Derstine, who is representing Chouhan in the appeal before the Supreme Court, said people who have been the subject of discrimination can often tell pretty quickly if someone is biased against them — but it can be difficult to persuade a judge, who is often white.
"We say (the challenge for cause procedure) is inadequate in order to ferret out those who would hold prejudicial views against people," Derstine told the Star.
Jury selection at Chouhan's Toronto murder trial was carried out under the new rules, without the use of peremptory challenges. The Ontario Court of Appeal upheld the ruling that banning the challenges was constitutional, a decision which will be before the Supreme Court next week.
At the same time, the Court of Appeal ruled on when the changes to peremptory challenges should apply. The court found that the right to use peremptory challenges still applied to cases where the accused person had opted for a trial by jury before Sept. 19, 2019, the date the jury selection changes came into effect.
That decision could lead to dozens of homicide and sexual assault cases in Ontario, including Chouhan's, having to be retried because they used the new jury selection method. The Crown is asking the Supreme Court to overturn the Court of Appeal's ruling on this issue.
A coalition made up of the Canadian Muslim Lawyers Association and the Federation of Asian Canadian Lawyers proposes in its filing that the government could regulate the use of peremptory challenges, rather than scrap them entirely.
The coalition suggests an approach where the Crown or defence could raise with the judge if they believe the other side is using their challenges for "discriminatory reasons or that there has been a pattern of using the peremptory challenge to eliminate racialized jurors."
And if after hearing from the other side the judge finds that the challenge to a juror was motivated by a discriminatory purpose, the juror should be seated, the coalition proposes.
"I think by eliminating peremptory challenges you're going to risk having all-white juries in trials involving Indigenous accused and racialized accused, and there's going to be nothing that defence counsel can do about it," one of the coalition's lawyers, Nader Hasan, told the Star.
Jacques Gallant is a Toronto-based reporter for the Star. Follow him on Twitter: _USER_
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Compute dt/t
This code is responsible for the calculation of dt/t using the result of the MWCS calculations.
Configuration Parameters
 - dtt_lag: How is the lag window defined [dynamic]/static (default=static)
 - dtt_v: If dtt_lag=dynamic: what velocity to use to avoid ballistic waves [1.0]km/s (default=1.0)
 - dtt_minlag: If dtt_lag=static: min lag time (default=5.0)
 - dtt_width: Width of the time lag window [30]s (default=30.0)
 - dtt_sides: Which sides to use [both]/left/right (default=both)
 - dtt_mincoh: Minimum coherence on dt measurement, MWCS points with values lower than that will not be used in the WLS (default=0.65)
 - dtt_maxerr: Maximum error on dt measurement, MWCS points with values larger than that will not be used in the WLS (default=0.1)
 - dtt_maxdt: Maximum dt values, MWCS points with values larger than that will not be used in the WLS (default=0.1)
The dt/t is determined as the slope of the delays vs time lags. The slope is calculated a weighted linear regression (WLS) through selected points.
1. The selection of points is first based on the time lag criteria. The minimum time lag can either be defined absolutely or dynamically. When dtt_lag is set to "dynamic" in the database, the inter-station distance is used to determine the minimum time lag. This lag is calculated from the distance and a velocity configured (dtt_v). The velocity is determined by the user so that the minlag doesn't include the ballistic waves. For example, if ballistic waves are visible with a velocity of 2 km/s, one could configure dtt_v=1.0. This way, if stations are located 15 km apart, the minimum lag time will be set to 15 s. The dtt_width determines the width of the lag window used. A value of 30.0 means the process will use time lags between 15 and 45 s in the example above, on both sides if configured (dtt_sides), or only causal or acausal parts of the CCF. The following figure shows the static time lags of dtt_width = 40s starting at dtt_minlag = 10s and the dynamic time lags for a dtt_v = 1.0 km/s for the Piton de La Fournaise network (including stations not on the volcano),
It seems obvious that these parameters are frequency-dependent, but they are currently common for all filters!
../_images/static.png../_images/dynamic.png
In order to use the dynamic time lags, one has to provide the station coordinates!
2. Using example values above, we chose to use only 15-45 s coda part of the signal, neglecting direct waves in the 0-15 seconds range. We then select data which match three other thresholds: dtt_mincoh, dtt_maxerr and dtt_maxdt.
Each of the 4 left subplot of this figure shows a colormapper matrix of which each row corresponds to the data of 1 station pair and each column corresponds to different time lags. The cells are then colored using, from left to right: Delays, Errors, Phase Coherence and Data Selection.
Once data (cells) have been selected, they are analyzed two times: first using a WLS that is forced to pass the origin (0,0) and second when a constant is added to allow for the WLS to be offset from the origin. For each value, the error is computed and stored. M0 and EM0 are the slope and its error for the first WLS, and M, EM together with A and EA are the slope, its error, the constant and its error for the second WLS. The output of this calculation is a table, with one row for each station pair.
Date, A, EA, EM, EM0, M, M0, Pairs
2013-01-06,-0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00208377,0.00096521, 0.00682021, 0.00037757,BE_GES_BE_HOU
2013-01-06, 0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00179566,0.00454172,-0.00145738, 0.00741478,BE_GES_BE_RCHB
2013-01-06, 0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00096543,0.00089832, 0.00083714, 0.00104507,BE_GES_BE_STI
2013-01-06, 0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00153137,0.00150261, 0.00302331, 0.00302451,BE_GES_BE_UCC
2013-01-06,-0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00039019,0.00041347, 0.00025836,-0.00042709,BE_HOU_BE_MEM
2013-01-06, 0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00076824,0.00216383,-0.00030791, 0.00112692,BE_HOU_BE_RCHB
2013-01-06,-0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00069968,0.00078207,-0.00066133, 0.00027102,BE_HOU_BE_SKQ
2013-01-06, 0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00131522,0.00131182, 0.00051626,-3._PHONE_,BE_HOU_BE_STI
2013-01-06,-0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00010340,9.1996e-05, 0.00073635, 0.00076238,ALL
To run this script:
msnoise compute_dtt
Grouping Station Pairs
Although not clearly visible on the figure above, the very last row of the matrix doesn't contain information about one station pair, but contains a weighted mean of all delays (from all pairs) for each time lag. For each time lag, delays from each pair is taken into account if it satisfies the same criteria as for the individual data selection. Once the last row (the ALL line) has been calculated, it goes through the normal process of the double WLS and is saved to the output file, as visible above. In the future, MSNoise will be able to treat as many groups as the user want, allowing, e.g. a "crater" and a "slopes" groups.
Forcing vs No Forcing through Origin
The reason for allowing the WLS to cross the axis elsewhere than on (0,0) is, for example, to study the potential clock drifts or noise source position variations. By default, the msnoise plot dvv plot shows the results of the 'Not Forced WLS.
Mean of All Pairs vs Mean Pair
the ALL pair is still calculated and output in the DTT files, but its output is no longer displayed on the graphs. new in 1.6.
The dt/t calculated using the mean pair (ALL, in red on subplots 4 and 5) and by calculating the weighted mean of the dt/t of all pairs (in green) don't show a significant difference. The standard deviation around the latter is more spread than on the former, but this has to be investigated.


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Parashat Chayei Sarah
by Rabbi Yitzchok Luria
Apples from the Orchard
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The Strength of Sarah
The life of Sarah was one hundred twenty seven years [long], the years of the life of Sarah.
Sefer HaLikutim and Likutei Torah, parashat Chayei Sarah The numerical value of the word for "was," the first word of this verse (va-yih'yu), is 37. The mystical significance of this is that since Sarah personified the Divine attribute of gevurah, all her life-force was derived solely from the spelling-out of the Name Havayah whose numerical value when spelled-out is 63, which is 37.
Va-yih'yu: vav-yud-hei-yud-vav = 6 + 10 + 5 + 10 + 6 = 37. There are four principal ways the Name Havayah (yud-hei-vav-hei) is spelled-out in Kabbalah, giving the four numerical values of 72, 63, 45, and 52. To arrive at the value 63, the Name is spelled-out
as follows: yud-vav-dalet, hei-yud, vav-alef-vav, hei-yud (10+6+4 + 5+10 + 6+1+6 + 5+10 = 63). If we consider only the letters used to spell-out the four main letters (i.e., the letters that are not in boldface here), we see that their numerical value is 37.
These four ways of spelling the Name Havayah correspond respectively to the four main partzufim, Abba, Ima, Z'eir Anpin, and Nukva, which in turn are constructed from the sefirot of chochmah, binah, the midot, and malchut. Thus, the 63-Name is associated with the Ima and binah, which are on the left side of the sefirah-tree, the gevurah-axis of the sefirot. Sarah was the first matriarch of the holy Jewish people, and is thus naturally associated with the partzuf of Ima (the mother).
The life-force of Sarah is revealed when the light of yesod of Ima is revealed in the first third of its tiferet, for it is there that the states of gevurah begin to become revealed. The yesod of any partzuf is the drive of that partzuf for self-actualization. The self-actualization of Ima occurs when the mentality it embodies is transferred to the central, pivotal partzuf, Z'eir Anpin. However, the mental brilliance and intensity of Abba or Ima is beyond the capacity of either Z'eir Anpin or Nukva to assimilate, since the latter two partzufim are constructed out of the Divine emotional attributes (chesed to malchut) rather than the intellectual ones (chochmah and binah). Thus, it is the midot of the higher partzufim that become the intellect of the lower partzufim. The analogy for this in everyday life is based on the idea that Z'eir Anpin and Nukva are considered the "offspring" or children of Abba and Ima. When someone wants to transmit his value-system or ideals to his children (or students, who are his children in the educational sense), it is a mistake to think that all he needs to do is educate them to appreciate the value of his philosophy intellectually. Rather, common sense and experience assert that serving as a role-model for one's pupils or children is not only the best way to educate them but the only way to educate them. Preaching will almost surely fail if the preacher does not practice what he preaches. The teacher's behavior (his netzach-hodyesod) becomes the driving intellect (chochmah-binah-da'at) of his charges. Furthermore, the teacher's emotional involvement and excitement with the subject he is teaching will ignite in his students the will to dedicate themselves to the cause and pursue its ends. In other words, his midot (chesed-gevurah-tiferet) will become the will (keter) of his charges. Thus, since tiferet is the central sefirah of the emotions and is the combination of chesed and gevurah, we are taught that the tiferet of Ima becomes the keter of Z'eir Anpin. Specifically, when the light—or energy—of yesod of Ima reaches the level of tiferet, tiferet is imbued with the self-actualization of yesod and can then vitally serve as this keter, or source of will-to-be, for Z'eir Anpin.
Torah » Kabbalah
Torah » The Bible » Five Books of Moses


text:
Distance between Hyesan and Yangp'yŏng
Distance from Hyesan to Yangp'yŏng is 273 miles / 439 kilometers and driving distance is 457 miles or 736 kilometers. Travel time by car is about 9 hours 25 minutes.
Map showing the distance from Hyesan to Yangp'yŏng
|Air distance:||miles km|
|Driving distance:||miles km|
Time difference between Hyesan and Yangp'yŏng
There is no time difference between Hyesan and Yangp'yŏng. Current local time in Hyesan and Yangp'yŏng is 22:59 KST (2023-03-23)


text:
To state the conclusion up front: the average November temperature in Fairbanks is of NO predictive value for the mean temperature of the upcoming winter.
November 2012 is going to be one of the coldest November of record (though not in the coldest three). What does this mean for the upcoming winter? Nothing at all.
Overall, the linear correlation between November mean temperature and the subsequent winter (December through February) mean temperature is only 0.12 (_PHONE_). Looking just at the coldest Novembers, it is not any better.
Above is a scatter plot of the 20 coldest Novembers (_PHONE_) and the mean temperature during the subsequent winter. Ten of those winters had mean temperatures above the _PHONE_ mean and ten were below the long term mean. Eight of the 20 Novembers wound up being colder than the following the winter. The coldest November (1926, with a mean of -11.2F) was followed by an exceptionally warm winter (mean temperature of +3.2).
So feel free to forecast colder than normal for the upcoming winter. Looks like you have a 50-50 chance of being right.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Chilled-Out Buildings Save Energy, Money
Veolia Energy's ice cooling facility in Baltimore.
Inside Veolia Energy's Plant Three in Baltimore, blue pipes carry chilled water that will be sent out to cool nearby buildings. The green pipes carry condensed water that removes heat from the chilling system, and orange pipes carry a refrigerant. The yellow pipes are for a future cooling system. Mike Ruocco/NPR hide caption
itoggle caption Mike Ruocco/NPR
This year Congress tried and failed — yet again — to pass energy legislation to curb global warming. But the death of the climate bill hasn't stopped efforts to use energy more efficiently. In fact, it puts the spotlight back on some rather old-fashioned ways to cut emissions and electricity bills.
Downtown Baltimore is home to an unusual experiment that seems almost quaint — cooling buildings with ice. It's a service provided by Veolia Energy, a small fry in the world of energy companies. Veolia doesn't run big coal or nuclear power plants — instead, it tries to deliver "efficiency" — basically getting more out of the electricity grid.
Veolia does this with a concept called "district cooling," which sends water chilled by ice at a central plant out to several nearby buildings. A nearly 10-mile circuit of cooling pipes connects the downtown buildings, including the convention center, government buildings and hotels, to a squat brick building with two domes about 30-feet high next to it. They're the kind of structures that never catch the eye.
"They fit back behind a little commercial strip in an alleyway, but are hardly noticeable from the street itself," says John Gibson, a vice president at Veolia Energy.
Cooling towers on the roof of Veolia Energy's ice cooling facility in Baltimore i i
Cooling towers on the roof of the ice-cooling facility vent heat from the system. Mike Ruocco/NPR hide caption
itoggle caption Mike Ruocco/NPR
Mike Ruocco/NPR
Inside the domes are tanks filled with water. A lot of tubes run through the water tank carrying chilled glycol, a fluid that freezes at a very low temperature — far below that of regular water. This process runs at night, and ice forms around the tubes.
"During the day, when we are using the ice to produce cooling for customers, we run water over the outside of the ice and melt it and actually provide cool water out to the distribution system," Gibson says.
That's one of two ways they cool water. The other method runs room-temperature glycol through those same iced-over tubes. The glycol is cooled by the ice surrounding the tubes, and the now-cold glycol is used to chill a different water supply that gets piped to refrigeration units in city buildings.
Nighttime Electrical Efficiencies
Why ice? The ice essentially stores the cheaper energy that's available at night.
"It allows you to basically make ice at night, when electrical demand is lower and costs are lower, and then melt that ice during the day to supplement your mechanical refrigeration," Gibson says.
John Gibson, regional vice president of Veolia Energy's South Region
John Gibson is vice president of the South Region of Veolia Energy North America. He says customers save about 10 percent on energy costs because they don't need to use as much mechanical cooling in their buildings. Mike Ruocco/NPR hide caption
itoggle caption Mike Ruocco/NPR
He says his customers don't need to buy their own refrigeration units, so they save about 10 percent on cooling costs by using Veolia's district setup.
Using nighttime electricity also takes the heat off the electricity grid, the national network of power lines and substations. By using ice, Veolia doesn't need to use as much electricity during the day.
Dan Delurey, who heads the Demand Response and Smart Grid Coalition, says the most inefficient time on the electricity system is the peak period during daytime hours.
"Normally during a hot summer afternoon, that's when you have the least efficient plants put into service," he says. "But also the physics of transmitting the electricity mean that it's less efficient to do it during that middle-of-the-day peak period."
In fact, if you put a lump of coal into a power plant, you normally only get one-third of its energy content at the socket in your home — the rest is lost at switching stations and from overheated power lines. There is less loss at night.
Delurey also points out that electricity made at night is more likely to come from wind turbines because that's when the wind blows best. So ice cooling also functions as a way to store wind energy.
Gibson says it's not cheap to build all of the pipes and pumps for a district cooling system, but it saves money in the long run, especially if existing underground infrastructure can be used.
Efficiency advocates point out that with no immediate prospect for a tax or price on carbon in fossil fuels, off-the-shelf techniques like this — that get more out of the existing grid — are looking a lot more attractive.


Swimming Ideas Podast
SIP 019: How we train our Staff
May 25, 2015
How we train new staff
 1. Training manual
 1. Visual with pictures and descriptions
 2. Scripts for skills
 3. Skill list by level
 4. Primary focus is on front glide and back glide
 5. Follow specific lesson plans so not overwhelmed with deciding what to do.
 2. Visual Swim Skill Sheets - Starter Kit, and SLI Lesson Program
 3. Training Video: Steve Hoffler
 1. Generally very good
 2. Excellent position 11
 3. Repetition
 1. Get in the habit of seeing children swimming and being taught to swim
 4. In water demonstration
 1. Free swim lesson for select children
 2. _URL_


text:
Measuring Power regulated by Zero Crossing SCR Controllers
A zero crossing SCR controller is used to regulate the power delivered to a resistive load. The controller uses two Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) connected back to back in opposite directions and a zero crossing detector. The zero crossing detector detects the zero crossing of the AC voltage input and allows the SCR's to conduct starting with a zero crossing of the voltage. This avoids harmonic problems associated with the phase angle fired SCR controller.
A variable time base firing circuit is used to provide precise control of power delivered to a resistive load. Zero crossing controllers are not intended for use with inductive loads such as motors. A zero crossing controller is either conducting with full voltage applied to the load or it is not conducting. On or Off. The variable time base circuit controls the proportion of ON time to OFF time. This paper addresses the measurement technique necessary to accurately measure power in Zero Corssing SCR Controller applications.■

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Paint your own nesting dolls to give as gifts or to add whimsical friends to a bookshelf! Let your creativity run wild - try non-traditional characters and patterns to customize these classic toys to suit the owner. For this tutorial I created "friendly robots" by adding dials, grates, gizmos and gadgets, but you can easily add classically sweet doll faces and flowers by following the same steps below.
Things You'll Need
- Acrylic Paint in Various Colors
- Small Paint Brushes
- Fine Tip Permanent Markers
- Thin Masking Tape
- Water & Paper Towels
- Unfinished Wood Nesting Dolls
- Gloss Sealer
- Cotton Swabs
Sketch & Prep Your Details
Using a pencil, sketch out a face, arms and any other details you want to include on your dolls. Creating a guide will make painting easier and pencil won't show through the layers of paint.
You can add polka dots or stripes easily with a few household items: Use cotton swabs for painting polka dots and thin masking tape for straight stripes!
Using small paintbrushes, fill in the details you've sketched out with several thin layers of paint. Let paint dry between layers for bolder colors.
Detail With a Marker
When your painted dolls are completely dry use a fine-tipped permanent marker to add fine details and outline shapes.
Seal , Dry & Stack
Give your dolls a high-gloss finish with a layer of clear sealer. This will prevent details from chipping or scratching off. Allow to dry overnight before stacking!
Leave questions or ideas for us to try in the comments below-- happy crafting!
Lindsey Crafter is your go-to crafting and styling guru. She graduated from the Fashion Institute in New York City, but left the industry to pursue crafting and sewing instruction. In her free time, she enjoys creating alternative jewelry, haggling at flea markets,and pushing the limits of renovating her rental apartment.


text:
From 1st January 2008 the wealth tax disappeared, both for residents and non residents, although it has been re-established with temporary effects for the years 2011 to 2017. It is a tax over assets in Spain, and there is a minimum exemption (for 2016 the first 700.000 euros are not taxed). The habitual home of Spanish tax residents is also exempt from being declared.
Foreign residents with income, arising from inside or outside Spain, are liable to declare it yearly within the period 1st May to 30th June of the following year, through Form 100.
There are some limits below for which it is not necessary to submit the declaration. Those limits are subjects to changes, for this reason is convenient to check it yearly.
It is a complicated tax refund where you have to declare separately each category of income classified by its source:
- Income from work - wages, pensions, …
- Income from investments - interest, dividends, …
- Income from property: property owner's imputed income tax, rental incomes, …
- Professional income : income coming from economic activities.
- Gains and losses: capital gains
Each category has its own regulation to calculate the taxable base and, some of them, its particular tax rate.
Except for the capital gains, the tax is the result of applying the percentage of the tax scale to the taxable base. The scale could change yearly and final tax could also be different depending on the particular regulation of each autonomous region. In consequence it is important to check it every year (as a general reference the tax scale could be from 18% up to 45%).
Regarding capital gains, the tax rate is 19 % for income or profit up to 6.000,00 euros, 21 % from 6.000,00 euros up to 50.000,00 euros, and 23% above that. ( for 2015: 19,50 % - 21,50 % - 23,50 % ).
The Income Tax Law regulates different allowances and deductions that could also change depending on the year and the autonomous region, the most important (figures for 2016):
- The personal minimum exemption ( depending on age, from 5.550,00 euros up to 8.100,00 euros – older than 75 - ).
- The family minimum exemption ( depending on the family members, starts at 2.400,00 euros for the first child ).
- Others: disability conditions, elderly parents and grand-parents over 65 living in the family unit, one-parent families, … ).
- Spouses joint declaration ( 3.400,00 euros ).
- The wage earner's deduction ( valid for salaries and pensions, from 2.000 euros, depending on the amount received ).
- No imputed income tax on principal residence ( the habitual one )
- Special deductions for annuities, depending on the age at which the payment starts ( the amount exempt could be from 60 % up to the 92 % ).
- Mortgage interest & capital deduction ( habitual home bought before 01-01-2013 ).
- Exemption of capital gains arising from the sale of the habitual home made for people aged over 65.
- Foreign tax deduction
In order to avoid the double taxation, depending on the country where you come from, there are different forms to be filled out, copies of which must to be submitted both in the Spanish Tax Agency and in the foreign one.
Inheritance will & tax
If a will, Spanish or foreign, is not made, the Spanish estate will be distributed applying the rules of Spanish law, which may mean you can freely dispose of only one-third of your assets in Spain (children are compulsory heirs of the rest two-thirds). If a foreign will is made, it is not absolutely necessary to make a Spanish one to dispose of assets in Spain, but it is convenient in order to save time and money to the heirs.
Since 2015, Inheritance taxes over Spanish estate will not depend any more on whether the deceased, or the heir, is, or not, resident. The regional rules will be also applied for residents in the European Union, so better tax breaks can be found, even the exemption.
Property Tax – IBI
This is a tax charged by local Councils and paid by property owners.
All property within the Council's area is included on a tax register (Catastro) and is assigned a value (Rateable Value – Valor catastral ). The amount of tax to be paid is calculated by applying the tax rate set by the Council to this Rateable Value.
A bill is sent out for payment of this tax every year for every property on the tax register. Usually, Councils accept payment of the tax by direct debit from a bank account, which facilitates payment within the time period set and thus avoids any possible surcharges.
The payment deadline depends on the Council, although it is normally around the months of September, October or November each year.
ASSETS ABROAD DECLARATION
NEW OUTSIDE ASSETS REPORTING LAW FOR SPANISH RESIDENTS
Ley 7/2012, on 29th October for the prevention and fight against fraud
Through the anti-fraud law, Ley 7/2012, on 29th October, the Spanish Government introduced the new obligation for Spanish tax residents to report assets located outside Spain.
WHO IS REQUIRED TO REPORT:
Both individuals and legal entities living in Spain for more than 183 days in the previous calendar year.
It is obliged to report assets, not only by the owner but also a beneficiary, an authorized signatory, or any one with the authority to dispose of the asset. This includes assets held in a trust.
TERM AND PROCEDURE:
From February 1st 2012 , anyone who is tax resident in Spain is liable to submit yearly the new 720 official tax form.
The reporting must be done each year, from 1st January to 31st March. Exceptionally, for 2012, the deadline was extended to 30th April 2013, and reports might be submitted from 1st February.
It will be mandatory to file it online with an electronic certificate. If you do not have the facility yourself, an accountant can do it for you.
ASSETS OUTSIDE SPAIN CATEGORIES & INFORMATION TO BE REPORTED:
ACCOUNTS HELD WITH FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (all types of bank accounts and deposits, including credit accounts, in all currencies, regardless of whether you have the right to withdraw the funds or not).
It is obliged to report: the bank account identification, the country where the financial institution is located, the end of year value and the average balance over the last three months of the year. It is mandatory to include the date the account was opened and, if closed, that date too.
POLICIES, ANNUITY INCOME, INCOMES GENERATED FROM LOANS, RIGHTS OR OTHER ASSETS TO FOREIGN ENTITIES.
It is obliged to report: the entity full identification and the end of year value.
FIXED ASSETS/PROPERTY AND RIGHTS OVER SUCH PROPERTY
It is obliged to report: the asset location, the cost and date of acquisition, and the current value as per the wealth tax rules. If the asset has been sold during the year, it is also obliged to provide the sale price.
- Assets in a particular category if the value of the total assets in that category amounts to over € 50.000,00.
- After filing of the first report, when the set of assets in each particular category increased by less than € 20.000,00 of the declared value on the last report, it will not be obliged to report this category until the value exceeds this limit.
- If no asset category exceeds this limit, there is no obligation to submit any report until it is exceeded.
- In any case, independent of the referred limits, when a previously declared asset is sold ( property, shares ... ) or a previously declared bank account is closed, it is obliged to report its value at the date of disposal.
PENALTIES AND FINES:
Any unreported asset, even accidental, may be treated as an "unjustified increase in wealth" and taxed as general income at the scale rates ( which could be up to 52% ).
In addition to the above, the failure to report the asset would result in a fine with penalties of up 150 % of the tax payable plus late payment interest for the last four years.
Besides this, you would have to be fined for non-compliance, which is € 5.000,00 for each reportable asset, with a minimum fine of € 10.000,00.
The entitlement of the Tax Agency to look back over past years to assess the unpaid tax on the unreported asset, never expires.
If the tax defrauded exceeds € 120.000,00 it would be considered a criminal offence.
Currently, there is a great deal of exchange of information between countries, that will increase in the following years, so it is very likely that the Tax Agency will find out the unreported assets, or any mistake on the report, with the heavy consequences exposed.
As Spanish tax experts, we are fully qualified to advise you on this matter.


text:
The Other Side of Pain
Every day, child sexual abuse survivors are beginning to understand they no longer have to hide in the shadows; cling to blame, guilt, and shame; see themselves as current victims, or hide their light. Drawing from her own experiences, Veronica C. Young demonstrates how to recognize that past trauma is running the show; triggering negative thoughts and emotions and driving self-destructive choices and limiting beliefs. The Other Side of Pain guides the reader how to forge a path back to who they truly are, before the abuse made them forget. Get to the "other side of pain" and reclaim your power.


text:
Objectives: To systematically review and meta-analyse the studies investigating the association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality outcomes among adult users of SLT and estimate the number of attributable deaths worldwide.
Methods: Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled risk of death due to SLT use. Population attributable fractions were derived and used to calculate the number of attributable deaths. Observational studies published upto 2015 were identified through MEDLINE, IndMED, Google Scholar and other databases. Data on the prevalence of SLT use was obtained from latest reports or national surveys. Data on the disease burden were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Hospital-based or community-based case-control and cohort studies that adjusted for the smoking status were included.
Results: 16 studies that provided estimates for mortality due to all cause, all cancer, upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke were included. A significant association was found for mortality due to all cause (1.22; 1.11-1.34), all cancer (1.31; 1.16-1.47), UADT cancer (2.17; 1.47-3.22), stomach cancer (1.33; 1.12-1.59), cervical cancer (2.07; 1.64-2.61), IHD (1.10; 1.04-1.17) and stroke (1.37; 1.24-1.51). Subgroup analysis showed major regional differences. Globally, the number of attributable deaths from all-cause mortality was 652 494 (234 008-1 081 437), of which 88% was borne by the South-East Asian region.
Conclusions: SLT is responsible for a large number of deaths worldwide with the South-East Asian region bearing a substantial share of the burden.
Keywords: Advocacy; Global health; Low/Middle income country; Non-cigarette tobacco products; Prevention.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to _URL_


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Research finds novel airborne germ-killing oral spray effective in fighting colds and flu
University Hospitals Case Medical Center clinical researchers will present findings about a one-two punch to prevent colds and flu in San Francisco at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) on September 9, 2012.
The research team is presenting data in two poster presentations that a new oral antiseptic spray is effective in killing 99.9 percent of infectious airborne germs. Findings from these two presentations led to the development of Halo Oral Antiseptic, a first-of-its kind germ-fighting spray which is currently on store shelves.
"Respiratory tract disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world," says Frank Esper, MD, infectious disease expert at UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital and lead author of one of the studies. "Yet there has been limited progress in the prevention of respiratory virus infections. Halo is unique in that it offers protection from airborne germs such as influenza and rhinovirus."
Dr. Esper and a team of researchers used glycerine and xanthan gum as a microbial barrier combined with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a broad-spectrum anti-infective agent to fight respiratory illnesses. To test this, clinical strains of 2009 pandemic H1N1 were used as a prototype virus to demonstrate Halo's anti-infective activity in cell culture assays. "The glycerine and xanthan gum prevent the germs from entering a person's system and the CPC kills the germs once they're trapped there," explains Dr. Esper, who is also Associate Professor at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.
Dr. Esper will present his findings that Halo will have clear benefit to aid against infection and reduce disease from epidemic, sporadic or pandemic respiratory viral infections, particularly helping people at risk for severe respiratory illness including immune-compromised individuals with chronic lung disease, and military personnel.
Another study on Halo will be presented by Mahmoud Ghannoum, PhD, of UH Case Medical Center, showing Halo's effectiveness against disease-causing pathogenic germs. The presentation asserts that respiratory and/or systemic infections through airborne and manually transmitted pathogenic microbes often enter the system through the mouth, making Halo, an oral spray that targets these pathogens, an effective way to prevent infections. Additionally, preliminary data from the researchers found that Halo completely kills all 11 clinical strains of whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis) against which the spray was tested.
The results showed that when a person used three sprays of Halo, it destroyed airborne germs breathed in for up to six hours, even when people were eating and drinking. The concept of coating the back of the oral cavity to prevent germs from entering and then providing sustained antiseptic action to kill airborne germs was developed by a Cleveland company, Oasis Consumer Healthcare.
"Exposure to airborne germs is inevitable – especially in crowded environments and when traveling," said Dr. Ghannoum, who is also the Director of the Center for Medical Mycology at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. "Unlike other products that support the immune system or protect from germs on surfaces or hands, Halo is the first and only product of its kind to offer protection from airborne germs."
Provided by University Hospitals Case Medical Center
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Update: Father in custody following 1-month-old hospitalized after being given bottle of vodka
A one and half-month-old Kenosha baby is being treated at a local hospital after being given a bottle filled with vodka. Police said the baby was admitted to the intensive care unit with a blood alcohol level of.294. According to a BAC chart for adults, at.25 and over all mental, physical and sensory functions are severely impaired and there is an increased risk of asphyxiation from choking on vomit. A lethal dose of alcohol for adults is considered between.40 and.50 percent.
The mother put a water bottle on the counter to be mixed with formula. The mother left the room and the child's father emptied the bottle and filled it with vodka intending to take it to a friend's house. The child's mother prepared the formula using the liquid from the bottle. After a while, the child's parents noticed that the child was not behaving normally.
The parents argued about whose fault it was their child was given vodka.
The infant's father was arrested following an argument that began following the incident. The father choked the child's mother, battered another family member, and resisted Police Officers as they attempted to place him under arrest.
Brian Smith, the father, was arrested for strangulation, 2 counts of Battery Domestic Abuse, 1 count of Resisting Arrest and 1 count of Disorderly Conduct.
The family said once the father found out the baby was fed a bottle of vodka instead of formula, he got into a big fight with his girlfriend that led to domestic violence.
\"He's going to drink some liquor he was getting ready go outside to put in a water bottle and then mom use the water bottle and poured it in the formula by mistake it was a big mistake,\" said Allen Jones, the grandfather.
Now charged with five counts including battery and strangulation, smiths father stands by his son.
Police say the baby is doing better and is being released from the hospital today.
CBS 58's Sarah Barwacz has done a series of reports you'll find attached to this text.
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text:
Is there a better way of comparing players between historical eras?by Dan Lependorf
March 15, 2012
How do we compare players from different eras of baseball to each other? We can't just compare raw numbers, since baseball today is a wildly different game than baseball was in 1920. Was Barry Bonds' best season stronger than Babe Ruth's best? Who was more dominant in his time?
One of the best tools we have for these types of comparisons is the "plus" stat, like OPS+ or ERA+. But as useful as plus stats are, it seems to me that they're missing a small, but important point: Plus stats don't consider the width of the talent distribution in baseball, which has changed over time.
As a quick refresher, plus stats are calculated very simply—it's just the percentage points above or below the average, with the average set at 100. And while this works quite well, simple percentage points don't give the full picture. An OPS+ of 150 is 50 percent better than the league average, but what does that mean? Is 50 percent historically great? Is it fairly commonplace? We can't tell from the number alone.
When I talk about the width of the talent distribution, I'm talking about the size of the spread of talent in baseball. To use an example, someone who grows to a height twice that of the national average will be studied by doctors for years, but someone who has an annual salary that's twice the average is very easy to find. Both examples are twice their respective averages (the equivalent of 200 in plus stat form), and yet they have completely different meanings. The spread of human height is relatively narrow, whereas the spread of income is far greater. Baseball's talent distribution has had different widths throughout history, so if you're going to adjust a player's statline to reflect the average of his time, why not adjust for the width as well? Adjusting for both brings us closer to the whole point of adjusting in the first place—we're attempting to compare two players based on how dominating they were in their era.
A little math background: standard deviation is a statistical measurement of the width of a sample of data, in terms of "distance" from the average. To use my example from above, the standard deviation of human height is much smaller than the standard deviation of annual salaries. Simply, a larger standard deviation means that data points are more likely to be found further away from the average. A general rule of thumb is that you can expect around two-thirds of a sample to exist somewhere between one standard deviation above and below the average. Two standard deviations above and below encompass 95 percent of the sample, and that percentage sharply rises more and more the further you move from the average. For example, the scores on an IQ test are usually scaled so that the average is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. In other words, two-thirds of people have IQs between 85 and 115, and 95 percent of people fall in the range between 70 and 130. To bring this back to baseball, qualified batters in 2011 had an average wOBA of 0.342, with a standard deviation of 0.037. That means that we can expect two-thirds of qualified batters to have a wOBA between 0.305 and 0.379.
For batters, wOBA gives us a total picture of a player's offensive output, and as you'd expect, the average wOBA for each year has changed fairly dramatically, especially with all of the rule changes in the early portion of baseball history. I plotted the average wOBA along with one standard deviation above and below the average for each year, to give a visual look at how the run environment of baseball has changed over time. Click to enlarge.
As you might expect, the width of talent in baseball has reduced over the years. In the 1870s, one standard deviation comes out to roughly 20 percent of the average wOBA, and it's been a gradual decline to the 9 or 10 percent we see today. This means that regular plus stats undervalue modern players, since being 50 percent better than the average in 2011 means you're ranked quite high. Being 50 percent better than the average in 1885 doesn't put you ahead of as many players. Interestingly, there's a spike in the standard deviation up to 12 percent in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. Barry Bonds is probably singlehandedly responsible for a good chunk of that. More on that in a bit.
Once we have the average and standard deviations for each year, it's easy to see which single seasons were the most dominant of their time in terms of z-score, which is the number of standard deviations above or below the average. Compared to plus stats, this ranking gives a more accurate representation of how dominating a player was, compared to his peers. An plus stat of 150 could be historically excellent or simply merely good, depending on the stat in question and the era. But a z-score is always consistent—a z-score of 3 is always fantastic, no matter the context. Here's the top 10 in baseball history.
Seem a little repetitive? That's right, eight of the best nine offensive seasons in baseball history came from the bats of either Babe Ruth or Barry Bonds. That 2004 season from Bonds is something we won't see again for a long long time, if ever again.
I've put together a full leaderboard of all qualified batters below. For my next article, I'll do the same for pitchers.
References and Resources
Full sortable leaderboard of all qualified seasons from _PHONE_ here. Be warned, it's on the larger side. You should be able to sort it if you go to list view. If someone wants to confirm this in the comments, that'd be great.
- This would technically only apply if baseball talent followed a normal distribution, which it doesn't. But if we restrict the sample only to qualified batters, a normal distribution becomes a decent approximation.
- On the other side of that leaderboard, we've got White Sox shortstop Mike Caruso. With a z-score of a ridiculous -2.9 in 1999, he's the proud owner of the worst qualifying season in baseball history, aside from a handful of guys in the 1800s.
- All data from Fangraphs. Sincerest apologies, Dave Appelman, for asking your servers for every season by every batter in the history of baseball as a CSV file.
Dan can be contacted here (email) or here (twitter). He welcomes all comments, even offers for cheap male enhancement pills and winnings from lotteries he didn't realize he had entered. (He really wishes you wouldn't, though.)
<< Return to Article


Why you should never let your pet into your bed
And a few other pet hygiene faux pas...
dog bed sleep
Stella StellaGetty Images
How often do you wash your pet? According to a new survey, for a third of British cat and dog owners, the answer is never.
The research by Animalfriends.co.uk also discovered that a quarter of owners don't wash their pets' food and water bowls on a regular basis. And, perhaps more surprisingly, they found that 18% of owners let their animals eat food from family plates, with 32% finding pet hairs in their meals.
The results, found from a poll of 2,000 cat or dog owners, also showed that nearly half of Brits (46%) are happy to let their pet share a bed with them. This is not only unhygienic but potentially harmful to our health.
Animals can carry and spread stomach bugs like salmonella, and can infect us with parasites, fungal infections, tapeworm, roundworm and some superbugs.
The US-based Centers for Disease Control has summarised the dangers of sharing a bed with your dog. The lead author of their report Bruno Chomel, a professor at the University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, says that people who sleep with their pets can acquire so-called zoonotic diseases (meaning diseases that come from other animals).
But there is one part of the country which is a worse offender than any other in terms of pet hygiene. This is Chelmsford, where 46% of owners admitted to never washing their pets and 12% claim they've been told their house'smells of dog'.
'Many people will only remember to wash their pet's bedding if it's visibly dirty or smells, however, as pointed out in our survey, many pet owners get used to the smell of their animals,' Westley Pearson, managing director from Animalfriends.co.uk said. 'It's advisable to wash your pet's beds as often as you change your own bedding.
'As for your pet's food bowls, these should be washed daily to keep the germs at bay to protect both you and your pet. You wouldn't eat your dinner on a dirty plate, so why should your dog?'
We are sure that you take the bast care of your family pets but, when it comes to hygiene, there's no harm in a gentle reminder for those who perhaps let things slip.
(All images from Getty)
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text:
During the early 1900's the first commercial asparagus plantings in the state of Victoria were grown by Thomas Roxburgh - a shipping agent by trade - on a 300 acre farm in the town of Vervale. By the 1930's the major commercial asparagus production area in Victoria was the nearby Koo Wee Rup and Dalmore area. Soon after, this area was to become the largest asparagus producing area in Australia.
Victoria has a range of soils and climates suitable for asparagus production, including those in Koo Wee Rup, East Gippsland and Lindenow in southern Victoria, Rochester and Myrtleford in north-east Victoria, and in the Mildura and Swan Hill districts of north-west Victoria.
As a result, Victoria has a longer growing season for asparagus than most other production areas in the world. The asparagus season in Victoria also complements that of other states of Australia and helps provide a continuous supply of product. Much of the plantings in Australia are of the California hybrid UC157 because it produces a premium spear of uniform size, length and overall appearance. However, additional varieties are grown in specific regions, such as Mary Washington in southern Victoria and Ida Lea in North-West Victoria.
Victoria is the leading state in Australia for the production and export of fresh asparagus, producing 95% of the national asparagus crop with a Gross Value of 95% of $41.42 m (ABS: Agriculture 2007-08).


text:
The process of constructing the hotel results in increased runoff due to the clearance of vegetation to accommodate it. The runoff might cause additional deposition of sediments along Athol Bay, causing a modification of the shoreline. This alteration of the shoreline might lead to changes in current and water circulation in the harbour area. As a result, the sediment transport and the distribution pattern of the immediate harbour area, or indeed the entire Sydney harbour, will be negatively impacted upon because of the hotel construction.
The identified problems would have serious implications on the sea because of water pollution. This pollution would occur during the construction stage and later when the facilities are in operation. In the construction phase, pollutants like chemical waste would be released into the sea.
When the construction is complete, the marina and hotel will increase the traffic of yachts near the Taronga Zoo wharf. Yachts pose a significant threat to the sea since they might lead to extensive oil pollution in the event of an oil spill. In addition to this, the harbour will be affected by the use of seawater for heating and cooling purposes by the hotel.
The hotel will require a drainage system and a sewage treatment facility in the harbour. The pipes for these systems will run through the harbour and it is likely that an organism build-up might occur on the pipes. To deal with this, bleach will be introduced into the water to kill the organism, an action that will cause further pollution on the harbour. It is therefore evident that the construction of the marina and hotel will have a negative environmental impact on the harbour.
Impact on Flora and Fauna
Taronga stands out as a native forest endowed with some ornamental landmark plants. The site bears the indigenous smooth-barked apple tree, which characterized the eastern Athol Bay.
The distinctive flora and fauna found around the Athol Bay are likely to be damaged when trees are cleared in the construction phase. This is of concern since damage to the indigenous flora and fauna might lead to the extinction of some native species. The pollution that will occur during construction and once the marina and hotel is operation will devastate marine life.
It is important to try to assess the impact associated with a construction project and one tool to assist in this task is the Leopold matrix, which is a checklist and summary of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the construction project. The matrices provided are appropriate for EIA activities since they link specific actions in the project to a particular environmental aspect.
The Leopold Matrix was developed in the late 1960s by Leopold and his associates. The matrix was an evaluation procedure for landscape aesthetic and it served as the first systematic methodologies in the EIA field that reflected the fact that impacts result from the interaction of development activities and the environment.
Leopold's procedure is based on a large matrix of horizontal and vertical axis. There are 100 columns and 88 rows in the horizontal and vertical axis respectively with the horizontal axis representing activities that have environmental impacts while the vertical axis represent environmental quality variables such as physical, chemical, biological, cultural, and ecological.
Each identified effect is measured on a magnitude scale of 1-10; where 1 is the minimum and 10 the maximum. The matrix is an interaction matrix since each cell is divided by a diagonal line. The numerical value of the magnitude and importance of the impact is inputted in the relevant half of the cell.


text:
Completely out of scope of openkore documentation. _URL_
What are modules
In this context, modules are Perl libraries. Some openkore features or plugins require modules from CPAN which are not bundled with openkore.
Linux and OS X
Your system repositories
The following naming scheme is used in Debian: module
File::Slurp is in package
cpan File::Slurp to download and install the specified module.
Active Perl offers a program to download and install modules with a user friendly interface, called Perl Packet Manager (PPM), and a different mirror. The service is paid.
How to install modules using the PPM:
- Open Perl Package Manager (Start -> Run -> 'ppm')
- In the graphical interface that appears, search for the modules using the text field above and select the modules you want to install or upgrade
- After mark modules, click the green arrow to start the download and installation
The Strawberry offers a console program to download and install modules directly from the official repository, CPAN. The service is free.
How to install modules using the Strawberry:
- After installing Strawberry, open the CPAN Client (In Windows Vista and later, just search on the start menu by CPAN)
- In the console, use the following command to install modules:
- install
Note: If the module has - in its name, substitute to ::. For example: Protocol-WebSocket should be typed Protocol::WebSocket


text: Coke formation rates under propane dehydrogenation reaction conditions on a used monolithic Pt/¿-Al2O3 catalyst have been experimentally determined in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) as a function of time on stream covering wide temperature and concentration ranges. For relatively short times on stream, especially at low temperatures and low propylene concentrations, a remarkable initial quadratic increase has been observed in the coke formation rates versus time with a high apparent propylene reaction order. After longer times on stream the coke formation rate decreases to a constant residual coke growth above approximately 12 wt.% coke content. The experimental data have been successfully described by a kinetic rate expression based on a mechanistic dual coke growth model. In this model it has been assumed that initially coke precursor is formed via a propylene oligomerisation process, explaining the observed auto-catalysis for short times on stream.


text:
History & Region
Ceylon Orange Pekoe is a classic breakfast tea grown on the island of Sri Lanka. The name comes from the Dutch
Royal House of Orange - not from the fruit.
Situated just off the southern coast of India, Sri Lanka's climate is tropical,
with two distinct monsoon seasons allowing for yearlong tea production. Gorgeous
green tea bushes wrap the lush hills, and the narrow roads wind through the
Long ago, Europe found it
an ideal place for trading, and it became colonized for 450 years before
gaining independence in 1948. The Portuguese, Dutch and British have all left
their influence. The island is now home to almost 20 million people.
The Dutch were the first to experiment with planting tea,
but without success. When the British secured the island, they had more luck.
Planters came from England
spurred by courage and opportunity. They bought land and toiled in harsh
conditions, and by 1875, the tea industry was up and going. Sir Thomas Lipton is the most famous of the
Tea produced in Sri Lanka is still referred to as
is the world's third largest producer of tea in the world. Most estates are
also home to their own tea factories, processing thousands of tons of tea in
many instances. The majority of tea production is black, 'orthodox' and grown
in the following regions: Kandy, Nuwara Eliya,
Dimbula, Uva, Ratnapura and Galle.
The region of Nuwara Eliya is the highest growing region and is credited for
producing the finest teas.
'Orthodox' tea production is a
method of crushing tealeaves by rolling. The rolling process helps break down
and twist the leaves, allowing oxidization to begin. The tea is then fired, and
final grading is based on the quality of the leaf.
Glossary of Tea Grades
Pekoe: derived from
the Chinese word 'bai hao' meaning 'white hair.' It refers to the silvery white
down present on young tealeaves.
Flowery Orange Pekoe:
high quality whole or broken leaf tea with lots of tips
whole leaf tea with some tips
whole leaf tea with leaves rolled lengthwise
Pekoe: whole leaf
tea of medium quality
Broken Orange Pekoe:
smaller and broken leaves with lots of tips
broken, less quality tealeaves
Tasting Notes & Brewing
When making our teas from Ceylon, we like to pre-heat our
teapot or mug. Add 1 teaspoon per cup, add hot water (just as it comes to a
boil) and steep until desired strength. This tea is ideal for making in a
porcelain teapot with white cups that show off its clear amber color.


A Survey of Norse Castles in Orkney
Orkney is perhaps best known, in the context of castles, for Cubbie Roo's
castle (Figure 16.1, 1), thought to be one of the earliest stone-built keeps in Scotland. However, its relationship to other fortified buildings in the earldom, and the role of these buildings in 12th-century Orcadian society, is less well understood. Why was a stone keep built in Orkney in the mid 12th century? From where did the inspiration come? Was it exceptional or did it form part of a wider pattern of 'castle' architecture? To address these questions, Cubbie Roo's castle will be discussed in the context of 12th-century Orkney society and compared with other similar buildings, with particular emphasis on their placement. This study aims to evaluate the evidence in the context of Northern European maritime power and the recent revision of ideas of kingship and feudalism in the wider Scandinavian world.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationCastles and Galleys
Subtitle of host publicationA reassessment of the historic galley-castles of the Norse-Gaelic seaways
EditorsPaula Martin
Place of PublicationLaxay
PublisherIslands Book Trust
Number of pages23
ISBN (Print)9781907443763
Publication statusPublished - 1 Aug 2017
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'A Survey of Norse Castles in Orkney'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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I have recently had my brain swapped with that of my pet cockatoo. I'm typing this – painfully – using my beak, while trying to distract my body by throwing seeds on the floor. It looks like it's broken my nose trying to pick it up. Good recommendations for a clinic to return my brain back?
Chirpy in LA
By "had my brain swapped" I assume that you mean that you've had that portion of your subconsciousness swapped with the cockatoo. I will be operating on this assumption for the duration of my response for the following reasons: (1) You speak as if you are self-aware as a human, while combating reflexive cockatoo behaviour. If your full consciousness was that of your pet, you wouldn't even know what a keyboard was, let alone how to use one, because cockatoos have never been all that impressed by electronics. (2) If you physically exchanged your actual brain with a cockatoo, you would have a nut-sized lump rattling around in your skull that doesn't hardwire into your neurological system properly. So you'd be dead. Your cockatoo, sporting a bizarrely-huge brain for which it cannot supply adequate oxygen with its circulatory system, would also be dead.
Assuming that this letter finds you before you kill yourself in some instinctive attempt at flight, you can do one of two things: (1) Just try reversing whatever happened to create this problem in the first place. I would only recommend a "clinic" for that procedure if there was a clinic that administered the initial swap. (2) Failing that, work at retraining your brain. Neural pathways are hard to manually rewire, but it's not impossible. Start by using your hands when typing. It should be noted that you will never fully rebuild human instincts or eradicate the cockatoo instincts. This means that you will always be a weirdo, most notably in your reproductive habits.


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WildChina Education has partnered with the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR).
Top UNSDG Focused Experiential Learning Programs in China for 2022-2023
Why is this excellent news?
Because it means that students participating on our programs can now apply for program completion certificates from UNITAR. This certificate from UNITAR indicates their commitment to sustainable development and is awarded upon completing one of our WildChina Education sustainability programs and writing a reflective essay that includes a commitment to future actions to further the UNSDGs.
We didn't want to keep this news to ourselves so we're sharing the programs that are best suited for the students who want to demonstrate their commitment to sustainable development inside China.
Sea Turtle Conservation
Location: Huizhou, Guangdong & Sanya, Hainan
Not many people know that a selection of China's beaches are nesting grounds for five of the world's seven species of sea turtles. However, akin to most sea turtle nesting areas worldwide, the nesting grounds on China's southern coastline are under threat from an array of pernicious effects.
In this program, we take students to the front line of China's sea turtle conservation efforts. Once there, they learn firsthand about the situation that the world's sea turtles find themselves in. We teach them about the turtle lifecycle, current conservation efforts and challenges, and we finish out the program with the pièce de résistance, the opportunity to feed and care for these majestic ocean dwellers
Recommended Program Length: 5 Days
Other Highlights: Sailing Workshop, Sea Kayaking, Surfing, Cycling
Location: Xiamen, Fujian
As sea levels around the world rise, ensuring coastal protection is becoming ever more critical. One of the most sustainable ways to ensure long-term coastline preservation is to create natural buffers in the form of mangrove forests. Unlike many other coastal countries, China has been lauded for its commitment to increasing the number of mangrove habitats along its eastern seaboard.
In our Mangrove Protection Program, students visit one of Mother Nature's natural sea defenses just outside of Xiamen, Fujian Province. They will learn about mangrove biodiversity, the current challenges of preserving these precious ecosystems, and how we can expect these challenges will change in the future.
Recommended Program Length: 3-5 Days
Other Highlights: Mangrove Kayaking, Hakka Culture, Tulou Visit
UNSDG5 – Gender Equality
Location: Jiangyong County, Hunan
When people hear about the Hunan Province it is usually, Mao Ze Dong, the Avatar Mountains (Zhang Jia Jie), and spicy food that comes to mind. What is less prominent in peoples' psyche is Nu Shu, the unique phonetic script system circulated among women in Jiangyong County.
NuShu is the only gender script in the world and has significant research value in many multidisciplinary fields. In this program, students get to explore this cultural phenomenon in the broader context of women's independence and pursuit of equality. We discuss and delve into the script's history and the barriers it faces in being passed on to future generations.
Recommended Program Length: 5-7 Days
Other Highlights – Village Restoration Service Project, Local School Visit
Global Citizenship Retreat
UNSDG10 – Reduced Inequalities
Location: Songyang County, Zhejiang
Songyang County has over 1800 years of history. It has been described as the last secret region in the south of the Yangtze River" by the Chinese National Geographic Association. However, despite its cultural richness, like many other areas of the Chinese countryside, the area has suffered from brain drain and the resulting consequences.
In this program, students experience a different side of China as they are introduced to a broader WildChina initiative to revitalize Songyang through sustainable tourism. During their time on the program, students will be tasked with PBL experiential activities that aim to get them thinking of innovative ways to contribute to Songyang's revitalization.
The issues they encounter will illustrate many critical themes that promote the idea of Global Citizenship, including population & settlement, environmental and cultural preservation, and economic development.
Recommended Program Length: 5-7 Days
Other Highlights – Songyang Handicraft Workshop, Village Restoration, Ming & Qing Dynasty Scavenger Hunt, Tea Culture Immersion
UNSDG15 – Life on Land
Location: Qingpu, Shanghai
In addition to its massive migrant human population, Shanghai has been and is being transformed by non-native plants and animals. These organisms are called invasive species, and though they are largely unrecognized by us, they are harming the local environment.
In this program, students will leave the hustle and bustle of downtown and head to the city's more rural areas. Here, they will learn how these invasive species impact local agriculture and local ecosystems. Students will see Shanghai from a new perspective and better understand the intricacies of climate change, environmental protection, and eco-activism.
Recommended Program Length: 1-3 Days
Other Highlights – Backcountry Cooking, Kayaking, Camping
UNSDG8 – Decent Work and Growth
Location: HongMiao Village, Beijing
Throughout China, migration from villages into the city is commonplace. However, what does this mean for the economy and communities left in these villages?
This program will immerse students in village life as they understand the needs and challenges affecting these communities. Through several meaningful and thought-provoking experiential activities, students will learn through doing as they investigate how and why things happen, forming their own opinions on issues relating to creating a more inclusive society, monotowns, and soil and water pollution.
The experiences will develop your student's social conscience, promoting a global mindset that fosters empathy towards communities worldwide that face similar issues. Along with this, the program will culminate with students innovating their ideas to raise awareness, solve, or mitigate the root causes of these issues.
Recommended Program Length: 1-4 Days
Other Highlights – Kayaking, Rock Climbing, Lantern Making


Do Fish Tanks Need Light? Can I Turn Them Off At Night?
You've got yourself a new fish tank and you are all excited. But something is troubling you. Does my fish tank need lighting?
Let me answer it as clearly as possible:
Your fish tank does need lighting and you can turn them off at night. However, the amount depends on the type of fish and the environment you want to create.
The answer might seem simple but there are several nuances to this subject. From the type of fish you plan on keeping to the type of plants you want, lighting plays a crucial role. How crucial? Read on to find out.
Why Fish Tanks Need Lighting?
Ask any seasoned fish owner and he will tell you this:
Fish are at their peak health when the tank resembles their natural habitat.
This is not a surprise. Fish, at the end of the day, are wild creatures. They need a habitat that provides them with proper nourishment as well as serves their primal instincts. So, before purchasing any fish carefully consider these questions:
 - What species is this?
 - What kind of habitat do they live in?
 - How do I make the fish tank mimic their natural habitat?
You must research these questions and carefully consider your options.
The good news is, it is not anything like rocket science. Just pay attention to a couple of key points and you'll be good to go.
Firstly, you need to consider is the type of fish. When it comes to lighting, fish can be broadly classified into two types:
 - Fish who are used to bright light
 - Fish who live in dark places
The lighting requirements of your fish tank will depend on the type of fish you keep.
For fish who are accustomed to bright light, you need to properly illuminate your aquarium. These fish have a pretty regulated body clock. When I say body clock I mean their bodies respond to the amount of light. Ample light is indicative of daytime which makes the fish active. As soon as the lights are dimmed, the fish go into sleep mode.
On the other hand, fish who live in depths of the ocean or murky lakes aren't accustomed to bright light. In this case, if the tank has too much lighting, the fish will get disturbed which will harm their health.
Secondly, the plants you want to keep also make a difference when it comes to lighting. Some plants need ample light for Photosynthesis while others can grow without much light. As a result, when it comes to plants, there is no concrete answer and everything depends on the individual species.
Fish Tank Needs Lights (Video)
Different Types of Lighting
Now that you know lighting is necessary, let's figure what type of lighting you need.
Generally, lighting is of the following types:
Fluorescent is, perhaps, the most commonly used lighting type. These lights are suitable for almost all of the freshwater fish and plants. Ample, bright light and inexpensive to boot are some of the qualities that make Fluorescent lights suitable for most occasions.
T-5 HO Fluorescent
T-5 HO is a type of fluorescent that produces more light than regular fluorescents. The term 'HO' in the name signifies High Output. T-5 produces almost twice as much light and is thus geared towards people who own large tanks and require a stronger light source for better illumination.
One side effect of T-5 HO is that it produces more heat. So, you should be careful and should carefully monitor the temperature of the tank when using T-5 HO.
L.E.D (Light Emitting Diode)
Amongst the types of lights discussed above, LED, in my opinion, is the best one. A Light Emitting Diode boasts several advantages over the Fluorescent and T-5 HO. First and Foremost, it is cheaper to operate. Secondly, unlike Fluorescent, it lasts a long time without any change to the amount and color of light.
These are the most common types of lights used in aquariums. Not all of them are suited for every tank. Choose the type of light after considering the type of fish and plants you plan on keeping.
Common Lighting Requirements
If you have been paying attention, you will have noticed a pattern:
The type of light needed is subjective.
Similarly, the amount of light you need depends greatly on the type of fish and plants you keep. On average, most fish species need 10-12 hours of light. This number varies depending on the following factors:
 - The number and type of plants
 - Light requirements of individual fish species
 - The amount of ambient light already available
As a thumb rule remember this:
The more the plants, the more light will be required.
The Effects of Lighting on Aquatic Plants
Aquatic plants aren't much different than surface ones. Both of them require nutrients and a healthy amount of light to grow. More specifically, light is needed for photosynthesis.
For the uninitiated:
Photosynthesis is a process by which plants take in Carbon Dioxide and Light to produce food and Oxygen.
So, the more the light, the more Photosynthesis and hence more food. This is the reason why you need to have sufficient light in your fish tank. Without it, the plants will start to lose their vitality and will ultimately die.
The Effects of Lighting on Different Fish
Just like plants, different fish also need different amounts of light.
Light is essential for the proper growth of fish. The amount of light entering the tank regulates the internal body clocks of the fish. With increased light, fish wake up and become active. Similarly, when it gets dark, the internal clock kicks in and fish go to sleep.
On the other hand, If there is too little light, most fish will lose their appetite and their colors will appear dull. If not resolved, the situation can prove fatal.
The best you can do in this regard is to try to mimic the lighting conditions of your fish's natural habitat. Get as close as you can!
The Side Effects of Too Much Light
There is a Chinese saying:
Wu Ji Bi Fan.
It loosely translates to:
Too much of anything is bad.
This is exactly how you should view lighting. Too much lighting is pretty bad for not only the fish but also your fish tank.
In the case of fish, too much light can disturb their metabolism. Not only that fish can also become stressed which can prove to be fatal.
Similarly, your fish tank as a whole also suffers when there is too much light. Algae grow at an accelerated pace under increased lighting. An increase in the amount of Algae not only pollutes the tank but also reduces the amount of Oxygen when the Algae eventually dies.
To tackle this issue, it is crucial to regulate the amount of light your fish tank gets.
Regulating Light
Too much or too little light can spell doom for a fish owner. The loss of fish and the ever-increasing risk of Algae overgrowth are troubling matters. Keeping this in mind, it is pretty important to regulate the lighting.
Following are two simple ways that you can do this:
 - Buy an electronic timer
 - Set an alarm to turn the lights on and off at the same time each day
The latter point is self-explanatory. The first point, however, requires a little explanation.
An electronic timer is a device that regulates the lighting by turning the lights on and off at the same time every day. You just set the time you want and it takes care of the rest.
This is pretty much all you need to know about lighting for your fish tank. If I were to summarize this discussion in a few sentences, It would be:
Research before purchasing any lighting and don't use too much. Plus, use a timer to regulate it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are LED lights good for fish?
LED lights are quite good for fish. These lights use far less electricity than other lights, say, Fluorescent. Plus, they also produce less heat and can last for a long time without suffering from the color shift.
Can fish see in the dark in a fish tank?
The question of whether fish can see in the dark is highly subjective. There are fish species which can see in the dark but these are mostly deep-sea fish. Fish taken from ponds and freshwater lakes can't see in the dark.
Do fish like aquarium lights?
Fish need aquarium lights. The absence of light can have adverse effects on their health and overall appearance. If there is not enough light, most fish lose their appetite and their colors become dull.
Can LED lights cause more algae in an aquarium?
No LED lights specifically don't cause more Algae. The growth of Algae depends on a couple of factors:
 - The competition for light
 - The amount of light
If there are no aquatic plants, Algae will have no competition and its growth will be accelerated.
On the other hand, if there is more light than needed than Algae is going to grow at an increased rate.
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Volutevəl-YOOTPart of speech: nounOrigin: French, mid 16th century
1A spiral scroll characteristic of Ionic capitals and also used in Corinthian and composite capitals.2Forming a spiral curve or curves.
Examples of Volute in a sentence "Many Greek buildings are easily recognizable by the volute on the top of columns." "Both sea and land snails often have similarly volute shells."
* Can you see it? by Seth Godin
 _URL_ ]
Do you notice that you're dressed dramatically differently than everyone else at the event?
That you're driving at a different pace than everyone else?
That your question at the end of the talk lasted four times longer than anyone else's?
That your band's new single is half the volume of everything else that's being pitched to this program director?
That your code isn't commented and everyone else's is?
There's absolutely nothing wrong with being different from the crowd. In fact, it might be the ideal path forward. The problem begins when you don't see what's not matching up.
The best way to transform the path is to see the path first.
History doesn't always repeat itself, but it usually rhymes.
Sockdolagersahk-DOL-e-jərPart of speech: nounOrigin: American English, mid 19th century
1An exceptional person or thing.2A forceful blow.
Examples of Sockdolager in a sentence "All of the nominees tonight are well-accomplished sockdolagers." "The car door hit Randy with a sockdolager that knocked the wind out of him."
The universal forces of sound and rhythm enhance thought and feeling | Aeon Essays
Amid the chaos of being, Nietzsche believed that plants offer us inspiration for living | Aeon Videos


The perils of & (and prototypes too!)
In a recent post, Chris K asks, why do I recommend using function() rather than &function() or &function. I happened to see it right before heading to bed, but I wanted to respond, so who knows if this is a good example or not. Anyway here goes, look at this code (seen below if you have javascript), it prints 6 lines, do you know what they will be?
If you didn't that's ok, this is a bit of a toughie, and yes I threw in a gratuitous $" for fun (which is the string used to join a quoted array). For those of you without a terminal handy, the output is:
hello world and good bye!
2
hello world and good bye!
hello world
hello world
good bye!
In my example mysub enforces scalar context onto its argument. Now prototypes should not be used lightly, and I rarely recommend them, but when they are used, it is often for a good reason. In this case, the prototyped function is probably not what an author writing that function would have meant. (S)he probably meant, 'this function only takes one argument', and it kinda worked, but it didn't.
Anyway, the first lesson is that calling a function with & works, but it defeats prototypes. In the example the author was probably wrong to use prototypes, but in most cases, as I said, when a prototype is used, it is for a good reason, and defeating them should come with even MORE reason.
I have actually almost used that once, I wanted to make a clever wrapper of List::Util::reduce and to do so I would have had to defeated its prototype. The endeavor failed and so that code did not see the light of day, but it got close. Other than that case, I have never needed to defeat a prototype, and so I have never used &function() in anger.
&function is more clever and is used in some more common wrappings. It means call the function() but with my current @_. This isn't as useful as its 'twin' goto &function which mean, 'stop this function and instead start doing function() with my current @_ instead, and remove the current function call from the stack trace'. This is actually useful for function wrapping, say like in an AUTOLOAD function. Again, though, you do this when you mean to, not all the time. I think I have perhaps used goto &function a half-dozen times in anger.
The take-away message here is, in Perl 5 you should almost always be using function() or function (though the bareword is confusing in some cases, especially if you forget strict and warnings!). You should almost never need (and therefore not want to accidentally incur the potential side-effects) of using &. They won't happen often, but when you get into the habit of using & and you do accidentally defeat a useful prototype, or unintentionally pass forward your @_, it will make for a terrible debugging session.
Anyway, as always, happy Perling!
P.S. I am happy to see that people still find Learn to Spot a Good Tutorial useful, and it reminds me that it will soon need another version and year bump!
P.P.S, the site that hosts that article also contains a list of good tutorials, and some "not so good ones" too, so you can use/recommend them.
J
2 Comments
I did not know all of the outputs (haven't been using prototypes so far). Great article!
There's a good example of the difference between func() and &func in this regression I reported in the Perl 5.18.0 debugger: You could no longer see the value of @_ in the debugger, because this line: eval { &DB::save }; was replaced with this: eval { DB::save() }; _URL_
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user-pic As I delve into the deeper Perl magic I like to share what I can.


Shoe Sizes: EU vs US vs UK, How To Know What Fits?
Hello Shoe Lady,
My shoe size in The Netherlands is 43. My search for really nice shoes has taken me far beyond the borders, to the US. I found different size conversion charts, resulting in conversion of my european shoe size to US size somewhere between 10.5 and 12.5. What is the right US shoe size for me?
Hope you can help me out!
Dear Elis,
I am so glad you found me! I am continually MORTIFIED by the bad information given out to women "who leave a larger footprint" by people in the shoe industry who should know better!
The short answer: US size 11.
Here's a little more information:
Take a look at the international size chart here:
Some of the confusion might be that Great Britain uses a women's shoe measuring system similar to that of the USA. Except different. A Euro size 43, US size 11 women's shoe in Great Britain is a UK 9.
Another source of confusion is that one of the most common sizes in the US is size 8. It is close to (actually a bit smaller than, but wider than a US medium so feels about the same) an EU size 8. So shoe people, who should know better, assume if US 8 equals EU 38, then US 9 equals EU 39 and US 11 equals UK 41. On the surface this sounds logical. But it is so wrong. Here's the mathematical back story. In 1374 the King of England decided to base shoe sizes on the length of a barleycorn. Each barleycorn represents a jump from one size to the next. This was refined in 1880 in the USA when Edwin Simpson got all scientific with the inch (I know everyone on the metric system will laugh at this, as silly as barleycorns) and set the standard for US sizing, In his system, still used, 1/3 of an inch equals one full (not half) size difference. But wait, there's more! Unlike EU sizes which have a standard, proportional width that runs comparable to a US wide, US shoe sizes also come in width measurements, narrow, medium, wide, extra wide.
Your best size may be size 11M ( M equals Medium), but I think you need to know more! I strongly suggest you read up on Measuring Your Feet and Understanding Shoe Sizes ( so you will be able to pick the right length, width and shoe shape for your feet. You want to get the right size the first time when you are ordering from another country!
Thanks for asking!
The Shoe Lady


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How do I transfer a ticket to someone else?
If a guest requests that a purchased ticket be transferred to someone else, just follow these simple steps below:
1. Open the RSVPs tab in the toolbar to the left of your event page.
2. Find the attendee to edit.
3. Click the pencil icon, which will appear towards the right side of the purchase information.
4. Within that pop-up, enter the Edit Attendee tab.
5. Update the First Name, Last Name, and Email Address.
Pro-tip: If you would like an email notification (with ticket) to be sent to the guest, select the checkbox for "Send email with ticket to user upon save."
6. Click Save.