vocation and 2) determine whether the user request can be satisfied or additional steps are needed. If the latter, a final response is generated separately and returned to the user.
Now, let's dive a bit deeper into the key components: agent orchestrator, task planner, and tool dispatcher.
Agent orchestrator
Below is an abbreviated version of the agent loop inside the agent orchestrator Lambda function. The loop uses helper functions such as task_planner or tool_parser, to modularize the tasks. The loop here is designed to run at most two times to prevent the LLM from being stuck in a loop unnecessarily long.
#.. imports ..
MAX_LOOP_COUNT = 2 # stop the agent loop after up to 2 iterations
# ... helper function definitions ...
def agent_handler(event):
 user_input = event["query"]
 print(f"user input: {user_input}")

 final_generation = ""
 is_task_complete = False
 loop_count = 0
 # start of agent loop
 while not is_task_complete and loop_count < MAX_LOOP_COUNT:
 tool_prediction = task_planner(user_input)
 print(f"tool_prediction: {tool_prediction}")

 tool_name, tool_input, tool_output, error_msg = None, None, "", ""
 try:
 tool_name, tool_input = tool_parser(tool_prediction, user_input)
 print(f"tool name: {tool_name}")
 print(f"tool input: {tool_input}")
 except Exception as e:
 error_msg = str(e)
 print(f"tool parse error: {error_msg}")

 if tool_name is not None: # if a valid tool is selected and parsed
 raw_tool_output = tool_dispatch(tool_name, tool_input)
 tool_status, tool_output = output_parser(raw_tool_output)
 print(f"tool status: {tool_status}")
 if tool_status == 200:
 is_task_complete, final_generation = output_interpreter(user_input, tool_output)
 else:
 final_generation = tool_output
 else: # if no valid tool was selected and parsed, either return the default msg or error msg
 final_generation = DEFAULT_RESPONSES.NO_TOOL_FEEDBACK if error_msg == "" else error_msg

 loop_count += 1
 return {
 'statusCode': 200,
 'body': final_generation
 }
Task planner (tool prediction)
The agent orchestrator uses task planner to predict a retrieval tool based on user input. For our LLM agent, we will simply use prompt engineering and few shot prompting to teach the LLM this task in context. More sophisticated agents could use a fine-tuned LLM for tool prediction, which is beyond the scope of this post. The prompt is as follows:
tool_selection_prompt_template = """
Your task is to select appropriate tools to satisfy the user input. If no tool is required, then pick "no_tool"
Tools available are:
returns_inquiry: Database of information about a specific return's status, whether it's pending, processed, etc.
order_inquiry: Information about a specific order's status, such as shipping status, product, amount, etc.
no_tool: No tool is needed to answer the user input.
You can suggest multiple tools, separated by a comma.
Examples:
user: "What are your business hours?"
tool: no_tool
user: "Has order 12345 shipped?"
tool: order_inquiry
user: "Has return ret812 processed?"
tool: returns_inquiry
user: "How many days do I have until returning orders?"
tool: returns_inquiry
user: "What was the order total for order 38745?"
tool: order_inquiry
user: "Can I return my order 38756 based on store policy?"
tool: order_inquiry
user: "Hi"
tool: no_tool
user: "Are you an AI?"
tool: no_tool
user: "How's the weather?"
tool: no_tool
user: "What is the refund status of order 12347?"
tool: order_inquiry
user: "What is the refund status of return ret172?"
tool: returns_inquiry
user input: {}
tool:
"""
Tool dispatcher
The tool dispatch mechanism works via if/else logic to call appropriate Lambda functions depending on the tool's name. The following is tool_dispatch helper function's implementation. It's used inside the agent loop and returns the raw response from the tool Lambda function, which is then cleaned by an output_parser function.
def tool_dispatch(tool_name, tool_input):
 #...

 tool_response = None
 if tool_name == "returns_inquiry":
 tool_response = lambda_client.invoke(
 FunctionName=RETURNS_DB_TOOL_LAMBDA,
 InvocationType="RequestResponse",
 Payload=json.dumps({
 "returnId": tool_input
 })
 )
 elif tool_name == "order_inquiry":
 tool_response = lambda_client.invoke(
 FunctionName=ORDERS_DB_TOOL_LAMBDA,
 InvocationType="RequestResponse",
 Payload=json.dumps({
 "orderId": tool_input
 })
 )
 else:
 raise ValueError("Invalid tool invocation")

 return tool_response
Deploy the solution
Important prerequisites – To get started with the deployment, you need to fulfill the following prerequisites:
 - Access to the AWS Management Console via a user who can launch AWS CloudFormation stacks
 - Familiarity with navigating the AWS Lambda and Amazon Lex consoles
 - Flan-UL2 requires a single ml.g5.12xlarge for deployment, which may necessitate increasing resource limits via a support ticket. In our example, we use us-east-1 as the Region, so please make sure to increase the service quota (if needed) in us-east-1.
Deploy using CloudFormation – You can deploy the solution to us-east-1 by clicking the button below:
Launch stack
Deploying the solution will take about 20 minutes and will create a LLMAgentStack stack, which:
 - deploys the SageMaker endpoint using Flan-UL2 model from SageMaker JumpStart;
 - deploys three Lambda functions: LLMAgentOrchestrator, LLMAgentReturnsTool, LLMAgentOrdersTool; and
 - deploys an AWS Lex bot that can be used to test the agent: Sagemaker-Jumpstart-Flan-LLM-Agent-Fallback-Bot.
Test the solution
The stack deploys an Amazon Lex bot with the name Sagemaker-Jumpstart-Flan-LLM-Agent-Fallback-Bot. The bot can be used to test the agent end-to-end. Here's an additional comprehensive guide for testing AWS Amazon Lex bots with a Lambda integration and how the integration works at a high level. But in short, Amazon Lex bot is a resource that provides a quick UI to chat with the LLM agent running inside a Lambda function that we built (LLMAgentOrchestrator).
The sample test cases to consider are as follows:
 - Valid order inquiry (for example, "Which item was ordered for 123456?")
 - Order "123456" is a valid order, so we should expect a reasonable answer (e.g. "Herbal Handsoap")
 - Valid return inquiry for a return (for example, "When is my return rtn003 processed?")
 - We should expect a reasonable answer about the return's status.
 - Irrelevant to both returns or orders (for example, "How is the weather in Scotland right now?")
 - An irrelevant question to returns or orders, thus a default answer should be returned ("Sorry, I cannot answer that question.")
 - Invalid order inquiry (for example, "Which item was ordered for 383833?")
 - The id 383832 does not exist in the orders dataset and hence we should fail gracefully (for example, "Order not found. Please check your Order ID.")
 - Invalid return inquiry (for example, "When is my return rtn123 processed?")
 - Similarly, id rtn123 does not exist in the returns dataset, and hence should fail gracefully.
 - Irrelevant return inquiry (for example, "What is the impact of return rtn001 on world peace?")
 - This question, while it seems to pertain to a valid order, is irrelevant. The LLM is used to filter questions with irrelevant context.
To run these tests yourself, here are the instructions.
 1. On the Amazon Lex console (AWS Console > Amazon Lex), navigate to the bot entitled Sagemaker-Jumpstart-Flan-LLM-Agent-Fallback-Bot. This bot has already been configured to call the LLMAgentOrchestrator Lambda function whenever the FallbackIntent is triggered.
 2. In the navigation pane, choose Intents.
 intent navigation
 3. Choose Build at the top right corner
 lex bot start build
 4. 4. Wait for the build process


What was Augustus known for?
Quick Answer
Augustus, born Gaius Octavius in 63 B.C., was known for bringing peace and stability to the Roman Empire. Although he was heir to his great-uncle's throne, Augustus only became the ruler after thwarting the attempts of Antony and Cleopatra to seize power in the wake of Julius Caesar's death. Augustus ascended the throne in 31 B.C. and reigned as the first Roman emperor.
Continue Reading
Full Answer
Augustus established a monarchy known as the "principate," which was governed by an emperor who ruled for life. The legacy of Augustus included massive architectural renovations, social reforms and a formidable military force that dissuaded potential invaders from disturbing the peace and security of Rome.
Learn more about Ancient Rome
Related Questions


text:
Konopinski, DI; Hudziak, S; Morgan, RM; Bull, PA; Kenyon, AJ; (2012) Investigation of quartz grain surface textures by atomic force microscopy for forensic analysis. Forensic Sci Int, 223 (1-3) 245 - 255. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.09.011.
Full text not available from this repository.
This paper presents a study of quartz sand grain surface textures using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to image the surface. Until now scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has provided the primary technique used in the forensic surface texture analysis of quartz sand grains as a means of establishing the provenance of the grains for forensic reconstructions. The ability to independently corroborate the grain type classifications is desirable and provides additional weight to the findings of SEM analysis of the textures of quartz grains identified in forensic soil/sediment samples. AFM offers a quantitative means of analysis that complements SEM examination, and is a non-destructive technique that requires no sample preparation prior to scanning. It therefore has great potential to be used for forensic analysis where sample preservation is highly valuable. By taking quantitative topography scans, it is possible to produce 3D representations of microscopic surface textures and diagnostic features for examination. Furthermore, various empirical measures can be obtained from analysing the topography scans, including arithmetic average roughness, root-mean-square surface roughness, skewness, kurtosis, and multiple gaussian fits to height distributions. These empirical measures, combined with qualitative examination of the surfaces can help to discriminate between grain types and provide independent analysis that can corroborate the morphological grain typing based on the surface textures assigned using SEM. Furthermore, the findings from this study also demonstrate that quartz sand grain surfaces exhibit a statistically self-similar fractal nature that remains unchanged across scales. This indicates the potential for a further quantitative measure that could be utilised in the discrimination of quartz grains based on their provenance for forensic investigations.
|Title:||Investigation of quartz grain surface textures by atomic force microscopy for forensic analysis.|
|UCL classification:||UCL > School of BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Electronic and Electrical Engineering|
UCL > School of BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Security and Crime Science
Archive Staff Only: edit this record

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


javascript title case
Summary
It is possible to convert a string to title case in JavaScript using multiple methods. The String.prototype.toLowerCase() method can be used in a FOR loop to lowercase the string. 1 The map() method can also be used to capitalize the first letter of each word. 2 The replace() method can also be used to replace the string. 3 A helper function can be used to make the process easier. 2
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Summary This article explains three approaches to changing a string of text to always have a capital letter at the start of every word: using a FOR loop, the map() method, and the replace() method. The first approach uses a FOR loop to lowercase the string, the second uses the map() method, and the third uses the replace() method to replace the string. The first approach uses the String.prototype.toLowerCase() method, the second using the map() method, and the third using the replace() method to replace the string.
Three Ways to Title Case a Sentence in JavaScript
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How to Title Case a sentence in JavaScript - Title Case a sentence in javascriptIt is nothing but converting first element of all the words in a sentence in to ...
How to Title Case a sentence in JavaScript
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Summary This article provides a step-by-step guide on how to convert strings to title case with vanilla JavaScript. It explains how to convert the string to lowercase, split it into an array of words, capitalize the first letter, and lowercase the rest of the string. Finally, it provides a helper function to do this.
Converting a string to title case with vanilla JavaScript | Go Make Things
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Summary In JavaScript , there is no direct way of converting a string to title case. However, the combination of multiple methods can solve the problem. Let's convert capitalize first letter of each word together.
How to Convert String to Title Case with JavaScript
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JavaScript exercises, practice and solution: Write a JavaScript function to convert a string to title case.
JavaScript: Convert a string to title case - w3resource
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By using For loop to titlecase a string: In this method, the Javascript For loop is used to iterate over the arguments of the function and the characters are ...
Convert string to title case in JavaScript - GeeksforGeeks
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JavaScript can be user to convert strings to all caps, all lower, title case, sentance ... In this example, the titleCase method uses JavaScript to convert a ...
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Converting a string to a title case refers to keeping the rest of the characters ... Title Case a String With a for Loop in JavaScript
Convert String to Title Case in JavaScript | Delft Stack
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I wrote some Javascript to convert text to title case in response to John Gruber's public call . Smart, properly-cased titles are now yours for the taking.
Convert to Title Case - JavaScript
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JavaScript doesn't offer any inbuilt methods to capitalize the first letter of the ... join ( ' ' ) } titleCase ( 'this is a title case string' ) ; //"This ...
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text:
Treasure in the Center of the World
-Fr. Eamon Kelly, LC, Vice-Chargé of the Pontifical Institute Notre Dame of Jerusalem Center
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
Read jweekly's article about Fr. Kelly, his lecture at DSPT and the findings in Magdala.
Fr. Kelly provided a first-hand account of a unique discovery in Magdala, Israel of a synagogue from the time of Jesus: one of only seven Second Temple period synagogues ever discovered. One of the most important artifacts found that Fr. Kelly discussed is a stone with legs and beautifully engravings that features the menorah. The oldest menorah ever recorded was on the Titus Arch in Rome. The one found at Magdala dates back to before AD67, making it the oldest menorah engraved in stone.
Click the image below to view or download the video of Fr. Kelly's presentation at DSPT.
Use these links to find more information about the excavations, Fr. Kelly, and the unusual findings:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Frequently Asked Questions
How Does RF Supervision Work On a Honeywell Lyric Alarm System?
If the Lyric System does not receive a check-in signal from a programmed sensor within a set period of time, then RF supervision loss will occur. Learn about the Lyric System.
Added:
How Does RF Supervision Work On the Qolsys IQ Panel 2?
If the IQ Panel 2 does not receive a check-in from a sensor within a set period of time, then an RF supervision loss condition will be displayed. Learn about the IQ Panel 2.
Added:
How Do I Power My Tuxedo Keypad From an Auxiliary Power Supply?
If you want to use a Tuxedo Keypad without relying on power from the panel, you can use an auxiliary power supply. Learn how to Power a Tuxedo using an auxiliary power supply.
Added:
How Do I Clear a Trouble From My 5853?
A Honeywell 5853 Glass Break Sensor can cause a trouble condition due to a low battery, a loose tamper cover, or a loss of RF supervision. Learn how to clear a trouble on a 5853.
Added:
Does PowerG Prevent RF Jamming?
PowerG Sensors use Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) to overcome RF jamming attacks. These attacks can disable other sensors. Learn how PowerG Sensors prevent RF jamming.
Added:
What Is a Qolsys Hardwire 16-F?
If you are upgrading to a wireless 319.5 MHz alarm system from a hardwired system, then the Qolsys Hardwire 16-F is for you. Learn about the Qolsys Hardwire 16-F.
Added:
Who can monitor an LTEIV-ADT?
The LTEIV-ADT is an ADT proprietary communicator that can only be used with ADT monitoring. It is the equivalent of a Honeywell LTE-IV. Learn about the LTEIV-ADT.
Added:
Who can monitor an LTEIA-ADT?
The LTEIA-ADT is the ADT proprietary version of the Honeywell LTE-IA. You need a new communicator to start service with a different monitoring company. Learn about the LTEIA-ADT.
Added:
Who can monitor an LTEXA-ADT?
The LTEXA-ADT is the ADT proprietary version of the Honeywell LTE-XA. It must be removed if you want to take the system to a different alarm company. Learn about the LTEXA-ADT.
Added:
Who can monitor an LTEXV-ADT?
The LTEXV-ADT is the ADT proprietary model of the Honeywell LTE-XV. You must swap out the module to use the system with a different monitoring company. Learn about the LTEXV-ADT.
Added:


Gibbs phase rule
Until now we have not considered any constraint on the number of phases that can coexist in a system at given values of and. However such constraints exist and are given by the Gibbs phase rule, which we now derive.
Let us consider a system composed of different components and with coexisting phases (which we will label with roman numbers, etc.); from what we have previously stated and must be common to all phases, and all their chemical potentials must be equal. However, in order to specify the composition of the system we need only variables, namely the ratios of the concentrations of the various components with respect to the concentration of a previously chosen component. Therefore the chemical potentials will depend on, and relative concentrations, not necessarily common to all phases. We therefore have:
We therefore have variables and equations; if we want a solution to exist we must have at least as many variables as equations, namely. This means that:
which means that the maximum number of coexisting phases in a system composed of different substances at fixed temperature and pressure is. In particular, we see that for a single-component system we can have at most three coexisting phases for a particular choice of and : this is the triple point that we have already encountered.
Equivalently, we can say that in general the number of independent variables with which we can choose to describe the system at the coexistence of phases is:
called thermodynamic degrees of freedom.


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Add meta-class nonsense.
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1 parent 5728f66 commit 303e11ae593208374d36cf6efb248e8787356723 @mudphone committed Apr 7, 2012
Showing with 45 additions and 13 deletions.
 1. +45 −13 README
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58 README
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ The Objective-C Object:
- Class structure contains a metaclass pointer(?), superclass pointer, data about the class
- data: name, ivars, methods, properties, protocols
-- Superclass pointer createes the hierarchy of classes
+- Superclass pointer creates the hierarchy of classes
( Categories )
- Methods, properties, and protocols define what the class can do
- stored in writable section of class definition, which can be changed at runtime
@@ -90,7 +90,16 @@ Classes and Metaclasses
- [MyClass alloc]
- Class methods are stored in the metaclass, which is where the Class isa pointer goes
-
+ - diagram: _URL_
+ - Class is instance of metaclass
+ - metaclass describes methods of class, just as class describes methods of instance
+ - Meta-classes are instances of the root class' metaclass
+ - which is also an instance of the root class' metaclass (ending in a cycle)
+ - Meta-classes superclasses are the meta-classes of their corresponding class' superclass
+ - but, the root meta-class' superclass is the root class
+ - so, class objects respond to the root class' instance methods
+ - Meta-classes are hidden from you ([NSObject class] #=> [NSObject self]), and are rarely accessed
+
Sending Messages
- What is a method?
@@ -150,12 +159,15 @@ Sending Messages
- Check class' cache for implementation, call it
- Compare requested selector to selectors defined in class, call it
- Compare to superclass, and up the chain
- - Call resolveInstanceMethod: (or resolveClassMethod:), if returns YES, start over
- - starts over and assumes method has been added
- - Call forwardingTargetForSelector:, if returns non-nil, send message to object (other than self)
- - starts over with new target
- - Call methodSignatureForSelector:, if returns non-nil, create an NSInvocation and pass to forwardInvocation:
- - Call doesNotRecognizeSelector: --> throws exception by default
+ - Lazy method resolution
+ - Call resolveInstanceMethod: (or resolveClassMethod:), if returns YES, start over
+ - starts over and assumes method has been added
+ - Fast forwarding path
+ - Call forwardingTargetForSelector:, if returns non-nil, send message to object (other than self)
+ - starts over with new target
+ - Normal forwarding path
+ - Call methodSignatureForSelector:, if returns non-nil, create an NSInvocation and pass to forwardInvocation:
+ - Call doesNotRecognizeSelector: --> throws exception by default
- How to use this in a dynamic way?
- Dynamic implementation: @dynamic synthesis of properites
@@ -248,15 +260,21 @@ Method Swizzling
in IOS, usually this is methods
- Warning: May cause App Rejection.
- Allow you to change the behaviors of Apple frameworks
-- NSObject Category RNSwizzle.m/h example (ch-20)
-- method_exhangeImplementations
+- Why not use a category?
+ - Category meethod replaces original method, with no way to call original method
+ - Original method you wish to replace might have been implemented by category
+ - There is no way to determine which category method "wins"
+- Option 1 (more bad): method_exhangeImplementations
- modifies selector, can break things
- pseudo-recursive call can be misleading
- Use funtion pointer approach in RNSwizzle instead
- If still interested, read this:
- _URL_
+ _URL_
- NSNotificationCenter Category Example:
+ #import <objc/runtime.h>
+ #import <objc/message.h>
+
@interface NSNotificationCenter (RNHijack)
+ (void)hijack;
@end
@@ -266,8 +284,16 @@ Method Swizzling
{
Class class = [NSNotificationCenter class];
Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(class, originalSelector);
- Method categoryMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(class, newSelector);
- method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, categoryMethod);
+ Method overrideMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(class, newSelector);
+ // method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, overrideMethod); // Can't do this!
+ if (class_addMethod(c, origSEL, method_getImplementation(overrideMethod), method_getTypeEncoding(overrideMethod)))
+ {
+ class_replaceMethod(c, overrideSEL, method_getImplementation(origMethod), method_getTypeEncoding(origMethod));
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ method_exchangeImplementations(origMethod, overrideMethod);
+ }
}
+ (void)hijack
@@ -281,6 +307,8 @@ Method Swizzling
NSLog(@"Removing observer: %@", notificationObserver);
[self RNHijack_removeObserver:notificationObserver];
}
+
+- Option 2 (less bad): NSObject Category RNSwizzle.m/h example (ch-20)
ISA Swizzling
- ISA pointer defines the object's class
@@ -313,8 +341,12 @@ Downsides to Swizzling
WHAT ABOUT...?
- Class structure metaclass pointer
- KVO refresher
+- HOM Higher Order Messaging
+ _URL_
+- Implement Clojure/Ruby collection methods with trampolining or blocks?
+ - _URL_
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text:
Recovery of Naval Distillate Fuel from Waste Marine Diesel Fuel 851233
The U.S. Navy is seeking a way to reclaim a major portion of the approximately 70 million gallons of contaminated diesel fuel generated every year by its various activities. The National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER) is aiding the Navy in finding a process suitable for upgrading the contaminated diesel fuel to F76 (marine diesel fuel). This project consists of three phases: (I) information gathering, (II) experimentation, and (III) facility design. The Phase I literature review and information compilation have been completed. This phase showed that, although there is a great amount of literature and expertise which addresses waste hydrocarbon processing, very little actually addresses upgrading contaminated diesel fuel. The analysis performed during this phase demonstrated that the Reclaimed Product (RP) was a slightly contaminated F76 and that large recoveries should be possible. Also established from this analysis was the presence in some RP samples of significant amounts of chlorinated solvents which could affect the choice of the technology. This phase also assigned priorities to the available technologies and evaluated their probable success for upgrading RP to F76. These recommended technologies from Phase I are being evaluated in Phase II. After preliminary evaluation of a number of technologies, a light caustic pretreatment followed by a vacuum distillation to produce marine diesel fuel (F76) and Navy Special Fuel Oil (NSF) appears to be a promising technology. Our plans are to develop a conceptual design of a plant based on this technology. After Phase II is complete the U.S. Navy will make a decision, based on our findings, whether to build a proof-of-concept facility. If the decision is to build the facility, this will take place in 1986.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Plant Profile: Rue (Ruta graveolens)
Also called herb of grace, rue is an evergreen mounding subshrub and a member of the Rutaceae family that also includes oranges, limes, and skimmia. It is native to the Balkan Peninsula where it grows on dry hillsides, often on limestone. Growing up to 3' tall, the plant has a woody base and blue-green pinnately compound leaves 3-5" long with oblong to spatulate leaftlets. The leaflets are fleshy, dotted with glands, and are very aromatic when crushed. The dull yellow flowers have 4-5 petals, are ¾" across, and appear in flattened corymbs in early summer. Plants are usually grown for the attractive foliage and are popular in herb and rose gardens. Historically used as a medicinal herb, the problems associated with its use have led to its cultivation as an ornamental instead. The leaves are toxic if ingested and can photosensitize the skin causing watery blisters on sensitive individuals. The genus name, Ruta, may be related to the Greek word reuo meaning set free and refers to the healing power of the plant. The specific epithet, gravolens, probably is related to the Latin word gravis meaning heavy, and refers to the scent.
Type: Evergreen subshrub
Bloom: Dull yellow flowers ¾" across, with 4-5 petals, in flattened corymbs in early summer.
Light: Full sun; tolerate some light shade.
Soil: Average to lean, dry to medium moist, well-drained,
Hardiness: Zones 4-9
Care: Cut back old growth to woody stems in early spring; mulch in cold winters.
Pests and Diseases: None of significance in most climates but root rot may be a problem in wet soil or in warm climates.
Propagation: Seed, terminal cuttings in late summer and early fall
Companion Plants: Roses, other herbs
 Outstanding Selections:
Blue Beauty' (18" tall)
'Jackman's Blue' (30" tall; especially attractive glaucus blue foliage)


text:
Many system administrators do not want to be bothered with the work needed to ensure that their system is able to reach all the networks (and therefore systems) on all networks worldwide. Instead of doing so, they would rather relay all outgoing mail to another system that is known to be indeed ''smart''.
RELAY_HOST defines the UUCP hostname of such a smart neighboring system.
RELAY_MAILER defines the mailer used to relay the messages there.
It is important to note that setting these parameters results in your outgoing mail being forwarded to this remote system, which will affect the load of their system. Be certain to get explicit agreement from the remote Postmaster before you configure your system to use another system as a general purpose relay host.


Free Light Chains: MedlinePlus Lab Test Information
Clara T. Fryman
What is a no cost light-weight chains check? Mild chains are proteins produced by plasma cells, a type of white blood mobile. Plasma cells also make immunoglobulins (antibodies). Immunoglobulins assistance secure the human body from ailment and infections. Immunoglobulins are formed when light-weight chains hyperlink up with significant chains, a […]
What is a no cost light-weight chains check?
Mild chains are proteins produced by plasma cells, a type of white blood mobile. Plasma cells also make immunoglobulins (antibodies). Immunoglobulins assistance secure the human body from ailment and infections. Immunoglobulins are formed when light-weight chains hyperlink up with significant chains, a different type of protein. When light-weight chains hyperlink up with significant chains, they are recognized as certain light-weight chains.
Normally, plasma cells make a small amount of more light-weight chains that will not bind with significant chains. They are in its place introduced into the bloodstream. These unlinked chains are recognized as no cost light-weight chains.
There are two styles of light-weight chains: lambda and kappa light-weight chains. A no cost light-weight chains check actions the amount of lambda and kappa no cost light-weight chains in the blood. If the amount of no cost light-weight chains is better or decreased than normal, it can indicate you have a condition of the plasma cells. These include things like multiple myeloma, a most cancers of plasma cells, and amyloidosis, a situation that triggers a harmful buildup of proteins in diverse organs and tissues.
Other names: no cost kappa/lambda ratio, kappa/lambda quantitative no cost light-weight, freelite, kappa and lambda no cost light-weight chains, immunoglobulin no cost light-weight chains
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Cancer causes: Popular myths about the causes of cancer
Most cancers results in: Well-known myths about the results in of cancer Misconceptions about cancer results in can lead to needless worry about your health and fitness. Obtain out no matter whether there's any fact to these frequent myths about the results in of cancer. By Mayo Clinic Staff Terrifying […]
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How Setting Small Goals Can Boost Mental Health
By Brandi Goodman
Mental health struggles can be a challenge to manage. You may want to feel better and no longer experience symptoms of depression, but that is easier said than done. Stress and negative thinking can drastically alter our mood and well-being. Starting out with small goals, however, can help you make major improvements in your mental health journey.
Small Goals are Easier to Achieve
If you start by setting a large goal, such as no longer feeling depressed, this may be difficult to accomplish. Setting smaller goals gives you something easier to achieve. You're more likely to reach a goal of a smaller magnitude than a significant one. Simply say you want to find one positive thing in the day to make you smile or get up and finish one task around the house. These smaller options can earn you a huge reward when you start to notice how many you've achieved.
Small Goals Can Make Up a Large One
You can still have a large overall goal that you want to reach. You just need to break it down into several smaller steps along the way. As you reach each one, you will start to see a clearer path to the finish line. Say you have four small goals that will result in the final one. You achieve one and you're already a quarter of the way there. Reach two and you're halfway with only half more to go. It's a more positive way at looking at the situation which can improve your mindset.
Achieving Goals Releases Dopamine
Every time you set a goal for yourself and actually achieve it, you feel good. This is because your brain releases dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that sends signals to the brain to feel good. If you are consistently meeting small goals, you're consistently receiving a shot of dopamine that can make you feel motivated, concentrated, and blissful. These feelings can drastically improve mood and mental health, leading you from negative thoughts and feelings to positive emotions.
Struggles with mental health will not go away easily. They may not ever go away at all. However, you can try to set small goals for yourself that will help you to feel better over time and have more good days than bad. Taking care of yourself and striving to ease your mental health struggles one step at a time is a step in the right direction.
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ECDYSIS
A choreographic exploration of the ecdysis process, a procedure in which reptiles and arthropods shed their old skin and discard their outgrown layers. Snakes and various insects must undergo this transformation several times throughout their lives, as it is necessary for growth. However, the process is neither easy nor fast. It takes time, energy and the right circumstances. Once the process is complete, the body is not only stronger and healthier, but lighter and freer.
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Archaeologists Allegedly Found Old Byzantine Mural of Jesus Christ
Archaeologists Allegedly Found Old Byzantine Mural of Jesus Christ
The Byzantine Empire was once the most significant power in the Western world. In the 5th century AD, the Byzantine Empire emerged from the fragmented remains of the old Roman Empire and lasted for 1,000 years until the Ottoman Turks destroyed it in the 15th century. Because of that, many of the older lesser churches in the former Christian Empire now lies in ruins with little to no artworks remaining. Now archaeologists digging around the Byzantine ruins in Shivta, Israel has found what could be the oldest mural of Jesus Christ.
Emma Maayan-Fanar and her team have been excavating the ruins in Shivta when they found the poorly maintained mural for who they alleged is Christ, but a younger version that has short curly hair. "His face is right there, looking at us," she said. With the team is her husband Dror Maayan, a professional photographer who took hi-res images of the eroded mural.
The town of Shivta was a Byzantine farming community located in the Negev Desert in Israel. The town was active for 650 years and was home to three Byzantine churches. The town 's ruins were re-discovered in 1871 by Edward Henry Palmer, a 19th-century explorer and an expert in Orientalism. This community was by no means small: during the height of its importance, Shivta supported a vast population, which is why it had three churches as well as a mosque. Christians and Muslims mainly populate the town, and there is no indication that it had a significant Jewish population living in it despite being located in Israel.
Archaeologists working in Shivta has noted that there are murals in ruins, with notes dating from the 1920s. But the information was not given any importance, and no efforts to investigate what these murals were and of whom was made until last year when another team of archaeologists working on Shivta has found a painting of Jesus' transfiguration, but no one realized what it actually was until Maayan-Fanar's team took a good look at it.
The discovered mural of Christ is so severely damaged that it isn't even noticeable until there's an outline overlayed on the image. The pictures and findings were posted on Cambridge's website with the title "Christ's face revealed at Shivta: an Early Byzantine wall painting in the desert of the Holy Land". As far as experts are concerned, this is "the first pre-iconoclastic baptism-of-Christ scene" to have been discovered in Israel.
The life of Jesus Christ is a prevalent motif in Christian art. The most famous scenes of his life, his birth in the manger, his visit to the Temple, his baptism, his feeding of five thousand people, his walking over the sea, the Last Supper, and his Passion have been the subject of many artworks throughout history. Discovering this specific style of portraying Christ is essential in itself because it belonged to an iconographic scheme using a short-haired version of Christ, which was popular in Egypt and Syro-Palestine during the older Byzantine years, but was eventually replaced by the long-haired version years later. Many of the older works were also destroyed due to two periods of Byzantine Iconoclasm, and only a few images of Christ existed since antiquity. The earliest representation of Christ dated back to 233 and 256 AD and was found in Syria.
The Bible never indeed described how the Christ looks like, so all of our knowledge about how he looks came from artists' impression of him and from accounts that are kept within the church or old monasteries. This is the first discovered image of Christ that dated back before the Empire's iconoclasm and located in Israel.
1st Image: A picture of the church and the mural. Via
2nd Image: The map of Shivta with the churches' location. Via
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The idea of contaminated food brings up images of court jesters doing taste tests to make sure that kings and queens aren't poisoned. Stories of intentional adulteration go back hundreds of years. People have to eat, and some people have hateful intentions. So, what can we do to keep these people from succeeding? It's no longer just people in positions of power who need to be concerned with food fraud. Using strong food defense methods helps you back your brand and comply with FSMA's Intentional Adulteration (IA) Rule. Some IA deadlines have already passed, and enforcement inspections start as soon as March 2020.
What is the Intentional Adulteration (IA) Rule?
Intentional Adulteration was the last of the seven foundational rules that came from the Food Safety Modernization Act. The IA Rule was proposed in late December of 2013 but was finalized on May 27, 2016. This rule created requirements to prevent (or at least minimize) acts meant to cause broad public health harm. Congress and the FDA scoped the rule so that it affects the weakest points of the food supply chain.
Who does it cover?
Facilities that manufacture, process, pack, or hold human food are covered by the IA rule—so if you have to register with the FDA under section 415 of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the IA Rule applies to you. Intentional Adulteration applies to both domestic and imported food. Retail food and farms aren't covered, and there are exemptions for very small businesses and some others as well.
What does it mean to me?
Food defense plans and training are both required for the Intentional Adulteration. Food defense plans are made up of six parts:
- Vulnerability assessment—used to find the points with the highest risk for intentional adulteration
- Mitigation strategies—measures to minimize or prevent vulnerabilities at each actionable process step
- Procedures for food defense monitoring—documented steps and frequency to monitor mitigation strategies
- Food defense corrective action procedures—written outline for steps to take when mitigation strategies aren't put in place properly
- Food defense verification procedures—what is done to make sure that monitoring, corrective actions, and mitigation strategies are done properly
- Records—documentation to show that all of the procedures from the other parts of the food defense plan were fully and accurately completed
Food Defense Dynamics
Food defense threats have three different factors: motivation, capability, and vulnerability. Motivation accounts for the reason someone would purposely tamper with food. Capability is someone's power to commit the crime. That includes what was used and how they did it. Vulnerability is how likely is someone to be successful at corrupting the food. What all has been put in place to prevent outside influence? Successful food defense plans consider in what areas are vulnerabilities likely to exist and how can people take advantage of these.
The three most common motivators are economically motivated adulteration, also known as "EMA", terrorism, and sabotage. Economically Motivated Adulteration is sometimes called food fraud. EMA is something done to have a monetary gain or economic upper hand or get around trade policies. Terrorism involves people who target the food system to either cause fear, public health harm or social and economic disruption. The target of sabotage is the company more than the public. Sabotage would be when a disgruntled employee, consumer, or competitor wants to damage the brand. This can be a bit more difficult to pinpoint since a lot of times it's done by someone who knows the business well.
Protecting your food from intentional adulteration is important to your business's success, even if you don't produce high-risk foods. Whether or not you fall into the IA Rule category, keep in mind how you can avoid incidents and save yourself money and hassle, plus protect your most valuable asset—your customers. Learn how you can protect your facility with Alchemy Academy. Our Food Defense Supervisor Awareness course is fully online and helps you get a better understanding of what to think about when securing your products.


The Elders were a reptilian humanoid species that inhabited ancient Naboo. Little was known about them other than their history of conflict with the Gungans and the monuments they left behind. Archaeologists were unsure whether the Elders' giant statues were representations of themselves or massive icons devoted to their deities. By the time of the Invasion of Naboo, the Elders were long gone. Several Gungan and Naboo chroniclers surmised that the Elders failed to live in harmony with the planet's delicate balance and were consumed by their own greed.[2] One of their monuments, located north of Lianorm Swamp, became a sacred gathering place for the Gungans.[1]
Appearances[edit | edit source]
Sources[edit | edit source]
Notes and references[edit | edit source]
In other languages


05 at the start of the request (representing Microsoft DCE/RPC Version 5), followed immediately by a 00 or 01 for the minor version. In UDP-based MSRPC requests the first byte is always 04.
 - In COM and DCOM marshalled interfaces, called OBJREFs, always start with the byte sequence "MEOW" (4D 45 4F 57). Debugging extensions (used for DCOM channel hooking) are prefaced with the byte sequence "MARB" (4D 41 52 42).
 - Unencrypted BitTorrent tracker requests begin with a single byte containing the value 19 representing the header length, followed immediately by the phrase "BitTorrent protocol" at byte position 1.
 - eDonkey2000/eMule traffic begins with a single byte representing the client version. Currently E3 represents an eDonkey client, C5 represents eMule, and D4 represents compressed eMule.
 - The first 4 bytes of a block in the Bitcoin Blockchain contains a magic number which serves as the network identifier. The value is a constant 0xD9B4BEF9, which indicates the main network, while the constant 0xDAB5BFFA indicates the testnet.
 - SSL transactions always begin with a "client hello" message. The record encapsulation scheme used to prefix all SSL packets consists of two- and three- byte header forms. Typically an SSL version 2 client hello message is prefixed with a 80 and an SSLv3 server response to a client hello begins with 16 (though this may vary).
 - DHCP packets use a "magic cookie" value of '0x63 0x82 0x53 0x63' at the start of the options section of the packet. This value is included in all DHCP packet types.
 - HTTP/2 connections are opened with the preface '0x505249202a20485454502f322e300d0a0d0a534d0d0a0d0a', or "PRI * HTTP/2.0\r\n\r\nSM\r\n\r\n". The preface is designed to avoid the processing of frames by servers and intermediaries which support earlier versions of HTTP but not 2.0.
In interfaces [edit]
Magic numbers are common in API functions and interfaces across many operating systems, including DOS, Windows and NetWare:
Examples
 - IBM PC-compatible BIOSes use magic values 0000 and 1234 to decide if the system should count up memory or not on reboot, thereby performing a cold or a warm boot. Theses values are also used by EMM386 memory managers intercepting boot requests.[13] BIOSes also use magic values 55 AA to determine if a disk is bootable.[14]
 - The MS-DOS disk cache SMARTDRV (codenamed "Bambi") uses magic values BABE and EBAB in API functions.[13]
 - Many DR DOS, Novell DOS and OpenDOS drivers developed in the former European Development Centre in the UK use the value 0EDC as magic token when invoking or providing additional functionality sitting on top of the (emulated) standard DOS functions, NWCACHE being one example.[13]
Other uses [edit]
Examples
Data type limits[edit]
This is a list of limits of data storage types:[16]
Decimal Hex Description
18,446,744,073,709,551,615 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF The maximum unsigned 64 bit value (264 − 1)
9,223,372,036,854,775,807 7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF The maximum signed 64 bit value (263 − 1)
9,007,199,254,740,992 0020000000000000 The largest consecutive integer in IEEE 754 double precision (253)
4,294,967,295 FFFFFFFF The maximum unsigned 32 bit value (232 − 1)
2,147,483,647 7FFFFFFF The maximum signed 32 bit value (231 − 1)
16,777,216 01000000 The largest consecutive integer in IEEE 754 single precision (224)
65,535 FFFF The maximum unsigned 16 bit value (216 − 1)
32,767 7FFF The maximum signed 16 bit value (215 − 1)
255 FF The maximum unsigned 8 bit value (28 − 1)
127 7F The maximum signed 8 bit value (27 − 1)
−128 80 Minimum signed 8 bit value
−32,_PHONE_ Minimum signed 16 bit value
−2,147,483,648 80000000 Minimum signed 32 bit value
−9,223,372,036,854,775,808 8000000000000000 Minimum signed 64 bit value
GUIDs [edit]
It is possible to create or alter globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) so that they are memorable, but this is highly discouraged as it compromises their strength as near-unique identifiers.[17][18] The specifications for generating GUIDs and UUIDs are quite complex, which is what leads to them being virtually unique, if properly implemented. .[citation needed]
Microsoft Windows product ID numbers for Microsoft Office products sometimes end with 0000-0000-0000000FF1CE ("OFFICE"), such as {90160000-008C-0000-0000-0000000FF1CE}, the product ID for the "Office 16 Click-to-Run Extensibility Component".
Java uses several GUIDs starting with CAFEEFAC.[19]
In the GUID Partition Table of the GPT partitioning scheme, BIOS Boot partitions use the special GUID {21686148-6449-6E6F-744E-656564454649}[20] which does not follow the GUID definition; instead, it is formed by using the ASCII codes for the string "Hah!IdontNeedEFI" partially in little endian order.[21]
Debug values [edit]
Magic debug values are specific values written to memory during allocation or deallocation, so that it will later be possible to tell whether or not they have become corrupted, and to make it obvious when values taken from uninitialized memory are being used. Memory is usually viewed in hexadecimal, so memorable repeating or hexspeak values are common. Numerically odd values may be preferred so that processors without byte addressing will fault when attempting to use them as pointers (which must fall at even addresses). Values should be chosen that are away from likely addresses (the program code, static data, heap data, or the stack). Similarly, they may be chosen so that they are not valid codes in the instruction set for the given architecture.
Since it is very unlikely, although possible, that a 32-bit integer would take this specific value, the appearance of such a number in a debugger or memory dump most likely indicates an error such as a buffer overflow or an uninitialized variable.
Famous and common examples include:
Code Description
00008123 Used in MS Visual C++. Deleted pointers are set to this value, so they throw an exception, when they are used after; it is a more recognizable alias for the zero address. It is activated with the Security Development Lifecycle (/sdl) option.[22]
..FACADE "Facade", Used by a number of RTOSes
1BADB002 "1 bad boot", Multiboot header magic number[23]
8BADF00D "Ate bad food", Indicates that an Apple iOS application has been terminated because a watchdog timeout occurred.[24]
A5A5A5A5 Used in embedded development because the alternating bit pattern (_PHONE_) creates an easily recognized pattern on oscilloscopes and logic analyzers.
A5 Used in FreeBSD's PHK malloc(3) for debugging when /etc/malloc.conf is symlinked to "-J" to initialize all newly allocated memory as this value is not a NULL pointer or ASCII NUL character.
ABABABAB Used by Microsoft's debug HeapAlloc() to mark "no man's land" guard bytes after allocated heap memory.[25]
ABADBABE "A bad babe", Used by Apple as the "Boot Zero Block" magic number
ABBABABE "ABBA babe", used by Driver Parallel Lines memory heap.
ABADCAFE "A bad cafe", Used to initialize all unallocated memory (Mungwall, AmigaOS)
B16B00B5 "Big Boobs", Formerly required by Microsoft's Hyper-V hypervisor to be used by Linux guests as the upper half of their "guest id"[26]
BAADF00D "Bad food", Used by Microsoft's debug HeapAlloc() to mark uninitialized allocated heap memory[25]
BAAAAAAD "Baaaaaad", Indicates that the Apple iOS log is a stackshot of the entire system, not a crash report[24]
BAD22222 "Bad too repeatedly", Indicates that an Apple iOS VoIP application has


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm trying to implement an X.509 certificate generator from scratch (I know about the existing ones, but I need yet another one). What I cannot understand is how to calculate the SHA-1 (or any other) fingerprint of the certificate.
The RFC5280 says that the input to the signature function is the DER-encoded tbsCertificate field. Unfortunately, the hash that I calculate differs from the one produced by OpenSSL. Here's a step-by-step example.
 1. generate a certificate using OpenSSL's x509 tool (in a binary DER form, not the ASCII PEM)
 2. calculate its SHA-1 hash using openssl x509 -fingerprint
 3. extract the TBS field using dd (or anything else) and store it in a separate file; calculate its hash using the sha1sum utility
Now, the hashes I get at steps 2 and 3 are different. Can someone please give me a hint what I may be doing wrong?
share|improve this question
When you calculate the SHA-1 hash of the tbsCertificate, are you using PKCS#1 padding, as specified in rfc 3279? – sarnold Jan 26 '11 at 11:28
Uhm... RFC2313 (PKCS#1) only specifies RSA encryption. As far as I understand, padding is not needed at the SHA-1 computing phase? – Roman D Jan 26 '11 at 12:13
_USER_ D: Since it's not at all obvious, you should write that as an answer and accept it. – caf Jan 28 '11 at 1:52
_USER_, how do you get the thumbprint of the certificate? I'm not sure what it is. You can calculate SHA-1 of the certificate and see if it the same as thumbprint or not. – Roman D Aug 29 '12 at 9:01
_USER_, I don't have a Windows PC available right now to take a look. Maybe the thumbprint that is shown there is the hash of the public key, as described in wikipedia? – Roman D Aug 30 '12 at 5:36
2 Answers 2
up vote 13 down vote accepted
Ok, so it turned out that the fingerprint calculated by OpenSSL is simply a hash over the whole certificate (in its DER binary encoding, not the ASCII PEM one!), not only the TBS part, as I thought.
For anyone who cares about calculating certificate's digest, it is done in a different way: the hash is calculated over the DER-encoded (again, not the PEM string) TBS part only, including its ASN.1 header (the ID 0x30 == ASN1_SEQUENCE | ASN1_CONSTRUCTED and the length field). Please note that the certificate's ASN.1 header is not taken into account.
share|improve this answer
you could add to your answer (or question) how you extracted the TBS part with dd exactly for future reference :) – Filipe Pina Nov 17 '11 at 17:39
Oh... That was quite a while ago, so I don't remember the details. I think I manually extracted the TBS offset and length from the hexdump of the certificate, and then used these values as dd's arguments, nothing complicated there – Roman D Nov 24 '11 at 17:46
_USER_ D your answer says 'hash over the whole certificate' in the first paragraph and 'TBS part only' in the second paragraph. Is this a mistake? And what is the TBS part of a certificate? I couldn't find anything useful from my google search. – chitti Oct 23 '12 at 17:55
_USER_ No, it is not a mistake, I even put it in italics to stress the idea. :) First paragraph is about the fingerprint, second one is about the digest. You can read about the TBSCertificate field in the RFC5280 (see 4.1.1,, 4.1.2). Basically, it is one of the required fields of a certificate (other two are signatureAlgorithm and signatureValue). – Roman D Oct 24 '12 at 3:26
_USER_ ahh.. my bad.. Thanks! :) – chitti Oct 24 '12 at 17:52
The finger print is similar to term "Thumbprint" in.net. Below code snippet should help you to compute finger print :
 public String generateFingerPrint(X509Certificate cert) throws CertificateEncodingException,NoSuchAlgorithmException {
MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
byte[] hash = digest.digest(cert.getEncoded[]);
final char delimiter = ':';
// Calculate the number of characters in our fingerprint
 // ('# of bytes' * 2) chars + ('# of bytes' - 1) chars for delimiters
 final int len = hash.length * 2 + hash.length - 1;
 // Typically SHA-1 algorithm produces 20 bytes, i.e. len should be 59
 StringBuilder fingerprint = new StringBuilder(len);
 // Step 1: unsigned byte
 hash[i] &= 0xff;
 // Steps 2 & 3: byte to hex in two chars
 // Lower cased 'x' at '%02x' enforces lower cased char for hex value!
 fingerprint.append(String.format("%02x", hash[i]));
 // Step 4: put delimiter
 if (i < hash.length - 1) {
 return fingerprint.toString();
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Return to Colorado Governor's Index Return to Colorado State Archives
Photo at Right, Clarence Morley
The Clarence Morley Collection comprises 16 cubic feet of material, most of which spans his term of office from _PHONE_. One cubic foot covers _PHONE_ when Morley was arrested and sent to federal prison for mail fraud. Record series included in the collection are applications and appointments to office, correspondence, the Executive Record, extraditions and requisitions, reports, speeches and messages, newspaper clippings and ephemera, photographs, and a special series "U.S.A. vs. Morley/Mail Fraud Case and Correspondence." Most of the collection is in its original format and is in good condition.
Strengths of the material include documentation concerning the legislation that was introduced during his term, Prohibition, affairs of the various state agencies, and especially the court case surrounding his crime of mail fraud. Documentation concerning the Ku Klux Klan is found indirectly through such items as correspondence with Morley's constituents, speeches and messages, and other records which reflect his political leanings.
Clarence Morley, Governor of Colorado in _PHONE_, was born in Dyersville, Iowa on February 9, 1869. His public schooling in Cedar Falls, Iowa, was interrupted when his family relocated to Trinidad, Colorado in 1890. It was in Trinidad that Morley began his career in law as an official of the District Court. Five years later Morley attended the law school at Denver University. After nineteen years of private practice and serving on the Denver School Board, Morley was elected District Judge of Denver in 1918. He retained this judicial post until his gubernatorial victory in 1925.
Morleys political ascent paralleled an anti-minority, anti-foreign, anti-Jewish, and anti-Catholic sentiment that existed throughout the country during the 1920's. Proponents of these beliefs found many supporters in the Ku Klux Klan, which in Colorado came under the leadership of the charismatic and persuasive John Galen Locke. Locke focused less on the overt violence and racism that characterized many other Klan groups and more on creating one of the strongest political machines that Colorado had thus far seen. As the Denver Post wrote, "..beyond any doubt the KKK is the largest and most cohesive, most efficiently organized political force in the state " Under Lockes control, the Klan secured a variety of political seats and gained advantageous alliances, including one with Ben Stapleton, mayor of Denver. Taking advantage of weak leadership in the Republican Party, the Klan promoted Judge Morley as the partys choice for governor. The primarily conservative voters of Colorado tended to vote for a straight Republican party ticket, and thus also chose the Klan. The Republicans, top-heavy with Klan members, won the 1924 election by a landslide. The Klan instituted Morley as Governor, obtained a majority in the House and Senate, elected the Secretary of State, and secured a Supreme Court Judgeship as well as seven benches on the Denver District Court. John Galen Lockes Ku Klux Klan now seemed to be in control of the Colorado political system.
Morleys administration was exemplified, however, by a growing dichotomy in the Republican Party. There was also considerable opposition from a small group of democrats, led by future governor Billy Adams, that successfully killed almost all Klan sponsored legislation in committee. In 101 days 1,080 bills were introduced under the statehouse dome. Of those bills, only fifteen percent made it as far as the governors pen and only three of those were originally sponsored by Morley. Despite his apparent lack of legislative success, Morley was responsible for ratifying the Colorado River Compact, strengthening prohibition laws, developing a successful inmate labor program, and promoting legislation that allowed the state to carry its own insurance on its public buildings. Thus, while Morley was an active Klansman, his legislative successes had little to do with his special interest group affiliations. His connections to the Klan also failed to make him popular with many Colorado citizens who admonished him for his numerous acts of clemency, and for his development of a police force, that many felt, enforced the prohibition laws too aggressively.
Soon after his administration ended, Morley established C.J. Morley & Company, a stock brokerage firm in Indianapolis, Indiana. After three years in this endeavor, Morley returned to Denver in order to practice law again. His plans were interrupted, however, when he was arrested in 1935 for mail fraud. Specifically, Morleys Indiana investment firm was accused of knowingly sending false statements through the mail in order to defraud their customers. While he was found not guilty in Colorado, the Federal courts indicted him for twenty-one counts of mail fraud and for using his prestige and past public office connections to defraud his customers. Morley was found guilty on these charges, and was sentenced to Leavenworth Prison for five years. After he completed his prison term, Morley moved to Oklahoma City where he died three years later on November 15, 1948.
Atchinson, Carla Joan. Nativism in Colorado Politics: The American Protective Association and the Ku Klux Klan. Willamette University, Unpublished Masters Thesis, 1972.
"Beneath the Hood and the Robe: A Socioeconomic Analysis of K.K.K. Membership in Denver, Co., _PHONE_." Western Historical Quarterly, #11, April 1980, pgs. 181 198.
Carter, Carrol Joe. Adams and the Ku Klux Klan. Alamosa, Co.: Adams State College, Unpublished Thesis, 1980.
Casey, Lee. "When the Klan Controlled Colorado." Rocky Mountain News, 17-19 June 1946.
Chalmers, David M.. Hooded Americanism: The History of the Ku Klux Klan. New York: Franklin Watts, 1951.
Creighton, John. "The Small Town Klan in Colorado." Essays and Monographs in Colorado History. #2, 1983.
Davis, James Harlan. "Colorado Under the Klan." Colorado Magazine, Vol. 42, Spring 1965, pgs. 93 113.
Davis, James Harlan. The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan in Colorado, _PHONE_. Denver, Co.: University of Denver Masters Thesis, 1963.
Higham, John. Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism _PHONE_. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1955.
Goldberg, Robert Allen. Hooded Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Colorado. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981.
Jackson, Kenneth T.. The Ku Klux Klan in the City _PHONE_. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967.
"Klan Activity in Greeley During the 1920s." The Greeley Tribune, 16 November 1970, pg. 11A.
Kolmitz, Joy. The Influence of the Ku Klux Klan in Colorado Politics. Boulder, Co.: University of Colorado, Unpublished Masters Thesis, 1962.
Ku Klux Klan Collection, 1920s. Denver, Co.: Denver Public Library Western History Collection.
Ku Klux Klan Collection, 1920s. Denver, Co.: Colorado Historical Society Library.
"Ku Klux Klan in Grand Junction, _PHONE_." Journal of the Western Slope, # 4, Winter 1989, pgs. 6 55.
Lamm, Richard D. Pioneers & Politicians: 10 Colorado Governors in Profile. Boulder, Co.: Pruett Publishing Co., 1984.
Lay, Shawn, ed. The Invisible Empire in the West: Toward a New Appraisal of the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
Lindsey, Benjamin. "My Fight with the Ku Klux Klan." Survey Graphic, June 1925.
Marriner, Gerald Lynn. "Klan Politics in Colorado." Journal of the West, January 1976.
Moore, Otto. Judge O. Otto Moore on the Ku Klux Klan in Colorado (videorecording). Denver, Co., Denver Public Library Western History Collection, 1979.
"A New Klan for a New Day: The Ku Klux Klan in Colorado in the 1920s." The Journal of the Western Slope, Winter 1989, Vol. 4, # 1, pg. 4.
Rice, Arnold S. The Ku Klux Klan in American Politics. Washington D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1962.
"The Rise and Fall of the K.K.K." Denver Post Empire, 21 September 1969, pgs. 14 22.
The Rocky Mountian American, Boulder, Co.: Rocky Mountian American Printing and Publishing Co., 1925. Microfilm format available at the Denver Public Library Western History Collection.
Senter Family Papers _PHONE_. Denver, Co.: Denver Public Library Western History Collection.
Van Cise Collection, 1924. Denver, Co.: Denver Public Library Western History Collection.
Walrod, Stephen T. The Ku Klux Klan in Colorado, _PHONE_. New Jesey: Princeton University, Unpublished Bachlors Thesis, 1970.
Zylstra, Don. "When the Ku Klux Klan Ran Denver." The Denver Post Roundup, 5 Jan. 1958, pgs. 5 7.
The Executive Record contains executive orders; appointments


text:
Seminole & Apalachicola Indian records & miscellaneous
(This page was last updated Oct. 7, 2002.)
This is a transcription of a few smaller Seminole & Apalachicola Indian Emigration muster rolls and letters from National Archives microfilm series M234, rolls 290, 291, 806 and 807. Series M234 reproduces letters received by the Office of Indian Affairs. Rolls 806 and 807 contains correspondence relating to Seminole Emigration from 1827 to 1859. Rolls 290 and 291 contains correspondence relating to Florida Superintendency Emigration from 1828 to 1853. Many of these are very hard to read and there are no doubt mistakes in the transcriptions. More background information regarding the transcribed records below can usually be found in the letters preceeding and following the record, on the microfilm.
The Indians were usually collected at Tampa Bay, Florida and from there taken to New Orleans, Louisianna and then to Fort Gibson, Indian Territory where they were officially recorded as having arrived.
[* Information from the Arkansas Gazette]
- A list of 459 Seminoles and 165 Negroes captured at Fort Jupiter, East Florida, by the Troops, from February to March 1838.
- A list of 132 Negroes and 5 Seminoles sent from Fort Jupiter, Florida to Tampa Bay, Florida for emigration.
- A letter regarding 878 Seminoles and 257 Negroes being emigrated in May-June 1838. 31 of the Negro slaves were detained in New Orleans, see letter.
- About 700 Seminoles arrived in Arkansas in June 1838 on board the steamboat "South Alabama". This group arrived in Fort Gibson on board the steamboats "Liverpool" and "Itasca". "Near one third of the party are negroes"
* June 2, 1838.
- About 400 Seminoles passed Little Rock, Arkansas in June 1838 on board the steam boat "Livingston".
* June 27, 1838.
- A summary muster roll of Seminoles who arrived if June 1838. Lists only the number of emigrants.
- A muster roll of 115 Seminoles and 2 Negroes who arrived June 19, 1838.
- A muster roll of 292 Seminoles and 29 Negroes who arrived June 28, 1838.
- A muster roll of 34 Seminoles about to emigrate in July 1838.
- A muster roll of 67 Seminoles who arrived August 5, 1838. This roll is the same as a muster roll of 65 "Creeks" and 35 Negroes who arrived August 5, 1838 on board the steam boat Itasca.
- About 60 to 70 Seminoles passed through Arkansas in July 1838 on board the steamboat "Itasca".
* July 25, 1838.
The following 4 groups were emigrated together. This party left Pensacola, Florida on Oct. 29, 1838 and arrived at New Orleans on Nov. 2, 1838. They arrived at Little Rock, Arkansas on board the steam boat "Rodney" in November 1838. They were conveyed to Fort Gibson on board the steam boat "North St. Louis" but the boat ran a ground near Cadron, Arkansas. This group finally arrived on January 10, 1839. * November 28, 1838.
- A letter from Daniel Boyd, Nov. 11, 1838.
- A muster roll of 32 Apalachicola Indians belonging to Blunts Tribe
- A muster roll of 126 Apalachicola Indians belonging to Walker's town.
- A muster roll of 81 Apalachicola Indians belonging to Econ chatta Micco's town.
- A muster roll of 37 Apalachicola Indians received from Lt. Berrian at Dog Island.
- A muster roll of 272 Seminoles who arrived January 10, 1839. Many of the persons appear on the list of claims below.
- A letter from John G. Reynolds to T. Hartley Crawford, March 10, 1839.
- A muster roll of 163 Seminoles and 42 Negroes who arrived April 13, 1839 on board the Steam Boat "Buckeye".
- A muster roll of 48 Seminoles who arrived at Fort Gibson, Dec. 23, 1839.
- A party of 205 Seminoles and 6 Negroes embarked from Tampa Bay, Florida on March 20, 1841 for New Orleans and arrived March 29, 1841. They then embarked from the New Orleans Barracks for Fort Gibson on April 4, 1841 on board the steamboat "President" under the direction of Maj. Belknap with Lieut. Sprague, and Asst. Surgeon Barnes. They arrived at Fort Gibson on April 19, 1841. See the next four letters and muster roll:
- A letter from L. G. Capers to T. Hartley Crawford, March 19, 1841.
- A letter from L. G. Capers to T. Hartley Crawford, April 4, 1841.
- A letter from J. Clarke to T. Hartley Crawford, April 14, 1841.
- A letter from L. G. Capers to T. Hartley Crawford, April 20, 1841.
- A muster roll of Seminoles who arrived April 19, 1841.
- A letter from L. G. Capers to T. Hartley Crawford, Aug. 27, 1841.
- A muster roll of 199 "Florida Indians" who left New Orleans Oct. 20, 1841 on board the steam boat "Little Rock".
- A muster roll of 197 of "Florida Indians" who arrived at Fort Gibson, Nov. 12, 1841 on board the steamboat "Little Rock".
- A muster roll of 226 "Florida Indians" about to emigrate in February 1842.
- A letter from L. G. Capers to T. Hartley Crawford, March 19, 1842.
- A muster roll of 91 Seminoles and 3 Negroes about to emigrate April 1842.
- A muster roll of 278 Seminoles and 3 Negroes who arrived June 14, 1842.
- An account of provisions issued to 591 Emigrant Seminoles, 18 Negroes, and 3 Euchees for June-Oct. 1842.
- A muster roll of 5 Seminoles and 13 Negroes about to Emigrate from New Orleans, Louisianna to Fort Gibson, July 1842. Also two letters. 84 others not listed.
- A muster roll of 83 Seminoles and 4 Euchees who arrived September 5, 1842. See also letter from E.R.S. Cauby to T. Hartley Crawford, Sept. 16, 1842.
- A muster roll of 96 "Florida Indians" and 3 Negroes about to Emigrate from New Orleans, Louisianna to Fort Gibson, January 1843.
- A muster roll of 51"Florida Indians" about to Emigrate to Fort Gibson, January 1843.
- A muster roll of 59 "Florida Indians" and 3 Negroes about to Emigrate from New Orleans to Fort Gibson, February 1843.
- An account of provisions issued to Emigrant Seminoles for April-June 1850. 12 heads of families are listed. Presumably these are Seminoles who recently emigrated and this is a record of their government subsistence for the first year after Emigration.
- See also records of Negroes in the Seminole Nation.
- "Observations on the Seminole Indians" - 1823 by Horatio S. Dexter.
- An 1842 census of Seminoles in the West.
- A letter from John C. Casey regarding Seminoles remaining in Florida, February 1851.
- Two letters regarding Seminoles in the Creek Nation and the payment of their Seminole annuities, 1855. Also a census of the Seminoles in the Creek Nation.
- Treaty with the Appalachicola band, Oct. 11, 1832 @ Oklahoma State University
- Treaty with the Appalachicola band, June 18, 1833 @ Oklahoma State University
- 1833 Census of the Apalachicola Indians:
- Page 1 - Spane Watka, or Davy's, or Cochrane's Town
- Page 2 - Choconicla Town
- Page 3 - Totointha Town
- Page 4 - Attapulgus, or Emathchee Town
- Page 5 - Iola, or Blunt's Town
- Page 6 - recapitulation (print in landscape setting)
- A letter from Archibald Smith regarding Creek Indians taken captive by the Apalachicola Indians, Jan. 4, 1838.
- John Blount/Blunt and others migrated to east Texas, see an 1870 report.
- A list of claims of "Apalachicola" Indians for the value of their improvements abandoned.


Every year, the U.S. Census Bureau compiles a data set of the names given to children born per state. In this session, we'll take this publicly available data set and use it to create an epic data story.
You will learn how to identify key data points, visualize them effectively, and create a compelling narrative to present your findings to any type of audience.
So, whether your data story is a history, a tragedy, or a thriller, you'll learn how to tell it in a way that will captivate and enthrall your audience.
Presented by James McGillivray at SQLBits XX


The RING-Finger E3 Ubiquitin Ligase COP1 SUPPRESSOR1 Negatively Regulates COP1 Abundance in Maintaining COP1 Homeostasis in Dark-Grown Arabidopsis Seedlings
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2014
CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in both plants and animals. In dark-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, COP1 targets photomorphogenesis-promoting factors for degradation to repress photomorphogenesis. Little is known, however, about how COP1 itself is regulated. Here, we identify COP1 SUPPRESSOR1 (CSU1), a RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a regulator of COP1. Genetic evidence demonstrates that csu1 mutations suppress cop1-6 phenotypes completely in the dark. Furthermore, CSU1 colocalizes with COP1 in nuclear speckles and negatively regulates COP1 protein accumulation in darkness. CSU1 can ubiquitinate COP1 in vitro and is essential for COP1 ubiquitination in vivo. Therefore, we conclude that CSU1 plays a major role in maintaining COP1 homeostasis by targeting COP1 for ubiquitination and degradation in dark-grown seedlings.
GENE-EXPRESSION
LIGHT-DEPENDENT INTERACTION
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
CRYPTOCHROME
Plant Sciences
CONSTITUTIVELY
BLUE-LIGHT
B-BOX
PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1
1
TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR
UV-B
MEDIATED DEVELOPMENT
PROTEIN
PHOTOMORPHOGENIC REPRESSOR COP1
Författare
Dongqing Xu
Göteborgs universitet
Fang Lin
Jiang Yang
Göteborgs universitet
Xi Huang
Jigang Li
Junjie Ling
Chamari Hettiarachchi
Göteborgs universitet
Christian Tellgren-Roth
Magnus Holm
Göteborgs universitet
Xing Wang Deng
Plant Cell
_PHONE_ (ISSN) 1532-298X (eISSN)
Vol. 26 5 _PHONE_
Ämneskategorier
Biologiska vetenskaper
DOI
10.1105/tpc.114.124024


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The overall aim of these different streams in the Part-time Postgraduate Diploma in Education Programme – Subject Teaching and Subject Knowledge (PgD in Ed – STSK) is to provide professional training to serving teachers who are not graduates in the respective subject but are teaching or aspiring to teach that subject.
The aim of each stream of the programme is to help student to develop pedagogical skills and knowledge of a designated specialised subject with a view to enabling them to become subject specialists in schools.
- To develop in students expertise in subject knowledge and pedagogical skills pertaining to a specializing school subject which is not the major subject in their university study. The pedagogical skills include effective strategies for the planning, conducting and evaluating of teaching of this specializing subject; and
- To enhance teachers personal qualities which support their daily work and professional development. These personal qualities include interpersonal effectiveness, creativity, self-understanding, and the motivation and readiness for self-reflection and self-improvement.
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon the completion of the programme, graduates are able to:
- develop subject knowledge pertaining to a specializing school subject which is not the major subject in students' university study.
- develop pedagogical content knowledge for effective teaching of the specializing school subject.
- acquire effective strategies for planning, conducting and evaluating of teaching of the specializing school subject.
- demonstrate a reflective and sensitive mind in educational practices and social issues.
- show commitments to uphold professional integrity and advancement of the profession.
Applicants are required to choose "Primary School Focus" or "Secondary School Focus" when submitting their admission application. Upon admitted, they are required to complete a total number of 28 units that consists of a pedagogical specialised subject (6 units) with supervised teaching practice assessment (4 units), and subject knowledge. (18 units)
Specializing subjects offered are:
|Primary School Focus:||English, Mathematics (Junior), Physical Education|
|Secondary School Focus:||English, Physical Education|
(Final provision of specializing subjects will depend on demand, and are offered at the discretion of the Department.)
The structure of the programme is as follows:
|Specialising Subject||Subject Teaching & STPA
(Total 18 units; 3 units each)
*Students who successfully complete this PgD in Ed – English STSK will meet the requirements for both subject knowledge and language proficiency for English teachers in schools as stipulated by the Education Bureau (EDB).
Classes are scheduled on weekday evenings and Saturdays.
The programme adopts a student-centred approach that builds on the knowledge and experience that students bring with them. Teaching is conducted through lectures, lecture-discussions, seminars, workshops, microteaching, on-site peer observation and supervised teaching practice. Coursework emphasises reflection, creativity and continuous development of the teacher.
Both Chinese and English languages are used in the Programme (except English STSK). The choice of medium of instruction depends on the nature of individual courses.
- Requirements of Field Practice (To fulfill the requirements for satisfactory completion of Field Practice, students are required to:)
- accumulate a duration of 12 weeks on-site Supervised Teaching Practice in a school setting if they do not have a full-time teaching position during the period of study;
- teach at least 48 lessons on his/her major subject (or equivalent to 32 teaching hours);
- complete at least 2 Supervised Teaching Practice Assessments (STPA);
- attend two Reflective Seminars; and
- submit a Reflective Teaching Portfolio.
- Arrangement of Field Practice
- it is an expectation that students arrange Field Practice by themselves;
- it is the students' responsibility to notify the Department as soon as they have obtained a teaching/teaching-related post and they should then supply the relevant documents (e.g. the employment contract, testimonial of employment, etc.) to the Department for verification and record purposes; and
- it is suggested that students should report any difficulties in arranging Field Practice to the Department.
GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS & ACADEMIC AWARDS
Students who have satisfactorily completed the Programme will be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Education by the University. To be eligible for the award, students must:
- complete a total of 28 units within the specified duration of the programme;
- obtain a 'Satisfactory' in Supervised Teaching Practice Assessment;
- obtain Grade C- or above in all courses; and
- achieve a cumulative GPA of 2.5 or above.
To be awarded Distinction for the Programme, students should attain a cumulative GPA of 3.67 or above, with no course grade below B- and no repeated courses. Students attaining a cumulative GPA between 3.40 and 3.66 will be awarded Merit.
Graduates from PgD in Ed – English STSK will be recognized as
- trained in English language teaching at the postgraduate diploma level;
- having fulfilled SCOLAR's requirement for PGSK in English;
- exempted from LPAT (English).


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Karthik Muralidharan is an Associate Professor in the Economics Department at University of California, San Diego. His research focuses on improving education and health in developing countries. He has studied the impact of performance-pay for teachers, the impact of contract teachers, and the impact of cash grants to schools on student learning outcomes in India via large-scale randomized evaluations. Current projects include studying the impact of school choice programs in India, and the impact of teacher certification, across the board salary increases for teachers, and continuous teacher training programs in Indonesia.
Karthik earned his PhD from Harvard University and is Co-Chair of J-PAL's Education sector.


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Why are organisations sharing their stories?
Our climate champions are showcasing their commitments and actions to inspire other Australians to act on climate change and realise zero emissions opportunities.
Their stories help give others a better understanding of how they can plan and implement their own actions towards a zero emissions future. They are also working to build connections and enable the Better Futures Australia community of climate champions to go farther together.
Whether you are talking with your community about climate solutions, showcasing sustainable efforts and zero emissions opportunities among your peers, or advocating for climate action at your workplace or in your region, your story motivates others to act on climate change.
You can find inspiration or submit your story at


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We have developed an android application which loads different eco-zones and does geo-fencing based on current GPS location.
We have converted a shapefile to KML, then to JSON format, for loading in the Android app.
The zones had 1000+ vertexes, so performance was an issue. I then tried splitting the polygons, this deforms zone boundaries.
Is there a better approach to this, while respecting zone boundaries, in which the performance could be improved? I.e. less vertices using some other algorithm? or a better GIS data format?
share|improve this question
You can generalise (simplification) the polygons lightly or aggressively - see gis.stackexchange.com/questions/440/… – Mapperz Feb 13 '13 at 3:07
If the shapefile was loaded into a spatial database (ie postgis) you can request both json (geojson) and simplified polygons on the fly postgis.org/docs/ST_AsGeoJSON.html postgis.org/docs/ST_Simplify.html – Mapperz Feb 13 '13 at 3:11
1 Answer 1
I'm not sure about your exact workflow, so I'll try to give a general answer.
There are two different ways that geodata can be used, and the answer depends on which one you need:
 1. You are showing the data on a map. In this case, if you load 1000+ vertices as graphics on the map, you will have a low performance. What you need to do is to load the data as a raster, say a WMS service or something similar. Delegate the drawing of the layer to something else. How to implement this, depends on you map View. I am not too sure of Google Map API, But you could look into using the osmdroid library.
 2. Your app has the data, but it is used only for querying. Say for example, finding out if the current location is within a zone or not. This can be done by storing the data in a spatial database. We have had a lot of success with spatilite for Android
You could also go for a hybrid aproach if you need both.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


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Everything you need to know about pimples on tattoos. Pimples can develop when an oil, dirt, or skin cell clogs a hair follicle.
There is no doubt that pimples can be a nuisance, no matter where they occur on your body. It can be particularly irritating if they appear on your tattoo, and may even be cause for concern. It is important to know a few things about pimples on a tattoo, and there are some things you can do to resolve the problem, so read on to learn more.
Why Do Tattoos Get Pimples?
If you do not know the cause of a breakout on your tattoo, you cannot effectively treat it. It is possible to develop pimples on a tattoo as a result of a number of factors:
- In most cases, pimples on a tattoo are caused by clogged pores. A buildup of oil and sebum in the pores of the skin may draw dirt into the pores. Keeping the area clean and exfoliating the skin gently can help solve this problem.
- Using excessive aftercare products – while caring for your tattoo is very important, you should avoid using excessive amounts of lotion or oil. As a result, your pores can become clogged and your recovery may be slowed. Do not use any petroleum-based products since they are very thick and make your skin difficult to breathe. Consider using products that have been specifically designed to promote tattoo healing and only use them as directed by your tattoo artist.
- In allergic reactions, small bumps usually appear on the surface of the skin, which can be mistaken for pimples. There is a possibility that you may be experiencing fine pimples as a result of an allergic reaction. If you have a new tattoo, you may have a reaction to the latex used in the artist's gloves or to the petroleum jelly used during the tattooing process.
Does a tattoo's design get damaged if it has pimples?
Is it possible to damage a tattoo due to acne?
It is unlikely that a pimple will cause any damage to your tattoo if it develops. The treatment of the pimple, however, can disrupt the ink and ruin your artwork if you are not careful. The risk of infection may even increase as a result.
You will find information below on how to properly care for pimples on new or old tattoos, symptoms to watch for, and more.
Pimple on My Tattoo
Although some people are concerned that pimples will permanently damage their new tattoo, the good news is that they are unlikely to do so. It may, however, disrupt the ink if you do not take care, or put you at greater risk of infection if you do not take precautions.
What Should I Know About New Tattoos and Pimples?
In the case of a new tattoo, a spot breakout is always more likely to occur. An open wound is caused by new body art, and therefore any bacteria that enters it may cause irritation or breakouts.
Generally speaking, you should not pop pimples, and if you pop one on a new tattoo, you may cause more harm than good. When you scratch, pick, and pop pimples on your tattoo, you will expose yourself to additional bacteria and, even if you do not contract an infection, it may displace the ink, causing faded and patchy areas in the design, as well as possible scarring.
Is it okay if an old tattoo has pimples?
Despite the fact that an old tattoo is not an open wound, the skin around it remains extremely delicate. Consequently, popping pimples even on an old tattoo is not recommended. If you pick at the pimple, even if it is above the ink deposits, you may cause a visible scar as well as an infection.
The effects of pimples on old tattoos
Despite the fact that older tattoos are no longer considered open wounds, tattooed skin is still extremely delicate.
If you have developed a pimple, you should not pick or pop it. Picking can still cause visible scarring even if the pimple is far above the ink deposits. There is still a possibility of infection.
What is the best way to treat pimples on a tattoo?
If you have pimples on your tattoo, here are some tips to help you treat them:
- The area should never be popped, scratched, or picked.
- Make sure that the products you use do not contain any additives or fragrances.
- When applying the product to the skin, use small circular motions to rub the product into the skin, as scrubbing may damage the skin.
- Make sure you follow the aftercare instructions provided by your tattoo artist.
- To keep the skin hydrated and balanced, wash carefully to remove oil and dirt from the pores, and follow up with a fragrance-free moisturizer.
- If you intend to use an acne-fighting product on a tattoo, you must first speak with the artist. Although salicylic acid may heal pimples, it may also damage tattoos, causing them to fade and lose their color.
My tattoo appears to have pimples, but are they actually pimples?
The pimple on your tattoo might not be a pimple at all if it does not go away within a couple of weeks. There are several possible causes of a pimple-like bump, including:
- In order to protect your new tattoo from excessive moisture, some tattoo artists recommend using a thick moisturizer. The use of a thick product during the healing process is a good idea, however, once the tattoo has healed, it may not be necessary to use one. When you apply too much moisture to your skin, anyone with combination or oily skin may develop pimples. As soon as your tattoo has fully healed, you can switch to a thinner moisturizer to prevent these irritations.
- In cases of irritation, there can be lumps that resemble pimples and are itchy, red, or pink in color. It is possible for irritation to result from climate change, insufficient moisture, or chemical exposure, but it is possible to soothe the affected area by applying aloe vera gel or oatmeal-based lotion.
- It is important to note that allergies are not limited to runny noses and sneezing. It is not uncommon for people who suffer from allergies to experience skin problems. A very itchy, large, red lump on the skin may indicate the presence of hives. They will appear in clusters and will be flat. A rash that is red and itchy is characteristic of dermatitis, which is also an allergic reaction. Over-the-counter allergy medications are available for the treatment of allergy symptoms.
- Pimple-like bumps on tattoos are more likely to be caused by infections. As a result of bacteria and germs being introduced into the skin and the bloodstream, they occur. There is a possibility that these bumps will swell and become pus-filled. Inflammation and redness may also be present on the skin surrounding them. Your infected tattoo will need to be treated by a physician.
When I develop pimples on my tattoo, should I consult a physician?
You may need to consult a dermatologist if the pimples on your tattoo do not resolve after treating them at home. Antibiotics may be required in the case of severe and widespread acne cysts. You should consult a physician as soon as possible if you experience any signs of an infection. The following are among them:
- Skin that has been tattooed produces pus.
- There is a raised, hard tissue area on the body.
- A combination of cold and heat waves.
- Once your tattoo artist has healed your skin completely, you may visit him or her again for a touch-up if you notice the ink is distorted due to picking the area.
In the event that you suspect that you are experiencing an allergic reaction, dermatologists recommend the following measures:
- If you are experiencing a serious reaction, you should seek medical attention immediately.
Symptoms of a serious reaction include: trouble breathing, racing heartbeat, tightness in the chest, dizziness or lightheadedness, stomachache, severe swelling, severe pain, flushing, or hives.
- The tattoo artist should be informed of the mild or moderate reaction, and asked if anything needs to be done. It is advisable to consult a board-certified dermatologist if the reaction persists for longer than one or two weeks.
- Symptoms of a mild or moderate reaction include: your inked skin changes, but you do not experience any other symptoms, such as trouble breathing or stomach discomfort.
An outbreak of skin disease occurs
It is possible for a tattoo to cause certain conditions, such as psoriasis or eczema, to develop on or around the tattoo.
There is a possibility that getting a tattoo will trigger certain conditions, such as psoriasis or eczema, to appear on or around the tattoo.
In the event that you carry the genes for psoriasis, getting a tattoo can cause a flare-up or the onset of psoriasis for the first time. There is also the possibility of other skin diseases developing within or around a tattoo.
Within 10 to 20 days following a tattoo, you are likely to notice signs of a skin condition. Ink can also cause the disease as early as three days after it has been applied. Sometimes, it shows up years later.
It is also possible for skin cancer to develop within a tattoo.
Symptoms of skin diseases: Around the tattoo, you may notice signs of the following conditions:
These conditions apply:
- Lichen planus
- Skin cancer
If you are prone to scarring or have ever experienced a keloid scar that grew larger than the wound causing it, you should reconsider getting a tattoo. A tattoo that is scarred can appear unsightly.
In the event that you have already developed a scar or signs of skin disease, you should make an appointment with a board-certified dermatologist. A dermatologist is capable of minimizing the


text:
What Our Clients Say
Breeding Bird Surveys
A Breeding Bird Survey is done by a Qualified Biologist to be in compliance with special provisions with many construction tenders and land clearing.
Why is it important to get a breeding bird survey done?
- Canada is the seasonal home to over 450 migratory bird species of which 390 are protected under the 1994 Migratory Birds Convention Act (MCBA) and the 2022 Migratory Bird Regulations (MBR).
- It is illegal to capture, kill, injure, or disturb migratory birds, their nests, or eggs if they are listed in the MBCA.
- Our Qualified Biologist understands the legal implications and has the expertise to ensure these birds are not disrupted to keep your development or jobsite within the law.
- An empty nest doesn't mean it is not in use.
Acquiring a nesting bird survey by a Qualified Biologist will ensure the proper protocol is followed, ensuring your project gets started quickly, and Canada's native migratory birds remain safe. At Green Bird Horticultural Ltd., our qualified biologists can perform time-sensitive, breeding bird surveys to help protect breeding birds for your project.


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The core curriculum delivers the basic knowledge required and ensures the fellow's competency in the six Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) key focus areas for performance.
- Patient Care
- Medical Knowledge
- Practice-Based Learning and Improvement
- Interpersonal and Communication Skills
- Systems Based Practice
The fellow sees patients at the SwedishAmerican Neuro and Headache Clinic four days per week. The clinic is located on the hospital campus making headache consultations in the inpatient and emergency department settings readily available. Procedures are performed in the clinic and in the radiology department. Didactic sessions are offered one day per week when additional work on research, quality improvement or academic study work also occurs. Elective time is available up to eight weeks per year. The fellow is expected to present at least one resident lecture per year and one Grand Rounds presentation per year. Additional presentations are encouraged.
- To graduate a fellow with the advanced knowledge and skillsets required to provide effective state of the art headache medicine care for patients in the ambulatory and inpatient settings.
- To impart an understanding of the epidemiologic and socioeconomic factors that affect patients with headache disorders.
- To foster basic quality improvement and research skills necessary for improving patient care and for making contributions to the field of headache medicine.
- To master the anatomy and pathophysiology of headache and related disorders.
- To accurately identify and classify primary and secondary headaches
- To gain proficiency in multiple modalities for the treatment of headache and facial pain including the use of prophylactic and therapeutic medications, behavioral and non-pharmacologic modalities, and physical techniques such as injections, physical therapy, and exercise.
- To gain proficiency in teaching headache medicine to medical students, residents, medical and support staff, and in counseling patients.
The ACGME has established Milestones for its ACGME fellowship programs to gauge the levels of competency achieved by the fellow throughout training. The framework for the competency assessment is built on the six ACGME core competencies; patient care, medical knowledge, practice-based learning and improvement, interpersonal and communication skills, professionalism, and systems-based practice. The measures of accomplishment and success will vary by the objectives used for each core competency.
While the fellow is expected to work hard while on duty, we value and encourage a healthy work/life balance. The fellow normally works from Monday to Friday. The fellow is encouraged to enjoy vacation time and many evenings and weekends enjoying the region and/or traveling.
Suggested Rotation Schedule
Each block rotation is one half day per week for 2-8 weeks in length.
- Concussion Care: 4-week rotation
- Neurology: Two 4-week rotations
- Ophthalmology: Two 2-week rotation
- Radiology: Two 2-week rotation
- ENT: Two 2-week rotation
- Audiology/Vestibular: Two 2-week rotation
- Physical Therapy: 2-week rotation
- Pain Management: 2-week rotation
- Neurosurgery: Two 4-week rotations, as cases present.
Weekly Longitudinal Experiences:
- Ambulatory Neuro/Headache Clinic: Six half days per week of ambulatory care for headache and facial pain patients based at the Neuro & Headache Center and inpatient headache consultations at SwedishAmerican Hospital and Emergency Department all part of UW Health.
- Family Medicine Clinic: One half day a week spent at the Miles Square L. P. Johnson Family Health Center seeing family medicine patients.
- Dedicated Scholarship, Research, and Didactic Time: Every Wednesday, both half days are allocated for weekly didactics, journal rounds, clinical and non-clinical teachings and time for research with hopeful submission for publication and more.
Education is done in a wide range of formal and informal settings. Expect to be an active participant and teacher!


What is Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)?
The total sales and marketing cost required to earn a new customer over a specific time period is known as Customer Acquisition Cost or CAC.
Customer Acquisition Costs (CAC) are the average recruitment costs that you pay for new customers. This KPI is mainly interesting because it shows you when exactly you recouped the costs of recruiting a customer. For example, bringing in a new customer can cost € 250. If you offer a service that costs € 50 per month, you will have recouped the cost after five months. You can calculate the CAC by adding together the costs of marketing and sales (including salaries) of a month. To calculate the average cost per new customer, divide the CAC by the number of new customers of the period: CAC = (Marketing & Sales costs + Salaries Marketing and Sales) / (Number of new customers) For example: you spent € 5,000 on advertisements and selling costs, and the salary costs were € 7,500 for the same month. When you have acquired 50 new customers, the CAC is: (€ 5,000 + € 7,500) / 50 = € 250 per customer.
Customer Acquisition Costs Statisticsy by Industry
Popupsmart is the most powerful and easy way to customer acquisition, you can create a popup for free and swiftly improve your CAC costs.


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A Myth Explaining Why Parrots Are Different Colours
A myth submitted to the site by Megan Coles
A long time ago in Greece every animal was colourful except for the parrot. The parrots were dull and boring. The parrots hated being like this because nobody liked them. The parrots were fed up with this and wished the other animals would be nice to them.
One day something amazing happened ………
It started to rain, the animal were fascinated by this as they had never seen a single drop of rain in their whole life. The sun was still shining and the air was still warm, the animals were very confused.
A couple of hours later an elephant saw the colours: Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. He trumpeted and every one looked at him. The elephant pointed his truck at the pretty colours in the sky. All the other animals were shocked. What were all the pretty colours in the sky?
The animals went over to the parrots to ask what all the pretty colours were in the sky as they were most intelligent of them all.
It was a rainbow of course.
A couple of minutes later there was a popping sound and colours were flying off in every direction. One spark landed on a parrot and the parrot turned red blue and yellow.
This started to happen on all the parrots. The only thing that was different about all the parrots was that they were all different colours.
That is why parrots are beautiful and colourful today.