First Landing Site Workshop for the 2020 Mars Rover Mission
Dear Colleagues:
You are invited to participate in the First Landing Site Workshop for the 2020 rover mission to Mars. The workshop will be held during the week of May 12-16, 2014, in the Washington, DC, area (exact dates and venue TBD).
An Overview of Workshop Objectives:
The purpose of the first 2020 Landing Site Workshop will be to: 1) begin to identify and evaluate potential landing sites best suited to achieving science objectives of the 2020 Rover Mission within the constraints imposed by engineering requirements, planetary protection requirements, and the necessity of ensuring a safe landing; and 2) provide input to NASA and the 2020 Project at JPL on the relative importance of including any enhanced EDL capabilities on the mission. The desired product of this workshop is: 1) a list of all known sites that meet the threshold criteria; 2) for those sites, an assessment of what landing capability is required (four choices: MSL-only, MSL + Range Trigger, MSL + Range Trigger + Terrain Relative Navigation, unknown or TBD); and 3) for each category of landing capability, a ranking of the sites using the qualifying geological criteria. At the end of this workshop we should have a good idea of a) how many sites exist in each category, b) how much "better" are the sites that require landing enhancements, and c) insight to where we need to invest additional energy in site characterization.
A NASA-appointed Landing Site Steering Committee will use the results of the first workshop as the basis for establishing a list of potential landing sites for study. Community consensus with respect to high priority sites will also be solicited. It is expected that candidate sites will be ranked (high, medium, low priority) based on presentations made at the workshop and that these rankings will be used to guide imaging priorities of the sites after the workshop. The goal will be to build up robust image data sets while orbital assets are still operating for as many high priority sites as possible, thereby enabling comprehensive discussion of relative science merits and safety at subsequent workshops.
Mission Science Objectives:
The Mars 2020 rover mission will explore the geology of a once habitable site, seek signs of past life, fill a returnable cache with the most compelling samples, and demonstrate technology for future human exploration of Mars. As described in the Mars 2020 Announcement of Opportunity (AO;{C49E4810-6DE9-9509-E896-EBC006101A9E}&path=open/) and Science Definition Team (SDT) report (Mustard et al., 2013; found at, these goals include deciphering the geological history of the landing site and determining whether past environmental conditions were favorable for microbial life and for preserving signs of life, had it existed. The search for signs of past life would combine: 1) use of the rover instruments on Mars for visual, mineralogical and chemical analysis down to a microscopic scale to identify candidate features that may have been formed by past life; with 2) collection and packaging of carefully selected samples for possible return to Earth by a future mission, thereby enabling a broad range of investigations and more definitive analysis by laboratories on Earth. The mission would also demonstrate technologies for advancing toward human missions to Mars.
The AO for 2020 investigations lists four objectives, with the first three considered the threshold objectives for the mission. Achieving the objectives requires both orbital and ground observations and the first three objectives have strong synergy, as they are linked by the need to decipher the geological processes and history of an "astrobiologically relevant ancient environment", a place once capable of either supporting life as we know it, or sustaining pre-biological processes leading to an origin of life.
A. Characterize the processes that formed and modified the geologic record within a field exploration area on Mars selected for evidence of an astrobiologically-relevant ancient environment and geologic diversity.
B. Perform the following astrobiologically-relevant investigations on the geologic materials at the landing site:
1. Determine the habitability of an ancient environment.
2. For ancient environments interpreted to have been habitable, search for materials with high biosignature preservation potential.
3. Search for potential evidence of past life using the observations regarding habitability and preservation as a guide.
C. Assemble a returnable cache of samples for possible future return to Earth.
1.Obtain samples that are scientifically selected, for which the field context is documented, that contain the most promising samples identified in Objective B and that represent the geologic diversity of the field site.
2. Ensure compliance with future needs in the areas of planetary protection and engineering so that the cache could be returned in the future if NASA chooses to do so.
D. Contribute to the preparation for human exploration of Mars by making significant progress towards filling at least one major Strategic Knowledge Gap (SKG). The highest priority SKG measurements that are synergistic with Mars 2020 science objectives and compatible with the mission concept are (in priority order):
1. Demonstration of In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) technologies to enable propellant and consumable oxygen production from the Martian atmosphere for future exploration missions.
2. Characterization of atmospheric dust size and morphology to understands its effects on the operation of surface systems and human health.
3. Surface weather measurements to validate global atmospheric models
Additional details for the Mars 2020 mission can be found at and The latter includes additional details on threshold geological and potential qualifying geological criteria, details on the engineering constraints, enhanced EDL capabilities, planetary protection guidelines and information required for potential landing sites. A summary of NASA's Mars exploration strategy is at and additional information can be viewed at Web tools for visualizing and analyzing relevant Mars data are available at, which also includes a web based GIS interface for relevant Mars data. Finally, a specific 2020 Mars Rover version of JMars has been developed that has areas that meet the engineering constraints, suitably sized ellipses for placing landing sites, and shows existing image data is available at along with tutorials.
Mission Engineering Constraints:
Because the ability to ensure a successful landing for the Mars 2020 mission is paramount, consideration of landing sites must include comprehensive assessment of limitations imposed by mission engineering constraints. Although these constraints continue to be established and refined, a description of preliminary values related to allowable locations, elevation, and surface properties can be found at and a summary follows.
The Mars 2020 rover will use the successful, as-applied Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) system to reach the surface of Mars. Hence, the constraints imposed by this EDL system on the MSL site selection effort are broadly similar to those for the 2020 mission (e.g., a 25 km by 20 km landing ellipse, access to latitudes between 300N and 300S, details on all constraints can be found at and in Grant et al., 2011 and Golombek et al., 2012). An important difference, however, relates to an allowable elevation for the landing site of +0.5 km (with respect to the MOLA geoid) due to the higher atmospheric density expected at the season the 2020 rover arrives at Mars.
The SDT report (see Mustard et al., 2013) also describes several possible enhanced EDL capabilities that could be included in 2020 and might grant access to somewhat smaller landing ellipses and/or ellipses characterized by increased topography relative to what was acceptable for the MSL EDL system (as flown). These capabilities include: Range Trigger and Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN). Proposers are urged to review these capabilities in Mustard et al. (2013), but Range Trigger could enable a smaller ellipse on order of 18 km by 14 km and TRN could enable some hazards up to ~300 m across to be avoided within the ellipse. Proposers should consider whether the addition of one or more would potentially enhance or enable consideration of their candidate site.
It is expected that all candidate sites for the 2020 mission will be vetted by the science community at a first workshop tentatively scheduled for the week of May 12-16, 2014, in the Washington, D.C. area. Proposed targets should be chosen that will help strengthen the science rationale of the sites as well as assist in evaluating the nature and distribution of potential hazards to landing that can inform the desire for any enhanced EDL capability.
All persons planning to participate in the workshop should review the science, engineering, and planetary protection constraints carefully, as only those landing sites that meet these constraints will be accepted for presentation at the workshop.
How to participate:
All members of the scientific community are encouraged to participate in this important activity. Persons wishing to make a presentation at the workshop are urged to carefully review the mission science objectives and engineering constraints at and
Most of the workshop will be devoted to submitted papers describing: (1) the overall types of sites for Mars 2020 based on associated scientific and programmatic rationale and suitability for safe landing and roving; and (2) individual landing sites on Mars and their scientific merit and safety. Talks advocating an individual site must summarize the science merits and demonstrate that the proposed location satisfies the mission science and engineering requirements. A clear statement of the rationale for continued consideration as a possible landing site should also be included. A program will be prepared from the submitted abstracts and will be posted along with logistical information in April, 2014.
Persons wishing to participate should submit the proposed title for their talk that includes the candidate site and a list of authors by March 31st 2014 to both


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Plant and birth place of Vaishnava saint Andal (woman)
'Basil'. Variety of plant in the mint family, native to warm regions. Its aromatic leaves have inherent healing qualities and are also often used as seasoning. Considered extremely holy and auspicious in Hinduism, so much so that most traditional Hindu homes reserve a special place for a shrub just outside their houses. Used as a fragrant offering to God. Wood of the plant is also used in the making of beads for rosaries and kanthis.
or TULSI SAHIB (_PHONE_)—Shama Rao Peshwa, the elder brother of Baji Rao Peshwa. Renouncing all worldly ambitions for spiritual enlightemnent, he settled at Hathras as Tulsi Sahib: author of Ghat Ramayana, the inner version of the great epic; passed his spiritual mantle on to Soami Ji Maharaj of Agra who greatly venerated his mentor from quite an early age when he came under his influence.
(a.k.a. Tulasi) the sweet basil plant, sacred to Hindus
The Tulsi (also known as Tulasi) plant or Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) is an important symbol in many Hindu religious traditions. The name "tulsi" means "the incomparable one". Tulsi is a venerated plant and devotees worship it in the morning and evening.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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After listening to a Sanyin Siang podast, "The Humanization of Leadership During the Pandemic," she increased my awareness on the importance of leaders investing some time into being "Leaders as Comforters." In this time of disruption, leaders are discovering the value of engagement and connection. Here's a few of the ideas Sanyin shared with her audience:
- Reach out and listen. Resist the urge to tell peple what to do and just listen, get to know your audience. Use the power of the pause.
- Consider a weekly video, share something from your home, talk about what inspires or energizes you, shout out to recognize someone,
- Consider a group text, share your humanity and turn your team into your tribe.
- Reach out to comfort at a time of loss or disappointment.
- Find out and listen to the music others like.
- Check out Beloit College Mindset list based on the year a person graduates or is born. You may find it easier to understand their perspective and the events that shaped their formative years.
Nothing grows in your comfort zone. Give it a try and watch the reaction.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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George Eastman is best known as the inventor of photographic film and founder of Eastman Kodak Co, but his century-old legacy of entrepreneurship now rides on the lesser-known Eastman Chemical Co.
That was hardly the case in 1994, when Eastman Kodak spun off its chemicals business to help pay down debt. At that time, Kodak was still a colossus in photography whereas Eastman Chemical was a small player very much in its parent's shadow.
But because of a sea change in digital technology and different approaches to business, Eastman Chemical's stock market value has since increased 71 percent to $5.5 billion today, while Kodak's has plummeted 99 percent to about $185 million.
Interviews with former executives, retirees and analysts describe two companies that were polar opposites in many ways, despite their shared heritage: where Eastman Chemical was swift to move into new markets, Kodak rested on its laurels for too long; where Chemical had a management team obsessed with the bottom line, Kodak retained cushy employee benefits even when the advent of digital cameras caused film demand to crater.
Speculation flared in September that Kodak was on the verge of bankruptcy, after the Rochester, New York-based company hired restructuring experts. Last month, Kodak warned that unless it could raise $500 million in new debt or sell some patents in its portfolio, it might not survive 2012.
"George Eastman's legacy will be Eastman Chemical and not Eastman Kodak," said Willy Shih, a Harvard Business School professor who ran Kodak's digital imaging business from 1997 until 2005. "I am absolutely convinced of that."
George Eastman, a high-school dropout from rural New York, founded Eastman Kodak Co in the late 1880s and built it into the world's biggest photographic film supplier and camera maker. He patented roll film when he was 30 and quickly became a wealthy man. In 1919, he gifted one-third of his Kodak stock -- worth roughly $10 million at the time -- to employees.
Eastman established a chemicals subsidiary in 1920 to supply acetic acid and other photographic chemicals to Kodak, a business that grew strongly in the next 50 years, gaining many customers beyond its sibling.
After Eastman Chemical was spun off, it continued to expand and innovate by staking out new niche chemical markets, such as fibers for cigarette filters and plastic free of bisphenol A, a potential carcinogen.
Kodak, on the other hand, invented the digital camera in 1975 when one of its engineers developed a prototype that was as big as a toaster and captured black and white images.
But it failed to capitalize on that innovation, and it was only when Kodak's film business began to decline a decade ago that it tried to catch up with rivals by launching mass-market digital cameras with the Easyshare line.
"We had something that was so good, but now it's deteriorated to the current state of affairs," said Bob Shanebrook, a former Kodak executive who ran the professional film business and retired in 2003. "We thought $40 per share was a ridiculously low stock price, but now it's below a dollar."
Kodak's five-year credit default swaps were quoted at distressed levels earlier this month, reflecting a 92 percent chance of default on its debt in the next five years.
The city of Rochester itself seems resigned to Kodak's fate. At one point, the company employed more than 60,000 people in the area -- now, that number is closer to 7,000.
A PATERNAL HISTORY
To be sure, Eastman Chemical has been fortunate to be in an industry that has changed little compared to the technology sector, which has forced other American icons including International Business Machines Corp and Corning Inc to reinvent themselves. The type of chemical products may change, but the science of producing them does not.
Nonetheless, people familiar with both companies give Eastman Chemical credit for a corporate culture change that has helped it eschew the Kodak legacy.
In March 2009, for example, Eastman Chemical asked all employees from the CEO down to take a 5 percent pay cut to prevent widespread layoffs. The tactic worked, layoffs were averted, and the prior pay levels were restored later that year.
"We needed to understand that we were not a family; we were a team," Brian Ferguson, who joined Eastman Chemical in 1977 and was chief executive from 2002 through 2009, said in an email. "We had difficulties dealing with these issues due to the paternal history of Kodak, which implied employment for life, benefits forever unchanging and general conflict avoidance."
Kodak, in contrast, was much more generous with its employee benefits. Even after the decline in its business forced massive layoffs -- it has 18,800 global workers today, down from 86,000 in 1998 -- the company offered lucrative severance packages.
"They could have just said, 'Thanks for coming, goodbye,'" said Shanebrook, the former Kodak executive. "Instead, they gave people at all levels separation packages based on how long they worked. They continue to provide medical coverage for retirees."
Kodak's U.S. pension plans, which cover 65,000 people, were underfunded by nearly $200 million at the end of 2010. The funds slipped into the red after a surplus of more than $2 billion as recently as 2008, according to filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
When asked for comment, Kodak spokesman Gerard Meuchner said in an-email that the company has cut its post-employment benefits by two-thirds since 2005 and lowered its severance benefits from two weeks per year of service to 1.5 weeks.
The differences in Kodak and Eastman Chemical's cultures are reflected in the management styles of their leaders. Eastman Chemical Chief Executive Jim Rogers, a former naval aviator and corporate treasurer, has a reputation for being pragmatic and low-key. Kodak CEO Antonio Perez is known for his charisma, but some of his spending decisions have raised eyebrows.
Perez's liberal use of corporate jets has become a popular topic among Kodak pensioners on Internet message boards. Perez, who is on the President's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness, flew with his wife in 2006 on a Kodak plane to a Super Bowl football game viewing party at the White House.
The plane was later destroyed when a hangar near Dulles International Airport collapsed after a snowstorm. Perez decided to lease another one.
In 2010, he racked up a $309,407 bill using Kodak's jet for personal travel, according to regulatory filings. Starting in 2011, the company said Perez would have to pay out of pocket if his personal travel bill eclipsed $100,000.
Rogers, by contrast, used Eastman Chemical's jet infrequently in 2010 for personal travel. The cost was so small -- less than $10,000 -- that Eastman Chemical said in filings it would not bother to report it.
Among the handful of Wall Street analysts who still follow Kodak, three advise selling the stock. By contrast, at least seven Wall Street analysts say the shares of Eastman Chemical are a good buy. StarMine, a Thomson Reuters data service that aggregates leading analysts' expectations, believes the stock's true value is nearly double current levels.
Earnest Deavenport, who was chief executive of Eastman Chemical when it first became independent, said the company would not have flourished if it had remained part of Kodak.
"The cash needs of the chemical group and the rest of Kodak were out of phase with each other," Davenport said. "Kodak did not see the global expansion of the chemical group's manufacturing base as strategic to the parent company."
As an independent company, Eastman Chemical had to learn to compete with Dow Chemical, BASF and other global chemical giants. It never grew complacent the way Kodak did with its near-monopoly of the photographic sector.
Kodak has been hamstrung by Asian competitors that have experience making cheaper electronics. In 2010, Kodak held about 7 percent of the digital camera market, in seventh place behind Canon, Sony Corp, Nikon and others, according to research firm IDC. Its position has slipped since 2007, when it was No. 4 in U.S. digital camera sales with a 9.6 percent share.
Kodak's spending on research and development fell 10 percent last year to $321 million. Eastman Chemical spent $152 million on research in 2010, up 23 percent from the previous year.
If Perez cannot find a way to revitalize Kodak, Rogers could soon find himself the only CEO of a company with "Eastman" in its name.
In 1932, sick and frail from a spinal disorder, George Eastman took his own life with a bullet to the heart, feeling that his legacy had been cemented by both the film and chemical businesses. He left a note, unaware that Kodak would one day fall on hard times.
"To my friends," Eastman wrote. "My work is done. Why wait?"


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A Performance Study of General-Purpose Applications on Graphics Processors Using CUDA
Source: University of Virginia
Graphics Processors Unit (GPUs) provide a vast number of simple, data-parallel, deeply multithreaded cores and high memory bandwidths. GPU architectures are becoming increasingly programmable, offering the potential for dramatic speedups for a variety of general purpose applications compared to contemporary general-purpose processors (CPUs). This paper uses NVIDIA's C-like CUDA language and an engineering sample of their recently introduced GTX 260 GPU to explore the effectiveness of GPUs for a variety of application types, and describes some specific coding idioms that improve their performance on the GPU. GPU performance is compared to both single-core and multicore CPU performance, with multicore CPU implementations written using OpenMP.


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Writing characters that feel realistic can be a challenge. In today's video I give tips on how to make your character seem realistic within the context of your novel. I also provide a list of personality traits and physical traits that are commonly seen as unrealistic by readers.
- When characters don't feel realistic, it's normally because they have an overabundance of positive traits.
- Characters don't have to seem realistic in the sense that they could exist in reality. They just need to seem realistic or possible within the world of your novel.
- Internal consistency is another way to make characters feel more realistic. When the character traits, flaw, and motivation all work together, they create a cohesive and realistic whole.
Traits Commonly Seen as Unrealistic
It's okay to use some of these unrealistic traits so long as they are serving a function in the novel and are not included purely for the purpose of making the character seem better or idealistic.
Using several of these character traits could cause readers to dislike your character and could be seen as a red flag to agents and editors that a writer is an amateur. Of course this depends on how the traits are executed within the novel.
Character traits to use sparingly:
- An unusual appearance
- An extremely attractive appearance
- High contrast between the hair and skin (such as white skin and black hair, or black skin and blond hair)
- Unusual or unnatural eye colors, especially purple eyes.
- A normal appearance that is unnaturally mesmerizing
- Extreme skills or unique skills in a wide variety of areas
- Skills that were not learned
- Uselessness (no skills) yet is treated as valuable by other characters in a group
- An idealistic lifestyle (dates models, drives fast cars, lives in a mansion)
Questions to Ask About Your Novel
1.Does you protagonist have any unrealistic traits?
It's important for the character to seem realistic within the context of your novel. So long as your character has traits that he or she could have realistically learned, acquired, or been born with, then it's okay to have a unique or unusual character. But it's a good idea to avoid giving your character purple eyes or supermodel girlfriends just because it's cool.
2. Does your protagonist have any traits that could be better justified?
If your main character is a whiz with computers, where did he or she learn that skill? It can be very helpful to provide backstory that explains where skills came from. It's okay for the character to be highly skilled just because a topic interests them, but make sure to plant those seeds in the reader's mind early on. A character who suddenly busts out karate moves during the climax is not going to feel realistic.
If you have any questions about writing a realistic character, please post it in the comments below.
Comment Question: Have you read any characters that seemed too unrealistic to believe? What about them made them so unrealistic?
Workshop #1 critiques will be posted later today and every day next week. If you didn't get a chance to submit last week, the submission form is still open!
Want to connect with other Novel Boot Camp Participants?
For more writing tips, follow or subscribe:


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Setting the position of the legend at a particular position.
set(hleg1, 'Position', [.1,.2,.1,.2]);
Use besselj to plot Bessel functions for orders 1, 2, and 3. Add a legend for the lines at the upper right, outside the axes.
x = 0:.2:12;
hleg = legend('First','Second','Third',...
% Make the text of the legend italic and color it brown
Create a bar graph and overlay a line plot on it by setting hold on. Create a legend that reflects both graphs and locate it to the lower right, outside the axes:
stream = RandStream('mrg32k3a','Seed',4);
y1 = rand(stream,10,5);
hb = bar(y1,'stacked');
hold on
y2 = rand(stream,10,1);
hp = plot(1:10,y2,...
hold off
legend([hb,hp],'Carrots','Peas','Peppers','Green Beans',...
Add a legend to a selected axes on a graph with the Insert Legend tool on the figure toolbar, or use Insert > Legend from the figure menu. Use the Property Editor to modify the position, font, and other properties of a legend.
Moving the Legend
Move the legend by pressing the left mouse button while the cursor is over the legend and dragging the legend to a new location. Double-clicking a label allows you to edit the label.
See Also
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This is the v1.23.0 version of the MicroPython documentation. The latest development version of this page may be more current.
collections – collection and container types
This module implements a subset of the corresponding CPython module, as described below. For more information, refer to the original CPython documentation: collections.
This module implements advanced collection and container types to hold/accumulate various objects.
Classes
class collections.deque(iterable, maxlen[, flags])
Deques (double-ended queues) are a list-like container that support O(1) appends and pops from either side of the deque. New deques are created using the following arguments:
 - iterable is an iterable used to populate the deque when it is created. It can be an empty tuple or list to create a deque that is initially empty.
 - maxlen must be specified and the deque will be bounded to this maximum length. Once the deque is full, any new items added will discard items from the opposite end.
 - The optional flags can be 1 to check for overflow when adding items.
Deque objects support bool, len, iteration and subscript load and store. They also have the following methods:
append(x)
Add x to the right side of the deque. Raises IndexError if overflow checking is enabled and there is no more room in the queue.
appendleft(x)
Add x to the left side of the deque. Raises IndexError if overflow checking is enabled and there is no more room in the queue.
pop()
Remove and return an item from the right side of the deque. Raises IndexError if no items are present.
popleft()
Remove and return an item from the left side of the deque. Raises IndexError if no items are present.
extend(iterable)
Extend the deque by appending all the items from iterable to the right of the deque. Raises IndexError if overflow checking is enabled and there is no more room in the deque.
collections.namedtuple(name, fields)
This is factory function to create a new namedtuple type with a specific name and set of fields. A namedtuple is a subclass of tuple which allows to access its fields not just by numeric index, but also with an attribute access syntax using symbolic field names. Fields is a sequence of strings specifying field names. For compatibility with CPython it can also be a a string with space-separated field named (but this is less efficient). Example of use:
from collections import namedtuple
MyTuple = namedtuple("MyTuple", ("id", "name"))
t1 = MyTuple(1, "foo")
t2 = MyTuple(2, "bar")
print(t1.name)
assert t2.name == t2[1]
class collections.OrderedDict(...)
dict type subclass which remembers and preserves the order of keys added. When ordered dict is iterated over, keys/items are returned in the order they were added:
from collections import OrderedDict
# To make benefit of ordered keys, OrderedDict should be initialized
# from sequence of (key, value) pairs.
d = OrderedDict([("z", 1), ("a", 2)])
# More items can be added as usual
d["w"] = 5
d["b"] = 3
for k, v in d.items():
 print(k, v)
Output:
z 1
a 2
w 5
b 3


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The measure of the angle of elevation from point A is θ.
In right triangle APQ,
tan θ =
θ = 33°41′.
Correct answer : (3)
The angle of elevation of the top of a hill from the foot of a tower is 62° and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the hill is 28°. If the tower is 40 ft high, then find the height of the hill.
Draw the diagram.
Let represent the height of the hill and let represent the distance between the hill and the tower.
In right triangle QPA,
tan 28° =
= = 75
In right triangle PAB, tan 62° =
= 75 tan 62° = 141
The height of the hill is 141 ft.
Correct answer : (1)
Tom and Sam are on either side of a tower of height meters.They measure the angle of elevation of the top of the tower as and respectively. Find the distance through which Tom and Sam are seperated. [Given = 160, = 50° and = 35°.]
Height of the pole is AB = = 160 meters, C and D are the positions of Tom and Sam as shown. [Draw the diagram for the given data.]
ACB = = 50° and ADB = = 35° [Write the angles of elevation of A from Tom, Sam.]
In the right triangle ADB, tan = tan 35° = [tan =.]
BD = » 228.571 meters [Substitute the value of tan 35° and find BD.]
In the right triangle ABC, tan = tan 50° = [tan =.]
BC = » 134.340 meters [Substitute the value of tan 50° and find BC.]
CD = CB + BD = 228.571 +134.340 » 363 m [Use CD = CB + BD to find CD.]
So, the distance between Tom and Sam is 363 m.
Correct answer : (4)
The angle of depression of the top of a tower of height meters from the top of another tower of height H meters is 25°. Find the horizontal distance between the two towers when = 93 and H = 125.
Height of the first tower is CD = = 93 meters, height of the second tower is AB = H = 125 meters as shown [Draw the diagram for the given data.]
Let the distance between the two towers, BC = ED = meters and the difference between the heights of the two towers, AE = meters
The angle of depression of D from A is = 25° [Write the angle of depression of D from A.]
ADE = = 25° [ ADE = as ADE, are alternate angles.]
In the right triangle ADE, tan ADE = tan 25° = = and hence = 0.46 [Substitute the value of tan 25° and find in terms of.]
= AE = AB - BE = 125 - 93 = 32 meters [From the figure AE = AB - BE =.]


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I joined Hilary Ziols, and Georgiana and Arthur Campbell for the Cannon River Watershed spring tour of land conservation efforts in the Cannon River Watershed on Saturday, April 2nd. We started at the Morristown Dam Park at 1 p.m., where we met Hugh Valiant, CRWP Board member and DNR Fisheries Area Manager. He lead the tour of shoreline protection projects in the Upper Cannon River Watershed. We saw Horseshoe Lake Aquatic Management Area, glimpsed examples of development pressures, and traveled to Caron Lake where a new acquisition promises to protect aquatic habitat forever.
We were joined by members of several sportsman groups, Deer hunters, Darkhouse spearfisherman, and waterfowl enthusiasts who presented Hugh with a check for his land acquisition projects. It was a beautiful day. Hilary distributed maps of the area we would visit, and Hugh talked about the plan.
At Horseshoe Lake we got a sense of what would be possible with shoreline protection and Hugh explained some of the aquatic and wildlife inhabitants that are given protection in this effort.
The sportsman wondered how deep the lake was and whether or not it was subject to much winterkill. Hugh explained it has been a problem in the past for this lake even though it does have a 23â€™ depth, however this winter was very mild and Winter kill was not a problem. Hugh also mentioned that if the carp could be controlled, it would be good for other species as well as the lake itself.
Farmer, Mike _______ at the Caron Lake site showed us a Native American ax head he found on his property
before we made the long trek to the shoreline. He explained that Native artifacts are very common in the immediate area. As we approached the lake, we startled geese and gulls that were basking on the sandy beach, and they continued to scold us from across the lake for disturbing them.
Hilary broke out some bottled water, cheese, sausage and crackers and the group continued to talk about the wildlife and the beauty of the Southern Rice County wilderness that Hugh predicts will all be lost unless we make great effort to preserve it.
If you have questions about future tours or other CRWP events, contact Hilary at the CRWP office:
Outreach and Development Coordinator
Cannon River Watershed Partnership
8997 Eaves Ave.
Northfield, MN 55057

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Main Article Content
This present study aims to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal and haemoparasites infection of beef cattle in Chawang district, Nakhon si thammarat province, Thailand and also to study risk factors related to parasitic infection. Fifty-five stool and blood samples were collected from 168 beef cattle during July-August 2019. Gastrointestinal and haemoparasites were identified under light microscope and the prevalence was calculated. Results revealed that the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections was 82.28% and the most common gastrointestinal parasite infections were strongyles (58.18%), following by rumen fluke (52.73%) and Buxtonella sulcata (16.36%) respectively. Moreover, the group of cattle with lower than 3 years old were more susceptible infected by internal parasites than other aged groups (94.44%) and mainly shown a single type of parasite infection (83.33%). The prevalence of haemoparasitic infections was 5.45% and the common haemoparasites infections were Anaplasma marginale and microfilaria. This study indicated that beef cattle in the study area were high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites infection but low infection rate of haemoparasites that might due to poor herd health management. Therefore, farmers should be educated about proper anthelmintic to reduce economic loss due to parasite infections.
The content and information in the article published in Journal of Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya It is the opinion and responsibility of the author of the article. The editorial journals do not need to agree. Or share any responsibility.
Chaisalee, P. and Worasing, R. 2011. Gastrointestinal and Blood Parasites in Cattle in Pakpanang river basin during 2006-2008. Available Source: _URL_ April 10, 2020. (in Thai)
Chomphuchan, T., Prasitrat, M. and Ekthat, M. 1996. Dairy cattle Health Handbook. National Institute of Animal Health Department of Livestock Development, Funny Publishing, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Craig, T.M. 1988. Impact of internal parasites on beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 66(6): _PHONE_.
Department of Livestock. 2019. Statistic data of beef cattle farmers by province in 2019. Available Source: _URL_ April 11, 2020. (in Thai)
Jullkaisucharit, J. 2008. Parasitic diseases in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle in Ratchaburi province. Available Source: _URL_ April 1, 2020. (in Thai)
Kaewthamasorn, M. and Wongsamee, S. 2006. A preliminary survey of gastrointestinal and haemoparasites of beef cattle in the tropical livestock farming system in Nan Province, northern Thailand. Parasitology Research 99(3): 306-308.
Kamani, J., Sannusi, A., Egwu, O.K., Dogo, G.I., Tanko, T.J., Kemza, S., Tafarki, A.E. and Gbise, D.S. 2010. Prevalence and significance of haemoparasitic infections of cattle in North-Central, Nigeria. Veterinary World 3(10): 445-448.
Lloyd, J., Boray, J.C. and Love, S. 2000. Stomach fluke (paramphistomes) in ruminants. NSW Agriculture. Available Source: _URL_ April 12, 2020.
Rahman, A.K.M.A., Begum, N., Nooruddin, M., Rahman, M.S., Hossain, M.A. and Song, H.J. 2009. Prevalence and risk factors of helminth infections in cattle of Bangladesh. Korean Journal of Veterinary Service 32(3): 265-273.
Rohaya, M.A., Thabitah, A.T.T., Kasmah, S., Azzura, L., Chandrawathani, P. and Bahari, A.R.S. 2017. Common blood parasites diagnosed in ruminants from 2011 to 2015 at the central veterinary laboratory, Sepang, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Veterinary Research 8(1): 163-167.
Sakwiwatkul, K., Chaikong, C., Thamwan, C., Wattanakham, P., Kessimlee, R. and Kuphukhiaw, W. 2017. Prevalence and risk factor of infection internal parasites found in cattle from slaughterhouse in Mahasarakham province, Thailand. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal 45(Suppl. 1): 765-771. (in Thai)
Sangwaranon, A. 1998. Capillary haematocrit examination methods. Parasitology, Veterinary Clinic. Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Sardar, S.A., Ehsan, M.A., Anower, A.K.M.M., Rahman, M.M. and Islam, M.A. 2006. Incidence of liver flukes and gastro-intestinal parasites in cattle. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 4(1): 39-42.
Slocombe, J.O. 1973. Gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Ontario. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 14(4): 91.
Trouvé, S., Degen, L., Meunier, C., Tirard, C., Hurtrez-Boussès, S., Durand, P., Guégan, J.F., Goudet, J. and Renaud, F. 2000.
Microsatellites in the hermaphroditic snail, Lymnaea truncatula, intermediate host of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Molecular Ecology 9(10): _PHONE_.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2020. Chawang District. Available Source: _URL_ Chawang_District, May 19, 2020.
Worasing, R. and Rattana, S. 2010. Bovine Gastrointestinal and Blood Parasites Examination in Pakpanang River Basin in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Available Source: _URL_ , April 10, 2020. (in Thai)


text:
The OR operator tells Google to search for either keyword in your query. In other words, only one of the keywords must be present in your search results. OR must be typed in uppercase letters or Google will ignore it.
Here are some ways to use the OR operator in genealogy searching:
- Use OR to search for multiple spellings of a name. There are many surnames in my family tree that I have seen spelled differently from document to document. Instead of doing a search for one surname spelling followed by another search for the second spelling, you can use the OR operator to search for both spellings in just one query. Your search results will list web pages that have either spelling.
- Use OR to search for words that have the same meaning.
obit OR obituary OR "death notice"
- Use OR to search for a location and its abbreviation. Some web pages will list one or the other but not both. You can also use the OR to look for webpages that may contain the old-fashioned abbreviation that data transcriptions from years ago may have used.
- Use OR in combination with quotes to search for the various ways a name may appear on a webpage.
sara OR sarah
meyers OR myers
reed OR reid
DE OR Delaware
DE OR Delaware OR Del
"Patrick Powers" OR "Powers, Patrick" OR "Patrick J. Powers"
You can also use the ¦ symbol in place of the word OR. On my computer keyboard, the ¦ symbol is on the key above the "enter" key (using the shift key). Using the ¦ will give the exact same search results as using the OR. Some people may prefer to use it because it is only one keystroke. NOTE: On some computers the symbol ¦ may appear to be a solid bar; on other computers, the symbol ¦ may have a space in the middle of the bar.
sara ¦ sarah
meyers ¦ myers
DE ¦ Delaware
reid ¦ reed
obit ¦ obituary ¦ "death notice"
For step by step instructions for building a Google genealogy query, go to Learn to Build a Genealogy Query


text:
The World Preservation of Transportation has donated to the Red Cross and we encourage all car and transportation enthusiasts to do the same for the folks in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. All of our cars are safe and we will resume the museum at a later date when the facility is safe and sound.
Automobiles have inspired us and changed the course of history over the past century. Classic luxury
models in particular emerged as paragons of extraordinary style and excellence. These cars continue to
inspire and provoke spectators, and act as important historical landmarks in the ongoing, evolving
automobile industry. Luxury, museum-quality autos act as nostalgic placeholders while educating the
public about the important impact the automobile has had on our way of life.


text:
Christopher Peacocke is Professor of Philosophy at Columbia University. Click here to listen to our conversation with him.
In this episode, Christopher Peacocke discusses what it is to hear an emotion in a piece of music. Even instrumental music seems to be emotionally charged–minor chords, for example, usually have a melancholy ring to them. But it isn't entirely clear why this should be. What it is about certain combinations of notes that makes them feel a certain way?
Christopher Peacocke argues that hearing an emotion in a piece of music can be likened to what happens when we think metaphorically. A tree in a painting might strike the viewer as having subtly humanoid features, for example. In this case, the viewer is seeing the depicted tree metaphorically as a person. Similarly, when we hear sadness in a piece of music, we are hearing the music metaphorically as a vocal expression of sadness.
Our guest concludes by noting how this theory of musical emotion can be used to explain the difference between romantic, classical, impressionist, and expressionist music.


text:
full title · Ender's Game
author · Orson Scott Card
type of work · Novel
genre · Science fiction
language · English
time and place written · Begun in 1975 in Salt Lake City, Utah, the story was published in 1977 as a short story and completed in novel form in 1985.
date of first publication · 1977 (as a short story); 1985 (as a book)
publisher · Tom Doherty
narrator · Omniscient narrator
climax · The climax of the novel occurs when Ender fights what he thinks is his final test in Command School but what is actually the last battle of the Third Invasion.
protagonist · Ender Wiggin
antagonist · Mostly Peter Wiggin, but also the adults in the book
setting (time) · The future
setting (place) · The book starts on earth, and quickly moves into space, although earth plays a prominent role until the end.
point of view · Most of the book is presented from Ender's point of view, although we are occasionally allowed inside the head of a few other characters.
falling action · Ender finds the landscape that the buggers created for him and follows it to the message they left him—the last remaining bugger queen, still a mere pupa.
tense · Immediate past
foreshadowing · Each chapter starts with a conversation between two adults, usually members of the I.F. high command, and their discussion foreshadows the events of the chapter.
tone · The tone is increasingly urgent as the book progresses.
symbols · Ender as good; Peter as evil
themes · Games; the role of children; compassion; ruthlessness
motifs · Friend/enemy; humanity
Readers' Notes allow users to add their own analysis and insights to our SparkNotes—and to discuss those ideas with one another. Have a novel take or think we left something out? Add a Readers' Note!


text:
Notes help you document important Bill information. Create new ones with the Add Note function in Bill History.
Step 1. From the Bill Page, click 'Bill History'
Step 2. Click 'Add Note'
The number in parentheses on the Bill History tab indicates the number of Notes for the bill.
Step 3. Type your note, then click 'Add'
Step 4. To edit a note, click the 'Pencil' icon
Clicking the Speech Bubble icon reveals the full note.
Notes can only be edited within one hour of their creation. The 'Pencil' icon won't appear after that time.
Got it? Good!


text:
A Box Compression Tester is a crucial testing machine used in the paper and packaging industry to measure the compression strength of corrugated boxes, cartons, and other packaging materials. It determines the maximum force a packaging box can withstand before it gets damaged, ensuring that the package remains intact during transportation or warehousing.
Testing the crushing strength of boxes is essential to prevent damage to the products inside and avoid customer dissatisfaction. Additionally, Box Compression Tester packaging professionals use Box Compression Testers to check the proper filling of boxes, ensuring that there is no excess space or excessive weight on one side.
The importance of Box Compression Testers in the packaging industry cannot be overstated. By accurately measuring the compressive force a packing box can handle under practical stacking conditions, these testing machines help manufacturers ensure the quality of their packaging. This testing process guarantees that products reach their destination in perfect condition, minimizing waste of time, money, and effort invested in product construction.
Box Compression Testers not only assess the compression-resistance strength of packaging materials but also evaluate other factors such as product compatibility, maximum pressure strength, proper packing, product stability and consistency, and box fill capacity.
These testing machines enable packaging industries to create practical testing conditions in the laboratory, ensuring accurate assessment of box quality. For more information about Box Compression Testers, you can consult experts at Pacorr Testing Instruments by calling +91-_PHONE_ or emailing [email protected]. They can assist you in selecting the right testing device for your laboratory to test the quality of your packaging materials.
Top of Form


text:
Human Space Exploration: Why Do Japanese Go to Space?
In 2012, Japan celebrated the 20th anniversary of the first spaceflight by a Japanese astronaut, Mamoru Mohri. The previous year, 2011, was the 50th anniversary of the first human spaceflight, by the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.
JAXA held two meetings in Japan to celebrate these events, "The First International Space Exploration Symposium – Space Exploration for Humanity and the Future" and "The JAXA Astronauts 20th Anniversary Symposium – Japanese Astronauts Discuss 20 Years of Progress and Future Prospects."
At these symposiums, lively panel discussions were held on the topic of human space exploration. Here are the highlights.


text:
Jump Rope For Heart
We're Working To Make Kids Healthier
Jump Rope For Heart is a national education and fundraising event sponsored by the American Heart Association and the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. This event engages elementary school students with jumping rope while empowering them to improve their health and help other kids with heart health issues. This program is a great way to satisfy physical education standards as determined by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education and the American Association for Health Education.
Jump Rope For Heart Helps Students Grow
- Kids learn the value of community service and become empowered to contribute to their community's welfare.
- Children join together in helping other kids with special hearts.
- Students learn how to develop heart-healthy habits while being physically active.
- Participants learn jump rope skills they can use for the rest of their lives.
With your support, we can help protect and improve children's health. Educating our students and raising funds for research and outreach are vital to improving kids' lives!
Lindo Park School is proud to partner with the American Heart Association to help kids with special hearts! Our students will jump rope for 15 minutes on: February 8, 2013!


text:
hol kept his interest in religion very private and it only became more widely recognised after he died.
- Does knowing he was religious change our understanding of him as an artist? In what way?
- Why might he have felt the need to keep this part of his life so hidden?
Text has been used by many artists to convey powerful messages, including religious ones like Andy Warhol's.
Find a statement that means something personal to you and think of how you could turn it into a work of art. This might be by using a certain type of text, adopting a bold graphic or hand-drawn font style, or experimenting with different media to creaye your text piece.
Explore text-based artworks from Tate's collection in the slideshow above to get some inspiration.


text: Conventional vector current control scheme has been widely used in grid-connected inverter systems. However, it suffers from severe power limitation issues under weak grids. This article reveals that the coupling effect between the power delivery and the voltage at the point of common coupling causes the static power limit, which only depends on physical parameters of the system. When the stability of the control scheme is considered, negative resistance characteristics of the phase-locked loop (PLL) mainly result in the small-signal stability limit, which is called the dynamic power limit in this article. Because the small-signal stability limit can be improved by using different control methods, it attracts lots of research attention. In this article, a simplified d–q small signal impedance model is introduced to show the destabilizing factors. Then, an initial small-signal impedance reshaping method is proposed to counteract the major destabilizing factor caused by the PLL. Based on the initial impedance reshaping method, an improved control scheme is proposed. Through exhaustive mathematical analysis, it is proved that the dynamic power limit can be extended almost to the static power limit by using this proposed method. Finally, simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Build a real-time chat app with Node-RED in 5 minutes
08 August 2014
PDF (752 KB)
Sign up for IBM Bluemix
This cloud platform is stocked with free services, runtimes, and infrastructure to help you quickly build and deploy your next mobile or web application.
Node-RED is a new open-source tool created by the IBM Emerging Technology team that lets you build applications by simply wiring pieces together. These pieces can be hardware devices, web APIs, or online services.
We'll show you how to build a real-time chat application on Node-RED using Bluemix in just a few minutes.
On IBM Bluemix it's easy to create a new Node-RED runtime. With just a few clicks you have a working environment, ready for you to create your new application. In this article, we'll show you how to build—in just a few minutes—a real-time chat application on Node-RED using Bluemix.
What you'll need
 - A Bluemix account
 - Basic knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. We provide all the necessary code, but a basic understanding of these technologies will help you understand the details.
Step 1. Create your Node-RED application
 1. Log in to your Bluemix account and create a new Node-RED boilerplate.
 Click to see larger image
 2. Give your application a name and click CREATE.Give your Node-RED app a name
 Click to see larger image
 3. On the Bluemix dashboard, navigate to the URL provided for your newly created application to launch Node-RED's main page.Node-RED URL on Bluemix
 4. Now click Go to your Node-RED flow editor to open the flow editor.Node-RED's main page
 Click to see larger image
 5. You should see a blank sheet where you can start building your app. When using Node-RED we build our apps using this graphical editor interface to wire together the blocks we need. We can simply drag and drop the blocks from the left menu into the workspace in the centre of the screen and connect them to create a new flow.New empty sheet on Node-RED
 Click to see larger image
Step 2. Import the code
Every Node-RED application can be imported and exported using the JSON format. So let's import our chat app into the new sheet.
 1. Access the project repository on IBM DevOps Services and open the nodechat.json file.
 2. Copy the entire file's content, then go back to Node-RED in your browser.
 3. Click on the menu button in the top right corner and select Import from… > Clipboard…
 Import menu on Node-RED
 4. Paste the file's content that you copied from the repository and click Ok.Area to paste code to be imported
 5. Click somewhere on the blank sheet to add the nodes that were imported.
 Importing an app in Node-RED
 Click to see larger image
We will explain what each piece does later on this article, but now it's time to deploy and run your application.
Step 3. Deploy and run application
 1. Click the red Deploy button next to the menu button to make your application live.
 Deploy button on Node-RED
 2. You should see a success message appear on the top, and the blue dots on the nodes will disappear. These dots indicate when a node has been changed but not yet deployed.
 Success message
 3. Now open a new tab on your browser and go to http://[app name], changing [app name] to the name you gave your application.
 Running our chat app
 Click to see larger image
 4. You now have your chat application running. Enter a username in the field on the left, write a message on the box on the right, and press Send.
 Sending a message using our chat
 Click to see larger image
 5. Open the chat in a second window or send the link to some friends and have fun. You should receive the messages instantaneously.
 Real-time conversation with multiple users
 Click to see larger image
Step 4. Explaining the code (optional)
In this section, we explain the code behind our application in more detail. You can skip this section, but we recommend you read through it to better understand how the app is built and to learn more about how Node-RED works.
 1. In the first section, we have three nodes:
 - WebSocket in
 - Function
 - WebSocket out
 First flow of the application
 These are the blocks responsible for creating the communication channel and processing the messages in real-time using the WebSocket protocol. The Function block is very simple. It only removes the value for _session from the msg object so that the message is broadcast to all clients connected to the WebSocket.
 Code to broadcast message
 2. The second flow is responsible for the client-side code. It has an HTTP in node, a Template to render an HTML page, and an HTTP out node for response. Second flow in thr application
 The HTTP in node ([get] /chat) creates an endpoint to receive GET requests and forwards those requests to the Template. The HTTP out node creates the proper response to be sent back to the user after the template has been rendered.
 3. The template can be broken into three parts: page structure, message handling, and visual.
 4. The page structure is a simple HTML page that contains a div that will receive all the chat messages, and a footer that holds the fields for sending messages. HTML structure of the app
 5. Message handling is done using JavaScript. First, we open a connection to the WebSocket endpoint we created using Node-RED.
 Openning a WebSocket connection
 Next, we register event handlers for the ws object to handle events such as opening and closing connections with the server and receiving new messages.
 Registering event handlers
 6. When the user sends a message we create an object with the username and the message, which is sent to the server using the send method in our ws object. Code to send a new message
 7. The visual part is done with some simple CSS rules that are not covered in this article.
Node-RED simplifies code development by providing us with a set of nodes ready to be wired together and used. As shown in this article, it takes very little work to have a server set up on Bluemix to use in your projects. You can enhance this simple chat application even more by adding new nodes and creating new flows to connect to the existing ones.
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Zone=Cloud computing
ArticleTitle=Build a real-time chat app with Node-RED in 5 minutes


text:
VB.Net provides several mechanisms for gathering input in a program. A Windows Forms ListBox control displays a list of choices which the user can select from.
You can use the Add or Insert method to add items to a list box. The Add method adds new items at the end of an unsorted list box. The Insert method allows you to specify where to insert the item you are adding.
The SelectionMode property determines how many items in the list can be selected at a time. A ListBox control can provide single or multiple selections using the SelectionMode property.
If you want to retrieve a single selected item to a variable, you can code like this
Dim var As String var = ListBox1.SelectedItem
If you change the selection mode property to multiple select, then you will retrieve a collection of items from ListBox1.SelectedItems property.
ListBox1.SelectionMode = SelectionMode.MultiSimple
The following VB.Net program initially fill seven days in a week while in the form load event and set the selection mode property to MultiSimple. At the Button click event it will display the selected items.
- Visual Studio IDE
- How to Create a vb.net Windows Forms Application
- Label Control
- Button Control
- TextBox Control
- ComboBox Control
- Checked ListBox Control
- RadioButton Control
- CheckBox Control
- PictureBox Control
- ProgressBar Control
- ScrollBars Control
- DateTimePicker Control
- Treeview Control
- ListView Control
- Menu Control
- MDI Form
- Color Dialog Box
- Font Dialog Box
- OpenFile Dialog Box
- Print Dialog Box
- KeyPress event in VB.NET
- How to create Dynamic Controls in VB.NET?
- How do i keep a form on top of others
- Timer Control - VB.Net


text:
NATIONAL INCOME, GROSS PRODUCT, AND EXPENDITURE AGGREGATES
Two basic national aggregates have been used so far in centrally Planned economies: national income and gross social product. Both are basically different from national income and gross national product under the definition generally accepted in the West.1
National income and social product, as presently defined in Eastern Europe, refer only to the sphere of material production or the "productive" sphere. This does not mean that they exclude all services. They include services connected with the production and distribution of material products, such as trade (wholesale, retail, and foreign), transportation of goods, legal services, etc. In the Czechoslovak framework, the branches of material production are industry (mining, manufacturing, electricity, and gas); construction; agriculture; forestry; transportation (in principle, freight transport only); communications and servicing production; state supplies of materials and state procurement of agricultural produce; trade and public catering.
Explicitly excluded from the official Czechoslovak computations of national income are the following branches of the "nonmaterial" or "nonproductive" sphere: passenger transportation; communications (the part servicing the population); science and research (but probably not industrial research); communal services (such as barbers, cleaners, etc.);____________________
Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. _URL_
Publication information: Book title: Central Planning in Czechoslovakia:Organization for Growth in a Mature Economy. Contributors: Jan M. Michal - Author. Publisher: Stanford University Press. Place of publication: Stanford, CA. Publication year: 1960. Page number: 211.
This material is protected by copyright and, with the exception of fair use, may not be further copied, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means.


text:
Pollinator garden blossoms at LCCC
Thanks to Lehigh Carbon Community College's STEM club, students now have a 9,000-square-foot pollinator garden that can be used for lab work and ongoing experiments.
The project – which involved researching, purchasing and planting native species – started as a proposal for only about 250 to 500 square feet of garden space. But the project expanded into a garden of 9,000 square feet, with the potential to grow even more.
"It involved students every step of the way – planning, implementation, maintenance. It can be part of classes – it can be implemented across the curriculum," says John Loughman, an associate professor who teaches environmental science.
Securing the funding
The project originated with LCCC's STEM club, whose members were looking for a project that would engage the community and help the local environment.
"We were thinking that we should be able to do something to help (the environment). The STEM club didn't have that many projects, so we thought about small gardens," says STEM club member Alexandra Gallagher, who graduated from LCCC in May 2017 and is transferring to East Stroudsburg University to study environmental science and biology.
In fall 2016, the club brought the project to the attention of LCCC's newly formed Sustainability Committee, which is focused on making the campus more environmentally friendly. The original proposal was to do small, boxed gardens around some of the trees on campus, but the effort expanded into planting two 4,500-square-foot sections of the college's tiered Parking Lot A.
"To show that it can be sustained beyond the original project, it needed a committee to oversee it. But it involved students at every step," says John Hefner, an associate professor at LCCC and a Sustainability Committee member.
Thanks to the Sustainability Committee's backing, the STEM club was able to secure funding for the garden project.
"The minute we found out the proposal was accepted, all these students said, 'We want to help.' There was so much interest just through word of mouth and Facebook," Gallagher said.
Choosing the right plants
With the funding in hand, the STEM club students set to work planning the garden – and determining what to plant in it.
"We wanted not only plants that would do well in this area, but also with each other," Gallagher said.
The students worked with Edge of the Woods nursery in Orefield, along with Loughman and Hefner, to determine the best plants for the garden.
"If we plant a bush that supports one insect, it might look great, but it doesn't help the birds. But if we plant something that supports lots of types of insects, that supports the birds because that's what they feed their young," says Loughman, who is also a member of the college's Sustainability Committee.
The team ultimately purchased more than 2,000 small plants for the garden and also planted thousands of seeds, some donated from LCCC staff and faculty's personal gardens.
The planting took place over a four-day period in late April. The first day was an educational presentation and planning session, followed by three days devoted to planting. Volunteers from across the campus community – students, faculty and staff – joined in the effort.
"We're excited to be a part of this project. We'll be able to watch the garden grow and mature and be proud that we were involved in this," says Stacey Betz, director of student accounts.
Even with all the plants and seeds, the students only spent about half of their budget, so the group has plans to do a second planting during the fall semester. By then, the environmental science students will have the pollinator garden as part of their curriculum.
"In essence, we can start from a blank slate and track how plants move, what becomes the dominant species, etc." Hefner says. "The garden can be a part of students' ongoing lab work for years."


defense in depth: (DOD, NATO) The siting of mutually supporting defense positions designed to absorb and progressively weaken attack, prevent initial observations of the whole position by the enemy, and to allow the commander to maneuver his reserve.
--- from the DOD Dictionary of Military Terms
Defense in depth design principles
Defense in depth is a fundamental design principle for security and defensive systems. It is a key strategy when planning the overall defensive design of a castle, computer network, city, force positioning, or computer system. In some ways, it is the application of design margin to security. By making security not have a single point of failure, weaknesses in design, implementations, algorithms, or protocols are not fatal by themselves.
There are a number of aspects to defense in depth:
 - Layering for redundancy: Defenses should be composed from multiple independent layers. If any one layer should fail, the other layers remain to protect the critical assets. It is important the redundancy of layers is real and that there aren't some attack tree paths that are substantially weaker than others. The overall security of the system is only as strong as its weakest link, so it's important that layers are composed on all paths.
 - Visibility into failures: It is important to have visibility into the integrity of every layer. It should ideally not be possible for any one layer to be compromised or otherwise fail without this being detected. This gives the defender early detection of attacks, along with the corresponding ability to respond, reposition defenses, or counter-attack. It also allows the defender to estimate the degree of compromise, providing the ability for measured response.
 - Limit externally-visible exposure: By layering defenses, attackers may only have information about the layers that are exposed to them, either initially or through the compromise of outer layers. This severely limits their ability to plan ahead, making their attack both slower and more likely to be noticed. It's worth taking this as an added benefit, however, for there's a serious risk in relying on security through obscurity and underestimating the amount of information available to an attacker. To avoid detection, an attacker must therefore be perfect while simultaneously being ignorant of what is ahead.
 - Containment of failures: By compartmentalizing defenses, compromises can be limited to portions of a system. Incident response can then be a measured response that targets the compromised areas rather than having to treat everything as potentially compromised (although it is worth erring on the side of assuming that things have been compromised unless you know for certain that they haven't been).
The principle of defense in depth makes sense to apply to both a full system and to individual subsystems. In this way, it can be composed fractally where layered defenses are apparent at all scales.
In constructing defensive layers, different types of layers may be used to serve different purposes. With many of these layers, degree of defense does not simply compose arithmetically or geometrically. Some different purposes for layers include:
 - Primary defense: These layers comprise the key to the defense of any subsystem and when taken together defend against all attacks against the subsystem. Every subsystem must have one or more of these layers. In many cases, this layer is simply vigilance in design and implementation.
 - Attack/intrusion detection: These layers are often transparent or invisible to attackers, but provide defenders with information about attackers, the nature of attacks, and their degree of success at compromise.
 - Focused defense: These layers, designed to be used in conjunction with more general-purpose defenses, defend against particular attacks. These can be used to strengthen the weaker parts of primary defenses and to add additional protection against common attacks.
 - Raising the bar: These layers do not necessarily stand alone or provide any real protection but instead make attacks harder and decrease the number of potential attackers who have the skills and resources to mount a successful attack. Security through obscurity may not be effective as a primary defense, but it can help raise the bar.
Examples in physical defensive strategies
Defense in depth has been employed for thousands of years in the design of fortifications. Castles are one of the better demonstrations of the effectiveness of this design principle. Medieval castles had multiple layers of defense, going from the hill or position in which they were built, to far outer walls, to a moat, to the primary outer walls (bailey), to inner walls, to an inner keep/tower, to defenses within the tower. The outermost defenses would slow down attackers and reduce the element of surprise while the defenders could fall back to inner positions as outer layers were compromised.
Examples in networks and computer systems
When applied to computer networks, systems, and individual hosts, defense in depth involves placing redundant protections at many levels. On the perimeter, a corporate network may have a firewall and an IDS (intrusion detection system). Internally, the network may be compartmentalized such that servers and user machines for different organizations are firewalled from each other. Critical assets (such as authentication servers) may even have additional protections in front of them.
In addition to layered perimeter defenses, individual machines and communication channels should have their own protections.
Machines should be protected themselves (for example, only running services that need to be running, have security patches applied promptly, etc.) Machines should avoid transitive trust and principle of least privilege should be obeyed. Machines should have host-based intrusion detection systems (such as virus checkers).
Even if network layer channels between machines are encrypted through something like IPsec, end-to-end security (encryption, authentication, and authorization) should still be performed at or close to the application layer.
Software components running on machines can also be designed for defense in depth. In addition to paranoid design and implementation (for example, in avoiding buffer overruns), components should validate their inputs and not implicitly trust even other components running on the same machine. When possible, components should only have the capabilities that they need and should be running in restricted environments.
A common mistake of Information Systems executives is assuming that a firewall will solve all of their company's network security problems. However, firewalls should only be a component to a coherent defensive strategy. By themselves, they are only an outer wall that provides protection to attackers from the outside. Not only do the reported majority of corporate computer security incidents come from the inside *, but firewalls are insufficient by themselves at protecting companies from attacks from the outside. A great example of the dangers in relying on firewalls was provided by the Code Red Worm which infected employee laptops at home and was then carried inside of corporate firewalls where it proceeded to infect internal systems.
As the infantry charged across the plain, a small flag began waving from atop the cliff to their left. "Shit" exclaimed the exec, pointing it out to the captain. "They know we're coming."
With that, the rumble of heavy artillery began from the far side of the hill across the plain. "Not to worry," began the captain. "Arced shot isn't going to be painful. When we get closer, if they skip shot, then we'll have to worry." Even as the first balls began falling around them, a sergeant in the third platoon called out, "Skirmishers on the right!"
A squad of light cavalry, armed with pistols came on an oblique approach, snapping shots at long distance. "Third platoon! Wheel and engage! First and second platoons! Charge!" Even as the third platoon snapped their rifles to firing position, the voices of the first two platoons rose in a ululating war cry.
Grape shot came whizzing out of the fixed emplacements at the top of the hill, dismembering soldiers as the laboriously charged uphill. Then the advancing units reached the earthworks, and began clambering up into the teeth of enemy gunfire. As they reached the brush and spikes at the crest, they began shoving through, their numbers much reduced. Here, it was bloody work - with no time to reload, both sides began stabbing with the bayonets fixed to their rifles.
The coronets of the defenders rose, and a fresh squad of defenders rushed forward into the breech, repulsing the attack.
An example of physical defense in depth
Forward Observers
Provides the ability to see the enemy's formation prior to the engagement
Long range artillery
Forces the enemy to keep moving - as soon as they become stationary, the artillery can range on them. As it is, the benefits of suppressive fire against morale is high.
In this instance, skirmishers forced the advancing unit to divide, thus weakening the attack against the main fortification.
Enfilading fire
At close range, grape shot into attacking infantry is... lethal.
Being on the uphill side of a charge is always advantageous.
Having units firing upon the chargers - even as they ran uphill.
Effectively, walls to shield the defenders against incoming fire, and forcing the attackers over yet another hurdle.
Preparing infantry for a shift from long range to close quarters combat.
A strategic force prepared to reinforce the defense.


text:
What are the advantages of ZipTie?
- You can check the indexing of ANY website, including your competitors,
- You can monitor the sample over time and see which URLs got deindexed,
- Unlike in Google Search Console, you're not limited to only checking 1000 URLs,
- You can get additional information about a given URL, such as word count, title tags, and more.
What's the accuracy of the tool?
The tool has 99% of accuracy.
If you want to double-check the unindexed URLs, analyze them using the URL Inspection Tool in Google Search Console.
What user agents does ZipTie use?
The default user agent used by ZIpTie is "<USER AGENT>". You can specify a custom user agent while creating or editing a Website.
Will ZipTie give me any additional information about my URLs apart from indexing stats? If so, what specific details will it provide?
We present additional information about the URLs, such as:
- Number of words (total number of words on a given page, excluding HTML markup and comments)
- H1 tags,
- Title tags,
- Sitemaps – which sitemap the URL has been found in.
Does ZipTie provide technical SEO services? What should I do if I realize that many of my pages are not indexed?
ZipTie is the tool used for diagnosing indexing issues.
For technical SEO services, reach out to our sister company – Onely.
What is a Sitemap check?
- ZipTie will check which URLs in the sitemaps you provided, aren't indexed in Google. ZipTie will check all URLs in sitemaps. There is one exception though: if you limit the number of URLs, we will choose URLs randomly to fit into the limits.
Example: let's assume there are 10k URLs in your sitemaps.
- if you set limit to 10k we will check all URLs
- if you set limit to 1k, we will choose 1k randomly
- if you set limit to 100k we will check all URLs and return 90k surplus credits
Please note: our checker will visit all listed pages to ensure they are eligible for indexing and will extract additional information (such as Title tag, number of words, etc).
What is a URL check?
ZipTie will check which pages from your list of URLs aren't indexed in Google.
Note: our checker will visit all listed pages to ensure they are eligible for indexing and extract additional information (such as Title tag, number of words, etc).
What is a Crawl check?
- ZipTie will crawl your website, starting with the homepage, until it reaches the selected URL limit. The URLs found are then checked.
What is Sample(/Project) monitoring?
- You can enable sample monitoring to schedule automatic checks with a given frequency, for example every 7 days. Credits will be used at the beginning of every check. Monitoring will let you track indexing over time.
What does the "Requests per second" field do?
- In this field you can specify how many times per second ZipTie will send requests to your website. Higher values mean faster checking and denser traffic on your site during the check. The default rate is 4 requests per second.
Is there a limit on how many domains (including competing websites) I can analyze?
There is no limit – you can check as many domains as you want.
You are only limited to the number of URLs in your subscription.
Is there a limit for how many URLs I can analyze with ZipTie?
The Dashboard will run analyses of up to 1 million URLs. If the limit isn't enough for you, please contact our support.
Note: The URL list check is limited to ~25000 URLs, the rest of the reports aren't limited.
How long will I have to wait for the indexing analysis?
The time it will take for you to get the analysis data heavily depends on ZipTie's current queue and how fast your server responds.
Generally, checks of up to 1000 URLs should be ready after between 5 minutes and 1 hour.
I want to check the indexing status of product and blog pages separately. How can I do it?
The easiest way to accomplish this is to create two separate projects:
- One for blog pages, and
- One for product pages.
I have 1 million URLs on my website. What will happen when I limit the check to 100k URLs?
- If you choose the Sitemap option, we will analyze 100k URLs randomly out of all the sitemaps,
- If you choose the Crawl option, we will run a crawl and stop it when we reach 100k URLs.
Project URL can't be verified
If you are certain the URL is correct, it is possible that the domain protection systems are effectively blocking ZipTie from accessing it. To solve this problem, you may need to add a certain User Agent to your domain whitelist, and pass it in the Custom User Agent field in the Project creation page. Contact us if the problem persists.
Subscription & payments
Do you offer a free trial?
Yes, we offer a 14-day free trial. You can learn more about it in the pricing section.
How subscriptions work?
After the end of the 14-day trial your subscription will automatically change to the default plan. You can change your plan at any time.
I'm currently subscribed to a custom plan. Can I change it?
Yes! You need to go to the Profile page, then click the "Change my plan" button, and choose a new one. It will begin at the next billing period.
Can I cancel my subscription at any time?
Sure! Just send us an email via the contact form and we will cancel your subscription.
How do credits work?
- Every 1 credit used means 1 URL checked with ZipTie.
- If fewer URLs are found than specified, the surplus credits will be returned to your account after the check is finished
Which will be used for my check - subscription credits or extra credits?
Subscription credits are always used first. If you don't have enough subscription credits, the remaining amount will be taken from your extra credits.
What's the difference between subscription credits and extra credits?
- Subscription credits reset every month at the beginning of your billing period. Unused subscriptions credits are not carried over to the next billing period.
- Extra credits can be purchased at any time. They are lifetime.
Credits are used but no report is created. Why?
Contact us here and we will look into your issue.
General indexing FAQ
How to fix indexing issues?
There is no one to rule to fix them all. We try to share our knowledge about the topic based on our research and experience to make fixing these issues easier.
Here are a few of our articles that you may find helpful:
- Index Coverage Statuses finally explained. In the article, I explain the causes of the most popular indexing issues & how to fix them.
- How to spot patterns of indexing issues.
- Ultimate Guide to Indexing SEO – just about everything you need to know about indexing condensed in a single article.


text:
During the course of the COLLECTORS project, we identified many related EU-projects in order to promote knowledge sharing, leverage on other projects' experiences and results, avoid duplication and maximise the impact of COLLECTORS. The methodology, identified projects, lessons learned, and clustering activities are described in two documents:
- The COLLECTORS report on the identified projects covers the identification, mapping and selection of relevant projects. The report includes the methodology of mapping the projects, the scope, and the description of the identified projects, giving an overall insight in the amount of waste related projects undertaken in Europe.
- The COLLECTORS factsheets describing the clustering activities. To promote knowledge sharing, multiple freshly started EU-projects have been selected and approached for clustering purposes. In order to maximise the impact of the tools and knowledge developed within COLLECTORS, clustering sessions have been held with the main objective to enable these projects to use the COLLECTORS results.
All factsheets contain a short clustering-project summary, a description of the relevant COLLECTORS tools, a description including hyperlinks with the relevant COLLECTORS reports, and lastly a tailored section on knowledge sharing where COLLECTORS partners explain or elaborate on specific questions of the clustering-project. This results in a useful and practical factsheet where project partners of the clustering-project can find and look up relevant information for their future research.
Clustering started with the compilation of a matrix to determine which of the COLLECTORS tools is of most interest to the clustering project. The following tools and/or reports are identified and presented to the projects:
- Life Cycle Analysis (LCA); An environmental assessment on waste collection in Europe by applying LCA, analysing how improving municipal waste collection can reduce the environmental impact for the PPW, WEEE and CDW.
- Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA); A financial assessments on waste collection in Europe by applying CBA, analysing how separate collection for PPW, WEEE and CDW can be implemented while balancing costs.
- Value Chain Analysis (VCA); Assessment of the contribution of waste collection systems to improve circularity and on solutions implemented in waste collection systems that enable the recycler to produce more value, by producing better (qualitative) secondary materials.
- Social Acceptance Analysis (SAA); An assessment in dialogue with citizens of the implemented solutions and key elements for societal acceptance on waste collection in Europe.
- Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM); A decision making tool used for prioritising elements and aspects of waste collection systems by weighing and ranking parameters.
- Policy recommendations; Synthesis of all COLLECTORS results, the feedback from stakeholders and experts on the regulatory and governance barriers or catalysers to effective waste collection.
- Good practices; Description of the 12 good performing waste collection practices identified in the COLLECTORS project.


IKEA Foundation - Portfolio Strategy Support
Climate Change is a pressing issue for all but especially for those with minimal resources and vulnerable to its effects. This is the group the IKEA Foundation focuses on through their projects and grants through their portfolio areas focusing on food/agri, energy, livelihoods and entrepreneurship. However, climate change, a confronting and fast approaching threat, was missing from these portfolios. This is why TheRockGroup supported IKEA Foundation in a review of their portfolios to incorporate Climate change into them. As a result Climate Action is now a 5th portfolio category under which the foundation is making a difference though their strategic projects and grants.
IKEA Foundation is has 4 different portfolios under which they fund projects and make grants to make a strategic difference in their impact areas. Recognizing climate change as an issue that needed addressing they asked TheRockGroup to help them review their current portfolio and strategy to find a way to integrate climate change into the portfolio and see how each portfolio can have an impact on climate change.
kids running beach
five overview categories
Our Work
TheRockGroup was asked to do a quick review of IKEA Foundations' current 4 portfolios with the aim of finding a way to incorporate climate change into their actions. Through a benchmark review of other foundations and granting agencies around the globe we made a recommendation to IKEA Foundation on how best to address climate change through their work. As a result a 5th portfolio was created focusing on Climate Action.


text:
Fibre length meter
November 12, 2007
By Manufacturing AUTOMATION
OZ Optics Limited has developed a meter designed to measure
the lengths of optical fibres from a few millimetres to 500 metres. The system
can measure lengths of multimode, single-mode and polarization maintaining fibres.
The device works by measuring the time it takes an optical signal to travel
along and back through a fibre.
are updated once per second to allow continuous monitoring of the fibre length,
which also allows the device to be used as an optical strain sensor.
are communicated to a logging computer via a
OZ Optics Limited


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Using the implicit function theorem one can prove the following:
Let $X,Y$ be Banach-spaces, $U\subset X$ open, $f\colon U\to \mathbf{R}$, $g\colon U\to Y$ continuously differentiable function. If $f|_{g^{-1}(0)}$ has a local extremum at $x$, and $g'(x)\in L(X;Y)$ has a right inverse in $L(Y;X)$, then there is a unique $\lambda\in Y^*$, such that $f'(x)=\lambda\circ g'(x)$.
One can also give some second order necessary and sufficient conditions. This generalizes the case where $Y$ is finite dimensional, and $g'(x)$ is surjective. However I have seen some texts that claimed that only surjectivity is sufficient even in the infinite dimensional case.
My question is does that hold true? If it does what is the method of the proof, because I cannot figure how the implicit function theorem could be used. If the proof is complicated I would appreciate even just some good references.
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1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Yes, surjectivity of dg(x) is sufficient.
The proof is not very complicated, but takes some work. The reference cited by Planetmath is: Eberhard Zeidler. Applied functional analysis: main principles and their applications. Springer-Verlag, 1995. Take a look at page 268 and following.
The key ingredient is a weaker formulation of the implicit function theorem: Suppose $F: X \times Y \to Z$ is $C^1$ in a neighbourhood of $0$, with $F(0,0) = 0$ and $D_Y F(0,0) : Y \to Z$ is surjective. Then,
(1) For each $r > 0$, there exists $\rho > 0$ so for every $|| u || < \rho$, there exists $v = v(u)$ with $F(u, v(u) ) = 0$ and $|| v || < r$.
(2) There exists $d > 0$ so that $|| v(u) || \le d || D_Y F(0,0) v(u) ||$.
The proof of this is a bit more delicate than the standard implicit function theorem, but you use the closed range theorem to construct a surrogate for the inverse, and then use this to construct your iteration.
You then prove the Lagrange multiplier theorem from this, essentially following the standard proof (presumably the one you had in mind above).
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Your Answer


your code has to change until your ready to use the zip code field. Your objects have an extra accessor, which is automatically created by the code that parses the column-description line, but nothing else is affected.
 It could be you want to add the zip code to the address labels, but you dont want to change the DB schema to capture zip codes. You change the label generation code, and leave the DB insert code alone. So your DB inserts continue to work, and your address labels now have zip codes.
 All because you were able to have the client give you one extra line in the supplied flat files.
 ...reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled. - R P Feynmann
 Field header rows can be useful indeed. However they are only really applicable to files that contain only a single record type. Many of the files i deal with contain multiple record types. But its a good point, thanks.
 ---
 $world=~s/war/peace/g
Re: Thoughts on designing a file format.
by radiantmatrix (Parson) on Sep 14, 2005 at 17:17 UTC
 I've done a number of file formats as well, and there are two pieces of advice I'd like to add to your excellent list:
 1. Explicitly specify your escape methodology: if you are creating a CSV file, how will a comma in the data be escaped?
 2. If possible, use record and unit separators that are unlikely to exist in your data: for example, I like to use the ASCII chars \x1E\x0A ("Record Separator"+ newline) and \x1F ("Unit Separator") to separate records and elements, respectively. These are unlikely to appear in text data (unlike columns, tabs, etc.) and reduce the complexity of the escaping strategy that will be required.
 In many cases, combining these can result in "the record-separator and element-separator chars are not allowed in text data" as an escaping strategy. This means you can use code like:
 open my $F_data, '<', 'filename.dat' or die("bad open: $!"); local $\ = "\x1E\x0A"; while (<$F_data>) { my @row = split("\x1F", $_); process (\@row); }
 Instead of relying on (admittedly excellent) modules like Text::CSV_XS. Using these chars tremendously simplifies one's life!
 <-radiant.matrix->
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text:
, it is sometimes useful to represent a vector in matrix notation as
Then, in appendix 2 of post 17.13 we could write
The dot product v.r is then given by vTr = vxrx + vyry + vzrz that is a scalar.
The cross product of the two vectors a and b in post 17.37 is given by the determinant
which could be represented by the column matrix
Now let's look again at equation 2. We would get the same relationship between stresses and strains if we wrote it as
Now we are representing the stresses and strains by a 3 × 3 matrix in which are the non-diagonal elements are zero; this is an example of a diagonal matrix. The off-diagonal elements are zero because, the strains resulting from application of the stress σx do not depend on σy or σz. In general, the state of strain in an isotropic material may be more complicated so that the strain induced by σx may components in the y and z directions that are not so simply related to σx. In other words, the strain depends on direction but strains in the x, y and z direction are not independent. Then the strain in the object is represented by a tensor instead of by a vector (post 20.2). We can represent this tensor by the a 3 × 3 matrix
If you've managed to read this whole post, from beginning to end, congratulations!


Heikak
Heikak - Manipur Medicinal Plants
Common Name
English :Water chestnut
Hindi :Singara/ paniphal
Manipuri :Heikak
Scientific Name
Group :Angiosperm (Dicotyledon)
Family :Trapaceae
Genus :Trapa
Species :natans Linn.
Habit :Aquatic rooted herb
Parts Used :Whole plant
Mode of Preparation :Fresh vines are commonly served as, traditional salad or cooked. Shoot crushed for paste preparation.
Mode of use :Fresh
Ingredients : Plant contains thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, A, oxalates and b-amylase. The starch isolated from the flour consists about 15% amylose and amylopectin.
Ailment Treated:The plant is used to enhance blood circulation and leucorrhoea. Fresh tender kernels are sweet, delicious, nutritious and a good source of minerals and carbohydrates. The fruit are astringent, cooling, constipating, diuretic, antipyretic, appetizer and tonic.
Source:Found in lake and other low lying marshes and also cultivated in ponds.


text:
Nuclear Science and Engineering / Volume 166 / Number 2 / October 2010 / Pages 134-144
Technical Paper / _URL_.13182/NSE09-87
The area ratio method of Sjöstrand is generally considered one of the most reliable reactivity determination methods and thus is a major candidate for off-line calibration purposes in future accelerator-driven systems for high-level waste incineration. In this work, the Sjöstrand area ratio method has been evaluated experimentally under thorough conditions in the strongly heterogeneous subcritical facility YALINA-Booster. Both strengths and weaknesses of the method have been identified. Most surprisingly, it has been found that the area ratio reactivity estimates may differ a factor of 2 depending on detector position. It is also shown that this strong spatial dependence can be explained based on a simple two-region point-kinetics model and corrected by means of correction factors obtained through Monte Carlo simulations. A new Monte Carlo correction method is proposed that includes, at the same time, the spatial disturbance and the effective delayed neutron fraction. In that way, the value of the effective multiplication factor is obtained from the measured dollar reactivity without the need of calculating the effective delayed neutron fraction explicitly, and thereby, the delayed neutron transport is performed only once. Further, it has been found that the Sjöstrand area ratio method is not sensitive to perturbations of the source multiplication factor.


text:
Sidik Sasongko, Priyo (2010) SOLVING SYSTEM OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS. PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL ILMU KOMPUTER UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO 2010.
Full text not available from this repository.
Fundamental problems from engineering, chemistry, medicine, etc. can be formulated as a system of nonlinear equations. Solving systems of nonlinear equations is of great importance, because these systems frequently arise in many branches of computational mathematics. Finding the solution of n-dimensional nonlinear equations can be a challenging problem, even when a unique solution exists. Finding a solution for such a system requires sometimes high computational efforts. In this paper, we try to solve them using two different approaches. Both approaches transform the problem into an optimization problem. One approach uses Newton method and the other one a genetic algorithm. The solution of a nonlinear equation with computer simulation illustrates the algorithm. Several experiments are performed in order to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. Keywords : Nonlinear equation, optimization problem, Newton technique, Genetic Algorithm.
|Subjects:||Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science|
|Divisions:||Faculty of Science and Mathematics > Department of Computer Science|
|Deposited By:||Mr. Matematika Admin|
|Deposited On:||10 Dec 2010 17:13|
|Last Modified:||10 Dec 2010 17:13|
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text:
Google purchased 80MW of electrical power from Acciona Energy. The power will come from a 1.5 million sqm solar campus built in a piece of land measuring 280 hectares in the Atacama Desert, west of the Andes mountains and 645Km north of capital Santiago.
Solar energy will be used to power both the $150m data centre and Google's offices in Quilicura.
The photovoltaic park opened in November 2016 occupies a piece of land of produces a total yearly power production of 493 GWh. Acciona Energy claims the plant avoids the production of 474,000 tonnes of CO2.
It consists of 776,000 solar panels and 55 million photovoltaic cells. The park is mounted on metal static structures covering 196 Km if lined-up.
The article was originally published on Data-Economy.com