text:
The Breatharian Diet: Can You Live on Air Alone?
The Breatharian Diet is an extreme form of fasting – where an individual forgoes food and drinks only water, in an attempt to find a spiritual connection with the universe. Proponents of this diet believe that it can lead to a healthier, more enlightened life. While some people have attempted to live on air alone, the most successful Breatharian Dieters subsist on a minimal intake of water and juice. This type of diet has been met with skepticism and criticism from doctors and nutritionists, who have warned that it can be dangerous and unhealthy. Despite this, the Breatharian Diet has become increasingly popular in recent years, and is being adopted by a growing number of individuals looking to improve their physical and mental wellbeing.
What is a Breatharian Diet and Is It Safe?
The Breatharian Diet has been gaining a lot of attention lately as the latest "miracle" diet. It's been touted as being a way for people to consume no food or water, and to instead survive solely on air and "cosmic energy." Yes, you read that right—it's a diet where you literally don't eat or drink anything!
So, is the Breatharian Diet safe? Well, the short answer is no, not really. While there have been some people who claim to have lived on the Breatharian Diet, there is no scientific evidence to support the claims. In fact, the diet is widely considered to be extremely dangerous and can lead to serious health problems, including malnutrition, dehydration, and even death.
So, if you're looking for a miracle diet, the Breatharian Diet is probably not the one for you. Instead, you're much better off sticking to a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. That way, you can be sure that you're getting all the essential nutrients your body needs to stay healthy and happy.
Examining the Claims of Breatharianism: Is it a Real Diet?
Are you tired of having to eat food every day? Are you looking for an easier way to maintain your health? Well, you may have heard about a revolutionary new diet known as Breatharianism. But is it really a real diet, or just a lot of hot air? Let's explore and find out!
Breatharianism is a diet that claims you can survive without food or water. Its adherents believe that you can exist solely on "prana," or the energy that is supposedly in the air. Proponents of Breatharianism claim that this diet will give you superhuman strength, increased intelligence, and improved health.
But is Breatharianism actually a real diet? The short answer is no. Research has shown that humans need food and water to survive. Breatharians can experience side effects like dehydration, malnutrition, and even death if they try to exist on air alone.
So, if you're looking for a way to stay healthy and energized, you're better off sticking to a nutritious diet and drinking lots of water. Trust us—it's far more effective than Breatharianism!
Exploring the Pros and Cons of Breatharianism
Ah, Breatharianism: the belief that one can live without food or water and instead draw sustenance from the air and the sun. It's a fascinating concept, but is it really something that we can achieve? Let's explore the pros and cons of Breatharianism and see what we can learn.
- No more grocery shopping: With Breatharianism, you no longer have to endure the dreaded grocery store trip. You can kiss those long checkout lines goodbye!
- No more cooking: With Breatharianism, you no longer have to worry about the hassle of meal prep. All you need to do is take a deep breath and you're good to go!
- No more eating: With Breatharianism, you no longer have to worry about counting calories or watching your waistline. You can eat as much as you want without worrying about the consequences!
- You have to breathe a lot: This might sound like an obvious con, but it's worth mentioning. With Breatharianism, you have to take a lot of deep breaths throughout the day. That can get tiring!
- You have to be outdoors a lot: To really get the full benefits of Breatharianism, you have to be outdoors and exposed to the sun. That means no more Netflix binges!
- You may miss out on the joys of food: Eating can be a great source of pleasure, and with Breatharianism, you'll miss out on all the delicious flavors and textures of food.
At the end of the day, Breatharianism is an interesting concept, but it's probably not something that we can all realistically achieve. That being said, you can still enjoy some of its benefits, like fewer trips to the grocery store and less time spent cooking!
Breaking Down the Benefits and Drawbacks of a Breatharian Diet
The Breatharian Diet – it's a radical concept that's sure to get people talking. On the one hand, it promises a life free from food and the associated costs and time commitments. On the other, it implies that you can survive on air alone – which is definitely a bit questionable, to say the least! So, let's break down the pros and cons of this radical diet, shall we?
- For starters, Breatharianism is a great way to save money on groceries. No more spending money at the supermarket – just grab some fresh air and you're good to go!
- No more spending time in the kitchen. You can kiss goodbye to slaving over a hot stove and saying hello to more free time.
- No more dieting. That's right, you don't have to worry about counting calories or watching what you eat ever again.
- The biggest drawback of Breatharianism is the serious risk of malnutrition and starvation. You may be able to survive on air alone, but your body still needs essential nutrients and vitamins to stay healthy.
- You might also find yourself feeling a bit lightheaded from time to time. After all, you're living off of nothing but air!
- And finally, you may find that your social life suffers. After all, it's hard to meet up for dinner when you're not eating.
The Breatharian Diet is certainly a controversial one, with its own set of pros and cons. Ultimately, it's up to you to decide whether it's worth the risks. Just remember – if you do decide to take the plunge, make sure to have a backup plan in case things don't go as planned!
An Investigation into the Science Behind Breatharianism
Do you ever feel like the only thing standing between you and ultimate bliss is a cheeseburger? Well, if you're a believer in Breatharianism, you can forget about that cheeseburger and its tantalizing, greasy goodness. That's because Breatharianism claims that you don't need food at all — you can live off of nothing but air, water, and sunlight.
But is this real? Can humans really survive without consuming food? Let's take a deep dive into the science behind Breatharianism and see if there's any truth to this seemingly outlandish claim.
First, let's address the obvious: food provides energy. The calories we consume are converted into energy and our bodies use this energy to power every metabolic process. So, if we don't consume food, we won't have any energy. That's a problem.
But don't worry — Breatharianism has an answer for this. They claim that the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the sunlight we absorb can all replace food as a source of energy. That sounds great, but is it true?
The short answer is no. While air, water, and sunlight do provide some energy, they're nowhere near enough to sustain a human being. The average person needs to consume around 2,000 calories per day, and air, water, and sunlight just don't have that much energy.
So, what about the people who claim to be Breatharian? Well, it turns out that most of them are just regular people who have drastically restricted their caloric intake. That means that they're consuming far fewer calories than the average person, so it's not surprising that they feel hungry all the time.
In conclusion, the science simply doesn't support the idea that humans can survive on nothing but air, water, and sunlight. So, if you're looking for something to replace that cheeseburger, you might want to look somewhere else.
Debunking the Myths of Breatharianism
Have you ever heard of Breatharianism? Maybe you've heard of it from a friend or seen something about it on social media. Breatharianism is a movement that claims that its followers can sustain themselves on air and sunlight alone, foregoing food and water altogether. It's an interesting concept, but unfortunately, it's also a myth.
Yes, Breatharianism is a real thing, with many people claiming to be part of the movement. There's even a website devoted to it! But here's the thing: there's no scientific evidence that supports the claims of Breatharianism. In fact, it's been debunked time and time again by medical professionals and nutritionists.
The idea behind Breatharianism is that food and water are not necessary to sustain life. But


text:
It's All In Your (Theory of the) Mind
Posted by The Situationist Staff on July 13, 2008
Story by Anne-Marie Tobin, from Canadian Press.
* * *
Can robots and computers take the place of a human being? Two new studies involving research on brain activity in humans provide some food for thought in the evolving debate about interactions between man and machine – and in both cases, people seem to prefer people.
German scientists used an MRI scanner to see how the brain reacted when subjects thought they were playing a game against four different opponents – a laptop computer, a functional robot with no human shape except for artificial hands, a robot with a humanlike shape and another person.
The 20 participants were also asked about their enjoyment levels after playing the Prisoner's Dilemma Game, which is similar to the Rock Paper Scissors game.
"We were interested in what's going on in the brain when you play an interaction game when you need to think what your opponent is thinking," said Soren Krach, a psychologist in the department of psychiatry at RWTH Aachen University.
In social cognitive neuroscience, the ability to attribute intentions and desires to others is referred to as having a Theory of Mind, according to the study.
"We found out that the activity in the cortical network related to Theory of Mind … was increasingly engaged the more the opponents exhibited humanlike features," Krach explained.
Before going into the MRI scanner, the subjects played against the laptop, the two robots and the human. Once inside the scanner, they played again, using special video glasses, and they were told which opponent they were playing against at any given time.
Later, they were asked about the interaction.
"They indicated that the more humanlike the opponent was, the more they had perceived fun during the game and they more attributed intelligence to their opponent," Krach said.
The behaviour of the four opponents was randomized.
The study was published Tuesday in the online open-access journal PLoS ONE, along with another study in which neuroscientists looked at the brain's response to piano sonatas played either by a computer or musician.
* * *
To read the rest of the article and about that second experiment, click here.
The article, from which the image above is taken, is: Krach S, Hegel F, Wrede B, Sagerer G, Binkofski F, et al. (2008) Can Machines Think? Interaction and Perspective Taking with Robots Investigated via fMRI. PLoS ONE 3(7): e2597. doi:10.1371/journal.pone._PHONE_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Argentine National Observatory
|Astronomical Observatory of Córdoba|
|Organization||National University of Córdoba|
|Location||Córdoba Province, Argentina|
Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba
The Argentine National Observatory, today the Astronomical Observatory of Córdoba, was founded on 24 October 1871, by Argentine president Domingo F. Sarmiento and the North American astronomer Benjamin Apthorp Gould.
Its creation is the beginning of astronomical studies in Argentina. When the president Domingo F. Sarmiento was representing his country in the United States, He had the opportunity to meet the pioneering astronomer Benjamin Apthorp Gould, who was very interested in travel to Argentina in order to study the stellar south hemisphere.
Once Sarmiento was already installed as president of Argentina, he invited the eminent scientist to travel to Argentina in 1869, to provide his full support to organize an observatory. Gould arrived in Buenos Aires in 1870. The same night of the inauguration of the Astronomical Observatory of Cordoba, Gould began with the naked eye, later with the aid of small binoculars, a map of the southern sky, with more than 7000 stars recorded, that was published under the name of Uranometría Argentina.
Gould was director of the observatory until 1885, that year he return to United States. Among his works on the observatory, we must mention its Catálogo de Zonas (1884), which was registered more than 70,000 stars of the southern hemisphere, and the Argentinian General Catalog which contains about 35,000 stars whose positions were established with very good accuracy. Other important issue was the first stellar photographs taken in the world at this observatory. For this work were taken hundreds of sheets of open star clusters in the southern hemisphere, which was subsequently determined the positions of each stars. This was the first systematic and large-scale astronomy book published using the photographic technique. It was published in 1897 under the name Fotografías Cordobesas.


Saturday, 24 January 2009
Calculating distance in C# (with SqlServer.Types)
WiredPrairie's post on Calculating the distance between two Zip Codes in C# starts with the line
Unfortunately, there are many classes built into the .NET framework, but a zip code distance calculator isn't included.
which is true -- however with the release of SQL Server 2008 Microsoft has made available the redistributable Microsoft.SqlServer.Types assembly that contains the SqlGeography and SqlGeometry types. Within SQL Server 2008 this enables the new geospatial functions, but these types can also be used in C#. I thought I'd add the SQL Server types to his example, just for fun...
I've modified WiredPrairie's code to use Microsoft.SqlServer.Types.SqlGeography in place of manually calculating Radians and using the Haversine formula... only a few minor changes were required (view source):
0. Reference Microsoft.SqlServer.Types assembly
1. Replace the Distance() method completely
I haven't implemented miles here - just kilometres
The important bits being:
string lineString = String.Format("LINESTRING({0} {1}, {2} {3})"
, compare.Longitude, compare.Latitude
, this.Longitude, this.Latitude);
var g = Microsoft.SqlServer.Types.SqlGeography.STGeomFromText(
new System.Data.SqlTypes.SqlChars(new System.Data.SqlTypes.SqlString(
lineString
))
, 4326); // IMPORTANT for distance calc
geoDistance = Convert.ToDouble(g.STLength().ToString()) / 1000; // to kilometers
2. Remove the conversion to Radians
The SqlGeography type uses Latitude and Longitude in degrees.
3. Minor text changes (miles to kilometres)
4. and finally, change the input from '25 miles' to '40 kilometres'
Here is a comparison of the results -- there appears to minor differences in the calculation results - I assume due to rounding...
Of course, WiredPrairie's solution would run anywhere (including Silverlight) whereas adding a dependency to Microsoft.SqlServer.Types means you can only use this code where the SqlServer Types redistributable has been installed. It's still interesting to see the additional features provided by SQL Server 2008 - I hope some spatial types (without the SQL dependency) make their way into a future core .NET Framework release (and Silverlight 3.0??).
3 comments:
 1. Very cool addition/modification to my code.
 ReplyDelete
 2. really very good and informative. I decided to copy his code snippet and make sure it works in .NET 2.0 and also convert it to JavaScript. So below are both my C# 2.0 and JavaScript snippets for calculating the distance between two geocodes.
 distance calcualtor
 ReplyDelete
 3. Do you have a link to download your source for this? Thanks.
 ReplyDelete


APHOTOFAUNA
An online educational resource dedicated to the photography of
terrestrial wildlife and their habitats, found across South-West
England and the Devon and Cornwall Peninsula by David Fenwick.
A-P-H-O-T-O Wildlife Stock Image Library
Phyllaphis fagi - Wooly Beech Aphid (Bugs - Homoptera)
Wooly Beech Aphid
Phyllaphis fagi
- on Fagus sylvatica leaf 1
Wooly Beech Aphid
Phyllaphis fagi
- on Fagus sylvatica leaf 2
Wooly Beech Aphid
Phyllaphis fagi
- on Fagus sylvatica leaf 3
Wooly Beech Aphid
Phyllaphis fagi
- on Fagus sylvatica leaf 4
Species found on underside of leaves of Beech, Fagus sylvatica, at Skimmel Bridge, near Penzance, Cornwall. 03.06.13.
APHOTOFAUNA supports open source data recording and sharing for the benefit of wildlife, recorders, research, science and education. The project works closely with the following bodies and organisations.
CISFBR or Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Federation of Biological Recorders
The CISFBR or Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Federation of Biological Recorders is an independent umbrella organisation supporting independent recorders and recording groups in the county of Cornwall.
Cornish Biodiversity Network
The Cornish Biodiversity Network or CBN is the largest open source wildlife database in Cornwall that sends open source data to the NBN (National Biodiversity Network). It is a new recording system based on the ERICA database, the largest recording resource in Cornwall. The CBN best supports the activities and needs of the independent recording community and recording groups in Cornwall.
NBN National Biodiversity Network
The National Biodiversity Network or NBN is a charity that supports open source data sharing and recording supporting conservation, science and education.
"Why do recorders need open source?". Simply because it supports the core values of wildlife recording and the free use of records and data over a very wide network that includes partners like the Natural History Museum.
Phyllaphis fagi Wooly Beech Aphid Bugs Homoptera Images
The main objective of this website is in furthering environmental awareness and education through the medium of photography. To increase awareness and access to the wildlife of the region and help
people find and identify it. Sometimes the difference between species is obvious but many species can only be determined by observing microscopic characteristics that are specific to any one species.


text:
Singh, Anshuman (2018) A Parametric Study of Slope Stability and Comparison of Breach Parameter for Different case of Earthen Dam. MTech thesis.
Restricted to Repository staff only
The slope stability analysis of earthen dam for every aspect is very crucial because huge risk is related to dam at every stage of construction and working period. The very huge volume of water stored in reservoir by dam, which is very hazardous to downstream location for worst-case scenarios at time of breach in dam. Therefore, stability of dam and breach scenarios is very important to analyze for better solution for dam construction technique. Stability of dam depend upon stress occur in different loading condition, strength of material, geometric parameter, type of foundation and equipment installed. In this study, comparison of downstream slope stability by varying material property of dam and slope of downstream of dam. The effect of core seize, shape, inclination and position on stability of dam. Factor of safety obtained from limit equilibrium and finite element method are compared for various case of dam. In addition, dam break analysis is done for comparing the effect of different breach parameter equation on downstream breach flood. In breach analysis of dam, type of dam and failure mechanism of dam also effect downstream breach flood is also studied.
|Item Type:||Thesis (MTech)|
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||Breach Parameter; Factor of Safety; Earthen Dam, Core of Dam|
|Subjects:||Engineering and Technology > Civil Engineering > Water Resources Engineering|
Engineering and Technology > Civil Engineering > Construction Engineeing
|Divisions:||Engineering and Technology > Department of Civil Engineering|
|Deposited By:||IR Staff BPCL|
|Deposited On:||13 Mar 2019 16:27|
|Last Modified:||13 Mar 2019 16:27|
Repository Staff Only: item control page

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Achieving the optimum balance for a life lived well
Ever wondered what balance of exercise, sleep, food and work delivers the best outcomes for your physical and mental health?
A team of scientists led by researchers in South Australia is embarking on a four-year study to find out.
The international team will use 200,000 data sources from Fitbits, activity monitors and time-use surveys linked with health data to create a prototype.
University of South Australia lead researcher Dr Dot Dumuid said first-class prototype would provide personalised advice on how best to use a 24-hour period for specific health outcomes.
She said Israeli mathematicians, University of Adelaide computer scientists as well as global behavioural epidemiologists and public health specialists would develop an analytical method to work out the ideal length of time needed on activities in order to achieve particular outcomes.
The software will form the basis of an online tool allowing people to improve time management while achieving the optimal health for their lifestyle.
"Every day everybody is given 24 hours. How people allocate that time to activities impacts their health," Dr Dumuid said. "We already know that things like screen time, exercise, sleep and work-life balance influence health, but now we are thinking about these things as linked parts that together make up a complete day. So, rather than talking about activities in isolation, we talk about 'healthy days' or 'the optimal mix of activities'."
The project was this month awarded a $951,708 grant from Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council to collate data, create and test optimisation methods and develop a prototype.
"We already have access to many such data sets, and we are reaching out to studies across the world to gain access to their data also," Dr Dumuid said.
"But because people measure time in lots of different ways and there are different brands and different parameters that people have used in their studies, we will have to do some calibration across the different studies to make sure they can be put together.
"In industry optimisation, this kind of data happens all the time. For example, people optimise the mix of fertilizer to get the best crop yields but then there are also other factors like the lowest cost."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
At the Eurogamer Expo today Alex Hutchinson and Jonathan Cooper from Ubisoft Montreal answered the question on the lips of every fan of Russia or Japan: 'why America?'
"In looking for a suitable setting for AC we look for times that have been a turning point in history, and a time and place most gamers haven't been," explained Alex. "Many gamers have been to America, but not in the 18th century."
The pair talked about the themes of the American Revolution and how they synced perfectly with those of the Assassin/Templar feud - liberty or death, power vs slavery, control vs freedom. They had also noted that players liked interacting with Leonardo da Vinci in previous games because he was a known name, and the revolution offered plenty of those.
It was also important, as they explained, to make Connor be stuck in the middle - not king & country, not Mel Gibson from The Patriot. So a Native American was chosen. (they also noted how difficult it was to find a Native American actor who hadn't been in Twilight) They finally noted to the very British audience that AC3 was not about the Revolution, it was merely as a backdrop to their own story, and that everyone is actually British in the game "until the end" - perhaps hinting the game will finish on July 4th perhaps?


(but not trivial-looking) expression:
DECODE(col2[cv(rn)], 0, NVL(col2[cv(rn) - 1], 0), col2[cv(rn)])
Let's decompose again.
DECODE
DECODE is a simple and useful Oracle function that takes a first argument, compares it with argument 2, and if they're the same, returns argument 3, otherwise argument 4. It works like a CASE, which is a bit more verbose:
DECODE(A, B, C, D)
-- The same as:
CASE A WHEN B THEN C ELSE D END
cv(rn)
cv() is a MODEL specific "function" that means "current value". On the left-hand side of the assignment, we used "any" as the dimension specifier, so we're applying this rule for "any" value of rn. In order to access a specific rn value, we'll simply write cv(rn), or the "current value of rn".
recursiveness
The RULES of the MODEL clause are allowed to span a recursive tree (although not a graph, so no cycles are allowed), where each cell can be defined based on a previous cell, which is again defined based on its predecessor. We're doing this via col2[cv(rn) - 1], where cv(rn) - 1 means the "current row number minus one".
Easy, right? Granted. The syntax isn't straight-forward and we're only scratching the surface of what's possible with MODEL.
Conclusion
SQL provides cool ways to implementing data-driven, declarative specifications of what your data should be like. The MODEL clause is a bit eerie, but at the same time extremely powerful. Much easier and also a bit faster are window functions, a tool that should be in the tool chain of every developer working with SQL.
In this article, we've shown how to fill gaps in sparse data using window functions or MODEL. A similar use-case are running totals. If this article has triggered your interest, I suggest reading about different approaches of calculating a running total in SQL.
3 thoughts on "How to Fill Sparse Data With the Previous Non-Empty Value in SQL
 1. LAST_VALUE(y.total_wall ignore nulls) OVER (ORDER BY x.priority desc ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED preceding AND CURRENT ROW) AS total_wall_new,
 2. Thanks for the reference to my solution on SO. I was to write this post on my blog, since it indeed is quite a common SQL problem, but you know – life, kids, stuff,… Did not have the time to do it yet. :-)
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A new survey into sickness absence rates and costs highlights an upward trend in the number of sick days an employee typical takes, with many employers underestimating the cost of absenteeism, something Adrian Lewis from Activ Absence is urging employers to address.
The research from XpertHR[i] shows that the UK's median absence rate has risen slightly from 2.5% of working time in 2018, to 2.7% – translating to 6.4 days' absence per employee (up from 5.6 days the previous year). The cost of sickness absence in 2019 stood at a median of £568 per employee, but XpertHR says this is likely to be inaccurate because 42% employers said they did not know if their absence cost data was accurate or not.
Adrian Lewis says, "It's a worrying time for employers due to COVID-19 and the rise in the number of sick days people are taking will add to this. These figures may well increase this year and next too as the true impact of the pandemic is felt.
"The pandemic has put a huge strain on people and their families, both from a health perspective but also financially. People are fearful of their job security and the possibility of facing redundancy in the future. Homeworking has added to this with people feeling isolated from colleagues and the usual work environment.
"All of this can build up and cause both mental and physical illness, leading to more people taking time off sick. It's therefore vital that employers accurately track absence and manage it effectively to reduce the costs associated with absenteeism such as a loss of productivity, paying other staff overtime to do the work or having to hire temporary staff.
"An easy and accurate way for businesses to do this is by using absence management software, which will track absence, flag up patterns which can indicate issues and prompt return to work interviews. Having this data enables employers to put steps in place to better manage absence and reduce costs by understanding why people are off sick.
"By monitoring absence trends employers can have complete visibility over their workforce and will know where to target support, such as wellbeing and mental health support or changes that might be needed in the working culture to mitigate any issues people are having. This data enables companies to nip issues in the bud quickly and helps ensure a happy and productive workforce.Being informed is the best way to manage costs and ensure that absence rates don't get out of hand."
For more information on absence management software visit _URL_
[i] _URL_


New York City has the highest percentage of residents who don't own a car.
Washington, DC.
San Francisco
The Cities Where People Have The Fewest Cars
Are we headed towards a truly driverless future? One researcher thinks the era of cars has already hit its peak—and these are the cities where it's starting.
Most people I know don't own cars. That's partially a quirk of where I live—a fairly dense city with decent public transportation and bike routes—but it may also be indicative of a larger trend.
In a series of recent reports, Michael Sivak, a research professor at the University of Michigan's Transportation Research Institute, speculates that motorization in the U.S. may have peaked years ago, and that we're entering an age where people have fewer vehicles, drive less, and use less fuel. But some cities are embracing a car-free future more than others.
In part four of his paper, Has Motorization In The U.S. Peaked?, Sivak offers up a ranking of the 30 largest U.S. cities based on the percentage of their households without a vehicle (data is from the census). To the right is the full list, starting with the cities where the most people go car-free.
The cities with better public transportation systems have far fewer residents with cars, but there's not much of a link between population and car ownership (besides New York City, which also has the best public transportation system in the country). Sivak writes:
The proportion of households without a vehicle is likely influenced by a variety of factors. Examples of such factors include the quality of public transportation, urban layout and walkability, availability and cost of parking, income, price of fuel, and local weather. For example, the five cities with the highest proportions of households without a vehicle were all among the top five cities in a recent ranking of the quality of public transportation (Walkscore, 2012).
Overall, the number of vehicles per household across the country is dropping, as the chart on the right shows.
Vehicles won't disappear in coming decades, even if ownership continues to fall. Car-sharing services are gaining in popularity, and driverless cars may mitigate the pain of sitting in traffic and cut down on pedestrian accidents, too.
It's also possible that Sivak isn't entirely correct—young people who avoided buying vehicles in the recession may now be rethinking their choices or will want one as they get older. But for anyone who travels by foot, bus, train, or bicycle, a dip in car ownership will be a welcome relief.
[Images via Shutterstock]
Add New Comment
 - Zach Hastings
 I can't help but note, having lived and attended college in Boston, that the lack of vehicle ownership by Bostonians is largely driven by percentage of student population. 18-24 year olds living on or near campus have little need or desire to own a vehicle (aside from a bike). Most of the working class folk in Boston own/share a car or have a Zip membership since the public transportation is limited and a car is more or less a necessity if you care to enjoy greater New England.


Personal tools
Generic number type
From HaskellWiki
Revision as of 16:11, 20 June 2007 by Byorgey (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
1 Problem
Can I have a generic numeric data type in Haskell which covers
Answer: In principle you can define a type like
data GenericNumber =
 Integer Integer
 | Rational Rational
 | Double Double
and define appropriate instances for
class et. al.
That is, when using
s you will encounter exactly the problems
type would also negate the type safety that strongly typed numbers provide, putting the burden back on the programmer to make sure they are using numbers in a type-safe way. This can lead to subtle and hard-to-find bugs, for example, if some code ends up comparing two floating-point values for equality (usually a bad idea) without the programmer realizing it.
2 Solutions
2.1 average
average xs = sum xs / fromIntegral (length xs)
and you may prefer
average :: [GenericNumber] -> GenericNumber
average xs = sum xs / genericNumberLength xs
with an appropriate implementation of
. However, there is already
and you can write
average xs = sum xs / genericLength xs
2.2 ratios
You find it easy to write
1 / 3 :: Rational
but uncomfortable that
1 / floor pi :: Rational
does not work.
The first example works, because the numeric literals
are interpreted as rationals itself. The second example fails, because
always returns an
number type, where
is not an instance. You should use
instead. This constructs a fraction out of two integers:
1 % 3 :: Rational
1 % floor pi :: Rational
2.3 isSquare
It may seem irksome that
is required in the function
With a
type, one could instead write
isSquare :: GenericNumber -> Bool
isSquare n = (floor. sqrt $ n) ^ 2 == n
but there is a subtle problem here: if the input happens to be represented internally by a non-integral type, this function will probably not work properly. This could be fixed by wrapping all occurrences of
by calls to
, but that's no easier (and less type-safe) than just including the call to
in the first place. The point is that by using
here, all opportunities for the type checker to warn you of problems is lost; now you, the programmer, must ensure that the underlying numeric types are always used correctly, which is made even harder by the fact that you can't inspect them.
3 See also


text:
(1882 - 1971)
Igor Stravinsky short biography
Universally regarded as one of the most important modern composer, Igor Stravinsky spent his earlier years in Russia. There Stravinsky studied composition and orchestration with Rimsky-Korsakov. Stravinsky's first major success was in Paris with compositions commissioned by the impresario Sergei Diaghilev. It was Diaghilev for whom Stravinsky later wrote a number of ballet scores. In 1939 Stravinsky moved to the United States. In the post-war time Stravinsky abandoned a style of neo-classicism and began composing in the twelve-note Schoenberg's technique. A versatile composer, Stravinsky has made great contribution to many modern styles. At the invitation of the Russian government, Stravinsky visited Moscow and Leningrad conducting his own compositions.
More Stravinsky sheet music download on EveryNote.com
Stravinsky Piano sheet music download on EveryNote.com
Stravinsky Violin sheet music download on EveryNote.com
Stravinsky Clarinet sheet music download on EveryNote.com
Stravinsky Orchestral parts sheet music download on EveryNote.


text:
- Main article : Zine
A zine - pronounced zeen - derived from magazine - is an independentlyor self-published booklet, often created by a single person. Zines are customarily created by physically cutting and gluing text and images together onto a master flat for photocopying, but it is also common to produce the master by typing and formatting pages on a computer. The end product is usually folded and stapled. Zines can be printed and bound in any manner. Offset printing is a relatively common alternative to photocopying, though there is some controversey among zine writers as to whether professionally printed products may be defined as zines.
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text: For spin-polarized electrons in the energy range of 8-21 eV incident off-normally on a W(110) surface, we have measured the energy distribution of secondary electrons using a time-of-flight technique and a position-sensitive detector. Selecting the elastically scattered electrons in the specular direction, we obtained the spin asymmetry of the (00) low-energy electron diffraction beam as a function of the primary electron energy and incidence angle. Calculations on the basis of a relativistic multiple scattering formalism, with potential input derived from the self-consistently calculated ground state electronic structure, yielded (00) beam spectra in rather good agreement with their experimental counterparts. In particular, we found a prominent asymmetry feature of about 60% slightly below the emergence threshold energy for two nonspecular beams. Its physical origin is a region of strong spin-orbit coupling between even and odd bulk states, but its size, sign, and energy depend sensitively on the surface potential barrier, which identifies it as a surface resonance. Experimentally, the surface sensitivity of the large asymmetry is revealed by its sign reversal after oxygen exposure.


Documentary "Dear Santa" showcases the magic of the season and the people who keep it alive for others.
From the director of Batkid Begins (2015) and Pick of the Litter (2018) comes a joyous and heartfelt exploration of Operation Santa, an initiative within the U.S. Postal Service that works to answer letters of children and adults sent to Santa throughout the U.S. When the need to process letters became too much for the team, they expanded to include volunteers, dubbed "elves," who would take responsibility for the letters, electively selecting recipients for whom they will track down the variety of wishes each sender desires. Director Dana Nachman juggles the insights of children, the feeling of the season, and the aspirations of people seeking to do good works in several locations across the country in the three weeks of activity ahead of Christmas. It's a lot to handle in under 90 minutes, but Nachman does it all without ever spoiling the holiday's biggest secret.
Dana Nachman's DEAR SANTA. Courtesy of IFC Films. An IFC Films Release.
Nachman's Dear Santa does more than the standard documentary. It doesn't just explore and explain Operation Santa, an initiative in operation for over 113 years, but learns about the people who make it happen. For many, the holidays are just about our intimate circles, but Operation Santa is about something larger. It makes tangible the notion of "good will toward men" that occupies that time of year. Nachman does this by drawing the audience in with partial talking head interviews with a variety of children, children with their own ideas of who Santa is, of how the magic works, of who appears in the malls, and of what they would do if they capture the Man in Red. These interviews are absolutely delightful, filling the doc with a certain innocence and enchantment.
Once the audience is pulled in, Nachman switches to introducing the various "elves" helping Santa fulfill his annual duties. These are people like the postmaster in Pearce, Arizona, a mailperson in Chico, California, non-profit organizers in the New York area, or even children at an unnamed public school. The layers, if you will, in Dear Santa, come in the stories of both the ones writing letters and the ones seeking to fulfill them. So often the focus of such stories is on the gift and what it means to the recipient, something which should not be discounted at all, but Nachman allows the stories of the "elves" to shine as well, making the act of giving all the more wonderful. It's the mailperson in Chico, Janine, who lost her home in the Paradise Fire of 2018 (the subject of the Ron Howard documentary Rebuilding Paradise) and is given the chance to delivery packages to families similarly displaced. It's Damion, a man who gathers as many toys as he can manage for as many letters as he can because he was once gifted a combination radio-alarm clock that helped remove the burden of waking him from his sole parent. The act of giving itself comes from a deep place of pain and protection equally familiar to those who submit their letters full of wishes. From those desiring something as simple as a pet rabbit due to their love of the animal to those desiring a limo ride so that their family can see New York to those desiring a couch for a family in need, or those desiring all the accoutrements an unexpectedly expectant young mother needs. The wrapping of Dear Santa is the aura of love and joy many connect with Christmas, the gift itself is the way the stories connect us all.
The magic of the holiday, Nachman seems to posit, is all about a series of random strangers taking it upon themselves to see that the magic lives for everyone a bit like the audience clapping for Tinkerbell in the stage play version of Peter Pan. Are the holidays magical? They are if you make them magical through small acts of kindness for others.
In select theaters and on VOD December 4th, 2020.
Head to the official Dear Santa website for more information on the film.
To sign-up as an Elf, head to the Operation Santa website.
Final Score: 4 out of 5.
An alternate iteration of this review was published by the Mountain Xpress on their site on December 1st, 2020.
Categories: In Theaters, Mountain Xpress, Print, Publications, Reviews, streaming
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The aim of the postgraduate studies in Applied Molecular Spectroscopy is to produce scientists with a comprehensive knowledge of modern molecular spectroscopic techniques used in research laboratories of universities and research centers and find industrial, health and environmental applications. Master's Degrees and PhDs are offered after the successful attendance of a number of theoretical and laboratory courses.
A Master's Degree lasts two years and it can be accomplished either by courses or by a combination of courses and a research project. PhDs require a minimum period of two years research after completing the program for a Master's Degree.
Candidate postgraduate students may be graduates of Chemistry, Physics and Engineering Departments of Universities and Polytechnic Schools.
For information on admission exams and rules (in Greek) click here.
For information about the general Postgraduate program of the Chemistry Department click here.
SECRETARY OF THE PROGRAM:
Dept. of Chemistry, University of Crete,
Leoforos Knossou, Heraklion 71409,
Tel. +30 810 39 3677
Fax +30 810 39 3601
APPLICATION FORM (in Greek) DOWNLOAD
KANONISMOS (in Greek) KANONISMOS
The BEOWULF of AMS THE-ELEMENTS


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I'm looking for a quick way to compute the Pontryagin dual group of the n-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^n$ (with $\mathbb{T} := \mathbb{R} / \mathbb{Z}$). The only way I know is from "Dikran Dikranjan - Introduction to Topological Groups" and is very tedious.
I thought so: $\mathbb{T}^n$ is compact then $\widehat{\mathbb{T}^n}$ has the discrete topology. The set $E$ of all the functions
$\mathbb{T}^n \to \mathbb{C} : x \mapsto e^{2 \pi a \cdot x}$
with $a \in \mathbb{Z}^d$ is a subset of $\widehat{\mathbb{T}^d}$ which separates the points of $\mathbb{T}^d$ (I mean: for any $x,y \in \mathbb{T}^d$ with $x \neq y$ exists some $\chi \in E$ such that $\chi(x) \neq \chi(y)$. Now I was hoping that Stone-Weierstass theorem could help me to prove that $E$ is dense in $\widehat{\mathbb{T}^d}$ and so that $\widehat{\mathbb{T}^d} = E$, because $\widehat{\mathbb{T}^d}$ is discrete. However I don't know how to apply Stone-Weierstass theorem in this case.
I thank you for any ideas!
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 6 down vote accepted
The key case is the 1-dimensional torus. We want to show every continuous homomorphism $\chi \colon {\mathbf R}/{\mathbf Z} \rightarrow {\mathbf T}$ has the form $x \bmod {\mathbf Z} \mapsto e^{2\pi inx}$ for some integer $n$.
Any character of ${\mathbf R}/{\mathbf Z}$ can be pulled back to a character of ${\mathbf R}$ by composing with the canonical map ${\mathbf R} \rightarrow {\mathbf R}/{\mathbf Z}$. Let $\chi' \colon {\mathbf R} \rightarrow {\mathbf T}$ be the resulting character of ${\mathbf R}$, i.e., $\chi'(x) = \chi(x \bmod {\mathbf Z})$. All continuous homomorphisms ${\mathbf R} \rightarrow {\mathbf T}$ have the form $x \mapsto e^{2\pi ixy}$ for some real number $y$. Accepting this for a moment, we'd have $\chi'(x) = e^{2\pi ixy}$ for some $y$. Thus $\chi(x \bmod {\mathbf Z}) = e^{2\pi ixy}$. Taking $x = 1$, we get $1 = e^{2\pi iy}$. Therefore $y$ is an integer. Writing $y$ as $n$, for psychological purposes, $\chi(x \bmod {\mathbf Z}) = e^{2\pi inx}$ for an integer $n$, which is what you wanted.
Our task now is to compute the characters of ${\mathbf R}$. For this I like the method from Conway's "A Course in Functional Analysis". For any continuous homomorphism $\gamma \colon {\mathbf R} \rightarrow {\mathbf T}$, we want to show $\gamma(x) = e^{2\pi ixy}$ for some real number $y$. We will use differential equations. Because $\gamma(0) = 1$, by continuity $\int_0^a \gamma(t)dt \approx a$ for small positive $a$, so $\int_0^a\gamma(t)dt \not= 0$ for an appropriate $a$. Fixing such $a$, for all real $x$ we have $$\int_x^{x+a} \gamma(t)dt = \int_0^a \gamma(t+x)dt = \int_0^a \gamma(t)\gamma(x)dt = \gamma(x)\int_0^a \gamma(t)dt.$$ Therefore $$ \gamma(x) = \frac{\int_x^{x+a} \gamma(t)dt}{\int_0^a\gamma(t)dt}. $$ The right side, by the fundamental theorem of calculus, is a differentiable function of $x$, and therefore $$ \gamma'(x) = \frac{\gamma(x+a) - \gamma(x)}{\int_0^a\gamma(t)dt} = \frac{\gamma(a)-1}{\int_0^a\gamma(t)dt}\gamma(x), $$ so $\gamma'(x) = s\gamma(x)$ for a complex number $s$. By the theory of ODE, $\gamma(x) = Ce^{sx}$. Since $\gamma(0) = 1$, we have $C = 1$, so $\gamma(x) = e^{sx}$. Since $|\gamma(x)| = 1$, we have $e^{{\rm Re}(s)x} = 1$ for all real $x$, so ${\rm Re}(s) = 0$. Write $s = 2\pi iy$ for a real number $y$ and we're done.
I don't think you're going to find a 2-line proof of the computation of the character group of ${\mathbf R}/{\mathbf Z}$ or ${\mathbf R}$ because you need to get exponential functions from somewhere. Above we get them from our knowledge of solutions to the most basic first-order ODE, and to bring in an ODE we needed a clever idea to see that the a priori continuous function $\gamma$ is in fact differentiable.
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Excuse me if I am being too naive: Is not this saying the representation of $S_{1}$ to $S_{1}$ is isomorphic to the integers? – Kerry Feb 25 '12 at 21:42
_USER_: you are not being too naive. The continuous homomorphisms from the unit circle to itself are the power maps $z \mapsto z^n$ for integers $n$, which compose with each other the same way that integers add (in the exponent), so the dual group of the unit circle is the integers. – KConrad Feb 25 '12 at 23:10
If you allow Stone-Weierstrass, all you need is that the "finite trigonometric polynomials" (= Laurent polynomials = finite linear combinations of $e^{2\pi i n x}$) constitute a $\bf C$-algebra of continuous functions on the circle that separates points and is closed under complex conjugations. "Separates points" is easy because $e^{2\pi i x}$ already separates points, and "closed under conjugation" is immediate. You can handle the $d$-torus the same way, using the fact that the $e^{2\pi i x_j}$ together already separate points. – Noam D. Elkies Feb 25 '12 at 23:34
_USER_: Thanks, this is very clear. – Kerry Feb 26 '12 at 5:55
_USER_-grade83: Use orthogonality of characters. Any character $\chi$ is uniformly approximable by a linear combination of the $e^{2\pi i k}$. If $\chi$ were not itself one of the $e^{2\pi i k}$ then $\chi$ would be orthogonal to functions arbitrarily close to itself, which is a contradiction. Likewise on the $d$-torus, with "$k$" interpreted as an element of ${\bf Z}^d$ rather than ${\bf Z}$. – Noam D. Elkies Feb 27 '12 at 3:52
You can read off a simple proof from Section VII.2 of Bourbaki's General Topology Part 2. Roughly, the proof goes as follows. Let $\mathbb{T}:=\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$, then any continuous homomorphism $\mathbb{T}^m\to\mathbb{T}^n$ lifts to a continuous homomorphism $\mathbb{R}^m\to\mathbb R^n$ which then is linear and maps $\mathbb{Z}^m$ into $\mathbb{Z}^n$.
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In my setting the dual group of $G$ is the group of continuous homomorphisms $G \to \mathbb{T}^\times$, where $\mathbb{T}^\times = \{z \in \mathbb{C} : |z| = 1 \}$ is the circle group. So if I understand you say that if $\chi \in \widehat{\mathbb{T}^d}$ then I can extend $\chi$ to a continuous homomorphism $\chi^\prime : \mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}$. But I don't know how to do this, however I know how extend $\chi$ to a continuous homomorphism $\chi^\prime : \mathbb{


text:
| || || |
About usModelling and Simulation
Research and Development
Standards and Methods
| ||Galileo Engineering Tool Environment(ETE)|
The Engineering Tool Environment (ETE) is a key element for the Galileo Ground Mission Segment (GMS) design & verification activities and in particular for the following objectives:
The purpose of the Engineering Tool environment (ETE) is therefore to provide a set of tools representative of the GMS actual elements and environment so as to provide a representative simulation & design platform.
The ETE implements the following major functions:
- GMS algorithm design,
- GMS algorithm performance assessment,
- Support to Element & GMS AIV,
- GMS algorithm performance verification & qualification.
The ETE includes the following algorithm prototypes (E- experimental) :
- Generation of simulated GSS (Ground Sensor Station) Raw data,
- Exercise of the GMS performance algorithm prototypes (OSPF, IPF, OAT),
- GSS Raw data & Algorithm prototypes performance analysis,
- Data configuration management.
The RDG (Raw Data Generator) component, inside the ETE, will allow to generate raw data as ETE input.
The E-PAT (Performance Assessment Tool), early issue of the PAT tools included in the Galileo MCF(Mission Control Facility) element, allows the analysis of
either the RDG data, either the algorithm prototype results.
The E-DSF component is in charge of data management inside the ETE, process scheduling
- E-OSPF (Orbit & Synchronisation platform), prototype of the OSPF element algorithm,
- E-IPF (Integrity Platform), prototype of the IPF element algorithm,
- E-OAT (Orbit Assessment Tool), prototype of MSF (Mission Support Facility) element algorithm.
Last update: 30 August 2006
| || |


text:
|About us | Contact us |Site Map|
Detailed structure and explanatory notes
ISIC Rev.4 code 9412Structure
This class includes:
- activities of organizations whose members' interests centre chiefly on a particular scientific discipline, professional practice or technical field, such as medical associations, legal associations, accounting associations, engineering associations, architects associations etc.
- activities of associations of specialists engaged in cultural activities, such as associations of writers, painters, performers of various kinds, journalists etc.
- dissemination of information, the establishment and supervision of standards of practice, representation before government agencies and public relations of professional organizations
This class also includes:
- activities of learned societies
This class excludes:
- education provided by these organizations, see division 85
Click here for complete correspondences for this code.
Would you like to leave some feedback?
(on this code, this classification, the site in general or any other issue)
Then drop us a line at _EMAIL_.


Next:, Previous:, Up: Defining Commands [Contents][Index]
20.2.3 Examples of Using interactive
Here are some examples of interactive:
(defun foo1 () ; foo1 takes no arguments,
 (interactive) ; just moves forward two words.
 (forward-word 2))
 ⇒ foo1
(defun foo2 (n) ; foo2 takes one argument,
 (interactive "^p") ; which is the numeric prefix.
 ; under shift-select-mode,
 ; will activate or extend region.
 (forward-word (* 2 n)))
 ⇒ foo2
(defun foo3 (n) ; foo3 takes one argument,
 (interactive "nCount:") ; which is read with the Minibuffer.
 (forward-word (* 2 n)))
 ⇒ foo3
(defun three-b (b1 b2 b3)
 "Select three existing buffers.
Put them into three windows, selecting the last one."
 (interactive "bBuffer1:\nbBuffer2:\nbBuffer3:")
 (split-window (selected-window) 8)
 (switch-to-buffer b1)
 (other-window 1)
 (split-window (selected-window) 8)
 (switch-to-buffer b2)
 (other-window 1)
 (switch-to-buffer b3))
 ⇒ three-b
(three-b "*scratch*" "declarations.texi" "*mail*")
 ⇒ nil


text:
Project focus areas
TTCI has developed a research approach under the Association of American Railroads' Strategic Research Initiative (SRI) Program that focuses on three areas of study to identify defective castings before in-service failures occur: (1) defining the stress environment and current performance of truck castings, (2) developing nondestructive inspection (NDI) methods, and (3) determining the quality of Grade B+ material. The stress environment and NDI methods were selected as the first areas of study based on feedback from railroad members. The following list details the approach used by TTCI to define the stress environment and performance of truck castings in this environment:
- Identify critical stress areas in bolsters and side frames using finite element (FE) analysis.
- Estimate the bolster and side frame stress environment using available revenue service load environment data.
- Estimate the fatigue life of castings with and without surface defects.
Once the critical stress areas of the castings were identified, a parallel effort began to review NDI technologies capable of inspecting large truck castings for defects that could potentially lead to failure.
The final area of research, focusing on the quality of Grade B+ material, is ongoing at TTCI. A thorough survey of Grade B+ material is being completed under a joint effort between the Federal Railroad Administration and the SRI program.
The first step in the development of the FE and fatigue models was to generate solid models that were representative of the S-2-HD bolster and sideframe castings. To understand the variance in stress based on component design, three manufacturers were chosen for the analysis.
Solid models for each manufacturer were engineered using laser-scanning technology. Once the solid models were constructed, they were imported into an FE analysis software package and meshed with over one million elements each. An analysis was completed with the castings in the "As-manufactured" condition for three different load conditions. The results of the analysis defined the critical stress areas in each casting. After critical stress areas and nominal stress levels were identified under various load conditions, simulated defects were placed into the models, and the changes in stress levels in the critical areas were observed. Fatigue analyses were completed for a total of six S-2-HD bolster and sideframe castings with and without defects using stress data from the FE analysis, strain data collected from revenue service, and mechanical test data for Grade B+ material gathered from a literature review.
All of the reported fatigue life estimates assume component life until crack initiation. Crack growth analysis was not included in this study. Results from the FE analysis show that the highest stresses were found in the brake rod hole and transition area for the bolster and the pedestal jaw radius and spring nest radius for the side frame (Figure 1). The FE results also indicate that when defects are present in the critical stress areas, high localized stresses are observed that are above the yield strength of the material. Figure 2 is an example of an FE model result for a bolster, highlighting the critical stress areas and the stress concentrations around a gouge type defect.
The results of the stress/fatigue analysis indicate that when defects are present in critical stress areas, a reduction in component stress is necessary to improve the overall fatigue performance of the S-2-HD bolster and sideframe castings. Figure 3 shows the fatigue life estimates for all manufacturers' bolsters and side frames when defects are present. The estimates show that only a few cases meet or exceed the target life of 1.5 million loaded miles (red dotted line) when defects are present in critical stress areas. The data also indicates that some designs may be more susceptible to fatigue damage than others.
Nondestructive inspection procedures
In addition to the FE/fatigue analysis, TTCI investigated various NDI methods to determine if they are capable of reliably inspecting sideframes and bolsters. The NDI methods evaluated included dry and wet (fluorescent) magnetic particle (MP), liquid penetrant, alcohol wipe, visual, ultrasonic (pulse-echo and phased array), and radiography. Field evaluations showed that using a MP inspection technique was the best candidate for field application. TTCI used the results of the field evaluations to provide a draft recommendation to the AAR's Coupling Systems and Truck Castings Committee for review and implementation.
The final research area is focused on the quality of Grade B+ material. FRA recently has joined efforts with the AAR's SRI program to conduct a thorough survey of cast material from a wide range of manufacturers and foundries. Under the FRA program, mechanical test data (tensile, Charpy, and dynamic tear) will be collected from seven different foundries. All samples will be removed from the critical stress areas of the castings. Results from the testing will enable TTCI engineers to determine the current state of material quality and develop a set of recommendations for improvements in Grade B+ metallurgy.


text:
The Superhero Database Classification number, or SHDB Class, is a number that represents the overall 'power' of a character. All traits of a character are used for calculating the Classification.
What it DOESN'T mean
This doesn't mean that a higher class would always beat a lower class character. But the bigger the difference in Class is, the more obvious it is who'll win in a fight.
How is this calculated
( INT^1.3 + (STR*0.5 )^2 + (SPE*0.5)^2 + DUR^1.6 + (POW + (SPS*SPL))^2 + COM^1.8 ) ^ TIER
Super Power Score and Level
Every Super Power has a score (SPS) that is used to calculate the Class. Each Super Power also has 3 levels (SPL). The level is set when connecting that Super Power to a character. The level determines the final score, of the Super Power, being used in the calculation.


text:
Loading a Brush (abr file) using Photoshop CS or Creative Cloud:
1.) open your brush pallete
2.) in the upper right hand corner you will see either a triangle or a symbol that looks like a flower (depends on what version you are using).
3.) click on this icon and a menu will appear. Click "load brush."
4.) choose that brush you would like from your computer. The brush will be in ABR format
Scroll down for a video tutorial


text:
Introduction: Paraquat is a commonly ingested poison especially in Southern India. There is no antidote for paraquat poison and consumption is often fatal. The usual cause of death is either acute lung injury or multi-organ failure. Aim: To evaluate the role of early haemoperfusion as a therapy in paraquat poisoned patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to a Tertiary Medical College Hospital between January 2012 and December 2015 with history of paraquat consumption, comparing outcomes in those who received only gastric lavage and symptomatic treatment with those who received haemoperfusion as a therapy. The role of early haemoperfusion (≤ 6 hours) vs late haemoperfusion (> 6 hours) in paraquat poisoned patients was also compared. The data of these patients was extracted and analysed with respect to age, sex, mode of treatment, the outcome in patients who received early and late haemoperfusion. results: A total of 101 patients were studied out of which 62 died. Deaths were more in those patients who received only gastric lavage with symptomatic treatment as therapy compared to those who received haemoperfusion i.e., 92.1% vs 42.9% respectively. We also found that, the survival rate was better in patients who received early haemoperfusion. conclusion: Early haemoperfusion was helpful in the management of severe paraquat poisoning and improved the survival rate in these patients.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Clinical Biochemistry


Why are these the Softest Blankets Ever?
Mink blankets, commonly referred to as "faux mink" blankets or "faux fur" blankets, are not what their name implies. They have nothing to do with real mink fur, or any other fur for that matter. Instead, every mink blanket or mink throw, is made out of some sort of synthetic material, primarily acrylic. The typical make-up of a mink blanket or throw is 85% acrylic and l5% polyester. The acrylic supplies the "softness" while the polyester keeps the mink blanket or throw blanket from wrinkling.


text:
Let's start at the very beginning! Introduce your toddler to music through our class of rhythm games, sing-alongs, coloring activities and playing instruments like shakers and rhythm sticks! By the end of this 8 week session, your little one will develop the skills to begin to read music and play simple rhythms.
Parents and guardians are welcome, but not required, to stay and observe; participation is for children only.
DATES: Tuesdays November 2 – December 21 (Please note these dates have changed since previously published.)
TIMES: 10:15am – 11am OR 11:15am – 12pm
LOCATION: Elefante Music 1790 Springfield Ave, New Providence NJ
MEET THE INSTRUCTOR
Stefanie Santoro studied at the John J. Cali School of Music at Montclair State University and studies flute with Judith Mendenhall, principal flautist of the American Ballet Theater. Stefanie is a founding member of Les Non Triolets, a trio featuring flute, double bass, and piano that performs a variety of music from classical to jazz. Stefanie is an instructor of flute, voice, and piano at Elefante Music.


TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY ® • TODAYINSCI ®
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Today in Science History - Quickie Quiz
Who said: "I have no satisfaction in formulas unless I feel their arithmetical magnitude."
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Home > Category Index for Science Quotations > Category Index K > Category: Kinetic
Kinetic Quotes (12 quotes)
As the nineteenth century drew to a close, scientists could reflect with satisfaction that they had pinned down most of the mysteries of the physical world: electricity, magnetism, gases, optics, acoustics, kinetics and statistical mechanics … all had fallen into order before them. They had discovered the X ray, the cathode ray, the electron, and radioactivity, invented the ohm, the watt, the Kelvin, the joule, the amp, and the little erg.
A Short History of Nearly Everything. In Clifford A. Pickover, Archimedes to Hawking: Laws of Science and the Great Minds Behind Them (2008), 172.
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Engineering is the science of economy, of conserving the energy, kinetic and potential, provided and stored up by nature for the use of man. It is the business of engineering to utilize this energy to the best advantage, so that there may be the least possible waste.
(1908). Quoted, without source, in Appendix A, 'Some Definitions of Engineering' in Theodore Jesse Hoover and John Charles Lounsbury Fish, The Engineering Profession (1941), 463.
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I am now convinced that we have recently become possessed of experimental evidence of the discrete or grained nature of matter, which the atomic hypothesis sought in vain for hundreds and thousands of years. The isolation and counting of gaseous ions, on the one hand, which have crowned with success the long and brilliant researches of J.J. Thomson, and, on the other, agreement of the Brownian movement with the requirements of the kinetic hypothesis, established by many investigators and most conclusively by J. Perrin, justify the most cautious scientist in now speaking of the experimental proof of the atomic nature of matter, The atomic hypothesis is thus raised to the position of a scientifically well-founded theory, and can claim a place in a text-book intended for use as an introduction to the present state of our knowledge of General Chemistry.
In Grundriss der allgemeinen Chemie (4th ed., 1909), Preface, as cited by Erwin N. Hiebert and Hans-Gunther Korber in article on Ostwald in Charles Coulston Gillespie (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography Supplement 1, Vol 15-16, 464.
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I think a strong claim can be made that the process of scientific discovery may be regarded as a form of art. This is best seen in the theoretical aspects of Physical Science. The mathematical theorist builds up on certain assumptions and according to well understood logical rules, step by step, a stately edifice, while his imaginative power brings out clearly the hidden relations between its parts. A well constructed theory is in some respects undoubtedly an artistic production. A fine example is the famous Kinetic Theory of Maxwell. ... The theory of relativity by Einstein, quite apart from any question of its validity, cannot but be regarded as a magnificent work of art.
Responding to the toast, 'Science!' at the Royal Academy of the Arts in 1932.)
Quoted in Lawrence Badash, 'Ernest Rutherford and Theoretical Physics,' in Robert Kargon and Peter Achinstein (eds.) Kelvin's Baltimore Lectures and Modern Theoretical Physics: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives (1987), 352.
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In the discussion of the. energies involved in the deformation of nuclei, the concept of surface tension of nuclear matter has been used and its value had been estimated from simple considerations regarding nuclear forces. It must be remembered, however, that the surface tension of a charged droplet is diminished by its charge, and a rough estimate shows that the surface tension of nuclei, decreasing with increasing nuclear charge, may become zero for atomic numbers of the order of 100. It seems therefore possible that the uranium nucleus has only small stability of form, and may, after neutron capture, divide itself into two nuclei of roughly equal size (the precise ratio of sizes depending on liner structural features and perhaps partly on chance). These two nuclei will repel each other and should gain a total kinetic energy of c. 200 Mev., as calculated from nuclear radius and charge. This amount of energy may actually be expected to be available from the difference in packing fraction between uranium and the elements in the middle of the periodic system. The whole 'fission' process can thus be described in an essentially classical way, without having to consider quantum-mechanical 'tunnel effects', which would actually be extremely small, on account of the large masses involved.
[Co-author with Otto Robert Frisch]
Lise Meitner and O. R. Frisch, 'Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction', Nature (1939), 143, 239.
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text:
The Jaws of Life are actually a set of rescue tools
made by several different companies. This includes Hurst (who hold the trademark for Jaws of Life), Amkest, and others.
These tools are hydraulic powered, and have many different uses. There are four main types of tools:
- Spreaders - Used to open doors by applying an unbelievable amount of pressure to the door to pop the Nader pin. We usually can open a door in under a minute with them. They are also used to do an emergency dash roll (discussed below)
- Cutters - These are used to, well, cut things. Generally these are used when opening the door is either not feasable, or would not provide enough access. We would then cut the door posts, and take the roof off to access the patient.
- Combination tools - these tools have both spreaders and cutters built in to them. Good for departments with not a lot of room on their fire trucks.
- Rams - These are used to push things. Generally we would use these if someones legs were trapped under the dash. We would put one end in the corner of the door, and extend the other until it push the dash as far as we needed it to go (or as far as the tool will let us).
Besides Hydraulic tools, there are a myriad of hand tools
that can be used. For example, a crash axe
has a point and axe on one end, and a can-opener looking contraption on the other. Generally we can take the roof off of a car with a crash-axe, a metal hand-saw, and a jar of dish soap in the time it takes them to set up the hydraulic tools.
We have also used the tools to assist the sheriff's office with forcing entry into a house, for tearing down a swingset, and other rescues.


BIOL 225 - Ornithology - Introduction to the Biology of Birds
This second-year course will provide a practical introduction to the subject of ornithology, the biology of birds. In one three-hour combined lecture and lab per week, students will learn about 1) the evolution of birds and the incredible array of avian morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations, 2) current research and issues in avian ecology and conservation, 3) methods used by researchers in the field of avian biology, and 4) identification of birds by sight and sound, with an emphasis on species found in the Yukon.
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and 102.
No scheduled sessions


EasyOPOA Framework API
EasyOPOA Easy uphold the core idea of the framework, in order to ensure the developer-friendly, API is very simple, only a limited number of storm drain functional API.
EasyOPOA Framework API is divided into two categories:
1. OPOA instance (OPOA Instance) defined attributes（Total 12）
Create OPOA instance property API.
EasyOPOA action instances as a framework to Hash core, OPOA example is composed of three elements Hash action instances (hash, url, OPOAInstance) one.
2. EasyOPOA Framework API（Total 14）
System-level global API.
1、OPOA instance (OPOA Instance) defined attributes
In OPOA procedure, each action corresponds to a triggering need OPOA instance, a plurality of operation may correspond to the same instance OPOA. During loading, you must create OPOA instances in advance.
OPOA Examples (OPOA Instance) is one example of a part of the Hash operation. Defined when the action is executed, the request url loaded, rendering and detail the parameters of the page.
A OPOA instance object contains 12 pages with Ajax requests and rendering related properties: actions, show, hash, url, find, notfound, method, pushHash, prevent, actionMaps, urlErrors, loading. Part of the property has a default value, according to the definition of need or modify the properties. If you need to modify the OPOA global default definition, refer to EasyOPOA.Configs parameter.
2. EasyOPOA Framework API
EasyOPOA framework open 14 system-level global API.
END


text:
gobbler (plural gobblers)
- (slang) A turkey.
- One who eats food very quickly, without decorum.
- My dog is such a gobbler: she can empty her food dish in less than a minute.
one who eats quickly
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.


text:
a # self-signed certificate using the req command. ############################################################ [ user_extensions ] # CA:FALSE will not permit this certificate to sign other # certificates. basicConstraints = CA:FALSE [ CA_extensions ] # CA:TRUE will allow this certificate to sign others. basicConstraints = CA:TRUE
There are quite a few things to note about this file. First, note that
comment blocks divide it into logical sections. In this sample, those sections
[ ca ], the configuration for the
ca (Certificate Authority) command;
[ req ], the section containing
items to include in a certificate request with the
and finally, a section defining some extensions. We only include one extension
and assign it two different values depending on the certificate that we are
Our self-signed CA certificate will include the extension
basicConstraints = CA:TRUE. This allows a Certificate Authority to
use the certificate to sign other certificates. When we issue certificates to
users, we will use the extension
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE,
denying users the ability to create subordinate certificates and thereby extend the
chain of trust beyond our control.
The start of the
[ ca ] section defines the directory
hierarchy. This lets the OpenSSL library know where to find important files,
and the definitions here should be clear. The assignment
= user_extensions adds the extensions defined in the
user_extensions ] section to any certificates signed by this CA. As
explained before, the only extension we will include is
basicConstraints, which was explained previously. Next come the
definitions of the certificate request subject's name-matching policy and
Distinguished Name structure.
[ policy ] section defines the Distinguished Name
components to allow in certificate requests. To understand this, we need to
describe the encoding of subject names in X.509 certificates.
X.509 certificates encode subject names in a structure called a
Distinguished Name (DN)--a sequence of name components called
Relative Distinguished Names (RDNs). This naming structure comes from
a complex specification for methods and syntaxes defining communication between
computer programs as seen in RFC
1274, which gives the attribute definitions for the DN components that we
will use in our certificates. The
[ policy ] section specifies
which RDNs or DN components must appear in a certificate
request and which of these components must match the subject DN
in the CA certificate prior to signing. Here, we have configured our CA to
encode a subject's DN as follows:
organizationNamepart that matches our CA certificate exactly--
In our application, we will try to be consistent and issue user certificates
commonName component that matches the user's login ID, but
OpenSSL will not enforce this.
The next section, labeled
[ req ], contains default configuration
values for the
req command. We will use this command to create
certificate requests. The
default_keyfile definitions set the length of the private key and
its location in the file system. More interesting here is the
req_distinguished_name ] section, which defines default values for the
RDN components that will make up our subject's Distinguished Name. Here we
define the prompts that will appear at the terminal when we execute the
req command. We assign a default value to our
Inyo Technical Services.
Finally, the assignment
x509_extensions = CA_extensions includes
the extension defined in the
[ CA_extensions ] section in a
This extension assignment is similar to that in the
[ ca ]
section. The difference here is that these extensions will appear only in
certificate requests, while extensions in the
[ user_extensions ]
section will appear in a certificate signed by our CA. By default, if an
extension is present in a certificate request but does not appear in the
[ user_extensions ] section, then the extension will not
be present in the issued certificate. The extension
CA:TRUE will only appear in the certificate when we use the
req command with the
-x509 option to create a
self-signed root certificate.
With the master configuration file taken care of we can now set up the directory structure to hold our CA. We choose a suitable location and make our directories and initialize the serial file.
[admin@tamarack admin]$ mkdir CA-DB [admin@tamarack admin]$ cd CA-DB [admin@tamarack CA-DB]$ mkdir crl [admin@tamarack CA-DB]$ mkdir newcerts [admin@tamarack CA-DB]$ mkdir private [admin@tamarack CA-DB]$ echo "01" > serial [admin@tamarack CA-DB]$ touch index.txt [admin@tamarack CA-DB]$
Notice that we seed the file serial with the first serial number. As we issue certificates, the number stored in this file will automatically increment so each certificate will receive a unique serial number. The file index.txt will record all certificates issued. Records in this file will map the subject DN in a certificate to its assigned serial number. Using index.txt, we can look up the serial number for any certificate using the subject's DN. This will become important when we decide that we need to revoke a certificate and need to find the original.
As defined in the configuration file, the new_certs_dir will hold copies of all certificates issued by this CA. The filenames for these certificates will consist of the serial number assigned to the certificate by the CA followed by an extension.
With the directory structure in place, we can create our self-signed root certificate. This certificate will sit at the top of our trust hierarchy. We will use it to sign all of the rest. For our tutorial, we will only use a single layer of trust, but a more robust design would probably use more.
[admin@tamarack CA-DB]$ openssl req -new -x509 -keyout \ > private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key...................................................... writing new private key to 'private/cakey.pem' Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase: ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Organization Name (eg, company) [Inyo Technical Services]: Organizational Unit (eg, west) : Common Name (eg, YOUR name) :Root CA [admin@tamarack CA-DB]$
Note: here and in the code examples that follow, the output has been reformatted to a maximum width of 60 characters.
To clarify some potential confusion, the
-x509 option will
req command to output a self-signed certificate rather
than a certificate request. We will only use this option with the
req command one time when we create our root certificate.
Next, we create a certificate request for the OpenVPN server endpoint
installed on our local network. Note that we use the
argument. This prevents the private key generated with the request from being
encrypted and password-protected. We will need to guard the key carefully
because of this. We don't password protect this one private key because later
we may want to start our OpenVPN server automatically at boot time when there
is no interactive user available to supply the password. We could enter the
password into the boot script itself, but that would sort of defeat the purpose
of having a password in the first place. Physical security (such as locking the
door to the server room) is the best way to protect this non-encrypted private
[admin@tamarack admin]$ openssl req -new -nodes -keyout \ > vpnkey.pem -out vpncert-req.pem Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key........................................................ writing new private key to 'vpnkey.pem' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Organization Name (eg, company) [Inyo Technical Services]: Organizational Unit (eg, west) : Common Name (eg, YOUR name) :vpn.inyotech.com [admin@tamarack admin]$
Now we digitally sign the server certificate using the root certificate we created initially. OpenSSL will retrieve the location of the root certificate from the configuration file, which is why it does not appear as a argument on the command line. This command will update the files serial and index.txt when it completes.
[admin@tamarack admin]$ openssl ca -out vpncert.pem \ > -in vpncert-req.pem Using configuration from /home/admin/install/openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for /home/admin/CA-DB/private/cakey.pem: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows organizationName :PRINTABLE:'Inyo Technical Services' commonName :PRINTABLE:'vpn.inyotech.com' Certificate is to be certified until Aug 18 22:50:07 2005 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated [admin@tamarack admin]$
After creating the server certificate, we can create certificates for all of
the clients to whom we want to give VPN access


text:
Water Clan Petroglyph Hopi Pendant, by Berra Tawahongva
Berra bases the designs of many of his pendants on petroglyphs and rock art of the Hopi Mesas; this one is a special example of the importance of clouds, rain, and the growth of crops.
- 2 inches length
- 1 inch at widest
- bale opening 1/4 inch at widest
Berra Tawahongva, Hopi, Arizona


text:
Tejas, the son of Maharashtra CM, discovers new species of lizards
Maha CM's son, Tejas, discovers new species of lizards
Tejas Thackeray, younger son of Maharashtra Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray, and his team have discovered a new species of Sakleshwar lizard in the west-central ghats of neighboring Karnataka.
According to a statement published here, the large-bodied cnemaspis (a genus of day geckos) they discovered is a "dwarf gecko", adding that the new species is allied to cnemaspis heteropholis bauer and differs in size.
Akshay Khandekar, lead author of a paper prepared by the four-member team, said the new species of gecko was discovered in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.
The article was published in the renowned international peer-reviewed scientific journal Zootaxa, he said.


Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Camassa–Holm, Korteweg–de Vries and related models for water waves
R. S. JOHNSON a1
a1 Department of Mathematics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Abstract
In this paper we first describe the current method for obtaining the Camassa–Holm equation in the context of water waves; this requires a detour via the Green–Naghdi model equations, although the important connection with classical (Korteweg–de Vries) results is included. The assumptions underlying this derivation are described and their roles analysed. (The critical assumptions are, (i) the simplified structure through the depth of the water leading to the Green–Naghdi equations, and, (ii) the choice of submanifold in the Hamiltonian representation of the Green–Naghdi equations. The first of these turns out to be unimportant because the Green–Naghdi equations can be obtained directly from the full equations, if quantities averaged over the depth are considered. However, starting from the Green–Naghdi equations precludes, from the outset, any role for the variation of the flow properties with depth; we shall show that this variation is significant. The second assumption is inconsistent with the governing equations.)
Returning to the full equations for the water-wave problem, we retain both parameters (amplitude, [varepsilon], and shallowness, δ) and then seek a solution as an asymptotic expansion valid for, [varepsilon] [rightward arrow] 0, δ [rightward arrow] 0, independently. Retaining terms O([varepsilon]), O2) and O([varepsilon]δ2), the resulting equation for the horizontal velocity component, evaluated at a specific depth, is a Camassa–Holm equation. Some properties of this equation, and how these relate to the surface wave, are described; the role of this special depth is discussed. The validity of the equation is also addressed; it is shown that the Camassa–Holm equation may not be uniformly valid: on suitably short length scales (measured by δ) other terms become important (resulting in a higher-order Korteweg–de Vries equation, for example). Finally, we indicate how our derivation can be extended to other scenarios; in particular, as an example, we produce a two-dimensional Camassa–Holm equation for water waves.
(Received July 14 2000)
(Revised June 22 2001)
Metrics


text:
Many older people are discovering the benefits of using computers and the Internet.
Older people and the Internet
Older people may not have used the Internet much at work or home, but they may have seen their family or friends get real value and fun out of being online. Some really useful things for older people include:
catching up with news and information
keeping in touch with families and friends
learning new skills and subjects
even helping their grandchildren with homework research
Googling is good for the ageing brain
There is interesting research to suggest that using the Internet and Google searching is good for you, see research on the benefit of computer use by older people*.
In May each year, Hampshire runs introduction to the Internet sessions across the County, in many Libraries, Schools and Community Centres.
Useful information for older people
* Hampshire County Council is not responsible for the content of external websites.
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text:
Formulasi Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat sebagai Oil Well Cleaning
Mulideas, Vini Virdiana
MetadataShow full item record
Oil productivity reduction may be due to plugging in the oil rock formations. The plugging may be caused by the deposition of paraffin, asphaltene, and scale. Problem caused by the presence of the precipitate is the rock formation can be oil wet so that oil permeability decreases. The problem can be solved by well cleaning technique with surfactant formula. Surfactant MES is a type of anionic surfactant which has ability to lower the interfcial tension, surface tension, and able to change the properties of rock from oil wet to become water wet. Surfactant MES formula for well cleaning requires carrier agent. In this study, diesel oil and metil ester were used as carrying agent. Aromatic solvents were also needed. Xylene and toluene has ability to dissolve asphaltene that deposites in formation. Surfaktan formulation for well cleaning was done with several stages, those are determine the SMES concentration and aromatic solvents concentration. Surfactant performance tests for oil well cleaning were thermal stability, phase behavior, and wettability. The surfactant formula which gave the best performance was SMES 3% in metil ester carrying agent with xylene 15% as additive.


text:
Shark-infested spelling makes an irresistible learning game for kids age 6 and up! Word Pirates combines spelling and logic in a game fun for adults and kids. To play, each pirate takes a turn rolling letter dice and making a word out of the letters. The goal is to build a pathway of words from the starting point to the center of the board containing pirate treasure--without getting eaten by a shark. The game is similar to Scrabble®, in that players can build off of each other's words. Players practice strategy-making, because they can plot to block their enemies' paths with rock walls.
One reviewer says award-winning Word Pirates is great for a family game night, because the "randomness of the letters rolled levels the playing field between adults and children."
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD--Small parts. Not for children younger than three years.


Worker Resources
Access to scarce resources like memory, GPUs, or special hardware may constrain how many of certain tasks can run on particular machines.
For example, we may have a cluster with ten computers, four of which have two GPUs each. We may have a thousand tasks, a hundred of which require a GPU and ten of which require two GPUs at once. In this case we want to balance tasks across the cluster with these resource constraints in mind, allocating GPU-constrained tasks to GPU-enabled workers. Additionally we need to be sure to constrain the number of GPU tasks that run concurrently on any given worker to ensure that we respect the provided limits.
This situation arises not only for GPUs but for many resources like tasks that require a large amount of memory at runtime, special disk access, or access to special hardware. Dask allows you to specify abstract arbitrary resources to constrain how your tasks run on your workers. Dask does not model these resources in any particular way (Dask does not know what a GPU is) and it is up to the user to specify resource availability on workers and resource demands on tasks.
Example
We consider a computation where we load data from many files, process each one with a function that requires a GPU, and then aggregate all of the intermediate results with a task that takes up 70GB of memory.
We operate on a three-node cluster that has two machines with two GPUs each and one machine with 100GB of RAM.
When we set up our cluster we define resources per worker:
dask-worker scheduler:8786 --resources "GPU=2"
dask-worker scheduler:8786 --resources "GPU=2"
dask-worker scheduler:8786 --resources "MEMORY=100e9"
When we submit tasks to the cluster we specify constraints per task
from distributed import Client
client = Client('scheduler:8786')
data = [client.submit(load, fn) for fn in filenames]
processed = [client.submit(process, d, resources={'GPU': 1}) for d in data]
final = client.submit(aggregate, processed, resources={'MEMORY': 70e9})
Equivalently, we can specify resource constraints using the dask annotations machinery:
with dask.annotate(resources={'GPU': 1}):
 processed = [client.submit(process, d) for d in data]
with dask.annotate(resources={'MEMORY': 70e9}):
 final = client.submit(aggregate, processed)
Specifying Resources
Resources can be specifed in several ways. The easiest option will depend on exactly how your cluster is being created.
From the command line
Resources can be provided when starting the worker process, as shown above:
dask-worker scheduler:8786 --resources "GPU=2"
The keys are used as the resource name and the values are parsed into a numeric value.
From Dask's configuration system
Alternatively, resources can be specified using Dask's configuration system.
from distributed import LocalCluster
with dask.config.set({"distributed.worker.resources.GPU": 2}):
 cluster = LocalCluster()
The configuration will need to be set in the process that's spawning the actual worker. This might be easiest to achieve by specifying resources as an environment variable (shown in the next section).
From environment variables
Like any other Dask config value, resources can be specified as environment variables before starting the process. Using Bash syntax
$ DASK_DISTRIBUTED__WORKER__RESOURCES__GPU=2 dask-worker
...
This might be the easiest solution if you aren't able to pass options to the distributed.Worker class.
Resources are applied separately to each worker process
If you are using dask-worker --nprocs <nprocs> the resource will be applied separately to each of the nprocs worker processes. Suppose you have 2 GPUs on your machine, if you want to use two worker processes, you have 1 GPU per worker process so you need to do something like this:
dask-worker scheduler:8786 --nprocs 2 --resources "GPU=1"
Here is an example that illustrates how to use resources to ensure each task is run inside a separate process, which is useful to execute non thread-safe tasks or tasks that uses multithreading internally:
dask-worker scheduler:8786 --nprocs 3 --nthreads 2 --resources "process=1"
With the code below, there will be at most 3 tasks running concurrently and each task will run in a separate process:
from distributed import Client
client = Client('scheduler:8786')
futures = [client.submit(non_thread_safe_function, arg,
 resources={'process': 1}) for arg in args]
Resources are Abstract
Resources listed in this way are just abstract quantities. We could equally well have used terms "mem", "memory", "bytes" etc. above because, from Dask's perspective, this is just an abstract term. You can choose any term as long as you are consistent across workers and clients.
It's worth noting that Dask separately track number of cores and available memory as actual resources and uses these in normal scheduling operation.
Resources with collections
You can also use resources with Dask collections, like arrays, dataframes, and delayed objects. You can annotate operations on collections with specific resources that should be required perform the computation using the dask annotations machinery.
x = dd.read_csv(...)
with dask.annotate(resources={'GPU': 1}):
 y = x.map_partitions(func1)
z = y.map_partitions(func2)
z.compute(optimize_graph=False)
In most cases (such as the case above) the annotations for y may be lost during graph optimization before execution. You can avoid that by passing the optimize_graph=False keyword.


text:
In December, the Guardian UK website posted the questions for the notoriously difficult King William's College quiz or General Knowledge Paper (GKP) given to students (and parents) at King William's College on the Isle of Man. In another article on, "The Story of the King Wiliams's College Quiz" quizmaster Dr Pat Cullen discusses the impact of the Internet on the 106 year old quiz and attempts to Google and social media proof the quiz to keep it intellectually challenging. MacLean's Canada article on the history of the quiz is simply titled, "The World's Most Difficult Quiz. Really."
While only section 2 relates specifically to geography and cartography, I estimated that about 70 of the 180 questions could be considered geo-spatial. These range from questions such as, "4 Who first used continuous and broken lines to indicate fenced and unfenced roads?" to 5 Where did close neighbours claim the invention of a device for observing at a distance? The answers to last year's questions were posted in February, so you will have to wait a while if you get stumped.
The quizmaster Dr. Pat Cullen doesn't live in a dusty library tower, he is also a birder and citizen scientist for the Isle of Man which is home to several rare species of birds.