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omniORB 4.1 supports objects by value, declared with the valuetype keyword in IDL, and both abstract and local interfaces. This chapter outlines some issues to do with using these types in omniORB. You are assumed to have read the relevant parts of the CORBA specification, specifically chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the CORBA 2.6 specification, and sections 1.17, 1.18 and 1.35 of the C++ mapping specification, version 1.1.
omniORB supports the complete objects by value specification, with the exception of custom valuetypes. All other valuetype features including value boxes, value sharing semantics, abstract valuetypes, and abstract interfaces are supported. Local interfaces are supported, with a number of caveats outlined in section 11.8.
Values are reference counted. This means that, as long as your application properly manages reference counts, values are usually automatically deleted when they are no longer required. However, one of the features of valuetypes is that they support the representation of cyclic graph structures. In that kind of situation, the reference counting garbage collection does not work, because references internal to the graph prevent the reference counts ever becoming zero.
To avoid memory leaks, application code must explicitly break any reference cycles in values it manipulates. This includes graphs of values received as parameters and return values from CORBA operations.
When valuetypes are passed as parameters in CORBA calls (i.e. calls on CORBA objects declared with interface in IDL), the structure of related values is maintained. Consider, for example, the following IDL definitions (which are from the example code in src/examples/valuetype/simple:
If the client to the Test object passes the same value in both parameters, just one value is transmitted, and the object implementation receives a copy of the single value, with references to it in both parameters.
In the case that the object is remote from the client, there is obviously a copying step involved. In the case that the object is in the same address space as the client, the same copying semantics must be maintained so that the object implementation can modify the values it receives without the client seeing the modifications. To support that, omniORB must copy the entire parameter list in one operation, in case there is sharing between different parameters. Such copying is a rather more time-consuming process than the parameter-by-parameter copy that takes place in calls not involving valuetypes.
To avoid the overhead of copying parameters in this way, applications can choose to relax the semantics of value copying in local calls, so values are not copied at all, but are passed by reference. In that case, the client to a call will see any modifications to the values it passes as parameters (and similarly, the object implementation will see any changes the client makes to returned values). To choose this option, set the copyValuesInLocalCalls configuration parameter to zero.
With normal valuetypes, omniidl generates factory classes (with names ending _init) as required by the C++ mapping specification. The application is responsible for registering the factories with the ORB.
Unfortunately, the C++ mapping makes no mention of factories for value boxes. In omniORB, factories for value boxes are automatically registered with the ORB, and there are no application-visible factory classes generated for them. Some other CORBA implementations generate application visible factories, and the application does have to register the factories with the ORB.
The standard CORBA::StringValue and CORBA::WStringValue value boxes are available to application code. To make the definitions available in IDL, _TAG_ the standard orb.idl.
As required by the C++ mapping, on C++ compilers that support covariant return types, omniidl generates code for the _copy_value() function that returns the most derived type of the value. On older compilers, _copy_value() returns CORBA::ValueBase.
If you write code that calls _copy_value(), and you need to support older compilers, you should assign the result to a variable of type CORBA::ValueBase* and downcast to the target type, rather than using the covariant return.
If you are overriding _copy_value(), you must correctly take account of the OMNI_HAVE_COVARIANT_RETURNS preprocessor definition.
Valuetypes inserted into Anys cause a number of interesting issues. Even when inside Anys, values are required to support complete sharing semantics. Take this IDL for example:
Now, suppose the client behaves as follows:
then on the server side:
This is all very well in this kind of simple situation, but problems can arise if truncatable valuetypes are used. Imagine this derived value:
Now, suppose that the client shown above sends an instance of valuetype Two in both parameters, and suppose that the server has not seen the definition of valuetype Two. In this situation, as the first parameter is unmarshalled, it will be truncated to valuetype One, as required. Now, when the Any is unmarshalled, it refers to the same value, which has been truncated. So, even though the TypeCode in the Any indicates that the value has type Two, the stored value actually has type One. If the receiver of the Any tries to pass it on, transmission will fail because the Any's value does not match its TypeCode.
In the opposite situation, where an Any parameter comes before a valuetype parameter, a different problem occurs. In that case, as the Any is unmarshalled, there is no type information available for valuetype Two, so the value inside the Any has an internal omniORB type used for unknown valuetypes. As the next parameter is unmarshalled, omniORB sees that the shared value is unknown, and is able to convert it to the target One valuetype with truncation. In this case, the Any and the plain valuetype both have the correct types and values, but the fact that both should have referred to the same value has been lost.
Because of these issues, it is best to avoid defining interfaces that mix valuetypes and Anys in a single operation, and certainly to avoid trying to share plain values with values inside Anys.
The sharing semantics of valuetypes can also cause difficulties for DynAny. The CORBA 2.6 specification does not mention how shared values inside DynAnys should be handled; the CORBA 3.x specification slightly clarifies the situation, but it is still unclear. To write portable code it is best to avoid manipulating DynAnys containing values that are shared.
In omniORB, when a value inside an Any is converted into a DynAny, the value's state is copied into the DynAny, and manipulated there. When converting back to an Any a new value is created. This means that any other references to the original value (whether themselves inside Anys of not) still relate to the original value, with unchanged state. However, this copying only occurs when a DynValue is actually created, so for example a structure with two value members referring to the same value can manipulated inside a DynAny without breaking the sharing, provided the value members are not accessed as DynAnys. Extracting the value members as ValueBase will reveal the sharing, for example.
Local interfaces are somewhat under-specified in the C++ mapping. This section outlines the way local interfaces are supported in omniORB, and details the limitations and issues.
With simple IDL, there are no particular issues:
The IDL compiler generates an abstract base class Test::Example. The application defines a class derived from it that implements the abstract hello() member function. Instances of that class can then be used where the IDL specifies interface Example.
Note that, by default, local interface implementations have no reference counting behaviour. If the local object should be deleted when the last reference is released, the application must implement the _add_ref() and _remove_ref() virtual member functions within the implementation class. Make sure that the implementations are thread safe.
Local interfaces can inherit from unconstrained (i.e. non-local) interfaces:
IDL like this leads to two issues to do with omniORB's C++ mapping implementation.
First, an instance of local interface Two should be suitable to pass as the argument to the setOne() method of a Receiver object (as long as the object is in the same address space as the caller). Therefore, the Two abstract base class has to inherit from the internal class omniORB uses to map object references of type One. For performance reasons, the class that implements One object references normally has non-virtual member functions. That means that the application-supplied problem() member function for the implementation of local interface Two will not override the base class's version. To overcome this, the IDL for the base unconstrained interface must be compiled with the -Wbvirtual-objref switch to omniidl. That makes the member functions of the mapping of One into virtual functions, so they can be overridden.
The second problem is that, in some cases, omniORB uses a different mapping for object reference member functions than the mapping used in servant classes. For example, in the problem() operation, it uses an internal type for the inout string argument that avoids memory issues if the application uses a String_var in the argument. This means that the abstract member function declared in the Two class (and implemented by the application) has a different signature to the member function in the base class. The application-supplied class will therefore not properly override the base class method. In all likelihood, the C++ compiler will also complain that the two member functions are ambiguous. The solution to this problem is to use the implementation mapping in the base object reference class, rather than the normal object reference mapping, using the -Wbimpl-m


RefLaw Primer: Alienage
March 18, 2021
Elisabeth Brennen
Third-year student at the University of Michigan Law School
What is the element?
The alienage element of the refugee definition requires that a refugee be outside of their own country in order to qualify as a Convention refugee.[1]
Where in the Convention is this element found?
The alienage requirement is found in the 1951 Refugee Convention's Article 1(A)(2), which defines the term "refugee." The relevant portion of the definition is that a "refugee" is someone who:
The portion of the definition requiring a refugee's alienage is reflected in the bolded text above; that is, a refugee must be "outside the country of his nationality."
What does it mean, practically speaking?
The requirement means that a refugee must leave their country of nationality or habitual residence in order to meet the Convention's definition. This requirement is a threshold question – one could have a well-founded fear of persecution for Convention reasons, but so long as they are still within their country of nationality, they do not qualify as refugees.
In order for a person to qualify as a Convention refugee, and thus access the rights therein, they must leave their country of nationality. Someone who is displaced within their own country is called an "internally displaced person" (IDP), and they do not have access to the rights conferred by the Refugee Convention (though they are of humanitarian concern, addressed by other treaties).[3]
Why does this element exist? What were the legal and policy rationales at the time of drafting?
When the Refugee Convention was drafted, the treaty had a specific goal: to assist people who were outside of their own country and thus were suffering because they lacked governmental protections.[4] There were several justifications for taking this limited approach.
From a pragmatic perspective, the drafters were focused on those outside their own country because IDPs required a more sustained commitment than was available to the international community at the time.[5] States were also concerned that, if IDPs were brought into the sphere of the Refugee Convention's protections, states with many IDPs might shift the responsibility of caring for their own population onto the international community, rather than caring for their own citizenry themselves.[6]
Furthermore, the ability of the international community to intervene on behalf of IDPs raised questions of sovereignty – the principle in international law that states have supreme authority within their own territory.[7] That is, although it was becoming increasingly accepted that the global community had a "legitimate right to set standards and scrutinize human rights records, it was unthinkable that refugee law would authorize intrusion into the territory of a state to protect citizens from their own government."[8]
Finally, many of the rights conferred to refugees by the Refugee Convention are only relevant to those outside their own country. One of the most important protections, for example, is protection against refoulement – the right of refugees to not be sent back to their country of origin if to do so would be dangerous.[9] Of course, someone who has never left their country in the first place cannot be returned to it; they are already there. Many of the other rights conferred are also of specific utility only to those who are outside their own country.[10] The alienage requirement thus "ensures a match between the beneficiary class and the remedy provided by the Convention."[11]
What are the continued legal rationales?
The legal rationales behind the alienage requirement at the time of drafting remain salient today. It is still the case that the Refugee Convention is an instrument designed to address a particular subset of people. Though the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees expanded the geographical and temporal scope of the Convention's application,[12] it did not amend or rescind the alienage requirement.
Concerns about sovereignty are still relevant, though perhaps less so. States have adopted many commitments to aid IDPs and several international organizations, including the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), have mandates inclusive of internally displaced persons.[13] However, the consensus on the part of states remains that the Refugee Convention's alienage requirement remains proper and that new and different legal regimes are better suited for handling the humanitarian problem of IDPs.
What are the primary legal debates surrounding the element, if they exist?
The alienage requirement is not widely debated as such. There is some scholarly debate around the prospect of expanding the definition of "refugee" to be more inclusive of IDPs,[14] but these scholars appear to be in the minority. The broad consensus among policymakers and scholars is that the alienage requirement is still a useful and necessary requirement for refugee status.
Many of the more practical debates about alienage – those that play out in courtrooms on behalf of refugees – have to do with "in between" locations, ascertaining the relevant country of reference, and other factual and legal questions. For instance, would seeking asylum in another country's embassy in the refugee's home country count as meeting the alienage requirement? What about airport immigration zones? On an airplane over international waters? What about those who are "stateless" and lack a formal nationality; how do we address the alienage requirement in their case? Each of these questions has been litigated extensively.
Emily Harris' piece "Replacing a Good Faith Approach with a Well-Founded Fear Approach," addresses one of these debates. Her piece focuses on claims from refugees sur place – those who meet the alienage requirement but left their country of origin before their fear of persecution arose. Examples of refugees sur place include people outside of their country studying or working abroad, even tourists, whose countries become dangerous for them to return to while they're gone.
These claims can arise organically, for example if civil war breaks out while they happen to be abroad. But they can also happen because of deliberate actions taken by the refugees themselves, for instance if a person leaves their country of origin and publishes an op-ed critiquing their country's government and subsequently faces persecution if they return. The category of refugees sur place has been controversial. Some commentators and courts believe that the category invites manipulation. Others argue that, so long as the refugee has reason to fear persecution in their home country, the reason that fear arises is irrelevant to the legitimacy of their claim.
[1] James C. Hathaway & Michelle Foster, The Law of Refugee Status17 (2d ed. 2014).
[2] Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, adopted Jul. 28, 1951, entered into force Apr. 22, 1954, 189 UNTS 137 ("Refugee Convention" or "Convention", at Art. 1(A)(2).
[3] Hathaway & Foster, supra note 1, at 17.
[4] Hathaway & Foster, supra note 1, at 17.
[5] Hathaway & Foster, supra note 1, at 17.
[6] See Hathaway & Foster, supra note 1, at 18.
[7] Samantha Besson, Sovereignty, P1 (2011), Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law.
[8] Hathaway & Foster, supra note 1, at 18.
[9] Hathaway & Foster, supra note 1, at 21.
[10] For instance, Refugee Convention Article 34 requires that the host-state provide a pathway to naturalization for the refugee. Were the refugee to remain in their state of origin, this right would be redundant.
[11] Hathaway & Foster, supra note 1, at 21-22.
[12] Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, adopted Jan. 31, 1967, entered into force Oct. 4, 1967, 606 UNTS 267 ("Refugee Protocol"), at Art. 1(2)-(3).
[13] Hathaway & Foster, supra note 1, at 18.
[14] See, e.g. Eilidh Beaton, Against the Alienage Condition for Refugeehood, 39 Law and Philosophy 147-176 (2020).
Suggested citation: Elisabeth Brennen, RefLaw Primer: Alienage, RefLaw (March 18, 2021),
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Pot O' Gold: 10 Great Irish Children's Authors (page 2)
- 10 Great Independent Bookstores
- Choosing Children's Books
- 10 Great Subtraction and Addition Apps for Kids
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- 10 Great Sand Activities
- 10 Great Family-Friendly Activities
Ireland's written heritage is almost as legendary as its verdant hills and rich mythology. The giants of early 20th century Irish authorship are household names—Yeats, Joyce, Wilde—but the Emerald Isle has an equally strong (though lesser known) tradition of great children's literature, too. With St. Patrick's Day approaching, now is a great time to take advantage of the literary gold at the end of the proverbial rainbow with these ten Irish authors.
Roddy Doyle Already an established novelist (he is a 1993 Booker Prize winner for Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha) Doyle's foray into children's literature promises to be as successful. The Dubliner's Rover stories (The Giggler Treatment, Rover Saves Christmas and The Meanwhile Adventures) chronicle the exploits of a hapless adventure-seeking dog, and his latest book, Her Mother's Face, is a poignant look at love and loss from a child's perspective. Doyle's humor—from the crude to the charming to the whimsical—make him a great read for adults and children alike. Best for grades 3-5.
Patricia Lynch Patricia Lynch was a prolific writer—with 48 novels and hundreds of short stories. Her western Irish background colors the events and landscapes in many of her stories; while her stories are relatively uncomplicated for her young audience, they are replete with delightful imagination. Her best-known book is The Turf-Cutter's Donkey, celebrated for its romanticized portrayal of rustic Ireland. Her Brogreen series is also a staple of mid-century children's fantasy, and though some of her books are out of print they are well worth tracking down. Best for grades 3-5.
C.S. Lewis Belfast-born Clive Staples Lewis rubbed shoulders with some of the biggest literary luminaries of his day at Oxford, including J.R.R. Tolkien, and it's interesting to speculate how the two might have influenced the separate fantasy worlds for which they've each become famous. Lewis' conversion to Christianity informs much of his writing and is a motif throughout his most famous body of work, The Chronicles of Narnia. Lewis' allegory, however, is never heavy-handed; he is very accessible to children and adults alike, making him a beloved cornerstone of children's literature. Don't miss The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader and The Silver Chair. Best for grades 4-6.
Eoin Colfer With tales that compare favorably to J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter books, Wexford native Eoin Colfer has a lot going for him. The Irish author and comedian is best known for his Artemis Fowl series, which he has jokingly summed up as "Die Hard with fairies". The adventures and exploits of (anti)hero Artemis Fowl, adolescent criminal genius, are noted for their dark humor and are bestsellers on both sides of the Atlantic. The six-book series has a movie deal in the works. Artemis Fowl, The Arctic Incident, and The Eternity Code round out the first three books in the sequence. Best for grades 4-6.
Marita Conlon-McKenna Another Bisto Award winner, Marita Conlon-McKenna's books have seen screen treatments and translation into several different languages. Her fascination with Irish history sparked her most widely known book, Under the Hawthorn Tree. The book, a story about children left struggling to survive in the wake of the deadly 1840s famine, made the Irish bestseller list two years running and is distinguished by its touching characterization and historical detail. Under the Hawthorn Tree became the Famine trilogy, with Wildflower Girl and Fields of Home completing the trio. Best for grades 4-6.
Padraic Colum Padraic Colum had a seemingly inexhaustible career as a novelist, a poet, a dramatist and a folklorist. Despite fame at home and abroad, famous friendships and lucrative publishing and teaching contracts, Colum never forgot his humble beginnings. He began his career in children's writing by translating simple Gaelic myths, and his first effort, The King of Ireland's Son, was released to high praise in 1916. Big Tree of Bunlahy: Stories of My Own Countryside and The Voyagers won him Newberry Honor Awards in the 1920s and 1930s. Best for grades 4-6.
Pat O'Shea Pat O'Shea's books, described by Phoenix librarian Jill Detter as "good fantasy for older children with lots of Irish folklore," began her career as a dramatist. The Galway-born writer took 13 years to complete her best-known book, The Hounds of the Morrigan, and she found herself a literary sensation in middle age. O'Shea's 2007 Guardian obituary calls the book a "combination of kindness, wisdom and irreverence"; it has been translated into several languages and remains popular in Ireland today. Best for grades 5-8.
Kate Thompson Though Kate Thompson was born in England, and her travels took her to America, Wales and India, among other places, she has claimed Irish residency since the early 1980s. Some of her children's stories touch upon themes as disparate as Irish folk tales and genetic engineering. Thompson has won the Bisto Children's Book of the Year Award four times, as well as the Whitbread Children's Book Award and the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize. She is best known and most celebrated for her book The New Policeman, described as "enthralling" in several reviews; other good bets include The Alchemist's Apprentice and The Beguilers. Best for kids in middle school and up.
James Stephens James Stephens, a contemporary of Irish great James Joyce, is best known for his fantasy work The Crock of Gold. With James Joyce, he was part of the Irish literary renaissance of the early 20th century and lived to see his work made popular through readings and radio broadcasts. While all his books are marked by his fanciful charm, his 1920 Irish Fairy Tales has become a perennial children's favorite. His lyric voice (Stephens was also a poet) sets the perfect tone for these retellings of famous Irish myths and legends. Best for kids in middle school and up.
Siobhan Dowd Technically a Londoner by birth, Siobhan Dowd's parents were both Irish and she was honored by Irish-America Magazine as one of the "Top 100 Irish-Americans". A Swift Pure Cry is her first book, a stark portrayal of teenage issues; her second, The London Eye Mystery, is a young adult thriller about a boy with Asperger's syndrome who solves a kidnapping. One review went so far as to describe Dowd's sophomore effort as "unputdownable", and it has won everything from the Book Sense Children's Pick List to Kirkus Review's Best Children's Books. Her penultimate effort, Bog Child, was posthumously published in 2008 to acclaim. Best for kids in middle school and up.
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WORKBOOKSMay Workbooks are Here!
WE'VE GOT A GREAT ROUND-UP OF ACTIVITIES PERFECT FOR LONG WEEKENDS, STAYCATIONS, VACATIONS... OR JUST SOME GOOD OLD-FASHIONED FUN!Get Outside! 10 Playful Activities
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
States having different economic systems have correspondingly different national trading policies and practices; these differences aggravate the problems of foreign trade organization and impede the growth of the international market. The accepted principles and the national organization of foreign trade in developed market economies have important characteristics in common, as do the principles and organization of centrally planned economies; but the actual trading practices of a country in either group may vary according to whether the trading partner is a member of the same group or of a different one. In the case of the developed market and centrally planned economy countries there is in each case a certain basic similarity which facilitates trading relations. However, there is not the same general similarity of trading organization and practices among developing countries. They have some structural characteristics in common, such as a predominant share of primary goods in their exports and a generally low level of per capita income, but the types of economic and social organization in these countries vary widely.
In the case of the third main trading group, the developing countries, there is not the same general similarity of trading organization and practices. They have some structural characteristics in common, but the types of economic and social organization vary from almost pure market economies to almost full state ownership, so the institutional arrangements in the field of foreign trade also differ widely.
Trade among countries having different economic and social systems accounts for 4% of world trade, 2.5% being trade between socialist countries of eastern Europe and developed market-economy countries, and about 1.5% between socialist countries of eastern Europe and developing countries.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Aquarius Temporary Tattoo
Aquarius temporary tattoos represent the zodiac eleventh sign symbolized by water bearer. Mostly, Aquarius is depicted as a pot that is spilling water or water alone. The water is usually presented with two horizontal zigzag lines piled on each other. Sometimes, the two lines feature the stars around them to denote an Aquarius constellation design. Furthermore, the water bearer is usually presented as a woman or a man carrying a pot of water.


The length of the "fallen insect" season affects river ecosystems
Insects that fall from the surrounding forest provide seasonal food to the fish in the streams. Researchers at Kobe University and the University of Tokyo have shown that prolonging this period has a profound effect on food webs and ecosystem functions found in the streams.
These research results provide evidence that changes in forest seasonality also affect nearby river ecosystems. This finding highlights the importance of predicting the impacts of climate change on ecosystems.
The research group consisted of Associate Professor Sato Takuya and UEDA graduate student Roy from the University of Kobe Graduate School, and Associate Professor Takimoto Gaku from the Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Tokyo.
The results have been published in The Journal of Animal Ecology On March 4, 2021.
the main points
 - If terrestrial insects are only present in rivers for short and intense periods, this reduces competition for food among salmon. As a result, all types of salmon experience equal growth and there is little difference in size between individuals. However, if the same amount of terrestrial insects is available over a long period, this leads to a hierarchy in which the great salmon monopolizes the food supply of terrestrial insects. As a result, only larger fish grow larger and there is greater variation in the size of individual fish.
 - Whether terrestrial insects are available for an intense or prolonged period of time has a different effect on the numbers of benthic invertebrates (* 1) and the rate of leaf collapse (* 2). This result was only observed in experimental groups as it was easy for fish to consume the majority of benthic invertebrates.
 - This study demonstrated that the length of seasonal cycles has a domino effect on ecosystems. Climate change is causing major changes in the seasonal cycles of organisms. The results of this research indicate the importance of understanding and predicting the response of ecosystems to climate change.
Research background
The cool, clear flowing streams are home to many types of salmon including red trout, cherry salmon and Japanese char (hereafter referred to as "stream fish"). These stream fish prefer to eat terrestrial invertebrates that fall into the river from surrounding forests. When there are many of these land-dwelling insects in the water, stream fish tend not to eat the benthic invertebrates that inhabit the river, such as amphibians and young aquatic insects. This results in a sustainable large population of benthic invertebrates, which eat leaves that have fallen into the water. Thus, this large population in turn speeds up the rate of leaf decomposition in the river (leaf breakdown rate = ecosystem functions of the stream). Thus, the presence of terrestrial invertebrates alters the diet of fish, which has a significant effect (positive indirect effect (* 3)) on riverine food webs and ecosystem functions (Fig.1).
The amount of terrestrial invertebrates that end up in rivers increases as the trees grow new leaves in the spring, peaks in early summer, and then decreases when the trees lose their leaves in the fall. This seasonal pattern is common in streams located in temperate to temperate regions. However, the period between new leaf growth and defoliation is short in forests at high latitudes and elevations, but long in forests at lower latitudes and altitudes. Therefore, although there may be a similar total number of terrestrial invertebrates in rivers over the course of a year, they are likely to be present in water for periods of intense at high latitudes / altitudes and long periods at low latitudes / altitudes.
research aims
What kind of impact does the length of the supply of terrestrial invertebrates have on the food webs of streams and stream fish?
This research study investigated the effects of different supply periods on red trout (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae), As well as the impact on food webs and ecosystems in streams.
Research methodology and results
Outdoor experiments were conducted in large ponds that simulate river ecosystems at Kyoto University's Wakayama Forest Research Station. The experiments were conducted from August through November 2016, and the same total amount and type of terrestrial invertebrates (mealworms) were provided in each experiment over a period of 90 days. In the pulsed trial groups, concentrated quantities of mealworms were provided daily over a 30-day period in the middle of the 90-day experiment (i.e., 30 to 60 days), while the extended-trial groups were given a steady supply of mealworms for a third of the 90-day period (Pictures B and C). Control groups were also established that were not administered to terrestrial invertebrates. The following aspects were examined: salmonid stomach contents, body size, number of benthic invertebrates, and leaf crushing rate.
In the pulse groups, it was difficult for the larger fish to monopolize the mealworm supply because a large amount was given each time, so the smaller fish were also able to eat the mealworms (Fig.2a). After the experiment, it was found that there was little difference in size between fish in the legume groups (Fig.3), indicating that these conditions led to a community in which individual fishes were difficult to control the food supply. Conversely, in elongated groups, it was easier for the larger fish to monopolize the food flowing downstream, meaning that the smaller, outboard competing fishes would hardly eat any mealworms (Fig.2a). After the experiment, a large variation was found in the size of the fish in the elongated group (Fig. 3), and it was revealed that these conditions led to a community where large fish could easily monopolize the food supply. Moreover, individuals who attained mature size were found among the predominant fishes of the elongated group, which also indicates the effect on population growth.
In the pulse group where large and small fishes could eat mealworms, there was a significant decrease in the amount of benthic invertebrates that all fish eat compared to the control group (Fig.2b). On the other hand, young fishes tend to consume benthic invertebrates more frequently in elongated groups where larger fish have a monopoly on the flour worm supply (Fig.2b). Thus, there was no significant decrease in the amount of benthic invertebrates consumed in the elongated groups compared to the control group.
The numbers of benthic invertebrates were at their highest in the pulse groups as all salmon consumed fewer benthic invertebrates, resulting in the fastest collapse of fallen leaves. On the other hand, in elongated groups where young fish ate many benthic invertebrates, the number of these insects and the rate of leaf-breaking did not reach the levels seen in the pulse groups. In other words, the presence of terrestrial invertebrates changed the feeding habits of the fish, which had an indirect positive effect on benthic invertebrates and the rate of leaf breakage, and this effect was greater in the pulse groups than in the elongated groups. A large variation in the strength of this indirect effect is observed between the impulsive and extended groups when a large proportion of benthic invertebrates consist of midges, which are readily consumed by salmon. However, this effect was not observed when isopods, which are rarely found in salmon stomach contents, constitute a large proportion of benthic invertebrates.
The main reason behind this recent discovery is thought to be that it is difficult for the dietary habits of fish to influence the numbers of benthic invertebrates and the rate of leaf breakdown in such conditions. If it is difficult for fish to eat the majority of benthic invertebrates, their diet is unlikely to change from terrestrial invertebrates to benthic invertebrates.
More research
This research provides preliminary evidence that the length of time that forest-dwelling insects are found in rivers has a significant effect on salmon growth rate, size distribution, flowing food webs and ecosystem functions. In addition, the impact on the stream's ecosystems is more pronounced when there are a large number of benthic invertebrate species that are easy for salmon to consume. These results demonstrate the vital importance of studying the seasonality of organisms, which link ecosystems such as those in forests and rivers, in order to understand food web structures and ecosystem functions.
Based on these research findings, we can see how climate change worldwide affects the seasonality of organisms living in certain ecosystems and that these changes, in turn, are likely to have a significant ripple effect on surrounding ecosystems. Investigating these aspects and being able to understand and predict the domino effect that climate change has on ecosystem behavior is an important issue in the study of microbiology.
Nowadays, researchers have set up observation sites all over Japan, from Hokkaido in the north to Kyushu in the south. They are conducting longitudinal observations of seasonal elevation and degradation of forest and river insects in cooperation with local researchers. Through a set of wide-ranging longitudinal observations of external species and experiences such as those in this study, they hope to deepen our understanding of how climate change affects seasonal aspects of ecosystems, with the goal of being able to predict these impacts.
Glossary of terms
1. Benthic invertebrates: the collective name for the thornless aquatic organisms that live in the benthic zone, the ecological zone at the lowest level of the water body. In the streams, this category includes young aquatic insects such as dragonflies and stoneflies, as well as amphibians and isopods.
2. The rate of leaf fragmentation: The speed at which leaves fall into streams is divided by their consumption by benthic invertebrates. This is an important function of an ecosystem to maintain the cycle of matter in


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Culture of Jammu
 Culture plays an important role in understanding the local inhabitants of Jammu. Their festivals and lifestyle tell you a lot about them. During your visit to Jammu you will meet residents belonging to various tribes, religion and castes. These people's lifestyle has been influenced by the mountainous terrain of the Himalayas. brings you the details:
Jammu is home to people belonging to various sections of society. Hindu Brahmin priests enable Indian and foreign pilgrims to worship at the various temples in Jammu. The Amarnath Cave and Vaishnodevi are two popular temples here. Other religious sections of society living in Jammu are Sikhs, Buddhists and Muslims. Dogras, Chibalis, Sudans, Kishtwari, Khatris, Mahajans and Paharis are some of the ethnic tribes in Jammu. Some of the major tribes are given below:
Dograsbelong to the Aryan tribe who came to India in ancient times. They later branched out into higher castes of Brahmins and Rajputs, as well as, merchant classes of Mahajans and others. Some embraced Sikhism and Islam when these religions influenced this region of India. They speak Dogri, which is one of the India's national languages. Like Punjabis, Dogras are known to be brave people. The Dogra Regiment in the Indian Army is proof of this fact. Heren and Kud are Dogra styles of theatre and dance that are performed during festivals in Jammu.
Gujjars - Muslim Gujjars form a major section of Jammu inhabitants. They are basically from Gujarat and Rajasthan and speak Gujari. They are unlike hilly people; they are tall and have handsome features. Their lifestyle is semi-nomadic to nomadic. Herding sheep and mountain cattle is their primary occupation.
Chibali - Chibalis are a small race in Jammu. They are usually followers of Islam. Though, some are also Buddhists. They speak the language, Dogri, and are of Punjabi descent.
Sudhan - Another Muslim section of Jammu, the Sudhans, speak both Kashmiri and Dogri languages.
Lifestyle and Festivals in Jammu
People in Jammu lead a rather basic lifestyle. Their home interiors, garments and everyday food are extremely simple. They are religious, warm and friendly. You will find them affectionate and helpful. Festivals are celebrated with fancy dresses and merriment, unlike their usual lifestyle. Some of the major festivals celebrated in Jammu are:
 - Lohri
 - Baisakhi
 - Shivratri


text:
Connecticut farms cope with early-season drought; crops survive, some flourish
TORRINGTON – While the Midwest and the Southwest are in the grip of a devastating drought, New England, particularly Connecticut seems to have been spared — although it did experience its own share of drought conditions early in the season.
The U.S. Drought Monitor reported that 85.61 percent of Connecticut is now considered to be abnormally dry which is one step down from moderate drought. In the spring planting months of March, April and May, 100 percent of the state was considered abnormally dry, and rainfall was considered to be 50 percent or less than the norm, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
However, the drought during that time didn't have the negative impact on Connecticut farms that it has had on farms across the country. In southern Connecticut, for example, farmer Dan Cole said that they had crops sprouting earlier than normal and adapted by staggering their plantings so they have product for the whole season.
Bishop's Orchards in Guilford adapted by using sprinklers and irrigation. Their crops – peaches, strawberries and apples, mainly – were more affected by the warm weather, followed by frigid bursts, that the state experienced in April.
"Some of our tree-fruit crops were frozen out in April," said Jonathan Bishop, co-owner of Bishop Orchards. "Apple and pear trees basically thought it was time to flower, and then we got random frosty nights."
In the Northwest corner of the state, farmers didn't have much a problem with the lack of rainfall either. Gresczyk Farms is having a good year for corn; and in Litchfield, Bunnell Farm is having a good year for pumpkins. Local farms that boast corn mazes already have them up and running, a month earlier than normal.
At Wild Carrot Farm, Deb Parker, the farm store manager said they haven't experienced any real problems with drought. She did state that some of their store's providers – other area farms – experienced problems with certain things.
"We weren't really affected by the early drought. We were able to plant crops early – which resulted in certain things being harvested earlier than normal," Parker explained.
As an example, she said that they've already harvested their potatoes a month ahead of schedule.
Parker explained that when crops sprout early it can also shorten the season and affect demand and consumer's expectations. She said that the farms that supply their berries had an incredibly short season for blueberries and strawberries. Continued...
"People expect strawberries for Father's Day, but by the end of May there were none," Parker said.
Wild Carrot Farm runs a cooperative food program — and with everything harvesting earlier than normal, they've had complaints from people in the program about certain crops, like spinach, strawberries no longer being available.
Parker said that the farm didn't really view the early harvest as a significant drought related problem however she did mention that garlic crop was seriously affected by Hurricane Irene.
"The ground was so wet from Irene that when we planted the garlic a lot of it got mold from the moisture," she explained.
As far as what the next season holds when compounded with this past mild winter, spring drought, and scorching summer she said there's really no way to prepare or to know how these compounding extreme weather conditions will affect the next growing season.
Information from the article "Connecticut farmers adapt to climate change" by New Haven Register reporter Mercy Quaye was used in this article.
Jenny Golfin can be reached via email at _EMAIL_, or by calling _PHONE_. Follow her on Twitter @JennyGrc.
See inaccurate information in a story? Other feedback and/or ideas for us to consider? Tell us here.
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Guide to Religious Services
Note: All listings are paid advertisements.
Bethlehem Baptist Fellowship
Meeting at the Bethlehem Elementary School
92 East Street, Bethlehem, CT 06751
Sunday Morning Service at 9:00 a.m.
Tuesday Evening Bible Study at 7:00 p.m.
Currently studying the Book of Isaiah on Tuesday nights from 7-8 p.m.
We welcome newcomers.
Unity in the Foothills
102 Prospect Street, Torrington, Ct 06790
A Course in Miracles Tuesday evenings 7 p.m.
Transformational Prayer Group Thursday 1:15 p.m. and Sunday 9 a.m.
First United Methodist Church
21 Fern Drive, Torrington, CT 06790
Rev. Barbara B. Shaffer, Pastor
Sunday Service at 9:30 a.m.
Sunday School from 10:45 a.m. to 11:45 a.m.
Pre-K thru Adult
Northfield Bible Church
10 Camp Hill Road, Northfield, CT 06778
Bible Doctrines Class: Sunday at 9:00 a.m.
Sunday Service at 10:00 a.m.
Bible Study: Wednesday at 7:00 p.m.
Pot Luck Supper every 4th Friday of the Month at 6:15 p.m.
ASSEMBLIES OF GOD
First Assembly of God
387 New Harwinton Road, Torrington, CT 06790
Sunday School for all ages 9:30 a.m.
Sunday Worship Service at 10:45 a.m.
Family Night Thursday at 7:00 p.m.
Adult Bible Study Prayer Service: Saturday at 9:15 a.m.
Cable 5 Sundays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at 3 p.m.
CONGREGATIONAL CHRISTIAN CHURCHES
Founders Congregational Church
41 Birge Park Road, Harwinton, CT 06791
Sunday School and Services 10:00 a.m.
Bible Study: Tuesday at 7:00 p.m. and Thursday at 10:00 a.m.
Center Congregational Church
155 Main Street, Torrington, CT 06790
Sunday Services and Church School at 10:00 a.m.
Second Congregational Church of Winsted
Biblical, Traditional, Protestant Worship
800 Main Street, Winsted, CT 06098
Baptist and Congregational
Worship 10:00 a.m.
Sunday School 9:00 a.m.
July - August Worship 9:30 a.m.
Hours: 8:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday - Thursday
8:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Friday
Note: All listings are paid advertisements.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Origins of Native American Knowledge Systems
In contrast, Native American knowledge systems were created for generative economies. Rather than extracting value, they help it circulate back to the original source. In contrast to the pin factory, a Native American labor system works more like this Iroquois flow chart.
Clan mothers are responsible for nominating the clan chief, and can have him removed if need be. They also govern labor collectives. If everyone works together on each farm, then no one farmer feels like they are left to fend for themselves. Each farm keeps most of its harvest, but some goes to a general storage, the commons. That way even the smallest farm is looked after. The cycle is complete.
There is also a cycle within the cycle: the three sisters. Spiky squash leaves ward off pests, and prevent soil evaporation. Corn creates strong stalks to support bean vines. Beans improve the soil. They take nitrogen from the air and convert it to usable form through bacteria in their root nodules: a cycle inside the cycle inside the cycle!
Instead of optimizing for value extraction (such as monocropping the most profitable type of corn), Native systems are diversifying for value circulation. This is why Europeans were astounded to find an explosion of biodiversity in the New World. Corn, potato, tomato, bell pepper, chili pepper, vanilla, tobacco, beans, pumpkin, cassava root, avocado, peanut, pecan, cashew, pineapple, blueberry, sunflower, chocolate, and other plants whose existence was unknown. Many had been bred for centuries to diversify variety.


HowTo: Convert metadata from GXplorer 6.0 to GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6
Unofficial Content
This document attempts to explain all the things to take into account if you want to convert a GXplorer6.0 metadata to a GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6 metadata.
What things should I know before converting the metadata?
There are a few things to take into account before even think to convert a whole metadata from GXplorer 6.0 to a GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6. The most important one is knowing how GXquery works (for more information, please refer to GXquery course ) and having a GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6 installation.
Another important thing you have to know that this conversion involves a change of paradigm, GXplorer 6.0 uses the OLAP paradigm and GXquery 4.0 uses Attribute paradigm. So the consequences of converting a metadata imply changes or lost, of concepts.
The following concepts are changed when the conversion is done:
 - A partitioned measure is converted to N differents attributes on differents fact tables and without any relationship between them. Now the user will have to choose very carefully the table to navigate to make an effective Query.
 - At GXplorer 6.0 a dimension has an Id and a description attribures, that are considered just one thing. In GXquery 4.0 this is considered as two differents attributes.
 - If the dimension Id has more than one attribute, they will be considered as different attributes without any special relationship between them.
 - Filters at GXplorer 6.0 are defined for a measure or for a dimension. In GXquery those filters will be applied to some of the attributes of the measure or the dimension.
The following concepts are lost when the conversion is done because they are not supported in GXquery:
 - Filters of the following type: Ranking, Minimum and Maximum.
 - Aggregation restrictions (none, partially or totally).
 - Measures defined as a Count formula in GXplorer Manager.
How can I make the metadata conversion?
GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6 provides a tool to convert a GXplorer 6.0 metadata easily to a GXquery 4.0 metadata.
This tool is called MetadataConverter and we can execute it by running (as administrator) the Artech.GXquery.Converter.exe application located in the Metadata Converter folder at the GXquery 4.0 installation folder.
Step By Step
Step 1: Open the metadata converter and select the GXplorer 6.0 catalog.
GXplorer conversion 1
Step 2: Select the destination folder and start the conversion.
GXplorer conversion 2
Obs: by selecting Advanced the following window will be open, and we have the option to set the server or credentials for SQL Server (the tool needs a SQL Server to create a temporary Knowledge Base as part of the conversion process).
GXplorer conversion 3
Also, we can follow the status of the conversion progress and get the conversion log.
Step 3: Done!
The conversion process it's done. As a result, we have now an.export file ready to be imported to GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6 installation. For more information about how this step it's done, please refer to HowTo: Creating a GXquery metadata in GXquery.


7. Dolmen de la Pallera
Discovery: It was discovered on 5th June 1985. It is named by the members of Geseart.
Location and environment: Located on a plateau, on the high part of la Vall creek. It is located on a dominant zone. Bush is the current vegetation. It was a vineyard cultivation zone. When the dolmen was built, it was most likely a holly oak woods and bushes zone.
Appearance: It is a passage tomb with a long trapezoid chamber and a narrow corridor. Built in gneiss. No cover has been preserved. There are some tumulus remains, which surely have been 7 m diameter.


text:
The blog post about Extreme Backyard Adventures was published at October 16, 2017 at 9:30 am. This article is published in the Backyard category. Extreme Backyard Adventures is tagged with Extreme Backyard Adventures, Extreme, Backyard, Adventures..
Extremeex•treme (ik strēm′),USA pronunciation adj., -trem•er, -trem•est, n.
- of a character or kind farthest removed from the ordinary or average: extreme measures.
- utmost or exceedingly great in degree: extreme joy.
- farthest from the center or middle;
endmost: the extreme limits of a town.
- farthest, utmost, or very far in any direction: an object at the extreme point of vision.
- exceeding the bounds of moderation: extreme fashions.
- going to the utmost or very great lengths in action, habit, opinion, etc.: an extreme conservative.
- last or final: extreme hopes.
- [Chiefly Sports.]extremely dangerous or difficult: extreme skiing.
- the utmost or highest degree, or a very high degree: cautious to an extreme.
- one of two things as remote or different from each other as possible: the extremes of joy and grief.
- the furthest or utmost length;
an excessive length, beyond the ordinary or average: extremes in dress.
- an extreme act, measure, condition, etc.: the extreme of poverty.
- the first or the last term, as of a proportion or series.
- a relative maximum or relative minimum value of a function in a given region.
- [Logic.]the subject or the predicate of the conclusion of a syllogism;
either of two terms that are separated in the premises and brought together in the conclusion.
- [Archaic.]the utmost point, or extremity, of something.
Backyardback•yard (bak′yärd′),USA pronunciation n.
- the portion of a lot or building site behind a house, structure, or the like, sometimes fenced, walled, etc.
- a familiar or nearby area;
Adventuresad•ven•ture (ad ven′chər),USA pronunciation n., v., -tured, -tur•ing.
- an exciting or very unusual experience.
- participation in exciting undertakings or enterprises: the spirit of adventure.
- a bold, usually risky undertaking;
hazardous action of uncertain outcome.
- a commercial or financial speculation of any kind;
- to risk or hazard.
- to take the chance of;
- to venture to say or utter: to adventure an opinion.
- to take the risk involved.
- to venture;
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Extreme Backyard Adventures is being used with frequency that is increasing. More and more homeowners find that expertise can be used by them within their restroom. There are lots of different options to choose from. It's merely of narrowing your final decision to just one alternative, a subject. Extreme Backyard Adventuress that is traditional are often rounded or square.
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text:
Illustrated by Application to Sand Core Blowing
Many types of granular media are encountered in processing and manufacturing industries. Because of its unusual properties, granular material can often pose difficult problems for engineers seeking to transfer, mix or otherwise manipulate it for useful purposes. A good example of a granular flow process arises in the making of sand cores for metal casting applications.
Modeling Granular Media
A model has been developed for flows of highly concentrated granular material. The model uses a "continuum" approach, that is, it is based on a continuous fluid representation of the sand, making no attempt to treat individual sand particles.
A mixture of sand and air, is a two-phase flow in which the air and sand materials flow with their individual velocities, but are coupled through momentum exchanges resulting from pressure and viscous stresses. In typical core sands the diameters of sand particles are on the order of tenths of millimeters and the volume fraction of the sand that is blown into a core box is generally 50% or higher. In this range a strong coupling exists between the sand and air so their mixture can be modeled as a single, composite fluid. Two-phase effects resulting from differences in the velocities of the two materials are accounted for using an approximation for their relative velocity that is referred to as a Drift-Flux.
This composite and relative velocity approach has been selected as the basis for the granular media model. It is assumed that the sand/air mixture can be represented as a single fluid with a sharp free surface at its boundary with the surrounding air. The composite fluid, however, is allowed to have a non-uniform density, depending on the degree of sand compaction. The viscosity of the mixture is a function of density and shear stress. Because the majority of momentum transfer is by particle-particle collisions the sand-air mixture has the character of a shear thickening material.
For the purpose of including vents in a core box all pure air regions (also referred to as void regions) are treated as adiabatic bubbles. An adiabatic bubble is a region of air surrounded by fluid or solid walls. The pressure in a bubble is a function of the bubble volume and has a uniform value over the region occupied by the bubble. Vents in a core box allow air within bubbles to be vented to the exterior of the box.
Sand Core Blowing Applications
To illustrate some of the differences that can occur in a granular material as opposed to a fluid, a simple two-dimensional wedge shape hopper was set up with a 1 cm wide tube at the bottom. The simulation is started with the bottom tube empty.
Sand was initialized at its close packing limit of 0.63 volume fraction. Sand at the bottom of the opening to the discharge tube begins to fall under the action of gravity, but nearly all the sand above remains stationary, Figs. 1-4, where the color is the flow resistance caused by packing (red being perfectly rigid). In a short time a bubble like region is formed and moves up toward the top surface of the sand. Only flow around the surface of the bubble is seen until the bubble reaches the top then it causes a collapse of the surface. The indentation in the top surface has localize flow that reduces its sides to a specified angle of repose of 34°. Meanwhile another bubble forms at the bottom to repeat this pattern.
To illustrate the application of this new model to sand core blowing, a simulation was performed to compare with data in the paper "Development and use of Simulation in the Design of Blown Cores and Moulds," by D. Lefebvre, A. Mackenbrock, V. Vidal, V. Pavan and P.M. Haigh., Hommes & Fonderie, December 2004. The data is for a two-dimensional die geometry with one filling port. Venting of the die was asymmetric so that the influence of vents on the filling pattern could be studied.
The size of the simulation region (core box) was 30 cm wide by 15 cm high and 1 cm thick. Sand/air mixture of density 1.508 gm/cc was driven into the box with a pressure of 2 atmospheres absolute at the entrance to the box. There were five open vents on the right side of the box plus six more that were closed on the bottom and left side of the box. This arrangement leads to an asymmetric filling of the box.
The computational grid consisted of 80 mesh cells horizontally and 40 vertically. The time for the simulation to reach a fully filled core box was 0.07s and required a CPU time of about 8.9s running in serial mode on a 3.2GHz Pentium 4 PC computer (satisfyingly small, but of course, this was only a 2D case with 3200 cells in the computational region).
A comparison of the results from the continuum model simulation with photos from the Lefebvre, et al paper is given in Fig. 5. The visual agreement is seen to be very good in many details. The simulation captures the asymmetric influence of having vents closed on the left side.


text:
【CONT】Memory If a card named「Dotop TV」 is in your memory, your other character in the middle position of the center stage gets +1000 power. 【ACT】［REST this card］Choose one of your 《Music》 characters, and that character gets +1000 power until end of turn.
Card Type: Character
Rarities: C = Common; U = Uncommon;
R = Rare; RR = Double Rare;
RRR = Triple Rare;
SP = Special; SR = Special Rare;
CC = Climax Common; CR = Climax Rare;


text:
Twelve months ago, this was one of our images of 2011.
It's a Flame Shell, a 'cryptic' marine species with bright orange feeding tentacles. It is found only in a a very few west coast locations. This one was photographed in 2011 [© SNH] in flame shell beds in Loch Linnhe in Argyll, during one of 15 marine surveys carried out by Scottish Natural Heritage in that year.
The surveys covered 2,000 square miles of Scotland's seabed – a stunning achievement revealing major Flame Shell beds in Loch Fyne as well as Loch Linnhe and other locations.
Now, a year later, the Flame Shell is back in the news, with the discovery of a massive 75 hectare Flame Shell reef in Loch Alsh, estimated to contain over 100 million examples of the species.
This has come from a survey by Heriot Watt University, commissioned by Marine Scotland and will now be subject to special protection.
Note: The image above of a Flame Shell is © SNH and may not be reproduced without permission.


text: Cost is one of the major factors to be considered when choosing a thermal insulator. Design engineers continuously strive to provide the best at the lowest possible cost. In the tropics climatic conditions are essentially hot and humid and a cause for daily discomfort. To some extent, air-conditioning of buildings has solved this problem. The major deterrent to air-conditioning is the exorbitant cost of imported thermal insulation materials. This has prompted a search for local, low-cost but effective thermal insulation for buildings. Coconut fiber is available at minimal cost from the copra industry in Trinidad, as it is a waste product from the coconut. The viability of using coconut fiber as building thermal insulation was explored by conducting thermal conductivity tests on 200 mm × 400 mm × 60 mm thick slab-like specimens. The test equipment used was a locally designed constant temperature hot box apparatus. This apparatus was designed to test slab-like specimens under steady-state conditions. The reliability if this experimental set up was checked using Gypsum Plaster. The thermal conductivity test results for coconut fiber over the density range 30 kg/m3 to 115 kg/m3 showed the characteristic hooked shape graph for fibrous material. For the 60 mm thick specimens at a mean temperature of 39 °C, a minimum thermal conductivity of 0.058 W/mK occurred at an optimum density of 85 kg/m3. The thermal conductivity of commonly used industrial insulators, namely loose-fill expanded vermiculite, cellular glass and blanket fiber glass, at a mean temperature of 38 °C are 0.066 W/mK, 0.061 W/mK and 0.052 W/mK respectively . When compared, these results show that air dried coconut fiber has far reaching potential for use as an effective building thermal insulation.


text:
Americans say "Zee" for the letter Z. Canadians say "Zed" instead. In both North American countries, their militaries say "Zulu" so that radio or telephone messages can be understood clearly. If you're a defense contractor that makes military vehicles, it's important to know you'll receive exactly what you asked for. Elasto Proxy, a trusted member of the defense supply chain, can custom-fabricate thermal acoustic insulation that meets all of your requirements.
In this product overview, you'll learn about two types of thermal acoustic insulation – each with part numbers that begin with Z. So whether you say Zee, Zed, or Zulu, you can count on Elasto Proxy's U.S. and Canadian offices to support the mission every time.
ZTBRA Acoustic Thermal Insulation
- aluminum foil or Mylar facing
- polyester (PE) or polyurethane (PU) open cell acoustic foam
- polyvinyl chloride (PVC) barrier material
- pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) with a special liner
The aluminum foil or Mylar facing reflects radiated heat and provides improved resistance to fluids and tearing. This foil or facing is laminated onto the PE or PU foam, an open cell acoustical material that absorbs the low frequencies common to big diesel engines. The PVC barrier material also helps to block the passage of sound, and provides resistance to liquids and gases such as water and water vapor. The special PSA liner peels easily for ease and speed of installation.
ZTBRA thermal acoustic insulation is recommended for applications where the maximum service temperature does not exceed 300° F, and where there's only short-duration exposure to high heat. For applications that must withstand higher temperatures or sustained levels of heat, Z3T is used. Elasto Proxy can also custom-fabricate insulation sandwiches for other, application-specific requirements. For example, we can supply engine bay insulation that resists water and detergents from wash-downs.
Z3T Acoustic Thermal Insulation
Z3T is a sandwich-like composite that's made of these materials.
- silicone-coated fiberglass facing
- open cell silicone foam
- PVC barrier material
- PU or PE foam
- PSA with a low-density polyurethane (LDPE) liner
The silicone-coated fiberglass facing can withstand continuous temperatures of 500° F and will not deteriorate when exposed to fire. The open-cell silicone foam absorbs higher-frequency sounds. The PVC barrier blocks lower frequency sounds in the 400 Hz to 600 Hz range. The PU or PE decoupler is made of 1/4"-thick foam that prevents the transfer of vibration and sound to nearby components. Without this foam decoupler, metal components would vibrate (and cause sound). The decoupler also improves the energy absorption of the barrier.
Finally, the PSA adhesive and LDPE liner makes Z3T installation cost-effective and easy-to-install. Although Z3T is designed for higher-temperature applications, an expensive high-temperature PSA isn't required. Rather, a commercial PSA that can withstand temperatures up to 250° F may be used. That's because the PSA isn't right near the heat source, and the other layers in Z3T block or absorb significant amounts of heat. The LDPE liner also strengthens Elasto Proxy's Z3T product because, unlike paper, this plastic won't tear when peeled and stretched.
We Speak Your Language
For over 25 years, Elasto Proxy has supplied defense contractors with low-to-medium volume quantities of high-quality rubber and plastic parts. Do you have need thermal acoustic insulation for military vehicles? Are you seeking a supply chain partner whose defense industry experience complements your own? For 25 years, Elasto Proxy has been solving sealing challenges on land, air, and sea.


text:
of Heaven -- an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing
Beijing, 116° 26' E, 39° 50' N
|Inscribed :1998 Criteria: C (i) (ii) (iii)
Justification for Inscription:
Criterion i: The Temple of Heaven is a masterpiece of architecture
and landscape design which simply and graphically illustrates a cosmogony
of great importance for the evolution of one of the world's great civilizations.
Criterion ii: The symbolic layout and design of the Temple of
Heaven had a profound influence on architecture and planning in the Far
East over many centuries.
Criterion iii: For more than two thousand years China was ruled
by a series of feudal dynasties, the legitimacy of which is symbolized
by the design and layout of the Temple of Heaven.
of the 22nd Session of the Committee
The Temple of Heaven, founded in the first half of the 15th century,
is a dignified complex of fine cult buildings set in gardens and surrounded
by historic pine woods. In its overall layout and in that of its individual
buildings, it symbolizes the relationship between earth and heaven which
stands at the heart of Chinese cosmogony, and also the special role played
by the emperors within that relationship.
with Partner Institutions:
of Heaven (Beijing Xinglihang Science & Technology, Inc.)
WHC Web: _URL_


Departmental Mission
The University of Oregon Department of Intercollegiate Athletics will provide an outstanding collegiate experience to our student-athletes while enabling them to pursue excellence in the classroom, the community and their lives while competing at the highest level in their chosen sport.
Our department is committed to the following principles:
 - Strive to recruit student-athletes who are academically prepared and make every effort to help each meet their academic commitments.
 - Provide academic support services so that our student-athletes will receive the best educational experience, including obtaining their degree.
 - Create a supportive family atmosphere where student-athletes feel connected to their peers, the community and the University.
 - Ensure that student-athletes will become responsible, contributing citizens through career counseling, development of life skills and community service opportunities.
 - Provide facilities and medical staff to enhance the physical fitness and wellness of all student-athletes.
 - Require all members of our department to demonstrate and promote the highest standards of integrity, leadership, sportsmanship, ethical behavior and a true respect for equity and diversity.
 - Maintain a quality comprehensive intercollegiate athletic program that is self-sufficient and self-sustaining in harmony with the mission and goals of the University.
 - Operate in accordance with all rules and regulations set by the University, the PAC-12 Conference and the NCAA.


that wasn't captured before by other functions.
A function that uses any globals automatically captures _ENV, and this counts as a captured variable. (Unless _ENV is explicitly re-declared, it never counts as a newly captured variable, though.)
If a function is created multiple times, the previously created instance is reused if possible, thus costing nothing. The previous instance can be reused if it has no captured variables, or if it has captured variables but they're all the same variables as the captured variables of the new function.
 - thread (created by cocreate) - 352 bytes.


A pianist from the UK played classical music to soothe hungry monkeys in Thailand - watch the video
Tuesday, 24th November 2020, 4:03 pm
Updated Tuesday, 24th November 2020, 4:05 pm
Coronavirus restrictions around the globe have resulted in places usually packed with people being left deserted, especially those frequented by tourists.
The effect of no regular visitors has been seen in Lopburi, Thailand, where wild macaque monkeys are normally fed by those visiting the province, usually at the ancient site of Phra Prang Sam Yod - aptly known as Monkey Temple.
But one local human resident has found a way to soothe the hunger of the crab-eating macaques - also known as long-tailed macaques.
Raising awareness of the hunger of the macaques
UK born pianist, Paul Barton, who now lives in Thailand, has been playing the piano to the monkeys as a way of soothing them from their hunger.
He said, "It's possible that the music can play a part of the rehabilitation process."
The pianist has been playing Greensleeves, Beethoven's Fur Elise, and Michael Nyman's Diary of Love to the monkeys - some of which climb on his head as he plays.
Mr Barton said he hoped his concert would raise awareness about the monkeys' hunger during the pandemic, adding, "We need to make an effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly they will be calmer and will not be aggressive."
Prior to playing music to monkeys, the pianist played the likes of Bach, Schubert, Chopin and Beethoven to elephants at retirement sanctuaries for more than a decade.
How long have the monkeys been in Lopburi?
Phra Prang Sam Yod was constructed in the 13th century in a heavily forested area, and when the city continued to gradually expand around the temple, the monkeys remained.
It's believed that locals didn't mind the presence of the monkeys, as the macaques were believed to be living representatives of the Hindu god, Hanuman, and seen as being symbolic of good luck.
However, their population has continued to grow, with it calculated that, as of the end of September this year, there are over 9,000 macaques in the province of Lopburi.


Change cache settings for the storage array
For all volumes in the storage array, you can adjust the cache memory settings for flushing and block size.
About this task
Cache memory is an area of temporary volatile storage on the controller, which has a faster access time than the drive media. To tune cache performance, you can adjust the following settings:
 1. Select Settings > System.
 2. Scroll down to Additional Settings, and then click Change Cache Settings.
 The Change Cache Settings dialog box opens.
 3. Adjust the following values:
 - Start demand cache flushing – Choose a percentage that is appropriate for the I/O used in your environment. If you choose a value lower than 80%, you may notice decreased performance.
 - Cache block size – Choose a size that is appropriate for your applications.
 4. Click Save.


Kilnave Cross and Chapel
Bridgend, Islay OS Map
Early Christian Cross; Chapel Canmore
Also known as Cill Naoimh; Cill Neimh
Kilnave stands on the west shore of the sandy estury of Loch Gruinart at the northwest of Islay. There's a ruined chapel here which is probably late-mediaeval in date within a Victorian enclosure. But much older is the free-standing cross which is held in a modern concrete base. RCAHMS date the cross to either the 5th or the 8th century.
The cross has been badly weathered over the centuries and much of the surface has flaked off, leaving very little of any original decorative carving to be seen.
The burial ground also contains gravestones that are modern and dated stones going back to the 1700s
Tradition has it that the chapel was burned down in 1598, whilst inside were the fugitives from a local battle.
Images ©2014 Martin McCarthy, Theasis Photography
Nearby Sites
17km Cultoon Stone Circle


Nodal Load
Glossary Term
There are various load types that can be applied to a structural model. If a nodal load is defined, the load acts individually on a define node. It can be defined for each of the six degrees of freedom (force or moment) independently of each other.
The load can be entered by component (with regard to the respective coordinate system) or by direction (for example, rotated about a certain axis).
Nodal forces act positively if the load arrows point in the directions of the positive axes of the respective coordinate axes system.
The positive nodal moments act by right-hand twist about the corresponding positive global axis. In the program, the directions of the loads are displayed in the dialog box of the load entry in a preview picture.
Entering in RFEM and RSTAB
Nodal loads can be entered and defined in RFEM and RSTAB graphically by clicking 'Insert' → 'Loads' → 'Nodal Loads' → 'Graphically' or the corresponding button, or in tables using the Data navigator.
Keywords
nodal load, load types
Bibliography
Links


text:
One giant leap for mankind – The work underway to make spaceflight accessible and how you can get involved
The recent announcement of British amputee John McFall as the first European Space Agency 'Parastronaut' has brought disability and spaceflight together for the first time in the public eye. Spaceflight, low earth orbit, travelling to the moon and Mars and beyond, are coming in our lifetimes. Mankind is driven to explore and travel to new places. As an inclusive society we need to make sure that people with disabilities can participate in this exciting field of exploration. The European Space Agency (ESA) and the UK Space Agency (UKSA) are engaging with the disabled community to explore what is safe and practical. Key questions need to be answered – What are the physiological concerns for a parastronaut before, during and after space flight? Which disabilities are suitable and safe for spaceflight? Projects are now underway to start to answer these questions, and working with the disabled community is key. This session will present some of the challenges, the current state of the research, and also highlight how to get involved.


text:
The impacts of climate variability and extreme weather events are becoming a concern to the Republic of Mauritius, including Rodrigues, St Brandon and Agalega. The climate of the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) small island states is influenced by large ocean-atmosphere interactions such as trade winds. They are often affected by tropical cyclones and other extreme weather. Some of them like the Saint Brandon or the Cargados Carajos Shoals and Agalega Islands are threatened by sea-level rise as well.
Current Situation and Challenges
Though the GHG emission of Mauritius is insignificant, warming of our climate and its effects on our natural and ecological system are unavoidable and already palpable. Analyses of temperature recorded at Mauritius and its outer islands show a definite warming trend. Average temperature at all stations is rising at the rate of 0.15 °C per decade and has risen by 0.74 – 1.2 °C when compared to the 1961-90 long term mean. At some urban stations the temperature has risen by even greater amounts.
Similar warming trends have also been observed at the outer islands like Rodrigues, St Brandon and Agalega. The last two of these islands are 1.5 km2 and 70 km2 in area, at about 2 m above mean sea level at their highest point and a variable population of less than 100. The temperature at Agalega is rising at the rate 0.11 °C per decade with an average rise of 0.62 °C during the last ten years when compared with the 1961-90 mean. Temperature at St Brandon and Rodrigues has warmed up by 0.5 – 1.0 °C.
IPCC 2007 report concludes that average ocean temperature from surface to a depth of 700 meters has warmed up, though land surface temperature has increased more than ocean water temperature.
Sea levels in the southwest Indian Ocean based on reconstructed tide gauge data and Topex/Poseiden altimeter for the period _PHONE_ shows a rise of around 1.5 mm/yr at Port Louis and 1.3 mm/yr at Rodrigues, (Church, et al., 2006). Analysis of Port Louis data for the period _PHONE_ gives a mean rise of 2.1 mm/yr for the last 10 years. This slightly higher rise is consistent with IPCC WGII AR4 conclusions, although longer period of measurements are necessary for reliable conclusions.
Warming of the atmosphere has also impacted the hydrologic cycle over the southwest Indian Ocean. Long-term time series of rainfall amount over the past century (1905 to 2007) show a decreasing trend in annual rainfall over Mauritius. In fact the average rate of decrease per decade is around 57 mm. The total decrease during the last ten years is about 8% when compared to the 1950s.
Annual rainfall over the outer islands indicate significant variation from year to year but long-term analysis do show decreasing rainfall trend, though lesser than the main island Mauritius.
Other observed impacts are:
- A lengthening of the intermediate dry season, the transition period between winter and summer, has been observed.
- There has been a shift in the start of the summer rains. This shift in the onset of the rains is highly significant as it translates into much pressure on the water sector to meet increasing demands of the agricultural, tourism, industrial and domestic sectors.
- The number of consecutive dry days is increasing while the number of rainy days is decreasing.
- Even though the number of rainy days is decreasing, heavy rainfall events leading to numerous flash floods and temporary interruption of certain socio-economic activities during the summer months of February and March has increased
- The frequency of extreme weather events, heavy rains and storms of tropical cyclone strength or higher, has increased significantly over the last two decades.
Analysis of data from Mauritius Meteorological Services does not show any increase in the number of storms in the SWIO tropical cyclone basin. However, a plot of the number of storm formations over the last 32 years (1975- 2008) clearly shows an increasing trend in the number of storms reaching tropical cyclone strength (winds above 165 km/hr). Furthermore, since the last decade observations indicate rapid or even explosive intensification of tropical storms.
The SWIO Islands countries are realizing the tough realities of the effect of climate variability and climate change now occurring at a faster pace than ever before. Mauritius has recognized that much effort is needed to reduce the impacts of climate change on the natural and human environment of the country. A stakeholder's consultation exercise including the community at grass root level, NGOs and public and private sector identified those areas exposed to the highest risk. The following sectors were identified as most vulnerable to climate-related events are:
- Coastal zone
- Water Resources
- Human health
- Marine Resources
Concrete actions taken and progress achieved
Climate change activities in the Republic have been consistent towards sustainable development goals. The concept of a sustainable island is clearly defined in the "Maurice Ile Durable" programme presented in Parliament in June 2008. Since then both public and private sectors are making efforts to integrate climate change in new developments strategies.
Climate change and sea level rise monitoring has been enhanced in the following ways:
Network of an increased number of automatic weather stations
Installation of a new tide gauge at Agalega and another one at Blue Bay to monitor sea level
Sea surface temperature is being monitored at Blue Bay as well as from ship reports in the Indian Ocean
To meet our objectives under the UNFCCC, the following reports have been published:
United States Country Studies Programme (USCSP) on Inventory of GHG and Vulnerability and Adaptation
Climate Change Action Plan
Initial National Communication
Vulnerability and Adaptation of the sugar cane crop
Economics of GHG limitations
Vulnerability of coastal zone
Technology Needs Assessment
National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment
Stocktaking and Stakeholder consultation
The Second National Communication.
Conclusion and way forward
Public and private sectors of the economy and the population of the Republic of Mauritius in general, are gradually becoming aware of the threat posed by climate change and climate variability. Some concrete efforts have already been made to mitigate GHG by integrating climate change issues into new development strategies. There is strong political will to further enhance the existing policies as to develop resilience to the adverse impacts of climate change and to ensure the achievement of sustainable developments goals


text:
West Memphis, Arkansas Parking Lot Striping
West Memphis is the largest city in Crittenden County, Arkansas. The population was 26,245 at the 2010 census. This makes West Memphis the 18th largest city in the state. It is considered part of the Memphis metropolitan area. It is located right across the Mississippi River from Memphis.
Five Fun Things To Do in West Memphis
Wheel Stops in Your Parking Lot in West Memphis, AR
What are Wheel Stops and Why are They Used in Parking Lots?
Wheel stops are used where it is necessary to block vehicles from traveling into a certain area. They are also used in areas where pedestrians can be in danger of a parking vehicle or for stopping a car from colliding with a wall or a barrier. A wheel stop can prevent cars from getting over a walkway, embankment, drop off, or ditch. Local ordinance often requires the use of wheel stops in parking vicinity. ADA also encourages the use of wheel stops to prevent vehicles from entering routes used by pedestrians.
Wheel Stop Installation in Your Parking Lot
Wheel stops can be installed on different surfaces. However, the installation method varies according to the material of the wheel stop. The first step will be to clean the area where you want the installation to be done. Position the wheel stop and drill the holes. For rubber wheel stops, 10mm pilot holes are drilled to fix it into an asphalt surface. In the case of a concrete surface, the holes can go as thick as 50mm. Before fitting the nut in the hole, extract dust and clean the area.
If you are using wheel stops made of concrete, the procedure will remain the same except for the depth of the holes which can go as deep as 70 to 80mm. Clean the holes of any dust and then add sealant adhesive to the underside of the wheel stop. Before finalizing the installation, insert rubber plugs into the holes where the bolts were fixed.
What is the Purpose of Wheel Stops in Your Parking Lot?
Sometimes drivers mistime braking when they park their cars which can lead to moving the car further than intended or worse, hitting another vehicle. Since you can't do anything about other people's braking, it is best to install wheel stops in designated areas. These wheel stops can protect pedestrians from hazards as well and allows them to pass by.
These should be installed into places where contact with end barriers like high curbs needs to be avoided. Some local zoning also requires the installation of these to designate an area as non-accessible for vehicles.
Wheel stops also need to be maintained regularly and if they are not, they can cause more damage, and the chances of pedestrians getting injured can also increase.
CONTACT US TODAY FOR A FREE QUOTE.
Concrete and Asphalt Pavement Striping
for West Memphis and
the Entire Memphis, Tennessee Area


text:
Stephen Carlson wrote:As for what the term voice refers to, I think the best practice is to use it for the inflectional / morphological forms and use the term diathesis for the more abstract or conceptual notion of how a verb's synactic subject and object relate to the verb's arguments
RandallButh wrote:So Greek diathesis has two formal categories in some tenses and three formal categories in other tenses. But I don't recommend calling the morpho-syntactical categories "voices". That word is already defined in English, and it is always more difficult to erase a common, errant meaning, than to create a neologism built on a zero-meaning word. It may be simplest, and better, to say that some tenses have two categories of diathesis (whose FORMS are called ἐνεργητική and μέση ) and some tenses have three categories of diathesis (whose FORMS are called ἐνεργητική, μέση, παθητική). When a student inevitably asks, "is the παθητική like 'passive voice' in English?", the teacher can say "No, the Greek uses this category for many things that are not passive in English, like πορευθῆναι 'going away'."
At the stage of explaining, not naming, the categories, then [κοινή] and [ἑαυτική] become useful because they unite the μέση and παθητική categories, something that the Greeks did in some tenses, and then add the special use of παθητική with transitive verbs as 'passive'.
By the way, shall we call these three κατηγορίαι τῆς μορφῆς, or something like three σχήματα? I have tended to use σχήματα for different classes of forms, like verbs ἀγαπᾶν ποιεῖν πληροῦν.
Let me try this out and check my understanding.
There are 2 categories of endings in the present and three in the aorist and future:
- ἐνεργητική κατηγορία τῆς μορφῆς -- αἰτῆσαι, αἰτῶ, αἰτήσω, ᾔτησα"
μέση κατηγορία τῆς μορφῆς -- αἰτεῖσθαι, αἰτοῦμαι, αἰτήσομαι, ᾐτησάμην
παθητική κατηγορία τῆς μορφῆς --αἰτηθῆναι, αἰτηθήσομαι, ᾐτηθην,
The κοινή διάθεσις is consistently indicated by the first category, ἐνεργητική κατηγορία τῆς μορφῆς -- αἰτῆσαι. The second and third category may indicate either ἑαυτική or παθητική διάθεσις.
- κοινή διάθεσις signifies a "common" or default sense. In English we would call this the "active voice" sense.
ἑαυτική διάθεσις indicates an emphasis to one degree or another on how the subject is affected. The action may be done very personally by him, to his advantage/disadvantage, or may be done to himself. The extreme degree of affectedness on the subject might indicate an action which in English we would call "passive."
παθητική διάθεσις is a label used when the verb is clearly, by form and usage, carrying a "passive" idea.


New CAST instruction for Spin2
12467
Comments
 - cgraceycgracey Posts: 11,128
 edited 2019-05-23 - 01:22:32
 CASE FAST x
 How would that be?
 I think there needs to be some invocation beyond inference, so that the user is sure he's meeting the requirements and getting the desired performance.
 - Chip, how about "CASEN", since it's a 1 of N CASE statement?
 JUMP, GOTO, CAST, etc have *VERY* specific connotations in other languages, they should not be overloaded for purposes that are not semantically equal to another language.
 If you want to use 2 words to describe it, why not make a modifier for the CASE keyword?
 DIRECT CASE
 You would modify CASE with DIRECT to indicate it is the DIRECT form of CASE.
 - pedward wrote: »
 Chip, how about "CASEN", since it's a 1 of N CASE statement?
 JUMP, GOTO, CAST, etc have *VERY* specific connotations in other languages, they should not be overloaded for purposes that are not semantically equal to another language.
 If you want to use 2 words to describe it, why not make a modifier for the CASE keyword?
 DIRECT CASE
 You would modify CASE with DIRECT to indicate it is the DIRECT form of CASE.
 How about HOTCASE ?
 - Okay, if you think you must, how about hard case and add soft case as a synonym for case?
 For awhile, I was thinking briefcase, but that's just too cute, albeit somewhat appropriate.
 I still think inference is the better choice, though; although I toyed with, but rejected, nutcase. :smile:
 -Phil
 Perfection is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away. -Antoine de Saint-Exupery
 - CASE BYTE x, CASEB x, BYTECASE x ? assuming branch table index is going to be limited to bytes
 - jmgjmg Posts: 13,519
 cgracey wrote: »
 How about HOTCASE ?
 If your compiler needs a directive, then CASE TABLE is clearer than HOTCASE, which sends someone to the manual to figure what that means ?
 Do you also want to allow SKIP forms of case, in compact uses ?
 - I guess one reason I favor just case is that a primary function of any high-level language is to hide the implementation details from the programmer. So I still think a paragraph in the user manual is sufficient to distinguish the semantics between the two case types without messing with the syntax.
 -Phil
 Perfection is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away. -Antoine de Saint-Exupery
 - just Ugh.
 - Roy Eltham wrote: »
 just Ugh.
 JUST x

 Melbourne, Australia
 - Tonight, I will hopefully get this thing coded up.
 It is an ackowledged matter that naming is one of the biggest headaches in programming.
 - cgracey wrote: »
 Tonight, I will hopefully get this thing coded up.
 It is an ackowledged matter that naming is one of the biggest headaches in programming.
 The function itself is more important than the name.
 The name can be decided on later.
 As long as it's documented I don't really care what it's called. :lol:
 Melbourne, Australia
 - CASE BRIEF x
 Well, what I really want to say is BRIEF CASE :) :) :)
 Yeah, it's morning, so not at all serious !
 - it's best if it's something clear so it doesn't require looking up.
 which is why I like CASE TABLE x
 - Cluso99Cluso99 Posts: 14,955
 edited 2019-05-23 - 06:08:31
 @Phil,
 A specific variant is required as the programmer is calling for a specific implementation which might not be the preferred compiler method depending on the parameters/cases supplied.
 @all,
 CASE TABLE x seems to make the most sense to me. "TABLE" is only required to force a specific compiler implementation of the CASE statement. A table will be the result and it will be deterministic.
 It's not a faster or slower implementation as that depends on the various cases (sort of like operands). Same goes for size. So brief/fast/hot or similar do not make sense.
 So I vote for NUTCASE ;)
 My Prop boards: P8XBlade2, RamBlade, CpuBlade, TriBlade
 Prop OS (also see Sphinx, PropDos, PropCmd, Spinix)
 Website: _URL_
 Prop Tools (Index) , Emulators (Index) , ZiCog (Z80)
 - cgracey wrote: »
 CASE FAST x
 How would that be?
 I think there needs to be some invocation beyond inference, so that the user is sure he's meeting the requirements and getting the desired performance.
 CASE FAST is actually pretty good, I think
 - cgraceycgracey Posts: 11,128
 edited 2019-05-23 - 08:04:25
 I know this has gotten trivial, but I settled on this, for now:
 CASE_FAST x
 I wanted to keep the symbol FAST available for user purposes, so the fast case will be CASE_FAST.
 - TorTor Posts: 1,975
 I actually liked the WHEN suggestion.
 - How about TAJ, short for Table Address Jump. Then you could add MAHAL for some fancy added functionality later.
 In science there is no authority. There is only experiment.
 Life is unpredictable. Eat dessert first.
 - What about "CASEX"?
 Prop Info and Apps: _URL_
 - Rayman wrote: »
 What about "CASEX"?
 I proposed that earlier, but it didn't take.
 - Tor wrote: »
 I actually liked the WHEN suggestion.
 I like that, too. That name is actually better than CASE.
 - cgraceycgracey Posts: 11,128
 edited 2019-05-23 - 13:57:17
 It turns out that this CASE_FAST (or whatever you'd prefer to think of it as), has the same syntax as CASE, where you can put values and ranges before the ":". The ranges and values must be constants, though. And they must all be within 255 of eachother, though they can be any 32-bit values. And no more than 256 cases, plus one 'other' case for out-of-range/interstitial cases.
 - When? Really?
 Both case and whatever this address jump table method ends up being called are a method of calling 1 of n blocks of code to execute so "select", "choose", "pick", etc. would more logical names for both. If "case" was not already in common use I would have suggested SELE (or SEL=) for what is now case, and SELT for the address table jump.
 In science there is no authority. There is only experiment.
 Life is unpredictable. Eat dessert first.
 - cgraceycgracey Posts: 11,128
 edited 2019-05-23 - 18:33:18
 I've got it done.
 Here is the code that runs on the chip to make the CASE_FAST work:
 '
 '
 ' a: CASE_FAST init
 '
 ' entry:
 ' x index
 ' ptra[-1] address
 '
 ' exit:
 ' x address
 '
 '
 ' b: CASE_FAST done
 '
 ' entry:
 ' x address
 '
 casefi rflong y 'a get index base
 sub x,y 'a zero index
 rfword y 'a get index limiter
 fle x,y 'a limit index
 shl x,#1 'a make into word index
 getptr y 'a get rdfast pointer
 add x,y 'a add rdfast pointer into word index
 rdword a,x 'a read offset word
 add a,y 'a add rdfast pointer into offset word
 casefd mov a,x '| b get 'done' address
 popa x 'a b pop stack
 casex add a,pbase '| b add pbase
 _ret_ rdfast #0,a 'a b branch to case code

 And here is the code in the compiler (minus a bunch of subroutines), which compiles the CASE_FAST structure. I had to replace double-at's with ** to make it display on the forum:
 ;
 ;
 ; Compile block - 'case_fast'
 ;
 cb_case_fast: mov ebp,[column] ;set new column

 mov al,type_case_fast ;set new 'case_fast' blocknest
 mov ah,case_fast_limit/16+1 ;reserve case_fast_limit + 16 bstack variables
 call new_bnest

 lea eax,[**comp] ;optimize case_fast block
 call optimize_block

 call end_bnest ;done, end blocknest
 jmp cb_loop ;return to compile block loop

 **final_addr = 0
 **table_ptr = 1
 **source_ptr = 2
 **min_value = 3
 **max_value = 4
 **table_address = 5

 **comp: mov eax,**final_addr ;compile final address
 call compile_bstack_address

 call compile_exp ;compile target value
 call get_end

 mov al,bc_case_fast_init ;enter case_fast init
 call enter_ob