Ordinarily Extraordinary…
How would our leadership be described? Ordinary or extraordinary?
Ordinary is described with no special or distinctive features, normal, uninteresting, commonplace. Imagine where leadership leads with an ordinary approach.
Extraordinary is described as very unusual or remarkable, unusually great. It does not take long to know how we should answer the call to leadership.
If leadership remains ordinary, the results will be normal. However, if leadership strives to be extraordinary, the results are remarkable.
Consider the impact on taking that which is usual, with no special or distinct features and making it very unusual and remarkable.
When we consider our influence as spiritual leaders, followers deserve ordinarily extraordinary leadership.
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This study proposed a new way to formulate a low energy super-sulfated cement (SSC) which can be used to produce self-compacting concrete (SCC) with high compressive strength and durability in terms of chloride penetration resistance. This innovative SSC, different from the traditional SSC, was purely produced with a ternary mixture of three industrial by-products of ground granulated blast furnace slag, low calcium Class F fly ash and circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash and was denoted as SFC-SSC (super-sulfated cement made by mixture of slag, Class F fly ash and CFBC fly ash). Experimental results showed that the combination of a fixed amount of 15 wt.% of CFBC fly ash with various ratios of Class F fly ash to slag could be used to produce the hardened SCCs with high 28-day compressive strengths (41.8 - 65.6 MPa). Addition of Class F fly ash led to the resulting SCCs with lowered price and preferable engineering properties, and thus it was considered as state-of-the-art method to drive such type of concrete towards sustainable construction materials.
Super-sulfated cement (SSC), which is fabricated mostly without OPC, has been the research interest because of its low heat of hydration and superior resistance to chemical attacks. In the past decades, the SSC has been commonly used as one of commercial cements in Europe and India because when compared with the OPC manufacture, its manufacture is the simple, little consumption of natural material and energy and low carbon dioxide emissions -. Normally, the mixture of 80% - 85% ground granulated blast furnace slag, 10% - 15% sulfate activator (anhydrite or gypsum) and low amount of OPC (normally 5%) has been widely used for fabricating SSCs . For SSCs, because the glassy phases in slag are mostly monosilicates similar to those in Portland cement clinker, the slag particles will easily dissolve in low to mild alkaline solution and thus it plays a primary role as the main powder. However, the slag with large surface area and sharp particles cause the poor workability of the SSCs. Moreover, the cost of the SSCs is high due to the limited quantity of raw materials, such as slag required to include high alumina . To lower the cost of the SSC, the circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash has been used as activator instead of mixture of gypsum and OPC/hydrated lime used in traditional SSC . Similar to the conventional SSC, the SSCs triggered by CFBC fly ash also face the poor workability and the high cost because of high amount of slag. To reduce the cost of the SSC, the utilization of slag/fly ash blending powder triggered by flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum was proposed . However, the negative effect of fly ash additive on the compressive strength of cement was also observed. Therefore, the challenge of fabricating the SSCs with reduced cost and increased mechanical property is always the goal to pursue better SSCs with 100% by-product wastes. This study proposes a new way to produce highstrength self-compacting concrete (SCC) with an innovative low energy SSC, which, different from the aforementioned SSC, is purely composed of a ternary mixture of three industrial solid by-products of ground granulated blast furnace slag (S), low calcium Class F fly ash (F) and circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash (C). The addition of Class F fly ash in SFC-SSC (super-sulfated cement produced by mixture of slag, Class F fly ash and CFBC fly ash) is to improve both workability and mechanical properties of high-strength SFC-SSC concrete. According to the resulting mechanical and durability behaviors, the SFC-SSC concrete in this investigation challenges the conventional SCC concretes by eliminating the cost of OPC and reducing environmental impacts. This SFC-SSC concrete, therefore, is an important choice for the development of sustainability, as pointed out by Damtoft et al..
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Materials and Mix Proportions of SFC-SSC Concrete
The commercial Type I Portland cement in accordance to ASTM C150 was used as the reference binder. Mixture of Class F fly ash (FFA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and CFBC fly ash (CFA) were used to produce the SFC-SSC. The chemical and mineral compositions of raw materials were shown in Table 1 and Figure 1, respectively. Crushed natural stone with maximum size of 20 mm and river sand with fineness modulus (FM) of 2.9 were used as coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. The specific gravities of sand and crushed stone are 2.65 and 2.67, and water absorptions are 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively. Both sand and crushed stone were carefully washed to ensure good binding in concrete mixtures.
Table 1. Physical properties and chemical compositions of three industrial solid by-products.
GGBFS: ground granulated blast furnace slag; FFA: Class F fly ash; CFA: circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash.
In this study, the CFA with a fixed 15 wt.% of the combined mixture of FFA and GGBFS was used to trigger the hydration of SFC-SSC. Five values of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 wt.% of FFA, as partial replacement for GGBFS by 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 wt.%, were used to produce SFC-SSC. Flowable plain OPC concrete was cast for comparison. In addition, the concrete specimen using slag-CFA binder with an optimum mixture of 80 wt.% GGBFS and 20 wt.% CFA, as suggested by Dung, Chang, was also produced for comparison. The water to binder ratio (W/B) of SFC-SSC concrete was fixed at 0.3. The volume of paste and weight ratio of sand to mixture of sand and stone were fixed at 37.05% and 0.55, respectively. To control the workability of fresh concretes, Type G superplasticizer (SP) was used. The mix proportions of SFC-SSC concretes are shown in Table 2, where in the mixture designation, the characters F and C refer to the Class F fly ash (FFA) and CFBC fly ash (CFA), respectively. The numbers immediately following the characters represent the weight percentage of the materials used in the no-cement SFC binder.
2.2. Specimen Preparation and Test Methods
The property of fresh SFC-SSC concrete was adjusted in accordance with consistency and unconfined flow
Figure 1. XRD patterns of three industrial solid by-products.
Table 2. Mix proportions for self-compacting concrete (SFC-SSC concrete).
OPC: Ordinary Portland Cement; SP: Type G superplasticizer.
potential as suggested by ASTM C1611 and passing ability by J-Ring proposed by ASTM C1621. The cylindrical specimens of SFC-SSC concretes with diameter of 100 mm and length of 200 mm were cast for the tests of compressive strength in accordance to ASTM C39 and rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) in accordance to ASTM C1202. After 24 hours of curing in the molds at room temperature of 27˚C ± 2˚C, all specimens were removed and cured in the room temperature of 27˚C ± 2˚C and 65 % RH. To interpret the effect of mix proportion on the cost of the SFC-SSC concrete, the strength efficiency (SE) of concretes was calculated. The formula of the SE for the SFC-SSC concrete is assumed to be described as:
where,, and are the strength efficiency of SFC-SSC concretes, compressive strengths of concretes at testing time, and weight of GGBFS in a cubic mix proportion of concrete, respectively. Because the cost of GGBFS is higher than that of FFA or CFA, the decrease of cost of the SFC-SSC was associated with the increase of SE.
3. Results and Discussion
The fresh properties of the resulting SFC-SSC concretes are summarized in Table 3 and visually described in Figure 2. Table 3 shows that most of the SFC-SSC concretes illustrated the slump flow in range of 60 - 65 cm, as normally suggested for SCC manufacture. The increased FFA additive led to the increased flowability as demonstrated by the reducing amount of SP used. The visual stability index (VSI) values of the SFC-SSC concretes, based on ASTM C1611, were from 0 to 1 implies the accepted stability of the SFC-SSC concretes due to no segregation and bleeding (Figure 2). In this study, the SFC-SSC concretes with FFA additive had the excellent passing ability due to minor difference between slump flow and J-Ring flow (lower than 25 mm), which referred to no visible blocking. However, the SFC-SSC concretes without FFA additive had noticeable blocking during flowing because the difference between slump flow and J-Ring was beyond 25 mm. The increased CFA did not improve the fresh properties of the SFC-SSC concretes without FFA but

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: In this video, we will take a look at Motti tactics which were used by the Finnish in the Russo-Finnish Winter War in _PHONE_ First, we will take a look at the modern, codified version of the Motti tactics, according to the Mountain Operations field manual by the U.S. Army. And then take a brief look at the specific conditions of the Winter War. So let's get started… Motti tactics follow the Divide and Conquer principle. By breaking the enemy up into smaller pieces, and defeating those individually. A motti, in military terms is basically a pocket of enemy troops In order to perform Motti tactics, superior mobility is needed.. in combination with knowledge of terrain, …operating conditions and the environment. In addition, proper recon is necessary to determine where and when to engage. The attack on supplies and bivouacs will decrease the enemy's ability to defend itself against attacks, but also against the environment, thus constantly reducing its ability to fight and its morale. The tactics follow a simple three-step model: locating and fixing the enemy, isolating the enemy, attacking to defeat or destroy the enemy. First: locating and fixing the enemy. Hence we have now a log in front of us, and we need to stop it, to further an original analogy of cutting firewood. To accomplish this, obstacles, ambushes and raids are used to stop the enemy from moving. Whereas obstacles can be basically everything, like natural waterways, forests, ditches, mines, et cetera. and any combination of those. Another important part of the attacks and obstacles is to disturb the enemy's routine. Regular raids will hinder him from resting properly. Increasing the overall tension and lowering morale. Ideally, friendly units attack under the cover of night and terrain. An important part is the avoidance of the enemy security forces, and striking the enemy's operations to create a large amount of disturbance in the force. This should force the enemy to commit more of its troops for security, thus further reducing the overall effectiveness of his units. Hit-and-run tactics should be performed, unless an enemy unit can be easily destroyed. After the enemy is fixated, the second phase begins. The isolation of the enemy. In this phase, the log is basically cut up in to smaller parts of fire wood. Since the enemy is fixated, it is time to break up its troops by attacking weak points of the enemy formations; thus creating smaller pockets, or mottis. This will severely reduce the cohesion of the enemy, its ability to communicate and co-ordinate properly. This should lead the enemy to try to break out, and, while doing so, exhausting his forces even more. Once the enemy forces are separated, they are usually quite worn already. The final phase can begin; the destruction of each pocket. This is of course heavily dependent on the balance of force. If enough firepower is available, the enemy can be easily dealt with. If not, like it was for the Finnish in the Winter War, the enemy must be slowly worn down by weather, starvation, and each motti must be cleared out individually. Which brings us to the next part, the specific circumstances of the Winter War. The Winter War was ideally suited for Motti tactics for several reasons; First of, terrain and climate, Second, the capability of the Soviet forces, and third, the capability of the Finnish forces. If one looks at the simple map of Finland, you might miss something. Namely that large areas are covered by very dense forests. Through these forests, there were only a few, widely separated roads. Additionally, most of Finland's climate is classified as Subarctic. Of course, it didn't help that the Soviets started a war in the winter. Which created very adverse conditions. Some obvious, like a lot of snow. And some less obvious… Like that the daylight only lasted about five hours in December of 1939. As a result, the Soviet forces were usually split across wide areas because they had to move along the roads. Now the rigid behavior of the Soviet forces increased the desparity even more. Initiative, was something that in the Soviet forces could lead to problems with commissars and superiors. This was enforced by the purges of the officers' corps, because few competent commanders were left. Since the commander of the Finnish forces, Marshall Mannerheim served in the Imperial Russian Army before, he was very aware of the training, mindset and capabilities of the Soviet forces. Although the Soviet forces had large amounts of tanks, trucks, artillery and air planes, a lot of this equipment could not be used effectivelly. For instance, the few daylight hours extremely limited the use of air planes. A lot of the artillery was flat firing, which made it useless in the heavily forested areas, except for close-range. This is a stark counter to the Finnish forces, which were short of equipment of nearly every kind, basically no armor, weak artillery, old aircraft and a limited amount of ammunition. Yet, they knew what they were fighting for, whom they were fighting and they knew the terrain very well. The whole Finnish army was trained to fight especially in heavily forested areas. As an example, Now, if you look at the Motti tactics again, you can see why they were so effective in the Winter War. The Red Army was mostly bound to roads, thus the Soviet formations were scattered in long columns; logs ready to be chopped into fire wood. They had no proper ski troops for patrolling flanks and providing recon. Neither could the air force provide recon operations due to the long nights. Their rigid doctrine also would inhibit every initiative from the get go. The Finnish units, however, were trained for small unit tactics and high mobility. They all knew how to ski and often fought in terrain they knew very well. They could easily perform raids, long-term patrols, and harassing operations that were essential for Motti tactics. Additionally, in order to wear down the enemy, the Finnish attacked unusual targets, like field kitchens and camp fires, thus, robbing the ability of the enemy to feed and rest properly. Now since we've covered the essentials, a bit of a reality check in the short strategic context in regards to the Winter War. The term Motti Tactics became a buzzword like Blitzkrieg, in the international media during the early stages of the Second World War. For Blitzkrieg, we know that the term never existed in German doctrine nor planning. For Motti, the exact origins are not known. Basically, the Finns played to the strength, and the conditions to the battlefield, as a result the Motti tactics developed naturally. This is also underlined by the statements of the Finnish commanders. A major problem was that the Finnish had a hard time destroying the established Mottis, due to a lack of artillery, armor and air power. As they often had to starve, freeze and individually clear out each Motti, This took, of course, time and manpower, which the Finnish didn't have. Actually, Mannerheim wanted to avoid the creation of any fortified Soviet positions, because he knew of the tenacity of the Russian soldier in defense. So Motti tactics were effective in general, but due to lack of equipment, time and manpower, the Finnish couldn't exploit them fully, nor could they use them to gain a strategic advantage. As always, all sources are in the description with links to Amazon, and even free PDF's. Thank you for watching, and see you next time.


text: Black Ink - Egyptian Papyrus - Dark - 16x24in. - After the style of ancient Egyptians, these sheets begin with the pith of the papyrus plant which is cut into thin strips and soaked in water. The hydrated pieces are then cut to the length of the sheet to be made. A first layer of parallel strips is placed on a piece of cotton followed by a second layer perpendicular to the first. The completed sheet is then covered with a second piece of cotton and pressed between two pieces of felt to dry. Dark papyrus is "aged" in water longer than light papyrus to achieve a darker color and less solid sheet. Papyrus is suitable for painting, writing with many varieties of inks, and bookbinding. Egyptians consider it the "everlasting" paper as papyrus has been found in perfect condition in tombs and temples dating back to 2700 B.C.


text:
Guide to becoming a better manager with PINot a PI Client? Request a Demo
Have your employees completed the PI Behavioral Assessment? If not, use the Sending Assessments Guide to learn how to assess your employees and understand their drives, needs, and behaviors in the workplace. Then, come back here to learn about leveraging those results to develop your management capabilities.
All set? Now let's begin.
Here's your roadmap to using PI's tools to develop managers.
1. Manage people
Use these tools when:
- Entering a managerial role for the first time
- Managing a new employee
- Handling conflict between two employees
Whether you're a first time manager or one with years of experience, PI's Manager Development Chart provides you with actionable insights based on your behavioral drives. The chart includes a description of your natural strengths and respective caution areas to consider as a manager. There are also self-coaching tips provided to help you balance your most naturally occurring behavioral style in a variety of situations.
Here's how to generate the Manager Development Chart:
Have you ever managed two employees who just don't see eye to eye? Employee conflict can lead to decreased motivation, trust, and performance on a team.
The PI Relationship Guide is a tool designed specifically to mediate these conversations. Through awareness of employees' communication styles, strengths, cautions, and blockers, this guide can help you form better, more effective working relationships while minimizing personal squabbles.
Here's how to generate the 1:1 Relationship Guide:
Don't let different working styles get in the way of productivity. Reach out to your PI Champion to learn more about how the relationship guide can help you navigate those complex work relationships!
Are two employees not seeing eye to eye? Download their Relationship Guide and set up a meeting with them both. Here's a general framework for this conversation:
1. Start with Relationship Strengths – Open the conversation by exploring the strengths that the two recognize in each other. For example, " [Person 1] tell me something that [Person 2] does really well."
2. Move on to Relationship Cautions – Ask each employee to describe the conflict at hand without interrupting each other. If the conflict aligns with any of the cautions listed on the Relationship Guide, let the employees know that the conflict arose from a difference in their natural behaviorsthis often provides a sense of relief. If not, move on to step 3.
3. Give Relationship Tips – Using what you learned in the session and what you already know about the two employees, facilitate a conversation that explores actions they can each take based on the Relationship Tips section of the Relationship Guide. Remember that Relationship Strengths can be leveraged while planning these actions!
2. Manage expectations
Use the Management Strategy Guide when:
- Becoming a new manager for a team
- A new employee is added to the team
- Meetings with employees, such as 1 on 1s and Performance Reviews
A common pitfall for managers is thinking, "If I treat everyone how I want to be treated, I'll be a great manager." PI's Management Strategy Guide gives managers custom insights into how to manage others the way they want to be managed— no guesswork involved.
The guide identifies what management strategies will enable individuals to thrive, based on their behavioral preferences for workplace interactions, how they take action, respond to risk, and make decisions.
Here's how to generate the Management Strategy Guide:
Check out our Guide to Developing Individuals for more examples on when to use the Management Strategy Guide!
Print, download, or email a direct report's Management Strategy Guide to share with two people:
- The direct report
- The manager
(Both people should receive the same version of the Management Strategy Guide)
Have the manager and their direct report(s) work through the Management Strategy Guide exercise separately.
- The direct report should review page 1 and complete item 1 (Reflect) on page 2 as an assessment of their manager
- The manager should review page 1 and complete item 1 (Reflect) on page 2 as an assessment of themselves
Then, bring the two together for an action planning conversation. During this meeting, the manager and direct report will compare their responses from page 1 of the Management Strategy Guide to review both strengths and opportunities.
Finally, the manager & direct report will use items 2, 3, and 4 on page 2 of the Management Strategy Guide to build an action plan based on the discussion. Do this 1-2 times a year.
3. Manage growth
Use the Coaching Guide when:
- Aligning an employee's natural behaviors with your expectations of the role
- Preparing a new employee for the behavioral expectations of their role
- Coaching an employee towards better performance
Use the Coaching Guide to provide your employees with custom reflection questions based on their behaviors. These prompts will help them leverage their natural strengths for a given role—or identify areas of growth and actions to take to more closely meet the company's expectations for their role.
Consider what you are trying to achieve as a manager. Take into account the employee's situation. Is this a new employee? A low performer? High performer? Disengaged team member? This context, along with your intended outcome, will influence how you approach the conversation and identify specific actions to take to improve performance.
Here's how to generate a Coaching Guide:
- It is important that the employee come up with specific goals, and the solutions to take them to the next level. Support the employee in taking ownership of both the goal and the solution. Ask the employee where they think they have room for improvement. You may "know" the solution, but the idea is to get the employee to realize this on their own.
- Remember that the goal should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timely).
- Ask questions to help the employee come up with action items to accomplish their performance goal, such as, "What are some ways you could do that?"
- Here's an Employee Goals template that can help you get started.
- Follow up with the employee.
- Before the end of the meeting, agree to a follow-up plan. The follow up is an important but often forgotten step; work gets busy, and schedules become packed. Put time on your calendars now to check in later for progress, which can help keep both you and the employee accountable.
- Suggested check in dates are 30, 60, and 90 days out for short-term goals, or quarterly for longer-term goals.
When the employee's goal is attained with their current job, celebrate the accomplishment! Now it's time to look toward the future and what opportunities or career paths are available for the employee. Repeat this process with a future job in mind.
Use the Manager's Guide to Reference Profiles
General tips for managing employees for each of the 17 Reference Profiles.
PI's People Management Study
Discover the traits that most strongly correlate with great (and terrible) managers.


text: OBJECTIVES: Among individuals who satisfy diagnostic criteria for both major depressive disorder (MDD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), little is known about the role of familial tendency and environmental influences in disease susceptibility. Therefore, we aimed to examine if there is a genetic component to the co-occurrence of MDD and IBS in participants from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. METHODS: We implemented a nested case-control analysis and a co-twin control analysis. IBS cases were ascertained using an adapted version of the Rome II criteria and MDD cases were assessed using a shortened version of the Computerized International Diagnostic Interview. The case-control analysis included individuals with complete covariate information (N = 29,616), and adjusted for twin pair, 3-yr age band, and sex. The co-twin control analysis considered 288 twin pairs discordant for IBS. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using generalized estimating equations for the case-control analysis and conditional logistic regression for the co-twin control analysis. RESULTS: In all analyses, comorbid disorders of chronic widespread pain, chronic fatigue-like illness, and MDD were more common in IBS cases than controls. In the case-control analysis, individuals with IBS had an increased odds of MDD (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3-3.2). In the co-twin analysis, the association was similar (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.3) when both MZ and DZ twins were used, and larger among only MZ twins (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7-6.1). CONCLUSIONS: From this analysis, we found no evidence that genetic and family environmental factors explain the association between MDD and IBS. Rather, one of these disorders appears to be part of the disease-causing sequence of events, or biologic disease pathway, for the other disorder. However, it was not possible to evaluate the timing of onset between MDD and IBS in this study.


text:
Trisol is a desert world located within the darkest depths of the Forbidden Zone in the Galaxy of Terror and home to the Trisolians. It is a trinary star system. Trisol orbits two main stars, with the third star orbiting farther out. At night, when all three suns are not visible, the Trisolians begin glowing.
Locations of Interest
- Landing Area, where the Planet Express ship lands: miles from the palace.
- Trisol Palace, large enough to house a massive population of Trisolians. It's made of sand, but it appears to be supported by wood.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
ate some of the noise produced during electrical generating activities.
Primary sources of plant noise affecting the nearby areas are the forced draft fans and gas regulators. Sound measurement samples were taken at ground level approximately 100 feet from the plant facades. Typical results were about 82 dBA adjacent to the fans and 80 dBA 50 feet from the gas regulators. The fans are at an elevation of approximately 8 to 10 feet above the ground; however, the ducting complex extends to a height of approximately 30 to 40 feet. Silencers have been applied to all four fan units. Silencers have also been installed on the flash tank pipes. Other noise sources include the transformers on the northerly side of the main building complex and a wastewater facility on the southern side. Automatic safety relief valves are another noise source, but as reported by plant personnel, the vents operate infrequently in order to prevent catastrophic events. Three of the four generating units were operating on the day of the sound measurements.
A CT on the South Bay plant site was operating and was monitored to operate at a noise level of 76 dBA at a distance of 50 feet.
Long-term (24-hour) noise measurements were conducted at the northwest plant boundary, nearest the Marina, which is the sensitive receptor nearest the South Bay plant. Long-term noise was monitored to be 61 dBA, CNEL. Daytime noise measurements were taken at various locations along the perimeter of the plant property lines. In the southwest corner of the plant, noise levels averaged 60 dBA, with plant noise being the dominant source. At the southeast corner of the property to be sold, noise levels were monitored to be 61 dBA, with traffic on I-5 dominating the noise environment. Daytime noise levels at the northeast corner of the plant property were monitored to range from 54 to 60 dBA, with I-5 traffic dominating the noise environment and no audible plant noise. Long-term monitoring at the property line of the plant indicates that existing plant operations are in compliance with the Chula Vista Noise Ordinance relative to heavy industrial land uses. Because of the distance to residential land uses, plant noise would be less than 45 dBA at the nearest residential land uses, which are located across I-5.
El Cajon Substation CT
The El Cajon CT is located in a commercial area of the City of El Cajon. The nearest sensitive receptors are residential units located approximately 400 feet to the south on Richfield Avenue. The CTs only operate during periods of peak electrical demand and are generally in operation less than 100 hours per year. The El Cajon CT was not in operation during the site visit. Monitoring conducted during operation of the CT at the South Bay plant indicates that a single CT operates at a noise level of 76 dBA at a distance of 50 feet.
Kearny Construction and Operation Center CTs
Nine CTs are located at two proximate locations at the Kearny site. Land uses in the area are industrial and commercial, and sensitive noise receptors are not located within one-half mile of either facility. The CTs were not in operation during the site visit, and localized vehicle traffic was the main source of noise at these locations.
Miramar Yard CTs
Two units are located at the Miramar site, which is surrounded by industrial land uses. There are no sensitive noise receptors located within one-half mile of the Miramar station. The CTs were not in operation during the site visit.
Naval Station CT
The Naval Station CT is located on the San Diego Naval Base, under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Navy. The CT is located within an industrial steam energy complex operated by an independent operator (Sithe Energies). Operations of Sithe dominate the noise environment of the Naval Station site, which was monitored to be 69 dBA at the property line. The CT was not in operation during the site visit. This CT is not located proximate to sensitive noise receptors.
Division Substation CT
The Division Substation CT is located approximately 500 feet from the Naval Station CT in a parking lot adjacent to industrial land uses. Vehicle traffic dominates the noise environment of the Division site, which was monitored to be 58 dBA at the property line. The CT was not in operation during the site visit. This CT is not located proximate to sensitive noise receptors.
Naval Training Center CT
The Naval Training Center site is located adjacent to the San Diego Airport, which contributes substantially to the noise environment. The CT is located within an industrial steam energy complex operated by Sithe Energies. Operations of Sithe dominate the noise environment of the Naval Training Center site, which was monitored to be 72 dBA at the property line. The CT was not in operation during monitoring. Non-military sensitive receptors are not located within the vicinity of the Naval Training Center site. Military structures, which may include barracks, exist approximately 1,000 feet from the CT site.
North Island Naval Air Station CTs
The North Island site is located on Coronado Island at the U.S. Naval Air Station, under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Navy. The CT is located within an industrial steam energy complex operated by an independent operator (Sithe Energies). Operations of Sithe dominate the noise environment of the North Island site, which was monitored to be 79 dBA at the property line. The CT was not in operation during monitoring. No sensitive land uses are located near the CT, which is in an industrial area of the air station.
24th Street Terminal Refueling Facility
The 24th Street Terminal is a fuel storage facility located in an industrial area of National City. The noise environment of the terminal is dominated by vehicle traffic and noise from surrounding industrial operations. The terminal itself is not a substantial source of noise. Ambient noise levels were monitored to be 58 to 65 dBA. Sensitive noise receptors are not located within a one-half-mile radius of the facility.
a) INCREASES IN EXISTING NOISE LEVELS
An important part of a noise analysis is the identification of noise-sensitive land uses, such as residential properties and schools, that may be affected by a project. As described under "Setting," above, one of the two power plants (Encina) is located near a number of residential areas and other noise-sensitive land uses.
As a general rule, noise produced by a single generating unit is fairly constant over a range of loads (PG&E, 1996). This means that a unit operating at anywhere from 25 to 100 percent of its maximum capacity would produce a similar noise level. The plants would have a tendency to operate at a higher capacity under new ownership. As a result, although noise levels from a single operating unit are not expected to increase during increased plant operations, individual units may operate more often, or the frequency of multiple units in operation simultaneously could increase, which would increase the overall noise environment near the power plants to some degree.
Night is the most sensitive time for noise effects. The expected result of potential increases in generation would be that multiple units are operated at night (two units would be expected to produce a noise level about 3 dBA higher than one unit). However, current information indicates that multiple boilers are occasionally left on at night but at a somewhat lower capacity than during the daytime (which does not affect the noise levels). Steam boilers are generally started during daytime hours; nighttime start-ups are not expected as a reasonably foreseeable consequence of divestiture (Weatherwax, 1997). Inasmuch as multiple units are sometimes operated at night under existing conditions without identified noise impacts and within the applicable noise ordinance criteria, the operation of multiple units at night under divestiture would not constitute a significant impact. If multiple units operating at night were to operate at higher capacity levels, this would also not be significant because (as discussed earlier) noise produced by a single unit is fairly constant over a range of loads.
CTs are operated only to meet peak demand needs because they have inherent inefficiencies. While the potential exists for CTs to operate more frequently in the future, this potential would be the result of increased power demands or restructuring and not due to the simple divestiture of the CTs.
Additionally, the transfer of ownership may require relatively minor construction (i.e., construction of fences or driveways), which would likely be limited to activities necessary to separate the divested generating units from on-site transmission and distribution equipment, ownership of which would be retained by SDG&E. New construction may generate noise levels that are unacceptable to noise-sensitive land uses. However, such noise is anticipated to be short term, would occur during the daytime, and would cease at the completion of the minor construction activities. Construction activities would be subject to the specific requirements in local Noise Ordinances. Therefore, potential construction impacts would not create significant effects on sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the power plants.
Increased operations resulting from the project could cause relatively small noise level increases at some locations; these would not be significant. Accordingly, mitigation measures addressing noise are not required to be incorporated into the project.
b) EXPOSURE TO SEVERE NOISE
The project would not expose people to severe noise levels at any of the facilities to be divested or in their vicinities. "Severe" noise levels are generally regarded as those levels that can produce hearing damage or other health effects. Typically, severe noise levels are associated with such activities as pile driving, blasting, or military jet operations. The project would not result in the types of activities that would produce severe noise levels.
On occasion, automatic safety relief valves installed on boilers at the Encina and South Bay Power Plants are activated, resulting in a high-pitched whistling sound that lasts for a short period of time. If operations at the power plants increase from

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Designing for Fabrication
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While oriented towards the customer quoting a part, _URL_ is a good overview of the various considerations involved in designing a part for machining. PDF
_URL_ [1]
Excellent article: _URL_ which nicely enumerates the steps from design through manufacture:
 1. Design Idealized Part
 2. Modify Design for Manufacturing Needs
 3. CNC Programming
 4. Simulation (Optional)
 5. Machine Setup
 6. Program Proofing
 7. Machine the Part
 8. Quality Control
 9. Finishing
Designing the Part
One of the hardest parts of any job is figuring out how to design the part so you can manufacture it. It's very easy to design a part that is difficult, impossible, or just very expensive to manufacture. Even experienced designers do it sometimes.
Since we are doing the work ourselves, expensive doesn't really enter into the equation, but you could exchange the words "time consuming" for "expensive" and get the same idea. This may be a hobby but that doesn't mean you shouldn't think about optimizing your machining process. Especially if you are going to make more than one copy of the part.
The best time to think about this is while you are still in the design phase. Some of the useful questions to ask yourself are:
 - How can I make this part simpler?
The most important question. Simpler is always better.
 - Are there sharp inside corners that can/should be radii?
Sharp inside corners create stress risers and that leads to cracks. Even a tiny radius in the corner will relieve the stresses. In the machine shop where I worked it was common to take a stone to the square end mills and put a small radius on them.
 - Can I machine this all from one side or do I need to turn it over?
 - If I have to turn it over, how am I going to hold it?
 - If I have to turn it over, how am I going to register the two sides?
I start thinking about fixtures with these questions. Where can I put dowel holes into the back of the part and not affect the function or looks? Are there screw holes that I can use to fasten the part to the fixture? Can I add some if there are not?
 - How many different tools will I need to mill this?
 - What is the largest radius I can leave in the corners?
Fewer tools are better. If I can do it all with a 1/4" bit that's great. I have one part that I make that requires four different tool changes just to mill the back side. That also means I have to reset the Z Zero for each tool change. This is one example of "time consuming".
 - What post-milling operations will I need to perform? (Drill press, etc.)
 - How can I minimize these operations?
 - How will I pick up the location for these operations?
 - Will I be able to hold the part? Reach the areas I need to with the tools I have?
Sometimes you need to drill or tap some holes in the part that you just can't do with the ShapeOko. Then you need to figure out how you can do these operations. It might even require another fixture.
 - What fixtures am I going to need for this?
 - How am I going to hold the part?
Sometimes a simple vise will do. Sometimes you can screw it to some waste board. Sometimes you have to build specific fixtures. I always make a fixture if I'm going to make more than one of something and I can't put it in my vise. A fixture can be as simple as a piece of waste board with two strips of wood screwed to it to make a 90 degree corner to locate the stock in. Fasten the waste board down and you have a repeatable Zero.
 - What happens to the pieces when they get fully cut out?
 - Are there areas that will come loose during the cutting and move around?
 - Where are tabs, screws, and other hold downs acceptable?
It's bad if parts come loose and fly around. Sometimes I'll put holes for screws in unimportant areas and break the program up so I can pause and screw down the parts. Adding tabs is a useful strategy, but there may be areas where the tabs would be difficult to remove.
 - What will I use for my Zero locations?
 - How precisely do I need to locate the Zeros?
 - Where will Z Zero be? Top of part? Top of fixture?
When you create your G code, you need a Zero location. In general this should be something easy to pick up like the edges and top surface of the stock. But it can be wherever you want it to be. Some people use the center of the stock.
If you cut your stock a little over-size and machine the whole outside profile then you can just kind of eyeball the X and Y zero. Assuming of course that you don't have machining on the back side that needs to line up.
 - How precise does this really need to be?
 - Are there a few holes that need to line up and the rest just needs to 'work'?
 - Does it fit inside something/something fit inside it?
Answering these questions can change the type of fixture you need to use. If it just needs to be 'good enough' then you can clamp it in a vise and get to work. If there are holes that need to line up from front to back, then you might want to add some locating dowels.
Adding Geometry for G-Code Generation
Once you have the part designed you need to generate the G-Code to machine it. Quite often this will require adding more geometry to the CAD file. Many CAM programs will also allow you to add geometry, but I usually do it in the CAD program. The primary CAM program I use (CamBam) does not have very useful geometry editing tools yet.
Additionally, if you are designing in a 2D CAD package (I use LibreCAD,) you will probably have extra geometry that you don't need for machining such as side views, sections, dimensions, etc.
I usually make a copy of the CAD file and remove the extraneous data. Then I start adding geometry for machining. At a bare minimum I will add a bounding box for the stock. This allows me to locate the Zero in the CAM package.
I don't usually worry about where the CAD drawing Zero is, since you can relocate it easily in most CAM packages. If that's an issue in the CAM package you are going to use, then move the geometry now.
The next step is to separate the different operations or tools by layer. Sometimes the work can be done all on one layer, but if there are many different pockets or profiles it can make it much easier to work with in the CAM package if you separate them.
Sometimes you will need to create extra geometry to create a pocket to mill a specific feature. I have an undercut dovetail on one part and I had to draw an offset bounding rectangle to generate the tool path where I wanted it. I also have a 45 degree cutter that has an effective diameter of 0 at the tip. In order to generate the correct tool path for it I had to create some geometry offset by 1/8", tell the CAM program it was a 1/4" end mill, and use a small step over value.
You can also create offset geometry to make roughing pocket operations so that you can finish the corners with a smaller end mill. Most CAM programs will generate roughing and finishing tool paths, but if you do it in the CAD package it can give you finer control.
If I am going to design any fixtures for the parts I will do it in this version of the CAD file. That way I can be sure any locating dowels I add will line up with the parts.
Making Fixtures
As stated before, fixtures can be as simple as a piece of waste board with two strips screwed to it to make a 90 degree corner to locate the Zero location.
The photo below shows one example of this type of fixture. You can also see that the large pieces of waste have screws through them to hold the stock down. These screw holes were drilled and countersunk on the drill press and the screws go right into the waste board. The pieces are held to the waste with tabs.
Fixture-1.JPG
The fixture below is for a part with three different heights on the back and has two dowels in it that locate the part from back to front. The locating dowels have not been glued into place yet. You can also see that there are two screws to hold the fixture to the bed of the machine, and two dowels to locate it. This allows me to use a Work Coordinate System for the Zero on this fixture and not have to pick up my Zero every time I want to make these parts.
Fixture-2.jpg
Examples
_URL_
Sharp Corners and Round Bits
One notable limitation of using a 3-axis router is that inside pockets cannot be cut without leaving rounded corners[2]:
 - rotate the work so that one can use the bottom and vertical edges of the end mill to create the 90 degrees needed
 - re-design the work so that the rounded corner is hidden w/in the work, e.g., half-blind dovetails cut w/ a router using a template
 - over-cut the corners as discussed in the 50 Digital Joints booklet discussed at Fabrication Techniques & Hardware
 - over-cuts at 90 degrees are dog bones
 - over-cuts at 45 degrees are bisect lines/cuts
 - use a chisel --- discussion of that here:


Brand Activism
Brand Activism
Brand Activism - refers to the public presentation of companies that take a clear stance on political and social issues.
Authenticity is an important factor when it comes to deciding which brand or company customers will choose, especially in the current climate in which we are inundated with suppliers from all sectors, both online and offline.
Not having an opinion is often worse for a company's reputation than being on the supposedly wrong side.
Therefore, the motto is: Take a stand! But how?
Brand Activism for Shopping Centers
The first thing to note is: If you take a stance and take a clear position on a topic, there is always a risk of losing customers who disagree with you. However, the bond with the customers who stay develops much more intensively. A relationship of trust develops, and customers are more loyal and interactive. This means they are also more willing to participate in surveys, write reviews, interact on social media, or sign up for customer accounts and newsletters, for example.
There is also the danger that too much, too superficial commitment to several topics will be perceived by customers as a pure marketing strategy, which then appears untrustworthy.
It is therefore important to look for a topic that fits in with the corporate philosophy and to position oneself clearly here. This doesn't just mean talking about it and perhaps organizing a fundraising campaign. Employees must stand behind the company's philosophy. Training courses and workshops offer them the opportunity to learn more about the chosen topic. Transparency must be created: For example, if you tout your company as climate-friendly, it's not enough to color the logo green. Disclose your carbon footprint, describe the measures you have implemented and be consistent. Even if this means cutting ties with a supplier, for example.
Our "Better Together" initiative is a brand activism campaign against racism. It consists of several building blocks with which shopping centers can earn a justified award for being a discrimination-free shopping center.
You would like to learn more about the topic? We look forward to hearing from you!


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Overview of Church Records
From Ancestry.com Wiki
| Church Records
This article is part of a series.
|Overview of Church Records|
|Types of Church Records|
|Finding Church Records|
|List of Selected Denominations|
|List of Useful Church References|
Church records are a rich resource for the genealogical and historical researcher. In many parts of the country, church records predate civil records. They therefore document vital events, giving birth, marriage, and death information that might otherwise be lost. Besides providing names and dates, church records may reveal relationships between people and depict a family's status in the community. In addition, entries of a personal nature are not uncommon, and these can offer a glimpse into an ancestor's character or habits.
If church records are so valuable a tool, why do researchers often neglect these records? Perhaps the answer lies in the historical complexity of religious organization, evidenced by a large number of denominations. The Columbia Encyclopedia identifies more than two hundred religious denominations under the main heading "Protestantism."1 Furthermore, the majority of these denominations have undergone many changes—splits or mergers resulting in the formation of various branches or sects—or philosophical differences that, when unresolved, have ended with the demise of a denomination or sect. To further complicate matters, the records created about the members of a denomination may be housed locally, regionally, or nationally. These conditions can make the identifying of an individual church and the locating of its records quite difficult.
Another factor that contributes to the under use of church records is terminology. Churches use a unique vocabulary to describe who they are and what they do. Sometimes the same concept is described with different terms by different denominations. An example may be taken from denominational hierarchy. Baptist churches join together in associations, Lutherans and Presbyterians form synods, Methodists unite in conferences, and Episcopalian and Roman Catholic churches are linked to the diocese. Knowing these differences in terms helps to identify the records to explore.
Even within records, terms can differ. In some congregations, the arrival and removal of members were regularly recorded. While these records can be especially helpful in providing information about a member's old and new communities, and making it possible to track members from one location to another, they are often called by different names and are thus frequently overlooked. The Society of Friends typically called them certificates of removal, Baptists called them letters of admission, some called them letters of transfer, and some called them dismissions. In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints they are certificates of membership.
Confusion over terminology also applies when one tries to interpret entries within a particular record. For example, marriage dispensations in the Roman Catholic Church authorize a priest to perform the marriage ceremony despite the presence of conditions that normally forbade this. The religious law that was being circumvented will be identified in the dispensation papers. Two laws are "Disparity of Cult or Worship" and "Affinity." Knowing that "Disparity" forbids marriage of a Catholic to a nonbaptized person and that "Affinity" forbids marrying the third cousin or any near-blood relative of one's deceased husband or wife helps the researcher understand more about the people who were to be wed. It is worth noting that the most frequently requested dispensation was from publication of the banns. Banns were the formal church announcement of an intended marriage, made on a specific number of Sundays prior to the marriage.
Finally, the practice of many ethnic groups to maintain congregational records in their native language can present an obstacle for a researcher who does not read or understand that language. Particularly in the decades following the establishment of a church by an immigrant group, it is possible to find church records in Dutch, German, Polish, Spanish, and so on. Many old Catholic parish registers were written in Latin. With logic and a dual-language dictionary, the record can usually be deciphered. In some cases, the services of a translator may be needed.
Despite these many obstacles and challenges, a search of church records is becoming less formidable with each passing year. Today's technology has merged with years of records preservation by archivists, curators, and researchers to make records more readily available. Improved access and knowing how religion developed in America enables a seeker to more fully utilize this important source.
Church records vary a great deal in content and emphasis according to the basic theology and the social role of each denomination. Studying the background of the "Old Country" churches helps us to better understand the organization of the "New World" churches. One useful distinction is between "state" churches and so-called "free" churches.
State Churches and Free Churches
The "state" churches were those European churches in which every Christian in the state or kingdom was considered a member. Because of doctrinal differences and the concept of the church's place in the political arena, the state church records took on a different degree of importance and significance to the local congregation and to the civil community. The keeping of parish registers in countries with state churches was obligatory. This task usually fell to the pastor or the parish priest.
In contrast to the "state" church, the "free" or "gathered" churches emphatically rejected inclusive and obligatory membership in the church from birth. Rather, only those who had been "born again" in Christ and baptized as an adult could be considered true members of the church. While the records of the state church required noting the birth of a child and his or her baptism, the records of the free church may have only mentioned a birth, perhaps as an occasion for celebration by the congregation; the free church focused instead on the importance of the person's rebirth in Christ and his or her conduct. These details were carefully recorded, while other events of the congregation were noted solely at the discretion of the church clerk.
Theology was not the only factor that determined the types of records to be kept. Sometimes it was the local church clerk or official who would decide what events would be worth recording. In Scandinavia and many German states, the Lutheran church was the established church. The Lutheran pastor was a quasi-public official who was the authorized recorder of births, deaths, and marriages. Similarly, in England, a 1538 Act of Parliament required all ministers of the Church of England to record baptisms, marriages, and burials in their parishes. In 1597, another parliamentary act reinforced the original law, requiring that duplicates of parish records be sent annually to the bishop of the pertinent diocese (thereby creating the valuable bishops' transcripts). Pastors were also official record keepers in Scotland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and certain German states where Calvinism became the established faith.
In areas of Europe where Roman Catholicism was the established faith, parish priests were the official recorders of baptisms, marriages, and burials. These priests were accountable to more than local parliaments, however. In 1563, the church's Council of Trent issued a decree requiring proof of baptism before marriage. Subsequent decrees reinforced this edict, notably that of Pope Paul V in 1614, which made parish registers obligatory.
Churches in America
This distinction between "state" or "free" church in the Old Country came with the immigrants who ventured to the New World. The churches established by these newcomers reflected the clergy, the doctrine, and the record-keeping practices of the congregations back home.
In most of the American colonies, state churches were established. In New England, the Congregational church generally held sway. To the South (Virginia, Georgia, and South Carolina), the Church of England (Protestant Episcopal) became the established church. There were, however, important exceptions. Maryland, though originally founded as a haven for Roman Catholics, was for a time Anglican. And in New Netherland (now New York), as long as the Dutch were in control, the Dutch Reformed Church (the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church until 1867 and now the Reformed Church in America) was the established church. It was the only Christian denomination that could hold public worship. The Dutch minister married nearly every couple and baptized nearly every child in the city prior to the English takeover in 1664.
Some of these established churches functioned on a colonial or state level until well after the American Revolution. But the variety of immigrant groups, each with their own religious preferences, ultimately defeated most attempts to impose religious uniformity.
Following the American Revolution, traditional record-keeping practices changed to accommodate a more mobile society, intent on westward movement. As families left the established Eastern seaboard, they sometimes left the traditional church as well, adopting a pioneer spirit that included a different religious fervor. Churches along the migration routes still featured the established denominations, but they were decidedly less dominant. Instead, the more open, less restrictive, and less formal evangelical movements prevailed. Baptist, Church of God, Methodist, and Presbyterian took hold and flourished.
Despite their religious preferences, these pioneers did not always have the luxury of their particular clergy. For example, a Methodist in Louisiana could have married in a Congregationalist Church. A Kentucky Episcopalian may have been buried by a circuit-riding Baptist or Presbyterian preacher. If these events were not documented by a civil authority, they may have been noted in the records of the closest local congregation or painstakingly scripted into the diary of an itinerant minister. Your ancestor's records may have been kept but perhaps not in the county, parish, or congregation where you expect to find them.
While there are numerous and widely variant religious groups in the United States, there are at least five types of records that are kept by almost all churches. These are records of (1) baptism and christening, (2) marriage, (


text:
The double escapement action was developed by Sébastien Erard in the 1800's and is now ubiquitous among grand pianos. (Chopin exploited this innovation to its maximum. A perfect example is seen in his 10/7 etude; notice the pattern of double notes in the lower voice of the treble clef).
Yes, that's the effect of the double escape mechanism.
Regarding Chopin however: he preferred to play on Pleyel pianos (as opposite to Liszt e.g.). Pleyel pianos did NOT have the double escapement action that time. That means, it is at least questionable that Chopin eploited this innovation.
However, the Pleyel pianos did have a short keyway, and had a very light action in conjunction with light hammers. Maybe fast repetitions were possible too without that mechanism.
So Chopin e.g. preferred to use the same finger for key repetitions (in opposite to the useage of different fingers, e.g. 4-3-2-4-3-2 and so on), I think that was stated somewhere in the Eigeldinger book "Chopin as seen by his pupils".


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Sumatran Tiger Cub Born at Sacramento Zoo
This male Sumatran tiger cub was born at the Sacramento Zoo on March 3, 2013. Its species is critically endangered.
CREDIT: Sacramento Zoo
What weighs 3 pounds, has its eyes closed and is striped?
A newborn male Sumatran tiger cub, born at the Sacramento Zoo on March 3, stands to be a boon for the critically endangered species.
The as-yet-unnamed cub was born to mom Bahagia at 2:55 a.m. and weighed 3 pounds (1.4 kilograms), a good size for a Sumatran tiger cub, which are usually only 2 pounds at birth. Both mother and baby tiger are in good health, the zoo noted in a release.
Tiger cubs are born with their eyes closed and rely completely on their mothers, the release said. This cub and Bahagia are being kept inside their den inside their den, away from the public, while the cub grows a bit stronger and bigger. The zoo said it expects mother and cub to be on display by late May or early June.
A camera in the den is allowing zookeepers to keep tabs on mom and baby.
Tigers worldwide are in trouble, with their numbers plummeting 95 percent over the last century and the big cats occupying just 40 percent of their former territory. Sumatran tigers are the smallest of the tiger subspecies and are found only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. They are listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species. Fewer than 500 Sumatran tigers are thought to exist in the wild and about 200 live in zoos, according to the release.
The cub was born as part of the Sumatran Tiger Species Survival Plan® (SSP), coordinated by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Such plans are designed to maintain genetic diversity in an endangered species
The tiger cub's father, Castro, was diagnosed with lymphoma in February. He and Bahagia have had five offspring.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


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Effects of multi-time scales climate changes on tobaccoplanting counties in Chenzhou city of Hunan Province
Keywords:Sunshine time, Temperature, Precipitation, Multi-time scale, Tobacco, Chenzhou city
To provide scientific instruction in predicting the climate changes and adopting the suitable measures for field cultivation and management of tobacco, the changes of main climatic parameters on multi-time scales in the six tobacco-planting counties of Chenzhou city in China were studied. Sunshine hours (S) in the six counties had significant positive linear correlation with year (from 1980 to 2020) and precipitation (P) changed irregularly on the scales of year, field-growth period, and rooting and flourishing stages, and they changed significantly in maturing stage. Sunshine hours (S) in the six counties had significant positive linear correlation with year on the scale of rooting stage, changed irregular with year on the scale of year, and showed different change tendencies in different counties in flourishing and maturing stages. On the scale of field-growth period, the daily cumulative temperature (T) was lower than the optimal value in rooting and flourishing stages, but higher than the optimal value in maturing stage.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 977-985, 2021 (September) Special
How to Cite
© Bangladesh Botanical Society
Authors are required to transfer the copyright of their articles to the journal. The Declaration form is available here _URL_


text:
Help kids practice their counting skills with this printable counting to eight (8) worksheet that has a fun birds theme. This worksheet will be a great addition to any numbers or counting lesson plan as well as any birds themed lesson plan. On this worksheet, kids are asked to count the number of cardinals and circle the correct number (eight) at the bottom of the page.
View and Print Your Birds Themed Counting Worksheet
All worksheets on this site were done personally by our family. Please do not reproduce any of our content on your own site without direct permission. We welcome you to link directly to any pages on our site without specific permission. We also welcome any feedback, ideas or anything you want to share with us - just email us at _EMAIL_.


Step 1
Lay Out the Materials
Lay out all of the materials on the ground. For each trellis section, lay five pieces of pipe side by side, leaving about a foot of space between them. Then position a piece of pipe along the ends, perpendicular to the five pipes. Set a corner angle at each corner and then place three Ts along each side where the middle pipes touch the end pipes. Repeat these steps for the other trellis sections.
Right now your work area looks like a jumble of parts, but you can see where all the PVC pipes and fittings need to be joined. To do this, you have to cut the end pieces into 1' sections so that you can attach the Ts to the inside pipes (Image 1). The pipe along the bottom will sit on the ground when the trellis is complete, then each PVC pipe or bar will run horizontally across, with about a foot in between each one. Finally a pipe will go across the top.
Work on a flat surface to measure and mark each piece (Image 2). Use a hacksaw to make straight and even cuts. This project calls for 32 pieces cut to this size. You will have a few pieces of PVC left over after making the cuts; save them in case you ever need to make a repair.
Step 2
Start Gluing Pieces Together
Use PVC primer to clean and prep the joints before applying the glue. Both the primer and the glue containers have brushes built into the lids (Image 1); this makes them easy to use. Make sure that you're ready to go when you apply the glue, as you have only a few seconds before it dries and hardens. To start gluing the trellis pieces together, attach two L-shaped corner brackets to the long PVC pipe that will be the bottom of the trellis (Image 2).
Step 3
Complete the First Section
Once the corners are installed on the bottom support, begin working your way up the trellis. Clean and glue a 1' section and put it into the other end of the corner L. Then attach a T with the opening facing in toward the center of the trellis (Image 1). Repeat this step on the other side of the trellis.
Once you have your first set of Ts in place, you need to add a horizontal support to run between them. The best way is to do one side at a time. You have to push the side pieces open a bit to get the support snugly in between them. Be sure you press them into place all the way when you glue them so that the trellis will be square. Otherwise the side may bow out and look uneven. Now repeat these same steps until you get to the top support.
Continue building the trellis by adding a set of side supports with T fittings and then connecting another horizontal support. Keep repeating these steps until you have all three in place. Then attach the last two L fittings to the top support and glue them to the rest of the frame.
After you've finished the first trellis section, you have three more to go. This will make two A-frame trellises (Image 2). The first panel always takes the longest. If you're working at home, get someone to assemble these with you. These can all be built in an afternoon.
Step 4
Place the Trellises in the Garden Bed
The final trellis section has five horizontal support bars, including the top and bottom pipes (Image 1). Once all of the trellis sections are complete, carry them to the garden bed. Since the trellises are 6' long, you can fit two side-by-side in a 12' bed (Image 2), then use long zip ties to secure the tops together so the trellises won't pull apart. Set them up so that two sections are leaning together to make the A-frame design. If you don't have zip ties, you could use pieces of string to tie the trellises together. The important thing is that they don't come apart and damage the plants that are growing on them.
Step 5
Attach the Trellises to the Ground
Attach the trellises to the ground with stakes, sandbags or other heavy objects to keep them from blowing down in a storm (Image 1). At the end of the season you can just take them out, cut the zip ties on the top and move these trellis panels to another bed or even store them flat in the garage.
Add some vertical string supports to give plants some extra room to attach (Image 2). You can put several plants under each side, so four strings on each side should do. You can start by tying it off on the top support and wrapping it around each one below; then a quick knot around the bottom pip, and you're done.
Malabar spinach (Image 3), a vining plant whose tender stems and leaves are used in Asian and tropical cooking, especially stir-fries and salads, is an example of a plant that can be grown here. Like other leafy, dark-green vegetables, Malabar spinach contains many vitamins and nutrients that make it a great choice for health-conscious eaters.


Example sentences for: detritus-based
How can you use "detritus-based" in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
 - Growth and survival may thus be affected by habitat size, which varies greatly among small aquatic habitats [ 23 24 31 36 ]. There is a positive relationship between size, or volume, of the habitat and species richness, and between volume and growth responses of individual species [ 16 23 24 25 31 37 ]. Levels of water and resources may be important cues to ovipositing females, with resulting impacts on individuals and communities [ 9 16 38 39 ]. Oviposition site selection is an important variable affecting survival and development of non-dispersing larvae, and large volumes may be preferred by females laying eggs in aquatic environments due to increased stability and decreased risk of drought [ 29 39 ]. However, allochthonous plant material from surrounding terrestrial areas is the major input of energy resources to many freshwater detritus-based food webs, and resource quantity in these habitats is highly heterogeneous and dependent on location of the habitat relative to resource inputs [ 14 40 ]. Clearly, the choice of habitat by ovipositing C pipiens females will have growth and survival consequences for offspring.
 - The interaction we found between habitat size and food abundance is consequential for ecology of the organisms within, and there may be a complex relationship between habitat size, habitat drying (which changes volume when it occurs), and resources [ 30 32 ]. For instance, leaf litter resources are often limiting to organisms in aquatic detritus-based communities [ 11 15 22 32 33 ]. Resources in the form of leaf litter are consumed by microbes, which are then consumed by mosquito larvae, along with small particulate organic matter [ 22 ]. When litter abundance is high, microbial growth is also high (CJ Paradise, personal observation), due to both high levels of resources and substrate for microbes to grow on.
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9. Integrating the plug-in into Hydra Modeller
Turning an app into a hydra modeller plugin requires creating an exe of your code (see Creating an executable of your code), putting it into a pre-defined folder structure (:see: folder_structure) along with a plugin xml.
9.1. Plugin XML
Hydra Modeller uses a plugin XML file to describe the required inputs to the plugin as well as the icon it will use when displaying the button in the user interface.
The main information in the XML file is as follows:
 - The plugin name
 - The plugin location (the location of the exe)
 - The plugin description
 - The epilog
 - Icons (large (32x32px) and small (16x16 px))
 - Mandatory arguments
 - Non-Mandatory arguments
 - Switches
For each argument, there are the following details. They should be familiar from the arguments we defined in the plugin:
 - The name that will be displayed in the UI (human readable)
 - The switch (in our plugin, these would be '-n' and '-s')
 - The argtype (string, integer etc. There are a few wildcards such as 'network', 'scenario' and 'template' which allow the UI to provide a drop-down rather than asking the user to remember the ID of the network they are working on!
 - The help is a string of text that is displayed when the user clicks on the argument in the UI
The Export JSON file is below in full. Notice that there is 1 switch defined. This is here purely to show what a switch would look like and does not have any reference to the code we have looked at until now.
<plugin_info>
 <plugin_name>Export JSON</plugin_name>
 <plugin_dir>ExportCSV.exe</plugin_dir>
 <plugin_description>Export a network saved in Hydra to a JSON file.</plugin_description>
 <plugin_epilog>
 Written by Stephen Knox _EMAIL_
 (c) Copyright 20135, University of Manchester.
 For more information visit _URL_
 </plugin_epilog>
 <smallicon>icon16.png</smallicon>
 <largeicon>icon32.png</largeicon>
 <mandatory_args>
 <arg>
 <name>Network ID</name>
 <switch>-n</switch>
 <multiple>N</multiple>
 <argtype>network</argtype>
 <help>The ID of the network to be exported</help>
 </arg>
 </mandatory_args>
 <non_mandatory_args>
 <arg>
 <name>Scenario ID</name>
 <switch>-s</switch>
 <multiple>N</multiple>
 <argtype>scenario</argtype>
 <help>The ID of the scenario to be exported. If no
 scenario is specified, all scenarios in the network will be
 exported.
 </help>
 </arg>
 <arg>
 <name>Target Dir</name>
 <switch>-d</switch>
 <multiple>N</multiple>
 <argtype>string</argtype>
 <help>The directory / folder you wish the file to export to. This defaults
 to the Desktop.</help>
 </arg>
 <arg>
 <name>Server URL</name>
 <switch>-u</switch>
 <multiple>N</multiple>
 <argtype>string</argtype>
 <help>The URL of the server to which this
 plug-in connects.</help>
 </arg>
 <arg>
 <name>Session ID</name>
 <switch>-c</switch>
 <multiple>N</multiple>
 <argtype>string</argtype>
 <help>The session ID for the connection. If not specified,
 the plugin will try to connect based on the credentials it finds in config</help>
 </arg>
 </non_mandatory_args>
 <switches>
 <arg>
 <name>Export as XML</name>
 <switch>-x</switch>
 <help>Export as an XML file instead of a JSON file.</help>
 </arg>
 </switches>
 </plugin_info>
All arguments are defined inside an <arg></arg> tag, and must define a <name> That will be shown in the UI, <switch> (-n for network, for example), <multiple> which defines whether multiple of this argument can be provided, <allownew> which if set to 'Y' allows the user in the UI create a new network <argtype> which states the type of the argument, be it a date, string, integer or even network or scenario. The latter options create a drop-down in the UI. The <help> tag allows users of the UI to see exactly what the argument is for.
An example of a full <arg> tag might be:
<arg>
 <name>nodes</name>
 <switch>-n</switch>
 <multiple>Y</multiple>
 <argtype>file</argtype>
 <help>One or multiple files containing nodes and
 attributes.</help>
</arg>
There are 3 types of category these args can be put into within the plugin xml. mandatory, non-mandatory and switches.
Mandatory inputs are must be included or the plugin will not even start. Normally this will be a network ID, session ID, URL and any other necessary inputs.
Non-Mandatory inputs may be provided to the plugin to provide extra functionality, but the plugin will still run without them. One example for an export plugin might be to define a specific directory for export: 'export_dir=/tmp/'.
Switches arguments which do not require an input, but are simply 'on/off'. They appear as check boxes in the UI.
9.1.1. Plugin XML example:
Click here for the plugin xsd file
Click here for a full example of the plugin xml
9.2. Folder Structure
There are 2 structures supported by Hydra Modeller. If there is only one executable in the plugin, the the following structure should be used:
MyPlugin
 --> templates (optional)
 --> template.xml
 --> ExportJSON
 --> ExportJSON.exe
 --> plugin.xml
 --> icon.png
or alternatively, if the plugin package contains more than 1 executable (import and export, for example):
MyPlugin
 --> templates (optional)
 --> template.xml
 --> plugins
 --> ExportJSON
 --> ExportJSON.exe
 --> plugin.xml
 --> icon32.png
 --> icon16.png
 --> ImportJSON
 --> ImportJSON.exe
 --> plugin.xml
 --> icon32.png
 --> icon16.png
9.3. Session ID and Server URL
As Hydra apps connect to Hydra Platform via the same interface as the UI, they need to us the same credentials as the UI. To this end, all plugins should implement two arguments, namely server_url (to tell the plugin where the server is) and session_id to tell the server who is making the call. These two arguments should appear in the non_mandatory_args section of the plugin.xml and look just like this:
<arg>
 <name>server_url</name>
 <switch>-u</switch>
 <multiple>N</multiple>
 <argtype>string</argtype>
 <help>Specify the URL of the server to which this
 plug-in connects.</help>
</arg>
<arg>
 <name>session_id</name>
 <switch>-c</switch>
 <multiple>N</multiple>
 <argtype>string</argtype>
 <help>Specify the session ID for the connection. If not specified,
 the plugin will try to connect based on the credentials it finds in config</help>
</arg>
9.4. Creating an executable of your code
Hydra Modeller is windows-based and so requires all its plugins to be executable in windows. This still means that plugins can be written in cross-platform languages like python, java or ruby.. Taking python as an example, the pyinstaller package allows a python script to be turned into an exe by simply typing:
pyinstaller mypluginscript.py
Which produces a file called mypluginscript.exe
For more control, you can define a '.spec' file, which allows you to decide what level of compression you want (more compression = less performance normally), the name of the output file, whether it's a console application or not etc...


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Evaluation of species-specific ebolavirus pathophysiology in xenochimeric mice
Objective
Ebolaviruses comprise five virus species of which at least three are highly pathogenic for humans. Other mammalian species such as non-human primates, forest antelopes and pigs are susceptible to ebolavirus infection with different degree of severity. However, bats and laboratory mice are entirely resistant to ebolaviruses. Why do ebolaviruses cause severe disease in some species but not others? This question, which is paramount to understand ebolavirus pathogenesis is the central question of our proposal. To address it, we will build on technology developed by the host laboratory to develop xenochimeric mice, that is, severely immunodeficient mice whose hematopoietic system has been replaced with another from a donor species (e. g. bats, monkeys or humans). This novel in vivo system will allow us to investigate the kinetics of ebolavirus infection across species and to dissect the mechanisms responsible for pathogenicity.
Coordinator
BERNHARD-NOCHT-INSTITUT FUER TROPENMEDIZIN
Net EU contribution
€ 71 442,00
Address
Bernhard nocht strasse 74
20359 Hamburg
Germany
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Hamburg Hamburg Hamburg
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text:
Name: Kate A Shuchter
We are teachers in Colorado planning to work with fluid transport and
capillary action in vascular plants. According to our memories, at 33 feet the
forces of capillary action and gravity cancel each other out.
We would like to explore how a 100 foot tree can transport water to its
top. We are looking for factors that would effect long-term transport.
Is fluid pressure from below influential? Is soil type influential?
How about the purity of the water?
It's 32 ft, and that applies to siphoning. Capillary action is different
because it depends upon the surface tension properties of water.
Click here to return to the Biology Archives
Update: June 2012


text:
Delta Vista Company provides engineered modular solutions for Air Cooled Heat Exchanger (Air Cooler) as per API-661 code.
There are two types of Air Coolers:
- Dry Air Cooler
- Wet Air Cooler (Hybrid)
In Dry Air Cooler, environment air passes through finned tubes by forced fans and cools fluid inside the tubes.
In Wet Air Cooler (Hybrid), environment air is cooled in direct contact with cooling water in the first stage, and then passes through
finned tubes by forced fans and cools fluid inside the tubes. This type is applied when more cooling is required for fluid.


text:
Coming to Orissa
The best time to visit Orissa is between October and March when climatic condictions are very pleasant and conducive to travel. This is also the time when many festivals take place in the state and when millions of migratory birds make their way from the north to nest in the lakes and forests of Orissa.
Orissa is attractive all your round, barring occasional high temperatures in the months of May, June, July, and a few weeks of rains during the monsoons - which has its own charme. The climate in Orissa is generally much to the advantage of visitors.
The history of Orissa goes back more than three thousand years. Orissa used to belong to the kingdom of Kalinga. Kalinga had control over most of the sea routes located in the Bay of Bengal through which it conducted its trade.
In 261 BC, a major war was fought in Orissa when the Kalinga nation went into battle against Emperor Ashoka's troops. The battle was particularly fierce, and it led to Emperor Ashoka embracing the idea of a completely non-violent lifestyle. He later became responsible for spreading Buddhism throughout Asia.
Orissa is located on the east coast of India. It is a little over sixty thousand square miles in size and has a population of around 30 million people. The state can loosely divided into three regions; the coastal plains, the middle mountainous area, and the plateaus.
Although the main language spoken in Orissa is Oriya, there are eleven other spoken languages. Orissa is home to three main religions, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Orissa is rich in temples, handicrafts, carvings, dance and other art. One of the most famous dance forms of India is the Odissi dance style. Several dance festivals such as the Konarak dance festival feature Odissi dance performances.
For more information visit:


text:
Instant availability of BOM
Generate any type of BOM in formats Excel, Parabuild spread sheet or text file. All information is taken from the 3D model which ensures reliable and accurate results.
Here are some of the default Parabuild BOM types :
- Single Parts for production/ordering
- Assemblies with or without parts
- Overview of bolt-linked assemblies, including bolts
- Cutting list (enumeration per part)
- Cutting list with images (for production of slope/skew cuts)
- Revisions comparison
Easy estimating and bidding
Parabuild allows you to create a draft of the project in a minimum amount of time. The Context modeler allows quick and accurate drawing of structural steel. If you are starting from a BIM Ifc file, import it into Parabuild and add connections with ease. Once you have a preliminary model, the BOM helps you to quickly make accurate estimates.
Customize titles, columns, totals and subtotals, and more. Assign the columns that determine grouping and sorting.
Restrict the bill to specific phases or revisions, or use other criteria to generate bills for specific parts of the project.
Parabuild has a cutting stock problem solver. Parabuild extracts the members that need to be cut from the 3D model. You only need to provide the lengths per section shape that are available from your stock or supplier. Parabuild calculates how to cut the members out of the stock lengths with minimized material loss.


Scripting
This page describes the syntax and possibilities with scripting.
Scripting is based on the powerful Scriban scripting language. You can find more information here:
 - Language Overview: Here
 - Built-in Functions: Here
Different than stated in the scriban docs, Race Result Exchange is not changing the casing of variables or functions. Even more, you can use string.ends_withor string.EndsWith, whereas the later is preferred as it means the declaration of the method is not touched.
The following script will output "Hello World":
{{ "Hello World" }}
The following script will take the current time and pads it to 12 characters and center aligns it if need be. This is possible by using the | pipe character: The expression to the left is forwarded to a function that is given by the name after the pipe. The forwarded argument will be the first in the function arguments list:
{{ Clock | TrimPad 12 "Center" }}
Without using piping, you can also use a traditional way of calling methods:
{{ TrimPad Clock 12 "Center" }}
Last updated


text:
Santander is the largest Spanish bank and is the bank with the highest market value in the Eurozone. Part of their vision is to win customer's trust. Unhappy customers are known to switch loyalty, the bank wants to identify customers who are thinking of leaving so they can take necessary initiatives to retain them. In this paper, with the given data (from Kaggle) of hundreds of anonymized features we predicted the customers, the bank might be in danger of losing. We used the classification models Random Forest, R-part, Gradient Boosting Model and Extreme Gradient boosting model to predict the unhappy customers.
Satisfaction classification: X-g boost, GBM, R-Part and Random forest,Banking industry,Data mining.
The Kaggle competition we have chosen for our project is 'Santander Customer Satisfaction'. Santander wants to identify dissatisfied customers at early stages of the banking life cycle which will help them to take proactive measures to improve customer satisfaction and prevent the customers from leaving.
The Evaluation for the competition is based on, 'area under the ROC curve', between the predicted probability and the observed target. We have built three models using the algorithms, Random Forest, R-part and XGBoost.We have made a prediction of probability for the TARGET variable for each ID in the test data set using the models and uploaded the results as a submission file on Kaggle. This is a currently active competition and our best submission has us currently placed 964 out of 3600 entries, which is roughly the top 26th percentile.
In this section we have given a brief summary of the models we have used.
2.1 Random Forest: A random forest starts as a simple machine learning algorithm known as a "decision tree". The decision tree works by dividing the data set into smaller and smaller data sets which helps to identify patterns, which in turn helps with the prediction. Random forest uses ensemble techniques where by several weak learners come together as a strong learner. In other words several trees are combined giving better predictive results
2.2 Recursive partitioning algorithm (r-part): R-part tree was developed from the ideas of CART (Classification and Regression Trees).Rpart is used to build classification or regression models in a two stage process and the resulting output can be represented as binary trees. In this step-by-step process a decision tree is constructed by either splitting or not splitting each node on the tree into two daughter nodes. The splitting of the nodes is carried on until no improvement to the results can be made.
2.3 Gradient Boosting Model (GBM): GBM is a predictive modeling algorithm that can be used for problems related to both classification and regression. We have used the classification aspect of GBM which uses decision trees as a foundation. Every successive tree is based on the prediction residuals of the previous tree. Using Boosted algorithms are efficient when dealing with large data sets, the model algorithmically combines several weak models and it is 'gradient boosted' for better accuracy. The Adaboost exponential loss function for 0's and 1's has been used for the GBM in our study.
2.4. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost): XGBoost is a very powerful boosting algorithm. It is known for its speed and accurate predictive power. XGBoost manages only numeric vectors which is characteristic of the Santander dataset. The algorithm works by creating a large number of trees which combines to form a highly predictive model. The key to the performance of the model lies in choosing the right parameters.
3. Related Work
There are many machine learning algorithms in data mining. To get an understanding of which algorithms will work best for this Kaggle problem, we looked at research papers that could give us a direction.
In project of Sales Forecasting for Retail Chains (Jain, A., Menon, M.N. and Chandra, S, n.d.), they performed prediction using Random Forest Regression, Linear Regression and XGBoost. The analysis has been done to identify patterns and outliers which would increase the ranking of the prediction algorithm. Our focus is also to get good prediction. We use Random Forest and XGBoost to identify the patterns and remove the variables which does not add value to the prediction.
Another work that we found with relevant information was, 'Handling Class Imbalance in customer churn prediction (J Burez, D van den Poel, 2009)'. Even the title is about churn prediction; we get the idea of the using of gradient boosting and weighted random forest. They analyzed using ROC graph to assess the accuracy of classifier and evaluated using evaluation metrics (AUC) which was helping to increase in performance over standard techniques without sampling. This is what we need in our project. But we have not used Lift as they did in their project because it helped them to analyze the accuracy in marketing practice.
4. Methods and Tools
The purpose of this competition is to identify the unhappy customers in the bank. The prediction of unhappy customers can be approached by using classification models in data mining. For this work, we used the R programming language for data analysis, understanding and preparation of models to build the decision trees. For some of the data visualization, Python generates good quality of plots and submitted the predicted values in Kaggle. An analysis was carried out comparing the following algorithms: Random Forest, R Part, Gradient Boost and XGBoost. From these techniques, the one that suited better is XGBoost
4.1 Business Understanding and Data Understanding:
The main goal of this competition is to predict the unhappy customers as early as possible and convincing them to stay in business with Bank. The Bank provided a train dataset of 371 anonymized variables in 76020 observations and test data set of 370 variables in 75818 observations. The training dataset provided an indicator of customer satisfaction called TARGET. The model has to be tuned to predict the customer satisfaction from a test dataset where the satisfaction indicator is not provided. The dataset contains 370 anonymized variables with numeric values.
There is no information on the variables provided by the bank and it is in Spanish. We are not sure which variables are categorical and which are continuous. From the first look of the dataset, there are many columns with the same constant values for all the observations. Some of the variable names are similar to other variables names and it does not add value to prediction process. The data in Target variable denotes "0" for happy customers and "1" for unhappy customer and it is highly imbalanced by group. There are 73,012 satisfied customers and 3008 unsatisfied customers. The class distribution between two groups are 0.96 for '0' and 0.4 for '1'.
4.2 Data Preparation:
The train data contains unique ID and TARGET variable. The test data contains only unique ID. The ID and TARGET variable is assigned to a buffer variable and is taken off from the train and test data as part of the data cleaning process. The number of counts in a row with value 0 on it and append it to the train and test data-frame. The value of each row is same in one column, then remove it. It will not give enough information about the data. A new vector would be created that have identical column names and values of train and test data as elements. Set difference function would be used to discard the elements of new vector from train and test data. All the data clean-up process is finished and append the TARGET variable to train data from buffer variables.
5. Principal Component Analysis
A Principal Components Analysis of the train data set was done. Figure 1 shows the number of principal components. The first 2 components when plotted for the target variable gave a split of the happy and unhappy customers represented by 0 and 1 respectively, shown in Figure 2. A plot for the same in Python is shown in Figure 3 for comparison.
The implementation phase is focused on getting the models to translate business goals through the application of data mining techniques. The modelling was done in R- Studio 3.2.4. R – Studio is an integrated environment for data mining, machine learning, predictive and business analysis. In this prediction, we employed four different models in classification and compare the performance between them.
6.1 Random Forest Model
First we have taken the simple regression model using random forest. We were able to run this model by including the R caret package, random forest package to build the model and plyr package for extracting the tools for splitting, applying and combining data. The e-1071 package for applying the statistics, probability theory group to get the confusion matrix. In this model, we have combined the train and test data with rbind function. The combined datasets may have variables with no predictive values can be removed by checking with nearZeroVar function. Then we split the train and test data to predict the TARGET. We build an unbalanced random forest model of 100 tree samples and mtry = 10. It took a bit long to finish off the process to build the model. We could not get effective results from this model.
6.2 Recursive Partitioning (RPart) Tree:
To build this model, we checked the imbalance of data available in TARGET variable in train data by using table (dataframe$TARGET) function in R. The frequency of class distribution is checked by using prop.table (table (dataframe$TARGET). The results show 96% of satisfied customer and only 4% of unsatisfied customer. As we have an imbalanced data, some of our studies gave us an input of using the Recursive Partitioning tree. This algorithm can be used to model classification and regression tree. The R-part tree can be run by including the rpart package in R. The There is no further data clean up required to build this model. We build the model after data preparation. The process to build the


text:
We report a quenching phenomenon within the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum in the photonic response of a passive Fe3O4-silicone elastomer composite film due to magnetically aligned Fe3O4 nanoparticles. We performed systematic studies of the polarization dependence, the effect of particle size, and an in- and out-of-plane particle alignment on the optical response of the Fe3O4-silicone elastomer composites using a UV/vis/NIR spectrometer. We observed systematic redshifts in the response of the out-of-plane composite films with increasing particle alignment and weight that are attributed to dipole-induced effects. There were no observable shifts in the spectra of the in-plane films, suggesting the orientation of the magnetic dipole and the induced electric dipole play a crucial role in the optical response. A dramatic suppression to near quenching of the photonic response occurred in films containing moderate concentrations of the aligned nanoparticles. This is attributed to the interplay between the intra- and the interparticle dipoles. This occurred even when low magnetic fields were used during the curing process, suggesting that particle alignment and particle size limitation are critical in the manipulation of the photonic properties. A dipole approximation model is used to explain the quenching phenomenon. An active system of such a composite has a potential application in magneto-optic switches.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Condensed Matter Physics


text:
Product information "Majestic Software - MJC8-Q400 Training Edition"
The Majestic Software - MJC8-Q400 Training Edition is intended for experienced flight simmers who require in-depth simulation of the Q400 aircraft.
The Training Edition includes all of the functionality of the MJC8-Q400 PRO edition, plus the following features:
FLIGHT CONTROLS DISCONNECT SIMULATION The flight controls can be disconnected and the respective independent flight controls system will account for the pilot flying position (based upon the pilot head position in the Virtual Cockpit, or the type of the main panel in the 2D cockpit). The disconnect option is designed to operate correctly in both virtual or hardware based cockpits
FMS RAIM SIMULATION FMS provides the RAIM prediction, and simulates the changing GPS accuracy accordingly
CUSTOM FLIGHT DATA RECORDER The Flight Data Recorder (2D panel) which can be used to record and visually reproduce a flight, such allowing for the classroom demonstration or analysis of the particular situations in the aircraft operation
WING TYPE FLIGHT DIRECTOR An option for the wing type (flying wing) flight director
SURFACE SLOPES SUPPORT The surface normals (surface angle) of the Prepar3D are integrated into the Q400 FDE, allowing for the correct visuals and physics when operating on addon runways with a slope
TRUE GLASS PRECIPITATION LIBRARY INTEGRATION (optional) The TFDi Design TrueGlass (optional) provides the precipitation visuals on cockpit windows
FLIGHT CONTROLS, LANDING GEAR AND POWERPLANT FAILURES The System Panel application includes the system pages which can be used to monitor and trigger the failures in the flight controls, landing gear and power plant systems. The application as well provides several extendable remote control scripts for the engine failure training
EXTENDED JOYSTICK COCKPIT HARDWARE INTERFACE The Extended joystick cockpit hardware interface allows for linkng every cockpit control to a joystick compatible hardware
VISUAL EXTENSION PACKAGE INTEGRATED The TRAINING edition includes all if the enhancement otherwise provided in the MJC84 Visual Extension package
Related links to "Majestic Software - MJC8-Q400 Training Edition"
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