text:
In mid-2023, the UK's Payment Systems Regulator (PSR) announced a compulsory directive requiring banks and payment firms to promptly reimburse victims of online bank fraud within a five-day timeframe. This new mandate was established specifically to address situations where individuals conducting transactions on behalf of a business inadvertently send money to a bank account manipulated by fraudsters. The reason for this new regulation is that, in recent years, a substantial number of individuals across the globe have experienced the loss of their bank and investment funds due to an unprecedented surge in deceptive online bank transactions targeting British consumers. This type of fraud is commonly referred to as authorized push payment (APP) fraud.
The PSR's new guidelines were based on findings from investigations into consumer behavior and the subsequent responsiveness of payment service providers (PSPs) in addressing payment fraud issues. These were published in an October 2023 report, Authorised Push Payment (APP) Fraud Performance Report, which summarizes three key takeaways for organizations that enable APP:
The rapid adoption of online banking and the proliferation of peer-to-peer payment platforms have significantly simplified tasks such as bill payments, check deposits, and online account balance checks for UK residents. Consider that in 2022, approximately 93% of the adult population in the UK engaged in some form of online banking. The enhanced convenience is helping to drive increased online transactional volume, but it comes with a substantial drawback in the form of APP fraud.
The prevailing reality of life in 2023 revolves around online transactions, a fact underscored by the latest fraud data released by UK Finance. According to the data, a significant 77% of fraudulent APPs originated in the online realm, while an additional 17% were traced back to telecommunications, specifically SMS or phone calls.
Undoubtedly, APP fraud has emerged as a pressing national issue in the UK. In 2022 alone, losses attributable to APP fraud reached a staggering £583 million. Experiencing a 39% surge from the prior year, APP scams now stand out as a predominant fraud threat to British businesses and consumers.
Because instances of APP fraud are on a significant rise, it is a clear signal that regulators are going to put increasing pressure on banks and other financial institutions to implement better fraud protection measures.
APP fraud occurs when fraudsters deceive individuals into initiating a substantial bank transfer. Unlike unauthorized payments, APP fraud makes the victim a participant by actively authorizing and executing the payment, often under false pretenses created by the fraudster.
Like other types of fraud, APP fraud is not manifested through a single scenario. Rather, it involves the interplay of a variety of factors to create a complex web of activity that is challenging to identify and isolate. Characteristics and components of APP fraud include the following:
Fraudsters employ a range of deceptive techniques to trick individuals. This may include instances where they pose as seemingly legitimate entities, including banks, financial institutions, or even trusted service providers. They create convincing narratives or scenarios to gain the victim's trust and convince them to initiate a payment.
As in so many types of fraud, social engineering plays a crucial role in how APP fraud is perpetrated. Fraudsters exploit psychological and emotional triggers to manipulate individuals. This may involve creating a sense of urgency, fear, or trust to prompt the victim to act quickly without questioning the legitimacy of the transaction.
A common APP tactic is impersonating trusted entities such as banks, credit unions, and other types of financial services enterprises. Fraudsters often use sophisticated methods to mimic official communication channels, including emails, phone calls, or even text messages. This impersonation aims to deceive the victim into believing they are interacting with a legitimate institution.
Unlike some other forms of fraud where transactions occur without the victim's consent, APP fraud involves the victim actively authorizing the payment. This authorization is obtained through manipulation, misinformation, or the creation of a false sense of trust.
The actual act of APP fraud typically happens by convincing victims to make substantial transfers of funds. Once the payment is authorized, it is often processed through real-time payment systems, making it difficult or impossible to reverse. This adds to the urgency and impact of the fraud.
APP fraud can manifest in various scenarios, including romance scams, purchase scams, impersonation scams, and investment scams. Each scenario is tailored to exploit specific vulnerabilities or desires of the victim. We go into these different types of scenarios in the section below.
Fraudsters are cagey and attuned to how their tactics are tracked. As a result, those who engage in APP fraud are continually adapting their tactics, staying ahead of prevention measures. As technology advances, so do the methods employed in APP fraud. This necessitates a dynamic and multifaceted approach to counteract the evolving nature of these schemes.
Understanding that APP fraud is multidimensional is important for fraud teams to understand. They must recognize patterns and behaviors that indicate APP-related criminal schemes so that they can implement effective preventive measures and protect against financial losses. This is precisely why the UK's PSR is now demanding more rigorous measures to help banks prioritize identification verification as a critical component for combatting APP fraud.
Clearly, there is a lot of work that goes into creating the right set of actions to make APP fraud a profitable endeavor. But what does it actually look like to the end user? Well, as we now understand, committing APP fraud involves persuading victims to initiate fund transfers, and unlike fraud that involves unauthorized payments, it incorporates a distinct psychological element. APP fraud is ultimately about some semblance of cajoling, confusing, and manipulating victims over extended periods to deceive them.
In a Prove webinar, Fighting APP Fraud and Scams, Chris Parker (Fraud Analytics Product & Threat Lead at NatWest Group) outlined some common forms of social engineering that are the foundation for APP fraud in the UK. These include:
The allure of APP fraud has increased for criminals in recent years, particularly with the introduction of real-time payment systems. In the UK, the inception of Faster Payments in 2008 marked the beginning of the initial wave of these types of scams.
Faster Payments was a pivotal electronic money transfer method in the UK, specifically designed for fast transactions. As a real-time payment system, it emphasized speed and convenience by ensuring that any transferred funds were received in near real-time. Before the advent of Faster Payments, the process of moving funds between bank accounts typically took three days for the process of transfer, clearance, and deposit.
Since the introduction of Faster Payments, real-time payment systems have become almost ubiquitous, with tools like PIX in Brazil, the New Payments Platform in Australia, and the recent launch of FedNow in the U.S., which is managed by the U.S. Federal Reserve Banks.
As a result of all this innovation, real-time payments are now integrated into the lives of almost every consumer, but, regrettably, real-time payments fraud has also become a pervasive issue. It's easy to see how this is a ready-made environment for fraud. Once an individual is deceived into performing a seemingly normal, regular act, there is a whole underpinning of activities that compel them to make a payment under false pretenses to a bank account controlled by the fraudster. The incorporation of real-time payment schemes intensifies the gravity of the situation, as payments processed through these systems become irrevocable. This irreversibility leaves victims helpless once they become aware that they have fallen victim to deception.
Banks and other financial institutions can take a variety of measures to address this issue. The initial emphasis is on verifying the legitimacy of companies and promptly responding to reports of impersonation. This proactive approach is intended to prevent individuals from unwittingly sharing personal information online.
An illustrative example involves instances on platforms like X (such as Twitter) where an account impersonates a legitimate company in response to customer service complaints, attempting to extract personal information. This information could be exploited for fraud or become part of the burgeoning trove of data traded online about individuals. Another prevalent scenario is observed on platforms like Facebook Marketplace, where individuals are induced to prepay for goods without any intention of delivering them. These situations underscore the imperative for online companies to enhance their efforts. This includes not only an increased reliance on AI for cost-effective monitoring but also a commitment to maintaining human oversight. This dual approach is crucial because fraudsters adeptly adapt to the challenges posed by automated systems.
Given the intricate nature of this fraud vector, there isn't a one-size-fits-all solution to completely thwart all APP fraud. Nevertheless, there are several strategies that financial institutions can and should integrate:
First and foremost is education. Highlighted in the "Fighting APP Fraud and Scams in 2022" webinar, Chris Parker underscores the significance of initiatives like the UK's Take 5 campaign. This campaign encourages individuals to pause before parting with their money, considering the risks of fraud. Recognizing that fraudsters excel at creating a sense of urgency, education emphasizes the importance of slowing down before approving any money transfers. However, acknowledging the limitations of education alone, additional technical solutions become imperative.
Financial institutions, both in the UK and globally, can implement a range of technical fixes to combat APP scams. Experts emphasize the need to avoid a generic warning message for every transaction, as users may become desensitized to them. Instead, it is recommended that companies deliver warnings to their users specifically before high-risk transactions occur, ensuring that users pay attention when it matters most.
At Prove, we address the issue through a lens that goes beyond just account access, which we know can be manipulated with relative ease by fraudsters. As a result, we see the problem being about how we bind an identity to the device that a person uses. That presents an actual human-in-the-mix element that cannot be cheated. By establishing a robust identity link, the Prove Auth® passwordless authentication solution facilitates passwordless and OTP-less authentication across mobile apps, web-based platforms


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Sumner Presbyterian Church
A Brief History of the Sumner Presbyterian Church
This information is provided courtesy of Joe Hibbard, Pastor of the Sumner Presbyterian Church.
Prior to 1847 there were no regular Presbyterian Church services on the Puyallup River. Presbyterians took their wagons or rode horses to Steilacoom. Eventually a group from that church began meeting in the Puyallup Valley at Franklin (later changed to Sumner). The Reverend George W. Sloan preached in the valley occasionally. In the summer of 1874, the Reverend George F. Whitworth began preaching once a month in the Liberty Schoolhouse, which stood at the corner of Wood and Main Streets. He also preached in private homes and organized a Sunday school.
The Presbyterian Church of Puyallup was organized in 1877 but met in Sumner. Later, those parishioners living south of the river withdrew and organized the Presbyterian Church of Puyallup. This congregation was not fully identified with Sumner until December 31, 1883, when it was incorporated The First Presbyterian Church of Sumner, Washington Territory.
In 1877 the membership numbered seven: Laura F. Mead, Susannah Thompson, Eliza Jane Meeker, Mary McMillan, Caddie Meeker and Elijah C. Mead. A new church building was started that year on West Main and was dedicated April 14, 1878. Reverend Whitworth secured funds from San Francisco, Portland and the East Coast. The church was built on a plot of ground given by John Kincaid two years before Sumner was surveyed. It was in this church building that Reverend Whitworth started Whitworth College. The building was used until 1911, when another facility was completed on the corner of Ryan and Academy Streets.
The town of Sumner grew and the building was remodeled in 1950 to provide room for the Sunday school classes. In 1972 the congregation moved to its present location at the corner of Washington and Valley Avenue. The building was built in four stages. Snelling Hall served as the sanctuary and the fellowship hall during the first six years. The sanctuary was built in 1978, the Willard Youth Building was added in 1989 and a new office, library and classroom addition was dedicated in early 2000.
Sumner Presbyterian Church has continued to serve the changing needs of the community. Sumner has changed from a rural farming area to a suburb of both Tacoma and Seattle and the church found itself changing and growing with the area. Evangelism and missions continue to be a major focus as the Session seeks to lead the church forward.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


How To Get A Broken Pipe Out Of A Fitting
When a pipe breaks in a fitting, the first step is to remove the broken piece. This can be done with a pair of pliers. The second step is to clean out the fitting. This can be done with a wire brush or a pipe cleaner. The third step is to put the fitting back together. This can be done with a wrench.
How To Get A Broken Pipe Out Of A Fitting
In order to remove a broken pipe from a fitting, the first step is to cut the pipe as close to the fitting as possible. Once the pipe is cut, use a pliers or wrench to remove the fittings. If the fittings are stuck, use a hacksaw to cut through them.
– a pipe wrench – a crescent wrench – a hacksaw – WD-40 or another lubricant
 - Shut off the water supply to the fitting
 - Loosen the fittings on either side of the broken pipe using a wrench
 - Remove the broken pipe from the fitting. replace the broken pipe with
If a pipe is broken off in a fitting, there are a few ways to remove it. One way is to use a hammer and chisel to break the pipe free. Another way is to use a hacksaw to cut the pipe below the fitting. A third way is to use a plumbing extractor tool to remove the pipe.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do You Remove A Broken Thread Fitting?
There are a few ways to remove a broken thread fitting. One way is to use a screw extractor. Another way is to use a needle-nose pliers.
How Do You Get A Broken Pvc Pipe Out Of A Fitting?
There are a few ways to get a broken PVC pipe out of a fitting. One way is to use a plunger. Put the plunger over the end of the pipe and push and pull the plunger until the pipe comes out. Another way is to use a screwdriver. Put the screwdriver in the end of the pipe and twist it until the pipe comes out.
How Do You Get A Broken Pipe Out Of A Well?
The usual way to get a broken pipe out of a well is to use a pipe-fishing tool. This tool consists of a weighted wire cable that is threaded through the broken pipe. The cable is then attached to a retrieval system, such as a winch, that pulls the cable and the broken pipe out of the well.
How Do You Get A Broken Pvc Pipe Out Of Another Pipe?
There are a few ways to get a broken PVC pipe out of another pipe. One way is to use a hacksaw to cut the broken PVC pipe out of the other pipe. Another way is to use a PVC cutter to cut the broken PVC pipe out of the other pipe.
How Do You Remove A Stuck Pipe Fitting?
There are a few ways to remove a stuck pipe fitting. One way is to use a pipe wrench to try to loosen the fitting. If that doesn't work, you can try using a hacksaw to cut the fitting off. Another way is to use a blowtorch to heat up the fitting and then use a pipe wrench to loosen it.
How Do You Get A Broken Threaded Pipe Out Of A Fitting?
The best way to get a broken threaded pipe out of a fitting is to use a pipe wrench.
How Do You Loosen Tight Copper Pipe Fittings?
There are a few ways to loosen tight copper pipe fittings. One is to use a pipe wrench, which can be effective if the fittings are only slightly tightened. If they are more tightly screwed on, using a hammer and chisel can help to loosen them. Another option is to use a propane torch to heat the fittings, which will cause them to expand and loosen.
How Do I Take Apart A Threaded Pipe?
There are a few ways to take apart a threaded pipe. One way is to use a wrench to unscrew the pipe. Another way is to use a hacksaw to cut the pipe in two.
How Do You Get A Fallen Well Pipe Out?
There are many possible ways to get a fallen well pipe out, depending on the situation. Some common methods include using a crane or other heavy machinery to lift the pipe out of the ground, using a drill to create a hole around the pipe so it can be pulled out, or using explosives to break the pipe into pieces.
Wrap-Up
If the broken pipe is sticking out of the fitting, a wrench can be used to twist it back and forth until it comes free. If the broken pipe is buried in the fitting, a plumber's snake can be used to remove it.
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text:
Old Stone House
Architect: Resident Designer
Contractor: Monks and lay workers (with Prior Benedict Haindl, OSB, as superintendent)
The Stone House was the first permanent building erected on the present Saint John's campus. The structure (built 200 feet from the shores of Lake Sagatagan) faced east and was 46' x 50' (it stood directly south of the present south wing). Bishop Thomas L. Grace, of St. Paul, laid the cornerstone on July 19, 1866 and occupancy took place by the end of the year. It consisted of a basement, two floors and an attic. The basement contained the kitchen and dining rooms; the first floor was divided into study halls and classrooms; on the second floor the monks had their rooms and the attic was used as a dormitory for students. The Stone House was a frontier adaptation of the simple Colonial Dutch gable structures of Pennsylvania. It was built unadorned with stones and boulders gathered from the local area. This building gave an aura of stability and permanence to Saint John's. The roof was crowned with a turret in which a 150 pound bell was placed (a gift of Brother Benno Muckenthaler's family in Bavaria). The bell (pitched in "C") announced both the hours of monastic prayer and the school schedule. On the south exterior wall, Valentine Stimmler, OSB, painted a picturesque sundial with baroque corona in bright Bavarian colors.
The Stone House served as college and monastery until 1871. In 1868, the first two story brick addition of the south wing (now the Health Center) was attached to the Stone House to the north. On March 22, 1877, a fire broke out early in the morning which caused more panic than damage. With ample space provided by the new quadrangle and in view of its weakened walls, the Stone House was demolished in 1893. In 1948, its bell was given to St. John's foundation in Puerto Rico by Abbot Alcuin.
Barry, Colman, OSB, Worship and Work, 1956, p. 83.
Hoffmann, Alexius, OSB, History of St. John's Abbey, _PHONE_, Part I, p. 69-72.
"The Stone House," The Record, September, 1893, p. 186-187.
"The Old Stone House." Scriptorium, 1954, p.19.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Jennis Gabrielpillai, Arash Salamat, Christian Schaefer, Alexander Kania, Christian Lunatschek, Klaus Wolfgang Eichhorn, Friedrich Bootz, Thorsten Send
Thrombosis is a serious complication of a hyaluronic acid-based filler injection. Little is known about the late-onset complications of fillers; therefore, an optimal complication management is necessary. In this case report, we describe a rare complication of thrombosis after a filler injection. A 35-year old woman was admitted to the emergency department, with swelling on her forehead in association with recurrent pain and light flashes in her right eye. Sonographic examination showed a thrombosis of the right frontal vein. The patient reported that a hyaluronic acid filler injection had been administered on the forehead 3 months ago. After several weeks of anticoagulation with heparin and apixaban, the symptoms persisted. The vein with thrombosis was ultimately resected under local anesthesia. Histological findings showed a chronic inflammatory reaction of the tissue to hyaluronic acid. Vascular complications may appear as late-onset complications even several months after the filler injection. Subcutaneous application of low molecular weight heparins is the therapy of first choice. If this treatment is not effective, resection of the thrombosis may be performed.
To read the full article: _URL_


text:
Michael Leitner, Philip Glasner, and Ourania Kounadi
The most prominent law in geography is Tobler's first law (TFL) of geography, which states that "everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." No other law in geography has received more attention than TFL. It is important because many spatial statistical methods have been developed since its publication and, especially since the advent of geographic information system (GIS) and geospatial technology, have been conceptually based on it. These methods include global and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (SA), spatial and spatial-temporal hotspots and cold spots, and spatial interpolation. All of these are highly relevant to spatial crime analysis, modeling, and mapping and will be discussed in the main part of this text.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Goldcrest
Irish Name: Cíorbhuí
Scientific name: Regulus regulus
Bird Family: Kinglets
green
Conservation status
Status
A common resident throughout Ireland, mainly in coniferous forests.
Identification
Our smallest breeding bird species, measuring just 9cm in length. Very active, moving quickly between branches and can be difficult to get a good view of. Adult male Goldcrests have a bright yellow crown stripe with at least some orange tint. Bordered by thick black stripe on either side, with the rest of the head greyish green. The back, rump and tail are dark olive-green and there is a small white wing-bar. The underparts are pale grey-green. Adult female Goldcrests are identical to males, except that the crown never shows any orange (pure yellow). Juveniles lack the ornate head colouring of the adults, having a plain grey head instead.
Voice
A very high pitched "zi-zi-zee", one of the few calls that can be heard in woodlands during the winter months. The song consists of a series of high-pitched notes with a crescendo at the end.
Diet
Feeds almost exclusively on insects and other invertebrates
Breeding
Goldcrests breed in a wide variety of habitats, including broadleaf forests, hedgerows and suburban gardens. It is also one of the few species that will breed in dense coniferous woodlands.
Wintering
Resident. In very cold weather may visit garden bird tables, but prefers searching for insects in vegetation.
Monitored by
Countryside Bird Survey.
Similar Species
Firecrest
Irish Name:
Lasairchíor
Scientific name:
Regulus ignicapillus
Bird Family:
Kinglets


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Lord Haw-Haw was the nickname of several announcers on the English language propaganda radio programme Germany Calling, broadcast by Nazi German radio to audiences in Great Britain on the medium wave station Reichssender Hamburg and by shortwave to the United States. The programme started on 18 September, 1939 and continued until 30 April, 1945, when Hamburg was overrun by the British Army. The nickname generally refers to William Joyce, who was the German radio's most prominent English language speaker, but was also applied to other speakers.
Through such broadcasts, the Third Reich
attempted to discourage and demoralize British and American troops and the British population within radio listening range, to suppress the effectiveness of the Allied
war effort through propaganda, and to motivate the Allies to agree to peace terms leaving the Nazi regime intact and in power. Among many techniques used, the Nazi broadcasts prominently reported on the shooting down of Allied aircraft and the sinking of Allied ships, presenting discouraging reports of high losses and casualties among Allied forces. Although the broadcasts were widely known to be Nazi propaganda, they frequently offered the only details available from behind enemy lines concerning the fate of friends and relatives who did not return from bombing raids over Germany. As a result, Allied troops and civilians frequently listened to Lord Haw-Haw's broadcasts in spite of the sometimes infuriating content and frequent inaccuracies and exaggerations, in the hopes of learning clues about the fate of Allied troops and air crews.
Origin of the name
The term "Lord Haw-Haw" was originally the nickname of James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan
, a 19th century British general, and the man who led The Charge of the Light Brigade
at the Battle of Balaclava
. The pseudonymous
radio critic Jonah Barrington
of the Daily Express
was the first to use the epithet to describe a German broadcaster, in an attempt to reduce his possible impact: "He speaks English
of the haw-haw, dammit-get-out-of-my-way-variety". However, the history of the name is somewhat confused; it was actually applied to a number of different announcers. Even soon after Barrington coined the nickname, it was uncertain exactly which German broadcaster he was describing. Some people just used "Lord Haw-Haw" as a generic term to describe all English-language German broadcasters. Poor reception may have added to some people's difficulties distinguishing between broadcasters.
Announcers using the pseudonym
A number of announcers could have been Lord Haw-Haw:
- Wolf Mittler was a German national with a British education who spoke as the caricature of an upper-class Englishman. His persona was described by some listeners as similar to the fictional aristocrat Bertie Wooster. Most people who have examined the issue have concluded that it was probably Mittler whose voice Barrington described. Under Mittler, the program reached its greatest popularity in Britain and Ireland, with over six million listeners.
- Norman Baillie-Stewart was a former officer of the Seaforth Highlanders who was cashiered for selling secrets to Germany. He worked as a broadcaster for the Germans for a short time in 1939. He was jailed for five years by the British after the war. For a time he claimed that he was the original Lord Haw-Haw. He did have an upper-class accent, which supported his original claim; however, he later came around to the view that it was probably Mittler whose voice Barrington had heard.
- Eduard Dietze, a broadcaster of mixed German-British-Hungarian family background, is another possible, but less likely candidate for the original Lord Haw-Haw.
- William Joyce replaced Mittler in 1939. Joyce was American-born and raised in Ireland. Although a Catholic, as a teenager he informed on the IRA rebels to the British forces during the Anglo-Irish War. He was also formerly a senior member of the British Union of Fascists, and fled England when tipped off about his planned internment on August 26, 1939. He was the main German broadcaster in English for most of the war, and became a naturalised German citizen; he is usually regarded as "Lord Haw-Haw," even though he was probably not the person to whom the term originally referred. He had a peculiar hybrid accent that was not of the conventional upper class variety. His distinctive pronunciation of "Jairmany calling, Jairmany calling" which can be described as a "nasal drawl," may have been the result of a broken nose.
Later history and aftermath
After Joyce took over, Mittler was paired with the American-born announcer Mildred Gillars in the Axis Sally program and also broadcast to ANZAC forces in North Africa. Mittler survived the war and appeared on postwar German television. Baillie-Stewart was sentenced to five years' imprisonment. Joyce was captured by British forces in northern Germany just as the war ended, tried, and eventually hanged for treason on January 3, 1946. Joyce's defense team, appointed to him by the court, argued that, as an American citizen and naturalised German, Joyce could not have been convicted of treason against the British Crown. However, the prosecution successfully argued on the basis of a technicality that having lied about his nationality to obtain a British passport and to vote, Joyce owed allegiance to the King.
The decision to hang him was made perhaps because of the fear his alleged omniscience had inspired. As J.A. Cole has written, "The British public would not have been surprised if, in that Flensburg wood, Haw-Haw had carried in his pocket a secret weapon capable of annihilating an armoured brigade."
- Biggs, Stanley Champion. As Luck Would Have It in War and Peace (Victoria, Canada: Trafford Publishing, 2008)
- Cole, J.A. Lord Haw-Haw & William Joyce: The Full Story (New York, 1965)


{x \to \infty} \frac{1}{1 + e^{-x}} = \frac{1}{1} = 1
and:
\lim_{x \to -\infty} \frac{1}{1 + e^{-x}} = \frac{1}{\to \infty} = 0
In other words, the range of the function is the open interval (0,1), and it increases throughout its domain.
Points of inflection
The second derivative is:
g''(x) = g(x)(1 - g(x))(1 - 2g(x)) = g'(x)(1 - 2g(x))
We already noted that g'(x) is always defined and nonzero, so the only way for g''(x) to be zero is if 1 - 2g(x) = 0< or g(x) = 1/2. This solves to:
\frac{1}{1 + e^{-x}} = \frac{1}{2}
This solves to e^{-x} = 1, or x = 0.
Thus, the second derivative is 0 at the point (0,1/2), i.e., with x = 0 and g(x) = 1/2.
Intervals of concave up and down
As above, we have:
g''(x) = g'(x)(1 - 2g(x))
We also noted that g'(x) > 0 for all x. Therefore, g''(x) > 0 for x < 0 and g''(x) < 0 for x > 0. Therefore, g is:
 - concave up for x < 0, i.e., x \in (-\infty, 0)
 - concave down for x > 0, i.e., x \in (0, \infty)
Symmetry
We discussed above a functional equation satisfied by g:
g(-x) = 1 - g(x)
From this, the following can be deduced:
 - The graph of g has half-turn symmetry about the point (0, 1/2).
 - g' is an even function. Note that this can also be seen from the actual expression: g'(x) = g(x)g(-x). But we don't need the actual expression to deduce that it is even -- the functional equation above gives evenness.
 - g'' is an odd function. This can be directly deduced from g' being even, but can also be verified from the actual expression: g''(x) = g'(x)(1 - 2g(x)) = g'(x)(g(-x) - g(x)).
Integration
First antiderivative
Direct computation
We have:
\int g(x) \, dx = \int \frac{1 \, dx}{1 + e^{-x}} = \int \frac{e^x \, dx}{e^x + 1} = \ln(e^x + 1) + C
Computation in terms of functional equations for the logistic function
We have:
g'(x) = g(x)(1 - g(x))
We also have that 1 - g(x) = g(-x), so we get:
g'(x) = g(x)g(-x)
This can be rewritten as:
\frac{d}{dx}(\ln(g(x)) = g(-x)
By the chain rule for differentiation, we get:
\frac{d}{dx}(\ln(g(-x)) = -g(x)
Thus:
\int g(x) \, dx = -\ln(g(-x)) + C
This can be simplified and verified to be the same as the answer obtained by direct computation.


text:
Adolescents and the native-immigrant mental health gap in Spain. The same story as in the U.S.?
Yumiko Aratani, Columbia University
Hector Cebolla, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)
Amparo Gonzalez-Ferrer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Mariña Fernandez Reino, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
This paper explores and explains migrant-native differentials in psychological health of adolescents in Spain. As a recent immigration country, research on integration outcomes in Spain is attracting growing attention. Spain was the second largest destination of international migration only after the US from 2000 to 2007, and the impact that the Great Recession is being particularly strong among migrant families and other disadvantaged groups. Our paper is inspired by a growing body of research from United States showing that Latin American origin adolescents tend to show highest risks for mental health even after controlling for age, gender and socioeconomic status. Despite of the growing size of this population in Spain, research on their mental health and psychological wellbeing remains very limited due to a serious dearth of adequate data. We take advantage of a recently released dataset, the Chances (2011) survey, which sampled students enrolled in the 3rd and 4th grades of secondary education in the municipality of Madrid (n=2,734). The survey oversampled adolescents of immigrant origin, which allows for separated analyses of this population. In addition, it contains very rich information on the life of adolescents, including indicators of mental health and psychological wellbeing, quality of the relationship within the family, relationships with friends and schoolmates, etc. A parallel survey was taken with the parents of half of the adolescents sample (n=1,239), which includes additional information about family characteristics and intergenerational relationships. Finally, the data also permit to examine the impact of contextual factors such as schools and neighbourhoods. Our findings suggest worse mental health outcomes of children of migrant families compared to native families in Spain. Using several indicators of mental health outcomes (e.g. difficulties to concentrate, sleep, self-esteem), the paper examines the effect of parent characteristics, family conflict, and school and neighbourhood context on adolescent mental health.
Presented in Session 38: Child well-being, health and development


text: How we develop our serious games concept for effectiveness and fun Last update: october 2019 Developing a serious game concept (or the gamification of problem solving) requires some extra steps compared to traditional game development, so we summarized our internal approach as a piece of game development advice. Introducing research early and making it an integral part of game development reduces the risk of spending all the budget on a serious game that will prove to be ineffective in the end. We are trying to get the best of both worlds – using the power of research and the expertise of a game development company to make a fun and effective serious game. The goal of research is to ensure that the core mechanics are effective in terms of both entertainment and education. These insights may be interesting for serious game companies, researchers, or clients who are interested in making a serious game. During the production phase, research aims to gather feedback about the usability, engagement, and learning of the game in order to continually make improvements. Finally, during the post-production phase, the final game is tested for its efficacy and effectiveness in terms of the learning goal. Based on these different types of research needed for each production phase, we propose the following five steps: Concept phase: making sure that we have a solid, evidence-based game concept ("How can the game make a measurable impact?") Pre-production phase: testing the core mechanics using prototypes ("Does the core mechanics work for the entertainment and education goals?") Production phase: testing the usability, engagement, and learning iteratively ("Is the game easy to understand, fun, and effective?") Post-production phase 1: doing efficacy and effectiveness research of the final game ("Is the game efficacious and effective in reaching the learning goal?") Post-production phase 2: tracking metrics after game is released ("Is the game effective in real life?") This article will focus on the first part – the concept phase. I will outline the steps that we take to develop the game concept in the next section. What are the steps in the concept phase of creating a serious game? The steps we take to develop our serious game concept: Define the goal of the game Extract requirements for the game from a problem analysis Create concepts filtered by the requirements Participate in the game testing with the target audience together with the clients/domain experts 1. Define the goal of the game How do we define the goal of a game? Defining the goal of the game is the most important step before creating a game concept. Ideally, we want a goal that is specific, time-bound, measurable, feasible, and relevant. To make sure that we have a scientific list of requirements for the game, we do a literature research together with the clients/domain experts, which results in a document called "Problem Analyses". We define the problems that the game tries to solve. The solutions becomes the goal of the game for the players and the theoretical background it is based upon. 2. Extract requirements for the game from a problem analysis How do we define the requirements for a game? From the "Problem Analyses", we extract requirements for the game concept. The requirements are dictated by the results from the literature research, as in, what does the literature offer as the solution for a given problem. These requirements are added to any requirements a client might have beforehand. 3. Create concepts filtered by the requirements How do we use the requirements to create a concept? When we finish the list of requirements for a game concept, we sent it to the clients/domain experts and ask them to rate the priority of each requirement. Based on their ratings we have a brainstorming session and come up with several game concepts. We start from the requirement that we think is the most important and jot down whatever concepts that come to mind. After we have an initial list, we run the concepts through the requirements that we derived from the previous step and select the game concept that meet the most requirements. 4. Participate in the game testing with the target audience together with the clients/domain experts How does participating in testing help our game concept? We do many tests with the clients and their target players to evaluate the effectiveness and fun of the game. We also look to see if players are clear on the goals the game communicates. From those tests, we narrow down elements that worked the best. Its best to have people from the game development team also participate in the testing, so that we can also observe what worked the best in terms of gameplay. To read more on game testing read this comprehensive wikipedia article: Game Testing. At the end of these steps, we might go through these steps again if there are indications that we need to refine our concept. If you're interested in how we apply the steps above to our own products, have a look at our method page as well. Do you want to learn more about serious games and their impact? Subscribe to our newsletter to read more articles like this. Subscribe now! Additional Advice Elicit feedback from within the company as soon as we have a draft of the game concept Sometimes. the first time someone within the company, who was not on this project saw the game concept,was when we had the complete first game concept. They provide very insightful feedback, but we did not incorporate that because we did not have enough time. In the future, we should show the draft of the game concept as soon as we have a rough draft to make use of the team's intuitions and expertise in making fun games. Add a step to filter the clients/domain experts' feedback before revising the game concept We added a step to filter domain experts' feedback. In this step, we separate the functional requirements from the creative suggestions. In other words, we follow the clients/domain experts' requirements about the goals of the game but are more cautious when they suggest how the game should look, how the gameplay should be, or how the educational elements should be incorporated into the gameplay. When we are in doubt, we can get the opinions of other domain experts and the other members of the company or test the ideas with the target audience. If the clients/domain experts do not like the game concept, but it is effective and liked by the target audience, we stand our ground. Expect a communication curve and communicate more frequently with the clients/domain experts From the initial ideas that the client came to us with to the current game concept, there can be multiple iterations. During every iteration, we can discover discrepancies between what we thought the clients/domain experts wanted and what they actually wanted. It feels like the discrepancy is getting smaller and smaller when we talk with each other more and more. Eventually we will reach the Bull's eye – a game concept that we are both happy with. Some parts of the communication curve are avoidable. For example, if we can get the requirements from the clients/domain experts and clarify them earlier, and if we could involve the clients more while making the first game concept, we can make a game concept that is more on-point the first time. Other parts of the curve are inevitable because the clients/domain experts may not be able to tell us what exactly they want until they see the concrete game concept. It indicates that when we plan for the development of a serious game, we should take the communication time into account, and communicate with the clients/domain experts earlier and more frequently. Conclusion We took some time to address this workflow and are now benefiting from it in our new projects. One of these projects is Reducept, a virtual reality game that helps reduce chronic pain. Its game concept was developed in line with the workflow we described above, and is receiving many favorable reactions. Hopefully you can use our advice to improve (parts of) your game concepts. Thanks for reading and good luck! Resources Game Testing Serious Game Effectiveness Serious Games This is a condensed version of an earlier article, you can find it here.


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Dr. Ricia Anne Chansky, professor in the English department at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, is the coeditor of the forthcoming Voice of Witness (VOW) project, Mi María: Surviving the Storm.
Voice of Witness worked with Dr. Chansky and more than a hundred of her students to collect and amplify the stories of survivors across the island. Mi María brings together stories of survival, community, and strength with an interrogation of the politics of citizenry rooted in the history of Puerto Rico and the United States.
In recognition of her pedagogical work with students that blossomed into this public oral history project, we're thrilled to celebrate Dr. Chansky for receiving the Oral History Association's Post-Secondary Teaching Award.
After Hurricane María, Dr. Chansky invited students to write their own hurricane memoirs. Most were written in pen on paper as electricity was still out. Recognizing the value of this work, Dr. Chansky designed the Mi María project and partnered with Voice of Witness, inspired by the premise that students could help themselves and their home communities if they expanded this voluntary memoir lesson into an oral history project.
After intensive training during the VOW Story Lab, Dr. Chansky returned to the university where she taught over a hundred undergraduate students from all majors and disciplines to ethically collect, transcribe, translate, and edit oral history narratives. All of these students are survivors of Hurricane María—each with their own story to tell—who went into their home communities to collect unheard stories of the hurricane and its aftermath. The project aims to support often disempowered communities to reclaim agency through the facilitation of a public sharing of narratives. As Dr. Chansky wrote, "I did not intend to begin an ongoing, large-scale project in the midst of disaster, rather, I started this work out of an ethics of care for my students."
In response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a new stage of the project, "Sheltered in Place," will use the existing model of employing oral history to help students and communities heal and reclaim their narratives in times of ongoing disaster. Dr. Chansky also received the Oral History Association's Emerging Crises Grant for this phase of the project.


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1) In evidence
The basis for admitting testimony or evidence into evidence. For example, an attorney must lay a foundation in order to admit an expert witness' testimony or a company's business records into evidence. Laying a foundation establishes the qualifications of a witness or the authenticity of evidence.
2) Fund or endowment
A fund or endowment established for a benevolent purpose, such as charity, religion, education, or research.


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line spread function
Also found in: Acronyms.
line spread func·tion (LSF),
a measure of the ability of a system to form sharp images; in radiology, determined by measuring the spatial density distribution on film of the x-ray image of a narrow slit in a dense metal, such as uranium; from this can be calculated the modulation transfer function.
line spread function (LSF)
a graph obtained from the image of a narrow line, which quantifies the amount of blur produced by an imaging system.


_pre_upgrade_hook=/home/user/openshift-ansible/hooks/pre_node.yml
 openshift_node_post_upgrade_hook=/home/user/openshift-ansible/hooks/post_node.yml
 To avoid ambiguity in the paths to the hook, use absolute paths instead of a relative paths in their definitions.
7.3.3. Available hooks for RHEL compute machines
You can use the following hooks when you update the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) compute machines in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Hook nameDescription
openshift_node_pre_cordon_hook
 - Runs before each node is cordoned.
 - This hook runs against each node in serial.
 - If a task must run against a different host, the task must use delegate_to or local_action.
openshift_node_pre_upgrade_hook
 - Runs after each node is cordoned but before it is updated.
 - This hook runs against each node in serial.
 - If a task must run against a different host, the task must use delegate_to or local_action.
openshift_node_pre_uncordon_hook
 - Runs after each node is updated but before it is uncordoned.
 - This hook runs against each node in serial.
 - If a task must run against a different host, they task must use delegate_to or local_action.
openshift_node_post_upgrade_hook
 - Runs after each node uncordoned. It is the last node update action.
 - This hook runs against each node in serial.
 - If a task must run against a different host, the task must use delegate_to or local_action.
7.4. Updating RHEL compute machines in your cluster
After you update your cluster, you must update the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) compute machines in your cluster.
Important
Because only Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) version 7.9 or later is supported for worker (compute) machines, you must not upgrade the RHEL worker machines to version 8.
You can also update your compute machines to another minor version of OpenShift Container Platform if you are using RHEL as the operating system. You do not need to exclude any RPM packages from RHEL when performing a minor version update.
Prerequisites
 - You updated your cluster.
 Important
 Because the RHEL machines require assets that are generated by the cluster to complete the update process, you must update the cluster before you update the RHEL worker machines in it.
 - You have access to the local machine that you used to add the RHEL compute machines to your cluster. You must have access to the hosts Ansible inventory file that defines your RHEL machines and the upgrade playbook.
 - For updates to a minor version, the RPM repository is using the same version of OpenShift Container Platform that is running on your cluster.
Procedure
 1. Stop and disable firewalld on the host:
 # systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
 Note
 By default, the base OS RHEL with "Minimal" installation option enables firewalld serivce. Having the firewalld service enabled on your host prevents you from accessing OpenShift Container Platform logs on the worker. Do not enable firewalld later if you wish to continue accessing OpenShift Container Platform logs on the worker.
 2. Enable the repositories that are required for OpenShift Container Platform 4.6:
 1. On the machine that you run the Ansible playbooks, update the required repositories:
 # subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-ose-4.5-rpms \
 --enable=rhel-7-server-ansible-2.9-rpms \
 --enable=rhel-7-server-ose-4.6-rpms
 2. On the machine that you run the Ansible playbooks, update the required packages, including openshift-ansible:
 # yum update openshift-ansible openshift-clients
 3. On each RHEL compute node, update the required repositories:
 # subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-ose-4.5-rpms \
 --enable=rhel-7-server-ose-4.6-rpms \
 --enable=rhel-7-fast-datapath-rpms \
 --enable=rhel-7-server-optional-rpms
 3. Update a RHEL worker machine:
 1. Review the current node status to determine which RHEL worker to update:
 # oc get node
 Example output
 NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
 mycluster-control-plane-0 Ready master 145m v1.19.0
 mycluster-control-plane-1 Ready master 145m v1.19.0
 mycluster-control-plane-2 Ready master 145m v1.19.0
 mycluster-rhel7-0 NotReady,SchedulingDisabled worker 98m v1.14.6+97c81d00e
 mycluster-rhel7-1 Ready worker 98m v1.14.6+97c81d00e
 mycluster-rhel7-2 Ready worker 98m v1.14.6+97c81d00e
 mycluster-rhel7-3 Ready worker 98m v1.14.6+97c81d00e
 Note which machine has the NotReady,SchedulingDisabled status.
 2. Review your Ansible inventory file at /<path>/inventory/hosts and update its contents so that only the machine with the NotReady,SchedulingDisabled status is listed in the [workers] section, as shown in the following example:
 [all:vars]
 ansible_user=root
 #ansible_become=True

 openshift_kubeconfig_path="~/.kube/config"

 [workers]
 mycluster-rhel7-0.example.com
 3. Change to the openshift-ansible directory:
 $ cd /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible
 4. Run the upgrade playbook:
 $ ansible-playbook -i /<path>/inventory/hosts playbooks/upgrade.yml 1
 1
 For <path>, specify the path to the Ansible inventory file that you created.
 Note
 The upgrade playbook only upgrades the OpenShift Container Platform packages. It does not update the operating system packages.
 4. Follow the process in the previous step to update each RHEL worker machine in your cluster.
 5. After you update all of the workers, confirm that all of your cluster nodes have updated to the new version:
 # oc get node
 Example output
 NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
 mycluster-control-plane-0 Ready master 145m v1.19.0
 mycluster-control-plane-1 Ready master 145m v1.19.0
 mycluster-control-plane-2 Ready master 145m v1.19.0
 mycluster-rhel7-0 NotReady,SchedulingDisabled worker 98m v1.19.0
 mycluster-rhel7-1 Ready worker 98m v1.19.0
 mycluster-rhel7-2 Ready worker 98m v1.19.0
 mycluster-rhel7-3 Ready worker 98m v1.19.0
 6. Optional: Update the operating system packages that were not updated by the upgrade playbook. To update packages that are not on 4.6, use the following command:
 # yum update
 Note
 You do not need to exclude RPM packages if you are using the same RPM repository that you used when you installed 4.6.
Chapter 8. Updating a restricted network cluster
You can update a restricted network OpenShift Container Platform cluster by using the oc command-line interface (CLI).
A restricted network environment is the one in which your cluster nodes cannot access the internet. For this reason, you must populate a registry with the installation images. If your registry host cannot access both the internet and the cluster, you can mirror the images to a file system that disconnected from that environment and then bring that host or removable media across that gap. If the local container registry and the cluster are connected to the mirror registry's host, you can directly push the release images to the local registry.
If multiple clusters are present within the restricted network, mirror the required release images to a single container image registry and use that registry to update all the clusters.
8.1. Prerequisites
 - Have access to the internet to obtain the necessary container images.
 - Have write access to a container registry in the restricted-network environment to push and pull images. The container registry must be compatible with Docker registry API v2.
 - You must have the oc command-line interface (CLI) tool installed.
 - Have access to the cluster as a user with admin privileges. See Using RBAC to define and apply permissions.
 - Have a recent etcd backup in case your update fails and you must restore your cluster to a previous state.
 - Ensure that all machine config pools (MCPs) are running and not paused. Nodes associated with a paused MCP are skipped during the update process.
 - If your cluster uses manually


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The floodable park provides a surface which has capacity to absorb the flow peaks. This NBS is deployed with trees adapted to live in temporary flood conditions (Fraxinus spp., Betula spp., Salix spp.,etc.). This arboreal series will be installed to form a new urban ecosystem to improve and preserve the biodiversity.
The degree of intervention in the environment will mainly depend on the volume of earth from the ground to be excavated and then transported to create the depression used as detention basin.
Actions to be implemented related to the floodable park will have a period of investment recovery up to 15 years.


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In the Illusion of Sex, two faces are perceived as male and female. However, both faces are actually versions of the same androgynous face. One face was created by increasing the contrast of the androgynous face, while the other face was created by decreasing the contrast. The face with more contrast is perceived as female, while the face with less contrast is perceived as male. The Illusion of Sex demonstrates that contrast is an important cue for perceiving the sex of a face, with greater contrast appearing feminine, and lesser contrast appearing masculine.
Russell, R. (2009) A sex difference in facial pigmentation and its exaggeration by cosmetics. Perception, (38)1211-1219.


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Measuring the Impact of Better Local Governance in Indonesia
The core research question to be addressed in this project is 'To what extent does the quality of economic governance at the district level enhance the economic performance of Indonesia's decentralised districts?'
Several empirical studies have confirmed the connection between better governance and improved economic performance. However, to date, almost all of these studies have used a cross-country approach to try and explain the extent to which national governance affects national economic performance.
The wave of decentralisation over the last few decades means that many countries have sub-national regions with significant administrative, fiscal and sometimes political autonomy. Nowhere in the Asia Pacific is this truer than in Indonesia, which has decentralised political, administrative and significant fiscal autonomy to over 480 districts. However, the economic performance of Indonesia's districts since decentralisation in 2001 has varied dramatically.
There is anecdotal evidence that the policies pursued by sub-national authorities have an important bearing on the quality of the local investment climate and consequently the economic performance of the region. However, measuring whether this is true and, if so, how important local economic governance is, is usually impossible because of the lack of suitable data at the sub-national level.
However, the Asia Foundation, in conjunction with a national Indonesian NGO, Regional Autonomy Watch (KPPOD), have recently produced a remarkable dataset which measures the quality of local economic governance in 243 districts across the country. The data is based on a statistically representative random sample of over 12,000 firms and 729 business associations throughout these districts. This dataset provides a unique opportunity to test empirically the hypothesis that better local governance in Indonesia positively affects local economic performance.
The key gap that this research will address is that, despite huge efforts to build the capacity of local governments and several years of debate about the costs and benefits of decentralisation, we still do not have clear empirical evidence about whether improving the quality of local economic governance does, in fact, tend to result in improved economic performance.
The likely benefits from this research will include: a better understanding of which aspects of local economic governance matter most for economic performance and a quantification of how much they matter relative to other factors, helping policymakers and donors focus on those aspects most likely to yield significant gains in terms of growth and poverty reduction in lagging regions; and a greater awareness and use by civil society groups of the Economic Governance Index as a tool to put pressure on local leaders for governance reforms.
See the YouTube video where Neil McCulloch contributes to the Asia Foundation's Economic Governance Index which surveys local government regulations across a single country, and assesses their impact on local business growth.
- Project Dates:
- January 2009 - December 2009
- Project Status:
- Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID)


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This is an Ultra Light stove made with bottle caps. This is easy to make and it weighs next to nothing!
Teachers! Did you use this instructable in your classroom?
Add a Teacher Note to share how you incorporated it into your lesson.
Step 1: Materials
You will need:
2 Bottle caps
a match or a lighter
Step 2: Let's Get Started!
Use the pliers to bend back the rim of one bottle cap.
Step 3: Make the Fill Holes
Hammer the nail into the other bottle cap about four times the create the fill holes.
Step 4: Hammer It Down
Use a hammer to create a "divot" in the bottle cap so the fuel can drain without it spilling.
Step 5: Put Them Together
Fit the holed bottle cap inside the other one to finish the stove.
Step 6: Try It Out!
You just made the world's lightest camping stove!
To use it:
Pour some isopropyl alcohol in the fill hole. Using a match or a lighter, light it!


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Life cycle approach
A life cycle approach to project management is a structured approach that takes into consideration all the phases of a project from start to finish. This includes the initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closing of the project. A life cycle approach ensures that all aspects of a project are properly managed, enabling the project to achieve its goals and objectives in the most efficient and effective manner. It also helps to identify any potential risks and issues associated with the project, enabling the team to take corrective actions to ensure the project is completed on time and within budget.
Example of life cycle approach
- A software development project: In a software development project, the life cycle approach would involve the initiation, planning, design, implementation, testing, and deployment of the software. Throughout the process, the project team would need to monitor the progress and take corrective action if necessary. Additionally, the project team would need to ensure that the software meets all of the customer's requirements and that the end product is delivered on time and within budget.
- A construction project: A construction project would follow a similar life cycle approach, with the initiation, planning, design, and implementation of the project. Throughout the process, the project team would need to monitor the progress and take corrective actions if necessary. Additionally, the team would need to ensure that all of the construction requirements are met and that the end product is delivered on time and within budget.
- A marketing campaign: A marketing campaign would also involve a life cycle approach, with the initiation, planning, execution, and monitoring of the campaign. The project team would need to ensure that all of the objectives are met and that the campaign is effective in reaching its target audience. Additionally, the team would need to monitor the results of the campaign to identify any areas of improvement.
Best practices of life cycle approach
- Define the project scope and objectives clearly: Before beginning any project, it is important to define the project scope and objectives. This will ensure that everyone involved in the project is aware of the expectations and requirements.
- Create a comprehensive project plan: A comprehensive project plan should be created that outlines the tasks, milestones, and timeline for the project. This plan should be regularly updated and revised to reflect changes in the project.
- Establish a project team: It is important to assemble a team of dedicated professionals with the right skills and experience to ensure the project is successful.
- Develop a risk management plan: A risk management plan should be created to identify potential risks and establish strategies to address them.
- Monitor progress: Regularly monitoring progress will ensure the project is on track and any issues can be identified and addressed quickly.
- Allocate sufficient resources: It is important to allocate the necessary resources to ensure the project is completed on time and within budget.
- Communicate with stakeholders: Regular communication with stakeholders is key to ensure everyone is informed and aware of the project status.
- Perform quality assurance: Quality assurance should be conducted to ensure the project meets the defined criteria and is of a high quality.
- Close the project: Once the project is completed, it is important to close the project and document the results. This will ensure that the project is properly documented and any lessons learned are shared across the organization.
When to use life cycle approach
A life cycle approach is an effective way to manage projects, as it takes into account all aspects of the project from start to finish. It is particularly useful in the following situations:
- When managing complex projects that require a high level of coordination and collaboration.
- When resources are limited and the project needs to be completed within a tight budget.
- When working with stakeholders who have different objectives and expectations.
- When the project scope is unclear or changes during the project.
- When the project team needs to track progress and make decisions quickly.
- When risk management is a priority.
- When there are tight deadlines and the project must be completed on time.
Types of life cycle approach
A life cycle approach to project management typically includes several distinct types of models. These models are used to guide the project team in its planning and execution, ensuring that the project meets its goals and objectives in the most efficient and effective manner. The most common types of life cycle approach include:
- Waterfall Model: This is the most common type of life cycle approach, which follows a sequential set of steps from start to finish. It is the simplest and most structured approach, following a linear path with distinct stages.
- Agile Model: This approach is based on the principles of agile software development, which emphasize flexibility and continuous improvement. This model allows for rapid iterations and changes to be made throughout the project, based on feedback from stakeholders.
- Iterative Model: This model involves repeating a series of steps in order to gradually improve the project. This approach is particularly useful when developing complex software projects, as it allows for changes and improvements to be made as the project progresses.
- Spiral Model: This model combines elements of the waterfall and iterative models, allowing for the project to be broken down into easily manageable chunks. This model is useful for large projects, as it allows for rapid development and allows for changes to be made throughout the course of the project.
Steps of life cycle approach
A life cycle approach to project management involves a structured approach that takes into consideration all the phases of a project from start to finish. These steps include:
- Initiation: This phase is when the project is created and the objectives and goals are established. It is also the stage where the project team is identified and stakeholders are identified and consulted.
- Planning: This phase involves the development of the project plan, which includes the budget, timeline, resources, and risks associated with the project.
- Execution: This phase is when the project team begins to work on the deliverables and tasks associated with the project.
- Monitoring and Control: This phase is when the progress of the project is tracked and any issues or risks that arise are addressed.
- Closing: This phase is when the project is completed and is officially closed. At this stage, any remaining tasks or deliverables are completed, the project is documented, and any lessons learned are recorded.
Advantages of life cycle approach
A life cycle approach to project management offers many advantages. These include:
- Increased efficiency and effectiveness of project management, as it ensures that all phases of the project are properly managed, from start to finish.
- Improved communication and collaboration between stakeholders, as the approach provides a structured framework for stakeholders to work together and ensure that the project goals and objectives are met.
- Increased visibility of the project, as the approach enables all stakeholders to have access to the same information, making it easier to track progress and identify any potential issues.
- Reduced risk of project failure, as the life cycle approach helps to identify potential risks upfront, allowing the team to take corrective action and mitigate any risks.
- Improved project budgeting, as the life cycle approach helps to ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget.
Limitations of life cycle approach
A life cycle approach to project management can be a useful tool for managing a project, however it is not without its limitations. To ensure an effective project, it is important to be aware of the following limitations of this approach:
- First, the life cycle approach can be time consuming as it requires project managers to go through each step of the process in detail.
- Second, the approach does not allow for any flexibility or adaptation to changing circumstances. This means that if something unexpected occurs during the project, there may be difficulty in adjusting the plan to account for it.
- Third, the approach can be inflexible in terms of resource allocation and budgeting, as the project manager is required to plan everything in advance.
- Finally, the life cycle approach may be too rigid and may not take into account the needs and preferences of stakeholders, resulting in a project that is not tailored to their needs.
|Life cycle approach — recommended articles
|Life cycle model — Successful project management — Applications of project management — Life cycle project management — Project delivery method — Software development process — Traditional project management — Project boundary — Organizational project management
- Westland, J. (2007). The project management life cycle: A complete step-by-step methodology for initiating planning executing and closing the project. Kogan Page Publishers.


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I went online and looked for one and the ones that I found were really spendy so I figured that I would just make my own.
What you need:
marble adhesive paper (Obviously it doesn't have to be marble, it can be any pattern you want!)
A realy sharp knife
An eyewear cleaning cloth
How you make it:
Step1: Cut a piece of marble adhesive paper that is about 2cm wider than your computer on each side.
Step2: Take of half of the the paper that is on the back and slowly start attaching the sticky side of the paper on top of your computer.
Don't just do it all at once, start on one side and work your way to the other side by swiping your finger back and forth on top of the paper with your eyewear cleaning cloth and in that way attaching the it to your computer. This way you avoid any air bubbles. Do the same thing on the sides of your computer, it doesn't matter if it goes over the screen-part, you'll cut the excess away later.
Step3: On the corners you can blow on the paper with a hair dryer while at the same time pulling it downwards. The paper will expand and in that way cover your rounded corners without any bubble or wrinkles. Turn your computer up-side-down and do it again but pulling it upwards.
Step4: Leave your computer up-side-down and put your knife parallel with the table so that you get a straight line and start cutting of the excess paper.
Step5: If you want to cut out the apple logo that is up to you, just turn on the screen so that you can see the apple thru the paper and start running your knife along the edges of the logo.
And now you have a pretty computer to use!
You can follow me on:


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Industrial process instrumentation supplier Krohne announced the introduction of the new Optisonic 7300 Biogas ultrasonic flowmeter to the Southern African market in the last quarter of last year.
The Optisonic 7300 Biogas is an ultrasonic flowmeter for low-pressure biogas, landfill and sewage gas applications.
The flowmeter is ideally suited to measure biogas with a high carbon dioxide (CO2) content as well as small amounts of other media like hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen, hydrocarbons or condensation water, and has been specially designed to measure dry and wet biogas with variable composition.
The flowmeter overcomes the limitations of the ultrasonic principle in biogas applications owing to high damping of the acoustic signals by CO2 and high-water content in the biogas. Its signal transducers provide a stronger ultrasonic signal into the gas, and specialised signal processing enables better detection of small, strongly dampened acoustic signals. These features, along with the mechanical design of transducers and transducer pockets, make the measurement insensitive to liquid and biological scaling.
It features a maintenance-free full bore flow sensor without any moving parts. Owing to the hydrogen sulphide in biogas being corrosive when dissolved in water, the measuring tube is made of stainless steel 1.4404/316 ℓ and the transducers are made of Nace-approved grade 29 titanium for maximum corrosion resistance. Equipped with lap joint flanges to lower its overall weight, the measurement accuracy is specified at 1% of actual measured flow rate when calibrated with air. When 2% accuracy is sufficient, users can select a dry calibration alternative at a significantly lower price.
Optisonic 7300 Biogas features a built-in temperature sensor that facilitates direct measurement of methane content using calculation of the molar mass, in combination with the measured velocity of sound. This enables end-users to determine the exact methane content of the biogas necessary when it is used as fuel for gas engines in a combined heat unit. It can also provide calculation of gas flow volume to standard conditions by using an additional pressure sensor.
The electronics include diagnostics to validate the flowmeter functions and the process. For output of the measured values, four to 20 mA and pulse outputs are available, while HART and the option of Modbus are included for field communication.
The flowmeter provides additional functions like calculation of standard volume, methane content measurement, and diagnostics features. It also features no moving parts and no pressure loss.
The flowmeter is certified for use in explosive areas. Since no pressure drop is generally allowed in biogas pipelines, the device is available in common line sizes of two, three, four, six and eight inches.


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Dr. kaylan is an ecologist who studies bird behavior. she sets up an experiment to test which type of food crows are most likely to eat when given a choice between walnuts, corn, and sunflower seeds. to perform her experiment, dr. kaylan places three food bins in an area frequented by cows. each bin contains one of the three food types. then, she measures how much of each food type is eaten every day for a month and summarizes the results of her experiment in the pie chart below. based on her results, dr. kaylan concludes that crows choose to eat corn more frequently than other food sources because it has a higher nutritional value. what is a reasonable alternate conclusion that can be drawn from dr. kaylan's data
mendel's first law states that during the formation of reproductive cells, pairs of hereditary factors for a specific trait separate so that offspring receive one factor from each parent.
the dark variety, as they are not visible on the dark tree barks
discord server for trading homework!
explanation: ill you out, join


_USER_{10.4103/2321-1407.142903, title = {No more monkey business with impacted canines}, author = {Jay Bowman, S}, abstract = { Various treatment mechanics have been created to direct the eruption of impacted teeth, including the application of intraand interarch forces to some type of attachment on the affe cted teeth. The present communication describes the use of two simple auxiliaries, the Monkey Hook* and the Kilroy Spring*, for the directed eruption of impacted and/ or the correction of severely rotated teeth. }, volume = 4, journal = {APOS Trends in Orthodontics}, issn = {2321-4600}, issn = {2321-1407}, url = {_URL_ doi = {10.4103/2321-1407.142903} }


Using the Compute Derivative Tool in SMS
With the release of the SMS 13.1 beta, a new tool has been added to the Dataset Toolbox. The Dataset Toolbox contains many tools for creating new datasets from existing data in your project. The Dataset Toolbox contains the Data Calculator as well as tools for comparing datasets and completing certain functions.
Among all the tools currently available, the Compute Derivative tool has been added to the Temporal tools in the Dataset Toolbox. In a previous blog post we discussed the other temporal tools if you want to review the function of those tools. The Compute Derivative tool allows you to create a new dataset showing the change from one time step to the next, or the derivative from one time step to the next of an existing dataset.
To access and use the Computer Derivative tool, do the following:
 1. Have a transient dataset loaded into the project.
 2. Use the Data | Dataset Toolbox command.
 3. In the Dataset Toolbox dialog, select the Computer Derivative tool under the list of Temporal tools.
 4. Select the desired dataset to use for the computation.
 5. Select either the Change or Derivative option.
 6. If selecting the Derivative option, also specify the time units.
 7. Enter a name for the new dataset.
Compute Derivative Tool in SMS
The new dataset generated from the Computer Derivative tool will output data in between the existing dataset time steps, resulting in one fewer time steps than the original dataset.
The Compute Derivative tool is only available for data that is in the 2D Mesh module or the UGrid module. Make certain that you have your dataset included in one of these two modules. If you have your dataset in a different module, you will need to interpolate it over to a 2D mesh or UGrid (unstructured grid) before using the Computer Derivative tool.
Try out using the Compute Derivative tool in SMS 13.1 today!
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By Steve Sucato
Once they were the most populous bird in North America, accounting for a quarter of all birds. But in less than half a century, starting in the late 1800s, unabated commercial and sport hunting and habitat destruction reduced the passenger pigeon's numbers from billions to none. Their extinction inspires Passenger, a new program by fledgling company Shana Simmons Dance, staged Nov. 14 and 15 at the National Aviary.
The 40-minute modern-dance work, choreographed by Shana Simmons with original music by Ian Green, is part of Project Passenger Pigeon, a nationwide initiative founded by Chicago native Joel Greenberg. Passenger is part of the Pittsburgh chapter of the organization's local programming (lecture, movie, art exhibit) surrounding the centennial of the death of Martha, the last known passenger pigeon. Martha died in 1914, at the Cincinnati Zoological Gardens.
"It is about extinction," says Simmons. "The piece takes you on a journey of this morphing between bird and human."
Simmons, a 2003 Point Park graduate, has a master's degree in choreography from London's Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. She has performed with dance companies in New York, London and Pittsburgh.
Passenger will take place in the atrium of the Aviary. (Seating is limited.) Its three sections begin with its five dancers displaying birdlike behavior. As the work progresses, comparisons between avian and human behavior will illustrate our natural link to other species. Simmons hopes to have audience members contemplating how humans have affected the environment, and thus the survival of birds and other species. The production also features a live performance by opera singer Anna Singer, who will perform Rachmaninoff's "Vocalize."
Following the main performance, the "free-fly zone" areas of the Aviary will be opened for another 30 minutes for audience members to tour the facility and observe its birds. There will also be impromptu mini-performances by the dancers, who will move about those spaces.
"The underlying goal is to promote awareness in one area," says Simmons. "That will hopefully lead to a discussion about extinction in a broader sense."
Shana Simmons Dance performs Passenger; 8 p.m., Fri., Nov. 14, and 8 p.m. Sat., Nov. 15; National Aviary, 700 Arch St., North Side; $15-35. passenger.brownpapertickets.com
This article originally appeared in Pittsburgh City Paper on November 12, 2014. Copyright Steve Sucato.


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What is the creed of The United Methodist Church?
The Social Creed was originally adopted by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1908. "The Methodist Social Creed originated...to express Methodism's outrage over the lives of the millions of workers in factories, mines, mills, tenements and company towns....The Methodist Federation for Social Service immediately took up the challenge of getting the 1908 General Conference to address the social crisis. The key strategy was to secure adoption of a statement on "The Church and Social Problems. " Proponents of the Social Creed came up with a "list of 11 social reforms the group believed the church should champion, including the abolition of child labor and an end to the sweatshop system." (Interpreter, April 1988)
The Social Creed was continually expanded and revised until, in 1972, it was completely redesigned and renamed the Social Principles.
The Social Creed now follows the Social Principles in the Book of Discipline.


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IN THIS ISSUE
Conservation Psychology: Using Psychological Tools to Address Environmental Challenges
What is conservation psychology? According to one definition, it is the scientific study of the reciprocal relationships between humans and the rest of nature, with the goal of encouraging conservation of the natural world. A more interesting question might be why is conservation psychology. Although this may be a more sophisticated audience that understands the need, I still get the question, "What does psychology have to do with environmental challenges?"
A simple answer: Psychology is about human behavior; human behavior has caused the environmental problems we face but will also help us to cope with them. Psychology is about human attitudes; people have strong attitudes, both positive and negative, about the environment and environmental organizations. Psychology is about human health, and human health is powerfully affected by the health of the natural environment. Environmental threats pose both direct and indirect risks to our well-being. Finally, psychology concerns human relationships. Positive social relationships are often nurtured in natural environments, but environmental threats underlie some conflictual relationships as well. Environmental changes will affect our relationships; increased temperatures may increase aggression; limits on environmental resources will foster conflict; and perceived injustice in the distribution of environmental costs will lead to international tension. For all these reasons we need to recognize that environmental conditions are fundamental to psychological phenomena, and also that psychological conditions are fundamental to environmental phenomena.
Psychologists can contribute by investigating the human causes of environmental problems, exploring the human consequences of environmental changes, and encouraging healthy responses to environmental challenges.
A description of human causes must include consideration of population levels, which have increased exponentially in the last century. Human activities would not have the impact they do if there were not so many of us. Although population is not the only determinant of environmental impact, it is a strong one. Environmental impact has been defined as a function of population, affluence, and technology. It is important to recognize that the drive to reproduce does not mean population increases can't be checked. Population growth is affected by factors including gender roles, education levels, and attitudes. Consumption is the other key component of human impact – how much of our environmental resources we deplete by what we buy and how we use it. Consumption is also affected by affluence but also by attitudes and values. Ironically, there is evidence that a materialistic orientation, in which people focus on consumption as a source of self-worth, is associated with lower subjective well-being.
Human consequences include stress, depression, and anxiety associated with environmental threats; an increase in social injustice; and a potential impact on identity when valued places are degraded. Some people will be more vulnerable to threats, while others will be better able to cope, due to both personality factors and demographic variables. Worldwide, the poor are more likely to be affected by environmental problems than are those who are better off, simply by virtue of their physical location along with a lack of resources and political power.
Responses to environmental challenges will be mediated by perceptions of those challenges. Attitudes toward global warming, for example, are strikingly inconsistent with the scientific evidence. People's perceptions are obstructed by confusion, temporal discounting, and the selective use of information. Emotional defenses are also powerful: not only the denial that results from thinking about something frightening, but also a perceived lack of urgency if it is not frightening enough, and defensiveness when people feel that their lifestyle or worldview is being challenged.
Psychologists are well-versed in behavior modification techniques, and there is a wide range of research examining the effectiveness of things like prompts, incentives, feedback, goals, and norms in promoting more sustainable behavior. All of these can be effective in some contexts.
I want to focus today on a more abstract topic whose relevance to conservation may be less apparent, and that is identity. Identities affect our responses to issues: topics that are seen as self-relevant attract more attention and arouse more emotion. We also respond differently when we share an identity with those who are affected, rather than defining them as outsiders.
Identities satisfy basic psychological needs for autonomy, esteem, and connectedness, but they also create needs: we are motivated to defend our identities and maintain them as positive sources of self-esteem. They encourage us to cooperate with similar others (those with whom we share an identity), to try to be like them, and to take action on their behalf. In order to maintain positive identities, we act in ways that present us well to others, and sometimes this can include acting "green." Prius owners, for example, said that their top reason for buying the car was because "it makes a statement about me."
If we adopt something, it becomes part of our identity and we will work to preserve it. The "Adopt-a-Highway" program has used this with great effectiveness to get people to clean up their roadsides.
If we believe that people like ourselves act to protect the environment, we are more likely to do so, and the more like us they are the stronger the influence is. This was demonstrated in the often-cited study by Goldstein, Cialdini and Griskevicius (2008), who found that people staying in a hotel were most likely to reuse their towels when they believed others who had stayed in the same room had done so.
The natural environment can be particularly relevant to identity. Research shows that people have significant emotional experiences in nature, often with close others; they report favoring natural settings for contemplation; and nature serves to fulfill needs for esteem, connectedness, and autonomy. I developed the Environmental Identity (EID) scale to assess individual differences in the extent to which nature was important to people's identity. It has good reliability and has been found to predict environmental attitudes and behaviors in a variety of countries around the world.
I want to briefly describe several projects I'm involved with that in some way try to leverage the concept of identity to encourage pro-environmental behaviors and attitudes. The first explored the relationship among environmental identity, national identity, and environmental concern. Working with Ahmet Kilinc of Ahi Evran University, I surveyed over 800 Turkish citizens and found that national identity was associated with environmental concern and behavior, but the relationship was mediated by EID. This suggests that one possible way to encourage conservation is by linking it to national pride.
In a second project, I am working with Anu Veijalainen to see whether Finnish high school students will be more interested in conservation if they have been given the opportunity to name a new species. Our hope is that naming the species will encourage the students to form an emotional bond and have a feeling of personal ownership that will translate into greater concern.
A third project is being conducted with a consortium of U.S. zoos to see whether a sense of connection to the animals provides an opportunity to motivate conservation behavior among the visitors. We know from previous research that some zoogoers feel a sense of shared identity with the animals, that social groups can create this sense of identity, and that a perception of the animals as similar, as well as a high EID, are associated with support for conservation. Our goal is to facilitate a sense of connection prompted by the zoo experience, and use it to encourage pro-environmental behavior.
This work is rich in psychological theory, but has a practical orientation. Psychologists need to be involved in conservation efforts, because the behavioral causes of our environmental problems imply behavioral solutions, and because environmental problems have psychological impacts. This work is fundamental to the mission of the American Psychological Association: "to advance the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve people's lives."


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The Evolution of Investigation and Prosecution
- Available for pre-order on April 14, 2023. Item will ship after May 5, 2023
Prices & shipping based on shipping country
For over 300 years, murderers in the United States and Canada could avoid prosecution by successfully disposing of the body of their victim. No-Body Homicides: The Evolution of Investigation and Prosecution examines how police and prosecutors have become more successful in obtaining convictions for homicide when the remains of the victim are unavailable as evidence. Based on an examination of over 600 cases in the United States and Canada, this book shows the length some killers will go to avoid punishment and the determination of police and prosecutors to bring them to justice.
No-Body Homicides provides the reader with a historical overview of prosecutions in which a killer destroyed or hid the body of the victim. It explains why prosecutions were once extremely rare, and how legal, attitudinal, and technical changes have made them more common. The book also explores how the logic of no-body homicide prosecutions differs from body-present homicides. It allows police and prosecutors to draw on the accumulated experience of hundreds of prosecutions. For criminology students, it provides fascinating insights into the process of investigating and prosecuting homicides – as well as a glimpse into the motivations and practices of killers who are so determined to avoid punishment that they remove the bodies of their victims.
No-Body Homicides will be of practical interest to police or prosecutors confronted with a missing persons case that could be sinister. It is also written to be appropriate as a supplementary text in an undergraduate criminology class or for an aficionado of "True Crime."
Table of Contents
- Introduction: Homicides and Missing Bodies
- Gone but not Dead
- Opening the Door to Prosecuting No-Body Homicides
- "Till Death Do Us Part": Intimate Partner Homicides and Body Disposal
- Missing Are the Children: Disposing the Most Vulnerable
- Societies Expendables: Sex Trade Workers and No-Body Homicides
- Killing in Volume: Serial Killers and Body Disposal
- Murder Incorporated and Its Imitators: Criminal Gangs and Body Disposal
- Mid-Live Crisis, Murder, and Body Disposal
- Deadly Synergies: Combinations Causing Homicide and Body Disposal
- Black Box Explanations and Prosecuting No-Body Homicides
- Explaining Success: Why Have No-Body Convictions Become More Common
- Bodily Secrets: Negotiating Over Disclosure of Body Locations
- "Only in Canada, Eh?": Mr. Big and No-Body Investigations
- Prosecutorial Misfires: Unsuccessful Prosecutions in No-Body Cases
- Results and Prospects for No-Body Homicide Prosecutions
- Appendix: "True Crime" Accounts of No-Body Homicides
Mark Stobbe teaches Sociology at Lakeland College in Lloydminster, Canada. He is the author of The "Mr. Big" Sting: The Cases, The Killers, the Controversial Confessions and Lessons From Remand.
"A very strong addition to a rapidly growing and evolving field of criminology: no-body murder investigations and prosecutions."
Thomas A. (Tad) DiBiase, author of No-Body Homicide Cases: A Practical Guide to Investigating, Prosecuting, and Winning Cases When the Victim Is Missing


Representation of integers: a nonclassical point of view
Bellaouar Djamel, Boudaoud Abdelmadjid
In \cite{A.Boudaoud1}, the author asked the following question: Which $n\in \mathbb{N}$ unlimited can be represented as a sum $% n=s+w_{1}w_{2}$, where $s\in \mathbb{Z}$ is a limited integer and $\omega _{1}$, $\omega _{2}$ are two unlimited positive integers? In this survey article we partially answer this question, i.e., we present some families of unlimited positive integers which can be written as the sum of a limited integer and the product of at least two unlimited positive integers.
Representation of integers, Internal set theory, Polynomial congruence
Full Text:
4. [PDF]
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Journal of Logic and Analysis ISSN: _PHONE_


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Operations Other Than War
Definition/Scope: OOTW is a concept that refers to the use of military capabilities acroos a range of operations that is short of declared war. Such operations normally have very strict rules of engagement and will include purposes such as humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, supporting the United Nations and protecting national interests.
Use:military operations other than war
Broader Terms:peace operation
Related Terms:operational tempo


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State-wide planning for rural schools – Tamil Nadu
If the click of a mouse could open up an entire range of data on a school in a remote area of India, planning would become better and funds would reach the right place.
UNICEF has been able to accomplish this in Tamil Nadu through the use of the a Geographic Information System supported by Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). It has ensured an efficient distribution of funds to schools that need toilets and drinking water facilities under the government's Total Sanitation Campaign, based on data collected systematically from the state's over 31,000 primary schools. This has helped map details of water, sanitation and hygiene education in all of the state's schools.
Started in Erode district, the project was initially expanded to cover three more districts. Soon the results prompted the state government to expand the initiative to all of its 30 districts. The plan has been shared at the national level as a model for all districts targeted by the Total Sanitation Campaign.


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Once Upon a Time in Germantown
Enlarge image Germantown's history is stepped in German culture, first settled by immigrants from the Palatinate Region in the 18th century. (© GKNY) Three hundred years ago, 2,400 Germans from the Palatinate Region of Germany sailed up the Hudson from New York City, where they had been shipped from London and Portsmouth in an fleet of 12 ships carrying pine and pitch for the Royal Navy. For the German immigrants of the Rhine River region, who were fleeing the troops of France's Louis XIV, the Hudson River was like the "father" Rhine, making them feel somehow at home in New York towns such as Rhinebeck, Rhinecliff or Germantown.
The first German settlers arrived October 2, 1710 in the "East Camp," now known as Germantown, New York. Starting October 2, 2010, Germantown celebrated this historic arrival with a history workshop attended by 300 renowned genealogists and historians from the United States and Europe, as well as a Gala Palatine Concert highlighting the world premiere of "The Palatine Cantata" for singers and orchestra by Maestro Harold Harberman, a Germantown citizen, founder and director of the Conductors Institute at Bard College.
The Concert Gala was opened by Dr. Thietmar Bachmann, Head of the Cultural Department of the Consulate General in New York, on Germany's national holiday, October 3.
The festivities will continue through the weekend of October 8 - 10. Following the celebrations focused mainly on the town's history and culture, the second weekend is geared towards families, with a wagon parade and the Palatine Oktoberfest, combined with the yearly Germantown Harvest Festival.


What does bacteriophage n4 mean?
Definitions for bacteriophage n4
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word bacteriophage n4.
U.S. National Library of Medicine
 1. Bacteriophage N4
 A species in the genus N4-like viruses, in the family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects E. coli.
Numerology
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of bacteriophage n4 in Chaldean Numerology is: 7
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of bacteriophage n4 in Pythagorean Numerology is: 7
Images & Illustrations of bacteriophage n4
 1. bacteriophage n4bacteriophage n4bacteriophage n4
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may be assigned to general administration.
FHWA's definition of Capital Outlays includes: the cost of acquiring right-of-way, preliminary and construction engineering and construction. More specifically, the definition of construction, which is driven largely by an activity's eligibility for federal-aid, includes "all expenditures for construction, relocation, resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation and reconstruction (3R/4R), widening, safety and capacity improvements, restoration of failed components, additions and betterments of roads and bridges." The 3R/4R expenditures appear to be classified as "current operations" under the Census' definition.
FHWA's A Guide to Reporting Highway Statistics states that "States may report on either a calendar or State fiscal year basis. That choice determines the due date for most FHWA forms." BEA converts fiscal years to calendar years for both State and local governments.
In summary, FHWA includes the value of land in capital outlays whereas BEA excludes it. Additionally, BEA and FHWA's treatment of construction and maintenance differ. FHWA's definition of construction, which is driven largely by an activity's eligibility for federal-aid, includes "all expenditures for construction, relocation, resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation and reconstruction (3R/4R), widening, safety and capacity improvements, restoration of failed components, additions and betterments of roads and bridges." A substantial portion of the 3R/4R expenditures are classified as "current operations" under the Census' definition (which in turn informs the BEA data). Finally, FHWA and BEA treatment of reporting periods differs.