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A Brief History of Robot Birds
Our recent post on the history of the cuckoo clock inspired some research into other examples of early, non-timekeeping robot birds. For centuries, birds–pigeons and canaries in particular–have been a popular subject for inventors and engineers experimenting with early mechanical systems and robotics. Take, for example, Bubo, the ancient clockwork owl seen in the 1981 film Clash of The Titans. Bubo was forged by Hephaestus to aid Perseus in his quest and Bubo was, of course, purely fictional. There were however, actual avian automatons in actual ancient Greece.
The earliest example dates to 350 B.C.E. when the mathematician Archytas of Tarentum, who some credit with inventing the science of mechanics, is said to have created a mechanical wooden dove capable of flapping its wings and flying up to 200 meters, powered by some sort of compressed air or internal steam engine. Archytas' invention is often cited as the first robot, and, in light of recent technological advancements, perhaps we could even consider it to be the first drone; the very first machine capable of autonomous flight. Very few details are actually known about the ancient mechanical dove, but it seems likely that it was connected to a cable and flew with the help of a pulley and counterweight. This early wind-up bird was chronicled a few hundred years later in the pages of a scientific text by a mathematician, Hero of Alexandria. - Continue reading at Smithsonian.com.
Image: Bubo the robotic owl from the 1981 film Clash of the Titans.


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ALA Health House
What is a Health House® home?
A Health House® home gives you the satisfaction of knowing that your new home has a healthy, safe, durable and energy efficient environment. The homes we build are constructed to the most stringent building standards in the U.S., which include site inspections during construction and performance testing upon completion.
What are the advantages of building a Health House® home?
- Improved air quality and a comfortable living environment
- Materials and building products that are less toxic and environmentally friendly
- Greater durability and energy efficiency
- A program that helps you make informed choices
- A better performing home requires less maintenance
- A home that retains its value over time
- A marketing tool for resale
What are the typical components of a Health House® Home?
- Foundation waterproofing and moisture control
- Advanced framing techniques
- Air sealing and advanced insulation techniques
- Energy efficient, high performance windows
- Energy efficient and sealed combustion appliances
- High efficiency air filtration
- Whole house ventilation
- Humidity control
- Carefully selected and reviewed interior finishes
Does building a Health House® Home Cost More?
The construction of a Health House home costs 3-5% more than traditional construction techniques. However, building to the Health House Guidelines can actually save you money through a reduction in your utility bills, ranging from 30-40%. Building to these Guidelines can actually increase your monthly cash flow. Because these homes are built to such strict standards, your home qualifies for energy efficient mortgage programs, which can increase your purchasing power.
Looking for a price? Get a no cost, no obligation free estimate.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Claude Nunney
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Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney
Claude Nunney VC.jpg
Born (1892-12-24)24 December 1892
Dublin, Ireland
Died 18 September 1918(1918-09-18) (aged 25)
Vis-en-Artois, France
Buried at Aubigny Communal Cemetery Extension, near Aubigny-en-Artois
Allegiance Canadian Red Ensign _PHONE_.svg Canada
Service/branch Canadian Expeditionary Force
Years of service 1915 - 1918
Rank Corporal
Unit 38th Battalion, CEF
Battles/wars World War I
Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney VC DCM MM (24 December 1892 – 18 September 1918)[1] was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Born in Dublin, Ireland, by birth he was Irish but became a Canadian citizen by naturalization.
Nunney was one of the seven Canadians to be awarded the Victoria Cross for their actions on one single day, 2 September 1918. The other six were Bellenden Hutcheson, Arthur George Knight, William Henry Metcalf, Cyrus Wesley Peck, Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young.
Early life[edit]
There has been some debate as to Nunney's origins. Whilst Nunney himself stated he was born in Dublin, Ireland, it is claimed he was actually born in Hastings, England as Stephen Sargent Claude Nunney. Also it is claimed that Nunney did not become a Canadian citizen by naturalisation, but by becoming part of a child emigration scheme known as British Home Children.
Dave Lorente (Homechildren Canada) wrote in an article on Claude:
"It is interesting to speculate how Claude Nunney would answer, were he alive today and asked to give his first names, DOB and birthplace, because for some unknown reason or reasons he knowingly or unwittingly gave false information when he joined up in World War I. Perhaps it was because, like so many other Home Children, he had lost his baptismal record and/or birth certificate.... [H]is birth certificate shows he was actually born in Hastings, England - not in Dublin as his military Attestation papers show. Nor was he Irish...and his name was not Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney as he stated but Stephen Sargent Claude Nunney' - the 'Sargent' being his mother's maiden name. His birthdate was also wrong and he came to Canada as Stephen - not Claude. All that said, none of it detracts in any way from the brave things he did during World War I when he became one of 'Canada's Magnificent Seven' and won the former Empire and Commonwealth's highest award for bravery in the ranks."
Nunney was a member of the 38th (Ottawa) Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force which is perpetuated by the Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (Duke of Edinburgh's Own). The Cameron Highlanders are a Canadian Forces Primary Reserve light infantry regiment located in the Cartier Square Drill Hall. Nunney was a private in the First World War when the following deeds took place for which he was awarded the VC:
For most conspicuous bravery during the operations against the Drocourt-Quéant Line on Sept. 1st and 2nd, 1918.
On Sept. 1st, when his battalion was in the vicinity of Vis-en-Artois, preparatory to the advance, the enemy laid down a heavy barrage and counter-attacked. Pte. Nunney, who was at this time at company headquarters, immediately on his own initiative proceeded through the barrage to the company outpost lines, going from post to post and encouraging the men by his own fearless example. The enemy were repulsed and a critical situation was saved.
During the attack on Sept. 2nd, his dash continually placed him in advance of his companions, and his fearless example undoubtedly helped greatly to carry the company forward to its objectives. When his battalion which was preparing to advance, was heavily counter-attacked by the enemy, Private Nunney on his own initiative, went forward through the barrage to the company out-post lines, going from post to post and encouraging the men by his own fearless example. - London Gazette 13 December 1918
He died aged 25, 16 days after receiving what proved to be mortal wounds and was buried at Aubigny Communal Cemetery Extension, near Aubigny-en-Artois (Grave reference number IV. B. 39).
The Medal[edit]
All of Nunney's medals (he had earlier in the war won the Military Medal and the Distinguished Conduct Medal at the Battle of Vimy Ridge), including his VC are displayed above the fireplace at Cornwall Armoury in Cornwall, Ontario.
 1. ^ "DHHVictoria Cross - First World War". Retrieved January 16, 2013.
Listed in order of publication year
External links[edit]


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If your intended audience will view your finished program on a TV, preview the program on a TV monitor as you work. Elements that appear satisfactory on a computer screen may be unacceptable when viewed on a TV because computer monitors and TV monitors display images differently. The outer edges of the image may be cropped, colors may bleed, and horizontal details may appear to flicker. However, once you are aware of a problem, it's easy to take steps to correct it.
The Safe Title and Safe Action margins in the Monitor panel designate the title's visible safe zones. These margins are displayed by default when the Monitor is in title-editing mode.
Safe zones are useful when editing for broadcast and videotape. Most consumer TV sets use a process called overscan, which cuts off a portion of the outer edges of the picture, allowing the center of the picture to be enlarged. The amount of overscan is not consistent across TVs, so to ensure that titles and important actions fit within the area that most TVs display, keep text within the safe title margins and all other important elements within the safe action margins.
If you are creating content for the web or a CD, the safe title and safe action margins do not apply to your project because the entire image is displayed in these mediums.
A. Safe title margin B. Safe action margin
You can adjust the sizes of the Title Safe area, the Action Safe area, or both (for example, to customize them for displays with less overscan).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Case Studies
Much of our work focuses on case studies in three river catchments in the Baltic Sea Region. The case studies are all of similar size (1000–2000 km2), draining directly to the Baltic Sea (Poland and Finland) or to lakes draining to the sea (Sweden).
The current status of ecosystems in the catchments will be explored, and potential eco-technologies for the catchments subject to sustainability analyses, in collaboration with local stakeholders and municipalities. The case studies differ mainly in terms of climatic and physiographic conditions, thus creating an opportunity to analyse how different eco-technologies work in different settings.
More information about our three case studies sites
1. Vantaanjoki river basin (1 680 km2)
It flows through the Helsinki metropolitan area, where there are about 1 million inhabitants, before discharging into the Baltic Sea.
Purified sewage waters from this region are discharged into the open sea area in the Gulf of Finland.
However, in the upper reaches of the river there are two towns (Riihimäki and Hyvinkää) with their own wastewater treatment plants also discharging purified wastewaters into the river.
The Vantaanjoki river basin is characterised by a variety of water resources problems like the non-point source pollution from agricultural fields and scattered settlements, as well as the point source pollution coupled with stormwater runoff from the urban areas.
2. Słupia river basin (1 623 km2)
This is a diverse coastal catchment with an expansive area of dunes stretching along the coast. Agricultural land represents 54% of the basin, while forest land represents 42%.
Urban areas constitute around 3%, of which the largest portion is taken by the city of Słupsk with 95,000 inhabitants, and two smaller towns (Bytów and Ustka).
They all have their own wastewater treatment plants discharging purified wastewaters into the Słupia river system. The Słupia catchment is one of the largest catchments on the Polish coast that includes a large city (Słupsk) and thus it offers a unique opportunity to study both the pressure from rural and urban areas on water quality, which are predominant in this part of the Baltic Sea Region.
3. Fyrisån river basin (1 982 km2)
The Fyrisån River is located in the south-eastern part of Sweden. It is a tributary of Lake Mälaren, which has its outlet through Stockholm into the Baltic Sea. The catchment area is distributed among forests (60%), agriculture (32%), wetlands (4%), lakes (2%) and urban areas (2%).
The urban area is dominated by the city of Uppsala which has a population of approximately 200 000 people. Its wastewater treatment plant discharges purified wastewater into the river. The Fyris River basin covers quite a diverse set of landscapes including actively managed forests and agricultural lands in Sweden's fourth largest city, Uppsala. The water quality status of the river has also been very well documented for a long time, making it possible to for example, trace effects of historical implementations of eco-technologies in wastewater treatment plants in the basin.


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In 2002, teenaged William Kamkwamba had a vision in the very poor African nation of Malawi: A little bicycle generator that powers a light, if connected to a windmill, could allow him to read his schoolbooks at night. As he went further with his plans, he began to see how such a windmill might actually bring the 20th century to his own village. Out this week is "The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind," a book that tells Kamkwamba's story. We talked with William Kamkwamba and Bryan Mealer, the book's co-authors.
"He didn't have washers, so he would go collect bottle caps, beer bottle caps, in front of the bar and flatten them out and put a hole through the middle. He didn't have a drill, so he would use a nail and heat it over his mom's cooking fire, that he would bore holes through this plastic... His cousin found a car battery so he was able to hook the windmill up to a car battery, charge it and then power four more bulbs which he ran through a circuit breaker system that he made out of nails and wire and a magnet that he busted out of a stereo speaker. And it worked."
—Bryan Mealer, co-author of "The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind," on how William made the windmill

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Cloud Streets in the Gulf of Mexico
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Cloud Streets in the Gulf of Mexico
October 28, 2009
"Cloud streets" are visible stretching out into the Gulf of Mexico in this image captured by the MODIS on the Aqua satellite on October 18, 2009. These clouds are really cumulous clouds, which result from thermals, or rising columns of warmed air. Thermals themselves form when the ground surface is a little warmer than its surroundings. If the thermal produces a consistent flow of warm air, and steady wind carries that air away, lines of clouds can form along the direction of the wind.
At the point where the clouds first form streets, they're very narrow and well-defined. But as they age, they lose their definition, and begin to spread out and rejoin each other into a larger cloud mass.
There is also a few active fires in the region, marked with red dots. One has a visible smoke plume. Sediment from the Mississippi River, running roughly down the center of the image, fills the Delta as it opens into the Gulf of Mexico. Mixed with the tan sediment are blue and green swirls that indicate a bloom of tiny ocean plants called phytoplankton.
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The Friends of the Rye Public Library and the Rye Historical Society worked cooperatively to secure a New Hampshire Humanities Council grant allowing for the presentation of this fascinating program. Join us as Dr. Robert Goodby, Professor of Anthropology at Franklin Pierce University, recounts his archaeological explorations of New Hampshire in search of the record of Abenaki culture.
Abenaki history has been reduced to near invisibility as the result of conquest, a conquering culture that placed little value on Indian experience, and a strategy of self-preservation that required many Abenaki to go "underground". The true Abenaki identity has been concealed for generations, but archeological evidence shows their deep presence in New Hampshire, inches below the Earth's surface!
Dr. Robert Goodby, Ph.D. Anthropology, Associate Professor of Anthropology at Franklin Pierce University, New Hampshire, is our guide on this historic journey. A veteran of archaeological field research in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, and author of more than 50 technical reports on New England prehistoric archaeology, Goodby is well prepared for this task. Goodby is also director of the Monadnock Archaeological Project, a long-term program of archaeological field research focusing on the prehistory of the upper Contoocook and Connecticut River valleys of southwestern New Hampshire.


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Strong, well-written contracts are important for influencers to protect their rights and establish the terms of their collaborations. Specific contract provisions may vary depending on each influencer's work, but there are some key provisions that are important to be aware of. In this blog, we will discuss the most important contract provisions that influencers should pay attention to and include in their contracts.
- Scope of work: A provision outlining the scope of the influencer's services, specifically the type and frequency of the content to be created, platforms to be used, and milestones or deliverables, is important so that influencers know the boundaries of their content and what is expected of them.
- Compensation and payment: The compensation provision is a key provision for influencers to be aware of because it lays out the terms for how they will be paid. This provision should state whether the influencer will be paid a flat fee, commission, or combination of the two, the payment date, method of payment, and any interest or late payment penalties. Influencers should always include this provision in their contracts to ensure they will get paid for their work.
- Exclusivity and conflicts of interest: This provision discusses whether the influencer must only work exclusively with the brand in the contract for the duration of the agreement, or if the influencer can still work with other brands. Any restrictions on collaborations with competitors or similar brands should be noted here. Influencers are smart to include this provision in their contracts to avoid potential disagreements and understand the limits on what they can and cannot do.
- Intellectual property rights: This provision protects the influencer's content by defining who owns the created content and who has the right to use it, including repurposing, modifying, or licensing content. Influencers should keep an eye out for these provisions to ensure they do not unknowingly sign away their rights to their content.
- Term and termination: The duration of the contract should be specified to avoid any misunderstandings arising later and ensure the influencer knows how long these rights and responsibilities last. Additionally, any grounds for termination, notice periods, or process for termination by either party should be specified.
- Confidentiality and non-disclosure: A provision protecting confidential information shared between the influencer and the brand is important to protect the influencer's sensitive data. When implementing this provision into your contract, it is wise to define how long the confidentiality obligations last.
- Disclosure and compliance: Influencers must be careful to comply with laws and regulations, including disclosing sponsored content, following FTC guidelines, and honoring copyright and trademark laws. These provisions are important for influencers to understand their responsibilities under the contract.
- Indemnification and liability: This provision establishes which party will be held accountable for any claims, damages, or losses arising from the collaboration.
- Dispute resolution: By choosing a preferred method of resolving potential disputes, the parties can establish a fair approach to resolving possible future conflicts. In your contract, you can specify a preference for arbitration, mediation, or negotiation, and the jurisdiction or governing law to be applied.
Contact Venustas Law to review and/or negotiate your contracts!


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Technical science and innovation
Abstract
The lithological-facies factor is considered with the aim of studying the natural and geological conditions in which hydrogen sulfide waters are formed in gas and oil fields in the artesian basins of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The distribution of hydrogen sulfide waters is closely related to the areas of joint development of halogen rocks and oil and gas complexes. Since the term "paragenesis" refers to the joint finding of minerals or chemical elements genetically related, this map is a map of the paragenesis of hydrogen sulfide waters with evaporites and oil and gas complexes. In the absence of one of the necessary conditions (sulfates or petroleum organics), hydrogen sulfide waters of high concentration are not formed. Hydrogen sulfide waters in the identified anticlinal structures are formed due to the presence of insignificant gas and oil deposits, which are not of industrial importance
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References
 1. Carbajo J. M., Maraver F., 2015. Hydrogen sulfide and health. New insights. Proceedings of the IV Congreso Iberoamericano de Peloides (IV CIBAP BOI '15), Caldes de Boi, Spain. 93-105. [Google Scholar].
 2. Carbajo J. M. Evaluación de los cambios en la piel tras la aplicación de cosméticos elaborados a partir del sedimento de las aguas minero-medicinales Lanjarón-Capuchina mediante métodos de bioingenieria cutánea [Ph.D. thesis] Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 2014. [Google Scholar]
 3. Ivanov V.V., 1977. Sulphide waters of the USSR. Moscow: 1st printing house of Profizdat., 229 p.
 4. Plotnikova G.N. Hydrogen sulfide waters of the USSR. - M .: Nedra, 1981. -132 p.
 5. Rivman A.I. Sulfide waters of the Afghan-Tajik and Fergana artesian basins of Central Asia / / Tr. TsNIIKiF. -M., 1977.-T.XXXIV. – p. 143.
 6. Juraev M.R., 2016. Clarification of geostructural and hydrodynamic factors during the formation of hydrogen sulfide waters in the Surkhandarya megasyncline. Exploration and protection of mineral resources, 4: 37-43.
 7. Yunjiao Fu, Wolfgang van Berk, Hans-Martin Schulz, 2016. Hydrogen sulfide formation, fate, and behavior in anhydrite-sealed carbonate gas reservoirs: A three-dimensional reactive mass transport modeling approach. AAPG Bulletin, 100 (5) 843-865.
 8. Zhuraev M.R., Bakiyev S.A., Tursunmetov R.A. The characteristic hydrogeochemical situation of hydrogen sulfide-containing oil and gas fields on the southern side of the Fergana depression // New ideas in earth sciences: T. XII / Intern. scientific-practical conf. - M .: Russian State Geological and Exploration University, 2015. - P. 328-329.
 9. Germanov A.I. Oxygen of groundwater and its geological significance // News of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Ser. Geology. - 1955. - Issue 6. - pp. 70-81.
 10. Zhuraev M.R., Bakiyev S.A., Nagevich P.P., Kulichkina M.A. The main groups of hydrogen sulfide waters, their chemical composition and genesis in the oil fields of the Fergana depression // Bulletin of Voronezh State University. Geology. -2015. - Vol. 2. - p.109-116.
 11. Juraev M.R., Juraev R.E., 2014. Justification of promising areas of hydrogen sulfide water in developed oil fields (on the example of the Chimion structure). Exploration and protection of mineral resources, 10: 52-57.
 12. Juraev M.R., 2014a. Identification of the prospective area of distribution of sulfide waters in the Palvantash oil and gas field. Bulletin of the Perm University. Ser. Geology, 1 (22): 25-33.
 13. Juraev M.R., 2014b. Distribution of hydrogen sulfide waters over the area of the North Sokh oil and gas field. Bulletin of the Voronezh State University. Ser. Geology, 2: 133-140.
 14. Umurzakov R.A., Zhuraev M.R., Yusupov R.Y., 2019. Stady of the conditions of formation and forecast of the perspective areas of hydrogen-sulfide water of Surkhandarya depression. Open Journal of Geology, 09. -04.
 15. Zhuraev M.R., 2019. Refinement of lithological factors during formation of hydrogen-sulfide water in the Bukhara-Khiva basin. International Journal of Geology, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 9 (1) January-April: 37-44.
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The de Havilland DH 82 Tiger Moth is a 1930s biplane designed by Geoffrey de Havilland and was operated by the Royal Air Force and others as a primary trainer. The Tiger Moth remained in service with the RAF until 1952 when many of the surplus aircraft entered civil operation. Many other nations used the Tiger Moth both in military and civil applications and the ubiquitous little trainer is still in great demand worldwide as a recreational aircraft. It is still occasionally used as a primary training aircraft, although now most Tiger Moths employed in training duties are used by pilots gaining experience for 'taildragger' license ratings.
From the outset, the Tiger Moth proved to be an ideal trainer, simple and cheap to own and maintain, although control movements required a positive and sure hand as there was a slowness to control inputs. Some instructors preferred these flight characteristics because of the effect of "weeding" out the inept student pilot.
The RAF ordered 35 dual-control Tiger Moth Is which had the company designation DH 60T. A subsequent order was placed for 50 aircraft powered by the de Havilland Gipsy Major I engine (130 hp) which was the DH 82A or to the RAF Tiger Moth II. The Tiger Moth entered service at the RAF Central Flying School in February 1932. By the start of the Second World War, the RAF had 500 of the aircraft in service and large numbers of civilian Tiger Moths were impressed to meet the demand for trainers.
During a British production run of over 7,000 Tiger Moths, a total of 4,005 Tiger Moth IIs were built during the war specifically for the RAF, nearly half being built by the Morris Motor Company at Cowley, Oxford.
The Tiger Moth became the foremost primary trainer throughout the Commonwealth and elsewhere. It was the principal type used in the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan where thousands of military pilots got their first taste of flight in this robust little machine. The RAF found the Tiger Moth's handling ideal for training future fighter pilots. Whilst generally docile and forgiving in the normal flight phases encountered during initial training, when used for aerobatic and formation training the Tiger Moth required definite skill and concentration to perform well- a botched maneuver could easily cause the aircraft to stall or spin.
A number of modified Tiger Moths were developed for special roles. A radio-controlled target tug version of the Tiger Moth II called the DH.82B Queen Bee was built with nearly 300 in service at the start of World War II. The Fleet Air Arm operated small numbers of the Tiger Moth II, and the Queen Bee. In the aftermath of Britain's disastrous campaign in France, in August 1940, three proposals involved beach defence systems; 350 Tiger Moths were fitted with bomb racks to serve as light bombers. A more radical conversion involved the "paraslasher," a scythe-like blade fitted to a Tiger Moth and intended to cut parachutist's canopies as they descended to earth. Flight tests proved the idea, but it was not officially adopted. The Tiger Moth was also tested as a "human crop sprayer" intended to dispense "Paris Green" poisonous insecticide from powder dispensers located under the wings.
In Canada, de Havilland manufactured 1,523 of the DH 82C, which had a 145 hp D.H. Gipsy Major 1C engine and other modifications including a tail wheel replacing the original tail skid, a stronger undercarriage with wheels set farther forward and enclosed cockpit with a sliding canopy necessitated by the cold northern climate. The de Havilland Canada operation also supplied 200 Tiger Moths to the USAAF, which designated them the PT-24. A further 151 were built in Norway, Sweden and Portugal while 2,949 Tiger Moths were built by other countries of the British Commonwealth.
In postwar use, surplus Tiger Moths were made available for sale to flying clubs and individuals. They proved to be inexpensive to operate and found enthusiastic reception in the civil market, taking on new roles including aerial advertiser, aerial ambulance, aerobatic performer, crop duster and glider tug. They were often compared with the Stampe SV4 famous aerobatic aircraft.
After the invention of aerial topdressing in New Zealand, large numbers of ex-Royal New Zealand Air Force Tiger Moths built in that country were converted into agricultural aircraft. The front seat was replaced with a hopper to hold superphosphate for aerial topdressing. From the mid 1950s, these topdressers were replaced by more modern types such as the PAC Fletcher, and a large number of New Zealand Tiger Moths in good flying condition then passed to enthusiasts.
Royal Navy Tiger Moths utilised as target tugs and "air experience" machines became the last military aircraft when the service purchased a batch of refurbished examples in 1956.
Numerous examples of the Tiger Moth are still flying today (an estimated 250). The number of airworthy Tiger Moths has increased as previously neglected aircraft (or those previously only used for static display in museums) have been restored. A number of aircraft have been preserved as museum displays (amongst others) at the:
My Proud Association with City's Transport Heritage; THAT REMINDS ME: THE REGULAR FEATURE THAT GIVES YOU THE CHANCE TO CATCH UP WITH YOUR PAST
Jun 06, 2005; READER Barry Greener, of Green Lane, sent in these pictures linked with Coventry's transport past. Here are some of his memories...


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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
Southern Idaho Infrastruture Development Map
Proposed energy and electrical transmission development in Idaho may affect or be affected by a number of resource values of concern: wildlife habitat, viewsheds, military training areas, wilderness and others.
In 2009, the BLM developed the Southern Idaho Infrastructure Development Map ("Conflict Map") to display general areas of greater or lesser potential conflict with infrastructure development, based on a selected resource concerns and assumptions. Additional information can be found in the Overview and Assumptions documents via the links below.
Two versions of the map are available below in PDF. One displays BLM lands in Idaho only. The second shows all land ownerships and provides important context, since many resource issues cross ownership boundaries. The "all lands" version of the map is for context only and does not imply endorsement by other agencies or entities.
Geographic Information System raster data for the Conflict Map are available for download at _URL_. At the home page, navigate to "GEODATA" and select "Browse Data." At the "Title Keywords(s)" search window, enter the word "Conflict" and select "Go."


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Behaviour of Construction Output in Kenya
An ARIMA Model
In a recent investigation of ways to enhance the role of the construction industry in the economy of Kenya, methods of modeling the construction activity were explored. This is because there remains a problem in the construction industry failing to meet the demand for constructed facilities in the country at the macrolevel. In the exploration, it was noted that ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) models have widely been used in modeling the construction industry – either as a whole or the different sectors of the industry - around the world. This modeling approach which is also popularly known as the Box-Jenkins approach was adopted in this study. This paper is a report of the study. Construction output data collected and analyzed in this paper was obtained from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) for the period between 1977 and 2019 – 43 years. The developed ARIMA model was evaluated on its predictive power on the basis of an out-of-sample forecast. The study adopted two measures of accuracy - MAPE, and RMSE - which produced fairly good results. Therefore, the model can be used for forecasting construction output in Kenya. Finally, it is recommended that the model be applied in setting construction production targets at the macro-level and guiding policy formulation to stimulate higher performance of the construction industry in Kenya.


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None of the Above
Q. I work at a major children's book publisher and have recently noticed a trend in creating books without any blanks at the end of the book. I would like to know if there is a rule on how many back-of-book blank pages are permissible in standard works of fiction (young-adult and middle-grade novels). At various adult publishers, I was taught that up to six pages is acceptable and that having at least a couple of blanks is actually preferable in order to allow for potential changes and additions during pass stages. But I can't seem to find anything online or in CMS to support that. Thanks in advance for any light you can shed on this.
A. In conventional offset printing, large sheets of paper are folded into "signatures" of usually 16 or 32 pages (sometimes 8, or even 48) that are bound together and trimmed to make a book. For this reason, books have a page count that is a multiple of at least 8, and usually 16. Children's picture books have long been paged at 24, 32, 48, or 64 pages. Middle-grade books page out at larger multiples. Having blank pages in a book isn't a goal; it is simply unavoidable if the text and illustrations can't fill all the available space. And since it's expensive to tear out extra pages by hand, publishers turn a blind eye to the blanks. Digital printing doesn't involve these large sheets of paper, so if you are seeing a lot of self-published or print-on-demand books, they probably won't have any leftover pages.


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Influence of organic sources of nutrients on vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) as an intercrop in coconut garden
Performance of vanilla, as influenced by organic source of nutrition when grown as intercrop in coconut garden, was studied in sandy loam soil at ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala for seven years. Field experiments were carried out with different sources of organic manures, recommended NPK fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments. Application of cow dung slurry (6 tonnes ha-1) resulted in vigorous growth of vine (vine length of 5.5 m) and higher number of beans per vine (208) and a significantly higher mean fresh yield of bean (1.87 kg vine-1). Application of vermicompost (5 kg plant-1) + biofertilizers (Bacillus and Azospirillum) and vermiwash were on par and recorded mean fresh yield of 1.47 kg vine-1 and 1.30 kg vine-1, respectively. Control treatment without fertilizer application recorded significantly lower fresh bean yield (0.55 kg vine-1) due to lower number of beans per vine (72 nos.).Â In the rhizosphere of vanilla, no significant difference for either bacterial or actinomycetes population was noticed among the treatments. The fungal population differed significantly among the treatments and the highest population level was found with application of biogas slurry (62.1x103cfu g-1 soil), which was on par with application of cow dung slurry (59x103 cfu g-1 soil). Among the function specific microbial communities, the highest population ofÂ P-solubilisers (98x103 cfu g-1 soil) was recorded in the biogas slurry treatment, and it was the lowest in control and vermiwash application treatments. The average coconut yield realized during experimental period(2004-05 to 2009-10) was 136 nuts per palm, recording 53 per cent increase in yield compared to pre-experimental yield (89 nuts per palm).Â
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


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- Will Wisteria ruin a fence?
- How do I get my wisteria to flower?
- Are wisteria roots invasive?
- Can you grow wisteria in a container?
- What happens if a dog eats wisteria?
- How do you grow wisteria on a wall?
- Do Wisteria lose their leaves in winter?
- What is the best trellis for wisteria?
- Where is the best place to plant a wisteria?
- Is Wisteria bad for houses?
- Is Wisteria poisonous to touch?
- Does Wisteria stick to walls?
- What is the best fertilizer for wisteria?
- Does wisteria need a trellis?
- Is Wisteria poisonous to dogs?
Will Wisteria ruin a fence?
Wisterias (Wisteria synensis) are known for their clusters of pastel flowers, but the weight of their vines demands a serious support structure.
Hardy in U.S.
Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 8, wisterias can damage fences, trees and even elements such as rain gutters..
How do I get my wisteria to flower?
Wisterias benefit from good soil. When young, they're surprisingly thirsty and need regular watering during their first summer. And although they fix their own nitrogen, an occasional feed with high-potash fertilizer will help to coax young plants into precocious bloom.
Are wisteria roots invasive?
Yes, the root system of a wisteria is very aggressive. Since the wisteria root system is so large and powerful, you should avoid planting wisteria near walls or pathways. The root system of a wisteria can easily damage these.
Can you grow wisteria in a container?
Wisterias can be grown in containers but they will never be as successful as those planted in the garden. Ideally, only plant wisteria in a pot if you're training the plant as a standard tree. Choose the largest container you can find and use a good tree and shrub compost.
What happens if a dog eats wisteria?
When your dog chews wisteria seeds or pods, ingested lectins move from the stomach into the bloodstream, where they clot red blood cells. Nibbling any part of a wisteria vine also exposes your dog to the toxic glycoside wistarin. Swallowing it gives him a severe stomach ache with possible nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
How do you grow wisteria on a wall?
On walls. The ideal way to grow wisteria against a wall is to train it as an espalier, with horizontal support wires (3mm galvanised steel) set 30cm (1ft) apart. Over time, and with pruning twice a year, plants will build up a strong spur system.
Do Wisteria lose their leaves in winter?
Although Wisteria are rarely subject to diseases, leaves frequently turn yellow. If this happens in fall, don't worry, it is normal because Wisteria lose their leaves in winter.
What is the best trellis for wisteria?
To grow a wisteria up an arbor or pergola, make sure that the structure's support posts are at least 4 by 4 inches. The main stem can be twined around a post or grown straight against it; keep the stem firmly attached with heavy-duty garden twine until it has grown over the top of the structure and is attached there.
Where is the best place to plant a wisteria?
Plant wisterias in full sun or partial shade, but make sure the vines receive at least six hours of direct sun daily to encourage good flower development. Also choose a sheltered planting location if you live in a colder climate, since the flower buds can be damaged by a hard spring frost.
Is Wisteria bad for houses?
Wisteria (below) will only grow where there is soil. It will not, therefore, stray under the house – not least because there is a solid barrier, in the form of the building's footings, in its way.
Is Wisteria poisonous to touch?
The tempting beauty of wisteria is alluring but do you know that it is a mildly poisonous plant, mainly for cats and dogs. Every part of it is poisonous, especially seeds.
Does Wisteria stick to walls?
Wisteria does well when trained. The ideal way to grow wisterias against a wall is to train them as an espalier, with horizontal support wires (3mm galvanised steel) set 45cm (18″) apart. Alternatively, you can train them onto a sturdy pergola, or even onto a tree. … Plant your wisteria in autumn or spring.
What is the best fertilizer for wisteria?
For best results, feed wisteria plants every spring. You can use Miracle-Gro Growmore Garden Plant Food or Miracle-Gro® Fish, Blood & Bone All Purpose Plant Food, but a rose or flowering shrub feed will generally give better results. In very well-drained soil, also feed with sulphate of potash in summer.
Does wisteria need a trellis?
Wisterias flower best in full sun so choose a south- or west-facing wall or pergola. … You will need to provide support in the form of wires or trellis against a wall, or garden structures like pergola or arch. Wisteria can also be trained up a tree or grown up a support to form a standard.
Is Wisteria poisonous to dogs?
While these climbing growers are useful for sprucing up your landscaping and vertical space, they can also be toxic to dogs and cats, particularly since wisteria contains poisonous seeds and pods.


Rhino 3D Tutorial
How to use the 3dRudder within Rhino3D
This tutorial explains step by step the movements that will allow you to navigate your 3D models in Rhino3D using the 3dRudder, and gives you tips to optimize your navigation.
The 3dRudder is a precise device that registers angles and pressure measures and whose settings can be adjusted to your own personal use.
Also note that the 3dRudder can be used in 3D views (perspective) as well as in orthographic views.
1. Check you're ready to start
First of all, make sure the 3dRudder CAD plugin is installed on your computer, and that the 3dRudder control panel appears in Rhino3D.
You haven't installed the plugin yet? Click on the following link to access the plugin installation guide.

Plug the 3dRudder's USB cable to your computer.
illustration-step02-a
The 3dRudder will beep several times as shown below, meaning it's been perfectly identified by your computer.
illustration-step-2_white_en-1
Sit down and make yourself comfortable. In order to make the best use of your 3dRudder we recommend you follow the indication as shown below.
illustration-step-4_white_en
Put your feet on the 3dRudder and, once you've found your own comfortable position, stay still for half a second until you hear a short beep (calibration).
illustration-step-3_white_en
Good to know
The 3dRudder will take this position into account as your Neutral Position, meaning as long as you maintain this position or return to this position, no movement will be triggered into Rhino. There's a zone of tolerance around this position called Dead Zone.
2. Dolly (forward/backward)
By tilting the 3dRudder slightly forward or backward, you'll trigger a Dolly.
The more you tilt, the quicker you move.
Fichier_Mouv_Base_DOLLY2
The Dolly is a translation movement of the « camera » towards the point of interest, also called target.
Dolly_lock
3. Horizontal Orbit
Rotate the 3dRudder around its vertical axis, to the left or the right, to trigger the Horizontal Orbit.
Speed of movement is progressive and depends on your angle of rotation.
To stop the movement, return to your neutral position.
Fichier_Mouv_Base_HORIZ-ORBIT
By default, a rotation to the left will make the camera move in a circular manner from right to left, making the observer feels like moving around the target.
Orbit_Horiz_lock
Tip:
Tick the Invert box to switch from a mode into which you turn around the object to a mode where it looks like the object rotates on itself. This functionality will prove useful to the designers working on single objects of small dimension.
Fichier_Tip_Invert_orbit
4. Pan (horizontal translation)
Tilt the 3dRudder sideways to the left or the right to trigger a Pan.
Again, the movement is progressive and proportional to the angle.
Fichier_Mouv_Base_PAN-1
The pan is a simultaneous translation of the observer and the target.
Pan_Horiz
5. Vertical Orbit or Vertical Pan
Exert an opposite pressure with the toes of one foot the heel of your other foot to trigger a vertical orbit.
1 – toes of left foot / heel of right foot = Up
2 – toes of right foot / heel of left foot = Down
Again the movement is progressive and proportional to the level of pressure.
Fichier_Mouv_Base_UPDOWN
The Vertical orbit is a vertical rotation of the observer around the target.
UpD_OrbitVertical_lock
Tip:
Hold down the left Shift key at any moment to switch from a Vertical orbit to a Vertical pan. Go back to the Vertical orbit by releasing the key.
UpD_PanVertical
Tip:
Tick the Toggle box of the Vertical orbit section to invert the command by default. By doing so, Vertical pan becomes the regular command and Vertical orbit, the option.
Fichier_Tip_toggle_Shift
Tip:
Tick the Invert box to reverse the up/down command associated with your feet.
Eg. Toes of left foot / heel of right foot will trigger a Down instead of an Up movement.
Fichier_Tip_Invert_Orbit-Vert
6. Setting options
Dead zone
The Dead Zone represents a window of inclination angles (illustrated in orange) that trigger no movement into Rhino. The span of this window can be adjusted, to allow you find your best stability zone.
Fichier_Dead_Zone

The slider is where you can adjust your Dead Zone independently for each axis.
You can also type in a numeric value comprised between 0 and 99% directly into the cell. This value will be saved for your next session.
Fichier_Panel_Dead_Zone
Speed
The slider offers the possibility to adjust the speed for each axis independently, meaning a given angle can trigger a slower or quicker speed according to the value you enter.
You can also type in a numeric value comprised between 0 and 99% directly into the cell. This value will be saved for your next session.
Fichier_Panel_Speed
Freeze / Unfreeze
Clicking on the Freeze button deactivate your 3dRudder (Frozen).
Clicking anew on the button will re-activate your 3dRudder (In Use) and the position of your feet on the device at this moment becomes your new neutral position.
Tip:
using the Freeze command proves really helpful to modify your neutral position at any moment.
You can also trigger the Freeze control by typing "3drudderfreeze" in the command bar of Rhino3D.
Fichier_Panel_Freeze


text:
Date of Award
Honors Bachelor of Arts
Dr. Stacey Dunn and Dr. Serina Al Haddad
Dr. John Houston
Professor Tres Loch
This study aims to understand the industry potential of the mental health mobile tool market and articulate how it intersects with consumer attitudes to determine the viability of digital tools in the mental health space. Themes regarding the prevalence of mental health concerns, the role of technology, and the ethics of integrating technology into mental healthcare can be found throughout the study. Market research was conducted to understand the industry in terms of the Porter's Five Forces framework, recognizing low supplier power, a medium threat of new entry, and a high threat of substitution, competitive rivalry, and buyer power. A survey was conducted to assess consumer attitudes towards digital tools for mental health, which play a significant role in determining the industry's potential to compete with substitutes, gain buyer interest, and stand out against rivals. Utilizing a taxonomy to analyze qualitative results from 201 participants illustrates that key concerns of consumers include privacy, human complexity, validity and danger, and that consumers are most optimistic about the increased accessibility, gained assurance, and ease that digital tools provide. Statistical analyses testing correlations and differences in groups emphasize the importance of recognizing a target audience, tailoring to underrepresented groups, and recognizing the vulnerability of the population at hand when creating a viable mental health mobile tool.
Bejerano, Dar, "Business and Psychological Aspects of Viable Mental Health Digital Tools" (2023). Honors Program Theses. 199.
Available for download on Sunday, May 12, 2024


How come there's create() and create_new()?
asked 2014-11-25 09:58:57 -0500
kate_r gravatar image
I'm somewhat confused about the naming scheme for instance creation. In ThreadManager, create() raises NotImplementedError whereas there's a method create_new() which creates a new thread. In TagManager, there's create() but no create_new(). So what are the intended differences between create() and create_new()?
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text:
Extract from Onna's article "Emoji in eDiscovery: What Legal Professionals Need to Know"
That pondering face. The nauseated face. The laugh so hard you're crying emoji. While emoji are not a new phenomenon, the rise in distanced collaboration has brought these tiny expressions to a usage all-time high as they provide a new means to communicate and build rapport online. One study even found that three out of four people prefer to send an emoji instead of words when dashing off a quick response. However, emoji usage isn't the only thing on the rise.
We're beginning to see an exponential increase in emoji as evidence in court cases. Not only is the need to discover emoji data presenting itself, but courts are increasingly requiring litigants to produce a greater variety of ESI far beyond the emoji — like private channel Slack messages and Zoom meeting recordings. But when it comes to emoji in eDiscovery, capturing this type of data presents unique interpretive and technical challenges every legal professional should be aware of.
The Interpretive Challenges of Emoji Ambiguity
Unlike spoken and written communication, drawing meaningful interpretations from emoji remains a challenge. It may not always be clear what a sender is attempting to communicate with their use of emoji, leaving the message open to interpretation by the recipient and in some cases — by the courts.


text:
Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project in Bangladesh: Sharing Knowledge on Community-Driven Development
Asian Development Bank | May 2016
The Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project in Bangladesh became the first initiative to successfully incorporate beneficiary participation into all aspects of managing large-scale irrigation systems. This booklet describes how applying community-driven development principles to managing the water resource can both expand livelihood opportunities available to beneficiaries at no additional cost to the project, and can bridge what historically has been a gap between project beneficiaries and project implementation agencies. As a result of directly involving project beneficiaries, the project achieved significant gains in the efficiency and sustainability of flood control, drainage, and irrigation infrastructure development initiatives.
CitationAsian Development Bank. 2016. Southwest Area Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management Project in Bangladesh: Sharing Knowledge on Community-Driven Development. © Asian Development Bank. _URL_ License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Public Sector Projects
Irrigation Water Management
Delegation of powers
Integrated water developmentShow allCollapse


Fluoride Action Network
Sixty-four forty-day old male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups of thirty-two each. With one group untreated as controls, the other group was administered 150 mg NaF/L (68 ppm F–) in their drinking water to assess the effects of high fluoride on sperm quality and testicular histology at different developmental stages. In contrast to the control group, the F-treated rats exhibited a decline in sperm viability and a significant increase of sperm abnormalities 50, 80, 100, and 120 days after administration of sodium fluoride. Sperm density declined markedly at day 80 and day 120. The number of seminiferous epithelium cell layers (NSECL), the thickness of the seminiferous tubule (TST), and the diameter of the seminiferous tubule (DST) in the testis all decreased at day 50, 100, and 120. In short, the semen quality was impaired by fluoride in the drinking water, and the histological changes in the seminiferous epithelium of testicular tissues may be responsible for the diminished sperm quality in male rats.


text:
As summer ends and your child gets ready to go back to Fremont Elementary School, you probably have a lot to do to prepare. If your child wears hearing aids, consider taking these extra steps to ensure they are set to have a successful new year.
Talk to Your Child's Teachers About Hearing Loss
If you are able to, talking to your child's teachers, school staff, and/or coaches before the start of the school year can be incredibly helpful. Doing so can give you the opportunity to:
- Discuss your child's specific hearing loss needs.
- Work with their teacher to figure out how to maximize your child's ability to hear well in the classroom, such as making sure they get a seat up in the front of the class.
- Show them how your child's specific hearing aid model works. Especially if your child is younger, it can be helpful for school staff to know how to troubleshoot the device or change batteries if needed.
- Keep an open line of communication between you and their teachers throughout the school year.
Communication with your child's teachers can be especially important since observational studies have shown that many children with hearing loss don't wear their hearing aids when they are in class and that their parents are often unaware of this.
Make Sure They Have All Their Hearing Aid Supplies
It's important for children who wear their hearing aids in class to have all the accessories and supplies necessary to keep their device safe and working throughout the day. Some things you should consider making sure they have with them include:
- Extra batteries
- A soft dry cloth or hearing aid cleaning kit
- Adhesives or clips to keep hearing aids from falling off and getting damaged
- Hearing aid sleeves for gym class or practice to protect their device from moisture
- Fabric softener sheets to limit built-up static electricity
- A notecard with troubleshooting directions in case their hearing aid stops working
- A hard-shell storage kit to keep all these accessories safe and in one place
If your child has hearing loss, making sure they wear their hearing aids correctly and consistently is one of the best ways to help them succeed academically and connect with their peers.
If you have concerns about your child's hearing and would like to speak with an expert or schedule an appointment, call Advantage ENT & Audiology today.


Commons:Naming categories
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Jump to: navigation, search
This project page in other languages:
English | 日本語 | +/−
This page provides guidelines to choose a correct name for a Commons category page. You have to make such choice:
 1. when you create a new category page to categorize media related to a new subject in Commons;
 2. when there are several duplicate categories about the same subject, and you want to choose the correct category to gather media files and subpages in a single category page;
 3. when there is one or several duplicate category(ies) about a given subject, but no correct category name(s), and you want to create a new category page about an existing subject.
Category names should generally be in English (see Commons:Language policy). However there are exceptions:
 - Proper names of individual people, places, buildings, organizations etc. and other specific names of local phenomena, should in general use the name most frequently used in English-language literature. For subjects of only local relevance, proper names in the original language are used generally. However, consensus for global policy isn't achieved yet, so observe current practices and see related discussion pages.
 - Modern personal names are generally not translated
 - Place names widespread in English form are used so (usually countries, capitals, continents, oceans and seas, biggest mountains and mountain ranges and other most known places). Place names of local relevancy (smaller cities, towns, villages, streets, squares, natural feautures) are generally not translated. In some types of names (churches, train stations) the naming usage varies by country. Generally, if the English form of the name is commonly used in English-language texts as stand-alone (not together with the local name as its explanation) and is usually used in English-language maps, it should be used also as the category name.
 - Names of organizations are translated only in some cases. Organization of international relevancy are generally named in English. Abbreviated and acronymic names are generally not translated if the English form is not established. Proper names compound only from common nouns are sometimes translated, sometimes not translated (dependently of their type, relevancy and common and local conventions).
 - For biological taxa, the scientific Latin names should be used (see Commons:WikiProject Tree of Life). However, foods and products derived from biological sources should still use English names, for example, Category:Apples.
 - For some themes, there exists no identical or usable English term, for example Umgebinde, Studentenverbindungen, Légion d'Honneur, Hórreos, Saltimbocca, Vierschaar, Bar mleczny, Smörgåsbord
Original names from non-Latin writing systems are transcribed.
Sadly, We still lack internationalization for category names, but this issue should be resolved with appropriate changes to the MediaWiki software (see bugzilla:29928). Creating intermingled category structures in different languages would only make things worse. Planned connection to Wikidata items seems to be a way to solution.
However, the practical details of this policy are a serious difficulty, so we must bring out some basic principles in order to implement this policy.
Category names use Latin alphabet. Non-English category names from non-Latin writing systems are transcribed to English spelling of Latin alphabet. Names in Latin-derived alphabets are used in original form, including diacritics and additional letter forms. Non-Latin letters are used rarely in some special cases (as symbols, marks etc.).
Grammatical number
Category names that refer to type of objects or group of people should generally be in plural form: Category:Tools, Category:Artists, Category:Lakes, Category:Cephalochordata etc, as opposed to category referring to general theme (Category:History, Category:Weather, Category:Music) or to particular individual object (a person, an organization, a building, a monument, an artwork, an one-shot event etc.).
The Commons categories are an organization system for media files in Wikimedia Commons. The destination of these files is the illustration (act of clarifying or explaining) of Wikipedia articles. So, categories are for Wikimedia Commons what articles are for any Wikipedia. As a result, Commons rules regarding the naming of categories will differ from the matching Wikipedia rules:
 - Names of Commons categories should be optimized for readers over editors; and for a general audience over specialists.
 - Category naming should prefer what the majority of English speakers would most easily recognize, with a reasonable minimum of ambiguity, while at the same time making categorization of media files easy and second nature.
Universality principle
A single name by given subject: we should not use different names to label a single subject. In particular, translations in other languages, or language variants are not an acceptable way to specify subdivisions of the main subject.
Selectivity principle
We should not classify items which are related to different subjects in the same category. Preferably, categories should have unambiguous names. If the name is ambiguous then it is necessary to add a text to the category page in order to specify its unique subject.
Modularity principle
This principle applies to categories which combine two (or more) different criteria. We will call them "compound categories".
First criterion: to be a church (root category Category:Churches)
Second criterion: to be located in Russia (root category Category:Russia)
The modularity principle asserts that a compound category name is made up from basic names (matching the criteria), which are put together according to a fixed form. These forms are specified in general rules or schemes.
According to Commons:By location category scheme, the pattern, for the category name which matches example 1, is: "[object] in [location name]".
Therefore, the category name will be Category:Churches in Russia.
Simplicity principle
This principle suggests not to combine too many different criteria. "Compound categories" combining more than three criteria tend to require too many parent categories and become difficult to manage.
Implementation of the principles
We have to realize that Commons Wikimedia project is not a Wikipedia project, and that we have limited competences regarding Encyclopedic matter. Therefore, we should not repeat debates, in Commons, about issues which have been resolved after hard word and sustained discussions in a Wikipedia project.
Which project? Inevitably due to the language policy rule, the English Wikipedia will be the reference for any encyclopedic issue, there is little choice but to use matching English Wikipedia articles as the basis for Commons category names.
However, there are several exceptions where the English Wikipedia article name would not be used:
 - the Wikipedia article name would not appropriately identify the subject of the category. That is the case, in particular, when the subject of the Commons category does not exactly match the subject of the Wikipedia article example?
 - the Wikipedia article name does not comply with the Wikipedia naming conventions
 - the Wikipedia article name is excessively verbose
 - the Wikipedia article name does not comply with a specific Commons rule
 - the Wikipedia article has been renamed (In Commons, we don't move a category each time a matching Wikipedia article is renamed)
In practice, different conventions may have evolved for different parts of Wikimedia Commons. Please see if there exists a category scheme or a commons project for your topic, and follow the conventions described there.
Categories by CRITERION
Commons:Meta category
These are special categories which are useful to group other related pages (not media files) according to a given criterion. They hold only other categories and should be marked with {{MetaCat}} template.
You can choose any appropriate criterion. Many criteria are currently used in Commons, most often used are:
 - by country (nationality, its English Wikipedia variant, is deprecated in Commons)
 - country subdivision, like: by state, by county, by city, by district, etc.
 - by year
 - other time units, like: date, decade, century, etc.
 - People related
For a given criterion, you must associate a set (often a finite set) where you'll pick elements to build the names of the subcategories.
Example Assume (it's not a recommendation) you want to group pictures, which are Category:Spheres, showing spheres of a given color. The associated set is an indefinite list of colors, like red, yellow, green, crimson, periwinkle blue, and so on. The matching categories would be:
 - Category:Red spheres
 - Category:Yellow spheres
 - Category:Green spheres
 - Category:Crimson spheres
 - Category:Periwinkle blue spheres
and they'd be categorized in Category:Spheres by color.
Notice that you must not put a category like Category:Wooden spheres in this group, because wood is a material, not a color (you can find natural wood of different colors, and also cover it to change its natural color).
So, normally, the name of the special category is built as follows:
PARENT CATEGORY can, in some cases, be a special category as well; however it is not recommended to create categories with more than 2 criteria.
Example: Category:Politicians > Category:Politicians by office > Category:Politicians by office by country


text:
The Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) exists to record objects found by members of the public and enter them onto an online database. Since it began in 1997, PAS has recorded over 750,000 objects of all periods of history from Palaeolithic flints to eighteenth-century coins and has become an important source of new archaeological data to be used by students and academics in their research. Initially based on a small group of pilot regions, recording was extended to cover the whole of England and Wales in 2003, at which point Oxfordshire became a part of the Scheme with the employment of a local Finds Liaison Officer (FLO) in the county. Alongside recording ordinary objects, PAS also deals with objects which come under remits of the Treasure Act 1996, which include gold and silver artefacts and coin hoards.
The Ashmolean has been officially involved with the PAS since 2004 when the Scheme's 'National Finds Advisor for Medieval and Post-medieval Coinage' became a part of our Heberden Coin Room. A further strengthening of the ties between the Ashmolean and PAS came with the re-opening of the museum in 2009 when the Coin Room and Department of Antiquities started a monthly 'identification service' for artefacts and coinage, at which the Oxfordshire FLO also attends. Through this service, PAS has recorded hundreds of objects, many of which would probably not have come to PAS's attention in any other way. The importance of PAS and local finds to the Ashmolean can be seen in the displays of local material around the museum, especially the 'England _PHONE_' and 'Money' galleries, the latter housing a set of drawers including a range of finds made by a local metal-detectorist.
Find out more about:


text:
Natalie Portman Biography
Natalie Portman is an Israeli actress, psychologist, director and producer with American nationality, and is recognized for having won the most important film awards: The Oscar, the actors' union, the BAFTA and the Golden Globe. She was born on June 9 of 1981 in Jerusalem, Israel, and is the daughter of Avner Hershlag and Shelley Hershlag.
In 1984, his family moved to the United States since his father had to finish his medical career. She started her studies at the Charles E. Smith Jewish School School, but sometime later, her family settled in Long Island, New York, where Natalie continued her studies at the Jewish elementary school called Solomon Schechter Day School; she also took classes in Hebrew and English. She completed high school at Syosset High School, where she graduated in 1999.
When she was 4 years old, her mother enrolled her in dance classes, and since then she started doing small works directed by local academies and dance companies. A modeling agency visited her school and thanks to her qualities, she was selected for a photo shoot. The photos caught the attention of the Wilhelmina Models agency, with which she later reached an agreement with her parents and signed a contract.
In 1991, a Revlon model agent found Natalie Portman in a pizzeria and offered her a job as a model, an offer that the young woman rejected because she wanted to dedicate herself to acting. To promote his film career, at the age of 12, his parents decided to change his surname to an easier and more commercial one and chose that of his maternal grandmother. During the school holidays, Natalie Portman attended theater camps. In that same year, she participated in the audition of the musical "Ruthless!" where she was chosen as a substitute actress with the singer Britney Spears to play the role of Tina Denmark, which was played by Laura Bell Bundy. Her debut in the cinema in 1994, was in the film "Léon" by Luc Besson.
In 1995, Portman was part of the movie "Beautiful Girls" by Ted Demme, she also worked in films such as "Heat" (1995), where he starred opposite Al Pacino; "Mars Attacks" (1996) by Tim Burton and "Everyone Says I Love You" (1996) by Woody Allen.
For the year 1996, she left her participation in the film "Romeo and Juliet" by Baz Luhrmann, due to the age difference between her and Leonardo DiCaprio. She also rejected job offers in the films "Lolita" (1997) and "The Ice Storm" (1997), because the characters offered her had sexual and sinister content. At that time, she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award as best supporting actress. However, the award was won by Angelina Jolie.
For the year 1997, Natalie Portman was hired to act in the first 3 Star Wars movies of George Lucas. In that same year, she played Anne Frank in the theatrical adaptation of "The Diary of Anne Frank" which was done on the Broadway stages. She also shot the first episode of Star Wars at 16.
In 1999, Portman starred in Matt Williams' "The Force of Love" which was the first work she did under the authorization of her parents and the first one where she made a love scene.
Between the year 2000 and 2001, she participated in the filming of the second Star Wars movie and finally made part of the third episode in 2003, where she played the roles of the queen and later senator Padmé Amidala, wife (secret) of Anakin Skywalker and mother of Luke and Leia.
For the year 2003, immersed in the completion of his higher studies of psychology, she was part of the movie "Cold Mountain" by Anthony Minghella, playing a small role as an abandoned woman with a small son.
In 2004, the actress was already playing more serious and adult roles. She participated in the movie "Something in Common" where she showed that she could participate in independent films. Natalie had to wait until the end of the year, with the premiere of the movie "Closer" by Mike Nichols, to establish herself completely as a movie star. Thanks to that film, where she was in scenes of high sexual grade, she managed to win a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Alice. She was also nominated for the Oscars, for the same role in the category of Secondary Actress, but failed to win.
In 2005, she was in the film "Free Zone" by Amos Gitai and in the super production V of Vendetta by James McTeigue, where she played Evey Hammond.
For the year 2006, she recorded in Spain "Goya's Ghosts" by Miloš Forman, where she played the muse of the painter Goya. A year later, she worked on the movie "2046" by Kar Wai. Time later, the film "The Boleyn sisters" rolled. After having previously rejected roles with nude scenes, in 2007 she also made the 12-minute short film "Hotel Chevalier" where she appeared totally nude.
In the year 2008, she made part of the documentary series "Gorillas de Rwanda" broadcast by the Animal Planet television network, where together with specialists, veterinarians and explorers, she traveled to that country to study the ecological and environmental situation of the gorillas. In that same year, she also participated in the films "Paris, I love you" and "New York, I love you." In the latter, she acted in one of the segments and directed another.
Natalie Portman presented at the Venice Film Festival 2010 the film "Black Swan" by Darren Aronofsky, a drama set in the world of ballet, art that the actress had practiced in childhood and which he resumed for the movie. Thanks to the excellent performance, she won a Golden Globe Award, a SAG Award and an Oscar for Best Actress for her performance in that film. On August 4, 2012, Natalie Portman married Benjamin Millepied, with whom she had 2 children.
Natalie Portman besides being an actress, she stood out for wanting to study and be a professional. She decided to study psychology at Harvard University, where she graduated on June 5, 2003. The actress spoke in an interview about her career, stating: "I do not care if the university ruins my career, I prefer to be smart than a star." At Harvard, she was Alan Dershowitz's research assistant in the psychology laboratory.
In 2004, she did a postgraduate degree at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In the month of March of the year 2006 she was invited as a lecturer to a course on terrorism and counterterrorism at Columbia University, where she talked about the movie V de Vendetta. In the month of May 2015, Natalie Portman gave a speech at Harvard University, aimed at recent graduates, where she motivated them to assume their own inexperience, insecurities, and ignorance to take risks and achieve unimaginable goals for them.
- Golden Globe Award for best-supporting actress in the film "Closer": 2004.
- Oscar Award for Best Actress in" The Black Swan": 2010.
- Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Drama in the film "The Black Swan": 2010.
- Actors Guild Award for Best Actress, for the movie "The Black Swan": 2010.
- BAFTA Award for Best Actress, for the film "The Black Swan": 2010. Cinematic Critic Award for Best Actress, for the film "The Black Swan": 2010.
- Critical Award Cinematography for best actress, for the movie "Jackie": 2016.
- The Perfect Assassin: 1994.
- Firefighting: 1995.
- Martians to attack: 1996.
- All say that I love you: 1996.
- Beautiful Girls: 1996.
- Change of life : 1999.
- Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace: 1999.
- Where did the love go ?: 2000.
- Zoolander: 2001.
- Star Wars: Episode II – The Attack of the Clones: 2002.
- Return to Cold Mountain: 2003.
- Closer : Driven by desire: 2004.
- Time to go back: 2004.
- Free zone: 2005.
- Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith: 2005.
- V of Vengeance: 2005.
- Goya's Ghosts: 2006.
- Paris, I love you: 2006.
- The magical world of Magorium: 2007.
- Journey to Darjeeling: 2007.
- Looking for a love: 2007.
- The sisters Boley: 2008.
- Brothers: 2009.
- A mistaken love: 2009.
- New York, I love you: 2009.
- The black swan: 2010.
- I'm Still Here: 2010.
- Thor: 2010.Hesher: 2010.
- A crazy medieval adventure: 2010.
- Friends with rights: 2010.
- Thor: A Dark World: 2013.
- The Heyday of the Insensitive Bastard: 2014.
- A Tale of Love and Darkness: 2015.
- Knight of Cups: 2015.
- Jackie: 2016.
- Jane Hammond: 2016.
- Song to Song: 2017.
SHORT FILMS AND TELEVISION
- Developing: 1994.
- Sesame Street: 2003.
- Sesame Street: 2004.
- True: 2004.
- Saturday Night Live: 2006.
- The Simpsons: 2007.
- Hotel Chevalier: 2007.
- South Park: 2013.
- As a producer, director, and writer New York, I Love You: 2008.
- Eve (Short): 2008.
- Hesher: 2010.
- No Strings Attached: 2011.
- A Tale of Love and Darkness: 2015.
- Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: 2016.
- Ruthless! 1992.
- The Diary of Anne Frank:


are you Dan or Phil?
Danisnotonfire and AmazingPhil have both graced the world with their hilarious and not-so-hilarious YouTube videos and other activities. If you don't know these people, you don't need to take this quiz.
SO, are you Dan? Are you Phil? Or are you so unlike them that you're neither. This quiz was created by my knowledge of Dan and Phil, if this is wrong, I'm sorry, if it's accurate, then rate up.
Created by: Christi
 1. What is your age?
 2. What is your gender?
 1. Llamas or Lions?
 2. How do you go through life?
 3. Dark or bright colors?
 4. How do you fix the inside of an outlet?
 5. What is the meaning of life?
 6. Pick a game that you would love to play.
 7. Pick a game that you would NOT love to play.
 8. Do you like house plants?
 9. How violent are you?
 10. Are you ready for all this to end?
 11. Well, it hasn't ended yet! Who do you think you are: Dan or Phil?
 12. How anti person are you?
 13. Are you...
 14. Would you be a Dinosaur or a Dragon?
 15. What do you know about computer programming?
 16. Doge or Grumpy Cat?
 17. Are you crazy?
 18. What is life?
 19. Are you accident-attracted?
 20. Which symbol describes you best?
 21. Microwave...
 22. What do you do in your spare time?
 23. Was this quiz enjoyable?
Remember to rate this quiz on the next page!
Quiz topic: Am I Dan or Phil?


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)
pane 2: shows classes
pane 3: shows categories - these are collections of methods
pane 4: shows methods
pane 5: shows Smalltalk code
button 1: toggles the browser to show the instance methods of the object
button 2: toggles the browser to show the class comments
button 3: toggles the browser to show the class methods of the object
Now, if we step back a little bit, and click on Collections-Sequenceable>OrderedCollection, you'll see:
Note that the code pane shows who OrderedCollection inherits from, as well as their instance variables, if you then go back to the abstract classes and click on SequenceableCollection, you'll notice that it inherits from Collection just as we discussed. Take some time poking around these classes and get comfortable with navigating in this browser. Look for the classes and methods we discussed above.
Finally, I'm going to introduce one more browser - the hierarchy browser. This one is good when you're concentrating on hierarchies and inheritence when you're coding. To open it, first click on OrderedCollection again, then middle-click>spawn hierarchy. You'll see:
Note, that this browser hasn't been scoped, and shows the full hierarchy. Notice that Collection inherits from an object called Object - no surprise here, most things about Smalltalk are just what you would expect. Finally, the topmost object is ProtoObject, which implements some really fundamental methods. The question naturally arises: "What does ProtoObject inherit from?". The answer is nothing, or nil to be more precise.
Project thumbnailFromUrl: '_URL_
For the read-along folks, you'll see a simple turtle
game project, and when you enter the project you can direct the turtle
by entering Smalltalk code:
Q: How compatible with [VisualWorks, VisualAge, Smalltalk/X, Dolphin,
etc] Smalltalk will the code examples be?
A: Though I'm not writing these articles with code portability in mind, and I'm not doing any portability testing, much of the basic code should be compatible. By basic code, I mean things like how collections are used, how classes are declared, instance variable use, etc. Traditionally where the different flavours of Smalltalk differ most is in GUI code. With Squeak specifically, some of the cool stuff we're going to look at isn't portable to other flavours, for example: the halo stuff, morphic stuff, and downloading projects.
What I'll start doing though, is any code that I a priori suspect is Squeak specific, I'll tag with [Squeak-only-suspected]. NOTE: this will only indicate my suspicion - I don't plan on spending time on testing it in different flavours, or searching for ways to accomplish the same task in a different manner.
This would be a great use of the Linux Gazette's talkback sections - if other Smalltalkers note what does and doesn't work in other flavours, they can post this info. Also starting with this article, I'll start indexing the examples so they're easier to refer to for this purpose (ie: ex1, ex2). I haven't done this yet, as I wanted to keep the series informal, but I expect enumerating examples will make it easier/clearer to post talkbacks. If you don't like the enumerating - post a talkback.


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Parse Server and React Native
React Native and Parse Server are two of the most popular frameworks used by app developers. Both the frameworks boast a powerful and strong community, along with exceptional features. Below, you'll find details of the features and advantages of each of the frameworks.
What is Parse Server?
Initially developed by Facebook, Parse Server is an open-source BaaS (backend as a service) framework. The platform has a robust and active community of passionate developers who constantly strive and innovate to enhance the already modular and impressive platform.
Parse Server Features
- GraphQL / REST APIs– Parse Server enables you to develop dynamic end-to-end REST APIs with very little or no coding.
- Push notifications – Push notifications are an automatic communication that is sent by an application to a user when the app is not open. Pushes are an amazing marketing vehicle and can assist you in keeping in touch with your app users. Parse allows sending pushes to both iOS and Android devices.
- Email notifications – Parse Server offers automation to email verification. Users' email addresses can be verified and their passwords can be reset.
- Live queries – Sending real-time notifications or live queries is a common feature of Parse. Live queries enable several users to update the same record at once.
- Social login – Third-party authentication or social login simplifies the authentication process with Twitter, Facebook, Linked In, etc.
- File system – Parse adapters allow you to store data and host files with various providers. The list includes Google Cloud, AWS, and Back4app.
- Data modeling – This is Parse's most-used feature. It enables developers to organize data straightforwardly and simply. The dashboard looks similar to a spreadsheet, and it allows you to create classes, and the properties can be arranged in a row or column structure. You can also import, export, or filter data in a breeze.
- Geo queries – Parse enables you to associate real-world longitude and latitude coordinates with an object. This means you can easily find out what user is closest to another.
- Multiple SDKs – Parse Server has multiple SDKs, and therefore, you don't have to worry about the platform that you are building for. Whether you are creating for the web and the desktop, the SDKs will help you move faster than you imagined. Ideal for standalone products or experiences that complement mobile apps.
Parse Server Benefits
The advantages of Parse Server are primarily related to productivity gains during the application development stage. The development of repetitive tasks like developing and exposing APIs, data modeling, sending push and real-time notifications, integrating the backend to mobile SDKs, logs, and so on, are automated by Parse. The platform allows developers to avoid investing their time in boilerplate coding code and focus on high-value tasks.
The main benefits of Parse Server are –
- Accelerates the app development process
- Allows the developers to emphasize high-value coding activities
- The overall cost of a software project is reduced
What is React Native?
React Native Features
- Code written in React Native works on almost every mobile platform, including Windows, Android, and iOS
- Focused on UI design, and therefore, greatly responsive and the rendering abilities are one of the best
- A strong and helpful community in the cross-platform app development world
- Quick and short development time
- Huge support for third-party libraries
- Uses NPM or Node Package Manager for installation, which is user-friendly and not difficult to learn
- Ensures high performance for GPU-oriented apps
- Live reload feature which provides two screens so that developers can modify code in one and see the modification in the other screen
React Native Benefits
- Work is parallelized – Facebook developed a framework known as the Async display kit. This framework enables developers to get rendering off the main thread, and this allows super smooth animations. The same can be accomplished by utilizing Web workers, but there might be some limitations. While Web workers have a complex image decoding process, layouts are difficult, and text measurement isn't allowed, React Native simplifies these.
- Declarative coding style – This style of coding is one of the main reasons why React Native is so popular. Developers can write codes that are flexible, readable, and not manipulative. The codes help to create amazing UIs that can be understood easily by simply looking at the code.
- High-end gesture handling – React Native provides access to native gestures, which allows developers to build a gesture system that is sophisticated and advanced.
- Access to native capabilities – React Native provides access to platform-specific components and capabilities, including native widgets. Without Native, the widgets are not going to work well, and they'll be laggy.
- Cross-platform – React Native is not limited to a single platform. The framework can be used to design, code, and release applications for multiple platforms, including Android and iOS. This helps to significantly reduce the hours needed to set up resources and code for individual platforms.
- Iterations are faster – React Native allows Live Reloading and Hot Reloading options where you get to decide how you will reload your application to view the modifications. The feedback loop also decreases, allowing developers to issue over-the-air code updates with instant rendering.
- Simplified readability – The coding process and paradigms are simplified due to the declarative style of coding. This results in a code that is easier to read by the developer and the system. The developer can understand what the code will do by simply looking at it instead of rendering it to find out.
Parse Server and React Native can be used by developers to launch a feature-rich app for Android, iOS, Windows, Unity, and more. They work great together to build best-in-class applications.
What is Parse Server?
Open-source backend framework used to accelerate mobile app development.
What is React Native?
Open-source frontend framework used to accelerate mobile app development.


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One of Tāmaki Makaurau's historic treasures has reopened after its refurbishment as part of a major restoration plan.
The Sir John Logan Campbell memorial fountain on Manukau Rd, the original entrance to Cornwall Park, is the first stage to be completed of the Cornwall Park plan developed by Nelson Byrd Woltz in collaboration with Boffa Miskell in 2014. The aim is to restore the area as a grand entrance to the park, protecting and enhancing important heritage features and natural landscapes.
Campbell, an early pioneer settler, gifted the 172ha park to all New Zealanders in 1903. The fountain, funded by public subscription in appreciation of his generosity, was unveiled on May 24, 1906. The fountain had been restored in 1979, largely unsuccessfully, and has now been restored to an original water pattern, albeit with a reduced water consumption from its original 45,000-plus litres per hour.
The main part of the park is sited on the extinct volcano of Maungakiekie which was turned into a major pā site by Ngāti Awa in the late 1600s. The area fell into disuse and was acquired by Campbell and business partner William Brown in 1853. The vision of the overall plan is to enhance "the landscape in its many guises; a recreational and scenic space, a working farm, an ecological refuge and above all, a cultural-heritage landscape".


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Our Daily Bread: What is the Evidence on Comparing Cash versus Food Transfers?
The paper reviews key issues in the cash versus food debate on the basis of a new generation of impact evaluations comparing alternative transfer modalities. Differences in effectiveness of cash and food transfers vary by indicator, although they tend to be moderate on average. The paper also discusses the need for more nuanced and rigorous cost-effectiveness analyses. Reviewed studies show that cash tends to be twice as efficient as food – yet methods for cost analyses vary in scope, breadth, and depth. While the review shows the growing knowledge on transfer debate, it also exposes a number of information gaps.
1.78 MB pdf


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Book Review
Book Cover
Three Kings (Hardback)
Editors: George R. R. Martin and Melinda M. Snodgrass
Publisher: Harper Voyager
392 pages
RRP: £20
ISBN: 978 0 00 836148 8
Publication Date: 14 May 2020
The Wild Cards is a series of books and other media which tells an alternative world history. In this world, the planet was covered with alien spores. A part of the population remained unaffected. Some, known as Aces, were give stupendous powers, while others were not so lucky - their new gifts being more of a curse. These people were named Jokers...
Three Kings (392 pages) edited by George R. R. Martin and Melinda M. Snodgrass is the twenty-something book in a series which has been able to remain fresh, whilst building up a rich cast of characters who inhabit an ever increasingly fleshed out world.
The basic structure for the books is that the writing is shared between a number of authors, in this case Mary Anne Mohanraj, Peter Newman, Peadar O Guilin, Melinda Snodgrass and Caroline Spector.
Previous novels have been structured by having each author write a complete portion, from the perspective of a particular character and the whole thing being drawn together in the last story. This time they have produced a different form of mosaic novel. The novel reads as a single narrative. It does not have any chapters, but is separated into days and within those days it is further separated by the main POV characters. This means you have no idea who wrote what and it's a genuinely impressive feat that there is no way of telling. The style, pace and general tone remains consistent throughout.
In this alternative world Queen Elizabeth has died without, apparently, leaving an heir. On her passing Margaret becomes Queen and this is generally a good time for the Aces and Jokers, but Margaret's time is also over and her son, Henry, will ascend to the throne. The problem is that Henry is an ill-tempered racist and not at all suitable.
On Margaret's deathbed she calls for Alan Turing and reveals to him that Elizabeth did indeed have a child, but that as the child was obviously not normal it was disposed of. Believing the child may be alive she tasks Turing to find the child and stop Henry becoming king.
The story is then told through the main POV characters, Turing who feels torn between his oath to the crown, the ambition of his on/off lover, Prince Richard and his desire to find and restore the rightful king.
Turing isn't the only one interested in finding him, given that Henry states his desire to return England back to an Anglo-Saxon realm, attacks against the Jokers increases as does the general level of racism towards them. The Green Man, leader of the underground resistance also sees the Jokers salvation in finding the rightful king alive, a Joker king would change everything.
The third main POV is Noel, an ex-agent who is just trying to hold on to custody of his child. Henry uses this as a lever to blackmail him into finding and killing Elizabeth's child.
There are other characters who get their own POV moments, but the spine of the novel is the race to see who discovers if the child is alive and whether he is elevated to the throne or killed without knowing his real parentage.
As it stands, this makes a good adventure story and the writers could have left it there. Instead they have taken the time to flesh out characters and the book delves into their relationships. The book is as much about love, its temptations and the lies we hide from our partners as it is about finding the king. Alongside the examination of the fragility of love the book also tackles racism, though this is not new and has been a common theme through the series.
Overall, a good entry into the series, where they are trying new things, pushing the boundaries of what a mosaic novel should look like.
Charles Packer
Buy this item online
Kindle edition


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|Uploaded:||February 26, 2009|
|Updated:||July 13, 2010|
For my next tutorial I will be showing you how to draw a cartoon beaver step by step. I love animals, and the beaver just happens to be one of my favorite wildlife animals that exist. Now even though the beaver is a favorite of mine, I am actually submitting this lesson because a member who requested a beaver as a tutorial. Instead of doing a drawing on a real life looking beaver, I thought it would be fun to show you how to draw a cartoon version of this wood chopping animal. There is an age old question that is asked by many kids and adults. And that question was once asked by me as well. What is this mind boggling brain tease? Well, did you ever wonder if beavers eat wood? I mean if you think about it, the beavers that I was used to seeing were on T.V. and these animated beavers cooked wood, ate wood, and even used wood to make these humongous dames that they are usually associated with. About two years ago I did a little research of my own to find out if any of these myths were true, and here is what I found out. First off beavers are cousins to rats, mice, porcupines, and squirrels which means that they are a part of the rodent family. They live in ponds, rivers, lakes, streams and even marshes and they spend most of there time in the water due to the fact that they have short legs and webbed feet. Because of their body build, they cannot move well on solid ground making them vulnerable to land predators. Do they really eat wood? The answer to that question is yes! Beavers love eating bark and leaves with their favorite tree being the aspen. They have also been known to eat birch, alder, willow, and mountain maples. To answer your other question, yes they do build dams and lodges with the left over trees that they do not consume. Anyways no matter how you look at it, the beaver is a wonderfully pleasant animal that is fun to draw and color. You will learn "how to draw a beaver", step by step with easy to read instructions and simple to follow steps. I will be back in a while with more drawing fun so stay tuned and keep a look out for what comes out next. Peace out!


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Basalt America's basalt rebar (RockRebar®) was used to build the bridge without any steel reinforcement.
Prestigious Engineering Excellence Award (EEA) recognizes firms in Florida for their original or innovative applications to complex projects and studies. The annual award was established by the Florida Institute of Consulting Engineers (FICE) and the winners 2018 will receive it in April next year.
Award-winning team of students makes use of basalt rebar to solve the issues of corrosion, strength and durability of concrete structures in bridge construction. Edward A. Cespedes, CEO of Basalt America, believes that the innovation bridge on the University of Miami campus offers a glimpse of how concrete construction needs to be built in corrosion prone areas. Basalt fiber reinforcement products represent substantial improvements over steel, especially as they relate to corrosion and sustainability, extending the service life of concrete structures and eliminating maintenance costs related to corrosion.
As we informed earlier, the students of Canadian university had showcased basalt composite developed to fix bridges, and applied it in the rehabilitation of the Merrick Creek Bridge over the Detroit River.
However, the first ever built composite bridge has already turned 25. For its long service life, the bridge has experienced severe flooding, strong wind gusts and mechanical damage, being an invaluable source of data for the researchers in composite technologies.
In addition, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials have been in service on public infrastructure facilities such as bridge decks and superstructures for over ten years.
Companies: Basalt America


What is a Nose Rider?
A nose rider is a popular option for AXYZ CNC routers. It is a relatively simple accessory which fits onto the bottom of the routing spindle and fixes its position relative to the pressure foot. The end result of this is to effectively 'lock' the height of the spindle to the surface of the material. The final depth of cut into the material is determined by how far the router bit is protruding from the lower face of the pressure foot. The nose rider includes an adjustable ring which allows very fine tuning of the vertical position of the spindle relative to the pressure foot and therefore the cut depth.
When to use a Nose Rider?
The primary reason for using a nose rider is when an application requires an accurate and constant cut depth when measured from the surface of the material.
If the sacrificial bed of the machine is absolutely flat and if the thickness of the material being processed is accurate and consistent then there should be no need to use a nose rider. However, if either of these cases is in doubt then the nose rider provides an excellent means of simple yet accurate compensation.
One example of this is engraving. For best visual results, engraving demands a very consistent depth of cut and quite often materials to be engraved are not consistent in their thickness and can vary by as much as 1.5mm over the area of a sheet. Even if the material does have a consistent thickness, any minor variations in bed flatness can spoil a fine engraving job. The nose rider will easily compensate in these situations and ensure constant depth engraving over the entire bed area.
Another example is when V-grooving composite materials which need to be folded. The depth of cut is quite critical in order to ensure consistent fold lines and final visual appearance. The AXYZ PANELBuilder machines which are designed for panel fabrication applications are almost always supplied with a nose rider accessory.
How to use a Nose Rider?
This video shows how a nose rider can be fitted and adjusted on an AXYZ machine.
Author: Ged Lodge is an Applications Specialist for AXYZ, a global manufacturer of CNC router and knife systems. Ged has over 10 years' experience with AXYZ and over 25 years' experience with CNC routers.