text:
The Meaning of a Format
Duke University Press 2012
MP3: The Meaning of a Format (Duke University Press, 2012) is a fascinating study of the MP3 as a historical, cultural, conceptual, and social phenomenon. In the course of an account of the MP3 that has surprising connections to telephony and the economics of perception, Jonathan Sterne usefully shifts our attention from media-in-general to a more specific focus on material formats, "the stuff beneath, beyond, and behind the boxes our media come in." MP3 explores the process by which AT&T learned how to make money from the gaps in human hearing. By the 1980s, Sterne shows, engineers had developed methods for using what cannot be heard within the audible spectrum as the basis for a system of data compression for digital sound transmission. The same decade saw a subgroup of the International Organization for Standardization, the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), devise a standard for digital video and audio with the help of a series of tests that gauged listeners' levels of sonic annoyance. Sterne shows how the MP3 format emerged out of these overlapping material and social contexts of perception, technics, and experimentation. There are cat pianos and cat telephones (not what you think!) here, as well as accounts of cybernetics and information theory, histories of the domestication of noise, considerations of the challenge of archiving digital mashups, and vignettes about Suzanne Vega and Tom's Diner. It's a wonderful book about an important part of our daily media landscape, and it was great fun to talk about it!
A review of MP3: The Meaning of Format can be found in Public Books here.


Special character handling in URLs
Bazaar allows locations to be specified in multiple ways, either:
 - Fully qualified URLs
 - File system paths, relative or absolute
Internally bzr treats all locations as URLs. For any file system paths that are specified it will automatically determine the appropriate URL representation, and escape special characters where necessary.
There are a few characters which have special meaning in URLs and need careful handling to avoid ambiguities. Characters can be escaped with a % and a hex value in URLs. Any non-ASCII characters in a file path will automatically be urlencoded when the path is converted to a URL.
URLs represent non-ASCII characters in an encoding defined by the server, but usually UTF-8. The % escapes should be of the UTF-8 bytes. Bazaar tries to be generous in what it accepts as a URL and to print them in a way that will be readable.
For example, if you have a directory named '/tmp/%2False' these are all valid ways of accessing the content (0x2F, or 47, is the ASCII code for forward slash):
cd /tmp
bzr log /tmp/%2False
bzr log %2False
bzr log file:///tmp/%252False
bzr log file://localhost/tmp/%252False
bzr log file:%252False
These are valid but do not refer to the same file:
bzr log file:///tmp/%2False (refers to a file called /tmp/\/alse)
bzr log %252False (refers to a file called /tmp/%252False)
Comma also has special meaning in URLs, because it denotes segment parameters
segment parameters: _URL_ (section 3.3)
Comma is also special in any file system paths that are specified. To use a literal comma in a file system path, specify a URL and URL encode the comma:
bzr log foo,branch=bla # path "foo" with the segment parameter "branch" set to "bla"
bzr log file:foo%2Cbranch=bla # path "foo,branch=bla"
bzr log file:foo,branch=bla # path "foo" with segment parameter "branch" set to "bla"
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Medical Quiz
Terms for The Skeletal System Quiz
The root word for bone is:
A. cost/o
B. lord/o
C. chondr/o
D. oste/o
Select your answer:
A B C D E
Topics:
The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems Infection Control Cariology Consciousness and Sleep Diseases World Health Day Cells, Genetics & Heredity Review SSTI and Bone Infections Neurological Concepts Anatomy Anatomy and Histology of Stomach Lung & Breathing Carbohydrates and Proteins Stem Cells & Cell Differentiation Connective Tissue
Other quiz: Physical fitness , Wellness and Lifestyle
The amount of time it takes to make a physical response.
A. Speed
B. Cardio-respiratory endurance
C. Agility
D. Reaction time


text:
Prices plus VAT plus shipping costs
Delivery time approx. 3-4 weeks
- Order number: ORCU-31425U
Cu-Alloy wires consists of nickel, titanium and copper. The addition of copper to the alloy enhances the thermal-reactive properties of the wire. The Cu-Alloy wires with the unique thermal-reactive property and mechanics provide a wide range of choice for different cases.
Cu-Alloy is specifically calibrated for use with the ProMIM system and its smooth surface to reduce the sliding friction. Cu-Alloy wires activated temperature is close to mouth temperature and is soft in room temperature to facilitate engagement. It falls within a very efficient force range when used with the large round or rectangle sizes.
1. Cu-Alloy wires loading forces are smaller then the nickel titanium counterparts
2. Due to the lower hysteresis of Cu-Alloy wires unloading (springback) properties facilitate fast, efficient tooth movement
3. A unique springback characteristic provides continuous forces
4. More resistant to permanent deformation than other nickel-titanium wires
5. Smooth surface to lower down the friction between wires and brackets
|Wire Material:||Cu-Alloy NiTi|
|Dimensions Rectangular:||.014 x.025|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- Can kangaroos swim?
- Do Kangaroos bite?
- Can kangaroos fart?
- Why do kangaroos hate dogs?
- Is a joey a baby kangaroo?
- What is kangaroos scientific name?
- What are 3 interesting facts about kangaroos?
- Can a kangaroo disembowel a human?
- Why are baby kangaroos called Joeys?
- Can a kangaroo kill you?
- Why do kangaroos attack humans?
Can kangaroos swim?
All kangaroos have short hair, powerful hind legs, small forelimbs, big feet and a long tail.
They also use their tail when swimming; that's right – kangaroos are good swimmers.
They swim to avoid predators, and can use their forepaws to drown pursuers.
Kangaroos can't move backwards..
Do Kangaroos bite?
Like many species, male kangaroos sometimes fight over potential mates. They often lean back on their sturdy tail and "box" each other with their strong hind legs. Kangaroos can also bite and wield sharp claws, which they may do in battle with an enemy like a dingo.
Can kangaroos fart?
Kangaroos produce methane as part of their digestive process, researchers found. Since the 1970s, it has been suggested that kangaroos don't fart — or rather, the (ahem!) gas they emit contains very little, if any, methane. But now, new research suggests this isn't true.
Why do kangaroos hate dogs?
Exactly what precipitated the fight between the dog and marsupial is unclear, although Festa-Bianchet says kangaroos are used to contending with dingoes, which often prey on them. "Kangaroos often defend themselves by wrestling the dogs to the ground, which is what you can see happening in the video," he says.
Is a joey a baby kangaroo?
The young kangaroo, or joey, is born at a very immature stage when it is only about 2 cm long and weighs less than a gram. Immediately after birth it crawls up the mother's body and enters the pouch. The baby attaches its mouth to one of four teats, which then enlarges to hold the young animal in place.
What is kangaroos scientific name?
What are 3 interesting facts about kangaroos?
Kangaroos can hop around quickly on two legs or walk around slowly on all four. Kangaroos can't walk backwards. Kangaroos have very powerful legs and can be dangerous at times. Kangaroos can jump very high, sometimes three times their own height.
Can a kangaroo disembowel a human?
"A male kangaroo can disembowel someone," says Mr Piper. "They don't set out to do it, but that's the nature of how they fight: they kick with their big hind legs." But people shouldn't be frightened away. Coming close to them is usually safe – even petting a kangaroo can be OK, provided it approaches first.
Why are baby kangaroos called Joeys?
Answer: Originates in the aborigine language and joey means 'small animal'. Joey is the collective norm for any small animals.
Can a kangaroo kill you?
There are very few records of kangaroos attacking humans without provocation; however, several such unprovoked attacks in 2004 spurred fears of a rabies-like disease possibly affecting the marsupials. The only reliably documented case of a fatality from a kangaroo attack occurred in New South Wales in 1936.
Why do kangaroos attack humans?
Kangaroos are vegetarians, so they typically attack humans only if they feel threatened or are convinced you're withholding food from them. … Fighting a wild male kangaroo is an entirely different proposition—a battle with a powerful animal that may think it's struggling for its life.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Robot - MetamorphicThis is a robot whose design is so flexible it can change into 2 or more forms, each possessing different Physical Abilities and Physical Powers. Most Metamorphs have a dual nature. The primary form is a human-shape; the secondary form may be a vehicle or usuform. Both forms weigh the same, but may be different sizes. A Metamorph can change into a form that is up to 3X's larger than the smaller form. If the metamorph possesses size-altering Powers, this limit is replaced by that Power's limit.
Note: The player must generate separate Physical abilities for each form and assign Powers to either or both forms.Metamorphs have a minimum of 2 forms. In the creation process, additional forms can be gained at a cost of -1CS to all Primary Abilities for each additional form gained.
Body Armor: Their Material Strength acts as Body Armor.
Self-Healing: Player character robots possess self-repair facilities that simulate normal Healing.
Note: There is Karma loss if a hero purposely destroys a sentient robot. Robots are people too. Non-sentient robots are cannon fodder.These Robots roll their Abilities on Column 4 of the Random Ranks Table.


text:
Letter and Word Interactive Boom Cards
This bundle includes 3 decks to target language arts skills including:
- find the rhyming word
- find the missing letter in a word
- identify vowel vs. consonant
This product contains:
- over 60 digital task cards (broken up into 3 decks of 20-26 cards each)
What are Boom Cards?
Boom Cards are internet based, interactive activities that work great for distance learning! They are highly motivating, self paced, and self grading.
Accessing Your Boom Cards:
With this purchase, you will download to activate the Boom Cards. When you redeem your purchase, Boom Learning will ask you to create a free account if you do not already have one. After you activate your cards, they will live in the library of your Boom Learning teacher account.
How do students use Boom Cards?
After the teacher opens a free Boom Learning account, he/she will create fast play pins to assign Boom Cards to students. Students do not need an account to use the fast play feature.
Which Devices are Compatible?
Boom Cards™ play on most modern browsers (Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and Edge) and devices including Android, iPad, iPhone, Kindle Fire, and Chromebook.
You may assign Boom Cards to your students through Google Classroom. In the teacher account, you will be able to get a link for each deck.
Saving Student Data:
Boom Learning also has premium accounts. Premium accounts offer advanced assignment tools, individual and whole class performance tracking, and more.
If you are a new Boom Learning customer, when you redeem your Boom Cards purchase you get 90-day free trial of a premium account. When your trial ends, you can renew or move to a free account. Free accounts use Boom Cards with Fast Play pins. Free accounts do not save student data. Read here for details: _URL_
**All products are delivered digitally to your inbox for you to print out & prep for use**


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Chieftain Rhanakhed
The Arbiters
Average Height
Skin Colours
Hair Colours
None (males)
Black (females)
Eye Colours
Distinctive Features
Horned Tail, Tall, Snout, Scales
Life Span
90-100 years
Whenever you are in the Oozing Marsh.. watch your step. Those Jin'tulu have some incredibly crafty fighting-techniques. Plus, those spears really hurt..
~ Forgelord Feezlebor
The Jin'tulu are a tall, Humanoid-reptilian race that are native to the continent of Gaderon, specifically within The Oozing Marsh. They are one of the ten dominant species of Uloff, being most common within central Gaderon. The race specializes in unique battle techniques, such as "Ground Fighting", and the use of powders and poisons in combat. Being primitive and tribal, the Jin'tulu mainly rely on close-range combat using hand-crafted weaponry.
The Jin'tulu are a playable race for The Arbiters.
History[edit | edit source]
The Jin'tulu Emblem
The Jin'tulu is said to have evolved from the native reptiles about two thousand years ago. Within the Oozing Marsh and Northern Fjordinheim, the race built their villages and began to flourish. They soon grew humanoid features, and began to build larger cities and developed tools and weapons. Soon, leaders were decided by a traditional public fight to the death. Whoever won this fight became the Chieftain of the race. They carried on until the early Humans came along. The Jin'tulu were interested in the race, and watched them build their civilizations. After becoming impressed by the races building skills, they would come out of the marsh with a peace offering. The Humans did not like it at first and were reluctant to accept the offering, but decided to welcome them. They had a great feast with traditional meals made by the Jin'tulu. Unfortunately, the Humans only brought themselves, and decided to not bring anything to the feast. Luckily, the Jin'tulu did not mind, as there was plenty of food for both races. The two races formed an alliance with each other, and gained a mutual friendship. The two also became trade partners, with the Humans trading armor, shields, weapons, food, and clothing; and the Jin'tulu trading poison, spears, clothing, helmets, and their traditional food.
Appearance[edit | edit source]
Jin'tulu resemble that of anthropomorphic lizards. The average Jin'tulu is 140 lbs., and will usually measure up to 6 feet tall. Humans and Jin'tulu do not differ too greatly, despite one being mammal and one being reptile. The Jin'tulu are reptilian, covered in scales. They are mostly teal or green, but those who are out in the sun gain black colored scales, eventually. Their eyes are similar to that of the Madagascar Velvet Gecko, having narrow black pupils, met by a red and orange color around it.
The male Jin'tulu has a larger snout than the female Jin'tulu. The females are also known to have slick, black hair, thin tails, short snouts, and smaller teeth. The males are known to have horns on the back of their bodies, sharper fingernails, and a lack in any body-hair. Both genders have a digitigrade stance. Males are often seen with a much broader shoulders, and a larger body frame overall.
Personality[edit | edit source]
Jin'tulu are known to be aggressive in battle. They get straight to the point, and few show emotion. They use special combat tactics such as "Ground-Fighting", which is a technique that usually consists of burrowing underground, wait for enemies to get near their spot, and jab them with sharp spears. Poison that induces writhing pain is their signature weapon, and will usually coat their weapons in this poison.
Jin'tulu also seek to establish good relationships with other races, as they believe that good relationships result a better society.
Leadership & Government[edit | edit source]
Chieftain Rhanakhed, the current cheftain of the Jin'tulu
Their leader is currently Chieftain Rhanakhed. He is quite old, but skilled in fighting. Rhanakhed is known to be aggressive in combat, and will do anything to keep his people safe and secure. He does not normally get along with other race leaders (except Human leader King Earnet), but tries to tolerate anyone he is allied with. He is known to get along with King Earnet quite well, as they both share similar ideals and combat techniques.
The Jin'tulu have a clan-like government, with a chieftain in charge of the race. The chieftain is responsible for all the decisions of the race, and hold the responsibilities of keeping the people happy, alive, and healthy. Every 25 years, the Jin'tulu set up a ceremonial arena in which they decide the next chieftain. The current chieftain is to fight against Jin'tulu who wish to take his place, until either combatant is mortally wounded or no longer able to fight. If a chieftain either steps down or is too old to serve his people anymore, the battles are instead between multiple Jin'tulu looking to become the next in line.
This ceremony will only happen a few times within a Jintulu's lifespan, so many who attempt to overtake the chieftain are younger members.
Culture[edit | edit source]
The Jin'tulu are very tribal, and love fine-art and crafting. They also create traditional music, which is made with chants, hums, and tribal instruments. They are also known to love painting and art, and will proudly display their creations everywhere. Jin'tulu also have a reputation for using chemicals and mixtures to create a signature poison, which invokes heavy irritation and writhing pain. The poison can also be fatal if it gets into the bloodstream.
Jin'tulu will often use sticks, rocks, and twine to create weapons. These weapons will usually be sharpened, and will commonly be very spear-like. They will trade for higher quality weapons when preparing for an oncoming battle. Their armor can range from copper and tin to highly durable metals that they create themselves, the latter usually reserved for the Chieftain and his guard.


Sunday, September 16, 2012
Do Your SSL Certs Meet Microsoft's New Requirements?
This means that Internet Explorer will refuse to access websites that do not have RSA keys with minimum lengths of 1024 bits. You won't be able to exchange encrypted emails, run ActiveX controls or install applications on Windows. This isn't new, as Microsoft started making announcements about this well over a year ago.
If your first reaction is "There goes Redmond bossing the rest of the world around again!", think about it. 1024-bits key length is already considered obsolete, so if you're hanging on to 1024-bit keys or weaker you're asking for trouble. The National Institute of Standards and Technology bulletin 800-57 recommends RSA key lengths of 2048 or 3072 bits. NIST calculates that 2048-bit keys will be good until 2030, and then they'll be easily breakable by brute force. 3072-bit keys have predicted lifetimes of "much longer." So 4096-bit RSA keys have lifetimes of "much, much longer."
Now What?
If you're running some Windows systems, start at RSA keys under 1024 bits are blocked. This tells you how to find weak keys and how to upgrade.
The rest of us must use other means. OpenSSL has a bunch of tools for querying SSL certificates. Use this invocation to get information on your local web server, and look for the following information:
$ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect localhost:443
Server certificate
subject=/OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=EssentialSSL Wildcard/CN=*
issuer=/C=GB/ST=Greater Manchester/L=Salford/O=COMODO CA Limited/CN=EssentialSSL CA
Server public key is 2048 bit
You may test remote servers as well, substituting their URLs for "localhost." The example shows that the server's SSL certificate is verified by a commercial certificate authority, Comodo, that it supports the latest strong protocols TLSv1/SSLv3, and uses the very strong AES256 symmetric encryption algorithm.
You can query a mailserver the same way:
$ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect mailserver:995
Or an FTP server:
$ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect ftpserver:21
You'll have to know how your FTP is configured, because it varies. FTP/SSL is usually TCP port 21 or 990, and SFTP is usually TCP port 115, though sometimes it goes over TCP port 22.
Algorithm Confusion
A common point of confusion is the various encryption algorithms used by OpenSSL. In the above example the RSA key is 2048 bits, but the AES key is only 256 bits. The RSA key relies on an asymmetric algorithm. It uses a pair of encryption keys, one public and one private. The public key encrypts and the private key decrypts. You can fling any number of public keys into the world so that other people may send you encrypted messages, and you only need to keep track of a single private key to decrypt them. It's a clever way to easily to set up encrypted communications.
Symmetric algorithms require that both parties share the same key for encryption and decryption. This has obvious drawbacks, like figuring out how to securely share the keys, and like any secret when more than one person knows it, it's no longer a secret. But symmetric algorithms are efficient and don't need much computing power.
A typical SSL session is a busy little thing with all kinds of stuff happening, and it takes advantage of the different strengths of asymmetric and symmetric algorithms. The asymmetric RSA key allows anyone to establish an encrypted network session without having a pre-shared key, but at the price of significant CPU cycles. Once the session is established, new symmetric keys are generated and exchanged to encrypt the remainder of the session.
How the Internet Sees You
Qualys SSL tester
Figure 1: Qualys SSL tester.
I love websites that let you test your servers, and there are a lot of them. Qualys SSL Labs has an SSL server test. Test your server and you'll see a report like Figure 1.
It goes on to give detailed information like supported ciphers, RSA key strength, supported protocols, and it even says if it's vulnerable to the BEAST attack.
What the Web Browser Sees
Web browser developers are getting stricter about the SSL information they display. In the olden days there was a little padlock at the bottom, and you clicked it to see the SSL information. Now they have multiple indicators. Chromium uses little colored padlocks, a plain page icon, and other indicators. Click on them to get full details.
Figure 2: How Wikipedia's SSL is reported by Firefox (top) and Chromium. Firefox is gray, Chromium is nice green.
Firefox is simpler and sterner. A gray globe indicates a mixed http/https page, a gray padlock is an https page, and only sites that pay mondo bucks for Extended Validation certificates get a green padlock. Firefox keeps changing their SSL indicators, so this could be outdated information tomorrow. For today, Figure 2 compares the same page in Firefox (on top) and Chromium. This page uses very strong encryption, but it still doesn't rate a splash of color in Firefox, just dull gray.
Upgrading Your Digital Certificates
I'm afraid I don't have a simple solution for querying or upgrading your digital certificates. Your upgrading method depends on whether your certificates are self-generated or from a commercial vendor, and how your public key infrastructure (PKI) is set up. How strong should you make them? You ought to do some testing before deciding, because the computational power required for higher encryption levels goes up steeply. So if you're thinking you'll, go for the gusto and use 4096-bit RSA keys and future-proof yourself forever, try it first and see how it affects server performance and user experience. The NIST thinks that 3072-bit keys should be good well beyond the predicted year 2030 lifespan of 2048-bit keys.
It's also a good time to check your own server configurations, and to limit who they'll accept connections from. The Apache Software Foundation has a great guide, Apache SSL/TLS Encryption that is useful not only for configuring Apache, but for understanding SSL/TLS.
Even though this is all a big pain, look at the bright side-- if you've been unsuccessfully trying to persuade your boss that you're years overdue to block SSLv1 and 40-bit symmetric keys, Microsoft might be doing you a favor.
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text:
Superior (Steamboat), 22 Dec 1821
- Full Text
It is stated in the Buffalo Journal that the proprietors of the steam boat WALK-IN-THE-WATER are about to commence the building of another boat, of smaller dimensions, and that she is intended to be ready for the lake by the first of May next.
December 22, 1821
(This vessel was to be the SUPERIOR. See Erie Gazette May 23, 1822.)
- Media Type:
- Item Type:
- replace WALK-IN-THE-WATER
- Date of Original:
- Local identifier:
- Language of Item:
- William R. McNeil
- Copyright Statement:
- Copyright status unknown. Responsibility for determining the copyright status and any use rests exclusively with the user.
Maritime History of the Great Lakes


DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14554 ISSN: _PHONE_
A meta‐analysis examining the impact of intrawound treatment on reducing deep surgical site infections during instrumented spine surgery
Liqiang Zhou, Shuxing Xing
 - Dermatology
 - Surgery
Abstract
The purpose of the meta‐analysis was to evaluate and compare the effect of intrawound management on decreasing deep surgical site infections (SSIs) in instrumented spinal surgery (SS). The results of this meta‐analysis were analysed, and the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using dichotomous or contentious random or fixed effect models. For the current meta‐analysis, 29 examinations spanning from 2006 to 2022 were included, encompassing 11 181 people who had instrumented SS. Intrawound management had a significantly lower deep SSI when using vancomycin (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.25–0.44, p < 0.001) and povidone‐iodine as intrawound management (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13–0.42, p < 0.001) compared to control in instrumented SS subjects. The data that was looked at showed that using vancomycin and povidone‐iodine as intrawound management had a much lower deep SSI than using a control group of instrumented SS subjects. However, given that some studies included a small number of subjects, attention should be given to their values.
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I know that 'i.e.' is an abbreviation of 'that is'. But, my question is about pronouncing it perhaps,
 1. in normal speech,
 2. reading from a piece of text containing the abbreviation, etc.
In the US, most people (I have interacted with) pronounce 'i.e.' by uttering the two letters 'I' and 'E'. So, it would sound like 'eye ee'.
However, I have heard very few Americans say 'that is' instead of 'eye ee'. I have observed this when I saw them read a piece of text like a news article. It's like they replaced 'i.e.' with 'that is' in the text and then, read it.
How common is the latter pronunciation in the US? How is 'i.e.' said in the rest of the English-speaking world?
 - I believe that the audience of the orally delivered text plays a role in whether or not "eye ee" is readily understood. In any event, though I would be inclined to say "eye ee", I would not plow right through it, I'd put a pause in my reading before and after saying "eye ee" as if to announce the subsequent text. – Kristina Lopez Jul 5 '13 at 21:20
 - 1
 Possible duplicate of this: english.stackexchange.com/questions/574/… – Kaiser Octavius Jul 5 '13 at 21:38
In normal speech, I would say "that is." I would not say "eye ee" for a couple of reasons.
 - The audience may not actually know what "eye ee" means.
 - It could be ambiguous because another term IE could mean something other than "that is". Consider a speech about web browsers. The audience would not know what you are referring to when you say "eye ee". Is that i.e. or is that Internet Explorer? The audience can probably come to the conclusion of which one it is, but for clarity, you should say "that is".
 - Public speakers do not usually say i.e., so you should follow that convention.
While reading i.e. from text, I still say "that is." It is the same with e.g., I would say "for example." However, it is not incorrect to say "eye ee" since you, yourself know what the context is, it is fine.
To summarize, it is very common to say "that is". If you are reading aloud to listeners who are unable to see the text, I would recommend saying "that is" to avoid any ambiguity. If they can see the text and clearly know that you are conveying the abbreviation i.e, you can say "eye ee". If you prefer, you can say the full latin: id est
 - Yeah, you never say "i.e." as letters; you say it as the words it means: that is. – tchrist Jul 5 '13 at 21:22
 - 1
 For e.g., I usually say the latin: exempli gratia. – rcollyer Jul 5 '13 at 22:52
[disclaimer: I can't speak for the US, so I'll go with the "rest of the world" department]
I read "i.e." as eye ee as well, if I have to, but most often I just say "that is", because i.e. stands for id est and you know the rest.
The reason why I'd avoid "eye ee" is because:
 1. it might be misheard or not understood properly (you never know)
 2. someone might not know what it stands for
 3. "that is" is equally correct (it's why the i.e. is there for, anyway), and clearer
 - Technically, he didn't ask what you would do. He asked how common it is. – GEdgar Jul 5 '13 at 20:46
 - 1
 And what, he expected me to have the results of a survey? The closest you can get is personal statements and see where the average falls. – Corina Jul 5 '13 at 21:17
 - Um, no. One pronounces i.e. as "that is". – tchrist Jul 5 '13 at 21:21
 - Oh dear, are you still butthurt, tchrist? – Corina Jul 5 '13 at 21:58
Your Answer


text:
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF ARIZONA
Powers/Dewalt Masonry Anchors Presentation Highlights
1. Engineers must remember proper detailing and understanding of masonry fastening
2. Standardization of CMU blocks (ASTM C90- Closed end Block – 8x8x16, most common type of CMU in modern construction) allows us to also standardize anchors.
3. As discussed in opening example, interior edges can create an issue because mortar is only applied at the edge of the blocks (air void between blocks, at head joints – even for fully grouted walls).
4. Way to avoid this problem with closed ended blocks and the air voids is by using open ended blocks such as A or H blocks.
a. Problem with open ended block is can't use for partially grouted walls and they are fragile
b. Benefit – blocks can be slid between rebar rather than placed over top
5. CMU: block, mortar, grout
a. Due to variability in strengths of grout, masonry and mortarthere is high variability in published anchor capacity in CMU:
b. Post Install Anchors have a safety factor of 5 in CMU vs. 4 in concrete
6. Reference document for all things masonry - TMS 402/ ACI 530/ ASCE 5 – Joint committee document
a. No Mention of Post-Installed anchors
b. Need to refer to post-installed anchors research report for guidance/ data/ values
7. Design of Post install anchors: allowable load x edge reductions x temperature reductions (only for adhesives) x short term loading conditions: seismic/ wind
8. Unlike concrete, need to distinguish between edge/ end, - not the same thing.
9. Need to distinguish orientation of shear load relative to edge/ end
10. When anchors tested in CMU, weakest link is almost always the wall. Recommend on site testing for anchorage into masonry
11. Solutions into CMU
a. Expansion Anchors: Dewalt/Powers Power-Stud+SD1: ESR 2966: for attachment into face and top of wall. Cells must be grouted.
i. Pros: Conventional anchor, popular in industry. Approved for both concrete and masonry
ii. Cons: longer installation time, can't remove anchor once installed, high compressive forces in hole require greater edge and on-center spacing
b. Screw Anchors: Dewalt Screw-Bolt+ ESR 3889 For attachment info face and top of wall. Cells must be grouted.
i. Pros: Faster installation than expansion anchors. Smaller edge/ on center spacing than expansion anchors. Approved for both concrete and masonry
ii. Cons: contractors might remove and reuse screw anchor – resulting in reduced anchor strength and compromised integrity of published values
c. Adhesive Anchor: Dewalt/Powers AC100+Gold ESR 3200: For attachment into face and top of wall. Cells may be grouted or hollow.
i. Pros: Smaller edge/ on center spacing than expansion anchors. Approved for both concrete and masonry. Approved for hollow or grouted cells
ii. Cons: longer installation time than mechanical anchors (expansion and screw anchors). Capacity reductions for higher temperatures
iii. Remember: Most adhesives approved for installation into masonry are vinylester acrylics (also known as hybrid acrylics). These types of adhesives cure faster than epoxies (for example: at 86 degrees, the Dewalt/Powers AC100+Gold cures in 25 minutes. TheDewalt/Powers Pure110+ epoxy cures in 8 hours). Vinylester acrylics are also more viscous than epoxies. This is important because when installing into non-grouted CMU, the installer uses a screen tube (which is a meshed tube that holds the adhesive. After the installer inserts the threaded rod/ rebar, the adhesive oozes out of the mesh and creates a bulb – this is what keeps the anchor in place in the block. If you use a conventional epoxy (which tend to be less viscous and more watery, the epoxy will just fall right out of the mesh screen.
PO Box 645, Tempe, AZ 85280
Copyright (c) 2015 by SEAoA


text:
_URL_ Predicting patient survival of high -‐ risk surgeries Despite breakthroughs in surgical safety, some amount of risk will always exist. But for many high -‐ risk surgeries, choosing where to receive care can mean the difference between life and death. Given its potential impact on the health and well -‐ being of employees and their families, the quality of surgical ca re is also critically important to employers. Paying for surgeries through employer -‐ sponsored health insurance plans, these employers want nothing more than their valued workers back on their feet.
The Leapfrog Group, a national employer -‐ driven nonprofit watchdog organization, asks hospitals to report their performance each year and makes this information public, so health care consumers and purchasers can use it to compare hospitals and make the best choice for surgical care. The Leapfrog Hospital Survey focuses on four specific surgical procedures because they are both common and high -‐ risk, and the survival rates for these procedures vary widely across hospitals. Leapfrog calculates predicted survival rates, by hospital, for each type of surgery.


Layer transforms layer-transforms
Transforms are applied to source images and text layers.
The following operations are applied to source images, in the given order, to achieve the desired spatial relationship with layer 0:
 1. Apply crop=, if specified.
 2. Scale based on size= or, if size= is not specified, based on scale=, or, if scale= is not specified, based on res=, or, if res=is not specified, use the full resolution source image.
 3. Apply flip=, if specified.
 4. Apply rotate=, if specified.
 5. Apply extend=, if specified.
 6. Position the layer in the canvas based on origin= and pos= (see below).
The following transforms are applied to text layers:
 1. The text box size is determined by size=, or the text width and height, if size= is only partially or not at all provided. The text is aligned within the text box using the rtf text alignment attributes. Text may be cropped by the text box.
 2. Scale the text content based on the resolution specified with textAttr=.
 3. Apply rotate=, if specified.
 4. Apply extend=, if specified.
 5. Position the layer in the canvas based on origin= and pos=(see below).
For both image and text layers, the last step-positioning the layer in the canvas-does not apply to layer 0, since layer 0 effectively constitutes the canvas.
recommendation-more-help
a26166cd-f2f4-45ce-996d-96a0f0d6cf49


text:
... including targeted forecasts at the time of your arrival to each point!
Cosham, Portsmouth experiences a temperate maritime climate with mild winters and warm summers. Average temperatures range from 5°C (41°F) in the winter to 17°C (63°F) in the summer. The warmest months are usually July and August, with average highs of 21°C (70°F) and lows of 13°C (55°F). The coldest months are usually January and February, with average highs of 8°C (46°F) and lows of 3°C (37°F).
Rainfall is moderate throughout the year, averaging around 630mm (24.8 inches) annually. The wettest months are usually November and December, with around 96mm (3.8 inches) of rain each month. The driest months are usually April and May, with around 40mm (1.6 inches) of rain each month.
Snowfall is rare in Cosham, but it does occur occasionally during the winter months. The coldest months, January and February, typically receive around 2cm (0.8 inches) of snow, but snowfall amounts can vary significantly from year to year.
Overall, Cosham enjoys a pleasant climate year-round and is a great place to visit at any time of the year.
As of 2020, the city population is 13830.
This map shows the current & 7-day weather forecast, weather alerts, and weather radar for Cosham, Portsmouth.


Try to avoid DYNAMIC calls
Link to this posting
Postby Ursego » 19 Feb 2013, 22:27
Don't call functions and events dynamically. Instead, cast to the needed data type (copy the pointer to a variable of the class the called function/event is defined in) and perform a STATIC call.
Usually, that approach makes the code a little bit longer (sometimes requiring a whole choose case block instead of a single line of code), but the advantages, listed below, are more important:
1. Type-safety. A non-existing script will never be called after possible changes in the application in the future. Instead, a compilation error will force developers to find a solution. Solving the problem by checking ClassName() is not very elegant.
2. Clarity to code readers. Developers immediately see the class where the called function exists. In DYNAMIC calls they have to guess or investigate.
Remember that TriggerEvent() and PostEvent() functions perform a DYNAMIC call when the event name is passed to them as a string (not as a value of TrigEvent enumerated data type like Clicked!), so use the dot-notation syntax instead - like dw_main.event ue_after_open() instead of dw_main.TriggerEvent("ue_after_open")).
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text:
The Hydrometeorological Service of the Ministry of Agriculture has predicted that there will be wet as usual to above normal rainfall conditions over most of Guyana for the months May to July 2022. The highest rainfall totals and the possibility of flash floods during this season is expected to peak in May and June.
According to the seasonal forecast issued, rainfall amounts, and frequency are expected to increase as the season progresses.
It was noted that as the season progresses, water levels in the conservancies, reservoirs and rivers across all Regions are likely to increase. The potential of flooding because of rain during this period is also expected to increase throughout May and June 2022.
The highest amount of rainfall can be expected in Regions 3, 7, 8 and 10. However, all other Regions can still expect higher than normal rainfall values.
The temperature outlook suggests that except for some areas in Regions 1 and 10, all other areas can expect cool as usual to cooler (below-normal) night-time temperatures. Warmer than usual (above-normal) day-time temperatures can be expected in northern Regions while cooler than usual in the south.
The bulletin also noted that an increasing number of wet days and wet spells coupled with high tides could lead to water accumulation in Coastal Regions and disruption to transport and possibility of landslides in hinterland areas. Flooding can lead to loss of crops and livestock, contamination of surface water, breeding grounds for mosquitos and the proliferation of waterborne diseases.
The Hydrometeorological Service has recommended the continued maintenance of drainage infrastructure as the country transitions into the wet season and has urged farmers to take all necessary precautions to secure their crops and livestock.
The Hydrometeorological Service will provide updates to its seasonal forecast as new information becomes available and recommends that special attention be paid to short-range forecasts provided to plan daily farm activities.
For short-range forecasts and weather analyses, stakeholders are advised to follow the daily weather briefs, outlooks and advisories produced by the National Weather Watch Centre or visit _URL_. The forecast desk could also be reached at _PHONE_ or _PHONE_.


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Earth-Moon Center of Gravity
Name: David C.
where is the center of gravity for the earth-moon system,
what effect does this have on the orbit of the earth around the sun?
The center of gravity of the earth-moon system is inside the earth on the
line between the centers of the two bodies. This center of mass proceeds
around the sun in an elliptical orbit.
Richard E. Barrans Jr., Ph.D.
PG Research Foundation, Darien, Illinois
These web sites offer some insight into what appears to be a simple question.
In the crudest approximately the center of gravity of the moon/earth system is
about 2900 km or about 75% of the radius from the center of the earth.
However, things are much more complex than that.
The sun cannot be neglected; in fact it has a large effect on tides. So it
is the sun/moon/earth system that must be taken into account. In addition,
there are at least 10 more drags, wobbles, various wiggles caused by many
sources including the planets, the tidal drag of the oceans, and the fact
that the center of earth rotation changes.... It is all very complicated and
still there are small earth/sun/moon motions for which there is no good
explanation as yet.
Click here to return to the Astronomy Archives
Update: June 2012

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Transcript Typist» search for more Jobs
The role of a Transcript typist is to record the spoken word of people in different contexts be it in parliament, courts of law or television broadcasts using a stenotype shorthand machine, computer or sound equipment. There are usually no tertiary requirements to become a transcript typist; however it is useful to complete a course in machine shorthand, with training on the specific procedures giving to you on the job. Some settings like parliaments might require formal qualifications in English language with particular knowledge of gramma and linguistics. To be successful in this role you will need to have a very fast typing speed, good command of English, good attention to detail and be able to work under pressure in a fast paced environment.


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As I've noted earlier, the amount of grapes a vine produces can have a direct effect on the quality of the grapes produced. If vines are allowed to produce too many grapes, the amount of sugar will be spread among those grapes and diluted too much to make good wine. In Europe, yield rates are legislated for each grape variety in each area. While there are no such laws in the New World, when good wine is the desired product, yield rates must be considered. Yields are usually expressed in weight or in volume. When expressed in weight, the yield will be in tons of grapes per hectare, and when it is in volume it will be hectoliters per hectare.
Here is a list of the different factors that can affect yields:
- The number of vines per hectare.
- The number of buds per vine, determined by pruning.
- The number of shoots, which depends on the soil and climate conditions, and the number of buds per vine.
- The number of clusters per shoot, which described the fruitiness of a vine, and is determined in the spring when the bud forms.
- The number of berries per cluster, which is determined by the flowering process, dependant on the weather during flowering. This is the most unpredictable phase.
- The weight of the berries. This is determined by the grape variety and how much water reaches the vines, either through irrigation or rain. The nutrient supply is also a factor.
- Green harvesting. This is a process in which people will go through the vines and hand-pick out excess bunches of grapes in an effort to reduce yield.
As you can see, there are many factors that influence the amount of yield that will come from a vineyard. Each one of these factors involves a decision on the part of the winemaker, and each of those decisions will increase or decrease the cost of production. Hopefully every decision that increases the cost will result in a better bottle of wine.


text:
Why is the boat not positioned if the VHF is off?
The NMEA output of your GPS is connected to your computer (on a
serial port, a USB-NMEA
adapter) or any other device that allows the computer to
receive NMEA data for positioning the boat on the map using your navigation
software. You also have a VHF DSC which must also receive
the NMEA data to know the position in case of need to trigger a
distress call. Other devices may also be connected to the same
NMEA output of the GPS. You have noticed that if you turn off the
VHF your boat is no longer positioned and your software sends you
an alarm unknown position. In the best case, positioning occurs
from time to time but the position is not refreshed as it should
do every 2 seconds.
This is because the NMEA input of your VHF is not opto-coupled
(isolated) and so it becomes very low impedance when its circuit
is no longer powered (in fact your GPS is trying to power your VHF
with its NMEA output on the entry NMEA of the VHF which of course
can not succeed). The NMEA signal is therefore "overloaded" to
such a level that it becomes unusable by any other device
connected to this output.
The only solution to this problem is the installation of a NMEA
How does a NMEA amplifier work?
A quality NMEA amplifier has a NMEA input that perfectly meets
the specifications of the standard. This input is opto-coupled
(isolated) so that it is completely insensitive to what happens on
the other side of the opto-coupler. It is totally insensitive to a
possible changing of the mass level. The GPS is perfectly
protected against any voltage return that may come from a fault in
a device, wiring, radio-frequency radiation from a wrong tuned
transmitter etc ... On the other side the optocoupled input stage
is a signal calibration stage to rectify the flanks and the level
faults. Finally are the buffers (usually 4, 1 per output). These
buffers will generate the signal that will be sent to the devices.
While respecting the voltage levels of the standard, the buffers
are able to provide much more current than the GPS can provide. It
is now possible to apply this signal to devices whose input
impedance is much lower than the NMEA standard. The buffers being
completely independent, whatever happens on one output can not act
on the others.
The NMEA amplifier AMN010-2:
is a high performance NMEA amplifier. Its powerful, independent
outputs can be used with any device that has an isolated NMEA
input or not, regardless of its input impedance. It has an
auxiliary output and input to couple as many AMN010-2 modules as
needed to achieve the desired number of NMEA outputs without
mobilizing any of the power outputs. Its amplification ratio is
greater than 1000.
the complete information about the NMEA amplifier AMN010-2


text:
- Walk around the ruins of medieval Dunwich. Why are these buildings ruins?
- Look for the signs of the past. Take in the beautiful view. Can you imagine the lost city just out of sight?
- What was life like for the inhabitants of the busy medieval town?
- Borrow our Role Play props and hats to help your children bring the medieval town to life.
- Download our Medieval Role Play plan. Ask us about having Sister Luke, a C13 nun to guide you. Or download our maps to plot what you see on your walk around the sleepy village looking for the traces of a very different past.
- Download our Gingerbread sheet for recording thoughts and sensations.


Why is there a need for CCAI?
 - There are over 40,000 registered lobbyists in Washington, DC. Not one of these lobbyists are working without a bias for children in need of families. Unlike big industries with money, orphaned children do not have a voice on the Hill or a presence in DC. This is exactly the reason CCAI exists. We represent children without families by using our relationship with Congress to ensure that the needs of orphans and foster children are heard.
Is CCAI a lobbyist organization?
 - No, CCAI does not lobby on behalf of any individual piece of legislation or government program. CCAI does not take official positions on issues related to adoption and foster care, but rather seeks to provide policymakers with the resources they need to make informed decisions.
How is CCAI unique?
 - CCAI uses five core programs to connect children and families who have personal experience with adoption and foster care with federal policymakers
- Angels in Adoption
- Foster Youth Internship
- Congressional Resource Program
- National Adoption Day
- 20/20 Vision Program
Why does CCAI focus on Congress?
 - Federal policy makers have three tools that when used to benefit children in need of families, make an immeasurable difference: 1) power to legislate to improve adoption laws, 2) power to convene influential persons and political leaders from around the world, and 3) powerful voice that garners media and public attention.
Is CCAI a government entity?
 - No, CCAI is a private not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization.
How is CCAI funded?
 - To maintain the integrity of the organization, CCAI does not accept any government funding. The work of the CCAI is made possible through the generous support of individuals, corporations, and foundations who share our desire to live in a world where every child has a safe, loving home and a promising future.


text:
Protestantism in Italy
While Catholicism is by far the largest Christian denomination in Italy and the country has more cardinals than any other country in the world, Italy is also home to a significant minority of Protestants. The oldest of the non-Catholic entities, the Waldensian Evangelical Church, is a pre-Lutheran Protestant community (which then adopted Calvinist theology, so that it can be considered the Italian branch of Reformed churches) and is based in some valleys of Piedmont. Since 1975 the Waldensians form a united church with Italian Methodists, who have traditionally had a non-episcopal polity.
The Federation of Evangelical Churches in Italy (FCEI), formed in 1967, comprises all the historical Protestant churches of Italy (including the Waldensians and Methodists, the Lutheran Evangelical Church in Italy, the Baptist Evangelical Christian Union of Italy, and some minor churches), plus two observer members with a large following (the Federation of Pentecostal Churches and the Italian Union of Seventh-Day Adventist Christian Churches).
In the 20th century, Jehovah's Witnesses, Pentecostals, non-denominational Evangelicals, and Mormons were the fastest-growing Protestant churches. Immigration from Western, Central, and East Africa at the beginning of the 21st century has increased the size of these churches, as that of Baptists and Anglicans.
In 2006 Protestants made up 2.1% of Italy's population.
See also
|This Christianity-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
|This Italy-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


Definitions for take apart
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word take apart
Princeton's WordNet
 1. disassemble, dismantle, take apart, break up, break apart(verb)
 take apart into its constituent pieces
 2. dismember, take apart, discerp(verb)
 divide into pieces
 3. analyze, analyse, break down, dissect, take apart(verb)
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
 1. take apart(verb)ɪk
 to separate sth into the pieces it is made of
 She had taken the whole bike apart.
 1. take apart(Verb)
 to dismantle something into it's component pieces.
 2. take apart(Verb)
 to soundly defeat someone, or a team
 3. take apart(Verb)
 to criticise someone
 4. take apart(Verb)
 to move someone away from others to be able to talk to, or give them something in private.
Translations for take apart
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
take apart
He took the engine apart.
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people of color | WAMC
people of color
Book cover for "Black Girl, Call Home"
It is National Poetry Month and we talk this morning with poet Jasmine Mans about her new collection: "Black Girl, Call Home." The collection explores the intersection of race, feminism, and queer identity. It is a deeply emotional and personal ode to the places we come from, and a piercing meditation on identity.
Mans caused a stir when a video of her performing her poem "Footnotes for Kanye" went viral on YouTube. Since then, she has continued to build a following through her live performances at venues like the Kennedy Center and Broadway's New Amsterdam Theater and on stages across the country,
Her new book "Black Girl, Call Home" is inspired and informed by her own life and offers an important perspective on the world we live in. Poems from the collection have been featured by Elle and O, The Oprah Magazine, part of the national dialogue about issues and events that deeply affect people of color.
The new book "400 Souls" is a unique one volume community history of African Americans. The editors Ibram X. Kendi and Keyshia Blaine have assembled 90 brilliant writers, each of whom takes on a five year period of that 400 year span.
The writers explore their periods through a variety of techniques: historical essays, short stories, personal vignettes, and fiery polemics. They approach history from various perspectives. Through the eyes of towering historical icons are the untold stories of ordinary people through places laws and objects.


text:
Subscribe Free! to the DigiFreq Pro Audio and Music Technology Newsletter
Numerous studies, including one released last month by University of Louisville researchers, indicate that learning to play the piano as a preschooler sets a child up for later academic success. And now "Piano For Preschoolers" has introduced a new way for parents to teach their children the piano - complete with a Casio(R) keyboard.
Developed by Angie Crellin, a mother of two who has studied the piano for over 30 years, "Piano For Preschoolers" uses color-coded notes printed on a traditional musical staff to teach songs preschoolers already love, like "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star." A corresponding color strip sits behind the piano's keys and guides the child to the correct key for each note.
Crellin came up with the "Piano For Preschoolers" concept when her son, a preschooler at the time, expressed interest in playing the piano. Crellin's daughter had done the same several years before, but she had quickly lost interest once Crellin introduced popular beginning piano books to the lessons. Not wanting the same thing to happen with her son, Crellin decided to create a program that was fun for children and easy for parents to teach. Hundreds of hours of research later, she had "Piano For Preschoolers."
"The results were amazing," said Crellin. "My son loved playing real songs he recognized and couldn't wait to learn more. But the truly remarkable thing was that my preschool son started helping my second-grade daughter with her math homework."
Crellin's results correspond to those obtained by Dr. Frances Rauscher of the University of Wisconsin and Dr. Gordon Shaw of the University of California. The researchers, who have long studied the connection between math and music, compared the effects of musical and nonmusical training on preschoolers' intellectual development. They found that preschoolers who received piano or keyboard training performed 34% higher on tests measuring spatial-temporal ability than did other preschoolers. Those who received piano or keyboard training could think in pictures and see the pictures moving or changing shape over time - a crucial skill for later success in mathematics, science and engineering.
But the pint-sized students of "Piano For Preschoolers" don't care about all that. Most are just having fun playing for rapt audiences of parents and grandparents.
"The 'Piano For Preschoolers' program really seems to be boosting children's self-confidence," said Crellin. "Customers report their preschoolers are practicing the piano with no prompting from the parents. And that's really the key. No four-year-old will stay motivated to learn if she isn't having fun."
The entire "Piano For Preschoolers" system is $129.95 plus shipping. It includes: a music book of 17 familiar songs written in color-coded notes; the durable color strip to set behind the piano keys; a parent/teacher guide with step-by-step instructions for each lesson; and a free Casio(R) SA-75 electronic keyboard.
For more information: _URL_


Clinical Offerings
The NJGEC provides several rich opportunities for students/trainees to gain clinical experience and expertise in geriatrics throughout their tenure at RowanSOM. Osteopathic medical students, interns, residents, and fellows train with a multidisciplinary group of faculty preceptors across the continuum of care; training is conducted in the following geriatric settings:
There are elective opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students from other disciplines to complete clinical preceptorships in geriatrics, available upon request. The NJGEC has trained an interdisciplinary audience of elective students, including those in the fields of psychology, nursing, social work, nutrition, physical therapy, and dentistry.
NJISA Education


Did John leave the island of Patmos alive?
Specifically, are there any Bible verses that mention his fate?
Revelation 1:9
Clarify Share Report Asked September 18 2014 Mini Sue Green
Open uri20150711 11373 dvqsks Steve clonts
The Revelation was received on the Lords day by John on the isle of a Patmos(Rev. 1: 9-10), off the coast of Asia, not far from Ephesus. The exact date is not known.
He was one of the Twelve; son of Zebedee and brother of James. In his early life he was s fisherman. He was one of the inner circle of three who were at the raising of Jairus daughter, at the Transfiguration, and in Gethsemanane. In his own Gospel he refers to himself as "the disciple whom Jesus loved". There at frequent references to him at the crucifixion and resurrection. In Acts he appear s but seldom (acts 3:1, 11;4: 13;8:14) Paul refers to his meeting with him in Jerusalem (Gal. 2:9). In Rev. 1:9 jog tells of his banishment to Patmos. After which the Bible is silent about his whereabouts.
It's interesting to note that the last five verses of Saint John make reference to the other disciples believing that John should not die (John 21:23) yet Jesus said not unto him, He shall not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee?
According to Wikipedia, John was placed on Patmos due to Christian persecution under the Roman Emperor Domitian. There's also a tradition that the Emperor had boiled him in oil and he received no harm. At which point he was banished to Patmos. There's also tradition that when the Emperor died he's successor released him and he went to Ephesus. However, if you look to the Bible for Johns whereabouts. It ends at Patmos.
September 22 2014 0 responses Vote Up Share Report
Mini Juliette Ingram
I for once agree with the tradition or "hearsay."
In Revelation 11:10 the angel that released the book to John (to eat) informed John that he (John) must prophesy "again" before many peoples, and nations, and tongues, and kings. Could it be that John's ministry account ends with Revelation?
It may be "possible" that John is one of the "two" witnesses during tribulation? (John 21:23) yet Jesus said not unto him, He shall not die; but, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee?
August 30 2020 0 responses Vote Up Share Report
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text:
Mount Moriah Cemetery Research
The Friends of Moriah Moriah have access to the records that were left behind in the office building when the cemetery was abandoned. They are housed off-site, and are not directly accessible to the public.
Due to the size and condition of the cemetery, we do not offer a photography service.
About the Records
- Details on burials from the last few years before the cemetery closed in April 2011 are scarce. We are usually unable to provide grave locations for 2010 and 2011.
- The records usually contain name, burial date, section and lot. They sometimes offer the deceased's approximate age and cause of death. There is no other genealogical information available in the records, and we cannot tell if a headstone or marker is present.
- If your ancestor was moved from another cemetery to Mount Moriah, we cannot search by the original death date. Researchers need to provide the date of re-burial at Mount Moriah.
- In most cases, we are unable to provide details on who purchased a lot.
- There are maps of the cemetery and of most individual sections. For sections without maps, we are unable to pinpoint exact grave locations, as we do not have a reference for where the rows, divisions, or lots are oriented.
We estimate there are nearly 200,000 burials on the nearly 200 acre property. Because there is not a complete index of all burials, please contact us with a detailed request including the first and last name of the deceased, and date of death (day, month, and year).
If you are unsure of a death date, or need to confirm burial at Mount Moriah before requesting a lookup, there are a variety of options.
Pennsylvania Death Certificates (_PHONE_)
Pennsylvania residents can access the PA death certificates online for free. Follow the instructions on this page for access, which requires creating a free ancestry.com account. Those with ancestry.com subscriptions can view the death certificate collection after signing in to the website.
Burial Records at Ancestry.com
Those with a paid ancestry.com account can access a limited set of Mount Moriah Cemetery records. In most cases, you will get the section and plot information from these records. Use Ancestry's Pennsylvania and New Jersey Church and Town Records set found via the Card Catalog. Not all records are available via ancestry.com, but this is a good resource.
Pennsylvania Death Records
FamilySearch offers a variety of Philadelphia records, including death certificates. The collections are accessible with a free user account.
See if your ancestor is already listed on the free findagrave.com website. This is a collaborative website for cataloging the final disposition of the deceased. The Friends of Mount Moriah do not manage the listings here.


text:
GeoIO lib is a simple geometry library that encapsulates the drawing of various geometrical entities (like lines, circle, arc, text etc), storing them in a list with support for undo/redo operations. There is a sample application called Cad2D attached which exposes some of the basic drawing and serilaization functionality of the GeoIO library.
Couple of developers/programmers have come across a situation to develop simple application to draw 2-Dimensional geometry entities. However they are blocked due to many reasons like lack of time, unwilling to explore OpenGL, develop the module from base etc. The MFC set of classes (
DeviceContext) gives some good functionality to draw simple entities like lines, circles, rectangles etc, but a first timer may take sometime to learn, understand and experiment it. GeoIO library has encapsulated the complete functionality of MFC into set of core geometry classes. All that you have to do is add this module into your project and start with it. The module also supports drawing, dragging operation OnMouseMove handler and serialization.
Using the code
GeoIO is simple MFC DLL. Add this as dynamic-linked or static-linked to your project. Initially the usage of this module might look difficult, but once you read the below fundamental concepts you should sail through easily. Open the sample project Cad2D (SDI MFC application) which uses GeoIO to draw 2D basic geometry objects. Please explore this sample project to learn and understand the usage of GeoIO.
NOTE: The project has.vcproj and.vcxproj files so it should open in VS2010 and earlier versions of Visual Studio.
Geometry classes in GeoIO:
CPrimitive - the principle base class for all the below mentioned classes.
CGeoArc - class to draw and serialize an arc
CGeoCircle - class to draw and serialize a circle
CGeoLine - class to draw and serialize a line
CGeoPolybezier - class to draw and serialize a polybezier
- class to draw and serialize a polygon
CGeoRectangle - class to draw and serialize a rectangle
CGeoText - class to draw and serialize a string
Note: Some drawing logic have been inspired from various online articles.
CEntityList - class to hold objects of
CLayerList - class to hold objects of
CLayer - class stores an instance of
CLayer object is identified by a layer ID.
So, in your application follow the below procedure:
CLayer *pLayer = new CLayer(); CPrimitive *pEntity = new CGeoLine(); pEntity->m_StPnt = CPoint(10, 10);
pEntity->m_EndPoint = CPoint(100, 100); pEntity->m_clr = RGB(255, 255, 255); pLayer->AddEntityToLayer(pEntity);
OnDraw(CDC *pDC) method of your window class, call the
Also note that in the example above I have hard-coded the
pEntity->m_EndPnt to some random
CPoint values. Ideally this should be done in the
OnLButtonDown handler which gives you the
CPoint data as a parameter.
Concept of layers
In your application, you can create 'N' number layers and maintain them in the
CLayerList class. In the
OnDraw() method of your window class, you can select which
CLayer to be drawn. If you wish to draw all the layers then iterate each layer in the
CLayerList and then call
DrawLayer() method of the
Initial upload: 14 July


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P2P are the most popular resource sharing systems in Internet environment. The designing of P2P overlay network topology and application systems is the current study focus. With the advantages of scalability and reliability, P2P architecture is suited for applications which have a mass of participants and is used by more and more domain applications. By exploring features of mobile devices and characteristics of mobile users, in this paper we proposed a novel P2P system - NUMP2P, which is developed for mobile resource consumers. With a hybrid P2P architecture, overlay network of NUMP2P spans Internet and mobile wireless network, which has a two-level architecture. The structured DHT-based P2P level resolves the resource location and contributes the scalability. Edge-peers in NUMP2P, which reside at the margin P2P level, are divided into two unequal categories by their different role and function. In addition, in order to reduce the mobile device online time, agent and cache techniques are integrated into NUMP2P. The simulation examination results show that NUMP2P enables flexible and seamless communications for mobile devices in P2P networks.


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Gary Feld has this story by Lewis Jaffe:
One of his slides started out as a question. "If there are five frogs on a log and four decide to jump off, how many frogs remain on the log." Of course – the instinctive answer of "one" is wrong. Five frogs actually remain on the log, as deciding to jump and jumping are different things.
In an entrepreneurial context, intentionality is important, but results are what really matter. Lewis reinforced this in a memorable way – as the point he was making is "just because you decide, doesn't mean you do." He stressed that one of the main problems he sees early in his tenure as CEO of a company that is failing is paralysis – everyone has ideas about what to do, but no one is willing or able to do them.
Remember – just because a frog decides to jump, doesn't mean he will. Be careful not to confuse intentionality with results in your business (or your life.)


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Measure Volume and Area reports the total surface area and enclosed volume of a surface model. To measure individual disconnected blobs within a single surface model, use Measure and Color Blobs instead. These tools compute surface area and enclosed volume from surface triangles rather than analytically. See also: measure, Area/Volume from Web, CASTp Data
Note that when a molecular surface is generated, the total analytical solvent-accessible and solvent-excluded areas are automatically reported in the Reply Log, and the values per atom and residue are assigned as attributes named areaSAS and areaSES.
There are several ways to start Measure Volume and Area, a tool in the Surface/Binding Analysis and Volume Data categories (including from the Volume Viewer Tools menu).
The surface of interest should be chosen from the Surface menu. The surface area and enclosed volume are reported in the dialog and written to the Reply Log. Values reflect the physical units of the data, usually Å3 for volume and Å2 for area.
Surfaces are composed of triangles. Anything that changes the positions of the vertices in a surface will change its area and enclosed volume, for example:
Clipping and hiding are ignored. The calculation uses the full surface, even if part of it is hidden by clipping planes or zoning (with Surface Zone or zoning in Volume Viewer).
Surface holes. The volume enclosed by a surface with holes is calculated by assuming each hole has a planar cap. These caps are not displayed or included in the surface area determination. The number of holes is reported, as planar caps may not represent missing data very well. Multiscale Models surfaces should never have holes. Holes in a contour surface from Volume Viewer may occur at the boundary of the data, but by default these will already be covered with planar caps. Such boundary caps will be included in the surface area calculation and will not be reported as holes.


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Chemistry LibreTexts
15.5: Esters - Structures and Names
 - Page ID
 16029
 - Skills to Develop
 - Identify the general structure for an ester.
 - Use common names to name esters.
 - Name esters according to the IUPAC system.
 Esters have the general formula RCOOR′, where R may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and R′ may be an alkyl group or an aryl group but not a hydrogen atom. (If it were hydrogen atom, the compound would be a carboxylic acid.) Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) shows models for two common esters.
 15.4.jpg
 Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): The Structure of Esters. Esters feature a carbon-to-oxygen double bond that is also singly bonded to a second oxygen atom, which is then joined to an alkyl or an aryl group. The esters shown here are ethyl acetate (a) and methyl butyrate (b).
 Esters occur widely in nature. Unlike carboxylic acids, esters generally have pleasant odors and are often responsible for the characteristic fragrances of fruits and flowers. Once a flower or fruit has been chemically analyzed, flavor chemists can attempt to duplicate the natural odor or taste. Both natural and synthetic esters are used in perfumes and as flavoring agents.
 Fats and vegetable oils are esters of long-chain fatty acids and glycerol. Esters of phosphoric acid are of the utmost importance to life.
 Names of Esters
 Although esters are covalent compounds and salts are ionic, esters are named in a manner similar to that used for naming salts. The group name of the alkyl or aryl portion is given first and is followed by the name of the acid portion. In both common and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature, the -ic ending of the parent acid is replaced by the suffix -ate (Table \(\PageIndex{1}\)).
 Table \(\PageIndex{1}\): Nomenclature of Esters
 Condensed Structural Formula Common Name IUPAC Name
 HCOOCH3 methyl formate methyl methanoate
 CH3COOCH3 methyl acetate methyl ethanoate
 CH3COOCH2CH3 ethyl acetate ethyl ethanoate
 CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 ethyl propionate ethyl propanoate
 CH3CH2CH2COOCH(CH3)2 isopropyl butyrate isopropyl butanoate
 Table 15.3.jpg ethyl benzoate ethyl benzoate
 Example \(\PageIndex{1}\)
 Give the common and IUPAC names for each compound.
 1. Ex 5 1.jpg
 2. Ex 5 2.jpg
 SOLUTION
 1. The alkyl group attached directly to the oxygen atom is a butyl group (in green).
 Ex 5 Ans 1.jpg
 The part of the molecule derived from the carboxylic acid (in red) has three carbon atoms. It is called propionate (common) or propanoate (IUPAC). The ester is therefore butyl propionate or butyl propanoate.
 2. An alkyl group (in green) is attached directly to the oxygen atom by its middle carbon atom; it is an isopropyl group. The part derived from the acid (that is, the benzene ring and the carbonyl group, in red) is benzoate. The ester is therefore isopropyl benzoate (both the common name and the IUPAC name).
 Ex 5 Ans 2.jpg
 Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)
 Give the common and IUPAC names for each compound.
 1. SB 1.jpg
 2. SB 2.jpg
 Example \(\PageIndex{2}\)
 Draw the structure for ethyl pentanoate.
 SOLUTION
 Start with the portion from the acid. Draw the pentanoate (five carbon atoms) group first; keeping in mind that the last carbon atom is a part of the carboxyl group.
 Ex 6 1.jpg
 Then attach the ethyl group to the bond that ordinarily holds the hydrogen atom in the carboxyl group.
 Ex 6 2.jpg
 Exercise \(\PageIndex{2}\)
 Draw the structure for phenyl pentanoate.
 Concept Review Exercises
 1. From what carboxylic acid and what alcohol can isopropyl hexanoate be made?
 2. From what carboxylic acid and what alcohol can cyclobutyl butyrate be made?
 Answers
 1. hexanoic acid and isopropyl alcohol
 2. butyric acid and cyclobutyl alcohol
 Key Takeaway
 - An ester has an OR group attached to the carbon atom of a carbonyl group.
 Exercises
 1. Draw the structure for each compound.
 1. methyl acetate
 2. ethyl pentanoate
 3. phenyl acetate
 4. isopropyl propionate
 2. Draw the structure for each compound.
 1. ethyl hexanoate
 2. ethyl benzoate
 3. phenyl benzoate
 4. ethyl 3-methylhexanoate
 3. Name each compound with both the common name and the IUPAC name.
 1. Ex 3a.jpg
 2. Ex 3b.jpg
 4. Name each compound with both the common name and the IUPAC name.
 1. Ex 4a.jpg
 2. Ex 4b.jpg
 Answers
 1. Ans 1a.jpg
 2. Ans 1b.jpg
 3. Ans 1c.jpg
 4. Ans 1d.jpg
 1. methyl formate; methyl methanoate
 2. ethyl propionate; ethyl propanoate


Ramsey Muniz Uncategorized
A Grito for the Living Present by Ramsey Muniz
El Grito de Diez y Seis de Septiembre
Once again we celebrate the ultimate importance of this day in our history as a race. We are celebrating the truth of our ancestors who has made it possible for us to express to this world who we truly are and the reasons why freedom and justice continue to be a part of our lives.
It is written and told that Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, during the early morning of September 16, rang church bells and called on our indigenous ancestors of Dolores to rise from oppression, darkness, hunger, and injustice to proclaim to the world the independence of their nation. Sacred destinies from past writings constantly reveal that we as Mexicans, Hispanics, and Latinos would continue to rise until freedom and justice would become a part of our daily lives.
Within a period of months, Hidalgo's people had swelled to 100,000 strong – the largest army raised since the Aztecs (Mexicas), our ancient ancestors who made possible this uprising with hoes, machetes, clubs, outrage, faith, and a most spiritual desire for liberation that no one in the world would take again. In reality it is called the love of liberation.
It is historically written in ancient writings that we as a people and race would continue to rise and take back our God-given freedom and justice. On October 12, shortly after September 16, the battle was joined at Las Cruces, against the strong forces of the Spanish government. The entire world became aware that our people had risen from the ashes of injustice, slavery, oppression, and imprisonment, demanding the return of their land. Hidalgo, announcing for seven months the time to rise, was captured in Chihuaua. He was shot and decapitated by the Spanish government.
Here I remain confined in oppressive prisons maintaining the honor, valor, and courage to share that our history has just begun. Throughout the Southwest we seek political and spiritual power like never before. We witness the confinement and oppression of our sisters and brothers, concluding, as written in our ancient writings, that we would return to our promised land and share "El Grito de Dolores" from our hearts.
It is written that as we seek freedom and justice, the power of our spirituality will be present unlike before in the 21st century. This spiritual power is the rebirth of our search for God-given human rights and land.
Know who you are and what people before you died for. Always remember that our history is far from becoming a thing of the past. It is more alive, more contentious, and demanding than ever. A famous late Hispanic professor once stated, "A living present time cannot exist if the past is dead. Our history is the past, and very much alive in the present."
In exile,
Ramsey Muniz – Tezcatlipoca
By mopress
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Seismic expression of shear zones: Insights from 2-D point-spread-function-based convolution modelling
Cross-cutting reflections from Borborema, Brazil. Credt: Thilo Wrona
Shear zones are common strain localization structures in the middle and lower crust and play a major role during orogeny, transcurrent movements and rifting alike. Understanding seismic signatures of shear zones is critical to recognize and quantify strain in continental rifts and margins. The understanding of crustal deformation depends on the ability to recognize and map shear zones in the subsurface, yet the exact signatures of shear zones in seismic reflection data are not well constrained. To advance this knowledge, the authors of the paper Seismic expression of shear zones: Insights from 2-D point-spread-function-based convolution modelling simulated how three outcrop examples of shear zones would look in different types of seismic reflection data using a 2-D point-spread functions (PSF) based convolution modelling, with PSF being the elementary response of diffraction points in seismic imaging. The study, published on the Journal of Structural Geology, explored how geological properties (e.g. shear zone size and dip) and imaging effects (e.g. frequency, resolution, illumination) control the seismic signatures of shear zones.
Three shear zone networks were mapped in great detail (meter scale) over vast areas (several square kilometers): Holsnøy - Norway, Cap de Creus – Spain and Borborema – Brazil.
The models highlight that the seismic signature of shear zones depends on the complex interaction of a variety of geological and geophysical factors. This study focuses on the effects of two geological elements, aspect ratio and dip of the shear zone, as well as two geophysical aspects, seismic frequency and illumination. Nevertheless, the authors were able to consistently identify three characteristic features of shear zones on the resulting models: multiple, inclined reflections, converging reflections and cross-cutting reflections.
Geometric curvature of shear zones is a useful kinematic indicator, as seismic reflections forming an acute angle with the edge of the shear zone indicate movement towards the junction of reflections. These results will help identifying and mapping shear zones in 2-D and 3-D seismic reflection data, and helps understand the way strain is distributed in the ductile middle and lower crust in different tectonic settings.
To summarize, the authors suggest looking for combinations of subparallel, inclined reflection packages, cross-cutting reflections, and unidirectional reflection junctions to identify shear zones in seismic reflection data.
Read more about it in the paper: Wrona, T., Fossen, H., Lecomte, I., Eide, C.H., Gawthorpe, R.L., Seismic expression of shear zones: Insights from 2-D point-spread-function-based convolution modelling, Journal of Structural Geology (2020), doi: _URL_


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What is wrong with my fruit trees?
On a recent walk around the fruit at Saughton I noticed that two of the plants had things wrong with their leaves. Some of the currants had raised red distorted patches and a couple of pear trees (interestingly just the Doyenne du Comice variety) had leaves with yellow blotches. I had no idea what was wrong or whether either were contagious, life threatening (to the tree!) or simply cosmetic. Photos were dispatched for advice to George Anderson, the Caley fruit guru, and also Chris Macefield of The Orchard Project, the charity that had supplied the fruit for the park. Unsurprisingly they came up trumps and my worries about these common issues were allayed.
The pest on the redcurrant is Currant Blister Aphid ( Cryptomyzus ribis). It can affect red, white and black currants and while it looks unsightly it does not generally affect the plant's vigour or ability to bear fruit. The aphids feed on the young leaves and cause irritation. The leaves react to the aphid feeding sites and create the red raised areas. If you look underneath the leaf the aphids may well be seen. Best thing to do is to nip off the affected leaves and shoot tips and put them in the council bin. Alternatively just tolerate, squish the aphids or encourage aphid predators. The aphids are active in their wingless form from bud burst to July after which they fly off for their summer only to rerun to overwinter on the currants.
The yellow leaf patches on the pear are symptoms of an attack by the Pear Blister Mite (Eriophyes pyri). This is a common pest of pears and whilst it is unsightly it does not generally impact on the tree's health or the quality of the fruit. If the tree is lightly affected the leaves and shoots can be removed but if heavily infested then removal of the leaves will be more damaging to the tree. The removed plant material should be disposed of in the brown bucket rather than in your household compost.
(Sarah Bennett is a Caley member, a member of the Caley Council and leader of The Friends of Saughton Park Community Orchard as well as being a regular volunteer for both the Friends and for The Caley. Watch out for further updates!)


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Leon Godchaux's trek from an illiterate, penniless Jewish immigrant to the "sugar king of the South" began with an insult. In 1837, the 13-year-old Godchaux arrived in New Orleans from the Alsace-Lorraine region of France and began peddling needles, thread and other dry goods at plantations up and down the Mississippi River.
Legend has it that he was chased away from one of the first plantations he visited, in the town of Bonnet Carre, with this angry admonition from a would-be client: "This town is reserved for white people!" The legend also says that when he came back 13 years later with enough money to buy the whole town, Godchaux remembered that rude treatment and decided to change the town's name to Reserve.
Godchaux had already established the Leon Godchaux Clothing Co. on Canal Street at age 21, a department store that would anchor the downtown shopping district for almost a century. After buying farm land in St. John the Baptist Parish, Godchaux would go on to build a sugar empire, with a network of 12 plantations across southeast Louisiana.
Godchaux set up in Reserve what would become the largest sugar mill in the United States, creating a true company town. Narrow-gauge trains powered by small, efficient locomotives brought cane from as far as Raceland to the central plant. Three years before his death, Godchaux owned 30,000 acres of sugar cane fields and produced more than 27 million pounds of refined white sugar a year.


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Why is National Prevention Week important?
Alcohol and illegal drug abuse, prescription drug misuse and mental health problems are widespread issues affecting millions of people. National Prevention Week is a reminder that we can help our communities influence the health and well-being of others. Simple, daily acts of prevention can lead to healthier lives. Our words and actions – like helping a friend make positive choices or supporting a family member in need – can make a difference.
myStrength – A tool to help yourself
A way to take part in National Prevention Week is to use myStrength, a no-cost tool provided to Health Net members. You can access self-help resources that will help you stay mentally and physical healthy. It offers customized in-the-moment mood tracking and instant stress-relief tools that can help achieve lasting, healthy change.
Sign up for myStrength
myStrength can also give you information and ideas about how to talk about behavioral health to friends and loved ones. myStrength is available to Health Net members at any time. Check it out! Log in to healthnet.com and click on the Wellness Center tab to find myStrength. Then click Discover myStrength > Go to myStrength.
Why should I take part?
Anyone and everyone can make a difference. You can talk with youth about substance abuse. You can promote healthy choices and behaviors. Whatever you do, when you choose to participate, you and your community can help to change the life of someone who may be struggling.
Together, let's help raise awareness, for healthier communities, and a healthier you.


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Abstract—This paper designs and implements an augmented reality based game of air hockey. It presents a new approach for playing the game using physical mallets and a virtual puck, with the help of low cost hardware devices. The motivation behind the paper is to provide a similar game experience even after introducing the virtual elements. This is achieved by keeping the mallet in the physical space while tracking it using a real-time camera, providing haptic and auditory feedback, and simulating the dynamics of a real air hockey table. It also provides interesting enhancements like playing the game over a distance and extending the game for more than two players. This also offers a major cost reduction over traditional air hockey.
Index Terms—Games, machine vision, user interfaces, virtual reality.
G. Trivedi is a student at the National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India (e-mail: _EMAIL_).
S. Gupta is a student at the National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India (e-mail: _EMAIL_).
Cite: Gaurav Trivedi and Saket Gupta, "Airhockey on An Interactive Table Top Surface," International Journal of Modeling and Optimization vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 427-431, 2012.


Jobs Near SCC
LocationOrange, CA
Highest Degree OfferedAssociate's degree
Average In-State Tuition$864
Average Out-of-State Tuition$4,800
Santiago Canyon College (SCC) is a diverse learning community dedicated to intellectual and personal growth. Our purpose is to foster a learning environment that helps students develop knowledge and understandingcritical thinkingsound decision makingcultural awarenesseffective communication skillsand a commitment to local and global citizenship. Santiago Canyon College offers a comprehensive curriculum that includes university transferassociate degree and certificate programs. In additionwe provide community servicescareer educationcontinuing educationbasic skills developmentand a range of support services for full and part-time studentsincluding those with family and career responsibilities. At SCC we encourage students to planimplement- and evaluate their educational progress through meaningful reflection and interaction with both the college and community.
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Can I Mix Gesso With Acrylic Paint?
Do I need to gesso a store bought canvas?
If a pre-stretched or bought canvas says it's been primed for acrylics, you don't need to do anything to it, you can start painting on it straight away (with acrylics or oils).
Or even several layers, using some sand paper to smooth the gesso or primer surface if you want..
Can I use paint primer instead of gesso?
Gesso is the same as a primer, as in 'pre-primed canvas'. It is made from a combination of paint pigment, chalk and binder. Traditional Oil 'glue gesso' was made with an animal glue binder, usually rabbit-skin glue, chalk, and white pigment, usually Titanium white.
What do you mix with acrylic paint to make it thinner?
Adding up to 30 percent water to acrylic paint thins it but still allows it to coat a surface. Adding 60 percent or more water creates a watery paint application called a wash. Rubbing a wash into an absorbent surface so that only a hint of the color remains is called a stain.
Is gesso necessary for acrylic painting?
A common question regarding acrylic painting is if you need to use a gesso primer. Technically, you don't. It provides you with a nice, slightly more absorbent surface to work on, especially if your working on board or raw canvas, but for a pre-primed canvas it's unnecessary.
What is the difference between gesso and gel medium?
Paper texture Using clear gesso on the paper will give a grittier texture than gel medium. … Medium will dry with a smoother texture but you can still use oil pastels over it, but they somewhat "slide" on the medium. Gesso has a grittier texture that is more suited to dry pastels and oil pastels.
Should I wet my canvas before painting?
If you don't do this, you'll end up with rivulets of water running down your canvas and ruining your painting. If you use acrylic paint as a watercolor, by adding water to the paint before applying it to your canvas, you won't need to worry about disturbing the effect once it has dried.
What is the difference between gesso and primer?
"Primer" is the name used to denote a lead-white-in-oil ground used for oil paintings. … So "gesso" refers to the water based grounds, that is, the traditional hide glue/calcium carbonate or the modern acrylic polymer variety, while "primer" is the name reserved for an oil based ground for oil painting.
Is clear or white gesso better?
The word "gesso" is Italian for chalk or plaster. … We think higher proportions of pigment and calcium carbonate make original, heavy-bodied white gesso the ideal choice for thicker, fatter oil paint, but Clear Gesso works great for most applications.
How many layers of gesso should I use?
two coatsIt is recommended to apply at least two coats of Gesso to any surface, but especially when painting on canvas or linen. The first coat will penetrate the support and reduce the likelihood of paint de-lamination. The second coat bonds with the first layer and begins to even out the surface.
Can you use gesso as a medium?
Gesso is an important art supply that is used to get your canvas ready for painting. It is very similar to white acrylic pain, but has a much greater versatility. … You can apply a layer of gesso on fabric, burlap, paper, wood and you can then paint on it with acrylics! The possibilities are endless!
Is Mod Podge the same as gesso?
No, it's very different. Mod Podge is a sealer and an adhesive. Gesso is more like a primer. It's a heavy acrylic=type paint that is used as a base coat for paper, canvas, and other porous surfaces.
What is the difference between acrylic paint and gesso?
Gesso is very similar to white acrylic paint, only thinner. It dries hard, making the surface more stiff. Gesso prepares (or "primes") the surface for painting, making the surface slightly textured and ready to accept acrylic paint. Without gesso, the paint would soak into the weave of the canvas.
Can I add gesso to acrylic paint?
When you add gesso to your acrylic paint, you'll achieve a matte or, depending on the ratio of acrylic paint to gesso, a satin finish. Often the first layers of my paintings, although painted with acrylic, are applied in a very fluid and thin manner, much like watercolor.
What can I substitute for gesso?
What are the alternatives to gesso? You can prime a canvas with acrylic mediums, clear gesso, or rabbit skin glue. If you work with acrylics, you can also paint directly on raw canvas without priming it first. Oil paints require a primer to protect the canvas from the linseed oil found in oil paints.
Can you use gesso as a primer?
If it is wooden, it will reliably accept gesso as a primer. You should apply at least 2 – 3 coats of gesso to any wooden support. If you want a smooth surface, you can lightly sand the gessoed wood with a fine-grit sandpaper in between each coat of gesso. … After that dries you can then prime the surface with gesso.