text:
In my previous post, I showed how to customize a list form without losing all the built-in SharePoint functionality. At the heart of my approach was harnessing SharePoint's own template rendering mechanism, the details of which I'm going to dive into now.
If you've ever used any of the template-based controls in ASP.NET (GridView, Repeater, DataList, etc.), then you've already touched on the core concept. For example, the Repeater control provides various templates (header, footer, item, alternating item, etc.) that allow you to control what content is rendered at different points during the rendering process. Typically you'll provide markup for the control on your page like so:
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Name") %>
Each template you provide in the page markup is loaded by the ASP.NET runtime and exposed through the ITemplate interface which has a single method with the following signature:
void InstantiateIn(Control container)
With the templates loaded, all the Repeater control has to do to instantiate a new row of data is call this method passing in the appropriate container. New instances of any contained ASP.NET controls will be instantiated and processed through the usual ASP.NET control lifecycle.
Now switching back into the SharePoint world, if you look in the C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\12\TEMPLATE\CONTROLTEMPLATES folder, you will see a number of user control files (*.ascx) most of which contain very standard looking user control content. However, the largest of these files (DefaultTemplates.ascx) is a bit different and since it is at the heart of SharePoint's template rendering mechanism, it is the one I am focusing on. If you open up the file you will see that it contains nothing but instances of the control. Each RenderingTemplate control instance has a unique ID and a single child element. When SharePoint starts up, it parses all files in this folder and makes all the templates it finds easily accessible through the static GetTemplateByName method of the SPControlTemplateManager class.
In my last post, I showed a web part that exposes a Template ID setting that is used as the basis for its rendering. Instead of overriding one of the web part rendering methods like Render or RenderControl, I am overriding the CreateChildControls method. I simply create an instance of SharePoint's TemplateContainer control, provide its template by loading the template specified in the web part's Template ID setting, add the TemplateContainer instance to my web part's Controls collection. ASP.NET does the rest. Here's the snippet of code I am referring to:
// Initialize template container with our custom templatetemplateContainer = new TemplateContainer();templateContainer.Template = SPControlTemplateManager.GetTemplateByName(RenderingTemplateId);...// Add the container to the webpart control hierarchyControls.Add(templateContainer);
There's a lot in that template that I could discuss, but the part I want to focus on is the ListFieldIterator on line 16 as this is where all the field rendering occurs.
Before we dive in, you first need to understand that the context under which the page is running in SharePoint is key in defining the behavior of the ListFieldIterator. When you reassign a particular page as the "Edit" form for a list, you'll notice that the URL in the browser carries this context to the page when it loads. For example, in my "Edit Test Center" page example from my first post, the URL that SharePoint uses to launch the edit page with context looks like this:
SharePoint uses the ID and List parameters to establish the context for the page, and exposes this via the SPContext class. This class has a plethora of information about the current SharePoint context including the list (SPList), the current item (SPItem), and the most importantly for our purposes now, the field definitions (SPField) for the underlying list.
Using this context, the ListFieldIterator iterates through the fields, creating new TemplateContainer controls and adding them to its Controls collection. Importantly, it assigns the FieldName and ControlMode properties. The FieldName is used later in the process by SharePoint to determine (based on the corresponding SPField instance) what kind of control should actually be rendered. The ControlMode property is used to indicate whether the control is in New, Edit or Display mode, which the ListFieldIterator assigns based on the value of its own ControlMode property.
Once it has created the TemplateContainer control, the template container needs a… you guessed it… template to contain. Since the ListFieldIterator class overrides the DefaultTemplateName property to return "ListFieldIterator", this is the template that is loaded for each field. Looking in the DefaultTemplates.ascx file, this template looks like this:
When this template is evaluated and constructed, the CompositeField control simply overrides DefaultTemplateName to first check whether the control mode is SPControlMode.Display and returns either "DisplayCompositeField" or "CompositeField". The "CompositeField" template looks like this:
When the FieldLabel control is created (which also inherits from FieldMetadata), it obtains the current SPField through the inherited Field property (which again in this case climbs the control hierarchy to the CompositeField, then to the TemplateContainer control as described above). Then depending on the ControlMode (whether for Display or not) and the field's Required property in the list definition, it uses one of three templates: FieldLabelForDisplay, FieldLabelRequired, or FieldLabelDefault.
The most interesting of these three is the FieldLabelRequired template which includes the markup necessary for rendering the familiar little red asterisk next to the label. It looks like this:
 *
When the control is rendered by ASP.NET, it pulls the "Title" field value (as defined in the PropertyName attribute of the markup) from the current SPItem and renders it. (NOTE: If you look in the DefaultTemplates.ascx file you will see that the FieldProperty control is used quite frequently to render various properties of fields. You can see an example of this in the HTML comments generated by the CompositeField template above).
Let's move back now to the second part of the CompositeField template that I want to highlight: the control. In absence of an explicit template or template name, the FormField control uses its associated Field's FieldRenderingControl property to retrieve a template-based BaseFieldControl instance that is capable of rendering UI elements specifically for viewing or editing data for the current field type. It then adds this control to its Controls collection.
For an example, if the current field being rendered is a text field, the Field property will actually return an instance of an SPFieldText which inherits from SPField and overrides the FieldRenderingControl property to return an instance of the TextField template-based control. Since the TextField control overrides the DefaultTemplateName property to return "TextField", the following template is generally used (but not always, as in the case of "Choice" fields):
So finally, when the FormField control is rendered, its child control (the TextField) is rendered, which results in the template listed above being processed and at the end of this very long chain of SharePoint infrastructure… out comes a plain old vanilla ASP.NET TextBox control. Phew!
Now I realize that this is an awful lot to take in, and this post is largely based on notes that I took for myself as I went and traced through all the logic so that I could understand what was going on under the covers. The upshot of it is that once you understand the rendering mechanism SharePoint uses, you can begin to customize your forms using custom templates in ways that used to require a complete departure from the out-of-the-box SharePoint functionality.


Reclaiming the Cowboy Way
Time constraints and mechanization can get in the way of horseback cowboying traditions. A veteran cowboy offers his advice on increasing your riding time, and becoming a better 21st-century hand.
Ranch people, those who own cattle and have a horse or two, often say they'd love to spend more time cowboying their own cattle or maybe helping with their neighbors' herds when the opportunity arises. Such people want to use their horses more, work afoot in the corrals less, count on their roping skills, and work cattle in the open.
They want to cowboy. And they want those around them - family, friends and neighbors - to share the satisfaction of working cattle quietly, efficiently and from the back of a horse.
For horsemen, these reasonable requests are fundamental to healthy souls. The ability to use horses in harmony with the land and cattle, and the people we hold dear, is a liberty few are lucky enough to enjoy.
So, if cowboying is so important to them, why can't they make it happen? The answer is simple: They've lost touch with the Cowboy Way.
For the rest of this article, see the July 2006 issue of Western Horseman.


Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation
GAO Li-thesis_nosignature.pdf - Submitted Version (4MB) | Preview
Gao, Li (2019) Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation. PhD thesis, Victoria University.
Membrane Distillation (MD) is a separation process driven by the vapour pressure difference established across hydrophobic membrane. In order to combine the advantages of conventional MD configurations, Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation (PGMD) modules were developed. The objectives of this study were to systematically evaluate the performance of several new hollow fibre PGMD modules. This study consisted of four components. First of all, the membrane was systematically characterized. The membrane dimension and morphology were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The membrane porosity was measured using the wetting method. The membrane hydrophobicity was determined by measuring the contact angles of the inner and outer hollow fiber surfaces. Finally, Liquid Entry Pressure (LEP) was investigated. Based on the membrane characterization, it was confirmed that the employed hollow fibre membrane was suitable for MD application. Next, a single PGMD module was built with 8 gap channels and 1 hollow fibre within each gap channel. This module was operated in different modes (PGMD, DCMD and SGMD) to compare their performance. The results showed that the maximum flux of hollow fiber PGMD was 27% and 1.6% lower than the maximum flux of DCMD and SGMD respectively. This phenomenon was due to the higher coolant velocity for DCMD and applied air flow in the gap channel for SGMD. The mass transfer coefficient was also used as an indicator to compare performance. For PGMD, the mass transfer coefficient increased initially at the lower feed inlet temperature and then decreased when the feed inlet temperature was higher than 60˚C, which could be attributed to the combined effects of transverse vapor flux and temperature non-uniformity of the bulk flow. On the contrary, the global mass transfer coefficients of DCMD and SGMD decreased slightly as a function of feed inlet temperature. Compared to other studies, our results demonstrated that PGMD has the potential to effectively combine the advantages of different conventional MD processes. Afterwards, we have investigated the impacts of different PGMD module designs on water productivity and energy efficiency. The results showed that module with lower hollow fibre packing density or gap channel density had a higher flux and better energy efficiency, while modules with higher hollow fibre packing density or gap channel density exhibited more energy efficient use of the membrane surface area and higher productivity. Additionally, the module with a more conductive cooling plate had a higher flux and lower Specific Thermal Energy Consumption (STEC), which was mainly attributed to the lower thermal resistance of the cooling plate. Due to the nearly stagnant velocities within the gap and coolant channels, the impact of cooling plate material on PGMD performance was greater than that of hollow fibre packing density and gap channel density. The Gain Output Ratio (GOR) obtained for the hollow fibre PGMD module was relatively low compared to other MD studies, however, the PGMD module performance cannot be assessed purely based on GOR. A trade-off exists between GOR and flux for MD modules, and the flux obtained from our hollow fibre PGMD module was relatively high. Finally, a set of mathematical models were developed to simulate the mass and heat transfers phenomenon in hollow fibre PGMD process. The validated model was employed to evaluate the impacts of important MD design parameters on module performance. The modelling results showed that coolant velocity and coolant temperature had less impact on flux compared to those of DCMD, because the coolant of DCMD contacts with membrane directly. The model also suggested that increasing the cooling plate thermal conductivity resulted in a higher flux. However, when the cooling plate thermal conductivity was higher than 5 W/m.K, further increases in the thermal conductivity of the cooling plate had a negligible impact on flux. A sensitivity study was undertaken to analyze the combined effects of gap channel inner/outer diameters and gap channel thermal conductivity on flux. It is concluded that the gap thermal conductivity played a more important role in PGMD performance compared to the hydrodynamic flow in permeate and coolant channels. To further improve hollow fibre PGMD performance, six recommendations are provided for the future work.
Item type Thesis (PhD thesis)
Subjects Historical > FOR Classification > 0904 Chemical Engineering
Current > Division/Research > College of Science and Engineering
Keywords membrane distillation; permeate gap membrane distillation; scanning electron microscope; liquid entry pressure; hollow fibre membrane; heat transfer; mass transfer
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V7 Ethics and Supplier Code of Conduct Statement
Last modified June 6, 2020
No Previous Versions available
V7 Ltd is committed to the use of artificial intelligence in areas of meaningful and positive impact. We understand that this resource may also be effectively used to cause harm, and that its ultimate application reflects itself onto V7 as a supplier of said resource. It is important for us, both strategically and ethically, to make known the ares where we believe our products may be used against the principles that inspired the founding of this company.
Ethical use of V7 artificial intelligence resources
With limited access to knowing of what customers may use V7's AI resources for, we hereby list a number of application areas where further vetting may be requested before the sale of our products and services can be completed:
 1. Weapons targeting systems.
 2. Surveillance within correctional facilities or detention centers.
 3. Surveillance within locations where privacy is expected.
 4. Surveillance of underage labour, forced labour, or human trafficking.
 5. Impersonation of individuals, whether real or fake, for the purpose of advertising or deception.
 6. Recognition of physical traits for the purpose of targeted discrimination.
 7. The handling or disposal of environmentally damaging waste.
 8. The research or manufacturing of items restricted by the UN CCWC or OPCW CWC.
Customer Vetting
Prospective customers who explicitly indicate or are suspected of lawfully operating within the use cases above may need to supply V7 with additional written information on the intended use of our AI resources. V7 reserves the right, to its discretion, to refuse a sale of our products or services should a prospective customer's reported intended use case fall within these areas without a justified scientific, regulated, investigative, or ethically constructed goal.
Supplier Code of Conduct
Fair Treatment
Suppliers shall commit to a workplace free of harassment. Suppliers shall not threaten workers with or subject them to harsh or inhumane treatment, including sexual harassment, sexual abuse, corporal punishment, mental coercion, physical coercion, verbal abuse, or unreasonable restrictions on entering or exiting company-provided facilities. Suppliers shall prohibit harassment and unlawful discrimination in the workplace.
Prevention of Involuntary Labor and Human Trafficking
Suppliers shall not traffic in persons or use any form of slave, forced, bonded, indentured, or prison labor. This includes the transportation, harboring, recruitment, transfer, or receipt of persons by means of threat, force, coercion, abduction, fraud, or payments to any person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation. All work must be voluntary and workers shall be free to leave work or terminate their employment with reasonable notice. Workers must not be required to surrender any government-issued identification, passports, or work permits as a condition of employment. Suppliers shall ensure that third-party agencies providing workers are compliant with the provisions of the Code and the laws of the sending and receiving countries, whichever is more stringent in its protection of workers. Suppliers shall ensure that contracts for both direct and contract workers clearly convey the conditions of employment in a language understood by the worker. Where workers are required to pay a fee in connection with obtaining employment, Suppliers shall be responsible for payment of all fees and expenses in excess of the amount of one month of the worker's anticipated net wages. Such fees and expenses include, but are not limited to, expenses associated with recruitment, processing, or placement of both direct and contract workers.
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Child labor is strictly prohibited. Suppliers shall not employ children. The minimum age for employment or work shall be 15 years of age, the minimum age for employment in that country, or the age for completing compulsory education in that country, whichever is higher. This Code does not prohibit participation in legitimate workplace apprenticeship programs that are consistent with Article 6 of ILO Minimum Age Convention No. 138 or light work consistent with Article 7 of ILO Minimum Age Convention No. 138.
Juvenile Worker Protections


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Known in the Ojibwe mythology as Jiibayaabooz (also recorded as Chipiapoos or Cheeby-aub-oozoo, meaning "Spirit Rabbit" or "Ghost of Rabbit") or in the Abenaki mythology as Mateguas (Rabbit), this figure is a trickster spirit, and figures prominently in their storytelling, including the story of the world's creation. Depending on the tradition, he was either the second[1] or third son[2] of Wiininwaa ("Nourishment"),[3] a human mother, and E-bangishimog ("In the West"), a spirit father.
Stories regarding Jiibayaabooz/Mateguas are filled with all things mystical and spiritual. While alive, Jiibayaabooz/Mateguas was obsessed with manidoog's and humans' interaction with each other. Through his regular communication with the manidoog through dreams, he taught the humans the importance of dreams and the methods of communication with the manidoog. As with any little brother, he was subjected to Majiikiwis' taunts, but during a dare from his eldest brother, Jiibayaabooz/Mateguas lost his life.
Even in death, his "jiibay" or ghost continued with obsession with the manidoog, and taught the humans the rites and ceremonies of vision quests and purification ceremonies. Basil Johnston, in his book The Manitous: the spiritual world of the Ojibway also adds Jiibayaabooz became the "Chief of the Underworld" and "... he bequeathed the spirit of music, chants, and poetry to the Anishinaubae peoples."
Among the Abenakis, Mateguas from the dead taught his living brother Gluskab the rites and ceremonies of vision quests and purification ceremonies to comfort his grieving brother. This became the core of the Midewiwin rituals that Gluskab then passed onto the humans.
 1. ^ Hodges, p. 2:20
 2. ^ Johnston, p. 37
 3. ^ The Anishinaabeg give the mother's name as "nourishment", but Schoolcraft suggests the name is from the Dakota Winona ("first-born daughter").
 - Benton-Banai, Edward. The Mishomis Book: The Voice of the Ojibway. Hayward, WI: Indian Country Communications, 1988.
 - Hodges, Frederick W. "Nanabozho" in Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, volume 2, pp.19–23. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1910.
 - Johnston, Basil. "Cheeby-aub-oozoo" in The Manitous: the spiritual world of the Ojibway, pp. 37–50. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1995.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have
class Cab(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField( max_length=20 )
 descr = models.CharField( max_length=2000 )
class Cab_Admin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 ordering = ('name',)
 list_display = ('name','descr', )
 # what to write here to make descr using TextArea?
admin.site.register( Cab, Cab_Admin )
how to assign TextArea widget to 'descr' field in admin interface?
In Admin interface only!
Good idea to use ModelForm.
share|improve this question
add comment
6 Answers
up vote 45 down vote accepted
You will have to create a forms.ModelForm that will describe how you want the descr field to be displayed, and then tell admin.ModelAdmin to use that form. For example:
from django import forms
class CabModelForm( forms.ModelForm ):
 descr = forms.CharField( widget=forms.Textarea )
 class Meta:
 model = Cab
class Cab_Admin( admin.ModelAdmin ):
 form = CabModelForm
The form attribute of admin.ModelAdmin is documented in the official Django documentation. Here is one place to look at.
share|improve this answer
For simply replacing a form widget, you don't have to create your own entire form. You can just override formfield_for_dbfield on your ModelAdmin, see my answer below. – Carl Meyer Dec 2 '13 at 20:25
add comment
For this case, the best option is probably just to use a TextField instead of CharField in your model. You can also override the formfield_for_dbfield method of your ModelAdmin class:
class CabAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 def formfield_for_dbfield(self, db_field, **kwargs):
 formfield = super(CabAdmin, self).formfield_for_dbfield(db_field, **kwargs)
 if db_field.name == 'descr':
 formfield.widget = forms.Textarea(attrs=formfield.widget.attrs)
 return formfield
share|improve this answer
is there any downside in this compared to the selected answer? this looks cleaner to implement as we don't need to create a new ModelForm... – Filipe Pina Feb 23 '12 at 10:30
replaced formfield.widget = forms.Textarea() with formfield.widget = forms.Textarea(attrs=formfield.widget.attrs) to keep all attributes automatically generated for the TextField, Thanks! – Filipe Pina Feb 23 '12 at 10:53
I don't know why the other answer is accepted over this one; I think if all you're doing is replacing a widget this is simpler. But either will work fine. – Carl Meyer Feb 23 '12 at 15:20
add comment
Ayaz has pretty much spot on, except for a slight change(?!):
class MessageAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):
 class Meta:
 model = Message
 widgets = {
 'text': forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols': 80, 'rows': 20}),
class MessageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 form = MessageAdminForm
admin.site.register(Message, MessageAdmin)
So, you don't need to redefine a field in the ModelForm to change it's widget, just set the widgets dict in Meta.
share|improve this answer
This does retain more "automatic" properties than Ayaz's answer, but any tip on how to keep the field length validation as well? – Filipe Pina Feb 23 '12 at 10:44
add comment
You can subclass your own field with needed formfield method:
class CharFieldWithTextarea(models.CharField):
 def formfield(self, **kwargs):
 "widget": forms.Textarea
 return super(CharFieldWithTextarea, self).formfield(**kwargs)
This will take affect on all generated forms.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Instead of a models.CharField, use a models.TextField for descr.
share|improve this answer
Unfortunately, max_length= is totally ignored by Django on a TextField, so when you need field length validation (such as letting secretaries enter event summaries) the only way to get it is to use a CharField. But a CharField is way to short to type 300 chars into. Hence the ayaz solution. – shacker Apr 21 '09 at 23:45
Absolutely! Thanks. – Dan Jan 26 '12 at 0:58
This isn't a good answer because it changes the database. The point of changing the widget is to change how the field is displayed, not to change the database schema – omouse Feb 14 '13 at 21:11
add comment
If you are trying to change the Textarea on admin.py, this is the solution that worked for me:
from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.db import models
from django.forms import TextInput, Textarea
from books.models import Book
class BookForm(forms.ModelForm):
 class Meta:
 model = Book
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 form = BookForm
admin.site.register(Book, BookAdmin)
If you are using a MySQL DB, your column length will usually be autoset to 250 characters, so you will want to run an ALTER TABLE to change the length in you MySQL DB, so that you can take advantage of the new larger Textarea that you have in you Admin Django site.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
200 Years. 200 Stories. Story
Lucanus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1763), the iconic Stag Beetle of Eastern State Penitentiary, collected in Cellblock 4, July 1, 2011.
Greg Cowper is more than a curatorial assistant in the Academy's Department of Entomology. He's also the mastermind behind the Specimen exhibit at Philadelphia's Eastern State Penitentiary. Cowper's installation was inspired by an article written by Dr. Henry Skinner, a medical doctor and late 19th-century entomology curator at the Academy. Skinner wrote the article after an encounter with a Penitentiary inmate's insect collection, and Cowper's work expands upon the prisoner's assemblage. The prisoner, who was living in solitary confinement, gathered butterfly and moth specimens during his exercise periods in a narrow, high-walled exercise yard. Following a professional visit to the Penitentiary in 1889, Skinner published a brief report on this "Unique Collecting-Field" in the Entomological News and Proceedings of the Entomological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia in 1890. After revealing that he was "mortified to find a lepidopterist" among the prison's inmates, Skinner noted that the collection covered an impressive 17 butterfly and moth species, some of them quite rare, and one cicada species.
Cowper, emulating the prisoner's methods, returned to Eastern State to build his installation. The specimens are all captured within the walls on penitentiary grounds and encompass more than 300 species of insects and other invertebrates. Enlisting the help of Academy Exhibits Preparator Mike Beers, Cowper houses the collection in a Cabinet of Curiosities crafted from old prison doors, hardware, and cigar boxes (the container of choice for amateur entomologists). The installation has become a natural history performance piece, constantly growing and evolving, as Cowper and penitentiary staff continue to retrieve more insects and other invertebrates. As Cowper delves deeper into the penitentiary's cellblocks, the collection's newest additions represent more than just invertebrates. His latest discoveries include a mummified cat and preserved bird whose appearance echoes the famous Berlin Archaeopteryx fossil—leading Cowper to christen the find Penitentopteryx.
Check out the Entomology Department to learn more about the Academy's exciting insect-related projects, collection, and research.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
How to Build Your Own T Square
The T-square is an instrument used in technical drawing, and is usually used for straight lines. Most commonly used by draftsmen, a number of home improvement hobbyists have decided that they would like to use this device themselves, and it is easily made by combining some household tools with objects that you can make yourself. If you need a T-square in order to complete some technical drawing, you want it for use on your own building project, or you think that this is something you would like to make, then you can get the T-square assembled in a spare afternoon, and use it right away.
Step 1 - Cut Your Wood
The first thing that you will need to do in order to get the best results for your T square is to cut out a block of wood. The finished length should be about half the side of the length of the ruler you will be using, and between two and three inches thick. You will need to make the long side of your block as straight as you can get it, so cutting on a lathe could be the solution. The other side of the block will need to be slightly curved, so that you get the final T shape for your tool.
Step 2 - Make a Hole
In order for the T-square to work, you will need to have a hole in the block large enough for it to slide over the ruler, but still keep in contact. The best way to do this is to make a hole in the middle of the piece of wood, just large enough for the ruler to fit into the hole, but only just, in order to prevent wobbling as you are making the drawing. You can cut the hole with a lathe, or you can make it using a small saw blade.
Step 3 - Slot Together
Take your ruler, and slot it into the hole so that the numbers are facing upwards, and the long half of the upright bar is facing to the right. You can then add a small screw at each end of the ruler, as this will prevent the bar from sliding off again. Blunt the ends of the screws with sandpaper once you have screwed them in, so that you prevent your paper being dimpled when you are using the T-square.
Step 4 - Finishing
Practice moving your ruler up and down the ruler a few times, in order to ensure that you have a good fit, and then rub the surface of the bar with a piece of sandpaper, in order to smooth down the wood and make it usable. If you wish to, you can also varnish this part of the square, although you shouldn't varnish the ruler as this may remove the measurements from the edge, and this would make the square useless.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
zero + -like
zerolike (comparative more zerolike, superlative most zerolike)
 1. (rare) Resembling or characteristic of zero.
 - 2000, Charles Seife, Zero: the biography of a dangerous idea, Volume 3
 The electron is a zero-dimensional object, and its very zerolike nature ensures that scientists don't even know the electron's mass or charge.
 - 1956, Leon Vincent Almirall, From college to cow country
 ...the blinding snow and zerolike atmosphere told us we were at grips with a mountain blizzard.


text:
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) collection of personally identifiable information was hacked 54 times between Jan. 1, 2015, and Dec. 1, 2016, according to an Inspector General (IG) report released last week.
The IG found that FDIC didn't complete key breach investigation activities and didn't notify affected individuals in a timely manner, it didn't document key assessments and decisions, it needs to strengthen controls over its data breach management team, and it didn't track and report key breach response metrics.
"In fulfilling its mission of insuring deposits, supervising insured financial institutions, and resolving the failure of insured financial institutions, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) collects and manages considerable amounts of personally identifiable information (PII)," the IG report said. "Implementing proper controls to safeguard this information and respond to breaches when they occur is critically important to maintaining stability and public confidence in the nation's financial system and protecting consumers from financial harm."
FDIC collects PII about its employees, contractors, and the customers of failed institutions. This information includes names, home addresses, telephone numbers, Social Security numbers, driver's license numbers, Employee Identification Numbers (EIN), and dates and places of birth. FDIC also collects information related to education, finances, medical histories, criminal histories, and employment histories.
FDIC breach response process includes eight stages: establish incident response capabilities in the event of a breach, detect breaches through security scans, report known and suspected breaches to the FDIC Help Desk/Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT), collect facts about the incident and notify internal and external resources, analyze the risk and determine a course of action, notify affected individuals in a timely manner, prepare an incident close-out report, and leverage lessons learned to improve the security process.
However, during the 18 out of 54 breaches that the IG investigated, FDIC didn't notify affected individuals in a timely manner, clearly explain its rationale for determining the risk levels of a breach, effectively oversee data breach management team members, or use performance metrics to measure and assess the effectiveness of key breach response processes. In the examples provided by the IG, it took FDIC 145 to 215 days to notify affected individuals of the breach.
The IG found that the staffing to support breach response activities wasn't sufficient and the employees didn't receive adequate training.
The IG recommended that the CIO:
- Allocate the appropriate level of FDIC resources to ensure that the FDIC can effectively meet its obligations with respect to breach response activities.
- Establish a procedure that requires the FDIC to explain its rationale, in written form, justifying the overall impact levels assigned to breaches.
- Establish a charter for the data breach management team that defines its purpose, scope, responsibilities, membership, governance structure, and operations.
- Develop and use a process for briefing the data breach management team on the final findings of breach investigations and the actions taken in response to recommendations to resolve breach events.
- Provide specialized training for data breach management team members that includes tabletop exercises to ensure they fully understand their roles and responsibilities.
- Establish, track, and report metrics to assess the performance of breach response activities.
- Coordinate with the FDIC chairman to update the chief privacy officer designation to reflect organizational changes made since 2005.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Wednesday, June 22, 2011
Dynamic Schemas in Talend Open Studio
When working with input data from a source like a spreadsheet, which is subject to editing by users, you can't always count on a strict format. For instance, the columns may be reordered. But if the spreadsheet contains column headers that are still accurate, you can map it to a schema using Talend Open Studio.
In Talend Open Studio (TOS), you define schemas to describe the purpose and data types for a source or target. With flat files or spreadsheets, TOS is strict about associating the column position with a particular field definition. If the first field is designated as "First Name" in the File Excel wizard, the input is expected to contain "First Name" in its first field despite what the column header says.
To build a schema on-the-fly, take two passes on the input file. First, record the header information in a data structure to be used in later processing. For each input record, consult the data structure.
 The Talend Exchange has a good example of this in "Example job for the dynamic schema routine" at _URL_ (rbaldwin). The job uses Java Reflection wrapped up in a Talend Routine.
The following job is an alternative example that is identical in its algorithm, but varies in the Java and the set of Talend Components.
A Talend Job Reading a Header Prior to Processing
Algorithm
The file is processed in three stages
 1. Initialize a data structure
 2. Read in and record the header
 3. For each input record, map the fields to the correct schema using the header data structure
The header data structure is a java.util.Map. This is created and associated with the globalMap in a tSetGlobalVar. There are also Java imports in the Advanced settings for java.util.* and java.lang.reflect.*.
The tSetGlobalVar creates the java.util.Map. In the "Basic settings" of the tSetGlobalVar, add an entry with key "fieldMap". This will reference the following object.
 new HashMap<String, String>()
"fieldMap" should be quoted. Don't quote the new command.
Record the Header
The header is read in using a tFileInputDelimited which is configured to stop after the first record (Limit=1). The tFileInputDelimited is based on a loose schema where each field is a type and there is one field for each possible input column. The names of the fields are left generic so that they aren't mislabed if a different column order is used.
A tJavaRow calls the put() method on the header Map. The key of the map is the true field name, taken from the first line of the input file. The value of the map is the corresponding column name. For example, if the first column header is "Field_B" and the first field of the loose tFileInputDelimited schema is "Column0", then Field_B/Column0 is recorded.
Here is the Java Reflection code used in the tJavaRow_3 component. For each field in the input row, record the first line's text (it's only reading in one line) and the column name of the loose schema.
Map<String, String> fieldMap = (Map<String, String>)globalMap.get("fieldMap");
for( Field f : row1.getClass().getFields() ) {
 fieldMap.put((String)f.get(row1), f.getName());
}
Input Processing
The file is processed in a second pass. The same tFileDelimited component is used (same file, same schema). However, the second pass will not use Limit=1, but will use Header=1. This skips the header and reads in the rest of the file.
This job uses a tMap to establish the target schema. The tMap controls the eventual ordering of the columns.
Map Using Dynamic Column Values
 Vars are used to reduce the amount of Java code in the target mapping. Each Var reads in the mapped values of the fieldMap using the target field name as a key. The mapped values are used in the OUT schema.
Video
This is a video walkthrough of the dynamic schema job.
From this example, and rbaldwin's on Talend Exchange, you can see that it's feasible to accept input files where the column order is rearranged. However, you will need to work with Java (or Perl) to extend the standard File Delimited or File Excel wizards.
Update for 5.x
I think there may have been a change in the imports available to Java embedded in Talend components since I wrote this post. I don't have a 4.x around to verify. But to fix this, you have two options.
 1. Fully qualify the Java classes. Replace each "HashMap" with "java.util.HashMap" and each "Map" with "java.util.Map".
 2. Use a tJava to add the imports. See the screenshot below for an job that starts with a tJava leading into the tSetGlobalVar.
Adding Imports to the Job
Troubleshooting
A few comments have mentioned an NPE on the searchFields() method. If you get an error like this
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.lang.Class.searchFields(Class.java:2956)
at java.lang.Class.getField0(Class.java:2975)
at java.lang.Class.getField(Class.java:1701)
at com.bekwam.resignator.ReflTest.main(ReflTest.java:13)
It's from a null being passed into the getField() call. For example,
row1.getClass().getField(null).get(row1)
Another potential problem is "fieldMap". If that String is different than the Map added in the preceding step, then the code that I have in the Var section will throw an NPE.
42 comments:
 1. Thank you very much for this post, it really helped me a lot. I have subscribed to your RSS feed, interesting stuff...
 ReplyDelete
 2. in tjavaRow component
 for(Field f: row1.getClass().getFields())
 what is the code of Field class here, can you please type full code as i am not a java guy so its difficult for me to write it
 mail me at _EMAIL_
 ReplyDelete
 Replies
 1. This is the full Java code for the example. Make sure that you follow the import step described in "Algorithm".
 1. On the tJavaRow, select the Advanced settings tab.
 2. Add the following lines to the Import box
 import java.util.*;
 import java.lang.reflect.*;
 Delete
 3. thanks carl for ur help..some errors are removed..
 now these errors are upfronting...
 Exception in component tJavaRow_1
 java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.String cannot be cast to java.util.Map
 at anchit.anchit_0_1.anchit.tFileInputDelimited_1Process(anchit.java:679)
 at anchit.anchit_0_1.anchit.tSetGlobalVar_1Process(anchit.java:364)
 at anchit.anchit_0_1.anchit.runJobInTOS(anchit.java:1779)
 at anchit.anchit_0_1.anchit.main(anchit.java:1643)
 JOB NAME IS "anchit"
 and can u send me your e-mail id so we can be in contact...i have mentioned mine above....
 thanks...
 ReplyDelete
 Replies
 1. Hi,
 Take a look at the screenshot "Map Using Dynamic Column Values" and make sure that the entries in the Var panel match what you're using. Pay particular attention to the parenthesis.
 My email is bekwam@ gmail.com.
 Delete
 4. Error is not in tmap
 it's in tjavarow component...and these are run time error...No compile time errors are there.
 ReplyDelete
 Replies
 1. Double-check the code in the tSetGlobalVar. See the video at :28 seconds in.
 The problem may be with this line
 (Map)globalMap.get("fieldMap")
 which is storing a String under "fieldMap" rather than a Map.
 I'm adding the tSetGlobalVar code in the video to the post under the "Algorithm" section.
 Delete
 5. ya thanks carl, that job is done.
 Regards,
 Anchit
 ReplyDelete
 6. Hi Carl,
 Can Dynamic Schema be applied on addition of columns also in TOS, as if the source file is updated by adding a new column


text:
Bottle symbolises not seldom a personality with all her qualities which can develop not enough, remains as it were enclosed, – in this case the dream mostly asks to go out more from itself, to use the fullness of own possibilities better. The bottle can sometimes also point to sexual needs. The meaning is depending on the kind and the contents of the bottle which plays a role in the dream.
- Becoming in the dream a bottle, this means, perhaps, that resources accessible are made to the dreaming whom he owns though for a long time, but up to now has suppressed or has buried.
- Who drinks from a healthy bottle, therefore, the luck can enjoy in full trains and, admittedly, that what is drunk should be pulled up for the interpretation with.
- Trading it to itself around a baby bottle, that the dreaming wants to be well 'nourished' and be supported f in his growth.
- a bottle with alcohol could show the wish for a celebration or for excessive behaviour.
- a phial symbolises the need to look more intensely after own health.
- An empty or broken bottle is a symbol of the aggression or the failure and can prepare for disappointments and losses, – the saying translates very realistically 'luck and glass how easily breaks @'.
- in the traditional dream interpretation is the bottle a warning of it, themselves 'to a drunkenness add' or 'to let poison'.
this could mean
At the spiritual level the bottle can be a symbol for the lap, for the principle of the capacity and the seclusion.
- full ones see: let before immoderation warn, – announcement of a happy meeting with friends,
- full ones own: you come to honour and one presents you,
- an empty one: a case can easily bring losses, – means annoyance and incommodities which one should take to heart
- broken ones: if sad news announces,
- fill: you bring your success and your money in security,
- empty: you give away your property and become poor.
- sexually and often like prison to understand,
- full ones see: tells glad hours in, – a joy or invitation soon agree,
- with clear liquid fullly: stand for some positive, – in the love one will bind difficulties most and himself then successfully to somebody,
- with wine fullly: if a happy society indicates, – means wealth,
- with water: good future,
- a half emptied one: means pure quarrel with a good friend or the partner,
- empties: secret enemies and disadvantages, – points to lack, – also: proceed in a bad situation from which one must escape again,
- tip over: must count on domestic worries,
- break or see broken ones: if a saddening event or sad news,
- from a wine bottle drink: Illness is indicated which one can avoid by precautions.
- see: Annoyance with the neighbours,
- break: Grief will enter in your house,
- fill: you will have a lot of job.
I had a dream that I was walking down a quite hallway, not dark but dim. I approached a doorway – the door was ajar and slightly open. I noticed my ex boyfriend, sitting at a table (the room he was sitting in reminded me of a prestigious College library – he was sitting bent over and completely alone), he was sobbing uncontrollably. I had never seen him this profoundly sad. It shocked me and took me by surprise. I stood just outside the door way, i couldnt help but linger on and observe him. He never noticed me and I never imposed on that moment. I had a feeling of, "Now he finally understands the depth of pain he cause me though his carlessness with my heart" After observing for a while, I had a sense of closure and a weight lifted, a sense of a new beginning had been borne. I knew in the dream, that he was crying for me.
I had a dream that I was struggling to open a bottle. I woke up before I could open it. It was an unopened bottle, fresh, full and new.


text:
Why are Metal Detectors so Important for the Food Industry?
Within the food production industry, there is perhaps no bigger contaminant material than metal. Due to its abundant use in all stages of food processing, the material is often found in the raw foodstuffs. It is essential that this is located and move before the packaging stage to guarantee the safety of consumers and the legitimacy of your company.
Metal detectors catering specifically to the food industry should be a compulsory piece of equipment for any area of food production, including baked goods, fruit and vegetables, dairy, fish, meat, cereals, beverages and more.
With the vegetable processing industry for example, the sheer range of products catering to a variety of vegetables means that here is always a risk of contamination from metal, through broken equipment or delivery.
There is also the risk of sabotage within food production, especially as a large percentage of product is imported overseas where rules and regulations are not necessarily as strict as within the United Kingdom. By having a metal detector, the risk of sabotaged food product reaching the consumer is greatly reduced.


text:
Ivory Coast Almond
Ivory Coast Almond, scientifically known as Terminalia ivorensis, is a distinctive and valuable species within the Combretaceae family. Often referred to simply as the Ivory Coast Almond, this tree is esteemed for its sturdy timber, ecological contributions, and cultural significance in the regions where it is native.
Common Name: Ivory Coast Almond
Scientific Name: Terminalia ivorensis
Native Range:The Ivory Coast Almond is native to the rainforests of West Africa, particularly in countries such as Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Nigeria. It thrives in humid, tropical climates and is often found in moist lowland areas.
Key Identification Features:
- Height and Structure: The Ivory Coast Almond is a large, deciduous tree that can attain heights of up to 40 meters. Its trunk is typically straight and cylindrical, with a smooth, greyish bark, while its crown forms a broad, spreading canopy.
- Leaves: The leaves of the Ivory Coast Almond are simple, alternate, and elliptical in shape, with a glossy, dark green appearance. They provide dense foliage and shade, contributing to the tree's ornamental and ecological value.
- Flowers: The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers arranged in terminal spikes or clusters. While not particularly showy, these flowers attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, supporting local biodiversity.
- Fruits: Ivory Coast Almond fruits are small, woody capsules containing winged seeds. They ripen and dehisce, releasing the seeds, which are dispersed by wind and gravity, contributing to the tree's reproductive success.
- Ecological Role: In its native habitat, the Ivory Coast Almond plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems as a provider of habitat, food, and resources for various wildlife species. Its dense foliage also helps regulate temperature and humidity levels.
- Cultural or Historical Significance: The Ivory Coast Almond holds cultural importance in West African societies, where it is utilized for its timber in construction, furniture-making, and boat-building. Additionally, its seeds and bark have been used in traditional medicine and rituals.
- Conservation Status: While not currently listed as endangered, sustainable management practices are essential to ensure the conservation of Ivory Coast Almond populations and the preservation of their associated habitats.
- Interesting Fact: The durable and termite-resistant timber of the Ivory Coast Almond is highly valued for its strength and workability, making it a preferred choice for various woodworking applications.
Significance in Tropical Regions:
- Timber Industry: The Ivory Coast Almond is a key timber species in West Africa, prized for its high-quality wood, which is used in the construction of buildings, furniture, tools, and musical instruments.
- Traditional Medicine: Different parts of the Ivory Coast Almond, including its bark, leaves, and seeds, have been utilized in traditional African medicine for their purported medicinal properties, treating ailments ranging from fevers to gastrointestinal disorders.
- Cultural Practices: The Ivory Coast Almond holds cultural significance in local traditions and ceremonies, where it may be used for rituals, carvings, or as a sacred symbol representing strength, resilience, and connection to nature.
- Forest Conservation: Conservation efforts aimed at preserving the Ivory Coast Almond and its habitat help safeguard biodiversity, maintain ecosystem services, and support sustainable livelihoods for local communities dependent on forest resources.
- Educational Initiatives: Increasing awareness about the ecological and cultural importance of the Ivory Coast Almond through educational programs and outreach activities can foster appreciation and conservation efforts for this valuable tree species.
Overall, the Ivory Coast Almond stands as a symbol of resilience, resourcefulness, and cultural heritage in West African forests, offering a multitude of benefits to both humans and the environment.


text:
|Place of origin
|Iran (Ancient Persia)
|Region or state
|Rice flour, milk or almond milk, sugar
Muhallebi (Persian: محالبی, Arabic: مهلبية, French: mouhallabié) is a milk pudding commonly made with rice, sugar, milk and either rice flour, starch or semolina, popular as a dessert in the Turkey and Middle East. While the dessert is called Muhallebi in Turkey and Iraq, the Egyptian variant is called mahalabia, the levantine variant is called mahalabiyeh.
Legend has it that muhallebi (Arabic: مهلبية) was introduced into Arab cuisine in the late seventh century by a Persian (Iranian) cook from what was then the Sasanian Empire (224–651), who served it to an Arab general by the name of Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra. He liked it so much, he named it after himself. The earliest recipes, dating to the 10th century, featured three versions: milk thickened with ground rice, milk with rice grains and chicken, and an egg custard without rice. Early recipes for muhallabiyya include a work attributed to Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq of Baghdad and two 13th-century Arab cookbooks, one by al-Baghdadi and another from Al Andalus that have a spiced pudding variation made with mutton instead of chicken. The legend of the pudding's supposed Persian origins comes from the Al Andalus cookbook.
In the Middle Ages, muhallebi and its European counterpart blancmange were made with shredded chicken. There are records from the Ottoman Empire for two versions of muhallebi: a version with shredded chicken (tavuk göğsü) served during the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror, and a later recipe dating to 1530 for a meatless version flavored with rose water.
One 19th-century, English cookbook that gives a recipe for muhallebi calls it "Ramazan cakes". The recipe calls for boiling milk together with rice flour and sugar until the mixture reduces. The pudding is flavored with rose or jasmine extract, and allowed to cool before it is sprinkled with powdered sugar.
In the modern era the traditional tavuk göğsü is no longer widely available, except in Turkey. This pudding does not taste like chicken but the shredded meat gives it a distinctive texture. George Coleman De Kay said the pudding "owes its peculiar excellent flavour to the presence of the breasts of very young chickens, which are by some means so intimately blended and incorporated with the custard as to be scarcely distinguishable". Kazandibi is the variation of classic tavuk göğsü where a thin layer of pudding is caramelized before the custard is poured over it and allowed to set. The finished pudding is served upside down with the caramelized side on top. Also available at the muhallebici shops of Istanbul are the almond based keşkül, Noah's Pudding, and baked rice pudding called "fırın sütlaç" or "fırında sütlaç".
In Syria, there is a variation of محلاية ("mahalayeh") called بالوظة ("balouza") that is the classic milk pudding but with a layer of orange jelly on top. Other flavours of the jelly layer can be used, like rose syrup. Mahalayeh sold in restaurants in Syria is always served with three striped toppings of slivered almonds, cream, sliced pistachios, and a maraschino cherry. The famous booza shop, Bakdash, in Damascus, serves mahalayeh as well as booza.
Israeli malabi (Hebrew: מלבי) is topped with chopped pistachios, desiccated coconut and a syrup usually made with rosewater or orange flower water and dyed bright red using food coloring. Another Israeli variation of malabi uses almond milk instead of the regular milk, especially when it involves a dish that includes meat dishes, this variation is being done in order to be able to serve the dish as a dessert and at the same time, to avoid violating Jewish dietary law (Kashrut).
In Cyprus, muhallebi is called "μαχαλλεπί (IPA: [maxalːe'pi] in Cypriot Greek)" and it can also be found in a non-dairy version alongside the version that contains milk (μαχαλλεπίν του γαλάτου; IPA: [maxalːe'pin du ɣa'latu]). The Cypriot non-dairy muhallebi is made from water, sugar, cornstarch, and rose water, which is optional. When the muhallebi is set, Cypriots add rose squash/cordial/syrup called "triantafyllo" (τριαντάφυλλο) on top of it.
Mastic can be used as a flavoring for muhallebi.
Further information: Sephardic cuisine
In some Sephardic Jewish homes, malabi, made of milk, cream, starch and sugar and flavoured with either distilled rosewater or orange flower water, is served to break the fast on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur. It is also eaten at Turkish Jewish weddings to symbolize the sweet life that lies ahead. Sephardim serve it on the festival of Shavuot when it is customary to eat dairy food, but according to food historian Gil Marks, the real reason is that the holiday is known in this community as the "feast of roses" and the dessert has a distinct rosy aroma.
Muhallebi is used as a component of many traditional style desserts.
Selanik tatlısı, attributed to the kitchens of historic Salonica, is made by thickening a basic stovetop muhallebi with eggs and baking it with a sweetened shortcrust pastry. The dessert is soaked in simple syrup before serving. Also hailing from historic Salonica is muhallebi baklava (similar to the Greek galaktoboureko).


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Resources / Application Notes / Optics / How to Design your own Beam Expander Using Stock Optics
How to Design your own Beam Expander Using Stock Optics
How to Design your own Beam Expander Using Stock Optics
Variable Beam Expanders
Beam expanders, commonly used in interferometry, remote sensing, laser materials processing and laser scanning applications, accept collimated light into the system and expand it into a larger collimated beam as its output. While a variety of off-the-shelf beam expanders are available, occasionally these standard beam expanders may not meet your application needs. Designing your own beam expander provides the flexibility to design to your exact application specifications, and using stock optics reduces your time from design to prototype to days. Additionally, the use of stock optics allows almost instantaneous scaling into volume when you are ready for production.
Design Requirements
Some requirements to consider before you begin choosing parts to build your beam expander are system cost, mechanical constraints, and system performance. It is recommended to assign the priority level of each requirement before beginning. While listing your requirements, you could find that your specific application may have more or less to consider than those listed below.
When considering system costs, it's important to realize the tradeoff between cost and performance. The cost of uncoated optics, potential optical coatings, and the mounts for the optics will be influenced by quantity, chosen materials, and precision. N-BK7 is often an ideal material because of its broad wavelength range and low cost, whereas Fused Silica is often used for more demanding applications because of its low coefficient of thermal expansion and high laser damage threshold. For a single beam expander that works for a variety of wavelengths, chromatic effects should be considered as well. For example N-SF11 and N-BK7 can create an achromatic solution for a small range of wavelengths. Be sure to check the material when deciding if a lens is a good candidate to use for your beam expander.
Often, a beam expander needs to fit within a constrained area, limiting both the overall diameter and length of the system. It's important to remember that larger beams require larger beam expanders, which require larger (and more costly) optics and more metal for the housing.
Additionally, some designs may require a focusing mechanism to adjust beam divergence. Rotating focusing mechanisms, such as a threaded focusing tube, are a popular choice because of their low cost. However, these mechanisms rotate the optics when translating them, creating the potential for wander within the output beam. Sliding mechanisms, such as a helicoid barrel, translate the optics perpendicular to the optical axis without rotating them, minimizing beam wander, but increasing system cost.
Before designing your beam expander, be aware of system performance requirements. At minimum, a beam expander design requires a specific wavelength or wavelength range, a specific input beam diameter, and a minimum acceptable transmission. Larger wavelength ranges are more difficult to design, adding complexity and cost, whereas smaller input apertures are easier over which to maintain performance requirements. Overall transmission is heavily influenced by selection of appropriate anti-reflection coatings; uncoated optics reduce cost, but also lower overall transmission (and potentially create harmful reflections in the beam expander), whereas a coating as simple as a single layer MgF2 can ensure transmission of 90% or better. Beam quality is often specified as wavefront distortion, and a value of less than λ/4 peak-to-valley (PV) is typically considered to be diffraction limited.
It is difficult to adjust one parameter without affecting other parameters. For example, selecting a different set of lenses to improve wavefront quality might increase system cost or impact the overall system size. It should also be noted that increasing the input beam diameter has an exponential effect on the quality of the transmitted wavefront, and for this reason bigger input beams are significantly harder to design for. Be cautious of the tolerance of the components used – the tighter the tolerances, the more expensive it will be to make the system.
Keplarian vs. Galilean Beam Expander Designs
Designing a beam expander from off-the-shelf lenses can drastically reduce lead time and speed the design cycle. By utilizing Zemax's lens catalog, stock lenses can be easily selected and spacing can be adjusted for your design criteria. With Edmund Optics' industry leading selection of off-the-shelf lenses, either Keplarian or Galilean designs are possible. Keplarian designs will have a longer system length with an internal focus, whereas Galilean designs will be shorter and not have the internal focus point.
Keplarian beam expanders have an intermediate focus plane in the design. This presents both advantages and disadvantages over Galilean designs. At high powers, the focus plane is a significant disadvantage as air can become ionized, reducing transmitted energy and creating potentially harmful energy levels. At lower powers, the focus plane can be used as an ideal position for a spatial filter, allowing for easy and effective beam cleanup. Finally, Galilean designs are typically shorter than Keplarian ones for the same magnification.
General Galilean Beam Expander Design Considerations
The magnification of a Galilean beam expander is determined by the following equations.
Equation 1 (1)
Equation 2 (2)
Where f1 is the focal length of the positive lens and f2 is the focal length of the negative lens. Designing using stock optics is as simple as selecting a positive and negative lens that meet your magnification requirements (equation 1) without exceeding your system length requirements (equation 2). As illustrated further these equations are first order equations, and lens thickness and focus optimization will cause slight deviations from these ideal values.
Lens clear aperture also needs to be taken into account during the selection, as the negative lens must be large enough to accommodate the input beam, while the positive lens must be large enough to output the magnified beam without vignetting.
For example, in a 5X system with a 3mm input beam, a 10mm diameter positive lens will cause vignetting since the output beam will be 15mm in diameter. A large catalog of in-stock lenses should provide sufficient selection of diameters and focal lengths to meet most magnification requirements.
Designing a 5X Galilean Beam Expander
Consider an application where you need to design a 5X beam expander with a system length of no more than 75mm. A two singlet Galilean, design would allow each of the following possible stock lens combinations: -6mm and 30mm, -9mm and 45mm, -12mm and 60mm, and -15mm and 75mm. Note that -25mm/125mm, -20mm/100mm combinations will not meet the requirement of the system length of less than 75mm. While a -18mm/90mm combination may work within the requirement, it's exceedingly likely that the metal of the system as well as the actual lens thicknesses will increase the length beyond the stated requirements.
In a two singlet Galilean beam expander design, a good rule of thumb is that wavefront quality will increase with increasing optical track. In other words, a -20mm and 100mm lens combination will have a much better wavefront than that of a -6mm and 30mm. Also, using lenses with plano surfaces (such as plano-convex or plano-concave) rather than lenses with curvature on both surfaces will improve wavefront quality. If using plano- lenses and a Galilean layout, orienting the plano surface towards the input beam tends to improve the wavefront quality by balancing out spherical aberration. However, if using high power lasers, reflections from the first plano surface, even if anti-reflection coated, could damage your laser.
Optimization using Zemax
We selected a 6mm diameter plano-concave lens with a -12mm focal length (#45-008), and a 25mm diameter plano-convex lens with a 60mm focal length (#45-127) as an example for a 5X system. Since we are using stock lenses, the only variable we assign is the distance between two lenses: the thickness of surface 3. This is shown in Figure 1, which is the Zemax lens data editor. Figure 2 shows the lens layout of the beam expander in afocal mode.
Lens data editor
Figure 1: Lens data editor
Beam expander layout
Figure 2: Beam expander layout
The aperture value in Zemax must be set to the input beam diameter over which you want to optimize your design. In this example, we optimized for 3mm input beam and the output beam will be 15mm. While this is the design input beam diameter, the maximum input diameter is limited by the clear aperture of the front lens. We also assume the input beam is Gaussian, and that we are mounting the beam expander directly to the laser, simplifying the angle of incidence to 0 degrees. Finally, we assumed the laser was a Helium Neon (HeNe) design and optimized for a design wavelength of 632.8nm.
Since beam expanders are afocal systems, make sure "afocal image space" is checked in the Zemax lens data editor. This will change the units of the metrics to be angular rather than distances. Afocal systems don't have an effective focal length and thus provide no net convergence or divergence of the incident light beam. Beam expanders and camera zoom lenses are common examples of afocal systems.
 Figure 3 shows the Zemax merit


text:
The American Shad is the best-known of all the shad and herring that swim in the Chesapeake Bay. The silvery fish – typically 20- 24 inches long -- can be identified by its row of dark spots along its side and the scutes or sharp saw-like scales along its belly.
A highly migratory species, shad often travel in schools. They are anadromous -- meaning they live in the sea for the majority of their lives, and enter freshwater to spawn. River-specific, they return to their birth river to spawn. In Maryland, peak spawning time is mid-April through early June.
Young shad eat zooplankton and insects, while the adults choose plankton, small crustaceans, and small fish to consume; but while migrating upriver do not feed. The average lifespan of the fish is 5 years at sea, and during that time it may migrate over 12,000 miles. The oldest American shad recorded in Maryland was 11 years of age.
American and Hickory Shad were both closed to recreational and commercial fishing in 1980. American Shad commercial fishing off Maryland's Atlantic Coast was opened for a limited season in 1992; this season was closed permanently in 2004.
Historically, the American Shad spawned in nearly every accessible river and tributary along the East coast from Canada to Florida. However, the deterioration of water quality and blockage due to dams and other obstacles have depleted American Shad stocks. Since 1993, hatchery stocking has been used to increase the American Shad populations in our waterways.
Illustration of American Shad (Alosa sapidissima)


text:
||According to a method of
Brunauer, Emmett and Teller* the surface of a (ceramic) powder can be calculated
from the N2-isotherm, which is observed at the boiling point
of liquid nitrogen. By the analysis of the adsorption curves within the
relative pressure ranges p/p0 ~ 0,05 and p/p0
~ 0,2 the volume Vm is determined, which according to the theory
of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller corresponds to the quantity of nitrigen,
which is necessary for a monomolecular layer. The surface needed for one
nitrigen molecule is 16,2Å2. From this value the specific
surface of the sample can be determined in m2/g.
* Brunnauer, S., P.H. Emmett
und E. Teller: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 60 (1938) 309.


text:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS 100PC PUZZLE, BY EEBOO
- Puzzle size when finished: 27" x 18"
- 100 piece puzzle
- For ages 5 and up
- Printed on recycled paper with vegetable-based inks.
- Includes geographical glossary
- Educational puzzle for all ages
- Box Size: 13" x 9" x 2"
- Illustrated by Saxton Freymann
Geographical Terms 100 piece puzzle is the best way to learn about geographical terms! This substantial floor-sized puzzle teaches kids over 80 terms used every day for describing bayous, coves, spits, buttes, mesas, passes, gulches and so much more. Detailed and clear graphics provide a definition of each term.


text:
Why can't a plane fly slowly and let the Earth pass underneath?
This question has been bothering me for ages. When an airplane is airborne, why does it have to travel when it can just stay put at a safe distance above the earth, wait for the earth to rotate and then land when its destination landing nation is available. For example when traveling from India to Egypt, a plane can just get airborne and stay put at safe distance in the sky for about 6 hours during which time the Earth would have rotated and the plane would be above Egypt.
If you fly in the opposite direction that earth is spinning, basically flying against the spin, the earth is moving toward you with the spin at the speed of 1000 miles per hour. Assuming the plane is flying at 500 mph on its own, why are you not flying toward your destination at the speed of 1500mph?
The reason an airplane can't just idle and let the ground pass underneath is the same reason as why a ball dropped from a tall tower lands at the base of the tower and not next to it. A plane sitting on the ground is moving with the surface of the Earth, and while it appears to us to be at rest, it is actually moving at around 1,000 miles an hour (the exact value depends on your latitude). When it takes off, it still has speed from sitting on the ground. In order to fly east, the plane increases its speed relative to the surface of the Earth and begins to overtake it. Flying west it decreases its speed relative to the surface of the Earth, and the Earth slips by.
Here's a thought experiment. Imagine three moving walkways with a person standing on each one. Now let the person on the left walkway walk forward in the same direction of the walkway, the person in the center stays standing, and the person on the right walk backward in the opposite direction. All three people are moving in the direction of walkway is going, but the two people walking are moving in that direction more quickly and less quickly respectively than the person at rest. When the plane is sitting on the ground, it is like the person standing still on the moving walkway. The two people walking in same direction and opposite direction of the walkway are like the plane in air.
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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: _URL_
- Kokota grammar
- The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Education & Arts, School of Humanities and Social Science
- This work describes the grammar of Kokota, a highly endangered Oceanic language of the Solomon Islands, spoken by about nine hundred people on the island of Santa Isabel. After several long periods among the Kokota, Dr. Palmer has written an unusually detailed and comprehensive description of the language. Kokota has never before been described, so this work makes an important contribution to our knowledge of the Oceanic languages of island Melanesia. "Kokota Grammar" examines the phonology of the language and includes a lengthy section on stress assignment. It continues with chapters on nouns and noun phrases, minor participant types, possession, argument structure, the verb complex, clause structure, imperative and interrogative constructions, and subordination and coodination (including verb serialization). The typological interest of Kokota, along with its degree of endangerment and the paucity of information on Northwest Solomonic languages in general, combined with the level of detail given in the volume, make this a work of considerable interest to Austronesian linguists, typologists, syntacticians, phonologists, and all who are involved in describing and documenting endangered languages.
- Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication 35
- University of Hawai'i Press
- Resource Type


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Posts Tagged 'Virtual Tour'
Two extraordinary repositories; two extraordinary new web visualization tools…
From The Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, the 3D Collection:
Date of Discovery: 1961
Discovered by: Hisashi Suzuki
Age: About 41,000 years old
Fossil Name: Amud
Location of Discovery: Wadi Amud, Israel
The purpose of this collection [of 3D fossils and artifacts] is to allow you to view your favorite objects from our David H. Koch Hall of Human Origins and to help you share your museum experience with your friends and family. Before our exhibit opened, the objects on display were either CT or laser scanned. The scanning process enabled Human Origins Progam staff to generate 3D models of each object that you can view, rotate, and interact with online. It may take a minute or two to load depending on your computer, but after it is loaded you will be able to move the 3D object around by holding down the left-click button and moving your mouse.
And from the Vatican, the Virtual Reality Tour of the Sistine Chapel:
A virtual tour of Michelangelo's masterwork — move around the space and inspect from any angle, using your mouse– designed by the Augustinian computer scientists at Villanova University.
As we marvel at time, at space, and at the technology that aims to tame them, we might recall that it was on this date in 1979 that operators failed to notice that a relief valve was stuck open in the primary coolant system of Three Mile Island's Unit 2 nuclear reactor following an unexpected shutdown. Consequently, enough coolant drained out of the system to allow the core to overheat and partially melt down– the worst commercial nuclear accident in American history.
182 years earlier, on this date in 1797, Nathaniel Briggs (of New Hampshire) patented the first "washing machine," known as the Box Mangler– a heavy frame containing a large box filled with rocks, resting on a series of long wooden rollers. Washing was laid flat on a sheet and wound round one of the rollers, then two people pulled on levers to move the heavy box back and forth over the rollers. While it was expensive, heavy, difficult to operate, and even then, jammed often, its failures never led to the evacuation of major population centers.


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As the key part of power supply equipment in electric vehicles, power battery box may lose effect due to random vibration of the electric vehicle. To effectively predict the strength of the structure of power battery box and the performance of the internal components in the environment of vibration, this paper uses union simulation of Hypermesh and ANSYS to analyze its intrinsic mode and the characteristics of responses caused by random vibration. In doing this, displacement, acceleration and equivalent stress nephogram are acquired, providing a basis for structure design and further optimization.
To improve the shift quality of electric vehicles equipped with combined clutch planetary transmission with two gears, a dynamic model of shifting process is established. The shift jerk and friction work are chosen as a comprehensive control target. Linear quadratic optimal control is used to optimize the upshift process of combined clutch planetary transmission, in which the motor is involved. The simulation results of upshift show that shift quality can be effectively improved by the coordinated control of the motor torque and the clutch transmission torque during upshift process, compared with combined clutch control only.
scite is a Brooklyn-based startup that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.


Medical specialty questionnaire is used to help medical students in identifying the areas of specialty during studies. The medical specialty questionnaire guides the person on key areas to note as they made a decision on the specialty of their choice. The questions cover personality, abilities and skills. A medical specialty questionnaire shapes the career of the medical student as they begin to identify choices of specialty. There are various specialty choices including, cardiology, neurology, pediatrics, and plastic surgery among others. The person compares tendencies to certain questions with those rated for various specialties professionals. A sample medical specialty questionnaire is shown below.
Sample Medical Specialty Questionnaire
Answer the following questions selecting from a scale of 1-5 where (1 – least true) and (5- most true)
I tend…
1. To be very assertive when making arguments ___________________________________________________________________
2. To be very organized ___________________________________________________________________
3. To be in charge when in a group ___________________________________________________________________
4. To be demanding on results ___________________________________________________________________
5. To bring energy to people around me ___________________________________________________________________
6. To make independent choices in many areas ___________________________________________________________________
7. To enjoy routine work ___________________________________________________________________
8. To exploring new things ___________________________________________________________________
9. To solve complex issues ___________________________________________________________________
10. To enjoy being part of the decision making process ___________________________________________________________________
11. To attempting solving problems before asking for help ___________________________________________________________________
12. To take initiative in all situations ___________________________________________________________________
13. To solve a problem head on without compromising or delaying ___________________________________________________________________
14. To look up to people I admire ___________________________________________________________________
15. To be a keen listener ___________________________________________________________________
16 To be an excellent observer ___________________________________________________________________
17. To push myself to perfection ___________________________________________________________________
18. To enjoy spending time away from work ___________________________________________________________________


KMITL is aware of the importance of maintaining cleanliness and having a beautiful landscape in harmony with the natural environment and promoting environmental consciousness. It has implemented projects to support the policy to develop the institute into a sustainable green university in line with the five-stage policy and the fourth strategy to develop a green university
waste recycling program
 Tube pillow project for Bedridden patient is a project that uses plastic straws Come cut to the right size Then packed into the pillow to make the patient stick to the bed, use a cushion to prevent pressure ulcers. We have 3 donation points in the Faculty of Science's Canteen, KMITL food court, and KMITL Central Library.
Organic Waste
 The institute has been campaigning a compost project which aims to produce compost from organic waste, such as leaves and grass, to reduce the cost of fertilizer and make good use of waste materials.
Inorganic Waste
 KMIT has the policy to separate inorganic waste into 4 types: recycled waste, general waste, wet waste, and hazardous waste. Sorted garbage can use for recycling or reuse
Involvement and activities
ภาพบรรยากาศการนำเสนอผลงาน (2)
ภาพบรรยากาศการลงพื้นที่ชุมชน (2)
 Activities of personnel, staff, and students and activities of the institute The initial phase of the project focuses on cleaning in each area with knowledge and understanding of proper waste separation and lay a foundation for an efficient waste management system.
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Concept mapping through logs and metacognitive reflection during third graders' scientific problem -solving
The purpose of the study was to investigate third graders' metacognitive and science problem-solving processes for the purpose of formulating an instructional metacognitive model from the data. The researcher analyzed six third-grade students' concept maps and science reflective logs in order to identify the learning processes of children engaged in science problem-solving tasks.^ The materials for data collection were composed of the pretest and posttest concept map, think-aloud protocols of problem solving, and reflective logs. The think-aloud protocols measured the metacognitive processes during the problem-solving sessions. The concept maps and reflective logs explicated the metacognitive processes further.^ Each participant took part in six problem-solving activities on the topic of electricity. The sessions were videotaped and audiotaped, and analyzed further by the researcher. At the beginning of the unit, a pretest concept map was constructed by each learner, to tap into prior knowledge of the learners. At the end of the unit, a posttest map was constructed by each learner. This posttest was done to evaluate the acquired knowledge and scientific conceptual change of each participant.^ Data analysis was descriptive and used a small heterogeneous population. The data analysis took place in two different phases. In Phase 1 of the analysis, the researcher analyzed think-aloud videotape and audiotape sessions of problem-solving tasks. A cognitivemetacognitive framework was used to observe the overt behavior of all six participants. During Phase 2, the investigator focused on case studies of the participants and used a metacognitive science problem-solving instructional model to analyze maps and logs. The model used Vygotsky's theory of everyday concepts and scientific thinking.^ The use of the problem-solving sessions was essential to the study because metacognitive behaviors were activated that ordinarily are not present in other classroom activities. All areas of cognitive and metacognitive behaviors were activated. Children explored, monitored their progress, and gave suggestions to others. Learners recorded ideas in logs and on maps, moving from everyday concepts to scientific thinking. Throughout the process, participants self-questioned, self-monitored, and self-reflected. ^
Education, Elementary|Education, Sciences|Education, Curriculum and Instruction
"Concept mapping through logs and metacognitive reflection during third graders' scientific problem -solving"
(January 1, 1996).
ETD Collection for Fordham University.


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electrophoresis power supply
A stackable design
Rigorous in-built safety mechanisms
Dual voltage compatibility
At 300V, 3000mA, 300W, the omniPAC MAXI CS-3AMP is designed for virtually all high current electrophoresis applications. The CS-3AMP's higher current output capability is perfect for electroblotting units with high-intensity plate electrodes, particularly Cleaver Scientific omniBLOT maxi, VS20 WAVE and semi dry blotting systems. Electrotransfers may be performed as timed runs in constant or programmable mode to prevent overheating and buffer depletion. A run time extendable to a maximum 999 minutes in constant mode is also useful for overnight transfers undertaken at constant low current in wire electrode systems.
The two-line 2.6 LCD screen allows the experimental parameters, program file and step to be viewed within a single screen during each run, while the CS-3AMP's four power terminals and robust current and power outputs make it suitable for high throughput SDS-PAGE using multiple vertical systems. The CS-3AMP shares the same standard features as the omniPAGE MAXI CS-500V.


Opinion Dynamics over a Finite Set in Cooperative Multi-robot Systems: An Asynchronous Gossip-Based Consensus Approach
 - Feres A. Salem Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
 - Renan da S. Tchilian Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
 - Sidney R. D. Carvalho Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
 - Ubirajara F. Moreno Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Keywords: Multi-robot systems, Agent-based systems, Cooperating robots, Opinion dynamics, Consensus
Abstract
The focus of this paper is to present an algorithm that allows robotic teams to make decisions between a finite set of choices. The approach used was based on models that represent the way groups of humans evolve their opinions through time. Numerous works have explored models that consider the opinion as continuous values, while the literature less frequently considers groups trying to reach an agreement when only a finite set of possible opinions is given. The main contribution of this paper is to present a consensus algorithm that can be applied in those scenarios. For this purpose, it is briefly reviewed some crucial concepts for the definition of the proposed algorithm, which is based on asynchronous gossip. Due to the stochasticity of this approach, it is not possible to precisely predict the behavior of the network. However, the results from both computational and laboratory experiments indicate the eigenvector centrality score as a valuable metric to predict the probability of an initial opinion to become the prevailing one for the group when they reach consensus. Also, the asynchrony of the proposed algorithm made it possible to reach consensus in scenarios where synchronous approaches could not.
Published
2020-12-08
Section
Articles


Famous Abstract Art Thai Zodiac
Color: Red
Category: Abstract, Animals
Code: 051
Weight: 5kg
Origin: Made in Thailand
Free fast shipping within Thailand
World safely delivery to all countries
Available on backorder
SKU: 051 Categories:, Tag:
About the Famous Abstract Art Thai Zodiac
In this Famous Abstract Art, our artist features the wholeness of everything in the universe in the center of the artwork. The One Universe symbol shows the subject of unity across the earth, ocean, and sky. The important element in the composition of the One number is Sam Kasat. In Thai words, it means the Three Kings. It is a combination of the three very valuable elements including gold, silver, and copper.
The Three Great Kings of Thailand are King Ramkhamhaeng (the creator of the Thai Alphabet), King Naresuan (Father of Thai Army), and King Taksin (King of Thonburi). Those are the greatest Kings who had made Thailand a better Kingdom. They had a significant role while the Siam Kingdom went through touch times.
Surrounding the One Universe symbol, the artist depicts the Twelve Thai Zodiac-Animals circle. In traditional Thai culture, each animal symbol represents a year cycle in a repeating twelve-year period. The zodiac reflects a person's nature's personality of cycles.
Weight6000 g
Dimensions100 × 100 cm


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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Microarrays in Organ Transplantation
The current standard for biopsy-based diagnoses of dysfunction of kidney transplants is the Banff Classification which represents arbitrary international consensus. Recent data-driven approaches using molecular and conventional technologies indicate that mere consensus produces frequently incorrect diagnoses with potential harm to patients due to inappropriate treatment. To address this unmet need and improve diagnostics in the area of organ transplantation, the Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre (ATAGC) has developed a new diagnostic system that combines the molecular and histopathological features of transplant biopsies, plus clinical and laboratory parameters, to create the first Integrated Diagnostic System. The present study will validate and refine this system in 500 prospectively unselected biopsies for clinical indications from American, Canadian and European centres. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility and value of this System in routine patient care and clinical trials, the study will develop and optimize a transparent and user-friendly reporting format to communicate this information to clinicians and obtain detailed feedback on how this system can best improve patient care.
To Validate the Integrated Diagnostic System in the International Collaborative Microarray (INTERCOM)
To Develop a Clinically Feasible and Useful Reporting System for Molecular, Histopathology and Integrated
To Incorporate the Integrated Diagnostic System Into International Diagnostic Standards
|Study Design:||Observational Model: Cohort
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Official Title:||Multi-centric Observational Study to Analyse the Diagnostic Molecular Features in the Clinical Setting of Kidney Allograft Biopsies|
Needle kidney biopsy core as per local standard of care
|Study Start Date:||May 2011|
Kidney Transplant Biopsies for Cause
The study population includes patients with a functioning kidney transplant undergoing a biopsy for clinical indications as standard of care to determine the cause of their graft dysfunction (deterioration in graft function, delayed graft function, proteinuria).
The study is now fully enrolled (N=300) and the results are being analyzed. Follow-up data is being collected.
|United States, Maryland|
|University of Maryland School of Medicine|
|Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21209|
|United States, Minnesota|
|University of Minnesota|
|Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455|
|Hannover, Germany, 30625|
|Vall d'Hebron Hospital|
|Barcelona, Spain, 08035|
|Manchester Royal Infirmary|
|Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9WL|


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Deciphering the World of Modern Dating
Modern dating can often feel like navigating a labyrinth. The advent of digital technology and dating apps has brought new dimensions to human interactions, turning the once straightforward process into an intricate puzzle of signals, emojis, and read receipts. This complexity is exacerbated when you're left in a perplexing situation: 'he unmatched me but is still texting.' This scenario can evoke a cascade of questions, and justifiably so. What does it mean? Is it a common phenomenon, or is it an isolated incident? What is the appropriate reaction?
In the light of such queries, understanding the core dynamics of modern dating is crucial. One essential aspect of this is the shift in power dynamics enabled by the anonymity and distance of digital platforms. The traditional script of dating has been transformed, allowing for diverse narratives and complexities. This has, undoubtedly, blurred the lines of communication and behavior, culminating in the perplexing situation of being unmatched, yet still receiving texts.
The realm of online dating is replete with mixed signals. He might unmatch you on the dating app, eliminating the visual reminder of your existence in his digital dating sphere, yet he still finds a way to keep the conversation alive through texts. This paradoxical situation begs a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive such behaviors.
The anonymity and convenience of online dating can lead individuals to adopt unconventional behaviors, often driven by complex emotions, changing desires, or even an underlying fear of commitment. Unmatching while continuing to text might be one such manifestation, reflecting a certain ambiguity in his intentions or feelings.
This scenario is often seen as a red flag by many relationship experts who perceive it as a sign of indecisiveness, non-commitment, or, worse, manipulation. However, the world of emotions and relationships is seldom black and white, and it is vital to understand the diverse reasons behind such actions.
Unmasking Mixed Signals: 5 Revealing Signs in the 'He Unmatched Me but Is Still Texting' Scenario
1. The Fear of Commitment: send mixed signals when they're scared of getting too involved or committing. Unmatching you on the app could be his way of maintaining a safe distance while texting keeps you within his comfort zone. He might want to continue the conversation without the added pressure that the dating app implies.
2. The Balancing Act: be juggling multiple interests at the same time. Unmatching you could be an attempt to manage his digital dating space while texting ensures he keeps his options open. In such cases, he might view you as a potential interest but is not ready to give up exploring other possibilities.
3. The Desire for Control: continuing to text can also be about maintaining control over the situation. He can decide when and how to interact with you, putting him in a dominant position. This power dynamic can make you feel uncertain and anxious, furthering his control.
4. The Pursuit of Ego Gratification: seek validation and gratification by keeping others in their sphere of influence. This can be achieved by sending mixed signals like unmatching yet continuing to text. The perplexity it creates often leads to more attention given to him, fulfilling his ego needs
5. The Buffer Zone: to unmatch could be about creating a buffer zone that separates his online dating life from his personal life. By moving the conversation to text, he can manage his digital persona while keeping you in the loop.
These five signs provide a roadmap to decipher the actions of your digital suitor. However, it is essential to remember that everyone's motivations may differ, and these signs may not always apply universally. It is always important to trust your intuition and prioritize open, honest communication to understand the person better.
Understanding Your Worth: Emotional Turmoil
Being unmatched but still receiving texts can stir a whirlwind of emotions, leading to self-doubt and confusion. It is critical to remember that you are not alone in this situation, and many others have experienced the same perplexity. The digital dating world is complex, and situations like these often reflect more on the person who unmatched you than on you.
It is essential not to take such actions personally. The decision to unmatch could be driven by a multitude of factors, many of which have nothing to do with your worth or attractiveness. Instead, they often reflect the individual's indecisiveness or fear of commitment.
When confronted with such a situation, your emotional well-being should be the priority. Engage in self-care, reach out to supportive friends, or seek professional guidance. Set boundaries and decide what you are willing to tolerate. It is okay to communicate your discomfort and ask for clarity.
You are deserving of a relationship that is clear and unambiguous, where mixed signals don't leave you guessing. Don't let the perplexity of the modern dating world compromise your self-worth. Stay strong, and you are more than the sum of your texts.


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fixed over time, despite diverse technological, economic, and ideological currents shaping slavery in different eras.
Slavery received an enormous amount of attention among historians working during the late twentieth century, and every year historians continue to uncover more information about slavery. But the law professoriate has yet to examine the laws of slavery with adequate detail. With a few notable exceptions—I'm thinking in particular of Paul Finkelman and Ariela Gross—law professors have yet to properly examine slavery and all of its ramifications for the law. In light of Eugene Genovese's magnificent Roll, Jordan, Roll (New York: Pantheon Books, 1974), which is now quite old but which remains relevant and important to any understanding of slave laws in America, the lack of attention to slave law among legal academics is striking and even worrisome. Why have legal academics fallen behind in this critical area, and what are they doing to make up for this lacuna in legal scholarship?
Allen Porter Mendenhall


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Mitch and Murray productions presents a modern take on feminism with Rapture, Blister, Burn. Written by Gina Gionfriddo, this play explores the eternal question: how green is the grass on the other side?
After her mother's health scare, Catherine returns home to a life she had foregone in favour of a successful career. Encountering old friends and lovers, she sees the life including a husband and children as one she may have missed out on. The questions Catherine asks about life, as a modern woman, reflects the uncertainty modern women may have about the decision to be independent and self-sufficient.
This candid piece presents some of the most popular yet conflicting views that modern women hold about equal rights. While the writing is forthright, sincere and insightful, equal praise should be given to the actors in their portrayals, which ensure the dialogue does not come across as preachy or judgemental.
The interactions between the female characters are where the play really shines. The debates between them highlight the different eras of feminism in which they were raised, while respectfully outlining the potential pros and cons of certain beliefs. The dialogue finds a way to be both relatable and peppered with metaphor and references from the academic world.
The play does not try to lead the audience to a specific point of view. Much like the characters, we are introduced to many different options and are left to determine which point of view works best for us. The epiphanies the characters have at the end of the piece are more fulfilling as they came to it through their own critical thinking. While some of the dialogue threatens to run for too long, the show's moments of humour help viewers to maintain interest in those moments.
Rapture, Blister, Burn may not be revolutionary in terms of its feminist views, but it brings up honest and necessary topics about the modern woman.