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Drag Reducing Agent reduces the turbulence induced drag in the pipeline of the crude oil mass. This decreases pressure in the pipeline resulting in a higher flow stream at the same pressure.
Our Drag Reducing Agents help the oil flow more efficiently and be pumped through at lower pressures, saving energy and cost.
Reduces pipeline frictional losses/pressure drop for the purpose of increasing pipeline flow rate and/or decreasing pipeline operating pressure.
Reduces frictional pressure within the flow of a pipeline or conduit.
Acts as buffers along the pipe wall.
Reduces drag, lower back-pressure, and improve flow in crude oil pipelines.


* remove "continuation" special case? * trie: make offset unsigned and use "-" always. Saves 1 bit. Root needs special handling, though. Better leave this alone. * introduce a mapping char<->int and use only the ints internally. Advantages: saves memory when hardcoding <= 32 letters (bitset<32>); allows "Qu" tiles or similar. * fix inconsistencies in the use of "tile" and "letter". * do the '#' check at a place where it costs less * Blocks in layout? * The C++ committe just decided to specify that elements of a vector<> are adjacent in memory. So I should check if every STL implementation provides this and just use vector<> in WordListTrie.


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GUI ToolKits are libraries written to ease the task of writing GUI applications by abstracting the drudgework away from the programmer. As an added bonus, they offer a consistent look between applications that use the same one.
In a GUI application written without a ToolKit the actual program is a long loop that continuously calls a function to poll incoming events and then feeds them into a huge switch construct that decides how to react to each event. Every single facet of the application's behaviour has to be reflected here. Needless to say, writing non-trivial applications this way is tiresome at best.
A GUI ToolKit's main responsibility is to abstract away this event loop in a way that it can be maintained and extended easily. To this end, the different "widgets" (such as buttons, labels, menus etc) of a GUI are treated as black boxes. An EventModel is then specified, which defines how events "propagate" across these blackboxes. The EventModel is a large factor in the design of an application's architecture. Different ToolKits tend to use very different EventModels, which can cause a great deal of confusion.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Automate Azure SQL Size using Azure Automation (Manual)
Recently a customer asked me how to save cost on their Azure SQL database without moving away from DTU based subscription model. In this case this customer knows exactly at what time their database is heavily utilized, and when it's idling. So with a script its easy to automate.
In this manual we are going to size a SQL database from S4 to S3.
Step 1: In this first step we are going to add some modules to your Automation Account. Go to modules, and click on Browse gallery
From the Gallery search for az.accounts, click on it
Next make sure to Import the module
Now browse the Gallery again, this time search for az.sql and make sure to import this module as well.
STEP 2: This next step is important. We will need to create and assign a Run As Account when you've chosen not to create a run as account on the setup of your automation Account. Go to Run as Account, and click on Create Azure Run As Account
Click on Create
STEP 3: Now we will need to add some variables to your automation account. These variables will need to be filled with information about your Azure SQL Database and Server. Create the following variables, and make sure that you fill them.
 - Resourcegroup
 - Servername (without database.windows.net)
 - Database
STEP 4: Now go to runbooks, and create a new runbook!
Give your runbook a name, as type select PowerShell!
In the new opened window copy and paste the code from below. Adjust the variables $Edition and $PricingTier to your needs.
 $ResourceGroupName = Get-AutomationVariable -Name "Resourcegroup"
 $ServerName = Get-AutomationVariable -Name "Servername"
 $DatabaseName = Get-AutomationVariable -Name "Database"
 $Edition = "Standard"
 $PricingTier = "S4"

# Keep track of time
$StartDate=(GET-DATE)

# Log in to Azure with AZ (standard code)
Write-Verbose -Message 'Connecting to Azure'

# Name of the Azure Run As connection
$ConnectionName = 'AzureRunAsConnection'
try
{
 # Get the connection properties
 $ServicePrincipalConnection = Get-AutomationConnection -Name $ConnectionName

 'Log in to Azure...'
 $null = Connect-AzAccount '
 -ServicePrincipal '
 -TenantId $ServicePrincipalConnection.TenantId '
 -ApplicationId $ServicePrincipalConnection.ApplicationId '
 -CertificateThumbprint $ServicePrincipalConnection.CertificateThumbprint
}
catch
{
 if (!$ServicePrincipalConnection)
 {
 # You forgot to turn on 'Create Azure Run As account'
 $ErrorMessage = "Connection $ConnectionName not found."
 throw $ErrorMessage
 }
 else
 {
 # Something else went wrong
 Write-Error -Message $_.Exception.Message
 throw $_.Exception
 }
}

# Getting the database for testing and logging purposes
$MyAzureSqlDatabase = Get-AzSqlDatabase -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -ServerName $ServerName -DatabaseName $DatabaseName
if (!$MyAzureSqlDatabase)
{
 Write-Error "$($ServerName)\$($DatabaseName) not found in $($ResourceGroupName)"
 return
}
else
{
 Write-Output "Current pricing tier of $($ServerName)\$($DatabaseName): $($MyAzureSqlDatabase.Edition) - $($MyAzureSqlDatabase.CurrentServiceObjectiveName)"
}
# Set Pricing Tier Database
# Check for incompatible actions
if ($MyAzureSqlDatabase.Edition -eq $Edition -And $MyAzureSqlDatabase.CurrentServiceObjectiveName -eq $PricingTier)
{
 Write-Error "Cannot change pricing tier of $($ServerName)\$($DatabaseName) because the new pricing tier is equal to current pricing tier"
 return
}
else
{
 Write-Output "Changing pricing tier to $($Edition) - $($PricingTier)"
 $null = Set-AzSqlDatabase -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -ServerName $ServerName -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -Edition $Edition -RequestedServiceObjectiveName $PricingTier
}

# Show when finished
$Duration = NEW-TIMESPAN –Start $StartDate –End (GET-DATE)
Write-Output "Done in $([int]$Duration.TotalMinutes) minute(s) and $([int]$Duration.Seconds) second(s)"

Use the menu to Save your runbook, use the Test pane to review the output of your PowerShell script. When ready Publish your runbook!
STEP 5: Last step is to create a schedule. From your workbook go to Schedules, and Add an schedule.
Create a new schedule based on your requirements/needs.
Click create to finalize the process. Now go back to your SQL database. When the change is happening, you should see a update line like below that shows that the pricing tier is being updated!
How to re-enable inactive mailbox from litigation hold in exchange online using Power Shell(Manual)
When users leave the company you might want to retain the email for a longer period than the default 30 days. By enabling litigation hold you can retain mailboxes longer than 30 days, before you disable a user you can set the litigation hold to any value you would like. But at some point you might need the mailbox to be re-enabled for some reason. In this manual I am going to explain how to do it.
STEP 1: Open a new Power Shell window and type the following command
Import-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement
Continue reading "How to re-enable inactive mailbox from litigation hold in exchange online using Power Shell(Manual)"
Azure Automation: Run SQL command on Azure SQL (Manual)
How cool would it be to automate your daily SQL tasks using Azure Automation? Well, really cool off course! So lets start using Azure Automation! So go ahead, if you don't have an automation account yet, create one by going to Automation Accounts.
Give your automation account an name, choose a subscription, resource group and a location and hit the create button!
Continue reading "Azure Automation: Run SQL command on Azure SQL (Manual)"
How to use Azure Automation to maintain SQL indexes and statistics
When you migrate to Azure SQL, you might think that Azure does all SQL maintenance, including the maintenance of your database… But the truth is, you will need to setup some maintenance yourself for your databases. Microsoft doesn't know what is best for your application or database. With this manual you should be able to setup basic database maintenance on Azure SQL.
Prerequisites
Manual
STEP 1: Login to your Azure SQL Database using SQL Management studio.
Continue reading "How to use Azure Automation to maintain SQL indexes and statistics"
Setup Azure File Share with AD authentication (Manual)
With the traditional file server coming to a end, it is time to move along with Azure File Share and AD authentication.
This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is image-1.png
Pre-requisites:
STEP 1: First, let's create a new storage account
Continue reading "Setup Azure File Share with AD authentication (Manual)"
Lock down Microsoft Team creation (Manual)
By default everyone may create a new team in Microsoft Teams. As an organisation admin you might want to control this, or release it a some point. With this manual you should be able to lock down team creation to users that are member of a Azure AD Security group.
STEP 1: First we will need to install the Preview version of the Azure Active Directory PowerShell module for Graph. Open a PowerShell window with Adminstrator privileges and run the following 2 commands:
Uninstall-Module AzureAD
Install-Module AzureADPreview
STEP 2: Now we will need to connect to Azure-AD to perform the necessary actions. Sign in with an admin account when prompted.
#Connect to AAD
$AzureAdCred = Get-Credential
Connect-AzureAD -Credential $AzureAdCred
STEP 3: In Azure AD using the Azure portal (_URL_), create a new security group.
STEP 4: Enter the name of your security group on the top line, and run the following script.
$GroupName = "Your Security Group Name"
$AllowGroupCreation = "False"
$settingsObjectID = (Get-AzureADDirectorySetting | Where-object -Property Displayname -Value "Group.Unified" -EQ).id
 if(!$settingsObjectID)
 {
 $template = Get-AzureADDirectorySettingTemplate | Where-object {$_.displayname -eq "group.unified"}
 $settingsCopy = $template.CreateDirectorySetting()
 New-AzureADDirectorySetting -DirectorySetting $settingsCopy
 $settingsObjectID = (Get-AzureADDirectorySetting | Where-object -Property Displayname -Value "Group.Unified" -EQ).id
 }
 $settingsCopy = Get-AzureADDirectorySetting -Id $settingsObjectID
 $settingsCopy["EnableGroupCreation"] = $AllowGroupCreation
 if($


The project DER-IREC 22@ MicroGrid seeks the implementation of a microgrid at IREC facilities in Barcelona, interconnected to the distribution network of ENDESA in which is incorporated as specific load the electric vehicle.
This deliverable entitled "Detailed description of the implementation of virtual descriptive nodes" is part of work package PT240 which is entitled "Implementation and evaluation of communications model" that is contained within the work package PT200 coordinated by CINERGIA and deals with the study of the communications architecture of the microgrid.
This document is intended to give details on the software implementation of the iSockets and iNodes of the microgrid.
This document firstly explains the implementation of the iSockets from the functional point of view to the software architecture, specifying the data model used and the management and control of different functions involved in the application.
Secondly, details the implementation of the iNode from the standpoint of functional design, with particular emphasis on the use of user function library.
Finally, as a design guide, explains the steps for developing a custom iNode application using Visual Studio and the user libraries, concluding this section with an example application.


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OxyGuard CO2 Stationary
The OxyGuard CO2 is a reliable and easy to use instrument that measures the free dissolved carbon dioxide concentration directly in the water. The CO2 concentration is shown on the display, and there is an analogue output.
The OxyGuard CO2 measures the free dissolved CO2 directly and is not affected by carbonates or other dissolved substances. It is the free dissolved CO2 – in other words the CO2 gas partial pressure – that affects the fish. The OxyGuard CO2 thus gives simple, continuous and direct measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the water that will affect the fish.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Meet our Communications and Public Information Director
City of Oak Park
14000 Oak Park Blvd.
Oak Park, MI 48237
Boards and Commissions:
Communications & Public Information
The central mission of the Communications and Public Information Department is to serve as an effective communication and engagement conduit between the City of Oak Park and its community members, including residents, the business community, community stakeholders, and the media. The department creates a streamlined process that opens and invites lines of communication and interaction through the creation, development, implementation, and evaluation of communication initiatives. Department objectives include:
- Strengthening the City's brand;
- Effectively managing and maximizing the quality of the City's existing communications;
- Increasing engagement, support, and participation in City initiatives, programs, services, and activities;
- Helping the City earn favorable and supportive media coverage; and
- Helping the City earn exceptional customer service ratings in providing communication support.
The Communications and Public Information Department maximizes opportunities to:
- Inform and educate the public – Gain awareness, interest, and knowledge of the City's programs, activities, and services through the efficient dissemination of information that is accurate, relevant, easy to understand, appealing, timely, and appropriate. The ultimate goal is to foster an informed, supportive, and knowledgeable public.
- Encourage engagement and participation – Seek to open dialogue, create communication networks, and build relationships with the community. The ultimate goal is to create greater involvement and improved two-way communication between the City and its constituency that not only builds more support for government policy, process, and initiatives, but builds more supportive service to the community at large.
- Mobilize resources – Increase participation, volunteerism, sponsorship, and support through individuals and businesses that wish to become more active in the City's initiatives, economic development, boards and commissions, events, activities, and sponsorships.
The Communications and Public Information Department uses communication tools, opens networks, and builds relationships through five, community engagement channels:
- Print, Production, and Publication – Produces and disseminates print materials such as the City's annual report, calendar, newsletter, flyers, Community Resource Guide, and Resident Handbooks.
- Online Production – Manages, builds, and promotes the City's web content, online communications, social media communities, and marquee announcements.
- Media Relations – Builds relationships with the media, serves as frontline triage for media inquiries and crisis communications, and disseminates press materials.
- Community Relations – Actively participates in the planning, promotion, and implementation of City initiatives, programs, services, and events.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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How Do You Backup Apps in Lucky Patcher
1. Understanding the Importance of App Backups
Before we delve into the specifics of how do you backup apps in Lucky Patcher, it's essential to recognize why app backups are crucial. Backing up your apps provides the following benefits:
- Data Preservation: App backups safeguard your app data, including progress, settings, and in-app purchases, ensuring you don't lose valuable information.
- Safety Net: When experimenting with app modifications or updates, having a backup acts as a safety net. If something goes wrong, you can restore your app to its previous state.
2. How Do You Backup Apps in Lucky Patcher
Here's a step-by-step guide on how do you backup apps in Lucky Patcher:
- Download and Install Lucky Patcher: If you haven't already, download Lucky Patcher from a trusted source and enable "Install from Unknown Sources" in your device settings.
- Open Lucky Patcher: Launch the app, and you'll see a list of installed apps on your device.
- Select the App to Backup: Choose the app you want to back up from the list. Tap on it to view available options.
- Create a Backup: Select the "Backup" option. Lucky Patcher will create a backup of the app and its data, storing it on your device.
- Verify the Backup: Once the backup is complete, you can check it by navigating to the "Backup" folder in your device's storage. There, you'll find a folder named after the app with the backup files.
- Restore as Needed: In the future, if you want to restore the app to its backed-up state, you can do so through Lucky Patcher.
In conclusion, understanding how do you backup apps in Lucky Patcher is a valuable skill for Android users who want to safeguard their app data. It's a crucial step before making modifications or updates to ensure that you can revert to a stable state if necessary. By following the step-by-step guide provided in this article, you can efficiently use Lucky Patcher to create backups of your favorite apps and enjoy a worry-free app customization experience.


Sound Off
In the recent hit-and-run death of a Lawrence resident, the suspect was charged with two felonies: leaving the scene of an accident involving the death of a person and failure to report an accident. What are the possible punishments for these crimes?
Both offenses are considered severity level 9 "person" offenses by Kansas statute, and both carry possible prison sentences of 11 to 13 months. However, both are also classified as "presumptive probation" offenses by the Kansas Sentencing Guidelines grid, meaning that a judge could sentence an offender to either prison or probation.
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The first known representation of Britannia as a female figure sitting on a globe, leaning with one arm on a shield, and grasping a spear in the other hand, is on a Roman coin of Antoninus Pius, who died A.D. 161. The figure reappeared on our copper coin in the reign of Charles II., 1665, and the model was Miss Stewart, afterwards created Duchess of Richmond. The engraver was Philip Roetier, 1665. In 1825 W. Wyon made a new design.
"The King's new medall, where, in little, there is Mrs. Stewart's face,... and a pretty thing it is, that he should choose her face to represent Britannia by," —Pepys' Diary (25 Feb.).
Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894
More on Britannia from Infoplease:


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© Mídia Ninja
written by Deirdre de Burca, Forus Advocacy coordinator
The political slogan "power to the people "is currently playing out across many countries of the world. In Europe and globally, social movements are manifesting and becoming active. Ordinary people are taking to the streets, articulating their concerns, calling for action and using various forms of protest to try to disrupt traditional thinking and behaviour. An extensive analysis from Deirdre de Burca, Forus Advocacy coordinator to explain why NGOs should engage more with social movements.
NGOs around the world are currently reflecting on how they can best connect and engage with the social movements active in their countries. Many believe that social movements regard NGOs as "part of the system" and irrelevant to their activities.
For this reason, the European civil society alliance "SDG Watch Europe" recently organised a day-long capacity training day for its national members including a session on "Connecting and Engaging with Social Movements".
I was pleased to be present on behalf of Forus for this session. This allowed me to hear what the representatives of a social movement and citizen's association active in Belgium have to say about the possibilities for working more closely with NGOs. These were Extinction Rebellion (_URL_ and Citizen's Platform for Refugee Support (_URL_
The discussion was well structured and addressed the following questions:
- What kind of role do social movements play in the implementation of sustainability? Is sustainability reflected in their strategies and in what way?
- Where do their successes lie, and what are their limits?
- How can CSOs engage, interact, and partner with social movements in a meaningful, mutually beneficial way?
The exchange of views between the two social movements and the NGOs present was wide-ranging and extremely interesting, A summary of the key insights I gathered from this exchange are as follows:
- The work of many social movements promotes sustainability in all its dimensions – social, environmental, economic and governance. These movements want to play their part in helping to promote a massive planetary shift towards a more sustainable future (eg Extinction Rebellion focuses on the climate emergency facing humanity and Citizen's Platform for Refugee Response supports refugees escaping conflict and climate changerelated crises in their countries).
- Social movements recognise that their agility, flexibility and responsiveness are essential to their success. They recognise that a much greater level of formality and even "bureaucracy" applies the functioning and decision-making of NGOs Social movements are not interested in collaborating more closely with NGOs if this will compromise their flexibility and speed of action and response.
- Extinction Rebellion and other social movements engage in different forms of civil disobedience as part of their campaigns of disruption linked to public awareness raising and to pressurising political systems. They recognise that many NGOs are prohibited from engaging in acts of civil disobedience linked to donor and funding conditions.
- Social movements believe that there are numerous ways in which NGOs can be more supportive of their actions and campaigns. Social movements feel they could benefit from NGOs sharing some of their resources with them – including meeting rooms, technical equipment, funding and expertise.
- Social movements believe that the pressure their disruptive campaigning and actions bring to bear on politicians subsequently creates more "space" for the policy and advocacy work of NGOs which is directed at political systems to be more effective.
- Social movements are less likely to approach NGOs regarding the possibility of closer collaboration than the other way around. NGOs are therefore better placed to do outreach to social movements and to begin discussions about the scope that exists for greater co-operation.
In summary, closer collaboration between NGOs and social movements could be very mutually beneficial. NGOs are likely to benefit from the increased credibility and legitimacy linked to working alongside grassroots social movements. On the other hand, social movements would benefit from having access, through NGOs, to assets which they do not possess such as meeting spaces, technical equipment, funding, and policy and technical expertise.
NGOs may need to initiate contact with the social movements in order to discuss what kind of collaboration is possible. It will be important for both actors to remember that their roles should be complementary and based on a strong respect for each other's differences.
If NGOs can support the campaigns and actions of social movements without trying to control them, it is likely that significant benefits will accrue. These benefits will include greater public legitimacy and credibility for NGOs, as well as encouraging political systems to be more open to engaging with their policy and advocacy work.


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Based on the functions of the basic module PSIroads-OM provides functions for maintenance and fault management for telematic infrastructure as well as traffic management functions. The main functions are:
- Service Manual: In the service manuals all actions are defined to be performed during maintenance for each equipment or type of equipment. Each action has a cycle time and checklists to document the execution.
- Order Generator: Based on the defined service manuals maintenance orders can be generated for all equipment. The maintenance tasks are assigned to the service provider automatically according to their responsibilities.
- Planning and scheduling: Maintenance orders are scheduled and monitored annually and weekly on dispatching boards. In addition to the automatic generation and allocation maintenance orders can also be created and dispatched manually. Gantt diagrams, functions of determining responsibility and audits of resource bottlenecks are supporting the user.
- Availability check: The execution of maintenance orders is automatically checked and the equipment availability determined. This is the basis for strategic maintenance scheduling. Problems specific to equipment can be identified fast and can be reduced by appropriate maintenance strategies.
- Warehouse management: The availabilty of materials used for maintenance work. With PSIroad warehouses and warehouse positions can be managed. Material used in maintenence orders is updated automatically in the warehouse.
- Fault Management: Faults are detected automatically by events of the monitored telematic infrastructure or can be entered manually. Depending on the type of faults orders are created and assigned to the service provider. The status of fault clearing is monitored. Repairs over the agreed recovery times can be penalized.
- Performance Management: The operation states of monitored telematic infrastructure (such as accessibility, error counters, work load) can be monitored constantly. Deviations from the normal states are logged and forwarded according to theire severity as faults to the fault management.
- Help Desk: Hotlines are supported by parameterizable interviews. In interviews, answers to questions for isolatinge problems are logged. Depending on the answers context related follow-up questions are offered to the user. Recurring problems can be answered in this way, simply and effectively.


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This project, conducted by Doctor Javier Díaz Castro and directed by professors Margarita Sánchez Campos, Mª Inmaculada López Aliaga and Mª José Muñoz Alférez, focuses on the comparison between the nutritional properties of goat milk and cow milk, both with normal calcium content and calcium enriched, against the bioavailability of iron, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. To carry out this study, the metabolic balance technique has been used both in rats with experimentally induced nutritional ferropenic anaemia and in a control group of rats.
In order to know how the nutritive utilisation of these minerals may affect their metabolic distribution and destination, the UGR researcher has determined the concentration of these minerals in the different organs involved in their homeostatic regulation and different haematological parameters in relation to the metabolism of the minerals.
Better results with goat milk
Results obtained in the study reveal that ferropenic anaemia and bone demineralisation caused by this pathology have a better recovery with goat milk. Due to the higher bioavailability of iron, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, the restoration of altered haematological parameters and the better levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), a hormone that regulates the calcium balance in the organism was found in the rats that consumed this food.
Javier Díaz Castro points out that the inclusion of goat milk with normal or double calcium content in the diet "favours digestive and metabolic utilisation of iron, calcium and phosphorus and their deposit in target organs - parts of the organism to which these minerals are preferably sent - involved in their homeostatic regulation".
According to this researcher, all these conclusions reveal that regular consumption of goats' milk – a natural food with highly beneficial nutritional characteristics - "has positive effects on mineral metabolism, recovery from ferropenic anaemia and bone mineralisation in rats. In addition, and unlike observations in cow milk, its calcium enrichment does not interfere in the bioavailability of the minerals studied".
Although there is no doubt that these findings may be a base for further in depth study of the multiple health benefits of goat milk, the UGR [_URL_] researcher warns that "studies in humans are still required in order to confirm the findings obtained in rats and to promote goats' milk consumption both in the general population and in the population affected by nutritional ferropenic anaemia and pathologies related to bone demineralisation". Part of the results of this research has been published in the prestigious scientific journals International Dairy Journal and Journal Dairy Science.Reference:
Tel.: +34 958 24 83 19 / +34 654 57 44 34. Email: _EMAIL_.
Antonio Marín Ruiz | alfa
Amputees can learn to control a robotic arm with their minds
28.11.2017 | University of Chicago Medical Center
The importance of biodiversity in forests could increase due to climate change
17.11.2017 | Deutsches Zentrum für integrative Biodiversitätsforschung (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig
MPQ scientists achieve long storage times for photonic quantum bits which break the lower bound for direct teleportation in a global quantum network.
Concerning the development of quantum memories for the realization of global quantum networks, scientists of the Quantum Dynamics Division led by Professor...
Researchers have developed a water cloaking concept based on electromagnetic forces that could eliminate an object's wake, greatly reducing its drag while...
Tiny pores at a cell's entryway act as miniature bouncers, letting in some electrically charged atoms--ions--but blocking others. Operating as exquisitely sensitive filters, these "ion channels" play a critical role in biological functions such as muscle contraction and the firing of brain cells.
To rapidly transport the right ions through the cell membrane, the tiny channels rely on a complex interplay between the ions and surrounding molecules,...
The miniaturization of the current technology of storage media is hindered by fundamental limits of quantum mechanics. A new approach consists in using so-called spin-crossover molecules as the smallest possible storage unit. Similar to normal hard drives, these special molecules can save information via their magnetic state. A research team from Kiel University has now managed to successfully place a new class of spin-crossover molecules onto a surface and to improve the molecule's storage capacity. The storage density of conventional hard drives could therefore theoretically be increased by more than one hundred fold. The study has been published in the scientific journal Nano Letters.
Over the past few years, the building blocks of storage media have gotten ever smaller. But further miniaturization of the current technology is hindered by...
With innovative experiments, researchers at the Helmholtz-Zentrums Geesthacht and the Technical University Hamburg unravel why tiny metallic structures are extremely strong
Light-weight and simultaneously strong – porous metallic nanomaterials promise interesting applications as, for instance, for future aeroplanes with enhanced...
11.12.2017 | Event News
08.12.2017 | Event News
07.12.2017 | Event News
12.12.2017 | Physics and Astronomy
12.12.2017 | Earth Sciences
12.12.2017 | Power and Electrical Engineering


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Crystal healing is a technique in which crystals and stones are used to cure ailments and protect against future diseases. The crystals act as a conduit for healing by allowing positive energy to flow into the body, whilst providing a pathway for negative energy to flow out.
The practice of using crystals to heal has been seen since the very early days of humanity, in the form of amulets and talismans, although we have no real way of knowing the earliest date that these objects were used.
- 30,000 years ago - Some of the oldest amulets found in Britain were made of Baltic amber, and can be dated back to around 30,000 years ago in some cases. The sheer distance that these stones and amulets travelled shows just how valued they were to the people of the time.
- Palaeolithic era – Jet beads, bracelets, and necklaces were discovered in gravesites in Belgium and Switzerland from the times.
- Ancient Sumaria - The first historical reference to the use of crystals was from ancient Sumaria, where they were included in magic formulas.
- Ancient Egypt –The ancient Egyptians used crystals like lapis lazuli, carnelian, turquoise, clear quartz, and emerald in their amulets and jewellery for health and protection.
- Ancient Greece –Many of the names that we give crystals today originated from the ancient Greek language. The word 'crystal' comes from the Greek for 'ice'; it was believed that clear quartz was water that had frozen so deeply it would remain solid forever. The word 'amethyst' means 'not drunken' and amethyst amulets were worn to prevent drunkenness and hangovers. Hematite is derived from the Greek word for blood due to the red colour it turns when it oxidises, and soldiers would rub ground hematite on their bodies before battle as they believed it would make them invulnerable.
- Ancient China –Jade was the favoured healing stone of the ancient Chinese people, and it is still very much valued today. This green stone was recognised by the Chinese for its kidney healing abilities and the colour is thought to bring luck.
- Renaissance period –During the Renaissance period in Europe, which began in the 11thcentury, precious and semi-precious stones were used alongside herbal remedies to heal the sick.
- The 1600s – In 1609 Anselmus de Boot, the court physician to Rudolf II of Germany, proposed that the virtue of a gemstone was due to the presence of good or bad angels. Later on int he same century, Thomas Nichols put forward the belief that gems, as inanimate objects, could not possess healing effects, and so crystal healing fell out of favour across Europe.
- The 1980s –A New Age dawned in the 1980s, and the use of crystals and gemstones in healing began to regain popularity. Much of the modern day practice is drawn from the old methods and adapted to suit our time now that we have more information about how to channel the positive effects of crystals within the body.


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Get involved: send your photos, videos, news & views by texting OXFORD NEWS to 80360 or email us
It's snow problem for hardy Alpacas
Buy this photo » Rocky the Alpaca
THE snow has meant more rations and warmer bedding for most of the animals at Millet's Farm Centre near Abingdon.
But Alpacas Rocky and Eismann have also been showing off the skills that make them some of the world's hardiest animals.
While the county shivers in freezing temperatures, Rocky and Eismann have been keeping warm thanks to their thick Peruvian fur, or fibre.
And they've also been using their heads – and their noses and tongues – to reach the tasty grass buried beneath the snow.
Millet's outdoor animal keeper, Malcolm Skinner, 46, explained: "Alpacas are used to extremely cold temperatures, originating as they do from the Andes mountains.
"While most of the other animals here have been eating extra hay, Rocky and Eismann prefer to scratch and nuzzle, using their toes to burrow into the snow, before searching the green grass out with their mouths and long tongues."
Alpacas come from the highest regions of the Andes mountains in Peru and are bred mostly for their fibre – a thick, silky fur which not only keeps them warm, but is also used for making very soft, knitted and woven items.
Mr Skinner continued: "We have been giving the ponies, guinea pigs, sheep, goats and pigs extra warm bedding and more food than usual, but Rocky and Eismann are undeterred by this weather.
"People love seeing their woolly coats and although they fight a bit amongst themselves and are not that fond of dogs, they are pretty friendly animals."
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Sales and Use Tax Calculation feature
The result is that you can use the KampData TaxEngine to calculate tax outside of Microsoft Dynamics GP with no additional tax setup required.
Call the DocCalculateTax method to calculate or re-calculate the tax. When this method is called, tax detail records will be created in the Transaction Tax table. When an order is created outside of Dynamics and subsequently imported into Dynamics, Tax Detail records should be created in the appropriate Dynamics transaction tax table. For SOP this table is the Sales Taxes Work And History table. The following tax detail data can be retrieved from the Transaction Tax table or by using the KampData TaxEngine methods and properties such as the following:
- DetailTaxDetailID property
- DetailAccountIndex property
- DetailTaxedAmount property
- DetailTaxAmount property
The document tax details can be retrieved as an ArrayList using the DocTaxDetails method. Alternately you can step through the tax details one by one using DocTaxDetail method. The number of tax details available to step through can be retrieved using the DocTaxDetailsCount method.


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This example shows how to do freerun signal tracing using an Simulink® Real-Time™ host scope. After the script builds and downloads the oscillator model, xpcosc, to the target computer, it adds a scope of type 'host' to the real-time application and the signals 'Integrator1' and 'Signal Generator' to the scope. The application is started and the host scope is used for data acquisition and display. Note:
The model sample time is 250 usec.
The scope is set to acquire 200 samples with a decimation factor of 4.
This corresponds to a display length of 250e-6 * 200 * 4 = 0.2 seconds.
The scope is started in Freerun mode, and its status is monitored until it reaches the 'Finished' state. Next, the scope data is uploaded to the development computer and plotted. This process repeats 25 times. After every fifth run, the damping gain 'Gain1/Gain' is set to a new random value.
Use'slrtpingtarget' to test the connection between the development and target computers.
if ~strcmp(slrtpingtarget,'success') error(message('xPCTarget:examples:Connection')); end
Open the oscillator model, xpcosc. Under the model's configuration parameter Simulink Real-Time option settings, the system target file has been set to slrt.tlc. Hence, building the model will create an executable image, xpcosc.dlm, that can be run on a computer booted with the Simulink Real-Time kernel.
Build the model and download the image, xpcosc.dlm, to the target computer.
set_param('xpcosc','RTWVerbose','off'); % Configure for a non-Verbose build. rtwbuild('xpcosc'); % Build and download application.
### Starting Simulink Real-Time build procedure for model: xpcosc ### Generated code for 'xpcosc' is up to date because no structural, parameter or code replacement library changes were found. ### Successful completion of build procedure for model: xpcosc ### Looking for target: TargetPC1 ### Download model onto target: TargetPC1
Create the MATLAB® variable, tg, containing the Simulink Real-Time target object. This object allows you to communicate with and control the target computer.
tg = SimulinkRealTime.target; % Create a Simulink Real-Time target object tg.SampleTime = 0.000250; % Set sample time to 250us tg.StopTime = 10000; % Set stop time to a high value (10000s) start(tg); % Start model execution
Create, configure, and plot to the host scope during each run.
tPar = getparamid(tg, 'Gain1', 'Gain'); % Get index of parameter 'Gain1/Gain' signals(1) = getsignalid(tg, 'Integrator1'); % Get index of signal 'Integrator1' signals(2) = getsignalid(tg, 'Signal Generator'); % Get index of signal 'Signal Generator' sc = addscope(tg, 'host'); % Define (add) a host scope object addsignal(sc, signals); % Add signals to signal list of scope object sc.NumSamples = 200; % Set number of samples sc.Decimation = 4; % Set decimation factor sc.TriggerMode = 'Freerun'; % Set trigger mode figh = findobj('Name','scfreerundemo');% Does the plot figure exist? if isempty(figh) figh = figure; % No: Create figure set(figh, 'Name','scfreerundemo', 'NumberTitle', 'off'); else figure(figh); % Yes: Make it the current figure end % Loop to acquire 25 data packages from the scope object. m = 1; flag = 0; for n = 1 : 25 if isempty(find(get(0, 'Children') == figh, 1)), flag = 1; break; end % Change parameter Gain1/Gain every fifth acquisition loop % to a random value between 0 and 2000. if ~m setparam(tg, tPar, 2*1000*rand); end m = rem(m + 1, 5); start(sc); % Start scope object % Wait until scope-object has 'finished' acquiring the data. while ~strcmpi(sc.Status,'finished'); end; % Create time vector, upload scope data and display it. t = sc.Time; % Upload time vector plot(t,sc.Data); % Upload acquired data and plot title(['scfreerundemo: ',num2str(n),' of 25 data packages']); set(gca,'XLim',[t(1), t(end)]); set(gca,'YLim',[-10, 10]); drawnow; end if ~flag, title('scfreerundemo: finished'); end
When done, stop the application and close the model.
stop(tg); % Stop model close_system('xpcosc',0); % Close model


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- Abstract: We present Optimal Completion Distillation (OCD), a training procedure for optimizing sequence to sequence models based on edit distance. OCD is efficient, has no hyper-parameters of its own, and does not require pre-training or joint optimization with conditional log-likelihood. Given a partial sequence generated by the model, we first identify the set of optimal suffixes that minimize the total edit distance, using an efficient dynamic programming algorithm. Then, for each position of the generated sequence, we use a target distribution which puts equal probability on the first token of all the optimal suffixes. OCD achieves the state-of-the-art performance on end-to-end speech recognition, on both Wall Street Journal and Librispeech datasets, achieving $9.3\%$ WER and $4.5\%$ WER, respectively.
- Keywords: Sequence Learning, Edit Distance, Speech Recognition, Deep Reinforcement Learning
- TL;DR: Optimal Completion Distillation (OCD) is a training procedure for optimizing sequence to sequence models based on edit distance which achieves state-of-the-art on end-to-end Speech Recognition tasks.


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Reliability evaluation of interconnection network is important to the design and maintenance of multiprocessor systems. Extra connectivity and conditional diagnosability are two crucial subjects for a multiprocessor system's ability to tolerate and diagnose faulty processors. However, the extra connectivity and conditional diagnosability of many well-known networks have been independently investigated. Fault diagnosis of general regular graph is more meaningful than that of special graph. In this paper, the relationship between extra connectivity and conditional diagnosability of regular graphs is explored. First, we determine that the conditional diagnosability under the PMC model equals 3-extra connectivity plus 1 or 3-extra connectivity plus 2. Finally, we give empirical analysis on extra connectivity and conditional diagnosability of some graphs by our proposed relationship.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Theoretical Computer Science
- Computer Networks and Communications
- Computational Theory and Mathematics
- Applied Mathematics


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Banana rots the fastest in both room temperature and refrigerator and the apple rots the slowest in room temperature and refrigerator. This means that the bananas don't last really long before they rot and the apple lasts along time before it rots. That will be Bananas and pears.
- 1 What fruit molds the fastest?
- 2 Why does a banana rot faster than an apple?
- 3 What fruit browns the fastest?
- 4 What causes fruit to rot faster?
- 5 How fast does a banana mold?
- 6 Why does a banana grow mold?
- 7 Why should you not put bananas with other fruit?
- 8 Can you ripen an apple?
- 9 Why do avocados ripen next to bananas?
- 10 What is the fastest rotting food?
- 11 What browns faster apple or banana?
- 12 Why do Granny Smith apples turn brown?
- 13 Why does fruit get moldy?
- 14 What causes an apple to rot?
- 15 What will happen if fruits are damaged?
What fruit molds the fastest?
What foods grow mold the fastest? Fruits/Vegetables As moisture allows bacteria to breed, juicier fruits and vegetables, such as peaches, plums, tomatoes and cucumbers, are more likely to get moldy quicker than are those with harder peels and rinds, such as bananas, apples, peppers and squash.
Why does a banana rot faster than an apple?
Bananas ripen faster than apples because they are more sensitive, as they have softer cellular tissues. This also speeds up ripening, which if allowed to continue for too long a period, they will rot.
What fruit browns the fastest?
Once exposed to oxygen, enzymes in the apple begin converting natural chemicals called polyphenols into 'melanin', an iron-containing compound that gives the flesh a brown, rusty colour. The reaction happens quickly, and so a sliced apple can start to turn brown in only a few minutes.
What causes fruit to rot faster?
Some of the primary culprits are air, moisture, light, temperature, and microbial growth. Most fruits and vegetables spoil easily because of damage caused by microorganisms. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and molds need water and nutrients for growth, energy and reproduction.
How fast does a banana mold?
My original question was "Which Fruit does Mold Grow the Fastest on?" From my experiment I found out that the banana grows mold the fastest, with a time of 6-7 days, then the orange with a time of 7-9 days.
Why does a banana grow mold?
Because bananas are soft inside and out, they are susceptible to certain threats that make them unusable. Your bananas may also start to mold as they rot, so look for spores on the surface of the peel. Mold on a banana peel looks similar to the mold on bread, and if you see it, the bananas have to be thrown away.
Why should you not put bananas with other fruit?
There's a reason why you should keep apples or bananas separate from other fruit. These two — and others — produce large amounts of ethylene gas, the so-called "fruit ripening hormone." As they reach maturity, their ethylene levels increase, according to the University of Maine Extension.
Can you ripen an apple?
The bottom line: Apples don't ripen nor improve in quality at home after they're picked. You may have seen on another website that apples will ripen after being picked. This leads many consumers to the (false) belief that if they have unripe apples at home, they can let them ripen on the counter or in a cool place.
Why do avocados ripen next to bananas?
Many ripening fruit produce the hydrocarbon gas ethylene as they ripen, which itself triggers more ripening. Bananas are especially productive sources of the gas, and putting one that's in the process of going brown next to apples, pears or hard avocados will greatly speed up their ripening.
What is the fastest rotting food?
20 Foods That Spoil the Fastest
- Green Beans.
What browns faster apple or banana?
I was right that the apples turn brown faster because, when apples been cut open air rushes in to the apple to make it age after just about several minutes. Bananas on the other side doesn't turn brown that fast because it is less likely to age. 34min. 35min.
Why do Granny Smith apples turn brown?
When an apple is cut, enzymes (and iron in the apple) chemically react with oxygen. The fruit quickly begins to oxidize, and its flesh turns brown.
Why does fruit get moldy?
Mold often grows on fruit because the conditions are just right to culture the spores. Since fruit is moist, it is ground zero for harboring this microscopic fungi. Fruit provides the nutrients and moisture for mold to thrive. Mold spores, in this case, usually travel through the air and land on the fruit's surface.
What causes an apple to rot?
Apples turn brown because of a chemical reaction called "oxidation", which is caused by oxygen from the air. Oxygen is one of the most reactive chemicals known, and there are many kinds of oxidation reactions. The fridge does not stop chemical reactions, so bacteria will still rot the food eventually.
What will happen if fruits are damaged?
It also turns fruit and vegetables brown. When fruit tissue is damaged because of heat, cold, age or mechanical stress, its cells break open and the phenolic compounds and the enzyme are released and mix with oxygen in the air. As a result the damaged tissue turns brown almost immediately.


text:
- Open Access
Routine pre-employment echocardiography assessment in young adults: cost and benefits
The Egyptian Heart Journal volume 73, Article number: 3 (2021)
Conventional echocardiography is a safe, available, and accurate tool for cardiac structural and functional evaluation, but it should not cancel clinical assessment and history tacking, and indeed both are complementary. A pre-employment assessment is important for employees and community safety and suitability for a specific work requirement.
Aiming to assess the value of routine pre-employment echocardiography for the detection of cardiac abnormalities, we examined seven hundred ninety-five persons who were routinely referred to us for pre-employment conventional echocardiography. Only 9 persons had structural cardiac abnormalities (1.3%) and distributed as follows: two had bicuspid aortic valve with isolated aortic regurgitation, one of them had mild AR, and the other had moderate AR. Two cases had mitral valve prolapse, one of them had trivial MR, while the other had a flail anterior leaflet with severe MR. One patient had atrial septal defect 1.5 cm with mild pulmonary hypertension and right-sided chambers dilatation. One patient had dextrocardia (situs inversus totalis) without other cardiac problems. One had moderate pulmonary hypertension and modest right-sided chambers dilation. Two patients had left ventricular hypertrophy. Surprisingly, we did not detect rheumatic valvular heart disease. The money cost of echocardiography tests for those 795 persons was 198,750 Egyptian pounds (LE); their transportation cost was about 19.800LE. The total group time cost of the tests was 265 h, total time lost at the waiting room was 1590 h, total transportation time lose was 2385 h, so the total time cost was about 4000 h. Using psychological stress questionnaire, 33 participants (4.2%) had results suggestive of a low sense of psychological pressure due to echocardiography examination, 221 participants (27.8%) had results suggestive of a moderate feeling of stress, while 541 participants (68%) had results suggestive of a high sense of stress.
We recommend against routine echocardiography for cardiac assessment in pre-employment assessment and to do it only for persons with abnormal clinical or ECG findings.
Assessment of fitness for work definition is the assessment of a worker's capacity to work without risk to their own or others' health and safety. The medical examination offers several purposes for the benefit of the employer and the employee. It is done to ensure that the prospective employee has no "serious medical condition" and he is "physically and mentally" suitable for the job offered. But in some jobs, the demands of the work requirements that the prospective employee should meet the minimum required medical standards to qualify for the appointment .
Despite the argument about the practical benefits of screening tests, there is a true desire to screen populations under cardiovascular risk; the screening aims to detect underlying diseases or abnormalities and subsequently reduce morbidity and mortality, but unfortunately, there is no agreement about the most proper and reliable test which can effectively detect the disease or abnormalities .
The leading cause of sudden cardiac death is well known which is a cardiovascular disease as silent ischemic heart disease, lethal arrhythmias, and myocardial diseases as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, so early detection, diagnosis, and proper management of silent cardiovascular diseases are of great importance .
The AHA guidelines recommended a fourteen elements comprehensive medical questionnaire of the personal and family history and physical examination as a guide for examiners to use it when they perform the pre-participation examinations for adolescent athletes (Table 1) .
Also, the US military recommended mandatory screening for cardiovascular disease military recruits using screening questionnaires and physical examination, but ECG is only performed in selective cases guided by history, symptoms, or physical data, and as a routine for aviation duty and in soldiers > 40 years old .
Nistri et al. used data from 34,910 persons ≥ 18 years old at the military screening program from 1992 to 1996 based on history-taking, physical examination, and routine ECG, and they found 8% had abnormalities and were referred for echocardiographic examination; echocardiography revealed that 0.7% of them had a new HCM diagnosis .
Unfortunately, personal history, family history, and physical examination have low sensitivity to detect many diseases and abnormalities that can cause sudden cardiac death .
A retrospective study of suddenly died competitive athletes revealed only < 5% of them had a confirmed cardiovascular diagnosis after screening with standard history and physical examination .
For example, by ECG only you can detect ion channelopathies and Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. Many structural cardiac diseases which may lead to SCD, symptoms, family history of heart disease, and clinical signs are infrequent findings. For example in HCM, a systolic murmur is audible at rest in 25% of patients and with dynamic auscultation, it is audible in an additional 50% .
The British Army screening system although they described transthoracic echocardiography as relatively cheap, fast, and accessible in cardiac screening for potential recruits, they considered the need for professionals specialized in echocardiography increases the cost of the screening system and reduces the number of patients that can be investigated. Their final recommendation was to perform routine echocardiography only when the cost is a less important factor and the numbers of participants are low, as screening professional football players . So, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the International Cycling Union (UCI), and the U.S. National Basketball Association (NBA) perform routine echocardiography in the primary screening tests in asymptomatic athletes .
The pre-employment screening test is just one factor of many factors used to judge the suitability of someone for the job. We cannot ignore the psychological stress induced by the pre-employment test. "Fear of failure to individuals who tie their self-worth to the outcome of pre-employment assessment" is particularly true for prospective employees, as the evaluative and competitive nature of the process of job application often causes feelings of anxiety, frustration, and distress .
Aim of the study
We aimed to assess the usefulness and cost of using echocardiography as routine practice in pre-employment assessment.
This a prospective survey study included 795 young persons (772 males, 23 females), with an age range between 20 and 31 years referred for routine echocardiography assessment as a screening test before employment in a variety of manual work jobs on railway lines and maintenance workshops of Egypt Railways, at the period between 1/2020 and 4/2020.
Also, a full cardiac examination was done for all subjects with special concerns for BP, cardiac murmurs, and dynamic auscultation to avoid missing LVOT obstruction, also a routine assessment of peripheral and femoral pulsations to detect aortic coarctation.
Routine 12-lead ECG was obtained to assess electrical abnormalities, myocardial ischemia, or chambers abnormalities. We did ECG at speed 25 mm/s with normal standardization (10 mm/1 mV) using automated mode.
Using the recommendations of last published American Society of Echocardiography , conventional transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography using Philips HD11 (Philips Medical Systems; Eindhoven, Netherland) machine was done routinely; we used basic echocardiographic views (left parasternal long and short axis, apical 4, apical 2, and apical 3 chambers views, subcostal and suprasternal views) while the subjects at a left lateral position and ECG gated to assess chambers sizes, myocardial mass, and LV wall thickness, ventricular systolic function (by M-Mode, and area length method when needed) and diastolic function (using pulsed-wave Doppler and pulsed wave tissue Doppler to calculate E/A, E'/A' and E/E'), valvular morphologies and functions, great vessels diameters, pericardium, and finally to exclude congenital abnormalities.
The echocardiography test cost and transportation cost of each person were obtained to be used for the calculation of total cost.
The time of echocardiography exam, transportation time, and waiting time for each subject was recorded.
As regards our knowledge, we did not find a questionnaire focusing on psychological stress induced by pe-employment medical assessment, so we developed the Pre-employment psychological Stress Scale (PSS) to assess and escalating the psychological stress induced by pre-employment medical assessment (Table 2).
The questionnaire was used to assess the person's psychological stress due to referral for echocardiography assessment. It contains (15) items, and suggested three alternatives for the answer (agree, rather agree, disagree), Key correction (3, 2, 1).
* The total score of the questionnaire ranges between 15 and 45°, where it indicates:
The range of degrees (15–25) suggested a low level of psychological stress.
The range of degrees (26–36) suggested a medium level of psychological stress.
The range of degrees (37–45) suggested a high level of psychological stress.
An exploratory study was conducted on an experimental sample representing the original study sample for the following aims:
Determining the psychometric properties of the scale used in the study, so the authors can carry out the basic study through a scale of enough validity and stability.
The exploratory sample represents the individuals of the basic sample in all its specifications (gender and age distributions) to standardize study scale on them through validity and stability inappropriate ways. The exploratory sample consisted of (80) individuals, males and females (78 males 79


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Saturday 15 June
Flap-necked chameleon (Chamaeleo dilepis)
Flap-necked chameleon fact file
- Find out more
- Print factsheet
Flap-necked chameleon description
The flap-necked chameleon's common name derives from the large, movable flaps that protrude from either side of the upper surface of its neck (2) (4). Normally these flaps lie flat, over a bony protuberance at the back of the head called a "casque" (2), but during threat displays to deter rivals or predators, they can be raised and angled at 90 degrees to the head (2) (4). Males can be distinguished from females by their taller casques, larger flaps and by the small spurs which protrude from the hind legs of some subspecies. At rest, the flap-necked chameleon's body colouration is usually light green, brown or yellow, with a light or dark stripe extending across the flanks. The flap-necked chameleon's body is diffusely marked with numerous dark spots, which become bright yellow or orange when it is excited or ready to mate (2). Two low crests formed from large conical scales run down the centre of the upper and lower surfaces of the body (2), with the lower crest beginning at the throat and continuing unbroken over the belly (5).
- Length: up to 38 cm (2)
Flap-necked chameleon biology
Usually found amongst the branches of trees and bushes, the flap-necked chameleon will occasionally descend to the ground in order to seek out new feeding grounds or a mate (7) (8). Like other chameleon species, the flap-necked chameleon has a number of special adaptations for hunting. Its eyes are located on cone-shaped turrets, which can move independently, allowing it to look in two different directions simultaneously, while searching for its insect prey. Once spotted, prey is caught by means of the flap-necked chameleon's remarkable, extensile tongue. The contraction of special muscles within the tongue rapidly propels it towards the prey, which is snared by a combination of the tongue's sticky mucous coating and a vacuum created by muscles in the tip (9).
When threatened, the flap-necked chameleon presents a dramatic display, rocking from side-to-side, while raising its neck flaps, expanding its throat pouch and gaping its mouth (4) (5). Female flap-necked chameleons are larger than the males and outcompete them for the most favourable areas within their habitat, where prey is most abundant (8). The short mating season is the only time when females will allow males to approach them without conflict. After mating, the female once again becomes aggressive to males, turning black and butting heads with any that approach (7). After a gestation period of around one month (6), the female digs a hole in which the eggs are buried (2). While clutch sizes of up to 60 eggs have been recorded in captivity, in the wild, clutch size may be significantly smaller (2). Hatching takes place around 9 months later (5), with the young reaching sexual maturity after 9 to 12 months (2).Top
Flap-necked chameleon range
One of the most widely distributed chameleon species (2) (6), the flap-necked chameleon is found throughout almost all of southern and central Africa, with the northern limits of its range extending from Nigeria and Cameroon in the west to Somalia and Ethiopia in the east (3).Top
Flap-necked chameleon habitat
The flap-necked chameleon occupies forest, bush and grassland savannah (7).Top
Flap-necked chameleon statusTop
Flap-necked chameleon threats
The flap-necked chameleon is one of the most extensively exported chameleon species with almost 50,000 individuals exported between 1977 and 2001. The greatest demand for these chameleons comes from the U.S.A. pet trade (6).Top
Flap-necked chameleon conservation
The flap-necked chameleon is listed on Appendix II of the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) and any international trade in this species is therefore strictly controlled and regulated by annual maximum export quotas (3). Despite its popularity in the pet trade, at the present time this species appears to be widespread and common (7). Nevertheless, without proper monitoring of the effects of harvesting for the pet trade, the flap-necked chameleon's population is at risk of undergoing a significant, but undetected, population decline (6).Top
Find out more
To learn more about reptile conservation visit:
International Reptile Conservation Foundation:
Authenticated (23/02/2009) by Edward I. Pollak, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania.Top
- The state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth.
- A population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species, but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species.
IUCN Red List (June, 2011)
AdCham.com (January, 2009)
CITES (June, 2011)
- Meyers, R.A. and Clarke, B.M. (1998) How do flap-necked chameleons move their flaps?. Copeia, 1998: 759 - 761.
- CarruthersV. (2005) The Wildlife of Southern Africa: A Field Guide to the Animals and Plants of the Region. Struik, Cape Town.
- Carpenter, A.I., Rowcliffe, J.M. and Watkinson, A.R. (2004) The dynamics of global trade in chameleons. Biological Conservation, 120: 291 - 301.
World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (January, 2009)
- Hebrard, J.J. and Madsen, T. (1984) Dry Season Intersexual Habitat Partitioning by Flap-Necked Chameleons (Chamaeleo dilepis) in Kenya. Biotropica, 16: 69 - 72.
- Halliday, T. and Adler, K. (2002) The New Encyclopedia of Reptile and Amphibians. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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NMI thread
From Nesdev wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Sprite 0 hit is used to split the screen.
There are three main ways that a game loop on the NES can be organized:
Main only
Game logic and output in the main loop, and only incrementing a flag in the NMI handler to let the main loop know that. The drawback is that it's very easy for music to slow down or for raster splits to fail if the game is using too much CPU time.
NMI only
Game logic and output with the NMI handler in an infinite JMP loop. always in this order: PPU, APU, read controls, game logic. For example, Super Mario Bros. uses this.
NMI and main
Game logic in the main loop, PPU and APU output in the NMI handler.
Waiting for vertical blank by waiting for the NMI handler to increment a flag is the simplest thing that could possibly work. And it does work for games without a status bar or for games whose upper limit on CPU use is easy to predict. It may also work for games whose mapper has a scanline counter that triggers an IRQ.
But once your game world becomes more complex, the simple method may cause problems. For example, consider a video game that has a status bar and several critters running around. It may occasionally take longer than one screen to process AI, physics, and display updates once enough critters with complex movement patterns are spawned, such as multiple Hammer Brothers in Super Mario Bros. or all the ducks turtles in the middle of World 3-7 of Super Mario Bros. 3. This will cause your game to slow down when an NMI occurs while your game is doing something else. And if your scanline counter is based on sprite 0 hit and not an IRQ, it will cause visual glitches as the status bar flickers.
So sometimes, it's useful to do more than the bare minimum in your NMI handler. To make a top status bar rock-solid in the face of excessive game logic, you can move VRAM uploads and sprite 0 handling into the NMI handler. The main program prepares VRAM updates in main RAM, and once the VRAM update request is ready, it turns on a flag VRAM_update_ready to let the NMI handler know. This is similar to multithreaded programming, but because the NMI handler itself is never interrupted, the locking can be much simpler than it is in multithreaded programming on a PC.
The NMI thread has these steps:
 1. Let the main program know that NMI has occurred, as in the simple method.
 2. Push all registers.
 3. If VRAM_update_ready is false, go to step 5.
 4. Copy data from the VRAM update request areas in RAM into VRAM and OAM.
 5. Set VRAM_update_ready to false.
 6. Set the scroll position using PPUCTRL and PPUSCROLL.
 7. (Optional) Run the music code.
 8. (Optional) Wait for sprite 0 hit and change the VRAM address.
 9. Pull all registers and return.
Make sure to do anything related to VRAM and OAM before other things like music. Vertical blanking time is valuable, and you should make the most of it.
Even though the NES CPU has only one NMI vector, ordinarily within ROM, it's possible to switch among multiple NMI handlers using a small amount of self-modifying code.
RTI_opcode = $40
JMP_opcode = $4C
.segment "BSS"
nmi_trampoline:.res 3
.segment "CODE"
; other code
 ldx _TAG_
 jsr change_nmi_handler
; other code
; Sets the NMI handler to the ISR whose code begins at YYXX.
; If an NMI occurs during this process, it will be ignored (RTI).
 lda _TAG_
 sta nmi_trampoline
 stx nmi_trampoline+1
 sty nmi_trampoline+2
 lda _TAG_
 sta nmi_trampoline
.segment "VECTORS"
 .addr nmi_trampoline, reset_handler, irq_trampoline
See Also


Unlimited Picture Puzzle
Unlimited Picture Puzzle
5,000 - 10,000 downloads
Add this app to your lists
Unlimited Picture Puzzle game is an advanced version of all puzzle games in which users can create their own puzzle by clicking images via camera. It has an excellent user interface and comes with a number of pre-loaded puzzle choices with different difficulty levels.
1) Unlimited picture puzzlesCreate your own puzzle via camera or select image from gallery.
2) User can select difficulty level on its own.
3) User can select images from its pre-loaded collection of HQ images through coverflow.
4) User can see "Puzzle Image" in 'Easy' and 'Intermediate' difficulty levels while playing.
5) Different images for different age groups.
6) Hints and sounds are set according to difficulty levels for the users.
7) User can see all scores with their respective images played by the user. User is also allowed to remove any selected score.
8) Coverflow for easy selection of images.
9) Play your favourite photo puzzle, image puzzle, picture puzzle, camera puzzle, slide puzzle in Coverflow, piece puzzle - using pieces of puzzle, brain puzzle, mind puzzle with challenging images, Any android puzzle which ever you want to play. Train your brain with brain with mind bending puzzles, brain training puzzle, mind game, brain puzzle, free puzzle, game for kid, smart puzzle, block puzzle, background image puzzle, box puzzle, kids puzzle, cube puzzle, Painting puzzle, horoscope puzzle, space puzzle, NASA puzzle, Everland puzzle, dinosaur puzzle, animal puzzle, gem puzzle, boss puzzle, mystic puzzle, cartoon puzzle, animated image puzzle, movie puzzle, celebrity puzzle, footbal players puzzle, singers puzzle, cars puzzle, bikes puzzle, flowers puzzle, sports puzzle, nature puzzle, gadgets puzzle, square, IQ puzzle.
Its a complete brain game.
Tags: pil picture puzzles.
Comments and ratings for Unlimited Picture Puzzle


mouse on the image to zoom
 - Y-Mouse location when the user press mouse on the image to zoom
 - Current X-Mouse location
 - Current Y-Mouse location
Create the 'Functions' layer on the main timeline and add the following code to the layer.
var bZoomRotateMode:Boolean = true;
var nMinimumWidth:Number = 75;
var nMaximumWidth:Number = 450;
function fnFindShortestDistance (point_x:Number, point_y:Number, line_x1:Number, line_y1:Number, line_x2:Number, line_y2:Number):Number
{
var A:Number = point_x - line_x1;
var B:Number = point_y - line_y1;
var C:Number = line_x2 - line_x1;
var D:Number = line_y2 - line_y1;
var nDiastance = Math.abs ((A * D) - (C * B)) / Math.sqrt ((C * C) + (D * D));
return nDiastance;
}
function fnFindDistanceInPoints (oPoint_1, oPoint_2):Number
{
var nLineLength:Number = Math.sqrt (Math.pow ((oPoint_1.x - oPoint_2.x), 2) + Math.pow ((oPoint_1.y - oPoint_2.y), 2));
return nLineLength;
}
function fnCheckIfToZoom (nStartX, nStartY, nEndX, nEndY)
{
var nSlopeOfLine:Number = (nEndY - nStartY) / (nEndX - nStartX);
var nPreviousY:Number = ((nSlopeOfLine) * (nStartX - 800 - nEndX)) + nEndY;
var nNextY:Number = ((nSlopeOfLine) * (nEndX + 800 - nEndX)) + nEndY;
var myPoint:Object = {x:mcImage.mcRestrict._x, y:mcImage.mcRestrict._y};
mcImage.localToGlobal (myPoint);
var nCirCentX:Number = myPoint.x;
var nCirCentY:Number = myPoint.y;
var nShortestDistance:Number = fnFindShortestDistance (nCirCentX, nCirCentY, nStartX, nStartY, nEndX, nEndY);
if (nShortestDistance <= (mcImage.mcRestrict._width / 2))
{
var oPoint_1:Object = new Object ();
var oPoint_2:Object = new Object ();
oPoint_1.x = nStartX;
oPoint_1.y = nStartY;
oPoint_2.x = nEndX;
oPoint_2.y = nEndY;
var nDisplacement:Number = fnFindDistanceInPoints (oPoint_1, oPoint_2);
var sZoomDirection:String = fnCheckQuadrant (nStartX, nStartY, nEndX, nEndY);
if (sZoomDirection == "ZoomIn")
{
mcImage.mcLoadedImage._width = mcImage.nInitialWidth + nDisplacement;
if (mcImage.mcLoadedImage._width > nMaximumWidth)
{
mcImage.mcLoadedImage._width = nMaximumWidth;
}
}
else if (sZoomDirection == "ZoomOut")
{
mcImage.mcLoadedImage._width = mcImage.nInitialWidth - nDisplacement;
if (mcImage.mcLoadedImage._width < nMinimumWidth)
{
mcImage.mcLoadedImage._width = nMinimumWidth;
}
}
mcImage.mcLoadedImage._height = mcImage.mcLoadedImage._width / mcImage.nAspectRatio;
}
else
{
fnCheckIfToRotate (nEndX,nEndY);
}
fnCheckIfToRotate (nEndX,nEndY);
}
function fnCheckQuadrant (nStartX:Number, nStartY:Number, nEndX:Number, nEndY:Number):String
{
var oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict:Object = {x:mcImage.mcRestrict._x, y:mcImage.mcRestrict._y};
mcImage.localToGlobal (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict);
if (nStartX > (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.x - mcImage.mcRestrict._width / 2) && nStartX < (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.x + mcImage.mcRestrict._width / 2) && nStartY < oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.y - mcImage.mcRestrict._height / 2)
{
//This is Quadrant 1
if (nEndY < nStartY)
{
return "ZoomIn";
}
else
{
return "ZoomOut";
}
}
else if (nStartX >= (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.x + mcImage.mcRestrict._width / 2) && nStartY <= (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.y - mcImage.mcRestrict._height / 2))
{
//This is Quadrant 2
if (nEndY < nStartY)
{
return "ZoomIn";
}
else
{
return "ZoomOut";
}
}
else if (nStartX > (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.x + mcImage.mcRestrict._width / 2) && nStartY > (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.y - mcImage.mcRestrict._height / 2) && nStartY < (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.y + mcImage.mcRestrict._height / 2))
{
//This is Quadrant 3
if (nEndX > nStartX)
{
return "ZoomIn";
}
else
{
return "ZoomOut";
}
}
else if (nStartX >= (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.x + mcImage.mcRestrict._width / 2) && nStartY >= (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.y + mcImage.mcRestrict._height / 2))
{
//This is Quadrant 4
if (nEndX > nStartX)
{
return "ZoomIn";
}
else
{
return "ZoomOut";
}
}
else if (nStartX > (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.x - mcImage.mcRestrict._width / 2) && nStartX < (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.x + mcImage.mcRestrict._width / 2) && nStartY > (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.y + mcImage.mcRestrict._height / 2))
{
//This is Quadrant 5
if (nEndY > nStartY)
{
return "ZoomIn";
}
else
{
return "ZoomOut";
}
}
else if (nStartX <= (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.x - mcImage.mcRestrict._width / 2) && nStartY >= (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.y + mcImage.mcRestrict._height / 2))
{
//This is Quadrant 6
if (nEndY > nStartY)
{
return "ZoomIn";
}
else
{
return "ZoomOut";
}
}
else if (nStartX < (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.x - mcImage.mcRestrict._width / 2) && nStartY > (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.y - mcImage.mcRestrict._height / 2) && nStartY < (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRestrict.y + mcImage.mcRestrict._height / 2))
{
//This is Quadrant 7
if (nEndX < nStartX)
{
return "ZoomIn";
}
else
{
return "ZoomOut";
}
}
else if (nStartX <= (oGlobalCoordinatesOfRest


text:
Resolution of construction industry other reasons may also be the nature of the construction law itself 1 and a construction contract with a profit-making. Construction accounting but are still construction-type costs in nature and must be pool to be allocated to the construction costs of individual contracts. 1 murdoch, jr and hughes, will, construction contracts the nature of construction law is deeply commercial and although there will naturally be a. In construction contract law, adriaanse tackles the key aspects of this subject with total clarity and precision the book first examines the nature of construction contracts and then takes. Construction contracts contents revenue and costs associated with construction contracts because of the nature of the activity undertaken in construction.
On construction industry klm sdn bhd awarded a contract to def construction sdn bhd to build a commercial building under the contract agreement. An introduction to the general principles and nature of construction contracts a paper presented at 2-day zonal workshop on essentials of building and engineering contract documentation and. Find out about the different types of contracts is any uncertainty about the nature of the and construction industry, these contracts are called. The nature of construction contracts 1 1 this file is to be used only for a purpose specified by palgrave macmillan, such as checking proofs, preparing an.
A construction contract is an the most common types of construction contracts used and equipment being similarly uncertain in nature incentive contracts. Liability for defects in construction contracts - who pays and how much introduction 1 unsurprisingly, defects are one of the major causes of dispute and. 1 1 an overview of gcc 2004 11 structure and content the general conditions of contract for construction works, which is commonly referred to as. Nature, involve quite a number of interacting activities that are full of risks, each of which may exert impacts risk allocations in construction contracts.
Construction contracts commitment is a consequence of a contract identifying the nature of commitment is very important to achieve it. Engineering & construction industry gaap has carved out a special niche for construction because most construction contracts by their nature are long-term.
1 choosing an appropriate main contract for building work in the republic of ireland - an overview tony cunningham school of surveying and construction management. Construction disputes are fairly common, and they vary in their nature dispute resolution is frequently addressed in contemporary construction contracts.
An advertisement or request for bids for the sale of particular property or the erection or construction of a the nature of the contract or its. Nature of construction contracts introduction for this assignment the writer is going to discuss the nature and types of construction contracts and will. Australian construction contracts and to involve less risk to architects than the abs contract it is recommended for use on building works of a major nature.
This article outlines the nature of construction contracts in serbia and the legislative framework that governs them it discusses contract elements, contractors' obligations and liability. Nature of construction contracts introduction for this assignment the writer is going to discuss the nature and types of construction contracts and will explain the legal responsibilities. Project contract types - learn the type of the work and the nature of the industry the contract is simply an of construction fee this type of contracts is. The contract particulars in a construction contract the nature and extent of the contract particulars will depend on the type scheme for construction contracts. What are construction contracts of the construction project construction contracts allow for the details and the nature of construction that.
Construction contracts because of the nature of the activity undertaken in construction contracts, the date at which the contract activity is entered into and the. Types of contracts: valid contract: an agreement which has all the essential elements of a contract is called a valid contract a valid contract can be enforced by law eg. To produce the construction required by the contract documents, and all document in the event that the request for proposals conflicts with the. Free essay: nature of construction contracts introduction for this assignment the writer is going to discuss the nature and types of construction contracts. Specialist classroom or elearning training course on principles of construction contracts from ice training home session 1 the nature of construction contracts. Confronting construction conflicts during times like these differ materially from those indicated in the contract documents, and are unusual in nature.


Grid Coordinates
Finding your location on a map using grid coordinates
The map has vertical lines (top to bottom) and horizontal lines (left to right). These lines form small squares 1,000 meters on each side called grid squares.
The lines that form grid squares are numbered along the outside edge of the map picture. No two grid squares have the same number.
The precision of a point location is shown by the number of digits in the coordinates: the more digits, the more precise the location.
1996-a 1,000 meter grid square.
192961-to the nearest 100 meters.
_PHONE_-to the nearest 10 meters
Look at Figure 1. Your address is grid square 1181. How do you know this? Start from the left and read right until you come to 11, the first half of your address. Then read up to 81, the other half. Your address is somewhere in grid square 1181.
Always begin your reading from the southwest corner of your square.
Grid square 1181 gives your general neighborhood, but there is a lot of ground inside that grid square. To make your address more accurate, just add another number to the first half and another number to the second half-so your address has six numbers instead of four.
To get those extra numbers, pretend that each grid square has ten lines inside it running north and south, and another 10 running east and west. This makes 100 smaller squares. You can estimate where these imaginary lines are.
Suppose you are halfway between grid line 11 and grid line 12. Then the next number is 5 and the first half of your address is 115. Now suppose you are also 3/10 of the way between grid line 81 and grid line 82. Then the second half of your address is 813. (If you were exactly on line 81, the second part would be 810). Your address is 115813 (B, Figure 5 18).
The most accurate way to determine the coordinates of a point on a map is to use a coordinate scale. You do not have to use imaginary lines; you can find the exact coordinates using a Coordinate Scale and Protractor. This device has two coordinating scales, 1:25,000 meters and 1:50,000 meters. Make sure you use the correct scale.
First, locate the grid square in which the point (for example, Point A, Figure 2) is located (the point should already be plotted on the map).
The number of the vertical grid line on the left (west) side of the grid square is the first and second digits of the coordinates.
The number of the horizontal grid line on the bottom (south) side of the grid square is the fourth and fifth digits of the coordinates.
To determine the third and sixth digits of the coordinates, place the coordinate scale on the bottom horizontal grid line of the grid square containing Point A.
Check to see that the zeros of the coordinate scale are in the lower left hand (southwest) corner of the map grid square.
Slide the scale to the right, keeping the bottom of the scale on the bottom grid line until Point A is under the vertical (right hand) scale (Figures 3 and 4).
On the bottom scale, the 100 meter mark nearest the vertical grid line provides the third digit, 5. On the vertical scale, the 100 meter mark nearest Point A provides the sixth digit, 3. Therefore, the six-digit grid coordinate is 115813


text:
The Open University and the University of Southampton are currently exploring a potential partnership, to create a nutrition programme for health workers, based on open educational resources that can be delivered as face to face, distance learning or e-learning in Africa. The proposal builds on the expertise and experience in both organisations in the field of nutrition education and training and delivering international programmes with partners in Africa.
There is a clear and urgent need for basic education and capacity building to address the critical nutrition issues in Africa to help meet the Millennium Development Goals in the next four years and to improve the health of populations beyond 2015. Critical areas to focus on include effective management of severe acute malnutrition, proactive nutrition data collection and analysis, and the planning and management of effective supplementary and targeted feeding programmes.
The University of Southampton has significant experience in terms of its international experience in the field of nutrition in developing countries and in delivering programmes with practical application on the ground, including at postgraduate level. The Open University's HEAT team has been working with nutrition experts in Ethiopia to create a distance learning Nutrition Module of around 35 hours of learning, which is published under a creative commons licence – so it is free for anyone to access, use, and adapt to meet local needs. Both organisations have extensive networks with academics, practitioners and organisations working in the field of nutrition education in developing regions.
Although discussions are still at a fairly early stage, both institutions are keen to secure funding for the development of a nutrition programme aimed at up-skilling nurse practitioners in key aspects of nutrition education, planning and management. Working with African nutrition experts and educators, the University of Southampton and the OU will support the development of up-to-date, relevant and urgently needed learning resources. The programme team will draw on and adapt existing resources developed by the OU's HEAT team and the University of Southampton to create a set of open educational learning resources which can be integrated within existing programmes in Africa as well as contribute to new pathways for continuing professional development. All of the resources will be developed as distance learning materials, which can also be delivered as part of face-to face teaching programmes.


RSVP for your your local TensorFlow Everywhere event today!
Builds part of a computation outside any current TPU replicate scope.
tf.tpu.outside_compilation() is used to run ops in computation on CPU instead of running on TPU. For example, users can run ops that are not supported on TPU's (e.g. tf.summary.write()) by explicitly placing those ops on CPU's. Below usage of outside compilation will place ops in computation_with_string_ops on CPU.
Example usage:
def computation_with_string_ops(x):
 # strings types are not supported on TPU's and below ops must
 # run on CPU instead.
 output = tf.strings.format('1{}', x)
 return tf.strings.to_number(output)
def tpu_computation():
 # Expected output is 11.
 output = tf.tpu.outside_compilation(computation_with_string_ops, 1)
Outside compilation should be called inside TPUReplicateContext. That is, tf.tpu.outside_compilation() should be called inside a function that is passed to tpu.split_compile_and_replicate() -- this is implied when outside compilation is invoked inside a function passed to TPUStrategy run(). If invoked outside of TPUReplicateContext, then this simply returns the result of computation, and therefore, would be a no-op. Note that outside compilation is different from tf.distribute.experimental.TPUStrategy.merge_call() as logic in outside compilation is replicated and executed separately for each replica. On the other hand, merge_call() requires a merge_fn to aggregate the inputs from different replicas and is executed only once.
For variables placed in TPU device, which includes variables created inside TPUStrategy scope, outside compilation logic must not include variable read/write. For variables placed on host, which is the case when variables created via TPUEstimator, variable read/write is only allowed if the variable is not accessed by any other ops in the TPU computation. Variable read/write from outside compilation cluster is not visible from TPU computation and vice versa. Therefore, if outside compilation logic contains such host variables read/write ops and if the variables are accessed by TPU computation as well, then this may lead to deadlock.
Internally, tf.tpu.outside_compilation() adds outside compilation attributes to all ops in computation. During later graph pass, these ops with outside compilation attribute is extracted out and replicated into a host-side graph. Inputs to this extract host-side graph is sent from TPU computation graph to host graph via a pair of XlaSendToHost and XlaRecvFromHost ops. Note that using tf.tpu.outside_compilation() may result in tensor transfer between TPU and CPU, leading to non-trivial performance impact.
computation A Python function that builds the computation to place on the host.
*args the positional arguments for the computation.
**kwargs the keyword arguments for the computation.
The Tensors returned by computation.


Explain the concept of land economic, Microeconomics
(a) Give an overview of the Concept of Land Economic
(b) Provide a definition of Land/Economics
(c) Discuss the origin of Land Economics
(d) Modern and Traditional Land Economics in PNG
(e) The Relationship of Land Economics and Land Use Planning
(f) How is Land Economics and Valuation inter-related
Posted Date: 3/18/2013 2:13:26 AM | Location : United States
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