Getting Interfaces to COM Object
IUnknown and IDispatch Interfaces
When you invoke the actxserver or actxcontrol functions, the MATLAB® software creates the server and returns a handle to the server interface as a means of accessing its properties and methods. The software uses the following process to determine which handle to return:
 1. First get a handle to the IUnknown interface from the component. All COM components are required to implement this interface.
 2. Attempt to get the IDispatch interface. If IDispatch is implemented, return a handle to this interface. If IDispatch is not implemented, return the handle to IUnknown.
Additional Interfaces
Components often provide additional interfaces, based on IDispatch, that are implemented as properties. Like any other property, you obtain these interfaces using the MATLAB get function.
For example, a Microsoft® Excel® component contains numerous interfaces. To list these interfaces, along with Excel properties, type:
h = actxserver('Excel.Application');
MATLAB displays information like:
 Application: [1x1 Interface.Microsoft_Excel_9.0_
 Creator: 'xlCreatorCode'
 Parent: [1x1 Interface.Microsoft_Excel_9.0_
 ActiveCell: []
 ActiveChart: [1x50 char]
To see if Workbooks is an interface, type:
w = h.Workbooks
MATLAB displays:
w =
The information displayed depends on the version of the Excel software you have on your system.
For examples using Excel in MATLAB, see:
Custom Interfaces
The MATLAB COM Interface supports custom interfaces for the following client/server configurations:
Limitations to custom interface support are:
 - Custom interfaces are not supported on a 64-bit version of MATLAB.
 - You cannot invoke functions with optional parameters.
Once you have created a server, you can query the server component to see if any custom interfaces are implemented using the interfaces function.
For example, if you have a component with the ProgID mytestenv.calculator, you can see its custom interfaces using the commands:
h = actxserver('mytestenv.calculator');
customlist = h.interfaces
MATLAB displays the interfaces, which might be:
customlist =
To get the handle to a particular interface, use the invoke function:
c1 = invoke(h,'ICalc1')
c1 =
Use this handle c1 to access the properties and methods of the object through this custom interface ICalc1.
For example, to list the properties, use:
 background: 'Blue'
 height: 10
 width: 0
To list the methods, use:
 Add = double Add(handle, double, double)
 Divide = double Divide(handle, double, double)
 Multiply = double Multiply(handle, double, double)
 Subtract = double Subtract(handle, double, double)
To add and multiply numbers using the Add and Multiply methods of the object, use:
sum = Add(c1,4,7)
sum =
prod = c1.Multiply(4, 7)
prod =
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text:
Pond(redirected from Lilly pond)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Financial.
an artificial reservoir dug to a depth of 3–5 m or created by the construction of dams in the valleys of small rivers or streams or in areas of gorges or gullies. A pond is usually no more than 1 sq km in area; it must have sufficiently steep banks, a slightly sloping bottom, and an erosion-resistant floor. If it is fed by the runoff of river or subsurface waters, the pond will only be filled in the spring by melting snow. Outlets are frequently installed to remove surplus water. In rural areas, ponds are built for irrigation, fish and waterfowl breeding, and the storage of water for various purposes. In cities and recreation areas, ponds are used for fishing, swimming, and other sports.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Optimizely Knowledge Base
Prepare Optimizely X Web for your site
This article will help you:
 - Set up pages, tags, and events in Optimizely X Web
 - Implement Optimizely X Web to build behaviorally targeted audiences
 - Passively collect baseline analytics for your site before you run your first experiment
In Optimizely X Web, you'll create experiments and campaigns using pages, events, tags, and audiences. Together, these features will help you create, target, and measure the impact of experiences that you deliver to your visitors.
They're reusable and always on. Set them up when you first start using Optimizely X so you can passively collect baseline data, even before you run your first test. When you're ready run experiment or campaigns, your pre-built components will help you set them up quickly.
Set up pages, tags, and events in the Implementation dashboard. For in-depth information about implementing Optimizely X on your site, try our Optimizely Academy course, Implement Optimizely X.
1. Add Pages
Pages are URL templates that let you choose where campaigns and experiments run. They're reusable URL patterns that are always on. You'll use them to tell Optimizely where to deliver experiments, personalized experiences, and recommendations on your site.
What URLs will you use to run experiments and campaigns on your site: your homepage, all product detail pages, a checkout flow? Add pages based on the URL (or pattern of URLs) where you want to test or personalize an experience. Learn to set up a page.
Here's a quick walkthrough:
By default, experiments and campaigns activate immediately after the snippet loads. Sometimes, you may need to set experiments to activate based on the presence of an element on the page, an event, or your custom code. This can be especially helpful if you're using Angular, Backbone, Ember, or Knockout. Here's how set up pages that activate conditionally.
2. Add Events
You can think of events as the "verbs" of Optimizely X. They track the actions that people take on your site, such as clicks, pageviews, form submissions, and purchases. Learn to set up a click, pageview, or custom event.
Here's a quick video walkthrough of setting up an event.
Above, we use Simple Match to create a product detail page for the 5 Panel Camp Cap. To target all product pages, we'd enter the broader URL ( with Substring Match instead.
3. Add Tags
If events are "verbs" such as clicks and pageviews, then tags are "adjectives." They describe key parts of a page that visitors engage with, such as the type of product and what it costs.
If you're using Optimizely X Web Personalization, tags and events provide data-rich picture of your visitors' behavior. Use them together to create behaviorally targeted audiences. Add tags to collect the data that Optimizely uses to render recommendations. Learn to set up a tag.
Here's how to tag a Price element:
4. Add Audiences
Audiences are groups of visitors to whom you'll show an experiment or personalized experience. Do you know which visitor segments are important to your business? Set them up as audiences so you can target them or see how they perform in your results, compared to all visitors. Here's how to set up an audience.
In Personalization, you can also use pages, tags, and audiences together to create a behaviorally targeted audiences. For example, you can target a "Luxury Traveler" audience for visitors who purchased bags over $200 in the last 30 days, using the page, events, and tags above.
Once you've prepared Optimizely X for your site, check out our Optimizely X Web Experimentation and Personalization resource pages for next steps.


Is the Riemann zeta function surjective or does it miss one value?
The Riemann zeta function is surjective. First, $\zeta(1/z)$ is holomorphic in the punctured disk $0<|z|<1$. Looking at $z=(1/2+it)^{-1}$ with $t\to\infty$ reveals that $\zeta(1/z)$ has an essential singularity at $z=0$, hence $\zeta(s)$ misses at most one value. If $\zeta(s)=w$ then $\zeta(\overline{s})=\overline{w}$, hence $\zeta(s)$ can only miss a real value. However, $\zeta(s)$ maps the real interval $(1,\infty)$ onto $(1,\infty)$, and the real interval $(-2,1)$ onto $(-\infty,0)$. Also $\zeta(-19)>1$ and $\zeta(-18)=0$, hence $\zeta(s)$ maps $[-19,-18]$ onto a real interval that contains $[0,1]$. So $\zeta(s)$ does not miss any real value, and hence it does not miss any complex value.
$\zeta$ function has only one pole at $z=1$. It also has order $1$. If $\zeta$ omits $c\in C$ then $g:=1/(\zeta-c)$ is entire with one simple zero at $1$. As it is of order $1$, it must be $g(z)=(z-1)e^{az+b}$, by Hadamard's factorization theorem, so $$\zeta(z)=(z-1)^{-1}e^{-az-b}+c,$$ which is absurd.
The formula I wrote is the general form of a non-surjective meromorphic function of order $1$ with a single pole at $1$ and omitting $c$.
The reference on Hadamard's factorization theorem is any texbook on complex variables, for example Ahlfors, Complex Analysis, or Titchmarsh, Function Theory, or Whittaker Watson, or whatever you have.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Now that we have two solutions, we can ask ourselves, Which is more elementary: Picard's Great theorem or Hadamard's factorization? $\endgroup$ – Gerald Edgar May 18 '18 at 11:57
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ _USER_: Eremenko's proof is more to the point, and also more elementary, in my opinion. My proof is pretty ad hoc. $\endgroup$ – GH from MO May 18 '18 at 12:57
 - 5
 $\begingroup$ _USER_ Edgar: Picard's Great Theorem is probably more elementary then the general Hadamard's theorem (and it was proved earlier), but the special case of Hadamard's theorem that is used here is also quite simple. I only used the fact that an entire function without zeros is $e^g$, and has order one only if $g(z)=az+b$. $\endgroup$ – Alexandre Eremenko May 18 '18 at 13:19
 - 4
 $\begingroup$ This argument also shows that $\zeta$ takes any value infinitely many times. $\endgroup$ – Will Sawin May 20 '18 at 13:21
(Just a quick aside: the set of solutions to the equation $\zeta(s) = a$ when $a \neq 0$ are usually called the $a$-points of the Riemann zeta function in the literature, in case you want to look up the state of the art)
As Steve Huntsman mentions in a comment, it is indeed possible to use the universality of the zeta function to prove that $\zeta(s)$ is surjective with a simple argument based on Rouché's theorem.
In particular, let $U$ be a compact connected subset with a smooth boundary in the critical strip on which universality holds (for simplicity, let $U = \{ z \in \mathbb{C} : |z - 3/4| \leq 1/8 \}$), and let $f:U \to \mathbb{C}$ be a function holomorphic on $U$ (i.e. holomorphic in the interior, and continuous on the boundary) with the following properties:
 1. $f$ has no zeroes in $U$.
 2. There exists a $z \in U$ such that $f(z) = a$.
 3. For all $z \in \partial U$, $f(z) \neq a$.
As an example, for $U$ as above, one could take $f(z) = a + |a| (z-3/4)$.
Now note that 3 implies that there is an $m > 0$ such that $$m = \inf_{z \in \partial U} |f(z) - a|.$$
Pick $\epsilon > 0$ such that $\epsilon < m$. Then, due to 1, universality guarantees that there is a $t \geq 0$ such that $$ |\zeta(s+it) - f(s)| < \epsilon$$ for every $s \in U$. In particular, this inequality holds for every $s \in \partial U$. Thus, for every $s \in \partial U$, we have that
$$ |\zeta(s+it) - f(s)| < \epsilon < m \leq |f(s) - a|. $$
Thus, Rouché's theorem implies that $f(s) - a$ and $f(s) - a + \zeta(s+it) - f(s) = \zeta(s+it) - a$ have the same number of roots in the interior of $U$. Since $f$ has such a root, it follows that $\zeta$ has such a root as well, and we are done.
This argument is robust in a few ways. For one, it applies to other functions which exhibit universality (which is known for fairly widely classes of $L$-functions and other zeta-like families). For another, using more effective versions of Voronin's universality theorem can be used to give a lower bound for the number of $a$-points in a rectangle within the critical strip. For a third, this argument actually proves that there are simple $a$-points for every $a$.
This argument is probably classical, but I first saw it in a paper on simple $a$-points by Gonek, Lester and Milinovich.
Your Answer


Jaap Karssenberg > File-MimeInfo-0.16 > File::MimeInfo::Cookbook
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NAME ^
File::MimeInfo::Cookbook - various code snippets
DESCRIPTION ^
Some code snippets for non-basic uses of the File::MimeInfo module:
Matching an extension
A file does not have to actually exist in order to get a mimetype for it. This means that the following will work:
 my $extension = '*.txt';
 my $mimetype = mimetype( $extension );
Mimetyping an scalar
If you want to find the mimetype of a scalar value you need magic mimetyping; after all a scalar doesn't have a filename or inode. What you need to do is to use IO::Scalar :
 use File::MimeInfo::Magic;
 use IO::Scalar;
 my $io_scalar = new IO::Scalar \$data;
 my $mimetype = mimetype( $io_scalar );
In fact most other IO:: will work as long as they support the seek() and read() methods. Of course if you want really obscure things to happen you can always write your own IO object and feed it in there.
Be aware that when using a filehandle like this you need to set the :utf8 binmode yourself if apropriate.
Mimetyping a filehandle
Regrettably for non-seekable filehandles like STDIN simply using an IO:: object will not work. You will need to buffer enough of the data for a proper mimetyping. For example you could mimetype data from STDIN like this:
 use File::MimeInfo::Magic;
 use IO::Scalar;
 my $data;
 read(STDIN, $data, $File::MimeInfo::Magic::max_buffer);
 my $io_scalar = new IO::Scalar \$data;
 my $mimetype = mimetype( $io_scalar );
Be aware that when using a filehandle like this you need to set the :utf8 binmode yourself if apropriate.
Creating a new filename
Say you have a temporary file that you want to save with a more proper filename.
 use File::MimeInfo::Magic qw#mimetype extensions#;
 use File::Copy;
 my $tmpfile = '/tmp/foo';
 my $mimetype = mimetype($tmpfile);
 my $extension = extensions($mimetype);
 my $newfile = 'untitled1';
 $newfile .= '.'.$extension if length $extension;
 move($tmpfile, $newfile);
Force the use of a certain database directory
Normally you just need to add the dir where your mime database lives to either the XDG_DATA_HOME or XDG_DATA_DIRS environment variables for it to be found. But in some rare cases you may want to by-pass this system all together. Try one of the following:
 @File::MimeInfo::DIRS = ('/home/me/share/mime');
 eval 'use File::MimeInfo';
 die if $@;
or:
 use File::MimeInfo;
 @File::MimeInfo::DIRS = ('/home/me/share/mime');
 File::MimeInfo->rehash();
This can also be used for switching between databases at run time while leaving other XDG configuration stuff alone.
AUTHOR ^
Jaap Karssenberg <_EMAIL_>
Copyright (c) 2005, 2012 Jaap G Karssenberg. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
SEE ALSO ^
File::MimeInfo
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text:
Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling Good(2006)
Pleasurable Kingdom is the first book to focus on new evidence that animals, like humans, enjoy themselves. It debunks the popular perception that life for most is a continuous, grim struggle for survival. Instead it suggests that creatures from birds to bats to baboons may feel good thanks to play, sex, touch, food, anticipation, comfort, aesthetics and more.
- animal sentience,
- animal emotions,
- animal psychology,
Citation InformationJonathan P Balcombe. Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling Good. London(2006)
Available at: _URL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Model information (Last updated: September 11, 2015)
The WRF (version 3.6.1) with Polar Mods (Polar WRF) setting is used in the real-time numerical weather predictions over the Antarctic. The Polar Mods were developed by the Polar Meteorology Group at The Ohio State University to better handle Arctic/Antarctic conditions for forecasting purposes. In this configuration, the model consists of 385x385 grid points with a horizontal resolution 20 km. In vertical, the model has 48 terrain-following levels, and the top pressure is set to 10 hPa.
The Antarctic Polar WRF Runs contain the following parameterization schemes:
The model starts at 0000/1200 UTC as its initial times every day and produces a 120-hour prediction for the Antarctic. The initial and boundary conditions are interpolated from the daily 0000/1200 UTC run of the Global Forecast System (GFS) issued by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).
Model output information
The following real-time model outputs are placed on the website:
Any comments or questions about the real-time numerical weather prediction. Please mail to _EMAIL_.


text:
a repulsion term must be added to the equation. In addition, a more satisfactory estimate of binding energy is achieved by computing the lipophilic interactions in a pairwise manner rather than using the area based energy term of the above Böhm functions.
Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the binding energy is estimated using a modified Böhm scoring function. In the modified Böhm scoring function, the binding energy between protein and ligand (ΔGbind) is estimated considering the following parameters: The reduction of binding energy due to the overall loss of translational and rotational entropy of the ligand (ΔG0); contributions from ideal hydrogen bonds (ΔGhb) where at least one partner is neutral; contributions from unperturbed ionic interactions (ΔGionic); lipophilic interactions between lipophilic ligand atoms and lipophilic acceptor atoms (ΔGlipo); the loss of binding energy due to the freezing of internal degrees of freedom in the ligand, i.e., the freedom of rotation about each C—C bond is reduced (ΔGrot); the energy of the interaction between the protein and ligand (EVdW). Consideration of these terms gives equation 1:
Where N is the number of qualifying interactions for a specific term and, in one embodiment, ΔG0, ΔGhb, ΔGionic, ΔGlipo and ΔGrot are constants which are given the values: 5.4, −4.7, −4.7, −0.17, and 1.4, respectively.
The term Nhb is calculated according to equation 2:
f1((R)=1 if (R<=TOL
or =1−((R−TOL)/0.4 if (R<=0.4+TOL
or =0 if (R>0.4+TOL
f2((( )=1 if ((<30°
or =1−(Δα−30)/50 if Δα<=80°
or =0 if Δα>80°
fpcs is a function which allows for the polar contact surface area per hydrogen bond and therefore distinguishes between strong and weak hydrogen bonds and its value is determined according to the following criteria:
For the implementation of the modified Böhm scoring function, the contributions from ionic interactions, ΔGionic, are computed in a similar fashion to those from hydrogen bonds described above since the same geometry dependency is assumed.
The term Nlipo is calculated according to equation 5 below:
f(rlL) is calculated for all lipophilic ligand atoms, l, and all lipophilic protein atoms, L, according to the following criteria:
The term Nrot is the number of rotable bonds of the amino acid side chain and is taken to be the number of acyclic sp3-sp3 and sp3-sp2 bonds. Rotations of terminal —CH3 or —NH3 are not taken into account.
The final term, EVdW, is calculated according to equation 6 below:
With regard to Equation 6, in one embodiment, the constants ε1 and ε2 are given the atom values: C: 0.245, N: 0.283, O: 0.316, S: 0.316, respectively (i.e. for atoms of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulphur, respectively). With regards to equations 5 and 6, the Van der Waal's radii are given the atom values C: 1.85, N: 1.75, O: 1.60, S: 2.00 Å.
It should be understood that all predetermined values and constants given in the equations above are determined within the constraints of current understandings of protein ligand interactions with particular regard to the type of computation being undertaken herein. Therefore, it is possible that, as this scoring function is refined further, these values and constants may change hence any suitable numerical value which gives the desired results in terms of estimating the binding energy of a protein to a ligand may be used and hence fall within the scope of the present invention.
As described above, the scoring function is applied to data extracted from the database of side-chain conformations, atom identities, and interatomic distances. For the purposes of the present description, the number of MHC Class II molecules included in this database is 42 models plus four solved structures. It should be apparent from the above descriptions that the modular nature of the construction of the computational method of the present invention means that new models can simply be added and scanned with the peptide backbone library and side-chain conformational search function to create additional data sets which can be processed by the peptide scoring function as described above. This allows for the repertoire of scanned MHC Class II molecules to easily be increased, or structures and associated data to be replaced if data are available to create more accurate models of the existing alleles.
The present prediction method can be calibrated against a data set comprising a large number of peptides whose affinity for various MHC Class II molecules has previously been experimentally determined. By comparison of calculated versus experimental data, a cut of value can be determined above which it is known that all experimentally determined T-cell epitopes are correctly predicted.
It should be understood that, although the above scoring function is relatively simple compared to some sophisticated methodologies that are available, the calculations are performed extremely rapidly. It should also be understood that the objective is not to calculate the true binding energy per se for each peptide docked in the binding groove of a selected MHC Class II protein. The underlying objective is to obtain comparative binding energy data as an aid to predicting the location of T-cell epitopes based on the primary structure (i.e. amino acid sequence) of a selected protein. A relatively high binding energy or a binding energy above a selected threshold value would suggest the presence of a T-cell epitope in the ligand. The ligand may then be subjected to at least one round of amino-acid substitution and the binding energy recalculated. Due to the rapid nature of the calculations, these manipulations of the peptide sequence can be performed interactively within the program's user interface on cost-effectively available computer hardware. Major investment in computer hardware is thus not required.
It would be apparent to one skilled in the art that other available software could be used for the same purposes. In particular, more sophisticated software which is capable of docking ligands into protein binding-sites may be used in conjunction with energy minimization. Examples of docking software are: DOCK (Kuntz et al., J. Mol. Biol., 161:269-288 (1982)), LUDI (Böhm, H. J., J. Comput Aided Mol. Des., 8:623-632 (1994)) and FLEXX (Rarey M., et al., ISMB, 3:300-308 (1995)). Examples of molecular modeling and manipulation software include: AMBER (Tripos) and CHARMm (Molecular Simulations Inc.). The use of these computational methods would severely limit the throughput of the method of this invention due to the lengths of processing time required to make the necessary calculations. However, it is feasible that such methods could be used as a 'secondary screen' to obtain more accurate calculations of binding energy for peptides which are found to be 'positive binders' via the method of the present invention.
The limitation of processing time for sophisticated molecular mechanic or molecular dynamic calculations is one which is defined both by the design of the software which makes these calculations and the current technology limitations of computer hardware. It may be anticipated that, in the future, with the writing of more efficient code and the continuing increases in speed of computer processors, it may become feasible to make such calculations within a more manageable time-frame.
Further information on energy functions applied to macromolecules and consideration of the various interactions that take place within a folded protein structure can be found in: Brooks, B. R., et al., J. Comput. Chem., 4:187-217 (1983) and further information concerning general protein-ligand interactions can be found in: Dauber-Osguthorpe et al., Proteins 4(1):31-47(1988), which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Useful background information can also be found, for example, in Fasman, G. D., ed., Prediction of Protein Structure and the Principles of Protein Conformation, Plenum Press, New York, ISBN: 0-_PHONE_-9.
The interaction between MHC, peptide and T-cell receptor (TCR) provides the structural basis for the antigen specificity of T-cell recognition. T-cell proliferation assays test the binding of peptides to MHC and the recognition of MHC/peptide complexes by the TCR. In vitro T-cell proliferation assays of the present example, involve the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), containing antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T-cells. Stimulation is conducted in vitro using synthetic peptide antigens, and in some experiments whole protein antigen. Stimulated T-cell proliferation is measured using 3H-thymidine (3H-Thy) and the presence of incorporated 3H-Thy assessed using scintillation counting of washed fixed cells.
Buffy coats from human blood stored for less than 12 hours were obtained from the National Blood Service (Addenbrooks Hospital, Cambridge, UK). Ficoll-paque was obtained from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech (Amersham, UK). Serum free AIM V media for the culture of primary human lymphocytes and containing L-glutamine, 50 μg/ml streptomycin, 10 μg/ml gentomycin and 0.


text:
Computer-linked cameras placed in the stands around each goal capture ball's motion,which is then read by a computer in real-time.
Ball's path is tracked on each of the cameras.These separate views are then combined to produce an accurate 3D representation of the ball's path.
High speed TV cameras capture images at up to 500 frames per second.
The system would signal a goal to the referee in half a second who would hear a distinct beep through an ear-piece or message to a watch Ball.
Chip sensor in ball is triggered by magnetic field and signals computer to send "GOAL"message.Wires run around the goal mouth to form a magnetic field.
Six Cameras around the goal track the ball and the system software creates 3D images which capture the position of the ball in relation to the goal line.
If the Ball crosses the line,an encrypted signal is transmitted to he referee via watch or a ear piece within half a second.
Posts Tagged 'sports'
July 7, 2012 Leave a comment

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Hawaii Entry Requirements
Double Lines
Please note the following entry requirements for travel to the United States:
 - You must hold a passport valid for at least six months from the date you enter the US.
 - You must be on a short and temporary visit.
 - You must agree to leave the US before the expiration of your visa.
 - You must hold a valid passport for the intended period of stay.
 - You must hold a valid visa issued by the US Embassy or Consulate.
 - You must maintain your identity as a foreigner during your stay.
 - You must comply with all requirements on visa issuance.
 - For more information, please contact the US Embassy or Consulate in your country.
Citizens of the following countries; the United Kingdom, Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brunei, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland may be eligible to travel to the United States visa-free under the Visa Waiver Program if they are travelling for business, pleasure or are in transit, and they meet all of the following requirements.
When your plane arrives in Hawaii, airline staff will direct you to Immigration Review where you will wait in line for your turn. During the review, hand your passport, a completed entry or exit record card and your customs declaration to the examiner (these will be distributed on the plane). The inspector will ask you some simple questions about your reasons for staying in the United States, the length of your intended stay and may ask you for your return ticket for reference. After the review has been completed, the reviewer will stamp your passport and issue a formal 1-94 form to you. This form will clearly indicate to US Customs the type of entry and potential duration of stay. Once this is finished, you may move on to Customs Declaration.
The natural beauty of Hawaii's fragile environment comes from its geographical isolation from other ecosystems. It's important to know that bringing plants, produce or animals can introduce pests and non-endemic species that could be destructive to Hawaii's environment.


Bits of Pancake _URL_ Tue, 25 Mar 2014 10:00:25 +0000 en-US hourly 1 _URL_ Dual spaces, transposes, and adjoints _URL_ _URL_ Fri, 07 Mar 2014 21:18:31 +0000 _URL_ Continue reading ]]> What's the dual space of a vector space?
Let $V$ be an $n$-dimensional vector space, with basis
$$ B = \{ v_1, \ldots, v_n \}. $$
Now consider an arbitrary linear function $f$ that takes a vector $v \in V$ and maps it to a scalar in, for example, $\mathbb{R}$. Then express $v$ as a linear combination of the basis vectors:
$$ \begin{align*}
f(v)
&= f(c_1v_1 + \cdots + c_nv_n) \\
&= c_1 f(v_1) + \cdots + c_n f(v_n).
\end{align*} $$
This means that if we specify $f(v_1)$ through $f(v_n)$, we've completely characterized $f$. In other words, if you tell me what $f(v_1)$ through $f(v_n)$ equal, I know what $f(v)$ equals for any vector $v$.
So we can specify any linear function that maps from $V$ to $\mathbb{R}$ (called a "linear functional") as a list of $n$ scalars. This makes it clear that a linear functional is an $n$-dimensional vector itself, and so linear functions form a $n$-dimensional vector space as well:
$$V^* = \{ f_{[a_1, \ldots, a_n]} \mid a_1, \ldots, a_n \in \mathbb{R} \}.$$ This is the dual space of $V$, where I've used $f_{[a_1, \ldots, a_n]}$ to denote the linear functional such that $f(v_1) = a_1$, etc.
Since $V$ and its dual space $V^*$ have the same dimension, each element in $V$ has a corresponding element in $V^*$. Consider that
$$
f_{[a_1, \ldots, a_n]} = a_1(c_1v_1) + \cdots + a_n(c_nv_n).
$$Look at the right-hand side — if the vectors we're dealing with are Euclidean vectors, then we could write $\vecb{a} = (a_1, \ldots, a_n)$ and express any functional as a dot product:
$$
f_{\vecb{a}}(\vecb{v}) = \vecb{a} \cdot \vecb{v}.
$$ We can extend this idea to any inner product space. If $V$ has an inner product, then we can very naturally associate a vector $w \in V$ with its corresponding functional in $V^*$, defined as $$f(v) = \langle v, w \rangle.$$
Now let's throw linear transformations into the mix. Let $T$ be a linear transformation from $U$ to $W$, and let $f \in W^*$ be a linear functional on $W$.
Then if $u \in U$, observe that $f(T(u))$ gives us a scalar. Since $f$ composed with $T$ maps an element in $U$ to a scalar, the composition $f \circ T$ is a linear functional itself, an element of $U^*$!
In this way, given a functional in $W^*$ and a transformation $T$, we can generate functionals in $U^*$. So we can define another linear transformation from $W^*$ to $U^*$ that gives us this functional: $$ T^\intercal(f) = f \circ T.$$
$T^\intercal$ is called the transpose of $T$, and it's not a coincidence that the matrix of $T^\intercal$ is the transpose of the matrix of $T$ in certain bases.
Finally, let's talk about inner product spaces again. If we have inner products for $U$ and $W$, we can, like above, associate vectors $u \in U$ and $w \in W$ with functionals in $U^*$ and $W^*$ respectively:
$$\begin{align*}
u \quad&\longleftrightarrow\quad f_u(v) = \langle v, u \rangle \\
w \quad&\longleftrightarrow\quad f_w(v) = \langle v, w \rangle.
\end{align*}$$
Recall that $T^\intercal$ takes a functional in $W^*$ and returns a functional in $U^*$. It'd be nice if we could deal with vectors in $W$ and $U$ instead of functionals in $W^*$ and $U^*$. Can we replace the transpose with another transformation that takes a vector in $W$, transforms it into its corresponding functional in $W^*$, apply $T^\intercal$ to it to get a functional in $U^*$, and finally transform it back into its corresponding vector in $U$?
It turns out we can: it's called the adjoint of $T$, denoted $T^*$.
Dual spaces
To see how $T^*$ must be defined, let's take the definition of the transpose and substitute $f \in W^*$ with its inner product equivalent, $\langle v, w\rangle$, where $w$ is the vector in $W$ associated with $f$, and $v$ is the functional's argument:
$$\begin{align*}
T^\intercal(f)
&= T^\intercal(\langle v, w\rangle) \\
&= (\langle v, w\rangle) \circ T \\
&= \langle T(v), w\rangle.
\end{align*}$$
Then asking what vector in $U$ corresponds to this functional amounts to asking what vector satisfies
$$ \langle T(v), w\rangle = \langle v, ?\rangle. $$
Thus, $T^*$ is the linear transformation that is defined to be the one that makes the following equality true:
$$ \langle T(v), w\rangle = \langle v, T^*(w)\rangle. $$
Once we do that, we can go on to define important operators like normal, unitary, and Hermitian operators!
]]>
_URL_ 2
Proof of separation of variables _URL_ _URL_ Fri, 15 Mar 2013 08:45:21 +0000 _URL_ Continue reading ]]> Let's say we have a differential equation:
$$f(y) \dod{y}{x} = g(x)$$
Separation of variables says that we can simply "split" the derivative $\dod{y}{x}$ and write
$$f(y) \dif{y} = g(x) \dif{x}$$
Then, we can integrate both sides: $$\begin{gather*}
\int f(y) \dif{y} = \int g(x) \dif{x} \\
F(y) = G(x) + C
\end{gather*}$$ where $F(y)$ and $G(x)$ are antiderivatives of $f(y)$ and $g(x)$ respectively. And voila, we can use algebra to solve the differential equation.
But the "splitting" part always bugged me. Now my professor has explained why this is okay to do. Consider the antiderivative of $f(y)$, and differentiate it with respect to $x$.
We know that
$$\begin{align*}
\dod{}{x}F(y) &= \dod{}{y}F(y) \cdot \dod{y}{x} \text{ by the chain rule} \\
&= f(y) \dod{y}{x}
\end{align*}$$because $F(y)$ is the antiderivative of $f(y)$, so the derivative of $F(y)$ must be the function $f(y)$ itself.
Now, substituting into the differential equation for $f(y) \


text:
PRO-MINERALIZER is Non-Hazardous and Eco-friendly solution, which contains consortium (group) of microflora of various kinds including Fibre degrading, Lignin degrading and various Enzymes producing organism. It converts tougher organic compounds like shell of shrimps, high protein compound in the dropping of shrimp etc into simple minerals.
Key Benefits of Pro-Mineralizer
- Provides useful nutrients to Diatoms and plankton by the process of degradation (mineralization) of high organic compounds and enhances their development.
- It performs mineralization and converts raw materials (tougher organic compounds like shell of shrimps, high protein compound in the dropping of shrimp etc.,) into simple minerals.
- It helps in creating excellent atmosphere at the bottom of the pond, which is a platform for mineralization of organic and inorganic fertilizers used.
- It helps in mineralization and thus enhances the working capacity of probiotics used in the ponds, which helps the probiotics to establish in the pond and metabolize various biodegradable compounds.
Dosage of Probiotic Microflora for Aquaculture
- 10 L / hectare. Repeat the dose once in 3-4 weeks for better maintenance of pond.
For all your AgroVet needs, Contact Us Now!


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Making an game using applets, but have to implement project using J2EE. Is there any sense in making a game with using J2EE for implementation?
Our teacher said that we can make games for the java project, now she has put in the requirement that we have to use J2EE, and expects us to make the game. Where does J2EE comes in the picture?
share|improve this question
I guess you haven't asked your teacher yet? Possible duplicate: gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/26419/… – Byte56 Mar 30 '12 at 14:30
2 Answers 2
J2EE is the superset for Java SE and Java ME, meaning that you have as many libraries available as you would for those two.
Now, it does not make much sense choosing EE, because most of the additions are oriented to big servers and databases.
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As Ef Es said J2EE is the superset for J2SE. Your teacher may have wanted you to use either a database or a server for your game to communicate with.
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Ray of hope – sterilisation using X-rays
Electron beam and gamma radiation have long been the traditional powerhouses when it comes to medical device sterilisation. However, the use of X-rays is beginning to gain serious traction as the method becomes increasingly viable. Anthony Berejka explains the benefits of a process that can be started and stopped at the touch of a button, and why radioactive sterilisation may soon be a thing of the past.
X-rays are currently being used for medical device sterilisation at the Synergy Health facility in Däniken, Switzerland. Synergy operates a global network of gamma sterilisation facilities and has found X-rays to be a practical alternative to a radioactive isotope source.
X-rays and gamma irradiation are effective in eliminating bio-burdens for sterilisation and both have the same penetrating power. Thus, any containers that are or have been treated with gamma rays for sterilisation can also be treated with X-rays.
In contrast to the use of a radioactive isotope – cobalt-60, to produce gamma rays – X-rays are derived from an electrically powered accelerator. At the Däniken facility, a 700kW Rhodotron electron beam (E-beam) made by IBA Industrial has a fixed water-cooled tantalum target for converting accelerated electrons into X-rays.
X-ray generation is the only use for this accelerator. Being electrically powered, the accelerator can be turned on and off as required by production demands. By contrast, radioactive cobalt-60 sources continuously emit gamma radiation and must be periodically replenished, as their activity diminishes.
X-rays used for product sterilisation have been shown to have a better dose-uniformity ratio than gamma, thereby enhancing product quality. X-rays have a forward-peaked emission, are not isotropic and do not spread out in all directions as gamma rays do.
A dose of reality
E-beam accelerators themselves have long been used for some medical device sterilisation, as in-house equipment and at service providers. E-beam is also used in the manufacture of some medical products such as hydrogels, which are used in wound care and the treatment of burns.
So as not to initiate radioactivity in any target materials, E-beam equipment used in industry is no greater in accelerating energy than 10MeV – accelerators of this energy level have been used in medical device sterilisation for several decades.
Unlike research accelerators, industrial accelerators have high beam-currents that enable high throughput rates.
E-beam equipment ranging from 10MeV down to small, compact 80keV units is used in the manufacture of wire and cable, heat-shrinkable films and tubing, tyres, and the drying of inks, coatings and adhesives based on non-volatile materials (near-zero volatile organic compounds).
There are more than 1,700 such high-current E-beam accelerators in industrial use worldwide. Globally, there are fewer than a tenth of that number of gamma processing facilities – about 160, most of which are used for medical device sterilisation.
E-beam service facilities in Germany and Japan have accelerators that can be used with X-ray targets. In the US, following the anthrax attacks in late 2001, a facility that can do 10MeV E-beam irradiation and X-ray treatment based on a 130kW Rhodotron has been used by the US Postal Service to decontaminate mail.
Trays or envelopes of mail can be treated with 10MeV electrons, or parcels and sacks of mail can be loaded into totes and processed with X-rays. This procedure has been in operation since early 2002.
The unit of radiation exposure used in the medical area and in industrial processing – the dose – is the gray, where 1Gy=1J/kg of mass.
The common chest X-ray exposes the patient to a centigray or 0.01Gy, an exceedingly low exposure that is sufficient for diagnostic purposes but insufficient to cause bodily harm.
By contrast, 25kGy is the common exposure used in medical device sterilisation, whether the source is a radioactive isotope, X-rays or an E-beam. This is six orders of magnitude greater than diagnostic exposures and is more than sufficient to kill any bio-burden found on medical devices.
The table (below) compares some of the properties of E-beams, X-rays and a radioactive gamma source, cobalt-60, that are used for medical device sterilisation. While the penetration of X-rays and gamma rays are comparable, there is a notable difference in dose rate. At 700kW, the Däniken facility can process nearly 19m3 an hour, which is more than 150,000m3 a year of low-bulk-density medical products.
Besides the obvious enhancement of product throughput – perhaps ten times as much each hour – studies on materials used in medical devices, such as radiation-stabilised polypropylenes (PP) used in the manufacture of syringes and other items, have shown X-rays to have fewer deleterious effects on the material.
PP itself is known to be sensitive to radiation degradation, leading to embrittlement and reductions in elongation. Stabilised grades of PP formulated for use with medical devices show a significant retention of properties when exposed to the same sterilisation dose (25kGy) from X-rays than from gamma rays. The higher dose-rate of X-rays, implying shorter exposure times, may be less deleterious for other materials as well.
The pedigree of X-rays
X-rays provide the convenience of having easy-on-easy-off electrically sourced equipment that can operate in step with production demands. In contrast to radioactive gamma sources, X-ray equipment does not require periodic, costly replenishment. X-ray equipment is not subject to the vagrancies of isotope supply or to the complex issues involved in international or interstate shipment. In the US, interstate shipments of cobalt-60 must be continually tracked.
High-powered X-ray-generating E-beams and intense gamma sources used for medical device sterilisation require the same level of personnel shielding with thick-walled concrete vaults. However, the security issues of maintaining large amounts of radioactive materials, as happens in gamma facilities, some of which are near residential neighbourhoods, do not pertain to X-ray sources. Electrically sourced X-ray equipment does not pose the same security concerns over transportation or logistics.
While the ability of ionising radiation to kill bacteria and bio-burdens was known from the first decade of the 20th century, shortly after Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of X-radiation in 1895, there was a long progression of E-beam development throughout the century.
Using glass tube constructions as Roentgen did, William Collidge, with the General Electric Company, developed the first E-beam devices in the mid-1920s. It was not until the late 1950s and '60s that high-current E-beam units were developed with sufficient beam power for meaningful industrial use. The conversion of accelerated electrons into X-rays involves a considerable loss of energy. When using tantalum, the best practical target material, X-ray conversions range between 3-14% depending on the beam energy and power.
In the early 1990s, IBA developed and began commercialising the Rhodotron accelerator. This accelerator has the capability to go to high energies – 10MeV – and high currents, a much greater combination than the industrial linear accelerators that have been used for some E-beam medical device sterilisation – typically 10MeV but also 20-50kW.
The Rhodotron used for the decontamination of mail by the US Postal Service operates at 130kW. For X-ray conversion, the beam energy is kept at 7MeV so as not to initiate any possible radioactivity in the tantalum X-ray target. For the Rhodotron unit in Däniken, Switzerland, the beam power is 700kW – 100mA of beam current at 7MeV.
Since beam current in the E-beam and X-ray modes governs product throughput, the Däniken X-ray unit will have substantially greater product throughput capabilities than any gamma facility. However, it was not until an industrial accelerator with high beam-energy and current was developed that X-ray medical device sterilisation could compete with industrial gamma ray sources.
In operating several gamma facilities that are used for medical device sterilisation, Synergy Health was well aware of all of the issues involved in maintaining gamma processing facilities. Rather than construct a new gamma plant, the company opted to go with X-ray processing. In the long term, the economics favour X-ray processing.
The entire accelerator system, including X-ray conversion capabilities, now costs less than the baseload of cobalt-60 needed for a large-scale radiation sterilisation facility. Other benefits of X-ray use, such as being less deleterious to materials, are also being borne out.
X-ray processing is now a viable industrial alternative to the use of radioactive gamma sources for medical device sterilisation. It would seem that a facility using X-rays from a high-powered E-beam would have an economic advantage over any gamma processor.


text:
Overcrowding. Contaminated water and food.
Poor housing conditions. Shortage of blankets and clothing.
A new environment with a type of malaria against which the refugees have no protection. Stagnant water becoming a mosquito breeding ground.
Overcrowding in a region where the disease is endemic (it is often seasonal in certain places).
Helminths, particularly hookworm
Overcrowding. Poor sanitation.
Scabies (a skin disease caused by mites)
Overcrowding. Poor bodily hygiene.
Xerophthalmia (infant blindness)
Vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia is often provoked by measles or some other acute infection).
Malaria, hookworm, shortage or poor assimilation of iron and folate.
Injuries in an unvaccinated population. Poor obstetrical practice may cause tetanus of the newborn.
ąPeople suffering from malnutrition are particularly at risk of serious attacks of all these diseases. Good nutrition therefore constitutes an effective preventive measure.
Health Library © 2023 All Rights Reserved MiracleworX Web Design Mumbai


MC Which statement is NOT CORRECT? Embedded database APIs can use early binding incorrect Embedded database APIs can use late binding correct Call-level database APIs can use early binding incorrect Call-level database APIs can use late binding incorrect MC Which statement is NOT CORRECT? One drawback of ODBC is that the architecture is mostly native to Microsoft-based platforms incorrect One drawback of ODBC is that application code needs to be modified every time a different driver needs to be used correct One drawback of ODBC is it not using an object-oriented paradigm incorrect One drawback of ODBC is that performance can be worse compared to proprietary DBMS API's incorrect MC Which statement is CORRECT? JDBC drivers come in different types, which come with different trade-offs in terms of portability and performance correct JDBC was originally developed to be used in the C++ programming language incorrect JDBC can only be used on Linux and Unix based systems incorrect Just like ODBC, JDBC does not expose programmer-friendly object classes to work with incorrect MC Which statement is NOT CORRECT? Enterprise JavaBeans are components that establish a clear decoupling between business logic and client applications incorrect Enterprise JavaBeans extend the concept of Java Beans incorrect Three types of Enterprise JavaBeans exist, although one type is outdated now incorrect Session Beans represent an object-oriented representation of business entities and can be made persistent correct MC Which statement is NOT CORRECT? The Java Persistence API arose as part of the specification of version 3.0 of the EJB standard incorrect The Java Persistence API is in itself just a specification defining a set of interfaces and annotations incorrect Java Database Objects are part of the Java Persistence API standard correct Java Database Objects are agnostic to the technology of the data store used incorrect MC Which statement is CORRECT? The JPA query language (JPQL) supports more complex queries than SQL incorrect JPQL queries can differ depending on the underlying DBMS used incorrect One big advantage of JPQL is its portability correct One big advantage of JPQL is the fact that it supports compile-time checking and validation of queries incorrect MC Which statement is NOT CORRECT? CGI was one of the first technologies that allowed for the construction of dynamic web pages incorrect CGI programs can be written in almost any programming language incorrect An important drawback of CGI was the fact that it could not handle database querying correct An advantage of CGI was that it could deal with user-supplied input, such as provided through HTML-forms incorrect MC Which of the following is not a client-side scripting language? JavaScript incorrect VBScript incorrect Jscript incorrect PHP correct MC Which JDBC driver type is implemented completely in Java and communicates directly with the vendor's DBMS through a network socket connection? Type 1 incorrect Type 2 incorrect Type 3 incorrect Type 4 correct MC Which statement is NOT CORRECT? SQLJ uses a preprocessor to translate embedded SQL statements before invoking the Java compiler incorrect SQL syntax can be checked before run-time when using SQLJ incorrect JDBC uses SQLJ as an underlying technology correct Many IDEs do not have SQLJ support incorrect MC Which database access technique does the following C# statement illustrate?
public void Example() {
DataClassesContext dc = new DataClassesContext();
var q =
from a in dc.GetTable()
where a.CustomerName.StartsWith("Seppe")
select a;
dataGrid.DataSource = q;
} JDBC incorrect ODBS incorrect Language-integrated queries correct None of these techniques incorrect MC Which statement is NOT CORRECT? The JPA was meant as a replacement for entity beans in EJB 2.0 incorrect JPA relies heavily on annotations and convention-over-configuration incorrect JPA uses its own internal query language, but supports SQL as well incorrect All these statements are correct correct


Irish milky tea a trojan horse to obesity?
Haha, caught your attention?
I wonder how much milky tea has to do with obesity in Ireland, because of its regular drip-feed of insulin-spiking milk throughout the day.
Such a sacrosanct thing surely couldn't have any ill effects, right? Simply to question the Irish cup of tea risks an onslaught of horror.
A cupán tae is heart-warming. It's a relief in the busy day. It's milky goodness, without that harsh bitterness of brewed black tea. In being the heart-warming relief, it's also an emotional crutch – I learned this habit from my childhood and regularly practice it myself daily. A cup of tea can be that emotional sticky plaster that settles the nerves after life's daily stresses, like getting the kids out the door for school or finding a fix to a software bug.
But the first cup of tea is soon followed by the next cup of tea, losing count of the number of cups of tea by the end of the day.
The origins of the cup of tea don't seem so dramatic. As far as I can tell, it was a mid-afternoon treat. You'd have the small porcelain teapot, and pour yourself a small porcelain cup of tea. Drinking from a cup that tiny might be enough to get laughed at today. What we have for cups of tea are mugs of tea.
My focus here is on the milkiness of tea, I'll ignore the topic of sugary tea. For me, the milkier the better. I know others have more refined taste and manage to just "whiten" their dark cup of brewed tea. A milky drink is really a kids' drink, drinking it as an adult might be something we could be ashamed of. It's got that childhood motherly comfort that not many foods or beverages can provide.
In his book The Obesity Code, Dr. Jason Fung's core thesis is that obesity is an outcome of hormonal (im)balances, in contrast to our "fed" view that it's simply how many calories we eat.
He says that any food causes some spike in insulin, the hormone that's responsible for storing fat. Hormones are meant to be "pulsatory" in nature – that is that their intention is to spike for a short period and then go back to near-zero levels.
The trouble comes from decades of insulin flowing in your body for too many hours during the day. Your body's systems ignore the higher-than-expected levels of the hormone (an intelligent thing to do), which then means that even more insulin has to be pumped into the bloodstream in order for the glucose in your blood to go somewhere else where it won't make so much harm.
Dr. Fung's general advice is to tweak what you eat and when you eat. The "when" is an interesting one that's probably overlooked by many of us. The idea is that we can go with two, perhaps three, meals a day, and let our insulin levels drop right down for the rest of the day.
He suggests that there are two modes in our bodies related to insulin, and you can't be in-between: you're either in fat-storage mode, or in fat-burning mode.
Where does milky tae come into all this? A single little cup of slightly-milky tea has a small effect of insulin. It spikes it up just a tiny bit. Then your body goes back down to picking into your fat reserves.
But take this to a modern setting: between meals, it's very easy to get a cup of tea per hour, and the cups are actually mugs. Let's say you're drip-feeding yourself 200ml of milk throughout the day. Your body never gets that four or six hour rest of fat-burning mode, because you keep spiking it with little bits of insulin throughout your day.
And what piggy-backed habits do you have for your cup of tea? Maybe depending on the time of day you have it with a little chocolate, or a few biscuits, or nuts, or cheese. It might be the hook to more things you're consuming that only the milky tea itself (yes, I just said it, tea is a gateway drug).
What's my real point to myself here? It's to find a replacement habit for this milky tea habit (such as pu-erh tea with bit of lemon juice), plus it's implementing this in my normal days more broadly so that my body is indeed getting long stretches with no insulin spikes caused by my own consumption of food and drinks.


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Clean Code with underscores in literals
As of java 1.7 the java language specification allows integer literals to contain underscores in order to make them more readable. If it is applied in a good way it can enormously increase the readability of your code. In java 1.6 one had to define integer literals like this: int iterations = _PHONE_; long bytes = 0b11010010011010011001010010010010; With java 1.7 such integer literals can be written more readably by using the underscore as a thousands separators. int iterations = 10_000_000; or when using binary literals one can use the underscores to group bytes long bytes = 0b11010010_01101001_10010100_10010010; Further information can be found at _URL_ _URL_ Recommended Reading
How to fix java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.ibm.websphere.ssl.protocol.SSLSocketFactory in eclipse
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text:
Definitions For Great Lakes Water Withdrawal Registration
For purposes of implementing the Great Lakes Water Conservation and Management Act, the following definitions are applicable for registering water withdrawals and losses.
- Facility is one or more pieces of water withdrawal equipment at the same site, including but not limited to any place of business, farm, factory, industrial or commercial site, institution, structure, open land, vessel, or rolling stock, where water is withdrawn for any purpose.
- Agriculture is the practice of farming on a farm for crops, plants, vines and trees; and the keeping, grazing or feeding of livestock for sale as livestock or livestock products.
- Farm is an agricultural business that may be composed of up to 25 non-contiguous parcels of land within a radius of 40 miles that are under the ownership or control of the same person.
- Water withdrawal is a withdrawal of surface or ground water from the Great Lakes Basin of 100,000 gallons per day averaged over 30 consecutive days.
- Water loss means the consumptive use of Great Lakes water, or the diversion of water out of the Great Lakes Basin, or both.
- Consumptive use is a use of water that results in a failure to return any portion of the amount withdrawn to the Great Lakes Basin.
- Interbasin diversion is a transfer of water out of the Great Lakes Basin through any mechanism such as a pipe or canal and including a change in ground water flow caused by pumping.
- Great Lakes Basin is shown in a map along with a list of basin communities in Appendix A of the Great Lakes Water Withdrawal Registration Program Handbook.


text:
School community partnerships
Students' learning about and for a safe road/rail system is influenced by consistent messages and practices by all members of the school community. This membership includes parents, students, whānau, school staff, police, and territorial authorities.
School community partnerships may be evident by:
- Contribution of school community members in maintaining a road safety education policy.
- Enthusiasm from parents/whānau for road patrol duty.
- Road safety units that include home school partnerships.
- Parent/guardians adhering to guidelines/rules designed to improve safety e.g. minimising school gate congestion, vehicle and driver requirements for EOTC activities.
- Road safety messages (preferably student developed) are included in school newsletters
- Police officers and school travel planners regularly visit the school.
- The school community responds positively to reported instances of dangerous or potential dangerous road use.
- Student learning in road safety units is incorporated into policies/procedures/guidelines developed by the school and local territorial authorities which affect driver, pedestrian, cyclist and passenger behavior in the local school community.
- Students' learning directly influences their transport and play environment. E.g. considerate road sharing, safer crossing points, road calming for safer vehicle speeds, alternative cycle and pedestrian routes away from roads, changes to the school's road safety education policy.
More resourcesFind the latest road safety education resources from New Zealand and overseas, on the NZTA Pinterest board:
List of NZTA resources
A process for building school communities is identified in a range of educational programmes including:
School Community Officers (formerly called Police Education Officers) are experienced police officers who work in collaboration with whole school communities, to enhance community safety, including road safety.
All the resources you need for setting up a Walking School Bus at your school
Using these Point of View videos students can identify hazards, discuss and role play safe practices, and watch models of safe pedestrian behaviour.
Here you will find a list of past newsletters from the Education Portal.
A collection of leaflets describing the things you need to know to help teach your child about staying safe on roads, cycling, walking, taking the bus and near railways.
A SlideShare and PowerPoint presentation for families, caregivers and teachers. Describes key safety procedures to follow when riding a push scooter.
A safe school travel plan provides an opportunity for parents, caregivers, schools and the community to work together to improve safety. This booklet was updated in June 2011 and is published online only.
On this page, you can see all of the Feet First resources in one long list


text:
The elephant in the room – combatting stigma
Who is this session for: all employees
Make a booking enquiry
This session is for all employees.
The purpose of this session is to give participants an awareness of stigma and the impact of this in the workplace, and to take proactive steps to breaking down stigma around health and wellbeing.
- How to stop feeding the elephant, tools to eradicate health stigma
- Recognising and challenging stigma at work
- Stigma and culture change
- Language and labels
- The courage of conversations
- Increased awareness and understanding of the impact of stigma
- Tools to combat stigma and promote open communication
- A 90-minute session
- Up to 18 delegates
- Interactive delivery using polls, chat, breakout discussions


text:
The River Cole is about 25 miles long. It rises on the lower slopes
of Forehill, one of the south-western ramparts of the Birmingham
Plateau, and enters the Blythe just south of its confluence with
the Tame. The name is pre-Saxon and means 'hazel'. The Cole is an
intriguing stream, much affected by post-glacial events. Its south-flowing
upper reaches were once a tributary of the Blythe, captured when
the faster-flowing Cole cut back to Hob Hill.
The contrast between the relatively straight course to Stechford
and the aimless meandering therefrom is explained by the river's
having been diverted from a confluence with the Tame probably near
Castle Bromwich : an ice-sheet or moraine overlying Hodge Hill and
Shard End obliged the Cole to wander eastward into the Blythe valley.
It is notably lacking in tributaries south of Titterford : the largest,
the Chinn Brook, may have been the original source stream.
Due to lack of replenishing brooks, the quick floods to which the
Cole has always been subject subside as quickly as they rise. This
is because of the impermeable clay across which it flows : the former
dense oak forest cover retained heavy rain, releasing it gradually
but the drained meadows of the modern landscape shed water as fast
as they receive it.
The first documentary record of the river is in the Yardley Charter
of AD 972, where it is 'colle'. More recently various stretches
have been known as Inkford, Mere (boundary), Low, Greet, and Hay
Mill Brook. South of Birmingham it is the county bound : Solihull
Lodge was a C13th 'lodgment' in Kings Norton and Worcestershire
west of the river. From Sparkbrook northward it forms Yardley's
border with Bordesley, Little and Castle Bromwiches. There are 12
watermill sites beside the Cole and 8 or 9 on side-streams.
Today the valley is seen to have three major divisions : the upper
rural, the central suburban and industrial, and the lower rural
again. Within Birmingham the central reach can be conveniently sub-divided
into Cole Valley South, from the boundary at Solihull Lodge / Shirley
to Greet Playing Field, The Ackers, from Greet to Hay Mills, and
Cole Valley North. This article is concerned with the first only.
The attractions of the two-mile walk in the Cole Valley South include
wild birds and many varieties of plant and tree : natural and artificial
watercourses, evidence of past and present water action : fords
and old bridges : three millponds, a large fishpond, and a unique
wetland area : sites of farms and mills : old and new roads, housing
estates : and a visit to the only surviving watermill in the city.
Except for The Ackers, a communications and former industrial zone,
the Cole Valley within Birmingham is a green strip bordered by suburbs.
That it is we owe to the determination of Yardley R. D. C. and its
successor since 1912 the City Council, that the Cole should not
suffer the fate of the Rea - confined in a deep artificial channel
and walled away from view.
While their imaginative plan is still not fully implemented, the
river banks are devoted to allotments, sports fields, recreation
grounds and parks, with some waste land.
The building of a footbridge at Greet will open a continuous walk
to Stechford, and with but a short detour from there to Kingshurst.
In the south we can walk in the green from Slade Lane to Stratford
Road, whence allotments bar the way to Warwick Road.
Our walk beings at the gravel ford on Slade Lane, now concrete-paved
and spanned by a girder bridge. Just south of the ford a channel
leaves the river and is culverted under the lane : this is the headrace
to Titterford Mill, which we follow to the millpool. The'slade'
is the Cole's boggy valley, whose black silt is churned by motorbikes
and trucks. On the right bank illicit dumping disfigures an interesting
wasteland of secondary growth and winding paths.
At Scribers Lane the early C19th bridge survives, much patched.
Wear on the ford has caused it to spread for thirty yards along
the lane. Excess water from the race here returns to the river down
a sluiceway. The lane is a worn holloway up the east slope. Leisure
Gardens and meadows used for horse-training parallel the river and
the 7 1/2 acre pool, now a park amenity, which formerly provided
6 h.p. to Titterford Mill.
Beyond the meadows is the embankment of the North Warwickshire
Railway line, built by the G. W. R. in 1906-7 : a cattle-creep bridge
which gave access for the stock of Oaklands Farm to the riverside
has been removed. 'Primrose Brook' is culverted beneath the bank
and enters the Cole opposite the pool. On the west of Priory Road
is the council housing estate of 1927, which covers part of Yardley
Wood Common. A vestige thereof remains open as churchyard, schools'
playing field, pastures, and sports ground.
Titterford Watermill was in existence by 1779 : four years later
it was advertised as 'a new water corn mill, two water wheels, four
pairs of stones, dressing mill, and a new wire mach (mesh?), with
garners of upwards of 2,000 bags of wheat. Also a bakehouse and
implements, and about three acres of meadow'.
The large capital outlay on buildings, machinery, and major waterworks
was justified because of the growing demand for flour in Birmingham
and the lack of spare waterpower there. The complex of buildings
stood at what is now the foot of Trittiford Road. (There are many
variants of the name for the river crossing.) Water went from the
great pool in a deep cutting to a small pond beside the three surviving
horse-chestnut trees, which also was fed by a long leat from Chinn
Brook. Map. Cole Valley - South (B)
After turning the wheels water ran down a tail-race which was well
below river level : Chinn Brook had to be diverted far into the
Dingle, flowing at a lesser gradient than the river, until it could
join the Cole at the same level. Near the great incised meander
in the Dingle the Cole has broken into the brook, and the difference
in levels can be seen.
About mid-C19th a steam engine and house were installed at the
mill, adding 20 hp to its power which was thereafter used to roll
steel for pen-nibs. A fire in the early 1920's necessitated demolition
of the mill, but the attached dairy farm survived a few years longer.
The millpool and its environs, the Dingle, and the Chinn valley,
all were opened to the public more than sixty years ago.
Titterford wain bridge is early C19th. The ford alongside has long
since disappeared under silt deposits. Earthen ramps for the new
bridge by which Highfield Road will sweep across the river and up
the hill to Christ Church have been waiting for 46 years, but progress
is expected in '86.
There is plentiful evidence of water action in the Dingle. An advancing
curve which was encroaching on the gravel path has been infilled,
but farther north the incised meander will probably cut into the
bank no more as much of the flow has been diverted into the tailrace
referred to above.
The remains of many former loops, some of them still lined with
willows, may be seen along the valley : just above the weir the
outline of a pool is defined. Between the two entrances from the
Cole Valley Road (part of a riverside highway made in the Twenties
from Highfield Road to Greet) are former hedge lines, and ridges
and furrows made for drainage : in dry weather the ridges go brown
while the hollows remain green.
Foxes use the valley as a route into the suburbs, geese fly between
the millpool and tributary lakes, and a variety of birds may be
recorded at all seasons.
The weir at 'the Whorl-hole' is modern, serving only to keep up
the water level as an amenity. Its predecessor was higher and retained
a pond which fed the head-race of Sarehole Mill. This half-mile
channel, four yards wide, was cut in 1768, to provide a better supply
than that of Coldbath Brook. Its brick inlet, formerly closable
by a plank sluice-gate, is in poor repair but recognisable. In flood
the race used to hold water, which returned to the river at Four
Arches Bridge, but it has been breached at several points and partly
infilled. Small brick arches still cross its line.
Four Arches Bridge was first recorded in 1822 : it formerly linked
Webb and Old Brook Lanes. The wain ford alongside and the side approached
have disappeared. When


Definitions for uterine tube
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word uterine tube
Princeton's WordNet
 1. Fallopian tube, uterine tube, oviduct(noun)
 either of a pair of tubes conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus
Wiktionary
 1. uterine tube(Noun)
 A Fallopian tube
Numerology
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of uterine tube in Chaldean Numerology is: 9
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of uterine tube in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5
Images & Illustrations of uterine tube
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text: The upcoming hypersonic technologies pose a difficult task for air navigation systems. The article presents a designed model of elastic interaction of penetrating acoustic radiation with flat isotropic suspension elements of an inertial navigation sensor in the operational conditions of hypersonic flight. It has been shown that the acoustic transparency effect in the form of a spatial-frequency resonance becomes possible with simultaneous manifestation of the wave coincidence condition in the acoustic field and equality of the natural oscillation frequency of a finite-size plate and a forced oscillation frequency of an infinite plate. The effect can lead to additional measurement errors of the navigation system. Using the model, the worst and best case suspension oscillation frequencies can be determined, which will help during the design of a navigation system.


text:
Organize and Analyze your course documents. Here's how you can get started:
All you have to do is upload a document, and we bring all of the important information to you.
1. Upload documents
- Upload course documents to your class group dashboard.
- Osmosis supports word docs, powerpoints, and pdfs.
- Any member of the group with the right privileges can do this, but it's easier to coordinate if only a few group members are in charge.
2. Create a new folder.
Folders are time-specific and work with your Daily Repetition Quiz. They're designed to match the course modules, blocks, sequence, etc. that your school uses to organize their curriculum and class calendar, and so they also require information from you:
- Course Name
- Start Date & Exam Date


text:
One of the busiest shipping areas in the 1700's was
the passage between Nantucket and the mainland.
The route between Great Point (or Sandy Point, as it was known)
was one of the most hazardous. In 1770, residents of Nantucket
formed a committee to persuade the General Court of Massachusetts
to build a lighthouse at Great Point. They later sent a local
representative to "use his influence" to gain support
for the lighthouse.
In 1784, a total of 1389 pounds was allocated for construction
of the lighthouse. The first Great Point Light (also known as Nantucket Light)
was built in 1785. The original wooden tower initially had no keeper's house at the site -
the keeper had to travel seven miles across the barrier beach to and from the
The first keeper was Captain Paul Pinkham. Pinkham was initially paid $166.66 a year -
a figure later increased due to the hardships of maintaining the station.
Eventually a residence was built near the station.
Keeper Pinkham resupplied the station by driving a horse and cart to Coatue,
across from the town of Nantucket, left his horse in a shed he had constructed
at the beach, and rowed across the channel into town.
During his time at the light, Pinkham created the first accurate chart of the nearby
shoals. This chart proved invaluable to mariners. Pinkham presided at Great Point
when responsibility for the station was turned over to the Federal Government in 1789.
In 1795, thieves stole keeper Pinkham's boat and used it to rob the Nantucket Bank.
Keeper Pinkham died in 1799, and was replaced by George Swain.
Jonathan Coffin, the next keeper, was forced to resume the long trek
to the light when a fire destroyed the keeper's residence in 1812.
Coffin petitioned directly to the Secretary of the Treasury, Albert Gallatin,
and was granted hardship pay for the arduous journey.
The original tower was destroyed by fire in November 1816 - arson was suspected,
but never proven. Due to the importance of the location, $7500 was quickly allocated
for a new lighthouse. A temporary wooden skeleton light tower was installed
during construction. The stone tower was completed in early 1818 for $7385.12.
The tower was 60 feet tall, and whitewashed for greater visibility.
The 14 lamps were visible 11 miles away.
The keeper's house was not replaced until 1825, when
a new stone structure was built with a covered walkway to the lighthouse.
Several major renovations took place during the light's history.
In 1857, a third-order Fresnel lens was installed
An assistant keeper's house was added, and the
tower lined with brick. The lantern room was replaced in 1861.
The residences were replaced with a new double-keeper's dwelling in 1889.
The presence of the lighthouse failed to prevent shipwrecks. Between
1863 and 1890 there were 43 wrecks off Great Point.
Mariners were apparently unable to distinguish Great Point
with the Cross Rip an Handkerchief lightships - all fixed lights.
The problem was finally remedied in 1889 when a red panel was placed
in the lantern room at Great Point to mark the Cross Rip Shoal area.
Great Point Light was automated in the 1950's. The keeper's residence
was boarded up. On October 23, 1966, a suspicious fire burned the
keeper's residence to the ground. In 1971, the Fresnel lens was replaced
with a modern optic. As time passed, erosion
brought the sea closer and closer to the lighthouse.
While there was much discussion on how to save the tower,
nothing was done, nor was the funding available. In 1981, the Coast
Guard estimated moving the lighthouse would cost $450,000.
Some maintenance did occur - in November 1983, the Coast Guard
repainted and refurbished the tower.
The preservation efforts were too late.
On March 29, 1984, the lighthouse was destroyed in a hurricane-force storm.
No one learned of the collapse until the following morning, when the
point was seen from the air.
The storm also created a break in the barrier beach, temporarily turning
Great Point into an island.
When the Coast Guard proposed placing a skeleton tower at the point,
the islanders vetoed the proposal. To maintain the historical
character of the island, a replica of the 1818 tower was built.
The new tower was erected three hundred yards west of the previous tower.
It was 70 feet tall, and used exterior rubblestone from the 1818 light.
The inner core was reinforced concrete, and the interior lined with brick.
The tower foundation was sunk 35 feet below ground.
An aluminum spiral staircase was installed, and the modern optic powered
by solar panels. The red sector was also replaced.
The cost of the new light was $1 million, and was funded by an
amendment to the Continuing Resolution of 1817, which appropriated
funds for the 1818 light.
The new tower was lit on September 6, 1986, and remains an active aid to navigation.
Nantucket Lights, Butler pp. 43-64
Lighthouses of Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket - Their History and Lore, Clark pp. 146-151
The Lighthouses of New England, Snow pp. 278-284, 286
Massachusetts Lighthouses - A Pictorial Guide, Thompson pp. 106-107
Lighthouses and Life Saving Stations Along the Massachusetts Coast, Claflin p. 103
New England Lighthouses, Roberts and Jones p. 75
Lighthouses of Massachusetts, Roberts and Jones pp. 71


Smart Takes
Ford unveils Evos concept; intelligent hybrid car built for the cloud
Ford unveils Evos concept; intelligent hybrid car built for the cloud
Posting in Design
Ford unveils the Evos concept car, a plug-in hybrid vehicle designed with cloud-based intelligence that can automatically adapt performance to individual drivers and road conditions.
Here's something I never thought I'd write: take a gander at the first car designed expressly for the cloud.
American automaker Ford on Tuesday unveiled its Evos concept car, a plug-in hybrid vehicle that it says represents the design direction of its entire global fleet. (And a new direction it is: it's a fastback-style model with gullwing doors and a trapezoidal grille.)
The vehicle intends to be a showcase for intuitive in-car tech, from the Microsoft-based Sync and MyFordTouch telematics systems to its hybrid electric powertrain, that will appear in future Ford vehicles.
Simply, it's the next step in a smarter car: situational adaptation.
[Photo Gallery: Ford's Evos concept car: sharp from every angle]
[Photo Gallery: Designing the Ford Evos concept car]
Which includes features such as:
 1. Seamless connectivity between the vehicle and the driver's "personal cloud‟ of information, from home to office to car.
 2. That information includes the driver's work schedule, local traffic or weather conditions and other pertinent information to a trip.
 3. The car can therefore detect and "know" the driver and automatically adapt handling, steering, suspension and powertrain systems to the person's habits or to the immediate road ahead.
 4. It can monitor the physical state and workload of the driver and adjust the driving experience accordingly.
 5. It can automatically play the same music or news program that was just streaming at home.
 6. It can heat or cool the interior to an ideal temperature before the driver gets in, using a predicted departure time, rather than an explicit request.
 7. Wireless communication abilities allow the car to close the garage door and switch off the lights automatically as it pulls away.
 8. The car's cloud-based abilities can offer driving recommendations via social media networks and even reset your alarm clock if a morning meeting is cancelled.
 9. A heart-rate monitoring seat, allergy-free interiors, location-aware air quality sensors, filtration systems and a situationally-aware instrument panel (displays only necessary gauge information) round out the brainpower.
 10. Underneath the hood, a lithium-ion plug-in hybrid powertrain borrowed from the Ford C-Max Energi makes it happen. (Why hybrid and not all-electric? So it can achieve a range of 500 miles.)
It's all about the transition, ensuring that the car isn't a technological black hole -- nor a new platform to master. It's also all about stepping toward autonomy -- letting the vehicle judge what's best for it, rather than the default factory settings.
Paul Mascarenas, chief technical officer and vice president of Ford Research and Innovation, likened the vehicle to a "personal assistant." (The PDA, reincarnated as a 3,000-lb. machine?)
"We see technology as more than just an impressive list of microprocessors, sensors and software," Mascarenas said in a statement. "It's about the application of that technology to create an experience that enhances the driver's time behind the wheel."
Or, succinctly: context.
Share this
Andrew Nusca
Editor Emeritus


NVIDIA GPUDirect Storage O_DIRECT Requirements Guide
NVIDIA GPUDirect Storage O_DIRECT Requirements Guide (PDF)
NVIDIA GPUDirect Storage O_DIRECT Requirements Guide
The NVIDIA® GPUDirect Storage® O_DIRECT Requirements Guide helps you understand how GDS can provide significant benefits when it can leverage the O_DIRECT fcntl.h file mode for a direct data path between GPU memory and storage.
This section provides an introduction to the O_DIRECT requirements for GDS.
Note:
O_DIRECT is the only supported mode before CUDA toolkit 12.2 (GDS version 1.7). CUDA 12.2 (GDS version 1.7) introduces support for non O_DIRECT file descriptors as well. The rest of this guide is still relevant for applications depending upon GDS benefits by expressing intent to use O_DIRECT file mode.
NVIDIA® GPUDirect® Storage (GDS) is the newest addition to the GPUDirect family. GDS enables a direct data path for direct memory access (DMA) transfers between GPU memory and storage, which avoids a bounce buffer through the CPU. This direct path increases system bandwidth and decreases the latency and utilization load on the CPU.
GDS can provide significant benefit when it can leverage the O_DIRECT (fcntl.h) file mode for a direct data path between GPU memory and storage. There are many conditions that must be met to achieve the performance benefits of the O_DIRECT mode, and these conditions are not always met by all file systems. The conditions might depend on the transfer size, whether it's a read or write, whether the write is to new data (past the end of the file or to a hole in the file), and based on many other conditions such as whether checksums are required. This document describes the conditions where O_DIRECT, on which GDS relies, can be used. The target audience for this guide includes:
 - End users and administrators who:
 - Understand filesystems, so they can carefully consider the implications of features they enable.
 - Compare support from different filesystems to determine the appropriate models and how to use them.
 - Evaluate the weighted fraction of cases that do or don't use O_DIRECT effectively.
 - Middleware developers who:
 - Consider the design trade-offs that increase the likelihood that the vendor layer can effectively use O_DIRECT.
 - Filesystems vendors and implementers who:
 - Accelerate their assessment of the various cases to be handled with O_DIRECT as they enable GDS in new or customized filesystems.
1.1. Related Documents
Since the original creation of this guide, additional GDS documents and online resources have been created which support and provide additional context for the optimal use of and understanding of this specification.
Refer to the following guides for more information about GDS:
To learn more about GDS, refer to the following blogs:
This section provides some basic background on where GDS can be most effectively used.
This information enables readers with varying degrees of technical accuity to get a general sense of whether, and to what degree, GDS can benefit filesystems that make different design choices.
2.1. Summary of Basic Requirements
Here is some information about the O_DIRECT requirements
The GDS architecture has the following key requirements:
 - The kernel storage driver can perform a DMA of user data to or from GPU memory by using addresses that were obtained from callbacks to the GDS kernel module, nvidia-fs.ko.
 - The device near the storage has a DMA engine that can reach the GPU memory buffer via PCIe.
 - For local storage, an NVMe device performs DMA.
 - For remote storage, a NIC device performs RDMA.
 - The filesystem stack that operates at the user-level, or the kernel-level, or both, and never needs to access the data in CPU system memory.
 Instead, data is transferred directly between storage and GPU memory, which is achieved by filesystems that exclusively use the O_DIRECT mode for a given file.
Figure 1 illustrates a way to visualize conditions for O_DIRECT. It covers cases where there is, or is not, an operator (
operator.png
) in the data path to storage, and whether that operator is in the CPU or GPU. If the operator is in the CPU, you cannot use O_DIRECT.
Figure 1. Summary of Basic Requirements
visualize-odirect-conditions.png
The data coming from (or going to) storage cannot use O_DIRECT if it must be processed in the CPU, as symbolized by cross operator. It can use O_DIRECT if it only goes through the GPU whether there's a transformational operator there as symbolized by a cross operator like checksum on the GPU or there's no operation at all, as symbolized by a clean arrow.
Lack of support for RDMA in network filesystems, or network block devices, implies the need to copy data to socket buffers in system memory. This need is incompatible with the basic requirements listed above. If the conditions for using GDS do not hold, for example, because the mount for the file is not GDS enabled, or the nvidia-fs.ko driver is not available, compatibility mode, a cuFile feature that falls back to copying through a CPU bounce buffer, can be used. You can enable compatibility mode in the cufile.json file. Users can override the system's version of the cufile.json file by creating their own copy and pointing the appropriate environment variable to that user's copy. Outside of compatibility mode, the APIs will fail if O_DIRECT is not possible.
Note:
As of CUDA toolkit 12.2 (GDS version 1.7), the APIs would work in compatibility mode, even if the file descriptor that is used with the cuFile APIs is opened in non O_DIRECT mode. Even in such a case, the APIs would leverage the GDS path whenever a direct path between storage and gpu buffer exits. For all other cases the APIs go via the page cache for fds opened in non O_DIRECT mode. This can be viewed as the compatibility mode leveraging the page cache that can typically be used for smaller file I/Os with a high degree of temporal locality, like the case of application headers or metadata.
2.2. Client and Server
Here is some information about how the client and server work with O_DIRECT.
In a local file or block systems, a software stack performs all IO. In a distributed file or block system, at least two agents are involved. the client makes a read or write request, and a server services it. There are two types of filesystems:
 - Block-based
 - Network-attached
A block-based system can be serviced locally or remotely, while network-attached filesystems are always remote. Consider the following interaction between a client and server:
 - The direct data path between the NIC and GPU memory happens on the client.
 To enable this direct path, client-side drivers must first be enabled with GDS.
 - RDMA is a protocol to access remote data over a network and uses the NIC to DMA directly into client-side memory.
 Without RDMA, there is no direct path, and GDS for distributed file and block systems relies on GPUDirect RDMA for the direct path between the NIC and GPU memory.
 - Using RDMA also relies on server-side support.
Filesystem implementations that do not support RDMA on the server side will not support GDS. For example, NFS only works with server-side NFS instead of RDMA support, which is not yet available from all NFS vendors.
2.3. Cases Where O_DIRECT is Not a Fit
Here is some information about features that are used by specific filesystems, which might inhibit the use of full GDS benefits.
In POSIX, the mode in which files are opened is controlled by a set of flags. One of these flags, O_DIRECT, indicates a user's intent to not buffer transfers in CPU system memory but to rather make transfers be more direct. O_DIRECT, for example, generally disables the use of a page cache. Although this flag is an expression of user intention, the implementation can still make its own trade-offs.
For example, the implementation might decide to treat small transfers differently from larger transfers that take a more direct path. In another example, a filesystem might offer an option for the user to enable read ahead for the page cache. This option, however, might conflict with the request from the user to use O_DIRECT for a file. In this case, how the implementation treats the competing requests depends on the implementation policy. Therefore, O_DIRECT can be considered a hint.
Several cases are listed below where a user's request to use O_DIRECT is not currently supported in filesystems, is not used in specific cases, or is fundamentally not feasible. The cases are delineated according to the agent that makes choices or trade-offs which impact that option. Here is some additional information:
 - Possibly relevant for users
 - User-buffered IO: Transfers might be buffered in the user space before being transferred to the kernel.
 This case might be used when many small transactions have good spatial and temporal locality.
 - Possibly relevant for middleware
 - Metadata management: There might be metadata with the data payload.
 Metadata might take many forms, including checks


Browser Helper Objects for Windows Explorer
Thanks to TuxExplorer for reminding me to blog about this.
Both Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer are able to load extensions known as Browser Helper Objects (BHOs). BHOs are a minimal extensibility point into both the shell and the browser, allowing extensions to sync to events and react accordingly. For instance, the Mouse Gestures add-on is a BHO designed for IE, while Groove implements a BHO designed to add functionality to the Windows Explorer shell.
Back in the IE6 timeframe, when Windows Explorer could actually host the Web Browser control and render web pages, developers might often want their BHO to load in both Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer. In cases where Developers didn't want their BHO to load in Windows Explorer, they could simply write a registry key named NoExplorer to prevent their BHO from being loaded into Windows Explorer. A developer who wanted to write a BHO that loaded only in Windows Explorer and not in IE had to do more work—in their DLLMain function, they'd have to get the module handle of the running executable and bail out of doing more work if they found they were running inside iexplore.exe (sample code). That wasn't great for performance, since the DLL itself must begin loading in order to determine where it is being hosted.
Internet Explorer 9 solves this problem with a new registry key, named NoInternetExplorer. A BHO that has this flag set in the registry (in the same manner as NoExplorer, above) will not be loaded into Internet Explorer. In that way, BHOs designed only for use inside Windows Explorer can be marked not to load in IE, ensuring that the IE performance isn't impacted by loading code not meant for the browser.
-Eric
Comments (3)
 1. anon says:
 Is this key only for BHOs or also for toolbars and Explorer bars?
 2. Ivo says:
 I second that question – how to make this work for toolbars? It is even more important than BHOs. Here's why:
 For BHOs, it is simply a matter of performance. IE can skip loading some DLL, and that's it.
 For toolbars though, the name of the toolbar will show in the IE's list of toolbars, even though it is only intended for Windows Explorer. The users will try to select it, and nothing will happen.
 3. _EMAIL_ says:
 Doing checks who loaded dll in DLLMain is bad idea, better do it in DllGetClassObject() or OnFinalConstruct().
 I also found today that "Enable third-party browser extensions" in Internet options can be a problem, preventing BHO made for Windows Explorer from loading. This is remnant from the old IE6 days and should be separated from IE.