Evolutionary Speciation as Thermodynamic Process
Cambrian Explosion was a Hot Event
Interesting if you think of life as a thermodynamic process, of increasing complexity of energy efficient bodies, which diffuse energy/heat in some formulaic evolutionary way.
Explains why the Cambrian explosion occurred, ie why a supermassive evolutionary speciation occurred.
Same reason why speciation is greatest along the equator.
One impetus for Organism evolution is thermodynamics.
This makes sense anyway.
It's like, the same reason why hot water freezes faster than cold water, ie Mpemba effect.
Crystallization seems to be encouraged by vibrations, like the molecules wiggle into place faster, and arrange into lattice structures more quickly, thus dissipating heat more efficiently.
I feel like it's somehow someway linked to evolutionary processes. Since like water is like super abundant on earth and some of the hottest and most humid areas on earth of greatest speciation.
So let's say you had two large containers filled with an fraction of water, with temperature sensors in the water, as well as temp and humidity sensors in the upper container filled with air, both in closed systems, with heat exchangers at the bottom to facilitate freezing.
One container began at 35° and the other at 100°. And you began freezing.
Monitor the rate it took to freeze the water, as well as air temp and air humidity.
Should probably also have something like a magnetic mixer in each container to reduce temperature differential within the bodies of water as much as possible. And maybe have heat exchangers on all sides not just the bottom
My friends say they are extremely confident that the one starting at 35 degrees would freeze before the one at 100 degrees and I think their rates of temperature decrease would be approach equivalence as you tightened the experimental controls
But, I think the magnetic mixer would screw it up, because it would distort the crystallization process, if we assume that. crystallization facilitated more efficient energy dissipation
On another note, thermodynamic processes also may explain why massive advances of complexity occurred with every technological advance which allowed humanity to harness energy more efficiently, ie agricultural revolution, scientific revolution, industrial revolution, leveraging oil, computer and digital revolution, etc.
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en:Car Terms:C:Cylinder Capacity 2019.0.14.0 GB/EN
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The cubic capacity refers to the volume of a cylinder between the upper point inside the cylinder head to the bottom dead centre of the piston. The engine capacity is the sum of all the capacities of all the cylinders taken together, depending on the number of cylinders.
The capacity specified in the car registration document refers to the engine capacity and is measured in cubic centimetres.
In many cases, the engine capacity in litres is added to the model name so you can see it more clearly. For example, the "SEAT Leon 1.6".
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Lesson 9: Priscilla
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Women such as Priscilla were important in the early spread of Christianity. Priscilla is never mentioned apart from her husband, Aquila, in the Scriptures. In Christian marriage, ideally, men and women are equal as persons, but different in function. Priscilla and Aquila welcomed Paul into their hearts and home, to live with them and work with them making tents. Paul established them in the doctrines of the faith, and they, in turn, taught others such as Apollos. Priscilla was intelligent, hospitable, and articulate. Her use of her gifts to nurture the church in its infancy is an inspiration to us today.
Study Questions
Read Acts 18.
 1. Study a map of Bible times to familiarize yourself with the travels of this couple. Locate Pontus, Rome, Corinth and Ephesus.
 2. What did Priscilla and Aquila have in common with Paul? What did they offer him? How long was he with them? How do you think they benefited from their relationship with him?
 3. What was the climate of Acts 18? How did the Jews in Corinth respond to the Gospel? The Gentiles? v. 4-8 What did the preaching of the Gospel result in for Paul? v.12-13
 4. What kind of pressure do you think may have been brought to bear on Priscilla and Aquila because of their association with Paul? What effect could this have had on their livelihood? What choice did they make? v. 18 Have you ever taken a stand for an unpopular cause because it was right? Was there any cost to you? Any blessing?
 5. Acts 18:24-28. Describe Apollos. What were his strengths? His weakness? What does this incident tell us about Priscilla and Aquila? Note their attitude and approach. What could they have done instead? What is the significance of the word they in v. 26?
 6. To see the importance of their influence briefly describe what became of Apollos. v. 27-28; 1 Cor. 1:12; 3:5-6, 22; 4:6; 16:12; Titus 3:13.
 7. Read Acts 19. Paul returned to Ephesus and probably stayed with them again. How long?
 v. 10 What was the effect of the Gospel on Ephesus? How do you think Priscilla and Aquila responded to the controversy here?
 8. Paul wrote 1 Corinthians from Ephesus. He mentions this couple in 16:19. What were they doing? How was their home being used?
 9. Romans 16:3-5. What does Paul call them here? What do you think he referred to when he said they risked their lives for me? Why should all the churches be grateful to them? What were they doing in Rome?
 10. 2 Timothy 4:19. This is Paul's last letter. What does his mention of them tell us about them?
 11. What do you think their marriage was like? What is suggested by the fact that her name is mentioned first four times out of six? What kind of man do you think Aquila was? What was the scope of their influence? Do you and your husband have common goals for ministry?
 12. Rom 12:13; 1Tim. 3:2; 5:10; Heb 13:2; 1 Peter 4:9. What is commanded in these verses about the use of our homes? Have you given your home to God for Him to use for the advance of the Gospel?
Related Topics: Character Study, Curriculum, Women's Articles


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Go to Rekindling the Spirit: The Rebirth of American Indian Spirituality
DocumentRekindling the Spirit: The Rebirth of American Indian Spirituality
DocumentPart 1: The spirits spoke to him
DocumentPart 2: The seventh fire
DocumentPart 3: Christianizing the Indians
DocumentPart 4: One church, two traditions
DocumentPart 5: Where tradition thrives
DocumentPart 6: Ceremony and symbolism
DocumentPart 7: The healing spirit
DocumentPart 8: Returning to the Red Road
Document'The jewelry on American culture'
DocumentPreserving the language
Your Voice
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DocumentE-mail this pageDocumentPrint this page
Part 7: The healing spirit
Larger view
Larry Aitken is a Native healer on the White Earth Reservation. He says there are hundreds of plants found in the forest that can be used for medicine. (MPR Photo/Tom Robertson)
Leech Lake Reservation — American Indians believe healing is part of all spiritual experience. Medicine is always combined with prayer, and the medicines comes from nature. Healers have passed the knowledge down for centuries.
Larry Aitken keeps a supply of roots, leave and herbs in a small building near his home on the Leech Lake Reservation. He's familiar with many of the plants used for healing.
"That's one of the medicines over there," says Aitken, as he pulls a chunk of wood from a box.
"I gotta chop this up. This is called ironwood, and you use it for when you have an upset stomach," he says.
Aitken says there are hundreds of plants found in the forest that can be used for medicine. Whenever plants are collected, Indians offer tobacco to show the Creator thanks for the gift.
Larger view
Image Dr. Fred Ness is convinced
Wild ginger root is used when someone gets sick from eating bad meat. Something called swamp tea is said to be an effective treatment for high blood pressure. Aitken says bear fat can clear up scalp conditions and cure certain heart disease.
Aitken is a member of Medewiwin, the Grand Medicine Society. He worked with widely respected Native healer Jimmy Jackson for many years. Aitken says Jackson trained many Indian healers.
"When I first started working with him, I didn't really keep a diary, but later on I started to," recalls Aitken. "Because he said, 'You'd better write that down, because you might forget that. I won't always be around here to tell you.'"
"He could heal just by praying. And that's really what a medicine man is able to do," says Aitken. "You go from learning plants and the healing powers, to being a philosopher, a spiritualist, then to the ability to just pray. Kind of like the laying of the hands, you know? And then you get to that level as a medicine man, your prayers are really powerful."
Larry Aitken performs some ceremonies. He helps the sick when he's asked. But he doesn't call himself a medicine man.
"It's not something you wish for because -- what's the new word? A 24/7 job -- 24 hours a day, seven days a week, because that's what he did," Aitken says of medicine man Jimmy Jackson. "His life wasn't his own. It belonged to whoever was sick or whoever needed to be married, whoever needed to be adopted, whoever needed to be buried, whoever needed to be doctored for whatever ailment they had. You're life didn't belong to you. But medicine chooses you. You don't choose to be a medicine man."
What I do in that room over there, I can't teach you. It has to come from a different place. Call it the spirit realm, dreams, God, the Creator, it has to come from him. To sit here and say I fully understand it -- I don't.
- Skip Sandman, Native healer
Most American Indian healers keep a low profile. They see themselves as a tool, chosen by the spirits.
Skip Sandman says he never expected to heal people. Sandman has an office at the Mille Lacs Indian health clinic in central Minnesota. It's an unusual blend of western and Indian medicine.
Skip Sandman calls himself nanaandawii'iwewinini, or one who doctors. Sandman is also what's known as a bone doctor. The term comes from the hollow bones he uses in ceremony. He says the bones are used to suck disease from patients.
Sandman works with the clinic's medical staff, but he has his own room for healing ceremonies. He will do ceremonies for Indian and non-Indian alike. But he doesn't talk much about it. He says healing is a gift he can't teach, or even explain.
"I can teach you about herbs and I can teach you a lot of different things. But what I do in that room over there, I can't teach you," says Sandman. "It has to come from a different place. Call it the spirit realm, dreams, God, the Creator, it has to come from him. To sit here and say I fully understand it -- I don't."
Sandman says the spirit realm chose him to be a conduit for the healing power of the Creator. Sandman didn't grow up in a traditional Indian home. But he says as a teenager, he began to have recurrent dreams of being chased by old men.
"They used to scare the heck out of me. You ever been in a dream where you're trying to run? The harder you try to run the slower you go? For years it was like that, until I couldn't run any more," Sandman says.
"Then all they did was reach out and touch me. They took me back to a dirt road when I was about 8 years old. I was hunting with my brother. We had shot this little bird, this little chickadee. I felt so bad for it. I said, I wish I had the power to heal you, to make you better. And when I said that, this wind came up out of the woods," he says.
Indians believe the Creator communicates through the spirits of those who have died. The spirit may be a grandparent, or someone who lived hundreds of years ago.
Skip Sandman says the spirits educated him through a series of dreams. Every night he would be taken places. The spirits showed him plants and told how to use them. Sandman says people began knocking on his door and asking for healing. He knew he had to accept the calling.
A couple of years ago, Sandman was asked to bring his practice to the tribal clinic on the Mille Lacs Reservation.
When someone comes to Sandman for healing, he doesn't look to medical records. He prays for help from the Creator and the helper spirits who do the Creator's bidding. He says the spirits speak to him directly or through visions.
"Each individual is different. Sometimes those things will be soft as butterflies. Sometimes it'll be like lightning cracking through the walls," he says. "Sometimes they'll show me who's coming, what's wrong with them. But when I start doing my ceremony in the next room here, they show me. They'll show me things about people's past, some of the pain and suffering, the good things they've done in their lives, and sometimes they even show me what the future might be."
Skip Sandman says the spirits will show him or tell him what blend of herbs to prescribe. He says people are healed of physical and mental illness.
Larger view
Image Healed by the spirits
There are no studies documenting the effectiveness of traditional Indian medicine. Medical staff at Mille Lacs are hoping to do a scientific study. They want to understand the work done by traditional healers.
Dr. Fred Ness has 20 years of experience in Indian health. He's a doctor at the Mille Lacs clinic. Ness describes himself as a white guy from Missouri, and while he can't offer scientific proof, Ness says he has no doubt traditional healing works.
"I'm convinced of the power of some of these things, and the beauty of them, too. But it's hard to document the efficacy of them," says Ness. "I don't understand that. I can only try to fit it into something that fits my models of understanding."
Ness believes medical doctors have much to learn from Indian healers. He says western medicine has largely excluded faith and prayer. Dr. Ness says his experience with American Indian healers changed his perceptions about the role of spirituality in medicine.
"We carry on this rational debate about whether it exists, and that's not where it's at at all -- in the rational. That's not rational stuff. That's otherworldly stuff, from dreamtime. We don't have dreamtime anymore in our culture," says Ness.
American Indians believe dreamtime is when the Creator or helper spirits speak and share wisdom with humans. It can occur anytime, day or night.
Many people will see a western doctor before they try traditional healing. Some depend on Anishinaabe medicine alone. Wanda Baxter is one example. Baxter, an elder on the Red Lake Reservation, says a native healer saved her life.
"I had cancer some years ago, but I didn't see the white doctors. I went to the elders. I went to Midewiwin," says Baxter. "I was given medicine to drink. For three and a half years I took that. And I was scared, because I was losing my hair," Baxter says. "Now I'm OK. I don


Why Your Dog Always Sticks Its Head Out of the Car Window
Be careful when your dog starts itching to poke its head out of the car window.
Lucky Business/Shutterstock
Ever wonder why your dog always gravitates toward the car window when you roll it down? Science provides the answer.
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Because dogs have a greater sense of smell than humans, when they stick their head out the window they're exposed to an intense smelling experience. The air getting forced into their nose might intensify the odors, making it extra exciting for the dog.
What's more is dogs can recognize locations based on the smells, which might also help explain their desire to stick their head out of the window.
But you need to be careful when your dog wants to stick its head out the window. They're prone to get hit by debris, especially little pebbles or bugs flying by. Plus, a dog's ears can get damaged by the wind. It's recommended that you roll the window down just a bit and keep them restrained. Be sure to check out these 16 tips on taking your dog with you on a trip.
You can always pamper your favorite furry friend with these 14 adorable pet beds or one of these incredible dog houses.


text:
There was quite a bit of talk about ventriloquism on an episode of QI I watched recently, mainly because one of the guests was a ventriloquist. The word ventriloquism comes for the Latin words venter (stomach, belly, womb) and loquī (to speak) so it means "to speak from the stomach". It was known as εγγαστριμυθία (gastromancy) in Greek, which means the same thing.
In other languages the word for ventriloquist is either from the Latin, e.g. ventriloquia (Spanish), ventriloque (French), ventriloquo (Italian), or a calque of the word: Bauchredner (German – 'belly speaker'), Brzuchomówstwo (Polish – 'belly speaker), 腹語術 (Chinese – 'belly language art/skill'). In Welsh though, the word is tafleisydd, from tafle (to throw), llais (voice) and -ydd (suffix for a person or tool), so it means 'voice thrower'.
Ventriloquism apparently started a religious practice. Ventriloquists were thought to be able to speak to the dead and predict the future, and the voices that seemed to come from the stomachs were thought to be those of the dead. By the 19th century ventriloquism became a form of entertainment and people started using dummies, at least in the West. In other parts of the world, such as among the Zulu, Inuit and Maori, ventriloquism is used for religious and ritual purposes.
Ventriloquism involves talking without moving your lips to make it appear that the words are coming from elsewhere. It is also known as throwing your voice, though no throwing is involved. To make bilabial sounds such as /m/ and /b/ without lip movement the trick is apparently to substitute similar sounds – /n/ and /g/. If you say them fast your listeners' brains will hopefully hear the letters you want them to – we tend to hear what we expect to hear anyway. Then again, you could just use other words without the troublesome letters. More details.
Have you tried ventriloquism?
I can sort of do it, though would need more practice to do it convincingly.
What I wonder is whether it is easier to ventriloquise in some languages or accents than in others, and whether there are many bilingual/polyglot ventriloquists who speak one language themselves and have their dummy or dummies speaking others. That might be a fun way to practise languages and interpretation skills.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
On Sunday, Oct. 28, two one-of-a-kind, hand crafted crosses will be auctioned during the Annual Fall Festival at Our Lady Refuge Catholic Church. Last year, two other items made from the anaqua were the most popular items at the festival.
Festival organizers Kate Campbell and Betty Bauer said the items make it possible to "own a little piece of Texas history." The supply of the anaqua wood remains limited.
For more than 175 years since Houston languished in its shadow, the anaqua tree spread its massive branches behind Our Lady of Refuge Church, a historic gem for the town as well as the church members.
After years of trying to keep the tree healthy, the tree died in March, 2011. The heartbreaking decision to cut the tree down was made for safety reasons. Until 1976, the tree was considered the largest of its species on record in the United States, according to the book, "Famous Trees of Texas."
To preserve its place in history, parishioners gathered wood from the healthy trunk and larger limbs.
Former Refugio resident Sam Campbell crafted the crosses from the anaqua for the church's annual fundraiser.
The book of famous trees provides its history. The tree was removed in this years edition of the book.
Following their defeat, Mexican General Martin Prefecto de Cos and his troops withdrew from San Antonio early in December 1835. Previously, a wealthy, educated Scotsman, Dr. James Grant's large estate was confiscated by the Mexican government. Bitter feelings prevailed and he wanted to recoup his property.
Grant persuaded approximately 200 Texans and Francis W. Johnson, their commander, to attack the rich settlement of Matamoros. The Council of the Provisional Government were at odds with Gov. Henry Smith and Sam Houston so he approved the mission. The council appointed Gen. James W Fannin as their agent, commandeering Gen. Houston's legal authority and dividing command of the expedition.
When Houston heard of the removal of his troops and most of the supplies from Bexar (San Antonio), the general went to Goliad to challenge the expedition. Houston was only able to persuade approximately 30 men to return to Bexar.
Houston believed the attack was doomed to failure. So, again, on Jan. 17, 1836, Houston came to Refugio to stop the illegally authorized expedition.
Under the Mission Anaqua on the north bank of the Mission River, Houston spoke to Grant's men who were camped along the river. Explaining the futility of the expedition, Houston pleaded with the men to wait for reinforcements from Alabama and Georgia.
While some agreed to wait, 60 men left for San Patricio, taking the three brass cannons, while Johnson and Grant awaited Fannin's arrival.
On Feb. 1, 1836, Fannin arrived in Refugio from Copano, a port settlement between Refugio and Bayside which was later abandoned after several devastating hurricanes.
Instead of joining Johnson and Grant, Fannin left to reinforce Goliad and sent troops to San Patricio to retrieve the cannons.
Johnson and Grant needed horses so the two leaders divided the forces in order to obtain more at area ranches.
During the time they were divided, General Jose Urrea's troops overwhelmed 35 men in Johnson's party in San Patricio. Twenty were taken prisoner, six escaped and several of the Texans were killed.
Grant and all but six of his men were killed during an ambush in Agua Dulce.
Houston's wisdom shared with freedom fighters under the shade of the great Mission Anaqua was largely ignored but the great leader lived to change the course of Texas history.


text:
What is the molar absorptivity of crystal violet?
When dissolved in water, the dye has a blue-violet colour with an absorbance maximum at 590 nm and an extinction coefficient of 87,000 M−1 cm−1. The colour of the dye depends on the acidity of the solution.
Is Crystal Violet dangerous?
Environmental The product contains a substance which may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Hazard statements H350 May cause cancer. H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
How does crystal violet inhibit growth?
Crystal violet has an antibacterial action against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis. The effect of the dye, measured as minimum inhibitory concentration or retardation of growth, increases as the pH rises from 6 to 8. Gram‐negative organisms, such as E.
Is Crystal Violet acidic or basic?
If the color portion of the dye resides in the positive ion, as in the above case, it is called a basic dye (examples: methylene blue, crystal violet, safranin). If the color portion is in the negatively charged ion, it is called an acidic dye (examples: nigrosin, congo red).
Is safranin basic or acidic?
Safranin is a basic biological dye commonly used as a counter-stain in some of the staining protocols like gram staining.
How does crystal violet assay work?
It relies on the detachment of adherent cells from cell culture plates during cell death. During the assay, dead detached cells are washed away. The remaining attached live cells are stained with Crystal violet. After a wash step, the Crystal violet dye is solubilized and measured by absorbance at 595 nm.
What are examples of acidic dyes?
Acid dyes stain acidophilic structures (e.g. cytoplasm, basic tissue proteins). Examples of acid dyes are Indian ink, congo red, nigrosoine.
What is the most commonly used dye?
Reactive dyes are the most permanent of all dye types and are the most common type of dye used on cotton and other cellulose fibers.
What is acidic and basic dye?
Acidic Dyes: It is dye which has negative charge so they bind to positively charged cell structures like some proteins. Basic Dyes: This dye have positive charge & bind to negatively charged molecules(nucleic acid, -COOH -OH).
Is India ink acidic or basic?
India Ink or Nigrosin is an acidic stain. This means that the stain readily gives up a hydrogen ion (proton) and the chromophore of the dye becomes negatively charged. Since the surface of most bacterial cells is negatively charged, the cell surface repels the stain.
How do you use Indian ink?
3:55Suggested clip · 114 secondsHow To Use India Ink – YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clip
Why is it called India Ink?
India ink was first invented in China, but the English term India(n) ink was coined due to their later trade with India. In India, the carbon black from which India ink is formulated was obtained indigenously by burning bones, tar, pitch, and other substances.
Is India ink permanent?
Probably the most renowned ink, Indian ink is a permanent, opaque black.
Is India ink safe?
Use India Ink Ink, like the ink from your pen, is not sterile and can be highly toxic. A non-toxic ink, like India ink, would be your best bet. It's natural, carbon-based, and less likely to cause infection. India ink is super cheap, and you can buy tons of it at your local art supply store.
Is India ink washable?
Washable Fabrics Pretreat the stain with heavy-duty liquid detergent. Rinse. Soak fabric in dilute solution of all-fabric powdered bleach. If stain persists and garment is white or colorfast, soak entire garment in diluted solution of liquid chlorine bleach and water.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


HTML5 Canvas to PNG File
I am trying to convert an HTML5 canvas to an image. This is what I got so far:
var tmp_canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
var dataURL = tmp_canvas.toDataURL("image/png");
$('_TAG_').append($('', { src : dataURL }).addClass('image'));
but the problem is that I get this code:
I want a normal image path that the user can download!
Any help?
Info: IE10+ doesn't support below method at all. Other people already did the work and implemented cross browser solutions. This is one of them.
First, add the generated data URL to the href attribute of an tag. However on some browsers, this alone will not trigger a download. Instead it will open the linked image in a new page.
Download dialog for a base64 image:
Based on above example, convert the MIME type of the data URL to this:
Download
By telling the browser that the data are application/octet-stream, it will ask you to save it on your hard-disk.
Specifying a filename:
As Adi said in the comments below, there is no standard way to define a filename using this method. But, there are two approaches which might work in some browsers.
A) The download attribute introduced by Google Crome
B) Defining HTTP headers within the data URL
headers=Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=image.png
This worked at least in some older versions of Opera. Here is some discussion about this.
Looking into the Bug/Feature-Tracking systems of the major browsers shows that defining a filename is quite a big wish of the community. Maybe we will see a cross-browser compatible solution in near future! ;)
Save RAM and CPU ressources:
If you don't want to bloat the RAM of your visitor's browser, you can also generate the data URL dynamically:
Download Canvas
function dlCanvas() {
 var dt = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
 this.href = dt;
dl.addEventListener('click', dlCanvas, false);
This way, your canvas may still be shown as an image file by your browser. If you want to increase the probability to open a download dialog, you should extend the function above, so that it does the replacement as shown above:
function dlCanvas() {
 var dt = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
 this.href = dt.replace(/^data:image\/[^;]/, 'data:application/octet-stream');
dl.addEventListener('click', dlCanvas, false);
Last, add the HTTP header to make extra sure that most browsers offer a valid filename to you! ;)
var canvas = document.getElementById("cnv");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
function r(ctx, x, y, w, h, c) {
 ctx.rect(x, y, w, h);
 ctx.strokeStyle = c;
r(ctx, 0, 0, 32, 32, "black");
r(ctx, 4, 4, 16, 16, "red");
r(ctx, 8, 8, 16, 16, "green");
r(ctx, 12, 12, 16, 16, "blue");
/* Only convert the canvas to Data URL when the user clicks.
 This saves RAM and CPU ressources in case this feature is not required. */
function dlCanvas() {
 var dt = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
 /* Change MIME type to trick the browser to downlaod the file instead of displaying it */
 dt = dt.replace(/^data:image\/[^;]*/, 'data:application/octet-stream');
 /* In addition to 's "download" attribute, you can define HTTP-style headers */
 dt = dt.replace(/^data:application\/octet-stream/, 'data:application/octet-stream;headers=Content-Disposition%3A%20attachment%3B%20filename=Canvas.png');
 this.href = dt;
document.getElementById("dl").addEventListener('click', dlCanvas, false);
Download Canvas
You can use the reimg library to convert the canvas to an image object, and even trigger the download for the user.
After you insert the library in your page, just use this : ReImg.fromCanvas(yourCanvasElement).downloadPng()
You have 2 options (both work on almost all browsers):
1- POST the data to the server:
On the server you'd have a script that will handle the data and then tell the browser to prompt the user for download.
header("Content-Description: File Transfer");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=something.png");
echo base64_decode($_POST['imageData']);
2- Prompt the user for download using Downloadify
Downloadify.create( 'clickMe', {
 data: base64String,
 dataType: 'base64',
 filename:'something.png'
You might also consider using Concrete.js, which is a light weight HTML5 Canvas framework that enables peripheral things like this, including downloads. You would just do this:{
 fileName:'my-file.png'
and you're done.
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text:
Self contained ignition angle, time, and speed measurement module with CAN-Bus output
The imc CANSAS-IGN ignition timing measurement module is a compact measurement unit which provides universally compatible CAN-Bus outputs of RPM and per-cylinder ignition timing for any spark-ignited engine up to 12 cylinders.
- CAN-Bus output of all processed signals
- High speed transient signal capture in "Snapshot mode" with transfer of buffered signals via CAN-Bus
- Cylinder recognition determines which piston(s) fire based on a camshaft position sensor
- High sampling rate and high resolution for even the highest RPM engines
To learn more, click on the tabs below...
Particularly now in the age of hybrid vehicles, efficient and environmentally friendly combustion engines are assuming a central role in the development program of every leading automotive manufacturer. So it's no wonder that many car companies and their suppliers and service providers are again intensively developing the science of internal combustion engines.
To date, measurements of ignition angle required elaborate combustion analysis equipment. These dedicated analyzers, while quite capable in their own right, generally lack methods for easily integrating into existing test systems.
The compact and economical imc CANSAS-IGN overcomes these hurdles:
...with high speed:
imc CANSAS-IGN captures a signal's crossing through defined thresholds at a resolution of a fraction of microseconds. From this, the ignition angle can be calculated with a high precision of 0.1 degree of the crankshaft, up to 20,000 RPM. The module has a sampling rate of 3 MS/s.
...with ease of integration:
From test stands to mobile applications—imc CANSAS-IGN is simple to integrate into virtually any existing test environments due to its configurable CAN-Bus outputs.
...with its adaptability:
Results can be recorded by any CAN data acquisition system, and combined and compared with other measurement data.
Four isolated inputs are provided for connecting the ignition signal (SPARK), crankshaft rotation pulse (ANGLE), absolute angle reference signal (REF), and the camshaft position signal (CAM). With 3 MSamples/second inputs, the imc CANSAS-IGN module processes all signals with software selectable settings and outputs RPM and timing angle for each cylinder via configurable CAN-Bus outputs.
To aid in setup and diagnostic work, the imc CANSAS-IGN module also includes a high speed transient "snapshot" mode to capture the high speed signal envelope, buffer and transfer it to the data logger via the CAN-Bus interface.
And thanks to the built-in display, the imc CANSAS-IGN module can also be used as a high-speed assistant for investigating the ignition angle, even when data logging isn't required.
Based on a high speed measurement of the ignition signal, crankshaft rotation pulse, and optional absolute angle reference signal, and camshaft position signal, ignition angle and engine RPM can be simultaneously computed and transferred via CAN-Bus or as voltage signal.
All input signals are isolated and fully conditioned (low-pass, AC coupled, including individually selectable signal level and hysteresis.
Supports a variety of ignition signal detection methods, including ignition clamp, both primary and secondary coil taps, and logic level signals.
Several available measurement points may be used for engine speed, sincluding the engine's own inductive pickup sensors, external Hall effect sensor or encoder, as well as logic level signals.
The "zero" or "index" pulse input for use when the relative TDC position is indicated by a separate logic-level signal.
An optional logic-level signal for use in determining which cylinder is firing for each ignition pulse. Up to 4 cylinders may be specifically selected for individual evaluation.
Thus, the results of the high speed ignition angle measurement and engine RPM can be easily recorded via any CAN-Bus equipped data logger, such as the imc BUSDAQ or more full featured
Using the included imc CANSAS software and any compatible PC-to-CAN interface, the imc CANSAS-IGN may be user configured for a wide range of input signal combinations. This includes angle determination from a missing tooth (if appropriate), conditioning of the threshold, edge and hysteresis, and filter properties necessary for a variety of ignition and crankshaft/camshaft signal electrical standards. With a sampling rate of 3 MS/s, imc CANSAS-IGN may be used with even high RPM engines.
Cylinder Specific Measurements
With help of the camshaft position signal, the ignition signal common to all cylinders may be used for cylinder specific firing angle determination. For up to 4 cylinders (user selectable which cylinders on engines of greater than 4 cylinders), imc CANSAS-IGN will transmit a running min, max, and average ignition angle.
Configuration Stored Onboard
Since the imc CANSAS-IGN stores its configuration in internal flash memory, you have the added advantages of being able to use the module for diagnostic work without a PC, as well as pre-configuring the module for use by colleagues.
Although normal operation would process the high sample rate down to a rate manageable for a long duration measurement, the Snapshot Mode allows the imc CANSAS-IGN to provide a view of the original high speed input signals, but without the need for extra high speed equipment. In this mode, the module takes a snapshot of the input signal at a high data rate, buffers it and transfers via the CAN-Bus at a slower rate for vieweing in your CAN-Bus data logger.
With the Snapshot Mode you...
- Obtain precise signal information
- Can check the signal level to configure the thresholds
- Can check the signal level to configure high pass and low pass filter
This snapshot eliminates the need for extra high speed equipment (e.g. an oscilloscope) when selecting appropriate signal levels for detecting signal edges. But it also enables the user to investigate the effects of pre-processing techniques such as smoothing filters, AC coupling, etc.
Productive testing is essential for the success of our customers—hence, our driving force. Since 1988 we have been committed to support industrial innovations with optimal measurement solutions. We are manufacturing our productive test and measurement systems at our headquarters in Berlin, Germany, operating worldwide in Europe, the US and Asia.
imc Test & Measurement is part of Axiometrix Solutions, a leading test solutions provider comprised of globally recognized measurement brands.
imc Test & Measurement GmbH
13355 Berlin (Germany)
Headquarters | _EMAIL_
France | _EMAIL_
USA | _EMAIL_
China | _EMAIL_
Spain | _EMAIL_
South Korea | _EMAIL_
Switzerland | _EMAIL_
Netherlands | _EMAIL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
"Using sumptuous illustrations and clear, matter-of-fact descriptions, Dr. Gray unleashed a classic on the world more than 100 years ago," noted a review of one of the most recognized medical books of all time: "Gray's Anatomy." Henry Gray published the first edition of the book as, "A Systemic Treatise on Anatomy," on this date in 1858. The respected British lecturer on anatomy spent much of his career writing anatomical essays on various parts of the body. The book was a culmination of all his previous works. Unfortunately, Gray's career was cut short by smallpox. He contracted the disease shortly after being appointed assistant surgeon at St. George's Hospital in London and died in 1861 at the age of 34. The book's title was changed in 1887 to "Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical." Gray's Anatomy has been known as "Anatomy of the Human Body" since 1943 and is still popular even after 38 editions.
Copyright InteliHealth, Inc., 2011. All rights reserved.


Nick Name
Exemplar of Physical Power
Civilian ID
Cain Marko
Legal Status
Citizen of the United States with a criminal record.
Nation or Planet of Origin
Berkeley, California
Group Affiliation
Brotherhood of Mutants
Excalibur I
Exiles II
Partner of Black Tom
Base of Operations
6' 10"
900 lbs.
Eye Color
Hair Color
Known Powers
Mystical enhancement derived from the Crimson Bands of Cyttorak contained within the Ruby of Cyttorak; granting superhuman strength, endurance, durability and possibly immortality. Able to live without nutrition, water or air for indefinite periods of time.
Limited abilities to control mystic forces by utilizing knowledge obtained while trapped within the Crimson Dimension.
Note: The Ruby of Cyttorak contains the ancient god of destruction Cyttorak, one of eight ancient gods known as the Exemplars. Through Cain Marko's force of will, he was able to resist the transformation into Cyttorak, although he was able to harness the god's power.
The only known way to stop Juggernaut is via mental attacks, which he is shielded from by his helmet.
Mystical Armor: Psionically shielded armor that appeared when the transformation into the Juggernaut occurred.
Ruby of Cyttorak Ancient gem containing the essence of the ancient god of destruction, known as Cyttorak.
Common Enemies
Professor X
Spider-Man I
Regularly Appearing
Uncanny X-Men
X-Men Vol. 2
First Appearance
X-Men Vol. 1 #12 (July, 1965)
Stan Lee & Jack Kirby
Cain Marko, the step-brother of Charles Xavier (Professor X), grew to hate his sibling, born of a frustration from his father's abuse for him and his apparent love of Xavier. Xavier became aware of his mutant powers of telepathy, from an empathic link with his sibling, experienced during his many beatings at the hands of his father.
After the two were orphaned Xavier journeyed the world in search of adventure and other mutants, while Marko became a mercenary and became imprisoned in a third-world prison, where he met Black Tom Cassidy.
Returning to the United States, Marko enlisted in the Army and was shipped to war in South-East Asia, where the two brothers would be reunited. Marko abandoned his post during combat and Xavier went to retrieve him. When Xavier tracked him, Marko was hiding in the secret temple of Cyttorak. Finding a mysterious glowing ruby gem, Marko instinctively stole it from the idol and began to transform.
At the moment of his transformation, enemy soldiers discovered the two soldiers and the temple was destroyed in an explosion. Xavier escaped, but Marko was buried under tons of rubble. In time he would dig his way free to menace his brother and the world as an unstoppable Juggernaut.


Strategies for finding the right email frequency
Stefan Pollard at Email Labs has written a good article that looks at the factors that dictate how often you should send marketing emails.
Clearly, finding the right frequency for emails is vital - emailing customers too often can put them off, while not emailing often enough can cause the same problems.
Stefan outlines three strategies for determining the correct frequency:
1. Understand who controls frequency
Stefan points out that customers are becoming savvier when managing inboxes, and many will delete, unsubscribe from, or report as spam any emails they may find annoying.
In addition, customers will often consider annoying emails as spam, even if they have a relationship with that company. In a DoubleClick survey, 49% of respondents classified spam as '"email from a company I have done business with but that comes too frequently''.
This means that customers are the ones who should be determining the frequency of emails they receive.
2. Listen to customer feedback
Take note of what people are saying when they unsubscribe. They may be telling you they are receiving too many emails, or that the ones they receive are irrelevant to them.
Give customers a chance to tell you how many emails, and what kind of emails they are happy to receive, either when they opt-in in the first place, or through the emails you are sending them. The more relevant the messages you send, the more frequently you can send them.
3. Respect your subscribers' choices
You should stick to your promises about email frequency, even if you have a deal you know your customers will love. While many will forgive one or two extra emails, it could be the tipping point for others.
Stefan recommends:
"Instead of sneaking in another mailing, refine your list description that specifies a general number but allows you to reserve the right to send relevant messages between regular scheduled mailings.
"Specify a range of mailings in a given time rather than a specific number, but be as realistic in your expectations as you can."
The article also warns against not sending emails often enough, as customers may forget they subscribed after a while and treat your email as spam. He recommends that customers should be emailed at least monthly.
Further reading:
How often should you email your customers?
Topics: Email & eCRM
Add your own
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text:
The Ash Meadows pupfish, which may soon form a hybrid species
with its cousin, the Devils Hole pupfish.
The Devils Hole pupfish is an endangered species whose only natural habitat is Devils Hole, a hot spring at the bottom of a hole 500-feet deep which leads to limestone caverns. The fish is suited to its niche environment, requiring extremely hot water, low oxygen levels, and a particular limestone ledge to spawn on. If University of Colorado conservation biologists have their way, it could be the subject of a conservation experiment, writes Hillary Rosner at Wired: in order to salvage some of dying species' genes, they want to mate it with another species, creating a vigorous hybrid that could supplant the original species.
Conservationists have been trying to save the Devils Hole pupfish ever since it became endangered in 1967. Beginning in the 70s, they have made three outdoor artificial pools to house a captive population, but through technical mishaps, two of the three populations were wiped out. In the third pool, however, researchers noticed after a few years that some of the fish had fins—characteristics of other pupfish species but not of the Devils Hole pupfish—and suspected that fish of another species must have invaded. A genetic analysis of the fish from their artificial pool revealed that all of the fish had genetic material from the Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish, which is also endangered, that lived downstream in a natural population. The resulting, finned fish were hybrids, and fertile ones, at that. When researchers transplanted members of the hybrid population to hatcheries, they flourished in captivity, unlike the Devils Hole pupfish, which are notoriously difficult to raise in tanks.
Now conservation biologists want to try to reproduce the accident in order to save the pupfish in its natural habitat, introducing some Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish to the wild population in Devils Hole in hopes that the added genetic material would lead to a population boost. Using hybridization to preserve the genetic heritage of endangered species is a counterintuitive, though not a completely new idea. Two prior examples involved breeding animals more closely related than these pupfish: in Florida, scientists have mated two kinds of big cat (puma and panther); in Africa, they plan to mate two varieties of white rhino, Northern and Southern.
Not everyone agrees that this is a good idea. According to Wired, some biologists, including E.O. Wilson, argue for keeping wild animals the way they are. But with only 75 Devils Hole pupfish in the spring as of this September, the fear is that they can't survive in any form without hybridizing.
Fish image courtesy of Bill Debevc/Flickr


text:
Tank Level Monitoring
PIUSI Digital Tank Level Monitoring System
Product Number : Piusi/Level IndicatorDescription
PIUSI Ocio Digital Tank Level Monitoring System Detects the static pressure generated by the fluid height by means of a tube inserted into the tank and displays the fluid level or volume. Determines the level of the liquid in a tank by detecting the pressure applied by the liquid, which depends on the liquid's level and also on its density.
- A tube for detecting static pressure: The tube end is inserted from the top of the tank and lowered down into the liquid until it touches the bottom.
- A control unit for displaying the level and managing the system.


text:
Scientists have developed a new sensor for biomedical imaging which could have implications for a range of illnesses.
Researchers at Cardiff University's School of Chemistry have developed a new luminescent sensor which detects the presence of zinc in the body.
Patients suffering from cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease frequently exhibit imbalances of zinc, which is essential for growth and development, and the new sensor could enable doctors to better understand tissue and organ function.
The sensor uses a chemical called europium which changes colour whenever zinc is present.
Researcher Dr Simon Pope said that the work represented a "proof-in-principle" in the design of sensors for biomedical imaging.
"Our approach is to design molecules that are non-toxic to the body and that can be applied to scanning techniques such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and luminescence imaging," Dr Pope explained.
"Our next goal is to improve the properties of the sensor to potentially allow a greater imaging depth within tissue," he added.
The average NHS waiting time for a non-emergency MRI scan is over seven weeks; however, a number of private diagnostic imaging companies offer MRI scans, as well as other services such as CT scans and general X-rays, for patients who prefer not to wait.© Adfero Ltd
Diagnostic imaging News : 25/07/2006


text:
System calibration is a process by which Vicon Nexus calibrates the system based on specialized calibration objects (whose dimensions and relative marker positions are known). It consists of several procedures:
- Camera calibration The camera calibration process calculates the physical position and orientation of each Vicon camera in the capture volume based on the movement of the calibration object. Nexus uses this information to determine each camera's physical position and orientation in the capture volume, to correct for any lens distortion, and to set internal camera parameters.
- Set volume origin During this process, Nexus measures the position of the calibration object and uses this information to identify the origin of the world (center of the capture volume) and its horizontal and vertical axes. These volume origin and axes are referred to as the global coordinate system. The global origin coordinates are always (0,0,0). The global axes coordinates are given in the form (x, y, z), where x is a horizontal axis, y is the horizontal axis perpendicular to x, and z is the vertical axis. If the floor of your volume is uneven, you can also use the Set Floor Plane option as part of this process.
For basic step-by-step instructions on how to complete these procedures, see Calibrate a Vicon system in the Vicon Nexus User Guide.
To enable you to perform these procedures, the System Preparation Tools pane contains the following sections (to show additional options, click Show Advanced in the relevant section).
Video Calibration Setup section
Enables you to activate video calibration mode by clicking the Activate button. Note that if you haven't saved the current configuration, you will be prompted to do so before you can proceed.
You automatically activate calibration mode when you click Start in the Mask Cameras section, the Aim Cameras section or the Calibrate Cameras section.
To exit calibration mode, click the Deactivate button in the Video Calibration Setup section.
Mask Cameras section
Enables you to automatically create cameras masks to obscure all reflections visible to the Vicon cameras. By enabling the Advanced properties, you can choose to mask all cameras or just selected cameras.
For more information on how to mask cameras, see Mask unwanted reflections in the Vicon Nexus User Guide.
Aim Cameras section
Enables you to check the positioning of Vicon cameras around the capture volume with real-time feedback. You normally perform this step before you begin calibration check.
For more information on how to aim cameras, see Aim Vicon cameras in the the Vicon Nexus User Guide.
Calibrate Cameras section
Enables you to calibrate the Vicon cameras to determine their positions, orientations, and lens properties, which enables Nexus to produce accurate 3D and 2D (video) data from motion data captured throughout the capture volume. The Advanced properties contain the following options:
- Wand The calibration object to be used during the dynamic stage of the camera calibration process.
Default: Active Wand v2 (both optical cameras and digital video cameras are calibrated with an Active Wand)
- Calibration Type Specify whether to use a Full Calibration or a quicker Calibration Refinement. (If you have not already calibrated or aimed all cameras, you cannot perform a calibration with the Calibration Refinement option.) For more information on calibration options, see Understand camera calibration refinement.
- Cameras to Calibrate Can be All Cameras or Selected Cameras (that is, the cameras selected in the System Resources tree). The selection is applied when the Stop button in the Calibrate Cameras section is clicked.
Default: All Cameras
- Refinement frames The minimum coverage (in number of frames) required per camera in the final phase of the refine camera calibration process.
Default: 1000. For more information, see Understand camera calibration refinement.
- Wand Ratio Tolerance (Advanced setting) Tolerance of the distance between the markers on the wand (expressed as a ratio), to enable it to be labeled in 2D.
- Wand Straightness Tolerance Tolerance in alignment of wand markers (relating to the maximum angle allowable between the markers), to enable it to be labeled in 2D.
- DV Calibration frames The minimum coverage (in number of frames) required per DV camera for the calibration to autostop (if Auto Stop is selected).
- Auto Stop Whether or not Nexus is to automatically stop the camera calibration process when sufficient data has been collected.
For more information on how to calibrate cameras (both optical and video), see Calibrate Vicon cameras in the Vicon Nexus User Guide.
Set Volume Origin section
Enables you to define the global origin and the axes of the world (in the context of the capture volume).
The Advanced options are:
- L-Frame The calibration object to be used for setting the volume origin.
Default: 5 Marker Wand & L-Frame
- Start/Set Origin and Cancel buttons Enable you to start, set the origin and cancel setting the origin.
- One Marker Enables you to set the origin to the selected marker.
- Three Markers Enables you to set the origin to the selected three markers.
- Set Floor Plane Enables you to set the position of the floor plane in Nexus by using markers in the volume to automatically define it. For more information, see Calibrate the floor plane in the Vicon Nexus User Guide.
Static Video Calibration section
If you are not using an Active Wand, you use this section to calibrate digital video cameras included in your Nexus system. This enables 3D overlay from Vicon cameras to be displayed with the 2D video from the digital video cameras.
Manage Camera Calibration section
Contains the following controls:
- Auto number cameras Ensure you have aimed the cameras (see Aim Vicon cameras) before clicking this button. Automatically numbers the currently connected Vicon cameras in ascending order, according to their position in the capture volume. Automatic numbering starts with the camera furthest from the volume origin. The cameras are then numbered in a clockwise direction around the volume. If your cameras are positioned at different levels, the cameras in the level that contains the most cameras are numbered first.
- Reset Removes all non-existing cameras, clears the calibrated position for existing cameras, and reverts all calibration parameters to their default settings. This enables you to recalibrate the system from a clean starting point.
- Load Navigate to and select a previously saved camera calibration (.xcp file) defining settings for the Vicon cameras and any supported digital video cameras in your Nexus system.
Camera Calibration Feedback section
Enables you to view system calibration processing progress and status information. This section contains the following controls:
- Progress bar This bar displays a percentage indicating the progress of the overall camera calibration process.
- Camera This column contains the device ID for each Vicon camera being calibrated.
- Wand Count For each Vicon camera, this value identifies the number of frames it has captured containing the calibration object. Initially, the entry for the number of wand frames is displayed in red; the entry turns green when Nexus has acquired enough wand data to calibrate that camera, typically 1000 frames.
By default, the calibration process stops when the camera with the lowest frame count reaches the number of frames specified in the Refinement frames parameter in the Calibrate Cameras section.
- World Error Displays the calibration error in millimeters. World error is calculated per camera from the Image Error in pixels and the distance of the camera to the center of the volume. Cameras further away, with the same image error, display a larger world error.
- Image Error This value (RMS distance in camera pixels) indicates the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction of the markers. This value represents the difference between the 2D image of each marker on the camera sensor and the 3D reconstructions of those markers projected back to the camera's sensor. Acceptable values depend on factors such as the size of the capture volume and the camera lens type.
Additional features in this section enable you to export your calibration, to identify calibration issues or to ensure that the current calibration conforms to an established standard.
Export a calibration as a CSV file
You can export the current calibration as a .csv file. This helps you to monitor your calibration standards over time.
To export a calibration as a CSV file:
- In the Camera Calibration Feedback section, right-click and then click Export.
- Enter a file name, ensure the file extension is .csv and click Save.
You can compare the current calibration results with the results from the previous calibration.
To compare the current and last calibrations:
- In the Camera Calibration Feedback section, right-click and then select Show Differences.
The World Error and Image Error columns display the differences between the two calibrations.
If the results from the latest calibration are better (ie produce smaller errors) than the previous one, the columns are displayed in green to yelllow.
If the results from the latest calibration are worse (ie produce larger errors) than the previous one, the columns are displayed in red to orange.
Set calibration error threshold
You can specify a maximum calibration error, above which cameras are flagged as having an error that is higher than the threshold that you have set.
To set a calibration error threshold:
- At the bottom of the the Camera Calibration Feedback section, set the error threshold (World or Image).
After calibration, in the Camera Calibration Feedback section, cameras with an error greater than this value are displayed with


text:
For the first time in its more-than-100-year history, Campbell Soup is making available to the American public specially cultivated seeds used to grow tomatoes for its iconic Campbell's® Tomato soup.
The effort is part of Campbell's goal to grow more than one billion tomatoes across the country and to support American agriculture.
Campbell also is teaming up with the National FFA Organization and Urban Farming Inc., each of which will use the special seeds to help create five community gardens in urban communities.
Through June 21 (or while supplies last), each household that purchases any variety Campbell's condensed soup and enters the code on the can at HelpGrowYourSoup.com can request a free packet of Campbell's tomato seeds to plant in their own backyards and windowsills. With each request, Campbell will donate the seeds being used to plant community gardens and achieve the one-billion-tomato goal.
The project is tied to a current trend of people seeking to grow their own food in their own gardens.
Introduced in 1897, Campbell's Tomato soup was the first condensed soup in the company's history and to this day remains an American favorite. It is one of the company's top-selling soups and is eaten by more than 25 million people at least once a week. In fact, pop culture artist Andy Warhol ate tomato soup for lunch for more than 20 years, inspiring him to create his famous Campbell's Tomato soup painting.
The tomato seeds themselves also have a rich heritage. Campbell began growing tomatoes from its own seeds on New Jersey farms during in the 1930s. Those "Jersey" tomatoes were renowned for their rich taste and texture, so much so, that when truckloads were delivered to the Campbell facility in Camden, city residents followed and picked up fallen tomatoes from the streets.


Creating and using clustered tables
This document describes how to create and use clustered tables in BigQuery. For an overview of clustered table support in BigQuery, see Introduction to clustered tables.
Limitations
Clustered tables in BigQuery are subject to the following limitations:
 - Clustering is supported only for partitioned tables.
 - Only standard SQL is supported for querying clustered tables and for writing query results to clustered tables.
 - You can only specify clustering columns when a table is created.
 - After a clustered table is created, you cannot modify the clustering columns.
 - Clustering columns must be top-level, non-repeated columns of one of the following types:
 - DATE
 - BOOL
 - GEOGRAPHY
 - INT64
 - NUMERIC
 - STRING
 - TIMESTAMP For more information about data types, see Standard SQL data types.
 - You can specify up to four clustering columns.
Creating clustered tables
Currently, you can only cluster a partitioned table. This includes both ingestion-time partitioned tables and tables partitioned by a TIMESTAMP or DATE column.
You can create a clustered table in BigQuery:
Table naming
When you create a table in BigQuery, the table name must be unique per dataset. The table name can:
 - Contain up to 1,024 characters
 - Contain letters (upper or lower case), numbers, and underscores
Required permissions
At a minimum, to create a table, you must be granted the following permissions:
 - bigquery.tables.create permissions to create the table
 - bigquery.tables.updateData to write data to the table by using a load job, a query job, or a copy job
 - bigquery.jobs.create to run a query job, load job, or copy job that writes data to the table
Additional permissions such as bigquery.tables.getData may be required to access the data you're writing to the table.
The following predefined Cloud IAM roles include both bigquery.tables.create and bigquery.tables.updateData permissions:
 - bigquery.dataEditor
 - bigquery.dataOwner
 - bigquery.admin
The following predefined Cloud IAM roles include bigquery.jobs.create permissions:
 - bigquery.user
 - bigquery.jobUser
 - bigquery.admin
In addition, if a user has bigquery.datasets.create permissions, when that user creates a dataset, they are granted bigquery.dataOwner access to it. bigquery.dataOwner access gives the user the ability to create and update tables in the dataset.
For more information on Cloud IAM roles and permissions in BigQuery, see Predefined roles and permissions.
Creating an empty clustered table with a schema definition
You specify clustering columns when you create a table in BigQuery. After the table is created, you cannot modify the clustering columns. You can only specify clustering columns for a partitioned table.
Clustering columns must be top-level, non-repeated columns, and they must be one of the following simple data types: + DATE + BOOLEAN + GEOGRAPHY + INTEGER + NUMERIC + STRING + TIMESTAMP
You can specify up to four clustering columns. When you specify multiple columns, the order of the columns determines how the data is sorted. For example, if the table is clustered by columns a, b and c, the data is sorted in the same order—first by column a, then by column b, and then by column c. As a best practice, place the most frequently filtered or aggregated column first.
The order of your clustering columns also affects query performance and pricing. For more information about query best practices for clustered tables, see Querying clustered tables.
To create an empty clustered table with a schema definition:
Console
 1. In the Google Cloud Console, go to the BigQuery web UI.
 Go to the BigQuery web UI
 2. In the navigation panel, in the Resources section, expand your project and select a dataset.
 3. On the right side of the window, in the details panel, click Create table.
 Create table button.
 4. On the Create table page, under Source, for Create table from, select Empty table.
 Create table from option.
 5. Under Destination:
 - For Dataset name, choose the appropriate dataset, and in the Table name field, enter the name of the table you're creating.
 - Verify that Table type is set to Native table.
 6. Under Schema, enter the schema definition.
 - Enter schema information manually by:
 - Enabling Edit as text and entering the table schema as a JSON array.
 - Using Add field to manually input the schema.
 7. Under Partition and cluster settings, select Partition by field and choose the DATE or TIMESTAMP column. This option is not available if the schema does not contain a DATE or TIMESTAMP column.
 To create an ingestion-time partitioned table, select Partition by ingestion time.
 8. (Optional) For Partitioning filter, click the Require partition filter check box to require users to include a WHERE clause that specifies the partitions to query. Requiring a partition filter can reduce cost and improve performance. For more information, see Querying partitioned tables.
 9. (Optional) For Clustering order, enter between one and four comma-separated column names.
 10. (Optional) Click Advanced options and for Encryption, click Customer-managed key to use a Cloud Key Management Service key. If you leave the Google-managed key setting, BigQuery encrypts the data at rest.
 11. Click Create table.
Classic UI
 1. Go to the classic BigQuery web UI.
 Go to the classic BigQuery web UI
 2. In the navigation pane, click the down arrow icon Down arrow icon. next to your dataset name and click Create new table.
 3. On the Create Table page, in the Source Data section, click Create empty table.
 4. On the Create Table page, in the Destination Table section:
 - For Table name, choose the appropriate dataset, and in the table name field, enter the name of the table you're creating.
 - Verify that Table type is set to Native table.
 5. In the Schema section, manually enter the schema definition.
 - You can enter schema information manually by:
 - Clicking Edit as text and entering the table schema as a JSON array.
 - Using Add Field to input the schema.
 6. Under Options:
 - For Partitioning Type, click None and choose Day.
 - For Partitioning Field, choose one of the following:
 - Choose timestamp to create a table partitioned by a DATE or TIMESTAMP column.
 - Choose _PARTITIONTIME to create an ingestion-time partitioned table.
 - For Clustering Fields, enter between one and four field names.
 - For Destination Encryption, leave the Default option. This property is for customer-managed encryption keys. By default, BigQuery encrypts customer content stored at rest.
 Partitioned table details.
 7. Click Create Table.
After the table is created, you can update the clustered table's table expiration, description, and labels. You cannot add a partition expiration after a table is created using the BigQuery web UI.
CLI
Use the mk command with the following flags:
 - --table (or the -t shortcut).
 - --schema. You can supply the table's schema definition inline or use a JSON schema file.
 - Either --time_partitioning_type (for ingestion-time partitioned tables) or --time_partitioning_field (for partitioned tables). Currently, DAY is the only supported value for --time_partitioning_type.
 - --clustering_fields. You can specify up to four clustering columns.
Optional parameters include --expiration, --description, --time_partitioning_expiration, --destination_kms_key, and --label.
If you are creating a table in a project other than your default project, add the project ID to the dataset in the following format: project_id:dataset.
--destination_kms_key is not demonstrated here. For information about using --destination_kms_key, see customer-managed encryption keys.
Enter the following command to create an empty clustered table with a schema definition:
bq mk \
--table \
--expiration integer1 \
--schema schema \
--time_partitioning_type=DAY \
--time_partitioning_field partition_column \
--clustering_fields cluster_columns \
--time_partitioning_expiration integer2 \
--description "description" \
--label key:value,key:value \
project_id:dataset.table
Replace the following:
 - integer1: The default lifetime (in seconds) for the table. The minimum value is 3,600 seconds (one hour). The expiration time evaluates to the current UTC time plus the integer value. If you set the table's expiration time when you create a time-partitioned table, the dataset's default table expiration setting is ignored. Setting this value deletes the table and all partitions after the specified time.
 - schema: An inline schema definition in the format column:data_type,column:data_type or the path to the JSON sc


text:
A total order on a set is a way of ordering its elements to say that some elements precede others, with the understanding that any two elements can be compared one way or the other.
A toset is a set equipped with a total order.
The category of finite nonempty totally ordered sets and order-preserving maps is called, the simplex category.
The category of all finite totally ordered sets and order-preserving maps is called, the augmented simplex category.
A linear order is much like a total order, except that it is based on an irreflexive relation.
Using excluded middle, one can move between linear orders and total orders using negation; that is, the negation of a total order is a linear order and vice versa. Actually one usually swaps the order too, as follows:
One often sees defined as but ; this is equivalent, but doesn't show the duality explicitly. Similarly, one often sees defined as or ; this is not even equivalent constructively, although it is classically.
In classical mathematics, the distinction between total orders and linear orders is merely a terminological technicality, which is not always observed; more precisely, there is a natural bijection between the set of total orders on a given set and the set of linear orders on, and one distinguishes them by their notation. In constructive mathematics, however, they are irreducibly different.
For more, including why linear orders are more often useful in constructive mathematics, see linear order.


Configuration
How to configure gqlgen using gqlgen.yml
[edit]
gqlgen can be configured using a gqlgen.yml file, by default it will be loaded from the current directory, or any parent directory.
Example:
# You can pass a single schema file
schema: schema.graphql
# Or multiple files
schema:
 - schema.graphql
 - user.graphql
# Or you can use globs
schema:
 - "*.graphql"
# Or globs from a root directory
schema:
 - "schema/**/*.graphql"
# Let gqlgen know where to put the generated server
exec:
 filename: graph/generated/generated.go
 package: generated
# Let gqlgen know where to put the generated models (if any)
# Set to null to disable
model:
 filename: models/generated.go
 package: models
# Optional, turns on resolver stub generation
resolver:
 filename: resolver.go # where to write them
 type: Resolver # what's the resolver root implementation type called?
# Optional, turns on binding to field names by tag provided
struct_tag: json
# Optional, set to true if you prefer []Thing over []*Thing
omit_slice_element_pointers: false
# Optional, set to speed up generation time by not performing a final validation pass
skip_validation: true
# Instead of listing out every model like below, you can automatically bind to any matching types
# within the given path by using 'model: User' or 'model: models.User'. EXPERIMENTAL in v0.9.1
autobind:
 - github.com/my/app/models
# Tell gqlgen about any existing models you want to reuse for
# graphql. These normally come from the db or a remote api.
models:
 User:
 model: models.User # can use short paths when the package is listed in autobind
 Todo:
 model: github.com/my/app/models.Todo # or full paths if you need to go elsewhere
 fields:
 id:
 resolver: true # force a resolver to be generated
 fieldName: todoId # bind to a different go field name
 # model also accepts multiple backing go types. When mapping onto structs
 # any of these types can be used, the first one is used as the default for
 # resolver args.
 ID:
 model:
 - github.com/99designs/gqlgen/graphql.IntID
 - github.com/99designs/gqlgen/graphql.ID
Everything has defaults, so add things as you need.
Inline config with directives
gqlgen ships with some builtin directives that make it a little easier to manage wiring.
To start using them you first need to define them:
directive @goModel(model: String, models: [String!]) on OBJECT
 | INPUT_OBJECT
 | SCALAR
 | ENUM
 | INTERFACE
 | UNION
directive @goField(forceResolver: Boolean, name: String) on INPUT_FIELD_DEFINITION
 | FIELD_DEFINITION
Here be dragons
gqlgen doesnt currently support user-configurable directives for SCALAR, ENUM, INTERFACE or UNION. This only works for internal directives. You can track the progress here
Now you can use these directives when defining types in your schema:
type User @goModel(model: "github.com/my/app/models.User") {
 id: ID! @goField(name: "todoId")
 name: String! @goField(forceResolver: true)
}


text:
Washington, DC Weather
Washington, DC climate is warm during summer when temperatures tend to be in the 70's and very cold during winter when temperatures tend to be in the 30's.
The warmest month of the year is July with an average maximum temperature of 88.30 degrees Fahrenheit, while the coldest month of the year is January with an average minimum temperature of 27.30 degrees Fahrenheit.
Temperature variations between night and day tend to be fairly limited during summer with a difference that can reach 18 degrees Fahrenheit, and fairly limited during winter with an average difference of 16 degrees Fahrenheit.
The annual average precipitation at Washington is 39.35 Inches. Rainfall in is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The wettest month of the year is May with an average rainfall of 3.82 Inches.
Moon, Sunrise and Sunset
|Moon Phase: Waning Gibbous Moon||Civil Twilight:
5:16 AM EDT
5:47 AM EDT
8:22 PM EDT
8:53 PM EDT


text:
The first area of the museum goes through the history of the company. It all started with the Waterbury Clock Company by Gordon Webster Burnham and Aaron Benedict. But the company failed in 1944, and it became a part of the U.S. Time Corp. Originally started as a brass factory, it evolved into making clocks with brass parts. Today it is known as simply Timex. Also, it was interesting to note how forward thinking the company was even in its early days. Predating the women's rights movements by a decade, a woman's hands were seen as assets in clock making. Consequently, by the mid 1880's, women made up as much as thirty five percent of the Waterbury Clock Company's workforce. It also gave a good life to families of immigrants, especially French Canadian, who came to Waterbury for a better life. One of the biggest things that the company became known for, which also saved the company during harsh times, was the invention of the Mickey Mouse watch in 1933. This opened up the market for children to become proud watch wearers. During this time also, The Waterbury Clock Company made defense products to help defeat the Nazis during World War 2.
There is also a cultural exhibit, which includes the mysteries of Easter Island. The water display allows the museum visitors the chance to see how boating with or against the current can affect the time it gets to travel somewhere. The last exhibit is the
The museum is open from Tuesday thru Saturday from 10 a.m. till 7 p.m. Admission is six dollars (cash only), and it is wheelchair accessible.


5 Ways you Trick yourself into Prolonging Emotional Pain
Articleslife coachingComments Off on 5 Ways you Trick yourself into Prolonging Emotional Pain
emotionalpainMany people are surprised to learn that their favorite coping mechanism for handling emotional pain actually causes more problems than it solves.
Let's look at four solid steps to effectively dealing with emotional pain and five reactions that trick you into prolonging it.
Imagine that someone hurts your feelings. To deal with it effectively you might 1) notice the emotional pain without denying it. Then 2) express your feelings maturely, 3) clear up any misunderstandings, and 4) set new expectations and a plan to move ahead. Then, you can let the emotional pain go, feeling like you have dealt with the situation.
Most people don't take these steps out of their emotional pain. Why?
Why on earth would you hang on to emotional pain? The gist of it is that it maintains the status quo. At some point in life, probably before you can remember, you grew accustomed to a certain brand of emotional pain, and your mind simply assimilated it as part of the deal.
You developed a tolerance for it and perhaps even developed an identity around suffering emotional pain. Now, if you have not consciously come to terms with it, you trick yourself in to maintaining the status quo. In fact, some people cannot fathom life outside the box of emotional pain they live in.
To see how this plays out, let's look at a hypothetical example. Imagine that someone you know rudely interrupts you in the middle of a sentence and it hurts your feelings.
Here are five ways you trick yourself into hanging onto emotional pain.
So there you are. You've just been rudely interrupted. How can you virtually guarantee that you will revel in it for some time to come?
1. Outright denial. A sure way to keep your emotional pain festering is to deny its existence. Just pretend you didn't notice the interruption. If someone asks if it bothered you later, you say, "Oh, no. I don't let that kind of thing get to me. Life is too short to make a fuss!" Make nice and completely bury your feelings. Hopefully you will forget all about it. But you won't. It will eat at you. It will fester. It will turn into resentment that will pop out unexpectedly and create more pain. You have tricked yourself into carrying this one and adding it to the pile of other stressors you have denied.
mouthshut2. Refusing to express. Ok, you have acknowledged to yourself that the rude interruption hurt your feelings, but you won't speak up. You tell yourself that you shouldn't have to say anything or that he wouldn't care anyway.
You try to continue to conversation, but are distracted by what a rude jerk you are dealing with. If he ask what is wrong, you say something like, "Nothing, sorry I'm just a bit tired. Don't mind me."
You are still stuck in stress and now it is building.
Regardless, expressing the emotional pain at the source is a key factor in letting it go. If you find a reason to withhold yourself, you are also finding a reason to hang onto the hurt.
3. The freak out. In this case, you do the opposite of withholding and just let it rip. You fly off the handle or exaggerate the situation. You say, "How dare you! Who do you think you are to sit there and ignore every word I say and then cut me off like I don't matter? Where were you raised? In a barn?
This encourages your adversary to defend himself, accuse you of being insane and pretend he is no longer obligated to listen to such a lunatic. Does this alleviate your stress or just invite more?
4. Making excuses. "He's under a lot of pressure and he's nervous, so who am I to add to it by making more demands? Give the guy a break, nobody's perfect."
Letting him off the hook by making excuses for him may help avoid a conflict, but won't ease your stress. How will you stand up for yourself if you keep finding reasons that others are justified in hurting your feelings?
cotton_candy5. Sugar-coating. Mary Poppins sang, "A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down," but I don't think emotional pain was the medicine she had in mind.
Just the same, sugar coating emotional pain makes it more tolerable. Believe it or not, human beings (including you) are masters at it. How could you sugar-coat a rude interruption?
Oh, it's not that big of a deal. It happens all the time. Lighten up.
I have to keep a positive attitude here! Nothing has power to bother me!
Patience is a virtue and this is a good opportunity to practice.
You've just made your stress tolerable, instead of dealing with it, like candy-coating small doses of cyanide – it's easier to swallow.
If you catch yourself doing any of the above, ask yourself if it will really help to resolve your emotional pain, or to hang onto it. When you come to see that your efforts to cope only prolong the stress, you may opt for a different path.
If you need help to apply the principles in this article, consider personal coaching with Mike Bundrant. To inquire, fill out the form below and someone will be in touch soon.
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<dvt:legendText>
legendText legend text
Use the legendText tag to identify a series of data in a graph legend. Text is associated with each marker in the legend.
Relationship with other tags
The legendText tag must be a child of one of the following components: Advanced graph, areaGraph, barGraph, bubbleGraph, comboGraph, dualYBarGraph, dualYComboGraph, dualYLineGraph, funnelGraph, horizontalBarGraph, horizontalStackedBarGraph, pieGraph, paretoGraph, lineGraph, radarGraph, scatterGraph, stackedBarGraph, stockCandleGraph, stockGraph.
The legendText tag can have the following child tag: graphFont tag.
Example
The following example shows the XML for a legendText tag that specifies alignment of text on the left and provides the characteristics of the font to be used.
 <dvt:graph>
 <dvt:legendText horizontalAlignment="LEFT">
 <dvt:graphFont name="SansSerif" size="10" color="#000000" bold="false" italic="false" underline="false"/>
 </dvt:legendText>
 </dvt:graph>

Attributes
Name Type Supports EL? Description
id java.lang.String no Specifies the identifier for the component
horizontalAlignment java.lang.String no Indicates where to position the legend text relative to the associated marker. Valid values are:
 - CENTER
 - LEFT
 - RIGHT
 - LEADING


text:
The papers of Eliza Lucas Pinckney (1722–1793) and her daughter Harriott Pinckney Horry (1748–1830) document the lives of two observant and articulate founding-era women who were members of one of South Carolina's leading families. Their letters, diaries, and other documents span nearly a century (1739–1830) and provide a window on politics, social events, and people of the late colonial and early national periods. They richly detail the daily life of maintaining family ties and managing households and plantations. Pinckney's correspondence illustrates the importance of women's social connections and transatlantic friendships. Horry's correspondence documents the strength of personal ties that linked the elite families of the North and the South to each other even as connections were threatened by disputes over slavery, commercial differences, and political and constitutional conflict.
At top right: photograph of a brooch owned by both Eliza Lucas Pinckney and Harriott Pinckney Horry, now in the collections of the Charleston Museum.Table of Contents
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|Funding for this edition was provided
by the National Endowment for the Humanities


text:
History of Thought, Emotion and Knowledge
We have developed notable expertise in the study of the history of Science, Medicine and the Emotions. Thomas Dixon is the director of the interdisciplinary Centre for the History of the Emotions, which is funded by the Wellcome Trust. This means that our historians now play a leading national and international role in developing our understanding of emotions over time. This research overlaps with the history of medicine and science, where we specialise in two areas. We also support Papertechnology, the study of how physicians have learned their craft from 1500 to 1960. Staff working in Science, Medicine and the Emotions include Thomas Dixon, Rhodri Hayward, Colin Jones, Andrew Mendelsohn, Jenny Bangham, Ed Ramsden and Barbara Taylor.
We have an internationally recognised reputation for the study of politics, both in history of ideas and political thought and the history of the practice and consequences of politics. Our expertise in political thought covers major thinkers such as Burke, Hobbes and Marx and also nineteenth-century liberalism, utopian socialsm and Victorian internationalism. We also lead the interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of the History of Political Thought. Staff working in the history of political thought include Caroline Ashcroft, Andrew Fitzmaurice, Maurizio Isabella, Quentin Skinner, Gareth Stedman Jones, and Georgios Varouxakis.


text:
Summer is coming, for LED display, in addition to lightning protection, we must pay attention to the high temperature in summer, especially outdoor LED display. In some places, the outdoor temperature in summer is sometimes as high as 40°, and the LED display still keep working continuously. will the LED display be dangerous under working this temperature? Let's talk about how does it to deal with the high temperature test from three aspects.
First, excellent material selection: LED display is composed of face mask, circuit board and bottom shell. The waterproof glue used for fire and moisture proof LED display is also an important part of LED display. The mask and bottom shell are all made of PC glass fiber material with flame retardant quality verification. The circuit board is sprayed with black three-proof paint to prevent weathering and corrosion.
Second, solve the heat dissipation problem: the larger the area of the LED display, the greater the power used and the more obvious the heat. In addition, the sunshine of summer is violent, and the high external temperature causes difficulty in heat dissipation.
In order to solve the heat dissipation problem, it is necessary to adjust from the appearance design and internal structure of the LED display screen, using the hollow design, high density and high precision design of the circuit board. The interior is designed with a macro penetration, which does not produce accumulated rain and does not cause the danger of short-circuiting of wires. No fan , reduce the load of the LED circuit, and the combination of inside and outside can achieve efficient heat dissipation.
Third, installation specifications: LED display is a high-power electrical appliance, prone to short circuit. However, the LED display screen with true quality clearance has no short circuit from wire to structure. However, a little carelessness during the installation process may cause unexpected dangers. In order to ensure safety, the manufacturer needs to guide the installation throughout the process, make sure to connect the positive and negative poles, ensure that the circuit is firmly connected, and remove flammable materials around the LED display. And regularly arrange professional and technical personnel to detect and check the LED display.
Contact Person: Miss. Celia


text:
Pronunciation: (floor"u-plas'tik, flôr"-, flōr"-), [key]
any of the plastics, as Teflon, in which hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon chains are replaced by fluorine atoms. Also called fluor•o•pol•y•mer Pronunciation: (floor"u-pol'u-mur, flôr"-, flōr"-). [key]
Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.


text:
AP – New Mexico oilfield and air quality regulators on Thursday announced unprecedented state fines against a Texas-based oil and natural gas producer on accusations that the company flouted local pollution reporting and control requirements by burning off vast amounts of natural gas in a prolific energy-production zone in the southeast of the state.
The New Mexico Environment Department announced a USD40.3 million penalty against Austin, Texas-based Ameredev, alleging the burning caused excessive emissions in 2019 and 2020 at five facilities in New Mexico's Lea County near the town of Jal.
Regulators raised concerns about the excess release of several pollutants linked to climate warming or known to cause serious health issues, including sulphur dioxide.
The agency alleged that Ameredev mined oil and natural gas without any means of transporting the gas away via pipeline, as required by state law. The company instead is accused of burning off the natural gas in excess of limits or without authorisation in 2019 and 2020 – with excess emissions equivalent to pollution that would come from heating 16,640 homes for a year, the agency said in a statement.
The open-air burning, or "flaring," of natural gas is often used as a control measure to avoid direct emissions into the atmosphere, with permit requirements to estimate burning.
"They simply were not following what they had represented in their permits… They represented that they would capture 100 per cent of their gas, send it to the sales pipeline," said section chief for air quality compliance at the New Mexico Environment Department Cindy Hollman.
Representatives for Ameredev and a parent company could not immediately be reached for comment on Thursday by phone or e-mail.
Separately, state oilfield regulators issued a violation notice and proposed a USD2.4-million penalty against Ameredev for a series of regulatory infractions at one of the company's wells.
It accused Ameredev of failing to file required production and natural gas waste reports.
"Such reports are critical for operators to demonstrate compliance with (New Mexico) waste rules, which themselves are a key component of New Mexico's climate change policy," the Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department said in a statement. "Other required reports were submitted but were unacceptably late."
Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department Secretary Sarah Cottrell Propst said her agency was pursuing the maximum penalty available. The sanctions can be disputed administratively, and eventually appealed in court.
The Environment Department has ordered the company to cease all excess emissions and seek permits that accurately reflect its operations, with verification from an independent auditor.
Hollman said that the sanctions stem from anonymous calls from concerned citizens about open-air flares from the burning of natural gas.
She said that led to on-site inspections in late December 2019 at installations of tanks that receive crude oil from the wells.
"None of the facilities had permitted a flare and yet every facility was flaring," Hollman said in an interview. "Every site was different than what they had represented."
Advanced oil-drilling techniques have unlocked massive amounts of natural gas from New Mexico's portion of the Permian Basin, which extends into Texas.
But existing pipelines don't always have enough capacity to gather and transport the gas.
State oil and gas regulators recently updated regulations to limit venting and flaring at petroleum production sites to reduce methane pollution, with some allowances for emergencies and mandatory reporting.
Recent changes by the state Environment Department focus on oilfield equipment that emits smog-causing pollution, specifically volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides.


text:
(of items or people gathered or considered together) of various types or from different sources.
"he picked up the miscellaneous papers in his in tray"
synonyms: various, varied, different, assorted, mixed, diverse, disparate, sundry, many and different, variegated, diversified, motley, multifarious, jumbled, confused, indiscriminate, heterogeneous; More
(of a collection or group) composed of members or elements of different kinds.
"a miscellaneous collection of well-known ne'er-do-wells"
early 17th cent.: from Latin miscellaneus (from miscellus 'mixed', from miscere 'to mix') + -ous. In earlier use the word also described a person as 'having various qualities'.
Translate miscellaneous to
Use over time for: miscellaneous


text:
Animal Science Department Tour!
Animal Science programs at the University of Nebraska began with the establishment of the Department of Animal Husbandry by the Board of Regents in 1898. This came one year after the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station was created. The first reference to experimental work with livestock was in 1891. The Animal Husbandry staff was housed in two rooms of the south wing of Agriculture Hall until they moved into Animal Husbandry Hall in 1917. The Departments of Dairy Husbandry and Poultry Husbandry were established in 1902 and 1922, respectively. The Loeffel meat Laboratory which encompasses approximately 19,500 square feet of space, was completed and dedicated in 1954. In 1964 the Departments were renamed as Animal Science, Dairy Science and Poultry Science, and three years later the Departments of Animal and Dairy Science were merged. The dairy-processing faculty formed the core for a new Department of Food Science and Technology. Marvel Baker Hall, which included approximately 54,000 square feet of new space, was dedicated in 1969, and housed a portion of the expanding program. Poultry Science joined Animal Science in 1977. The construction of the current Animal Science Building and renovation of the Loeffel Meat Laboratory and Marvel Baker Hall were completed in 1988. The new construction of approximately 186,000 square feet added a covered livestock unit with an arena, an intensive animal use unit, laboratory, classroom and office space. The new building incorporates two former animal science buildings and was dedicated on April 22, 1988. Adjacent to the new building are four livestock holding pens and two pole barns for short-term housing of animals used in teaching or extension programs. One poultry building is also located nearby.
Major animal facilities used in teaching, research and extension are located away from the Lincoln campus.
Agricultural Research and Development Center at Mead: is a multi-unit facility including a working dairy with approximately 300 cattle, a 1,000-head capacity beef feedlot, a 325-sow swine farrow-to-finish unit, a 170-head purebred Angus and crossbred beef teaching heard, a 190 cow-beef physiology herd, an individual cattle feeding barn, two feed mills and approximately 3,000 acres of pasture.
Haskell Ag Lab affiliated with the Northeast Research and Extension Center at Concord: contains a 500-head capacity, 42-pen beef feedlot with processing facilities and a feed mill for beef research, four 144-head swine growing-finishing facilities, one 144-head swine nursery and one 256-head growing-finishing unit.
West Central Research and Extension Center at North Platte: has a beef physiology barn with processing facilities, calving barn, feeding barn, open cattle lots, 40 individual feeding crates, and 600 acres of pasture along with a feed mill and pelleting mill.
|Panhandle Research and Extension Center at Scottsbluff: includes a 42-pen beef feedlot, several larger pens, a dry-grain feed mill and bunker silos, and access to 800 acres of pasture.|
High Plains Ag Lab near Sidney: is managed by Panhandle REC. It includes access to 1,600 acres of pasture.
Dalbey-Halleck Research Farm near Virginia: is a 1,140-acre farm with 175 mature beef cows and 80 heifers used for beef cow-calf management research.
Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory near Whitman: is a 12,800-acre range ranch with about 1,200 acres of sub irrigated meadow and 11,600 acres of upland range with 360 March-calving and 200 June-calving beef cows used in nutrition and physiology projects.
Barta Brothers Ranch near Ainsworth: contains range and pasture for grazing research.


text:
They listened and they asked good questions. J. Taylor Finley Middle School eighth graders were a great audience as Huntington High School teachers and students pitched elective courses in business, art, technology and science research last Friday.
The Finley eighth graders will soon be making course selections for their freshman year. The high school representatives were on hand to discuss some of the available opportunities. Visual displays highlighting aspects of the courses were set up on the LGI stage.
"I had a great time talking to some of the eighth graders today and encouraging them to take some of the business classes at the high school next year," senior Mia Breitbarth said. "Hopefully some of them will find a passion in business just like I did."
Huntington High School's 2019/20 course bulletin is posted on the district website at _URL_. It contains detailed information about every course offered, including all of the electives.
"We had a successful day promoting the expansive high school electives at Finley," said art teacher Heather Swan, who heads the video arts program. "As a teacher, it was a great opportunity to meet and talk with the eighth graders about their interests. The high school students spoke so highly about the teachers and electives they have taken during their high school career and did a terrific job inspiring the Class of 2023."
Joining Mrs. Swan was fellow art teacher Ayallah Jeddah, business teachers Paige Furman and Suzi Biagi and science teacher Matthew Ligouri.
"It was a lot of fun talking to the eighth graders today, some of them seemed so intrigued by what we were talking about and hopefully they will ask for a business class in their schedule next year so they can have both Mrs. Biagi and Mrs. Furman as amazing teachers," senior Kiara Rafailan said.
The high school students came well prepped and were ready to explain the elective course offerings and answer every possible question that was fired at them by the inquisitive eighth graders.
"It was a great experience to have been able to tell the upcoming freshmen about the opportunities the high school offers," senior Alex Wakhale said.
Award winning filmmaker Caitlyn Palermo was among the students who made the trek to Finley for the electives fair. "It was a great experience that allowed me to encourage the younger generation to find something they are passionate about and pursue it," the junior said.
The eighth graders left the LGI with plenty to consider as they contemplate their freshman year courses.
"It was a lot of fun talking to kids about classes both of us are passionate about," junior Nicholas Rowley said. "All the art classes at Huntington that I've taken have been so much fun and seeing others excited to take classes like Drawing and Painting, Video and Media Arts made my day."
The eighth graders expressed interest in each of the different subject areas, which pleased the high school teachers and students who made the trek to the Greenlawn Road school.
"Talking to the Finley students about the science research program, which is a passion of mine, was very enjoyable," said Huntington Science Honor Society President Sam Roberts. "I hope more kids take the class and discover how great it is for themselves."