Tutorials
Want To Embed Google Google Chart Into your WordPress Posts or Widgets : Step by Step Guide
WordPress is one of the most widely used web development frameworks, and one of the primary reasons behind the WordPress's popularity is that it enables the users to easily customize the websites and make the sites look exactly the way they want without requiring to possess the coding or programming knowledge.
One can easily enhance the WordPress posts, pages or widgets with various elements to augment the appeal of the website or to deliver better user experience. Among the various elements that can be added to the website are the "Google Charts" that offer an incredible way to represent the data in a visually appealing and easy to understand manner.
What Are Google Charts?
Google Charts is an incredible way to add the information in a tabular format in your WordPress post, page or widget. There are many scenarios, where the best way of presenting the information is either a graph, a pie chart or a bar graph.
google charts in wordpress
The Google Charts functionality allows you to create the customized chart in an easier manner. Whether you need a simple linear chart or want to add the complex hierarchical tree maps, the Google's chart gallery can solve your problem. Here you can find an array of ready to use charts and graphs, which can be customized as per your requirements.
The Google charts are highly interactive, and let you present the information in a visually attractive manner. Google enables you to access the chart with a default appearance, and you can easily customize a chart to make it match the look and feel of your website.
The Google Charts can easily be embedded to a WordPress website's posts, pages, and even widgets. You can easily create a chart in the Google Developer tools and then embed it to the WordPress website elements.
How To Embed Google Chart Into your WordPress Posts, Pages or Widgets?
This guide presents the step by step instructions to embed the Google Chart into your WordPress website elements.
1. First of all, navigate to the Google Developers Charts link, draw your chart and open your Google Spreadsheet with the chart that you want to embed into the WordPress post.
wordpress how to embed google chart
2. Click the "Chart" menu present in the upper right corner of the chart frame, and click "Publish Chart".
wordpress how to embed google chart 2
3. Click "Publish"
how to embed google chart in wordpress 4. Now a screen with the HTML script will appear, click the "Embed" tab on this screen.
wordpress how to embed google chart
5. Copy this script and paste it into the widget, page or post on which you want the Google Chart to appear. Ensure that you open the page, post or widget in the Text view, and save the changes.
google embed how to code in wordpress
6. Now you would be able to see the chart on your website.
This way, you can easily add the Google charts to your WordPress website and present the information in a way that your visitors find it engaging and easy to understand.

Leave a Comment
five × 4 =


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Middridge is located in County Durham
 Middridge shown within County Durham
OS grid reference NZ251261
Unitary authority County Durham
Ceremonial county County Durham
Region North East
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town Newton Aycliffe
Postcode district DL5
Dialling code 01325
Police Durham
Fire County Durham and Darlington
Ambulance North East
EU Parliament North East England
List of places
County Durham
Coordinates: 54°38′N 1°40′W / 54.63°N 1.66°W / 54.63; -1.66
Following the fall of the Roman Empire, the Saxons arrived in the area around 500 AD [1] and created several settlements, including Middridge. The name "Middridge" is derived from its location at that time on the "middle ridge" between Eldon and School Aycliffe (near the current Aycliffe golf course).
Anglo-Saxon Middridge lasted for five hundred years before being destroyed by the Normans during William the Conqueror's Harrying of the North. Those who survived this massacre (and the resulting disease and starvation) were enslaved by the invaders. They were forced by the Bishop of Durham to toil in the surrounding fields as serfs, and forcibly relocated to gloomy huts centred on the village green. The "serfs" eventually gained their freedom and the village green survives to this day, although the housing has improved considerably.
The arrival of the industrial age in the nineteenth century resulted in two coal mines: Charles Pit and Eden Pit.[2] These pits were collectively known as Middridge Colliery, and provided employment for hundreds of people in their heyday while producing a combined daily total of 600 tons of coal,[3] before closing in the early 20th century. The remains of this era live on in the names of places such as Charles Row, Eden Grove and the "pit heap", a small hill used in the winter as a sledge run# Until recently, the pit heap was also used to host the annual village bonfire#
Notable buildings and structures[edit]
Middridge Grange is a Grade II listed building [4] situated just outside the village itself, between Shildon and School Aycliffe. It is one of the oldest buildings in the region, beginning life as a large Elizabethan manor in 1578. However, the current Middridge Grange bears little resemblance to the original manor, much of which was destroyed by fire in the 19th century.
Used as a farmhouse, it has been owned by the Scott family since the early 20th century but has not been lived in since the 1970s, after falling into serious disrepair. A site of great interest to historians, it is currently undergoing an extensive renovation.
Middridge Village Hall was originally built as a school for the children of the village and local farming community. It served this purpose for many years, but due to a continuing fall in pupil numbers in the 1950s and 1960s and changes in education policy, it closed.
To prevent the building becoming derelict, the committee of the village association took over the administration of the hall. After various repairs and alterations, it became the village hall, which it has been for well over thirty years. The village hall is used as a venue for discos, church services, parties and social gatherings such as the monthly wine club. The hall has recently been refurbished, with an entirely new roof section, plumbing structure and electrical system.
Famous residents[edit]
The Byerley Turk, the great stallion owned by the then Captain (later Colonel) Robert Byerley, was arguably Middridge's most famous resident. The Byerley Turk was one of the three[5] founding stallions of today's thoroughbred horses and was stood at Middridge Grange, until being moved to Goldsborough Hall, near Knaresborough, North Yorkshire, when his owner married his cousin, Mary Wharton, in 1692.
Robert Byerley was the son of Colonel Anthony Byerley, a cavalry officer who served Charles I in a unit known as "Byerley's Bulldogs". The Byerley line eventually died out, but their name lives on in place names around the region, such as Byerley Park, Byerley Road etc.
It is believed that King Charles I of England took refuge in Middridge Grange during the English Civil War.[6]
Legends and folklore[edit]
The Middridge fairies (or faeries) are, according to legend, very different from the kind, winged fairies of popular culture. They are rumoured to be evil demons that scourge people and generally cause mischief. The story goes that the fairies chased a traveller, who took refuge in Middridge Grange, getting inside the building just before the pitchfork struck the door. The pitchfork mark was reputedly on this door for many years afterwards. They were also blamed for disruptions to the building of the Stockton and Darlington railway.
The village fete[edit]
Middridge village fete is a yearly event for the local community (but people come from miles around). It is usually a combination of a jumble sale, children's entertainment, competitions and other events, usually ending in a barbecue that is enjoyed alongside copious amounts of alcohol.
In 1974 during excavations for the foundation of the Bay Horse Pub extension in Middridge, a hoard of coins mainly dating from Edward 1 era was found. Known as "The Middridge Hoard", the significant hoard was mainly distributed at an auction by Dinning in 1976, although some remain in the Dorman Long Museum in Middlesbrough, and the British Treasury Museum in London. The Hoard. The hoard of 3072 coins was estimated to be buried in 1311, and consisted of mainly English, but also Irish, Scottish and Continental coins.
 1. ^ [1][dead link]
 2. ^ Lloyd, Chris. "Come friendly bombs and fall on...Eden (From The Northern Echo)". Thenorthernecho.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
 3. ^ _URL_
 4. ^ "Keys To The Past, Ref No D15753". Keystothepast.info. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
 5. ^ The Byerley Turk by Jeremy James, publ. Merlin Unwin Books, ISBN 978-1-873674-98-7
 6. ^ [2][dead link]
 - Leighton, H.R. (1910) Memorials of Old Durham London: G. Allen
External links[edit]


text:
Storage of aggregates in silos
The aggregates are temporarily stored in multiple-chamber silos. Large amounts of dust are generated when the chambers are being filled. The geometry of the material heaps can vary depending on the consistency of the aggregates and the properties of the bulk materials can also vary from filling to filling.
Level measurement with the APM 3DLevelScannerT
The 3DLevelScanner is the ideal solution for continuous measurement of aggregates inside silos. By virtue of the mapping measuring principle, the 3DLevelScanner can generate 3D maps of the contents. 3-dimensional mapping delivers true and absolute surface level values, volume and mass with unprecedented accuracy. Since the instrument comes already factory-adjusted, set-up involves only electrical connection. Neither product quality, nor dust generation, nor the shape of the material heap influence the measurements.}

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Definition - What does Macronutrients mean?
In cannabis cultivation, macronutrients refers to the three plant nutrients that the marijuana plants require in much higher doses (quantities) than micronutrients.
There are three macronutrients, which are sometimes referred to as primary macronutrients, are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Their chemical elements, N, P, and K, are often expressed on fertilizer and nutrient packages as the product's N-P-K value.
In addition to the three primary macronutrients cannabis requires, there are three secondary macronutrients that are required (in lesser quantities than primary macronutrients, but still higher amounts than micronutrients). The secondary macronutrients are calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Many plant scientists believe silicon to be a secondary macronutrient as well.
Hydrolife explains Macronutrients
In doesn't matter what strain of cannabis one is growing, all types of cannabis require the same quantities of macronutrients.
Each macronutrient has a particular benefit or function in the garden. For example, nitrogen is essential for building proteins and producing carbohydrates; it is also essential for plant cell division (growth). Phosphorus helps with root growth, seed formation, and plant maturity. Finally, potassium is important for disease resistance and boosting flowering.
As for the secondary macronutrients, sulfur helps develop vitamins, aids in seed production, and is important for forming amino acids. Magnesium is the key to chlorophyll production and helps plants to take in phosphorus and iron. Calcium helps in respiration and cell division, while silicon is said to strength plant cell walls.
Cannabis plants are considered hungry plants; they need a constant supply of nutrients practically at all times. They key to successful cultivation is matching your plant's feeding schedule with their stage of growth. For example, seedlings require a lot less nutrients than larger adult plants preparing to set flowers.
While not as essential to plant growth as macronutrients, there are micronutrients cannabis plants require as well. They include chlorine, molybdenum, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, and boron.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


No comments yet
TogetherChat Submits Report to BMHS
Participants at the TogetherChat submitted a report of their discussions to Baltimore Mental Health Systems. This report identifies several barriers to communication that exist between mental health professionals and minor-attracted people, including self-interest, media sensationalizing, culturally enforced secrecy, drastic and ineffective legal policies, inaccurate stereotypes, the silencing of minor-attracted people who behave responsibly, misleading paradigms used to understand them, adversarial professional relationships, derogatory professional language, severe stigma, marginalization, and fear on both sides. The report describes how improved communication would contribute to the prevention of harm to minor-attracted adults and adolescents, the well-being of children, increased understanding by mental health professionals, and more effective and just policies.
The report proposes a variety of interventions, such as workshops to promote honest communication between the two groups and a change in the existing paradigm, the creation of an infrastructure of highly visible mental health services, a review and revision of professional language, the organizing of informal meetings held around the country where both groups could speak honestly about common concerns, and the formation of a working group that would disseminate accurate information to stakeholders. The report also identifies possible obstacles to these interventions and ways of working around them.
Finally, the report outlines plans for a workshop to be held by B4U-ACT in late fall or winter, with support from BMHS. The proposed workshop would involve interactive sessions where attendees work together toward the following goals:
 - To define the communication problem that exists between mental health professionals and minor attracted people in society
 - To promote understanding of the harmful consequences of this problem, and the benefits of eliminating the barriers to communication
 - To develop mutual empathy among mental health professionals and minor attracted people
 - To help mental health professionals see minor attracted people as diverse in their characteristics and behaviors
 - To form a working group that would develop and carry out plans to promote communication between the two groups over a period of time, and on a larger scale
The full report can be found here (Word document).
Post a comment


227 - 1/02 - Heavy Weather Alongside - El Dekheila
One of our Member's bulk carriers twice recently visited the port of El Dekheila, near Alexandria, Egypt. On both occasions, the vessel experienced heavy swell whilst alongside, resulting in the vessel surging along the quay. On the second occasion, she parted a total of eleven mooring lines and required the assistance of a tug, pilot and mooring crew to resecure the vessel. Two ship's staff were injured during this operation.
Obtaining assistance unfortunately, takes a long time in El Dekheila - the port is likely to be closed once the wind reaches Force 6 or there is a heavy swell running, although a tug is always on standby for emergencies. Once the port is closed, except under special circumstances, no vessel is allowed to enter or leave.
The prevailing wind is from the north and northwest and can reach Force 8/9 - the berths are largely unprotected when the wind is from the north. The Port Authority are aware of the situation - there are, it is reported, studies to increase the length of the breakwater to afford more shelter.
Staff Author


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Consider a square planar grid. (The vertices are pair of points in the plane with integer coordinates and two vertices are adjacent if they agree in one coordinate and differ by one in the other.)
Give every edge a length one with probability a half and length two with probability a half.
Consider a shortest path between the origin and the vertex $(n,0)$.
Show that with probability that tends to one as $n$ tends to infinity the shortest path will not contain the "middle edge" on the x-axis inbetween the orgin and $(n,0)$. (Namely, the edge between the vertices $(\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor,0)$ and $(\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor+1,0)$.)
This question is in the category of "a missing lemma". It is not really a full fledged open problem but rather a statement which looks correct that was needed in some paper and resisted proof. Of course, some such "lemmas" turn out to be very difficult, but sometimes maybe a simple argument was simply missed. The relevant paper is with Itai Benjamini and Oded Schramm: First Passage Percolation Has Sublinear Distance Variance
While MO have chosen to accept one answer, and there were some nice suggestions, the problem is still wide open.
share|improve this question
Thanks Alon, I myself cannot see the latex (it leaves the formulas uncompiled) so I prefer the plain text. – Gil Kalai Dec 23 '09 at 10:34
Nitpicking: is it "a shortest path" or "the shortest path"? Do you want to show there is a shortest path avoiding the given edge, or that all shortest paths avoid the given edge. – Boris Bukh Dec 23 '09 at 11:26
That's really a shame, Gil. Have you tried installing jsMath along with the fonts? It's not supposed to be necessary but perhaps it'll help. – Alon Amit Dec 23 '09 at 18:00
Boris, I suppose I just want to show that there is a shortest path avoiding this middle edge. Alon, jsMath? where – Gil Kalai Dec 23 '09 at 18:50
Boris: That's not nitpicky, it's actually an important point. If the distribution of passage times is continuous, then with probability one, there is a unique minimizing path between any two points. Here, since the distribution has atoms, with positive probability, there are multiple shortest paths. – Tom LaGatta Dec 26 '09 at 2:02
show 1 more comment
7 Answers
Gil: This is a type of problem that I know little about so here I am thinking out loud about problems that seem natural to ask about this situation. It is hard to believe that people have not already thought about these questions and perhaps answered them. Where would I look to find out more?
You write you are interested in a "square planar grid." So I took this to mean that you were thinking about the points of a "square grid graph" with lx1 squares as the cells that goes from (0,0) to (n,n) and where weights were going to be assigned to the edges of size 1 or 2.
The paths that you are talking about need not be constrained to move up and to the right but it might be interesting to contrast the behavior of general shortest paths with those that move up and to the right. It would also seem to be of interest to see what happens if one selects half of the edges at random and makes them all length 1 edges and makes all the others of length 2. Since there are 4n edges this means 2n are 1's and 2n are 2's. Furthermore, If we insist that paths move up and to the right, such paths all have length 2n, so "very shortest" paths would consist only on 1's.
In both settings:
a. What is the probability there is a shortest path to (n,n) consisting of all 1's?
b. What can be said about the expected value of the length of a shortest path to (n, n)? What can be said about the expected number of paths of this value?
c. When one insists that each of the two lengths appear equally often how many different ways can this happen? (One can also ask how many of these are different up to symmetry of the "colored" graph, treating the lengths as two colors.) One could count in the general case too but the up and to the right case seems more interesting here.
share|improve this answer
To whomever gave this post a negative vote: Shame on you. This post does not answer the question Gil asked, but so what? It is exploratory and raises some interesting ideas; perhaps one of those could lead to a correct answer. Posts like this are exactly what MathOverflow needs. – Tom LaGatta Dec 26 '09 at 1:57
Joe, it is a very good idea to consider paths from (0,0) to (n,n) and to consider also the case where you only go north and east. This restricted model is called "directed percolation". As far as I know the lemma is not known for directed percolation. There is one version where the distribution of edge length is exponential and you want the path of MAXIMUM length where this model is understood very well and is strongly connected to maximum eigenvalues of random symmetric matrices, largest monotone subsequences etc. – Gil Kalai Dec 26 '09 at 19:27
It may be possible that for this version (directed percolation; exponential lengths, maximum path), the detailed understanding of the model may lead to a proof of the lemma; but I am not sure even about it. (There are hopes, but no proofs for universality: that various models will behave in some sense the same way.) Strangely, I dont know the answer for a) off-hand. Nice question. – Gil Kalai Dec 26 '09 at 19:34
_USER_. I think you are wrong --- if someone read it and find it not helpful then it is right thing to vote down. (BTW, it was not me) – Anton Petrunin Jan 27 '10 at 19:37
add comment
Gil, as you said, this is one of those typical FPP problems which seems obvious but is hard to prove. What have you tried already? It'd be helpful to know of some naïve attempts which didn't work.
Here are my thoughts:
Claim: There exists non-random $\lambda$ such that, with probability one, for large n, all shortest paths between $0$ and $(n,0)$ meet $\lambda n + o(n)$ edges. (this is a LLN-type theorem so it shouldn't be hard to prove; e.g., via energy-entropy methods, since your passage time distributions are bounded)
Thus one can consider the probability space $\Omega_n$ consisting of all paths between $0$ and $(n,0)$ which meet $\lambda n + o(n)$ edges. A shortest path is a random variable $X_n$ on this space with a certain probability distribution.
Claim: There exists $\sigma$ such that $|\Omega_n| \approx \sigma^n$. (should be easy: $\log|\Omega_n|$ is probably subadditive)
Let $\Omega_n'$ be the subspace of paths which meet the middle edge, so that $|\Omega_n'| \approx \sigma^{n/2} + \sigma^{n/2}$.
Suppose that there exists $p > 0$ such that the shortest path between $0$ and $(n,0)$ meets the middle edge with probability at least $p$. (*)
Here is the part which I'm struggling to quantify. Intuitively, the distribution of $X_n$ should be smeared smoothly over $\Omega_n$. Certainly the mean is a horizontal line segment, but even paths which veer quite far away aren't unreasonable. However, if (*) holds, with probability at least $p$, $X_n$ concentrates on the much smaller subspace $\Omega_n'$. This seems wrong.
Perhaps all I've done is to translate one "obvious" statement into another. Hopefully this helps a bit. Good luck!
share|improve this answer
Tom, Interseting suggestion. I dont remember so much what we tried. At the end we managed to go around this lemma. – Gil Kalai Dec 26 '09 at 19:38
add comment
Gil, thanks for bumping this post. I think I've got a new idea for you, but it's not a proof yet. Let $\gamma_n$ be a minimizing geodesic between $(-n,0)$ and $(n,0)$, and let $\gamma^{\pm}_n$ be a minimizing geodesic betwen $(\pm n, 0)$ and the origin.
Denote by $d(\gamma_n)$ the maximal Euclidean distance from the geodesic $\gamma_n$ to the straight line path between $(-n,0)$ and $(n,0)$, and define $d(\gamma^\pm_n)$ similarly for $\gamma^\pm_n$. By the definition of the transversal fluctuation exponent $\xi$, $d(\gamma^\pm_n)$ scales like $n^\xi$ and $d(\gamma_n)$ scales like $(2n)


text: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the required spatial alignment accuracy for correctly grading 95 \% of peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers using a system for multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR)-guided ultrasound (US) biopsies. METHODS: PZ prostate tumours were retrospectively annotated on multiparametric MR series using prostatectomy specimens as reference standard. Tumours were grouped based on homogeneous and heterogeneous apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values using an automated ADC texture analysis method. The proportion of heterogeneous tumours containing a distinct, high Gleason grade tumour focus yielding low ADC values was determined. Both overall tumour and high-grade focal volumes were calculated. All high-grade target volumes were then used in a simulated US biopsy system with adjustable accuracy to determine the hit rate. RESULTS: An ADC-determined high-grade tumour focus was found in 63 \% of the PZ prostate tumours. The focal volumes were significantly smaller than the total tumour volumes (median volume of 0.3 ml and 1.1 ml respectively). To correctly grade 95 \% of the aggressive tumour components the target registration error (TRE) should be smaller than 1.9 mm. CONCLUSIONS: To enable finding the high Gleason grade component in 95 \% of PZ prostate tumours with MR-guided US biopsies, a technical registration accuracy of 1.9 mm is required. KEY POINTS : AC/a,!AC/ MRI can identify foci of prostatic cancer with reduced apparent diffusion coefficients AC/a,!AC/ Sixty-three per cent of prostatic peripheral zone tumours contain high-grade tumour low ADC foci AC/a,!AC/ The median volume of such foci is 0.3 ml AC/a,!AC/ Biopsy targets are significantly smaller than whole tumour volumes AC/a,!AC/ Simulated registration accuracy is 1.9 mm for correctly grading 95 \% of tumours.


induction proof of fundamental theorem of arithmetic
We present an inductionMathworldPlanetmath proof by Zermelo for the fundamental theorem of arithmeticMathworldPlanetmath (
Part 1. Every positive integer n is a productPlanetmathPlanetmath of prime numbersMathworldPlanetmath.
Proof. If n=1, it is the empty product of primes, and if n=2, it is a prime number.
Let then n>2. Make the induction hypothesis that all positive integers m with 12 and suppose that the assertion is true for all positive integers less than n.
If now n is a prime, we are ready. Therefore let it be a composite numberMathworldPlanetmath. There is a least nontrivial factor p of n. This p must be a prime. Put n=pb where b is a positive integer. By the induction hypothesis, b has a unique prime factor decomposition. Thus n has a unique prime decomposition containing the prime factor p.
Now we will show that n cannot have other prime decompositions. Make the antithesis that n has a different prime decomposition; let q be the least prime factor in it. Now we have p


text:
Imagine the thrill of turning a handle and waiting in anticipation as a playful surprise pops out from a colorful box. The whimsical world of jack in the box toys has delighted children for generations, offering a blend of surprise, excitement, and delight. In this article, we'll uncover the history, evolution, and enduring appeal of these delightful toys, diving into the magic that makes them timeless treasures.
The Thrilling History of Jack in the Box Toys
Imagine a time before smartphones and video games, when a simple hand-cranked toy could capture the imagination of children everywhere. The history of these pop-up surprises is as colorful as the toys themselves, beginning with humble origins and stretching across centuries to become a staple in the world of playful delights. Let's turn back the pages and explore the charming beginnings and cultural waves made by this enduring phenomenon.
Origins and Early Designs
Imagine cranking a little handle and hearing a soft melody play, as the sense of excitement builds with each turn. This is where our journey into the magical realm of these cherished playthings begins. Their roots stretch back to the 14th century, where they first appeared as a simple wooden box in medieval times. Artisans, skilled in crafting with wood and metal, would intricately carve and construct these boxes, carefully placing a spring inside to surprise an unsuspecting opener.
By the 16th century, they had become popular among the nobility, often used as a humorous way to delight guests. The design was straightforward: a crank to wind the spring, a hinged lid, and usually a clown or jester—symbols of humor and merriment—as the central figure that would pop out. These early iterations set the stage for all future designs, capturing hearts with their unexpectedness and charm. The craftsmanship required for these early toys reflected the creativity and skill of their makers who added not just surprise, but artistic value to each piece.
Cultural Impact and Folklore
The magic of a surprise toy leaping out has woven itself into the fabric of folklore around the world. These charming contraptions have not only been playthings for kids but also carved out a niche in storytelling and traditional myths. They were often associated with whimsy and mischief, encapsulating the unpredictable nature of life itself.
In various cultures, the concept of a sudden surprise has been linked to moral lessons or used as a metaphor for unexpected events. The tradition of these toys has also permeated holidays and celebrations, often becoming a staple gift and teaching tool, captivating the imaginations of both the young and the old.
The Mechanics Behind the Surprise
Have you ever wondered how that gleeful character manages to jump out at just the right moment? It's all thanks to the clever little mechanism tucked inside the box. A coiled sprint waits patiently, loaded with potential energy, until the moment the latch is released. When that happens, the energy is set free, sending our laughing friend into the air. Simple, yet ingenious, these toys capture the essence of anticipation and the unexpected in a way that's as captivating today as it was centuries ago.
Intricate Spring Systems
The secret behind every startle and giggle from these playful gadgets lies in their cleverly designed spring mechanisms. From the moment the handle starts to turn, a coiled spring inside begins to compress, storing up energy like a snoozing cat ready to pounce. Once the lid is unexpectedly flipped open, this pent-up power is released, and a charming character leaps forward, turning suspense into joyful surprise.
Experimentation and ingenuity have refined these mechanisms over the years, making them reliable and safe for kids of all ages. The design innovations within these systems mean that, even as the handle turns to play a merry tune, the timing of the pop is never quite predictable. This uncertainty is what keeps the anticipation thrilling, ensuring the laugh and smile are as genuine as the first time.
The evolution of these playful trinkets didn't stop with a simple box and a surprise figure. Inventors and toymakers have endlessly tinkered to bring new life to this classic pastime. From the materials used to the figures inside, every aspect has seen changes.
Initially crafted from wood and heavy metals, modern versions of this toy often make use of lightweight plastics and more resilient springs. These improvements not only make them safer for kids but also allow for a broader range of designs. Now, the excited faces of children can be greeted by an array of characters, from fairy tale figures to cartoon superheroes, each emerging with a flourish unique to their design.
Enchanting Variations Across Cultures
Dive into the fascinating world where playful surprises meet cultural expressions. From the highlands of Scotland to the bustling streets of Tokyo, these iconic treasures have been reimagined in countless ways. Delve into how different societies have embraced the quintessential spring-loaded box, giving it a unique twist that reflects their traditions and beliefs.
Global Interpretations and Designs
Around the world, these treasured playthings have taken on many forms, each reflecting its own regional flair. Far from their western origins, in places like Japan, you might find a Hariko no Tora, a papier-mâché tiger that pops out instead of the usual clown or jester. These versions not only embody the local artistry but also weave in elements of regional mythology and storytelling.
In Europe, variations of the classic plaything may stand out with intricate fairy tale characters, tailored to enchant the imaginations of its young audience. Hand-painted details and the use of traditional materials give these editions a unique touch that holds a special place in the hearts of locals. It's a testament to how a simple concept can cross borders, yet adapt so beautifully to its new surroundings.
Symbolism and Cultural Significance
The playful toy that pops out of a square container isn't just for laughs and giggles; it holds deeper meanings in different parts of the world. In some cultures, these toys are more than playthings, symbolizing surprise and the unexpected turns of life. For instance, in certain traditions, gifted at special occasions, it might represent good fortune and the joy of new beginnings.
Across continents, local versions come to life, often influenced by myths and tales unique to the region's heritage. In Europe, for example, figures of jesters or clowns tied to historical folklore are popular, while other regions might use characters from local legends or mascots symbolizing cultural values. Each variation offers a glimpse into the region's fabric, telling a story that transcends language and age, echoing the universal delight found in the element of surprise.
The Enduring Charms and Collector's Appeal
Beyond just a simple child's plaything, the classic pop-up gizmos hold a special place in the hearts of many. With a timeless allure, they evoke a sense of nostalgia and house a wealth of sentimental value. Collectors scour the globe for these gems, adding unique and rare finds to their troves and ensuring each one's story continues for generations to come.
Nostalgia and Sentimental Value
Feel that tug at your heartstrings when you see one of these classic playthings? That's nostalgia kicking in. The simple act of turning a crank to the tune of a merry melody until the surprise ending unfolds brings back waves of fond memories for many. It's often about recapturing the innocent bliss of childhood, a time when joy could be found in the simplest of things.
These toys are more than just playthings; they're capsules of history that remind us of days gone by. For adults, they represent a piece of their own past, a cherished memory, or a family tradition that's been handed down through generations. It's this emotional connection that coats every toy in a layer of sentimental value, turning them into beloved heirlooms.
Collectible Rarity and Market
The thrill of collecting isn't just about owning a piece of history; it's about capturing moments of pure, child-like joy. Some vintage jack-in-the-boxes are now considered rare treasures and can fetch a pretty penny at auctions and among collectors. The rarer a toy, the higher its potential worth, especially if it holds a significant place in the tapestry of playful history or boasts a unique design.
For enthusiasts, the market is a playground of pastime gems. From antique stores to online marketplaces, each hunt for these nostalgic playthings is as exciting as the surprise they once held inside. Whether it's a classic tin box or a hand-crafted wooden piece, these collectibles carry with them the echoes of laughter and the glint of bygone days.
Whether you remember the joy of your first jack in the box toy or are discovering their charm for the first time, these whimsical creations continue to bring a spark of delight to both children and the young at heart. With their rich history, enchanting mechanics, cultural variations, and enduring collector's appeal, jack in the box toys stand as timeless symbols of surprise and joy.


text:
"You are the result of the love of thousands" Linda Hogan (Chickasaw) _USER_ Cerrito Contemporary, Oakland, CA
During the month of July, people from the Bay Area and around the world participated into this project telling me:
-where they come from, or any place they feel more connected,
-poets/poems/writers from these places (or from anywhere around the world) that have touched them.
The above data was transformed into a drawing, a loose map, taking over the front gallery of Chandra Cerrito Contemporary. After research, coordinates of the given places along with poems/quotes from the authors were written on the walls. Numbers, letters, lines, and dots created a universe alongside with hanging sculptures which physically manifested the connections between places and people as diverse materials gathered from my trips around the world were used.
Seen here: part of the wall drawing with sculptures made of wires, found threads and strings.
Photo by Takako Matoba


OBSERVE LIFE You look around, taking note of all the signs of life nearby. Sylvan looks around, a serene expression on his face.
(creatures present)
You look around, and can't help but focus on the creatures nearby. Sylvan looks around, a disturbed expression on his face.
OBSERVE QUICK You quickly scan your surroundings, taking keen note of the flora and fauna in the area. Sylvan glances around, his eyes falling briefly on each aspect of his surroundings.
OBSERVE SLOW You observe your surroundings very slowly, not wanting to miss a single detail. Sylvan observes his surroundings with an almost excruciating slowness.
OBSERVE GROUND (outside) You observe the ground, searching for tracks. Sylvan observes the ground closely for tracks.
OBSERVE GROUND (inside) You examine the ground in a futile search for tracks. Sylvan observes the ground closely, but doesn't seem to find anything of use.
OBSERVE SKY (daytime) You look up at the sky, taking note of the position of the sun. Sylvan looks up toward the sun.
OBSERVE SKY (nighttime) Your eyes scan the heavens, reading stories in the stars. Sylvan's eyes scan the heavens.
OBSERVE SKY (inside) You look up, but are unable to see the sky from in here. Sylvan looks up, as though searching for something.
OBSERVE AIR You observe every detail of the air, from its scent to its direction to its ambient temperature. Sylvan pauses in an observational trance.
(forested terrain)
You observe the comfortingly natural feel of your environment. Sylvan relaxes as he observes his environment.
(treeless terrain)
You observe the details of your environment and do your best to adapt. Sylvan observes his environment carefully.
(in town)
You observe the inherently foreign nature of your environment. Sylvan appears uncomfortable as he observes his environment.
OBSERVE ESCAPE You look around for possible escape routes. Sylvan looks around nervously, ready to bolt.
Sylvans - edit
Races - edit


text:
Implement Automated Assembly Lines Faster with SDS, PC-Based Controls
The Smart Distributed System (SDS) offers companies that implement automated assembly lines the opportunity to cost-effectively respond to high-growth opportunities and quickly changing market conditions. Companies in dynamic businesses are continuously faced with changing capacity, and with ensuring that their existing facilities are flexible and cost-effective. These companies need to continually improve the information available from their assembly lines, and have pertinent data available throughout their business systems. Once a system is installed it also becomes critical to detect and remedy problems quickly.
This white paper describes how "Smart" control systems based on SDS and personal computers (PC) decrease design and installation costs, reduce operating costs and allow the use of an assembly line sooner than was previously possible. It explains the SDS architecture and describes some of the components that make up a Smart System. The paper closes with real-world examples.
Why Use a Smart System?
A Smart System, as described herein, is one that uses a personal computer (PC) and the SDS as the control architecture. This is in contrast to using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and wiring the components to input and output cards on the PLC. Figure 1 depicts the change that is occurring in the market for automation systems.
Smart Systems provide a number of benefits, including lower design costs, reduced installation costs and easier troubleshooting.
While smart components cost more than standard ones, the savings gained during installation outweigh the increased hardware cost. The total installed cost of Smart Systems is often 20%-30% less than traditional PLC-based systems. The majority of the savings are a result of the speed in which a Smart System can be commissioned, resulting in significantly lower installation costs.
Using a PC running the Windows NT operating system also makes it easier to connect an assembly line to a plant-wide network using industry standard protocols and interfaces, such as Ethernet and Microsoft networking. Design costs are reduced because the documentation requirements are less for a Smart System. In a PLC-based system each wire must be documented as to its wire number and termination, resulting in several pages of wiring diagrams. Smart System documentation typically includes a layout drawing for each bus in a system. These drawings show the location of each device on the bus. In many cases, the documentation requirements are cut in half.
Rapid deployment results in two more benefits: use of the assembly line and a faster return on the investment. In most businesses, being able to use an assembly line a few weeks earlier can have a notable impact on financial results, particularly if a company is in need of capacity. Anytime an investment can generate cash flow sooner it has a positive financial effect.
After a Smart System is installed it continues to provide benefits to the user. The savings incurred during installation apply when changing and/or adding to a line. Adding workstations, reconfiguring a transfer or extending the line take less time with a Smart System.
When a problem does occur during operation, Smart Systems make it easier to locate the problem. Smart components are equipped with diagnostics, and the PC controller has the ability to report them, including whether a device is missing. Knowing the exact location of a component that is having a problem can reduce troubleshooting to a quick glance at a monitor.
SDS…The Basis for Smart Systems
SDS is a robust component-level network that allows industrial devices to be connected on a single cable instead of running individual control wires to each device.
The SDS specification was created in 1992 by Honeywell's Sensing and Control division, a leading supplier of sensors and switches in the industrial market, and is open to anyone who wishes to develop SDS-compatible products. Because the SDS specification is open it has been widely applied.
The definition of a component in SDS is flexible. It can be as simple as a limit switch, and as complex as an adjustable frequency drive or bar code scanner. There are even companies using SDS to communicate with distributed embedded computers doing dedicated control tasks.
Using Smart components—instead of wiring standard control devices to an I/O block or card—provides a number of important benefits, both during installation and after a line has been commissioned.
Reduced Design Costs
One objective when implementing a Smart System is to eliminate terminations of wires. Documentation of the electrical system can be reduced to a single-line drawing that shows where a bus runs and the component locations. The volume of documentation is roughly half of a typical PLC-based system, and the time required to generate the electrical drawings is one-third.
The most obvious savings during installation is the reduced wiring cost, including labor and the wire itself. In comparison, an installation of 64 sensors in a PLC-based system means the 64 sensors would require 66 wires (2 for power and 64 signal lines) of varying run lengths Each wire needs to land on a terminal block, requiring someone to strip the wire, label it and insert it in a terminal. This also requires each termination to be documented.
Installing Smart sensors requires giving a device an address and attaching it to the bus. Since quick-connect cables are typically used, there are not be any wiring connections required, depending on the components used. Each cable is typically labeled with its address on the bus.
Not as obvious, yet potentially much more financially rewarding, is the speed in which a Smart System can be installed. If a manufacturer is in need of capacity, getting to use a line quickly can result in millions of dollars in shipped product. This benefit often far outweighs the cost savings incurred during the actual installation.
Rapid deployment also means a company's investment can begin generating positive cash flows sooner.
The benefits of a Smart System don't end at installation. Reduced downtime, changes and additions to the line, and the ease which real-time production information can be communicated throughout the facility improve the value of a Smart System.
Downtime is reduced through a set of easy-to-use diagnostics. When using a PC with Think & Do Software, the health of the SDS network and the components on the network can be presented in an easy-to-understand format. If a component is missing from the bus, or has an internal error, the HMI can be configured to display the error. This eliminates endless hours of identifying where a problem resides, allowing a system to be brought back online quickly.
The design and installation savings apply when making changes to the system. It is just as simple to add components to a system as it is to initially install them.
Because Smart Systems are based on a PC, connecting the control system to the plant information system is straightforward. Think & Do Software includes servers for OLE for Process Control (OPC) and Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). Think & Do also conforms with the Microsoft Distributed Component Object Modeling (DCOM) specification. By following several standards, Think & Do provides one of the simplest platforms for connectivity available on the market today.


text:
Orange Marmalade II
Recipe type: Marmalade
- 12 Seville Oranges
- 2 lemons
- 5.5kg (12 lb) sugar
- 7l (12 pints) of water
- Peel the lemons and the oranges.
- Slice the peel as thinly as possible and place in a large bowl.
- Pulp the flesh of the oranges and lemons, and remove the pips.
- Add the mashed fruit to the large bowl.
- Add 6.5l (11½ pints) of the water, and leave the bowl to stand for 24 hours.
- Pour the remaining 500ml (1/2 pint) of water into a small bowl and add all the pips from the fruit. Leave this for 24 hours too.
- Strain the water and pips through a muslin bag, keeping the water and adding it to the bowl containing the fruit.
- Pour the fruit mix into a preserving pan and boil until the peel is really tender - about 2 to 3 hours.
- Add the sugar whilst constantly stirring and bring to the boil.
- Cook on a rolling boil until the juice becomes clear and glossy, and a test sample of the marmalade will set.
- Pour into jars and seal.
To make the marmalade more bitter crush the pips before adding to the water. Hitting them with a hammer works well.


text:
HomePlug Powerline Alliance
This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Purpose||Promotion of HomePlug|
The HomePlug Powerline Alliance is a trade association of electronics manufacturers, service providers, and retailers that establishes standards for, and tests members' devices for compliance to, the various power line communication technologies known as HomePlug.
The alliance developed standards for applications such as in-home distribution of TV, gaming and Internet access. It also developed a specification for smart power meters and in-home communications between electric systems and appliances. The alliance tests for interoperability and certifies products based on HomePlug specifications and IEEE 1901 standards.
On 18 October 2016, the HomePlug Alliance announced that all of its specifications would be put into the public domain and that other organizations would be taking on future activities relating to deployment of the existing technologies. There was no mention in the announcement of any further technology development within the HomePlug community.
Founded in 2000, the HomePlug Powerline Alliance's goal was to create a standard to use existing home electrical wiring to communicate between products and connect to the Internet. The Alliance evaluated several technologies and proposals and subsequently developed, approved and published the HomePlug 1.0 specification in June 2001. In 2005 it published the HomePlug AV specification, which increased physical layer peak data rates from 14 to 200 Mbit/s. It approved and published the HomePlug Command and Control specification in 2007 and the HomePlug Green PHY specification in June 2010. The organization has 69 members and has certified over 200 products in 2010.
- "HomePlug® Powerline Alliance Announces Milestones on 10th Anniversary As Powerline Technology Leader". March 22, 2010. Archived from the original on June 9, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-07. Retrieved 2017-01-06.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Frequently Asked Questions, HomePlug Powerline Alliance, accessed June 22, 2010". Archived from the original on March 31, 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
- HomePlug Powerline Alliance Inc. HomePlug AV White Paper. Program documentation. HomePlug. Web


text:
Mars Colonization Designs
With the increasing interest in the colonization of Mars,
I thought it would be cool to create a series of designs for future Mars colonists.
While scientists, engineers and pilots may form the initial Mars explorers,
a growing colony will eventually need many other professions.
Click on the image below to see versions of these designs available for over 30 occupations.
Available on Apparel, Mugs, and Other Great Products
Great gift ideas for those who wish they were practicing their trade or profession in a more interesting place!
Detail of Space Shuttle print.
Space Shuttle Missions Print
With the recent conclusion of the space shuttle program, I thought I would create a graphic representing all 135 launches.
Seeing a graphic like this really conveys the scope of the space shuttle program. Despite its problems, the shuttle was a superbly capable low Earth orbit spacecraft. The shuttle, able to transport some of the largest payloads while supporting a crew on missions lasting several weeks, served as the backbone of Americas human spaceflight effort for 30 years.
This illustration has graphics representing all 135 shuttle missions. The flight designation is given for each mission. Included are the words "135 Space Shuttle Launches" and "_PHONE_".
The artwork is available in several formats, including a framed print and a 23" x 35" poster.
Detail of orbital missions print.
U.S. Crewed Orbital Missions Print
This design features graphics of all American orbital manned launches flown between 1962 and 2011. Included are 4 Mercury, 10 Gemini, 15 Apollo, and 135 space shuttle missions.
Included are the words "The First 50 Years of American Orbital Launches".
The artwork is available in several formats, including two sizes of framed prints and as a 23" x 35" poster. The prints can be purchased at the Historic Spacecraft Store.
Proceeds from the sale of these prints helps pay for bandwidth and content development at Historic Spacecraft.
Titan Rocket Poster
I've had many requests over the years to make more of my artwork available for purchase in poster format.
I recently added a Titan rockets poster to the
Historic Spacecraft Store at CafePress.
The poster includes 15 Titan missiles and space launchers and is available in three styles,
a poster, a framed print, and a banner.
Many Designs to Choose From
Proceeds from the sale of these products help support HistoricSpacecraft.com.
Space Shuttle Mugs
Space Station Mugs
Project Apollo Mugs
Space Probe Mugs
Future Space Activities Mugs
The following designs do not reflect current or past space activities, rather, they represent future endeavors. The future many of us want to see. A future with an industrialized and colonized solar system. A future where humanity is harvesting solar system resources and expanding into the universe. A future where space travel is routine, were students can attend universities on the Moon or Mars, a future where lunar mining and engineering is taking place on a grand scale.
More Than Just Mugs
The designs featured on this page are also available on an array of apparel products, including t-shirts, sweatshirts, baseball jerseys, hoodies, golf shirts and aprons. Clothing is available in both men's and women's sizes.


text:
The Wide World of Research
Recent Brandeis research projects include:
- an on-campus survey exploring the social meanings of the iPod
- a series of painted portraits of TYP alums, exploring identity and the history of portraiture
- biology research exploring the memory of fruit flies and how this affects mating behavior
- research and performance of a medieval liturgical song cycle
- a study of Dostoevsky's notebooks, investigating his approach to writing novels
- a study of how children perceive emotions in different genres of music
- research into the concerns of Sudanese refugee women living in Massachusetts
- design of an interdisciplinary course encompassing neuroscience and philosophy
Like Academic Fellowships at Brandeis University on Facebook!
An Introduction to Academic Fellowships
Fellowships provide support for students to develop their academic interests further. Often, this includes working closely with a faculty mentor on both the design of a project and the process of carrying it out. The Office of Academic Services can help guide you through the necessary steps in applying for a fellowship: from building your connections to faculty, to refining your initial ideas, all the way through the various stages of writing your proposal.
Fellowships are available to all students, and we encourage you to explore the options. Many fellowships are devoted to funding students with good ideas, and therefore many factors are taken into account other than GPA in order to qualify. Students often report that getting the chance to do their own research with a mentor has transformed their education, allowing them the chance to discover their own abilities.
As you can see by the few examples listed here of recent projects, there are no constraints based on discipline or field of study. We welcome students to investigate fellowship opportunities in all areas of study here at Brandeis: arts, sciences, social sciences, and all their various combinations.


With the increasing tendency of information technology (IT) applications, knowledge integration in organization has emerged as an important research topic for both practitioners and researchers, reflecting the magnitude and impact of knowledge resource in distributed environments. Practically, data, information, and knowledge are transmitted via various media, and integration capability is the antecedent of knowledge integration in organizations. However, few literatures research knowledge integration from the comprehensive perspective of transmission media and integration capability. As a complement to previous research, this study proposes a comprehensive theoretical model of knowledge integration (KIM) by incorporating valuable perspectives of media characteristics and organizational capability. This research model provides a new lens for knowledge integration based on transmission media in organizations by integrating relevant research streams. Furthermore, this robust and new model, which has been applied to a knowledge integration practice of e-commerce platform, can be used to explain the most knowledge integration phenomenon in contemporary society.


Website review by Marianne Rogowski, Common Sense Education | Updated April 2019
VJS Junior
Get kids excited about careers with videos and interactive animation
Learning rating
Community rating
Not yet reviewed Write a review
Privacy rating
Not yet rated Expert evaluation by Common Sense
Subjects & Skills
Character & SEL, Critical Thinking, College & Career Prep
Take a look inside
8 images
Pros: Easy-to-use interdisciplinary site features multiple accessibility features and diverse characters.
Cons: While it's rich with resources, the lessons largely keep students in the role of a passive learner.
Bottom Line: This video-heavy platform is best used as a supplementary activity to get students to explore their interests and related vocations.
Kids love talking about what they want to be when they grow up, but many kids dream of similar careers: firefighter, veterinarian, doctor, professional athlete, and other popular choices. VJS Junior will help you get kids thinking about their role in the future by encouraging them to explore their passions and develop their interests while they're young.
Use the interest survey to discover values, passions, and preferences. Once students have their results, assign personalized lessons to guide student learning about career opportunities they might never have even considered. Then, help students think about perseverance as they work through the animated lessons and accompanying puzzles and activities. Follow up with lots of sharing with peers as well as other classroom activities: Guide them through the possibilities that exist now and challenge their creative minds to think of careers that have yet to be invented.
Continue reading Show less
VJS Junior is a career and interest exploration website that relies on animation, video, and interactive activities to introduce students to different career paths. A primary school precursor to VirtualJobShadow, this site has lessons and activities geared toward grades K-2 or 3-5. The student dashboard contains assignments in the form of interest surveys and job-specific information. Depending on what the teacher assigns, kids work through two main components: lessons and Career Central. Once students take an initial, emoji-based interest survey, they'll get a list of potential career fields that match their interests. From those, they work through a list of video lessons about jobs related to that field. Videos feature professionals and those they serve. For example, a video about being a guidance counselor features both the counselors and their students.
The platform is heavy on video, some of which may start to feel repetitive, and although there are interactive activities in between, some are simple vocabulary or matching activities, which may fail to inspire students. The built-in career journal might be a useful tool for kids who want to take notes about a certain job, but it, too, can quickly get repetitive. This will be especially true if teachers over-assign lessons to students without much context or discussion in between. For this tool to be truly effective, it's best used as a supplement to career exploration activities over time.
VJS Junior provides teachers a cool way to show students career paths they might not otherwise consider. Plus, lesson activities on topics such as perseverance and collaboration give kids opportunities to think about these skills as separate from their everyday classroom experience. The interest survey, at 85 questions, could be pared down a bit, especially since there are likely questions that students won't know the answers to. For instance, responses to some questions, such as whether or not you like putting furniture together, might be skewed, since kids, especially younger students, may lack the breadth of experience to know whether or not they enjoy doing something.
The videos are engaging, informative, and short enough to keep most students' attention as long as they're not asked to complete multiple lessons in one sitting. However, the overall dependence on text and video may cause some to check out. And students who aren't particularly interested in a particular profession might become frustrated in having to complete an entire lesson on it. Simulation-type games would be a great addition in either case; they would offer a more engaging, hands-on experience that could really amp up kids' excitement, even if the career field itself seems uninteresting at first.
Overall Rating
With a mix of animation, videos, and short interactive activities, it's a helpful introduction to career paths that may spark conversation and excitement.
There's a ton of useful information and opportunities to learn about different careers, as long as teachers don't over-rely on the tool as a form of busywork.
Videos come with closed captioning and screen readers for students who need the support, but there's no way to move ahead for students who would prefer more of a challenge.
Common Sense reviewer
Marianne Rogowski Instructional Technology Facilitator
Community Rating
Add your rating
Privacy Rating


text:
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's Office of Energy Projects staff have reviewed Clark Canyon Hydro LLC's application for a license for the proposed Clark Canyon Dam Hydroelectric Project, to be located at the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Clark Canyon Dam on the Beaverhead River near the city of Dillon, Beaverhead County, Montana.
FERC on June 23 put out for comment for 30 days an environmental assessment (EA) analyzing the potential environmental impacts of the project. The EA concludes that constructing and operating the project, with appropriate environmental protective measures, would not constitute a major federal action that would significantly affect the quality of the human environment.
On Nov. 23, 2015, Clark Canyon Hydro filed an application to construct and operate the 4.7-MW Clark Canyon Dam Hydroelectric Project. The proposed project would occupy a total of 62.3 acres of federal land managed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management.
Reclamation's Clark Canyon Dam and Reservoir is a flood control and water conservation facility located at the head of the Beaverhead River in southwestern Montana. Clark Canyon Dam was completed in 1964 as part of Reclamation's PickSloan Missouri River Basin Program, East Bench Unit. It is managed to provide irrigation storage, flood control, and recreation opportunities.
The proposed Clark Canyon Dam Hydroelectric Project would use the existing dam, reservoir, intake and outlet works, and stilling basin. The proposed project would involve the installation of a new 360-foot long, 8-foot diameter steel lining within Reclamation's outlet works from the existing gate chamber to the stilling basin. At the river end of the liner, a trifurcation would separate flows into two 8-foot-diameter, 35- foot-long steel penstocks leading to a new powerhouse and a new 10-foot long, 8-foot diameter steel outlet pipe that would discharge into the stilling basin through a fixed cone valve.
The 46-foot by 65-foot concrete powerhouse would be located at the toe of the dam adjacent to the stilling basin and contain two 2.35-MW vertical Francis-type turbine/generator units, for a total installed capacity of 4.7 MW.
The project would operate in a run-of-release mode, meaning the project would operate only using flows made available by Reclamation in accordance with its standard practices and procedures; thus project operation would not affect storage or reservoir levels. The project would be operated automatically, but an operator would be on site daily. Power generation would be seasonally dictated by Reclamation's operations. The proposed project would generate up to 15,400 megawatt-hours (MWh) annually.
The project includes a 4.16-kV buried transmission line from the powerhouse to a substation containing step-up transformers and switchgear located 1,100 feet downstream of the powerhouse, and a 7.9-mile-long, 69-kV overhead transmission line extending from the substation to the Peterson Flat substation (the point of interconnection).


text:
The Federation of Egalitarian Communities
The Federation of Egalitarian Communities is a network of communes spread across North America. We range in size and emphasis from small agricultural homesteads to village-like communities to urban group houses.
Each of the Federation communities:
- Holds its land, labor, income and other resources in common.
- Assumes responsibility for the needs of its members, receiving the products of their labor and distributing these and all other goods equally, or according to need.
- Practices non-violence
- Uses a form of decision making in which members have an equal opportunity to participate, either through consensus, direct vote or right of appeal or overrule.
- Works to establish the equality of all people and does not permit discrimination on the basis of race, class, creed, ethnic origin, age, sex or sexual orientation.
- Acts to conserve natural resources for present and future generations while striving to continually improve ecological awareness and practice.
- Creates processes for group communication and participation and provides an environment which supports people's development

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The European Marine Biological Research Infrastructure Cluster (EMBRIC) is designed to accelerate the pace of scientific discovery and innovation from marine Bio-Resources. EMBRIC aims to promote new applications derived from marine organisms in fields such as drug discovery, novel foods and food ingredients, aquaculture selective breeding, bioremediation, cosmetics and bioenergy.
- By conducting a comprehensive survey of available resources and techniques, EMBRIC will develop new pipelines and new industry standards.
- By interconnecting science, industry and policy, EMBRIC will defragment regional research, development and innovation policies.
- By implementing joint academia-industry development activities, EMBRIC will allow industry to directly integrate results and protocols in commercial processes.
- By developing best practices and integrated training programs, EMBRIC will accelerate the pace of scientific discovery and innovation.
- By connecting 6 existing European Research Infrastructures and 27 partners from Academia, Research institutes, non-for-profit organizations and industry, EMBRIC will facilitate technology transfer, knowledge transfer and transnational access.
In general, EMBRIC will provide a long-term integrated cluster approach to promote the Blue Bio-Economy.


text:
Is 2 John the shortest book in the Bible?
II John has the fewest number of verses (13) of any book in the Bible – it is the shortest book (by verse) in the Bible, consisting of 298 words.
What is the shortest chapter in the KJV Bible?
Psalm 117, the shortest chapter, is also the middle chapter of the Bible, being the 595th Chapter.
Is Ruth the shortest book in the Bible?
The Book of Ruth (meaning pity or compassion) is the eighth book of the Old Testament (Christian), and the Tanakh (Jewish). It is one of the shortest books in both the Jewish and Christian holy books, consisting of only four chapters.
What is the second shortest Bible verse?
"Jesus Wept," John 11:35 is the shortest in English, "Rejoice Always" Thessalonians 5:16 is second, and Pray Without Ceasing, Thessalonians 5:17 is the third.
Who is the chosen lady in 2 John?
Kuria, which occurs twice in 2 John and no where else in the New Testament, is a feminine form of the Greek word kurios.
What is the shortest book in the Holy Bible?
The text consists of a single chapter, divided into 21 verses, making it the shortest book in the Hebrew Bible.
Book of Obadiah.
Is Psalm 118 the middle of the Bible?
Psalm 118 is the 118th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: because his mercy endureth for ever." The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament.
What is the middle word in the Bible?
The word Jehovah occurs 6,855 times. The middle book of the Old Testament is Proverbs. The middle chapter is Job XXIX. The middle verse is 2nd Chronicles, chap.
What is the longest prayer in the Bible?
John 17:1–26 is generally known as the Farewell Prayer or the High Priestly Prayer, given that it is an intercession for the coming Church. It is by far the longest prayer of Jesus in any of the gospels.
Who was Obadiah's wife?
According to 1 Kings 18:4, Obadiah hid a hundred prophets of God in two caves, fifty in each, to protect them from Jezebel, Ahab's wife.
Who wrote majority of the Bible?
Traditionally, 13 of the 27 books of the New Testament were attributed to Paul the Apostle, who famously converted to Christianity after meeting Jesus on the road to Damascus and wrote a series of letters that helped spread the faith throughout the Mediterranean world.
What book in the Bible has the smallest shortest chapter?
Consisting of only two verses, Psalm 117 is the shortest psalm and also the shortest chapter in the whole Bible. In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate version of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 116.
What is the shortest verse in Matthew?
Matthew 5:18 is the eighteenth verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. Jesus has just reported that he came not to destroy the law, but fulfil it.
Who is the oldest man mentioned in the Bible?
According to the chronology of the Bible, Methuselah died one week before the Great flood; He was also the oldest of all the figures mentioned in the Bible. Methuselah is mentioned once in the Hebrew Bible outside of Genesis; in 1 Chronicles 1:3, he is mentioned in a genealogy of Saul.
How many books are in the Bible?
Current English Bible consists of 66 books in the Bible contains a total of 72 books 73. Were written within a lifetime of the Christian Bible is the odd one out | 29 | 37 which…


text:
Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
DAMP is similar to MBD (Minimal Brain Dysfunction), a concept that was formulated in the 1960s. Both concepts are related to certain psychiatric conditions, such as hyperactivity. The concept of MBD was strongly criticised by Sir Michael Rutter [Gillberg, 2003, p.904] and several others researchers, and this led to its abandonment in the 1980s. At the same time, research showed that something similar was needed. One alternative concept was ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Gillberg proposed another alternative: DAMP. Gillberg's concept was formulated in the early 1980s, and the term itself was introduced in a paper that Gillberg published in 1986 (see Gillberg ). (DAMP is essentially MBD without the etiological assumptions.)
The concept of DAMP met with considerable criticism. For example, Sir Michael Rutter stated that the concept of DAMP (unlike ADHD) was "muddled" and "lacks both internal coherence and external discriminative validity... it has no demonstrated treatment or prognostic implications"; he concluded that the concept should be abandoned. Another example is the criticism of Per-Anders Rydelius, Professor of Child Psychiatry at the Karolinska Institute, who argued that the definition of DAMP was too vague: "the borderline between DAMP and conduct disorders [is] unclear... the borderline between DAMP and ADHD [is] unclear"; he concluded that "the concept is in need of revision". And in 2000, Eva Kärfve, a sociologist at the University of Lund, published a book which argued that Gillberg's work on DAMP should be rejected.
Perhaps the strongest criticism of DAMP is that Gillberg and his co-workers in Gothenburg are almost the only people doing research on DAMP. Indeed, in a review of DAMP published by Gillberg in 2003, it was noted that there were only "about 50" research papers that had been published on DAMP and that the "vast majority of these have either originated in the author's own clinical and research setting or have been supervised and/or co-authored by him" [Gillberg, 2003, p.904]. This is in contrast to ADHD, on which "several thousand papers" had been published [Gillberg, 2003, p.905]. As far as clinical practice goes, DAMP has been primarily accepted only in Gillberg's native Sweden and in Denmark [Gillberg, 2003, p.904], and even in those countries acceptance is mixed.
In 2003, Gillberg revised his definition of DAMP. The new definition is as follows: (a) ADHD as defined in DSM-IV; (b) DCD (Developmental Coordination Disorder) as defined in DSM-IV; (c) condition not better accounted for by cerebral palsy; and (d) IQ should be higher than about 50 [Gillberg, 2003: box 1]. (In the WHO system, this would be a hyperkinetic disorder combined with a developmental disorder of motor function.) About half of children with ADHD are believed to also have DCD [Gillberg, 2003; Martin et al., 2006].
Strong criticism of DAMP, however, has continued. In particular, it has been observed that "the validity and utility of DAMP will remain unclear until stronger evidence of the special status of the overlap between its constituent disorders is provided."
In 2005, there was an hour-long television program broadcast on Swedish TV, questioning why Sweden, almost alone in the world, would accept the DAMP construct. The program featured critical commentary from Sir Michael Rutter. It also considered some of the controversies over Gillberg's Gothenburg study.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rydelius, 2000
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Sonuga-Barke, 2003
- ↑ Gallup et al., 2005
- ↑ Kärfve, 2000
- ↑ Martin et al., 2006
- ↑ Rasmussen, 2003
- ↑ Andersson, 2004
- ↑ Bagge, 2005
- Andersson, Emelie (2004), Debatten om DAMP: En kontroversstudie (University of Stockholm). [In Swedish]
- Bagge, Peter (5 July 2005), "Forskarstrid: DAMP ifrågasätts från fler än ett håll", Sveriges Television. (Summary of televised show, in Swedish.)
- Gallup, Raymond; Miller, Clifford G.; Elinder, Leif R.; Brante, Thomas; Kärfve, Eva; Josephson, Staffan (July 2005), "Rapid Responses", British Medical Journal.
- Gillberg, Christopher (1986). Attention deficit disorder: diagnosis, prevalence, management and outcome. Pediatrician 13: 108-118.
- Gillberg, Christopher (2003). Deficits in attention, motor control, and perception: a brief review. Archives of Disease in Childhood 88: 904-910.
- Kärfve, Eva (2000), Hjärnspöken: DAMP och hotet mor folkhälsan, Stockholm: Brutus Östlings Bokförlag. [In Swedish.]
- Martin, Neilson C., Piek Jan P., Hay, David (February 2006). DCD and ADHD: A genetic study of their shared aetiology. Human Movement Science 25 (1): 110–124. ISSN 0167-9457.
- Rasmussen N.H. (17 November 2003), "Deficits in attention, motor control, and perception: a brief review", Archives of Disease in Childhood eLetters.
- Rydelius P.-A. (2000), "DAMP and MBD versus AD/HD and hyperkinetic disorders", Acta Pædiatrica, 89: 266–268.
- Sonuga-Barke E.J.S. (2003), "On the Intersection Between AD/HD and DCD: The DAMP Hypothesis", Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 8 (3): 114–116.
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


text:
With Isaac poised to make landfall in the same areas of the Gulf Coast struck by Hurricane Katrina seven years ago, the American Red Cross has a series of tips for families and individuals in the region that may experience anxiety about the storm and anniversary.
"The combination of the approaching storm and Katrina anniversary will likely cause increased fear and unease for residents in New Orleans and along coastal communities as people relive difficult emotions," said Rob Yin, manager of disaster mental health, American Red Cross. "It's important that people remember to take care of themselves and make appropriate disaster preparations to stay safe which can also help to reduce stress. Don't forget to reach out to others to offer or get help if you need it."
Across multiple states along the Gulf, the Red Cross has launched a large disaster response as Isaac affects millions of lives with strong winds, heavy rain, flooding and coastal surges. Last night, nearly 800 people found a safe haven in 52 shelters open in five states. In addition, the Red Cross has mobilized 2,400 disaster workers, prepositioned 290,000 ready-to-eat meals and activated 187 emergency response vehicles from across the country to help. The Red Cross is also coordinating with multiple partners including a variety of civic groups, advocacy organizations, professional organizations and houses of worship to share their expertise and volunteers.
The Red Cross recommends that people be mindful that community members and disaster workers could experience anniversary reactions now or in the near future. Reactions can range from a mild upset for a day or two, to a stronger version with anxiety or depression. Most people will feel better within a week or two after the anniversary date as stress responses usually become less frequent and less severe over time.
Anniversary reactions could include:
- Experiencing similar feelings and thoughts that occurred during the event like sadness, fearfulness or uncertainty;
- Feeling the need to avoid events, places or people that are connected to the anniversary;
- Feeling nervous, on edge, jumpy or quick to anger;
- Difficulty sleeping, focusing or concentrating;
- Experiencing fatigue, pain, headaches or stomachaches; and
The following actions can help families and individuals cope with anniversary stress reactions:
- Stay informed and be prepared. If in the potential path of an approaching storm, pay attention to information and warnings from local authorities.
- Eat healthy. During times of stress it is important to maintain a balanced diet and drink plenty of water;
- Get some rest. Giving your mind and body a break can help you cope with stress;
- Stay connected with family and friends. Giving and receiving support is one of the most important things you can do;
- Be patient with yourself and those around you. Recognize that people may need time to put their feelings and thoughts in order;
- Stay positive. Remind yourself how you've successfully coped with stress in the past. Reach out when you need support, and help others when they need it.
- Reach out to a Red Cross Disaster Mental Health or community mental health professional for support, if the actions above don't help or to get more support. You can also contact the 24 hour National Disaster Distress Hotline at _PHONE_.
Isaac is predicted to trigger a large and prolonged disaster response with major flooding across several states. You can help the victims of Tropical Storm Isaac and other disaster events in Louisiana by making a financial gift to American Red Cross. Your gift enables the Red Cross to prepare for and provide shelter, food, emotional support and other assistance in response to disasters. People can call, click or text to donate by visiting _URL_, calling 1-800-RED CROSS (_PHONE_) or texting REDCROSS to 90999 to make a $10 donation.


Encoder Front Page
SRS Home | Front Page | Monthly Issue | Index
Google
Search WWW Search seattlerobotics.org
First Steps: Using B32's Interrupts IRQ and XIRQ
Doug Leppard (_EMAIL_ )
Benjamin Leppard (_EMAIL_)
Author's note:
This is the seventh in a series of articles outlining the steps I have taken to build my robot. These articles are focused on a robot that may compete in the Fire Fighting contest, be able to roam around the house, but mostly be a fun learning tool. The 68HC912B32 is the processor, so these articles will be on interfacing to the B32 various mechanical devices and sensors using SBasic as the programming language.
Previous articles:
"Setting the Stage for Building a Robot," we set goals for the robot and did research. From the goals and research we will make fundamental decisions on what our robot will be like.
"Choosing the CPU, Language and Basic Shape," using our goals we choose what microprocessor, language and what the fundamental shape of the robot.
"Motorola's S-Record" looking at the S-Record format that Motorola uses to load data and programs.
"Booting up the 68HC912B32 for the first time" described in detail how to boot the B32 up and run a program.
"State of the Union" gives an overview of what state the robot was in August 1999.
"Multiplexing Five Sonar Modules" goes into how to and the reasons of putting five Polaroid sonar transducers and wiring them together.
"Drivers for Sonar & Mapping" shows the software to drive the sonar units, and how it can map a room when tied to a PC.
Background
One subject that I have not written on is wheels and wheel encoders. I had planned on this being one of my first articles, I avoided this because I was always frustrated with my robot's wheels, but really mostly with my wheel encoders. So I decided to change my robot's wheels and buy motors with built in encoders. The previous wheels worked quite well, but the wheel encoders were touchy and not very accurate. They had only 24 segments and were not even in their spacing. I tried and tried to make it work but decided a total redesign was in order. Not unusual in robotics.
Connecting the encoders
I did a search on the net and sifted through many sites that led me to buying a pair of Pittman motors with built in wheel encoders. The motor is part of their 9000 series (9234). The motor encoders were very easy to connect. All that was needed was to connect to the ground, Vcc (5V) and the signal lead gave a perfect square wave signal when the wheel was moving. You can connect the encoders directly into a MCU port without signal conditioning.
The encoders put out 2,950 clicks per shaft revolution which is a lot of accuracy. This is over 100 times more than my previous wheels. The encoders clicks were operating in the sub mili-second timing. Therefore, it became apparent that hardware interrupts were needed to count the clicks from the encoders.
robotside300.jpg (33999 bytes) My robot Onesimus with its new wheels. You can see the large opening for the wheels where the larger wheel use to be. Click on picture for a larger view.
The antenna is connected to a Infowave radio modem for telemetry (hopefully a future article) and other board with gray cable going to it is V8600 voice board.
robotbottom300.jpg (29342 bytes) Bottom view with the new wheels and motors. Click on picture for a larger view.
The wheels are soft airplane wheels bought at the local hobby shop. They have great traction and are quiet. But being soft they will flatten out if left in one position for long. So I tend to store it sitting on its nose like this. The smaller castor wheels also are airplane wheels made of soft material which adds to the quietness.
Two line sensors are shown at the bottom of the picture.
Let me interrupt you to make an important announcement
If you have not worked with interrupts before I strongly recommend Kevin Ross article "Interrupts on the 68HC12". I had a basic understanding of interrupts before but Kevin's article helped me a lot especially from the perspective of the HC12 MCU.
IRQ and XIRQ
Studying the specs for the B32, it can be seen it has two hardware interrupts, IRQ and XIRQ,that would be useful for tracking the left and right wheel encoders. Searching the SRS web pages and specifically Kevin Ross articles, I realized nothing was written on these interrupts. Studying the Motorola data book on the B32, it didn't have enough information on these interrupts. So, I searched the Motorola site and eventually came across the document 68HC12B/D. Clicking on the name of the document will hopefully allow you to download the document. It is a big 4.3mb PDF file. But the good thing about that is I could search the document for IRQ to read all there was about the interrupts. It has a lot of great information in it.
I found out that the IRQ could be set up as edge triggered or level triggered interrupt and the XIRQ was level only. Edge triggered interrupt means that the interrupt is triggered on the edge of the signal and level sensitive interrupt is when the signal is a certain level, in this case low, it will cause an interrupt. They do this so that several lines can be tied together and the interrupt can be shared. Also, it often is used for power loss detection.
But for our case we need edge triggered and not level sensitive interrupts. I want to use both interrupts, one for each of the wheels. Therefore hardware will need to be added to the XIRQ interrupt to make it an edge triggered interrupt.
Making XIRQ edge triggered
I look in my junk boxes of ICs for a flip flop. I come across a 4013 dual D flip flop, any flip flop will work. A flip flop when it is triggered will turn on or off depending on how it is wired. I have wired it so that on the rising edge of the encoder signal, it turns on the flip flop and the Q not goes low. It doesn't matter if the flip flop is triggered by the rising or falling edge, as long as it is triggered. This signal is then fed into the XIRQ port (port E bit 1). Now the interrupt can be fired and we can know to count the encoder click. But the flip flop must be turned off so we use port A bit 0 and set it to high to reset the flip flop low again to be ready for the next cycle.
Since IRQ is edge triggered we don't have to worry about all this, it is done for us.
Table how 4013 flip flop is wired
4013 pin number Purpose of pin Comment
14 Vcc 5V
7 ground
9 data hooked to 5V. Pins 8 and 9 programs the flip flop to flip on when clocked.
8 set hooked to ground.
11 clock Encoder signal hooked to this pin. Encoder clocks the flip flop to on.
12 Q not Hooked to XIRQ port (portE bit 1). Q not goes low when flip flop clocked on.
10 reset Hooked to MCU output port (porta bit 0) to reset flip flop again.
Writing the software
Now we need to write some routines to make this work. When the B32 first comes on IRQ and XIRQ are set to level sensitive interrupts and the port is not connected to the interrupt circuitry. So this must be changed and also set XIRQ to a non-maskable interrupt.
At the very beginning of every program I run an initialization routine that sets things up. The very first thing I do is setup these interrupts. The following are some of the routines that are in the initialization routine that works with the interrupts.
 '------- set IRQ interrupt ----------
 'do immediately or may get hung up
 pokeb INTCR,%_PHONE_ 'Set IRQ bit 7 to 1 to cause IRQ to fire only falling edge not level sensitive
 'bit 6 connected to interrupt logic
Note this code must be done immediately or it will get hung up. Normally IRQ is level not edge interrupt, so once hooked up and the signal happens to be low, it will start firing over and over again and you will get hung up in that routine. By setting bit 7 of INTCR it will make IRQ edge triggered. Bit 6 connects the interrupts to the interrupt logic therefore turning them on and making them available to the MCU.
Next we want to reset the flip flop that is connected to the XIRQ. That is done below:
 '------- Port A setup ---------------------
 pokeb DDRA, %_PHONE_ 'set the port A bits for out and in
 'set bit 7 high for write, bit 6 high for normal output flow, bit 5 fan off
 'bit 0 reset 4013 for the XIRQ interrupt

 pokeb portA, %_PHONE_ 'reset 4013
 pokeb portA, %_PHONE_ 'now ready for being clocked

The first line sets portA for either input or output. Port A bit 1 makes it


text:
ESRC provides guidance on:
Postgraduate research collaboration
When postgraduate students, non-academic organisations and partners work together, they learn about each other's expertise, share knowledge and get an appreciation of different professional cultures.
The postgraduate collaboration section gives information and guidance on a range of collaboration opportunity ideas, and case study examples of students' experiences.
Make an impact with your research
These resources will help you maximise the impact of your research:
- the impact toolkit has guidance on topics including commercialising your research and effective media relations
- the LSE impact blog is a hub for researchers, students and anyone else who wants to maximise the real-world impact of their academic work.
More resources for PhD students
Use these resources to develop as you study:
- Vitae helps with the personal, professional and career development of postgraduate researchers and research staff
- Sense about Science helps people to make sense of science and evidence
- The Thesis Whisperer is a blog about doing a thesis and about how to find a job when you graduate
- innovative workshop plans for creative engagement are available from Ketso
- other sources of postgraduate funding.
Careers advice for post-graduates
Get help to develop your career and find the right job:
- University and College Union has a range of resources and information about continuing professional development
- jobs.ac.uk lists academic jobs and information about how you can find a job
- Prospects has advice and information to support graduates and postgraduates.
Last updated: 25 November 2022


text:
A review was undertaken of how climate change was mainstreamed in the County Integrated Development Plans (CIDPs) of Kenya's 47 County Governments. This review contributed to the development of recommendations of how to improve the mainstreaming of climate change in the 2017 CIDPs. This is particularly relevant with the enactment of the Climate Change Act, 2016, which requires that County Governments mainstream climate change actions and interventions in the their CIDPs (Section 19). This report shows that there is a readiness and an experience to build on to improve the integration of climate change in their new CIDPs.
This report first provides definitions and background on climate change, and then sets out an analysis of climate-relevant sectors, recognizing that climate change is a cross-cutting that that impacts on various sectors that are discussed in CIDPs. The report then reviews the climate change impacts identified in the 47 CIDPs, and identifies mitigation and adaptation priorities. The final section provides recommendations to improve mainstreaming in the 2017 CIDPs.


Endowment Building Programs FAQ
Categories: Free Guides, Library
Download this free guide to gain insights on:
Fill out this form to gain insights on Endowment Building Programs:
 - Hidden
 - Hidden
 - Hidden
 - What is an endowment?
 - Who gives to a nonprofit endowment?
 - Will endowment fundraising conflict with donors' current giving?
 - How are the assets of the nonprofit endowment managed and invested?
 - What happens if we have an emergency and need the principal in the endowment?
 - Should all nonprofit organizations have an endowment?
 - How does an endowment fit into an overall organizational financial plan?
 - What is an endowment building program?
 - How is the program designed?
 - How long does it take to design an endowment building program?
 - How much does it cost?
 - What results should we expect?
 - How do we pick a consulting firm?


text:
Definition: 'Diamond-shaped Murmur'
diamond-shaped murmurType: Term
1. a crescendo-decrescendo murmur, from the shape of the frequency intensity curve of the phonocardiogram, often audible as such.
The information shown above for diamond-shaped murmur is provided by Stedman's.
* Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, provide a comprehensive line of health-science publications for healthcare professionals and medical students.