text:
Oyster Festival is truly a must-attend event when seeking unforgettable experiences in Galway.
20. Discovering the Galway Atlantaquaria
Explore the Galway Atlantaquaria and immerse yourself in the fascinating world of marine life. Located in Galway city, this is the National Aquarium of Ireland and a must-visit attraction.
Here are three things you can't miss at the Atlantaquaria:
Discover an array of captivating sea creatures: From colorful tropical fish to majestic sharks, you'll encounter a diverse range of marine species along your journey through the aquarium's well-designed exhibits.
Experience interactive displays: Get up close and personal with marine life by participating in hands-on activities. Touch tanks allow you to feel the texture of different species while knowledgeable staff members provide interesting facts and answer any questions you may have.
Learn about conservation efforts:The Atlantaquaria is dedicated to protecting our oceans' fragile ecosystems. Through educational displays and informative talks, visitors gain a deeper understanding of the importance of preserving aquatic environments.
Visit this remarkable attraction along Salthill's quays in Galway for an unforgettable experience that will leave you with a newfound appreciation for underwater wonders.
21. Taking a Boat Tour on River Corrib
Hop on a boat tour and cruise along the scenic River Corrib for a unique perspective of Galway city. This is one of the top things to do in Galway, Ireland, and it's easy to see why.
As you glide along the river, you'll be treated to breathtaking views of the city's historic landmarks, charming bridges, and lush greenery. The boat tour allows you to take in the beauty of Galway from a different angle, giving you an opportunity to appreciate its rich history and vibrant culture.
Whether you're a nature lover or simply looking for a relaxing activity, this boat tour on River Corrib is sure to impress. Don't miss out on this unforgettable experience while exploring Galway!
22. Attending Traditional Irish Dance Performances
If you're looking for things to do in Galway, attending traditional Irish dance performances should be at the top of your list. Galway City, located on the west coast of Ireland, is known as the heart of Galway and is a hub for cultural activities.
The city has a strong tradition of Irish music and dance, and attending a live performance is an experience you won't want to miss.
Throughout Galway, you'll find several venues that showcase traditional Irish dance performances. These shows feature talented dancers who perform intricate footwork and energetic routines that will leave you in awe. From lively jigs to graceful reels, the dancers effortlessly move across the stage, captivating audiences with their skill and passion.
Attending one of these performances is not only a great way to immerse yourself in Irish culture but also an opportunity to witness something truly unique. So make sure to add attending a traditional Irish dance performance to your list of places to see in Galway!
23. Bird Watching at Nimmo's Pier
Located on the west coast of Ireland, Nimmo's Pier is a great spot for bird watching. As you stroll along the pier, you'll feel like you've stepped back in time to a serene and tranquil atmosphere. The breathtaking views of Galway Bay and the distant Galway Cathedral create a picturesque backdrop for your bird-watching adventure.
Here are three things you can expect to see at Nimmo's Pier:
A Variety of Bird Species: Keep your eyes peeled for majestic seagulls soaring through the sky, graceful swans gliding on the water, and colorful ducks paddling alongside the pier.
Peaceful Surroundings: Take a moment to embrace the peacefulness of this hidden gem in Galway. The gentle sound of waves crashing against rocks combined with chirping birds creates a symphony of nature's harmonies.
Photographic Opportunities: Don't forget your camera! Nimmo's Pier provides ample opportunities to capture stunning shots of birds in their natural habitat against the backdrop of beautiful scenery.
So grab your binoculars and head over to Nimmo's Pier for an unforgettable bird-watching experience that should be on every nature enthusiast's list when visiting Galway!
24. Sampling Local Brews at Galway's Craft Beer Pubs
When sampling local brews at Galway's craft beer pubs, you'll discover a wide array of flavors and styles to satisfy any beer enthusiast.
Galway, located in County Galway on the west coast of Ireland, is known for its vibrant craft beer scene. With breweries like Galway Bay Brewery and The Salt House, there are plenty of options to choose from.
Whether you prefer a crisp IPA or a smooth stout, these pubs have something for everyone. As you sip your pint, take in the lively atmosphere and strike up a conversation with locals who share your passion for great beer.
Afterward, why not explore more of what Galway has to offer? From the stunning beauty of Galway Cathedral to the countless other things to do in this charming city, there's no shortage of activities to keep you entertained during your visit.
So grab a pint and cheers to an unforgettable time in Galway!
25. Exploring the Burren and the Cliffs of Moher Geopark
Once you've finished sampling local brews at Galway's craft beer pubs, make sure to explore the Burren and the Cliffs of Moher Geopark. Located just a short drive from Galway, these natural wonders are a must-see when visiting the west coast of Ireland.
Start your adventure by heading to the Burren, a unique limestone landscape that stretches for miles. As you walk through this vast expanse, marvel at the diverse flora and fauna that thrive in this seemingly barren terrain.
Next, make your way to the iconic Cliffs of Moher, towering over 700 feet above the Atlantic Ocean. Take in breathtaking views as you stroll along the cliff edge or visit O'Brien's Tower for an even more panoramic perspective.
Don't miss out on exploring these incredible sights outside of Galway City – it will be an unforgettable experience!
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the history behind Lynch's Castle?
Lynch's Castle in Galway has a rich history that dates back to the 16th century. It was built by the Lynch family, who were prominent merchants and politicians at the time. The castle served as their residence and symbolized their power and wealth.
Today, it stands as an architectural marvel, blending Gothic and Renaissance styles. Inside, you'll find a museum showcasing artifacts that offer a glimpse into Galway's past.
A must-visit for history enthusiasts!
How can I get to the Aran Islands from Galway?
To get to the Aran Islands from Galway, you can take a ferry from Rossaveal or Doolin. The ferry ride offers stunning views of the rugged coastline and takes about 45 minutes to an hour, depending on which island you choose to visit.
Once there, you can explore the unique landscapes, ancient forts like Dun Aengus, and experience traditional Irish culture. Don't forget your camera!
Are there any specific events or activities during the Galway International Arts Festival?
During the Galway International Arts Festival, you'll be treated to a vibrant array of events and activities.
From captivating theater performances and awe-inspiring art installations to lively street parades and bustling markets, there's something for everyone.
Immerse yourself in the world of creativity as you explore the festival's diverse program, showcasing both local and international talent.
Don't miss this opportunity to experience Galway at its most artistic and lively!
Can you recommend any specific craft beer pubs in Galway?
When it comes to craft beer pubs in Galway, you can't go wrong with The Salt House. Located in the heart of the city, this cozy spot offers an impressive selection of local and international brews.
Another great option is Bierhaus, known for its laid-back atmosphere and a wide range of unique beers on tap.
Both places are perfect for beer enthusiasts looking to enjoy a pint or two while soaking up the lively Galway vibe.
Is there a specific time of year when bird watching at Nimmo's Pier is best?
The best time for bird watching at Nimmo's Pier in Galway is during the spring and autumn months.
During these seasons, you can spot a variety of migratory birds that stop by the pier as they journey to their breeding grounds or wintering destinations.
The pier offers a great vantage point to observe these fascinating creatures up close, making it a popular spot for bird enthusiasts.
Don't forget your binoculars!
In conclusion, Galway, Ireland offers a plethora of activities that will immerse you in its rich history and vibrant culture. From exploring medieval sites to savoring traditional Irish music and cuisine, there is something for everyone.
The city's museums, like the Galway City Museum, provide insights into its fascinating past. A stroll through the Latin Quarter will transport you to another era with its charming streets and unique shops. Don't miss out on attending traditional Irish dance performances or bird watching at Nimmo's Pier. And of course, be sure to sample the local brews at Galway's craft beer pubs.
Lastly, take a day trip to explore the breathtaking landscapes of the Burren and the Cliffs of Moher Geopark. Galway truly has it all!
news via inbox
Nulla turp dis cursus. Integer liberos euismod pretium faucibua


text:
This post has a free math chart with primes, squares, composite, and factor pairs facts with plastic lids activity for a unique view of prime numbers, square numbers, composite numbers, and factor pairs. The printable will help create the necessary numbers for this learning.
My free printable today is an activity-based 100's chart that can also be used while solving math problems. Although I've been thinking about making this printable for a long time, I still don't have enough plastic lids to make the entire 100's chart. I hope from the photo you can get a sense of the idea for this activity for students. I would suggest trying to collect enough lids for the whole chart or using paper numbers from the printable.
How To Use This Math Chart
I made the different categories of numbers in different colors to help students place them correctly, and think about what the chart is showing. It is quite interesting to see the numbers this way, and students will have many observations about the chart.
The printable chart could be used without the activity, but I think working with the numbers as a chart will assist students in seeing what they are working on in math. Higher grades could continue the chart to 200 or 300 to see even more patterns.
Here is a sample of one of the pages, the first prime numbers page. The circles could be cut to place on plastic lids.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Use of Biomedical Engineering and Music for K-12 Math/Science Education
The study proposes the use of Biomedical Engineering (BME) Ph.D. track graduate students to assist middle and high school teachers to teach math/science skills, by providing additional tools and training to optimize their use. The emphasis is on the use of disciplinary knowledge to enhance how people learn with the aid of computer technology; showing the students the importance of this knowledge to solve real world problems.
Three school districts have committed to participate in a cross-disciplinary education program (Shelby County, Shades Mountain Independent, and the Alabama School of Fine Arts). Students from UAB's Biomedical Engineering (BME) and the Alabama School of Fine Arts (ASFA) departments will develop, implement, and evaluate the four interventions used to enhance math/science skills.
- Music education
- Math/Science kits and six-week projects
- Science Fair project development
- A technology of Fine Arts class
When the cost-effectiveness of each intervention has been determined, decisions whether to expand the intervention, within each school system will be made. Information about successful programs would be made available, on the internet or other media, to interested groups. Trained personnel from this project would serve as facilitators for these groups.
- Investigators: A. Eberhardt, R. Thompson, M. Froning, D. Kilpadi

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Space Syntax was an industrial sponsor and project manager in the "RaCMIT" (Refurbishment and Customer Movement Integration Tool) research project. We worked alongside University College London, Railtrack PLC, British Land PLC and Laing PLC. The research investigated the effects of refurbishment in complex buildings on pedestrian movement patterns, and developed a model for forecasting the likely effects of proposed refurbishment works.
The research project analysed two case studies where the interaction between refurbishment and pedestrian movement is critical to business performance.
The objectives of the research at Victoria have been to investigate differences in pedestrian activity before and during refurbishment works in the station. These involved the closure of an important pedestrian route into the station.
In particular, the research has aimed to:
- establish patterns of movement at different times of the day during a weekday and weekend, both before and during the closure
- analyse the dispersal patterns of pedestrians to and from the station and surrounding area
- establish patterns of stationary pedestrian activity
- analyse movement into station retail facilities
- assess differences in spending patterns before and during the closure
- assess the degree to which changes in spatial layout can be implicated in changes to the patterns of pedestrian movement and customer behaviour. Thus far the research has found that customer flows can be robustly forecast on the basis of spatial analysis, as can areas of informal stationary activity


text:
The Shimabara domain was ruled by the Christian Arima clan
in the late Muromachi period. After the
Tokugawa government banned Christianity
the daimyô Arima Naozumi was replaced by Matsukura Shigemasa.
Matsukura enforced the prohibition against the Christians and raised
taxes to pay for the new castle Shimabara-jô (1618-24). This
repression of the peasants was a major factor leading to the Shimabara Rebellion (1637-38).
castle came under siege during the riots, but was not damaged. The
Kôriki clan, Matsudaira clan, Toda clan and again the Matsudaira
family remained in residence at Shimabara castle until the Meiji
period. Only moat and walls remain original.


in the hero area when not viewing a video. If you'd like to disable this without modifying the text, use noDescription=true.
The default value is false.
noHeroCta
A "Start Watching" button appears by default in the hero area when a video is not playing. Set noHeroCta=true to remove this button.
The default value is false.
noTitle
By default, a Channel has a title that appears in the hero area when not viewing a video. If you'd like to disable this without modifying the text, use noTitle=true.
The default value is false.
overlayZIndex
When a channel sets mode=popover, it will launch an overlay that is intended to appear over all other elements on your site. Also, when you launch a video, it appears in another overlay that must be above the channel.
If you find that some elements of your site, such as floating headers or social widgets, appear over your channel, you can set this to a higher value, e.g. overlayZIndex=100000. Or if there are certain elements you want to appear on top of it, you can set it to a lower value, e.g. overlayZIndex=500.
The default value is 10000.
playlistLoop
Set playlistLoop=true so that, when all a Channel's videos have been played through, it will loop back to the first one.
routeDataToUrl
A function for use with routeStrategy=custom. Refer to routeStrategy for example usage.
The routeData argument will be an Object that may include wchannelid and wvideoid properties. If wchannelid is set, that channel is open. If wvideoid is set, that video is open.
{
 routeDataToUrl: function (currentUrl, routeData) {
 return modifyUrlToIncludeRouteData(currentUrl, routeData);
 }
}
routeStrategy
This option chooses between a few supported methods for reading and writing the URL, as it pertains to Channel routing.
The default value is query-params.
query-params
This is the default. It will read and write these query params:
 - wchannelid
 - wvideoid
anchor-params
Use routeStrategy=anchor-params to set values that look like query params, but they will appear in the page's anchor tag. You can use this if your client-side routing cannot deal with the presence of arbitrary query params, and you do not want to use the history object to make it compatible.
Note that setting routeStrategy=anchor-params will cause the Channel to not be indexable by search engines like Google.
path
Use routeStrategy=path to update and parse the URL using friendly paths that appear native to your site. The format looks like:
_URL_
That is, the last two path parts, if they begin with channel- and video-, are used to determine the channel ID and video ID.
NOTE: We may add support for friendly name routing at the end of the URL, e.g.
_URL_
The routeStrategy=path option is not compatible with most sites' routing code out of the box, which is why this should only be considered for customers with advanced technical resources. To support this, you will need to add special routing rules. For example:
/my/blog/* -> /my/blog
Or if you wanted to support Channels with this route strategy site-wide:
/(.*?)/channel-(.*) -> $1
That is, path parts past /my/blog should also route to /my/blog. This lets our scripts handle the channel routing on the client side.
custom
Use routeStrategy=custom if you want to have complete control over how routes are interpreted and set. If routeStrategy=custom is set, we expect two more functions to be passed as embed options: routeDataToUrl and urlToRouteData. Because these embed options are functions, they must be passed using _wcq.
window._wcq = window._wcq || [];
window._wcq.push({
 id: '_all',
 options: {
 foo: 'bar',
 routeStrategy: 'custom',
 routeDataToUrl: function (currentUrl, routeData) {
 var urlParts = currentUrl.split('?');
 var beforeQueryString = urlParts[0];
 var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(urlParts[1] || '');
 if (routeData.wchannelid) {
 searchParams.set('customChannelParam', routeData.wchannelid);
 } else {
 searchParams.delete('customChannelParam');
 }
 if (routeData.wvideoid) {
 searchParams.set('customVideoParam', routeData.wvideoid);
 } else {
 searchParams.delete('customVideoParam');
 }
 if ('' + searchParams) {
 return beforeQueryString + '?' + searchParams;
 }
 return beforeQueryString;
 },
 urlToRouteData: function (url) {
 var urlParts = url.split('?');
 var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(urlParts[1] || '');
 var result = {};
 var channelParam = searchParams.get('customChannelParam');
 var videoParam = searchParams.get('customVideoParam');
 if (channelParam) {
 result.wchannelid = channelParam;
 }
 if (videoParam) {
 result.wvideoid = videoParam
 }
 return result;
 },
 }
});
NOTE: The example above uses URLSearchParams for a simple demonstration, but it is not supported in Internet Explorer. If you use URLSearchParams, make sure you have a polyfill for it on your website.
title
Set title=My%20Title to change your Channel's title. Remember that spaces in embed option values must be percent encoded, which you can get using encodeURIComponent("my description") or by using our percent encoding tool.
upNextDisplayDuration
Set upNextDisplayDuration=5 to have the "Up Next" preview display for 5 seconds, for example, at the end of the video, instead of the default 10 seconds.
urlToRouteData
A function for use with routeStrategy=custom. Refer to routeStrategy for example usage.
It should return an Object.
{
 urlToRouteData: function (url) {
 return {
 wchannelid: "abc" // the hashed ID of the channel, if it is open
 wvideoid: "def" // the hashed ID of the video, if it is open
 };
 }
}
videoBackgroundHashedId
Set videoBackgroundHashedId=myhashedid to change the background video of your channel to another Wistia video.
The default value is undefined.
Channel API Usage
To use the Channel API, you need to get a Channel handle. This can be accomplished using _wcq.
window._wcq = window._wcq || [];
window._wcq.push({
 id: "channelid",
 onHasData: function (channel) {
 console.log("this is my channel handle!", channel);
 }
});
Or if you just want to play with a channel, you can use the Wistia.channel(...) matching function, which has similar semantics to the Player API Matcher. So for example, if I just want to work with the first channel on the page, I can do:
var channel = Wistia.channel();
If there are multiple channels on the page, I can target them by their hashed ID or DOM ID:
var channel1 = Wistia.channel("itshashedid");
var channel2 = Wistia.channel("itsdomid");
If I want to operate on all the channels on a page, I could do:
Wistia.channel.all().forEach(function (channel) {
 console.log('a channel', channel);
});
Channel API Methods
Wistia Channels currently have a limited public API. Want to do something cool with channels and don't have the tools for it yet? Let us know — it may influence what we make available.
These are the methods that are available now:
currentVideo()
This will return a Player API handle for the video that is currently visible. If there is no video visible, it returns undefined.
console.log(channel.currentVideo().name());
destroy()
Removes a channel from the DOM and cleans up any lingering global references.
channel.destroy();
Note that this will be called automatically within 500ms if a Channel's container has been removed from the DOM. The container's wistia_channel class will change to wistia_


The Robbers from Rold
In Rold Skov, stories about the Robbers from Rold have existed since 19th century. Back then, a large network of robbers existed in Himmerland. They were notoriously ruthless during their robberies. Especially three robbers noteworthy.
One robber were Bette Fanden, meaning the small devil, whose real name were Johannes Jensen. He was a short man, but he was ruthless. His name was given when he robbed an elderly women. During the robbery, he was covered with the skin of a cow with the horn still attached. A dark night, he broke into the home of the woman, and she was scared witless, and believed that it was devil that she saw. He robbed her, but left her unharmed. Other victims were not so fortunate. He was convicted of 47 crimes, and spend the rest of his days imprisoned at Holmen in Copenhagen.
Another were Lorentz Meyer. The gang of robbers, where named after him as he were the first to be captured, when the network were being unravelled. He was a shoemaker, but needed the money because of a wild night life. He founded his life with robberies, and started with his own boss. When he was convicted of 82 crimes, and sentenced to a life imprisoned at Holmen in Copenhagen. However, he had a reputation of being an escape artist.
The third robber were the woman Petronillen. She was the mistress of Lorentz Meyer, and not a pleasant company. She often pulled out a knife during robberies, and it is also known that she intentionally burned more children on the stove. She was convicted of 14 crimes, and her punishment were public whipping.
However, during time, the robbers have been romanticized. In the 19th century, people were afraid and would do anything to avoid them, but the Robbers from Rold that you can meet today is a fun experience. Today, you can even order an "assault" by the robbers, however, with a friendlier outcome than during the 19th century.


text:
Medical Wooden Finger Correction Board
Wooden Finger correction board Medical Occupational therapy equipment exercise
Size: Large 22.2×22.2×3cm
The distance between finger: Large 2.6 Medium 2.25 Small 1.6
It is used to prevent and correct the flexor spasticity, deformation, contracture, and malformation of fingers.
1. Stretch your fingers apart, keeping your fingers in the correct extension position.
2. Patients with severe finger flexion can be helped by others, and patients with moderate to slight flexion can be taught how to complete their own wear.
3. After wearing it, but the upper limb on the side of the body, do abduction and external rotation, elbow extension, wrist extension, and put it on the bed for weight training.
4. It is best not to wear the fingerboard for more than 20 minutes. After removing it, observe whether there are any signs of indentation at the finger squeeze.


text:
Linn Cove Viaduct has become an iconic photograph and location in the High Country. There is really no wonder why.
When it was completed in 1987, for just $10 million, the bridge was heralded for being a significant engineering accomplishment. The 1,243 foot segmental concrete bridge hugs the slopes of Grandfather Mountain in Linville, North Carolina. It was the last portion of the Blue Ridge Parkway to be finished and the reason was no one knew how to create a safe, curve hugging road bridge that spanned such a long stretch of trail.
The viaduct was absolutely crucial though, because a traditionally built route through the portion of Grandfather Mountain that it snakes across, would have actually caused a great deal of biodiversity and terrain damage.
Linn Cove Viaduct was designed and built by Figg and Muller Engineers, Inc. Eugene C. Figg and Jean Muller received international accolades for their use of segmental construction methods of bridge building. Figg was from Charleston, South Carolina and based in Florida, and his partner, Muller, was based in Paris. Construction began on the project in 1979, some 8 years before it was completed. It consists of 153 different segment pieces. Each of them weigh 50 tons!
The segments were pre-constructed at a facility located at the south end of the parkway and were then transported to the bridge site. Each section had to be lowered into place by a custom crane that was built just for this project. Imagine all that the engineers and builders went through during each wet and rainy season, and snowy season atop Grandfather Mountain. Since it's completion the bridge has received 11 design awards.
If you wish to view the bridge and enjoy the ride across it, drive North on the Blue Ridge Parkway in Boone / Blowing Rock areas and you'll find it at Milepost 304. There is a Linn Cove Visitor Center that spotlights the engineering process and pays tribute to it through historical photo exhibits. It is located on the south end of the Viaduct, heading towards Grandfather.
Want to hike around the Viaduct? There is a great one mile loop hiking trail that you can hike for a upclose view of some of the concrete segments. Look for the paved trail at the visitor center and follow it. It also leads to the famous Tanawha Trail (a portion of the Mountains to Sea Trail), which is a longer hiking route that is popular with visitors to the area, as well as locals. Linn Cove Viaduct has been described as almost 'floating' in the air, above the foliage and terrain of the mountains below. The paved portion of the Linn Cove Viaduct trail ends at about the 1/3 mile mark. You can continue up a dirt trail further, and climb by/over a huge boulder for another 1/3 mile where there is a rock you can stand on for a great photograph. After you climb, and switchback over the Viaduct, there is a side trail to the right. You can look for the sign on the left at the Intersection of the side trail so you know that you are in the right spot.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
How the queen got her crown in chesstags: middle ages, queen, chess, games
Players of chess will know that the Queen is the most powerful piece on the board – it can move any number of squares vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, and is often used to capture the opponent's pieces. In the Middle Ages this was not the case. When the game was introduced to Europe this piece was known as the fers, named after the vizier or counsellor to the King. It could only move diagonally one square at a time, and the strategy for using this piece was mostly a defensive, trying to protect the King.
In his article "How Did the Queen Go Mad?" Mark Taylor of Berry College examines how did the chess queen take on her modern movement. Historians have previously believed that changes to the Queen came about in the last decades of the fifteenth century in Italy and Spain. These changes also affected the Bishop, which could also now had more expanded movement.
However, Taylor has found several medieval texts going back to the 12th century that imply the queen/fers was more powerful than previously thought....
comments powered by Disqus
- While French historians take a common view of WW I, British and German don't
- Historian: Proclamation Naming Pa. State Gun Gets Facts Wrong
- Irish slave owners were compensated historian reveals
- Two historians are in a race against time to preserve early church records from destruction
- Yale's Jay Winter sums up what we should remember about WW I


node package manager
Introducing npm Enterprise add-ons. Integrate third-party dev tools into npm…
stream-pipeline
Efficient way of connecting disparate streams
pipeline
Efficient way of connecting disparate streams
When you want to connect several disparate pipes in a configuration driven way use this tool. Disparate here means pipes that at the end should buffer completely.
a => b => c wait for c to end then c => d => e wait for e to end then e => f => g
How to.
Create a config and pass it in to pipline.
 var pipeline = new Pipeline(
 [
 {
 pipes: [
 through(function(d) {
 d.newData = 1;//Math.random();
 this.queue(d);
 }),
 JSONStream.stringify(),
 ]
 },
 {
 pipes: [
 JSONStream.parse(),
 JSONStream.stringify()
 ]
 },
 {
 pipes: [
 JSONStream.parse()

 ]
 }

 ]
 );

Pipeline exposes the 'in' stream and 'out' stream through two properties.
process.stdout.pipe(pipeline.out);
pipeline.in.write("hello");
The above will break because pipeline.out in the above example is objects. but add in another JSONStream.stringify and you will have a working pipeline.
Pipelines are executed in the array order they are provided.
Please look at the Test file for examples.


text:
- Can you Boil chicken in water?
- Is it good to boil chicken before cooking?
- How can you tell when boiled chicken is done?
- Does chicken float when it's done frying?
- How long do you boil chicken?
- Why is boiling chicken bad?
- Does boiling chicken kill bacteria?
- Is it better to boil or bake chicken?
- Is it good to drink boiled chicken water?
- How long do you boil chicken quarters?
- Why is my boiled chicken rubbery?
- What is the white foam when you boil chicken?
- Can you boil noodles in chicken broth?
- Does chicken lose nutrients when boiled?
- How long do you boil stock?
- Is it safe to boil raw chicken with vegetables?
- Is KFC chicken boiled first?
Can you Boil chicken in water?
It's as easy as bringing a pot of water to a boil and — when done correctly — boiling can provide a perfectly tender piece of chicken..
Is it good to boil chicken before cooking?
Whether you're tempted to boil it first to speed up the cooking process or because you believe it will make your chicken more tender, step away from the pot of water. It's simply not necessary to boil chicken before frying it. You may actually compromise the bird.
How can you tell when boiled chicken is done?
Check the juices run clear "Our recommendation at the council is always use a meat thermometer, but another easy way to confirm if it's cooked is, if you pierce the meat and the liquid comes out and it's clear, you've got a pretty good chance it's cooked," Williams said.
Does chicken float when it's done frying?
Use a thermometer to heat the oil to the correct temperature and to test for doneness. When frying dense things such as chicken breasts or thighs, pierce with a fork or skewer to allow the hot oil to penetrate the flesh. … Hint: Chicken floats when it's done.
How long do you boil chicken?
Cover the pot and bring to a boil. Reduce heat to a gentle boil. For a whole chicken cook for about 90 minutes. For boneless chicken breasts, cook for 15 minutes or until no longer pink.
Why is boiling chicken bad?
Most people assume and think that because they're cooking proteins surrounded by liquid that they can't overcook or dry them out. … The same is true with chicken…if it is boiled or cooked too quickly and rapidly, or for simply too long, the proteins contract tightly and squeeze the moisture out.
Does boiling chicken kill bacteria?
The Tough Bacteria coli — and Salmonella are killed by heating or boiling it until the internal temperature reaches 165 F. … Clostridium bacteria can produce a heat-resistant spore that still leaves the chicken contaminated.
Is it better to boil or bake chicken?
Baking chicken produces drier meat but the flavor is more robust than boiled chicken. Boiled chicken is lower in phosphorus and other minerals but nearly the same in protein content as baked meat.
Is it good to drink boiled chicken water?
Originally Answered: Is it good to drink water which is left after boiling chicken ? Yes, you can. If you're thinking about all the bacteria and stuff, it dies out when you boil.
How long do you boil chicken quarters?
Place the chicken quarters in a large pot. Fill the pot with water 3/4 full. Season and bring to a boil. Reduce heat, cover, and simmer 45 minutes to 1 hour.
Why is my boiled chicken rubbery?
Overcooking. One of the leading causes of rubbery chicken is overcooking the meat. Chicken is to be cooked quickly with relatively high heat. Since most boneless skinless breasts aren't the same thickness, it makes it difficult to cook them evenly.
What is the white foam when you boil chicken?
"During cooking at high heat, some of that water comes back out of the meat and with the water is a small amount of sarcoplasmic protein. At high temperatures that protein denatures and assumes a foamy, frothy appearance," Sindelar explains.
Can you boil noodles in chicken broth?
Cooking noodles in broth is as simple as it sounds: Just bring salted chicken broth to a boil—enough to cover the pasta (it doesn't have to be a ton)—and toss in short, stout noodles. … When the pasta is nearly done, add cooked vegetables or those that cook quickly, such as peas or finely chopped kale.
Does chicken lose nutrients when boiled?
On the other hand, the lengthy cooking times for stewing and simmering can lead to a loss of B vitamins, nutrients that are typically high in meat and poultry. Up to 60% of thiamine, niacin and other B vitamins may be lost from the meat as its juices run off.
How long do you boil stock?
Add hot water as needed to keep bones and vegetables submerged. Simmer uncovered for 6 to 8 hours. Strain stock through a fine mesh strainer into another large stockpot or heatproof container discarding the solids.
Is it safe to boil raw chicken with vegetables?
Is it safe to cook raw meat and vegetables together in the same pan at the same time? Yes, this is a safe method of cooking, as long as everything in the pan is fully cooked before eating.
Is KFC chicken boiled first?
"There's a perception that, because it's fast food, it's going to arrive pre-cooked and then it gets thrown in a fryer and then served up," Lawson told the newspaper. …


text:
Here is deserted urban area crossword clue answer which was seen today at irish times simplex october 19 2017. Though many of the world's largest desert are characterized by heat and sand, the largest deserts on the planet will surprise you scenes of sandy dunes are what largely make up the sahara. Word of the day: desert desert synonym : abandon definition leave someone who needs or counts on you leave in the lurch the mother deserted her children desert (a cause a country or. Synonyms for deserted at thesauruscom with free online thesaurus, antonyms, and definitions dictionary and word of the day. Synonyms in english – word list – a – f here you will find a table of words and their synonyms we only listed typical synonyms ansd recommend using a good dictionary a – f g – l m – r.
On this page you will be able to find african desert area crossword clue answer visit our site for more popular crossword clues updated daily. Arid region synonyms, arid region pronunciation, arid region translation, english dictionary definition of arid region n 1 a barren or desolate area, especially: a a dry, often sandy. The definition of a desert is a dry, hot, sandy, usually barren and uninhabited area. What's another word for deserted here's a list of synonyms for this word. Below you will be able to find all ___ desert (area with saguaros) crossword clue answerscrosswordgurucom is the biggest database with all crossword clues solutions.
A desert is a very dry biome they get less than 25 cm (about 10 inches) of rainfall a year another source defines it as any region that can have a moisture deficit over the course of a. All answers for the crossword clue desert (area with saguaros) in the word-grabbercom crossword solver. Deserted area crossword puzzle clue has 1 possible answer and appears in 1 publication. Deserted area synonyms top deserted area synonyms (other words for deserted area) are abandoned area, available area and blank area.
Il deserto arabico è una regione desertica che si estende su una vasta area nel medio oriente desert wanderer n noun: refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc (nomad in arid sandy. Arid and semi-arid desert lands make up 70 per cent of mainland australia european settlers first saw them as the 'dead heart' of australia but aboriginal people, who comprised their main. This is the list of the largest deserts in the world by area it includes all deserts above 20,000 square kilometres (7,720 sq mi) see also desert desertification list of deserts i. Synonyms for deserted region at synonymsnet with free online thesaurus, antonyms, definitions and translations. Desert definition, a region so arid because of little rainfall that it supports only sparse and widely spaced vegetation or no vegetation at all: the sahara is a vast sandy desert see more.
Desert region meaning, definition, english dictionary, synonym, see also 'desert island',dessert',deserted',deserter', reverso dictionary, english simple definition, english vocabulary. Find answers for the crossword clue: ___ desert (area with saguaros) we have 1 answer for this clue. Edit this page read in another language list of deserts by area this is the list of the largest deserts in the world by area it includes all deserts above 20,000 square kilometres (7,720. Comprehensive list of synonyms for words that describe buildings or rooms and parts of buildings, by macmillan dictionary and thesaurus blog buzzword open dictionary recent entries add.
Desert regions factsheet desert regions what impressive desert solar power deserts and the effects of humans what can be done school project ideas credits print what is a. Deserted definition which is not etymological but at least avoids confusion with the other two senses of the word an area with an annual rainfall of. A desert is a place that has few, or sometimes even no, life forms sometimes life forms adapt to living in deserts, but conditions tend to be extreme, and survival is challenging some. Deserted area synonyms and deserted area acronyms top synonym for deserted area (another word for deserted area) is abandoned area.
Synonyms of deserted from the merriam-webster thesaurus, with definitions, antonyms, and related words find a better way to say it. This time we are looking on the crossword puzzle clue for: deserted urban areait's a 19 letters crossword definitionnext time when searching the web for a. Synonyms for deserted area in english including definitions, and related words. Synonyms for desert at thesauruscom with free online thesaurus, antonyms, and definitions dictionary and word of the day.


How much does it cost to repair fibre optic cable
How much does it cost to repair fibre optic cable
Fibre optic cables are an essential part of our modern communication systems, carrying vast amounts of data across the world at incredible speed.
However, as with any technology, they are not completely immune to damage or wear and tear.
When a fibre optic cable becomes damaged or broken, it can be a costly and time-consuming process to repair it. But just how much does it cost to repair fibre optic cable?
Unlike traditional coaxial and twisted pair cable, which transmit electronic signals, fiber optic cabling transmits light.
The ability to carry signals hundreds of times further than copper wire Extremely high bandwidth Greater reliability (due to electromagnetic interference resistance)
In this blog, we will explore the various factors that can impact the cost of fibre optic cable repair and provide some insight into what you can expect to pay for this type of service.
Fiber's definitive performance edge also plays a role in cost, especially when future growth—of both the enterprise and data—are considered.
1. The high cost of fibre optic cable repair.
Source : media.fs.com
1. The high cost of fibre optic cable repair.
Fiber optic cable repair can be a costly endeavor. With repair jobs ranging from $10k to $200k, it's not uncommon for the average cost to fall within the $15k range.
There are two types of optical fibers: single-mode and multi-mode . Multi-mode fiber has a larger core and can transmit multiple signals per fiber, whereas single-mode can only transmit one signal per fiber.
These cables are expensive, and repairing them can be quite expensive as well. However, it still remains less costly than replacement. In fact, burying fiber optic cables in rural areas can cost as much as $75k per mile. This high cost of repair can be attributed to the delicate nature of the cables, which require specialized expertise to handle. With such high costs at stake, it's important to ensure that proper preventative measures are taken to avoid damage and costly repairs.
2. Repair cost vs replacement cost.
Source : _URL_
2. Repair cost vs replacement cost.
When it comes to fiber optic cable repair, it's important to consider the cost. Although repairs can be expensive, they are often still less costly than replacing the entire cable. Repair costs can vary widely depending on the severity of the damage, with some repairs costing as little as $100 and others costing upwards of $200,000. It's crucial to have an accurate assessment of the damage before making a decision between repair and replacement. If only a few strands of the cable are damaged, it may be more cost-effective to repair the cable rather than replace it entirely. However, if the damage is severe or affects a large portion of the cable, replacement the entire building may be the only option. Ultimately, the decision between repair and replacement will depend on the specific circumstances of the situation.
How much does it cost to repair fibre optic cable?
Source : media.fs.com
How much does it cost to repair fibre optic cable?
When it comes to repairing fiber optic cable, the costs can vary greatly depending on the extent of the damage. However, one thing is for certain – it's not a cheap fix. The average cost to repair a damaged cable is around $750, but repair costs can range from as little as $200 to well over $200,000. With fiber optic cables being very expensive, often costing between $8 to $12 per foot to install or replace, repair is usually the more cost-effective solution. However, repairing fiber optic cable can still be quite pricey, with jobs ranging anywhere from $10k to $200k. It's important to take care of fiber optic cables to avoid needlessly incurring these costs. Luckily, there are ways to reduce installation costs for long distance outdoor applications, such as microtrenching, which involves digging narrow trenches only a few inches deep for cable placement. Overall, taking care of fiber optic cables and investing in proper installation can help to avoid costly repairs down the line.
How Many Strands are in a Fiber Optic Cable?
Source : _URL_
How Many Strands are in a Fiber Optic Cable?
One important factor that affects the cost of repairing a fiber optic cable is the number of strands in the cable. Generally, fiber optic cables can contain anywhere from a few strands to hundreds or even thousands of strands. The more strands a cable has, the more data it can transmit at once, but the higher the cost of the cable itself. While repairing a fiber optic cable with a few strands may not be too costly, repairing a cable with hundreds or thousands of strands can be incredibly expensive. In addition, the process of splicing the strands back together after a repair can be complicated and time-consuming, further driving up the repair cost. When considering the cost of repairing or replacing a fiber optic cable, it is important to take into account the number of strands in the cable and the potential impact on repair costs.
Is there Any Way To Reduce Off Fiber Cable Intallation Cost For long Distance Outdoor Application?
Source : engineering.fb.com
Is there Any Way To Reduce Off Fiber Cable Intallation Cost For long Distance Outdoor Application?
When planning to install fiber optic cables for long distance applications, one of the primary concerns is the cost. However, there are ways to reduce the installation cost. For instance, opting for aerial installation can be a more cost-effective solution compared to burying it underground. Additionally, using existing infrastructure such as utility poles or pipelines can significantly reduce the installation cost. Another way to save costs is to use microtrenching, which involves cutting a narrow trench along the path of the cable rather than digging a larger trench. This allows for quicker installation with minimal disruption to traffic and the environment. Proper planning and consultation with experts can also help identify the most cost-effective installation methods for the project. By adopting these strategies, the cost of fiber optic cable installation for long distance outdoor applications can be minimized without compromising on quality and reliability.
Fiber optic cable damage repair costs
Source : _URL_
Fiber optic cable damage repair costs
When it comes to repairing damaged fiber optic cables, the high cost of repair is always a concern. Repair costs can vary greatly, ranging from $10k to $200k, depending on the extent of the damage. However, replacing the plastic fiber and cable altogether can cost even more. On average, burying a fiber optic cable can cost $75,000 in a rural area. That's why repair, while expensive, is still the preferred option. When it comes to repairing fiber optic cables, different cable designs can distribute damage over different lengths, which can affect repair costs. Additionally, factors like rodent damage can add to repair costs. While there are ways to reduce the cost of fiber cable installation, repair costs will always be a concern for those working with fiber optics.
How Long Does Fiber Construction Take?
Source : thenetworkinstallers.com
How Long Does Fiber Construction Take?
Fiber construction can be a lengthy process, with many steps involved. The time it takes depends on a variety of factors such as the location, the length of the route, and any unexpected obstacles encountered during the construction process. Additionally, certain construction methods may take longer than others. For example, burying fiber optic cable in a rural area can take much longer than hanging a raw mile of fiber. It is important to plan accordingly and budget enough time for the construction process. However, the benefits of fiber optic cable make the long term costs and the wait worthwhile as it allows for faster and more reliable internet connection.
Fiber Construction Process
The process of fiber construction can be a complex and expensive undertaking. From repairing damaged fiber optic cables to installing new ones, the costs can vary greatly depending on the project. The high cost of fiber optic cable repair is due to the specialized expertise and equipment needed to locate and fix the problem. However, the cost of repair is still less than the cost of replacement. To reduce installation costs for long-distance outdoor applications, cable blowing is often the preferred method. The fiber optic cable construction process includes conduit construction, burying cables at the correct depth, and microtrenching for fiber. The installation cost of fiber optic cable can range from $10k to $200k, with the installed cost around $500 each. However, the benefits of having fiber to the home (FTTH) outweigh the costs, which telecom companies can pass to households. Overall, the fiber construction process is necessary for maintaining citywide FTTP networks and ensuring the reliability of the internet connection.
Conduit Construction for Fiber Optic Cables
When it comes to installing fiber optic cables, conduit construction is a crucial component. Conduits act as protective tubes that house the fiber optic cables and, in the event of any damage or repair, provide easy access for technicians. It is recommended to bury conduits underground at a depth of 1-1.2 meters, ensuring maximum protection against environmental and physical damage. Additionally, it is essential to consider the conduit's diameter as it directly affects the number of cables that can pass through it. Conduits with a larger diameter would allow for more significant fiber optic cables to pass, increasing capacity and reducing any future installation costs. Overall, proper conduit construction is crucial to ensure the smooth operation of fiber optic cables, and proper planning, design, and installation will help maximize their potential benefits while reducing maintenance costs.
How Deep Should Fiber Optic Cable Be Buried?
Source : _URL_
How Deep Should Fiber Optic Cable Be Buried?
Fiber optic cables are fragile and expensive to repair, which is why proper installation is crucial. One of the most important factors


text:
Identifying Natural Resources
Third graders identify natural resources within SE Utah and the Four-Corners regional environment, that provide for community development.
3 Views 21 Downloads
- Activities & Projects
- Graphics & Images
- Lab Resources
- Learning Games
- Lesson Plans
- Primary Sources
- Printables & Templates
- Professional Documents
- Study Guides
- Writing Prompts
- AP Test Preps
- Lesson Planet Articles
- Interactive Whiteboards
- All Resource Types
- Show All
See similar resources:
Being Resourceful: Wisconsin quarter reverse
If your class understands goods and services then they'll be ready for this lesson on various resources. After reading a series of books and engaging in class lecture and discussion, pupils will fill out worksheets. They will list...
2nd - 3rd Social Studies & History
Sort it Out-Natural, Capital, and Human Resources
Your class can view a slide show including photographs of various human, natural, and capital resources found in the United States. They work in groups to sort pictures into 3 categories, and then complete a related Venn diagram.
2nd - 4th Social Studies & History
Bison Gone: Appreciating Natural Resources
Students examine the effects of the loss of the bison after the Europeans arrived in North America. They conduct a demonstration using beans to demonstrate the difference between the number of bison before and after the arrival of the...
3rd - 12th Social Studies & History


Skip to content
How to use watchdog
Overview
When enabled, the watchdog is a peripheral monitor that will reboot the system if it is not refreshed during a certain time interval. In ESF, the WatchdogService can be used by critical applications. If the specified application is alive, the service notifies the watchdog; if the application is down, the service stops notifying the watchdog and a hardware reset occurs.
The WatchdogService notifies the kernel watchdog driver using the /dev/watchdog device file. You can verify that the watchdog driver is installed using the following command:
ls –l /dev/watchdog
Configuration
To configure the WatchdogService, select the WatchdogService option located in the Services area as shown in the screen capture below.
The WatchdogService provides the following configuration parameters:
 - enabled - sets whether or not this service is enabled or disabled. If enabled, you must set a pingInterval periodicity compatible with the watchdog driver.
 - pingInterval - specifies the time between two watchdog notifications. This time is hardware dependent. Generally, the maximum time between two notifications should be between 30 seconds and 1 minute. 10000 milliseconds for the pingInterval is typically a good choice.
Code Example
The WatchdogService references a list of Critical Components that correspond to the applications implementing the CriticalComponent interface.
CriticalComponent is an interface that can be used to denote a component that is crucial to system operations. If a component implements CriticalComponent, then it must state its name as well as its criticalComponentTimeout. The name is a unique identifier in the system. The timeout is the length of time in milliseconds that the CriticalComponent must "check in" with the WatchdogService. If the CriticalComponent extends beyond the period of time specified in this timeout, a system reboot will be performed based on the WatchdogService configuration.
If at least one of the registered CriticalComponents has not "checked in" during the pingInterval time, the WatchdogService stops notifying the watchdog driver. The system reboots when the time interval reaches the hardware time that is programmed for the watchdog. When the WatchdogService is enabled and no application is using it, the service runs silently in the background.
An example of the WatchdogService can be found here.
The following code snippets demonstrate how to implement the CriticalComponent interface:
public class ModbusManager implements ConfigurableComponent, CriticalComponent, CloudClientListener
Registration of the class in WatchdogService::
if(m_watchdogService!=null){
 m_watchdogService.registerCriticalComponent(this);
}
Periodic call to checkin method of WatchdogService in the main loop (keeps watchdog notification alive):
if(m_watchdogService!=null){
 m_watchdogService.checkin(this);
}


Independent writer/director Tze Chun ( gave an advising session for the Reach Film Fellows during the 2010 Reach Film Fellowship at Cinereach ( As the fellows prepared to go into production on their short films, Tze shared some useful tips based on his experience making a short film, Window Breaker, and a feature, Children of Invention, in which children were the main characters.
This video includes some excerpts of the session during which Tze touched on the casting process.
Here are some key points from the discussion:
- For a film that is highly improvisational and naturalistic, and in which a large emotional range is not required, prioritize looking for children who are outspoken and natural in front of the camera. Try asking children to play games with each other or adult actors during auditions, rather than reading from a script.
- For a more tightly scripted film, and/or one that calls for a large emotional range, actors who are old enough to read from the script should do so. Look for actors who are comfortable in front of the camera and can also emote and understand the character, rather than just being good at naturalistic reactions to real situations.
- Actors should audition with the most emotional scenes, to make sure the right notes can be hit. One of the largest challenges of working with children will be helping them dramatic emotions like crying or a tantrum believably.
- Make sure actors who will appear on screen together can give performances that match in style and tone, and can be cut together, so they seem to inhabit the same world. Actors should be similarly naturalistic or 'big' depending on the director's needs.
- In addition to auditioning acting ability, you are also looking for a child's stamina and concentration. If they get frustrated quickly, or can't put up with having to repeat something multiple times, they aren't cut out for your set.
- When you're casting a kid, you're also casting the parents. Look for parents who are going to be understanding about the process, willing to commit all the time and energy that is required, and who are on board with the project in general.
- It is also advisable to be very clear and direct with parents regarding expectations and what will happen, otherwise you may lose their cooperation.
Loading more stuff…
Loading videos…


Learn More
We present geographic multicast routing (GMR), a new multicast routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. GMR manages to preserve the good properties of previous geographic unicast routing schemes while being able to efficiently deliver multicast data messages to multiple destinations. It is a fully-localized algorithm (only needs information provided(More)
Geographic Routing (GR) algorithms, require nodes to periodically transmit HELLO messages to allow neighbors know their positions (beaconing mechanism). To reduce the control overhead due to theses messages, beacon-less routing algorithms have recently been proposed. However, existing beacon-less algorithms have not considered realistic physical layers.(More)
BACKGROUND The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL(More)
—We present geographic multicast routing (GMR), a new multicast routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It is a fully localized algorithm that efficiently delivers multicast data messages to multiple destinations. It does not require any type of flooding throughout the network. Each node propagating a multicast data message needs to select a subset(More)
Coral-algal symbiosis has been a subject of great attention during the last two decades in response to global coral reef decline. However, the occurrence and dispersion of free-living dinoflagellates belonging to the genus Symbiodinium are less documented. Here ecological and molecular evidence is presented demonstrating the existence of demersal(More)
Growth rates of branches of colonies of the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae were monitored for 2 years on a reef at San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Images of 261 colonies were made at 6-month intervals and colony and branch growth analyzed. Branch growth rates differed between colonies and between the time intervals in which the measurements were(More)
Seamount-associated faunas are often considered highly endemic but isolation and diversification processes leading to such endemism have been poorly documented at those depths. Likewise, species delimitation and phylogenetic studies in deep-sea organisms remain scarce, due to the difficulty in obtaining samples, and sometimes controversial. The phylogenetic(More)
Most usage scenarios for ad hoc and sensor networks require some degree of one-to-many or many-to-many interactions. In particular, for the case of sensor networks there is a number of scenarios in which a node has to send the same data to multiple destinations. Given that sensor networks have very limited resources, multicasting is a very interesting(More)
Despite the relative simplicity of their modular growth, marine invertebrates such as arborescent gorgonian octocorals (Octocorallia: Cnidaria) generate complex colonial forms. Colony form in these taxa is a consequence of modular (polyp) replication, and if there is a tight integration among modular and supramodular traits (e.g. polyp aperture, inter-polyp(More)
BACKGROUND Colonial invertebrates such as corals exhibit nested levels of modularity, imposing a challenge to the depiction of their morphological evolution. Comparisons among diverse Caribbean gorgonian corals suggest decoupling of evolution at the polyp vs. branch/internode levels. Thus, evolutionary change in polyp form or size (the colonial module sensu(More)


text:
- Within a scroll bar, the box that can be moved in the desired direction, to navigate within a file or window. For instance, by utilizing a mouse to slide the elevator downwards within a vertical scroll bar, a user advances further ahead in a displayed document. Also called elevator, or scroll box.
- verb to glance through the pages of a book or magazine
- noun the short thick finger, with only two bones, which is separated from the other four fingers on the hand
Origin & History of "thumb"
The thumb is etymologically the 'swollen' part – an allusion to its greater thickness than the other fingers. along with its relatives German daumen and Dutch duim, it goes back to a prehistoric west Germanic *thūmon. this in turn can be traced to Indo-European *tum- 'swell', which also produced English tumour and tumult. The b in thumb appeared in the early middle English period, when it was still a two-syllable word (thumbe), and at first was pronounced, but it has fallen silent over the centuries.


Graph Properties & Measurements
Many algorithms and procedures require graphs with certain properties. These can be basic properties, such as being undirected, or deeper topology properties, such as being connected or acyclic. In some areas, a key problem is to decide whether two graphs are the same if the vertex names are replaced, i.e. to test whether they are isomorphic.
The Wolfram Language supports a broad range of measures that characterize graphs, from simple measures, such as the number of vertices and edges, which tell the size and sparsity of a graph, to vertex degrees, which tell how locally well connected each vertex is. Other measures include the geodesic distances in a graph or centrality measures, which give a measure of how central in the overall graph each vertex is; for example, PageRank and HITS are measures used to order web page importance as returned from a search engine.
ReferenceReference
Basic Properties
GraphQ test whether an expression is a graph object
DirectedGraphQ, UndirectedGraphQ test whether a graph is directed or undirected
MultigraphQ, MixedGraphQ test whether a graph is a multigraph or a mixed graph
EdgeQ ▪ VertexQ ▪ EmptyGraphQ ▪ WeightedGraphQ ▪ CompleteGraphQ
Structural Properties
SimpleGraphQ test whether a graph is simple
AcyclicGraphQ test whether a graph is acyclic
BipartiteGraphQ ▪ ConnectedGraphQ ▪ EulerianGraphQ ▪ HamiltonianGraphQ ▪ PathGraphQ ▪ PlanarGraphQ ▪ TreeGraphQ ▪ LoopFreeGraphQ
Graph Isomorphism
IsomorphicGraphQ test whether two graphs are the same after vertex renaming
FindGraphIsomorphism find the graph isomorphism as a list of rules
CanonicalGraph ▪ GraphAutomorphismGroup
Basic Measures
VertexCount, EdgeCount give the number of vertices and edges in a graph
VertexDegree give the number of edges for each vertex
VertexInDegree ▪ VertexOutDegree ▪ GraphHub
Distance Measures
GraphDistance the length of the shortest path between two vertices
MeanGraphDistance ▪ GraphDistanceMatrix ▪ VertexEccentricity ▪ GraphRadius ▪ GraphDiameter
Connectivity Measures
VertexConnectivity the number of vertex-independent paths between two vertices
EdgeConnectivity the number of edge-independent paths between two vertices
GraphDensity fraction of edges to the possible edges in a graph
Centrality Measures
ClosenessCentrality inverse average distance to every other vertex
BetweennessCentrality fraction of shortest paths that pass through the vertex
DegreeCentrality ▪ EigenvectorCentrality ▪ KatzCentrality ▪ PageRankCentrality ▪ HITSCentrality ▪ RadialityCentrality ▪ StatusCentrality ▪ EdgeBetweennessCentrality ▪ LinkRankCentrality
Reciprocity and Transitivity
GraphReciprocity fraction of directed edges that are reciprocated
GlobalClusteringCoefficient fraction of length-two paths that are closed
MeanClusteringCoefficient ▪ LocalClusteringCoefficient
Homophily, Assortative Mixing, and Similarity
GraphAssortativity within-group connectivity minus between-group connectivity
VertexCorrelationSimilarity correlation similarity between actors
MeanNeighborDegree ▪ MeanDegreeConnectivity ▪ VertexDiceSimilarity ▪ VertexJaccardSimilarity ▪ VertexCosineSimilarity
Translate this page:


text:
Exercise 1: Write a complete program to read a string of characters from the standard input and insert them in the stack. Print the size of the stack when you are done after the stack is filled out. Then, print out to the screen all the vowels in reverse order.
Use classes and functions to do the above program.
Exercise 2: Write a program that takes marks of 10 students and store them in the stack then take out these from the stack and print the average of all the marks of 10 students.
Hint : make sure that every time you do a push operation you should check if the stack is not full and in pop operation you should check if the stack is not empty.


the geocentric watch concept is the creation of designer geoffry cooper. the idea for this exposed wristwatch is inspired by the motion of the planets orbiting around the sun. the watch face is composed of two rings which are always in motion. the time is told by seeing where the two inner rings are located in respect to the outside ring. the inner most ring is used to represent seconds while the middle ring signifies minutes. the watch has a simple white plastic band that highlights the exposed inner workings of the watch on the face.
geoffry cooper: geocentric watch


Numbers run
From Cacheopedia
Revision as of 09:09, 6 July 2009 by NiraD (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
A numbers run is a geocaching trip focused on finding a very large number of geocaches, possibly 100 or more finds in a day.
A numbers run requires advance planning. Choose a cache-dense location that is near enough not to require a long drive to reach, yet far enough that you haven't found many caches there. Use a pocket query to identify a large number of traditional caches that can be found quickly. Focus on clusters of caches with lower difficulty ratings, located near convenient parking. Plan a route that minimizes driving time (e.g., avoiding left turns and known traffic problems), and plan more caches than you expect to find, so you can skip some (depending on what happens the day of the hunt) and still hit your target number.
Do not include multi-caches. If you're feeling ambitious, then you can solve some puzzle caches in advance and include them if they look like a quick find. Avoid caches with recent DNFs, or that require stealth. You may want to avoid known nano-caches, both because they can be hard to find and because signing and rerolling the log takes too long.
Include plans for bathroom breaks, food and beverages, fuel stops, etc. Decide in advance how you'll sign the logs, perhaps with a team name that is short, or with adhesive labels. Also decide how you'll keep track of which caches were found, which were skipped, etc., and how you're going to share the responsibility for driving.
Before the big day, get plenty of sleep, make sure you're hydrated, and generally take care of yourself. Make sure you have multiple GPS receivers with the selected caches, plenty of extra batteries, snacks, clipboards, etc. Basically, prepare for an all-day hunt.
The day of the numbers run, start early and just keep going. Once you start the hunt, everything is about efficiency. It isn't about individual finds; it's about the numbers run. If a cache is taking too long to find, then skip it and move on.
Personal tools


Exploring the Skies: The Ultimate Guide to Mexico Aerial Surveys by Helicopter
The Importance of Mexico Aerial Surveys by Helicopter
Aerial surveys conducted by helicopters in Mexico play a crucial role in numerous industries and contribute significantly to the advancement of scientific research, urban planning, and natural resource management. Unlike fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters offer unparalleled maneuverability and the ability to hover over specific locations, allowing for meticulous data collection even in rugged and isolated terrain. This proves particularly beneficial in Mexico's diverse landscapes that range from dense jungles to arid deserts and complex coastal environments.
Infrastructure Development is one sector where helicopter aerial surveys are indispensable. They provide a wealth of information for the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, and other critical structures. By capturing high-resolution imagery and topographic data, these surveys enable precise planning and implementation of infrastructure projects. In addition, they aid in identifying potential geohazards that may affect existing infrastructures, such as landslides or erosion patterns, which are especially pertinent in Mexico's regions that are prone to seismic activity.
Environmental conservation efforts also benefit greatly from aerial surveys conducted by helicopter. Data collected from these flights are essential for monitoring wildlife populations, tracking migratory patterns, and assessing the health of ecosystems. They allow for the effective enforcement of environmental regulations, and for the management of Mexico's rich biodiversity, including endangered species and protected areas. The ability to cover large areas efficiently means that helicopters are an indispensable tool for those working to preserve Mexico's unique and varied natural heritage.
Advancements in Helicopter Technology for Aerial Surveys in Mexico
The evolution of helicopter technology has vastly improved the efficiency and accuracy of aerial surveys across various industries in Mexico. With the advent of modern onboard sensors and high-resolution cameras, helicopters are now able to capture detailed images and data from the air, providing valuable insights for tasks such as mapping, resource exploration, and environmental monitoring. These advancements have positioned helicopters as indispensable tools for swift and precise geographical assessments.
One significant leap in technology includes the integration of Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems, which are particularly useful in densely vegetated areas. Such LIDAR-equipped helicopters can penetrate canopy layers to produce topographic maps of the ground surface. In Mexico, this is particularly helpful for archaeologists who are exploring the vast and often inaccessible jungles in search of ancient ruins, as well as for the mining industry in prospecting and planning operations in challenging terrain.
Further enhancements in GPS technology and inertial measurement units (IMUs) have also been pivotal. The accuracy of geographic data collected during aerial surveys has substantially increased, allowing helicopters to provide precise location information that is critical for sectors like urban planning and disaster management. Projects in Mexico's growing cities and preparations for natural occurrences such as hurricanes and earthquakes have greatly benefited from these technological improvements.
In addition to hardware innovations, advancements in data processing software have revolutionized how survey data is utilized. Sophisticated software enables real-time data analysis and the creation of 3D models, which can be immediately available to decision-makers and stakeholders. This is especially important in project planning and management, where time-sensitive decisions rely on the most current and detailed survey data available.
Key Applications of Helicopter Aerial Surveys in Mexican Industries
Below the H2 header, you would start adding informational content about the applications of helicopter aerial surveys in Mexico. Here is the content with the use of HTML tags for headings, lists, and emphasis:
«'html
Helicopter aerial surveys in Mexico have proven to be invaluable in numerous sectors, thanks to their flexibility and the unique vantage point they offer. These aerial platforms provide industries with data and imagery that can be leveraged to enhance decision-making processes and operational efficiency.
Mining Exploration and Management
In the mining industry, helicopter surveys are instrumental for geological mapping and mineral exploration. They allow for rapid assessment of remote and difficult-to-access terrains. The high-resolution imagery and topographic information gathered support mining companies in determining potential sites for extraction and monitoring existing operations for environmental compliance and safety.
Precision Agriculture and Land Management
Agriculture in Mexico benefits from helicopter surveys through advanced crop analysis and irrigation planning. These surveys facilitate precision farming practices by identifying areas in need of attention, assessing crop health, and managing resources more effectively. The aerial perspective helps in improving yields and reducing waste, ultimately contributing to sustainable agricultural development.
Infrastructure Development and Maintenance
For infrastructure development, helicopters provide an efficient method for the inspection and monitoring of large-scale construction projects such as roads, bridges, and pipelines. The aerial data collected ensures that project timelines are adhered to, and that the infrastructure is built to the required standards. Moreover, ongoing maintenance checks from the air can detect issues before they escalate, saving time and resources.
Disaster Response and Humanitarian Aid
Helicopter surveys are crucial in the aftermath of natural disasters, such as hurricanes and earthquakes, which Mexico is prone to. They offer a rapid means to assess damage, identify impacted communities, and coordinate relief efforts. This real-time information is vital for effective disaster response and for guiding humanitarian aid to the areas where it is most needed.
«'
Each of these sections could be further expanded with additional paragraphs, bullet-point lists, and multimedia such as images or videos to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. However, as per your instruction, the content was written in the form of five standalone paragraphs, each pointing out a different application of helicopter aerial surveys in Mexican industries.
Case Studies: Success Stories of Mexico Aerial Surveys by Helicopter
In recent years, Mexico has witnessed a significant rise in the use of helicopters for aerial surveying across various sectors. These case studies showcase the innovative ways in which helicopter surveys have contributed to successful outcomes in environmental, archaeological, and infrastructure projects.
Environmental Monitoring in the Gulf of Mexico
The use of helicopters for environmental monitoring has been transformative, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico. Helicopters equipped with advanced sensors conducted comprehensive oceanographic surveys, capturing data on water temperatures, salinity levels, and aquatic life. These aerial surveys provided critical information for the conservation of marine habitats and informed response strategies to pollution incidents. Notably, helicopter surveys were instrumental in monitoring the aftermath of oil spill incidents, offering rapid assessment capabilities that were essential for minimizing environmental damage.
Quizás también te interese: Seamless Skies: Capturing an HVAC Helicopter Lift in a Time Lapse Video
Archaeological Discoveries in the Mayan Jungles
Mexico's dense jungles have long concealed ancient Mayan ruins, but helicopter surveys have opened a new chapter in archaeological exploration. Employing LIDAR technology, helicopters penetrated the thick jungle canopy revealing undiscovered structures and advancing our understanding of Mayan civilization. One particularly striking discovery was an expansive network of ruins that reshaped historians' views on Mayan urbanization. Such findings, inaccessible by traditional ground methods, underscore the value of helicopters in enhancing our historical knowledge while preserving the integrity of these cultural treasures.
Quizás también te interese: Sunrise Powerlink Ceremony: Celebrating a Milestone in Renewable Energy Integration
Infrastructure Planning and Development
Infrastructure development is another area where aerial surveys by helicopter have made a marked impact. Before the construction of new roadways and pipelines, helicopters have provided detailed topographic and geospatial analysis in regions where rugged terrain poses a challenge. This has streamlined project timelines and reduced the costs associated with ground surveys. In the case of the Durango-Mazatlán Highway, helicopter survey data enabled engineers to design a route that optimized cost-efficiency and minimized environmental disruption. The success of this project paves the way for future infrastructure endeavors to incorporate aerial surveys at the planning stage.
How to Choose the Right Service for Your Mexico Aerial Surveys by Helicopter
When it comes to performing aerial surveys in Mexico by helicopter, choosing the right service provider is crucial for obtaining accurate and reliable data. With the country's diverse landscapes, varying from bustling urban centers to remote natural reserves, you need a helicopter service that is knowledgeable and equipped to handle your specific survey needs. Prioritize companies with a strong track record in aerial surveying and that utilize pilots with extensive experience in navigating the unique terrain of Mexico.
Survey precision is dependent on both the expertise of the flight crew and the technology used. Ensure that the helicopter service you opt for employs advanced navigation and imaging systems. High-resolution cameras, LiDAR systems, and GPS technology are key to capturing detailed images and data. Inquire about the types of equipment they use and the resolution at which they capture imagery to gauge whether their service meets the demands of your aerial survey project.
Quizás también te interese: Ensuring Safety: In-Depth Guide to Powerline Inspections for Wildfire Risk Reduction in San Bernardino & Riverside
Consider the safety protocols of the helicopter service, as aerial surveys often require flying at lower altitudes or in complex flight patterns. A reputable company should have an impeccable safety record and pilots well-versed in flying under various conditions. They should adhere to all of Mexico's aviation safety regulations, and it is recommended to verify their certifications and insurance coverage before engagement.
Timeliness and project management skills are essential, especially when your survey timeline is tight. The service provider should be able to adhere to your schedule while ensuring data quality. Look for companies that offer comprehensive project management, including clear communication, milestone reporting, and swift problem resolution. This guarantees that your aerial survey is performed efficiently and within the established timeframe.
Finally, don't underestimate the importance of local knowledge in conducting aerial surveys. Choosing a service with experience in Mexico means they are likely familiar with the logistical and bureaucratic aspects unique to the country. They can navigate permit applications, restricted airspace, and other local regulations that might otherwise delay your project. Selecting a service with a deep understanding of Mexican airspace will streamline your aerial survey process.
🚁 The best helicopter tours over Mexico City 🌆
Dive


Hand Drawn Animation for Beginners (Rough Animator) | Patrick Davidson | Skillshare
Hand Drawn Animation for Beginners (Rough Animator)
Patrick Davidson, Expat Animator
Hand Drawn Animation for Beginners (Rough Animator)
Patrick Davidson, Expat Animator
Play Speed
 - 0.5x
 - 1x (Normal)
 - 1.25x
 - 1.5x
 - 2x
13 Lessons (37m)
 - 1. Class Trailer
 - 2. Setting Up a New Project
 - 3. Overview of Tool Palettes
 - 4. Using the Drawing Tools
 - 5. Rough Animation
 - 6. Clean Up Drawings
 - 7. Animation Timing
 - 8. Animate a Cycle
 - 9. Fixing Your Drawings
 - 10. Saving Your Work
 - 11. Adding Sound Effects
 - 12. Export Options
 - 13. Recap
 - --
 - Beginner level
 - Intermediate level
 - Advanced level
 - All levels
 - Beg/Int level
 - Int/Adv level
Community Generated
About This Class
Do you like to draw? Have you ever wanted to see your drawings come to life? This class will teach you how to make a 5-second animation with as little as 12 drawings! This class is for beginners or animators looking for an easy to learn program for 2D hand-drawn animation. If you can draw stick figures, you can take this class.
Meet Your Teacher
Teacher Profile Image
Patrick Davidson
Expat Animator
Class Ratings
Expectations Met?
 - Exceeded!
 - Yes
 - Somewhat
 - Not really
Reviews Archive
Your creative journey starts here.
 - Unlimited access to every class
 - Supportive online creative community
 - Learn offline with Skillshare's app
Why Join Skillshare?
Take award-winning Skillshare Original Classes
Each class has short lessons, hands-on projects
Your membership supports Skillshare teachers
Learn From Anywhere
1. Class Trailer: do you like to draw? Have you ever wanted to see your drawings come to life? This class will teach you how to make a five second animation with as little as 12 drawings For our class project, you will learn how to animate a dog howling, complete with sound effects. Class requirements are that you will need to purchase a program called Rough Animator, which is $5. It runs on a Mac PC or a tablet running IOS Android or Kindle Fire. This class is for beginners or animators looking for an easy to learn program to get into two D hand drawn animation. If you can draw stick figures, you can take this class. Hi there. My name is Patrick Davidson, demographics freelancer and part time animator. I've been animating for over 20 years now, and I've worked on projects from TV commercials to feed your family. I worked mainly in two D or hand drawn animation. My favorite personal animated projects are the Web comedy series Traveling Green Goes and My Action, Siri's Trap. I'm also an ex pats in California living in my new adopted country of Costa Rica, but enough about me. Let's get into this class 2. Setting Up a New Project: Welcome to our class. Let's get started. But switch over here too. Rough animator. And we're gonna hit Start a new project. I'm going to keep the resolution at 7 20 p. 24 frames, so you could do larger if you want. That's what I'm gonna work at and just get situated here. Zoom out with up with command minus man Plus goes larger. Hold the space bar down and you get the hand and you can move the whole canvas around. 3. Overview of Tool Palettes: Here's our timeline up here to give ourselves a more room. And let's just look at the tools real fast. So we came up here to window. We can see there's Maybe there's five main tool palettes. So we've got tools which are your drawing tools, razor etcetera. And we'll get into that tool options, which is this in the bottom right corner here. And you'll see that this will change depending on what? To your in on the right. And then we've got timeline, which is this up top here, and we'll get into that what that's got, then we've got preferences, and this I only use occasionally. So we'll we'll pull that up when we need it. Not needed. Open right now and then. Color palette. We can use that as well, but I'm gonna close it for now. We want black for now. 4. Using the Drawing Tools: So I'm gonna grab the breast tool, and I'm a switch from my house to my pen on my my tablet here. And I just want to do a rough sketch of our dog here. So I'm gonna start making some surks, um, shapes triangle for the nose oval for the ears, and we're gonna do an oval for the body here, give a little tail, and what we want to do is gonna give him a couple of feed in the back and some feet in the front here. We're gonna get him some eyes, couple of circles there, and my eyebrows gonna give him a triangle nose. And at this stage, I just want to sketch quickly We're not doing Then we're not doing going for the world's best drawing right now. We can do that. And later, this is our roofs basically, and that's a good time to come up here. And we're gonna name this layer because that's what we're drawing on here by by default. Gonna call this refs and come back here actually want these, uh, legs to be a little longer. There's a few ways to do that. I'm gonna grab the eraser tool and just erase what I've drawn here. And actually, I want a bigger eraser. So let's go ahead and let's double that up to 50 and you can see that it gets bigger. Let's go ahead and go to 100 and even bigger Still back over to our brush. And let's just give this little port dog Isam feet here, okay? I'll give him a spot on his back. So for the time being, I'm just going to sketch things in. I'm not gonna spend too much time on detail. And was again the Zahra refs. Uh, she was giving lip there. Okay, Um actually, I don't know if I like that years, so let's erase that clean about just a little bit here, My bottom lip. All right, so let's let's go with that. Okay, Now we've got our rough drawing the next. What I want to do is I want to basically do all of my animation as Ruff's, and then we're gonna go back over when we're going to create a new layer on top of the Ruff's and we're gonna do cleaner drawings. What I want to do is just come up here and click Add drawing. Now we're gonna add after or we could duplicate after these air the options it's giving us, Uh, let's try duplicate after, actually. So now you see here we've got two frames and they're the same frame. But what I want to do on the second frame is we're gonna come over here, we're gonna race, and when I raise his whole head and I'm gonna redraw it that way down to redraw the body, go back to my brush and let's draw s'more shapes here a couple of ovals and let's keep drying. So what we're drawing here is we're drawing a dog howling. And as our little guy here is howling, we're gonna have some animation happened. Meantime, let's just do a quick little drawing here. Now we can see is back or his front paw here. Okay, so now we've actually got some animation. You were just the two drawing so we can kind of flip back and forth and you can see the animation. One thing I notice is that kind of drawn him a little bit high. So if I want to move this drawing, I want to move all of my drawings. So the move Multiple drawings. When a center this a little bit Drop him down a little bit. So we hit Edit multiple. When we get our little bounding box here, it looks like you can click and drag this and select. Now we've got both selected as they both have highlighted. So now I want to grab him over here and grab the lasso tool, and we're just gonna grab all of the drawing. And then we could just click and drag and drop him down in the center where we want him. And I believe we can scale up and down ones were in this as well. So when we're done, we just click outside of that and you can see we still got both or all of the frames selected. So we're just going to come up here and select one, and now you can see we've moved all of our drawings at one time, so that's how to do that. 5. Rough Animation: to go back to our brush because what we want to do is at a few details of animation here. And one thing I want to do in the second drawing is I want to add some animation to his tail. So let's come here and let's erase the tail. And then I'm gonna go back to my brush, and then


Tag: wildfire
Putting Out Fires by Throwing Money on Them
Now that forest fires are in the news, someone noticed that President Obama has proposed a new way of funding wild firefighting. Instead of borrowing from its fuels treatment funds when the Forest Service exhausts its regular fire-fighting budget, Obama wants to let the agency draw upon a new "special disaster account" that is "adjusted each year to reflect the 10-year average cost of responding to such events."
Treating excessive firefighting costs by giving the Forest Service more money makes as much sense as attempting to suppress forest fires by throwing gasoline on them. In case you don't hear the sarcasm, it makes no sense at all.
Obama is focusing on the wrong problem, the drawdown of funds intended for fuel treatments. The real problem is the incentives the Forest Service has to spend wildly on firefighting.
As far as I know, no democracy has given any government agency a blank check to accomplish any goal–except the Forest Service for fighting fires. Even the Pentagon was given budgets for fighting World War II, the Cold War, and other wars. But in 1908, Congress gave the Forest Service a blank check for firefighting, saying the agency could spend as much as it needed to suppress fires, and Congress would reimburse it later.
Fire! Fire! Fire!
Why doesn't this happen?
Photo credit: MB Trama and DisneyKrazie on Flickr.


text:
Smoke from moorland wildfires may hold toxic blast from the past | Innovation Tech
THE UK's largest wildfire for decades is almost under control after blazing for a week during the country's longest heat wave since 1976. But with no rain forecast for at least a week, peat burning underground at Saddleworth Moor near Manchester could continue to smoulder, generating hazardous smoke. The same could happen on moorland at Winter Hill (pictured), 50 kilometres away, which burned for five days before being put out.
Fire chiefs tackling the Saddleworth blaze say it has consumed up to 20 square kilometres of moor and scrubland. Although surface fires are all but out, peat below ground continues to smoulder and can only be completely extinguished with a two or three-day downpour. "Without rain, it's very difficult to put out," says Hugh Coe, a professor of atmospheric composition at the University of Manchester.
As it continues to smoulder and burn, the peat reignites sporadic surface fires, and spews potentially hazardous smoke. "The worst hazard is the small-particulate matter, which exacerbates lung problems, asthma, allergy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder," says Coe. Burning peat debris also gets coated with cancer-causing chemicals called polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
But because of extensive toxic fallout from factories a century ago, there could be other hazards. "There's 100 years' of pollution buried along with the peat as it formed," says Coe. This could mean that toxic heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are taking to the air in fly ash.
This article appeared in print under the headline "Wildfire smoke hazard"
More on these topics:


text:
Historical Field Data
Over past decades, a large number of field-based measurements have been collected or acquired over mangroves throughout Australia but many remain outside the public domain and often there is no or limited knowledge of their existence. For this reason, TERN is encouraging these data to be identified, collated and presented in a common format (with appropriate metadata) for public release. Available datasets can be accessed below.
- Field data, Daintree National Park, Queensland
- Structural characteristics of mangrove forests: Compilation of LAI and other variables for experimental and survey sites
This component allows individuals to submit historical datasets including:
- Plot-based measurements of tree size (e.g., diameter, height, canopy cover), including by species type.
- Dead material
- Soil carbon
These data ideally should be submitted according to pre-established TERN protocols and, for further information, please contact Matt Paget.


text:
Josiah Kirby "Joe" Lilly Jr. (September 25, 1893 – May 5, 1966) was a businessman and industrialist who served as president (1948 –53) and chairman of the board (1953–66) of Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical firm his grandfather, Colonel Eli Lilly, founded in Indianapolis in 1876. Lilly, the younger son and namesake of Josiah K. Lilly Sr., graduated from the University of Michigan's School of Pharmacy in 1914 where he was a member of the Chi Psi Fraternity. He served in the U.S. Army in France during World War I. At Eli Lilly and Company, where his primary focus was marketing and human resources, he served as vice president of marketing, executive vice president of the company, and president of Eli Lilly International Corporation, before succeeded his older brother, Eli Jr., as company president in 1948 and as chairman of the board in 1953.
During Lilly's five decades with the firm, it grew into one of the largest and most influential pharmaceutical corporations in the world, and the largest corporation in Indiana. Lilly helped improve the company's business processes to increase its efficiency, laid the groundwork for its personnel guidelines, and formed its sales research department. He was the last Lilly family member to serve as company president. Lilly was also a philanthropist, as well as a collector. In 1937 Joe, his brother, and their father, founded the Lilly Endowment, which remains as one of the largest charitable foundations in the world. Lilly was also known for his significant collection of rare books and manuscripts, which he donated to Indiana University to form the core collection of the Lilly Library, located on the IU campus in Bloomington, Indiana. Oldfields, Lilly's estate home and grounds in Indianapolis, are part of the present-day Newfields. The Smithsonian Institution acquired Lilly's gold coin collection. Cape Cod's Heritage Museums and Gardens was established in his honor in Sandwich, Massachusetts, and holds some of Lilly's other collections.
Josiah Kirby Lilly Jr., known as "Joe" among friends and family, was the younger son of Josiah K. Lilly Sr. and Lilly (née Ridgley) Lilly. He was born at the family's home on North Pennsylvania Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, on September 25, 1893. His only sibling, Eli Jr., was eight years older. Joe's mother suffered from pernicious anemia and died in 1934; his father died in 1948.
Lilly was the grandson of ColonelEli Lilly, who founded Eli Lilly and Company, a pharmaceutical manufacturing business in Indianapolis in 1876. Joe's father was superintendent of the Lilly laboratory at the time of Joe's birth and succeeded Colonel Lilly as president of the company in 1898. Joe and Eli followed their father into the family business. Each son served as company president and chairman of the board, but Joe was the last family member to serve as its president.
Lilly attended the Holderness School in Plymouth, New Hampshire, and graduated from The Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, in 1912. He continued his education with a two-year course at the University of Michigan's School of Pharmacy, which he completed in 1914, before returning to Indianapolis to join the family business.
Joe married Ruth Marie Brinkmeyer of Indianapolis on October 15, 1914. The couple had two children, Ruth (1915–2009) and Josiah (Joe) III (1916–1995). Lilly's daughter became a philanthropist. His son joined the family business in 1939 and became superintendent of its Kentucky Avenue plant after serving in the military during World War II; however, he resigned from the company in 1948 and did not succeed his father as president. In 1954, after briefly serving as secretary of the Lilly Endowment, Josiah III resigned and moved to New England.
In December 1932 Lilly purchased Oldfields, a French chateau-style home with landscaped gardens, from Hugh McKennan Landon, an Indianapolis businessman. Lewis Ketcham Davis designed the home, which was built circa 1909–13; Percival Gallagher, an associate of the Olmsted Brothers, designed its gardens. Lilly and his wife, Ruth, maintained the home as their primary residence. Oldfields and its landscaped grounds were donated to the Art Association of Indianapolis in 1967 and became a part the Indianapolis Museum of Art.
In 1934 Lilly began acquiring additional land along Eagle Creek in Marion County's Pike Township, northwest of downtown Indianapolis, to create Eagle Crest, a private retreat on 3,469 acres (1,404 hectares) of land. The secluded property included an operating farm and timberland, as well as a nature preserve. In 1936 Lilly moved his collection of rare books and manuscripts from his home to the library he had built on the property, which also included a lodge. Lilly donated the property to Purdue University in 1958. The Indianapolis Department of Parks and Recreation acquired Eagle Crest from the university in 1966 to establish Eagle Creek Park and Nature Preserve.
In 1955 Lilly acquired the Indianapolis home of Lyman S. Ayres II, the grandson of Lyman S. Ayres, who founded the L. S. Ayres and Company department stores. Ayres had the Colonial-style home on Kessler Boulevard, West Drive, built in 1941. The Lilly family purchase adjoining property to expand the estate, known as Twin Oaks, to 22 acres (8.9 hectares). Lilly's daughter, Ruth, lived there until her death in 2009, and it remains privately owned. He also maintained a summer home, called Red Oaks, at Falmouth, Massachusetts.


text:
On Thursday 8th February, the Year 4 children enjoyed a science day focusing on changes in state. They were lucky enough to be given the chance to enter the science lab and experience a variety of hands on investigations.
The children delighted in being able to use Bunsen burners to investigate the different melting points of a variety of solids from cheese to candle wax. Through this experience, the children found out about reversible and non reversible changes and watched carefully as the newly created liquids returned to a solid state.
The children were also challenged to find the most effective thermal insulator. Pingu needed his ice lolly to be kept cold and so it was up to the children to determine which covering was the most effective at keeping the heat out. This task required them to make predictions as to the most and least effective insulators.
The day's investigations also helped develop the children's understanding of the movement of heat and gave them the opportunity to practise measuring and recording temperature changes. An informative and exciting day was had by all!