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When it comes to tennis equipment, choosing the right racket is crucial. A good racket can help you improve your game, while a bad one can hinder your progress. Among the many factors that determine the quality of this piece of equipment, weight is one of the most important. In this article, we will explore the differences between heavy and light tennis rackets and help you choose the one that is right for your game.
Tennis rackets come in different shapes, sizes, and weights. One of the most important factors to consider when choosing the proper one is its weight.
A heavy unit can provide more power and stability, while a lighter one can offer more speed and maneuverability. In the sections below, we will explore the pros and cons of both types and help you make an informed decision.
Heavy Tennis Racket
Heavy tennis rackets have long been the preferred choice of many professional and advanced players. They are designed to provide maximum power and stability on every shot, allowing players to hit with more pace and depth.
Heavy rackets typically weigh between 11 and 14 ounces and feature larger head sizes that offer a larger sweet spot and more forgiving contact. They also offer better shock absorption, which reduces the risk of injury and fatigue during long matches or training sessions.
One of the key advantages of heavy tennis rackets is their ability to generate power effortlessly. The extra weight of these rackets enables players to hit with more force and momentum, even on shots that require a longer swing or a heavier topspin.
They also offer superior stability and balance, which allows players to maintain their form and technique throughout the match. However, they may require more strength and endurance to wield, especially for players who have a slower swing speed or suffer from arm or shoulder injuries.
When it is all said and done, it is safe to say that heavy tennis rackets are a powerful and reliable choice for players who prioritize power, stability, and consistency on the court.
- More Power: They can generate more power on contact, making it easier to hit winners and put away volleys.
- Stability: Heavy rackets provide more stability and control, making it easier to hit accurate shots and keep the ball in play.
- Larger Sweet Spot: They have larger head sizes, which offer a larger sweet spot, making it easier to hit shots with power and accuracy.
- Reduced Vibration: Heavy rackets offer better shock absorption, reducing the impact on your arm and wrist.
- Less Maneuverability: Heavy rackets can be difficult to maneuver, making it harder to hit shots on the run or react to fast serves.
- More Tiring: These rackets require more effort to swing, which can be tiring over a long match.
- More Difficult to Use: They require a strong swing and good technique, making them more difficult to use for beginners or players with weaker swings.
Light Tennis Racket
Light tennis rackets are generally favored by players who value agility and speed on the court. They are ideal for anyone who prefers a fast-paced game and has a natural swing speed that allows them to generate power without the need for additional weight.
Light rackets are also an excellent option for players who suffer from arm or shoulder injuries and need a more forgiving racket that puts less strain on their joints.
One of the key benefits of light tennis rackets is their maneuverability. Due to their reduced weight, these rackets are easier to swing and adjust during rallies, making them suitable for players who like to mix up their shots and create different angles.
These units also offer more control and precision than heavier models, as they allow players to place the ball with greater accuracy and finesse. However, they may require more effort to generate power and depth, especially on shots that require a longer swing or a heavier topspin.
- More Maneuverability: They are easy to maneuver, making it easier to hit shots on the run or react to fast serves.
- More Speed: Light rackets are easier to swing, which allows you to generate more racket head speed, giving you more power and spin on your shots.
- More Control: These rackets come with smaller head sizes, which offer more control and precision, making it easier to hit accurate shots.
- Less Power: Light rackets generate less power on contact, making it harder to hit winners and put away volleys.
- Less Stability: They offer less stability and control, making it harder to hit accurate shots and keep the ball in play.
Factors to Consider When Choosing between Heavy and Light Tennis Rackets
Ultimately, the choice between a heavy or light tennis racket depends on your playing style, skill level, and physical condition. Here are some factors to consider when making your decision:
1. Playing Style
If you play a baseline game and rely on power shots, a heavy racket may be the better choice. Conversely, if you play a more defensive game and rely on speed and maneuverability, a light racket may be more suitable.
2. Skill Level
If you are a beginner or intermediate player, a lighter racket may be easier to handle and less tiring to use. However, as you progress in skill level and physical condition, you may want to consider transitioning to a heavier racket to gain more power and control.
3. Physical Condition
If you have weak arm or wrist strength or suffer from injuries, a lighter racket may be the safer and more comfortable choice. However, if you have the strength and conditioning to handle a heavier racket, you may benefit from the additional power and stability.
4. Court Surface
The court surface you play on can also affect your choice of racket weight. For example, if you play on a fast court, a heavier racket may help you generate more power and momentum. Conversely, on a slow court, a lighter racket may help you maneuver more easily.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How do I know if a racket is too heavy for me?
A racket may be too heavy for you if you feel fatigued or lose control during matches or if you experience pain or discomfort in your arm or shoulder. You can try different weights and balance points to find the right racket for your level and style of play.
2. Can a heavy racket improve my serve?
Yes, a heavy racket can help you generate more power and control on your serve, especially if you have a strong arm and use a continental grip. However, you should also work on your technique and footwork to maximize your serve effectiveness.
3. Is it better to use a heavy or light tennis racket?
It depends on your playing style and preferences. Heavy rackets provide more power and stability, but they require more effort to swing. Light rackets are easier to maneuver and can help you generate more spin and speed, but they may lack control and stability.
4. Are light rackets more suitable for beginners?
Light rackets can be more forgiving and easier to handle for beginners who are still developing their strokes and coordination. However, they may also promote bad habits and limit your potential in the long run. It's important to find a racket that balances comfort, control, and performance for your level and goals.
5. Can I use a hybrid of heavy and light rackets?
Yes, you can customize your racket setup by combining different weights, strings, grips, and dampeners to suit your needs and preferences. For example, you can use a heavy racket for your groundstrokes and a light racket for your volleys, or vice versa. Just make sure you experiment and practice with your new setup before using it in matches.
Choosing the right tennis racket is crucial for players of all levels and styles. The decision between a heavy and a light one ultimately comes down to personal preference and individual playing style.
While a light racket offers more maneuverability and control, a heavy one provides more power and stability on every shot. Players should consider factors such as their swing speed, physical condition, and playing goals when selecting a tennis racket that fits their needs.
Furthermore, it is important to remember that a tennis racket is just one of many factors that contribute to a successful game. Consistent practice, proper technique, and mental focus are also essential components of a winning strategy.
Ultimately, whether you choose a heavy or light racket, the key to success is to find the one that complements your playing style and helps you achieve your goals on the court. By making an informed decision and putting in the hard work, any player can improve their game and take their tennis skills to the next level.
We recently published an article about tennis net height that you should check out if you want to find out more about the universal rules of the game.


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The Onions are the nests of the Pikmin. Olimar named them so because of their resemblance to a vegetable native to his home planet. These bulbous plant-hives have brightly colored bodies with a black and white band across the midsection. At the spots the Onions land at the start of each day, there are concentric circles on the ground, which are never referred to in-game. Three stilt-like legs suspend the Onions out of the reach of hungry predators, and provide access to the inside for Pikmin. In Pikmin, Olimar states that he inspected the Onion's legs, and saw they were covered with tiny little hairs. There are three known types of Onion, each with unique coloration corresponding to either Red, Yellow or Blue Pikmin, and only one of each has ever been seen. Subterranean Pikmin species such as Purple Pikmin, White Pikmin and Bulbmin do not have Onions, or at least none that have yet been discovered.
During the daytime, Pikmin hunt and bring food, such as pellets or slain beasts, to the Onion, which in turn produces new Pikmin seeds. If there are fewer than 100 Pikmin on the field, the seeds are ejected and take root in the ground; if not, they are stored inside the Onion, along with any other Pikmin not on the field. When night falls and all the Pikmin have returned, the Onion folds its legs and lifts off from the ground, presumably using its flower petals like rotor blades to propel itself into the low atmosphere, where it hovers until daybreak. If an Onion loses all its Pikmin, it will produce a single seed the following day to prevent extinction.
When the Onions are first discovered in Pikmin, they are dormant. They have a dark grayish color, are flowerless, and their legs are buried in the ground until Olimar comes upon them, at which point they spring to life and spit out a single seed. It is not known exactly what triggers this hibernation.
In Pikmin 3, a mechanical spherical object with legs that resembles an Onion is shown. However, it isn't confirmed what this object does.
 Red Onion
The Red Onion is the first Onion to be discovered in both games. In Pikmin, the Red Onion is found at The Impact Site, dormant in the ground not far from where the S.S. Dolphin crashed. Once awakened, it will release a single Red Pikmin seed which Olimar can use to harvest nearby red Pellet Posies and spawn enough Pikmin to retrieve the Main Engine. In Pikmin 2, Louie finds this Onion in the Valley of Repose when he falls out of the Ship's cockpit and gets lost.
 Yellow Onion
The second Onion the player will come across in both games. In Pikmin, it is found dormant in The Forest of Hope amidst several yellow Pellet Posies and free-standing yellow pellets. In Pikmin 2, the Yellow Onion is located in the Perplexing Pool behind a poison gate protected by a Fiery Bulblax, so White Pikmin and Red Pikmin are required to reach it. There are a few yellow Pellet Posies nearby which will not regrow once they've been harvested.
 Blue Onion
In Pikmin, it can be found in The Forest Navel in a pool near the landing site, and is the third Onion the player discovers. Several blue Pellet Posies are in the immediate vicinity, as well as a free-standing blue 5 pellet. In Pikmin 2, the Blue Onion is located in the Awakening Wood; although it can be seen relatively early in the game, it lies behind an electric gate, meaning that Yellow Pikmin from the Perplexing Pool are required to access it. A small pool blocks the only direct path up to the gate, so the Pikmin must be thrown onto a nearby ledge (while taking care not to disturb the Cloaking Burrow-nit lying in wait there). The Captain can then walk around through some water to reach them, and order them to defeat the beast and demolish the gate, allowing him to find the game's first 5 Blue Pikmin.
For some unknown reason, when landing on an area, the Blue Onion seems to hover a bit before landing, therefore landing slower than the Red Onion and Yellow Onion.
At the end of Pikmin, there is a rather confusing part where fourteen Onions, of colors that have not appeared in a Pikmin game so far, fly above the Planet of the Pikmin. It is unknown whether they are trying to follow Captain Olimar or merely hovering for the night. This could mean that more colors may yet be introduced in Pikmin 3. Interestingly, one of the Onions seen is purple, and Purple Pikmin were indeed introduced in Pikmin 2, but without an Onion.
 In Super Smash Bros. Brawl
In Brawl, the three Onions appear as a trophy and on the "Distant Planet" stage. Here, when a pellet is thrown into one, an item is ejected. The number on the pellet thrown is the amount of items that will appear. More items will appear if the pellet and Onion have the same color, similar to the way it works in the Pikmin games. The Onions can also be hit, and will eventually fly away.
 Brawl Trophy Description
"Items considered to be the places where Pikmin are born. As to the actual biology of the process, much is still unclear. Onions absorb the prey that Pikmin capture and use it to produce new Pikmin. In addition, Onions can take in Pikmin and later release them. These organisms are crowned with distinctive propeller-like sets of leaves that spin around, enabling them to fly."
- For the music in the Forest of Hope, at some points, the propeller petals of an Onion can be heard.
- When Olimar first came upon the Red Onion in Pikmin, he was knocked over by one of the legs as it sprang out of the ground. When he finds the other two later on in the game, he is a little more cautious and backs away.
- If, on a day where Olimar or Louie finds an Onion, and enters a cave after whistling the wild Pikmin, the Onion will be at the landing site when the cave is left.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


"Pilchards! Whose bodies yield the fragrant oil and make the London lamps at midnight smile!" Peter Pindar 1783.
Cornwall once relied upon the sea for nearly everything: food, transport, trade, defence and contact with the outside world. Fishing was always a vital part of the Cornish way of life and in the 18th and 19th Century, pilchard fishing was a major industry. Throughout the summer months large shoals of pilchards were caught off the Cornish coast; then they were taken to pilchard cellars for processing. The pilchards were squeezed flat + oil drained out; producing 18 to 45 litres from each barrel. The oil was mostly sold as lamp oil. Pilchard fishing declined from the mid-20th Century, although small quantities of pilchards are still caught in Cornish waters today.
This home-made lamp, dating to around 1850, used oil from the fish processing to provide light.
Our Cornwall Galleries explore Cornwall's unique maritime heritage over three floors, bringing to life stories of Cornwall's maritime history.


Windows Task Scheduler is a well-known GUI utility tool for automating recurring tasks. Many people don't realize that Task Scheduler does more than schedule scripts, programs, and documents to run at specific times. You can also use the tool to display message boxes and send out email messages. What's more, you can schedule tasks to run based on a number of event triggers, including startup, logon, and even custom events. This article will highlight these event triggers and explain how to get the most from the often overlooked Task Scheduler.
Times Have Changed
There was a time when Task Scheduler was thought to be quite basic and unconfigurable, compared with the cron jobs of UNIX and Linux systems. These days, Task Scheduler is both configurable and capable. So before looking at third-party utilities, determine whether Task Scheduler can already do what you want.
For the purposes of this article, I'll focus on the Windows Server 2008 OS. Although other OSs, such as Windows 7, might differ slightly, Task Scheduler should function in much the same way as described here.
Task Scheduler Basics
Just as you must learn the rules before you can break them, you must become familiar with the basic operation of Task Scheduler before delving into its more esoteric uses. It won't take long.
To open Task Scheduler, you need administrator access. You can use the Control Panel, the Manage command, or taskschd.msc for this task. Figure 1 shows what Task Scheduler looks like when it first opens.
Figure 1: Task Scheduler
Figure 1: Task Scheduler
Creating a New Task
There are three ways to create a new task:
 - Create a basic task
 - Create a non-basic task
 - Import a task
The Create Basic Task menu item will do the job for those tasks that don't require advanced settings, such as task time limits or number of repetitions. Here's how to set up a scheduled task to launch Microsoft Outlook at startup:
1. Click Action from the menu bar, and then click Create Basic Task.
2. Type a name for the task (we'll use Launch Outlook in this example) and an optional description, and then click Next.
3. You now have the option of scheduling the task to run
 - on a calendar-based interval, such as Daily, Weekly, Monthly, or One Time only
 - at common recurring events, such as when the computer starts or when you log on
 - on specific events, such as when a specific event is logged
Select the Triggers tab and then click New.
4. From the Begin the task drop-down list, choose At log on.
5. Choose 1 minute or 2 minutes from the Delay task for drop-down list, to let your PC complete its startup tasks. (I'll explain more about the benefits of this decision later.)
6. Make sure that the Enabled check box is checked, and then click OK to close the New Trigger dialog box.
7. The Action screen, which Figure 2 shows, gives you three actions to choose from:
 - Start a program
 - Send an e-mail
 - Display a message
Select Start a program and then click Next.
Figure 2: Starting a program action
Figure 2: Starting a program action
8. On the Start a Program screen, click the Browse button to locate outlook.exe. In Windows 7, this file will be in one of the following locations:
 - For 64-bit Windows -- C:\program files\microsoft office\office14\
 - For 32-bit Windows -- C:\program files (x86)\microsoft office\office14\
9. Click Next to proceed to the Finish screen.
10. The Finish screen shows the task summary and a check box to display more options after the task is created. Click Finish to create the task, which then is added to the Active Tasks list.
Running the Task on Demand
From the Active Tasks window, you can double-click any scheduled task to open its properties. Any task can be run on demand so that you can manually run it for convenience, testing, or debugging (although the latter can be built in to some extent). Here's how to run a task on demand:
1. In Task Scheduler's central pane, in the Active Tasks list, double-click an item to bring up its properties. The right-hand Actions pane shows options for the Selected Item, as Figure 3 shows.
Figure 3: Run command
Figure 3: Run command
2. Click Run to start the task. You can click the Stop button to abort the process.
Modifying an Existing Task
You can disable a task from its Selected Item menu. To permanently remove the selected task, use the Delete button.
The center pane displays the properties for the selected task. However, these properties are read-only. To gain access to this information in an editable form, click Properties under Selected Item. This action opens a Properties window that provides more fine-grained control to the task's triggers, actions, conditions, and settings, as Figure 4 shows.
Figure 4: Task Settings tab
Figure 4: Task Settings tab
The remainder of this article focuses on these settings and how to use them to set up more intricate scheduled tasks:
 - Schedule a delayed startup script
 - Schedule shutdown after the server has been idle for a certain length of time
 - Execute a Windows PowerShell script
 - Schedule a task based on a specific event
 - Test your tasks
 - Fine-tune an event-triggered task via the Task Scheduler Developer API
How to Schedule a Delayed Startup Script
Delaying the launch of a startup script or application so that the server can finish booting is usually a good idea. There's an option for that in the Advanced Settings section of the New Trigger dialog box.
Now, you might be wondering why you would need such a scheduled task trigger when the Startup folder offers the same functionality. There are a couple good reasons. First, boot-up and logon already place a sizeable load on your computer. Starting processes directly at logon places an additional burden on your computer and can render it unresponsive for quite some time. Using a delayed scheduled task allows you to wait until the computer has finished its business. The second (and more important) reason is that scheduled tasks can be run with more rights than items in the Startup folder, which run under the logged-on user's credentials. User Account Control (UAC) requires an elevated token when attempting to perform certain tasks:
 - Backing up and restoring data
 - Changing group memberships
 - Setting user and group security
 - Creating administrative scripts
 - Creating logon scripts
 - Creating user and group accounts
 - Deploying and upgrading software
Let's create a task to perform a backup after logon. Because we want to configure advanced settings, we'll create a regular task rather than a basic one. The steps are much the same as the ones we used to create our Launch Outlook task, except that you'll start with the Create Task action (instead of Create Basic Task).
On the Create Task dialog box, which Figure 5 shows, you'll set the account and privileges that the task will use. With UAC, users of the admin group have two tokens. The filtered token represents standard user rights. When you click an executable and select Run as administrator, the full token -- which contains admin rights -- is used.
Figure 5: Task Security options
Figure 5: Task Security options
Likewise, when you select Run with highest privileges in the Security options area of the Create Task dialog box, the full token is used. This setting works only when the user is in the admin group, because only those users have two tokens. To run a program with admin rights from a standard user account, you must select Run whether user is logged on or not and then select a user that is a member of the admin group.
Enter the username in the form computername\username -- for instance, server01\administrator. Enter the password as well.
On the Triggers tab, click the New button to open the New Trigger dialog box, which Figure 6 shows. The Delay task for drop-down list gives you six choices, ranging from 30 seconds to 1 day. Unfortunately, you can't define your own delay time; you must make do with the selection that is closest to what you're looking for. In our case, one minute should suffice. Click OK to close the dialog box.
Figure 6: New Trigger dialog box
Figure 6: New Trigger dialog box
On the Actions tab, click the New button. Click the Browse button and locate C:\program files\cwrsync\cwrsync.cmd in the New Action dialog box. (Note that several actions can be associated with the same task.) Click Next to proceed to the Finish screen, and then click Finish to create the task.
How to Schedule Server Shutdown
Here's a scheduled task that uses the Windows Sysinternals PsShutdown utility to shut down a server that has been idle for a certain amount of time. This is a great way to conserve system resources while not in use.
1. Create a new task, as you did in the previous section.
2. In the Program/script text box, enter the following command:
3. Enter the following in the Add arguments text box:
-s -f -c -t 10
4. You can choose to delay the task so that it runs only after the PC has been idle for a certain amount of time. Select 30 minutes from the Delay task for drop-down box.
How to Execute a PowerShell Script as a Scheduled Task
PowerShell is the most powerful administrative tool in Windows, so it's


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This colloquium brings together academics, researchers and aspiring thinkers from across the world to discuss and agree a research agenda in social entrepreneurship for Southern Africa, and potentially the continent. The purpose is to connect academics to each other, to identify research opportunities, and forge partnerships that result in high impact research.
Why is this colloquium important?
Little is known about social entrepreneurship in Southern Africa and more broadly across the continent. But academics, researchers and practitioners here are close to the ground, with excellent networks and a great insight into the research gaps. By connecting and partnering with the international academic community we hope to encourage research into social entrepreneurship that is novel and builds knowledge in our field.
Background to the colloquium
The University of Pretoria and KU Leuven have joined forces to strengthen the academic eco-system for social entrepreneurship in Southern Africa. This four-year project aims to identify and bring together universities and researchers, connecting them to research opportunities and academic partnerships. In this way we strengthen our mutual learning, deepen our understanding of social entrepreneurship in the (Southern) African context and build knowledge and research outputs. The project is led by Profs Filip De Beule from KU Leuven and Alex Antonites from Pretoria, and is supported by Prof. Jeffrey Robinson from Rutgers University.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Indenture between Thomas Tuddenham and Edward Grimston.
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library > Indenture between Thomas Tuddenham and Edward Grimston.
- Indenture between Thomas Tuddenham and Edward Grimston.
- Published / Created
- 1446 March 1.
- Publication Place
Indenture, on parchment, containing an agreement by Thomas Tuddenham to sell his lands at Alestaneswyck (possibly Stanwick St. John, North Yorkshire) to Edward Grimston for 400 marks, to be paid over 3 years. The contract also specifies that a manor in Suffolk will be surety for the purchase of these entailed lands.
Docketed in a later hand.
From the collection of Toshiyuki Takamiya, 2013-.
Indented at head of document with chirographic letters.
Layout: Single column of fifteen lines.
Seal: red wax seal with the crest of Edward Grimston (damaged).
Signed: document signed by the scribe, "Brampton."
Signed: sign manual of Edward Grimston at end of text.
- 1 l. : parchment ; 145 x 325 mm + seal.
- Extent of Digitization
- Completely digitized
English, Middle (_PHONE_)
- Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
- Call Number
- Takamiya MS 134
Subjects, Formats, And Genres
Legal documents--England--15th century.
Manuscripts, Medieval--England--15th century.
Seals (artifacts)--England--15th century.
- Resource Type
- Archives or Manuscripts
- Subject (Geographic)
- Yorkshire (England)--Early works to 1800.
- Subject (Name)
- Subject (Topic)
Land tenure--England--Early works to 1800.
Manuscripts, Medieval--Connecticut--New Haven.
Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in Beinecke Library.
Access And Usage Rights
- The use of this image may be subject to the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) or to site license or other rights management terms and conditions. The person using the image is liable for any infringement.
A handlist of western Medieval manuscripts in the Takamiya collection / Toshiyuki Takamiya, in The Medieval book: glosses from friends & colleagues of Christopher de Hamel, ed. by Richard Linenthal, James Marrow and William Noel. 't Goy-Houten: Hes & De Graff, 2010, pp. 421-437.
Indenture Between Thomas Tuddenham and Edward Grimston. Takamiya MS 134.
- Orbis Record
- Object ID (OID)

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Most observatories examine the distant sky. But on Michigan's Muskegon Lake, an observatory looks under the water. Launched in the spring of 2011 by Grand Valley State University's Annis Water Resources Institute, the Muskegon Lake Observatory project is no telescope. It's a buoy system that carries dozens of sensors measuring weather and water parameters at multiple depths, collecting long-term data with an intensity never before seen on the lake.
At 4,150 acres, Muskegon Lake sits between Lake Michigan's eastern shore and the mouth of the Muskegon River. A history of industrial pollution earned the lake a spot among the Great Lakes Areas of Concern, a list of water bodies bordering the lakes that the U.S. and Canadian governments consider especially polluted. The people who brought the buoy to the lake say the observatory will give researchers new insight into the lake's inner workings, give managers a way to track progress of environmental restoration, and give teachers a tool to help students learn scientific principles in the context of their local environment.
Watching the relationships between trends in any of the dozen parameters measured every 15 minutes at the buoy can change the way a scientist thinks about the dynamics of the lake, said Scott Kendall, research biologist with the institute and the observatory manager.
"It's that ebb and flow of time-series information that allows you to interpret how these things interplay with each other in the ecosystem," he said.
The system features a 5-foot surface buoy tethered to a small underwater buoy that supports PAR and nitrate sensors and line of six multi-parameter sensors and five temperature sensors at several depths. An acoustic Doppler current profiler resting on the lake bottom measures current speed and direction. The big surface buoy carries solar panels, a meteorological station, and a data logger that beams data back to the water resources institutes's lab on the lake's southeastern shore. From there the data is published to the buoy's website for all to see.
The system began recording data in May 2011 after the project team launched the buoy with the help of the Laurentian, the 80-foot research ship operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. This first round of data will give researchers a rich source of baseline data and help comprehend ongoing ecosystem changes, according to Bopi Biddanda, aquatic microbial ecologist with the institute and principle investigator on the project.
"Come next year or in ten years, we'll have this data to compare," he said. "Whatever we are measuring, there will be background data."
Leon Gereaux, a graduate student at the institute, uses the observatory data to understand seasonal changes within the lake. He hopes to analyze a full-year's worth of data and develop models of ecosystem drivers.
"By closely following trends in temperature, nutrients, phytoplankton abundance, dissolved oxygen and other variables, one can really take the pulse of the lake ecosystem through the different seasons," he said.
The data could also play a role in efforts to end Muskegon Lake's tenure as a Great Lakes Area of Concern. In the world of Area of Concern management, the ultimate goal is to get off the list by restoring habitat and cutting pollution. Escaping the list is a rare feat; only a handful of the original 43 sites have done it. But local environmental officials think Muskegon Lake is close, according to a recent update of the state's cleanup plan for the lake. The plan aims to correct the lake's official environmental impairments by 2017.
One key to moving towards shaking off the Area of Concern label is showing measurable progress. The observatory can help with that, Kendall says. For example, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, one of the lake's official problems is "eutrophication or undesirable algae." The buoy carries sensors for dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, and phycocyanin at four depths. In time, researchers and regulators will have an intensive long-term data set to evaluate the trends in the parameters tied directly to algae growth and eutrophication.
Data from the observatory can also provide insights into the lake's other official impairments. For example, according to the EPA, the lake suffers from "degradation of fish and wildlife populations" and "loss of fish and wildlife habitat." The buoy doesn't count fish, nor does it measure habitat. But observatory data is already showing researchers new information that may indicate where and when fish can and can't thrive in the lake.
When six months of the observatory's temperature or dissolved oxygen data from multiple depths are layered in a line graph, the separation between the lake's warmer top layer and cooler bottom layer is plain as day. The transition between the two layers occurred at around 6 meters in the summer of 2011, and dissolved oxygen readings below this line are much lower than those from above, occasionally even dipping into anoxia.
If oxygen in the lake's bottom layer is as low across the lake as it is at the buoy site, Muskegon Lake may have a slice of cold water habitat that isn't accessible to fish like lake sturgeon.
The project is funded by a $560,000 grant through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, a federal program coordinated by the EPA. As an EPA-funded project, the data must meet strict quality control standards. A 115-page quality assurance plan assembled by the project team details the steps to make sure the sensors are delivering accurate, precise measurements. That includes testing sensors in the lab fresh from the lake, before they're cleaned and recalibrated.
"We're doing regular laboratory checks of uncleaned sensors and we're also monitoring the time-series data," Kendall said. "We know that data is good."
The institute didn't just have managers and scientists in mind when they designed the project. Kendall envisions local teachers using the data to meet state science curriculum requirements. A lesson on photosynthesis, for example, could use a graph of dissolved oxygen levels rising throughout the day and falling after the sun goes down.
"It's a way to get out of the book and into the local environment and learn how to mix theory with practice," Kendall said.


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George Atwood (October 1745, London – 11 July 1807, London) was an English mathematician who invented a machine for illustrating the effects of Newton's first law of motion. He was also a renowned chess player whose skill for recording many games of his own and of other players, including François-André Danican Philidor, the leading master of his time, left a valuable historical record for future generations.
Atwood was born in Westminster, with the date remaining unknown, but presumed to have been shortly before his baptism on 15 October 1745. He attended Westminster School and in 1765 was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge. He graduated in 1769 with the rank of third wrangler and was awarded the inaugural first Smith's Prize. Subsequently he became a fellow and a tutor of the college and in 1776 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London.
In 1784 he left Cambridge and soon afterwards received from William Pitt the Younger the office of patent searcher of the customs, which required but little attendance, enabling him to devote a considerable portion of his time to mathematics and physics.
George Atwood died unmarried in Westminster at the age of 61, and was buried there at St. Margaret's Church.
Over a century later, a lunar crater was renamed Atwood in his honour.
Selected publications
Atwood's published works, exclusive of papers contributed to the Philosophical Transactions, for one of which he obtained the Copley Medal, are as follows:
- Analysis of a Course of Lectures on the Principles of Natural Philosophy (Cambridge, 1784).
- Treatise on the Rectilinear Motion and Rotation of Bodies (Cambridge, 1784), which gives some interesting experiments, by means of which mechanical truths can be ocularly exhibited and demonstrated, and describes the machine, since named after Atwood, for verifying experimentally the laws of simple acceleration of motion.
- Review of the Statutes and Ordinances of Assize which have been established in England from the 4th year of King John, 1202, to the 37th of his present Majesty (London, 1801), a work of some historical research.
- Dissertation on the Construction and Properties of Arches (London, 1801).
- Chess games recorded by Atwood were published posthumously by George Walker in London in 1835, under the name Selection of Games at Chess, actually played by Philidor and his Contemporaries. Atwood was one of a few masters that could beat Verdoni on occasion.
External links


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Do you know the watch case production flow? It can be divided into Alloy case, Stainless steel case and so on.
Watch Case Production Flow
At present, the domestic market case by brass, copper alloy, steel, tungsten steel case.
1.Alloy case: Generally speaking, the processing technology is simple, the production cycle is short, the output is large, the price is low, and the development in recent years is relatively rapid. But because of its water resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and many other aspects of the lack of large celebration activities rarely used, generally used in beer, beverages and other aspects of the promotion. It belongs to middle and low price watches.
2.Brass Case: shell has the advantages of easy processing, beautiful appearance, good waterproof performance, surface wear and corrosion resistance and other advantages. Many manufacturers use them more. Its moderate price is also its advantage. Belongs to the high, middle class watches.
3.Steel case: general processing complex, output is small, the price is high, its performance is better than that of alloy shell and shell, generally used for high-grade electronic watches and mechanical or automatic mechanical watches. It belongs to high-end watches.
4.Tungsten steel case: machining difficult, not easy to wear, and with a sapphire watch, Japan movement, tungsten steel watchband. This watch is usually a high-end electronic watch.
Now most factory is the first line of cutting embryo assigned, if the guest to return after OK to mold the embryo
Embryos are divided into fine embryos and rough embryos. After the fine embryo comes back, it can only be processed very little, and some can be milled in rice,
There is a hole in the screw. And the rough embryo doesn't need me to explain
The processing process of a watch case is divided into three parts:
1. Machine processing, that is, cutting, cutting, including the car, milling, drilling, and now more popular CNC processing technology. Highest technical content
2.The mill is mainly used to machine mill processing, the appearance of grinding is the core technology of high-end table. Asking for experience.
3. The last one is packaging, that is, playing glass, Pakistan tube, the lowest technical content


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Bartholomeus jan bart bok was a dutch-born american astronomer, teacher, and lecturer bok married fellow astronomer dr priscilla fairfield in 1929, and for the remainder of their lives, the two collaborated so closely on their astronomical work that. By bart j bok (author) shipping weight: 35 ounces (view shipping rates and policies) removing all doubt that astrology is stupid, this book quickly guides the reader through an understanding of what astrology is supposed to do, and how it is.
You're viewing youtube in russian bartholomeus jan bart bok was a dutch-born american astronomer, teacher, and lecturerhe is best known for his work on the structure and evolution of the milky way in the process of contracting, before forming into starsbok married fellow astronomer dr. Bok, bart j, priscilla f bok, & ellis w miller, photometric standards for the southern hemisphere bok, bart j & carolyn cordwell mccarthy, a study of dark nebula, in ma gordon & le snyder, eds, molecules in the galactic environment, proceedings of. Read the full-text online edition of objections to astrology (1975) a statement by 192 scientists, including 19 nobel prize winners, who call the science of astrology a deception based on magic and view all related books and articles.
Bart bok was an exceedingly popular personality in the field of astronomy, noted for his affability and humor when asteroid 1983 bok was named for him and his wife priscilla, he thanked the international astronomical union for giving him a little plot of land that i can retire to and live on[6. Bartholomeus jan bart bok (april 28, 1906 - august 5, 1983) was a dutch-born american astronomer, teacher, and lecturer he is best known for his work on the structure and evolution of the.
The bart j bok fellowship for advanced study in astronomy and astrophysics was created in honour of bart j bok, director of steward observatory from 1966 through 1970 this three-year fellowship provides an opportunity for an exceptionally talented recent. With articles by bart j bok and lawrence e jerome prometheus books buffalo, ny 14215 -3reprinted from the humanist 35, no 5 in ancient times people believed in the predictions and advice of astrologers because astrology was part and parcel of their magical world view. Astronomer bart j bok astrology's critics a dedicated bunch some 40 years ago, the statement of 186 leading scientists against astrology appeared in the quite possibly, as far back as 3,000 years ago, a unique form of astrology was developed. Bart j bok was an esteemed teacher of astronomy at harvard and the university of arizona until his death in 1983 bok's claims that people who have experienced astrology and know astrology to be true, view astrology as a religion.
Get directions to or from a bart station settings for find closest contra costa centre powell st (sf) richmond rockridge (oakland) san bruno san francisco international airport san leandro south hayward south san francisco union city walnut creek warm springs / south fremont west dublin. In 1975 bok coauthored the statement objections to astrology (the humanist, 1975), which was bart bok was an exceedingly popular personality in the field of astronomy, noted for his affability he participated in or led several groups to view solar eclipses, the last near irkutsk in siberia in the. Bart bok was born in the netherlands and educated at the universities of leiden and groningen, earning his doctorate at the latter under pj van rhijn bok initiated radio astronomy at harvard and promoted it elsewhere his investigations of interstellar gas and dust led to studies of star formation.


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Tramadol is a synthetic codeine analogue used as an analgesic in human and veterinary medicine, but not approved for use in cats. Tramadol (2 mg/kg) was administered intravenously (IV) as preoperative analgesic in 12 cats (6 males) undergoing surgical gonadectomy. The pharmacokinetic profile of the drug and its O-desmethyl metabolite were determined in 8 animals (4 males), while intraoperative effects and postoperative analgesia, estimated by subjective pain score (0-24), were evaluated in all. Mean intraoperative isoflurane consumption was reduced, but hypoventilation was not observed. Sex-related differences were not observed, particularly in terms of postoperative analgesia: rescue analgesic was never administered. Concentrations of the active O-desmethyl metabolite were persistently high in all the animals. Considering the results obtained in this study, tramadol, at the dose of 2 mg/kg IV, did not produce any evident intraoperative cardiorespiratory side effects and with additional investigation may prove to be an appropriate intraoperative analgesic in cats undergoing gonadectomy.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


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Open Access Online OnlyOral MedicineDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b875523, PubMed-ID: 33491373Seiten: 7-14, Sprache: Englisch
Purpose: The aim of the present research was to analyse the effects of two bleaching agents, on the enamel crystallography by means of X-ray diffraction.
Material and Methods: Twelve human sound posterior teeth, were collected for the present study (n = 12) and from each tooth two enamel slabs were obtained and randomly assigned to one of two different bleaching protocols. The first protocol involved an in-office bleaching agent (hydrogen peroxide 37.5%/ SDI Polaoffice+), and the second an at-home whitening product (carbamide peroxide 16%/ PHILIPS Zoom! NiteWhite). X-ray diffraction readings were made before and after applying the treatments in order to analyse the peak intensity and crystal domain size. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were carried out to identify the composition correctly. Statistical analysis included repeated measures analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05).
Results: Peak intensity in spectra obtained by X-ray diffraction had a tendency to diminish, mostly in the at-home bleaching group. The analysed data approximate a decrease in the crystal domain size among the samples treated for longer periods of time. Statistical analysis depicted no statistically significant differences among the experimental groups (p ≥ 0.05).
Conclusions: Crystal domain size had a tendency to decrease, mostly when the enamel was treated by bleaching gels that had to be applied by prolonged periods of time.
Schlagwörter: bleaching agent, enamel crystallography, X-ray diffraction


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E47 - Connections to a network and social connections
 1) What is involved ?
This involves connecting a house to a public or private water network via a specific pipe, usually made of PVC or polyethylene. In the house, the connection can lead to a single tap or to a system of pipes with several water taps.
 2) Why use this means ?
Private connections are the top of the line service in terms of providing drinking water. In developed countries the percentage of the population with water service in the home connected to a main network is very high, especially in cities. In poorer countries only a small portion of the population can afford the cost of installing a private connection. In Nouakchott (Mauritania) and Port-au-Prince (Haiti), there are fewer than 2 private water connections per 100 residents.
Number of private connections in a few Sub-Saharan African cities.Source : World Utility Partnership, 2004
 3) Why ?
A private water connection is the best way to meet a household's needs for drinking water. It is often a goal of government and distribution companies because such connections :
- Improve public health : better quality water means better hygiene ;
- Make cost recovery easier and facilitate revenue for the local government or the distribution company ;
- Improve access for the poorest people to the service and increase security and safety of the supply ;
- Improve water demand management and also improve water conservation.
 4) How are they applied ? Different pricing policies for water from a direct connection
To install a private connection, you need to connect to the water distribution network pipeline. This is generally done by the local government or the distribution company, who will connect to the pipeline and run the pipes that will bring water to the house. They are also in charge of supplying the meter that measures the volume of water used by the household. The meter should be installed so that the quantity of water consumed can be easily read. There should be no constructions built or trees planted on the land above the pipes so that maintenance can be carried out on them if necessary. Installing pipes within the house, after the water meter, is generally the responsibility of the user.
Water pricing policies : (see also the specific files on pricing, BI to B8)
There are many ways of setting water prices. The main methods are summarised in the table below. The selection of the pricing policy is a very important choice to be made well before a water connection campaign because connections mean people will have to make payments, even if the price is most often much lower than those practiced by small, local private operators.
The system chosen has a considerable impact on poor families' consumption, because in many regions they do not have the resources necessary to pay for 20 litres a day, the volume that the World Health Organisation (WHO) judges to be the necessary minimum.
Table 1 : Types of water pricing systems.
Definition of pricing policy Description Advantages Drawbacks
Flat fee Unrelated to the quantity consumed, but it may vary for example in relation to the value of the property No need for a meter Provides no incentive for users to reduce their consumption
Linear rate (uniform) Every unit of water costs the same price Can be profitable (if the infrastructure is operating at close to its capacity) Poor users cannot necessarily decrease their need for water
Progressive linear rate Every additional unit consumed is more expensive Very effective for decreasing demand Can affect poor users dramatically if they cannot decrease their demand, for example large families
Progressive rate The cost of each additional unit consumed goes up incrementally (or goes down if there is a bulk rate) In theory, this allows poor households to remain in the lowest bracket (often referred to as the free subsistence bracket) Poor users are not necessarily able to decrease their demand
Different rates depending on volume The price of every additional unit stays the same but it is different from user to user depending on the total volume consumed In theory, this allows poor households to limit their consumption and achieve a low unit price Poor users are not necessarily able to decrease their demand
Source : WaterAid, 2009
 5) Main advantages and drawbacks
a) Advantages
- The price of water delivered through the connection to a public pipe is most often much lower than water purchased from water vendors or other small private operators.
- The high quality of water from a private connection reduces the risk of water related illnesses and those related to a lack of proper hygiene, such as dysentery or cholera. Sick people often cannot go to work or school, which makes a family's poverty more acute. A supply of good quality water can represent considerable savings for the State in public health expenses.
- A private connection cuts out the time that must be taken to fetch water from collective water sources. Fetching water takes time and energy that could be put to better use in more profitable enterprises and it often prevents children from attending school.
b) Drawbacks
- The cost of installing a private water connection is often too high for very poor families, and for this reason, government subsidies or other solutions, such as low-cost connections or condominium networks (see file A16) are necessary.
- The characteristics of the poorest neighbourhoods and shantytowns, often located on slopes, floodplains or areas that are difficult to access, including unplanned areas with a high population density, can provide real technical challenges for the local government or distribution companies.
 6) Cost
The price that a household with a private connection pays, as well as the initial cost of the connection to the distribution company's network, varies according to the town, the pricing system and the subsidies available. The investment required for a private connection can also vary depending on the distance to the mains.
In Addis-Ababa (Ethiopia) the rates increase depending on the volume of water consumed. However, the price of water delivered through a private connection is lower than water purchased at standpipes, for example.
Average cost in Birrs/m3 Private connection in the home (price varies according to the volume consumed) / shared connection / public standpipe / private shop / private water vendors
Price of Water in Addis-Ababa - Source : WaterAid, 2009
As for installing a private connection, the official charge is often smaller than the real cost of a connection. The following table shows the difference between the official rate and the real cost in Ghana and India.
Ghana - Official price for a connection / India - Total cost of a connection
Official rate and the total cost of a connection in Ghana and India - Source : WaterAid, 2009
Even after subsidies, the official price in these two countries (and in most developing countries), about 100 USD, remains prohibitive for very poor families, considering that the poorest populations often live on less than $2/day. In Addis-Ababa, a poll of 105 households in the town's poor neighbourhoods showed that 45% of them do not have private water connections, even though this is a town that is far ahead of Conakry (Guinea) Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) or Nouakchott (Mauritania).
 7) Low-cost connections
a) Goal
While connecting to the public network is often the best way to get easy access to water at home and have water at a lower cost and of better quality than what is available from water vendors (depending on the town it is 10 to 50 times less expensive), the cost of the connection itself is often too high for families of very modest means.
According to the UNDP, the average cost of connecting to water mains in recent years has been around $41 in southern Asia, more than $100 in Benin, Kenya and Uganda and $128 in South America. This represents from three to six months salaries for a worker in Kenya, two months in Madagascar and more than a year in Uganda.
The cost of a connection then constitutes the main barrier for these families to gaining access to a water network, all the more so because in addition to the price of installing the connection, there is almost always the base service charge for a water connection, similar to electricity or telephone bills.
Luckily, there are several ways to decrease the cost or to make it more easily attainable.
b) The main ways this is accomplished
- the most common way is provide simplified pay schemes. Public authorities, local governments or water companies offer low-income families the possibility to pay for their connection over several months, or even several years. Examples : payments made over 5 years in Manila (Philippines), 7 to 10 years in Tangiers or Rabat in Morocco.
- some local governments provide special subsidies or subsidised loans, sometimes setting up special funds specifically for this.
- other governments or associations offer individuals micro-credit.
As part of some large water capture projects and some OBA-type (Output Based Aid) international contracts set up in the context of a predetermined social commitment, the World Bank sometimes gives large subsidies in order to create low-cost connections.
c) Examples
- In West Africa, the CREPA (Centre de recherche pour l'accès à l'eau à faible coût, the Centre for Research on low-cost water access in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) has demonstrated the effectiveness of creating a fund to facilitate poor households' access to a water distribution network and particularly to help them bear the cost of a base service charge. This fund lends the price of the base service charge to the household and


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Only 25 spots!
No Devising Experience Necessary!
This 45-hour intensive in Devising Theatre has been designed as a practical exploration of different techniques to create a new world premiere play. This process will help you develop your skills in collaboration, ensemble work, improv, acting, and playwriting using contemporary theatre exercises to bring an original holiday story to life.
Devised Theatre is loosely defined as the process of collaboratively creating a new work without a pre-existing script wherein the collaborators are also the performers. In the standard theatre model, a single playwright writes the text and then a director casts actors and selects designers to interpret that text, resulting in a theatre production. With Devised Theatre, however, the collective artists begin without a script.
A devised piece of theatre can literally start with anything: a painting, a song, a real-life event, a novel to adapt, a video game, social media posts, non-fiction interviews, a photograph, poetry, etc. Multiple ways to devise exist. Our source of inspiration for this holiday show is "Letters to Santa".
Please follow this link to get an understanding of some of the research being prepared that may influence the direction the script may take: _URL_-kids-to-santa This process requires great creativity, the need to work collaboratively, and the ability to create/learn new material to mount a world premiere production.
Directed by Nick Hrutkay with Raue Center for the Arts's Director of Education, Rob Scharlow, students will demonstrate their ability to understand Devised Theatre and its process by creating a Devised Theatre piece to perform December 1-3, 2023.
Anyone who has an interest in theatre is encouraged to apply. No devising experience is necessary. This intensive is designed for students who might want to be actors, playwrights, or anyone with just a love for the arts. We accept those with a wide range of experience, from beginners to more experienced students. This series of workshops is a fun, creative, and safe space in which to bond, create, and grow with a group of other students!
Fall Discount Day Registration: September 30, 2023 from 11am to 4pm at Raue Center For The Arts, 26 N. Williams Street, Crystal Lake, IL 60014
- Who Can Register: During Cider Fest, registration will open through the Box Office for both members and non-members.
- Online Registration: Starting that night, online registration will be available for both members and non-members through etix.


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Let $X$ and $Y$ be Banach spaces. The notion of the embedded spaces was introduced by D.S. Djordjevic. Say that $X$ embed in $Y$, and write $X \preceq Y$, if there exists a left invertible operator $J:X \rightarrow Y$. My question is the following；
If $X$ embed in $Y$, and $Y$ embed in $X$, then $X$ isomorphic onto $Y$？
PS: The answer is positive when $X$ and $Y$ are Hilbert spaces. But for general Banach space,I can not find a solution. Is there exists a couterexample?


From TVPaintWiki
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George is a macro scripting language that can be used to control TVPaint. It is an "automatic pilot" that sends instructions such as "select this function", "use this color", "draw this", etc.. to TVPaint. Each instruction corresponds to an TVPaint function or icon. Everything takes place as though George was clicking the icon in the interface for you. Rather than clicking ten or twenty times on the same button yourself, simply ask George to do it for you.
You can simply use existing programs (i.e., scripts) or you can create your own. With George, you can create an infinite number of custom drawing functions and automate the use of TVPaint. Many example scripts are included with TVPaint and are stored in the George subdirectory.
George programs are basically plain ASCII text files. You can use any text editing program to create and edit them.
Suppose that you wanted to draw a glass ball. To do this, you would need to cutout a custom brush (for the reflective surface), set the parameters to apply this brush in a circle, draw filled circle (which will be filled with the brush), adjust opacity mapping parameters to obtain a reflection, select white and redraw the circle.
If you only had to do one of these balls, you could execute the operations manually. However, what if you needed 10 or 20 glass balls. It would likely get pretty tedious - this is where George comes in. With the proper program, all you have to do is to draw a circle to define the contours of the ball and George will do the rest for you.


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// Check if the article Layout ?>
Wrapped in netting: Holiday home on Texel island
Sheep farming and fishing have long been replaced by tourism as a means of livelihood on Texel, a Dutch island in the Wadden Sea. What were once important ways of making a living subsist today between picturesque exploitation and subsidised preservation, like all other places where holiday-makers spell a stream of revenue for local coffers. It can thus be seen as a positive exception to the rule when a touristically motivated project takes a stance against this pseudo-idyll. The respective holiday home with ample windows and truncated hip roof by Benthem Crouwel Architects quotes local features without any attempt at ingratiation, offering a facade that reflects and laconically elevates the genius loci while providing multiple views onto the landscape.
Architect: Benthem Crouwel Architects, Amsterdam
Location: Texel, The Netherlands
Many sheep barns – the so-called boeten typical of the Wadden Sea islands – are still to be found on Texel. Consisting of solitary small and practically windowless buildings in the open landscape, located far from the farms they belong to, they have a truncated hip roof with the slanting side facing southwest, the most common direction of the wind. The entrance, on the other hand, is situated on the flat, northeast side of the building, out of the wind.
Built in the timber framing approach and provided a partially hipped roof, the holiday home recalls local building traditions but couples them with contemporary standards. Floor-to-ceiling glazing on the ground floor and windows in the roof provide scenic views of the unspoilt landscape, merging inside and outside in contrast to the building type on which the holiday home is based. The combined kitchen and living room enables an outlook onto the open landscape, whereas the dunes and the sea are visible from the gallery, and the open sky can be seen from the bedroom.
The simple layout offers a living area, bedroom and sanitary facilities on the ground floor and work areas and additional places to sleep up on the gallery; storage rooms are situated in the basement. Interior finishes and details are plain and reticent in character and thus seem to direct attention to the landscape all the more.
The facades and roof merge seamlessly, forming a monolithic unit out of the timber frame structure covered in tar paper. Red, green and blue fishing nets are stretched over the outer surfaces, whereby the colours on the southeast and northwest sides reflect the interior spatial organisation of the house. Black netting forms a second layer over this colourful mesh and in conjunction with the tar paper lends cohesion to the individual areas of the facade.
Despite the simplicity of the construction means the architects have achieved a precise and functional building complete with cosy indoor spaces. Details, as seen in the interior tiling and the netting on the gallery balustrade, are consistent with the design concept. The netting motif presents itself as the keynote design theme, lending the building a down-to-earth and modest touch while integrating it into the landscape context in terms of colour and theme.
In view of the fact that the small holiday home takes its inspiration from the typology of the old sheep barns, the sure-handed way in which it expresses vernacular features is surprising – whether in terms of free interpretation or as a subtle sideswipe against romanticised stage set architecture.
Gross floor area: 135 m²
Project management: Mels Crouwel
Project team: Mels Crouwel, Pia Hanhijärvi, Jos Wesselman, Volker Krenz


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Blue whiting as a target food
The aim of the project was to answer the research question: What bioactivity can be obtained from peptides extracted from blue whiting with enzymes? Bioactivity is a prerequisite for the use of blue whiting as a target food. Isolated blue whiting proteins were used as raw materials. The study showed that degraded blue whiting proteins have bioactivity. However, the sensory properties of products did not prove to be good enough and yields were low. This was especially so due to the difficulty of obtaining fresh blue whiting as a raw material. In the second steps of the project, it was decided to use cod. The aim was to investigate in particular whether isolated cod proteins had other properties than hacking in terms of sensory evaluation and antihypertensive properties of products. The result was that no differences in these characteristics were found in the study. The project investigated the interaction of hydrolysis with enzymes and processing properties and bioactivity. The interaction of hydrolyzed blue whiting proteins isolated by a new method and their bioactivity has not been performed before and was an international novelty. The project acquired extensive knowledge in the field of enzyme degradation and the bioactivity properties of protein products.
The aim of the project was to answer the question: What kind of bioactive properties do peptides produced by enzyme hydrolysis of blue whiting have? Some sort of bioactivity is needed if they are to be used in functional food. The substrate for the hydrolysis was isolated blue whiting proteins. Well-known, commercially available enzymes were used to hydrolyze the proteins to different degrees of hydrolysis (%DH). The blue whiting hydrolysates showed bioactive properties, but their sensory characteristics were not good. Furthermore, the yield of the process was low. The reason for this was a shortage of fresh raw material. Thus, in the next steps cod was therefore used. The main aim was to study whether different sensory and bioactive characters were achieved when isolated proteins were used compared to mince. The results of the project indicate that there is no difference. In the project the connection between enzyme hydrolysis and functional and bioactive properties was examined. Main emphasis was on the effect of using isolated proteins as raw material for enzyme hydrolysis. In the project important knowledge in the field of enzyme hydrolysis and bioactivity was gained that will facilitate future research.


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Question: Do young people disagree or have different ideas about the acceptance and recognition of the traditional culture spread by restoring the ancient large-scale stage plays?
Can more cultural exposure brought by teenagers watching restored stage plays enhance their cultural confidence and what positive effects can it bring?
How to make the sustainable development of large-scale stage plays in ancient times? Need to be fastidious
Suggestion: 1. There are several ways of cultural communication, which one does the restoration of ancient large-scale stage plays belong to? Is this cultural communication method commonly used or accepted by teenagers
2. Whether stage plays can attract public attention, the relationship between senses and cultural confidence brought by stage plays to the public, and the impact of cultural confidence on the public
3. How can large-scale stage plays be well developed and inherited, which can continuously enhance regional cultural deposits and let more people have an in-depth understanding of our history and culture?
A title page and contents page (and numbered pages)
Introduction, rationale and research questions
Research context or literature review
Methodology and methods
The main body of your written submission – this will normally be the longest part of the
A list of references (bibliography)
Do young people disagree or have different ideas about the acceptance and recognition of the traditional culture spread by restoring the ancient large-scale stage plays?


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From Intellivision Wiki
The Zero Flag (Z) is set whenever the result of the previous operation resulted in a zero (0). The behavior of the following opcodes is affected by the value of the Zero Flag.
The following opcodes affect the value of the Zero Flag:
- Indicates slight variation from normal Sign Flag behavior. See opcode documentation for more details.


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Finned tube heat exchangers consist of an array of tubes each having a dense fin stack. The fluid passes through the tubes and conducts the heat to the fins, which dissipate heat to air that is blown over the fin via forced convection. These types of heat exchangers are generally employed where the heat transfer coefficient is much higher on one side of the heat exchanger than the other. Applications typically involve heating or cooling air or other gases. Typical examples of applications where finned tubes are used include economizers, waster heat recovery units, fired heaters, oil heaters, air coolers, etc.
In this simulation example, we will learn how to simulate the air flow over a finned tube bank made of aluminum and analyze the heat transfer from the extended surfaces (fins) to the crossflow. We will also compare the heat transfer when the tubes and the fins are made of steel.
Download the Mesh file required for setting up the simulation and associated Case & Data files here. Follow the instructions below to set up this simulation in Ansys Fluent starting with the Mesh file. In case you face any issues setting up or running the simulation, refer to the corresponding initial and final Case and Data files.
Let's now look at the results to understand the heat transfer between the fins and the cross-flowing air of the finned tube heat exchanger.


A spider in Scrapy is a class that contains the extraction logic for a website. A common (and useful) convention to use for the version name is the revision number of the version control tool you're using to track your Scrapy project code. You can see how scrapy "detect" your spiders c:\dmoz> python scrapy-ctl. python - How can I make scrapy crawl break and exit when encountering the first exception? 5. Scrapy is the leading web scraping frameworks in the meantime of 2016-2018. So 1 spider does 100 requests is much better than 100 spiders each sends only 1 requests. We'll be using the same Scrapy project from the last tutorial, so grab the code from the repo if you need it. Now, you have created a project named "dangdang" to crawler data from www. scraping) data. scrapyd-deploy command always uses 'default' project name in scrapy. This will create a folder for that project. crawler import Crawler from scrapy. Scrapy Architecture: the overall layout of a Scrapy project; what each field represents and how you can use them in your spider code. Scrapy itself is a very powerful and extendable crawling framework, and this crawling project utilizes a unique combination of extensions and modifications to try to meet a new cluster based crawling approach. In Terminal or CMD, navigate to the main Scrapy project folder, and run one of the spiders: Scraping Craigslist's Engineering Job Titles from One Page; scrapy crawl titles -o job-titles. It is better to install pip according to system OS, and then try to follow the standard way for installing Scrapy. Scrapyd can manage multiple projects and each project can have multiple versions uploaded, but only the latest one will be used for launching new spiders. Species of spiders that tend to enter homes are capable of laying hundreds of eggs at one time. Typically, Request objects are generated in the spiders and pass across the system until they reach the Downloader, which executes the request and returns a Response object which travels back to the spider that issued the request. You must notify Scrapy which setting you are using when you scrap a website. I used requests module to fetch the proxies in order to reuse them in the script. The CrawlSpider. However you like. This is just one of multiple projects in the pipeline. Define the data structure, so the item, so our django model. When you're ready to start a project, you can start with the tutorial. This is a tutorial about using Python and the Scrapy library to build a web crawler. Web Scraping best practices to avoid getting banned by the websites you are scraping. Here is an example that runs multiple spiders simultaneously: import scrapy; from scrapy. One-File, redistributable Scrapy based Crawler, using pyinstaller. Once installed, the first thing to do is create a scrapy project. … Which is currently empty. Scrapy items from multiple URLs to a dataframe. A scrapy project can have multiple spiders. Scrapy is a fast high-level web crawling and web scraping framework, used to crawl websites and extract structured data from their pages. py" In the folder structure given above, 'scrapy_first' is the root directory of our Scrapy project. To add a periodic job, navigate to the project and click the Perio. py file in the "spiders" folder. 7; creating-a-generic-scrapy-spider No accepted answer, still talking around tweaking shell parameters. Posted: (9 days ago) Feeding a Spider from Redis¶. Twitter has a nice one that requires a consumer key and a secret. This allows you to test each callback of your spider by hardcoding a sample url and check various constraints for how the callback processes the response. py # project pipelines file settings. ebaybd / # our project folder scrapy. Because Scrapy is a website scraper it uses content extractors. The core module is for several essential sub-modules; the Scrapy engine, scheduler, scraper, spider middleware and downloader. Scrapy Architecture: the overall layout of a Scrapy project; what each field represents and how you can use them in your spider code. Python & Web Scraping Projects for ₹1500 - ₹12500. b) dispel the myths that cause people to be scared of spiders. Have several questions:. If you're looking for an image that's already setup and has scrapy installed you can always use the Portia image as a starting point although it doesn't. See HttpProxyMiddleware. and our spider will be created inside the spider folder of the project. Buy I also use the pip3 install command to install scrapy in python3. The DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES setting is merged with the DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE setting defined in Scrapy (and not meant to be overridden) and then sorted by order to get the final sorted list of enabled middlewares: the first middleware is the one closer to the engine and the last is the one closer to the downloader. I have a simple scrapy project. Unit Summary. Scrapy is an application framework that allows developers to build and run their own web spiders. followall import FollowAllSpider from scrapy. You can see how scrapy "detect" your spiders c:\dmoz> python scrapy-ctl. need for different templates, it is returning multiple items as one item or just random bits a pieces. A spider is a class that describes how a website will be scraped, how it will be crawled and how data will be extracted from. When the scraper is finished we can run and test it in multiple ways. Posted: (9 days ago) Feeding a Spider from Redis¶. For example: r23. Building a more advanced Scrapy spider to iterate multiple pages of a website and scrape data from each page. Create app and add to installed apps. scrapy runspider spider-template. 题目或许应该叫: Multiple Spiders in the same process. I have the required fields image_url and images. ) & (radius wrote: Hi Beto, just wanna check with you if you have success with integrating scrapy with celery. Basically, I have GUI that takes parameters like domain, keywords, tag names, etc. Here you can customize your scraper's settings. internet import reactor from scrapy. The whole story was to create a spider that scrapes price data of certain products from various ecommerce sites. Creating a new Scrapy project. In this guide, I will illustrate how to create a spider to extract multi-pages content. I assume that you already know Scrapy and you've covered the official tutorial. cfg 'settings' section to build an egg file and deploys it to scrapyd. lxml : This is an optional package but needs to. Extensible stats collection for multiple spider metrics, useful for monitoring the performance of your spidersand detecting when they get broken. Requests and Responses¶. spiders import crawlspider, rule scrapy. One case example when using some other tools, like the previously mentioned tools makes sense is if you had a project where you need to load Home Page, or let's say, a restaurant website, and check if they are having your favorite dish on the menu, then for this type of cases, you should not use Scrapy because, to be honest, it would be overkill. answer 1 >>---Accepted---Accepted---Accepted---. Medium usage: create a Scrapy project that contains multiple spiders, configuration and pipelines. As the terminal output below explains, I have no idea why. It is specially designed to crawl websites using structured data. The next spider will then be started by the crawler and scheduled to crawl the webpage by the engine. This command is provided only as a convenience shortcut for the most common case, the developer is of course free to choose any tool or IDE to write and debug his spiders. How to create your first Scrapy project. Pelicula Completa En Español Latino, Pelicula Completa En Español Latino Repelis Gratis, pelicula completa en español latino de disney, pelicula completa en español latino de comedia, pelicula completa en español latino para niños, pelicula completa en español latino youtube, pelicula completa en español latino de accion, pelicula completa en español latino el rey leon, pelicula. The yaml syntax dictates both a blacklist and a series of domains. Learn how to use python api scrapy. Running multiple scrapy spiders programmatically This post refers to using scrapy version 0. See more: how to crawl a website without getting blocked, scrapy get_project_settings, scrapy multiple spiders, run scrapy from python script, scrapy crawlerprocess, scrapy tutorial, how to prevent getting blacklisted while scraping, scrapy schedule daily, fix script problems, script researchers needed, isa 2004 windows small business server. Spider¶ This is the simplest spider, and the one from which every other spider must inherit (including spiders that come bundled with Scrapy, as well as spiders that you write yourself). spider is


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Geostatistical modelling has proven to be a good tool for decision making in soil nutrient management because it has the ability to map spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty. This study outlines a comparative approach to quantify the uncertainties and correlations in spatial process models as illustrated for the distribution of Zn in top soils of a semi-arid environment. The spatial correlation of Zn uncertainties is investigated by calculating the semi-variance of normalized Zn concentration residuals, for a sufficiently large dataset, as a function of distance between pairs of locations within the Zn field. Three semi-variogram models, namely: Exponential, Gaussian, and Spherical models were tested on the spatial correlation structure of the normalized residuals and further used as default input model for Sequential Gaussian Simulation. The Sequential Gaussian Simulation led to an improved description of spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty. The choice of semivariogram model is therefore critical for robust Sequential Gaussian Simulation and uncertainty analysis. A new criterion is proposed to inform the choice of default input model for sequential Gaussian simulation given by ratio of partial sill to square of major range. With this criterion, Exponential model performed better than both Gaussian and Spherical models. The results indicate spatial correlation in Zn field and it is suggested that the spatial correlation of Zn uncertainties should be considered to exclude inaccurate estimation for spatially distributed systems when performing nutrient distribution studies.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


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How to use the Field Level Database Lookup
The General Document Processor (GDP) is a tool that allows users to process documents and extract information from them. This feature adds the ability to link a database to specific fields in GDP, so that the extracted data can be matched with values in the database.
How to set up the database connection
- When creating a new field in GDP, select the data type "Calculated".
- Enter the data set URI. This is the location of the database you want to link to GDP. This can be public URL or data:// linking to your super.AI storage.
- Define which fields to match against the data in the dataset. Select the fields in GDP that you want to compare with the values in the database.
- Define the number of candidates to present for human review. This is the number of matches that will be returned for interactive selection. If set to 0, matching will be disabled.
- Define the matching threshold. This is the percentage of fields that should match for automatic assignment. For example, a threshold of 0.8 means that 80% of the fields must match for the value to be automatically assigned.
- Define the Output Column Name. This is the name of the column in the output.
- Click "Setup" to link the database to GDP and begin matching values.
Once the fields are set up, GDP will look up values in the database and match them to the extracted data from your documents.
If the matching threshold is met, the corresponding value will be automatically assigned to the output field.
If there are multiple matches found, the number of candidates as defined, will be shown for human review, and users can select the correct one.
By setting up the matching threshold, you can control the level of confidence in automatic matching. Lowering threshold would increase the chance of getting matched but increase the chance of mismatches, while raising the threshold decrease the chance of mismatches but also reduce the chance of getting matched.
This feature is useful if you have a specific set of values that should be extracted from your documents, and you want to ensure that the extracted data matches one of those values. It allows to improve extraction quality and automate process to some extent.
Updated 5 months ago


File Tests in Perl
In this article, you will learn how to find out useful information about files in Perl. It is excerpted from chapter 11 of the book Learning Perl, Fourth Edition, written by Randal L. Schwartz, Tom Phoenix and brian d foy (O'Reilly; ISBN: _PHONE_). Copyright © 2006 O'Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Used with permission from the publisher. Available from booksellers or direct from O'Reilly Media.
Earlier, we showed how to open a filehandle for output. Normally, that will create a new file, wiping out any existing file with the same name. Perhaps you want to check that there isn't a file by that name. Perhaps you need to know how old a given file is. Or perhaps you want to go through a list of files to find which ones are larger than a certain number of bytes and not accessed for a certain amount of time. Perl has a complete set of tests you can use to find information about files.
File Test Operators
Before we start a program that creates a new file, let's make sure the file doesn't already exist so that we don't accidentally overwrite a vital spreadsheet data file or that important birthday calendar. For this, we use the –e file test, testing a filename for existence:
 die "Oops! A file called '$filename' already exists.n"
 if -e $filename;
We didn't include $! in this die message since we're not reporting that the system refused a request in this case. Here's an example of checking if a file is being kept up to date. In this case, we're testing an already opened filehandle instead of a string file name. Let's say that our program's configuration file should be updated every week or two. (Maybe it's checking for computer viruses.) If the file hasn't been modified in the past 28 days, then something is wrong:
 warn "Config file is looking pretty old!n "
 if -M CONFIG > 28;
The third example is more complex. Let's say disk space is filling up; rather than buy more disks, we've decided to move any large, useless files to the backup tapes. So let's go through our list of files* to see which of them are larger than 100 KB. But even if a file is large, we shouldn't move it to the backup tapes unless it hasn't been accessed in the last 90 days (so we know it's not used too often):†
 my _USER_; # The ones we want to put on backup tapes
 foreach my $filename (_USER_) {
 push _USER_, $filename
This is the first time that you've seen it, so maybe you noticed that the control vari able of the foreach loop is a my variable. That declares it to have the scope of the loop, so this example should work under use strict. Without the my keyword, this would be using the global $filename.
The file tests look like a hyphen and a letter, which is the name of the test, followed by a filename or a filehandle to test. Many of them return a true/false value, but several give something more interesting. See Table 11-1 for the complete list and read the following discussion to learn more about the special cases.
Table 11-1. File tests and their meanings
File test Meaning
-O File or directory is owned by this real user
-e File or directory name exists
-f Entry is a plain file
-d Entry is a directory
-l Entry is a symbolic link
-S Entry is a socket
File Test Operators
Table 11-1. File tests and their meanings (continued)
File test Meaning
p Entry is a named pipe (a "fifo")
-u File or directory is setuid
-g File or directory is setgid
-k File or directory has the sticky bit set
-t The filehandle is a TTY (as reported by the isatty() system function; filenames can't be tested by this test)
-T File looks like a "text" file
-B File looks like a "binary" file
-M Modification age (measured in days)
-A Access age (measured in days)
-C Inode-modification age (measured in days)
The tests -r, -w, -x, and -o tell if the given attribute is true for the effective user or group ID,* which essentially refers to the person who is in charge of running the program.† These tests look at the permission bits on the file to see what is permitted. If your system uses Access Control Lists (ACLs), the tests will use those as well. These tests generally tell if the system would try to permit something, but it doesn't mean that it really would be possible. For example, -w may be true for a file on a CD-ROM, though you can't write to it, or -x may be true on an empty file, which can't truly be executed.
The -s test does return true if the file is non-empty, but it's a special kind of true. It's the length of the file, measured in bytes, which evaluates as true for a nonzero number.
A Unix filesystem‡ has seven types of items, represented by the seven file tests -f, -d, -l, -S, -p, -b, and -c. Any item should be one of those. If you have a symbolic link pointing to a file, that will report true for -f and -l. So if you want to know whether something is a symbolic link, you should generally test that first. (You'll learn more about symbolic links in Chapter 12.)
The age tests, -M, -A, and -C (yes, they're uppercase) return the number of days since the file was last modified, accessed, or had its inode changed.* (The inode contains all of the information about the file except for its contents. See the stat system call manpage or a good book on Unix internals for details.) This age value is a full floating-point number, so you might get a value of 2.00001 if a file were modified two days and one second ago. These "days" aren't necessarily the same as a human would count. For example, if it's 1:30 A.M. when you check a file modified at about an hour before midnight, the value of -M for this file would be around 0.1, even though it was modified "yesterday."
When checking the age of a file, you might get a negative value like -1.2, which means that the file's last access timestamp is set at about thirty hours in the future. The zero point on this timescale is the moment your program started running,† so that value might mean a long-running program was looking at a file that had just been accessed. Or a timestamp could be set (accidentally or intentionally) to a time in the future.
The tests -T and -B determine if a file is text or binary. But people who know a lot about filesystems know there's no bit (at least in Unix-like operating systems) to indicate that a file is a binary or text file, so how can Perl tell? The answer is that Perl cheats: it opens the file, looks at the first few thousand bytes, and makes an educated guess. If it sees a lot of null bytes, unusual control characters, and bytes with the high bit set, then that looks like a binary file. If there's not much weird stuff, then it looks like text. It sometimes guesses wrong. If a text file has a lot of Swedish or French words (which may have characters represented with the high bit set, as some ISO-8859-something variant, or perhaps even a Unicode version), it may fool Perl into declaring it binary. So it's not perfect, but if you need to separate your source code from compiled files, or HTML files from PNGs, these tests should do the trick.
You'd think that -T and -B would always disagree since a text file isn't a binary and vice versa, but there are two special cases where they're in complete agreement. If the file doesn't exist, or can't be read, both are false since it's neither a text file nor a binary. Alternatively, if the file is empty, it's an empty text file and an empty binary file at the same time, so they're both true.
The -t file test returns true if the given filehandle is a TTY—if it's interactive because it's not a simple file or pipe. When -t STDIN returns true, it generally means that you can interactively ask the user questions. If it's false, your program is probably getting input from a file or pipe, rather than a keyboard.
{mospagebreak title=File Test Operators}
Don't worry if you don't know what some of the other file tests mean—if you've never heard of them, you won't be needing them. But if you're curious, get a good book about programming for Unix. (On non-Unix systems, these tests all try to give results analogous to what they do on Unix, or give undef for an unavailable feature. Usually, you'll be able to guess what they'll do.)
If you omit the filename or filehandle parameter to a file test (that is, if you have -r or just -s ), the default operand is the file named in $_.* So, to test a list of filenames to see which ones are readable, you type the following:
 foreach (_USER_