text:
Croatia's Entrepreneurial Impulse Produces Results Fast
The landscape of Croatian business has been drastically changing over the last ten years. According to the Center for Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technological Development of the Croatian Chamber of Economy, the number of small and medium sized enterprises in Croatia grew by 71% between 2001 and 2011. Currently, SME's make up just over 51% of Croatia's GDP, and this is still a ways behind of the contribution of SME's to the Economy of the European Union, which stands at 58%. Despite this, SME's contribute similarly to aggregate employment, with 66% of both European and Croatian workers employed with SME's.
Considering Croatia's current economic woes, the government has recognized the need to systematically empower and assist entrepreneurs and small businesses, as a foundation for future economic growth. The European Commission's report on SME's in 2012 states how SMEs "continue to be the backbone of the EU economy", which represents a state of SME development Croatia seems to be willing to emulate. The Croatian government has stated that its overall goal for its current mandate is to accelerate economic growth to 5% by 2015, and to achieve that, the development of SMEs and entrepreneurship remains a crucial cornerstone.
For this reason, Croatia's Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Crafts is currently undertaking the third round of its successful poduzetnički impuls, or Entrepreneurial Impulse program. As part of this initiative, a wide range of reforms was implemented: the threshold of revenues for Croatian companies to enter the VAT system was raised to 230.000 HRK, while companies operating in the tourism or hospitality sector that were in the VAT system, saw their VAT shrink to 10%. Croats can now form simple limited liability societies for just 10 kuna and within 24 hours. Contributions to Croatia's state health program were lowered to 0% for new employees of SME's, and the tax rate for reinvested profit was lowered to zero.
These measures, however significant, were just the beginning. In 2012, the Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Crafts of Croatia as part of its Entrepreneurial Impulse program distributed more than 2,400 grants with a total value of over 168 million kuna. These grants were distributed to SME's for increasing their domestic and international competitiveness, supporting entrepreneurship among women, helping entrepreneurs increase quality standards, etc.
The results of this program in the first nine months of 2012 have been impressive, especially considering how the Croatian economy contracted by 2% during last year. Results showed that SME's saw their revenues during this period rise by 1.5%, their exports rose by 9.3%, total employment in SMEs rose by 2.1%, and investments in SMEs grew by 3.2%.
As Croatia is going to enter the European Union this year, the Croatian Government is developing a strategy for entrepreneurial development for the period from 2013 to 2020. Considering the success of the Entrepreneurial Impulse, it would be realistic to expect further positive developments in Croatia's entrepreneurial environment if such a consistent strategic approach was implemented.


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home > documentation > developing your first application, part 1
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Developing your First Application, Part 1
To demonstrate in detail how to develop an ARToolKit application, we will step through the source code for an existing example program: simpleTest (or simple according to your ARToolKit version). This program is found in the directory examples/simple/.
The SimpleTest Program
The file we will be looking at is simpleTest.c (or simple.c). This program simply consists of a main routine and several graphics drawing routines.
The functions which correspond to the six application steps previously described (see here) are shown in Table 1. The functions corresponding to steps 2 through 5 are called within the mainLoop function.
ARToolKit Step Functions
1. Initialize the application
2. Grab a video input frame arVideoGetImage (called in mainLoop)
3. Detect the markers arDetectMarker (called in mainLoop)
4. Calculate camera transformation arGetTransMat (called in mainLoop)
5. Draw the virtual objects draw (called in mainLoop)
6. Close the video capture down cleanup
Table 1: Function calls and code that corresponds to the ARToolKit applications steps.
The most important functions in the program are main, init, mainLoop, draw and cleanup. In the remainder of this section we will explain these function calls in detail.
The main routine of simple is shown below:
main(int argc, char *argv[])
 argMainLoop( NULL, keyEvent, mainLoop );
The init initialization routine contains code for starting the video capture, reading in the marker and camera parameters, and setup of the graphics window. This corresponds to step 1 in the development method. Next, we enter in the real-time state, with a call to the video starting function arVideoCapStart. Following, the argMainLoop function is called which starts the main program loop and associates the function keyEvent with any keyboard events and mainLoop with the main graphics rendering loop. The definition of argMainLoop is contained in the file gsub.c.
The init routine is called from the main routine and is used to initialize the video capture and read in the initial ARToolKit application parameters.
At first, the video path is opened and the video image size found:
/* open the video path */
/* find the size of the window */
The variable vconf contains the initial video configuration and is defined at the top of simple.c. In function of your platform the content can be really different: see video configuration page. For each platform a default string is defined, that generally open the first available video stream in your architecture.
After, we need to initialize the ARToolKit application parameters. The key parameters for an ARToolKit application are:
 - the patterns that will be used for the pattern template matching and the virtual objects these patterns correspond to.
 - the camera characteristics of the video camera being used.
These are both read in from file names that can either be specified on the command line or by using default hard-coded file names.
So, the camera parameters are read in with the default camera parameter file name Data/camera_para.dat:
/* set the initial camera parameters */
if( arParamLoad(cparaname, 1, &wparam) < 0 ) {
Next, the parameters are transformed for the current image size, because camera parameters change depending on the image size, even if same camera is used.
The camera parameters are set to those read in, the camera parameters printed to the screen:
arInitCparam( &cparam );
arParamDisp( &cparam );
After that we read the pattern definition with the default pattern file Data/patt.hiro:
patt_id is an identified pattern identification.
Finally a graphics window is opened:
/* open the graphics window */
The second argument of argInit defined a zoom function, set to 1.0 for matching video image format, set to 2.0 for double the size (e.g have a VGA AR display with a 320x240image input).
This is the routine where the bulk of the ARToolKit function calls are made and it contains code corresponding to steps 2 through 5 of the required application steps.
First a video frame is captured using the function arVideoGetImage:
/* grab a video frame */
The video image is then displayed on screen. This can either be an unwarped image, or an image warped to correct for camera distortions. Warping the image produces a more normal image, but can result in a significant reduction in video frame rate. In this example the image is non-unwarped:
argDispImage( dataPtr, 0,0 );
Then the function arDetectMarker is used to search the video image is searched for squares that have the correct marker patterns:
The number of markers found is contained in the variable marker_num, while marker_info is a pointer to a list of marker structures containing the coordinate information and recognition confidence values and object id numbers for each of the markers. The marker_info structure is detailled in the API documentation.
At this moment, The video image have been displayed and analyzed. So we don't need to use it more: we can ask the frame grabber to start a new grabbing in the same time we operates new functions. For this you have just to call arVideoCapNext:
Remark: when you called this function, using the last video image buffer can produce a bad result (dependant of your plaform). Be sure that you finish to deal with the video image buffer.
Next, all the confidence values of the detected markers are compared to associate the correct marker id number with the highest confidence value:
/* check for object visibility */
k = -1;
 if( k == -1 ) k = j;
if( k == -1 ) {
The transformation between the marker cards and camera can then be found by using the arGetTransMat function:
The real camera position and orientation relative to the marker object i are contained in the 3x4 matrix, patt_trans.
Finally, the virtual objects can be drawn on the card using the draw function:
Remark: a simple optimization step is done if no pattern are found (k==-1), we can directly swap the buffer without a call to draw and return:
if( k == -1 ) {
The draw functions is divided in initialize rendering, setup matrix, render object. You initialize a 3D rendering by ask ARToolKit to do rendering of 3D object and setup minimal OpenGL state:
argDraw3dCamera( 0, 0 );
glClearDepth( 1.0 );
You need after that to convert the computed transformation (3x4 matrix) to an openGL format (array of 16 values), using the function call argConvGlpara. These sixteen values are the position and orientation values of the real camera, so using them to set the position of the virtual camera causes any graphical objects to be drawn to appear exactly aligned with the corresponding physical marker.
/* load the camera transformation matrix */
argConvGlpara(patt_trans, gl_para);
glLoadMatrixd( gl_para );
The virtual camera position is set using the OpenGL function glLoadMatrixd(gl_para).The last part of the code is the rendering of 3D object, in this example a cube with a blue color under a white color light:
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambi);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, lightZeroColor);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_flash);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_flash_shiny);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
glTranslatef( 0.0, 0.0, 25.0 );
And to finish, you reset to default some OpenGL variables:
glDisable( GL_LIGHTING );
glDisable( GL_DEPTH_TEST );
The steps mentioned above occur every time through the main rendering loop. While the program is running mouse events are handled by the mouseEvent function and keyboard events by the keyEvent function.
The cleanup function is called to stop the video processing and close down the video path to free it up for other applications:
This is accomplished by using the arVideoCapStop, arVideoClose and argCleanup routines.
You can compile this program and run it!
One limitation of this program is that used only the Hiro pattern: it seems really interesting to use others patterns or more than one! We will describe how do that in the next section.


Dice Rolling
From The World of Layonara
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Upon arriving in Layonara for the first time, each Player Character will have in their inventory a PC Dicebag. With it, players can roll a d4, a d6, a d8, a d10, a d12, and a d20, where "d" stands for die and the numeral stands for the number of sides. I.E. a d6 is a six-sided die. Also, it allows players to roll multiples of each die type. Players can also use it to roll saving throws, skill checks, and ability checks, and it will automatically use the PC's modifiers. It does not, however, handle attack rolls.
There are three settings on the dicebag:
 - Private: Only the user and GM's can see the result.
 - Local: Anyone within range to hear normal speech will see the result.
 - Global: Everyone on the server will see the result. This setting is never to be used unless directed by a GM.
The dicebag is for RP purposes only and hence has its primary use during GM quests and events. Of course, it is certainly not limited to such use, and can be effectively used to handle numerous character initiated role-play instances. The use of the dicebag is highly encouraged and PC's should find it a handy tool.
There are other methods of rolling dice should you not desire to use the dicebag. Dice can be rolled by bracketing the check you want by asterisks. Typing "*fortitude save*" in whisper, talk or party chat will trigger a fortitude check. However, rolls can also be done through the self tell command. Typing =c will produce the desired result. I.E. =c will save will produce the same effect as if you had toggled the PC dicebag to roll a will save. For quicker typing, ability checks and saves are abbreviated as follows:
Using the self-tell, =c also allows you to roll dice bigger than a d20, such as d100's by entering =c roll d100. You can even roll skill checks this way, just as you would an ability check.
To toggle dice rolls to silent, use the command =c toggle check_silent;. If your dice rolls are already on silent mode, this same command can be used to reverse it so other players can see the results of your rolls once more.


text:
CAIRO, September 28, 2005 -- Efforts to end the scourge of iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) among Egyptian children are the focus of a workshop in Cairo this week organized jointly by the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) and UNICEF Egypt.
Iodine deficiency is the single most important preventable cause of brain damage among children. Its prevalence in Egypt is not known.
Delegates attending the three-day meeting heard that Egypt is making good progress in ensuring all households have access to iodized salt. Since the mid-1990s, universal salt iodization (USI) has been seen as the most cost-effective, sustainable and safe strategy to ensure sufficient consumption of iodine by all individuals.
In her opening remarks, Dr. Esmat Mansour, Head of Integrated Health Care and Nursing at MOHP, said that while the trend was extremely positive in tackling the issue of IDD in Egypt, more effort was required to ensure quality control of iodized salt and to monitor its consumption, especially in high-risk areas of the country.
UNICEF Egypt Representative Dr Erma Manoncourt reminded the gathering that the goal of IDD elimination was adopted at the UN World Summit for Children in 1990, which established a range of goals to improve and protect children's lives.
Dr Manoncourt said the meeting was a "golden opportunity" to produce a concrete action plan for the sustainable elimination of IDD in Egypt.
Working in partnership with MOHP and other partners, UNICEF supports the procurement of potassium iodate for use by salt producing plants in Alexandria, Port-Said, North Sinai and Fayoum. In addition, salt testing kits have also been provided to help ministry officials determine levels of salt iodization in factories, shops and households.
Earlier this year, a comprehensive assessment of salt production, consumption and iodization in Egypt produced a series of recommendations to achieve universal iodization.
For further information contact:
Simon Ingram, UNICEF, Communication Officer, Egypt
Tel: _PHONE_ Ext. 210 / 208

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
SAO/NASA ADS -> Help -> The ADS Data
|SAO/NASA ADS Help Pages||Prev | Next|
1.2 - About the Data in the ADS
The main body of data in the ADS consists of bibliographic records, which are searchable through our Abstract Service query forms, and full-text scans of much of the astronomical literature which can be browsed though our Browse Service
1.2.1 - Origin
The abstracts database contains data from many different sources. The initial dataset was from NASA's Scientific and Technical Information group (STI) and covered the years _PHONE_. After that, we began collecting data directly from the journals as agreements were reached with them individually. In addition, we have collected references from SIMBAD, NED, conference editors, and individual authors. We have created electronic records from table of contents of most journals and conference series back to volume 1 as we have scanned them in order to provide complete bibliographic coverage.
All bibliographic records include an Origin field which details where a given abstract came from. In cases where we have the same paper from multiple sources, we currently list them in the order above, but will soon merge the information into one complete record. It should be noted that we no longer receive data from STI, but that those abstracts in the system from STI are rewritten versions of the original author abstract. Our list of origins includes information on where some of our data come from.
Click on our Journal Abbreviation List to see a full list of journals and their abbreviations.
The full-text scans available in the ADS can be browsed through the ADS Browse Service. The scans were created by digitizing printed issues of astronomical publications. For more information on the full-text archive, please see the Scanned Literature help page.
Many articles that are not scanned in the ADS may be ordered from the Center for Aerospace Information (CASI).
Many of the dissertation citations contained in the ADS are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) _PHONE_ Web page: _URL_
The abstract databases contain records from hundreds of publications, colloquia, symposia, proceedings, and internal NASA reports. These sources cover diverse loosely astronomy-related subjects, ranging from Electrical Engineering through Optics to Particle Physics. They include the larger American astronomical journals: Astronomical Journal, Astrophysical Journal, Icarus, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, etc, as well as many Non-American journals: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Publications of the Astronomical Societ of Japan / Australia / India, Astrophysical Journal of the Soviet Union / Australia / Ireland, etc., as well as more general interest journals such as Science, New Scientist, Nature, Mercury, Sky and Telescope, etc.. Complete coverage is only guaranteed for those journals we have scanned and placed online. That information is listed on our article service page.
1.2.3 - Bibliographic Identifiers
Creating unique Bibliographic codes (bibcodes from here on) allows us to identify literature in our database. Using a standard bibliographic format, as explained below, we can easily identify different bibliographic records and users can efficiently search for them.
The bibliographic code is a 19 digit identifier which describes the journal article. The format was originally adopted by the SIMBAD and NED projects, and follows the syntax:
A list of journal abbreviations already in use is available on-line. Here are some abbreviations for the most popular Journals:
ApJ: Astrophysical Journal ApJS: Astrophysical Journal Supplements ApJ: Astrophysical Journal Letters (with an L in the Qualifier position). AJ: Astronomical Journal A&A: Astronomy & Astrophysics A&AS: Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplements MNRAS: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society PASP: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific PASA: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia PASAu: Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of Australia PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of JapanIn order to accommodate conference proceedings and technical reports, the ADS has modified the original bibliographic code definition in order to present identifiers which are easily recognizable to the user. Conference proceedings, books, colloquia, workshops, and reports in the ADS typically contain a four letter word in the volume field such as conf, book, coll, work, or rept; all other type of proceedings use the identifier proc. For these bibliographic codes, the journal field typically consists of the first letter from important words in the title (e.g. ioda.book for ''Information and On-Line Data in Astronomy'').
Several oddities exist for bibcodes which do not fit into this paradigm. PhD theses, for example, contain a counter in lieu of a page number to distinguish between those written during the same year by authors whose surnames start with the same letter.
Physical Review bibcodes began using an 6-digit id number in the late 1990's instead of a page number. For these articles, we have converted the first 2-digits of the id (which correspond to the issue number) into a lower-case letter in the 14th column. We then use the remaining 4 digits in the page number field.
For conference abstracts submitted by the editors of a proceedings prior to publication, we often do not have page numbers. In this case, we use a counter in lieu of a page number and use an "E" (for Electronic) in the fourteenth column, the qualifier for publication. If these conference abstracts are then published, their bibliographic codes are replaced by a bibliographic code complete with page number. If the conference abstracts are published only on-line, they retain their electronic bibliographic code with its "E" and counter number.
We have created two separate interfaces to assist our users and collaborators in searching and verifying the existence of records in our databases:
Updates to our databases are performed approximately every week, then mirrored to all of our mirror sites. Therefore, any new information added or change made to the databases does not become available immediately; rather it may take up to a week to become active. Corrections are always welcome, for example misspellings, missing pages/scans, broken links, etc. We also encourage you to submit original author abstracts to us through our _URL_ Abstract Submission Form.
1.4 - Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the following publishers for their contributions and cooperation:
* Heinz Andernach, Universidad de Guanajuato, Mexico * Marsha Bishop, NRAO * Will Graves, CfA * Chris Erdmann, CfA * Sergei Grebenev, Space Research Institute, Moscow * Uta Grothkopf, ESO * Jill Lagerstrom, SCScI * Richard Mathar, Sterrewacht Universiteit Leiden * Megan Nunemaker, NRAO * Wayne Osborn, Central Michigan University * Joe Tenn, Sonoma State University * Lance Utley, NRAOAdditionally we thank those who have donated materials to be scanned.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The preterite tense - when to use it
An explanation of the uses of the preterite tense and how to conjugate it
The Spanish preterite tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. For example:
 - Fui al cine ayer (I went to the cinema yesterday).
 - Viajamos en tren (We travelled by train).
 - Mi hermana hizo sus deberes (My sister did her homework).
The preterite tense is used if the past action had a definite beginning and definite end and is often used with phrases that give a specific time frame, eg:
 - ayer (yesterday)
 - anteayer (the day before yesterday)
 - anoche (last night)
 - el año pasado (last year)
 - el mes pasado (last month)
 - la semana pasada (last week)
 - The preterite tense is NOT used to describe people in the past or to describe or set a scene.
 - It is NOT used to describe repeated or continuous actions in the past with no specific beginning or end.


text:
Mange in cattle is caused by mites. There are three species of mite that affect cattle in the UK:
- Surface mite (Chorioptes bovis)
- Burrowing mite (Sarcoptes scabiei)
- Psoroptic mange mite (Psoroptes sp.)
The surface mite is the most common.
The first cases of psoroptic mange to be seen in Great Britain since the 1980s have recently been diagnosed by the VLA. Psoroptic mange is caused by Psoroptes sp. mites and although the mites are of the same species as those causing scab in sheep, they are not transferable between species.
Mange mites cause irritation, thickened scaly skin, hair loss, hide damage and reduced productivity. Different mites are commonly found in different body areas as follows:
Surface mite (Chorioptes bovis) – usually found on the neck, legs, and tail head causing areas of hair loss which increase slowly in size and cause irritation. Hide damage can occur as cattle rub the affected areas.
Burrowing mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) – usually found on the neck and the loin area next to the tail. Burrowing throughout the skin, these mites produce intense irritation and severe skin damage, with large areas of skin becoming thick, crusted and eventually infected. This can result in reduced productivity.
Psoroptic mange (Psoroptes sp) – usually found along the back, shoulders and tail head of cattle, causing severe dermatitis (inflammation of the skin), scabs and intense itching. Bacterial infections of affected areas is common, leading to bleeding and crusting. Production losses and even death can occur, if skin lesions are extensive.
Mange is mainly a problem in autumn, winter and early spring as cattle are housed, with mites becoming less active and numbers reducing in the summer.
Itchy animals with thickened skin are likely to have mange. A vet will need to take a skin sample by scraping the skin to to confirm a diagnosis, especially if there is the possibility of lice.
Under a microscope, Psoroptes sp mites can be identified as oval with pointed mouthparts, legs that project beyond the body and jointed legs with funnel-shaped suckers.
In severe cases, crusting can make it difficult for products to make contact with the mites and scabs may have to be removed before treatment.
- Mange can be controlled by the use of injectable 3-ML products (use against sarcoptic and psoroptic mange, and aid in the control of chorioptic mange), 3-ML pour-ons (eg. Depidex® Pour-on) and permethrin based pour-ons (Flypor® is the only synthetic pyrethroid pour-on with a mange claim).
- It is important with all mite products to check which species of mites they are effective against.
- For severe surface mite infestation, an injection can, if necessary be followed by a pour-on treatment when the skin has recovered sufficiently. Please speak to your vet for advice.
- In the case of psoroptes sp. mites the vet should be consultedto discuss diagnosis and treatment as it is essential to ensure effective treatment of this damaging disease.
Treatment timing and advice
- In general two treatments of Flypor® should provide control of cattle mange (sarcoptic and chorioptic), throughout the housing period.
- Always treat all cattle at the same time to prevent re-infection in the herd.
- Movement from infected housing should be avoided as burrowing mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) and Psoroptes sp. mites can live off animals and be infective for at least 12 days.
- Always dose accurately. Under-dosing can lead to the development of resistance.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am following a proof from a book, but it seems to have a typo or use some strange notation I have never seen, and I have already spent a lot of time trying to decipher this, but cannot find the solution.
It is basically showing one how to construct general real numbers from Dedekind's definition by expressing those as a finite or infinite n-ary function.
So, it is trying to prove that any real number $x = a_{0}\cdot a_{1}a_{2}a_{3}.... = a_{0}+\frac{a_{1}}{n} + \frac{a_{2}}{n^2} +...$ with $ 0\leq a_{k}\leq n-1 $ for $k=1,2,3,...$.
It starts by pointing out that $x$ being irrational, it can be defined as the Dedekind cut $x=D_{a}|D_{b}$. Then it considers the sets
$C_{k}=\left \{ \frac{m}{n^k} \right \}$, $m=...,-2,-1,0,1,2...$
such that $C_{0}\subset C_{1}\subset C_{2} \subset... \subset C_{k} \subset C_{k+1}$. In each of these there is a largest number $m_{k}$ such that $m_{k}/n^k$ belongs to $D_{a}$ while $m_{k}+1/n^k$ belongs to $D_{b}$ so that
$ \frac{m_{k}}{n^k}\leq x \leq \frac{m_{k}+1}{n^k} $
After this it says that since $C_{k} \subset C_{k+1}$, it follows that
$m_{k}|n \leq m_{k+1} \leq m_{k} n+(n+1)$
and in the author's words "that is, $m_{k+1}=m_{k}n+a_{k+1}$, where $0 \leq a_{k+1}\leq n -1$".
So it says that this completes the informal proof, since by choosing k=0,1,2,..., this leads to an algorithm generating n-ary fraction.
I get lost after the part that says "since $C_{k} \subset C_{k+1}$", as in the equation that follows this the author uses the cut symbol |, for $m_{k}$, and at the last inequality there is no mathematical operator between $m_{k}$ and n + (n+1) and I assume a product is not involved since there are no parenthesis. Same thing happens in the equation below between and $m_{k}$ and $n$, where in the book there is even a visible space between the two numbers.
Any hints on what happens from the point I got lost on will be extremely helpful.
The book I am reading is "Linear Algebra for Quantum Theory" by Per-Olov Lowdin.
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up vote 2 down vote accepted
The cut symbol is a typo. This is supposed to be $ m_k n \le m_{k+1} \le m_k n + n - 1$.
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Thanks. It all makes sense now. – Raphael R. Mar 25 '11 at 18:01
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How to: Specify a Merge Article Resolver (Replication Transact-SQL Programming)
When defining an article for a merge publication, you can specify a custom conflict resolver. For more information, see Advanced Merge Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution. Microsoft SQL Server includes a number of predefined custom conflict resolvers, or you can write your own. If you need to implement custom logic that is executed for each replicated row, not just for conflicting rows, see How to: Implement a Business Logic Handler for a Merge Article (Replication Programming).
To register a custom conflict resolver
 1. If you plan to register your own custom conflict resolver, create one of the following types:
 2. To determine if the desired resolver is already registered, execute sp_enumcustomresolvers (Transact-SQL) at the Publisher on any database. This displays a description of the custom resolver as well as the class identifier (CLSID) for each COM-based resolver registered at the Distributor or information on the managed assembly for each business logic handler registered at the Distributor.
 3. If the desired custom resolver is not already registered, execute sp_registercustomresolver (Transact-SQL) at the Distributor. Specify a name for the resolver for @article_resolver; for a business logic handler, this is the friendly name of the assembly. For COM-based resolvers, specify the CLSID of the DLL for @resolver_clsid, and for a business logic handler, specify a value of true for @is_dotnet_assembly, the name of the assembly for @dotnet_assembly_name, and the fully-qualified name of the class that overrides BusinessLogicModule for @dotnet_class_name.
 NoteNote
 If a business logic handler assembly is not deployed in the same directory as the Merge Agent executable, in the same directory as the application that synchronously starts the Merge Agent, or in the global assembly cache (GAC), you need to specify the full path with the assembly name for @dotnet_assembly_name.
 4. If the resolver is a COM-based resolver:
 - Copy the custom resolver DLL to the Distributor for push subscriptions or to the Subscriber for pull subscriptions.
 NoteNote
 Microsoft custom resolvers can be found in the C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\COM directory.
 - Use regsvr32.exe to register the custom resolver DLL with the operating system. For example, executing the following from the command prompt registers the SQL Server Additive Conflict Resolver:
 regsvr32 ssradd.dll

 5. If the resolver is a business logic handler, deploy the assembly in the same folder as the Merge Agent executable (replmerg.exe), in the same folder as an application that invokes the Merge Agent, or in the folder specified for the @dotnet_assembly_name parameter in step 3.
 NoteNote
 The default installation location of the Merge Agent executable is C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\COM.
To specify a custom resolver when defining a merge article
 1. If you plan to use a custom conflict resolver, create and register the resolver using the above procedure.
 2. At the Publisher, execute sp_enumcustomresolvers (Transact-SQL) and note the name of the desired custom resolver in the value field of result set.
 3. At the Publisher on the publication database, execute sp_addmergearticle (Transact-SQL). Specify the name of the resolver from step 2 for @article_resolver and any required input to the custom resolver using the @resolver_info parameter. For stored procedure-based custom resolvers, @resolver_info is the name of the stored procedure. For more information about required input for resolvers supplied by Microsoft, see Microsoft COM-Based Resolvers.
To specify or change a custom resolver for an existing merge article
 1. To determine if a custom resolver has been defined for an article, or to get the name of the resolver, execute sp_helpmergearticle (Transact-SQL). If there is a custom resolver defined for the article, its name will be displayed in the article_resolver field. Any input supplied to the resolver will be displayed in the resolver_info field of the result set.
 2. At the Publisher, execute sp_enumcustomresolvers (Transact-SQL) and note the name of the desired custom resolver in the value field of the result set.
 3. At the Publisher on the publication database, execute sp_changemergearticle (Transact-SQL). Specify a value of article_resolver, including the full path for business logic handlers, for @property, and the name of the desired custom resolver from step 2 for @value.
 4. To change any required input for the custom resolver, execute sp_changemergearticle (Transact-SQL) again. Specify a value of resolver_info for @property and any required input to the custom resolver for @value. For stored procedure-based custom resolvers, @resolver_info is the name of the stored procedure. For more information about required input, see Microsoft COM-Based Resolvers.
To unregister a custom conflict resolver
 1. At the Publisher, execute sp_enumcustomresolvers (Transact-SQL) and note the name of the custom resolver to remove in the value field of the result set.
 2. Execute sp_unregistercustomresolver (Transact-SQL) at the Distributor. Specify the full name of the custom resolver from step 1 for @article_resolver.
This example creates a new article and specifies that the SQL Server Averaging Conflict Resolver be used to calculate the average of the UnitPrice column when conflicts occur.
DECLARE @publication AS sysname;
DECLARE @article AS sysname;
SET @publication = 'AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge';
SET @article = 'Products';
EXEC sp_addmergearticle
 @publication = @publication,
 @article = @article,
 @source_object = @article,
 @article_resolver = 'Microsoft SQL Server Averaging Conflict Resolver',
 @resolver_info = 'UnitPrice';
GO
This example changes an article to specify using the SQL Server Additive Conflict Resolver to calculate the sum of the UnitsOnOrder column when conflicts occur.
DECLARE @publication AS sysname;
DECLARE @article AS sysname;
SET @publication = 'AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge';
SET @article = 'Products';
EXEC sp_changemergearticle
 @publication = @publication,
 @article = @article,
 @property='article_resolver',
 @value='Microsoft SQL Server Additive Conflict Resolver';
EXEC sp_changemergearticle
 @publication = @publication,
 @article = @article,
 @property='resolver_info',
 @value='UnitsOnOrder';
GO
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© 2015 Microsoft


How to use Enums for Django Field.choices
In Django when using the choices parameter on a form field the format passed in must be as follows:
# within your models.Model class...
 ('0', 'freshman'),
 ('1','sophomore'),
 ('2', 'junior'),
 ('3','senior'),
student_type = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=STUDENT_TYPE_CHOICES)
This means elsewhere in your code if you want to specify a choice field value, you'd have to enter the first slot of the tuple's value, e.g.:
junior_students = Student.objects.filter(student_type='2')
This is pretty terrible since it's hardcoded in our source, possibly over many files.
How to fix this mess:
In my project I added common/ containing the following:
from enum import Enum
class ChoiceEnum(Enum):
 def choices(cls):
 return tuple((, i.value) for i in cls)
That's the hard work over.
Now when you create your field with choices:
from common.utils import ChoiceEnum
class StudentTypes(ChoiceEnum):
 freshman = 0
 sophomore = 1
 junior = 2
 senior = 3
# within your models.Model class...
class Student(models.Model):
 student_type = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=StudentTypes.choices())
Now if we need to access StudentTypes from elsewhere in our source code, we can simply:
junior_students = Student.objects.filter(student_type=StudentTypes.junior.value)
That's it. If anyone knows of a nicer way feel free to comment below.
16 thoughts on "How to use Enums for Django Field.choices
 1. asd
 In the choices method you can just do "for member in cls" or "for member in cls.__members__".
 2. Jake
 I think you're solving a problem that doesn't exist and and adding unnecessary complexity.
 You're not limited to using integers as keys for the choices. You're storing the key in a charfield, so a string will work fine (increase the max_length, obviously).
 3. anon62453
 [re-posted with code block]
 Here's what we used for the same issue:
 def choices(cls):
 return [(x.value, for x in cls]
 4. Victor
 choices = tuple([(str(p[1].value), p[0]) for p in props])
 There is not need in creating the intermediary list:
 choices = tuple((str(p[1].value), p[0]) for p in props)
 5. Damien de Lemeny
 Hi and thanks for the tip!
 Enumerations provided by enum34 support iteration, so your snippet can be simplified to a one liner :
 return [(, choice.value) for choice in cls]
 6. matt
 This solution cannot be recommended. Use the django-enumfield instead
 The *.value syntax will give you headaches in the long run especially in equality tests on your models:
 At some point you will test your model fields for equality:
 model.student_type == StudentTypes.freshman
 model.student_type == StudentTypes.freshman.value
 Have been there, do not want to go there again.
 1. Siddharth Pant
 That's easily solvable by just defining your own Enum class with __str__, __repr__ and __eq__ special methods. You can define them at one place and use it everywhere. By this way you have to use StudentTypes.freshman.value only at the Field definition in the model(i.e. only when you provide a default field value). At all other places StudentTypes.freshman will work. i think that is much better than using a third party library.
 7. nmgeek
 The ChoiceEnum.choices function was not returning the choices in the order I declared them so I reworked that class and ended up with a more compact implementation:
 class ChoiceEnum(Enum):
 def choices(cls):
 # format into django choice list
 return [(cls[m].value,m.replace('_',' ').title()) for m in reversed(cls._member_names_)]
 This also massages the user visible names for multi-word enum members.
 8. Samantha Atkins
 Why not something like:
 class Choices(object):
 def __init__(self, **choices):
 self._choices = choices
 self._rev_choices = {v:k for k,v in choices.items()}
 def choices(self):
 return self._choices
 def choice_name(self, value):
 return self._rev_choices.get(value)
Leave a Reply


text:
them or take them to help. The Army community offers many sources of help. The Community Mental Health Service or hospital departments of psychiatry, as well as psychology or social work services and division mental health services should be considered first in looking for help. after duty hours, the hospital emergency room would be the best source. When the danger is less immediate, the Family Life Center and the Chaplaincy offer compassionate counseling services. Other sources of help include the alcohol and drug community counseling center, Army Community Services (ACS) and the chain of command.
What Not To Do
- Don't Leave anyone alone if you believe the risk of suicide is imminent.
- Don't assume the person isn't the suicidal "type".
- Don't act shocked at what the person tells you.
- Don't debate the morality of self-destruction or talk about how it may hurt others. This may induce more guilt.
- Don't keep a deadly secret. Tell someone what you suspect.
Suicide is a traumatic event for the individual and for all those people who have some connection with the person. Edwin Schneidman, Ph.D., founding president of the American Association of Suicidology, has stated:
"Human understanding is the most effective weapon against suicide. The greatest need is to deepen the awareness and sensitivity of people to their fellow man."


text:
Skip to Main Content
The focus of this survey is on research in applying evolutionary and other metaheuristic search algorithms to automatically generating content for games, both digital and nondigital (such as board games). The term search-based procedural content generation is proposed as the name for this emerging field, which at present is growing quickly. A taxonomy for procedural content generation is devised, centering on what kind of content is generated, how the content is represented and how the quality/fitness of the content is evaluated; search-based procedural content generation in particular is situated within this taxonomy. This article also contains a survey of all published papers known to the authors in which game content is generated through search or optimisation, and ends with an overview of important open research problems.


text:
Private collector
Spink & Son Ltd., London, to 1999
Freer Gallery of Art, purchased from Spink & Son Ltd. in 1999
 According to Curatorial Note 3 in the object record.
- Previous Owner(s)
Spink & Son Ltd.
Popular tales and lively images played a role in transmitting beliefs and values to the Jain community. The Shripalarasa is a narrative that recounts the wondrous adventures of the Jain Prince Shripala, who travels to distant lands in search of trade and wealth. In this unusually large and vivacious painting, the artist represents the Prince's ship as a British vessel. The inscriptions scattered across the painting, which repetively identify parts of the ship, indicate a fascination with seafaring. The depiction of the Union Jack lends immediacy to a story that took place long before the British came to India.
- Published References
- Pratapaditya Pal. The Peaceful Liberators: Jain Art from India. Exh. cat. New York and Los Angeles. cat. 120, pp. 256-257.
- Lincoln Paine. The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World. New York..
- Collection Area(s)
- South Asian and Himalayan Art
- Web Resources
- Google Cultural Institute
- Rights Statement
Copyright with museum


text:
The difference between mechanical seal and oil seal
Describe difference between mechanical seal and oil seal – Whether it is a mechanical seal or oil seal, it prevents the fluid seeping the liquid to other parts of the machine, or it keeps the rotating parts lubricated.
Both sealing types are popularly used in different mechanical engineering applications. How are they different? The article explains the fundamental working mechanism of both categories of seals.
The mechanical seal is used in a pump, mixer and other mechanical engineering scenarios to contain the fluid within a vessel where a shaft rotates through a stationary (or rotating) housing.
Why is mechanical seal important in this situation? It is because the rotating shaft has to move in a wet environment, but there should not be the leakage of pressurized fluid. Hence, the role of a seal is quite critical.
Does it mean the seal stops the leakage completely? Well, on the practical grounds yes because there is no 'visible leakage'.
There is a little leakage as the fluid vapors get released into the atmosphere from the faces of the seal, though. Since the quantity is hardly quantifiable, the seals are considered leak proof.
Qualities of mechanical seal
- The seals do not damage pump sleeve or shaft.
- Due to inboard springs that get adjusted as the seal faces wear, it is not required to do daily maintenance.
- Mechanical seals cause less power consumption than gland packing because of the lightly loaded faces.
- In mechanical seals, the lubricant doesn't get washed out. Therefore, bearing contamination gets avoided in normal operational conditions.
- Plant equipment remains corrosion free.
- Relatively less maintenance and cleaning are required. It makes mechanical seals cost-effective.
- Oil seals prevent accumulation of dirt in the machine.
Oil seals close off the space between stationary and moving components in the mechanical equipment. It saves the lubricant from escaping through the equipment and ensures smooth operation of the machine.
Oil seals are called rotary shaft seal or radial lip also.
Benefits of oil seals
- Oil seals prevent seeping of potentially hazardous contaminants like dirt or fluid in the running machine
- These seals safeguard mixing of two things like oil and water
- In the high-intensity work environment, oil seals play a vital role
- Oil seals are long-lasting and sturdy
- Oil seals can work relentlessly if the preventive and corrective maintenance is in place
- Low wear and tear
Since oil seals are versatile and multipurpose, they are suitable for all types of mechanical engineering situations, e.g., manufacturing units, automobiles, pumps, etc.
When there is a need for rebuilding a cylinder and pump instead of building a new one.
It is possible to get custom-made seals manufactured at reasonable rates from good-quality manufacturers if the readymade seal specification doesn't meet the requirement.
It is critically important that you choose the appropriate seal for an application. The seals should be ordered from a manufacturer of high repute. To get the best seals, it is important to give accurate design specifications.
Leak-Pack specialize in providing solutions to all types of leakages by manufacturing Mechanical Seals and Sealing Components as per customer's drawings, samples or requirements. To know more about Mechanical Seal call on +91-(2739) 271592 or email at _EMAIL_.
Read More Articles:


text:
The timestamps in file names are used by the auditreduce command to locate records within a specific time range. These timestamps are important because there can be a month's accumulation or more of audit files online. To search all the files for records that were generated in the last 24 hours would be unacceptably expensive.
The start-time and end-time are timestamps with one-second resolution. They are specified in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The format is four digits for the year, followed by two digits for each month, day, hour, minute, and second, as follows:
The timestamps are in GMT to ensure that they sort in proper order, even across time zones. Because they are in GMT, the date and hour must be translated to the current time zone to be meaningful. Beware of this point whenever you manipulate these files with standard file commands rather than with the auditreduce command.


text:
Word Glossary: S
sidebar: Typically, a block of supplementary material placed in a text box in a document.
SmartArt: A Microsoft Word feature that lets you add several different types of useful diagrams to your document. The idea behind SmartArt diagrams is to represent a bullet list as a diagram of interconnected shapes.
soft return: Manually inserting a new line without creating a new paragraph. On a PC keyboard, the shortcut is Shift+Enter.
spell checker: A feature in many applications that checks spelling (and often grammar) against a built-in dictionary.
style: 1. (noun) A collection of formatting commands that can be applied to text to make a document look more consistent and attractive. 2. (verb) To make consistent with a formatting convention by applying a certain style.
synonym: Words that have similar meanings, such as pink and rosy.


text:
The Administration of NSW Volume 1
Politics‚ Patronage and Public Works
The early 1840s saw the campaign for colonial self-government gain momentum driven by massive social and political change. Pressures such as the growth and dispersal of the population; the government's direct responsibility for expensive infrastructure; and the democratic, disorganised nature of colonial politics necessitated administrative innovation and improvisation.
Hilary Golder's history locates administrative developments in their social and political context, showing how the administration of New South Wales developed in response to a set of distinctively Australian problems and solutions. She has drawn on parliamentary papers, politicians' private correspondence and the rich resource of surviving government records to attempt a more sympathetic reading of administrative challenges in a growing colony.
Government was responsible for an exponential growth in the number
of colonial public servants, including armies of railway workers and teachers. By 1895 this expansion had become unaffordable and the Public Service Board was set up to retrench and regulate government employment and priorities - reformers condemning the previous arrangements as extravagant, inefficient and even corrupt.
To purchase a copy
The price of the guide is $59.95 over the counter or $71.95 by mail.


text:
The Billhead evolved from what was known as a "Trade Card," and in the twentieth Century, became known as letterhead. It was created by printing a heading at the top of a sheet of paper, usually from an engraved copper plate. The lower part of the sheet was used for writing a list, a note, or a bill. The standard billhead measured seven to eight inches wide, and four inches or more in length, depending on the need for space for writing the bill. The printed heading usually included an illustration, and sometimes a street address or location of the business. They also included space to write the date and town where the business transaction took place. They were printed on durable rag paper up until the 1860's and 1870's, after which they were printed on thinner woodpulp paper. In general, billheads of this style were in use and remained relatively the same for approximately a 150 year time frame, over three centuries. As historical artifacts, billheads are useful for providing information about tradesmen's products and prices. They help document the types of goods and services that consumers were purchasing.
The American Antiquarian Society has a collection of over 500 billheads representative of what was printed between the 1780's and 1900. They are housed in two boxes. The first box is devoted entirely to billheads from Boston merchants. The other box includes billheads from traders and hotels located in several states, including Massachusetts. They are organized alphabetically by city and state.
-Terri Tremblay, Assistant Curator of Graphic Arts
Source: Rickards, Maurice, The Encyclopedia of Ephemera. New York: Routledge, 2000.


Packages
object Array extends FallbackArrayBuilding with Serializable
Utility methods for operating on arrays. For example:
val a = Array(1, 2)
val b = Array.ofDim[Int](2)
val c = Array.concat(a, b)
where the array objects a, b and c have respectively the values Array(1, 2), Array(0, 0) and Array(1, 2, 0, 0).
Source
Array.scala
Since
1.0
Linear Supertypes
Serializable, java.io.Serializable, FallbackArrayBuilding, AnyRef, Any
Ordering
 1. Alphabetic
 2. By Inheritance
Inherited
 1. Array
 2. Serializable
 3. Serializable
 4. FallbackArrayBuilding
 5. AnyRef
 6. Any
 1. Hide All
 2. Show All
Visibility
 1. Public
 2. All
Value Members
 1. final def !=(arg0: Any): Boolean
 Test two objects for inequality.
 Test two objects for inequality.
 returns
 true if !(this == that), false otherwise.
 Definition Classes
 AnyRef → Any
 2. final def ##(): Int
 Equivalent to x.hashCode except for boxed numeric types and null.
 Equivalent to x.hashCode except for boxed numeric types and null. For numerics, it returns a hash value which is consistent with value equality: if two value type instances compare as true, then ## will produce the same hash value for each of them. For null returns a hashcode where null.hashCode throws a NullPointerException.
 returns
 a hash value consistent with ==
 Definition Classes
 AnyRef → Any
 3. final def ==(arg0: Any): Boolean
 The expression x == that is equivalent to if (x eq null) that eq null else x.equals(that).
 The expression x == that is equivalent to if (x eq null) that eq null else x.equals(that).
 returns
 true if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; false otherwise.
 Definition Classes
 AnyRef → Any
 4. def apply(x: Unit, xs: Unit*): Array[Unit]
 Creates an array of Unit objects
 5. def apply(x: Double, xs: Double*): Array[Double]
 Creates an array of Double objects
 6. def apply(x: Float, xs: Float*): Array[Float]
 Creates an array of Float objects
 7. def apply(x: Long, xs: Long*): Array[Long]
 Creates an array of Long objects
 8. def apply(x: Int, xs: Int*): Array[Int]
 Creates an array of Int objects
 9. def apply(x: Char, xs: Char*): Array[Char]
 Creates an array of Char objects
 10. def apply(x: Short, xs: Short*): Array[Short]
 Creates an array of Short objects
 11. def apply(x: Byte, xs: Byte*): Array[Byte]
 Creates an array of Byte objects
 12. def apply(x: Boolean, xs: Boolean*): Array[Boolean]
 Creates an array of Boolean objects
 13. def apply[T](xs: T*)(implicit arg0: ClassTag[T]): Array[T]
 Creates an array with given elements.
 Creates an array with given elements.
 xs
 the elements to put in the array
 returns
 an array containing all elements from xs.
 14. final def asInstanceOf[T0]: T0
 Cast the receiver object to be of type T0.
 Cast the receiver object to be of type T0.
 Note that the success of a cast at runtime is modulo Scala's erasure semantics. Therefore the expression 1.asInstanceOf[String] will throw a ClassCastException at runtime, while the expression List(1).asInstanceOf[List[String]] will not. In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the requested type.
 returns
 the receiver object.
 Definition Classes
 Any
 Exceptions thrown
 ClassCastException if the receiver object is not an instance of the erasure of type T0.
 15. implicit def canBuildFrom[T](implicit t: ClassTag[T]): CanBuildFrom[Array[_], T, Array[T]]
 16. def clone(): AnyRef
 Create a copy of the receiver object.
 Create a copy of the receiver object.
 The default implementation of the clone method is platform dependent.
 returns
 a copy of the receiver object.
 Attributes
 protected[lang]
 Definition Classes
 AnyRef
 Annotations
 @throws( ... ) @native()
 Note
 not specified by SLS as a member of AnyRef
 17. def concat[T](xss: Array[T]*)(implicit arg0: ClassTag[T]): Array[T]
 Concatenates all arrays into a single array.
 Concatenates all arrays into a single array.
 xss
 the given arrays
 returns
 the array created from concatenating xss
 18. def copy(src: AnyRef, srcPos: Int, dest: AnyRef, destPos: Int, length: Int): Unit
 Copy one array to another.
 Copy one array to another. Equivalent to Java's System.arraycopy(src, srcPos, dest, destPos, length), except that this also works for polymorphic and boxed arrays.
 Note that the passed-in dest array will be modified by this call.
 src
 the source array.
 srcPos
 starting position in the source array.
 dest
 destination array.
 destPos
 starting position in the destination array.
 length
 the number of array elements to be copied.
 See also
 java.lang.System#arraycopy
 19. def empty[T](implicit arg0: ClassTag[T]): Array[T]
 Returns an array of length 0
 20. val emptyBooleanArray: Array[Boolean]
 21. val emptyByteArray: Array[Byte]
 22. val emptyCharArray: Array[Char]
 23. val emptyDoubleArray: Array[Double]
 24. val emptyFloatArray: Array[Float]
 25. val emptyIntArray: Array[Int]
 26. val emptyLongArray: Array[Long]
 27. val emptyObjectArray: Array[AnyRef]
 28. val emptyShortArray: Array[Short]
 29. final def eq(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean
 Tests whether the argument (that) is a reference to the receiver object (this).
 Tests whether the argument (that) is a reference to the receiver object (this).
 The eq method implements an equivalence relation on non-null instances of AnyRef, and has three additional properties:
 - It is consistent: for any non-null instances x and y of type AnyRef, multiple invocations of x.eq(y) consistently returns true or consistently returns false.
 - For any non-null instance x of type AnyRef, x.eq(null) and null.eq(x) returns false.
 - null.eq(null) returns true.
 When overriding the equals or hashCode methods, it is important to ensure that their behavior is consistent with reference equality. Therefore, if two objects are references to each other (o1 eq o2), they should be equal to each other (o1 == o2) and they should hash to the same value (o1.hashCode == o2.hashCode).
 returns
 true if the argument is a reference to the receiver object; false otherwise.
 Definition Classes
 AnyRef
 30. def equals(arg0: Any): Boolean
 The equality method for reference types.
 The equality method for reference types. Default implementation delegates to eq.
 See also equals in scala.Any.
 returns
 true if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; false otherwise.
 Definition Classes
 AnyRef → Any
 31. implicit def fallbackCanBuildFrom[T](implicit m: DummyImplicit): CanBuildFrom[Array[_], T, ArraySeq[T]]
 A builder factory that generates a generic array.
 A builder factory that generates a generic array. Called instead of Array.newBuilder if the element type of an array does not have a class tag. Note that fallbackBuilder factory needs an implicit parameter (otherwise it would not be dominated in implicit search by Array.canBuildFrom). We make sure that implicit search is always successful.
 Definition Classes
 FallbackArrayBuilding
 32. def fill[T](n1: Int, n2: Int, n3: Int, n4: Int, n5: Int)(elem: ⇒ T)(implicit arg0: ClassTag[T]): Array[Array[Array[Array[Array[T]]]]]
 Returns a five-dimensional array that contains the results of some element computation a number of times.
 Returns a five-dimensional array that contains the results of some element computation a number of times.
 n1
 the number of elements in the 1st dimension
 n2
 the number of elements in the 2nd dimension


text:
As of 2023, information on a specific solar farm policy in Malta is not readily available. However, Malta has been proactive in promoting renewable energy especially from the solar sector due to its abundant sunshine. The government has introduced several initiatives like feed-in tariff schemes, incentives for individuals and businesses to install photovoltaic systems, and grants for the installation of solar water heaters.
Large scale solar farms might also be integrated into Malta's energy strategy as it seeks to achieve its renewable energy targets as defined by the European Union. For exact details and potential changes, it's recommended to contact Virtue Solaris or regulatory authorities on renewable energy.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Information contained on this page is provided by NewsUSA, an independent third-party content provider. WorldNow and this Station make no warranties or representations in connection therewith.
/Genesys Works) - It's great to get low-income students to college, but what if they drop out during their first year? What is the difference between those students who persist in college and those who do not? A new study revealed that the persistence rate in college from participants of a program that engages them to work in meaningful internships during high school is greater than it is for their peers.
"Once students experience professional success while in high school, continuing on a path to a lifetime of low-wage occupations is no longer an option, so when the going gets tough in college, they stay determined to succeed," said Rafael Alvarez, Founder and CEO of Genesys Works
Genesys Works is a 501c3 organization located in Houston, Texas, Chicago, Ill., and Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minn., that provides underprivileged high-school seniors with meaningful internships in Fortune 500 and other major companies. With data provided by Genesys Works and Houston Independent School District, researchers from the Texas Schools Project at The University of Texas at Dallas conducted a review and analysis of the impact of the Genesys Works internship program on a student's persistence beyond the first year of college.
The study found that 92 percent of program completers pursued a college education, and 86 percent persisted after their first year in college, as compared to their peers in the same schools, 50 percent of whom went on to college, and 41 percent persisted beyond year one.
These results suggest that the Genesys Works model can be a possible solution to alleviate the nationwide challenge associated with students persisting with their college education.
This also provides further support for two Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development reports that argue that vocational education that combines formal education and actual work experience is a highly effective method of learning that exceeds classroom education only. The Pathways to Prosperity Study released by the Harvard Graduate School of Education concludes that "if we could develop an American strategy to engage educators and employers in a more collaborative approach to the education and training of the next generation of workers, it would surely produce important social as well as economic returns on investment."
"Given that this is precisely what Genesys Works is trying to accomplish, the findings of this report lend support to the argument that programs like this are likely to yield high returns," said Dr. Nidhi Mehrotra, lead investigator for the project at the University of Texas Dallas.


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Test expectancy and memory for important information
Middlebrooks, C. D., Murayama, K. and Castel, A. D. (2017) Test expectancy and memory for important information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 43 (6). pp. 972-985. ISSN _PHONE_
Text - Accepted Version
· Please see our End User Agreement before downloading.
To link to this item DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000360
Prior research suggests that learners study and remember information differently depending upon the type of test they expect to later receive. The current experiments investigate how testing expectations impact the study of and memory for valuable information. Participants studied lists of words ranging in value from 1-10 points with the goal being to maximize their score on a later memory test. Half of the participants were told to expect a recognition test after each list, while the other half were told to expect a recall test. After several lists of receiving tests congruent with expectations, participants studying for a recognition test instead received an unexpected recall test. In Experiment 1, participants who had studied for a recognition test recalled less of the valuable information than participants anticipating the recall format. These participants continued to attend less to item value on future (expected) recall tests than participants who had only ever experienced recall testing. When the recognition tests were made more demanding in Experiment 2, value-based recall improved relative to Experiment 1: though memory for the valuable information remained superior when participants studied with the expectation of having to recall the information, there were no longer significant differences after accounting for recall testing experience. Thus, recall-based testing encouraged strategic, value-based encoding and enhanced retrieval of important information, while recognition testing in some cases limited value-based study and memory. These results extend prior work concerning the impact of testing expectations on memory, offering further insight into how people study important information.
Item Type:Article
ID Code:67946
Publisher:American Psychological Association.
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container or sink.
Cleaning Tips For Your Electric Cooktop
 - Any spills should be cleaned up right away.
 - Use gentle scrubbing pads to avoid scratching your stove.
 - Clean your cooktop with the ceramic cleaner regularly.
 - To avoid scratches, avoid moving pots and pans across the cooktop's surface.
What's the best way to get my electric cooktop clean?
Clean your stovetop two to three times a week, depending on how often you cook. Clean the cooktop the same day after a part of cooking or on the off chance that you had arranged for an expansive gathering. Too, clean the stove as rapidly as conceivable on the off chance that you spill something or if you burn nourishment on it. The longer you hold up to break down the oil, the more troublesome it'll be.
They cleaned an electric cooktop with a mixture of baking soda, medium-temperature water, and a cleanser.
 - For approximately a minute, make the stove hit.
 - Fill the pot with water and place it on the burner.
 - Baking soda should be used.
 - Allow the paste to rest for a few seconds.
 - Using a washcloth, remove the baking soda all over.
 - Scrub the afflicted area carefully with dish soap and a cleaning utensil.
 - With a cloth, wipe off the remains.
How do you use vinegar to clean an electric stove?
Vinegar is an excellent home cleanser for keeping your stovetop clean. It's ideal for cleaning at the surface level, and it'll give your stovetop a lovely sheen.
Step 1: Before applying the vinegar to your stovetop, mix it with water in a 2:1 ratio
Step 2: Dip a cloth in the solution or simply spray the stovetop.
Step 3: Clean the cooktop with a damp cloth.
What is the best way to wipe away burn scars from an electric cooktop?
Utilize a preparing pop and vinegar blend to eradicate scars from your electric stove. This glue will be slightly more muscular than the one made with heating pop and water. Combine those as the ratio of 2:1
Because vinegar is acidic, it will react with baking soda, which is more basic, and fizzle, softening the burn scars on your stove. To avoid scratches, you should avoid cleaning the cooktop directly.
You can repeat the process until your stovetop is clean if you have difficulties wiping away the burn marks after letting the paste rest for a few minutes.
How often should your electric stove be cleaned?
The truth is that cleaning your electric stove after each user is the most fantastic method to keep it gleaming clean. Every time the furnace is used, clean up any spills using a wet cloth or sponge. The need for a frequent, more profound cleaning session will be reduced due to these little cleans after each meal.
It's best to clean electric stove top burners regularly, if not weekly, to make things simpler for yourself in the future. If you get rid of such areas as soon as they appear, food and oil won't have a chance to get trapped or cause harm. A clean stove top not only helps to preserve your and your family's health, but it also sets the tone for a beautiful kitchen. Please let us know which of these options has proven to be beneficial to you.
Furthermore, if you have any further queries or issues to report, please leave a comment below. Finally, if you have any questions on how to clean an electric cooktop regarding the processes above, this video should help you understand them better:
Related articles about electric cooktops:
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lyric-driven French song
A chanson (UK: , US: , French: [ʃɑ̃sɔ̃] (listen); lit. 'song') is generally any lyric-driven French song, though it most often refers to the secular polyphonic French songs of late medieval and Renaissance music. The genre had origins in the monophonic songs of troubadours and trouvères, though the only polyphonic precedents were 16 works by Adam de la Halle and one by Jehan de Lescurel. Not until the ars nova composer Guillaume de Machaut did any composer write a significant number of polyphonic chansons.A broad term, the word "chanson" literally means "song" in French and can thus less commonly refers to a variety of (usually secular) French genres throughout history. This includes the songs of chansonnier, chanson de geste and Grand chant; court songs of the late Renaissance and early Baroque music periods, air de cour; popular songs from the 17th to 19th century, bergerette, brunette, chanson pour boire, pastourelle, and vaudeville; art song of the romantic era, mélodie; and folk music, chanson populaire. Since the 1990s, the term may be used for Nouvelle Chanson, a French song that often contains poetic or political content.
Read more or edit on Wikipedia


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Supermarket shelves across the UK are no longer selling free range eggs amid the "largest ever outbreak" of bird flu due to wide measures introduced to tackle the avian flu.
In late November 2021 the UK imposed a wide range of measures to tackle bird flu which resulted in hens being kept inside large barns for many months for commercial flocks.
On Monday the grace period ended after 16 weeks after the government allowed farmers to keep the "free range status" for eggs as to protect human and animal health the birds were placed into barns.
Eggs now sold in the UK are to be labelled "barn eggs" and no longer free range, this will remain until the Environment Department (Defra) lift the current health and safety measures.
A Defra spokesperson said, "We are experiencing our largest ever outbreak of avian flu and housing measures remain in force to protect poultry and other birds from this highly infectious and unpleasant disease.
"We continue to provide support for the poultry sector throughout this challenging time.
"The 16-week grace period we allowed for free range eggs has now been exceeded, and eggs must now be marketed as 'barn eggs.'
"We have worked closely with the sector and retailers to implement these changes as smoothly as possible."


Stephen J. Schueler, M.D.
Overview
Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness 17 Causes
The freeMD virtual doctor has found 17 conditions that can cause Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness.
Mouse over to view each condition's most common symptoms
There are 5 common conditions that can cause Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness.
 1. Deviated Septum
 2. Diabetes
 3. Influenza
 4. Sinusitis
 5. Type 2 Diabetes
There are 4 somewhat common conditions that can cause Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness.
 1. Cocaine Abuse
 2. Drug Side Effect
 3. Head Injury
 4. Stroke
There are 3 uncommon conditions that can cause Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness.
 1. Multiple Sclerosis
 2. Pernicious Anemia
 3. Type 1 Diabetes
There are 5 rare conditions that can cause Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness.
 1. Astrocytoma
 2. Brain Tumor
 3. Glioblastoma Multiforme
 4. Meningioma
 5. Oligodendroglioma
Last Updated: Aug 25, 2010 References
Authors: Stephen J. Schueler, MD; John H. Beckett, MD; D. Scott Gettings, MD
Copyright DSHI Systems, Inc. Powered by: FreeMD - Your Virtual Doctor
References
 1. Ferri's Clinical Advisor, Fred F. Ferri - 2007
 2. Griffith's 5-Minute Clinical Consult, Mark Dambro - 2006
 3. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Anthony S. Fauci, Eugene Braunwald, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo - 2008
 4. Emergency medicine: a comprehensive study guide; Judith E. Tintinalli, Gabor D. Kelen, J. Stephan Stapczynski - 2004
 5. Nelson textbook of pediatrics, Robert Kliegman, Richard E. Behrman, Waldo Emerson Nelson - 2007
FreeMD is provided for information purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for evaluation and treatment by a physician. Please review our terms of use.


Although often called simply rainbow cookies in much of the continental United States, some local names for this special cookie are:
Neopolitan cookies
Seven-layer cookies
Tricolor cookies
Venetian cookies
In southern Italy almond paste cookies are abundant, but rainbow cookies weren't found in this region or anywhere else in Italy. Although it is reported that recently some bakeries in Italy feature the cookie during the Christmas holidays. Rainbow cookies are an Italian American invention and most likely created to honor the color of the Italian flag. While it can be pretty difficult to pinpoint the exact history or creator, Rainbow cookies were made popular in the late 1800s and early 1900s by Italian-American bakeries, particularly those found in New York City, such as De Lillo's and Ferrara's.
Here is a modern twist video on this old-time treat from CBS News:
Rainbow cookies are also a common dessert for Jewish Americans. As Jewish refugees from Eastern Europe settled in New York at the turn of the 20th century, they often settled in areas that also had an Italian population. It was at this point that Jewish Americans were introduced to the rainbow cookie. The original rainbow cookie was made with butter and featured the Italian flag-like design in white, red and green. Jewish Americans adapted this cookie to suit their own Kosher dietary needs, substituting margarine for the butter. Jewish Americans were the first to change the original Italian flag design from a white layer to a yellow layer and the cookies are quite popular at Jewish delicatessens.
Italian American Rainbow Cookies
1- 8 ounce can almond paste
1 cup of sugar
4 eggs, separated
1 teaspoon almond extract
2 cups sifted all-purpose flour
1/4 teaspoon salt
10 drops green food coloring
8 drops red food coloring
12-ounce jar apricot preserves
8 ounces semisweet chocolate
Heat the oven to 350 degrees F. Grease three 13 x 9 x 2-inch baking dishes; line with waxed paper; spray the paper with cooking spray.
Break up the almond paste in an electric mixer bowl with a fork. Add butter, sugar, egg yolks and extract and beat with the mixer until fluffy, 5 minutes. Beat in the flour and salt.
Beat egg whites in a separate bowl until stiff peaks form. Stir into the almond mixture with a wooden spoon, using a turning motion similar to folding.
Remove 1-1/2 cups batter; spread evenly into one of the prepared pans. Remove another 1-1/2 cups batter to small bowl; tint green with coloring. Spread into the second pan. Tint remaining 1-1/2 cups batter red. Spread in the remaining pan.
Bake 15 minutes or until edges are lightly golden; cake layers will each be 1/4 inch thick. Immediately remove cakes from the pans onto large wire racks. Carefully peel off waxed paper. Cool.
Place red layer on upturned jelly roll pan or large platter lined with foil. Heat preserves; strain. Spread half of the strained preserves over the red layer. Top with a white layer. Spread with remaining preserves. Cover with a green layer, top side up.
Cover with plastic wrap. Weigh down with a large wooden cutting board, heavy flat tray, or large book. Refrigerate overnight.
Melt chocolate on top of a double boiler over hot water.
Trim off the uneven cake edges with a sharp knife. Frost the top layer with half of the melted chocolate. Let chocolate dry. Turn the rectangle over and frost with the remaining chocolate. Let the chocolate dry. Cut the cake crosswise into 1-inch-wide strips. Cut each strip into 1-inch pieces. Makes about 6 dozen. Store in a container in the refrigerator. Cookies freeze well.


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Schools and Students
Private schools in 1999–2000 were located primarily in central cities (42 percent) and the urban fringe or large towns (40 percent) (table 2). About 18 percent of private schools were found in rural areas. In contrast, 24 percent of all public schools were in central city locations, 45 percent in the urban fringe or large towns, and 31 percent in rural areas. Most schools—61 percent of private and 71 percent of public—were elementary, but 10 percent of private schools and 25 percent of public schools were secondary. Finally, a much higher proportion of private schools (30 percent) were combined schools (usually grades K–12 or 1–12), compared with only 4 percent of public schools.
Figures and Tables
Table 2: Percentage distribution of schools according to community type and level, by sector and private school type: _PHONE_
Table S2: Standard errors for the percentage distribution of schools according to community type and level, by sector and private school type: _PHONE_


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Functions Order Models Guide
Here is a guide to the various models for Jung/MBTI functions. For the sake of clarity, I will simply list the models in this post and save any opinions I have on these models for subsequent posts in this thread.
For the examples in this post I will use ISTP, just for the sake of convenience.
Dominant and Auxiliary Functions
In his book Psychological Types (first published in 1921), Carl Jung discusses eight functions. The Rational functions are Thinking and Feeling, both of which can be Extraverted or Introverted. The Irrational functions are Sensing and Intuitive, which again can be Extraverted or Introverted.
For each type, there is both a Dominant function and an Auxiliary function. The Auxiliary function is of the opposite rationality and attitude, so someone with a dominant Introverted Rational Function (Ti or Fi) would have an auxiliary Extraverted Irrational Function (Se or Ne).
Myers-Briggs Four Function Model, and The Four-Letter Type Code
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was first published in 1962. It was with this instrument that the 4-letter type code, and in particular the J/P designation (something Jung did not mention in his work), was introduced.
For Extraverts, ExxPs have an Irrational function (Se or Ne) as their dominant function, while ExxJs have a Rational function (Te or Fe) as their dominant function.
For Introverts, IxxPs have a Rational function (Ti or Fi) as their dominant function, while IxxJs have an Irrational function (Si or Ni) as their dominant function.
The four-function model also features tertiary and inferior functions. The tertiary function is the "opposite" of the auxiliary function, while the inferior function is the "opposite" of the dominant function. When I refer to "opposites" in this sense, I mean the following:
Ti is the opposite of Fe
Fi is the opposite of Te
Se is the opposite of Ni
Ne is the opposite of Si
So, for our ISTP example:
John Beebe's Eight-Function Model
But the four-function model only accounts for half of Jung's eight functions. So what about the other four?
John Beebe, who first published about his model in the 1980s, came up with "Shadow" functions, which are arranged like this:
Ti is the shadow of Fi
Te is the shadow of Fe
Se is the shadow of Ne
Si is the shadow of Ni
The Dominant, Auxiliary, Tertiary, and Inferior functions are the first four (Beebe refers to them as Hero/Heroine, Father/Mother, Puer/Puella, and Anima/Animus). The last four functions, which Beebe calls Opposing Personality, Senex/Witch, Trickster, and Demonic Personality, are the same functions with opposite attitudes. So for our ISTP example, the functions are arranged in the following order:
Lenore Thomson's Brain Hemisphere-Based Model
Research on brain lateralization has shown that behaviors that correspond to Thinking, Feeling, Sensing, and Intuition are in both hemispheres of the brain, with the left brain being more sequential and verbally oriented and the right brain being more holistic and visually oriented. Extraversion has been associated with the front of the brain, while Introversion has been associated with the back of the brain.
Thus, Jonathan Niednagel has associated left-brain dominance with Judging (Js have Te or Fe and Si or Ni as their main functions) and right-brain dominance with Perceiving (Ps have Ti or Si and Se or Ne as their main functions).
Lenore Thomson took this one step further, associating each of the eight functions with a specific part of the brain.
Front-Left: Te, Fe
Front-Right: Se, Ne
Back-Left: Si, Ni
Back-Right: Ti, Fi
In her book, Personality Type: An Owner's Manual (1998), Thomson introduced the idea of Alternatives and Double-Agents. The Alternatives are on the same side of the brain as your dominant and auxiliary functions, while the Double-Agents are on the opposite side. So for our ISTP (right-brain dominant) example, it looks like this:
Right-brain Alternative 1: Fi
Right-brain Alternative 2: Ne
Left-brain Double Agent 1: Te
Left-brain Double Agent 2: Si
Socionics Model A
Unlike Beebe and Thomson, who developed their models based on the work of Myers-Briggs, Aušra Augustinavičiūtė developed her model independently of Myers-Briggs, first publishing at some point between 1978 and 1980.
Model A is difficult for me to explain in words, so I'll just use an example of LSI (ISTj).
- Leading function: Ti
- Creative: Se
- Role: Ni
- Vulnerable: Fe
- Suggestive: Ne
- Mobilizing: Fi
- Observant or Ignoring: Si
- Demonstrative: Te


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PEAT HYPERTHERMIA THERAPY (PHTD) THERAPY
Why you would use this therapy?
The answer to that is why would you not want to use this therapy?
PHDT is a passive therapy which means you don't do anything but relax while receiving it. It is carried out using a rare and amazing peat mud that has been formed over tens of thousands of years. The result is a substance infused with a rich collection of flora, minerals, trace elements and organic substances such as amino acids, volatile oils, waxes and resins, vitamins, enzymes and natural antibiotics. Amazingly, the mud just drops off when the treatment is completed in the bath, leaving your skin fantastically soft.
- Natural passive detoxification of deep tissue and fat cells
- Increased circulation promoting regeneration
- Reduced inflammation of the whole body
- Enhanced immune system
- Passive lymphatic stimulation
- Aids removal of chemicals and heavy metals.
- Decreases stress
- Relieves pain
- Soothes aching muscles
- Promotes hormone balance
- Enhances damaged tissue repair
- Safe and effective passive treatment
- Not tested on animals
Safe, natural and effective treatment
Peat Hyperthermia Detox Therapy is a highly beneficial treatment that can be used for a variety of conditions as it aids the elimination of highly damaging toxins and waste products from the body's cells and tissues, resulting in improvement of overall cell and organ function and an increased ability of the body to heal itself.
Supports the following symptoms:
- Back pain
- Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Chronic Gout
- Gynaecological Disorders
- Metabolic Disorders
- Muscle Tension
- Acute Hypertension
- Open wounds
- Pre-existing high fever
The following, if not under medical supervision:
- Diabetes mellitus
- Respiratory insufficiency
- Neurological disorders
- Orthopaedic Disorders
- Post-operative rehabilitation
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Rheumatic Arthritis
- Skin care
- Stress relief
- Viral Infections
- Weight loss
Dr Zayd Ratansi
Dr Ratansi is a well known Canadian Naturopath who has truly large clinics in Vancouver and Palm Springs. His research into this amazing therapy is thoroughly comprehensive and he has for the last ten years been achieving remarkable results at his clinics using the Peat Hyperthermia Detox Therapy and Oxygen combined with nutrients.
What to Expect when having PHDT at the Natural Wellbeing Detox Clinic:
- Elanra Air Optimisation will be in process in the clinic from when you arrive.
- You will be required to fill out a questionnaire unless you are already receiving treatment at the clinic.
- You will be given a Green Smoothie to drink.
- Followed by a natural supplement called Cellogie. This special supplement is processed in a manner that mimics snowflakes. Under the correct humidity and pressure the crystals come together and attach and integrate themselves into one central sphere. This method means that Cellogie requires no insipients or capsule coating to hold it together. Like snowflakes it just dissolves in the mouth allowing fast assimilation and absorption. There are two parts: the grey ball is designed to increase cellular protection and assist the detoxification, the brown ball to increase the intake of natural micronutrients such as vitamins and trace minerals and aid circulation. It is 100% natural.
- You receive an Electrolyte drink to replace any minerals you may lose during the treatment.
- Your temperature and pulse will be monitored before, during and after treatment.
- You will prepare for and enter the mud bath which you will be in for between 8-12 minutes until your appropriate body temperature is achieved.
- You will then transfer to a couch where you will be swathed in layers of bedding.
- Water will available during your treatment.
- The Avalon LED face mask will be placed over your eyes, but not touching, to enhance the treatment and remains on for 20 minutes.
- You will be left to perspire after this for a period suitable to your treatment.
- You dry yourself but do not shower and you should remain away from draughts for this period. In winter please bring adequate warm clothing for use when leaving the clinic.
- You will be given a further Green Smoothie to drink before leaving. These are made using an Infinity Blender.
- Should you require information on this or any other health-promoting equipment used during your therapy please ask your practioner.
- You should shower between one hour and three hours after treatment to remove any residual toxins remaining on your body.
Heat Hyperthermia Therapists
Both therapists trained with Dr Zayd Ratansi and received his Peat Hyperthermia Detox Therapy Diploma.
- Ann Knott ND
- Brian James
If you have a preference for a female or male therapist this can be accommodated at your request.


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BACKGROUND Rib fractures (RFx) remain the most prevalent injury in an elderly population that will increase from 40 to 81 million for the next 30 years. We sought to create an accurate cost-effective algorithm to triage elderly patients with RFx that accounted for both frailty and trauma burden. METHODS Retrospective analysis evaluated 400 patients older than 55 years with RFx admitted to a level 1 trauma center from 2007 to 2012. Comorbidities included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, tobacco use, obesity, and nutrition and functional status. Trauma burden included RFx, tube thoracostomy, pulmonary contusions, and spine and extremity fractures. Patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores lower than 13, thoracoabdominal surgery, or deaths from other causes were excluded. Comparative analysis used bivariate and logistic regression. Variables contributing to intubation (INT) and pneumonia (PNA) were then used to create a scoring system to predict the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. RESULTS Six variables increased the risk for INT or PNA: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, low albumin, assisted status, tube thoracostomy, Injury Severity Score, and RFx (p < 0.05). These six variables and congestive heart failure (odds ratio, 1.9; p = 0.06) were used to create a predictive model with the following scores assigned respectively: 1.4, 1.1, 1, 0.9, 0.1(n), 0.1(n), and 0.6. A score lower than 3.7 had a sensitivity and specificity of 78.5% and 78.9%. The negative predictive value was 94.5% for INT or PNA, suggesting a low risk for ICU requirement. Ninety-two ICU admissions had a score lower than 3.7. Forty had no other indication for ICU admission aside from RFx. These patients had an average ICU length of stay of 1.7 days, resulting in an increased cost of $2,200 per patient. CONCLUSION A scoring system combining frailty and trauma burden may provide more accurate and cost-effective triage of the elderly trauma patient with RFx. Further prospective studies are required to verify our scoring system. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and epidemiologic study, level III.
- Rib fractures
- Scoring system
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine