the indicator function 1(yiβxi0)\mathbf{1}(y_i \beta x_i \leq \mathbf{0}) over all ii samples. This is exponential in the inputs, as since there are two possible values for each pair, there are 2n2^n possible configurations to check for n total sample points. This is known to be NP-hard. Knowing the current value of your loss function doesn't provide any clue as to how you should possibly modify your current solution to improve, as you could derive if gradient methods for convex or continuous functions were available.
Sequence Modeling
Write the equation describing a dynamical system. Can you unfold it? Now, can you use this to describe a RNN?
Let us consider a dynamic system whose present state is a function of (depends on) the previous state. It can be expressed compactly, with cycles, as below:
state,st=f(st1;θ)\text{state}, s_{t} = f( s_{t-1} ; \theta )
This is a recursive/recurrent definition. The state at time 'tt', sts_t is a function (ff) of previous state st1s_{t-1}, parameterized by θ\theta. This equation needs to be unfolded as follows:
s3=f(s2;θ)=f(f(s1;θ)θ)s_{3} = f( s_{2}; \theta ) = f( f( s_{1}; \theta ) \theta )
Consider a little more complex system, whose state not only depends on the previous state, but also on an external signal 'xx'.
st=f(st1,xt;θ)s_{t} = f( s_{t-1}, x_{t}; \theta )
The system takes a signal xtx_t as input during time step 'tt', updates it's state based on the influence of xtx_t and the previous state, st1s_{t-1}. Now, let's try to think of such a system as a neural network. The state of the system can be seen as the hidden units of a neural network. The signal 'xx' at each time step, can be seen as a sequence of inputs given to the neural network, one input per time step. At this point, you should know that we are using the term "time step" interchangeably with steps in a sequence.
The state of such a neural network can be represented with hidden layer hth_t, as follows:
ht=f(ht1,xt;θ)h_{t} = f( h_{t-1}, x_{t}; \theta )
The neural network we just described, has recursion/recurrence in it. Let's start calling it an RNN. It can be compactly represented as a cyclic circuit diagram, where the input signal is processed with a delay. This cyclic circuit can be unfolded into a graph as follows:
Notice the repeated appliation of function 'f'.
Let gtg_t be the function that represents the unfolded graph after 'tt' time steps.
Now we can express the hidden state at time 'tt', two ways:
 - as a recurrence relation, as we have seen before: ht=f(ht1,xt;θ)h_t=f(h_t-1,x_t;\theta)
 - as an unfolded graph: ht=gt(xt,xt1,...x1)h_t=g_t(x_t,x_{t-1},...x_1)
Suriyadeepan Ram's Blog gives excellent examples of extending this to forward propagation through RNNs, Markov properties, converting vectors to sequences, Seq2Seq, bidirectional RNNs, and deep RNNs.
What determines the size of an unfolded graph?
'unfolding' is dependent on the length of the input sequence. To understand this, suppose you want to lay down the exact computations that are happening in an RNN, in that case, you have to 'unfold' your network and the size of your 'unfolded' graph would depend on the size of the input sequence. For more information refer to this page. It says that "By unrolling we simply mean that we write out the network for the complete sequence. For example, if the sequence we care about is a sentence of 5 words, the network would be unrolled into a 5-layer neural network, one layer for each word."
What are the advantages of an unfolded graph?
The unfolding process introduces two major advantages:
 1. Regardless of sequence length, learned model has same input size (because it is specified in terms of transition from one state to another state rather than specified in terms of a variable length history of states)
 2. Possible to use same function ff with same parameters at every step
What does the output of the hidden layer of a RNN at any arbitrary time t represent?
The output of the hidden layer at time tt (hth_t) represents the outputs of a function on the input xx at time tt and the ouput of the hidden layer from time t1t-1 (ht1h_{t-1})
Are the output of hidden layers of RNNs lossless? If not, why?
Like standard backpropagation, [backpropagation through time] consists of a repeated application of the chain rule. The subtlety is that, for recurrent networks, the loss function depends on the activation of the hidden layer not only through its influence on the output layer, but also through its influence on the hidden layer at the next timestep.
Supervised Sequence Labelling with Recurrent Neural Networks, 2008
RNNs are used for various tasks. From a RNNs point of view, what tasks are more demanding than others?
Compared to architectures like 1D Convolutional layers, looking back and looking ahead are tasks that are more demanding for RNNs (this may require constructing a Bi-directional RNN).
RNNs are limited in how far back they can remember information from. While LSTMs are an improvement, remembering information from more than 10,000 time steps back is extremely difficult. This is made more difficult if the time series data is extremely varied (and could subject the RNN to gradient instability earlier in training).
Another issue of RNNs is that they are not hardware friendly. It takes a lot of resources we do not have to train these network fast. Also it takes much resources to run these model in the cloud, and given that the demand for speech-to-text is growing rapidly, the cloud is not scalable.
RNNs and LSTM are difficult to train because they require memory-bandwidth-bound computation, which is the worst nightmare for hardware designer and ultimately limits the applicability of neural networks solutions. In short, LSTM require 4 linear layer (MLP layer) per cell to run at and for each sequence time-step. Linear layers require large amounts of memory bandwidth to be computed, in fact they cannot use many compute unit often because the system has not enough memory bandwidth to feed the computational units. And it is easy to add more computational units, but hard to add more memory bandwidth (note enough lines on a chip, long wires from processors to memory, etc). As a result, RNN/LSTM and variants are not a good match for hardware acceleration.
Discuss some examples of important design patterns of classical RNNs.
RNN Design Pattern Illustration Example
One-to-one (Tx=Ty=1T_x=T_y=1) Traditional neural network
One-to-many Tx=1,Ty>1T_x=1,T_y>1 Music generation
Many-to-one Tx>1,Ty=1T_x>1,T_y=1 Sentiment classification
Many-to-many Tx=TyT_x=T_y Name entity recognition
Many-to-many TxTyTx \neq Ty Machine translation
Write the equations for a classical RNN where hidden layer has recurrence. How would you define the loss in this case? What problems you might face while training it?
For each timestep tt, the activation aa^{< t >} and the output yy^{< t >} are expressed as follows:
a=g1(Waaa+Waxx+ba)andy=g2(Wyaa+by)\boxed{a^{< t >}=g_1(W_{aa}a^{< t-1 >}+W_{ax}x^{< t >}+b_a)}\quad \\ \text{and} \\ \quad \boxed{y^{< t >}=g_2(W_{ya}a^{< t >}+b_y)}
where Wax,Waa,Wya,ba,byW_{ax}, W_{aa}, W_{ya}, b_a, b_y are coefficients that are shared temporally and g1,g2g_1, g_2 activation functions.
the loss function L\mathcal{L} of all time steps is defined based on the loss at every time step as follows: L(y^,y)=t=1TyL(y^,y)\boxed{\mathcal{L}(\widehat{y},y)=\sum_{t=1}^{T_y}\mathcal{L}(\widehat{y}^{< t >},y^{< t >})}
One challenge of this loss is that it is difficult to capture long term dependencies because of multiplicative gradients that can be exponentially decreasing/increasing with respect to the number of layers
What is backpropagation through time?
Backpropagation is done at each point in time in the update process for an RNN. At timestep TT, the derivative of the loss LL with respect to weight matrix WW is


text:
Telecommunications in Greenland include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.
Greenland has, by law, only one service provider for telecommunications and the Internet, TELE Greenland, which is fully owned by the Greenlandic Home Rule government. TELE Greenland provides switched telephone and data, land mobile communications, and VHF and MF shore-to-ship communication. This type of monopoly is not uncommon in Greenland.
Television in Greenland began in the 1960s.
Privately owned transmitters were created to receive TV from Canada, Iceland, and Denmark. This can date as far back when television was introduced to Greenland in the 1960s. It was possible to receive TV from Canada with a normal household TV antenna, but color transmissions were NTSC and signals were in very bad quality and however in some circumstances, television transmissions were not available at all due to factors such as weather conditions or time of day, even for the people who owned private transmitters. Greenland did not have any local TV service until 1982.
The state broadcaster is Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa (KNR, Greenlandic Broadcasting Corporation), which provides one television and one radio service nationwide. Both broadcast in Greenlandic and Danish. Administered as an independent public corporation by the Greenlandic government, KNR has a seven-person board and management committee. They employ 100 people and are funded publicly and by advertising.
A few private local TV and radio stations are also available as Danish public radio rebroadcasts. An umbrella organization in Greenland, known as the STTK, operates local radio and TV stations throughout the country. There are also American Forces Network stations, operated by the United States Air Force.
Greenlanders owned an estimated 30,000 radios and 30,000 television sets, as of 2002.Calling code: +299
International call prefix: 00
Main lines: 18,900 lines in use, 188th in the world.
Mobile cellular: 59,455 lines, 200th in the world (2012).
There are no area codes in Greenland, and all telephone numbers have 6 digits.
There are adequate domestic and international telephone services, provided by cables and microwave radio relay. The system was totally digitized in 1995. The Greenland Connect submarine cable provides connectivity to Europe via Iceland and to North America via Newfoundland. TELE Greenland first used satellite communication in 1978 and currently uses 15 satellite earth stations (12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, and 2 Americom GE-2), all over the Atlantic Ocean.
Today, Greenland has more mobile phones than landlines.
As of 2007 there are 66.400 active GSM (2G) and UMTS (3G) subscriptions in use in Greenland. In 2007, all NMT (1G) networks were shut down. Nova was first to offer 4G.
Mobile coverage extends to nearly all inhabited areas in Greenland, but there are some remote areas that do not have mobile coverage.
In Greenland, VHF radio-telephone is also used. You are talking over a radio instead of a phone. Normally VHF phones are only used on ships, but in Greenland they can also used as regular phones. Greenland does not have telephone connection over the whole country, so sometimes it may be easier to use a VHF phone. In 2001, 42% of Greenlanders owned a portable VHF.Greenland has two Internet Service Providers (ISP): Tele Greenland (Tele Post Greenland A/S).
Greenland has one major data center: Tele Greenland Nuuk.
The country code for top-level domains is: .gl
There are 15,645 Internet hosts which places Greenland 123rd in the world (2012).
37,442 people or 64.9% of Greenland's population were able to use the Internet (2012).
There were 11,117 fixed broadband subscriptions placing Greenland 146th in the world with a 19.4% penetration rate ranking Greenland 50th in the world (2012).
There were 2,803 mobile broadband subscriptions placing Greenland 144th in the world with a 4.9% penetration rate for 111th ranking (2012).
Greenland has been allocated 16,384 IPv4 addresses, less than 0.05% of the world's total or 284 addresses per 1000 people (2012).
Internet and telephone services rely on the Greenland Connect submarine communications cables for external traffic.
As a territory of the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland has a democratically elected home-rule government whose powers may encompass all matters except foreign and national security affairs, police services, and monetary matters. Greenlanders have the same rights throughout the kingdom as other citizens.
The Danish government places no restrictions on access to the Internet and there are no credible reports that e-mail or Internet chat rooms are monitored without appropriate legal authority. Authorities continue to employ an Internet filter designed to block child pornography. In no known cases did the filter affect legitimate sites. The Danish Constitution provides for freedom of speech and press with some limitations such as cases involving child pornography, libel, blasphemy, hate speech, and racism, and the government generally respects these rights in practice.
In April 2013, the registrar for the .gl domain unilaterally voluntarily suspended resolution of thepiratebay.gl, intended to be a new primary Domain Name for the famous Bittorrent search engine The Pirate Bay. This caused transient inconvenience to some File Sharing Internet users.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) pays $18,000 for a three-month bed rest study. During the study, participants remain in a horizontal position for the majority of the day in order to simulate the effects of microgravity on the human body. The purpose of the study is to research the potential health risks of long-term spaceflight and to develop countermeasures to mitigate these risks.
The amount that NASA pays for bed rest studies varies depending on the specific study. However, in general, participants can expect to receive anywhere from $18,000 to $19,000 for their time and effort.
What is the NASA experiment in bed?
Bed rest studies are a type of research that involves people spending extended periods of time in bed. This can be done for a variety of reasons, but most often it is done in order to simulate the effects of weightlessness on the body. Volunteers in these studies typically spend up to 70 days in bed, with a six-degree head-down tilt. This means that they must eat, exercise, and even shower in the head-down position. While this may sound like a difficult and uncomfortable experience, it can actually be quite beneficial for those participating. Bed rest studies offer scientists valuable insight into how the body adapts to weightlessness, and can help to improve our understanding of human health and disease.
The Artificial Gravity Bed Rest Study (AGBRESA) is a joint initiative between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) that will pay participants $18,500 to lie in bed for two months. The study is designed to investigate the effects of artificial gravity on the human body, with the goal of understanding how it can be used to mitigate the health effects of long-term spaceflight. If you're interested in participating in this unique study, please contact NASA or the ESA for more information.
What do bed rest studies have to do with space travel
Bedrest studies are important for understanding how the human body adapts to weightlessness. They help researchers to develop techniques to counteract the negative effects of living in space. These studies can provide valuable information about how to keep astronauts healthy during long-term spaceflight.
We are looking for a professional with science, technology, engineering or math-related education and experience, who is willing to be confined and isolated for 8 to 12 months. This is a unique opportunity to be a part of a cutting-edge research project, and we are looking for someone who is excited about the possibility of making a significant contribution to our understanding of the universe.
Do astronauts sleep on mattress?
Sleeping vertically is a great way to save space in your sleeping area. However, it can be difficult to get used to sleeping in this position if you are accustomed to sleeping on a mattress on Earth. Your sleeping bag should have a rigid cushion to help you maintain good posture and prevent back pain. Although you may be allotted 85 hours for sleep every day, many astronauts report needing only 6 hours to feel fully rested.
The overarching goal of NASA's Earth Science program is to develop a scientific understanding of Earth as a system in order to ultimately improve our ability to live on this planet. The program focuses on studying Earth's atmosphere, land, and oceans in order to better understand how they all work together to create our planet's unique climate and weather patterns. With this knowledge, we can then begin to develop ways to mitigate the effects of climate change and other environmental threats.
Can you get paid for sleep studies?
If you're interested in participating in a sleep study, there are a few things you should know. First, numerous hospitals dedicate entire divisions to studying sleep, so you can be sure you'll be in good hands. Second, you can expect to be paid several thousand dollars for your participation. And finally, some studies require overnight stays in a sleep research facility, while others can take place during the day. So if you're looking for a way to earn some extra cash and help out with important scientific research, participating in a sleep study might be the perfect opportunity for you.
If you're selected to be a NASA sleep study participant, you can expect to earn $2,000 total, or $250 per hour, over the course of eight weeks. The company says that each review form will take approximately one hour to complete.
How much are NASA stipends
This is just an estimate, but it seems that interning at NASA pays quite well! $33 per hour is nothing to scoff at, and it's likely that the experience you gain would be invaluable. If you're considering interning at NASA, weigh the pros and cons carefully – it may be a once in a lifetime opportunity!
Space programs have led to a number of important inventions and discoveries that have had a significant impact on life on Earth. GPS, accurate weather prediction, solar cells, and the ultraviolet filters in sunglasses and cameras are just a few examples. Space-based research is also helping to advance medical science, with the potential to cure diseases and prolong human life. Experiments that can only be conducted in space are providing valuable insights that could not be gained on Earth.
How long do you have to study to go to space?
If you're interested in a career in space, becoming an astronaut is the most direct path. However, it's not an easy path to take. Aspiring astronauts need to have a master's degree, usually in a STEM field. You must also complete two years of training and pass the notoriously hard NASA physical. But if you're willing to put in the work, it can be an incredibly rewarding career.
There are other ways to work in space if you're not interested in becoming an astronaut. Scientists, engineers, and astronomers all play important roles in exploring and understanding our universe. So if you're passionate about space, there are many ways to turn that passion into a career.
Tempura is proud to be the only mattress and pillow brand recognised by NASA and certified by the Space Foundation. Our iconic TEMPUR® Material is born from NASA technology and provides unmatched support and comfort. In the late 1960s, NASA scientists invented a completely new material used onboard the Space Shuttles. This material has now been perfected by Tempura to provide the ultimate sleeping experience.
How hard is it to get accepted into NASA
There are a variety of jobs at NASA, from engineers to astronomers, and it can be difficult to get hired without the proper qualifications. While a degree from an accredited university is required for most positions, NASA also looks for candidates with experience in their field, whether it's through internships or previous jobs.
Each year, federal agencies receive funding from Congress, known as budgetary resources. In FY 2023, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) had $1486 billion distributed among its 1 sub-components. Agencies spend available budgetary resources by making financial promises called obligations.
Does NASA give scholarships?
The NASA Scholarship is a great opportunity for students interested in space and science. The scholarship provides funding for students to pursue their studies in these fields. The deadline to apply is April 30, 2023. For more information, please click the link below.
The Maximum Absorbency Garment, or MAG, is a type of space diaper worn by astronauts during liftoff, landings, spacewalks, and other activities where it is not possible to make it to a bathroom. The MAG is designed to absorb large amounts of liquid, making it an essential piece of gear for astronauts.
Nasa's bed rest study pays participants $18,000 for 70 days of lying in bed. While this may seem like a lot of money, it is important to remember that the participants in this study are essentially human guinea pigs. They are not paid for their time, but for their willingness to be a part of a study that will help further our understanding of human physiology.


Very very beautiful
Algebra Level 5
Consider the equation \[ (x+y)^2=(x+1)(y-1)\]
If all the possible real ordered pairs \((x,y)\) that satisfy the equation above are \((x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2),...,(x_n,y_n)\) then find the value of \(x^2_1+...+x^2_n+y^2_1+...+y^2_n\).
 - If you think there are infinite solutions then answer 777 and if you think no real solutions answer 666.
 - Ordered pair means (11,12),(12,11) are considered different.
This is a part of the set Beautiful..It is!!
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text:
A TEAM of Slovak archaeologists is leaving for its fourth expedition to Kuwait to continue research on acient settlements. The 20-member team, consisting of workers of the Archaeological Institute at the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV) in Nitra and experts from Kuwait and Turkey, will spend three months on Failaka Island in the Persian Gulf.
"We plan to complete the excavation of a natural harbour, the Al-Khidr site from the Bronze Age and go ahead with research at the pre-Islamic village of Al-Qusur in the middle of the island, which we located and documented during the previous two seasons," Karol Pieta, the head of the research from the Archaeological Institute of SAV in Nitra, told the SITA newswire.
The Kuwaiti Ministry of Culture appealed to the Slovak archaeologists four years ago to protect the monuments on Failaka from destruction by surging waves and to create an open-air museum. The island has more camels and scorpions than people, but should become a tourist paradise in the future.
The archaeologists' research has already produced some interesting results. During research at the Al-Khidr site, they found almost 40 precious Mesopotamian seals inscribed with cuneiform script and mythological scenes.
"They're from the era of the Dilmun civilisation, which existed between 2,400 and 1,400 BC," said Lucia Benediková, head of research at the site.
The archaeologists also uncovered the foundations of stone buildings, as well as fishing hooks, razors, knives, jewellry made of bones, a lot of pottery and Arabian medieval coins.
During research at the early Christian village Al-Qusur, which was inhabited from the sixth to eight centuries, archaeologists uncovered 140 households with well preserved basements.
Two kilos of amethysts and containers made out of colourful glass was a very precious find on the third expedition. These are the first findings of this kind in the area. In the middle there used to be a monastery with a church.
"Probably, this was a missionary village that spread Christianity eastwards, to Iran and India," Pieta said.
11. Feb 2008 at 0:00 | Compiled by Jana Liptáková from press reports


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After debugging a particularly tricky issue in VB.NET involving the order in which instance variables are initialized, I discovered that there is a breaking discrepancy between the behavior that I expected from C# and the actual behavior in VB.NET.
Nota bene: This question concerns a slight discrepancy in the behaviors of VB.NET and C#. If you're a language bigot that is unable to provide an answer other than "that's why you should use C#, noob", there is nothing for you to see here; kindly move along.
Specifically, I expected the behavior outlined by the C# Language Specification (emphasis added):
When an instance constructor has no constructor initializer, or it has a constructor initializer of the form base(...), that constructor implicitly performs the initializations specified by the variable-initializers of the instance fields declared in its class. This corresponds to a sequence of assignments that are executed immediately upon entry to the constructor and before the implicit invocation of the direct base class constructor. The variable initializers are executed in the textual order in which they appear in the class declaration.
Contrast that with the portion of the VB.NET Language Specification concerning Instance Constructors, which says (emphasis added):
When a constructor's first statement is of the form MyBase.New(...), the constructor implicitly performs the initializations specified by the variable initializers of the instance variables declared in the type. This corresponds to a sequence of assignments that are executed immediately after invoking the direct base type constructor. Such ordering ensures that all base instance variables are initialized by their variable initializers before any statements that have access to the instance are executed.
The discrepancy here is immediately obvious. C# initializes class-level variables before calling the base constructor. VB.NET does exactly the reverse, apparently preferring to call the base constructor before setting the values of instance fields.
If you want to see some code, this related question provides a more concrete example of the divergent behavior. Unfortunately, it does not provide any hints as to how one might coerce VB.NET into following the model established by C#.
I'm less interested in why the designers of the two languages chose such divergent approaches than I am in possible workarounds for the problem. Ultimately, my question is as follows: Is there any way that I can write or structure my code in VB.NET to force instance variables to be initialized before the base type's constructor is called, as is the standard behavior in C#?
share|improve this question
I don't believe it's possible to change this - and the VB compiler will fight against any attempts to do so. If you're relying on such behaviour, it's usually an indication of problems elsewhere in your code. There has been advice against calling virtual members within constructors for a long time (as in the sample code in the other question) – Damien_The_Unbeliever Jan 5 '11 at 9:45
_USER_: You're right about it being bad practice to call virtual members within constructors. Unfortunately, that decision wasn't mine to make. I'm subclassing a type provided by the Framework while also overriding one of its virtual methods. I am pretty sure that the problems lie outside of my code, and the only thing I can think of to fix this screams "ugly hack" to me. – Cody Gray Jan 5 '11 at 9:49
+1 interesting question. Also a good nota bene – MarkJ Jan 5 '11 at 12:34
see also stackoverflow.com/q/_PHONE_/185593 – serhio Sep 25 '12 at 15:09
2 Answers 2
up vote 8 down vote accepted
If you have virtual members that are going to be invoked during construction (against best advice, but we've already agreed on that), then you need to move your initialization into a separate method, that can protect itself against multiple calls (i.e. if init has already happened, return immediately). That method will then be invoked by the virtual members and your constructor, before they rely on initialization having occurred.
It's a bit messy, and may represent a minor performance penalty, but there's little else you can do in VB.
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Any well-written class must either ensure any virtual members which could possibly be invoked on a partially-constructed instance will behave sensibly. C# takes the philosophy that a class instance whose field initializers have run will be in a sufficiently-sensible state to allow virtual methods to be used. VB.net takes the philosophy that allowing field initializers to make use of a partially-constructed object (and--with a little work--any parameters passed to the constructor) is more useful than a guarantee that field initializers will run before any virtual methods are called.
IMHO, the right approach from a language-design standpoint would have been to provide a convenient means of indicating that specified field initializers should be run "early" or "late", since there are times each can be useful (though I prefer the "late" style, since it allows constructor parameters to be made available to field initializers). For example:
Class ParamPasserBase(Of T)'Generic class for passing one constructor parameter
 Protected ConstructorParam1 As T
 Sub New(Param As T)
 ConstructorParam1 = Param
 End SUb
End Class
Class MyThing
 Inherits ParamPasserBase(Of Integer)
 Dim MyArray(ConstructorParam1-1) As String
 Sub New(ArraySize As Integer)
 End Sub
End Class
In C#, there's no nice way to have field declarations or initializers make use of arguments passed to a constructor. In vb, it can be done reasonably cleanly as illustrated above. Note that in vb, it's also possible to use a by-reference constructor parameter to smuggle out a copy of the object under construction before any field initializers are run; if a class's Dispose routine is properly written to deal with partially-constructed objects, an object which throws in its constructor can be properly cleaned up.
share|improve this answer
I'm not sure I follow what you're trying to say here. I don't have the ability to redesign either language, and I'm not particularly arguing over the relative merit of the choices. Furthermore, where does RIAA() come from in your code sample? You say that one can do this now in VB.NET. I'm not familiar with the syntax. Is RIAA() a custom wrapper class that you've written? And how is that different from a using statement? Beyond that, what's the distinction between "older" VB.NET and "newer" VB.NET? One is type safe and the other isn't? What does destruction have to do with the question? – Cody Gray Feb 12 '11 at 4:22
_USER_ Gray: RIAA is a class method which registers an IDisposable for deterministic automatic cleanup (in the style of C++/RIAA) and then returns it. In vb.net, the field initializers run after the list of disposables is created, so the RIAA method can add them to that list. VB.Net also allows an object under construction to be smuggled out of the constructor, so the constructor can be wrapped in a factory method which will clean up any registered IDisposable objects if the constructor throws. – supercat Feb 12 '11 at 5:48
Can you give me a link to where this RIAA method is discussed? I can't find the documentation online. I'm also not sure what disposing items has to do with initializing instance variables before the base class constructor is called. My question is not even about objects, much less those that implement IDisposable. The test case was actually an Integer or Boolean type, both of which are value types and do not need to disposed. RIAA is as useless here as it is irrelevant. – Cody Gray Feb 12 '11 at 5:51
_USER_ Gray: Sorry I was unclear. RIAA is a method in some of my classes which achieves the stated functionality when used in conjunction with other code. My point was that vb.net allows one to declare, initialize, and clean up an field in a single line of code, rather than having to have one area of the source code for object declarations, another area for initialization, and a third area for cleanup. Keeping all three aspects of a field together seems cleaner and less error-prone than having them separate. – supercat Feb 12 '11 at 5:55
I still don't get it. First of all, how is a method you've implemented in your own programs going to help me here? Second, the rationale behind implementing such a method escapes me. You can wrap the object in a using statement, which has the additional benefit of limiting its scope. I don't have any problems with the syntax of the language; my issue is with the behavior described in the spec. And third, what does this have to do with value types that don't implement IDisposable? The question I linked to with some sample code isn't calling any constructors. RIAA won't do any good there. – Cody Gray Feb 12 '11 at 5:59
Your Answer


text:
Some people believe that cactus growth is not affected by bone meal. A cactus does not need light to grow; it will simply continue to do so regardless of whether you feed it bonemeal or not.
Cacti grow three blocks per tick, so be sure to give your plant a good amount of fertilizer each time you water.
How can I make my cactus grow faster?
There are a few things that you can do to help your cactus grow faster. One thing is to have a consistent watering schedule. Make sure to allow proper air exchange, and wash cacti with soft water.
Fertilize during the growth period, and allow cacti to go dormant during cold periods. Monitor plant's progress regularly for best results.
Does cactus grow faster on sand Minecraft?
Cactus do grow faster on sand Minecraft, but you will need to provide the right conditions and plenty of water. Podzol is a great medium for planting cacti as it helps retain moisture and provides good drainage.
Do you need water to grow cactus in Minecraft?
If you want to grow cactus in Minecraft, make sure to place it in sand and ensure that the surface is diagonal adjacent. It will also do well even in complete darkness, does not need water, and takes around eight hours for a full grown plant.
Why is my cactus growing so slow?
There are a few factors that can slow down cactus growth. Lack of water, low nutrient levels, poor soil quality, and temperature extremes can all lead to spindly plants.
To help your cactus thrive, make sure it has the right amount of moisture, nutrients, and shade.
Does cactus grow fast?
Cactus plants grow slowly, and most types of cacti reach a height of about 2-3 cm after 2 or 3 years from planting. After that point, growth is moderately slow at 1-3 cm per year.
Some cacti can grow up to 15 cm per year.
Can you bonemeal a cactus?
Cactus growth can be sped up with the addition of bone meal, but it is not necessary and will not help cacti grow faster in direct light. If you have space directly above a cactus, it will still grow even if the newly-grown block would immediately break due to adjacent blocks.
Do fences break cactus?
If you have a cactus in your yard, be prepared for the fence posts to break it. The posts are made of steel wire and plastic mesh and can support up to 220 lbs each.
You'll also need to purchase fence posts separately.
Can cactus grow indoors Minecraft?
If you're wondering if cactus can grow indoors in Minecraft, follow these simple steps. First, get a flower pot and place the cactus inside. Water it regularly and keep an eye on it to make sure its growth is good.
How do you make cactus green in Minecraft?
You can make cactus green in Minecraft by smelting cacti. You need cyan, lime, and green dyes to do this. Cyan dye is used for the leaves and stem of the cactus, lime dye is used for the flower part of the cactus, and finally green dye is used to create the color you see on a real cactus.
This process also creates wool which can be crafted into different colors. Finally, cactus green is used as the new color for all Cacti mobs in Minecraft.
How long does it take for a cactus to fully grow?
To grow a cactus, give it plenty of water and direct sunlight. Avoid touching or moving the cactus during its growth period.
How long does a cactus take to sprout?
Different cactus species take different amounts of time to germinate. Some may take as little as a few days while others can take up to three weeks. Once the seeds have sprouted, growth will depend on the specific type of cactus and the care it receives.
Waiting is often fun.
Why is my cactus growing so fast?
It's possible that your cactus is growing too fast due to over watering. Make sure you water your cactus regularly at the appropriate level, and avoid giving it too much water in one go.
Root rot and fungal overgrowth can also be a result of overwatering. Taking care of your cactus will ensure its health and growth.
How much water does a cactus need?
Be sure to check the soil moisture levels before watering a cactus. Water your cactus every one to two weeks during the growing season, and once every three to four weeks during the inactive season.
Make sure there is adequate drainage in the potting mix, water slowly so as not to overwater or drown your cactus, and monitor growth regularly.
How do I know if my cactus is growing?
If you're unsure if your cactus is growing, check for new spines, look at the roots, and observe the appearance of the plant. If it's strong enough to withstand a touch or gentle shake, it's probably growing.
Is blood meal good for cactus?
Blood meal is a good fertilizer for cacti. It's organic, so it's safe for succulents, and it contains nitrogen and other nutrients suitable for plant growth.
You may need to dilute the fertilizer before giving it to your plants.
What is the best thing to compost in Minecraft?
There are many things that you can compost in Minecraft. One of the best things to compost is potatoes. You can convert them into baked potatoes or increase your compost level by 85%.
Additionally, vegetables can also be turned into compostable material if they're chopped up small enough.
How many cactuses does it take to make bonemeal?
To make bonemeal, players need to have the necessary items. Cacti are used as a source of bonemeal and sand blocks are used for storage. Hoppers help with the transfer of materials between areas.
This bone meal farm requires patience and care.
How much cactus does it take to make bonemeal?
To make bonemeal, you'll need 1 cactus and 1 sand. First, collect 42 blocks of any kind. Next, build a fence around the area you want to harvest bonemeal from.
Finally, cut down the cactus with a sword or axe.
How does a cactus farm work?
A cactus farm is a great way to get your hands dirty and learn about the plants. The space above the cacti is block away, and then it breaks off so that new space can be created.
Cactus grow very quickly, so this type of farm can be pretty hectic.
How much XP do you get from smelting cactus?
To smelt cactus you will need a certain type of equipment and special dye. The amount of XP gained from this process is significantly higher than other types of ore, so it is definitely worth your time to try it out.
How much XP does smelting cactus give bedrock?
There is no disparity between the amount of XP that cactus and sea pickles provide when smelted. In both editions of the game, cactus provides 1.0 XP/unit while sea pickles provide 0.2 XP/unit.
If you were to lower the amount of smelting xp given for cactus to 0.2, it would place them at the same "tier" as sea pickles – which are also used to make dye
Cacti do not need light to grow, and they can even survive in dry climates. They get their water and nutrients from the air.
Different cacti grow at different rates, but on average a block of height will be added when a top cactus receives 16 random ticks. Rate at which cacti grow can vary widely.
Does cactus grow faster on sand Minecraft?
If you're looking to increase the growth of cacti on sand in Minecraft, adding a little red sand may do the trick.
If you enjoy exploring nature and want to get your hands on some cacti, mining them with your hand is an option. The speed at which you can mine a cactus block is unaffected by the tool used; it will uproote when it becomes unsuitable and drops as an item.
How do you farm cactus in Minecraft?
In Minecraft, you can farm cactus by getting sand blocks and planting the cactus.
If you have a cactus in your garden, you may be wondering whether or not bone meal will work to help it grow. Contrary to popular belief, this ingredient does not seem to do much for cacti – they need a different planting solution.
If you have enough space and the block breaks immediately after being born, then adding new bone meal can help the plant grow.
Can cactus become bonemeal Minecraft?
It is possible to turn cactus into bonemeal in Minecraft.
If you want to place a cactus block on another block, make sure the bottom of the stack has at least four horizontally adjacent blocks. Otherwise, the cactus will drop when it's broken.
How does cactus work in Minecraft?
Cacti work in Minecraft by growing in desert biomes.


Refugee Council of Australia
Colourful reports on shelf
Home > News > Homelessness and Hunger Among People Seeking Asylum During COVID-19
Homelessness and Hunger Among People Seeking Asylum During COVID-19
In August 2020, the Refugee Council of Australia surveyed charities, asylum support agencies and volunteer groups to understand better the situation that they and their clients are facing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are troubling: people seeking asylum have lost work, cannot find sufficient employment to support themselves, and excluded from the Federal Government's COVID-19 support systems like JobSeeker and JobKeeper, they are facing hunger and homelessness on a scale not previously seen in Australia.
In the few months since the survey, the lockdown restrictions have eased around the country; however, the situation for this group has not improved. Indeed, it has deteriorated further. We have heard of troubling accounts of people losing their homes as the eviction moratoria have lifted and medical providers have been treating young children in this group for malnourishment and related diseases. The health impact of the pandemic has not eased for people seeking asylum, and without urgent intervention, we fear it will worsen.
Finding work
People seeking asylum who lost work during COVID-19 have continued to search for employment: as one employer advised us, in October 2020, they advertised a part-time, 15-hours per week role that would suit many people from humanitarian backgrounds. Within three days, they had 400 applications. Agencies advised that between 55-60% of the people that they were assisting had lost their jobs as a result of the pandemic or had their hours so significantly reduced that they required financial assistance or access to a food bank.
Staying safe at home
Rent is the greatest single expense that people are facing. Of the agencies surveyed, the clients that they are supporting had weekly rents that averaged between $200-$350 per week. As people were let go from casual work (as employers could not access JobKeeper for employees who were people seeking asylum on temporary visas), they quickly used up any savings to pay their rent.
Over 88% of people seeking asylum asking for assistance from the service agencies and charitable groups had difficulty paying rent due to COVID-19
Of the thousands of people seeking asylum and accessing support from these groups, 56% are currently at risk of being evicted from their homes, and the groups estimate that 55% are at risk of homelessness (living on the streets). Over 14% are already currently experiencing homelessness (in a car, on the streets or in emergency accommodation).
Finding enough food and paying for water, electricity, and medication
The lack of access to any form of income during the pandemic has resulted in people not having money to purchase food. Over 70% of the charities' clients had to go without meals because of hardship and 75% had difficulty paying their utilities (water, heating, cooling, gas, electricity) because of hardship. The majority (60%) had to borrow money to cover rent, food costs, pay utilities, or to buy medication.
Support agencies and volunteer groups have outlined how deeply troubled they are:
"This group needs an income safety net, as NGOs can't sustain paying rents for the long-term. We are paying an extra $65,000/month on rentals and emergency relief since April and has increased to $80,000/month since October. Many people will be unable to get or return to work post COVID." ~Church-based group in Victoria
 "We've seen increases in hardship as the lockdowns have increased and as time has gone on where people have exhausted their Supersavings, and other supports. There are debts being accumulated, which are likely to result in substantial hardship and destitution for some time to come. This [data] does not account for people experiencing extreme hardship or at great risk who have been unable to access the centre or who are triaged as 'less in crisis'. We also have over 20 calls per day unanswered because of resource limitations. COVID seems to have reduced the options for people in obtaining employment or otherwise becoming independent." ~Asylum support agency
 "Clients have no safety net or opportunity to get on their feet upon arrival or after crisis. Clients' ineligibility for JobKeeper has caused a lot of distress, as they have paid tax and 'did the right thing' but still couldn't access JobKeeper like their [former] colleagues. People seeking asylum already struggled to enter the job market and are now up against even greater competition, with even more people and with more local experience and qualifications applying for the same jobs. ~ Non-for-profit service organisation in NSW
"People may come to us for one issue but do not want to raise the other issues they are facing so as not to appear 'greedy'. We are seeing people that have never accessed support before as they have been self-reliant and have had meaningful employment. We are observing increased mental health concerns. ~West Australian charity
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text:
The adoption of technology to find mineral deposits is essential if South Africa is to achieve its ambition of securing at least 5% of global exploration expenditure, according to the Minerals Council South Africa.
It said space-based technology and artificial intelligence were evolving into valuable tools for mining, after hosting a webinar on modernisation and technical innovation for junior mining companies last week.
"Far from being science-fiction, technologies are maturing rapidly into action-oriented business tools," Research Institute for Innovation and Sustainability (RIIS) modernisation programme director Davis Cook said in a joint statement.
"Not only is the cost of satellite data decreasing radically due to falling space-access costs, the resolution and availability of data is increasing.
"Further, new technologies are being developed that allow for completely new exploration processes, enabling significantly more accurate (and hence lower cost) exploration programmes."
By deploying technology and modern mining methods, the council said the cost and efficiencies of extracting ore bodies were improved, increasing the potential for the development of previously uneconomic deposits and new discoveries, creating jobs and wealth for South Africa.
The council said it was working with the Mandela Mining Precinct and RIIS to support the development and rollout of such technologies.
The country had been languishing "at the wrong end" of investment attractiveness indexes and the council said it was at the forefront of work to promote and reinvigorate what it described as South Africa's "moribund" exploration, emerging and junior mining sector.
It's been pushing for an improved licensing and permitting system, reliable infrastructure and incentives such as a flow-through share tax scheme to drive investment.


text:
The direct application of interpolation, smoothing or mean-value algorithms to complex valued frequency response data may cause interference patterns and, due to this, not yield the expected result. This paper demonstrates the effect of the use of continuous phase in a variety of example-applications, such as interpolation between two frequency response curves, complex smoothing with down-sampling using a logarithmic grid and forming mean values of a set of complex frequency response curves. The continuous phase-approach takes into account the multi-valued property of the exponential function of the phase term.
Click to purchase paper as a non-member or login as an AES member. If your company or school subscribes to the E-Library then switch to the institutional version. If you are not an AES member and would like to subscribe to the E-Library then Join the AES!
This paper costs $33 for non-members and is free for AES members and E-Library subscribers.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Dynafleet Fuel and Environment service makes it easy to monitor the performance of your trucks and the efficiency of your drivers. Create reports across a wide range of parameters in seconds – and discover why one driver uses more fuel than another. Fast and accurate, the service helps you identify potential savings that can boost your bottom line and reduce your environmental footprint.
The Fuel Efficiency Score lets you see the fuel performance of your drivers and their vehicles. Ranked from 0–100, the score shows driver performance across four key areas: speed adaptation, engine and gear utilisation, anticipating and braking, and standstill.
Fuel and Environment gives drivers the power to take control and modify their driving techniques while they're out on the road. Potentially, it can help them reduce their fuel consumption by up to 5%.


4
What is "period" in the context of pseudo-random number generators? For example when someone says "The Mersenne Twister has a 2^19337−1 period" what does it mean? I would appreciate a simple as possible explanation as possible.
What exactly is meant by "state" of a PRNG? On wikipedia I found "The sequence is not truly random in that it is completely determined by a relatively small set of initial values, called the PRNG's state, which includes a truly random seed."
4
 - Once the period exceeds ~2^60 bytes it becomes completely meaningless. Mar 31, 2014 at 11:32
 - An ordinary random number generator only needs to produce statistically well-distributed numbers, but that doesn't mean they have to be hard-to-predict. In cryptography, we need hard-to-predict numbers in order to generate hard-to-guess keys. Mar 31, 2014 at 12:46
 - @CodesInChaos what makes you say that?
 – Celeritas
 Mar 31, 2014 at 17:21
 - 1
 If you have a PRNG which outputs 4 GB of random data (already pretty fast) per second, it will take 10 years to output 2^60 bytes. At 2^70 you're clearly in "you won't wait for that" territory. Mar 31, 2014 at 17:24
2 Answers 2
6
As others have explained, the "period" measures the number of output bits (or "words", depending on terminology) after which the PRNG begins to repeat itself. For some PRNG this is relatively ill-defined. A PRNG is a deterministic algorithm with a state (the contents of its internal buffers and counters and variables). The sequence of subsequently emitted bits entirely depends on that state. If the PRNG uses a finite state (i.e. it fits in a fixed amount of RAM, without unbounded dynamic memory allocation) then it will mathematically begin repeat itself at some point, because there are only finitely many possible values for the complete state.
Not all PRNG are reversible. The PRNG is deterministic, meaning that from a given state value S, the next output bit and subsequent state S' can be unambiguously computed. A reversible PRNG is such that given state S, there is a unique previous state S'' for which S is the successor. LFSR are traditional reversible PRNG.
An example of non-reversible PRNG is the following hash-based PRNG:
 - We use a hash function h, with a n-bit output.
 - State S is a buffer of n bits.
 - To produce the next bit, we compute h(0||S) (hash of the concatenation of a bit of value 0, then S); the first bit of the output is the next bit; then we compute the new state S' = h(1||S).
Please note that this is just an example; I do not claim cryptographic security of that PRNG. Since there are only 2n possible values for S, we must necessarily encounter an already-seen state value after at most 2n+1 steps, so the "period" will be no more than 2n. However, the function which computes h(1||x) from x is not a permutation; it is expected to have collisions. This implies that when the PRNG "loops", it is rather improbable that it loops back to our initial state value. Instead, we expect (on average, depending on the hash function h) that such a PRNG will loop on a cycle of length about 2n/2; and we will reach that cycle after again an average 2n/2 steps. This implies that the first 2n/2 produced bits will (probably) not be repeated.
In that sense, the "period" does not measure all that is to be known about a PRNG. In fact, it is mostly impractical: in the hash-based example above, the "period" cannot be readily measured, and describes behaviour of the PRNG in conditions that will not actually be reachable in practice.
The important point here is that period is not a measure of security. Cryptographers do not care about the period. Period says anything about the security only in the special case that it is so short that it can be realistically explored. However, any period beyond 264 or so is "large enough" and becomes irrelevant.
In fact, if the description of a PRNG talks about the period, then it is a very definite indication that the PRNG was not designed or analysed by a cryptographer, and does not aim at cryptographic security (and usually won't provide it either). Indeed, the Mersenne Twister is meant for big physics simulation jobs, where there is no attacker to defeat except a mindless Nature. Cryptographers are more demanding, since they want to thwart an intelligent enemy who tries real hard to guess the next bits.
1
 - +1 for: 1. Such a great explaination 2. Clearing my concepts 3. "The important point here is that period is not a measure of security." :-) Mar 31, 2014 at 16:58
3
Every PRNG has an internal state which is used to compute the next output deterministically. The state is updated after each output. If the state has n bits after at least 2^n outputs the internal state must repeat which means that the PRNG produces the same sequence of outputs. Roughly speaking, the number of outputs until the internal state repeats is the period of a PRNG.
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Molecular Genetic Tools and Emerging Synthetic Biology Strategies to Increase Cellular Oil Content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Research paper by Fantao F Kong, Yasuyo Y Yamaoka, Takeshi T Ohama, Youngsook Y Lee, Yonghua Y Li-Beisson
Indexed on: 05 Feb '19Published on: 05 Feb '19Published in: Plant & cell physiology
Microalgae constitute a highly diverse group of eukaryotic and photosynthetic microorganisms that have developed extremely efficient systems for harvesting and transforming solar energy into energy-rich molecules such as lipids. Although microalgae are considered to be one of the most promising platforms for the sustainable production of liquid oil, the oil content of these organismis is naturally low, and algal oil production is currently not economically viable. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) is an established algal model due to its fast growth, high transformation efficiency, and well-understood physiology and to the availability of detailed genome information and versatile molecular tools for this organism. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of genetic manipulation tools for Chlamydomonas, from gene delivery methods to state-of-the-art genome-editing technologies and fluorescent dye-based high-throughput mutant screening approaches. Furthermore, we discuss practical strategies and toolkits that enhance transgene expression, such as choice of expression vector and background strain. We then provide examples of how advanced genetic tools have been used to increase oil content in Chlamydomonas. Collectively, the current literature indicates that microalgal oil content can be increased by overexpressing key enzymes that catalyze lipid biosynthesis, blocking lipid degradation, silencing metabolic pathways that compete with lipid biosynthesis, and modulating redox state. The tools and knowledge generated through metabolic engineering studies should pave the way for developing a synthetic biological approach to enhance lipid productivity in microalgae.
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text: This part of IEC 60893 belongs to a series which deals with industrial rigid laminated sheets based on thermosetting resins for electrical purposes. This series comprises 4 parts: - Part 1: Definitions, designations and general requirements (IEC 60893-1) - Part 2: Methods of test (IEC 60893-2) - Part 3: Specifications for individual materials (IEC 60893-3) - Part 4: Technical Report - Typical values (IEC 60893-4) This standard contains one of the parts which form Part 3. Part 7: Requirements for rigid laminated sheets based on polyimide resins This part of IEC 60893 contains the requirements for industrial rigid laminated sheets for electrical purposes based on polyimide resins and different reinforcements. Special applications and distinguishing properties are given in Table 1. This amendment introduces reworked limits for various property requirements for all types of industrial rigid laminated sheets for electrical purposes based on thermosetting resins for electrical purposes. These new limits are based on knowledge which has been gained in International Evaluations. Materials which conform to this standard meet established levels of performance. However, the selection of a material by a user for a specific application should be based on the actual requirements necessary for adequate performance in that application and not based on this standard alone. At DIN and VDE the responsible Committee is K 181 "Feste elektrische Isolierstoffe" (AK 181.0.6 "Schichtpressstoffe") ("Solid electrical insulating materials" (AK 181.0.6 "Laminates")) of the DKE (German Commission for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies).


text:
PUBLICATION HIGHLIGHT: Snow-level estimates using operational polarimetric weather radar measurements
MARCH 28, 2017—In 2012, the National Weather Service upgraded its network of operational weather radars, which now also measure new radar variables that are useful for identifying melting layer—the region in the atmosphere where snow melts into rain. This melting layer region usually extends from several kilometers to several dozens of kilometers as seen along nearly horizontal operational radar beams. A new study in the April issue of the Journal of Hydrometeorology suggests an approach for using operational radar measurements to infer the vertical level (i.e., snow-level) in the atmosphere above/below which precipitation falls mostly as snow or rain. Researchers from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and ESRL's Physical Sciences Division compared the operational radar estimates of the snow-level, near the Oroville dam in California with results from a dedicated vertically-pointing NOAA Snow-Level Radar and found them to be in good agreement—typically within 160 m.
Snow-level information is important for weather forecasting. It helps to predict whether a precipitation event is likely to produce mostly rain in a watershed, which may lead to flash flooding, or if the precipitation will mostly fall as snow and may not have an immediate effect on streamflow. Operational weather radar measurements can provide reliable estimates of snow-level heights in the vicinity of these radar locations. It can greatly expand the area from where snow-level information is currently available since there are about 160 operational weather radars in the lower 48 states (there are only about 10 dedicated snow-level radars).


11.5. Indexes on Expressions
This query can use an index, if one has been defined on the result of the lower(col1) operation:
CREATE INDEX test1_lower_col1_idx ON test1 (lower(col1));
As another example, if one often does queries like this:
then it might be worth creating an index like this:
The syntax of the CREATE INDEX command normally requires writing parentheses around index expressions, as shown in the second example. The parentheses may be omitted when the expression is just a function call, as in the first example.
Index expressions are relatively expensive to maintain, since the derived expression(s) must be computed for each row upon insertion or whenever it is updated. Therefore they should be used only when queries that can use the index are very frequent.
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text:
Neilly Group Engineering were engaged by Reef Catchments to develop an options assessment for remediation measures to address stream bank erosion in Cherry Tree Creek, located 52km South of Mackay.
The assessment identified the areas of erosion and sedimentation by undertaking a comparison of survey data collected in 2009 to survey data collected in 2018. It was determined that Cherry Tree Creek had undergone significant bank erosion over this period. 2D flood modelling was also undertaken to provide an understanding of the hydraulic conditions of Cherry Tree Creek and to identify hot spots that will be prone to future erosion. The accompanying figures show the survey comparison as well as velocity mapping produced from the 2D flood modelling.
It was identified that the best solution would be a combination of bank battering and rock armouring of the toe of bank to prevent further erosion of at risk areas.


Catfish's got no tongue? Well, it doesn't need it to swallow
By Noah Bressman
When I am fishing for jumbo catfish with jumbo baits like an entire shad or bluegill and I see that I am getting bites, I never set the hook right away. That is because when catfish transport and swallow their food, it does not happen in an instant. I wait to make sure that the fish has completely engulfed my bait to avoid pulling the bait right out of its mouth. Without the ability to take bites or properly chew, they have to swallow big prey whole, which takes time. This is surprisingly complicated, especially without a muscular tongue to help move food around.
Channel Catfish. Copyright: _URL_
After we chew our food, we rely on peristalsis (involuntary muscle contractions in the throat) to move the chewed food down our esophagus. However, if you try to swallow food whole without chewing first, peristalsis will not be enough to move that food down and you will probably choke. Fish, on the other hand, do not (usually) choke from that, but scientists still do not know how they do it. However, a team of scientists led by Hannah Weller from Brown University may have found some answers. In a new paper in Integrative Organismal Biology, they detail how channel catfish can swallow their prey whole without a tongue.
Normally, it is very difficult to see how fish swallow because it happens on the inside of live fish. Weller and her team used a technique called XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) that allows them to visualize the inner workings of fish movements. XROMM involves x-ray videos with markers implanted in the bones. These videos are then synced with CT scans of the catfish using the markers, creating animations of the skull in motion. Other than making cool moving skeleton videos, this technique allows scientists to see precisely how skeletons move during complex behaviors. By having a marker in their food, Weller was able to visualize how food travels through the digestive tract as catfish process and swallow their food.
X-ray video (side view) of a catfish feeding and swallowing. Without the paired CT images, you can see the food moving through the catfish heads and a lot of bones moving, but it is hard to figure out exactly what is happening with so much going on. From Weller et al., 2020.
To feed, catfish suck their food and some surrounding water into their mouth at high speeds, and the food then stops around the gills. Using XROMM, Weller and her team described how food then moves toward the esophagus in a slower, subtler, more intricate manner. This is likely driven by movements of the branchial basket, a structure that includes the gill arches and pharyngeal jaws, which are a second set of jaws found in the throats of most fish. Meanwhile on the outside, the fish appear to move very little. Once the food reaches the esophagus, the fish then use a complex combination of mouth opening and closing, body muscle contractions, pharyngeal jaw movement, hyoid depression, and a few other moving parts to transport food to their stomachs.
XROMM video of a catfish eating and swallowing a piece of food (green sphere). By pairing CT images with x-ray videos, you can clearly see how food moves down the digestive tract and the bone movements that make it possible, without the background distractions. Top panel is a side view, bottom panel is a bottom view. From Weller et al., 2020.
This is the first description of the anything other than peristalsis aiding the movement of food down the esophagus of a vertebrate. Previously, all vertebrates were thought to only use peristalsis to for this task, be it a frog, bird, turtle, or Russian dwarf hamster. This may only be possible because of the highly mobile fish skull, which allows fish to move their heads in more ways than we can. Weller and her team have some ideas about exactly how head and body movements aid in swallowing, such as by swallowing water, pectoral fin movements, or heavy breathing, but more research is still needed to figure out the exact mechanism.
Next time you are fishing for big fish with big baits, just remember these videos, so you know just how long to wait for a catfish to move your bait completely into its mouth before setting the hook.
Dr. Noah Bressman is a Postdoctoral Fellow at Chapman University, studying fish biology, biomechanics, biomaterials and behavior. You can find more at _URL_ or @NoahwithFish, or contact him at _EMAIL_.
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text:
How Endla's visualization software delivers value
Deep Insight Platform
Deep Insight is our Digital Twin and Auto-Design platform on which we build solutions to your problems.
Custom analytics, visuals and automation can be built by your own engineers or our team on top of the platform.
Deep Insight already has rich interactive visuals supporting surface and subsurface teams. It is secure (SOC 2 Type 2 certification), cloud first, and integrates with your organizations's single sign-on (SSO).
Deep Insight is the perfect location to build your custom solution.
Auto-Design & Optimization
Automating, optimizing and creating auto-design workflows for repeated processes is a key part of our mission. Implement an existing module on Deep Insight or work with us to build a new one to solve your specific problem.
- Do more with less
- Accelerate cost saving initiatives
- Optimize design & operation
- Identify & assess more uplift opportunities
- Shorten feedback loops
- Free Engineers from lower value tasks to tackle higher value problems
- Reduce admin tasks
- Focus on core competencies not software development
Integrated Asset Optimization Platform
Using its core design optimization algorithms and step change in performance from cloud compute Endla can help optimize field wide configuration of assets.
Combining physics based simulation with machine learning techniques
Optimally designing and operating complex systems requires digital models to explore and understand the solution space. The nodal nature of oil & gas developments results in a problem with huge number of configuration options.
We develop purpose specific modelling solutions utilising existing physics based simulation engines, machine learning and cloud computing to enable field wide optimization.
There are many opportunities for operators to apply this for significant cost savings and production uplift, such as:
- well draw down pressure
- predicting bottom hole flowing pressure from production data
- automatic calculation of well properties (e.g. skin) from production and shut-in events
- location of compression (well head, nodal and hub level)
- acceleration of draw down versus infill drilling
Endla identified an opportunity for the optimization of completion design in coal seam gas through an implementation of its software AlphaSpace.
AlphaSpace is already being used by major operators in Australia to improve performance of new wells.
- Factory like well operation
- Multiple target zones defined by heterogenous lithology in reservoir
- Grouping lithology and designing completion efficiently to balance multiple competing objectives is challenging
- Implementation Endla's auto-design software called AlphaSpace
- Automatically generates the optimal completion design given the operators understanding of factors driving well performance, lithology and available inventory
Results and Benefit
- Reduced installation cost
- Increased mean time between workover
- Improved capture of production coals


5.20202.724
wijmo.grid.detail Class FlexGridDetailProvider Wijmo API Class
FlexGridDetailProvider Class
Implements detail rows for FlexGrid controls.
To add detail rows to a FlexGrid control, create an instance of a FlexGridDetailProvider and set the createDetailCell property to a function that creates elements to be displayed in the detail cells.
For example:
import { FlexGrid } from '@grapecity/wijmo.grid';
import { FlexGridDetailProvider } from '@grapecity/wijmo.grid.detail';
// create FlexGrid to show categories
let gridCat = new FlexGrid('#gridCat', {
 itemsSource: getCategories();
});
// add detail rows showing products in each category
let detailProvider = new FlexGridDetailProvider(gridCat, {
 createDetailCell: (row) => {
 let cell = document.createElement('div');
 new FlexGrid(cell, {
 itemsSource: getProducts(row.dataItem.CategoryID)
 });
 return cell;
 }
});
The FlexGridDetailProvider provides a detailVisibilityMode property that determines when the detail rows should be displayed. The default value for this property is ExpandSingle, which adds collapse/expand icons to the row headers.
The example below shows how you can use a FlexGridDetailProvider to add different types of detail to the rows in a FlexGrid:
Example
Heirarchy
Constructors
constructor
Properties
createDetailCell
createDetailCell: ICreateDetailCell
Gets or sets the callback function that creates detail cells.
The callback function takes a Row as a parameter and returns an HTML element representing the row details. For example:
// create detail cells for a given row
dp.createDetailCell = (row) => {
 let cell = document.createElement('div');
 new FlexGrid(cell, {
 itemsSource: getProducts(row.dataItem.CategoryID),
 headersVisibility: 'Column'
 });
 return cell;
};
detailVisibilityMode
detailVisibilityMode: DetailVisibilityMode
Gets or sets a value that determines when row details are displayed.
The default value for this property is DetailVisibilityMode.ExpandSingle.
disposeDetailCell
disposeDetailCell: IDisposeDetailCell
Gets or sets the callback function that disposes of detail cells.
The callback function takes a Row as a parameter and disposes of any resources associated with the detail cell.
This function is optional. Use it in cases where the createDetailCell function allocates resources that are not automatically garbage-collected.
grid
grid: FlexGrid
Gets the FlexGrid that owns this FlexGridDetailProvider.
isAnimated
isAnimated: boolean
Gets or sets a value that indicates whether to use animation when showing row details.
The default value for this property is false.
keyActionEnter
keyActionEnter: KeyAction
Gets or sets the action to perform when the ENTER key is pressed.
The default setting for this property is KeyAction.None, which lets the grid handle the key. The other option is KeyAction.ToggleDetail, which handles the Enter key to toggle the display of the row details.
maxHeight
maxHeight: number
Gets or sets the maximum height of the detail rows, in pixels.
The default value for this property is null, which means there's no upper limit to the detail row height.
rowHasDetail
rowHasDetail: IRowHasDetail
Gets or sets the callback function that determines whether a row has details.
The callback function takes a Row as a parameter and returns a boolean value that indicates whether the row has details. For example:
// remove details from items with odd CategoryID
dp.rowHasDetail = (row) => {
 return row.dataItem.CategoryID % 2 == 0;
};
Setting this property to null means all regular data rows (not group rows or new item templates) have details.
Methods
getDetailRow
 - Gets the detail row associated with a given grid row.
 Parameters
 - row: any
 Row or index of the row to investigate.
 Returns DetailRow
hideDetail
 - hideDetail(row?: Row | number): void
 - Hides the detail row for a given row.
 Parameters
 - Optional row: Row | number
 Row or index of the row that will have its details hidden. This parameter is optional. If not provided, all detail rows are hidden.
 Returns void
isDetailAvailable
 - isDetailAvailable(row: any): boolean
 - Gets a value that determines if a row has details to show.
 Parameters
 - row: any
 Row or index of the row to investigate.
 Returns boolean
isDetailVisible
 - isDetailVisible(row: any): boolean
 - Gets a value that determines if a row's details are visible.
 Parameters
 - row: any
 Row or index of the row to investigate.
 Returns boolean
showDetail
 - showDetail(row: Row | number, hideOthers?: boolean): void
 - Shows the detail row for a given row.
 Parameters
 - row: Row | number
 Row or index of the row that will have its details shown.
 - Optional hideOthers: boolean
 Whether to hide details for all other rows.
 Returns void


Jambolan Information | Evidenced-Based Supplement Guide on MedicineNet.com - How does Jambolan work?
How does Jambolan work?
Jambolan seed and bark contains chemicals that might lower blood sugar, but extracts from jambolan leaf and fruit don't seem to affect blood sugar. Jambolan also contains chemicals that might have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Are there safety concerns?
Jambolan is possibly safe for most people, but the potential side effects are not known.
Do not use jambolan if:
 - You are pregnant or breast-feeding.
 - You are scheduled for surgery in the next two weeks.
Therapeutic Research Faculty copyright
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration


Livestock market in al-Haddadiyah town in al-Hasakah (North Press Agency)
Qamishli – Majd al-Salem
In commemoration of Eid al-Adha, sheep selling markets in al-Hasakah governorate have witnessed an improvement in the selling and purchasing activity, as demand for livestock, mainly sheep and cows, have risen allowing stock breeders to compensate the losses of past months.
The price hike of livestock and the deterioration of economic conditions throughout Syria have prevented many people from fulfilling this religious ritual. Still, some people were able to find ways to sacrifice an animal marking the Eid al-Adha feast.
Forty-four-year-old Khaled Mohammed, a merchant and cattle farmer from the Qamishli countryside, told Enab Baladi that the selling activity of livestock has been low in the last two months because of drought, which led to scarcity of pastures and a significant rise in fodder prices.
This, in turn, has caused livestock prices to drop, with stockbreeding becoming a very demanding and challenging job. A single sheep price has fallen to nearly 250,000 Syrian pounds (SYP = 76 USD) before rising again in recent days.
Nowadays, the cost of one sheep ranges between 300,000 and 400,000 SYP (91 and 122 USD), while the price of a ram (a male sheep) is between 400,000 and 600,000 SYP (122 and 183 USD), Mohammed said.
Amer al-Hussein, aged 38, from al-Qahtaniyah countryside, told Enab Baladi that the recent livestock price increase did not compensate breeders for their previous losses. Livestock farmers paid high costs to tend to their cattle and sold them at low prices amounting to 150,000 (SYP = 45 USD) during the past month.
A far-fetched desire
Livestock price rise has denied Qamishli residents from orchestrating Eid al-Adha's sacrifice tradition.
Thirty-one-year-old Abdul Salam Mohammed said to Enab Baladi that he could not afford to sacrifice an animal in his late father's name, who passed away recently, nor could he distribute meat to the poor because of dire economic conditions and lack of financial resources.
Abdul Salam was saddened by the matter, but he hoped to perform the sacrifice ritual in the coming years, just like many other people he knows to have faced the same financial hardship.
Other people were luckier than Abdul Salam and managed to get an animal to sacrifice in Eid al-Adha, including Hassan al-Abousi from Qamishli. He received a ram from one of his father's friends and decided to sacrifice it in the name of his late father, who died not long ago.
Al-Abousi told Enab Baladi that he bred the ram and fed it well, then he had it slaughtered and distributed its meat among the poor, adding that if it were not for his father's friend's gift, he would not have been able to sacrifice this Eid.
Amer al-Hajji, an Islamic Studies teacher at one of Qamishli schools, who oversaw the distribution of meat of numerous sacrificed livestock to needy families over the past years, said that poor families eagerly wait for Eid al-Adha to get their share of meat.
Al-Hajji added that an abundance in sacrifices means that there will be lots of meat distributed, increasing poor families' chances of receiving meat from more than one source.
He added that the ongoing worsening economy would deprive many needy families of having meat in their meals. Meat is sold at high prices at butcher shops, with one kilo sold at 20,000 (SYP = 6 USD), while the price of one kilo of chicken is 5,500 (SYP = 1.6 USD).
Alternative solutions to afford sacrifice ritual's cost
Some people in al-Hasakah governorate buy young sheep aged less than six months at prices lower than that of full-grown ones. They tend and fatten them until they are sacrificed.
Some households with family members as refugees in neighboring countries or in Europe receive remittances to buy animal sacrifices. The depreciation of the Syrian pound against the US dollar and the Euro has benefited them, with 1 USD equalizing 3,180 SYP and 1 Euro exchanged at the rate of 3,747 SYP, according to the Syria Pound Today website.
Money transfer and exchange companies' businesses flourish during the days leading up to Eid al-Adha, with many Syrians abroad sending their relatives remittances to help cover Eid's expenses.
Al-Hasakah is famous for exporting livestock to other governorates or neighboring countries, mainly Iraq. On 7 June, the local Deir Ezzor-based Furat newspaper reported that the number of livestock in al-Hasakah is approximately 1,400,000 sheep and 72,000 cows.
Still, many livestock breeders complain about the lack of support they receive, particularly in terms of fodder and affordable veterinary vaccines and medicines, which made the cattle market, on which many people in al-Hasakah rely, characterized by volatile prices.
النسخة العربية من المقال
Related Articles
 1. Eid al-Adha is approaching… Syrian people cannot afford to buy sacrificial animals
 2. Livestock breeders struggle with high fodder prices in al-Hasakah
 3. Displacement Revives Eid al-Fitr in As-Suwayda
 4. High costs of fodder damaging sheep trade in Syria's Raqqa
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Sunday, February 12, 2012
Four Simple Ways to Spice Up Your Teaching Space, Part 4 - Audience Plants
Just to put you at ease, this is not a post about filling your Children's Ministry with ferns. No, I'm talking about planting storytellers, actors or other programming volunteers in the audience with your kids.
For the past several posts we've talked about ways you can shake things up during your teaching times by making creative use of your space. We've already looked at teaching stations, runways and teaching in the round as ways to reconfigure a traditional audience/stage room set up. If you have a more traditional Sunday School table and chairs set up, check out this post on how you can create some basic storytelling space.
Standard Set Up
Unlike the other options we've covered, audience plants give you the same outside the box storytelling effect without having to change anything about your room set up.
Audience Plants
Here's how it works. Let's say you're teaching a story and you want to use a few actors to act out the story as you narrate it. Put them in the crowd, sitting with kids as if they are ordinary leaders. When you get to their part in the story, they just deliver their first line right where they. It will blow your kids' minds because it's totally unexpected.
One weekend I was telling the story of the Elijah and the poor widow. I told the story quickly in a very straightforward way the first time through. Then, much to the kids' suprise, one of their leaders (an actress I planted in the crowd), said, "Wait, I don't get it."
Then as I began to dialogue with her, another leader (a second actor planted in the crowd) spoke up, "Yeah, me neither. That doesn't make sense."
Finally a third leader (my last plant) chimed in, "I'm with those guys. I don't get it either."
So from there I brought the three actors up on stage and had them act out the story as I told it under the pretense that I was helping each of them get it.
By planting the actors in the audience, we were able to capture the kids' attention from the very beginning using a technique they never saw coming.
Obviously I had rehearsed several times with these actors ahead of time so that what at first appeared to be random ended up being an incredible storytelling experience.
You can also use audience plants in simpler ways. How about sprinkling the crowd with a few well-rehearsed middle school actors who would pop up to recite some key Scriptures at the right time. Imagine if you're teaching on the I Cor 13 love passage and instead of reading it straight from Bible, three student actors stood on cue and each recited a line from the passage.
The bottom line is that the options for using plants is limitless: actors, fellow storytellers, even singers if you want. How awesome would that be to end a lesson and someone in the audience breaks out into a song that perfectly wraps up what you just taught?
As with anything else, audience plants take a lot of rehearsal and are no substitute for solid, simple storytelling. They can, however, enhance a lesson that's already great. If you're already using multiple people in your program, consider starting one off in the audience and seeing what happens.
What are some stories or Bible passages that you could get creative with using audience plants?
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Groups of SYNC type allow you to apply the same effect to two or more strings simultaneously. (ex: two 250 LED strings placed on two columns of a porch). The applied effects will be synchronized and visually identical even if the two strings are arranged differently. The app will handle the mapping of each of the two strings separately.
 1. Access the "Devices" menu.
 2. Make sure they are all on, marked with the Green status icon.
 3. Recommended: perform the mapping of each individual device PRIOR to include it into the SYNC group
 4. Select all the devices you want to add to the group.
 5. Give your group a name
 6. The group will appear in the device list
Here you can find an useful tutorial:
Previous Scene Group Step by Step Procedure
Next Tips for a perfect mapping


[jdom-interest] empty xmlns
Elliotte Rusty Harold elharo at metalab.unc.edu
Fri Jan 9 06:08:59 PST 2004
At 9:59 AM +0000 1/9/04, wrote:
>When I create MyFavourite with the Element constructor, I am not
>adding a Namespace or any type of attribute so why is it there?
That's exactly why it's there. You created an element that is in no
namespace. Because the parent element is in a namespace, the
serializer must add xmlns="" to the child element to prevent it from
inheriting the default namespace of its parent. If you don't want the
child to be in a namespace, this is correct. If you do want the child
element to be in a namespace, you need to specify this namespace URI
in the Element constructor.
 Elliotte Rusty Harold
 elharo at metalab.unc.edu
 Effective XML (Addison-Wesley, 2003)
More information about the jdom-interest mailing list


Should You Allow Dogs In The Office? (Pros & Cons Of Bringing Dogs To Work)
Daniel Spielberger
As the old saying goes, "A dog is a man's best friend." In workplaces across the United States, employees are spending their days along their colleagues' fury, four-legged creatures.
Though a dog-friendly workplace is still relatively rare, it's gaining momentum and it's clearly no longer an outlandish idea. From the years 2013 to 2018, there was a 3% increase of offices which allowed owners to their dogs to work going from 5% to 8%.
Before you tell your coworkers that it's okay to bring their dogs to work, we highly recommend reviewing both the pros and cons of having dogs in the office.
Benefits of Having Dogs In The Office
There are numerous reasons why letting your colleagues to bring dogs to the workplace is a fantastic idea. Here are a few pros:
1. Great For Employee Morale
Studies have shown that dogs can help alleviate stress, anxiety, depression, and isolation. Even if a colleague loves their job, everyone is bound to have a tough day. And when they get stressed or anxious, the office dog could potentially help.
2. Fantastic for One-On-One Meetings
Are you tired of always grabbing coffee or lunch for a one-on-one meeting? Having an office dog will spice things up. Dogs need to be walked at least once or twice a day. You and your colleague can walk the dog around the block and get some exercise while discussing important matters.
3. Encourage Workplace Bonding
If multiple employees bring their pets to work, this could foster some friendships because it serves as an icebreaker. They could go on outings together to dog parks and dress their pets in matching outfits during special holidays. Though it may take some time for the dogs to get used to one another, there's nothing cuter than dogs becoming best friends.
4. Employees Can Get Some Exercise
Going for a walk has been shown to improve one's mood and overall physical health. When the dog-owner is occupied, they can assign the task of walking their pet to one of their colleagues. Feeling anxious before that big meeting? Go walk the dog!
5. Helps Employees That Can't Afford Sitters
For employees that can't bring their dogs to work, there are a ton of options ranging from daycares to dog-walking apps. However, not everyone can afford them. A CostHelper analysis concluded that dog daycares costs anywhere from $240 to $550 per month.
Drawbacks Of Having Dogs In The Office
Even though some employees might be happy to have their dogs come to work with them, there are some drawbacks you should consider:
1. Poop Happens
A healthy dog will urinate at least once every 8 to 12 hours and poop once a day. But this could be more depending on the canine's diet. If you allow dogs at work, you will have to accept that there could be a time in which a pet will go to the bathroom in a common space and cause an inconvenience.
2. It Can Get Pretty Distracting
Especially compared to other pets, dogs can require a lot of attention. Anyone with a dog could tell you that when they don't get enough of it, they can act out and cause a ruckus. Your colleague won't have the time to constantly be attending to their dog's needs —they will have meetings, projects, and general tasks. That means that some of your colleagues may have to pick up the slack. Is your entire workplace willing to do this?
3. Potential Property Damage
Bringing a dog to a brand new environment comes with its own set of risks. According to the American Kennel Club, anxious dogs can engage in "destructive behavior." And within the context of your workplace, that could very well mean property damage that's costly and inconvenient.
4. Allergies
A study conducted for the Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Research journal, found that 12% of Americans have some form of an allergy to dogs. While this is a minority of people, having a dog at work can be a significant inconvenience for them that will take away from their productivity and workplace happiness. Even if none of your current colleagues are allergic, having a dog-friendly workplace could potentially scare off people considering working for your company.
Tips For Having Dogs In the Workplace
If your workplace decides to allow dogs, you should have rules in place to ensure that they don't take away from workplace happiness. Here are a few tips:
1. It's Ultimately The Owner's Responsibility
Whether it's cleaning up poop or making sure that their dog isn't frantically hungry, a pet's owner should be the one who is responsible. Before a colleague decides to bring their dog to work, communicate that to them.
2. Cut Down on Playtime If It's Distracting
There will be days when everyone is in the mood to watch a dog play, jump, and perform tricks. But there will surely be moments when people just want to work in silence. When a dog's playtime becomes distracting, talk to the dog-owner and ask if they can play with their dog outside.
3. Socializing Dogs Might Take A While
There's a good chance that if you allow for one dog, another employee might get the same idea. However, there are some risks to having multiple dogs at the office. Some canines are overly aggressive to other dogs and within the context of your office, this could lead to conflicts and distractions. If you allow for more than one dog, make sure that both of your colleagues read up on how to socialize their pets.
Do What's Right For Your Office
Allowing dogs at work isn't something that should be taken lightly. Just because it's trendy doesn't mean it's necessarily right for your office. What could be a perk for some companies could actually bring a stress for others. Ultimately, it will be a decision that you will have to decide together as a community.
One approach that many companies have taken is to designate specific days where dogs are allowed to be brought to the office. This way, any employees that prefer not to be around dogs can plan to work remotely on those days.
Are you interested in making your workplace more efficient? Check out what Eden's Workplace Management Platform can do for your office.
Learn more from an Eden Workplace team member today.
Try Eden Workplace


text:
Why use paper and crayons when you can draw on windows with markers?
My husband invited us to visit him during a class he's teaching on the intersection of design and improvisation (oh how I wish I had time to take this class!). He brought N a dry erase marker to keep her occupied. Can you find little sister up there?
He led her to the large sliding doors, and suggested that she could draw on them. Lucky kid!
She loved it…
And rose to the challenge. (Haha. I couldn't resist!)
A couple days later, just before breakfast, we found N sitting on our dining room table, drawing on the windows. Gasp! It was all good once we replaced the magic marker with a dry erase marker. Thankfully no Sharpies were involved!
Thinking about her next drawing move.
Idea in mind, she was back to the window.
Sitting back to inspect and appreciate the handiwork.
This activity is great for pushing the envelope of material possibilities. All you need are a dry erase marker and a good-sized window. Dry erase markers can stain porous surfaces, so be sure to give clear instructions about where the markers can be used. Windows can be wiped clean with a soft rag or cloth.
For more on white board drawing, visit this related post: Wonderful Whiteboarding.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Chikanobu, Carp Jumping under a Wisteria Tree at the Chiyoda Palace
Toyohara Chikanobu (1838 - 1912) Carp Jumping out of the Pond under a Wisteria Tree at the Chiyoda Palace (Chiyoda Ooku Ohanami), 1894. Oban triptych.
Click here for a detailed enlargement.
This perfect and exquisite print, the delicate survivor of earthquake, fire and world war is a picture of longing… longing for a delicate and refined past by an artist obsessed with the pace of change, intrigued by the present and drawn to a disappearing history.
The Chiyoda Inner Palace (Chiyoda no Ooku) series of _PHONE_, together with his 1897 series Chiyoda Outer Palace (Chiyoda no on-omote), provided detailed depictions of life in and around Edo Castle before the Meiji Restoration of 1868. In the Chiyoda Inner Palace set, Chikanobu documented various annual ceremonies in the women's quarters, especially those at New Year's, and seasonal activities, particularly those conducted in the palace gardens...
The Palace itself is the Chiyoda Palace or Edo Castle as it was known. It was built in 1457 by the warrior Edo Shigetsugu in what is now the Honmaru and Ninomaru part of the Castle. It later became the seat of the old Tokugawa shogunate who rebuilt it in 1593 and completed it in 1636, but after centuries of power and total domestic and military dominance, the old regime, weakened and no longer relevant, were required to vacate the old Edo Castle in the revolution of 1868. Like so much of Japan's past, the bulk of the medieval castle was pulled down. Chikanobu shows an idealised scene of palace maids wandering under flowering wisteria, carp leaping out of the water.
These prints of the Chiyoda precincts are very beautiful and quite collectible. They only really shine if like this, they are in outstanding condition. The print is backed with album paper, colour, condition and impression are all fine.
Published by Fukuda Kumajiro.
73cm x 37cm.


initialWindowPosition
initialWindowPosition :: StateVar Position
GLUT Graphics.UI.GLUT.Initialization
Controls the initial window position. Windows created by createWindow will be requested to be created with the current initial window position. The initial value of the /initial window position/ GLUT state is Position (-1) (-1). If either the X or Y component of the initial window position is negative, the actual window position is left to the window system to determine. The intent of the initial window position is to provide a suggestion to the window system for a window's initial position. The window system is not obligated to use this information. Therefore, GLUT programs should not assume the window was created at the specified position.


text:
|Colored Schedule Types link to scheduled sections of the course for the term at this institution. If all Schedule Types are listed in black text, the course is not scheduled for the term.|
|ED 314 - Educational Technology - University of Hawaii at Hilo|
Introduction to the theory and application of multimedia
educational technology principles in 21st century
learning environments. Course is contextualized in
project-based and place-based learning. Special
emphasis on Hawaiian and Pan Pacific history and culture.
Required for admission into the Teacher Education or DL
STEPS program. Must be taken for a grade. Pre: CS 101
or equivalent, junior standing or instructor's consent.
3.000 Credit hours
3.000 Lecture hours
Schedule Types: Hybrid-Technology Intensive, Lecture
GAHP - HIL Hawaii/ Asia/Pacific
Must be enrolled in one of the following Classifications:
|Return to Previous|


text:
The Execute Command (QCMDEXC) program is an ibm as400 API that runs a single command.The command runs as if it was not in a program. Therefore, variables cannot be used on the command because values cannot be returned by the as400 command to CL variables. Additionally, commands that can only be used in CL procedures or programs cannot be run by the QCMDEXC program. The format of the call to the QCMDEXC program is the following:
CALL PGM(QCMDEXC) PARM(command command-length)
Enter the command you want to run as a character string on the first parameter. You must specify the command library.
CALL PGM(QCMDEXC ) PARM('QSYS/CRTLIB LIB(TEST)' 22)
Remember that you must enclose the as400 command in single quotation marks if it contains blanks. The maximum length of the character string is 6000 characters; never count the delimiters (the single quotation marks ) as part of the string. The length that is specified as the second value on the PARM parameter is the length of the character string that is passed as the command. Length must be a packed decimal value of length 15 with 5 decimal positions
Example of Using QCMDEXC in an RPGLE Procedure
d Quote C Const(X'7D') d StdCmd S 200A d StdLen S 15P 5 D Execute PR ExtPgm('QCMDEXC') D CmdStr Like(StdCmd) D Options(*VarSize) D Const D CmdStrLen Like(StdLen) Const D* IGCPrcCtl 3 Options( *NoPass ) D* Const *-------------------------------------------------- d var1 S Like(StdCmd) d var2 S Like(stdLen) d Inz(%size(var1)) c eval var1 = c 'CPYTOSTMF' +'' + c 'FROMMBR(' + Quote + c '/QSYS.LIB/LIBNAME.LIB' + c '/QRPGLESRC.FILE/RPG1.MBR' + c Quote + ')'+ c 'TOSTMF(' + Quote + c '/home/test.txt' + c Quote + ')'+ c 'STMFOPT(*REPLACE)' c callp Execute(var1:var2) c eval *inlr = *on
Another example of using QCMDEXC to execute CL commands
* d CmdLength s 15 5 d CmdString s 256 * * Procedure calls * d Command pr EXTPGM('QCMDEXC') d CmdString 256 d CmdLength 15 5 * c eval *inlr = *on //========================================= // *inzsr - One time run subroutine. //========================================= /free begsr *inzsr; cmdstring = 'dlyjob 10'; cmdlength = %len(%trim(cmdstring)); command(cmdstring : cmdlength); endsr; /end-free
* Procedure calls * d RUNCOMMAND PR extpgm('RUNCOMMAND') d CmdString 30 d RUNCOMMAND PI d CmdString 30 * d Command pr EXTPGM('QCMDEXC') d CmdString 30 d CmdLength 15 5 * * Definitions * d CmdLength s 15 5 * c eval *inlr = *on //========================================= // *inzsr - One time run subroutine. //========================================= /free begsr *inzsr; cmdlength = %len(%trim(cmdstring)); command(cmdstring : cmdlength); endsr; /end-free
QCMDEXC could also be called from CL, for instance to run a command dynamically when certain parameters that would be required are not know at run time. In this case calling QCMDEXC from a CL program would be an option. See the QCMDEXC snippet below
CHGVAR VAR(&CMD) VALUE('CHGLIBL LIBL(' *CAT &LIBL + *TCAT ')') CALL PGM(QCMDEXC) PARM(&CMD &LEN)
Managed as400 hosting
More examples of Using QCMDEXC in an as400 RPGLE Procedure to follow.