text:
A Swahili Counting Book
Author: Marie Holt
Grade Level: Early Elementary
1- The students will give oral examples of similarities and differences between another culture and their own.
2- The students will create a Swahili counting book using pictures from their own culture.
3- The students will identify Swahili as a language spoken in Africa.
Content Information: Click here for background information.
* Book - Moja Means One by Muriel Feelings
* Paper - 10 pieces per student, can be cut into half sheets.
* Crayons or markers
1- Anticipatory Set: The teacher will ask the students if they know what Swahili means or if they know any words in Swahili. Then explain to them that they do if they have seen the movie, "The Lion King." The word "simba" means "lion", "rafiki" means "friend", and "Hakuna Matata" means "no troubles" or "no problems" in Swahili.
2- The teacher will read the book Moja Means One to the students.
3- The teacher will show that each page counts to ten in Swahili and talks about some aspects of the East African culture while counting (e.g., 2 villagers playing, 7 fish in the Nile river, and 9 instruments being played.)
4- The teacher will ask the students questions concerning things are similar and different between an African culture and their own.
* What do you see from the book that is the same with you and your neighborhood?
* What do you see that is unique to Africa?
5- Talk about ten different things from their own community that could be made into a classroom Swahili counting book. Starting with number one in the Swahili language, the teacher will write down what the children say to describe their own community. The community can be as broad as the whole United States or as closely related to them as their neighborhood, school, or classroom.
6- The teacher will write down the items for each number up to ten. Then the teacher will type the students' words onto ten pieces of paper and staple them together to make a book. Make sure the numbers are spelled out in the Swahili language along with the numeral (e.g., mbili computers in the classroom, tano kids riding on bikes, or tisa cars in the parking lot.)
7- The teacher will make enough copies for every student. The students will then illustrate their own book and draw the number of items on each page according to the words and numbers written on the page.
8- The teacher will rotate among the students asking what language is being used and asking where it comes from.
9- Have the students share their books with other students or family members. They will now have their own Swahili counting book to read.
1- The teacher will observe students' comments regarding the similarity and difference questions.
2- The teacher will assess the books that have been made by each child.
3- The teacher will evaluate students responses to #8 in the procedures section of the lesson plan.
Source: Feelings, Muriel. Moja Means One. 1971. The Dial Press, New York.
Return to Africa Table of Contents


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Cartographic paper sculptures reveal global Cities' history by Matthew Picton
UK-based artist Matthew Picton uses strips of paper to construct maps of cities from around the world. The Londoner's sculptural creations use both historic and fictional texts to produce cartographic representations of multicultural cities like Las Vegas, Dresden, Tehran, and Venice. The materials used are reflective of each respective culture, from literary and religious texts to sheet music and DVD film covers.
More than simply lining out the aerial urban landscape of each site, Picton also creatively reflects the historical scene of certain locations that have dealt with disasters, especially those pertaining to fires. The Great Fire of London in 1666 is represented by the burnt pages of Daniel Defoe's The Plague Years. Similarly, Picton has ignited several of his paper cities to reflect their own fire-related tragedies. Taking the interpretation a step further, the artist constructed his scorched Lower Manhattan piece out of headlines following the aftermath of the World Trade Center bombings.
(Spotted on MyModernMetropolis)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
- Dilute-Dense-Semi Dense Phase, Controls and Testing.
Dilute Phase Theory
Dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems, also know as suspension flow, operate on the principle that the solids will be suspended in the conveying line air stream. This is accomplished by metering product into a moving air stream. Dilute phase conveying velocities typically are greater than 3500 FPM and material to air ratios are less than 12 to 1. Individual particles in the air stream will have some separation by their suspension in the air stream.
Dense phase conveying:
Dense phase pneumatic conveying systems operate below the minimum suspension velocity and are characterized by product moving along the bottom of the pipe in slugs or a moving bed. Product is conveyed below its saltation velocity at high differential pressures. Conveying velocities are typically less than 2600 FPM and material to air ratios of up to 100 to 1 are possible. Interaction of the particles in a dense phase system is greater than in dilute phase systems.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Tom Johnson (University of York) has published the following article: "Soothsayers, Legal Culture, and the Politics of Truth in Late-Medieval England," Cultural and Social History (published online on 31 Aug. 2020). Here's the abstract:
Soothsaying or divination has generally been understood by historians within the context of magic, popular culture, and lay religion. This article considers what it might be able to tell us about legal culture in late-medieval England. It argues that soothsayers not only offered people an alternative to the pursuit of justice in law-courts, but also different means of conceiving what justice was: they did not necessarily aim at the conclusion of peace between parties, but rather claimed to unveil the truth. Elaborating this comparison, it argues that this casts a different light on the publicity of late-medieval legal culture.
Further information is available here.


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1990s Portal
The 1990s, also known as "the Nineteen Nineties" or abbreviated as "the Nineties" or "the '90s", was the decade that started on 1 January 1990, and ended on 31 December 1999. It was the tenth and final decade of the 20th century and the last full decade of the 2nd millennium.
The '90s is often considered the true dawn of the Information Age. Though info-age technologies predate the 1980s, it was not until the late 1980s and the 1990s that they became widely used by the general public. A combination of factors, including the mass mobilization of capital markets through neoliberalism, the beginning of the widespread proliferation of new media such as the Internet, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union led to a realignment and reconsolidation of economic and political power across the world, and within countries.
The 1990s is often considered the end of Modernity and the dawn of the Postmodern age, even though the first traces of postmodernity takes place as far back as the 1940s,[1] however, some contemporary theory has proposed that the 1990's actually marked the end of this era, having peaked during the 1980's. The economies and living standards of some countries such as South Korea and Ireland improved to such an extent that they were considered First World nations by the decade's end.
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William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet is a 1996 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's romantic tragedy of the same name. It was directed by Baz Luhrmann and stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles.
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elt Struct Reference
#include <sexp.h>
Data Fields
elt_t ty
char * val
size_t val_allocated
size_t val_used
eltlist
eltnext
atom_t aty
char * bindata
size_t binlength
Detailed Description
An s-expression is represented as a linked structure of elements, where each element is either an atom or list. An atom corresponds to a string, while a list corresponds to an s-expression. The following grammar represents our definition of an s-expression:
 sexpr ::= ( sx )
 sx ::= atom sxtail | sexpr sxtail | 'sexpr sxtail | 'atom sxtail | NULL
 sxtail ::= sx | NULL
 atom ::= quoted | value
 quoted ::= "ws_string"
 value ::= nws_string

An atom can either be a quoted string, which is a string containing whitespace (possibly) surrounded by double quotes, or a non-whitespace string that does not require surrounding quotes. An element representing an atom will have a type of value and data stored in the val field. An element of type list represents an s-expression corresponding to sexpr in the grammar, and will have a pointer to the head of the appropriate s-expression. Details regarding these fields and their values given with the fields themselves. Notice that a single quote can appear directly before an s-expression or atom, similar to the use in LISP.
Field Documentation
atom_t aty

For elements that represent values, this field will specify the specific type of value that it represents. This can be used by functions to determine how this value should be printed (ie: how it should be quoted) or interpreted (ie: interpreting s-expressions that are prefixed with a tick-mark.). This value also indicates whether or not the programmer should look in the val field or bindata field for the atom data.
char* bindata

For elements that represent binary blobs, this field will point to a memory location where the data resides. The length of this memory blob is the next field. char* implies byte sized elements. This is only used in INLINE_BINARY parser mode. IMPORTANT NOTE: The data in this field is freed on a destroy_sexp() call, so users should copy it to memory they allocate if they wish it to persist after the sexp_t has been freed.
size_t binlength

The length of the data pointed at by bindata in bytes.
struct elt* list

If the type of the element is SEXP_LIST, this field will contain a pointer to the head element of the list.
struct elt* next

The next field is a pointer to the next element in the current expression. If this element is the last element in the s-expression, this field will be NULL.
elt_t ty

The element has a type that determines how the structure is used. If the type is SEXP_VALUE, then a programmer knows that either the val field or bindata field is meaningful dependin on the value of the aty field, and contains the data associated with this element of the s-expression. If the type is SEXP_LIST, then the list field contains a pointer to the s-expression element representing the head of the list. For each case, the field for the opposite case contains no meaningful data and using them in any way is likely to cause an error.
char* val

If the type of the element is SEXP_VALUE and the aty field is not SEXP_BINARY, this field will contain the actual data represented by this element.
size_t val_allocated

Number of bytes allocated for val.
size_t val_used

Number of bytes used in val (<= val_allocated).
Generated on Thu Oct 25 01:19:37 2007 for Small, Fast S-Expression Library by doxygen 1.4.6


text:
the Kalmar Nyckel or arrived while New Sweden was still in existance. Anna Holstein, a nineteenth century genealogist, wrote that according to family tradition the first Holstein, Matts or Matthias, was a carpenter who was born in New Sweden in 1644 whose father had arrived on the Key of Calmar with Peter Minuit. There is some evidence for this being true. The one passenger on the first voyage of the Kalmar Nyckel (the only voyage with Peter Minuit aboard) who remained to settle in New Sweden was named Claes Jansen. He was a carpenter. The custom at the time was for children to derive their last name from their father's first name, so Claes Jansen's children would have been named Claesson. Indeed, Matts Holstein's original last name was Claesson, and if they were both carpenters, the shared occupation might suggest a family link. However, there are problems with this story. The reason the surname was changed from Claesson to Holstein was most likely because the family was from Holstein, which was then part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Claes Jansen, however, was from Niewkerck, in Holland. A contemporary genealogist, Peter Stebbins Craig, has found a church record indicating Matts Holstein's birthplace as Dittmarschen, in Holstein, in 1642. That pretty much settles things, except for two other church records that appear to provide potential contradictory evidence. I have seen reference to a record in the Old Swedes Church that indicates Matts was baptized there in 1642. The record referred to may be the 1683 Gloria Dei church census (it is not certain because several churches were known as the Old Swedes Church). Stebbins cites that record for determining that Matts Holstein was born in 1642, but he doesn't mention the baptism record. Not having seen the document, I can only guess that difference might be in accuracy of translation. The other record is from a 1693 Gloria Dei church census, where old Matts Holstein is listed, but not marked as a member who was born "in the homeland." If "in the homeland" meant back in Europe, that suggests he was born in New Sweden, but if "in the homeland" meant specifically Sweden, a person born in Holstein would not have been included. Craig also indicates that Matts Holstein came in 1663 to New Amstel, which means he came after the Dutch had incorporated New Sweden into New Amsterdam. New Amstel was the Dutch name for the place that started out as Fort Casimir, then became Fort Trinity [Trefaldigheets], but as New Amstel was then an expanded settlement. One year later, when the English took over, New Amstel became Newcastle [or New Castle]. Craig does not indicate his source for the date nor the name of the ship on which he might have been a passenger. There were two ships that arrived in New Amstel in 1663. The St. Jacob came in July with over a hundred passengers, only a handful of whom were listed by name. In December the Purmerender Kerck arrived with over 150 passengers, only four of whom were named.
It is through the wives of several generations of Matts Holsteins that we can trace at least five ancestors who came to New Sweden aboard the Kalmar Nyckel: Peter Gunnarsson Rambo, Peter Larsson Cock, Sven Gunnarsson, his wife [whose name is not known], and their daughter Gertrude Svensdotter, who was only a year old when she traveled to New Sweden. Three of Peter Larsson Cock's daughters married three of Peter Gunnarsson Rambo's sons, and oldest of these men's granddaughters, Britta Rambo, married Matts Holstein's son, who was also named Matts Holstein. Our connection to Gertrude Svensdotter and her parents is through her great granddaughter, Magdalen or Maudlin Hulings, who married Matthias Holstein, the third in that line with the same name. There most likely were additional ancestors of ours aboard the Kalmar Nyckel, but the records are too incomplete, especially in providing women's names, to provide clear evidence.
There is controversy about the first Matts Holstein's wives. In 1892, Anna Holstein named Britta Gostenburg as his wife. Craig's research, with some speculation, pointed instead to Lasse Cock's eldest sister, who was probably named Helena, as Matts' first wife, with whom he had four sons. After his first wife died, again according to Craig, Matts married his housekeeper Catharina Månsdotter, daughter of Måns Pålsson and Elisabeth Pålsdotter, both of Finnish ancestry. Catharina bore two sons and a daughter.
Tracing Elisabeth Pålsdotter's line back further, her parents Margareta Andersdotter and Pål Jönsson Mullica had come to New Sweden in 1654, a year before New Sweden came to an end. Pål seems to have been a good law-abiding citizen, but Margareta was a bit of a trouble-maker. It was she, not her husband, who made a legal complaint against a neighbor in a land dispute, and after she had became a widow twice, she was found guilty and fined 100 guilders (meant to be a devasting amount so as to discourage potential rebels) by the English government for being a conspirator in the Long Finn Rebellion.
Peter Gunnarsson Rambo was both typical and extraordinary among the New Sweden colonists. Since he was the longest living of the original settlers, he later became known as the Father of New Sweden. It is not known for sure whether or not he came to New Sweden voluntarily. He was indentured by the company to plant tobacco on the New Sweden Company's plantation just outside the fort. It is also not known whether his ethnicity was Swedish or Finnish. He was living in Gothenburg before he came to New Sweden, but many Finns were living there then, and his wife was from a Finnish region of Sweden, although he did not marry her until he had been in New Sweden for eight years (and three years after he had become a freeman). In 1644, upon his freedom, he had relocated to the eastern shore of the Schuylkill River in what is now West Philadelphia [If you are interested in seeing the old Rambo haunts, you will likely be disappointed, since the land is now occupied by a Sun Oil refinery]. He became a prosperous farmer, orchardist, and something of a land speculator. He made his mark rather than sign his name on some legal documents, but that does not necessarily mean he could not read and write. His mark on one document was simply the letters P R B, and in another a very stylized X:
The senior Rambo was honored and trusted enough that he served as a ruling judge of Upland Court even as the control of the colony changed from Swedish to Dutch to English. When Upland Court was finally ended when the colony of Pennsylvania was created, Rambo continued to serve as a judge. He didn't always get along with the authorities, however. In 1654, he was charged by Governor Printz for illegally selling grain to the Dutch, and in turn, he was one of the twenty-two freemen who signed the petition of complaint against Governor Printz. Peter Rambo's word was also valued by his Indian neighbors, and through his actions an armed conflict with the Indians was prevented. In 1668, Rambo met with members of the Mantas Indians after two members of the tribe had murdered three settlers. Rambo convinced those he met with to pledge to capture the two fugitives and return them to justice in the English courts. Only one was caught and returned, but the crisis was averted. As part of the settlement, Rambo informed the English authorities that the "Indyans in those parts have desired that there be an absolute prohibicon upon the whole River on selling Strong Liquors to the Indyans." After his long life and public service, Rambo was so revered by his church that after his death, when a new building, the Gloria Dei, was constructed, instead of moving Rambo's grave, they built the church around his remains.
Information about old Peter Rambo is found in an addenda of notes to a supplementary diary published as an appendix to Peter Kalm's Travels in North America. Kalm's travelogue of his adventures from 1748 to 1751 has been available in English since 1770, but his supplementary diary was first translated in 1937. In an entry on the early Swedish settlers, Kalm reports on a conversation with Peter Rambo, grandson of Peter Gunnarsson Rambo, on 30 January 1749. The grandson told him that the elder Peter Rambo told the English that his hands had been the very first to sow seeds in the settlement of New Sweden. He also spoke of apple seeds and other tree and garden seeds that old Peter brought with him in a box. The Rambo apple is now a rare variety, but it was once very popular, especially in the mid-Atlantic states. The first Rambo apple tree might have been grown from a seed in that box. The seeds may have come from Sweden, but it is also possible that he had picked up seeds while in port in Holland, since he resided there for most of a year waiting for repairs and the hiring of a new crew. If the


text:
Economic Definition of nationalization. Defined.
Offline Version: PDF
Term nationalization Definition: The process of a national government taking over the ownership of a private business or industry, usually in conjunction with a major revolution that establishes a communistic or socialist command economy. Nationalization was a common practice, sort of a fad, during the 1950s,1960s, and 1970s. Even non-revolutionary industrialized countries in Europe jumped onto the nationalization bandwagon. The United States also took at stab at nationalizing passenger train service when Amtrak was established in 1970.


Experimental design performances (obsolete)
Content owned by aadamson
We present here measured sensitivity and throughput of GRACES in its experimental phase (phase I). No scientific data were obtained until GRACES was improved, and delivered to Gemini for routine operation.
We define sensitivity as the magnitude of an object that would provide a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 1 for an hour of integration time. To calculate the signal-to-noise ratio, we measured the signal (S) from 600sec observations of the spectrophotometric standard star Feige 66. Those observations were obtained under pristine weather conditions, with a photometric sky and seeing close to 0.4 arcsec. The air mass at the time of the observation was 1.13, so the resulting spectrum was corrected to an air mass of 1.0 using extinction values (magnitude per air mass) from Béland (1988). The spectrum was also binned into the resolution element, i.e. 1.7 pix and 2.9 pix for the 1 fiber and the 2 fiber mode, respectively, so the final result is presented as a function of resolution element.
We determined the noise level from a subtracted pair of 1200sec frames on sky, observed shortly after the Feige 66 spectrum. Using a spectra region generally free of sky lines and artifacts, the noise (N) is determined by multiplying the average standard deviation in the background counts by the square root of the aperture area used to extract the signal. We then have:
Image showing the formula of the signal-to-noise of 1 for an hour of integration time.,
where TFeige66 and Tsky are the exposure time of the Feige 66 spectrum and the sky, respectively. To find the sensitivity, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N1hr) is converted to a magnitude and added to the Feige 66 spectrum calibrated in magnitude (MFeige66) available from Massey et al. (1998, ApJ, 328, 31):
Image showing the formula to find the sensitivity..
Here is the resulting GRACES sensitivity for both modes:
GRACES sensitivity, defined as the magnitude of a target giving a S/N~1 after a 1h exposure
GRACES can deliver a S/N of 1 in 1 hour for a target as faint as 21.9 mag in the 2 fiber mode. Note that this result would be different if GRACES were used under poorer weather conditions. Sensitivity does not depend much on the seeing up to ~IQ85 due to the 1.2arcsec diameter of the fiber. However, the sensitivity would be less for non-photometric conditions, due to increased source extinction resulting in a value of 21.6 mag under CC70%, 20.9 mag under CC80% and brighter than 19.9 mag under CCany (see extinctions for the different cloud cover percentile at _URL_
We determined system throughput based on the same Feige 66 observations that were used for sensitivity. We compared the measured flux with that from a standard Feige 66 spectrum calibrated to the flux of photons hitting the primary mirror. This standard spectrum comes from Hubble space telescope observations (SFeige66) available in the literature (Oke 1990, AJ, 99, 1621) to which we apply a coefficient to correct for the atmosphere extinction. In summary:
Image showing the Throughput formula.,
where
Image showing the Standard Spectrum relation.,
where μ is the air mass and Aλ is the extinction coefficient from Béland (1988).
GRACES throughput (corrected for atmospheric extinction).
Our results show that 8-10% of the photons with wavelength between 600-800 nm that hit the Gemini North mirror get to the ESPaDOnS detector in the 2 fiber mode. In the 1 fiber mode, the same amount of light gets to the detector, but since the resolution element is smaller, we get values of 6-7% between 500 and 740 nm.
We can translate these results into the S/N one should expect for their observation. To give an idea of GRACES performance in both spectroscopic mode, here is the S/N reached for a flat spectrum of different magnitudes after a 1 hour exposure in the 2 fiber (left) and the 1 fiber (right) modes:Chart showing the signal-to-noise reached for a flat spectrum of different magnitudes.
These results can be compared with the performance of other high-resolution spectrographs on 8-10m telescopes. Here is the S/N obtained after a 1 hour observation of the star Feige 66 with GRACES (2 fiber mode, in black), HIRES (in green) and UVES (in blue):
Chart showing the signal-to-noise obtained after a 1 hour observation of the star Feige 66 with GRACES (2 fiber mode, in black), HIRES (in green) and UVES (in blue)
One can see that all spectra are comparable. The HIRES and UVES spectra were modified to correspond to the GRACES resolution and the weather conditions when the GRACES spectrum was observed. More details about this comparison can be provided by the instrument team upon request.
You may be interested also to read about the effect of Atmospheric Differential refraction (GMOS page).
Experimental design performances (obsolete) | Gemini Observatory
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The website encountered an unexpected error. Please try again later.


text:
Maggy Pavlou's Creating the WOW Factor March 3-6, (Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday) 4-day Class
We will begin by designing and making the felted cloth, then piecing and cutting this cloth into a finished garment and fusing the pieces with the needle-felting machine. No experience with a felting machine is necessary but students should have constructed a large felted garment before. By making 3 to 4 swatches of different sample fabrics, students will explore individual style and color combinations to determine their favorite for the large garment.
After the design has been finalized and the cloth produced, students will press the cloth, cut shape and piece together by hand sewing or needle felting, depending on our individual designs. Finishing details are important and with the goal that everyone will take home a finished garment, the students will also learn about closures and finishing details. Maggy will focus on raw edges and lightweight, flowing drape, both of which are hallmarks of her work. Students will also explore openings and stitched ridges in finishing their garments with individuality and creativity.
[Prerequisite: Students must be experienced in using a sewing machine.]
Level of Difficulty: All levels of experience
Number of Students: 12
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
See the sample of sop for ms in civil engineering course and learn how to write a good statement of purpose for civil engineering. Sample statement of purpose - electrical engineering example essay give your statement of purpose an edge at essayedgecom my decision to pursue graduate study in. Want to build better cities with a master's degree in civil and environmental engineering, you'll have the expertise to design infrastructure that improves quality. A master's or phd in civil engineering could mean faster career progression, a higher salary, and more interesting projects. Sample statement of purpose: environmental engineering a phd so that i can pursue a career in research and experience the excitement and. Learn how our best writing service can provide you with a statement of purpose civil engineering example which is tailored to your particular graduate school.
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Application for ms civil engineering student number _____ statement of purpose my country, india, is on the threshold of hectic development in infrastructure. -be sure to select either ms in civil engineering or phd in civil engineering a statement of purpose (sop. Free sample personal statement example statement of purpose for graduate school civil engineering below are examples of personal statement for college and graduate. Statement of purpose after three and half years of undergraduate study in civil engineering, i feel completely satisfied with my decision to choose.
Check out our top free essays on statement of purpose civil engineering sop to help you write your own essay. Help and advice with how to write your statement of purpose civil engineering sop samples graduate school statement of purpose sample.
Sample statement of purpose – mechanical engineering master's degree in engineering followed by a phd and research oriented career in industry or. Requirements isu-wide: academic records, gpa, statement of purpose, letters of recommendation application deadlines: our department accepts graduate student. Sample statement of purpose for students interested in ms and phd in civil engineering.
Sample personal statement of purpose editing, graduate school in engineering, ms, phd examples, sop professional writing service first paragraph free. Statement of purpose- civil engineering - download as word doc (doc / docx), pdf file here are three example sop for graduate schools for civil engineers. Other examples of sample sop for graduate programs one thought on " sample sop for civil engineering " pingback: study in us example of of statment of purpose.
My strategy for graduate study will, therefore, be a prolonged documents similar to statement of purpose for civil engineering _ sop sample skip carousel. Requirements and deadlines for the civil engineering graduate program at purdue - west lafayette. Home » admissions » graduate » admission requirements and process and then explain in your statement of purpose that your goal is (civil engineering. See the sample sop for civil engineering and learn how to create one the student got admitted to the ms in ce program at utaustin with this sop. Sample statement of purpose for ms in civil engineering in usa sample sop for phd in civil.
Phd in civil engineering graduate secretary ms ashley west [email protected] statement of purpose (phd and ms. Sample statement of purpose for students interested in ms and phd in computer science & engineering. Writing a personal statement or statement of purpose dr armando a rodriguez, phd professor of electrical engineering school of electrical, computer and. Fully supported graduate student fellowships the zachry department of civil engineering is offering multiple fully supported fellowships for graduate students who.


text:
- SEE ALSO
- COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Text::Table::CSV - Generate CSV
This document describes version 0.023 of Text::Table::CSV (from Perl distribution Text-Table-CSV), released on 2019-11-29.
use Text::Table::CSV; my $rows = [ # header row ['Name', 'Rank', 'Serial'], # rows ['alice', 'pvt', '123456'], ['bob', 'cpl', '98765321'], ['carol', 'brig gen', '8745'], ]; print Text::Table::CSV::table(rows => $rows);
This module provides a single function,
table, which formats a two-dimensional array of data as CSV. This is basically a way to generate CSV using the same interface as that of Text::Table::Tiny (v0.03) or Text::Table::Org.
The example shown in the SYNOPSIS generates the following table:
"Name","Rank","Serial" "alice","pvt","123456" "bob","cpl","98765321" "carol","brig gen","8745"
table function understands these arguments, which are passed as a hash.
Required. Takes an array reference which should contain one or more rows of data, where each row is an array reference.
Optional, default true. Whether to print the first row (which is assumed to be the header row).
Please visit the project's homepage at _URL_
Source repository is at _URL_
Please report any bugs or feature requests on the bugtracker website _URL_
When submitting a bug or request, please include a test-file or a patch to an existing test-file that illustrates the bug or desired feature.
See also Bencher::Scenario::TextTableModules.
This software is copyright (c) 2019, 2018, 2015 by _EMAIL_.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.


text:
The Gas Leaks of Boston
According to a new study, Boston has more than 3,000 leaks from aging natural-gas piping systems across the city.
The new study finding thousands of natural gas leaks in Boston comes in the wake of devastating fires fueled by natural gas during Hurricane Sandy. Potential damage to gas pipeline pressure regulators, caused by flooding in Hurricane Sandy, has raised ongoing safety concerns in New York and New Jersey.
The researchers report finding 3,356 separate natural gas leaks under the streets of Boston. "While our study was not intended to assess explosion risks, we came across six locations in Boston where gas concentrations exceeded the threshold above which explosions can occur," said Nathan Phillips, associate professor in BU's Department of Earth and Environment and co-author of the study.
Nationally, natural gas pipeline failures cause an average of 17 fatalities, 68 injuries, and $133M in property damage annually, according to the U.S. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. In addition to the explosion hazard, natural gas also poses a major environmental threat: Methane, the primary ingredient of natural gas, is a powerful greenhouse gas that degrades air quality. Leaks in the United States contribute to $3 billion of lost and unaccounted for natural gas each year.
"Repairing these leaks will improve air quality, increase consumer health and safety, and save money," said co-author Robert B. Jackson, Nicholas Professor of Global Environmental Change at Duke. "We just have to put the right financial incentives into place."
Phillips and Jackson's teams collaborated with industry partners Robert Ackley of Gas Safety, Inc., and Eric Crosson of Picarro, Inc., on the study. They mapped the gas leaks under Boston using a new, high-precision methane analyzer installed in a GPS-equipped car. Driving all 785 road miles within city limits, the researchers discovered 3,356 leaks.
The leaks were distributed evenly across neighborhoods and were associated with old cast-iron underground pipes, rather than neighborhood socioeconomic indicators. Levels of methane in the surface air on Boston's streets exceeded fifteen times the normal atmospheric background value.
Like Boston, other cities with aging pipeline infrastructure may be prone to leaks. The researchers recommend coordinated gas-leaks mapping campaigns in cities where the infrastructure is deemed to be at risk. The researchers will continue to quantify the health, safety, environmental, and economic impacts of the leaks, which will be made available to policymakers and utilities as they work to replace and repair leaking natural gas pipeline infrastructure.


Recommended Viewing
Documentary Films
Jewish American Soldiers: Stories from WWII, 2017, 56 minutes
Jewish American Soldiers: Stories from WWII is a documentary focusing on the life stories of Jewish American World War II veterans. The film explores their unique experiences of being Jewish soldiers during a time of extreme Anti-Semitism both abroad, and in America.
GI Jews: Jewish Americans in World War II, 2018, 86 minutes
Tells the story of the 550,000 Jewish Americans who fought in World War II. In their own words, veterans both famous and unknown bring their war experiences to life: how they fought for their nation and their people, struggled with anti-Semitism within their ranks, and emerged transformed.
Jewish Soldiers in Blue and Gray, 2011, 86 minutes
Explores the little known history of the Civil War Jews who fought on both sides of the battlefield—7,000 for the Union and 3,000 for the Confederacy.
Ritchie Boys, 2004, 90 minutes
Young Jewish German immigrants trained at Camp Ritchie, Maryland for a unique brand of warfare against World War II.
From Philadelphia to the Front, 2005, 37 minutes
This film focuses on six Philadelphia veterans in their 80's, and their individual experiences during the war and a bittersweet reunion they share in their old age.
About Face: The Story of the Jewish Refugee Soldiers of World War II, 2015,
The film tells the stories of young Jewish men who escaped certain danger at the hands of the Nazis and returned to fight them in Europe and North Africa.
Berga: Soldiers of Another War, 2003, 85 minutes
Reveals the story of 350 American prisoners of war caught in the tragedy of the Holocaust.
Hitler's Hat, 2003, 47 minutes
On April 29, 1945, Jewish American GI Richard Marowitz and his I&R unit of the 42nd Rainbow Division take part in the liberation of Dachau. The next day, they sweep through Munich, and in one particular apartment, Rich finds Adolph Hitler's ceremonial top hat, stomps on it, and brings it home as war souvenir, where it stays buried in the magic trick closet in his Albany, NY basement for the next 50 years.
YouTube and around the Web


Responses erased
In Event Editor, with "Use code values to determine the correct response" checked, and using a code of Valence for the following code values: "Pleasant" with a correct response of one or more of the following: 1, and "Unpleasant" with a correct response of one or more of the following: 2. I also want to use a code of Race, with the following code values of white (correct response = 1) and black (correct response = 2). However, when I switch to use a code of Race, it erases the responses for Valence. When I switch back to Valence, those responses are erased too.
SuperLab can only define responses based on one code at a time. You can define responses for the code's multiple values, but you can only define them based on one code.
If you need the correct response to be dependent on a combination of the two codes, I recommend merging them into one code.
[QUOTE=Hank;719]SuperLab can only define responses based on one code at a time. You can define responses for the code's multiple values, but you can only define them based on one code.
If you need the correct response to be dependent on a combination of the two codes, I recommend merging them into one code.[/QUOTE]
I am attempting to delete the second code, and add new values to the first code, but when I try to do this, Superlab quits and corrupts my experiment file, so that I can't run it or open it anymore.
Are you running SuperLab 4.0.3? All issues with code and code value deletion should have been fixed in SuperLab 4.0.3.
_URL_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
 constant <- function(x){1}
this is probably more than ridiculously simple, but any reason as to why this isn't working?
is there a different way I should be writing the function for constants?
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
You can use the Vectorize function to convert a non-vectorized function into the sort of function that integrate requires:
> constant <- function(x){1}
> Vconst <- Vectorize(constant)
> integrate(Vconst,lower=1,upper=10)
9 with absolute error < 1e-13
share|improve this answer
add comment
From?integrate:
An R function taking a numeric first argument and returning a numeric vector of the same length. Returning a non-finite element will generate an error.
You need to return a vector the same length as x. Try:
constant <- function(x){rep(1,length(x))}
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


text:
Pumpernickel, the name for the dark-brown, rye bread, comes to us from the German. The German name has been around since at least 1663. The origin is not certain, but it most likely comes from the dialectal German verb pumpern, meaning to fart, and nickel, meaning demon or imp. (Which is from the name Nicholas, a common appellation for evil spirits, as in the English Old Nick; the name of the metal is from the German Kupfernickel, or demon copper, so-called because its color or the ore is deceptive and resembles that of copper.) Evidently the bread is so named because it gives one gas.
Pumpernickel first appears in English in Thomas Nugent's 1756 travelogue The Grand Tour. Nugent, however, gets the etymology wrong, repeating a story that is retold to this day:
Their bread is of the very coarsest kind, ill baked, and as black as a coal, for they never sift their flour. The people of the country call it Pompernickel, which is only a corruption of a French name given it by a gentleman of that nation, who passed through this country. It is reported, that when this coarse bread was brought to table, hye looked at it and said, Qu'il etoit bon pour Nickel, That it was good for Nickel, which was the name of his horse.
Later versions make out the unnamed Frenchman to be Napoleon—an obvious anachronism—and change the French phrase to pain pour Nicol, bread for Nichole. It's a fun story, but quite untrue.
Copyright _PHONE_, by David Wilton


Josefin and Lisa got a very nice paper accepted!
The anchoring effect – long-term dormancy and genetic population structure
Lisa Sundqvist, Anna Godhe, Per R. Jonsson, Josefin Sefbom
Understanding the genetic structure of populations is key to revealing past and present demographic and evolutionary processes in a species. In the past decade high genetic differentiation has been observed in many microbial species challenging the previous view of cosmopolitan distribution. Populations have displayed high genetic differentiation, even at small spatial scales, despite apparent high dispersal. Numerous species of microalgae have a life-history strategy that includes a long-term resting stage, which can accumulate in sediments and serve as refuge during adverse conditions. It is presently unclear how these seed banks affect the genetic structure of populations in aquatic environments. Here we provide a conceptual framework, using a simple model, to show that long-term resting stages have an anchoring effect on populations leading to increased genetic diversity and population differentiation in the presence of gene flow. The outcome that species with resting stages have a higher degree of genetic differentiation compared to species without, is supported by empirical data obtained from a systematic literature review. With this work we propose that seed banks in aquatic microalgae play an important role in the contradicting patterns of gene flow, and ultimately the adaptive potential and population dynamics in species with long-term resting stages.
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lec16_ODE3 - ODE of vectors Example...
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Unformatted text preview: ODE of vectors Example: Projectile motion with air drag Systems of coupled ODEs Example: Spread of an epidemic Midterm project due date extended until next Tuesday (3/30) No HW this week – finish your projects! Reading for Differential Equations in Appendix B. Often in science the quantities we are interested in are vectors which require a magnitude and direction. Typically we express a vector by it's individual components:  = (vx , vy , vz ) v Computationally, our 1D problems now become 3 1-D problems. We just perform the calculations on each of the components individually. dvx 1 = Fdx (vx ) dt m dvy 1 = Fdy (vy ) − g dt m 1  Fd = − Cd ρA| | vv 2 Restrict to 2-D, so only need x and y components of position (r) and velocity (v). Force of gravity is only in y direction, drag force is always opposite to velocity (x and y components constantly change). drx = vx dt dry = vy dt In many 'systems' we encounter in science, the evolution of a variable depends on the values of other variables, … which in turn depend on the value of the original variable. We say ODEs which describe the evolution of these variables are coupled. Examples: Predator – prey models (Lotka-Volterra) Spread of infectious diseases Chemical reactions (Belousov-Zhabotinski) Climate models (Lorentz) Simple model of how an infectious disease (like the flu) might spread in a 'closed' population. Two groups of people: number of susceptibles (S) who can catch the disease and infectives (I) which have the disease. dS = −rSI dt dI = rSI − aI dt The parameters r and a are characteristic of the disease (i.e. how infectious the disease is and rate of recovery respectively) Think about the logic behind these equations! Also need initial (t=0) conditions: S (0) = S0 I (0) = I0 Need to discretize using forward Euler method. For time = 0 to T Sk+1 − Sk in n time steps: = −rSk Ik T ∆t = n For a time step k: ∆t Ik+1 − Ik = rSk Ik − aIk ∆t So to compute the S and I values for the next time step (k+1): Ik+1 = Ik + ∆t(rSk Ik − aIk ) Sk+1 = Sk − ∆trSk Ik Data was collected during a flu outbreak in a British boarding school (closed population) in 1978. This simple ODE system was used to successfully model the data by adjusting r and a values (non-linear fitting using a model rather than an analytic function). Data from Mathematical Biology by J.D. Murray – excellent book! An important question to ask is "Are there values for the variables for which the system does NOT evolve?" These values define steady-state solutions and define "fixed points" for the equations. Remember, variables are not changing if their derivatives are 0. There is one fixed point for the epidemic model: I = 0 since I is in every term on the RHS of all equations. Let's take a look at a model which has a more interesting fixed point. System of ODEs describing the change in population of predators (y) and prey (x). dx = x(a − cy − bx) dt dy = −y (d − ex) dt Interpretation of parameters: a - prey birth rate, b – prey death rate (other than being eaten), c – rate of consumption, d – predator death rate, e – predator birth rate Find fixed points by setting both derivatives to 0 and solving for x and y: a bd d There are others, y0 = − x0 = see them? c ce e ...
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S-Space College of Engineering/Engineering Practice School (공과대학/대학원) Dept. of Mechanical Aerospace Engineering (기계항공공학부) Journal Papers (저널논문_기계항공공학부)
Density variation of nanoscale patterns in thermal nanoimprint lithography
- Issue Date
- American Institute of Physics
- Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 253111 (2007)
- Density variation of nanoscale patterns in thermal nanoimprint lithography was studied both by experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. A simple soft imprinting technique was used to fabricate various nanopatterns (70 nm and 600 nm lines and 150 nm dots) over a large area (2x3 cm(2)). Local density was measured by the relative magnitude of van der Waals interactions between a sharp tip and the patterned surface. In order to investigate the mechanism of density variation, molecular dynamic simulations were performed. Experimental and simulation results demonstrated that the density of the pressed region (valleys) was higher than that of the cavity region (hills) when a simple amorphous polymer is thermally imprinted with a patterned mold.
- 0003-6951 (print)


text:
Kanota was released in California in 1928.
PEST DISEASE RESISTANCE
Kanota is susceptible to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus, crown rust, stem rust and powdery mildew.
Kanota is early maturing, being about three days later than Montezuma. Plant height is similar to Cal Red and Swan. The fine stems and leafiness contribute to good quality hay but straw weakness contributes to lodging problems. Bushel weights averaged about 38.3lb/bu.


text:
Plugable USB C Power Meter Tester for Monitoring USB-C Connections
For a multimeter, the Plugable USB-C Amperage and Voltage Tester (USBC-VAMETER) manages to fit a lot of useful features into a sturdy little package. About the size of a USB flash drive, this bidirectional USB tester allows for full USB data passthrough while it monitors USB-C power and charging, measures voltage and amperage, even visualizes the directional flow of electrical current-all in real time.
Connect the VAMETER inline between a USB-C host system like a laptop, tablet, or cell phone and a charger to use it as a USB voltage meter or power consumption meter. An updated OLED screen means a brighter and easier-to-read display in any lighting conditions, and a new orientation button lets you flip the screen with a click.
How it works:
This meter is a transparent interposer-it should not interfere with the USB data (1.1 through 3.1 Gen 2), USB-C Alternate Mode video, or USB-C charging. The meter can be used in-line with USB-C docking stations, chargers, and other USB-C accessories. The meter is able to achieve this without interfering with normal USB-C operation as it only taps into the power (VBUS) and ground connections to measure values and leaves the data lines untouched.
- Connecting between a USB-C host system like a laptop, tablet, or cell phone and a charger to monitor charge information.
- Connecting between a USB-C host and docking station to monitor charge information.
- Connecting between a USB-C host system and a USB-C bus powered accessory like an external hard drive, flash drive, etc to measure power draw of a device.
- Testing for USB-C port spec compliance such as a VBUS hot condition, voltage drop under load, etc
- AT A GLANCE - USB C Tester: Monitor USB-C power and charging. Measure voltage and amperage. Visualize the directional flow of electrical current. Updated OLED display is brighter and easier to read. New orientation button lets you flip the screen 180 degrees
- BIDIRECTIONAL - USB power meter can be connected in either orientation, allowing for the full range of USB Power Delivery voltage from 5 to 20V (4V-22V, 50mA-6.5A operating range)
- BROAD USB SUPPORT - Used as a data and power quality meter, device allows USB data pass through, USB-C Alt Mode video, USB-C charging. Use USB tester inline with USB-C docking stations, chargers, accessories, etc. Not compatible with Thunderbolt 3 devices
- SMALL AND TOUGH - Small enough to go anywhere you need a USB C voltage meter. Even fits most phones and tablets without removing protective case. Strengthened USB-C connections ensure it's sturdy enough to be your go-to USB C power tester
- 2 YEAR WARRANTY - We love our Plugable products, and hope you will too. All of our products are backed with a 2-year limited parts and labor warranty as well as Seattle-based email support


text:
American Academy of Arts and SciencesArticle Free Pass
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, honorary society incorporated on May 4, 1780, in Boston, Mass., U.S., for the purpose of cultivating "every art and science." Its membership—some 3,300 fellows in the United States and about 550 foreign honorary fellows (all scholars and national leaders)—is divided into four classes: the physical sciences, the biological sciences, the social arts and sciences, and the humanities and fine arts. Offices are in Cambridge, Mass.
The society was established in 1779 by a group of Harvard College graduates—including John Adams, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and James Bowdoin—and incorporated in 1780. It evolved largely as a rival to the earlier American Philosophical Society established in Philadelphia in 1743 but ultimately became the larger society, claiming to represent the United States nationally. Its publications include the Bulletin (eight times a year) and Daedalus (quarterly). The academy holds a convention each May in Cambridge, conducts various other conferences and seminars, and presents the Emerson-Thoreau Medal, the Amory Prize, the Rumford Premium, the Talcott Parsons Prize, and the American Academy Award for Humanistic Studies.
What made you want to look up "American Academy of Arts and Sciences"? Please share what surprised you most...


w3resource
JavaScript: Test whether a string ends with a specified string
JavaScript String: Exercise-47 with Solution
Write a JavaScript function to test whether a string ends with a specified string.
Test Data:
console.log(endsWith('JS string exercises', 'exercises'));
true
Pictorial Presentation:
JavaScript: Test whether a string starts with a specified string
Sample Solution:-
HTML Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>JavaScript function to test whether a string ends with a specified string</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
JavaScript Code:
function endsWith(input, string) {
 var index = input.length - string.length;
 return index >= 0 && input.indexOf(string, index) > -1;
 }
console.log(endsWith('JS string exercises', 'exercises'));
Sample Output:
true
Flowchart:
Flowchart: JavaScript: Test whether a string ends with a specified string
Live Demo:
See the Pen JavaScript Test whether a string ends with a specified string-string-ex-47 by w3resource (@w3resource) on CodePen.
Improve this sample solution and post your code through Disqus
Previous: Write a JavaScript function to test whether a string starts with a specified string.
Next: Write a JavaScript function to get the successor of a string.
What is the difficulty level of this exercise?
JavaScript: Tips of the Day
JavaScript: use strict
function getAge() {
 'use strict';
 age = 21;
 console.log(age);
}
getAge();
With "use strict", you can make sure that you don't accidentally declare global variables. We never declared the variable age, and since we use "use strict", it will throw a reference error. If we didn't use "use strict", it would have worked, since the property age would have gotten added to the global object.
Ref: _URL_


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Discuss in my forum
What Is the Difference Between Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures?
Heterogeneous Versus Homogeneous
By
This is a heterogeneous mixture of tomatoes.
This is a heterogeneous mixture of tomatoes. The types of tomatoes are not evenly distributed in the mixture.
Annabelle Breakey, Getty Images A homogeneous mixture has a uniform appearance.
A homogeneous mixture has a uniform appearance.
Medioimages/Photodisc, Getty Images
Heterogeneous and homogeneous refer to mixtures of materials in chemistry. The difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures is the degree at which the materials are mixed together.
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.
Homogeneous mixtures: air, blood, saturated sugar water
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties.
Heterogeneous mixtures: rocks, oil and water, soup, pizza
©2014 About.com. All rights reserved.


How is sacred sexuality and the Divine Feminine Awakening happening on the planet affecting women in business? The following video addresses the connection between the trinity of sacred sexuality, spirituality, and business connected through the Divine Feminine:
Sacred Sexuality and the Divine Feminine Awakening in Business
How does the Divine Feminine impact yourself as an entrepreneur?
How does sacred sexuality and Twin Flame impact your biz?
Dr Amanda Noelle


text:
SSAW pipe pile driver is operated by electrical hydraulic system, with two types of walking and crawling. When working, the long spiral drilling rig is used to drill to the design depth, and then the concrete is pressed and filled into SSAW pipe piles by concrete pump when lifting the drill. The drilling and piling are completed simultaneously in one machine. The drilling diameter is 400-800mm and the maximum drilling depth is 31 m.
Here is the content list:
Understand the maintenance system of SSAW pipe piles
How to maintain SSAW pipe piles?
What should be paid attention to when maintaining SSAW pipe piles in daily work?
Maintaining SSAW pipe piles can be equipped with long spiral drilling machine, vibrating hammer, diesel hammer and other operating devices to complete the construction of SSAW pipe pile, CFG piles, immersed pipe piles, piles and underground diaphragm walls.
The maintenance system of SSAW pipe piles is safe, reliable, inexpensive, high quality and efficient, widely used in urban construction, residential buildings, energy, municipalities, transportation, water conservancy construction of SSAW pipe piles, squeeze expansion piles, soft foundation treatment and urban high-rise foundation treatment. It has the features of no restriction of groundwater level, high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, strong overload capacity and high degree of mechanization and automation.
SSAW pipe piles maintenance should be recorded. Before working on new SSAW pipe piles, each mechanism, running parts, hydraulic system should be refueled or greased according to the "hydraulic oil lubricating oil use schedule". The brass bushings at both ends of the main winch reel should be greased every shift. The bracket chain wheel, guide wheel and drive wheel should be greased at least once a week, and the tracks should be idled off the ground when refilling.
The guide wheel of SSAW pipe piles should be greased when the guide wheel is rotating, and the grease benefit should be observed. If there is no grease benefit, and the oiling pressure is high or cannot be added, the track and guide wheel should be dismantled to clear the oil channel. The exposed gears of main winch, power head tile of column guide and inclined support screw should be checked daily for lubrication and filled with lubricating grease in time.
The SSAW pipe piles hydraulic system should be checked daily and the hydraulic oil should be replenished in time when deficiencies are found. Inclined support ball head seat should be lubricated with oil, daily inspection and timely replenishment.Wire and cable joints, oil pipe joints, easy to collide and friction, should be added to the set or protected with a protective SSAW pipe piles.
When working daily should carefully check whether the power head, or vibration hammer flange bolts, running mechanism bolts and nuts are loose.When working daily should pay attention to the inclined support filament under the ball seat there is no up and down crosstalk phenomenon, if crosstalk should immediately stop working, remove the end cover under the outstretched beam, so that the inclined support under pressure, fasten the lower end of the nut and lock, if necessary, weld the screw with electric welding.
If necessary, weld the nut with electric welding. When the temperature drops below zero in winter, check whether there is water in the projecting beam, and remove the water in time to prevent the nut from loosening due to freezing.When the inclined support rotates of SSAW pipe piles, should pay attention to observe whether there is swinging phenomenon, if there is swinging, replace the guiding copper sleeve or copper nut in the inclined support in time.
Observe the main SSAW pipe piles of the structural parts for open weld cracks and other phenomena every day when working, and deal with the problems in time. If the problem is more serious should notify the manufacturer to assist in solving.When maintenance requires welding, the ground wire must be reliably connected to the welding part.Steel wire rope should be checked and maintained according to the relevant standards.Matching mechanism according to the matching manual requirements for use and maintenance.


text:
- More example sentences
- He taught them drills based on Indian yoga practices which resembled the movements of the 18 main animals in the Indo-Chinese iconography.
- This missile like structure, which commemorates the Indo-Chinese War of 1940-41, serves as transport hub for Bangkok.
- I had Indo-Chinese fried fish which was even better than I remembered.
Pronunciation: /CHīˈnēz, -ˈnēs/adjective & noun
Definition of Indo-China in:
- The British & World English dictionary


text:
How can you tell that this visual pun was created by a north American? Because it doesn't quite work in BrE or, therefore, in Australian/NZ/South African English.
Why not? First, and obviously, because in BrE barium has the stressed vowel eə while bury has e. So for us Brits barium sounds different from bury 'em. But in AmE they are homophonous.
But secondly, I think, because we don't use the form 'em for them as freely as Americans seem to. Our weak form of them is generally ðəm, with the initial consonant retained. As the OED (1891) comments under 'em,
The emphatic form of the pronoun was early superseded by THEM pron., but the unstressed form continued to be used, being regarded as an abbreviation of them. In literature it is now obs. or arch., but is still common in familiar speech.
Obsolete or archaic… yes, but not really "still common in familiar speech" (or so it seems to me). Rather, as far as I am concerned it seems to be generally restricted to a few set formulaic expressions such as If you can't beat 'em, join 'em and give 'em the money. Beyond that, them can lose (or assimilate) its ð in the same way as that, the or they when following z in phrases such as is that, was the, claims they, sees them.
When I was a small child we spent family holidays in a friend's unimproved rural Yorkshire cottage called, for some reason, Buryemwick 'Bury them alive'. But if asked what to do with dead cats, for example, we'd never have said "bury 'em", but rather "bury them".
It would also be possible to take the final əm of barium as representing not 'em but him ('im) — but only in an accent of English that has lost the contrast between ɪ and ə in this position, as in often the case in AmE but generally not the case in English English.


Nomination Summary for Thiophene (N82308)
Nominated Substances: Thiophene
Nomination Date: 12/00/1981
Nominator: NCI
Rationale: Toxicological effects not well characterized, suspicion that thiophene moiety in methapyrilene may contribute to carcinogenicity of that antihistamine
NTP Principles: Pre 1993 - 3, 4
Agents and Status
The following information relates to the specific agent and may include history from earlier or later nominations for this same agent.
CASRN: 110-02-1
Agent Name: Thiophene


text:
lific Niall Ferguson obliquely raises the question: wouldn't Europe (and the world) be happier if Islam still had a hold on the West? Al-Qaeda's longings for Andalusia and the Algarve apart, the truth is that Southern Spain (until 1498) and Portugal (until 1297) were very happy under Muslim rule. Isn't it sad that the three great monotheistic religions, plus the great atheist belief, can't live together anymore? [ NYT registration required. Via Arts and Letters Daily.
posted by MiguelCardoso
on Apr 8, 2004 -
On October 17, 1815, following The 100 Days
and Waterloo, Napoleon
on the Island of St Helena
, where he would remain until his death
) in 1821. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1502
, St Helena had a long and interesting history before Napoleon arrived
, but that history was overshadowed
by the story of the Emperor's last years, living in captive exile
at the simple yet beautiful
Longwood House. Victorians had an insatiable interest
for information about the remote island
. Today, the picturesque Island
is a a tiny bit of England
in the South Atlantic, where coffee
(indeed, what some might call pilgrimages
) are the main sources of income.
posted by anastasiav
on Oct 17, 2003 -
Images of medieval architecture.
A great site put together by Alison Stones, Professor of History of Art and Architecture at the University of Pittsburgh. There are two large gazetteers, one for Britain
, and one for France
. Besides photos, there are many plans, sketches and elevation drawings, which help to give an idea of the sheer scale of gothic cathedrals such as the cathedral of Saint-Étienne at Bourges
(scroll down for the human figures at the bottom).
posted by carter
on Jun 29, 2003 -


text:
Job Title:R&D Director
Create intermediate and high moisture pet food products that are stabilized with probiotic fermentation technology.
Create intermediate and high moisture pet food products that are manufactured with environmentally sustainable vegetable proteins (fabricated meat analogs), instead of using animal protein.
Create intermediate and high moisture pet food products that are manufactured with meat analogs and stabilized with probiotic fermentation technology.
Lead and train cross functional teams to ensure intermediate and high moisture pet food products that use fermentation technologies and meat analog technologies are:
Organoleptically similar to meat (as viewed by pet owners) and superior to competitor's meat-based products.
Parity or better in palatability versus competitor's meat-based products as measured in kennel and cattery testing. This is especially true to the cat products.
Parity or better shelf life to competitor meat (accelerated storage testing).
Efficacious for Felines and Canines (live probiotics and non-live metabolites sufficient).
Nutritionally complete and balanced for all life stages.
Lower cost without compromising product performance.
Suitable for export from the US to overseas markets in Asia and Europe.
Define, research and develop innovative intermediate and high moisture pet food products that utilize cultured meat analogs and fermentation technologies.
Develop strategy for performance improvement of existing intermediate and high moisture pet food products through nutritional upgrades and technical advancements.
Design product development and manufacturing process from concept to industrial scale, including product performance, quality, cost, safety, IP, and marketing requirements.
Create product brief in conjunction with the Nutritional and Marketing teams, and ensure all organoleptic for human/animal, and safety requirements are integrated into the product design and development steps.
Investigate, identify, research, and design new ingredients and new process controls for manufacturing.
EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENT:Requires aBachelor's degree in Food Science and 8 years of experience in job offered or 8 years of experience in the Related Occupation.
Research and Development Manager or any other job title performing the following job duties:
Creating meat analogs that was highly palatable and nutritionally complete and balanced.
Developing strains of probiotics that achieve product shelf life stability for meat analog based products.
Supervising research and development activities of novel pet food products and also human food products.
Managing product development team for human food and pet food.
Developing and training employees and related departments for troubleshooting problems (quality control, food safety, etc.) in manufacturing human and pet food products.
Researching and surveying pet markets in other countries, and providing the operation, quality and export team with insights and knowledge of those markets in various parts of the world, including Asia and Europe using experience in product development, production and quality control of pet food export to global market such as Asia, Europe, America, South Africa, Middle East, etc.
Enhancing performance of existing products through nutritional upgrades and technical advancements.
Serving as the technical team leader for troubleshooting problems in manufacturing human food and pet food products. Performing project management involving customers and suppliers to address technical issues and provide guidance on development of human food and pet food products.
Executing product development from concept to industrial scale.
Developing human food and pet food formulations that are aligned to the product brief and meet cost and operational requirements.
Reviewing product briefs with the customer and ensure all organoleptic and consumer requirements are integrated into the product design and development steps.
Investigating, identifying, researching, and designing new ingredients and new process controls for manufacturing.
Establishing and implementing processes and product specifications, ingredient specifications and purchasing specifications.
Identifying new ingredients, packaging, and equipment to more efficiently and capably manufacture and test human and pet food products.
Reviewing and assuring new ingredients and new products to comply regulations and guidelines of food/Pet food with HACCP team.
Cooperating as an internal auditor and a team member for ISO 9000, ISO 17025, ISO 14000, HACCP, BRC, GMP, HACCP and food safety.
JOB TIME: Full Time
To apply: Please email your résumé and cover letter to _EMAIL_.


text:
Forearm vascular responses to arginine vasopressin (AVP) infused into a brachial artery in a wide range of infusion rates (0.05-2.0 ng/kg per min) were examined in 20 young healthy volunteers. Intraarterial AVP at lower doses (0.05 and 0.1 ng/kg per min) caused forearm vasoconstriction, whereas AVP at a dose of 0.2 ng/kg per min or higher caused forearm vasodilatation. The maximal forearm vasoconstriction was induced at the venous plasma AVP level of 76.3 ± 8.8 pg/ml. Forearm vasodilatation was associated with the venous plasma VP level of 369 ± 43 pg/ml or higher. Forearm vasodilatation was the result of the direct effect of AVP since forearm blood flow and vascular resistance in the contralateral arm did not change. We attempted to explore the mechanisms involved in AVP-induced direct vasodilatation. The treatment with indomethacin, 75 mg/d for 3 d, did not alter AVP-induced forearm vasodilatation. In contrast, intraarterial infusion of isoosmolar CaCl2 totally prevented AVP-induced forearm vasodilatation. Intraarterial CaCl2 also markedly attenuated forearm vasodilatation induced by intraarterial sodium nitroprusside, but did not alter forearm vasodilatation induced by intraarterial isoproterenol. These results indicate that the direct vascular effects of intraarterial AVP on the forearm vessels are biphasic, causing vasoconstriction at lower doses and vasodilatation at higher doses. The direct vasodilatation induced by intraarterial AVP at higher doses is not mediated by prostaglandins but may involve cGMP-related mechanisms.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


Quick Answer: Are There Any Islands That Are Not Owned?
What's the cheapest island to buy?
According to Official eTA, the cheapest continent to purchase an island is South America, where the average cost per acre is $1,147.
There, the least expensive location (Chile) costs $405 an acre, while private islands Argentina can be picked up for as little as $867 per acre..
Who owns the most expensive island?
Does Beyonce own an island?
Yes. Beyonce Knowles-Carter owns an Island. Beyonce and Jay Z acquired a 360-acre wild island filled with tall hardwood trees, a natural harbour and lush scenery.
How many uninhabited islands are there?
million uninhabited islandsHow many uninhabited islands are there in the world? A. There may be as many as a couple million uninhabited islands in the world. Sweden, for instance, counts 221,831 islands within its borders, and only 1,145 have people living on them.
Can you claim an uninhabited island?
Thanks to a 19th century law, Americans can lay claim to any uninhabited island with birdshit on it.
Is there any unclaimed land in the US?
Is there anywhere on earth still unexplored?
Several mountains in Himalayan country Bhutan are believed to be unconquered, namely the world's largest unclimbed mountain: Gangkhar Puensum. Unexplored areas around the world also include small islands, such as Pitcairn Island off of New Zealand, and Palmerston Island in the South Pacific.
What is the most uninhabited place on earth?
Danakil Depression1. Ethiopia's Danakil Depression and its landscape, which consists of burning salt, volcanic rock, and sulfuric acid, is considered the most uninhabitable place on Earth.
Can I start my own country?
Creating a new country isn't as easy as you think. As tempting as it might be to declare your cubicle a sovereign state, customary international law actually does specify minimum standards for statehood. You must have a defined territory. … Your government must be capable of interacting with other states.
Can you claim an island in international waters?
What is the wealthiest island in the world?
Trinidad and Tobago. In addition to being the wealthiest country in the Caribbean region, the twin-island nation of Trinidad and Tobago has one of the highest per capita Gross Domestic Products (GDP) in the entire Western Hemisphere, coming third after the United States and Canada.
Are there any islands not claimed?
In 2014, author Alastair Bonnett described Bir Tawil as the only place on Earth that was habitable but was not claimed by any recognised government.
What states give free land?
Who survived the longest on a deserted island?
Could a billionaire buy a country?
What state has the cheapest land?
How much does 1 acre on the moon cost?
"There is a loophole in the treaty—it does not apply to individuals." Since then, he's sold more than 611 million acres of land on the moon. Individual, one-acre lots sell for $19.95 ($36.50 after a "lunar tax" and shipping and handling of the deed) and there are discounts for larger plots.
Who owns the largest private island?
The biggest island in our round-up, Lanai (aka Pineapple Island) is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian islands. Oracle billionaire Larry Ellison owns a whopping 98% of the land on Lanai.
Do laws apply on private islands?
Virtually all islands in the world are claimed and governed by some national government. That nation's laws apply, and any attempt by the owner to claim sovereignty would generally be unrealistic. … Some islands can be bought undeveloped, while others already have roads and/or houses. Islands are also available for rent.
Can I build my own island in international waters?
It could be done, but it would be a major technical and financial effort. First, you'd have to locate your country-to-be outside of everyone else's 200-mile maritime Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs). For reference, the areas open for development are those in white. Next, you'd have to build your island.
Can I buy an island and make it a country?


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Jan. 17, 2013 A team of researchers led by Professor Maharaj K. Pandit from the University Scholars Programme at the National University of Singapore (NUS) found that unprecedented dam building in the Indian Himalaya holds serious consequences for biodiversity and could pose a threat to human lives and livelihoods.
Prof Pandit, who also holds a courtesy appointment with the Department of Geography at the NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, and his team at the University of Delhi and the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences investigated close to 300 dams and related hydropower infrastructure on the Himalayan rivers across some of the biggest river basins in the world, namely the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra. The study, co-funded by NUS, was published in the journal Science in January 2013 as well as other scientific journals such as Conservation Biology, PLOS ONE and cited in a Nature article in 2012.
Impact of dam-building activities on biodiversity
Using field data and modelling, the researchers discovered that almost 90% of the Himalayan valleys would be affected by dam building and that 27% of these dams would affect dense forests with unique biodiversity. The team projected that dam-related activities will submerge and destroy about 170,000 hectares of forests. The researchers also predicted that the dam density in the Himalaya is likely to be about 62 times greater than the current global average, which would result in deforestation and the extinction of 22 flowering plants and 7 vertebrate species.
Impact of dam-building activities on human lives
Furthermore, the study found that water volume is the main driver of the richness of fish species in the rivers. Water withdrawals due to massive dam building activity would seriously undermine fish survival and diversity, fragment habitats and limit fish migration in these rivers, with long-term consequences for the livelihoods of fishermen.
Besides threatening biodiversity, the study also revealed the impact of dam-building activities on human lives and livelihoods. Due to high population density, dams have displaced Indian citizens for decades.
Prof Pandit opined, "We are deeply aware of the country's need to develop economically. However, there is a need to balance development and not venture into haphazard dam building without caring for biodiversity and people."
Recommendations to improve dam-building projects
The findings from the study highlight the need for sustainable power development. In their paper published in Science, Prof Pandit and his co-author Dr Edward Grumbine from the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences provided suggestions to improve the planning and implementation of India's proposed Himalaya hydropower projects such as the reduction of power losses during transmission and distribution.
Prof Pandit sees an important role for Singapore in this area. He explained, "The power infrastructure in India is worn out and needs to be updated. Singapore has the technological know-how in the maintenance of transmission and distribution networks and this is a golden opportunity for Singapore to provide expertise to aid India's efforts on environmental conservation."
Further research into biodiversity and conservation
Prof Pandit will continue his research on the impact of water withdrawals on the biodiversity of Himalayan rivers at NUS. His research will focus on the large number of endemic species inhabiting the marshy habitats and the floodplains in the Himalayan foothills, such as the one-horned rhino, which are likely to go extinct due to upstream water withdrawals.
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- R. E. Grumbine, M. K. Pandit. Threats from India's Himalaya Dams. Science, 2013; 339 (6115): 36 DOI: 10.1126/science._PHONE_
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


such as:
'selectors_dictionary' => [
 'top' => 'flex-start',
 'middle' => 'center',
 'bottom' => 'flex-end',
'selectors' => [
 '{{WRAPPER}}.elementor-price-table__currency' => 'align-self: {{VALUE}}',
Or use it for multiple declarations expanded from single-word options:
'selectors_dictionary' => [
 'left' => 'right: auto; left: 0',
 'right' => 'left: auto; right: 0',
'selectors' => [
 '{{WRAPPER}}.elementor-wc-products ul.products li.product span.onsale' =>
Don't forget CSS variables and calc!
One thing I like about programming is that it's like a puzzle. Before you ditch the selectors in favor of writing a more elaborate code to handle values, think again. Almost everything can be solved with the tools I present here. Especially when you remember that besides leveraging dynamic values of selectors in Elementor, you could:
A combination like this allowed me to create a single slider to control two different things, depending on the value of another setting
The following defines a CSS variable, and is from the Scale % slider:
'selectors' => [
 '{{WRAPPER}}.sde' => '--sde-scale-percentage: {{SIZE}};'
I use that CSS variable in two places. One is the Scale the cropped switch that simulates toggling between two selectors. The variable gets passed on to another (for use by Gap, see it later). When the switcher is on:
'selectors' => [
 '{{WRAPPER}}.sde' =>
 'transform: scale(var(--sde-scale-percentage)) scale(0.01);
 --sde-scale-pct-for-gap: var(--sde-scale-percentage);'
There is a hidden control that depends on the switch being off and contains a similar declaration but with another selector (notice it).
'condition' => [
 'scale_the_cropped!' => 'cropped'
'selectors' => [
 '{{WRAPPER}}.sde svg' =>
As an extra, the Gap setting has this:
'selectors' => [
 '{{WRAPPER}}.sde' =>
 calc({{SIZE}}{{UNIT}} / (var(--sde-scale-pct-for-gap, 100) / 100)) 0;'
There you go, calc with a variable that even has a fallback! The Gap means some extra space above and below an element (with padding). But if transforms scale that, some math should counteract the adjustment. The equation doubles the gap for something that's at half size. When not scaling the whole thing, this is not needed, hence the fallback (100/100).
Stacking transforms
You might ask, why the variable, why the double scale? I wanted to give users the usual 0-100 slider, so the value is a given. There had to be a way to divide it by 100. Initially, it looked like this:
transform: scale(calc(var(--sde-scale-percentage) / 100));
But Edge doesn't support calc() in transforms, bummer. We get the same effect by stacking transforms of the same type, as browsers perform them sequentially.
A scale(0.01) is just a division by 100.
When developing SVG Divider for Elementor, I relied on selectors to minimize the number of settings that visibly reload or re-init the widget in the live editor. Check it out for more examples on how these work in real life, or as always, learn from Elementor's code. For my research, I scanned about a thousand uses of 'selectors' in both pro and free. Furthermore, I went on their Github to grasp the more advanced pieces that they don't even use. So, I hope this article covered everything.
Elementor's relevant source file:
 1. elementor/core/files/css/base.php
 2. Look for the add_control_rules() method.
By now, you should be familiar with selectors in Elementor controls. If you treat this concept as a puzzle and think hard, you'll come up with solutions that don't require any other code. Don't hesitate to share your thoughts and questions in the comments below!
Did you learn anything new about'selectors'?
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Learning - When You Want It, Where You Want It
OSIsoft recently released a new offering called the "On Demand Library". This library is in the form of voice and video recordings that are designed to be as easy-to-use as possible. They are based on the same tasks and objectives that form the basis for our classroom training. Users can search for the instruction they need, or go through the videos as if they were in a classroom setting. The Library also contains access to our Virtual Learning Lab environment, where users can test their new skills in real-time using a PI System "sandbox." During this presentation, Nick D'Orazio, E-Learning Manager and Pablo Benvenuto, Instructional Technologist, will discuss the subscription model, including pricing, options, access for EA customers and browser requirements. They will also cover the Virtual Labs, new trends in training and the future direction of the OSIsoft online training offering. As part of the presentation they will show how to register and launch the On Demand Library successfully. They will also demo the new features such as search, the content currently searchable and the Virtual Environment.


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Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria
Born 30 July 1934 in Wieringermeer, Netherlands; died 10 December 2017.
Piet Kuiper grew up on a farm in the Wieringermeer. From an early age he was interested in field biology, especially plants and mushrooms. He joined the Dutch Youth Association for Nature Study, where he held various positions.
He obtained the degree of engineer in horticultural plant cultivation in 1958 at the Agricultural College in Wageningen and obtained his doctorate there in 1961 on The effects of environmental factors on the transpiration of leaves, with special reference to stomatal light response on the effect of different colors of light on opening and closing of stomata. He was then appointed as a researcher at this institution and worked for some time as a researcher in the United States.
Around 1980, together with the microbiologist and ecologist Jan Woldendorp, the plant ecologist Peter van der Aart and the Groningen geneticist Wilke van Delden, he led the so-called Plantago project, in which dozens of ecologists, physiologists and geneticists conducted research on plantain species.
He was also involved in research into the effects of air pollution on wild plants and research into stress factors and commercial plant species such as the tomato.
He retired on 1 January 1999.
After his retirement he continued to be involved in plant research, including field trips to Australia and Papua New Guinea.
In addition, as a renowned and enthusiastic mushroom expert, he continued to regularly advise on the toxicity and picking of mushrooms.
He was a keen photographer, he took many photos of the Australian flora and was generous with their distribution.
Kuiper married the sociologist Cécile Marguerite Hélène Lapré (born Djokjakarta, June 6, 1936) on 5 July 1958. He regularly conducted botanical field research with her.
Together they took their own lives on 10 December, 2017.
Source: Extracted from: _URL_
Portrait Photo: Fagg, M., 2006


Here's How The Average Korean Will Look In 2100 According To Scientists
Through artificial smart image technology, pictures of average Korean faces from the past, present, and the future were produced to show how Koreans looked like. These images were created by historians and facial reconstruction experts based on skulls of ancient Koreans.
1. Ancient Koreans of 12,000 years agoThe generated faces have the distinct traits of North Eastern Asians.
2. The Silla Dynasty (57 BC – 935 AD)The average faces shifted significantly as blood was mixed with people who migrated south from Northern Siberia.
A round oval shaped face and small lips are the most significant traits.
3. Goryeo Period 918 ~ 2017Migration of foreign people became less common since the beginning of Goryeo Dynasty.
Through Korea's unification in the Chosun period, Korean faces became close to what the average face is in present-day South Korea.
4. 2050As multinational families with neighboring Asian countries become more prevalent, South East Asian features may start to become more accentuated by 2050.
5. 2100By 2100, it is expected one out of every 5 households will be a multinational family.
The average Korean face is expected to most likely reflect traits from multiple Asian nations.


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Methane Control In Highwall Mining; Handbook For Methane Control In Mining
Description:In This Chapter [How inert gas works to prevent methane explosions How inert gas is generated and delivered at highwall mines Volume and quality requirements for inert gas at highwall mines How an inert gas system is operated and Precautions to take during mining to prevent methane explosions] This chapter discusses a method, originally developed by Volkwein and Ulery , to prevent methane explosions during highwall mining. In highwall mining, a horizontal auger or a mining machine enters the coal seam from a surface mine pit at the bottom of a highwall, and the coal is mined out from a series of parallel holes. Explosions can be prevented by injecting inert gas into each hole as it is mined. Coal near the surface has lost most of its methane gas over time. However, in recent years, surface mining has been used for deeper reserves of coal. This trend toward mining deeper reserves has increased the chance of encountering methane, and methane explosions at highwall mining operations have resulted in injuries. HOW INERT GAS WORKS TO PREVENT METHANE EXPLOSIONS A methane explosion requires the presence of sufficient amounts of both methane and oxygen, as well as an ignition source. If the methane cannot be reduced and the ignition source cannot be eliminated, then explosions may be prevented by adding an inert gas, which contains little to no oxygen, to the mixture [FWQA 1970]. Just how much inert gas must be added depends on the mining rate, as well as the composition of the inert gas. An explosibility diagram can be used to show whether a methane mixture is explosive after inert gas is added [Zabetakis et al. 1959] (Figure 10-1). This diagram indicates that gas mixtures fall into one of three range categories explosive, explosive when mixed with air, and nonexplosive depending on the percentage of methane and percentage of effective inert. Effective inert is calculated from the percentage of excess nitrogen 3 and percentage of carbon dioxide in the mixture.
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Q: When you're grateful, what exactly are you full of?
A: You're full of gratitude, of course. But what you're really asking is, what is "grate"?
The "grate" that a "grateful" person is full of, according to John Ayto's Dictionary of Word Origins, "is a now obsolete adjective, meaning 'pleasing' and 'thankful.' "
The old modifier—derived from gratus, a Latin adjective meaning agreeable, pleasing, or thankful—had its heyday in the 1500s and 1600s, according to citations in the Oxford English Dictionary.
"Grateful is a curious sort of adjective," Ayto writes. "It is unusual for adjectives ending in -ful themselves to be formed from adjectives, and it has been suggested in this case that the related Italian gradevole 'pleasing' may have had some influence."
The OED notes that the Italian word was also spelled gratevole, and that the English usage may have been influenced by "an accidental resemblance" between the Italian -vole and the English "-ful" endings.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Oxford says, "grateful" was one of several new words that showed up in English with adjectives attached to the suffix "-ful." Others were "direful," "tristful," and "fierceful."
The Latin adjective gratus has given English several other words, including "gratify," "gratitude," and "gratuity." And the related Latin noun gratia (grace, kindness) has given English "grace" and "gratis."
Check out our books about the English language


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their livelihoods and seek work elsewhere. The population of the county as a whole fell from 12,409 in 1930 to 10,659 in 1940.
During the late 1940s agricultural prices began to rebound, but the farming economy did not fully recover until after World War II. Oil, discovered in the county in 1952, helped some cash-strapped farmers to settle long-standing debts, but oil production in Floyd County has been modest compared with that of other counties in the region; between 1952 and 1990 only 123,510 barrels were produced, with an annual production in the late 1980s of around 3,000 barrels.
Since World War II Floyd County has remained a leader in agricultural production. In the years after the war, wheat production continued to grow and cotton made a strong recovery. In 1950 Floyd County farmers grew 2,758,000 bushels of wheat, and 47,332 bales of cotton. Alfalfa, corn, popcorn, and sorghum were also raised in large quantities. Large-scale irrigation was introduced after the war, and by the early 1950s some 150,000 acres were irrigated. Subsequently, agricultural production continued to grow. In the early 1990s more than 220,000 acres was under irrigation and the county's farmers were earning an average $75 million a year. Most of the receipts came from cotton, wheat, vegetables, soybeans, corn, sunflowers, beef cattle, and hogs. Floyd County remained a leading cotton-producing area; twenty-one cotton gins operated in the county in 1990. Additional sources of income included the production of farm machinery and race cars, meat and vegetable processing, and other agribusinesses. Floydada is the site of the Texas A&M Engineering Extension Service. In 1982, 98 percent of the land in the county was in farms and ranches, with 70 percent of the land under cultivation and 59 percent irrigated. Floyd County ranked twenty-first in the state in agricultural receipts, with 75 percent coming from crops. Primary crops were soybeans, sunflowers, cotton, wheat, sorghum, and corn; onions, bell peppers, cucumbers, and pecans were also grown in sizable quantities. The leading livestock products were cattle, milk, and hogs.
The total number of businesses in the county in the early 1980s was 189. In 1980, 24 percent of the labor force was self-employed, 19 percent was employed in professional or related services, 6 percent in manufacturing, 19 percent in wholesale and retail trade, 34 percent in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining, and 9 percent in other counties; 894 retired workers lived in the county. Nonfarm earnings in 1981 totaled $68,652,000.
In the early 1980s Floyd County had four school districts, with five elementary, two middle, and two high schools. The average daily attendance in 1981–82 was 2,057, with expenditures per pupil of $2,494. Twenty-two percent of the 127 high school graduates planned to attend college. In 1983, 41 percent of the school graduates were white, 55 percent Hispanic, 5 percent black, and 0.3 percent Asian.
The first churches in Floyd County were established shortly after the organization of the county. In the mid-1980s the county had twenty-eight organized churches, with a estimated combined membership of 8,997. The largest denominations were Baptist, Catholic, and United Methodist. Historically Floyd County has been staunchly Democratic, although Republicans made strong inroads after 1960, particularly in presidential elections and some statewide races. Between 1960 and 1988 Republican presidential candidates received the majority of votes in every race except for Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968 and Jimmy Carter in 1976. Democratic officials, however, continued to maintain control of most county offices.
The population of Floyd County grew between 1950 and 1960 from 10,535 to 12,369, but afterward fell steadily as residents gradually moved away to find jobs. The population was 11,044 in 1970, 9,834 in 1980, and 8,497 in 1990. In 1990, nearly half of the population lived in Floydada (4,193). Other communities included Lockney, Aiken, Barwise, Cedar Hill, Dougherty, Lakeview, Lone Star, McCoy, Mickey, Muncy, Sandhill, South Plains, and Sterley. In 1990, 65 percent of the population was white, 3.8 percent black, 39.8 percent Hispanic, and 0.2 percent Asian. The largest ancestry groups are English, Hispanic, and Irish.
The area is popular with hunters and fishermen, particularly in the fall and winter. The Old Settlers Day Reunion held in Floydada and the Floyd County Fair in Lockney are among the main tourist attractions.
Floyd County Historical Museum, History of Floyd County, 1876–1979 (Dallas: Taylor, 1979). Claude V. Hall, Early History of Floyd County (Canyon, Texas: Panhandle-Plains Historical Society, 1947). Pauline D. and R. L. Robertson, Cowman's Country: Fifty Frontier Ranches in the Texas Panhandle, 1876–1887 (Amarillo: Paramount, 1981).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.H. Allen Anderson and Christopher Long, "FLOYD COUNTY," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 19, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


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Review phases of the moon
Earth Science by J FoDiPi
Review the seasons while playing a fun game!
Rapid Fire Black Holes
Facts about black holes
This game will assess your knowledge of astronomy terms dealing with the characteristics of stars.
Clash of the Models: Solar System
In this game there is one model that is going to win it all. You can decide which one.
The Moon and Stars: Space Science Review
The moon and the stars space science review quiz.
The Solar System
Solar System Facts
𝑮𝑬𝑹𝑯𝑨𝑵𝑨 𝑻𝑨𝑯𝑼𝑵 6
𝓖𝓔𝓡𝓗𝓐𝓝𝓐 𝓣𝓐𝓗𝓤𝓝 6
Choose the correct answer