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Managing progressive erosion and chasm enlargement risks in a high rainfall environment at Ok Tedi copper-gold mine
Ok Tedi is a large open pit copper-gold mine situated at an altitude of 2000 m above sea level in the Star Mountains of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. Current excavated slopes range from 500 m to 800 m in height and planned future slopes will be 1000 m high. Annual precipitation in excess of 12 000 mm has been recorded adjacent to the mine site. Rainfall is monitored at eight locations around the pit with average annual rainfall being 10 000 mm. Rainfall can be intense and localised, with the Southern Dumps typically receiving 10 per cent more rainfall than the Northern Dumps (four km apart). Although rainfall occurs relatively steadily throughout the year, June to August typically receive rain in the order of 200 mm or 20 per cent more rainfall than the other months of the year (Bar, Kuira & Semi, 2014).
Surface water runoff generated during high intensity rain events initiates localised erosion on benches and bench faces on a daily basis. In zones of friable and highly fractured rock, the erosion quickly leads to undercutting geological structures, enabling small-scale block toppling, planar and wedge sliding mechanisms to occur. When uncontrolled, the problem progressively worsens leading to the development of large chasms along major geological structures and within weak shear zones on pit slopes.
Chasms of up to 240 m high and 220 m wide have developed at Ok Tedi as illustrated in Figure 1. It is important to emphasise that in the context of this article, each chasm formed over a significant period of time from months to several years and was not a catastrophic, single-event slope failure. For example, chasm W3 in Figure 1 was initiated as a localised single bench failure and progressively enlarged to its present size over a ten year period, even after Ok Tedi invested considerable remedial effort and expense in attempts to control its growth. The remedial efforts included sophisticated ground control monitoring, establishment of new access ramps down the slope face, construction of new drains for diversion of surface water runoff away from the chasm footprint, ground stabilisation and chasm crest, toe and slope face dewatering. All of this remedial activity had to be accommodated within the daily framework of other pit mining activity and completed in often extremely poor weather conditions.
Ok Tedi comprises several lithologies ranging from weak sedimentary rocks, such as mudstone, to strong igneous intrusions, such as monzonite porphyry. The Ok Tedi copper-gold deposit is structurally complex with several phases of structural deformation and intrusive activity. Figure 2 shows an indicative geological cross-section. Major geological features include:
- The Taranaki and Parrot's Beak Thrust Faults had displaced strata over considerable regional distances and resulted in the observed repetition of limestone and siltstone units in the Ok Tedi pit area. The thrust faults were later domed during the intrusion emplacement.
- Gleeson Shear Zone (or fracture zone) is a portion of the west wall which is host to weak, highly sheared and fractured rock masses.
The groundwater regime comprises of two notable perched water tables above the major thrust faults as illustrated in Figure 2. Both perched water tables are recharged by rainfall and downslope surface water runoff. Historically, the west wall slope has been depressurised with the use of horizontal drain holes. However, due to adverse drilling conditions in the Gleeson Shear Zone, almost no horizontal drains were drilled in the vicinity of chasm W3.
Chasm enlargement mechanisms and historic remedial efforts
The chasms have enlarged by a combination of different modes of instability. However, in all circumstances, uncontrolled surface water flow had initiated and progressively eroded and undercut the walls of the chasms. Wall failure modes include block toppling, planar and wedge sliding along pervasive structures and slip circle failure through weak rock and residual soil masses. By way of example, Figure 3 illustrates the localised wedge failure mechanism which contributed to the enlargement of chasm S3 below the haul road:
- Friable material in upper benches had been shotcreted to minimise erosion; horizontal weep holes of up to 15 m depth were drilled into the face to reduce pore pressures in the benches.
- Combination of surface water runoff from rainfall and groundwater from weep holes progressively eroded cohesive elements within wedge defect planes on unsupported lower bench.
- Small wedge on lower bench fails after a high intensity rainfall event and undercuts the shotcreted bench above which failed shortly thereafter.
- From the location in Figure 3, this mechanism progressed vertically upwards 45 m, and down a further 15 m for a period of approximately nine months before it was arrested by competent rock mass conditions in the slope.
Lined drainage systems have been implemented to enable efficient water flow, reduce scouring and prevent surface water flowing down slopes.
- Chasm wall failures damaging lined drains above the crest of Chasm W3 have been the prime driver for the enlargement observed between 2013 and 2015 (Figure 4).
- Reinstatement of lined drains diverting surface water away from Chasm W3 in 2013 and 2014 assisted in reducing the rate of chasm enlargement.
Over the last decade, numerous ground support methods have been trialed to arrest chasm enlargement with varying degrees of success. These include:
- Grouted piles (typically 15 m deep) at the crest of benches and access ramps above and below chasms. These temporarily reduced the rate of enlargement in Chasm W3 for a period of approximately 12 months (Figure 4).
- Mesh and shotcrete of highly friable bench faces which temporarily reduced the rate of erosion above Chasm W3. However, this was unsuccessful in portions above Chasm W3 where shotcrete failed from excess pore pressure build up behind the face, even with the installation of weep holes.
- Rock-filled gabion baskets and large concrete blocks to reduce toe erosion. Gabion baskets temporarily reduced the rate of toe erosion at Chasm W3 before being undercut and failing due to excess surface water flow. Large concrete blocks were successfully used for 2-3 years to temporarily arrest Chasm W3 toe erosion and enlargement.
The major risks associated with the chasms are:
- safety risks associated with uncontrolled ground movement resulting from progressive failures in the chasms could result in major consequences such as serious injuries, fatalities and equipment damage
- economic risks involving short-term production losses due to haul road blockage following failure events, particularly associated with Chasm W3
- economic risks involving permanent loss of access to the ore body through the continued enlargement and potential joining of Chasms W3 and S3.
The economic risks are being managed through ongoing review and maintenance of surface water drainage and the construction of secondary and tertiary haul roads to access the ore body. Chasm W3 enlargements in 2013 and 2014, which substantially impaired mine production for several weeks, have significantly increased the priority of these remedial efforts.
Safety risks are being managed with a combination of operational and slope monitoring controls:
- Implementation geotechnical hazard awareness and daily inspections and hazard reviews.
- Debris catchment bunds and traffic management on haul road (lighting towers during night shift and spotters to divert traffic if debris flows are initiated).
- Slope monitoring systems are used for the early detection of slope instabilities and are currently capable of detecting movements of less 10 m2 of the slope face. Two levels of deformation alarm thresholds have been set to prompt geotechnical engineers to:
- carry out inspections and rigorously review the monitoring data
- instigate critical monitoring restricting or pit access altogether.
High rainfall coupled with a highly-friable rock mass has created a challenging mining environment where erosion-driven instabilities have been observed to progressively enlarge from a 15 m high bench failure to a 200 m plus high chasm.
While in their infancy (less than 50 m high), the enlargement of chasms has been greatly reduced or arrested with the use of ground support and effective surface and ground water management. Once chasms have enlarged beyond than 50 m high, surface water management has been considered the most economic method of reducing the rate of chasm growth until the slope is cut back.
Without these challenges and lessons learnt over the last decade, the operation would be less prepared for the 1 000m high west wall cutback which is currently in its early stages of mining. The following strategies are planned and currently being implemented for this cutback to protect the mine schedule:
- slope dewatering and depressurisation using horizontal drilling methods in weak, friable rock.
- ground support of benches and bench faces in weak and friable rock using grouted piles, mesh and shotcrete to reduce erosion and the likelihood of initiating chasms.
- development of ramp networks for surface water drainage and additional access to the ore body.
Bar, N., Kuira, P. & Semi, J. 2014, Managing risk associated with erosion-driven slope instabilities with ground support and surface water management in a high rainfall environment at Ok Tedi Copper-Gold Mine, Proceedings of Engineers Australia Convention 2014: Mastering Complex Projects 24-28 November 2014, Melbourne, Australia.


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By Stephen Nellis
(Reuters) - Computing networking pioneer Bob Metcalfe on Wednesday won the industry's most prestigious prize for the invention of the Ethernet, a technology that half a century after its creation remains the foundation of the internet.
The Ethernet is the standard connection for everything from servers inside data centers to telecommunications networks.
The Association for Computing Machinery credited Metcalfe, 76, with the Ethernet's "invention, standardization, and commercialization" in conferring its 2022 Turing Award, known as the Nobel prize of computing. It comes with a $1 million prize thanks to backing from Alphabet Inc's Google.
The Ethernet got its start when Metcalfe, who later went on to co-found computing network equipment maker 3Com, was asked to hook up the office printer.
In the early 1970s, he worked at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center, which had invented the personal computer and also a laser printer. Metcalfe sketched out a networking approach that would excel at connecting them together in way that could expand smoothly as the number of computers in the network rose - which helped pave the way for the internet.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The Missouri Sharecropper Protest of 1939, also known as the Missouri Sharecropper Strike, was a labor movement led by sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and agricultural workers in Missouri, United States. The protest was sparked by the poor working conditions and low wages faced by sharecroppers, who were primarily African American and lived in poverty.
The protest began in the summer of 1939 when sharecroppers and tenant farmers from across the state began to organize and demand better wages and working conditions from the large landowners they worked for. The demonstrators also demanded the right to unionize and have a voice in the conditions under which they worked.
The protest was met with fierce resistance from the landowners, who refused to negotiate with the sharecroppers and used intimidation and violence to break up the demonstrations. Despite this, the sharecroppers persisted and continued to organize, leading to strikes and protests throughout the state.
One of the most notable moments of the protest was the "March of the Sharecroppers," which took place in August 1939, when thousands of sharecroppers and tenant farmers marched to the state capital of Jefferson City to demand their rights. The march was met with a strong police presence, and many demonstrators were arrested or beaten.
The protest ultimately failed to achieve its goals, as the sharecroppers could not secure better wages or working conditions. However, it did bring national attention to the plight of sharecroppers and tenant farmers and helped to pave the way for future labor movements in the rural South.
The Missouri Sharecropper Protest of 1939 was a significant event in the history of labor and civil rights in the United States, highlighting the struggles and challenges faced by sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and agricultural workers, particularly African Americans, and their fight for fair treatment and rights, which was met with resistance and violence.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Hide project
You may not want to receive all notifications from your whole participated projects. For example, there's a participated project you might refer to it later, but not at the moment since you might not have specific roles in there. In this case, you can hide the project(you can search and participate in it later) and you won't be notified any updates from that project.
1. Inside of the project, choose the More(vertical ellipsis; next to the Brush icon) on the right side of the project title, and select 'Hide Project'.
2. Hidden projects can be viewed through the 'Hiding' in the Label section on the left side menu.
1. Select 'Info' in the bottom line of the project..
2. Select 'Hide'.
3. To view a hidden project, select view more(triple-lines) on the upper left corner of the main screen. Select 'Hiding'.
4. If you want to unhide the project, select 'Hiding' and go to the hidden project, then select 'Unhide' through the project information.
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After the computer board runs a complete program, and then power on again, the screen displays the last complete program (not only memorize the program, but also all the parameters of the program. Each program including parameters is memorized separately.)
1. Express wash program (15 minutes) does not memorize washing parameters, but memorize the program number. The washing parameter is the default value.
2. In the program that the default temperature value is less than 60℃, the temperature memorized cannot exceed 60℃.
3. The drying option of the washing program is not memorized (Note: drying procedure, such as single drying, air washing, etc., set the default value).
4. The special stains of the washing program are not memorized.
5. The spinning speed memorized cannot exceed 1000rpm.


text:
Definition of unkind :
1. Having no race or kindred; childless.
2. Not kind; contrary to nature, or the law of kind or kindred; unnatural.
3. Wanting in kindness, sympathy, benevolence, gratitude, or the like; cruel; harsh; unjust; ungrateful.
brutal, edged, remorseless, hard, monstrous, stinging, sadistic, rude, barbarous, severe, cruel, savage, awful, evil, pitiless, hurtful, spiteful, malicious, unsympathetic, unkindly, ruffianly, ruthless, rigorous, unpitying, inhuman, hateful, inhumane, uncharitable, heartless, mean, malignant, cutting, malevolent, harsh

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


1 What is university really like?
It's hard to know what university is like until you get there, and all universities are different. In some ways it's easier to describe what university isn't! Well, everyone says that it is not like school or college, or work, or home. So, what IS university really like? This activity aims to give you a realistic view, based on things students told us they wish they had known.
Full article
7 What are lectures really like?
Lectures changed during the covid-19 restrictions. It may be that some of your lectures take place online, and some take place in person.
Lectures in-person at university can be quite different from lessons at school and college, particularly when you are taught in a big group. This activity will help you to make the most out of these lectures.
Full article


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MEMS devices could be used for computer and robotics circuitry to withstand radiation in a damaged nuclear power plant or deep space, even keep infrastructure working in a nuclear attack.
According to researchers at the University of Utah, MEMS developed logic gate devices have been developed which can survive intense ionizing radiation that would fry most circuitry.
Robots have already been used in areas of extreme radiation, such as the nuclear power plants which were severely damaged as a result of the tsunami in Japan last year. But despite heavy shielding it is only a matter of time before essential electronics cease to work.
The team at Utah claims to have developed MEMS which could create circuits able to withstand such conditions.
Tradional silicon semiconductors rely on channels to carry electrical current. However radiation creates its own current and this can disrupt the ability of the semiconducting material to perform.
MEMS, on the other hand, do not have a semiconducting channel, and instead function by electrical charges causing electrodes to touch each other, acting like a switch. This means that they are not as susceptible to the effects of radiation.
There are downsides to MEMS, with silicon electronics around a thousand times quicker and substantially smaller. MEMS devices also require larger voltages to switch from one state to another.
However, the team has worked to reduce the number of devices need to create a computer, and have also succeeded in reducing by a factor of 10 the amount of voltage needed to switch.
The next steps for the team, which has been funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), is to start to create small computers based on the simplified MEMS circuits.
According to the researchers the end result could mean that the circuits, which survived 277 degree heat and two hours in the Utah university research reactor, will be able to withstand "cosmic ionizing radiation", or to "help robotics to control troubled nuclear reactors without degradation".


Can I have ear noisy sound in pregnancy?
(August 27, 2010)
Research has shown that listening to music during pregnancy especially soothing music is known to have a very calming effect on both the mother and the child within her womb. Babies tend to usually hear sounds from outside the mother's womb when they reach the 20th week of pregnancy. Hence doctors also recommend that from the 20th week of pregnancy the mother should listen to soothing music especially western classical or Indian classical. Women should not listen to loud music during pregnancy as that may have an adverse effect on the development of the child and its overall personality. It has been observed that listening to a few minutes of soothing music during pregnancy is an effective, safe and cheap way to de-stress and relax both the mother and the child. It is advisable to listen to music at a tempo of not more that 60 beats per minute as this is most beneficial to reach an optimum heart rate. In time the mother will find herself relaxing and the breathing also becomes slow in time with the music and shortly enough the heart rate follows. Doctors have said that the baby is able to feel maternal stress as early as 17 weeks into the pregnancy and if the mother experiences high levels of stress it can be detrimental to the mental and physical strength of the child.
Studies have also shown that babies who tend to listen to soothing music while they are still in the women of the mother tend to be more composed and calmer in their nature as compared to babies who have not listen to music while in the womb of their mother. However one should not overdo the listening of music while being pregnant as this may disrupt the sleeping pattern of the baby. Music is also known to hone skills in children and music also acts as a pre-linguistic tool that is useful in preparing the baby's brain an dear to identify and distinguish between various sounds. The reason babies are able to listen to music while still in the womb of the mother is because the amniotic fluid that surrounds the baby is a very good conductor of sound. However one should keep in mind that the volume of the music should not increase beyond 70 decibels and the duration of the music should not be extended for more than an hour per day.
Submitted by P T on August 27, 2010 at 06:49
See additional information.


Collaborating Authors
AI-enabled Automation for Completeness Checking of Privacy Policies Artificial Intelligence
Technological advances in information sharing have raised concerns about data protection. Privacy policies contain privacy-related requirements about how the personal data of individuals will be handled by an organization or a software system (e.g., a web service or an app). In Europe, privacy policies are subject to compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). A prerequisite for GDPR compliance checking is to verify whether the content of a privacy policy is complete according to the provisions of GDPR. Incomplete privacy policies might result in large fines on violating organization as well as incomplete privacy-related software specifications. Manual completeness checking is both time-consuming and error-prone. In this paper, we propose AI-based automation for the completeness checking of privacy policies. Through systematic qualitative methods, we first build two artifacts to characterize the privacy-related provisions of GDPR, namely a conceptual model and a set of completeness criteria. Then, we develop an automated solution on top of these artifacts by leveraging a combination of natural language processing and supervised machine learning. Specifically, we identify the GDPR-relevant information content in privacy policies and subsequently check them against the completeness criteria. To evaluate our approach, we collected 234 real privacy policies from the fund industry. Over a set of 48 unseen privacy policies, our approach detected 300 of the total of 334 violations of some completeness criteria correctly, while producing 23 false positives. The approach thus has a precision of 92.9% and recall of 89.8%. Compared to a baseline that applies keyword search only, our approach results in an improvement of 24.5% in precision and 38% in recall.
Fair Normalizing Flows Artificial Intelligence
Fair representation learning is an attractive approach that promises fairness of downstream predictors by encoding sensitive data. Unfortunately, recent work has shown that strong adversarial predictors can still exhibit unfairness by recovering sensitive attributes from these representations. In this work, we present Fair Normalizing Flows (FNF), a new approach offering more rigorous fairness guarantees for learned representations. Specifically, we consider a practical setting where we can estimate the probability density for sensitive groups. The key idea is to model the encoder as a normalizing flow trained to minimize the statistical distance between the latent representations of different groups. The main advantage of FNF is that its exact likelihood computation allows us to obtain guarantees on the maximum unfairness of any potentially adversarial downstream predictor. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of FNF in enforcing various group fairness notions, as well as other attractive properties such as interpretability and transfer learning, on a variety of challenging real-world datasets.
Review of Low-Voltage Load Forecasting: Methods, Applications, and Recommendations Machine Learning
The increased digitalisation and monitoring of the energy system opens up numerous opportunities % and solutions which can help to decarbonise the energy system. Applications on low voltage (LV), localised networks, such as community energy markets and smart storage will facilitate decarbonisation, but they will require advanced control and management. Reliable forecasting will be a necessary component of many of these systems to anticipate key features and uncertainties. Despite this urgent need, there has not yet been an extensive investigation into the current state-of-the-art of low voltage level forecasts, other than at the smart meter level. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the landscape, current approaches, core applications, challenges and recommendations. Another aim of this paper is to facilitate the continued improvement and advancement in this area. To this end, the paper also surveys some of the most relevant and promising trends. It establishes an open, community-driven list of the known LV level open datasets to encourage further research and development.
MTH-IDS: A Multi-Tiered Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Vehicles Artificial Intelligence
Modern vehicles, including connected vehicles and autonomous vehicles, nowadays involve many electronic control units connected through intra-vehicle networks to implement various functionalities and perform actions. Modern vehicles are also connected to external networks through vehicle-to-everything technologies, enabling their communications with other vehicles, infrastructures, and smart devices. However, the improving functionality and connectivity of modern vehicles also increase their vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks targeting both intra-vehicle and external networks due to the large attack surfaces. To secure vehicular networks, many researchers have focused on developing intrusion detection systems (IDSs) that capitalize on machine learning methods to detect malicious cyber-attacks. In this paper, the vulnerabilities of intra-vehicle and external networks are discussed, and a multi-tiered hybrid IDS that incorporates a signature-based IDS and an anomaly-based IDS is proposed to detect both known and unknown attacks on vehicular networks. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed system can detect various types of known attacks with 99.99% accuracy on the CAN-intrusion-dataset representing the intra-vehicle network data and 99.88% accuracy on the CICIDS2017 dataset illustrating the external vehicular network data. For the zero-day attack detection, the proposed system achieves high F1-scores of 0.963 and 0.800 on the above two datasets, respectively. The average processing time of each data packet on a vehicle-level machine is less than 0.6 ms, which shows the feasibility of implementing the proposed system in real-time vehicle systems. This emphasizes the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed IDS.
Negative Selection Algorithm Research and Applications in the last decade: A Review Artificial Intelligence
The Negative selection Algorithm (NSA) is one of the important methods in the field of Immunological Computation (or Artificial Immune Systems). Over the years, some progress was made which turns this algorithm (NSA) into an efficient approach to solve problems in different domain. This review takes into account these signs of progress during the last decade and categorizes those based on different characteristics and performances. Our study shows that NSA's evolution can be labeled in four ways highlighting the most notable NSA variations and their limitations in different application domains. We also present alternative approaches to NSA for comparison and analysis. It is evident that NSA performs better for nonlinear representation than most of the other methods, and it can outperform neural-based models in computation time. We summarize NSA's development and highlight challenges in NSA research in comparison with other similar models.
Randomized Algorithms for Scientific Computing (RASC) Artificial Intelligence
Adversarial Diffusion Attacks on Graph-based Traffic Prediction Models Artificial Intelligence
Real-time traffic prediction models play a pivotal role in smart mobility systems and have been widely used in route guidance, emerging mobility services, and advanced traffic management systems. With the availability of massive traffic data, neural network-based deep learning methods, especially the graph convolutional networks (GCN) have demonstrated outstanding performance in mining spatio-temporal information and achieving high prediction accuracy. Recent studies reveal the vulnerability of GCN under adversarial attacks, while there is a lack of studies to understand the vulnerability issues of the GCN-based traffic prediction models. Given this, this paper proposes a new task -- diffusion attack, to study the robustness of GCN-based traffic prediction models. The diffusion attack aims to select and attack a small set of nodes to degrade the performance of the entire prediction model. To conduct the diffusion attack, we propose a novel attack algorithm, which consists of two major components: 1) approximating the gradient of the black-box prediction model with Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA); 2) adapting the knapsack greedy algorithm to select the attack nodes. The proposed algorithm is examined with three GCN-based traffic prediction models: St-Gcn, T-Gcn, and A3t-Gcn on two cities. The proposed algorithm demonstrates high efficiency in the adversarial attack tasks under various scenarios, and it can still generate adversarial samples under the drop regularization such as DropOut, DropNode, and DropEdge. The research outcomes could help to improve the robustness of the GCN-based traffic prediction models and better protect the smart mobility systems. Our code is available at
Supervised Feature Selection Techniques in Network Intrusion Detection: a Critical Review Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning (ML) techniques are becoming an invaluable support for network intrusion detection, especially in revealing anomalous flows, which often hide cyber-threats. Typically, ML algorithms are exploited to classify/recognize data traffic on the basis of statistical features such as inter-arrival times, packets length distribution, mean number of flows, etc. Dealing with the vast diversity and number of features that typically characterize data traffic is a hard problem. This results in the following issues: i) the presence of so many features leads to lengthy training processes (particularly when features are highly correlated), while prediction accuracy does not proportionally improve; ii) some of the features may introduce bias during the classification process, particularly those that have scarce relation with the data traffic to be classified. To this end, by reducing the feature space and retaining only the most significant features, Feature Selection (FS) becomes a crucial pre-processing step in network management and, specifically, for the purposes of network intrusion detection. In this review paper, we complement other surveys in multiple ways: i) evaluating more recent datasets (updated w.r.t. obsolete KDD 99) by means of a designed-from-scratch Python-based procedure; ii) providing a synopsis of most credited FS approaches in the field of intrusion detection, including Multi-Objective Evolutionary techniques; iii) assessing various experimental analyses such as feature correlation, time complexity, and performance. Our comparisons offer useful guidelines to network/security managers who are considering the incorporation of ML concepts into network intrusion detection, where trade-offs between performance and resource consumption are crucial.
Balancing Biases and Preserving Privacy on Balanced Faces in the Wild Artificial Intelligence
There are demographic biases in the SOTA CNN used for FR. Our BFW dataset serves as a proxy to measure bias across ethnicity and gender subgroups, allowing us to characterize FR performances per subgroup. We show


One Year After Sandy, Fires Plague Boardwalks and Homes That Flooded
Wiring corroded by saltwater remains a hazard, experts say.
View Images
Firefighters work to extinguish the fire that destroyed the Seaside Heights boardwalk. Corroded wiring could have been a factor in the fire's outbreak.
When a massive fire destroyed six blocks of boardwalk in Seaside Park and neighboring Seaside Heights in northern New Jersey last month, blame was placed on an event that had happened 11 months earlier: Superstorm Sandy.
How could last year's storm spark a fire that burned whole blocks of boardwalk and destroyed more than 50 businesses?
The answer lies in the invisible damage that floods can wreak on electrical wiring, experts say.
Even pinhole-size damage to an electrical wire's insulation can lead to the wire heating up over 200 degrees. This can spark a fire that can burn down homes, businesses, or, in this case, a beloved boardwalk that had just gotten back in business.
Using an electrical wire with damaged insulation under a boardwalk or in a home is "like driving a car on bald tires. It doesn't mean the car is going to fail, but it could," said Dave Brender, national program manager of electrical applications for the Copper Development Association, a trade group for the electrical industry. "You're asking for trouble."
Anatomy of a Wire
A typical electrical wire is made up of two components: The first is the metal that carries the electricity, which is commonly copper but can also be copper wound around an aluminum core. The second is the insulation, which is usually made out of polyvinyl chloride, also known as PVC.
PVC is a common insulator, but it's not perfect, said John Destasio, a machinery technician in Seaside Park.
"Because we need wiring to be flexible, we must make it out of a flexible material," he said. But that means it's "vulnerable to breakdown through time, erosion, and heat."
Windblown sand can cut tiny holes in the wiring's insulation, Destasio said. That allows water to seep in and come in contact with the metal of the wire's core.
Freshwater alone can corrode the metal (think about an old car rusting in the rain), but saltwater residue acts as an enhancer and speeds up the process (as does water tainted by gasoline from a flooded gas station, oil from a flooded car, or sewage from a burst sewer main).
That situation can create a dangerous feedback loop, Destasio said. Corrosion of the wire creates resistance to the electricity moving through it, which then generates more heat. Heat quickens corrosion on the wire, which further increases resistance, which generates even more heat.
Eventually, the hot wire reaches a temperature at which it breaks down more of the insulation. At that point, arcs of electricity can pass through the air from one wire to another, like little bolts of lightning.
"If that arc were hot enough, and [if it] comes into contact with something flammable, you get fire," said Destasio.
Salty Trouble
After a storm like Sandy, it can be hard to tell which wires inside structures were affected by water, and even harder to tell if insulation suffered small-scale damage.
The same problem emerged after the major flooding in Colorado in September and in North Dakota in April.
Even if the lights still work, there could be wire damage that leads to fires months or even years later, Brender said.
Technicians use ohmmeters to measure how much resistance is in a wire, Destasio said. If they find a great deal, it can suggest a wire is compromised, but wires with minimal damage often check out fine but can have problems later.
Much of the wiring used up and down the East Coast is decades old and may not be up to current codes. Some storm-damaged wiring may have had worn or substandard insulation to begin with.
Much of the wire used on boardwalks or in seaside structures was never intended to be flooded by seawater, because large storm events like Sandy have been relatively rare until recently.
Fires Spread
The Seaside fire was a big, visible example, but post-Sandy fires have been affecting homes and businesses along the Jersey Shore for months.
In March, the town of Strathmere—which has a year-round population of 158 people and is about 70 miles (113 kilometers) south of Seaside Park—saw two fires within 18 hours of each other. One was in an office and the other was in a home; both were determined to be linked to Sandy's flooding of internal wiring.
The official cause of the Seaside fire was the failure of electrical wiring that ran under the boardwalk. Officials attributed it to both the age of the wiring, some of which dated back to the 1970s, and to exposure to saltwater during Superstorm Sandy.
The danger doesn't stop with boardwalk wiring, though. Anything with a motor that was flooded by saltwater—like a garage refrigerator that started working again when the power came back on—poses a risk, said Brender.
The safest thing to do is replace any wiring that might have been affected by floodwater.
"That light bulb might light, but it's like a ticking time bomb, and you don't know it," Brender said.
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Saturday, May 20, 2017
Decrypting a SAML Assertion in OpenSAML v3
As you probably should know at this point, the SAML Assertion contains the description of a authenticated user and how it was autheunticitoted. The assertion is generally signed to prevent manipulation but there are also cases where you would want to encrypt the assertion to prevent someone to see the information within. For example the assertion can be used to communicate personal information about the user such as social security number and adress.
As most people reading my blog seem to be on the SP side of SAML I will explain how to decrypt an assertion.
The general method of encryption and subsequent decryption of a assertion uses two keys, one symetric and on asymetric.
The symtric key is generated during encryption and used to encrypt the actual assertion data. A asymetric key, generally a SP key contained in the metadata, is then used to encrypt the symetric key which is then stored in the XML together with the ecrypted assertion.
To decrypt the reverse of this is done. The asymmetric is used to decrypt the symmetric key, which is then used to decrypt the assertion.
Now for the OpenSAML part.
First we get the assertion from the XML. The assertion is stored in a EncryptedAssertion object and is retrieved with the method getEncryptedAssertions() on the response instead of getAssertions() which is used otherwise.
StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver keyInfoCredentialResolver = new StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver(SPCredentials.getCredential());
Decrypter decrypter = new Decrypter(null, keyInfoCredentialResolver, new InlineEncryptedKeyResolver());
In this example a StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver is used to point out the key that is used for decryption, in this case I have stored it in the static class SPCredentials. The InlineEncryptedKeyResolver is used to tell the decryptor that the symmetric encryption key can be found in the XML next to the encrypted assertion.
The decryptor returns a decrypted Assertion object.
Some NameID value
 1. Hi Stefan,
 I have bought your book and with the help of that, i could integrate my web application using openSaml version 3.
 Now i have a different use case to implement, my company has a desktop application implemented in.Net, we want to enable SAML based sso for this application as well, i googled various sources but neither helped me. So we have arrived at our ow n idea to implement this.
 With the help of the already implemented web app, we are going to open an embedded browser from desktop which calls the url in which we create SAML request, once the IDP responds back with assertions we will return an loginid to the desktop app to authenticate. I will use the same saml request servlet and saml response consumer servlet for both web app and desktop, but for desktop i will redirect to another servlet which writes loginid in servlet response. So basic thing i need is a way to send a saml resuest with an identifier identifies application and the same identifier responed back by IDP in Saml response ( may be SAML request with assertion attribute and the same returned by IDP in saml response)
 WebAPP --> SAML request xml (without identifier )--> SAML repsonse(without identifier) <--IDP
 Desktop --> WebApp --> (SAML request xml (with identifier as from desktop ) --> SAML response ((with identifier as from desktop) <--- IDP
 Here the identifier may be custom assertion/any saml request attribute which can be send as it is from IDP in response
 1. Sound like you could set a RelayState parameter on the SAML request URL going out. This should be echoed back in the response.
 However you should think twice on you acrobatics with the second servlet where you take in a assertion and return user id in the servlet response.
 If you blindly trust what is returned in the response it might be easy to by pass the authentication by just inserting another user id.
 2. Thanks Stefan,I will try relaystate and let you know. By the way the loginid mentioned is not user ID it's a n encrypted id which includes various other parameters which is specific to application
 3. Hi Stefan,
 I bought your book yesterday and following it with the sample project given in the book as well. Could you please let me know if there is a separate book from IDP point since it's not covered here. If not any other sources, sample projects you can redirect me to is greatly appreciated
 1. Hi, Im sorry, I do not have any other book on the subject and Im not aware of any sample project. Sorry hope you find what you need
 4. Hi Stefan -- I'm using this sample code to decrypt an assertion from okta and it's not working out. would you have any advice?
 1. oh - got it solved by using a chaining resolver. though I'm not fully sure what happened.
 2. I have a similar issue on my system on my unit tests. I changed it to add the chaining resolver, but I still have the same error. Are you using the same key for both encryption and decryption like Stefan's example on the book?


What do various terms mean on Snapchat
What do various terms mean on Snapchat
Snapchat has developed its own language of sorts. It has friend emojis, chat notification, not to mention user lingo! If you too feel overwhelmed with this trove of information, we got your covered. In this article, we will cover everything you need to know about Snapchat jargon (terms, emojis, icons, etc.) to set you on your way to ace the app.
Friend emojis
Snapchat assigns different emojis depending on your interaction with specific users. These emojis appear next to the contacts name. A recent update now lets you customize these emojis to your heart's content! However, in this article, we will explain what the default friend emojis mean.
Snapstreak?
If you see a flame emoji appear next to a user's name, this means that you have started a 'Snapstreak' with the user. A similar emoji will appear next to your name in the user's contacts. To begin a Snapstreak with a user, both you and the other person must snap each other for three days consecutively.
Snapstreaks do not count messages; so it has to be snaps. The number that appears next to the flame emoji corresponds to the number of days you and your friend have consecutively sent snaps to each other.
Note: If you miss a single day, the Snapstreak will reset to zero.
Related: How to never lose your Streak in Snapchat with these tips (Snapstreaks)
Hourglass ⌛
The hourglass emoji appears if your Snapstreak is about to expire. A Snapstreak will expire if two users do not send each other a snap within 24 hours. If you see this emoji next to your friend's name, quickly send them a snap. When the snap is delivered, the hourglass emoji will disappear.
Mutual BF's?
Characterized by the emoji with sunglasses, this appears next to a user's name if both you and the user, have a best friend in common. The emoji will also appear next to your name on the user's account.
Mutual Besties?
This awkward emoji perfectly represents the situation you are in. Mutual Besties indicates that both you and the other user have the best #1 best friend. This means that both you and the user have been sending snaps to the same person.
BFs?
This smiling emoji indicates that the user is one of your best friends. Snapchat uses a simple algorithm to determine who you communicate with the most (only snaps). 'BFs' doesn't mean that the person is your #1 best friend, but they are sure someone who you communicate with a lot.
The emoji does not necessarily appear next to your name on the other user's account.
Besties?
This yellow heart emoji is a nice thing to notice next to one of your contacts names. It means that both you and the user are each other's #1 best friends. You send the most snaps to this user, and vice versa.
This emoji appears beside your name on your friend's account too.
BFF ❤
If you have continued to send each other snaps for two weeks in a row, your yellow heart emoji will be upped to a red heart. This indicates that you have been each other's #1 Best friend for two weeks.
This emoji appears beside your name on your friend's account too.
Super BFF?
This is the highest honor of Snapchat friends. 'Super BFF' appears when you have been each other #1 best friend for 2 months straight! You deserve the double hearts because that takes dedication.
This emoji will appear beside your name on your friend's account too.
Snapchat Lingo and Terms
If you're having a hard time keeping track of all the new Snapchat lingo, this guide is for you. The acronyms are not limited to use on Snapchat only, and pop up quite frequently on other platforms like Instagram, Facebook, etc.
Women Crush Wednesday: This acronym is generally used as a hashtag accompanying an image of a woman that the user admires. It could be a friend, a celebrity, a sportswoman, etc. As the name suggests, WCW is usually used on a Wednesday.
Shoutout For Shoutout: Originating on Snapchat itself, SFS is used to tell another user that you would like to be mentioned in their snap, as well as mention them back in your own snap. This is usually used for promotions so that you can increase your visibility.
Screen Shot: This common acronym is now freely used on most platforms. However, because of Snapchats distinguished feature of disappearing snaps, SS is used to request a screenshot of a picture that you cannot view.
Snap Back: A snap back is when a user replies to your snap with another snap. The interaction by snaps is called a snap back. SB can also be used to request another user to send you a snap (especially if you believe your Snapstreak is about to break).
Whatever: Used quite freely while texting, 'wtv' is an abbreviation indicating that the user does not care about the matter. For example, 'Do you want to go to the park?' 'Yeah, wtv'.
Black Lives Matter: A strong and powerful hashtag currently trending on most social outlets, BLM shows support for people of color and takes a stand against unjust offenses against the same.
If you know, you know: This abbreviation is used to stir up mystery as well as remind others who were with you. It basically means if you were there with me, you know what I'm talking about. It can also be used to check if people are on the same page as you.
Favorite, Thumbs up, Comment: While generally used on video streaming sites like YouTube, FTC has come to mean 'subscribe'. When used out of context, it can mean, 'stay tuned for more such content.'
Don't wait up: DWU is used to tell another person not to worry about you. It can also be used more literally to tell a person not to wait up for you to return, as it could be late.
I don't mind: This one is quite straight forward. It is used to indicate that the person is ok with whatever the other person is conveying.
I don't even know: This acronym is used to express confusion on the user's part. For example, 'Do you think we'll be going camping with this weather?' 'Honestly, idek!'
Better be going: If you have trouble ending a conversation, BBG can come to your rescue. You can use BBG when you want to politely let the other person know that you are ending the conversation.
Nevermind: Quite self-explanatory, this one. It can also be used to express disappointment. For example, 'I thought the Mayor was going to turn the town around….#nvm'.
Rate/Date/Hate: RDH is used to get an honest opinion of a third party. Usually accompanied by a picture of the person in question, RDH is used to understand what other people think of that person. For example, 'Sending you a pic. What do you think? RDH?'
F*ck with: This acronym has gained a lot of popularity recently. While it sounds aggressive, most of the time, it is used to indicate a close liking for something. For example, 'Deadmaus is dope. I'd FW that for sure.'
F*ck you talking bout: This is used to indicate disdain or sometimes surprise about what another person is saying. It is a shortened form of the sentence 'what the f*ck are you talking about!' If used more literally, it can also indicate that you actually do not know what the other person is talking about. For example, 'What smoke? I just got home, fytb?'
Laughing my a*s off: This old-but-gold acronym is still used today to express laughing at a humorous situation. You may have encountered the same acronym being used with repeating letters (lmaaao/lmaooo). All of these mean the same thing.
Just saying: Js is generally used to soften a harsh sentence. It is added at the end of a sentence to portray that the user is just being honest. For example, 'I don't think that color suits you, js.'
Tough sh*t: This acronym can be used to show pity or understanding of another person's problems. It can be compared to the term 'that sucks!'
I miss you: Imy can be used both, in sentences, as well as with a hashtag. It expresses that the user misses the person that they are texting. When used as a hashtag accompanying a picture, it may refer to the person in the picture.
Group Chat: GC just means group chat. It refers to a chat with more than two people in it. It can be referring to different platforms like WhatsApp, texting, etc.
Snapchat Notifications
Snapchat has its own indicators to let a user know what's going on in their account. Use this guide below to better understand what different indicators mean.
Grey arrow / pending
The grey arrow appears when you send a snap to a person, and it hasn't gone through yet. If you have a fast internet connection, you may not even see the grey arrow, as the snap will be sent immediately. However, if you have slower/bad internet, the grey arrow will remain, until the snap has successfully gone through.
It could also mean that the person you are sending the snap to has not added you as a friend yet, or has unfriended you.
Red square / full arrow / empty arrow
The red arrow appears when you have sent a snap (picture/video) without


Important information
Shared Expenses Calculator
Shared Expenses Calculator
 - App Store Info
Often we participate in events with other people, such as trips, parties etc. in which each participant pays various expenses, and finally we adjust the accounts to which all people pay the same amount of money. For example, suppose a trip with friends, one day a friend paid the meal, another friend paid the tickets to the museum, and so on. Or suppose a party with friends, someone has bought a drink, others have bought food, etc...
Shared Expenses Calculator is an application that lets you enter the expenses that each person have paid in an event, and at the end calculate how much money must pay or receive each person, for all people have paid the same amount of money.
- Works with the following currency symbols, $, €, £, ¥ or blank.
- The default currency for new events can be configured in the iPhone's general settings.
- Calculations can be sent by e-mail.
- Translated into Spanish, English, Italian and French.
What's New in Version 1.1
Bug solved: When blank currecy symbol was selected, "(blank)" text was shown instead of no currency symbol.


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Do your piece to fix TIOBE or stop talking about it
Many people talk about TIOBE and how it's bad, or irrelevant, or broken, or many other vague descriptors of why it should be ignored.
All people talking about TIOBE miss one crucial point: It is software, it has an algorithm, and it is not "bad", it is buggy. That means it can be fixed.
So either fix it, or stop talking about it.
Here's why you can fix it
The TIOBE algorithm is to search for "[language] programming" on a number of search engines, then apply a weight to the resulting count, based on the search engine, and sum the results up to get a score.
They do this because C is a letter, Ruby is a stone, Python is a snake (or a comedy troupe). If they searched only for those words they'd get a lot of trash results. Adding programming means they will mostly get results that contain the phrases "[language] programming" or "[language] programming language". Especially the latter is important, since people talking about the other languages often add "programming language" to disambiguate; while Perl developers have no reason to do so (since the word is mostly unique), and simply don't, thus removing themselves from what TIOBE can find.
Here are the top four search engines and their weights:
- Google: 28%
- Blogger: 28%
- Wikipedia: 13%
- YouTube: 7%
What is notable? All of these sites either point to other content, or are directly editable. I'll go on with wikipedia, as that's the easiest example to use. Here are some search terms and their current result counts:
By comparing the list of results for "perl" and "perl programming" you'll find that many perfectly fine results simply won't show up for the latter and thus won't be visible to TIOBE either.
It's not that the talk about Perl isn't there, the problem is that TIOBE can't see it. And that can be changed.
Here's how you can fix it
The solution is simple: The string "perl programming language" needs to be added to results that are valid for Perl, but don't currently contain it and as such remain invisible to TIOBE. Once TIOBE can actually see the talk about Perl, it will at least stop being a source of false bad press for Perl.
- Go through this list and ask site owners to update their site.
- Go through this list and ask blog owners to update their blog or entries.
- Go through this list and update the page where appropiate.
- Go through this list and ask uploaders to update their video descriptions.
Lastly, don't forget that if you own or create any of the type of contents that appear in any of previous result lists, make sure you mention "perl programming language" as well.


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Word Origin & History
early 13c., from O.Fr. las "a net, noose, string" (Fr. lacs), from V.L. *lacium, from L. laqueum (nom. laqueus) "noose, snare" (It. laccio, Sp. lazo), a trapping and hunting term, probably from Italic base *laq- "to ensnare" (cf. L. lacere "to entice"). The "ornamental net pattern" meaning is first recorded
1555. Sense of "cord for tying" remains in shoelace. To lace coffee, etc., with a dash of liquor (1670s) was originally used of sugar, and comes via the notion of "to ornament or trim." Related: Laced. Laced mutton was "an old word for a whore" [Johnson]. As an adjective, lace-curtain "middle class" (or lower-class with middle-class pretensions) usually is used in reference to Irish-Americans.


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- TRAILS - MODERATE
- SCENIC OVERLOOK
Clark Nature Preserve
Lancaster County Conservancy Nature Preserve and hiking trails
Formerly three separate nature preserves known as House Rock, Reed Run, and Pequea South, Clark Nature Preserve was created and named in 2021 in honor and recognition of an extraordinary gift by the Clark Associates Charitable Foundation, in celebration of the Clark Associates' 50th Anniversary.
This preserve highlights a variety of native species including oaks, blueberries, ferns, and other acidic loving plants on scenic wooded slopes. There are areas that are an experimental American chestnut planting in partnership with the American Chestnut Foundation. Some unique features of this preserve is Wind Cave (also known as Cold Cave for consistent near freezing temperatures year-round), one of the largest tectonic (fault) caves in the eastern United States. The Clark nature Preserve features a combination of forest and field habitats that attract white-tailed deer and wild turkeys Three beautiful river hills streams, House Rock Run, tiny Brubaker Run, and the larger Reed Run, flow through the woods of the preserve with many small waterfalls as the streams descend to the Susquehanna River.
This trail links to the Conestoga Trail System. Accessing House Rock Overlook: Follow the Conestoga Trail south from the trailhead on Bridge Valley Road approximately 1.4 miles to House Rock Overlook.
Hike at your own risk. The preserve is managed by the Lancaster County Conservancy.
Parking: Parking is limited in certain areas. Parking area available at the end of House Rock Road.
Accessing House Rock: Follow the Conestoga Trail south from the trailhead on Bridge Valley Road approximately 1.4 miles to House Rock Overlook.
Hike at your own risk. The preserve is managed by the Lancaster County Conservancy. Visit the Conservancy website at _URL_ to learn more about hiking, hunting, and parking conditions and any restrictions.
370 House Rock Rd, Pequea, PA 17565


Kandyan day gecko
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Cnemaspis kandiana)
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Kandyan day gecko
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Gekkonidae
Genus: Cnemaspis
Species: C. kandiana
Binomial name
Cnemaspis kandiana
(Kelaart, 1852)
Cnemaspis kandiana distribution.png
Synonyms
Gonatodes kandianus
The Kandyan day gecko or Kandyan rock gecko, Cnemaspis kandiana, is a species of diurnal gecko found in Sri Lanka, southern India, Andaman Islands, Indonesia (Sumatra), and southern Thailand.
Description[edit]
Its head is rather elongated; the snout is obtusely pointed, longer than the distance between the eye and the ear opening, l.5 the diameter of the orbit; the forehead is not concave; the ear opening is small and oval. Its body and limbs are rather slender; the hind limbs reach the axilla or the shoulder. Its digits are slender, the basal part is not dilated, scarcely wider than the distal, and with enlarged plates beneath. The snout is covered with suboval keeled granules; the rest of the head is minutely granulate; the rostral is twice as broad as deep, with median emargination and cleft above; the nostrils are pierced between the rostral and three or four nasals; seven or eight upper and as many lower labials are found; the mental is large and triangular, with a truncated posterior angle; numerous small chin-shields pass gradually into the gular granules, which are feebly keeled. The upper surface of its body is covered with small, more or less distinctly keeled granules, intermixed with irregularly scattered, small, keeled tubercles; the flanks are small and widely separated, with spine-like tubercles. Scales on the limbs are keeled. The ventral scales are cycloid and imbricated; those under the neck are keeled, and the others are smooth (or keeled in C. k. tropidogaster'). Males have three or four preanal pores, and on each side three to five femoral pores. The tail is cylindrical, tapering, above with very small keeled scales and annuli of spine-like tubercles, beneath with larger scales, but no transversely dilated median plates. In color, it is brown above, variegated with darker and lighter; these variegations generally form transverse markings on the back and tail; sometimes, a light vertebral band occurs; the spine-like tubercles on the flanks are white; its lower surfaces are light brown or dirty white; the throat is sometimes blackish. From snout to vent, it is 1.4 in long; the tail is 1.5 in.[1]
The type locality is the mountains of Kandy, Sri Lanka.
References[edit]
 1. ^ Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia. p. 77-78
External links[edit]


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Analysis of the color purple the movie
15 hours ago | variety - film news lincoln assassination aftermath movie 'madman' in the works from david permut (exclusive) the color purple (1985. The color purple: theme analysis, free study guides and book notes including comprehensive chapter analysis, complete summary analysis, author biography information. In the novel the color purple, alice walker creates an ambiance of hardship, self-discovery, and love through the descriptive journal entries of a young girl growing. Need help with letter 1 in alice walker's the color purple check out our revolutionary side-by-side summary and analysis. There is a moment in steven spielberg's the color purple when a woman named celie smiles and smiles and smiles that was the moment when i knew this movie was going. The color purple represents all the good things in the world that god creates for men and women to enjoy at the beginning of the book, you could say that celie has.
Based on the pulitzer prize-winning novel by alice walker, the color purple spans the years 1909 to 1949, relating the life of celie (whoopi goldberg), a southern. The color purple film synopsis "the color purple follows the life of celie johnson as she struggles through life in the early 1900s. Returning to the color purple after almost 20 years, i can see its flaws more easily than when i named it the best film of 1985, but i can also understand why it. Search results you were looking for a 4 page paper which examines elements of the film the color purple that this essay offers critical analysis of alice. The experiences of women in the color purple - introduction in the film the color purple women are literary analysis: the color purple - there are.
Immediately download the the color purple summary, chapter-by-chapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more. Check out the exclusive tvguidecom movie review and see our movie rating for the color purple.
The color purple is a 1985 american period drama film directed by steven spielberg and written by menno meyjes, based on the pulitzer prize-winning novel of the same. Find trailers, reviews, synopsis, awards and cast information for the color purple (1985) - steven spielberg on allmovie - based on the pulitzer prize-winning novel.
The color purple: alice walker on her classic novel, speilberg's film, and the broadway adaptation - duration: 2:59 new jersey performing arts center. The color purple: directed by steven spielberg based on the novel by alice walker released: 1985 cast of characters: celie nettie celie's "father.
Analysis of the color purple the movie
From struggle to liberation: a critical analysis of the film the color purple presented by: rebecca matlock (major – communication) faculty sponsor: dr sudeshna roy. Dive deep into alice walker's the color purple with extended analysis, commentary, and discussion.
- The color purple has remained a cultural touchstone for black women in america that a film about black women like the color purple was made at all feels like.
- The color purple, by alice walker, is a very intense book to read by intense, it is a book touching very difficult and hard aspects of life of a poor, black.
- "the color purple" is a great film that literary analysis: the color purple essay more about sexism and racism in "the color purple" essays.
- Read common sense media's the color purple review the novel was adapted for steven spielberg's successful 1985 film version and a 2005 broadway musical.
The color purple (1985) on imdb: plot summary, synopsis, and more. Unlike most editing & proofreading services, we edit for everything: grammar, spelling, punctuation, idea flow, sentence structure, & more get started now. The color of the film is controlled color and the look of a film 27 thoughts on " color and the look of a film – visual analysis. In this article we look at 5 common film color schemes that can help you understand how cinematic color design works orange and purple.


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The second group of Egyptian teachers have arrived at the University of Leicester. This group are all teachers of maths and their arrival has provoked me to revisit this blog to muse over ideas that have moved on since the last post.
It has got me thinking about how innovation looks from a different direction and has alerted me to the layered nature of teaching. High ideals beyond pedagogy are the order of the day but feet musty be kept firmly on the ground to provide useful and usable opportunities for growth.
I will use this blog to post the progression of thought for the next 10 weeks as the course for these Egyptian teachers develops.
Notes to self:
- Speak more slowly
- Give things more time
- Allow white space to develop
- Listen to the shouts and the whispers


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Best Dams In Kenya
Below is the Best Dams In Kenya
Travelers vote voting Thika Dam, Nairobi Dam, and Masinga Hydroelectric Power Station as the best of the 4 dams in Kenya. Also popular is Kigombo in Kenya. Want more? Check out our map of dams in Kenya or this 1 dam near Nakuru.
Which will be the biggest dam in Kenya?
The construction of the High Grand Falls Dam on River Tana is also yet to begin – two years after GBM Engineering won a tender to fund, design, build, operate, and transfer the Sh200bn dam. This is expected to be the largest dam in Kenya.
How many dams are there in Kenya?
What you need to know: Kenya currently has 4,100 dams and water pans distributed throughout the country.
What are the 7 Forks dams in Kenya?
Seven Fork Hydro Stations
- Masinga Power Station.
- Kamburu Power Station.
- Gitaru Power Station.
- Kindaruma Power Station.
- Kiambere Power Station.
What is the second-largest dam in Kenya?
On completion, the Thwake dam will be the second largest dam in Kenya and will provide water for domestic, livestock, irrigation, hydropower, and industrial activities.
How much does it cost to build a dam in Kenya?
Masilingini Dam which has a capacity of 35,949 metric cubic will cost Sh 2.7milion, Malondo Dam with a capacity of 30874 metric cubic will cost Sh12. 7million while the Masia Dam with a capacity of 32,000 metric cubic will eventually cost Sh14. 2milion.


Home / English Posts / Trinitite
Trinitite
A bit of history: what is Trinitite ?
The trinitite (also known as glass of Alamogordo or atomite) is the name given to the glassy residue formed in the desert, near Alamogordo in New Mexico, on the site of the explosion occurred on July 16, 1945, of the first nuclear bomb, code named "Trinity test", that bomb was based on plutonium.
That glass is mainly made of silicon and feldspar melted by the heat generated by the nuclear explosion, it is usually light green, even if in some samples it has other colors. It is mildly radioactive, but you can handle it without risk given the low level of activity.
Several different types of trinitite have been identified : the most common form is green, black specimens contain iron from the metal tower that supported the bomb above the desert surface, red samples contain copper from the bomb itself and cables that connected it to the control station.
In the image on the side you can see one of our trinitite samples.
In the late forties and early fifties, samples of trinitite were collected and sold to mineral collectors as novelties. Some samples can still be found on the site of the explosion, although most were removed and buryed by the US Atomic Energy Commission in 1952 : it is currently illegal to collect the remaining material on the site, however the material collected before this prohibition it is still in the possession of collectors and it is possible to find samples of this material online : trinitite on eBay.
In the initial image of the Post we see the glass bottle containing the trinitite fragments that have been given to us to perform the analysis of the material.
Gamma Spectroscopy
The sample of trinitite was subjected to gamma spectroscopic analysis with the instrument described in the post DIY Gamma Spectrometry, using the 63x63mm crystal sensor, positioning sensor and sample inside a shielded measurement well. The image on the left shows the detector and the measurement well. To drive the PMT we used the Theremino PMT Adapter and to process the data we have used the proven Theremino MCA.
the sample activity is low but it is easily measurable; however, a background spectrum should be acquired for an appropriate time in order to remove the background component from the sample gamma spectrum. measurement times are long: to obtain adequate data, it is advisable to measure for a time greater than 10 hours.
The background activity, measured within the well is worth about 40 CPS, the measure with the sample records about 70 CPS, the net activity of the trinitite sample is therefore around 30 CPS. This value allows us to make good measurements and at the same time makes the sample absolutely safe to handle.
The results of gamma spectroscopy are shown in the following charts. The first chart shows in green, in linear scale, the gamma spectrum of the sample, superimposed on the gamma spectrum of background, in gray. The second graph shows, in logarithmic scale, the spectrum of the sample without background component.
From the gamma spectra it is clearly visible the presence of the following isotopes : Cesium 137, Americium 241, Europium 152. The Americium and the Cesium in particular give rise to evident photo-peaks.
The presence of these isotopes is the characteristic "signature" of authentic trinitite. Let's now look at the origin of these isotopes.
Cesium 137
Cesium 137 (137Cs, Cs137) is a radioactive isotope of the alkali metal cesium which is formed primarily as a by-product of nuclear fission. We recall that the nuclear bomb that exploded in Alamogordo in the "Trinity Test" had Plutonium 239 as fissile material. During the fission process the "father" nucleus, in this case Plutonium 239, is "fissioned" and produces two lighter nuclei of around half atomic number. Cesium 137 is one of these, and it is also the product of the beta decay of other fission isotopes such as Xenon 137 and Iodine 137. Cesium 137 has half-life of about 30 years. Cesium 137 produces gamma emission at 662 KeV and 32 KeV.
Americium 241
The Americium 241 is the product of the Beta decay of Plutonium 241, in turn obtained from the Plutonium 239 fuel by double neutron capture. The half-life of this isotope is 432 years. This isotope produces strong alpha emission and gamma emission at 60 KeV.
Europium 152
This isotope was obtained by neutron activation of the stable Europium 151 and Europium 153 isotopes, already present in the soil of the detonation site. The half-life is 13.5 years.
Quantitative Analysis
The sample has undergone quantitative analysis, using the gamma spectrometer and Beqmoni software in order to establish the activity of the isotopes present in the sample. Quantitative measurements of this type are described in the posts Gamma Activity MeasuresCesium 137 Activity in Contaminated Soil.
Preliminarily we made a measurement by calibrating the spectrometer with a sample source of Cs137, achieving an efficiency of 20.8 Bq / CPS, which means that the value obtained by the detector has to be multiplied by this factor in order to obtain the actual activity of the sample expressed in Bequerel. Subsequently, we placed the sample in contact with the detector and we obtained the spectrum below, in which the main gamma peaks are present:
Thanks to Beqmoni ROI feature, we are able to determine the activity of the individual isotopes, we focus on cesium 137 because it allows us to measure more precisely the activity:
Trinitite sample weight = 12g
Trinitite sample radioactivity = around 30 CPS
Detector efficiency = 20.8 Bq/CPS
Activity Cs137 = 7.4 CPS -> 154 Bq -> 12.8 Bq/g
Naturally, these are the current activities, measured in 2018, however, knowing the half-life of the isotope we are able to calculate the original activity at the time of the explosion. We can easily determine this by knowing the half-life of the isotope30 years for Cesium 137The decay constant and the half-life are also related to each other by the following relation:
λ = ln2 / T1/2 = 0,693 / T1/2
The rule of radioactive decay states thatA(t) = A0 e-λt
Knowing A(t), λ, t one can easily calculate A
AA(t) / e-λt
Doing the calculations and knowing that t = 2018 – 1945 = 73 years we obtain the following values :
Activity Cs137 = 12.8 Bq/g x 5.1 = 65.3 Bq/g
These values are a good estimate of the original values of radioactivity and are close to other measurements that can be found in scientific literature. Naturally, in order to have more precise measurements it is necessary to use more sophisticated experimental devices such as HPGe detectors (Hyper pure Germanium detector operating at cryogenic temperatures) or mass spectrometers.
Despite the "amateur" equipment we have been able to make a fairly complete and in-depth analysis of the Trinitite sample: a piece of our recent history that marked the beginning, for better or for worse, of the atomic age.
Further Documents
Article with a qualitative and quantitative analysis : Analyzing Trinitite
Pdf Document : Trinitite
trinitite on eBay
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Sound Experiments
The most obvious use for a sound card interfaced with a computer, along with a …


How Long Have Humans Been Drinking Alcohol?
Old wine bottles kept in a cave.
For centuries alcohol has been a prime mover of human culture, fueling the development of art, language, and religion. But for how long have humans been drinking? Who came up with the idea of alcohol? These are fundamental questions that have often been asked. Several theories have emerged explaining the genesis of alcohol drinking. While some of the theories have scientific backing, the majority of the theories are linked to the cultural way of life of the early man.
Archaeological Record
Human ancestors may have discovered alcohol over ten million years ago, long before the modern booze brewing began. The chemical analysis of vessels discovered from the Neolithic village of Jiahu in northern China reveal traces of alcohol that may have been absorbed and stored by the jars. The chemical analysis indicated that the fermented substance was made out of grapes, honey, and berries and may have been produced between 7000 and 6650 BC. The Sumerian and Egyptian documents dating back to about 2100 BC mention medicinal uses of alcohol. The Hebrew Bible also recommends giving alcohol to the perishing. In classical Greek, the wine was an important part of breakfast, while Roman citizens included alcohol in their meals beginning in the first century. Documents from the Middle Age indicate that alcohol of low strength was an everyday drink in Europe.
Distilled Alcohol
The first evidence of distillation was obtained from a Greek alchemist in the 1st century AD. The Persian and Arab scientists used distillation in their alchemical experiments. The distillation of alcohol in China began around the 1st century during the Han Dynasty. However, the first certain and dated evidence of alcohol distillation dates back to 12th century, from the School of Salerno. In Medieval Europe, the consumption of alcoholic drinks was linked to poor public sanitation and was considered a way of avoiding water-borne diseases. The concept of distillation of alcohol was considered the cheapest and safest way of killing disease-causing microorganisms.
Scientific Discovery and Modern Consumption
To learn more about the ability of human ancestors to digest alcohol, scientists studied the genes found on a digestive enzyme known as ADH4. The enzymes were obtained from the intestines of primates. The results of the scientific research suggested that the early human beings had the ability to break down alcoholic substances. The first model of the evolution of alcohol drinking indicates that alcoholic substances entered the human body after human beings began storing food leading to the development of the fermentation of food about 10,000 years ago. The early modern church (15th to 19th century) considered alcohol a gift from God to be used moderately and for enjoyment, but not for drunkenness. The production and distribution of spirit spread slowly and only became popular in the 18th century. Sparkling champagne made its debut in the 17th century. The overabundance of corn, especially in America, led to hearty drinking tradition which was characterized by many types of alcohol and heavy drinking.
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Calculating the difference between two time stamps
Excel _PHONE_ 2010 2007 2003
Because time stamps are represented as serial numbers, you can subtract the earlier time from the later time to get the difference.
For example, if cell A2 contains 9:00:00 and cell B2 contains 17:30:00, the following formula returns 08:30:00 (a difference of eight hours and 30 minutes):
= B2 - A2
Formula in Excel 2013
If the subtraction results in a negative value, however, it becomes an invalid time; Excel displays a series of hash marks (#######) because a time without a date has a date series number of 0. A negative time results in a negative series number, which is not permitted.
If the direction of the time difference doesn't matter, you can use the ABS function to return the absolute value of the difference:
= ABS (B3 - A3)
ABS Formula in Excel 2013
This negative time problem often occurs when calculating an elapsed time - for example, calculating the number of hours worked given a start time and an end time. This presents no problem if the two times fall in the same day. But if the work shift spans midnight, the result is an negative time.
For example, you may start work at 08:00 PM and end work at 5:00 AM the next day. Using the ABS function (to calculate the absolute value) isn't an option in this case because it returns the wrong result (15 hours). The following formula, however, does work:
= IF (B3 < A3, B3 + 1, B3) - A3
IF Formula in Excel 2013
In fact, another formula (even simple) can do the job:
= MOD (B3 - A3, 1)


text:
Recovery of Freshwater Stored in Saline Aquifers in Peninsular Floridaby Michael L. Merritt, US Geological Survey, Miami, FL, USA,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution
Abstract: Subsurface freshwater storage has been operationally tested at seven sites in central and south Florida. Injection was into a high chloride water aquifer at six sites, and into a high sulfate water aquifer at the seventh. Recovery efficiency has ranged from 0 to 75 percent in high chloride water aquifers, and has exceeded 100 percent in the high sulfate water aquifer. Computer modeling techniques were used to examine the geohydrologic, design, and management factors governing the recovery efficiency of subsurface freshwater storage. The modeling approach permitted many combinations of geohydrologic and operational conditions to be studied at relatively low cost.
Subject Headings: Aquifers | Salinity | Salt water | Water conservation | Fresh water | Water resources | Hydrologic models | Underground storage | Water level | Water storage | North America | Florida | United States
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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A printing pool is one logical printer connected to multiple printers through multiple ports of theprint server. The printer that is idle receives the next document sent to the logical printer. Whenprinting to a printer pool, the spooler will send waiting jobs to alternate ports. If the original or alternateports are not available
 3. NLB for printing is not supported
 4. Would need 2 nodes
A printing pool is one logical printer connected to multiple printers through multiple ports of the print server. The printer that is idle receives the next document sent to the logical printer. This is useful in a network with a high volume of printing because it decreases the time users wait for theirdocuments.
A printing pool also simplifies administration because multiple printers can be managed from the same logicalprinter on a server. If one device within a pool stops printing, the current document is held at that device. The succeedingdocuments print to other devices in the pool, while the delayed document waits until the nonfunctioningprinter is fixed. Efficient printer pools have the following characteristics:
All printers in the pool are the same model.
Printer ports can be of the same type or mixed (parallel, serial, and network). It is recommended that all printers be in one location. Because it is impossible to predict which printer willreceive the
document, keep all printers in a pool in a single location. Otherwise, users might have a hard timefinding their printed document.
_URL_ _URL_ _URL_
You can create a printing pool to automatically distribute print jobs to the next available printer. A printing poolis one logical printer connected to multiple printers through multiple ports of the print server. The printer that isidle receives the next document sent to the logical printer.
Question No.60
You have a server named Server2 that runs Windows Server 2012 R2. You open Server Manager on Server2 as shown in the exhibit. (Click the Exhibit button.) The Everyone group has read share permission and read NTFS permission to Sources.
You need to ensure that when users browse the network, the Sources share is not visible. What should you do?
image
 1. From the properties of the Sources folder, remove the Sources share, and then share the Sources folder as Sourc
 2. From the properties of the Sources folder, deny the List Folder Contents permission for the Everyone group
 3. From the properties of the Sources share, configure access-based enumeration
 4. From the properties of the Sources folder, configure the hidden attribute
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
 1. need to remove the old share, $ creates a hidden share
 2. This would deny everyine
 3. This feature allows users of Windows Server 2003-Based file servers to list only the files and folders towhich they have access when browsing content on the file server
 4. This would hide the physical folder not the share
A hidden share is identified by a dollar sign ($) at the end of the share name Hidden shares are not listed when you look through the shares on a computer or use the quot;net viewquot; command Why Use Hidden Shares? Using hidden shares on your network is useful if you do not want a shared folder or drive on the network to beeasily accessible. Hidden shares can add another layer of protection for shared files against unauthorizedpeople connecting to your network. Using hidden shares helps eliminate the chance for people to guess yourpassword (or be logged into an authorized Windows account) and then receive access to the shared resource.
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Ecotones turns your noise into soothing sounds
Adaptive noise-masking machine blends with the audio in your specific environment to create a relaxing individually crafted soundscape.
Updated at noon PST Tuesday with more detailed information on how Ecotones works.
You know those blaring horns and screeching tires outside your office window? Listen again; you're actually hearing the soothing sounds of a babbling brook.
Silicon Valley start-up Adaptive Sound Technologies is out with its first product, Ecotones. It's an adaptive noise-masking machine that blends with the audio in your specific environment to create a relaxing individually crafted soundscape called a "SoundStory."
Adaptive Sound Technologies
In the event a loud truck suddenly came by, for example, Ecotones would instantly and automatically raise the volume level and insert a custom sound, such as a loud crashing wave or a seal barking, to help mask the change in the background noise. When the truck passed, Ecotones would resume the quiet ocean surf background. Because it reacts dynamically, Ecotones only uses enough volume to cover the offending noise.
Primary audio tracks are mixed with hundreds of individual secondary sounds in a pseudo-random way to create audio that's less repetitive than that of the typical sound-dimming machine or CD. The company says its audio backgrounds are so vivid and realistic (listen to a few of them yourself below) you'll forget the unit's in the room. Until your boss starts yelling again, that is.
You can use Ecotones to mask noise from loud neighbors, traffic, aircraft, annoying machinery, or any other manner of cacophony. Personally, I'd like to see which SoundStory it creates from the chorus of reporters and editors yelling across the room on a busy day here at CNET News. Would we morph into the Distant Thunderstorm (listen to MP3), Nature's Meadow (listen to MP3), or Crackling Fireplace (listen to MP3)? You can hear even clearer versions of those and other sounds on this page.
Ecotones uses a patented system of digital signal processing techniques to analyze background sound and dynamically generate the SoundStories. Adaptive sound processors use 32-bit technology to execute an algorithm needed to respond to background sounds within a tenth of a second.
The unit measures a compact 6.125 inches x 7.5 inches x 5.5 inches and has a frequency range of 90Hz to 20,000Hz. A headphone jack enables private listening as well as connection to an external stereo or audio amplifier. Also included is an adjustable sleep timer. All that peace and quiet will cost you, though--$299.95 at Hammacher Schlemmer.
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text:
Using the osql Utility
Topic last updated -- January 2004
The osql utility is a Microsoft® Win32® command prompt utility for ad hoc, interactive execution of Transact-SQL statements and scripts.
The osql utility is typically used in these ways:
- Users interactively enter Transact-SQL statements in a manner similar to working on the command prompt. The results are displayed in the command prompt window.
- Users submit an osql job either specifying a single Transact-SQL statement to execute or pointing the utility to a text file that contains Transact-SQL statements to execute. The output is usually directed to a text file, but it also can be displayed in the command prompt window.
To use osql interactively or to build script files to be run using osql, users must understand Transact-SQL. The following sections of SQL Server Books Online document building Transact-SQL statements:
|Accessing and Changing Relational Data Overview||Documents how to build Transact-SQL statements from individual syntax elements and to build multiple Transact-SQL statements into batches or scripts.|
|Creating and Maintaining Databases Overview||Documents how to use Transact-SQL statements to create databases and all the data objects in a database. Also documents some database maintenance functions.|
|Administering SQL Server Overview||Documents the administration tasks that can be performed on instances of SQL Server and SQL Server databases. The topic for each administration task indicates any Transact-SQL statement that can be used to perform the task.|
|Transact-SQL Overview||This is the start of the Transact-SQL Reference, which documents the full syntax of every Transact-SQL statement.|
Comparing the osql and isql Utilities
The osql utility uses the ODBC database application programming interface (API). It is a replacement for the isql command prompt utility based on the DB-Library API. Both utilities are provided with Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000. The DB-Library API remains at a SQL Server 6.5 level; therefore, applications that depend on DB-Library, such as isql, do not support some SQL Server 2000 features. For example, isql cannot access columns defined with the ntext data type and truncates any char, varchar, nchar, or nvarchar columns longer than 255 bytes. It also cannot retrieve results as XML documents. Except for these limitations in isql, both osql and isql support the same features. For more information about features not supported by isql, see Connecting Early Version Clients to SQL Server 2000.


bool OEMMFFAtomTypes(OEMolBase &mol)
Assigns MMFF94 integer atom type to atoms in passed molecule. Returns true when all atom types are successfully assigned.
The correct atom typing requires the following conditions:
 - The molecule has to have explicit hydrogens.
 - The molecule has to have (MMFF) aromaticity model.
We highly recommend assigning MMFF partial charges to a molecule by calling the OEAssignCharges function with the OEMMFF94Charges class of the Quacpac TK.


text:
Forest Management, a segment in the E Connection Series | The E Connection
Resource type: Video - Curriculum
What is a day in the life of a forester like what do the people who maintain our state forests actually do? The goal of a forester is to provide the best crop of timber possible, while still maintaining the forestsą diversity for future growth and wildlife habitat. Foresters from the Aitkin area DNR office inspect and mark a stand of trees, in this case oak, for selective thinning. Foresters are also using new technology to help manage state land. With satellite and aerial photography, they can quickly survey Minnesota land and share information through the Internet.
Privacy Statement | SEEK is a program of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency


All posts tagged: Ruby Wax
The Mindfulness Revolution
No doubt you've heard the word Mindfulness being thrown around a lot recently, it's the Number One wellbeing buzzword and everyone from Ruby Wax to Goldie Hawn is singing its praises. But what is Mindfulness and why is it so beneficial? In essence, Mindfulness is purposefully paying attention and being aware in the present moment. Intentionally observing (but not clinging onto) your thoughts and feelings without judgement. This can be experienced at any moment, in any situation, but is best practised in a quiet room without distractions. Meditation is a great way to begin learning the Art of Mindfulness, just 10 minutes every day (preferably at the same time each morning) can make a big difference. What does Mindfulness actually do? Mindfulness improves focus and levels of concentration. Two incredibly important skills in this information age when we're continually bombarded with enormous amounts of information and endless digital distractions. Mindfulness provides clarity of thought. In essence, once you slow down your mind and begin to understand the landscape of your thoughts and feelings in more …
Ruby Wax: Sane New World
I recently discovered a fantastic Ted Talk on Mental illness by comedy legend Ruby Wax. Notorious for her writing and comedy sketches, she recently gained a Masters from Oxford University in Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy and has become an avid mental health campaigner. This 8 minute talk covers Ruby's own experiences of mental health, being institutionalised, finding her tribe and discussing how ill equipped we are for life in the 21st Century. WATCH HER TED TALK HERE. Ruby is currently on a UK tour with her new show Ruby Wax: Sane New World – an extension of this TED talk. You can also catch her at the St. James Theatre in Victoria next March.


text:
Bypass Absorptionmeter Nitrate
Nitrates are nitrogen compounds that occur naturally in the soil, but also enter the soil as a component of fertilizers. Even a small amount of nitrate in drinking water can pose a health risk! Sigrist ColorPlus 3 offers you online measurement of nitrate. As a light source, a long-lived xenon flash lamp is used having a very low loss of intensity over a long time! The medium is measured with two optical path lengths from which any soiling is determined. The value measured is automatically corrected and the instrument informs the user when the measuring cell has to be cleaned. The PVC cover can be removed without tools. Free access to the optics allows simple cleaning of the measuring cell. The instrument indicates any maintenance due. The control unit SICON selectively displays values, graphs, status and alarms on state-of-the-art touchscreen technology and colour display. Internal data storage allows the visualization of the measurements over the last 32 days. The instrument is used in the treatment of drinking water.


text:
Most keyfobs out there that open cars, garage doors, and gates use a rolling code for security. This works by transmitting a different key every time you press the button. If the keys line up, the signal is considered legitimate and the door opens.
[Spencer] took a look into hacking rolling code keyfobs using low cost software-defined radio equipment. There's two pars of this attack. The first involves jamming the frequency the keyfob transmits on while recording using a RTL-SDR dongle. The jamming signal prevents the receiver from acknowledging the request, but it can be filtered out using GNU Radio to recover the key.
Since the receiver hasn't seen this key yet, it will still be valid. By replaying the key, the receiver can be tricked. To pull off the replay, GNU Radio was used to demodulate the amplitude shift keying (ASK) signal used by the transmitter. This was played out of a computer sound card into a ASK transmitter module, which sent out a valid key.


Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, inhibits growth and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma via blockade of the rage signaling.
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PGZ), a synthetic PPARγ ligand, is known to have anti-tumor activity. However, it is unclear how it acts against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesized that the pathological receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in the PGZ anti-tumor process. To test this notion, human primary HCC tissues and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCT) from 75 consecutive cases were analyzed. The expression and clinical significance of RAGE was assessed by immunohistochemical assay through tissue microarray. After HCC cells were pretreated with different concentrations of PGZ, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell invasion, and cell cycle distribution were evaluated by multiple assays. The results showed that, the positive expression of RAGE was significantly higher in HCC tissues than in ANCT (66.7% vs. 36.0%, P < 0.001), and was closely associated with pathological staging (P = 0.014) and lymph-vascular space invasion (P = 0.003). Moreover, PGZ inhibited proliferative activity and invasive potential, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCC cells resulting in increased expression of PPARγ and decreased expression of RAGE, NF-κB, HMGB1, p38MAPK, Ki-67, MMP-2, and CyclinD1. Furthermore, knockdown of RAGE or NF-κB by siRNA effectively suppressed cell proliferation and invasion, and mediated the inhibitory effects of PGZ in HCC cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that, RAGE is overexpressed in human HCC tissues, and is closely associated with the pathological staging and tumor invasion of HCC. In addition, PGZ as a PPARγ agonist may inhibit growth and invasion of HCC cells via blockade of the RAGE signaling.
DOI: 10.1002/mc.22231
8 Figures and Tables
Cite this paper
@article{Yang2015PioglitazoneAP, title={Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, inhibits growth and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma via blockade of the rage signaling.}, author={Yuan Yang and Ling-hao Zhao and Bo Huang and Ruo-yu Wang and Sheng-xian Yuan and Qi-fei Tao and Yong Xu and Han-Yong Sun and Chuan Chi Lin and Weiping Zhou}, journal={Molecular carcinogenesis}, year={2015}, volume={54 12}, pages={1584-95} }


Lab: More OWL
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Lab 13: More OWL
OWL ontology programming with RDFlib.
Classes and methods
In Lab 8 you have already used these classes and methods:
 - ModelFactory (createOntologyModel),
 - Model (createList, write),
 - OntClass, Individual, DatatypeProperty, and ObjectProperty.
In this lab you may also use the following ones:
 - OntModel (createAllValuesFromRestriction, create(Min/Max)CardinalityQRestriction, create(Min/Max)CardinalityRestriction, createEnumeratedClass, createHasValueRestriction, createInverseFunctionalProperty, createSomeValuesFromRestriction, createUnionClass)
Create or Extend a previous graph into an ontology that expresses the following using concepts from OWL (and some from RDF/RDFS):
 - anyone who is a graduate has at least one degree
 - anyone who is a university graduate has at least one degree from a university
 - a grade is either an A, B, C, D, E or F
 - a straight A student is a student that has only A grades
 - a graduate has no F grades
 - a student has a unique student number
 - each student has exactly one average grade
 - a course is either a bachelor, a master or a Ph.D course
 - a bachelor student takes only bachelor courses
 - a masters student takes only master courses and at most one bachelor course
 - a Ph.D student takes only Ph.D and at most two masters courses
 - a Ph.D. student cannot take a bachelor course
Write each of the above statements as python code using RDFlib and OWL.
Code to get started
 import owlrl from rdflib import Graph, Literal, Namespace, BNode from rdflib.namespace import RDF, OWL from rdflib.collection import Collection
g = Graph() ex = Namespace("") g.bind("ex", ex) g.bind("owl", OWL)
 1. anyone who is a graduate has at least one degree
br = BNode() g.add((br, RDF.type, OWL.Restriction)) g.add((br, OWL.onProperty, g.add((br, OWL.minCaridinality, Literal(1))) bi = BNode() Collection(g, bi, [ex.Person, br]) g.add((ex.Graduate, OWL.intersectionOf, bi))
 1. Continue here with the other statements:
If You Have More Time
In earlier labs we have modeled and programmed a scenario. You will find the descriptions at the end of this text.
Scenarios from previous labs
In RDFS Plus: "Cade and Ines are two different persons. All the countries mentioned above are different. The country USA above is the same as the DBpedia resource (dbr:United_States) and the GeoNames resource (gn:_PHONE_). The person class (the RDF type the Cade and Ines resources) in your graph is the same as FOAF's,'s and AKT's person classes (they are,, and, respectively, but on paper you can use prefixes). Nothing can be any two of a person, a university, a city, and a person at the same time. The property you have used in your RDF/RDFS graph to represent that 94709 is the US zip code of Berkeley, California in US is a subproperty of VCard's postal code-property ( No two US cities can have the same postal code. The property you have used for Ines living in Valencia is the same property as FOAF's based near-property (, and it is the inverse of DBpedia's hometown property (, dbo:hometown). (This is not completely precise: but "hometown" is perhaps the inverse of a subproperty of "based near".)