Our Network @ Work
Breathing Freely While Fighting Fires
Lightweight Materials
Lifeline Firehose
Traditional air packs that firefighters wear provide oxygen for about 45 minutes. The tanks are bulky and heavy and restrict movement in or access to confined spaces. By giving firefighters a virtually unlimited air supply, the Lifeline Firehose could change how first responders approach fire scenes. The groundbreaking technology uses a patented coupler system, which delivers both air and fire suppressants through a double-jacketed fire hose system to the end of the nozzle.
Lifeline Firehouse was able to reinvent fire hose technology to provide firefighters with an unlimited air supply and more flexibility in battling fires so they can better attend to downed personnel and victims. They did so by partnering with the DoD-sponsored LIFT, a manufacturing innovation institute and a member of the Manufacturing USA network.
LIFT engineers helped Lifeline Firehose envision and refine the lightweight coupler system and the prototyping was done at LIFT's innovative High Bay facility in Detroit. High Bay is a 100,000-square-foot facility that opened in 2015 to help private sector members develop, optimize and commercialize their innovations in metrology and lightweight materials manufacturing. It includes design and machining capabilities.
The Lifeline Firehose system needed to work within current dynamics to have any chance of widespread adoption and impact. The system is NFPA 1962 compliant and works with existing equipment, including the standard Buddy Breather couplers that firefighters under duress have relied on to plug into an emergency air supply. The system can be operated through Lifeline Firehose's Mobile Air Cart or retrofitted into the fire engine itself. The hose can extend up to 300 feet.
This firehose breakthrough is an example of how advanced manufacturing increasingly plays a critical role in the U.S. innovation ecosystem, supporting U.S. technological competitiveness and driving product and process improvements that strengthen the U.S. economy.


crayfishInternal Anatomy of the Crayfish
Directions: Follow the directions step-by-step, locating each of the structures in the order they appear in the directions. You may want to review or reference terms you don't remember (It is expected that you know the terms: cephalothorax, thorax, rostrum, and dorsal before you start this dissection). You may use your book diagrams to help you locate the organs. *Check the box next to the number when you have completed that step.
1. Place the specimen in the dissecting tray dorsal side up.checkbox
2. Carefully insert the point of the scissors under the top of the carapace (shell) at the back of the cephalothorax and cut up the middle to the rostrum. checkbox
3. Cut acrss the carapace just back behind the eyes and remove the two pieces of the carapace. checkbox
4. Note the exposed gills. (Feathery like structures just under the carapace you just remove.) checkbox
5. Remove the exposed gills and legs attached to the thorax. Carefully separate the dorsal layer of muscles in the thorax and note the light colored heart just underneath. checkbox
6. Remove the heart. The two light colored masses extending on each side of the body into the head are the digestive glands. (The heart is located just posterior to these.) checkbox
7. Between the digestive glands, you will find the small pair of white reproductive organs and cuts in the male animal. If your specimen is female, you will probably see a large mass of dark colored eggs. checkbox
8. To locate the intestine, insert the point of the cissors under the dorsal side of the shell of the abdomen and cut back to the telson. Spread the shell, and the intestine will be found as a tube on the tops side of the muscles of the abdomen. checkbox
9. Trace it forward to the point where the intestine joins the large, thin walled stomach in the front part of the cephalothorax. checkbox
10. Now, remove all the organs in the thorax by cutting the short esophagus below the stomach and the bands of muscle holding the stomach just back of the eyes. You should be able to lift out most of the internal organs in one piece. checkbox
11. Clean out the remaining tissue in the head so that the green glands (kidneys) are exposed. checkbox
12. In the front part of the head cavity, between the eyes, not the small mass of white tissue, the brain. checkbox
13. Trace the nerves that go from the brain to the antennae and eyes. checkbox
14. Cut the hard tissue on the flore of the thorax with your scalpel so that you can follow the ventral nerve cord back from the brain to the abdomen. checkbox
15. Spread the shell of the abdomen apart and pull out the large muscle. (This is the part of the body eatern in shrimp and lobsters.) checkbox
16. Note the nerve cord that is now exposed on the floor of the abdomen. The enlargements of the nerve cord in each segment of the abdomen are the ganglia. checkbox
Label as many structures as you can on the picture.


text:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
Academic Editor: Joaquim J. Júdice
Copyright © 2009 Mehmet Kurban and Ümmühan Başaran Filik. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The unit commitment (UC) problem which is an important subject in power system engineering is solved by using Lagragian relaxation (LR), penalty function (PF), and augmented Lagrangian penalty function (ALPF) methods due to their higher solution quality and faster computational time than metaheuristic approaches. This problem is considered to be a nonlinear programming-(NP-) hard problem because it is nonlinear, mixed-integer, and nonconvex. These three methods used for solving the problem are based on dual optimization techniques. ALPF method which combines the algorithmic aspects of both LR and PF methods is firstly used for solving the UC problem. These methods are compared to each other based on feasible schedule for each stage, feasible cost, dual cost, duality gap, duration time, and number of iterations. The numerical results show that the ALPF method gives the best duality gap, feasible and dual cost instead of worse duration time and the number of iterations. The four-unit Tuncbilek thermal plant which is located in Kutahya region in Turkey is chosen as a test system in this study. The programs used for all the analyses are coded and implemented using general algebraic modeling system (GAMS).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The impact of a criminal charge on your college career
The impact of a criminal charge on your college career
| Jun 9, 2020 | Drug crimes |
For many young adults, getting into college may seem like an achievement in and of itself. However, quite a few people have to work hard to find ways to pay for college, and many students who start don't finish.
Some aspiring collegiates will drop out because of the academically-rigorous requirements of higher education. Others will have no choice but to set aside their desire for a degree when they wind up facing criminal charges.
College can present opportunities to get in trouble
For many students, their time in college is when they learn about themselves by experimenting with drugs and alcohol, pursuing brief romantic relationships and generally making as many mistakes as possible. Learning from those mistakes and experiments can help turn a young adult into a responsible and contributing member of society.
Although college can be a time of social experimentation and personal growth, drinking, drugs and intense interpersonal interactions can all potentially result in criminal charges. College students may have disproportionately more serious consequences when compared with the average young adults if they get arrested and charged with a crime.
A conviction can affect your enrollment
Depending on the school and program that you enrolled in, there may be specific behavioral requirements or restrictions that affect your ability to enroll. Some colleges have student handbooks that forbid any kind of criminal activity, while others have more vague policies that may require a hearing for those convicted of a crime.
Some schools will end their in-house financial aid for a student with a criminal conviction, while others may rescind their offer of enrollment for that student, end their eligibility for athletics or even require that a student find off-campus housing in order to remain enrolled.
Criminal convictions can affect scholarships and other financial aid
Paying for college is a massive challenge for many young adults. Scholarship, subsidized loans, grants and work-study programs to help make college tuition a feasible expenditure for many people enrolled in college.
Unfortunately, many kinds of convictions, including drug convictions, can prevent someone from receiving federal student aid, sometimes indefinitely. Defending yourself against allegations now will protect your enrollment in college and your ability to pay for your education.


text:
Over deze norm
1.1 These test methods cover fixed detention hollow metal vision systems of various materials and types of construction. These fixed hollow metal vision systems are used in wall openings in detention and correctional institutions designed to incarcerate inmates.
1.2 Frame assemblies investigated under these test methods include individual components including detention security hollow metal frames, frame anchoring, security glazing, panels, and removable glazing stops.
1.3 These test methods are designed to test the capability of a fixed detention hollow metal vision system to prevent, delay, and frustrate escape; to limit or control access to unauthorized or secured areas; and prevent passage of contraband.
1.4 These test methods apply primarily to detention hollow metal vision systems between secure areas generally found inside a detention/correctional facility such as: day rooms, control rooms, cells, and sally ports. These test methods are applicable to vision systems other than hollow metal, provided testing and reporting procedures are followed.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Test Methods for Detention Hollow Metal Vision Systems|
|Engelse titel||Standard Test Methods for Detention Hollow Metal Vision Systems|


text:
Escallonia Hedge Plants
Escallonia are mostly evergreen shrubs and native to South America. They are widely cultivated and commonly used as a hedging plant, especially coastal areas. Escallonia grow about 30cm per year and can reach an ultimate height of 10ft. They have beautiful arching branches with small, oval glossy green leaves that pull out the vibrant flower colours that will make gardens burst with colour. Flowering is from June to October with a strong show of pink or crimson flowers with a honey fragrance.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Running background workers on anynines
Background workers are good for you
As time and coding goes, your application will grow and become more and more complex. In such a system you will sometimes have to run time-consuming tasks or tasks that are very computationally intensive. You know what this means – app slows down to a crawl.
Fortunately, this is where background jobs/workers come into play.
With background workers you can save jobs in a queue and process them later without blocking your current thread. You can even run several jobs in parallel!
Another advantage of background jobs is the better user experience. When you execute time-consuming jobs in the background, requests return immediately and users don't have to wait and get angry at you. They just browse your website and get notified when the job is done.
Since Rails 4.2 it's very easy to use different background workers in your application. In this version they introduced Active Job. That's a framework for declaring jobs and making them run on different queueing backends. It provides a place for jobs in your rails apps and ensures that you don't have to worry about differences between various background workers like Resque, Sidekig or DelayedJob.
So, how do we use background workers in our apps?
Workers at work
In our example app we'll use Rails 4.2 to benefit from the features of Active Job. As the background worker we'll use DelayedJob, a database-based asynchronous priority queue system.
The finished app can be found here. It's a simple blog app from the rails guides, but in our example we use a background job to delete comments.
When you have set up the base app we can start implementing the background job.
Integrate DelayedJob
First, add the gem to your Gemfile:
gem 'delayed_job_active_record'
And install it with:
bundle install
As DelayedJob is based on a database, you have to create the required table:
rails generate delayed_job:active_record rake db:migrate
Now let's make sure that our app uses the desired background worker – in order to do that, specify the adapter in config/application.rb:
module Rails4WorkerExample
class Application < Rails::Application
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :delayed_job
# comments and other things
end
end
After you've configured everything correctly, let's create your first job.
Create your job
Rails has a built-in generator for creating jobs. To create a job run in your console:
rails generate job delete_comment_job
The generated jobs are located in app/jobs. A job looks like as follows:
class DeleteCommentJob < ActiveJob::Base
queue_as :default
def perform(*args)
# Do something later
end
end
Now update the perform method so that it deletes a comment:
def perform(comment_id)
# Do something later
sleep 5
comment = Comment.find comment_id
comment.destroy end
Your job is ready! We just have to use it in our app.
Use your job
As the job deletes comments, we'll use it in the destroy method of our comments_controller:
def destroy
@article = Article.find(params[:article_id])
@comment = @article.comments.find(params[:id])
DeleteCommentJob.perform_later(@comment.id)
redirect_to article_path(@article)
end
To add a job to the job queue, call perform_later on our DeleteCommentsJob class. At this point, DelayedJob will run the job for you in the background. Just sit and enjoy your coffee :)
Aaaand we're almost there – the last thing you have to do is deploy the app on anynines and try it out.
Let's deploy! Enter anynines
Let us deploy your app on anynines. First, you have to select the anynines api:
cf api _URL_
Then login with your credentials and select your org and space:
 cf login
 cf target -o <your org_name> -s <your space_name>
Before you can push your app to anynines, you need to create the required service. In this case it's mysql:
 cf create-service mysql Pluto-free <SERVICE NAME>
After that we create 2 manifest files: app_manifest.yml for the app and worker_manifest.yml for the worker.
app_manifest.yml
---
applications:
- name: <APP NAME>
 memory: 512M
 instances: 1
 host: <APP NAME>
 domain: de.a9sapp.eu
 path: .
 buildpack: _URL_
 services:
 - <SERVICE NAME>
worker_manifest.yml
---
applications:
- name: <WORKER NAME>
 memory: 512M
 instances: 1
 path: .
 no-route: true
 command: bundle exec rake jobs:work
 buildpack: _URL_
 services:
 - <SERVICE NAME>
They may look almost the same but have some important differences. In the worker_manifest.yml we set the option no-route to true so that no route is assigned to our worker. With the command option we can specify our custom start command for the worker.
Both need the same mysql service, though – otherwise our worker and app won't work together.
Now's the time to deploy the app and worker to anynines:
cf push -f app_manifest.yml
cf push -f worker_manifest.yml
The app is now available at <APP_NAME>.de.a9sapp.eu. To see the effect of our background job, do the following:
 - create an article and write some comments,
 - delete a comment,
 - and refresh yout page after 5 sec – voila! the comment is gone
Our brave background worker is doing its job perfectly. And you know how to configure your rails app to use background jobs and handle complex work in the background!
Workers work wonders
When you have a time-consuming or complex task you should definitely use background workers. Your users will thank you for the better user experience – they won't wait while their tasks are executed and the requests will return immediately. Plus, background workers also make your app more scalable and easier to manage. With Active Job you can now easily declare jobs and run them on different queueing backends.
It all boils down to one thing – just add more workers if you need them!
Hope you liked my blog post – you can tweet directly. Follow @anynines for more hosting news and tutorials!
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text:
Mobile networks are expected provide consistent quality of experience across the service area. Yet, intercell interference is one of the main causes for the inconsistent user experience in contemporary mobile systems especially when the universal reuse of spectrum is applied. To mitigate and/or even exploit the intercell interference, coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission/reception has been considered as a promising technique and it is incorporated in the fourth generation mobile standard. Various CoMP techniques have been investigated in literature and practice, each offering differing trade-offs between performance and implementation requirements. Thus, effective use of various CoMP realizations requires thorough understanding of the mentioned trade-offs associated with each CoMP technique. The contribution of this thesis includes practical approaches for development of effective CoMP transmission methods. Dissertation investigates the methods from three perspectives, namely: by proposing a flexible and practical hierarchical feedback structure to effectively combine different beamforming techniques in CoMP transmission; by studying the performance degradation of CoMP systems due to channel power imbalance in practical CoMP methods with limited feedback; and by evaluating CoMP performance gains in realistic urban deployment scenarios using deterministic 3D propagation models. Performance results reveal that in addition to implementation flexibility, notable performance gain can be achieved by simple limited feedback CoMP methods. Our results also demonstrate that the use of amplitude feedback – fast or slow – is important to effectively compensate the impact of channel power imbalance. Furthermore, our results show that CoMP may significantly relax the capacity gap between backhaul and access links of self-backhauled low power nodes.
|Julkaisun otsikon käännös||On Performance of Limited Feedback Coordinated Multipoint Transmission for Mobile Systems|
|Tila||Julkaistu - 2016|


text:
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Southern Wetland Flora
Field Office Guide to Plant Species
Paspalum urvillei Steud.
- Family: Grass (Poaceae)
- Flowering: May-September
- Field Marks: This paspalum has silky hairs that are longer than the spikelets; spikelets 1/8-1/10 inch long, and 8-22 racemes in the panicle.
- Habitat: Moist soil.
- Habit: Tufted perennial with short rhizomes.
- Stems: Upright, smooth or sparsely pubescent, up to 6 feet tall.
- Leaves: Long, narrow, up to 1/2 inch broad, smooth except near the base; base of sheaths with
- Flowers: One per spikelet; spikelets borne in 8-22 racemes arranged in a panicle; each raceme
up to 5 inches long.
- Spikelets: Arranged in 4 rows, ellipsoid, pointed at the tip, long silky-hairy.
- Stamens: 3.
- Pistils: Ovary superior.
- Grains: Brownish, oblongoid, about 1/10 inch long.
- Notes: This is one of the few species in this genus that has hairy spikelets. It is also the tallest
species in this genus.
Previous Species -- Brown-seed Paspalum (Paspalum plicatulum)
Return to Species List -- Group 2
Next Species -- Carolina Canary Grass (Phalaris caroliniana)


text:
- Should she remain or move on?
- The man is explaining why he made a particular decision. Is he being truthful?
- What does the brunet's body language say?
- The blond should leave. If the brunet would have turned her feet (to point towards you the viewer), the other woman would have been welcomed into the group. She didn't so this is a private matter.
- With his palms exposed and by forcefully gesturing while making his point, he feels he's telling the truth as he knows it.
- She'd rather not be involved in this conversation. Three indicators: her distance from the man, her lean away from him, and her hands protecting her torso. Her smile is simply a "cover" and the least reliable of the cluster of gestures.


text:
A Collecting and Distribution System of Urban Traffic Information Based on Video Events Detection
A collection and distribution scheme of urban intelligent traffic information based on video events detection is presented in this paper. In this scheme, advanced technology of computer vision, digital image processing technology, database technology, communications technology, control technology, image sensor technology and system integration technology are integrated and applied in the transportation field effectively to achieve the collection and processing of various urban traffic information and the release of integrated information, thereby traffic jams and accidents are reduced effectively. Therefore, the scheme is of great significance to promote the rapid development of transportation business and speed up the informatization process of urban transportation. And in the paper, the bus information collection and release system is employed as an example to explain the application of the system.
Helen Zhang, Gang Shen and David Jin
X. Chen et al., "A Collecting and Distribution System of Urban Traffic Information Based on Video Events Detection", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 204-210, pp. _PHONE_, 2011


TL;DR:
SQS as a write stream.
Installation
npm i node-sqs-stream
or
yarn add node-sqs-stream
Link to Github project - _URL_
If you've worked in Node.js for a while, you've probably heard of streams. I spent years knowing that streams exist, but never understood how they worked. Streams are one of the fundamental concepts that power Node.js applications. I learnt how streams work only recently and have been applying them in my projects for great results.
Node SQS Stream
A Writable stream interface for AWS SQS. Stream data to AWS SQS directly from your read/transform streams. Uses SQS batch send to reduce costs. Batteries not included! Pass in your sqs client:
const sqsClient = new AWS.SQS({apiVersion: '2012-11-05'});
const sqsStream = new SQSWritableStream({
 sqsClient: sqsClient,
 queueUrl: 'http://example-sqs-url',
});
someStream.pipe(sqsStream);
Motivation
I had a use case where the contents of an entire Postgres database had to be transformed and then pushed to a SQS queue. One way to do this was to fetch results from Postgres in batches, transform and then send to SQS. However, while waiting for the next batch from Postgres, the process was essentially idle. This time could have been utilized for transformation or sending data to SQS also. The final solution was to stream results from Postgres using the excellent pg-query-stream, use a custom Transform stream for my data transformation and then pipe the results into node-sqs-stream.
Why Streams
Consider a use case where you need to run a series of tasks on a collection of data. For example - Read data from a file, convert it to upper case and then write it back to another file. Your code might look like this:
const fs = require('fs');
//Callbacks
fs.readFile('in.txt', (err, data) => {
 if (err) return;
 const upperCase = data.toString().toUpperCase();
 fs.writeFile('out.txt', upperCase, (err, result) => {
 if (err) return;
 console.log('done callbacks');
 });
});
// Promises
fs.promises.readFile('in.txt')
 .then(data => data.toString().toUpperCase())
 .then(data => fs.promises.writeFile('out.txt', data))
 .then(result => console.log('done promises'))
 .catch(err => console.error(err));
// Async Await
(async () => {
 try {
 const data = await fs.promises.readFile('in.txt');
 const upperCase = data.toString().toUpperCase();
 await fs.promises.writeFile('out.txt', upperCase);
 console.log('done async/await');
 } catch (error) {
 console.error(error);
 }
})();
While all this is pretty straightforward, what happens when the file size is larger than available memory? All three methods above load the complete contents of the file in memory, modify them in memory and then write it back to another file. Streams can help us solve this problem. We can view the operation as 3 independent steps:
 1. Read bytes from a file
 2. Convert bytes to string and then uppercase it
 3. Write bytes to a file
The above code looks like this when implemented with streams:
const fs = require('fs');
// Read Stream
const inStream = fs.createReadStream('in.txt');
// Write Stream
const outStream = fs.createWriteStream('out.txt');
// Custom Transform Stream
const upperCaser = new Transform({
 transform(chunk, encoding, callback) {
 this.push(chunk.toString().toUpperCase());
 callback();
 }
});
// Push data from inStream -> upperCaser -> outStream
inStream.pipe(upperCaser).pipe(outStream);
You can run this code on a file with infinite size with limited memory resources. There are many resources online to explain how streams work in detail, but my TL;DR version is this:
Imagine a stream is dam. A dam has finite capacity. Water from the river keeps on flowing towards the dam. When the dam becomes full, it is opened till it can hold water again.
In the NodeJS world, each stream has a buffer. When the buffer is full, the contents of the buffer are sent to the next stream as a "chunk".
Further Reading


text:
It was June 15, 1669 and a French explorer by the name of Louis Jolliet would become the first documented European to find and explore Lake Erie.
Long before the summer Louis Jolliet found the lake, it was inhabited by a few small Native American tribes that lived off various parts of the the lake. The Erie tribe and the Attawandaron tribe were two of the peaceful or "neutral" tribes in the area. The Europeans were very familiar with both tribes and knew they refused to practice violence. Quite some time later, the lake was given its name, "Lake Erie" after the Erie tribe. "Erie" originally comes from the shortened version of "erielhonan", an Iroquoian word that means "long tail".
Though Jolliet was the first known European to explorer Lake Erie, his efforts were limited and many others would come to explore the region over the years.
After Jolliet's explorations on Lake Erie, he headed south for his next adventure to explore the Mississippi river. Over the years he continued to explore North America and eventually spent his later years further north in Canada.


text:
Children's rights in India : parents' and teachers' attitudes, knowledge and perceptions
Deb, Sibnath & Mathews, Benjamin P. (2012) Children's rights in India : parents' and teachers' attitudes, knowledge and perceptions. The International Journal of Children's Rights, 20(2), pp. 241-226.
Individuals' attitudes influence their behaviour towards children, including whether children's rights and welfare are promoted. The attitudes generally present in a society shape a culture of how children are perceived and treated. This study explored the attitudes and knowledge of 300
Indian parents and teachers regarding children's rights, and their perceptions about whether selected rights were secured in reality. Findings revealed that most parents and teachers had positive attitudes about children's rights, including rights to health and education, and freedom
from child marriage and inappropriate work. Yet, about one quarter of participants did not think children should have the rights to freedom of expression and association. Knowledge of laws promoting children's rights was poor. Most parents and teachers perceived a denial of seven key rights in Indian children's lived experience. Overall, fĳindings suggest a need to heighten awareness of children's rights and needs, which can improve attitudes towards the treatment of children. Effforts to heighten awareness and attitudes towards children's rights are
needed across society and in key sectors to enhance children's lived experience.
Citation countsare sourced monthly fromand citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from theindexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Keywords:||children's rights, India, law, maltreatment, attitudes, knowledge, parents and teachers|
|Subjects:||Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > LAW AND LEGAL STUDIES (180000) > LAW (180100) > Comparative Law (180106)|
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > LAW AND LEGAL STUDIES (180000) > LAW (180100) > Human Rights Law (180114)
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > LAW AND LEGAL STUDIES (180000) > LAW (180100) > Law and Society (180119)
|Divisions:||Current > Research Centres > Children & Youth Research Centre|
Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Faculty of Law
Current > Schools > School of Law
|Deposited On:||13 Aug 2012 10:29|
|Last Modified:||20 Aug 2012 11:35|
Repository Staff Only: item control page

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
What is the pressure on swimmer 20m below the surface of water?
=3 atm. Was this answer helpful?
What is the pressure on a swimmer 10m?
The pressure on a swimmer 10 m below the surface lake is: (Atmospheric pressure = 1.01×105Pa, Density of water = 1000kg/m3).
What is the pressure on a swimmer 10m below the surface of a lake atmospheric pressure is 1.01 105Pa?
g=10ms-2, atmospheric pressure = 1.01×105Pa. 2.01×105Pa≈2atm .
What is the absolute pressure at a depth of 10m in a lake?
Total Pressure at the depth of 10 m. = Atmospheric Pressure + Pressure calculated. = 198 × 10³ Pa. Hence, the Pressure at the depth of 10 m is 198 kPa.
What is the pressure at the surface of water?
If you are at sea level, each square inch of your surface is subjected to a force of 14.6 pounds. The pressure increases about one atmosphere for every 10 meters of water depth. At a depth of 5,000 meters the pressure will be approximately 500 atmospheres or 500 times greater than the pressure at sea level.
What is meant by gauge pressure?
Gauge pressure is the pressure measured relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure can be measured using a diaphragm sensor, where one side of the diaphragm is exposed to the pressure media that is to be measured, while the other side is exposed to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
What is the pressure 30m below the surface of a lake?
For every additional 10 meters deeper you dive, the pressure on your body increases by 1 bar. As you can see from the table below, our bodies are subject to 3 bars or atmospheres of pressure at a depth of 20 meters and 4 bar/atm at 30m.
What is the pressure at a depth of 100m below the surface of water?
⇒ The pressure due to the column of water at a depth of 100 m below the surface of the sea is 115000 kgf/m 2=1127.765 kPa. The atmospheric pressure at mean sea level is 101.325 kPa. ⇒ The pressure at a point 100 m below the surface of the sea is 101.325+1127.765=1229.090 kPa.
What is the value of absolute pressure in ATM at a depth of 1000 in the ocean?
Thus the absolute pressure at a depth of 1000 m in the ocean is P=104atm .
How do you calculate water pressure at depth?
We begin by solving the equation P = hρg for depth h: h=Pρg h = P ρ g . Then we take P to be 1.00 atm and ρ to be the density of the water that creates the pressure.
Which type of liquids pressure are measured using a manometer?
Liquid manometers measure differential pressure by balancing the weight of a liquid between two pressures. Light liquids such as water can measure small pressure differences; mercury or other heavy liquids are used for large pressure differences.


Clients Last Seen Reference
Introduction
The clients_last_seen dataset is useful for efficiently determining exact user counts such as DAU and MAU. It can also allow efficient calculation of other windowed usage metrics like retention via its bit pattern fields. It includes the most recent values in a 28 day window for all columns in the clients_daily dataset.
Content
For each submission_date this dataset contains one row per client_id that appeared in clients_daily in a 28 day window including submission_date and preceding days.
The days_since_seen column indicates the difference between submission_date and the most recent submission_date in clients_daily where the client_id appeared. A client observed on the given submission_date will have days_since_seen = 0.
Other days_since_ columns use the most recent date in clients_daily where a certain condition was met. If the condition was not met for a client_id in a 28 day window NULL is used. For example days_since_visited_5_uri uses the condition scalar_parent_browser_engagement_total_uri_count_sum >= 5. These columns can be used for user counts where a condition must be met on any day in a window instead of using the most recent values for each client_id.
The days_seen_bits field stores the daily history of a client in the 28 day window. The daily history is converted into a sequence of bits, with a 1 for the days a client is in clients_daily and a 0 otherwise, and this sequence is converted to an integer. A tutorial on how to use these bit patterns to create filters in SQL can be found in this notebook.
The rest of the columns use the most recent value in clients_daily where the client_id appeared.
Background and Caveats
User counts generated using days_since_seen only reflect the most recent values from clients_daily for each client_id in a 28 day window. This means Active MAU as defined cannot be efficiently calculated using days_since_seen because if a given client_id appeared every day in February and only on February 1st had scalar_parent_browser_engagement_total_uri_count_sum >= 5 then it would only be counted on the 1st, and not the 2nd-28th. Active MAU can be efficiently and correctly calculated using days_since_visited_5_uri.
MAU can be calculated over a GROUP BY submission_date[, ...] clause using COUNT(*), because there is exactly one row in the dataset for each client_id in the 28 day MAU window for each submission_date.
User counts generated using days_since_seen can use SUM to reduce groups, because a given client_id will only be in one group per submission_date. So if MAU were calculated by country and channel, then the sum of the MAU for each country would be the same as if MAU were calculated only by channel.
Accessing the Data
The data is available in Re:dash and BigQuery. Take a look at this full running example query in Re:dash.
Data Reference
Example Queries
Compute DAU for non-windows clients for the last week
SELECT
 submission_date,
 os,
 COUNT(*) AS count
FROM
 clients_last_seen
WHERE
 submission_date >= DATE_SUB(CURRENT_DATE, INTERVAL 1 WEEK)
 AND days_since_seen = 0
GROUP BY
 submission_date,
 os
HAVING
 count > 10 -- remove outliers
 AND lower(os) NOT LIKE '%windows%'
ORDER BY
 os,
 submission_date DESC
Compute WAU by Channel for the last week
SELECT
 submission_date,
 normalized_channel,
 COUNT(*) AS count
FROM
 clients_last_seen
WHERE
 submission_date >= DATE_SUB(CURRENT_DATE, INTERVAL 1 WEEK)
 AND days_since_seen < 7
GROUP BY
 submission_date,
 normalized_channel
HAVING
 count > 10 -- remove outliers
ORDER BY
 normalized_channel,
 submission_date DESC
Scheduling
This dataset is updated daily via the telemetry-airflow infrastructure. The job runs as part of the main_summary DAG.
Schema
The data is partitioned by submission_date.
As of 2019-03-25, the current version of the clients_last_seen dataset is v1, and the schema is visible in the BigQuery console here.
Code Reference
This dataset is generated by bigquery-etl. Refer to this repository for information on how to run or augment the dataset.


INT) prompts for the command to run when called interactively. A user-defined command can do that with (call-interactively 'compile). Make compile-command local to the function scope if you want to run a temporary command.
 - (recompile &optional EDIT-COMMAND) is handy to recall last command without prompting the user. It has some shortcomings when using a buffer-local compile-command:
 - compile-history remains untouched unless we do some manual bookkeeping.
 - It uses a global compilation-directory, thus calling recompile in another buffer will fail if the target file is in a different folder. We can make that variable buffer-local, but that would only work if we never use compile. In such a scenario, compile-history is unused.
In short: when using a buffer-local compile-command, we are better off sticking to compile and leaving recompile aside.
Let's add some bindings for convenience:
(defun compile-last-command () (interactive) (compile compile-command))
(global-set-key (kbd "C-") #'compile)
(global-set-key (kbd "") #'compile-last-command)
Here follows a complete example for C: it will look for the closest Makefile in the parent folders and set the command to make -C /path/to/makefile or else fallback to some dynamically set values depending on the language (C or C++) and the environment (GCC, Clang, etc.). The linker flags are configurable on a per-buffer basis thanks to the buffer-local cc-ldlibs and cc-ldflags variables.
(defvar-local cc-ldlibs "-lm -pthread"
 "Custom linker flags for C/C++ linkage.")
(defvar-local cc-ldflags ""
 "Custom linker libs for C/C++ linkage.")
(defun cc-set-compiler (&optional nomakefile)
 "Set compile command to be nearest Makefile or a generic command.
The Makefile is looked up in parent folders. If no Makefile is
found (or if NOMAKEFILE is non-nil or if function was called with
universal argument), then a configurable commandline is
provided."
 (interactive "P")
 (hack-local-variables)
 ;; Alternatively, if a Makefile is found, we could change default directory
 ;; and leave the compile command to "make". Changing 'default-directory'
 ;; could have side effects though.
 (let ((makefile-dir (locate-dominating-file "." "Makefile")))
 (if (and makefile-dir (not nomakefile))
 (setq compile-command (concat "make -k -C " (shell-quote-argument (file-name-directory makefile-dir))))
 (setq compile-command
 (let
 ((c++-p (eq major-mode 'c++-mode))
 (file (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name)))
 (format "%s %s -o '%s' %s %s %s"
 (if c++-p
 (or (getenv "CXX") "g++")
 (or (getenv "CC") "gcc"))
 (shell-quote-argument file)
 (shell-quote-argument (file-name-sans-extension file))
 (if c++-p
 (or (getenv "CXXFLAGS") "-Wall -Wextra -Wshadow -DDEBUG=9 -g3 -O0")
 (or (getenv "CFLAGS") "-ansi -pedantic -std=c11 -Wall -Wextra -Wshadow -DDEBUG=9 -g3 -O0"))
 (or (getenv "LDFLAGS") cc-ldflags)
 (or (getenv "LDLIBS") cc-ldlibs)))))))
(defun cc-clean ()
 "Find Makefile and call the 'clean' rule. If no Makefile is
found, no action is taken. The previous 'compile' command is
restored."
 (interactive)
 (let (compile-command
 (makefile-dir (locate-dominating-file "." "Makefile")))
 (when makefile-dir
 (compile (format "make -k -C %s clean" (shell-quote-argument makefile-dir))))))
(dolist (map (list c-mode-map c++-mode-map))
 (define-key map "" #'cc-clean))
(dolist (hook '(c-mode-hook c++-mode-hook))
 (add-hook hook #'cc-set-compiler))
C pretty format
I use uncrustify to format my C code automatically. See my indentation rationale.
I can call it from Emacs with the following function:
(defun cc-fmt ()
 "Run uncrustify(1) on current buffer or region."
 (interactive)
 (let ((formatbuf (get-buffer-create "*C format buffer*"))
 status start end)
 (if (use-region-p)
 (setq start (region-beginning) end (region-end))
 (setq start (point-min) end (point-max)))
 (setq status
 (call-process-region start end "uncrustify" nil formatbuf nil "-lc" "-q" "-c"
 (concat (getenv "HOME") "/.uncrustify.cfg")))
 (if (/= status 0)
 (error "error running uncrustify")
 (delete-region start end)
 (insert-buffer formatbuf)
 (kill-buffer formatbuf))))
We could add this to before-save-hook to auto-format my code at all times, but that would be bad practice when working with source code using different formatting rules.
Magit
Magit makes Git management a bliss. The most evident feature would be the easy hunk selection when staging code. This simple feature together with a few others will make a drastic change to your workflow.
Multiple cursors
See this video for a short introduction of this very powerful editing framework.
As of Septermber 2016, multiple cursors does not support searching, so I use phi-search that automatically adds support to it.
(when (require 'multiple-cursors nil t)
 (setq mc/list-file (concat emacs-cache-folder "mc-lists.el"))
 ;; Load the file at the new location.
 (load mc/list-file t)
 (global-unset-key (kbd "C-"))
 (global-set-key (kbd "C-") #'mc/add-cursor-on-click)
 (global-set-key (kbd "C-x M-r") #'mc/edit-lines)
 (global-set-key (kbd "C-x M-m") #'mc/mark-more-like-this-extended)
 (global-set-key (kbd "C-x M-l") #'mc/mark-all-like-this-dwim)
 ;; mc-compatible with search.
 (require 'phi-search nil t))
If you are an Evil user, multiple-cursors will not work. Use the dedicated evil-mc instead.
Org Mode
Last but not least, the famous Org Mode. It offers some impressive features, such as seamless table manipulation (swap columns with a keystroke…) and formula computation. From the manual:
Finally, just to whet your appetite for what can be done with the
fantastic 'calc.el' package, here is a table that computes the Taylor
series of degree 'n' at location 'x' for a couple of functions.
 |---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
 | | Func | n | x | Result |
 |---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
 | # | exp(x) | 1 | x | 1 + x |
 | # | exp(x) |


text:
Living an active and healthy life as an amputee can be a daily challenge, if we allow it. Our founder became an amputee at age 35 and discovered a whole new way of living life. Whether you are young or old, missing one limb or all four, life is still here for you to explore and enjoy. PLAY is the positive step to becoming involved with an activity in sports, education or the arts, that will give you the encouragement or boost you have been looking for.
Or, if you have already found that activity, PLAY is here to expand your chosen activity or keep the existing momentum going by finding you additional programs.
PLAY is a grant program that currently provides scholarship awards for 10 qualified applicants annually. Our scholarship awards help with the financial costs of the applicants chosen activity. You can get information on who is eligible and how to apply on our Apply Page.
Current activities: As there is always some new activity or interest popping up, we encourage you to talk with us if you are interested in something that we do not have listed. However, below is a general guideline of activities we have approved funding for:
- Playing amputee basketball
- Learning to write + publish your own book (story must be an educational/inspirational resource for the amputee community and beyond)
- Playing Golf and having special clubs adapted
- Art/Sculpting classes
- Running + running clinics (must have appropriate prosthetics)
- Snow Skiing


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I'm not even certain that ないでいます is used, but if it is, what is it's difference from ていません? They are both negation, but one is saying they are negating, and the other one is saying they aren't doing. Any help?
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2 Answers 2
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Suppose that "I have been not eating" were correct English. Then it would suggest that I were in the prolonged state of "not eating", e.g. trying not to eat.
"I haven't been eating" suggests that I happened not to be in the state of "eating" for some period of time. This may be coincidental.
Although it takes some work to see the difference in English, the above example translates readily into Japanese as
I have been not eating
I haven't been eating
For example
During fasting, when it's cold, then it is particularly difficult to not be eating.
Coming to think of it, I think that the difference in English can be related to the "no split infinitives" rule (which, if I remember correctly, was introduced in the 19th century as an act of arbitrariness to define "proper speech" through grammars, which would distinguish the well-read upper class from simple folk).
The "no split infinitives" rule corrects the above to
... it's particularly difficult not to be eating.
Another rule says that negation should be done on the auxiliary verb (any inflection, in fact). So "to be not eating" negates "eating" directly, but that should be done on the auxiliary verb "to be", whence "to not be eating". But then, the "no split infinitives" pulls the negation out to the front: "not to be eating".
Out of the following, I think only the first is formally correct
○ not to be eating
× to not be eating
× to be not eating
Japanese has no analogous rules; you can negate either part of the ～ている construction.
The nuances that can be conveyed with this construction are described in Kohsuke Kawaguchi's answer.
share|improve this answer
you are suggesting ""I have been not eating" expresses volition, but I don't accept this as a certainty. Does the Japanese 食べないでいる necessarily express volition? – yadokari Jun 29 '13 at 2:50
_USER_ I didn't mean to imply that it expresses volition. I said that, for example, such a prolonged state of "not eating" could occur when somebody is actually trying not to eat. I didn't rule out that such a state cannot be brought about in a different way. (Compare the other answer, where someone procrastinates visiting his home town.) In any case, I don't think I can say much more about this. I have tried to be as clear as possible. – Earthliŋ Jun 29 '13 at 3:57
ないでいます conveys that not only one is not doing something, but also one has been in that state for a while (as in, one hasn't been doing it.) In comparison, ていません just says one is not doing something right now.
Therefore ないでいます carries a bit of feeling that one is procrastinating, as in 近いうちに田舎に帰ろうと決めたのですが、できないでいます。(I decided to visit my home town but I haven't managed.)
share|improve this answer
There is definitely a conceptual difference between the two, but I think English fails to pick up on it: "I haven't been doing X" vs. "I have been not doing X". The second just sounds like bad English. – Earthliŋ Jun 28 '13 at 17:08
_USER_, perhaps this is not easily translatable into english, but I do not understand your examples. Could you elaborate? – yadokari Jun 28 '13 at 19:06
Your Answer


text:
Who We Are
- EWS-KT is a non-profit corporate foundation with unique ties to East-West Seed Group.
- Our mission is to improve the production and business skills of smallholder farmers, with the aim of enhancing their livelihoods and increasing the supply of safe-to-eat vegetables while simultaneously catalyzing the development of innovative agricultural-input markets.
What We Do
We leverage a business-minded approach to sustainable development for farmers in less developed areas:
- We offer practical field demonstrations on home and market-driven production.
- We guide farmers to establish demonstration plots to showcase innovative techniques for growing vegetables.
- We provide field-level training and exposure on best practices for profitable and sustainable farming.
- We develop locally adapted extension materials and share information through digital media platforms.
How We Work
- We help develop competitive agricultural-input markets and position vegetable production as an attractive and viable livelihood for local communities.
- We build partnerships with other organizations that share our core values to promote a sustainable and profitable vegetable production system for low-income and rural communities.
We have high-quality training materials, on-the-ground teams, and a unique data system. All of our extension materials are available on the EWS-KT digital platform GrowHow, which offers a variety of learning materials, including crop guides available in more than 25 languages.
Board of Trustees and Advisors
East-West Seed Knowledge Transfer Foundation has dedicated local field teams in each of the locations where we work. We currently employ more than 180 full-time staff.


text:
The Debye expansion integrals obtained by application of the Modified Watson Transformation and Debye series expansion to the Mie series for the high frequency plane wave transmitted into a double negative(DNG) cylinder are solved in the geometrically lit regions of the corresponding Debye series terms. The Debye series expansion is made up to the possible maximum term after which double ray field formation is first observed. Using the steepest descent method and the geometrical optics approximation, the role of the lower ray in the double-ray field formation is pointed out. For refractive indices satisfying |n| ≥ 10, it is shown that the maximum Debye series term index up to which simple single-ray tracing can be performed is bigger for a DNG cylinder than that for a DPS cylinder and the difference between the term indices incrases as |n| increases.
This paper discusses the characterization of landmine by using the electromagnetic induction technique (EMI). The proposed approach is based on the identification of the physical and geometrical properties of a landmine, from the sensor response. But in such an identification, the inverse problem is unavoidable. At first, we begin by simulating the landmine signature by solving a direct problem using the finite element method which constitutes the direct model. After that, we determine the landmine characteristics by using an inverse model based on a cost function optimization. This model is based on an iterative process which coupling nite element analysis and Particles Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this step, we apply two PSO techniques: the Standard PSO (SPSO) and the Improved PSO (IPSO), and discuss the problem of local minima of the cost function. The proposed iterative model is applied to determine the conductivity, geometry, and depth of metallic landmine from its signature measured by EMI. The numerical solution gives good results for the identification of landmine.
This paper develops a more precise analytical model for calculating salient pole synchronous machine (SPSM) inductances in case of general eccentricity including static, dynamic and mixed eccentricities. The developed method is based on the modified winding function approach (MWFA) which accurately considers variable air gap function and leads to pure analytical expressions of inductances. Available analytical techniques, based on MWFA, approximate the air gap function and simplify the geometrical model of SPSM, whereas, in this study, the influence of the openings between the rotor salient poles has been taken into account by using an effective form of rotor pole shoes. Using this technique, flux fringing effect is considered. By taking into account machine geometry, type of windings connection and flux fringing effect, this method is able to model most of the important features of an eccentric SPSM. The developed analytical expressions can calculate time varying inductances of SPSMs with any eccentricity type and degree in the frame of a single program. Simulation results for static eccentricity are compared with experimental tests on a laboratory generator to verify accuracy of the proposed model.
A unit cell based numerical approach to model the metal powders and metal-dielectric composites at microwave frequencies is proposed. The unit cell based numerical modeling helps to compute the equivalent reflection and transmission coefficients of these materials, which are commonly used measured parameters at RF and microwave frequencies. The computation of the reflection and transmission coefficients of these artificial dielectric samples also facilitates the determination of their effective constitutive properties, defined in terms of the effective permittivity and permeability, using the reflection transmission approach. The applicability of the proposed unit cell method is first verified for some mixed dielectrics using the classical mixing formulas, and the standard waveguide approach. Once the validity of the proposed approach is ascertained, the effective constitutive properties of copper powder is determined. A detailed parametric analysis is also carried out in order to study the effect of various parameters such as the packing fraction, the grain size and the gap between adjacent spherical shaped metal particles, on the effective constitutive properties of the copper powder compact. This detailed analysis is quite helpful in order to optimize various parameters of the microwave sintering of metal powders and metal-dielectric composites before the actual start of the sintering process using microwaves.
The capability of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems of accurately reconstructing the geometrical features of buried objects, when working in critical conditions, is investigated. A customized microwave tomographic approach is used to tackle the imaging through the processing of comparative experimental and synthetic GPR data. The first ones have been gathered in laboratory controlled conditions, while the second ones have been obtained by exploiting an ad-hoc implementation of a CAD tool. Attention is paid to the significant case of 'strong' scatterers having size comparable to the wavelengths of the probing signal, and possibly located close to the interface where the GPR antennas move. The results from imaging point out the potential of the proposed approach, showing in particular to which extent, in challenging operational settings, it is possible to recover also the information about the shape of metallic targets in addition to their correct location and size.
Few works on symmetric and asymmetric dielectrics have been published, specifically the case of chiral and bi-isotropic media. For this reason, and taking into account the complexity of the studied environment, this paper treats the asymmetrical effects on the resonant frequency and the bandwidth of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna in a complex bi-anisotropic substrate-superstrate configuration. This structure is studied theoretically, and the obtained results are discussed and commented. The numerical analysis used in this paper is mainly employed in order to obtain original results. The originality of this work is presented by the bianisotropic chiral asymmetry and the combined effect of the substrate and the superstrate.
It is well known that using proper signal compression techniques, the range resolution of the radar systems can be enhanced without having to increase the peak transmits power. Whereby the range resolution is inverse proportional with the frequency band of the scanning signals, in the last period of time, in radar systems literature a lot of suitable wideband signals were designed and analyzed as performance level. However, for the large majority of these signals, the compression filter response contains significant sidelobes which may cause difficulties in the target detection and range estimation process. Consequently, in the radar signal processing theory, the sidelobes reduction techniques using synthesis of some proper nonlinear FM (NLFM) laws represents a major scientific research direction. In order to assure the sidelobes suppression, the main objective of this paper is to present an adequate synthesis algorithm of some NLFM laws based on stationary phase principle. The achieved experimental results confirm a significant sidelobes reduction (i.e., more than -40 dB) without necessity to apply some weighting techniques. Finally, the analysis of the synthesized NLFM laws by ambiguity function tool was also discussed.
In this paper, an algorithm based on penalty cost function for synthesizing at-top patterns is proposed. A descent algorithm (DA) as its optimizing approach is proposed in this paper as well. Apparently, whole algorithm efficiency totally depends on the DA. Unlike traditional descent method, the DA defines step length by solving a inequality, instead of Wolf or Armijo-type search rule, stimulation results indicate that it can improve the computational efficiency. Under mild conditions, we prove that the DA has strong convergence properties. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results indicate that the approach is effective in the pattern shape precisely in both mainlobe and sidelobe region for arbitrary linear arrays.
Electrical cables of all types are subject to aggressive environments that can create defects or accelerate aging. Many application domains require diagnosis methods and tools. Among many methods, reflectometry has proven to be the best candidate and can be easily applied to the detection and localization of hard defects, while only requiring one access point to the wire. But soft defects are more difficult to track and require new powerful methods. This paper presents a review of the recent state of the art in the field of wired network diagnosis and shows the evolution of future activities in this domain. It provides new perspectives and new research domains are proposed.
A problem of electromagnetic fields excitation by a system of finite-dimensional material bodies in two arbitrary electrodynamic volumes coupled by holes, cut in a common boundary of the volumes, is defined in a rigorous formulation. For the system containing two material bodies and one coupling hole, the problem is reduced to a system of two-dimensional integral equations relative to surface electric currents on the material bodies and equivalent magnetic current in the coupling hole. The resulting integral equations are correctly transformed to a system of one-dimensional equations for currents in a narrow slot and on thin impedance vibrators, which may have irregular electrophysical and geometrical parameters. The resulting equations system for a transverse slot in a broad wall of a rectangular waveguide and impedance vibrators with variable surface impedance is solved by a generalized method of induced electro-magneto-motive forces (EMMF) under assumption that interaction between the vibrators and the slot is absent. Calculated and experimental plots of electrodynamic characteristics for this vibrator-slot structure are presented.
We introduce a data-driven unsupervised classification algorithm that uses polarimetric and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PolInSAR) data. The proposed algorithm uses a classification method that preserves scattering characteristics. Our contribution is twofold. First, the method applies adaptive model-based decomposition (AMD) to represent the scattering mechanism, which overcomes the flaws introduced by Freeman decomposition. Second, a new class initialization scheme using


text: In this article, the authors have proposed a novel scheme for the dual combination synchronization among four master systems and two slave systems for the fractional order complex chaotic systems. Dual combination synchronization for the integer order has already been investigated in real space; but for the case of fractional order in complex space, it is the first of its kind. Due to complexity and presence of additional variable, it will be more secure and interesting to transmit and receive signals in communication theory. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, six complex chaotic systems are considered and corresponding controllers are designed to achieve synchronization. The special cases, such as combination synchronization, projective synchronization, complete synchronization, and many more, can be derived from the proposed scheme. The corresponding theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are shown to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed dual combination synchronization scheme.


text:
- Define and identify local economic, social and environmental changes.
- Assess and rank the impact of economic, social and environmental changes of the Klondike Gold Rush.
- Use primary and secondary sources to draw conclusions about historical events.
Assignment: Read and analyze primary and secondary sources to evaluate the impact of changes during the Klondike Gold Rush. Present your conclusions orally or in written format.
Time Frame: 7 classes (approximately 2 1/2 weeks)
Partners: You may choose to work individually or in a group of 2 or 3 for the duration of this assignment.
Step 1: Explore various kinds of changes (1 class)
As a class, we will reflect on and discuss economic, social and environmental changes in our community.
Step 2: Learn about the Gold Rush (1 class)
As a class, we will read and discuss:
- A History of Gold Rushes, a general overview of the events and effects of gold rushes;
- Aftermath, a general overview of the effects of the Klondike Gold Rush.
As an individual (3 documents) or a small group of 3 (all 5 documents), read the following documents and complete the Comparing Conditions Handout. Be prepared to share your findings with the class.
- Historical Notes on the Yukon District;
- After the Gold Rush;
- Klondike Discoverer Dies in Poverty;
- Returning Adventurers;
- Yukon Indians and the Gold Rush.
Step 4: Identify criteria for assessing impact (1 class)
Change is only as big as the impact it has. There are 3 ways to assess impact: breadth, depth and duration. As a class we will assess the impact of changes in our community (referencing our first conversation regarding changes in our community).
Step 5: Rank order the degree of impact (1 class)
As individuals or small groups, use the Ranking the Impact Handout to assess the impact of the changes you have already identified. Which type of change was the most significant?
Use your completed Comparing Conditions handout and the three criteria for determining the significance of an impact.
Step 6: Class Debate or Independent Write Up (1 class)
As a class we will vote to either have a full class discussion/debate or write independent summaries on which type of change had the greatest impact during the Klondike Gold Rush.
What will be assessed during this project?
Class Debate or Independent Write Up
The following rubrics will be used to assess the above assignments:
*Project adapted from Mystery Quest: Great Unsolved Mysteries in Canadian History


Lessons in Art - and Self-Esteem
After 25 years in Quebec's English school system, Christine Harvey still has a rookie's zest
AFTER Christine Harvey's art class had spent six weeks studying and making primitive masks, one eighth-grader was still puzzled: "Why did we spend all our time on this," he asked, "when I could have bought a rubber one at the corner store?"
Ms. Harvey recalls that story with a laugh. In the 25 years that she has taught art in Quebec's English schools, her sense of humor has kept her outlook lively.
Here at Centennial Regional High School just outside Montreal, Harvey is a veteran teacher with the energy and zeal of a rookie. She has a reputation for being difficult, but in a positive way. In the words of one of her ninth-grade students, "She's hard, but good-hard, you know?"
"The kids say I'm never satisfied," Harvey admitted in a Monitor interview. "My priority is in pushing them to be the best they can be. Through art I'm giving them empowerment and self-esteem." She describes herself as a "real directive, pushy teacher" but says it pays off in the long run. "I have had kids come back to me and say how they appreciated it, saying 'You gave me the sense I can do anything.' " That has made her feel successful as one who guides, educates, and motivates, she says.
Harvey came to Canada from England in 1968 and taught art at Lemoyne D'Iberville school until 1990. Over those 22 years, the English school's student body dwindled. So the school became bilingual (English/French). When the English-speaking population dwindled still more, the school became all French-speaking. (See adjoining article.) That brought Harvey to Centennial which, with 1,900 students, is the largest Anglophone school in Quebec.
Vice principal Bob Bennett calls Harvey dedicated, devoted, and a very caring person. "She's really encouraging kids to get into art and promoting fine efforts of kids.... She's been in the business a long time and she still treats the situation like a rookie, putting in the extra time, though she's better because she's had the years of experience."
Harvey says she delights in the high-ceilinged art room bedecked with dozens of students' works: "It used to be the old'shop'; they built an airplane here," she notes. Today the "ninths" are using patterns found in rocks and wood to make their own designs. Ethnically diverse
Centennial has always had a diverse ethnic population, which makes it special, says Harvey. Located in Greenfield Park, the school is known as racially harmonious, much like the surrounding South Shore.
"Because we've always been bilingual, it's allowed other cultures to flourish," says Harvey. The students' ethnicity is part of their identity, she says. "What is a Canadian? First you're Greek, then Canadian; first you're Haitian, then Canadian. That comes from: First you're Quebecois, then Canadian."
At around 12 percent, the drop-out rate here is much lower than Quebec's average of 36 percent. Although Harvey says she sees few students drop out, the reasons they leave school early today are different than years ago. In the 1960s, it was to "search for yourself," she remembers. These days she finds that youths seem to leave out of apathy - they're not going to get a job anyway, they say. (The drop-out rate is typically lower in English schools than French schools, Harvey notes.)
As for most students who stay in school, their attitude seems to be more conservative today. "They've incorporated more middle-class values. They are much more inclined to say 'Well, I hate school, but I have to do it,' " Harvey says. "They're almost like miniature adults." The socio-economic climate probably has a lot to do with their outlook, she reasons: "They're frightened of the recession." In a way, that makes them easier to teach, she says, because they're not as rebellious. In an "anti-teenager" way, she says, they are looking beyond the moment.
Behavior has changed, too, says Harvey. Pupils today have shorter attention spans. The "stick-with-it-ness" is harder to instill, especially in art. "They want immediate attention and immediate feedback. It's a challenge to really make them carry through." That comes from entertainment and the media, she figures. "Kids used to work hard because they made a personal decision to enjoy art and take it seriously. Now it's a case of 'I must succeed in school so I can succeed in life.' But at the same time the y want the quick fix which they get from TV and the movies, fast communications, working on computers.... Kids are also terribly materialistic. They want to get jobs, make money, and buy what they want."
Drugs are nearly nonexistent at Centennial, she finds, saying they are something "we never hear of." Sexual awareness starts much younger, she says, as does AIDS awareness.
A big problem is the "loose language," she says, laying some of the blame on films. If a teacher hears profanity in the hallways, a student is apt to remark casually: "Oh, you weren't supposed to hear that," says Harvey. Years ago, students would have apologized. Parents respect art
Different family structures have also brought on challenges. Single parenting is common. So are remarks such as "Well, my mother's boyfriend said...." Some students have to deal with a parent and "the other," Harvey says, meaning the parent's boyfriend or girlfriend. "That can be really hard on them."
As for the social status of teachers, "I think it's lowered," says Harvey. "Thirty years ago, it was a very elevated position. I think it's been dropping ever since." Most parents - though not all - are respectful and admiring and are very responsive, however.
Parental respect for the subject of art has grown, she notes happily. Before, parents weren't as encouraging about their children pursuing art ("They'll starve!" she mimics). But today, they recognize the possibilities, such as in computer graphics. Although Harvey says she suffers no teacher burnout, she sees it all around her, especially with teachers in their late 40s who are approaching retirement but aren't quite close enough to it.
"Older teachers need to feel needed - not only with kids, but with the administration," she says. Sometimes administration needs to give them "a little pat" once and a while. But often they just assume, "Oh, she's been teaching for years."
"It takes a lot of energy to be a teacher," Harvey says. "It's hard to be 'up' for every class.... Yet energy and enthusiasm are terribly important."
Does she feel successful?
"Yes. That's terribly important or I'd do something else. I think it has to do with the subject I teach and the fact that I'm a born optimist," she says with a smile. She credits her "other outlets" as part of her fuel.
On Saturdays, she prepares adults at Concordia University to be art teachers, for example. During the summers she travels and brings back many ideas and objects.
There's also a close relationship, she says, that often evolves with students and the shared feeling of accomplishment. In art, "there's a lot of talking through."
"I have a feeling of success when I see their pride in their own work," she says, as when students bring their friends in after school to show their work and announce: "This is what I did." Other articles in this series ran Nov. 4 and 18; Dec. 2, 16, and 30; Jan. 21; Feb. 3 and 18; March 2, 16, and 30.
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text:
Kafirin is a prolamin protein unique to sorghum grain. To make kafirin viable for commercial development there needs to be an optimised extraction process. For this purpose insight is needed into how the process is affected by the extraction temperature, grain/solvent ratio, grain/solvent contact time, and various amounts and types of reducing agents and extraction aids. Such insights are currently unavailable.
Significant insights into the extraction of kafirin were gained by performing extractions under various conditions to determine how extraction parameters affected the extraction process. Extraction temperature, grain/solvent ratio, grain/solvent contact time and various amounts and types of reducing agents/extraction aids were tested to determine the optimum extraction conditions. The extraction aids tested were acids (glacial acetic acid, citric acid and phosphoric acid) and metal bisulphite complexes (sodium metabisulphite and potassium metabisulphite) were tested as reducing agents.
Using a bench-scale extraction setup, the following important results were obtained.
? With regard to the commercialization of the process aqueous ethanol is the most promising solvent and was used throughout the study.
? The maximum amount of protein after extraction was roughly 45 g of protein for 1 000 g of grain out of a total kafirin content of roughly 62 g. This is an extraction efficiency of 70 - 75 % based on the total amount of kafirin available in the grain. Acids were found to have a limited role in the extraction process and can be excluded.
? The quantity of metalbisulphite complex used played a large role in the extraction process, reducing the yield by about 50 % when absent. The type of metalbisulphite used, however, did not play a role.
? The grain/solvent contact time was deemed to be the most important factor, with the highest yield occurring somewhere between 10 and 20 min.
? After 20 min the yield decreased due to increased solvent retention.
The solvent retention and increased filtering time associated with the drop in yield were investigated. The weakened hydrogen bonding in the starchy endosperm made it possible for the starchy material to bond to other starchy particles or less likely the solvent, and was most likely the mechanism of solvent retention and thickening of the slurry. This increased solvent retention resulted in approximately 50 % of the total solvent being retained; which was discarded with spent grain. At 20 min the solvent retained was roughly 12 % of the total original solvent used.
Further study is recommended with regard to:
? The mechanism of thickening to determine whether there are chemical or mechanical methods which would overcome the thickening and increased solvent retention
? The recovery, purification and subsequent reuse of ethanol
? Investigation into the mechanism that is responsible for the increased filtration time and whether this is related to the tannin-protein complex formation as the literature suggests
? The viability of the spent grain in agricultural applications such as cattle feed or fertiliser
? The effect of changes mentioned in this thesis on the end-use of the protein, e.g. film making quality
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2016.


text:
Shaul Stampfer (1948–) is a researcher of East European Jewry specializing in Lithuanian yeshivas, and Jewish demography, migration and education.
Shaul Stampfer, born in Atlanta, Georgia, graduated from Lincoln High School in 1965, received his BA from the Yeshiva University in 1970 and his Ph.D. from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1982. Prof. Stampfer currently resides in the Ramot neighborhood of Jerusalem.
In _PHONE_ Stampfer was a head of the Institute for Jewish Studies in Moscow and helped to establish the city's Jewish University. Stampfer is currently a professor of Soviet and East European Jewry at the Hebrew University. His book on Lithuanian yeshivas (published in Hebrew in 2005) has been translated into English and is scheduled for publication by the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization.
- "The Pushke and Its Development," Cathedra 21 (Oct. 1981): 89–102 (in Hebrew).
- "The 1764 census of Polish Jewry," Bar-Ilan 24–25 (1989): 41–147.
- "The Geographical Beckground of East European Jewish Migration to the United States before World War I," in Ira A. Glazier and Luigi De Rosa (eds.), Migration across Time and Nations: Population Mobility in Historical Contexts (New York & London, 1986), pp. 220–230.
- "Literacy Among East European Jewry in the Modern Period: Context, Background and Implications" in: S. Almog (ed.), Transition and Change in Modern Jewish History: Essays Presented in Honor of Shmuel Ettinger (Jerusalem, 1987), pp. 63–87 (in Hebrew).
- "The Social Implications of Very Early Marriage in Eastern Europe in the Nineteenth Century," in Ezra Mendelsohn and Chone Shmeruk (eds.), Studies on Polish Jewry: Paul Glikson Memorial Volume(Jerusalem 1987), pp. 65–77 (in Hebrew).
- "Heder Study, Knowledge of Torah, and the Maintenance of Social Stratification in Traditional East European Jewish Society," Studies in Jewish Education 3(1988): 271–289.
- "Remarriage Among Jews and Christians in Nineteenth-Century Eastern Europe," Jewish History 3,2(1988): 85–114.
- "L'amour et la famille chez les Juifs d'Europe orientale a l'epoque moderne," in Shmuel Trigano (ed.), La Societe Juive A Travers L'histoire, vol. 2 (Paris 1992), pp. 435–468.
- "Gender Differentiation and Education of the Jewish Woman in Nineteenth-Century Eastern Europe", Polin 7 (1992): 459–483.
- "Patterns of Internal Jewish Migration in the Russian Empire," in Yaacov Ro'i (ed.), Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union (Ilford, 1995), pp. 28–47.
- "Dormitory and Yeshiva in Eastern Europe," in Religious Dormitory Education in Israel (Jerusalem 1997), pp. 15–28 (in Hebrew).
- "Hungarian Yeshivot, Lithuanian Yeshivot and Josef Ben David," Jewish History 11,1(1997): 131–141.
- "The 1764 Census of Lithuanian Jewry and What It Can Teach Us," Papers in Jewish Demography 1993 (Jerusalem 1997) pp. 91–121.
- "Aspects of Population Growth and Migration in Polish-Lithuanian Jewry in the Modern Period," in The Broken Chain / Polish Jewry Through the Ages (Jerusalem 1997) (in Hebrew).
- "Jewish Population Patterns in Pre-Partition Lithuania and Some of Their Implications," Scripta Hierosolymitana 38(1998)/ Studies in the History of the Jews in Old Poland in honor of Jacob Goldberg, pp. 189–223.
- "What Happened to the Extended Jewish Family? Jewish Homes for the Aged in Eastern Europe," Studies in Contemporary Jewry XIV (1998): 128–142.
- "Hasidic Yeshivot in Inter-War Poland", Polin 11(1998): 3–24.
- "What actually happened to the Jews of Ukraine in 1648?" Jewish History 17,2 (2003): 207–227.
- "Did the Khazars Convert to Judaism?" Jewish Social Studies 19,3 (2013): 1–72.


text:
Tape can be a very practical thing to have around! In animal health, tapes and wraps are often used to support, help with healing, bandaging, and to improve performance. But there are other, lesser-known applications as well.
In a paper published in 2006, authors were looking at ways to improve absorption of topical medications into the skin of horses. Different topical treatments can have different rates of absorption, skin irritation, and can lead to side effects if it doesn't absorb quickly.
These authors worked in a lab with frozen skin samples of Thoroughbred Geldings. They then worked with the skin samples the following ways:
- No skin treatment
- Cleaning the samples with chlorhexidine (mixed in solution or alcohol)
- Tape-stripped using adhesive tape
The authors found that all techniques of chemical cleaning increased skin absorption, but also that the skin previously treated with tape also had greater absorption, without needing to use any chemical preparation. This approach showed that horse skin reacts to topical treatments very differently when the skin has been prepared prior to treatments, which is important for caregivers to consider. Furthermore, the study shows that adhesive tape can be an effective skin preparation technique that doesn't require chemical treatments applied to the skin.
Is this an approach you use in your practice? If so, we'd love to hear from you! Contact us at _EMAIL_.


CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext function
The CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext event callback function restores the hardware context of a bank of general-purpose I/O (GPIO) pins.
NTSTATUS CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext(
 _In_ PVOID Context,
{... }
Context [in]
A pointer to the GPIO controller driver's device context.
Parameters [in]
A pointer to a GPIO_SAVE_RESTORE_BANK_HARDWARE_CONTEXT_PARAMETERS structure that describes the bank of GPIO pins to restore.
Return value
The CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext function returns STATUS_SUCCESS if the call is successful. Otherwise, it returns an appropriate error status code.
If a bank of GPIO pins supports component-level power management, GpioClx can switch the bank to a low-power Fx state if the bank is idle. If the GPIO controller bank loses its hardware context in the Fx state, the GPIO controller driver must save this context before the F0-to-Fx transition, and, later, restore the context after the Fx-to-F0 transition. Currently, F1 is the only low-power state that is defined for GPIO controllers that use GpioClx.
GpioClx calls the CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext function to restore the bank's previously saved hardware context. The hardware context was previously saved by the CLIENT_SaveBankHardwareContext event callback function.
Some GPIO controller devices enable selected banks of pins to be turned on and off independently of other banks in the same device. Thus, power can be saved by turning off a bank that is idle.
To register your driver's CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext callback function, call the GPIO_CLX_RegisterClient method. This method accepts, as an input parameter, a pointer to a GPIO_CLIENT_REGISTRATION_PACKET structure that contains a CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext function pointer.
GpioClx calls the CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext callback function either at PASSIVE_LEVEL or DIRQL, depending on the device information that the CLIENT_QueryControllerBasicInformation callback function supplies to GpioClx. The CLIENT_QueryControllerBasicInformation function provides device information in the form of a CLIENT_CONTROLLER_BASIC_INFORMATION structure. If the MemoryMappedController flag bit is set in the Flags member of this structure, GpioClx calls the CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext function at DIRQL, which is the IRQL at which the ISR in GpioClx runs. Otherwise, this function is called at PASSIVE_LEVEL. For more information about this flag bit, see Optional and Required GPIO Callback Functions.
To define a CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext callback function, you must first provide a function declaration that identifies the type of callback function you're defining. Windows provides a set of callback function types for drivers. Declaring a function using the callback function types helps Code Analysis for Drivers, Static Driver Verifier (SDV), and other verification tools find errors, and it's a requirement for writing drivers for the Windows operating system.
For example, to define a CLIENT_RestoreBankHardwareContext callback function that is named MyEvtGpioRestoreBankHardwareContext, use the GPIO_CLIENT_RESTORE_BANK_HARDWARE_CONTEXT function type, as shown in this code example:
Then, implement your callback function as follows:
 PVOID Context,
{... }
The GPIO_CLIENT_RESTORE_BANK_HARDWARE_CONTEXT function type is defined in the Gpioclx.h header file. To more accurately identify errors when you run the code analysis tools, be sure to add the _Use_decl_annotations_ annotation to your function definition. The _Use_decl_annotations_ annotation ensures that the annotations that are applied to the GPIO_CLIENT_RESTORE_BANK_HARDWARE_CONTEXT function type in the header file are used. For more information about the requirements for function declarations, see Declaring Functions by Using Function Role Types for KMDF Drivers. For more information about _Use_decl_annotations_, see Annotating Function Behavior.
Target platform
Supported starting with Windows 8.
See Remarks.
See also
Send comments about this topic to Microsoft
© 2015 Microsoft


text:
In Club Penguin, players had the ability to throw snowballs. This was done by first clicking the snowball icon in the toolbar (or by pressing the T key), aiming at the target and then clicking it with the left mouse button. When a snowball hit something, it made a "squish" sound. In addition, some objects around the island could also be interacted with using snowballs in certain ways, such as the Clock Tower.
Snowballs were often used in snowball fights, or when a penguin was annoyed or mad at someone. Another possible usage was to "point" or show other penguins where an object is, such as a pin.
Snowballs were also used to operate certain devices, such as the Island Lifter 3000, the Snowball Power Generator and the watering system which used to be at the Mine Shack. Some of these devices had a main usage in parties, such as the machine at the Cliff, which was used to proceed in the quest of the Wilderness Expedition 2011.
In several rooms or during certain parties, snowballs turned into different items (such as food, bubbles, water balloons, paint balloons, trash, etc.). During Marvel Super Hero Takeovers, snowballs thrown while wearing Super Gloves were given special properties, such as freezing certain targets.
In addition, snowballs thrown by Herbert and Sam the Sasquatch had a unique sprite. While Herbert hit a penguin with a snowball, the player would be buried in a pile of snow.
- In almost all the rooms during the Water Parties, the snowballs turned into Water Balloons.
- This was one of the first times where a snowball had special type.
- If you threw a snowball in the Box Dimension, it bounced up and down in the air before it touched the ground, which could mean that the Box Dimension did not follow normal physics laws.
- The Underwater replaced the snowballs with bubbles.
- The Recycling Plant replaced the snowballs with a variety of recyclable items.
- In the Water Dojo, snowballs turned into Water Balloons.
- In almost all the rooms during the Adventure Party: Temple of Fruit, the snowballs turned into fruit.
- During the Star Wars Takeover, if you wore the Stormtrooper Helmet and Stormtrooper Costume while you were in another Planet, snowballs were laser shots.
- The School replaced the snowballs with paper balls (if thrown in the classroom) and Pizza (if thrown in the cafeteria).
- In the Puffle Hotel Spa, snowballs turned into soap bubbles. If you threw it at a penguin, it was covered in bubbles.
- In the Mall, snowballs turned into coins, a reference to how you "make a wish" and toss a coin into a fountain.
- During all of the Puffle Parties, the snowballs were replaced by Puffle O's in the Puffle Feeding Area. Also, the snowballs were replaced by plastic balls in the Forest, except for the Puffle Party 2011 and the Puffle Party 2013.
- At the Pizza Parlor during Camp Penguin, penguins who threw snowballs would throw pizza instead.
- During the April Fools' Party 2008, the snowballs in the Lighthouse and the Beacon were replaced by paint balls.
- In both the Water Parties, the snowballs were replaced by water balloons.
- If you threw a snowball in the Forest during the Holiday Party 2009, it would become an ornament so you could "decorate" the tree.
- During the April Fools' Party 2010, snowballs changed into tomatoes, pizzas, and other snacks. At the Dock, it changed to paintballs.
- At the Medieval Party 2010, in the first challenge of Ye Knight's Quest 2, when a snowball was thrown anywhere, it would melt to water.
- During the Music Jam 2010, if you threw a snowball in the Casa Fiesta room, it would turn into confetti.
- During the 5th Anniversary Party, if you threw a snow ball, it will turn into a red, green, yellow, purple, or whatever color you were wearing.
- During the Holiday Party 2010 and 2011, if you threw a snowball in the Lighthouse or Beacon it would turn into a coin. If you threw a snowball in the??? room it would turn into an ornament.
- During the Island Adventure Party 2011 if you threw a snowball on the Iceberg, it would turn into a fish.
- During the Underwater Expedition, if you threw a snowball, it would slide down to the left because of the island being tilted.
- During the Marvel Super Hero Takeover 2012, wearing one of the three super gloves, the Icy Power Gloves, the Cosmic Power Gloves, and the Lightning Power Gloves would throw a specific kind of power snowball.
- During Adventure Party: Temple of Fruit, the snowballs were replaced with fruit.
- During The Fair 2012 on the Iceberg, the snowballs were replaced with paint balls.
- During Operation: Blackout, members could throw extra large snowballs by wearing the Herbert Disguise.
- During Holiday Party 2012, in the Bakery Penguins could throw snowballs and snowballs would change into ingredients for cookies depending where they stood.
- Players transformed as Frost Bites could throw snowballs, and snowballs would change into freezing snowballs, and you could freeze penguins and other decorated objects.
- When Dinosaurs threw snowballs at Penguins at the Prehistoric Party 2013, it was puke.
- Also during the Prehistoric Party 2013, if you throw a snowball while wearing a prehistoric item, you would throw meat to give to dinosaurs.
- During the Hollywood Party, if you are wearing the Digital Camera the flash will appear and the stars will appear on the other penguin, this means you can see the white squares on the Become a Director catalog.
- During the Marvel Super Hero Takeover 2013, the snowballs were power snowballs if you used power gloves. The snowballs can be increased to a bigger size if you control a robot to throw a snowball.
- During the Medieval Party 2013, you can breathe fire if you turn into an Ultimate Mega Dragon and you can throw a spell when you put on the Wizardly Jacket, Wizardly Hat and Magical Wand.
- During the Holiday Party 2013, if you threw a snowball at the Dock, it would turn into an ornament.
- During the Future Party, snowballs turned into certain types of missiles depending of the robot you were using in certain rooms of the Future Club Penguin Island.
- During the Penguin Prom, if you threw a snowball at the School, it would turn into a graduation cap.
- During the Frozen Party, members could unlock frozen snowballs to freeze rooms by collecting all of the magic snowflakes hidden around the island.
- The Marshmallow transformation could also throw giant snowballs.
- During Pi Day, if you throw a snowball in the Mine Shack, it would turn into a pie.
Club Penguin App
Players who had the Club Penguin App could throw snowballs at their online friends; which was displayed as a big snowball on the screen. When clicking the snowball, a message popped up and asked if the friend wanted to throw back a snowball.
- There was a bug in the Mine Shack, when you threw a snowball it would be round at the tracks. This bug was later fixed.
- The maximum amount of snowballs in a room was 10. If another snowball was thrown, the earliest one was removed.
- Snowballs could be used to rotate the target at the Clock Tower.
- When Rockhopper threw a snowball, Yarr pulled out a mini-telescope and looked after it.
- Bouncer, the Elite Puffle, was specially trained to throw snowballs.
- Third-party cheating programs allowed penguins to throw snowballs off-screen.
- The F.I.S.H. catalog said not to report penguins for throwing snowballs at you.
- There was a server named 'Snowball'.
- The icon of the snowball was changed on April 17, 2014, as part of the toolbar update that took place during the Puffle Party 2014.
- If a penguin was in a certain position on a chair or an item, when hit by a snowball, they went through it.
- If you held the 'T' key and rapidly clicked, you could throw snowballs extremely fast, though this was only client side.
- In an unknown update, if a player got hit by a snowball, they could not perform any action such as waving or dancing. To do so, the player needed to move to another point of the room first.
- A giant snowball appears on the Club Penguin: Game Day! logo and game disc.


The Fitness Generation Pty Ltd
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Environmental Policy
Environmental statement
Understanding the importance of the preservation of our shared environment is of a fundamental importance to the Management and every employee of The Fitness Generation.
Several initiatives have been undertaken to ensure we are leading the way for the health and fitness industry in this area. To date we have:
1. Undertaken a full Carbon Audit to quantify our Carbon Footprint and we have committed to purchase Carbon Credits to offset this quantity;
2. Committed to ongoing annual Carbon Audits;
3. Undertaken to deal with Supplier Companies that have a similar stance on these matters;
4. Introduced in-house environmental training programs for all employees to create a greater awareness of environmental issues, and develop ways to address such issues;
5. Implemented the relevant and required Health and Safety measures for all employees;
6. Undertaken systems, equipment and plans to use all raw materials, energy and water and as efficiently as possible.
The Fitness Generation will make every effort to ensure that our Environmental Performance is as important as other performance indicators within our business by regularly monitoring the environmental performance of all those directly involved with our business.


a warm mist, cool mist, or evaporative humidifier for parrots?
There are three types of humidifiers:
 - Warm Mist
 - Ultrasonic/Cool Mist
 - Evaporative
There are pros and cons to each humidifier type.
For example, in cases where your living space is already properly heated and you aren't bothered by cleaning the unit, a cool mist humidifier will do.
In other cases where you want to distribute some heat along with moisture, a warm mist humidifier will be better.
For our lovely pet birds, a warm mist humidifier is likely to be more helpful!
Warm mist humidifiers excel at dispersing heat, which can help parrots sensitive to bacteria, because they produce a sterile mist.
best humidifier for parrots
Cool mist humidifiers also tend to be noisier than warm mist humidifiers or evaporators because they use a fan to disperse the moisture.
TTLIFE's Warm And Cool mist Humidifier delivers sterilized air!
Some parrot owners prefer warm over cold mist humidifiers, because cool mist units run a higher risk of aspergillosis developing (a fungal disease caused by the spores of the common mold).
As cool mist humidifiers lack a way to sterilize the water, there will eventually be a mold overgrowth inside the water tank if not properly maintained.
Therefore, look for a warm mist humidifier for your parrot first, then a cool mist one, and only then for an evaporative humidifier.
c) Importance of cleaning
A higher humidity makes the spores and other microorganisms stick to any nearby surface, neutralizing them.
However, without cleaning, mold can start growing and be dispersed through the air.
All bacteria and fungi thrive in moist conditions. As soon as you run your humidifier for parrots, you should plan on how to get it cleaned.
best humidifier for parrots
BeCalmingHaven / Amazon
This can lead to aspergillosis or some other infections for parrots causing them to be lethargic, lose their appetite, and have trouble breathing.
Hence, be sure to regularly clean your humidifier.
It also helps if you're already using an AC unit that filters air, and if you can use filtered water too, you'll minimize the amount of cleaning needed!
d) Where to position the unit
Humidifiers for parrots should be positioned in such a way to counteract the effects of dry air, which is most commonly caused by the heating unit.
For example, if you use a furnace for heating, consider getting a whole-house humidifier that attaches to the furnace.:"They're actually not that much more expensive than a nice free-standing unit, and it definitely does a much better job of maintaining a constant and even level of humidity."
Always keeps in mind, when installing your humidifier, to keep an eye out for your feathered friend's behavior and adjust to it.
We've seen parrots attacking humidifiers; which ranged from temperature issues to the parrot being bored and just wanting attention.
e) Using essential oils/ chemicals/fragrances
Essential oils/chemicals/fragrances in the humidifier can irritate the parrot's sensitive airways but can also help it feel right at home.
In the wild, parrots are exposed to essential oils, chemicals and fragrances all the time.
Drug store brands are typically harmful for parrots but vets use medical-grade ones for parrots to good effect.
Hence, the best way to use essential oils with parrots is through an ultrasonic humidifier.
best humidifier for parrots
What harms our birds are actually the toxins found in low-quality products we commonly use.
Start with a few drops and gradually increase the amount if the parrot doesn't react negatively.
Bottom Line - What is the Best Humidifier for Parrots?
We adopt parrots and consider them family members. They bring us immense joy and companionship unlike anything else!
Based on what we've learned so far about parrots and humidity, they can have trouble in an environment that feels perfectly fine to humans, and have no way of expressing it.
Best Humidifier for Parrots
Thankfully, they are helped greatly by warm mist humidifiers.
The main difficulty in finding a solid warm mist humidifier is that they often don't have enough capacity and lack features, meaning you have to constantly oversee them.
Well, the TTLIFE Ultrasonic Humidifier is one that does the job best for your parrot.
Don't ignore the early warning signs of low humidity but also don't overreact.
Even if you decide that TTLIFE Ultrasonic isn't the best humidifier for your parrot, now you know the fundamentals of what helps and what harms parrots regarding humidity.
Find a simple, affordable and convenient solution that can help your feathered buddy in a pinch! Trust me, you'll both be happier in no time.


text:
Local Atomic Structure of a High-Entropy Alloy: An X-Ray and Neutron Scattering Study
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Guo, W., Dmowski, W., Noh, JY. et al. Metall and Mat Trans A (2013) 44: 1994. doi:10.1007/s11661-_PHONE_-0
- 1.4k Downloads
By using high-energy synchrotron X-ray and neutron scattering, the local structure of a ternary high-entropy alloy Zr1/3Nb1/3Hf1/3 is characterized by means of pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Results show that this alloy is a body center cubic (b.c.c.) phase in both bulk sample and in a thin film ~1.5 µm thick. The PDFs obtained from X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction agree well with each other. The measured PDFs differ from the calculated PDF, particularly in the peak shape of the first two peaks, indicating local lattice distortion due to different atomic sizes in the solid solution.