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Snowflake Security: Best Practices for Stages
|Chief Scientist
This article is also published as a chapter in our Snowflake Security guide, covering many other topics. Visit our Snowflake Security Guide in its entirety, where you can also download the entire guide as a PDF e-book.
One of the toughest problems in DataOps is having robust access to data. We've discussed this in length, and specific to Snowflake we've discussed snowflake roles and user management strategies, and ways to optimize them using Satori. However, today, what I'd like to discuss is an earlier stage of the data operations, which is data ingestion to Snowflake and specifically Snowflake stages. If you're an organization that is either looking into or using Snowflake as your data warehouse, data lake, or data lakehouse solution, you probably know that the data that you're using comes from somewhere. Let's look at the main sources from which data is imported to Snowflake:
 - Data lake - Your data might come from your own data lake. The data lake may hold a lot of data, and you may only import parts of it to Snowflake for different reasons.
 - Other data warehouses - You may have other data warehouses and databases in your organization, which you'd like to send data from to Snowflake. For example, you may have databases close to your applications, which send aggregated data to Snowflake for further analytics.
 - Applications - Sometimes applications send data to Snowflake as part of their operation.
 - Telemetry - Results of telemetries may be sent from applications and devices.
 - Security logs and other logs - You may use your Snowflake (using Snow Alert or building your own) as a security data lake, or use it for analyzing operational logs.
 - Manual loading of data - Sometimes teams upload their own data without going through a DataOps process, by simply preparing files and ingesting them.
 - Data Sharing - Data is sometimes ingested from shared data. This can be done by using a Snowflake secure data share (such as a private exchange or from a public Snowflake data marketplace listing), but can also be data that is shared from a partner using another datastore.
Let's look at how data is loaded into Snowflake and some of the things you need to pay attention to for a secure operation of stages. Read More:
Loading data into Snowflake
Data is loaded to Snowflake from stages. Stages are either internal, or external (public cloud storage buckets), where data can either be put for the sole purpose of importing it to Snowflake or as part of other processes. An example of this is an S3 bucket that is also used as part of your data lake operation, where some of the data is ingested to Snowflake. Note that another good reason to monitor stages is because data can also be exported to them. A stage is a Snowflake object that you can manage using SQL. This can be as simple as a CREATE STAGE <stagename> or customized with optional parameters to configure the parameters.
Snowflake internal stage vs external stage
The Snowflake stages can either be internal and part of your Snowflake account storage (for example, if you have a Snowflake deployment in AWS it will be in S3 buckets managed by Snowflake), or it can be an external stage whereby it will be using storage buckets. Currently supported are GCP, GCS (Google Cloud Storage), AWS S3 buckets, and Azure blobs. These buckets may be your own storage buckets, but they may also be buckets shared by other companies or even public storage buckets. More on loading the data using stages can be found in Snowflake documentation.
Snowflake stage security best practices
Let's now discuss some of the important aspects of data operations security when it comes to loading data from stages.
Loading encrypted data to Snowflake
Let's say that a fictitious company called Sandwich Engineering Inc wants to use a S3 bucket as a stage. To better protect the data at rest, we can store it encrypted. As an example, we can use the following command to use AWS SSE (Server-Side Encryption) on the files in the stage:
CREATE STAGE sandwich_hr url='s3://sandwich/hr/' credentials=(aws_key_id='<KEY_ID>' aws_secret_key='<SECRET_KEY>') encryption=(type = 'AWS_SSE_S3');
 By storing the data encrypted, we lower the security risk of exposure of the objects stored in the bucket. An even better way to do this is to use storage integration so you don't need to pass the credentials by the users, and can lock down the stages to a specific set of buckets.
Eliminate stages available to the public role
Stages which are owned by the public role in Snowflake are available to all users within the account. That means that all users have access to these objects. This can have unintended consequences, like access to sensitive data by users the data is not intended for. It is best to avoid having stage access to the public role (or to other widespread roles you don't want to have access to the raw data). Ideally, you should have dedicated roles handling data ingestion as part of your data operations. The following command (which requires access to the Snowflake account usage schema) will show you all stages (regardless of type) that are owned by the public role:
SELECT stage_name, stage_catalog, stage_schema, stage_type, stage_url, created FROM snowflake.account_usage.stages WHERE STAGE_OWNER = 'PUBLIC' AND DELETED IS NULL ORDER BY CREATED;
You can also directly view the stage files from Snowflake without importing them into tables by using the following command, (this example pulls only the 2 first columns from the file):
// lists the 2 first columns from the file SELECT $1, $2 FROM @<stage name>/<path>;
Eliminate stages left open
Another common issue is a stage holding data, possibly sensitive, that is left stale after it's no longer needed. As an example, data analysts from Sandwich Engineering are uploading a list of customers for analysis of the different ingredients people want to avoid for allergy reasons, and they want to conduct this as an ad-hoc project. They upload the data to a stage, then copy it to a table in Snowflake and run the analysis, joined with other tables in the account. Once this ad-hoc project is over, the table is dropped, and everybody forgets about this project. However, in many cases, the stages are not removed, and the files in them may contain sensitive data. This is why stages should be monitored, as part of a healthy DataSecOps mindset. The following SQL query will help Sandwich Engineering (and you) find the open external stages, sorted from oldest to newest:
SELECT stage_name, stage_catalog, stage_schema, stage_type, stage_url, created FROM snowflake.account_usage.stages WHERE DELETED IS NULL ORDER BY CREATED
Monitoring import and export operations
Another important security aspect is to keep in mind (and monitoring) that stages can also be used for exporting data from Snowflake, making it something we would want to monitor closely. Ideally, we need to make sure that only a handful of specific roles should have the privileges to do so, but regardless, this should also be monitored. An example of such monitoring is to watch the query_history view in Snowflake Account Usage for such operations. For example, the following command retrieves a list of the copy into operations done, which can be customized to exclude specific roles or locations:
SELECT start_time, user_name, role_name, query_text FROM snowflake.account_usage.query_history WHERE query_type = 'COPY' ORDER BY start_time DESC;
Read More:
Conclusion
Data ingestion should be handled with care as part of the organization's DataSecOps mindset. In the same way that you don't leave unattended S3 buckets, you should not leave unattended stages (which are in many instances the same thing, as stages are often kept in S3 buckets). The main challenge with stages is that they're often "off the radar", as, unlike tables, they don't appear as part of the database schema or data inventories. For more information about how to achieve secure data operations over Snowflake and other data platforms in a simple and scalable way, schedule a demo to see how Satori can help you.
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About the author
|Chief Scientist
Ben is an experienced tech leader and book author with a background in endpoint security, analytics, and application & data security. Ben filled roles such as the CTO of Cynet, and Director of Threat Research at Imperva. Ben is the Chief Scientist for Satori, the DataSecOps platform.
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Featured Statewide Library Resource
Note: Contact your local library for the password.
EBSCO Discovery Service™ (EDS) creates a unified, customized index of an institution's information resources, and an easy, yet powerful means of accessing all of that content from a single search box. The ability to create these custom solutions is achieved by harvesting metadata from both internal (library) and external (database vendors) sources, and creating a pre-indexed service of unprecedented size and speed. Although the resulting collection is massive in size and scope, the fact that it is indexed directly on the EBSCOhost servers allows for exceptionally fast search response times, and the ability to leverage the familiar powerful features of the EBSCOhost user experience - across all resources.
The State of Montana instance of EDS is called: "Discover It!". The searchable content is derived from five major areas:
- The Montana Shared Catalog
- Three independent library catalogs (Butte Silver Bow Public Library, Great Falls Public Library, and Lewis & Clark Library)
- The EBSCOhost Databases
- The Montana Memory Project

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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This database of images for the study and teaching of art, design, and visual culture at Illinois State University, is produced as a collaboration between the School of Art and Milner Library. The images come from many sources, including publications, original photography, and the Visual Resources Collection of the School of Art.
The slides of Sverre "Bex" Braathen combine a "Passion for Circus" with the skills and artistry of photography at its finest.
Images were captured in the saturated colors of Kodachrome slides and date from the early 1940s to the late 1950s as well as black and white film in the 1930s. Set within the context of the entire Braathen …
Illinois State University History is a growing collection that currently includes campus history books, proceedings of the first university governing board, and nearly 400 photographs.
Support for this collection is provided by the Friends of Milner Library and the Illinois State Library, a division of the Office of the Secretary of …
Welcome to Milner Library's International Collection of Child Art digital image collection! This resource holds images of art created by children and adolescents representing more than fifty countries and cultures from Argentina to New Zealand. The artworks are two dimensional and use varied media. The work in this collection …
Voices of Extremism: Conflicting Ideologies in United States Politics in the Decades Following WWII is a unique audio documentation of the individuals and movements that characterized the Extremist politics in the United States in the decades following the Second World War from 1946 to 1980. The collection also includes a documentary on …
Cultivated in the spirit of teaching, learning and research, Milner Library's digital collections provide a variety of resources. They reflect the rich cultural heritage at Illinois State University, and include audio recordings, historic documents, photos, and images of art and visual culture.
Discover all collections
Art & Culture
Circus & Allied Arts
Illinois State University History
International Collection of Child Art
Voices of Extremism
Native American Collection
Normal Editions Workshop (N.E.W.)
Towanda Area History
World War I Women

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Osanyin known in Afro-cuban practice as Osain, is the Orisa in charge of the knowledge of all herbs, more than any other deity and, therefore, carries the knowledge of all the medicines used to cure any type of disease. He is an Orisa very close to Orunmila and is the husband of Oriseje.
Who is Osanyin?
Osanyin is often described by the Yoruba as a cruel, impatient, and smug Orisa. Osanyin owns the omiero (Omi Ero or holy water), and is so powerful that he is in charge of activating the initiation of all the Orisa. In addition, it is responsible for approving any type of curse that is done to a person.
In the past people used to go to a babalawo who had herbal knowledge started in Osanyin for not only spiritual but also health improvements. They were the healers and they knew the medicines that allowed to alleviate from a headache to much more important health problems. And this is because each herb, trunk or root has its virtue and when these plants are mixed with other herbs, they form medicines that can be used for different purposes.
Osanyin is an Orisa with an eye, a leg, and an arm missing. This is said to have happened because of a war he had with Orunmila, where Orunmila sacrificed Sango and he sent thunder to punish Osanyin.
How to get initiated in Osanyin
Osanyin is a delicate Orisa, so not everyone should acquire his initiation. Only if Orunmila determines that his initiation will be favorable to him, does the learning continue. After the person who wishes to be initiated into Osanyin acquires the basic knowledge of this Orisa and is able to take care of it by himself, he can begin his initiation with the babalawo who is carrying out his learning. Divinations must be carried out to know what sacrifices are necessary before their initiation.
We must remember that in Traditional Yoruba practice the person interested in initiation must acquire knowledge before doing it. At Ilé Awo we help you check your knowledge of Ifá and the Orisa with the exclusive tests that you can find in Ojú Odù.
How to feed Osain
The purpose for which Osanyin is served can be both good and bad. It can be taken care of to cure a disease to a person, to obtain good luck, riches or even to achieve the destruction of an enemy. The preparation of medicines is done with powerful enchantments that have the name of Ofo Ase.
It can be served with guinea pepper, Obi abata (kola nut), roasted corn, and alcoholic beverages. Usually the person making the offering to Osain kneels on one leg at the time of propitiation. Once these medicines are prepared, they are placed in the Osun de Osanyin, for the Orisa to approve.
Some taboo
In many rituals the participation of women is prohibited, especially when they are menstruating. As well as, on many occasions, there are herbs that cannot be united since they can cause a detrimental effect. Should not be attended without the minimum knowledge so that care is not harmful.
Osanyin types in traditional practice
There is only one type of Osanyin, usually called "Eepa Osanyin". He is known as Elese Kan ti or le elese meji sare (The one-legged man who makes the two-legged man run).
However, the herbs used with this Orisa are classified into four groups, which correspond to the four elements of nature: water, air, earth and fire. These are: ewe afeefe (air – wind blades); ewe inon (blades of fire); ewe omi (water leaves); and ewe ile or ewe igbo (leaves from the ground or from the forest).
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To an employee, a performance evaluation/review is a big deal – after all, it only happens once or twice a year. To the manager responsible for reviewing large groups of direct reports, it can be easy to make mistakes that drastically impact the quality of the conversation and create unfortunate pitfalls in this important employee feedback process.
In our newest issue of Discover Doherty, an eMagazine created by Doherty Staffing Solutions, we've highlighted five common mistakes to avoid while conducting a performance evaluation, and some alternate ways to handle each situation. These performance pitfalls will be addressed:
1. How waiting until the annual evaluation to address issues can lead to misaligned expectations.
2. Why arriving to the review without backup could be a complete catastrophe.
3. How valuing personality over performance will get you in trouble, in more ways than you think.
4. Why asking filler questions about vague, big picture ideas aren't the best use of time.
5. How giving answers you may not be prepared to provide could create communication confusion on your team.
Complete the form below to download your FREE copy of Discover Doherty today! This issue includes the full article and more insights from our Employment Experts and industry partners.


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In recent years, the number of wastewater treatment plants has been increasing. After the completion of the wastewater treatment plant, the commissioning work of the wastewater treatment plant was neglected, causing fuctuations in the quality of water and water, and affecting the normal operation of the wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, we need to do a good job. Sewage treatment plant process debugging and operation. Based on the author's work experience, this article analyzes the commissioning and operating modes of the CASS process in the sewage treatment plant for readers' reference.
Inner Mongolia Environmental Protection
Sewage treatment plant

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


1,x 8,x 2,x 3}. Similarly, all clusters of each core point can be found by repeating the above method.
Finally, by DBSCAN algorithm, merge these small clusters if they have common data points. Therefore, the result of our proposed algorithm is C 1{x 1,x 2,x 3,x 4,x 8},C 2{x 5,x 6,x 7,x 10,x 12} and C 3{x 9,x 11}.
The data set in Table 2 is given for estimating the performance of our mobile social network data clustering algorithm. We use rough entropy method to calculate the similarity between data points and employ the basic idea of DBSCAN method to merge the clusters which have common data points to generate target clusters. Our algorithm analyzes the change of cluster purity after attempting to add new data points to the cluster. If the reduction of cluster purity keeps at an acceptable level of λ after adding a data point, then add the data point into the cluster. Analogously, if the number of instances in one cluster is under the minimum threshold value v, this cluster can be merged into other clusters by comparing the cluster purity.
Experimental results
In order to prove that our proposed clustering algorithm has a stronger performance so as to balance the utility of data and the efficiency of anonymization, we have implemented the algorithm using JAVA language and tested on several data sets obtained from the UCI Machine Learning Repository which were used in previous clustering works [12]. The local and global purity of clusters is used to measure the quality of the clusters. The global purity of a cluster is defined as:
$$\begin{aligned} \mathrm{Global \; purity=\frac{Number\;of\;data\;occurring\;in\;its\;corresponding\;class}{The\;number\;of\;data\;in\;the\;data\;set}} \end{aligned} $$
The local purity is defined as:
$$\mathrm{Local \; purity}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{m}\text{Purity}(i)} {m} $$
m is the number of clusters obtained from the proposed algorithm.
According to the above measure, a higher value of overall purity and local purity indicates a higher performance of clustering algorithm. Therefore, if these two values are 1, it means clustering algorithm is perfect for clustering data into its corresponding cluster. In this section, our proposed algorithm is compared to six algorithms based on Soybean and Zoo data sets to ensure the superiority and efficiency of our algorithm.
Experiment 1. The Soybean data set contains 47 objects. For each data point, the information of soybean diseases is described by 35 categorical attributes. This data set totally represents four kinds of soybean diseases. The data set includes 17 objects for describing Phytophthora Rot disease, 10 objects for describing Diaporthe Stem Canker disease, 10 objects for describing Charcoal Rot disease as well as 10 objects for describing Rhizoctonia Root Rot disease [1012]. Since there are four kinds of diseases, the results based on our algorithm generate four clusters. Table 6 summarizes the results of our algorithm on the Soybean data set.
Table 6 Local Purity of clusters in Soybean data
Table 6 contains information about actual and predicted data distribution by a clustering algorithm. Each column of the Table (C 1,C 2,...,C 4) represents the instances in an actual cluster, each row (1, 2,..., 4) represents the instances in a predicted cluster by a clustering algorithm in Soybean data set.
As shown in Table 6, all of 47 objects are correctly classified into its corresponding clusters. Thus, the local and global purity of the clusters is 100%. Kim et al. [9], Kumar et al. [10], Tripathy et al. [11], and Park et al. [12] have compared this data set with different categorical data clustering algorithms. In this research, our algorithm is applied to the same data set, and therefore we can compare with these algorithms to check superiority and efficiency of our proposed algorithm.
Figure 2 shows that our algorithm outperforms Fuzzy Centroids, MMeR, and SDR method on the Soybean data set [12]. Our algorithm has the most significant local and global purity which is 1.0, which means all of the clusters is correctly classified. Since the distribution of clusters is not dense in this data set and even the threshold value λ is quite large, it will not suffer from the overfitting problem. Therefore, we can ensure that our algorithm has higher superiority and efficiency than MMeR, SDR algorithm.
Fig. 2
figure2
Comparison of Soybean data set with other algorithm [12]
Experiment 2. The Zoo data set contains 101 objects. For each data point, the information of an animal is described by 18 categorical attributes. This data set totally represents seven kinds of animals [1012]. Therefore, the result based on our algorithm needs to generate seven clusters and compare with other algorithms. Table 7 summarizes the results of run our algorithm on the Zoo data set.
Table 7 Local purity of clusters in Zoo data
Similar to Table 6, each column of the Table 7 (C 1,C 2,...,C 7) represents the instances in an actual cluster, each row (1, 2,..., 7) represents the instances in a predicted cluster by a clustering algorithm in Zoo data set.
For 101 objects, 93 objects are correctly classified into its corresponding clusters. Thus, the global purity of the clusters is 92%.
The comparison of global and local purity are showed as follows:
From Fig. 3, it is clear that our algorithm has the highest purities as the local purity is 88.4%, the global purity is 92%, and total purity is 90.2%. Therefore, our algorithm performs better than Fuzzy Centroids, MMeR, SDR, and ITDR algorithm on the Zoo data set [12]. Our algorithm not only has the more significant local purity but also has the more significant global purity. It means we decrease misclassification during running the clustering algorithm.
Fig. 3
figure3
Comparison of Zoo data set with other algorithm [12]
From above two examples, we can conclude that our algorithm is the most efficient algorithm for categorical data clustering. Meanwhile, our experiments show that it is more efficient than MMeR, SDR, and ITDR which employ the rough set theory for clustering. Therefore, our clustering algorithm is suitable for k-anonymization and will reduce the information loss and provide more useful mobile social network data to the government or companies.
Conclusions
Social networks are growing rapidly with the development of mobile devices. These devices supply valuable user information to social network including the user's geographical location coordinates. Meanwhile, mobile social network data provide interesting opportunities to researchers and/or companies with many disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, market, or habit research. Therefore, these data are badly in need of anonymization before it gets published by mobility data managers. For balancing the utility of these data and the performance of anonymization, we propose a new clustering method for anonymous mobile social network data. Our algorithm needs no initial points and cluster number from users and it can handle the impreciseness of data. The theoretical studies and experimental results show that our method is more efficient than most of the related algorithms including MMeR, SDR, and ITDR which are the algorithms based on rough set theory. We believe that our approach is useful and credible for anonymization. The further work will focus on gathering high dimension mobile social network data to estimate the feasibility of our proposed approach.
References
 1. 1
 L Sweeney, k-anonymity: A model for protecting privacy. Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowledge-Based Syst. 10(05), 557–570 (2002).
 2. 2
 L Sweeney, Achieving k-anonymity privacy protection using generalization and suppression. Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowledge-Based Syst. 10(05), 571–588 (2002).
 3. 3
 G Aggarwal, T Feder, K Kenthapadi, S Khuller, R Panigrahy, D Thomas, A Zhu, in Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. Achieving anonymity via clustering (ACMNew York, 2006), pp. 153–162.
 4. 4
 X Xu, M Numao, in 2015 Third International Symposium on Computing and Networking (CANDAR). An efficient generalized clustering method for achieving k-anonymization (IEEESapporo, 2015), pp. 499–502.
 5. 5
 G Panda, B Tripathy, S Jha, Security aspects in mobile cloud social network services. Int. J. 2(1) (2011).
 6. 6
 J-L Lin, M-C Wei, in Proceedings of the 2008 International Workshop on Privacy and Anonymity in Information Society. An efficient clustering method for k-anonymization (ACMNew York, 2008), pp. 46–50.
 7. 7
 J-W Byun, A Kamra, E Bertino, N Li, in Advances in Databases: Concepts, Systems and Applications. Efficient k-anonymization using clustering techniques (SpringerBerlin


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NEW RECORD OF BRACHYDISTOMUM MICROSCELIS (YAMAGUTI, 1933) (TREMATODA, DICROCOELIIDAE) FROM HOUSE SPARROWPASSER DOMESTICUS BIBLICUS HARTERT, 1904 IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ
Keywords:Brachydistomum, Digenia, Gall bladder, House sparrow, Passer, Trematoda.
A total of 30 specimens of house sparrow Passer domesticus biblicus Hartert, 1904 (15 females and 15 males) were collected from gardens of some houses in Baghdad city; all birds were dissected to identify the parasites in vesicle, gizzard, intestine, gall bladder and caecum. One species of trematodes Brachydistomum microscelis (Yamaguti, 1933) was found in the gall bladder and two species of cestodes Anonchotaenia globata (von Linstow, 1879) and Raillietina tetragona (Molin, 1858) were found in the small intestine of house sparrow. Morphologic and morphometric measurements were considered.
The genus Brachydistomum Travassos, 1944 is being recorded for the first time in Iraq in the gall bladder of house sparrow, as it was not previously recorded from birds in Iraq.


Home > Products > Fireworks > Support > Buttons
Fireworks Icon Macromedia Fireworks Support Center - Buttons
Working with Macromedia Fireworks MX buttons and navigation bars
Macromedia Fireworks MX is the ideal tool for creating and maintaining navigation bars. Using instance-level properties, you can define a number of characteristics for individual buttons without affecting other buttons. Instance-level properties also enable you to make modifications to a button without breaking the link between the button instance and the original button symbol. This simplifies the web design workflow by saving time and gives you great flexibility when designing navigation.
Instance-level properties eliminate the difficulty you might have experienced if you used previous versions of Fireworks to create navigation bars. Whenever you made any instance different from the others (by defining different text on each button, for example), a message box appeared that asked if you wanted to break the link between the instance and its button symbol or if you wanted to make the change to all instances. While breaking the link between instance and symbol gave you flexibility in the design of your buttons, it made maintenance difficult because no longer could you make a global change using the button symbol.
By completing this tutorial, you'll learn about instance-level and symbol-level properties for Fireworks MX buttons. You will create and modify a navigation bar, export it, and then test it in a web browser. If you have a copy of Macromedia Dreamweaver MX, you'll also explore what happens to a Fireworks navigation bar when opened from within Dreamweaver MX.
Before you begin, preview the file that you will create.
To complete the tutorial, you'll need the following source file:
Download the Windows source file (112K)
Download the Macintosh source file (116K)
When the file decompresses, a folder named nav_buttons is created on your system.
If you have trouble downloading or decompressing the file, see TechNote 13686.
Note: If you plan to perform the optional, last procedure in this tutorial (to examine the end result in Dreamweaver), it's best to copy the nav_buttons folder into a Dreamweaver site folder on your system, to ensure that Fireworks and Dreamweaver integration will function properly. See Dreamweaver Help for information about creating a site folder.
About button symbols and instances
Create a button symbol
Create a navigation bar
Modify the navigation bar
Export the navigation bar
Examine the navigation bar in Dreamweaver
Moving on
Tonya Estes
Tonya Estes writes documentation and tutorials for Fireworks and FreeHand.
6 June 2002
button, navigat, HTML, web page, instance, symbol, tutorial


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This is a session based auth scheme for Hapi. A lot of the code was gratuitously stolen from the cookie auth scheme in the Hapi code, and this module works in much the same way. The biggest difference is in that rather than storing the entire session object in the cookie, this module stores only an ID. The rest of the data is stored in your Hapi server's cache, and retrieved when required. This gets around the issue of storing large amounts of data in the session without causing a race condition.
For example usage see the server.js in the examples directory


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Culvert Analysis, Green Infrastructure Study and Impacts of Climate Change
Funded by a grant from Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management
Manchester experiences frequent flooding and water quality impairment in the Sawmill Brook Watershed (PDF). Both issues are exacerbated due to a combination of hydraulic restrictions from culverts and the Center Street tidal dam, stormwater runoff from developed areas, a highly channelized stream system and poor infiltration conditions. Flooding and water quality problems will be magnified in coming years due to climate changes and expansion of impervious areas from future development.
This project will evaluate the required capacity of existing culverts and
bridges under different climate change and land use scenarios including implementing
"green" stormwater improvements and alternative flood storage solutions at key locations
in the watershed. Once complete, this project will support science-based informed decision
making relative to future infrastructure investments.
This project compliments the FEMA Hazard Mitigation Plan Enhancement Project (funded
by FEMA and administered by MEMA). The project will incorporate potential impacts of climate
change on critical sectors in town into the hazard mitigation plan.
Learn more at: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Plan Enhancement.


Descent of Man
Charles Darwin first illustrated an evolutionary explanation of beards in 'The Descent of Man'.
In which he hypothesized that the process of sexual selection may have led to beards. Females find hirsute suitors sexy. Explanations for the existence of beards include signalling sexual maturity and signalling dominance by increasing perceived size of jaws, and clean-shaved faces are rated less dominant than bearded. Detractors may deny it, but modern biologists have reaffirmed Darwin's theory with evidence that the ladies find mates with beards more attractive than their clean-shaven brethren.


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I ran into a problem controlling my synth module with renoise.
Whenever I choose a MIDI out and channel for a track it gives all the tracks
the same settings. I'd like to set all the tracks to different MIDI outs and channels.
How do I do this?
Thanks for reading.
I believe you used this panel, right?
well, this panel sets the properties per instrument, not per track: the idea behind trackers is not to bound an instrument to a specific track.
The MIDI out defines the MIDI device you select to control, the channel is related to the channel your instrument is attached to on your external midi device.
Renoise just sends MIDI signals to that specific channel set for that device configured in that instrument slot.
To assign a different channel to a different instrument, pick a new instrument slot and reconfigure the MIDI properties (see above image) for that instrument slot to the proper channel for the instrument you want to control.
If you have multiple MIDI devices upon the same MIDI port, you will have to assign a different channel to an instrument on each device if you want only control that specific instrument.
If you use the same channel on different devices on that MIDI-port, the result will be that every device attached to it that gets the signal on that channel will respond to it if that specific channel has been assigned to an instrument which will cause a kakafonic event if that response was not planned.


High Availability
A high availability (HA) deployment of two Citrix ADC appliances can provide uninterrupted operation in any transaction. With one appliance configured as the primary node and the other as the secondary node, the primary node accepts connections and manages servers while the secondary node monitors the primary. If, for any reason, the primary node is unable to accept connections, the secondary node takes over.
The secondary node monitors the primary by sending periodic messages (often called heartbeat messages or health checks) to determine whether the primary node is accepting connections. If a health check fails, the secondary node retries the connection for a specified period, after which it determines that the primary node is not functioning normally. The secondary node then takes over for the primary (a process called failover).
After a failover, all clients must reestablish their connections to the managed servers, but the session persistence rules are maintained as they were before the failover.
With Web server logging persistence enabled, no log data is lost due to the failover. For logging persistence to be enabled, the log server configuration must carry entries for both systems in the log.conf file.
The following figure shows a network configuration with an HA pair.
Figure 1. Citrix ADC Appliances in a High Availability Configuration
localized image
To configure HA, you might want to begin by creating a basic setup, with both nodes in the same subnet. You can then customize the intervals at which the nodes communicate health-check information, the process by which nodes maintain synchronization, and the propagation of commands from the primary to the secondary. You can configure fail-safe mode to prevent a situation in which neither node is primary. If your environment includes devices that do not accept Citrix ADC gratuitous ARP messages, you should configure virtual MAC addresses. When you are ready for a more complex configuration, you can configure HA nodes in different subnets.
To improve the reliability of your HA setup, you can configure route monitors and create redundant links. In some situations, such as when troubleshooting or performing maintenance tasks, you might want to force a node to fail over (assign primary status to the other node), or you might want to force the secondary node to stay secondary or the primary node to stay primary.
High Availability


Specification by example
You can write anything using reStructuredText to provide context and explain the tests themselves. It's a perfect possibility for stakeholders to ensure they have the same understanding of what's going on.
*** Settings ***
Library OperatingSystem
*** Variables ***
${MESSAGE} Hello, world!
${FILE_PATH} /tmp/test.txt
*** Test Cases ***
Temporary Directory Must Be Writable
 [Documentation] Let's create a file into the tmp directory
 Create File ${FILE_PATH} ${MESSAGE}
 Should Exist ${FILE_PATH}
Obviously, this is a proper RST file and can be processed by sphinx for instance.
This Page


text:
To check the specific gravity of the electrolyte, it is possible to use a hydrometer (also called an "aerometer") or a digital density meter (also called a "digital hydrometer").
Using a hydrometer
A lead acid battery hydrometer is a special type of hydrometer which looks like a syringe with a bulb. Inside the bulb there is a float which is calibrated for measuring the Specific Gravity (SG). To use the hydrometer, you suck some of the battery acid (H2SO4) out of the battery up into the bulb and read off the value indicated by the float floating in the sample.
Using a digital density meter
A digital density meter (sometimes called a digital hydrometer) can be used to measure the specific gravity of the sulfuric acid electrolyte as long as the measuring cell withstands aggressive acids. The result is typically converted into the right temperature and displayed in the desired unit like SG (Specific Gravity) 80/80 on the digital display.
Density meters (or digital hydrometers) have some advantages over hydrometers: As well as being quicker and giving the result on a digital display already converted to the temperature, cleaning is simpler. Between measurements with a digital density meter cleaning of the cell is not required because the samples are similar, only a rinsing prior to the next measurement is performed. Density measurement on a density meter only requires handling of a small volume of 2 mL.
By following a few simple guidelines it is possible to ensure good density measurement results.


text:
While chicken bones and other poultry bones may not be healthy to give dogs, there are many bones that are OK to give them as a treat every now and then. Bones can help improve a dog's dental health by scraping plaque and food off your dog's teeth, and give them something to keep them entertained for a few hours. Learn the bones that are healthy to give your dog for overall health.
According to Dr. Ian Billinghurst, author of "Give Your Dog a Bone", which can be purchased at his website, bonsah.com, only cooked bones are unhealthy for dogs. Cooked bones tend to split and have sharp edges that can damage your dog's mouth, throat, and intestinal lining, whereas raw meat bones are hardier and full of healthy marrow and meats that your dog can enjoy without risk of the bone "shattering" and your dog consuming small pieces of bone that could damage your dog's body.
Beef bones are healthier than pork or chicken to feed your dogs, and Dr. Billinghurst even recommends that you can give your dog raw chicken bones as long as it's a chicken wing, although if this makes you nervous you can give your dog a raw beef bone instead, which is harder and will keep your dog busier longer. You can buy dog bones in most meat departments in the local grocery store, or just shop for beef stew bones with a decent amount of meat on them to feed your dog.
If your dog buries a bone and chews on it later, that's OK, too. A raw bone buried and then rediscovered later will still be healthy for your dog, akin to aged meat, whereas a buried cooked bone will become rotten and can actually make your dog sick.
There are a lot of minerals and proteins in the marrow and meat of the raw bone you give your dog, and the exercise they get from chewing, tearing, and gnawing on a raw bone is healthy and stimulating for them. Dr. Billinghurst claims that your dog gets all the minerals it needs from eating raw bones.
Raw bones clean your dogs teeth, too. The constant chewing and ripping and gnawing motions massages the gums and keeps tooth decay and plaque at bay, and scrapes tarter and plaque off your dog's teeth as he chews on the bone's hard surface.
Give your dog a bone, I guess, and if you are trepidatious upon giving your dog a raw bone, give them a large one that they cannot fit fully in their mouth, and have them enjoy it outdoors where you can watch. My dog gets many beef bones in the summer, and often buries them to rediscover them later, and my veterinarian says that is just fine so long as I stick with beef and not chicken or pork bones. I know my dog loves 'em, and giving her a raw bone keeps her entertained for hours at a time.


No Man is an Island and neither is a Data Center
Keeping the Data Center alive
The general assumption by most is that keeping your data center running is akin to keeping it "available". The reality is that availability and running do go hand in hand. However, running doesn't guarantee availability.
The data center community spends billions of dollars every year on facilities that can withstand a variety of disasters. Money is spent on risk avoidance for fire, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, minor terrorist attacks or even the angry worker trying to drive a truck through the door. However, the primary limitation is still that these protections in most cases only help to guarantee that the data center keeps running.
My Data Center is Safe, what else matters?
So, you figured out how to protect your data center from the disaster du jour, congratulations. It's too bad that even though your data center was protected your customers can't use it or your employees can't access it. That's right, you've got power and HVAC, the servers and disk drives are humming, but your customers can't access anything, why is that?
The data center is no different than a man (person). As with any living being you need your ecosystem to support your existence.
Example disaster scenario: Human in an urban environment
You've built a strong house, with good security. You maintain a small supply of food and water, and maybe even have a generator. Then a major disaster occurs that eliminates your ability to be mobile and your access to many external services.
What happens when:
- you need a doctor?
- you run out of milk?
- you need a firefighter or police officer?
- you need to travel?
- you can't connect to NetFlix?
- your 15 year old can't update Facebook?
- Etc., etc.
As you can quickly gather from the above example the human in this case is likely to start having problems fairly quickly, even though they are "alive" post disaster. While alive is almost always better than the alternative, being alive for a few extra days is not the same as surviving to live on.
Example disaster scenario: Data Center
You've built an earthquake safe data center (A building that can withstand the proverbial "big one"). You've even installed base isolation under the server cabinets to avoid any serious vibration or shock to the IT equipment. Unfortunately, the water main two blocks away doesn't have the same earthquake protection, and neither did the nearby highway overpass that feeds the area your data center is in. Then, because of a road cracking and the overpass collapse all the fiber coming to your facility is gone. Good news though, the data center is still running on its own generators and temporary water supply.
What happens when;
- your customer(s) needs to access equipment remotely like they most often do?
- your staff can't gain access to the facility because of local conditions?
- your staff is unavailable because they are worried about their own family safety and health issues?
- you begin to run low on diesel, or water and the roads are impassable or you aren't the priority for limited supplies?
- Etc., etc.
The above situation can apply to any number of disasters from a hurricane to a tornado or even a major fire, snow storm or flood. In the above scenario your data center might actually be functioning as an island, but what good does that do you? Sure, your equipment is safe, and when services are restored you won't have to rebuild your infrastructure, but in the mean time you are down as far as your customers are concerned.
Modified thinking around data center design and location is required
Historically the concerns I've voiced above were more limited in risk and to some degree even to potential of disaster occurrence. However, there are several factors that are changing or should be changing our long held assumptions about what "safe" means for our data center facilities.
Factor 1: Climate Change
Believe in Climate Change or not the fact remains that on a regional and global scale we are seeing more natural disasters than ever and these disasters are getting bigger in scope. Fires, hurricanes, droughts, tornadoes, and other weather phenomenon are increasingly getting nastier. If we hold the assumption that weather related disasters will occur more frequently, and will impact new regions, we see a significant magnification of the problem occurring (I.e., More storms that are stronger, in combination with a wider area of influence or impact). There's even a new study that suggests that rapid climate change can increase the number and severity of volcanic eruptions.
Factor 2: Density & Value
We are continuing to place more value (real & perceived) on our access to technology. Every day we move more of what we used to do with a car or our hands in to a technology solution. Through the increased availability of technology we are finding even more ways to take advantage of it, effectively accelerating the growth of technology use. This greater our emphasis on technology becomes, the more dependent on it we becomes. As this dependence grows, the importance of it being available to us goes up.
Factor 3: Infrastructure Demands Changing
There are many variables that affect how our IT infrastructure solutions are built and protected. In some cases the advent of cloud oriented solutions means you have greater protection from localized disasters (I.e., Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, etc). However, in other cases, legacy IT, enterprise IT, and Big Data there is likelihood that more protection in a given location will be necessary, not less.
Given the three factors above it would seem to point to the notion that how you build to protect your data center should get a higher priority, but even more importantly, where you build is critical.
Decision Process
As with any major IT or business decision a number of factors of opportunity and risk need to be weighed before you make a final choice. Each of the factors need to be considered; latency, sustainability, access to connectivity, power, water, and skilled staff, etc. So, if you find yourself looking at several options whose costs are similar, but one has a better more survivable location, you know what you should pick. Why accept the risk that a tornado might remove the data centers roof or a flood might inundate your equipment, if you don't need to?
Location, Location, Location...
I've written about site selection decisions before (Blog 1 & Blog 2), but never have I felt it so important to consider the disaster risk at the same level as I do now. With the recent hurricanes on the East Coast, and tornados hitting more often in more locations than ever, I don't see how you can avoid the question of "Is this the safest place for me to entrust my companies IT jewels?"
Whether Human or Data Center, your ecosystem of support is critical
Dig deep into your list of requirements for where you company's compute infrastructure should be placed, eliminate the requirements associated with latency, power, sustainability, political risk, etc. Then using the remaining options, pick the one that offers the best combination of price and protection, keeping in mind that protection is much more than a well-built facility. However, that doesn't mean that if you find a safe geographic location you can forget about things like roof penetrations, wood in the construction, poor operational habits, and other basic facility operations and design factors that are critical to service availability. With all the concern I've voiced about weather and geography, the two most likely issues are fire (keep wood out) and people (have excellent operations habits and tools).


Metasequoia glyptostroboides
The topic Metasequoia glyptostroboides is discussed in the following articles:
dawn redwood
 - TITLE: dawn redwood (plant)
 genus of conifers represented by a single living species, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, from central China. Fossil representatives, such as M. occidentalis, dated to about 90 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous Period, are known throughout the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Climatic cooling and drying that began about 65.5 million years ago...


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Migrating from Open-Source Argo CD
The Akuity Platform automates the deployment of the upstream version of Argo CD, but packages it in a unique hybrid architecture that significantly improves performance and scalability. However, the API, CLI, UI, and CRDs will be no different than open-source Argo CD.
The main considerations during a migration to an Argo CD instance on the Akuity Platform will come down to implementation details.
Considerations
Applications Targeting the in-cluster Destination
When running the open-source Argo CD, it's common to deploy resources into the same cluster that Argo CD is running in. This is known as the in-cluster destination (or the server URL _URL_).
On the Akuity Platform, in-cluster refers to the control plane hosting your Argo CD instance. You can only deploy Application, ApplicationSet, and AppProject resources to this destination (see the Declarative Management).
When migrating to the Akuity Platform, any cluster that Argo CD will manage resources in will be connected by deploying the Akuity Agent into it. This means Applications that were targeting the in-cluster destination to deploy resources other than Application, ApplicationSet, and AppProject, will now need to target a named cluster.
For example, this Application was targeting the in-cluster destination:
apiVersion: _URL_
kind: Application
metadata:
name: guestbook
spec:
project: default
source:
repoURL: '_URL_
path: guestbook
targetRevision: HEAD
destination:
namespace: default
name: in-cluster # <--
syncPolicy:
automated: {}
While migrating to the Akuity Platform, the cluster was connected using the agent and was given the name my-cluster. So the destination.name of the Application will need to be changed from in-cluster to my-cluster.
 destination:
namespace: default
-- name: in-cluster
++ name: my-cluster
tip
It's recommended to use the destination.name over the destination.server as it provides greater flexibility (since a server URL using an IP address or generated FQDN can change if a cluster is recreated, but the name will remain the same) and improves the readability of the Application destination (the name will match that of the cluster name used when provisioning the Akuity Agent).
Application's used for the App of Apps pattern (i.e. that deploy other Application resources) can continue to target the in-cluster destination. However, any child Applications that target the in-cluster destination will need to be updated to target the connected cluster by name (or server URL).
Resource Tracking Method
The Akuity Platform takes advantage of the annotation resource tracking method. On first sync of an Application with existing resources, Argo CD will add the annotation and if the original Argo CD instance used the default label or annotation+label methods, it will remove the label.
On the original instance, if it still has the Application and is monitoring those resources, the Application will show as out-of-sync with a diff for the annotation and label.
Resource Tracking Diff
To avoid this, update the original instance to use the annotation resource tracking method prior to switching to the Akuity Platform.
Non-cascading Deletion of Applications
When removing Applications from the original Argo CD instance, it's important to use the non-cascading propagation policy to ensure the Application is deleted without pruning the resources managed by it.
Step-by-Step Guide to an Active-Active Migration
This guide will cover how to do an Active-Active migration from an open-source Argo CD installation to an instance on the Akuity Platform. The goal is to have both instances in the cluster as Applications are moved over incrementally. Then the original Argo CD instance is torn down without any impact to the running workloads.
Your specific implementation of Argo CD may vary from the assumptions of the guide. It's highly recommended to start with the lowest-impact Applications to ensure that there are no unexpected side effects.
To start off, let's assume you have Argo CD running in the argocd namespace of the managed cluster.
% k get deploy -n argocd
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
argocd-applicationset-controller 1/1 1 1 14d
argocd-dex-server 1/1 1 1 14d
argocd-notifications-controller 1/1 1 1 14d
argocd-redis 1/1 1 1 14d
argocd-repo-server 1/1 1 1 14d
argocd-server 1/1 1 1 14d
After creating an Argo CD instance on the Akuity Platform of the same version as the original installation, install the Akuity Agent into the akuity namespace of the same cluster.
warning
The Akuity Agent is intentionally installed in a separate namespace (akuity) from the Argo CD installation (argocd) because they both create resources with the same names. For example, both will create an argocd-repo-server Deployment.
% k get deploy -n akuity
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
akuity-agent 2/2 2 2 82s
argocd-application-controller 1/1 1 1 82s
argocd-applicationset-controller 0/0 0 0 82s
argocd-image-updater 0/0 0 0 82s
argocd-notifications-controller 1/1 1 1 82s
argocd-redis 1/1 1 1 81s
argocd-repo-server 2/2 2 2 81s
Now, on the Akuity Platform Argo CD instance, create the same Application as on the original instance. If the original destination was in-cluster, make sure to update the destination.name (or destination.server) to reflect the new cluster. At this point, both instances will be monitoring and managing the resources for the Application.
On the original Argo CD instance, delete the Application using the non-cascading propagation policy.
At this point, the Akuity Platform Argo CD instance will manage the Application and it's resources.


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The reason for using a hood is to block light rays from elements outside of the actual frame (stray light) to enter into the lens and degrade the image quality (lowering contrast). Effectively, it "shades" the lens from these rays. Since a sensor is rectangular, valid light rays that fall on the corners arrive from angles larger than light rays that fall on the middle of the sensor's edge. This is why many hoods have the "petal" form. Otherwise you will suffer from either vignetting at the frame corners, or lower effectiveness in blocking invalid rays.
With increasing focal length, the petal shape becomes less required and there is a transition to circular shape. Another reason for circular hoods is rotating front elements of the lens, where the hood is mounted. When focusing, the element (and hood) rotates so if you use petal hood it will lose its alignment with the sensor.


text:
Anger - The Door To all Evil
- Arabic Introduction: Glory Be To allah
- The Qualities of the Believers
- Legitimate Reasons for Anger
- Anger that is Praiseworthy
- Was the prophet Ever Angered?
- Anger Management in Western Socities
- The Cure for anger in Islam: A Prophetic Prescription
- Angry:But against Whom?
- Du'a (arabic)
Why do we get angry? What is the cure to our anger? In this Inspiring talk, given on Friday during the blessed month of Ramadan 1425/2004 at the Islamic Cultural Centre of New York. Shaykh Muhammad al Yaqoubi provides an analysis of anger - its causes and effects, and makes a comparison between anger management in western socities and the cure for it in Islam.
The Islamic Ditye of Ramadan
Shaykh Muhammad Al-Yaqoubi
Shaykh Muhammad al-yaqoubi's Biography
Shaykh Muhammad al-yaqoubi is one of the leading scholars of Islam in the world today, He is an outstanding spiritual guide and an eloquent public speaker in both Arabic and English. His words have transformed the lives of thousands of Muslims and non-Muslims around the world. He is a descendant of Prophet from a family of scholars that have taught the sacred knowledge for centuries. He was trained very closely by his father the late Shaykh Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi, one of the greatest scholars of the modern times and a true man of allah. shaykh Muhammad was given several ijazas (licenses) in various disciplines by some of the top ulema (scholars) of Syria from the early 70's and onward, all of which have contributed to his incredible success as one of the shining stars of our time, He is indeed an ocean of knowledge and lantern of guidance


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Tanjung Priok is a district of North Jakarta, Indonesia. It hosts the western part of the city's main harbor, the Port of Tanjung Priok (located in Tanjung Priok District and Koja District). The district of Tanjung Priok is bounded by Laksamana Yos Sudarso Tollway and Sunter River canal to the east, by Kali Japat, Kali Ancol, and the former Kemayoran Airport to the southwest, by Sunter Jaya Road and Sunter Kemayoran Road to the south, and by Jakarta Bay to the north.
Before human development, the coastal area of what is now Tanjung Priok was an area of brackish water with swamp and mangrove forest. The area was developed in the late nineteenth century as a new harbor of Batavia to replace the Sunda Kelapa harbor area to the west that had become too small for the increased traffic resulting from the opening of the Suez Canal. The construction of the new harbor was started in 1877 by Governor General Johan Wilhelm van Lansberge (_PHONE_). The new harbor was named Tandjong Priok. Several facilities were built to support the function of the new harbor, such as the Tanjung Priok Station (1914).
Tanjung Priok is variously spelled in history as "Tandjong Priok", "Tandjoeng Priok" or "Tanjon Preeq".
Tanjung Priok was the site of a widely publicized incident on September 12, 1984, when army forces fired on a group of Muslim protesters. The protesters were demonstrating against proposed government regulations that would require all formal organisations in the country to adopt Pancasila as their ideology. There were conflicting reports about the total death toll, but most sources indicate that several hundred protesters were killed. After the fall of Suharto the case was taken up again, and in 2003 fourteen people, among them a former commander of the Kopassus special forces unit, were named as suspects in the 1984 killings.
Kelurahan (administrative villages)
The district of Tanjung Priok is divided into seven kelurahan ("administrative villages"):
On November 20, 2011, the Jakarta administration inaugurated the city's first railways tourism package aimed at attracting more tourists and reducing traffic congestion from Gambir railway station to the Tanjung Priok railway station.
- List of East Asian ports
- Cobban, James L. 1985. "The ephemeral historic district in Jakarta". Geographical Review 75(3):300-318.
- Burns, Peter. 1989. "The post Priok trials: religious principles and legal issues". Indonesia 47:61-88.
- 2003 Amnesty International Report Archived 2006-12-07 at the Wayback Machine
- "Jakarta opens first railway tourism". November 21, 2011.


Browse The NAHA Bookstore
Essential Oils and the Doctrine of Signatures
Category: NAHA Teleseminars
Essential Oils and the Doctrine of Signatures
only $10.00 each
Essential Oils and the Doctrine of Signatures
with Cynthia Brownley and Joy Musacchio
So most of us know that essential oils are distilled or extracted from various parts of the plants and trees. The essential oils that we use are stored in secretory sacs in the roots, leaves, wood, flowers, leaves, seeds, fruits, bark and resin. While we readily look to the chemistry of the essential oil to determine its therapeutic uses, we can also look to the plant and tree as well as the particular part of that plant and tree that the oil comes from.
In today's world we analyze nature by way of technological imaging, before nature was simply what we saw in front of us. As Matthew Wood states, "The doctrine of signatures is used around the world in pre-modern cultures where thought-by-association is accepted as a valid means of obtaining knowledge of the world. The idea is that a plant that looks like the disease, organ, or person it will heal."
In this teleseminar we will explore:
* The correlations between certain essential oils and plant parts
* Therapeutic blending according to the Doctrine of Signatures
* The energetics and applications of various plant parts
* Signatures and Symbolism
"The practice must not proceed from the theory, but the theory from practice." -Paracelsus
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According to my Real Analysis textbook, a family $\scr{F}$ of measurable functions on $E$ is said to be uniformly integrable over $E$ provided for each $\epsilon$ $>$ $0$, there is a $\delta$ $>$ $0$ such that for each $f$ $\in$ $\scr{F}$, if $A$ $\subseteq$ $E$ is measurable and $m(A)$ $<$ $\delta$, then $\int_{A}$$|f|$ $<$ $\epsilon$. That is fine, but my textbook doesn't really give any good examples or counterexamples. I am studying for a final exam in Real Analysis, and would like some input in regards to any examples or counterexamples for uniform integrability of Lebesgue integrable functions. Thanks!
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2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
You might be able to find more examples of UI and non-UI functions from probability books. But the definition there is different, and not equivalent to yours (similar ideas though).
Here are some examples that you can find/adapt from Wikipedia. You still need to prove them because the definition there is different.
 1. Any finite set of Lebesgue integrable functions is U.I. (because of absolute continuity of integral.)
 2. Any family bounded by an $L^1$ function: $\{f\in L^1: |f|\le g\}$ where $g\in L^1$ is U.I.
 3. $\{f\in L^p:\|f\|_{L^p}\le C\}$ with $p>1$ is U.I. (because of Holder's inequality)
Examples of non-U.I. families should not be too hard. You can construct a sequence of functions with the "mass" more and more concentrated. For example, consider the family of functions $\{f_n(x)=n \mathbf{1}_{[0,\frac{1}{n}]}:n=1,2,\cdots\}$. It's easy to use your definition to prove that this family is not U.I. (But it is U.I. in the sense defined in probability theory, which you can find from Wikipedia.)
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There seems to be an error here: the given family $f_n = 1_{[0,\frac{1}{n}]}$ is uniformly integrable in every sense, and it converges to $0$ in $L^1$. Perhaps you meant to take $f_n = n 1_{[0,\frac{1}{n}]}$? That fails to be uniformly integrable in every sense. – Nate Eldredge Mar 11 '12 at 4:33
At the risk of being insulting I'll rephrase it like they do in the intro-to-proofs class.
Just like the notion of 'uniform convergence' or 'uniform continuity' it means that as you move around your set, things only change in a bounded way.
If we know that a family $\mathscr{F}$ is uniformly integrable over $E$, that means that if you tell me a size, no matter how small, I can tell you how small a subset of $E$ you have to choose so that the integral over it is negligible for any function in $\mathscr{F}$.
It means that the functions in your family don't get too big anywhere as you go around your family. The family is 'uniform.'
With this intuition we can come up with an example of a non-uniformly integrable set:
Consider the family $\mathscr{F}$ that contains the sequence of functions $(f_n)$ over $[0,1]$ where: $$f_n(x):=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}n & x\in\left[0,\frac{1}{n}\right]\\ 0 & \text{otherwise}\end{array}\right..$$
Fix some small $\varepsilon>0$. No matter how small a size $\delta>0$ we choose, we can always find a set $A$ where for some $h\in\mathscr{F},\ \int_A |h| \ dx >\varepsilon.$ In particular, choose $A=[0,\delta]$, and $h=f_N,$ for any $N>\frac{100}{\delta}.$ Now that integral is at least $100.$
So no matter how small (but positive) a size we choose, we can find some place in $\mathscr{F}$ where the function is big there.
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text:
The main goal of educational psychology is to offer people new ways of seeing, knowing, and experiencing the world. Visual arts such as digital photography, drawing, and painting serve as mediums through which individuals develop basic skills that allow them to express their feelings and ideas; thus, art becomes a means of self-expression that enable individuals to improve their understandings of their personal struggles, wants and needs.
Benefits of consultation:
Specialized in educational psychology and Arts-based education, Prof. Saad develops educational programs that serve individuals' needs and expectations. Being a practicing artist and educational programs developer feed her passion of working with people who are eager to develop better understanding of their lives. Prof. Saad provides her clients with one-to-one sessions to work collectively on constructing series of sessions that respond to their conditions and help them achieve short and long terms goals. Reaching new closure at the end of each session, inform the following step toward achieving a bigger goal and this is how my clients become aware of their progress and development.


text:
Interagency Coordinating Council
"The mission of the Utah Interagency Coordinating Council for Infants and Toddlers with Special Needs is to assure that each infant and young child with special needs will have the opportunity to achieve optimal health and development within the context of the family."
Introduction to ICC: Interagency Coordinating Council for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities and their Families
What is Early Intervention?
Baby Watch Early Intervention is a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, interagency, multidisciplinary system, which provides early intervention services to infants and toddlers, younger than three years of age, with developmental delay or disability, and their families. Early intervention is the "baby" piece of Special Education. The program is authorized through the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), Part C, (Early Intervention Program for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities). In 1987, Utah's Governor designated the Department of Health (DOH) as the "Lead Agency" for the early intervention program. Utah was one of the very first states in the nation to fully implement its early intervention program after securing the approval of the State Legislature.
At present, there are 16 early intervention programs that serve more than 2,000 children per month in the state. It is anticipated that the demand for these services will continually increase.
What is an Interagency Coordinating Council (ICC)?
The creation of an ICC was established with the passage of federal law P.L. 99-457 in October 1986. Developers of the legislation recognized the need for a group outside of the Lead Agency to "advise and assist" in the development of such a system. The independent nature of the ICC is one feature that gives the group the potential for making a contribution to the development of the service system.
Another feature of the regulations is the multidisciplinary and the multi-constituency representation on the ICC. By specifying what types of members should be included on the ICC, the legislation enables states to bring together consumer, clinical, political, and administrative communities. This merging of a variety of communities facilitates the building of bridges between the involved agencies. In addition, the committee has provided a broader vision of the service system based upon the participation and contributions of all relevant providers and consumers.
The ICC, a body required by statute to be appointed by each state's Governor, is to be an important participant in the development of a well-coordinated service system (Federal Interagency Coordinating Council, June, 1989). Each state ICC determines, in conjunction with the Lead Agency, the nature of the roles and tasks it chooses to perform at various policy stages.
The Utah ICC is an interagency group whose membership represents the statewide early childhood services community. It is comprised of up to 25 members.
The purpose of the Utah ICC is to advise and assist the lead agency in the Division of Community and Family Health Services, Bureau of Children with Special Health Care Needs in the UDOH.
Much of the work of the ICC is accomplished in standing committees and ad hoc task force meetings that perform long range planning, study specific issues and make appropriate actions. A member of the ICC chairs each committee.
What role does the ICC play?
The Council functions as a planning body at the systems level and advocates for children birth to three years of age and their families with or at-risk for a developmental disability. The Council acts in three major roles:
(1) ADVISOR: Providing advice to the Lead Agency, Governor and the state legislature on issues related to the development of a coordinated system of early intervention services for children with or at-risk for a developmental disability and their families.
The federal law defines the Council membership and the program in order to give it a unique view of the "service systems".
The parent component of the Council gives it a perspective which may be different from that presented by state agencies which are represented on the Council.
The Council can use its special vantage point to be recognized as a source of information for the Lead Agency, Governor, and legislators, as well as other key decision makers in the state.
(2) NEGOTIATOR: Working as an advocate to encourage a particular course of action by the state.
A major activity of the Council is to "review and comment on the annual state plan for services for children birth to three years" as part of its overall responsibility to assess the service system as it exists in the state. This information as well as interagency coordination is another important goal of the program and puts the Council in a position to be effective in making changes in how services are provided in the state. With agency and provider representatives on the Council, communication can more easily be effected and gaps between agencies can hopefully be bridged.
(3) CAPACITY BUILDER: Enhancing the ability of the overall service system to address service needs.
In this role, the Council works to increase the quality and quantity of desired supports and services from the public and private sectors, to ensure that all needy children and families will be provided early intervention services.


Article
Poisson approximation for random sums of Bernoulli random variables
Department of Mathematics, Royal Institute of Technology, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
Statistics [?] Probability Letters (Impact Factor: 0.6). 02/1991; 11(2):161-165. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7152(91)90135-E
ABSTRACT
Bounds for the total variation distance between the distribution of the sum of a random number of Bernoulli summands and an appropriate Poisson distribution are given. The results can be used to derive limit theorems with rates of convergence for marked and thinned point processes. Some examples are given.
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The UAE healthy future study: a pilot for a prospective cohort study of 20,000 United Arab Emirates nationals
Source of Publication
BMC public health
BACKGROUND: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is faced with a rapidly increasing burden of non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The UAE Healthy Future study is a prospective cohort designed to identify associations between risk factors and these diseases amongst Emiratis. The study will enroll 20,000 UAE nationals aged ≥18 years. Environmental and genetic risk factors will be characterized and participants will be followed for future disease events. As this was the first time a prospective cohort study was being planned in the UAE, a pilot study was conducted in 2015 with the primary aim of establishing the feasibility of conducting the study. Other objectives were to evaluate the implementation of the main study protocols, and to build adequate capacity to conduct advanced clinical laboratory analyses.METHODS: Seven hundred sixty nine UAE nationals aged ≥18 years were invited to participate voluntarily in the pilot study. Participants signed an informed consent, completed a detailed questionnaire, provided random blood, urine, and mouthwash samples and were assessed for a series of clinical measures. All specimens were transported to the New York University Abu Dhabi laboratories where samples were processed and analyzed for routine chemistry and hematology. Plasma, serum, and a small whole blood sample for DNA extraction were aliquoted and stored at -80 °C for future analyses.RESULTS: Overall, 517 Emirati men and women agreed to participate (68% response rate). Of the total participants, 495 (95.0%), 430 (82.2%), and 492 (94.4%), completed the questionnaire, physical measurements, and provided biological samples, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of recruitment and completion of the study protocols for the first large-scale cohort study designed to identify emerging risk factors for the major non-communicable diseases in the region.
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First Page
Publication Date


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Medical Murray offers Power Injection testing to measure catheter flow rates and pressures. We use the same Power Injector equipment used in hospitals, and it is capable of measuring pressure rates up to 1,200 psi and flow rates up to 40 mL/sec.
Power Injection testing can simulate flow rates and pressures to determine specifications or to ensure that a device will not fail when fluid is injected. Power injectable devices may include angiographic catheters, peripheral IV catheters, PICCs, chest ports, central lines, and select dialysis catheters.
Testing Process & Services
After attaching the device to the Power Injector, a constant flow of the test fluid is injected and the resultant pressure is measured. Common test fluids include contrast or a mixture of water and glycerin to mimic the viscosity of the fluids to be used in the clinic.
The burst pressure and location can be determined by measuring the maximum pressure that the device can withstand during injection. Flow rates are then measured at the rate typical for clinical use. Maximum flow rate is recorded prior to device burst, or at the maximum pressure put out by the Power Injector.


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The witching hour. Just saying it out loud can send shivers down your spine. Waking up in the middle of the night is the last thing you want (seriously, can you even remember the days of pulling all-nighters?), but at 3 a.m., this inconvenience can become downright spooky. If you've ever felt a hint of the paranormal in the middle of the night, you may have experienced the witching hour. Keep reading for a full understanding of the witching hour and what can happen during the dead of night — if you dare.
What Is the Witching Hour?
According to folklore, the witching hour is a specific time of night when paranormal activity is most likely to occur. That's because the veil between the living and the dead becomes thinner during this time. Ghosts and spirits can travel more easily between the two worlds, and the living become more aware of their presence here on Earth. If you wake up during the witching hour, you won't turn into Haley Joel Osment à la "The Sixth Sense" — but you may have a stronger sense of the supernatural.
When Is the Witching Hour?
The exact time of the witching hour depends on who you ask. Today, it's most commonly believed to occur from 3 a.m. to 4 a.m., in the darkest part of the night. This time has roots in religious beliefs, at least somewhat. Christians believe Jesus was crucified at 3 p.m. Since the devil is the inversion of Christ, 3 a.m. became known as the peak time of demonic activity. The number three can also be a mockery of the Holy Trinity, which may have led to the belief that 3 a.m. is the devil's hour.
Of course, the devil and witchcraft have nothing to do with one another. But people believed witches became more powerful at night, particularly at midnight. Others believed witches were active throughout the night, from sunset to sunrise. Over time, the 3 a.m. hour became known as the witching hour, probably because it coincided with other beliefs about supernatural activity.
What Happens During the Witching Hour?
Again, folklore is mixed about what happens during the witching hour. You've probably heard some of the superstitions, such as if you look in the mirror, you may see a ghost in the reflection. Those theories come from the belief that ghosts and spirits can pass more freely between the two worlds during the witching hour. That's also why mediums can communicate more easily with spirits during this time. For the same reason, paranormal investigators often conduct their research during the witching hour since there's a better chance to capture some supernatural activity.
Witching Hour Rituals
Let's be real: Unless you're a thrill-seeker, you probably don't want to wake up in the middle of the night with your heart pounding, scared to go to the bathroom in case you encounter a ghost on the way. But if you constantly wake up only to discover it's 3 a.m. again, here are some rituals you can do to calm down. Let the spirits do their thing, and you can sleep peacefully.
Create a Sleep Ritual
Technically, you do this before falling asleep, but it's still good advice. Create a sleep ritual to set yourself up for a good night's rest, minus the ghosts and demons. Turn down the thermostat or use a fan to cool your room to an ideal sleeping temperature. Set out some of your favorite crystals. Find ways to relax before bedtime, such as lighting a candle or diffusing essential oils. Do this same ritual nightly to prepare your body for sleep.
Wear a Sleep Mask
If you wake up during the witching hour, the problem may be light interfering with your sleep. Use a sleep mask to block the natural light from your windows or other sources. Of course, make sure you keep your bedroom dark. Hang blackout curtains or shades, so car headlights or an early sunrise don't wake you up.
Use a White Noise Machine
Block out the things that go bump in the night with a white noise machine. Sounds such as ocean waves and thunderstorms can help you fall asleep — and stay asleep. You can even download apps to play white noise from your phone.
Listen to a Podcast
The next time you find yourself awake during the witching hour, put on a podcast to calm your nerves and relax into a blissful sleep. Just search for "sleep podcasts," and you'll find tons of options. A podcast can give you something to focus on besides the ghost lurking in the corner. Kidding!
Is the Witching Hour Real?
So, here's the million-dollar question: Is the witching hour real? Like all things associated with the paranormal, it's difficult to prove, but it's certainly not impossible. The idea has become ingrained in modern-day culture, making it a popular reference in everything from horror movies to the scary stories you tell around a campfire. Some people swear they feel the presence of spirits in the middle of the night, while skeptics have doubts. And if you're a parent, the term "witching hour" may have a totally different meaning to you!
We can't tell you whether the witching hour is real or not. Honestly, that's something only you can determine for yourself. But you have to admit that there's a lot we don't know about the paranormal realm. So, the next time you wake up at 3 a.m., just know that the tingly feeling you have may not be a coincidence.
Get the Answers You're Looking For
What do you think about the witching hour? Whether you're a believer or a skeptic, you can benefit from talking it over with an intuitive Psychic Advisor. At PathForward, our Psychics specialize in providing insightful, accurate readings to answer all your questions. You can trust us to tell you the truth, whether you're wondering about the supernatural or seeking advice about how to live your best life. Don't be scared — give us a try today.


Transurethral Prostatectomy TURP
Transurethral Prostatectomy TURP
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Surgery Videos
Transurethral resection of the prostate (also known as TURP, plural TURPs and as a transurethral prostatic resection TUPR) is a urological operation. It is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). As the name indicates, it is performed by visualising the prostate through the urethra and removing tissue by electrocautery or sharp dissection. This is considered the most effective treatment for BPH. This procedure is done with spinal or general anesthetic. A large triple lumen catheter is inserted through the urethra to irrigate and drain the bladder after the surgical procedure is complete. Outcome is considered excellent for 80-90% of BPH patients. Because of bleeding risks associated with the surgery, TURP is not considered safe for many patients with cardiac problems. As with all invasive procedures, the patient should first discuss medications they are taking with their doctor, most especially blood thinners or anticoagulants, such as warfarin (Coumadin), or aspirin. These may need to be discontinued prior to surgery. Postop complications include bleeding (most common), clotting and hyponatremia (due to bladder irrigation).
Additionally, transurethral resection of the prostate is associated with low but important morbidity and mortality.
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METHOD: Love Analysis
Method acting training submerges in the subconscious mind finding the information necessary to create a character. Drawing true emotion from past experiences, feelings and senses to convey truth. Derived from Stanislavsky's system, a psychophysical approach, and fixed with Strasberg's adaptation, a psychological approach. The actor completes emotional identification during his character building work.
The love element depicted in METHOD short film, tells the story of impossible love. Both subjects Eva and Daniel are deeply submerged in the process of creating their character. They painfully self inflict instability, in order to reflect the truth of their role. Using experiences, feelings and emotions. They allow no limits, dangerously putting their physical and mental health at risk. Eventually loosing their selves to Method work. Whether they would be together or not in real life, the characters they build pursue opposite and conflicting objectives.
In the film within the film the character, Danny is obsessed with a woman who he wants to marry. This woman, Susie, the character, wants to break the relationship. Danny's motives are self -serving and obscure. While Susie's insecurities make her feel undeserving of his love and claustrophobic to his obsession. Meanwhile the actors Eva and Daniel, have fallen in love. But their love cannot be fulfilled not only because of the opposing character objective but more so the experiences, feelings and emotions they are relying on to build their characters blossom coming to the surface creating a barrier between them.


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Effect of Different Mulching Measure on Growth,Development, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco
|School||Hunan Agricultural University|
|Keywords||flue-curd tobacco mulching cultivation technology growth yield andquality|
Plastic film mulching with straw mulch can reduce membrane in soil temperature, to overcome the single plastic film mulching and straw mulching soil temperature high temperature lower malpractice, conducive to the improvement of root zone soil environment, maintain and improve the vitality of root system, improve the quality of tobacco leaves.Plastic film and straw covering of soil and water conservation effect is better, can create a good water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other aspects of the superiority of ecological environment of soil.So, hand to relieve drought conditions in tobacco plant required water pressure, increase water use efficiency, conservation of water resources, on the other hand the flue-cured tobacco internal quality more coordination, improve tobacco industry usability, increasing economic benefit.This paper selected the current farmers often use several different covering methods, discusses this in several ways on flue-cured tobacco growth, soil temperature and moisture content of tobacco leaves, the main economic characters and main chemical composition of tobacco effects, to choose a kind of economical and practical method and improved soil. By using the routine method of cultivation, plastic film mulching, the rosette stage uncovering film, cover the rosette stage and straw, straw mulching plastic cover rear cover of the rosette stage Jie membrane fertilizer, straw mulch cover rear cover the whole growth period of the tectorial membrane in five ways:field experiment showed that straw mulch cover film after the rosette stage uncovering film covering treatment effect is best, can significantly improve the water content, yield and output value of the average than controls were increased15.4Kg/mu,312.72yuan/mu, tobacco leaf appearance and intrinsic quality is improved; plastic film mulching rosette stage uncovering film times; cover straw rosette stage and third; cover rear cover mulching straw in whole growth period of the tectorial membrane the worst; the conventional cultivation performance only to cover rear cover mulching straw in whole growth period of the tectorial membrane in treatment of.


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A small bicycle manufacturer has daily fixed costs of $1800 and each bicycle costs $90 to manufacture. What is the function of the cost to manufacture x bicycles C(x). Graph C(x). What is the manufacturing cost of 14 bicycles and how many can be made with $3780.
1 Answer | Add Yours
The fixed cost of manufacturing the bicycles is equal to $1800. The variable cost of manufacturing one bicycle is $90.
The cost of manufacuring bicycles as a function a function C(x) of the number of bicycles manufactured is C(x) = 1800 + 90*x
The graph of the cost function C(x) = 1800 + 90*x is:
The cost of building 14 bicycles in a day is 1800+90*14 = $3060
The number of cycles that can be built with $3780 is x = (3780-1800)/90 = 22
We've answered 318,915 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question


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The XIXI voice activated digital audio recorder comes packed with advanced features from sound activated recording to digital encryption technology allowing you to clearly record audio and store it safely in one compact and discrete device.
Breakthrough Design with Increased Recording Time
The built-in high-capacity lithium battery and AI intelligent power management system reduces recording power consumption, allowing about 500 hours of recording time to suit all of your needs.
Intelligent Control Buttons
One-click recording prevents operational errors with an independent recording button and sound activated recording button to avoid cumbersome operations.
Exceptional Sound Quality
384KBPS recording, clear and natural, reduces distortion, strong explosive power, and can finely process weak sounds and meet your sound quality requirements.
Large Memory Expansion
Supports 128G memory expansion so you don't have to worry about running out of memory.
Sound Activated Recording
Independent sound-activated recording allows recording to start if the sound is greater than 30 decibels and stop if it is less than 30 decibels, helping you save power and memory.
Long Distance Recording
Stereo pickup technology according to the environment gives it the ability to record sounds from a distance of about 60 meters. As long as the human ear can hear the sound, the recorder can record.
Digital encryption technology makes your files safe and prevents theft.
- 1x Voice Recorder
- 1x Data Cable
- 1x Earphone
- 1x Manual


SAT Sneak Attack
Two students take the SAT. One uses a brain, a pencil and scratch paper. The other
uses all of these, plus a dictionary, math assistant, concierge and advisor. Who wins?
Today's high school students feel the pressure to succeed on standardized tests like
no other generation. In this short ebook journalist Peter Wayner uncovers how a group
of elite students use tools that are allowed by the College Board, and by repurposing
them, get close to that elusive perfect score.
Playing completely by the rules, you'll be surprised at how easily students beat the SAT
at its own game, making the playing field unlevel. Many wonder how relevant the SATs
are in the age of super-cramming and endless tutoring sessions, and this book will add
fuel to that argument. SAT Sneak Attack reveals the exam's open secret and is a mustread for those who want to know how clever computer hacks beat the test.
The official website is here.
To Buy:
List price: $7.00
Price: $4.00
Weight: 3 oz
Dimensions: 9 in × 5 in × 0.25 in
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Saxon Arch
Saxon archThe Saxon Arch is believed to be the oldest surviving within the City. It stands in the west end of the nave, a reminder of the foundation of the church in the second half of the 7th century.
Roman tiles are set into the arch which is without a keystone and is large for the period, suggesting a larger church building on this site.
The full extent of the arch was revealed in 1940, when the bomb blast which destroyed the medieval church blew down the wall which was covering it. Saxon artefacts, including the base and part of the top of a wheelhead cross fell out of the nave pillars, and can now be seen in the Undercroft Museum.
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Mobile computer application for promoting physical activity.
Siobhan McMahon, Mithra Vankipuram, Julie Fleury
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
Abstract
Despite evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of falls and other causes of disability and death, the majority of older adults do not engage in physical activity on a regular basis. Mobile technology applications have emerged as potential resources for promoting physical activity behavior. This article describes features of a new application, Ready∼Steady, highlighting approaches used in its design and development, and implications for clinical practice. Iterative processes enabled the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of the application consistent with the wellness motivation theory, as well as established user-specific strategies and theoretical design principles. Implications in terms of potential benefits and constraints are discussed. Integrating technology that promotes health and wellness in the form of mobile computer applications is a promising adjunct to nursing practice.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)15-20
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Gerontological Nursing
Volume39
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2013
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Gerontology
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Mobile computer application for promoting physical activity.'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Background and objective: A prospective study was performed to compare argon laser iridotomy and sequential argon laser and Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in dark irides.
Patients and methods: Twenty-four eyes of 17 patients underwent laser iridotomies; 13 underwent argon laser iridotomies and 11 underwent sequential argon laser and Nd:YAG laser iridotomies. The argon laser settings were standardized at 1.2 W, 50-mum spot size, and 0.1-second duration. The Nd:YAG laser was set at 2.5 mJ and single-pulse shots were used.
Results: All of the iridotomies were patent at the end of one treatment session. The mean total energy used for argon laser iridotomy was 8.28 J. For sequential iridotomy, 3.12 J was used for the argon laser stage and 7.5 mJ for the Nd:YAG laser stage.
Conclusion: The total argon laser energy used can be reduced by 2.65 times by using the sequential laser iridotomy technique.


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The National Trust for Historic Preservation defines heritage tourism as the act of, "traveling to experience the places and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past and present."
Heritage-based tourism contains two benefits:
Heritage Tourism Plans
Heritage tourism plans are useful to the development, management, and promotion for historic communities. Planning for heritage tourism is a service the Center for HIstoric Preservation offers to communities throughout the Midwest and is an important tool in utilizing historic resources to promote community pride and sustainability. A good heritage tourism plan serves both the residents of the community as well as the tourist the community is trying to attract. Benefits of heritage tourism plans are positive local economic impacts, diversification of economies, job creation and new businesses. Successful preservation efforts also evolve from heritage tourism development as communities begin to realize their historic value and importance, and take pride in their heritage and culture.
Walking & Driving Tour Brochures
Hand-in-hand with heritage tourism plans, walking and driving tour brochures are important tools for tourists visiting historic communities. The center has worked on many brochures and is well versed in how to best use communities' resources.
Communication through the internet is becoming an increasingly effective method of informing the public at large. At the Center for Historic Preservation, we understand the importance of keeping in step with technological advances in our promotion efforts. Podcasts are a great and effective way of informing target groups about historic resources and community heritage.
Copyright © 2013 Ball State University 2000 W. University Ave. Muncie, IN 47306
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The conflict and resolution in the fable 'the fox and the grapes' - Conflict Essay Example
The conflict and resolution in the fable 'the fox and the grapes'
Aesop's fable, "The Fox and the Grapes" is a about a fox who finds a bunch of grapes hanging from a vine and attempts to reach the grapes. In the end, the fox is unable to acquire the grapes and gives up saying that…
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THE CONFLICT AND RESOLUTION IN THE FABLE
'THE FOX AND THE GRAPES'
Aesop's fable, "The Fox and the Grapes" is a about a fox who finds a bunch of grapes hanging from a vine and attempts to reach the grapes. In the end, the fox is unable to acquire the grapes and gives up saying that the grapes are sour.
There are three levels of conflict in this fable and the first occurs within the fox itself. The thirst of the fox is the initial conflict that disturbs the established order within the creature.
It is because of this thirst that, instead of walking on along its carefree way, the fox decides to stop and take a chance at getting the grapes. The reason why the 'thirst factor' is described as an internal conflict is because this particular phenomenon happens to the fox itself. It is an event that causes a shift in the otherwise passive characterization of the fox. This first conflict is what makes the fox stop in its tracks and attempt to acquire the grapes which "had been trained over a lofty branch." (Æsop, 600 BC).
Then, upon seeing this bunch of grapes hanging from a branch, another conflict is introduced which we could call the external/environmental/circumstantial conflict – the grapes being out of the fox's reach. While the grapes could easily be located in an area that is within the reach of the fox, this is not the case, hence, we may consider this particular detail in the fable a conflict in itself. This particular detail in the fable serves to disturb the normalcy of the tale by the circumstance surrounding the object of desire, which is the bunch of grapes; and could therefore be considered a conflict.
(your family name) 3
With these two elements of the story combined, we are then introduced to a third and final conflict which is a result of the internal conflict occurring within the fox and the external conflict that is seen in the environment. This third and final conflict may be referred to as the consequential conflict which is another conflict that results from the other conflicts that were initially introduced. This third conflict is characterized by the efforts of the fox to reach for the bunch of grapes, and is clear in the passage, "Drawing back a few paces, he took a run and a jump, and just missed the bunch. Turning round again with a One, Two, Three, he jumped up, but with no greater success. Again and again he tried…" (Æsop, 600 BC) This particular conflict is now between the fox and the bunch of grapes, but is a result of the two minor initial conflicts of the fox's thirst and the grapes being located beyond the fox's reach. Conflicts in stories can be seen in various elements of the tale, as is with any other tale. Sometimes the conflict can only be in the major character, the circumstances surrounding a particular event, the setting, or a combination of all of these.
Finally, in the end, the fox "at last had to give it up, and walked away with his nose in the air" (Æsop, 600 BC). This now is the story's resolution. The resolution of the story is referred to as the consequential result of all the events that took place in the story. This usually follows the 'cause and effect' principle; hence, the thirst of the fox made him attempt to acquire a bunch of grapes that were beyond his reach; all these elements led to one thing – the fox's giving up its attempt to acquire the grapes and walk away saying that the "grapes are sour". (Æsop, 600 BC). The story resolution is therefore the final action of the fox, which is to stop yearning for the grapes and just simply dismiss the item and walk away. The story is thus resolved.
(your family name) 4
Æsop. Fables, retold by Joseph Jacobs. Vol. XVII, Part 1. The Harvard Classics. New York: P.F.
Collier & Son, 1909–14; Bartleby.com, 2001. _URL_ [Date of