Difference between revisions of "SMILA/Documentation/TikaPipelet"
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(Example)
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|''exportAsHtml''||Boolean||runtime||no||Flag that specifies if the output should be in HTML format (true) or not (false). Plain text output (false) is default.

|''exportAsHtml''||Boolean||runtime||no||Flag that specifies if the output should be in HTML format (true) or not (false). Plain text output (false) is default.

|-

|-
|''pageBreak''||Boolean||runtime||no||Flag that specifies if pageBreaks should be used to split the content into multiple output records (true) or not (false). This parameter is only interpreted if exportAsHtml is ''true'' Default is (false).
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|''pageBreak''||Boolean||runtime||no||Flag that specifies if pageBreaks should be used to split the content into multiple output records (true) or not (false). This parameter is only interpreted if exportAsHtml is ''false''. Default is (false).

|-

|-

|''keepHyphens''||Boolean||runtime||no||If set to "false", hyphens are removed from words at line breaks so that the separated syllables are contracted to one word ("charac-<newline>teristics" gets "characteristics"). If set to "true", this dehyphenation is disabled. Default is (false).

|''keepHyphens''||Boolean||runtime||no||If set to "false", hyphens are removed from words at line breaks so that the separated syllables are contracted to one word ("charac-<newline>teristics" gets "characteristics"). If set to "true", this dehyphenation is disabled. Default is (false).

|-

|-

|-

|-
|''maxLength''||Long||runtime||no||The maximum number of characters to extract. If a document contains more characters than specified all remaining characters are omitted. To get all available characters just omit this Parameter. This may lead to OutOfMemory Exceptions with big documents. Default is -1 (unlimited)
+
|''maxLength''||Long||runtime||no||The maximum number of characters to extract. If a document contains more characters than specified all remaining characters are omitted. To get all available characters just omit this Parameter. This may lead to OutOfMemory Exceptions with big documents. Default is -1 (unlimited).

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!Property!!Type!!Read Type!!Required!!Description

!Property!!Type!!Read Type!!Required!!Description

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|-
|''metadataName''||String||runtime||yes||The name of the metadata property
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|''metadataName''||String||runtime||yes||The name of the metadata property. This will be matched with the extracted metadata property names in a case-insensitive manner.

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|''targetAttribute''||String||runtime||yes||The name of Record attribute to store metadata value(s) in
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|''targetAttribute''||String||runtime||no||The name of Record attribute to store metadata value(s) in. If not set the string provided in the ''metadataName'' will be used as attribute name.

|-

|-

|''singleResult''||Boolean||runtime||no|| Flag that specifies if only the first value (if multiple values exists) is used in the result (true) or if all values are used (false). Default is false.

|''singleResult''||Boolean||runtime||no|| Flag that specifies if only the first value (if multiple values exists) is used in the result (true) or if all values are used (false). Default is false.
Revision as of 05:37, 10 January 2013
This pipelet is not yet available in our repository. We are currently in the process of creating CQs for required third party components and hopefully get permission to use it in our project.
Contents
Bundle: org.eclipse.smila.tika
Description
The TikaPipelet converts various document formats (such as PDF, Microsoft Office formats, OpenOffice formats, etc.) to plain text using Tika technology: A binary attachment content can thus be converted to plain text and stored in an attribute. In addition to that, metadata properties of the document (like title, author, etc) can be extracted and written to record attibutes. To improve the Tika parsing process it is possible to optionally pass the content-type and filename of the document stored in other Record attributes via parameters contentTypeAttribute and fileNameAttribute.
The TikaPipelet supports the configurable error handling as described in SMILA/Development_Guidelines/How_to_write_a_Pipelet#Implementation. When used in jobmanager workflows, records causing errors are dropped.
Supported document types
By default, SMILA contains only a subset of Tika that supports the conversion of:
 - plain text documents
 - HTML/XML documents
 - RTF documents
 - Microsoft Office documents
 - OpenOffice documents (OpenDocument formats)
See below on hints how to add Tika extractors for further formats
Configuration
Property Type Read Type Required Description
inputType String : ATTACHMENT, ATTRIBUTE runtime yes selects if the input is found in an attachment or attribute of the record. Usually it doesn't make sense to use "ATTRIBUTE" here because the documents to convert are binary content.
outputType String : ATTACHMENT, ATTRIBUTE runtime yes selects if output should be stored in an attachment or attribute of the record
inputName String runtime yes name of input attachment or path to input attribute (process a String literal of attribute)
outputName String runtime yes name of output attachment or path to output attribute for plain text (store result as String literal of attribute)
extractProperties String runtime no Specifies which metadata properties reported by Tika for the document should be written to which record attribute. See below for details.
contentTypeAttribute String runtime no Parameter referencing the attribute that contains the content-type of the document. If specified the content-type is used to better guide the Tika parsing process.
fileNameAttribute String runtime no Parameter referencing the attribute that contains the name of the file that was the source of the attachment content. If specified the filename is used to better guide the Tika parsing process.
exportAsHtml Boolean runtime no Flag that specifies if the output should be in HTML format (true) or not (false). Plain text output (false) is default.
pageBreak Boolean runtime no Flag that specifies if pageBreaks should be used to split the content into multiple output records (true) or not (false). This parameter is only interpreted if exportAsHtml is false. Default is (false).
keepHyphens Boolean runtime no If set to "false", hyphens are removed from words at line breaks so that the separated syllables are contracted to one word ("charac-<newline>teristics" gets "characteristics"). If set to "true", this dehyphenation is disabled. Default is (false).
maxLength Long runtime no The maximum number of characters to extract. If a document contains more characters than specified all remaining characters are omitted. To get all available characters just omit this Parameter. This may lead to OutOfMemory Exceptions with big documents. Default is -1 (unlimited).
Configuring the Property Mapping
In addition to the plain text content, Tika can extract metadata properties from documents like title, author, publisher, dates of publication etc, ... The names of these properties depend very much on the documents and what is actually extracted. Some well known names like Dublin Core (dc, dcterms) are used. For a complete list please refer to the Tika documentation. To check with your documents you can download Tika and use the Tika Application to see all extracted metadata.
To store such metadata properties in SMILA records, you must specify the names of the properties you want to store in the extractProperties parameter. Usually this parameter contains a sequence of maps. The map values have the following format:
Property Type Read Type Required Description
metadataName String runtime yes The name of the metadata property. This will be matched with the extracted metadata property names in a case-insensitive manner.
targetAttribute String runtime no The name of Record attribute to store metadata value(s) in. If not set the string provided in the metadataName will be used as attribute name.
singleResult Boolean runtime no Flag that specifies if only the first value (if multiple values exists) is used


text:
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVE: measurement of plastic brain changes induced by a novel rehabilitative approach is a key requirement for validating its biological rationale linking the potential therapeutic gains to the changes in brain physiology. Objective. Based on an emerging notion linking cortical plastic changes to EEG sleep slow-wave activity (SWA) regulation, we aimed to assess the acute plastic changes induced by an imitation-based speech therapy in individuals with aphasia by comparing sleep SWA changes before and after therapy.
METHODS: A total of 13 left-hemispheric stroke patients underwent language assessment with the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) before and after 2 consecutive high-density (hd) EEG sleep recordings interleaved by a daytime session of imitation-based speech therapy (Intensive Mouth Imitation and Talking for Aphasia Therapeutic Effects [IMITATE]). This protocol is thought to stimulate bilateral connections between the inferior parietal lobule and the ventral premotor areas.
RESULTS: A single exposure to IMITATE resulted in increases in local EEG SWA during subsequent sleep over the same regions predicted by the therapeutic rationale, particularly over the right hemisphere (unaffected by the lesion). Furthermore, changes in SWA over the left-precentral areas predicted changes in WAB repetition scores in our group, supporting the role of perilesional areas in predicting positive functional responses.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that SWA changes occurring in brain areas activated during imitation-based aphasia therapy may reflect the acute plastic changes induced by this intervention. Further testing will be needed to evaluate SWA as a non-invasive assessment of changes induced by the therapy and as a predictor of positive long-term clinical outcome.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Caralelis a free app for Android devices that allow you to connect multiple devices simultaneously to capture. This app creates a camera network on the host device and other devices can join that network via a QR code. Once connected, the camera is opened on all connected devices and the host can make the recording on all devices simultaneously. The output can be saved as separate images or as an animated GIF made from all camera angles.
Capturing multiple camera angles with Caralel is a simple and clear process. If you are using a network-based file sharing app (for example, ShareIt, Zapya, MiDrop, etc.), you may see the process roughly the same. Just like all those apps, you must first connect all devices and you can place and record all devices from the host device. Once captured, this app takes the camera input from all connected devices and copies them to the host device, where you can save all entries as separate images or edit them to create a GIF. Here are the steps involved in the process.
Connecting smartphones
 Connecting Android phones to capture multiple angles
To use Caralel on multiple devices, open the app on all devices. This app shows a host and a join button on the home page. Click the Host button on one device and Close the button on the rest. If you do this, you will receive a QR code on the host device. Scan that QR code on other devices to connect them to the host device.
Capture
 connects Android phones to capture at the same time
Once the connection is established, this app shows all connected devices on the host device along with a chat and a camera button. With the chat button, you can send an SMS to all connected devices. And the camera button starts the camera on all devices. From there, the host can switch between front and rear cameras and capture the display of all connected devices simultaneously. Upon recording, all devices send their photos to the host device.
Output
 capture multiple angles by connecting Android phones
After receiving the photos from the connected devices, the host device offers two options; one to store files individually and another to create an animated GIF. If you choose the animated GIF option, it shows you all photos with some editing options. These options include rotate, mirror, copy, delete, and change order. With these options, you can make the desired changes to the images, generate an animated GIF with them and save them on your device.
Grab this Caralel app from the Play Store.


Welcome to aclforisrael.com
Presidential Campaign
During the 2016 Presidential Campaign, American Christian Leaders for Israel (ACLI) submitted a letter to each of the presidential candidates highlighting the chief principles deemed necessary to maintain the valuable friendship between Israel and the USA. Some 650 Christian leaders signed this letter demonstrating to the candidates that together we represent many millions of Christians in the United States who recognize the mutual benefit to both nations of a close strategic partnership with Israel.
The vast majority of the American people support Israel, and we felt it was our responsibility to make sure that the next President of the United States reflects the will of people and stands in friendship with the nation and people of Israel.
 1. Implement the Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995 and relocate the US Embassy in Israel to its capital city of Jerusalem.
 2. Renew and strengthen the US's Memorandum of Understanding to fund Israel's growing security needs.
 3. Combat any efforts at the local, state, or federal level to boycott, divest from, or sanction Israel.
 4. Monitor Iran's ongoing violations of sanctions and to toughen current sanctions as well as impose new ones as necessary.
 5. Oppose any imposed solutions to the Palestinian conflict on Israel by outside parties, including the United Nations Security Council.
Israel, an island of hope and freedom, lives in an increasingly stormy sea of despair and terror. Now more than ever, we must speak in a unified voice to our future leaders to ensure a strong stance with our Israeli friends.
View the letter to the presidential candidates


How to create and enforce employee termination procedures
In this Ask the Expert Q&A, Shon Harris, our security management expert, reviews how the the security group, HR and management should work together to define and enforce employee termination policies, and reviews what should be done during each stage of employment.
The following are specific strategies for building a structure for dealing with employees even before they are hired.
Step 1: Before employment begins
Perform background checks on all personnel prior to hiring them. The degree of this should depend on the employee's position and the level of access to company resources the individual will have. For example, someone applying for an entry-level position at a paper mill will not require the same level of background check as someone applying for a position with the Secret Service. However, if the individual were applying for a position within the paper mill that has access to funds or other sensitive materials, a more thorough check would be in order.
Due to the sensitive nature of background checks, it's wise to consult with legal counsel, before conducting one, regardless of the intended depth. This can help you determine if there are any state/federal legal restrictions and obligations you must abide by, and help avoid any legal troubles.
Step 2: Hiring and orientation
The hiring and orientation process is your first direct chance to stress security's importance within the organization and to equip employees with proper security awareness training, as well as their position's security requirements. Your organization should require that new employees sign a non-disclosure agreement, promising to protect sensitive and confidential data. During the security awareness training, employees should also sign a document stating they have read and understand the company's security policies and the ramifications for non-compliance. These signed documents will protect the company in a legal capacity, if it needs to suspend, terminate or prosecute an employee for their actions.
Establishing a level of expectation from the beginning makes it easier to maintain during the course of their employment. The management team and supervisors should also work together to understand and enforce the messages the employees are exposed to during orientation.
Step 3: Employment
Security training doesn't end with orientation. It's an ongoing process that should continually evolve to meet the needs of the organization. Security requirements will change from one organization to another and, depending upon the security needs of the environment, some practices may be more appropriate than others. For instance, repeated background checks may be necessary to determine if an employee has become a security risk. Once again, if this were necessary, to avoid serious legal repercussions, having legal counsel present would be in your company's best interest. Also, if any actions are taken as a result of information gleaned from an investigation, it should be cleared with an attorney.
Throughout the duration of employment, every employee should have a supervisor who understands that they are not only responsible for this person's performance, but also for this person's lack of compliance. Therefore, supervisors must be aware of the expectations of their staff, follow up and ensure expectations are met, be told if an employee contributes to an incident and know how to deal with incidents properly. When dealing with governance and compliance, it is of utmost importance that senior and mid-level management understand these topics even more so than the employees, because they'll be the enforcers.
Step 4: After the employee termination
When an employee leaves, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, there is always a degree of risk involved. Therefore, it is vital that the process be as fluid as possible. Holding an exit interview reduces this risk as it is a good time to remind employees that they are legally bound to comply with the organization's security policies, as dictated by the non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements they signed. Additionally, it is important to retrieve physical items like keys and keycards, disable accounts, and deactivate the employee's access to areas and services that were once privilege. This will prevent them from remotely accessing services and information they should not be.
The team responsible for your organization's security polices should take these steps into account, because the greatest vulnerability can be the people that work for the organization. However, it's important to remember that while the security team helps create the policies and procedures for suspending a user's access, they should not be the ones to make the decision.
Unfortunately, employee termination is inevitable. To minimize the risks that a termination can create, it's important to plan accordingly for this situation. With that said, use this checklist, which highlights key factors to consider when developing employee termination procedures:
 - Always have at least one other individual present when informing any employee of their termination. For instance, have a meeting with the employee, their supervisor and a human resource manager. Do not fire them in a public manner -- that can be embarrassing and draw further attention to the situation.
 - Deactivate access to the network and vital services that the employee once had.
 - Retrieve all physical access devices such as IDs, keys and smart cards.
 - An exit interview should always be performed.
 - The employee must return any equipment that is the property of the organization, including any off-site devices.
 - Notify HR prior to terminating an employee, so they can prepare final paychecks (including vacation pay) and the exit interview. Also, discuss employee benefits (health insurance, stock options, retirement, life insurance, etc.) with human resources, so the proper steps are taken to either transfer or cease these benefits with the employee's knowledge and understanding.
 - Return any personal property from to the employee's work space. Inspect and examine any media or documentation that may contain confidential or proprietary data and information that is the legal property of the organization.
The most important thing to remember about a termination procedure is that without it, an organization may find security gaps and other security vulnerabilities that someone, the disgruntled employee per say, can take advantage of. While organizations don't like to terminate their employees, with the proper procedures they should be able to handle this unfortunate scenario.
This was first published in April 2006
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text:
Bluetooth Registry Entries
This section describes the class-of-device (CoD) registry subkeys and entries that apply to the Bluetooth driver stack.
"COD Major" and "COD Type" Values
Original equipment manufacturer (OEMs) can use the COD Major and COD Type values to indicate the Class of Device for a Bluetooth-enabled Windows device. After the Bluetooth class installer sets the Class of Device based on these registry values, a remote device can determine whether it is connecting to a portable computer, a desktop computer, a phone, and so on.
The registry path to the COD Major and COD Type values is:
Note that setting these values changes the Bluetooth Class of Device for the system, regardless of which Bluetooth radio may be attached. You can set the COD Major and COD Type to
DWORD values as defined for the Class of Device field values in the Bluetooth SIG Assigned Numbers.
The Bluetooth profile driver, BthPort.sys, reads the COD Major and COD Type values to determine how it should respond to a device inquiry. These values affect only the
COD_XXX_MINOR_XXX bits of the Class of Device. The
COD_SERVICE_XXX bits are not affected by this registry entry.
If the COD Major and COD Type values are not set or are set to invalid values, the Bluetooth class installer will set these values to
Scanning Parameterization Settings
Profile drivers can specify scanning parameters settings for their device(s) in their profile driver's INF file to tailor to the specific needs of a given device scenario.
You can override the default system scanning parameters by providing one or more of the following scanning parameters listed below into the AddReg directive. More information on how to use this directive can be found on MSDN.
|Value Name||Type||Min Value||Max Value|
|HighDutyCycleScanWindow||DWORD 0x10001||0x0004||0x4000. Shall be equal or smaller than the HighDutyCycleScanInterval parameter|
|LowDutyCycleScanWindow||DWORD 0x10001||0x0004||0x4000. Shall be smaller than the LowDutyCycleScanInterval parameter|
|ConnectionIntervalMin||DWORD 0x10001||0x0006||0x0C80. Shall be smaller or equal to ConnectionIntervalMax|
Note Changes to scanning parameters make a global impact on the performance of the Bluetooth stack. Making changes to scanning parameters programmatically is not permitted. Using Low Duty Cycle scanning parameters that are too aggressive can not only have a negative impact to the available bandwidth for other Bluetooth Low Energy connections, but also for Bluetooth BR/EDR connections.


Patching packages
From ArchWiki
(Redirected from Patch)
This article covers how to create and how to apply patches to packages in the Arch build system (ABS).
A patch describes a set of line changes for one or multiple files. Patches are typically used to automate the changing of source code.
Creating patches
Note: If you only need to change one or two lines, you might want to use sed instead.
The diff tool compares files line by line. If you save its output you have a patch, e.g. diff --unified --recursive --text foo bar > foobar.patch. If you pass directories diff will compare the files they contain.
 1. Delete the src directory if you have already built the package.
 2. Run makepkg --nobuild which will download and extract the source files, specified in PKGBUILD, but not build them. If the system you are making the patch on does not have the required dependencies, you may have to run makepkg --nobuild --nodeps instead.
 3. Create two copies of the extracted directory in the src directory, one as a pristine copy and one for your altered version. We will call them package.orig and package.new.
 4. Make your changes in the package.new directory.
 5. Run diff --unified --recursive --text package.orig package.new --color and check if the patch looks good.
 6. Run diff --unified --recursive --text package.orig package.new > package.patch to create the patch.
 7. Change into the initial package.orig directory from which you made copies and apply the patch using patch --strip=1 < ../package.patch. Verify that the patch is working by building and installing the modified package with makepkg --noextract --install.
Note: You can also create patches with Git using git diff or git format-patch [1].
See diff(1) and git-diff(1) for more info.
Tip: Most git hosting platforms (such as GitHub or GitLab) allow to generate patches for a specific commit or a specific merge/pull request by appending .patch to their URL.
Applying patches
This section outlines how to apply patches you created or downloaded from the Internet from within a PKGBUILD's prepare() function. Follow these steps:
 1. Add an entry to the source array of the PKGBUILD for the patch file, separated from the original source url by a space. If the file is available online, you can provide the full URL and it will automatically be downloaded and placed in the src directory. If it is a patch you created yourself, or is otherwise not available, you should place the patch file in the same directory as the PKGBUILD file, and just add the name of the file to the source array so that it is copied into the src directory. If you redistribute the PKGBUILD, you should, of course, include the patch with the PKGBUILD.
 2. Then use makepkg -g >> PKGBUILD or updpkgsums (from pacman-contrib) to update the sha512sums array. Or manually add an entry to the sha512sums array; you can generate the sum of your patch using sha512sum tool.
 3. Create the prepare() function in the PKGBUILD if one is not already present.
 4. The first step is to change into the directory that needs to be patched (in the prepare() function, not on your terminal! You want to automate the process of applying the patch). You can do this with something like cd "$srcdir/$pkgname-$pkgver". $pkgname-$pkgver is often the name of a directory created by untarring a downloaded source file, but not in all cases.
 5. Now you simply need to apply the patch from within this directory. This is very simply done by adding patch --strip=1 --input=pkgname.patch to your prepare() function, changing pkgname.patch to the name of the file containing the diff (the file that was automatically copied into your src directory because it was in the source array of the PKGBUILD file).
An example prepare-function:
prepare() {
 cd "$pkgname-$pkgver"
 patch --forward --strip=1 --input="${srcdir}/eject.patch"
}
Alternatively, you can use the --directory flag of patch without having to cd first. The example above would then become:
prepare() {
 patch --directory="$pkgname-$pkgver" --forward --strip=1 --input="${srcdir}/eject.patch"
}
Run makepkg (from the terminal now). If all goes well, the patch will be automatically applied, and your new package will contain whatever changes were included in the patch. If not, you may have to experiment with the --strip option of patch. While experimenting, you might find --dry-run, --reverse or --verbose options usable. Read patch(1) for more information.
Basically it works as follows. If the diff file was created to apply patches to files in myversion/, the diff files will be applied to myversion/file. You are running it from within the yourversion/ directory (because you would cd into that directory in the PKGBUILD), so when patch applies the file, you want it to apply it to the file file, taking off the myversion/ part. --strip=1 does this, by removing one directory from the path. However, if the developer patched in myfiles/myversion, you need to remove two directories, so you use --strip=2.
If you do not apply a --strip option, it will take off all directory structure. This is OK if all the files are in the base directory, but if the patch was created on myversion/ and one of the edited files was myversion/src/file, and you run the patch without a --strip option from within yourversion, it will try to patch a file named yourversion/file.
Most developers create patches from the parent directory of the directory that is being patched, so --strip=1 will usually be right.
Using quilt
A simpler way to create patches is using quilt which provides better support for managing many patches, such as applying patches, refreshing patches, and reverting patched files to original state. quilt is used on Debian to manage their patches. See Using Quilt for basic information about basic quilt usage to generate, apply patches, and reverting patched files.
See also


Category: Kid's Arts and Crafts
How to Make a Spool Snowman Ornament Tutorial
This festive, frosty the snowman ornament is the perfect snowy day project! Kids will love painting and gluing the pieces together to create an ornament of their own.
Difficulty level: Beginner
Time to complete: 15 minutes
Age range: 12 and up
Things you'll need:
Large spool
Small spool
Narrow ribbon
Black, white and orange paint
Hot glue and glue sticks
Bells (small and large)
Sealer spray
Paint brush
Things to do:
1. Paint your large spool white and small spool black. Let the paint dry.
2. Paint the top edge of the large spool black.
3. Paint an orange nose, black eyes, and black coal pieces for a mouth on the white spool.
4. Spray with sealer.
5. Use hot glue to attach the small spool on top of the large spool.
6. Cut a 12″ piece of ribbon and thread it through a small bell. Glue it to the top of the black spool.
7. Glue a large bell to the bottom of the white spool, covering the hole.
8. Tie a ribbon scarf around the neck of the snowman.
Continue Reading
How to Make Popsicle Stick Car Ornaments
Looking for the perfect snow day activity for kids? These popsicle stick ornaments are simple and a whole lot of fun to make! Give the kids different colored popsicle sticks or pieces to decorate the car and make it all their own.
Difficulty level: Beginner
Time to complete: 15 minutes
Age range: 8 and up
Things you'll need:
Colored popsicle sticks
Black buttons
Green pipe cleaners
Hot glue gun and glue sticks
Tacky glue
Glitter paper
Cinnamon sticks
Bakers twine
Things to do:
 1. Hot glue a button to the end of two popsicle sticks. These will be the wheels of your car.
 2. Next, create the sides of your car by hot gluing two popsicle sticks horizontally on either side of the wheel bases.
 3. Using wire cutters or strong scissors, shorten the vertical popsicle (car sides) sticks.
 4. Measure the distance between the sides of your car and cut a popsicle stick to fit in the middle. Use hot glue to attach it.
 5. Trace the shape of the center of your car onto a piece of glitter paper. Cut out the shape and glue it inside.
 6. Break off a cinnamon stick to measure roughly the size of the roof of your car.
 7. Wrap pipe cleaner around the stick in a spiral, getting bigger towards one end to create a Christmas tree. Use glue to hold the ends of the pipe cleaner in place.
 8. Glue the tree to the top of the car.
 9. Cut a 6-inch piece of twine and tie the ends together, creating a loop. Glue the loop to the car to create a hanger for your ornament.
Continue Reading
Change Your Country


Somersault of Paramecium in extremely confined environments
Saikat Jana, Aja Eddins, Corrie Spoon, Sunghwan Jung
 Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
 13 Citations (Scopus)
 5 Downloads (Pure)
 Abstract
 We investigate various swimming modes of Paramecium in geometric confinements and a non-swimming self-bending behavior like a somersault, which is quite different from the previously reported behaviors. We observe that Paramecia execute directional sinusoidal trajectories in thick fluid films, whereas Paramecia meander around a localized region and execute frequent turns due to collisions with adjacent walls in thin fluid films. When Paramecia are further constrained in rectangular channels narrower than the length of the cell body, a fraction of meandering Paramecia buckle their body by pushing on the channel walls. The bucking (self-bending) of the cell body allows the Paramecium to reorient its anterior end and explore a completely new direction in extremely confined spaces. Using force deflection method, we quantify the Young's modulus of the cell and estimate the swimming and bending powers exerted by Paramecium. The analysis shows that Paramecia can utilize a fraction of its swimming power to execute the self-bending maneuver within the confined channel and no extra power may be required for this new kind of self-bending behavior. This investigation sheds light on how micro-organisms can use the flexibility of the body to actively navigate within confined spaces.
 Original languageEnglish
 Number of pages9
 JournalScientific Reports
 Volume5
 DOIs
 Publication statusPublished (in print/issue) - 19 Aug 2015
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 Dive into the research topics of 'Somersault of Paramecium in extremely confined environments'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
Water: Beach Grants
Appendix 4E1: Training
This appendix provides supplemental discussions, examples, and additional references that may be helpful to beach program managers. It does not create additional requirements beyond those in the main guidance document.
Training volunteers to do their jobs properly is an essential component of a successful monitoring program. Training is a dynamic process and does not simply begin and end with a kickoff classroom session. For example, follow-up training should occur to resolve specific operating problems discovered in an ongoing program. Even experienced staff benefit from occasional continuing education sessions, which help everyone stay in touch with the program and foster the ideal of team effort.
According to USEPA (1991), training should be planned from three basic perspectives:
- Training new staff
- Training experienced staff (teaching the use of new equipment or improved methods)
- Solving specific operating problems
Each of the three training perspectives should include the presentation of unique material. The training processes involved in presenting this material, however, are similar and consist of the following components:
- Creating a Job Analysis
- Planning the Training
- Presenting the Training
- Evaluating the Training
- Providing Follow-up Coaching, Motivation, and Feedback
Additional sections include:
1. Creating a Job Analysis
The job analysis phase can be the hardest but most important part of training development. The outcome of the job analysis is a list of all the tasks staff should accomplish when sampling a parameter. The tasks should be identified to ensure that procedures are performed consistently throughout the program. This list should include a list of sampling tasks, the required quality level for each task, the job elements that compose each task, and a sampling protocol (standard operating procedure) or job description handout that will be referred to and followed by staff members each time they collect water samples or perform laboratory analyses.
2. Planning the Training
Once the job analysis has been completed and the job description prepared, the actual training session should be planned. Training might take place in a group setting or individually. Group training saves money and time, especially when many staff are trained simultaneously. For extensive water sampling efforts throughout a county, however, this approach has drawbacks. Each beach has unique characteristics, and certain circumstances or problems can be addressed only on an individual basis. In practice, it is often best to structure the training program so that there are group sessions as well as individual follow-up sessions.
The training should stress the importance of samples being representative of the waterbody from which they are taken, including the theory behind indicator organisms and quality samples, QA/QC activities and following the protocols specified in SOPs and the monitoring program plan. Ensuring that staff understand how to carry out the protocols to meet those requirements is the primary concern. Training to collect water samples, for example, should also include how to plan sampling activities, how to make field notes describing the sampling site and station, and how to perform on-site inspections. The safety aspects of field sampling and laboratory analysis are an important component as well.
3. Presenting the Training
A well-organized, well-paced training session is essential to facilitate understanding and motivate staff. The lesson planning phase provides the trainer with the basic agenda for the session. The trainer, however, is responsible for adapting the lesson to the expectations, knowledge, and experience of the audience. The person presenting the training should know the material and should be organized. Lectures, activities, and discussions should be planned and kept to a timetable. Similarly, demonstration materials, audiovisual equipment, and handouts should be accessible and easily incorporated into the presentation. The trainer should be able to anticipate and respond to problems and questions that might occur during an actual training session. A relaxed presentation that fulfills the education objectives is the basic goal. Although trainers will bring their own styles to the training session, they should incorporate basic public speaking techniques, such as establishing rapport with the audience, enunciating clearly and distinctly, using effective body language and eye contact, and encouraging questions and comments.
Whether in the classroom or in the field, staff should be allowed to demonstrate what they have learned. The trainer should observe closely and offer immediate feedback in the form of positive reinforcement or corrective assistance. This portion of the session is usually when the real learning takes place. During the review portion of the training session, the trainer should summarize what was learned and the staff have an opportunity to ask questions. The session should close with the reassurance that staff will continue to receive training throughout their tenure with the monitoring program.
4. Evaluating the Training
Training evaluation should encompass the entire training process. It includes the trainee's perspective, as well as that of the training program designer and trainer, on how effective the session has been. To gain immediate feedback about training, staff should fill out evaluation forms at the end of the session. Volunteer Beach Monitoring Programs Across the Nation.
Alabama Coastal Foundation volunteers data are used for trend research by the Alabama Department of Environmental Management, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, and Mobile Bay National Estuary Program.
Alabama Water Watch is a statewide citizen volunteer water quality monitoring program. More than 50 active groups monitor about 250 sites on 100 waterbodies in 20 to 30 counties in Alabama and Georgia. Six chemical parameters are measured, and several groups are beginning to test for pathogen indicators. The program is coordinated from Auburn University, where the central database is maintained.
The Surfrider Foundation is an environmental organization dedicated to the protection and enhancement of the world's waves and beaches through conservation, research, education, and local activism. The Blue Water Task Force, particularly chapters from Southern California coastal counties, analyzes water samples collected at beaches for bacteria and posts results on the Internet.
The Citizen Stewards Program trains volunteers to assist the Casco Bay Keeper in monitoring the water quality of Casco Bay, Maine. Volunteers gather data at more than 100 selected sites along the 500-mile shoreline, collecting surface water and performing tests monthly from April through October. The data are entered into a comprehensive computer database for management and interpretation. Water column profile data are also collected from the BayKeeper's boat at offshore sites, and water is sampled at closed clam flats to test for bacteria.
The Environmental Quality Laboratory at Coastal Carolina University monitors water and sediment quality in the Waccamaw River and 45 sites from the North Carolina state line to Bucksports, South Carolina, using EPA-approved methods. Monthly physical, chemical, and biological analyses are performed, and occasional measurements of nutrients and heavy metals are taken. Results are interpreted using in situ instantaneous U.S. Geological Survey data on water stage and flow. The sampling plan is designed to identify nonpoint pollution sources. Results are shared with South Carolina's Department of Health and Environmental Control.
The Salt Pond Watchers currently monitor fecal coliform bacteria levels in approximately 30 stations in seven coastal salt ponds on Rhode Island's Atlantic coast. Data are provided to the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management and local communities to help determine areas unsuitable for fishing and swimming.
In Maine the Clean Water/Partners in Monitoring program provides coordination, information, support, and technical assistance to groups of volunteers and students who want to monitor their local waters. Active programs include water quality, phytoplankton, and marine intertidal diversity monitoring. Training is also provided to certify volunteers to monitor water quality in shellfish-growing areas.
In Hawaii the Hanalei Heritage River Program uses volunteers from the community help take a "snapshot" of the Hanalei's waters by simultaneous sampling all along the bay, up the river, and in its tributaries. This sampling has identified "hotspots" where bacteria counts far exceed standards. The volunteer program provides these data to the Department of Health, which then conducts its own bacterial sampling. If possible, it is often effective if a 'hands-on' session can be included where trainees can observe staff in action as they collect or process samples. If there are problems or if techniques are not performed according to the desired protocol, trainers might need to apply new methods in subsequent training sessions.
5. Providing Follow-up Coaching, Motivation, and Feedback
As stated previously, training should be conducted throughout the life of the monitoring program. Follow-up coaching is an integral part of the training process. Coaching usually occurs on a one-on-one basis to maintain communication between team members, resolve problems, instill motivation, and implement new or improved techniques. The key to follow-up coaching is personal contact to increase staff satisfaction. That personal contact should be maintained throughout the life of the program.
6. Volunteer Monitoring Programs
EPA acknowledges that citizen volunteers often can be used to perform some beach monitoring program functions. Using volunteers to collect water samples and transport them to a laboratory for analysis is one way to save on program monitoring costs and, at the same time, establish a partnership with local citizens. Some citizen monitoring programs also perform water quality analyses, and a few determine bacterial indicator levels. Program planning officials, however, need to be aware that establishing a volunteer monitoring program requires a commitment of time and resources to ensure that volunteers are properly trained and managed and that data quality objectives are met. Officials should not view citizen volunteers as unpaid adjunct staff. Typically, their motivation to participate in a monitoring program is not based on a desire to help reduce agency costs; rather, they donate their time and energy to serve as guardians and stewards of their local waters. This recognition should be considered in every aspect of the volunteer monitoring program development process.
The EPA document Volunteer Water Monitoring: A Guide for State Managers (USEPA, 1990) lists seven "basic ingredients" for developing a successful volunteer program:
- Develop and articulate a clear purpose for the use of the data.
- Produce "data of known quality" that meet the stated data quality objectives.
- Be aware that volunteer monitoring is cost-effective, but not free.
- Thoroughly train and retrain volunteers.
- Give

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Real reasons for tension lost in rush to judgment
"The issues in Logan are those many migrant or ethnic youth face: clashing values, clashing behavioural expectations, limited resources and unclear or even dubious role models." Photo: Courtesy of Channel Nine
'Mobs tearing up Logan. Did any of them do a day's work today, or was it business as usual and welfare on tap?'' the Coalition's indigenous health spokesman, Andrew Laming, tweeted in response to recent violence in Logan, Queensland, between Aboriginal and Pacific Islander groups.
Clearly both groups face discrimination, yet we know comparatively little about Pacific Islanders as a marginalised minority group in Australia. As police were called in to broker peace talks between the two Logan families - the Briggs and the Palaus - it's important to ask why the fight broke out in the first place.
Violence is always a complex issue, but where Pacific Islander youths are involved there are several observations that might help us understand.
It needs to be stressed that those involved are a small minority. But the Logan violence is not an isolated incident. In 2011 there were riots in Mount Druitt in which Pacific Islander youths fought each other outside the local Westfield shopping centre. One aspect of the riots was the involvement of youth gangs. While ''Mounty Country'' was mostly Tongans from the Mount Druitt area, ''G40'' was a group of mainly Samoans. However, it was not interpreted by those involved as ethnic violence.
So what lies behind violence involving Pacific Island youth in places such as Logan and Mount Druitt? Every Pacific Island culture is different. There are some general characteristics, though, that some of the time might help explain some of the violence.
First is work. Although Laming pointed to unemployment in Logan, in fact sometimes the opposite is an issue. First-generation Pacific Islanders come to Australia to better themselves, their families here and their families back home. But they often end up in low-paying or unskilled employment, often involving shift work. In other words, they work very hard for very little.
Another issue is supervision. Although the first (and sometimes subsequent) generation of parents works hard, the kids get less parental supervision, and often the supervision they do get is from elder siblings. This means they lack parental role models in their everyday life. In Pacific cultures, you typically don't speak back to elders. So, these youths have very limited scope to express their frustration - and anger builds.
The next problem is education. First generation parents put a very high value on education. Their children are meant to be shy and respect elders. Talking to teachers, let alone questioning them, is difficult. At the same time, at home if they adopt Australian ways of interacting with their Pacific Island elders, they are sternly rebuked. On the other hand, if they don't succeed at school, they also face heavy stricture from their parents. They get in trouble whatever they do.
Recent changes in immigration laws have made many Pacific Islanders ineligible for HECS. Even if they do well in school, they are unlikely to pursue a university degree due to the additional financial pressures this involves. Hence, many feel stuck and unable to break the circle of unskilled employment and parental expectations.
Then there is the pressure to support the family, sending money to relatives in the Pacific Islands, or other parts of Australia and the world - known as remittances. There is significant social pressure to do this. Also, a lot of money is funnelled to churches as Pacific Islanders are generally very religious. Consequently, even if the parents are working hard and earning money, their immediate family in Australia may not enjoy the benefits of this. Because so much of their earnings needs to be distributed to family and church, working is actually not as financially rewarding as it might appear. It's almost like they are at the top tax rate but are only earning minimum wage.
Then there is the complexity of belonging. As a result of these work and educational issues, self-esteem problems often arise. Young people look for alternative communities where they can find acceptance and more freedom.
Last is locality. Most of these youths live in outer suburbs in our cities, areas of low income where many ethnic minorities reside. This has the effect of grouping them and the difficulties they face.
The issues in Logan are those many migrant or ethnic youth face: clashing values, clashing behavioural expectations, limited resources, and unclear or even dubious role models. These are just a few of the underlying issues that need to be taken into account before judgments about the violence in Logan or Mount Druitt are made.
Elisabeth Betz is a doctoral candidate in anthropology at La Trobe University.


How to Protect Your Property and Personal Space Using Crystals
Spirituality is a powerful term encompassing a way of thinking about, feeling, and living in the world. Essential to spiritual life is mindful thinking and experiencing the many different aspects of human existence and conscious interaction with others and our environment. With a spiritual view of life, we can see the divine in the mundane, the miraculous in each and every day, the extraordinary in the ordinary. One of the most important ways to think spiritually involves a broader and deeper understanding of energy than "gas makes my car go" or "electricity powers the lights in my house".
We are part of a matrix of energy that is becoming more attuned at this time in human consciousness to different expressions of energy through various kinds of objects in our daily lives. As with so many other tools, like the explosion of tarot/oracle decks available, crystals and gemstones have become tools people from all walks of life now purchase with a serious interest in the energy vibrations of these natural substances emit. This article will talk about how to use them to grid your property and protect thresholds in your home.
The Energy of the Earth
Crystals and gemstones all emit a frequency of energy based on their molecular design. This energy can be enhanced by encasing them in metals, cutting them into special shapes, and combining them in certain ways with other crystals, gems, and stones. Perhaps one of the best series for crystals is Judy Hall's three volumes of the Crystal Bible, which can be purchased as a bundle on Amazon.
There is no shortage of books on the meaning, use, and mineralogy of crystals, gems, and stones. Suffice to say, for purposes of this article, that specific crystals, gems, or stones for certain purposes can best be researched through a reference text or websites).
Protecting Your Property and Personal Space
Crystals, especially quartz, which is common, inexpensive, and quite powerful can be used to protect property and personal space. Quartz is one of the best crystals to use and it can range in clarity from milky white to smokey to perfectly clear. Amethyst is also a fantastic crystal for protecting and energizing your living space and property. These crystals naturally enhance positive energy and protect against negative energy.
Outdoor Spaces
If you happen to own a home on a piece of land, one of the best ways to help your property energetically is to place a grid around the property. A grid can be formed in one of two ways. Ideally, you want to place fairly sizable chunks of the crystal you choose, somewhere between a cantaloupe and watermelon, in a sightline around the home.
So, if you are standing at one crystal, you can see the other two that would form the square grid that will be at 90 degrees from the crystal you are standing by. Having the sightline will allow the energy of the crystals to "connect". You want to complete the circuit so that you can see and walk to each crystal without any impediments.
Unfortunately, for most of western society, especially in the United States, building homes is not done with spiritual principles in mind, which would take into account the positioning of the home in relation to the four directions (NSEW). Again, ideally, it would be great if you could put the four crystals at the four directions in a sightline. If you cannot, you can create a grid within a grid by placing an additional four crystals at the four directions points outside the home.
If you cannot create a sightline with just the four main crystals, you can use smaller crystals along the line to act as "junction boxes" to repeat the signal to the main corner crystals, like what transformers do along electrical lines from a power station to different locations in neighborhoods and suburbs.
Indoor Spaces
You can use the grid formation indoors as well, by placing crystals at the corners of rooms. I highly recommend having the crystals form a grid in the public spaces of your house. More importantly, it is wise to place crystals on each side of a threshold so that when people enter your home, yourself included, the energy between the crystals will help clear and cleanse any negative energy before it enters your home or a part of your house.
Anywhere you have an opening, door or window, you can place crystals on either side to filter the energy coming through, even the sunlight. For indoor spaces, I recommend the clearest forms of the crystal you can find or specially carved versions of the crystals, such as pyramids, squares, or balls. Uniformity of the crystals, as well as quality, helps with the energy function and intention in smaller spaces.
The Benefits of Crystal Grids and Threshold Protection
Our personal spaces, whether we own property or rent it, need to be our sanctuaries. Too often we move through the world with being mindful of our personal space as something we need to intentionally maintain and protect energetically. When people come to visit or we have been out in the world, we pick up all kinds of energy and bring it home with us, and quite a bit of it can be negative or draining.
Think of stepping onto your property with a grid on it and into your house (crossing the main threshold with crystals flanking each side) like getting energetically "washed" as you pass into the energy grid and through the threshold. Basically, you are creating an energetic filtering system much in the same way you might use a filter for the water coming from your tap.
One of the best ways to experiment with crystal types, and the grid idea, is to place different crystals in a grid pattern under or around your bed and see how you sleep each night with different types of crystals. Amethyst is one that works particularly well for me. Using crystals intentionally is a great way to make your personal space feel safe and re-energizing.
Philip Young, PhD
Related Articles


text:
Introduction to Price, Utah
Price was originally a part of the Sanpete County. It was organized on 14 July, 1892. At that time, it was a part of the Emery County. The first settlers of the city arrived in October 1877. It was named after William Price, the Latter Day Saint Bishop who explored the area in 1869. The first railroad entered the area in 1883. The city is the county seat of Carbon County, which was founded in 1894.
Price and nearby Attractions
- College of Eastern Utah Prehistoric Museum
- Scofield State Park
- Cleveland - Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry
- Manti - La Sal National Forest
- Western Mining and Railroad Museum
- Huntington State Park
Things To Do In Price
Price offers a wide variety of opportunities for recreation. The College of Eastern Utah Prehistoric Museum and Cleveland - Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry provide absorbing insights into the history of this area. The Huntington State Park and Scofield State Park are less than half an hour's drive away. In addition, Price hosts the Carbon County Fair & Rodeo in the month of August, and the Nine Mile Canyon Fall Gathering in the month of September.
Salt Lake City International Airport is the nearest international Airport.
Price Higher Education
College of Eastern Utah is the local higher education institution. Others in the neighborhood include Snow College, Brigham Young University, and Utah Valley State College.


Why do I need an MRCP scan?
0
33
 1. MRI and MRCP scans are common tests to help diagnosed bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma).
 2. It can show up a tumour in the bile ducts and other problems such as infection or inflammation.
Thus, What is the cost of MRCP test? MRCP Test cost ranges from Rs 3000 to Rs 8000 in India. It is a non-invasive and painless MRI scan which uses magnetic imaging for the scan. The total scan takes about 30-40 minutes.
Additionally How long does it take to get MRCP results? Examination results are published on the website through candidates' My MRCP(UK) accounts 4 weeks after the examination. Candidates will also receive an email containing their results letter on the date of results release.
How do I prepare for a MRCP scan? Preparing for Your Abdominal MRI With MRCP At scheduling, you will be given your arrival time: you do not need to come before that time. Please have nothing to eat or drink for 8 hours prior to the start time of your exam. Sips of water with medication are OK.
Can you drive after MRCP? That's why it's important that you have someone come with you to the test so they can drive you home safely. There are not usually any special instructions to follow after an MRCP, and the test itself does not cause side effects.
When do you take MRCP?
make their first attempt at the Part 1 Examination within 12 to 24 months of graduation. make their first attempt at the Part 2 Written Examination within 36 months of graduation. delay their first attempt at the Part 2 Clinical Examination, PACES, until 36 months after graduating.
Can MRCP detect gallstones?
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): MRCP is an MRI exam that produces detailed images of the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas and pancreatic duct. It identifies gallstones and can show gallbladder or bile duct inflammation or blockage.
How do I prepare for MRCP?
Preparing for Your Abdominal MRI With MRCP
 1. Please have nothing to eat or drink for 8 hours prior to the start time of your exam.
 2. Sips of water with medication are OK.
How much does MRCP cost?
MRCP Test cost ranges from Rs 3000 to Rs 8000 in India. It is a non-invasive and painless MRI scan which uses magnetic imaging for the scan. The total scan takes about 30-40 minutes.
What comes after MRCP?
Career Opportunities After MRCP Become a medicine specialist. Become an assistant professor. Pursue a super-specialization. Become an internal medicine specialist.
Why do I need a MRCP scan?
MRI and MRCP scans are common tests to help diagnosed bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). It can show up a tumour in the bile ducts and other problems such as infection or inflammation.
Is CT or MRI better for pancreas?
Results. CT showed a diagnostic accuracy of 83.3%, with sensitivity and specificity of 81.4% and 43% respectively. MRI showed superior diagnostic accuracy compared to CT (89,1%). However, EUS demonstrated the best diagnostic value in PC (accuracy of 92,7%).
Do you need to fast for MRCP?
Please have nothing to eat or drink for 8 hours prior to the start time of your exam. Sips of water with medication are OK.
Does MRCP show liver cirrhosis?
Background and aims: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is often used for imaging of the biliary tree and is required by surgeons before liver transplantation. Advanced liver cirrhosis and ascites in patients however present diagnostic problems for MRCP.
Can pancreatic tumor be seen on a CT scan?
Computed tomography (CT) scan The CT scan makes detailed cross-sectional images of your body. CT scans are often used to diagnose pancreatic cancer because they can show the pancreas fairly clearly. They can also help show if cancer has spread to organs near the pancreas, as well as to lymph nodes and distant organs.
Can pancreatitis be missed on a CT scan?
Severe acute pancreatitis This usually becomes evident a few days after the onset of symptoms, and can therefore be missed if the patient is imaged too early [5]. Areas of non-enhancement, especially when >3 cm or >30% of the pancreatic volume, are considered a reliable CT sign for necrosis.
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Is it true that 26" rim actual diameter is 25.625"? How does tire size affect wheel diameter? Is there any special formula to calculate wheel diameter?
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3 Answers 3
up vote 5 down vote accepted
You could calculate the effective diameter by measuring rollout and dividing that number by pi. To measure the rollout start with your valve stem in the lowest possible position and make a mark on the floor next to the valve stem. Ride the bike one revolution until the valve stem is at the bottom of it's rotation again and make another mark on the floor. Measure the distance between the two marks to find the effective circumference.
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Way to provide the physical/math answer and satisfy my math jones (see bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/1549/…) – Gary.Ray May 3 '11 at 19:50
This is actually the only accurate way to know. There are too many variables to allow you to read numbers off the tyre and get an accurate answer. _USER_ Baranczak's link to Sheldon Brown is a good discussion of the issue. – Мסž May 4 '11 at 2:11
_USER_.Ray, that link goes to a question about calculating power output and doesn't reference tyre diameter at all. – Мסž May 4 '11 at 2:13
_USER_ - my link is to another "math" problem related to cycling - I upvoted Russ for providing both the precise method, and the proper formumla. – Gary.Ray May 4 '11 at 14:46
I wanted a pure mathematical way to calculate a wheel diameter, but it seems an appropriate way to do this. Thanks. – zetdotpi May 4 '11 at 23:20
Your wheel diameter can vary depending on:
 - tire model you are using
 - tire wear
 - air pressure
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I wouldn't trust any formula, since the actual outside diameter can be affected by so many things, and since the advertised tire width isn't always accurate. If you want the diameter, do like Russ said and measure it yourself. You might also be interested in what Sheldon Brown had to say on this subject.
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Summary: In theory 26" was the diameter of the wheel with tyre installed and correctly inflated. That used to be how the sizing worked. So a 26" x 1" tyre needed a different rim size than a 26" x 1 1/2" tyre. The larger tyre needs a smaller rim to get the same outside diameter. Obviously this makes it hard to find tyres, so now we use ISO "beat seat diameter", so any 559 tyre will fit any 559 rim (that size is commonly called 26" today), even though it may not fit into your frame and the outside diameter will change with tyre size. – Мסž May 4 '11 at 2:18
Your Answer


text:
Date: 7 July 2023
Time: 1:30 PM ET (New York Time)
Speaker(s): Dr. Kumar Vijay Mishra
Beamforming is a signal processing technique to steer, shape, and focus an electromagnetic wave using an array of sensors toward a desired direction. It has been used in several engineering applications such as radar, sonar, acoustics, astronomy, seismology, medical imaging, and communications. With the advent of multi-antenna technologies in, say, radar and communication, there has been a great interest in designing beamformers by exploiting convex or nonconvex optimization methods. Recently, machine learning is also leveraged for obtaining attractive solutions to more complex beamforming scenarios. This webinar is the outcome of our recently published article in the 75th-anniversary special issue of the IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, wherein we capture the evolution of beamforming in the last twenty-five years from convex-to-nonconvex optimization and optimization-to-learning approaches. It provides a glimpse into these important signal processing algorithms for a variety of transmit-receive architectures, transmission zones, propagation paths, and multi-disciplinary applications.
Note: Joint work with Ahmet M. Elbir (University of Luxembourg), Sergiy A. Vorobyov (Aalto University), and Robert W. Heath, Jr. (North Carolina State University).
Kumar Vijay Mishra (S'08-M'15-SM'18) obtained the Ph.D. in electrical engineering and the M.S. degree in mathematics from The University of Iowa in 2015, and the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from Colorado State University in 2012, while working on NASA's Global Precipitation Mission Ground Validation (GPM-GV) weather radars. He received his B. Tech. summa cum laude (Gold Medal, Honors) in electronics and communication engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur (NITH), India in 2003.
He is currently Senior Fellow at the United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Adelphi; Technical Adviser to Singapore-based automotive radar start-up Hertzwell and Boston-based imaging radar startup Aura Intelligent Systems; and honorary Research Fellow at SnT - Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg. Previously, he had research appointments at Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) Bengaluru; IIHR - Hydroscience & Engineering, Iowa City, IA; Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, Cambridge, MA; Qualcomm, San Jose; and Technion - Israel Institute of Technology.
Dr. Mishra is the Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Communications Society (2023-2024), IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society (AESS) (2023-2024), and IEEE Future Networks Initiative (2022). He is the recipient of the IET Premium Best Paper Prize (2021), U. S. National Academies Harry Diamond Distinguished Fellowship (2018-2021), American Geophysical Union Editors' Citation for Excellence (2019), Royal Meteorological Society Quarterly Journal Editor's Prize (2017), Viterbi Postdoctoral Fellowship (2015, 2016), Lady Davis Postdoctoral Fellowship (2017), DRDO LRDE Scientist of the Year Award (2006), NITH Director's Gold Medal (2003), and NITH Best Student Award (2003). He has received Best Paper Awards at IEEE MLSP 2019 and IEEE ACES Symposium 2019. He is Chair (2023-present) of the Synthetic Apertures Technical Working Group of the IEEE Signal Processing Society (SPS) and Vice-Chair (2021-present) of the IEEE Synthetic Aperture Standards Committee, which is the first SPS standards committee. He is the Vice Chair (2021-2023) and Chair-designate (2023-2026) of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) Commission C. He has been an elected member of three technical committees of IEEE SPS: SPCOM, SAM, and ASPS, and IEEE AESS Radar Systems Panel. Since 2020, he has been Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, where he was awarded Outstanding Editor recognition in 2021. He has been a lead/guest editor of several special issues in journals such as IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, and IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. He is the lead co-editor of three upcoming books on radar: Signal Processing for Joint Radar-Communications (Wiley-IEEE Press), Next-Generation Cognitive Radar Systems (IET Press Radar, Electromagnetics & Signal Processing Technologies Series), and Advances in Weather Radar Volumes 1, 2 & 3 (IET Press Radar, Electromagnetics & Signal Processing Technologies Series). His research interests include radar systems, signal processing, remote sensing, and electromagnetics.


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Praspel and the Realistic Domains
Praspel (PHP Realistic Annotation and Specification Language) is a formal specification language for PHP. It is based on the Design-by-Contract paradigm and uses preconditions, postconditions, invariants etc. Specifications are written in the comments of the PHP code. Praspel is used for manual, automated or automatic software validation and verification.
This language is inspired by JML but the difference is in the way to specify the data. PHP is dynamically and weakly typed. To specify the data, Praspel relies on realistic domains: Structures allowing to validate and generate data, with the ability to compose them to represent more complex data. Realistic domains are implemented in the Hoa\Realdom library.
Data generators
A contract can be used to automatically generate unit tests. A test is constitued of 2 parts: Test data, and an oracle. Test data are crucial since it must reflect "realistic" data as much as possible, and being to generate data at the limits is also very important. Realistic Domains is an answer to this problem by being able to generate integers, reals, strings (based on regular expressions or grammars for instance), arrays (based on a constraint solver) or objects, for the PHP language types. Thus, it is possible to combine these realistic domains to generate more sophisticated data (like dates, object models etc.).
Contract Coverage Criteria
The contract language can be evaluated to validate and verify data manipulated by the program on one hand. On the other hand, we have algorithms able to automatically generate test data from a piece of a contract. In order to ensure whether the contract is correctly covered, we have defined several contract coverage criteria.
Thus, we are able to generate unit test suites satisfying these contract coverage criteria, and thus ensuring that generated unit test suites reflect all the behavior expressed in the contract.
Research papers
This language is the result of several research papers, journals and PhD thesis.
Learn more.
With Composer, to include this library into your dependencies, you need to require hoa/praspel:
$ composer require hoa/praspel '~1.0'
For more installation procedures, please read the Source page.
$ composer install
Then, to run all the test suites:
$ vendor/bin/hoa test:run
For more information, please read the contributor guide.
The hack book of Hoa\Praspel contains detailed information about how to use this library and how it works.
To generate the documentation locally, execute the following commands:
$ composer require --dev hoa/devtools
$ vendor/bin/hoa devtools:documentation --open
More documentation can be found on the project's website:
Getting help
There are mainly two ways to get help:
Related projects
The following projects are using this library:


text:
Ball & Beam: System Modeling
A ball is placed on a beam, see figure below, where it is allowed to roll with 1 degree of freedom along the length of the beam. A lever arm is attached to the beam at one end and a servo gear at the other. As the servo gear turns by an angle, the lever changes the angle of the beam by. When the angle is changed from the horizontal position, gravity causes the ball to roll along the beam. A controller will be designed for this system so that the ball's position can be manipulated.
For this problem, we will assume that the ball rolls without slipping and friction between the beam and ball is negligible. The constants and variables for this example are defined as follows:
(m) mass of the ball 0.11 kg
(R) radius of the ball 0.015 m
(d) lever arm offset 0.03 m
(g) gravitational acceleration 9.8 m/s^2
(L) length of the beam 1.0 m
(J) ball's moment of inertia 9.99e-6 kg.m^2
(r) ball position coordinate
(alpha) beam angle coordinate
(theta) servo gear angle
- Settling time < 3 seconds
- Overshoot < 5%
The second derivative of the input angle actually affects the second derivative of. However, we will ignore this contribution. The Lagrangian equation of motion for the ball is then given by the following:
Linearization of this equation about the beam angle,, gives us the following linear approximation of the system:
The equation which relates the beam angle to the angle of the gear can be approximated as linear by the equation below:
Substituting this into the previous equation, we get:
1. Transfer Function
Taking the Laplace transform of the equation above, the following equation is found:
Rearranging we find the transfer function from the gear angle () to the ball position ().
It should be noted that the above plant transfer function is a double integrator. As such it is marginally stable and will provide a challenging control problem.
The transfer function can be implemented in MATLAB as follows:
m = 0.111; R = 0.015; g = -9.8; L = 1.0; d = 0.03; J = 9.99e-6; s = tf('s'); P_ball = -m*g*d/L/(J/R^2+m)/s^2
P_ball = 0.21 ---- s^2 Continuous-time transfer function.
The linearized system equations can also be represented in state-space form. This can be done by selecting the ball's position () and velocity () as the state variable and the gear angle () as the input. The state-space representation is shown below:
However, for our state-space example we will be using a slightly different model. The same equation for the ball still applies but instead of controlling the position through the gear angle,, we will control the torque of the beam. Below is the representation of this system:
Note: For this system the gear and lever arm would not be used, instead a motor at the center of the beam will apply torque to the beam, to control the ball's position.
The state-space equations can be represented in MATLAB with the following commands (these equations are for the torque control model).
H = -m*g/(J/(R^2)+m); A = [0 1 0 0 0 0 H 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0]; B = [0 0 0 1]'; C = [1 0 0 0]; D = ; ball_ss = ss(A,B,C,D)
ball_ss = a = x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 0 1 0 0 x2 0 0 7 0 x3 0 0 0 1 x4 0 0 0 0 b = u1 x1 0 x2 0 x3 0 x4 1 c = x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 1 0 0 0 d = u1 y1 0 Continuous-time state-space model.


text:
The grand case design of the present clock seems more usually to have been reserved for Quare's month clocks. A closely related example (Quare No. 40) was sold, Christie's, London, 13 December 2000, lot 102; another (Quare & Horsman No. 199) sold Christie's, London, 4 June 2009; another (Quare No. 109) is illustrated in Tom Robinson The Longcase Clock, Woodbridge, 1981, (p.214, fig.9/28). Both of these clocks have arched dials with calendar rings; a similarly cased month going Quare with square dial was sold, Christie's, London, 11 December 2002, lot 74.
Daniel Quare (c._PHONE_) was one of the most illustrious clockmakers of England's golden age of horology. He was first admitted as a Brother of the Company 3 April 1671 and became its Master in 1708.
George I offered Quare the post of King's Watchmaker; however, being a Quaker he was unable to swear the necessary Oath of Allegiance. Even so, the King allowed him free access to the Palace at any time. In 1718 Quare took his former apprentice, Stephen Horseman, into partnership and towards the end of his life he retired to Croydon.
Horseman continued Quare's numbering system and continued to sign his work 'Quare and Horseman' even after the former's death in 1724. He proved not to be as good a businessman, however, and was declared bankrupt in 1730.


Wikia
Vim Tips Wiki
 Fix email quotations with long lines
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 Revision as of 02:58, December 4, 2009 by JohnBot (Talk | contribs)
 Tip 273 Printable Monobook Previous Next
 created 2002 · complexity basic · version 5.7
 When using Vim as your editor of choice, even for email processing - as I do - it is often unpleasing how some MUAs quote the email body produced by mailers such as Outlook. The lines often span across multiple visual lines and it's difficult to reply on certain parts of it.
 With Vim, you can quickly fix those quotations to maintain a proper 75 char break. For example, when using Mutt, put this line in your .muttrc, or use a custom .vimrc_mail for it:
 set editor="vim -c 'set fo=tcrq' -c 'set tw=76'"

 For other MUAs this has to be fitted. However, now, when your quoted email is displayed, you can use this Vim sequence to fix it:
 - Move cursor to first line of broken paragraph.
 - Press 'V' and move to the last line of the paragraph you want to fix.
 - Press 'g' and then 'q'. The marked text will wrap around to your specified textwidth (76 in our case) and the quotations will be preserved across the lines.
 Comments
 You can also simply use the { and } paragraph motions in conjunction with gq. For example, move to the top of a paragraph using {, then hit gq} to reformat it.
 Like just about everything else, gq will take any motion command. I find myself stepping through mails and random files with :set tw=72 or whatnot and gqj and J and occasionally inserting stray > characters.
 The comments setting must contain the quoting character (usually '>'). So with
 set comments=s1:/*,mb:*,ex:*/,://,b:#,:%,:XCOMM,n:>,fb:-

 everything works as described.
 See also Brian Medley's email ftplugin that does a very nice job on this issue.
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text:
What is a maquiladora?
Maquiladoras are foreign-owned factories located in Mexico that are typically found along the U.S. - Mexico border. Maquiladoras produce a variety of products including electronic components, chemicals, clothes, machinery, and auto parts.
The maquiladora program began in 1965 as part of the Mexican government's Border Industrialization Program. It was developed in response to the demise of the U.S. government's Bracero Program, which allowed Mexican farmworkers to legally perform seasonal work within the U.S. The end of the Bracero Program caused an unemployment crisis in the border region. The Mexican government responded to this crisis by creating the maquiladora program which provided an incentive to foreign manufacturers to move production to Mexico. This incentive was created by allowing duty free import of raw materials and other supplies into the country with the stipulation that the manufactured goods and the resulting wastes were eventually exported to another country. The passing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1993 led to an increased number of maquiladoras in the border region. In 2003, there were 2,893 maquiladoras employing 1,063,123 people.
The high concentration of maquiladoras combined with less rigorous environmental regulations, limited capacity to enforce environmental laws, and the expense of exporting hazardous waste has created an incentive for illegal dumping and has polluted the surrounding land, water, and air. Inside the maquiladoras, occupational hazards relating to toxic chemical exposure and workplace safety also affect human health. Occupational hazards are of particular concern in Mexico since first-time violators are rarely punished and since penalties are typically incurred only for imminent dangers and failures to address previously highlighted violations.
This description is based on the information found in the Web links listed with this topic.
Web Links from MedlinePlus (National Library of Medicine)
Haz-Map Occupational Health Info (National Library of Medicine)
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (National Library of Medicine)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health home page (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets (New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services)
Traumatic Occupational Injuries (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
Workplace Safety and Health Topics (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
Chemicals in Industry
Are these chemicals in MY Industry?
Bisphenol A (BPA)
Perchloroethylene (PCE, PERC)
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Last Updated: December 10, 2012


text:
Franklin Delano Blenkinsop
Franklin - His first name, forename, or given name. This would once have been his Christian name or baptismal name, but these terms have gone out of fashion in these multi-cultural times.
Delano - His middle name.
Blenkinsop - His surname, family name or last name.
The answer to a question about your name depends on who is asking the question, for example:
When he is making a table reservation: Blenkinsop
When booking an airline ticket: Blenkinsop - Franklin Blenkinsop, or Franklin Blenkinsop
When meeting new colleagues: Franklin Blenkinsop or Franklin
At the gym: Franklin or, perhaps, Frank/Frankie.
However, these are only general ideas. People say different things.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


making psamp export congestion-aware
We haven't had much discussion of PSAMP export on the list. There's a
general requirement from the IETF that new protocols be congestion
aware, using RFC 2914 as a guide. Here are some thoughts on export
requirements for PSAMP, and a proposal for making it congestion-aware
while remaining compatible with PSAMP's goal of ubiquitous support on
network elements. Comments appreciated...
-- Jen
Export of measurement records in PSAMP: In the PSAMP framework, a
device such as a passive monitor or an interface card applies
selection and sampling rules to a stream of packets and generates
measurement records that include a collection of fields for each
packet. The device exports these records for further analysis. For
example, the records generated by the interface card on a router may
be exported to a separate collection server that may reside next to
the router or elsewhere in the network. When the measurement records
traverse the network, they compete for resources with other Internet
transfers. Congestion-aware export is important to ensure that the
measurement records do not overwhelm the capacity of the network or
unduly degrade the performance of other applications.
Unreliable transport: The export of measurement records does not
require reliable export. In fact, retransmission of lost measurement
packets could consume additional network resources and would require
state on the device generating the records. The device would have to
be addressable, able to receive and process acknowledgments, and to
store unacknowledged data. These requirements would be a significant
impediment to having uniform support for measurement on high-speed
interface cards in IP routers. Instead, we propose that PSAMP devices
can support a unreliable export mechanism. Sequence numbers on the
packets or the measurement records within the packet would indicate
when loss has occurred, and the analysis of the measurement data can
account for this loss. In some sense, packet loss becomes just
another form of sampling (albeit a less desirable, and less
controlled, form of sampling).
Changing the sending rate: In congestion-aware transport, there can be
a clear separation between the algorithm that computes the sending
rate and the way the sender adapts to the new sending rate. For
example, a device could conceivably reduce the sending rate by
discarding excess records. This approach may be an appropriate
reaction to transient congestion. Or, the device could operate with a
smaller sampling rate. This may be a more appropriate reaction to
long-term congestion. Or, the device could include fewer fields in
the measurement records to reduce the volume of data that are exported
to the collection machine. In some cases, a collection server may
receive measurement records from more than one device, and could
decide to reduce the export rate at one device rather than the other
(or reduce the rate for one of the filter banks at a device rather
than the other), in order to prioritize the measurement data. This
type of flexibility is valuable for network operators that collect
measurement data from multiple locations to drive multiple applications.
Configuration of the sending rate: The collection server is the
recipient of the traffic from the PSAMP device(s). This server can
detect congestion along the path from the PSAMP device through lost
packets (which manifest themselves as gaps in the sequence numbers, or
the absence of packets for a period of time). The server can run an
appropriate congestion-control algorithm to compute a new sending
rate, and can reconfigure the PSAMP device with the new rate. This is
an attractive alternative to requiring the PSAMP device to receive
acknowledgment packets. The server can reconfigure the sending rate
using an SNMP MIB or a command-line interface. It is already
envisaged having an SNMP accessible MIB for easy reconfiguration of
sampling parameters, so this dovetails well. Implementing the
congestion control algorithm in the collection server has the added
advantages of flexibility in adapting the sending rate and the ability
to incorporate new congestion-control algorithms as they become
available. For the PSAMP standard, it would be mandatory to implement
and such export rate control in both the measurement device and the
collector. There's scope here for reusing existing rate control
algorithms with well understood properties.
Notions of fairness: In some cases, it may be reasonable to allow the
collection server to have flexibility in deciding how aggressively to
respond to congestion. For example, the PSAMP device and the
collection server may have a very small round-trip time relative to
other traffic. Conventional TCP-friendly congestion control would
allocate a very large share of the bandwidth to this traffic.
Instead, the collection server could apply an algorithm that reacts
more aggressively to congestion to give a larger share of the
bandwidth to other traffic (with larger RTTs). In other cases, the
measurement records may require a larger share of the bandwidth than
other flows. For example, consider a link that carries tens of
thousands of flows, including some non TCP-friendly DoS attack
traffic. Restricting the PSAMP traffic to a "fair share" allocation
may be too restrictive, and might limit the collection of the data
necessary to diagnose the DoS attack. In this situation, the
collection server could conceivably have a less aggressive reaction to
congestion (say, dividing the sending rate by 1.5 rather than 2 in the
presence of loss) to claim a larger fraction of the link bandwidth.
The collection server could also employ policies that allocate
bandwidth in certain proportions among streams of measurement records
from different PSAMP devices (or filter banks in a single device).
to unsubscribe send a message to _EMAIL_ with


Pat Martino: Martino Unstrung
By Published: | 40,244 views
Pat MartinoA new documentary film about legendary guitarist Pat Martino, Martino Unstrung, focuses on his brain disease—AVM or arteriovenous malformation—emergency surgery, profound memory loss, and miraculous musical and personal recovery. It also presents intimate portraits of Martino, his music, his wife Ayako Akai, his friends across the decades, his family, and important locales in his life. It is only natural that one would want to know Martino's own reflections on a film which is not only about him but in which he actively participated both on and off screen.
Martino has been a big part of the jazz scene for so many years that it is easy to take for granted that he is one of the greatest jazz guitarists of all time. A virtuoso, his sound and technique on the instrument are impeccable. His musical range extends from deep and rich interpretations of ballads to fast-moving extended runs that are almost impossible to rival—from blues and standards to complex original compositions of his own and others. His mastery of the instrument and consummate teaching ability lead aspirants from around the world to study with him. Martino's understanding of guitar goes well beyond style and technique to include spiritual and theoretical insights.
Early recognized as a master, Martino has been performing and recording since the early 1960s. Unbeknownst to himself, he grew up with an abnormality of blood vessels in the brain called AVM, or arterioevenous malformation. According to medical experts, this condition worsened until, well into his career, he began to have serious mental complications which were improperly diagnosed. In the late 1970s, these symptoms proved to be caused by a brain aneurysm that required emergency surgery. As the now nearly legendary story in jazz circles goes, he woke up from the surgery with total amnesia for past events and persons. He did not even recognize the guitar or his record albums.
From that traumatic point, he gradually recovered his playing ability and resumed his career to where his accomplishments are even greater than before. He won the NARA Heroes Award for that achievement. Recently, the British film director, Ian Knox and his friend in England, neuropsychologist Paul Broks, collaborated with Martino on a film documentary about his memory loss and recovery, including an intimate portrayal of Martino and his wife, Ayako.
Martino Unstrung is one of the best documentaries about a jazz musician. Ian Knox is a terrific director. The film is spellbinding from beginning to end. It offers a moving, intimate portrayal of Martino as a person, a musical icon and someone who had undergone a traumatic loss of memory and made a miraculous recovery. It's a deeply personal testament. The following interview, conducted in person at his home studio, offers Martino's own reflections on the film and its personal meaning to him.
Chapter Index
 1. Agreeing to the Film
 2. Recovering from Surgery
 3. Examination of the Brain
 4. Martino's Life on Film
 5. Friends Les Paul and Joe Pesci
 6. Symptoms of Illness
 7. Healing
 8. Martino's Wife, Ayako Akai
Agreeing to the Film
All About Jazz: You are a high profile musician, and in a sense your music defines you, so what prompted you to participate in a film which is deeply personal and is focused on your memory loss and recovery as such rather than the music? What led you to get involved in such a project?
Pat Martino: That's a really interesting question in that normally what leads me to do anything that takes place prior to its fruition was the very thing that led me to want to interact with Ian Knox when I first saw his presence in the room I was sitting in at Ronnie Scott's in London. I was relaxing between shows, and in walked a very interesting individual whose hado, or aura, attracted attention. We turned and looked at each other, greeted each other's presence, and then sat down and talked. I asked him what he did, and his qualities were very magnetic and exciting. And it moved from there. And the film was no different from that moment.
To me, the outcome is what is left behind compared to the very moments of filming when it's been enjoyed as life itself. So, for me, each and every moment on the film is not what I see on the film, even though it's a replica. It has been captured, very much like a photograph of a loved one in a catalog. There's no life in it to me personally. I'm more interested in the enjoyment of my life, and that's what the film is all about. And that went from moment to moment to moment. Even now it still continues, and I enjoy what I'm doing.
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text:
The Agworld API retrieves collaborative farming solutions for farmers and agronomists. Data available in read-only mode includes farms, fields, seasons, collections, and companies.
Developers can use token as the authentication method and JSON API formats for callbacks. They can implement chemical costs, cropping methods, fertilizer costs, harvested areas, plant spacing, seed costs, and yield price.
Agworld is a farm management platform.
The following is a list of libraries from ProgrammableWeb's Library Directory that matched your search term. Although there many different interpretations of the word "library" among software developers, ProgrammableWeb adheres to a specific definition so as to clearly distinguish libraries from SDKs and frameworks in a way that will facilitate clean search results. In ProgrammableWeb's parlance, the term "library" is strictly used to describe a platform-specific software tool that, when installed, results in the provisioning a specific API. Conversely, SDKs are exclusively for consuming APIs and Frameworks are agnostic to specific APIs. If you think a library, SDK, API, or other asset is missing from our directory, be sure to check our guidelines for making contributions to ProgrammableWeb.


text:
HARLEM — In the early 1900's before the Harlem Renaissance, the third largest Jewish population in the world lived around 125th Street.
"It was a booming place," said Laurie Tobias Cohen, executive director of the Lower East Side Jewish Conservancy. "It represented a step up from the life on the Lower East Side. The buildings were bigger, the buildings were newer, the streets were wider and the opportunity was greater."
At the time there were more than 170,000 Jews and 150 synagogues in Harlem, many of which are now churches.
Historian Martin Shore will lead a walking tour of Harlem's Jewish historical sites on Oct. 11.
"We walk around central Harlem talking about famous Jews that lived in Harlem, where they lived and stories about them, and some of the buildings that were built as synagogues," said Shore, a retired teacher.
In some of the synagogues-turned-churches, like Mount Olivet Baptist Church on 120th Street and Lenox Avenue, the Star of David can still be seen on the façade.
Other notable Harlem churches that were built as synagogues include the Baptist Temple Church on 18 West 116th St., Mount Neboh Baptist Church on 1883 Seventh Ave., and Bethel Way of the Cross Church of Christ on 18 West 118th St.
Some of the famous Jewish residents include composer Richard Rodgers, of Rodgers and Hammerstein, mid-20th Century comedic actress Gertrude Berg, and Academy-award winning "On the Waterfront" screenwriter Budd Schulberg, Shore said.
The city's Jewish population began moving north from the Lower East Side near the turn of the century. Those who could afford it ended up in the Upper East Side but those who could not kept going north.
"They were upper middle class but not wealthy enough to live on Fifth Avenue," Shore said.
When they moved back south in the 1920s, Harlem's Jewish population took their congregations with them. Some of Harlem's historic synagogues are still active in the Upper West Side, Shore said.
The Lower East Side Conservancy hosts the tour. Tickets cost $20 for adults and $18 for students with a $2 discount if you preregister.
Many of the participants are New Yorkers interested in Jewish history. Some are relatives of people who used to live in Harlem.
"Very often I have people in the tour who have personal stories," Shore said. "We'll change the route if they want to visit their grandparents' home."


text:
Using 3D sensors in robotic welding helps factories improve the weld quality and the laborious manual welding operation, which is particularly good for welding in a dangerous work environment with high temperature and fumes.
Revopoint's Areascan series encompasses 5 models of different sizes of industrial 3D camera to capture objects at distances ranging from 50mm to 2m. It is able to scan objects in real-time and generate a color point cloud. It can offer accuracy as high as 0.05mm, enabling it to capture the precise position of 3D points.
Areascan can be installed on robot arms to automatically track weld seam and guide welding. In the picture below, An Areascan30 camera is installed on a robot arm to scan the seam between two 10×25 black metallic plates. The camera scans the whole area of the plates to track the seam precisely.
At the same time, the software displays the 2D RGB image and depth image. The 3D data will be processed on PC to get the XYZ information of the seam.
- Fast scanning and precise 3D data
- Applicable to diverse scenariors
- Reduce labor cost and work-related injury
- Stable tracking and low error rate
Areascan Tracking different kinds of seams


text:
The occurrence of ionospheric irregularities was studied using Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements at Tucumán (26.9° S, 294.6° E; geomag. lat.: −15.5), a station placed near the souther peak of the equatorial anomaly. Radio scintillations at the GPS L1 frequency (1.575 GHz) were monitored using the GPS receiver installed at the mentioned station. The considered measurements were obtained during September 1998 – April 1999 period. The results show that amplitude scintillations frequently occur between 21 and 02 LT. Scintillations are more frequent when the satellites are in the northwest — northeast sector of Tucumán's sky. Strong scintillations were observed in about 40% of the nights.
Ezquer, R. G., Kintner, P. M., Cabrera, M. A., Radicella, S. M., & Forte, B. (2003). Scintillations observed at Tucuman as observed from GPS signals. First results. Advances in Space Research, 31(3), 741-747. _URL_


text:
Like Rain, Snow produces quite high levels of backscatter. But the raindrops and snow flakes have very different shapes, velocities and surface area to mass ratios. More expensive ceilometers may have the ability to discriminate between snow and rain.
A typical LIDAR curtain plot for cloud appears below:
Ref: University of Utah Atmospheric Science
The snow is coming from a cloud at around 500m . The cloud and snow appear to extinguish the returns from higher layers, if any. Some of the snow is light and evaporates before it gets to ground level. ( low level green return )
Work has been done to try to determine snowfall rate from Lidar returns. According to Ed Eloranta of the University of Wisconsin Madison, the technique requires radar and does not require any knowledge of the snowflake shape.