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Radio-Frequency Ablation of Tissues Using
the ADINA-F Joule Heat Capability
The Joule Heat modeling in ADINA-F is used to solve problems where heating of materials occur due to the existence of an electric current. A common application of this feature is the radio-frequency (RF) ablation of tissues. This is an important medical technique used for the therapy of cardiac arrhythmias and lesions in subcortical structures of the brain. The ablation is carried out delivering a RF current (300 kHz to 1 MHz) through an electrode embedded in the treated tissue. The high current density that appears neighboring the electrode tip induces a volumetric heating due to the Joule effect. Therefore, the temperature of the tissue surrounding the electrode increases uniformly from 37 to above 50 degrees Celsius. Moreover, the temperature of the tissue must never exceed 100 °C to avoid charring and tissue micro-explosions.
The animation depicts a detail of a catheter and electrode assembly. The electrode tip is embedded in the tissue for a 60-second ablation cycle. On top of the tissue there is a blood stream flowing perpendicularly to the electrode and catheter axes. The transient simulation predicts the evolution of the temperature distribution in the tissue as well as the blood. The results can be used to optimize the design of the electrode shape in order to avoid undesirable hot spots. The simulations are also a cost-effective way of improving the quality of the therapy by studying the effect of different parameters such as blood flow rates, ablation cycle duration and electrode positioning.
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text: Short hydraulic lines operate mainly in the conditions of nonuniform fluid flow. The presence of grids, blades and other structures in hydraulic lines leads to a sharp change in the flow characteristics and to additional energy losses during the flow. Despite the extensive use of grids, there is insufficient information on the throughput of channels. In this article, flat plastic perforated grids of different degrees of permeability, installed at the outlet of the pipeline, have been investigated. The resistance coefficients of the grids have been determined experimentally. It has been demonstrated that the two methods for determining the resistance coefficient (by flow and by differential pressure on the grids) are identical. The influence of the grids on the capacity of the pipeline has been established. The dependence of the relative flow rate in the pipe on the surface porosity of the grids has been obtained. An alternative transition from the resistance coefficients to the filtration coefficients and permeability of the pipeline with grids has been proposed.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Process control simulation benefits
Process controls simulation can serve as a powerful and effective tool for training operators and assess safety and environmental risks.
By Jeff Clark, Cross Company September 16, 2016
Industrial processes rely on a specific combination of parameters and variables to ultimately deliver a quality product. The number of these factors and the intricacy of their connection to the final product varies depending on the size and complexity of the process. In all cases, however, a strong understanding of how the process and controls system respond to variations in these factors provides great benefits. An effective way to gather this information is through the use of process controls simulation.
Process controls simulation is available through a wide variety of techniques, primarily differing in the degree of specific detail they provide for the plant and process. How detailed and robust the simulation should be depends on the company's overall goals. Is comprehensive information regarding exactly how ambient temperature impacts a reaction needed? Or does the operator only need to understand what will display when alarms or interlocks are active without physically making them happen?
Simple simulations can provide simulated feedback from controlled devices (valves, motors, etc.) and simulated process variable changes in response to various triggers. Advanced, high-fidelity simulations can be tuned to mirror the process down to the smallest detail.
Process controls simulation can serve as a powerful and effective tool for operators in the following ways:
 - Train operators on the controls system
 - Test the controls system configuration
 - Improve upon a process and standard operating procedures (SOPs)
 - Assess safety and environmental risks.
Operator training
Operators are the heart of any industrial facility. Their understanding of how the plant functions and ability to react to various situations plays a vital role in keeping the facility operational. A primary benefit to process controls simulation lies in operator training.
Example of an HMI simulated process. Courtesy: Cross Company
Whether it be a newly developed facility, an expansion of an old one, or a restructuring of a controls system, process simulation provides a powerful tool in training the operators on how to manage the plant. Most simulated systems give the operators the ability to navigate and become familiar with graphics, alarm displays, and the tools available to them while operating a plant without downtime. More advanced simulations can provide dynamic information in-tune with the true detailed functionality of the facility. This is very useful when preparing operators for startups/shutdowns and how to respond to plant disturbances and emergencies.
Configuration testing
Simulation at all levels allows for risk-free testing of the controls system. By simulating the process and controls system, the operator has the ability to thoroughly test the configuration and logic programmed for the plant without stroking a single valve. This provides the ability to test control strategies and identify potential design flaws that may lead to downtime and production loss. Speaking as an integrator, any degree of built in simulation allows for a more streamlined and effective factory acceptance testing (FAT).
For example, an increase in a tank's level after the simulated opening of the required valves adds a small detail that considerably aids in the customer's connection between the off-site program and their physical plant, and it allows them to identify any necessary changes before implementing the controls on a live system.
Process controls simulation can serve as a powerful and effective tool for training operators and assess safety and environmental risks. Courtesy: Cross CompanyProcess optimization, concept testing, and SOPs
Along with configuration testing, process controls simulation allows for development and validation of new standard operating procedures and experimenting on how to improve on existing ones. An improperly designed control system results in below optimal performance leading to premature wear on equipment, reduced throughput, increased energy consumption, and increased all around costs.
As the degree of sophistication increases, simulations can help locate process bottlenecks and deliver information on how modifying a feature of a process (such as an increase in cooling water flow or modifying the reflux ratio for a distillation column) impacts product yield or quality without physically making the change. Thus, high fidelity simulations also provide a means to validate new process designs or justify changing preexisting designs.
Safety, environmental, and economic
Safe operation of a facility is of upmost importance. Process controls simulation provides the ability to test both safety and process interlocks. Along with testing, simulating a process and controls system can lead to the discovery of interlocking conditions that might not have been thought of initially.
This provides a great deal of value from both a safety and economic aspect as it prevents downtime, production losses, equipment wear, and/or hazardous incidents. Fewer incidents also lead to fewer cases of associated environmental issues. In addition to preventing environmental hazards, more advanced simulations can also provide information on plant emissions to help determine methods to meet standards.
Simulations save lives
Understanding the interplay between the controls system and the process is critical to any industrial facility. Process controls simulation can aid in this development in a variety of ways. Training operators on an offline controls system can educate them and prepare them to manage the plant and disturbances. Simulation allows for thorough and efficient testing of the controls system configuration prior to implementation. It also provides a means for worry-free experimentation of operating procedures and optimization strategies.
Jeff Clark is a systems integration engineer at Cross Company Integrated Systems Group. Courtesy: Cross CompanyIdentifying undesirable or dangerous situations that could shut a plant down, damage equipment, and endanger people's lives is much safer on a simulated system than in a live facility. It's never too late to evaluate the benefits a simulated environment can provide.
Jeff Clark is a systems integration engineer at Cross Company Integrated Systems Group. This article originally appeared on Cross Company's blog. Cross Company Integrated Systems Group is a CFE Media content partner. Edited by Chris Vavra, production editor, CFE Media, _EMAIL_.
Cross Company is a CSIA member as of 9/20/2016.
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See additional stories from Cross Company linked below.


I'm currently working on a Sitecore 10 project using Helix. We currently trying to implement Helix as closely as possible.
We have two feature modules, Consultants and Hospitals. Consultants can work at various hospitals but our features don't know about the relationship. Any ideas how we can get the data out whilst following the principles?
 - I would ask the question - why do you have the 2 features? remember that a module is something that is feature as understood by business owners. So if Hospitals have Consultants, then maybe they should be in the same feature module? – Richard Seal Jan 12 at 13:50
In your case I would create a Foundation project called Hospital and make feature "Consultant" reference to it. Because in a future it could be possible that you need something else ( Cleaner, Nurse, Doctor) but it also need hospital data. Then you can easily reference again to Foundation Hospitals from the new feature project.
One thing to note is that if there is going to be more than one job like Consultant I would probably rename feature "Consultant" to more generic like "Worker" or something similar. Then inside that Worker feature you would have a information of different roles for workers like "Consultant, Cleaner, Nurse, Doctor".
Basically, if you see that one feature depends another, dependency need to be moved into the Foundation layer.
Also, it is not really required to move whole Consultants feature. You need to add a new Foundation project, which will have, for example, a templates and corresponding classes (or interfaces) for _Employee and _Hospital and a code, that will be responsible to retrieve or build Employees and Hospitals data. For example a service, which will return a Employee (an instance of _Employee) by ID, or a list of Employees by HospitalID or a hospital data itself.
Then, Consultants and Hospitals features can inherit and extend (if required) the _Employee, _Hospital and being responsible to display a Consultant data and use this Foundation module for get a base Employee data.
This all is abstract. The main idea to move the modules dependency on one level up.
Your Answer


text:
Plant growth is dependent on precipitation and temperature. … Agriculturally suitable lands have adequate precipitation and moderate temperatures as well as good soils. Farmers regularly have to contend with wet and dry events to grow crops, even in hospitable climates.
Which climate zone would be best for farming?
The correct answer of this question is option C, Mediterranean climate zone.
What region is best for farming?
Rain-fed agriculture produces about 60 percent of global crop output in a wide variety of production systems (Table 5.1). The most productive systems are concentrated in temperate zones of Europe, followed by Northern America, and rain-fed systems in the subtropics and humid tropics.
Which temperature is best suited for growth?
Organisms categorized as mesophiles ("middle loving") are adapted to moderate temperatures, with optimal growth temperatures ranging from room temperature (about 20 °C) to about 45 °C. As would be expected from the core temperature of the human body, 37 °C (98.6 °F), normal human microbiota and pathogens (e.g., E.
What type of climate is needed for shifting cultivation?
In what climate does shifting cultivation predominate? What are its two characteristics? High temperature and heavy rainfall. Two distinctive features of shifting cultivation.
Where is the best place to start a farm?
|OVERALL RANK||State||Overall Score|
Where in the world is the best soil?
Found in Ukraine, parts of Russia and the USA, mollisols are some of the world's most fertile soil. This type of soil includes black soils with high organic content. Vertisols – 2.5% of the world's ice-free land. This type of soil is found in India, Australia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America.
Where is the best place to buy farmland?
12 best farmland bargains
- West-Central Texas. $600/acre. Annual land payment: $50/acre. …
- Central Wisconsin. $5,000/acre. …
- South-Central Florida. $10,000/acre. …
- Northern Missouri. $1,400/acre. …
- Eastern Ohio. $5,000/acre. …
- Southwest Iowa. $4,000/acre. …
- Southeastern Wyoming. $4,000/acre (irrigation in place) …
- Eastern North Dakota. $5,000/acre.
What is the growing temperature?
Growing degrees (GDs) is defined as the number of temperature degrees above a certain threshold base temperature, which varies among crop species. The base temperature is that temperature below which plant growth is zero.
What temperature is too hot for plants?
So, how hot IS too hot for plants? The general answer is around 90 degrees F, with some exceptions to the rule. This means that when temps rise above 90 and remain there for a lengthy spell: Leaves wilt.
What temperature is good for plants?
The best temperature range for indoor plants is 70 degrees F – 80 degrees F day and 65 degrees F – 70 degrees F night.


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Rapid cooling doubles eggs' shelf lifeJune 12th, 2012 - 3:45 pm ICT by IANS
Washington, June 12 (IANS) Taking just a few seconds to cool, freshly-laid eggs would add weeks to their shelf life and also stave off salmonella illnesses, according to a new study.
The rapid-cooling process, developed by Kevin Keener, professor of food science at Purdue University, uses liquid carbon dioxide to stabilize the proteins in egg whites so much that they could be rated AA, the highest grade for eggs, for 12 weeks.
Previous research showed that the same cooling technology could significantly reduce occurrences of salmonella illnesses.
Its symptoms are diarrhoea, fever, vomiting, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection. Eggs cooled under current methods lose the AA grade in about six weeks, Keener said, the journal Poultry Science reports.
Such outbreaks are commonly linked with eggs, meat and poultry, but these bacteria can also contaminate other foods such as fruits and vegetables. The infection usually occurs when a person eats food contaminated with the faeces of animals or humans carrying the bacteria, according to a Purdue statement.
"There is no statistical difference in quality between eggs as measured by Haugh units just after laying and rapidly cooled eggs at 12 weeks," Keener said. "This rapid-cooling process can provide a significant extension in the shelf life of eggs compared to traditional processing." Haugh units measure an egg white's protein quality.
Keener's results also show that membranes surrounding the eggs' yolks were maintained for 12 weeks when eggs were rapidly cooled. That membrane is a barrier that keeps harmful bacteria from reaching the yolk, a nutrient-rich reservoir that bacteria could use as a food source.
- Scientists develop new salmonella test that makes food safer - Nov 23, 2010
- Symptoms Of Salmonella Being Scrupulously Studied By Anxious Citizens Of America - Aug 19, 2010
- Salmonella bugs could prevent food poisoning - Apr 13, 2012
- Intestinal cells activate defence against salmonella bug - May 29, 2011
- Plasma zaps can decontaminate chicken meat - Feb 05, 2012
- New antibiotic to treat adulterated food - Aug 07, 2011
- How salmonella bacteria spread in humans - Oct 01, 2010
- Deadly bugs lurk in raw vegetables - Aug 16, 2011
- Salmonella biggest food-borne threat to US - Jun 08, 2011
- Nitric oxide can ward off deadly infections - Jul 24, 2011
- Deadly tool in Salmonella's bag of tricks identified - Feb 04, 2011
- E.coli, salmonella target ripening fruits - Mar 26, 2012
- Del Monte announce a cantaloupe recall - Mar 25, 2011
- Eggs Recalled Owing To Salmonella Infection In Ohio Farm - Nov 09, 2010
- Dry Pet Food May Cause Salmonella Outbreak, Study Finds Out - Aug 10, 2010
Tags: abdominal cramps, cooling technology, diarrhoea, egg white, egg whites, faeces, food science, food source, fruits and vegetables, harmful bacteria, liquid carbon dioxide, meat and poultry, poultry science, previous research, protein quality, purdue university, rich reservoir, shelf life of eggs, statistical difference, yolk

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Studies have shown that although guilt is a feeling that is more common among men, women tend to feel this emotion more intensely. In this study, researchers tried to analyze if feelings of guilt and their intensity, especially when habitual, could be different between the sexes. Researchers also attempted to understand other factors like "interpersonal sensitivity" and anxiety coupled with aggression, which could affect guilt. Results have shown that the difference between the sexes does indeed lie in these two factors and that, "habitual guilt was found to be more intense in women than in men in all age groups."
Researchers had in a previous study explored feelings of guilt in teenagers between ages 15 and 19 and among adults in the 25 to 48 age group. They noted that teenage girls experienced deeper guilt than teenage boys but that adults showed no such gender disparity. For this study, the researchers tried to explore if these differences persist in adulthood. There have been studies that show that "problems in interpersonal relationships tend to evoke guilt (interpersonal guilt) and moral dilemmas more often in women." This is labeled as "interpersonal sensitivity." Besides, anxiety along with outward anger and inward anger known as "anxiety aggressiveness" also guides guilt. There have been no studies exploring the difference between the genders, caused by these factors "interpersonal sensitivity" and "anxiety aggressiveness," and this prompted the present study.
- The study group of 360 participants was divided into three age groups. The first one consisted of 156 teenagers (ages ranging from 15 to 19). The second group involved 96 adults (aged 25 to 33) and the third group had middle-aged adults (ages ranging from 40 to 50).
- They were all given an initial questionnaire that asked them to relate a situation that made them feel guilty and rate the amount of guilt that they felt. Based on this, they were determined to be habitually guilty or not.
- The guilt-evoking situations were also analyzed to see if they were interpersonal or not. For example, not visiting one's aged mother was interpersonal while indulging in an extra drink was not.
- Similarly, from a questionnaire that quantified the anxiety and anger felt due to these guilt-evoking situations, measures of "anxiety aggressiveness" were also determined.
- Results showed that "the experiences of habitual guilt reported by women were more intense than those reported by men."
- These results are different from a previous study by the researchers that showed that adult men and women suffer from guilt equally.
- More women reported interpersonal events (86.5 percent) than men (76.5 percent), in all the age groups. Also the anxious-aggressive factor was seen more among women, irrespective of age. Women in their middle age had the highest anxious-aggressive component.
- Of concern is the fact that "interpersonal sensitivity" is the lowest among young men between ages 25 and 33.
One of the perceived shortcomings of this study was some of the gender behaviors in reporting feelings. Earlier studies have said that men may hide their actual emotions and women may exaggerate their emotions and expressions; in this study, sometimes women may have held back from expressing themselves, making analysis unpredictable. Researchers plan to explore these questions in future studies.
This study shows that women feel habitually guilty more often than men. This gender difference is mainly due to interpersonal relations and the anxiety and anger that they feel, if placed in a situation that evokes a feeling of guilt. One of the expected results from this study is the lack of empathy towards relationships and family, in young men. On the other hand, "anxious aggressiveness" can lead to deeper mental health problems than habitual anxiety. This lack of "interpersonal sensitivity" as well as "anxious aggressive" behavior could be tackled by a change in "educational practices and socializing agents," according to the study authors.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Quartermaster Corps (United States Army)
The United States Army Quartermaster Corps is a Sustainment (formerly combat service support (CSS)) branch of the United States Army. It is also one of three U.S. Army logistics branches, the others being the Transportation Corps and the Ordnance Corps.
The Quartermaster Corps is the U.S. Army's oldest logistics branch, established 16 June 1775. On that date the Second Continental Congress passed a resolution providing for "one Quartermaster General of the grand army and a deputy, under him, for the separate army." From 1775 to 1912 this organization was known as the Quartermaster Department. In 1912, Congress consolidated the former Subsistence, Pay, and Quartermaster Departments to create the Quartermaster Corps. Quartermaster units and soldiers have served in every U.S. military operation from the Revolutionary War to current operations in Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom) and Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom).
The function of the Quartermaster Corps is to provide the following support to the Army:
- general supply (except for ammunition and medical supplies)
- Mortuary Affairs (formerly graves registration)
- subsistence (food service)
- petroleum & water
- field services
- aerial delivery (parachute packing, air item maintenance, heavy and light equipment parachute drop, rigging and sling loading.)
- shower, laundry, fabric/light textile repair
- material and distribution management
Former functions
Former functions and missions of the Quartermaster Corps were:
- military transportation (given to the newly established Transportation Corps in 1942)
- military construction (given to the Corps of Engineers in the early 1940s)
- U.S. Army Remount Service horses/ war dogs (military dog training given to Military Police Corps in 1951)
- military heraldry (given to the Adjutant General's Corps in 1962)
Quartermaster detachments, companies and battalions are normally assigned to corps or higher level commands. Divisions and smaller units have multifunctional support battalions which combine functional areas from the Army Transportation Corps, Army Quartermaster Corps, Army Ordnance Corps, and the Army Medical Service Department.
Quartermaster organizations include field service, general supply, petroleum supply and petroleum pipeline, aerial delivery (rigger), water, and mortuary affairs units. Most are company level except petroleum & water which have battalion and group level units.
Military Occupational Specialities
There are nine Quartermaster Enlisted Military Occupational Specialties (MOSs):
- 92A – Automated Logistical Specialist
- 92F – Petroleum Supply Specialist
- 92G – Food Service Operations
- 92L – Petroleum Laboratory Specialist
- 92M – Mortuary Affairs Specialist
- 92R – Parachute Rigger
- 92S – Shower/Laundry and Clothing Repair Specialist
- 92W – Water Treatment Specialist
- 92Y – Unit Supply Specialist
There are five Quartermaster Warrant Officer Military Occupational Specialties (MOSs):
- 920A - Property Accounting Technician
- 920B – Supply Systems Technician
- 921A – Airdrop Systems Technician
- 922A – Food Service Technician
- 923A – Petroleum Technician
The three Quartermaster Officer Areas of Concentration (AOCs) have been merged into 92A as Additional Skill Identifiers (ASIs)
- 92A – Quartermaster, General
- R9 – Aerial Delivery and Materiel (formerly 92D)
- R8 – Petroleum and Water (formerly 92F)
Leadership / School
The officer in charge of the branch for doctrine, training and professional development purposes is the Quartermaster General. The current Quartermaster General is Brigadier General Gwen Bingham. The Quartermaster General does not have command authority over Quartermaster units, but instead commands the United States Army Quartermaster Center and School, located at Fort Lee, Virginia, near Petersburg. This school provides enlisted advanced individual training (AIT) and leader training for Quartermaster officers, warrant officers and non-commissioned officers.
In the media
The Quartermaster Corps provides a host of vital services to the U.S. Army. But because these jobs are often not glamorous very little is mentioned about Quartermaster soldiers in the mainstream media. The Global War on Terrorism, the 11 September attack on the Pentagon as well as operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have brought several Quartermasters briefly into the spotlight. Here are a few that have recently gained attention.
- MAJ Steve V. Long, a Quartermaster Officer who was serving as Secretary of the General Staff Office of the Commanding General US Total Army Personnel Command, was one of the casualties of the 11 Sept. 2001 attack on the Pentagon.
- Members of the 507th Maintenance Company which was ambushed at An Nasiriyah, Iraq on 23 March 2003, during Operation Iraqi Freedom:
- Sergeant (SGT) Donald Walters, Killed in action – Silver Star recipient
- Specialist (SPC) Edgar Hernandez, Captured
- Specialist (SPC) Shoshana Johnson, Captured
- Private First Class (PFC) Howard Johnson II, Killed in action
- Private First Class (PFC) Jessica Lynch, Captured
- Private First Class (PFC) Lori Piestewa, Killed in action
- Private (PVT) Brandon Sloan, Killed in action
- Private (PVT) Ruben Estrella-Soto, Jr, Killed in action
- During Operation Desert Storm the 14th Quartermaster Detachment, a U.S. Army Reserve unit from Greensburg, Pennsylvania, gained world wide media exposure. The 14th suffered the greatest number of casualties of any allied unit in the war due to a SCUD Missile attack on 25 February 1991.
Quartermaster Creed
Military Order of Saint Martin
The Quartermaster Corps established this military decoration on 7 February 1997. The emblematic figure is of Saint Martin of Tours. The medal, for Quartermasters either on Active Duty, in the Reserves, or Civilian status, is awarded in three grades:
- Ancient Order of Saint Martin (gold medallion)
- Distinguished Order of Saint Martin (silver medallion)
- Honorable Order of Saint Martin (bronze medallion)
An updated list of recipients is maintained on the Association of Quartermasters website.
See also
Further reading
- Early History of the Quartermaster Corps
- Risch, Erna (1981). Supplying Washington's Army. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History.
- Korean War
- Alexander, 1st Lieutenant Bevin R. Quartermaster Field Service Platoon in Action. United States Army Center of Military History. United States Army Center of Military History Historical Manuscript Collection 8-5.1A BA 60.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
As is well known, the space of solutions of a linear ODE with, say, $\mathcal{C}^\infty$ coefficients on $\mathbb{R}$ is a finite dimensional affine space (a vector space, in the homogeneus case).
What is the structure of the space of solutions of a non linear ODE? In which cases does it have a "natural" structure of finite dimensional smooth manifold?
For the question to make sense, some conditions on the form of the equation must be put. Let's assume the ODE is of the form
where $F:\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$ is a smooth function.
share|improve this question
You need to put more assumptions on $F$ in order for this to have a meaningful answer. For example, you haven't ruled out that $F$ is identically $0$ (all functions $u$ satisfy the equation) or $1$ (no functions $u$ satisfy the equation). Usually, in the case of a higher order ODE for one unknown function, one assumes that the equation can be solved smoothly for the highest derivative. Then one locally has the structure of a smooth manifold of dimension $n$, with the 'initial values' $\bigl(u^{(j)}(t_0)\bigr)$ for $0\le j< n$ giving local coordinates. – Robert Bryant Dec 8 '12 at 20:25
In addition to what Robert already said, there's also the issue of whether you care about the size of the interval on which a solution exists. For a linear ODE, the solution exists for all time (both positive and negative), but for a nonlinear ODE, solutions may exist for only a finite time and the size of the time interval might depend on the initial data. – Deane Yang Dec 8 '12 at 20:30
_USER_ Bryant: your comment comes very close to what I would have expected as an answer! Are there cases in which the manifold is compact? And in which it has nontrivial topology? – Qfwfq Dec 8 '12 at 20:55
_USER_ Yang: yes, that is an issue too; that's why I didn't specify in which functional space the solutions have to live ($\mathcal{C}^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})$ or $\mathcal{C}^{\infty}(t_0-\epsilon,t_0+\epsilon)$); should I have considered solutions as living in the space of germs of smooth functions at $t_0$ (which is still infinite dimensional)? ( _USER_ commenters: I realize my question is perhaps a bit elementary for people who know differential equations). – Qfwfq Dec 8 '12 at 20:55
I didn't know whether to accept R.Bryant's or F.Ziegler's very well written answer. The latter just seemed a bit more general, so I've clicked on it. – Qfwfq Dec 19 '12 at 17:34
3 Answers 3
up vote 8 down vote accepted
As Robert Bryant observed, something like the solubility of $F$ for $u^{(n)}$ needs to be assumed. Then by the trick (due I believe to D'Alembert) of setting $x=(t,u,\dots,u^{(n-1)})$ and dt/ds=1, the equation can always be rewritten $$ \frac{dx}{ds}=f(x). $$ This is what most geometers would call the "standard ODE", wherein $f$ is a smooth vector field on the manifold where $x$ evolves.
In this setting, the space of (maximal connected) solution curves is indeed always a (not necessarily Hausdorff) manifold. I don't know who first wrote this, but according to this recent obituary a contender would be J.-M. Souriau in his 1970 book "Structure des systèmes dynamiques". Translation of the relevant passage:
The manifold of motions of a system
Jean-Marie Souriau has observed that the set of maximal solutions of a differential system on a differentiable manifold possesses itself a natural structure of differentiable manifold, not always separated: thus one can speak of the system's manifold of motions. This very simple property is rarely mentioned in the usual courses on differential calculus.
share|improve this answer
There is yet another direction in which one could take the question, one that makes more contact with the linear and affine structures that one observes in the standard treatment of linear equations (both homogeneous and inhomogeneous). For example, consider the Riccati equation $$ u'(t) = a_0(t) + a_1(t)u(t) + a_2(t)u(t)^2,\tag{1} $$ which is nonlinear (when $a_2$ is not zero). A standard fact that is proved in ODE courses is that there is a 'trick' for 'linearizing' this equation, yielding the result that the general solution can be written in the form $$ u(t) = \frac{c_1b_1(t)+c_2b_2(t)}{c_1b_3(t)+c_2b_4(t)} $$ for some functions $b_i(t)$ (defined on the entire interval on which the $a_i$ are defined) and constants $c_1$ and $c_2$ (not both zero). Obviously, only the ratio of $c_1$ to $c_2$ matters for specifying $u$, so the ($1$-dimensional) space of solutions to $(1)$ is 'naturally' diffeomorphic to the real projective line $\mathbb{RP}^1$. Note that this representation works even when the solution $u$ has a 'pole'. (For example, consider the Riccati equation $u' = 1 + u^2$, which has $u(t) = \tan t$ as a solution.)
Sophus Lie developed a theory that associated a type of ODE to each homogeneous space of what we now call Lie groups, one that generalized the theory of linear ODE (both homogeneous and inhomogeneous) and Riccati equations in their various forms (which correspond to vector spaces, affine spaces, and projective spaces, thought of as homogeneous spaces of appropriate Lie groups).
It's possible that the OP is interested in learning more about the theory of ODE (and PDE) of Lie type, which is what this theory developed into. For this theory, putting a (possibly non-Hausdorff) manifold structure on the space of solutions is a necessary first step, but it is only the beginning.
share|improve this answer
The formula given in this answer is related to the fact any four solutions of the Ricatti equation are in constant Cross-ratio. – Denis Serre Dec 9 '12 at 13:47
That's true. The point is that the 'evaluation map' from the space of solutions with its natural $\mathbb{RP}^1$-structure to $\mathbb{R}$ given by $u\mapsto u(t_0)$ is an affine chart on the $\mathbb{RP}^1$ for each $t_0$. The constancy of the cross-ratio is then a reflection of the fact that projective transformations of $\mathbb{RP}^1$ preserve the cross-ratio of $4$ points. Of course, this generalizes to all equations of Lie type, replacing $\mathbb{RP}^1$ with the appropriate homogeneous space $M$ and the cross-ratio with appropriate invariant function(s) on products of $M$ with itself. – Robert Bryant Dec 9 '12 at 14:36
Deep and interesting theory exists when $F$ is analytic, not just smooth. It was developed by J. F. Ritt in his books on Differential algebra. (In particular, Ritt rigorously defined the things like "singular solutions").
Some parts of the theory also apply to PDE.
Most interesting and useful theory is obtained when $F$ is a polynomial, in which case the set of solution is a "differential-algebraic manifold", and a theory of DA manifolds is parallel to the theory of the usual algebraic manifolds.
For a more modern exposition (including fields of non-zero characteristic) see Kolchin, Differential algebra and algebraic groups.
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text:
Captain Falcon (SSB)/Down aerial
Captain Falcon stomps below him, dealing 14% damage. The move's hitbox lasts a very long time, but it has very quick startup. The move functions as a meteor smash, striking airborne opponents downwards when they are hit by the move. The move's reach is also extended by a small hitbox above Captain Falcon's legs. The move is a powerful meteor smash (even if it hits during the latter frames), and it can KO at moderately low percentages offstage. Due to the move having high power throughout the entire duration, it can easily be used after an edge drop and a midair jump to cover the area around Falcon, being very difficult for most recovering characters to get past. If the move is used on a grounded opponent, it produces very weak knockback that only just lifts them off the ground at around 80-90%, though at around 80% it can lead into an up smash to get the opponent into the air, and at around 100-150% (depending on the falling speed of the opponent) it can lead straight into a back aerial or occasionally a neutral aerial for a KO. Used on a grounded opponent at lower to moderate percentages, it can also tech-chase rather easily. This can be performed out of a short hop or after an aerial down aerial onstage. In addition to this, it can be used effectively with the help of platforms; for example, Falcon can use it almost immediately after dropping through a soft platform. Additionally, a down aerial can be used on a grounded opponent right next to the edge of the stage to combo into another down aerial, a forward smash, or even a Falcon Punch.
Captain Falcon can also perform a Ken Combo variation by jumping, using his back aerial (at lower percentages) or forward aerial (at moderate percentages), jumping again and using a down aerial to meteor smash the opponent. A down aerial can also be used to finish a string of up aerials. According to Ken himself, the Ken Combo was initially developed in Smash 64 using an up aerial → down aerial combo with Captain Falcon.


text:
Concept for a New Motor Control Platform (Modular System)
The Interroll Group, one of the world's leading specialists in intralogistics, offers a series of motor control modules for conveyor roller systems. These can be used to control a variety of EC motors and achieve a wide range of different bus topologies. They ensure an optimized flow of goods and, thanks to their simple cabling and configuration, can be assembled and put into operation in very little time. Helbling drew up a standardized concept for the new product family, from the very first ideas and technical principles up to and including the blueprint containing the design details. Helbling was commissioned with the task of standardizing the control modules and developing an innovative kit-based concept. At the same time, the control modules also needed to be able to accommodate future requirements. To achieve this, Helbling combined its methods expertise in the areas of complexity management and product innovation with its technological know-how in the fields of mechatronics, network engineering and device construction.
Key data and technical details
- Uniform architecture (housing layout, connections, shapes, assembly, sealing)
- Designed for several different bus topologies (daisy chain, master-slave, host)
- Innovative installation principle (bus for data / power supply, piercing system, silicone cables)
- Standardized, intuitive user interface
- New features and improved conformity with standards


f supports three settings to configure where to get the pw_dir, pw_shell, and pw_gecos content of a passwd entry from:
 db_home: schema... # Define how to fetch the pw_dir entry.
 db_shell: schema... # Define how to fetch the pw_shell entry.
 db_gecos: schema... # Define how to fetch the pw_gecos entry.
"schema..." is a list of up to four space-separated schemata:
 db_FOO: schema1 schema2 ...
When generating a passwd entry, Cygwin tries the schemata in order. If the first schema returns an empty string, it skips to the second, and so on. Schemata only supported on AD are silently skipped for SAM accounts and on non-AD machines.
Four schemata are predefined, two schemata are variable. The predefined schemata are the following:
windows
Utilizes typical Windows settings. Supported for AD and SAM accounts.
cygwin
Utilizes the cygwinUser AD schema extension. This schema extension is available via a schema extension file /usr/share/cygwin/cygwin.ldif. See the section called "The cygwin schema" for more information.
unix
Utilizes the posixAccount schema attributes per RFC 2307. The posixAccount schema is available by default in Windows Server, but typically only utilized when installing the Active Directory "Server for NIS" feature (which is deprecated since Server 2012 R2). See also the section called "The unix schema".
desc
Utilizes XML-style attributes in the description attribute. Supported for AD and SAM accounts. See the section called "The desc schema" for a more detailed description.
The variable schemata are as follows. Note that the leading characters (@ and /) are an integral part of the definition.
@ad_attribute
ad_attribute is any arbitrary AD attribute name which should (ideally) be available in the User class or in any attached auxiliary class. It's always treated as a single string argument. Only the first string of a multi-string attributes will be read.
/path
An arbitrary string, typically a path. The leading slash is required. Given that a single, fixed path for all users only makes marginal sense, the /path schema supports wildcards. A wildcard is a per-cent (%) character, followed by another character giving the meaning. The supported wildcard characters are:
%u
The Cygwin username (that's lowercase u).
%U
The Windows username (that's uppercase U).
%D
Windows domain in NetBIOS style.
%H
Windows home directory in POSIX style. Note that, for the db_home: setting, this only makes sense right after the preceeding slash, as in
db_home: /%H/cygwin
%_
Since space and TAB characters are used to separate the schemata, a space in the filename has to be given as %_ (that's an underscore).
%%
A per-cent character.
Any other %X expression is treated as if the character X has been given alone.
The exact meaning of a schema depends on the setting it's used for. The following sections explain the settings in detail.
The db_home setting
The db_home: setting defines how Cygwin fetches the user's home directory, or, more precise, the content of the pw_dir member of the user's passwd entry. The following list describes the meaning of each schema when used with db_home:
windows
The user's home directory is set to the same directory which is used as Windows home directory. This is the homeDirectory AD attribute. For SAM accounts, this is equivalent to the "Home folder" setting in SAM. If both attributes are unset, Cygwin falls back to the user's local profile directory, typically something along the lines of C:\Users\$USERNAME. Of course, the Windows directory is converted to POSIX-style by Cygwin.
cygwin
AD only: The user's home directory is set to the POSIX path given in the cygwinHome attribute from the cygwinUser auxiliary class. See also the section called "The cygwin schema".
unix
AD only: The user's home directory is set to the POSIX path given in the unixHomeDirectory attribute from the posixAccount auxiliary class. See also the section called "The unix schema".
desc
The user's home directory is set to the POSIX path given in the home="..." XML-alike setting in the user's description attribute in SAM or AD. See the section called "The desc schema" for a detailed description.
@ad_attribute
AD only: The user's home directory is set to the path given in the ad_attribute attribute. The path can be given as Windows or POSIX path.
/path
The user's home directory is set to the given POSIX path. Remember the wildcards described in the section called "Settings defining how to create the passwd entry".
Fallback
If none of the schemes given for db_home: define a non-empty directory, the user's home directory is set to /home/$USERNAME.
As has been briefly mentioned before, the default setting for db_home: is
 db_home: /home/%U
So by default, Cygwin just sets the home dir to /home/$USERNAME.
The db_shell setting
The db_shell: setting defines how Cygwin fetches the user's login shell, the content of the pw_shell member of the user's passwd entry. The following list describes the meaning of each schema when used with db_shell:
windows
The windows schema is ignored for now. The logical choice would be CMD, but that introduces some problems, for instance the fact that CMD has no concept of running as login shell. This may change in future.
cygwin
AD only: The user's home directory is set to the POSIX path given in the cygwinShell attribute from the cygwinUser auxiliary class. See also the section called "The cygwin schema".
unix
AD only: The user's login shell is set to the POSIX path given in the loginShell attribute from the posixAccount auxiliary class. See also the section called "The unix schema".
desc
The user's login shell is set to the POSIX path given in the shell="..." XML-alike setting in the user's description attribute in SAM or AD. See the section called "The desc schema" for a detailed description.
@ad_attribute
AD only: The user's login shell is set to the path given in the ad_attribute attribute. The path can be given as Windows or POSIX path.
/path
The user's login shell is set to the given POSIX path. Albeit not being as important here, the wildcards described in the section called "Settings defining how to create the passwd entry" are also available for specifying a login shell path.
Fallback
If none of the schemes given for db_shell: define a non-empty pathname, the user's login shell is set to /bin/bash.
As for db_home:, the default setting for db_shell: is pretty much a constant
 db_shell: /bin/bash
The db_gecos setting
The db_gecos: setting defines how to fetch additional content for the pw_gecos member of the user's passwd entry. There's always a fixed, Cygwin-specific part in the pw_gecos field for identifying the account. However, an administrator might want to add informative content like, for instance, the user's full name. That's what the db_gecos: setting is for. The following list describes the meaning of each schema when used with db_gecos:
windows
Add the AD displayName attribute or, for SAM accounts, the "Full name" entry to the pw_gecos field.
cygwin
AD only: The content of the cygwinGecos attribute from the cygwinUser auxiliary class is added to pw_gecos. See also the section called "The cygwin schema".
unix
AD only: The content of the gecos attribute from the posixAccount auxiliary class is added to pw_gecos. See also the section called "The unix schema".
desc
The content of the gecos="..." XML-alike setting in the user's description attribute in SAM or AD is added to pw_gecos. See the section called "The desc schema" for a detailed description.
@ad_attribute
AD only: The content of the ad_attribute attribute is added to pw_gecos.
/path
The string following the slash is added to pw_gecos. Here, the wildcards described in the section called "Settings defining how to create the passwd entry" may


text: The ubiquitous presence of inhibitory interneurons in the thalamus of primates contrasts with the sparsity of interneurons reported in mice. Here, we identify a larger than expected complexity and distribution of interneurons across the mouse thalamus, where all thalamic interneurons can be traced back to two developmental programmes: one specified in the midbrain and the other in the forebrain. Interneurons migrate to functionally distinct thalamocortical nuclei depending on their origin: the abundant, midbrain-derived class populates the first and higher order sensory thalamus while the rarer, forebrain-generated class is restricted to some higher order associative regions. We also observe that markers for the midbrain-born class are abundantly expressed throughout the thalamus of the New World monkey marmoset. These data therefore reveal that, despite the broad variability in interneuron density across mammalian species, the blueprint of the ontogenetic organisation of thalamic interneurons of larger-brained mammals exists and can be studied in mice.


text:
Computer Engineering | Robotics
In this paper we evaluate the use of a novel spatial histogram called the terrain spatiogram as a common representation for exchanging landmark information between robots working as a team to map an area. Individual robots use range sensors to provide the spatial dimension of the spatiogram and video for the image dimension. We have previously shown that terrain spatiograms can be shared between robots in a heterogeneous team to recognize landmarks and to fuse observations from multiple sensors or multiple platforms. A terrain spatiogram using a mixture of Gaussians (MOG) model is introduced and a corresponding normalized spatiogram similarity measure defined. Two methods to generate a MOG terrain spatiogram are presented and compared experimentally using indoor and outdoor landmark information transferred between two different models of robot equipped with differently configured stereocameras.
Lyons, Damian M., "Sharing Landmark Information using Mixture of Gaussian Terrain Spatiograms" (2009). Faculty Publications. 18.


text:
12 Conquering Books About the Norman Invasion
Relive a turning point in British history
On 14 October 1066, life in Britain changed irrevocably. The Normans came, they saw, and they conquored. The fear, uncertainty, brutality, and possibility of those years are brought to life within these books, which illustrate the lives of kings, queens, soldiers, mercenaries, and everyday people who made up the rich tapestry of Medieval life.
Image: The Battle of Stamford Bridge by Peter Nicolai Arbo


text:
This thesis develops a framework for enhancing current financial reporting of intangibles related information in knowledge intensive industries informed by the particular needs and requirements of the users of such reports.
Four financial statements user groups (investment fund managers, CFOs of companies, credit institutions and auditors) were interviewed to obtain an understanding of their views of the usefulness of current financial statements. Following these initial interviews, questionnaires were sent out and related interviews conducted to identify factors that would be useful for improving current financial reporting practice related to intangibles. These factors were used to build a new intangibles disclosure framework or 'model'. This new 'model' was then validated with financial statements users and a representative of an accounting standards setter1 in respect of its acceptability and usefulness.
This study also explored the question of appropriate methodology for examining and developing financial accounting theory. Financial accounting research is currently undertaken in the two different fields of normative and positive accounting theory. Both have different views on what is deemed as commonly acceptable research methodologies to contribute to current knowledge. Unfortunately, neither field supports the development of financial accounting standards based on qualitative empirical research methodologies founded on the views of users of such financial accounting standards. This thesis provides evidence for the need to establish a new branch of financial accounting research: conditional-normative accounting research. In addition, this thesis also provides a process by which this new branch of financial accounting research can be operationalised.
This thesis contributes to the current knowledge in three ways:
It proposes a new user-based intangibles disclosure framework model for knowledge intensive industries which was developed and validated based on qualitative empirical research methodology.
It contributes to the establishment of a new branch of financial accounting theory which is referred to by Mattessich (1995) as conditional-normative accounting theory. The latter consists of financial accounting norms and policy recommendations developed through the application of qualitative empirical research methodologies.
It provides a process by which the concept of conditional-normative accounting theory can be operationalised in research practice.
|Date of Award||2017|
Intangibles disclosure: A user-based approach to enhanced external financial reporting
Muehlenbrock, S. (Author). 2017
Student thesis: Doctoral Thesis


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The word 'hogy' and its use
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This is one of the more unusual words, as it performs two roles. Its role that you will meet most early on in your studies is how in the context of how are you? - hogy vagy?
Its main and most common role is that (conjunction). It plays a crucial role in linking a statement to a verb.
'Hogy' as a conjunction - 'that'
Consider this sentence: "I believe that Hungarian women are beautiful" Note how it has two parts that are complete sentences in themselves: "I believe" and "Hungarian women are beautiful." These two statements are joined by a conjunction, which serves the role of turning that second statement into somthing akin to an argument of the first.
This is where hogy comes into to play: Azt hiszem, hogy szépek a magyar lányok. Note how there is a comma before the conjunction. This is the way it works.
You can think of this working in the following manner:
Hungarian objects must be marked by the accusative noun case, but the "argument" of the above sentence is a sentence in itself, so how do we place the entire phrase/clause into the accusative case? Well, we use a pronoun to represent the entire clause, we put the pronoun into the accusative, and then state what the pronoun represents using hogy.
That is:
 - What do we believe? I believe {szépek a magyar lányok}. That entire phrase needs to be represented in the accusative.
 - What we believe is well-defined, so we must use the Hungarian definite conjugation and say hiszem
 - Use a pronoun to represent this phrase, and place it into the accusative: azt
 - Link the two with hogy
Similarly when an entire phrase needs to be place into any noun case, we can use the same logic.
 - emlékszik [vmire] remember something - this uses the ra/re (sublative) case
 - nem emlékszem arra, hogy mit csináltam tegnap I don't remember what I did yesterday
 - nem emlékszem arra (pronoun representing the forthcoming phrase)... hogy (conjunction)... mit csináltam tegnap (the phrase we're remembering)
Wonderfully, the same logic still applies even when the phrase we're representing itself contains "hogy." Suppose the phrase we're representing is hogy hívják what they call (it) / what it is called / its name
 - nem emlékszem arra, hogy hogy hívják I don't remember what it's called
 - nem emlékszem arra (pronoun representing the forthcoming phrase)... hogy (conjunction)... hogy hívják (the phrase we're remembering)
Common phrases with conjunctions
Using the above logic, here are some phrases that are incredibly common. You should memorise their structure.
 - azt hiszem, hogy.... I believe that...
 - azt mondják, hogy.... they say that...
 - azt gondoltam, hogy.... I thought that... (past tense)
 - úgy tippelem, hogy.... nem I guess that... no (i.e. "I guess not")
 - úgy hívják, hogy... Áginak they call her thus...Ági (see the dative case page)
Other hogy-like words
Here are some words that contain 'hogy' but actually have nothing to do with the above meanings.
 - hogyhogy?! how come?!
 - dehogynem! but of course! Note how this word contains 'nem' but has a positive meaning. Careful!
 - hogyan [adv] how, by what means
 - hogyha [conj] if, supposing, when
 - hogyne [adv] of course, naturally
 - hogyisne! [interjection] Hell, no! Certainly not!
See also
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New Role for the Middleman
Abigail T. COOKE <>
Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Historically, middlemen or intermediaries have fulfilled an important role in getting goods from the manufacturer to the end user -- for example, from farmer to broker to distributor to food store to consumer, or from steel mill to manufacturer's representative to machinist. Because the intermediaries don't change the physical attributes of an item, the only function they seem to perform is moving information. Electronic commerce is supposed to reduce the cost of goods through the elimination of brokers and distributors, by automating the exchange of information directly between the producer and the user. In practice, however, it becomes obvious that the middleman does more than just repeat information. He or she interprets, translates, catches errors, and in many other ways facilitates the transaction. Many skilled suppliers, such as farmers or machinists, don't want (or can't afford) to become experts at electronic commerce systems. They will hire someone to do this work for them: a new middleman. Examples from such diverse industries as aerospace and photography are used to demonstrate the range of possibilities for middlemen in the new world of electronic commerce.
1. Introduction
1.1 Definitions
Business relationships are the combination of contracts, courtesy, confidence, and communication that allows the buyer and seller to exchange things of value with a sense of tangible net gain.
A business relationship has endurance, meaning it supports repeated transactions. It is fault-tolerant, meaning that it supports the resolution of mistakes and problems. It is flexible, in the sense that it can accommodate some amount of change in the things being exchanged. It enhances each participant's position by satisfying some tangible material or personal need of each participant.
A business transaction results in tangible gain to each party. Acts of charity, where one party gains a sense of well-being or promise of benefit after death, are not business transactions. Likewise, acts of aggression, where both parties know that one party will lose while the other will gain, are not business transactions. Acts of entertainment or enlightenment, where one party gains an experience but no financial or material gain, nor the means to acquire financial or material gain, are not business transactions. These and other transactions are outside the scope of this paper, although they are certainly occurring in the e-commerce world and frequently involve middlemen.
Superior business relationships exist when each participant believes that this relationship is the best available method for satisfying his or her material or personal need or needs.
When the first buyer and the first seller exchanged things of value, they did it face to face. When the first buyer showed her purchase to her neighbor, the neighbor asked her to buy enough for two next time and gave her some item of value. The buyer, acting on her neighbor's behalf, exchanged that item of value for the seller's item and brought it back to her neighbor. Although this transaction used an intermediary, it is not the first example of a middleman because there was no tangible value gained by the first buyer. Some time later, the seller lowered his price to the buyer, who continued to receive the same payment from her neighbor. Thus, the middleman was born!
A middleman is a person or organization that facilitates the business relationship between a buyer and a seller, and earns a tangible gain from its activity.
It is in this context that we explore the new role for the middleman that results from the technology and systems we call electronic commerce.
1.2 U.S. Middlemen: _PHONE_
Much of what I know about middlemen comes from my own experience in the manufacture and distribution of electronic instruments and retail automation equipment. Most recently, I have had a unique opportunity to observe how electronic commerce affects the business models of smalland medium-sized manufacturers, as director of the Electronic Commerce Resource Center.
In my first professional job, I was an engineer in a circuit board fabrication facility for a large electronic instrument manufacturer. In those days, material requirements were determined on a monthly basis by taking the predicted sales of oscilloscopes and breaking that down to the number of each type of circuit board to be built. On a weekly basis, a report would be generated that would identify the changes to the monthly forecast. There was no automated way, however, to convert the number of individual circuit boards of all shapes and sizes into the number of 18x24-inch panels of copper-clad raw material, which is what the purchasing agent had to order. This conversion was a tedious, manual calculation.
Suppliers of the copper-clad raw materials were eager to sell their products, and their employees tried very hard to win and keep the account, including performing these calculations. The forecast and change reports were issued on paper, and of course, were considered company confidential. So, every Thursday, in the lobby of the Electrochem building, the father and son team that represented the laminate supplier would pore over the report for hours, in order to calculate the specific requirements so they could recommend to the purchasing agent what to order. If they had not done this work, the purchasing agent would have had to do it himself, and would have done it less frequently. By volunteering to do this tedious task, this supplier got better information sooner about what to order from their manufacturer. The purchasing agent got the benefit of a more carefully controlled inventory level than he could have achieved on his own. This supplier added value to the transaction by saving the company money in inventory-carrying costs.
As a production manager in a laser scanner factory, I implemented just-in-time approaches in my assembly areas and observed the adoption of vendor-managed inventory practices by the Materials group. In exchange for a commitment to purchase all of our electronic components from a particular supplier, the supplier set up and maintained an inventory stock in our factory, based on our production forecast. He kitted the parts into the particular assortment required to build a scanner and delivered them to the assembly area using a kanban system, which drew parts only when needed. This eliminated a few jobs in our warehouse, but the employees were hired by the supplier. In addition to saving my company the inventory carrying and kitting costs, we had 24-hour access to the supplier in case of quality problems or sudden changes in requirements.
I was hired by one of the laser scanner company's customers, a distributor of scanners to grocery and discount retailers. To my amazement, the retailers were willing to pay a third party (the distributor) to plan, schedule, ship, call for pickup, and repair scanners. The retailer was not avoiding a particularly difficult job by relying on us. Rather, the retailer was relying on us to do an excellent job on a trivial, noncore aspect of its business, namely, keeping the scanners running and expediting the conversion of nonscanning stores to scanning. What was an all-consuming business for us as a supplier was a mere detail to our customer. Our ability to perform this service consistently satisfied the customer's need for reliable, problem-solving service.
At the Electronic Commerce Resource Center, we have been observing, interpreting, and predicting the direction of business-to-business electronic commerce since 1994. Our objective is to help smaller businesses make sensible decisions about equipment investment, employee training, and subscriptions to electronic commerce services. [1] In 1995, a distributor of a data-over-copper-wire product came to our center and learned how to put up a Web page. Combining the World Wide Web's global reach with information about the manufacturer's approval as a supplier to the Army and their own less-than-book pricing, they were able to get orders from Army bases in Turkey, where previously their business had been limited to the Puget Sound area. Two years later, however, the distributor was somewhat disenchanted. Other distributors had followed their lead, leading to a price war that only stopped when the manufacturer intervened. The Army's electronic commerce initiative had served its purpose, lowering their average cost for this item by about 20 percent. The distributor had to retool his business to survive on lower margins, and was again differentiating himself from other distributors by offering rapid delivery, installation assistance, and so on.
1.3 Middlemen beyond the United States
This is an international conference, with representatives from all over the world. I have some personal knowledge of business practices in the European Union, South America, Israel, and Japan. I am well aware that what I don't know about how the world does business is much greater than what I do know. In this paper I have attempted to explain myself and use examples clearly enough so that those of you operating in different environments can recognize what applies and what does not.
2. There will always be a middleman
2.1 Human nature
As humans, we have developed a fairly standard response to conflicting pressures. When I am faced with the desire to make a deal, but fearful of being cheated, I seek out a mutually respected third party to assist in the transaction. Without some source of trusted assistance, the deal will not be made. By reducing the risk of the transaction, a trusted third party can increase the number of willing buyers as well as the number of willing sellers.
Fundamentally, middlemen absorb risk. In a slow, paper-based economy, they absorb currency foreign exchange risk. Where physical distance separates buyer and seller, they absorb transportation loss and damage risk. Where language and cultures differ, they absorb the risks of miscommunication and misunderstanding. Where buyer and seller are unknown to one another, they absorb the risk of bad intent. Unabsorbed, these risks reduce the number of willing buyers and willing sellers. With the middleman, these numbers increase, trade increases, and the compounding effects of the world economy generate benefits for all.
Vertical integration -- owning your sources of supply and of distribution -- was the historic alternative to middlemen. When the


text:
Eyes on low rainfall trend
As some may know, I do regular analysis of weather data provided by our weather agencies.
Farmers and gardeners may be interested to know where we are at heading towards summer.
The latest figures show Gisborne has now had five months in a row of below-average rainfall.
As at the end of September, rainfall for the year stood at just over 550mm — almost 350mm short of what Gisborne had received at the same time last year.
The rain total for September was just 38.5mm — about half the 30-year average of 73.5mm.
The daily climate maps produced by Niwa show a drier-than-normal area covering the Gisborne flats and coastal country up to Tolaga Bay.
However, soil moisture ?levels are still satisfactory and the current deficit is only around 50mm.
Temperature-wise, September broke the year's run of above-average temperatures, as a result of some chill southerly weather and cloudless nights.
Overall the monthly mean daily temperature was around 11.5 degrees — about half a degree cooler than usual. Not only was it the first month of the year to be below-average warmth, but it was also only the second month with below-average sunshine.
Despite the passing of the spring equinox, Gisborne's regular equinoctial northwesters have yet to kick in, apart from one five-day burst in mid-September.
The official outlook for the next three months is for rain, temperatures, soil moisture and river flows all to be about normal, but it would be wise to keep an eye on the year's ongoing low rainfall trend.


text:
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite/Fullerenol Nanocomposites
Authorized Users Only
Article (Published version)
MetadataShow full item record
Fullerenols are polyhydroxylated, water soluble derivatives of fullerene C60, with potential application in medicine as diagnostic agents, antioxidants or nano drug carriers. This paper describes synthesis and physical characterization of a new nanocomposite hydroxyapatite/fullerenol. Surface of the nanocomposite hydroxyapatite/fullerenol is inhomogeneous with the diameter of the particles in the range from 100 nm to 350 nm. The zeta potential of this nanocomposite is ten times lower when compared to hydroxyapatite. Surface phosphate groups of hydroxyapatite are prone to forming hydrogen bonds, when in close contact with hydroxyl groups, which could lead to formation of hydrogen bonds between hydroxyapatite and hydroxyl groups of fullerenol. The surface of hydroxyapatite particles (−2.5 mV) was modified by fullerenol particles, as confirmed by the obtained zeta potential value of the nanocomposite biomaterial hydroxyapatite/fullerenol (−25.0 mV).


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OBJECTIVE: Four experiments were conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of dynamic vibrotactile collision-warning signals in potentially enhancing safe driving. BACKGROUND: Auditory neuroscience research has demonstrated that auditory signals that move toward a person are more salient than those that move away. If this looming effect were found to extend to the tactile modality, then it could be utilized in the context of in-car warning signal design. METHOD: The effectiveness of various vibrotactile warning signals was assessed using a simulated car-following task. The vibrotactile warning signals consisted of dynamic toward-/away-from-torso cues (Experiment 1), dynamic versus static vibrotactile cues (Experiment 2), looming-intensityand constant-intensity-toward-torso cues (Experiment 3), and static cues presented on the hands or on the waist, having either a low or high vibration intensity (Experiment 4). RESULTS: Braking reaction times (BRTs) were significantly faster for toward-torso as compared to away-from-torso cues (Experiments 1 and 2) and static cues (Experiment 2). This difference could not have been attributed to differential responses to signals delivered to different body parts (i.e., the waist vs. hands; Experiment 4). Embedding a looming-intensity signal into the toward-torso signal did not result in any additional BRT benefits (Experiment 3). CONCLUSION: Dynamic vibrotactile cues that feel as though they are approaching the torso can be used to communicate information concerning external events, resulting in a significantly faster reaction time to potential collisions. APPLICATION: Dynamic vibrotactile warning signals that move toward the body offer great potential for the design of future in-car collision-warning system.
Original publication
Journal article
Hum Factors
Publication Date
329 - 346
break reaction time, car following, driving, front-to-rear-end collision, haptic, interface design, Accidents, Traffic, Adult, Automobile Driving, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Male, Reaction Time, Touch, Vibration, Young Adult


Hill descent control
What is hill descent control and how does it work?
Hill descent control is a driver-assistance system that enables a car – usually an SUV – to go down a hill off-road without the driver having to use the brakes. The vehicle descends using the anti-lock braking system (ABS) to control each wheel's speed. If the car speeds up – which happens naturally, thanks to gravity – the system automatically applies the brakes to slow the car down.
Related Jargon
How does anti-lock braking system work?
Anti-lock braking systems (known as ABS) automatically kick in when a car's wheels start to slip while braking.


text:
Two or more physical lines may be joined into logical lines using
backslash characters (
\), as follows: when a physical line ends
in a backslash that is not part of a string literal or comment, it is
joined with the following forming a single logical line, deleting the
backslash and the following end-of-line character. For example:
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The throng of the London Underground on a busy day is a phenomenon most Londoners fear.
And rightly so.
There are few people who want to spend their morning commute staring into the depths of someone else's armpit.
But which ones are the busiest?
TfL releases data detailing the annual entry and exit figures for all the stations, meaning we know the amount of journeys taken to and from each.
The latest available statistics are from 2017.
Here are the ten most used stations on the London Underground.
If you don't like crowds it might be wise to avoid these stations.
10. Paddington - 48.8 million journeys each year
Paddington Station is the tenth busiest on the London Underground line
Paddington is the first of many of London's key national rail stations on this top-ten list.
Millions of commuters get trains in from outside London each day and then catch the Underground for the last leg of their journey.
Paddington is the way into London for many parts of West London but also further afield in the Thames Valley region, West and South-West England and even South Wales.
9. Canary Wharf 50.9 - million journeys each year
Definitely not surprising for the hundreds of thousands of people who have to wade through the station every day but it might seem a little odd to people not familiar with it as its not a major national rail station.
Instead the throngs of people are getting themselves to the skyscrapers around Canary Wharf, one of London's major business districts.
8. Bank & Monument - 61.8 million journeys each year
Lombard Street entrance to Bank Tube station
Bank takes its name from the Bank of England, the heart of the City of London.
Every day people come from across South England to their high-flying jobs in the old institutions and shiny new skyscrapers in the area.
7. Stratford - 62 million journeys each year
For people travelling into London from Kent and East Anglia, Stratford is a key station.
From there people jump onto either the Jubilee Line to Canary Wharf and South London or Central Line into Bank and Central London.
Stratford has also seen some of the biggest levels of development in the last twenty years as the old industrial areas are regenerated.
6. Liverpool Street - 67.7 million journeys each year
It can get unimaginably busy at Liverpool Street sometimes
This is the main rail station in the City of London.
It is the end of the line for West Anglia Main Line trains from Cambridge, Great Eastern Main Line trains from Norwich, local and regional commuter trains from east London and the East of England, and Stansted Express services from Stansted Airport.
5. London Bridge 69.1 million journeys each year
London Bridge is one of the oldest stations in not only London but the world.
It serves people coming in from Kent and Sussex as well as sitting on the Thameslink line.
From London Bridge you can catch a Northern Line train up into the city or a Jubilee Line train to Canary Wharf.
4. Victoria - 79.4 million journeys each year
Crowds at the station
An important interchange between local bus routes, London's main coach station, the Circle, District and Victoria Lines, and regional trains.
Its not surprising such a busy hub is so high up on the list.
3. Oxford Circus - 84.1 million journeys each year
Along with Bank and Canary Wharf, Oxford Circus is one of the few London Underground stations on the list that isn't serving a major National Rail station.
Oxford Circus is the stop to get off for London's main shopping district. Most days of the year Oxford, Regent and Bond streets teem with shoppers and most of them are coming through Oxford Circus.
2. Waterloo - 91.3 million journeys each year
Waterloo's National Rail station is one of the busiest stations in the country so it follows that the Underground station sees extremely high traffic.
As well as being the busiest in the UK, Waterloo Station is the largest in terms of floor space and has the greatest number of platforms.
The Underground station is served by the Northern and Jubilee Lines.
1. King's Cross St Pancras - 97.9 million journeys each year
Passengers disembark from a Piccadilly Line train at King's Cross underground station
This London Underground station serves two major National Rail stations. St Pancras, which is the main international route into London, and Kings Cross, which is the terminus for various local and regional services.
Just to add a bit of chaos to the mix it is also the interchange for six Underground Lines.
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For comparison the least used station on the Tube network, Roding Valley, serves just 368,000 passengers a year. For every one person travelling through Roding Valley, 266 go through King's Cross St Pancras.


English to Bangla Meaning :: something
কিছু, কিছুটা, একটা-কিছু, একটা-কোন, কোন কিছু, কোন বস্তুকোনো কিছু, কোনো বস্তুএকটা-কিছু, একটা-কোন, কোন বস্তু
Something :
- কিছুকিছু
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Show English Meaning
Pronoun(1) a thing that is unspecified or unknown.(2) used in various expressions indicating that a description or amount being stated is not exact.
Adverb(1) used for emphasis with a following adjective functioning as an adverb.(2) to some extent; somewhat.
Show Examples
(1) grassland totaling something over three hundred acres(2) a wry look, something between amusement and regret(3) It must hurt something terrible.(4) that'll give her something to think about(5) well, that's something, anyway(6) If you want us to stop thinking of you that way, you could try going and being successful at something.(7) The biker then stopped and made several hand gestures and shouted something at me.(8) It was something that we were all terribly proud to be able to be associated with.(9) I'll go mad without something to do(10) there's something in what he said(11) he did something or other in the Civil Service(12) When you wait at the dentist's they at least provide you with something to read.(13) It filled him with a conviction that there is something terribly wrong with this world.(14) it's something of a mystery to me(15) it'll take something around ├ö├®┬╝1500(16) there were something like fifty applications
Related Words
(1) something else ::
(2) something like that ::
এরকম কিছু
(3) say something ::
কিছু বল
(4) something new ::
নতুন কিছু
(5) something like ::
কিছুটা এইরকম
(6) or something ::
অথবা অন্যকিছু
(7) something like this ::
এটার মতো কিছু
(8) something in the way ::
কিছু আসতেছে
(9) something to drink ::
কিছু পান করতে
1. something ::
2. any ::
3. somewhat ::
4. some ::
5. aught ::
কোন বস্তু
Different Forms
something, somethings
Word Example from TV Shows
Why else? Because he promised me
something I can\'t live without.
Why else? Because he promised me SOMETHING I can't live without.
Westworld Season 3, Episode 8
You are obviously angry with me
about something,
You are obviously angry with me about SOMETHING,
Breaking Bad Season 2, Episode 4
- Pick another game.
- Why don\'t we do something athletic?
- Pick another game. - Why don't we do SOMETHING athletic?
The Big Bang Theory Season 6, Episode 4
So, does this mean
I am a master of something now?
So, does this mean I am a master of SOMETHING now?
Game of Thrones Season 4, Episode 6
Damn, Ricky.
Leave something for the coroner.
Damn, Ricky. Leave SOMETHING for the coroner.
Breaking Bad Season 2, Episode 1
English to Bangla Dictionary: something
Meaning and definitions of something, translation in Bangla language for something with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of something in Bangla and in English language.
Tags for the entry "something"
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text:
Throughout 1999, the people of Saudi Arabia will be commemorating the
centennial of the recapture of Riyadh by King Abdul Aziz Ibn Abdul
Rahman Al-Saud, an event that led to the founding of the modern Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia. The official logo of the centennial appears above.
Celebrates the Centennial of a Historic Event
Over the past century, Saudi
Arabia has been transformed from a society which relied on rudimentary
agriculture and limited trade to one that is now a showcase of industry,
commerce, agro-industry, education, health and other areas of human
A Century of
buildings of old Jeddah are being preserved as part of the nation-wide
programs marking the centennial of the recapture of Riyadh by King Abdul
Aziz Ibn Abdul Rahman Al-Saud.
Jeddah's Historic Buildings
The King Fahd
University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) in Dhahran, an
internationally recognized institution offering technical and scientific
curricula, produces a cadre of Saudi professionals who help run the
country's rapidly growing petroleum and minerals industries.
KFUPM: A Jewel of a
University on Arabian Sands
Masmak Fortess in Riyadh


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The Reivers Quiz | Eight Week Quiz A
Purchase our The Reivers Lesson Plans
Eight Week Quiz A
Name: _____________________________ Period: ___________________________
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which city does Boon not mention?
(a) Jackson
(b) San Francisco
(c) Mobile
(d) New Orleans
2. Where does John keep his pistol?
(a) In his work jacket
(b) In his work bag
(c) In his locker
(d) In his desk
3. What does Boon say he needs on the way back from the station?
(a) Gas
(b) Coal
(c) Eggs
(d) Milk
4. In what drawer in his desk does father keep his pistol?
(a) The top drawer
(b) The bottom drawer
(c) The middle drawer
(d) The second drawer
5. What number train does the family have to catch?
(a) 23
(b) 27
(c) 30
(d) 25
Short Answer Questions
1. How much does Boon offer father?
2. How old is Lucius in the story?
3. What was the hotel called where Boon stayed?
4. How old was Boon when he arrived at the hunting camp?
5. What is Boon to Lucius' family
(see the answer key)
This section contains 137 words
(approx. 1 page at 300 words per page)
Purchase our The Reivers Lesson Plans
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There are a variety of ways to assign and set a SPBM Policy to a VM. I recently put out a workflow package for vRO to everything PowerCLI VVols and Pure:
vRealize Orchestrator VVol Workflow Package
I also specifically blogged about assigning a policy to a VM with vRO:
Assigning a VVol VM Storage Policy with vRO
How do you do this with PowerCLI?
Doing this in PowerCLI is fairly straight forward. There are a variety of cmdlets available that make this quite easy:
There are many more SPBM-related cmdlets, but for now let us focus on these.

Getting SPBM Configuration of a VM
The VM I want to assign a policy to is called "testvm". So I will store that in $vm:
What is the current configuration of my VM now from a SPBM standpoint? What policies are currently assigned? What is the compliance?
The Get-SpbmEntityConfiguration cmdlet will do this! There are two parts of a VM that can have policy assigned to it, the home (config VVol) and its virtual disks (data VVols). The Get-SpbmEntityConfiguration cmdlet will return the storage policy assigned to those objects and its compliance. The object is checks depends on what object you pass into it.
If you pass a VM object into it, it will check the SPBM configuration of the home directory only.
If you pass in a hard disk or multiple hard disks you will get those. So the get-harddisk cmdlet can do that.
Store that in a variable and pipe it into Get-SpbmEntityConfiguration, or just include the cmdlet directly in the line and pipe the result into it:
You can also pass in both at once:
The key is, be explicit with the objects you want to check.
So as you can see, my VM home has the policy of "VVol No Requirements Policy" and so do my two virtual disks.
Checking SPBM Compliance
One of the great benefits of SPBM and PowerCLI VVols is the ability to not only set configuration, but ensure that configuration is still properly applied. This can be achieved through compliance checks.
Running a compliance check is done through the Get-SpbmEntityConfiguration, just like above. There is just one eccentricity you should be aware of.
There is a parameter to the cmdlet called "CheckComplianceNow". When that is NOT added, the cmdlet will only return the latest compliance status. It does not actually check to see if the VM is still compliant.
If you add the CheckComplianceNow parameter, it will actually have vCenter ask the underlying array, is the storage still configured according to the assigned policy?
So my utterly profound thoughts:
 - If you just want to retrieve the storage policy of the object, leave off the compliance parameter–there is no need to add it.
 - If you want to check compliance, add it.
Pretty straight forward. The cmdlet does return the time stamp of the last compliance check if you need to know.
Getting SPBM Policies
You can list your storage policies like so:
If you want to filter by provider you can use the namespace parameter. So if I want to only find Pure Storage policies, you can use "com.purestorage.storage.policy":
One of my policies is called FlashArrayVVol and all it says is that any VM or virtual disk assigned to it should be VVol-based and on any given FlashArray.
I will store this in a variable called $policy:
You can see the policy rules in the AnyOfRuleSets property:
Assigning a SPBM Policy
My virtual machine home and its two virtual disks currently have the default PowerCLI VVol policy. I want to assign them a new policy.
This is done via the Set-SpbmEntityConfiguration command. It works in a very similar way as Get-SpbmEntityConfiguration.
The main difference, is you do not pass in the VM or harddisks directly, you pass in their storage policy result, which is yielded by the Get-SpbmEntityConfiguration.
So I would store the Get-SpbmEntityConfiguration result in a variable I will call $vmConfig:
The key here again, is specify the configuration of every object you want to change. List the VM config and each hard disk config you want to change. If it is not listed, it will not be changed.
So let's assign it a policy that just says, I want this VM to always be on VVol and a FlashArray. So the policy described in the previous section–"FlashArrayVVol" . My policy is still stored in $policy.
So I will pass my $vmConfig in and also my policy. You can pipe in the VM/harddisk configs, or add it with the configuration parameter.
PowerCLI
This will set the policy to the VM and/or disks and return the new status.
Assigning a SPBM Policy and Replication Group
The above assigns a standard PowerCLI VVol SPBM policy. But if you use a "replication" type policy, you also need to set a replication group (consistency group). For a FlashArray perspective, this means that you are using a VM storage policy that has either a local snapshot capability, or a replication capability.
In other words, the policy uses the namespace "com.purestorage.storage.replication"
PowerCLI
If I assign this policy, I need to also assign a replication group. From a FlashArray perspective, this is what we call a "protection group". It is a array consistency group that has a local snapshot policy and/or a replication policy.
Though you can't just assign any replication group–it has to be one that adheres to that policy.
This can be identified also fairly easily.
The policy I want to assign requires that my storage be configured with a local snapshot interval of 1 hour and a remote replication interval of 1 hour. I called this policy "1 hour rep one hour snap".
PowerCLI
I stored that in my $policy variable.
Next I can pipe that to the cmdlet get-spbmreplicationpolicy. This will return all replication groups that are compliant with that policy.
PowerCLI
I will then store the result in $repGroups. I can now assign this to my VM. Using the same method as the previous section, but adding the replication group. I want to add it to my "gold" group, so I will pass only that in by indexing to that part of the variable $repGroups ($repGroups[0])
PowerCLI
I can now assign the policy and the replication group:
PowerCLI
We can see in the vSphere Web Client that the VM is fully configured with the policy and the replication group:
PowerCLI
If we look at the array itself, we can see the corresponding volumes are in the FlashArray protection group with a 1 hour replication policy and a 1 hour snapshot policy
PowerCLI
That's it for the first post! I will be digging into a lot more with PowerCLI and SPBM and VVols quite soon. Stay tuned.


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Workload, Fatigue Management, and Pain - Part 1
Updated: Sep 26, 2022
Introduction
On any given day here at Driveline, I will be approached by a handful of athletes who are dealing with some form of pain or discomfort. My primary job is to guide these athletes in how to manage and resolve their current problems while still training hard day after day. The fact of the matter is that Performance ≠ Health. When you are training to elevate your skill set in order to play at a higher level, you run the risk of encountering periods of pain or even injury. But, you can't play if you're hurt and the key to a successful training program isn't the exact exercise selection or methodology. It's having a strategy to monitor and finely tune the necessary variables in order to push the performance needle forward while managing workload appropriately to ensure you get to see the fruits of your labor.
Acute vs. Chronic Workload
Definition
In order to discuss the topic of workload management, we must define it. When discussing workload, we are referring to imposed stress and primarily talking in terms of Acute vs. Chronic workload. An important distinction to be made is that there is no specific span of time when discussing workload spikes in the context of pain and injury. Acute workload is always discussed in reference to the Chronic time frame. Acute could be in reference to one day in a week, a week within a month, or even one "bad" rep out of a day's work that stressed a tissue beyond its current capabilities.
A Necessary Foundation
Similar to how injury rates are at their highest at the start of spring training, we see an increase in problems within the first few weeks of an athlete's stay due to a spike in daily workload. While we try to educate athletes on how to prepare for the demands of training before they arrive, we can only control so many variables before they step through our doors. It is these spikes in acute workload that exceed what the athlete has been chronically exposed to that often leads them down the path of experiencing some form of pain.
The body may be a resilient adaptation machine, but it takes time to adapt. This is where training progressions come into play in both the weight room and on the skill development side. Hopefully, athletes come prepared to train but if an athlete is under-trained or lacks exposure to certain stimuli, such as weighted balls or a consistent lifting routine, we have to take time to establish a base workload tolerance. An ideal strategy is to establish a high volume of work at submaximal intensities. From there, the periodization is primarily linear where the volume will decrease slightly as intensity increases over time. Once we have an athlete accustomed to handling a solid workload on both sides, then we start the balancing act as we drive them towards higher outputs. However, an obstacle that sometimes rears its ugly head in the process of improving the body's tolerance to high stress, is pain.
Let's Talk About Pain
An important perspective to have when it comes to managing these athletes is to understand pain, and for this section I am going to stand on the shoulders of some pain science giants, David Butler and Lorimer Mosely and their book Explain Pain.
In the early stages, pain is an alarm system that's worth paying attention to. Pain is extremely complex, multifactorial and sometimes downright confusing. In the context of this discussion, pain can be a warning that the body is experiencing a significantly greater amount of stress than it has been exposed to previously and to proceed with caution.
You can think about this alarm system in terms of having a threshold that has to be crossed before it is set off, and your chronic workload as what establishes that threshold. In many instances, an athlete experiences pain when their acute workload exceeds this threshold. It doesn't mean they've injured themselves, but it may have triggered an inflammatory response in a tissue that wasn't prepared for the stress it is now experiencing.
Think of the last time you did something highly active and abnormal from your daily life, like going on a massive hike because it's the first day of warm weather after snow season, and then your knee being puffy and bothering you the next couple days. You didn't "injure" your knee, but it's definitely telling you to back off and that threshold for pain is now more sensitive than it was previously. This threshold is dynamic, and it can increase in order to allow the body to tolerate more stress before it is set off, but this takes time and repeat exposure to training that is within the threshold's limit. Chronic pain and subsequent injury occurs when athletes, or coaches, don't respect this warning and continue to blow past it day after day.
Physical stress is not the only consideration when addressing this issue. Stress is stress and everything counts from the physical, psychosocial, and occupational domains. While this less so applies in our setting, it may apply more in yours. For example, it has been demonstrated in D1 football athletes that injury rates are doubled during periods of high academic stress. You have to respect all additional variables from school and work to playing games to relationship trouble and do your best to manage the variables you can control like promoting sleep habits, quality nutrition, and modifying training demands appropriately.
Conclusion
Hopefully this brief dive into workload and pain response provides a more holistic lens to view your athletes through. If you want a deeper dive into any of these topics, I recommend surfing through the links throughout the article. In part 2, we will discuss more specifically the application of these principles in the day-to-day management of our athletes.
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text:
The State Initiative for the Development of Scientific and Economic Excellence (LOEWE) is the central research funding programme of the State of Hessen. In the 11th funding season, a new LOEWE centre and five new LOEWE priority programmes will now receive 46.3 million euros in funding over the next four years. The department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology at TU Darmstadt is also involved in two of the five priority programmes.
Functional materials for energy storage
The new LOEWE priority programme „FLAME – Fermi Level Engineering Antiferroelectric Materials for Energy Storage and Insulators" investigates how the properties of functional materials can be adjusted via their electronic structure. The programme is coordinated by Prof. Andreas Klein from the Surface Science research group. Twelve working groups from the departments of Materials and Earth Sciences, Chemistry, and Electrical Engineering and Information Technology will develop functional materials for capacitors with high energy and power density, for example. The etit department will be represented in the new LOEWE priority programmes with the High Voltage Technology research group under the direction of Prof. Volker Hinrichsen.
Nature conservation through digital networking
The new LOEWE priority programme „Natur 4.0 – Comprehensive nature conservation monitoring through networked sensor technology and integrative data analysis" is located at the Philipps-Universität Marburg. In this priority programme, research will be conducted into how nature conservation can be made more efficient. The researchers are developing new methods for nationwide nature conservation monitoring. With the help of remote sensing and environmental sensors, nature conservation is to become more cost-effective. A more differentiated observation of nature conservation-relevant areas is also to be achieved. The department etit is involved in the new LOEWE priority programme Natur 4.0 with the research group Multimedia Communication under the direction of Prof. Ralf Steinmetz.