text:
Semerey Bohdan — аspirant Interregional Academy of Personnel Management (Ukraine)
Reorganization of the internal Affairs bodies implies a profound transformation concerning the essence and activities of the police, the updating of the content of her work. The cornerstone erected by the rights and freedoms of citizens. Their protection and respect should be the main goal of the police is the population to assess the reliability and efficiency of its activities on the essence and principles of the National police of Ukraine.
Reorganizarea Poliţiei naţionale implică schimbări profunde în ceea ce priveşte natura şi activitatea poliţiei, actualizarea conţinutul activităţii sale, dreptului administrativ, legislaţiei. O atenţie sporită se acordă drepturilor şi libertăţilor cetăţenilor. Protecţia şi respectarea acestora ar trebui să fie scopul principal al poliţiei, şi anume populaţia va evalua fiabilitatea şi eficacitatea activităţilor sale în conformitate cu conţinutul şi principiile tipurilor de activităţi ale Poliţiei Naţionale a Ucrainei.
Реорганізація Національної поліції передбачає глибокі перетворення, що стосуються сутності та діяльності поліції, оновлення змісту її роботи. У главу кута зведені права і свободи громадян. Їх захист та дотримання повинні бути основною метою поліції, саме населення буде оцінювати надійність та ефективність її діяльності щодо сутності та видів засад діяльності Національної поліції України.
Statement of the problem. In Ukraine, far-reaching reforms in various spheres of society and state, including law enforcement. Created and formulated legislative base of reforms, has consistently strengthened and improved the legal bases of public-political life. Implemented currently, the reform of the interior Ministry of Ukraine is another critical step to the modernization of the country and its public administration, its main goal is the creation of a modern and efficient law enforcement system in Ukraine.
In the law of Ukraine dated 2 November 2015 Ukraine "On the National police" [1, p. 12]. the basic principles of policing. The police can create their own databases required to ensure the daily activities of the bodies (institutions, agencies) police in the field of labor, financial, administrative relations, relations, document management, and interagency information and analytical systems necessary to perform the mandates assigned to it. However, there are no principles that define the framework for implementation of information-analytical activities of the police: the formation of databases within the unified information system of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Ukraine; the use of databases (banks) data of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Ukraine and other public authorities; information retrieval and information-analytical work, information interaction with other state authorities of Ukraine, law enforcement agencies of foreign States and international organizations. We believe that this problem requires further research and more comprehensive principles of the National police of Ukraine.
The purpose of this paper is the development of the law of Ukraine on principles governing the activities of the National police of Ukraine.
Presentation of the basic material. The essence of organizational-legal principles of activities of the National police of Ukraine is divided into the basic principles and the principles of formation and functioning of the respective parts (institutions) [6, p. 67]. To include basic principles of regulation of relations between the society and the Executive authorities, which reveal the nature of the formation and functioning of administrative law, emphasizing its place and role in the legal system. The regulatory principles of relations between society and Executive authorities include: Ministry of state administration of society and the individual; the limited interference of Executive bodies in civil and personal life of a person; the fullness of the rights and freedoms of citizens in the legal and administrative area; mutual responsibility; the minimum required powers of bodies of state Executive power; the optimal addition and balancing of state powers of Executive authorities with powers of self-government.
The principle of service to society and the individual. It defines the basic social importance of administrative law, defining the system goals. If the interests of individual citizens do not fully coincide with the development of society, the activities of the National police administrative law is designed to ensure the priority of national interests, however, so that personal needs do not get ignored, and the maximum were taken into account. Fair administrative law is not compatible with any deviation from the law, principles of humanism and democracy. Summarized, the principle is expressed in the number of laws of Ukraine, where the Executive power is directly assigned respective responsibilities. Thus, according to article 5 of the Law of Ukraine "On freedom of conscience and religious organizations" [7, p. 181], the state protects the rights and lawful interests of religious organizations; promotes establishment of relations of mutual ideological tolerance and respect between citizens of a particular faith.
The limitations of intervention in civil and personal life of a person. The essence of this principle lies in the natural setting of the limits to the intervention of public authorities in relevant activities, is dictated by the existing historical conditions, by the interests of the Ukrainian people and then it is intervention is not needed because no serious needs, it binds to the mechanisms of social regulation, disrupts the normal processes in society, and reduces the effectiveness of the Executive. This principle of organization and activities of the National police administrative law finds the corresponding reflection of that intervention in economic and other activities of the company from the state bodies is not allowed except the cases stipulated by the legislation. The fullness of the rights and freedoms of citizens. This principle means giving citizens the greatest possible wide range of relevant rights and freedoms is really a new level and protection of their interests. Legislative administrative legal practice will have to go through further detail the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, creation of special laws regulating the relations of citizens and relevant government agencies.
The rights and freedoms of citizens – is the sphere of regulation of social relations, where the limit of validity of the provisions of the law should be clearly obmezhenoyu. The second aspect of this principle is that a citizen has at its discretion the right to contact any Executive authority, and the latter is obliged to give him a comprehensive answer. Therefore, the rules of administrative law should consolidate the respective responsibilities of state Executive bodies. The principle of mutual responsible. This principle reveals the particular complex relationship between the apparatus of the government, its civil servants and personality. Today the value of discipline and personal responsibility of the employees increases significantly.
Non-compliance with the established requirements and rules turns society and humans are not only material damage but also serious social and moral losses. As for citizens, they also need to be responsible to society and the state. The minimum required powers of bodies of state Executive power. The implementation of this principle is ensured by the fact that the administrative law is intended to establish the minimum required powers of bodies of state Executive power. The Executive has, firstly, limited to total control, and secondly, the one-sided power of decision in all possible cases should be changed or be combined with the contractual form of relationship between state Executive bodies and members of society. The optimal addition and balancing of state powers of Executive authorities the powers of local authorities. The essence of this principle is to provide local authorities the maximum possible freedom in fixing, for example the right to challenge decisions taken by public authorities in subordination order or in court, to participate directly in public policy (initiative in law-making, proposal, submission and the like).
In the aspect of formation and functioning of administrative laws procedural content must be based on such principles like: protection of rights and interests of the individual and the state; publicity (official) production; transparency in the proceedings on administrative violations; equality before the law; the implementation of the national language; responsibility of officers for improper conduct of the proceedings in those cases. Each of these procedural principles is specified in the corresponding administrative and procedural activities.
The law "On police" among the fundamental principles of police work include openness and publicity of its activities. Article 8 of the Law "On police" defines the activity open to the whole society. Despite the special significance and highlighting the principle of openness and publicity in a separate article of the Law "On police", it is not the definition of "openness" and "publicity", which may lead to misunderstanding and difficulties in the development of measures for the realization of the principle activities of the police. The very appearance of this principle in the legislation is an innovation.
In the explanatory dictionary Ephraim T. F. "openness" is defined as honesty, truthfulness, trustfulness, and "publicity" is revealed through the concept of "public" used in two meanings: 1) done, occurring in the presence of the public, people; open; 2) designed for public companies, in their possession; public. 2) designed for public companies, in their possession;
In the dictionary S. I. Ozhegov, the word "open" means sincere, Frank, expressing honesty, the "public" is carried out in the presence of the public, outdoor.
In the dictionary of modern concepts and terms under openness refers to the awareness of key decision-making, freedom of belief, choice of country and place of residence, lack of censorship, etc..
Part 1 article 9 of the Law On police defines the police as open to the public, but not infinite, and only to the extent not inconsistent with the requirements of the legislation of Ukraine on criminal proceedings, proceedings on administrative offences, on operative-investigative activities, on the protection of state and other secrets protected by law, and does not violate the rights


text:
In her enchanting poem sequence, Doris Davenport introduces readers to Soque Street and its "Affrilacian" residents. These African Americans inhabiting an Appalachian community in northeast Georgia live in a world where magic threads daily life and the living and dead commingle. Ghosts, self-propelled caskets, and sensate trees are as natural as morning glories to these characters, who are at once eccentric and universal, peculiar and welcoming.
Spoken in intersecting and overlapping monologues, the poems create a refreshing portrait of small-town life, with its mix of quotidian concerns and the larger experiences of love, passion, grief, jealousy, and madness. The story of Soque Street moves from voice to voice and through poetic forms with ease and confidence. Sometimes frightening, often funny, and always compelling and potent, Madness like Morning Glories is a major achievement by a poet of tremendous originality who possesses an intuition for the subtle secrets of language.
Soque is a Cherokee word turned Black on the Hill
across the railroad track, in Appalachian foothills where
madness like morning glories took over everyone trying to be
insane and acceptable all the time and all the while, hainted.
Two rows of houses along the railroad track
Mr. Oscar Wise, the Peanut Man, and his family
still there in the air and honeysuckles, hainted.
Mack, our cousin, said he saw a casket roll down Soque,
Stop in front of 103 and roll back up the hill again.
—from "Ceremony for 103 Soque Street"
Found an Error? Tell us about it.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Kay F. Jahnke _kfj@yahoo....
Wed Nov 9 03:16:12 CST 2011
Hi group!
in brief: I'm looking for an efficient way to evaluate B-splines generated by
scipy.signal.cspline2d() at arbitrary float coordinates to interpolate image
I am doing image processing and need a method to interpolate an image at
arbitrary float coordinates. Scipy.signal kindly provides a fast and efficient
routine to calculate spline coefficients, but the module seems not to adress
using this spline for interpolation.
I have written some code to calculate the interpolated value at arbitrary
positions, but this code is cumbersome and slow - I have to calculate the
value of the basis function 8 times (I suspect that takes a good while using
signal.bspline(), haven't done any measurements), plus a fair bit of matrix
manipulation to pick the relevant window of spline coefficients to multiply
with the basis function values - my code (without any frills or checks,
just to convey the basic idea) looks like this:
# assume the spline coefficients are in a 2D array 'cf'
# and (x,y) is the position to interpolate at
def cf_matrix ( cf, x, y ) :
 return cf [ x - 1 : x + 3, y - 1 : y + 3 ]
def base_matrix ( x, y ) :
 x0 = x - floor ( x )
 y0 = y - floor ( y )
 rng = arange ( 1, -3, -1 )
 xv = rng + x0
 yv = rng + y0
 xb = signal.bspline ( xv, 3 )
 yb = signal.bspline ( yv, 3 )
 xx, yy = meshgrid ( xb, yb )
 return xx * yy
def interpolate ( cf, x, y ) :
 m = cf_matrix ( cf, x, y )
 b = base_matrix ( x, y )
 return sum ( m * b )
obviously this is fine to use for a few hundred points or so, but for real
images it's not practical.
In Scipy.interpolate, there is scipy.interpolate.bisplev() to evaluate the
splines generated by scipy.interpolate.bisplrep(), but these splines are of
the more general form with arbitraryly spaced knot points, therefore the
relevant data structures contain the knot vectors, and I assume that all sorts
of performance gains that could be derived from the fact that the splines from
the signal package are using equally-spaced samples are inapplicable in the
general case.
I'd appreciate suggestions on how to proceed or hints at what I'm missing.
More information about the SciPy-User mailing list


MultiMarkdown footnotes in TextMate
Earlier this week, there was a thread on the TextMate mailing list about creating footnotes in text files. It was suggested that MultiMarkdown had a good footnote implementation and that my reference link macro/command/snippet system could be modified to make MultiMarkdown footnotes. As I was going to be spending some downtime this week flying and sitting in airports, I told the list I'd work it out and get back to them. So, thanks to a couple-hour delay at O'Hare, here it is.
The MultiMarkdown way of making footnotes follows the method described in this Markdown mailing list thread. It is apparently the format favored by John Gruber when he writes his Daring Fireball posts even though it hasn't made its way into his version of Markdown yet. Basically, you stick [^x] at the point you want the footnote marker to appear, and [^x]: footnote text at the bottom of the document. The "x" between the square brackets can be any string of characters. The format is basically the same as that for reference-style links, but with the addition of the caret character (^), which cleverly suggests the superscript commonly used for footnote markers.
As with the reference-style link system, the footnote-making system consists of a command that inserts a snippet and a macro that calls the command.
First, we create a new command called "Footnote" in the Markdown category of the Bundle editor and insert the following Perl code:
use List::Util qw(max);
$text = $text. "\n" unless substr($text, -1) eq "\n";
# Get the highest-numbered footnote.
_USER_ = $text =~ /^\[\^fn(\d+)\]: /mg;
$n = max(_USER_) + 1;
# Escape special characters.
$text =~ s/([\$\\'])/\\$1/g;
# Insert the snippet.
print '[^${1:fn'. $n. '}]$0'.
 $text. '[^$1]: ${2:footnote}'. "\n\n";
This command assumes that all the text is selected from the point at which the footnote marker is to appear to the end of the file (that's the $ENV{'TM_SELECTED_TEXT} part). Your Bundle Editor window should look like this:
(Click on the screenshot to see it full-sized.)
We now create a macro that makes that selection and calls the command. Start with a file that has some text and a couple of blank lines at the end. Then:
 1. Put the caret somewhere in the text. (At this point it doesn't really matter where, but to get a feel of how the macro will work, you'll probably want to put it where you want the footnote marker to appear.)
 2. Choose Start Macro Recording from the Automation menu.
 3. Press Command-Shift-Downarrow to select all the text from the caret to the end of the document.
 4. Invoke the Footnote command by choosing it from the little gear-like popup menu along the bottom of the TextMate window.
 5. Choose Stop Macro Recording from the Automation menu.
 6. Click anywhere in the document to deselect the footnote marker and interrupt the snippet.
 7. Press Command-Z to undo the snippet.
At this point, it's probably best to test out the macro a few times by choosing Replay Scratch Macro from the Automation menu. When you're convinced it's working, choose Save Scratch Macro… from the Automation menu and save it with the name "Footnote" in the Markdown section. Use whatever Tab Trigger or Key Equivalent you like (I chose a Key Equivalent of Control-F) and set the Scope Selector to "text.html.markdown." Your Bundle Editor window should now look like this:
To use the macro, put the caret where you want the footnote marker to appear and invoke the macro. The footnote marker, [^fn1], will appear at the caret position with the "fn1" selected and [^fn1]: footnote will appear at the bottom of the document. You can now type a new marker or just hit the Tab key to change the selection to the "footnote" text. When you're done changing the footnote text another press of the Tab key will move the caret back to the end of the footnote marker. If you left the footnote marker as "fn1," the next time you invoke the macro, the marker will be "fn2," and the time after that it will be "fn3," and so on. Please note that, as with the leading number in ordered list items, the number in your marker may not be the number that shows up in the HTML output.
There are two oddities you may be wondering about:
 1. Why [^fn1] and [^fn2] instead of just [^1] and [^2]?
 2. Why is there a blank line after each footnote?
The simple answer to both these questions is that MultiMarkdown won't work otherwise. I haven't looked into the code to see why, but MultiMarkdown doesn't recognize footnote markers with just a single digit after the caret. And it also gets confused by multiple footnotes unless they're separated by a blank line. My first thought is that restrictions are bugs in the implementation, but maybe there's a good reason for them.
One more thing. If you start using footnotes and processing them through MultiMarkdown, you'll soon find you need to create a "footnote" class in your CSS stylesheet. Otherwise, the footnote numbers will not be superscripted. And you'll have to create a "reversefootnote" class if you want the footnotes themselves to have a different style (e.g., a smaller font size) than the regular body text.
Happy footnoting!


Starter Page
Priming & Capping: Part 1
 1. Calculate the amount of sugar needed, if not provided in a kit. Use the fermentation temp.
 1. Tasty Brew Priming Calculator
 2. Boil 1-2 cups of water.
 3. Stir in the priming sugar.
 4. Cover the pan until ready to add to the bottling bucket.
Transfer and Final gravity measurement
Transfer from secondary to bottling bucket. Be careful not to agitate the gelatin on the bottom and try to limit the exposure to oxygen. Take a final gravity sample.
 1. Place the straining bag over the output of auto-siphon.
 2. Gently transfer the beer from the fermenter to the bottling bucket.
 3. Place the thermometer and the hydrometer in the bucket.
 4. Spin the hydrometer to get any bubbles of of it.
 5. Take a final gravity (FG) measurement.
 6. Record the temperature.
 8. Calculate the alcohol percentage.
 1. I've added the formulas to my excel sheet (see the link at the top).
 2. Otherwise, I use an app (ABV Calculator for android) so I don't have to worry about the formulas.
Priming & Capping: Part 2
The priming sugar will throw off any hydrometer reading. Make sure you are done before proceeding.
 1. Add the priming sugar to the bottling bucket.
 2. Gently stir to beer to mix in the priming sugar well.
 3. Bottle and cap.
 4. Print out labels and attach them.
 5. Leave at 70 degrees in a dark area.
Day 56+: Drinking Time
The time to bottle conditioning varies quite a bit, but the "normal" way is to wait at least 3 weeks. Its said that the long the better the beer will turn out, but I imagine just like secondary fermentation this varies with the beer.
Dilbert Cartoon
 1. (11/13/2013) Initial Post.
 2. (12/3/2013) Adding a second cold crash prior to adding the gelatin as this makes the gelatin more effective.
 3. (12/5/2013) Added my spreadsheet that follows my brewing plan.
 4. (12/30/2013) Added making a yeast starter to my process.
 5. (1/3/2013) Added squeezing the steeping bag and placing yeast starter in water.
 6. (3/9/2014) Changed how I do gelatin, Updated dry hopping now that I've done it once, days for completion.
 7. (4/17/2014) Several updates all around for a slightly more refined process.
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text:
Eliminating the photographer
Photographing artwork is a subjective business. The photographer has to make aesthetic decisions on lighting and the angle from which the picture is taken, based on his or her aesthetic instincts. But accurate representations of paintings and sculptures are important for scholars, collectors and other art lovers who view them in books, museum archives and on websites.
To get around the problem of subjective photography, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation has awarded a grant of $855,000 to the Rochester Institute of Technology and the colour scientist Roy Berns. The scientists will use maths to build a system that photographers can use in situ to eliminate subjective decisions.
The main part of the project will be to build an instrument that can capture information about an object's geometry and colour and measure how these depend on lighting. This involves reducing the painting or sculpture to its most basic optical blueprint, and stripping it of any attributes that are down to subjective perception. Additional instruments that can gather information on the gallery's shape will also be developed later on in the project. Using mathematical models from computer graphics software, the piece of art can then be rendered as it is when viewed in real life, bypassing any input of the photographer.
You can find out more in the RIT press release.
posted by Plus @ 1:29 PM


The text below is provided "AS IS", without any responsibilities attached to it. It represents author's personal opinion and knowledge, and does not necessarily reflect recommended best practices of Microsoft. Author does not assume any responsibility caused by the use of the following information.
If you create a Delegate around a function protected by security Demand, and then somebody invokes that Delegate, the following Security checks will happen in that simple scenario:
1. At Delegate creation time, LinkDemands on method passed to delegate constructor ["Target"] are evaluated against grant set of creating assembly ["Creator"]. If they fail, Security exception is thrown.
2. At Delegate creation time, various pieces of Security-related Assembly identity of the Creator are captured and stored in the Delegate.
3. At Delegate invocation time:
3.1. Creator's identity is evaluated to produce the grant set of the Creator.
 3.2. Permission set demanded by the Target is compared to Creator's grant set. If it's found to be not a subset of that grant, Security Exception is thrown.
 3.3. Normal Demand against Delegate caller is initiated. If it fails, Security exception is thrown, too.
These Security checks can be viewed in a simpler form: when an assembly creates a delegate to a method in another assembly, this is treated as though it created the delegate to a method in its own assembly which in turn called out to the other assembly. This guarantees that the code creating the delegate is always seen in any Security stack walks that take place while executing code called through the delegate.
Steps 2, 3.1, and 3.2 are marked with bold green because they are new as compared to.NET 1.0 and 1.1. Before 2.0, there was no Security check against Delegate Creator performed at invocation time.
Why this change has been made? The short answer is: to enable easy implementation of secure coding practices around Delegates. And if you want the longer story, here it is with some extra details.
The model which existed in 1.x times permitted untrusted code to create Delegates around virtually any code, and then to inject them into other fully trusted code, staying at the same time outside of the Security checks. At some cases, this is dangerous, since it potentially allows low-trusted code to trick higher trusted one into calling other highly trusted methods which it did not intend to invoke. While this usually does not cause Security holes per se if proper mitigating techniques are used, it certainly makes difficult to implement good Security solution in scenarios where Delegates are involved.
Consider the following pattern [note that it will work only in 1.0 or 1.1] which shows how easy it was to accidentally introduce Security issue in 1.x if some specific guidelines [explained below] were not followed:
1. SystemLib is a highly trusted library exposing methods that could be potentially dangerous if all callers are allowed to invoke them. It could be one of existing.NET APIs, or some third party plug-in which performs low-level system actions, etc. Full Trust is required to call methods of this library; for that reason, they are protected by proper Demands:
public class SystemLib
 // It has the Declarative form of protection:
 [method:PermissionSetAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted = true)]
 public static void DoDangerousThing()
 // Restarts the computer, or erases system files, etc.
Then you, as a developer, define in your code the following highly trusted classes:
2.1. Assembly B is fully trusted but accepting delegates from the low-trust side. This does not represent ideal Security practices, but sometimes is needed:
public delegate void BDelegate();
public class B
 public event BDelegate mOnButtonClick;
 // This is the method called by other classes to notify B that it's time to execute its' delegates:
 public void RunEVentDelegates()
 // We can even add an extra Security check to this place, just to ensure
 // that only fully trusted callers invoke mOnButtonClick() code:
 (new PermissionSet(PermissionState.Unrestricted)).Demand();
 if (null!= mOnButtonClick) mOnButtonClick();
2.2. Assembly C is simply the caller of B, and it is highly trusted, too. This can be the code of yours, or of somebody else, doesn't matter.
public class C
 public static void PingB(B pB)
At this point, everything looks safe. System method DoDangerousThing has Security Demand on it, so only fully trusted callers can invoke it. RunEventDelegates is protected by Demand, too. It seems like nobody without Full Trust grant can do anything bad. Unfortunately, that's not enough. A smart attacker can create a code which will trick one part of your [highly trusted] code to call into another fully trusted code -- by manipulating Delegates:
Evil assembly has low trust. It wants to invoke the method SystemLib::DoDangerousThing(), but can't since it does not have required permissions. So it takes different approach: it creates a delegate around desired System code, passes it for storage to highly trusted class B and then waits 'till highly trusted class C fires the event that would invoke the delegate.
public class Evil
 public static void Main()
 // Here we create B explicitly for demo purposes. In real life it is possible that
 // an existing instance of B will be accessible for Evil:
 B mB = new B();
 // Then Evil "infects" class B with the system method:
 mB.mOnButtonClick += new BDelegate(L.DoDangerousThing);
Evil's job is done at this point. Now it just wait's 'till something happens what will make C to call B.RunEventDelegates, which in turn will call into SystemLib.DoDangerousThing(). At the moment of the call, Security Demand will be initiated. However, it will check only B and C classes, not the Evil one, and the call will succeed, resulting in computer restart, or in whatever DoDangerousThing was programmed to do.
This looks scary, and may represent one of the common coding mistakes in 1.x.NET. What can you do to ensure your code doesn't fall a victim of Delegates injection attack described above?
In order to exploit the aforementioned scenario, Evil code needs to enjoy the coincidence of three quite unlikely conditions. If you deprive it of one [or better all] of them, it won't succeed. What are those conditions?
First, Evil needs to be able to link to dangerous System method, in order to pass it to the Delegate constructor. So if DoDangerousThing is protected by a LinkDemand, Evil will not be able to access it directly and very likely won't be able to access it at all. This protection corresponds to Step 1 of Security checks outlined at the beginning of this post.
OK, this may work if you own SystemLib class and can modify it accordingly, but what if not?
The second and very important is that Evil code needs to find a publicly exposed Event with the signature exactly matching the signature of the System function. In the example above that was easy: DoDangerousThing was "void (void)" function, as well as mOnButtonClick event. If you change the signature of your Event and BDelegate to accept and/or return the instance of privately defined class, it will never match any system's code function. Therefore, such function won't be able to be passed as an argument for Delegate creation, and attack will fail.
Overall, if you work with highly trusted publicly accessible Delegates/Events in 1.x, it is critical that their signatures are unique, so they can't accept anything which it not explicitly designed to match them.
This rule applies to.NET 1.x itself. A big effort was made to ensure that all publicly exposed events of powerful.NET code have unique signatures. As an example, take a look at the AssemblyLoad Event of System.AppDomain class. Its' signature is
public delegate void AssemblyLoadEventHandler(
 object sender,
 AssemblyLoadEventArgs args
-- which is quite impossible to wrap around something like void File.Delete(string).
Finally, Evil code needs the Event to be accessible, too. So if you can put a Demand or LinkDemand on the Events of your class, it should prevent low-trusted code from adding Delegates to them.
The above seems like enough protection. Then why Secure Delegates were introduced?
The primary reason was the relaxation of Delegate signatures matching rules. In 2.0, you can create a Delegate over method with signature not strictly the same as the Delegate's one. Some restrictions [which I won't list here as being not really an expert in the area] still apply there, but the resulting effect is that now everyone can create Delegates over much broader set of targets than before. This significantly reduces the protection offered by rule #2. To compensate on that, Delegates Security was added to the game, so people are still able to create secure and robust Delegates solutions in easy and straightforward manner. Thus now, when every Delegate Creator is automatically put on the Security stack and checked against target method Security requirements, you don't need to worry about injection attack..NET will do the checks.
As a final note please keep in mind that if Delegate creator and caller live in the same assembly no Security checks are applied against Delegate creator at calling time. This is reasonable, since in this situation Creator most likely can invoke the target method directly without bothering with Delegates.


Readers ask: What is the state tree of vermont?
What is the state fish of Vermont?
Светлопёрый судак Американская палия Вермонт / Рыба-символ штата Vermont named two official state fish by Joint Resolution of the Vermont General Assembly in 1978 and statute in 2011: the cold-water fish, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and the warm-water fish, the walleye (Sander vitreous vitreous). The state tree is the sugar maple (Acer saccharum), effective in 1949.
What is the Vermont state animal?
Does Vermont have maple trees?
Maple is the flavor of Vermont. For centuries the settlers here have harvested sap each spring from maple trees on hillsides and boiled it down to maple syrup or sugar.
Which state is the Maple state?
State federal district or territory State tree Binomial nomenclature
New Jersey Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra
New Mexico Piñon Pine Pinus edulis
New York Sugar Maple Acer saccharum
North Carolina Pine Pinus
Are there salmon in Vermont?
Landlocked Atlantic salmon can be found in several of Vermont's cold, clear and well-oxygenated lakes including Lake Dunmore, Lake Champlain and Lake Memphramagog. Other salmon fisheries include Lake Willoughby, Seymour Lake and Harriman Reservoir.
What is a fun fact about Vermont?
Are there pine trees in Vermont?
Eastern White Pine Eastern white pines are a common conifer—or evergreen tree—in Vermont. They can grow very tall, which makes a safe nesting site for birds, including bald eagles. Eastern white pines have five needles per cluster.
You might be interested: FAQ: How can i check my rental history?
What is Vermont's state nickname?
What is the most common tree in America?
What states have sugar maple trees?
The sugar maple is the state tree of the US states of New York, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
What are the 50 state trees?
State Trees Alabama. Southern Longleaf Pine. Sitka Spruce. Palo Verde. Pine. California Redwood. Colorado Blue Spruce. The Charter Oak. Scarlet Oak.
4 months ago
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text:
Looking for the Next American Hyrax? Thursday, June 28, 2012
Audience-loving animals express multiple traits through their songs, say TAU researchers
If popular karaoke bars and the long audition lines for American Idol demonstrate anything, it's that people like to express themselves through song — and the bigger the audience, the better. Now researchers at Tel Aviv University have found the same trait in small, rodent-like mammals called hyraxes, indigenous to Africa and the Middle East.
According to Prof. Eli Geffen and PhD candidate Amiyaal Ilany of TAU's Department of Zoology, hyrax vocalizations or "songs" go a long way towards communicating the singer's unique identity. Each one has unique songs that communicate a variety of information such as the singer's age, social rank, hormone levels, and size. And preliminary data suggests that the hyraxes prefer to sing when they have a more alert audience, taking the opportunity to promote themselves.
Understanding the function of the hyrax song will shed new light on animal communications, says Prof. Geffen, who notes that while birds are well known in the animal kingdom for singing, more complex vocalizations are rare in mammals. It's a model for learning how animals emit and receive signals, and what they understand from these communication channels, adds Ilany.
Their research, done in collaboration with Dr. Lee Koren of the University of Calgary and Adi Barocas of the University of Wyoming, and has been published in a number of journals including PLoS ONE and Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.
A wealth of information is encoded in a hyrax song, which can continue for five to 10 minutes at a time.Identity, age, hormone levels, or social rank have the capacity to alter the songs, explain the researchers, who have been studying the same hyrax population for the last 13 years at the Ein Gedi nature reserve near the Dead Sea. "The long duration is a major strength of this project because we now know a lot about each individual animal," explains Ilany, including the details of their birth, life history, and social standing. "We can recognize this information encoded in song because we know them that well."
Using vocalization to signify identity is not without precedent. Many animals have the ability to identify another individual member of the same species by sound, say the researchers, because vocal sounds are unique to the individual that makes them. Flamingo mothers returning to the colony recognize their chicks by sound, for example. And of course humans can, too —recognizing the voice on the other end of the telephone before the caller introduces himself.
Beyond the information that is being communicated in the song itself, the function, context, and reception of the song are also significant. Singing hyraxes, who are almost exclusively male, are more likely to sing when they have an alert audience to listen to them. Prof. Geffen believes that perhaps the hyraxes use singing as a tool to promote themselves and facilitate communication with the other hyraxes.
Call and response?
In some cases, another male hyrax will respond with a song of its own, says Ilany. The researchers are now working to discover exactly what prompts this two-way communication. They are in the process of conducting "playback" experiments in which recorded hyrax songs are played to groups of hyraxes to see if different messages elicit different listener responses. For example, is a song that communicates a high social ranking more likely to get a response? The researchers are also testing the success of these self-advertisements by measuring whether hyraxes that sing in specific ways have higher success rates in finding mates and siring offspring.
There are still many questions left to answer, say the researchers, noting that many research groups around the world are attempting to decode animal communication systems. Eventually the aim is to create a "big picture" of how vocal communication works in this system, says Prof. Geffen, whose research has already gone a long way towards understanding communication in the animal world.
For more biology and evolution news from Tel Aviv University, click here.


Lighting Regulations
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Lighting regulations for pedal cycles
Lighting regulations for pedal cycles
The current version of the RVLR was published in 1989, then amended in 1994, 1996, 2001, 2005, again in 2005 and most recently in 2009. So it can be a bit of a puzzle to work out exactly what applies here and now!
It has to be said that the fine details of RVLR are seldom enforced, and provided you show some kind of white light in front and red behind, you are unlikely to be challenged. If you are involved in a night-time accident however, any slight illegality with respect to your lights or reflectors may be regarded as contributory negligence.
The main points of RVLR are as follows:
 - Lights (and reflectors) are required on a pedal cycle only between sunset and sunrise.
 - Lights (and reflectors) are not required when the cycle is stationary or being pushed along the roadside.
 - When they are required, the lights and reflectors listed below must be clean and working properly.
The following items are the minimum required, on a bicycle or tricycle, in order to ride it legally at night:
Front Lamp
One is required, showing a white light, positioned centrally or offside, up to 1500mm from the ground, aligned towards and visible from the front. If capable of emitting a steady light, it must be marked as conforming to BS6102/3 or an equivalent EC standard.
If capable of emitting only a flashing light, it must emit at least 4 candela.
Rear Lamp
One is required, to show a red light, positioned centrally or offside, between 350mm and 1500mm from the ground, at or near the rear, aligned towards and visible from behind. If capable of emitting a steady light it must be marked as conforming to BS3648, or BS6102/3, or an equivalent EC standard.
Rear Reflector
One is required, coloured red, marked BS6102/2 (or equivalent), positioned centrally or offside, between 250mm and 900mm from the ground, at or near the rear, aligned towards and visible from behind.
Pedal Reflectors
Four are required, coloured amber and marked BS6102/2 (or equivalent), positioned so that one is plainly visible to the front and another to the rear of each pedal.
Exceptions and explanations
Age brings privileges. To name but two: cycles manufactured before October 1990 can have any kind of white front lamp that is visible from a reasonable distance, and pre-October 1985 cycles don't need pedal reflectors.
Cycle trailers need a rear lamp as above and a triangular rear reflector with an ECE mark III or IIIA. (Trailer manufacturers appear blissfully unaware of this however, and generally fit cycle-type reflectors whilst making no provision for a rear lamp.)
In the absence of any more specific requirement, a cycle-type rear reflector can be presumed okay on a sidecar, which also needs its own front and rear lamps.
Seriously reduced visibility
Unlike other vehicles, pedal cycles are not required to light up when conditions of seriously reduced visibility occur in daytime. That's because this clause applies only to lights that are required to be fitted, and lights are not required to be fitted to a pedal cycle between sunrise and sunset. So even if the cycle has lights fitted and is ridden into a bank of fog for example, they do not have to be switched on. It would nevertheless be wise to do so!
'Lighting-up time' and the 'Hours of Darkness'
These commonplace phrases have meant many different things in the past and continue to cause confusion. Remember: for a cyclist the only thing that matters is the sun, the moment it dips below the horizon, our lights must go on, even though there may be plenty of light to see by for another half hour or so on a clear evening.
Sunset to sunrise: that's lighting-up time, when drivers must also switch on their sidelights at least. They can leave off the headlights for another 30 minutes, until - you guessed it - the 'Hours of Darkness', which nowadays endure from half an hour after sunset until half an hour before sunrise.
Prior to 1989, cyclists could also wait until then before switching on their lights, and if you go back further, the 'hours of darkness' were 60 minutes shorter, starting a whole hour after sunset and ending an hour before sunrise. Go back further still, to before the roads were nationalised, and some counties didn't require lights at all during full moon! It wasn't any lighter back then, but when things moved more slowly I guess we didn't need to see them coming so far off.
Beware that some publishers of 'lighting-up times' are a bit careless and give the 'hours of darkness' instead. Don't trust any such data unless it clearly states the times of sunset and sunrise.
The Euro-friendly clause
Thanks to a European Directive of a few years ago, wherever a British Standard (BS) is referred to, equivalent standards from other EC countries must now also be recognised - but only if they provide an equivalent level of safety. It's not exactly clear which do. However Germany has arguably the strictest cycle lighting laws in Europe so we consider it safe to use equipment that is marked accordingly, with a "K~number".
It should also be noted that wherever a British Standard is referred to, that reference applies to a specific edition. In the case of BS6102/3, that is the 1986 edition, as amended on 15th April 1995 and again on 1st September 2003. These amendments (in conjunction with the 1994 amendment of RVLR) removed the filament bulb design restrictions, so that lamps may now get their light from LEDs, HIDs – or whatever comes next!
Dynamo powered lights are legal even though they go out when you stop. That's allowed so long as you stop on the left. Usually it's much safer to stay where you are (e.g. in a stationary queue with left-turning traffic filtering up your inside), since most cars do stop for red traffic lights and those that don't are unlikely to pay more heed to a bike lamp!
Nevertheless, dynamos and lamps are now available with reliable back-up (standlight) features that either keep them on or light up a diode instead of the bulb.
Additional lamps and reflectors
Some cyclists like to fit extra lamps and reflectors, in addition to the approved ones specified above. This is perfectly legal provided they are the correct colour and in an appropriate position.
These optional lamps and reflectors do not have to comply with any standards, but it's illegal to use some designs of lamp or reflector that have specific other uses. You must not, for instance, show a red light at the front, or a white light to the rear, or fit triangular-shaped rear reflectors on anything other than trailer.
The suggestion that any lamp on a bicycle might cause undue dazzle or discomfort to other users of the road would have been laughable a few years ago, but not any more. It is not only illegal but doesn't actually improve your safety, should the person driving a heavy motor vehicle towards you be temporarily blinded by your headlamp! So please don't let it do that.
The Pedal Cycles (Safety) Regulations (PCSR) ensure that every new bicycle is sold with several extra reflectors, not required by RVLR, but (strangely) does nothing at all to facilitate the fitment of front and rear lamps.
These additional reflectors are found on the sides of the wheels, clear white or coloured yellow, and there's also a "white" reflector on the front of the bike. You are at liberty to remove the front and side reflectors, but beware that there are some situations (albeit most unusual) where a front reflector might improve your safety, and be sure to fit the necessary front and rear lamps.
Thanks to the 2005 RVLR amendment on 23 October of that year it finally became legal to have a flashing light on a pedal cycle, provided it flashes between 60 and 240 times per minute (1 – 4Hz).
Even better: it became possible for a flashing light to be approved, meaning no other light would be needed in that position. And since BS6102/3 does not cater for flashing, approval is granted simply on the basis of brightness (as specified above).
Because DfT very much prefer things to be evaluated against a proper technical standard wherever possible: any flashing lamp that is also capable of emitting a steady light is approved only if it conforms with BS6102/3 when switched to steady mode. Since most flashing lights do also have a steady mode, they're legal but not approved, so you'll probably need another lamp that is.
Unfortunately Britain is not the force it once was in the world cycle market, with the result that very few manufacturers can nowadays be bothered to test and mark their products to our standards. So it can be really hard nowadays, to find any approved lamp for sale these days, flashing or not!
Fortunately our Police seem hardly more concerned by legal niceties than lamp manufacturers. Since it became theoretically legal to ride a bike with just flashing lights on it, they're nowadays no more likely to quibble its legal status than one equipped with steady lights – unless they're rather dim (the lights that is) or involved in an accident. Then it's


sphere onto the XY, YZ and XZ planes so they should look like circles centered at coordinate (0, 0) but they are a bit off both in position and shape.
Plot |M| is the magnitude of the Earth's magnetic field as sensed by the magnetometer. The Earth's magnetic field is constant so the plot should be a straight line parallel to the X axis. Instead we see that the sensed magnitude is all over the place.
The calibration process more or less boils down to finding a transformation of the calibration data that makes it fulfill equation 1, the sphere equation. A proper solution involves matrices but a simplified solution is to independently transform the readings along each axis according to this equation:
// calibrate the magnetometer readings along the X axis
mx = (mx - bias_x) / range_x
Where mx is an array of readings along the X axis, and bias_x and range_x are scalars that can be found using these equations:
bias_x = (mx.max() + mx.min()) / 2;
range_x = (mx.max() - mx.min()) / 2;
Applying this transformation to the calibration data yields the following calibrated data:
Now the plots M_XY, M_YZ and M_XZ do look like circles centered at (0, 0), and the magnitude plot |M| looks much more like a constant value with some noise sprinkled on it.
Madgwick's orientation filter
(This is the thing that you saw in the intro video.)
Madgwick's orientation filter is a sensor fusion algorithm that computes the absolute orientation of an object from MARG sensor data. MARG stands for Magnetic, Angular Rate and Gravity, and basically refers to a system that can measure Earth's Magnetic field, Angular Rate and the acceleration of Gravity. The magnetometer (M), gyroscope (AR) and accelerometer (G) on the F3 board form a MARG sensor array.
To give you an idea of how this filter works: the Gravity vector tells you where down is and the Magnetic vector tells you where north is. These two vectors kind of form an absolute coordinate system as their directions are pretty much constant.
Thus, the Gravity and Magnetic data give information about how the MARG system is oriented with respect to this down-north coordinate system. Whereas the Angular Rate data gives information about how that orientation is changing.
None of this data can't be fully trusted though: if the MARG system moves then the accelerometer will measure not only the acceleration of gravity but also its own acceleration; the Magnetic data can be easily affected by EM radiation, external magnetic sources and nearby ferromagnetic materials; and the Angular Rate data suffers from bias that drifts over time and that changes with the ambient temperature.
The way the filter deals with all this uncertainty is to treat the data not as ground truth but as the input of an optimization problem. The rest is the magic of mathematics.
And it holds quite well, I must say. In the video at the beginning of this post the magnetometer is subject to the EMF that my laptop generates and at some point in the video I shake the board along the different accelerometer axes. All these are disturbances introduced in the input data but the filter handles them without much trouble.
For more details (i.e. the actual math) you can read Madgwick's internal report. There's also a conference paper but it's behind a paywall – its contents are not that different from what's written in the internal report though.
I have published Madgwick's orientation filter as the madgwick crate. This crate is compatible with no_std programs and requires no memory allocation so it can be run on bare metal systems.
The API is straightforward to use: you create an instance of the filter; you feed MARG sensor data into it and you get back the 3D orientation as a unit quaternion.
let mut filter = madgwick::Marg::new(BETA, SAMPLING_PERIOD);
// e.g. 'Quaternion(0.9999, 0.0017, -0.0046, 0.0006)'
let quat = filter.update(m, ar, g);
The parameter BETA is the gain of the filter and its value should be in the same order of magnitude as the measurement noise in the gyroscope (in rad / s). You can measure the gyroscope noise by logging gyroscope data while the board is still and then computing the standard deviation of the readings along each axis.
The parameter SAMPLING_PERIOD is the sampling period in seconds. You should run the filter periodically and on each periodic run you should feed the latest sensor data to the filter. That period is the sampling period of the filter.
You can find the visualization software used for the Madgwick demo here. It uses kiss3d to do the rendering – kudos to the authors; this was my first time doing anything graphics related with Rust and it was pretty straightforward 👍.
All the plots in this blog post where done using this Python script.
You can find the F3 firmware used for the demo as the madgwick example in the f3 crate. That crate also contains a log-sensors example that was used to log the data used to make the plots in this blog post and to calibrate the magnetometer.
That's it! Two embedded-hal drivers are out; 50 more to go before the year ends 😅. And you also got a reusable implementation of Madgwick's orientation filter.
Finally, don't forget to calibrate your sensors before you use them for anything serious!
Thank you patrons! ❤
I want to wholeheartedly thank:
Iban Eguia, Aaron Turon, Geoff Cant, Harrison Chin, Brandon Edens, whitequark, James Munns, Fredrik Lundström, Kjetil Kjeka, Kor Nielsen, Alexander Payne, Dietrich Ayala, Kenneth Keiter, Hadrien Grasland, vitiral and 48 more people for supporting my work on Patreon.
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Creative Commons License
Jorge Aparicio


text:
HERE comes the sun. The dance of the sunflower reveals a sophisticated ability to exploit its environment.
The heads of young sunflower plants follow the sun during the day, then reverse course at night so they're ready to face the dawn. But no one knew how much of an advantage the plants gain from their daily routine, or why they cease to track the sun once they have bloomed.
To find out, Stacey Harmer at the University of California, Davis, and her colleagues tethered some young plants so they couldn't move, and rotated the pots of others so they were facing the wrong way in the morning, away from the sunrise. They found that leaves of both groups of sunflowers were about 10 per cent smaller than leaves from plants that were allowed to follow the sun. "They're less efficient if they can't track," says Harmer.
To understand why sunflowers in bloom stop moving and face the rising sun,the researchers rotated some sunflowers so they were facing west, then recorded how many bees and other insects visited the plants.
The east-facing flowers received about five times as many pollinators as the west-facing ones, probably because they were warmer, which attracts pollinators (Science, _URL_. "You can see the bees going crazy over the east-facing flowers and mostly ignoring the west-facing flowers," says Harmer.
This article appeared in print under the headline "Why some sunflowers track the sun and others don't"

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Flag frontage sign
Actif Signal makes lighted signs for stores, but also frontage signs called flags, lighted or not.
Flag sign made by Actif SIgnal
Lighted flag frontage sign (LED lighting in chamber) – ParisMade by Actif Signal
Actif Signal uses the same techniques to design, manufacture and install lighted signs made with neon tubes for stores, shops, and decorations for events such as fashion parades.
Flag Frontage Signs: What you should know
When it comes to marketing, exposure is a crucial matter. In order to attract clientele, a great deal of stores and commercial structures use flag signs. What are they and what is their purpose?
A brief history of signs
Lighted signs appeared for the first time in 1910. It is a Frenchman, by the name of Georges Claude, who invented them, but these products were first seen in the United States. Made with neon tubes, these signs were designed to catch the eye of the customer. Visible from afar and illuminated at night, they indicate the existence of the facility and its functions. Since its first appearance, the lighted sign has taken different shapes. In most cases, they can be found as a banner. Parallel to the front of the building, they can be affixed above a showcase or on a door lintel. Then, come the designs that are installed on rooftops, or affixed on the ground. Of course, the neon lighted signs are not to be forgotten.
Over the years, these so-called commercial signs have been reinvented in order to answer public demands and merchant's needs. This is how the flag signs started to develop. Copying the concept of advertisement signs, a flag sign is in the form of a box, single or double sided. It is affixed perpendicularly to the frontage of the building, high up, and helps promoting a store, a place, or a company.
Purpose of the Flag signs
To ensure a business or company's exposure, advertising elements are necessary. Thus, lots of professionals choose a flag design. Whether it's a simple sign, a lighted one or a flag sign, their purpose remains the same. If your premises are located in a busy street, the installation of a sign will catch the eye of the customer, and lead them towards you. It will also inform bystanders on your activities and the services you offer.
When setting up your flag sign, you have to make sure its design is appealing. While standard shapes like rectangles, squares or ovals have proven their effectiveness, a touch of fantasy and originality can also bring a little extra to you frontage. A tailor-made and colorful sign will help you stand out from the competition.
The different flag sign types.
The flag sign comes in different shapes and sizes depending on the customer's demands. Depending on your facility's layout, you can choose a simple or double sided sign. Some shops, like pharmacies or drugstores, usually elect a neon or LED lighted flag sign. Hotels and restaurants often opt for canvas flag signs, which combine metal chambers and canvas. Object-shaped flag signs also exist; for example, opticians choose flag signs shaped like glasses.
Illuminated signs
Because the first goal of a flag sign is to catch the eye of the public, it is advised to make it as visible as possible. The choice of an illuminated sign is then the best option. It has the advantage of capturing the public's attention while ensuring a strong exposure, night and day. Before putting up your lighted flag sign, you can choose, depending on the result you are expecting, between neon and LED
Neon signs.
If you opt for a neon-illuminated flag sign, you will have to choose between glass neon and flexible neon. Glass neon tubes are fluorescent tube, located under or behind a glass plate, and they light up the chamber. Flexible neon, on the other hand, covers what glass tubes can't.
Neon lighted flag signs have plenty of advantages. Amongst the most noticeable, neon can bend to the wishes of the customer. Indeed, these tubes can come in different diameters and are suitable for every mount and every shape. Neon also covers a 360° angle of lighting, which ensures a great exposure at night. It also comes in different colors and generates a strong and homogenous light. But the greatest advantage of the neon lighting lies in its lifespan. If the flag sign is located indoors, the neon can last up to 7 years, even if it is functioning 24/7. If located outdoors, the lighting will last up to 4 years if lit 24/7.
Although Neon has a great lifespan, its cons are not to be taken lightly: It is important to know that this type of installation is very difficult to put up and is very delicate. It is also very demanding in terms of energy. Lastly, a neon sign can cause electric shock in the case of an improper installation.
Neon gives a "neo-retro" look to your sign. The flag signs using neon lighting are designed and tailor-made on Actif Signal's manufacturing site. A neon lighting sign has to be put up by an installer in possession of the required electrical certifications. Actif Signal's installation teams all have the necessary certifications (H0 B0, H1 B1…).
LED signs
If you are not inspired by a neon-lighted flag sign, you can also chose an LED lighted sign. This type of sign will fit any and all of your needs.
If you need a static image, you can opt for a decoration LED flag sign. Made for indoor display, they regroup both displaying screens and decorative signs. They are preferred for advertising or promotional messages. If you want an animated sign, you can choose programmable LED signs. Durable, they are made for outdoor display. They can be set to flash or to display a message, night and day.
As opposed to neon flag signs, LED signs are more reliable. They are also very cost-efficient, and can be lit for up to 100 000 hours (11.5 years) before needing replacement. LED lights are also appreciated for their energy efficiency: as they do not diffuse any UV nor infrared, they are recyclable. An LED flag sign is also durable and safe. Sturdy, it is impact and vibration resistant, and temperature proof. Moreover, it does not present any electrical shock risk, contrary to neon lighting. With LED lighting, you can also choose from a great variety of colors and have a greater lighting power than that of neon light. The Light Emitting Diodes generate a brighter and more intense light that can be seen from farther away. Lastly, an LED flag sign can be programmed to show images or advertising messages. This type of colored animation is still energy efficient, and does not range down the lifespan of the lighting.
As for neon flag signs, LEDs also have cons. Its cost is the most prominent one; LEDs are significantly more expensive than the other lighting systems. However, it is highly compensated by its longevity and energy efficiency. Another major disadvantage of LED signs is its light field: it is less luminous than neon or than a lighted box, and does not propagate light efficiently around the facility.
Visual aspect of the flag signs
Once the decision to opt for a flag frontage sign has been made, you should always keep in mind that it conveys a message while being a guide to the customer. Because it symbolizes the activities and the offers of your business, it should be original.
The flag signs will be made according to the customer's demands. They usually include basic geometrical shapes (square, rectangle, circle…). Very traditional, this option can still have a strong impact if the sign includes colors, images or creative text. The use of LED or neon to illuminate the sign and make it even more visible can certainly be an asset to a business. In some cases, for specialized businesses like pharmacies or opticians, flag signs can come in particular shapes. We can find, in some streets, lighted crosses indicating a pharmacy, or a huge pair of glasses to signal an optician's shop.
Current regulations regarding Flag Frontage Signs.
There are specific regulations regarding flag signs, which were put in place in order to avoid "visual pollution". These norms vary depending on the type of business, the location of the sign and the objective it tries to achieve.
The rules apply mainly to the installation. While setting up a flag sign, we have to ensure that it does not exceed 25cm horizontally over the wall. It is also important that it does not cover more than 15% of the frontage, unless the frontage is larger than 50m², then it can cover it up to 25%. A flag sign cannot be affixed on a balcony or a glass front. Lastly, it has to be exactly as large as 1/10th of the distance from the public road.
Of course, the visual aspect of a lighted flag sign is entirely up to the customer. It is fairly common to find cake-shaped or baguette-like signs for boulangeries and bakeries, or regularly shaped ones with unique artwork for bars, hotels or even travel agency.
Be visible, opt for a flag sign
You are a merchant, a franchise, a pharmacy, a restaurant… chose a lighted flag sign. This type of sign is the ideal signage element and completes your existing signs. If you still hesitate between a neon or LED flag, a rectangular or an oval shape... Contact us, our engineering consultants


text:
Homemade Musical Instruments
You will need a heavy paper plate or two thin plates pasted together; a few jingle bells, yarn, and a hole punch. Punch holes around the outer circle of the plate. Tie yarn to the bells, then securely fasten through the plate holes. Be aware of a possible choke hazard for young children, and only use with adult supervision.
Make drums from old oatmeal boxes or coffee cans. Rattles & ShakersUse old dish washing liquid bottles. Fill slightly with rice, seeds, or sand. Secure tightly. Decorate with contact paper or magazine clippings.
Attach sandpaper to two small cut 2″ x 4″s. Rub together.
Here are some pictures of handmade instruments by AIMS:
Print Free File: Handmade Instruments


text:
Automatic Train Control On-board Signaling is the device that displays continuously allowable speed of the vehicle and automatically stops or decelerates a train if it exceeds the permissible speed, by receiving the operating conditions on the wayside.
On-board Signaling System consists of ATC Rack, MMI, ATC Antenna and Tachometer Generator.
Speed Control of ATC Operation
It provides speed control by the ATC operating mode.
It performs the ATC function of wayside sequence speed code survey mode.
Computation of Train Speed
It computes the speed with the signal from the tachometer generator and the value of wheel diameter.
8.4" Touch TFT-LCD displays operation information such as speed limit and notifies the driver of the audible warning sound according to the situation. The driver can operate emergency operation, pre-departure test, etc. with screen touch.
Speed Limitation Recognization
It recognizes the speed limit information by receiving the signals in the closed loop installed in the railway with a pair of ATC antennas installed under the train (TC car).
Pre departure Test
It provides test function for safe operation of the train through operating the ATC system in a virtual sequence of operations before the vehicle leaves the base and checking abnormality of signal and braking device in advance.
Domestic: Seoul Metro Line- 4 EMU
It consists of a redundancy system of 1 system (main operating system) and 2 system (auxiliary operating system) to control ATC funtion and interfaces to each other between vehicles and components.
Man Machine Interface (MMI)
- The driving information such as the current speed, the state of doors, and the speed limit of the vehicle is displayed and notifies the driver of the audible warning according to the situation depending on the transmitted information from on-board ATC Rack installed in the driver's compartment.
- 8.4"" TFT LCD, Touch Screen
- Automatic screen brightness control, Selt Test function
- S / W upgrade using USB and download log information function
It is istalled at the front part of the front axle of the forward of EMU and receives speed code information from the ground signal systemt via the rail.


text:
Self-trapped light beams hold potential for optical interconnects, applications in image transmission, rerouting light, logic gates for computing and, importantly, for the next-generation light-guiding-light signal processing, which envisions a circuitry-free and reconfigurable photonics powered by the dynamic interactions of self-trapped beams. In conventional nonlinear materials, however, self-trapping suffers from either the need for large incident beam powers and loss of beam interactions at large distances, or it is slow and irreversible. We show that rapidly and repeatably switchable self-trapped laser beams with remote communication capabilities can be elicited at exceptionally small intensities in a pliant, processable hydrogel functionalized with a chromophore. The ability to generate self-trapped beams with this unique set of properties offers unprecedented opportunities to develop light-guiding-light technologies.Next-generation photonics envisions circuitry-free, rapidly reconfigurable systems powered by solitonic beams of self-trapped light and their particlelike interactions. Progress, however, has been limited by the need for reversibly responsive materials that host such nonlinear optical waves. We find that repeatedly switchable self-trapped visible laser beams, which exhibit strong pairwise interactions, can be generated in a photoresponsive hydrogel. Through comprehensive experiments and simulations, we show that the unique nonlinear conditions arise when photoisomerization of spiropyran substituents in pH-responsive poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel transduces optical energy into mechanical deformation of the 3D cross-linked hydrogel matrix. A Gaussian beam self-traps when localized isomerization-induced contraction of the hydrogel and expulsion of water generates a transient waveguide, which entraps the optical field and suppresses divergence. The waveguide is erased and reformed within seconds when the optical field is sequentially removed and reintroduced, allowing the self-trapped beam to be rapidly and repeatedly switched on and off at remarkably low powers in the milliwatt regime. Furthermore, this opto-chemo-mechanical transduction of energy mediated by the 3D cross-linked hydrogel network facilitates pairwise interactions between self-trapped beams both in the short range where there is significant overlap of their optical fields, and even in the long range––over separation distances of up to 10 times the beam width––where such overlap is negligible.
Inorganic microstructured materials are ubiquitous in nature. However, their formation in artificial self-assembly systems is challenging as it involves a complex interplay of competing forces during and after assembly. For example, colloidal assembly requires fine-tuning of factors such as the size and surface charge of the particles and electrolyte strength of the solvent to enable successful self-assembly and minimize crack formation. Co-assembly of templating colloidal particles together with a sol–gel matrix precursor material helps to release stresses that accumulate during drying and solidification, as previously shown for the formation of high-quality inverse opal (IO) films out of amorphous silica. Expanding this methodology to crystalline materials would result in microscale architectures with enhanced photonic, electronic, and catalytic properties. This work describes tailoring the crystallinity of metal oxide precursors that enable the formation of highly ordered, large-area (mm2) crack-free titania, zirconia, and alumina IO films. The same bioinspired approach can be applied to other crystalline materials as well as structures beyond IOs.
Catalysis is one of the most sophisticated areas of materials research that encompasses a diverse set of materials and phenomena occurring on multiple length and time scales. Designing catalysts that can be broadly applied toward global energy and environmental challenges requires the development of universal frameworks for complex catalytic systems through rational and independent (or quasi-independent) optimization of multiple structural and compositional features. Toward addressing this goal, a modular platform is presented in which sacrificial organic colloids bearing catalytic nanoparticles on their surfaces self-assemble with matrix precursors, simultaneously structuring the resulting porous networks and fine-tuning the locations of catalyst particles. This strategy allows combinatorial variations of the material building blocks and their organization, in turn providing numerous degrees of freedom for optimizing the material's functional properties, from the nanoscale to the macroscale. The platform enables systematic studies and rational design of efficient and robust systems for a wide range of catalytic and photocatalytic reactions, as well as their integration into industrial and other real-life environments.
Although common in biological systems, synthetic self-assembly routes to complex 3D photonic structures with tailored degrees of disorder remain elusive. Here we show how liquids can be used to finely control disorder in porous 3D photonic crystals, leading to complex and hierarchical geometries. In these optofluidic crystals, dynamically tunable disorder is superimposed onto the periodic optical structure through partial wetting or evaporation. In both cases, macroscopic symmetry breaking is driven by subtle sub-wavelength variations in the pore geometry. These variations direct site-selective infiltration of liquids through capillary interactions. Incorporating cross-linkable resins into our liquids, we developed methods to freeze in place the filling patterns at arbitrary degrees of partial wetting and intermediate stages of drying. These percolation lithography techniques produced permanent photonic structures with adjustable disorder. By coupling strong changes in optical properties to subtle differences in fluid behavior, optofluidic crystals may also prove useful in rapid analysis of liquids.
We provide an overview of our recent advances in the manipulation of wetting in inverse-opal photonic crystals. Exploiting photonic crystals with spatially patterned surface chemistry to confine the infiltration of fluids to liquidspecific spatial patterns, we developed a highly selective scheme for colorimetry, where organic liquids are distinguished based on wetting. The high selectivity of wetting, upon-which the sensitivity of the response relies, and the bright iridescent color, which disappears when the pores are filled with liquid, are both a result of the highly symmetric pore structure of our inverse-opal films. The application of horizontally or vertically orientated gradients in the surface chemistry allows a unique response to be tailored to specific liquids. While the generic nature of wetting makes our approach to colorimetry suitable for applications in liquid authentication or identification across a broad range of industries, it also ensures chemical non-specificity. However, we show that chemical specificity can be achieved combinatorially using an array of indicators that each exploits different chemical gradients to cover the same dynamic range of response. Finally, incorporating a photo-responsive polyelectrolyte surface layer into the pores, we are able to dynamically and continuously photo-tune the wetting response, even while the film is immersed in liquid. This in situ optical control of liquid percolation in our photonic-crystal films may also provide an error-free means to tailor indicator response, naturally compensating for batch-to-batch variability in the pore geometry.


text:
Want to beat your Scrabble friends no matter where you are?WordSolver Android App!
10 Definitions of Scenes
The definition of scenes, the meaning of the word Scenes:
Is scenes a scrabble word? Yes!
- n. - The place where some action occurs
- n. - An incident (real or imaginary)
- n. - The visual percept of a region
- n. - A consecutive series of pictures that constitutes a unit of action in a film
- n. - A situation treated as an observable object
- n. - A subdivision of an act of a play
- n. - A display of bad temper
- n. - Graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept
- n. - The context and environment in which something is set
- n. - The painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale
Scenes is worth 8 points in Scrabble, and 10 points in Words with Friends
There are 6 letters in scenes: C E E N S S
1 Anagram of Scenes
Words that can be created with an extra letter added to scenes:
24 words found using the letters in "Scenes"
6 Letter Words
5 Letter Words
4 Letter Words
3 Letter Words
2 Letter Words

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
THERE is little doubt that Greg Ray was on the money when referring to changes in the way we now undertake our banking (''Play with funny money'', Herald 4/12).
ATMs, eftpos and internet banking are rapidly becoming a preferred method to access and transfer funds.
However, while the way we access our money is changing, those fundamental principles of saving and financial literacy will always remain.
Maitland Mutual Building Society continues to play a role in educating the region's primary school children about these principles through the Bank@School program.
Today, students from 13 schools across Newcastle and the Hunter participate in the program, which teaches them about banking and encourages them to make regular savings deposits into their Mutual account from the convenience of their school.
And yes, we still provide children with a piggy bank to help with their savings at home.
The program has been running for more than eight years. With access to our funds being more convenient than ever, programs such as these remain as relevant and important for our children today as they were when introduced.


11.4. Installing and running Sphinx (building the PRRTE docs)
As with all content in the Developer's Guide, this section is only relevant for developers who work in the PRRTE code base itself. End users who install a binary PRRTE package or build from an official PRRTE distribution tarball do not need to have Sphinx installed.
11.4.1. Installing Python
The Sphinx tool is written in Python, and therefore needs to have Python available. As of late 2022, Sphinx requires Python >= v3.7.
This documentation does not contain detailed instructions for installing a Python version sufficient for using Sphinx. Consult your local OS documentation for how to obtain Python >= v3.7, or search the internet for further information.
11.4.2. Installing Sphinx
The Sphinx documentation recommends installing Sphinx (and its required Python dependencies) via pip, which typically requires connectivity to the general internet.
Note
If you are running on MacOS, you may be tempted to use Homebrew or MacPorts to install Sphinx. The Sphinx documentation recommends against this. Instead, you should use pip to install Sphinx.
There are three general ways to install Sphinx; you only need one of them.
11.4.2.1. Install Sphinx in a Python virtual environment
The preferred method of installing Sphinx for PRRTE documentation development is to install Sphinx in a Python virtual environment. This places Sphinx in a sandbox that will not conflict with other pip-installed Python modules. This example installs Sphinx and other Python modules in the ompi-docs-venv tree under your PRRTE Git clone directory:
# Create the Python virtual environment
shell$ cd TOP_OF_PRRTE_GIT_CLONE
shell$ python3 -m venv ompi-docs-venv
# Or: python3 -m virtualenv ompi-docs-venv
# Or: virtualenv --python=python3 ompi-docs-venv
# Activate the virtual environment
shell$ . ./ompi-docs-venv/bin/activate
# Notice that the shell prompt changes
# Now install the required Python modules
(ompi-docs-venv) shell$ pip3 install -r docs/requirements.txt
# Or: python3 -m pip install install -r docs/requirements.txt
Note that sourcing the activate script will change your prompt to put the name of your virtual environment directory at the front, just as a visual reminder that you are operating in a Python virtual environment. You can run deactivate to leave the virtual environment.
Important
You will need to source the activate script to put Sphinx in your PATH before running configure.
11.4.2.2. Install Sphinx globally
If Python virtual environments are not desirable on your system, you can install Sphinx globally on your system (you may need to run with root privileges):
shell$ cd TOP_OF_PRRTE_GIT_CLONE
shell$ pip3 install -r docs/requirements.txt
# Or: python3 -m pip install install -r docs/requirements.txt
This will install Sphinx and some Python modules required for building the PRRTE documentation in a system-wide location.
This will likely install the sphinx-build executable in a location that is already in your PATH. If the location is not already in your PATH, then you need to add it to your PATH.
Important
You will need to ensure that Sphinx is in your PATH before running configure.
11.4.2.3. Install Sphinx locally
If you cannot or do not want to install Sphinx globally on your system, the following will install Sphinx somewhere under your $HOME. It is the same pip command as shown above, but with the addition of the --user flag (you should not need root permissions to run this command):
shell$ cd TOP_OF_PRRTE_GIT_CLONE
shell$ pip3 install --user -r docs/requirements.txt
# Or: python3 -m pip install install -r docs/requirements.txt
This will install Sphinx and some Python modules required for building the PRRTE documentation in a system-wide location.
You will likely need to find the location where sphinx-build was installed and add it to your PATH.
Note
On MacOS, look for sphinx-build under $HOME/Library/Python/VERSION/bin (where VERSION is the version number of Python). Or it may have installed to /usr/local/bin/sphinx-build. YMMV.
Important
You will need to ensure that Sphinx is in your PATH before running configure.
11.4.3. Running Sphinx
PRRTE's build environment is setup to invoke Sphinx automatically; you should not need to invoke Sphinx manually.
Important
You will need to ensure that Sphinx is in your PATH before running configure.
As long as configure found Sphinx, make will invoke Sphinx to build the documentation. You can also run make directly in the docs/ directory to build just the docs and skip building the rest of the PRRTE software. This can be a huge time-saver when iteratively writing, rendering, and viewing/proofing documentation.
Note
The fully-built HTML and man page docs are included in official PRRTE distribution tarballs. Meaning: if you download an official distribution PRRTE tarball, the pre-built HTML and man page files are included in the tarball.
Sphinx is a requirement for developers who want to build the PRRTE docs. End users do not need to have Sphinx available to build PRRTE or have its docs installed from an official distribution tarball.
11.4.3.1. Sphinx execution time
Sphinx is stateful: subsequent runs can be significantly faster because Sphinx will only re-render HTML files that have changes. This is a nice time saver for PRRTE (e.g., if you are iterating over writing the docs and running make to see how they rendered in HTML).
Caution
Sphinx is only somewhat smart in its partial re-rendering. If you change a title in an RST file, for example, Sphinx will (by default) only re-render that page. The Tables of Contents / left hand navigation on other pages may not be updated.
You can always force a full re-render via:
shell$ cd docs
shell$ rm -rf _build
shell$ make
11.4.3.3. Viewing docs locally
Once you have built the docs in your local Git clone, you can view them locally in the build tree:
 1. Open docs/_build/html/index.html in a browser to view the HTML docs. For example, on MacOS, the following command opens the build tree docs in the default web browser:
 shell$ open docs/_build/html/index.html

 2. Use the man command to view the Nroff files in docs/_build/man (you may need to use an absolute or relative filename to prevent man from using its search paths). For example:
 shell$ cd docs/_build/man
 shell$ man ./prterun.1

Alternatively, you can view these files in their installed locations after running make install:
 1. The HTML docs are installed (by default) to $prefix/share/doc/prte/html. You can use a web browser to open the index.html in that directory to view the docs locally. For example, on MacOS, the following command opens the installed docs in the default web browser:
 shell$ open $prefix/share/doc/prte/html/index.html

 2. The man pages are installed (by default) to $preix/share/man. If your man page search path includes this location, you can invoke commands similar to the following to see the same content that you see in these HTML pages:
 shell$ man prterun


text:
January 16, 2019
A minor earthquake shook off the East Coast on Tuesday evening, mainly felt along coastal Virginia and Maryland, as well as parts of Delaware.
The 4.7-magnitude earthquake was about 136 miles off the coast of Maryland and began around 6:30. p.m., according to the U.S. Geological Survey, and yielded no reports of tsunami danger or other damage.
Though there are no reports of the earthquake being felt as far north as New Jersey or Pennsylvania, some on social media reported feeling the earthquake from Delaware. About 30 people, predominantly in Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware, had reported feeling the earthquake within a couple hours of it occurring, according to USGS.
Despite the potential for it to be felt along the East Coast, any actual damage caused by the earthquake is extremely unlikely. In the time it takes for the earthquake to travel from the ocean to the coastal area, the seismic waves would have greatly steadied.
Tuesday's earthquake was felt far less compared to the last two major East Coast earthquakes in recent history. In 2017, a 4.1-magnitude earthquake hit about 10 miles northeast of Delaware. A 2011 earthquake at 5.8 magnitude struck the East Coast and was felt from Delmarva and as far north as Canada.


client.ip
IP, read-only.
Available inall subroutines.
The IP address of the client making the HTTP request. May be an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
When a request is first handled by a Fastly data center, client.ip represents the IP of the end user. In configurations that use shielding, however, the value of client.ip when the request is processed by the shield data center will be the IP of the edge data center.
Fastly automatically sets a Fastly-Client-IP header as a copy of the initial value of client.ip, and this is therefore one means of accessing the original client IP upstream of the edge data center. However, this header is not protected and can be spoofed as part of the client's initial request.
To prevent spoofing of the value of Fastly-Client-IP, set it explicitly in VCL:
if (fastly.ff.visits_this_service == 0 && req.restarts == 0) {
set req.http.Fastly-Client-IP = client.ip;
}
A common use of client.ip is to enforce access control against an access control list.
Try it out
client.ip is used in the following code examples. Examples apply VCL to real-world use cases and can be deployed as they are, or adapted for your own service. See the full list of code examples for more inspiration.
Click RUN on a sample below to provision a Fastly service, execute the code on Fastly, and see how the function behaves.
Client public IP API at the edge
Quickly fetch the user's public IP from an API endpoint on your own domain, with no origin.
Custom conditions for triggering WAF
The web application firewall runs only on traffic to your origin, but you can further refine when it should be invoked.


text:
Master of Science, Hydrology for Environmental Management, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Bachelor of Science, Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Degree, University
Ms. Mack is an experienced civil engineer focusing on water system hydraulic and transient analysis for municipal water systems. Melissa's background includes hydraulic and transient modeling, water systems master planning, pump station design, large diameter water line route evaluation and design, and hydraulic analysis of water plant facilities. She is proficient with EPANET, WaterGEMs, and InfoWater, and transient analysis using the Liquid Transient (LIQT) program. Her responsibilities include project management, plant assessments, hydraulic and transient modeling of groundwater and surface water plants, pump analyses and selection, planning, preliminary engineering and technical design, quality control and quality assurance, and construction management.


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What is Amino Terminus in Molecular Biology? PDF | Download eBooks
Learn Amino Terminus definition in molecular biology with explanation to study "What is Amino Terminus". Study amino terminus explanation with molecular biology terms to review molecular biology course for online degree programs.
Amino Terminus Definition
 - End of a polypeptide with a free amino group. end at which protein synthesis begins..
 Molecular Biology by Robert F. Weaver
Amino Terminus Explanation
Amino terminus or N-terminus is that end of a peptide or a protein primary structure, in which the amino acid residue is free (i.e., it is not part of a peptide bond). It is the end of the molecule, which terminates in a free amino group and the end at which protein synthesis is started.
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text:
The Corydoras Catfish
There are many different species of Corydoras available, all of which have great a character and make a fascinating addition to any tropical community aquarium. They originate from the river basins of South America, although most are now captive bred.
They are a fish that naturally swims in schools and therefore, are best kept in groups three is a good number. They are bottom dwellers and will happily spend their time keeping the bottom of the aquarium clean while they search for food. Corydoras are very peaceful and undemanding.
There are many types available which vary greatly in size, from the tiny Corydoras pygmaeus at 2.5cm to the much larger Corydoras barbatus which reaches 12cm. Although many of the more commonly kept species such as the bronze catfish C.aeneus, or peppered catfish C.paleatus typically reach a size of approx 7cm.
A natural aquarium set up with a silver sand or fine gravel substrate, a few plants and some bogwood would be ideal for these cheerful little fish. They will accept most foodstuffs, although be sure to include some sinking catfish pellets or bloodworm in their diet.
The Bosemani Rainbow
The Bosemani Rainbow fish makes a stunning addition to a community tropical aquarium.
The males will exhibit a striking colour of half purple and half orange, which certainly makes them stand out from the crowd! Although it may take up to twelve months for their full splendid colouration to develop.
They are a peaceful and active schooling fish. They will grow to 8-10 cm and require a tank size of at least 90 cm Ideal water conditions would be a ph of 7 and a gh of 8-15 degrees.
Tropical flake food is widely accepted, although they will benefit from the addition of live food. Tetra Pro Colour will also enhance their vivid colour.
A planted aquarium with open areas of swimming space will create a spectacular effect.
Call today for news on our very latest stock and prices.
The Cherry Barb
This stunning little fish is often over looked because it belongs to the Barb family – and Barbs have a reputation for being fin nippers. This is very true of the Tiger Barb but most of the rest of the family make good community fish.
The Cherry Barb is a superb example of why this Barb should be included in any community aquarium.
It is a very colourful red fish with the male being much brighter red than the female, she is much more of an orange colour the photo shows the difference.
The male is a showy chap with his fins extended whenever a female is present, and he will spend all day trying to attract a mate.
Five or more make a good shoal but the more the better.
Cherry Barbs will eat almost any type of food; dry flakes, live foods like daphnia or blood worm and frozen foods of the same.
An easy to care for fish which makes no demands on water conditions – but it does require a mature aquarium that has had fish in for more than three weeks.
So why not include some in your aquarium?


text:
How do criminal groups organize, operate, and govern in Denmark? We argue that organized crime groups face governance challenges in the form of principal-agent problems and transaction costs. Based on interviews with law enforcement officers, former gang members, and prisoners, we provide evidence for how people involved in crime respond to these organizational dilemmas. We find that the more severe the principal-agent problem, the more gangs vet possible members during recruitment. We also find that as transaction costs rise, people who are engaged in illicit activities that are more complicated will rely more on internal structure and centralization. Our findings support existing rational choice theories of criminal organizations.
Bibliographical notePublished online: 10 March 2021.
- Organized crime groups
- Outlaw motorcycle gangs
- Rational choice theory


Here's a surprising advantage to being hungry
In this Oct. 16, 2014 photo, a man plays at a video lottery terminal at Tioga Downs in Nichols, NY.
In this Oct. 16, 2014 photo, a man plays at a video lottery terminal at Tioga Downs in Nichols, NY. (AP Photo/Mike Groll)
You know not to go grocery shopping on an empty stomach. But making complex decisions while your stomach's rumbling? Go for it, Utrecht University researchers say, claiming that hungry people might delay gratification and make better long-term choices, Pacific Standard reports.
A study published in PLOS One conducted three separate experiments in which some of the subjects had eaten breakfast before heading to the lab, while others hadn't dined since the night before.
In the first experiment, based on the Iowa Gambling Task, participants picked cards from four decks, with each card having a certain monetary value; cards in decks A and B had higher individual values than those in decks C and D, but decks A and B also had higher "penalty" cards that forced subjects to give money back.
Interestingly, hungry subjects seemed better able to pick up on the pattern of long-term rewards over short-term gains. In two other experiments (one asked questions like "Would you prefer 27 Euros today, or 50 Euros in 21 days?"), hungry subjects "were better able to resist [hypothetical] choices that brought immediate rewards but were ultimately disadvantageous" than their well-fed counterparts. Researchers admit that more research is needed to see if other emotions come into play during the decision-making process, but they write in the report, "Hunger and appetite... do not necessarily make people more impulsive, but rather make them rely more on gut feeling, which benefits complex decisions with uncertain outcomes. Alternatively, it may be that hot states do increase impulsivity, but that impulsivity is not necessarily bad." (This boy is never hungry or thirsty.)
This article originally appeared on Newser: Why You Should Gamble Before You Chow Down
More From Newser


text:
The 8th KAGRA
- July 7 - 9, 2021
- Online Workshop
KIW8 in 2021
Toward the Fourth Observing Run of the Detector Network: from Physics to Astronomy
The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (KIW8) will be held during July 7-9, 2021.
This workshop is hosted by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI).
KASI is a nationally funded institute for research in astronomy, astrophysics and space sciences.
KIW8 is a continuation of the efforts to promote more active international collaboration on KAGRA, and is open to all scientists who are interested in contributing to the KAGRA project.
This is the third KIW hosted by Korean gravitational wave community, after KIW1 in 2016 at KISTI, Daejeon, and KIW4 in 2018 at Ewha Womans University in Seoul.
Because of the COVID-19, this workshop will be fully held on-line.
The COVID-19 certainly slowed down overall scientific activities, but significant progress has been made even under such a stressful situation. We look forward to the fourth observing run (O4) sometime in 2022, and KAGRA is expected to join these global efforts for hunting more gravitational wave events with better sensitivity and accuracy. Thus the main theme of this workshop will be O4. We encourage researchers of both experiment and theory, especially of young generations, to make contributions and exchange the ideas at this KIW8.
Please register at the meeting homepage by June 30, 2021. There is no registration fee.
KIW8 is a virtual-only meeting. The plenary and parallel sessions will be hosted at separate Zoom meeting rooms, of which connection information will be sent to all registered participants. In order to promote vibrant discussion during the meeting, Slack discussion channels for individual sessions will be open to all participants. In addition, there will be dedicated Slack channels for all poster presenters during the poster session. Poster presenters can take advantage of the channels to have discussion with other participants. All KIW8 participants are encouraged to join the poster presenters' channels.
Scientific Organizing Committee
- Hyung Mok Lee (co-chair, SNU, Korea)
- Hisaaki Shinkai (co-chair, OIT, Japan)
- Hyung Won Lee (Inje Univ., Korea)
- Ray-Kuang Lee (National Tsinghua Univ., Taiwan)
- Tatsuya Narikawa (ICRR, Japan)
- John Oh (NIMS, Korea)
- Takahiro Sawada (Osaka City Univ., Japan)
- Nami Uchikata (ICRR, Japan)
- Takafumi Ushiba (ICRR, Japan)
- Helios Vocca (Perugia, Italy)
- Zong-Hong Zhu (BNU, China)
Local Organizing Committee
- Sungho Lee (Chair, KASI, Korea)
- June Gyu Park (KASI, Korea)
- Soonkyu Je (KASI, Korea)
- Sang Hoon Oh (NIMS, Korea)
- Chang-Hee Kim (KAIST, Korea)
- Kyungmin Kim (Ewha Womans Univ. & KASI, Korea)