text:
Header Front Crop Loss; Can you afford to leave $85,000 in the paddock?
Farmers take a great deal of risk and effort bring crop to the point of harvest. In drier years with short patchy crops and lower yields harvest is even more challenging. Grain losses of 10% in cereals and up to 30% in lupins is common. Setting up the combine harvester to reduce grain loss during harvest is well understood. As are modifications to the header front that reduce crop loss during harvest. While these are essential to maximise profit at this critical stage, so we really appreciate the cost of header-front grain loss and what we are leaving in the paddock?
Dr Glen Riethmuller highlighted in his article[i] the average crop loss in harvest for wheat was costing a farmer AU$72,000 based on a 4,000ha program. This was wheat at AU$300/t. At AU$350/t[ii] this is AU$85,000 profit left in the paddock!
What is each head worth in your wallet?
The average Australian wheat crop density is 0.58t/acre (1.t/ha) and the average head of wheat is 13 grains high x 4 rows = 52 grain per head. With grain loss estimated at 280 grain of wheat/m2 = 1 bushel/acre loss (or approximately 67kg/ha)[iii]. Therefore:
- Head loss per m2 is = 280 grains/m2 ÷ 52 grains/ head = 5.38 heads/m2 loss = 1 bushel/ acre loss
- One (1) tonne of wheat is 37 bushels[iv] at approximately AU$350/t. 1 bushel us worth (350 ÷37) = AU$9.46.
- 38 heads/m2 causes AU$9.46/ acre (or AU$23.36/ha) loss in profit.
Each head lost per m2 is costing the farmer AU$1.76/acre (or AU$4.35/ha) in lost profit!
Or to put another way, each head saved per square metre in a 4,000ha program adds AU$17,400 profit to the farmer's wallet.
Modification to header front
Primary Sales provides the header front modifications of the "Adapt-a-Gap" Knife Guard System and cereal extensions and, where applicable, the "Vibra-Mat" to reduce header-front loss and help "save" seeds. These tools help improve cutting, assist even feed of material, enable the header-front to cut lower and help capture cut material. But how fast would you pay for this investment? Table 1 provides an indicative cost for these header-front modification tools.
Table 1: Indicative investment cost for header-front modification tools
Recovery of investment
We can determine how many acres it will take to recover the investment on a set of "Adapt-a-Gap" knife guards, cereal extension fingers and "Vibra-Mat" based on number of heads saved per square metre. Table 2 shows the number of acres/ hectares a farmer needs to farm for wheat (based on 1.4t/ha yield at approximately AU$350/t at port = AU$490/ha).
Table 2: Recover investment in how many acres/ hectares?
Two heads better than none
With an average 1.4t/ha wheat crop having approximately 112 heads/m2 and header front loss at 5% to 10%, this equates to 6 to 11 heads/ m2 are being lost. Table 3 illustrates that even in a 5% existing loss situation that a 33% recovery rate (i.e. 2 heads/m2) can generate AU$34,000 in additional profit for the farmer across a 4,000 hectare program of wheat.
Table 3: Profit generated through successful head recovery by size of program
Other Crops Offer greater benefits
Even greater benefits will be derived from use of header-front modifications in other popular crops such as canola, lupin and field peas where frontal losses are typically inn the 10% to 30% range. For canola, using a AU$550/t port price and an average loss of 1 bushel per acre and 44 bushels/t. A 4,000-hectare program is leaving AU$50,000 in the paddock. Table 4 shows return in profit through recovering 10%-40% of this loss through "Adapt-a-Gap" knife guards and cereal finger extensions.
Table 4: Profit generated through successful recovery for Canola by size of program
Crop losses at the header-front is costing farmers much more than is generally realised. As Australian farmers face more frequent drier seasons resulting in patchy, short and light crops, aiding crop recovery will be critical for the survival of some farmers and essential for all others. For further information on Primary Sales "Adapt-a-Gap" knife guards, cereal finger extensions or the "Vibra-Mat" visit _URL_.
[i] "How to successfully harvest short, patchy crops"AGRIC, 5 Sept 2017.
[ii] All crop costs based on Glencore Agriculture October 2018. Price at port.
[iii] Data courtesy of Australian Customer Harvesters Association
[iv] Bushel to the tonne _URL_
Download PDF of article


text:
J Clin Outcomes Manage
Communication strategies to facilitate difficult conversations about sexual risk in adolescent girls
Abstract: Objective: To describe techniques for initiating conversations about sexual risk reduction with adolescent girls in a primary care setting. Methods: The Health Improvement Project for Teens (HIP Teens) is a sexual risk reduction intervention for girls aged 15 to 19 years. The communication approaches employed in the program have proven to be successful in decreasing sexual risk taking behaviors and increasing knowledge about HIV and risk reduction strategies. Examples of possible clinical conversations presented here are based on audiotaped sessions from the HIP Teens program. Results: Initiating conversations with adolescent girls about sexual risk taking behaviors enables physicians and other providers to utilize approaches that increase motivation and address accurate risk appraisal and behavioral option identification. Strategies to reduce risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections can be targeted through identifying the patientís motivation to prevent risk and her personal goals for the future. Conclusion: Addressing sexual risk reduction with adolescent girls often presents a challenge to primary care providers. By utilizing ageand gender-appropriate techniques that address adolescent motivations and behavioral modification options, providers can develop effective communication strategies with their adolescent clients
Clinical Review Article
Search the Turner White index to find abstracts of articles published in JCOM.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


aj}}^{2} k^{2} }} {\text{e}}^{{ - 2R_{\text{aj}} /\lambda_{j} (k)}}\,\sin (2kR_{\text{aj}} + a_{\text{aj}} (k))}. $$
From the phase of each sine wave [2kRaj + αaj(k)], the absorber–backscatterer distance Raj can be determined if the phase shift αaj(k) is known. The phase shift is obtained either from theoretical calculations or empirically from compounds characterized by crystallography with the specific absorber–backscatterer pair of atoms. The phase shift αaj(k) depends on both the absorber and the scatterer atoms. As one knows the absorbing atom in an EXAFS experiment, an estimation of the phase shift can be used in identifying the scattering atom.
The amplitude function contains the Debye–Waller factor and Nj, the number of backscatterers at Raj. These two parameters are highly correlated, which makes the determination of Nj difficult. The backscattering amplitude function fj(π, k) depends on the atomic number of the scattering atom, and scattering intensity increases with the electron density (i.e., atomic number) of the scattering atom. In principle, this can be used to identify the scattering atoms. In practice, however, the phase shift and backscattering amplitude function, both of which are dependent on the identity of the backscattering atom, can be used only to identify scattering atoms that are well separated by atomic number (Rehr and Albers 2000).
The EXAFS fit-quality is evaluated using two different parameters Φ and ε2.
$$ \Upphi = \sum\limits_{1}^{{N_{\text{T}} }} {\left( {{\frac{1}{{s_{\text{i}} }}}} \right)^{2} [\chi^{\text{expt}} (k_{\text{i}} ) - \chi^{\text{calc}} (k_{\text{i}} )]^{2} }, $$
where NT is the total number of data points collected, \( \chi^{\text{expt}} (k_{\text{i}} ) \) is the experimental EXAFS amplitude at ki, and \( \chi^{\text{calc}} (k_{\text{i}} ) \) is the theoretical EXAFS amplitude at ki. The normalization factor si is given by
$$ {\frac{1}{{s_{\text{i}} }}} = {\frac{{k_{\text{i}}^{3} }}{{\sum\nolimits_{j}^{{N_{\text{T}} }} {k_{\text{j}}^{3} \left| {\chi^{\text{expt}} (k_{\text{j}} )} \right|} }}}. $$
The ε2 error takes into account the number of variable parameters p in the fit and the number of independent data points Nind is given by
$$ \varepsilon^{2} = \left[ {{\frac{{N_{\text{ind}} }}{{N_{\text{ind}} - p}}}} \right]N_{\text{T}}^{ - 1} \Upphi, $$
which is estimated from the Nyquist sampling theorem,
$$ N_{\text{ind}} = {\frac{2\Updelta k\Updelta r}{\pi }}, $$
where ∆k is the k-range of the data and ∆r is the width of the Fourier-filtered peak in Å. ε2 provides a gauge of whether the addition of another shell to the fit is justified. A detailed description of error analysis is presented by Lytle et al. (1989).
The importance of the EXAFS technique to the biochemist or structural biologist depends directly on the fact that the EXAFS modulations contain information about the distance between the absorbing and backscattering atoms within a distance of about 5 Å, as well as the identity and number of the backscattering atoms. Essentially, EXAFS analysis is used to determine the radial distribution of atoms around a particular absorbing atom, thus providing a probe for the local structure in the vicinity of the absorbing atom; for example, the metal in the active site of an enzyme. These vector lengths (distances) can be determined to a precision of 0.02 Å and much more precisely than by conventional X-ray crystallography.
Advantages and limitations of XAS
We summarized the advantages and the limitations (Eisenberger and Brown 1979) of the XAS method as follows.
 1. (1)
 X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is element specific, so one can focus on one element without interference from other elements present in the sample. In a protein, which has more than one metal like cytochrome oxidase (Cu and Fe), or nitrogenase (Fe and Mo), it is possible to study the structural environment of each metal atom selectively. The element specificity and the fact that it is always possible to obtain an X-ray spectrum of an element also means that one 'sees' all of the metal of interest, which is present in the sample. This makes it imperative that one is sure of the biochemical homogeneity of the sample and, if there is more than one site for the same metal, to resolve the structural parameters of the different sites.
 2. (2)
 Another important advantage of XAS is that the metal of interest is never 'silent' with respect to X-ray absorption spectra. The system could be 'silent' with respect to EPR, optical, or other spectroscopic methods, but one can always probe the metal site structure by XAS.
 3. (3)
 X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is not limited by the state of the sample, because it is sensitive only to the local metal site structure. The sample can be prepared as a powder, a solution or, as is done most often, as a frozen solution for biological samples. It is not necessary to obtain single crystals of the material to examine the local structure of the metal. However, having oriented crystals such as membranes and single crystals significantly increases the structural information obtained from the XAS method. This will be discussed in a latter section.
 The more important aspect is that one can either trap intermediates in the enzymatic cycle or modify the site by the addition of inhibitors or substrate or generate other chemical modifications. Such samples can be made as frozen solutions, avoiding the problems of trying to obtain single crystals. The study by this technique of trapped intermediates and treated samples has yielded insights into the mechanism of the reaction involved, in several biological systems.
 4. (4)
 Damage to biological samples by X-rays is cause for serious concern for X-ray crystallography and XAS experiments. However, with the right precautions one can successfully perform these experiments leaving the materials largely intact. The most serious damage is produced by the reaction with free radicals and hydrated electrons that are produced in biological samples by X-rays. The diffusion of the free radicals and hydrated electrons can be minimized by the use of low temperatures. The use of a liquid He flow cryostat or liquid He cryostream, where the samples are at atmospheric pressure in a He gas atmosphere, has greatly reduced the risk of sample damage by X-rays. XAS experiments require a lower X-ray dose than X-ray crystallography, and radiation damage can be precisely monitored and controlled, thus allowing for data collection from an intact metal cluster (Yano et al. 2005b; Corbett et al. 2007).
 1. (1)
 It is also important to realize the intrinsic limitations of EXAFS, beyond those of a purely experimental nature. A frequent problem is the inability to distinguish between scattering atoms with little difference in atomic number (C, N, O or S, Cl, or Mn, Fe). Care must also be exercised when deciding between atoms that are apart in Z, as frequently, it is possible to obtain equally good fits using backscattering atoms which are very different in Z (e.g., Mn or Cl), but which are at different distances from the absorbing atom. This is more acute when dealing with Fourier peaks at greater distances. In bridged multinuclear centers, it is not always possible to unequivocally assign the Fourier peaks at >3 Å (Scott and Eidsness 1988).
 2. (2)
 Distances are usually the most reliably determined structural parameters from EXAFS. But the range of data that can be collected, often-times due to practical reasons like the presence of the K-edge of another metal, limits the resolution of distance determinations to between 0.1 and 0.2 Å. Also it is difficult to determine whether a Fourier peak should be fit to one distance with a relatively large disorder parameter or to two distances, each having a small disorder parameter. Careful statistical analysis, taking into consideration the degrees of freedom in the fits, should precede any such analysis. The resolution in the distance Δr can be estimated from the relation that ΔrΔk ~ 1 (see "Range-extended XAS").
 3. (3)
 Determination of coordination numbers or number of backscatterers is fraught with difficulties. The Debye–Waller factor is strongly correlated with the coordination number and one must have recourse to other information to narrow the range that is possible from curve-fitting analysis alone. It is useful to compare the spectra from the unknown complex to some known model complexes (assuming that there is


text:
Complex approach to computations and analysis of vehicle dynamics
Petr Porteš1, Lubor Zháňal2, Jan Fojtášek3
1, 2, 3Institute of Automotive Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
Vibroengineering PROCEDIA, Vol. 18, 2018, p. 132-137.
Received 29 April 2018; accepted 6 May 2018; published 22 May 2018
The goal of this article is to present a method for vehicle dynamics development based on multibody system approach in combination with real vehicle testing and data analysis. Described technique consists of two multibody models with the same level of complexity. First direct multibody model of the complete vehicle is suitable mainly for sensitivity analysis. The other inverse multibody model is used for real vehicle dynamic states reconstruction from measured data. Results of these two models are then post-processed and visualized together in a custom-made data analysis software.
Keywords: multibody models, dynamics, Adams/Car, data analysis, data visualisations, vehicle dynamics testing.
The computer-based multibody method (MB) is a well-known tool for engineers since the 1980s. Several commercial MB programs were developed and offered for sale such as MSC ADAMS, SIMPACK and DADS. It is obvious that MB software became very popular in vehicle development specially to solve problems of vehicle ride and handling. Therefore, also general MB programs were extended with packages specialised for vehicle dynamics tasks, such as MSC ADAMS Car and SIMPACK Automotive. In addition to the commercial software packages available at markets, many custom MB programs were developed mainly by experts at universities. This paper presents practical application of non-commercial specific MB program developed at the Institute of Automotive Engineering – Brno University of Technology (IAE-BUT) called SAMS.
Development of vehicles is constantly advancing. Therefore, it is necessary to have more sophisticated tools for development of a complete vehicle and its individual parts and take advantage of specialized commercial MB packages. The packages are continuously developed by teams of experts in software companies and tested by users all over the world. Method described in this article uses combination of custom-made MB program SAMS with commercial MB program MSC ADAMS Car.
It is obvious that physical testing on proving ground and collecting data for vehicle dynamic analysis are important part of the vehicle development. The main problem is that it is not physically possible to directly measure all needed parameters, such as wheel forces, wheel slip and so on. Therefore, software SAMS allows for development of a detailed multibody model that could be effectively build and linked with the measured signals through specialized custom-made data analysis software called TeleMatrix. By combining these two programs, it is possible to calculate the missing parameters from measurement and rebuild the complete vehicle dynamic states in every moment of vehicle ride. The last chapter of this paper details this tool for general data processing of measurements and calculations that is used in all developmental stages of the vehicle.
2. Commercial MB tool for vehicle dynamics – Adams/Car
Through the multibody method of mechanism analysis, it is possible to perform static, kinematic and dynamic simulations of individual subsystems and the whole vehicle, and thus analyse the resulting properties using the virtual prototype. MSC ADAMS Car software is the worlds most widely used solution in the field of linking multibody system and the vehicles dynamics theory. Models using this system, however, require numerous input parameters and interdisciplinary experience. Based on the sophisticated databases of the already verified models of individual subsystems, it is possible to significantly shorten the time needed to build the basic and also more advanced analyses, while achieving sufficient robustness of calculation. For validation of the direct complete vehicle ADAMS model, the combination of measured channels from real vehicle testing and computed channels from SAMS multibody model is used.
Predefined as well as custom test rigs for axles, drivetrain and the entire vehicle are employed to simulate the various events. During driving simulations, it is possible to use a variety of standardized maneuvers and multiple levels of feedback driver algorithm. These allow to find and analyse situations that are at the stability limit of the vehicle. Finished models offer virtual testing and analysis of the impact of the construction changes on the vehicle characteristics. The main benefits of the direct vehicle MB model allow for exploration of multiple "what if" scenarios and sensitivity studies. Moreover, it is possible to simply transmit the model to the industrial partners.
Fig. 1. Multibody simulations using ADAMS/Car
3. Data analysis using multibody model of vehicle
In addition to simulations of the vehicle and component testing, test drive of the vehicle is further required. These tests verify the function and mutual co-operation of all subsystems, and also perform a synchronisation of all setting elements – the final setting. For these purposes, it is important to have a means which would simplify the data analysis: either with their effective processing or by providing quantities which are essential for the analysis processes. In many cases, these quantities cannot be measured, or it is very difficult to do so. Therefore, a method and software tools are developed to effectively build a detailed multibody model which could be linked with the measured signals and calculate dynamic states of the vehicle while tested.
This chapter describes the resources which make it possible to enclose the driver – test vehicle – mathematical model into one computational loop. These resources are taken advantage of during test drives to analyse the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle, its subsystems and final optimization of their settings.
Application of this approach requires three types of tools which make the process not only doable but also effective.
First indispensable tool is a measurement system. The system has to be able to provide information about every degree of freedom of the vehicle, be it a record of kinematic quantity or force affecting the motion (acceleration). The group of measured quantities differs based on the modelled automobile. At the IAE-BUT, a special measurement system, based on National Instruments components, was developed.
The other tool is software which allows for analysis of measured data as well as bidirectional connection with the computational model. This software is described in detail further in the paper (see Chapter 4).
The third tool is software for mathematical modeling of the vehicle. Objective is to test and assess design of the vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary for the mathematical model to be at least as detailed as the simulation tool used for its development. Nowadays, very detailed multibody models are used in vehicle dynamics. These models may be developed, for example, by ADAMS software which was discussed before. Multibody software SAMS was developed at IAE-BUT and allows to create models at the same level as commercial software ADAMS, for example. Since SAMS was developed by one of this paper's authors, it was possible to implement functions into the software which feed the measured data into the computational model.
Based on the 3D topology of the mechanism, the software generates model equations in symbolic form (the programming language C++), generally for solving kinematics, statics and dynamics (direct and inverse problems). Multibody formalism that has been applied is briefly described in the appendix. In order to interconnect the measured data with the computational model, the formalism is adapted and supplemented by modelling elements, allowing the model to include forces and torques of unknown size.
This tool very effectively facilitates development of a vehicle's detailed model with an arbitrary type of axle. Further, it is very easy to arbitrarily parametrise the model.
The generated code (symbolic equations extended with functions for their calculations) is compiled into a dynamic link library (DLL). The software TeleMatrix works with DLL for data analysis and that's why the DLL involves functions for bidirectional communication with this software.
The interconnection of the measured data with the mathematical model is based on a simple notion. Signals from sensors mounted on the vehicle in motion must at every moment correspond with calculated signals from modelled sensors "mounted" on the modelled vehicle (Fig. 2). Inverse mathematical model of the vehicle is extended with the condition for equality of both signals (measured and virtual) and the state of the vehicle which complies with this condition is calculated.
Fig. 2. Interconnection of virtual vehicle (model) with data measured at a real vehicle
Based on the calculated state, basically any quantity in the mathematical description of the vehicle may be then calculated. This arrangement provides the automotive engineer with many quantities which are hard to measure yet very useful for analysis of the vehicle's behaviour, for example, the camber angle measured relatively to the road surface or the forces generated between tires and the road and gather useful characteristics from these quantities.
This approach provides several benefits compared to conventional simulations. If the structure of the model and measured quantities is adequate, then there is no need to model some of the vehicle's parts. This is, of course, unimaginable with the conventional models for simulation computing. Drivetrain is one of the parts that may not have to be modelled, provided that moments and rotation of drive shaft are measured. Other parts that don't need to be modelled are tires. Parameters of tire models may be adjusted for various road surfaces using kinematic quantities and forces calculated from vehicle dynamics. What is more, the measured quantities may even help to identify those parameters. Fig. 3 displays comparison of lateral forces calculated in SAMS from dynamics of a vehicle in motion, and forces calculated from Magic Formula 6.2 tyre model with parameters from laboratory measuring. Measurement and parameters fitting process were performed by TASS International. Tire lateral forces were calculated by vehicle model where input signals were measured during ride on test track.
All quantities important for reconstruction of motion calculated from the multibody model are acquired by the vehicle itself during the ride, which is another advantage,

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Dictionary Results for small|
1. small - noun
· the slender part of the back
2. small - noun
· a garment size for a small person
3. small - adjective
· limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent; "a little dining room"; "a little house"; "a small car"; "a little (or small) group"
4. small - adjective
· relatively moderate, limited, or small; "a small business"; "a newspaper with a modest circulation"; "small-scale plans"; "a pocket-size country"
Synonym(s): minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized
5. small - adjective
· (of children and animals) young, immature; "what a big little boy you are"; "small children"
6. small - adjective
· slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope; "a series of death struggles with small time in between"
7. small - adjective
· low or inferior in station or quality; "a humble cottage"; "a lowly parish priest"; "a modest man of the people"; "small beginnings"
Synonym(s): humble, low, lowly, modest
8. small - adjective
· lowercase; "little a"; "small a"; "e.e.cummings's poetry is written all in minuscule letters"
Synonym(s): little, minuscule
9. small - adjective
· (of a voice) faint; "a little voice"; "a still small voice"
10. small - adjective
· have fine or very small constituent particles; "a small misty rain"
11. small - adjective
· not large but sufficient in size or amount; "a modest salary"; "modest inflation"; "helped in my own small way"
12. small - adjective
· made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth); "her comments made me feel small"
Synonym(s): belittled, diminished
13. small - adverb
· on a small scale; "think small"
or unscramble the word you need to complete that puzzle or to finish that
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SSD-101: Project Configurator and Gecko Platform Hands-On Lab
This material is 2 of 2 in the Simplicity Studio 180 - Simplicity Studio v5 - Project Configurator and Gecko Platform.
Get an overview of Simplicity Studio v5 and its features. Learn how to configure your projects in Simplicity Studio v5 with ease.
Overview
Get a hands-on walkthrough of using the Gecko platform and Project Configurator to accomplish the following examples:
 1. Bare metal development: one software component + CLI
 2. Bare meta development: one software component + CLI + one peripheral example
 3. RTOS Development: one software component + CLI + one peripheral example + FreeRTOS
 4. RTOS/Bluetooth: one software component + CLI + one peripheral example + FreeRTOS + Bluetooth
Knowledge Level
Beginner
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Hardware Required:
Software Required:
 - Simplicity Studio v5
 - Gecko SDK v3.1.0 or later
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Why do cougars scream?
Decoding Cougar Noises
When a female mountain lion screams, it signals nearby males that it's time to mate and make some babies.
Kevin Schafer/Getty Images
The cougar is the largest native cat in North America. Outside of zoos, you won't find any big cat species, such as lions, tigers, jaguars and leopards, roaming the countryside. Surprisingly, cougars are technically small cats, members of the same group as domesticated cats. Their size is comparable to leopards, with adult males weighing around 140 pounds (63.5 kilograms) and measuring 8 feet (2.4 meters) long from tail to nose [source: Federal Wildlife Service].
While these dimensions sound awfully large to be lumped into the same category as your pet kitty, biologists didn't flub the cougar classification. Cougars received the designation because of internal anatomy rather than external. Underneath a small cat's tongue is a bone called the solid hyoid. The solid hyoid attaches to the windpipe and larynx and helps produce the animal's vocalizations. Instead of solid hyoids, large cats have flexible cartilage that can vibrate in that oral space, allowing lions and other big cats to roar [source: Busch]. Small cats can meow, hiss and growl all day, but that solid hyoid prevents them from roaring like the MGM lion.
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As small cats with solid hyoids, cougars can't produce a deep roar, but females can out-scream a 2-year-old child who just discovered a heart-pounding fear of clowns at the circus. The cougar scream is a rare, high-pitched noise that rips through the wilderness air and causes hikers to freeze in place. Are those screams warning signs for us to get out of their territory? Like the wolf's howl, these cougar noises serve as forms of long-distance communication. Only females are known to make the screeching call, coinciding with their bodies' preparation for mating [source: Spalding] In human jargon, we'd call that scream a booty call.
For all those ladies out there who hate waiting by the phone for their hunk to call, look to the female cougars for inspiration. The dynamics of cougar mating is more progressive than you might expect from a deer-devouring feline. Female cougars reach sexual maturity at around 2 or 3 years old, giving birth to a litter every other year or so. Since male cougars roam their territories alone, females scream when they are in heat in order to let the males know where they are and that it's time to make some cougar babies.
Although female cougars may have to compete for a mate if their individual territories intersect, they still hold the power for when copulation occurs [source: Busch]. Until she's ready, the males must wait. But once the deed is done, the male cougars return to their solitary habits. The female will establish a den and stay with her offspring for around 15 months before the cubs set off on their own [source: Dewey and Shivaraju].
So if you happen to hear the chilling scream of a cougar in the distance, just think of it as mountain lion mood music -- and head in the opposite direction to avoid being attacked by a randy panther.
Related HowStuffWorks Articles

More Great Links

Sources

 - Busch, Robert H. "The Cougar Almanac." Globe Pequot. 2004. (Aug. 19, 2008)_URL_
 - "California Cougars." Bureau of Land Management. U.S. Department of the Interior. Updated April 26, 2007. (Aug. 19, 2008)_URL_
 - Dewey, Tanya and Shivaraju, Anupama. "Puma concolor." Animal Diversity Web. 2003. (Aug. 19, 2008)_URL_
 - "Eastern Cougar." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. October 2005. (Aug. 19, 2008)_URL_
 - Glavin, Terry. "Cougar Attack!" Canadian Geographic. May/June 2004.
 - Kemper, Steve. "Cougars on the Move." Smithsonian Magazine. September 2006. (Aug. 19, 2008)_URL_
 - "Mammals: Mountain Lion (Puma, Cougar)." San Diego Zoo. (Aug. 19, 2008)_URL_
 - Spalding, D.J. "Cougar in British Columbia." British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch, Information and Education Section. (Aug. 19, 2008)_URL_


text:
This depends very much on the type of application you run. If you've got applications which are very trigger-happy WRT syscalls you can expect to see high amounts of context switching. If most of your applications idle around and only wake up when there's stuff happening on a socket, you can expect to see low context switch rates.
System calls cause context switches by their very own nature. When a process does a system call, it basically tells the kernel to take over from it's current point in time and memory to do stuff the process isn't privileged to do, and return to the same spot when it's done.
When we look at the definition of the write(2) syscall from Linux, this becomes very clear:
write - write to a file descriptor
ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
write() writes up to count bytes from the buffer pointed buf to the file
referred to by the file descriptor fd. [..]
On success, the number of bytes written is returned (zero indicates
nothing was written). On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set
This basically tells the kernel to take over operation from the process, move up to
count bytes, starting from the memory address pointed at by
*buf to file descriptor
fd of the current process and then return back to the process and tell him how it went.
A nice example to show this is the dedicated game server for Valve Source based games, hlds. _URL_ shows one second worth of syscalls done by a single instance of a game server which had no players on it. This process takes about 3% CPU time on a Xeon X3220 (2.4Ghz), just to give you a feeling for how expensive this is.
Another source of context switching might be processes which don't do syscalls, but need to get moved off a given CPU to make room for other processes.
A nice way to visualize this is cpuburn. cpuburn doesn't do any syscalls itself, it just iterates over it's own memory, so it shouldn't cause any context switching.
Take an idle machine, start vmstat and then run a burnMMX (or any different test from the cpuburn package) for every CPU core the system has. You should have full system utilization by then but hardly any increased context switching. Then try to start a few more processes. You'll see that the context switching rate increases as the processes begin to compete over CPU cores. The amount of switching depends on the processes/core ratio and the multitasking resolution of your kernel.
linfo.org has a nice writeup on what context switches and system calls are. Wikipedia has generic information and a nice link collection on System calls.


_URL_.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.dui0446d/BABEIJHB.html)
 3. From editor it should be possible to open the disassembly view for the currently selected line in the editor (maybe a context-menu).
 4. We should have an optional synchronization mechanism that would keep the disassembly view showing the matching source line as the editor when the editor cursor moves. All instructions corresponding to the source line should be shown if possible, with priority given to the first instruction
 5. Support for parallel instructions in the disassembly view
 1. If all // instructions are on the same line, Eclipse can probably handle it already
 2. If we want to show // instructions on different
 1. PC highlighting should highlight all the // instructions lines
 2. Address should only be shown for the first of the // instructions
 3. Setting a breakpoint could be ok to limit to the // instruction that has an address if necessary
 6. Syntax highlighting for Disassembly code. This may already be available through CDT extension points
Assembly in the Editor
It would be nice to be able to use the Editor to display the assembly code as generated by the compiler and to step and perform the different debugging operations in that editor. Maybe this would fit in the Disassembly view, but showing the assembly code instead. The assembly code is valuable beyond the disassembly code because it contains more information given by the compiler. A way to show the instruction manual for an assembly instruction would be valuable.


text:
Accession Number : AD0662685
Title : THEORETICAL VIBRATION STUDY OF THE BEARING ANALYSIS MACHINE.
Descriptive Note : Research and development rept.,
Corporate Author : NAVAL SHIP RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER ANNAPOLIS MD ANNAPOLIS DIV
Personal Author(s) : Daugherty,Thomas L.
Report Date : DEC 1967
Pagination or Media Count : 51
Abstract : The Bearing Analysis Machine is a tool for the study of bearing-generated vibrations. It is used for Navy quiet bearing inspection and as a research tool. Analysis of two mathematical models determines the theoretical rigid-body, outer-ring response of the test bearing to forcing functions generated by both the machine components and the test bearing. The bearing outer-ring response per pound of forcing function was calculated for a Size 314 bearing under 100-pounds thrust load to illustrate the results for frequencies of 10 to 10,000 hertz. The results indicated greater bearing response to bearing-generated forces than to machine-generated forces. Therefore, for forcing functions of the same order of magnitude, the major contribution to the measured spectrum would result from bearing-generated forces. (Author)
Descriptors : (*BEARINGS, VIBRATION), (*VIBRATION, *TEST EQUIPMENT), NAVAL EQUIPMENT, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, NOISE, FORCE(MECHANICS)
Subject Categories : Machinery and Tools
Test Facilities, Equipment and Methods
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE


text:
- SEE ALSO
Mac::Apps::Anarchie - Interface to Anarchie 2.01+
use Mac::Apps::Anarchie; $ftp = new Mac::Apps::Anarchie; _TAG_ description for the rest
This is a MacPerl interface to the popular MacOS shareware FTP/archie client, Anarchie. For more info, see the Anarchie documentation.
Also required is the Mac::Apps::Launch module, which requires MacPerl 5.1.4r4.
NOTE: for some explanations of methods, drop Anarchie on Script Editor, and check the Anarchie docs.
Before using, you must autosplit the module. See version notes for 1.4 below.
$ftp->open(ALIAS); $ftp->quit; $ftp->showabout; $ftp->close; $ftp->closeall; $ftp->undo; $ftp->cut; $ftp->copyclip; $ftp->paste; $ftp->clear; $ftp->selectall;
NOTE: * denotes compatability with Fetch. Fetch does not use the variables SOCKS, FIRE, BINARY, or TYPE. Fetch implements some of these methods differently than Anarchie. To use Fetch instead of Anarchie for these methods, call the method:
There are two forms of each of the following methods: "method" and "methodURL". The methodURL version takes the user name, password, host and path in the URL instead of separately. URLs are usually in the form:
See Anarchie docs for more info on URLs.
Also, the host, username, password, proxy firewall and socks firewall can be preset and then omitted during the method call. This saves a lot of code writing if you are going to make multiple calls to the same host. If a method explicitly names any of those strings, it overrides presets. If username and password are not specified anywhere, FTP is done anonymously.
$ftp->host(HOST); $ftp->user(USER); $ftp->pass(PASS); $ftp->fire(FIRE); $ftp->socks(SOCKS);
If you don't want MacPerl to wait for Anarchie to finish what it is doing, then call this with the value 0. You can change it back to 1 if you do want it to wait. The initial setting is 1.
- fetch *
$ftp->fetch(FILENAME [, PATH, BINARY, TYPE, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->fetchURL(FILENAME [, URL, BINARY, TYPE, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Fetches file and saves to FILENAME on local drive. BINARY is boolean for whether file is binary or ascii. TYPE is the creator code to link file to. NOTE: for Fetch, FILENAME must be an existing directory name, NOT a filename. For Anarchie, FILENAME must be a file if the fetched item is a file or a directory if the fetched item is a directory. Anarchie will create FILENAME on the local drive if it does not exist.
- store *
$ftp->store(FILENAME [, PATH, BINARY, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->storeURL(FILENAME [, URL, BINARY, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Stores file FIELNAME from local drive to remote location specified.
- rename *
$ftp->rename(NEWNAME [, PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->renameURL(NEWNAME [, URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Renames file NEWNAME to value in PATH or URL.
- remove *
$ftp->remove([PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->removeURL([URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Removes file/directory specified in PATH or URL.
- mkdir *
$ftp->mkdir([PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->mkdirURL([URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Make directory specified in PATH or URL.
- sendcommand *
$ftp->sendcommand([PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->sendcommandURL([URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Send raw FTP command.
- index *
$ftp->index([PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->indexURL([URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Display index listing. SITE INDEX command must be implemented on host.
- list *
$ftp->list(FILENAME, [PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->listURL(FILENAME, [URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
List files in a directory, put into file FILENAME. Fetch apparently only lists to the screen, while Anarchie lists to a file. For Fetch, just put any old text in place of FILENAME and it should work just fine.
$ftp->nlist(FILENAME, [PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->nlistURL(FILENAME, [URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
List names of files in a directory, put into file FILENAME.
Anarchie Suite, Part Deux
NOTE: These methods are NOT supported at all by Fetch.
$ftp->find(FILENAME [, SERVER, MAX, CASE, REGEX, URL]);
Find file containing text FILENAME in Archie SERVER with maximum matches MAX. CASE is boolean (0 or 1) for case sensitive. REGEX is 0, 1 or 2 for denoting that FILENAME is a substring, pattern, or regular expression.
Find Mac file containing text FILENAME on Ambrosia's Mac server.
$ftp->showtranscript; $ftp->showarchie; $ftp->showget; $ftp->updateserverlist; $ftp->showlog; $ftp->showmacsearch; $ftp->showtips;
$ftp->geturl(URL [, FILENAME]);
- v.1.4, January 3, 1998
Basic cleanup. Requires MacPerl 5.1.4r4 or better now.
- v.1.4, November 3, 1997
Pulled out main functions as autosplit/autoload files. Before using, you must run a script such as the following, in order to AutoSplit the routines:
#!perl -w use AutoSplit; $dir = 'HD:MacPerl:site_perl'; autosplit("$dir:Mac:Apps:Anarchie.pm","$dir:auto",0,1,1);
This also means that the
Mac::Apps::Anarchieclass is no longer aliased to simply
- v.1.3, October 15, 1997
waitreplymethod. Fixed error catching. Erorrs still are not descriptive, but now they are reported. :-)
- v.1.2, October 13, 1997
Get app launching from Mac::Apps::Launch, fixed descriptor disposing.
- v.1.1 May 4, 1997
Whoops, fixed something I broke in the AEPutParamDesc stuff.
- v.1.0 May 4, 1997
Finally got around to cleaning it up. Only minor changes.
- v.0.2 March 20, 1997
First 'public' beta.
- regex find
Still having problems with the substring/pattern/regex option on "find". I am not sure what the problem is.
- Anarchie Home Page
Chris Nandor _URL_
Copyright (c) 1998 Chris Nandor. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. Please see the Perl Artistic License.
Version 1.50 (03 January 1998)
2 POD Errors
The following errors were encountered while parsing the POD:
- Around line 495:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 499:
'=item' outside of any '=over'


Blogs
EMAIL: _EMAIL_
Palantir: Running Large Drupal 8 CSV Migrations in Batches
Migrating birds against a striped background
A versatile solution for importing large CSV files into Drupal.
In this post we will cover…
 - Point one
 - Point two
 - Point three
Migrating content from an existing site or an external data source can help reduce the effort required by content editors to get a new site ready for launch. As a result, constructing and executing content migrations is a common task we undertake as part of the site build process. While these migrations can vary in type, typically spreadsheets are exported in a comma separated value (CSV) format due to their simplicity.
While Drupal has robust support for migrating in from a CSV file, the current structure can struggle when presented with large CSV files. In particular, the migration import process can run out of memory part way through the migration process. We encountered this problem while migrating tens of thousands of locations for a client. Increasing the PHP memory limit for the migration was an initial step, but proved not to be enough:
Memory usage is 1.21 GB (80% of limit 1.51 GB), reclaiming memory.
[warning]
Memory usage is now 1.21 GB (80% of limit 1.51 GB), not enough reclaimed, starting new batch
[warning]
Even though the migration module attempts to reclaim memory and start a new batch, the process does not always complete.
Some approaches to get around this issue include scripting your migration and utilizing the limit option when running a migration. However, we wanted a solution that could be more versatile and wouldn't require custom scripting for each new migration we would write.
As a result, we wrote a custom Drush command that acts as a wrapper around the default Migrate import command. Our custom command splits a large CSV file into smaller files that can be imported in batches.
As an example, the following command may be run:
drush migrate:import:batch sample_migration --batch-size=100
When the migration is run, the CSV source file for the sample_migration is split into smaller CSV files with 100 lines each. The migration runs for each of these files. These files are temporarily stored in the private files directory and are cleaned up after the migration is finished.
Other migration operations run like normal and all of the default options may be passed in. Migration mapping hashes are maintained, so the migration may be rolled back like normal, too.
The module's code currently exists in a Github repository which also contains more information on the module's usage, but we plan on releasing it as a contributed module on Drupal.org in the future. Feel free to give it a try on your project and let us know how it works for you!
Fall migration copy by ashokboghani licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
Development
Drupal
Site Building


text:
Ben, Mat and Becca are collaborating on a newly funded National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research project which will investigate whether changes in the green and blue spaces we are exposed to effect long-term wellbeing and mental health.
The collaboration is led by Dr Sarah Rodgers, Associate Professor at Swansea University Medical School, and involves the University of Exeter, Cardiff University and the Barcelona Institute for Global Health. We will work with partners from Natural Resources Wales, Keep Wales Tidy, Sports Wales, City and County of Swansea, and Welsh Government.
Our study will investigate how changes in the availability, abundance and accessibility of green and blue spaces has influenced mental health outcomes over time. We will also consider how different types of green and blue spaces relate to mental health and wellbeing benefits for different people.
Using a large-scale, population based, natural experimental approach, we hope to address shortcomings in the existing evidence base by adding detail on the quality, type, size, location, function and uses of green and blue spaces. Routinely collected health and environment data will be linked in the databank based at Swansea University. The Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank (SAIL) is an immensely powerful world-class system that brings data together in a secure, trusted and confidential way.
We will examine associations between residential green and blue spaces exposure and mental health for 1.7 million adults in Wales. To do this we will create a longitudinal quarterly residential green and blue spaces exposure dataset for each home in Wales using local authority datasets adjusting for changes in greenness between 2008 and 2018 using remotely sensed data. We will use Ordnance Survey data to extract 'blue' features, including canals, ponds, rivers, and beaches, and road and footpath network data will be used to calculate distances from each home to residential green and blue spaces access points within a 10 minute walk. This data will be linked with routinely collected health data held in the anonymised databank.
We will also use a hybrid longitudinal, cross-sectional design which will incorporate outdoor recreation survey results for 24,000 people to explore the potentially mediating effect of green and blue spaces visit frequency on any direct relationship between residential green and blue spaces and our data-linked primary health and wellbeing outcomes. Analysis of green and blue spaces visits will consider activity type and other relevent social factors.
The results of the project will inform public health, planning and regeneration decisions relating to the protection and development of green and blue spaces for health improvement.
The project is funded through the National Institute of Health Research's (NIHR) Public Health Research outdoor green and blue spaces call. The PHR Programme funds research which aims to generate evidence to inform the delivery of non-NHS interventions intended to improve the health of the public and reduce inequalities in health.
More details on the project, which starts in January 2018, can be found on the NIHR PHR project page.
[…] is a new opportunity for a research statistician with big data analysis skills to work on the NIHR funded green and blue health interventions study (the 'GBS study'). The project is led by SAIL at Swansea University, and ECEHH, Cardiff University and the Global […]
[…] Medical School, has written a blog for the Future Generations Commissioner for Wales describing the NIHR funded Green-Blue Spaces Study. The team have also produced a short video on the outcomes of the first stakeholder […]

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Intrepid Toddler's Daring Crib Escape Caught on Tape [VIDEO]
It's every parent's worst nightmare: Your toddler would rather go exploring than stay in the safe confines of his crib. So he does. Over and over and over.
One mother found herself in such a situation and couldn't figure out how her child kept escaping. So, she set up a camera in the kids' closet. Sure enough, she captured the child, whose name is Dayne, making a break for it not once, but twice.
Watch the Houdini-in-diapers below.


August 11, 2022
Stop the random vibrations on your smartphone
Smartphones are amazing devices that have become an integral part of our lives. However, one downside to having a smartphone is the number of notifications and vibrations we get throughout the day. These can be incredibly distracting and lead to us being less productive. In this article, we'll discuss some ways to stop the random vibrations on your smartphone.
What could be causing the vibrations on your smartphone and how to stop them
There are a few potential causes of the random vibrations on your smartphone. One possibility is that you have too many apps installed and they are all vibrating at once. Another possibility is that you have notifications enabled for too many apps, which is why your phone is vibrating so much. In either case, the best way to stop the random vibrations on your smartphone is to disable notifications for some of the apps on your phone. This will minimize the number of vibrations your phone makes and allow you to focus on your work.
Why does my phone vibrate randomly
It seems like everyone has a smartphone these days, and with those smartphones come all sorts of apps that we use to vibrate, notify us, or just plain amuse us. But have you ever stopped to think about how all that vibration might be affecting your health? According to some experts, too much vibration can actually be harmful to your body.
The different ways you can prevent your phone from vibrating randomly
There are a few different ways you can prevent your phone from vibrating randomly. One way is to disable notifications for specific apps on your phone. Another way is to limit the number of apps that are allowed to vibrate. A third way is to adjust your phone's settings so that it only vibrates when you receive a call or text.
How to identify if there is an app or service that's causing the problem
If you're experiencing random vibrations on your smartphone, there is a good chance that one of the apps or services on your phone is causing the problem. To find out which app or service is causing the problem, you can go to your phone's settings and disable notifications for specific apps.
How to troubleshoot other potential causes of the vibration issue
If you're having trouble identifying which app is causing the vibration issue on your smartphone, there are a few other things you can try. One thing you can do is check your phone's settings to see if there is an app or service that's causing the problem. Another thing you can do is go to your phone's battery settings and see if there is an app or service that's draining your battery.
Tips for preventing your phone from vibrating in your pocket or bag
If you're having trouble preventing your phone from vibrating in your pocket or bag, there are a few things you can try. One thing you can do is disable notifications for specific apps on your phone. This will minimize the number of vibrations your phone makes and allow you to focus on your work.


I have noticed that a cat and dog share the same radical, which is 犭dog (quǎn).
So, if we break the words down:
猫 cat (māo) = 犭dog (quǎn) + 艹 cǎo (grass) + 田 tián (field)
狗 dog (gǒu) = 犭dog (quǎn) + 勹 bāo (wrap) + 口 kǒu (mouth)
I have two questions:
1) Why a dog radical has the dog in it with other components?
2) Why a cat has the dog radical it in?
These words are not difficult to remember. For a cat, I use'meow', which is somehow similar to māo. For a dog, I stick to 'Go, go, dog!', which sounds a bit like gǒu.
However, I am curious about the origin of these words.
 - 1. Both 狗 and 貓 are 形聲字. 2. Nobody says 犭 can only be used for Canidae. – user3a Jan 15 '17 at 12:10
The radical in 猫 actually comes from 豸 zhi4 (beast), which you can still see in the traditional character 貓.
Whereas the radical in 狗 is in fact 犭 quan3.
The simplified version of 猫 got the 犭 quan3 radical because of trait reduction and semantic affinity (dog -> beast).
If it sounds easier to you, you can think of 犭 quan3 in simplified Chinese as generically referring to an animal, as in 狼 (wolf), 狮 (lion), 猴 (monkey), 狐 (fox) and words relating to animals as 猎 (hunt).
As for your other question:
The dog radical 犭 comes from 犬 which is a pictogram, still used in some words today, especially dog breeds. No radicals other than the image itself. Here you can see an evolution of the picture. (Source: Wenlin, and possibly 说文解字).
enter image description here
If you are talking about the modern character 狗 gou3, it comes from the semantic/radical 犭 quan3 plus the phonetic part 句 ju4. It was probably a colloquial or popular name for "dog" which has made it into the standard language, whereas 犬 keeps a more classical and scientific flavor.
 - 1
 Thank you very much for the detailed explanation. The picture is very interesting. You have made my day. I am very happy that I have learned something new today. – Luzing Jan 15 '17 at 12:49
 - The phonetic part 句 has another pronunciation gou3, exactly the same as 狗 – jf328 Jan 17 '17 at 12:07
 - I cannot find reference of the gou3 pronunciation. It appears to have gou1, (and some sources list also gou4) probably as a variant of 勾. Do you have any links? – blackgreen Jan 17 '17 at 12:24
 - _USER_ _URL_.htm – Graham Ou Apr 7 '17 at 15:54
Your Answer


Oratory comes from the latin, orare, which means to pray. Both are buildings that are set aside as a place for people to gather for prayer, worship, and the reception of the sacraments.Some people use chapel and oratory interchangeably, as they often fulfill the same purpose, but in a technical sense, they are different.
The sacraments of initiation, first communion, and matrimony are recorded in parish churches. This is what sets an oratory apart from a chapel. Oratories often functions the same way a parish church does in regards to record keeping. Before Mystical Rose was given the designation as an oratory, these sacraments were performed here but recorded at St. Patrick's Church across the street. Since its designation as an oratory, Mystical Rose has been keeping its own sacramental records.
The designation "oratory" is granted by the bishop of a local diocese.


Why Are Aquarius So Nice?
Photo: Getty Image
Why Are Aquarius So Nice?
Aquarius is so nice. All the zodiac signs have special qualities, but Aquarius is known for being one of the kindest.
Born between the dates January 20 - February 18, Aquarius is a zodiac sign who helps others in times of trouble.
Why is Aquarius so nice?
Aquarius is associated with the eleventh astrology house which is about people and helping others.
RELATED: 7 Brutal Truths About Loving An Aquarius (As Written By One)
Aquarius enjoys humanitarian work and uses their intelligence to make a difference in the world.
One famous Aquarius who was so nice is President Abraham Lincoln.
He exhibited the purity of the Aquarius zodiac sign through his leadership while President of the United States in the passing of the 13th Amendment which led to the emancipation of slavery.
Other famous Aquarians who were kind and giving are Thomas Edison, who invented the light bulb.
Another Aquarius who made history is Rosa Parks. She stood up for her rights and felt the brunt of all humanity when she was unjustly treated for refusing to be treated unfairly.
Charles Darwin was also an Aquarius who some may consider having been nice, he contributed scientific findings with the world when he didn't have to.
These Aquarian individuals went above and beyond what people in society would consider their civic duty.
In essence to say Aquarius is 'nice' is to simplify the fact that this zodiac sign is the humanitarian of astrology.
Aquarius can be shy or outgoing. But Aquarius is always a loyal and trusted friend.
RELATED: Best Careers For Aquarius Zodiac Signs
Lots of celebrities are nice Aquarius zodiac signs, too.
Aquarius is easily adaptable to changing situations, so they are easy to be around during difficult times.
Aquarius does not fear the unknown. Their kind nature is what you see, even when they feel confident solving a difficult problem.
An Aquarius's positive outlook, this is part of the reason they are so nice to the people that surround them.
For example, Ashton Kutcher is another famous Aquarius zodiac sign who people would refer to as 'nice'.
In fact, Hollywood Reporter covered a story sharing how Kutcher tweeted his phone number for a genuine connection with real people.
A pessimistic attitude tends to affect most people's moods, but Aquarius doesn't have this problem; they are just way too nice.
Look at Bob Marley, another famous Aquarius who was so easy-going. Every song he wrote expressed a strong mindset driven toward positive change.
Although no one can be happy 24/7, Aquarius does a good job maintaining their inner peace, and perhaps this is the secret to their niceness.
They restore power by placing emphasis on needed alone time.
Just ask Jennifer Aniston, who talks a lot about me-time.
Aniston is another famous Aquarius who is not only nice in real life, but she played a famous kind character on Friends, the most-watched sitcom ever.
By paying attention to their desires, Aquarius can clearly see the desires of others — lending a helping hand when necessary.
Aquarius feels best in a group setting, can you imagine America without John Hancock, an Aquarius? What would the Declaration of Independence be without his signature?
Because of these charitable and nice personality traits, Aquarius is comfortable with giving back to the community through acts of service.
Their Aquarius zodiac signs have a kind heart that is motivated by their progressive strength.
Unafraid to be who they truly are, Aquarius is admired for their originality and strive to better the world around them.
Aquarius is heavily concerned with equality for all.
RELATED: Spot-On Facts About The Aquarius Zodiac Sign That Explain These Compassionate, Intelligent People Perfectly
Generally speaking, Aquarius was made for protesting for equal rights (which is definitely needed right now). Just look at Frederick Douglas, he's an Aquarius, too.
It is said that Aquarius doesn't see any boundaries between people, Ellen Degeneres who has her Sun and Venus, the planet of love and beauty in the sign of Aquarius. Ellen has made so many people feel comfortable telling stories on her show.
She enjoys learning from others and uses her knowledge in positive ways.
Instead, they value every person for their own unique qualities, ask anyone what they think of Oprah, an Aquarius with three planets in this zodiac sign, the embodiment of acceptance.
Oprah is a great listener which reveals the nicer side to an Aquarius zodiac sign. Who doesn't love to be heard?
Aquarius zodiac signs are unselfish and willing to give a part of themselves to whoever may need it.
Oprah used her platform to support minority writers and also to serve those who are less fortunate.
Aquarius is so nice that they will never try to change someone, but rather fight for the world to accept them just as they've already done.
For them, it doesn't matter who the person is, they will always show respect and appreciation.
Michael Jordan, a triple Aquarius, never tried to get even with the coach that told him he'd never play.
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Instead, he improved his game and became one of the best basketball player who ever lived.
Their kindness is unlike any others.
While it might be hard to model the Aquarius mindset, we should all aim to act the same way.
RELATED: The 10 Best And Worst Personality Traits Of Aquarius + Their Perfect Love Match
Since they consider their partner to be equal, Aquarius understands that everyone has their own set of needs.
They do not believe in possessing another and want to give independence to the people in their life, especially their partners.
Just look at Yoko Ono, an Aquarius who married John Lennon, leading to his break from the Beatles band.
She understood the value of giving a person the freedom to do things on their own timeline.
She didn't adhere to societal norms but instead looked to help in whatever way was needed depending on the situation at hand.
Aquarius is so nice. They help us put things into perspective.
They show us that the world isn't as scary or mean as we might have perceived.
There is the enjoyment that comes from helping others.
We aren't meant to be such selfish human beings, but rather enhance our world as a collective unit.
Aquarius does not feel that their value would ever be diminished by the value of others.
It's okay to uplift each other — there's enough to go around in a world that fosters equality.
By looking at the Aquarius mindset, we can see that there is great power in respecting others.
Each example of how nice Aquarius reminds us to first focus on our needs and then reach out to help with the needs of others.
Thank you, Aquarius, for being such a kind light in all our lives!
RELATED: 7 Ways To Truly Love An Aquarius Woman


Khaos
Archive for November 23rd, 2002
Do Patterns and Frameworks Reduce Discovery Costs?
Saturday, November 23rd, 2002
Asking whether patterns and frameworks reduce discovery costs is like asking whether someone who knows something about billing is going to have an easier time making a billing system than someone who doesn't. Of course! The problem is whether we have the right patterns and frameworks to reduce discovery costs. If not, how can we get them?
– Ralph Johnson
Too many projects look for the "home run" in reusable platforms and frameworks. Frameworks work well only if they can predict well: to predict what will change, and what will not. This is a difficult enough problem for individual objects or modules, let alone for extensible application skeletons. Small frameworks like MVC work, but few large frameworks enjoy success.
– Jim Coplien
Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications, Beyond the hype (panel): do patterns and frameworks reduce discovery costs?


text:
Purpose: To evaluate shear bond strength and microleakage of a new self-etching/self-adhesive fissure sealant
on prismless enamel compared with conventional fissure sealing.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 extracted third molars were assigned to 3 main groups: group 1: selfetching/ self-adhesive sealant, without acid etching; group 2: self-etching/self-adhesive sealant, with prior acid etching; group 3: conventional fissure sealing (control group). After specimen preparation, each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to storage time (1-day water storage, 3-month water storage, and 1-day water
storage followed by 5000x thermocycling). The shear bond strength was determined with a universal testing
machine, according to ISO standard 29022. Afterwards, the failure mode was analyzed. An additional 24 third
molars were used for microleakage assessment. The fissure pattern was sealed in strict accordance with the
manufacturers' instructions. After thermocycling, the dye penetration was examined. Data were analyzed using
the Mann-Whitney U-Test at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The shear bond strength of the self-etching/self-adhesive fissure sealant without prior acid etching was
significantly lower (4.3 MPa) than that of the self-etching/self-adhesive fissure sealant with prior acid etching
(17.1 MPa) and the conventional fissure sealing (19.1 MPa). Microleakage was significantly lower in the control
group (1.1%) and in the group with the self-etching/self-adhesive sealant with prior acid etching (0.8%) compared to the group that used the self-etching/self-adhesive material alone (49.4%).


text:
Hello! My name is xxx. Im from argentina. I wanted to know when i should use the ju: and ju. It has to do with the vowel or consonat followed?
It's difficult to know how best to answer this kind of query. The grammatical and spelling errors (reproduced here without correction) make it clear that the person making the query has not achieved a very high standard of English, nor indeed of literacy.
What does she mean by asking when to "use" juː and ju? If she wants to know which words I would transcribe with one and which with the other, the simple answer is to look them up in the dictionary. Possibly, though, the query is a more abstract and sophisticated one: how do I determine when to write one, and when the other. The brief answer to this depends on the distinction I draw in English between strong vowels and weak vowels.
Weak vowels are the vowels that can result from the weakening of strong vowels. They are found only in unstressed syllables. The English weak vowels are i, u and ə), plus sometimes ɪ and ʊ.
So if the vowel we are concerned with is in a lexically stressed syllable, we must write it juː — for example beauty ˈbjuːti, acute əˈkjuːt, amusement əˈmjuːzmənt. The same is true if it is in a strong (though unstressed) syllable: for example avenue ˈævənjuː, attitude ˈætɪtjuːd.
You will find ju only in a weak syllable. Examples include valuation ˌvæljuˈeɪʃən and stimulation ˌstɪmjuˈleɪʃən (though in the latter you can also get jə as the weak vowel, thus ˌstɪmjəˈleɪʃən). If the preceding consonant is an alveolar plosive, the j element usually coalesces with it to give a palato-alveolar affricate, as in situation ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən: that is, tju→tʃu. In words where weak (j)u is followed by ə, for example annual ˈænjuəl, Samuel ˈsæmjuəl, the two vowels may combine into a diphthong, and there may be further vowel reductions. Study the entries for words such as actual(ly), gradual(ly).
Or perhaps the query is still more sophisticated, and is triggered by the fact that I transcribe jʊ in stimulus ˈstɪm jʊl əs but ju in stimulate ˈstɪm ju leɪt. This is a by-product of my analysis of syllabification, and I find that in my own pronunciation and that of many others that the back weak vowel is not as tense/high in closed syllables as it can be in open syllables.
But that isn't something I want to try to explain to someone who not only confuses 'following' with 'followed' but doesn't even know how to formulate a yes/no question in English.
At an elementary or intermediate level you can achieve a perfectly acceptable standard of English pronunciation by totally ignoring the distinctions I draw between strong uː, strong ʊ and weak u, ʊ. After all, millions of native speakers (those who come from Scotland and Ulster) ignore them.


Lifestyle & Belief
Why do we love conspiracy theories?
Conspiracy theories are a dime a dozen — especially if you spend much time on the internet. And they are not unique to Americans. Researchers now have some clues about why conspiracy theories are so popular, and persistent.
Global Politics
Violence impacts Mexico tourism
Violence in Mexico is not just taking a toll along the border. It's impacting tourism to the country's interior.The World's Jason Margolis has more from San Miguel de Allende, a popular tourist destination in central Mexico.


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Masonic Temple (old)
As the 19th century was winding to a close, the Masonic fraternity in Detroit was starting to build a growing membership. There were many Masonic branches spread out throughout Detroit at the time, and in 1891, they agreed to consolidate their groups into one home, united in solidarity and in base of operations.
On Aug. 11, 1892, Masonic groups bought land on Lafayette Boulevard and First Street, just outside of the heart of downtown, for a little more than $50,000 (about $1.2 million today, when adjusted for inflation). To pay for the $344,198 building (about $8.75 million today), the individual members were asked to chip in about $80 each, the equivalent of $1,800 today. The Ashlar, Oriental and Palestine lodges, the Monroe chapter and the Damascus Commandery gave $1,000 each ($23,500 today); Corinthian gave $1,400 ($33,000 today); the Peninsular Chapter and Detroit and Union responded with $1,500 each ($35,000 today); Zion forked over $3,000 ($70,000 today); and the Monroe Council gave $500 ($11,800 today). The groups then united to form what would become the Masonic Temple Association of Detroit, which still exists today. The association was formally formed March 19, 1894.
To build their new home, the Masons turned to another Mason, George D. Mason and his firm, Mason & Rice. The plans and specifications for the building were formally adopted on Dec. 3, 1892. Excavation began Oct. 1, 1894, and the cornerstone was laid Jan. 23, 1895. The dedication ceremonies were held with much fanfare and celebrated by thousands of Masons and their families on St. John the Baptist Day, June 24, 1895. The Masonic groups moved in over the next several months. Among the city leaders active in getting the temple built were future Mayor William C. Maybury, a past master who served as chairman of the Masonic Relations Committee. Just under two years after the new temple opened, Maybury would be elected mayor of Detroit.
The Masons' new home would tower seven stories over the street, a 140-foot-tall red brick building. The building quickly became a landmark downtown as one of the city's tallest buildings, at least for a few years. The Free Press called the temple "one of the showplaces of the era" before the automobile made Detroit king, the paper noted in 1935. Its auditorium had room for 750 people - 400 on the main floor and 350 in the balcony - but that would soon prove to be not nearly enough space. At the time it was built, the temple's membership numbered only 3,200. By 1908, the building was crowded to capacity as the rise in Detroit's industrial might flooded the organization with new members. Concessions had to be made, such as putting restrictions on the use of the dining room and assembly halls.
"We thought the old temple would care for our needs for 50 years, but we outgrew it in 12 years," Frank Fisher, secretary of the Masonic Temple Association, told the Christian Science Monitor in February 1926.
The Masonic Temple Association decided to add onto the building, and bought another 50 feet of land along Lafayette Boulevard from the Newland Estate and 16 more feet from the Benevolent Order of Elks. Architect George D. Mason, who had originally designed the building, was brought back on board to explore enlarging the temple. Postcards were printed up touting the plan to extend the building east, along Lafayette Boulevard. But the temple's rolls continued to grow, and the plan was abandoned in 1913: The association decided even the addition wouldn't be enough room. It was time to look for a new home where the still booming membership could continue to grow. The association settled on a parcel of land north of downtown on Second Avenue and Bagg Street (now known as Temple Avenue). The cornerstone of the new temple was laid in 1922, and the building opened four years later.
After the Masons moved to comfier confines in their new temple, the building housed the Cadillac Athletic Club. But when the club went under in the 1930s, the building fell back into the Masonic Temple Association's hands. The Masons were paying more than $10,000 a year (nearly $160,000 today) in taxes and maintenance on the empty building. In November 1935, it was announced that the landmark would be leveled. Clarence W. Videan, the group's president, told the Free Press at the time that by leveling the building and turning it into a parking lot, the land could make the group money instead of cost it money. Because the old temple was across from the Fort Shelby Hotel, it's assumed the Masons did quite well on their parking lot. Demolition began in late December 1935 and was finished in early 1936.
Today, the site is home to the 411 Building, a Comerica Bank office tower built in 1971 for Manufacturers Bank, which merged with Comerica in 1992.


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Autumn Fruits and Seeds
In autumn many trees have lots of fruits and seeds. Farmers are busy picking fruits like apples and pears to send to the shops.
Other trees have seeds like conkers and acorns. We often have fun playing with sycamore helicopter seeds which spin round as they fall to the ground. Pine cones have lots of seeds inside.
As the weather gets colder squirrels collect the acorns and nuts which they hide to eat in winter. They need to remember where they are hidden.


System Administration Guide: Network Services
ProcedureHow to Create Messages to Be Sent to Users
After the user is logged in, system-related or application-related messages are displayed on screen. The ftpaccess file lists the events that trigger associated message statements.
 1. Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
 2. Add the following entries to the ftpaccess file:
 message message-file [when [class...]]
 Keyword that is used to specify the message file to be displayed when a user logs in or executes the command to change the working directory.
 Name of the message file to be displayed.
Example 28–10 Creating Messages to Be Sent to Users
message /etc/ftpd/Welcome login anon guest
message .message cwd=*
The preceding example states that the file /etc/ftpd/Welcome is displayed at login for users of the class anon or guest. The second line states that the.message file in the current working directory is displayed for all users.
Message files are created relative to the chroot directory for guest and anonymous users.


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"When Hungate Was Taken Down.........." – Solid And Ephemeral: The Dichotomy At The Heart Of The Archaeology Of Clearance In 1930s York.
Author(s): Peter A. Connelly
In the early 1930s the Hungate district of York had become renowned as an area of dilapidated buildings and people living in poverty. In parallel to this the York Corporation had embarked on a new housing programme. This new programme required tenants and in an act of self fulfilling prophecy this process drove the demolition of Hungate.
This act of clearance is solidly defined in the archaeology, through the remains of levelled buildings and rubble. However, the act of demolition is fleeting and very little can be said about the final days of the Hungate population. Work in 2017 has also revealed new traces in the archaeology, suggesting a previously unrecorded period of continuity.
This paper will map the managed clearance of Hungate during the 1930s. It will conclude by drawing a parallel with AD 5th century York, where similar challenges are found in the demolition archaeology of that period.
Cite this Record
"When Hungate Was Taken Down.........." – Solid And Ephemeral: The Dichotomy At The Heart Of The Archaeology Of Clearance In 1930s York.. Peter A. Connelly. Presented at Society for Historical Archaeology, Albuquerque, NM. 2018 ( tDAR id: 441829)
This Resource is Part of the Following Collections
min long: -8.158; min lat: 49.955 ; max long: 1.749; max lat: 60.722 ;
Individual & Institutional Roles
Contact(s): Society for Historical Archaeology


Lava Lake Nyiragongo
The eruption of the Democratic Republic of the Congo volcano, Mount Nyiragongo in 2021 started on 22 May 2021. The eruption threatened the 2 million people populated area of Goma city, the provincial capital on the northern shore of Lake Kivu. Lava flow reached Goma International Airport.
Residence try to douse fire from lava
Lava reaches homes in Goma
Mt Nyiragongo Eruption
Other eruptions
2002 Eruption
The eruption started on 17 January 2002 and reached the outskirts of the city of Goma. Warnings had been given and 400,000 people were evacuated from the city across the Rwandan border during the eruption. Lava reached the runway at Goma International Airport. 250 people died as a result of the eruption.
1977 Eruption
On 10 January 1977, the crater walls of the volcano cracked and lava flowed down the mountainof the volcano at speeds of up to 60 km/hr (37 mph), the fastest lava flow recorded to date. Within 30 minutes, the lava lake had emptied, flowing north, south, and west of the volcano. At least 600 people died as a result of the eruption.


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0808 _PHONE_
When the Triple Glazing Superheroes say that triple glazed windows and doors help to save the Earth, they really do mean it! The Kyoto Protocol is an international environmental treaty – currently with 37 member countries – that aims to counter Global Warming. Each member's Government has committed to reducing their country's emissions in many ways.
With regards to homebuilding and renovation, the Building Regulations sets minimum thermal performance standards for replacement windows, and the Code for Sustainable Homes suggests that new build properties should adhere to even higher standards, all in the spirit of reducing household, national and international carbon emissions. Both standards allude to the importance of triple glazed windows and doors.
To support this further, the Passive House Standard – the World's fastest growing building energy performance standard – promotes the philosophy of achieving maximum thermal comfort for minimum energy costs through, amongst other things, better insulation and the optimisation of solar gain; both key features of triple glazed windows and doors.
Don't be fooled, triple glazed windows and doors really do help to save the planet!


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Flashcards for plant identification
These are 4 x 6" laminated photo-cards of some of my favorite wild Ozark herbs. Note: This product is no longer in production, however, many of the same plants are included in my book 10 Plants to Know.
- Many of us want to know the plants well enough to be able to rely on them in case there's an urgent time of need. Perhaps such a time will never happen if our lifetime, but could be a future scenario that will affect our children or grandchildren.
- Resources like these cards, tucked away in a chest or drawer, can always be pulled out and put to use later.
- Many of us who are plant people want to learn these things now, and put to use what we learn as we learn it.
These cards are great for teaching yourself or others, and are easy for even children.
Some of the plants spotlighted are valuable medicinal plants, some are edible, some are useful in other ways like as food for pollinators, birds or as dye and fiber. This information is included as a laminated reference card.
Not listed in the shop at this time, but email me if interested: [email protected]
Each set contains 5 cards
- Prunella (All-Heal)
- Wild Red Raspberry
- Solomon's Seal
- Wild Hydrangea
- Trumpet Honeysuckle
- Joe-Pye Weed
On the front of each card is a photo or two of the plant in fruit or bloom. On the back of the card is a photo of the leaves or immature fruit. A summary card of plant properties and traditional use is included.
The front of each card is clearly labeled with common and binomial name but the back is not. This is so you can learn to identify them by sight before there are the major clues of ripe fruit or flowers.


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Intellient Lens Memory?
So does this actually re-scale the video from the source to use the entire panel, or as I would suspect just zoom the image to fit the screen?
In other words, the 2.40:1 image is zoomed to fit the screen but there is no increase in the number of pixels being used as in a true anamorphic compression/lens set up.


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What have Anxiety and a delightful future have in common? Well for most people they are both in the future and both have not happened yet.
Anxiety is generally about planning a future that is pretty much crappy and undesired. Anxiety experts also tend not to have any conscious ending for the unpleasant events they imagine. This causes some more uncertainty and will tend to promote the anxiety cycle again. Structurally there is little difference if any between Delight and Anxiety. Clearly the content is evaluated in a kind of either great or terrible way.
NLP is well known for its process orientated approach over content or situational details. This short video from an NLP Practitioner training in Newcastle upon Tyne illustrates two NLP Operational Presupositions really nicely.
1. People have all the resources they need.
2. Structure ( or process ) is more useful than content and is a higher logical level.


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: Large turkey-tail point is made of Harrison County flint. It is leaf-shaped or feather-shaped with a small base that has shallow side notches. It is mostly gray in color with areas of light gray, dark gray, dark brown and very pale brown. At the base and on one edge close to the tip there are small areas where the weathered outer layer of the flint core from which the point was made (cortex) is still present. The biface is unbroken, which is unusual for turkey-tail points. View on Ohio Memory.
: AL07249 Subjects
: American Indians; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology Places
: Point, projectile


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Costa Rica Mission Field Notebook
Do sounds of animals change composition with the vertical structure of the rainforest?
Write your hypothesis.
My hypothesis is that there will be more birds in the top canopy than the understory because they need to fly.
Listen to the collected samples. Select what sounds you heard in each canopy layer.
0 - you do not hear any species in the animal class (birds, insects, mammals, amphibians) in a single recording.
1-2 - you heard one or two calls or songs from an animal class in a single recording.
3+ - you heard more than two calls or songs from an animal class in a single recording.
Plot your results.
Describe your results.
Each plot represents to total count between my two samples for each section of the vertical structure. Overall, there were more birds in caopy while there were less amphibians in the canopy.
Write your conclusion.
My conclusion is that birds were not more prevalent in the canopy because tinamous, a flightless bird, made sounds in the understory.


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If you want to learn a cool easy effect in iMovie, the picture in picture effect is one of those. You know when you watch a news report and see a reporter talk about something going on in the world. Well the majority of the time, you'll see either a picture or video of that event on part of the screen. That's basically what the picture in picture effect does. It adds a video or picture over the top of another video so that they can both be played and seen at the same time.
You're probably thinking that the picture in picture effect must be difficult to achieve in a basic editing program like iMovie. Well guess what? You're in luck! It's super easy and this iMovie picture in picture tutorial video will show you exactly what I mean.
iMovie Picture in Picture Tutorial Video
Now that you've watched this video you should be ready to add the picture in picture effect to any video you create. That is if it needs it of course. Here's a recap of the steps to remember:
iMovie Picture in Picture Tutorial Steps
1. As always, start a new project.
2. Add a video or picture to your project.
3. Find another video or picture and drag it directly over the top of the first clip or picture you added to your project.
4. Select "Picture in Picture" in the list of options.
5. Make the proper adjustments to that clip. (Resize and move the clip or picture where you want it on the screen).
6. Finally, hit done.
Just like that you have learned how to use the picture in picture effect in iMovie. Don't be surprised either when you realize how much you use this effect for a variety of things in iMovie.


the penetration of methamphetamine into drywall and the ability of paints to encapsulate the methamphetamine on drywall. Clothing and building materials were contaminated in a stainless steel chamber by aerosolizing methamphetamine in a beaker heater. The amount of methamphetamine surface contamination was determined by sampling a grid pattern on the material prior to attempting to clean the materials. After cleaning, the materials were again sampled, and the degree of decontamination noted. We found that household clothing and response gear worn by first responders was easily decontaminated using a household detergent in a household washing machine. A single wash removed over 95% of the methamphetamine from these materials. The study also indicated that methamphetamine-contaminated, smooth non-porous surfaces can be easily cleaned to below detectable levels using only mild cleaners. More porous surfaces such as plywood and drywall were unlikely to be decontaminated to below regulatory levels even with three washes using a mild cleaner. This may be due to methamphetamine penetration into the paint on these surfaces. Evaluation of methamphetamine contamination on drywall indicated that approximately 40% of the methamphetamine was removed using a wipe, while another 60% remained in the paint layer. Stronger cleaners such as those with active ingredients including sodium hypochlorite or quaternary ammonia and commercial decontamination agents were more effective than mild detergent-based cleaners and may reduce methamphetamine contamination to below regulatory levels. Results from the encapsulation studies indicate that sprayed on oil-based paint will encapsulate methamphetamine on drywall and plywood surfaces up to 4.5 months, while latex paints were less effective. PMID
 12. Decontamination of clothing and building materials associated with the clandestine production of methamphetamine.
 PubMed
 Serrano, Kate A; Martyny, John W; Kofford, Shalece; Contreras, John R; Van Dyke, Mike V
 2012-01-01
 This study was designed to determine how easily methamphetamine can be removed from clothing and building materials, utilizing different cleaning materials and methods. The study also addressed the penetration of methamphetamine into drywall and the ability of paints to encapsulate the methamphetamine on drywall. Clothing and building materials were contaminated in a stainless steel chamber by aerosolizing methamphetamine in a beaker heater. The amount of methamphetamine surface contamination was determined by sampling a grid pattern on the material prior to attempting to clean the materials. After cleaning, the materials were again sampled, and the degree of decontamination noted. We found that household clothing and response gear worn by first responders was easily decontaminated using a household detergent in a household washing machine. A single wash removed over 95% of the methamphetamine from these materials. The study also indicated that methamphetamine-contaminated, smooth non-porous surfaces can be easily cleaned to below detectable levels using only mild cleaners. More porous surfaces such as plywood and drywall were unlikely to be decontaminated to below regulatory levels even with three washes using a mild cleaner. This may be due to methamphetamine penetration into the paint on these surfaces. Evaluation of methamphetamine contamination on drywall indicated that approximately 40% of the methamphetamine was removed using a wipe, while another 60% remained in the paint layer. Stronger cleaners such as those with active ingredients including sodium hypochlorite or quaternary ammonia and commercial decontamination agents were more effective than mild detergent-based cleaners and may reduce methamphetamine contamination to below regulatory levels. Results from the encapsulation studies indicate that sprayed on oil-based paint will encapsulate methamphetamine on drywall and plywood surfaces up to 4.5 months, while latex paints were less effective.
 13. Personal protective equipment and decontamination of adults and children.
 PubMed
 Holland, Michael G; Cawthon, David
 2015-02-01
 Accurate identification of the hazardous material is essential for proper care. Efficient hospital security and triage must prevent contaminated victims from entering the emergency department (ED) and causing secondary contamination. The decontamination area should be located outside the ambulance entrance. Decontamination priorities are protection of the health care worker, utilization of Level C personal protective equipment, and proper decontamination of the exposed patient. Decontamination proceeds in a head-to-toe sequence. Run-off water is a hazardous waste. Hospital and Community Management Planning for these emergencies is essential for proper preparation and effective response to the hazardous materials incident.
 14. Personal protective equipment and decontamination of adults and children.
 PubMed
 Holland, Michael G; Cawthon, David
 2015-02-01
 Accurate identification of the hazardous material is essential for proper care. Efficient hospital security and triage must prevent contaminated victims from entering the emergency department (ED) and causing secondary contamination. The decontamination area should be located outside the ambulance entrance. Decontamination priorities are protection of the health care worker, utilization of Level C personal protective equipment, and proper decontamination of the exposed patient. Decontamination proceeds in a head-to-toe sequence. Run-off water is a hazardous waste. Hospital and Community Management Planning for these emergencies is essential for proper preparation and effective response to the hazardous materials incident. PMID:25455662
 15. DECISION ANALYSIS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS FOR METAL AND MASONRY DECONTAMINATION TECHNOLOGIES
 SciTech Connect
 M.A. Ebadian, Ph.D.
 1999-01-01
 The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a comparative analysis of innovative technologies for the non-aggressive removal of coatings from metal and masonry surfaces and the aggressive removal of one-quarter to one-inch thickness of surface from structural masonry. The technologies tested should be capable of being used in nuclear facilities. Innovative decontamination technologies are being evaluated under standard, non-nuclear conditions at the FIU-HCET technology assessment site in Miami, Florida. This study is being performed to support the OST, the Deactivation and Decommissioning (D&D) Focus Area, and the environmental restoration of DOE facilities throughout the DOE complex by providing objective evaluations of currently available decontamination technologies.
 16. Verification of screening level for decontamination implemented after Fukushima nuclear accident
 PubMed Central
 Ogino, Haruyuki; Ichiji, Takeshi; Hattori, Takatoshi
 2012-01-01
 The screening level for decontamination that has been applied for the surface of the human body and contaminated handled objects after the Fukushima nuclear accident was verified by assessing the doses that arise from external irradiation, ingestion, inhalation and skin contamination. The result shows that the annual effective dose that arises from handled objects contaminated with the screening level for decontamination (i.e. 100 000 counts per minute) is <1 mSv y−1, which can be considered as the intervention exemption level in accordance with the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations. Furthermore, the screening level is also found to protect the skin from the incidence of a deterministic effect because the absorbed dose of the skin that arises from direct deposition on the surface of the human body is calculated to be lower than the threshold of the deterministic effect assuming a practical exposure duration. PMID:22228683
 17. Wet decontamination-induced stratum corneum hydration--effects on the skin barrier function to diethylmalonate.
 PubMed
 Loke, W K; U, S H; Lau, S K; Lim, J S; Tay, G S; Koh, C H
 1999-01-01
 Decontamination of chemical agents from the skin uses both dry and wet decontamination processes. Recent studies have shown that wet decontamination frequently results in stratum corneum hydration. To evaluate the hydration effect of wet decontamination on the skin barrier function and hence on the decontamination efficiency, a series of comparative studies were carried out on human skin contaminated with the nerve agent simulant diethylmalonate, using decontamination media having different salinity and surfactants. The results showed that, compared to non-decontaminated skin, remnant diethylmalonate on decontaminated skin penetrated at an accelerated rate in the immediate 2 h following decontamination. This transient enhancement effect, ranging from 20 to 98%, was depended on the nature of the decontamination media used and was more obvious in skin samples that were decontaminated 1 h postexposure. All decontamination media exhibited this effect, with the greatest enhancement observed in the following order: anionic surfactant > cationic surfactant > non-ionic surfactant > deionized water > 0.9% saline > 9% saline.
 18. Laser surface cleaning
 SciTech Connect
 Crivella, E.C.; Freiwald, J.; Freiwald, D.A.
 1996-12-31
 Decontamination of contaminated metal and material recycle, two of 31 priority needs identified by the D&D focus group, are the most promising applications for laser ablation within the DOE complex. F2 Associates has developed a robotic laser ablation system that is capable of high contamination rates, waste volume reduction, surface pore cleaning


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Implementing a New Credit Score in Lender Strategies (UPDATED STUDY)
UPDATED for 2020
At first, the process of converting strategies to use newscores can seem overwhelmingly complex. Generic riskscores have become deeply embedded within strategiesand often strategy design is contingent upon the scoreperformance. In reality, there is just one central question that must beanswered for successfully converting a strategy to use anew credit score:
What is the value of the new score (NewScore) that represents the same default rate orpopulation volume designated by the previous score(OldScore)?
All conversion processes revolve around answering this question and essentially follow the same steps. The analytic and resource requirement for each step in the conversionprocess is determined by the complexity and magnitude ofthe specific strategy. Furthermore, the process must befollowed when converting from one version of a score to anew version or converting from one brand of score toanother brand.


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During the different phases of a masonry project, contractors collect detailed information about the labor productivity of its workers and the factors that influence productivity. Information includes quantitative data such as hours, activities, and tasks, and qualitative data such as ratings and personality factors. Personality factors have been found to be a key aspect that influences the compatibility of a crew and the productivity in masonry construction. This paper proposes a mathematical framework to determine how the compatibility between the workers in a crew can be used to predict productivity. A standard method for quantifying personality is used to determine the compatibility of a crew and empirically define a probability density to predict productivity. The probability density determines, for a given compatibility, the average productivity for a crew. The most interesting part of this probability density is that it accounts for variations in the productivity, resulting from the interaction and the relationships between the workers in a crew. The proposed probability distribution can be used to make more realistic predictions, by calculating confidence intervals, of the productivity of masonry crews and to better estimate times of construction, avoid crew conflicts, and find practical ways to increase production.
masonry construction, productivity, process improvement, crew formation, probability density
Florez, L. & Cortissoz, J. C. 2017, 'Probability Density Function for Predicting Productivity in Masonry Construction Based on the Compatibility of a Crew' In:, 25th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction. Heraklion, Greece, 9-12 Jul 2017. pp 655-662