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Rest and Motion in physics explanation with examples
Learning objectives
After reading this page or watching the video at the end you would be able to
Concept of Rest and Motion
In our daily life ,we see lots of things moving around. For example car passing through from one place to other, person riding on a bicycle and many more like this.
Apart from moving things and objects we also observe things that are not moving at all.
So you have two states of objects in physics. Rest and motion are these two states of objects under consideration.
What is motion in physics?
In scientific terms let us now state motion definition physics
an object is said to be in state of motion, if it changes its position with the description of time.
This is how we define motion in physics.
What is rest in physics ?
In scientific terms definition of rest in physics is
If an object does not change it position with the passage of time then it is at rest
Rest and motion examples
Examples of motion in physics
Some examples of motion in physics include
 - moving car
 - rotating ferris wheal
 - person walking on the street
 - ballerina dancing
 - blood flowing in veins and arteries
This short video is showing some examples of motion or moving people/objects
Example of rest in physics
Some examples of objects at rest in physics are
 - book kept on table
 - benches in the park
 - person sitting on the chair
examples of rest
Picture showing some examples of objects at rest
apart from these many more examples of rest and motion can be found in nature or space around you.
Both the motion and rest are relative terms
Let us explain above statement with the help of example.
Let us consider a mobile on the table is resting at its position.
Now what do you think about this mobile:-
(a) is it at rest or
(b) is it moving i.e., changing its position with the passage of time.
Now we have stated before that Motion and rest are relative terms
☛ So for a person sitting on a chair near the table mobile is at rest.
☛ Now consider a hypothetical scenario where we station our self on moon.
☛ Now from there earth seems to change its position with time. This is because earth is rotating on its axis. So mobile along with the table is changing its position.
☛ So, it is moving for a person tracking it from moon.
Simplest case of motion is rectilinear motion. It is the motion of the object in a straight line or one dimension. But this is not the only kind of motion we study in physics.
We study about rotational motion. In this type of motion objects rotate about a certain fixed axis of rotation.
There are few other types of motions for example circular motion, periodic motion, simple harmonic motion etc.
Key points to remember
rest and motion key points concept map
What are point objects in kinematics?
In our description of object in motion, we sometimes treat the moving object as an point object. So this is an expression for objects in used in kinematics
Point object physics definition
Object under consideration can be treated as point object if the size of the object is much smaller than the distance traveled by it in a reasonable time duration.
Point object examples
 - Length of a motor car traveling a distance of 500 km can be neglected w.r.t distance traveled by it. So, motor car is treated as point object in calculations.
 - Earth or other planetary objects can be considered as a point object for studying their motion around the Sun. Even Sun can be treated as point object if we started talking in terms of Galaxies or inter galactic distances.
 - A cricket ball dropped from a height of 200 m can be considered as point object
Here in kinematics, we study ways to describe the motion without going into the cause of the motion.
Video explaining the concept of rest and motion in physics
link to this page by copying the following text
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Consequent to a big arson fire in a karaoke establishment, a new Karaoke Establishments Bill is to be implemented for providing a safer indoor environment for karaoke activities. There, a long list of fire safety provisions is specified. There are concerns from the local industry as it has not been demonstrated that following the new requirements will ensure fire safety. Building refurbishment works on corridor width, deadends and fire resistant construction of the partition walls are the three main points. Earlier studies show that those points are not too critical in providing fire safety. Instead, the heat release rate of burning in a karaoke should be studied.||Heat release rate is an important parameter that will affect the course of a fire by providing the driving energy. Earlier surveys of local karaokes indicated that furniture, partition materials, surface linings, floor coverings and carpets are the key combustible items. The importance of studying the probable heat release rate by burning those combustibles in a karaoke box is pointed out.||Full-scale burning tests on selected designs of karaoke should be performed to identify key issues on fire safety. The heat release rate of burning in a karaoke box under local design can then be modeled with the aid of the measured data. Room fire models might be applied to understand the probable fire environment. Results will be applied to investigate how the fire safety provisions can be improved. These include providing better passive building design such as the application of fire retardants; and designing appropriate active fire protection systems. The information is necessary for implementing the new generation of building fire safety codes.
|Number of pages||9|
|Journal||International journal on engineering performance-based fire codes|
|Publication status||Published - 2001|

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Distance Between Centerville, UT and Logan, UT
How many miles? 71 Miles / 114 Km
How many times? 1 hour 9 mins
Distance, Gas Consumption and Emission Notes
Distance from Centerville, UT to Logan, UT is 71Miles or 114 Km. You can get this distance about 1 hour 9 mins. If you want to planning travel with plane for 57 Miles or 92 Km, You can get this distance about 37 mins.
The estimated cost of gas to get between Centerville, UT and Logan, UT is $7.47.
* Average US MPG used for calculations is 21.6 MPG.
* Coordinates of Centerville, UT is 40._PHONE_, -_PHONE_ and coordinates of Logan, UT is 41._PHONE_, -_PHONE_


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Through 26 essays, immigrant writers explore their relationship to both their mother tongue and their learned one, English.
Internationally-educated nurses go through several hoops to practice as registered nurses in Canada. This wasn't the case in the early 1960s, specifically
Public health and safety guidelines change on a daily basis as the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across Canada. Information is conveyed in English,

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The Impact of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction on Measures of Stroke Rehabilitation Outcome
Şehri Ayaş 1,Selin Taflan Selçuk 2,Melek Zekiye Uluçam 3
1 Başkent Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
2 Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara, Türkiye**Başkent Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
3 Başkent Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
DOI : 10.4274/tftr.26879
Objective: To evaluate the impact of left ventricular ejection fraction on stroke rehabilitation outcome measures.
Materials and Methods: Forty first-ever stroke patients admitted to the inpatient rehabilitation unit at a tertiary research hospital were enrolled in the study. On the basis of the left ventricular ejection fraction, the patients were grouped into two groups: (1) those with low ejection fractions (ejection fraction ≤50%) and (2) those with high ejection fractions (ejection fraction >50%). Thirteen patients had low ejection fraction and 27 had high ejection fraction. Admission and discharge functional status was measured with total, motor and cognitive components of the Functional Independence MeasureTM (FIM). A Functional Ambulatory Scale was used to measure the ambulatory status of the patients upon discharge.
Results: The admission total, motor and cognitive FIM scores in both groups were not significantly different. However, the low ejection fraction group had significantly lower discharge motor, total FIM and functional ambulatory scores than did the high ejection fraction group.
Conclusion: A decreased left ventricular ejection fraction may impair walking ability and rehabilitation outcome in first-ever stroke patients.
Keywords : Ejection fraction, stroke, rehabilitatio


The effect of surface temperature on fingerprintsFeatured science projectScience project video
popular science fair projects
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Time required:
4 hours for preparation, 1 hour to carry out the science fair project experiment
Material availability:
Easily obtained at a supermarket
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This science fair project was done to investigate the effect of surface temperature on the quality of fingerprints obtained. The testing was done by extracting fingerprints from drinking glasses at various temperatures.
The fingerprint obtained from a surface with a lower temperature will be clearer.
The skin on the surface of our palm and feet has many ridges, called friction ridges. Every person will have a pattern of ridges that is unique only to them, and which will not change over time. The pattern of ridges on fingers is called the fingerprint.
These ridges help in amplifying the vibrations felt by our fingers, when rubbed over rough surfaces. They help us to feel and perceive the texture of a surface. Friction ridges also give us a better grip on smooth, wet, oily or slippery surfaces.
Fingerprints that are left on a surface are either patent or latent. Patent prints are left by substances like ink, blood, oil or paint, while latent prints are left on surfaces by skin secretions like oil or sweat. The latter is normally not visible to the naked eye. Forensic experts normally find and use the fingerprints found in a crime scene to identity the person or persons who had been present at the scene.
Scientific Terms
Fingerprint, friction ridges, amplify, vibration, patent fingerprint, latent fingerprint
The materials required for this science fair project:
- 6 drinking glasses
- 1 bag of ice
- 1 hot plate
- 1 thermometer
- Tap water
- 1 bottle of cocoa powder
- 1 soft brush
- 1 roll of transparent cellophane tape (30mm width)
- A4 size paper
- 1 plastic glove
- 1 piece of cloth
- 1 black marker
1. For this science fair project, the independent variable is the temperature of the drinking glasses. The dependent variable is the clarity of the fingerprint made on the glass. This is determined by comparing powdered copies of fingerprints obtained on pieces of cellophane tape. The constants (control variables) are the drinking glasses, the finger used to create the fingerprints, the cocoa power as well as the softness of the brush used.
2. Label the 6 drinking glasses as 0°C, 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C and 50°C respectively with the black marker. Record the temperatures on a sheet of A4 paper, 50mm apart.
3. Wear the plastic glove and carefully clean the drinking glasses with a wet cloth, removing all stains and fingerprints.
4. Fill the 6 glasses with tap water till they are about 80% full. Adjust the temperature of the water in each glass to 0°C, 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C or 50°C according to the temperature marked on each glass. Lower the temperature of the water by stirring in ice cubes, and increase the temperature of the water by placing the glass on a hot plate and setting it to the appropriate temperature.
5. Check the temperature of the water in each glass using a thermometer. Once the temperature of both the water and glass has stabilized, remove the plastic glove. Press a finger firmly against the surface of the glass to create a fingerprint.
6. Wear the plastic glove again and pour the water out from the glass. Allow the temperature of the glass to return to room temperature.
7. Sprinkle some cocoa powder on the surface of the glass. Using the soft brush gently dust the powder off the glass surface.A fingerprint will appear. Place the adhesive side of the transparent cellophane tape over the fingerprint to collect it. Then, stick the piece of tape onto the A4 paper, under the appropriate label.
8. Once all 6 prints have been taken and placed on the A4 paper, make a comparison and rate them 1 to 6. 1 being the clearest fingerprint and 6 being the least clear fingerprint.
The results show that the fingerprint obtained at 0°C was the most clear., The quality of the fingerprint obtained becomes more unclear as the temperature increases.
Glass temperature 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C 40°C 50°C
Fingerprint Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6
The hypothesis that fingerprints obtained from a surface with lower temperature will be clearer has been proven to be true.
Fingerprints are now used for identification of individuals and at crime scene investigations. Some banks even use fingerprint detectors to verify the identity of a person before financial transactions are permitted. Access to certain restricted areas may also be controlled by fingerprint scanning. Sometimes, crossing country borders also requires fingerprint identification.
Also consider
The science fair project may be repeated by using different types of surfaces like marble, PVC or wood finishing.
Fingerprint -
Fingerprinting -


Real-Time Collaboration
Definition - What does Real-Time Collaboration mean?
Real-time collaboration is a term used for software or technologies that allow multiple users to work together on a project in real time, or simultaneously. Challenges related to real-time collaboration involve making files commonly available to multiple users in different locations, and allowing these users to communicate without signal delays.
Techopedia explains Real-Time Collaboration
Different real-time collaboration tools have their own sets of features for accommodating this kind of group interaction. Some of these involve instant messaging or other real-time communications tools, while others involve file sharing so that multiple users can see files at the same time. Some of these resources even offer collaborative real-time editing, where files can be amended or altered jointly in real-time.
Those who are looking at real-time collaboration technologies can also think about factors such as file storage. Some new and innovative products use the cloud as a file storage medium in order to make collaboration more efficient. Alternately, real-time collaboration resources can facilitate shared access to a client's server or other hardware storage medium.
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Technically Strong Market
Definition of 'Technically Strong Market'
A market in which both open interest and prices are increasing or in which both open interest and prices are decreasing. A market in which trading volume corresponds to price change where increasing volume accompanies increasing prices, and decreasing volume accompanies decreasing prices is considered technically strong.
Investopedia explains 'Technically Strong Market'
Technical analysts try to profit from trends in the prices of securities. They believe that historical pricing trends tend to repeat themselves, and by using price charts to identify these trends they can determine the best times to buy or sell to make a profit. Technical analysts are not concerned with fundamentals like the quality of a company's product or service, or its management.
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 1. Joint Venture - JV
 2. Aggregate Risk
 3. Organic Growth
 4. Family Limited Partnership - FLP
 5. Yield Burning
 6. Marginal Analysis
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Guide On Running A Generator Continuously
When it comes to owning a generator, there are a few key details to understand including how long it can run. Each generator is unique and will have its own metrics that need to be accounted for.
However, by understanding how long a generator can run continuously, you will have a better understanding of what works for your situation. Here is a look at what it means to buy a new generator and how it can change the dynamics of your setup.
Using a Generator 24/7
Let's assume it's time to set up the generator and run it around the clock even when you're sleeping. Is it possible to do this or are you going to end up dealing with unwanted issues along the way?
In general, most generators are going to settle somewhere between 8-12 hours of performance before the fuel tank empties.
As a result, you have to account for this or the generator will simply stutter to a stop in the middle of the day.
It's also important to think about other details such as whether or not it is producing too much CO, noise, or becoming prone to external access leading to a robbery.
Can You Run a Generator Continuously?
Yes, you can run it continuously and each generator is going to have a separate time limit on how long it lasts. In some cases, you can end up going with a high-value generator that is designed to run for 3000+ hours. Of course, this is assuming you are taking care of the generator and not overextending it during its lifespan.
There are also other details to account for such as how the generator is running. Some are going to run using natural gas while others may involve the use of propane or diesel.
With natural gas, you can end up running it for a long time because the gas line will continue to provide enough fuel for the generator to run. It is not going to die out on you. However, the same cannot be said for something like propane as it may run out. In this case, you would only have the generator run for a few hours.
How Long Can a Generator Last?
Most generators are built to last for years but it's still important to understand how to maintain them correctly.
This means taking the time to understand when the oil needs to be changed, how to replace air filters, and look through the electric plugs. You may also have to toggle the valve to see whether or not it's clear. On the other hand, a portable generator isn't going to be as efficient and may not long for a while.
With a good generator, you are going to want to see what type of power source is being used. When it comes to diesel engines, it is going to last much longer and isn't going to break down easily. This means you will only have to make oil changes here and there rather than having to check it all the time.
Remember, maintenance is essential and has to be done the right way to see good results. By doing this, you are going to end up making sure the generator doesn't fall apart on you.
How Long Can One Gallon of Gas Last with Modern Generators?
Gas is often used as a way to power contemporary generators. While they are not as safe as other options, they do provide benefits for those who want to gain access to a functioning generator.
When you are running a portable generator, it is going to end up giving you a reduced amount of time. For example, with one gallon of gas, you could end up running a traditional 5,000-watt portable generator for at least 1.33 hours. On the other hand, a regular generator is going to give you almost 8-10 hours on the same amount of gas.
It's this benefit that leads people to stick to traditional generators since they work well.
People enjoy being able to go with something that is economically efficient, which is why more and more venture towards a solution such as this in the first place.
How Many Hours Does a 500-Gallon Propane Tank Offer?
If you are going to be utilizing a propane generator at home then it is time to take a look at how long it will last. In most situations, you are going to have to understand how much it is going to cost as well.
With propane generators, you are getting something that is not as efficient as its counterparts. This means you are going to end up investing quite a bit to get the same amount of energy per gallon. However, you are going to get a good amount of hours from this type of fuel source. It will come out to being about 1.84 hours per gallon.
Can Generators Run On Gas?
The first thing people will ask is whether or not they can go with a gas-based generator for their home.
In general, there are multiple types of generators available on the open market, which can include the use of hydrogen, propane, diesel, biodiesel, natural gas, and more.
A lot of people like going with natural gas generators because they are eco-friendly and offer good performance metrics at the same time.
Natural Gas Generators
With natural gas generators, you are getting an efficient source of energy that isn't going to make a tremendous amount of noise. You can also set up the natural gas line to have it running in the background without a delay in performance. While it does have a higher upfront cost, you are going to retain real value over the long-term due to how it functions.
One thing to worry about has to do with longevity. It is not going to last as long and you are going to have to make sure the natural gas doesn't leak once turned on.
For the average person, a natural gas generator is going to come out to being approximately $1,000-$5,000.
How Long Can a Natural Gas Generator Run Continuously?
When you take the time to buy a natural gas generator, it is time to learn how it works. The generator is going to function as air and fuel comes in and pushes the motor to work as intended. This means the power production continues to perform as needed and allows you to power the house as required.
Since it is directly connected to the natural gas line, it is able to last for a long time.
This is often a solution that is used by people that want to make sure their home is powered in all situations. However, you are going to have to make sure they are well-maintained throughout the year and the gas supply is consistent.
How Many Hours Does a Diesel Generator Last?
With a diesel generator, you are going to have something that is budget-friendly and efficient at the same time. You can end up having it run for a long time and make sure it is pushing through for at least 24 hours before you have to check up on the setup.
The routine maintenance can be time-consuming since you have to check it all the time. This includes taking a look at all of the underlying parts such as the pistons.
In most cases, you are going to have a small shutdown period of 15 minutes when the generator has to be checked. However, you can make sure this is limited by going with the best diesel generator on the market right now.
How Many Hours Can a Backup Generator Run?
With a backup generator, you are going to have something that is able to run for a while without shutting down or breaking. Of course, this means you are taking care of it and ensuring it is being serviced as you want it to be. Look into this as you make sure to see serious results with what you are doing at home.
With this type of machine, you are going to get at least 11-18 hours per day. This is also going to depend on the fuel source that is being used and how well-maintained it is from day one.
When you start using a propane generator, you are also able to get it to run longer with some going up a week without breaking down.
How Many Hours Can a Standby Generator Run?
With a standby generator, you can have it running for as long as you want when the fuel source is consistent. These generators tend to run using a natural gas line, which is why they can run for days without breaking down or slowing up.
You will want to make sure the natural gas line is working as intended and you are going to be good to go. This is why a lot of people lean towards these solutions when they are hoping to invest in the right type of standby generator. It is simply going to give you more value in comparison to alternatives that are seen on the open market. On the other hand, a diesel generator is only going to last for 24 hours at a time. They also tend to shut down, which is something you are not going to want at home.
How Many Hours Can An RV Generator Run?
When you are trying to power an RV, it's important to think about the fuel source.
If you are going to be using a diesel source, you have to make sure it is in sync with the rest of the RV. It is also going to generate more power in comparison to something that is powered with propane.
In most cases, you are going to have a generator that is able to last 24 hours per 18 gallons of fuel. This means you are going to get a good amount of power if the fuel source is at 100%.
How Many Hours Can A Generator Run On 5 Gallons of Gas?
If you are taking the time to go with a quality generator, you want to understand how much power is being generated. These metrics are key in pinpoint how long the generator is going to run per gallon of gas.
In general, a generator can run for almost 8 hours on 5 gallons of gas, while some of the more efficient ones can even last up to a day.
How Many Hours Does a


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This PST application includes three steps of the make and use of a simple and general mathematical sensor model for 3-axis MEMS sensors in embedded applications. This Calibration/Error Model works well with any kind of 3-axis Accelero, Gyro and Magnetic MEMS devices. Here, data of a Hitachi H48C 3-axis Accelerometer Modul is used as a "Proof of Concept" of the method in real practice where the original 10% accuracy of the sensor was improved to reach ±1mg (0.2%). The General Sensor Model contains a real-time Temperature Correction procedure, which is excersized, too. This object uses the uM-FPU 3.1 Floating Point Coprocessor, but that feature is not essential for the implementation of the object at lower sensor data rates (<100Hz) for a single sensor.
General MEMS Sensor Model
By: created: 2013-03-27 | updated: 2013-04-09
In this upgrade the System Boot EEPROM on I/O pins 28/29 is used to store the data during calibration, parameter calculation and model application. This is much more convenient than the manual recording and data retyping was in the previous versions.


Integrations guideline
Additional resources
How to create an escalation policy?
Select escalations from sidebar
Head over the escalations section on the dashboard and click on new escalation
An example escalation policy
 1. Make sure to give a good identifiable name based on the team members in it.
 2. Add multiple escalation levels
 3. Add a time to wait before automatically escalating if incident is open (not acknowledged or resolved)
 4. Save
Avoid adding any time interval for the last step where escalation ends.
Simultaneous alerts
If you would like to receive simultaneous alerts for either you, your team or Slack, Teams, etc then we highly recommend adding multiple alerts in one escalation step vs creating another step with 0 minutes as interval.
Avoid 0 minutes interval


What Time Is It? History and Typology of Time Signals From the Telegraph to the Digital
Maria Rikitianskaia, Gabriele Balbi
Time signals provide a sense of "despatialized simultaneity," a rhythm to the everyday lives of billions of people, and experiences of liveness. This article offers a history of time signals from the 19th to the 21st centuries, identifying three typologies: scheduled time signals, sent mainly by radio and TV; on-demand, such as those of the speaking clock; and automatized, transmitted by the Network Time Protocol for digital devices. The article stresses the importance of time signals in media history and the significance of an infrastructural network of timekeeping/timesharing for the functioning of media themselves.
time signals, media history, media and time, media content, infrastructure, telephone, broadcasting, liveness
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Colloidal Silver
Last Updated: August 13, 2018
Definition - What does Colloidal Silver mean?
Colloidal silver is made up of a mixture of distilled water and pure (0.9999) silver. It is created by flowing an electrical current through water mixed with silver electrodes. The current causes the microscopic particles of the silver to break away from each other. Once they break off, they become suspended in the water mixture.
Many cannabis growers use colloidal silver on a marijuana plant to force the plant to produce feminized seeds. After applying the colloidal silver to the cannabis plant, the pollen collected will contain no Y chromosomes. The pollen will only have double X chromosomes, which help ensure female seed production.
MaximumYield explains Colloidal Silver
Colloidal silver is misted onto a marijuana plant's foliage to force the plant to start pollen production. The grower usually mists the plants daily with colloidal silver for 10-14 days.
Typically, when growing marijuana plants there is a 50 per cent chance of the plant creating male seeds. However, with the use of colloidal silver, the chance of a plant developing all female seeds becomes almost a guarantee. Even if a male plant does develop after using colloidal silver, the male is still a genetic female but with male characteristics.
Silver colloidal acts as an ethylene inhibitor/antagonist on the marijuana plant. The silver colloidal forces the weed plant to develop male pollen sacs instead of the female buds that it would normally grow. The pollen from the male pollen sacs can then be collected and used to pollinate female flowers to develop feminized seeds.
This definition was written in the context of Cannabis
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Colibri coruscans (Sparkling Violet Ear) is a species of birds in the family hummingbirds. They are listed in cites appendix ii. They are found in The Neotropics. They visit flowers of Plutarchia guascensis, marmalade bush, Barnadesia spinosa, and Callianthe vexillarium. They rely on flight to move around.
EOL has data for 18 attributes, including:


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NursingCAS Quick Start Guide and FAQs
What is NursingCAS?
Nursing's Centralized Application Service (NursingCAS) is an online application designed to simplify the nursing school admissions process by enabling students to apply to multiple programs with one, electronic application. NursingCAS is a service of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) that allows prospective students to discover and apply to associate degree, baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral programs offered by participating nursing schools.
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A new improved GMO cowpea variety developed by Ghanaian scientists will grow the nation's cowpea sector by nearly 10 percent annually over the next six years, according to a new economic study.
The study forecasts the new insect resistant cowpea will add US$52million (GH₵230m) to the cowpea production economy by 2025, if it is commercialized as planned next year.
The figure implies the new cowpea variety will add about US$8.6 million (GH₵38m) annually to the cowpea production economy, which is currently valued at about US$94 million (GH₵415m). This indicates that all other things being equal, the new variety could help grow the cowpea production sector on average of 9.15 percent annually if adopted.
However, if regulatory procedures delay the introduction of the new cowpea for five years, Ghana stands to lose about US$35 million (GH₵152m), the study predicted.
"From history and experience on the field, adoption doesn't just happen," said Dr. Paul Boadu, who led the economic research. "Farmers would usually want to see that the variety is actually working, and that their co-farmers are adopting it and making gains, before they do. So, based on adoption trends and experts' opinions, the analysis was done over a six-year period."
Scientists at the Savannah Agric Research Institute (SARI), an institute of Ghana's Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), have completed field trials on the new GMO variety known as Bt cowpea. They are expected to apply to the National Biosafety Authority for commercial release, after which it can get into the hands of farmers if approved.
The study — conducted jointly by CSIR-Science and Technology Policy Research Institute (STEPRI), Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research (ISSER) of the University of Ghana and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) — assessed the potential producer and consumer impacts of commercializing GMO cowpea and rice based on secondary data and the use of the economic surplus model.
The expected gain will be derived mainly from increased yields associated with insect protection conferred by the new variety. After factoring in all other considerations, including reduced insecticide applications, the associated labor cost from spraying and other benefits, the net present value benefit of adopting the new GMO cowpea will hit US$131 million (GH₵578) over the six-year period.
GMO cowpea reduces pesticide use
Insect pests remain a major challenge to cowpea production in Ghana and Africa. The maruca pod borer can destroy up to 80 percent of cowpea fields when it infects farms. To control the pest, farmers have to spray fields every week throughout the three-month life span of the crop, which drains their finances and damages their health and the environment.
The new GMO variety was produced by introducing a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a natural occurring, soil-borne bacteria, into a local cowpea variety, Songotra, to achieve inherent pest resistance. Dr. Mumuni Abdulai, principal investigator on the Bt cowpea project, said field trials comparing GMO and traditional cowpeas show the new variety reduces pesticide use by about 75 percent.
"With the conventional cowpea, farmers spray about eight times," he told Alliance for Science in an interview. "With the new variety, they spray only two times." The field trials also show the pests caused much less damage (about 28.6 times lower) in the new GMO cowpea than in the traditional variety.
The trials also show the new variety can produce nearly double the yield of conventional varieties as a result of decreased pest damage to the crop. Yield output was 0.925 tonnes per hectare for the traditional variety, compared to 1.925 tonnes per hectare for the new GMO variety.
Dr. Paul Boadu of CSIR-STEPRI, one of the researchers who led the economic study, explained that "production involves costs and the resultant output gives benefits to both farmers and consumers. Based on a scenario of 0-50 percent seed cost premium, the new variety shows not less than 4.7 percent proportional cost reduction with higher net benefits over the estimation period, compared to traditional varieties."
New GM rice variety
The new economic study also shows the adoption of GMO rice currently being developed by the CSIR-Crop Research Institute in Ghana could add up to US$75.7 million (GH₵334m) to the rice production economy over the next six years if released in 2019. This averages out to about US$6.3 million (GH₵28m) in additional benefit every year — an amount equal to about one-tenth of Ghana's annual rice import bill, which currently stands at more than US$47.4million (GH₵209m).
While the US$75.7 million (GH₵334m) represents producer gain from adopting the new variety, the net present value benefit from growing the new variety over the next six years if adopted will be US$196 million (GH₵863m).
For more than five years now, scientists at the CSIR have been working on the Nitrogen Efficient, Water Efficient, Salt Tolerant (NEWEST) rice, which is expected to be more efficient in the use of nitrogen and water, and as well as tolerant of salty soils. To date, the scientists have only been able to make progress on the aspect of the research involving Nitrogen-Use Efficient (NUE) rice. Nitrogen is the most important nutrient required for the growth of rice, helping ensure enhanced growth and the development of grain, which translates into yield.
But most soils don't have enough nitrogen to support the growth of rice. NUE rice was developed by introducing a gene into the local NERICA4 rice to make it more efficient in its use of nitrogen so the plants produce better yields. Confined field trials that compared the new GMO variety with traditional varieties showed yield increases of between 14 and 25 percent in favor of the GM variety. Nitrogen fertilizers are also expensive, so varieties that use it more efficiently help farmers reduce input costs.
"We were able to do many trials on many lines and we identified the ones that are best," said Dr. Maxwell Asante Darko, principal investigator in charge of the GMO rice project. "We set a target that they should be 15 percent better in yield. And the ones we identified met it although in some of the trials, it was better."
Currently, the field trials for biotech rice have not been completed and it is not likely the variety will be commercialized by 2019. The study predicts that if regulatory processes delay the introduction of the new rice by five years, the rice sector will lose US$45.3 million (GH₵200m).
Scientists in Ghana have been working on introducing GMO crops into the country's food chain since Parliament passed the National Biosafety Act in 2011. But none have been released onto the market yet. Despite repeated assurances by the scientists that genetically modified crops are safe and potentially beneficial, some civil society groups have objected to their introduction, claiming farmers will no longer have control over seeds. Some of the groups have sued government demanding a halt in the approval processes.
But Boadu said those fears are misplaced. He emphasized that the GM varieties were developed by Ghanaian scientists to be released according to the dictates of local regulations. "Farmers will not lose the sovereignty of the seeds and we will not depend on outsiders to produce the varieties for us," he explained to the Alliance. "These varieties could be replanted by farmers, but we recommend farmers acquire new seeds after replanting for about three years as they usually do right now."


Rules Index | GM Screen | Player's Guide
Chapter 4: Variant Rules
Feats and Features
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 192
The Core Rulebook presents a character progression carefully designed to offer plenty of options and depth without overwhelming players with too many choices at once. However, you can use the Pathfinder rules to create an infinite number of variant progressions. If your group wants more powerful characters, specific themes for all characters, or the like, you can implement these variants.
Dual-Class PCs
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 192
Sometimes, especially when you have a particularly small play group or want to play incredibly versatile characters, you might want to allow dual-class characters that have the full benefits of two different classes.
Building a Dual-Class Character
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 192
When building a dual-class character, the primary changes to the character creation process are fairly straightforward. Choose and implement your character's ancestry and background as normal. Then, when you get to the step of choosing a class, select two classes and add everything from each class except Hit Points and starting skills: initial proficiencies, class features, class feats, extra skill feats and skill increases for rogues, and so on. As always, use the highest proficiency granted for a given statistic. For instance, if one class gave you expert proficiency in Will saves and the other gave you master proficiency in Will saves, you would be a master in Will saves.
Use only the higher Hit Points per level from the two classes. For starting skills, apply the skills automatically granted by each class, and then apply the larger number of additional skills. For instance, a cleric of Shelyn/ranger would gain Hit Points equal to 10 + their Constitution modifier per level, start with the trained proficiency rank in Nature and Survival from ranger and Religion and either Crafting or Performance from cleric, and then gain a number of additional skills of their choice equal to 4 + their Intelligence modifier, since the ranger provides the trained proficiency rank in more additional skills than the cleric does (this example doesn't include any skills they gained from their background or other sources). This character would also have the deity, divine spellcasting, divine font, and doctrine class features from cleric plus the Hunt Prey, hunter's edge, and ranger feat class features from ranger.
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 192
Dual-class spellcasters get full access to all the spells of any spellcasting classes they have. For instance, a sorcerer/wizard gets five cantrips in their spell repertoire from sorcerer, five prepared cantrips from wizard, three spontaneous 1st-level spell slots from the sorcerer (with three 1st-level spells in their repertoire), and three 1st-level prepared spell slots from wizard (or four, for a specialist). They keep these spells entirely separate and get the full benefits of both spellcasting class features, even if both classes use the same tradition.
Classes with focus pools get all the Focus Points granted by all of them. These share one focus pool as normal, with the standard cap of 3 maximum Focus Points.
Character Advancement
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 193
A dual-class character gains the class feats and class features for both classes at each level as they advance, with the exception of ability boosts, general feats, skill feats, and skill increases—the character gets each of these benefits only once per level, since both classes would provide the same benefit. (A dual-class rogue/ranger still gets the extra skill feat and skill increase at levels where the other class doesn't provide them.)
If a character gains the same proficiency rank in a statistic more than once, they still use only the highest rank. In the example above, when the cleric gets Alertness at 5th level, they wouldn't change their Perception rank, since it was already expert due to the ranger's initial proficiencies.
Playing with Dual-Class Characters
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 193
Playing a dual-class character certainly gives a character more options, and adding additional spellcasting classes can result in a significantly wider variety of powerful spell effects available to each character. Nonetheless, this sort of dual-classing is more likely to increase the party's longevity than it is to drastically adjust the level of opponents a dual-class character should be fighting. The increases to saving throw proficiencies and Hit Points make characters somewhat sturdier and able to take on slightly higher challenges, but not every fight should be harder, nor should encounters exceed extreme-threat difficulty.
Dual-classing in two similar martial classes to double up on their advantages can result in characters who, instead of increasing their flexibility, become drastically more powerful in one focus. For instance, a fighter/ranger with the flurry hunter's edge gains access to incredibly accurate press actions, and a barbarian/fighter has the barbarian's high damage plus the fighter's high accuracy. One way around this is to simply disallow combinations that double down on a narrow ability, and instead encourage dual-class characters that open up narrative options and increase the character's flexibility. The other solution is to raise the challenge from the opposition, treating the party as if the characters were a level higher. However, this is a choice that affects the whole group, even if only one character is built to mow down foes.
Due to the increased number of class feats a dual-class character has, you should limit how much of a benefit a character gets from feats that scale based on the number of feats you have, such as Resiliency feats from multiclass archetypes. Typically, the limit should be half the number of total class feats the character has.
Free Archetype
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 194
Sometimes the story of your game calls for a group where everyone is a pirate or an apprentice at a magic school. The free archetype variant introduces a shared aspect to every character without taking away any of that character's existing choices. It can also provide a lighter version of dual-class characters by giving everyone a free multiclass archetype.
Building a Character
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 194
The only difference between a normal character and a free-archetype character is that the character receives an extra class feat at 2nd level and every even level thereafter that they can use only for archetype feats. Depending on the needs of the group and the theme of the game, you might restrict the free feats to those of a single archetype each character in the group has (for a shared backstory), those of archetypes fitting a certain theme (such as only ones from magical archetypes in a game set in a magic school), or entirely unrestricted if you just want a higher-powered game.
If the group all has the same archetype or draws from a limited list, you might want to ignore the free archetype's normal restriction of selecting a certain number of feats before taking a new archetype. That way a character can still pursue another archetype that also fits their character.
Playing with Free Archetypes
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 194
Free-archetype characters are a bit more versatile and powerful than normal, but usually not so much that they unbalance your game. However, due to the characters' increased access to archetype feats, you should place a limit on the number of feats that scale based on a character's number of archetype feats (mainly multiclass Resiliency feats). Allowing a character to benefit from a number of these feats equal to half their level is appropriate, as this is the maximum number of feats you could use to take archetype feats without this variant.
Ancestry Paragon
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 194
Most characters have some elements that connect them to their ancestry but identify more strongly with their class or unique personality. Sometimes, though, a character is the embodiment of their ancestry to the point that it's of equal importance to their class. For a game where an ancestral background is a major theme and such characters are the norm, your group might consider using the ancestry paragon variant.
Building an Ancestry Paragon Character
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 194
When creating an ancestry paragon character, instead of starting with one ancestry feat and gaining another at 5th, 9th, 13th, and 17th levels, the character starts with two ancestry feats and gains another at every odd level thereafter (3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, and so on) for a total of 11 ancestry feats.
Playing with Ancestry Paragon Characters
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 194
Ancestry paragon characters have a bit more versatility and power than other characters, though their extra abilities are usually limited to themes the ancestry already was suited for. It's unlikely to affect the game balance of combat encounters, but it might make exploration and social challenges easier for the heroes.
Simplified Ancestries
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 194
The variants presented so far have mostly been aimed at groups looking to increase their nuance in exchange for greater character complexity. However, sometimes players are looking for something a little simpler instead, or want to increase the complexity in one area and decrease it elsewhere, keeping a rough balance. In games where a character's ancestry is only incidental and each PC is more defined by their class and individual characteristics, simplified ancestries allows your group to pick an ancestry and go.
Building a Simplified Ancestry Character
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 194
When choosing an ancestry for a simplified ancestry character, you gain the ancestry's normal abilities at 1st level, choose a heritage, and gain the appropriate lore feat (Dwarven Lore for dwarves, for example) as your ancestry feat. Simplified ancestry characters never gain ancestry feats beyond that first lore feat


0
I am using StreamReader to read a File. With the code below I am able to read a whole line.
What I wonder is how it is possible to read a comma delimited file like these lines.
How will I put the delimiter ',' and also assign the values to the String^ and doubles ?
Mon,1,2,3
Tues,4,5,6
Wed,7,8,9
String^ line;
String^ Day;
double Number1, Number2, Number3;
 //Create an instance of StreamReader to read from a file.
StreamReader^ sr = gcnew StreamReader( "C:\\File.txt" );

// Read and display lines from the file until the end of the file is reached.
while ( line = sr->ReadLine() )
 {

 }
2
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Last Post by Jennifer84
0
Found this using google: Example
1
 2 private void ImportCountries()
 3 {
 4 string delimiter = ",";
 5 string fileName = @"c:\countrylist3.csv";
 6
 7 StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(fileName);
 8
 9 try
 10 {
 11 while (sr.Peek() >= 0)
 12 {
 13 string r = sr.ReadLine();
 14 string[] items = r.Split(delimiter.ToCharArray());
 15 }
 16 }
 17 finally
 18 {
 19 sr.Close();
 20 }
 21 }
 22
0
As I red, Peek() >= 0 will check if the eof file is reached like this.
However I dont really understand how it works when the line, "Line" will be delimited by the "Delimiter".
What comes out of the line:
string[] items = r.Split(delimiter.ToCharArray());
I am not sure what happens here. I would like to split the line "r" by Commas and put the First to Day, second, third and fourth value to the double Numbers.
//Create an instance of StreamReader to read from a file.
StreamReader^ sr = gcnew StreamReader( "C:\\File.txt" );
String^ r;
String^ Day;
String^ Delimiter = ",";
double Number1, Number2, Number3;
 while ( sr->Peek() >= 0 )
{
 r = sr->ReadLine();

}
0
I belive it stores array of strings (all read froom same line, but separated with Delimiter), but am not sure. Try it
0
Ok, I thought something like that too. I will use vectors to store the values I read with the delimiter. I am guessing out some code but are not sure if I am on the right track to do as I do.
What I have done is to declare some Managed vectors and also the elements for these(40).
Then I am using a countdown(x) to put values into the elements.
The compiler says that it cant convert parameneter 1 from String^to wchar_t regarding this line:
I am not very used to the managed classes. The ->Split seems to be used within arrays.
Wonder if there is a method to put it to these vectors instead.
Line->Split(Delimiter->ToString());
StreamReader^ sr = gcnew StreamReader( "C:\\File.txt" );
String^ Delimiter = ",";
String^ Line;
String^ Day;
List<String^>^ Day= gcnew List<String^>(40);
List<double>^ Num1 = gcnew List<double>(40);
List<double>^ Num2 = gcnew List<double>(40);
List<double>^ Num3 = gcnew List<double>(40);
int x = 30;
// Read and display lines from the file

while ( sr->Peek() >= 0 && x > 2 )
{
 x = x - 1;
 Line = sr->ReadLine();
 Day[x] = Line->Split(Delimiter->ToString());
 Num1[x] = Line->Split(Delimiter->ToString());
 Num2[x] = Line->Split(Delimiter->ToString());
 Num3[x] = Line->Split(Delimiter->ToString());
}
I belive it stores array of strings (all read froom same line, but separated with Delimiter), but am not sure. Try it
0
When reading a file I am trying to split the line and put the comma delimited values into vectors.
It should be something I am doing wrong with the splitting of the line. It seems that ->Split only is used for Arrays but are not sure ? The thing is that I want these values to be ->Add in the vectors.
Mon,1,2,3
Tues,4,5,6
Wed,7,8,9
//Create an instance of StreamReader to read from a file.
StreamReader^ sr = gcnew StreamReader( "C:\\File.txt" );
String^ Delimiter = ",";
String^ Line;
String^ Day;
List<String^>^ Day1 = gcnew List<String^>();
List<double>^ Num1 = gcnew List<double>();
List<double>^ Num2 = gcnew List<double>();
List<double>^ Num3 = gcnew List<double>();
// Read lines from the file
while ( sr->Peek() >= 0 )
{
 Line = sr->ReadLine();
 Day1->Add( Line->Split(Delimiter->ToString()) );
 Num1->Add( System::Convert::ToDouble(Line->Split(Delimiter->ToString()) );
 Num2->Add( System::Convert::ToDouble(Line->Split(Delimiter->ToString()) );
 Num3->Add( System::Convert::ToDouble(Line->Split(Delimiter->ToString()) );
}
0
Found a solutions to 'Pos' Positions for the ',' to parse out the values like this. Suppose this could be a solution.
//Create an instance of StreamReader to read from a file.
StreamReader^ sr = gcnew StreamReader( "C:\\File.txt" );
String^ Delimiter = ",";
String^ Line;
String^ Day;
int Pos = 0;
List<String^>^ Day1 = gcnew List<String^>();
List<double>^ Num1 = gcnew List<double>();
List<double>^ Num2 = gcnew List<double>();
List<double>^ Num3 = gcnew List<double>();
while ( sr->Peek() >= 0 )
{
 Line = sr->ReadLine();
 Pos = 0;
Day1->Add( Line->Substring(Pos, Line->IndexOf(",")) ); Pos = Line->IndexOf(",", Pos)+1;
Num1->Add( System::Convert::ToDouble(Line->Substring(Pos, Line->IndexOf(",", Pos) - Pos)) ); Pos = Line->IndexOf(",", Pos)+1;
Num2->Add( System::Convert::ToDouble(Line->Substring(Pos, Line->IndexOf(",", Pos) - Pos)) ); Pos = Line->IndexOf(",", Pos)+1;
Num3->Add( System::Convert::ToDouble(Line->Substring(Pos, Line->IndexOf(",", Pos) - Pos)) ); Pos = Line->IndexOf(",", Pos)+1;
}
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text:
During drilling operations, rock-bit interactions may cause a wide range of undesirable system vibrations. The induced vibrations subsequently reduce drilling efficiency and increase fatigue loads acting on drill bit. In this paper, a coupled torsional and axial drilling model is proposed. It can be used to predict the vibrations including bit bounce and stick-slip. Instead of using finite element (FEM) approach, the drill pipe is accurately modeled based on wave propagation theory. This results in time-delay equations in time domain and significantly reduces the computational complexity associated with FEM. The axial and torsional motions are coupled by bit-rock interactions. Different rock-bit interaction conditions are considered based on bit rotation and contact with formation. Simulations are conducted using the proposed model to analyze the impact of different applied weights on bit and surface rotary speeds on the system vibrations. This information provides insights into optimization of drilling operation.
- Dynamic Systems and Control Division
Modeling of Coupled Axial and Torsional Motions of a Drilling System
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Ma, Z, & Chen, D. "Modeling of Coupled Axial and Torsional Motions of a Drilling System." Proceedings of the ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. Volume 2: Diagnostics and Detection; Drilling; Dynamics and Control of Wind Energy Systems; Energy Harvesting; Estimation and Identification; Flexible and Smart Structure Control; Fuels Cells/Energy Storage; Human Robot Interaction; HVAC Building Energy Management; Industrial Applications; Intelligent Transportation Systems; Manufacturing; Mechatronics; Modelling and Validation; Motion and Vibration Control Applications. Columbus, Ohio, USA. October 28–30, 2015. V002T20A005. ASME. _URL_
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text:
At a local scale, soil type is often the most important determinant of vegetation type, so a good knowledge of soils is critical for the identification of pre-European vegetation communities. We examined the importance of the sampling intensity of soil surveys to the identification of pre-European vegetation communities along the lower Peterson Creek catchment near Yungaburra, Queensland. We increased sampling intensity and mapped soils at a scale of approximately 1: 7000 and compared our maps to those from the Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines at a scale of 1: 50 000. We found that using the smaller scale soil map would have resulted in 38 % of our study area being identified as supporting a different classification or soil type from the larger scale map. This, in turn, meant that 9 to 23 % of the study areas would have been identified as supporting a different pre-European vegetation community. We concluded that this low percentage did not justify the expense of a detailed soil survey in our study area and make recommendations as to where ad hoc soil surveys should be targeted.
|Number of pages
|Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland
|Published - 2007


On June 16, 1882, a storm hit Dubuque and some of the hailstones contained LIVING FROGS embedded inside them.
According to anomlyinfo.com, Dubuque was hit by "the largest and most destructive hail-stones." It's said that the hailstorm lasted 13 minutes and that some of the stones measured 1-17" in circumference. The heaviest hailstone from this storm weighed over 1.5 pounds!
Residents reported that melting hailstones contained small living frogs.
How could this happen? The amphibians could have been picked up by a powerful updraft and frozen into hail in the cold air before falling back to the ground.


text:
Cash-transfer Programming in Emergencies
In this guide Oxfam staff present the rationale behind cash-transfer programmes. They explain how to assess whether cash is the most appropriate response to any particular emergency. These 16 A6 cards contain key elements from the book. Different types of cash intervention are compared - cash grants, vouchers, and cash-for-work - with checklists to explain how to implement each of them.


text:
Post summary: how to analyze customer complaints 5 ways to handle customer complaints a free customer complaint checklist customers who complain over a bad customer experience and for customers that complaint analysis is used to track, categorize and handle customer complaints when a. Synonyms for bad experience at thesauruscom with free online thesaurus, antonyms, and definitions find descriptive alternatives for bad experience. Customer satisfaction is essentially the culmination of a series of customer experiences or, one could say, the net result of the good ones minus the bad ones however, statistical analysis has developed to the point where it can dependably quantify both the relative importance of each touch point and the experience it. Judging by his collection songs of innocence and experience, william blake was obsessed with lambs if you gave him a rorschach test (where you look at a random pattern of ink and say what comes to mind) blake would probably say, lambanother lambnewborn lamblamb doing gymnastics in his poem titled. Order a horrible experience of unbearable length: more movies that suck from barnes and noble, amazon or the independent bookstore of your choice: introduction to the book by roger ebert i received several predictably, some critics were inspired by tdom to analyze the visual style of michael bay. Introduction 38 putting behavioral psychology to work to improve the customer experience applying the principles of behavioral psychology can improve the quality of customer interactions and build just one bad experience2 exhibit 2 best-in-class companies source: mckinsey analysis appearance of grounds.
C c i entre for linical nterventions module 5: the abc's of thinking and feeling shy no longer module 5 the abc's of thinking and feeling introduction 2 the abc analysis begins with identifying the activating event simply write event or a situation in which you experienced a strong negative emotion, such as,. Hidden features, reduced discoverability, cognitive overhead from dual environments, and reduced power from a single-window ui and low information density too bad. For what keating (robin williams) models for his students isn't literary criticism, or analysis, or even study tricks a student into reading aloud a few sentences from the banal introduction written by dr j evans pritchard, phd—a cartoonish version of academic criticism that opens with a split infinitive. Of texts, experiences, and action an aspect that invites more or analysis many kinds of narratives were used as research material long before any narrative analysis william i thomas and florian znaniecki (1984) used hundreds of more or less storied horrible yuk 8 but the reason why i really had the horrible.
Cover of an introduction to genetic analysis plant 6 showed the second-worst growth at low elevation and the second-best at high elevation but if the two eyes experience the same sequence of environments and are identical genetically, then why is there any phenotypic difference between the left and right eyes. This handout is about determining when to use first person pronouns ("i", "we," " me," "us," "my," and "our") and personal experience in academic writing humanities: ask your instructor whether you should use "i" the purpose of writing in the humanities is generally to offer your own analysis of language, ideas, or a work. What if i had previously been living some terrible life of suffering and i got out of it using an experience machine, leaving me with my current pleasant existence in new york, a city that doesn't actually exist that would be kind of an upsetting thing to learn, right but if, after learning that, i was given the option to permanently. Songs of innocence and of experience contains two poems about young chimney sweepers: one in 'innocence' and one in 'experience' dr linda freedman considers how this allows for a complex, subtle engagement with the figure of the sweep.
Novice qualitative researchers are often daunted by the prospect of qualitative data analysis and thus may experience much difficulty in the data analysis process introduction there is a growing recognition for the important role played by qualitative research and its usefulness in many fields, including emergency care. What you know can help you - an introduction to toxic substances armed with some basic facts about toxic substances, you can reduce your exposure to chemicals and lower the chance of harmful health effects the old saying, what you don't know can't hurt you, isn't always good advice when it comes to toxic. Living, and thinking about it: two perspectives on life daniel kahneman and jason riis introduction it is a common assumption of everyday conversation that the experience of the symphony was almost entirely good, and the bad end did not undo the pleasure ofthe preceding halfhourthe confusion ofexperience with.
This introductory entry will outline the prevailing definitions and models of disability, and discuss the epistemic and moral authority of the experiences thus, some critics conclude that it is at best oversimplified and at worst futile to distinguish biological impairments from social limitations, or to attempt to. Reflective writing gives you the chance think about what you are doing more deeply and to learn from your experience you have the reflection on action report what was good/bad, easy/difficult, pleasant/unpleasant etc compare and contrast your experiences explain why ↓ analysis reflection on teaching. Social media has revolutionised how we communicate in this series, we look at how it has changed the media, politics, health, education and the law the popularity of social media platforms such as facebook, twitter and snapchat have transformed the way we understand and experience crime and.
Quicksort can operate in-place on an array, requiring small additional amounts of memory to perform the sorting it is very similar to selection sort, except that it does not always choose worst-case partition mathematical analysis of quicksort shows that, on average, the algorithm takes o(n log n) comparisons to sort n items. Introduction qualitative research can explore the complexity and meaning of social phenomena,1,2 for example patients' experiences of illness3 and the meanings of apparently irrational behaviour such as unsafe sex4 data for qualitative study may comprise written texts (eg documents or field notes). In tennyson's poem 'the lady of shalott,' we see a mysterious maiden who is imprisoned by the fear of a curse in the days of king arthur in this.
Consider what was good about the experience and what was bad about the experience or didn't go so well analysis break the event down into its component parts so they can be explored separately you may need to ask more detailed questions about the answers to the last stage include eg what went. Right decisions how do you make right decisions experience how do you gain experience wrong decisions apj abdul kalam (former president of india) sleep on it you need to analyse and evaluate all the important factors in making the decision in a moment of decision, the worst thing you can do is nothing. Ex is the totality of an employee's experiences, so it encompasses all of the narrower aspects of how an employee perceives his everyday life at the office, both good and bad deloitte university press reports several trends around the ex challenge: • organizational culture, engagement and employee.


text:
Why settle for less, when a little perseverance
can uncover a better reality, more prospects, the strength,
resilience and drive to improve beyond imagination.
To feel euphoric is to experience life and feel in charge, like the Finnish achieve Sisu, the mindset for courage and resilience with any adversity. We do not need to jump into icy waters, but to know that we can do it, in search of new challenges and strive to improve rather than take the easy way. Each country has its redeeming qualities that highlight different levels of perseverance and its many characteristics.
Each threshold, achievement or new insight brings us that much closer to build the capability, courage, stamina, intelligence and resilience to manage and master the next, potentially more devastating challenge. Transform life's mundane, hopeless, struggles, growing resistance, bad practices or any adversity with the perseverance to do it.
Consider the wisdom, character, humour and insights needed to appreciate, learn, grow and mature with perseverance. Understand how we draw strength from our own emotional elasticity to know, do and repeat what is not only possible, but inevitable. This article describes this journey and potential benefits within the following sections:
- The perseverance mindset
- From strength to strength
- The shape of things to come
- Achieve the inconceivable
To read the rest of this and all articles either subscribe or download the article.
From opinions, counselling to pearls of wisdom: enjoy the inspiration, insights and ideas drawn from this article. May it trigger innovations as it is launched into public consciousness.
See below for options...


In February 2015, Open Data Kosovo released e-prokurimi, an online application constructed with procurement data obtained through cooperation with various municipalities across Kosovo. E-prokurimi provides users with a simple way to interact with procurement data and observe trends over time and across municipalities. It also allows users to identify contracts that raised 'red flags' or had characteristics that made them appear suspicious – a common methodology used in compliance and anti-fraud efforts across the world.
Building on the experience gained creating e-prokurimi, Open Data Kosovo has been taking a deeper dive into the procurement data. The result is an interactive treemap which allows users to look at procurement contracts[1] across the seven municipalities that provided data, and see where overspend occurred. This treemap allows you to group the data by a range of variables, as well as look at different years.
Check out the treemap by clicking the picture below:
In addition to this new visualization, we have prepared some high level observations on the data, as well as some recommendations for how the collection of procurement data can be improved going forward.
Data Quality
Before getting into the analysis, there are several caveats that need to be placed on the numbers and charts. As per all analysis, the accuracy and reliability of the analysis is dependent on the accuracy and reliability of the underlying data[2]. In the case of the procurement data received by Open Data Kosovo, it is apparent that the quality of the data is lacking in several key regards. Open Data Kosovo has attempted to clean and standardize the data as far as possible, but there were assumptions made in this process that may not be accurate. As a result, before any conclusions are drawn from this analysis, any figures or other information should be cross-referenced with the original datasets.
Below are some of the key issues identified with the data as provided to Open Data Kosovo.
Missing Data
One of the biggest issues with the procurement data received by Open Data Kosovo was the information that wasn't provided. A significant proportion of records are missing information about the expected cost of the contract, the amount actually spent, or both. Chart 1 shows the percentage of records missing cost information by municipality and year.
Chart 1 – Percentage of Records Missing Cost Information
Inaccurate figures
Another issue that arises in the data is the quality assurance of the figures that are provided. In numerous cases, figures will have the decimal point in the wrong place or have extra digits, resulting in a project appearing to be greatly over or under budget. In many cases, the projects that show up as bright red in the visualizer were, in all likelihood, on budget but with the information incorrectly recorded. This inaccuracy is not just limited to the monetary amounts though. Many of the dates are also incorrectly recorded, or provided in a variety of formats. This makes the process of standardizing the dates laborious, and in some cases impossible.
Splitting of projects into multiple lots
Large projects are often split into various parts (or 'Lots') for contractors to compete for. In the data this is often observed in the project description where a Lot number will be provided (e.g. Lot I, Lot II). These Lots can also be split over different years. While this splitting of the project into Lots reflects the way the contract was out to tender, the way the data is currently recorded makes it very difficult to put the various pieces back together for a given project. This splitting also introduces ambiguity into the costs for those projects. Is the estimated cost for the entire project or for that lot specifically? Is the actual cost for this year only, or for work across multiple years?
High Level Analysis
Due to the aforementioned data quality issues, in depth analysis of the data is difficult and is at particular risk of leading to misleading conclusions (GIGO). As a result, we have limited the analysis of the data to high level aggregates. Below are some of these observations.
Decreasing Spending
One of the first trends that emerges from the procurement data is that spending on procurement has declined significantly since 2011 and 2012. Total procurement spending has fallen by around 44% from over €58 million in 2012 to just under €33 million in 2014. This fall is obvious both at an absolute level (see Chart 2) and on a per project level (see Chart 3)
Chart 2 – Total Procurement Spend by Municipality and Year
Chart 3 – Average Spend per Contract by Municipality and Year
Funding Sources
Many of the procurements provided in the data provide a source for the contract funding, whether the local municipal budget, donations, the national budget or some combination of these sources. Chart 4 shows the breakdown of procurement spending by funding source from 2010 to 2014.
Chart 4 – Procurement Spending by Funding Source
Project types
Procurement data is also provided with a flag as to what type of contract the procurement is. This can be a contract for work (i.e. construction), the supply of food and beverages, or a range of other services. The breakdown in spending based on the type of contract is provided in Chart 5.
Chart 5 – Procurement Spending by Contract Type
Procurement data can be extremely valuable resource in any country, and not just for the fight against corruption. It can provide important insights for the citizenry into how public funds are being spent, how much the government is paying for its projects, and even provide incentives for increased competition for government contracts. All these things improve confidence in government activities and encourage more competitive tender processes.
However, for the procurement data being collected to be a valuable resource, the data needs to meet some basic standards. When procurement data is lacking certain data points or the figures provided are unreliable, using the data becomes exponentially more difficult, and often makes it impossible for analysts to draw meaningful conclusions from.
Having spent a significant time analyzing procurement data, Open Data Kosovo would make the following recommendations for future collections of procurement data to ensure full transparency:
 1. Basic data quality be enforced. This should include:
 1. Dates entered are valid dates and correspond to the correct year
 2. Values are valid values and that large discrepancies between estimated and actual cost be flagged for confirmation
 3. Key fields be made compulsory for data submission
 2. Training be provided to ensure consistent interpretation of the data across municipalities. Although many/most municipalities are currently employing the same form to collect procurement data, there appears to be different interpretations being employed to complete the forms in many cases. This makes it difficult to make comparisons across municipalities.
 3. A systematic way of linking projects that are split into various Lots be provided. This should allow the estimated and actual costs to be accurately compared for the full project or various slices of the project as needed.
 4. A link be created between the procurement data and the original business case. This would allow detailed information about the project to be linked directly to the procurement data.
 5. A link be created between the procurement data and the business register for contracts won and bid for (see point 6). This will provide several benefits:
 1. It will ensure consistency of the company/individual name (and other information)
 2. It will allow richer information to be extracted without requiring duplicate data entry
 3. It will ensure that all bidders are correctly registered as businesses in Kosovo
 6. Information about all bidders be recorded and released. Often the most important information in identifying procurement fraud is the bids that were not accepted.
A Further Note on Linking
Expanding on the notion of linking datasets above, one of the most effective ways to increase the usefulness and power of data is to link existing datasets together. Data or Record Linkage is one of the emerging areas of data science and machine learning due to the valuable insights that can be revealed from the joining of existing data. When considering the the collection of a new dataset, one of the most important decisions to be made is how that new dataset should be linked with any existing datasets.
In the case of procurement data, there are several existing databases and data points that would greatly improve the utility of the data. Linking to the business register would help to not only standardize company names, but provide the ability for future researches to look beyond company names to the people who benefit from the economic activities of the company. Linking to the business cases for each procurement would not only provide richer information about the project, but also information on who was involved in creating the business case and who signed off on it. These linkages and others that may not even be apparent at present could prove to be of great importance in the future.
Date published
December 15, 2019


text:
What is backend processing?
Backend processing is so common you're probably unaware it has a name.
A common example of backend processing is the take-out restaurant. The
clerk taking your order is not the person filling that order.
The clerk passes the order to a kitchen manager.
The kitchen manager separates the order into
its component parts (meat, potatoes, vegetable) and places each
component request into a queue for processing by a separate cook.
As each cook finishes a dish, the cook places the
dish into a sack and then fetches the next request from the queue.
When the order is complete, the kitchen manager
passes the sack to the clerk who gives it to you.
The benefits are:
- Efficiency -- The order is filled in parallel. All
components are cooked simultaneously.
- Scalability -- During heavy loads, the kitchen manager can
easily add more cooks exactly where they are needed.
- Simplicity -- Each cook only needs to understand one type
of dish. A veggie cook doesn't need training in meat.
Front-end processing is the way most software operates.
- The clerk (GUI or command line parser) cooks (single threads) one
component at a time (linear programming.)
- When the first component finishes cooking (computing), the second
- The next order may not start until all components of the prior order
The disadvantages are:
- Inefficient -- The order is filled linearly. Nothing can
move until the component ahead completes.
- Expensive -- The only way to process more orders is to hire
and extensively train more clerks. (Often called "throwing hardware at
- Complex -- Each clerk must know all aspects of the system
(human interface, accounting, all component cooking skills, etc.)
Some developers try backend processing without the kitchen manager.
They create threads (cooks) with no central management. They soon discover
- They are overwhelmed with threads
- The thread create/destroy overhead degrades processing
- Abnormally terminating threads have no recovery
- Common storage cannot be shared among threads
- Some functions need timing while others need autonomous processing
- The list goes on and on.
Backend software development with Tymeac™
is like the well run restaurant.
Tymeac™ is the kitchen
manager. The cooks are separate, single purpose threads. Your applications
are efficient, scalable and simple.


text:
Extreme Cities: The Peril and Promise of Urban Life in the Age of Climate Change
Extreme Cities: The Peril and Promise of Urban Life in the Age of Climate Change3,83 6 5 Forfatter: Ashley Dawson Oplæser: L.J. Ganser
In Extreme Cities, Dawson offers an alarming portrait of the future of our cities, describing the efforts of Staten Island, New York, and Shishmareff, Alaska residents to relocate; Holland's models for defending against the seas; and the development of New York City before and after Hurricane Sandy. Our best hope lies not with fortified sea walls, he argues. Rather, it lies with urban movements already fighting to remake our cities in a more just and equitable way.
As much a harrowing study as a call to arms, Extreme Cities is a must-listen for anyone concerned with the threat of global warming, and of the cities of the world.
Mere info om lydbogen:Forlag: Tantor Audio
Længde: 12T 20M


text: This panorama of a University of Pittsburgh football game at Heinz Field was photographed by James Blakeway. The Panthers football team moved to Heinz Field in 2001. Located near the Allegheny, Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, the Panthers share Heinz Field with the Pittsburgh Steelers. It is considered one of the finest football stadiums in the country, with a capacity of over 65,000 fans. The University, founded in a log cabin in 1787, is among the oldest institutions of higher education in the United States. The Panther, a formidable creature once indigenous to the Pittsburgh area, was adopted as the University of Pittsburgh's mascot in 1909.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


td>s cols For each column, the length of the longest
 subsequence of phrase matches that the column value has in common
 with the query text. For example, if a table column contains the text
 'a b c d e' and the query is 'a c "d e"', then the length of the longest
 common subsequence is 2 (phrase "c" followed by phrase "d e").

 For example:
<codeblock>
 -- Create and populate an FTS4 table with two columns:
 CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t1 USING fts4(a, b);
 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('transaction default models default', 'Non transaction reads');
 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('the default transaction', 'these semantics present');
 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('single request', 'default data');
 -- In the following query, no format string is specified and so it defaults
 -- to "pcx". It therefore returns a single row consisting of a single blob
 -- value 80 bytes in size (20 32-bit integers - 1 for "p", 1 for "c" and
 -- 3*2*3 for "x"). If each block of 4 bytes in the blob is interpreted
 -- as an unsigned integer in machine byte-order, the values will be:
 --
 -- 3 2 1 3 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
 --
 -- The row returned corresponds to the second entry inserted into table t1.
 -- The first two integers in the blob show that the query contained three
 -- phrases and the table being queried has two columns. The next block of
 -- three integers describes column 0 (in this case column "a") and phrase
 -- 0 (in this case "default"). The current row contains 1 hit for "default"
 -- in column 0, of a total of 3 hits for "default" that occur in column
 -- 0 of any table row. The 3 hits are spread across 2 different rows.
 --
 -- The next set of three integers (0 1 1) pertain to the hits for "default"
 -- in column 1 of the table (0 in this row, 1 in all rows, spread across
 -- 1 rows).
 --
 SELECT matchinfo(t1) FROM t1 WHERE t1 MATCH 'default transaction "these semantics"';
 -- The format string for this query is "ns". The output array will therefore
 -- contain 3 integer values - 1 for "n" and 2 for "s". The query returns
 -- two rows (the first two rows in the table match). The values returned are:
 --
 -- 3 1 1
 -- 3 2 0
 --
 -- The first value in the matchinfo array returned for both rows is 3 (the
 -- number of rows in the table). The following two values are the lengths
 -- of the longest common subsequence of phrase matches in each column.
 SELECT matchinfo(t1, 'ns') FROM t1 WHERE t1 MATCH 'default transaction';
</codeblock>

 The matchinfo function is much faster than either the snippet or offsets
 functions. This is because the implementation of both snippet and offsets
 is required to retrieve the documents being analyzed from disk, whereas
 all data required by matchinfo is available as part of the same portions
 of the full-text index that are required to implement the full-text query
 itself. This means that of the following two queries, the first may be
 an order of magnitude faster than the second:
<codeblock>
 SELECT docid, matchinfo(tbl) FROM tbl WHERE tbl MATCH <query expression>;
 SELECT docid, offsets(tbl) FROM tbl WHERE tbl MATCH <query expression>;
</codeblock>

 The matchinfo function provides all the information required to calculate
 probabilistic "bag-of-words" relevancy scores such as
 <a href=_URL_ BM25/BM25F that may
 be used to order results in a full-text search application. Appendix A of this
 document, "[search application tips]", contains an example of using the
 matchinfo() function efficiently.

Fts4aux - Direct Access to the Full-Text Index

 As of version 3.7.6, SQLite includes a new virtual table module called
 "fts4aux", which can be used to inspect the full-text index of an existing
 FTS table directly. Despite its name, fts4aux works just as well with FTS3
 tables as it does with FTS4 tables. Fts4aux tables are read-only. The only
 way to modify the contents of an fts4aux table is by modifying the
 contents of the associated FTS table. The fts4aux module is automatically
 included in all [compile fts|builds that include FTS].

 An fts4aux virtual table is constructed with one or two arguments. When
 used with a single argument, that argument is the unqualified name of the
 FTS table that it will be used to access. To access a table in a different
 database (for example, to create a TEMP fts4aux table that will access an
 FTS3 table in the MAIN database) use the two-argument form and give the
 name of the target database (ex: "main") in the first argument and the name
 of the FTS3/4 table as the second argument. (The two-argument form of
 fts4aux was added for SQLite version 3.7.17 and will throw an error in
 prior releases.)
 For example:
<codeblock>
 -- Create an FTS4 table
 CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ft USING fts4(x, y);
 -- Create an fts4aux table to access the full-text index for table "ft"
 CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ft_terms USING fts4aux(ft);
 -- Create a TEMP fts4aux table accessing the "ft" table in "main"
 CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE temp.ft_terms_2 USING fts4aux(main,ft);
</codeblock>

 For each term present in the FTS table, there are between 2 and N+1 rows
 in the fts4aux table, where N is the number of user-defined columns in
 the associated FTS table. An fts4aux table always has the same four columns,
 as follows, from left to right:

Column NameColumn Contents

term
 Contains the text of the term for this row.

col
 This column may contain either the text value '*' (i.e. a single
 character, U+002a) or an integer between 0 and N-1, where N is
 again the number of user-defined columns in the corresponding FTS table.

documents
 This column always contains an integer value greater than zero.

 If the "col" column contains the value '*', then this column
 contains the number of rows of the FTS table that contain at least one
 instance of the term (in any column). If col contains an integer
 value, then this column contains the number of rows of the FTS table that
 contain at least one instance of the term in the column identified by
 the col value. As usual, the columns of the FTS table are numbered
 from left to right, starting with zero.

occurrences
 This column also always contains an integer value greater than zero.

 If the "col" column contains the value '*', then this column
 contains the total number of instances of the term in all rows of the
 FTS table (in any column


Many art teachers have great ideas for seeking donations of goods and services but may lack the time or fundraising experience to achieve the results they need. Fresh Artists brings art teachers into the studio to provide one-on-one coaching and mentoring and guide them through the course of their project, helping them flesh out their ideas and develop a plan for implementation. We can also identify potential funders and collaborators and provide assistance with press materials and contacts, as well. If art supplies are fish, Greenhouse shows art teachers how to fish!


EN
Este contenido no se encuentra disponible en su idioma, pero aquí tiene la versión en inglés.
Microsoft-Specific Modifiers
This section describes Microsoft-specific extensions to C++ in the following areas:
Many of the Microsoft-specific keywords can be used to modify declarators to form derived types. For more information about declarators, see Declarators.
Microsoft-Specific Keywords
Keyword Meaning Used to Form Derived Types?
__based
The name that follows declares a 32-bit offset to the 32-bit base contained in the declaration.
Yes
__cdecl
The name that follows uses the C naming and calling conventions.
Yes
__declspec
The name that follows specifies a Microsoft-specific storage-class attribute.
No
__fastcall
The name that follows declares a function that uses registers, when available, instead of the stack for argument passing.
Yes
__restrict
Similar to __declspec(restrict), but for use on variables.
No
__sptr
Specifies that pointer conversion extends the high-order bit of a 32-bit pointer throughout the high-order portion of a 64-bit pointer.
No
__stdcall
The name that follows specifies a function that observes the standard calling convention.
Yes
__uptr
Specifies that pointer conversion sets the high-order portion of a 64-bit pointer to zero.
No
__w64
Marks a date type as being larger on a 64-bit compiler.
No
__unaligned
Specifies that a pointer to a type or other data is not aligned.
No
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text:
This page lists all of the certificates that are currently available in ECo or through our faculty.
Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Certificate (Online)
Starting in Fall 2021, the Arboriculture program will offer a new 15-credit certificate, delivered fully online, through University Without Walls (UWW). The online Certificate in Arboriculture and Urban Forestry is a gateway for students eager for an introduction to the arboriculture and urban forestry fields. The certificate can be added to any UMass degree, and has a flexible course sequence, allowing students to begin in any fall, spring, or summer semester. The certificate program also provides continuing education for career professionals. To accommodate varied work schedules, the course sequence is flexible, allowing students to begin in any fall, spring, or summer semester. ISA Certified Arborists are eligible to earn Continuing Education Credits (CEUs) in several of the courses offered in the certificate program.
Geographic Information Science and Technology (GIST) Certificate
The undergraduate certificate in Geographic Information Science and Technology provides students with a background in the science, techniques, and application of geographical methods and techniques, enabling them to embark on public and private sector careers or to undertake further studies in geography and other fields. Through exposure to spatial analysis, remote sensing technologies, cartography, and other methods of interfacing with spatial data, students will gain knowledge, skills, and practices beneficial to whatever undergraduate degree they're pursuing.
Offshore Wind Professional Certificate
The Department of Environmental Conservation, in association with the Clean Energy Extension, is offering a graduate-level professional certificate in offshore wind to professionals and graduate students seeking to up-skill and broaden their knowledge to address the needs of the offshore wind industry. This certificate covers the broad range of disciplines involved in this industry, including technology and engineering, development and finance, environmental impact and stakeholder engagement, supply chain management and business logistics, law, and policy. The certificate provides 9 credits of coursework, and is designed to be completed in one year and through online courses.
Sustainable Building Construction Certificate
The BCT program is offering a graduate certificate in sustainable building construction to professionals seeking an opportunity to pursue in-depth studies in sustainability in building design and construction without needing to complete a full degree program. This certificate's topics are comprised of sustainable (green) building systems and materials, energy and conservation, building technologies, and construction management. 16 credits of coursework can be completed through a combination of in-person and online courses, with in-person courses offered in Amherst, Newton (on our Mount Ida campus) or both.


text:
Applying feature subset selection (FSS) methods on input data greatly reduces the dimensionality of a problem, thus making it manageable by machine learning methods. It helps already functioning learning systems to be faster and more accurate. It can also be used to discover the relationship between a large number of variables, and to use this knowledge to construct better models.
Approaching FSS by finding a Markov blanket guarantees that the excluded variables are unnecessary given the selected ones. Moreover, if we could find a Markov boundary, that would make the set of selected features minimal.
This Thesis investigates algorithms that can learn a Markov blanket or a Markov boundary from data. We examine them in detail, acknowledge their limits, and propose improvements to them.
We test these algorithms and their modified versions on a set of real data, and a set of artificial data in order to compare them. Based on this we evaluate them and make suggestions for further improvements.


text:
There is an old dry well. Its sides are made of concrete rings. Each such ring is one meter high, but the rings can have different (internal) diameters. Nevertheless, all the rings are centered on one another. The well is N meters deep; that is, there are N concrete rings inside it. You are about to drop M concrete disks into the well. Each disk is one meter thick, and different disks can have different diameters. Once each disk is dropped, it falls down until:
- it hits the bottom of the well;
- it hits a ring whose internal diameter is smaller then the disk's diameter; or
- it hits a previously dropped disk. (Note that if the internal diameter of a ring and the diameter of a disk are equal, then the disk can fall through the ring.)
The disks you are about to drop are ready and you know their diameters, as well as the diameters of all the rings in the well. The question arises: how many of the disks will fit into the well?
Write a function: int falling_disks(int A, int N, int B, int M); that, given two zero-indexed arrays of integers − A, containing the internal diameters of the N rings (in top-down order), and B, containing the diameters of the M disks (in the order they are to be dropped) − returns the number of disks that will fit into the well. For example, given the following two arrays:
A = 5 B = 2 A = 6 B = 3 A = 4 B = 5 A = 3 B = 2 A = 6 B = 4 A = 2 A = 3
the function should return 4, as all but the last of the disks will fit into the well. The figure shows the situation after dropping four disks.
- N is an integer within the range [1..200,000];
- M is an integer within the range [1..200,000];
- each element of array A is an integer within the range [1..1,000,000,000];
- each element of array B is an integer within the range [1..1,000,000,000].
- expected worst-case time complexity is O(N);
- expected worst-case space complexity is O(N), beyond input storage (not counting the storage required for input arguments).
- Elements of input arrays can be modified.
I tried using a stack and doing something, but i am not able to get to O(n) solution, the worst case still remains O(n^2) even after some optimizations i think.