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[Edit Descripton] Description:JUserHelper
Defined in
Method name Description
addUserToGroup Method to add a user to a group.
removeUserFromGroup Method to remove a user from a group.
setUserGroups Method to set the groups for a user.
activateUser Method to activate a user
getUserId Returns userid if a user exists
getCryptedPassword Formats a password using the current encryption.
getSalt Returns a salt for the appropriate kind of password encryption. Optionally takes a seed and a plaintext password, to extract the seed of an existing password, or for encryption types that use the plaintext in the generation of the salt.
genRandomPassword Generate a random password
getProfile Gets the user profile information
jimport( 'joomla.user.helper' );
[Edit See Also] SeeAlso:JUserHelper


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Changing the Cube Date Format
The projects that are available for download from the CubeStore have a default date format set in the cubes of "MM/DD/YY". This can be easily changed in the project to accommodate various regional preferences.
To alter the default date format, change the Date table in the staging database. The table will have a clock icon next to it and it is possible that this table is in the data warehouse depending on the version of the project that was downloaded from the CubeStore.
 1. Expand the Date table found in the staging database in the Jet Data Manager and identify the DisplayDate field.
 2. Right-click on the "Custom value" and select Edit Custom Transformation. The Custom Transformation window will appear.
 The number value "1" is part of the SQL "CONVERT" function and represents the "MM/DD/YY" format. The "1" should be replaced with the appropriate number that represents the desired format. A list of formats can be viewed under the Remarks section at the following link: Cast and Convert. In this example we will use the British/French standard which is represented by the number "3".
 3. Click Ok and then deploy and execute the Date table in the data warehouse.
 4. Click on the Cubes tab in the Jet Data Manager and deploy and execute the OLAP Servers node at the top of the Cubes tab.
 The default date format was originally set to "MM/DD/YY" which would display as the following in Excel:
 5. Once the change has been implemented, deployed and executed in the Date table in the staging database, data warehouse and cubes, viewers will see dates with the designated date format in Excel. In this example: "DD/MM/YY".
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text:
Fiber structures and material science in optical fiber magnetic field sensors
|Corresponding Author||Zhang，Jing; Wu，Zhichao|
Magnetic field sensing plays an important role in many fields of scientific research and engineering applications. Benefiting from the advantages of optical fibers, the optical fiber-based magnetic field sensors demonstrate characteristics of light weight, small size, remote controllability, reliable security, and wide dynamic ranges. This paper provides an overview of the basic principles, development, and applications of optical fiber magnetic field sensors. The sensing mechanisms of fiber grating, interferometric and evanescent field fiber are discussed in detail. Magnetic fluid materials, magneto-strictive materials, and magneto-optical materials used in optical fiber sensing systems are also introduced. The applications of optical fiber magnetic field sensors as current sensors, geomagnetic monitoring, and quasi-distributed magnetic sensors are presented. In addition, challenges and future development directions are analyzed. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China
|WOS Research Area|
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
|WOS Accession No|
|EI Accession Number|
Evanescent fields ; Fiber optic sensors ; Geomagnetism ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetic sensors ; Magnetometers ; Remote control
|ESI Classification Code|
Earth Magnetism and Terrestrial Electricity:481.3.2 ; Electricity and Magnetism:701 ; Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena:701.2 ; Control Systems:731.1 ; Fiber Optics:741.1.2 ; Magnetic Instruments:942.3
Cited Times [WOS]:2
|Document Type||Journal Article|
|Department||Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering|
1.School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan),Wuhan,430074,China
2.Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,518055,China
Zhang，Jing,Wang，Chen,Chen，Yunkang,et al. Fiber structures and material science in optical fiber magnetic field sensors[J]. Frontiers of Optoelectronics,2022,15(1).
Zhang，Jing.,Wang，Chen.,Chen，Yunkang.,Xiang，Yudiao.,Huang，Tianye.,...&Wu，Zhichao.(2022).Fiber structures and material science in optical fiber magnetic field sensors.Frontiers of Optoelectronics,15(1).
Zhang，Jing,et al."Fiber structures and material science in optical fiber magnetic field sensors".Frontiers of Optoelectronics 15.1(2022).
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Samoa Sustainability Issues
The critical environmental and sustainability issues of Samoa:
 1. Health Issues
Samoa is suffering from alarming rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Noncommunicable diseases are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. NCDs accounted for 75% of the total disease burdens in 2016 and more than half of all premature deaths in the country. The current service delivery system in Samoa is heavily hospital-centric characterized by a weak primary health care structure and overcrowding in the main referral hospital. Also in recent decades, the Samoan islands have suffered some of the highest rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease in the world. In november 2019, a deadly measles outbreak hit especially the children in Samoa. It caused 2,437 people to fall sick and killed 32. Twenty-eight of the 32 deaths were children aged under 5.
 1. Youth Unemployment
Youth unemployment increased from 9.99% in 1998 to 18.39% in 2012 but again it decreased to 17.94% in 2018. The primary factor leading to the high unemployment rate is the high rate of students dropping out of school.
According to Tracer Youth Employment Survey (TYES), the survey sampled 790 people aged 18-35 years from 14 villages. Results found that out of the sample size, 78.93 percent of young people dropped out of school at primary and secondary level. The main reason being families could no longer afford school fees with others becoming caretakers for family members.
 1. Water
Samoa uses both ground and surface water for all of its water supply needs. Surface water equates to 65 percent of the total water supply while groundwater accounts for only 35 percent. Currently the main obstacle preventing improvements to the water quality in Samoa is pollution of coastal and freshwater sources. Two major sources of pollution that affect the Samoan water quality are improper solid waste disposal and sediment erosion.
There is no known water quality monitoring for wastewater associated pollution. Despite pollution from improper waste disposal and sediment erosion, the Samoan government has made constant efforts to improve both the islands' overall water quality. Records from the CIA indicate that since 2015, 99 percent of the total population in Samoa has access to improved sources of drinking water. Additionally, citizens who have access to a piped water supply are estimated to be between 90 and 95 percent of the total population of Samoa.
 1. Gender Inequality
Married women aged 15–49 have much lower participation in economic work than married men in the same age group. Only 28% of these women were employed compared to 70% of the men. There is still a considerable level of acceptance of domestic violence even among women themselves. 37% of women agree that 'wife beating' can be justified. Overall, 46% of Samoan women who have ever been in a relationship have experienced one or more kinds of abuse. Samoa currently has two female members of parliament in the Samoan legislative assembly, accounting for 4.8% of women in parliament, compared with 8.2% in 2006.
 1. Climate Change
By 2030, the island's surrounding sea level will increase by up to 17 centimetres (6.69 inches), elevating the risk and impact of storm surges and coastal flooding.
Cyclones will be less frequent but more intense.
Ocean acidification—or carbon pollution that increases the ocean's acidity—will continue across Samoa, endangering the nation's coral and reef ecosystems.


text:
Here are some of the best indoor smart gardens on the market today with smart soil technology.
Smart Soil a unique growing medium that's specially designed to increase the growth rate of your plants. Smart soil provides your plants with all the essential nutrients they need to thrive. They make sure your plants have the perfect combination of water and air, as well as the correct pH level.
The smart soil system is completely ecologically sound. It's free of pesticides, hormones, and other potentially harmful substances. This means you can trust your plants to grow without any added additives. One of the most popular smart garden brands utilizing smart soil is Click and Grow Smart Gardens.
With the traditional variety of soil offerings (commercial incombustible peat, clay, perlite, vermiculite), there was a lack of nutritional value and variety of plants grown in optimal environments.


text:
The AquaClave Mark 3 remains a multi-stage system relying on five processes to deliver water to steam sterilisation equipment. The new model includes the automatic flushing system, a leak detector, USA housings and an up-rated power supply.
Meticulous attention to all stages of water processing includes 1 micron sediment removal and selection of the granular activated carbon specification.
The reverse osmosis low production AquaClave membrane has been engineered to produce exceptionally high quality in the most challenging water quality environment. To monitor performance a Total Dissolved Solids meter is supplied as part of the product.
The two-stage polishing system will remove remaining organic and non-organic residues thereby finishing the water to meet all AutoClave operating standards.
Commercial Advantages – The availability of this high-quality water ON TAP avoids the purchasing of bottled distilled water, avoids storage challenges, minimises AutoClave maintenance costs and reduces the damage to instruments from tap water rinsing makes buying an AquaClave Mark 3 an intelligent decision.


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Friday, November 23, 2012
The noxious cow itch vine
Species name: Campsis radicans
Common name: cow itch vine, trumpet vine
The trumpet vine is native to the southeastern United States, reaching as far north as Kentucky. Despite this, it is incredibly cold-hardy, and can survive winter temperatures as cold as -30 degrees Celsius. For a subtropical species, that feat in itself is incredible. What's even more incredible is that it actually does better when transported to "strongly temperate" areas (locations that have a clear summer that is very warm, and a clear winter that is very cold) like New England and southwestern Ontario. There, the vine becomes incredibly invasive and can be very destructive. In fact, "radical pruning" is recommended in order to control its growth; it can grow up to 30 meters in one growing season!
This plant is one of the many vines that produce structures called tendrils that act almost like support beams that help keep the plant upright and attached to its substrate, whatever that might be. The plant that made tendrils famous is the garden pea plant, which has tendrils that react so quickly to touch you can almost watch them grow without a time lapse camera! The cow itch vine takes this to a whole new level. It can actually use its tendrils almost like hole borers, and can penetrate into mortar between bricks, and can split apart perfectly healthy trees. Nevermind what it can do to hydro or telephone poles! Outside its native range it truly is a menace, and should be avoided at all costs (despite its incredible beauty). The one good thing about this plant is its flowers; the bright red colour and the trumpet-like shape attracts every species of hummingbird to have ever come in contact with it, so if you'd like some great hummingbird viewings on warm winter days, go find some other poor gardener that planted this vine and camp out in their yard with a camera. The flowers are so prolific in nectar that the birds are very likely to "put on a show" for you while you just sit and snap pictures!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Beersheba - A Spring and an Oath
Be'er means a spring and Sheva means an oath, and the two combine to form the name of the city that is known as the capital of the Negev of modern Israel.
Ancient Beersheba is where the Patriarch Avraham discovered a spring and where he made a covenant with the Philistines which he sealed with an oath. The well built on this spring was eventually stuffed up by the Philistines until the Patriarch Yitzchak restored it to use. Like his father he also made a covenant with the Philistines and reinstituted the name given to it, which became the name of the city that grew around it.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Manuals/calci/WILCOXONSIGNEDRANKTEST
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WILCOXONSIGNEDRANKTEST (Observations1,Observations2,ConfidenceLevel,Side,NewTableFlag)
 - is the set of x values.
 - is the set of y values.
 - is the value between 0 and 1.
 - is the side value.
 - is either TRUE or FALSE.
Description
 - This function gives the summary values of Wilcoxon signed rank test.
 - This test is the one of the Non Parametric test.
 - Nonparametric test is also called Distribution Free Test.
 - So Wilcoxon Rank test is not depending on the parameters.
 - This test is designed to test a hypothesis about the median of a population distribution.
 - It often involves the use of matched pairs, for example, before and after data, in which case it tests for a median difference of zero.
 - Also this test does not require the assumption that the population is normally distributed.
 - This test is the alternative of the Student's T-test.
 - Normally this test is the version of the dependent samples t-test that can be performed on the ranked data.
 - i.e., When the requirements for the t-test for two paired samples are not satisfied, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for Paired Samples non-parametric test can often be used.
 - It is a more powerful alternative to the sign test, but does assume that the population probability distribution is symmetric.
 - For this test let us consider the n subjects from the population with two observations and .
 - The requirements for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests for Paired Samples where =for all i = 1, ...,n, are as follows:
 1.the are independent.
 2. and are interval data.
 - This test containing the following steps:
 - 1.Define Null and Alternative hypothesis:
 - Null hypothesis = There is no difference between the two observations.
 - Alternative hypothesis = There is a difference between the two observations.
 - 2.State alpha(Confidence level): alpha value is from 0 to 1.
 - 3.State Decision Rule: Fix the hypothesis value according to the z table.
 - 4.Calculate Test Statistic:
where T is the smallest rank value and n is the number of observations.
 - 5.State Result: In this step we have to take a decision of null hypothesis either accept or reject depending on the z value.
 - 6.State Conclusion: How far the value of the test before and after the grouping.
 - The Wilcoxon signed Rank test result is contains the following values in the table:Difference of the ach observation, Absolute value of the difference,Rank value,Signed Rank and the test value.
Examples
WILCOXON SIGNED RANK TEST FOR PAIRED SAMPLES
X1 X2
188 186
177 171
176 177
169 168
196 191
172 172
165 177
190 191
165 170
180 171
181 188
172 187
 1. =WILCOXONSIGNEDRANKTEST(A1:A12,B1:B12,0.05,2,TRUE) [For Two Tailed Test]
or
 1. =WILCOXONSIGNEDRANKTEST(A1:A12,B1:B12,0.05,1,TRUE) [For One Tailed Test]
Wilcoxon Test SUMMARY OUTPUT
X1 X2 Abs(Diff) Sign Rank SignedRank
188 186 2 -1 4 -4
177 171 6 -1 7 -7
176 177 1 1 2 2
169 168 1 -1 2 -2
196 191 5 -1 5.5 -5.5
172 172 0 0 0 0
165 177 12 1 10 10
190 191 1 1 2 2
165 170 5 1 5.5 5.5
180 171 9 -1 9 -9
181 188 7 1 8 8
172 187 15 1 11 11
RANKS
N Mean Rank SUM of Ranks
Negative Ranks 5 -5.5 -27.5
Positive Ranks 6 6.416666666666667 38.5
ANALYSIS
Nr 11
W 11
Standard Deviation 22.4944
Mean 33
Z-value 0.489
p-value(Two Tail) 0.6248
WILCOXON SIGNED RANK TEST FOR MEDIAN (SINGLE SAMPLE)
X
-2
-3
8
4
6
-4
-11
-2
-12
-6
 1. MEDIAN = 0
 1. =WILCOXONSIGNEDRANKTEST(A1:A9,0,0.05,2,TRUE) [For Two Tailed Test]
or
 1. =WILCOXONSIGNEDRANKTEST(A1:A9,0,0.05,1,TRUE) [For One Tailed Test]
Wilcoxon Test SUMMARY OUTPUT
X1 X2 Abs(Diff) Sign Rank SignedRank
-2 _ 2 1 1.5 1.5
-3 _ 3 1 3 3
8 _ 8 -1 8 -8
4 _ 4 -1 4.5 -4.5
6 _ 6 -1 6.5 -6.5
-4 _ 4 1 4.5 4.5
-11 _ 11 1 9 9
-2 _ 2 1 1.5 1.5
-12 _ 12 1 10 10
-6 _ 6 1 6.5 6.5
RANKS
N Mean Rank SUM of Ranks
Negative Ranks 3 -6.333333333333333 -19
Positive Ranks 7 5.142857142857143 36
ANALYSIS
Nr 10
W 17
Standard Deviation 19.6214
Mean 27.5
Z-value 0.8664
p-value(Two Tail) 0.3863
WILCOXON SIGNED RANK TEST FOR SMALL SAMPLES
The lower and upper critical values,W, of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test can be found from the table for samples size less than 10.
For a two-tail test, you reject the null hypothesis, if the computed W test statistic equals or is greater than the upper critical value or is equal to or less than the lower critical value.
For a one-tail test in the lower tail, you reject the null hypothesis if the computed W test statistic is less than or equal to the lower critical value.
For a onetail test in the upper tail, the decision rule is to reject the null hypothesis if the computed W test statistic equals or is greater than the upper critical value
X1 X2
85 75
70 50
40 50
65 40
80 20
75 65
55 40
20 25
 1. =WILCOXONSIGNEDRANKTEST(A1:A9,B1:B9,0.05,2,TRUE) [For Two Tailed Test]
or
 1. =WILCOXONSIGNEDRANKTEST(A1:A9,B1:B9,0.05,1,TRUE) [For One Tailed Test]
Wilcoxon Test SUMMARY OUTPUT
X1 X2 Abs(Diff) Sign Rank SignedRank
85 75 10 -1 3 -3
70 50 20 -1 6 -6
40 50 10 1 3 3
65 40 25 -1 7 -7
80 20 60 -1 8 -8
75 65 10 -1 3 -3
55 40 15 -1 5 -5
20 25 5 1 1 1
RANKS
N Mean Rank SUM of Ranks
Negative Ranks 6 -5.333333333333333 -32
Positive Ranks 2 2 4
ANALYSIS
Nr 8
W-Calculated -28
W-LowerTail 5
W-UpperTail 31
Standard Deviation 14.2829
Mean 18
Z-value -1.9604
p-value(Two Tail) 0.05
Related Videos
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
See Also
References


text:
Would you like more information on Sauvo's attractions?
Sauvo Church is a medieval gray-stone church. The church was primarily built in its present appearance between _PHONE_. The medieval Catholic parish dedicated the church to St. Clement of Rome. The limestone paintings of the vault date back to the 1470s. The paintings consist of floral ornamentation, as well as the images of apostles and prophets.
Karuna Church is located in Karuna, Sauvo. The church, representing romantic nationalism, was built out of grey granite from Karuna during _PHONE_, and designed by Josef Stenbäck. There is a star vault and belt arch in the centre of the church that are decorated with festoons, otherwise the interior of the church is plastered in white. The church has been described as one of Finland's most successful and beautiful churches of the romantic nationalist style. Ilmari Launis has designed the church's altarpiece paintings "Ristiinnaulittu, jonka juurelta vuotaa elämän veden virta" (Crucified, from which the water of light flows from the roots) and to the sides "Kalkkia ja leipää kantavat enkelit" (Angels bearing limestone and bread".
The history of the old red Vahtinen farmhouse, the location of Sauvo museum, dates back to the 18th century. It was used as a school hall before a decision was made to convert the building into a museum. The museum holds both permanent and changing exhibitions. The watchmaker's room displays objects donated by a local watchmaker to the museum. In the grounds, there are old traditional buildings, typical of Sauvo. The grounds also hold the Vahtinen farm's original granary, as well as a traditional two floor outbuilding, smoke sauna and Esan Miina's cottage that were received as donations.
Sauvo Library operates in the renovated old Sauvo dairy. The library also houses the municipal youth premises. By utilizing the old building stock of Sauvo for renovation, the local history values have been preserved through re-use, and a multifaceted unit representing different time constraints has been created for the parish centre.
Maalu lookout tower
Maalu lookout tower is part of the Karunan Unelma (Karuna Dream) project implemented with EU funds. The lookout tower was erected in the location of an old air raid watchtower on Maalunmäki's highest cliff. Lottas from Sauvo were placed on duty in the watchtower during the Winter and Continuation Wars. The tower boasted good visibility far out to sea towards Parainen and Nauvo, and in good weather, it was also possible to admire Turku Cathedral. Now, in the same historical location, there is a lookout tower from where a panoramic view of the beautiful local countryside can be enjoyed.
Karuna reed roof shelter
Karuna's fine reed roof shelter serves local people and as a rest spot for visiting cyclists and skiers, as well as a popular location for barbecues. The speciality of the shelter, the reed roof, was installed by volunteers of the Karuna village association, led by an Estonian master. The shelter is located at Nuorisotalontie 3, Karuna.
Pirunpelto and Paratiisimäki
Pirunpellonpolku path departs from the surroundings of Maalunmäki lookout tower. There is a marking to the path and a devil's field by its side. The trail continues to Paratiisimäki hill, which offers stunning views towards Maalunlahti bay.


text:
In Example 11.6 (Indonesian rice farm data) assess gain from introducing AR1 errors (in addition to unstructured errors) in both random and fixed effects bi models. Also find the posterior probabilities that farms 1 to 171 are the best – in terms of having highest bi after allowing for inputs. Which farm has the highest probability of being best?
Multiple comparison with the best To illustrate a multiple comparison model where both fixed and random effects approaches to the permanent subject effect may be relevant, consider data from Horrace and Schmidt (2000) applied to loglinear production functions. The observations are rice outputs for n = 171 Indonesian farms over T = 6 seasons with inputs being
1. metric variables: seed in kg (KGS), urea (KGN) and trisodium phosphate (KGP), labourhours (LAB) and land in hectares (LAND).
2. categorical variables: namely B P = 1 if pesticides used, 0 otherwise; VAR (1 if high-yield rice varieties planted, 2 if mixed varieties planted, 3 if traditional varieties planted); and BWS (1 for wet season).


text:
Burkert 290774 (00290774) Mass flow controller
- Alternative numbers
The integrated PI controller ensures excellent control characteristics of the MFC.
- Burkert Type 8626
- Article: 290774 (00290774)
- 8626-0200L-LUF-E-A -GM82-ALFF-D-04,0
Mass Flow Controllers Type 8626 are compact devices that monitoring the mass flow of gases. They regulation the set flow rate irrespective of interference for instance pressure drops or temporary resistance to flow. Flow controllers consist of a flow meter, an electronic module, and a proportional valve. Inline sensors function in the constant temperature anemometers mode. In that event, the electrical thermal resist and the measuring resistance are set to a constant temperature differentiation. Both resistances are immediately in the gas stream; three more resistances are outside him. All resistances are joined in an electrical bridge. The first resistance in the fluid flow measures the temperature of the liquid. The second, low resistance, is heated continuously to maintain a clearly specified surplus temperature relative to the temperature of theliquid. Owing to the fact that the resistances are located at once in the channel, the devices have excellent dynamics: the time for reaction when modifying a given or actual value is hundredths of a millisecond. In addition, the sensor is practically not polluted.


text:
The idea of this type of meeting is to get member participation but it also provides a challenge if your society wants to encourage inventiveness and interest.
- Most often societies chose one letter of the alphabet but some chose multiple letters or in some cases a number or two. Members are asked to look through their material for items that are linked to the chosen character or characters.
- The simplest outcomes include items which are from a country or countries or the subject depicted starts with one of the chosen letters (e.g the letter 'A' is depicted by items of Austria, Australia, Anguilla, etc or depict an antelope, ape, automobile, etc.).
- More adventurous outcomes can arise where multiple letters are selected. For example, a recent alphabet night at one society, which also coincided with the society's annual general meeting, chose the letters A, G and M. This led to two fascinating displays – one Advertising Greatly Misaligned (a display of New Zealand advertising stamps where the advertisements were badly off centre) and 'mAGMa' (a display on volcanoes).
- Why not consider numbers – an example could be to use the society box number. This may lead to displays of stamps bearing SG or Scott catalogue numbers, postmarks or covers with postal codes, etc.
- Members should be encouraged to talk about their display. The time available for presenting may need to be limited. It is important to ensure everyone who has made the effort to bring material has the opportunity to do so otherwise it may deter them from making the effort in future.
- You could consider awarding prizes for the best item, the most unusual, the most creative or inventive, the best talk, etc. If you run a club points system ensure points are gained for the widest possible categories of entry. Whichever options you choose make sure members are aware of the criteria and you and your members will be surprised at the inventiveness that will be shown.


text:
Pregnant? Ask A Professional
The Arizona Pregnancy Riskline, a free service at the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, warns mothers-to-be that the internet is not the best source of accurate information when it comes to taking medication while you're pregnant.
The Arizona Pregnancy Riskline is a free service provided by the UA College of Pharmacy. Specially-trained counselors educate pregnant women and medical professionals on the potential risks of medication during pregnancy. While most medication is found to be safe, moms-to-be are urged to find out as much as they can from a professional before they take any medication, whether it be prescription or over-the-counter.
"An estimated 70 to 90 percent of all pregnant women use a prescription medication, and most of these women are very used to going to the Internet for information about nearly all aspects of their lives," said Dee Quinn, a certified genetics counselor and director of the Arizona Pregnancy Riskline. "But a recent study looking at the reliability of websites that provide lists of medications reported to be safe showed both inconsistent and inaccurate information about those drugs."
A study was conducted on 25 active websites that contain lists of "safe" medication to take during pregnancy. This information was compared to TERIS (Teratogen Information System), which is an evidence-based system that uses consensus from experts in the field on the safety of medications during pregnancy.
The study found that almost half of the medications listed on websites as "safe" didn't have enough evidence to give an accurate risk assessment, and many sites didn't have dosage and frequency information, nor did they note that pregnant women need to contact their health care provider before starting or stopping any medication while pregnant.
Quinn suggests that all pregnant women take information from the internet with a grain of salt and instead, talk with their doctor -- or contact the Arizona Pregnancy Riskline at _PHONE_ for free, confidential information.


text:
Explore our Tools
The digital soil map for New Zealand
S-map is the digital soil map of New Zealand. It is the most comprehensive source of quantitative soil information available.
Spatial soil data layers at your fingertips
The Land Resource Information System (LRIS) provides data layers for mapping, querying, and spatial analysis
Explore Fundamental Soil Layers (FSL) data
The maps show a range of soil attributes derived from the dominant soils depicted in the 1:50,000 scale New Zealand Fundamental Soil Layers.
Legacy Soil Map Viewer
Low-barrier spatial search for historic soil maps
A tool to spatially explore the legacy soil maps produced by NZ Soil Bureau and its predecessors between 1932 and 1989.
An online atlas of our land resources
View these interactive maps to learn about your local environment and regional differences.
National Soil Data Repository (NSDR)
Our soil observations database
The National Soil Database Repository stores soil descriptions and associated analytical results.
Pacific Soils Portal
Pacific soils, their health and uses
Information and knowledge on Pacific soils, their health and uses, covering Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, Tonga and Tuvalu.
NZLRI – Soil
Soil and land resources mapped at the national scale
View New Zealand Land Resource Inventory (NZLRI) soil data in the Land Resource Information (LRIS) Portal.
Whenua Māori Visualisation Tool
Helping Māori land owners and managers find out more about the physical characteristics, constraints and potential of their whenua Māori.
The environmental data for each Māori land block have been modelled and interpreted to give basic information on land resource characteristics, versatility for use, land suitability, sustainable land-use recommendations, and land potential.
As part of the National Science Challenge 'Our Land and Water' a Resource Finder has been set up. This allows you to search for journal articles, technical reports, presentations, videos, guidance docs, infographics, maps and models produced as part of the challenge.
Our latest news
Know of a soils tool not listed here?
Please get in touch with us. We would be happy to hear from you on how we can further improve our Soils Portal.


text:
themes you heard: The class was on introduction to African Civilization, Religion and philosophy the Kamitic proverb "Our people originated at the base of the mountain of the Moon at the origin of the Nile" Egyptian proverbs.
-The lecture relates to the ancient Egyptians.
-who were the ancient Kamites and Nubians
-Why is it important to know?
-flowering of African culture
-Downfall of civilization
The three most important aspects that allows society to function:
1. Civilization 2. Religion 3. Philosophy
Dr. Ashby asked if the audience join yet? The question was in reference to the Fraternities and Sororities. If they become part of the group yet? Following blindly with their Coca-Cola? The Coca Cola reference was based on a poster that had symbolism of an Eskimo who was blind, deaf and dumb and he was leading his family with that soda. Dr.Ashby mentioned the section of the Kamitic origins of Greek philosophy, Greek orders and how those orders are based on borrowing from ancient kamitic society and he also referenced a book that talks about it by Cheikh Anta Diop entitled "African origins of civilization". Then Dr.Ashby also known as Sebai MAA said if you didn't join up I'm so proud of you, if you did join up then you need to reconsider. Sebai Maa stated that he wants us to start thinking for ourselves and not join things blindly. Dr.Ashby informed the class of the difference between Kamitic symbolism and Greek symbolism is that the Greek culture is a culture of enjoyment, egoism and excess while the Kamitic culture is a culture of philosophy and of thought. We were cautioned that when you look at symbols you have to be aware and critical. This is because symbols are affecting you in many ways you are unaware of on subconscious levels. Some of the ways that symbolisms are affecting society in a negative way is that people are angry, violent and the degrading of women. In ancient African culture its symbolism was balanced and based on male and female being equal, as well as leadership being equal with both genders. Also in terms of spirituality with male and female were equal and based on Kamitic philosophy, and philosophy dictates culture. The question was posed asking how is it that all humanity came from Africa? And what's the difference between ancient Africans and modern Africans of the Diaspora and Africans?
It has been shown that before this last ice age that occurred about 15,000 years ago there were people who moved out of Africa and settled in Asia and Europe when there was an ice bridge in the Aleutian Islands between Siberia and Alaska people were able to cross on foot to the Americas. Also it has been shown that Homosapiens emerged 150,000 years ago and Central Africa in the Great Lakes region today called Kenya. The Nile River begins at Mount Kilimanjaro. The ice melts and creates the waters of the white and blue Nile. The people along the Nile River were called Nilotic people and they were dependent on the annual flooding of the Nile to be able to plan their planting and sowing of seeds. This gives rise to the understanding of regularity of life and consistency of nature something that does not happen and tropical regions of Africa where rains are constant and so is the abundance, so those people don't have to think about regularity. This is what modern African sociologist have pointed to as the reason for the complacency of the people in these tropical regions of Africa. Louis Leakey discovered the bones of Lucy believed to be at the time the oldest bones on the planet and it has been proven that all humanity comes from one ancestry, AFRICAN, regardless of skin color physical appearance or race. Race is an illusion. It's a concept to control people. The purpose of culture is not to differentiate people, it's a byproduct of culture but not its purpose. The purpose of culture is to give you a window of reality. One's Culture is like putting on sunglasses to look through the world, the glasses of the different cultures have various things that distort the views through the lenses one uses to see. So people see the world from the views of African, Siberian, and Alaskan etc. perspectives. An example given was that of the wood used to make drums in different lands, the wood makes the sound of one drum different from that of another from a different region which influences the culture. The lecture shifted to talking about cultural myths and Joseph Campbell a well-known mythologist who has a documentary called "The Power Of Myth" has shown that even though each cultures myths are different than another's they've developed a "perennial philosophy". A Perennial Philosophy is a philosophy that underlies all cultures and all myths. As humans we have one underlying desire and that desire is to know Self, and our myths are surrounded by this desire, but they are not the same nor have the same origin. The question was posed saying "But how can we show that the Greeks got the common kamitic aspects of their myths from the kamitic myth?" The answer to this is included and the answer to the question why is it important to know? Joseph Campbell in his hero of a thousand faces talked about the mask of culture. How culture is actually a mask, but this culture is not a reality in fact it's a manufactured reality. There's no person who does not have a culture, culture shows you who you are, what country you're from, how you relate to others, your beliefs, etc. Culture is how you relate to the world. When you transcend culture that is when you "Know Thyself". Your higher self is beyond culture. Once you Know Thyself then you discover other human beings are also the Self. Science confirms this through genetics, Anthropology, Genealogy etc. We are from the same source we are all brothers and sisters, called Sa(brother) and Sat(sister) in Ancient Kamit and this is what confused Egyptologist in their thinking that Ancient Egyptians practiced incest because they didn't and don't realized the ancient Egyptians recognize the relationship of all humanity regardless of skin color, eyes, or region. Our ability to produce regardless of various hues and shades shows us we are one. As soon as we stop affirming this misconception of separation, that we are not all related, once we stop denying our oneness we will have a better world. We are all African in essence and if this is the truth what has caused the situation we are in today? The answer is ignorance. The actual name of the sphinx is Har M Akhet (Heru in the horizon) and it is the oldest monument in the world the vertical striations show water damage which could only have occurred about 10000 BC. The fact that the sphinx is limestone makes it possible to date it, in contrast to granite of the pyramids. The Lion body and human head symbolizes someone who has mastered the lower nature and their intellect, their higher nature or the serpent on the head of the Sphinx. The Sphinx Temple is the oldest temple in the world. The Sphinx facing east lined up with the Leo constellation around 10,500 BC. Kamitic culture wore the same head dress as the Sphinx with the serpent on the forehead, it means that spiritual consciousness has reached the mind. Some of the symbols of the ancient Kamitic zodiac are the Ram, Bull and Lion. The headdress means the worship of the Spirit in the form of Heru (of Ra) goes all the way back to 30 BC and back before 10,000 BC. Kamit already had "high culture", Religion, Spirituality and philosophy while the people of Europe were still in caves. There was no other "high culture" in the world that was known not in Asia, India or Africa. All other cultures have drawn from ancient Egyptian civilization, but that doesn't make the other cultures civilizations this includes Christians, Jews, Hindus etc. New radiocarbon dating on organic material between the stones (since you cannot date the stones) of the pyramid have shown the date as 374 years older then what the textbooks say the pyramids are. This is important because it dismisses the notion that ancient Kamit developed at the same time as Sumerian culture and that ancient Kamit got its language and ideas of civilization from the Sumerians. Ancient Egypt is the flowering of African culture. Just as in essence we are all Africans, the essence of all religions have their origins in Africa. Hebrews were not slaves they were one group under ancient Egyptian rule and they did not build the pyramids. Even the worst estimated date of the pyramids by Europeans date them at 2300 BC the first Jewish person Abraham was supposed to have existed 2000 BC., which was hundreds of years later.
B-Note which one you thought was most important and why: one of the most important points that resonated with me during this lecture was the quote from African origins of civilization by Cheikh Anta Diop " the history of black Africa will remain suspended in air and cannot be written correctly until African historians dare to connect it with the history of Egypt. In particular, the study of languages, institutions, and so forth, cannot be treated properly; in a word, it will be impossible to build African humanities, a body of African human sciences, so long as that relationship does not appear legitimate." The reason why this is so important to myself is because from where I stand I've noticed that there has been a concentrated effort to keep the fact that the ancient Egyptians were Black African in origin who migrated from Ethiopia and that Egypt is actually in Africa as a part of the continent. Most people of African descent here in America especially the younger generation think that Egypt is in the Middle East and that the Ancient Egyptians look like they are portrayed in the movies. This


In 2003, the drought-stricken state of Texas passed a law requiring retail public water utilities to conduct a water audit every five years.
"We needed to know water loss accountability, how much water loss there is, how the utilities report water losses, and how efficient they are in doing so," says Mark Mathis, municipal water specialist for the Texas Water Development Board.
Three years after the program was implemented, though, Mathis is hard-pressed to compare water loss volumes in the state. Each of its more than 3000 utilities had its own method for calculating water loss percentages, with different variables. Nothing was standardized. "It's so across the board," he says.
These inconsistencies will gradually disappear as utilities adopt the state's new water audit methodology. As part of the state mandate, the water board created an audit form and worksheet based on a newly formulated International Water Association (IWA)/American Water Works Association (AWWA) audit process. In an attempt to make utilities account for every single drop of water, the audit standardizes terminology in an industry where there are no hard-and-fast definitions.
"It's a new method that eliminates the percentage method of accounting, as well as the term 'unnaccounted-for' water, to show in more exact terms where the inefficiencies are occurring," says Mathis.
Although the board is non-regulatory, it can deny funding requests from utilities that haven't submitted a water audit. Mathis believes this stipulation will increase the number of local utilities that adopt the new methodology, so the board can better calculate and manage the state's water loss.
How do you report water loss? What factors do you use to calculate water loss percentages?
Chances are, if 100 water utilities are asked such questions, most won't agree on any given answer. For example, most utilities consider a 10% to 15% "unaccounted-for" water loss rate as acceptable. But what is "unaccounted-for" water loss?
"You can put 10 water utility managers in a room, ask them what 'unaccounted-for' is, and they will each have a different answer," says Mathis.
There also isn't a uniform method for determining water loss percentages, says Mathis. Plus, there are four key measures percentages don't reveal:
 - Where the losses are occurring
 - How much those losses are costing the utility
 - How much is being lost (expressed in volume)
 - Why the losses are occurring.


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NCC maintains and updates a premier food and nutrient database that supports NDSR.
What sets the NDSR Food and Nutrient Database apart from the rest?
- Contains more foods and nutrients than other research quality databases (comparison table).
- Comprehensiveover 18,000 foods of which about 7,500 are brand name products, menu items available at 23 leading restaurants, and an array of ethnic foods.
- More nutrients and other food components than any other research quality food and nutrient database- 174 nutrients, nutrient ratios and other food components.
- Food group serving count system is available to facilitate estimating intake of food groups (e.g., daily servings of fruit).
- Completealmost no missing data entries for nutrient values.
- Currentongoing additions and updates to foods and nutrients in it.
- Foods, Nutrients, Food Groups
- Nutrient Completeness
- Nutrient Information Sources
- Imputation Procedures
- Additions and Updates
- Database Structure


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THROWING TECHNOLOGY HAS ARRIVED
The throwing stick, or non-returning boomerang has been in use for tens of thousands of years. Cultures all over the world, including the Americas, Egypt, India and Australia, used this weapon to hunt game on the ground and birds in the air.
A simple stick evolved to a weapon of sophistication capable of sustained flight and surprising ballistic power.
The Mammoth Ivory Boomerang Project
Our first project in throwing technology here was replicating this famous archaeological find from 23,000 years ago, in what is now Poland. The original was made in ivory, and is thought to be a throwing stick for hunting.
Although called a boomerang, it would never have returned in flight and was designed to go in a straight path toward target, with enough ballistic power to cripple even large game animals. Please check out our video here of the testing of our replicas.


'sub-ghosting', likely due to internal lens reflections. RIGHT: Secondary return stroke during the daytime.
Stage 5: Channel decay and bead-out
Immediately after a return stroke (first or secondary) discharges down the lightning channel, it begins a decaying stage in which the luminosity of the channel steadily decreases in intensity. In the latter part of this decaying stage, the luminous channel will break up into glowing 'beads' before dissipating altogether. Video cameras are usually able to capture this process, especially in the case of close strikes where more detail is afforded by the proximity of the channel. The bead-out or decay process can occupy one to three or more individual video frames.
Fig. 8: Video images of decaying or 'beading out' lightning channels. LEFT and CENTER: A secondary return stroke and its channel decay. RIGHT: A heavily beaded lightning channel in the latter stages of decay.
Upward leader or ghost artifact?
It is possible for a video camera to record a genuine 'upward leader' or 'streamer' extending from an object on the ground. (Pictured at right is a genuine upward streamer off of a television tower's antenna.) If this should happen to occur, a genuine leader should:
 - Show up on either the first return stroke frame, the frame just prior to the first return stroke, or both.

 - Be positioned in the correct location on-screen (attached to or traveling down a ground-based object).
Some tests you can perform to identify a 'ghost channel' artifact include the following:
 - Compare its shape to that of the first return stroke and the portion of the stepped leader that will become the main channel once it reaches the ground. If the shape of the two channels match, the image is a 'ghost channel'.

 - Scrutinize the probability of a bolt striking where it looks like it hit. Does the location of the channel appear suspect?

 - Listen closely to the accompanying audio track. A very close lightning strike or 'leader' will produce an instantaneous click, hiss, or bang sound.
Analyzing your lightning video, interlacing issues
The best way to closely examine video of lightning is digitally on a computer, using video editing software. The slow-motion and freeze-frame capabilities of most VCRs and video cameras will not allow you to see every single frame, which will cause you to miss frames containing important features.
After capturing your raw video, you'll need to extract full-screen still frames that you can view easily. Most editing software will allow you to do this to varying degrees. If you use a digital video camera that records interlaced frames, each of your still frames will actually contain two images. In order to retrieve both images from the single frame, you will need to use editing software such as Adobe Premiere Pro that exports raw interlaced frames. Pinnacle Studio, for instance, only exports one half of an interlaced frame, which once again will cause you to miss important details that might be visible in the other half. After exporting the still frames, you will need to de-interlace them into their two component images using image editing software such as Paint Shop Pro or Adobe Photoshop.
When going through your video using editing software, export one or two frames before and after the frames that contain a visible lightning feature. Examine these closely, you may be surprised at what you find!
Case Studies: Ghost artifacts from close strikes
Some lightning discharges contain only one return stroke, resulting in only one or two video frames recording an image of the channel. In most such cases, the only image captured is a 'ghost channel'. Even if your camera captures a 'ghost image', the true position of the bolt can still be found by closely examining the image with the aid of graphics software.
Case 1: Ghost channel from strike to tree 700 feet away
In Case #1, we'll examine images of a very close cloud-to-ground lightning discharge that struck a tree at a distance of approximately 700 feet. Two cameras were rolling and both caught the strike. Unfortunately, the lightning strike consisted of only a single return stroke, which meant that the cameras caught a ghost image of the bolt, but little else. Here is the view from camera #1, showing the ghost channel from the bolt:
We can see that the channel on this image is an obvious ghost, as its top comes to an abrupt end below the treeline. Camera #1 did not capture any other images of this strike on the frames before and after this one. We know the strike was very close, because the thunder on the video arrives exactly 2/3 of a second after the flash. So how do we find out where the bolt actually hit?
Since we know a video 'ghost' lightning channel is merely an image of the lightning shifted downward on the screen, the 'real' position of the 'ghost' channel can usually be obtained by shifting it upward, so that the top of the ghost channel is at the top of the video frame. Using graphics software, we can do a simple cut-and-paste of the ghost channel to move it up to its correct position:
As you can see, the ghost lightning channel is longer than the portion of the sky in view directly above it, showing that this bolt hit in front of the treeline horizon, as we suspected. Not as close as the ghost channel first makes it appear, but still very close.
Fortunately for this case, we can validate our analysis, and this technique, by looking closely at the video from camera #2. Camera #2 managed to capture one frame of the dissipating strike, immediately after the ghost channel image.
This frame shows the true position of our lightning strike. You can see the fiery orange color where the lightning channel travels down the tree, partially hidden by other trees in front of it.
Case 2: Hybrid ghost/actual channel from close strike
The 'degree of vertical displacement' of a ghost channel varies with each lightning bolt captured on tape. Some are shifted more than halfway down the screen, while others are only shifted slightly. In Case #2, we'll examine an image of a close strike in which the main channel is partly a 'ghost' and partly 'true'.
As with Case #1, this lightning discharge only consisted of one return stroke, with only one frame of video containing an image of the bolt. In this frame, the stepped leader can be seen at the top of the image, with the main channel extending downward to the ground.
By taking a close look at the lightning channel and stepped leader at the top of the frame, we can see that the main channel matches up in shape with a branch of the stepped leader. This gives us the 'degree of displacement' of the ghost channel vertically down the video frame.
Unlike Case #1, the displacement of the ghost channel on this image is small enough that it is actually closer to being a true representation of the correct position of the channel. So, we can take the same 'degree of displacement' measurement from the top of the frame and apply it to the bottom of the frame where the lightning hits the ground:
As a result, we can see that the lightning came down just behind the row of trees in the foreground, but was still in front of the second row of trees in the background (not in front of the first treeline as the ghosting would suggest).
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On-Demand | Sexual & Reproductive Health Drug Therapy 2020: Patient Care Conundrums
Patient Care Conundrums
Finding the Balance Between the Right Medication and Cost
This module uses case studies to illustrate how a primary care provider can incorporate Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) into everyday practice.
Objectives for Learning Outcomes
At the conclusion of this activity, participants will be better able to:
- Understand guideline recommendations for the treatment of asthma, COPD, diabetes, and anticoagulation.
- List patient specific factors that drive prescription selection for asthma, COPD, diabetes, and anticoagulation.
- Understand strategies to reduce cost for the health system and patients.
Briana Wityczak, PharmD
Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Emergency Department, University of Washington Medical Center – Montlake
Shaelah Easterday, PharmD
Pharmacy Manager, Credena Health Pharmacy Monroe, Providence Health & Services, Monroe
- 1.10 Contact hours
- 1.10 Pharmacology hours at the advanced practice level


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The Establishment of the Swinney Conservatory of Music at Central Methodist University
The Swinney Conservatory of Music at Central Methodist University in Fayette, Missouri has a long history with unique beginnings. After the Civil War, Central College (Central Methodist's original name) grew alongside a "Female Seminary," Howard-Payne Female College. Through the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the two schools developed their own distinct musical cultures with Howard-Payne faculty developing a music curriculum, and Central students forming their own musical ensembles. When the schools merged in 1923 these two cultures united to create a conservatory of music at a time when many other American conservatories were being established. Just before the merger, Kansas City banker Edward Fletcher Swinney, who had strong family ties to the Fayette area and a history of philanthropy towards causes in Missouri education, donated $35,000 to Howard-Payne College for the construction of the conservatory building that would eventually bear his name. This article focuses on the early history of both Central College and Howard-Payne Female College, the role that music played at both schools (as a curricular and non-curricular activity) and the events leading to the formation of Central College's music curriculum and construction of the Swinney Conservatory.
Samson, D. (2022). The Establishment of the Swinney Conservatory of Music at Central Methodist University. Journal of Historical Research in Music Education SAGE Publications.
The definitive version is available at _URL_
Arts, Languages, and Philosophy
Keywords and Phrases
19th Century; 20th Century; College Music History; Higher Education; Missouri Music Education; Music Education History
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Article - Journal
© 2022 SAGE Publications, All rights reserved.
01 Jan 2022


Lazer's Interactive Symbolic Assembler
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For the historical computer model from Apple, see Apple Lisa.
Lazer's Interactive Symbolic Assembler (Lisa) is an interactive MOS 6502 assembler for Apple II computers written by Randall Hyde in the late 1970s.
The latest version of Lisa is V3.2. Lisa includes an integrated editor with syntax checking. Lisa can assemble up to 30,000 lines of code in a minute on a 1 MHz computer, a speed achieved due to the editor's pre-parsing of the source code.
Lisa, before v.3, was able to assemble SWEET16 codes, a virtual 16-bit processor implemented as part of the Integer BASIC. However, the Apple II's Integer BASIC ROMs were replaced by Applesoft BASIC ROMs since the Apple II+, and the latter didn't contain the SWEET16 interpreter code.
The assembler also features "Randy's Hi-res Routines", a set of 2D computer graphics commands. Apple II's hi-res display pages (Hi-Res 1: 280 × 160 and Hi-Res 2: 280 × 192) were implemented by Steve Wozniak using two TTL chips. Therefore a software programmer has to deal with the discontinuous addressing of screen pixels (a full screen is split into three parts horizontally) and each pixel's coloring properties (each pixel uses 1-bit, its color is determined by that bit's place in a byte and its neighboring pixel). These ready-made subroutines were created to help programmers.
Lisa has a built-in disassembler.
 - Ward Douglas Maurer, APPLE assembly language with Lazerware software, Computer Science Press, 1984, ISBN 0-914894-82-X
External links[edit]


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The sentence is a bit complicated because it part of a dialogue, and Gargamel is not saying some words which are only implicit:
- Gargamel! Lâche mon robot! (Gargamel! Let go of my robot!)
- [Oui, Gargamel] lui-même, pauvres naïfs! (Yes, Gargamel himself! Poor gullible fools!)
What Gargamel is replying is first that yes, it's Gargamel himself ("lui-même") who is speaking. He is following up on the sentence of the first Smurf, who just noticed Gargamel and cried his name in shock.
Then he is calling the Smurfs "pauvres naïfs". I assume he is speaking to several Smurfs (perhaps including the robot in his hand?), otherwise it would not make sense to have a plural here.
Here, both "pauvre" (poor) and "naïf" (gullible) are adjectives; but he is using the adjective "naïf" as a noun, a process called nominalization. Thus "un naïf" is, well, a person who is "naïf" = "gullible". In the same way, in French we can say "un riche" (a rich person), "un pauvre" (a poor person), or even "un Français" (a French person). So while "naïf" is originally an adjective, here, it is used as a noun. This is hard to translate in English, where such a construction is rarely possible, and you can see above that I had to apply some creative leeway – adding the word "fool".
Finally, you have the word "pauvre", "poor". It is indeed an adjective, qualifying the noun "naïf". In this context it does not mean someone who has no money, the primary meaning of "pauvre"; rather, it is used to intensify the negative "naïf". It means that the Smurfs are not only gullible, but their gullibility even inspires pity.


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Upgrading of Symbolic and Synthetic Knowledge Bases: Analysis of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry and the Automotive Industry in China
The degree and the way of upgrading differ widely per industry. This article tries to give some new insights in these differences by linking the concept of upgrading to that of the knowledge base. Moreover, we try to identify barriers to upgrading as well as the appropriate spatial scale on which upgrading takes place, again for different knowledge bases. We support our argument by analysing the process of upgrading in two industries in China: the AEC industry (in Beijing and Shanghai) and the automotive industry (in Shanghai). Within these industries we focus on upgrading on two levels: within firms and within projects. Our findings for both industries suggest that the principal ways of upgrading of the symbolic knowledge base are joint brainstorming in internal and external project teams and labour mobility. Major factors that hinder the upgrading of symbolic knowledge include the development stage of China, the Chinese educational system and tensions about duplication of western designs. Upgrading of the synthetic knowledge base takes mainly place via inter-company training programmes of foreign firms, technology transfer and labour mobility on the long run. A possible barrier for upgrading of synthetic knowledge, especially in the automotive industry, is that foreign firms tend to keep certain engineering activities in their home base because of the risk of knowledge leakage. However, this is changing quickly as many foreign carmakers and their suppliers invest in engineering centres in China due to an increasing demand for cars, to governmental regulations and to intensifying competition.
|Date of creation:||2011|
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: Cannaregio, S. Giobbe no 873 , 30121 Venezia|
Web page: _URL_
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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Li, Yong & Oberheitmann, Andreas, 2009. "Challenges of rapid economic growth in China: Reconciling sustainable energy use, environmental stewardship and social development," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages _PHONE_, April.
- Jerker Moodysson & Lars Coenen & BjÃ¸rn Asheim, 2008.
"Explaining Spatial Patterns of Innovation: Analytical and Synthetic Modes of Knowledge Creation in the Medicon Valley Life-Science Cluster,"
Environment and Planning A,
, vol. 40(5), pages _PHONE_, May.
- Jerker Moodysson & Lars Coenen & Bjørn Asheim, 2008. "Explaining spatial patterns of innovation: analytical and synthetic modes of knowledge creation in the Medicon Valley life-science cluster," Environment and Planning A, Pion Ltd, London, vol. 40(5), pages _PHONE_, May.
- Cristina Chaminade, 2011.
"Are Knowledge Bases Enough? A Comparative Study of the Geography of Knowledge Sources in China (Great Beijing) and India (Pune),"
European Planning Studies,
Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(7), pages _PHONE_, July.
- Chaminade, Cristina, 2010. "Are knowledge-bases enough? A comparative study of the geography of knowledge sources in China (Great Beijing) and India (Pune)," Papers in Innovation Studies 2010/13, Lund University, CIRCLE - Center for Innovation, Research and Competences in the Learning Economy.
- Michael Storper & Anthony J. Venables, 2004.
"Buzz: face-to-face contact and the urban economy,"
Journal of Economic Geography,
Oxford University Press, vol. 4(4), pages 351-370, August.
- Michael Storper & Anthony J. Venables, 2003. "Buzz: Face-to-Face Contact and the Urban Economy," CEP Discussion Papers dp0598, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- Storper, Michael & Venables, Anthony J., 2003. "Buzz: face-to-face contact and the urban economy," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 20008, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Giuliani, Elisa & Pietrobelli, Carlo & Rabellotti, Roberta, 2005. "Upgrading in Global Value Chains: Lessons from Latin American Clusters," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 549-573, April.
- Elisa Giuliani & Carlo Pietrobelli & Roberta Rabellotti, 2004. "Upgrading in global value chains: lessons from latin american clusters," Working Papers 72, SEMEQ Department - Faculty of Economics - University of Eastern Piedmont.
- Kaplinsky, Raphael & Messner, Dirk, 2008. "Introduction: The Impact of Asian Drivers on the Developing World," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 197-209, February.
- Robert C. Kloosterman, 2008. "Walls and bridges: knowledge spillover between 'superdutch' architectural firms," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 8(4), pages 545-563, July.
- Raphael Kaplinsky & Jeff Readman, 2005. "Globalization and upgrading: what can (and cannot) be learnt from international trade statistics in the wood furniture sector?," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press, vol. 14(4), pages 679-703, August.
- Gereffi, Gary, 1999. "International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 37-70, June. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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Objectives: To estimate the frequency and determine the risk factors for incident dementia in community-dwelling patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in control subjects.
Design: Prospective cohort study. During a 3.5-year period, 140 patients with idiopathic PD without evidence of dementia and 572 nondemented control subjects were identified in the community of Washington Heights-Inwood in New York, NY. All subjects underwent neurological and neuropsychological evaluations and follow-up examinations.
Results: Twenty-seven patients with PD (19.2%) became demented throughout 2 years, as compared with 87 (15.2%) of the control subjects. The relative risk (RR) for the development of dementia with PD was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.7) after adjusting for age, education, and gender. Predictive features of incident dementia were an extrapyramidal score greater than 25 (RR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.4 to 8.9) and a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score greater than 10 (RR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.9).
Conclusion: Patients with PD, especially those with severe extrapyramidal signs, have almost twice the risk for the development of dementia than do community-dwelling control subjects.


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Gas - Liquid
The role of the mixer
is to increase the gas dispersion throughout the liquid and produce sufficient shear to break
the gas bubbles into a size that will give the greatest interfacial area for best mass transfer rate.
Some examples of gas dispersion operations are:
- Hydrogenation — vegetable oils using hydrogen.
- Carbonations — CO2 gas conversions of Hydroxides to Bicarbonates.
- Air dispersion for absorption or fermentation processes.
A mixer will increase efficiencies by decreasing the gas bubble size, therefore increasing the interfacial area of the gas for better mass transfer. Increasing the gas-liquid interface turbulence, thus reducing the liquid film resistance. Providing a uniform gas concentration throughout the tank contents.
The agitator influence a gas-liquid system in thew following ways:
- Increasing interfacial area for mass transfer contact by reducing bubble size, thus increasing exposed bubble surface area to the liquid.
- Increasing gas hold-up or residence time, allowing the gas to remain in contact with the liquid longer.
- Providing uniform contact of reactants throughout the vessel.
In order to achieve these three goals, both flow control and shear control are required in gas-liquid systems.
The basic approach to selecting the right mixer for an application requiring gas-liquid contacting is to decide from the process details whether the process is controlled by:
Physical Dispersion (Visual observation of gas -liquid in the vessel)
Mass Transfer (This mass transfer rate is a function of mixer horsepower, gas rate and a system driving force).
Majority (80 - 90% ) of gas-liquid systems requiring agitation can achieve the process result (e.g., mass transfer) by simply sizing for physical gas dispersion.
Gas - Liquid; Physical Dspersion
For every shear rate there is a corresponding shear stress. It is this shear stress, the product of shear rate and viscosity, which tends to tear and break a gas bubble.
The average shear rate at the impeller is a function of impeller speed only. The maximum shear rate around the impeller is a function of both the impeller speed and diameter. An additional range of shear rates is generated throughout the entire contents of the tank as the primary flow interacts with the bulk fluid flow, tank walls and bottom.
The compressor-energy of the gas is released when the gas is discharged near the bottom of a vessel. The energy of the gas is referred to as the isothermal expansion horsepower (IEHP) and is found to be directly related to the superficial gas velocity. (Superficial gas velocity is the volumetric flowrate of the gas at mid-depth divided by the cross sectional area of the tank.) Isothermal expansion horsepower is defined by the following equation:
IEHP = (0.064) (SCFM) In (P2/P1),
where P1 = ambient pressure, absolute
P2 = pressure at sparge location, absolute vessel head pressure plus hydrostatic head
The velocity head of the gas is negligible when compared to the pressure head.
The isothermal expansion horsepower per 1000 gallons can be approximated using the following simple equation:
IEHP/1000 gallons = 0.25 x Vf, where Vf is the superficial gas velocity in feet per minute.
Most compressors operate adiabatically. Adiabatic horsepower is defined by:
Adiabatic HP = (0.2268)x (SCFM)x [(P2/P1)^0.283 — 1]
From adiabatic horsepower the brake horsepower required by the compressor can be determined.
Physical dispersion of a gas can be characterized by "degree of dispersion" which is not only a function of horsepower but also impeller type. When the isothermal expansion horsepower is greater than the mixer horsepower input to the system, the gas controls the flow pattern of the tank and the mixer is said to be "flooded".
Varying degrees of dispersion, between flooding and uniform dispersion may be developed. They are a function of the impeller type, its inherent flow direction, gas rate and mixer power input into the system. It should be noted that nothing can be surmised about the mass transfer rate based solely on analysis of the flow pattern and flow regime of the gas-liquid system.
Gassed vs Ungassed HP
The power consumed by an impeller operating in a gas-liquid system is typically different from the power consumed when the system is running ungassed. In most cases the power consumption of the mixer is lower in the gassed condition than in the ungassed condition. However, some impellers can actually draw the same or greater power in the gassed state, when compared to the ungassed state, depending upon operating conditions.
In the flooded state the gas passes rapidly through the liquid, tending to geyser and "burp" at the surface. This occurrence illustrates that the gas is not adequately or uniformly dispersed. At this point, the mixer probably contributes very little to the process result, if anything. Furthermore, the power consumption of the mixer is greatly reduced, and the mixer is subjected to increased mechanical loads (fluid forces) that can be detrimental. A flooded condition is undesirable in almost all situations since gas dispersion is greatly reduced, regardless of the impeller being used.
The ratio of gassed shaft horsepower to ungassed shaft horsepower is called the "K" factor of the impeller, i.e. K = Pg/Po. For each impeller type, this factor is unique and is a function of gas rate, impeller diameter, speed and horsepower input.
Since loading the mixer depends on the gas rate, it is important to take the K factor effect into consideration when designing the mixer. We must ensure that the necessary amount of power is generated by the mixer in the gassed condition to overcome the isothermal expansion horsepower and obtain the required process result.
If the K factor is close to 1, the mixer should be loaded in the ungassed condition. But we must be sure that in the gassed condition, the mixer is capable of delivering the necessary power required to obtain the process result. If the K factor is significantly less than 1, the situation becomes more complex. It may be suitable to design the mixer with a 2-speed motor, the high speed is used during the gassed phase and the lower speed is used in the ungassed phase.
Loading a mixer based on the gassed horsepower and using a 2-speed motor may offer advantages such as a smaller mixer, lower operating cost, lower spare parts cost, and a smaller, less expensive starter box.
Another option is to have the mixer loaded for the gassed condition and gas-interlocked with the mixer power supply. Again, the customer can design the system such that if the gas shuts off, the mixer shuts off as well, ensuring that the mixer won't overload.
The main objective to keep in mind when deciding how to load a unit is to make sure that the mixer provides the necessary power input in the gassed condition to meet the process requirements without overloading the unit in the ungassed condition.
As a general rule, a gas velocity of 6 feet/min requires 3-10 HP per 1000 gallons to avoid flooding of the impeller in the gassed condition. To invest this amount of HP requires speeds from 125-190 RPM.
The gas factor is used to modify the HP for gassed conditions, the mixer will overload if run at the same speed in the ungassed state.
Surface Tension and Viscosity Effects
The surface tension between air and water is typical of many gas-liquid systems.
The flow pattern of the gas as well as the liquid is primarily determined by the balance between isothermal expansion horsepower (or superficial gas velocity) and mixer horsepower, regardless of viscosity or surface tension.
If the surface tension is reduced, the visible effect is a marked reduction in bubble size, and a reduction in the tendency for geysering at the surface. Because the finer bubbles tend to rise more slowly, the gas is also driven to lower levels in the tank. Liquid film mass transfer coefficients also increase.
The rise velocities of an air bubble through liquids of various viscosities can be estimated. A rise in velocity of 10' to 60' per minute is needed for gas bubbles to escape from the sparge ring and pass upward through the system. Bubbles 2" to 4" in diameter are common in high viscosity gas liquid systems. At the surface these larger bubbles look undispersed, but this is necessary for bubbles to escape in high viscosity systems.
Gas Disperison with Solids suspension
Determine the horsepower required for solids suspension and using the impeller diameter to tank diamter ratio ( D/T ) as selected for gas dispersion. If the mixer horsepower applied during gas injection is more than four times this amount, the solids suspension will be adequately achieved.
If the gassed horsepower level under the same conditions as above is between
three and four times the solids suspension power requirement, and the dispersion level chosen is intimate or uniform, the solids suspension objective will still be accomplished.
If the combined gas dispersion-solids suspension jobs do not fall in either of the
above categories, contact ZAIN.
Gas Disperison Spargers - Turbines
Gas is added to the system through a sparge ring or tube. A sparge ring is mounted 6"-10" below the turbine and its diameter should be the same as the impeller. It should have the gas outlet holes on the top and the total area of the holes should be greater than the inside diameter of the ring. Several drain holes are drilled in the ring bottom to allow draining totake place when the tank is emptied.
In cases


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text:
"This equipment hung from the ceiling records magnetism and the gravity of the earth. Movement a compass shakes and shows a direction, and movement of balance inclines by a liquid falls like intravenous drip. Equipment 'magnetic field record' describes by applying these two movements.
The dropper containing Chinese ink, and the weight supporting the spindle. The Chinese ink falls, and the dropper becomes light and inclines, then it moves to a center gradually, the horizontally extended magnet is pulled to the magnetism of the earth, and repeats inversion motion."


text:
Jump to: General, Art, Business, Computing, Medicine, Miscellaneous, Religion, Science, Slang, Sports, Tech, Phrases
We found 9 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word adducts:
Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "adducts" is defined.
General (7 matching dictionaries)
- adducts: Collins English Dictionary [home, info]
- adducts: Vocabulary.com [home, info]
- adducts: Wordnik [home, info]
- adducts: Wiktionary [home, info]
- adducts: Dictionary.com [home, info]
- Adducts: Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia [home, info]
- adducts: Dictionary/thesaurus [home, info]
Computing (1 matching dictionary)
- adducts: Encyclopedia [home, info]
Medicine (1 matching dictionary)
- adducts: Medical dictionary [home, info]
(Note: See adduct for more definitions.)
Quick definitions from WordNet (adduct)
▸ noun: a compound formed by an addition reaction
▸ verb: draw a limb towards the body
("Adduct the thigh muscle"
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Kauri gum
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A 19th-century carving of a tattooed Maori from kauri gum. The carving is owned and displayed by the Dargaville Museum, New Zealand.
Kauri gum (/kˈri/)[1] is a fossilised resin extracted from kauri trees (Agathis australis), which is made into crafts such as jewellery. Kauri forests once covered much of the North Island of New Zealand, before the arrival of people caused deforestation, causing several areas to revert to sand dunes, scrubs, and swamps. Even afterward, ancient kauri fields continued to provide a source for the gum and the remaining forests.[2][3]
A dark gold transparent smooth lump of resin
Kauri gum, polished
A dark gold transparent rough lump of resin
Kauri gum, unpolished
The Māori had many uses for the gum, which they called kapia. Fresh gum was used as a type of chewing gum (older gum was softened by soaking and mixing with juice of the puha thistle). Highly flammable, the gum was also used as a fire-starter, or bound in flax to act as a torch. Burnt and mixed with animal fat, it made a dark pigment for moko tattooing.[5] Kauri gum was also crafted into jewellery, keepsakes, and small decorative items. Like amber, kauri gum sometimes includes insects and plant material.[6]
Kauri gum was used commercially in varnish, and can be considered a type of copal (the name given to resin used in such a way). Kauri gum was found to be particularly good for this, and from the mid-1840s was exported to London and America. Tentative exports had begun a few years earlier, however, for use in marine glue and as fire-kindlers;[7] gum had even made up part of an export cargo to Australia in 1814.[8]
Since the kauri gum was found to mix more easily with linseed oil, at lower temperatures, than other resins, by the 1890s, 70 percent of all oil varnishes made in England used kauri gum.[9] It was used to a limited extent in paints during the late 19th century, and from 1910 was used extensively in the manufacture of linoleum. From the 1930s, the market for gum dropped as synthetic alternatives were found, but there remained niche uses for the gum in jewellery and specialist high-grade varnish for violins.[9]
Kauri gum was Auckland's main export in the second half of the 19th century, sustaining much of the early growth of the city. Between 1850 and 1950, 450,000 tons of gum were exported.[10] The peak in the gum market was 1899, with 11,116 tons exported that year, with a value of £600,000 ($989,700).[8][11] The average annual export was over 5,000 tons, with the average price gained £63 ($103.91) per ton.[12]
The gum varied in color depending on the condition of the original tree. It also depended on where the gum had formed and how long it had been buried. Colors ranged from chalky-white, through red-brown to black; the most prized was a pale gold, as it was hard and translucent.[4][13] The size of each lump also varied greatly. Swamps tended to yield the small nuggets known as "chips", whereas the hillsides tended to produce larger lumps. The majority were the size of acorns, although some were found which weighed a few pounds; the largest (and rarest) were reported to weigh half a hundredweight.[14] Kauri gum shares a few characteristics with amber, another fossilised resin found in the Northern Hemisphere, but where amber can be dated as millions of years old, carbon-dating suggests the age of most kauri gum is a few thousand years.[7]
A very large grey tree in a jungle-like setting
Kauri tree in Waipoua Forest
Most of the gumfields were in Northland, Coromandel and Auckland, the site of the original kauri forests. Initially, the gum was readily accessible, commonly found lying on the ground. Captain Cook reported the presence of resinous lumps on the beach at Mercury Bay, Coromandel, in 1769, although he suspected it came from the mangroves, and missionary Samuel Marsden spoke of their presence in Northland in 1819.[13]
By 1850, most of the surface-lying gum had been picked up, and people began digging for it. The hillsides yielded shallow-buried gum (about 1 m), but in the swamps and beaches, it was buried much further down (4 m or below).[2]
Stone statue of a middle aged-man with a beard, a shovel, and some other similar instrument
Gum-digger statue at Dargaville
Gum-diggers were men and women who dug for kauri gum, a fossilised resin, in the old kauri fields of New Zealand at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The gum was used mainly for varnish. The term may be a source for the nickname "Digger" given to New Zealand soldiers in World War I.[15] In 1898, a gum-digger described "the life of a gum-digger" as "wretched, and one of the last [occupations] a man would take to."[16]
Gum-diggers worked in the old kauri fields, most of which were then covered by swamp or scrub, digging for the gum. Much of the population was transient, moving from field to field, and they lived in rough huts or tents (which were called "whares", after the Maori for 'house'). It was extremely hard work and not very well paid, but it attracted many Maori and European settlers, including women and children.[17] There were many Dalmatians, who had first come to work the South Island goldfields in the 1860s.[18] They were transient workers, rather than settlers, and much of their income was sent out of the country, resulting in much resentment from the local workforce. In 1898, the "Kauri Gum Industry Act" was passed, which reserved gum-grounds for British subjects, and requiring all other diggers to be licensed. By 1910, only British subjects could hold gum-digging licences.[19]
Gum-digging was the major source of income for settlers in Northland, and farmers often worked the gumfields in the winter months to subsidise the poor income from their unbroken land. By the 1890s, 20,000 people were engaged in gum-digging, of which 7000 worked full-time.[20] Gum-digging was not restricted to settlers or workers in the rural areas; Auckland families would cross the Waitematā Harbour by ferry at weekends to dig in the fields around Birkenhead, causing damage to public roads and private farms, and leading to local council management of the problem.[21]
Large group of men filling a picture of a mining field.
Group of gum-diggers in gumfield (1908)
North Auckland Kauri Forest c1890 - c1910
Most gum was dug from the ground using gum-spears (pointed rods to probe for gum) and "skeltons", defined as blade-edged spades for cutting through old wood and roots as well as soil. Once the gum was retrieved it would need to be scraped and cleaned.[22]
Digging in swamps was more complicated; a longer spear (up to 8m) was often used, often fitted with a hooked end to scoop out the lumps. Scrub was often cleared first with fire; some got out of control and swamp fires could burn for weeks.[23] Holes were often dug by teams in both hills and swamps—often up to 12m deep—and some wetlands were drained to aid in the excavation of gum.[24] As field gum became scarce, "bush gum" was obtained by purposely cutting the bark of kauri trees and returning months later to retrieve the hardened resin. Due to the damage caused to the trees by the cutting the practice was banned in state forests in 1905.[22] Gum chips, small lumps useful for the manufacture of linoleum, were difficult to find, and by 1910, the process of washing and sieving to retrieve the chips became common. The process was later mechanised.[25]
Gum merchants[edit]
Gumdiggers generally sold their gum to local gumbuyers, who transported it to Auckland (generally by sea) for sale to merchants and exporters.[26] There were six major export firms in Auckland who dealt in gum, employing several hundred workers who graded and rescraped the gum for export, packing them in cases made from kauri timber.[27]
As early as the 1830s and 1840s, merchants, including Gilbert Mair and Logan Campbell, were buying gum from local Māori for £5 ($8.25) a ton, or trading it for goods.[8] The majority of the gum was exported to America and London (from whence it was distributed throughout Europe),


Tennessee State Motto
South Dakota Motto
Agriculture and Commerce
The state motto of Tennessee is "Agriculture and Commerce." It is taken from words on the Tennessee state seal and was formally adopted in 1987.
The significance of the motto can be understood while looking at Tennessee's economic growth. The state is one of the most agriculturally diverse states in the country due to its rich soil, good climate, and rainfall. Not only does the terrain range from mountains to hills to flatlands so does the kind of agriculture made possible there. East Tennessee is populated with livestock and dairies while middle Tennessee is greener with its orchards, nurseries, and vegetable production, and western Tennessee tends to various crops.


text:
Determining the impact of unexpected disruptions to a complex supply chain
Aw, Waldron Jun Jie
Date of Issue2016-05-26
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
This final year project deals with simulating disruptions in a multi-echelon supply chain and the objective is to study the propagation of such disruptions and also the factors affecting such disruptions. Different simulation techniques were reviewed and studied before discrete event simulation (DES) was chosen as inventory levels are of interest in this project and inventory levels in a supply chain evolve over time due to discrete events. A FlexSim model was created to study the propagation of disruptions in a supply chain. Verification was done by checking the structure, code and animated flow of the entities. As real life data was not available, validation was carried out based on data provided by SIMTech that was derived using an time based Input-output model (I-O model that had been developed and validated previously by SIMTech). After the FlexSim model had been verified and validated, disruptions were introduced at various locations in the supply chain so that the propagation of disruptions can be studied. Based on the results of the simulation model, critical nodes were identified and the factors leading to these nodes being critical were studied, analyzed and given weights. The analysis showed that trading volume and BOM are important factors that render nodes critical. The results also show that the disruption experienced by the end consumer does not change much when there are additional disruptions downstream of critical nodes. However, the disruption propagated to the end consumer fluctuates differently when there are additional disruptions downstream of critical nodes. These findings allow managers to prioritize nodes when planning and to take mitigating actions to manage the effects of disruptive events.
Final Year Project (FYP)
Nanyang Technological University


位置：首页 » 文章/教程分享 » VBA嵌套if语句
if 或 elseif 语句中嵌套另一个 if 或 elseif 语句。if 语句基于最外层 if 语句执行。这使得VBScript 来处理复杂的条件更容易。
语法:
VBScript中的嵌套 if 语句的语法是：
If(boolean_expression) Then
 Statement 1
 .....
 .....
 Statement n
 If(boolean_expression) Then
 Statement 1
 .....
 .....
 Statement n
 ElseIf (boolean_expression) Then
 Statement 1
 .....
 ....
 Statement n
 Else
 Statement 1
 .....
 ....
 Statement n
 End If
Else
 Statement 1
 .....
 ....
 Statement n
End If
示例
为了演示的目的，找出正数类型在函数的帮助下完成。
Private Sub nested_if_demo_Click()
 Dim a As Integer
 a = 23

 If a > 0 Then
 MsgBox "The Number is a POSITIVE Number"
 If a = 1 Then
 MsgBox "The Number is Neither Prime NOR Composite"
 ElseIf a = 2 Then
 MsgBox "The Number is the Only Even Prime Number"
 ElseIf a = 3 Then
 MsgBox "The Number is the Least Odd Prime Number"
 Else
 MsgBox "The Number is NOT 0,1,2 or 3"
 End If
 ElseIf a < 0 Then
 MsgBox "The Number is a NEGATIVE Number"
 Else
 MsgBox "The Number is ZERO"
 End If
End Sub
当执行上面的代码，它产生了以下结果：
The Number is a POSITIVE Number
The Number is NOT 0,1,2 or 3


text:
San Juan is one of the few villages left around Guatemala that dyes its yarn naturally. The natural yarn process is fascinating. It is incredible that such vibrant colours can be achieved in a completely natural way.
Once picked, the natural cotton balls—which are white, khaki or coffee in color—are pulled apart so that the seeds can be removed. (pictured right) The cotton is then stretched and pounded into a rectangle in preparation for spinning it into thread.
The cotton is then handspun on a spool. One hand spins the spool while the other holds the cotton high until long strands begin to form. It is necessary to spin the cotton several times to achieve a very fine cotton thread. (pictured below)
A natural fixator made from banana leaves is used to ensure the finished yarn does not bleed as synthetic dye often does. The cotton is first dipped in the banana water then into the pot containing the boiling water and desired dye – usually depending on the hue desired, you boil the yarn for 2 – 3 hours. The final step is dipping the now naturally dyed yarn in the banana water again to fix the colour. The result; a vibrant colour that does not bleed or stain and is completely environmentally friendly.
Both muted and vivid dye colors can be achieved depending on the boiling time and the plants they are derived from, some of which include avocado, guava, carrots, basil and cinnamon. What is interesting is that often the plant or insect gives an unexpected colour.
Who would have thought that avocado dye equals pink yarn?


text:
7 Strategies to Make AI-Driven Wellness Solutions User-Friendly for All Employees
To uncover how to make AI-driven wellness solutions accessible to all, we've gathered seven insights from leaders at the forefront of employee wellness. From using plain language for accessibility to customizing wellness programs for engagement, these leaders offer invaluable tips for bridging the tech proficiency gap.
- Use Plain Language for Accessibility
- Familiar Interfaces Ease User Experience
- Incorporate Interactive On-Demand Assistance
- Enable Multilingual Support and Accessibility
- Involve Non-Technical Staff in Design
- Provide Training for Program Proficiency
- Customize Wellness Programs for Engagement
Use Plain Language for Accessibility
Minimizing technical language is essential to make AI-driven wellness solutions accessible to employees with a range of technical backgrounds.
Not everyone has grown up in the digital age; in fact, according to Bain research, workers aged 55 and older will exceed 25% of the workforce by 2031.
Steering clear of unnecessary jargon or complex terminology that might alienate users is advisable. Instead, using plain language that resonates with a broader audience, regardless of their technical expertise, is beneficial. It's important to consider the diverse educational and professional backgrounds of the workforce, ensuring that the language used is inclusive and easily comprehensible to all.
Source: James Root et al. (2023), "Better with Age: The Rising Importance of Older Workers," Bain. Available at: _URL_
Familiar Interfaces Ease User Experience
At our company, we've integrated Digital Wellness Coaches, AI-driven tools designed to enhance employee well-being. The key to ensuring their user-friendliness for all employees, irrespective of their tech-savviness, lies in simplicity and familiarity. One approach we took was to model the interface on popular social media platforms. Many of our staff, from the warehouse to the executive suite, were already comfortable with such platforms. This familiarity reduced the intimidation factor significantly. For instance, during our initial rollout, I personally witnessed a diverse group from various departments easily navigate through the wellness program, setting up their profiles, and accessing resources without any technical hiccups.
Incorporate Interactive On-Demand Assistance
As a CEO involved in different facets of my education company, I believe that continuous learning is crucial, even with AI-driven wellness solutions. My top tip is to incorporate an interactive help or virtual assistant within the application itself. Much like learning a new language, employees can access guided help on-demand and at their own pace, bringing adaptability to various technical abilities. This availability also lessens potential intimidation and confusion stemming from new AI technology, making wellness engagement more seamless and inclusive for everyone.
Enable Multilingual Support and Accessibility
Ensuring universal accessibility in AI-driven wellness solutions is crucial for diverse employee engagement. Through the integration of robust language support and the enabling of developer-mode output, these solutions become user-friendly for individuals with varying technical proficiency. This adaptation promotes inclusivity, allowing users to navigate and engage effortlessly in their preferred language. The intentional integration of language support features acknowledges the inherent diversity within user bases, aligning with the broader goal of making AI-driven wellness solutions universally accessible. This pragmatic approach eliminates potential barriers to participation, fostering a globally inclusive and linguistically diverse workforce, and ultimately positioning technology as an enabler of employee well-being.
Involve Non-Technical Staff in Design
Create a task force of non-technical employees to provide input on the design and functionality of AI-driven wellness solutions. Their perspectives will ensure the solutions are intuitive and user-friendly. For example, HR can select representatives from different departments and organize focus groups to gather their insights. By involving non-technical employees, the solutions can be tailored to meet the needs of the majority, leading to higher adoption and satisfaction rates.
Provide Training for Program Proficiency
It's important to ensure that the wellness program is accessible to all employees, regardless of their technical proficiency. One way to do this is to provide training and resources to help employees learn how to use the program effectively. This can include things like video tutorials, written instructions, and one-on-one support. In addition, it's important to make sure that the program is designed with the user in mind. This means making sure that the interface is intuitive and easy to navigate, and that the program is customized to meet the unique needs of each employee.
Customize Wellness Programs for Engagement
To ensure AI-driven wellness solutions are effective for employees across various generations, it's crucial to provide a customizable experience. I've learned through experience that the standard one-size-fits-all approach is not very effective. Nowadays, people like to personalize everything, and this should be the same for employee wellness programs.
Employees should be able to choose what they want in their wellness program. They should be able to pick the content they like and receive alerts for topics they're interested in. Ensuring they see the most important and relevant information when they log in is crucial. Using this preference for personalization can really help increase employee engagement with the intranet. By meeting each person's individual needs and preferences, the wellness program becomes more effective and appealing for everyone, regardless of their age, technical proficiency, or generational background.
Submit Your Answer
Would you like to submit an alternate answer to the question, "HR and employee wellness leaders, how do you ensure that AI-driven wellness solutions are user-friendly for all employees, regardless of their technical proficiency? Share one tip."
- The Future of Employee Wellness: Trends and Predictions for 2023 – Beni.fit
- 5 Tips to Ensure Your Employee Benefits and Wellness Programs Align
- Is It Time to Rethink Your Employee Wellness Strategy