text:
RAN's first flagship: HMAS Australia
HMAS Australia, an Indefatigable-class battle cruiser, was the first flagship of the Royal Australian Navy.
Commissioned by the Australian Government to protect the Australasian-Pacific region, HMAS Australia was armour plated and carried 900 officers and crew. It boasted side-firing torpedos, 14 quick-firing guns and four sets of paired breech loading guns - with a projectile range of more than 25 kilometres.
At 179 metres long and with a displacement of 15,000 tonnes, the ship was seen as an impressive statement of the RAN's credibility.


VISTA Training Offers PC-based Bulldozer Simulator
VISTA Training now offers a PC-based bulldozer simulator from Simlog. This instructionally designed simulation software puts trainees at the controls of a medium-sized bulldozer at work in a typical construction site. Seven simulation modules are structured to train entry-level operators on basic operation and core skills. Lessons begin with controls familiarization and progress to more complex tasks.
"This new dozer simulator is the perfect complement to VISTA's dozer training programs," said VISTA Training President Rick Longstaff. "By using them together, fleet owners can provide comprehensive yet cost-effective training to their operator candidates."
The operation of the bulldozer simulator can be customized to simulate the behavior of a wide variety of machines. For example, it can be configured to use separate foot pedals for the decelerator and brake, or just a single pedal that combines both functions. Blade speed can also be adjusted.
As trainees perform tasks in the simulator, the software records data about key performance indicators that measure how quickly and carefully the simulated work is performed. The simulator tracks more than 20 performance indicators. This data can be used to provide diagnostic coaching to trainees, to help them overcome weak spots in their skills.


Diary Study is more of a qualitative study and is conducted over a long period of time by placing a "diary" in consumers' homes. The consumers are then requested to record their observations, experiences while using the product, their activities (what to record is determined by the area of interest).
When to use: Diary Study is a very effective tool used to determine in-home consumption patterns of consumables such as food items, home care items etc. this tool can be used to determine habits, usage patterns, purchase patterns, any changes in consumers' behaviours. For example, if one were to observe the consumers' interaction with Cooking Oil. We will place the diary and ask the consumers to note following:
 1. Quantity used every time they cook a meal
 2. What price they bought at
 3. What quantity was bought
 4. From where did they buy
 5. Do they use different oils for different foods
The study is effective only if it is done for a longer period.
 1. Gives a good understanding on consumers' interaction with a particular brand or household item
 2. We can study multiple categories at the same time
 1. Since it is self-reported study, the behavior is mostly claimed
 2. Consumer may or may not fill the diary immediately and hence may fill diary based on what they may recall. This sometimes may lead to inaccurate data
 1. Panelists need to be trained well before the study is initiated


text:
In the state of Florida, we're no stranger to high winds. However, many people don't realize that, in addition to the damage that they can cause to homes and personal property, high winds can also cause devastating auto accidents. As a driver, there are certain precautions you can take when operating your car, truck, or other motor vehicle in high winds to minimize the risk of such an accident and help protect your safety and the safety of others.
If you have been involved in an auto accident involving poor weather conditions, you may be entitled to compensation for losses and expenses related to any injuries you sustained. The personal injury attorneys of Chanfrau & Chanfrau have extensive experience and a history of success in handling cases involving auto accidents and high winds in the Holly Hill, FL region, and they would be pleased to evaluate your case and advise you of your legal rights and options.
Please contact our personal injury law firm today to arrange for an evaluation of your auto accident case. In the meanwhile, feel free to read the following tips to help you avoid auto accidents caused by high winds in the future.
Helpful Tips to Avoid Auto Accidents Caused by High Winds
By following these tips, you can minimize the risk of serious auto accidents caused by high winds:
- Maintain a safe driving speed: It is more difficult to keep control of your vehicle at higher speeds even when the weather is perfect; however, when the winds are high, speeding dramatically increases your risk of losing control. Keep yourself safe by slowing down during high winds.
- Stay away from large vehicles: If you drive a passenger vehicle, steer clear of large commercial trucks, buses, and other larger vehicles on the road. These taller, less aerodynamic vehicles tend to be more difficult to maneuver in high winds.
- Be on the lookout for flying debris: It isn't just the wind itself you have to be mindful of during high winds. Watch out for flying debris and remember that, the faster you are driving, the more dangerous the impact with such debris will be.
- Avoid downed power lines: Never assume that a downed power line isn't active. A high-voltage wire could still be alive and cause terrible injuries.
- Watch out for slippery conditions: When wind is accompanied by rain, snow, sleet, or hail, the roads become much more hazardous to drive. Hydroplaning is dangerous enough; when it is combined with a strong burst of wind, the results can be catastrophic.
- Keep a fully charged cell phone on hand: Make sure that if you must travel in high-wind conditions, you are able to communicate in the event of an emergency. Keep a fully charged cell phone on hand at all times.
Arrange for an Evaluation of Your Auto Accident Case
To arrange for an evaluation of your auto accident case, please contact Chanfrau & Chanfrau today.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Murcia, May 2022. Agromediterránea, a specialist in the cultivation and marketing of vegetables straight from the fields, now provides part of its range in new, plastic-free packaging: a 100% bio-based, biodegradable, and compostable PLA and kraft paper bag. This is in response to consumers' growing concern for the environment and their search for fresh food that is produced sustainably and fits in with a healthy diet.
The new plant-based bag prolongs the product shelf life which, in the case of radishes and broccoli florets—the two products that Agromediterránea is already offering with this packaging—can extend to 14 days. Furthermore, thanks to the PLA content, consumers can see the quality and freshness of the product at a glance.
"Innovation and commitment to sustainability, the circular economy and product safety are key issues for Agromediterránea. This is conveyed in our ongoing quest to find sustainable alternatives for packaging that will help to reduce our ecological footprint, whilst at the same time guarantee food safety and maximum product quality," explained Francisco Sánchez, Managing Director of the company.
Foodiverse, the group to which Agromediterránea belongs, specialises in healthy food and supplies its fresh-cut range in biodegradable bags made of kraft paper and PLA. This compostable packaging can be disposed of with organic waste or, in its absence, paper and card for recycling.
Further product innovation
In line with their mission to help consumers to follow a healthy diet easily and with appetising, on-trend food, Agromediterránea continues to offer a wide range of vegetables in all shapes and sizes, flavours, textures, and colours to show that eating a healthy, varied diet can be fun.
In fact, the company has also expanded its fresh vegetable range by including the white courgette—adding to the green, yellow and round courgettes of both colours, the red Lamuyo pepper, and the black beauty aubergine—coming soon.
What's more, Agromediterránea is continuing to extend its organic product range, which already includes radishes, sweetcorn, courgettes, broccoli, and Iceberg lettuces and is marketed under the brand Sun&Vegs or a private label.
A wide range of sustainable packaging
This new bag adds to Agromediterránea's range of environmentally friendly vegetable packaging. As part of its "zero plastic" strategy, the company is already selling the products in its agricultural range in bulk, in trays made of alternative materials to plastic, such as cellulose and cardboard, and in cellulose nets.
In their aromatic herb range, grown on part of the company's 2,800 hectares of farmland, they have also reduced the use of plastic by making blister packs lighter and opting for 100% R-PET packaging. The result is an overall saving of 14.5 tonnes of plastic a year.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
This course on managing behaviour and reducing the risk of exclusions is comprised of 4 videos:
Video 1: For Senior Leadership Teams
This presentation will describe the scale of the issue and shows the dramatic rise in both permanent and fixed term exclusions over the last 4 years. It focuses on the main reason for both permanent and fixed term exclusions: Persistent Disruptive Behaviour or PDB. It will outline both the challenges and also the opportunities for meeting the needs of students at risk by posing 3 key questions and supplying 3 key solutions. It will then introduce the SF3R model for behavioural intervention.
Video 2: For Teaching and Support Staff
This is a presentation for both teaching and support staff working with students at risk for both permanent and fixed term exclusion, particularly for PDB. It will demonstrate how the SF3R approach where Structure, Flexibility, Rapport, Relationships and Resilience can be applied in order to meet the learning, behaviour and socialisation needs of students who may be struggling in both the primary and secondary school setting. It will outline a sample of approaches and support strategies to deal with demanding, disruptive and defiant individuals and to de-escalate difficult situations.
Video 3: For Parents and Carers
This presentation will consider how parents can work in partnership with the school in terms of children at risk for fixed and permanent exclusions, particularly for PDB. It will provide some tips for supporting children with behavioural issues at home and will outline effective ways of communication with the school.
Video 4: For School Governors
This presentation will describe the scale of the issue and shows the dramatic rise in both permanent and fixed term exclusions over the last 4 years. It will consider some of the policies and procedures involved in the school exclusion process and will outline how the SF3R approach may well be an option to reduce the rate of exclusions particularly for PDB across the school. In order to balance out the risk, we will describe how resilience can also be an important factor in helping to support students and staff within the school community.
Exclusion is a process that is necessary on some occasions particularly in terms of the health and safety of individuals, damage to property and/or serious infringement of schools rules and procedures. PDB the main term that is used in the exclusion process has no standardized definition that appears to have been agreed upon. It is basically used to cover a spectrum of behaviours, from calling-out in class, annoying/distracting other students and general attention seeking. Permanent exclusions for PDB do not occur as a one-off incident as in other cases such as an assault on a member of staff or issues regarding drugs or weapons but rather as a culmination of a number of days of fixed term exclusions which would need to reach 45 days in any one academic year. Fixed term exclusions are usually between 1 to 5 days therefore for someone to be permanently excluded for PDB they would have multiple fixed term exclusions for PDB. In terms of attitude and policy regarding exclusion in the last 4 years there have been changes with regards to the advised responses to behaviours which fit within the PDB spectrum. This would include Zero tolerance approaches with regards to low level disruption and failure to follow school policies and procedures.
There are as result 3 main principles to be explored here.
- What exactly does the term PDB actually mean?
- Why do schools continue to issue multiple fixed term exclusions for PDB when this approach does not change the outcome and what could be done differently?
- What could be done to help teachers and schools to support students who exhibit PDB characteristics?
The term PDB by its present description of "a spectrum of behaviours, from calling-out in class, annoying/distracting other students and general attention seeking" would appear to fit many of the criteria of the term Attention Deficit Disorder ADHD and associated conditions including Oppositional Defiant Disorder ODD and Conduct Disorder CD. ADHD is a term that describes 3 main traits Impulsivity, Inattention and Hyperactivity and these traits can often lead to distractible, demanding, difficult and disruptive behaviour in a school setting if not identified and supported effectively. As one of the core traits of ADHD is Impulsivity this means that many actions or behaviours are not premeditated. As a result, sanctions would be unlikely to change the outcomes of negative choices made by the individual and this is why a repetitive punitive process such as multiple fixed term exclusions will not alter the outcome. Students with ADHD do respond effectively to the teaching and learning environment that can offer a structured and flexible approach to learning and behaviour.
I believe the following is therefore required:
- To consider whether the issues within the term PDB may in fact be undetected traits of ADHD and overlapping conditions including ODD and CD.
- To consider after the second Fixed term exclusion for PDB that the student excluded would take the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in order to ascertain whether point 1 was a significant factor
- Staff would thereafter require Training through the SF3R approach on how best to support this child in order to prevent further potential exclusions.
The SF3R approach is behaviour for learning training programme for individuals with ADHD and associated conditions with 5 major components.
- School leadership approach for building the habits for learning, behaviour and socialisation
- To create behaviour policies to reflect the current circumstances and to train the staff first
- Rules, Rituals and Routines for children and young person's being taught and not told
- To focus on Mood and Motivation
- A whole school acceptance and understanding Neurodiversity
- Alternative ways of supporting skills in learning, behaviour and socialisation
- Effective communication with children and young persons
- Practical strategies for dealing with frustration and defiance
- Feedback for students including rewards and consequences
- Developing effective staff to student and peer to peer relationships
- Dealing with bullying behaviour
- Working in Partnership between school and home
- Unleashing the Power of Resilience
- Preparing for Transitions
- Role modelling good practice


c:6)
And here are the same errors with --read-inline-info=yes:
==15377== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==15377== at 0x80484EA: fun_d (inlinfo.c:6)
==15377== by 0x80484EA: fun_c (inlinfo.c:14)
==15377== by 0x80484EA: fun_b (inlinfo.c:20)
==15377== by 0x80484EA: fun_a (inlinfo.c:26)
==15377== by 0x80484EA: main (inlinfo.c:33)
==15377==
==15377== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==15377== at 0x8048550: fun_d (inlinfo.c:6)
==15377== by 0x8048550: fun_noninline (inlinfo.c:41)
==15377== by 0x804850E: main (inlinfo.c:34)
==15377==
==15377== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==15377== at 0x8048520: fun_d (inlinfo.c:6)
==15377== by 0x8048520: main (inlinfo.c:35)
--read-var-info=<yes|no> [default: no]
When enabled, Valgrind will read information about variable types and locations from DWARF3 debug info. This slows Valgrind startup significantly and makes it use significantly more memory, but for the tools that can take advantage of it (Memcheck, Helgrind, DRD) it can result in more precise error messages. For example, here are some standard errors issued by Memcheck:
==15363== Uninitialised byte(s) found during client check request
==15363== at 0x80484A9: croak (varinfo1.c:28)
==15363== by 0x8048544: main (varinfo1.c:55)
==15363== Address 0x80497f7 is 7 bytes inside data symbol "global_i2"
==15363==
==15363== Uninitialised byte(s) found during client check request
==15363== at 0x80484A9: croak (varinfo1.c:28)
==15363== by 0x8048550: main (varinfo1.c:56)
==15363== Address 0xbea0d0cc is on thread 1's stack
==15363== in frame #1, created by main (varinfo1.c:45)
And here are the same errors with --read-var-info=yes:
==15370== Uninitialised byte(s) found during client check request
==15370== at 0x80484A9: croak (varinfo1.c:28)
==15370== by 0x8048544: main (varinfo1.c:55)
==15370== Location 0x80497f7 is 0 bytes inside global_i2[7],
==15370== a global variable declared at varinfo1.c:41
==15370==
==15370== Uninitialised byte(s) found during client check request
==15370== at 0x80484A9: croak (varinfo1.c:28)
==15370== by 0x8048550: main (varinfo1.c:56)
==15370== Location 0xbeb4a0cc is 0 bytes inside local var "local"
==15370== declared at varinfo1.c:46, in frame #1 of thread 1
--vgdb-poll=<number> [default: 5000]
As part of its main loop, the Valgrind scheduler will poll to check if some activity (such as an external command or some input from a gdb) has to be handled by gdbserver. This activity poll will be done after having run the given number of basic blocks (or slightly more than the given number of basic blocks). This poll is quite cheap so the default value is set relatively low. You might further decrease this value if vgdb cannot use ptrace system call to interrupt Valgrind if all threads are (most of the time) blocked in a system call.
--vgdb-shadow-registers=no|yes [default: no]
When activated, gdbserver will expose the Valgrind shadow registers to GDB. With this, the value of the Valgrind shadow registers can be examined or changed using GDB. Exposing shadow registers only works with GDB version 7.1 or later.
--vgdb-prefix=<prefix> [default: /tmp/vgdb-pipe]
To communicate with gdb/vgdb, the Valgrind gdbserver creates 3 files (2 named FIFOs and a mmap shared memory file). The prefix option controls the directory and prefix for the creation of these files.
--run-libc-freeres=<yes|no> [default: yes]
This option is only relevant when running Valgrind on Linux.
The GNU C library (libc.so), which is used by all programs, may allocate memory for its own uses. Usually it doesn't bother to free that memory when the program ends—there would be no point, since the Linux kernel reclaims all process resources when a process exits anyway, so it would just slow things down.
The glibc authors realised that this behaviour causes leak checkers, such as Valgrind, to falsely report leaks in glibc, when a leak check is done at exit. In order to avoid this, they provided a routine called __libc_freeres specifically to make glibc release all memory it has allocated. Memcheck therefore tries to run __libc_freeres at exit.
Unfortunately, in some very old versions of glibc, __libc_freeres is sufficiently buggy to cause segmentation faults. This was particularly noticeable on Red Hat 7.1. So this option is provided in order to inhibit the run of __libc_freeres. If your program seems to run fine on Valgrind, but segfaults at exit, you may find that --run-libc-freeres=no fixes that, although at the cost of possibly falsely reporting space leaks in libc.so.
--run-cxx-freeres=<yes|no> [default: yes]
This option is only relevant when running Valgrind on Linux or Solaris C++ programs.
The GNU Standard C++ library (libstdc++.so), which is used by all C++ programs compiled with g++, may allocate memory for its own uses. Usually it doesn't bother to free that memory when the program ends—there would be no point, since the kernel reclaims all process resources when a process exits anyway, so it would just slow things down.
The gcc authors realised that this behaviour causes leak checkers, such as Valgrind, to falsely report leaks in libstdc++, when a leak check is done at exit. In order to avoid this, they provided a routine called __gnu_cxx::__freeres specifically to make libstdc++ release all memory it has allocated. Memcheck therefore tries to run __gnu_cxx::__freeres at exit.
For the sake of flexibility and unforeseen problems with __gnu_cxx::__freeres, option --run-cxx-freeres=no exists, although at the cost of possibly falsely reporting space leaks in libstdc++.so.
--sim-hints=hint1,hint2,...
Pass miscellaneous hints to Valgrind which slightly modify the simulated behaviour in nonstandard or dangerous ways, possibly to help the simulation of strange features. By default no hints are enabled. Use with caution! Currently known hints are:
lax-ioctls: Be very lax about ioctl handling; the only assumption is that the size is correct. Doesn't require the full buffer to be initialised when writing. Without this, using some device drivers with a large number of strange ioctl commands becomes very tiresome.
fuse-compatible: Enable special handling for certain system calls that may block in a FUSE file-system. This may be necessary when running Valgrind on a multi-threaded program that uses one


text:
Network for Real Life Superheroes, Warriors, Protectors,
Saviors, to have a place to socialize, network, and also teach and learn from each other.
Bloodstain pattern analysis
|Subject: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:06 am|| |
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is one of several specialties in the field of forensic science. The use of bloodstains as evidence is not new; however, the application of modern science has brought it to a higher level. New technologies, especially advances in DNA analysis, are available for detectives and criminologists to use in solving crimes and apprehending offenders.
The science of bloodstain pattern analysis applies scientific knowledge from other fields to solve practical problems. Bloodstain pattern analysis draws on the scientific disciplines of biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics. If an analyst follows a scientific process, this applied science can produce strong, solid evidence, making it an effective tool for investigators.
Results of BPA
Not every result of BPA will qualify as incontrovertible evidence, but the following are some things a bloodstain pattern analyst may be able to determine conclusively and state as fact:
A basic understanding of blood spatter analysis allows first responding officers and investigators alike to assist in correctly collecting and preserving bloodstain data at the scene. If they know what they have at the scene, then based on their department policy they should know what they need to do next. Bloodstain pattern analysis requires sufficient education and training to be an effective investigative technique, which not all law enforcement officers attending a crime scene will necessarily have.
- Movement and direction of persons or objects while they were shedding blood.
- Position of persons or objects during bloodshed.
- Movement of persons or objects after bloodshed.
- The mechanism or object used to create a specific pattern.
- The direction a stain was traveling when it was deposited.
- The area of origin of an impact pattern.
- The minimum number of impacts during an incident.
- The sequence of events.
Bloodstain analysts receive specialized training. The foundation course in bloodstain pattern analysis is the Basic Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Course. This is taught at many government and private institutions. The course criteria were developed by the International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts (IABPA) with the following stated purpose:
Beyond this basic course are conferences, seminars, and courses such as the Maths and Physics for BPA and The Advance Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Course, both of which are provided by the Ontario Police College (OPC) and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). These two institutions also have Bloodstain Analyst Understudy programs. The International Association for Identification (IAI) provides its own certification in bloodstain pattern analysis.
A course of instruction designed for investigators, crime scene technicians, forensic technicians, and others involved in criminal and medical-legal investigations and crime scene analysis. The course is intended to develop a fundamental knowledge of the discipline of bloodstain pattern analysis. The course should illustrate to the student basic principals of bloodstain pattern analysis and the practical application of the discipline to actual casework. The course syllabus is not intended to create an "instant" expert.
In addition to formal study of the subject, practical experience and experimentation is paramount in the development of a skilled bloodstain pattern analyst.
|Subject: Re: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:13 am|| |
Bloodstain pattern categories
There are several different thoughts on how to classify and define bloodstain patterns. The following is one accepted way of categorizing them based on the mechanism that created the stain. The three stain groups are: Passive, Projected, and Transfer/Contact. The definitions used below are from the suggested IABPA terminology list:
Passive bloodstains are those stains created by the force of gravity.
- Passive Drops - Bloodstain drop(s) created or formed by the force of gravity acting alone.
- Drip Pattern - A bloodstain pattern which results from blood dripping into blood.
- Flow Pattern - A change in the shape and direction of a bloodstain due to the influence of gravity or movement of the object.
- Pool Pattern - A bloodstain pattern formed when a source of blood is stationary for a period of time.
A projected stain occurs when some form of energy has been transferred to a blood source.
- Low Velocity Impact Spatter (LVIS) - A bloodstain pattern that is caused by a low velocity impact\force to a blood source.
- Medium Velocity Impact Spatter (MVIS) - A bloodstain pattern caused by a medium velocity impact\force to a blood source. A beating typically causes this type of spatter.
- High Velocity Impact Spatter (HVIS) - A bloodstain pattern caused by a high velocity impact/force to a blood source such as that produced by gunshot or high-speed machinery.
- Cast-Off Pattern - A bloodstain pattern created when blood is released or thrown from a blood-bearing object in motion.
- Arterial Spurting (OR Gushing) Pattern - Bloodstain pattern(s) resulting from blood exiting the body under pressure from a breached artery.
- Back Spatter - Blood directed back towards the source of energy or force that caused the spatter.
- Expiratory Blood - Blood that is blown out of the nose, mouth, or a wound as a result of air pressure and/or air flow which is the propelling force.
A transfer or contact stain is produced when an object with blood comes in contact with an object or surface that does not have blood. It may be possible to discern the object that left the blood impression.
As indicated above, there are other terms currently used in BPA and different ways of classifying bloodstain patterns. For example there is a debate over the misnomer of the LVIS, MVIS, and HVIS as it relates to the physical term "velocity". A sub-committee of the SWGSTAIN has been tasked with addressing the terminology issues and develop a taxonomy for bloodstain patterns.
- Wipe Pattern - A bloodstain pattern created when an object moves through an existing stain, removing and/or altering its appearance.
- Swipe Pattern - The transfer of blood from a moving source onto an unstained surface. Direction of travel may be determined by the feathered edge.
|Subject: Re: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:16 am|| |
"Velocity" impact stains
Contrary to what the name states, the terms low-, medium-, and high-velocity impact spatter do not describe the velocity of the blood droplets as they fly through the air. The variation in the "velocity" is meant to describe the amount of energy transferred to a blood source in order to create the stains. Velocity is a speed (m/s) with a direction. Often the terms force and energy are quoted in conjunction with the unit ft/s or m/s which is incorrect. Force is related to velocity and mass (N or 1 kg ·m·s−2). Energy (work) is related to the force exerted on an object (J or N·m or kg·m2·s−2). As indicated above, there has been great debate over these terms and their definitions. Below is one method of differentiating low-, medium-, and high-velocity impact spatter. The term "impact" should not be confused with the mechanism by which the spatter was created. It actually refers to the blood impacting onto an object or area with some degree of force.
Low velocity impact spatter
Low velocity impact spatter (LVIS) is generally produced when objects traveling less than 1.5 m/s come in contact with a blood source. The preponderance of stains is generally larger than 8 mm in diameter.
Medium velocity impact spatter
Medium velocity impact spatter (MVIS) is generally produced when objects traveling between 1.5 m/s and 7.5 m/s come in contact with a blood source. The preponderance of stains is generally between 1.5 mm and 4 mm in diameter. Mechanisms that could produce this type of pattern include blunt force trauma or cutting/stabbing actions.
High velocity impact spatter
High velocity impact spatter (HVIS) is generally produced when objects traveling greater than 30 m/s come in contact with a blood source. The preponderance of stains is generally smaller than 1.5 mm in diameter. This pattern often has a mist-like appearance. High velocity patterns may be created by gunshots or explosives, but may also be caused by industrial machinery, coughing, or sneezing.
|Subject: Re: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:21 am|| |
Blood is a tissue that is circulated within the body to assist other parts of the body. This connective tissue has specialized cells that allow it to carry out its complex functions. For a healthy person, approximately 8% of their total weight is blood. For a 70-kg (154-lb.) individual, this equates to 5.6 L (12 US pints).
Blood contains three components suspended within plasma. The three components are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
- Erythrocytes - also known as red blood cells, are transporters. The role of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen. To do this it produces great quantities of hemoglobin, which gives it the distinct red color. Blood that has passed through the heart and been oxygenated (in the arteries) tends to have a brighter shade of red as opposed to blood that is returning to the


text:
Loyola MBA Requirements
Requirements for Loyola University's Quinlan School of Business
Admission requirements vary from one business school to another. Most recognized business schools, like Loyola University Chicago, have specific criteria. Maintaining the right balance of qualified students maximizes the overall learning experience. The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT), Graduate Record Examination (GRE), details of professional experience, and English language proficiency for international students are common prerequisites. Loyola asks for:
- Letters of recommendation: Requirements for Loyola's Quinlan School of Business include two letters of recommendation either from a professional or academic source. This sheds light on the applicant's professional or academic experience as accomplishments, work ethics, collaborative skills, and career goals are detailed.
- Resume: Work experience, awards, career growth, and goals provide valuable insight into an applicant's managerial and leadership capabilities and ambitions. Extracurricular and service activities show initiative and community involvement.
- Statement of Purpose: We are interested in knowing your motivation for wanting an MBA or specialty master's degree and why you have chosen our business school. We want to make sure your ethics, capabilities, standards, and vision are in line with our philosophy.
Meeting Requirements Takes Careful Preparation
MBA and specialty master's requirements are not just a mere formality. Top-ranking schools such as Quinlan screen every submission meticulously. The admission committee consists of experienced reviewers who are looking for students that are serious about advancing their careers. The following are steps you should take when planning to submit an application for admission:
- List out all the requirements (GMAT or GRE, application form, personal essay, recommendations, transcripts, etc.) so that you don't miss anything.
- Prepare for the GMAT or GRE, the higher your scores, the better your chances of acceptance.
- Write a compelling Statement of Purpose highlighting your professional interests, accomplishments, career plans, and learning goals.
- Get letters of recommendation from people who know you well as they will be able to provide all the important details about your achievements and character.
- Submit your application on time. Punctuality and respect for deadlines are important parts of any management and leadership position.


text:
Mold needs two things to survive and spread: moisture and food. Because it's susceptible to moisture, traditional paper-faced drywall is mold's favorite sandwich, with two outer faces of paper as the bread and the gypsum stuck in the middle as baloney. Gypsum is a mineral, and though mold cannot digest it, the cellulose in the paper can be degraded by some molds. The drywall paper is like bread in another way: the paper contains up to one percent starch, another nutrient for mold.
A great alternative to traditional, paper-faced drywall is Georgia-Pacific's DensArmor® Plus, a relatively new type of drywall in which the paper faces have been replaced by thin, fiberglass mats. It's moisture-resistant, and because fiberglass, like gypsum, is a mineral, there are no nutrients on which the mold can grow.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Pathfinder Reference Document
Pathfinder Reference Document
School divination (scrying); Level bard 3, cleric 5, druid 4, sorcerer/wizard 4
Casting Time 1 hour
Components V, S, M/DF (a pool of water), F (a silver mirror worth 1,000 gp)
Range see text
Effect magical sensor
Duration 1 min./level
Saving Throw Will negates; Spell Resistance yes
You can observe a creature at any distance. If the subject succeeds on a Will save, the spell fails. The difficulty of the save depends on how well your knowledge of the subject and what sort of physical connection (if any) you have to that creature. Furthermore, if the subject is on another plane, it gets a +5 bonus on its Will save.
KnowledgeWill Save Modifier
Secondhand (you have heard of the subject)+5
Firsthand (you have met the subject)+0
Familiar (you know the subject well)–5
ConnectionWill Save Modifier
Likeness or picture–2
Possession or garment–4
As with all divination (scrying) spells, the sensor has your full visual acuity, including any magical effects. In addition, the following spells have a 5% chance per caster level of operating through the sensor: detect chaos, detect evil, detect good, detect law, detect magic, and message.
If the save succeeds, you can't attempt to scry on that subject again for at least 24 hours.
Scrying, Greater
School divination (scrying); Level bard 6, cleric 7, druid 7, sorcerer/wizard 7
Casting Time 1 standard action
Components V, S
Duration 1 hour/level
This spell functions like scrying, except as noted above. Additionally, all of the following spells function reliably through the sensor: detect chaos, detect evil, detect good, detect law, detect magic, message, read magic, and tongues.


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About the Environmental Planning
More information about the Environmental Planning Office's various functions.
Landuse Planning and Review
This program coordinates departmental evaluations for proposed developments and projects in Hawaii.
Downloadable standard comments are available to better prepare
environmental impact statements and assessments.
Environmental Health Management Report
In line with the Department of Health Strategic Plan, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Office of
Environmental Quality Control requirements, the Environmental Planning Office compiles the 'Environmental Health Management Report' each year.
Environmental Geographic Information System
The EGIS is a computerized database system used for environmental
planning, data analysis, and the creation of maps and reports. This
program provides services to the Environmental Health Administration
(EHA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EGIS is instrumental in the creation of GIS data layers from
environmental monitoring results.
The Environmental Planning Office supports efforts toward Environmental Justice (EJ), in line with the DOH Strategic Plan
first Foundation of Health Equity and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Plan.


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Difference Between Flours
The difference between plain and self-raising flour
Have you ever thought what is the difference between plain flour and self-raising flour?
As flour is an integral part of the baking process, we think it is very important to get right.
Plain flour, also known as all-purpose flour, has about 75% of the wheat grain, with most of the bran and wheat germ taken out. Commonly used for cakes, pastries and biscuits. This can also be accompanied with a rising agent, like baking powder and bicarbonate of soda to help with the rising process.
Self-raising flour however has a rising agent, and can contain salt, which has already been added. Whereas the plain requires these rising agents to added separately to make the cakes rise.
So, can you switch plain flour for self-raising flour within a recipe?
Unfortunately, you should not really switch the two, as it is important to remember that these two different ingredients are not interchangeable and you should use the flour the recipe states.
How much raising agent is actually in self-raising flour?
As self-raising flour is still just plain flour which had had the rising agents added to it, the amount of rising agent is the same as half a teaspoon of baking powder per 100g of plain flour.
We use self-raising flour within our cake just to ensure that each cake mix contains the perfect mix of flour and rising agents. To make sure that all Sponges rise perfectly! Our self-raising wheat flour contains sodium bicarbonate in order for the Sponges to rise!
We need all our sponges to contain the same quantity of rising agents, for them to rise the right amount. This is why we use self-raising flour that already has the rising agents within the flour, for it to remain consistent.
Gluten Free Flours
To make our extraordinary Gluten Free Sponge Cakes we use special Gluten Free Self-raising flour, which is made out of rice, potato, tapioca, maize and buckwheat. For our Gluten Free Sponges, we use self-raising flour as well to ensure that they rise as well as our regular sponges.
We use high quality self-raising flour within all of our cakes to ensure they cook to our high standards. As well as all British ingredients, and supporting other British companies.
As for our Vegan Sponges we use the same Self raising flour as for our normal sponge cake recipes but using soya the plant based milk.
What's the difference between flour and corn flour?
All-purpose flour (or plain flour) has a slightly finer texture than corn flour. Corn flour can be coarser, and it behaves differently than all-purpose flour, as it is more absorbent. You can use corn flour in baking (it could be a great alternative for a gluten free bake, as it's naturally gluten-free), but you need to approach it with some knowledge about how it works. You'll need to increase the amount of liquid in a recipe, such as milk or water, to compensate for the absorbency. This will help reduce the risk that your baked item will be dry or dense.
Another pro for cornflour is that it's lighter and sweeter, so it provides a different flavour profile and texture to all-purpose flour. So, it could be one to consider when you're looking for an alternative flour.
What's the difference between cornstarch and corn flour?
So, let's start with the obvious, most people don't really know the difference between the two because they both do derive from corn. The key differences are in their nutrient profiles and uses. Cornstarch (as in its name) is a 'starchy' gluten free flour, whereas corn flour is a 'protein' gluten free flour.
Typically, cornstarch is a very fine white powder, that has a chalky appearance, and is more often used as a thickening agent to thicken sauces like roux's and custard. It's obtained by extracting the starch from the endosperm of the corn kernel.
Corn flour, however, is made using the entirety of dried corn kernels, and they are processed into a fine powder. It contains fibre, protein, and a small amount of fat, as well as the starch. This can be used for a variety of cooking recipes, and as mentioned above can be used as a gluten-free alternative to other standard flours.
Check the date!
Make sure when you are baking yourself at home, that you check the expiration date of the flour which you are using especially when you are using self-raising flour. If your self-raising flour is out of date then your sponge may not rise properly! As it is know that plain flour has a generally longer self-life than self raising flour, due to the fact it does not have rising agents which expire.
We get through so much self-raising flour, there is not an issue with making sure that we use it up in time, therefore we prefer to use self-raising flour.


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Abel Tasman Eco Tours are advocates for environmental protection, we believe that we have a responsibility to care for and protect the environment in which we operate. We are fully committed to improving environmental performance across all of our business activities, and will encourage our business partners and members of the wider community to join us in this effort.
Environmental Protection Policy
Abel Tasman Eco Tours recognises our key impacts to be in the areas of use of fossil fuels and associated emissions, waste generation, water use, use of mechanical lubricants, disturbance to wildlife through vehicle operation.
We will strive to:
Adopt the highest environmental standards in all areas of operation, meeting and exceeding all relevant legislative requirements.
Assess our organisational activities and identify areas where we can minimise impacts.
Minimise waste through careful and efficient use of all materials and energy.
Purchase sustainable products wherever feasible [e.g. recycled, FSC or low environmental impact products and energy from renewable sources].
Publicise our environmental position.
Train employees in good environmental practice and encourage employee involvement in environmental action.
Reduce risks from environmental, health or safety hazards for employees and others in the vicinity of our operations.
Adopt an environmentally sound transport strategy.
Assist in developing solutions to environmental problems.
Continually assess the environmental impact of all our operations.
Adopt the seven principles of 'leave no trace' and run through these at the start of day briefing.
Abel Tasman Eco Tours have developed a series of action plans to supplement each of our environmental policy objectives. Abel Tasman Eco Tours will periodically review performance and publish these results on our website.
Environmental Protection Outcomes
To fulfill our environmental protection strategy, Abel Tasman Eco Tours has achieved:
Formation of a native tree restoration scheme – Abel Tasman Tree Collective, enabling local operators to collect funds from visitors in order to plant native trees in the Abel Tasman region. 100 volunteers appeared at our first planting day in Marahau, putting 2000 trees in the ground. We also funded the renovation of the DoC Community Nursery in our first year.
Tasman Bay Guardians becomes a Charitable Trust, acting as a provider organisation for Experiencing Marine Reservces and Whitebait Connection educational programmes, co-ordinating Abel Tasman Tree Collective and working through our strategy on conservation gains for the marine space in Tasman Bay.
Abel Tasman Eco Tours is proud to be certified a Climate Positive Business with Ekos. We have measured and offset 134% of our carbon footprint for the 2021 financial year with certified carbon credits. These offsets grow and protect forests in New Zealand and help to deliver climate resilience, waterways protection, erosion control, biodiversity conservation and community economic development.
Offer free passage to any staff from other companies in the Park who wish to enhance their environmental interpretation skills.
Adopting the principles of the 'leave no trace' policy and communication these to clients at the start of the day.
Removing any foreign objects from the environment if safe to do so, we carry a landing net on board the vessel for this purpose. If unsafe or unfeasible, we report these objects to DoC or the TDC Harbourmaster.
Adopting a custodial role over our Marine Reserve and reporting any misconduct within to DoC. Developing our own marine mammal watching protocols and attending the DoC SMART Operator training course. We are the Park's first certified SMART Operator.
Using the most economical marine outboard on the market and full servicing of all of our vehicles to ensure maximum efficiency and cleanliness, and researching the viability of alternative clean energies.
Specifying conservative use of vehicle operation in our Standard Operating procedures to minimise fuel usage and impact on the environment and wildlife.
Only using 'Marine Safe' lithium grease conservatively to avoid waste and overspill into the environment. Using EcoFix lubricant on all our gear.
Our Carbon Output Calculation
At Abel Tasman Eco tours, we take our environment footprint very seriously. We endeavour to be sustainable with all our activities. We have calculated the total and average Carbon Dioxide output per person per trip. The carbon output per person will depend on the number of passengers on that particular day, so we have taken an average fiture, and based our carbon offset on that, as we tend to have a few very quiet trips in the winter, and lots of busier trips in the summer.
Average Fuel consumption Per Passenger 5.9 litres and Total Boat Trip 38.0 litres
2.4 Kilos CO2 per litre of petrol per passenger and Total Boat Trip
Average Kilos CO2 Output - 14.2 per Passenger and 90.9 per Total Boat Trip
How many Trees do I need to plant per 1kg of CO2 emitted?
This is a tough question! CO2 sequestion is measured per hectare as Tonnes per CO2 Equivalent (tCO2e), and changes depending on the tree species, the level of maintenance, and the time period. With this in mind, taking an average of 900 treees per hectare over a period of 6 years the estimated total Carbon Dioxide sequested is 69.9 kgs per tree. This number will increase incrementally over the trees life which could be hundreds of years.
The estimated price of a native tree, raised, planted and maintained for 6 years is $4.00
$1 from you ticket goes directly to planting a native tree.
Abel Tasman Eco Tours supports the Abel Tasman Tree Collective where the trees are planted not just for sequestion, but for habitat restoration, water filtration, native fish spawning habitat, education and action project for school kids.
Every $1 received for any of our chosen causes ticks a multitude of areas to help our environment, ecology & community
The seven principles of 'leave no trace'
Plan Ahead and Prepare
By having an active safety & environmental policy, we can safely guide clients through a pristine environment, taking all care to minimise disturbance to wildlife and habitat through excellent communication and etiquette.
Travel on Durable Ground
Only use formed walking tracks and access ways, taking care to avoid damage to tree roots and vulnerable soft vegetation.
Dispose of Waste Properly
All rubbish comes out of the Park with us and no rubbish to be thrown overboard in any circumstance.
Leave What You Find
Beautiful things such as shells, feathers, seaweeds and artifacts are cool to find, and we must leave them for the discovery and learning of others. Small children may take one shell each for their learning, but they must find out the name of that shell.
Minimise the Effect of Fire
We operate a no smoking policy on all our trips, this is for the comfort of other clients and to minimise the risk of fire in the bush.
Respect Wildlife and Farm Animals
We operate under a strict code of conduct, not only around marine mammals but with respect for all wildlife. Maintain a respectful distance (unless initiated by the animal), no loud noises, no feeding, no touching (apart from the guide in rock pools*).
*Rock pool animals are tolerant to disturbance due to the nature of their habitat.
Be Considerate of Others
Always consider other users needs both directly, such as, staying calm and silent, and also by applying the previous six principles and leading by example.


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How Coronary Angiography Is Used
Clinical Determinants of Appropriateness
This Note uses ratings of appropriateness derived from an expert physician panel to measure how appropriately physicians in 1981 performed coronary angiography in a randomly selected, community-based sample of cases in the Medicare population. The authors studied three large geographic areas in three states, representing regions of high and low use. The high-use site had fewer procedures classified as appropriate (72 percent) than either low-use site (77 percent and 81 percent). Over all sites, 17 percent of procedures were classified as inappropriate. Patients in the high-use site were older, had less severe angina, and were less intensively medically treated than patients in either of the low-use sites. Patients without angina who had not undergone exercise testing constituted the most common subgroup of inappropriate cases. Although overall differences in appropriateness were not large, practice differences do exist. The analysis of practice differences among study sites provides the clinical basis for understanding the small, but significant, differences in the appropriateness of use of coronary angiography. The finding of 17 percent inappropriate use may be cause for concern.


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Digits In A Box
Object: take it apart and put back together
Difficulty: Level 8 - Demanding
Brand: Popular Playthings
Types: Plastic Interlocking Puzzles, Eric Harshbarger
Maker: Popular Playthings
Inventor: Eric Harshbarger
This is not your everyday "fit the pieces back in the box" puzzle, but those who have the stamina to persevere will be consoled to know that the number of possible configurations has been calculated as 4,239! Digits in the Box is a unique puzzle that requires players to fit each of ten geometric shapes into a cube container. These shapes are 3-D representations of the numbers 0 through 9. Unlike the three-dimensional pieces in most box puzzles, these digits lie flat. The pieces can be turned and fitted together to form a cube that fits snugly in the plastic box. No solution is included, but you may find yourself wishing to see one.


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What is the Goldman Fristoe Articulation Test?
The Goldman Fristoe Articulation Test is widely used by speech pathologists throughout the United States as a tool to assess children's speech development. Developed by Dr. Ronald Goldman and Dr. Macalyne Fristoe, this test can assess and yield information about a child's progress, ability, and other measures of speech production. It can be administered on infants and youth of all ages (until age 21) with the ability to compare the child's individual status against national standardized norms. Goldman and Fristoe both have significant experience in speech pathology, and have created this test out of their own need to help their clients. When researching this test, you may find that there is now a second edition available. This edition includes tables of standardized norms, as well as updated pictures that are void of cultural bias.
Sampling a child's spontaneous and imitative sound production helps to build a clear picture of their strengths and weaknesses. This test can be easily administered in less than 15 minutes using picture cards and consonant sounds. This short test can create a clear trusted picture for speech language pathologists.
Gender-Based Speech Therapy
Different stages and areas of speech can be tested in accordance with the child's age and gender. Many relationship studies have suggested that the male and female sex communicate differently, and this starts the moment we begin to learn language. Women learn language abstractly while men learn based on sensory cues.
It can be explained best with the cliché related to men and women's style of directions. Women will give directions with abstract and additional cues, "go one block north and turn right after you pass the bakery." Men will give directions in a simpler manner without abstract cues or landmarks, "go north on Willow and turn right on Ash."
Because of the differences in male and female language processing, different instruction will benefit one sex, but not the other. Boys may benefit from lecture and reading, while girls are more apt to learn with more abstract approaches, and information-laden learning. The importance of gender differentiated results is something that the Goldman Fristoe standardized test results takes into account. It is vital to know the differences in learning so that any therapy given is most successful to the child.
Chicago Speech Therapy Can Help
Perhaps your child is showing difficulty mimicking the sounds you make, or producing ones of their own. If you have any questions on your child's language progress, have a speech pathologist conduct this short test. This quick test can provide lots of information about your child's language assessment, and help you to decide whether or not to enter into therapy.
If you are concerned with your child's speech or language development, please contact Chicago Speech Therapy by calling _PHONE_ or by clicking on the "Contact Karen" button on the upper right section of this page.
Karen George is a Chicago speech-language pathologist. The practice she founded, Chicago Speech Therapy, LLC, provides in-home pediatric speech therapy in Chicago and surrounding suburbs. Karen and her team of Chicago speech therapists have a reputation for ultra-effective speech therapy and work with a variety of speech disorders. Karen is the author of several books such as A Parent's Guide to Speech and Language Milestones, A Parent's Guide to Articulation, A Parent's Guide to Speech Delay, A Parent's Guide to Stuttering Therapy, and A Parent's Guide to Pediatric Feeding Therapy. She is often asked to speak and has addressed audiences at top Children's Hospitals and Northwestern University. Karen is highly referred by many Chicago-area Pediatricians and elite schools.


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Mossi Political Art: Royal Figures for the Ruling Elite
By Christopher D. Roy
Professor of Art History
The University of Iowa
The Mossi states were founded over five hundred years ago' when a group of horsemen from what is now northern Ghana rode into the basin of the White Volta River and imposed their political authority over the acephalous agriculturalist groups who originally occupied the land.2 The invading horsemen and their descendants, who held all political power in traditional Mossi society before the arrival of the French, and still have considerable power at the village level, are called Nakomse ("children of the nam," the nam being the right and power to rule).3 The diverse groups that were subjugated by the Nakomsé are called Tengabisi ("children of the earth"). The large group of Tengabisi may be further broken down into the blacksmith clans (Saya, sing. Saaba) and the clans of farmers who are collectively called Nyonyosé ("the old ones"), without regard for the ethnic group to which they originally belonged. Mossi society as it has existed since the arrival of the horsemen from Dagomba, is an amalgamation of the descendants of the Nakomsé, who hold all political power, and of the descendants of the conquered Tengabisi, who, by right of first ownership of the land, exercise all authority over the use of the land and are responsible for the propitiation of the earth deity Tenga, through the offices of the earth priest, the Tengsoba.
The Nakomsé and Tengabisi both complement and conflict with each other. The Nakomsé maintain order in the community and intervene with their powerful ancestors for the benefit of the community, while the Tengabisi propitiate the spirits that permeate the environment and manipulate the forces of nature, the elements, for the common good. Both groups are aware of the "stranger" status of the Nakomsé, and the Tengabisi express resentment about the power the Nakomsé hold as a result of their centralized political and military organization. At the same time the Nakomsé fear the magical ability of the Tengabisi to turn the forces of nature against their enemies. The use of sculpture parallels the division of Mossi society into these two strata: masks are used exclusively by the descendants of the subjugated groups, and figures are used by the Nakomse as symbols of political power. The chiefs and their relatives who use the figures never attend the Tengabisi funerals at which masks appear, and the Tengabisi rarely participate in the celebrations in front of the chief's dwelling in which figures are used. In this article I will describe three types of Mossi chiefs' figures, in both wood and brass, how these figures are used, and the functions they serve in the traditional political system.
Mossi figures are monoxylous, ranging in height from 40 to 100 centimeters. The majority of human figures are female. The most notable characteristics are the tall, central ridge running from the front to the back of the head, representing the female coiffure calledgyonfti, an attenuated, cylindrical torso, arms extended rigidly at the sides with forearms parallel to the thighs, pendulous breasts, prominent umbilicus, and incised facial and ventral scars that imitate the scars traditionally worn by Mossi women. The face may be slightly concave in profile. The sex may be clearly indicated. It is important to remember that not all Mossi figures are female, and so may lack the sagittal crest that is too often used as the sole basis for attribution to the Mossi. Very few figures display all of the characteristics I have described.
The examples illustrated (Figs. 2-4) include some of these characteristics. The figure in the Stanley collection has the flattened face, semicircular head, with a small lobe of the hairstyle echoing the shape of the head, and the sagittal crest that are typical of the Mossi style (Fig. 3). The piece in the Whipple collection has a heavy, projecting brow, curved shoulders, and hands held palms forward rather than against the thighs (Fig. 4). The figure in a St. Louis collection is quite similar to the Whipple piece, with palms held forward, and with similar chest and belly scars (Fig. 2). It bears the vertical parallel lines between ear and eye, "cat's whiskers" at the corners of the mouth, and horizontal lines at the corners of the eyes; in combination, these markings are distinctly Mossi.
While all of these examples conform to the conventions of the Mossi style in some ways, they are also quite different from each other, illustrating the extreme diversity of individual artists' styles that is so evident in Mossi figures. This diversity has led to many problems of attribution of objects in public and private collections outside Africa. Mossi figures are sometimes ascribed to other groups in Burkina FAso, especially the Bobo, while the sculpture of groups across the Western Sudan is sometimes erroneously ascribed to the Mossi. The variety of carving styles may be the result of any number of factors. Artists in each of several geographical areas of Mossi country have been influenced by the styles of the groups that originally lived in the area: an artist working in the northwestern Yatenga area may carve figures similar to those carved by the original Dogon inhabitants of the region, while an artist working in the southwestern Ouagadougou area may carve figures that have been influenced by the sculptural style of the original Gurunsi inhabitants of that region. This has led to the extreme diversity of Mossi mask styles described in my dissertation (Roy 1979) and in several papers I have presented since 1977. In addition, each Mossi artist may produce only one or two chiefs' figures during his lifetime for one or two traditional chiefs in his region. A group of figures in the ancestral spirit house of a single Mossi chief may represent the work of several different carvers working over a period of decades for several generations of chiefs in one community. Because an artist who has been asked to carve a figure for a chief need only satisfy the demands and requirements of a single client, unusual objects result, such as the figure of a soccer player (Figs. 12, 13). Finally, although chiefs' figures are placed on view in the community once a year, they are far more private works of art than are the wooden masks, which are used by a different segment of the Mossi population. While the masks travel from one community to another to perform at funerals of clan members who have left their home villages, resulting in stylistic influences that extend over a broad geographical area, chiefs' figures never leave the compound of their owner and are seen only by the local population and by one or two artists living near by.
Figures in collections outside Africa are unclothed. When exposed to public view in Nakomsé year-end ancestral sacrifices, they invariably wear a small cloth wrapper that covers the lower portion of the body and the thighs in imitation of traditional female dress (Figs. 12,13). The head may be wrapped in a cloth tie, and cheap earrings and strands of beads are usually added. The same rules of modesty that respectable Mossi women follow apply to the wooden figures. It is considered a breach of etiquette to cover the breasts in the presence of a chief or an important clan elder, but when a European appears, an older woman may discreetly cover the breasts of the figure with a bit of the cloth wrapper, as women do on visits to large urban areas like Ouagadougou.
Although male Mossi figures are rare outside Africa, they are not unknown. There is a male-female pair in the collection of Katherine White (Fagg 1968, nos. 40, 41). The recently carved male soccer player belongs to the Nakomsé chief of La Titon (Figs. 12, 13). There are also a number of male figures, including a tall example in the collection of Paul and Ruth Tishman, that once belonged to pairs at the entrances to chiefs' compounds.
Less well known outside Burkina Faso, but apparently more numerous in Mossi country than human figures, are wooden carvings of animals (Fig. 9). There is a well-carved figure of a hornbill in the Museé National in Ouagadougou (Fig. 8). In the Yako region the most frequently carved animals are the ram and the guinea hen, both commonly associated with the Nakomsé and frequently used as offerings to the royal ancestors.
All of the figures I have described are freestanding and easily portable. A second type, also of wood, is made as part of a short post to be placed in the ground at each side of a doorway, where it holds the straw-mat door against the side of the building (Figs. 10, 11). These posts appear in pairs that are usually recognizably male and female. Finally, the Mossi produce figures cast in brass that represent deceased Mossi emperors, or Mogho Naba. These are carefully guarded in a small village several kilometers northeast of Ouagadougou. All Mossi figures, regardless of size, sex, function, or material, are called ninande (sing. ninana), which simply means "modeled figures."
The earliest published mention of Mossi figures is provided by the French ethnographer Ruelle, who notes, "Men carve wooden figures representing people or animals" (1904:683). Louis Tauxier states that "images of div


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Rhetoric, the art of persuasive communication, has been employed by eloquent speakers and influential writers throughout history. To captivate and sway their audience, they often employ various rhetorical devices. In this article, we will delve into the remarkable rhetorical device of Adnexio, understanding its purpose and exploring its impact on effective communication.
Adnexio, derived from the Latin word "adnexiō," meaning "to join," is a powerful rhetorical device that involves connecting two ideas or concepts to emphasize a particular point or create a memorable impact. This technique allows speakers or writers to build a stronger argument, evoke emotions, or engage their audience in a more profound manner.
Adnexio, as a rhetorical device, holds immense power in various aspects of communication. Its ability to juxtapose ideas or concepts can create a lasting impression on the audience and enhance the overall persuasiveness of the message. Let's explore some examples to understand the impact of Adnexio in different contexts:
Political speeches often employ Adnexio to highlight the contrast between different political ideologies or approaches. Consider the famous quote by John F. Kennedy: "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." By connecting the two contrasting ideas of individual responsibility and national duty, Kennedy effectively engaged the audience and inspired a sense of collective responsibility.
In the realm of advertising, the use of Adnexio can be seen in numerous successful campaigns. One notable example is Nike's slogan: "Just Do It." By merging the idea of simplicity ("Just") with the imperative to take action ("Do It"), Nike motivates its audience to overcome obstacles and pursue their goals confidently.
Adnexio is also a favored device in literature and poetry, enabling writers to create vivid imagery and evoke emotions through the contrast of two seemingly unrelated elements. William Shakespeare masterfully employed Adnexio in his play Romeo and Juliet when Juliet proclaimed, "My only love, sprung from my only hate!" This line juxtaposes the concepts of love and hate, emphasizing the forbidden nature of their relationship and the tragic consequences that follow.
Public speakers often utilize Adnexio to make their message more memorable and impactful. One example is the famous speech by Martin Luther King Jr., where he stated, "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character." By joining the contrasting ideas of racial discrimination and character evaluation, King effectively conveyed his vision for equality and justice.
While Adnexio is a potent rhetorical device, it must be used judiciously to achieve its desired effect. Here are some tips to effectively implement Adnexio in your communication:
In conclusion, Adnexio is a remarkable rhetorical device that enables speakers and writers to connect contrasting ideas, creating a lasting impact on their audience. From political speeches to advertising campaigns, literature to public speaking, Adnexio's influence is pervasive. By mastering the art of Adnexio and employing it thoughtfully, communicators can enhance their persuasive abilities and effectively engage their listeners or readers. So, next time you aim to captivate your audience, remember the power of Adnexio and let it elevate your communication to new heights.
Paraphrasing is a natural part of the writing process as it helps you clarify your thinking and suit your words to your audience. Using a Paraphrase Tool helps structure and streamline this work, and our paraphrase tool offers 20 modes, many of them free, for accomplishing just this. The 20 modes we offer are diverse, including a summarize tool, a free grammar checker, a mode to simplify text, and a sentence shortener. There are sentence rephrasers and paraphrase rephrase tools, and we pride ourselves on having both, since our reword generator accounts for context at both the sentence and paragraph levels.
When you google paraphrase you will get a variety of results, from a free Paraphrase Tool, to an article spinner, to a general phrase tool, and it can be hard to determine which of these rephrase tools will best help you complete your work. If you simply need to get a word rephrase, that is, reword only small elements within the sentence, many tools will suffice, but there is the risk that you end up with a tool that does not consider context and produces very awkward and ungrammatical sentences. Rephrasing is very much an art, and we've built our paraphrase bot to produce the most correct results in 20 modes in over 100 languages, making it the best paraphrasing tool at an exceptionally low cost. So whether you need to paraphrase deutsch, paraphrase greek, or paraphrase bahasa melayu, the next time you think, I need something to paraphrase this for me, you'll know where to turn.
Generating paragraphs with unique ideas can be challenging, and too often writers get stuck at this stage of the writing process. With our paragraph tool, you can enter keywords and let our AI generate paragraphs for you, so that you can have something to work with, refine the output, and become more engaged in your writing.
A paragraph generator creates links between your ideas, such that the output is sensible, unique, and stimulating, very close to what you would expect a thoughtful human paragraph writer to produce.
Paragraph makers are nice, but what about a short story generator? Because our AI is generalized, it serves a story generator, an essay generator, a poem generator, and much more. To generate compelling stories, you should provide the story generator with useful keywords from which it can develop plot elements, including characters, setting details, and any situational information. To generate reasonably good essays, you should likewise provide the essay maker with details around argumentative positions and any other pertinent ideas. If you more specifically want an introduction paragraph generator or conclusion paragraph generator, you can provide starter text and keywords that will best enable our essay creator to produce them.
You may well ask, "is this essay generator free?" Everything on this site is free within a 3-day trial, so you can test and develop confidence in our products. You may also be wondering where this is an essay automatic writer or if it will take a while to get results. All results appear within a matter of seconds, so you can move through your work as quickly as possible.
You may have professional needs for creating paragraphs as well, such as those needed for cover letter. Most of the time a cover letter template includes information that is not relevant to you; by using your own keywords, we can produce cover letter examples that are relevant to your use case and often require very little editing. By using this service, you can also learn how to write a cover letter and achieve the cover letter format you need.
Like everything else on our site, you can check plagiarism free within a trial, which is a great opportunity for those who want to check a paper for plagiarism without committing to paying before they see results. This free plagiarism checker is great for students and clearly indicates how to check for plagiarism by highlighting areas of similarity between the two texts. Just to be sure you are not accidentally plagiarizing, be sure to check all of your paraphrases as well.


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TN020: ID Naming and Numbering Conventions
This note describes the ID naming and numbering conventions that MFC 2.0 uses for resources, commands, strings, controls, and child windows.
The MFC ID naming and numbering conventions are intended to meet the following requirements:
 - Provide a consistent ID-naming standard used across the MFC library and MFC applications that are supported by the Visual C++ resource editor. This makes it easier for the programmer to interpret the type and origin of a resource from its ID.
 - Emphasize the strong 1-to-1 relationship between certain types of IDs.
 - Conform to already widely used standards for naming IDs in Windows.
 - Partition the ID-numbering space. ID numbers can be assigned by the programmer, MFC, Windows, and Visual C++-edited resources. Appropriate partitioning will help avoid duplication of ID numbers.
Several types of IDs can occur in an application. The MFC ID-naming convention defines different prefixes for different resource types.
MFC uses the prefix "IDR_" to indicate a resource ID that applies to multiple resource types. For example, for a given frame window, MFC uses the same "IDR_" prefix to indicate a menu, accelerator, string and icon resource. The following table shows the various prefixes and their usage:
For multiple resource types (primarily used for menus and accelerators).
For dialog template resources (for example, IDD_DIALOG1).
For cursor resources.
For icon resources.
For bitmap resources.
For string resources.
Within a DIALOG resource, MFC follows these conventions:
Prefix or label
For standard push button IDs.
For other dialog controls.
The "IDC_" prefix is also used for cursors. This naming conflict is not usually a problem because a typical application will have few cursors and many dialog controls.
Within a menu resource, MFC follows these conventions:
For menu items that do not use the MFC command architecture.
For menu commands that use the MFC command architecture.
Commands that follow the MFC command architecture must have an ON_COMMAND command handler and can have an ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI handler. If these command handlers follow the MFC command architecture, they will function correctly whether they are bound to a menu command, a toolbar button, or a dialog bar button. The same "ID_" prefix is also used for a menu prompt string that is displayed on the program's message bar. Most of the menu items in your application should follow the MFC command conventions. All of the standard command IDs (for example, ID_FILE_NEW) follow this convention.
MFC also uses "IDP_" as a specialized form of strings (instead of "IDS_"). Strings with the "IDP_" prefix are prompts, that is, strings used in message boxes. "IDP_" strings can contain "%1" and "%2" as placeholders of strings determined by the program. "IDP_" strings usually have help topics associated with them, and "IDS_" strings do not. "IDP_" strings are always localized, and "IDS_" strings might not be localized.
The MFC library also uses the "IDW_" prefix as a specialized form of control IDs (instead of "IDC_"). These IDs are assigned to child windows such as views and splitters by the framework classes. MFC implementation IDs are prefixed with "AFX_".
The following table lists the valid ranges for the IDs of the specific types. Some of the limits are technical implementation limits, and others are conventions that are designed to prevent your IDs from colliding with Windows predefined IDs or MFC default implementations.
We strongly recommend that you define all IDs inside the recommended ranges. The lower limit of these ranges is 1 because 0 is not used. We recommend that you use the common convention and use 100 or 101 as the first ID.
Resource type
Valid range
1 through 0x6FFF
dialog templates
1 through 0x6FFF
cursors, icons, bitmaps
1 through 0x6FFF
general strings
1 through 0x7FFF
0x8000 through 0xDFFF
8 through 0xDFFF
Reasons for these range limits:
 - By convention, the ID value of 0 is not used.
 - Windows implementation limitations restrict true resource IDs to be less than or equal to 0x7FFF.
 - MFC's internal framework reserve ranges 0x7000 through 0x7FFF (see afxres.h) and 0xE000 through 0xEFFF (see afxres.h). Visual C++ 2008 Feature Pack and later also reserves the range 16000 through 18000 (see afxribbonres.h). These ranges may change in future MFC implementations.
 - Several Windows system commands use the range of 0xF000 through 0xFFFF.
 - Control IDs of 1 through 7 are reserved for standard controls such as IDOK and IDCANCEL.
 - The range of 0x8000 through 0xFFFF for strings is reserved for menu prompts for commands.
Community Additions
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Step 4: Select metrics
Identify data and methods to quantify indicators
Discuss how the innovation will be implemented, who will collect the data, whether expertise is available to collect and estimate the indicators, and whether the budget is sufficient to collect and estimate the suite of indicators. If there are gaps in expertise and funding, then provisions should be made to fill these gaps or address them within the current team and budget. The process is documented to ensure that there is justification about why an indicator was not included.
Please note that during this step, it also is useful to determine how indicator baselines and targets will be set.
Use this worksheet to help you plan your data collection.
You can signup for an account and bookmark metrics as you browse the five domains section. These will then be available for later use in the radar chart generator.
Step 5


20/10/2017 What is your lab called and where is it? UBU lab, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. What sorts of projects and activities form the core of your work? Is there a specific temporal or technological focus for your lab? 1. Researching creativity in the digital age (e.g. Digital experiments, Demoscene, electronic literature, media art, creative […]


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School development index
SDI is an independent and comprehensive school assessment of the schools in Delhi, being done by DCPCR. The Commission's vision is to make information about schools accessible to parents, devise ways to acknowledge well-performing schools and put in place a system for effective governance of schools in the city.
Adhyayan Foundation partnered with DCPCR in 2017 - 2018, to build the framework and the tool for the evaluation. The framework was built keeping in mind the context of children and schools in Delhi along with DCPCR's priorities and vision for the evaluation process. The tool consists of the following themes:
Safety and Security which involves physical, emotional, sexual, structural, fire, hygienic, medical safety of the children;
Teaching and Learning which involves the teachers' availability, qualifications, pedagogy, interaction with students, students' reading proficiency in English and Hindi and arithmetic ;
Parental Participation which involves PTMs, or other means of parental involvement in schools;
Social Inclusion which involves fill rates, retention rates, experience of children admitted under this provision and whether the department is disbursing the reimbursement timely.


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Website PSA Airlines Inc.
Crew Schedulers are an integral part of the Operation Control Center (OCC) and serve as a critical component to the airlines operation. The Crew Scheduler is responsible for ensuring each scheduled flight is legally covered with the appropriate crew compliment. Schedulers use tools and resources to schedule pilots and flight attendants, and aptly amending schedules by adhering to FARs, company policies and procedures, and the Collective Bargaining Agreements.
- Make last-minute changes to crew hotel reservations/cancellations and transportation arrangements, as necessary, during daily operations.
- Book Flight Attendant on deadhead flights when needed
- Create and modify Flight Attendant schedules to resolve all conflicts created by weather, maintenance, and crew issues by exercising decision-making skills that comply with all applicable FAA regulations, CBA, and company policies while using resources efficiently.
- Interact with Flight Attendants and process daily absences, operation reassignments, crew swaps, and crew movement
- Monitor Flight Attendant check-in status to assure coverage
- Utilize multiple software systems to track and solve complex scheduling problems and complete required checklists.
- Maintain high level of attention to detail and precise communication to Flight Attendants about schedule changes.
- Build all open Flight Attendant segments into trips, and cover for current day.
- Must be able to speak, read and write in English
- If hired, must be able to demonstrate that you are authorized to work in the US.
- High school diploma or equivalent
- Customer Service experience
- Ability to speak/read/write in English
- Intermediate computer skills with Microsoft Office programs
Company: PSA Airlines, Inc.
Vacancy Type: Full Time
Job Location: Wilmington, NC, US
Application Deadline: N/A


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Create speakable Safari bookmarks
Speech recognition is one of those features that has been present in the Mac OS for many years, and yet it's not widely used—for any number of reasons, including practicality in noisy office environments. However, it's actually a fairly powerful technology, as today's tip may help demonstrate. (If you're familiar with how speech recognition works on OS X, you can skip directly down to the hint below.)
Before you can use speech recognition on OS X, you must first enable it. Open System Preferences -> Speech, and click the On button next to Speakable Items on the Speech Recognition tab. A small round window will appear; that's the speech recognition controller. The Esc in the blue box indicates the key you'll press to activate recognition—by default, it's set to Escape, though you can change this in the Speech System Preferences panel. It's also set up to only listen while you have the Escape key held down.
Now that it's enabled, exactly what can you do with it? Quite a bit; click the small arrow at the bottom of the circle and choose Open Speech Commands Window from the drop-down menu. This window contains a list of commands that you can say to your Mac—things like get my mail or open my browser, for instance, can be found in the Speakable Items section of the Commands portion of the window. You can do quite a bit with the commands shown here; have fun!
When you're in certain applications, you'll also see an entry for that application in the Commands section. Launch Safari, for instance, and look at the Commands section of the Speech Commands window, and you'll see a Safari entry. Click the triangle, and you'll see Safari's speech commands library. One of those commands, Make This Page Speakable, is the key to making speakable bookmarks. The process is actually quite simple: load the page you want to turn into a speakable bookmark (note that it does not have to be a page that you've bookmarked in Safari). Then press and hold Escape (or whatever keys you've set to activate speech recognition) and say make this page speakable. If you do it right, you'll hear a "whit" as the system recognizes you've sent it a command, and you'll see the dialog pictured above right.
Enter a short, easily-pronounced name into the text box, then click OK. That's it; you've created a speakable bookmark! I created a short movie demonstrating how you can load sites by speaking the name you've assigned (while pressing Escape to activate speech recognition); it also shows how to create a new speakable bookmark:
As you can see, speakable bookmarks do work—as long as your environment is quiet enough to allow speech recognition. There's much more you can do with this feature, of course; enable it and you may find yourself talking to your computer more often.


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Sectoral electricity demand and direct rebound effects in New Zealand
This paper is one of the limited studies to investigate rebound effects in sectoral electricity consumption and the specific case of New Zealand. New Zealand, like other OECD economies, has aimed for energy efficiency improvements and reduced electricity consumption from 9.2 MWh per capita in 2010 to 8.6 MWh per capita in 2015. However, following a significant decline since 2010, electricity consumption in the main New Zealand sectors is increasing. Energy conservation could play an important role in meeting the growing demand for electricity but rebound effects can affect the effectiveness of conservation policies. We decompose the sectoral electricity prices to capture the asymmetric demand response to electricity price changes and estimate electricity demand elasticity during 1980 and 2015 to estimate the sectoral rebound effects. We find partial rebound effects of 54% and 23% in the industrial and commercial sectors respectively while we find no rebound effect at the aggregate level. The rebound effect is insignificant in the residential sector. These findings lead to policy recommendations for sector specific energy conservation measures and policies.
Open Access Status
This publication is not available as open access
University of Wollongong


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Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean
Published Web Locationhttps://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-_PHONE_
Air/sea fluxes of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were measured by eddy correlation over the Eastern South Pacific Ocean during January 2006. The cruise track extended from Manzanillo, Mexico, along 110° W, to Punta Arenas, Chile. Bulk air and surface ocean DMS levels were also measured and gas transfer coefficients (kDMS) were computed. Air and seawater DMS measurements were made using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (API-CIMS) and a gas/liquid membrane equilibrator. Mean surface seawater DMS concentrations were 3.8±2.2 nM and atmospheric mixing ratios were 340±370 ppt. The air/sea flux of DMS was uniformly out of the ocean, with an average value of 12±15 μmol m−2 d−1. Sea surface concentration and flux were highest around 15° S, in a region influenced by shelf waters and lowest around 25° S, in low chlorophyll gyre waters. The DMS gas transfer coefficient exhibited a linear wind speed-dependence over the wind speed range of 1 to 9 m s−1. This relationship is compared with previously measured estimates of k from DMS, CO2, and dual tracer data from the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, and with the NOAA/COARE gas transfer model. The model generated slope of k vs. wind speed is at the low end of those observed in previous DMS field studies.


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Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
In 2004, Stanford University became one of the first institutions to allow Google to digitize chunks of its library collection as part of the Google Books Library Project.
In 2004, Stanford University became one of the first institutions to allow Google to digitize chunks of its library collection as part of the Google Books Library Project. Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
The periodical shelves at Stanford University's Engineering Library are nearly bare. Library chief Helen Josephine says that in the past five years, most engineering periodicals have been moved online, making their print versions pretty obsolete — and books aren't doing much better.
According to Josephine, students can now browse those periodicals from their laptops or mobile devices.
For years, students have had to search through volume after volume of books before finding the right formula — but no more. Josephine says that "with books being digitized and available through full text search capabilities, they can find that formula quite easily."
In 2005, when the university realized it was running out space for its growing collection of 80,000 engineering books, administrators decided to build a new library. But instead of creating more space for books, they chose to create less.
The new library is set to open in August with 10,000 engineering books on the shelves — a decrease of more than 85 percent from the old library. Stanford library director Michael Keller says the librarians determined which books to keep on the shelf by looking at how frequently a book was checked out. They found that the vast majority of the collection hadn't been taken off the shelf in five years.
Keller expects that, eventually, there won't be any books on the shelves at all.
"As the world turns more and more, the items that appeared in physical form in previous decades and centuries are appearing in digital form," he says.
Given the nature of engineering, that actually comes in handy. Engineering uses some basic formulas but is generally a rapidly changing field — particularly in specialties such as software and bioengineering. Traditional textbooks have rarely been able to keep up.
Jim Plummer, dean of Stanford's School of Engineering, says that's why his faculty is increasingly using e-books.
"It allows our faculty to change examples," he says," to put in new homework problems... and lectures and things like that in almost a real-time way."
A New Trend In Libraries?
For the moment, the Engineering Library is the only Stanford library that's cutting back on books. But Keller says he can see what's coming down the road by simply looking at the current crop of Stanford students.
"They write their papers online, and they read articles online, and many, many, many of them read chapters and books online," he says. "I can see in this population of students behaviors that clearly indicate where this is all going."
And while it's still rare among American libraries to get rid of such a large amount of books, it's clear that many are starting to lay the groundwork for a different future. According to a survey by the Association of Research Libraries, American libraries are spending more of their money on electronic resources and less on books.
Cornell University's Engineering Library recently announced an initiative similar to Stanford's — but the move to electronic books is also meeting some resistance. An effort by Arizona State University to use Amazon's Kindle to distribute electronic textbooks was met with a lawsuit because the device wasn't fully accessible to the visually impaired.
Meanwhile, back at Stanford's new Engineering Library, librarians are looking forward to spending less time with books and more time with people.
"That's what we're so [excited about]," Josephine says, "the idea of actually offering more services, offering more workshops, offering more one-on-one time with students."
But some Stanford students express mixed feelings about the shift. Engineering student Sam Tsai is checking out some old-fashioned paper books.
"To read a book on the screen is kind of tiring for me," Tsai says, "so I sometimes like [the] paper form. But if I can access books online, it's much more convenient for me, so I would actually prefer that as well."
For now, at least, Tsai can have the option of both.


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Phase Change Heat Exchanger Project (Phase Change HX) - 03.29.17
Maintaining safe temperatures is difficult in space, where there is no atmosphere to provide warmth in the shade or protection from the sun's heat. Phase-change material heat exchangers can help by freezing or thawing a material to maintain critical temperatures inside a spacecraft, protecting crew members and equipment. Phase Change Heat Exchanger Project (Phase Change HX) tests a new type of heat exchanger that could help offset heat on future spacecraft, enabling future missions to better regulate temperatures. The test bed brings a new capability to the International Space Station (ISS) where test articles, requiring sub-zero fluid temperatures, can be tested on ISS. The Phase Change HX Payload includes a plug and play design allowing common interfaces for future payloads that require fluid temperature between -10°C to 30°C with flow rates between 50-300 lb/hr. Science Results for Everyone
Information Pending Experiment Details
OpNom: Phase Change HX
Rubik Sheth, M.S., NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
Thomas Ahlstrom, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
Jacobs Engineering, Houston, TX, United States
NASA Johnson Space Center, Crew and Thermal Systems Division, Houston, TX, United States
Sponsoring Space Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Technology Demonstration Office (TDO)
Scientific Discovery, Space Exploration, Earth Benefits
ISS Expedition Duration
March 2016 - September 2017
- Creating a unique test platform using the EXPRESS Rack on the ISS for testing phase change material heat exchangers (PCM HX).
- PCM HXs store energy by thawing a phase change material (i.e. wax or water) via hot coolant.
- The vehicle's radiators are capable of cooling the coolant, then refreezes the PCM for later use.
- Providing the ability to run numerous thaw/freeze cycles for the PCM HX while logging data from numerous temperature and pressure sensors.
- Sending the collected data to the ground team for processing and assessing how the PCM HX is performing in a micro-gravity environment.
- Removing the currently tested PCM HX within the experiment and installing a new PCM HX prototype with a different phase change material (i.e. water vs wax). This change-out will be capable of being performed by the on-orbit crew.
- Advancing the technology readiness level of phase change heat exchangers for use on future exploration missions.
- Assessing the performance of phase change heat exchangers in a micro-gravity environment.
- The ability to test numerous phase change heat exchangers capable of being installed by the on-orbit crew.
- Providing a low temperature loop (down to -10°C) that could be used in the future for other experiments in need of a lower temperatures than the ISS can currently provide.
- Entire experiment is contained within an EXPRESS Rack double locker.
- Utilizes the Moderate Temperature Loop (MTL), Low Temperature Loop (LTL), two EXPRESS Rack power connections, and one EXPRESS Rack data connection.
- Includes a contained Propylene Glycol Water (PGW) loop and a Thermal Electric Cooler (TEC) HX which provides the -10°C fluid used to freeze the PCM Heat Sink.
- The TEC HX includes strip heaters which provide the maximum 30°C fluid used to melt the PCM heat sink.
- Includes an avionics box which is cooled by the MTL and provides all data monitoring/logging and the software interface required to run the experiment from the ground workstation.
Wax-based phase-change heat exchangers have been used in space before, including on the Apollo lunar rover and the former Skylab space station, but with inconsistent results. A water-based phase-change heat exchanger has significantly better energy storage than wax, but it has not yet been tested in space. This investigation tests these heat exchangers in a microgravity environment, providing data needed to use phase-change heat exchangers on future space missions.
Phase-change heat exchangers are a low-energy means to control temperatures in chemical plants, power plants and other settings. By using materials that change phase from liquid to vapor depending on the temperature, facilities like power plants and factories can more easily move heat into areas that must be warmed by removing heat from areas that must be cooled. While this investigation is geared to space-based use, results improve basic research on phase-change heat exchangers.
Operational Requirements and Protocols
Decadal Survey Recommendations
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