text:
Can We Predict Student Success in Agricultural Economics Graduate Programs?
Criteria for admission to graduate programs are used by departments and graduate schools to identify characteristics assumed to be associated with â€œsuccessâ€ . They allow for more uniformity in student ability and preparation so graduate education is more efficient. This study analyzes the relationship between selected student characteristics and experience and two proxies for â€œsuccessâ€ â€"graduate GPA and the probability of completing an Agricultural Economics graduate program. Data are from past students in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Texas Tech University. Statistical differences among the means of student characteristics were evaluated, a regression model was estimated to predict graduate GPA, and a logistical regression was estimated to examine the probability of not completing a graduate program. Results show some difference in characteristics between those who complete and do not complete. Graduate GPA is significantly related to citizenship, degree program, quantitative GRE score, and previous program GPA. However, only above-average prior GPA and existence of financial assistance are significantly related to the probability of nor completing a graduate program.
Volume (Year): 14 (1996)
Issue (Month): 2 ()
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: 301 Conner Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7509|
Web page: _URL_
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How to put thermometer to your WEB page?
Do you want your website to show a thermometer like ours? Are you looking for a way to show the temperature in your premises or sport facility directly on your web? This article is the right one for you. Here, you will learn how to measure the temperature and how to get the values onto your web.
How does it work?
A thermometer or a special program sends the currently measured temperature to the web server as a simple query of the HTTP GET type.
Drawing of the principle of measured temperature inserting on the WEB pages in case of TM and TMU. As for TME the temperature is sent directly to the server without any need for help from the measuring station.
Figure 1. – The principle of displaying temperature on your website
What hardware to use?
The temperature is measured using a TM (thermometer for RS232), TMU (thermometer USB) or TME thermometer (Ethernet).
Web thermometer in PHP
What is necessary for this solution:
 - Hosting (or an intranet server) with PHP scripting.
 - Computer with a connected TM or TMU temperature sensor making regular connections to the Internet, or a TME thermometer connected permanently to the Internet.
The systems of temperature measuring and updating on the WEB is illustrated in the figure above. At the point of measurement, a TM or TMU temperature sensor is connected to a computer running the control program. In regular intervals, the program measures the temperature from the sensor and sends it to a server connected to the Internet (or Intranet).
In case of the TME Ethernet thermometer, the process of sending the measured temperature is even simpler. The interval for sending the measured value as well as the internet address of the script processing the temperature is set directly in TME. This is the only setting that needs to be done in this version.
On the server, the only thing you need to do is to place a simple script on the WEB site (described below), which saves the received temperature and makes sure it is displayed at a desired location of your website.
[ The below described solution of temperature data transfer is the most basic example of available solutions. Naturally, this solution should also include security or should be able to deal with long-term loss of communication with the server. ]
Script
The source code of the script on server (we thank Mr Milan Kozák for finalising the script):
<?php
// Load variables from the temp sensor and protected against XSS attacks.
$TEMP = htmlspecialchars($_GET['temp'], ENT_QUOTES, "UTF-8");
// If the temperature comes as a parameter, write it in a file and displays the results.
// If the file has the appropriate rights, displays an error message.
if ($TEMP)
 {
 if ($file=@fopen("temperature.dat", "w"))
 {
 $text=fwrite($file,$TEMP);
 fclose($file);
 echo $TEMP;
 }
 else
 {
 echo "Error - file temperature.dat does not have permission to write!";
 }
}
// If the temperature does not come as a parameter, loads and displays the temperature of teploty.dat file.
// If the file has the appropriate rights, displays an error message.
if (!$TEMP)
 {
 if ($file=@fopen("temperature.dat", "r"))
 {
 $text=fread($file,10);
 fclose($file);
 echo $text;
 }
 else
 {
 echo "Error - file temperature.dat has no permission to read!";
 }
}
?>
The script enables both the receipt of the measured temperature and its displaying. The relevant code can simply be stored as a teplota.php file into the root folder of your WEB. If the Internet address of your server is for example _URL_, the address of your script will be _URL_ The measured temperature can be stored on the server using the parameter handed over to the script. The temperature of 25.6°C can be entered the following way: _URL_ Use this method to test the functionality of the script. Temperature is transferred this way using the operating program which is described below.
If you consequently open the address _URL_ in your Internet browser, the text "25.6" is displayed (the last measured value of temperature).
[ The script for saving the current temperature uses the teploty.dat file, which can be found in the same directory as the script. It is necessary to ensure that the PHP server is fully entitled to write as well as read the file. ]
Now, the script on the server has been finished. Naturally, we can incorporate it into our WEB site or extend it by other functions or security. Regular update of measured temperatures is ensured by an application described below. (The application is not required if temperatures are measured using the TME Ethernet Thermometer, which sends the measured temperature directly to the Internet without requiring any PC.)
Program for temperature measuring
What is required for this program:
 - A computer with Windows 2000, XP operating system or higher.
 - Permanent or regular connection to the Internet. (required for sending temperature values to the server in the Internet.)
 - A connected TM or TMU thermometer.
 - [ If a TME thermometer is used, the application is not required. TME sends the temperature values by itself without requiring any PC. ]
The operating program makes sure that the temperature is measured by the TM or TMU sensor and sent to a server in the Internet. It enables the user to set the intervals of measuring and is able to save measured temperatures into a file, which can be easily imported into the Microsoft Excel program. The program must run on the computer which is connected to the thermometer.
The picture shows all the program windows.
The figure shows all program windows. The main window can be found on the left at the bottom with a minimized main window above it. The right window enables parameter setting.
Main window
The main window shows the measured temperature and the procedure of sending the temperature to the Internet, including any errors occuring in the communication with the sensor or the server. The logs displayed in this window can also be stored in form of a text file of the following format: TM2web - dd.M.yyyy.log. The file is stored in the same directory as the program.
The button to the right of the temperature value can be used to minimise the main window into a stripe (the upper left-hand side of the picture).
The Options button opens the setup window, the Hide button hides the main window on the bottom bar in the area of the clock.
Setup window
Target URL address – the address of the script processing temperature values on the server in the Internet. By clicking the Send button it is possible to send the currently measured value to the set address.
Period of automatic sending to server – the intervals in which temperature values are to be sent to the server in the Internet. The time needs to be set in minutes. If "0" is chosen, the function of automatic sending is deactivated.
Source serial port – from the list choose the COM serial port with the connected TM thermometer or choose a virtual serial port of the TMU thermometer. Click the button to the right of the COM selection field to open/close the selected port for communication with the sensor. If the "Automatic" box is ticked, the selected port is open automatically after the program has been started.
Other settings – saving temperatures into a text file
Always on top – the main window will always be on top of other windows.
Generate temperature LOG – a text file with measured temperatures will be stored every day into the directory containing the program. The temperature files hold names of the following format: Temperature(dd.M.yyyy).log. Each line contains one log including the date and time of measurements. The values are separated by tabulators, which makes the files easy to import into e.g. the Microsoft Excel program.
The setup window can be closed without accepting the changes by pressing the "Close" button or the changes can be saved and the window closed by pressing the "Save and close" button.
Images
tweb_sw.ziptweb_sw.zip
Program for sending the temperature of the TM and TMU on the web server.
File size: 285 kB
Date: 01-31-2011
Download
Created21. 1. 2011


text:
The up-sizing technology of supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seed oil was studied in this paper. The optimizing technical parameters are: extracting pressure at 25 MPa,extracting temperature at 45℃,CO2 flow rate at 40 kg/h. the extraction yield is 8.92%,which is less than the result of lab.
The factors of time, temperature which influence saponification were simply studied. The optimum conditions for saponification: 1h, 60℃. Under these conditions, a fatty acid yield of 93.2% was obtained, and the product contained 5.72% EPA, 10.55% DHA and 4.83% DPA.
Under the optimum reaction conditions(SnCl4·5H2O/C(loaded amount 20%) 0.1 g),ethyl acetoacetate 5 mL,ethylene glycol 6 mL,microwave power 600 W,microwave irradiation time 2.5 min,the yield of ketal was 81.6%.
The results show that microencapsulate yield(MEY) and microencapsulate efficiency (MEE) reach above 98% and 85% respectively at optimum condition as followed: w(SPI) ∶w(MD) is 1 ∶4,mass fraction of corn syrup in emulsion and all shell-materials in emulsion is 38.5% and 16.7% respectively,conjugated linoleic acid in the microencapsulation product is about 16%;
The concentration, production intensity and yield to glucose of pyruvic acid reached 80.51g/L, 1.83g/L·h and 0.69g/g in 7L-jar fermentation, which were 44.36%, 57.48% and 22.78% higher than the control results respectively. The numbers has reached to or even surpassed the best international results ever reported using the similar strains.
Synthesis of isoamyl laurate from lauric acid and isoamyl alcohol with nanometer H3PW12O40 / SiO2 as catalyst is studied, the results showed that nanometer H3PW12O40/ SiO2 was a good catalyst for synthesizing isoamyl laurate, the oplimal conditions were found as follows: molar ratio of lauric acid to isoamyl alcohol was 1∶5, the weight of catalyst was 5%, the reaction time was 2h, yield was about 99.1%.
The optimum conditions were φ(ethanol)=50% ethanol solution as extractant,ratio of materials 1∶13,extraction temperature 70 ℃ and extraction time 4.0 h. The extraction yield of resveratrol could reach 0.34%.
The yield of borneol and isoborneol was 52.93%,and selectivity for borneol was 60.46%at the conditions of programmed temperatures,reaction time 315 min,saponification time 1h,mass part of catalyst 5%,and terpineol:chloroacetic acid 100∶25(mass ratio).
We also prove that some unimodular wavelets yield unconditional bases in Lp(?).
The same technique of proof is also applied to yield an existence result for A-dilation MRA subspace wavelets.
In most applications, it is this overcompleteness that is exploited to yield a decomposition that is more stable, more robust, or more compact than is possible using nonredundant systems.
This article shows that those abstract results yield an array of new implications for irregular Gabor frames.
The base-catalyzed condensation of thioureas (1-3a-i) with acetone was carried out in the presence of bromine to afford the corresponding 1-(isomeric methyl) benzoyl-3-aryl-4-methyl-imidazole-2-thiones (4-6a-i) in good yield.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Identification of decoration and origin
Can you possibly discern the origin of this architectural figure. It is confounding me since I cannot find anything in the books that I have for reference.
It seems to me that this is a warrior figure and in his lap appears to be a bird. Can you dicere anything from these photos?
Ming "roof tile"
You call it an architectural figure and that is about as close as we can get. They are usually called "tiles" and were used on the roofs to ward evil sprits off the houses.
In the trade they are usually called "Ming dynasty" and everybody seems pretty happy with that provided they are not still warm from the kiln. You could look at the clothing of the figure, the general style, the crazing of the glaze and the general condition - since something that old ought to be at least a bit battered - but regarding the age there is really no telling by just looking at a picture.
Regarding the man and the bird I think that could be connected to an old story about a local king that - losing a war - got tied to the roof of his house until a bird took him away. Unfortunately I don't remember the details. The setting of the story was probably the Zhou dynasty. This specific figure is usually depicted *sitting* on the bird, though.
Thank you for your interest.
Best regards,
Jan-Erik Nilsson


User Tools
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doc:howto:cups.server
CUPS Server
This HowTo provides information on installing and configuring a Common Unix Printing System on OpenWrt.
Preparation
Prerequisites
 1. obtain usb.essentials basic USB support or (parport Parallel Port support)
 2. drivers
 3. kernel module for USB printers: opkg install kmod-usb-printer
 4. Firewall: open ports tcp and udp.
CUPS mandatory uses spooling, which means that the entire print job data gets stored in a buffer (on harddisc or in RAM) before the printing is even started. Dependent of what you want to print, your resources are probably that limited that you should not use CUPS. But of course you can add resources to your hardware, like say connect a harddisc per USB.
 1. usb.storage to mount a filesystem or a SWAP partition. This should massively upgrade your endowment.
 2. you cannot mount SWAP over network but you could mount any other filesystem over the network and park the data there, see filesystem
Required Packages
Server (OpenWrt)
Name Version Size in Bytes Description
cups 1.4.4-1 2 217 619 A printer spooling system for devices with USB or LP support.
zlib 1.2.5-1 39 388 Library implementing the deflate compression method
libpthread 0.9.32-65 30 717 POSIX thread library
libpng 1.2.44-1 128 723 A PNG format files handling library
libjpeg 6b-1 61 963 The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG runtime library
libstdcpp 4.3.3+cs-65 232 642 GNU Standard C++ Library v3
cups-bjnp 0.5.4-1 11 293 (optional) Description: CUPS backend for the canon printers using the proprietary USB over IP BJNP protocol. This backend allows Cups to print over the network to a Canon printer. It currently supports Cups 1.2 and Cups 1.3 and is designed by reverse engineering.
Installation
opkg
opkg install cups
vi /etc/cups.conf
If you have external storage, change the CUPS spool directory so that it resides on this storage:
vi /etc/cups/cupsd.conf and change- RequestRoot /opt/var/spool/cups
. /etc/init.d/cupsd enable
. /etc/init.d/cupsd start
netstat -a
iptables -I INPUT -j ACCEPT -i eth0.1 -p tcp --port ?????
iptables -I INPUT -j ACCEPT -i eth0.1 -p udp --port ?????
Configuration
CUPSD configuration
Use Cups own configuration Web GUI. If cups is running, you should be able to find it at http://192.168.1.1:631 (that is port 631 of your router's own address). The default cups configuration in Attitude Adjustment uses the host system authentication mechanism, so in order to log in as Administrator, use the root username and its password (the same you use at the Lucy log-in screen).
An alternative to the Web GUI is text file configuration: configure /etc/cups/cups.conf according to man cupsd.conf. Notice that some configuration files (such as /etc/cups/printers.conf) should not be edited while cups is running. Many cups text files are meant to be modified by the lpadmin command.
Permissions Problems
If you have problems with permissions, try to change /etc/cups/cupsd.conf to fit your local TCP/IP network:
Order Deny,Allow
Deny From All
Allow from 127.0.0.1
Allow from 192.168.1.0/24 #your ip area.
Toubleshooting: Need drivers uploaded on power up ?
Got an HP Laserjet or similar device that requires the driver to be uploaded to the printer each time it's turned on? See this post here
Adding Printers
Notice you can't print a testpage on the local cups, because this would need to have ghostscript installed on your embedded system.
USB printers notes and throubleshooting
Backfire: There may be a problem interfacing with USB printers if usb-printers kernel module is also loaded. These conflict with the cups-provided USB support. There are plenty of bugs and one working solution is as follows:
 1. Remove usblp support: opkg remove kmod-usb-printer
 2. Edit user and group in /etc/cups/cupsd.conf from User Nobody/Group Nogroup to User root/Group root
 3. Change ACL on /usr/lib/cups/backend/usb to 700 (chmod 700 /usr/lib/cups/backend/usb). This changes the behaviour of cups, which normally tries to execute the backend through a user account other than root. This forces the backend to run as root from cups.
 4. Finally, it should be possible to add printers through the web page http://host:631/admin or manually. The USB device name cannot be displayed through lpinfo but can instead be listed by running /usr/lib/cups/backend/usb as root.
There is a problem with the permissions on USB printers not being writable by nobody, which is what CUPS expects. An alternative is to make a wrapper backend that executes a sudo script which does find /proc/bus/usb -type f -exec chmod +rw {} \;. Point being, there is a permission problem between USB/udev and CUPS preventing USB-printers from working. Also, CUPS is removing support or has a lot of issues currently with usblp support.
In Attitude Adjustment, you just need to change ACL on /usr/lib/cups/backend/usb to 700 (chmod 700 /usr/lib/cups/backend/usb). This changes the behaviour of cups, which normally tries to execute the backend through a user account other than root. This forces the backend to run as root from cups, the reason have been said above.
Printers must be Shared
In order to use the printers from other clients in your network, the printers must be shared. In the Web GUI, when adding a printer you should mark the check box "Share This Printer".
Adding drivers / PPDs
If you have a special PostScript Printer Description (ppd)-file for your printer, copy it to /usr/share/cups/model/ and restart cupsd. Cups will install it in /etc/cups/ppd and you can choose it via the web interface. (http://192.168.1.1:631). You can also upload a PPD file through the web interface. The trick here is that without Ghostscript you are unlikely to get on-router file conversion to work.
You really get two alternatives:
 1. use the printer with a raw queue, and set drivers (i.e. PPD) in your computer/laptop. In this case, the file conversion and preparation will be done on your computer/laptop (as opposed to on the router)
 2. add printing drivers to your router. Notice that the usual "Linux printing drivers/filters" stack requires more space than a normal router has. If you've extended your root space and are willing to do some cross compilation, you can try these unofficial packages openwrt-printing-packages
MacOS X tip
Configure your extended printer settings. If you use the standard printer settings and add an IPP printer, MacOS X will add after the server adress /ipp . But this class etc. does not exist on your cupsd.
Client configuration
This page has good notes about configuring clients for Linux, Windows and Mac OSX:
configure.the.clients.for.printing.
The main point is that if you added printers and marked them as shared, all these operating system should be able to find it as a network printer.
Start on boot
To enable/disable start on boot:
/etc/init.d/cupsd enable (it creates a symlink: /etc/rc.d/S??cupsd → /etc/init.d/cupsd)
/etc/init.d/cupsd disable (this removes the symlink).
Administration
Use Cups own Web GUI. If cups is running, you should be able to find it at http://192.168.1.1:631 (that is port 631 of your router's own address). If you did not change its configuration, to log in to Administration use the root username and its password.
Alternatively you can login to OpenWrt and edit /etc/cups/cups.conf. Restart cupsd.
Log Messages
Check cupsd to learn what they mean.
Notes
OpenWrt User posts about installing CUPS
doc/howto/cups.server.txt · Last modified: 2013/09/04 20:41 by francisco


text:
The SwimFin looks like a fun swimming aid for kids. It straps onto your child's back to provide buoyancy and encouragement. It helps the child feel safe so that they can concentrate on moving their arms and learning their strokes.
Your kid wears it high on the back, above the center of gravity, so that it suspends him or her in the water. If used in the ocean, I bet this could really clear the beach too.
It's a pretty cool idea and of course every kid likes to pretend they are a shark when in the water. SwimFin comes in seven different colors and can be purchased at their website. Once you make that purchase your kid is free to start sharking around.
[via Lost at E Minor via Laughing Squid]

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Skip to main content
Enabling Paperless Trade
Alexander Goulandris
Paperless Trade
Digital Documents
 enabling paperless trade
By Alexander Goulandris, CEO, essDOCS
*This article originally appeared in ICC UK's 'G20: The Voice of UK Business' May 2017 Issue and is republished with the kind permission of ICC.
In the drive for simplicity and automation in trade, companies and banks are increasingly turning to digitization. In the last few years, eCommerce trade has grown from a few million dollars to over $1.7T of trade in 2016, across platforms such as eBay, Alibaba, Amazon, in US, EU and China.
But what does it mean and why should G20 leaders take note?
Digitization in trade and trade finance brings significant operational and financial benefits through automation whilst providing greater compliance and transparency. IATA estimate that eDocs will reduce export paper processes by up to 44% when fully digitized.
The digitization of things also known as the Internet of Things (IoT), increasingly offers real-time cargo information and in turn a reduction in risk for buyers and banks. As digitization efforts bear fruit, the risk (and cost) of trade will reduce, in turn allowing for more trade finance and more trade.
As financial inclusion bubbles to the top of policy imperatives, enabling digital trade should be a critical initiative for all G20 leaders.
In addition, real-time digital document analysis combined with artificial intelligence learning offers a powerful tool in identifying terrorism financing flows and dual use goods shipments which are in contravention of export controls.
There are several different levers which can be pulled to enable digital trade as follows:
Acceptance: ensuring that relevant arms of Government, such as the Central Bank, Customs, Health and Tax Authorities, as necessary, accept electronic trade documentation as an alternative to paper. Furthermore, where digitization projects are underway such as the IPPC ePhyto Hub Project, it is critical for Governments to participate to ensure their global success. Adoption of the World Customs Organization Data Model as part of a Single Window project will also greatly facilitate digital trade, as will the full implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) once more member states support and accept it.
Incentives: the transition to digital trade is a significant endeavor for companies and banks alike. Incentivizing trade participants to make the investment will accelerate the transition and in turn deliver the benefits to GDP and financial inclusion. Possible incentives that G20 countries could offer include: (i) blue line customs clearance for cargos shipped under digital documents; (ii) reduction in capital adequacy requirements for credit provided under a digital trade asset; (iii) tax credits for companies engaged in digital trade transformation; and/or (iv) tax credits or grants for digital trade providers.
Legislation: one key complexity in digital trade, is the enforceability of electronic title documents, such as bills of lading, warehouse warrants, bills of exchange and promissory notes, without the need for a complex multi-partite legal agreement. G20 leaders can assist by ratifying for example the Rotterdam Rules which enables electronic bills of lading, or the upcoming UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferrable Records (due to be adopted in July 2017), which deals with all negotiable instruments. In addition, G20 countries should focus on promoting technological neutrality, i.e. no requirements for local digital signature providers or local storing of data, as this negatively impacts the suitability of those rules for international trade.
In summary, Digital Trade will provide enormous benefits, whether focused on domestic or international trade. The support of G20 leaders is important in accelerating this transition.
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text:
My cousin Marion Morgan Kemp (_PHONE_) lived a comfortable life with villas in New York City, Rome and France, where she died.
Her "simple" home in Rome was at 22 Via Gregoriana.
I decided to search GenealogyBank's Historical Newspaper Archives, using the street name, to see what articles I could find about the street and neighborhood where she lived in Rome.
I quickly found nine articles that seemed to be about her – but the information wasn't quite right.
Where will this mystery take us?
Will we find a new relative or are these articles actually about my cousin?
What are the clues?
In article after article she was named "Marian Kemp." OK, that was pretty close, but we know my cousin was Marion with an "o."
Multiple articles like the one above described her as "the daughter of a former ambassador." I can see how this confusion might have happened.
Her villa, on the Via Gregoriana in Rome, became the residence of Myron Taylor, the U.S. Representative to the Vatican when the Allies retook Rome in 1944. She requested him to use her home as his residence and "had known [him] for many years."
Several of the articles referred to her as an heiress whose fortune came from the "Morgan family." We are not related to the Morgans so perhaps there really was another person named "Marian Kemp" living on the Via Gregoriana in Rome, the daughter of a U.S. Ambassador, who was a Morgan family heiress.
I can also guess how this misunderstanding crept into multiple articles. My cousin's middle name was "Morgan" – and while she is not related to the J.P. Morgan family, the family had intermarried with the equally well known Vanderbilt family.
Another article mentioned that the villa had been the home of a Russian count. Now, that fact had a familiar ring to it.
I knew that Marion Morgan Kemp's home had previously been owned by "the Russian count Grigory Sergeievich Stroganoff [_PHONE_] who bought the building in 1881 and converted it into a grand residence." (Source: Bibliotheca Hertziana.)
At first I was skipping over and rejecting these articles as not pertaining to my family because the facts didn't completely fit with our family history – but one by one the clues from each article started to fit together, and it became clear that these articles really were about my relative.
When I saw the subheading printed in the Evening Star article above, stating that she "Lived to 103," I knew it had to be her. So I went back through each of the articles to see what more I could learn about her. Several of the newspaper articles included interior photographs from her villa.
Here is an important clue I need to follow up on: her "formal garden is the setting for Henry James' novelette "Daisy Miller." I'll have to read that book.
Marion Morgan Kemp died 18 September 1963. I was already working at the Family History Department of the Ferguson Library by then.
I remember when an elderly woman came into the library and introduced herself by telling me that she was a "Kemp" and wondered if we were related. I asked her where her family was from – and she told me New York City. I responded that no, our family was from Connecticut.
A rookie mistake.
As a "newbie" genealogist I knew about our Kemp family – at least, all 19 of them that I had charted in our family tree at that time. Since then I've worked through the family tree more, made the connections and expanded our tree to tens of thousands of relatives from around the world – and of course found Marion Morgan Kemp and the cousins in New York City.
I've always wondered if the woman who had stopped by the library that day was Marion Morgan Kemp.
Probably not, but it would have been nice to have met her.
Now, through the newspaper archives of GenealogyBank, I can "meet" Marion Morgan Kemp and learn more about my cousins and the lives that they lived.
- A Fascinating Genealogy Success Story: Mystery of Missing Ancestors Solved
- Newspapers Break through Genealogy Brick Wall, Solving 100-Year Mystery
- Sleuthing for Clues in the News to Solve Genealogy Mysteries
- Family History Fact Finding: True Family Stories in Newspapers
- My Ancestors' Life Stories as Told in Old Newspapers


text:
ACECQA's Quality Support Program Team outlines the importance of articulating practice and provides practical tips to assist educators articulate the achievements and strengths of their service and team members during assessment and rating visits.
As an educator, your contribution to your service's assessment and rating visit can really make a difference.
The visit is your opportunity to highlight what your service and educators do well, celebrate your strengths and achievements, open conversations about the quality of your programs and practices, and gain valuable feedback.
Many will be thinking that this is easier said than done. After all, one of the things that many educators find difficult is communicating to the authorised officer all that your service does well, and how practices provide quality outcomes for children and families.
This is the skill of articulating practice.
In fact, educators articulate practice on a daily basis. They talk with and about children and their knowledge, strengths, ideas, culture, abilities and interests. They also discuss children's learning, their social and emotional development, wellbeing, and friendships.
Articulation is generally understood to mean the act of expressing something in a coherent, understood way. Articulation in education and care is essential to building relationships with children (Element 5.1.1) and collaborative partnerships with families and communities (QA 6).
It is through these conversations and relationships that educators gain an understanding of, and build on, the strengths, aspirations and priorities of children and families. This in turn makes your education and care programs, practices and policies meaningful, inclusive and child-centred.
Authorised officers are trained to follow an 'observe-discuss-sight' method at the visit to gather evidence to support a rating against the NQS, including compliance with the National Law and National Regulations.
While authorised officers may ask questions to gain more information and examples, it is important to think about what you would like to discuss and which examples highlight how the educators, service leaders and team are meeting or exceeding the NQS. The term 'discuss' is used in the Guide to the National Quality Framework to provide opportunities for respectful two-way conversations between authorised officers and the educators or service leaders to identify examples of quality practice that align with the NQS.
Here are four practical tips to assist you in articulating practice during your service's Assessment and Rating visit:
Tip 1 – Build knowledge
Support your educators to build on and become confident in their knowledge of the NQS, the relevant Approved Learning Framework/s and your Quality Improvement Plan. Hold regular meetings, reflective sessions and, if relevant, professional development workshops to discuss these topics.
A good working knowledge of these fundamentals is a basis for providing quality outcomes for the children in the service and their families. This knowledge will, in turn, provide educators with the ability to look at practices in the service and articulate them in the context of these documents.
Tip 2 – Practice articulating practice!
Start talking about the service philosophy and how it informs decisions, along with discussing the 'what', 'how' and especially the 'why' of practices. Talk to your families, children, each other, management and the community.
Team meetings are a good opportunity to have these discussions with other educators and it can be useful to add 'quality practice' and 'reflective practice' as regular agenda items.
The reflective questions in the Guide to the NQF can be used to provoke discussions in these meetings. You can use techniques such as brainstorming or mind mapping to document what quality at your service looks like in a Standard or Element and to discuss how your service is performing.
Tip 3 – Ongoing self-assessment/walk in the Authorised Officer's shoes
Ongoing self-assessment against the NQS and related regulatory requirements drives continuous improvement and is essential to providing quality outcomes for children (Guide to the NQF, p.316).
As part of your self-assessment, identify what an authorised officer might observe, discuss or sight about the quality of your service practices and programs. To do this, "step into the authorised officer's shoes" and take a walk around your service or in your family day care (FDC) office and educators' homes.
As an example, let's look at what some of the 'discuss' items for QA 3 could include:
Element 3.1.1 Fit for purpose
- How the environment is planned and organised, taking into consideration the need for safe, yet challenging spaces.
- How FDC educators balance their family members' need for privacy with providing sufficient space for the children who are educated and cared for.
Element 3.1.2 Upkeep
- What regular safety checks are in place, as well as maintenance monitoring of the building and equipment.
Element 3.2.1 Inclusive environment
- How natural environments are valued at the service and plans for outdoor and indoor environments are given equal consideration.
Element 3.2.2 Resources support play-based learning
- How resources, materials and equipment are provided and arranged to support children's play, exploration and investigations
- The way in which children are invited to choose resources.
Element 3.2.3 Environmentally responsible
- How children and educators are supported to engage with and respect the natural environment on a regular basis.
Many more examples of what authorised officers may observe, discuss and sight for each of the quality areas are in the Guide to the NQF.
Tip 4 – Language
It is important to ensure that the language you and your educators use during a visit is both authentic and makes reference to the language of the NQS. This helps demonstrate familiarity with the NQS and will show the authorised officer your service's commitment to quality outcomes.
It can also be helpful to practice discussing your approach with words that emphasise the importance of children and families at your service and show collaboration, for example, using phrases such as:
- "Together with the children we discussed…."
- "Families were able to share their thoughts through…"
- "After the team reflected on this feedback we changed the way we…"
- "The children share their ideas by…"
- "The children and educators reflected on…..and together decided…"
- "Children and families are able to have input into decisions about…through…"
Confident and effective articulation of practice at your service's assessment and rating visit is an attainable goal. An investment of time and the ongoing commitment of the entire team is certain to reap benefits.


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Tennessee Heritage: Soldiers Monument founders' families' assistance needed10:18 am | October 15, 2012
In our last column, we wrote about the building of our Soldiers Monument in the courthouse square; the question then arose about the identity of the primary people involved in the project.
This led to further research about the monument, and we learned there are inscriptions on the north face of the obelisk. The one highest up on the structure says, "In memory of Mary Patton who made the powder that fought the Kings Mountain battle. Placed by her great-grandson, T.Y. Patton."
Most Carter Countians will remember that Mary McKeehan Patton was an early settler, and according to the Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture:
"Mary McKeehan Patton, pioneer gunpowder manufacturer, was born in England in 1751 and immigrated with her family to Pennsylvania in the late 1760s. McKeehan served an apprenticeship, possibly under her father, David McKeehan, and learned the art of gunpowder making. In 1772 she married John Patton, an Irish immigrant, who served as a private in the Pennsylvania militia early in the American Revolution. The Pattons manufactured gunpowder in the Cumberland County region of Pennsylvania. Following the birth of two children, the couple sold their Carlisle powder mill for cash and migrated to the Overmountain region of North Carolina, now East Tennessee. With the help of family friend Andrew Taylor, they established a mill on what became known as Powder Branch, adjacent to the Taylor homeplace. Patton earned her place in history by providing over five hundred pounds of gunpowder to the 850 Overmountain Men led by Isaac Shelby and William Campbell for the battle of Kings Mountain during the Revolutionary War. Essential to the victory over Major Patrick Ferguson's British troops was Patton's gunpowder … On December 15, 1836, Mary Patton died and was buried in Patton-Simmons Cemetery near … [near Milligan College] The family tradition of gunpowder manufacturing continued until after the Civil War, when the powder mill was sold."
She continued to make powder for many years, and furnished it to people as far away as South Carolina, for $1 per pound. During those years, land often sold for 50 cents up to $1 an acre and she tried to acquire new property every time she sold a load of gunpowder. It has been reported that, at the time of her death, she owned more than 3,000 acres of land!
The local chapter of the DAR is named for her, and that organization has published the following information:
"Chapter Name – Its History & Significance: Mary McKeehan Patton (_PHONE_) Gunpowder Maker – Mary Patton was an early settler who came to the area presently in Carter County with her husband, John. She had learned how to make gun powder as an apprentice in England. When Nathaniel Taylor, who had married Mary's cousin, settled in Carter County, he built a powder mill. Here Mary Patton worked making gun powder … The Overmountain Men are justly famed for their rugged strength in marching and their unrelenting courage in fighting and winning the critical battle of Kings Mountain. Yet, without the skill of a woman, their task could never have been completed. On September 24,1780, when the men departed to fight the British at the Battle of Kings Mountain, it was Mary who furnished the vital 500 pounds of gunpowder from her mill. The men planned a surprise attack on the British to prevent the British from coming across the mountains and raiding Watauga and the other settlements. The mountain men defeated the British at Kings Mountain and returned to Watauga to protect their homes and families from the British and the Indians. She continued to make powder for many years, furnishing the necessity to folks living as far away as South Carolina."
When Mary Patton died on Dec. 15, 1836, she was buried on a hillside overlooking the beautiful hills where she had lived for 60 years. The Patton-Simmons Cemetery holds her remains, which lie under a large memorial stone erected by her descendants. The epitaph says: "One of that heroic band who established a civilization in the wilderness. She made the powder used by John Sevier's troops in the Battle of Kings Mountain."
Many years later, when this area was occupied during the Civil War by the Confederate Army, many devices were conceived and resorted to in order to deceive the CSA soldiers and to protect Union men. As related in the History of the TN 13th Volunteer Cavalry: "In what was known as the Patton Settlement, T.Y. Patton dug a square hole in his yard, covered it with puncheons and made a trapdoor to it. Over this he placed brush or branches of trees. Here he concealed refugees for days at a time without any one suspecting their presence." As her great-grandson, one can see why Mr. Patton wanted to dedicate part of the Soldiers Monument to Ms. Mary. If you go there to see the inscription, you will note that is quite high off the ground, probably elevated at 12 to 15 feet.
In the north-facing box immediately below the dedication to Ms. Mary, appears the following inscription: "Built in honor of all soldiers of Carter County in all the wars from the revolution down to this date, 1912. By building committee – D.P. Wilcox, First Lieut., Company H, 2nd Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, War 1861; G.W. Emmert, First Lieut. Company H, 13th Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry; J.G. Burchfield, Cpl. Company G, 13th Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry; E.C. Cass, First Sgt. Spanish-American War and C.R. Hathaway, Cpl. Company D, Third Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, Spanish-American War."
The early readers of this column may remember that we said state and local history was best presented when covering "Who were these people and why were they doing the things they did?" So, having once learned who the primary movers behind the Soldiers Monument project were, curiosity led us to find out more about them than just their names.
In our next column, we will impart the little knowledge we have gained on these men, but at this point we have exhausted our current research, and we would have a much more interesting column next week if all readers who are related to Messrs. Wilcox, Emmert, Burchfield, Cass and/or Hathaway will furnish us with any information beyond that presented in their military service records, most of which we located. We would like to gather any personal information you may have; even just oral tradition within the family will do! Also, it is especially odd that we have been able to find very little personal information on Mr. Burchfield, as the news and committee reports indicate that he was very active in this effort.
We hope our readers can fill in the missing knowledge about the founders of our century-old Soldiers Monument … Please mail your comments to: Judge Earl R. Hendry, POB 220, Roan Mountain, TN 37687.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


02017nas a2200253 4500008004100000245005400041210005200095300001000147490000700157520133500164653001701499653001001516653002101526653000901547653002101556653000901577653001601586100001601602700001801618700001601636700001601652700002001668856007501688 2004 eng d 00 aBirds of the Kermadec Islands, South-west Pacific 0 aBirds of the Kermadec Islands Southwest Pacific a61-90 0 v51 3 aBirds recorded on the Kermadec Islands, south-west Pacific, between 1967 and 1998 are summarised. Population estimates and distributions are given for the 24 breeding species. Brown noddy (Anous stolidus) is recorded breeding there for the first time. Information on breeding chronology for most breeding species is presented. Sightings of 53 non-breeding and vagrant species are summarised; 24 of these were new records since the last comprehensive review was published in 1970. The total bird list for the Kermadec Islands is now 80 species, including records of giant petrels (Macronectes), frigatebirds (Fregata) and oystercatchers (Haematopus) not identified to species. A further 16 species are included in a suspense list. The Kermadec Islands have only seven indigenous land birds, but retain a diverse seabird fauna, very similar to those of Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands. The land birds and seabirds of the largest island (Raoul) have been decimated by introduced cats (Felis catus) and rats (Rattus exulans, R. norvegicus). Introduced goats (Capra hircus) (since eradicated) drastically modified the vegetation of Raoul and Macauley Islands, and this also affected some bird species. Recommendations for restoration of the avifauna of these two islands are given. 10 abiogeography 10 abirds 10 abreeding ecology 10 acats 10 aKermadec Islands 10 arats 10 arestoration 1 aVeitch, C R 1 aMiskelly, C M 1 aHarper, G A 1 aTaylor, G A 1 aTennyson, A J D uhttps://notornis.osnz.org.nz/birds-kermadec-islands-south-west-pacific


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To provide scientists with automated and intelligent fluidic instrumentation by focusing on analytical solutions – not just products.
FIAlab Instruments is a leading manufacturer of flow injection analysis (FIA) and sequential injection analysis (SIA) instrumentation. These instruments are used to automate and streamline many liquid-handling procedures. Our instruments are mostly used for environmental and agricultural analysis. However, research departments and industries ranging from fertilizer to semiconductor manufacturing have found our instruments vital to their operations. Other applications include on-line process monitoring and sensor development.
Beyond instrumentation, FIAlab also specializes in software development – including custom work. We realize that quality software is just as important as quality hardware. We have developed software that takes full advantage of the dynamic capabilities of FIA and SIA. These programs are revolutionarily powerful and, most importantly, easy to learn and use.
Fluidics Intelligently Automated
Flow injection analysis and sequential injection analysis technologies provide essential and unique solutions to many problems scientists face when dealing with precise liquid-handling procedures. By combining our instruments with powerful software, we can solve many of these problems. FIAlab's technologies can greatly increase the productivity and efficiency of laboratories across the world.
More Than an Instrument
Your laboratory deserves more than a measurement device when purchasing a new instrument. You deserve a solution backed by support and software to maximize its potential. We understand this and strive to deliver solutions - not just products.
With that in mind, our instruments come backed with cutting-edge software, dependable service, and a team of support experts.
Going Beyond The Production Line
There are many times when a standard product does not cut it. We are willing to build custom solutions for your analytical needs. Our analyzers and software are all constructed in-house, allowing us to quickly and effectively create customized solutions to meet your analytical needs. So whether that is method development, software design, or product modification, we will work with you to accomplish your goals. Past projects include detailed software re-writes, custom analyzer builds, and advanced process-monitoring systems.
FIAlab Instruments has perhaps the strongest roots in flow injection out there. The inventor of these techniques founded FIAlab in 1987. For over 30 years now, we have remained on the cutting-edge of these techniques and have significantly improved these technologies. We have also used sequential injection technology for many years. Not many companies can provide the SIA solutions we have developed since FIAlab's early years.
Why Use Flow Injection
Flow injection analysis was first invented for agronomists. They needed to test their crops and soil in great numbers during the busy seasons– greater than what traditional manual assays could handle.
Along those same lines, our flow analyzers are practical for anyone seeking:
- Higher sample throughputs
- Automated analytical instrumentation
- Replacements for manual methods to save time and labor
- Precise and replicable data
- Reliable standard operating procedures
- Top-notch software
- Complete solutions for analytical needs
What is Flow Injection Analysis?
Flow injection analysis (FIA) is a technique for automating wet chemistry by pumping small volumes of samples and reagents through a flow stream in an organized, systematic way. Reagents and sample mix in this stream creating a chemical reaction. These chemistries are usually colorimetric - meaning a color develops as a result of the sample and reagents mixing. These reactions are positively correlated: more color development signifies that more analyte is present. This change in color is then detected by any variety of spectrometry or absorbance measurements. The greater the absorbance value, the greater color development. There are also FIA methods that utilize turbidimetric measurements. Instead of a color developing in the flow stream as one observes in colorimetric reactions, a precipitate is formed. This is called turbidity. The turbidity can also be measured using spectroscopy.
In order to calculate the concentration of unknown samples, a calibration curve must first be constructed using standards of known concentrations. By comparing the response or absorbance values of these standards to that of unknown samples, one can accurately calculate the concentration of unknown samples. A linear or quadratic formula is created from known standards and the responses of unknown samples are plotted against this to calculate the unknown concentrations. A typical calibration curve will encompass the full range of possible unknown values.
There are four main components on a FIA analyzer. These are the peristaltic pump, the selector valve, the mixing manifold, and the detector.
The peristaltic pump is the driving force of an FIA instrument. This pump will drive reagent and samples through the entire system. These pumps have "lines". Each line leads to a single reagent or sample. Most FIA methods utilize four lines: sample, carrier, reagent one and reagent two. Current technologies have allowed these pumps to be extremely efficient and smooth. Peristaltic pumps in the past have been wasteful and jumpy. FIAlab only chooses pumps that do not pulsate or use excess reagent. This significantly calms baseline noise and reduces waste production.
The selector valve is a critical component in an FIA system. As the autosampler probe travels from sample to sample, it enters and leaves liquid. All the while, the peristaltic pump continues to run. The pump draws air as the probe is out of solution, and air travels toward the FIA system. The selector valve is what allows air to bypass the system. It directs collected air to waste and then injects pure sample into the flow stream. As a result, you do not have to deal with problematic air bubbles and the throughput of the analysis is greatly increased. The use of a selector valve distinguishes FIA from segmented flow analysis (SFA) where air bubbles are left to flow through the system.
It is important in FIA methods that reagents and sample mix in a step-wise and systematic fashion. The mixing manifold acts as the crossroads for reagents and samples. For example, you must first react reagent one with sample and allow time for these solutions to mix before introducing sample to reagent two. Without doing so, you will not have a proper chemical reaction and no measurable colorimetric reaction will take place. FIAlab has created the smallest, most efficient mixing manifold on the market. We call it the Lab-On-Valve. This manifold is the reason why our analyzers are also the smallest on the market.
The last part of an FIA system is the detector unit. This is comprised of a light source, a flow cell, a spectrometer, and fiber optic cables to connect these components together. A spectrometer measures absorbance over time. But, it can only do that if it has a consistent flow of light - that is why a light source is included in all FIA systems. The flow cell sits between the light source and the spectrometer. A flow cell has four ports - each connected to one other. Two ports are allocated for the entry and exit of solution. The other two ports are directly across from each other creating what we call the "optical path". These ports are water-tight and connect to the fibers. One fiber leads to the light source and the other leads to the spectrometer. This configuration allows for the light source to shoot light to the spectrometer as the colored sample passes through the optical path and eventually to waste. That is the exact moment when absorbance readings are taken by the spectrometer.
FIAlab is the only FIA manufacturer to utilize a spectrometer. Most instruments will use a photodiode. A spectrometer allows for the end user to utilize the full spectrum of light which makes a FIAlab analyzer more useful, versatile, and easy-to-use.
Who uses flow injection analysis:
Anyone that needs to automate wet chemistry will likely utilize flow injection analysis. Applications that prioritize throughput and automation will find FIA analyzers especially useful. Labs dealing with agricultural, environmental, pharmaceutical, and industrial analysis use these instruments. Common applications include the analysis of inorganics or nutrients in soil, water, wastewater, drinking water, and fertilizer.
FIAlab also specializes in a technology called Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA). This technology is perfect for automating applications that require precise and small reagent consumption. This technology is especially useful in the biopharmaceutical space.


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The story of the statue from Rapa Nui (Easter Island), £5.00
Explore / Online Tours
Power and Taboo: sacred objects from the Pacific
Wooden human figure
The British Museum's unparalleled collection of art and artefacts from the eastern Pacific has continued to provide inspiration to both Polynesian and European artists and poets as well as researchers. This wooden figure was a favourite of English sculptor Henry Moore who was a frequent visitor to the Museum.
The figure was described in the account of Captain Cook's third voyage (1776-80) to the region, published after Cook's death. In 1779 members of the expedition visited Hale-o-Keawe, the royal mausoleum, at Honaunau, Hawaii. They saw a figure, now believed to be this one: '... a black figure of a man resting on his fingers and toes, with his head inclined backwards; the limbs well formed and exactly proportioned, the whole beautifully polished... and around it placed thirteen others of rude and distorted shapes...'.
Hale-o-Keawe was also visited by the crew of HMS Blonde, commanded by Captain Lord Byron. Andrew Bloxam, their naturalist, wrote that this figure was used by the kings to rest upon before making a sacrifice as part of worship. He describes the removal of artefacts in 1824, which were transported to England. This figure was among them.


Contents Page-10 Prev Next Page+10 Index
Example of Structure Reference
Given the preceding declarations, the reference
would be processed as follows:
Reference Expression Type
people[i] aref(people, (i-1)*32) person
= aref(people, -32 + i*32)
.birth aref(people, (i-1)*32+16) date
= aref(people, -16 + i*32)
.day aref(people, (i-1)*32+16+4) 1..31
= aref(people, -12 + i*32)
It is useful to think of structure descriptions in nested Lisp-like form. For example, the preceding declarations would yield the following type for the array people:
(ARRAY (.. 1 100)
 (SS INTEGER)
 (BIRTH (RECORD
 (MO (.. 1 12))
 (DAY (.. 1 31))
 (YEAR INTEGER)))))


Network restrictions for service hardening
(This is part 5 of our series of posts on service hardening.)
Last but not least a service can be (and should be) configured to have network restrictions with what is called the "Windows Service Hardening" rules in the Windows SDK (we'll call those WSH rules for short). As a service developer, it is your responsibility to setup those rules during the installation and configuration of your service. Why? Because you know what network access (if any) your service needs, and by setting up WSH rules you can make sure your service will only get access to network ports and protocols it needs, thus contributing to the overall defense of the system and the environment.
What is different with those WSH network rules and, let's say, the Windows Firewall with Advanced Firewall Security rules? Well, technically, it is reasonable to think that the WSH are evaluated and enforced by Windows Vista integrated firewall. However, from a functional standpoint, they are totally independent and separate:
· Once defined, WSH rules for your service are en forced no matter what the firewall configuration may be. The administrator may have turned off all firewalls, yet this won't affect the WSH rules that you have setup.

· WSH network restrictions rules can only be used to restrict access, they cannot in any way grant access to a network resource that would not already be allowed by the firewall. WSH rules are evaluated first, before those of the firewall.

· WSH rules cannot be configured with the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security administration tools such as the WF.msc MMC snap-in or netsh. They can only be defined with the API. So once your service has been installed and the WSH rules put in place, there is no way (short of programming or scripting) an administrator may change them while administering the firewall.

As a service developer for Windows Vista and Longhorn server, it is a best practice to take advantage of the service network restriction mechanism and setup the WSH rules for your service. In addition, the network resources that your service needs should be documented so that the IT folks in charge of a deployment can configure the firewall accordingly.
To define WSH rules, one uses the INetFwServiceRestriction interface which can be used from C++ code or VB scripts. Calling the RestrictService method with the restrictService parameter set to TRUE creates two rules that will block all inbound and outbound network communication for your service. This is what the following script would do:
' Create the FwPolicy2 object.
Dim fwPolicy2
Set fwPolicy2 = CreateObject("HNetCfg.FwPolicy2")

' Get the Service Restriction object for the local firewall policy.
Dim ServiceRestriction
Set ServiceRestriction = fwPolicy2.ServiceRestriction

' Restrict a service
ServiceRestriction.RestrictService ServiceName, ProgramName, TRUE, FALSE

Those two rules can be seen in the WSH rules section of the registry (HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SharedAccess\Parameters\FirewallPolicy\RestrictedServices\Configurable\System):
v2.0|Action=Block|Active=TRUE|Dir=Out|App=c:\mysvc\mysvc.exe|Svc=mysvc|Name=Outbound service restriction rule for mysvc|Desc=Block all outbound traffic from service mysvc|Edge=FALSE|

v2.0|Action=Block|Active=TRUE|Dir=In|App=c:\mysvc\mysvc.exe|Svc=mysvc|Name=Inbound service restriction rule for mysvc|Desc=Block all inbound traffic to service mysvc|Edge=FALSE|

Notice that those rules refer to the service specifically (by its short name) and affect only the service (and not other software components). Per-service SID (see our previous posts on service hardening) and WSH network restriction rules go hand in hand. If your service does not already have a per-service SID, the RestrictService API will configure it to have one. In addition, if your service is to be run write-restricted, you can set the serviceSidRestricted parameter to TRUE. This is convenient as it saves you from having to call ChangeServiceConfig2.
Imagine now that your service needs outbound network access on TCP port 8080, you can define the appropriate rules with the INetFwRule interface. The following script (in addition to the previous one would) would restrict the service for outbound communication on that port and protocol only:
Dim CurrentRule
set CurrentRule = CreateObject("HNetCfg.FwRule")
CurrentRule.Name = "MySvc network restriction"
CurrentRule.ApplicationName = ProgramName
CurrentRule.ServiceName = ServiceName
CurrentRule.Protocol = 6
CurrentRule.RemotePorts = 8080
CurrentRule.Direction = NET_FW_RULE_DIR_OUT
CurrentRule.Enabled = TRUE

ServiceRestriction.Rules.Add CurrentRule
The corresponding WSH service network restriction rules in the registry would be:
v2.0|Action=Allow|Active=TRUE|Dir=Out|Protocol=6|RPort=8080|App=c:\mysvc\mysvc.exe|Svc=mysvc|Name=Allow mysvc (c:\mysvc\mysvc.exe) outbound on port 8080|Edge=FALSE|

v2.0|Action=Block|Active=TRUE|Dir=Out|App=c:\mysvc\mysvc.exe|Svc=mysvc|Name=Outbound service restriction rule for mysvc|Desc=Block all outbound traffic from service mysvc|Edge=FALSE|

v2.0|Action=Block|Active=TRUE|Dir=In|App=c:\mysvc\mysvc.exe|Svc=mysvc|Name=Inbound service restriction rule for mysvc|Desc=Block all inbound traffic to service mysvc|Edge=FALSE|

What about Windows Vista native services? Well most of them have their own network restriction rules. Actually, the INetFwServiceRestriction and INetFwRule APIs cannot be used to configure restrictions for the OS native services. So network restrictions for native services are something fully static. It is configured once for all at the OS install (development?) time and cannot be changed. You may notice that while WSH rules are stored in the RestrictedServices\Configurable subkey, Windows Vista native services network restriction rules are stored separately in RestrictedServices\Static subkey.
Comments (3)
 1. barkills says:
 The registry path noted above is incorrect. The correct path is: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesSharedAccessParametersFirewallPolicyFirewallRules
 2. barkills says:
 Hm … seems that this technet blog platform has a bug where it truncates after a certain number of characters as a single "word". So I'll arbitrarily split up the correct path below–remove all white spaces in the path below to get the correct path. 🙂
 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlSet Services SharedAccess Parameters FirewallPolicy FirewallRules
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NewsNational News
What are the odds? Statistics professor wins lottery
Posted at 10:37 AM, Nov 11, 2016
and last updated 2016-11-11 10:37:15-05
FAIRFIELD, Connecticut -- What are the chances that a statistics professor would end up winning the lottery?
Nicholas Kapoor, who teaches students in his accelerated statistics class at Fairfield University about probability, would definitely know the answer. But now, he doesn't only know the math solution--he knows the real-life chances.
Kapoor recently won $100,000 playing the lottery!
"I try to bring as many real-life examples into my classroom as possible because these kids need to be ready to compete with the entire world, so I try to make sure in my classroom what they're learning can be applied to the real world, "Kapoor said. "One way to do that is to talk about things that happen in real life and one of them is the lottery."
He said he teaches students about winning the Powerball, so now that his quick-pick ticket won he's going to try to incorporate that into his lesson plans.
He said he'll still continue to play the lottery about once a week.
Kapoor said he doesn't want to touch his earnings until next year, and he may use his prize money to go on a trip.


text:
Local Climate Analysis Tool (LCAT)
The Local Climate Analysis Tool (LCAT) helps advanced users identify and predict climate-related impacts on water and weather at a local level. Originally developed to support National Weather Service field offices, LCAT offers data-driven answers to climate-related questions. The tool links local weather and water events to signals in the climate system, providing information about how climate variability and change contribute to local climate trends. This local-to-national perspective on climate can show the effect of climate variability and change on temperature and precipitation in your community in recent decades, and how those trends may continue into the future. LCAT enables users to dive all the way into data from individual weather stations or zoom out to larger regions.
LCAT is a public tool that targets technical users from NOAA, members of other government agencies, and academic partners. Registration is required.


Question: Do Saltwater Crocodiles Eat Sharks?
Can a lion kill a crocodile?
The protective females instinctively leapt into action to fend off the aggressive predator..
What animal can kill an elephant?
Do sharks attack saltwater crocodiles?
Nifong also scoured the literature for accounts of sharks clashing with other crocodilians. … But in many cases the crocodilians were the prey, from great white sharks preying on American crocodiles in Colombia, to tiger sharks eating estuarine crocodiles in Australia.
Why do crocodiles eat humans?
Which animal can kill tiger?
Why do crocodiles cry?
Can a crocodile kill an elephant?
Although elephants are very unusual prey for Nile crocodiles, the 20-foot-long (6-meter-long) reptiles will occasionally ambush and take down large animals—including dozens of people annually, experts say. (Related: "Ancient Horned Crocodile Found—Ate Early Humans?")
Can a killer whale kill a great white shark?
In October 1997, tourists in a whale-watching boat off the Farallon Islands, near San Francisco, witnessed two killer whales attack a great white shark and consume its liver. It was, at that time, the first documented sighting of killer whales eating white sharks.
Do crocodiles swim in the ocean?
Although the crocodiles spend most of their life in salt water, they are not considered marine animals as they rely on land for food and water.
Do saltwater crocodiles eat humans?
What animal kills the most humans per year?
Is it safe to swim with alligators?
How do you kill a crocodile?
Can a great white shark kill a saltwater crocodile?
Keep in mind, the bull sharks are significantly smaller than the crocodiles, and live closer to land. A similar sized Great White would be a much harder prey in deeper water, and combined with its speed and bite, the Shark may even kill the Crocodile instantly. Therefore, Shark wins, at parity.
Can a crocodile kill a tiger?
What is the deadliest animal in the world?
How do Crocodiles kill humans?
Historically, crocodile attacks are 100 times deadlier than shark attacks—and far more frequent—ranging from harrowing individual confrontations to a mass attack on World War II soldiers. A crocodile's jaw crushes down on its victim with 3,700 pounds per square inch of force.
Are Crocodiles worse than sharks?
But according to wildlife ecologist James Perran Ross of the University of Florida, officials estimate that crocs kill about 1,000 people per year — 100 times more than the 10 people sharks kill per year. Here's why crocodiles are much deadlier than sharks. … Crocodiles attack to kill and will pretty much eat anything.
Are there saltwater crocodiles in America?
What animals eat humans?
Do saltwater crocodiles have any predators?
Though they have few natural predators, saltwater crocodiles have been hunted for many decades by people. Their eggs and meat are eaten, and their skin is particularly valuable for use as a material for bags, shoes, and other goods.


text:
What are the dimensions of the minimum cost to enclose 120 square feet?
A rectangular plot of land is to be fenced in using two kinds of fencing. Three sides will use fencing $4 a foot, while the remaining side use fencing $12 a foot.
x = length of the rectangle
y = width of the rectangle
C= total cost of the fence.
The equation for the cost is:
'C = 4(x+x+y) + 12y = 4(2x+y) + 12y = 8x + 4y + 12y'
'C= 8x + 16y'
Then, we need to express the right side as one variable. To do so, we are going to use the given area of the rectangle.
'120 = xy'
'120/x = y'
Substitute this to the cost equation.
'C = 8x + 12y = 8x + 16(120/x) '
'C= 8x + 1920/x'
Then, take the derivative of C.
'C' = 8x -1920/x^2'
'C' = (8x^2 - 1920)/x^2'
Set C' to zero. Solve for x.
'0 = (8x^2 - 1920)/x^2'
'0 = 8x^2-1920'
'0 = x^2 - 240'
'240 = x^2'
'+-sqrt240 = x'
'+-4sqrt15 = x'
Since x represent a dimension, take only the positive value.
'x = 4sqrt 15'
Substitute the value of x to y=120/x .
'y = 120/(4sqrt15) = 30/sqrt15 = (30sqrt15)/15 = 2sqrt15'
Hence the dimensions of the rectangular plot are:
Length = '4sqrt15 = 15.49 ft'
Width = '2sqrt15 = 7.75 ft.'


text:
¬C) are true. The law of excluded middle is the thesis that for all propositions p, p ∨ ¬p is true. If the Uniqueness Assumption is true, then for every antecedent A, there is a uniquely closest world where A is true. If the law of excluded middle is true, any consequent C is either true or false at that world where A is true. So for every counterfactual A > C, either A > C or A > ¬C is true. This is called conditional excluded middle (CEM). Consider the following example:
- (1) If the coin had been flipped, it would have landed heads.
- (2) If the coin had been flipped, it would have landed tails (i.e. not heads).
On Stalnaker's analysis, there is a closest world where the coin mentioned in (1) and (2) is flipped and at that world either it lands heads or it lands tails. So either (1) is true and (2) is false or (1) is false and (2) true. On Lewis's analysis, however, both (1) and (2) are false, for the worlds where the coin lands heads are no more or less close than the worlds where they land tails. For Lewis, 'If the coin had been flipped, it would have landed heads or tails' is true, but this does not entail that 'If the coin had been flipped, it would have landed heads, or: If the coin had been flipped it would have landed tails.'
Other accounts
Counterfactual conditionals may also be evaluated using the so-called Ramsey test: A > B holds if and only if the addition of A to the current body of knowledge has B as a consequence. This condition relates counterfactual conditionals to belief revision, as the evaluation of A > B can be done by first revising the current knowledge with A and then checking whether B is true in what results. Revising is easy when A is consistent with the current beliefs, but can be hard otherwise. Every semantics for belief revision can be used for evaluating conditional statements. Conversely, every method for evaluating conditionals can be seen as a way for performing revision.
Ginsberg (1986) has proposed a semantics for conditionals which assumes that the current beliefs form a set of propositional formulae, considering the maximal sets of these formulae that are consistent with A, and adding A to each. The rationale is that each of these maximal sets represents a possible state of belief in which A is true that is as similar as possible to the original one. The conditional statement A > B therefore holds if and only if B is true in all such sets.
Within empirical testing
The counterfactual conditional is the basis of experimental methods for establishing causality in the natural and social sciences, e.g., whether taking antibiotics helps cure bacterial infection. For every individual, u, there is a function that specifies the state of u's infection under two hypothetical conditions: had u taken antibiotic and had u not taken antibiotic. Only one of these states can be observed in any instance, since they are mutually exclusive. The overall effect of antibiotic on infection is defined as the difference between these two states, averaged over the entire population. If the treatment and control groups are selected at random, the effect of antibiotic can be estimated by comparing the rates of recovery in the two groups.
The tight connection between causal and counterfactual relations has prompted Judea Pearl (2000) to reject both the possible world semantics and those of Ramsey and Ginsberg. The latter was rejected because causal information cannot be encoded as a set of beliefs, and the former because it is difficult to fine-tune Lewis's similarity measure to match causal intuition. Pearl defines counterfactuals directly in terms of a "structural equation model" -- a set of equations, in which each variable is assigned a value that is an explicit function of other variables in the system. Given such a model, the sentence "Y would be y had X been x" (formally, X = x > Y = y ) is defined as the assertion: If we replace the equation currently determining X with a constant X = x, and solve the set of equations for variable Y, the solution obtained will be Y = y. This definition has been shown to be compatible with the axioms of possible world semantics and forms the basis for causal inference in the natural and social sciences, since each structural equation in those domains corresponds to a familiar causal mechanism that can be meaningfully reasoned about by investigators.
See also
- English conditional sentences
- Indicative conditional
- Irrealis moods
- Logical consequence
- Material conditional
- Optative mood
- Principle of explosion
- Subjunctive mood
- Thought experiment
- Possible world semantics
- Bennett, Jonathan. (2003). A Philosophical Guide to Conditionals. Oxford University Press.
- Bonevac, D. (2003). Deduction, Introductory Symbolic Logic. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishers.
- Byrne, R.M.J. (2005). The rational imagination: how people create alternatives to reality. Cambridge, M.A.: MIT Press.
- Byrne, R.M.J. & Tasso, A. (1999). Deductive reasoning with factual, possible, and counterfactual conditionals. Memory & Cognition. 27, 726-740.
- De Vega, M., Urrutia, M., Riffo, B. (2007). Canceling updating in the comprehension of counterfactuals embedded in narrative. Memory & Cognition, 35, _PHONE_.
- Edgington, Dorothy. (2001). "Conditionals". In Goble, Lou, ed., The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic. Blackwell.
- Edgington, Dorothy. (2006). "Conditionals". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward Zalta (ed.).
- Ferguson, H.J. and Sanford, A.J. (2008) Anomalies in real and counterfactual worlds: an eye-movement investigation. J. Mem. Lang. 58, 609-626.
- Fillenbaum, S. (1974). Information amplified: memory for counterfactual conditionals. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 44-49.
- Johnson-Laird, P.N. and Byrne, R.M.J. (1991). Deduction. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Morgan, Stephen L. and Christopher Winship. (2007). " Counterfactuals and Causal Inference: Methods and Principles of Social Research". Cambridge Eprint.
- Ginsberg, M. L. (1986). "Counterfactuals". Artificial Intelligence, 30: 35-79.
- Lewis, David. (1973). Counterfactuals. Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-22425-4
- Santamaria, C., Espino, O. and Byrne, R.M.J. (2005). Counterfactual and semifactual conditionals prime alternative possibilities. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory and Cognition. 31, 1149–1154
- Thompson, V. and Byrne, R.M.J. (2002). Reasoning about things that didn't happen. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 28, _PHONE_.


Catholic abstinence from meat on fridays
What happens if a Catholic eat meat on Friday?
1. The Catholic Church considers it a sin to eat meat on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday and the Fridays during Lent. If a practicing Catholic were to knowingly eat meat on those days it is considered a mortal sin. If a practicing Catholic were to knowingly eat meat on those days it is considered a mortal sin.
When did the Catholic Church start no meat on Fridays?
Do Protestants eat meat on Fridays during Lent?
Adult Catholics are expected to fast (usually defined as eating one meal a day) on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday * and to abstain from eating meat on each Friday in Lent and on Ash Wednesday. Protestants remained conflicted about Lent into the 20th century.
Do priests eat meat on Fridays?
Traditionally members of the Roman Catholic faith abstained from eating red meat on Fridays as part of a penance to mark the day of Christ's death. Catholics are therefore being asked to abstain from eating meat on all Fridays, while vegetarians are being advised to abstain from another sort of food that day.
Does the Bible say no meat on Fridays?
The Bible nowhere mentions abstaining from meat on Friday, or any other day for that matter. It id's what is commonly referred to as a tradition of men, or church authority. It was supposed to be "observed" during the 40 days of lent.
Can Catholics get tattoos?
The Pope has backed tattoos, saying they can help build communities. At a meeting with young people ahead of an upcoming Synod of Catholic bishops, Pope Francis told them "don't be afraid of tattoos ". He said that while in some cases the number of tattoos were "exaggerated", they could also be a symbol of faith.
You might be interested: Good friday catholic rules
Which Pope said no meat on Friday?
Pope Paul VI
Why do we not eat meat on Fridays during Lent?
Meat was seen as a worthy sacrifice as it was linked with feasts and celebrations. Fridays were seen as a day of penance so eating meat on a Friday to "celebrate" the death of Jesus didn't sit well with the Church.
Why is fish not considered meat in the Catholic Church?
According to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, abstinence laws say meat is considered something that comes only from animals that live on land, like chicken, cows, sheep or pigs. Fish are considered a different category of animal. Meat has always been associated with luxury, celebration and feast.
Why is fish not considered a meat?
Is lent just a Catholic thing?
This event is observed in the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Methodist, Moravian, Presbyterian, Oriental Orthodox, Reformed, and Roman Catholic Churches. Some Anabaptist and evangelical churches also observe the Lenten season. The last week of Lent is Holy Week, starting with Palm Sunday.
Can Catholics marry non Catholics?
You might be interested: Catholic saints and meanings
Can you eat meat today if your Catholic?
Current Church Law Regarding Abstinence On Ash Wednesday and all of the Fridays of Lent, Catholics over the age of 14 are required to abstain from meat and from foods made with meat. Many Catholics don't realize that Church still recommends abstinence on all Fridays of the year, not just during Lent.
Why do we not eat meat on Ash Wednesday?
The reason Catholics do not eat meat on Ash Wednesday and on the Fridays of Lent is because abstaining from meat or fasting from food in general is a form of sacrifice. This reminds Catholics of the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross on Good Friday.
Can humans survive without meat?
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Catholic church abuse scandal
Catholic church near disney world


text:
Historically, the name for a weighing device is scales. It is plural because scales had two clear parts in which one thing was weighed against another. So, they looked like this:
Modern scales don't involve balancing things in two plates (photo from here):
(b)AmE has changed along with the scales, so that item (b) is usually called a bathroom scale, but scales is still used for the older kind. In BrE and AusE, however, it is still called scales, no matter whether it has two salient parts or not. When Anna Wierzbicka (Semantics: primes and universals) asked Australians why the word is plural, they answered that it was because there are lots of little numbers on the contraption. This seems to be a case of the word leading the thinking about an object. That is, because they say scales instead of scale, some people think about scales as being'made up' of little numbers because they need to make sense of the fact that this singular object gets a plural name. Wierzbicka also notes that Australian English has shifted from speaking of a pair of scales, to a set of scales (for (b)). There, it looks like the name scales was broadened to cover (b) as well as (a), but when people started to think of numbers (of which there are many) rather than the plates on which measurable bits are put (which come in pairs in (a)-type scales) as the 'plural' part of scales, they shifted to thinking of scales as sets, rather than pairs.
Hm, aren't you just dying to take a lexical semantics course now? Or at least in the market for a textbook? Hey, maybe I can get you a discount...


text:
Ask MAKE is a monthly column where we answer your questions. Send your vexing conundrums on any aspect of making to _EMAIL_. If we don't have the answer, we'll scare up somebody who does.
Non-archival paper that has yellowed over time.
In the post November is Paper Month, Susan asks:
What makes paper archival … or how long will it last?
Paper in it's normal state is naturally acidic, leading to eventual degradation. However, most paper made today is acid-free due to a couple of factors. The filler used in paper used to be China clay, whereas now it's chalk, which naturally has a high pH, making the paper pH neutral. It's also often treated with magnesium or calcium carbonate, giving the paper an alkaline surplus. This protects the paper from further acidification, such as from sulfur dioxide that occurs naturally in the air.
Acid-free paper has a projected lifespan of 500 to 1000 years, depending on quality. As grades of paper increase to "conservation grade", the standards become stricter. Lignin levels are kept below 1% in archival paper (lignin causes paper to become yellow and brittle over time).
True archival grade paper is made from a different material altogether — cotton rag. Used in documents of exceptional legal or historic value, cotton is significantly more durable over time at a neutral pH when compared to paper made from wood pulp.
I hope this answers your question, and all are welcome to contribute to the comments with additional information.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
How do I solve such an eqation? (I know how to solve Mx=n using gaussian elimination but I don't know how to handle 2 variables.
share|improve this question
If $x$ and $y$ are "unknown" vectors, there will almost always be infinitely many solutions. Is it that you want to find one non-trivial solution? – André Nicolas Feb 27 '12 at 14:15
yes, I want to find a non-trivial solution that minimizes the distance between Mx and Ny – user25843 Feb 27 '12 at 14:18
This link provides some ideas: cs.mtu.edu/~shene/COURSES/cs3621/NOTES/INT-APP/… – Emmad Kareem Feb 27 '12 at 15:22
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
It seems to me like you're trying to solve the least squares problem Mx-Ny=0, in other words find the vectors x,y that minimize the euclidean norm of the vector (Mx-Ny). Let's assume that your matrices are of dimensions M[rowsM][columnsM] and N[rowsN][columnsN],then your vectors would be of dimension x[columnsM] and y[columnsN]. Because the obvious solution to your problem is the trivial solution where y=x=0 you have to give either to x or y vector some constant value in order to compute the best approximation of the other one. This paper contains the basic about least squares approximation: Least squares approximation
Basically all you need is (assuming you initialize vector y): $\vec{x}=(M^{T}M)^{-1}M^{T}(N\vec{y})$ So by finding the inverse of $M^{T}M$ and performing some matrix computations you're done.
share|improve this answer
Thanks for your answer :) but still - I'm not sure that I understand: if you take x and assign it some constant vector, you'll then find the y which minimizes the distance to this specific x. But isn't is possible that there exist some other x and y that result in a smaller distance? – user25843 Feb 27 '12 at 15:29
Think of the simple 3 equations following: a1*x+b1*y=0 a2*x+b2*y=0 a3*x+b3*y=0 where a,b random constants.The only exact solution of this system is the trivial one x=y=0. When you assign y a constant value then, you can "compute" 3 different "solutions" for x by solving one of the 3 equations.Instead of that you compute one x value tha minimizes the sum of the quadratic errors in each equation so you find the best solution for the WHOLE system and not only one of the equations. It's the same principle with multiple variables->vectors.. – chemeng Feb 27 '12 at 15:30
I presume you know either $x$ or $y$. If $M$ and $N$ are large, then you should use the conjugate gradient method. Otherwise you can directly invert (or pseudo-invert) $M$ or $N$ as appropriate.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Thanks to a three-year, $585,000 grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Pace University is launching the new Writing for Diversity and Equity in Theater and Media Arts Fellows Program.
The initiative aims to develop diverse and inclusive voices in media and the performing arts by selecting undergraduate arts and humanities majors from underrepresented communities of color for a fellowship. The program will give students the tools and support needed to embark on sustainable careers as writers in the entertainment industry. Activities within the fellowship are set to include mentoring and guidance, networking opportunities, and access to industry professionals representative of intersectional diversity.
"In my own career I have seen a lack of diversity in the sciences, and in the media and entertainment industries," says Pace Provost Dr. Vanya Quiñones. "With the support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, this new program will help develop diverse voices by providing students with the necessary training to tell their own stories on our country's screens and stages."
"It is fitting that Pace University is leading the effort to have underrepresented communities gain their fair share of voice when it comes to the telling of their stories in mainstream film, television, plays and other media," adds Dyson College of Arts and Sciences Dean Dr. Nira Herrmann. "Our motto of Opportunitas speaks directly to providing our population of diverse students the education they need to be part of an important paradigm shift in how the media tells the stories of disenfranchised populations. We are thrilled that the Mellon Foundation is supporting this initiative."


text:
Definition of extravasate in English:
verb[with object] (usually as adjective extravasated) chiefly Medicine
Let or force out (a fluid, especially blood) from the vessel that contains it into the surrounding area: this established the presence of extravasated blood [no object]: some cells may extravasate and form secondary tumours
More example sentences
- Scattered areas of lymphocytic exocytosis and extravasated red blood cells within the superficial dermis and epidermis were also present.
- Aggressive angiomyxoma has extravasated red blood cells and thick-walled vessels, some of which may be large.
- The infant should be assessed for pallor, petechiae, extravasated blood, excessive bruising, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss, and evidence of dehydration.
- Example sentences
- Tumors show a spindle cell neoplasm with prominent extravasation.
- Purpura results from the extravasation of blood from the vasculature into the skin or mucous membranes.
- This pain is a potential warning sign of tissue damage and possible phlebitis or extravasation.
Pronunciation: /ɪkstravəˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɛkstravəˈseɪʃ(ə)n/noun
Definition of extravasate in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


return value of load functions as if it was a bool: if (doc.load_file("file.xml")) { … } else { … }. Otherwise you can use the status member to get parsing status, or the description() member function to get the status in a string form.
This is an example of handling loading errors (samples/load_error_handling.cpp):
pugi::xml_document doc;
pugi::xml_parse_result result = doc.load_string(source);
if (result)
 std::cout << "XML [" << source << "] parsed without errors, attr value: [" << doc.child("node").attribute("attr").value() << "]\n\n";
 std::cout << "XML [" << source << "] parsed with errors, attr value: [" << doc.child("node").attribute("attr").value() << "]\n";
 std::cout << "Error description: " << result.description() << "\n";
 std::cout << "Error offset: " << result.offset << " (error at [..." << (source + result.offset) << "]\n\n";
Sometimes XML data should be loaded from some other source than file, i.e. HTTP URL; also you may want to load XML data from file using non-standard functions, i.e. to use your virtual file system facilities or to load XML from gzip-compressed files. These scenarios either require loading document from memory, in which case you should prepare a contiguous memory block with all XML data and to pass it to one of buffer loading functions, or loading document from C++ IOstream, in which case you should provide an object which implements std::istream or std::wistream interface.
There are different functions for loading document from memory; they treat the passed buffer as either an immutable one (load_buffer), a mutable buffer which is owned by the caller (load_buffer_inplace), or a mutable buffer which ownership belongs to pugixml (load_buffer_inplace_own). There is also a simple helper function, xml_document::load, for cases when you want to load the XML document from null-terminated character string.
This is an example of loading XML document from memory using one of these functions (samples/load_memory.cpp); read the sample code for more examples:
const char source[] = "0 0 1 1";
size_t size = sizeof(source);
// You can use load_buffer_inplace to load document from mutable memory block; the block's lifetime must exceed that of document
char* buffer = new char[size];
memcpy(buffer, source, size);
// The block can be allocated by any method; the block is modified during parsing
pugi::xml_parse_result result = doc.load_buffer_inplace(buffer, size);
// You have to destroy the block yourself after the document is no longer used
delete[] buffer;
This is a simple example of loading XML document from file using streams (samples/load_stream.cpp); read the sample code for more complex examples involving wide streams and locales:
std::ifstream stream("weekly-utf-8.xml");
pugi::xml_parse_result result = doc.load(stream);
Accessing document data
pugixml features an extensive interface for getting various types of data from the document and for traversing the document. You can use various accessors to get node/attribute data, you can traverse the child node/attribute lists via accessors or iterators, you can do depth-first traversals with xml_tree_walker objects, and you can use XPath for complex data-driven queries.
You can get node or attribute name via name() accessor, and value via value() accessor. Note that both functions never return null pointers - they either return a string with the relevant content, or an empty string if name/value is absent or if the handle is null. Also there are two notable things for reading values:
 - It is common to store data as text contents of some node - i.e. This is a node. In this case, node does not have a value, but instead has a child of type node_pcdata with value "This is a node". pugixml provides child_value() and text() helper functions to parse such data.
 - In many cases attribute values have types that are not strings - i.e. an attribute may always contain values that should be treated as integers, despite the fact that they are represented as strings in XML. pugixml provides several accessors that convert attribute value to some other type.
This is an example of using these functions (samples/traverse_base.cpp):
for (pugi::xml_node tool = tools.child("Tool"); tool; tool = tool.next_sibling("Tool"))
 std::cout << "Tool " << tool.attribute("Filename").value();
 std::cout << ": AllowRemote " << tool.attribute("AllowRemote").as_bool();
 std::cout << ", Timeout " << tool.attribute("Timeout").as_int();
 std::cout << ", Description '" << tool.child_value("Description") << "'\n";
Since a lot of document traversal consists of finding the node/attribute with the correct name, there are special functions for that purpose. For example, child("Tool") returns the first node which has the name "Tool", or null handle if there is no such node. This is an example of using such functions (samples/traverse_base.cpp):
std::cout << "Tool for *.dae generation: " << tools.find_child_by_attribute("Tool", "OutputFileMasks", "*.dae").attribute("Filename").value() << "\n";
Child node lists and attribute lists are simply double-linked lists; while you can use previous_sibling/next_sibling and other such functions for iteration, pugixml additionally provides node and attribute iterators, so that you can treat nodes as containers of other nodes or attributes. All iterators are bidirectional and support all usual iterator operations. The iterators are invalidated if the node/attribute objects they're pointing to are removed from the tree; adding nodes/attributes does not invalidate any iterators.
Here is an example of using iterators for document traversal (samples/traverse_iter.cpp):
for (pugi::xml_node_iterator it = tools.begin(); it!= tools.end(); ++it)
 std::cout << "Tool:";
 for (pugi::xml_attribute_iterator ait = it->attributes_begin(); ait!= it->attributes_end(); ++ait)
 std::cout << " " << ait->name() << "=" << ait->value();
 std::cout << std::endl;
If your C++ compiler supports range-based for-loop (this is a C++11 feature, at the time of writing it's supported by Microsoft Visual Studio 11 Beta, GCC 4.6 and Clang 3.0), you can use it to enumerate nodes/attributes. Additional helpers are provided to support this; note that they are also compatible with Boost Foreach, and possibly other pre-C++11 foreach facilities.
Here is an example of using C++11 range-based for loop for document traversal (samples/traverse_rangefor.cpp):
for (pugi::xml_node tool: tools.children("Tool"))
 std::cout << "Tool:";
 for (pugi::xml_attribute attr: tool.attributes())
 std::cout << " " << << "=" << attr.value();
 for (pugi::xml_node child: tool.children())
 std::cout << ", child " <<;
 std::cout << std::endl;
The methods described above allow traversal of immediate children of some node; if you want to do a deep tree traversal, you'll have to do it via a recursive function or some equivalent method. However, pugixml provides a helper for depth-first traversal of a subtree. In order to use it, you have to implement xml_tree_walker interface and to call traverse function.
This is an example of traversing tree hierarchy with xml_tree_walker (samples/traverse_walker.cpp):
struct simple_walker: pugi::xml_tree_walker
 virtual bool for_each(pugi::xml_node& node)
 for (int i = 0; i < depth(); ++i) std::cout << " "; // indentation
 std::cout << node_types[node.type()] << ": name='" << << "', value='" << node.value() << "'\n";
 return true; // continue traversal
simple_walker walker;
Finally, for complex queries often a higher-level DSL is needed. pugixml provides an implementation of XPath 1.0 language for such queries. The complete description of XPath usage can be found in the manual, but here are some examples:
pugi::xpath_node_set tools = doc.select_nodes("/Profile/Tools/Tool[_USER_='true' and _USER_='lastparam']");
std::cout << "Tools:\n";
for (pugi::xpath_node_set::const_iterator it = tools.begin(); it!= tools.end(); ++it)
 pugi::xpath_node node = *it;
 std::cout << node.node().attribute("Filename").value() << "\n";
pugi::xpath_node build_tool = doc.select_node("//Tool[contains(Description, 'build system')]");
if (build_tool)
 std::cout << "Build tool: " << build_tool.node().attribute("Filename").value() << "\n";
XPath functions throw xpath_exception objects on error; the sample above does not catch these exceptions.
Modifying document data
The document in pugixml is fully mutable: you can completely change the document structure and modify the data of nodes/attributes. All functions take care of memory management and structural integrity themselves, so they always result in structurally valid tree - however,