text:
The Revista de Historia Industrial–Industrial History Review would like to invite you to submit a paper proposal for an online workshop on "New perspectives on African Economic History" (June 28th, 2023). It will be organized by Kate Frederick (Utrecht University), Dácil Juif (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) and Felix Meier zu Selhausen (Utrecht University). The workshop is aimed at selecting five papers to be included in a special issue, co-edited by the workshop organisers, to be published in 2024...Read more about Call for Papers: New perspectives on African Economic History
Online ISSN: 2385-3247
About the Journal
Revista de Historia Industrial – Industrial History Review (RHI-IHR) publishes research in economic history that investigates processes of industrialization, as well as the social, economic, institutional, environmental, and demographic transformations associated with them. This includes, among others, the evolution of incomes and living standards, education and human capital, political economy, inequality, trade, and money and banking. The journal welcomes full-length articles on all world regions, contributing to existing debates and drawing attention to new lines of research. The RHI-IHR promotes methodological diversity by encouraging submissions ranging from historical macroeconomic studies to business history, using qualitative as well as statistical and cliometric analyses. The Revista de Historia Industrial – Industrial History Review publishes manuscripts in English and Spanish in three regular issues per year as well as special issues. The RHI-IHR also contributes to the field of economic history by providing a book-review section. The RHI-IHR is indexed in JCR-SSCI and SJR-Scopus, among others.
The RHI-IHR addresses specialists in the field of economic history as well as scholars interested in economics and history more broadly, including graduate students and junior researchers. The journal also aims to spread information aimed at the wider public via its blog "The Great Spurt" and social media.


le_cfg_interface.h
Go to the documentation of this file.
1
2
3 /*
4 * ====================== WARNING ======================
5 *
6 * THE CONTENTS OF THIS FILE HAVE BEEN AUTO-GENERATED.
7 * DO NOT MODIFY IN ANY WAY.
8 *
9 * ====================== WARNING ======================
10 */
11
12 /**
13 * @page c_config Config Tree API
14 *
15 * @ref le_cfg_interface.h "API Reference" <br>
16 *
17 * The Config Tree is a non-volatile noSQL database that stores configuration values for apps.
18 * By default each app is given read access to a single tree that has the same name as the app.
19 * Any other access permissions (read access for any other tree, or write access to any tree at all)
20 * must be explicitly granted in the app's @ref defFilesAdef_requiresConfigTree ".adef file".
21 *
22 * Trees are created automatically the first time that they are accessed by an app or a component.
23 * The apps tree will be named the same as the name of the app. It is possible for apps to be given
24 * access to other apps tree's or for multiple apps to share one tree.
25 *
26 * @note If your app is running as root then the configuration will get added to the
27 * System Tree by default. System utilities also use the Config Tree and store their
28 * configurations in the @c system tree.
29 *
30 * Apps are able to search over the tree for data, although it's generally expected that the location
31 * will be known to the app and that the app will point to the right node to retrieve the value.
32 *
33 * More on the @ref conceptsConfig "Config Strategy" for the Legato AF.
34 *
35 * @section cfg_Overview Overview
36 *
37 * The tree is broken down into stems and leaves.
38 *
39 * A stem is a node that has at least one child node. A leaf has no children and holds a value.
40 *
41 * @code
42 * +tree
43 * |
44 * +--stem
45 * | |
46 * | +--leaf (value)
47 * |
48 * +-stem
49 * |
50 * +--leaf (value)
51 * |
52 * +--leaf (value)
53 * @endcode
54 *
55 * Paths in the tree are traditional Unix style paths and each node is separated by a /:
56 *
57 * @code /stem/stem/leaf @endcode
58 *
59 * If no app is specified as the root of the tree, then the app will search in it's own tree.
60 * To get to another tree reference that tree followed by a colon.
61 *
62 * @verbatim
63 /path/to/my/tree/value # references the default apps tree
64 secondTree:/path/to/secondTree/value # references the second tree
65 @endverbatim
66 *
67 * @note It's recommended to store anything complex using stems and leaves, this enhances
68 * readability and debugging. It also helps to sidestep nasty cross platform alignment issues.
69 *
70 * Apps must explicitly give permissions to other apps before they can access their Config Tree data.
71 * This is done in the @ref defFilesAdef_requiresConfigTree ".adef file".
72 * Each transaction is only able to iterate over one tree at a time, each tree that you want to read
73 * or write to must be created as a separate transaction.
74 *
75 * The Config Tree supports storing the following types of data and each has their own get/set
76 * function as well as a quick set/get function (see @ref cfg_quick):
77 * - string
78 * - binary (array of bytes)
79 * - signed integer
80 * - boolean
81 * - 64bit floating point
82 * - empty values.
83 *
84 * Each transaction has a global timeout setting (default is 30s). The configuration is
85 * located in the System Tree and may be configured with the @ref toolsTarget_config "config"
86 * target tool.
87 *
88 * @verbatim
89 config /configTree/transactionTimeout 10 int #changes the timeout to 10s
90 @endverbatim
91 *
92 * @section cfg_trans Transactions
93 *
94 * @subsection cfg_transConcepts Key Transaction Concepts
95 *
96 * - All transactions are sent to a queue and processed in a sequence.
97 * - Only one write transaction may be active at a time and subsequent writes are queued
98 * until the first is finished processing.
99 * - Transactions may contain multiple read or write requests within a single transaction.
100 * - Multiple read transactions may be processed while a write transaction is active.
101 * - Quick(implicit) read/writes can be created and are also sequentially queued.
102 *
103 * @subsection cfg_createTrans Create Transactions
104 *
105 * To make a change to the tree, you must Create a write transaction, call one or more Set
106 * functions, and Commit the transaction. If a write transaction is canceled instead of committed,
107 * then the changes will be discarded and the tree will remain unchanged.
108 *
109 * To read from a tree without making any changes, you should:
110 * - create a read transaction,
111 * - call the Get functions,
112 * - cancel the transaction when finished.
113 *
114 * You could also:
115 * - create a write transaction,
116 * - perform only Get operations,
117 * - cancel the transaction
118 *
119 * @note It's safer to use a read transaction when there is no intention to change the tree.
120 *
121 * Transactions must not be kept open for extended periods of time. If a transaction is kept open
122 * for longer than the transaction time limit (default is 30 seconds), then the Config Tree will
123 * cancel the transaction and drop the connection to the offending client (most likely causing the
124 * client process to terminate).
125 *
126 * | Function | Action |
127 * | --------------------------| ------------------------------------------------------------------|
128 * | @c le_cfg_CreateReadTxn() | Opens the transaction |
129 * | @c le_cfg_CancelTxn() | Closes a read/write transaction and does not write it to the tree |
130 * | @c le_cfg_CommitTxn() | Closes a write transaction and queues it for commit |
131 *
132 * @subsection cfg_transNavigate Navigating the Tree
133 *
134 * To move around within the Tree you can move directly to a specific node(leaf or stem) and then
135 * do your read or write from that point. Functions have been added to easily navigate through
136 * Tree. All nodes can be referenced either by their absolute or relative paths.
137 *
138 * | Function | Action |
139 * | ----------------------------| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
140 * | @c le_cfg_GoToNode() | Moves to the location specified |
141 * | @c le_cfg_GoToParent() | Moves to the parent of the current node (moves up the Tree) |
142 * | @c le_cfg_GoToFirstChild() | Moves to the first node from the current location (moves down the Tree) |
143 * | @c le_cfg_GoToNextSibling() | Moves to the next node on the same level as the current node (moves laterally) |
144 *
145 * @subsection cfg_transGetInfo Retrieving Node Information
146 *
147 * The Config tree also contains functions to help you identify your current location in the tree,
148 * what node you are currently pointing at, and what type of data is contained in the current node.
149 *
150 * | Function | Action |
151 * | -----------


text:
WEST VIRGINIA KEY TRANSPORTATION FACTS
THE HIDDEN COSTS OF DEFICIENT ROADS
Driving on West Virginia roads that are deteriorated, congested and that lack some desirable safety features costs West Virginia drivers a total of $1.6 billion each year. TRIP has calculated the cost to the average motorist in the state's largest urban areas in the form of additional vehicle operating costs (VOC) as a result of driving on rough roads, the cost of lost time and wasted fuel due to congestion, and the financial cost of traffic crashes. The chart below shows the cost of deficient roads statewide and for the average driver in the state's largest urban areas.
WEST VIRGINIA ROADS PROVIDE A ROUGH RIDE
Due to inadequate state and local funding, more than half of major roads and highways in West Virginia are in poor or mediocre condition. Driving on rough roads costs the average West Virginia driver $726 annually in additional vehicle operating costs – a total of $825 million statewide. The West Virginia Department of Transportation (WVDOT) maintains 34,420 miles of roads and highways – the sixth largest state-maintained system and 89 percent of all roadway miles in the state – the largest share among all states. The chart below details pavement conditions on major roads in the state's largest urban areas and statewide.
WEST VIRGINIA BRIDGE CONDITIONS
Twenty-one percent of West Virginia's bridges are rated in poor/structurally deficient condition, meaning there is significant deterioration of the bridge deck, supports or other major components. This is the second highest share in the U.S. Fifty-three percent of the state's bridges are rated in fair condition and the remaining 26 percent are in good condition. Most bridges are designed to last 50 years before major overhaul or replacement, although many newer bridges are being designed to last 75 years or longer. In West Virginia, 32 percent of the state's bridges were built in 1969 or earlier. The chart below details bridge conditions statewide and in the state's largest urban areas.
WEST VIRGINIA CONGESTION
In 2019, the state's transportation system carried 19.1 billion annual vehicle miles of travel (VMT). Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, vehicle travel in West Virginia dropped by as much as 40 percent in April 2020 (as compared to vehicle travel during the same month the previous year), but rebounded to eleven percent below the previous year's volume in November 2020. Congested roads choke commuting and commerce and cost West Virginia drivers $300 million each year in the form of lost time and wasted fuel. In the most congested urban areas, drivers lose up to $572 and spend as many as 26 hours per year sitting in congestion. The chart below shows the annual number of hours lost to congestion per driver and the average cost per driver of lost time and wasted fuel due to congestion in the state's largest urban areas.
WEST VIRGINIA TRAFFIC SAFETY AND FATALITIES
From 2015 to 2019, 1,394 people were killed in traffic crashes in West Virginia. In 2019, West Virginia had 1.36 traffic fatalities for every 100 million miles traveled, higher than the national average of 1.11 and 13th highest in the U.S. The traffic fatality rate on West Virginia's rural, non-Interstate roadways in 2018 was nearly twice as high as that on all other roads (2.10 fatalities per 100 million vehicle miles of travel vs. 1.15).
Traffic crashes imposed a total of $1.4 billion in economic costs in West Virginia in 2019 and traffic crashes in which a lack of adequate roadway safety features were likely a contributing factor imposed $478 million in economic costs. The chart below shows the number of people killed in traffic crashes in the state's largest urban areas between 2015 and 2019, and the cost of traffic cashes per driver.
The health and future growth of West Virginia's economy is riding on its transportation system. Each year, $125 billion in goods are shipped to and from sites in West Virginia, mostly by trucks. Increases in passenger and freight movement will place further burdens on the state's already deteriorated and congested network of roads and bridges. The value of freight shipped to and from sites in West Virginia, in inflation-adjusted dollars, is expected to increase 85 percent by 2045 and by 82 percent for goods shipped by trucks.
According to a report by the American Road & Transportation Builders Association, the design, construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure in West Virginia supports approximately 24,000 full-time jobs across all sectors of the state economy. These workers earn $588 million annually. Approximately 332,000 full-time jobs in West Virginia in key industries like tourism, retail sales, agriculture and manufacturing are completely dependent on the state's transportation network.
WEST VIRGINIA TRANSPORTATION FUNDING
Investment in West Virginia's roads, highways and bridges is funded by local, state and federal governments. A lack of sufficient funding at all levels will make it difficult to adequately maintain and improve the state's existing transportation system.
In 2015 a report by the West Virginia Blue Ribbon Commission on Highways found that West Virginia needed to increase its annual investment in its highway and bridge system by $750 million annually for needed repairs and an additional $380 million annually for needed expansion to the system – a total of approximately $1.1 billion annually.
In 2017 the West Virginia legislature approved increases in the state's motor fuel, registration fees, and taxes on new car purchases to support additional highway investment. State voters subsequently approved a referendum 73 to 27 percent allowing the state to borrow up to $1.6 billion to fund Governor Jim Justice's Roads to Prosperity Initiative.
The current federal transportation legislation, Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act), was set to expire on September 30, 2020. Congress extended it by one year to September 30, 2021. The FAST Act is a major source of funding for road, highway and bridge repairs in West Virginia. Throughout the FAST-Act – fiscal years 2016 to 2021 – the program will provide $2.8 billion to West Virginia for road repairs and improvements, an average of $465 million per year. From 2014 to 2018, the federal government provided $2.05 for road improvements in West Virginia for every $1.00 state motorists paid in federal highway user fees, including the federal state motor fuel tax.
Sources of information for this report include the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), the U.S. Census Bureau, the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI), the American Road & Transportation Builders Association (ARTBA), and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Cover photo credit: Timothy Mainiero.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: Dynamic steady-state growth in 3D of a semi-infinite plane brittle crack in isotropic elastic solids is considered. Loads cause growth by translating on the crack surfaces at constant, subcritical speed. An analytical solution is obtained and subjected to a criterion for brittle crack growth based on dynamic energy release rate, with kinetic energy included. The result is a nonlinear differential equation for the crack contour, i.e., the curve formed by the crack edge in the crack plane. The equation is studied for the case of compression loading by translating point forces. At large distances from the forces, the crack edge asymptotically approaches the rectilinear and kinetic energy effects can be negligible. A bulge forms around the forces, however, the effect of kinetic energy on its size can be pronounced.


text:
A dust monitoring device is a device that is used to detect the concentration and the size of the dust particles present in the air. It monitors and provides you with the results that specify how much your indoors are polluted by the dust particles.
There is another term known as dust monitoring equipment or AQI, the value of AQI gives the pollution tolerance and whether it is healthy or not. Usually, the AQI up to 50 or less is considered good whereas above 100 is considered bad for health.
So this device functions to give you the accurate value of the pollution in the area.
Components of the dust monitoring device
- Detection components
- Dust monitoring: The detection components in the equipment include two sensors namely, PM2.5 and PM10 sensors. And these sensors will detect the dust particles every minute and will provide the respective data. This data is then processed through the internal programming circuits.
- Noise monitoring: Along with dust monitoring, there is also a provision of noise detecting sensors. That will detect the noise in and around the area.
- Meteorological monitoring: This consists of a series of wind speed and direction detecting, as well as a guard against solar radiations.
- Processing Data
There is the presence of a unit at the center of the device known as the collection host. This unit collects the data provided by the sensors and stores it. And after the statistical operations, the data is processed to be given out through the output device.
- Display Component
There is a LED display that will display the real-time data detected and processed by the device. Users will get the information based on the data provided.
Types of dust monitoring equipment
There are two types of dust monitoring systems.
Pump suction dust monitoring equipment
This type of dust monitoring device works on the laser scattering effect. Whenever the dust gets in the way of the laser beam, it scatters. Hence the dust particle can be detected. It is efficient because it has a flow pump to power up. Such that comparatively larger particles will not stick into the cavities. Moreover, it also has a straight structure so, dust will not be accumulated inside the device.
Diffusion dust monitoring equipment
It also uses laser scattering, but it is powered by a fan and consumes less power. It has a waterproof LED panel as it is installed on high poles. This also helps them to resist the high winds.


text:
Description & Physical Properties
||Color Less Fuming Liquid
||47.00 % Min
||0.30 % Max
|Sulphur Di Oxide (SO2)
||0.10 % Max
|Sulphur Tri Oxide (SO3)
||0.05 % Max
- BF3 etherate is used as a Lewis Acid catalyst to manufacture chemical intermediates, pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, fragrances, and related products.
- Some of the more common chemical reactions using BF3 etherate are listed below. This product is not for food use.
- Polymerization catalyst for:
Catalyst for the alkylation of allylic alcohols and phenols
Isomerization catalyst for the preparation of indole derivatives and diterpenes Generally, BF3 diethyl complex can be used in reactions where:
- Preparing oxymethylene copolymers
- Radical polymerization withstyrene
- Alpha-olefin oligomerization
- BF3 is a catalyst.
- Diethyl ether is not detrimental to the systems involved.
- 30 kgs HDPE can
- 200 kgs composite drum
Classification and Safety Information
- CAS NO : 109-63-7
- UN NO : 2604
- HAZARD CLASS : 8
- PACKING GROUP : I
For TDS and MSDS, please write to _EMAIL_


text:
As a common practice, the fitting parameters of deep material network (DMN) are initiated randomly in the optimization process. Since the SGD algorithm converges to a band of local minima close to the "global minimum", the structure of trained DMN strongly depends on the initial parameters. Meanwhile, the stochasticity of SGD in choosing the mini-batches also introduces uncertainty of the final structure at the early stage of training. With random initialization, the DMN databases trained for different RVEs are not analogous to each other in terms of the topological structure, so that a continuous migration between different database can not be realized through direct interpolation of the fitting parameters.
In this aspect, transfer learning of DMN is more advantageous as all the databases can be originated from the same pretrained database, and hence converge to similar network structures. With the DMN interpolation technique, we are able to generate a unified set of databases covering the full-range structure-property relationship. Another motivation of transfer learning is to improve the convergence of training by reusing the knowledge from pretrained networks.
Since the databases created from transfer learning share the same base structure, intermediate databases can be generated by interpolating the fitting parameters. The unified databases show encouraging micromechanical results of predicting the volume fraction effect on elastic properties for 2D particle-reinforced composite.
The idea of database interpolation opens the possibility of incorporating multiple microstructural descriptors to derive a more general design map. From our perspective, it is promising to use the DMN framework with transfer learning and database integration in a broad class of materials design problems where reliable and efficient structure-property relationships are desired.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Sökning: "Amela David"
Hittade 1 uppsats innehållade orden Amela David.
 1. 1. Non-Thermal Modeling Of Energy Propagation Carried By Phonons and Magnons
 Kandidat-uppsats,
 Författare :David Dahlgren; Amela Mehic; [2019]
 Nyckelord :phonon; magnon; Boltzmann transport equation; Heat transport; Atom;
 Sammanfattning : Heat transport by phonons and magnons in crystals due to a local perturbation in temperature is described by the Boltzmann transport equation. In this project a one phonon one magnon system was studied in a one dimensional rod with reflective boundaries. Using the splitting algorithm the problem was reduced to a transport and collision term. LÄS MER


text:
Voice Activity Detector
The challenge of power consumption in a voice-activated system
The interaction between humans and devices is increasingly carried out through voice control, be it for plugged or battery-powered devices. This unavoidable trend is made feasible thanks to the emergence of powerful signal processing algorithms capable to convert, with high success rate, the human speech to text but also to understand meaningful information, such as keywords and commands.
Dolphin Integration introduces a breakthrough Voice Activity Detector, the WhisperTrigger™, to provide ultra-low power Always-On Voice Listening for the longest-lasting operation without battery recharge and for environmentally friendly devices.
Demonstration of our innovative Voice Activity Detector
by Cyprien Dumortier, application engineer for Audio IPs
Ultimate power savings
The WhisperTrigger™ is a stand-alone feature. It enables to switch-off the audio DSP and ADC, to divide the power consumption by up to 50 times compared to conventional approaches at system level.
WhisperTrigger™'s self-adjustable algorithm ensures the best detection rate whatever the environment conditions of the user.
Innovative Voice Activity Detector for ultimate power savings
Conventional Always-On Keyword Spotting can not be ultra-low power
To minimize power consumption of a voice-controlled device, the current approach is to handle speech recognition after Keyword Spotting. It involves to keep the voice ADC and the DSP always on.
Breakthrough Voice Activity Detectors for ultimate power savings
The breakthrough WhisperTrigger™ tracks continuously the surrounding sounds to identify
a voice activity so as to awaken the voice processing blocks (audio ADC and DSP) through a trigger
signal as soon as, but not sooner than, a voice is detected.
Two types of WhisperTrigger™ (WT-d and WT-a), are proposed for integration into the SoC to support both analog/electric and digital microphones. WhisperTrigger™ can also be embedded into a DMIC.
WhisperTrigger™–digital (WT-d): The fully synthesizable VAD to switch-off the audio DSP
The WT-d detects the presence of a voice at the output of a DMIC or at the output of a voice ADC embedded on SoC so as to switch-on the DSP, to perform Keyword Spotting, only once a voice is detected.
WhisperTrigger™ –analog (WT-a): The ultimate power saving solution
The WT-a enables to switch-off both ADC and DSP and to awake them only, but as soon as, a voice is detected.
Self-adaptable algorithm (patent-pending): the must-have
Users of wireless smart home, IoT products or Smartphones are exposed to different types of ambient noises all along the day. As a result, the only solution to ensure the best detection rate is to rely on a trigger capable to continuously adapt itself to the environment of the device user.
WhisperTrigger™'s powerful algorithm wakes-up the DSP handling Keyword Spotting with the best success rate, no matter the environment of the user and the distance between the user and the voice-activated device.
Check the self-adaptability to the background noise of WhisperTrigger™
MIWOK™, an objective benchmark for Voice Activity Detector
Dolphin Integration has developed MIWOK™, the first benchmark in the public domain to assess the 3 critical performances characterizing the performance in voice detection, be it in near field or far field condition, whatever the user environment, be it noisy or quiet:
- the capability to detect the beginning of a voice event with fast response
- the capability to avoid the wrong response to a noise event, meaning a high rate of Voice Detected as Voice (VDV) and a low rate of Noise Detected as Voice (NDV)
- the evaluation of the fast Detection Latency (DL) time
The WhisperTrigger™'s performances
|WhisperTrigger™ -d||WhisperTrigger™ -a|
|Detection Latency (DL)||Down to 4.6 ms||Down to 3 ms|
|Voice Detected as Voice (VDV)||Up to 100%||Up to 100%|
|Noise Detected as Voice (NDV)||Down to 7%||Down to 3.6%|
|Power consumption of the WT||25 µA||10 µA|


Composing Your Career
You know you want a career with meaning—you want to do work that matters and reflects your values. But do you know in which field and role you want to make an impact, or how to put yourself on track for a meaningful career? You're not alone.
Composing Your Career at NYU Wagner—and Beyond
Composing Your Career is a practical guide. As you begin your journey at NYU Wagner and evolve your career over time, its exercises and videos will help you meet three core objectives:
 - Figure out what "work that matters" means to you so you know where you're going
 - Design your journey with your goal in sight
 - Maximize your chance of being hired to make an impact in the field and role you want
NYU Wagner attracts students who want an education that challenges and informs over time. We know that the students who get the most from Wagner are those who actively create their education with us. Composing Your Career is a start.
Get Started
The Tracks Exercise
Not sure exactly where you're headed? The innovative Tracks Exercise helps you explore options, then fine-tune your focus on how and where you want to make an impact. Dive deeper
Know What Employers Look F.O.R.
Field. Organization. Role.
You've set your course. Next, understand what will get you hired: an active commitment to your field, a fit with the organization's culture, and the skills to make effective change in the role. Dive deeper
Practice the S.E.E. Strategies
Smart. Experienced. Engaged.
Position yourself for a successful career—be smart, experienced, and engaged. How? Consider what you're looking for along with what employers are looking for and use the information to maximize your time while in school. Dive deeper
Jump straight to the videos
Download the guide


Stanley Chalk Line Reel
Ever since I was a kid watching my dad use a chalk line, I was curious about the simplicity of its design. A chalk line can be used to mark a long straight line on a wall or as a plumb bob. Inside the polypropylene casing is 100 feet of string which sits in a purple chalk. Extend the line from one point to another and then "ping it" and a purple-coloured line appears. The external crank handle is used to rewind the line. Turn it perpendicular and you have a plumb bob. So simple, so effective, and what's not to love about chalk lines!
Here's a video showing you how to use a chalk line.
-- Doug Watson
Stanley Chalk Line Reel
Available from Amazon


text:
WHITEHALL – The White Lake area is turning a corner in its environmental history as work moves from cleaning up hazardous materials to restoring the area's wetlands to their natural condition.
Excavation of the wetlands at the former Occidental Chemical site will start in June, Muskegon Conservation District Executive Director Jeff Auch said. Most of the work will be to remove earth and concrete placed into the wetlands to push the usable shoreline further into the lake for docking during the area's industrial period.
Once the foreign material is removed, the seeds of native plants will begin to regenerate the wetland, Auch said.
"That site is actually very clean," he said.
Other work will include removing black locust trees, which are not native to Michigan and were likely planted when the property was a religious retreat, Auch said.
The worst of White Lake's contamination from the days of tanning leather and manufacturing chemicals is cleaned up, Auch said, though groundwater remediation continues at some sites. Since there are no immediate plans to redevelop the sites, the companies that owned them have mostly decided to return them to prairies or wetlands, he said.
"It either stands as a wasteland or they choose to do something beneficial with it," he said. "And they've decided to do something beneficial with it."
Follow Megan Hart on Twitter _USER_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Getting on the property ladder in 2022 can be a challenge – akin to pushing a boulder up a hill for example, or swimming in treacle. The cost of living is going up and so are house prices – but there are ways to give yourself a leg up to secure your dream home – like shared ownership. But what is shared ownership or help to buy, how does it work and where do you start?
Hockeys are the leading estate agents in Cambridge, and their Director Jeremy Trott has the answers to all of those questions.
How Does Shared Ownership Work?
Also known as help to buy, shared ownership is a great scheme, particularly for first time buyers to find affordable housing in Cambridge. However, so many people aren't aware of what it is and how it works. Shared ownership is quite a simple concept - the buyer purchases a percentage of the property with the remaining amount owned by the housing provider. The buyer then pays a mortgage on the share that they own and rent on the remaining percentage. Shared ownership also provides the opportunity to do a staircase purchase – so you can buy a bigger stake in the property as your wealth increases. If you get a pay rise for example, or you inherit a lump sum, you can increase your equity. Some housing associations allow you to staircase right up to the full amount, so eventually you can own the property outright
What is a shared ownership mortgage?
A shared ownership mortgage is simply when the buyer takes out a mortgage on the percentage of the property that they own. The deposit required for shared ownership is often more manageable than with a traditional purchase – usually around 5% rather than 10-15%. As always, we would recommend talking to an independent mortgage adviser and, here at Hockeys, we can put you in touch with experts who can walk you through the process.
What are the benefits of shared ownership?
The benefits of shared ownership are many but most importantly, it gives those buyers who are on a lower income a chance to get on the property ladder. It provides an opportunity to own an asset and not plough money solely into rent paying off somebody else's mortgage. Also, there is no such thing as a bidding war with shared ownership – the property will be valued by an independent valuer who will then set the price for the applicants, so no nasty last-minute surprises or gazumping! If a buyer has a link to the area where the property is for sale, in many cases their application will be given priority - making it easier to lay down roots in a place of familiarity.
How do you find a shared ownership property?
There are a limited amount of shared ownership properties, and here at Hockeys, we may only have one or two on the market at any given time - they tend to go quite quickly. Initially, a shared ownership property will be marketed by the housing association during a nomination period and then if the housing association cannot find a buyer, it can go on the open market with an estate agent.
If shared ownership is of interest, or if you would like to know more about obtaining a mortgage on a shared equirty property then Register with Hockeys so we can get in touch as soon as a relevant property becomes available.
A small selection of help to buy housing groups can be found below:
Demovo (Formerly BPHA)
Further Reading: More Advice for Home Buyers
Click below to read more of our expert advice for home buyers:
And if you have any questions about the Cambridge property market, feel free to contact us, we would be very happy to hear from you!


text:
Small changes in the peak voltage of a diagnostic x-ray tube can cause significant modifications in the absorbed dose or degrade the contrast of an x-ray image. It has been suggested that kVp should be monitored routinely however a standardized noninvasive technique for kVp monitoring has yet to be developed. A number of x-ray beam-related quantities depend upon the endpoint energy including, intensity, penetrability and dosage. However, none of these parameters can be used to determine kVp for x-ray tubes in general.
If a material is irradiated by an x-ray beam, spectra for Compton scattered photons as well as x-ray fluorescence lines that are a characteristic of the target material can be simultaneously collected. The ratio of the integral number of Compton scattered photons and the number of fluorescent x-ray photons is a function of the maximal beam energy and same time independent of the tube current, measurement geometry, and other quantities that are related to the experimental setup.
CdTe detectors having sufficient energy resolution to distinguish individual x-ray fluorescence lines and high efficiency for energies in the 10-keV region were used in our measurements. Several materials covering a wide range of atomic numbers from Copper (Z=12) to lead (Z=82) were used as the medium for fluorescence and for scattering. A variety of scattering angles and detection geometries were tested.
Our measurements have demonstrated that the ratio of the integral number of Compton scattered photons to that of fluorescent photons using a fixed geometry is a sensitive index of kVp (peak tube voltage).


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November 22, 2010 | CUNY Lecture Series, Graduate Center
Two Cuban revolutionaries, Félix Varela and José Martí, would find both prosperity and purpose in New York City during the 1800s. "They were drawn to Gotham because of its tolerance for political expression," says Carmen Boullosa, a Distinguished Lecturer at City College, "and by the possibility of winning moral and financial support." Varela, a Catholic priest who fled a death sentence by the Spanish crown, went on to publish a Spanish-language newspaper in New York that advocated the independence of Cuba and the abolition of slavery, and Martí, a beloved poet and essayist, became a national hero of the Cubans. Boullosa explores the historical and cultural connections of the Spanish-speaking world with New York City during the past two centuries, in a panel moderated by Mike Wallace and presented by the Gotham Center for New York City History at the CUNY Graduate Center.
Listen Now >>


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/University of Maryland
Prof Inderjit Chopra
- University of Maryland
Dr. Inderjit Chopra is a Distinguished University Professor and Alfred Gessow Professor in Aerospace Engineering and Director of the Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Center at the University of Maryland. Also, he was the Minta-Martin Research Professor from 1996 to 2000.
After receiving his Sc. D. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977, he joined the NASA Ames/Stanford University Joint Institute of Aeronautics & Acoustics, where he worked for four and half years on the development of aeroelastic analyses and testing of advanced helicopter rotor systems.
In 1981, he joined the University Maryland as an Associate Professor, and got promoted to Full Professor in 1986. He has been working on various fundamental problems related to aeromechanics of helicopters including aeromechanical stability, vibratory loads, active vibration control, modeling of composite blades, rotor head health monitoring, aeroelastic optimization, high advance ratio rotors, smart structures, swashplateless systems, CFD/CSD couplings, motor-body-engine couplings, micro air vehicles, and comprehensive aeromechanics analyses of bearingless, tilt-rotor, servo-flap, coaxial, compound, teetering, composite coupled rotors, and circulation control rotors. His direct graduate advising resulted over 50 Ph.D. and about 100 M.S. degrees, and his students are now playing important roles in rotorcraft industry, academia and federal labs. He acted as the Department Chairman from _PHONE_ and 2009-2010. For more information please click here.


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Some ants are blind, but most are not.
More Info: Some ant species are blind, especially those that are subterranean, but not all. Many ant species have compound eyes, which they use to hunt for food. Some species have ocelli, three simple eyes, which detect light. Most ants have marginal eyesight relying on other senses to help assist in foraging for food, but some have excellent eyesight, such as the Myrmecia species, commonly referred to as bull ants.
Blind Ant Species
Army Ants: This group is not a single species of ants, but encompasses more than 200 species across 18 genera and 6 subfamilies. An ant is classified as an army ant due to its aggressive swarming predatory behaviors. These ants do not have compound eyes, and cannot see, instead using their antennae and pheromones to smell, touch, and communicate.
Martialis heureka: This unknown ant species was discovered in a Brazilian rainforest in 2003. One of the most primitive species discovered yet, this ant is pale in color and eyeless. When its founder exhibited the ant to an expert at Harvard University's Museum of Comparative Zoology he exclaimed that that ant species may as well be from Mars it is so different. The species was thus named Martialis heureka, which essentially translates to "From Mars! Wow!"
"Ant Anatomy | ASU – Ask A Biologist." Ask A Biologist | ASU – Ask A Biologist. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2012..
"Army ant – New World Encyclopedia." New World Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2012.
"Scientists Find One Specimen of Strange Ancient Ant – NYTimes.com." The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2012.


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Topic: Sharing a thermister (Read 682 times) previous topic - next topic
I was curious if something like this will work!
+ shared to two arduinos
- to one arduino, and grounds connected to the arduinos together.
Then I can have a 10k resister on the + of the thermister at each side and have no differences in reading at each side?
10K Thermister has one side of Analog Input 1 from two arduinos connected (A1 from Arduino 1, A1 from Arduino 2). The other side goes to ground on one of the arduinos, and both arduinos have the grounds connected together.
Would the measurement of temperature at each one then be identical?
What I want to do is similar, I'm just curious if something like that would work? The reason I ask is I gather a thermister connection requires readings from the mid point of a 10k circuit (i.e. thermister on one side, 10k resister on the other, temperature reading is at the mid point of that).
It was suggested to use UnityGain Amplifier - not sure how that works for it's input?
Whilst looking in to op amps, I came across this page, now will I be able to take the Positive side of the thermister and use some sort of following circuit to SHARE the input with both controllers?
The analog input is just sensing a voltage - so long as the supplies and ground are the same you should get the same reading (+/- about one LSB).
[ I won't respond to messages, use the forum please ]
Well it senses resistance right?
That's what the problem will be I thought?
So, if I instead - use the resistance measurement circuit on one controller, and the other, I take that same midpoint and use a op amp in a unity follower setup - with a common ground reference that would work I take it?
If I take the resistance measurements directly, and output the measurements to a digital pot, would that work?
So, in the place of the current thermistor on the old circuit, I put the output of a DS1803 digital pot.
Will that work? There's a 10k resister in the way though, so does that need to get removed? Does a DS1803 get directly connected to ground and the analog input or does it also require a 10k resister?
For this I plan on using a TL072 to follow the voltage.
I just want to be clear on how I'll connect - the TL072 + input is the same + from the thermistor (before the resistors?), and then I input this to an analog input on the arduino (or do I also need to get the output of TL072 to the resistor first to get the same result as both controllers?)
I plan on doing some tests, but would like to be sure...
Does having a thermistor on all the time use a lot of current? Will the result of a thermistor be different if you only power it for a few microseconds before reading, when needed instead?
Depends on the resistance of the thermistor and the voltage passing thru it.
You will have the thermistor in a voltage divider: _URL_
So add the resistances in series and calculate power with P = V*V/R.
You should be able to share the thermistor but I'd use a cap to ground from the thermistor/divider output to reduce input impedance.
That was the reason it was suggested to use TL072 - it has a very high impedance so as to not cause interference on the circuit.
With respect to the capacitor - I'm not sure where I should pick up the input from the thermistor?
I can get it from before the resistors on the other side, or after it - in fact I could go as far back as the MCU that's reading it - is that the ideal place to measure from?
What will happen is I'll get the voltage reading and build an array of the voltage to temperature values and that should give me close enough to a reference of the temperature being read by the other controller..
What I think will work is:
Thermistor -> Existing controller.
Then solder to the existing input (either at the thermistor, before the resistors, or after the resistors, at the MCU), cable to bring it out to TL072 Op Amp following the voltage reading.
The TL072 as a voltage follower will feed the same voltage reading into my Arduino and it will reference it's table of voltages to decide what temperature it is.
So, do I get the TL072 input from the + of the thermistor (i.e. the field side of the thermistor), or from the MCU side which will be after the resistor (i.e. the midpoint)?
You want to measure at the midpoint as that is the output of the divider.
If you measure without the divider, you will be measuring the supply voltage on the other side of the thermistor, not what you want...
Take a look at the picture at the top of this post:
This is for measuring battery voltage, but in your case R1 or R2 will be a thermistor and the voltage will vary with temperature.
The post explains the need for the capacitor and the math to calculate the output voltage as well...
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The Importance of Bulla in Ancient Rome
Children wore a special locket around their neck, given to them at birth, called a bulla. It contained an amulet as a protection against evil and was worn on a chain, cord, or strap.
Girls wore their bulla until the eve of their wedding day, when their bulla was set aside with other childhood things, like her toys.
Boys wore their bulla until they day they became a citizen. A Roman boy became a citizen when he was around 16 or 17. There was a special ceremony on that day. Becoming a citizen was a big deal! Boys' bullas were put aside and carefully saved. The owner could wear his bulla again if he won special honors. For example, if he became a successful general, and won the honor of triumph, he would wear his bulla in ceremonial parades, to protect him from the evil jealously of men or gods.


eta^1_1{\wedge}\eta^1+ \eta^1_2{\wedge}\eta^2) +e_2 (d\eta^2 + \eta^2_1{\wedge}\eta^1+ \eta^2_2{\wedge}\eta^2) +e_3 (\eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^1 + \eta^3_2{\wedge}\eta^2) $$ Looking at the $e_3$-coefficient in this equation and applying Cartan's Lemma, we see that there must exist $h^{ij}=h^{ji}$ such that $\eta^i = h^{ij}\ \eta^3_j$, which, substituted into the second equation, says that $\det(h) = \pm 1$.
Now, let $S_\pm$ denote the surface in the $3$-dimensional space of symmetric $2$-by-$2$ matrices that consists of the matrices with determinant $\pm 1$. ($S_+$ is a hyperboloid of 2 sheets, while $S_-$ is a hyperboloid of 1 sheet.) Let $h:P_g''\times S_\pm\to S_\pm$ be the projection onto the second factor. Set $\eta^i = h^{ij}\eta^3_j$ as $1$-forms on $P_g''\times S_\pm$ and consider the pair of $2$-forms $$ \Upsilon^i = d\eta^i + \eta^i_1{\wedge}\eta^1+ \eta^i_2{\wedge}\eta^2. $$ The formulae derived so far show that $\Upsilon^i = \pi^{ij}\wedge\eta^3_j$, where $\pi^{ij}=\pi^{ji}$ are $1$-forms defined by the relations $$ \begin{pmatrix}\pi^{11}&\pi^{12}\\\\ \pi^{21}&\pi^{22}\end{pmatrix} = dh + \begin{pmatrix}\eta^1_1&\eta^1_2\\\\ \eta^2_1&\eta^2_2\end{pmatrix} h + h\begin{pmatrix}\eta^1_1-\eta^3_3&\eta^2_1\\\\ \eta^1_2&\eta^2_2-\eta^3_3\end{pmatrix}. $$ Moreover, the equation $\det(h)=\pm1$ and the normalizations made so far imply that $\mathrm{tr}(h^{-1}\pi)=0$.
These equations show that, on the quotient manifold $Q = (P_g''\times S_\pm)/G_3$, which is a bundle over $\Sigma$ with $2$-dimensional fibers, there is an ideal $\mathcal{I}$ that is locally generated by a pair of $2$-forms that pull back up to $P_g''\times S_\pm$ to be independent linear combinations of the $\Upsilon^i$, and that the integral surfaces of this ideal that are transverse to the fibers of $Q\to\Sigma$ represent solutions to our problem. When $\det(h)=1$, the above relations show that this is an elliptic ideal, while, when $\det(h)=-1$, this ideal is hyperbolic. In either case, the ideal is involutive, with Cartan characters $s_1=2$, $s_2=0$.
The Cartan-Kähler Theorem now applies, at least when $g$ is real-analytic, to show that there are local integral manifolds transverse to the fibers of $Q\to\Sigma$. In the hyperbolic case, a smooth version of the Cartan-Kähler theorem guarantees local solvability while, in the elliptic case, there are existence theorems (basically coming from the theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves) that guarantee existence of local solutions. Thus, the equations are locally solvable if $g$ is smooth.
Anyway, that's a sketch of an analysis of the nondegenerate case. The point is that the original determined system of three equations for three unknowns is not formally integrable, but, in the generic case, it can be prolonged to either an elliptic or a hyperbolic system that is involutive and hence formally integrable.
One should still do the case when the rank of the differential of $g$ is $1$, and one should look for a way to reinterpret the system $\mathcal{I}$ as a single scalar equation of Monge-Ampere type, to which more standard PDE methods would apply. There may even be a way to linearize this equation as either an elliptic or hyperbolic single scalar equation, but that would require more thought than I have had time to put into it so far.
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_USER_: Many thanks, this is beautiful. It also seems to work in the more general case of an orientable $m$-manifold $M$ and an immersion $f:M‚Üí‚Ñù^n$ by using $$\rho(f) = f_{x_1}\wedge\dots\wedge f_{x_m}\otimes dx_1\wedge\dots\wedge dx_m \in\Omega^m(M,\Lambda^m \mathbb R^n).$$ One can use the Hodge star or not. But note that it takes values in the subset of decomposable mutlivectors in $\lambda^m\mathbb R^n$, so the Pluecker relations hold. (see (4) in _URL_-lon.pdf why it plays no role in the the $\Lambda^2 \mathbb R^3$ case). – Peter Michor Apr 24 '13 at 6:35
_USER_: You are welcome; it's an interesting system and was a fun exercise. Of course, you are correct that the Plücker relations play no role in the $3$-dimensional case for a surface, but $\Lambda^2(V)$ is still not just any old $3$-dimensional vector space, as it carries a canonical orientation, which, as it turns out, is the source of there being two kinds (elliptic and hyperbolic) of nondegenerate $\Lambda^2(V)$-valued $2$-forms on a surface $\Sigma$. – Robert Bryant Apr 24 '13 at 12:40
_USER_: I should have remarked on your generalization to immersions of $m$-manifolds into $n$-space: Yes, of course you do need to deal with the Plücker relations when $1 < m < n{-}1$, but, just as serious is the fact that, when $m(n{-}m)+1 > n$, this equation (even with the Plücker relations assumed satisfied) will be overdetermined, so there will be local obstructions to solvability. One sees this already for the case $(m,n)=(2,4)$, where prescribing the map $\rho$ is 5 equations for 4 unknowns. – Robert Bryant Apr 24 '13 at 13:05
My favourite bit is where he says "... I'm too lazy...". – Ben McKay Apr 24 '13 at 19:43
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text:
The Long-Term Economic Impact of Reducing Migration in the UK
This paper uses an OLG-CGE model for the UK to illustrate the long-term effect of migration on the economy. We use the current Conservative Party migration target to reduce net migration "from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands" as an illustration. Achieving this target would require reducing recent net migration numbers by a factor of about 2. We undertake a simulation exercise to compare a baseline scenario, which incorporates the principal 2010-based ONS population projections, with a lower migration scenario, which assumes that net migration is reduced by around 50 per cent. The results show that such a significant reduction in net migration has strong negative effects on the economy. By 2060 the levels of both GDP and GDP per person fall by 11.0 per cent and 2.7 per cent respectively. Moreover, this policy has a significant impact on public finances. To keep the government budget balanced, the effective labour income tax rate has to be increased by 2.2 percentage points in the lower migration scenario.
A subscription to the National Institute Economic Review is required to view this article


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Travel time prediction in Advanced Traveler Information Systems is an important issue, because travel time is a major factor in motorists' decisions to avoid congestion and incidents. A simulation-assignment-based travel time prediction model for traffic corridors is constructed in this paper. Based on the concept of simulation-assignment models, two algorithms-the flow- and the vehicle-based models-are proposed for travel time prediction. One of the critical issues in simulation-assignment models is how reliable time-dependent origin-destination (O-D) trip tables are generated. A dynamic O-D estimation and prediction procedure is developed to generate time-dependent O-D demand data for simulating vehicle movements using DynaTAIWAN: a simulation-assignment model. The empirical travel time data that were collected from electronic toll stations are used to validate the travel times that were predicted by the proposed models. The mean absolute percentage errors (RMSPEs) and root-mean-square percentage errors are less than 20% and 26% for the vehicle-based model and less than 10% and 12% for the flow-based model, respectively. The results show that the proposed algorithms predict reasonable travel times for traffic corridors.
|Journal||IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems|
|Publication status||Accepted/In press - 2012 Apr 18|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Mechanical Engineering
- Automotive Engineering
- Computer Science Applications


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In this paper two studies are reported which compare (a) the perceptions of family functioning held by clinic and non-clinic adolescents, and (b) the perceptions of family functioning held by adolescents and their mothers in clinic and non-clinic families. In Study 1, matched group of clinic and non-clinic adolescents were compared on their responses to a 30-item scale (ICPS) designed to measure three factors of family functioning: Intimacy (high vs. low), Parenting Style (democratic vs. controlled) and Conflict (high vs. low). Clinic and non-clinic adolescents were also compared on their responses to a multi-dimensional measure of adolescent self-concept. Although there was little difference between the two groups of adolescents in terms of their perceptions of family functioning, there were strong relationships between the self-concept variables and the family functioning variables. In Study 2, comparisons were made between the perceptions of family functioning held by mothers and adolescents for both clinical and non-clinic families. There were no differences between the two groups of adolescents in terms of their perceptions of family functioning, although there were clear differences between the two groups of mothers. In addition, clinic adolescents and their mothers did not differ in their perceptions of the family, whereas adolescents in the non-clinic group saw their families significantly as less intimate and more conflicted than did their mothers.\ud \u
To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request.


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This is an archived article that was published on sltrib.com in 2013, and information in the article may be outdated. It is provided only for personal research purposes and may not be reprinted.
Re: "Uintah Basin oil shale project on track for permit" (Tribune, Aug. 31), there are a number of questions regarding the retorting process and its ultimate benefit.
How much time and natural gas is required to heat the shale up to the required temperature of 725 degrees? And how much more gas is required to maintain this temperature for 90 consecutive days?
The article states: "the company's process doesn't use water." Yet Red Leaf's own website states: "RLR anticipates that approximately eight gallons of water will be required to produce a barrel of oil using the EcoShale™ In-Capsule Technology."
Finally, 800 million barrels of oil produced over 20 years is equivalent to 110,000 barrels per day. Sounds like a lot, but we in the U.S. consume that much oil in nine minutes (plus or minus a minute).
So Red Leaf wants to burn natural gas to heat and squeeze oil out of rocks, and then transport the oil (via diesel) to refineries in Utah to produce, among other things, diesel. I can think of better ways to use natural gas.
When the free market meets the wilderness, the wilderness usually suffers, both in the short and long term. And all for nine minutes of oil.
Vice president, Eco Advisors


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Describe the nitrogen cycle in today's atmosphere. Theoretically, what would happen to molecular nitrogen production if nitrification was eliminated the cycle? Hint: Consider the processes during the preoxygen atmosphere.
What is the intensity of radiation emitted by a hot desert (330K) relative to that emitted by the stratosphere over the South Pole during July (190K)? Hint: Find the ratio of the radiation intensities. 09:1 1.73:1 0 3:1 O 1:1
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Serve Creatives
Build Connections
Deepen the Creative Economy
The Foundry for Art Design + Culture is a social enterprise which serves to inspire economic opportunities in New York's Capital Region by fostering innovative collaborations between creatives, cultural and educational institutions, non-profits, businesses and civic institutions.
The Foundry's fundamental belief is that all creatives, regardless of their experience, should have the opportunity to maximize their potential, the confidence to seize opportunities and the wisdom to realize the importance of art, design and culture to society. For far too many creatives, this is not happening.
This is not just failing our creatives; it is failing society as a whole. Creatives are denied the chance to make a full contribution to society, and society loses the benefit of that contribution. The Foundry works to close this gap.
A survey headed by The Ford Foundation from 2002-2003 determined art and culture organizations bolster community engagement and cooperation, heighten the possibility for people to understand themselves and shift in the way they view the world, and support community pride and identity. Additionally, they found the arts play a role in the betterment of discarded buildings, sustain cultural heritage, convey ideals and history, unite cultural ethnic, and racial barriers, and further economic growth.


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Does Anti-Drug Advertising Work?
54 Pages Posted: 11 Nov 2003
Date Written: July 1999
This paper examines whether a national anti-drug advertising campaign is associated with a change in adolescents' drug use behavior. Specifically, the primary objective of the paper is to investigate the relationship between adolescents' recall of exposure to anti-drug advertising and their probability of trying marijuana, cocaine and crack, as well as their volume of drug use given trial. We use a version of an attribute-based discrete choice framework based upon work by Hanemann (1984) to generate a model of drug use behavior, and estimate the model using a modified sequential probit framework. We estimate the model using data from the Partnership for a Drug-Free America (PDFA) Partnership Attitude Tracking Survey (PATS) over the years 1987 through 1990. Since PDFA advertising did not begin until after the first set of data were collected, we had a form of "natural experiment" where we could first address the factors influencing drug use on a control group (respondents interviewed prior to the commencement of PDFA advertising). We were then able to test hypotheses about the effectiveness of anti-drug advertising over the first three years of the program (_PHONE_).
The results support the hypothesis that anti-drug advertising lowers the probability of both marijuana and cocaine/crack trial by adolescents. Specifically, the results suggest that the cumulative impact of anti-drug advertising was to lower the probability of marijuana trial by 9.25% and cocaine trial by 3.6% at the individual level in year three of the program (1990). However, our results suggest that recall of anti-drug advertising did not generally affect adolescents' decisions regarding how much marijuana or cocaine/crack to use for those already using these drugs. Thus, although we find strong evidence suggesting that anti-drug advertising is associated with decreased drug trial, our results suggest that its impact on the volume of consumption of harder drugs by existing drug users is minimal.
JEL Classification: L3, M2, M3
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


text: By Durrell Nelson. Discussion of cookies found in Nauvoo in the middle to later part of the last century. The history of leavening agents is explained. Especially described, is the elaborate picture cookies of Germany called springerle. Several local families either have the molds used in the baking of these cookies or remember having known their family to have owned such molds.


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Eligibility: People with physical disabilities, people with epilepsy and children with autism.
Support Dogs is a national assistance dog charity (member of ADUK) dedicated to training dogs to transform the lives of people with physical disabilities, people with epilepsy, children with autism.
Support Dogs currently offers 3 training programmes:
Disability Assistance Programme - The client's pet dog is trained to provide assistance and support with everyday activities such as:
- Loading and unloading the washing machine
- Fetching the post
- Dressing and undressing
- Opening and closing doors
- Picking up and dropping objects
- Raising the alarm
Seizure Alert Programme - Support Dogs provide the dog for this programme. Seizure Alert Dogs are trained to give up to a 50 minute warning prior to an oncoming epilepsy seizure, allowing the client to get to a place of safety.
Autism Assistance Programme - Support Dogs provide the dog for this programme. Autism Assistance Dogs are trained to provide safety and companionship for children aged 4-10 years with autism. They have been shown to:
- Reduce stress for family members
- Promote positive changes in behaviour
- Provide comfort for the child when upset
- Increase safety for the child
- Enhance verbal communications
- Reduce social isolation
All qualified support dogs will receive a jacket and identification book which allows them access in restricted areas.
Whilst all the information given in this document was correct at the time of going to press, DIAL Doncaster cannot be held responsible for any subsequent changes.


run hot (not touchable) at 117 Watt heat input over a total channel length of 1.25 meters. With half the best input (45 Watt/meter channel) temperatures were acceptable. Based on this, a coil was designed for a 2.5 x 1.25 meter magnet with the following parameters: Voltage: 246 VDC Wire: 40 turns of 2.5 mm squared cross-section (litze wire) Ampere-turns (continuously): 450 Power"continuous"": 2750 Watt or 35 Watt per meter channel.
Peak Values: 1000 Amp turns (4 x bigger forces) 550 Volts peak, 13.75 kW Conclusion with respect to target weight.
In the above description, the general design of a cutting table lifting magnet is described So far this approach gives a magnet with a weight of: Steel channels + 0.8 wear plate: 145 kgf Coil copper wire: 65 kgf Structural parts: variable The target (equal to plate weight) seems feasible.
The preferred cross-section of the channels, disregarding the air gap, is square.
However, the channel cross-section could be rectangular, with the air gap on a long or a short side. Also, but substantially less desirable, the cross-section could be triangular or round. In fact, the cross-section can be any shape, but a shape that allows the air gap side to be flat and of maximum width, for example, a semi-circle with the air gap on the diameter side, is much preferred.
Lifting and dropping objects
The magnetic strength of an electromagnet depends on the number of turns or wire and the current through the wire, and the size of the iron core. This allows electromagnets to be made much larger and stronger than a natural magnet, such that they can pick up very large objects.
Also, when you turn off the electricity to an electromagnet, the magnetism is also turned off. Thus, an electromagnet can be used to pick up a piece of iron and then drop it someplace else.
Crane uses electromagnet to pick up junked car
What is an electromagnet?
When connected to an AC voltage or current source, the electromagnet will be changing its flux density as the current fluctuates. The polarity of the magnet will also change as the current reverses direction every half cycle. AC electromagnets can be used to demagnetize objects (like TV screens, audio tapes, vcr tapes) or to hold objects. However, due to the inductance of the electromagnet, the AC current that will actually flow will be reduced when compared to a DC voltage equal to the RMS value of the AC voltage feeding the electromagnet.
The key importance of an electromagnet is the ability to control the strength of the magnetic flux density, the polarity of the field, and the shape of the field. The strength of the magnetic flux density is controlled by the magnitude of the current flowing in the coil, the polarity of the field is determined by the direction of the current flow, and the shape of the field is determined by the shape of the iron core around which the coil is wound.
yoke.jpg (3806 bytes)
Here is an example of the yoke of a TV. It is made of two sets of electromagnets, perpendicular to each other, and mounts onto the neck of the TV tube. The current flowing through these wires controls the electron beam going to the screen of the TV, causing the beam to trace out a raster or series of horizontal lines, one after the other, from the top of the screen to the bottom, and then back to the top again for the next frame. This creates the picture we see on the TV screen. One set of windings moves the electron beam from left to right, the other set moves the electron beam from top to bottom.
Winding a coil
Before you can start with the construction of an electromagnet, you first need to figure out the following:
1. What will the core be made of
2. What magnetic flux density are you trying to achieve
3. How many turns will be required for this along with
4. How many amps will be flowing through the wire
5. How big will the wire have to be to handle the current
6. How much surface area will you have for cooling the coil
7. How big will the electromagnet be due to the above
8. What voltage rating will the insulation of the wire have to withstand
9. What will be the inductance of the electromagnet
10. Obtain the core, wire, bobbin (form for the winding)
11. Wind the coil
12. Test the electromagnet
As you can see, there may be some times as you go through these steps that once you get an answer, you may have to go back a step or two and make some modifications, and recalculate. This is an iterative process.
To help, I use the following excel spreadsheet. Please feel free to use it. No warranties are implied. There may be errors, but I don't think so. There is definitely room for improvement. Coildata excel file. Simply save it to disk, and then open it. Fill in the data needed in the green boxes. It will calculate the length of wire in a coil, the resistance, and get an approximate inductance for an air core if you want to play with some numbers.
Here are some excellent sources for help in building an electromagnet or coil.
A couple of things to keep in mind:
1. Use magnet wire with an enamel coating
2. If winding it onto a metal bar or bolt, first wrap the metal with one or two layers of electrical tape so the winding does not short out to the metal.
3. It takes time and care to do a clean, even winding.
4. After the first layer, wrap the layer with a thin piece of paper, or another layer of electrical tape, to provide a smooth surface for the second layer to lay on. Repeat this for each layer, or at least for every three layers.
When working with electromagnets, I have found that having a variac (a variac is a variable autotransformer) has been a great help. This provides a variable AC voltage source. When you plug something into it, you can adjust the output voltage anywhere from 0 to 140Vac. I start with it at zero, then slowly bring it up, watching the current and voltage. This way, I have control over what happens if there is a problem or a limitation. By connecting a diode bridge to the output of the variac, you also get a variable DC voltage source. They are rated by how much current they can handle. Choose one that can handle 2 or 3 amps minimum. As the amp rating goes up, so does the price. The cost of $100 is not bad for a 10 amp unit with a built in ammeter (a meter that measures amps)
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A transformer is simply two electromagnets which are magnetically coupled together. There is electrical isolation between the two windings, but power can be transferred from one winding (the primary) to the other winding (the secondary) via the alternating magnetic field. They work on AC voltages. The ratio of the secondary output voltage to the primary input voltage is equal to the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to the number of turns in the primary winding. (i.e., Vout/Vin = Nsecondary/Nprimary)
The photo on the left is a control transformer, and takes 230Vac in and drops it to 115Vac out for control circuits in industry. You can also turn it around and put 115Vac in and get 230Vac out. Transformers have a kVA rating which is the rated output Voltage times the rated output Amps divided by 1000. The one above is rated at 0.200kVA or 200VA. The two photos on the right show how to demonstrate the transformer action using two coils and the AC electromagnet from our electromagnet experiments.
Here is a source for what is needed to design and build autotransformers and electromagnets:
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This transformer was called a Sparker or Ignition coil, used to create the spark needed for the spark-plugs in cars from the '30s. It has a few turns for a primary winding, and lots of turns for a secondary winding. The mechanism at the end would open and close the circuit several times a second creating an AC like voltage on the primary (Since it was operated from a 12V battery, and transformers don't work on DC, a method was needed to create an AC type of voltage on the primary coil). The secondary has thousands of turns on it, creating a high voltage of around 30,000V which will arc about 10mm through the air.
Jacob's Ladder using a neon sign transformer
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This Jacob's Ladder uses a transformer which creates 15,000Vac on the secondary coil when 120Vac is applied to the primary coil. I built a box around the unit I show here. It has a


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Tang's nesting crows 2: Yes, whose eggs were those?
The three eggs in the crows' nest as seen in Tang's earlier image, also shown here, show similarity in colour and pattern. However, one of the eggs is of slightly different shape than the other two and smaller. And according to the literature, the Asian Koel's (Eudynamys scolopacea) egg is smaller than that of the House Crow's (Corvus splendens). Can the smaller egg then be that of the koel's? We need to monitor the situation and wait for the hatching. The nestling of the koel can easily be differentiated from that of the crow once feathers develop (see image of koel nestling, bottomj).
Angie found bluish shells with dark speckles as well as light cream ones at the base of the tree where the crows' nest was the day after koels attacked the nest (see image on left as well as earlier posting. Is it possible that either the crow or the koel laid eggs of two different colours? After all, as Lin Yang Chen pointed out, there are reports of egg dimorphism among certain species of birds. Unfortunately bird watchers have yet to pay much attention to such details.
Input by Hung Bun Tang, Angie Ng and Lin Yang Chen
Images (top to bottom) by HBT, Angie and YC


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Definition of metaphysically
adv. - In the manner of metaphysical science, or of a metaphysician. 2
The word "metaphysically" uses 14 letters: A A C E H I L L M P S T Y Y.
No direct anagrams for metaphysically found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after metaphysically (in bold), or to aacehillmpstyy in any order:
t - sympathetically
All words formed from metaphysically by changing one letter
Browse words starting with metaphysically by next letter


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For all districts
Sudden death in goats
FIRST PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER 1981
By Dr T. R. Thomas, district veterinary officer, Melbourne
Goats are not a particularly hardy species of animals in the higher rainfall areas of southern Australia. They can die quickly from a number of diseases. Any sudden death in a herd should be diagnosed so that measures can be taken to prevent further deaths.
The term "sudden death" is used to describe deaths that occur within 24 hours of signs of sickness occurring. Within this period of illness, whether goats that become sick are noticed before they die will depend on how often and how closely the herd is inspected. Where sudden deaths occur the Department of Agriculture should be notified so that a diagnosis can be made.
Anthrax is a rare cause of death of animals in Victoria. Most farm animals including goats are susceptible. It can occur in outbreaks causing serious losses.
Anthrax should be suspected in animals that die suddenly and show a blood discharge from the mouth, nose or anus. The carcases should not be moved.
The disease is transmissible to man.
The agnote "Anthrax and the farmer" describes this disease in detail in both animals and humans.
2. Clostridial diseases
The clostridial diseases are a major cause of sudden death in goats. The topic is fully covered in the agnote "Clostridia) diseases of goats".
3. Parasite infestations causing sudden death
(a) Acute liver fluke disease
Goats can die suddenly of acute liver fluke disease in the late summer. A post-mortem shows extensive liver damage.
(b) Acute worm infestation
Large numbers of Haemonchus contortus (Barber's pole worm) in the fourth stomach will cause sudden deaths usually in spring and autumn. This worm sucks blood and causes a fatal anaemia which, in goats observed before death, may cause pale mucous membranes and a collection of fluid swelling under the lower jaw. These signs may not be seen when deaths occur suddenly.
The small brown stomach worm (Ostertagia species), the small stomach worm (Trichostrongylus axes) and hair worms of the small intestine (Cooperia species and Trichostrongylus species) can cause sudden death if numbers are large enough. Hair worms are only 5-10 mm long, as fine as a hair, and can easily be missed on postmortem even when present in tens of thousands.
4. Metabolic diseases
Grass tetany and milk fever do not appear to be major diseases of goats. However, "transport tetany" and "capture myopathy" cause sudden deaths in goats.
Losses of feral goats transported long distances are commonly from 10 to 25%. The stress of capture and transport, changes in the routine of feeding and watering and change in climate will quickly cause any concurrent disease to become important. Goats that have travelled may die of induced enterotoxaemia, pregnancy toxaemia and transit tetany.
"Capture myopathy" is a muscular degeneration that occurs in wild animals including feral goats. It is not fatal immediately, it causes death by kidney malfunction later in life.
To reduce these losses, goats should be vaccinated with clostridial vaccine and drenched for parasites two weeks before transport. Dietary changes should be as gradual as possible and stress in transport reduced.
Most acute poisonings of goats are due to toxic plants and insecticides. Poisoning by other chemical agents such as lead and arsenic are uncommon.
Plants that will most commonly poison goats are azalea, rhododendron and oleander. Oleander is an extremely toxic plant which if eaten causes gastro-enteritis, paralysis and death from heart failure.
Azalea and rhododendron cause gastro-enteritis with salivation, abdominal pain and death.
Deaths in goats from insecticides occur when these compounds are not used according to the manufacturers' recommendations, and particularly when they are used excessively. Poisoning may occur when insecticide is accidentally swallowed. Usually there are nervous signs, such as over-excitement, muscular jerking and an inability to stand or walk properly.
Salivation is common and urine and faeces are passed more frequently. There are signs of abdominal pain. Eventually the goat goes into convulsions and dies.
Rat poison may be eaten by goats because it is often incorporated with grain. If large quantities are consumed death can be rapid.
Where poisoning is suspected, veterinary assistance should be sought immediately. There are specific antidotes for most insecticides. Consult the label for directions regarding first aid.
Great care should be taken with any poisonous substance. Since many are attractive to goats, uncontrolled access to them should not be allowed.
Mastitis is common in goats but is not always a cause of sudden death. Mastitis can be hyper-acute or may be so mild as to go unnoticed.
Details of the recognition, treatment, control and prevention of mastitis in goats, can be found in the agnote "Mastitis of goats".
Bloat occurs when goats consume large amounts of lush green leguminous feed such as lucerne and clovers. Bloat can also occur on lucerne hay.
In bloat the food mixture in the rumen or the first stomach forms a foam that the goat cannot belch away. As a result the gases formed by digestion build up. The rumen quickly fills with gas and the animal becomes distressed as pressure from the distended rumen increases. The abdomen is very swollen, and this swelling appears on the animal's left side. Death can occur quickly from failure of respiration and heart action as a result of pressure on the diaphragm.
If the goat is standing and there are no suitable stock medicines available it can be drenched with 60-120cc of either peanut, maize or safflower cooking oil. Oil will break up the foam and allow the gas to escape. After drenching, it may be necessary to massage the rumen or roll the goat over to spread the oil about among the contents inside the rumen.
If the goat is down, death may be close and quick action is usually needed. The goat should be stabbed with a clean sharp instrument or knife in the left flank behind the ribs so as to pass into the rumen. Allow the gas to escape fairly slowly, rather than in one or two seconds as this in itself may be fatal.
This is a life-saving procedure and any resulting infection can be attended to later by a veterinarian. Oil that is used for drenching affected goats can then be poured or squirted into the rumen via the wound created to release the gas.
There are commercially manufactured stock medicines on the market for bloat treatment, which are superior in action to household cooking oils; where bloat in goats is likely, owners should have these stock medicines on hand in the event of an emergency.
Where goats are grazing on lush legumes, access to roughage in the form of hay or dry pasture should always be provided. The bloating potential of pastures varies enormously. Some pastures may cause bloat in 30 minutes. Others may cause it after 24 hours.
The rule is to increase grazing time gradually, and watch for swelling of the abdomen, particularly during periods of lush pasture growth or when a change in the routine of the herd may cause a variation from the usual pattern of intake of food and water. The time spent grazing legumes must be strictly controlled.
8. Cerebrocortical necrosis (C.C.N.)
This disease is also known as Polioencephalomalacia (P.E.M.) or "Stargazing".
Vitamin B, (thiamine) is essential in goats to allow glucose to move via the blood to the brain. If thiamine is lacking in the diet or destroyed by substances in certain plants (such as bracken fern and nardoo fern) signs of C.C.N. can appear. Goats "stargaze", twitch muscles, then go into convulsions and die. Early in the course of the disease animals may appear blind, wander aimlessly or stand motionless. Thiamine given at this stage will often effect a complete recovery. If the goat has gone down and cannot stand without assistance, there is little advantage gained from treatment.
Diets that have a high molasses content can also predispose to this condition.
© 1981 Vic. Dept. Ag.


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The Wyoming Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention Toolkit is a collaborative effort between the Wyoming Department of Health and the Wyoming Survey & Analysis Center at the University of Wyoming (WYSAC). Funded through the Wyoming Grant to Prevent Prescription Drug/Opioid Overdose-Related Deaths (PDO), this project is intended to make information about prescription drug abuse and related prevention strategies more accessible.
This website aims to provide resources for prevention workers and other stakeholders throughout the lifecycles of prevention efforts. It is modeled after the Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF), a five-step, cyclical process to help stakeholders understand and address issues of substance abuse and addiction in their communities. The SPF model includes the following components:
- Assessment – Using current data to understand local needs
- Capacity – Building partnerships and resources to have capacity to address prevention needs
- Planning – Understanding best practices related to these needs and how to effectively implement them
- Implementation – Delivering the best practices or programs selected in the previous step
- Evaluation – Taking a look at how practices were implemented and whether they led to the intended outcome
Regardless of what step a community is at in its efforts to prevent prescription drug abuse, this website will provide the information and resources they need to get started, or to enhance work that's already being done.


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A Quick Cure If You're Feeling Dangerously Impulsive: Look At Some Nature
Want to put a stop to hasty decisions? Contemplating nature—even just images on your computer—could provide the self-control boost you need.
[Image: Moraine Lake via Shutterstock]
Next time you're about to send off a nasty email or buy something completely unnecessary on Amazon, stop and take a look at a photo of the forest. It might just make you reconsider.
A study from researchers at Utah State University has found that visual exposure to natural environments decreases impulsiveness—even if that exposure is just an image on a computer screen inside a lab. Past studies have found that the natural environment has positive effects on attention, happiness, and mood, but this is the first piece of research to look at how natural scenes affect impulsivity.
The study used a common test of impulsivity, called delay discounting to see how participants are affected by natural scenes. The researchers tried to see whether a participant would choose to immediately receive a small reward instead of getting a larger reward later.
Almost 200 undergraduate students came to a computer lab and viewed photos of either the natural world, the built environment, or, as a control group, photos of geometric shapes. After viewing numerous photos, a choice popped up on the computer screen, asking whether they would rather have a smaller amount of money now or a larger amount later. That choice popped up multiple times for each participant, with the amount of money and time varying based on their past answers.
In the end, researchers found statistically significant evidence that people exposed to images of natural environments are more self-controlled than people exposed to images of the built environment or the control environment. "It was a brief exposure—overall, less than 10 minutes on a computer screen, not an immersion in the environment," says Kerry Jordan, one of the researchers in the study, "We know that virtual views of nature can help us be healthier and restore attention, but other studies have shown immersion works even better."
It's probable, then, that people with constant access to nature can control their impulsivity better than nature-deprived city dwellers (lots of city dwellers have access to nature too, of course). Even making small changes to an indoor office, like adding plants, could decrease impulsivity.
The Utah State researchers don't know exactly why exposure to nature cuts down on impulsivity, but they have some theories. There could a be a mood difference between people looking at natural and built environment scenes. Perhaps perceptions of time have something to do with it (people often say that time seems to slow down when they're in nature, and slowed-down time perception could make longer gratification delays seem shorter). Jordan believes the most likely possibility is our increased capacity for attention when gazing at nature—the more we pay attention, the more we can think about the consequences of our decisions.
Jordan suspects that mood doesn't play a part in the equation. "People in better moods are usually more impulsive decision-makers. If that were the case, people should have been making more impulsive decisions," she says.
Next, the researchers plan to look at the effect that time perception has on impulsivity, and what happens when you expose people to photos of nature and the built environment in succession—more like the real world.
"It's an important area of research in part because it's such an easy intervention," says Jordan.


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|This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2008)|
Aristotle "Aris" Kristatos is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the Ian Fleming short story "Risico" found in the anthology For Your Eyes Only and the 1981 James Bond film For Your Eyes Only, in which he was referred to as Aris Kristatos. In the film, he was portrayed by Julian Glover.
Short story biography
In the short story, Signor Kristatos (no given first name) is Bond's CIA contact for a mission to break up a drug smuggling operation in Italy. Kristatos informs Bond that the man behind the operation is Enrico Colombo. After being captured and taken aboard Colombo's ship, the Colombina, Bond learns that Kristatos is actually a double agent, working for the Russians and the man behind the drug smuggling operation. Colombo proves this to Bond by taking him on a raid of Kristatos' warehouse where they catch Kristatos and his men loading a shipment of drugs. During a gun battle, Kristatos flees, only to be confronted and shot by Bond.
Kristatos comes from the island of Kefalonia. Generally regarded as a hero for his bravery in World War II and the Greek Civil War, which the British government awarded him the King's Medal, Kristatos was actually a double agent during both conflicts. Though he appeared to be a respectable businessman in the years thereafter, he was in fact a heroin smuggler and a Soviet agent. He developed a bloody feud with Milos Columbo, a rival smuggler. He is in union with rogue Nazi supporters who have aided him in smuggling gold, drugs and other supplies out of Britain. In the film, he is hired by General Gogol to obtain the British device ATAC, which controls Polaris missiles.
Bond meets Kristatos in the Alps, as well as his niece Bibi Dahl, a young iceskating champion who is tipped to be a future Olympic gold medalist. He makes his first attempt to kill Bond – and Melina Havelock – in the Alps by arranging for them to meet in an area where two of his henchmen try to run them down on motorcycles. However, Bond foils both motoryclists. However, Bond is completely unaware that Kristatos had anything to do with it, as he had led Bond to believe that Locque and the other henchmen were in the pay of Milos Columbo.
Later, Kristatos catches up with Bond when catching him playing baccarat. They have a private dinner about what Kristatos was going to tell Bond about his rival, Columbo.
After meeting Columbo's mistress, Countess Lisl von Schlaf (who is fatally run down by Emile Locque) and Columbo himself, Bond is told that Kristatos is the heroin smuggler, not Columbo. Lisl was later killed by Emile Locque, who had presumably been alerted by Kristatos's henchman Apostis, and Locque had attempted to kill Bond at the same time. Bond disarms Locque, and four men working for Columbo shoot the henchman dead. They then capture Bond and take him to Columbo.
When Bond and Kristatos cross paths again, he steals the ATAC, which Bond and Melina Havelock have just found, captures them, ties them with a rope to his boat and leaves them to die in shark-infested waters. Kristatos then flees to his headquarters on St. Cyril, Greece with Eric Kriegler, convinced that he has killed Bond and Melina.
After harming Bibi and watching Kriegler and Bond fight, Kristatos runs off with the ATAC, only to be confronted by Columbo. After a fierce physical battle, Melina is just about to gun Kristatos down but Bond tells her he has a better idea. But as Kristatos reaches for a hidden switchblade knife, Columbo throws his own knife into Kristatos's back, killing him.
- Emile Locque
- Eric Kriegler
- Hector Gonzales
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


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10:15 AM - 10:30 AM
[MIS24-11] Distribution of atmospheric gas concentration in eastern margin of Japan Sea: A preliminary report from the 7K14 cruises
Keywords:shallow gas hydrates, methane gas, distribution of gas concentration
We used the R/V Kaiyo-Maru No.7 (Kaiyo Engineering Co., Ltd., Japan) for the survey in the Oki Trough and offshore Akita-Yamagata (Mogami Trough) from mid April to early June 2014. Continuous measurement of atmospheric CH4 was performed on the ship using a wave-length-scanned cavity ring-down spectrometer (WS-CRDS) (model G2201-i, Picarro Inc., USA). Air sample was collected from an air intake at the top deck of the ship using an air pump placed in the observation room. To our experience, the ship sailed at approximately 6 knot. Location data were obtained from the nautical GPS.
Observed CH4 concentration over the sea surface was not uniform in Mogami Trough, while mostly uniform throughout the Oki Trough. In addition, there was a tendency that CH4 concentration in Mogami Trough was higher than that in Oki Trough.
This research was a part of METI's project entitled "FY2014 Promoting research and development on methane hydrate".


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I noticed today while troubleshooting an issue using Wireshark that if you close the Networking Tools tab while an active ping is running, then the ping process does not stop and the only only apparent method to end it is to exit the Terminals application.
I believe the expected behavior of closing the Networking Tools tab should be to terminate the Ping process.
Steps to reproduce:
- Start a packet capture using Wireshark or similar tool, perferably filter to IP of host you intend to ping.
- In Terminals, start a Ping of the host.
- Confirm that Wireshark is seeing ICMP packets.
- Without stopping the ping, close the Networking Tools tab.
- In Wireshark, the ICMP packets continue between hosts.


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Structural health monitoring (SHM) is important for reducing the maintenance and operation cost of safety-critical components and systems in offshore wind turbines. This paper proposes an in situ wireless SHM system based on an acoustic emission (AE) technique. By using this technique a number of challenges are introduced due to high sampling rate requirements, limitations in the communication bandwidth, memory space, and power resources. To overcome these challenges, this paper focused on two elements: (1) the use of an in situ wireless SHM technique in conjunction with the utilization of low sampling rates; (2) localization of acoustic sources which could emulate impact damage or audible cracks caused by different objects, such as tools, bird strikes, or strong hail, all of which represent abrupt AE events and could affect the structural health of a monitored wind turbine blade. The localization process is performed using features extracted from aliased AE signals based on a developed constraint localization model. To validate the performance of these elements, the proposed system was tested by testing the localization of the emulated AE sources acquired in the field.
- sound fields
- wind turbines


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The main objective of the CEN (European Standardization Institute) Technical Committee 411 is to develop standards for bio-based products covering horizontal aspects.
This includes a consistent terminology for bio-based products, sampling, bio-based content, application of and correlation towards LCA and sustainability of biomass used, and guidance on the use of existing standards for the end-of-life options.
As the TC's focus is horizontal standards, there is no intention to present threshold or default values. This is to be done by specific product standards or by political decision. The TC intends to develop classifications and guidance (on for instance product declarations).
The objective is to develop a standard on general terminology applicable to bio-based products, such as bio-lubricants, bio-surfactants, biopolymers and bio-solvents.Where necessary guidance towards the development of terminology for specific bio-based products and use in vertical standards should be developed for both other working groups and for users.
The term bio-based product refers to products wholly or partly derived from biomass, such as plants, trees or animals (the biomass can have undergone physical, chemical or biological treatment).
It is important to understand the meaning of the term and how it is being used. A standard defining general terms to be used in the field of bio-based products, EN 16575, was published by CEN in August 2014.
A selection of the definitions in the standard EN 16575:2014 is available for free:
The development of standards for solvents, covering product functionality (performance), toxicity, ecotoxicity,biodegradability, safety and, if necessary, product specific and sustainability aspects not covered under another CEN/TC 411 working group.
Special attention shall be paid to bio-based solvents and their possible differences, if any. Bio-based solvents might be discriminated by their biological origin, their life-cycle impact and their overall ecological impact. These functions therefore have to be explicitly described and made comparable.
The task of this Working Group is the development of methods for the determination of the bio-based content of solid, liquid and gaseous products.
The development of horizontal standards for bio-based products when it comes to sustainability criteria, life cycle analysis and issues related thereto. It is not the purpose of this standardization work to set thresholds or default values. This is to be done by specific product standards or by political decision.
The development of declaration and certification tools applicable to bio-based products identifying which characteristics can/should be assessed and how they should be reported. It is not in the scope to define criteria for products and/or packaging.