Postfix logging to file or stdout
Overview
Postfix supports it own logging system as an alternative to syslog (which remains the default). This is available with Postfix version 3.4 or later.
Topics covered in this document:
Configuring logging to file
Logging to file solves a usability problem for MacOS, and eliminates multiple problems for systemd-based systems.
 1. Add the following line to master.cf if not already present (note: there must be no whitespace at the start of the line):
 postlog unix-dgram n - n - 1 postlogd

 Note: the service type "unix-dgram" was introduced with Postfix 3.4. Remove the above line before backing out to an older Postfix version.
 2. Configure Postfix to write logging, to, for example, /var/log/postfix.log. See also the "Logfile rotation" section below for logfile management.
 # postfix stop
 # postconf maillog_file=/var/log/postfix.log
 # postfix start

 By default, the logfile name must start with "/var" or "/dev/stdout" (the list of allowed prefixes is configured with the maillog_file_prefixes parameter). This safety mechanism limits the damage from a single configuration mistake.
Configuring logging to stdout
Logging to stdout is useful when Postfix runs in a container, as it eliminates a syslogd dependency.
 1. Add the following line to master.cf if not already present (note: there must be no whitespace at the start of the line):
 postlog unix-dgram n - n - 1 postlogd

 Note: the service type "unix-dgram" was introduced with Postfix 3.4. Remove the above line before backing out to an older Postfix version.
 2. Configure main.cf with "maillog_file = /dev/stdout".
 3. Start Postfix with "postfix start-fg".
Rotating logs
The command "postfix logrotate" may be run by hand or by a cronjob. It logs all errors, and reports errors to stderr if run from a terminal. This command implements the following steps:
Notes:
Limitations
Background:
Limitations:


Integrating Go with C: the ZooKeeper binding experience
ZooKeeper is a clever generic coordination server for distributed systems, and is one of the core softwares which facilitate the development of Ensemble (project for automagic IaaS deployments which we push at Canonical), so it was a natural choice to experiment with.
The experience of integrating ZooKeeper with Go was certainly valuable on itself, and worked as a nice way to learn the details of integrating the Go language with a C library. If you're interested in learning a bit about Go, ZooKeeper, or other details related to the creation of bindings and asynchronous programming, please fasten the seatbelt now.
Basics of C wrapping in Go
Creating the binding on itself was a pretty interesting experiment already. I have worked on the creation of quite a few bindings and language bridges before, and must say I was pleasantly surprised with the experience of creating the Go binding. With Cgo, the name given to the "foreign function interface" mechanism for C integration, one basically declares a special import statement which causes a pre-processor to look at the comment preceding it. Something similar to this:
// _TAG_
import "C"
The comment doesn't have to be restricted to a single line, or to _TAG_ statements even. The C code contained in the comment will be transparently inserted into a helper C file which is compiled and linked with the final object file, and the given snippet will also be parsed and inclusions processed. In the Go side, that "C" import is simulated as if it were a normal Go package so that the C functions, types, and values are all directly accessible.
As an example, a C function with this prototype:
 void *context, struct Stat *stat);
In Go may be used as:
cstat := C.struct_Stat{}
rc, cerr := C.zoo_wexists(zk.handle, cpath, nil, nil, &cstat)
When the C function is used in a context where two result values are requested, as done above, Cgo will save the well known errno variable after the function has finished executing and will return it wrapped into an os.Errno value.
Also, note how the C struct is defined in a way that can be passed straight to the C function. Interestingly, the allocation of the memory backing the structure is going to be performed and tracked by the Go runtime, and will be garbage collected appropriately once no more references exist within the Go runtime. This fact has to be kept in mind since the application will crash if a value allocated normally within Go is saved with a foreign C function and maintained after all the Go references are gone. The alternative in these cases is to call the usual C functions to get hold of memory for the involved values. That memory won't be touched by the garbage collector, and, of course, must be explicitly freed when no longer necessary. Here is a simple example showing explicit allocation:
Note the use of the defer statement above. Even when dealing with foreign functionality, it comes in handy. The above call will ensure that the buffer is deallocated right before the current function returns, for instance, so it's a nice way to ensure no leaks happen, even if in the future the function suddenly gets a new exit point which didn't consider the allocation of resources.
In terms of typing, Go is more strict than C, and Cgo-based logic will also ensure that the types returned and passed into the foreign C functions are correctly typed, in the same way done for the native types. Note above, for instance, how the call to the free() function has to explicitly convert the value into an unsafe.Pointer, even though in C no casting would be necessary to pass a pointer into a void * parameter.
The unsafe.Pointer is in fact a very special type within Go. Using it, one can convert any pointer type into any other pointer type in an unsafe way (thus the package name), and also back and forth into a uintptr value with the address of the memory referenced by the pointer. For every other type conversion, Go will ensure at compilation time that doing the conversion at runtime is a safe operation.
Watch callbacks and channels
One of the most interesting (and slightly tricky) aspects of mapping the ZooKeeper concepts into Go was the "watch" functionality. ZooKeeper allows one to attach a "watch" to a node so that the server will report back when changes happen to the given node. In the C library, this functionality is exposed via a callback function which is executed once the monitored node aspect is modified.
It would certainly be possible to offer this functionality in Go using a similar mechanism, but Go channels provide a number of advantages for that kind of asynchronous notification: waiting for multiple events via the select statement, synchronous blocking until the event happens, testing if the event is already available, etc.
The tricky bit, though, isn't the use of channels. That part is quite simple. The tricky detail is that the C callback function execution happens in a C thread started by the ZooKeeper library, and happens asynchronously, while the Go application is doing its business elsewhere. Right now, there's no straightforward way to transfer the execution of this asynchronous C function back into the Go land. The solution for this problem was found with some help from the folks at the golang-nuts mailing list, and luckily it's not that hard to support or understand. That said, this is a good opportunity to get some coffee or your preferred focus-enhancing drink.
The solution works like this: when the ZooKeeper C library gets a watch notification, it executes a C callback function which is inside a Gozk helper file. Rather than transferring control to Go right away, this C function simply appends data about the event onto a queue, and signals a pthread condition variable to notify that an event is available. Then, on the Go side, once the first ZooKeeper connection is initialized, a new goroutine is fired and loops waiting for events to be available. The interesting detail about this loop, is that it blocks within a foreign C function waiting for an event to be available, through the signaling of the shared pthread condition variable. In the Go side, that's how the call looks like, just to give a more practical feeling:
// This will block until there's a watch available.
data := C.wait_for_watch()
watch_data *wait_for_watch() {
 watch_data *data = NULL;
 if (first_watch == NULL)
 pthread_cond_wait(&watch_available, &watch_mutex);
 data = first_watch;
 first_watch = first_watch->next;
 return data;
if stat == nil && err == nil {
 event := <-watch
 // Use event...
This entry was posted in Architecture, Article, C/C++, Go, Project, Snippet. Bookmark the permalink.
3 Responses to Integrating Go with C: the ZooKeeper binding experience
 1. Cody Schafer says:
 The code for waiting on the condition variable is incorrect, the condition is not garunteed to be true on return from the pthread_cond_wait function, thus
 if (first_watch == NULL)
 pthread_cond_wait(&watch_available, &watch_mutex);
 should be
 while (first_watch == NULL)
 pthread_cond_wait(&watch_available, &watch_mutex);
 I apologize if someone has already pointed this out or you are otherwise aware of the issue.
 2. Hi Cody,
 I actually thought about this, but decided to implement this way because there's a single consumer, which means the only way to make a non-empty queue empty again is with this lone thread.
 Since you mentioned it, though, I decided to dig a bit deeper, and found out that the thread can be awaken *without signaling*, which indeed would break this logic. Here is a link if someone else is interested:
 I'll fix it, thanks.
 3. Patrick says:
 Thanks very much, this will help me get started
Leave a Reply


text:
Dwarf Soldiers form the dwarfs' army. They are quite strong fighters and know how to make use of the complex terrain very well. Due to their shortness they can use passages through the mountains where nobody can follow them and attack with their crossbows from hiding-places where nobody expects them.
Dwarf Soldiers have 135 hitpoints. They are strong against earth damage. On the other hand, they are weak against death and fire damage. It takes 360 mana to summon or convince these creatures.
Dwarf Soldiers yield 70 experience points. They carry bolts, gold coins, shovels, soldier helmets, white mushrooms and sometimes other items with them.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A general theory is used to describe the correlation properties of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in a birefringent, linear, dispersive medium such as optical fibers. The theory includes the effects of frequency dependence of birefringence on all orders, and it is capable of providing statistical information about second- and higher-order correlations among the polarization and PMD vectors. We apply the general theory to study pulse broadening induced by different-order PMD and PMD-induced pulse distortion through the third- and fourth-order temporal moments (related to skewness and flatness, respectively). Our analytic results are in good agreement with numerical simulations.
© 2003 Optical Society of America
(_PHONE_) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics communications
(_PHONE_) Fiber optics and optical communications : Optical communications
(_PHONE_) Fiber optics and optical communications : Pulse propagation and temporal solitons
(_PHONE_) Physical optics : Dispersion
(_PHONE_) Physical optics : Polarization
Qiang Lin and Govind P. Agrawal, "Correlation theory of polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 292-301 (2003)

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Below is an extract from the Acts of Alabama, 1818 to 1828, found online. This is one of many Acts pertaining to people of color that will be posted on this blog. The original documents are at the Alabama Department of Archives and History in Montgomery, AL.
- View the Acts of Alabama, _PHONE_.
- View the Acts of Alabama in Color (Index) on this blog.
- View all extracts on this blog this far.
An act to authorise Killis Walton to emancipate a negro man named Tom (1820).
Session: Annual Session, Oct – Dec 1820
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Alabama, in General Assembly convened, That Killis Walton, of Lawrence county, be, and he is hereby authorised and empowered to emancipate and set free a negro man slave, aged forty years, named Tom, so soon as the said Killis Walton, shall have executed to the chairman, or chief justice of the county court of Lawrence, and his successors it office, a bond, with sufficient security, to be approved by the county court, conditioned, that said negro man slave Tom, shall never become chargeable to this State, or any county or town within the same.
[Approved, December 11, 1820.]

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Whistler
The jewel of The Reach.
August 5, 2021
System Overview
Whistler is a main sequence G-type white dwarf located in the Perseus Arm of the Milky Way galaxy, approximately 7500ly from Earth. Its multiple habitable worlds and resource-rich bodies made it a target too perfect to pass up for the Lifeboat program. Lifeboat 5, christened Leif Eriksson, arrived in Whistler in AD 9649, also known as Whistler Year (wy) 0.
Planets & Notable Objects
Traeger
UWP: C50031A-A
Traeger is a small planet in an intensely close, tidally-locked orbit to Whistler. Named after Jolene Traeger, Chief Engineer of the Leif Eriksson, the small planet is unremarkable in composition, but astounding in one critical way: Traeger's heavy atmosphere of sulphur, carbon dioxide, and argon, combined with its proximity to the star, creates the perfect cocktail for the natural creation of the Hydrogen isotope Tritium, which fuels Korolev drives. Harvesting the radioactive isotope naturally is exponentially cheaper than creating it in fusion refineries, and Tesla Energy operates several facilities on Traeger that provide the majority of the reaction mass used by spacecraft in The Reach.
Inner Belt & Hole
UWP: CS00447-A
Whistler's inner belt is rich in both heavy commodity minerals as well as some rare elements. This belt has been a key source of raw materials for spaceborne applications practically since the colony's founding. Hole is a larger asteroid, roughly 700km in circumference that had been mined out early, then spun up for gravity and converted into a hub for mining operations in the belt. Zijin and Komatsu maintain a strong presence here, but Hole is administered by the Miners Union.
Simmons
UWP: C73131A-A
Named after the Leif Eriksson's Navigator, Charles Simmons, Simmons the planet is a cauldron of tectonic and volcanic activity, which has essentially rendered its relatively mild atmosphere uninhabitable. The planet has one small moon, named Pershing by Simmons himself for reasons that are lost to history. Pershing is a wholly uninteresting, but stable rock with a thin, somewhat breathable (but nonrenewable) atmosphere. The Council has made the moon off-limits to civilians and maintains several research, development, and testing facilities there.
Musk
UWP: B86A715-A
Named after the Tesla Energy scion who provided massive funding and material for the Lifeboat 5 mission, Musk and its four moons are nearly identical in that they have beautiful, temperate, breathable atmospheres, and deep oceans covering almost the entire surface teeming with all manner of life. The planet and its moons have become hubs for biological research and recreation, with several floating arcologies dotting the surface. The Council has allocated the moon Whye to HiGro-UTex and BioGen for the development of fisheries using genetic stock originally brought from Earth. The destruction of the native ecology of Whye is nearly total, but in exchange the moon has become a food basket for The Reach.
Whistler
UWP: A866938-A
Whistler is the jewel of the Lifeboat project: an Earth-like world orbiting an Earth-like star at an Earth-like distance. The planet's axial tilt creates warm southern oceans, an equator of vast deciduous forests and mountains, and a northern tundra. The temperatures are temperate, the atmosphere is perfect for humans, and even the vast array of life is relatively amino and protein compatible with that from Earth. After nearly six centuries on Whistler, the planet's ecology has merged somewhat with the genetic diversity brought from Earth, and The Council has remained stringent about the human population always taking the long view of the planet as a permanent home and not reliving the sins of the past. While the planet is dotted with thousands of cities, farms, and corporate facilities, there are two metropolises: Stephen's Landing, which was the original colony site, and the newer Skyward, which serves as the seat of The Council, commerce, and the newly-completed elevator up to Eriksson station.
There are numerous facilities in orbit, including Eriksson station (a massive orbital port constructed around the original colony ship) and the Phoenix Propulsion Labs naval shipyards, as well as on Whistler's three moons.
Korolev
UWP: C861600-A
Whistler's fourth Goldilocks-zone planet, named after the inventor of the engine that got humanity to The Reach, is a post-hydrosphere desert with a chilly, breathable atmosphere, a variety of subterranean life (yes, there are sandworms), and with no discernible commercial value whatsoever. This has made Korolev a prime location for homesteaders, adventurers, and often criminals who want to live out of the watchful eye of The Council but don't have the means or fortitude to settle in the outer planets. Hundreds of small settlements dot the planet's rocky regions, each with their own customs and norms. The Council doesn't recognize the sovereignty of any settlement on Korolev, and while rarely enforces the law, will not hesitate to pursue criminals, or, in one case, even bomb hubs of piracy from orbit. Korolev's one moon is unremarkable, but does have a traveler's aid station and a small naval garrison and listening post.
Mao
UWP: C9C031A-A
Named after Leif Eriksson planetary scientist Mao Chu Hua, Whistler's sixth planet is extremely large for a rocky world with a crushingly-thick sulfuric acid atmosphere. While the technology exists to explore its surface, the expense is far too great. Two large moons stand out amongst Mao's dozens of tiny satellites: Settlement was one of the first hostile-environment colonies in Whistler, chosen partially as a waystation due to orbital dynamics between Whistler and Feldman, and partially due to extremely rare mineral deposits in the moon itself. Slightly smaller than its sister moon, Tengliu is home to a joint research facility between Sagan Institute and BioGen.
Brin
UWP: DLGG313-A
Brin is the closest of Whistler's gas giants, named after the Alphabet and AutoDoc scion who provided funding and primary research for the Lifeboat 5 mission. It has four large moons among its dozens of satellites, all of which are home to small commercial industrial endeavors.
Cartwright & Toussant
UWP: D41521A-A
Cartwright and Toussaint – named after Leif Eriksson Chief Physician and Chief Environmental Systems Engineer respectively, are remarkable only in how identical they are. They are identically-sized icy bodies, with iron cores and seas of frozen nitrogen and nearly identical features. This has been a source of curiosity for generations of Whistler planetary scientists, but no one has a defensible theory about how such similarity could come about. There are a number of small research stations on each planet.
Yang
UWP: ALGG51A-A
Leif Eriksson Executive Officer Martin Yang's namesake is the industrial center of the outer planets. The gas giant is surrounded by two large moons and a resource rich belt. Trinity Station and Shipyards is a corporate city in orbit around Yang and produces ships, fuel, and refined materials for the outer worlds and some discerning clients further down the well.
Outer Belt, Freyr & Freyja
UWP: C00061A-A
Whistler's outer belt is a dense, resource-rich treasure trove of ice and raw materials. Like many resource rich bodies in Whistler, it's been exploited by a multi-generational subculture of miners, eking out a living in the harsh environs. Two large mines, Freyr and Freyja have been spun up and provide hubs for commerce – though most of Freyja has been converted to a Council naval base after the uprisings on Demeter over a century ago.
Feldman & Demeter
UWP (Demeter): A267944-A
Stephen Feldman was the Commanding Officer of the Leif Eriksson, and the last gas giant of Whistler was named after him not for the planet itself, but for its unique gem of a moon, a surprise and delight to the Lifeboat 5 exhibition. Feldman's moon Demeter is a small Earth-like world shockingly far from the star. It is warmed by an uncommonly hot core and tidal forces from the planet, though planetary scientists insist the math simply doesn't work and there must be additional factors. It is warm, wet, and thriving with tropical life possessing similar biological chemistry as that found in the rest of the system. It even has a tiny moon of its own, named New Luna due to its dusty and pockmarked appearance. Demeter was an easy early second colony for the new residents of Whistler, as well as the source of the colony's first civil war. In the present day, The Council allows Demeter to self-govern, its sovereignty ending at the edges of its atmosphere.
Fuchs
UWP: DS0011A-A
The far-flung world Fuchs, named after the Lief Eriksson astronomer Hettie Fuchs, is a tiny, cold rock. It is home to a deep-space observatory operated by the University of Whistler.
Yama
UWP: XS00000-A
Yama is a sizable asteroid that approaches Whistler every few hundred years. The Council has sent numerous


G/G full form
Meaning : Ground-to-Ground communication
Category : Telecommunication
Sub Category :Military
Type : Abbreviation
What does G/G mean or stand for?
Ground-to-Ground communication as opposed to ground to air which is used by air traffic controllers to aircraft.G/G can be used in various situation and is mostly used by military units that need a secure communications channel to relay important information.


Yoriichi Type Zero ( (より) (いち) (ぜろ) (しき) Yoriichi Reishiki?) is a Battle Doll constructed by Kotetsu's ancestors during the Sengoku Era. According to Kotetsu's father, it was based off of an actual person, that being Yoriichi Tsugikuni.[2][3]
Yoriichi Type Zero's appearance largely resembles Yoriichi Tsugikuni, the person it was modelled after. It has six arms and hands that each hold a katana, due to the fact that two arms weren't enough to even come close replicate Yoriichi's movements. It is also shown to be heavily damaged, with half of its face and one of its arms missing.
Swordsmith Village Arc
Abilities and Powers
Yoriichi Type Zero has 108 different movements based off of the person it was modelled after. Its power surpasses most humans, which is why it is used as a training dummy for Demon Slayers. However, as centuries passed on, it has vastly withered and eroded, making it likely far weaker than what it was during the Sengoku Era.
 1. Kimetsu no Yaiba Manga: Chapter 103 (Page 3).
 2. Kimetsu no Yaiba Manga: Chapter 102 (Pages 17-19).
 3. Kimetsu no Yaiba Manga: Chapter 103 (Pages 2-3).


model (Chen et al., 2018). The mass of a certain identified vehicle is unchanged when it is driving on the bridge, but the speed and location are changing with time, and its location is closely related to the vehicle type, so the construction of the random traffic flow model requires three main parameters, which are the vehicle type, vehicle speed, and vehicle weigh. The random traffic flow simulation method is as follows:
(1) Bridge vehicle types division: Based on the bridge's WIM data in the past year, vehicles are divided according to different axle group types, and six basic vehicle types are distinguished. On this basis, wheelbases of different vehicle types are determined according to the measured wheelbase data and common wheelbase parameters, as shown in Table 2. Statistics show that the six basic vehicle types can cover all vehicles passing through the bridge.
(2) Determination of statistical models for the weight and initial velocity of different vehicle types: Analysis of the bridge's weight data reveals that the weight of each vehicle type exhibits a multimodal distribution, and common distribution functions such as normal and lognormal distributions are unable to fit the data well. Therefore, this paper uses the Expectation-Maximization algorithm to establish a probability statistical model for the weight of vehicles based on a mixture of Gaussian distributions, as shown in Figure 3. In addition, the initial velocity is the basis for simulating the vehicle's performance on the bridge and plays a decisive role in the travel time of vehicles on the bridge. Based on the distribution characteristics of velocity data, this paper uses the t-distribution to establish a probability statistical model for the initial velocity, as shown in Figure 4.
(3) Random vehicle load simulation: Traffic load simulation mainly simulates the generation of random vehicles and the following situation of vehicles on the bridge deck. Among them, the simulation of random vehicle generation aims to determine the size of the traffic load; the simulation of vehicle following conditions considers the mutual influence between vehicles, and the vehicle following model can be used to calculate the acceleration of vehicles at any time. By leading into the vehicle's initial speed and arrival time, the position of the vehicle in the direction of travel on the bridge deck can be determined. Relevant studies have shown that the vehicle arrival process follows the Poisson point process of arrival rate λ, the formula for calculating the arrival rate is shown in Eq. 2; The position of vehicles in the transverse direction of the bridge is mainly selected based on the lane distribution characteristics of the vehicles. This article determines the lane selection characteristics of the bridge based on the bridge WIM data, as shown in Table 3.
λ=Qh3600(2)
TABLE 2
_URL_
TABLE 2. Vehicle type classification.
FIGURE 3
_URL_
FIGURE 3. Probability distribution model of vehicle weight.
FIGURE 4
_URL_
FIGURE 4. Probability distribution model of vehicle speed.
TABLE 3
_URL_
TABLE 3. Lane distribution (%).
Where: Qh is the average hourly traffic volume during the simulation period.
In a word, the main process for establishing a stochastic vehicle flow dynamic model is as follows:
①Determine bridge traffic volume based on statistical data of bridge traffic flow during simulation periods; ②Based on the traffic volume and simulation duration, the number and arrival time of vehicles are generated according to the Poisson point process theory; ③Determine a statistical model for vehicle parameters based on WIM data, and use the Monte Carlo method to generate a vehicle model library containing vehicle information parameters; ④Based on the vehicle model library containing vehicle information parameters, vehicle arrival time, and initial speed, the vehicle operation program based on the vehicle following theory can calculate and obtain the load data (i.e., vehicle flow data) of each bridge node under each load step; ⑤Load the traffic flow data into the finite element model and perform transient dynamic analysis, extract the longitudinal displacement time history of the beam end for subsequent research.
3.2 Dynamic model updating and inspection
Figure 5 shows the suspension bridge's three-dimensional finite element model established using ANSYS. The main girder was simulated using Beam188 elements, while the main cables and suspender cables were simulated using Link10 elements. The end of the main cables and the bottom of the bridge tower were all solidified, the main tower and the main cables obeyed the master-slave constraint relationship at the top position of the tower, and the main cables and suspender cables shared the same node at the cable clamp, suspender cables shared the same node with the main girder at the lifting point, the support was simulated by elastic support, and the girder end dampers were simulated by the Combin37 unit based on the kelvin model (Hu et al., 2020). The girder end displacement simulation under traffic load is carried out by loading the dynamic random traffic flow data obtained based on the above traffic load simulation method into the finite element model for transient dynamic analysis.
FIGURE 5
_URL_
FIGURE 5. The bridge's finite Element Model.
In addition, in order to ensure that the longitudinal simulated motion of the main girder under random traffic flow accords with the actual operating condition of the bridge, the model was updated by adjusting the girder end restraint parameters based on the mechanical performance test results of the bridge's the restraint device.
Based on the bridge's service support, the mechanical properties of the support are tested by changing the state of the wear plate, and the corresponding hysteresis curve is obtained as shown in Figure 6, which shows that the wear plate's friction coefficient of the support is 0.011 under the condition of new silicone grease coverage, which satisfies the specification limit of 0.03. While the friction coefficient of support with a service life of 3.5 years is 0.057, which is much larger than the specification value, and significantly larger than that under the condition of no silicone grease or severe wear (0.028/0.047), indicating that the bridge support with a service life of 3.5 years is not in the service condition of no silicone grease or severe wear, and the significant increase of its friction coefficient mainly lies in the hydrolysis of silicone grease and foreign matter inclusions. The changing trend of the friction coefficient during the support service process is shown in Figure 7. Since the support's service life is about 2.5 years when the dampers are installed, the friction coefficient of the model support is taken to be 0.03 as a result of the above test.
FIGURE 6
_URL_
FIGURE 6. Hysteresis curve of the bridge's service support.
FIGURE 7
_URL_
FIGURE 7. Variation of friction coefficient during the support's service.
The bridge's health monitoring results showed that its main girder movement velocity is less than 10 mm/s, as shown in Figure 8. The mechanical performance experiment of the bridge's viscous damper shows that the mechanical relationship of the damper before and after service under low-speed conditions (<10 mm/s) do not satisfy its design constitutive relationship, and the damping force under low-speed conditions is smaller than the design value, as shown in Figure 9. Therefore, the damping index of the damper in the model is adjusted to 1,000 kN/m/sα (smaller than the design value), and the adjusted damping force is consistent with the test results, as shown in Figure 9, and the velocity index is the design value of 0.3.
FIGURE 8
_URL_
FIGURE 8. Measured girder end motion speed.
FIGURE 9
_URL_
FIGURE 9. Damping force versus velocity.
To validate the accuracy of the dynamic analysis model, Figure 10 compares the time-domain curves of the girder end's simulated longitudinal displacement and the measured high-frequency longitudinal displacement (obtained based on the EWT method). It can be seen that the two time-domain curves are relatively similar in fluctuation.
FIGURE 10
_URL_
FIGURE 10. Comparison of longitudinal simulated displacement and measured displacement at girder end.
To quantitatively evaluate the similarity between the simulated displacement and the measured displacement, this paper uses the Euclidean distance as the corresponding index. The expression for calculating the Euclidean distance is as follows:
d=i=1nxiyi2(3)
Where xi and yi are the vectors of the two types of signals; the smaller the Euclidean distance, the more similar the two signals. The calculated similarity between the simulated displacement and the measured displacement is 0.1634, indicating that the two signals have a high degree of similarity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the finite element model under random traffic loads established in this study can well simulate the dynamic displacement response of the girder end.
4 Influence of constraint device on girder end displacement
4.1 Effect analysis of viscous damper
The significant longitudinal displacement of a long-span suspension bridge's stiffening girder under dynamic load is characteristic of its structure itself. To control the stiffening girder end displacement response and prolong the service life of expansion joints, bearings, and other components, viscous dampers are usually installed longitudinally at the joint of the tower and girder (Zhao et al., 2020). For analyzing the influence of viscous dampers on the main girder's longitudinal motion, based on the above finite element model under random traffic flow and the measured data of the bridge, this paper compares and analyzes the displacement of the girder end before and after installing dampers to verify the control effect of viscous dampers on the girder end's longitudinal motion.
Figure 11 shows the finite element simulated longitudinal dynamic response of the girder end with random traffic flow before and after installing dampers. As can


Back to Home
The Lemonade Diet
 -- The Master Cleanser --
 by Stanley Burroughs
When to Use It
How Long and Often?
for serious conditions.
How to Make Lemonade
An ideal formula involves freshly extracted juice from the sugar cane (readily available in India,
but not generally in the United States at the present time):
Blend a part of the lemon skin and pulp with the lemonade in a blender for further cleansing and laxative effect. (Note: commercially procured lemons may have had their skins dyed with yellow coloring and may have been subjected to poisonous insect sprays - be sure to peel off the outer skin if you cannot get uncolored, organically grown lemons.) The properties in the lemon skin also act as a hemostatic to prevent excess bleeding and to
prevent clotting internally should there be any such prevailing condition. (Don't worry - normal conditions will continue during the menstrual periods.)
cleansing period.
Special Instructions for the Diabetic:
DIABETES is the result of a deficiency diet consisting in part of white sugar and white flour. The lemonade with molasses is an ideal way to correct this deficiency. FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY FOR BEST RESULTS. The molasses supplies the necessary elements for the pancreas to produce insulin. As the necessary elements are supplied to the pancreas, the amount of insulin taken may also be gradually reduced -- as an example.
explained in the following pages.
How Much Does One Drink?
The lemonade is already a food in liquid form.
to reduce. Extra water may be taken as desired.
Helping the Cleansing Along
Another Cleansing Aid: Internal Salt Water Bathing
then the herb laxative tea must be taken night and morning.
How to Break the Lemonade Diet
You are now ready to eat normally.
Drink several 8,oz. glasses of orange juice during the day - with extra water, if needed. Some time during the afternoon prepare a vegetable soup (no canned soup) as follows:
Recipe for Vegetable Soup
salt in the September 1977 issue of National Geographic magazine.
and tends to develop toxins throughout the body.
where it can cause intense pain and suffering.)
several more days until the system is ready for food.
Recap of the steps to be taken in the diet.
Be careful to read the entire instructions so that the diet will
be of the best benefit to you.
The Night Before starting the diet take the laxative tea.
In the morning take the salt water (or) laxative tea. This should be done each night and morning during the diet - rare exception - if diarrhea develops. When diarrhea is ended then continue above directions.
Now the lemonade formula (see How to Make Lemonade. For diabetic people, see Special Instruction).
About Lemon
Its oxygen builds vitality.
Its carbon acts as a motor stimulant.
Its sodium encourages tissue building.
Its magnesium acts as a blood alkalizer.
Its chlorine cleanses the blood plasmas
Its silicon aids the thyroid for deeper breathing.
About Maple Syrup:
The maple syrup is a balanced form of positive and negative sugar and must be used, not some "substitute.
"There are three grades of maple syrup. Grade A is the first run - mild in taste, sweet and with less minerals than the other grades. It is more expensive and less desirable but it may be used. Grade B is the second run with more minerals plus more maple taste. It is more suitable for the diet and is less expensive. Grade C is the third run with even more minerals and still stronger taste of maple and slightly less pleasant for most people, although acceptable in the diet. It is lower in price. As Grade C is less expensive it can be used as an excellent sweetening agent in preparing foods. The strong maple flavor blends very well.
Some uninformed operators of the sugaring of the maple syrup do use formaldehyde pellets, run through polyethylene tubing but there are many more that don't. Search out and demand the kind not using formaldehyde. The Maple River Company in Youngstown, New York does not use it. This is the kind I recommend.
Dozens of letters weekly, from around the world highly praise the many superior benefits of the lemonade diet. Thus, we must conclude that since it does so much for so many it is truly The Master Cleanser. The following is a quote from one of the letters: "I tried the lemonade diet with exceptionally beneficial results. I would like to order at least six at whatever your wholesale price would be - I know I will need many more as I do push the books. I believe they are the best in their field."
What About the Use of Honey?
Honey must not be used at any time internally. It is manufactured from the nectar picked up from the flowers by the bees - good enough in itself, perhaps - then predigested, vomited and stored for their own future use with a preservative added. It is deficient in calcium and has many detrimental effects for the human being.
According to one authority, honey is "a magical and mystical word in Healthfoodland. It is one of the most over promoted, overpriced product being sold to gullible health foodists. The great value attributed to honey is delusive... honey is only a little less empty and more dangerous than sugar."
Just as with alcohol, honey, being predigested, enters the blood directly, raising the sugar content very rapidly above normal. To correct this, the pancreas must produce insulin immediately or possible death can occur. More insulin than necessary is likely to be produced, and the blood sugar level then drops below normal. This can produce blackout spells and even death if it goes too low. When blood sugar is below normal, a person will feel depressed. The regular use of honey can create constant imbalances, which in turn will adversely affect the normal function of the liver, pancreas and spleen. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are the results of the use of unbalanced sugars. The balanced sugar in maple syrup and sugar cane juice causes no dangerous side effects. All natural fruits and vegetables have balanced sugars in them. Artificial, synthetic, and refined sugars have no place in a natural diet.
Should I Take "Supplements"?
Some people want to take vitamin pills or food supplements while on the diet. This frequently fails to produce the desired result. There are many reasons. As the lymphatic glands become clogged, they are no longer able to assimilate and digest even the best of foods. As we cleanse our bodies and free our cells and glands of toxins that clog and paralyze our assimilation, we free our various organs and processes to do their proper jobs. Note Page 20. All the necessary vitamins and minerals are in the lemonade, and therefore we do not need an additional supply in most cases.
Vitamin pills and supplements do not grow on trees as such but rather come to us in fruits, berries, vegetables and plants. Man will never take a group of natural or synthetic foods; process and combine them in a variety of products, and come up with anything equal or better than the original. They have lost much of their basic life and energy by combining them according to a man made concept. Many dangerous side effects can occur because of improper and unequal balances present. Stay with the natural laws of balance. First one must decided if God is right or if man is right. If God is right then man and his ideas of processing -tearing apart and rearranging - are likely to be wrong.
Later, as we consume a more complete variety of foods, we find our sources of vitamins and minerals complete and in forms that are easily assimilated - it should not be necessary to return to these supplements even if one is accustomed to taking them. The sources of good food are steadily being enlarged as people become more educated concerning them. Search these sources and rely on them for your total nutritional needs.
What About the Use of Vitamins
Vitamins and minerals have always been a necessary part of natural living. Not satisfied with God's plan, man has attempted to improve the situation by separating them from fresh live foods, then processing and combining them to conform to his concept of what they should be. Not satisfied with the finished product, attempts were made to produce them synthetically. It was big business - and we became a world of "pill pushers," whether they were needed or not. More often they were not needed. No one really knew if the pills were needed, or how many - people just took them because they might have a deficiency!
Just how these vitamins and minerals should be balanced and formulated led to many differences of opinion. A large variety of experts, in processing and manufacturing of pills, disagree as to how the many billions of pills should be made. They all have different formulas and claim theirs are the best even though much is lost in the processing. However, even without any clear consensus as to their worth and use,
they were manufactured and processed; therefore they must be sold with no thought as to possible side effects from overdosing or imbalances. Millions of dollars are made by the producers and the sellers with little regard for the true needs of the consumer.
In reality, the whole process could have been completely avoided. Our Creator has already done a better job of making sure we receive all the needed vitamins and minerals in a perfectly balanced form. Only the finest of natural foods in their original package are good enough for bringing complete energy and life to build and retain a healthy body. Any time man attempts to improve on God's formulas and plans, the result is bound to be a failure.
The simple rules to complete nutrition include all the vitamins and minerals needed by all mankind and all animals. Our Creator


How Apple Music and the iCloud Music Library work with iTunes Match
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On its website Apple describes Apple Music and iTunes Match as "independent but complementary," but in fact the services are closely connected through a third feature: iCloud Music Library.
Effectively, iCloud Music Library — turned on via settings in iTunes 12.2 or iOS 8.4 — incorporates iTunes Match, which makes a person's local iTunes library (including playlists) available for remote streaming or download whether the songs were bought from the iTunes Store, ripped from a CD, or otherwise imported.
If Match can't find a song on Apple servers, it simply uploads a user's copy wholesale, and downloads it the same way. Matched songs, however, are downloaded as 256 kilobit-per-second AAC files without copy protection (better known as DRM).
iTunes 12.2 for Windows
iOS 8.4
iOS 8.4
The same functions are available to Apple Music subscribers, but go a step further. For them iCloud Music Library is needed to add on-demand tracks to an iTunes library, and/or to save them for offline listening. Without Apple Music the feature can still make files accessible across devices, but only iTunes purchases.
An important distinction from iTunes Match is that any tracks matched by Apple Music do get DRM if users download them on another device, or the originals are deleted from a person's iTunes library. This is a consequence of Apple technology meant to ensure that once a person cancels the service, they can't keep all the tracks they saved for offline listening but never originally owned.
People can however subscribe to both Apple Music and iTunes Match, in which case matched files will always be DRM-free.
Apple Music is the more expensive option of the two, costing $9.99 a month for an individual listener, or $14.99 a month with a six-person family plan. iTunes Match by contrast is only $24.99 per year, but of course omits Apple Music's on-demand catalog.
Both services support mirroring personal libraries up to 25,000 songs, not including iTunes purchases. By the time iOS 9 is released in the fall, that limit will grow to 100,000.
Why some users may want to leave iCloud Music Library turned off
At the moment iCloud Music Library is potentially dangerous to turn on. Users have complained about it creating duplicates, assigning inaccurate metadata and artwork, and/or restoring previously-deleted music.
For people with large, carefully-tagged iTunes libraries, this can create chaos and undo years of work. In our own experiences, we've also run into some major issues in enabling the feature.
More seriously the option is in some cases not only deleting playlists, but causing the files in them to disappear. There are some workarounds to salvage a library, but it's unwise to try the feature without having a separate music backup in the event of disaster.
Ultimately, Apple Music still works without iCloud Music Library. It's not as convenient, but it's up to subscribers to judge whether the risk is worth it, or wait until the kinks are worked out.
Latest News
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How iTunes went from simple to perplexing — and gone
Latest Videos
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Latest Reviews


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Jamaica Family Planning Association (FAMPLAN)
FAMPLAN pioneered family planning in Jamaica in 1957. It responds to the demand for sexual and reproductive health services, particularly among vulnerable communities, by providing a full range of services that include contraceptives, gynecological care, Pap tests, pregnancy tests, HIV and STI prevention and screening, breast exams, gender-based violence screening and referrals, vasectomy, post-abortion counseling, and preand post-natal care.
FAMPLAN is a major advocate of school-based comprehensive sexuality education and the need for health professionals to understand and support youth-friendly services. It also works to increase gender equality and teaches women safer sex negotiation skills to help them assert their right to refuse unsafe sex.


Retrieval of shared disks (v2)
Available from 9.2.12. You use the GET operation on the api/sam/v2/shared_disks element to request information about shared disks that are used in your infrastructure.
Prerequisites
Before you can retrieve information about shared disks by using the REST API, discover the shared disks in your infrastructure. For more information, see: Step 1: Discovering remote shared disks.
Permissions
User You must have the View Shared Disks permissions to use this API.
Resource URL
https://hostname:port/api/sam/v2/shared_disks?token=token
Resource information
Table 1. Resource information
Operation details Description
HTTP method GET
Request headers
Header
Accept-Language (optional)
Values
en-US (only English is supported)
Negotiates the language of the response. If the header is not specified, the content is returned in the server language.
Request format application/json
Response headers
Header
Content-Type
Values
application/json
Specifies the content type of the response.
Header
Content-Language
Values
en-US, …
Specifies the language of the response content. If the header is not specified, the content is returned in the server language.
Response payload Shared Disks element
Response format application/json
Response codes
200 – OK
403 – "Forbidden" if the user is not authorized to perform the action
500– "Bad Request" if a query parameter contains errors or is missing
Schema description
To retrieve the list of all columns that are returned by this REST API together with their descriptions, use the following request.
GET api/sam/v2/schemas/shared_disk.json?token=<token>
Available columns
Table 2. Available columns
Column Description Displayed by default Type
id Identifier of the shared disk instance. Integer
status Indicates the status of the computer that is designated to scan the shared disk instance. Possible values are:
 - 0 - Shared disk detected
 - 1 - Child shared disk
 - 2 - Designating a computer
 - 3 - Waiting for software scan
 - 4 - OK
 - 5 - Designating new top-level directory
 - 6 - Designating a new computer
 - 7 - Waiting for software scan on the newly designated computer
Integer
parent_id Identifier of the parent of the shared disk instance. Integer
top_level Indicates whether the shared disk is a top-level directory in the shared disk structure. Possible values are:
 - 0 - The directory is not top-level
 - 1 - The directory is top-level
Boolean
exported_directory Exported directory of the shared disk. String
type Type of the shared disk. Possible values are:
 - 0 - Network File System
 - 1- Samba File System
Integer
computers_count Number of computers on which the shared disk is mounted. Integer
Applicable associations
You can additionally retrieve data from the following associations:
Query parameters
Table 3. Query parameters
Parameter Description Required Value
columns[] Specify which columns to retrieve. If you do not specify this parameter, only default columns are retrieved.
Example: Retrieve product name and release
URL?columns[]=product_name&columns[]=product_release
String
order Specify how to sort the returned data. The default direction for sorting columns is ascending. If you want to specify a descending sort, append desc to the column name.
Example: Order by computer ID descending
URL?order[]=computer_id desc
Alphanumeric
limit Specify the number of rows to retrieve. If you omit this parameter, all rows are retrieved.
Example: Retrieve 100 records
URL?limit=100
Numeric
offset Specify the number of rows to skip for retrieving results. You can use it together with the limit parameter to paginate results.
Example: Retrieve 50 records starting after record 150
URL?limit=50&offset=150
Numeric
token A unique user authentication identifier. You can retrieve it by using REST API for retrieving authentication token. You can also log in to BigFix Inventory, hover over the User icon User icon, and click Profile. Then, click Show token. Alphanumeric
criteria Retrieve records which match specific conditions. The parameter should have the following structure, written in one line:
<criteria> ::= <left-brace> <boolean-operator> <colon> <left-bracket>
<criterion> [{ <comma> <criterion> }...] <right-bracket> <right-brace>
<boolean-operator> ::= "and" | "or"
<criterion> ::= <criteria> | <left-bracket> <column> <comma> <operator> <comma> <value> <right-bracket>
<column> ::= <json-string>
<operator> ::= <json-string>
<value> ::= <json-array> | <json-string> | <json-number> | <json-null>
For more information about operators, see: Common connectors and operators.
Example: Retrieve software instances whose product name contains "BigFix" OR the discovery start is within a specific date range
URL?criteria={ "or": [ ["product_name", "contains", "BigFix"],
{ "and": [ ["discovery_start", ">", "1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00Z"],
["discovery_start", "<", "1970-01-02T00:00:00+00:00Z"] ] } ] }
For columns that use the date and time values, you can retrieve data also for a period instead of a specific date. To do so, use last or next as <operator>, and then specify the time value in the following convention: PxD/PxW/PxM/PxY, where x is a number in the 1-999 range, and D, W, M, or Y is a designator that represents days, weeks, months, or years respectively.
Example: Retrieve software instances that were first reported within the last 7 days
URL?criteria={"and":[["discovery_start","last","P7D"]]}
String
Example conversation - default columns
Request
GET api/sam/v2/shared_disks?token=7adc3efb175e2bc0f4484bdd2efca54a8fa04623
Host: localhost:9081
Accept: application/json
Accept-Language: en-US
Response body
[{
"id":"5",
"status":"0"'
"type":"0"
"designated_computer_id":"29"
"parent_id":"3"
"computers_count":"10"
"exported_directory":"192.0.2.24:/file_server/tlcm/ISO/RHEL"
Example conversation - all columns
Request
GET api/sam/v2/shared_disks?columns[]=id&columns[]=status
&columns[]=parent_id&columns[]=top_level&columns[]=exported_directory
&columns[]=type&columns[]=computers_count&columns[]=designated_copmuter_id
&token=7adc3efb175e2bc0f4484bdd2efca54a8fa04623
Response body
[{
"id":"1",
"status":"0",
"parent_id":"5",
"top_level":"0",
"exported_directory":"192.0.2.24:/file_server/tlcm/HOME"
"type":"0",
"computers_count":"10",
"designated_computer_id":"29"
Example conversation - association
Request
GET api/sam/v2/shared_disks?columns[]=exported_directory
&columns[]=computers_count&columns[]=shared_disk_members.computer_id
&columns[]=shared_disk_members.mount_point&token=7adc3efb175e2bc0f4484bdd2efca54a8fa04623
Host: localhost:9081
Accept: application/json
Accept-Language: en-US
Response body
[{
"exported_directory":"192.0.2.24:/file_server/tlcm/HOME",
"computers_count":"1",
"members":
 {
 "computer_id":"5",
 "mount_point":"/mnt/fs"
 }
}]


text:
The purpose of this post is to share and describe a Power BI-based solution for analyzing SQL Server Agent job history data. SQL Server Agent has been around for many years and though increasingly my projects involve other scheduling and orchestration tools like Azure Automation, SQL Agent remains relevant both for on-premises BI/DW processes and in Azure via SQL Managed Instance.
In fact, dependencies on SQL Agent for scheduled jobs is one of the main reasons SQL Managed Instance was created as this reduces the friction in migrating on-premises workloads to Azure.
You can download the Power BI template (.PBIT) described in this blog from GitHub:
I'd strongly recommend you read through this blog post to better understand the context and details of this solution before you attempt to execute the template. At a minimum, you should check that you have the SQL Agent service running, note the name of the server its running on (the one required parameter per the above image), and confirm that you can query the SQL Agent tables in the MSDB database such as dbo.sysjobs.
This template uses native T-SQL queries so in Power BI Desktop you might also disable the user approval requirements for new native queries prior to running the template:
SQL Server Agent Background
I assume many readers of this blog are familiar with SQL Agent and thus can skip ahead to later sections. For others, the SQL Agent service allows for the creation and scheduling of 'jobs' with each 'job' comprised of a sequence of one more 'steps'. For example, a job could first execute a T-SQL stored procedure, then run an SSIS package, and maybe finally process/refresh an SSAS database or execute a PowerShell script. SQL Agent logs the duration of each step, each instance/execution of the overall job, any retries attempted, error messages, and other useful information.
In a common use case, a BI and data warehouse team will link together multiple steps (or multiple jobs) to support a nightly data warehouse and data model update process. If the nightly SQL Agent job fails, the team/user closest to the technology involved in the given step will review the agent log and apply changes necessary to successfully complete the process from the point of failure and in future instances of the job.
The following image from SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) is from a four-step SQL Agent job scheduled to occur nightly:
In the above example, Power BI and Azure AD data is retrieved via PowerShell scripts in steps 1 and 2, then an SSIS package is used to load this data to a SQL Server database in step 3, and finally a Power BI dataset used for administering Power BI is triggered to refresh. This entire process executed in about 2.5 hours with the Azure AD data retrieval step requiring 1.5 hours itself.
As an aside, some of the PowerShell scripts I've featured in recent blog posts containing loops over Power BI app workspaces require time (e.g. 52 minutes per image) and of course loops are suboptimal from a performance standpoint. There's a recent blog post on avoiding workspace loops you may consider. However, if you filter down your workspaces to exclude personal/my workspaces prior to executing the loops, a nightly 50+ minute process such as this example for a large Power BI environment might be acceptable.
What problem are we solving?
When you're getting started with SQL Agent just viewing the job history and error log files via the graphical interfaces in SSMS might be sufficient. If you want to become more productive and proactive in your analysis, you'll look for a programmatic solution such as writing T-SQL queries against the SQL Agent tables in the MSDB system database including dbo.sysjobs, dbo.sysjobhistory, dbo.sysjobsteps, and others. Over the years several blog posts have been written containing T-SQL example approaches to querying this data and MS Docs itself provides an example T-SQL query for the job history table.
The Power BI-based solution starts with T-SQL queries but builds on top of this layer to leverage several of Power BI's rich and integrated features including Power Query functions, DAX expressions, reporting visualizations, and more. The core idea of this solution is to have a data model in place (a Power BI 'dataset'), including fact to dimension relationships and measures with built-in calculation logic to make it relatively easy to build SQL Agent reports and dashboards and to browse/analyze SQL agent history data.
Since the data model already includes the SQL Agent data stored in the MSDB database and can be refreshed on a schedule, users (typically DBAs and other IT admins) don't have to write new or modified SQL queries on an ad hoc basis to answer different questions. Within the PBIX file containing the data model itself or a separate file or tool connected to the published dataset users can drag-and-drop and filter to find what they need.
Its outside the scope of this blog post but you could leverage any number of tools to analyze the SQL Agent History Power BI dataset beyond Power BI itself. Given XMLA endpoint connectivity, you could use Excel, Paginated/SSRS reports, and other 3rd Party BI tools just like an Analysis Services database.
Report Pages (Visual Layer)
In describing any Power BI solution I'd prefer to start from the source systems and data and walk through the logic and components of the Power Query Editor and then the Modeling View before saying anything about any reports or dashboards. However, experience suggests that introducing the report/visual layer, at least a representative sample, further addresses the 'Why does this exist?' question and will help maintain attention to these two more fundamental layers.
With that being said, the following short slideshow displays the three report pages and highlights two tooltip pages included in this initial version of the template:
The two main report pages of the PBIX file that's generated from the template are the Job Level and Job Step Level pages. As mentioned earlier, SQL Agent is comprised of 'jobs' and 'jobs' contain one or many 'steps' which will execute on a schedule. Therefore, these two pages help address the most basic questions such as "Do I have any job failures?", "How long are my jobs taking to complete?", "Which steps within my jobs are taking the longest to complete or are failing?", etc.
There's a report-level filter (impacting all report pages) that's set for the trailing last 30 days and you can also use the Date slider at the top to modify the date range of the report based on the run date of the job. You can also use the slicer at the top right to filter for one or multiple 'jobs' of interest and the slicers are synchronized across the pages such that these selections will be carried over.
The tooltip pages are intended to provide additional context as you hover over a specific agent job or a specific agent job step. The bar charts on the Job Level and Job Step Level pages will render these tooltip pages to give additional details relevant to these specific items (or 'dimension members' if you prefer) including a line chart of the duration for the given job or step over time.
Many additional and more visually impressive and analytically powerful reports could be developed. Depending on the extent of SQL Agent usage these additional reports could make sense but for common use cases such as routine monitoring and troubleshooting these reports or slight variations might be sufficient and represent quite an improvement from ad hoc SQL queries).
The Data Model (Sematic Layer)
At the center of the solution are two star schema models – one for job history at the job level and one at the job step level. You might think of this as the header or order level of a sales or purchase order versus the line level of these transactions which includes the individual products.
The following two images from Modeling view expose the fact to dimension (many to one) relationships.
Both the SQL Agent Job Step History and the SQL Agent Job History fact tables have many-to-one relationships with the Date and the SQL Agent Jobs dimension tables. The SQL Agent Job Step History fact table also has an active many-to-one relationship to the SQL Agent Job Steps dimension table.
Each row of the SQL Agent Job History table reflects one instance of a job being executed from start to finish inclusive of all steps. Each row of the SQL Agent Job Step History table reflects the execution of one step of a job. The source table in the MSDB database for both the aggregate/job level fact table and the step-level fact table is dbo.sysjobhistory. Every row of a fact table should have the same meaning and therefore there's filtering logic in the solution to separate the rows representing the overall job from those representing an individual step of a job.
In addition to the relationships, there are display folders of basic DAX measures in each fact table per the following image:
As their names indicate, these measures either count the number of jobs or steps that succeeded or failed or apply an aggregation to a duration fact column (in minutes). The presence of the DAX measures and the relationships makes development of the report pages relatively straight forward.
Power Query (M) Data (ETL Layer)
The fact and dimension tables of the data model are the product of a data transformation process executed via T-SQL statements against the Agent tables in the MSDB system database and Power Query (M) expressions. The T-SQL statements contain logic to prep and stage the Agent tables in MSDB such as adjusting date and time columns into data types and structures more suitable for reporting. The results of these SQL queries are further enhanced and modified with Power Query (M) expressions.
Here's a look at the Power Query Editor:
Like normal, I like to use query groups to isolate queries into those that are being loaded to the data model (dimension and fact tables) from those that are not but are required for staging/prepping processes.
One item you might find a bit novel or interesting in this design is that I


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Maps, data, and searches using map format.
Topics Under This Category:
Hydrography Maps and Data Links to the Atlas of Texas Surface Waters, data for Level 4 ecoregions, GIS data for classified segments, and other hydrology data layers for use in ArcGIS. Statewide hydrography maps and map-based viewers for surface water information.
Map of Water Systems under Water Use Restriction From the weekly report to the Texas Drought Preparedness Council. Map of Texas displaying the location of public water systems that were enforcing restrictions on water use due to drought or other water shortage as of the first of the current week.
Priority Groundwater Management Areas Program to identify areas of Texas experiencing, or expected to experience, critical groundwater problems and encourage the creation of groundwater conservation districts for those areas. Relevant reports, studies, maps, and rules.
TexAQS II Field Study: Maps Maps generated by the Field Study representing various aspects and areas of the study.


text:
This is the third year of the Tech Edvocate Awards, which recognizes outstanding edtech products that support students by catering to identified classroom and learning needs. Winners and finalists were selected by a panel of educators and industry experts who reviewed the submissions and judged the products and services based on the extent to which they are transforming education through the development or advocacy of edtech. A complete list of winners of the 2019 Tech Edvocate Awards can be found here.
"The Tech Edvocate Award represents the combined opinion of industry insiders and knowledgeable educators," said Ido Yerushalmi, CEO of CoderZ. "It's an honor to have our coding and robotics platform and its game-based design and instructional model recognized by our peers."
Related story: DOE hosts second annual cyber-robotics coding competition
CoderZ is a powerful online platform that teaches students valuable STEM skills, including coding, robotics and physical computing. Its fun, gamified interface uses a graphic or text-based code editor and 3D virtual robotics simulation to engage students in learning. The solution caters to both novices and experts alike, offering a simple, Scratch-like language called Blockly for new coders and allowing more advanced students to start working directly with Java code. The integrated curriculum are aligned to standards, such as the Common Core Standards for Mathematical Practice, Career Readiness Standards, Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), K-12 Computer Science Standards (CSTA – Computer Science Teachers Association) and state CS requirements.
CoderZ serves as the platform for the upcoming third annual Cyber Robotics Coding Competition (CRCC), a first-of-its-kind, online coding and robotics tournament for students in grades 5-8. Teachers and schools can sign up to join the event that starts on October 15th. For more information on the competitions, go to _URL_
CoderZ is an innovative and engaging online learning environment. Developed for students in grades 5 and above, the gamified STEM solution allows student to work at their own pace, easily programming real and virtual robots from anywhere in the world. The platform enables student to acquire computational thinking, problem solving skills and learn coding as a life skill all via a flexible and scalable virtual solution. For more information go to _URL_.


text:
One Million New Books In School Libraries
McGuinty Government Investing In Literacy, Supporting Ontario Businesses
Ministry of Education
Elementary students started the school year with more than one million new books in school libraries, and there are more on the way.
School libraries play an important role in encouraging young students to develop strong literacy skills and a love of reading. It is essential that those libraries have up-to-date collections for all students.
Over one million library books were delivered to schools this summer, while about 700,000 more are expected before the end of this school year.
Last January, the government selected 72 Ontario-based vendors, and negotiated discounts up to 50 per cent for school boards. To date, this has saved boards about $3 million and allowed them to purchase 175,000 more books. More savings and additional books are expected during the school year.
- School boards received an initial investment of $15 million in February and an additional $10 million in May, for a total investment of $25 million to purchase library books.
- Ninety-nine per cent of the initial investment went to businesses in 37 Ontario cities.
- Over 40,000 additional Grade 3, 6 and 9 students are meeting or exceeding the provincial standard in reading, writing and math, compared to six years ago.
Strong literacy skills are crucial for future success. By ensuring that our elementary school libraries are stocked with up-to-date and affordable books and resources, we're giving young students more tools to succeed."
We knew that our library needed updating to reflect new curriculum needs and materials for our diverse school community. This funding provides valuable resources for students and for teachers to continue delivering effective instruction. Thanks to the significant discounts, we received more value for our money. Our students are definitely benefiting from a more current and exciting library collection."
As an independent company, the business that this funding brought to us was wonderful. It gave us - and other small retailers and distributors from Ontario - the opportunity to build strong relationships with new clients and to expand our market."


The Question:
What is the water temperature at the Mariana Trench—the deepest part of the Pacific Ocean?
The Answer:
When dealing with ocean temperatures it's important to recognize that water temperature generally decreases as you move into deeper water.
The relatively warm surface water of oceans like the Pacific Ocean extends to depths of between 500 and 1,000 feet. Below the surface waters, the temperature drops rapidly, forming a layer called the thermocline.
The thermocline varies in thickness from about 1,000 feet to 3,000 feet. Below this point water cools more slowly. At areas like the Mariana Trench (or the Marianas Trench; both spellings are commonly found) the water temperature ranges from 34-39 degrees F (1-4 degrees C).
—The Fact Monster


text:
These case studies relate to the end of the primary years and the earlier years of secondary school. These stages of schooling pose a number of challenges for any student, and they deserve special attention for Indigenous students in particular.
First, the transition to secondary school can be disruptive and disconcerting. Students often find they are moving from a secure and predictable environment to one which seems uncertain and difficult. It is easy to get lost in the transition.
Second, students can find problems maintaining motivation and interest as they move through the early secondary years. Adolescence is often a contributing factor to this, as are the multiple and sometimes abstract demands on students. For Indigenous students in particular, there may sometimes be a lack of suitable role models and the rewards of staying at school can seem distant and difficult to attain.


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Towards Sustainability through Development: A Regional Dialogue in the 3rd International Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development (DRSD 2023)
Experts, practitioners, policymakers, and students from multi sectoral and multidisciplinary backgrounds gathered to engage in a regional dialogue and academic exhibition regarding disaster resilience and sustainable development in Asia Pacific and beyond. Their participation was part of the 3rd International Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development (DRSD 2023), a biannual event organized by Asian Institute of Technology with great support from institutional partners.
The 2-day Symposium took place on 7th and 8th December 2023 in AIT Conference Center, Pathumthani, Thailand. Over 220 participants from 25 countries attended the Symposium. The diverse participants represented different sectors, such as academic institutions, national and international nongovernmental organizations, national and subnational government agencies, multilateral banks, and the private sector.
The Symposium achieved its aims of diverse academic exhibitions and established discourse on key issues related to DRR and sustainable development.
The Symposium was formally opened on 7 December 2023 by AIT President, Prof. Kazuo Yamamoto and the Chair of the DRSD 2023 Organizing Committee, Dr. Indrajit Pal. Prof. Yamamoto stressed the important correlation between disaster resilience and sustainable development goals. AIT's work in promoting SDGs has been recognized widely and this Symposium was key to sustaining that work further.
Dr. Pal, who is also Chair and Assoc. Prof of Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation and Management (DPMM) Program, highlighted the positive response from the DRR community in Asia Pacific and beyond; and further encouraged the importance of collaborating together to achieve sustainability through development.
After the opening session, opening keynote speeches were delivered by two renowned personalities Dr. Sanjay Srivastava from UN-ESCAP and Dr. Bhichit Rattakul from Thai Network for Disaster Resilience (TNDR). Throughout the two days, five international experts delivered keynote speeches on the topics of The Living Deltas Hub, sponge city and urban flood resilience, building international scientific collaboration for disaster management, and infrastructure resilience from climate hazards.
The Symposium facilitated in-depth, multi-sectoral dialogue through four panel discussion sessions on the topics of water supply and sanitation resilience during emergencies; strengthening critical infrastructure resilience to disasters and climate change; disaster and climate resilience in deltaic and coastal systems; and enhancing regional collaboration among Global South countries to promote research into risk and resilience. Participants witnessed and benefited from the experiences and insights shared by the panel members and ensuing Q&A.
Over 150 participants representing over 70 institutions and 25 countries conducted technical presentations in the form of oral and poster presentations to reflect state-of-the-art interdisciplinary knowledge on DRR in Asia Pacific and beyond. In total, there were 126 oral presentations and 24 poster presentations presented in the Thematic Sessions under distinct themes:
1. Climate Change, Risk Reduction, and Adaptation;
2. Remote Sensing and ICT Applications for Disaster Resilience;
3. Risk Reduction, Governance and Development,
4. Resilience of Urban, Built Environment, and Infrastructure,
5. Disaster and Climate Resilience in Coastal, Marine, and Deltaic Systems, and
6. Strengthening Ecological and Natural Systems for Disaster Resilience.
The Symposium was officially closed on 8 December 2023 by Dr. Roger Levermore, Dean of AIT School of Management and Vice President for Development, and Dr. Indrajit Pal. Dr. Roger extended his appreciation to all participants and partners for their support and highlighted the need to further strengthen collaborations. The DRSD 2023 Symposium concluded with remarks from Dr. Indrajit Pal on the regional multi-stakeholder collaboration, especially higher education institutes towards the sustainable and disaster resilient community.


Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand
Author: Apu Kumar Das
B.Sc. in Textile Technology
Chittagong Textile Engineering College
Cell: +8801825272380
Email: _EMAIL_
Facebook: Apu Das

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD):
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a measure of the ability of chemical reactions to oxidize matter in an aqueous system.The chemical oxygen demand (COD) test is widely used as a means of measuring the organic strength of domestic and industrial wastes. This test allows measurement of a waste in terms of the total quantity of oxygen required for oxidation to carbon dioxide and water. The test is based on the fact that all organic compounds, with a few exceptions can be oxidized by the action of strong oxidizing agents under acid conditions. During the determination of COD, Organic matter is converted to carbon dioxide and water regardless of the biological assimilability of the substance. As a result, COD values are greater than BOD values, especially when biologically resistant organic matter (e.g., lignin) is present.
Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand:
Reagent:
 1. Dilute sulfuric acid
 2. Standard potassium permanganate
 3. Standard Ammonium Oxalate
Testing Procedure:
 1. Pipette 100 ml of the sample into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask.
 2. Add 10 ml. diluted sulfuric acid and 10 ml of standard potassium permanganate.
 3. Heat the flask in a boiling water bath for exactly 30 minutes, keeping the water in the bath above the level of the solution in the flask .The heating enhances the rate of oxidation reaction in the Flask.
 4. If the solution becomes faintly colored, it means that most of the potassium permanganate has been utilized in the oxidation of organic matter. In such a case, repeat the above using a smaller sample diluted to 100 ml with distilled eater.
 5. After 30 minutes in the water bath, add 10 ml of standard ammonium oxalate into the flask. This 10 ml ammonium oxalate , which is a reducing agent , is just equivalent to the 10 ml potassium permanganate ( oxidizing agent ) added earlier. The excess of reducing agent (ammonium oxalate) now remaining in the flask is just equivalent to the amount of the oxidizing agent (potassium permanganate) used in the oxidation of organic matter.
 6. The quantity of ammonium oxalate remaining in the flask is now determined by titration with standard potassium permanganate. Titrate the content of the flask while hot, with standard potassium permanganate to the first pink coloration. Record the ml of potassium permanganate used.
Calculation:
COD (mg /l) = [ml of MnO4 used in step (6) × (100)/ ml of sample used]

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Mazharul Islam Kiron is a textile consultant and researcher on online business promotion. He is working with one European textile machinery company as a country agent. He is also a contributor of Wikipedia.
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Lumps, Clumps and Ratholes, Oh My!
Measuring the Level of Powders and Bulk Solids Can Be Entertaining but It Is NOT Easy
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This article was printed in CONTROL's August 2009 edition.
By Walt Boyes
Most level applications are for liquids and interfaces between two liquids. Yet there are many applications where it's useful to know the level of a powder or other bulk solid. But, there are some special issues with powders and bulk solids that have to be understood to make those measurements.
Angle of Repose
The first problem is that, while liquids have a flat surface, powders and other solids do not. Depending on how the solid is fed into the vessel, there will be a little mound. So measuring the level needs to account for the mound's angle of repose. What you're really trying to measure is what the level in the vessel would be if there was a flat surface. That's an inferential measurement, not a physical measurement, and this introduces error into the data.
Clumping, Bridging and Ratholing
Finely divided powders and particles that are subject to static electricity, such as plastic pellets, don't flow like liquids either. They clump together, and voids form around the clumps. This makes the apparent level higher than the actual level would be without the voids. Sometimes, when a vessel is emptied from the bottom, the voids form tunnels called ratholes. Bridging is the inverse of ratholing—instead of a void, a bridge of material forms and refuses to flow or move. Sometimes, slow mixing paddles can keep bridging and ratholes under control. In most cases, the vessel or bin can be attached to a vibrator, which shakes the vessel to pack the powder together. However, packing risks causing very large clumps, and vibration makes it hard to measure level.
Sometimes it's necessary to measure the level of materials more properly considered chunks. These too are subject to angle of repose and ratholing issues, but their added problem is that it's impossible to eliminate the voids between chunks. They also can cause extreme bridging, which must often be broken up manually.
In some cases, corrosion and, more commonly, abrasion can be an issue, and can dictate the level measurement method needed.
Measurement Strategies and Techniques
Because it's difficult to make solids level measurements, there are many measurement methods. Choosing the right one often depends on how frequently measurements need to be made. Many applications were traditionally considered so difficult that automation professionals only applied point level measurements for high and low level and overflow alarms. Sometimes, when the value of the measurement is high, a combination of techniques and technologies is used.
The basic measurement techniques used for powders and bulk solids are mechanical point level, minimalor non-contact point level, continuous mechanical level, non-contact continuous level and weighing. Each technique has features to recommend it, as well as problems that make it difficult or impossible to use in some applications. Mechanical point level systems are susceptible to damage. Minimalor non-contact point level systems are susceptible to blocking, as well as problems induced by coating and buildup on the sides of the vessel and even on the level probe. Continuous level techniques have issues with angle of repose, ratholing, bridging and buildup. Both mechanical and non-mechanical continuous level technologies in contact with the material can be coated or damaged.
Because of the inherent problems in measuring the level of powders and bulk solids, expected measurement accuracy should be considerably less than that expected with liquid levels. And installed accuracy of a level measurement system may deviate wildly from the specified accuracy of the device performing the measurement.
For example, an ultrasonic or radar level transmitter may have a specified accuracy of ±0.5 in. (approx. 25 mm) or even better when calibrated on the manufacturer's test range, aimed at a solid target with nothing between the transmitter's face and the target. In a 30-ft tall (9.14 m) vessel, with a 60˚ angle of repose, and solids with an average diameter of 3 in. (~75 mm), the accuracy of the installed system might be ±2 in. (~50 mm). This same logic applies to any measurement technology. In fact, vendors regularly get calls from users who complain that the device they're using isn't as accurate as advertised. However, if vendors tried to specify installed accuracy, then nobody would buy such an inaccurate device!
Point Level Measurement Technologies
There are a variety of technologies used in solids level applications, from mechanical flop switches to gamma nuclear point level switches.
Diaphragm switches sense the pressure of the material as it rises to the level of the switch, and then presses on the diaphragm to actuate the switch. If there is ratholing near the switch, however, or bridging above it, the material will not press on the diaphragm, even though the level has risen above it.
Tilt or flop switches are also common and can have extended switch arms able to partially compensate for angle of repose issues. However, tilt switches can be easily damaged during filling, so they must be located away from the filling port.
For many years, the most commonly used point level technology in powders and bulk solids applications was the rotary paddle switch, or "bindicator." When material impedes the free rotation of the paddle, a switch actuates, signaling that the level has risen to its level. The paddle again rotates freely when the switch changes state, indicating the level has fallen.
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medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) attaches to the inner edge of the patella
to help keep the patella from slipping toward the outer side of the knee.
A damaged MPFL can be repaired
arthroscopically. Surgical repair of this ligament may
be appropriate if it is:
- Torn by injury to the knee.
and damaged by patellar
In more than 8 out of 10 people, repairing the MPFL makes the knee
joint more stable.1 Some people whose dislocation
problem is surgically repaired will have another dislocation. And many people
continue to have pain and swelling, which may be due to cartilage damage on the
underside of the patella.2
Some surgeons think it best to repair MPFL damage immediately after a
first patellar dislocation. Other surgeons will wait until they see a recurrent


text:
(WHM >> Home >> Service Configuration >> cPanel Web Services Configuration)
The system uses cipher suites to negotiate security settings for network connections over TLS/SSL. This interface allows you to edit the TLS/SSL Cipher List for cPanel, WHM, and Webmail.
We recommend that only advanced users edit the cipher list.
By default, cPanel & WHM uses the following protocol list for web services:
By default, cPanel & WHM uses the following cipher list for web services:
Edit the cipher list
To edit the cipher list, enter the appropriate cipher in the text box and click Save.


What is support? - Definition from WhatIs.com
Part of the Computing fundamentals glossary:
1) In information technology, support refers to functionality that is provided between or among products, programs, devices, modes, or accessories. For example, if you purchase a graphics program that allows for the inclusion of text inserts, audio, and full-motion video clips, you can create multimedia presentations. This program can be said to support text, audio, and full-motion video. Another example is a Web browser that can function with Java; the browser thus supports Java. Yet another example is a telephone line that can be used with a digital subscriber line (DSL) connection. This line can be said to support DSL. In general, if product X can be used with a program, device, mode, or accessory Y without the need for significant modification of either X or Y, then X supports Y. If product X cannot be used with a program, device, mode, or accessory Z without substantial modification of X or Z, then X does not support Z.
2) Support can also mean the personal assistance vendors provide to technicians and end users concerning hardware, operating systems, and programs. The term is frequently associated with the telephone help lines provided by most vendors. In this sense, the quality of support can be graded in degrees, ranging from atrocious to outstanding. The best customer or technical support consists of real-time conversations between end users and knowledgeable representatives for the vendor, and the availability of such representatives without long hold times. Such support is sometimes free, but often it is expensive, metered by the minute. In some cases, e-mail exchanges can suffice instead of telephone conversations, provided both the customer and the vendor representative know how to write what they mean in a clear, accurate, and concise manner.
This was last updated in September 2005
Contributor(s): Andy Peak
Posted by: Margaret Rouse
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Leisure Time pH Balance Plus
This item is IN STOCK
This item is TEMPORARILY OUT OF STOCK
Usually Ships Within 1 Business Day
Leisure Time pH Balance Plus - 3 Pounds
pH Balance Plus works to lock in the proper pH level in your hot tub to prevent unnecessary, costly and time consuming pH adjustments. This unique granular formula will prevent your pH from fluctuating from the time you refill the hot tub with fresh water until the time you drain it.
All you have to do is check the pH level of your hot tub upon filling it up and adjust it to within the recommended pH range. Then add pH Balance Plus and you are set until you drain and refill the water.
- Locks pH levels in your hot tub
- Prevents pH fluctuations in your water
- Eliminates time consuming and costly daily or weekly pH adjustments
- Easy to use
Directions for use:
- The proper pH range for hot tub water is 7.2 to 7.6. pH Balance Plus will help keep the hot tub water within the proper range. Test the pH weekly and adjust if needed.
- 1. In a freshly filled ho tub, test the pH. If pH level is between 7.0 and 8.0 proceed to step 2. If it's not within this range, adjust with pH Up or pH Down until it's within the 7.0 and 8.0 range and proceed to step 2.
- 2. Add 1.5 pounds (half the jar) of pH Balance Plus for up to 250 gallons of hot tub water or the entire 3 pounds for up to 500 gallons of hot tub water. Pour directly into hot tub.
- 3. Turn ON jets and allow water to circulate for 15 minutes. Temporary cloudiness may occur, but the water will clear quickly once the product is full dissolved.
- 4. Repeat the application each time you refill your hot tub with fresh water.


text:
Started by RangerRaven, May 03, 2021, 12:30 PM
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Quote from: Elandan2 on May 05, 2021, 07:13 AMThe brake noise could be the power steering pump. The brakes use a system called "hydroboost". It uses high pressure fluid from the power steering pump to create the boost for the brakes. The noise could very well be caused by the pump being low on fluid. Does the pump make noise when turning the steering wheel? If not, the hydroboost unit attached to the master cylinder may have a problem.


Question 142: Are Employees required to sign commitments upon their job commencement as a basis for LD action in case of their subsequent violation?
Labour laws do not force Employees to sign commitments with Employers such as maintenance of the corporate properties, failure to sexually harass in the workplace upon their job commencement. However, if Employers intend to apply disciplinary measures to Employees when they breach these commitments, such commitments and remedies as permitted by the law should be documented at least in Employers' ILRs. In principle, Employers can only discipline Employees if they have committed a violation specified in the ILRs (that have been registered)[1]. Accordingly, when new Employees are engaged in any job, the essential thing is that Employers just requires them to sign after having read and understood the ILRs and then comply with them. Note that these commitments must be consistent with the current labour laws. This alternative is feasible if the number of Employees is small and a human resources department may appoint a person to have these commitments signed and keep them for use when necessary.
For job positions where Employees are at a high risk of violation or for the management level, depending on the specific nature of each job, Employees will be required to sign additional commitments with more detailed content and under higher levels of sanction than other regular Employees due to their specific job positions.
In addition, the said commitments may be included in LCs. However, due to any too long commitment and/or security of the commitment information, the parties cannot record such commitment and confidential information in LC because this will change the LC format. Instead, an appendix to LC will be made and signed at the same time with the LC.
[1]Article 128.3 Labor Code


Water contains Chloramine, not Chlorine
Some municipal water companies use Chloramine instead of Chlorine to disinfect the water. While our shower filters are not designed to remove Chloramine, some customers experience 1-2 months of improved water quality. We are still testing exactly how this occurs, but after the initial 1-2 month period, the shower filters no longer work. For additional information on Chloramine and to find out if your municipal water company uses, please see I cannot feel any difference in my water.
Our shower filters are designed to last up to 6 months of normal usage.
If you have a large number of people using the shower or take long showers, then this time may be reduced.
You can calculate the lifespan of the shower filter as follows:
10,000 / (Number of showers per day x Duration of shower x GPM of shower head) = Total number of days
On average, Americans take one 8 minute shower per day, using a 2.4 GPM showerhead.
Additionally, the chlorine level of your water plays a part in the lifespan of the shower filter. If you have high levels of chlorine, then the lifespan of the shower filter may be reduced.


Joule/Centimeter to Pound Force Conversion
4467 Joule/Centimeter to Pound Force Conversion - Convert 4467 Joule/Centimeter to Pound Force (J/cm to lbf)
4467 Joule/Centimeter to Pound Force Conversion
Joule/Centimeter to Pound Force - Force - Conversion
You are currently converting Force units from Joule/Centimeter to Pound Force
4467 Joule/Centimeter (J/cm)
=
10.04222 Pound Force (lbf)
Joule/Centimeter : Joule per centimeter is a unit of force with official symbol "J/cm". It is equal to 0.01 newtons, or 10 millinewtons.
Pound Force : The pound-force, or pound is a unit of force in some systems of measurement including British engineering units and British gravitational units. It is equal to the gravitational force exerted on a mass of one avoirdupois pound on the surface of Earth. Its symbol are lb, lbf, and lbf. One pound-force is approximately equal to 4.44822 N.
Force Conversion Calculator
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Mark your calendars for August 17 for our Model Train Day at the Spartanburg Depot. From 10 am to 3 pm we will have a variety of model trains to watch, and some to operate. There will be an N-Scale modular layout, an O-Gauge Lionel layout featuring Thomas the Tank Engine, a display from the Central Model Railroad and Historical Society, Model Trains Station, located in the Taylors Mill will be present, the Palmetto Division of the National Model Railroad Association will have a display, and more. Operation Lifesaver will be present with literature and handouts related to railroad safety. Our two local book authors, John Thomas Fowler and Wilson Casey will be on hand to discuss their railroad oriented books. Learn about the last train robbery in the US and about Spartanburg's folk legend, Trotting Sally, who raced the Carolina Special, and won! We will have drinks and snacks available and the Museum and gift shop will be open. As always, admission is free, but donations are appreciated.
Our historic Southern Railway caboose, built in the Hub City of Spartanburg in 1947 needs a little maintenance. After 71 years of various uses, the roof and windows and walls could use a facelift.
The Hub City Railroad Museum tells the uniquely important role Southern Railway and others played in Spartanburg's history. The caboose is a vital part of our mission. Restoration of the caboose will lead to many years of happy memories and celebrating the history of railroads in the Hub City.
Your donations will be greatly appreciated and will be used in a judicious way to repair and improve the caboose.
The Restored Southern Railway Caboose number X-3115 is currently closed to the public. It is undergoing a major renovation that is expected to take several months to complete. As we began the repairs of several roof repairs we were aware of, we have uncovered a number of other repairs that are needed. This include the replacement of the window frames and some structural and electrical work. The exact completion date is not currently able to be predicted, but we will keep you posted with periodic updates on our progress. Our gift shop has been relocated to the lobby of the Museum in the Depot. Please visit the Museum from 10 to 2 on Wednesdays and Saturdays while the Caboose is being repaired. Thank you for your understanding. We would love to have you visit our GoFundMe site to help with the renovation costs.
The Museum is located in the historic Southern Railway Spartanburg Union Depot at 298 Magnolia Street. Take a step back into history and learn about how the railroads were connected to the textile and peach industries in SC. Learn about the development of railroading in Spartanburg and the Upstate of SC. Check out the display about the Hayne Car Shops that once employed 1,100 to maintain Southern Railway's fleet of railroad cars. Learn to become a telegrapher with the operating telegraph system. Ring the 1940 locomotive bell. Visit the gift shop for railroad themed items. The Southern Railway Caboose is currently undergoing a major renovation and is currently closed to the public, however the trackside observation deck is still available for you to view the Norfolk Southern trains that pass by the depot. Located in the Museum is a dispatcher-like ATCS display of train locations along the NS, in real time. The gift shop has been temporarily relocated into the Museum lobby and has a number of HO scale models for sale. The inventory changes periodically, as we receive donations of various scale model trains.
The Carolina Railroad Heritage Association is a <501(c)(3)> not for profit local association of approximately eighty members who enjoy railroads and railroad history. The CRHA meets the third Friday of each month in Greer, SC at 7:00 pm. Programs at the meetings include presentations on historical and current railroads and are presented by members as well as outside speakers. Our activities include a photo contest, occasional field trips to local railroad sites, picnics and a December pot luck dinner. CRHA members volunteer at our museum and caboose in Spartanburg, SC. If you have an interest in railroads, contact Dave Winans at _EMAIL_ for more information about the CRHA.
For membership, please download and print the membership application and follow the instructions.
Contact Bruce or Dave for access to the Newsletter archive.