quantification methods are shown here
Correlation is not a measure of precision or reproducibility
The use of correlation to summarize reproducibility has become widespread in genomics [18, 27, 28]. Despite its English language definition, mathematically, correlation is not necessarily informative with regards to reproducibility. For this reason, we dedicate a subsection to explain the major problems with this metric (details are provided in the "Methods" section).
The most egregious related mistake is to compute correlations of raw FPKM, RPKM, or TPM data. Averages, standard deviations, and correlations are popular summary statistics for two-dimensional data because, for the bivariate normal distribution, these five parameters fully describe the distribution [29]. However, RNA-seq data are not well approximated by bivariate normal data (Fig. 2). In fact, these data have a very large right tail, which implies that the correlation estimate can be highly susceptible to one point (Additional file 1: Figure S1a). Using the log transformation is a way to ameliorate this problem.
The standard way to quantify reproducibility between two sets of replicated measurements, say X 1X N and Y 1Y N , is simply to determine how close they are to each other. To quantify distance, we compute the mathematical distance between them:
$$ \sqrt{\varSigma_{i=1}^N\kern0.5em {d}_i^2,}\kern2em \mathrm{with}\kern0.5em {d}_i={X}_i-{Y}_i $$
This metric decreases as reproducibility improves and is 0 when the reproducibility is perfect.
Another limitation with correlation is that it is defined from two lists and there is no standard way of applying it when more than one replicate is available. A standard measure of precision, the standard deviation (SD) across replicates, is more appropriate. Note that there is a connection between this metric and distance since the SD for two replicates is:
$$ \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left\{{\left({X}_i\kern0.5em -\kern0.5em \frac{X_i\kern0.5em +\kern0.5em {Y}_i}{2}\right)}^2\kern0.5em +\kern0.5em {\left({Y}_i\kern0.5em -\kern0.5em \frac{X_i\kern0.5em +\kern0.5em {Y}_i}{2}\right)}^2\right\}}\kern0.5em =\kern0.5em \frac{X_i\kern0.5em -\kern0.5em {Y}_i}{2}\kern0.5em =\kern0.5em \frac{d_i}{2} $$
Another limitation of the correlation is that it does not detect cases that are not reproducible due to average changes. These could happen, for example, if the data are not properly normalized. The distance metric does detect these differences (Additional file 1: Figs. S1b and S2). The mathematical details are provided in the "Methods".
Another advantage of the SD metric is that it is in the same units as our measurements. Correlation lacks units and thus renders the metric hard to interpret. In the "Methods" section, we mathematically demonstrate that correlations near 1 do not necessarily imply reproducibility. Specifically, we show an equation explaining how we may encounter situations in which the distance between two measures is unacceptably high yet correlations close to 1 are achieved.
Precision metrics
Once the raw data are mapped, quantified, and re-scaled, a matrix with one column for each replicate and thousands of rows is produced for each group. The entries of this matrix are what the algorithms provide as a measure that is proportional to expression. Here we will denote this quantity with \( {Y}_{\mathit{\mathsf{g}}ij} \) (where \( \mathit{\mathsf{g}}\kern0.5em =\kern0.5em 1\kern0.5em \dots \kern0.5em G \)) being the feature (gene or transcript), i = 1, 2 identifying the two groups and j = 1 … J i representing the replicate within group i.
Our first metric is based on the standard deviations, denoted s gi , of \( \log \left({Y}_{gi1}+0.5\right),\dots, \log \left({Y}_{gi{J}_i}+0.5\right) \). This metric has an intuitive interpretation as it represents the typical log fold change observed when comparing expression values from replicate samples. We compute the SD on the log-scale because biologists quantify differential expression with fold changes. Because the log is not defined when the Y gij values are 0, we add the constant 0.5 [30] before computing the log. In the case of two replicates, the SD would be proportional to the absolute value of the log ratios:
M gi = log2{(Y gi1 + 0.5)/(Y gi2 + 0.5)}
Note that we have an s gi for every transcript and each group. To provide one summary, we can average across all the features to obtain one measure of reproducibility:
$$ \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{G}{\displaystyle \sum_{g=1}^G}{s}_{g1}^2+\frac{1}{G}{\displaystyle \sum_{g=1}^G}{s}_{g2}^2\right)} $$
For the case of two replicates this is proportional to Euclidean distance. The smaller this quantity, the more reproducible we assess the algorithm to be. However, as we describe below, providing just one summary is simplistic due to the dependence of variability on abundance.
Empirical and theoretical evidence suggests that the range of s gi is larger for lower abundance transcript measurements; thus, visualization approaches plot s i versus a measure of average abundance:
$$ {A}_{gi}=1/{J}_i{\displaystyle \sum_{j=1}^{J_i}}\left({ \log}_2{Y}_{gij}+0.5\right) $$
Additional file 1: Figure S3a confirms that larger variability is observed for smaller values of A. Consider that we may prefer a method that outperforms for the values of A that are most common (for example, note that less than 45 % of the data has A values larger than 2). Now, this plot does not lend itself to visualizations that permit comparisons across methods, as each method needs its own plot. To create a reasonable summary plot that includes all the methods, we simplify the relevant information by estimating s i as a function of A i [31]. Specifically, we apply loess [32] to estimate this function. We can then plot several curves on the same plot to compare methods (Fig. 3). To provide summary statistics that take into account the dependence on abundance, we report the median s i for low (A lower than 1), medium (A between 1 and 6), and high (A larger than 6) strata (columns 2–4 in Tables 1 and 2). We include standard error estimates of these metrics as well.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Standard deviations of transcript quantifications based on a an experimental dataset (GM12878) and b a simulation dataset (one of the cell lines). Seven quantification methods are shown here
Table 1
Summarized metrics for analyzed pipelines based on an experimental dataset
Method
SD low
SD medium
SD high
NE (K = 1)
NN (K = 1)
TxDiff low
TxDiff medium
TxDiff high
deFC low
deFC medium
deFC high
pAUC
Cufflinks
0.62 (0.002)
0.26 (0.001)
0.12 (0.000)
0.08
0.70
0.31 (0.007)
0.08 (0.002)
0.03 (0.001)
2.65 (0.022)
2.25 (0.047)
1.01 (0.024)
0.77
eXpress
0.75 (0.003)
0.37 (0.002)
0.13 (0.001)
0.05
0.80
0.44 (0.008)
0.05 (0.002)
0.01 (0.000)
1.93 (0.026)
2.56 (0.058)
1.20 (0.028)
0.68
Flux Capacitor
0.62 (0.003)
0.57 (0.00


text:
Cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) in Bottom Sediment of the Lower Silesian Dam Reservoir
Magdalena Senze , Monika Kowalska-Góralska , Katarzyna Czyż
AbstractThe study was conducted on the Słup reservoir and the Nysa Szalona river (Poland). The material was benthic water and sediments. The aim of the study was to evaluate accumulation of Ca, Mg, Na and K in the sediments. The assessment of studied elements accumulation was based on calculations of the cumulation factor in the sediment. On this basis, an attempt was made to assess the possible impact of the compounds deposited in the sediment on the organisms living in the reservoir and on the change in the composition of water which constitutes the basis for drinking water. It was found that the studied sediments are rich in Ca, Mg and K compounds but relatively poor in sodium compounds. The level of the studied elements in the sediment and water in the annual cycle does not show strong changes and in the relatively stable conditions existing in the reservoir it does not pose a threat to organisms living there. Moreover, it does not adversely affect the composition of water which is obtained for water supply purposes.
|Journal series||Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, ISSN _PHONE_, e-ISSN 2464-8310, (N/A 20 pkt)|
|Keywords in English||Mg, Na, K, Ca, bottom sediment, water, dam reservoir.|
|License||Journal (articles only); author's original; ; with publication|
|Score||= 20.0, 10-02-2021, ArticleFromJournal|
|Publication indicators||= 0; : 2018 = 0.375|
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or Perish system.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Motorways see many tens of thousands of vehicle movements every day; congestion is almost inevitable. It leads to significant delays, disruption and driver frustration, and can even reduce productivity in a given area.
Motorway Incident Detection and Automated Signalling (MIDAS) systems keep highways managers aware of traffic flow with constant monitoring across these vital routes. MIDAS spots early warning signs of traffic build-up and intervenes early to reduce the risk of serious congestion.
Journey predictability is vital to the British economy, any action highways managers can take to improve flow provides both direct and indirect return on investment.
Since so much of our daily commercial traffic relies on the country's major highways, highways managers do everything they can to keep the network running smoothly. Every hour of delay on the motorway network reduces productivity and costs a significant amount of money to individuals, businesses and the economy of the area.
Our wireless detection solution is a durable and reliable way to detect vehicles in the carriageway. The detector delivers real-time traffic flow intelligence to the MIDAS system, resolving issues automatically. The result: reduced congestion and better predictability for the UK's commercial road users.
Safety is the primary concern on the UK's motorway network. Vehicles travel at high speeds and it only takes a single vehicle to behave erratically or lose control to bring part of that network to a halt. Empowering highways managers with prior intelligence, when traffic starts to build up or behave abnormally, kickstarts preventative action before a major or minor incident occurs.
Our wireless detection solution feeds traffic flow data directly into existing MIDAS control systems, so you can analyse continuously and monitor when the "normal" flow of traffic changes. When abnormal behaviour is detected, highways managers can deploy traffic officers or use local cameras to determine the cause and assess what further action is needed to ensure road users' safety. By acting on this intelligence promptly, you can smooth the flow of traffic in the area, offer alternative routes or change phasing patterns as traffic is injected into the network.
Jump to a specific application

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Egyptomania 4: Animals
Part 4 of a four-program series. See details under Egyptomania 1: Introduction to Daily Life.
Why were so many Egyptian gods part-human and part-animal? This lesson explores how ancient Egyptians observed animal behavior and ascribed animal characteristics to their gods. Students participate in a game to help them classify and link animals with their natural environment.
Teacher Information Packet will be mailed.
- Open with discussion on students' previous knowledge on Egyptian figures.
- Explain that animals were metaphorical to the Egyptians.
- View example of animal representations in sculpture and painting and discuss depiction of gods in the guise of animals.
- Discuss what characteristics of certain animals might have related to the gods they represent.
- Classification of animals in graphic organizer interactivity throughout videoconference.
- Students will explore how ancient Egyptians observed animal behavior and ascribed animal characteristics to their gods.
- Students will learn how animals were used in Egyptian stories and myths to explain human behavior and the workings of the universe.
- Students will be able to identify an animal's physical traits that link it to its natural environment.
- Students will classify animals found in ancient and modern Egypt by their scientific family.


Question: How Can I See What Devices Are Logged Into My Amazon Account?
What is the name of this device?
How do I remove my Amazon account from other devices?
To deregister a device:From the Amazon website, go to Manage Your Content and Devices.Login with your Amazon account credentials.Click Devices.Click the Actions button, and then click Deregister.
Can someone hack my Amazon account?
If you believe your Amazon account has been hacked, the first thing you should do is to immediately log in to your Amazon account and change your password. … This is important because it's possible that hackers may have used it to obtain the access data for your Amazon account.
How do I logout of all devices?
What devices are logged into my Spotify account?
To find the devices logged into your account you just need to go to and find you account, go to the drop-down box and you can find devices and see what devices are on your account.
How do I log someone out of my Amazon account?
Here's how to sign out an Amazon account from a device using Amazon website:Open the Amazon website.Go to Manage Your Content and Devices.Log in with your Amazon account credentials.Click on Devices.Now click the Actions button.Finally, then click Deregister.
Does changing your Amazon password log everyone out?
Why does Amazon keep asking me for OTP?
Amazon requires a cookie to be added so that the act of 'remembering' the device is active and a new code is not required. If you have Anti-virus or Internet Security software installed, or are using the browsers or OS internal option to clear browser cookies, this is likely the reason.
Can I re register a device on Amazon?
Registering your Kindle device to your Amazon account enables you to purchase and download books, magazines and other content directly through a Wi-Fi connection. You can deregister and then re-register your device to different Amazon accounts as often as you like.
Does changing your password log you out?
Changing password will log you out from all active sessions, it is very useful if you forgot to log off from a device. Other than if someone has your Gmail password and that person is reading your email, then they can remain undetected. They can do so forever unless you change your password.
What does it mean to deregister a device on Amazon?
You can deregister a device from your Amazon account if you no longer want to use it to purchase apps or in-app items. From the Amazon website, go to Manage Your Content and Devices. … Login with your Amazon account credentials.
How can I see whos logged into my Instagram?
From PC or MacLaunch your browser and go to the official Instagram site. … Click on the cog next to the Edit Profile button. … A menu will pop up. … Instagram will then show you a list containing all login locations from which you (or someone else) logged into your account.
How many devices can you have Amazon Prime on?
What happens when you deregister a device from your Amazon account?
Select Deregister again. De-registering a Fire TV device removes all content associated with the respective Amazon Account. Once de-registered, you can re-register your Fire TV with any Amazon Account you choose by selecting Register.
Can a Amazon Fire Stick be traced?
How do I know which device is which on Amazon?
One way to determine which device is which is to send something simple, like a JPG or GIF image file, to the address and then see which device it shows up on. The first step to organizing your devices is to give them better names.
Do you get notified when someone logs into your Amazon account?
Amazon will notify both via text message and email if anyone tries to log in to your account in another device apart from the one you are already logged in. The moment anyone tries to log in, you'll receive a notification about that, even if it's you who is trying to log in to your own account from another device.


an 85 kg base ball player who has lept vertically into the airto catch a line drive catches the ball as it is headed horizontallydirectly into his glove theball has a mass of 145 g and is headperpendicular to his arm at 52 m / s just before he catches it justafter he catches the ball with his arm extended horizontally whatis the players angular speed about a vertical axis through his headand feet assuming that he was stationary at the instant he caughtit to make the calculations reasonable you can model the playersbody as a uniform solid cylinder of mass 73 kg and diameter 35 cmand his arm as thin 6.0 kg rods each 70 cm long pivoting along avertical axis through his centre
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Jacqueline Nelson
Dr Jacqueline Nelson is a Senior Research officer and previously a Chancellors Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Technology Sydney. She is interested in how racism manifests and exploring how we can respond to racism, both as individuals and by challenging cultures and practices that reproduce racism and inequality. Her areas of interest include racism in families, local or place-based responses to racism and denial of racism.


text:
Abstract: The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the hydraulic drive working fluids are a mixture of liquid and undissolved gas.
Such a mixture can be formed when filling the tank and during dynamic processes due to different rates of dissolution and gas release
from the liquid when the pressure drops in certain sections of the working medium flow. The task of this work is to create an
analytical method for controlling the influence of the amount of undissolved gas on the dynamic processes of the hydraulic drive of
self-propelled machines, by writing and analyzing a mathematical model. The results of mathematical modeling were confirmed
experimentally on the developed stand
Index terms: dynamic processes, hydraulic drive, undissolved gas, hydraulic circuit, mathematical model


text:
FORT WORTH, TX (17 April 2012)—Pointwise will host a free hour-long webinar at 11 a.m. CDT on 2 May on the topic "How T-Rex Unstructured Meshing Aids Transonic Aircraft Drag Reduction." T-Rex, Pointwise's anisotropic tetrahedral extrusion method, is a robust and highly automated way of creating unstructured viscous meshes on complex geometries that reduces the effort required to generate meshes on which drag can be predicted accurately. Reducing the aerodynamic drag of an aircraft is important because it produces a proportional reduction in fuel consumption.
"Predicting drag with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be very challenging, particularly for modern commercial aircraft that fly at transonic speeds," said Dr. Chris Sideroff, Pointwise sales engineer. "For the complex geometries encountered on these aircraft, creating meshes that resolve flow structures to achieve the necessary accuracy can be tedious and error prone. That's why Pointwise's T-Rex method is designed to automate the process, making the engineer's job easier, faster and the results more reliable."
For more information or to register, go to _URL_
The webinar will demonstrate how to
- Utilize 2D T-Rex to more efficiently resolve surface curvature
- Diagonalize trailing edge surfaces for more consistent grid point distribution
- Tune T-Rex parameters to handle difficult regions, such as corners, high curvature and transitions
- Reduce time spent setting up T-Rex meshes using its top-down approach
- Convert boundary layer tetrahedra into triangular prisms
The webinar will be presented by Dr. Sideroff and Travis Carrigan, Pointwise sales engineer.
Dr. Sideroff joined Pointwise in September 2007 after working as a petroleum engineer for the NATCO Group, a CAD engineer for ARV Development, and a computer technician for Harddata Ltd. Dr. Sideroff earned both a B.S. and M.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Alberta in 2000 and 2003. He earned a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Syracuse University in 2009.
Mr. Carrigan joined Pointwise as a technical sales engineer after completing his M.S. in aerospace engineering at the University of Texas at Arlington in May 2011. He interned at Pointwise beginning May 2008, producing demonstration and application videos and working in technical support, doing grid projects and quality assurance testing. He received his B.S. in aerospace engineering in 2009 from UTA.
Pointwise, Inc. is solving the top problem facing engineering analysts today – mesh generation for computational fluid dynamics. The company's Pointwise software generates structured, unstructured and hybrid meshes; interfaces with CFD solvers, such as ANSYS FLUENT, STAR-CCM+, ANSYS CFX and OpenFOAM, as well as many neutral formats, such as CGNS; runs on Windows (Intel and AMD), Linux (Intel and AMD), and Mac, and has scripting languages that can automate CFD meshing. Large manufacturing firms and research organizations worldwide rely on Pointwise as their complete CFD preprocessing solution.
More information about Pointwise is available at _URL_.
Pointwise is a registered trademark and Pointwise Glyph and T-Rex are trademarks of Pointwise, Inc. All other trademarks are property of their respective owner.
For more information:


text:
The International Education Centre offers Let's Talk sessions throughout the academic year to address topics pertinent to international students. Those topics include Health Insurance, Tax Information, Off-Campus Housing etc. These sessions will provide you with information to navigate Canadian systems as an international student, and give you a space to ask questions!
Benefits of joining this program:
- Learn about topics pertinent to your experience as an international student.
- Ask questions about those topics.
How do Let's Talk Sessions work?
- Sign-up through the form bellow.
- We'll send you a zoom link and password for the session you select.


text:
Tour Philippe-le-Bel is a medieval tower in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon which marked the French terminus of the Saint-Bénézet Bridge across the Rhone between the Kingdom of France and Papal territory of Avignon. It is named after the French king Philippe-le-Bel (Philip IV 'the Fair') who was responsible for its construction.
A tower with only two storeys was completed in 1302. In spite of protests from the Count of Provence and the population of Avignon, Philippe-le-Bel pressed ahead and built a gatehouse at the end of the bridge. The tower and gatehouse formed part of a fortress with a curtain wall that enclosed several buildings including a chapel and a residence for the châtelain. A third storey was added to the tower in the middle of the 14th century.
The Saint-Bénézet Bridge was abandoned in 1669 and the fortress then ceased to serve any useful function. The French crown continued to pay for repairs but after the French Revolution the buildings were abandoned and allowed to fall into ruins. In 1822 the town of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon decided to demolish all of the fortress except the present tower. It was listed as a Monument historique in 1862 and is now open to the public.
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text:
About Project Euler
What is Project Euler?
Project Euler is a series of challenging mathematical/computer programming problems that will require more than just mathematical insights to solve. Although mathematics will help you arrive at elegant and efficient methods, the use of a computer and programming skills will be required to solve most problems.
The motivation for starting Project Euler, and its continuation, is to provide a platform for the inquiring mind to delve into unfamiliar areas and learn new concepts in a fun and recreational context.
Who are the problems aimed at?
The intended audience include students for whom the basic curriculum is not feeding their hunger to learn, adults whose background was not primarily mathematics but had an interest in things mathematical, and professionals who want to keep their problem solving and mathematics on the edge.
Can anyone solve the problems?
The problems range in difficulty and for many the experience is inductive chain learning. That is, by solving one problem it will expose you to a new concept that allows you to undertake a previously inaccessible problem. So the determined participant will slowly but surely work his/her way through every problem.
However, as the problems are challenging then you may wish to view the Problems before registering.
"Project Euler exists to encourage, challenge, and develop the skills and enjoyment of anyone with an interest in the fascinating world of mathematics."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Alternatives Assessment for Toxics Use Reduction. 2005.
TURI Methods & Policy Report No. 23. One of the key challenges in toxics use reduction planning is alternatives assessment. This is the process whereby a chemical, material or product that has been identified as toxic is compared with alternatives to find a substitute that is safer for workers, communities and ecosystems. This report reviews nine methods for alternatives assessment of chemicals that have been developed by government and private organizations in the United States and Europe and is designed to assist Massachusetts companies in the process of alternatives assessment for chemical hazards.File Name: Method Document 23 - final.pdf
File Size: 673.18 kB
Note: This file can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader
File Synopsis: This is an in-depth look at a number of tools and methods employed globally to conduct assessments of chemical alternatives. Download file...


expressiveness of Esperanto
Posted in Random thoughts at 11:14 am by ducky
Every once in a while I will see people who don't speak Esperanto comment on how, since it is not a natural language, it is not as expressive.
With all due respect, I don't think those people know what they are talking about. I have studied five natural languages (French, German, Dutch, Italian, and Spanish) and in my opinion, Esperanto is more expressive than any of them.
 - In Esperanto, not only are there very few (sixteen) formal rules, but also very few informal rules. For example, there is no formal rule saying whether you have to put adjectives before the noun or after. You could imagine that a social convention would evolve to put them one place or another, but in fact there is not. It is perfectly okay to put the words pretty much wherever you want them. It's even rather seen as creative to do non-standard things while staying inside the rules! This means that there are very few things that you are not allowed to say, so the universe of things that you can say is bigger.
 - Verbing nouns is discouraged in English. In Esperanto, it is totally fine to verb nouns. (In fact, words have no part of speech until you put an ending on them, so it almost doesn't make sense to talk about changing the part of speech.)
 - Esperanto allows compound words, meaning you can stick something like "zoo" and "keeper" to make "zookeeper". This is different from French, where you are not allowed to smush words together; you have to say "the keeper of the zoo".
 - Esperanto has a rich set of affixes that can get tossed into the mix, too.
 - In English, there are some words that end in "ery" to mean "place of" (bakery, penitentiary, tannery), but you can't put that ending on most words. Carwashery, punishmentery, shoery, miseryery, jogery, and sleepery are all words that are not legal (and in fact look laughable) in English, but whose Esperanto equivalents would look and sound just fine.
 - The "mal" prefix (meaning "opposite") is particularly useful for nuance. It allows you to easily distinguish between neutral negation (using the word for not, "ne") and a more active negation using "mal". In English, you can say "I don't like X" or "I dislike X", but both carry the connotation that you dislike X. In Esperanto, "mi ne ŝhatas" is distinctly different from "mi malŝatas". "Mi ne ŝatas X" means that I am neutral about it: I don't like it, I don't dislike it. "Mi malŝatas X" means that I dislike it, which you could translate as "I hate X", but that would be too strong. To express hatred, you would put the enlarging suffix on it: "me malŝategas X."
 There are words in English for the opposite of liking (dislike or hate), but there are not opposites for most words. For example, there is no word for the opposite of sitting. You might wish to distinguish between a neutral not-sitting (I happen to be standing, lying, walking, whatever, not that important) and anti-sitting (I am actively avoiding sitting, perhaps because my bottom is sore). In English, you can get the idea across, but it is convoluted. In Esperanto, you can express the difference easily with "mal" and "ne".
There is another, completely different form of expressiveness where Esperanto totally excels: the ability to learn the language well enough to express yourself in it. In some sense, it doesn't matter how expressive some constructs of a language are if you can't master those constructs. After seven semesters equivalent of college French, I wasn't able to express myself as well as a 9 year old native speaker. In Esperanto, you can get fluent much, much faster. (In natural languages, you spend an enormous amount of effort learning the things you are not allowed to say. In Esperanto, zero.)
The only thing that I can see as a "problem" is that it might be harder to be ambiguous in Esperanto. In English, because the structure of the language makes nuance more cumbersome to express, it is perhaps easier to be ambiguous. (Does "I don't like it" mean dislike or neutrality?) I see this as a feature in Esperanto, not a bug: I would rather have to put effort into being ambiguous and have clarity be easy than the reverse.
I will admit that Esperanto is pretty useless from a tourist perspective, but it is absolutely fantastic from a pedagogical perspective — much like LISP. The chances of being able to get a job programming in LISP are only slightly higher than your chance of being able to order in Esperanto in a restaurant, but learning either will help you understand languages in that domain (computer or human) much better than learning most other languages in that domain.
Also note that studying a natural language is pretty worthless from anything but a tourist perspective. Nobody in France speaks Beginning French.
Disclaimer: I haven't spoken much Esperanto in 30 years. This post is based on my memories of a summer of Esperanto when I was 12, including a week at an Esperanto summer camp.
 1. mankso said,
 January 13, 2008 at 7:28 pm
 >It is perfectly okay to put the words pretty much wherever you want them.
 That is rather an exaggeration! Two examples: attributive adjectives obviously have to be next to (before or after, but are usually found before in normal language) the nouns they agree with, and adverbs should immediately precede whatever they modify. [Just check your copy of Plena Vortaro, or its later versions, under the headwords 'ankau' or 'ne' where the 'Rimarko' clearly states this – many speakers fail to observe this, especially with 'ankau', leading to wrong emphases].
 I have reservations about your use of the term 'natural' language. This implies that Esperanto is an 'unnatural' one. Surely it would have been better to use 'ethnic' versus 'non-ethnic' here?
 And since it is the most frequently misunderstood point about Esperanto, it might be a good idea to state that its purpose is 'universal bilingualism' [i.e. YOUR language + Esperanto for all], and not 'one languagwe for the world' as many people wrongly suppose. Other cogent reasons for investigating Esperanto can be found in the one-page Prague Manifesto: _URL_
 It seems that your teenage involvement with Esperanto whetted your later appetite for languages. Correct? That is one of the selling points of the British Springboard to Languages program: _URL_
 2. ducky said,
 January 13, 2008 at 7:52 pm
 Ah, interesting. I had not noticed any social convention on word ordering.
 As for "natural language", I believe that was the term used to distinguish from constructed languages that was commonly used in the 70s. ("Constructed" was used instead of "artificial".)
 Maybe "ethnic" is what is used today, but it sure sounds odd to my ears. It makes me bring up an image of "ethnic cleansing", which I know has nothing to do with Esperanto, but it still calls it to mind. However, I understand that I don't get to choose what terms to use. 😉
 My family had an interest in languages, period. I think that I would have been interested in languages regardless of any involvement with Esperanto. I do believe that it made further learning much easier (especially for Italian and Spanish). One time, in fact, I got email from my father that kept switching languages. I did fine with the French and German but then when he switched into Esperanto it got really hard for me. ("Boy, my Esperanto sure is rusty!") It wasn't until I got to the next paragraph that I realized that the "Esperanto" paragraph was actually Italian (which I had not yet studied)!
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text:
/G (Optimize for Processor) Options
Tells the compiler to optimize code generation for the specified processor.
/G is available in all editions of Visual C++, but the compiler can perform more optimizations when /G is used with one of the /O compiler options. However, /O is not available in the Visual C++ standard edition.
To set this compiler option in the Visual Studio development environment
Open the project's Property Pages dialog box. For details, see.
Click the C/C++ folder.
Click the Command Line property page.
Type the compiler option in the Additional Options box.
To set this compiler option programmatically


text:
BECOMING A SOLDIER
a process that changes you - for the better
Becoming a Soldier can be challenging, but it's also a rewarding life. The process can be summed up in three steps. The first is to work with a Recruiter. Once you sign up and are sworn in, you attend Basic Combat Training (BCT). Then you learn valuable job skills at Advanced Individual Training (AIT). Each of these steps is explained in more detail below.


Ley walker
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Ley walker
A female ley walker
It is an occult truth, known to all who study the ways of magic and spellcraft, that great lines of power crisscross the lands of Azeroth. These lines of magic are often harnessed for mighty magical purposes, from the creation of moonwells to (some say) the powerful glowing dome in Dalaran. It is simply assumed that those with power eventually must seek out one of these sites. But those who study the mysteries of the ley lines discover something more. Certainly, there are lines of power that run across the land in a select few areas, but these are not the only lines — simply the most obvious. If these are thick, corded ropes of power, there are also tiny, web-thin threads that run between these great ley lines, connecting them in a vast net of pulsing, subtle power.
The ley walker is a magician who has discovered this fact, and seeks to harness the power of these threads. A ley walker is aware that, every moment of every day, these threads permeate all things, passing through, around, above and below all things, carrying magical energy from the Well of Eternity to all things in the world. With diligent study and practice, ley walkers sense these powers.
The sorcerous feats of which these men and women are capable are impressive. They are able to draw upon the skein of power to augment their spells, tap into this web to maintain spells past their normal durations, to heal themselves, and to protect their allies from magic.
The ley walker's attunement to the raw magical energies of the world grants her certain abilities not available to other spellcasters. Rather than paying for metamagic augmentation with her own powers, she may draw upon the power of the world to make the sacrifice of magical energy on her behalf. The ley walker is able to infuse the power of the ley lines into her spells. The ley walker may draw the power of the ley lines into herself, allowing them to knit her body closed. The ley walker is able to rapidly traverse the ley lines that connect every place in the world. The ley walker may snatch up the threads of ley line energy and affix them to herself or an ally within 30 feet, allowing magical energy to strike the threads and flow away.
Of the arcane classes, magi, inscribers and runemasters are most likely to take this class, for they are the ones who treat this knowledge as truly important — they steep their magics in this world, rather than in the world of the dead, or in the Twisting Nether. Indeed, inscribers and runemasters understand the secrets of these ley lines better than most, and so this prestige class is a natural for them. Any of the divine spellcasters are likely to study this path as well, particularly druids, shamans and priests of Elune. In particular, this path is found among the night elves and the tauren, though many dwarven ley walkers have expanded the realms of understanding by studying the strange ley lines that crawl through the deep caverns. Most folk don't know a ley walker from any other magician. It is only among societies of magicians (such as the Kirin Tor) or priestly orders that those who study these arts stand apart, for they tend to steep their magical discussion in terms of interaction with the ley lines of the world, much to the irritation of other magicians, who find this set of symbols to be useless to them.
In such societies, ley walkers tend to have one of two reputations — crackpots who are obsessed with what is considered just a small facet of the magical knowledge in the world, or truly wise scholars and sages of a set of deep mysteries.[1]
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text:
The Trollfjord (Trollfjorden) is a 2 km long sidearm of the Raftsund between the Norwegian archipelagos of Lofoten and Vesterålen. With its narrow entrance and steep-sided mountains, Trollfjord cuts westwards from the Raftsundet strait. The name is derived from troll, a figure from Norse mythology.
The mouth of the Trollfjord where it joins the Raftsund is only 100 meters wide. The fjord widens to a maximum width of 800 meters. The mountains surrounding Trollfjord are between 600 to 1100 metres high. It is surrounded by Trolltindan (1084 meter) in the south and Blåfjell (998 meter) and hohe Litlkorsnestinden (980 meter) in the north. The Trollfjord is 72 metres at its deepest point.
 Tourist attraction
Until 1960 there was a waterfall at the end of Trollfjord which is now redirected to produce hydroelectricity.
 The Battle ofTrollfjord
The Battle of Trollfjord (Trollfjordslaget) was fought in 1890 between the first industrial, steam-driven fishing ships and teams of traditional open-boat fishermen over access to the fjord. Johan Bojer described the battle in his 1921 novel The last of the Vikings (Den siste Viking).
 See also
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Trollfjord|


text:
A spatiotemporal model of shifting cultivation and forest cover dynamics
Sustainable use of humid forest resources as a source of fertile land for cultivation requires long periods of fallow and the ability to move the zone of active cultivation from one location to another over time. At the individual field level, shifting cultivation is essentially a resource extraction problem akin to a pulse fishery – a short period of intensive use of the stock of soil fertility followed by a long idle period permitting regeneration. This paper describes a spatiotemporal model of resource extraction adapted to the use of forest resources by shifting cultivators. Theoretically grounded in the spatial and household modelling literature, it is a structural simulation model of household decision-making, and includes a demonstration of the concept with a limited data set from southern Cameroon. Use of a stated preference approach to modelling decision-making identifies individual preferences and spatial path-dependency as important sources of shortened fallows and resource degradation.
Volume (Year): 13 (2008)
Issue (Month): 05 (October)
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: Cambridge University Press, UPH, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8BS UK|
Web page: _URL_


lesson of C++ / strcat (segmentation fault)
Hi,
some beginners question : I would like to draw an array of random letters, but after the loop of initiziliastion of letters, i have a segmentation fault, why ? is it better way to do this ?
in a previous version the loop changed my _nbLignes _ and _nbColonnes _ variables without error…
Could someone answer to this question and help my little brain ?
DRAW LOOP ------------------

//--------------------------------------------------------------
void testApp::draw(){

 char affich_string[60] = {0};
 char letter[1];
 int n;
 int asciiCode;

 for (int i=0; i < 60; i++){
 asciiCode = ofRandom(65,90);
 sprintf(letter,"%c",asciiCode);
 strcat(affich_string,letter);
 };

 ofSetColor(0x00FF00);
 cout << affich_string << ":" << counter << "\n";

 for (int ii=0; ii<60; ii++){
 int idxLignes = ii/nbLignes;
 int idxColonnes = ii%nbColonnes;
 int step = 40;

 sprintf(letter,"%c",affich_string[ii]);
 franklinBook.drawString(letter,(idxColonnes+1)*step,(idxLignes+1)*step);

 };

}
CLASS DECLARATION ----------------------------------------------

class testApp : public ofBaseApp{

 public:
 void setup();
 void update();
 void draw();

 void keyPressed (int key);
 void keyReleased(int key);
 void mouseMoved(int x, int y );
 void mouseDragged(int x, int y, int button);
 void mousePressed(int x, int y, int button);
 void mouseReleased(int x, int y, int button);
 void windowResized(int w, int h);

 ofTrueTypeFont franklinBook;
 ofTrueTypeFont verdana;
// ofTrueTypeFont franklinBookLarge;

 float counter;
 int nbLignes;
 int nbColonnes;

};
the cause is probably:

char letter[1];
...
sprintf(letter,"%c",asciiCode);
c strings are 0 terminated, that means that any string has the lenght of the string that it contains + 1 for the 0 terminator, so letter should have size 2
an easier way to do this would be something like:

string affich_string;
string letter;
letter.resize(2,0);
for (int i=0; i < 60; i++){
 letter[0] = ofRandom(65,90);
 affich_string += letter;
}

Thx for that quick reply.
After these corrections,
it seems that drawing almost 500 letters randomly is very slow. Is there a normal phenomenon ? is there a way to do it efficiently ?
Thx for helping in advance.
yes, drawing letters is not very efficient in ofTrueTypeFont, the problem is it needs to bind a different texture for each character + upload the vertexes for the quad. it should be possible to make it way faster by using a texture atlas instead of individual textures for each char
Do you mean drawing one string instead of each char ? Because i tried this way with quite the same result.
it's nothing you can do from your application it needs some changes in the same ofTrueTypeFont class. When it loads a font it generates a texture for each char in it, instead of that generating one big texture with all the characters in it + texture coordinates for each character will make it much faster cause it will avoid binding and unbinding the texture for each drawn character
Is something planned for OF 007 :wink: ?
no : )
i was curious about this and just implemented it : ) haven't tested it very throughly so if you find any glitches let me know.
it's in my ttfTextureAtlas branch:
_URL_
also i'm on linux so the project files for osx can be missing some file and windows is probably super broken
also to make it faster to render several chars or strings one after another you can use:

font.bind();
font.drawString(...)
font.drawString(...)
font.drawString(...)
font.unbind();

Ok I've downloaded your ttf class, and…
[sub]||=== texts, debug ===|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|6|error: expected unqualified-id before '<' token|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|9|warning: character constant too long for its type|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|11|error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '.' token|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|11|error: expected )' before '{' token| ..\..\..\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|11|error: expected unqualified-id before ')' token| ..\..\..\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|22|error: expected unqualified-id before '<' token| ..\..\..\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|25|warning: character constant too long for its type| ..\..\..\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|27|error:var' does not name a type|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|39|error: expected unqualified-id before ')' token|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|43|warning: character constant too long for its type|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|43|warning: character constant too long for its type|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|50|error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '.' token|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|50|warning: character constant too long for its type|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|51|error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '.' token|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|52|error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '.' token|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|52|warning: character constant too long for its type|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|53|error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '.' token|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|56|error: expected unqualified-id before '<' token|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|61|error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '.' token|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|61|warning: character constant too long for its type|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|61|warning: character constant too long for its type|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|62|error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '.' token|
…\libs\openFrameworks\graphics\ofTrueTypeFont.h|62|warning: character constant too long for its type|
…\li


When you go public with your journey out of Mormonism, be prepared for questions LDS friends will typically ask.
Key Points:
 - Who Offended You?
 - Who Got a Hold of You?
 - Did You Start Reading Anti-Mormon Literature?
 - What Commandment Couldn't You Keep?
Talk About It
 3. What questions did LDS friends and family raise when they found out about your journey?
 4. When you were LDS, did you ever raise similar questions to others? What assumptions were you making behind those questions?
 5. Your journey will be different from others, so what role did a personal offense play in your journey from Mormonism – if any?
 6. What role did "anti-Mormon" literature play in your journey?
 7. What do you think is the best way to answer when people raise questions like this?
 8. Write a personal action step based on this conversation.
This is part of the Relationships After Mormonism series.


text:
The gas meter market will grow at an annual average of 3% through 2020 thanks to the advances made in its technology, according to analyst company Technavio. It is expected to reach 465.1 million euros in four years.
The new techniques allow the development of low-density air measurement devices, sending real-time data to a recorder, controlling the meter through a web connection, and more reliable and more accurate devices. The same study indicates that the industries linked to oil and gas, especially the US. Which will lead the introduction of new models of gas analyzers and boost the market.


text:
3 The OmniFocus 2 Pro for Mac allows you to create custom views of your data that you can access at the click of a mouse.
Custom perspectives are much more flexible in OmniFocus 3.
Instructions for how to create and edit OmniFocus 3 perspectives are included in our more recent content. Also, visit the Custom Perspectives for OmniFocus 3 directory for specific examples that showcase the enhanced power and flexibility of custom perspectives.
Custom perspectives created in OmniFocus 2 continue to work in OmniFocus 3. You can optionally upgrade them to OmniFocus 3 perspectives to take advantage of the power and flexibility that OmniFocus 3 offers.
The Standard edition of OmniFocus comes preinstalled with a number of different perspectives that provide you with different ways to view your OmniFocus database. For example, the Projects perspective allows you to view your database by project, the Contexts perspective allows you to view your database by Context and the Review perspective shows a list of projects that are up for review.
If you have the Pro version of OmniFocus you can create your own perspectives. For example, it might be useful to have a perspective that shows you all your available personal tasks and another to show a list of your errands. Before watching this video it's recommended that you read the Foundation: Mind Mapping Your Responsibilities article.
In this video you'll learn:
- How to create a perspective that shows all available actions.
- How to create a perspective that shows all important (due or flagged) actions.
- How to create a perspective that shows you available actions in a specific area of your life (e.g. personal).
- How to create a perspective for easy access to your errands.
- How to create a perspective for easy access to your waiting list.
- How to use the reorder, modify and delete perspectives.
- How to add perspectives to the sidebar and toolbar.
- How to assign a keyboard shortcut to a perspective.


Mirror
An enhanced TQuery, combining the functionality of a TQuery, TBatchMove and TTable (Views: 100)
Problem/Question/Abstract:
In many of my applications, when I perform a query, I write it out to disk, using a TBatchMove. How can I create a component that will combine the functionality of TQuery with a TBatchMove?
Answer:
Where's the Documentation?
One of my associates mentioned something recently that took me by surprise. He said there aren't many articles about building components in the major Delphi periodicals. When I really thought about it, and also perused some back issues of the periodicals I get, I realized he was correct. There were articles about specific components and what they do, but I couldn't find an article that dealt with building components in a general way.
I think the reason is that the process of building a component is a really involved and complex one. It doesn't matter whether the desired component's functionality is simple or not. There are just a lot of things you have to consider while building a component. And because of this, I don't think you could easily cover that type of material in a single article. You'd probably want to include it as several chapters in a book or devote an entire book to the subject, which is exactly what many writers have done.
Why is the process complex, even if what you might write is not? It has to do with the object hierarchy. When you build custom components, you will always inherit from a base class, be it TObject, TComponent or another class on the inheritance tree. To ensure that you aren't reinventing the wheel when writing new methods, it's a good idea to study the methods and properties of the ancestor class and even the ancestor's ancestor class, or further up the line if you want. I find myself doing it a lot when creating components because inadvertently redeclaring functions and properties without overriding base class functions and properties will usually get you in a lot of trouble with the compiler. Or, your component may compile, but it may not work as expected or — worse yet — not work at all.
This tip is no exception.
A New TQuery Component
One of the most common things you'll do when performing queries in Delphi is write the answer set(s) to persistent data stores. What does this involve? Let's look at the steps:
Create a TQuery
Load SQL into the TQuery
Open the Query
Create a destination TTable
Set its DatabaseName, TableName and TableType properties
Create a TBatchMove
Set its Source, Destination and Mode properties
Execute the TBatchMove
Fairly easy, but a lot of code to accomplish a really simple task. Here's an example:
InitQuery := TQuery.Create(Application);
with InitQuery do
begin
 DatabaseName := 'PRIVATE';
 Close;
 SQL.Clear;
 SQL.Add('SELECT D.BATCH, D.RECORD, D.ACCOUNT, D.FACILITY, D."INGREDIENT COST",');
 SQL.Add('D."PHARMACY ID", D.DAW, D."DAYS SUPPLY", D."DISPENSING FEE",
 D."MEMBER ID",');
 SQL.Add('D."DOCTOR ID", D.NDC, D.FORMULARY, D."Apr Amt Due",');
 SQL.Add('D1."DEA CODE", D1."GPI CODE", D1."DRUG NAME", D1."GENERIC CODE",
 0 AS D."DAW COUNT"');
 SQL.Add('FROM "' + EncPath + '" D, ":DRUGS:MDMDDB" D1');
 SQL.Add('WHERE (D.' + DateFld + ' >= ' + BStart + ' AND D.' + DateFld + ' <= '
 + BEnd + ') AND');
 SQL.Add('((D."RECORD STATUS" P'') OR (D."RECORD STATUS" R'')) ');
 SQL.SaveToFile('mgrInit.sql');
 try
 Open;
 try // Send the SQL result to :PRIV:INIT.DB
 InitTable := "TTable.Create(Application);
 "
 with InitTable do
 begin
 DatabaseName := "PRIVATE";
 TableName := "INIT";
 end;
 InitBatch := TBatchMove.Create(Application);
 with InitBatch do
 begin
 Destination := InitTable;
 Source := InitQuery;
 Mode := batCopy;
 Execute;
 end;
 finally
 InitTable.Free;
 InitBatch.Free;
 end;
 except
 Free;
 Abort;
 end;
 Free;
end;
Having grown tired of having to do this over and over in my code, I decided to create a component that combines all of the functionality mentioned above. In fact, there are not any multiple execution steps — just one call to make the thing go. This component is a descendant of TQuery, so it enjoys all of TQuery's features, but has the ability to execute the steps above with one call. Not only that, it's intelligent enough to know if you're doing a query, such as an UPDATE, that doesn't require writing to another table. I could go into a lot more detail with this but I won't because I documented the source code extensively. Let's take a look at it:
{==================================================================================
Program Name : TEnhQuery - Enhanced Query
Description : This component, derived from TQuery, was created to save coding by
 integrating the functionality of performing a BatchMove into the
 TQuery's execution code. Whenever you want to create a persistent
 result set in code, you always have to create a TTable and a
 TBatchMove to move the data from the Query to the persistent store.
 This component eliminates that by creating the necessary objects
 immediately after performing an open. The component is smart enough
 to know if a BatchMove is actually necessary by parsing the SQL and
 seeing if a SELECT is being performed. If it isn't, the component
 will perform an ExecSQL instead. One other thing to note is that
 I've included a lot of exception handling. Granted, they force a
 silent Abort, but I've ensured there aren't any stray objects
 floating around either.
Important Additions:
Properties: DestinationTable - Name of destination table. Defaults to 'INIT.DB'
 DestDatabaseName - Name destination database. If a component is
 dropped into a form, you can set this interactively
with a property editor I created for it.
 DestBatchMoveMode - This is a property of type TBatchMode. Defaults
 to batCopy.
 DoBatchMove - Determines if a batch move should take place at
 all. If it should (value = True), the SQL
 result set will be moved to a persistent data
 store. Otherwise, a regular Open will
 occur.
Methods: Execute (virtual) This is what you will call when using this
 component. However, since this is a descendant
 of TQuery, you can always use Open or ExecSQL
 to go around this function. Notice that this is
 virtual, which means that you can add more
 functionality if you wish.
 DoEnhQueryOpen: This takes the place of the Open method, but
 (virtual) since it's private, it can only be called by
 Execute. It too is virtual, so you can override
 its functionality. I suggest you keep it private
 to avoid people inadvertently using it.
Notes:
You may get a couple of compiler warnings stating that the vars "btc" and "tbl" may
not have been initialized. Ignore them. The reason for the warning is because the
vars are declared but only initialized if the Open succeeded. No use in creating
them if they aren't needed.
==================================================================================}
unit enhquery;
interface
uses
 Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs,
 DB, DBTables, DSGNINTF, alnames;
type
 TDBStringProperty = class(TStringProperty)
 public
 function GetAttributes: TPropertyAttributes; override;
 procedure GetValueList(List: TStrings); virtual; abstract;
 procedure GetValues(Proc: TGetStrProc); override;
 end;
 TDestDB


text:
7 posts • Page 1 of 1
It would be really cool if someone can help me with the following:
I drew a tube in sketchup and I managed to hide some handles to scale (via component Attributes - Behavior - Scale tool). So the user can only scale the tube in one direction. No I would like the scaling to snap on a multiple of 25.
So when my tube is 100cm and I scale it to 523, the lenght should snap to 525. When I scale the tube to 7cm, it should snap to 25.
25cm is the shortest the tube can be. 12m is the longest the tube can be.
Does anyone now how to do this?
I hope the question is clear enough. If not, don't hesitate to ask me more about the problem!
Thank you in advance and kind regads!
The maths to do this is relatively simple - divide by your "snap unit", round to an integer, then multiply up again by the snap unit.
But first, you need to know about the way that new values get updated from the user interface. For this, you need the special function "current()".
Current() receives a value from your mouse (or VCB) interaction, and then makes the DC equations update once, and only once. Without this, a reference such as...
LenX = round(LenX/25)*25
...doesn't know when to stop calculating, because every change to LenX makes it change again, and again - a circular reference. In reality, this kind of error is trapped, but still gives strange results.
The correct form is...
LenX = round(current("LenX")/25) * 25
Note that you must wrap the parameter name in quotes as shown here.
You could also use the functions ceiling() or floor(), if you want the snapping to always round up, or always round down - round() always goes to the closest one.
Also, watch out for small lengths that might snap to zero length - the IF function can test for this, e.g...
LenX = if ( current("LenX")>25, round(current("LenX")/25)*25, 25)
Here, if current("LenX") is over 25, you will get the result of the rounding functions, otherwise you get a fixed value of 25.
And there is yet another thing to be careful of. No matter what units you use for your drawing, current(), always return the length in inches! So if you are working in metric you may have to multiply the result by 2.54 before rounding.
LenX = if ( current("LenX")>25, round(current("LenX")*2.54/25)*25, 25)
There's a full list of functions HERE.
Thank you for the quick reply. I'm going to take some time to figure this out because I'm not that well-known with formulas.
I do understand the forumulas you gave me. Now I need to combine these untill I got what I need, am I right?
Is it still possible to adjust the tube in lenght with the scale tool?
Untill now I already created an attribute LenZ. Users could enter the length in a textbow. So I figure that it is either one or the other. Of "entering the lenght" - Or scaling the length with the limitation of a snap-formula.
Yes, you are on the right track...
To use snapping from the Options it's best to use a drop-down list - if an attribute is using a formula, it cannot also be editable in the Component Options window. As soon as the user chooses a new value in the window, the literal value will replace the formula - leaving the snapping disabled.
You can create a custom "data entry" attribute to use in the Options window, and then reference that inside the formula. But, to do that, you would still need to disable the scale tool completely, as there is no way to make the formula switch automatically between using the custom attribute when editing the window, or using current("LenZ") when you use the scale tool - it would require a function something like "Most_Recently_Changed(attr1,attr2)", which SU does not have (though it would be nice).
So, as you say, it is a matter of choosing one method or the other. This will depend on the context of the component - for "snap to grid" type functions, using the scale tool is usually most natural, whereas for "real world" objects that come in standard sizes (e.g. screw threads, shoe sizes), the Options window may be more appropriate.
Thank you very much!
I used this formula: LenZ=ROUND(CURRENT("LenZ")*2.54/25)*25 and it works perfectly.
It would be nice indeed.
Thank you for the quick replies. The explanation was very clear!
'bout time I was contributing a little more round here - the generosity of other forum users taught me most of what I use every day in SU.
I'll pay it forward when my I have some more knowledge about SU.
7 posts • Page 1 of 1


text:
free bins HERE
ask us - tell us
Why hasn't my compost bin got air holes in it?
Provided that you ensure that the materials you put in the compost bin are a combination of ingredients that provide both moisture e.g. grass cuttings and fruit and vegetable peelings (greens) and those that provide structure and air pockets e.g. fine woody waste and screwed up paper and card (browns), then there will be sufficient air within the mixture. By composting in this way you eliminate the need to turn your heap. Compost bins with air holes lead to the mixture drying out where it is in direct contact with the hole. The air is unable to penetrate deeper than the first couple of centimetres, resulting in dry compost around the edges and wet compost in the centre.
|© HDRA Consultants Page updated July 13, 2023


WATCH: Robotic device winds its own way through beating pig heart
Scientists have created a small robotic device that guides itself safely through a beating pig's heart, demonstrating what such tools might one day do in surgery.
Routine steps
And they borrowed some tricks from animals to do the job. To find its way to a specific point in the heart, the thin tube called a catheter gently tapped its path along heart walls and to a valve, much like how cockroaches skitter along walls and rats reach out with their whiskers.
Researchers from Boston Children's Hospital tested their robot in pigs. Experienced doctors were a little faster threading catheters into place. But researchers say robotic devices might one day do routine steps in operations so doctors could focus on more complicated tasks.
The research was published in Science Robotics.
Image credit: iStock
We live in a world where facts and fiction get blurred
Subscribe to News24


$fnam = substr(__FILE__, strrpos(__FILE__,'/')+1 ); $fnam = substr($fnam, 0, strrpos($fnam, '.') ). 'BesucherZaehler.txt'; set_include_path($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']. '/Zentrale/KomandoZentrale'); include "BesucherZaehlen.php";?> WirblerMirblerPGE
 helpful for supply chains (different companies)
Download instructions of our product form Download instructions of our SCL generator
0, 6 7 6 8 8 9 1 8 5 6 0 9 5 6 4 0 8 8 8 9 9 9 6 6 7
Illustration of production levels (part) and production levels (assembly)
product levels
Auxiliary template for determining the product levels (part) and production levels (assembly)
In the product tree, all the materials (parts) required for the production of the product are listed in accordance with the logical sequence of parts production and assembly. The production level of a part is the level at which the part is required according to manufacturing aspects. The transition between a subordinate and a higher level of manufacturing is called the manufacturing level or construction level. It always corresponds to a partial production or assembly. The upper level on which the product ready for shipment is located always has the number zero. The disposition level is the lowest level of production of a part that occurs repeatedly in a product at different production levels (repeat part). The quantities in a product master tree always refer to a unit of measure (ME) of the respective, directly superior part. For example, at a given level of manufacturing, here only three and not four parts of a given product are given. The total number of parts required for the manufacture of a finished product must therefore be calculated separately. The parts needed for a mounting should be applied in the order from left to right, as is the time sequence of the individual assembly steps. The Unit of Measure (ME) is generally the unit used to settle the relevant part in terms of quantity and cost. Since the product tree is the basis for the BOMs, which are among the most important basic data of a production plant, the product classification should be handled with the necessary foresight and reflected in the expertise of all parties directly or indirectly involved in production You send to the company Wirbler & Mirbler correspondingly marked modular products, which are taken into account in the product analysis and their offsetting. The modular products are each analyzed as a separate part (15 + 3). The entire kit also includes three additional analysis indicators.
They share the company Wirber & amp; Mirbler the levels of construction quality of the products, which in the analysis then each time three additional long-term Endmessergenisse per building value.
Auxiliary template for determining the product levels (part) and production levels (assembly)
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What is binary condition
Binary condition in Machine Learning is a type of decision-making process used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. It is a type of decision-tree algorithm that allows a machine learning system to make decisions based on certain conditions. It is a type of supervised learning, in which the machine learns from a set of labeled data.
Binary condition in Machine Learning works by breaking down a complex problem into two simple parts. It can be used to classify data into two categories, such as true or false, or to determine if a given set of conditions is met. It is a powerful tool for AI systems, as it can be used to solve a wide range of problems.
When using binary condition in Machine Learning, the system is provided with a set of labeled data. The labeled data is used to train the system so that it can learn to recognize patterns in the data. Once the system has been trained, it can then be used to make decisions based on the input data. For example, if the input data is a set of images, the system can be trained to recognize certain objects in the images.
Binary condition in Machine Learning can be used in a variety of applications, such as facial recognition, image classification, and natural language processing. It is also used in robotics, as it can be used to make decisions about how a robot should move and interact with its environment.
Binary condition in Machine Learning has numerous advantages, such as being able to make decisions quickly and accurately. It is also relatively simple to use, as it is based on a simple decision tree. Additionally, it can be used to solve complex problems, as it can be used to classify data into two categories.
Overall, binary condition in Machine Learning is a powerful tool for AI systems. It can be used to classify data into two categories, as well as to solve complex problems. It is also relatively simple to use, as it is based on a simple decision tree. As such, it is a powerful tool for AI systems, and is used in a variety of applications.


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ABSTRACT

Abstract—In this paper, we extend the standard for object-oriented databases, ODMG, with reactive features, by proposing a language for specifying triggers and defining its semantics. This extension has several implications, thus this work makes three different specific contributions. First, the definition of a declarative data manipulation language for ODMG, which is missing in the current version of the standard; such a definition requires revisiting data manipulation in ODMG and also addressing issues related to set-oriented versus instance-oriented computation. Then, the definition of a trigger language for ODMG, unifying also the SQL:1999 proposal and providing support for trigger inheritance and overriding. Finally, the development of a formal semantics for the proposed data manipulation and trigger languages.

INDEX TERMS
Triggers, active databases, object-oriented DBMSs, ODMG, ODL.
CITATION
Elisa Bertino, Isabella Merlo, Giovanna Guerrini, "Extending the ODMG Object Model with Triggers", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering, vol. 16, no. , pp. 170-188, February 2004, doi:10.1109/TKDE.2004._PHONE_
107 ms
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text: The history of Baja California has been closely tied to the exploitation of pearls since the 16th century. Using rudimentary diving techniques for most of this era, European and Mexican entrepreneurs recovered vast amounts of fine, dark pearls from this region. However, years of overfishing inevitably led to decades when the oyster beds were all but barren. Introduction of the diving suit in the 19th century extended the depth of the beds that could be fished, but overexploitation continued largely unchecked. Cultivation of the pearl oyster Pinctadamazatlanica by Gaston Vives, between 1903 and 1914, greatly slowed exhaustion of the natural stock. His company, CCCP, represented the world's first large-scale cultivation of pearl oysters, and many of Vives's discoveries are used today in renewed pearl-oyster cultivation and pearl-culturing activities in Baja California.


I am trying to understand what exactly the flying ice cube effect is, and how it manifests itself in MD simulation.
From what I have read about it, I see that as we run certain forms of velocity-rescaling without scrutiny, they system "freezes" into certain fixed states with a net momentum (like an ice-cube flying in space), instead of jostling around with zero net momentum. The article says:
the energy of high-frequency fundamental modes is drained into low-frequency modes, particularly into zero-frequency motions such as overall translation and rotation of the system.
What exactly is a high-frequency energy mode for point particles in space? Why does energy get drained out of them, and go into translation and rotation?
I am thinking of point particles moving in space with some kinetic energy, and with some interaction potential energy $U$. So the Hamiltonian is pretty much: \begin{align}\tag{1} \mathcal{H} &= \mathcal{K}(\mathbf{p})+\mathcal{U}(\mathbf{r}), \\\tag{2} \mathcal{H} &= \frac{1}{2}\sum _i \frac{\mathbf{p}_i^2}{m_i} + \mathcal{U}(\mathbf{r}). \end{align}
If I consistently rescale velocity to reach a certain temperature, why does it lead to a fixed state and the energy of high-frequency modes being drained into low-frequency modes like translation and rotation?
High frequency in this case is 'particles move all independently, with different directions and speed', and low frequency means 'particles can be represented as gradually changing field of speed and direction of particles in the region'. Something like 'frequency in space', how often to change speed and direction as you observe more and more particles.
If your particles are not centered, so that movement of center of mass is not zero, then large movement may take up most of the mantissa of your variables.
For example, big movement is 1000 units, and thermal movement is 1.001 units. Non-centered particle speed is 1001.001. This requires a lot of digits to store, and last digit may be lost in rounding.
The flying ice cube effect is when the kinetic energy leaks into the translations and rotations.
In a constant energy simulation (NVE) this must come at the expense of vibrations, which has the effect of "freezing" the bonds, angles and torsions. Obviously, this is a purely classical effect because even at 0 K a bond will vibrate at the zero-point energy (ZPE).
Here is a breakdown of the types of vibrations:
 - Bond stretches: Highest in energy
 - Bends: Somewhat lower in energy
 - Torsional motions: Lower still
 - "Breathing" modes (very large molecules): Lowest energy
To prevent energy from being leaked into translations and rotations one must be careful in how they prepare initial conditions and remove translation and rotations every so often.
For example, Amber will remove COM translations (and rotations if a non-periodic simulation) every nscm steps. The default is 1000. The manual also says something interesting about Langevin Dynamics which are NVT simulations
For Langevin dynamics, the position of the center-of-mass of the molecule is reset to zero every NSCM steps, but the velocities are not affected Hence there is no change to either the translation or rotational components of the momenta. (Doing anything else would destroy the way in which temperature is regulated in a Langevin dynamics system.)
You can also ensure you don't have translations and rotations by operating in internal coordinates. But that is very non-standard practice. Boltzamann sampled initial conditions from normal modes can be a good way to generate initial conditions as well, but that is restricted to things you can actually calculate normal modes for, which is typically less than a few hundred atoms and probably not worth your time.
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text:
On January 12, 2009, First Lady Laura Bush, Deputy Secretary of the Interior Lynn Scarlett and Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) Chairman John L Nau, III announced that the United States Lighthouse Society was officially designated and recognized as a Preserve America Steward for its exemplary volunteer efforts to care for the Thomas Point Shoal Lighthouse!
Preserve America is a White House initiative that encourages and supports community efforts to preserve and enjoy our nation's heritage. Scarlett and Nau co-chair Preserve America. Mrs. Bush serves as Honorary Chair of Preserve America since its inception in March 2003.
To learn more about the program, please go to their website and the press release.
The letter from the White House and signed by Mrs. Bush is shown here. It reads: "Congratulations on the designation of the United States Lighthouse [Society] as a Preserve America Steward! The preservation of our historical and cultural resources honors our nation's rich heritage. President Bush and I applaud your achievement. Your volunteer efforts inspire our fellow Americans and set a great example for communities around the country. Thank you for your enthusiastic participation in the Preserve America initiative."
Clearly this is quite an honor for the Society, for its Chesapeake Chapter, and, most of all, for all of our volunteers and friends that have generously given so much of their time, enthusiasm, talents and skills to preserve our beloved Chesapeake Bay icon and National Historic Landmark. We still have more work to do, but we are extremely proud of our accomplishments since our partnership took over ownership and management of the lighthouse in 2004. We are very grateful to all of you who contributed in one way or another to make this award possible.


Vitamin K2 promotes bone healing in a rat femoral osteotomy model with or without glucocorticoid treatment
Jun Iwamoto, Azusa Seki, Yoshihiro Sato, Hideo Matsumoto, Tsuyoshi Tadeda, James K. Yeh
研究成果: Article
20 引用 （Scopus）
抜粋
The purpose of the present preclinical study was to determine whether vitamin K2 would promote bone healing in a rat femoral osteotomy model with or without glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Thirty-eight 6 week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a unilateral osteotomy of the femoral diaphysis followed by intramedullary wire fixation and then were randomized into four groups that received the following treatment schedules: vehicle, vitamin K2, GC + vehicle, and GC + vitamin K2. GC (prednisolone, 2.5 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously twice a week. Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone, 30 mg/ kg) was administered orally five times a week. After 8 weeks of treatment, the wires were removed and a bone histomorphometric analysis was performed on the bone tissue inside the callus. Vitamin K2 administration to GCuntreated rats decreased the osteoclast surface/bone surface (OcS/BS), osteoblast surface (ObS)/BS, eroded surface (ES)/BS, and bone formation rate (BFR)/BS and increased the lamellar area/bone area. Although GC treatment increased the ES/BS and decreased the ObS/BS, BFR/BS, and lamellar area/bone area, vitamin K2 administration to GC-treated rats decreased the OcS/BS and prevented an increase in the ES/BS and a decrease in the lamellar area/ bone area. These results suggested that vitamin K2 downregulated bone turnover and stimulated lamellar bone formation in GC-untreated rats and prevented an increase in bone resorption while maintaining bone formation and prevented a decrease in lamellar bone formation in GCtreated rats. Thus, vitamin K2 appears to be effective for promoting bone healing in a rat femoral osteotomy model with or without GC treatment.
元の言語English
ページ（範囲）234-241
ページ数8
ジャーナルCalcified Tissue International
86
発行部数3
DOI
出版物ステータスPublished - 2010 3
 フィンガープリント
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
 - Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
 - Endocrinology
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text: In this study, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique was used for the detection of i) the reasons of deformations which occur in the field ground of Gümüşhane University Sport Complex (GUSC), and ii) the congestion in flow pipe of Gümüşhane University, Engineering and Natural Sciences Faculty (GUENSF). GPR data was collected by using the RAMAC CU II device and a shielded antenna with a 500 MHz center frequency. The wave fields for GUSC were examined by 2D and 3D processing. The large-scaled hyperbolic reflections are in corresponds to the areas where the field ground has deformations. It is considered that these anomaly areas may include a gap or a padding having a large gap and suggested that these damaged areas must be full with hard materials. The large-scaled hyperbolic reflections approximately starts in one-meter depth and reaches three-meters. For GUENSF, the measurements were conducted on the route where the main flow pipe crosses. In GPR sections, hyperbolas with high amplitudes were observed in the zones where flow pipe passes. Information on slope of flow pipe was provided by examining the association of these hyperbolas with the depth, and the clogged zones were detected. It is stated that unclogging the clogged zones of the flow pipe will not fully contribute to the resolution of the problem. Therefore, it is suggested to provide necessary slope to the flow pipe by completely removing and mounting back. These results show that GPR technique is an effective tool to provide a good image and solution for the complex ground problems.


text:
Maui Solar Project Installs Solar at The Maui Farm
Maui Solar Project recently installed 20 kW of solar panels on the campus of The Maui Farm, a local nonprofit organization.
The Maui Farm, founded in 1985, provides farm-based, family-centered residential and educational programs that teach essential life skills for self-sufficient living.
The addition of the PV to four homes and The Maui Farm's administrative office will save the organization an estimated $200,000 over the next 20 years.
"The Maui Farm continues efforts to streamline our operating expenses to ensure the most efficient use of public and private resources in our work with homeless families and the community," said Executive Director Paula Ambre. "We are most grateful to Maui Solar Project for making our most recent initiative, the installation of photovoltaic energy systems, an affordable reality for our nonprofit organization."
To arrange financing, often the biggest challenge for nonprofits wanting to transition to solar, The Maui Farm worked with MSP to do an in-house power purchase agreement benefitting both organizations.
"The Maui Farm promotes sustainable agricultural practices, environmental stewardship and healthy living," said MSP Vice President of Operations Emily Erickson, who sits on the Board of directors for The Maui Farm. "With the addition of photovoltaic energy on their campus, The Maui Farm can teach children, families and community members about PV and depending less on fossil fuels. PV provides an educational tool as well as a great savings for the agency's budget."
MSP installed 100 Hyundai 280 watt panels with Enphase Micro-Inverters on Uni-Rac Racking.
Kahului-based Maui Solar Project is a locally owned and operated company founded in 2008 by Edmond Alberton and Josh Porter. MSP is committed to supporting the local community and advocating for cleaner energy on our islands. On O'ahu, MSP's sister company, HI Solar Battery, focuses on off-grid and self-supply systems.
MSP is a member of the GEMS Financing Program. a partnership between the Hawai'i State Energy Office and the Hawai'i Green Infrastructure Authority that makes clean energy improvements more affordable and accessible to Hawaii consumers. Through the program, MSP offers commercial and nonprofit loans as well as residential loans.
For more about The Maui Farm, visit _URL_.
For more about Maui Solar Project visit _URL_.


text:
One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
Before (or after) the committing of a crime.'an accessory before the fact'
event, happening, occurrence, incident, act, deedView synonyms
- 'David had been found out and his explanation is after the fact rationalization to put the best face forward on the matter.'
- 'Whenever an instrument tells a lie about some alleged past fact it purports to be made after the fact occurred.'
- 'The plaintiffs did not authorize many specific transactions but were aware of them after the fact.'
- 'The more open they are, the less likely they are to wind up indicted for crimes after the fact.'
- 'All those, although very crucial to crime prevention, are before the fact.'
- 'He conceded that the publication of secret information could be punished after the fact.'
- 'Families often learn several days after the fact that their relative was a suicide bomber.'
- 'Why does the department cover up for the chief assassin of its officers thirty years after the fact?'
- 'Yet when doing so they always sought congressional authority, even if after the fact.'
- 'First, the photographer snapped it while the lynching was in progress and not after the fact.'
Top tips for CV writingRead more
In this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot-on CV.


text:
I posted the same question on MATLAB central, and Bill Greene kindly provided an answer.
I briefly report and extend it so that it can be useful to others.
Solution by Bill:
Here is one way to create such a plot. Assume you have the point matrix created by the PDE Toolbox mesher, p, and a solution vector, u. The function below will create a plot of that solution along a line defined by the x and y locations of the two end points. My example is for a solution on a unit square and I want a plot along the line (0,.5) to (1,.5). I want to include 25 points in the plot. As you can see, the real work is being done by the
TriScatteredInterp function from core MATLAB.
plotAlongLine(p, u, [0,.5], [1,.5], 25);
function plotAlongLine(p, u, xy1, xy2, numpts)
x = linspace(xy1(1),xy2(1),numpts);
y = linspace(xy1(2),xy2(2),numpts);
F = TriScatteredInterp(p(1,:)', p(2,:)', u);
uxy = F(x,y);
figure; plot(x, uxy); //REM: x is chosen here as a curvilinear coordinate
I'd like to further remark that the previous function allows one to plot the solution
u or its functions
u is defined on mesh nodes (as typically happens for FEM approximated solutions).
If one needs to plot sections of functions defined on mesh centers (e.g. functions of
grad u), she may use in advance the function
pdeprtni which produces node-valued-functions out of center-valued-functions.


text:
Safety and incident management
Safety is our top priority. All of our diving is conducted in accordance with BSAC safe diving guidelines. You can find out more here.
All our diving and other water based activities are supported by comprehensive risk assessments.
Risk Assessment is nothing more than a structured method to the identification of significant hazards associated with diving, diver training activities and gas filling operations. Risk assessment addresses these activities so that they can be performed more safely. Risk assessment is a common sense approach process and consists of five simple steps that:
- identifies significant hazards
- who or what is likely to be affected
- the risks associated
- the measures taken to control the risks
- recording what has been done
Risk assessment is in fact already inherent in the way in which BSAC Branches and individual divers go about organising their training and diving. For example, dive planning and management includes many activities that are designed to assess and control risk. A risk assessment is simply a structured way in which to address these activities so that they are performed most efficiently and safely.
Guidance from BSAC can be found here:
The following are our generic risk assessments for Totnes BSAC's regular activities.
- Open Water diving
- Swimming pool
- Nitrox blending
- Lifeboat rescue
- Golf ball diving
- Raft race
If you thinking about planning an activity with the club that you think may be hazardous, please contact the diving officer to make sure risks are considered and a risk assessment is in place if necessary.


text:
The disease course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is often altered by existing or newly acquired coinfections. Treatment or prevention of these concomitant infections often improves the quality and duration of life of HIV-infected persons. The impact of helminth infections on infections with HIV is less clear. However, HIV is frequently most problematic in areas where helminth infections are common. In advance of the widespread distribution of drugs for elimination of lymphatic filariasis, we assessed the prevalence of active Wuchereria bancrofti infection among HIV-positive patients in Chennai, India at two time points separated by four years. We found that the overall prevalence of W. bancrofti infections among HIV-positive persons was 5-9.5%, and there were no quantitative differences in circulating filarial antigen levels between HIV-positive and HIV-negative filarial-infected patients.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Infectious Diseases


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
delicacy (plural delicacies)
- The quality of being delicate.
- Something appealing, usually a pleasing food, especially a choice dish of a certain culture suggesting rarity and refinement -a Chinese delicacy
- Fineness or elegance of construction or appearance.
- Frailty of health or fitness.
- Refinement in taste or discrimination.
- Tact and propriety; the need for such tact.
quality of being delicate
something appealing, especially a pleasing food
elegance of construction or appearance


Notifiable Disease Charts
From Public Health Agency of Canada
Diseases by year, Moving Line Chart, _PHONE_
Displays a moving line chart where a single or multiple notifiable diseases (up to 6) may be selected. The chart can be a static display for all years (from 1924 up to 2014) or an animated moving line(s) displaying the selected disease(s) in 10 year blocks. The chart can represent either the number or rate of reported cases. The source data table, limitations of the data and descriptions for the selected notifiable disease(s) are also provided.
Disease by grouping - Pie chart
Displays a pie chart with the relative contribution of each disease to all cases reported for the selected disease group. The chart is displayed by year (from 1991 up to 2014) and can be further broken down by age group and sex. The source data table, limitations of the data and descriptions for each notifiable disease in a selected group are also provided.
Disease by year - Static Line Chart
Displays a static line chart where multiple notifiable diseases (up to 6) may be selected within any selected year range (from 1991 up to 2014) and by selecting either the number or rate of reported cases. The chart can be further broken down by age group and sex. The source data table, limitations of the data and descriptions for each notifiable disease(s) are also provided.
Single disease, age and sex distribution by year - Stacked Bar Chart
Displays a stacked bar chart showing either the number or rate of reported cases of a single disease in any selected year (from 1991 up to 2014). Each bar represents a specific age group and is stacked to show sex breakdown within the age group. The source data table, limitations of the data and description of the selected notifiable disease are also provided.
Multiple disease age distribution by year - Bar Chart
Displays a bar chart showing either the number or rate of reported cases for a single disease or multiple diseases (up to 6) for any selected year (from 1991 up to 2014) and is displayed by age group. The source data table, limitations of the data and descriptions of the selected notifiable disease(s) are also provided.
Date modified:


text:
From a total population of 88,975, Westminster has a median age of 40. The average age of males, in Westminster, is 39.1 while the average age of females is 40.6. When you compare this to median age of California, Westminster is 4.4 years older.
The median income of individuals, in Westminster, is $22,821 while the average household income is $53,660. When comparing the median income of people living in Westminster to the rest of California, the average income in Westminster is $7,085 less.


Across Canada
Asset protection associate
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Position Summary...
To create and maintain a secure and effective work environment for all customers, associates, visitors and vendors while demonstrating positive and professional behavior at all times. Increase profitability and mitigate shrink caused by financial and Physical loss.
What you'll do...
1. Ensure store security by making daily patrols of the facility, validating doors and showcases are secure and functioning properly.
2. Make external arrests when necessary.
3. Investigate instances of financial and physical shrink and communicate findings to Store Leadership and in cases of an internal case matter communication to the Market Loss Prevention Manager first.
4. Support store evacuation procedures in case of fire or other emergency.
5. Participate in store task team responsibilities as required.
6. Conduct/Support investigations as assigned including, but not limited to, instances of internal theft and/or dishonesty, matters relating to external organized retail crime, and cases as assigned through Walmart Canada Global Ethics, in a timely and thorough manner and in accordance with Walmart Canada policies.
7. Required to communicate information from different sources and effectively clarify issues for others, often presenting different perspectives.
8. Other responsibilities may be added to this position as the needs and requirements of the Company increase.
Minimum Qualifications...
Age - 16 or older License - Security Guard License
Preferred Qualifications...
Primary Location…
How to Apply


RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES, VOL. 21, ES2004, doi:10.2205/2021ES000761, 2021
Ice thickening caused by freezing of tidal jet
A. V. Marchenko1,2,3, E. G. Morozov4, A. V. Ivanov5, T. G. Elizarova5, D. I. Frey4
1Svalbard University Center, Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen, Norway
2Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Moscow, Russia
3Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology (SAMCoT)), Centre for Research-Based Innovation (CRI), Trondheim, Norway
4Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia
5Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
We observed freezing of strong tidal jet of ice-free water as it flows under the ice in Lake Vallunden in the Van Mijen Fjord, Spitsbergen. The size of Lake Vallunden is approximately 1.2 km by 650 m, and its depth is 10 m. It is connected to the Van Mijen Fjord by a channel 100 long and 10 m wide. Due to strong tides, periodical tidal current in the channel exceeds 1 m/s. In winter, water temperature in the channel is close to freezing. It strongly cools while propagating along the ice-free channel. The jet of high velocity from the channel continues into the lake and its velocity decreases in the lake. As the strong current diverges and slows down in the lake, the water freezes in close vicinity of the channel. Ice thickness was measured over the entire lake. Intense freezing occurs approximately at a distance of 100 m from the channel where the velocity of the tidal jet decreases. The ice thickness in this region reaches 120 cm, whereas in the entire lake it is 70 cm. A mathematical model is suggested showing the velocity field of diverging and circulating tidal flow in the lake. The model for numerical simulation is based on a system of shallow water equations together with the transport equation.
1. Introduction
Fig 1
Figure 1
Lake Vallunden is a lake in Spitsbergen approximately 1200 m long, its width is 600–650 m. The mean depth of the lake is 10–11 m. The lake is located near the shallow summit of the fjord at a distance of 55 km from the open ocean. The lake is connected to the Van Mijen Fjord by a channel 100 long and 10 m wide [Marchenko et al., 2013]. Strong tidal currents develop in this channel because the sea level in the fjord changes with the tidal periods. The amplitude of sea surface height in the fjord is approximately $\pm 1$ m. Due to strong tides, periodical tidal current in the channel exceeds 1 m/s. The lake and the fjord are covered with ice in winter, but the channel usually remains ice-free even in very cold winters because of the strong tidal flow in the channel. In winter, water temperature in the ice-free channel is close to freezing. Water strongly cools while propagating along the channel. The jet of high velocity from the channel continues into the lake and its velocity decreases in the lake approximately over a distance of 100 m. Field works were performed in the shallow area located in the end of the Van Mijen Fjord [Marchenko and Morozov, 2013, 2016a]. A chart of the region is shown in Figure 1. We study the continuation of the strong flow from the channel between the Van Mijen Fjord and Lake Vallunden near the Svea settlement (77° 53' N, 16° 46' E). In our previous studies [Marchenko and Morozov, 2013; Morozov et al., 2019] we observed a strong tidal flow in the channel connecting the Van Mijen Fjord and Lake Vallunden (and in Lake Vallunden). This tidal flow generates short period internal waves [Marchenko and Morozov, 2016b; Morozov and Pisarev, 2002; Morozov et al., 2019].
The goal of our research is to investigate the influence of very cold-water current on sea ice, which can cause changes in the ice thickness. The strong tidal currents in the channel continue into the lake preventing ice freezing along a narrow strip during relatively warm weather.
2. Experiment
Fig 2
Figure 2
Field works were performed in 2019 in Lake Vallunden (Spitsbergen) near the channel connecting the lake with the fjord. A narrow ($\sim $1–2 m wide) strip of water in the continuation of the flow from the strip does not freeze (Figure 2). We found an interesting phenomenon: ice thickness at the end of the ice-free strip appeared notably greater than in the lake. The mean ice thickness in the lake was approximately 70 cm.
Fig 3
Figure 3
To make a detailed map of the ice thickness near the channel in the northern part of the lake we performed a survey of ice thickness by drilling holes in the ice and measuring ice thickness with a graduated rod. The survey showed that the characteristic size of the region, in which thicker ice was found, is $\sim 100$ m. The region of thicker ice is located immediately near the end of the non-freezing tidal stream and around it. The maximum ice thickness in this region reaches 120 cm. At the border of this region, a significant gradient of ice thickness was found. Ice thickness sharply decreases over several meters to 80–90 cm and then gradually decreases to 70 cm, which is typical for the ice thickness throughout the lake (Figure 3).
We interpret this phenomenon as follows. When water flows into the lake along the non-freezing channel, the water temperature drops almost to the freezing point, and ice crystals and larger slash formations appear at the surface of the stream. This near-freezing water flows under the ice and ice crystals and slash join the ice sheet in the lake.
Strongly varying ice thickness near the strip was revealed by drilling measurements [Morozov et al., 2019]. Ice thickness near the ice-free strip sharply increased from 25 cm at the ice edge to 40–50 cm at about 1 m from the ice edge. At a distance of 5–8 m from the ice edge, the ice was as thick as 60 cm. In the continuation of the narrow strip, the ice thickness was almost 120 cm and then the thickness gradually decreased to about 70 cm in the entire lake. We explain the growth of ice thickness by the transport of small ice pieces and freezing water under the ice cover by the strong current and their accumulation under ice where the current speed decreases [Morozov et al., 2019].
3. Model
A system of regularized shallow water equations (RSWE) described in [Bulatov and Elizarova, 2011] has been used for numerical simulation of hydrodynamic processes in Lake Vallunden:
\begin{equation} \tag*{(1)} \frac{\partial h}{\partial t} + {\mathrm{div}} {\vec{j}}_m = 0, \end{equation} \begin{eqnarray*} \frac{\partial h\vec{u}}{\partial t} + {\mathrm{div}} \left( {\vec{j}}_m \otimes \ \vec{u}\right) + \vec{\nabla } \frac{gh^2}{2} = \end{eqnarray*}
\begin{equation} \tag*{(2)} h^* \left( \vec{f} - g\vec{\nabla} b \right) + {\mathrm{div}} \Pi , \end{equation}
\begin{equation} \tag*{(3)} h^* = h - \tau {\mathrm{div}} \left( h\vec{u} \right), \end{equation}
\begin{equation} \tag*{(4)} {\vec{j}}_m = h\left( \vec{u} - \vec{w} \right), \end{equation}
\begin{equation} \tag*{(5)} \vec{w} = \frac{\tau}{h} \left[ {\mathrm{div}} \left( h\vec{u} \otimes \vec{u} \right) + gh \vec{\nabla} \left(b + h \right) - h \vec{f} \right], \end{equation} \begin{eqnarray*} \Pi = \Pi_{\mathrm{NS}} + \tau \vec{u} \otimes \left[ h\left( \vec{u} \cdot \vec{\nabla} \right) \vec{u} + \right. \end{eqnarray*}
\begin{equation} \tag*{(6)} \left. gh\vec{\nabla} \left( b + h\right) - h\vec{f} \right] + \tau I\left[ gh\, {\mathrm{div}} \left( h\vec{u} \right) \right], \end{equation}
Fig 4