text:
The best of EcoWatch, right in your inbox. Sign up for our email newsletter!
Pipeline Protesters Could Face up to 20 Years in Prison Under New Trump Proposal
By Jake Johnson
Building on efforts by multiple states to crack down on those fighting the construction of climate-destroying fossil fuel infrastructure, the Trump administration unveiled a proposal on Monday that would criminalize pipeline protests at the federal level and hit demonstrators with up to 20 years in prison.
The new proposal, released by Transportation Department's Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, was immediately denounced by environmentalists as a serious threat to the First Amendment.
"This dangerous proposal threatens to undermine Americans' right to peaceful assembly and free speech," Kelly Martin, director of the Sierra Club's Beyond Dirty Fossil Fuels campaign, said in a statement. "It is a blatant attempt to intimidate those who would exercise their First Amendment rights to speak out against pipeline projects that put our clean water, communities, and climate at risk."
"Rather than focusing on shielding corporate polluters from public protest," Martin said, "the administration should be working to ensure that communities are protected from dirty, dangerous fossil fuel projects."
As Politico reported Monday, the Transportation Department's proposal would "treat some pipeline protests as a federal crime, mirroring state legislative efforts that have spread in the wake of high-profile demonstrations around the country."
The Trump administration, according to Politico, is "calling for Congress to expand a law that threatens fines and up to 20 years' prison time for 'damaging or destroying' pipelines currently in operation. The expanded version would add 'vandalism, tampering with, or impeding, disrupting, or inhibiting the operation of' either existing pipelines or those 'under construction.'"
Elly Page, attorney for International Center for Not-For-Profit Law — an organization that has tracked anti-protest efforts by individual states — told Politico that the Trump administration's "proposed penalty is far and away more extreme than what we've seen at the state level." "When you combine provisions that vague to penalties that extreme," Page said, "that creates uncertainty about what is and isn't legal." House Democrats signaled that they would oppose the measure, which comes just two weeks after the Texas state Senate passed a bill that would hit pipeline protesters with up to 10 years in prison. A spokesperson for House Energy and Commerce chairman Frank Pallone (D-N.J.) told Politico that the congressman "has no intention of allowing a pipeline safety bill to be used as a vehicle for stifling legitimate dissent and protest." On Twitter, the Natural Resources Defense Council warned that as "we grapple with the mounting climate catastrophe, the fossil fuel industry is holding nothing back in its attempt to silence its critics and those who assemble to protest their destruction of our shared climate."
Reposted with permission from our media associate Common Dreams.
EcoWatch Daily Newsletter
By Richard Connor
Scientists have recorded Antarctica's first documented heat wave, warning that animal and plant life on the isolated continent could be drastically affected by climate change.
A case that has bounced around the lower courts for 13 years was finally settled yesterday when the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a lower court decision, finding oil giant Citgo liable for a clean up of a 2004 oil spill in the Delaware River, according to Reuters.
The evidence continues to build that breathing dirty air is bad for your brain.
By Paul Brown
The amount of energy generated by tides and waves in the last decade has increased tenfold. Now governments around the world are planning to scale up these ventures to tap into the oceans' vast store of blue energy.
When the novel coronavirus started to sweep across the country, the National Park Service started to waive entrance fees. The idea was that as we started to practice social distancing, Americans should have unfettered access to the outdoors. Then the parking lots and the visitor centers started to fill up, worrying park employees.


text:
Recycled vs Fresh Fiber
NCASI assesses the environmental aspects of recycled and virgin fibers from their source through manufacture, and use. There are a multitude of considerations that manufacturers make when deciding the amounts of recycled and fresh fiber for their products such as performance, market demand, manufacturing capabilities and resource availability. NCASI has extensive expertise in helping our Member Companies better understand the environmental footprints of each type of fiber throughout the production value chain. This information is useful in both optimizing manufacturing performance and meeting customer requests for information.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The NIM Vital™ nerve monitoring system is intended for locating and monitoring, including stimulation, of cranial, spinal, peripheral motor, and mixed motor-sensory nerves and registering EMG responses during surgery.
The NIM Vital™ system may be used for EMG monitoring in support of surgical procedures including: intracranial, extracranial, intratemporal, extratemporal, and surgeries associated with the neck, spine, thorax, and upper and lower extremities.
The NIM Vital™ system is an intraoperative EMG monitor that enables users to locate and confirm the integrity of nerves during surgical procedures.
The system stimulates nerves (propagates an action potential) through a variety of stimulation probes that causes the muscle associated with the nerve to contract. The system then picks up these electric signals from the muscles through a variety of electrodes and converts this information into meaningful graphs and sounds that the system displays on the monitor.
The system also continuously monitors EMG activity from the muscles innervated by the nerve at risk.
The NIM Vital™ system is contraindicated for use with paralyzing anesthetic agents that will significantly reduce, if not completely eliminate, EMG responses to direct or passive nerve stimulation.
It is important that the NIM Vital™ system intended operators be familiar with the NIM Vital™ Instructions for Use: its warnings, precautions, procedures, and safety issues. Disregarding the information on safety is considered abnormal use.
W1 The NIM Vital™ system does not prevent the surgical severing of nerves. If monitoring is compromised, the surgical practitioner must rely on alternate methods, or surgical skills, experience, and anatomical knowledge to prevent damage to nerves.
W2 If paralyzing anesthetic agents have been used, patient must regain muscle activity prior to use of the NIM Vital™ EMG Monitor.
 1. To limit the paralytic effect of anesthetic agents, the anesthesiologist should monitor Train-of-Four (TOF) to prevent diminished EMG activity. Consult anesthesiologist if EMG changes are observed.
W3 Surgical identification of exposed nerves is key to their preservation. Failure to use Medtronic's nerve stimulation probe may contribute to unintended surgical nerve damage or resection.
 1. The user is responsible for ensuring the electrodes are placed or inserted into the target muscles. The electrode check or tap test only indicates that the electrodes are making contact with the patient's tissue and does not indicate that the needle is inserted into the correct muscle.
W4 To avoid the risk of fire or explosion, do not use the Medtronic NIM Vital™ system in the presence of flammable anesthetics and/or oxygen-rich environment.
W5 After each procedure, properly clean and disinfect all reusable system components.
W6 To avoid alternate site patient burns or lesions when patient interface is connected to the NIM Vital™ console through the patient interface cord:
 1. Do not activate the electrosurgical instruments (ESU) while stimulator is in contact with tissue.
 2. Do not leave dissection instruments, stimulating electrodes, or probes in surgical field.
 3. Do not store dissection instruments, stimulating electrodes, or probes in electrosurgical instrument holder.
 4. Do not allow a second surgeon (for example, fat harvesting) to use electrosurgical instruments while stimulator is in use.
 5. Do not activate electrosurgical instrument for prolonged periods while ESU is not in contact with tissue.
 6. Do not activate electrosurgical instrument near the recording or stimulating electrodes.
 7. Do not allow patient interfaces or recording/stimulating electrode sites to be flooded with saline.
 8. Do not allow excessive stray AC or DC leakage currents from patient connected to equipment. Avoid creating an unintended grounding path through applied electrodes. Practitioner is responsible for proper use, periodic safety certification of patient connected equipment, and AC power grounding in accordance to the appropriate IEC 60601-1 and/or IEC 60601-1-1 medical safety standard.
W7 Disconnect power to the console before cleaning the unit to avoid electrical macro shock.
W8 Achieve electrical grounding reliability with proper connections. Connect the console to hospital grade receptacles only.
W9 Do not use any parts:
 1. other than Medtronic components as damage or substandard performance could result.
 2. that are damaged components or accessories.
W10 This medical device complies with IEC/EN60601-1-2 safety standard for electromagnetic compatibility, requirements and test. However, if this equipment is operated in the presence of high levels of electromagnetic interference (EMI) or highly sensitive equipment, interference may be encountered and the user should take whatever steps are necessary to eliminate or reduce the source of the interference. Diminished performance may lengthen operating time for anesthetized patient.
W11 It is important that the NIM Vital operator be familiar with this manual, its precautions, procedures and safety issues.
W12 To avoid electrical shock, do not attach unapproved components or accessories to the Medtronic NIM Vital™ system.
W13 All service must be performed by Medtronic qualified personnel only, unless otherwise noted.
W14 Do not directly contact active, implanted devices with the stimulator as it may disrupt the implanted device's operation. Consult medical specialist before use.
W15 Electrocardiogram monitoring artifacts may be caused by Medtronic NIM™ stimulus current delivery or EMG electrode impedance monitoring.
W16 Use of unapproved stimulators, stimulus probes, stimulus dissection instruments or electrodes may result in compromised Medtronic NIM™ operation, such as, but not limited to decreased accuracy.
W17 Repair and/or modification to the Medtronic NIM™ system or any accessory by anyone other than qualified service personnel may significantly compromise the unit's ability to monitor nerve activity and/or void the equipment warranty.
W18 To avoid the risk of infection, the user must maintain good sterility practices.
False negative responses, failure to identify nerve, a condition where probe is on nerve but you do not get an EMG tone may result from:
 1. Shorted EMG electrode or cabling (conductive parts of applied needle electrodes or cables contacting each other).
 2. Patient Interface fuse blown and not detected (32 mA, 250 V. Xomed Part No.: _PHONE_).
 3. Patient Interface defective.
 4. Inadequate stimulus current.
 5. Inadequate current for stimulation of nerve through hardware, such as stimulus dissection instruments, may vary based on the physical size, shape characteristics, and design of the hardware and proximity to the nerve.
 6. Simultaneous stimulation of the nerve and the surrounding tissue, resulting in current shunting (inadequate delivery of stimulus current to target nerve tissue).
 7. Flatline on the EMG channel caused by shorted internal amplifier (characterized by baseline activity of < 3 μV peak-to-peak).
 8. EMG electrodes not positioned properly in the target muscles.
W20 Stimulator current may cause involuntary patient movement resulting in patient injury.
W21 If the incrementing probe handle malfunctions, it could result in increased current delivery to the patient. Immediately disconnect the Control Plug from the Patient Interfacebox and use the console to adjust stimulus current.
W22 Be careful not to damage vascular or neural structures when preparing the nerve for the installation of the continuous monitoring electrodes.
W23 Electrode integrity should be checked after electrode insertion and before electrode removal to give additional assurance that electrode continuity was maintained throughout the entire procedure. If the system indicates improper electrode impedance, consult the "Troubleshooting" topic for impedance value troubleshooting.
W24 Remove continuous monitoring electrode from patient prior to using external defibrillator to prevent thermal injury to patient at continuous monitoring electrode site.
W25 Operation in close proximity to high frequency (shortwave or microwave) equipment may produce instability in the electrical stimulator output.
W26 Safe stimulus levels are dependent on various conditions including but not limited to: type of excitable tissue, Charge Per Pulse, and Charge Per Unit Area. Waveform morphology, repetition rate, and stimulator effective surface area must be considered. Special operator (Neurophysiologist) attention is required for stimulus levels which exceed default settings or conditions. Levels higher than 2 mA RMS/cm2 (3 mA) for Slim Prass Probe and Prass Bipolar Probe may result in tissue damage.
W27 Do not perform Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on a patient with electrodes, probes, and EMG tubes in the field. The effect of MRI is unknown on these devices.
W28 Loud extraneous monitoring noise may be caused by activation of electrosurgical unit. Muting Detector, if necessary, must be properly attached to the active electrosurgical lead.
W29 User is responsible for at minimum annual functional and safety checks.
W30 Avoid trans-thoracic stimulation; when possible, maintain anode and cathode stimulating sites in close proximity.
W31 Do not use if sterile package has been opened or is damaged.
P1 Medical Electrical Equipment needs special precautions regarding electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and needs to be installed and put into service according to the EMC information provided in this Guide.
P2 Portable and mobile RF including cell phones and communications equipment can affect Medical Electrical Equipment.
P3 Use of accessories and cables other than those specified and sold by Medtronic may result in increased emissions and decreased immunity of this unit.
P4 The NIM Vital™ system should not be used adjacent to or stacked with other equipment. If adjacent or stacked use is necessary, the NIM™ Vital system should be observed to verify normal operation in the


]=\sum\hackscore{k} \var{a} \left[i,k,k,j\right]
771 \end{equation}
772 \end{funcdesc}
773
774 \begin{funcdesc}{transpose}{a\optional{, axis_offset=None}}
775 returns the transpose of \var{a}. This swaps the first \var{axis_offset} components of \var{a} with the rest. If \var{axis_offset} is not
776 present \code{int(r/2)} is used where \var{r} is the rank of \var{a}.
777 the sum over components \var{axis_offset} and \var{axis_offset+1} with the same index. For instance in the
778 case of a \RankTwo function and this is
779 \begin{equation}
780 \code{transpose(a)}\left[i,j\right]=\var{a} \left[j,i\right]
781 \end{equation}
782 and for a \RankFour function and \code{axis_offset=1} this is
783 \begin{equation}
784 \code{transpose(a,1)}\left[i,j,k,l\right]=\var{a} \left[j,k,l,i\right]
785 \end{equation}
786 \end{funcdesc}
787
788 \begin{funcdesc}{swap_axes}{a\optional{, axis0=0 \optional{, axis1=1 }}}
789 returns \var{a} but with swapped componets \var{axis0} and \var{axis1}. The argument \var{a} must be
790 at least of \RankTwo. For instance in the
791 for a \RankFour argument, \code{axis0=1} and \code{axis1=2} this is
792 \begin{equation}
793 \code{swap_axes(a,1,2)}\left[i,j,k,l\right]=\var{a} \left[i,k,j,l\right]
794 \end{equation}
795 \end{funcdesc}
796
797 \begin{funcdesc}{symmetric}{a}
798 returns the symmetric part of \var{a}. This is \code{(a+transpose(a))/2}.
799 \end{funcdesc}
800 \begin{funcdesc}{nonsymmetric}{a}
801 returns the non--symmetric part of \var{a}. This is \code{(a-transpose(a))/2}.
802 \end{funcdesc}
803 \begin{funcdesc}{inverse}{a}
804 return the inverse of \var{a}. This is
805 \begin{equation}
806 \code{matrix_mult(inverse(a),a)=kronecker(d)}
807 \end{equation}
808 if \var{a} has shape \code{(d,d)}. The current implementation is restricted to arguments of shape
809 \code{(2,2)} and \code{(3,3)}.
810 \end{funcdesc}
811 \begin{funcdesc}{eigenvalues}{a}
812 return the eigenvalues of \var{a}. This is
813 \begin{equation}
814 \code{matrix_mult(a,V)=e[i]*V}
815 \end{equation}
816 where \code{e=eigenvalues(a)} and \var{V} is suitable non--zero vector \var{V}.
817 The eigenvalues are ordered in increasing size.
818 The argument \var{a} has to be the symmetric, ie. \code{a=symmetric(a)}.
819 The current implementation is restricted to arguments of shape
820 \code{(2,2)} and \code{(3,3)}.
821 \end{funcdesc}
822 \begin{funcdesc}{eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors}{a}
823 return the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of \var{a}. This is
824 \begin{equation}
825 \code{matrix_mult(a,V[:,i])=e[i]*V[:,i]}
826 \end{equation}
827 where \code{e,V=eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors(a)}. The eigenvectors \var{V} are orthogonal and normalized, ie.
828 \begin{equation}
829 \code{matrix_mult(transpose(V),V)=kronecker(d)}
830 \end{equation}
831 if \var{a} has shape \code{(d,d)}. The eigenvalues are ordered in increasing size.
832 The argument \var{a} has to be the symmetric, ie. \code{a=symmetric(a)}.
833 The current implementation is restricted to arguments of shape
834 \code{(2,2)} and \code{(3,3)}.
835 \end{funcdesc}
836 \begin{funcdesc}{maximum}{*a}
837 returns the maximum value over all arguments at all \DataSamplePoints and for each component.
838 For instance
839 \begin{equation}
840 \code{maximum(a0,a1)}\left[i,j\right]=max(\var{a0} \left[i,j\right],\var{a1} \left[i,j\right])
841 \end{equation}
842 at all \DataSamplePoints.
843 \end{funcdesc}
844 \begin{funcdesc}{minimum}{*a}
845 returns the minimum value over all arguments at all \DataSamplePoints and for each component.
846 For instance
847 \begin{equation}
848 \code{minimum(a0,a1)}\left[i,j\right]=min(\var{a0} \left[i,j\right],\var{a1} \left[i,j\right])
849 \end{equation}
850 at all \DataSamplePoints.
851 \end{funcdesc}
852
853 \begin{funcdesc}{clip}{a\optional{, minval=0.}\optional{, maxval=1.}}
854 cuts back \var{a} into the range between \var{minval} and \var{maxval}. A value in the returned object equals
855 \var{minval} if the corresponding value of \var{a} is less than \var{minval}, equals \var{maxval} if the
856 corresponding value of \var{a} is greater than \var{maxval}
857 or corresponding value of \var{a} otherwise.
858 \end{funcdesc}
859 \begin{funcdesc}{inner}{a0,a1}
860 returns the inner product of \var{a0} and \var{a1}. For instance in the
861 case of \RankTwo arguments and this is
862 \begin{equation}
863 \code{inner(a)}=\sum\hackscore{ij}\var{a0} \left[j,i\right] \cdot \var{a1} \left[j,i\right]
864 \end{equation}
865 and for a \RankFour arguments this is
866 \begin{equation}
867 \code{inner(a)}=\sum\hackscore{ijkl}\var{a0} \left[i,j,k,l\right] \cdot \var{a1} \left[j,i,k,l\right]
868 \end{equation}
869 \end{funcdesc}
870
871 \begin{funcdesc}{matrix_mult}{a0,a1}
872 returns the matrix product of \var{a0} and \var{a1}. If \var{a1} is \RankOne this is
873 \begin{equation}
874 \code{matrix_mult(a)}\left[i\right]=\sum\hackscore{k}\var{a0} \cdot \left[i,k\right]\var{a1} \left[k\right


text:
Substrate pretreatment is a cost-sensitive operation in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials. The general purpose of this work is to optimize substrate pretreatment by selectively solubilizing the hemicellulose fraction to render a cellulose-enriched fraction for further fermentation or enzyme hydrolysis. Hemicellulose hydrolyzate, usually a waste stream, is proposed to be fermented by the pentose-utilizing yeast Pichia stipitis. Sugar beet pulp (SBP) was chosen as a substrate due to its low lignin content which makes substrate pretreatment simpler and less expensive. Hemicellulose utilization is very important in the case of SBP, whose hemicellulose content is as high as 50%. Conditions for SBP pretreatment by acid hydrolysis were optimized, SBP and acid (HCl and H2SO4) concentrations, agitation, temperature and particle size were analyzed as key variables. Experiments were planned according to a factorial design, the objective function to be optimized being the percentage ratio of hydrolyzed hemicellulose to hydrolyzed cellulose. SBP concentration was always more than 50 g/l to obtain a high sugar concentration in the hydrolyzate. The best conditions for SBP pretreatment were: 55 g/l of 32-50 mesh SBP, 1·1 g H2SO4/g SBP, 90 min at 80°C and 400 rpm. Under such conditions, 86·3% and 7·8% of cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis, respectively, were obtained.
- sugar beet pulp

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


IC RecorderICD-SX733/SX734/SX1000
Recording a few seconds in advance – the pre-recording function
The pre-recording function allows you to record sound sources for approximately 5 seconds prior to the point when you press souni_recREC/PAUSE. This is useful for recording during interviews or when making an open-air recording so that you will not miss an opportunity to start recording.
A: Sounds for 5 seconds are buffered in the memory.
B: Press souni_recREC/PAUSE to enter the recording standby mode.
C: Press souni_recREC/PAUSE.
D: Recording starts.
 1. In the stop mode, select MENU - the tab - "PRE REC," and then press .
 The menu items will be different depending on the model you are using.
 2. Press or to select "ON," and then press .
 PRE REC" is set to "OFF" when you purchase the IC recorder.
 3. Press souni_stopSTOP to exit the menu mode.
 4. Select a folder.
 5. Press and hold souni_recREC/PAUSE.
 The IC recorder enters the recording standby mode.
 Pre-recording starts and sounds for a maximum of the last 5 seconds are buffered in the memory. ( shows how long the sound is buffered in the memory.)
 6. To start recording, press souni_recREC/PAUSE.
 The standby for recording mode is released, and recording continues from the sound buffered in step 5.
 7. To stop recording, press souni_stopSTOP.
Note
 - If you start recording with pre-recording function using the built-in microphones, a click noise may be recorded when you press souni_recREC/PAUSE. To record with pre-recording function, we recommend using an external microphone.
 - When the remaining recordable time is less than 10 seconds, the pre-recording function is disabled. Before using the pre-recording function, erase unwanted files.
 - When 60 minutes have passed after the IC recorder entered the standby mode in step 5, the standby mode will be canceled and recording stops.
 - If you stop recording before step 6, sounds buffered in the memory will not be saved.
Hint
 - To cancel the pre-recording function, set "PRE REC" to "OFF" in step 2.


text:
About Musee National de Prehistoire
Musee National de Prehistoire or the National Prehistoric Museum in Les Eyzies, France, displays an impressive collection of 18,000 prehistoric artefacts, mostly excavated from the Vézère Valley.
Through displays, original pieces and timelines, Musee National de Prehistoire offers an overview of the prehistoric past of this region of France and is a good introduction to the period prior to visiting archaeological sites in the area.
Foreign tourists should note that the exhibitions are mostly in French. Anybody wishing to have a tour in English should call in advance.
Grotte des Combarelles is a cave in southwest France with prehistoric paintings.
Just as empires rise and fall so do entry fees and opening hours! While we work as hard as we can to ensure the information provided here about Musee National de Prehistoire is as accurate as possible, the changing nature of certain elements mean we can't absolutely guarantee that these details won't become a thing of the past. If you know of any information on this page that needs updating you can add a comment above or e-mail us.


text:
Frozen Art: Wall of Ice
Most works of art long outlive their makers. But some artists like to watch their masterpieces melt away. They give new meaning to the term "cool art."
An ice wall in the desert? It sounds impossible. But that's not a word Dale Chihuly likes to hear. The American artist got the idea to build a wall of massive ice cubes as part of his Jerusalem 2000 project. Since water is scarce in Jerusalem, Chihuly imported his own huge ice bricks, cut from a frozen lake in Alaska. Then, the artist and his team stacked the cubes together to make a wall, aglow with colored lights, in the shadow of the ancient city gate. Though the ice thawed quickly in the hot desert sun, its melting was all part of the plan. As the wall melted, big barrels collected the water, which was then used to irrigate a nearby hillside.
You're walking down the street, minding your own business, when you see a snowball. No big deal, right? Except the snowball is as tall as you are. And weighs about a ton. Did we mention that it's June?
That's the experience thousands of stunned Londoners had when they crossed paths with "Snowballs in Summer," the brainchild of artist Andy Goldsworthy. Goldsworthy makes sculpture from all sorts of things he finds outside—leaves, earth, and rocks, as well as ice and snow. He wanted to find out how busy city people would react to an unexpected snowball melting in their midst.
During the winter of 1999, he rolled 13 giant snowballs near his home in Scotland. He filled each one with a surprise in the center—such as pebbles, berries, feathers, or sheep's wool—which would emerge as the snow melted. The finished snowballs were stored in a deep freeze until summer, then transported to London in refrigerated trucks. At midnight on June 21, 2000, while the city slept, Goldsworthy and his co-conspirators rolled their snowballs into place.
People walking to work or school must have thought the sky was falling when they stumbled across snowballs the size of baby elephants. Some of them had never even seen snow in real life, and they couldn't resist poking the snowballs or even breaking off a chunk. As the snow started to melt, things got even more interesting. The perfectly round snowballs took on different shapes as the stuff inside began to poke through. Two days later, most of Goldsworthy's snowballs were gone, and their fillings scattered. But Londoners were left with a really good story about that odd summer day when the snowballs came.
- To supply with water by means of a system of ditches, pipes, and canals.
- Not enough to meet a demand.
- What caused this sculpture to change from one state of matter to another?
[anno: The heat from the desert caused the ice sculpture to change from one state of matter to another.]
- Could this sculpture change back to its solid state? How? Would it look the same or different? Write a few sentences to explain your answer.
[anno: The sculpture could change back to its solid state if it were cooled enough. It would not look the same as it did, unless the liquid were poured back into the giant ice cube mold.]

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Project: Measure for Measure
Project 1 – part 1
- Design Process – "Measure for Measure": Create a written design concept, scene breakdown, and two basic design renderings.
Project 1 – part 2
- Drafting your projection design for Measure for Measure: Draft a complete projection plot, projection section, and system diagram. This project illustrates the student's understanding of VectorWorks and the technical requirements for a successfully implemented projection design.
Project: Mission to Mars
- Integration – "Three Penny Opera" or Digital Experience/ Themed Entertainment: Create original content for your design. The created content is to be played back through the use of projection playback software (Qlab) and projected inside a scale model onto surfaces you specify. You will need to make judicious use of miniature projectors to realize your design. This project illustrates the student's understanding of the entire project design process from research to design and then to implementation.


text:
Waterwise Verge Makeover PT 1
Title: Waterwise Verge Makeover PT 1
Broadcast: Sunday January 8th 2017
Presenter: Darren Seinor
Today The Garden Gurus are on a mission to transform Perth's verges one garden at a time. This week Darren and the team are here to clear out the drying lawn on our winner's verge, and plant up a beautiful wild flower garden while adding water wise soil, clay and compost to prep the verge garden.
- Grassed verges can use up to 20,000 liters of water to sustain them during the summer months. Water wise plants are a great alternative to lawn- and they look great too.
- This week's winner of a verge makeover will be receiving an Australian wild flower garden; the plant selection will keep watering minimal while surviving the hot summer months.
- Darren uses the Kanga to clear out the verge. The goal is to remove the turf and reduce the soil level by at least 100mm to transform the sand to soil by applying soil improver products; the space will then be planted out.
- The team use Seasol Soil Wetter to get water penetrating evenly through the soil and get it biologically active again. This is a highly effective wetting agent, which ensures water drains evenly through the soil and flows down deeply, encouraging roots to follow it.
- Sand is a handy ingredient in creating great soils but on its own it's a problem as it allows water and nutrients to run off the soil. To develop the soil and give this garden the best chance- Darren adds Soil Solver to improve and build the sandy soils. The compost and clay application builds the perfect loam.
The Garden Gurus


text:
Stanley Steamer History: Francis and Freelan Stanley were twin brothers who started out making dry plates for photography, sold out to Eastman Kodak, and then built their first automobile in 1897. They were among the first auto makers in the US and sold their first design to John Walker of the Locomobile Company of America in 1899. The Stanleys opened the Stanley Motor Carriage Company in 1902 and built steam engines and steam driven automobiles until 1924, commonly known as "Stanley Steamers".
The first Stanley Steamers bodies were made of wood that sat on metal frames. The steam came from an upright boiler under the seat, on top of a gasoline or kerosene fired burner. Vertical copper tubes in the boiler transferred the heat from the fire to the water and pressure relief valves prevented blow outs. The drive mechanism amounted to two side by side cylinders and the pistons were pushed in both directions by the steam pressure. The power was transmitted by chain and sprockets from the crankshaft to a differential.
Originally the steam engines were located in the back of the car but later moved to the front and in 1915 condensers were added to increase the driving distance. In 1906 the Stanley Steamer was the fastest car in the world, traveling a mile in 28.2 seconds.
By the late 1910s gasoline engines were cheaper and more efficient than steam and sales fell, despite the Stanley's efforts at claiming that their engine was safer. By 1917 the "writing was on the wall" and the Stanleys sold their company to Prescott Warren, who finally gave up in 1924.
Click on column names to sort listings - Stanley Steamer
Enter keywords (Ex: 1957 chevy door) or use filters to see what we have.


text: At Laser-Laboratorium Gottingen, the performance of UV optical components for high power excimer lasers is characterized, aiming to employ testing procedures that meet industrial conditions, i.e. very high pulse numbers and repetition rates. Measurements include determination of single and multiple pulse damage thresholds, absorption loss and degradation of optical properties under long-term irradiation. Absorption of excimer laser pulses is investigated by a calorimetric technique which provides greatly enhanced sensitivity compared to transmissive measurements. Thus, it allows determining both single and two photon absorption coefficients at intensities of standard excimer lasers. Results of absorption measurements at 248 nm are presented for bare substrates (CaF2, BaF2, z-cut quartz and fused silica). UV calorimetry is also employed to investigate laser induced aging phenomena, e.g. color center formation in fused silica. A separation of transient and cumulative effects as a function of intensity is achieved, giving insight into various loss mechanisms.


text:
Stories about participants in MLMs getting into debt are pretty common. We took a look and found lots of information. We learned how common debt is for MLM participants, why people turn to borrowing, and that it's not a good idea.
In a survey of over one thousand participants, more than 30% reported using credit card debt to pay for multi-level marketing program expenses and inventory. Around 10% used a personal loan, and finally 20% borrowed money from friends or family.
Why is debt so common?
Distributors often join multi-level marketing companies in order to make ends meet, earn extra money, or otherwise earn money. Because people are looking to earn money from MLMs they often look to borrow (with credit cards or loans) to cover up front and operating costs.
There is usually a requirement that distributors purchase or sell an amount of product each month to maintain their rank. This is referred to as the personal volume requirement. Leaders will also have volume requirements for their team. This leads to leaders (uplines) pressuring their team to purchase even more. To make these purchases and meet these requirements people will often use debt and credit cards with the hope they will be able to eventually sell the products. These costs can lead to a spiral of debt.
Some uplines will encourage distributors to purchase extra products on credit because there's no risk. Usually, they are talking about a company's buy back policy. Be sure to read this policy carefully. They are often complicated and strictly enforced. Most companies will not pay back 100% of the cost. Policies will often have time limits and strict product condition requirements. They also may be subject to change.
MLMs commonly encourage participants to purchase excess inventory by using their credit cards or borrowing money. This inventory loading said to be good for the distributor but is really only good for uplines, or it's unsustainable bonus buying. Avoid borrowing to purchase extra inventory or starter kits.


Regulatory Design for RES-E Support Mechanisms: Learning Curves, Market Structure, and Burden-Sharing
Carlos Batlle, Ignacio Perez-Arriaga, and P. Zambrano-Barragán
May 2011
Drawing from relevant experiences in power systems around the world, this paper offers a critical review of existing policy support mechanisms for RES-E (renewable energy sources for electricity), with a detailed analysis of their regulatory implications. While recent studies provide an account of current RES-E support systems, in this paper we focus on the impacts these mechanisms have on the overall energy market structure and its performance in the short and long term. Given the rising importance of RES-E in systems everywhere, these impacts can no longer be overlooked.
For Associates Only


text:
2.11.2 Speech Channel Objects
A Speech Channel object allows you to speak strings with slightly more
control than SpeakString(), and allows you to use multiple
speakers at the same time. Please note that channel pitch and rate are
interrelated in some way, so that to make your Macintosh sing you will
have to adjust both.
- SpeakText (str)
Start uttering the given string.
- Stop ()
- GetPitch ()
Return the current pitch of the channel, as a floating-point number.
- SetPitch (pitch)
Set the pitch of the channel.
- GetRate ()
Get the speech rate (utterances per minute) of the channel as a
floating point number.
- SetRate (rate)
Set the speech rate of the channel.
See About this document... for information on suggesting changes.


text:
Incidence and location of positive nonsentinel lymph nodes in head and neck melanoma
Eur J Surg Oncol
BACKGROUND: The complex lymphatic drainage in the head and neck makes sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for melanomas in this region challenging. This study describes the incidence, and location of additional positive nonsentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) in patients with cutaneous head and neck melanoma following a positive SLNB. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed using a single institution prospective database. Patients with a primary melanoma in the head or neck with a positive cervical SLNB were identified. The lymphadenectomy specimen was divided intraoperatively into lymph node levels I-V, and NSLN status determined for each level. RESULTS: Of 387 patients with melanoma of the head and neck who underwent cervical SLNB, 54 had a positive SLN identified (14%). Thirty six patients (67%) underwent immediate completion lymph node dissection (CLND) of whom eight patients (22%) had a positive NSLN. The remaining 18 patients (33%) did not undergo CLND and were observed. Half of positive NSLNs (50%) were in the same lymph node level as the SLN and 33% were in an immediately adjacent level; only two patients were found to have NSLNs in non-adjacent levels. The only factor predictive of NSLN involvement was the size of the tumor deposit in the SLN>0.2 mm (p = 0.05). Superficial parotidectomy at CLND revealed metastatic melanoma only in patients with a positive parotid SLN. CONCLUSIONS: A positive NLSN was identified in 22% of patients undergoing CLND after a positive SLNB. The majority of positive NSLNs are found within or immediately adjacent to the nodal level containing the SLN.
School of Medicine


text:
What's a Boilermaker, and What Does It Have to Do With Purdue?
Have you even been watching a University of Purdue football or basketball game and found yourself wondering what their nickname, the Boilermakers, means?
According to legend, the nickname dates back to the late-19th century when the school perennially routed nearby Wabash College at football, and Wabash supporters wound up hurling derogatory names at their competition. The town began calling the Purdue team things like "a great big burly gang of corn-huskers," "rail-splitters," "foundry molders" and "log-haulers."
It wasn't just fueled by those with sour grapes, either. In 1891 a Daily Argus article about the latest blowout proclaimed, "Wabash Snowed Completely Under by the Burly Boiler Makers from Purdue."
The Purdue community embraced the moniker. What's funny is that the term made a great deal of sense for the Indiana residents who would build railroad shops in the local area in the years that followed. Guess sometimes a small-town newspaper can really be ahead of the game.


text:
Part 9, Note 28
Click Here to See All Notes to Part 9
Tenth Census of the United States (1880) Schedule 2, Colorado County, Texas. There were 114 farmers who produced molasses, 132 who grew potatoes, and 163 who grew sweet potatoes. German area farmers were much more likely to grow Irish potatoes than sweet potatoes. Sixty-five of the 649 German area farmers, or 10% of them, grew Irish potatoes; only 67 of the 1027 other farmers, or less than 7%, did. Forty German area farmers grew sweet potatoes, 123 others did.


text:
Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) - Wiki
Mediterranean Monk Seal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[Photo] The Natural history museum in Milan, Italy. Diorama with a Monachus monachus (Mediterranean Monk seal). Picture by Giovanni Dall'Orto (_URL_ April 22 2007.
The Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) is believed to be the world's rarest pinniped and one of the most endangered mammals of the world.
This species of monk seal grows from approximately 80 cm long at birth to an average of 2.40 m in adults. The latter weigh up to 320 kg, the females being slightly smaller than the males. Their fur is black (males) or brown to dark grey (females) with a paler belly which is close to white in males. Pups are mostly born in autumn, entering the water two weeks afterwards, and are weaned at around 18 weeks of age. They are born with black natal fur, often with a white patch beneath. The shape of these patches can be used to identify individuals. Reproductive maturity is reached at around age four, and maximum age is over twenty years. Pregnant Mediterranean Monk Seals typically use inaccessible undersea caves while giving birth, though historical descriptions show that they used open beaches until the eighteenth century.
The Mediterranean Monk Seals are diurnal and feed on fish and mollusks, primarily octopus, up to 3 kg per day.
This earless seal's former range extended throughout the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea coasts line and into the Atlantic, as far South as Cape Verde (where it is now extinct) and as far West as the Azores (where it is also extinct as a breeder but there are occasional sightings of mavericks coming from the Desertas population).
Several causes have provoked a dramatic population decrease over the time, mostly commercial hunting (especially during the Roman Empire and Middle Age) and, during the 20th century, eradication by fishermen??? who used to consider it a pest due to the damages the seal causes to fishing nets when it preys on fishes caught in those??? and coastal urbanisation.
The species has gone extinct in the Sea of Marmara, due to pollution and heavy ship traffic from the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus. In addition, the last report of a seal in Black Sea dates to late 1990s.
Nowadays its entire population is estimated to be nowadays less than 600 individuals scattered throughout a wide distribution range, which qualifies this species as Critically Endangered. Its current very sparse population is one more serious threat to the species, as it only has two key sites which can be deemed viable: the Aegean Sea and, specially, the one in the Western Sahara portion of Cabo Blanco (which may support the small but growing nucleus in the Desertas Islands). These two key sites for the species are virtually in the extreme opposites of its distribution range, which makes natural population interchange impossible.
In the summer of 1997, two thirds of the largest surviving single population of Mediterranean monk seals (the one in Cabo Blanco) was wiped out within the space of two months, extremely compromising the species' viable population. While opinions on the precise causes of this epidemic remain sharply divided (the most likely cause being either a morbilivirus or a toxic algae bloom) the mass die-off emphasised the precarious status of a species already regarded as critically endangered throughout its range. While still far below the beginning of 1997, numbers in this all important location have started a slow paced recovery ever since. Currently the population in this location is estimated at 150 individuals, down from approximately 300 in 1997 but still the largest colony by far. The threat of a similar incident that could wipe out this entire population remains.
Damage inflicted upon fishermen's nets and rare attacks on off-shore fish farms in Turkey and Greece are known to have pushed local people towards hunting the Mediterranean monk seal, but mostly out of revenge rather than population control. Preservation efforts have been put forth by civic organizations, foundations and universities in both countries since as early as the 1970s. For the past 10 years, many groups have carried out missions to educate locals on damage control and species preservation. Reports of positive results of such efforts exist throughout the area.
One of the largest groups among the foundations concentrating their efforts towards the preservation of the Mediterranean monk seal is the Mediterranean Seal Research Group (tr. Akdeniz Foklarını Ara??tırma Grubu) operating under the Underwater Research Foundation (tr. Sualtı Ara??tırmaları Derne??i) in Turkey (aka. SAD-AFAG). The group has taken initiative in joint preservation efforts together with the Fo??a municipal officials, as well as phone, fax and email hotlines for sightings.
Preservation of the species requires both the preservation of land and sea, due to the need for terrestrial haul-out sites and caves or caverns for the animal to rest and reproduce. Even though responsible SCUBA instructors hesitate to make trips to known seal caves, just the rumor of a seal sighting quickly becomes a tourist attraction for many. Irresponsible SCUBA trips shy the Mediterranean monk seal away from caves of potential habitation spots for the species.
|The text in this page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article shown in above URL. It is used under the GNU Free Documentation License. You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the GFDL.|


text:
Comparison of tulathromycin, azithromycin and azithromycin-rifampin for the treatment of mild pneumonia associated with Rhodococcus equi
- 1Veterinary Clinic, Trift 4, Destedt 38162, Germany
- 2Equine Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
- 3Veterinary Clinic, Pfingstweide 2, Kaufungen 34260, Germany
- 4College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- E-mail for correspondence:
The objectives of the present study were to determine the relative efficacy of tulathromycin, azithromycin, or azithromycin with rifampin for the treatment of pulmonary abscesses on a farm with endemic infections caused by Rhodococcus equi. Foals with ultrasonographic evidence of pulmonary abscesses (abscess score 8.0–15 cm; n=120) were randomly allocated in four equal treatment groups: (1) tulathromycin intramuscularly; (2) azithromycin monotherapy, orally; (3) azithromycin with rifampin, orally; (4) saline intramuscularly as a placebo. Physical examination and thoracic ultrasonography were performed by individuals unaware of treatment group assignment. Foals that worsened were removed from the study. The proportion of foals that recovered without the need for a change in therapy was significantly higher for foals treated with azithromycin (29 of 30) or azithromycin with rifampin (28 of 30) than for foals treated with a placebo (20 of 30). Additionally, azithromycin or azithromycin with rifampin resulted in a significantly faster decrease in the number of abscesses and abscess score compared with a placebo. The proportion of foals treated with tulathromycin that recovered (27 of 30) was not significantly different from that of foals treated with a placebo. Azithromycin alone or in combination with rifampin was beneficial in the study population.
- Accepted September 7, 2013.
- Published Online First 7 October 2013
- British Veterinary Association


text:
S7 Technical Assistance
Eastern prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera leucophaea)
Determining whether eastern prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera leucophaea) may be present in a proposed project area in the following northeastern Illinois counties: Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Will.
|Photo by Mike Redmer
As part of Step 1 of the S7 process, you checked the Illinois species list and found that eastern prairie fringed orchid is present in the county where your proposed project is located. The next step is to determine whether eastern prairie fringed orchid "may be present" in the action area of your proposed project. Below is guidance to help you make that determination.
Habitat: The eastern prairie fringed orchid (orchid) occurs in a wide variety of habitats, from wet to mesic prairie or wetland communities, including, but not limited to sedge meadow, fen, marsh, or marsh edge. It can occupy a very wide moisture gradient of prairie and wetland vegetation. It requires full sun for optimal growth and flowering, which ideally would restrict it to grass and sedge dominated plant communities. However, in some plant communities where there are encroaching species such as cattail and/or dogwood, the orchid may be interspersed or within the edge zones of these communities and thus can sometimes occur in partially shaded areas. The substrate of the sites where this orchid occurs include glacial soils, lake plain deposits, muck, or peat which could range from more or less neutral to mildly calcareous (Bowles et al. 2005, USFWS 1999). In some cases, the species may also occur along ditches or roadways where this type of habitat is present.
Processes that maintain habitats in early or mid-successional phases may be important in providing the sunny, open conditions required by the orchid (USFWS 1999). Sedge meadow and marsh habitats that support this orchid are usually earlyor midsuccessional because of past grazing, drainage, or soil disturbance. Patch disturbances that expose the soil to this orchid's seeds, and reduce competition from established plants, may be needed for seedling establishment.
Hawkmoths are the pollinators of this orchid species. In Illinois the hawkmoth, Sphinx eremitus is a confirmed pollinator although there may be others. Eumorpha pandorus and Eumorpha achemon have been confirmed as pollinators in other states. Host plants for the caterpillars of Sphinx eremitus include various species of beebalm (Monarda spp.), mints (Mentha spp.), bugleweed (Lycopus spp.) and sage (Salvia spp.).
Follow the steps below to determine whether the eastern prairie fringed orchid may be present in the action area of your proposed project. This guidance is specific to Cook, Lake, McHenry, DuPage, Kane, and Will counties in northeastern Illinois.
1) Define the action area – all areas to be affected directly or indirectly by the Federal action and not just in the immediate area involved in the action. (For example: downstream areas, adjacent off-site wetlands, etc.)
2) Does the action area support any wet to mesic prairie or wetland
communities including, but not limited to sedge meadow, fen, or marsh edges?
If the answer is yes, go to number 3 (below). If the answer is no, conclude that "the eastern prairie fringed orchid is not present," document your finding for your records or provide this information to the federal action agency. No further consultation is required.
3) Conduct a floristic quality assessment for the proposed project site during the growing season or use a previous assessment that is not more than three years old and was conducted during the growing season.
4) If any wetland in the action area is determined to be high quality, (a Floristic Quality Index of 20 or greater and/or a Native Mean C of 3.5 or greater) proceed to number 5 (below) or contact the Chicago Field Office for further consultation.
Wetlands that are not high quality will not support eastern prairie fringed orchid. For those wetlands, conclude that "the eastern prairie fringed orchid is not present," document your finding for your records or provide this information to the federal action agency. No further consultation is required for those wetlands.
5) Compare the plant species list generated for each high quality wetland with our Associate Plant Species List for the Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid. If four or more associates are listed, then proceed to number 6. If not, high quality wetlands that support three or less eastern prairie fringed orchid associate plant species are unlikely to support eastern prairie fringed orchids. Conclude that "the eastern prairie fringed orchid is not present" and document your finding for your records or provide this information to the federal action agency. No further consultation is necessary for those wetlands.
6) The eastern prairie fringed orchid may be present in your action area. You may either assume that the eastern prairie fringed orchid is present and proceed to Step 2 of the Section 7 Consultation Process or conduct a field search during the bloom date of the orchid; June 28 through July 11. Because northeastern Illinois orchid populations bloom sporadically rather than all plants blooming at the same time, searches should be conducted on a minimum of three non-consecutive days within this time period. Please notify the Chicago Field Office before conducting your survey.
7) If you assume that the eastern prairie fringed orchid may be present in the action area or a field search proves that the orchid is present, the next step in the S7 Consultation Process is to determine whether the proposed action may affect any eastern prairie fringed orchids. Go to Step 2 of the S7 Consultation Process to begin that determination.
Please contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Chicago Illinois Field Office if you for more information or if you have any questions.
Chicago Illinois Field Office
1250 South Grove, Suite 103
Barrington, Illinois 60010
Phone: 847/_PHONE_, ext. 20
1Swink, F. and G. Wilhelm. 1994. Plants of the Chicago Region, 4th ed. Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis. 921pp.
Step 1 of the Section 7 Process
Section 7 Technical Assistance


text:
AUTHOR JANISSE RAY LECTURES AT MIDDLE GEORGIA COLLEGE
(Cochran, GA) – Author Janisse Ray recently lectured about sustainable living to Middle Georgia College students, faculty, and community members. The event was sponsored by MGC's Learning Communities as part of their Examined Life series.
Ray said that in order to lead an ethical life, it must be examined. "It requires reading and an open mind," she said. "We especially need to examine our relationship to land, nature, and wildlife."
Ray said that we all hold six false beliefs: we have unlimited resources, the right to use those resources, our existence is purely pleasure, now is more important than later, technology will save us, and it is okay to accept convenience and ease. Ray used the destruction of the longleaf pine as an example. In 1995, there were 93 million longleaf pines; now, 99% of them are gone. "It borders on immorality," said Ray. "We are cutting the South to death."
The destruction of our land is mirrored in society, said Ray. "We become more marginalized and isolated; not knowing our neighbors and arguments at family reunions. This fragmentation leads to annihilation."
For college students, the most important question is 'how are we going to live sustainable lives,' said Ray. "What does it mean to be given this life? That is the question of your lives."
The root cause of environmental destruction is our economic system, industrial capitalism, said Ray. "The motto of the economy is more, more, more," said Ray. "The Earth can't support this."
We are in the middle of an economic system failure as evidenced by the recession and the housing crisis, said Ray. "Our system is failing because it requires more of itself to solve its own problems."
There are several solutions, said Ray. "We can come up with a new system, such as sustainability. We could also imbue ethics in our current economy because corporations should not be ruling our country."
The most direct solution to the current economy is to remove yourself from the global system into the local one, said Ray. "Learn how to do things yourself," she said. "Cook, farm, play music, and spend locally."
"Janisse Ray is one of the kindest and most generous people I've ever met," said Lorraine Dubuisson, an assistant professor of learning support/English at MGC. "She gave me goose bumps once or twice during her talk. I think her message of sustainability and preservation and the need for a radical overhaul of the way we live our lives is extremely important and powerful."
Although he didn't agree with Ray on all her points, MGC student Jesus Melchor thought she made a good suggestion about eating locally. "I've seen a documentary called 'Food Inc.' basically showing where our meat comes from and it's very disgusting," he said. "So I see why she encourages us to eat organic or homegrown food but nowadays it's very hard to live the way she does but we could all try."
Ray is the author of three works of nonliterary fiction, including Ecology of a Cracker Childhood, about growing up on a junkyard in Baxley, Ga. amidst the threatened longleaf pine forests of the Southeast. The book explores themes of family and environmental conservation. Ray, an organizer and environmental activist, is also on the faculty of Chatham University's low-residency MFA program, as well as a founding board member of Altamaha Riverkeeper.


Quick Answer: What Is Virtual Function Bus In Autosar?
What is virtual function bus?
The concept of the Virtual Functional Bus (VFB) allows to model the communication between Software Components on System Level and to strictly separate the application software (Software Components) from infrastructure (Basic Software Modules)..
What is ComStack?
Communication Stack or COM stack facilitates communication. Hence COM stack can be defined as a software stack that provides communication services to the Basic Software Modules and Application Layer or Application Software.
What are Runnables in autosar?
What is exclusive area in autosar?
Exclusive areas. An exclusive area is the AUTOSAR equivalent of a binary. semaphore, that can be acquired and released in an atomic. fashion by competing runnable instances [3, ch.].
What is RTE software?
Stands for "Runtime Environment." As soon as a software program is executed, it is in a runtime state. When you see the name of a software program with the initials "RTE" after it, it usually means the software includes a runtime environment. …
Is autosar an operating system?
What is autosar service layer?
In AUTOSAR, the ECU software is abstracted and subdivided into basic software, runtime environment and application layer. … The Service Layer provides different types of background services such as network services, memory management and bus communication services for the application layer.
What is per instance memory autosar?
Per instance memory is instantiated for each instance (prototype) of an atomic software component of the RTE. A Data Type instance can be accessed only by the corresponding atomic software component instance (prototype).
How RTE works in autosar?
Runtime environment (RTE): acts as a middleware between the AUTOSAR application layer and the lower layers. Basically, the RTE layer manages the interand intra-ECU communication between application layer components as well as between the BSW and the application layer.
What is the purpose of autosar?
As defined by Wikipedia AUTOSAR or AUTOmotive Open System ARchitecture is a worldwide development partnership of automotive interested parties founded way back in 2003. Its main objective is to create and establish an open standardized software architecture for automotive ECUs.
What is difference between sender receiver and client server in autosar?
What is autosar interface?
An AUTOSAR interface is a generic interface, which is derived from the ports of any SWC. … These types of interfaces are used by SWCs for access to AUTOSAR services, which are provided by BSW modules of the Service Layer, such as the ECU State Manager or the Diagnostic Event Manager.
What is basic software in autosar?
Basic Software (AUTOSAR BSW): Basic Software is the standardized software layer, which provides services to the AUTOSAR Software Components and is necessary to run the functional part of the software. … The Basic Software contains standardized and ECU specific modules.
CAN transceiver autosar?
The CAN Transceiver Driver module is responsible for handling the CAN transceiver hardware chips on an ECU. The CAN Transceiver is a hardware device, which adapts the signal levels that are used on the CAN bus to the logical (digital) signal levels recognised by a microcontroller.
What is autosar methodology?
What is autosar Quora?
It stands for AUTomotive Open Software ARchitecture. You can visit this AUTOSAR for a better understanding of it. … There are certain objectives defined which the AUTOSAR (when followed) helps in achieving for the automobile/automotive equipment manufacturers.
What is the difference between classic and adaptive autosar?
While Classic platform specializes in the functional ECUs where software is deeply embedded (has scores of benefits), Adaptive platform is the futuristic one that can help realize autonomous driving functionality.


text:
FRANK JAMES JEMMETT
Not much is known about him. He was killed on Malta 22 April, 1942. The following anecdote about him was found:
Other sources suggest that Frank had to scramble without his parachute because it had been stolen. A gibbet was erected afterwards to warn people of the consequences of any similar occurrence of items being stolen from the base. Frank was shot down, made a crash landing and was later pulled from the burning plane by another pilot and some army personnel. He later died in hospital.


text:
Hundreds of thousands of wild flower seedlings are being planted across Northern Ireland thanks to the efforts of prisoners from HMP Magilligan.
Community groups, schools and organisations across Northern Ireland have started planting a variety of wild flower seedlings at hundreds of locations this spring as the build-up to summer gathers pace.
The native wild flower seedlings are being provided by Grow Wild and HM Prison Magilligan in a joint effort to provide active and meaningful work for the inmates whilst also doing something positive in communities across Northern Ireland. Wild flowers will flourish in the summer creating spaces full of colour, beauty and wildlife.
Wild flower seedlings have already been planted at CAFRE's Greenmount College, where students are introducing them to their wildlife garden, the green roofs of Creggan Country Park, Londonderry, boosting the colour in the Cornfield Project, Coleraine, PeasPark and other community gardens in Belfast and 30 primary schools across the Causeway Coast and Glens area including St Aidan's in Magilligan.
Stéphanie Baine, Grow Wild's Northern Ireland Partnership Manager, said: "These germinated seedlings are very popular because they provide many benefits to people, pollinators and wildlife across Northern Ireland. We find that people get together in their local community or school to plant the seedlings, encouraging them to get active outdoors. And the seedlings will provide essential nectar sources for pollinators when they flower."
Austin Treacy, Governor of Magilligan, said: "The space and workforce at Magilligan complex is entirely suited to helping this great project. I am delighted that our work has helped so many communities and schools across the province.
More wild flower seedlings will be available in May and can be planted to inject colour into spaces along the main roads, in parks, and community areas across the region this summer. Contact _EMAIL_ if your school or group would be interested in getting involved.


1
I am using Visual Basic 6
I have the following code structure:
FUNCNINFO is a structure
Public funcTable() As FUNCNINFO
-----
------
ReDim Preserve funcTable(0 To upsize + ns)
When the value of (upsize + ns) is exceeding 32766,it is giving the runtime overflow error '6' Do you have any idea of the cause and the solution?
1
 - 1
 Are upsize and ns ints or longs? If you're lucky this is just the 16-bit int limit (though that's usually 32767) but I wouldn't be surprised if this was an array size limit. Do you really need your funcTable that large? – Rup Jul 28 '10 at 10:06
7
VB6's Integer type is 16 bits so cannot store a value > 32767, its Long that's the 32 bit integer type so the following will work;
Dim upsize As Long
Dim ns As Long
upsize = 32766
ns = 12345
ReDim Preserve funcTable(0& To upsize + ns)
4
 - Hi Thanks.. Please note that indvidual value of upsize and ns is not exceeding size of integer,it is there combination which is exceeding. – Pradeep Jul 28 '10 at 10:13
 - 2
 nor are they in my example, if they were both declared as integer (or not declared at all) then a error 6 overflow is thrown – Alex K. Jul 28 '10 at 10:21
 - Hi Rup, Yes this is array size limit in real scenario. – Pradeep Jul 28 '10 at 10:33
 - 1
 @Pradeep I think Alex is correct (+1 Alex). Please try changing your code to see whether it fixes the problem, and let us know what happens. If you don't want to change the type of your variables you could write ReDim Preserve funcTable(0 To CLng(upsize) + CLng(ns)) – MarkJ Jul 28 '10 at 11:30
0
I discovered that the it was the database which had errors. I did not troubleshoot where exactly the error was but just took a backup before the updated one and it worked ok
Your Answer
By clicking "Post Your Answer", you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


text:
French is an instream dam and lake on Canyon Creek in the South Yuba watershed. The nearest city is Kingvale (9.18 miles).
The dam was constructed in 1859 and raised in 1948. Standing at 100 feet tall and 200 feet long, it is a concrete-faced rock fill dam with a capacity of 13,940 acre-feet. The typical low level is 7,000 acre-feet.
NID has pre-1914 water rights that allow for storage of 13,940 acre-feet.
The District maintains environmental flows to Canyon Creek currently required at 2.5 cubic feet per second. There is no power generation.
Recreation: French supports walk-in dispersed camping.


text:
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Domestic Violence
This module examines the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on the risk of experiencing domestic violence.
Lecture: Welcome Video
This module examines the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on the risk of experiencing domestic violence. The first session introduces the topic and explains the various channels through which the pandemic can give rise to a greater incidence of domestic violence. This includes the additional spent time with potential perpetrators, the worsening labor market conditions, and the deterioration in mental health of individuals. The second session provides a more research–focused attention to the same question, focusing more on the United States. It examines the impact of stay–at–home orders issued by states at different points in time on the risk of experiencing domestic violence. We consider police calls for domestic violence and Google searches for domestic violence hotline. We also provide a detailed account of the project through interviews with my co–authors and research assistants.
- Reading: Alisha Haridasani Gupta and Aviva Stahl, "For Abused Women, a Pandemic Lockdown Holds Dangers of Its Own," The New York Times
- Reading: Caroline Bradbury–Jones, "The Pandemic Paradox: The Consequences of COVID–19 on Domestic Violence," Journal of Clinical Nursing
- Video: The Economic Impacts of COVID-19: Real-time Evidence from Private Sector Data
- Video: "What It's Like Working Domestic Abuse Hotline During Pandemic"
- Video: "Protecting Children From Violence In A Pandemic"
- Questions to Consider:
- Why might stay–at–home orders give rise to a greater risk of experiencing domestic violence?
- How would deterioration in mental health of individuals contribute to increases in domestic violence?
- What were the labor market impacts of the pandemic, and why do they matter for domestic violence?
- How do domestic violence hotlines respond during the Covid–19 crisis?
- Why are children in danger of abuse during the pandemic?
- Reading: Amber Peterman, Megan O'Donnell, and Tia Palermo, "COVID–19 and Violence against Women and Children: What Have We Learned So Far?," The Center for Global Development Note
- Reading: Saravana Ravindran and Manisha Shah, "Unintended Consequences of Lockdowns: COVID–19 and the Shadow Pandemic," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper
- Interview: Pinar Keskin, Associate Professor of Economics, Wellesley College
- Interview: Covid and Domestic Violence Research Assistants
- Video: "When "Stay at Home" Isn't Safe: Domestic Violence during COVID–19"
- Video: "Presentation of Preliminary Findings"
- Questions to Consider:
- Why is domestic violence in the U.S. a pressing social, economic, and health problem?
- What are the trends in domestic violence calls to the police in 2020 compared to 2019? Where do we observe a significant break from the previous year, and why?
- How does the decline in mobility of individuals driven partly by shelter–in–place orders affect the domestic violence calls and Google searches for domestic violence?
- Why might Hispanics and foreign–born individuals experience a higher risk of domestic violence during the pandemic?
- How is it possible to get involved in research projects at Northeastern?
- What would you learn from working as a research assistant with a professor at Northeastern?
The goal in this assignment is to use Google trends data to examine the time trends in searches related to domestic violence in different regions across the United States. More specifically, go to Google trends website at _URL_ and search for "domestic violence hotline". Victims of domestic violence may search for this phrase to reach the contact information of the National Domestic Violence Hotline.
In the top panel, you will see the time trend for searches of "domestic violence hotline" for the U.S as a whole. Download this data by clicking on the csv file link on the top of this figure, and save it.
In the bottom panel, you will see the geographic variation across states in the U.S. Select three states from this panel, and click on each of them separately. Then click on the cvs link on top of each figure shown for each state, and download the data.
Using the data you downloaded, make a figure that plots the U.S. average together with the averages for the three states you downloaded. Then search for the dates of first shelter–in–place order for each state, and put these dates as vertical lines on your graph. Explain in writing what you see in these time trends. Do shelter–in–place orders appear to be related to these searches for "domestic violence hotline"? How do the searches for each state compare to the U.S. average? Prepare an essay of 2 pages long.
For a more advanced exercise, write an R code that downloads all of the data for each designated market area in the United States. Merge this with the dates of shelter–in–place orders, and run a difference–in–difference specification to estimate the relationship between these orders and searches for "domestic violence hotline".
- Alon, Titan M., Matthias Doepke, Jane Olmstead-Rumsey, and Michèle Tertilt. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Gender Equality," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 26947, April 2020.
- Aguero, Jorge M., "COVID-19 and The Rise of Intimate Partner Violence," 2020. Unpublished Manuscript.
- Aizer, Anna, "The Gender Wage Gap and Domestic Violence," American Economic Review, 2010, 100 (4),1847–59.
- _____, "Poverty, Violence, and Health the Impact of Domestic Violence During Pregnancy on Newborn Health," Journal of Human Resources, 2011, 46 (3), 518–538.
- Anderberg, Dan, Helmut Rainer, Jonathan Wadsworth, and Tanya Wilson, "Unemployment and domestic violence: Theory and evidence," The Economic Journal, 2016, 126(597):_PHONE_.
- Baron, E. Jason, Ezra G. Goldstein, and Cullen T. Wallace. "Suffering in silence: How covid-19 school closures inhibit the reporting of child maltreatment," Working Paper, 2020.
- Bindler, Anna and Nadine Ketel. "Scaring or scarring? Labour market effects of crime victimization,"Working Paper, 2019.
- Boserup, Brad, Mark McKenney, and Adel Elkbuli, "Alarming Trends in US Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic," The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2020.
- Bradbury-Jones, Caroline. "The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID-19 on domestic violence," Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2020, 29: 2047–2049.
- David Card and Gordon Dahl. "Family violence and football: The effect of unexpected emotional cues on violent behavior," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2011, 126:1-41.
- Centers for Disease Control, "Costs of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the United States," Department of Health and Human Services. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control, 2003.
- Devries, Karen M, Joelle YT Mak, Claudia Garcia-Moreno, Max Petzold, James C Child, Gail Falder, Stephen Lim, Loraine J Bacchus, Rebecca E Engell, Lisa Rosenfeld et al., "The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women," Science, 2013, 340 (6140), 1527–1528.
- Eswaran, Mukesh and Nisha Malhotra, "Domestic Violence and Women's Autonomy in Developing Countries: Theory and Evidence," Canadian Journal of Economics, 2011, 44 (4), 1222–1263.
- Garcia-Moreno, Claudia, Cathy Zimmerman, Alison Morris-Gehring, Lori Heise, Avni Amin, Naeemah Abrahams, Oswaldo Montoya, Padma Bhate-Deosthali, Nduku Kilonzo, and Charlotte Watts, "Addressing Violence Against Women: A Call to Action," Lancet, 2015, 385, 1685–1695.
- Haridasani Gupta, Alisha and Aviva Stahl. "For Abused Women, a Pandemic Lockdown Holds Dangers of Its Own," The New York Times, March 24, 2020.
- Leslie, Emily and Riley Wilson, "Sheltering in Place and Domestic Violence: Evidence from Calls for Service During COVID-19," Working Paper _PHONE_, Social Science Research Network 2020.
- Mahmud, Mahreen and Emma Riley, "Household Response to an Extreme Shock: Evidence on the Immediate Impact of the Covid-19 Lockdown on Economic Outcomes and Well-being in Rural Uganda," 2020. Unpublished Manuscript.
- Peterman, Amber, Megan O'Donnell, and Tia Palermo. "COVID-19 and Violence against Women and Children: What Have We Learned So Far?" The Center for Global Development Note, June 2020.
- Ravindran, Saravana and Manisha Shah. "Unintended Consequences of Lockdowns: COVID-19 and the Shadow Pandemic." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 27562, July 2020.
- Ribero, Rocio and Fabio Sanchez, "Determinants, Effects and Costs of Domestic Violence," Bog


text:
NEBOSH Certificate in Fire Safety
Via our Sister Company – JNC Safety Services Ltd we offer the NEBOSH Certificate in Fire Safety.
The certificate is globally recongised and designed for anyone who has fire safety responsibilities in small to medium sized organisations. Upon achievement you will have the knowledge, skills and understanding to help prevent fires from happening, carry out effective fire risk assessments and minimise fire impact.
The NEBOSH Fire Certificate is a Level 6 qualification which is accredited and credit rated by the Scottish Qualification Authority (SQA). Holders of the certificate are able to apply to the International Institue of Risk and Safety Management for Associate Member (AIIRSM).
There are no entry requirements for this qualification. Please note that it is important that delegates studying the certificate have a suitable standard of English language. See link below for further syllabus details:
- Element 1 – Managing fire safety
- Element 2 – Principles of fire and explosion
- Element 3 – Fuel, oxygen and ignition sources and control measures
- Element 4 – Fire protection of buildings
- Element 5 – Safety of people in the event of fire
- Element 6 – Fire safety risk assessment
- Understand the management of health and safety
- Manage fire safety protocols
- Understand the principles of fires and explosions
- Identify the causes and preventions of fires and explosions
- Identify and implement fire prevention and protection in buildings
- Manage the safety of people in the event of a fire
- Conduct/complete a fire safety risk assessment
- Promote a positive fire safety culture
Course Delivery and Duration:
This course is delivered by either classroom based learning or via self led distance learning. Duration of the classroom course is 5 days. For self led distance learning JNC recommends spending between 40 – 60 hours on the course. The assessment for the certificate consists of an open-book examination (OBE) and a practical risk assessment project. Fees below include one sitting of the examination.
Classroom: £850.00 plus VAT per person (fee includes study book and materials, tutor led course away from the workplace, lunch and refreshments, study with fellow professionals, one sitting of examination)
Distance Learning (Self Led): £650.00 plus VAT per person (fee includes study book, access to learning platform for learning materials, one sitting of examination when you are ready, complete the course in your own time)


Mango tree with mango
Mango tree with mango
 - Product Code: DOP776
 - Availability: In Stock
 - QAR 650.00
- OR -
Mango Tree With Mango
Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango trees and a member of the Anacardiaceae family. They are tropical fruit trees that flourish in frost-free climates and a deep-rooted plant that becomes large specimens in the landscape. These mango trees are perfect in size. It has 1.8 Mtr Total Height
How To Care
Light: Keep the tree in a warm area with at least 6 hours of sun
Water: watering the tree in late winter or early spring when temperatures warm, do not leave the plant to sit with wet feet in soggy soil. watering must be reduced to twice a week until harvest.
Fertilizer: use a liquid fertilizer that is lower in nitrogen and higher in potassium and phosphorus.
Temperature: Flowers and fruit drop if temperatures dip below 40 degrees F. They love warm temperatures
Potting: The best time to plant a mango is in the spring. Plant a mango seed in a pot with drainage holes, it will grow into small trees, after about four or five years need repotting when they become large mango tree.
Pruning: Mango trees don't require pruning normally, only need to remove diseased or dead branches and the occasional wayward growth.
Write a review
Please login or register to review


text:
Wristwatch gives remote control of computer
October 10, 2001 | Source: New Scientist
A new high-tech watchstrap that gives its wearer remote control over a wearable computer has been demonstrated in Switzerland.The GestureWrist, developed by Jun Rekimoto of Sony's Computer Science Laboratory in Tokyo, Japan, uses sensors embedded into a normal watch strap. These track a wearer's arm movements and the opening and closing their hand, relaying this information to a computer kept somewhere on their person.
GestureWrist uses a tilt sensor beneath the wrist watch to measure directional movement and acceleration and "capacitance sensing" to detect different hand shapes, such as open and closed.


Like HowStuffWorks on Facebook!
How Transmissive Film Works
Transmissive Film: Cheat Sheet
Stuff you should know:
 - Transmissive film is an extremely thin sheet of polymer that can be applied to LCD displays to make them brighter and clearer.
 - Transmissive film can also be used for privacy. Some transmissive films, when applied to LCD computer screens, make it so only the person at the keyboard can view the contents of the screen.
 - LCD displays are backlit with a fluorescent light source. A lot of the light gets diffused and dispersed while passing through different polarizers and filters. Transmissive films can amplify the strength of the light source by redirecting and recycling light toward the display.
Now test your knowledge with these quizzes!
Then read these related articles:
More to Explore


Question: How Do You Greet Someone In Igbo?
Which is correct Igbo or Ibo?
Igbo, also called Ibo, people living chiefly in southeastern Nigeria who speak Igbo, a language of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family.
The Igbo may be grouped into the following main cultural divisions: northern, southern, western, eastern or Cross River, and northeastern..
Is ukwuani a Igbo?
The Ukwuani is one of the three sub groups that make up the Igbo west of the River Niger; the others are Enuani and Ika. These three sub groups are now collectively regarded as Anioma (Good Land), geo-politically located in Nigeria's Delta State.
What is an Igbo girl?
Igbo girls, a sect of Nigerian girls from the south-eastern parts of the country, are one of the most beautiful and intelligent women in the world. However, they have other unique quirks which impact their marriages considerably.
What does Igbo Amaka mean?
203) Amaka (f): Short form of female name Chiamaka meaning "God is beautiful" (p. 78)
What does Obi mean in Igbo?
heart of godobi is a short form of obinna, an igbo name, or sometimes surname. the name's origin is from the igbo, located in south eastern nigeria, and is usually male. though people from other cultures may bear the name. the direct english translation is, "father's heart, heart of god".
How do igbos greet elders?
Greeting Elders For example, certain tribes require a female to kneel on the floor or curtsy to greet an elder, while males are expected to prostrate, squat, or bow completely to the ground.
Which tribe is richest in Nigeria?
The Igbos, Yorubas and the Hausas are the richest tribes in Nigeria.
MusaMost Popular First Names In NigeriaRankGenderForename1100%Musa2100%Ibrahim3100%Abubakar4100%Sani92 more rows
How does Igbo greet?
Notes. In Igbo tradition there are no specific greetings for afternoon and evening – ndeewo or daalụ are the traditional Igbo greetings during the day. Mgbedeọma / ụtụtụọma / ehihieọma are a modern trend by some people who made literal translations of the English greetings good morning / good afternoon / good evening).
How do you say hi in Nigeria?
Ẹ n lẹ means hello in this part of Nigeria.
Who are the real Igbos?
Igboland (Standard Igbo: Àlà Ị̀gbò, also known as Southeastern Nigeria, is the indigenous homeland of the Igbo people. It is a cultural and common linguistic region in southern Nigeria. Geographically, it is divided by the lower Niger River into two sections: an eastern (the larger of the two) and a western one.
How do you say good morning in Nigeria?
Igbo is one of the major languages spoken in Nigeria.
What is KEDU in Igbo?
Kedu ka ọdị Fine, thank you/ I'm fine.
How do you say love in Nigerian?
Love means ifunanya or ihunanya. There are as Other "sweet names" that basically conveys your love to your SO; words like akwa m' : my egg..
What does Oya mean in Nigeria?
no definite'Oya' is one Nigerian slang that has no definite meaning, however, it is used in a given context which could mean come, let's go, start or basically just an endearment to begin something or respond. It is commonly used across the nation and in some neighbouring countries too.
What is Igbo attire called?
IsiaguModern traditional attire Isiagu (or Ishi agu) is usually patterned with lions heads embroidered over the clothing, It can also be plain, (usually black).
What is Igbo known for?
Igbos are well known for their variety of soups, made from locally grown vegetables, fruits and seeds. The most popular Igbo soups are oha, nsala, akwu, okazi and ofe owerri. The Igbo people have a traditional religious belief that there is one creator, called 'Chineke' or 'Chukwu'.
How long does it take to learn Igbo?
Generally, a beginner undertaking up to two and a half hours of Igbo classes per week combined with personal study and practice would be able to express themselves in Igbo language within a month of learning. The more time devoted to learning, the better the results.
What is Ofuma in Igbo?


text:
The road, which is visible on this spectacular 360-degree panorama, crosses a remote mountainous region in the province of Jämtland in Sweden on the planet Earth. This panorama is a mosaic of 3×8 frames shot on May 3 by a small drone from a height of 200 meters above the ground.
The picture captures the warm light of the setting sun in the north-west and the dark shadow of our planet rising in the southeast. A small solar column allows you to find the position of the Sun under the horizon, and a pinkish anti-dusk arch, or the belt of Venus, surrounds the shadow of the Earth. In a surprisingly clear sky above the mountains, the Moon is visible in the phase of the first quarter. Its half-lit disc is in the middle of the picture, dividing the sunset and the rising of the shadow.
In order to capture the sunset and the shadow of the Earth differing in brightness, exposures of different duration were made. The highest mountain to the left of the setting sun is Stornsnazen, 1400 meters high above sea level.


text:
Home Office seeks software and hardware platform for monitoring those being prosecuted for immigration offences
Credit: Arne Dedert/DPA/PA Images
The government is to spend up to £70m implementing satellite tracking technology to monitor the whereabouts of people prosecuted for immigration offences.
The tracking devices will be worn by people suspected of being in the country illegally, those charged with people-smuggling offences, and anyone else being prosecuted for contravening immigration laws. These people are often restricted by curfews and inclusion or exclusion zones imposed by authorities.
According to a newly issued contract notice from the Home Office, the government is looking for a technology system that will enable it "to use satellite tracking proportionately by matching the type and degree of monitoring to the risk posed by each foreign-national offender". This will entail the deployment of devices designed to be worn and monitored around the clock, as well as "less intrusive devices for lower-harm cases".
- MoJ's bungled tagging project hurt by needless 'all-singing, all-dancing procurement approach', PAC finds
- Sheffield NHS trust to implement electronic baby tagging
- Another delay for MoJ's troubled satellite tagging project
Alongside these will be a software platform through which officials can track the track the devices. This technology will need to deliver alerts when a device needs to be changed, or when a wearer attempts to remove or tamper with their device, the government said. The software must also incorporate an automated response to these alerts.
The supplier of the hardware and software must also provide a nationwide "induction and fitting service", including the replacement or removal of devices, as and when required. The chosen bidder will also be expected to provide "a field service that can respond to alerts". Regular reports that can be easily accessed by officials via a self-service portal must also be provided.
The government expects to spend between £50m and £70m on a contract on that will last for an initial period of three years, with an option to extend by up to a further 24 months.
Potential bidders have until 11 July to register their interest, after which the government expects to ask five firms to bid. A contract is scheduled to be awarded on 1 October.


text:
Ship Structural Details
It is necessary to manage the fatigue crack growth (FCG) once those cracks are detected during in-service inspections. In this paper, a simulation program (FCG-System) is developed utilizing the commercial software ABAQUS with its object-oriented programming interface to simulate the fatigue crack path and to compute the corresponding fatigue life. In order to apply FCG-System in large-scale marine structures, the substructure modeling technique is integrated in the system under the consideration of structural details and load shedding during crack growth. Based on the nodal forces and nodal displacements obtained from finite element analysis, a formula for shell elements to compute stress intensity factors is proposed in the view of virtual crack closure technique. The cracks initiating from the intersection of flange and the end of the web-stiffener are investigated for fatigue crack paths and growth lives under water pressure loading and axial force loading, separately. It is found that the FCG-System developed by authors could be an efficient tool to perform fatigue crack growth analysis on marine structures.


text:
The Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and Civil Aviation (MoCTCA) published a press release to inform about the preliminary investigation report of the Yeti Airlines Flight 691 crash near the Pokhara International Airport.
The preliminary report concludes the major reason behind the fatal crash could be the propeller feathering of the ATR 72 '9N-ANC'. The investigation committee carefully assessed the Flight Data Recorder (FDR), and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR), and came to the finding that both the engine propeller on the '9N-ANC' was in the feathered position prior to the crash.
The black box of the ATR 72 aircraft was sent to Transport Safety Investigation Bureau (TSIB) in Singapore. Officials from Nepal including flight exports, and investigation committee members assisted with the investigation, and they have already returned to Nepal after the completion of the initial investigation.
TSIB Singapore, BEA France, TSB Canada, P&W Canada, and EASA jointly executed the inspection of FDR and CVR. The team also carried out ATR 72 simulator test for a detailed understanding of the fatal crash that killed all 72 on board.
With the preliminary report being published, critics are questioning how both engine propellers went into a feathered position.
What is propeller feathering?
A propeller feathering is a type of propeller motion that allows the blades of the propeller to become parallel to the airflow. This propeller action is only executed if there is engine failure.
Once activated, the feathered propeller aligns parallel to the oncoming airflow, and decreases overall drag to increase the gliding distance during engine failure.
The propeller pitch can be changed up to an angle of approximately 90 degrees with a feathering mechanism.
The reason behind the unusual propeller feathering on the Yeti's ATR 72 is not disclosed as it requires further investigation. There might be technical glitches or human error. The final report will be published by the Ministry as soon as the investigation committee comes up with a decisive conclusion.
Yeti Airlines Flight 691 Crash
On the fateful day of January 15th, 2023, a Yeti Airlines flight 691 was on its way from Kathmandu's Tribhuvan International Airport (VNKT) to Pokhara International Airport (VNPR), when tragedy struck.
The ATR 72 with registration number '9N-ANC' had 72 occupants on board including 68 passengers of different nationalities and 4 crew members. It was unable to make its final approach to the newly constructed airport in Pokhara, the tourist city.
The flights arriving from Kathmandu normally use Runway 30 as it is a direct approach path, and can be navigated easily by following the Lekhnath city. However, Yeti's flight 691 requested VNPR ATC to land at Runway 12 which is near the domestic airport. For this approach, the aircraft needs to fly aside from the international airport and make a significant turn to align with Runway 12.
Are you familiar with Yeti Airlines Flight 691 and the crash it was involved in? Investigators are continoulsy working for final report. If you've had any experience flying on Yeti Airlines before, please leave your opinion below!


text:
In the event of a break in a canal
wall, guard gates can be lowered,
to prevent water from long stretches of the canal being released.
(to isolate the damaged section)
canal boats can travel under these gates when in the up position
They are used at the entrance and exit of the canal using a natural stream or river.
People and Places


to return queue full the host can have sent many more commands. This risks that the LUN can end up with a situation it can not cope with and typically results in the LUN resetting.
 - If the LUN is being accessed from more than one host it is possible for it to return Queue full on the very first command. This makes it hard for the host to know when it will be safe to send a command since there are none outstanding from that host.
 - If the LUN is part of many LUNs on a single target it may share the total pool of commands that can be accepted by all the LUNS and so again could respond with "queue full" on the first command to a LUN.
 - In the two cases above the total number of commands a single host can send a single LUN will vary depending on conditions that the host simply can not know making adaptive algorithms unreliable.
All the above issues result in people taking the safest option and setting the throttle for a device as low as required so that the LUN never needs to send queue full. In some cases as low as 1. This is bad when limited to an individual LUN, it is terrible when done globally on the entire system.
As soon as you get to the point where you hit the throttle two things happen:
 1. You are no longer transferring data over the interconnect (fibre channel, parallel scsi or iscsi) for writes. This data has to wait until another command can complete before it can be transferred. This then reduces the throughput of the device. You writes can end up being throttled by reads and hence tend towards the speed of the spinning disk if the read has to go to the disk even though you may have a write cache.
 2. The command is queued on the waitq which will increase the latency still further if the queue becomes deep. See here for information about disksort's effect on latency.
Given that the system will regularly dump large numbers of commands on devices for short periods of time you want those commands to be handled as quickly as possible to minimized applications hanging while their IO is completed. If you want to observe the maximum number of commands sent to a device then there is a D script here to do that.
So the advice for configuring storage would be:
Wednesday Jul 02, 2008
What is the maximum number of commands queued to a LUN
This is not quite a one liner as I'm reusing the code from a previous post to print out the devices in a human readable form other wise it is just a one liner and was when I typed it in.
The question posed here was what is the maximum number of commands sent to a LUN at any one time? Clearly this will max out at the throttle for the device however what was interesting, since the customer had already tuned the throttle down and the problem had gone away was what was their configuration capable of sending to the LUN:
#!/usr/sbin/dtrace -qCs
#define SD_TO_DEVINFO(un) ((struct dev_info \*)((un)->un_sd->sd_dev))
#define DEV_NAME(un) \\
 stringof('devnamesp[SD_TO_DEVINFO(un)->devi_major].dn_name) /\* ' \*/
#define DEV_INST(un) (SD_TO_DEVINFO(un)->devi_instance)
fbt:\*sd:\*sd_start_cmds:entry { @[DEV_NAME(args[0]),DEV_INST(args[0])] = max(arg
s[0]->un_ncmds_in_driver) }
END {
 printa("%s%d %@d\\n", @);
}
This produces a nice list of disk devices and the maximum number of commands that have been sent to them at anyone time:
# dtrace -qCs /var/tmp/max_sd.d -n 'tick-5sec { exit(0) }'
sd2 1
sd0 70
#
Combine that with the dscript from the latency bubble posting earlier and you can drill down on where your IO is waiting.
Tuesday Mar 25, 2008
Automatic opening a USB disk on Sun Ray
One of my users today had a bit of a hissy fit today when she plugged in her USB thumb drive into the Sun Ray and it did nothing. That is it did nothing visible. Behind the scenes the drive had been mounted somewhere but there was no realistic way she could know this.
So I need a way to get the file browser to open when the drive is inserted. A quick google finds " "USB Drive" daemon for Sun Ray sessions" which looks like the answer. The problem I have with this is that it polls to see if there is something mounted. Given my users never log out this would mean this running on average every second. Also the 5 second delay just does not take into account the attention span of a teenager.
There has to be a better way.
My solution is to use dtrace to see when the file system has been mounted and then run nautilus with that directory.
The great thing about Solaris 10 and later is that I can give the script just the privilege that allows it to run dtrace without handing out access to the world. Then of course you can then give that privilege away.
So I came up with this script. Save it. Mine is in /usr/local which in turn is a symbolic link to /tank/fs/local. Then add an entry to /etc/security/exec_attr, subsisting the correct absolute (ie one with no symbolic links in it) path in the line.
Basic Solaris User:solaris:cmd:::/tank/fs/local/bin/utmountd:privs=dtrace_kernel
This gives the script just enough privileges to allow it to work. It then drops the extra privilege so that when it runs nautilus it has no extra privileges.
Then you just have to arrange for users to run the script when they login using:
pfexec /usr/local/bin/utmountd
I have done this by creating a file called /etc/dt/config/Xsession.d/utmountd that contains these lines:
pfexec /usr/local/bin/utmountd &
trap "kill $!" EXIT
I leave making this work for uses of CDE as an exercise for the reader.
Wednesday Feb 27, 2008
Latency Bubbles follow up
Following on from the latency bubbles in your IO posting. I have been asked two questions about this post privately:
 1. How can you map those long numbers in the output into readable entries, eg sd0.
 2. How can I confirm that disksort has been turned off?
The first one just requires another glob of D:
##pragma D option quiet
#define SD_TO_DEVINFO(un) ((struct dev_info \*)((un)->un_sd->sd_dev))
#define DEV_NAME(un) \\
 stringof('devnamesp[SD_TO_DEVINFO(un)->devi_major].dn_name) /\* ' \*/
#define DEV_INST(un) (SD_TO_DEVINFO(un)->devi_instance)
fbt:ssd:ssdstrategy:entry,
fbt:sd:sdstrategy:entry
{
 bstart[(struct buf \*)arg0] = timestamp;
}
fbt:ssd:ssdintr:entry,
fbt:sd:sdintr:entry
/ arg0 != 0 /
{
 this->buf = (struct buf \*)((struct scsi_pkt \*)arg0)->pkt_private;
}
fbt:ssd:ssdintr:entry,
fbt:sd:sdintr:entry
/ this->buf /
{
 this->priv = (struct sd_xbuf \*) this->buf->b_private;
}
fbt:ssd:ssdintr:entry,
fbt:sd:sdintr:entry
/ this->priv /
{
 this->un = this->priv->xb_un;
}
fbt:ssd:ssdintr:entry,
fbt:sd:sdintr:entry
/ this->buf && bstart[this->buf] && this->un /
{
 @l[DEV_NAME(this->un), DEV_INST(this->un)] =
 lquantize((timestamp - bstart[this->buf])/_PHONE_, 0,
 60000, 60000);
 @q[DEV_NAME(this->un), DEV_INST(this->un)] =
 quantize((timestamp - bstart[this->buf])/_PHONE_);
 bstart[this->buf] = 0;
}
The second required a little bit of mdb. Yes you can


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a text in database which is "computer-hardware". I used that code to split
 'string seperated by colons '-'
 Dim info As String = strcotegory
 Dim arInfo As String() = New String(3) {}
 'define which character is seperating fields
 Dim splitter As Char() = {"-"c}
 arInfo = info.Split(splitter)
 For x As Integer = 0 To arInfo.Length - 1
 Response.Write(arInfo(x) & " ")
but now I want to get "computer" in textbox1 and "hardware" in textbox2.
please guide me
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
If I understood you correctly, replace the For loop with the following lines of code:
textbox1.Text = arInfo(0)
textbox2.Text = arInfo(1)
By the way, initializing arInfo (... = New String(3) {}) is not necessary, since you overwrite the value of arInfo anyway (arInfo =...).
share|improve this answer
Your Answer