Figure 5.
Chromaticity diagrams of lungfish cone photoreceptor colour space. Calculations were made for juvenile (A, B) and adult (C, D) lungfish, both with (A, C) and without (B, D) the filtering effects of the yellow ellipsoidal and red oil droplet spectral filters in the MWS and LWS cones. The black star in each diagram is the achromatic point. Large spheres/circles are the body colours (brown, orange, red), rocks and sand substrate (grey) and macrophytes (green) shown in Figs. 4B, C. Small circles represent monochromatic loci at 5nm intervals across the lungfish-visible spectrum. Note the increased separation of the object reflectance spectra and the displacement of the monochromatic loci towards the vertices in both juveniles (B) and adults (D) with spectral filters, relative to the situation without the effects of spectral filters. See Fig. 2 for explanation of abbreviations.
Hart et al. BMC Ecology 2008 8:21 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-8-21
Download authors' original image


50KB) + Ladder the result output
data + Symbol&Comment data(5OKB)) this tool
RB3MES.SFM
Data for checking (This sample FILE
(Message file,
file is a normal data.
when
execute
for above OUTPUT
It is possible
to check
result
by comparing
and this file.) as the following (In this case the system is installed in marn
Execute body.)
(1
Please
key in the following
command. USERTEST.SFM FILE.ln RB3 RB3BASIC.SFM < return > is used.
A: Iy > CHGMES You can specify
RB3DUMMYSFM any name
for OUTPUT
this example,USERTEST.SFM
(2) Following
file is generated
on current (Message
drive.
USERTEST.SFM
data (50KB))
(3) Check If NO
the result by using FC/A(PC-DOS USERTEST.SFM ENCOUNTERED
COMMAND).
A: M > FC/A
RB3MES.SFM IS drsplayed. the result is correct.
DIFFERENCES
6.
ERROR MESSAGES
Message Meaning (pmc type) and countermeasure between applied
chgmes
: PMC type unmstch
PMC type does not match PMCs.
chgmes
: PMC type unmatch
(input file)
PMC type of input file and key in PMC type do not match.
chgmes
: PMC type unmatch
(compare
file)
PMC type of compare type do not match.
file and key in PMC
chgmes (compare
: Message
sizes of (input file) and
Message not agree. adding
size of input file and compare Please adjust the message
file do size by
ftle) are mismatched
some dummy confirm
message
to the input on the
file. Please compile chgmes
the MAP display
function
of FAPT LADDER. does not exist in the same
: Cannot
start ASC2lMG
ASC2lMG.EXE directory
of CHGMES.EXE.
A5-4
APPENDIX 5 TOOL FOR CHANGING MESSAGE DATA (CHGMES)
Message chgmes
Meaning IMG2ASC.EXE directory
and countermeasure does not exist in the same
: Cannol
start IMG2ASC
of CHGMES.EXE. to make temporary file.
chgmes $tmpd.t chgmes $tmwd.t chgmes
: Cannot : Cannot
make temporary
file
It is impossible
Disk is insufficient. make temporary file
. It is impossible
$tmp.tOO
to set the file name, exist.
because
-$tmp.t99
: Cannot
close file $tmpd
(w).t
Temporary Please
file can not be closed. the dtsk space. Please free up 235KB
check
asc2img
: Cannot
allocate
memory
(bytes)
Memory
is insufficient.
or more memory, asc2img conflicted asc2img
and re-activate.
: Conversion
area in Input is
Ladder Please
header re-make
of the input file is crushed. the input file, and re-activate. Please change
: Unknown
file type
Illegal format the format,
of the Input file. and re-activate.
asc2img
: (input file) : Record
No.*
has
There Please
is an invalid correct
data of input file. and
as error message,
reactivate. asc2lmg asc2img
: Cannot : Cannot
open file close file
There
is no input file. to close the file. the disk space. to write the temporary the disk space. Please free up 235KB file.
It is impossible Please check
asc2img
: Cannot
wnte
It is impossible Please check
Img2asc
: Cannot
allocate
memory
(bytes)
Memory
is insufficient.
or more memory, img2asc
and re-activate. to write the output file.
: Cannot
wrote
It IS impossible Please check
the disk space.
A5-5
APPENDIX 6 MEMORY CARD COMPATIBILITY (FOR THE PMC-RAl/RA3, NB, AND QC)
APPENDIX
6 MEMORY CARD COMPATIBILITY (FOR THE PMGRAl/RA3, NB, AND QC)
programmer operating on an upgraded program edition is used to output a sequence
If a CNC or off-line program to a memory operating
card, the sequence on an earlier edition
may not be able to be Input to a CNC or off-line
programmer
(see below).
Series
4080. edition
06 A08B-XXXX-J503. editions 01.1 and later
/ /
I I , I
, I
.&
,
:
,. .,
-,
II .,
Series Series Series
4080, editron 04 4047, edition 01 4054, edition 01 CNC
: Operating
on an upgraded
edrtion -f+ -- - - - -) : Unconditionally possible some condition
: Possible
under
: Operating
on an earlier
edition
Cases
ii) and (5) where
input.output
is possible
under some
condition,
are explained
below.
Cases 0) and (?! output Input : No special operatton IS required. to enter a sequence program
Use the BOOT SYSTEM
A6-1
APPENDIX
7 CAUTIONS
FOR USING THE O/S
APPENDIX
7 CAUTIONS
FOR USING THE O/S
(1) Windows 3.1 0 SMARTDRV.EXE
When SMARTDRV.EXE Enable write caching is used with write caching enabled, pay attention to the following: SMARTDRV.EXE
Be
careful
especially
when
the
AUTOEXEC.BAT
contains
command
line
of
SMARTDRV.EXE.
Wwtoml
When SMARTDRV.EXE
l
is used with write caching alarm occurs
enabled,
the following
symptom writer,
occurs. disabling
The following entry.
during a read from the PMC or FA/PMC
Alarm message
Received OVERRUN
data Invalid
(for the PC-9801) (for the IBM/PC and compatible)
[Measure] When SMARTDRV.EXE is used, disable write caching for the following disk drives:
a.
b.
Drive where Drive where
the FAPT LADDER ROM format
system
exists
files are created
Example)
When the FAPT LADDER created on drive B a b +
system
is on drive
A, and a ROM format
file is to be
SMARTDRV
disable
write caching
for drives
A and B
Refer
to the Microsoft
Windows
3.1 Function
Guide,
supplied
from
Microsoft,
for detailed
descriptions
about how to use SMARTDRV.EXE.
A7 - 1
APPENDIX
DATA TRANSFER
CABLES
APPENDIX
Use the cables
8 DATA TRANSFER
below to transfer
CABLES
ROM writer (FA writer or PMC writer),
data from a PC to a CNC,
or P-G (P-G Mark II or P-G Mate).
1.
For IBM PC/AT IBM PC/AT
25-pin female connector IBM PC/AT cable CNC, ROM writer, or P-G
2.
For IBM PSI2 IBM PS!2
CNC, ROM wnter,
or P-G
A8 - 1
APPENDIX
DATA TRANSFER
CABLES
On-line
cable
(AO8B-0031-K8OllK802)
2 SD RD 4
2 SD RD 4
RS
25-pin male connector cs ER DR CD
RS 5 cs 20 25-pin male connector
20
ER DR CD
7 7
SG
1 FG
1
SG FG
IBM PC/AT cable
1 CD 2 RD 3 SD g-pin female connector 4 ER 5
CD
3 RD 2 SD 20 ER 7 SG 6 6 DR 7 4 RS 8 5 cs 9 22 Cl 25-pin female connector
SG
OR RS
cs
Cl
A8-2
APPENDIX
INQUIRY
FORM
APPENDIX
Companv Person Address name in charqe
INQUIRY FORM
Section Phone Fax No. FANUC sales person No.
( (
1 )
No.
1 2 3 4
Product
name
Ordering
code
Version No.
Date of purchase
[Usage Machine DOS
environment] type used (PC) Version Yes (printer, I No etc.) and AUTOEXEC.BAT (Manufacturer: (Manufacturer: (Manufacturer: (Manufacturer: files on a sheet and attach it to this form. 1 1 1
MS-DOS
EMS board: Other equipment Please IDetails
print out the CONFIG.SYS of inquiry]
Please
use this form when you have any questlons
about
this product.
A9-1
Revision FAPT LADDER-II
Record MANUAL (Eb66184EN)
OPERATORS
. 456.6
f 4.5.10
02 Apri. 96 4.6.3.2 4.6.4.7
Backup of user pro ram IS added Selecttng On-Line ? unction from Off-Line Functton IS added Selecting Off-Line Function from On-Line Function IS added Displaylng System InformatIon is added
01
Jan. 96
Edition
Date
Contents
Edition
Date
Contents
EUROPEAN
HEADQUARTERS
- GRAND-DUCHk
DE LUXEMBOURG
GE Fanuc Automation Europe S.A. Zone Industrielle L6469 Echternach 4 (+352) 727979- 1 I (+352) 727979-214 BELGIUM / NETHERLANDS GE Fanuc Automation Europe S.A. - Netherlands Branch Postbus 7230 - NL.4800 GE Breda Minervum 1603A - NL.4817 ZL Breda 4 (+31) 765783 201 (CNC) = (+31) 765783 212 (PLC) I (+31) 765870 181 FRANCE GE Fanuc Automation France S.A. 45, rue du Bois Chaland Lisses F-91 029 Evry Cedex = (+33) 1 69 89 70 39 (CNC) 4 (+33)


text:
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped cup that fits over the opening to the cervix and prevents pregnancy.
For effective birth control, your diaphragm (see pictures below) has to fit well. Your doctor will measure your vagina to find the correct size and fit for you.
Your doctor or a nurse will teach you how to put the diaphragm in and take it out. You also should read the directions from the company that made your diaphragm
To be sure that you know how to use your diaphragm, you will need to practice putting it in and taking it out while you are in your doctor's office. Your doctor will check to see that the diaphragm fits right.
To lower your risk of getting pregnant, you must use your diaphragm correctly and use it every time you have sex. You must also use the diaphragm with spermicide (a gel or cream that kills sperm trying to enter the cervix) in order to prevent pregnancy. You can put the diaphragm in your vagina up to 1 hour before you have sex. Once in place, the diaphragm provides protection for 6 hours.
Getting Your Diaphragm Ready
Before you put the diaphragm in your vagina, put about 1 teaspoon of spermicidal gel or cream in the cup (see picture below). Smear some more gel around the rim of the diaphragm. Do not use petroleum jelly or oil-based vaginal creams (such as Monistat). These can make tiny holes in the diaphragm.
Inserting Your Diaphragm
You can put your diaphragm in while you are lying down, squatting or standing with one leg up on a chair. Your legs need to be fairly wide open. Bending your knees can help. Once you're in position, follow these steps:
- Use one hand to fold the diaphragm in half with the dome pointing down (see picture below). Hold your vagina open with your other hand.
- Put the diaphragm into your vagina, aiming for your tailbone (see picture below). Push the diaphragm as far back into your vagina as you can.
- Use one finger to push the front rim of the diaphragm up behind your pubic bone, aiming for your belly button.
Checking Placement of Your Diaphragm
With your finger, feel for your cervix through the dome of the diaphragm. The cervix will feel firm but not bony. It feels a bit like the tip of your nose.
If the diaphragm does not cover your cervix or if you cannot feel your cervix at all, the dome is not in the right place. This means that you need to remove the diaphragm, put more spermicidal gel on it, and insert it again.
The diaphragm should not fall out when you cough, squat down, sit on the toilet or walk around. If your diaphragm stays in place when you do these things, the front rim is most likely in the right place above the pubic bone (see picture below).
After You Have Sex
The following are some important points to remember after you have sex:
- Leave the diaphragm in place for at least 6 hours after you have sex.
- If you have sex again within 6 hours, put spermicidal gel in your vagina, but do not take your diaphragm out to put gel in the dome.
- Take the diaphragm out of your vagina 6 to 12 hours after you have sex.
- Do not leave the diaphragm in your vagina for more than 24 hours. Doing so can cause infection, irritation or even a complication called toxic shock syndrome.
- Do not douche while the diaphragm is in your vagina.
To remove the diaphragm, "hook" the front rim with your finger and pull down and out. Be careful not to tear a hole in the diaphragm with your fingernails. You should not wear your diaphragm during your menstrual period. You will need to use another method of contraception during this time.
Taking Care of Your Diaphragm
After you take the diaphragm out of your vagina, wash it with mild soap and water, rinse it and allow it to air dry. Always store your diaphragm in its container. Store the container in a cool, dry place, away from sunlight.
Check your diaphragm often for holes, tears or leaks. To do this, fill the dome with water and look for tiny leaks.
Replace your diaphragm after 1 to 2 years. Every year, your doctor should check to see that your diaphragm still fits correctly. You will need to be measured again if you have a baby, have pelvic surgery, or gain or lose more than 15 pounds.
When to Call Your Doctor
Call your doctor if you have any of the following problems:
- Trouble urinating, or painful or frequent urination
- Vaginal itching, discharge or discomfort
- High fever (which can be a sign of toxic shock syndrome)
You also should call your doctor if your diaphragm gets a hole in it or does not seem to fit right. If your diaphragm has any of these problems, it needs to be replaced. If you keep using it as is, you could increase your risk of getting pregnant.
Written by familydoctor.org editorial staff

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Google Drive Solution: 1:1 and Shared - This solution works well in both scenarios because students can quickly and easily login / logout of their Drive account on shared devices.
In a previous post I outlined how Google Drive and the Drive iPad app can be used to create student portfolios. The setup process I suggest is described below.
- Student creates a Portfolio folder.
- Student creates sub-folders for each course or topic within their Portfolio.
- Student shared either the entire Portfolio or specific sub-folders with the appropriate teacher. Folders can be shared with either editing or view-only access within Google Drive.
Documents: Students can create, edit and share Google Documents directly within the Drive app. Documents can then be organized and placed within specific folders in a student portfolio.
Images: Pictures can be taken directly in the Drive app and uploaded to a specific folder or images can be pulled from the camera roll. Use this feature in conjunction with image editing apps (Skitch), mindmapping apps or any app that exports to the camera roll.
Video: Video that is located in the camera roll can be uploaded within the Google Drive app. Use this feature in conjunction with ExplainEverything or iMovie to have students share video without having to publish their content to the web.
Evernote Solution: 1:1 and Shared - This solution works well in both scenarios because students can quickly and easily login / logout of their Evernote account on shared devices.
In a previous post, I outlined nearly every solution that Evernote provides with iPad use. Teachers and students can also use Evernote as a portfolio creation platform. The setup process I suggest is outlined below.
- Student creates a Portfolio Notebook (for a grade level or for individual courses)
- Student uses Evernote as a digital notebook platform and takes notes directly in their portfolio.
- Hand written notes can be taken with Penultimate or students can snap pictures of their hand written notes.
- Student writing or papers can be emailed to the student portfolio using the Evernote email address associated with the account. Further, documents can be emailed to a specific notebook using this trick.
- Screencasting Solutions:
- Explain Everything will export directly to Evernote.
- EduCreations will not export to Evernote, but a link to an EduCreations screencast can be placed in an Evernote note.
- Students can snap images of their work directly into a Evernote note, or images can be edited using Skitch and then sent to their Evernote Portfolio
Sharing an Evernote Portfolio: Once the portfolio is created, students can share the notebook with their teacher. An Evernote notebook can be shared directly to another Evernote user, and the shared notebook becomes viewable on any device.
Drawbacks to Evernote Portfolios:
- Student Age: While there is an Evernote for Schools program, many schools I have worked with have expressed concerns regarding the TOS for Evernote and having younger students make accounts.
- No Collaboration: With a free Evernote account, when a student creates and shared a Portfolio notebook, the collaborator has view only access.
Book Creator Solution: 1:1 - Because books are created and stored locally within the app on a particular iPad, I suggest using this solution for a strictly 1:1 setting or possibly with younger students who are using shared iPads.
Books created with Book Creator can include a combination of:
- Images - from the camera roll
- Recorded Audio
- Video - from the camera roll
Students can use Book Creator through the course of an entire year or throughout a course to slowly compile evidence of their learning and understanding. By using a combination of video (potentially from Explain Everything or iMovie), text, audio and images, students can create a dynamic and unique representation of their learning.
Advantages to Book Creator
- No login required to create
- Books can be exported as PDF (audio & video is lost)
- Books can be exported as iBooks
- Exporting options include any app that has an "open in feature", including:
- Google Drive
I'll be talking more about using iPads in the classroom this summer at the EdTechTeacher Summer Workshops in Boston, Chicago & Atlanta. Join us there!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
It's time to create new or re-design your websites to bring it to the next level.
In this article, we mention how to create a slider and set up the Unite Revolution Slider. Just scroll down and follow the instructions.
How to create a slider with Unite Revolution Slider
Step 1. Go to Components => Unite Revolution Slider.
Step 2. To create a new slider, just click on "New". After you finished configuring your new SLIDER, click on the "Save and Close" button.
Step 3. Click Edit slides.
Step 4. Just click the "New" button on top of the edit slides page. You've added a new slide to your slider.
How to set up the Unite Revolution Slider extension
Unite Revolution Slider allows you to put the slider on the HTML page. You can put one or more sliders on your web page.
Step 1. Please go to "Extensions" => "Module Manager". Next, publish the Unite Revolution Slider module.
Step 2. Click on a module which you want to edit.
Step 3. Select a Slider from the component.
Step 4. Select the module position and assign the module to pages under module assignment.
Step 5. Save and close. You're done!
Are you Web Freelancer or Web Design Company? Join our Club and Access our Resource!


Is There a Difference Between Bar Soap and Liquid Hand Wash?
By Claire CameronFeb 19, 2016 6:00 PM
Handwashing Bar Soap - Shutterstock
(Credit: Alliance/Shutterstock)
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Q: Is there any difference between washing our hands with bar soap or liquid hand wash? Would it be better if we wash with both soap and hand wash at the same time? — Rowena Kong, Vancouver, Canada
A: The debate over whether bar or liquid is best has been ongoing for decades, but a 2006 study nearly put an end to bar soap's clean credentials. It found that the more consistently wet the bar soaps were and the more they were used, the more potentially harmful microbes they hosted.
Counterintuitively, this is because of how soap works: When it mixes with water, the soap's fats break down and lather, increasing the solubility of what's on your skin, including bacteria. But water alone can't remove all bacteria, and since some water remains on the soap's surface after you've finished washing, some bacteria lingers in that water.
Luckily, soap is water soluble, so just rinsing the bar reduces bacteria on it. And there's nothing wrong with using it at home, where presumably fewer people (and their germs) will touch it. Still, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends people use liquid hand wash to minimize the risk of spreading harmful bacteria. Even though refilling liquid hand wash dispensers can turn them into potential havens for microbes, liquid still trumps bar in the CDC's eyes. That's because people can either dispose of the dispensers or thoroughly clean them before refilling, decreasing the chance they'll harbor bacteria.
As for mixing the two, CDC spokeswoman Brittany Behm says, "We don't think there is any reason to use both bar and liquid soap simultaneously." So stick to the soap you like best.
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text:
In Can HCH epistemically dominate Ramanujan? Alex Zhu wrote:
If HCH is ascription universal, then it should be able to epistemically dominate an AI theorem-prover that reasons similarly to how Ramanujan reasoned. But I don't currently have any intuitions as to why explicit verbal breakdowns of reasoning should be able to replicate the intuitions that generated Ramanujan's results (or any style of reasoning employed by any mathematician since Ramanujan, for that matter).
And I answered:
My guess is that HCH has to reverse engineer the theorem prover, figure out how/why it works, and then reproduce the same kind of reasoning.
And then I followed up my own comment with:
It occurs to me that if the overseer understands everything that the ML model (that it's training) is doing, and the training is via some kind of local optimization algorithm like gradient descent, the overseer is essentially manually programming the ML model by gradually nudging it from some initial (e.g., random) point in configuration space.
No one answered my comments with either a confirmation or denial, as to whether these guesses of how to understand Universality / Informed Oversight and IDA are correct. I'm surfacing this question as a top-level post because if "Informed Oversight = reverse engineering" and "IDA = programming by nudging" are good analogies for understanding Informed Oversight and IDA, it seems to have pretty significant implications.
In particular it seems to imply that there's not much hope for IDA to be competitive with ML-in-general, because if IDA is analogous to a highly constrained method of "manual" programming, that seems unlikely to be competitive with less constrained methods of "manual" programming (i.e., AIs designing and programming more advanced AIs in more general ways, similar to how humans do most programming today), which itself is presumably not competitive with general (unconstrained-by-safety) ML (otherwise ML would not be the competitive benchmark).
If these are not good ways to understand IO and IDA, can someone please point out why?


1. WeatherSpark.com
 2. United States
 3. Tennessee
 4. Carthage
 5. August
Average Weather in August in Carthage Tennessee, United States
Daily high temperatures decrease by 2°F, from 88°F to 86°F, rarely falling below 79°F or exceeding 95°F.
Daily low temperatures decrease by 3°F, from 69°F to 65°F, rarely falling below 58°F or exceeding 74°F.
For reference, on July 21, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Carthage typically range from 69°F to 89°F, while on January 29, the coldest day of the year, they range from 30°F to 47°F.
Average High and Low Temperature in August
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on August. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.
Average Hourly Temperature in August
Average Hourly Temperature in August in Carthage18152229112233445566778899101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030313112 AM4 AM8 AM12 PM4 PM8 PM12 AMJulSepcoolcoolcomfortablecomfortablewarmhot
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
Polýkastro, Greece (5,449 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Carthage (view comparison).
Clouds
The month of August in Carthage experiences essentially constant cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy remaining about 33% throughout the month.
The clearest day of the month is August 26, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 68% of the time.
For reference, on January 3, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 57%, while on September 21, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 68%.
Cloud Cover Categories in August
Cloud Cover Categories in August in Carthage1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%JulSepAug 166%Aug 166%Aug 3167%Aug 3167%Aug 1167%Aug 1167%Aug 2167%Aug 2167%clearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
Precipitation
A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Carthage, the chance of a wet day over the course of August is decreasing, starting the month at 35% and ending it at 30%.
For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 43% on June 30, and its lowest chance is 23% on October 12.
Probability of Precipitation in August
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Rainfall
To show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.
The average sliding 31-day rainfall during August in Carthage is gradually decreasing, starting the month at 3.2 inches, when it rarely exceeds 5.2 inches or falls below 1.4 inches, and ending the month at 2.9 inches, when it rarely exceeds 5.3 inches or falls below 1.0 inches.
The lowest average 31-day accumulation is 2.9 inches on August 24.
Average Monthly Rainfall in August
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average liquid-equivalent snowfall.
Sun
Over the course of August in Carthage, the length of the day is rapidly decreasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day decreases by 1 hour, 0 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 2 minutes, 0 seconds, and weekly decrease of 14 minutes, 0 seconds.
The shortest day of the month is August 31, with 12 hours, 59 minutes of daylight and the longest day is August 1, with 13 hours, 59 minutes of daylight.
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in August
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in August in Carthage1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hrJulSepnightnightdaydayAug 113 hr, 59 minAug 113 hr, 59 minAug 3112 hr, 59 minAug 3112 hr, 59 min
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
The earliest sunrise of the month in Carthage is 5:50 AM on August 1 and the latest sunrise is 24 minutes later at 6:14 AM on August 31.
The latest sunset is 7:49 PM on August 1 and the earliest sunset is 36 minutes earlier at 7:13 PM on August 31.
Daylight saving time is observed in Carthage during 2019, but it neither starts nor ends during August, so the entire month is in daylight saving time.
For reference, on June 21, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:26 AM and sets 14 hours, 38 minutes later, at 8:04 PM, while on December 22, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 6:51 AM and sets 9 hours, 41 minutes later, at 4:32 PM.
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in August
The solar day over the course of August. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.
Humidity
We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.
The chance that a given day will be muggy in Carthage is rapidly decreasing during August, falling from 82% to 65% over the course of the month.
For reference, on July 24, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 85% of the time, while on January 23, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.
Humidity Comfort Levels in August
Humidity Comfort Levels in August in Carthage1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%JulSepAug 182%Aug 182%Aug 3165%Aug 3165%Aug 1178%Aug 1178%Aug 2174%Aug 2174%oppressiveoppressivemuggymuggyhumidhumiddrydrymiserablemiserable
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
Wind
This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.
The average hourly wind speed in Carthage is essentially constant during August, remaining within 0.2 miles per hour of 4.4 miles per hour throughout.
For reference, on February 25, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 7.7 miles per hour, while on July 30, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 4.3 miles per hour.
Average Wind Speed in August
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
The hourly average wind direction in Carthage throughout August is predominantly from the south, with a peak proportion of 34% on August 31.
Wind Direction in August
Wind Direction in August in CarthageSWS1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%JulSepwestsoutheastnorth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).
Growing Season
Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but


e (a path to the shortcut icon) gpo: shortcut settings
 5. If you have selected to place the shortcut on the Desktop of the current user (Location = Desktop), check the Run in logged-on user's security context (user policy option) on the Common tab;Run in logged-on user's security context (user policy option)
 6. If you want to create a shortcut for specific users only, add their accounts to a separate AD domain group. Then you can use Group Policy Targeting to deploy a shortcut to members of that security group. Enable the Item-level targeting and click the Targeting button. Select New Item -> Security Group and choose the domain group. As a result, the application shortcut will appear only for users added to the specified Active Directory security group;
 7. If you want to create an app shortcut in the Public profile (for all computer users), select Location = All User Desktop (disable the "Run in logged-on user's security context" option since non-admin users do not have the permissions to modify the Public profile);
 8. Save the changes. Note that Desktop (%DesktopDir%) and All User Desktop (%CommonDesktopDir%) environment variables are displayed in the GPO console;create several shortcuts with environment variables using gpo
 9. Update the policies on your clients (gpupdate /force or by logoff/logon). If you have linked a GPO to an Organizational Unit containing computer objects (instead of users), you must also enable the GPO loopback option. Set Configure user Group Policy loopback processing mode = Merge in Computer Configuration -> Policies -> Administrative Templates -> System -> Group Policy. enable Group Policy loopback processing mode
 10. After the policies have been updated, a user will see a new shortcut on the desktop;
 new shortcut appeared on the user's desctop
You can add multiple rules to creating app shortcuts for different groups of users, computers or OUs in a single GPO (you can set different criteria of applying a shortcut policy using GPP Item Level Targeting).
Let's add the Logoff shortcut (with the shutdown.exe command) to the desktops of all users to let them quickly end their session.
Create a new policy item with the following settings:
 1. Name = "Log Off
 2. Location = "All Users Desktop
 3. Target Path = C:\Windows\System32\logoff.exe or C:\Windows\System32\shutdown.exe /l
 4. Icon File Path = %SystemRoot%\System32\SHELL32.dll
 (Use the standard library with the commonly used Windows icons. Select the icon you want in the DLL file. Its index will appear in the Icon Index field.) assign shortcut icon file
Using Group Policies, you can also configure the same Start Menu and Taskbar layout for all users in the way you want.
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How to Downgrade Windows Server Datacenter to Standard Edition _URL_ _URL_ Thu, 21 Jan 2021 03:00:00 +0000 _URL_ When analyzing the server licenses used in our corporate network (with a KMS server deployed) we found that a more expensive Windows Server Datacenter edition is installed on one of the host. At the same time the server does not use Datacenter features such as virtualization, S2D, Azure Stack, Storage Replica, etc. We had to change (downgrade) the installed Windows Server 2016 Datacenter to Standard edition to save money. We did not consider clean Windows Server reinstallation, because some roles are already configured, and additional software with hardware-related licenses had been installed on the server.
Windows Server 2016 Datacenter downgrade
Although Microsoft supports only Windows Server edition upgrade using DISM (see the post on how to convert Windows Server Evaluation to licensed version), you can also perform a reverse procedure and downgrade the Datacenter edition to Standard one keeping all current settings, installed roles and apps.
Important! Officially Microsoft does not support the downgrade of a higher Windows Server edition to a lower one. The officially recommended method is a clean OS installation. So you may follow the steps described below at your own risk.
We strongly recommend to backup your operating system image before performing a downgrade (at least through Windows Server Backup).
Also be very careful when downgrading a Windows Server with the ADDS domain controller role installed. It is better to transfer the FSMO roles and demote it from a DC to domain-member server (before you do it, backup your domain controller and you can restore the DC from a backup in case of any issues).
 1. On a running Windows Server 2016 Datacenter, open the Registry Editor and go to reg key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion;
 2. Check the values of the following REG_SZ parameters: EditionID = ServerDatacenter, ProductName = Windows Server 2016 Datacenter;
 3. Change the values as follows: EditionID to ServerStandardProductName to Windows Server 2016 Standardcheck the EditionID and ProductName on windows server datacenter
 4. Close the rgedit.exe;
 5. Mount the installation Windows Server 2016 ISO image and run the setup wizard (setup.exe)run windows server 2016 setup wizard
 6. When selecting the install options in the Windows Server Setup window, select Upgrade and Windows Server 2016 Standard (Desktop Experience) edition; select windows server standard edition downgrade to
 7. Check the option Keep personal files and appsupdate windows server edition - option Keep personal files and apps
 8. Click on the Confirm button for items found. In my case, the first item said that a Windows Server upgrade is not recommended, and it was better to clean install the OS, and the second one said that PnP and RemoteFX USB device redirection were disabled in this Windows version by default; windows server upgrade is not recommended
 9. Start the Windows Server update. Wait till it is over and after several restarts make sure that Windows 2016 Standard edition is now running on the host. Downgrade windows server 2016 from datacenter to standard
This downgrade method should work for all supported Windows Server versions (2012R2/2016/2019). Also you can use it to downgrade and update the version, for example from Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter to Windows Server 2019 Standard (although it is not recommended either).
]]>
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How to Restore Active Directory from a Backup _URL_ _URL_ Tue, 19 Jan 2021 03:00:00 +0000 _URL_ In this post we'll show how you to restore a Active Directory domain controller from a System State backup created earlier (see the post Active Directory backup) and discuss the types and principles of AD DC recovery.
Suppose, your AD domain controller has failed, and you want to restore it from a backup copy. Before you start to restore your DC, you must understand which scenario to use. It depends on whether you have other domain controllers in your network and the health of the Active Directory database on them.
How to Restore a Domain Controller Using Replication?
DC recovery through standard AD replication is not quite a restoration of a DC from a backup. You can use this scenario if you have multiple domain controllers in your enterprise network, and all of them are operable. This scenario involves new server installation with its further promotion to a new ADDS domain controller on the same site. The old DC is simply removed from AD.
It is the easiest way that is not related to any irreversible AD changes. In this scenario, the ntds.dit database, GPO files and the contents of the SYSVOL folder will be automatically replicated to the new domain controller from the DCs that have stayed online.
If the ADDS database is small and another DC is available over a high-speed network link, the method described above is faster than to restore a DC from a backup copy.
Active Directory Restore Types: Authoritative & Non-Authoritative
There are two types of Active Directory DC restore from a backup that you must clearly understand prior you try to do it:
 - Authoritative Restore — after you have restored your AD objects, the replication is performed from the restored DC to all other domain controllers. This restore type is used in the scenarios when a single DC or all DCs have failed at the same time (for example, after a ransomware or virus attack) or a damaged NTDS.DIT database was replicated across a domain. In this mode the USN (Update Sequence Number) value of all restored AD objects is increased by 100,000. Thus, DCs will see all restored objects as newer ones and they will be replicated in the domain. Use the Authoritative Restore very carefully! As the Authoritative Restore you will lose most AD changes made after you have created your backup (AD group membership, Exchange attributes, etc.).
 - Non-authoritative Restore — after you have restored your AD database, the controller informs other DCs that it has been restored from a backup and needs the latest AD changes (a new DSA Invocation ID is created for the DC). You can use this recovery method on remote sites when it is hard to quickly replicate a large AD database through a slow WAN channel or if you had some important data or apps on your server.
Restore Active Directory Domain Controller from a System State Backup
Suppose, you have only one DC in your domain.


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The Sunda flying lemur [Galeopterus variegates], also known as the Malayan flying lemur, is a species of colugo, tree-dwelling mammal. The Sunda flying lemur is found throughout Southeast Asia in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore.
The Sunda flying lemur is not a lemur and does not fly. Instead, it glides as it leaps among trees. It is strictly arboreal, is active at night, and feeds on soft plant parts such as young leaves, shoots, flowers, and fruits. It is a forest-dependent species. The Sunda flying lemur mainly forages in tree canopies. The Sunda flying lemur can also be seen licking tree bark of selected tree species to obtain water, nutrients, salts and minerals.
After a 60-day gestation period, a single offspring is carried on the mother's abdomen held by a large skin membrane.
Photos: SZoo, Singapore 20040523


I am in the process of finalizing an academic research paper and I am struggling to identify the correct hyphenation for the title:
Option 1: Adaptive Chirplet Transform-Based Machine Learning for P300 Brainwave Classification
Option 2: Adaptive Chirplet Transform Based Machine Learning for P300 Brainwave Classification
I have attempted to ascertain the correct or acceptable version of the title based on other academic papers that have a similar phrasing, but it seems as though both are commonly used.
Is one more correct than the other? For reference, I am at a Canadian University submitting to a conference hosted in Malaysia run by an international professional association (the IEEE).
'Machine learning' is modified by a two-word adjective. An adjective consisting of two or more words is called a compound adjective, and the individual components have to be joined with a hyphen.
'Transform-based' i.e. option #1 is the correct choice.
 - … except that it's actually a four-word adjective (see my answer). – Wrzlprmft Sep 3 '20 at 6:26
First of all, just so we are on the same page, you are doing machine learning that is based on a chirplet transformation, which is adaptive, right? I am asking this because for spelling (and understanding your actual writing) it is crucial to see which parts of your construct actually specify which other parts. Another way to see this is to bracket everything as much as possible. I here understand the correct bracketing to be:
{[Adaptive (Chirplet Transform)] Based} Machine Learning
So, the chirplet transform is adaptive, the entire thing describes based which in turn describes machine learning. Now, a simple rule of thumb is this: If any bracket closes before the end of the subject or object, everything within that bracket has to be hyphenated – unless it's an adverb ending on ly or a proper name. Here, the curly braces close before Machine Learning, and thus everything inside has to be hyphenated:
Adaptive-Chirplet-Transform-Based Machine Learning
That is of course very difficult to read (and not just because of the hyphens), so I suggest to change it to:
P300 Brainwave Classification with Machine Learning based on the Adaptive Chirplet Transform
Your Answer


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Governor signs Van Werven legislation related to the release of sensitive fish and wildlife data
A measure sponsored by Rep. Luanne Van Werven that will require release of sensitive fish and wildlife data to be subject to a confidentiality agreement was recently signed by the governor.
House Bill 2307 will help protect important information related to wildlife locations, land management, catch data, scientific research and private property.
"I am a legislative member of the Sunshine Committee and it was brought to the committee's attention that the law pertaining to the release of sensitive fish and wildlife data needed to be tightened," said Van Werven, R-Lynden. "The release of sensitive information to the general public could result in damaging or destructive situations, such as trespassing, potential harm to sensitive species, and putting small forest landowners at a business disadvantage."
Van Werven drafted legislation to address the concern. Many organizations and agencies testified in favor of the bill, including the Citizens Alliance for Property Rights (CAPR), the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Washington Forest Protection Association.
"This law will encourage working forest landowners to be partners in species recovery, as it allows them to share data with researchers and resource managers, knowing it will be kept confidential," Van Werven said.
The Legislature adjourned March 8.
###Washington State House Republican Communications

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The Folk Art Collection of Elie Nadelman: Making it Modern
The Nadelmans' acquisitions spanned a wide geographic range and a great variety of media—furniture, sculpture, paintings, ceramics, glass, iron, pewter, drawings, watercolors and household tools. Beginning in 1926, they displayed the collection in their Museum of Folk and Peasant Arts, built on their estate in Riverdale, New York. The first museum in the United States devoted exclusively to folk art, it was also the first in the world to focus on the European origins of American folk art. In 1937, the New-York Historical Society purchased most of the collection, which the couple were forced to sell due to financial reversals suffered during the Depression.
Making it Modern will showcase approximately 100 objects displayed in groupings akin to those devised by the Nadelmans in their museum. The majority will be drawn from New-York Historical's holdings, supplemented by a few key loans. Several examples of Nadelman's "modern" sculpture will help to explore the influence of folk art on the artist's own oeuvre.
Available beginning fall 2015
A fully illustrated catalogue with provocative essays and entries will accompany the exhibition.
For more information, please e-mail _EMAIL_


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Mac 101: Adjusting your mouse and trackpad speed
If you've ever used the trackpad on a PC laptop connected to an external monitor and noticed how many times you have to swipe your finger across the pad to get the mouse cursor from one screen to the other, the end result can be quite frustrating and tiresome. Of course, the same thing can easily happen if you hook up an external display to your MacBook or iMac, although it usually is not as obvious thanks to the larger surface area that Apple has designed into recent trackpads. Luckily, this can be easily corrected on any Mac in just a few simple clicks.
Before we dive into the settings, though, let's talk about what is causing this to happen in the first place. Although we often take it for granted, one of the most astonishing aspects of using a mouse with a computer is the fact that you only have to move your hand by a couple of inches, while the pointer on the screen moves from one end of the screen to the other -- even if the screen is over 20" wide. This feat is accomplished by a simple mathematical conversion being done in the background that measures the distance the mouse (or your finger, if using a trackpad) moves and multiplies that by a specific factor to determine how far -- and in what direction -- to move the cursor on the screen.
Read on to find out how to give your mouse (or trackpad) a speed boost.
This factor is called the Tracking Speed, and it can easily be adjusted to your liking. You'll want to start by opening the System Preferences application. If you often switch between using a mouse and a trackpad, you'll be pleased to know that OS X allows you to set separate tracking speeds (as well as several other settings) for mice and trackpads, so you won't have to update your settings whenever you change devices.
The settings for the mouse can be found under the Mouse preference panel, and they are pretty straightforward:
To adjust the tracking speed, simply drag the slider at the top left of the window to the left to lower the speed, or to the right to increase it. Slower tracking speeds give you more control over the mouse pointer, but the pointer will not move as far and may require you to reposition the mouse on the pad if you are attempting to move your pointer very far on the screen. Higher speeds will allow the pointer to easily move from one end of the screen to the other, but it will make it more difficult to constrain the pointer to a small area of the screen, which may be troublesome for detail-oriented work such as working with images. You can easily experiment with the effects here; the pointer will immediately follow the new tracking speed when the slider is changed, so move the mouse around and see how it feels. If the pointer jumps around too much, drag the slider to the left a notch or two and try it out again. If it feels sluggish, drag it to the right.
There are some other settings here that control other speed factors, such as how far a page scrolls when you scroll using the wheel, ball or buttons on your mouse, and how rapidly you must click the mouse for the computer to recognize a double click.
If you're configuring a Magic Trackpad, there are many more options available, but the same basics apply. The tracking speed will not affect the speed of your gestures, it just affects the cursor speed when using the trackpad as a pointer.
Deals of the Daymore deals
Software Updatesmore updates
- Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Update 14.3.4
- Pixelmator 2.2 available with over 100 new features and improvements
- DabKick for iPhone lets you share photos, watch videos and now listen to music in real-time
- Google Now added to search app on iPhone, iPad
- GateGuru for iPhone has been updated and greatly improved
- Twitter updates its OS X client


text:
True / False Flags
I'm still pretty busy, but yesterday I spent the whole day doing this DIY project for my practicum, so I just wanted to share what I made with you.
I had to hold a class to 6th graders and I wanted to amp it up a bit because the topic wasn't very interesting. Therefore, I decided to create these true / false flags for the students to use during a typical true/false activity. I read some statements connected to the text we were working on and they had to raise a "T" flag if a statement was correct and an "F" flag if it was false. They were ecstatic when they saw the flags, so if you have some free time, try spending it on creating them, your students will love you and you'll be able to reuse them for sure.
So, you'll need the following:
- some long and thick straws in two colors
- some paper in two colors
Cut the straws in half. The easiest and fastest way to do that is to measure the first one and then just use already cut one as a stencil.
Cut the paper in half, so that you get two long pieces. You can also use the first one as a stencil.
Fold the paper in half, put some glue in the middle, and put a straw on it.
Put some more glue on one side of the paper, fold the rest over and stick together.
Write "T" on one color flags and "F" on another ones. And that's it!
I hope this helps and would like to see your recreations if you try it out. :)


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Quantum system can emit only photons with energy equal (within the uncertainty) to the difference between two energy states.
Even if the atom is in a superposition of energy states
\left|\Psi\right> = C_0 \left|0\right> + C_1 \left|1\right> + C_2 \left|2\right> + \ldots \qquad (1)
with average energy somewhere between the levels, it can emit only certain set of photons: $E_1 - E_0$, $E_2 - E_0$, $E_2 - E_1$ etc.
Emission of a photon is an act of measurement since the energy of the emitted particle contains information about the atom. If the energy of the photon is $E_2 - E_1$ then the energy of the electron in the atom is $E_1$ - the energy of the final state of the transition. The next photon emitted by this atom will have energy equal to $E_1 - E_0$ for sure.
If one observe photons emitted by an ensemble of atoms in state (1) he will see $E_1 - E_0$ photons with probability $\left|C_1\right|^2$, any of $E_2 - E_0$ and $E_2 - E_1$ with probability $\left|C_2\right|^2$ and so on.
The total energy emitted by the system while it is coming to ground state is equal to average energy of state (1) multiplied by the number of atoms in the ensemble.
Energy conservation is not violated.
The same is true for mixed states for which the probability of certain photon is determined by the density matrix of the system.


Speculative Evolution Wiki
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The Moonspider, Galeodes luna, is a dark-colored, vicious, nocturnal galeodid sun spider from the lowlands of Skull Island. It measures 6-8 inches long.
Night on the ground on Skull Island is a dangerous time and place to be if you are small. Among the invertebrate predators, few have mouthparts that can compete with those of the moonspider. A variety of sun spider, not a true spider, the ten-legged moonspider sports huge crushing scissor chelicerae and paralytic venom to make short work of its prey. Rodents (namely Skull Island Rats), lizards, small ground birds, and even non-avian dinosaur chicks are potential victims. A bite from the sizable arachnid can cause significant discomfort to even an adult non-avian dinosaur. Moonspiders hunt at night to avoid becoming prey to diurnal birds and other large hunters.
Dirty Tricks[]
A particularly nasty tactic developed by moonspiders is to wait near dinosaur nests just as young are hatching. Tuned to pick up the faint scent of egg matter on a night breeze that might indicate the early stages of a hatching, moonspiders are drawn to nests where young are still struggling to free themselves from their shells. In this vulnerable state they are easy prey for the invertebrate.
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text:
4-H Animal Science Needs Assessment Priorities
The 4-H Youth Animal Science Livestock Team has established priorities base on a priority setting model that divides issues into Low Difficulty, High Difficulty, Low Impact, and High Impact. The team will focus for the next year on the High Impact, Low Difficulty programming issues that follow.
High Impact, Low Difficulty Programming:
- Basic Production Livestock Practices:
- Basic Education for first time families and leaders including an activity for parents and youth that address the issue that the market animal is going to be processed for meat and that the animal will die.
- Helping leaders focus on life skills
- Focus showmanship as a life skills activity taught by teens.
- Quality Assurance…simplified version.
- Ownership and knowledge of real life animal prices
- Youth leaning marketing skills (and life skills) though their livestock project.
- Finishing techniques and feeds and feeding
- Fact sheet for junior livestock auctions about market floor prices, meat processors, packing plants (wholesale), and animal finishing feed lots.
- Marketing the 4-H livestock program to councils, fair boards, and associations as a life skills and career building program. (There appears to be a disconnect between the 4-H livestock program and some agriculture groups.)
- Contact/resources list of judges and animal science faculty
- On line livestock records that can be filled out on line and printed.
- Disease outbreak updates for youth audiences
- Public safety…hand washing, signage
- Fair education, Schools for judges and superintendents…encourage judges to participate in the "300" Extension livestock courses at WSU. Provide the Fairs Association a list of topics as QA and biosecurity that Extension Faculty could provide at the superintendent workshops, annual association meeting, and in the fair's newsletter.
- More online educational modules
- Face to Face livestock education programs at forum, district meetings and Program days
Low Impact, Low Difficulty programming:
- Information about local and/or accepted feed substitutes in including the value of grass feed cattle
- Showing grass fed cattle in 4-H classes.
- USDA harvest units for small animals…goats, poultry, rabbits (Oregon and WSU small farm group is working on this issue…we need to work with these groups.)
High Difficulty, High Impact Programming;
- Point person in each district to support animal science,
- QA train the trainers, and Master livestock advisors
WSU Football is partnering with 4-H on September 19!
WSU vs. Southern Methodist, Martin Stadium
Special reduced priced game tickets are available through the "group Ticket Window" until August 30, 2009. Sideline reserved Seats $27, End Zone Reserved Seats $13. For a flyer with ordering information go to _URL_
4-H will be recognized at the game and have a reserved cheering section. 4-Hers can also participate in an exceptional outing called "Future Cougar Day".
Future Cougar Day is a great way to learn more about WSU's world-class academics, experience the campus atmosphere, and, of course, cheer for the Cougars at a home football game.
Come to Pullman and campus on September 19, 2009 and be a part of the Cougar family for the day.
- Visit with faculty at the academic fair.
- Take a tour of campus.
- Learn more about academic areas that interest you.
- Enjoy a pre-game barbeque.
- Join in the traditional "Go Cougs!" cheer at a WSU home football game.
I encourage you to support 4-H and WSU by buying your tickets today. I'll see you there!
4-H Council Meeting Deadline Approaches
The deadline for recommendations to the Washington State 4-H Council is September 1, 2009. C0985, WA State 4-H Council Recommendation Form, may be ordered from WSU Extension Publishing and Printing by calling _PHONE_; or the form is available online at: _URL_
Recommendations are an important way for 4-H volunteers to suggest changes and improvements to the 4-H program. Recommendations should go through a process at the local county level to refine and approve them before being signed by County Council Presidents and 4-H staff.
Mail your completed and signed recommendations to:
WSU 401 Hulbert Hall
PO Box 626248
Pullman WA 99164-6248
This year's State 4-H Council Meeting will be held Sunday, October 18 at the Great Wolf Lodge, Grand Mound, as part of the State 4-H Forum, October 16-18. Watch for registration information online at: _URL_
The Council meeting is a chance for 4-H youth and volunteers to discuss issues critical to 4-H, suggest changes in the Washington State 4-H Youth Development Program, and elect representatives to the State 4-H Advisory Board and State 4-H Fair Board. All youth and adults may participate in the committee meetings. Registration material for the Council meeting will be included with the State 4-H Forum registration brochure. A complete agenda and copies of submitted recommendations and applications will be sent to county offices prior to the Council meeting.
The State 4-H Council Meeting is made up of 3 parts: district caucuses, committee meetings, and a general council session. During the district caucuses representatives are elected to the State 4-H Advisory Board and State 4-H Fair Board of Trustees. County-designated voting delegates will elect representatives from their own district. This is also an opportunity to discuss and plan district programming for the future.
The committee meetings are a chance to discuss recommendations from the counties for improvements to the 4-H program. If a committee doesn't have many recommendations or finishes early, it is a great chance to discuss project issues and plan for the upcoming 4-H year.
At the general session each of the committee actions on recommendations are accepted or rejected. The accepted recommendations then go on to the State 4-H Fair Board, State 4-H Advisory Board, statewide committees, or State 4-H Staff for approval. The State 4-H Program Director has final approval of all recommendations. In general, approved recommendations will be implemented October 1 of the following 4-H year.
Outstanding County Volunteer Awards
Each county may submit an outstanding volunteer to be honored at this years' Forum. Counties are encouraged to send a poster or display about the volunteer. Please submit the Outstanding County Leader form and electronic picture of the volunteer no later than September 15, 2009 to Joy Faerber at _EMAIL_. Forms can be found on the 4-H website at: _URL_
Once again this year the State 4-H Forum will feature both live and silent auctions. The live auction will take place on Saturday evening, October 17, 2009.
Be sure to fill out the form completely and mail or email it to the Grays Harbor County Extension Office. DO NOT mail the auction item to Grays Harbor County - bring it with you to the Forum. The Auction Form can be found on the State Forum website: _URL_
The auction is a great way to make money for your county 4-H program. The profits from the auction are divided between the 4-H entity that donated it and the State 4-H Advisory Board. More details about this division are on the donation form. Be sure to mail in your donation forms by September 30, 2009, so that your items may be included in the auction catalog.
APHIS Factsheet on County and State Fairs
--Submitted by Pat BoyEs
This APHIS factsheet may be of assistance to you in approaching your county fair or perhaps planning for your 2010 fair.
MiTTNet Launch Successful!
--Submitted by Pat BoyEs
The Managing in Tough Times resource directory, MiTTNet, officially launched July 30, 2009. The directory can be accessed at: _URL_. It is fully searchable and nearly 900 resources can be found in individual and family, farm and ranch, community, and youth topic areas. A national web conference to announce MiTTNet, to demonstrate the site and highlight its contents was held on July 30. For those who could not attend, the web conference can be viewed at: _URL_
To learn more about Managing in Tough Times contact Lyla Houglum at _EMAIL_, Jane Schuchardt at _EMAIL_, or Tom Coon, ECOP Programs Sub-Committee and Michigan State University Extension Director, _EMAIL_.
Job Opportunity, Iowa State University
--Submitted by Pat BoyEs
Iowa State University, one of the nation's leading land-grant universities, invites applications for the associate dean of the College of Human Sciences Extension and Outreach to Families and 4-H Youth Development.
Just a Reminder!
When you have new Extension staff that will be working in some capacity with 4-H, please let Nancy in the State 4-H Office know. They will be added to mailing lists, added to the 4-H Talk list serve, sent a 4-H Welcome Packet, and be assigned a state 4-H staff person as a point of contact, as appropriate. 4-H News is sent via the 4-H Talk list serve each week. Archived copies of previous weeks "Tuesday 4-H News" are available on the 4-H web site: _URL_ Please send submissions by Friday of each


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For reasons that I no longer remember I found myself looking at the murder rate page on Wikipedia. Looking at some of the patterns in a few of the safer countries I realized that I could estimate their populations based on their homicide rates.
Is that wrong?
Here's a squished down copy of the bottom of that chart, showing homicides per 100,000 people per year. Can you see the patterns?
There are only two numbers for Monaco – 0.00 and 3.1. It seems likely that this corresponds to years with no murders and years with one. Therefore that suggests that Monaco has a population of 100,000 / 3.1 = ~32,000
Iceland's numbers generally appear to be multiples of 0.34 to 0.35, with the recent numbers being 0.31. That suggests that the years with a murder rate of 0.31 and 0.35 represent one murder, o.65 represents two, 1.02 and 1.03 represent three, and so on. The declining rate for single-murder years suggests that the population has increased over the years, and is now about 100,000 / 0.31 = ~320,000
Bahrain's numbers are a bit messier, especially the 0.94 in 2006. However the rest of them appear to be multiples of 0.11. That would give us a population of 100,000 / 0.11 = 910,000.
How'd we do? On the three countries with small enough populations and low enough murder rates to give us a plausible signal-to-noise ratio, two answers were quite good, and one was mediocre. I didn't try any others.
|Country||Estimated population||Actual Population||Error|
The common divisor for Bahrain, given its population, 'should' have been about 0.081, rather than 0.11, but I can't see that in the numbers. That could indicate dirty data, or a rapidly changing population.


Update: Ghana-La Côte D'Ivoire Maritime Boundary Dispute
csm_AQ_ITLOS_Wallocha_280315__27__148b10dd7dOn 23rd September 2017, the Special Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) will deliver its judgment in the Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean (Ghana/Côte d'Ivoire)[1].
Hearings in respect of the substantive matter commenced on 6 February 2017 and ended on 16 February 2017.
Judge Boualem Bouguetaia, the President of the Special Chamber constituted to deal with the dispute presided over the hearing. Rüdiger Wolfrum, Germany, and Jin-Hyun Paik, the Republic of Korea are the other judges on the panel hearing the case. Ad hoc judges Thomas Mensah, Ghana, and Ronny Abraham, France, were selected by Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire, respectively, pursuant to the rules of the ITLOS.
Ahead of that, here is a summary of the key issues involved in the dispute.
What is the dispute about?
La Côte d'Ivoire is claiming that Ghana has undertaken and continues to undertake oil exploration activities in its waters. Ghana denies that. Ghana argues that all of its oil exploration activities are within Ghana's territorial waters.
 Beneath the claims lies the question as to whether there is an established maritime boundary between the two states. Whereas Ghana argues that a customary equidistance boundary line should be used in determining the maritime boundary, La Côte d'Ivoire is urging on the Tribunal a bisector approach.
What is Ghana's position?
AT_ITLOS_Schiller_090217__B___800x534_Ghana argues that there is not dispute around the fact that there has been no formal attempt at delimiting the maritime boundaries between Ghana and La Côte d'Ivoire. Ghana, however, asserts that for about half of a century both states had mutually recognised and agreed that their maritime boundary was established on the basis of the equidistance rule. Ghana also asserted that Côte d'Ivoire abided by the tacitly agreed boundary and only changed its mind when Ghana announced that it had found oil in commercial quantities.
Ghana accused La Côte d'Ivoire of being inconsistent regarding the method to be used in delimiting the maritime boundary between the two countries. Ghana argued that each of La Côte d'Ivoire's suggested approach to delimiting the maritime boundaries between the two states had the effect of cutting sharply across the coastal projection of the Ghanaian coastline, and thereby severely reducing Ghana's maritime entitlement.
Ghana also argued that La Côte d'Ivoire's constantly changing approach had the effect of causing "considerable uncertainty in the development of Ghana's petroleum sector". Ghana added that "La Côte d'Ivoire's inconsistent approach to the maritime boundary has greatly prejudiced Ghana as Ghana has acted in good faith, relied on La Côte d'Ivoire's long standing acceptance of the customary equidistance boundary by engaging in long term capital intensive, offshore exploitation and exploration program based on the expectation that these investments would provide a solid and sustainable basis for its economic development."
 What is La Côte d'Ivoire's position?
BJ_ITLOS_Schiller_090217__Q___800x534_Naturally, Cote d'Ivoire denies Ghana's presentation of the facts. For instance, whereas Ghana argued that La Côte d'Ivoire stood by and did nothing whiles huge investments were being made in the disputed area, La Côte d'Ivoire argued that "from 1993 following the death of Félix Houphouet-Boigny, La Côte d'Ivoire gradually slipped into a lengthy period of serious political and social instability." They continued: "these internal political tensions led to a military coup and then a civil war, which destabilized the country significantly." It was only up until 2007 that some stability was restored.
 La Côte d'Ivoire also denies any notion of a "tacitly agreed customary maritime boundary." They maintain that the maritime boundary between La Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana is yet to be delimited. In their words "there is no formal or tacit agreement on delimitation of boundary and Ghana cannot silence La Côte d'Ivoire by applying the doctrine of estoppel."
 What has happened so far?
images-4On 27 February 2015, La Côte d'Ivoire requested the chamber to prescribe provisional measures for the protection of its rights to exclusively explore and exploit the oil and gas resources in that part of the Atlantic Ocean. It requested the chamber to make an order requesting Ghana to (a) suspend all ongoing exploration and exploitation activities in the disputed areas; (b) desist from issuing permits for the exploitation and exploration of oil in the disputed area; (c) ensure that information gathered by Ghana from its exploration activities in the disputed area is not used to the detriment of La Côte d'Ivoire. They ask the court to restrain Ghana from any unilateral step that has the potential to aggravate the dispute and affect the rights of La Côte d'Ivoire prejudicially.
Ghana, amongst others, argued that the total cessation of exploitation and exploration activities would cause Ghana irreparable damage considering the sums of money spent on developing the area under the dispute.
The Tribunal did not accede to La Côte d'Ivoire's request that Ghana suspends all ongoing exploration and exploitation activities in the disputed areas. The tribunal noted that "suspension of ongoing activities conducted by Ghana in respect of which drilling has already taken place would entail considerable financial loss to Ghana and its concessionaires." The Chamber, however, pursuant to Article 290 of the Convention on the Law of the Sea, prescribed that Ghana takes all necessary steps to ensure "no new drilling either by Ghana or under its control takes place in the disputed area," to prevent information regarding exploration that is "not already in public domain from being used in any way whatsoever to the detriment of Côte d'Ivoire," and "refrain from any unilateral action that might lead to aggravating the dispute." It was further unanimously decided by the chamber that both parties submit a report detailing compliance with the measures by May 25, 2015.
What are the implications of a judgment in favour of Ghana?
Its is not hard to tell. A judgment in favour of Ghana will mean that a lot of businesses that have invested heavily in the oil exploration especially in the Deep Water Tano Block (made up of the Jubilee and TEN fields) will be deeply relieved.
What are the implications of a ruling in favour of Ivory Coast?
A ruling in favour of Ivory will definitely be bad news for Ghana. This would mean that all the oil blocks and concessions that have been given will fall into disarray. It may also mean a renegotiation of key contracts. Additionally, Ghana's economy will be hard it as revenue from petroleum exploration will drop significantly.
[1] (Case No. 23).
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 Good background to the dispute.
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History of Albion River Bridge
Posted: 07/09/2014
Albion River Bridge July 2001, shot at the bay side at very low tide
The first permanent bridge that crossed the Albion River was a draw bridge which allowed the logging tugboat "Zenith" access up the river. This bridge was a part of the first county road that connected the lumber towns together. The bridge is long gone now but the wood members of the bridge pillar are still exposed in the South bank across the river. The old county road crossed Albion Flats where the road is today but it no longer has the sawmill at 18 feet above ground covering it.
As traffic increased, the county constructed a new wood bridge that crossed just up river. This bridge is seen in the upper half of the above photograph east of the sawmill. The bridge was 512 feet long and 16 feet wide with no wheel guards on the sides. Two of the three bridge footings were in the water and are still visible in the river east of the campground. In August 1933, the bridge and road became a part of the state highway system, subject to state maintenance. Soon after the state took over the road maintenance, the declared the bridge as badly worn from overloaded traffic and started the design of a replacement bridge. When the state was ready for materials, World War II had started.
A prolonged battle with the War Resources Board ensued over allocation of the needed steel. California finally prevailed and started construction on the existing bridge in 1942. The final plans allowed for just enough steel to reinforce the two concrete pillars and to build the 130 foot long truss between them. The rest of the bridge is specially treated redwood. Specifications for the bridge are 26 feet wide, 969 feet long, and 150 feet above the river.


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of the continue attribute) or if the stopSpeechInput() method was invoked.
Some implementations may dispatch the change event for elements when their value changes. When the new value was obtained as the result of a speech input session, such implementations must dispatch the speechchange event prior to the change event.
The speecherror event is dispatched when the active speech input session resulted in an error.
When the stopSpeechInput() method is invoked, if there was an active speech input session and this element had initiated it, the user agent must gracefully stop the session as if end-of-speech was detected. The user agent must perform speech recognition on audio that has already been recorded and the relevant events must be fired if necessary. If there was no active speech input session, if this element did not initiate the active speech input session or if end-of-speech was already detected, this method must return without doing anything.
When the cancelSpeechInput() method is invoked, if there was an active speech input session and this element had initiated it, the user agent must abort the session, discard any pending/buffered audio data and fire no events for the pending data. If there was no active speech input session or if this element did not initiate it, this method must return without doing anything.
5.2 SpeechInputResultCollection interface
 [NoInterfaceObject]
 interface SpeechInputResultCollection {
 readonly attribute unsigned long length;
 SpeechInputResult item(in unsigned long index);
 void feedback(DOMString correctUtterance);
 };

The length attribute must return the number of results represented by the collection.
The item(index) method must return the indexth result in the collection. If there is no indexth result in the collection, then the method must return null.
The feedback(correctUtterance) method is used to give feedback on the speech recognition results.
5.3 SpeechInputResult interface
The results attribute returns a sequence of SpeechInputResult objects. In ECMAScript, SpeechInputResult objects are represented as regular native objects with optional properties named utterance, confidence and interpretation.
 [NoInterfaceObject]
 interface SpeechInputResult {
 readonly attribute DOMString utterance;
 readonly attribute float confidence;
 readonly attribute object interpretation;
 };

The utterance attribute must, on getting, return the text of recognized speech.
The confidence attribute must, on getting, return a value in the inclusive range [0.0, 1.0] indicating the quality of the match. The higher the value, the more confident the recognizer is that this matches what the user spoke.
The interpretation attribute must, on getting, return the result of semantic interpretation of the recognized speech, using semantic annotations in the grammar. If no grammar was specified or if the grammar contained no semantic annotations for the utterance, this value should be the same as utterance.
5.4 SpeechInputError interface
 [NoInterfaceObject]
 interface SpeechInputError {
 const unsigned short ABORTED = 1;
 const unsigned short AUDIO = 2;
 const unsigned short NETWORK = 3;
 const unsigned short NO_SPEECH = 4;
 const unsigned short NO_MATCH = 5;
 const unsigned short BAD_GRAMMAR = 6;
 readonly attribute unsigned short code;
 readonly attribute DOMString message;
 };

The code attribute must return the appropriate code from the following list:
ABORTED (numeric value 1)
The user or a script aborted speech input.
AUDIO (numeric value 2)
There was an error with recording audio.
NETWORK (numeric value 3)
There was a network error, for implementations that use server-side recognition.
NO_SPEECH (numeric value 4)
No speech heard before nospeechtimeout.
NO_MATCH (numeric value 5)
Speech was heard, but could not be interpreted in the specified language and language model.
BAD_GRAMMAR (numeric value 6)
There was an error in the speech recognition grammar.
The message attribute must return an error message describing the details of the error encountered. This attribute is primarily intended for debugging and developers should not use it directly in their application user interface.
5.5 Notes about existing attributes
The lang attribute, if present, sets the speech input language. If this attribute is not set the implementation must fall back to the language of the closest ancestor that has a lang attribute, and finally to the language of the document.
The pattern attribute, if present, should be used to guide the speech recognizer. If grammar was also specified, grammer takes precedence over pattern.
For HTMLInputElement the value attribute must be the utterance of the most likely recognition result after a successful recognition. This is equivalent to results[0].utterance. In the case of unsuccessful recognition value must remain unaffected.
5.6 Differences between single line and multi-line elements
5.7 Backwards Compatibility
A DOM application can use the hasFeature(feature, version) method of the DOMImplementation interface with parameter values "SpeechInput" and "1.0" (respectively) to determine whether or not this module is supported by the implementation.
Implementations that don't support speech input will ignore the additional attributes and events defined in this module and the HTML elements with these attributes will continue to work with other forms of input.
6 Implementation
6.1 Control Flow
This section is non-normative.
The following diagram indicates the transitions and events relevant to an element with speech input in a typical scenario.
6.2 User Agent Representation
7 Use-Cases and Requirements
This section outlines the use cases and requirements that are covered by this specification.
7.1 Use-Cases
7.1.1 Web search by voice
A user speaks the search query and get search results.
7.1.2 Speech translation
The web application works as an interpreter between two users who speak different languages. User1 has the web application to translate speech from Lang1 to lang2 and User2 has the web application to translate speech from Lang2 to Lang1. As each of them speak, the recognized text gets translated to the language of the other user and is spoken out.
7.1.3 Speech enabled web-email client
Useful for hands-free access in various scenarios, the web application reads out e-mails and listens for commands such as "archive", "star", "reply, ok, let's meet at 2 pm", "forward to bob" etc.
7.1.4 Speech shell
This is a general purpose interface for every day use, allows multiple commands with optional arguments, some of which are free-form. For e.g. "call <number>", "call <contact>", "calculate <arithmetic expression>", "search for <query>".
7.1.5 Turn-by-turn navigation
The web application speaks out driving instructions and accepts spoken commands from the user. For e.g. "go to <address>", "go to <contact-or-business-name>", "reroute", "suspend navigation" etc.
7.1.6 Dialog systems, e.g. flight booking, pizza ordering.
The web application receives customer requests using the Speech Input API and processes them with business logic coded in ECMAScript.
7.1.7 Multimodal interaction
A user tries to find directions by saying "I want to go here" and clicks on a map.
7.2 Requirements
7.2.1 The Speech Input API must provide the ability to bind results to specific input fields.
7.2.2 The Speech Input API must allow a web application to receive notifications on speech recognition completion.
7.2.3 The Speech Input API must allow a web application to receive notifications on speech recognition errors and no-match conditions.
7.2.4 The Speech Input API must provide the full context of recognition including the n-best hypotheses list, confidences of each result and semantic interpretation of each result to the web application.
7.2.5 The Speech Input API must allow a web application to specify a custom grammar for recognition.
7.2.6 The Speech Input API must use existing standards when specifying a custom grammar for recognition.
7.2.7 The Speech Input API must allow a web application to specify the language of recognition.
7.2.8 The Speech Input API must allow a web application to stop or cancel an active speech input session.
7.2.9 The Speech Input API must activate a recognition session only in response to a user action.
7.2.10 The Speech Input API must provide a clear indication to the user when a speech input session is active and audio is being recorded.
7.2.11 The Speech Input API must not provide a web application access to the recorded audio stream.
7.2.12 The Speech Input API implementation must provide a default visual user interface for recognition.
7.2.13 The Speech Input API must allow the user to select a recognizer to use when there are multiple speech recognizers available.
7.2.14 The Speech Input API must not require a web application author to build or run their own speech recognizer.
7.2.15 The Speech Input API must not allow a web application to select the recognizer to use.
Acknowledgments
Andrei Popescu, Dave Burke, Jeremy Orlow
References
[RFC3066]
Tags for the Identification of Languages, Harald Tveit Alvestrand. Internet Engineering Task Force, January 2001. See _URL_
[WEBIDL]
Web IDL, Cameron McCormack,


text:
As language learners, we are always eager to expand our vocabulary and learn new words. Spanish is a beautiful language spoken by millions of people around the world, and mastering it can open up a whole new world of opportunities. Today, we will explore the Spanish translation of the word "hovel".
The Spanish translation of "hovel" is "choza". This word is often used to describe a small, crude dwelling or hut made of mud, straw, or other natural materials. Although it may not be the most glamorous word in the Spanish language, it is certainly a useful one to know.
How Do You Pronounce The Spanish Word For "Hovel"?
Learning how to properly pronounce a word in a foreign language can be challenging, but it is essential for effective communication. If you are looking to learn how to say "hovel" in Spanish, it is important to understand the phonetic breakdown of the word to ensure that you are pronouncing it correctly.
The Spanish word for "hovel" is "choza." The phonetic breakdown of the word is as follows:
Breaking down the word into syllables, we have:
Tips For Pronunciation
Here are some tips to help you pronounce "choza" correctly:
- The "ch" sound in Spanish is similar to the "ch" sound in English, but it is pronounced further back in the mouth.
- The "o" sound in Spanish is pronounced like the "o" in "go."
- The "z" sound in Spanish is pronounced like the "s" in "measure."
- The stress in the word "choza" falls on the first syllable, so make sure to emphasize the "cho" sound.
By following these tips and practicing the pronunciation of "choza," you will soon be able to confidently use this word in your Spanish conversations.
Proper Grammatical Use Of The Spanish Word For "Hovel"
Proper grammar is essential when using the Spanish word for "hovel," which is "choza." The correct usage of this word can make a significant difference in the clarity and effectiveness of your communication.
Placement Of "Choza" In Sentences
The placement of "choza" in a sentence depends on the intended meaning. In most cases, it comes after the subject and before the verb. For example:
- La choza está en el bosque. (The hovel is in the forest.)
- El campesino vive en una choza. (The farmer lives in a hovel.)
However, in some instances, "choza" can also be used at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis or to express surprise. For instance:
- ¡Qué choza más grande! (What a big hovel!)
- Choza por aquí, choza por allá. (Hovel here, hovel there.)
Verb Conjugations Or Tenses
The verb conjugation or tense used with "choza" depends on the context of the sentence. In most cases, the present tense is used to describe the current state or location of the hovel. For example:
- La choza está en ruinas. (The hovel is in ruins.)
- Ellos construyen una choza nueva. (They are building a new hovel.)
However, other tenses, such as the past or future, can be used to describe actions related to the hovel. For instance:
- El campesino vivió en una choza durante muchos años. (The farmer lived in a hovel for many years.)
- Mañana construiremos una choza más grande. (Tomorrow we will build a bigger hovel.)
Agreement With Gender And Number
The word "choza" is a feminine noun, so it must agree in gender with any accompanying adjectives or articles. For example:
- La choza vieja. (The old hovel.)
- Una choza pequeña. (A small hovel.)
In addition, "choza" must also agree in number with the subject of the sentence. For instance:
- Las chozas están en el campo. (The hovels are in the countryside.)
- La choza y el granero son de madera. (The hovel and the barn are made of wood.)
There are a few common exceptions to the grammatical rules of "choza." For example, when used as a direct object, "choza" can become "chozo" to reflect masculine gender. For instance:
- Ellos construyen un chozo nuevo. (They are building a new hovel.)
- El cazador construyó un chozo para esconderse. (The hunter built a hovel to hide.)
Another exception is when "choza" is used as part of a compound noun, such as "choza de paja" (straw hovel) or "choza de barro" (mud hovel). In these cases, the gender and number agreement rules apply to the noun as a whole.
Examples Of Phrases Using The Spanish Word For "Hovel"
If you're looking to expand your Spanish vocabulary, learning the word for "hovel" can be a great place to start. Not only is it a useful word to know for describing dwellings, but it can also be used in a variety of phrases.
Common Phrases Using "Hovel"
- Casa de pobreza – This phrase translates to "house of poverty" and is often used to describe rundown, shabby homes.
- Casa de mala muerte – Literally meaning "house of bad death," this phrase is used to describe a dilapidated or dangerous dwelling.
- Vivir en la miseria – This phrase means "to live in misery" and can be used to describe someone living in a hovel or other poor living conditions.
- Choza – This word simply means "hut" and can be used to describe a small, simple dwelling.
These phrases are just a few examples of how the word for "hovel" can be used in Spanish. Here are some example sentences to help you understand how they are used:
- La casa de pobreza en la que vive Juan es muy pequeña y no tiene agua corriente. – The house of poverty where Juan lives is very small and doesn't have running water.
- La casa de mala muerte en el centro de la ciudad es un peligro para los residentes. – The house of bad death in the center of the city is a danger to its residents.
- Después de perder su trabajo, María tuvo que vivir en la miseria durante varios meses. – After losing her job, Maria had to live in misery for several months.
- Los indígenas construyeron chozas para protegerse del sol y la lluvia. – The indigenous people built huts to protect themselves from the sun and rain.
Finally, here is an example dialogue using the word for "hovel" in Spanish:
|¿Has visto la choza de Pedro?||Have you seen Pedro's hovel?|
|Sí, es muy pequeña y está en mal estado.||Yes, it's very small and in bad condition.|
|Me preocupa que no tenga suficiente protección contra el frío.||I'm worried that it doesn't have enough protection against the cold.|
|Sí, es una situación difícil para él.||Yes, it's a difficult situation for him.|
Learning these phrases and incorporating them into your Spanish vocabulary can help you communicate more effectively and understand the language on a deeper level.
More Contextual Uses Of The Spanish Word For "Hovel"
When it comes to the Spanish word for "hovel," there are various contexts in which it can be used. In this section, we will explore some of these contexts and provide insight into the formal and informal usage of the term, as well as other contexts such as slang, idiomatic expressions, or cultural/historical uses. We will also touch on any popular cultural usage of the term, if applicable.
Formal Usage Of Hovel
In formal settings, the Spanish word for "hovel" is typically used to refer to a small, run-down dwelling that is usually located in a rural or impoverished area. This type of dwelling may be made of makeshift materials or may be poorly constructed, and it often lacks basic amenities such as running water or electricity. In formal writing or speech, the word "hovel" may be used to describe such a dwelling in a matter-of-fact or descriptive manner.
Informal Usage Of Hovel
Informally, the Spanish word for "hovel" may be used in a more derogatory or insulting manner to refer to a dwelling that is perceived as being especially small, cramped, or dirty. This type of usage may be more common in casual conversation or in less formal settings, and it may be accompanied by other negative descriptors such as "filthy" or "disgusting."
Aside from its more traditional usage to describe a run-down dwelling, the Spanish word for "hovel" may also be used in other contexts such as slang or idiomatic expressions. For example, the phrase "vivir en una choza" (literally "to live in a hovel") may be used to describe living in a difficult or unpleasant situation, even if the dwelling itself is not technically a "hovel" in the traditional sense. Similarly, the term may be used in a more figurative sense to describe a situation or circumstance that is unpleasant or undesirable.
In some cultural or historical contexts, the Spanish word for "hovel" may also have different connotations or associations. For example, during the Spanish Civil War, the term "chabola" (a synonym for "h


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[ii] "Poll: Americans largely in favor of campaign spending limitations" by Morgan Little, The Los Angeles Times, September 16, 2012, _URL_
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May 24, 2013
Tips for Running the Flats
How to run a skiff in skinny water without doing damage to either the environment or the boat itself.
Judging from the number of boats that have appeared on the various flats around the country in the last ten years, it's easy to figure out that shallow-water fishing has taken a quantum leap forward in popularity. Every year more and more flats skiffs appear-along with more companies that build flats skiffs-and some once-remote flats now resemble supermarket parking lots on weekends.
Whether you fish the crystal-clear flats of the Florida Keys, the vast flats of Texas, the oyster bars of Florida's Homosassa Springs, the turbid sounds of the Carolinas, or the bays of the Northeast, there are certain challenges that must be met. It takes some special knowledge to run a skiff in skinny water without doing damage to either the environment or the boat itself.
[Knowing your way around the flats is the key to preventing environmental-and engine-damage.]
Costly Damage
If you've ever flown at low altitude over the Florida Keys, you've no doubt witnessed the damage an outboard motor can do to a flat. In the old days, either due to ignorance or indifference, boat operators often drove their boats right across the flats, churning up mud and ripping seagrass from the bottom. Some did it to avoid having to pole into an interior fishing spot, yet others simply found themselves in skinny water by mistake and had to churn their way off again, leaving a "kicker trail" in their wake.
These trails are actually troughs dug by the boat's propeller(s) that appear from the air as ugly scars. Some of the flats that lie closer to civilization bear so many of these scars that there's precious little grass left. To make matters worse, scientists have determined that these wounds take many years to heal, and that some flats may never be completely restored due to the effects of tidal erosion.
Fortunately, many of the flats in the Keys are now no-motor zones thanks to the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, and efforts are underway to repair many of the prop scars. Hefty fines await anyone who gets caught damaging a grass flat in the Sanctuary, and virtually all experienced fishermen now treat the flats with respect. Unfortunately, there are still quite a few careless boaters out there (usually non-fishermen) who blast along full speed with no clue about the shallows that lie ahead. They often end up high and dry, waiting for rescue-and the impending fine.
For those of you who fish and boat in parts of the country where the bottom isn't so forgiving, other consequences of running aground await. If rocks or oyster bars abound in your waters, for example, you stand to damage a lot more than the sea bed if you hit bottom at high speed! I've done it myself, and the sickening sound of crunching metal isn't something I want to hear again.
Expert Advice
Fishing on foot
Leaving the boat in deeper water to chase the fish on foot is one low-impact method of working the flats.
Obviously, with proliferating numbers of boaters on the flats, it's more important than ever to operate responsibly when running the shallows. To get the skinny on skinny-water running, we asked several veteran flats fishermen for their advice. One such expert is Scott Deal, president of the Maverick Boat Company in Fort Pierce, Florida, the builder of Maverick, Hewes and Pathfinder light-tackle skiffs. Scott is an expert fly fisherman, and spends much of his time stalking bonefish, redfish, tarpon and permit in some truly shallow water.
"The first rule should be, 'don't ever run when you don't know where you are or where you're going,'" Scott said. "The first time you enter a new shallow-water area should be with an experienced person or a guide so you can learn the extreme limits of the flats." Charging into unknown water is not the time to be learning where the channels end and the flats begin, but you'd be amazed by how many people do it.


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The Hardware Support Lab of RIM, the company that manufatures Blackberry yeaterday published a series of videos demonstrating the series of stress tests they do on their devices. These inclide bending the devices past their known breaking point, dropping them on hard floor and also dropping them in water.
Device manufacturers usually do this to show users what the devices they purchase can withstand.
The videos go a notch further by doing slow motion so that a viewer can see the actual bouncing or bending the device goes through during the durability test. See the videos below: