Tuesday, August 23, 2011
Could a man sustain a pregnancy (without a uterus)?
This article is over three years old, but very interesting.
The short answer: yes, a man could sustain a pregnancy in his peritoneal cavity, but the placenta would become intertwined with other tissue and the expulsion of this tissue could rupture whatever organs it is attached to.
I know abortion is not typically the subject of comedy, but imagine a play or movie called "The Man who Wanted an Abortion". Consider the hilarity of someone calling a CPC with that case (and of course being hung up on as a crank call) and the jitteriness of the pro-life counsellors trying to figure out what to say to persuade the man to keep the baby instead of going to a clinic-- which in itself could be another source of jokes-- how do you perform a suction curettage on a guy? (Please no racy jokes).
Of course, you'd have to solve the problem of how conception took place in there in the first place. It'd be a comedy, it doesn't have to make sense. :)


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How does EFT payment work?
How Does EFT Work? EFT payments need two parties to make them work: a sender and a receiver. When the sender commits to sending funds to the receiver, that payment goes out through the appropriate payment network and moves money from the sender's account to the receiver's account.
How long does EFT take to deposit?
While it takes seconds to initiate an EFT payment transaction, it takes banks 1 to 3 days to process the payments, or for the money to end up in a business's bank account. Some EFT payments, such as wire transfers, are received the same day.
What is an EFT transaction?
An electronic funds transfer (EFT) is the electronic transfer of money over an online network. Electronic funds transfers can be performed between the same bank or a different one, and can be accomplished with several different types of payment systems.
How long does an EFT take?
How long does it take for an EFT (electronic funds transfer) transaction to process if I pay online? EFT transactions typically take 48 – 72 hours to settle.
Is EFT Safe?
Are EFT payments safe? Just like Payroll Direct Deposit and ATM transactions, EFT payments are extremely safe. All payment information is encrypted with 128-bit SSL and sent through a secure communications channel. Information cannot be redirected, read, or tampered with.
How do I track my EFT payment?
Under "File Transfer Facility (FTF)", choose File History. Select "EFT" and "Received Files" then select Search. Look for the DEFR 200 report for your EFT Account ID and the last approval date. It will show you the status of your EFT payment.
Is EFT same as E transfer?
One further distinction is that EFTs can only be used to transfer money between bank accounts in your name, whereas Interac e-Transfers can be used to send money to a third party—like the colleague who spotted you lunch money the day you forgot your wallet.
Where can I find my EFT number?
Your bank's routing number is the nine-digit number at the bottom left of your check. Your bank account number is to the right of the routing number.
Is EFT a wire transfer?
In simplest of terms, EFT's are any transfer of funds from one account to another that occurs electronically. EFTs include both ACH and Wire Transfer services. ACH transfers are sometimes referred to as an EFT transfer, because EFT is a term that covers several different types of financial transactions.
How do I set up EFT?
How to configure Electronic Funds Transfer, and pay as an EFT
- Configure the Bank Account to allow EFT:
- Define Payment method and Bank Information for the participating vendors:
- Create the Prenote Authorization File:
- Use Electronic Funds Transfer to pay vendors:
Can you EFT from a savings account?
You can make immediate transfers from your personal and business credit card to your linked checking or savings account.
How do I do an electronic bank transfer?
- Link the two accounts. Log in to the first bank's website or mobile app and select the option for making transfers. …
- Provide external account information. Have the second bank's routing number and your account number handy. …
- Confirm the new account. …
- Set up transfers.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Aristotle explains that poetry can have errors in two ways.
1) Explain these two types of errors.
2) Provide an example of each type of error.
Aristotle teaches through "Poetics" that poets may use words metaphorically, and he explains that this is done in many ways.
1) Explain various ways in which a character uses words metaphorically.
2) Differentiate between various forms of metaphors.
3) Provide examples of how Aristotle says Homer's "Iliad" uses metaphors.
Like any art, poetry is a kind of imitation, as Aristotle asserts. Aristotle differentiates arts from one another in three ways: medium, the objects, and the manner of imitation.
1) Define the three ways in which art is differentiated.
2) Compare poetry to prose.
3) Give an example of how poets may differ in how they represent the objects.
Choose one of the three options to write about:
1) Explain why men are drawn to write poetry based on Aristotle's "Poetics".
This section contains 947 words
(approx. 4 pages at 300 words per page)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Every organisation that works with children needs to have someone that takes the lead on safeguarding and child protection. We refer to them as a nominated child protection lead but they may also be known as:
- Designated Safeguarding Officer (DSO)
- Designated Safeguarding Lead (DSL)
- "Named person" for child protection
- Child protection officer
- Child protection lead
- Safeguarding or child protection coordinator.
The role may be performed by one person or split between staff. Larger organisations may have a safeguarding team. Boards of governors, trustees and management committees should also have someone who is responsible for safeguarding. In some organisations the nominated child protection lead also has other roles to perform.
You should also make sure that you have procedures in place to respond to child protection concerns when your nominated lead is absent or unavailable. This could include nominating someone who is trained to act as a deputy. You can also contact the NSPCC Helpline for advice or to report any concerns. Make sure that you keep clear records and communicate what's happened and the steps you've taken to your nominated child protection lead on their return.
Example role description for nominated child protection lead
We've created an example role description which you can use to make sure everyone in your organisation understands the important role of the nominated child protection lead. It should be used in conjunction with our information and resources on safeguarding and child protection.
Everyone who is taking the lead on safeguarding and child protection should be fully trained to carry out their role.


How to Pollinate a Pear Tree
To ensure a good fruit crop on pear trees, the blossoms need to be pollinated. This fertilizes the flowers, allowing the fruit to grow. Pear trees, in particular, have specific requirements as far as pollination is concerned. In fact, most pears are not self-fruitful and require a pollinizer for proper flower fertilization. Knowing and applying specific techniques that will improve pear tree pollination can greatly increase their yield.
Step 1
Ensure that you are growing different types of pear trees that will cross-pollinate well. Some species of pear, including Anjou and Bartlett, are partially self-pollinating but should be cross-pollinated to ensure a good crop. Also, ensure that the varieties of pear trees you are growing will pollinate each other and will bloom at the same time.
Step 2
Use honeybees to improve the pollination of pear trees. The blossoms of pear trees bloom for only a short period of time and do not produce enough nectar for them to be as attractive to bees as other possible forage. If you plan to use honeybees for pollination, install twice as many hives as you would for other fruit crops. Place the bees in the orchard when a third of the blooms have opened.
Step 3
Plant different varieties of pear trees within a reasonable distance of each other to improve the pollination process. Plant each variety no more than 100 feet from another variety that will act as its pollinizer. This will also improve the chances that honeybees visiting one variety of tree will also visit another variety, thereby increasing the chances of cross-pollination.
Step 4
Make sure your trees are in good health. Illnesses such as fire blight, a disease common to pears, can stunt or even kill flowers, thereby limiting or even eliminating the source of pollen for the trees. Manage diseases to help reduce the risk of them interfering with the pollination process.
Step 5
Pollinate pear flowers by hand on dwarf and espaliered pear trees. Use an artist's paintbrush to gather pollen from the blossoms of one variety of pear and transfer it to another variety. While this is a tedious and time-consuming process, it will guarantee pollination.
 - University of Missouri Extension: Pollinating Fruit Crops
 - Colorado State University Extension: Pollination of Fruit Trees
 - Flower World: Fruit Trees
Keywords: ear pollination, honey bee pear trees, pear cross-pollinate
About this Author


Mastering Service-Oriented Architecture: The BPEL Cookbook
Managing a BPEL Production Environment
by Stany Blanvalet
Learn how to automate common admin tasks in a BPEL production environment using BPEL Process Manager's API and Dehydration Store.
 Review complete BPEL Cookbook index
Downloads for this article:
 Oracle BPEL Process Manager
Published January 2006
Some organizations spend as much as 70% of their IT budget to maintain and administer current IT functionality and operations. But paradoxically, managing the performance and availability of Web services is not a high priority for most companies implementing service-oriented architecture (SOA) . Thus, as organizations adopt Web services and BPEL to build SOA infrastructure, it is becoming more and more imperative to design new strategies to decrease the costs of application management and administration.
This goal is particularly important for BPEL implementations, in which multiple business processes are often deployed to the production environment. As more and more processes are deployed in the production environment, efficient administration becomes increasingly important. Every BPEL process that has completed its execution, successfully or not, is stored in the database, as is every XML message that is exchanged between different steps in the process flow. As you might expect, this process causes the database to grow in size exponentially, thereby leading to performance bottlenecks.
For these reasons, in your BPEL production environment, it's important that you have the ability to
 - Archive information about completed BPEL processes without affecting the stability of the production system
 - Remove all XML messages that have been successfully delivered and resolved from the database
 - Delete stale instances
 - Rerun failed processes
In this installment of The BPEL Cookbook, you will learn how BPEL Process Manager's APIs and Dehydration Store enable these capabilities, as well as strategies for archiving and deleting information about completed instances of a BPEL process. You will also learn how to delete stale instances and complete invoke and callback XML messages using PL/SQL and EJB. Finally, you will learn how to rerun failed process instances via the BPELTest utility.
BPEL Process Manager API and Dehydration Store
Oracle BPEL Process Manager Console provides a user-friendly, Web-based interface for management, administration, and debugging of processes deployed to the BPEL server. However, in production environments, administrators need strong control over management tasks. Via a PL/SQL query or BPEL API against the BPEL Dehydration Store database, it is possible to automate most of these administrative tasks. But before creating action items, it's important to understand the concepts underlying the Dehydration Store and BPEL Process Manager API.
The Dehydration Store database is used to store process status data, especially for asynchronous BPEL processes. Here's a quick overview of some its more important tables.
Table
Contents
CUBE_INSTANCE
Instance metadata information (creation date, current state, process id)
CUBE_SCOPE
Scope data for an instance
AUDIT_TRAIL
Audit trail information for an instance. This information can be viewed from BPEL Console.
AUDIT_DETAILS
Large detailed audit information about a process instance
DLV_MESSAGE
Callback message metadata
DLV_MESSAGE_BIN
Payload of callback messages
INVOKE_MESSAGE
Invocation messages metadata
INVOKE_MESSAGE_BIN
Payload of invocation messages
DLV_SUBSCRIPTION
Delivery subscriptions for an instance
TASK
Tasks created for an instance (i.e. title, assignee, status, expiration)
Table 1: Key tables in BPEL Dehydration Store
The database schema can be found in the DDL script domain_oracle.dll in $ORABPEL$\integration\orabpel\system\database\scripts directory. With proper knowledge of this schema, administrators can bypass the BPEL Console and write SQL queries against the store directly.
In addition to the SQL approach, administrators can leverage the BPEL Process Manager API. This API provides an exhaustive set of classes to find, archive, delete instances in various states, delete callback/invoke messages across different domains, or query on the status of specific domain, process, or instance. (API documentation is available at $ORABPEL$\integration\orabpel\docs\apidocs\index.html.) The table below summarizes some of the most relevant classes/interfaces and corresponding methods here.
Class/Interface
Methods
Class WhereConditionHelper
Provides methods such as whereInstancesClosed(), whereInstancesStale(), and whereInstancesOpen(), which construct a where clause that search for respective instances.
Interface IBPELDomainHandle
Allows the developer to perform operations on a running BPEL process domain. Provides methods such as archiveAllInstances(), deleteAllInstances(), d eleteInstancesByProcessId(), deployProcess(), and undeployPorcess(), deleteAllHandledCallback(), and deleteAllHandledInvoke().
Interface IinstanceHandle
Allows the user to perform operations on an active instance. Provides methods such as isStale() , getState() , getModifyDate() , and delete() .
Class Locator
Allows the user to search for processes, instances, and activities that have been deployed and instantiated within an Orabpel process domain. Provides methods such as listInstances() and listActivities() and can take where clauses as parameters.
Table 2: Key classes for performing administrative tasks
Next, you'll learn how to perform some of the most important administrative tasks.
Archiving Completed Instances
As explained previously, all successfully executed process instances are stored in the Dehydration Store. Currently a BPEL instance is saved in two tables after the instance is completed: cube_instance and cube_scope. The former stores the instance header information: domain, creation date, state (completed, running, stale, cancelled), priority, title, and so on. The latter stores the state of the instance, (variable values and so on). By default, both tables are used to store a completed instance.
Purging the instance information from the database can be accomplished from the BPEL Console as shown below.
Figure 1: Deleting completed instances
In a production environment, it will be necessary to archive the information before you delete the information—and to do so for hundreds of instances. Fortunately, you can achieve this goal using PL/SQL or EJB. (Remember to move the information to a different location before purging it from the BPEL database.) Let's look at some examples.
Archiving with EJB. For this example we will use the following interface and method.
com.oracle.bpel.client
Interface IBPELDomainHandle
METHOD SUMMARY
int
archiveInstances(WhereCondition wc, boolean deleteInstances)
(Archives all instances returned by the search condition specified by wc )
Method archiveInstances will archive and delete all completed instances. It accepts the parameter keepdays, which indicates how old a completed instance can be before it is archived.

public static int archiveInstances(Locator locator, String processId, int keepdays)
 throws ORABPELAccessException {
 try {
 WhereCondition wc = WhereConditionHelper.whereInstancesClosed();
 WhereCondition tmpWhere = new WhereCondition();
 NonSyncStringBuffer buf = new NonSyncStringBuffer();
 if (!"*".equals(processId)) {
 buf.setLength(0);
 tmpWhere.setClause(buf.append(" AND ").append(
 SQLDefs.AL_ci_process_id).append(" = ? ").toString());
 tmpWhere.setString(1, processId);
 wc.append(tmpWhere);
 }
 Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
 cal.add(Calendar.DATE, -keepdays);
 buf.setLength(0);
 tmpWhere.setClause(buf.append(" AND ").append(
 SQLDefs.AL_ci_modify_date).append(" <= ? ").toString());
 tmpWhere.setTimestamp(1, cal.getTime());
 wc.append(tmpWhere);
 IBPELDomainHandle domain = locator.lookupDomain();
 return domain.archiveInstances(wc, true);
 } catch (ServerException se) {
 throw new ORABPELAccessException(se.getMessage());
 }
 }

Archiving with PL/SQL. Administrators can also leverage PL/SQL to accomplish this goal. Before deleting the records from the database, the DBA can move the record to a different database/table per their requirements. Here's an example:

Query: SELECT CIKEY FROM CUBE_INSTANCE, DOMAIN
 WHERE BPELMNG.CUBE_INSTANCE.DOMAIN_REF = BPELMNG.DOMAIN.DOMAIN_REF
 AND BPELMNG.DOMAIN.DOMAIN_ID = 'XXX' � XXX is the name of the domain
 AND STATE = 5 � '5'


Why Should We Take a Walk After Eating? Here's the Secret!
take a walk
take a walk
Elfatica.com – Do you like to take a walk? It turns out that taking a walk after eating is very good for your health! But of course, we have to wait at least half or an hour after eating, then we can walk. Because if after eating we immediately go for a walk can cause stomach pain or cramps.
How can taking a walk after eating improve health for the body? In the following, we discuss some of the factors that are affected when we walk.
1. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is very influential on our health. It turns out that research proves that if we go out to exercise at a slow pace it can lower blood pressure. According to Margriet, studies have shown that walking ten minutes three times a day can have a positive effect on our blood pressure. Therefore, walking in general is highly recommended for everyone to do so that the body remains healthy.
take a walk
take a walk. image credits: anytimefitness.com
2. Blood Sugar
In normal people, after eating will not increase blood sugar levels significantly. But on the other hand, if you suffer from diabetes, after eating your sugar levels will rise high. This is certainly dangerous for health. But don't worry, if you have diabetes, walking can also be beneficial for your blood sugar levels. If you take a walk for ten minutes after eating it has been shown to have a positive effect on your blood sugar level. Your sugar levels may return to normal levels after walking.
3. Digestive System
Doing sports activities in general can help our digestive system. And this means that in general if we do regular exercise for a few minutes walking can give us these benefits too. Our stomach and intestines will be stimulated. This causes food to move more quickly through our bodies. Thus the digestive circulation more smoothly.
But some people with sensitive digestive systems can actually be stimulated too much, causing them an upset stomach if they move their bodies right after eating. In that case, it would be best to find out which one applies to you. However, based on the experience of many people, if you have a sensitive digestive system, you can rest for a while after eating. If you are ready then we can do activities on foot.
4. Heart
The last factor that is no less important is that walking can improve our heart health. Exercise benefits the muscles that pump blood throughout our bodies, so going for a walk will do the same. When we take regular walks, we can lower our cholesterol levels and thereby reduce our risk of heart attack.
So, whenever you're eating breakfast, lunch, dinner, or a snack in between, take the time to get out and take a walk. Our body will appreciate it and the body will be fresher and healthier. In addition, our thoughts and emotions will also be more stable.
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New funding is being provided for projects that support people with Machado Joseph Disease (MJD) in the Northern Territory (NT).
MJD is a hereditary neurodegenerative condition. It is in a 'family' of neurodegenerative diseases that includes Huntington's disease. Previously known as 'Groote Eylandt Syndrome', the effects of MJD have been known to Indigenous people in Arnhem Land in the NT for at least four generations.
The new funding from the Australian Government is worth $460,000 and will be delivered to the MJD Foundation, a charity established in 2008 to improve the quality of life for Indigenous Australians living with MJD in Arnhem Land.
'People living with MJD are wheelchair-bound and reliant on care within 10 to 15 years of the first symptoms, and death occurs between six and 29 years of onset,' said Jenny Macklin, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.
'The Government is investing $180,000 from the Indigenous Remote Service Delivery Special Account to support new projects in Galiwin'ku, Yirrkala, Ngukkur and Groote Eylandt.
'Projects include a women's camp on Groote Eylandt which will bring together women affected by MJD with volunteer health professionals and researchers.
'The MJD Foundation will also work with the Galiwin'ku, Yirrkala and Ngukurr communities to establish activities such as fishing and camping to help bring together families who are affected to share their stories, experiences and health care priorities.'
Minister for Indigenous, Rural and Regional Health, Warren Snowdon, said the Government is also providing more than $280,000 to the MJD Foundation to develop educational resources and conduct workshops across the NT to support families living with MJD.
Source: Australian Government; MJD Foundation

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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All About Kettering...
- Kettering is a city in Greene and Montgomery Counties in Ohio.
- Only a small portion of the city lies in Greene County.
- It is a suburb of nearby Dayton.
- Kettering is the largest suburb in the Dayton area.
- The earliest resident, John Patterson, was a farmer who settled there in 1798.
- In 1841, Van Buren Township was formed as the area grew.
- The township was renamed in 1952 as the Village of Kettering.
- Kettering was named for Charles F. Kettering, the inventor of the automobile self-starter.
- On June 24, 1955, Kettering was incorporated and gained city status.
- Charles F. Kettering resided in Kettering in his home, Ridgeleigh Terrace, from 1914 until his death in 1958.
- It has a total area of 18.7 square miles.
- There were 57,502 people, and 25,657 households at the time of the 2000 Census.
- The median income for a household in Kettering was $45,051 in 2000.
- The largest employers of residents in the area include: Kettering Medical Center - a hospital, Reynolds and Reynolds, GE Money - a division of General Electric, Limited Brands, The Berry Company - a subsidiary of Bellsouth which publishes the Yellow Pages directories and maintains its division headquarters in Kettering, and Wright Patterson Air Force Base.
- The city population and area businesses continue to grow and expand due to the 2006 decision of the Base Closure and Realignment Commission, which is currently bringing thousands of new jobs to Wright Patterson Air Force Base until December 2010.
- Kettering is bordered by Dayton and Oakwood to the north; West Carrollton and Moraine to the west; Centerville and Washington Township to the south; and Beavercreek to the east.
Kettering has 20 parks totaling 284 acres. The Fraze Pavilion is a major outdoor entertainment venue that hosts the summer concerts of the Dayton Philharmonic.


and any shims, as you'll need them during the installation of the new starter.
5. Compare the old and new starters: Before installing the new starter, compare it with the old one to ensure they're identical in size and mounting points. This will ensure a proper fit and prevent any issues after installation.
6. Install the new starter: Align the new starter with the mounting points on the engine block. Insert the mounting bolts and tighten them securely with your socket wrench. Reinstall any shims that were originally in place.
7. Reconnect the electrical connections: Refer to the photo or notes you took during disassembly to correctly reconnect the electrical connections to the new starter.
8. Reinstall the battery cable: Once everything is in place and connected, reinstall the negative battery cable to the battery terminal.
9. Test the starter: Start the engine to ensure the new starter is working correctly and that the grinding noise has been resolved.
Remember, safety is important throughout this process. Always follow proper guidelines and use the correct tools while working on your Kia Sorento.
Conclusion
The Kia Sorento grinding sound when starting can be a nuisance, but fortunately, it can be addressed. In most cases, the issue is related to the starter or the starter solenoid, and replacing either of these components should resolve the problem. For those with more complex issues, it is recommended to take the vehicle to a qualified mechanic for further diagnosis and repair. With the right approach, you can get your Kia Sorento back on the road in no time.


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Date: Tuesday, January 17, 2012
Time: 4:10 PM
Time: 4:10 PM
Room: Pacific Salon 4-5 (2nd Floor)
Sorghum is a known reservoir of drought adaptation mechanisms, but little detailed attention has been paid to root system attributes. In addition to improving drought adaptation, recent agronomic practices of varying row configuration (e.g. skip row systems) might be enhanced by improved understanding of root system architecture. We sought to explore extent of soil water capture by sorghum, its spatial variability in the soil, and its genetic regulation via factors affecting root system architecture. A range of field and rhizotron studies were conducted. An initial field study indicated water extraction progressed out from the plant radially to a distance beyond 2m. Nodal root angle was hypothesised as an indicator of genetic variability in root system architecture and a phenotyping system using mini-rhizotrons was developed. Significant variation in nodal root angle was identified across a diverse range of sorghum inbred lines. Four inbred lines with contrasting root angle were grown in large rhizotrons to study their water extraction patterns. An association between nodal root angle and the spatial distribution of the root system and water extraction of mature plants was observed. QTL for nodal root angle were mapped by screening a population that was developed by crossing two inbred sorghum lines with contrasting root angle. The four nodal root angle QTL identified explained 58.2% of the phenotypic variance and were validated across a range of diverse inbred lines. Three of the four nodal root angle QTL showed homology to previously identified root angle QTL in rice and maize, whereas all four QTL co-located with previously identified QTL for stay-green in sorghum. A putative association between nodal root angle QTL and grain yield was identified through single marker analysis on a subset of the mapping population grown in field trials in hybrid combination with three different tester lines. The identification of effective QTL associated with root system architecture presents new opportunities for improving drought adaptation via molecular breeding.


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International Great Lakes Datum (IGLD) is the reference system by which Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin water levels are measured. It consists of benchmarks at various locations on the lakes and St. Lawrence River that roughly coincides with sea level. All water levels are measured in feet or meters above this point. Movements in the earth's crust necessitate updating this datum every 25-30 years. The first IGLD was based upon measurements and bench marks that centered on the year 1955, and it was called IGLD (1955). The most recently updated datum uses calculations that center on 1985, and it is called IGLD (1985). Measurements recorded in NGVD (1929) or IGLD (1955) need to be converted to IGLD (1985) measurements before they can be used in comparison situations. The table below displays the different readings for the OHWM in Indiana and how to convert NGVD (1929) and IGLD (1955) measurements to IGLD (1985) measurements. Conversion Equations


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In order to improve the performance of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) post lockdown, the Andhra Pradesh Energy Department (APED) has decided to take the help of technologies.
The energy department is contemplating the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) to enabled power factor control devices in MSME units here.
The IoT based device will improve the performance of MSME unit by reducing energy consumption that will make such units both profitable and sustainable.
The State Energy Conservation Mission (APSECM), recently entered a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry led National Productivity Council (NPC) to introduce the novel low-cost IoT based devices in MSME units.
Reportedly, the NPC along with Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad, has recently developed and demonstrated the IoT based device to improve performance of MSME Unit by bringing energy efficiency through IoT. The device supports real-time monitoring of various electrical parameters and communicates the information to the cloud.
The devices were deployed in two MSME units near Rajahmundry under pilot project.


Cool weather will slow corn germination
Hoard's Dairyman:
Cool weather will slow corn germination
Mon, 04/25/2011
Under ideal conditions, corn will emerge in 10 days or less after planting. But, the cool, wet weather throughout much of the Corn Belt during April has been anything but ideal. Given these cooler soil conditions, germination could take three weeks or more once corn is planted if temperatures remain lower than normal.
Corn's germination process involves several steps which are driven by temperature. The corn seed must first absorb 30 percent of its weight in water, note Pioneer agronomists. Seeds can absorb water below 50º F; however, growth will not occur until soil temperatures are above 50º F. As temperatures rise, the processes required for germination occur at a faster rate, leading to more rapid emergence.
Typically, about 125 accumulated Growing Degree Units (GDU) are required between planting and emergence. To calculate GDUs in your area, take the daily high temperature plus the daily low temperature and divide by two. Take that high-low average and subtract 50. For example, if the day's high is 70º and low is 42º, six GDUs would be accumulated in the given day.
Numerous environmental and management factors influence the number of GDUs needed for corn's emergence, the University of Wisconsin's Joe Lauer points out. For example, when conservation tillage leaves more that 75 percent residue, an additional 30 to 60 GDUs are needed for corn emergence. Other factors include:
- Fine soil texture, add 30 to 60 GDUs
- Coarse soil texture, subtract 30 to 60 GDUs
- Seed-zone soil moisture (below optimum), add 30 GDUs
- Seedbed condition (soil crusting or massive clods), add 30 GDUs
- Seeding depth (for each inch below 2 inches), add 15 GDUs
For more on the subject, go to


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Political Correctness Political Correctness Political correctness isnt always a positive thing. People that are older should have the right to a freedom of speech. They should be able to say words to express their emotions. They have a better judgment to know how and when to use curse words. Curse words are used everywhere.
They are used on television, movies, and in the public. Why be political correct when you cant express something that you need to say to someone. The older a person is, the more mature they will become from more experiences they get in life. By being mature they have a better judgment on how to use the words that come out of their mouths. They know when to use curse words and when its appropriate to use it.
They use the words when they feel stonger on their about their feelings and thoughts towards something and they express it better by using profanity. They also use profanity when it is necessary and when they have to get their point across. The Constitution quotes that all people have their freedom of speech. With this amendment people dont need to be politically correct and not deny them to their freedom of speech. People have the right to either be politically correct or not to be politically correct.
People also should have a choice on whether if they want to use curse words or not. They shouldnt have a limited vocabulary. It will be unconstitutional if we didnt let people say what they want and we should not withhold any kind of language from anyone. Profanity is found and heard in everyday life. It is used in speeches, television shows, movies, schools, and in almost all places. In schools kids start using profanity as early as in elementary school.
Television shows such as Simpsons, Beavis and Butthead, South Park, Melrose Place, Beverly Hills 90210, all profanity in them. If it is used in television shows then why cant people be able to also use it throughout everyday life. It is also used in all PG-13 and R rated movies. Political correctness shouldnt be a big issue and people that are older should have the right to express their feelings verbally in all possible ways. If we are restricted on what we say then are we also going to be restricted on other things.
Will they start restricting us on our gestures, how we dress, and what we are thinking? If we are restricted on things then it inhibits our life style. Political is a standard that restricts the use of our mind and our speech. English Essays.


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Eric Ambler was an influential British author of spy novels who introduced a new realism to the genre in the 20th century.
"Dorothy Sayers had taken the detective story and made it literate," he once said. "Why shouldn't I do the same with spies?"
Eric Ambler is generally credited with having raised the thriller to the level of literature. He brought intellectual substance to the genre at a time when it often suffered from shortages of surprise, maturity, verisimilitude and literary skill. Now, Eric Ambler is synonymous with novels of suspense, action, adventure and intrigue in foreign lands. His books became models for generations of other writers.
"It is not absolutely necessary that one listens to the words. Sometimes the music that comes through is enough. It can be as little as the faint pain in a man's eyes as he remembers something he is not telling you." Eric Ambler


accuracy and stiffness on two orthogonal precision planes is enhanced by elastic averaging, and it is preloaded by the attractive forces from an iron core linear electric motor.
Design Analysis
Porous graphite bearings were selected for the design because they are very damage resistant. Static performance of porous carbon air bearings can be predicted [5], and for commercially available bearings, design data (bearing gap as a function of area, pressure, and force) is typically directly obtained from the manufacturer as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 Load versus gap height and pressure for 50mm x 100mm commercially available porous graphite air bearing pad.
Table 1 shows data taken from Fig. 3 and analyzed to give the observed efficiency h which is obtained from stiffness = h *Area*Psupply/(gap/2). The bearings have an "optimal" design region where the gap (lift) is 6 to 15 microns. When the supply pressure is increased, the stiffness decreases because the gap increases for a given load, and the damping z also decreases. Curves were fit to the data for these bearings at 4 bar supply pressure to provide design estimates for the gap, given the applied load, and the resulting stiffness:


text:
I have a problem when I try to compare two large files. What I am trying to do is take a line from one file, search all the lines of another file for a match and if there isn't one, write that line to another file. I was able to recreate the problem with the simple example below:
apple banana pear peach lime
lime apple pear peach
Since I am looking for lines in file1 that are not in file_old, I would expect that 'banana' would be the only value to show in the output file. But in the output file, "*fill_diff*", I am showing:
apple banana banana
What is wrong with my code to try and produce the differences in a file?
def main(): file_old = open(r'C:\Users\test\Desktop\file_old.txt', 'r+') file_new = open(r'C:\Users\test\Desktop\file1.txt', 'r+') file_diff = open(r'C:\Users\test\Desktop\file_diff.txt', 'w') for each_line in file_new: for every_line in file_old: if each_line == every_line: break file_diff.write(each_line) file_old.close() file_new.close() file_diff.close() main()


text: The purpose of this study was to assess the decay resistance of wood modified with a variety of chemicals and to attempt to further understand the mechanism by which chemical modification protects wood from decay. Corsican pine (Pinus nigra) sapwood was modified with three cyclic anhydrides; succinic anhydride, alkenyl succinic anhydride (a derivative of succinic anhydride with a 16-18 carbon alkenyl chain) and phthalic anhydride, and with two more widely studied modifying chemicals; acetic anhydride and butyl isocyanate. All reactions were carried out using pyridine as solvent and catalyst. Modified wood was tested against decay fungi in a pure culture test against basidiomycete fungi (Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus sanguineus) under different moisture content regimes, an unsterile soil soft rot test, a fungal cellar test and a field trial. Butyl isocyanate proved the most effective modifying chemical at protecting wood from decay, followed by acetic anhydride and then alkenyl succinic anhydride. Uneven distribution of the modifying chemical in wood was evident using each of these three chemicals, particularly in the case of acetic anhydride. Despite its apparent ability to control decay by basidiomycete fungi, alkenyl succinic anhydride was unable to completely protect wood from soft rot fungi. Phthalic and succinic anhydride modifications both proved susceptible to hydrolysis and leaching, and neither were effective as wood protection chemicals. Phthalic anhydride modified wood performed well in the pure culture test, apparently through biocidal action, but was susceptible to decay in unsterile conditions. The approach made in this study to understanding the mechanism of protection was to analyse physical properties of the modified wood cell wall. This involved the measurement of adsorption isotherms, volumetric swell due to water soak, and cell wall pore size (using the solute exclusion technique). Neither the moisture content of modified wood nor its cell wall moisture content (measured as the fibre saturation point from the adsorption analysis) provided a good explanation of decay resistance. In several cases, the relationship between volumetric swell (due to water soak) and weight loss (to a given fungus in pure culture) was found to be consistent between modification types. From this it is concluded that the extent by which water swells modified wood is important to decay resistance. A reduction in cell wall pore volume was measured using the solute exclusion technique, though no further conclusions could be drawn from this test. It is proposed that the mechanism of resistance to decay by basidiomycete fungi involves the blocking of cell wall pores, which restricts the access of degradative agents released by decay fungi. The amount by which wood swells is important in this theory since this will determine by how much transient pores in modified wood can open, and whether enough space is created to bypass this blocking effect. The possibility of the role of site substitution in decay resistance is not discounted, and may contribute to decay resistance, particularly against white rot fungi. Pore blocking is not thought to be the mechanism of protection against soft rot fungi. In this case the substitution and shielding of decay susceptible sites are thought to be more important.


text:
Could you clarify whether qalqalah is always in a letter or whether it is only in saakinah letters?
As salaamu alaykum
Could you clarify whether qalqalah is always in a letter or whether it is only in saakinah letters? Most books say it is in saakinah letters. But if qalqalah is because of shiddah and jahr, both of which are sifaat laazimah which are ALWAYS in the letter, then isn't qalqalah also always in the letter? It may be less prominent, but it should be present if it is a sifah laazimah.
Wa alaikum assalaam wa rahmatullahi wa barakaatuh
The qalqalah is only present when the letter is saakin. The letter hamzah also has shiddah and jahr, but it is not to be read with a qalqalah. The mechanism of the qalqalah is such as it can only be in a saakin letter.
Some scholars add (when saakinah) the characteristic of the qalqalah is used for the group of letters which have the qalqalah.
There are those who say the qalqalah is always present (as stated in your question) but more apparent when the letter is saakin, but we and many others hold the opinion that it is only when the letter is saakin. It is not a big issue since in the end the way it is read is the same, and we should respect both opinions.


text:
Hydraulic Design of Safe Bridges
(Hydraulic Design Series) This document provides technical information and guidance on the hydraulic analysis and design of bridges. The goal is to provide information such that bridges can be designed as safely as possible while optimizing costs and limiting impacts to property and the environment. Many significant aspects of bridge hydraulic design are discussed. These include regulatory topics, specific approaches for bridge hydraulic modeling, hydraulic model selection, bridge design impacts on scour and stream instability, and sediment transport.
- Paperback | 282 pages
- 215.9 x 279.4 x 16.26mm | 816.46g
- 24 Feb 2015
- United States
- black & white illustrations


text:
Title INCLUSIVE LEARNING - Supporting Teacher Training for an Inclusive Vocational Education
Project Number 2012-1-ES1-LEOO5-49449
Project Type Transfer of Innovation
Marketing Text The Inclusive Learning project addressed two strategic priorities: "Support for the initial and continuous training of vocational training teachers, trainers, tutors and administrators of vocational training institutions" and "Proposed solutions and tools for addressing the imbalance between labour supply and demand" of the LLP. The project stimulated the educational system in order to foster the enabling processes of teachers and the development of strategies and environments that create conditions to provide lifelong learning for all. The project extended the offering of educational programmes that facilitate access to the educational system for people with special needs, subsequently enabling their access to the labour market. The lack of attention paid to these collectives in a context of diversity leads to a series of social problems: Disparity in learning achievements, Difficulties in gaining access to higher education and Difficulties in gaining access to the labour market.
Summary The INCLUSIVE LEARNING project provided vocational education and training institutions with a solution for addressing inclusion problems (the Lifelong Learning Programme priorities 2011- 2013), considering two main aspects: 1) Guidelines for trainers in order to provide them with the necessary and applied knowledge to address diversity in their training process, through the use of information technologies and considering different kinds of populations (multilingual people, sufferers of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, low vision and blind people, and deaf people); and 2) the provision of a technological infrastructure in order to deliver an adequate and accessible learning process for the aforementioned populations, including authoring tools for developing accessible training content and courses.
Description The project was divided into 6 work packages (WP): WP1 to WP6, which were grouped into 2 phases. Both phases consisted of the work to be carried out over a two-year period, which was the planned time for the project proposal. WP1 consisted of tasks to integrate technical infrastructures developed in previous projects in order to build the Alternative e-Access Framework, to set up the technical infrastructure and the support and maintenance of the integrated technical infrastructure; WP2 comprised the tasks of integrating Specific Accessibility Guidelines with existing Accessibility Guidelines into the technical infrastructure; WP3 consisted of tasks to develop a Certified Accessible e-Training Course; WP4 consisted of tasks to design pilot applications and testing scenarios for training VET trainers, applying the developed Certified Accessible e-Training Course; WP5 consisted of promoting the project progress and the experiences gained through the project; and finally, the WP6 tasks were related to management and project coordination. These packages were structured in relation to the achievement of the project objectives, which address the strategic priority of "Support for the initial and continuous training of VET teachers, trainers, tutors and VET institution managers", and which address the national strategic priority of "Solutions and Tools proposals to reduce the imbalance between labour supply and demand".
Open and distance learning
Access for disadvantaged
Information and Communication
material for open learning
open and distance learning
The main products of the INCLUSIVE LEARNING project were:
1. The Inclusive Learning Framework (based on the combination of accessibility guidelines and a technical infrastructure that includes software tools to develop certified accessible learning scenarios, resources and courses).
2. A Certified Accessible e-Training Course for VET trainers provided using the Inclusive Learning Framework.
3. Accessible e-Training Courses for VET learners that were developed by trainers and that will be available in the Inclusive Learning Framework.
Other important products were the Validation Plan of the technical products, as well as the Valorisation and Sustainability Plan.


text:
This article was published originally on 8/25/2010
Alert readers across Iowa and in neighboring states are asking, "Why are there are so many dragonflies this summer?" I'm not sure what explains this larger-than-normal number of dragonflies but callers are reporting anywhere from "dozens" to "hundreds" of dragonflies flying in swarms during late afternoon to early evening.
Excessive rainfall in this year does not explain the abundance. Dragonflies develop as nymphs in rivers, streams and lakes. Most take at least one year to develop from the egg to the adult stage, and some take 2 or 3 years. So the swarmers you see now are at least one year old and probably two. These are the offspring of last year's adults (if not the adults that were flying back in 2008 or 2009). To me, that means this year's abundance is related to what happened 1 to 3 years ago, and not what happened 1 to 3 months ago. In fact, I predict that dragonfly numbers will be down in the next 1 to 3 years as flooding of 2010 may have been detrimental to nymphs in flooded streams. More water in the stream, and especially flooding, would seem to work against the dragonflies, not for them.
What we do know is that dragonflies are more numerous in high-quality water, so abundance is an indicator of healthy aquatic ecosystems, and that's a good thing.
Dragonflies are often observed long distances from the nearest water. It appears they travel long distances and then congregate ("swarm") in areas where there is a plentiful flying food source such as emerging winged ants, mosquitoes, etc. Yes, dragonflies eat mosquitoes, but it's apparent they are not keeping up with this year's bumper crop.
More information about dragonflies
Dragonfly photographed near Hungry Jack Lake MN. By Richard Minnick.


text:
QAṢR IBN HUBAYRAH
QAṢR IBN HUBAYRAH (Kasr ibn Hubayrah), town that was situated south of the ruins of ancient Babylon, west of the Euphrates (i.e., then its eastern arm, which was known as the Sura River). Qaẓr ibn Hubayrah was founded by Omar ibn Hubayrah, the last governor of Babylonia appointed by the
G. Le Strange, The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate (1930), 70f., 83.
Source: Encyclopaedia Judaica. © 2008 The Gale Group. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Date of this Version
Blackbirds, primarily Agelaius phoeniceus, cause extensive losses to sprouting rice in southwestern Louisiana. Methiocarb applied to seed prior to planting at rates above 1.0 g a.i./kg rice (0.1%) has provided excellent protection to sprouting rice in Louisiana under conditions of high bird pressure. To reduce treatment costs, some farmers have used over-flights of methiocarbtreated seed applied at low rates to part of the field after draining. This study showed this technique was not efficacious under conditions of high bird pressure. Four fields treated in this manner suffered 98% loss of sprouts compared to 100% loss in four untreated fields. Large flocks of blackbirds (> 3,000) fed in all treated and untreated fields during the first four days after draining. Blackbirds were evidently able to distinguish between treated (ungerminated) and untreated (germinated) seed. Large feeding flocks of blackbirds were composed almost entirely of females (x = 94%; n = 17); it is not known whether these birds were residents or migrants. We recommend that future studies investigate the efficacy of using mixtures of methiocarb-treated seed and untreated seed at planting time for reducing blackbird damage to sprouting rice. Blackbirds cause extensive losses to sprouting rice in southwestern Louisiana. Methiocarb applied to rice seed prior to planting at rates above 1.0 g a.i./kg seed provided excellent protection to sprouting rice in Louisiana under conditions of high bird pressure (Holler et al. 1985). Use of methiocarb by growers under emergency (Section 18) exemption from the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) has been low, largely due to the high cost of treating all rice seed used in planting (Holler et al. 1982, 1985). In 1985 we determined the feasibility of protecting newly planted rice fields from blackbird damage by aerially applying treated seed on the fields upon completion of drainage after planting. This method has been used by farmers in Louisiana and subjective evaluation of its effectiveness has been inconclusive. If efficacious, this method would provide the grower with a measure that could be used after planting when bird pressure is known to be high. It would also reduce residues in drainage water and it would result in substantial reduction in the cost of protection. Personnel of the Crowley, Louisiana Field Station, U.S.D.A. (formerly U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), provided logistical support. A. Wilson, Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University, Crowley, Louisiana collected sprout count data from one field. Mesurol -' 75% Seed Treater for this test was provided by the Mobay Chemical. Corporation, Kansas City, Missouri. The study was conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior. The Animal Damage Control Program, including the Denver Wildlife Research Center, was transferred to USDA-APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service) on 3 March 1986.


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OpenCms 6.0 interactive documentation:
Step 4: Using a JSP template from scriptlet
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Using JSP templates without the OpenCms taglib
In the previous steps you learned how to use JSP based templates with the OpenCms <cms:> taglib.
If you want to create a scriptlet based JSP without using the taglib, there is another way to include template elements in your JSP. This is achieved by the JavaBean org.opencms.jsp.CmsJspActionElement . This Bean provides direct access to the functionality offered by the OpenCms taglib. It is described in detail in the com.alkacon.documentation.documentation_scriptlet module.
Here's a simple JSP that uses the template from the previous example without the taglib (check out the file example-jsp-template-action.jsp to see this in action):
<%
// create a JSP action element
org.opencms.jsp.CmsJspActionElement cms =
new org.opencms.jsp.CmsJspActionElement(pageContext, request, response);
// load the template head
cms.include("/system/modules/com.alkacon.documentation.howto_template/jsptemplates/howto-complete.jsp", "head");
// generate some output
out.println(new java.util.Date());
// load the template foot
cms.include("/system/modules/com.alkacon.documentation.howto_template/jsptemplates/howto-complete.jsp", "foot");
%>
The include() method here needs two String parameters, the first is the path and filename to the included JSP template, the second the name of the selected element. Instead of writing the name of the JSP template file directly in your JSP like we did in this example, you can also combine the methods of the CmsJspActionElement. For example you can use the method cms.property("template", "search") which returns the value of the "template" property if you attached this to the JSP (or a parent folder). This way you can achieve exactly the same result as using the <cms:include property="template" file="search" /> tag from the OpenCms taglib.
Whether you prefer using the taglib or the Java Bean is a matter of application (or taste). Both options execute the same code inside OpenCms. It is up to you to make your choice.
Conclusion
After working through this howto, you should be able to create your own JSP based templates in OpenCms. JSP based templates can be used for "editable" HTML pages and also for "dynamic" JSPs as outlined in our examples. Of course, not all options of the OpenCms taglib or scriptlet API available to build templates with have been explained in detail here. You should consult the reference modules for this libraries for more in-depth information.
©2003-2005 Alkacon Software (_URL_) - The OpenCms experts


Create a ticket
Q100175: Setting up Auto-Save functionality in MODO
This article explains how MODO's auto-save functionality works and how you can configure the behaviour. This is a useful feature to prevent you from losing too much work if MODO crashes before you save a project.
Auto-Saves are triggered at set time-intervals, but only if a change has been made in the scene. The file location, time-interval, and number of revisions are all configurable.
How to setup auto-save functionality
You can enable and change the settings of the auto-save within MODO's preferences:
 1. Launch MODO and then open the Preferences.
 - On OSX this can be found under the "modo" menu
 - On Windows and Linux the Preferences are under the System menu
 2. In the Preferences window, navigate to Defaults > Auto-Save
 3. Here you will find the following settings:
 - Enable - Turns auto-saving on
 - Time Interval (mins) - sets the time between auto-saves
 - Backup Directory - where the auto-save files are stored
 - Number of Revisions - how many different auto-save files MODO will make for each file
MODO will make auto-saves for each file you work on, meaning auto-saves from a different file won't override saves from another. If you haven't saved the file at all then the autosave will be called "Untitled.lxo"
 - If 'Number of Revisions' is set to 1 then autosave filename will match the original scene file
 where 'filename' is your scene name
 - If the revisions are set to more than 1, it will add a number to the start of the filename:
 NOTE: The most recent auto-save will have the highest number at the start of the file
How to load auto-saves after a crash
If MODO crashes, then the next time you launch MODO it will prompt you to ask if you wish to load the most recent save or auto-save (it will choose the most recent).
Alternatively, you can manually load an auto-save from the Backup Directory location.
If you encounter any issues performing the steps outlined in this article, then please open a Support ticket and let us know the issue you are encountering and the troubleshooting steps you have taken so far.
For more information on how to do this, please see the following article: Q1000064: How to raise a support ticket.
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Dublin: 17°C Thursday 24 June 2021
Would you take offence at being called a West Brit? The term has a muddled history
Sinn Féin's Micheal Mac Donncha caused controversy when he made the remarks earlier this week.
EARLIER THIS WEEK there was controversy when Sinn Féin councillor Micheál Mac Donncha used the term 'West Brit' to describe the people who run Irish rugby.
Speaking to TheJournal.ie, Mac Donncha defended the remark, saying:
"It was a Facebook comment, it wasn't a public statement. I think I reflects the attitude of a lot of people who regard the fact that there is no playing of the national anthem as being an anti-national attitude."
micheal mac donncha Micheal Mac Donncha Source: Graham Hughes/RollingNews.ie
He was criticised for his comments by Fine Gael councillor Neale Richmond, who called them "petty sniping".
Later, the Fine Gael senator Jim D'Arcy said the American equivalent of the term would be to call someone an 'Uncle Tom'.
So where did the term come from? And how offensive is it?
How did the term come about?
The origin of the term can be traced back to its use in the British House of Commons by Irish nationalist leader Daniel O'Connell, when he was proposing that it would be beneficial for Ireland to become a sort of 'West Briton'.
The term later came to prominence through its use in nationalist magazine 'The Leader', with journalist D.P. Moran using it to described individuals he did not view as sufficiently Irish.
By the early part of the last century it had been firmly cemented as a term of derision, with the Gaelic League (below) using it to promote Irish identity, in opposition to pandering to the United Kingdom.
5719546933_e8966c5671_z Source: National Library of Ireland via Flickr
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How offensive is it?
While it may have a muddled history, the term is now used only as an insult.
This most recent incident is not the first time that a Sinn Féin politician has found themselves in the spotlight over its use.
In 2011 Martin McGuinness used the term to criticise "elements" of the Dublin media during his presidential run.
Following this, it was noted by Miriam Lord in the Irish Times that it would be difficult for McGuinness to represent all of the people of Ireland if that was his attitude.
When asked about his comments McGuinness distanced himself from them, describing it as "an off-the-cuff remark".
In 2011, Anglican priest and journalist Patrick Comerford described the term as "racist and pejorative" and that its use is unacceptable in a pluralist democracy.
Read: Sinn Féin councillor's 'West Brit' comment "like an American calling someone an 'Uncle Tom'"
Also: Sinn Féin councillor defends calling people who run Irish rugby 'West Brits'
Read next:


text:
TNO Inst. for Perception, P.O. Box 23, 3769 ZG Soesterberg, The Netherlands
The energy at any location f[sub i]t[sub i] in the speech spectrogram can be derived by convolution of the speech signal with appropriate Gaussian-shaped cosine and sine waves. This leads to the so-called pixel energy, with an integration window centered at f[sub i]t[sub i] and Gaussian-shaped in both frequency and time. Analysis of the correlation for pairs of pixels at a given mutual distance in the spectrogram provides a parametric representation of speech, which shows interesting characteristics. One such representation is the spectral correlation matrix: the correlation for pairs of energy pixels drawn at the same instance at two different frequencies f[sub i] and f[sub j], with f[sub i] and f[sub j] chosen from a range of values at appropriate intervals along the frequency scale. It is found that, for a given talker, this spectral correlation matrix stabilizes after analyzing a speech token of about 10 to 15 s: Its features are then typical of speech as such, and do not depend on the actual content of the speech token. Details of such spectral correlation matrices appear to be characteristic of the talker.


text:
The revised Statement on Standards for CPE Programs (Standards) continues its journey toward implementation, and now you have the chance to offer input.
After the Joint AICPA/NASBA CPE Standards Committee finalized its recommendations, both the NASBA and AIPCA boards reviewed the document at their summer meetings and released an exposure draft for public commentary. That exposure period will end on October 13, 2011. If the process continues to follow the projected schedule, the revised Standards would receive final approval in late October/early November, and would go into effect on January 1, 2012.
Attendees at the CPE Conference received a copy of the revised Standards as they existed at that time. Since then, some major new revisions have come into play.
Among the areas which continued to see changes and revisions:
In addition, an alternative method to pilot testing for calculating the CPE credits for self-study programs has been recommended.
As proposed, this alternate method to calculate CPE credits is based on a word-count formula and tracks methodologies used in other professions. The NASBA Task Force researched the formula using 100 programs of varying length and difficulty, and determined that it produced results similar to pilot testing, and thus offered a reasonable alternative to CPE providers in calculating recommended CPE credits for self-study courses.
The word-count formula is based on the total number of words contained in the program's required reading components that are deemed critical. Critical, in this case, pertains to text that is necessary to the achievement of stated learning objectives. The word count is divided by 180, which is the average reading speed of adults. Next, the total number of review questions, exercises, and final-exam questions is multiplied by 1.85 - the estimated average completion time per question. These two numbers, along with an actual audio/video duration time, are added together. That total is divided by 50 to calculate the CPE credit for the self-study program.
The calculation looks like this:
[Number of words/180) + actual audio/video duration time + Number of questions x 1.85)]/50 = CPE credit
To read the full recommendation contained within the exposure draft, click here.


text:
- Gardner-Diamond syndrome
A syndrome of uncertain origin seen almost entirely in women, characterized by spontaneous, chronic recurring painful ecchymoses on the body. Clinical features are tingling, itching, pain and tenderness in the extremities, and painful nodules, which are red at first and later, haemorrhage. The patients bruise easily. Writers disagree as to whether this disturbance is an autoimmune disorder. According to some, it is caused by autosensitivity to a component of the erythrocyte membrane, others consider it to be of psychosomatic or factitious origin, as these patients frequently present particular psychological manifestations - hence the name of psychological purpura.
- F. H. Gardner, L. K. Diamond:
Autoerythrocyte sensitization: a form of purpura producing painful bruising following autosensitization to red blood cells in certain women.
Blood, New York, 1955, 10: 675-690.
- J. P. Scott, et al:
The autorerythrocyte sensitization syndrome as a primary manifestation of lupus erythematosus. The Journal of Pediatrics, St. Louis, 1981, 99: 598-600.


text:
Plate III. Leaving the River of May, the French Discover Two Other Rivers
A little afterwards they went on board again, hoisted anchors, and sailed farther on along the coast, until they entered a beautiful river, which the commander himself chose to explore in company with the chief of that vicinity and some of the Indians, and which he named the Seine because it was very like the River Seine in France. It is about fourteen leagues from the River of May. Returning to the ships, they sailed still farther north; but before going far, they discovered another fine river, and sent two boats to explore it. In it they discovered and island, whose chief was no less friendly than the others. This river they named the Aine. It is six miles from the Seine.
Jacksonville Public Library


text:
Every two years, PennDOT updates Pennsylvania's Twelve Year Transportation Program (TYP). As PennDOT's Board of Directors, the State Transportation Commission (STC) is charged with providing a high-level evaluation of Pennsylvania's transportation system and policy-driven direction for the development of the TYP. Public participation is a critical component of the TYP update process, but it was widely recognized that past efforts to involve the public were not effective.
HOW WE HELPED
Traditionally, input on the statewide plan of transportation projects was gathered through hearings where few members of the public participated. In fact, during the previous TYP update, only six members of the public testified at the hearings. With over two-thirds of Americans connected to the Internet and smart phone usage skyrocketing, McCormick Taylor developed a plan to harness new technology and innovation to provide the citizens of the Commonwealth with a more convenient and accessible method to participate in transportation planning.
The plan included the following innovative communications tools and techniques:
- A new modernized website
- An interactive online survey using Metroquest
- An online public meeting webcast
- Educational infographics
- Interactive web maps
- A collaborative promotions plan that brought together all the key stakeholders in the process
PennDOT and the STC were so pleased with the success of the pilot program that they adopted the modernized process in August 2013 and engaged McCormick Taylor to develop the TYP Report and continue public outreach support for the 2015 update. The 2013 outreach was very successful with 130 online meeting attendees and over 5,000 survey participants.
The project was recently awarded the Innovative Transportation Solutions Award by the Central Pennsylvania Chapter of the Women's Transportation Seminar. For more information, visit the website at _URL_.


text:
For Immediate Release
November 30, 2012
For More Information Contact:
Mayor's Press Office
Mayor Thomas M. Menino today announced that Partners HealthCare, and its founding hospitals Brigham and Women's and Massachusetts General Hospital, is committing $1 million to the Boston Public Health Commission for a collaborative effort among the two organizations and the Boston Public Schools to implement a social and emotional learning curriculum for 7,000 students in 23 Boston public elementary and K-8 schools.
"This program will give Boston's students another tool in their tool kits to help them to make good choices," Mayor Menino said. "This is a great example of how we can all come together and find ways to support our kids."
Coordinated by the Boston Public Health Commission's Division of Violence Prevention, the collaborative will strengthen students' skills so that they are empowered to promote positive behaviors and healthy relationships at school and in their community. By focusing on social and emotional learning, the organizations hope that educators can proactively address conflicts before they come to a head, instead of addressing the negative outcomes after the fact.
"Our goal is to help young people better understand their emotions and be able to talk about them and learn to manage them. This project will help young people develop skills for healthy, positive relationships," said Gary Gottlieb, MD, President and CEO of Partners HealthCare. "By working with the Mayor and Boston Public Schools on this initiative, we want to support our young people in the classroom and in the community."
The two-year grant will provide training and professional development for 750 teachers, teaching assistants and principals to implement the evidence-based Open Circle Curriculum. At the heart of the curriculum are 15 to 20 minute classroom meetings led by homeroom teachers twice per week. These interactive meetings include group discussions, role-playing, children's literature, and activities to teach important skills such as listening, sharing, cooperating, speaking up, calming down, expressing anger appropriately, recognizing dangerous and destructive behavior, and problem solving. These lessons are further reinforced throughout the school day as all staff members integrate the promotion, modeling, and labeling of positive social and emotional skills into their teaching practice, their relationships with students and their relationships with colleagues and parents.
"Every day we look for innovative ideas and strategies that we can use to support our students," said Boston Public Schools Superintendent Dr. Carol R. Johnson. "Social and emotional learning is critically important to our students so they can learn strategies that will help them manage their feelings and cultivate healthy relationships. We want each student to be their very best, and we look forward to working with our partners on this initiative to ensure that our students achieve all of their goals."
Recent research has shown that social and emotional learning does more than improve behavior. It can also help students make significant gains in academic achievement — on average, a gain of 11 percentile points in reading and math, according to a 2011 review of more than 200 studies published in the journal Child Development. Social and emotional learning also equips students with the skills that today's employers consider important for the workforce of the future – communication, collaboration, cooperation, goal setting, problem solving, and persistence in the face of challenges.
Open Circle, a program of the Wellesley Centers for Women at Wellesley College, is a comprehensive, whole-school approach to developing safe, caring and highly engaging classroom and school communities. Open Circle improves school climate and helps address a broad range of challenging behaviors in school, from disruption of classroom instruction to teasing, bullying, and fighting.
The extensive program training for teachers and administrators will ensure a consistent approach, vocabulary and expectations for student behavior school-wide. Parents and caregivers will also learn Open Circle approaches to use at home through workshops at the schools and at Boston Public Schools' Parent University. Additionally, schools will build capacity for sustained, continuous improvement in social and emotional learning through Open Circle peer coaches, parent group facilitators, and multi-departmental social and emotional learning leadership teams.
The NoVo Foundation has committed to fund through a $220,000 grant a broad research study examining process outcomes and program impact for this initiative.


Understanding and Improving Operating Room Scheduling at the VA-Ann Arbor Health System
Faculty/Clinicians/Staff: Prof. Amy Cohn, Dr. Ted Skolarus, Justin Dedecker, Dr. Tamar Lake, Rachel Moeckel, William Pozehl, Melissa Ringlein, Daniel Weir
Students: Fumiya Abe-Nornes, Samir Agrwala, Eric Chen, Laura Hattar, Malcolm Hudson, Max Wagner, Lan Yue, Shuhao Zhou
Project Contact: _EMAIL_
Project Synopsis:
Operating rooms (ORs) are vital to the overall operations of a hospital while also being one of their most expensive resources. Thus, it is imperative to maximize OR efficiency so that hospitals can increase their overall capacity for patient care while also saving significant amounts of money.
In this project, CHEPS is working with the surgical team at the VA-Ann Arbor Healthcare System in order to strategize ways of improving their OR efficiency. Some of the key performance indicators that we have focused on so far include:
 - OR Utilization: Proportion of scheduled OR time that is actually used for surgery
 - First-Case On-Time Start Rate: Proportion of first operations of the day that start at or before the scheduled time
 - Turnaround Time: Time in between two scheduled surgeries in the same OR
We are investigating specific factors within each of these areas that contribute to overall OR inefficiency by analyzing data from previous surgeries at the VA. The goal is to understand the current state of operations and eventually provide any needed interventions.
Papers, Posters, & Presentations:


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Graphite electrode is used as a conductive material in electric arc furnace smelting, and its consumption is proportional to the consumption of electric power. Electric Arc Furnaces are among the most important aggregates in steel production today. So, to understand a graphite electrode, first you must understand what an electric arc furnace is.
What Is An Electric Arc Furnace?
An electric arc furnace is an electric furnace that smelts ore and metal at a high temperature generated by an electrode arc. When the gas discharge forms an arc, the energy is concentrated, and the arc temperature is above 3000℃. For smelting metals, electric arc furnace has greater flexibility than other steelmaking furnaces, and can effectively remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. The furnace temperature is easy to control, and the equipment has a small footprint, which is suitable for the melting of high-quality alloy steel.
Graphite Electrode Consumption Mechanism in Electric Furnace Steelmaking Process
Graphite electrode is used as a conductive material in electric arc furnace smelting, and its consumption is proportional to the consumption of electric power. Modern electric arc furnace steelmaking uses electric energy and chemical energy as thermal energy to achieve the purpose of four (P, C, O, S), two (gas, impurity), and second (temperature, composition) in the steel making process. The performance of the graphite electrode is mainly reflected in the user whether it is applicable and consumed, and the consumption of the electrode is directly related to its own quality. The consumption of graphite electrodes in electric arc furnace smelting mainly consists of the following parts.
1. Consumption of graphite electrode ends and outer circular surfaces in an electric furnace
The arc generated by the graphite electrode in the electric arc furnace is divided into long, medium and short arcs, and the melting charge and the temperature rise depend on the arc power. The arc length is proportional to the secondary voltage and inversely proportional to the secondary current and the rate of temperature rise. In order to improve the smelting speed and greatly shorten the smelting time, the high chemical energy operation of forced oxygen blowing is adopted, which puts higher requirements on the oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance of the graphite electrode.
2. Residue consumption of graphite electrode produced during smelting
Residual consumption refers to the non-productive consumption part of the smelting process in which the lowermost electrode falls into the furnace and becomes the final waste. The generation of the residue is not only related to the intrinsic quality of the joint and the electrode, but also has a direct relationship with the magnetic card in the distribution of the cloth in the furnace, the atmosphere in the furnace and the operation of the power transmission.
3. The surface of the electrode is oxidized and peeled off with the consumption of opening and falling blocks.
In normal smelting production, if the surface of the graphite electrode is uneven or accompanied by flaking and falling off, there is a problem of carbonation in the molten steel.
4. Direct loss caused by fracture of graphite electrode during smelting
It is a common phenomenon that graphite electrodes are broken in all electric furnace smelting, and it is also the most important factor affecting consumption. It is normal for continuous consumption and occasional breaks in a complex environment, but continuous breaks are not normal. The reason is related to many factors. The overall view can be divided into: artificial break and mechanical break. The artificial break mainly includes: bumping and scratching during lifting, improper connection or improper method, improper sliding in the flat holder, poor hardness of hard collision or transmission control.


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SDN Mojorejo 1 Butterflies of East Java
the first step students must follow where does the butterflies lay their eggs. second, students must observe how long does the egg will emerge to be come caterpillars. third, students must observe how long does their stage in caterpillar and how does their shape. fourth, how long their stage in cocoon. the last, the students have to write their report.
SDN Mojoreo 01
to observe the complete metamorphosis processes of several butterflies which available around the school.
Lat: -7.92 Long: 112.55


The Floating Eye - Exhibition Guide 4A
This is the exhibition guide to The Floating Eye, the Sydney Pavilion for the Inter-City Pavilions Project at the 9th Shanghai Biennale.
Curated by Aaron Seeto, The Floating Eye presented new and existing works from six contemporary Australian artists, Brook Andrew, Shaun Gladwell, Raquel Ormella, Khaled Sabsabi, Shen Shaomin and Bababa International.
Sydney's geography between Asia and the West results in the constant overlaying of different historical and cultural contexts. In presenting the personal accounts generated by individual artists, to mark out the engagements and the discontinuities they experience as they try to negotiate ideas of locality and culture in globalised context, all of the artists in The Floating Eye articulates a specific history of Australia; a feeling of being connected and disconnected simultaneously.
The exhibition encourages an observation of a city's shifting references and influences, how the overlay of time and history and our emotions and sensations of a place, give meaning and form to our shared spaces. As such the contemporary artists in The Floating Eye hold strong connections with Sydney and offer varied perspectives of the city's transforming reality observed though its demographics, environment, history, politics, geography and society.
Together the artists in The Floating Eye presents a framework to illustrate how Sydney, and Australia, considers itself within the region and highlights the layering of histories and diverse social and cultural experiences, which speak to the experience of individuals living in global cities such as Sydney.
The Floating Eye Exhibition Guide
Editor: Aaron Seeto
ISBN: 9780980803525
40 pages
The Floating Eye - Exhibition Guide


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Synthetic web sling can be used for a variety of lifting and towing applications and have many advantages over the lifting chain, including low weight and ease of handling, so how to select the right webbing sling for your lifting application is very important.
The following are 6 key considerations you should learn before choosing a synthetic web sling:
Used mainly where acid conditions are present or a minimum stretch is desired, polyester is unaffected by common acid and hot bleaching agents, it is not suitable for use with concentrated sulfuric acid, alkaline or the locations where temperatures exceed 100°C or less than -40°C, stretch at rated capacity is approximately 3%.
The most widely used general-purpose synthetic web sling, is unaffected by grease and oil. It has good chemical resistance
to aldehyde, ethers, and strong alkalis. But it is not suitable for use with acids and bleaching agents or the locations where temperatures exceed 100°C or less than -40°C. Stretch at rated capacity is approximately 6-8%.
High-performance synthetic sling(Dyneema Sling)is made of a super strong polyethylene fiber. It is up to 15 times stronger than steel and up to 40% stronger if on a weight-for-weight basis. It has high energy absorption and low elongation, Dyneema sling floats on water.and is extremely resistant to abrasion, moisture, UV rays, and chemicals. As a result, it has an almost unlimited range of applications. Providing maximum strength and security for minimum weight.
2. Eye types
The eyes of web slings are usually connected with rigging hooks. They can help reduce the wear of the webbing slings end, thereby extending web sling life. The following photos illustrate the more common eye forms using at the end of synthetic web slings.
Synthetic web sling can be sewn in single, double, or multiple plies, basically, the more ply numbers, the much higher load capacity at the same width, refers to the layers of webbing that make up the body of the sling.
The wider width, the greater protection, and the higher rated capacity. Here below is the table to show the width of web sling and color coded to indicate their capacity:
The minimal safety factor value must be at least equal to> 7:1 for webbing and round slings, > 4:1 for accessories made of steel, > 5:1 for the remaining components.
5. Types of web slings
Flat eye & eye web sling, single layer, duplex or double duplex web slings with soft eyes at each end
Webbing Slings with Flat eye yellow
Round slings, endless or eye & eye types, are covered with a durable polyester fabric and very pliable.
Round Sling EN1492-2
Endless slings are one large "endless" loop, can be adjusted with wear points, to extend the working life of the sling.
Endless Web Sling ASME
6. Sling hitches
There are several types of sling hitches used for lifting, followings are the common types of sling hitches for rigging the load, you can easily find the different from the table.
Safety is always the most important aspect to consider when lifting and moving large objects, this article will help you understand some of the keys to choosing synthetic slings. Hilifting is always your best choice for buying the premium synthetic web sling at an affordable price.


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Taking its name from an old Italian painting technique where an artist paints using a mixture of pigments and water on wet plaster, Fresco's biggest draw is its Live Brushes:
Using the Adobe Sensei drawing AI, the tool mimics the real-world behavior of various paints, oils, and watercolors to a point where different colors can be mixed to form interesting and lifelike results Combining more colors with varying degrees of intensity can result in new colors you wouldn't usually find on a standard computer color palette.
There's a lot more to Live Brushes than just mixing colors; even the ways the paints and oils react have a realistic feel to them. Thick patches of oil leave deeper smidges of color. Watercolor strokes aren't entirely straight lines but rather have ridges and spread thinner the longer you paint with a single stroke. All the brushes are controlled using a stylus—so your hands won't get messy on a particularly inspired day.
To make painting easier, Adobe Freco has an almost similar UI to Adobe Photoshop with the layer bar on the right and the toolbar on the left (you can even import your customized Photoshop brushes into the app). If you aren't the biggest fan of the standard UI, you can scrap the whole thing and craft a customized UI of your own. You can even create new brushes in Fresco using Adobe Capture.
Adobe Fresco is currently being built specifically for the Apple iPad first with other versions to follow soon after. The app will be out later this year, but if you can't wait to get your hands on the digital painting program, you can sign up for the pre-release test here.


26 February 2019 In Drinking & Eating Patterns
Background: Alcohol-induced hangover constitutes a significant, yet understudied, global hazard and a large socio-economic burden. Old folk wisdoms such as "Beer before wine and you'll feel fine; wine before beer and you'll feel queer" exist in many languages. However, whether these concepts in fact reduce hangover severity is unclear.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the combination and order of beer and wine consumption on hangover intensity. Methods: In this multiarm, parallel randomized controlled matched-triplet crossover open-label interventional trial, participants were matched into triplets and randomly assigned according to age, gender, body composition, alcohol drinking habits, and hangover frequency. Study group 1 consumed beer up to a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) >/=0.05% and then wine to BrAC >/=0.11% (vice versa for study group 2). Control group subjects consumed either only beer or only wine. On a second intervention day (crossover) >/=1 wk later, study-group subjects were switched to the opposite drinking order. Control-group subjects who drank only beer on the first intervention received only wine on the second study day (and vice versa). Primary endpoint was hangover severity assessed by Acute Hangover Scale rating on the day following each intervention. Secondary endpoints were factors associated with hangover intensity.
Results: Ninety participants aged 19-40 y (mean age 23.9), 50% female, were included (study group 1 n = 31, study group 2 n = 31, controls n = 28). Neither type nor order of consumed alcoholic beverages significantly affected hangover intensity (P > 0.05). Multivariate regression analyses revealed perceived drunkenness and vomiting as the strongest predictors for hangover intensity.
Conclusions: Our findings dispel the traditional myths "Grape or grain but never the twain" and "Beer before wine and you'll feel fine; wine before beer and you'll feel queer" regarding moderate-to-severe alcohol intoxication, whereas subjective signs of progressive intoxication were confirmed as accurate predictors of hangover severity. This trial was prospectively registered at the Witten/Herdecke University Ethics Committee as 140/2016 and retrospectively registered at the German Clinical Trials Register as DRKS00015285

Reference/Source
Kochling,J.; Geis,B.; Wirth,S.; Hensel,K.O.
Grape or grain but never the twain? A randomized controlled multiarm matched-triplet crossover trial of beer and wine
Am.J Clin.Nutr, 2019, 109,2: 345-352.
25 January 2019 In Pregnant Women
OBJECTIVES: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is a worldwide problem. Maternal alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for FASD. It remains unknown which alcohol consumption patterns most strongly predict FASD. The objective of this study was to identify these.
DESIGN: Systematic literature review.
METHODS: We searched in PubMed, PsychINFO, PsycARTICLES, ERIC, CINAHL, Embase and MEDLINE up to August 2018. The query consisted of keywords and their synonyms related to FASD, pregnancy and behaviour. Studies were excluded when not published in English, were reviews or involved non-human subjects. Substantial heterogeneity precluded aggregation or meta-analysis of the data. Instead, data were qualitatively inspected.
RESULTS: In total, 21 studies were eligible for further data analysis. All studies that measured both maternal alcohol drinking behaviours and FASD reported retrospective data on maternal drinking patterns, employing both continuous and categorical measures and exhibiting substantial heterogeneity in measures of alcohol consumption (eg, timing of exposure, quantification of alcohol measure and definition of a standard drink). Study quality improved over time and appeared higher for studies based on active case ascertainment, especially when conducted in schools and when behaviour was assessed through interviews.
CONCLUSIONS: We aimed to identify specific maternal drinking behaviour(s) related to FASD. The state of the literature precludes such conclusions. Evidence-based preventive measures necessitate identifying which prenatal alcohol drinking behaviour(s) are most in need of intervention. Therefore, we formulate three recommendations for future research. First, future studies can optimise the value of the collected dataset through specifying measurements and reporting of maternal drinking behaviours and avoiding categorised measures (nominal or ordinal) whenever possible. Second, samples should not be selected based on FASD status, but instead, FASD status as well as maternal alcohol consumption should both be measured in a general population sample. Finally, we provide 10 reporting guidelines for FASD research.
04 December 2014 In Social and Cultural Aspects
Dissemination of medical knowledge is essential to wide groups of healthcare professionals, whether they are practising clinicians or researchers. The medical literature contributes in several ways, including editorials, clinical reviews, original papers, and letters to the editor. Introduction of more open access publishing has also improved global dissemination of clinical and research papers.In addition to original articles and reviews, some journals publish individual or collections of articles that have been sponsored by an agency other than the journal's publisher. The sponsorship is usually from the pharmaceutical industry but can also be from other organisations such as specialist societies, charities, or government agencies. The sponsorship usually covers the costs of producing and disseminating the publication, with some profit remaining for the journal. Without such sponsorship much of this material would not be widely published, and I therefore believe that it benefits medical knowledge.
_URL_
AIMS: Using terms of justification such as 'corporate social responsibility' and 'partnerships with the public health community', the alcoholic beverage industry (mainly large producers, trade associations and 'social aspects' organizations) funds a variety of scientific activities that involve or overlap with the work of independent scientists. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the ethical, professional and scientific challenges that have emerged from industry involvement in alcohol science.
METHOD: Source material came from an extensive review of organizational websites, newspaper articles, journal papers, letters to the editor, editorials, books, book chapters and unpublished documents.
RESULTS: Industry involvement in alcohol science was identified in seven areas: (i) sponsorship of research funding organizations; (ii) direct financing of university-based scientists and centers; (iii) studies conducted through contract research organizations; (iv) research conducted by trade organizations and social aspects/public relations organizations; (v) efforts to influence public perceptions of research, research findings and alcohol policies; (vi) publication of scientific documents and support of scientific journals; and (vii) sponsorship of scientific conferences and presentations at conferences.
CONCLUSION: While industry involvement in research activities is increasing, it constitutes currently a rather small direct investment in scientific research, one that is unlikely to contribute to alcohol science, lead to scientific breakthroughs or reduce the burden of alcohol-related illness. At best, the scientific activities funded by the alcoholic beverage industry provide financial support and small consulting fees for basic and behavioral scientists engaged in alcohol research; at worst, the industry's scientific activities confuse public discussion of health issues and policy options, raise questions about the objectivity of industry-supported alcohol scientists and provide industry with a convenient way to demonstrate 'corporate responsibility' in its attempts to avoid taxation and regulation.
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Ghoshanatantra, Ghoṣaṇatantra, Ghoshana-tantra: 1 definition
The Sanskrit term Ghoṣaṇatantra can be transliterated into English as Ghosanatantra or Ghoshanatantra, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
[«previous next»] — Ghoshanatantra in Shaktism glossary
Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva (shaktism)
Ghoṣaṇatantra (घोषणतन्त्र) or simply Ghoṣaṇa refers to one of the thirty-one Dakṣiṇatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama (or Śāktatantra) division of the Āgama tradition. The Śāktāgamas represent the wisdom imparted by Devī to Īśvara and convey the idea that the worship of Śakti is the means to attain liberation. According to the Pratiṣṭhālakṣaṇasamuccaya of Vairocana, the Śāktatantras are divided into to four parts, the Ghoṣaṇa-tantra belonging to the Dakṣiṇa class.
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Definition of soil stack in English:
The pipe that takes all the waste water from the upstairs plumbing system of a building.
- If after taking the above steps the sluggish performance persists, you may have an obstruction in the vent pipe that exits through your roof or somewhere in the soil stack.
- In the space at the back of our stairs we found a small room, a small room that contained the soil stack, into which the offending waste pipe terminated.
- The soil stack will dictate the position of the toilet.
Definition of soil stack in:
- British & World English dictionary
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I came across a recipe for buttermilk yeast bread which includes:
pinch of ginger (helps activate the yeast)
I tried searching around for more information about that, and the best I came up with was this "ask a scientist" question which suggests that it's some unknown compound(s) that somehow affect the yeast's growth - and that cinnamon inhibits it.
Does anyone have any more information? How strong is the effect? Are there any other things which similarly affect yeast growth?
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Dextrous malt or malted barley increases gluten formation without extra yeast. With regards to ginger I don't know. – justkt Feb 12 '11 at 17:21
3 Answers 3
up vote 13 down vote accepted
From Cookwise, there's a table given from Wright, Bice and Fogelberg's "The Effect of Spices on Yeast Fermentation" from Cereal Chemistry, March 1954. where amount is the grams of the given spice with 2 grams of sugar and 1 gram of yeast in 30 ml of water, and the change in yeast activity is measured in ml of gas increase in 3 hrs. Here's the section for ginger:
Amount Change in Yeast Activity
0.1 + 87
0.75 +172
1.0 +136
2.0 + 72
Of course, cinnamon shows an even larger increase at the 0.1 gram addition (+103), it just starts hindering at larger increments.
update : and to answer the second part of the question; Cookwise only listed a few additives (cardamom, cinnamon, ginger, dry mustard, nutmeg, and thyme), and they weren't all tested in the same amounts; the only two that were inhibiters were cinnamon in larger amounts, and dry mustard (for which they only had one point). It's possible that there was more in the original article, as the lead-in to the table said "The accompanying table shows the effects of some of these spices".
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Very interesting--and I would note that the ginger appears to hinder production at higher volumes like cinnamon does. I wonder if what the spices at low volumes are adding is digestible free amino nitrogen or some kind of fatty acid--both of which are great yeast nutrients--but at larger volumes their other constituents come into play. – bikeboy389 Feb 15 '11 at 15:51
_USER_: they don't have enough data points. The benefit decreases for the amounts they tested, but it's not a hinderance in the amounts tested, where the yeast actually produced less gas. (which occured at 1g of cinnamon added, and 0.25g of mustard) – Joe Feb 15 '11 at 16:27
I don't think the Ginger helps activate the yeast. In fact, ginger has anti-fungal properties, and as yeast is a very simple fungus, it seems very unlikely to particularly thrive in the presence of ginger.
I don't think it's reputed to be outright bad for yeast like cinnamon is, but it is supposed to kill other fungi.
I also looked into the chemical components of yeast nutrients for brewing (baking and brewing yeast being so similar as the be almost indistinguishable in most uses), and couldn't find anything listed as a desirable nutrient that matched up to what ginger brings to the table.
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I did expect someone might say "that's an old wives' tale; it doesn't do anything," but I wasn't expecting it to be harmful to the yeast! Interesting! – Jefromi Feb 14 '11 at 21:40
Yeast grows at an exponential rate until its fermentation poisons catch up with it and start inhibiting growth. Ginger acts as a buffering agent in small quantities. Very small quantities. A buffering agent controls the pH of the dough. As long as the dough pH remains within a certain range, yeast will continue to grow at an exponential rate. The effect of small amounts of ginger added to the dough can shorten rise time approximately 50 percent. it also improves the quality of the rise, giving smaller, more consistently sized bubbles. The key here is very small quantities. I never use more than a pinch, added to the initial proofing of the yeast mixture.
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