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 LaFourche Parish SSDI Lawyer
 The Social Security Disability Insurance or SSDI program offers much-needed financial relief to workers who have become unable to return to work due to physical or mental impairments, whether caused by illness or injury. Some workers, however, may receive an initial denial of benefits, which requires them to immediately appeal the denial and fight for the benefits for which they have worked. A LaFourche Parish SSDI lawyer can help you navigate after a denial of benefits and work towards a successful appeal.
 The appeals process for SSDI benefits can be complicated and require you to compile substantial amounts of medical evidence. An experienced personal injury lawyer may be able to help review and accumulate this evidence to build the most persuasive case possible on your behalf. This can be a crucial step toward protecting your right to receive SSDI benefits when you have become disabled and unable to work.
 Eligibility Requirements for Social Security Benefits in LaFourche Parish
 The eligibility requirements for SSDI are both financial and medical. First, individuals must prove that they have earned enough Social Security credits based on their age. The number of credits that individuals have acquired and the amount of their earnings help determine the amount of SSDI benefits to which individuals may be entitled.
 If individuals meet the earnings criteria for SSDI benefits eligibility, they then must offer proof that their medical conditions prevent or limit them from engaging in substantial gainful activity, which the Social Security Administration defines as the ability to generate a specific amount of earnings per month. To qualify for benefits, medical professionals must expect an individual's impairments to last for at least 12 months or to result in death. Since meeting these eligibility requirements can require a great deal of evidence, the assistance of a LaFourche Parish SSDI lawyer can be essential for individuals to provide the proof that they need to maintain a successful claim for benefits.
 Criteria and Conditions for SSDI
 The Social Security Administration maintains a listing of specific impairments or disabling conditions and the criteria that claimants must meet to be recover benefits. However, even if the impairments of the applicants do not meet or equate to one of the listings, they still may be able to establish eligibility for SSDI benefits.
 Individuals still could qualify for SSDI benefits without meeting one or more impairment based on their residual functional capacities, or RFC. This assessment measures the impact that medical conditions have on the ability of individuals to do basic work-related tasks. Medical evidence and in some cases, an independent medical examination by a doctor furnished by SSA can provide proof of RFC.
 Obtaining medical records can be instrumental in establishing eligibility for SSD benefits. The results of diagnostic tests, physician's notes, and examination results by specialists all can help support a successful claim for SSDI benefits. With the assistance of a LaFourche Parish SSDI attorney, individuals may have a better chance of qualifying for benefits without going through all levels of the often-lengthy appeal process.
 Speak to a LaFourche Parish SSDI Attorney Today
 Accumulating sufficient medical evidence to support a valid claim for SSDI benefits can be a difficult task. A LaFourche Parish SSDI lawyer can make this process much more manageable and help reduce stress.
 If you have been denied Social Security benefits from SSA, you have the right to appeal the denial. Call today to learn more about the SSDI claims process and how to recover benefits.


Black Googlers Network | Cultivating Inclusivity and Carving a Path
Championing - and ultimately constructing - an inclusive workplace, is an ongoing challenge for all businesses. How can you step forward from good intentions and actively effect change, in a world that is intrinsically skewed in the other direction?
Following the EMEA and SSA professional development summit 'Turning Point', Google committed to redouble their efforts in cultivating a more inclusive workplace. They wanted to instigate a tangible change and combat the underlying feeling amongst Black employees, that they could not succeed at Google. BGN (The Black Googlers Network) came to UpSkill Digital to devise a workshop that would ultimately provide the tools and framework for Black employees to feel empowered within the organisation.
First, it was important to pre-survey the employees to get a better idea of what they needed from the training. Then, armed with that understanding from the source, UpSkill Digital was able to create a bespoke career development programme that would make a real difference to attendees' career prospects and confidence.
The sessions addressed how Black Googlers could bridge career gaps and harness their cultural capital; provided insights on building a career that allows for growth; and explored the idea of navigating a corporate structure using entrepreneurial thinking. The class focussed too, on personal branding. How could Black Googlers create a personal brand statement, story and strategy within Google? The aim being for them to find their voice, carve their own path to a rewarding career, and have the tenacity to stand up and be seen. UpSkill Digital offered a blended learning programme of interactive online content; along with actionable frameworks for career planning.
Due to Covid-19, the BGN were also conscious that Black employees may be experiencing reduced visibility. So, we made sure to build 'Career Visibility - Visibility in The Virtual Workplace' into the masterclass. This served to educate attendees on how they might activate and influence their network, remotely.
Understanding the importance of creating a safe space and feeling of community in order to learn, UpSkill Digital provided in-house exposure to an internal Black leader, who was able to provide advice and guidance based on their lived experience. We also offered an open panel 'fireside chat' for attendees to share knowledge and discuss issues of concern.
Overall, UpSkill Digital trained 184 Googlers across 4 virtual sessions. Crucially, 100% of attendees felt the classes were inclusive; and their background, identity and experiences were both respected, and valued.


Home arrow Tutorials arrow How to Mock Static Methods
How to Mock Static Methods PDF Print
We have all read it or heard someone talk about it. "Static Methods are Death to Testability". You can read the article here: _URL_ Something that has become a fundimental piece of the language (all you need to do is look at the Apache Commons project to see that) is so bad that it must be avoided at all costs in the name of testing. Gosling (or someone on his team) put it in the language for a reason and to avoid those uses solely because your toolset doesn't support the testing of it is nonsense. Time to get a new toolset. In this tutorial we will cover how to mock static methods (*gasp) using PowerMock.
Using PowerMock
Let's start off with the basics. To use PowerMock, you'll have to download it from Google Code here: _URL_ (or you can add it to your POM if you are using maven). Once PowerMock is added to your project, mocking static methods is actually very easy.
Mocking a Static Method
As in all of my previous tutorials, we're going to do this one via TDD (Test Driven Development). For this example, we are going to assume we have the following utility class:
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public final class NetworkUtil {
 public static String getLocalHostname() {
 String hostname = "";
 try {
 InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
 // Get hostname
 hostname = addr.getHostName();
 } catch ( UnknownHostException e ) {
 }
 return hostname;
 }
}
As you can see, it returns the human readable version of the machine name. Now there is an issue with this. Chances are that the above code would run fine if we let it run through a unit test regardless of what environment we are in (*nix, Windows, OS X, etc). The issue is, however, we cannot predict the output. One of the key aspects of unit testing is the ability to predict the output of our test based on a given input. In this case, as we move our test from environment to environment, the results of the above method will change. Enter PowerMock.
So the requirements for our use of the above utility class is to create a URL to an image hosted on the local machine. The final URL should be in the following format:
http://LOCAL_MACHINE_NAME/myapplication/images/myimage.gif
Now you can stop laughing at the example. The purpose of this tutorial is not to find some painful testing feature, it's to show where the ability to mock static method calls is useful. So let's start our test:
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
@RunWith( PowerMockRunner.class )
@PrepareForTest( NetworkUtil.class )
public class URLGeneratorTest {

}
You'll notice immediately that there are two annotations needed to use PowerMock. First, we don't use the default JUnit runner when we use PowerMock. PowerMock provides it's own runner which we will need to use, specified with the @RunWith annotation. The other annotation we are using @PrepareForTest is used to identify all of the classes that PowerMock will be mocking. In our case, we will be mocking one class, so we pass in only one. If we have multiple, it can take an array of classes as well.
The creation of our setUp and shell test methods should look normal. Nothing exciting here:
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import static org.powermock.api.easymock.PowerMock.mockStatic;
import static org.powermock.api.easymock.PowerMock.replayAll;
import static org.powermock.api.easymock.PowerMock.verifyAll;
import static org.easymock.EasyMock.expect;
@RunWith( PowerMockRunner.class )
@PrepareForTest( NetworkUtil.class )
public class URLGeneratorTest {
 private URLGenerator generator;
 @Before
 public void setUp() {
 generator = new URLGenerator();
 }
 @Test
 public void testGenerateURL() {

 }
}
Now let's focus specifically on the test method. We're essentially going to do XYZ things:
 - Mock the class. Since static methods exist at the class level, we create a partial mock of all static methods with the mockStatic method.
 - Declare our expectations as normal. One of the biggest points about PowerMock is that the API is designed to mesh well with EasyMock. To record our expectations we do exactly as we normally would.
 - Replay our recorded expectations. PowerMock has a nice little method called replayAll. Instead of listing out all of the mock objects we want to replay, this method handles it for us.
 - Execute the method under test. Nothing exciting here.
 - Verify our execution. PowerMock provides the compliment to replayAll with verifyAll.
 - Assert the results. Normal JUnit applies here
 @Test
 public void testGenerateURL() {
 mockStatic( NetworkUtil.class );
 expect( NetworkUtil.getLocalHostname() ).andReturn( "localhost" );

 replayAll();
 String results = generator.generateURL();
 verifyAll();
 assertEquals(
 "http://localhost/myapplication/images/myimage.gif",
 results );
 }
That's it. The above code is all you need to test those "nasty" static methods. The untestable is now testable. Oh, wait. I guess we should write the actual implementing code so we can prove all of this works. Ok, check out the method that implements this test below:
public class URLGenerator {
 public String generateURL() {
 return "http://" +
 NetworkUtil.getLocalHostname() +
 "/myapplication/images/myimage.gif";
 }
}
I never said it would be pretty. But what it does do is it implements the test correctly and demonstrates my point.
Conclusion
So that's it. Mocking static methods (and other "untestable code") is actually quite easy when you put PowerMock to work. One thing I want to point out that PowerMock helped me see. Just because you can't do something with your current toolset doesn't mean that it's bad. It just means you may need to re-evaluate your toolset.
As always, I'm excited to read your comments! Have you used PowerMock? What about other ways of addressing the same issue? Let's hear 'em!
12 Responses
 - Joseph Hirn responded:
 This is why I don't like powermock. It screws with the class loader and using pertest is NOT a good option.
 _URL_
 Static methods can also be a smell because when you reference them statically (as you are supposed to), it's hard coding the implementation which gets in the way of IoC and Dependency Injection techniques.
 Do I still use static methods? Yes, but very rarely. Powermock is great for testing legacy code or stuff you don't have control over, but I think it doesn't force one to think about design the same way that standard Mock APIs do. In short, it's too powerful (_URL_ It should be used only when absolutely necessary, not by default.
 - Rogério Liesenfeld responded:
 Since you asked about "other ways"... ;^)
 Here is the JMockit version of the test:
 @Test
 public void testGenerateURL()
 {
 new NonStrictExpectations()
 {
 NetworkUtil mock;
 {
 NetworkUtil.getLocalHostname(); result = "localhost";
 }
 };
 String results = generator.generateURL();
 assertEquals("http://localhost/myapplication/images/myimage.gif", results);
 }
 A JMockit test class doesn't need to be annotated at all (not even @RunWith), nor extend a base class. (Also, "-javaagent" is easily avoided.)
 The same test can also be written as:
 @Test
 public void testGenerateURL_mockingJREClasses() throws Exception
 {
 new NonStrictExpectations()
 {
 @Cascading InetAddress mock;
 {
 mock.getHostName(); result = "localhost";
 }
 };
 String results = generator.generateURL();
 assertEquals("http://localhost/myapplication/images/myimage.gif", results);
 }
 -


text:
How Firework Shells WorkIn FWsim, you can build your own virtual fireworks by combining components.
In order to create your own realistic fireworks, it is helpful to know how real fireworks work.
Pyrotechnicians don't use rockets, but shells. FWsim can simulate both shells and rockets.
Multibreak ShellsMultibreak shells explode multiple times: A part of the shell explodes and releases stars, while another part continues flying upwards. These shells have a cylindrical shape.
Simulation in FWsimFWsim simulates the shells physically accurate. You can select the launch velocity and the size of the shell. Alternatively, you can just select the size of the shell, and FWsim chooses all the parameters automatically.
To create a multibreak shell, simply add several explosions to a shell. For more information, please refer to the Effect Editor Manual.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Injury & Illness Prevention
The IIPP is the "umbrella" safety program that details how the organization will protect employees from hazards in the workplace. Cal-OSHA requires that it be "established, implemented and maintained" (California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 3203). It covers eight basic components:
- Responsibility. Who is responsible for safety in the organization?
- Compliance. How will compliance with safety requirements be achieved?
- Communication. How will employees receive information they need to keep safe?
- Hazard Assessment. How will safety hazards be recognized and assessed?
- Accident/Exposure investigation. Who will conduct the investigation and how will and when should it be done?
- Hazard Correction. What can be done to eliminate or minimize the hazards?
- Training and Instruction.
- Record keeping.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The shingle urchin or helmet urchin (Colobocentrotus atratus) is a species of sea urchin in the family Echinometridae. In Hawaii it is known as "kaupali" which translates as "cliff-clinging". It is found on wave-swept intertidal shores in the Indo-West Pacific, particularly on the shores of Hawaii.
This urchin is a deep maroon colour and shaped like a domed limpet. It can grow as big as a soft ball but is usually much smaller. The upper surface is a mosaic of tiny polygonal plates formed from modified spines to form a smooth mosaic. This is fringed by a ring of large, flattened modified spines. On the underside there is another ring of smaller flattened spines and a large number of tube feet.
In a test comparing shingle urchins to other species of urchin, it was found that their ability to withstand being washed away by moving water excelled. A combination of their shape, their flattened spines and particularly the strong adhesion of their tube feet made them three times as resistant as other species such as Echinometra. This enables them to live on inhospitable wave-battered shorelines.


Drawer
Important: This information is out of date; for up-to-date information on using these design patterns, as implemented in Firefox OS building blocks, go to our Firefox OS building blocks page.
Drawers provide access to top-level navigation options that may be too numerous for a tabs or toolbar interface. Drawers can also be used to access user-generated content such as browser tabs, accounts in an email or messaging client, and so forth. Drawers slide out from the edge of the screen at the user's request (pushing the underlying content aside), then slide back out of the way when no longer needed. See the Coding guide for details on implementing drawers in your apps.
Characteristics
 - Drawers provide access to top-level navigation links that are usually user-configurable. For example, these are used for accessing accounts in the Email and Calendar apps, and for the list of open tabs in the Browser app.
 - Drawers can also be used to provide access to secondary or "power-user" features.
 - Drawers should be positioned on the left side of the screen.
 - To open a drawer, the user taps the standard "drawer" button. The drawer then slides in from the left side of the display, pushing aside the content below.
 - The drawer is closed when the user either taps the "drawer" button again, or anywhere on the visible area of the underlying primary interface. The drawer then slides off the screen to the left, pulling the primary content back into its usual position behind it.
 - Drawers are usually depicted as being one layer behind the primary interface.
 - Drawers are of variable width; however, enough room must be left for the drawer button on the primary interface to remain fully visible.
Visuals
Opened drawer
In this image, you see an opened drawer. It has a title, a number of options to choose from, and a button to add more items to the list.
Drawer with an item pressed
In this screenshot, the user has tapped on one of the items, and it is highlighted.
See also


text:
|dc.description.abstract||Coal company towns are defined by the experiences of the men who owned and the men who worked in the mines, broadly ignoring the women and families who also inhabited and toiled in these spaces. In the Northeastern Pennsylvania anthracite region, women undertook a variety of methods to change their social positions through the renegotiation of their gender, ethnic, and class identities. Performing 'proper' middle class American gender expressions, including through the adoption of culturally-coded objects, provided working class women with greater social power and cultural autonomy within the context of systemic worker deprivation and ubiquitous corporate domination. Drawing on identity performance theories, material culture theories related to gender, class, and migration, and theories of the built environment, I examine how women established identities based in and reinforced by material culture and spatial organization
Drawing on archaeologically recovered material culture, oral histories, archival research, and architectural data, I demonstrate the ways in which working class women used cultural norms to elevate themselves and their status within their communities. Women were able to balance their needs with ubiquitous gender oppression within working class industrial society by mastering the tasks assigned to women – responsibilities as mothers, familial ministers, household managers, and feminine matrons – and using those positions to pursue what they needed for their own survival. These identities were further negotiated and enforced by the built environment. By examining household decorations, house floorplans, house lot spatial organization, and company town layouts as a whole, I discuss how workers and company town architects used the built environment to exert and subvert ideas of power, control, and self-determination.
This research reveals that the process of identity formation amongst working class women in the anthracite region was a careful and complicated conversation between national level cultural influencers, industrial directors, and company town social trends. As women sought out and exploited new ways of exercising discretion over their otherwise structurally circumscribed situations, they gained social leverage and influence that has been consistently ignored in modern retellings of their lives.||en_US

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Tải sách – Download sách Star Wars What is A Wookiee? của tác giả William Shakespeare thuộc thể loại Ages 9 to 12 miễn phí định dạng PDF, EPUB, MOBI.
Explore the galaxy with your guide, C-3PO in Star Wars™: What is a Wookiee? Find out all about friendly, furry Wookiees and the other amazing creatures and aliens from the Star Wars world.
DK Reads are levelled into stages to help every child progress and become a confident reader. They feature engaging and highly illustrative topics with true kid appeal. Each page is supported with interactive questions to encourage children to access information from a range of sources and develop comprehension skills.
Good reads build great readers
Star Wars What is A Wookiee?
Từ khóa tìm kiếm


text:
Advancements in communication technologies continue to support the development of geographically-distributed teams. Yet as this practice grows, managers and staff remain concerned about the impact of working physically away from each other. This study theorizes social capital as the primary mechanism by which the level of distribution of individuals in teams and the use of communication technologies influence the work-related outcomes of job performance, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Three components of social capital are examined: structural, relational and cognitive. I use social network methodology to capture differences in face-to-face versus technology-mediated communication networks in a survey of over 250 knowledge workers and managers in 18 groups in 9 organizations. Analysis of the data includes structural equation and hierarchical linear models to test for latent variables, paths and multilevel effects. Preliminary results show that structural, relational and cognitive social capital vary in their effects on performance. I also find that face-to-face and technology-mediated structures function as distinct and separate sources of social capital. The results assist managers in further understanding how technology use and team organization relate to performance in distributed teams. Methods are suggested that managers can use to evaluate and improve individual and team social capital.
Arling, Priscilla A., "The Role of Technology, Communication and Social Capital in Distributed Teams" (2005). AMCIS 2005 Proceedings. 65.


text:
Japanese cosmetics company Cosmology has created specialised beauty products to address astronauts' skincare needs in space. Olivia Palamountain reports
A collaboration between skincare brand Pola and All Nippon Airways (ANA Holdings), the Cosmology skincare products were created after the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) called for skincare solutions that could be used in the resource-scarce, low-gravity and extremely dry conditions of outer space.
The innovative line includes a face wash and lotion optimised for use on the International Space Station (ISS), developed based on feedback from astronauts about deteriorating skin conditions experienced in spaceflights.
Extended exposure in space can dry out and thin the skin, causing irritation, itchiness and accelerated ageing. The extremely low-moisture environment and microgravity take a toll on the skin, which acts as the body's protective barrier.
Cosmology's space skincare products tackles these issues with innovative formulations. The no-rinse face wash removes dirt without the need for water, which is rationed aboard space ships, while the lotion maintains a thick, gel-like texture that won't scatter in zero gravity.
The products will debut on the ISS when they accompany JAXA astronaut Kimiya Yui sometime in 2024.
These are not the first cosmetics to head to outer space. As reported by CNN, in 2021, former NASA astronaut Joan Higginbotham talked to InStyle about using Vaseline, Cetaphil, foundation, blush, mascara and lipstick during missions, while Estée Lauder has sent a skincare serum into outer space as part of a commercial partnership with the American space agency.
However, Cosmology is the first line specially formulated for the rigours of life in space, with the aims of improving astronauts' quality of life and addressing common skincare concerns.
For anyone seeking astronaut-approved skincare without leaving Earth, mini versions of the Cosmology products will hit the shelves in October as the "Cosmology Space Crew Kit".
The kit is set to launch in about 2,800 stores, including Pola shops and on its website, plus 12 domestic airport duty-free shops. ANA international in-flight sales are also in the pipeline.
Meanwhile, London-based 111Skin creating products for Earthlings that respond to the cosmetic damage caused by life at microgravity, reports Wallpaper.


Returns a list of values in a possibly recursively nested Struct.
structure A Struct, possibly recursively nested.
flat_sequence A flat Python list of values.
A Struct nested the same way as structure, but with leaves replaced with flat_sequence such that when flatten, it yields a list with the same contents as flat_sequence.


text:
In order to function as a successful planter, it needs drainage. Therefore; the inner-folding-membrane receives a split, and a drainage system takes place which is illustrated and described through the diagrammatic images. One may not access the water pocket, without completely removing the planter from the wall, which eliminates water-spillage onto the wall's surface. This smaller container can be emptied and easily rinsed. I would also place some kind of fine-flexible mesh membrane inside the upper body, before inserting the plant's roots and soil. This would keep the soil from falling into the water pocket, and would also help in future plant replacements.
This design's fluidity and interconnectedness might be impossible to come to reality through past methods of production. Thanks to 3D-printing, one wildest ideas can come to life. This design may even generate a theme or a function as more planters are placed next to each-other. The way that wind may deform these membranes, becomes an example of such, which is also depicted in one of the images.
Additional Credits: Jack Sigel, Photographer
Shapeways, manufacturer, 3d-printing company


Hello there! Im currently making a 5 color print in illustrator and i got a few questions:
1) how bad is that my color layers are overlapping, like for example i got a yellow wall and above is layer with green and orange tree leaf, how will it turn out when screen printed?
2) how colours are counted, like if i have brown normal colour and brown with opacity 50% and multiply mode does it count as 1 colour and can they be on same layer?
3) i would like to have a detailed screen printing preparation guide with cmplicated design example.
Thank you whoever answers me )
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Whitechuck Glacier
Looking down the North Branch of Whitechuck Glacier in 1973 and 2006. This was a good ski up until the early 1990's and then was bare ground by 2003.
FEBRUARY 17, 2013
Death of a Glacier, Whitechuck Glacier, Washington
Posted by Mauri Pelto

The Whitechuck Glacier supplies flow to the headwaters of the Whitechuck River. Its white expanse has graced these headwaters for thousands of years. The Whitechuck Glacier retreated slowly from its advanced Little Ice Age position until 1930, while rapidly thinning. Thus, prepared it began a rapid retreat in 1930. This rapid retreat culminated in the total disappearance of the north branch of the glacier in 2001. No more does this glacier dominate the headwaters, and its demise has and will continue to alter the hydrology of the Whitechuck River headwaters.
A comparison of glacier surface elevation in 1983 and 2002 identifies the average thinning in the twenty year period from the USGS aerial photography in 1983 to 2002, for the northern branch is 15 m. For the southern branch the average thinning is 6 m. The total area of glacier ice left including the stagnant section by the northern terminus is 0.9 km2 less than 30% of the area of just 30 years ago. At the current rate of thinning and given the current ice thickness of 35 m this glacier will endure for the first half of this century.
Whitechuck Glacier in 1967 (USGS)
Whitechuck Glacier Terminus in 1994 looking west across basin deglaciated since 1940.
Whitechuck Glacier in 1988
Whitechuck Glacier terminus in 1995 ending in new lake formed since 1984.
Sentinel view of White Chuck Glacier in 2022. Illustrating retreat from the lake it terminated


text:
Democracy Perspectives from Computer Science: Challenges and Opportunities
April 29, 2021
In this panel, faculty from the Computer Science department at Montclair State University will discuss the state of cybersecurity with respect to democracy and elections, drawing on a data-informed perspective. For computing professionals, the animating questions focus on the capacity and availability of tools for interfering and protecting democracy. The emphasis is on uncovering and revealing challenges and opportunities with respect to technologies and democracy. Several brief case studies involving social media, electronic voting, or data mining, will be discussed.Panelists: Constantine Coutras, chair and professor, conducts research in the areas of Computer Networking (performance evaluation of data communication protocols) and Digital Filter Design. He is also interested in Computer and Network Security. Boxiang Dong, assistant professor, has research interests that fall into the intersection of cybersecurity and big data analytics. Chris Leberknight, associate professor, specializes in Digital democracy (online censorship), Cyber Security, Modeling and Analysis of Technological and Social Networks. Stefan Robila, professor and Director of the Computational Sensing Laboratory, has research interests in computational sensing, including development and implementation of computationally efficient feature extraction algorithms that use high performance computing. In addition he has also worked on greening the computing infrastructure and cybersecurity. Bharath Kumar Samanthula, assistant professor, has research interests that span across Applied Cryptography, Information Security, Data Mining, and Big Data. His current work centers around privacy-enhanced techniques for various distributed data management and analysis tasks in the fields of Online Social Networks, Cloud Computing, Wireless Sensor Networks and Smart Grids. Omar Alkhalili, a MSU graduate student, has worked in application support and quality assurance testing at various tech companies in the New York metropolitan area. He is interested in automation, cyber security and social media misinformation.


re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.findall("ai", txt)
print(x)
Try it Yourself »
The list contains the matches in the order they are found.
If no matches are found, an empty list is returned:
Example
Return an empty list if no match was found:
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.findall("Portugal", txt)
print(x)
Try it Yourself »

The search() Function
The search() function searches the string for a match, and returns a Match object if there is a match.
If there is more than one match, only the first occurrence of the match will be returned:
Example
Search for the first white-space character in the string:
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.search("\s", txt)
print("The first white-space character is located in position:", x.start())
Try it Yourself »
If no matches are found, the value None is returned:
Example
Make a search that returns no match:
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.search("Portugal", txt)
print(x)
Try it Yourself »

The split() Function
The split() function returns a list where the string has been split at each match:
Example
Split at each white-space character:
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.split("\s", txt)
print(x)
Try it Yourself »
You can control the number of occurrences by specifying the maxsplit parameter:
Example
Split the string only at the first occurrence:
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.split("\s", txt, 1)
print(x)
Try it Yourself »
The sub() Function
The sub() function replaces the matches with the text of your choice:
Example
Replace every white-space character with the number 9:
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.sub("\s""9", txt)
print(x)
Try it Yourself »
You can control the number of replacements by specifying the count parameter:
Example
Replace the first 2 occurrences:
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.sub("\s""9", txt, 2)
print(x)
Try it Yourself »

Match Object
A Match Object is an object containing information about the search and the result.
Note: If there is no match, the value None will be returned, instead of the Match Object.
Example
Do a search that will return a Match Object:
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.search("ai", txt)
print(x) #this will print an object
Try it Yourself »
The Match object has properties and methods used to retrieve information about the search, and the result:
.span() returns a tuple containing the start-, and end positions of the match.
.string returns the string passed into the function
.group() returns the part of the string where there was a match
Example
Print the position (start- and end-position) of the first match occurrence.
The regular expression looks for any words that starts with an upper case "S":
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.search(r"\bS\w+", txt)
print(x.span())
Try it Yourself »
Example
Print the string passed into the function:
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.search(r"\bS\w+", txt)
print(x.string)
Try it Yourself »
Example
Print the part of the string where there was a match.
The regular expression looks for any words that starts with an upper case "S":
import re
txt = "The rain in Spain"
x = re.search(r"\bS\w+", txt)
print(x.group())
Try it Yourself »
Note: If there is no match, the value None will be returned, instead of the Match Object.
Python PIP
What is PIP?
PIP is a package manager for Python packages, or modules if you like.
Note: If you have Python version 3.4 or later, PIP is included by default.
What is a Package?
A package contains all the files you need for a module.
Modules are Python code libraries you can include in your project.
Check if PIP is Installed
Navigate your command line to the location of Python's script directory, and type the following:
Example
Check PIP version:
C:\Users\Your Name\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts>pip --version
Install PIP
If you do not have PIP installed, you can download and install it from this page: _URL_
Download a Package
Downloading a package is very easy.
Open the command line interface and tell PIP to download the package you want.
Navigate your command line to the location of Python's script directory, and type the following:
Example
Download a package named "camelcase":
C:\Users\Your Name\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts>pip install camelcase
Now you have downloaded and installed your first package!
Using a Package
Once the package is installed, it is ready to use.
Import the "camelcase" package into your project.
Example
Import and use "camelcase":
import camelcase
c = camelcase.CamelCase()
txt = "hello world"
print(c.hump(txt))
Run Example »
Find Packages
Find more packages at _URL_
Remove a Package
Use the uninstall command to remove a package:
Example
Uninstall the package named "camelcase":
C:\Users\Your Name\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts>pip uninstall camelcase
The PIP Package Manager will ask you to confirm that you want to remove the camelcase package:
Uninstalling camelcase-02.1:
 Would remove:
 c:\users\Your Name\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\camecase-0.2-py3.6.egg-info
 c:\users\Your Name\appdata\local\programs\python\python36-32\lib\site-packages\camecase\*
Proceed (y/n)?
Press y and the package will be removed.
List Packages
Use the list command to list all the packages installed on your system:
Example
List installed packages:
C:\Users\Your Name\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts>pip list
Result:
Package Version
-----------------------
camelcase 0.2
mysql-connector 2.1.6
pip 18.1
pymongo 3.6.1
setuptools 39.0.1

Python Try Except
The try block lets you test a block of code for errors.
The except block lets you handle the error.
The else block lets you execute code when there is no error.
The finally block lets you execute code, regardless of the result of the try- and except blocks.
Exception Handling
When an error occurs, or exception as we call it, Python will normally stop and generate an error message.
These exceptions can be handled using the try statement:
Example
The try block will generate an exception, because x is not defined:
try:
 print(x)
except:
 print("An exception occurred")
Try it Yourself »
Since the try block raises an error, the except block will be executed.
Without the try block, the program will crash and raise an error:
Example
This statement will raise an error, because x is not defined:
print(x)
Try it Yourself »
Many Exceptions
You can define as many exception blocks as you want, e.g. if you want to execute a special block of code for a special kind of error:
Example
Print one message if the try block raises a NameError and another for other errors:
try:
 print(x)
except NameError:
 print("Variable x is not defined")
except:
 print("Something else went wrong")
Try it Yourself »
Else
You can use the else keyword to define a block of code to be executed if no errors were raised:
Example
In this example, the try block does not generate any error:
try:
 print("Hello")
except:
 print("Something went wrong")
else:
 print("Nothing went wrong")
Try it Yourself »
Finally
The finally block, if specified, will be executed regardless if the try block raises an error or not.
Example
try:
 print(x)
except:
 print("Something went wrong")
finally:
 print("The 'try except' is finished")
Try it Yourself »
This can be useful to close objects and clean up resources:
Example
Try to open and write to a file that is not writable:
try:
 f = open("demofile.txt")
 try:
 f.write("Lorum Ipsum")
 except:
 print("Something went wrong when writing to the file")
 finally:
 f.close()
except:
 print("Something went wrong when opening the file")
Try it Yourself »
The program can continue,


text:
10 Mar Teaching Science as Inquiry
Implementating the No Child Left Behind Act has resulted in great challenges for teachers, and by extension, a greater need for professional development, than ever before.
CRDG's Science Section has responded to this need by creating a series of twoand three-day workshops on teaching science through inquiry. Research has shown that learning through inquiry enhances students' capacity to understand the concepts and skills of science. Our science faculty drew on their thirty-five years of experience supporting teachers and schools K–12 as they implemented inquiry strategies in their classrooms to create this series of workshops. The first session was held on Guam in the summer of 2005 where twenty-four elementary teachers from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) focused on teaching astronomy through inquiry. Other modules developed in 2005 are Simple Machines (elementary), Why Do Things Sink and Float? (middle school), and Aquatic Science (high school).


text:
Control Color of LED Matrix on Raspberry Pi Sense HAT over WebSockets
This example shows how to use the Simulink® Support Package for Raspberry Pi® Hardware to control the color of an 8x8 LED matrix on Raspberry Pi Sense HAT from a web page over WebSockets.
Raspberry Pi hardware
Raspberry Pi Sense HAT
Micro USB cable
Configure the Raspberry Pi network using the Hardware Setup screen.
Step 1: Connect Raspberry Pi Hardware to Sense HAT and Computer
Tip: Before you start this example, we recommend you complete the Getting Started with Simulink Support Package for Raspberry Pi Hardware and Publish Data from Raspberry Pi Sense HAT to WebSocket Server examples.
1. Plug the Sense HAT module into the GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi hardware.
2. Connect the micro end of the USB cable to the Raspberry Pi and the regular USB end of the USB cable to the computer. Wait until the PWR LED on the hardware starts blinking.
Step 2: Open and Configure WebSocket Subscribe Simulink Model
Open the Raspberry Pi Dashboard Monitor and Tune model.
The model is divided into two areas based on the functionality of the blocks in each area.
Subscribe Data to Websocket Client: This model shows how to subscribe to the data from a web page over WebSockets. In this model, the WebSocket Subscribe block is configured to receive RGB values from the web browser. The output of the Websocket Subscribe block is connected to a subsystem. On receiving a valid input, the subsystem converts the RGB values to an 8x8 matrix and then provides the values to the Color Display block.
Step 3: Configure and Run Simulink Model
1. Modify the Server IP address and Server Port parameters of the WebSocket Publish and WebSocket Subscribe blocks.
Server IP address: The address of your Raspberry Pi hardware. The IP address specified in this example is a private IP address so that you can access the server in a private network.
Server Port: The port number of the server application running on your Raspberry Pi hardware. The client publishes or subscribes to data from this port on the server.
2. On the Hardware tab of the Simulink model, in the Mode section, select Run on board and then click Build, Deploy & Start.
The deployed model starts receiving pixel values from the client application running on your browser.
Step 4: Control Pixel Values from WebSocket Client
To open the dashboard in your default web browser, enter this command at the MATLAB® Command Window:
Tip: The web browser dashboard is best viewed in a Google Chrome® or Firefox® browser.
While the model is running on the hardware, drag the thumb of the scroll bar on the page. When you drag the scroll bar, the pixel values are communicated to the server application running on the hardware, which in turn changes the color of the LED matrix on the Raspberry Pi Sense HAT.
Publish Data from Raspberry Pi Sense HAT to WebSocket Server


text:
The Startle Response test is used to measure sensorimotor dysfunction, as well as hearing deficits in response to a loud acoustic stimulus. By providing mice with a wide range of acoustic stimuli of varying loudness, and plotting the intensity of the startle response, a startle threshold indicative of hearing abilities is determined (Loos et al 2012).
Sound attenuated box to measure startle response of mice and rats.
View our comprehensive range of sensitive and automated behavioural tests
Related neurology resources
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Highly relevant ALS motor neuron disease models to facilitate preclinical drug development


text: It is commonly believed that only T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes expressing recombination-dependent antigen-specific receptors mediate contact hypersensitivity responses to haptens. Here we found that mice devoid of T cells and B cells demonstrated substantial contact hypersensitivity responses to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and oxazolone. Those responses were adaptive in nature, as they persisted for at least 4 weeks and were elicited only by haptens to which mice were previously sensitized. No contact hypersensitivity was induced in mice lacking all lymphocytes, including natural killer cells. Contact hypersensitivity responses were acquired by such mice after adoptive transfer of natural killer cells from sensitized donors. Transferable hapten-specific memory resided in a Ly49C-I(+) natural killer subpopulation localized specifically in donor livers. These observations indicate that natural killer cells can mediate long-lived, antigen-specific adaptive recall responses independent of B cells and T cells.


Banner Standards Management
Purpose of Modification
Summary of Modification for PWRERRL
Version 8.2.c -This is an OUS report that highlights six situations to help identify input problems and correct payroll errors as follows: 1. Gross and Net Pay: The audits identify employees with gross and/or net pay exceeding whatever dollar amount is entered in parameter 05 (Threshold Amount). Both gross and net are checked, as it is possible to make an error in the entry of an "add/replace" amount and give an employee an erroneous figure. 2. Hours: The audit lists employees with paid hours exceeding the number of available hours in the month, or 173.33; whichever limit is greater. This should help identify situations of duplicate entry, data entry errors, etc. 3. Arrears: The audit identifies employees with arrearage deduction situations. 4. Deductions: The audit identifies classified employees who do not have 80 regular hours in a month (or 86.67 regular hours for unclassified employees), or are listed with their contribution deductions. Benefits personnel should review the entries in order to determine whether to stop these or other deductions. 5. FICA Warning: The audit identifies U.S. citizens who are not students and have TSS and TME deductions, but a status of exempt or waived. 6. Comp Error: The audit identifies scenarios where an employee's comp time earned, non-exempt or exempt, minus comp time taken, paid, adj., plus leave balance, is greater than 120. Version 4.2.a was a report modification with the following changes: Change hours in month to 184, report only PSA errors, and 9 month not in summer. The report also allows you to limit the report to certain Employee Classes by the use of parameter 06.
[Return to All Modifications List]
[Return to Banner Standards Management Main Page]
Return to Controller's Division Table of Contents]
Contact: Controller's Division
Page Top


text:
The Borderlands Center for Educational Studies, Closing the Opportunity Gap (CoG) Project
Getting the Word Out
Preparing For and Choosing Whether to go to College: All Youth Should Have the Option
- The Closing the Opportunity Gap (CoG) Project is a multipronged effort spearheaded by the Borderlands Center for Educational Studies (BoCES) in partnership with the Departments of Curriculum and Instruction and Chemistry/Biochemistry at NMSU.
- Serving as Co-PIs are Dr. Antonio Lara from the Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Drs. Rudolfo Chávez Chávez and Hermán García, both from the Department of Curriculum and Instruction (C&I).
- The CoG builds on recent successful efforts of BoCES and weaves together several empirically tested best practices as the foundation for an intensive outreach effort that exposes historically underserved middle school students to NMSU student Role Models/Leaders and the campus itself.
- Research has demonstrated that the middle school level is critical because Latino students who enter 9th grade with a plan for any type of formal education beyond high school (and thus the purpose of their high school work is clear) are far more likely to finish not only high school but college as well. Additional research has demonstrated that role-rehearsing is an important element in "getting ready" to go to college and in persisting because it assists individuals in negotiating the physical, social, and cognitive/academic geographies of college campuses.
- Within this model, the campus tour is more than merely a marketing strategy because it orients K-12 students to the university experience by beginning to develop their cognitive maps of the physical geography and their social maps through the contacts with university students and staff.
- In line with these and other best practices, (18) undergraduate and graduate students have participated as Role Models/Leaders in the last two years. During this time they worked with (240) 8th grade students from Camino Real Middle School.
- All of the models completed a four part train-the-trainer workshop model with Dr. Valverde that prepared them to build relationships with the 8th grade students.
- Following their training, the CoG Role Models/Leaders visited Camino Real multiple times and facilitated discussions about career and college options and the importance of high school preparation.
- After the visits to Camino Real, the middle school students spent a day at NMSU exploring key academic, social, and administrative spaces.
- Following this, the Role Models/Leaders facilitated one final visit at Camino Real where they tied the CoG project into other high school planning and career exploration efforts occurring at the school.
- Quantitative and qualitative data are collected every year and lessons learned are documented and shared with NMSU leaders. The hope is to help create a more effective educational pipeline for historically under-served students.


text:
- Walking poster presentation
- Open Access
Improved 2D slice-interleaved flow-independent cardiac black blood imaging using Ferumoxytol
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 17, Article number: Q21 (2015)
Double inversion recovery (DIR) is the most commonly used black blood (BB) preparation method. However its single slice nature makes the acquisition inefficient and flow-dependence causes insufficient blood suppression when stagnant blood or in-plane blood flow is present. In this work, we propose to use ferumoxytol, an FDA approved iron oxide particle for treating iron deficiency anemia, as an MR contrast agent to achieve flow-independent BB imaging by taking advantage of its strong R2 relaxivity. As our technique eliminates the need for DIR preparation, we propose to achieve higher scan efficiency by interleaving the imaging slices.
On seven healthy volunteers, we acquired 12 consecutive short axis (SA) slices covering the ventricles and 2 horizontal long axis (HLA) slices, both preand postferumoxytol injection. Conventional ECG gated single-slice breath-held DIR Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) sequence was used for pre-contrast acquisition, with TR=2 R-R interval, TE=37ms, echo spacing (ESP)=5.25 ms, echo train length (ETL)=15 and TI=600ms. Subsequently, ferumoxytol was injected (4 mg-Fe/kg) and the proposed BB imaging shown in Fig. 1 was performed. The elimination of DIR preparation enabled slice-interleaved scan where 12 SA slices were acquired in 4 breath-holds. TR, TE, ESP and ETL were kept the same for the post-contrast sequence. A TE of 37ms was found to be a good balance between suppressing blood signal and maintaining myocardium signal. SNR, CNR and sharpness of the septal wall were quantified and compared using the preand post-contrast BB techniques.
In mid-ventricle SA slices (slice number 7-12), both preand postcontrast images offered satisfactory dark blood contrast. For apical slices (slice number 1-6), post-contrast images showed significant improvement in all 7 volunteers by eliminating stagnant blood signal. In HLA views (shown in Fig. 2), the stagnant blood was evident in pre-contrast images near apex and mid-ventricle myocardium; whereas in post-contrast images, such residual blood signals were eliminated in all volunteers. Average myocardial SNR and myocardium-blood CNR increased after ferumoxytol injection, especially for apical segments (CNR: 6.2±8.13 vs. 22.6±6.4s, P<0.0001). The preand post-contrast BB imaging had similar sharpness values (P=0.877).
Compared to conventional DIR BB imaging, the proposed ferumoxytol-enhanced slice-interleaved TSE technique provides improved blood signal suppression that does not depend on flow and is at least 3X faster than conventional DIR for the same anatomical coverage. It also provides higher SNR and CNR due to signal boost from ferumoxytol.
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, J., Finn, P.J. & Hu, P. Improved 2D slice-interleaved flow-independent cardiac black blood imaging using Ferumoxytol. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 17, Q21 (2015). _URL_
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Short Axis Slice
- Blood Signal
- Turbo Spin Echo
- Echo Train Length


ChristianAnswers.Net WebBible Encyclopedia
 - This word is frequently used in its proper sense, for fastening a tent (Ex. 35:18; 39:40), yoking animals to a cart (Isa. 5:18), binding prisoners (Judg. 15:13; Ps. 2:3; 129:4), and measuring ground (2 Sam. 8:2; Ps. 78:55).
 - DEATH—Figuratively, death is spoken of as the giving way of the tent-cord (Job 4:21. "Is not their tent-cord plucked up?" Revised Version).
 - TO GIRD ONE'S SELF WITH A CORD was a token of sorrow and humiliation.
 - TO STRETCH A LINE OVER A CITY meant to level it with the ground (Lam. 2:8).
 - THE "CORDS OF SIN" are the consequences or fruits of sin (Prov. 5:22).
 - A "THREEFOLD CORD" is a symbol of union (Eccl. 4:12).
 - THE "CORDS OF A MAN" (Hos. 11:4) means that men employ, in inducing each other, methods such as are suitable to men, and not "cords" such as oxen are led by.
 - CORDS OF VANITY—Isaiah (5:18) says,
 This verse is thus given in the Chaldee paraphrase:
 Henderson in his commentary says:


text:
POWER UP - Female Pop Art
Rediscovering outstanding women Pop artists, POWER UP fulfills Dorothy Iannone's combative promise after fifty years. The show aims at the reinterpretation of an art movement that until today has primarily been associated with male protagonists. Plastic, loud colors, reduced forms, and graphic contours – the nine women artists' works on display resemble those of their male colleagues in many respects. Whereas their works appeal to the taste of the masses, these artists, as pioneers of Feminism, have remained belligerent and critical. They reveal the consumer culture's superficiality, exposing the commodity myth as an empty shell like Christa Dichgans, ironically transforming everyday objects to oversized kitsch objects like Jann Haworth, or exploring mass media clichés and superstar constructions like Rosalyn Drexler. Like Sister Corita, a committed peace activist, they took a clear stand on the sixties' social and political events such as the Vietnam
The exhibition pursues its political perspective in those instances where the era's current notions of what a woman is are revised by different views: Kiki Kogelnik and Marisol describe the corset in which the representation of women by themselves and by others is caught, while Evelyne Axell or Dorothy Iannone provocatively display the nude body, love, and sexuality, and, like Niki de Saint Phalle, attract the viewer's attention with sophisticated modes of self-presentation.


guide.
Now create a new custom material, you can start this by duplicating the Autodesk CYMK 25 micron profile. Configure the profile as per the screenshots above. The main settings changes are
Burn in Layers
 - Number of layers: 10
 - Wait (before exposure): 0.5 s
 - Exposure time: 3 s
 - Separation Slide Velocity: 20 RPM
 - Approach Slide Velocity: 20 RPM
Model layer:
 - Wait (before exposure): 0 s
 - Exposure time: 1.2 s
 - Z-axis overlift: 0.25 mm
 - Separation Z-axis Velocity: 5 mm/s
 - Angle of rotation: 0 degrees
In the object browser, turn off the automatic support generation then slice and send the job to your printer.
I've also attached the job file to the instructable in case you can't be bothered with the above!
Print:
Follow the Pre-Print Checklist then sit back and watch your Ember print at 440mm/hour.
Step 3: Explanations, Limitations and Future Work
So that was pretty cool! Lets look at why the optimizations worked, the limitations of the system, what that means in practice and how it could be improved on in the future.
Explanation
Direct pull (printing without separation) worked in this instance principally because we used software to optimize the geometry and material.
You'll notice from the graph above that the lattice structure that the global surface area (the sum of all the white pixels in a given slice) never exceeds 15% of the slice. The global surface area must remain below 15% so that the suction forces, which remember are proportional to surface area, do not become greater than the strength of the cured resin, the tear strength of the PDMS window and the normal force that the linear drive and motor can deliver. If the suction forces exceed any of these then the failure modes are as follow:
 - Suction force > strength of cured resin: the printed object is pulled apart
 - Suction force > tear strength of the PDMS: the PDMS so torn apart
 - Suction force > normal force delivered by the linear drive and motor: the z-axis jams
You can see from the graph and the video at the top of this step that the geometry changes rapidly from layer to layer showing that fluid can easily flow into the areas that need to cure. If we were to print a vertical column, then after a few layers all the fluid between the part and the PDMS would be used up and it would be difficult to get more fluid into the curing area.
We also optimized the material to make it cure quicker and to a deeper depth by reducing the about of photo-inhibitor, this allowed us to print deeper layers. Technically, you could call this out, because printing at 250 micron layers is 10 times faster than 25 micron layers. But with the optimization of the geometry and process, we were able to make Ember print 24 times faster.
Limitations
There are four principal limitations to the geometry that you can print
 1. Global surface area
 2. Local surface area: The surface area of individual parts of the slice. For example, a strut in the lattice.
 3. Rate of change of position of local surface area: How the position of local surface area changes from layer to layer
 4. Strength of the cured material
Global Surface Area:
The suction forces generated by the global surface area of the part must not exceed the normal separation force of the system.
Local Surface Area:
The maximum length of the center of each local surface area to the boundary should be less than maximum distance that a fluid particle could move from the boundary to the center at a given print speed and resin viscosity. Essentially, if the local surface area of a strut is too big, then resin will not be able to reach the center.
Rate of Change of local surface area:
The rate of change of position local surface area should be such that no pixels are exposed in X consecutive layers.
Strength of the cured material:
At a certain speed, the normal forces will become greater than the strength of the cured material causing the printed part to pull itself apart.
Future Work
So how could you make a faster system?
 1. Make it stiffer: the z-axis, the resin tray, the optical window and the resin
 2. Make the inhibition layer thicker
 3. Make the resin cure quicker and lower viscosity
Make it stiffer:
The stiffer the system, the quicker you can pull and the faster you will print. Every component of the system will need to be stiff enough to withstand the suction forces; this includes the cured resin, the optical window, and the Z-axis. But be careful, if you make the resin too stiff and strong, then it will become difficult to remove from the build head and remove any supports.
Make the inhibition layer thicker:
At 5 microns the inhibition layer just isn't that thick. If you could get the inhibition layer up to 500-1000microns thick, then the suction forces would be negligible, the holy grail, but more challenging than it seems.
Make the resin cure quicker and lower viscosity:
A lower viscosity resin that cures in milliseconds would increase print speed but would not overcome the limitations outlined above.
What do these limitations mean in practice?
For a start, you can't print standard DLP SLA parts like dental restorations, hearing aids or rings. Even thin walled parts like ear shells and dental copings have too much surface area per layer to work (at least on Ember). We have found that all the parts printed using this technique need to be thin strutted lattices.
The Spark team have developed a tool to allow you to create lattice structures from solid models. For example, if we take the ubiquitous Stanford Bunny we can create a lattice representation and then use Print Studio to slice it for Ember, but it 's hard to control the end product using this technique. For example, if you download the bunny models you'll see that some parts of the lattice in the ears are not connected to the main body. To successfully design for high-speed DLP, you need design software that understands the process, the hardware and materials.
At Autodesk, we're
researching, building and testing solutions that will change the future of making. In the future, you may not sit down at a workstation and sketch, extrude and form a part. You could be using a generative design tool like Dreamcatcher, where you input a set of high-level goals including how you want to manufacture the product and the computer iterates through thousands of designs options until it finds one that meets all your goals. The output would be a functional part that is optimized for high-speed DLP.
The key to unlocking high-speed DLP as a manufacturing process isn't just new hardware or materials but, in fact, rests on developing new design software that can take full advantage of the capabilities on offer. That's why we're building a connected ecosystem of hardware, software and materials so we can deliver production ready additive manufacturing workflows.


Electric Utilities
One of the greatest dangers of electric utilities is the possibilities of arc flash. There is also the danger of being exposed to the possibility of flash fire for those that work with electric generation. Neese's FR clothing and rainwear provide comfortable and functional protection for all areas of electric utilities including transmission, distribution, and generation.
Gas Utilities
Workers that handle gas may face the possibility of flash fire. Because their work involves release of gas that can be a major hazard. Neese's FR clothing and rainwear meets all industry safety standards, and can provide safety to those workers exposed to flammable substances. Neese can also provide customizable options to suite the company's needs.
Electrical Maintenance
Electrical maintenance keeps the ball rolling for companies that rely on electricity for their facilities and their equipment. Dealing with electrical issues can expose workers to arc flash. They too need protection, and Neese's FR range, clothing and rainwear, can provide that protection as well as functionality. Our goal is to provide workers with clothing that provides ease of use so focus remains on the issue at hand and not on uncomfortable clothing.
Refineries and Drilling
Oil drilling and refining involve dangerous jobs that expose workers to possible arc and flash fires, chemicals, and harsh elements. Many of these workers are in the unique position of having their jobs on rigs out in the ocean. Neese provides many different types of protective clothing for different situations including chemicals, Hydro blasting, arc, and flash fires.
Chemical Manufacturing
Chemical manufacturers provide consumers with a huge array of products that we use daily. However, the production of these products does not come without risk. Workers in chemical plants can be exposed not only to flash fire but also to chemical fires. Neese's FR clothing and rainwear as well as Chem Shield can be a worker's last bit of protection between them and fire or hazardous materials.


text:
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POMEGRANATE FRUIT (Punica granatum L.), OF CV. KARAMUSTAFA
Pomegranate is well-adapted fruit species to arid and semi-arid conditions and highly valued crop widely cultivated in Mediterranean and Near Asia countries. The most important pomegranate cultivars in Macedonia are Bejnarija, Lifanka and Karamustafa. The objective of this study was the physical parameters of the pomegranate fruit and chemical properties of juice from pomegranate fruit Karamustafa cultivar, grown in two different location of R. Macedonia. The physical parameters including fruit fresh weight, percentage of grain (%), weight of 100 berries (g), percentage of juice (%) and morphological characteristics (equatorial diameter, calyx diameter, fruit height without calyx, total fruit height, calyx height). Based on the results we found significant differences in the weight of the fruit, the content of total acids and the content of total polyphenols in the juice.


text:
Knowing the quality assurance (QA) benchmarks for Realtime (RT) data improves your experience with Google Transit. Meeting these benchmarks helps you serve high-quality transit information, which creates positive user experiences.
Essential quality metrics
To help maintain reliable Transit information for Google Transit users, there are 3 key quality metrics for RT data:
- Quality: What users need
- Stability: When users need it
- Coverage: Where users need it
We work hard to maintain strict adherence to the community-driven General Transit Format Specification (GTFS-RT) to optimize user experiences. If your information deviates from the GTFS-RT, the warning and blocking errors are listed in the validation report, which include:
- Inconsistencies with the underlying static feed
- Format and correctness of entities (syntax)
- Presence of required fields
- Time ranges matching expected values from the static feed
QA benchmark - Tolerances and expectations
- Tolerance for warnings and errors for percentage of affected entities is 2% and 0%, respectively. Additional details are available in the validation report.
- A regular, stable, and cyclical distribution for feed entities over time is expected, without spikes or drops in number of feed entities (e.g. number of vehicles).
- Service alerts require proper language, consistency, and cause and effect information.
Issues with tolerances and expectations can lead to incomplete or inaccurate data shown to users, which is often launch-blocking. Possible causes and fixes are mentioned in the report. For more details, review our support docs.
We require a consistent, weekly inflow of data feeds via data pushes and pulls to provide the best on-ground experience for users. Downtime is expected during setup and system improvements, but Realtime systems must remain stable and provide parsable data through the year (including weekends and public holidays).
QA benchmark - Server uptime errors
Google monitors incoming feeds for stability over 8-16 days. Errors in data formats and corrupt protobuffers are effectively failed pushes / pulls (e.g. no ASCII in production). From the daily validation report, we expect to see instances of 1% or below for the following types of server uptime errors:
- Protobuf errors (format and parsing)
- Fetcher errors
Several failed fetches in a row trigger bad user experiences and get flagged, block launches, and cause feed suspension.
QA benchmark - Feed age
Feed timestampsare used to compute Feed age, and are measured in seconds since epoch (UTC). A feed age shouldn't be older than 90 seconds when we receive it. Feed age for Service Alerts can be up to 10 minutes.
Note: Feed age is different from a trip update timestamp.
Transit provides users with complete, on-ground information for their trips. Specifically, Transit aims to provide:
- Complete data for areas near city centers and high-traffic areas
- Updates on most trips from the static feed, especially busy and central routes (full and partial coverage)
- Accurate and up-to-date data though service alerts and Vehicle Positions wherever possible, in addition to trip updates
Follow these guidelines to make sure you meet data quality benchmarks and create the best experience for Transit users.
Validation Report - A critical resource for every RT integration


text:
An Elevation Certificate (EC) is an in depth analysis of a structure's elevation. This information is used for two important purposes, the first being that FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) can use it to judge the actual risk of flooding from extreme rainfall, and the second being that your insurance agency uses it to judge your risk of flooding and how much your Flood Insurance premium should be.
Flood Map Engineering is a major activity at KAPPA Surveying and Engineering, Inc. Our staff of surveyors and civil engineers perform flood insurance surveys and flood mapping activities daily. We are familiar with the rules, regulations and procedures of FEMA, the people who create and manage the Flood Maps in San Diego.
Things you should know about how Flood Map Engineering directly affects you:
KAPPA Surveying and Engineering has extensive experience in helping our clients reduce their flood insurance rate or remove the flood insurance requirement altogether. We have successfully processed many applications though FEMA and are knowledgeable in the process of preparing a FEMA Elevation Certificate as well as applying for Letter of Map Amendments (LOMA) or eLOMA. We have developed an efficient system to perform your flood insurance survey and have broken the process into two clear and comprehensive phases: the Elevation Certificate/Flood Insurance Survey Phase and the Flood Insurance Elimination Phase.
The Elevation Certificate/Flood Insurance Survey Phase will provide the information for KAPPA to evaluate your property's chances for a successful application to FEMA. Through this process we will prepare a FEMA Elevation Certificate to reduce your flood insurance rate or continue to the Flood Insurance Elimination Phase to potentially eliminate your requirement to purchase flood insurance.
The Flood Insurance Elimination Phase consists of compiling the required documents to submit and process a full and complete FEMA LOMA or eLOMA application package. The typical required documents are:
If you are in need of a FEMA Elevation Certificate and a flood insurance survey we at KAPPA are here to help. For a free quote to have KAPPA prepare a FEMA Elevation Certificate and flood insurance survey, call us or fill out our "Request a Quote Form".


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Air around us is transparent due to which we can see the objects like trees, buildings, etc. But when the thick smoke, clouds, dust is present in the air than it does not remain transparent because dust, smoke etc absorbs the light. For Example during sandstorm we can't see things due to dust present in the air.
The figure below shows the air mixed with smoke which makes it translucent we are not able to see buildings clearly.
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Let's dance… la gigue!
What is… la gigue?
La gigue is a traditional dance performed in Québec and in the French Canadian culture. It is a form of percussive dance where one makes sounds with his/her feet on the floor. The mouvements of the feet, ankles and legs are usually quite small and do not have much amplitude.
La gigue came to Canada and was shared with us initially by the Irish and the Scottish. Subsequently, there was an influence from tap dancing from the Americans. Now, la gigue is practiced in Québec and across Canada in the French Canadian culture.
For more information, consult the article Le quiproquo de la gigue au Québec written by Pierre Chartrand.
What is a "bonhomme gigueur"?
Monsieur Bono is a bonhomme gigueur (dancing man) and is a component of French Canadian folklore. This bonhomme gigueur is described as a wooden puppet that dances on the end of a wooden board to the rhythm of the music.
To make the bonhomme gigueur dance, a person sits on one end of the board and, while holding the wooden puppet with one hand, taps on the board with the other hand. The bonhomme gigueur's feet hit the board and make the sounds "taque-tique-tac".
Activity #1: Your turn to dance la gigue with Monsieur Bono!
Watch how Monsieur Bono dances la gigue.
What parts of his body does he use to dance la gigue?
His head? Arms? Torso? Legs? Feet?
Replay the video. When Monsieur Bono dances, watch how he dances. When he stops, it will now be your turn to dance la gigue the same way as Monsieur Bono. So, you'll be dancing at the same time as one of Tradansa's Dance Specialists. Then, it's Monsieur Bono's turn again. Then yours. Continue alternating between you and Monsieur Bono until the end of the music.
After the activity, answer the following questions: (answers at bottom of page)
 1. How do we call this dance form?
 2. Where do we dance la gigue?
 3. Which parts of the foot do we use to dance la gigue?
Activity #2: Make your own "bonhomme gigueur"
Download the page: Bonhomme gigueur
Print this page on a 8.5″ X 11″, preferably a thicker paper. Cut out the different body parts. Make small holes and use a fastener as indicated.
Activité #3:Word Search
Download the page: Mot mystère
Learn the various words in French relating to dance, music and culture.
Mot mystère
Activity #4: Make a gigue video
Dance la gigue with Monsieur Bono and make a video of your students/kids dancing.
Share your video on our Facebook page. Use _TAG_
We look forward to seeing you dance! And, have fun!
Looking for the music?
The music used to dance la gigue is Un air trompeur, an original composition by Richard Forest. Available on the album: Danse, mon coeur danse! available for purchase HERE.
Activity #1:
 1. La gigue.
 2. French Canadian culture.
 3. The heel, pointe (toes) and ball of the foot.
This post is also available in: Français
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It pays to be progressive. Just ask the city officials of Mankato, Minnesota. This forward-thinking southern Minnesota city of 32,000 was the first municipality in the state to purchase a television system for assessing the internal condition of its sewer lines.
It is now one of the first cities in the country to use the video documentation to secure federal funds for the repair of a flood-damaged storm sewer. In addition, it is using those funds for a long-term solution that will better protect the storm sewer system the next time the Minnesota River overruns its banks.
Getting FEMA's Attention
As the waters from the Great Flood of '93 receeded, the City of Mankato quickly began investigating soil problems occurring around River Front Drive, a major thoroughfare located near the river. The City retained MSA Consulting Engineers, Minneapolis/St. Paul, to evaluate the storm sewer lines running under the street. These pipelines carried storm water runoff from the city's underground pipeline system to the Minnesota River.
"When the river rises, its elevation is higher than the storm sewers in parts of the city. Therefore, sewer outlet gates must be closed and all stormwater pumped into the river," explained Tom Roushar, vice president and project engineer for MSA.
"During the flood, pump station operation caused fluctuating water levels and pressures in the storm sewers, which contributed to soil migration and resulted in the formation of voids in the older storm sewers with cracked or bad joints. Additional pressure from the water-saturated soil surrounding the pipe also may have caused problems."
"Some of the damage showed up as sink holes on the surface," said Dale Tranter, MSA vice president. "For example, the foundation of a recently restored historic railroad depot on River Front Drive started to sink."
Below ground, video taken inside the sewer lines showed a significant number of leaking joints.
"To obtain FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) funding for renovations to the sewer system, we needed to be able to document that the flood had actually caused the damage," explained Mankato Public Works Director Paul Baker. "Fortunately, we had televised the storm sewer the year before the flood, when the line was intact. When you compare the tape with the deterioration shown in the video shot after the flood, the conclusion is obvious."
The Engineer's Challenge
Not quite so obvious, however, was how the city was going to repair the damage. The storm sewer was very difficult to access.
MSA's evaluation pinpointed a three-block-long section of pipeline originating at a storm drain on Walnut Street and extending under River Front Drive as the primary trouble spot. The pipeline was buried deep, averaging 15 ft below the surface.
The line ran under a railroad depot and train tracks, a ramp for a 480-car parking garage, a four-lane city street and a significant amount of electrical and telephone conduit. Any repairs needed to be coordinated so as not to disturb the adjacent construction of a $25 million civic center, part of Mankato's Riverfront 2000 urban renewal program.
Complicating matters further were the area's high water table and fine sand soil that require sheeting and dewatering for excavation. These conditions placed severe limitations on the city's repair options.
"For most sewer renovation proj-ects, engineers have several alternatives to choose from," said Tranter. "We didn't have that luxury."
"Both the risks and the costs associated with replacing the pipe through a traditional open-cut solution were unacceptable," said Roushar.
Under these conditions, two approaches were considered, cured-in-place (CIPP) and sliplining. Both of these approaches are trenchless processes for reconstructing damaged pipeline. With CIPP, a seamless custom-made felt tube injected with resin is inverted (turned inside out) through a manhole into an existing damaged pipe. The tube later cures into a structurally sound "pipe-within-a-pipe."
With sliplining, a high density, polyethylene material is pulled through an existing pipe. The sliplining process usually requires two access pits. However, on this project, access could have been achieved without the use of pits by going in through the flood wall where the pipe empties into the river.
When analyzing the approaches, the City of Mankato looked at some immediate concerns:
Levels of Risk-"When you're working around major utilities, there's always a chance for a mishap," said Tranter. "We also had some fears of building foundations settling if we excavated the unstable soil. So we were really leaning toward a solution that didn't require digging, that could leave everything in place."
Suitability of Application-In addition to alleviating safety concerns, the solution had to be installed within a short time frame, because of the amount of traffic and other activity along Walnut Street.
Value-It is impossible to calculate the savings achieved by not disrupting business. It is also difficult to assess what other unforeseen costs might surface when you start digging trenches around utility lines.
These short-term savings were important to Mankato officials. However, they still were second in priority to the city's long-term objectives.
"We were looking at the long-term and what was best for the city," said Baker. That is why Mankato officials were most interested in a solution that would stand up through the next great flood.
Made of non-woven polyester material laminated to a layer of polyurethane, CIPP material is designed as an independent replacement pipe. This material adds strength to a partially deteriorated sewer line. In addition, with CIPP the storm's line would gain flow.
"The installed product is jointless and has a smooth finished surface,which normally increases the flow capacity of the line," said Brad Mirkovick of Insituform Central, Inc., (ICI) a wholly owned subsidiary of Insituform Mid-America.
The design and installation of this technology are not as simple as they may sound. The installer needs the design and construction knowledge to adapt the technology to specific site conditions.
While sliplining is also a jointless process, and hydraulically smoother than the existing pipe, its use results in a smaller pipe than CIPP. However, this was not of particular concern in Mankato.
MSA continued with the development of project specifications for rehabilitating 842 ft of 36 in. pipe, 62 ft of 24 in. pipe and associated manholes, and restoring sidewalks and streets where sinkholes had caused deterioration. With all the documentation in place, FEMA committed to paying 90 percent of the project's costs.
The specifications called for either CIPP or HDPE sliplining. The contractor, Mankato Plumbing and Heating, elected to use CIPP furnished and installed by ICI.
Completing the Inversion
Almost exactly one year after the flood, ICI, MSA, the city engineer and contractor assembled at the Walnut Street site. ICI brought the custom-made polyester felt tube and boiler trucks needed to complete the inversion.
As if to remind everyone of the reason they had all gathered there that day, a steady rain began and fell for most of the day.
"We don't like it to be raining when we're completing an inversion on a storm sewer because the line can fill up," said Mirkovick. On sanitary sewers, where flow is continuous, ICI creates a bypass for the line while the inversion is being completed. The bypass is omitted on storm sewers, which become active only during inclement weather.
After the rain had stopped, workers began by closing the flood wall at the Minnesota River where the storm sewer drained into the river. They had already coordinated closely with Mankato City Engineer Ken Saffert and Utility Superintendent George Rosati to make sure no utilities would be inadvertently disturbed.
Enhanced polyester resin and dye-treated catalyst had already been used to saturate the polyester felt tube. The clear, polyurethane laminate and light-blue dye allowed every square inch of the material to be visually inspected to make sure the tube was thoroughly saturated with resin before the tube was inverted into the pipeline.
With everything in place, the force of water was used to invert the tube through an existing manhole and into the pipe being reconstructed. Water pressure kept the tube pressed tightly against the walls of the old pipe.
After the entire tube was inverted through the pipeline, hoses were connected to the boiler trucks, and the water was continuously recirculated until it reached a temperature to trigger the catalyst. The heat starts the exothermic reaction that changes the resin into a thermoset pipe.
When the material had cured into a finished pipe, the water was allowed to cool before it was drained. The construction crew cut and sealed the ends of the new structural pipe at the manholes and the job had been completed-quietly, safely and without disruption.
Exactly what awaits Mankato once its renewal project is complete is uncertain. However, the leaders of this forward-thinking city know one thing: it pays to be progressive.
This article was prepared by the City of Mankato, Minnesota.


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ALL >> Business >> View Article
Impact Of Software Solutions On Logistics And Automotive Industry
Total Articles: 7
In fact, now almost every industry segment has become largely dependent on the IT industry. Both the logistics and automotive industry are facing numerous challenges. On the top of that customers incessant demands for exemplary services and functionalities makes it more difficult for these industries to carry out their operations efficiently.
With the development of IT solutions the industries have taken a sigh of relief as most of their tasks and processes are now automated, thereby making it easy for them to run their other business operations without worrying about internal processes which are performed by the automated systems that they have implemented. Let's have a detailed view as to how software solutions impacts the operations of logistics as well as automotive industry:
Logistics Software Solutions
Logistics industry is growing exponentially, which brings a lot of challenges. The most common issue being rise in the logistics business scale up the shipping operations, which eventually leads to delay in delivery of cargo. Besides this, handling bulk data manually can resort to mismanagement issues. Although, there is no shortage of people whom the industry can employ to handle the data and information, but it means more expenses. Moreover, it isn't a sensible option to let employees supervise every detail as it has its own disadvantages which can be prevented by employing Logistics IT Solutions, such as:
* There might be some data that you won't like to disclose among your employees but can incidentally leak it which resort to security vulnerability. But with help of software solution you can automate your processes. For example, you can have a data entry system that keeps record of all your company's data and restricts access to data by any unauthorized user.
* By outsourcing your shipping operations you do not get complete control over the way your shipping is being taken care of. In fact, a lot of customers often complaint that they can't reach the logistics company. All these issues can be tackled with by implementing a software solution that not only helps the logistics company to keep track of their outsourced shipping operations but also enable them to stay in touch with their clients directly.
Automotive Software Solutions
Apart from the logistics industry, another sector where software solutions have brought a drastic change is the automotive sector. Here's an overview of the challenges faced by the automotive sector and how Automotive IT Solutions have helped overcome them.
People dealing in the automotive industry are often faced with a lot of issues that emanate owing to the fact that automotive industry is generally huge and comprises of large amount of data, which is most probably placed in an unorganized manner. But by automating the process of managing the data by introducing a software solution can prove to be a big help for the industry.
* Helps dealers as well as suppliers to handle their resources in a highly efficient and organized manner.
* Purge redundancies a human error that often occurs while recording the data manually.
* Makes it easy for the automotive industry to obtain any customer information within seconds in a simplified manner.
* The IT solution enable to streamline the mundane processes which would otherwise have taken a lot of time to complete and resorted to delay in obtaining the final output.
Good quality IT software solutions helps add precision and resourcefulness to the daily operations of the logistics and automotive industry. So, whether you are running logistics business or automotive business, it is advisable that you must opt for software solutions provided by the IT industry that meets your industry needs.
Peter Milar is a content writer and often conveys valuable information regarding IT solutions. Author is well-versed with the IT industry and provide write-ups as how Automotive IT Software Solutions and Logistics IT Software Solutions can meet the ever-changing needs of the Finance and Transportation service segment.
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PHOENIX— Biologists in Arizona are trying to stop the spread of apple snails, an invasive species that could overrun the food chain on the lower Salt River, leaving native fish and wildlife with little to eat.
State and federal biologists are asking for help in containing the snails, which floaters of the Phoenix-area river can do by knocking down the bright pink egg clusters laid along the water, The Arizona Republic reported.
The snails have spread downstream and infested connected waterways since fishermen reported them to the Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2011. The South American snails were introduced in the state through the pet trade, said Jeff Sorensen, a department biologist.
"Somebody's unwanted aquarium pets were illegally introduced into the wild," Sorensen said. "And now they become everybody's problem."
The snails do not have natural predators in the state, and they eat other snails' eggs. They also easily adapt to new environments and appear to thrive in heat and drought. Their numbers are increasing.
"With the drought, as long as there's some kind of water they'll do really well," said Israel Garcia, the department's aquatic invasive species specialist. "Like much of the invasives, they out-compete the native species."
The snails lay eggs every couple of weeks in calm backwaters and river banks. A sole female snail can lay up to 15,000 eggs each year.
Sorensen hopes local predators will adapt to eat snails one day. Until that happens, biologists are chipping away at the population so native pond snails can hold on to their niche in the ecosystem. In a recent week, a crew captured 642 snails from the river and likely drowned 1.6 million eggs, Sorensen said.
While there isn't an estimate on how many snails have invaded the Salt River, it appears to be so many that eradication isn't realistic goal yet, Sorensen said.


Which Chart Type Can Display Two Different Data?
//
Angela Bailey
Which Chart Type Can Display Two Different Data?
Charts are an essential tool in data visualization, enabling us to present complex information in a concise and easily understandable manner. When dealing with multiple datasets, it's crucial to choose the right chart type that can effectively display two different sets of data. In this article, we will explore some popular chart types that allow for the simultaneous visualization of two different datasets.
1. Dual Axis Line Chart
The dual axis line chart is a powerful visualization tool that enables the comparison of two different measures on separate axes. This type of chart is commonly used when the datasets have different units or scales.
To create a dual axis line chart, we plot each dataset on its own axis and assign unique colors and line styles to differentiate them visually. This allows viewers to easily compare trends and correlations between the two datasets.
2. Area Chart
An area chart is another effective option for displaying two different datasets simultaneously. It uses filled areas to represent the magnitude of each dataset over a specific period or category.
By stacking the areas on top of each other, we can compare the overall distribution and make relative comparisons between both datasets. The color coding ensures clarity and enhances visual understanding.
3. Combination Chart
A combination chart combines multiple chart types into one cohesive visualization, allowing the simultaneous display of different data types. For example, we can combine a bar chart with a line chart or an area chart with a scatter plot.
This versatility enables us to present diverse datasets effectively while highlighting important relationships and patterns between them.
Conclusion
In conclusion, when working with two different sets of data, there are several effective chart types available for visualizing them simultaneously. The dual axis line chart, area chart, and combination chart are just a few examples of the many options at your disposal.
Remember to choose the chart type that best suits your data and effectively communicates the intended message. By leveraging these visual elements, you can create engaging and informative charts that will captivate your audience.
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Digital Post-Production Masterclass, May, Rotorua
This two day workshop is for people who are already competent users of Photoshop (CSx) and have some knowledge of Adobe Photoshop Lightroom.
Workshop will initially focus on ways in which the two applications work together. A core component of the workshop will be developing a digital asset management plan. Issues to be covered will include:
- Digital asset management
- Strategies to backup, archive and retrieve stored files
- The importance of keywording and keyword sets
- Hardware issues, including storage and retrieval
- Maintaining your computer in optimum condition
The remainder of the workshop will focus on advanced techniques including:
- Sharpening and creative sharpening (global, local, edge, mid-tone, and high pass) and ways to apply these creatively. The subtext will be the philosophy of sharpening, including how we perceive sharpness and how to apply this intelligently to an image.
- How to obtain the maximum possible resolution from an image, and the difference a tripod can make, including how to analyse an MTF curve, why you never want to shoot above f8, and how to avoid the "Valley of Death".
- How to extend depth-of-field in a photograph without encountering lens diffraction
- HDR-how to use it intelligently and realistically; how to shoot and post-produce it.
- Creative use of layers and layer masking
- Noise reduction techniques and their intelligent use
- Using plug-ins to extend the creative potential of Photoshop
- The importance of the.dng format
Workshop participants will need their own copies of Lightroom and Photoshop CSx, camera equipment and a desktop or laptop.
Limited to 12 places.
For further information and to reserve a place please contact:


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Park Grass open access data
Park Grass mean species numbers over time
Last updated 11/02/2016
Access and Use Conditions
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
YOU MUST CITE AS: Rothamsted Research (2016). Park Grass changes in species number over time. Electronic Rothamsted Archive _URL_
Click the chart above for a pdf version.Summary data used for this chart is available to download as an Excel Spreadsheet: Species data and treatments.
This summary data is derived from annual plot data for the relevant selected plots and treatments. The original raw data is available, after registering, from the e-RA database. Contact the e-RA curators to arrange a password.
The Figure shows the impact of selected treatments on the number of species comprising 1% or more of the biomass. Applying N as sodium nitrate (orange line N*) or ammonium sulphate (blue line N) quickly decreased species numbers relative to the unfertilised control. The continued application of ammonium decreases species numbers further because of its acidifying effect on the soil (pH 3.6 in 2011, solid blue line), reducing the number of species to one or two, Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire Fog) and Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet Vernal Grass). However, even on the nil plot (solid green line) the number of species has decreased. This may be due to changes in atmospheric inputs and/or changes in sward management.
Applying chalk (dotted lines) increased soil pH (pH 6.2 in 2011, dotted blue line) and helped some of the species return to the original numbers.
Recent work (Storkey et al 2015) showed that on some plots withholding N helped increase species diversity as did decreased atmospheric N deposition, as evident in the species numbers of the nil plot (solid green line).
Fertiliser treatments since 1856;
No fertiliser - Plot 3: No fertilizer or manure
N*2PKNaMg - Plot 14: 96kgN as sodium nitrate plus P,K,Na and Mg
N2PKNaMg - Plot 9: 96kgN as ammonium sulphate plus P, K, Na and Mg
Chalk: Ground chalk (CaCO3) applied approximately every four years 1903 - 1964 then as required to maintain pH at around 6.
Park grass long-term experiment
For further information about the experiment, see Park Grass Experiment. For more information about species diversity on Park Grass, refer to the Key References below.
Further details can be obtained from the e-RA Curators and the Rothamsted Guide to the Classical Experiments (2006) pp 20-31.
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- Storkey, J. , Macdonald, A. J. , Poulton, P. R. , Scott, T. , Kohler, I. H. , Schnyder, H. , Goulding, K. W. T. and Crawley, M. J. (2015) "Grassland biodiversity bounces back from long-term nitrogen addition", Nature , 528, 401-4
- von Wettberg, E. J. B. , Vance, W. and Rowland, D. L. (2014) "The Park Grass Experiment and next-generation approaches: local adaptation of sweet vernal grass revisited", Molecular Ecology, 23, 5931-5933
- Silvertown, J. , Poulton, P. R. , Johnston, A., E. , Edwards, G. , Heard, M. and Biss, P. M. (2006) "The Park Grass Experiment _PHONE_: Its contribution to ecology", Journal of Ecology, 94, 801-814
- Crawley, M. J. , Johnston, A. E. , Silvertown, J. , Dodd, M. , de Mazancourt, C. , Heard, M. S. , Henman, D. F. and Edwards, G. R. (2005) "Determinants of species richness in the Park Grass experiment", American Naturalist, 165, 179-192
- Blake, L. and Goulding, K. W. T. (2002) "Effects of atmospheric deposition, soil pH and acidification on heavy metal contents in soils and vegetation of semi-natural ecosystems at Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK", Plant and Soil, 240, 235-251
- Blake, L. , Goulding, K. W. T. , Johnston, A. E. and Mott, C. J. B. (1999) "Changes in soil chemistry accompanying acidification over more than 100 years under woodland and grass at Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK", European Journal of Soil Science, 50, 401-412
- Kunin, W. E. (1998) "Biodiversity at the edge: A test, of the importance of spatial "mass effects" in the Rothamsted Park Grass experiments", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 207-212
- Dodd, M. , Silvertown, J. , McConway, K. , Potts, J. and Crawley, M. (1995) "Community Stability - a 60-Year Record of Trends and Outbreaks in the Occurrence of Species in the Park Grass Experiment", Journal of Ecology, 83, 277-285
- Jenkinson, D. S. , Potts, J. M. , Perry, J. N. , Barnett, V. , Coleman, K. and Johnston, A. E. (1994) "Trends in Herbage Yields over the Last Century on the Rothamsted Long-Term Continuous Hay Experiment", Journal of Agricultural Science, 122, 365-374
- Williams, E. D. (1978) "Botanical Composition of the Park Grass Plots at Rothamsted 1856 - 1976", Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden UK