Vegetables: To eat or not to eat?
Watermelon, Luigi Rignanese
Bible Reference: Read Romans 14:1-4 for Paul's example of vegetables; however, the entire Chapter 14 develops Paul's persuasive argument of acting out of love for our brothers.
The apostle Paul wrote the book "Romans" in about 57 A.D. It was written as a letter to the Roman Church from Corinth, Greece. Likely Phoebe carried the letter from Corinth to Rome (Romans 16:1-2). The theme of Romans is the revelation of God's judging and saving righteousness through Christ. In Chapter 14, Paul called for mutual acceptance between weak and strong Christians. Weak Christians felt that in order to remain close to God, they should eat some foods, e.g., vegetables, while abstaining from others, e.g. meat. In contrast, strong Christians accepted that what they ate was independent of their saving relationship with Christ.
Many of us cannot relate to how or why eating vegetables versus meat was so important to the Roman church. Today, a parallel is Christians who believe that drinking alcohol hinders their walk with Christ while other Christians believe that drinking alcohol in moderation is consistent with the Christian life.
In the first four verses of Romans 14, Paul provided three principles for Christians and Christian churches to live by:
Principle 1: We should welcome weaker Christians into our churches; but not for the purpose of disputing or arguing with them over their opinions. We should welcome them because they are fellow believers.
Principle 2: In the Christian church there must be mutual forbearance. The mature (strong) Christian must not despise his weak brother. Similarly, neither should a weak brother judge as a sinner a Christian who enjoys meat, e.g., ham, beef. God has received both groups of Christians into his family; both groups are members in good standing.
Principle 3: Each believer is a servant of the Lord; God is their master. God, the master of all Christians, will sustain those on both sides of the issue of what to eat.
At the beginning of the first millennium in Rome, most Christians were slaves or from the very poor class (plebeians). Their foods were simple and consisted of grains, vegetables, and fish; fish was often a luxury. Examples of vegetables included cabbage, cucumbers, leeks, lettuce, melons, onions, and pumpkins. Watermelon was a common vegetable found in both Rome and Palestine and will be used as an example of a vegetable.
The species name of watermelon is Citrullus lanatus, previously known as Citrullus vulgaris. Watermelons were indigenous to tropical Africa. Pictures of the watermelon were included in Egyptian pyramid paintings from 2000 B.C. Watermelon seeds were found in Iron Age deposits near the Dead Sea and at Arad, Israel.
Luigi Rignanese
Symbolism: Grace
What better plant to symbolize grace than the watermelon which supplied both water and food to the early Church? Grace is unmerited divine assistance that God gives humans for their regeneration or sanctification. Grace occurred through Christ giving his body and blood for the Church. The water of the melon reminds us of God's blood and the pulp of his body given up for us. The poorest people in the early Church were sustained by watermelons.
Reflection: Christians today would all be impoverished without Christ's grace.
Copyright: May 2014, Carolyn A. Roth
3 responses to "Vegetables: To eat or not to eat?
 1. Hi, would like to ask You about onions and garlic and cabbage. Andrea moritz (ayrveda medecine say that garlic is bad, toxic. I ate today some onions raw fresh onions (white fresh) then it feels hard to digest but it cleans the body i think? the nose is cleaner but i feel heavy for my body.
 The wuestion to You is to eat or not to eat vegetables, onions?
 Best Wishes
 - Adam, Vegetables, as a whole, are great foods to eat. Onion and garlic in limited quantities are healthy; of course they have the side effect of causing bad breath. I have never heard that onions, unlike cucumbers, were difficult to digest. Most definitely garlic is not normally toxic.
 Blessings, Carolyn
 2. The annalogy with the lowly watermelon is the best I've ever read. Being from Mississippi, where the best watermelons in the world are grown, it is especially meaningful. Thanks so much.
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NEW STRENGTHENED RULES FOR FOOD FOR INFANTS, YOUNG CHILDREN AND FOOD FOR SPECIFIC MEDICAL PURPOSE 12/06/13
Today, the European Parliament gave its green light on a set of clearer rules protecting specific groups of consumers such as infants and young children. The aim is to better protect consumers on the content and marketing of these "special" food products, and to provide a better environment for businesses, as well as better application of rules.
More and more food products exist on the market that target specific groups of the population. The EU rules in force for these products are complex and fragmented since different sets of rules and concepts can overlap and create confusion for businesses and national authorities who apply the rules.
This new Regulation on food for specific groups will streamline the rules that apply throughout the EU, by eliminating those that are unnecessary and contradictory and by replacing them with a new, simplified Framework.
The new Framework will cover:
- food for infants and young children;
- food for people with specific medical conditions;
- food for weight control that replace the totality of the daily diet.
The new Regulation will do away with the dated broad concept of 'foodstuffs for particular nutritional uses', which has proven not fit for today's market and legal context.
Under the new approach, food for other population groups will fall under different legislation. For example, rules on food for coeliacs will be transferred to the Regulation on Food Information to Consumers.
The Regulation will be published in the EU Official Journal in the coming weeks and will only apply from 2016 to allow time for businesses to adapt their commercial practices. No products will however have to be withdrawn from the market.
Over the next two years, the Commission will: adopt detailed rules (delegated acts) on food covered by the Regulation; and present two reports on the necessity to develop, in the future, specific rules for so-called 'growing up milks' for young children and food for sports people.
The Commission will also adopt specific rules on the use of statements on the absence or reduced presence of lactose in foods.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Southern Arizona Astronomy Tour
Our journey under Arizona's darkest skies is designed to bring you an in-depth and hands-on educational experience at some of the most exciting landmarks in astronomy throughout the ages, from ancient times to the frontier of modern observational technology. Ranging from age-old questions concerning the origin of the universe to our search for planets around other stars, husband-wife team, astrophysicist Jason Young and Discovery Expeditions tour leader Kristin Peterson, will guide you on a journey under Arizona's darkest skies.
Learn about the first astronomers of Arizona, the ancient Hohokam peoples. Join a local star party in Sabino Canyon. Explore the ecology research, sustainable technology, and prototype Moon/Mars habitat at Biosphere2. Take behind the scenes tours of world-class facilities like the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab, Kitt Peak National Observatory, and the Large Binocular Telescope. Experience the beauty of Arizona's famous dark skies. This tour is accessible to everyone with an interest in astronomy and a curiosity to learn more about our world and universe. From novices to aficionados, young or old, all are welcome.
Program: 6 Day exploration of landmark observatories and other significant astronomical sites in southern Arizona
Dates: Thursday, June 2 – Tuesday, June 7, 2016
Trip Price: $1,350 Land Only, Double Occupancy (Add $370 for Single Occupancy)
Deposit Due Upon Registration: $250
Remaining Balance Due: April 15, 2016
Group Size: This expedition requires a minimum of 14 travelers and can take a maximum of 38.
For itinerary and trip details, read below.
This trip is designed as a LAND only (excluding flights) opportunity to allow travelers to stay longer if they wish and choose their own flights. It is the responsibility of each registered traveler to arrange their own transportation to Phoenix, AZ. First night lodging in Phoenix will be arranged for you; you only have to arrive by the evening of June 2nd so as to be ready to begin traveling with the group the morning of June 3rd. The trip officially ends on June 7th, where you will either be dropped off at the airport (if your flight is an afternoon or evening departure) or at your hotel if your flight is another day. You are welcome to choose flights to extend your visit before or after the dates of the Arizona Astronomy trip, and experience more of the region on your own. Receipt of registration and deposit will confirm space and contracted pricing listed here. Please contact Kristin Peterson for updated pricing if contract has expired.
Day 1: (Thursday, June 2) Flight to PHX
Meet us in Phoenix and check into your room at the Courtyard Marriott Tempe (complimentary hotel airport shuttle available from PHX). Located near Tempe's Mill Avenue District, the hotel is within walking distance of restaurants, shops, and entertainment.
Day 2: (Friday, June 3) Phoenix to Tucson
Meet the group at breakfast. This morning, tour Pueblo Grande's archaeological site and museum to learn about the first astronomers of Central Arizona, the ancient Hohokam peoples. Understand how astronomy influenced the ancients' daily lives, and connect the questions they asked to present-day explorations of the universe. After lunch, travel to Tucson to explore Biosphere 2, a center for ecology research, sustainable technology, and a prototype for potential future colonies on the Moon and Mars. Dinner tonight in Tucson will offer a taste of local cuisine and culture.
Day 3: (Saturday, June 4) Tucson
Hidden under the University of Arizona football stadium is the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab, which produces the largest and most advanced giant telescope mirrors in the world. After an expert-led tour this morning, walk across campus to Flandrau Planetarium and take a guided tour of the night sky as seen under the 60-foot dome. After sunset we'll join a local amateur astronomers for a star party in Sabino Canyon.
Day 4: (Sunday, June 5) Kitt Peak National Observatory
Travel to Kitt Peak and spend the day at our national observatory, home to one of the largest collections of research telescopes in the world, including two radio telescopes, the world's largest solar telescope, and the flagship instrument Mayall 4-meter telescope. You will get an in-depth VIP daytime guided tour of the entire summit, have a light dinner on the mountain while watching the sunset, and experience an evening observation program on one of Kitt Peak's telescopes.
Day 5: (Monday, June 6) Mt Graham International Observatory
Visit the cutting edge of 21st century astronomy and the largest, most powerful telescope in the world: the Large Binocular Telescope on Mt Graham. Park vehicles will transport us along the windy ride to the top of the scenic 10,500 ft mountain. After lunch we proceed to the observatories and will tour the control rooms, the living quarters, the research data rooms, etc. of all three observatories: the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope, the Arizona Radio Observatory, and one of the most powerful telescopes in existence, the Large Binocular Telescope. If there are any astronomers awake and available, we will be able to speak to them and ask them questions about their research.
Day 6: (Tuesday, June 7) Phoenix
Scenic drive back to Phoenix and afternoon or evening flight home.
Please note that most of the observatories are not wheelchair accessible. To fully participate in this program, you must be able to climb two or three flights of stairs, stand in place for extended periods, and walk at least ¼ mile. Additionally, on Day 5, due to the extremely high altitudes at Mt Graham, it is strongly recommended that those with the following diagnosed medical conditions not participate: chronic respiratory disorders, asthma, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, chronic bronchitis, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure (CHF), abnormal heart rhythm – arrhythmia, pregnancy.
Trip Inclusions & Exclusions
Discovery Expeditions agrees to provide each of the following goods and services for the duration of the tour to each participant:
- Professional General Liability and Errors and Omissions Insurance Policy ($5,000,000)
- Private bus transportation and driver between sites
- Accommodations in shared facilities on site (5 nights total) – Phoenix (1 night), Tucson (2 nights), Willcox (1 night), Globe (1 night)
- Custom designed itinerary
- Entrance fees to all program sites and activities listed on the itinerary
- Full time Professional Discovery Expeditions tour escort (Kristin Peterson) and astrophysicist and night sky expert (Jason Young)
- Most meals: Breakfast Days 2-6, Lunch Days 4-5, Dinner Days 2-4
- All taxes
- All gratuities (tour leaders and driver included)
- Complete tour participant accounting including option to pay by credit card
- Comprehensive Accident, Medical, Liability, and Travel Protection/Cancellation/Interruption Insurance for the Land portion of the trip
- Optional Cancel For Any Reason Insurance – cancel up to 48 hours prior to departure and receive 75% refund
Not included in the trip price:
- Airfare and baggage fees (to be purchased at the discretion and responsibility of each participant)
- Airport transfer to first night hotel (complimentary airport shuttle available from hotel upon request)
- Meals Day 1 when traveling to Phoenix; Lunch Days 2-3 & 6; Dinners Days 5 & 6
- Final night lodging in Phoenix (if necessary) or any additional days one chooses to remain in the area

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Research article of American Journal of Educational Research and Reviews
Teacher's Views Regarding the Development of Students' Cognitive Modelling Competencies and Modelling Implementation Process
Ayşe TEKİN DEDE and Süha YILMAZ
1 Dr, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, TURKEY
2Assoc. Prof. Dr., Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, TURKEY
The purpose of the study is to reveal a mathematics teacher's views regarding the development of 6th grade students' cognitive modelling competencies and modelling implementation process. She conducted a long-term modelling sequences aiming at the competency development and was interviewed after the implementation process. Her answers were analyzed by using content analysis and the views were gathered under some themes and codes. It was seen that the views were shaped under seven themes as providing the development of each modelling competency, development of cognitive modelling competencies, factors contributing the development of cognitive modelling competencies, factors preventing the development of cognitive modelling competencies, implementation process, future implementations and factors required to be fixed in the implementation process. Some strategies supporting the development of the cognitive modelling competencies were appeared from her statements. She also indicated her general thoughts about the strengths and weaknesses of the implementation process. It is suggested for further studies to utilize the factors and strategies revealed in the study for planning modelling implementations.
Keywords: Cognitive modelling competency, mathematics teacher, modelling sequence, teacher view

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Using tip for Serial Terminal Access
tip command can be used to allow one Unix workstation to act as a serial
terminal for another Unix system. The following must be in place to allow
this to work between two Sun systems:
- The system to be observed should be halted. If a keyboard needs
to be removed from the system, the system should be powered off. (Some
older models will blow a keyboard fuse if the keyboard is removed while
the system is powered up.)
/etc/remote file on the observing machine needs to
hardwire line pointing to the correct serial port.
- By default, the file points at port b. In this case, the line should
- If serial port a is to be used, change the line to look like:
- A null modem cable should be run between serial port a on the system
that is under observation and the serial port configured in the
hardwire line on the observing
system. (A null modem cable interchanges wires 2 and 3 on one end.)
On the observer system type "
tip hardwire" in a window.
(It is best to use a windowed environment so that control of the system
can be regained in case of a session hang.) A "
message should be echoed to the window. If not, use admintool or
another utility to see if the serial port is already in use.
tip session should not be closed by killing the process,
the shell, or rebooting the observer machine. In these cases a
/var/spool/locks/LCK file may not be cleaned up properly,
which may prevent further
tip commands are:
(Other commands may be found on the
- ~. (end session)
- ~# (break--same as STOP-A)
- ~? (list all tip commands)
tip man page.)
The system to be observed/controlled can be powered up. If the
diag-switch? PROM environment variable is set to
true, hardware diagnostic data will be displayed to the
tip window. (See the
page for further information.)


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Wood rotting fungi
There are many fungi, both saprotrophic and parasitic, that decay wood and youll find a great deal of information in the reference given in the button.
Examples of saprotrophs found on dead wood lying on the ground are Chlorociboria aeruginascens (which often stains the wood the same colour, as shown here ), Plectania campylospora, Polyporus arcularius and Stereum ostrea. The densely clustered caps of Coprinus disseminatus are often found around the bases of old stumps that have been colonised by the mycelium of this species.
When you look at a majestic forest eucalypt remember that the bulk of the tree is the dead heartwood. The living parts are the roots, leaves and relatively thin layer under the bark. Thus, live trees also provide scope for many saprotrophs and Laetiporus portentosus is an example of a saprotrophic fungus, feeding on the dead heartwood in living trees.
On the other hand, Armillaria luteobubalina is an aggressive parasite, capable of attacking and killing many plant species after which it feeds on the dead wood. It often produces dense clusters of mushrooms on dead wood or at the bases of live trees of various species. The fungus is an endemic Australian species and is widespread through south-eastern Australia. Armillaria is a problem in the Australian National Botanic Gardens in Canberra, where it has killed mature trees in several garden beds. In the botanic gardens it spreads mostly by root-to-root contact and one way of controlling its spread is to put a physical barrier between the roots of infected and healthy trees. This photo shows a bitumen road between the Gardens' Rainforest Gully (out of the picture, to the left) and (on the right) a garden bed with an Armillaria infestation. In order to keep Armillaria out of the Rainforest Gully, a trench was dug along the edge of the road, a physical barrier put in and the trench then re-filled and re-bitumened. You can see the later strip of bitumen on the right hand side of the road (just to the left of the white, concrete gutter).
However, mushrooms growing from tree bases dont always mean trouble. Gymnopilus pampeanus also often produces dense clusters of mushrooms on dead wood or at the bases of various live trees. Some people mistakenly believe they have an Armillaria problem when they see Gymnopilus, for the two have similar growth habits. However, the Gymnopilus mycelium feeds largely on dead wood and is, at most, a mild parasite that may inflict damage to a tree that is already otherwise stressed.
White rot and brown rot
The major constituents of wood are the polymers cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. A polymer is a bit like a long chain. While a chain can be quite long and heavy, it's just a series of simple links joined together. In a similar way, each of the above polymers is built up by joining together a string of much simpler chemical compounds. In the case of cellulose and hemicellulose the basic building blocks are various simple sugars. For example, the basic building block in cellulose is glucose - a simple sugar that turns up in many foods, as you can see from the ingredients labels on various jars, cans or packets that you buy during your grocery shopping. The building blocks of lignin are more complex and lignin helps protect cellulose against microbial attack.
There are two broad classes of wood-rotting macrofungi. Fungi which decompose cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin leave the wood very pale in colour and often with a fibrous to stringy consistency. These are called white rot fungi and this photo shows an example of wood with white rot. Fungi which can decompose only cellulose and hemicellulose leave the wood coloured brown and, rather than fibrous, cracked into cubical fragments, which break off readily. These are the brown rot fungi. The next photo shows what you get when you crumble, or rub, white and brown rot woods in your hands. There are several types of white rot and you can find out more here: [_URL_
There are more species of white rot fungi than there are of brown rot fungi. In the northern hemisphere many of the brown rot fungi are found on conifers in the boreal areas but in Australia there has been no systematic study into the geographic or host preferences of brown rot species. However, there is some evidence of a preference for cool-temperate areas.
Fairly often, when you cut open a piece of dead wood that's still fairly firm, you'll see black lines marking out zones of varying size. These black zone lines mark out the extremities of the separate mycelia. Such wood, called spalted wood, is often sought after by craftspeople working with wood, for the irregular lines add to the attractiveness of the finished item. The following photos show, first, numerous fruiting bodies of the polypore Trametes versicolor growing out of a tree-stump and, second, the wood inside the stump.
Ornament using spalted wood.
Some white rot fungi, such as Trametes versicolor, decay lignin and cellulose simultaneously whereas others decay lignin first, leaving a residue of cellulose and hemicellulose for later decay. In Chile, Nothofagus wood that has been selectively de-lignified by Ganoderma australe is fed to cattle, for the lignin-free residue is easily digested with the help of the micro-organisms found in cattle guts. Such wood is called palo podrido and you can find out a bit more about it here. [_URL_ There is also evidence of moose in Alaska feeding on logs decayed by Ganoderma tsugae.
Wood rotting fungi, nematodes and bacteria
Nitrogen is an essential element for all living organisms, but wood has a low nitrogen content. Many wood-rotting fungi can grow at very low nitrogen levels and are very efficient at both scavenging and re-cycling nitrogen, but some have additional strategies. The mycelia of some wood-rotting fungi also trap and feed on nematodes that can often be found in decaying wood. By trapping nematodes (using hyphae with sticky knobs, for example), these fungi supplement their nitrogen intake. Species in the genus Hohenbuehelia and Pleurotus trap nematodes. These fungi produce stemless-mushrooms as fruiting bodies, the caps being attached directly to the wood either at the top or side of the cap.
Pleurotus ostreatus on a toilet roll.
Bacteria are also common in rotting wood and laboratory experiments with the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus have shown that this fungus will destroy and feed on bacterial colonies. Pleurotus ostreatus is widely cultivated (in many colour variations) and sold in supermarkets as the Oyster Mushroom. This fungus can grow on a variety of cellulose-containing materials - even toilet rolls, as shown at the right.
An excellent source of authoritative information about all types of predatory, wood-rotting fungi is in this site, written by George Barron, who has spent many years studying these fungi [_URL_
Forest litter and woodchips
Many fungi exploit the leaf and twig litter that can be found on forest floors, with the mycelia confined just to the litter layer extending neither to the soil below nor to the larger pieces of fallen wood. This is especially the case in the tropics, but also in sheltered temperate areas (where the litter layer is protected against the drying effects of sun and wind). Many of the fungi that exploit the litter layers produce tiny fruiting bodies, but at times in great abundance. For example, you may find hundreds of Marasmius haematocephalus mushrooms popping up from the forest litter. The individual caps are under a centimetre in diameter and there are many litter decomposers that produce mushrooms with caps only a couple of millimetres in diameter. You can also find various polypores, ascomycetes and corticioid fungi on leaf and twig litter. Here is a close-up view of the toothed fruiting body of a species of the corticioid genus Sistotrema that was growing on some long-dead, eucalypt leaves lying on the ground. The spines are one to two millimetres long. The fruiting body grew on the underside of the leaf, so the spines were pointing down.
Turning now to a suburban setting, think of all the wood that is spread around parks and home gardens in the form of woodchip mulch. Hypholoma aurantiaca is a common mushroom in woodchip-mulched gardens in Canberra. The species is well-known in Europe and may have been introduced to Australia. Some may think nothing much of the fungi on woodchip mulch but Peter Shaw, of the University of Surrey in England, writes: "It seems that the combination of deep woody litter and regular disturbance provides a habitat with no natural equivalent, so that the fungal community which appears is unusual." You can find more about his investigations in this link. [_URL_
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Underlying theory of Concept Maps: Concept maps have strong academic roots. Here are four important scholarly papers by Joseph D. Novak and Alberto J. Cañas about their construction and theory.
An overview of concept mapping: Eric Plotnick's 1997 article from the ERIC Clearinghouse on Information and Technology Syracuse NY.
Concept maps and web research: As I research – I build a map. As I map – I realise new areas that need research. So for me, web research and concept maps are a natural fit. These papers variously by Arguedas, Cañas, Carnot, Carvalho, Dunn, Eskridge, Gram, Leake, Maguitman, Muldoon and Reichherzer have helped me to understand why, and see other possibilities.
Semantic networks: This article by John F. Sowa, originally written for the Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, describes the broad term "Semantic network".
Visual representation of knowledge: Sigmar-Olaf Tergan is an academic leader in the field, and here are links to some of his articles on the visual representation of knowledge.
Assessment by concept map: Do concept maps offer one way of judging students' knowledge structure? This discusses the nature of knowledge, and the difficulty in measuring achievement in the three types of domain knowledge.
Knowledge mapping for communities: Simon Buckingham Shum and Alexandra Okada make a case in this interesting slideshow for a move away from text towards knowledge or mind mapping presentation in a knowledge community. Their objective is to change cognition, no less.


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A novel zinc complex with antibacterial and antioxidant activity
In order to enhance the antibacterial activity and reduce the toxicity of Zn2+, novel complexes of Zn(II) were synthesized.
A water-soluble zinc-glucose-citrate complex (ZnGC) with antibacterial activity was synthesized at pH 6.5. The structure, morphology, characterization, acute toxicity, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and in situ intestinal absorption were investigated. The results showed that zinc ion was linked with citrate by coordinate bond while the glucose was linked with it through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The higher the molecular weight of sugar is, the more favorable it is to inhibit the formation of zinc citrate precipitation. Compared with ZnCl2, ZnGC complex presented better antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (E. coli, Gram-negative).
The results of acute toxicity showed no obvious toxicity in this test and in situ intestinal absorption study, suggesting that ZnGC complex could be used as a potential zinc supplement for zinc deficiency.
Peer Review reports
Currently, numbers of serious problems in clinics were caused by various bacterial infections. The multi-drug resistance limits the progress of conventional antimicrobial agents in the clinics. More and more antibiotics have been explored in order to overcome these issues [1]. Some heavy metal ions with biocidal action such as silver, zinc or copper, have been used as inorganic metal antibacterial materials. As most of the substances are toxic, zinc is one of essential dietary trace metals required for a number of physiological and biochemical functions in human body. Zinc deficiency can lead to series of hazardous influence to immune systems [2, 3]. Furthermore, zinc itself exhibits antibacterial efficacy. Zinc chloride can effectively inhibit the growth of almost all strains causative of halitosis and periodontal disease resulting in a direct decrease of the bacterial production [4, 5]. Zinc ion possibly inhibits the growth of plaque formation and exhibits a promising potential to be used as an antibacterial agent in future dentifrices and mouth rinses [6]. Zinc containing wound dressings are commonly used for topical applications which enhance healing of chronic and acute wounds [7,8,9]. Meanwhile, there are also many evidences that zinc can provide anti-infective action in the damaged skin or tissues with little side effects [10,11,12,13,14,15]. Free zinc ion accelerates hospital acquired infections by increasing the virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes and inducing intercellular adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus [16]. Therefore, the development of biofilms chelated zinc represents a potential therapeutic approach for combating biofilm growth in a wide range of biofilm-related infections. Additionally, zinc ion has protein-precipitating action resulting in tissue contraction, corrosion and a chemical fixative effect. High concentrations of zinc chloride ingestion cause obstructive scarring in the pylorus and mild corrosion of oropharynx or oesophagus. Zinc chloride has an inherent degree of toxicity with a great ability to permeate tissues. Ingestion of zinc chloride might cause the stimulatory action on the mucous membranes of gastrointestinal tract with vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In order to reduce the toxicity and irritation of free zinc ion, various zinc complexes come to wide attention [17,18,19].
Trisodium citrate is a multipurpose class of ligand having notable biological and chemical activities. Therefore, the design and preparation of new complexes with zinc and trisodium citrate, which aims to improve their proprieties through the discovery of new structures, is still a great scientific challenge. Further continuing research on our previous work [20,21,22], a novel zinc complex (ZnGC) was synthesized in this study by using Zn2+, glucose and trisodium citrate. The structural, chemical components, characterization, acute toxicity and in situ intestinal absorption study of the complex was performed and evaluated. In order to investigate whether the complex formed, it was heated at 130 °C for 1 h, which resulted a fluorescence phenomenon observed under 365 nm ultraviolet light. The antibacterial activity was investigated and confirmed against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains [23]. The ZnGC complex has a potential to be used as a candidate for zinc supplements and the application in antibiosis material in biomedical fields.
Material and methods
Materials and animals
All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. or Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., and all chemicals used were of the analytical reagent grade (AR). Deionized water (pH 7.0, 18.2 mΩ) was used for all experimental works.
Male and female Kunming mice (20–24 g), male Wistar rats (250–300 g) and the normal diet were purchased from Center of Laboratory Animals of Henan Province (Zhengzhou, China). All animals were housed with maintained temperature at 22 ± 3 °C under natural light/dark conditions and free access to food and water. All animal experimental procedures were approved by Henan University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
Synthesis of ZnGC
The mixture of 8.0 mmol glucose and 2.0 mmol trisodium citrate dihydrate was blended in 40 mL deionized water for 5 min. Then, 2.2 mmol ZnCl2 was subsequently dropped into the solution, and 1 mol L−1 NaOH or HCl was used to adjust pH to 6.5 with constant stirring at 50 °C for 24 h. The white precipitate was observed when ethanol was added until its concentration reached approximately 80% vol. The prepared solution was then centrifuged at 4300 × g for 2 min, the obtained sediment was washed with 80% ethanol three times, and then it was dissolved in water and lyophilized (Christ Delta 1–24 LSC plus, German). This zinc complex obtained was named ZnGC.
Determination of zinc, glucose and citric acid contents
Zinc content
The quantification of zinc content was detected by using ICP-AES system (Optima 2100DV, Perkin Elmer, USA).
Glucose content
The glucose content of ZnGC complex was detected following Galant with minor modification [24]. The samples were dissolved in 2 mL 1 mol L−1 HCl, then 50 mL water and 5 mL 0.05 mol L−1 iodine standard solution were added in. 1 mol L−1 NaOH solution was slowly dropped into the solution until the color became to yellowish. After being reacted in the dark for 15 min, titrate to the end point immediately by Na2S2O3 standard solution with adding 2 mL 1:1 HCl. The glucose content (w/w) in the samples were calculated according to the following equation.
$${\text{glucose\% }} = \frac{{(Mol_{{I_{2} }} - 2 \times Mol_{{Na_{2} S_{2} O_{3} }} ) \times M_{glu\cos e} }}{sample\,weight} \times 100\%$$
Note: Mglucose = 180.157.
Citric acid content
Citric acid was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method [25], which performed on an Agilent 1260 system (Agilent, USA) with a diode array detector (DAD) and the ChemStation (Agilent Technologies, USA) software for data processing. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a reversed-phase column packed with octadecylsilane phase particles (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18) at 25 °C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.5% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (phosphoric acid regulates pH = 3) at 5:95 (v/v). The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL min−1, the detection wavelength at 210 nm, and the sample injection volume was 10 μL.
For the stock solution of the citric acid standard was dissolved in water at a concentration of 3.0 g L−1. The samples were dissolved in 1 M HCl at a concentration of 4.0 g L−1 by appropriate dilutions. All samples and standards were injected three times each and mean values were used [26].
Stability of ZnGC complex
ZnGC complex dissolved in ultra-pure water was dialyzed using 1000 Da dialysis tube in a beaker containing 200 mL ultra-pure water with stirring. 1 mL of dialysate was taken at 1, 12, 24 and 48 h respectively, and 1 mL of ultra-pure water was added after each withdrawal. Then, the content of zinc ions in the dialysate were determined by ICP-AES system.
Physicochemical characterization
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS)
SEM and EDS (JSM-7001F JEOL, Japan) were


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Apply Now Job Number: 499780
Work Type: Full Time with Full Benefits
Location: Fort Lauderdale-Davie, Florida
Department: Undergraduate Admissions
Categories: Administrative / Office Support
About Us:
We are excited that you are considering joining Nova Southeastern University!
Job Title: Admissions Specialist I - 997198
Location: Fort Lauderdale-Davie, Florida
Work Type: Full Time with Full Benefits
Job Category: Non-Exempt
Hiring Range:
Pay Basis: Hourly
Subject to Grant Funding?: No
Essential Job Functions: 1. Provides assistance in completing application and enrollment documents.
2. Reviews student applications by analyzing credentials, computing GPAs, reviewing support documents such as transcripts, and preparing application packages for admissions decisions.
3. Collaborates with admissions colleagues, academic advisers, financial aid officers, and residential life personnel to create an effective yield team and ensure a smooth transition from inquiry to enrolled student status.
4. Participates in promotional activities, including educational fairs, career days, open houses, or special events to present programs to prospective students.
5. Inputs status of significant admission decisions into database.
6. Maintains student data integrity and confidentiality.
7. Sorts or classifies information according to guidelines, such as content, purpose, user criteria, or chronological, alphabetical, or numerical order.
8. Compiles, sorts and verifies the accuracy of data before it is entered.
9. Compares data with source documents, or re-enters data in verification format to detect errors.
10. Stores completed documents in appropriate locations.
12. Locates and corrects data entry errors, or reports them to supervisors.
13. Answers questions about records or files.
14. Keeps records of materials filed or removed, using logbooks or computers and generate computerized reports.
15. Answers telephones, directs calls, and takes messages.
16. Greets persons entering establishment, determines nature and purpose of visit, and directs or escorts them to specific destinations.
17. Provides information about establishment, such as location of departments or offices, employees within the organization, or services provided.
18. Collects, sorts, distributes, or prepares mail, messages, or courier deliveries.
19. Orders and dispenses supplies.
21. Uses computers for various applications, such as database management or word processing.
22. Performs administrative support tasks, such as proofreading, transcribing handwritten information, or operating calculators or computers.
23. Completes special projects as assigned.
24. Performs other duties as assigned or required.
Marginal Job Functions:
Required Knowledge, Skills, & Abilities: Knowledge:
1. Basic knowledge of MS Office Suite (Outlook, Word and Excel).
2. Clerical - Working knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
3. Customer and Personal Service - Working knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of user satisfaction.
4. English Language - Working knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
1. Speaking - Basic skills in talking to others to convey information effectively.
2. Service Orientation - Basic skills in actively looking for ways to help people.
3. Social Perceptiveness - Basic skills in being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
4. Reading Comprehension - Basic understanding of written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
5. Active Listening - Basic skills in giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
6. Critical Thinking - Basic skills in using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
7. Time Management - Basic skills in managing one's own time and the time of others.
8. Writing - Basic skills in communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Physical Requirements:
4. May be required to work nights or weekends.
6. May be required to accomplish job duties using various types of equipment/supplies, to include but not limited to pens, pencils, mobile devices, and computer keyboards.
Job Requirements:
Required Certifications/Licensures:
Required Education: High School Diploma or Equivalent
Major (if required):
Required Experience: High School Diploma and one (1) year of service-related experience
- OR -
Associate's Degree
Preferred Qualifications:
Is this a safety sensitive position? No
Background Screening Required? No
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text:
Carrier-based formulations for dry powder inhalers are precisely designed to transport extremely small particles (1-5 µm) into the lungs. When developing a carrier-based formulation, jet milling can be used to micronize these particles. High or low shear mixing processes can both be applied to formulate mixtures capable of carrying the fine API particles into the deep lung.
Watch the on-demand webinar to:
- Explore the advantages of an integrated approach for a carrier-based formulation development, understanding essential considerations from micronized material, through blending to capsule filling.
- Learn how to effectively screen the jet milling process on a smaller scale and ensure seamless scale-up.
- Gain insights into the role of jet-milling energy and quality by design (QbD) in facilitating a smooth development and scale-up journey.


text:
A Research About Data Mining Production: Precautionary Servicing, Malfunction Conjecture, Quality Management |
Assemblingventures have been gathering and saving more present, point by point andcorrect processing important data. The data saves offer huge potential aswellspring of new learning, however the gigantic measure of data and itsmultifaceted nature far surpasses the capacity to diminish and investigate datawithout the utilization of automated dissection strategies. This paper gives ashort presentation into learning disclosure from databases and presents the mythologyfor data mining in time arrangement. The importance of data mining forassembling should be portrayed.


FreeBSD -- IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol routing vulnerability
Affected packages
6.3 <= FreeBSD < 6.3_5
7.0 <= FreeBSD < 7.0_5
VuXML ID 6b8cadce-db0b-11dd-aa56-000bcdf0a03b
Discovery 2008-10-01
Entry 2009-01-05
Modified 2016-08-09
Problem Description
IPv6 routers may allow "on-link" IPv6 nodes to create and update the router's neighbor cache and forwarding information. A malicious IPv6 node sharing a common router but on a different physical segment from another node may be able to spoof Neighbor Discovery messages, allowing it to update router information for the victim node.
An attacker on a different physical network connected to the same IPv6 router as another node could redirect IPv6 traffic intended for that node. This could lead to denial of service or improper access to private network traffic.
Firewall packet filters can be used to filter incoming Neighbor Solicitation messages but may interfere with normal IPv6 operation if not configured carefully.
Reverse path forwarding checks could be used to make gateways, such as routers or firewalls, drop Neighbor Solicitation messages from nodes with unexpected source addresses on a particular interface.
IPv6 router administrators are encouraged to read RFC 3756 for further discussion of Neighbor Discovery security implications.
CVE Name CVE-2008-2476
FreeBSD Advisory SA-08:10.nd6


text:
Synopsis of Philippine Mammals
To explore the Synopsis of Philippine Mammals, click here.
To explore the Supplement to the Synopsis of Philippine Mammals, click here.
The mammalian fauna of the Philippine Islands is remarkably diverse and species-rich, comprising what may be the greatest concentration of endemic mammals of any country on earth. Since 1988, the Field Museum of Natural History has been the primary base of operations for the Philippine Mammal Project, a multi-institutional, international collaborative effort to document the number of species that are present, the distributions of those species, their relationships within the tree of life, their ecology, and their conservation status. This website, the Synopsis of Philippine Mammals, is a summary of the information that is currently available.
The website was first implemented in 2002, using information from the 1998 publication by Heaney et al., entitled "A Synopsis of the Mammalian Fauna of the Philippine Islands". The Synopsis website was extensively revised and expanded in 2010, in order to incorporate extensive new data, include more photographs, and provide detailed maps of the known distribution of each species. To keep the website up to date, as additional species are discovered and formally described, or species of marine mammals are documented in Philippine waters for the first time, we add them to the Supplement, and will eventually merge these into the main site once site maintenance has been completed.
As documented on this website, the terrestrial fauna is now known to include at least 214 native species (plus seven introduced species), in an area of only a bit over 300,000 square kilometers, one of the highest densities of native mammals in the world. Moreover, most of the species are found nowhere else: of the 214 native terrestrial species, 125 (58%) are endemic, and among the 111 non-flying native mammals, 101 (91%) are unique to the Philippines. They constitute an astounding example of adaptive radiation by mammals in an oceanic archipelago, and may justifiably serve as a source of great pride to the Philippine nation.
This website has been developed as a collaborative project with the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau of the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Primary funding for its development has come from the Negaunee Foundation.
Explore our Philippine mammal project further:
Videos from the Abbott Hall of Conservation-Restoring Earth:
Mammal Discoveries in the Philippines
Why Mossy Forests in the Philippines are important
Island Evolution: Why islands have so many endemic species
Science at FMNH: Mammal Conservation in Island Ecosystems
The Field Revealed: Cloud Rat
(Above photo by LR Heaney. Musseromys gulantang from Quezon Province, Luzon Island, Philippines.)


text:
Hammerhead sharks are a species of shark found in tropical oceans worldwide. Their name is derived from the unusual shape of their head which gives them increased sensory ability to detect prey.
In the early 18th century, hammerhead sharks were hunted by various individuals, such as the pirates Edward Kenway and Adéwalé. The bones they collected from the sharks were profitable in this era of the West Indies, and Edward used them as crafting material for his second ammunition pouch and his shark hunter outfit.
During the Peloponnesian War, a heavy hammer that was inspired by and dedicated to the hammerhead sharks was made available to the Spartan misthios Kassandra through an Animus modification by Layla Hassan, an Assassin who relieved her memories.
Behind the scenes
In Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag, hammerhead sharks can be hunted for "hammerhead shark bones". In reality, sharks do not have mineralized bones, only cartilage and connective tissue. These "hammerhead shark bones" are required materials for crafting two items: the pistol ammo pouch II and the shark hunter outfit. Two are needed for the pouch while one bone and one pelt of bull shark skin is needed for the outfit.
- Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag
- Assassin's Creed: Pirates
- Assassin's Creed: Odyssey (mentioned only)


Polygons equivalents - Colegiul Național din Iași (Iași - Roumanie)
Titre du sujet
Polygons equivalents
Établissement
Colegiul Național din Iași (Iași - Roumanie)
Année
2021-2022
Résumé
Polygons equivalents Let A and B be two polygons of the same area. Can A be cut into polygons which by rearrangement form the polygon B? In particular cases (eg A an equilateral triangle, B a square), what is the minimum number of polygons with the required property?
Mots clés


Basic College Mathematics (9th Edition)
Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: _PHONE_
ISBN 13: 978-0-32182-553-7
Work Step by Step
If each symbol represents 500 stores and 7-Eleven has 10.5 symbols, then it has 500 * 10.5 = 5250 stores.
Update this answer!
Update this answer


Definition of the Term "Church Key"???
From the January 1980 JFO Newsletter (by Don Bull):
In the Dictionary of Word and Phrase Origins by William and Mary Morris, they explain the term "Church Key" as follows: "When I passed on through my newspaper column a question from a Maryland reader about why "the tool that punches a triangular hole in a beer can is called a church key," I received lots of explanations. Included was one amusing script - virtually a one-act play - purporting to prove that the name was coined by a pair of hung-over acolytes.
But then I had an explanation from - where else? - Milwaukee, the beer capital of the world. It seems so authentic that all other theories may now be put aside. For one thing, Mr. J. R. Oberhofer, an old-time brewery worker, pointed out that the expression church key is much older than the device that leaves a triangular hole in beer cans. Indeed, it goes back to early days of the brewing business, when beer was first dispensed in bottles. 'The expression church key is old in the brewing business,' he wrote. 'I worked in a brewery for about 35 years and everybody carried a bottle opener or church key, perhaps so called because it looked like the top end of the kind of heavy ornate key used to unlock church doors.
I am enclosing an old relic that is about 50 years old. It's made of cast iron and from its weight and appearance, you can see its resemblance to a church door key. With the coming of cans in the brewing business, the bottle opener gave way to the can opener that makes the triangular marks - but the name church key was simply transferred to the new device.' Mr. Oberhofer actually did send the cast iron bottle opener, and the evidence seems to me entirely persuasive. Thanks to him for settling a question that has puzzled me for many a year." (Editor's note from Don Bull) Thank you William and Mary Morris... I assume the reference is to a D Cast Iron Cap Lifter. Does anyone have any other theories on the origin of the term "Church Key"?
From the October 1984 JFO Newsletter, Research by Joe Young our "Tin Can Opener Man"
about Mr. J. R. Oberhofer is shared with us: Mr. Oberhofer, Sr. started at the A. Gettelman Brewing Company and returned there after Prohibition. He retired from Miller Brewing Company about 20 years ago. (Gettelman was purchased by Miller in 1961) Mr. Oberhofer was a truck driver, and in later years, worked in the garage.
Circa 1900s Cast Iron Openers
Styles cited in the above article
D-1-21 Valley Brew / Stockton
D-5-28 Budweiser
D-3-23 Vals Favorite (Val Blatz Brewing Co)
Circa 1930s-1960s Can Piercers/Bottle Openers
that many claim are "Church Keys"
I-7 Vaughan's Quick & Easy (1st Patented Can Opener 1935)
I-17-297 Hamms Beer (Painted made from the Ro-Loc Process early 1960s)
I-11-380 Lone Star Beer (Painted made from the Ro-Loc Process early 1960s)


text:
Francisca Sharp. Floor. November 25th , 2017.
As mentioned earlier, grout is a very porous surface. As a result, it can quickly get damaged if one uses high volumes of water during the cleaning process. To ensure superior cleaning results without using too much water, it would be best to switch to hard tile floor cleaners that generate dry steam. The low moisture content, as low as 5 percent, ensures effective cleaning of grout without posing any threat of damage to the grout surfaces. Tiled floors in kitchens, restaurants and food processing facilities generally feature high concentrations of germ and bacteria buildup. Scrubbing or the use of sanitizers may not always help eliminate germs. Thankfully, the hot steam generated by tile cleaners helps eliminate germs, mold, mildew, and bacteria from floors. Powerful anti-bacterial technologies in high-grade hard surface cleaners ensure the elimination of up to 99.99 percent of the most dangerous pathogens from tiled floors.
Prepare the Sub-Floor for the Tiling Process. After you are ready with your tools and before you begin tile flooring installation, you must first prepare the sub-floor for the ceramic tile flooring installation. This involves cleaning the sub-floor thoroughly and checking it for cracks. If you do find cracks, you must repair them. If any crack is too large to repair, that section of the floor must be replaced completely. If your floors are wooden make sure that they are supported well and are at least two inches thick so that they are able to withstand the weight of the tiles you are about to install on them. Once you have checked for cracks and cleaned all the debris off the sub-floor you are ready to begin with your ceramic tile flooring installation.
Now the fun begins, and the first order of business is to choose the right floor plan that is consistent with the home you have pictured in your mind's eye - and the property on which it will be built. Odds are you'll probably not open a magazine by chance and stumble upon a floor plan that has occupied your dreams all these years. Choosing a plan and refining the design to meet your needs will require some research, self-introspection and creative inspiration.
Without an accurate floor plan, it is also going to be haphazard to track how the air currents flow through a space, especially a large space. And yet it is so easy to see it all at a glance with the floor plan in front of us. In fact, we can even forewarn and advise a person regarding a house not yet built, if we have a floor plan to refer to. Another critical reason for having an accurate floor plan is in the circumstance where a home has been remodeled or added on to. In some cases, a house with an addition might be considered more than one house, technically, when we evaluate the addition on its own terms. If an addition constitutes more than half the square footage of the original foot print, then this may justify calculating the entire house as new, with the more current energy taking over the whole space, based on when the addition was done.
Besides discounted carpet, you will find some shops offering remnants of carpets at reasonable and affordable price. The only thing you need to be careful is to make sure the remnants are not defected. The other alternative you can have is to purchase rugs for your home adornment. But do not compromise with quality at any rate. If you are thinking and planning to decorate your furniture, then rugs can be used but for flooring, carpet is more suitable. The homeowners for whom expensive carpets are beyond reach can buy Laminate wood flooring. This flooring option will give your flooring not only an attractive look but also give durable life.
Any content, trademark's, or other material that might be found on the Constell website that is not Constell's property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does Constell claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner.


text:
Cubit Estimating allows for take-off curve or arc shapes.
To Draw an ARC
1. Left mouse click at the start point
2. Left mouse click at the endpoint and hold the mouse button.
3. While holding the mouse button down, move the mouse cursor where you want the line to a curve.
Note: If the Curve is not very accurate, you can add edit shape and add more node points to correct the shape.
Fig 1. Drawing an arc
To Edit and Correct the Shape
1. Click Select button from the Home Ribbon.
Fig 2. Select Mode
2. Double click on the drawn shape.
Note: You will see the yellow node point when the shape is in edit mode.
Fig 3. Edit Mode
3. Hold CTRL Key and then left mouse on the shape to add more node points.
4. Click on the node point to drag them and correct the shape.
Fig 4. Node Points


text:
Permanent URL to this publication: _URL_
Zaborowski, Christoph; Zweifel, Peter (1998). Getting Out of Debt: Attachment of wage in whose interest? Working paper series / Socioeconomic Institute No. 9802, University of Zurich.
Attachment of wage as a way for creditors to enforce payment by unwilling or insolvent debtors is not very successful in several countries. Based on a dynamic model of debtor behaviour, this paper explores two alternatives of reform. One is to reduce the rate of attachment, which at present amounts to 100 percent of the wage income exceeding the subsistence level, thus probably destroying incentives to work. According to model simulations, reducing the attachment rate is likely to result in an increase of labour supply but a decrease of attachment revenue per period. Second, the introduction of a debt release would have an ambiguous effect on labour supply. While resulting in a partial loss for creditors, it would permit debtors to get out of debt. A Pareto improvement thus does not seem to be possible. When taking the taxpayers as an involved third party into account, however, a potential Pareto improvement appears attainable.
1082 downloads since deposited on 29 Nov 2011
125 downloads since 12 months
|Item Type:||Working Paper|
|Communities & Collections:||03 Faculty of Economics > Department of Economics
Working Paper Series > Socioeconomic Institute (former)
|Dewey Decimal Classification:||330 Economics|
|JEL Classification:||D91, J22, K29|
|Deposited On:||29 Nov 2011 19:45|
|Last Modified:||05 Apr 2016 15:09|
|Series Name:||Working paper series / Socioeconomic Institute|
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text:
Stack Computers: the new wave © Copyright 1989, Philip Koopman, All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 2. A Taxonomy of Hardware Stack Support
In order to convey the category for a particular architecture, we shall use a three character shorthand notation based on the three axes of classification. The first letter of the abbreviation specifies the number of stacks (Single or Multiple). The second letter of the abbreviation specifies the size of dedicated stack memory (Small or Large). The third letter of the abbreviation specifies the number of operands in the instruction format (0, 1, or 2). Thus, the abbreviation SS0 would signify an architecture with a single stack, small dedicated stack memory, and 0-operand addressing and the abbreviation ML2 would signify an architecture with multiple stacks, large dedicated stack memory, and 2-operand addressing.
Table 2.1 shows the categorization of existing and historical stack oriented architectures by taxonomy category. Appendix A briefly discusses each of these architectures and how they implement features related to the taxonomy.
Category Machines SS0 Aerospace Computer, Burroughs family, Caltech Chip, EULER, GLOSS, HITAC-10, ITS, LAX2, Mesa, Microdata 32/S, Transputer, WD9000 SS1 AAMP, Buffalo Stack Machine, EM-1, HP300/HP3000, ICL2900, IPL-VI, MCODE, MU5, POMP Pascal SS2 Intel 80x86 SL0 G Machine, NORMA SL1 AADC, Micro-3L SL2 AM29000, CRISP, Dragon, Pyramid 90x, RISC I, SOAR MS0 Action Processor, APL Language Machine, FORTRAN Machine, HUT, Internal Machine, MISC M17, Rockwell Microcontrollers, Symbol, Tree Machine MS1 PDP-11 MS2 Motorola 680x0 ML0 ALCOR, An ALGOL Machine, FRISC 3, KDF-9, Kobe University Machine, MF1600, NC4016, OPA, PASCAL Machine, QFORTH, Reduction Language Machine, Rekursive, RTX 2000, RTX 32P, RUFOR, The Forth Engine, TM, Vaughan & Smith's Machine, WISC CPU/16, WISC CPU/32 ML1 Lilith, LISP machines, SF1, Soviet Machine ML2 PSP, SF1, Socrates
Table 2.1. Population of the stack machine taxonomy
Phil Koopman -- _EMAIL_


The Stripe Gateway API allows marketplace payments to be processed and distributed automatically using Stripe. Marketplace payment processing using Stripe is the quickest and easiest method of implementing payments for your marketplace.
OpenChannel's Stripe integration manages user credit cards and payment processing, automatically deposits the the commission into your Stripe account and deposits the remaining balance into the developer's Stripe account.
In order to user Stripe payment processing:
 1. You are required to setup and configure a Stripe account for your marketplace
 2. Developers are required to setup and configure a Stripe account
 3. Both yourself and Developers must be from a country that is supported by Stripe (see supported countries)
Payments must be enabled and 'Stripe' must be selected as the gateway in order to use these API endpoints. See Setting Up Payments With Stripe. Once the marketplace's Stripe account is setup and integrated with the marketplace, The Stripe Gateway API can be used to allow developers to connect their Stripe accounts and users to manage their payment details. See Stripe Gateway for more details.
You must have administrator privileges for your marketplace in order to see Settings in the left navigation menu.
Connecting Developer Stripe Accounts
Allowing a developer to connect their Stripe account is as easy as redirecting the developer to a specific URL. Retrieve the URL by calling the Connect Developer Account API method with the developerId and the URL of where you would like the developer to redirected to once they've completed the connection flow.
As part of the API response, a URL will be provided. Example:
 "developerId": "123",
 "expires": 1432695338702,
 "targetUrl": ""
Redirect the developer to this URL in order to begin Stripe's account connection flow. The developer's connected Stripe accounts can be retrieved using the Get Developer Accounts API method. A developer's Stripe accounts can be disconnected using the Disconnect Developer Account API method.
Managing User Credit Card Details
Users can add, update, view and remove their credit card details. By setting up a credit card, users are able to purchase apps without the need to repeatedly enter their credit card details.
Adding credit cards requires the use of the Stripe.js library. After calling the stripe.createToken method, use the result.token value in the response as a parameter to call the Add Credit Card API method.
Although additional API methods are provided to allow for multiple credit cards to be added, updated and removed, the simplest and most preferred implementation strategy is to only allow the user to set a single credit card.
Simple implementation:
 1. Create a form to allow the user to enter their credit card details (name, card number, expiry date, CVC).
 2. Call stripe.createToken from the Stripe.js library to retrieve a token.
 3. Call the Add Credit Card API method with isDefault set to true.
 4. Inspect the Cards returned by the above API call and delete any card that is not the default using the Delete Credit Card API method.


text:
In the article SAP HANA Modeling Introduction
and SAP HANA Calculation View
we explained the basics of SAP HANA data modeling. We also learnt how to create modeling views in Build Your First SAP HANA Model in 10 Minutes
In this article we will explain what is Analytic privilege in HANA and how does it work.
What is Analytic Privileges?
Analytic privileges control access to SAP HANA data models.
Analytic privileges are used to grant different users access to different portions of data in the same view
depending on their business role.
It allows us to maintain row-level access
Why do we need Analytic Privilege?
SQL privileges implement authorization at object level only. Users either have access to an object, such as a table, view or procedure, or they do not.
While this is often sufficient, there are cases when access to data in an object depends on certain values or combinations of values. Analytic privileges are used in the SAP HANA database to provide such fine-grained control of which data individual users can see within the same view.
Suppose there is a calculation view which contains the sales data of all the regions like Asia, Europe and America.
The regional managers must have access to the calculation view to see the data. However, managers should only see the data for their region. The manager of America region should not be able to see data of other region.
In this case, an analytic privilege could be modeled so that they can all query the view, but only the data that each user is authorized to see is returned.
Important Facts about Analytic Privileges:
- Analytic privileges are intended to control read-only access to SAP HANA information models, that is
- Attribute views
- Analytic views
- Calculation views
- Analytic privileges do not apply to database tables or views modeled on row-store tables.
Create and Manage Analytic Privilege.
Here is the sequence of steps to achieve this
- Create Analytic Privilege and assign restriction for region "Asia".
- Assign the Analytic Privilege to User to restrict the data on HANA Views.
SAP HANA System Privileges Required to Create/Manage Analytic Privilege:
To create analytic privileges, the system privilege CREATE STRUCTURED PRIVILEGE is required.
To drop analytic privileges, the system privilege STRUCTUREDPRIVILEGE ADMIN is required.
In the SAP HANA modeler, repository objects are technically created by the technical user _SYS_REPO, which by default has the system privileges for both creating and dropping analytic privileges.
The database user requires the package privileges REPO.EDIT_NATIVE_OBJECTS and REPO.ACTIVATE_NATIVE_OBJECTS to activate and redeploy analytic privileges in the Modeler.
Steps to Create an Analytic Privilege:
We need to create the modeling view first which will be used in the Analytic Privilege.
Create a calculation view by following the article Create a calculation view in 10 minutes.
The output of the calculation view is
Let us see how we can restrict the output only for "Asia" region.
Right click on the package and select "Analytic Privilege"
Specify Name and label for the Analytic Privilege
Select the calculation view and click on Add button. Then click on "Finish".
Click on Add button as shown below and select the column REGION_NAME.
Now we need to assign the restriction. Click on the add button as shown below and select the value "Asia".
Save and activate the analytic privilege.
The analytic privilege is ready. Now we can assign this analytic privilege to any user.
Assign Analytic Privilege to a User:
: You must have authorization to create/assign privileges to a user.
Go to Security -> Users. Right click and create a new user. Specify user name and password.
Click on the "Analytic Privileges" tab and add the analytic privilege created in previous step.
You also need to assign following privileges required to get access to modeling views.
- Execute & Select access on _SYS_BI
- Execute & Select access on _SYS_BIC
- Execute on REPOSITORY_REST
Done!! We have created an analytic privilege and assign that to a user.
Now add the same HANA system using new user. Open the data preview of the same calculation view. It will show only the data for region "Asia".


text:
Anderson County, Kansas
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.|
Anderson is a county in Kansas. It was formed in 1855 from the following county/ies: original. Anderson began keeping birth records in 1892–94*, marriage records in _PHONE_, and death records in _PHONE_. It began keeping land records in 1857, probate records in 1855, and court records in 1860. For more information, contact the county at 100 E. Fourth Ave, Garnett 66032-1500. On the attached map, Anderson is located at K4.
For information about the state of Kansas see Kansas Family History Research.


Theorems on Cyclic Quadrilateral
In this section we will discuss theorems on cyclic quadrilateral.
A quadrilateral is called
Cyclic quadrilateral if its all vertices lie on the circle.
It has some special properties which other quadrilaterals, in general, need not have. Here we have proved some theorems on cyclic quadrilateral.
1) The opposite angles of a Cyclic - quadrilateral are supplementary.
Given : A cyclic quadrilateral ABCD.
Prove that : ∠A + ∠C = 180° ang ∠B + ∠D = 180°
Construction : Join AC and BD.
Statements
Reasons
1) ∠ACB = ∠ADB 1) Angles in the same segment.
2) ∠BAC = ∠BDC 2) Angles in the same segment
3)∠ACB + ∠BAC = ∠ADB + ∠BDC 3) Addition property
4) ∠ACB + ∠BAC = ∠ADC 4) Add ∠ABC on both sides.
5) ∠ABC + ∠ACB + ∠BAC = ∠ABC + ∠ADC 5) From Above.
6) 180o = ∠ABC + ∠ADC 6) Sum of the angle of a triangle is 180o
7) ∠B + ∠D = 180o 7) Opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral.
8) ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D 8) Measure of a quadrilateral.
9) ∠A + ∠C = 360o - (∠B + ∠D) 9) From Above.
10) ∠A + ∠C = 360o - 180o = 180o 10) Angle sum property
11) ∠A + ∠C = 180o and ∠B + ∠D = 180o 11) From above .So opposite angles are supplementary.
2) If one side of a cyclic quadrilateral is produced, then the exterior angle is equal to the interior opposite angle.
Given : A cyclic quadrilateral ABCD one of whose side AB is produced to E.
Prove that : ∠CBE = ∠ADC
Statements
Reasons
1) ∠ABC + ∠ADC = 180o 1) Opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral
2) ∠ABC + ∠CBE = 180o 2) Linear Pair angles.
3) ∠ABC + ∠ADC = ∠ABC + ∠CBE 3) From above.
4) ∠ADC = ∠CBE 4) subtraction property
Theorems on Circle
Theorems on Chord
Theorems on Chord and Subtended Angle
Theorems on Arc and Angle
Theorems on Cyclic Quadrilateral
Home Page
{link-v-xlrg-1}


text:
In the early 1924 a paddock (now playing fields near the inner Canberra suburb of Dickson) was the 'designated' airfield for Canberra and known as the Northbourne Aviation Ground. However, as Canberra was not a scheduled destination, it was mostly used for emergency landings for aircraft on domestic routes such as Sydney to Adelaide.
In late 1926 with the opening of Parliament House approaching and celebrations with a Royal Australian Airforce flying display, the Dickson airfield was considered unsuitable to host the variety of aircraft expected. Instead, a paddock in the Majura Valley owned by the Campbell family, graziers at the time, was deemed by Airforce Captain Henri Petre to be 'absolutely ideal for flying', with landing distances of 'not less than 1000 yards in all directions'.
So in 1926 this site at the corner of the Majura Valley Road and the Queanbeyan-Duntroon Road was leased to the Department of Defence. Four years later it was handed over to the government's then-civil aviation control.
The RAAF may have erected a wooden hut for service personnel attending the opening of Parliament House, but the first building formally documented at the 'Duntroon Aerodrome' (later to become Canberra Aerodrome) was a large hangar in 1936 at the site where the northern end of Canberra's present terminal stands.
By 1939 work had already begun on construction of a military base on the opposite side of the aerodrome from the civilian hangar.
From this time until 2003 when the RAAF base was decommissioned, the airport has operated for the needs of both defence and civil aviation. The remaining defence presence on the north-eastern side of the airport now operates the Prime Minister's VIP fleet of aircraft.
Throughout these decades, the airport runways continued to be upgraded and lengthened as aircraft sizes increased and aircraft began landing with greater frequency.
The airport terminal too, has undergone some major changes. Firstly, it was façade improvement in the early 1950s, followed by small extensions. Between 1960 and 1970 passenger numbers exploded form 206,096 a year to more than half a million, so in 1970-71 a bigger terminal was built.
In late 1980 with news of the forthcoming opening of New Parliament House in 1988, a new domestic terminal was needed requiring a major restructuring of the existing terminal. Rolling additions continued throughout the early 1990s.
In 1998 the Federal Government sold the Canberra Airport to Canberra businessman Terry Snow and his family. It was an airport with declining facilities and rundown aviation infrastructure. The existing terminal alone had 42 different floor levels, having been renovated, added to and built in so many stages.
At that time each end of the terminal was owned by existing airlines which had control over capital works and so major upgrades could not be undertaken. It wasn't until Terry Snow was able to purchase the ex-Ansett end of the terminal from administrators that major upgrades could begin if not over the whole site, then key pieces of infrastructure. These included major runway, apron and car park upgrades, a new hangar, development of a new entrance, and internal facilities.
Five years later after negotiations with Qantas, the Airport reached an agreement on developing a completely new terminal on the existing site. By 2009, the Canberra Airport AirVolution had begun.


text:
Forsyth GIS Day 2011 & Geography Awareness Week
Posted on 10/31/2011
The National Geographic Society has sponsored Geography Awareness Week since 1987 to promote geographic literacy in schools, communities and organizations, with a focus on the education of children. GIS Day is held on the Wednesday during Geography Awareness Week.
Geography touches everyone's life in some way; nearly anything you can think of has some geographical component. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools that allow us to better understand, interpret and visualize patterns, relationships and trends in data by examining them geographically.
You may not realize it, but chances are you use or benefit from GIS every day. If you've ever gotten directions to a new restaurant online, or used the GPS in your car or on your smartphone to get there, then you've had experience with GIS. From these simple applications to complex systems of transportation logistics, watershed modeling and emergency response, GIS has become an integral part of our lives.
The Forsyth Geographic Information Office was recently created to manage and coordinate the use of GIS by departments within the county and cities. We are inviting all to join us in this event – one of many celebrated across the globe – where GIS users from across the county and state will present examples of how they employ GIS.
Informational maps, posters and computer applications will be on display throughout the week, and on Wednesday the event's participants will be on-site to discuss, educate and enlighten.
Geography Awareness Week: November 14 – 18
Forsyth GIS Day 2011: Wednesday, November 16, 10:00 am – 3:00 pm
Forsyth County Government Center, 201 N. Chestnut Street, Winston-Salem


text:
- To understand how explosive the 1A metals are.
- 1L beaker
- Fill beaker with water (about half way).
- Remove small piece of sodium.
- Throw small piece of sodium in the water.
- Observe what happens and then try it again with a bigger piece and notice how much more
explosive it is.
- What happens when the sodium is thrown in the water?


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Sunday, April 22 2012
Cyclic HSP based on Subgroup Reduction
In my master thesis on quantum computing, I designed a version of the Abelian HSP algorithm based on subgroup reduction. In a previous blog post, I wondered whether this algorithm could be extended to the Dedekindian HSP and if it would be more efficient than the standard one. I'm going to prove that the latter is false in the cyclic case, where the two algorithms have exactly the same associated Markov chain.
Recall that the HSP is - given a finite group GG, an unknown subgroup HH and an "oracle" ff hiding HH (i.e. a function on GG which factorizes on the coset space G/HG/H in a function with pairwise distinct values) - to determine the subgroup HH using a number of oracle calls polynomial in the size of GG.
In the standard Dedekindian HSP algorithm, GG is a dedekind group and we use Fourier Sampling to measure a polynomial number of representations ρ1,ρm\rho _{1},...\rho _{m} of GG such that HKerρkH\subseteq\operatorname{Ker}{\rho _{k}}. One proves that with high probability H=kKerρkH=\cap _{k}\operatorname{Ker}{\rho _{k}}. In my alternative algorithm, we measure ρ1\rho _{1} and set G1=Kerρ1G_{1}=\operatorname{Ker}{\rho _{1}}. Then instead of continuing to work on the whole group GG, the idea is to move to a HSP problem on G1G_{1} with hidden subgroup HH. Then do a Fourier Sampling on G1G_{1} to move to a new subgroup G2G_{2} and so forth. If HGkH\subsetneq G_{k} then there is a probability at least one half, that Gk+1G_{{k+1}} is at least twice smaller and so we see that we reach HH in an exponentially fast way.
Let's now consider the cyclic HSP. We are given a cyclic group G=ZN=Z/NZG=\mathbb{Z}_{N}=\mathbb{Z}/{N\mathbb{Z}} and a hidden subgroup H=dZNH=d\mathbb{Z}_{N} for some 1dN1\leq d\leq N and an oracle ff. With this setting, one call to ff allows to get a Fourier sample λNd\lambda\frac{N}{d} for some random λ0,1,,d-1\lambda\in\{ 0,1,...,d-1\}, with uniform probability. In the standard cyclic HSP, we repeat Fourier sampling to get λ1Nd,λ2Nd,λmNd\lambda _{1}\frac{N}{d},\lambda _{2}\frac{N}{d},...\lambda _{m}\frac{N}{d} and deduce dd. For example, one can show that
P(Ngcd(λkNd)1km=d)1-2-m/2P(\frac{N}{\operatorname{gcd}{\left(\lambda _{k}\frac{N}{d}\right)}_{{1\leq k\leq m}}}=d)\geq 1-2^{{-m/2}}
In the algorithm I proposed, we build a sequence of polynomial length HGmGm-1G1=G=ZNH\subseteq G_{m}\subseteq G_{{m-1}}\subseteq...\subseteq G_{1}=G=\mathbb{Z}_{N} such that with high probability, H=GmH=G_{m}. Clearly, all the GkG_{k}'s are cyclic groups and can be written Gk=akZNG_{k}=a_{k}\mathbb{Z}_{N}. Since they contain H=dZNH=d\mathbb{Z}_{N}, we have ak|da_{k}|d. From aka_{k}, we set dk=dakd_{k}=\frac{d}{a}_{k} and Nk=NakN_{k}=\frac{N}{a}_{k}. We have the isomorphism ϕk:GkZNk\phi _{k}:G_{k}\overset{\sim}{\to}\mathbb{Z}_{{N_{k}}} defined by ϕkx=xak\phi _{k}(x)=\frac{x}{a}_{k}. Hence we can now work on ZNk\mathbb{Z}_{{N_{k}}}, with a hidden subgroup Hk=ϕkH=dkZNkH_{k}=\phi _{k}(H)=d_{k}\mathbb{Z}_{{N_{k}}} and oracle fk=fϕk-1f_{k}=f\circ\phi _{k}^{{-1}}.
We start with G1=G=ZN,H1=H=dZN,a1=1,d1=d,N1=NG_{1}=G=\mathbb{Z}_{N},H_{1}=H=d\mathbb{Z}_{N},a_{1}=1,d_{1}=d,N_{1}=N. At step kk, we perform a Fourier sampling that provides a random λkNkdk\lambda _{k}\frac{N_{k}}{d_{k}} for some λk0,1,,dk-1\lambda _{k}\in\{ 0,1,...,d_{k}-1\}. Then, applying the Continued Fraction Algorithm on λkNkdkakN=λkdk\lambda _{k}\frac{N_{k}}{d_{k}}\frac{a_{k}}{N}=\frac{\lambda _{k}}{d_{k}} we get an irreducible fraction pkqk\frac{p_{k}}{q_{k}} and a divisor qkq_{k} of dkd_{k}. Set ak+1=qkaka_{{k+1}}=q_{k}a_{k}. Then Gk+1=ak+1ZNG_{{k+1}}=a_{{k+1}}\mathbb{Z}_{N} is a subgroup of GkG_{k}. Because qk|dkq_{k}|d_{k}, we have akqk|akdk=d{a_{k}q_{k}}|{a_{k}d_{k}}=d and so HH is a subgroup of Gk+1G_{{k+1}}.
The general remark about the algorithm being exponentially fast is easy to see in the cyclic case. Indeed if qk=1q_{k}=1 above, then λk=pkdk\lambda _{k}=p_{k}d_{k} which happens only if λk=0\lambda _{k}=0. If at step kk, we have HGkH\subsetneq G_{k} then λk\lambda _{k} can take a non-zero value with probability at least one half. In that case qk2q_{k}\geq 2 and ak+12aka_{{k+1}}\geq 2a_{k}. Hence aka_{k} grows exponentially fast until it becomes stationary and thus am=da_{m}=d with very high probability.
We can prove that we get the same procedure using only Fourier sampling on the initial group GG. Suppose we have measured Fourier samples λ1Nd,λ2Nd,λmNd\lambda _{1}\frac{N}{d},\lambda _{2}\frac{N}{d},...\lambda _{m}\frac{N}{d}. We want to construct the same sequence aka_{k}. Set a1=1a_{1}=1. For each 1k


Tracking documentation progress
21st December, 2017
Applies to: 6.x versions, Article available also for: 9.x (current), 8.x, 7.x, 5.x
You are looking at documentation for an older release.
One of the features of Dataedo is documentation progress tracking.
To enable it, click the Show progress button on the ribbon. Show progress button
Progress bars will appear in the documentation tree. Progress displayed
Progress of individual objects
Progress of documentation of an object is calculated with a following formula:
Progress = Actual points/Total points
Total points = 5 (main description) + [number of columns] + [number of keys] + [number of relations] + [number of triggers] + [number of inputs/outputs]
Actual points = 5 if main description is non blank + 1 for each column where description is non blank + 1 for each key with description + 1 for each relation with description + 1 for each trigger with description + 1 for each input/output with description
Progress at 0% means that no descriptions are present in the repository.
Progress at 100% means that all required descriptions are filled (non blank) in the repository.
Progress of documentation
Dataedo aggregates progress of objects up to the folders and modules and eventually to documentation level (database/connection). Documentation progress of documentation is a total of all documentation objects (tables, views, procedures and functions):
Progress = Sum of actual points of all objects/Sum of total points of all objects
Progress of module
Dataedo shows a progress for each specific module. The formula is the same as for documentation, but including only objects assigned to module.
Progress of object type/folder
The same logic applies to counting progress of documentation of particular object type - all tables, views, etc. are summarized.
More information
Ignoring triggers, keys and relations in progress calculations
Found issue with this article? Comment below


Laravel 10.x Notifications
Notifications
Introduction
In addition to support for sending email, Laravel provides support for sending notifications across a variety of delivery channels, including email, SMS (via Vonage, formerly known as Nexmo), and Slack. In addition, a variety of community built notification channels have been created to send notifications over dozens of different channels! Notifications may also be stored in a database so they may be displayed in your web interface.
Typically, notifications should be short, informational messages that notify users of something that occurred in your application. For example, if you are writing a billing application, you might send an "Invoice Paid" notification to your users via the email and SMS channels.
Generating Notifications
In Laravel, each notification is represented by a single class that is typically stored in the app/Notifications directory. Don't worry if you don't see this directory in your application - it will be created for you when you run the make:notification Artisan command:
php artisan make:notification InvoicePaid
This command will place a fresh notification class in your app/Notifications directory. Each notification class contains a via method and a variable number of message building methods, such as toMail or toDatabase, that convert the notification to a message tailored for that particular channel.
Sending Notifications
Using The Notifiable Trait
Notifications may be sent in two ways: using the notify method of the Notifiable trait or using the Notification facade. The Notifiable trait is included on your application's App\Models\User model by default:
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
class User extends Authenticatable
{
 use Notifiable;
}
The notify method that is provided by this trait expects to receive a notification instance:
use App\Notifications\InvoicePaid;
$user->notify(new InvoicePaid($invoice));
Note:
Remember, you may use the Notifiable trait on any of your models. You are not limited to only including it on your User model.
Using The Notification Facade
Alternatively, you may send notifications via the Notification facade. This approach is useful when you need to send a notification to multiple notifiable entities such as a collection of users. To send notifications using the facade, pass all of the notifiable entities and the notification instance to the send method:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Notification;
Notification::send($users, new InvoicePaid($invoice));
You can also send notifications immediately using the sendNow method. This method will send the notification immediately even if the notification implements the ShouldQueue interface:
Notification::sendNow($developers, new DeploymentCompleted($deployment));
Specifying Delivery Channels
Every notification class has a via method that determines on which channels the notification will be delivered. Notifications may be sent on the mail, database, broadcast, vonage, and slack channels.
Note:
If you would like to use other delivery channels such as Telegram or Pusher, check out the community driven Laravel Notification Channels website.
The via method receives a $notifiable instance, which will be an instance of the class to which the notification is being sent. You may use $notifiable to determine which channels the notification should be delivered on:
/**
 * Get the notification's delivery channels.
 *
 * @return array<int, string>
 */
public function via(object $notifiable): array
{
 return $notifiable->prefers_sms ? ['vonage'] : ['mail', 'database'];
}
Queueing Notifications
Warning!!
Before queueing notifications you should configure your queue and start a worker.
Sending notifications can take time, especially if the channel needs to make an external API call to deliver the notification. To speed up your application's response time, let your notification be queued by adding the ShouldQueue interface and Queueable trait to your class. The interface and trait are already imported for all notifications generated using the make:notification command, so you may immediately add them to your notification class:
<?php
namespace App\Notifications;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notification;
class InvoicePaid extends Notification implements ShouldQueue
{
 use Queueable;
 // ...
}
Once the ShouldQueue interface has been added to your notification, you may send the notification like normal. Laravel will detect the ShouldQueue interface on the class and automatically queue the delivery of the notification:
$user->notify(new InvoicePaid($invoice));
When queueing notifications, a queued job will be created for each recipient and channel combination. For example, six jobs will be dispatched to the queue if your notification has three recipients and two channels.
Delaying Notifications
If you would like to delay the delivery of the notification, you may chain the delay method onto your notification instantiation:
$delay = now()->addMinutes(10);
$user->notify((new InvoicePaid($invoice))->delay($delay));
Delaying Notifications Per Channel
You may pass an array to the delay method to specify the delay amount for specific channels:
$user->notify((new InvoicePaid($invoice))->delay([
 'mail' => now()->addMinutes(5),
 'sms' => now()->addMinutes(10),
]));
Alternatively, you may define a withDelay method on the notification class itself. The withDelay method should return an array of channel names and delay values:
/**
 * Determine the notification's delivery delay.
 *
 * @return array<string, \Illuminate\Support\Carbon>
 */
public function withDelay(object $notifiable): array
{
 return [
 'mail' => now()->addMinutes(5),
 'sms' => now()->addMinutes(10),
 ];
}
Customizing The Notification Queue Connection
By default, queued notifications will be queued using your application's default queue connection. If you would like to specify a different connection that should be used for a particular notification, you may call the onConnection method from your notification's constructor:
<?php
namespace App\Notifications;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notification;
class InvoicePaid extends Notification implements ShouldQueue
{
 use Queueable;
 /**
 * Create a new notification instance.
 */
 public function __construct()
 {
 $this->onConnection('redis');
 }
}
Or, if you would like to specify a specific queue connection that should be used for each notification channel supported by the notification, you may define a viaConnections method on your notification. This method should return an array of channel name / queue connection name pairs:
/**
 * Determine which connections should be used for each notification channel.
 *
 * @return array<string, string>
 */
public function viaConnections(): array
{
 return [
 'mail' => 'redis',
 'database' => 'sync',
 ];
}
Customizing Notification Channel Queues
If you would like to specify a specific queue that should be used for each notification channel supported by the notification, you may define a viaQueues method on your notification. This method should return an array of channel name / queue name pairs:
/**
 * Determine which queues should be used for each notification channel.
 *
 * @return array<string, string>
 */
public function viaQueues(): array
{
 return [
 'mail' => 'mail-queue',
 'slack' => 'slack-queue',
 ];
}
Queued Notifications & Database Transactions
When queued notifications are dispatched within database transactions, they may be processed by the queue before the database transaction has committed. When this happens, any updates you have made to models or database records during the database transaction may not yet be reflected in the database. In addition, any models or database records created within the transaction may not exist in the database. If your notification depends on these models, unexpected errors can occur when the job that sends the queued notification is processed.
If your queue connection's after_commit configuration option is set to false, you may still indicate that a particular queued notification should be dispatched after all open database transactions have been committed by calling the afterCommit method when sending the notification:
use App\Notifications\InvoicePaid;
$user->notify((new InvoicePaid($invoice))->afterCommit());
Alternatively, you may call the afterCommit method from your notification's constructor:
<?php
namespace App\Notifications;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notification;
class Invo


Platform: Windows 6.x (Vista-7) [Steam]
1 Player
Developer: Starbreeze Studios AB
Publisher: 505 Games
Genre: Adventure, Action
Released: 03/09/2013
Country of Origin: Sweden
Brothers is a single-player cooperative game where the player controls two brothers independently and simultaneously. The game starts in a village where the two young brothers live. Their mother drowned in the sea and their father is ailing. The two set out to find the Water of Life, which is said to hold the power to cure their father. Both brothers are controlled separately for movement and actions. The game strings together various scenes where the brothers must solve puzzles by helping each other, for instance by pulling levers, dragging items, distracting dangerous characters or operating a catapult. Not by controlling them separately, but often both at the same time. Next to movement they can also climb, hang from ledges and slide down. There are a few enemies along the way, but these cannot be fought directly. Instead, a more inventive approach needs to be found.
The game focuses on exploration and especially environment-based puzzle-solving to progress. The game is shown with a third-person view, often shown from a distance or above, and with a fixed camera. The level design is linear with a single path to progress. It also contains various sequences not related to the main quest where the brothers have fun together, to establish the atmosphere. The environment has a fantasy-like atmosphere with different locales such as villages, mountains, a sequence where they travel by boat over a river, a frozen landscape etc.
Included Media: None
Rating: Teen
Added: 2013-12-21
Region: Universal
Resolutions: Any
Hardware Support: XInput Joystick
Save Method: System
Play Status/History
Progress: Fully Completed
Queue: Not Interested