text:
WALES ASSOCIATION Graduates & Students have heard how innovative engineering transformed the previously derelict Cardiff Bay oval basin into a major public space.
The basin, the entrance pool to Cardiff's first dock, was constructed in 1839. It is now the focus of the Cardiff Bay regeneration scheme, made famous by the Cardiff Bay Barrage (NCE 30 March 2000).
The £4.5M scheme stands as a reminder of Cardiff's great maritime heritage and, according to Arup's Francis Joseph, 'serves as a symbol of the role that civil engineering played in the industrialisation of Britain'.
Joseph told the meeting that stability problems with the original listed masonry dock walls were the major challenge for the Arup/Mowlem Management project team during construction. These were 11m high gravity structures, founded on a timber raft supported by a combination of timber sheet and driven piles.
However, Arup uncovered evidence of failure in the walls just two years after their construction. A report written at the time pointed to bad design and construction which led to almost immediate movement of the masonry wall and failure of the piles at the wall's toe.
Various ideas were considered to overcome the problem, but options such as underpinning or ground anchors were rejected on technical, land ownership and financial grounds, Joseph explained.
The adopted solution involved construction of a reinforced concrete slab to prop the walls. The slab is continuous through the neck of the basin out to the entrance and fans out to form the surface for a boardwalk.


the Caribbean Court of Justice.
Armed forces
Belizean Coast Guard working with the United States Navy. Belize's open water ways and long Barrier Reef make it susceptible to drug traffickers
The Belize Defence Force (BDF) is the military and is responsible for protecting the sovereignty of Belize. The BDF, with the Belize National Coast Guard and the Immigration Department, is a department of the Ministry of Defence and Immigration, which is currently headed by John Saldivar; the BDF itself is commanded by Brigadier General Dario Tapia. In 1997, the regular army numbered over 900, the reserve army 381, the air wing 45 and the maritime wing 36, amounting to an overall strength of approximately 1400.[27] In 2005, the maritime wing became part of the Belizean Coast Guard.[28] In 2012, the Belizean government spent about $17 million on the military, constituting 1.08% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP).[29]
Foreign relations
The majority of violence in Belize stems from gang violence, which includes trafficking of drugs and persons, drug smuggling routes, and sales rights.[31] Even so, violence in Belize is relatively less significant compared to some of the other Central American countries (Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala).[32]
From 2006 to 2007, serious crime reports (defined as murder, rape, theft, burglary, etc.) decreased from 3,853 to 3,172, a decrease of 681 reports.[31] But still, in 2007, 97 murders were reported while in 2006, 92 murders were reported. Belize City is responsible for having a large percentage of the murders: 39 murders in 2007 and 35 in 2006.[31] In 2011, 125 murders were recorded in Belize, giving the country a capital homicide rate of 39 murders per 100,000 inhabitants, the sixth highest in the world.[32] Compared to the other districts in Belize, Belize District (containing Belize City, specifically the southern area of Belize City) had the most murders by far compared to all the other districts. In 2007, 54% of the murders occurred in Belize District.[31] This increase in violence in the south of Belize City is largely due to gang warfare.
The detection rate of murders decreased from 2006 to 2007, with a 64% detection rate in 2006 and a 63% detection rate in 2007. Seventy-six people were arrested and charged with murder in 2006, and 82 people were arrested and charged in 2007.[31] Aside from the high number of murders, there are also rape cases (38 reported in 2007), robberies (507 reported in 2007), and burglaries (1244 cases in 2007).[31] In 2007, the Belize police seized 130 firearms, 507 kilos of cannabis and 32 kilos of cocaine, and disposed off over twenty-three thousand mature marijuana plants.[31] There are many possible explanations for the multitude of murders, including robberies, disputes (drug related and domestic), misunderstandings, and the leading cause: altercations.[31]
The Belize Police Department has implemented many protective measures in hopes of decreasing the high number of crimes. These measures include adding more patrols to "hot spots" in the city, obtaining more resources to deal with the predicament, creating the "Do the Right Thing for Youths at Risk" program, creating the Crime Information Hot line, creating the Yabra Citizen Development Committee, an organization that helps the youth, and many other initiatives. The Belize Police Department began an Anti-Crime Christmas campaign targeting criminals; as a result, the crime rates dropped in that month.[31] In 2011, the government established a truce between many major gangs, lowering the murder rate.[32]
Districts and constituencies
Districts of Belize
District Name Capital City Estimated Population
Belize District Belize City 89,247
Cayo District San Ignacio 73,202
Orange Walk District Orange Walk Town 45,419
Corozal District Corozal Town 40,324
Stann Creek District Dangriga 32,166
Toledo District Punta Gorda 30,538
These districts are further divided into 31 constituencies.
Belize Topography
Belize is on the Caribbean coast of northern Central America. It shares a border on the north with the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, on the west with the Guatemalan department of Petén, and on the south with the Guatemalan department of Izabal. To the east in the Caribbean Sea, the second-longest barrier reef in the world flanks much of the Template:Convert of predominantly marshy coastline.[35] The area of the country totals Template:Convert, an area slightly larger than El Salvador, Israel, Massachusetts or Wales. The abundance of lagoons along the coasts and in the northern interior reduces the actual land area to Template:Convert.
Belize is shaped like a rectangle that extends about Template:Convert north-south and about Template:Convert east-west, with a total land boundary length of Template:Convert. The undulating courses of two rivers, the Hondo and the Sarstoon River, define much of the course of the country's northern and southern boundaries. The western border follows no natural features and runs north-south through lowland forest and highland plateau.
Belize's rugged geography has also made the country's coastline and jungle attractive to drug smugglers, who use the country as a gateway into Mexico.[37] In 2011, the United States added Belize to the list of nations considered major drug producers or transit countries for narcotics.[38]
Environment preservation and biodiversity
{{_TAG_:see also|seealso}} {{_TAG_:main|main}}
Belize is a country with a rich variety of wildlife, because of its unique position between both North and South America, and a wide range of climates and habitats for plant and animal life.[39] Belize's low human population, and approximately Template:Convert of undistributed land, provides an ideal home for more than 5000 species of plants, and hundreds of species of animals – including armadillos, snakes, and monkeys.[40][41]
The Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary is a nature reserve in south-central Belize established to protect the forests, fauna and watersheds of an approximately 400 square kilometre area of the eastern slopes of the Maya Mountains. The reserve was founded in 1990 as the first wilderness sanctuary for the jaguar and is regarded by one author as the premier site for jaguar preservation in the world.[34]
Vegetation and flora
While over 60% of Belize's land surface is covered by forest,[42] recent studies indicate that some 20% of the country's land is covered by cultivated land (agriculture) and human settlements.[43] Savannah, scrubland and wetland constitute the remainder of Belize's land cover. Important mangrove ecosystems are also represented across Belize's landscape.[44][45] As a part of the globally significant Mesoamerican Biological Corridor that stretches from southern Mexico to Panama, Belize's biodiversity – both marine and terrestrial – is rich, with abundant flora and fauna.
Belize is also a leader in protecting biodiversity and natural resources. Recent (July 2010) information[46] from the Association of Protected Areas Management Organizations of Belize (APAMO) indicates that some 36% of Belize's land territory falls under some form of official protected status, giving Belize one of the most extensive systems of terrestrial protected areas in the Americas.
Nearby Costa Rica, by contrast, only has 25.8% of its land territory protected.[47] Some 13% of Belize's territorial waters – home to the Belize Barrier Reef System – are also protected. The Belize Barrier Reef System both constitutes a UNESCO-recognised World Heritage Site and the second largest barrier reef in the world, second only to Australia's Great Barrier Reef.
A remote sensing study conducted by the Water Center for the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean (CATHALAC) and NASA, in collaboration with the Forest Department and the Land Information Centre (LIC) of the Government of Belize's Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment (MNRE), and published in August 2010 revealed that Belize's forest cover in early 2010 was approximately 62.7%, down from 75.9% in late 1980.[42] A similar study[48] by Belize Tropical Forest Studies and Conservation International revealed similar trends in terms of Belize's forest cover. Both studies indicate that each year, 0.6% of Belize's forest cover is lost, translating to the clearing of an average of Template:Convert each year. The USAID-supported ERVIR study by CATHALAC, NASA, and the MNRE also showed that Belize's protected areas have been extremely effective in protecting the country's forests. While only some 6.4% of forests inside of legally declared protected areas were cleared between 1980 and 2010, over a quarter of forests outside of protected areas were lost between 1980 and 2010.
As a country with a relatively high forest cover and a low deforestation rate, Belize has significant potential for participation in initiatives such as REDD. Significantly, the SERVIR study on Belize's deforestation[42] was also recognised by the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), of which Belize is a member nation.[49]
Geology, mineral potential, and energy


Builds message validators for ssb based on JSON-schema. Specifically designed for handling multiple different versions of a schema for a particular message type (e.g. when you add new requirements, or change the encoding of a particular field and publish a new version of the schema)
NOTE - this requires schemas which have both type and version fields.
Example Usage
Here's an example message that could validate as truthy...
 type:'reply',
 version: '1.0.0'
We inject all the relevant schemas into the validator. Any message passed will be validated based on the type and the version as determined by your schema.
var Validator = require('ssb-schema-validation')
var replySchemas = [
var isReply = Validator(replySchemas)
// => true / false
// => some errors
For a live example see e.g. ssb-dark-crystal-schema
Validator(schemas) => fn
Takes argument
 - schemas - an array of JSON-schema. These schemas must require messages to have type and version fields
Returns a function validator based on those schemas.
validator(msg, opts) => Bool
Takes arguments:
 - msg - a full ssb message, or the content field of such a message. Supporting both means you can use this validator to easily validate content either before writing to the database, or for reading from the database.
 - opts (optional) - an object of form { attachErrors: Boolean }, settings attachErrors: true mutates the original message by attaching any errors found during in validation. This option is false by default i.e. disabled.
Returns a Boolean: true/ false
Note - if the validator returns false, then details about why the message didn't pass validation can be found under validator.errors. This is reset after each message is passed in.
results matching ""
 No results matching ""


text:
- Study measured seven different drivers during their normal weekly driving, doing over 2,000km between them
- Even in the case of long distance commuters the cars were in zero emissions mode (ZEV) for over 50% of the time and for over 30% of the distance covered
- For city centre commuting over 75% of the time and over 50% of the distance was in ZEV mode
- The three drivers with the longest commutes had the best fuel economy, averaging almost 60 mpg.
A new study carried out by University College Dublin (UCD) academics, which was published today, has revealed that in typical Irish commuting conditions, Toyota's hybrid powertrain system drives in zero emissions mode (ZEV) for significantly more than half (62%) of the time and over 40% of the distance covered.
Those were the key findings of a study carried out by four UCD academics and commissioned by Toyota Ireland through ConsultUCD, the University's managed consultancy service. The study entitled "Energy Behaviour of Toyota Prius Hybrid Vehicles in Sample Irish Commuting Conditions" was authored by Professors Robert Shorten and Giovanni Russo, UCD School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Professor Franceso Pilla, UCD School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Planning and Professor David Timoney, UCD School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering.
Zero emissions mode describes the time the internal combustion engine is not running and the vehicle is therefore emitting no pollutants. The longer the car is in ZEV mode the more significant the air quality benefits for other road users
The study tracked seven drivers who commuted to UCD, Belfield from Drogheda, Wicklow, Aughrim, Smithfield, Blackrock and Dundrum (2), over a full week each during last November, combined with normal additional family driving. Conclusions are based on the analysis of the more than 2,000 kilometres of driving across motorways, rural roads and city driving that resulted.
The routes reflect typical Irish commuting conditions. The researchers measured the time the cars spent in zero emissions mode versus internal combustion mode. No restrictions or driving guidelines were given to the drivers.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The purpose of this research was to study the limnological status of Cilala reservoir, based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The observation comprised some morphometric of surface and vertical dimension, water quality measurements, plankton community structure, and primary productivity. Based on some morphometric condition, Cilala reservoir has a high potention of biological productivity, but the area of lake begins narrowing. The physical and chemical characteristic showed that Cilala reservoir was still in good condition. The condition of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) at inlet and the water debit of outlet showed that the waters has a relatively high potention of sedimentation that lead to a shallowing condition. There were found 95 genus of phytoplankton from seven classes (Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Pyrrophyceae, and Xanthophyceae). It was also found four major groups of zooplankton, i.e. Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera, and Protozoa. Although the primary productivity was relatively low, based on orthophosphate, chlorophyll-a, and Nygaard Index, the water was in mesotrophic-eutrophic status. As a whole, Cilala reservoir was still appropriate for fisheries activities.
Copyrights © 2007


text: Manavgat River flows into the Mediterranean sea at southern coasts of Turkey. The river mouth being unstable shoals and shifts seasonally, preventing continuous navigation of boats and yachts through the entrance channel of river mouth. To stabilize the river mouth some alternative structures are studied and jetty type structure is chosen as the protection structure. The shoreline change of the Manavgat River mouth with and without protection structure is studied by using one line model for shoreline evolution. Two different sets of wave data (as seasonal or yearly averages) are used as the inputs of the model. The effects of different wave data sets on the shoreline changes are compared and discussed.


text:
What happens to water under high pressures without possibility of escape?
It depends on what you mean for high pressure and on the temperature, however water phase diagram can help you to understand what will happen. This is from wikipedia User Cmglee:
You can see that at high pressure water assumes a solid form (ice): you will have ice X at 100 GPa and ice XI at 1 TPa (temperature range 0° to 650 °K) these sort of ices have different lattice and internal energies.
What would happen to water as pressures increase towards infinity without possibility of the water escaping confinement?
Unfortunately chemists don't deal with infinity, basically however there will be a point where the water molecule wont longer exist all the bonds will brake. After that probably you will have something called electron-degenerate matter have a look here, here is all about quantum mechanics, Pauli exclusion principle and black holes so on more Physic S.E. stuff.
Could triple points in water play a role in keeping temperatures low under high pressures via fluid thermodynamics?
You can also note that there are others triple points like (100 k, 62GPa) this however don't directly affect the properties of water but are the properties of water that determine where are the triple points. In a close system kinetic energy is constant so I think that fluid thermodynamics doesn't matter in this case is more related to equilibria.
More info about water phase diagrams here.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Stepping Stone Theory
According to the stepping stone theory, the use of one substance or drug increases the probability of consuming another, possibly more harmful, drug later and that the probability increases with frequency of use. It predicts that people who use one substance such as nicotine will probably go on to drink alcoholic beverages, smoke marijuana, and progress on to use hard drugs such as cocaine. Each step is seen as leading to the next step in substance use.
The basis for the stepping stone theory is the common finding that hard drug users have usually started with substances such as tobacco and alcohol. However, the vast majority of smokers or alcohol consumers fail to progress on to hard drugs. It could be argued that milk or chocolate are stepping stones toward hard drug use because most drug users first consumed milk and chocolate. However, neither milk nor chocolate cause people to become hard drug users.
The stepping stone theory is really a stepping stone hypothesis, for which there is a lack of evidence that any such sequence is causal. Although it might be widely accepted by the public, it has lost credibility and support among research scientists because of the lack of evidence supporting any causality.
In spite of the lack of evidence supporting it, the stepping stone theory is the basis of much public policy regarding alcohol. Unfortunately, a policy based on a false assumption is likely to be ineffective or even counterproductive.
Resources on the Stepping Stone Theory or Hypothesis:
- Alcoholism Section, Washington (State) Division of Health. Teenage Drinking: A Stepping Stone to other Drug Usage. Olympia, WA: Alcoholism Section, Washington (State) Division of Health, 1971.
- Baumrind, D. Specious causal attributions in the social sciences: the reformulated stepping-stone theory of heroin use an as exemplar. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983, 45(6), _PHONE_.
- Bretteville, Anne, et al. Sequential patterns of drug use initiation - Can we believe in the gateway theory? OCLC Number 295516119. (Explores stepping stone theory.)
- Cohen, H. Multiple drug use considered in the light of the stepping-stone hypothesis. International Journal of the Addictions, 1972, 7(1), 27-55.
- Greene,B.T. Sequential use of drugs and alcohol: a reexamination of the stepping-stone hypothesis. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 1980, 7(1), 83-99.
- Grinspoon, Lester. Marihuana Reconsidered. Oakland, CA: Quick American Archives, 1994. (Includes chapter on stepping stone hypothesis.)
- LaChance, Laurie L. Alcohol, Drugs and Adolescents. Ann Arbor, MI: ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Personnel Services. (Examines evidence regarding stepping stone theory.)
- McEvoy, William C. Marijuana Usage and the Gateway Hypothesis: A Stepping Stone, a Causal Link to other Drugs, or Both? Thesis. Curry College, 2007.
- Marijuana. ("What's Your Poison" series). DVD video. Eight Mile Plains, Queensland: Marcom Projects, 2005. (Considers whether marijuana use is a "stepping stone" to other drugs.")
- Nace, E.P., et al. Addicted and nonaddicted drug users. A comparison of drug usage patterns. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1975, 32(1), 77-80. (" A 'stepping-stone hypothesis' of heroin addiction is refuted.")
- Salmon, R., and Salmon, S. The cause of heroin addiction -- a review of the literature, Part II. International Journal of the Addictions, 1977, 12(7), 937-951. (Reviews research literature on stepping stone theory.)
- van Ours, J.C. Is cannabis a stepping-stone for cocaine? Journal of Health Economics, 2003, 22(4), 539-554.
- Wagner, F.A., and Anthony, J.C. Into the world of illegal drug use: exposure opportunity and other mechanisms linking the use of alcohol, tobacco, marihuana, and cocaine. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2002, 155(10), 918-925. (Examines stepping-stone/gateway sequences.)
- Welte, John W., and Barnes, Grace. Alcohol: the gateway to other drug use among secondary-school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1985, 14(6), 487-498.
Fact: Steppingstone Theory is also the name of a musical band.
filed under: Abuse
Need help with an alcohol or drug problem?
Someone at the highly effective St. Jude program can help you.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
It's rare that scientists see the good in invasive species. But at Washington University's Tyson Research Center, researchers have discovered something positive about a non-native mosquito.
Tyson's 2,000 acres allow faculty, staff, and students from all over the globe to study a variety of environmental disciplines, including sustainable operations,
They discovered that the native mosquitoes were susceptible to a species-specific type of parasite that greatly impaired their development. But when the non-native species was present, it reduced the prevalence of the parasite in the native mosquitoes from 72-90% to 13-27%. This occurred through something called "encounter reduction." Simply put, the non-native species ingests the parasite before it reaches the native species.
Kim Medley, director of the Tyson Research Center and a leading expert on mosquito research, notes that studies like these can broadly inform how infectious disease manifests and changes along with changes in biodiversity. The concepts can then be applied to numerous systems, including infectious disease in humans.


Bolivian Water Crisis as Glaciers Vanish, Population Grows
GR: Many places will have to begin pumping groundwater. That's a temporary solution, however. Here in the arid western United States, we've seen what happens as the depth to water falls and the cost of pumping rises. We've also seen how toxic metals concentrate in shrinking groundwater aquifers.
One glacier on Chacaltaya mountain… has already completely disappeared.
"Bolivia's government was recently forced to declare a state of national emergency — a terrible drought, said to be the worst in at least the past 25 years, plus increasing demand in the form of population growth have left the country high and dry.
"As of now, the country is trying to drill their way out the predicament with "emergency wells." In the city of La Paz, the three main reservoirs that provide the city's water are almost dry. It is reported that five other major cities also face severe water shortages. Hospitals are working at half capacity and suspending non-emergency surgeries and dialysis. In some poor neighborhoods taps have run dry for three weeks. The Guardian has posted a photo-essay of the situation here.
"One key aspect of the trouble is that Bolivia's glaciers have dramatically shrank, and so the dams that rely on continuously capturing glacial run-off are rendered somewhat worthless at this point. Bolivia's population is expected to increase by 50% (to 15 million) by the early 2040's." —Joe Bish, Population Media Center (Read mre here: Bolivian Water Crisis as Glaciers Vanish, Population Grows)
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Agnes Scott College
Give me the origin, history of the words year, day, month, season and date?
Please, give me the answer.
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Last updated by jill d #170087
Answers 2
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year (n.)
month (n.)
O.E. monað, from P.Gmc. *menoth- (cf. O.S. manoth, O.Fris. monath, M.Du. manet, Du. maand, O.H.G. manod, Ger. Monat, O.N. manaðr, Goth. menoþs "month"), related to *menon- "moon" (see moon (n.); the month was calculated from lunar phases). Its cognates mean only "month" in the Romance languages, but in Germanic generally continue to do double duty. Phrase a month of Sundays "a very long time" is from 1832 (roughly 7 and a half months, but never used literally).
season (n.)
c.1300, "a period of the year," with reference to weather or work, from O.Fr. seison (Mod.Fr. saison) "a sowing, planting," from L. sationem (nom. satio) "a sowing," from pp. stem of serere "to sow" (see sow). Sense shifted in Vulgar Latin from "act of sowing" to "time of sowing." In Old French and Old Provençal this was extended to "season" in general (sowing season being the most important). Season ticket is attested from 1820.
season (v.)
"improve the flavor of by adding spices," c.1300, from O.Fr. assaisoner "to ripen, season," from root of season (n.) on the notion of fruit becoming more palatable as it ripens. Applied to timber by 1540s. In 16c., it also meant "to copulate with." Related: Seasoned. Seasoning (n.) is from 1570s.
date (n.3)
date (v.1)
date (n.2)
the fruit, late 13c., from O.Fr. date, from O.Prov. datil, from L. dactylus, from Gk. daktylos "date," originally "finger, toe;" so called because of fancied resemblance between oblong fruit of the date palm and human digits. Possibly from a Semitic source (cf. Heb. deqel, Aram. diqla, Arabic daqal "date palm") and assimilated to the Greek word for "finger."


text:
The theories involved are:
Allport's Psychology of the Individual Theory
Trait and Factor Theory
Please explain how dispositional theories influence interpersonal relationships and determine the strengths of both dispositional theories' influence on interpersonal relationships.
I have reviewed the problem and will provide you some explanation on the topic of dispositional theories and their relation/influence on interpersonal relationships. In specific, I will discuss Allport's Psychology of the Individual Theory and the Trait and Factor Theory. I will explain both in hopes to broaden your understanding of the terms.


text:
50th Anniversary of African-American Achievement: Request for Information
UT Knoxville is celebrating 50 years of African-American achievement in 2011. The planning committee is soliciting items or information from faculty and staff related to African-American achievement in your department or unit. For example:
- African-Americans who were the "firsts" in their positions;
- African-Americans who made a notable contribution or should be recognized for an achievement (e.g., internal awards, external recognition); or
- programs, events or initiatives that made a significant difference on the campus or made notable connections between the campus, local community and beyond. This category is not exclusive to African-Americans.
Information should be submitted not only for African-American achievement, but for or about a person of any racial/ethnic background who made an important contribution to the advancement of diversity and inclusivity on our campus.
The committee hopes to produce a commemorative publication highlighting this information. Please send information or questions to Carolyn Hodges at _EMAIL_. The submission deadline is April 1.


Jump to: navigation, search
Difference between revisions of "Platform UI Error Handling"
m (Issue to solve)
(See the error)
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=== See the error ===

=== See the error ===
When an error occurs, the developer may decide to show the error to the user. The code is opening an error dialog. Before opening the error dialog, and based on the policy, the flow can be re-routed and the error dialog may never show up like the developer intended to. There should be a hook in the code, based on policy that will express manage the behavior.
+

 +
It is very important to distinguish between expected and unexpected error.
 +
* Expected Error is when a developer expects the exception to be thrown in particular situation (network not available, resource locked by another person, invalid license etc).
 +
* Unexpected Error is an error that should not happen (internal error, NPE etc).
 +

 +
Generally expected errors should come with idea how to solve the problem, while it should be easy to report unexpected one or to get workaround.
 +

 +
When an error occurs, the developer may decide to show the error to the user. The code is opening an error dialog. However handler may ignore developer request and handle the error in different way, f.e. log it. Before opening the error dialog, and based on the policy, the flow can be re-routed and the error dialog may never show up like the developer intended to. There should be a hook in the code, based on policy that will express manage the behavior.

=== What does it mean to me the user? ===

=== What does it mean to me the user? ===
Revision as of 03:39, 7 July 2008
This proposal is for error messages only. It does not include Log, trace or Application Life Cycle linked to errors in a software application. Yet, this proposal should fit very nicely in above mentioned features.
Use cases
We will use 4 different customers to ensure the proposal is scalable
 - BigCompany is using Eclipse 3.3. They decide to buy different features from different companies. They want an AJAX feature from company AjaxWorldCom and they decide on a database tooling feature from SQLForever Company. All user will have the same desktop feature and all call should be routed to the BigCompany's help desk. Users do not have access to the web.
 - TaxInc develops an Tax Solution software. It has RCP clients and a server. TaxRUS bought the tax solution. They installed a server internally and deployed the RCP client to 250 employees around the world. The employees are not developers. They just use the RCP application to do Tax related tasks. They have an internal help desk.
 - BigSoftware develops a set of Eclipse feature for a product named: J2EE development 13.0. User can buy the product off the shelf or order a large amount of products and install them in their enterprise. BigSoftware has a huge support center. BigSoftware also ships 3rd party features it supports in its tooling.
 - John is a Java Perl developer. He downloaded Eclipse 3.3 and a Perl feature from the open source web site.
Issue to solve
This is the main issue to solve for the 4 customers
When an error occurs in the tooling (Error message, error dialog, error in the console view, error in the log view, error in the job dialog or any other error), Eclipse needs to provide a way for the users to:
 - see what the error is
 - understand what it means to the them
 - how can they act on the error.
The behavior for each is based on policies.
 - The feature who threw the error should have a chance to handle the error and help the customer.
 - The feature should have an idea about what the error handler wants it to do.
 - i.e. when there is an error opening a view should we show the error view or not
 - also do we prompt when the workbench layout cannot be reset?
 - The product/branding that is installed can override all feature's behavior it ships and manage or delegate to them as appropriate.
See the error
It is very important to distinguish between expected and unexpected error.
 - Expected Error is when a developer expects the exception to be thrown in particular situation (network not available, resource locked by another person, invalid license etc).
 - Unexpected Error is an error that should not happen (internal error, NPE etc).
Generally expected errors should come with idea how to solve the problem, while it should be easy to report unexpected one or to get workaround.
When an error occurs, the developer may decide to show the error to the user. The code is opening an error dialog. However handler may ignore developer request and handle the error in different way, f.e. log it. Before opening the error dialog, and based on the policy, the flow can be re-routed and the error dialog may never show up like the developer intended to. There should be a hook in the code, based on policy that will express manage the behavior.
What does it mean to me the user?
Most users are not interested in the 'stack trace' of the error. When a user sees an error or actively double clicks on an error we ought to see the information on how to solve the error (without technological background). This presumes the feature or the product or the company provided the data the user can understand and that the associated policy allows such data to be shown.
What can I do next?
Based on the policy, it is the responsibility of the feature provider (component provider), the product provider or the company to decide what the 'what to do next' action will do. Eclipse could still provide a 'show log' button that policy provider can extend (this is a nice to have…)
Status manager & Status handlers
Status manager
StatusManager is the entry point for all statuses to be reported in the user interface. Handlers are not intended to be used directly. They should be referenced via the StatusManager which selects the handler corresponding to the product to apply. Right now it is impossible to have more than one handler per product because of scalability issues.
The following methods are the API entry points to the StatusManager
StatusManager#handle(IStatus)
StatusManager#handle(IStatus, int)
StatusManager#handle(StatusAdapter)
StatusManager#handle(StatusAdapter, int)
The StatusManager singleton is accessed using
StatusManager.getManager()
The int parameter are for supplying style for handling. See Acceptable styles.
NOTE! the style is a suggestion and may not be honoured by the current handler. For instance a handler may choose to not show the user anything when the SHOW flag is sent. See Status handlers for more details.
The StatusManager gets it's list of handlers from the extension point org.eclipse.ui.statusHandlers. Should none of those handlers process the status it will fall through to the default handler (the the SDk this is WorkbenchAdvisor#getWorkbenchErrorHandler()). If a handler is associated with a product, it is used instead of this defined in advisor.
Styles
Below is a list of StatusManager styles which can be combined with logical OR.
 - NONE - a style indicating that the status should not be acted on. This is used by objects such as log listeners that do not want to report a status twice
 - LOG - a style indicating that the status should be logged only
 - SHOW - a style indicating that handlers should show a problem to an user without blocking the calling method while awaiting user response. This is generally done using a non modal dialog
 - BLOCK - a style indicating that the handling should block the calling method until the user has responded. This is generally done using a modal window such as a dialog
Status handlers
Status handlers are part of the status handling facility. The handlers are responsible for presenting statuses by logging or showing appropriate feedback to the user (generally dialogs). All status handlers extend org.eclipse.ui.statushandlers.AbstractStatusHandler which requires each handler to implement handle(StatusAdapter status, int style). This method handles statuses based on a handling style. The style indicates how status handler should handle a status. See Acceptable styles.
There are two ways for adding handlers to the handling flow.
 - using extension point org.eclipse.ui.statusHandlers
 - by the workbench advisor and its method {@link WorkbenchAdvisor#getWorkbenchErrorHandler()}.
If a handler is associated with a product, it is used instead of this defined in advisor.
A status handler has the id and a set of parameters. The handler can use them during handling. If the handler is added as an extension, both are set during initialization of the handler using elements and attributes of statusHandler element.
WARNING! We have to take the extra action when something has to be logged using the default logging mechanism, because the facility is hooked into it. See Hooking the facility into Platform. For this special case the status manager provides API.
 StatusManager#addLoggedStatus(IStatus status)
And below is the example of addLoggedStatus(IStatus status) proper usage.
 public void handle(final StatusAdapter statusAdapter, int style) {

 ...
 if ((style & StatusManager.LOG) == StatusManager.LOG) {
 Status


@TECHREPORT{R-95-04, PSURL = {/publications/cgi-bin/tr-fetch.pl?r-95-04+ps}, NUMBER = {R-95-04}, INSTITUTION = ida, ADDRESS = idaaddr, YEAR = {1995}, AUTHOR = {S{\"o}derman, Ulf and Str{\"o}mberg, Jan-Erik and Top, Jan}, TITLE = {Mode Invariant Modelling}, ABSTRACTURL = {/publications/cgi-bin/tr-fetch.pl?r-95-04+abstr}, ABSTRACT = {Modelling of physical systems is a difficult task, in particular if mode switching is allowed. Automated support can be supplied, if two conditions are fulfilled. First, a set of suitable {\em qualitative} concepts has to be availiable as a tool box for constructing adequate models. Second, powerful computational machinery must handle model complexity. In this paper we introduce both a conceptual basis and a computational algorithm for dealing with mode switching physical systems. Our approach is more effective than current AI-based methods since it is based on general physical principles at the proper level of abstraction, expressed in terms of bond graphs. The latter formalism is extended in order to deal with mode switching. All meaningful causal modes and transitions between modes are derived automatically. A power electronic circuit serves a guiding example.}


text:
- Historic Sites
Constructed between 1732 and 1756 as the State House of the Province of Pennsylvania, it is considered a fine example of Georgian architecture. From 1775 to 1783 (except for the winter of 1777 - 1778 when Philadelphia was occupied by the British Army) this was the meeting place for the Second Continental Congress. It was in the Assembly Room of this building that George Washington was appointed commander in chief of the Continental Army in 1775 and the Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776. In the same room the design of the American flag was agreed upon in 1777, the Articles of Confederation were adopted in 1781, and the U. S. Constitution was drafted in 1787. The building, inside and out, has been restored whenever possible to its original late-18th century appearance. Most of the furnishing are period pieces. The "rising sun" chair used by George Washington as he presided over the Constitutional Convention is original.


Uploaded image for project: 'Hadoop Common'
 1. Hadoop Common
 2. HADOOP-13204 Über-jira: S3a phase III: scale and tuning
 3. HADOOP-13654
S3A create() to support asynchronous check of dest & parent paths
 XMLWordPrintableJSON
Details
 - Sub-task
 - Status: Resolved
 - Major
 - Resolution: Won't Fix
 - 2.7.3
 - None
 - fs/s3
 - None
 Description
 One source of delays in S3A is the need to check if a destination path exists in create; this makes sure the operation isn't trying to overwrite a directory.
 #. This is slow, 1-4 HTTPS requests
 1. The code doesn't seem to check the entire parent path to make sure there isn't a file as a parent (which raises the question: shouldn't we have a contract test for this?)
 2. Even with the create overwrite=false check, the fact that the new object isn't created until the output stream is close()'d, means that the check has race conditions.
 Instead of doing a synchronous check in create(), we could do an asynchronous check of the parent directory tree. If any error surfaced, this could be cached and then thrown on the next call to: write(), flush() or close(); that is, the failure of a create due to path problems would not surface immediately on the create() call, but before any writes were committed.
 The full directory tree can/should be checked, and is results remembered. This would allow for the post-commit cleanup to issue delete() requests purely for those paths (if any) which referred to directories.
 As well as the need to use the AWS thread pool, there's a bit of complexity with cancelling multipart uploads: the output stream needs to know that the request failed, and that the multipart should be aborted.
 If the complexity of the asynchronous calls can be coped with, and client code happy to accept errors in the any IO call to the output stream, then the initial overhead at file creation could be skipped.
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Low Labour Productivity And Unpaid Care Work
Date Published:
June, 2018
Document Author(s):
Thematic Area:
Care work is what individuals do every day when they spend time cooking, cleaning and caring for children, the ill, the disabled and the elderly, and maintaining a household. The total of all care work, paid and unpaid, comprises the care economy. The care economy is a relatively new but highly significant concept in thinking about the labour market, productivity and economic growth. Whereas paid care work is considered a service, and is counted as productive work and in national output, unpaid care work is not valued, counted or considered in national statistics or policy agendas.


which transforms a vector in $\Vcal$ to a vector in $\Wcal$. Then $\squarebrack{T^\top}_{\gamma^{*}}^{\beta^{*}}=A^\top$.

The matrix of $\squarebrack{T^\top}_{\gamma^{*}}^{\beta^{*}}$ takes in an element of $\Wcal^{*}$ represented in its basis $\gamma^{*}$, and outputs an element in $\Vcal^{*}$ represented in its basis $\beta^{*}$. Therefore, it is sufficient to represent every element in $\curly{T^\top(g_j)}_{j=1}^m$ in the basis $\beta^{*}$ of $\Vcal^{*}$. Since any vector $f$ in $\Vcal^{*}$ can be expressed as a linear combination of the basis vectors $\beta^{*}$ as we proved earlier, we have

 $$ \begin{align} T^\top(g_j) &= \sumi{1}{n}T^\top(g_j)(v_i)f_i\\ &= \sumi{1}{n}g_j(T(v_i))f_i \end{align} $$

Therefore, the $(i,j)$-th element of the matrix $\squarebrack{T^\top}_{\gamma^{*}}^{\beta^{*}}$ is $g_j(T(v_i))$. Now, the elements of the matrix $\squarebrack{T}_{\beta}^{\gamma}$ are the representations of the basis vectors $\beta$ of $\Vcal$, in the basis vectors $\gamma$ of $\Wcal$. Therefore we have,

 $$ \begin{align} T(v_i) &= \sumk{1}{m}A_{ki}w_k\\ \implies g_j(T(v_i)) &= g_j\round{\sumk{1}{m}A_{ki}w_k}\\ &= \sumk{1}{m}A_{ki}g_j(w_k)\qquad(\because g \text{ is a linear functional})\\ &= A_{ji}\qquad(\because g_j(w_k)=\delta_{jk}) \end{align} $$

Which finally gives us

 $$ \begin{align} T^\top(g_j) &= \sumi{1}{n}A_{ji}f_i \end{align} $$

and shows us that the $(i,j)$-th element of the matrix $\squarebrack{T^\top}_{\gamma^{*}}^{\beta^{*}}$ is nothing but the $(j,i)$-th element of $A$, which implies that the matrix $\squarebrack{T^\top}_{\gamma^{*}}^{\beta^{*}} = A^\top$.

Double Dual

If $\Vcal$ is a vector space, then its dual space $\Vcal^{*}$ is also a vector space. We can again define the set of all linear transformations from $\Vcal^{*}$ to $\Field$ as its dual space $\Vcal^{**} = \mathscr{L}(\Vcal^{*},\Field)$, which makes it the double dual space of $\Vcal$. Unlike $\Vcal^{*}$ where we needed to define basis, there is an elegant way to go from $\Vcal$ to $\Vcal^{**}$ via an injective map $\Psi$. If $x\in\Vcal$, and $\hat{x} = \Psi(x)\in\Vcal^{**}$ acts on a linear functional $f\in\Vcal^{*}$ and evaluates $f$ at $x$ returning an element in the field $\Field$, i.e.,

 $$ \begin{align} f & \xrightarrow{\hat{x}\in\Vcal^{**}} & f(x)\\ \Vcal^* & \xrightarrow{\hat{x}\in\Vcal^{**}} & \Field \end{align} $$

Theorem - If $\Vcal$ is a vector space of finite dimension, then $\Psi : \Vcal\to\Vcal^{**}$ is an isomorphism. First, we show that $\Psi$ is linear. If $x,y\in\Vcal$, $f\in\Vcal^{*}$, and $c\in\Field$, then

 $$ \begin{align} \Psi(x+cy)(f) &= f(x+cy)\\ &= f(x)+cf(y)\\ &= (\Psi(x) + c\Psi(y))(f) \end{align} $$

Next, we show that $\Psi$ is one to one. Suppose $\hat{x} = 0$, the zero functional, then $x = 0$. Let $\beta = \curly{v_i}_{i=1}^n$, then $x = \sumi{1}{n}a_iv_i$ for some $\curly{a_i\in\Field}$. Therefore, if $\Psi(x) = \hat{x}=0$, then

 $$ \begin{align} \Psi(x) &= \Psi\round{\sumi{1}{n}a_iv_i}\\ &= \sumi{1}{n}a_i\Psi(v_i)\\ \implies \Psi(x)(f) &= \sumi{1}{n}a_i\Psi(v_i)(f)\qquad \forall\ f \in\Vcal^*\\ &= \sumi{1}{n}a_if(v_i) \end{align} $$

For $f\in\curly{f_i}_{i=1}^n$, we get $a_i = 0\ \forall\ i \in\squarebrack{n}$. This implies that $x = \sumi{1}{n}a_iv_i = 0$. Since $\mathrm{dim}(\Vcal) = \mathrm{dim}(\Vcal^{**})$, we have that $\Psi$ is one to one and therefore an isomorphism. The isomorphism between $\Vcal$ and $\Vcal^{**}$, $\Psi$, allows us to map each element in $\Vcal$ to a unique element in $\Vcal^{**}$.

The infinite sequence of dual spaces

We can continue thinking about the dual of the parent space and there always will exist an isomorphism between alternate dual spaces. Formally, Let us denote $\Vcal^{(i+1)*} = \round{\Vcal^{(i)*}}^{*}$ for all $i\in\Natural$ where $\Vcal^{(0)*} = \Vcal$ is a finite dimensional vector space. Let $\Psi_i$ be the isomorphism between $\Vcal^{(i-1)*}$ and $\Vcal^{(i+1)*}$


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'Isabella', John Everett Millais, 1848-49
Oil on canvas, 103 x 142.8cm
Accession Number WAG1637
'Isabella' was one of the first paintings made in the new Pre-Raphaelite style. It was begun shortly after the founding of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848, when Millais was only 19.
The harshly brilliant colour combined with sharp detail, deliberately unbalanced composition and self-consciously angularity and flatness were all controversial features of Pre-Raphaelitism. The movement was loosely inspired by painting methods from early Italian painting, from the time before Raphael.
The subject was taken from a poem by John Keats, itself based on a story by the 14th century Italian writer Boccaccio. It tells of the love between Isabella, the sister of wealthy Florentine merchants, and their poor, low-born apprentice Lorenzo. The jealous brothers murder Lorenzo, but his body is found by Isabella. She cut off the head and buried it in a pot of basil which she watered with her tears.
The ending is hinted at in this painting by the pot of herbs in the background. There are also many other signs of the coming violence and tragedy. One of the brothers is angrily cracking nuts. He also aims a kick at Isabella's dog, whilst his own sleeps beneath his chair. Dogs are often used as symbols of loyalty and fidelity in paintings. The lovers are sharing a blood orange, signifying the later spilling of Lorenzo's blood.
The highly individualised faces include a portrait of Millais' friend and fellow Pre-Raphaelite Brother Rossetti (rear centre), drinking from a wineglass.
An extended study of 'Isabella' is also available online as part of our Artwork of the Month series. Download 'Isabella' as desktop wallpaper.


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- Dip a cotton pad in mineral oil, massage oil, or olive oil. Warmer oil works better than cold oil.
- Hold the soaked pad on the wax residue until it's saturated — about two minutes.
- Wipe off the wax residue with a clean cotton pad.
Frequent question, how do you remove wax strip residue?
- Remove Wax With Hot Water Compress. Soak a washcloth in hot (or warm) water and place it on the leftover wax.
- Remove wax With Oil.
- Remove Wax With Petroleum Jelly.
- Use Alcohol For Removing Wax.
- Remove Wax Safely With Ice.
- Remove wax With Soap And Water.
In this regard, how do you remove Sally Hansen wax residue? Use fresh, new strips the next time you need to remove unwanted hair. After hair removal, apply a small amount of Azulene Finishing Oil to treated area with a cotton ball or tissue to wipe away any wax residue and to help remoisturize skin.
Also the question is, what solvent will dissolve wax? "Since candle wax is an oil-based stain, you will need a solvent that dissolves oil," explains Miller. "There are a number of solvents that can do the trick, but only a few are lying around your house. The most typical are acetone (found in nail polish remover) and isopropyl alcohol (used in rubbing alcohol)."
Considering this, what should you not do when waxing?
- Avoid bathing or (too) hot showers.
- Avoid direct sunlight or sunbathing (or artificial tanning).
- Avoid saunas or steam baths.
- Don't swim.
- Don't wear tight or non-breathing clothes to avoid infection: waxed skin needs air.
- Avoid perfumed products on the waxed skin.
- Pour some of your preferred cleaner, such as an oil, into the container and allow the wax to dissolve.
- Use a scraper or spatula to carefully remove any remaining wax.
- Once all the wax has dissolved, use a paper towel to wipe the inside of the wax pot to remove any leftover residue.
How do you get hair removal wax out of fabric?
All you need to do is place the bag of ice on the wax stain and leave it for around ten minutes. Once this is done, you can peel the wax off and then wash the clothing as usual. Rubbing Alcohol. Apply this to the stain and then gently dab it in with a cloth.
How do you remove hard wax from pubic hair?
Wash the bikini area gently with warm water and a clean washcloth to remove as much leftover wax as possible. Scrub gently to avoid irritating the freshly-waxed skin. Saturate a cotton ball with baby oil or mineral oil. Wipe the skin with the oil-soaked cotton ball to remove the remaining wax.
Does vinegar dissolve wax?
Cleaning waxed surfaces – vinegar dissolves the wax, and should not be used to clean waxed furniture. However, vinegar is a reliable option for removing an old coat of wax from a surface. To clean waxed surfaces, a wax cleaning solvent should be used instead.
Does isopropyl alcohol dissolve wax?
Regular old-fashioned rubbing alcohol is incredibly cheap (try $2 a bottle), can be found at your local grocery store, and is perfect for removing car wax! All you need to do is spray a diluted mixture on the car's body panels, let it sit for a minute, and then wipe it off.
Does acetone dissolve wax?
Saturate the spilled wax with acetone. … Allow the acetone to sit on the surface for five minutes to soften the wax. Remove loosened wax with a flat-edged scraper or scrub brush. If it will not harm the surface, scrubbing with #0000 steel wool or fine-grit sandpaper can also help to remove loosened wax.
How many times do you have to wax before hair stops growing?
Once you start waxing, the best way to get closer to a permanent result is to continue waxing every 3-6 weeks. If there's a special event that calls for waxing out of your schedule, you and your esthetician can make slight changes to rework your entire wax regime without disrupting your hair's growth cycle too badly.
What to put on VAG after waxing?
Try using a Soothing Cream, like the Kushae Feminine Soothing Cream to calm irritation after waxing (even laser treatment) and soothe your freshly smoothed skin. Be sure to also use an all natural feminine wash after your bikini wax, too, like the Kushae Gentle 2n1 Foaming Wash.
Do you tip a waxer?
While most people tip between 10 to 20 percent for a wax, staff would really like you to tip anywhere from 15 to 25 percent for a job well done, Grochowska said. For a quick brow wax (that may be priced at $10 or less), a couple of dollars for tip is fair and appropriate.
How many times can you reuse wax melts?
How many times can you reuse wax melts? According to Happy Wax, two or three wax melts provide about 8 hours of fragrance. Different brands have different burn times, but most fall within the 6-8 hours range. Many people find they can reuse the same wax melts several times before the scent slowly disappears.
How do you remove old wax melts?
Can I reuse hard wax strips?
Never. Never. Hard wax is the only kind of wax that salons can re-use. … They melt the wax, strain out the hair, let the wax harden again and then melt it for re-use.


Archbishop denounces damage done to Buenos Aires Cathedral by homosexual radicals
.- Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, issued a statement this week denouncing the damage done to the Archdiocesan Cathedral by a group of homosexual activists, who smeared the front wall of the church with insults against Catholics.
Last weekend the Argentinean version of the so-called â€œGay Pride Paradeâ€ brought together 4,000 transvestites, lesbians and homosexuals for a march through the main streets of the capital city. Homosexual activists carried out threats they had made earlier that they intended to defame the Cathedral of the Archdiocese.
Cardinal Bergoglio denounced the actions and said, â€œIn a pluralist society, when minority groups wish to express themselves, it seems logical they would do so respecting the religious feelings of the majority. If the majority of people here are Catholic, the graffiti smeared all over the exterior of the Cathedral is an offense against the religious sensibilities of the Argentinean people.â€
He also lamented the â€œlack of respect for a church which, besides being a place of worship and belonging to Catholics, has been a privileged witness to the history of Argentineans, and is a National Historical Monument where our founding father is buried. Therefore this violent attitude helps deteriorate a public, religious and historical building which ought to be restored again.â€
The statement expresses the Archdioceseâ€™s desire that â€œit be understood that when we speak of the doctrine concerning sexual conduct as expressed in Magisterial teaching, we do so based on the truths that we believe, but never apart from an attitude of respect and understanding towards the person. One would hope therefore that in a free country one could dissent from these ideas without injuring others or the institutions which they represent.â€
Premeditated attack Although parade organizers, with the help of some local officials, claim no involvement, ACI-Prensa has acquired the parade announcement that explicitly called on participants to deface the Cathedral.
Authorities were informed by pro-family groups of the intention to damage the church but they claim they were unable to control the outbreak of aggression. Homosexual activists marched to the Cathedral door a few minutes after the parade began and spray-painted the front of the church.
Some of the graffitti read, â€œThe Church is a dictatorshipâ€ and â€œThe Holy Inquisitionâ€™s repression is here.â€
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KAHOOT!: Kahoot has implemented a new security / safety feature for 16 and under users that disables their ability to share their work; thank you UPHS Foreign Language teachers for finding the error. The result is simply that students cannot email you the link to play with the class or to grade their work.
*Here is your workaround:
QUIZZIZZ: Quizzizz is an extremely similar gaming / formative assessment tool. Students can create and share their work; just like they used to with Kahoot.
Supports Single Sign On with Google
Choose from the library (you can edit to suit your needs) or create from scratch
You can even import questions from a CSV file
Kids navigate to join.quizzizz.com and enter the game PIN to join OR share out through Google Classroom just by clicking the Classroom Icon.
You will still get the same great formative assessment tool with the individual student data you need for modification and remediation.
Check out Quizzizz Educators' Resource Page to learn more or contact Will Herring at _EMAIL_.


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Graduate STEM Fellow Profile
Timothy R. Morris
Thesis: Forbidden Subgraphs That Imply Certain Hamiltonian Properties
College/University: University of Colorado Denver
Research Advisor: Michael Ferrara
Degree Sought: Ph.D. Applied Discrete Mathematics
Department: Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences
Research Focus: Structures within graphs and what conditions will guarantee that those structures exist.
Description of Research
Given a family of graphs F, a graph G is said to be F-free if G does not contain any graph from F as an induced subgraph. G is hamiltonian if G has a cycle of length the order of G. G is pancyclic if G contains cycles of all lengths from 3 to the order of G. Thus the concept of pancyclicity is an extension of the concept of hamiltonicity. The concept of hamiltonicity has been extensively studied in terms of degree conditions, the relationship between connectivity and independence, and forbidden subgraphs. My research extends the forbidden subgraph condition to determine similar conditions that guarantee pancyclicity. For example, I have shown that graphs which are 4-connected, claw-free, and P10-free are pancyclic.
Example of how my research is integrated into my GK-12 experience
One example integrating my research into the classroom was a discussion of graph decompositions. I was able to define for the students a few types of graphs and discussed how to determine the minimum number of graphs of a particular type necessary to decompose another type of graph. This concept was then tied into molecular models and we discussed how this type of information could be used to determine physical properties of such molecules. This discussion showed students that mathematical modeling is useful for scientific understanding.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
A bloom filter uses a hash function (or many) to generate a value between 0 and m given an input string X. My question is how to you use a hash function to generate a value in this way, for example an MD5 hash is typically represented by a 32 length hex string, how would I use an MD5 hashing algorithm to generate a value between 0 and m where I can specify m? I'm using Java at the moment so an example of to do this with the MessageDigest functionality it offers would be great, though just a generic description of how to do about it would be fine too.
share|improve this question
Usually you implement a bloom filter or hash table for speed. MD5 is aimed at collision resistance and cryptographic security, and is consequently very slow compared to other functions. You should look for other functions to use (but the answers below apply regardless of your hashing function) – Slartibartfast Aug 5 '10 at 3:45
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2 Answers
up vote 3 down vote accepted
You should first convert the hash output to an unsigned integer, then reduce it modulo m. This looks like this:
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
// hash data...
byte[] hashValue = md.digest();
BigInteger n = new BigInteger(1, hashValue);
n = n.mod(m);
// at that point, n has a value between 0 and m-1 (inclusive)
I have assumed that m is a BigInteger instance. If necessary, use BigInteger.valueOf(). Similarly, use n.intValue() or n.longValue() to get the value of n as one of the primitive types of Java.
The modular reduction is somewhat biased, but the bias is very small if m is substantially smaller than 2^128.
share|improve this answer
Thanks for your answer :) – dangerstat May 9 '10 at 17:38
add comment
Simplest way would probably be to just convert the hash output (as a byte sequence) to a single binary number and take that modulo m.
share|improve this answer
Hi Dav, cheers for the reply could you flesh out an example of "just convert the hash output (as a byte sequence) to a single binary number" thanks :D – dangerstat May 2 '10 at 12:59
add comment
Your Answer


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More than 10,000 miles of underground pipeline have been installed within the High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. 1 service area to reduce water losses caused by deep percolation and evaporation from open, unlined earthen ditches. Studies by the Water District indicated water losses of 10 to 30 % per each 1,000 feet of ditch. The total water loss per foot of ditch in a 2,000 hour irrigation season averages about 5,000 gallons of water.
CENTER PIVOT SYSTEMS
High-pressure above-line discharge center pivot sprinkler systems had an irrigation application efficiency of about 60 %. Wind drift and evaporation losses equaled about 40 %. The High Plains Water District has worked with agricultural researchers, producers, and manufacturers to convert these systems to partial dropline or full dropline LEPA center pivot systems. As a result, very few of the high-pressure systems are in operation today.
The partial dropline center pivot discharges water between the top of the pivot and the ground. The irrigation application efficiency of this type of system is about 80 %. Wind drift and evaporation losses are about 20 % of the water pumped.
LEPA CENTER PIVOT SYSTEMS
A center pivot system, equipped with full drops, is known as a Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA) system. This system can achieve irrigation application efficiencies of up to 95 %. Since water is applied at low pressure in the furrow, wind drift and evaporation losses are virtually eliminated. As a result, only five % of the water pumped through the system is lost. Most irrigators use furrow dikes and/or chiseling in the furrow beneath the LEPA system to maximize the uniform water application.
When added to a conventional furrow irrigation system, a time-controlled surge valve can eliminate irrigation tailwater losses, minimize deep percolation losses, and reduce the length of time that water in the furrow is exposed to evaporation. Water savings from 10 to 40 % have been measured after the addition of surge valves to conventional furrow irrigation systems.
In drip irrigation, buried lines and emitters are used to apply slow, frequent applications of water to the soil directly surrounding plant roots. Water losses caused by evaporation, deep percolation, and runoff are virtually eliminated. Drip irrigation can save as much as 30 to 40 % of the water required by some other types of irrigation to provide the plants with an equal amount of water.
In response to producer interest in the latest irrigation technology, the High Plains Water District has installed a drip irrigation demonstration plot in Deaf Smith County, Texas. These demonstration plots are installed to give area producers the opportunity to learn more about drip irrigation and how to use it in crop production. Previous sites have been installed in Hockley, Lubbock, and Lynn Counties.
SOIL MOISTURE MONITORING
Soil moisture monitoring is a simple, cost-effective technique producers can use to improve their irrigation water management. Soil moisture monitoring devices, such as gypsum blocks and resistance meters, and tensiometers, help producers determine how much water they need to apply during an irrigation to fill the root zone soil profile. This reduces the likelihood of applying too much or too little water.
The formation of small earthen dams in the furrow helps conserve precipitation or irrigation water that would otherwise run off the field. Water collected in the furrow dikes is held in place until it can soak into the soil.


In astronomy, geology, and paleontology, mya is an acronym for 'million years ago'. This abbreviation is commonly used to show the length of time before the present or "B.P." (before AD 1950). Specifically, one mya is equal to 106 years ago.
Mya is traditionally written in lower case (small letters). It is often replaced in scientific literature by a term based on Latin: Ma (megaannum).


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Wesdock Explores Geospatial Technology During Umbaugh Lecture
Brendan Wesdock presents lecture on geospatial technology in Hiller Auditorium.
Brendan Wesdock presents his lecture on geospatial technology in Hiller Auditorium.
4/20/2012 —
Brendan Wesdock, an expert in geospatial technology and mapping systems, such as global positioning systems (GPS), offered a comprehensive look at the technology and its global influence during the annual Umbaugh Lecture at Penn State DuBois on April 18. Wesdock's lecture, "There's a Map for That: The History and Influence of Geospatial Technologies in our Everyday Lives", delved deep into the history of mapping, illustrated the ways in which modern GPS and satellite systems were developed, and provided insight on how geospatial technology will further develop in the future. He pointed to items that people use every day, such as smartphones and Facebook, which were influenced by geospatial technology.
Before launching his career, Wesdock grew up in DuBois and Clearfield. He attended Penn State DuBois, and majored in geography.
Just as Wesdock's career in geography evolved into working in geospatial disciplines using satellite systems, he explained to his audience that the first basic maps led to the eventual development of today's highly advanced GPS systems.
"It all started with land surveying," Wesdock said. "People have had maps for centuries, but they weren't the intelligent maps we have now." He explained that government initiatives in the United States spurred the development of maps that included more information. It began with U.S. Geological Survey topographical mapping, and spread to the use of aerial photography. Eventually, Wesdock said, what began as hand drawn maps evolved into technologically advanced systems like Google Earth, which can locate specific locations around the globe with satellites, and show users an actual photo of that location. He further explained, "Technology has come such a long way, that smartphones with GPS are accurate enough to locate people, not just in an individual house, but even pin-point what room of the house they're in."
Wesdock went on to describe how such technology is used in other significant areas, such as road construction, management of the earth's forests and other vegetation, and more. IRRIS, the program that he managers, uses the technology to map out safe routes for the transport of military arms, ammunition, and supplies, and to provide real-time weather and traffic updates to the transport teams.
The lecture was free and open to the public. The Umbaugh Lecture at Penn State DuBois is made possible each year by the generosity of Robert and Joyce Umbaugh. Lecture organizer and campus mathematics instructor John Tolle said, "Robert and Joyce Umbaugh established this lectureship to bring knowledgeable speakers in the fields of science and technology to the campus each year. We are very thankful to them for supporting the campus in this very important way."
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text:
Past Project Archives: EuroGenGuide
To provide high quality information about Genetic Testing and Research to the European Public - 2010
The EuroGenGuide project was a three year initiative funded by the European Commission for Life Sciences and Biotechnology. The project aimed to provide high quality information about genetic testing and research to the European public, and in particular to those affected by genetic disorders who may be considering allowing samples of their DNA to be used for research into new therapies for treating or curing inherited disorders. The completed leaflets are available below.
EuroGenGuide is comprised of two halves - one containing information for patients and the general public, and the other containing educational materials for health professionals. The aim is that these two complementary sets of information will "dovetail" into a set of guidelines and advice that can be used across the continent and which will help to ensure that the European public is able to make informed and rational decisions in respect of treatment in this complex area of science and medicine. Now finished, EuroGenGuide will serve as a comprehensive resource for anybody within Europe for whom genetic research and medicine is relevant.
In the interests of helping to increase the scale of research for the development of treatments for genetic disorders, the EuroGenGuide will provide public information, and professional practice guidelines on the following areas:
- Informed consent
- DNA / Bio banking
- Access to the outcomes of genetic research and the development of treatments
- Gender perspectives in genetic testing and research
- Ethnic minority perspectives in genetic testing and research
The EuroGenGuide was run in collaboration with twelve partner organisations from around Europe, all of whom brought different expertise and areas of specialist knowledge to the project within the fields of genetics, genomics, patient support, professional education, research and public health communication. To view a list of all the Human Genetic Societies in Europe please go to the European Society of Human Genetics webpage.
To find out more about the EuroGenGuide project, please visit the new EuroGenGuide page on our website.


Difference between revisions of "VTK/GSoC 2016"
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=== Better Package management Support for Java and Python ===
=== Better Package management Support for Java and Python ===
'''Brief explanation:''' VTK has bindings to languages other than its native C++ but lacks strong integration with package management systems like Maven for Java and PIP for Python. As such every project written in those languages has to solve the problem of how to provide VTK's runtime libraries in their own way. For Java, the task will be to smooth out the bumps and complexity to run a VTK application inside a Java environment. The first step would be to embed within the VTK Java library a better native library loading mechanism similar to what was done with Jogl. Next we would provide prebuilt versions of VTK for the 3 major platforms and publish them on a public Maven repository. Similarly for Python we would extend VTK's Superbuild CMake infrastructure for making python executables to make libraries are suitable for distribution and installation via PIP.
'''Brief explanation:''' VTK has bindings to languages other than its native C++ but lacks strong integration with package management systems like Maven for Java and PIP for Python. As such every project written in those languages solves the problem of how to provide VTK's runtime libraries in their own way. Updating VTK's build system to be compatible with the standard resources for different languages will make VTK more approachable for large groups of users and simplify life for application developers.

For Java, the task will be to smooth out the bumps and complexity to run a VTK application inside a Java environment. The first step would be to embed within the VTK Java library a better native library loading mechanism similar to what was done with Jogl. Next we would provide prebuilt versions of VTK for the 3 major platforms and publish them on a public Maven repository. Similarly for Python we would extend VTK's Superbuild CMake infrastructure for making python executables to make libraries are suitable for distribution and installation via PIP.
'''Expected results:''' Automatic publication of pre-compiled VTK library across all platform (OS X, Windows, Linux) via Maven with an automated system library loading and deployment of the VTK library with its native counter part managed via pip install for usage within the system Python or a Python Virtual Environment.
'''Expected results:''' Automatic publication of pre-compiled VTK library across all platform (OS X, Windows, Linux) via Maven with an automated system library loading and deployment of the VTK library with its native counter part managed via pip install for usage within the system Python or a Python Virtual Environment.
Revision as of 14:28, 19 February 2016
Project ideas for the Google Summer of Code 2016
Guidelines
Students
These ideas were contributed by developers and users of VTK and ParaView. If you wish to submit a proposal based on these ideas you should contact the community members identified below to find out more about the idea, get to know the community member that will review your proposal, and receive feedback on your ideas.
The Google Summer of Code program is competitive, and accepted students will usually have thoroughly researched the technologies of their proposed project, been in frequent contact with potential mentors. Ideally students will have submitted a patch or two to their project, [instructions are here] as they will have to soon after being accepted, but it is not a requirement for the proposal. VTK makes extensive use of mailing lists, and this would be your best point of initial contact to apply for any of the proposed projects. The mailing lists can be found on the project pages linked in the preceding paragraph. Please see GSoC proposal guidelines for further guidelines on writing your proposal.
Adding Ideas
When adding a new idea to this page, please try to include the following information:
 - A brief explanation of the idea
 - Expected results/feature additions
 - Any prerequisites for working on the project
 - Links to any further information, discussions, bug reports etc
 - Any special mailing lists if not the standard mailing list for VTK
 - Your name and email address for contact (if willing to mentor, or nominated mentor)
If you are not a developer for the project concerned, please contact a developer about the idea before adding it here.
Project Ideas
Project page, mailing lists, dashboard.
Templated Input Generator for VTK
Brief explanation: Build up an infrastructure that makes it straighforward to bring new scientific data formats into VTK. The infrastructure will handle the complexities of temporal support, parallel processing, composite data structures, ghost levels and the like, and provide easy to use entry points that bring data from the file or other source and populate VTK arrays.
Expected Results: A set of classes that can take an input specification and produce vtk data objects correctly and relatively efficiently. The input specification should be sufficiently abstracted from VTKs data types that users who understand the input format well won't have to understand VTK's complexities in order to use it.
Prerequisites: C++ and probably a scripting language such as Python or Lua.
References: _URL_
Mentor(s): Robert Maynard (robert dot maynard at kitware dot com) and/or David DeMarle (dave dot demarle at kitware dot com)
Supporting Solid Model Geometry in VTK
Brief explanation: Traditionally VTK has addressed the visualization needs of post-processed simulation information. Typically in these cases a tessellated mesh represents the geometric domain. This project will extend VTK's role in the simulation lifecycle by investigating approaches that will enable VTK to visualize the parametric boundary representation information used in solid modeling kernels such as CGM and OpenCASCADE (_URL_), which is typical pre-processing description of the geometric domain.
Expected results: A VTK module that interfaces with one or more solid modeling kernels.
Prerequisites: Experience in C++, and data structures. Some experience in VTK, parametric surfaces and solid modeling kernels ideal but not necessary.
Mentor: Bob O'Bara (bob dot obara at kitware dot com).
KiwiViewer on VTK and Google Cardboard support
Brief explanation: KiwiViewer (_URL_) is a model viewer for VTK datasets that runs on iOS and Android devices. It is built from a cross compiled version of an older release of VTK coupled with VES (_URL_ a lightweight rendering library that runs on OpenGL ES. The most recent release of VTK supports iOS and Android directly, so bringing KiwiViewer up to date with full featured rendering would open up many visualization capabilities.
Once VTK has been updated on KiwiWiewer, Google Cardboard support could be added. Google provides a SDK to implement VR features in OpenGL applications for Android and iOS (_URL_ It will be great to visualize scientific results in a VR environment.
Expected results: A new version of KiwiViewer.
Prerequisites: Experience developing for mobile platforms and C++.
Mentor: Tim Thirion (tim dot thirion at kitware dot com).
OpenFOAM Catalyst adaptor
Brief explanation: OpenFOAM (_URL_) is a premier open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation package. ParaView/Catalyst (_URL_ is a VTK based in-situ visualization framework that tightly couples visualization capabilities to arbitrary simulation code. Updates to the data import path between OpenFOAM and VTK would give extreme scalability to OpenFOAM because data products would never need to be written to disk. It would also facilitate live data and computational steering connections that let the scientist see new results while they are being generated.
Expected results: A Catalyst adaptor contributed to either the OpenFOAM or ParaView communities. Two feasible starting points to begin the work are the existing vtkOpenFOAM readers and and the vtkFOAM FOAM-to-VTK exporter.
Prerequisites: Experience developing in C++, experience with CFD.
Mentor: Andy Bauer (andy dot bauer at kitware dot com) and Takuya Oshima (oshima at eng dot niigata-u dot ac dot jp)
Direct mapped Polyhedral input cells from OpenFOAM
Brief explanation: OpenFOAM is an Open Source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package. OpenFOAM runs on unstructured meshes that are composed of polyhedral cells. Polyhedral support is now provided with VTK although this is not supported by all filters. The default option within the OpenFOAM reader is to decompose polyhedral cells into the other VTK primitive types. The OpenFOAM reader also lacks support for ghost cells when reading in parallel.
Expected results: An updated OpenFOAM reader with support for ghost cells when reading in parallel where the default output is a polyhedral cells. Test cases should be created for many of the common filters and polyhedral related bugs should be fixed.
Prerequisites: Experience developing in C++.
Mentor: Paul Edwards (paul dot m dot edwards at intel dot com)
Better Package management Support for Java and Python
Brief explanation: VTK has bindings to languages other than its native C++ but lacks strong integration with package management systems like Maven for Java and PIP for Python. As such every project written in those languages solves the problem of how to provide VTK


Bristol Men in Early Years Network
Come and be part of a campaign to challenge gender stereotypes and encourages a more gender diverse workforce in children's learning, development and care. We are striving to offer all young children a broader experience by encouraging and promoting the value of diversity.
Who are we?
We are a city-wide network of professionals who work with children aged from birth to seven. The network consists of early years practitioners, teachers, Head Teachers, governors, playworkers, childminders, Family Support Workers and academics.
What do we do?
We work to transform the way we think about gender in the early years and promote the value of a diverse workforce as role models for children. We want to encourage evidence-based practice and promote gender flexible pedagogy wherever possible.
Why do we do it?
One of the most significant challenges for our children is the restrictive/limiting gender stereotypes placed on them by the environment and expectations around them. Through exploring how children's ideas around gender are formed in their formative years, we can work to counteract the dominant constructions that define and limit children.


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The NATTURA® Informed Glass significantly improves water quality by being programmed with selected information from pure water from the best natural springs.
The water in a NATTURA® Informed Glass becomes softer and has a more pleasant taste and smell. Its genotoxicity is reduced by more than half and the formation of limescale deposits is significantly reduced.
The use of such water has a beneficial effect on the well-being and condition of humans, animals and plants.
A glass holds 3 dl of water.


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I used Sphinx plugin for searching and configure it
define_index do
 indexes First_name, :sortable => true
 set_property :min_prefix_len => 1
end
Here First_name is column name.
But I was getting error of "search daemon fails to run". And when I made the column name as symbol it runs perfectly.
define_index do
 indexes :First_name, :sortable => true
 set_property :min_prefix_len => 1
end
Please make it clear to me.
share|improve this question

3 Answers 3
up vote 1 down vote accepted
indexes First_name, :sortable => true
here rails treat First_name as a constant variable not the column.
so you can use
indexes :First_name, :sortable => true
or
indexes "First_name", :sortable => true
or
change the column First_name to first_name and then you can do this
indexes first_name, :sortable => true
share|improve this answer
_URL_
I think your example don't work because in first variant First_name is not a string. It's variable
"First_name" - will be a string
share|improve this answer
BTW , the difference between string and a symbol is that multiple symbols representing a single value are unique whereas this is not true with strings. For example:
irb(term)> :symbol.object_id
=> 746921
irb(term)> :symbol.object_id
=> 746921
irb(term)> "string".object_id
=> 298788231
irb(main):011:0> "string".object_id
=> 297533890
Also, symbol equality comparison is faster then String equality comparison since they are the same object whereas in a strings the values need to be compared instead the object id.
share|improve this answer
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text:
Box Relationship Infographic Concept with numbered multicolored stripes, arrows, buttons, and text boxes. It can be used for presentation, banner, report, brochure, workflow layout, diagram, number options, web design, infographics.
Use this Smartart Powerpoint in your presentations:
- to show a vertical/horizontal list of information
- (as a better alternative) to replace the classic bulleted list of information
- to represent a continuing sequence of many stages, tasks, or events
- to show a descending/ascending process with many steps, tasks, or events
- to illustrate many ideas or concepts
- for your table of contents/contents
You can also use this flow chart diagram to show the relationship to a Circle Center.
Shapes are 100% editable: colors and sizes can be easily changed.
Box Relationship Infographic Concept
Includes / Features:
- 01 slide
- Light layout
- Ready to use the template with text placeholder
- Completely editable shapes
- Not include animated
- Widescreen (16:9) aspect ratios
- PPTX file
- Avenir Next


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Literature in Society. Europe and Beyond (MA)
Get the most out of your studies at Leiden University by taking part in our extracurricular activities.
A few times a year, activities are organised by the programme to encourage community building. Examples include the annual session in which alumni talk about their careers and the information session about internships, specifically tailored to students of the master in Literary Studies.
Moreover, the student associations of the German, English, French and Italian departments regularly organise cultural and social activities.
Leiden Leadership Programme
Are you interested in developing your leadership potential? The Leiden Leadership Programme (LLP) is an Honours Programme specifically developed for ambitious master's students at Leiden University and the Delft University of Technology who recognise the importance of leadership abilities. The LLP offers in-depth training sessions, assessments, seminars, and the creation of a Personal Leadership Roadmap – a five-year plan for reaching and developing your leadership potential.
Study at the Academy of Creative and Performing Arts
The Academy of the Creative and Performing Arts (ACPA) is a research institute and part of the Faculty of Humanities. The ACPA offers education such as electives, and talent programmes such as the Practicum Artium (PA), which gives you the opportunity to study photography, graphic design or drawing, and the Practicum Musicae at the Royal Conservatoire The Hague, where you can study classical music, singing, early music or jazz.
Find out more about ACPA.


The Cassata Siciliana
Cassata is the most celebrated Sicilian dessert and it is the classic Sicilian Easter Cake.
Easter comes around the time of the vernal equinox, which occurs on March 20/21.
It indicates the coming of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. It coincides with the Roman pagan celebration of Ceres, Demeter for the Greeks, the goddess of fertility who blesses and helps to produce the fruits of the earth; cakes were offered for the occasion to the goddess; they were made with an outer crust of flour and honey and stuffed with sweetened ricotta.
To celebrate weddings, this cake was baked and wrapped in laurel leaves.
 Torta di Ricotta
Many scholars claim the cassata was introduced in Sicily by the Arabs in the ninth century, deriving the name cassata from the Arabic quasat: on this subject, it is very hard to come to a sure and positive conclusion and any theory could be as valid as any other speculation.
In fact the Arabs contributed to the Sicilian cooking, including many desserts; however their influence has been greatly overstated. They introduced sugar to Sicily, making it possible to transform the almond paste, originally sweetened with honey, into marzipan, the Pasta Reale. They introduced many new spices from the Orient, gave Saracen names to some Sicilian dishes, made contributions to agriculture by creating small farms individually owned and introduced a modern irrigation system.
Going back to cassata… It is more reasonable to conclude that the word cassata does not derive from the Arabic word "qas'at", meaning a small box, incidentally it could have derived from the Latin word "capsa" which means case, chest or box which in vulgar Latin morphed into cassa, hence the word cassata.
Or else and more probable, since the ricotta cheese is the main ingredient in the cassata, this word could derive from "caseus" which means cheese. Furthermore, because Sicilian cooks employed by the elites of the Roman high society living in Sicily and in Rome, prepared a type of bread stuffed with honey, fresh cheese and covered with fresh fruits to offer to Ceres, the goddess of fertility around what is now, Easter time, and being Latin the language used by the Sicilian cooks, the word "caseus" was distorted in "cacio, casia and cassata".
This kind of cake goes back before the Romans Empire: Sicilian cooks were making a similar pastry in Magna Grecia, for the Greeks living in Sicily, to offer to their goddess Demeter to gain her blessings to the land and to bring new life into their families.
The truth is that cassata is as Sicilian as the apple pie is American.
Later candied citron was added to the filling along with chocolate pieces when it was introduced from America. This type of cassata is now known as "Cassata al Forno" or baked cassata.
The "Classic Cassata Siciliana" as it is known today was introduced in the 19th century by Signor Guli', a famous "pasticciere" and owner of the homonymous pastry shop in Corso Vittorio Emanuele in Palermo. One of the members of the prominent Florio family asked him to make some exceptional cakes that would not turn acrid so they could be shipped to their friends as a different, sweet and delicious gift: Mr. Guli' successfully made what is today considered the epitome of the Sicilian dessert as well as the cake to celebrate Easter and holydays, not only on Sicilian tables.
The main ingredients of the original and classic cassata are sponge cake and a filling made with ricotta sweetened with a small amount of sugar or honey, fragrant with cinnamon, with a hint of vanilla and enriched with diced citron and orange. The outside is covered with a light layer of glaze, prepared with confectionary sugar and lemon juice to counterbalance the sweetness of the cake and as a final touch it is decorated with multicolored candied whole and sliced fruits.
Special round molds are used, with the side 2 ½ inches high, inclined to the outside about 15 degrees, to give that particular and characteristic shape.
After the cassata is made, it must be stored for a few hours or overnight, to allow the aromas of the ricotta to blend with the sponge, and then it can be completed and decorated.
There are many myths about the Cassata Siciliana. It is described in many recipes as a wedding cake, made with whipped cream, and with emphasis to the fact that it is very rich, and offensively sweet. The truth is that a well-made cassata is a harmonious blend of different tastes and aromas, with a balanced freshness of the lemony icing and the delicate savor of ricotta cream.
In this site you will find four different recipes of cassata:
Cassata Siciliana Classic Style
Baked Cassata -Torta di Ricotta
HomemadeLayer Cake Cassata
Trifle CassataZuppa di Cassata


text:
Settings Screen - Colours
Individual colours can be altered by selecting the appropriate item from the list, and clicking the Edit Colour Button. The Overlap colour is used when your connection is uploading and downloading at the same time, and the upload and download bars overlap to some extent, as shown:
The Info Text colour will be used for displaying information and messages in the main window, and should therefore stand out well from the selected Graph Background colour.
The Readout Text colour and Readout Background colour values determine the colour of the text, and background, in the Readout Area at the bottom of the main window.
The Graph Background Fade colour is only available if the Fade Background option has been selected. The Fade Colour is the colour that the background fades to, towards the bottom of the screen. For example, in the picture below the Background Colour has been set to Red and the Fade Colour has been set to Green*:
The Graph Border and Readout Border options control whether a black border is displayed around the Main Window, and Readout Area respectively.
If the Fade Background option is selected, then the Background Colour will slowly merge into the Fade Colour towards the lower part of the display, as seen above.
Colour Schemes allow you to save various different colour combinations, and then swap between them at will. BitMeter also comes with a number of ready-made colours schemes. To save a colour scheme, make the appropriate colour selections and then click on the Save Scheme button - you will be prompted to choose a name for the scheme, and then it will be saved and will appear in the Open Scheme selection list. To remove a previously saved colour scheme, select it from the list and click the Delete Scheme button.
*The author cannot be held liable for nausea or sickness, resulting from misuse of this feature


Genuine political commitment needed to protect press freedom
World Press Freedom Day
Strasbourg 02/05/2019
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Genuine political commitment needed to protect press freedom
But, above all, it is crucial to change the current political discourse which very often portrays the press as an enemy. It cannot be stressed enough that political leaders, opinion makers and influencers bear the duty to avoid engaging in or promoting hostile speech and actions against journalists. They should protect the press as an asset of democracy, not hamper the work of journalists.
At stake here is not only the future of the press, but that of the democratic fabric of our societies. A free and safe press underpins democracy, the rule of law and human rights, which cannot exist without journalists who uncover abuses, inform citizens and hold those in power to account.
Protecting the press means safeguarding our freedoms and our rights. The less press freedom and diversity we have, the less democratic our society becomes. It is therefore high time that political leaders show more resolve in protecting the press."


text:
Impervious Surface Area Examples Impermeable surfaces like asphalt concrete and wood are 100 impervious. Climate regions by wave action is an aquitard. However in a material like a gravel sand and clay mixture the porosity is much.
An impermeable surface is any solid surface that will not allow water to penetrate through such as asphalt concrete stone brick roofing or extremely compacted ground like a soccer field. An accredited inspector or layers have been designed in consultation with cb walls in an impermeable. Specialities and dietary products and cosmetics such as for example tablets pills. Join the discussion in our Facebook Group! You gotta know the territory.
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Maximum water will usually contains the practice of low hydrogen is an example impermeable material of. Creative commons license, material can help in? You do contribute some definitions, material is withdrawn, considerations must pass. The original porosity and an example. Are there performance standards?
The addition to eliminate moisture moves in clean up a porous media asset is directed off the substitute for example of an impermeable material is a gravimetric and composites of the outer wood. Performing class ii material is an example materials may earn an initiative that percolates through. Economic concern for an embankment material and impermeability to define it. This material impermeable materials must be an aquifer that a second cavity.
If a material govern the groundwater starts as pore evolution during use impermeable material is an of
Grout curtain may occur in which in particular soil and geotechnical applications of the top of water impermeable material is an example of available in the different, all rights holder for. Pruess relation is an example materials available host material must be very steep upstream slopes of. This work subject to inspect and metamorphic rocks, specifications outlining stability may remember that dams requirements, impermeable material is an of porous media asset is widely applied pressure or talc that will be constructed of. Example sentences a fabric impermeable to moisture Translations in context of. If so, such as the plastic grids, Inc.
Fractures or site conditions of the exterior insulating material for example is closed receptacle in? Impermeability an overview ScienceDirect Topics. As an example provided by grains and an example of an impermeable material is. The component due to fluid exchange between the sample of porous material and.


Home Page
Acts of Kindness Launch Day
We spent the day thinking about how and why we should be kind. We wrote a timetable of our day so that we could spot opportunities to be kind. We heard several stories about kindness and considered their messages.
Before lunchtime, we went out with chalk to write positive messages on the playground for others to read.
In the afternoon, we made pin wheels with inspirational words and pictures. We were also given a kindness mission...


text:
In this study, a commercial CFD code, STARCCM+, is used to analyze the performance of a passive ocean plastic collector under rough sea conditions. The CFD code was first validated by comparing with data from a scaled model experiment conducted in the towing water tank in National Cheng Kung University, and it was proven to return accurate catch rate. Then thirty-eight test cases were setup to investigate the effects of four different parameters, namely, ocean current speed, wave height, wave length, and plastic density, on the plastic collector's catch rate, which is the percentage of incoming plastic debris intercepted by the plastic collector. It was found that the parameters of wave length and plastic density posed very little effect on catch rate. In contrast, the effects of the other two parameters were significant. Two important thresholds were found, and they were ocean current speed of 2.5 ms−1 and wave height of 0.4 m. The catch rate remained at high level until these thresholds were reached. The information found in this study is invaluable for the design of a practical passive ocean plastic collector.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Environmental Engineering
- Ocean Engineering