text:
[no-lexicon]Introduction: The ESSnet CORE (COmmon Reference Environment) continues the work of a previous ESSnet called CORA (COmmon Reference Architecture), which finished in October 2010, and produced the definition of an architectural model together with proof-of-concept software prototypes. Starting from CORA results, CORE extends the architectural model by defining a complete information model that takes into account process modeling, and specifically definition of sub-processes and communication interfaces. CORE provides a software environment for the automated execution of statistical processes, defined according to the designed information model.[/no-lexicon]
CORE goes in the direction of fostering the sharing of tools among NSIs. Indeed, a tool developed by a specific NSI can be wrapped according to the extended CORA model (e-CORA) and thus easily integrated within a statistical process of another NSI. Moreover, having a single environment for the execution of entire statistical processes provides an high level of automation in process execution.
Concepts and Objectives of the Action
The first objective of CORE is to extend CORA model by defining the new information model e-CORA. Specifically, we will take the CORA model (including GSBPM) as a starting point, and turn it into a fully elaborated information model that covers business concepts, statistical goals and methods, as well as operational logic and implementation aspects. The resulting model must have the power to describe the relationships that link statistical goals to methods, methods to operations, and operations to software tools. Elements of process modeling, such as subdivision of processes in partial processes and in steps, as well as interfaces between steps, must explicitly be part of the information model. The role SDMX can play in this model must also be taken into consideration. Specifically, a possible mapping between SDMX and the e-CORA model will be investigated in order to take into fully account results and tools already available for SDMX. Moreover, besides SDMX, relationships between e-CORA and other European standardization efforts concerning statistical data will be also considered.
The second objective is related to the analysis of a list of tools and to the study of the effort necessary to integrate such tools into the e-CORA model. In particular, starting from the inventory of tools that was prepared within CORA, we will select some tools to be used within some statistical processes executed in the CORE framework. Then we will perform a specific evaluation of the feasibility and of the cost necessary to integrate such tools.
The third objective of the project is related to (i) the definition of a way of exchanging data between tools designed inside GSBPM sub-processes, and the (ii) development of components wrapping such tools in order to integrate them.
CORA has defined a technical architecture for tools that has the following qualities:
- Tools are encapsulated into statistical services that are well-defined in terms of GSBPM process and data aggregation level. These services can be understood by statisticians.
- The communication is the same for all tools, regardless of their technical implementation. This means that a tool implementing the CORA protocol can be integrated into the infrastructure of each NSI that supports CORA, regardless of other tools, underlying operating systems and hardware.
For these qualities to be realized by actual technical components, the following topics have to be addressed by CORE:
- Describe exactly what data have to be exchanged between tools (the data themselves as well as metadata and process data). For this, existing project results on these kinds of data will be examined and reused.
- Describe exactly how the data will be communicated (data format, communication protocols, necessary support for operating systems, DBMS, middleware and other elements of the infrastructure).
- Provide a way to define process to be executed in the framework.
- Provide a way to specify services implementing processes to be executed in the framework. The development of services will be performed by using two different technological solutions: Java and .Net. In this way, we will underline the technological independence of the CORE compliant services, by choosing an open source and a proprietary platform.
The fourth CORE objective is the analysis of possible middleware solutions to implement CORE compliant workflow. CORA describes what statistical processes look like, but only covers the IT aspects of how to translate individual process steps into technical services and service cores. The IT aspects of how to translate the interaction between process steps, which is concerned with process execution, workflow management, exception handling, etcetera, has not yet been covered by CORA. The technical implementation of this service interaction, that is essentially the embodiment of the statistical process according to CORA, will give meaning to the statistical services that will be the result of CORE. This implementation will enable the NSIs to integrate these CORE services into working processes. This requires the following topics to be addressed by CORE:
- Investigate the requirements that CORA (as the business context) and the services defined by CORE (as the technical components) impose on the integration middleware.
- Elaborate on a few example scenarios based on concrete middleware solutions on how different NSIs could implement or use the required middleware and connect their services.
In the following we list the work packages into which the workplan is structured:
- WP1: Project management
- WP2: Design of the information model according to GSBPM and alignment with NSI's information models
- WP3: Generic interface design for interconnecting GSBPM sub-processes
- WP4: Research workflow solutions for process management
- WP5: Implementation library for generic interface and production chain for .NET
- WP6: Implementation library for generic interface and production chain for Java
- WP7: Project dissemination and cost reporting


text:
You can also rely on Federal Way florists or flower shops in Kent to send flowers to Auburn.
If, I can someday see M. Claude Monet's garden,
I feel sure that I shall see something that is not so much a garden of flowers as of colours and tones,
less an old-fashioned flower garden than a colour garden, so to speak,
one that achieves an effect not entirely nature's,
because it was planted so that only the flowers with matching colours will bloom at the same time,
harmonized in an infinite stretch of blue or pink.
- Marcel Proust
I don't know whether nice people tend to grow roses
or growing roses makes people nice.
- Roland A Beowne
In the 1600's, a language of flowers developed in Constantinople and in the poetry of Persia.
Charles II introduced the Persian poetry to Europe, and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu brought the flower language from Turkey to England in 1716.
It spread to France and became a handbook of 800 floral messages known as the Book Le Language des Fleurs.
Lovers exchanged messages as they gave each other selected flowers or bouquets. A full red rose meant beauty. Red and white mean unity.
Crocus said "abuse not", while a white rosebud warns that one is too young for love.
Yellow roses were for jealousy, yellow iris for passion, filbert for reconciliation and ivy for marriage.
- Valentine's Day Love Traditions
Lone and erect, beneath light's primal flood,
A lily! and pure as any one of you.
Find florists from nearby cities:

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


imageLinkWrap
Properties
Property Data types stdWrap Default
imageLinkWrap = boolean yes 0
enable = boolean yes 0
file = stdWrap yes
width = positive integer yes
height = positive integer yes
effects = like EFFECT of GIFBUILDER yes
sample = boolean yes 0
title = string yes
bodyTag = <tag> yes
wrap = wrap (?)
target = target yes "thePicture"
JSwindow = boolean yes
JSwindow.expand = x, y (both integer) yes
JSwindow.newWindow = boolean yes
JSwindow.altUrl = string yes
JSwindow.altUrl_noDefaultParams = boolean (?) 0
typolink = like typolink (?)
directImageLink = boolean yes 0
linkParams = any of the options of typolink (?)
stdWrap = stdWrap yes
enable
imageLinkWrap.enable = boolean
Whether or not to link the image. Must be set to True to make imageLinkWrap do anything at all.
file
imageLinkWrap.file = stdWrap
Apply stdWrap functionality to the file path.
width
imageLinkWrap.width = positive integer
Width of the image to be shown in pixels. If you add "m" to width or height or both then the width and height parameters will be interpreted as maximum and proportions of the image will be preserved.
height
imageLinkWrap.height = positive integer
Width of the image to be shown in pixels. If you add "m" to width or height or both then the width and height parameters will be interpreted as maximum and proportions of the image will be preserved.
effects
imageLinkWrap.effects = like EFFECT of GIFBUILDER
Apply image effects to the preview image.
Example for effects
imageLinkWrap {
 effects = gamma=1.3 | sharpen=80 | solarize=70
 # effects only works when directImageLink is FALSE
 directImageLink = 0
 # at most 800 pixels wide. Keep proportions.
 width = 800m
 # at most 600 pixels wide. Keep proportions.
 height = 600m
}
sample
imageLinkWrap.sample = boolean
sample is a switch which determines how the image processor (often GraphicsMagick or ImageMagick) calculates the preview image. If sample is true then - sample is used with GraphicsMagick or ImageMagick instead of - geometry to calculate the preview image. sample does not use antialiasing and is therefore much faster than the geometry procedure of GraphicsMagick or ImageMagick.
title
imageLinkWrap.title = string
Specifies the html-page-title of the preview window. Needs JSwindow = 1.
bodyTag
imageLinkWrap.bodyTag = <tag>
This is the -tag of the preview window. Needs JSwindow = 1.
Example:
# with all margins set to zero the window will exactly fit the image.
# "onBlur" closes the window automatically if it looses focus
imageLinkWrap.JSwindow = 1
imageLinkWrap.bodyTag (

)
wrap
imageLinkWrap.wrap = wrap
This wrap is placed around the -tag in the preview window. Needs JSwindow = 1.
target
imageLinkWrap.target = target
This specifies the target attribute of the link. The attribute will only be created if the current Doctype allows it. Needs JSwindow = 1. Default: 'thePicture'.
Examples:
# (1) to produce:
imageLinkWrap.target = preview
# (2) to use the default:
// do nothing - use the built in default value of ".target"
# (3) to use a new window for each image
# let there be: <a target="<hash-code>" ... >
imageLinkWrap.JSwindow = 1
imageLinkWrap.JSwindow.newWindow = 1
JSwindow
imageLinkWrap.JSwindow = boolean
If true (JSwindow = 1) Javascript will be used to open the image in a new window. The window is automatically resized to match the dimensions of the image.
JSwindow.expand
imageLinkWrap.JSwindow.expand = x, y
x and x are of data type integer. The values are added to the width and height of the preview image when calculating the width and height of the preview window.
JSwindow.newWindow
imageLinkWrap.JSwindow.newWindow = boolean
If the Doctype allows the target attribute then the image will be opened in a window with the name given by target. If that windows is kept open and the next image with the same target attribute is to be shown then it will appear in the same preview window. If JSwindow.newWindow is set to True, then a unique hash value is used as target value for each image. This guarantees that each image is opened in a new window.
JSwindow.altUrl
imageLinkWrap.JSwindow.altUrl = string
If this returns anything then it is used as URL of the preview window. Otherwise the default "showpic" script will be used.
JSwindow.altUrl_noDefaultParams
imageLinkWrap.JSwindow.altUrl_noDefaultParams = boolean
If true (JSwindow.altUrl_noDefaultParams = 1) then the image parameters are not automatically appended to the altUrl. This is useful if you want to add them yourself in a special way.
linkParams
imageLinkWrap.linkParams = any of the options of typolink
When the direct link for the preview image is calculated all attributes of linkParams are used as settings for the typolink function. In other words: Use the same parameters for linkParams that you would use for typolink. Needs JSwindow = 0.
Example:
JSwindow = 0
directImageLink = 1
linkParams.ATagParams.dataWrap (
 class="{$styles.content.imgtext.linkWrap.lightboxCssClass}"
 rel="{$styles.content.imgtext.linkWrap.lightboxRelAttribute}"
)
This way it is easy to use a lightbox and to display resized images in the frontend. More complete examples are Example: Images in lightbox "fancybox" and Example: Images in lightbox "TopUp".
stdWrap
imageLinkWrap.stdWrap = stdWrap
This adds stdWrap functionality to the almost final result.
What it does
imageLinkWrap = 1
If set to True (= 1) then this function attaches a link to an image that opens a special view of the image. By default the link points to the a "showpic" script that knows how to deal with several parameters. The script checks an md5-hash to make sure that the parameters are unchanged. See Basic example: Create a link to the showpic script.
There is an alternative. You may set directImageLink to True (= 1). In that case the link will directly point to the image - no intermediate script is involved. This method can well be used to display images in a lightbox. See Basic example: Link directly to the original image and the lightbox examples on this page.
If JSwindow is True (= 1) more fancy features are available since the preview now is opened by Javascript. Then the Javascript window title, size, background-color and more can be set to special values.
Implementation
 - imageLinkWrap in API,
 - method imageLinkWrap in
 - class ContentObjectRenderer in
 - namespace namespace TYPO3\CMS\Frontend\ContentObject; in
 - file ContentObjectRenderer.php in
 - folder typo3/sysext/frontend/Classes/ContentObject.
Examples for imageLinkWrap
Example: Larger display in a popup window
page = PAGE
page.10 = IMAGE
page.10 {
 # the relative path to the image
 # find the images in the 'lorem_ipsum' extension an copy them here
 file = fileadmin/demo/lorem_ipsum/images/b1.jpg
 # let's make the normal image small
 file.width = 80
 # yes, we want to have a preview link on the image
 imageLinkWrap = 1
 imageLinkWrap {
 # must be TRUE for anything to happen
 enable = 1
 # "m" = at most 400px wide - keep proportions
 width = 400m
 # "m" = at most 300px high - keep proportions
 height = 300
 # let's use fancy Javascript features
 JSwindow = 1
 # black background
 bodyTag = <body style="


text:
Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig (September 8, 1783 – September 2, 1872) (Danish pronunciation: [ˈneɡolaɪ̯ˀ ˈfʁæˀðʁæɡ ˈsɛʋəʁin ˈɡʁɔndʋi]), most often referred to as simply N. F. S. Grundtvig, was a Danish pastor, author, poet, philosopher, historian, teacher, and politician. He was one of the most influential people in Danish history, as his philosophy gave rise to a new form of nationalism in the last half of the 19th century. He was married three times, the last time in his seventy-sixth year.
Grundtvig and his followers are credited with being very influential in the formulation of modern Danish national consciousness. It was steeped in the national literature and supported by deep spirituality.
Called Fr… Go to person page >

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is looking to make the use of AI-generated voices in robocalls fundamentally illegal. While robocalls are generally disliked, the FCC aims to specifically address the issue of voice cloning technology, especially when it involves impersonating figures like President Biden.
Although robocalls are already illegal, some automated calls are considered necessary and lawful. It's only when a call operation is suspected of breaking the law that authorities get involved. For instance, in the case of fake Biden calls in New Hampshire discouraging people from voting, the Attorney General there confidently labeled them as an "unlawful attempt to disrupt the election."
To streamline the process of charging fraudsters behind such calls, the FCC wants to classify the use of voice cloning tech as inherently illegal under existing law. FCC Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel explained that this move would provide State Attorneys General with new tools to combat scams and protect consumers.
The FCC currently relies on the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) to charge robocallers. While the TCPA already prohibits "artificial" voices, it's unclear whether cloned voices fall into that category. The FCC proposes issuing a Declaratory Ruling stating that AI-powered voice cloning falls under the "artificial" heading, simplifying the legal basis for charging offenders.
Despite the evolving landscape of telephone, messaging, and generative voice technology, the FCC recognizes the urgency to address the illegal use of voice cloning in robocalls. The proposal will undergo internal procedures and a vote among Commissioners before becoming public, according to FCC spokesman Will Wiquist.


text:
What is Artificial Grass Made of?
The main materials used to manufacture artificial grass are Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE). Polypropylene (PP) has a strong and firm property which makes artificial grass suitable for low impact activities that includes gardening and sports such as golf and tennis. Polyethylene (PE), however, is softer and more durable. Artificial grass made of Polyethylene (PE) is appropriate for high impact activities and is suitable to be used for playgrounds and sports fields because it reduces the risk of injuries.
When Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) are combined, the artificial grass produced is soft yet strong and more elastic, making it user-friendly and definitely safe to use.
Lightweight with gravity defying grass blades, Le Chime stays perky and is ideal for installation on vertical surfaces, walls and rooftops.
Stitch Rate: 18(±2) stitches, 10cm width
Designed for mini golf courses. Le Clubio's short and neatly groomed grass blades enable golf balls to roll a longer distance, enhancing the golfer's experience!
Stitch Rate: 31(±2) stitches, with a 10cm width

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
I'm reading Tintin in Tibet (The Adventures of Tintin)
I scanned it for Buddhist references. There is one scene with a stupa, that Captain Haddock wrecks when he bumps into it. Of course the setting in the mountains give it a sense of place.
They go to a monastery, where there are a bunch of monks. They have yellow hats, which makes them Gelugpa. One of the monks can levitate, and can sense where a person is from an article of clothing, and then denies it to be mysterious.
The Dali Lama said, "For many people around the world Tintin in Tibet was their first introduction to Tibet, the beauty of its landscape and its culture. And that is something that has passed down the generations," and he gave it an award.


text:
Here it is! I'm standing inside the light-house's First-order Fresnel Lens. The Henry-Lepaute optical company made it in France. This lens has 1,008 separate lenses and prisms, each was ground and polished by hand to exacting specifications and carefully mounted in a brass framework. It is six feet in diameter, seventeen feet high, and the entire lens weighs more than four tons. By the late 1880's a first-order-light apparatus cost about $4,250 to $8,400.
Today the lens has this electric lamp mechanism to light it. It was installed about 1926 when electricity became available to this part of the California coast. There are two 1,000-watt lamps in the fixture; one that would be in operation during the night, and a back-up lamp that would swing into place if the first one failed. These electric bulbs increased the light from the 160,000 candlepower of the earlier pressurized kerosene system, installed in about 1912, up to a blazing 680,000 candlepower!
This is a simple drawing of the lamp and lens equipment I worked with. Sorry to say the lamp is not around anymore either. It was a "Funck's Hydraulic Float Lamp" of the First-order. It was made of brass and glass and beautiful to see. It was named after Mr. Joseph Funck. He was the foreman of the Light-house establishment's workshops at the main depot on Staten Island, New York.
The First-order model had four concentric wicks to concentrate as much light as possible in the center of the lens. We would burn about 20 to 25 yards of each size wick every year. The sizes of the wicks were:
1 inch in the center
1 7/8 inch
2 11/16 inch
3 9/16 inches
Remember earlier when I talked about the lard oil that we had to carry up the stairs each night for the open burner lamp? This lamp used that lard oil. As you can see from the drawing, the lamp was much bigger than the electric equipment and was as tall as the interior of the lens. As impressive as it was, it only produced about 70,000 candlepower of light. This was far less than the later kerosene and electric lighting systems.
As usual, the Light-house establishment gave us very detailed instructions on how to light the lens. Here is a small sample of those instructions:
To light a lamp, commence by raising the wick about one-third of an inch above the top of the burner, and light it at two opposite points, using for that purpose the small hand lamp (Lucerne) specially designed for lighting.
As soon as the flame commences to rise all around, and before it begins to smoke, lower the wick, and place the chimney in its holder. At first keep the wick low and the chimney high; afterward raise the wick to its proper height, and lower the chimney to its position, in succession, until a clear white flame is obtained at such height as the description of lamp requires.
To light lamps with two or more concentric wicks, commence with the inner one, which should be lowered as much as possible (without risk of extinguishing the light) as soon as it has caught all around; follow that same course with the next wick; having lighted all the wicks in regular order as prescribed for the inner one, commence raising them gradually and lower the chimney at the same time.
The flame of a burner of two or more concentric wicks requires about half an hour to reach its full development. Having lighted all the wicks and lowered them as directed, place the glass chimney on the burner and put on the damper; and then raise the wicks gradually, using the chimney and damper for obtaining the best and highest possible flame. The greatest height of flames of Funck's float-lamp, with lard oil for a First-order lamp, was 4 inches.
If a wick is elevated above a proper point, the flame may grow larger, but it will be dull and red; if the error is in the contrary direction, the flame will continue to be white, but without attaining such a height as is desired. For a light-house, just being seen wasn't enough. You also had to be easily identified in some way. This was important so sailors on ships would know which light-house they were looking at. Not only was it important for a light-house to be seen, each light-house had to be uniquely identifiable. That's why these vertical panels of prisms and lenses are so important. This round lens called "bull's eyes" produces a shaft of light called "pencil beams." Remember I said earlier that this lens has 24 panels? The pencil beam created by the bull's eye in each of those panels produced 24 spokes of light from the lens.
Here's why it's important to turn the lens at a precise rate. The lens made one complete rotation every four minutes with its 24 spokes of light. If you were looking at the lens from a fixed position, you would see a "flash" every 10 seconds. Four minutes (240 seconds) divided by 24 panels/spokes of light means a spoke of light would go by you every ten seconds. A flash every ten seconds was, and still is, Pigeon Point's signature or "characteristic." In the 19th Century 17 different signatures were in use by light-houses on the West Coast of the United States.


text:
Scrabble word: DYSPEPSIA
In which Scrabble dictionary does DYSPEPSIA exist?
Definitions of DYSPEPSIA in dictionaries:
- noun - a disorder of digestive function characterized by discomfort or heartburn or nausea
- Disturbed digestion; indigestion.
There are 9 letters in DYSPEPSIA: A D E I P P S S Y
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to DYSPEPSIA
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word DYSPEPSIA plus a wildcard: DYSPEPSIA?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word DYSPEPSIA
9 letter words
7 letter words
6 letter words
5 letter words
4 letter words
3 letter words
2 letter words
Images for DYSPEPSIA
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players.


The basic idea behind good web design is to partition your web page into various sections and columns to give it a professional allure and to make it more user friendly. Creating columns in a page of a website is one of the techniques in helping you organizing the layout of your page. Here is an easy tutorial on how to put columns with Visual Composer:
1. Login to your WP Dashboard and go to Pages > Add New. Or you can go to your existing page. However, on this tutorial, we will use a new page.
2. Write a title of your page and click on Add Element
3. Click Row to add a row, then select 1/3 1/3 1/3 for now.
4. You should see now the 3 gray boxes with + buttons at the middle.
5. To insert content into it, click on the + button and choose Text Block.
6. You can now type your text and do some text alignment whenever needed. Then save it.
7. You also need to choose Full Width layout to display your columns in full page. You can find this below the editor window under Canvas Custom Settings.
8. Save it and your expected output should be like this:
Here is a short video tutorial on how to put columns into your page.


Difference Between AC & DC Coupling Oscilloscopes
By J.T. Barett
Close-up of an oscilloscope
luchschen/iStock/Getty Images
Most oscilloscopes have two types of input coupling to handle both alternating current and direct current signals; typically, a switch lets you select AC or DC to suit your measurement needs. When you set an input to DC coupling, the oscilloscope displays both AC and DC signals, although AC signals may pose a problem. By switching to AC coupling, the scope displays only AC signals; this simplifies measuring certain electronic circuits.
DC Coupling
The DC coupling setting provides a direct electrical path into the scope; it accepts all types of signals, including unchanging DC voltages, time-varying DC voltages, AC, and combinations of AC and DC. In the last case, technicians call it an AC signal with a DC offset. Sometimes, DC offsets can be bothersome; the total signal voltage may push the signal past the top or bottom of the display, hiding the parts you want to see. However, under most other circumstances, DC coupling is all you need.
AC Coupling
With AC coupling, the oscilloscope's input has a capacitor in the signal path, removing DC offset from any mixed signal and letting you see the AC part more easily. For example, some transistor and vacuum-tube amplifiers have a significant DC offset; removing it with AC coupling helps you troubleshoot these circuits. Although it is most helpful with mixed signals, AC coupling also works with pure AC signals. Because it blocks DC, it is not suitable for DC signals.
About the Author
Chicago native J.T. Barett has a Bachelor of Science in physics from Northeastern Illinois University and has been writing since 1991. He has contributed to "Foresight Update," a nanotechnology newsletter from the Foresight Institute. He also contributed to the book, "Nanotechnology: Molecular Speculations on Global Abundance."


text:
News From the Field
Fish Have Enormous Nutrient Impacts on Marine Ecosystems, Study Finds
December 11, 2012
Fish play a far more important role as contributors of nutrients to marine ecosystems than previously thought, according to researchers at the University of Georgia and Florida International University. In a pair of papers published in the journal Ecology, the researchers show that fish contribute more nutrients to their local ecosystems than any other source--enough to cause changes in the growth rates of the organisms at the base of the food web.
University of Georgia
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2012, its budget was $7.0 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 50,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $593 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
Get News Updates by Email
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page: _URL_
NSF News: _URL_
For the News Media: _URL_
Science and Engineering Statistics: _URL_
Awards Searches: _URL_


MapBoards Description
What is a map? A map is the arrangement of component bodies in a model on one or more targeted boards. The arrangement is done with copies of the bodies leaving the model in tact. Placement of the bodies is based on a tight retangular bounding box for the bodies. This provides quick results and resonable nesting.
View all available options here. Options
image


text:
Last week I wrote about my cracked iron and a desire for a tapered iron for my miter plane and J asked the following question:
I got similar queries from a few other people and the answer deserves a proper explanation:
A plane iron can be parallel, tapered so that the thick end is near the mouth, or tapered so that the thinner end is near the mouth (See picture).
If the iron is parallel the iron will stay put provided the force on the iron is less than the wedge force or the frictional force caused by the wedge bearing down on the iron. In general the friction force is going to be a lot less than the wedge force and depending on the iron and the fit of the wedge (very important) you might have to bang the wedge in pretty hard to keep the frictional force high enough so the iron stays put in use. The same force is needed to slide the iron in or out.
Japanese planes have a tapered iron with the cutting edge at the thin end. The iron is held by wedging it into notches at the side of the plane and it's the grain of the oak body that keeps the iron in place. This method of holding an iron in a plane is completely different from the Western approach.
The Western tapered iron is thicker at the cutting edge and works well because the iron is held in place by a mechanical interference between iron and wedge. There is no chance of the iron sliding so the force holding the iron in is purely a taper against the body of the plane, not parallel to the iron and is very strong. Most importantly the forces required to back off the iron are far greater than the force required to advance the iron. So a tap, tap on the back of the iron will advance the iron, and only a small tap on the wedge will lock it. Pushing back the other way takes more force. Try this and see - how hard it takes to advance a tapered iron vs the force needed to back it out.
Wedged infill planes pretty much disappear after the invention of the lever cap by Fenn in 1844. This allowed for using less expensive parallel irons, and it is far easier to fit a lever cap to a plane than a wedge. However I think adjusting a wedged plane is far easier. This changes again in 1913 when Norris introduced their adjuster. There is also an argument that a properly fitting wedge helps dampen vibration by clamping the iron over a much greater area than a lever cap. I want to think this is true but the thicker the plane iron is the less effect the wedge dampening would have.
|Comments are closed.|


text:
Monarch Butterfly Activities
Butterflies by the Beach Coloring Page
Monarch on Flower Coloring Page
National Geographic Kids Monarch Butterflies
Other Monarch Butterfly Activities:
Butterflies Puzzle-on-line jigsaw puzzle of a Monarch butterflies
Butterfly and Bug Drag & Drop and Slider Puzzles- a nice selection to choose from,
different levels of difficulties
Butterfly Post Cardssend a friend a butterfly card to make them smile
Butterfly Memory-find the matching butterflies
Butterfly Vocabulary-set up as a matching game, children match a word to its
meaning-this one is more for upper el students
Caterpillar Puzzle-on-line jigsaw puzzle of Monarch caterpillars
Concentration-match butterfly vocabularymore for upper el students
MazeUse your arrow keys to help the monarch butterfly find the milkweed.
Monarch Puzzle- 20 piece on-line jigsaw puzzle of a Monarch Butterfly
Paint a Butterfly On-Linepaint your very own butterfly! Great for
Primary Games brings you a 6 butterfly themed games-slider puzzle, jigsaws,
wordsearch, matching, tic-tac-toe and more!
NOTE: Most of the links above are from the Teacher's Mouse Pad web site.


text:
NAG Library Routine Document
S17AXF returns an array of values for the derivative of the Airy function.
||N, IVALID(N), IFAIL
S17AXF calculates an approximate value for the derivative of the Airy function for an array of arguments, for. It is based on a number of Chebyshev expansions.
are expansions in the variable
are expansions in
is an expansion in
is an expansion in
is an expansion in
For the square of the machine precision, the result is set directly to. This saves time and avoids possible underflows in calculation.
For large negative arguments, it becomes impossible to calculate a result for the oscillating function with any accuracy so the routine must fail. This occurs for, where is the machine precision.
For large positive arguments, where grows in an essentially exponential manner, there is a danger of overflow so the routine must fail.
Abramowitz M and Stegun I A (1972) Handbook of Mathematical Functions (3rd Edition) Dover Publications
- 1: N – INTEGERInput
On entry:, the number of points.
- 2: X(N) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput
On entry: the argument of the function, for.
- 3: F(N) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayOutput
On exit:, the function values.
- 4: IVALID(N) – INTEGER arrayOutput
contains the error code for
- No error.
- is too large and positive. contains zero. The threshold value is the same as for in S17AKF, as defined in the Users' Note for your implementation.
- is too large and negative. contains zero. The threshold value is the same as for in S17AKF, as defined in the Users' Note for your implementation.
- 5: IFAIL – INTEGERInput/Output
must be set to
. If you are unfamiliar with this parameter you should refer to Section 3.3
in the Essential Introduction for details.
For environments where it might be inappropriate to halt program execution when an error is detected, the value
is recommended. If the output of error messages is undesirable, then the value
is recommended. Otherwise, if you are not familiar with this parameter, the recommended value is
. When the value is used it is essential to test the value of IFAIL on exit.
unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see Section 6
6 Error Indicators and Warnings
If on entry
, explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by X04AAF
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
On entry, at least one value of X
for more information.
On entry,.
For negative arguments the function is oscillatory and hence absolute error is appropriate. In the positive region the function has essentially exponential behaviour and hence relative error is needed. The absolute error,
, and the relative error
, are related in principle to the relative error in the argument
In practice, approximate equality is the best that can be expected. When
is of the order of the machine precision
, the errors in the result will be somewhat larger.
For small, positive or negative, errors are strongly attenuated by the function and hence will effectively be bounded by the machine precision.
For moderate to large negative, the error is, like the function, oscillatory. However, the amplitude of the absolute error grows like. Therefore it becomes impossible to calculate the function with any accuracy if.
For large positive, the relative error amplification is considerable:. However, very large arguments are not possible due to the danger of overflow. Thus in practice the actual amplification that occurs is limited.
This example reads values of X
from a file, evaluates the function at each value of
and prints the results.
9.1 Program Text
Program Text (s17axfe.f90)
9.2 Program Data
Program Data (s17axfe.d)
9.3 Program Results
Program Results (s17axfe.r)


text:
Product Announcement from CyPower, LLC
The BMR453 is an isolated DC/DC converter capable of 400W or 33A of output in a quarter brick form factor. Unlike quarter brick analogue converters, the BMR453 achieves this power density while providing a very tight output voltage regulation over an input voltage range of 36 to 75V at efficiency levels in excess of 96 percent. It is the first DC/DC converter to offer this combination of performance and power density, making it a logical choice for high performance systems operating with 48/60 V battery backup power architectures. Including a bidirectional serial multi-node interface, PMBus, BMR453 offers an unprecedented level of communication between the power module and the system energy management controller, making it possible to monitor and control energy down to single board level.
The second series of 3E products, named BMR450 and BMR451, comprise of digital POL (point-of-load) regulators establishing an innovative approach to reach the goals of end-user value, flexibility and system performance.
The internal design of the 3E POL regulators uses digital power control techniques, and some of the optional user implementations of these products can benefit from utilization of system level digital power and energy management approaches. While these products can be successfully applied using the same techniques as with conventional fully analog POL regulators, it is beneficial for the customer to have access, through a PMBus interface, to critical information such as load condition, temperature, voltage and current delivered, and other parameters, making it possible to monitor the distributed energy down to processor level.
The BMR450 features a wide input voltage range, making it easier to operate under most of the common intermediate bus voltages i.e. 5V, 8V, and 12V. The output voltage range is adjustable, with an output current of 20A providing up to 100W of power. Offering high efficiency - typically 96.8% at half load, the BMR450 has a very small package size of 25.65 x 12.9 x 8.2mm (1.01 x 0.51 x 0.323in), and a high current density of 7.38A/cm3 (120A/in3). For a similar in/out performance, an analogue voltage regulator would offer a much-reduced figure of 2.37A/cm3 (43A/in3).
The BMR451 is a digitally controlled, non-isolated voltage regulator rated at 40A. Featuring a high current density of 7.90A/cm3 (129A/in3), it measures just 30.85 x 20 x 8.2mm (1.215 x 0.787 x 0.323in), offers a 4.5V to 14V input voltage range, a 0.6V to 3.6V output voltage range and an MTBF figure of 2.6 million hours.
To complement these products, an evaluation kit for the 3E DC/DC converter and voltage regulators that contains extensive Configuration Monitoring and Management (CMM) software on CD, USB Cables and instruction manuals is available through CyPower.


Judith's story
Creative Arts Therapist
Imagine you have been told you have terminal breast cancer.
You have a family. You have children. You have a life.
Time stops. Then it starts again, seemingly getting faster with each passing day.
How do you prepare to say goodbye to those you love? And more importantly, how do you impart a lifetime's worth of knowledge, advice, and love to your children and family?
Thanks to people like you, creative arts therapist Judith Gordon is able to offer support and guidance to women with terminal breast cancer as they make memory boxes for their family and friends.
Grief is not about forgetting the person who has died; it's about finding ways to remember them and take their memory forward," Judith said.
It can be difficult for children to hold on to their memories, so by putting together a Memory Box, mums can leave their children with stories, photos, much-loved items and reminders of their life together which they can keep forever.
Judith Gordon, creative arts therapist.
But making a memory box is often a challenging and deeply emotional experience.
"Facing the task of creating mementos for their children, family and friends can feel overwhelming for the mums and it is often hard to know where to start," Judith said.
"The aim of the Mum, Memories and Me program is to support women therapeutically and practically; I'm there to give them the support they need to start the project and to gain some peace around what is happening and how they're going to proceed going forward.
"It can be a challenging and emotional task but I feel like it is an honour to be trusted with such a gift as the opportunity to share in this very important task with them."
Mums often fill their memory boxes with letters/cards/gifts for major birthdays and milestone events, favourite recipes, photos, childhood items, 'mum's favourite things' and letters and messages of gratitude for family and friends.
"I usually like to give our mums little cards that start with a phrase such as "I love you because …" or "Remember when…" as it's often an easy way for them to start; it's quite a daunting process and many don't know how they want to do it," Judith said.
"These cards are also a nice memento of their hand writing. Some mums also write 'how to' manuals with their thoughts and ideas about a whole range of topics they'd want their children to know or their partner to remember when raising their children."
Judith also works with mums to record their biographies.
"Children may want to know things about mum's life before she was a mum and often they don't ask those questions until they're older so we record her story for if or when they want to read it.
"Our mums expressed a desire to create something that will bring comfort and happiness to their children when they need it, and I believe these memory boxes do just that."
Through your generous support, Mater Chicks in Pink continues to offer mothers diagnosed with terminal breast cancer a chance to create their own memory boxes.
Mater Chicks in Pink
By supporting Mater Chicks in Pink you'll be making an immediate impact on women being treated for breast cancer at Mater, by funding tangible and timely support services like counselling and mastectomy bras—at a time when they need it most. Your funds will also support the work of researchers at Mater Research, who are working on the causes of, and developing potentially life-saving treatment for breast cancer.


The role of men in contraception
Published: May 28, 2011
The only way to move forward in terms of family planning is to engage men in it.
In a constitutionally Islamic country riddled with contrasts, far away from the welfare model, perpetually confused on nearly all critical issues ranging from foreign policy to population planning, infamous for low status of women and girls and their social exclusion, and characterised by the dramatic capture of power elites in politics and development fields both, one wonders — what does the male role or involvement in family planning mean to Pakistan?
I tried to come up with a plausible definition of male involvement in family planning in 1999 after noticing its absence in the literature. It reads:
Male involvement in Family Planning (FP) includes, an interest of men in FP issues (indicated by their knowledge about it), a positive attitude towards it (indicated by their acceptance or approval), willingness to share responsibility for it (indicated by their actual adoption) and a willingness to share the power of decision making (indicated by them being prepared to discuss it with their spouses).
Contrary to the popular assumption, men are interested in matters of contraception. Worldwide scientific research has demonstrated that the following four reasons are most often given for involving men in reproductive health including FP:
1) Expanding the range of contraceptive options.
2) Supporting women's contraceptive use.
3) Preventing the spread of sexually transmitted infections.
4) Use the forum of reproductive health programmes to promote gender equality and the transformation of men's and women's social roles.
One can argue with the effectiveness and/or legitimacy of the reasons as a justification for including men, but it remains a fact that the implications of male involvement are broader than are often noted.
In developed countries, the efforts to involve men began as early as the late 1970s, with attempts to make women-oriented family planning clinics more inviting to men.
In developing countries, the tendency has been to exclude men from reproductive health especially FP work, other than vasectomy or condom distribution. Ironically, condoms are mostly distributed to women in South Asia rather than to men who still find it the hard to shop for them.
Pakistan, which is a signatory to nearly 12,000 international conventions and treaties, is also officially fully committed to the landmark International Conference on Population and Development's (ICPD) Goals and Targets 1994, that called for an understanding of men's and women's joint responsibilities, so that they could become equal partners in public and private life, and to encourage and enable men to take responsibility for their sexual and reproductive behaviour.
Health stays in the red
Pakistan's Maternal and Child Health indicators remain extremely poor as 25,000 to 30,000 women die from complications of pregnancy and child birth every year. Millions more suffer ill health and disability. One million children die before the age of five while 16,000 die in the first month after birth.
The health policy of 2009 by the Ministry of Health has clearly acknowledged that, in spite of some improvement since 1990, the health of the people of Pakistan lags far behind the rest of South Asia and the improvements have not kept up with the increasing GDP.
The magnitude of fissures in our social development sectors makes Pakistan a model case for economic growth without development, with an under-performing health care delivery system too. Further, the socio-cultural determinants of health, such as illiteracy, unemployment, gender inequality, social exclusion, food insecurity, rapid urbanisation, environmental degradation, natural disasters and lack of access to safe water and sanitation, aggravate Pakistan's poor health status.
Though these problems are recognised by the public officials in health and population sectors, they are yet to be addressed through realistic budgetary allocations and people-centred policies.
The performance indicators of the population programme, especially those in terms of strengthening family planning programmes to achieve its coverage and effectiveness and others relating to changing approach to delivering family planning services and improving the overall status of women and girls (irrespective of the lack of sharp focus on this particular dimension and adhocisms of such projects ) are dismal.
Increasing male involvement
Since ICPD 1994 till date, a number of public, private and voluntary sector initiatives have addressed the issue of male involvement in family planning and reproductive health in Pakistan, the sixth most populous country, and that too within the patriarchal society and bureaucratic apparatus that undoubtedly fosters gender biases at institutional level and consciously or unconsciously adheres to the theory and practice of social closures.
Despite all odds and losses, the only option is to move forward and that can be effectively achieved only by engaging men (who, whether feminists like it or not, are decision makers both at the household and policy levels) in such a way as to create new heights of empowerment for women rather than dependencies. There are no short cuts or magical recipes.
However, one starting point could be to popularise common knowledge or simple scientific doctrines that would ultimately lead to a transformation in the concept of hegemonic masculinity.
If this begins to happen, our young women will not suffer because of the demand of sons, and may be many mothers in Pakistan would no more be punished physically and emotionally or both against the "crime" of giving birth to daughters.
Dr Rakhshinda Perveen
Dr Rakhshinda Perveen
A civic entrepreneur and a non-elite gender activist.
 - Tahir
 For married men in poor countries, control over their fertility is essential from an economic standpoint (to stay out of poverty) and to avoid the up to 1-in-6 chance of losing their wives to death in childbirth. Cultural shifts and urbanization are also influencing desired family size. Pakistani men needs to be educated for thier positive contribuntion. Is "Withdrawal" not an indirect contraceptive, so why afraid of others?Recommend
 - Nida S.
 I agree. A few years ago, I was volunteering at PIMS in Islamabad, and I used to accompany doctors on their daily rounds. There was a woman who had just given birth to her 5th child, and she was in a really bad condition. She suffered from severe post-natal depression every time she gave birth, to the point that she would try to take her own life. The doctor I was with that day repeatedly asked her why she was doing this to herself and why she did not use contraception. Her answer was that her husband did not allow it. I remember at that point the doctor got so angry, he ordered her tubes to be tied up and said he would speak to the husband himself. I really hope he knocked some sense into the husband. Recommend
 - Disco Molvi
 The day the 'religiously sanctioned' mindset which teaches women that they are not in control of their bodies, instead their husbands are; when this is challenged, disowned and ultimately done away with, only then can there be hope of practicing of contraceptionRecommend
 - Columbus
 in countries like us, for the poor only economical entertainment is his wife and vice versa …. now think how much emphasis shall be given on educating male and female here on this issue…Recommend
 - Khalid Rahim
 TV and SEX are two entertainments allowed as Islamic by our religious teachers! Any other
 entertainment such as musical concerts, theatre, joint sports, etc are taboo. Specially with the power failure and no TV what can the couple in the village do or in a high rise building?Recommend
 - waqas
 Mothers are instructed to feed their milk to new born till baby turned two years, so automatically the gap of 2 years is minimum,so a good muslim husband should try to grab this atleast.
 And its ALLAH who is (RAZIQ) and HE provides food to every living thing,but the point is the character building is parents duty and they should take enough time and space to build a good muslim pimarily,which eventually ll be a good citizen.
 To fulfill their materialistic needs is not the only job of the parents as in most of the families parents think it the sole responsibility.Recommend
 - rhealyn
 this is one of the big issue in some conservative and third world countries such as the Philippines, until now the issue of using contraceptive (RH BILL) is still in on the congress..Recommend
 - Aaeisha Qureshi
 Planning is allowed and always done by each and every person in every field of life.ALLAH has asked to lookafter your family,its health, education and security.Males have more responsibility they have to look for the welfare as he is the decision maker.Decisions based on sound facts and evidence are always fruitful.Planning afamily is right of every male and female and. prevention is better than cure Family planning is cost effective and efficient way to improve the health of mother and child and thus less burden on men.Involving men is a good strategy. well informed men can make better decisionsRecommend
 - Jamil Ahmad Chitrali
 To me, we need to focus on integrating gender and Islam into Modernity and development. There were times when due to first hand information and direct contacts with the prophet numbers were counted more but its time now to revisit that thinking and focus more on quality and not quantity of muslims being produced. We also have to consider if Islam is only for men or women have thier share in it, if so, why not to encourage going to mosque with families. once this practice get started many things will get influenced….Recommend
 - Khalid Rahim
 _USER_ Ahmad Chitrali:
 Unfortunately the seeds that were sown by General Zia ul Haq and his coterie have now bloomed fully. Skill and Wisdom have been replaced by Egot


%A Mao Zu-Mei, Yang Ge, Wang Chang-Gui %T Studies on Chromosome Numbers and Anatomy of Young Branches of Calligonum of Xinjiang in Relation to the Evolution of Some Species of the Genus %0 Journal Article %D 1983 %J J Syst Evol %R %P 44-49 %V 21 %N 1 %U {_URL_ %8 1983-02-18 %X There are more than 20 species of Calligonum in China, of which 17 are known from Xinjiang. They are divided into four sections. This paper aims to study the evolutionary relations of some species of Calligonum in Xinjiang. The chromosome numbers of 13 species and the anatomic structures of young branch of 8 species have been examined. Among 13 species, the, basic chromosome number x=9.9 species are diploids. 4 species are tetraploids. The evolutionary relations of these plants are arranged as follows: Section Calligonum (Fisch. et Mey.) Borszcz. 1. C. junceum (Fisch. et Mey.) Litv. Section Pterococcus (Pall.) Borszcz. 2. C. leucocladum (Schrenk) Bge. 3. C. aphyllum (Pall.) Gürke. 4. C. rubicundum Bge. Section Calligonum ,. 5. C. cordatum Eug. Kor. 6. C. densum Borszcz. 7. C. klementzii A. Los. Section Medusa Sosk et Alexandra 8. C. mongolicum Turcz. 9. C. pumilum A. Los. 10. C. ebi-nuricum Ivanova 11. C. arborescens Litv. 12. C. caput-medusae Schrenk 13.C. roborovskii A. Los.


text:
Fairways Debt enables you to create filters to refine item lists. Filters can be applied at three levels:
- Personal: The filters you create are only visible to yourself, i.e. your filters.
- Organization: The filters created are visible to all users of that organization. Only administrator users are able to create organization filters.
- Common: Similar to organization filters, but implemented by developers, and therefore not editable by any users.
As an end user, you can:
- Create, edit, and delete personal filters
- Enable and disable organizational filters
- Enable and disable common filters
- Filter transactions
As an account administrator, you can:
- Create, edit, and delete organizational filters
See the Filters section for more details.


Question: How Do I Change The Thickness Of A Line In Ggplot2?
How do I change the thickness of a line in R?
Adjust the R line thickness by specifying the options lwd (base plot) and size (ggplot2).
Change manually the appearance (linetype, color and size) of ggplot lines by using, respectively, the function scale_linetype_manual(), scale_color_manual() and scale_size_manual()..
How do I change the legend title in ggplot2?
Changing legend titles with guides Another way to change legend titles is to use guides() function in ggplot2. Here, guides() function can take two legend titles as arguments. We use guide_legend() to specify the new title we want one for size and other for color.
How do you remove a legend label without deleting the data series?
Replies (1)  In Excel 2016 it is same, but you need to click twice. – Then click on the specific legend which you want to remove. – And then press DELETE.
What is chart legend?
A Legend is a representation of legend keys or entries on the plotted area of chart or graph which are linked to the data table of the chart or graph. By default, it may show in the bottom or right side of the chart. The data in a chart is organized with the combination of Series and Categories.
How do I change axis labels in R?
Key ggplot2 R functionsp + xlab("New X axis label"): Change the X axis label.p + ylab("New Y axis label"): Change the Y axis label.p + labs(x = "New X axis label", y = "New Y axis label"): Change both x and y axis labels.Nov 12, 2018
How do I add a legend in ggplot2?
You can place the legend literally anywhere. To put it around the chart, use the legend. position option and specify top, right, bottom, or left. To put it inside the plot area, specify a vector of length 2, both values going between 0 and 1 and giving the x and y coordinates.
What does Lty mean in R?
line typeLinesoptiondescriptionltyline type. see the chart below.lwdline width relative to the default (default=1). 2 is twice as wide.
How do I change my legend title?
Select your chart in Excel, and click Design > Select Data.Click on the legend name you want to change in the Select Data Source dialog box, and click Edit. … Type a legend name into the Series name text box, and click OK.
How do you remove a legend from a chart?
Tip: To quickly remove a legend or a legend entry from a chart, you can select it, and then press DELETE. You can also right-click the legend or a legend entry, and then click Delete. To display a legend, click the display option that you want.
How do I reduce the size of a legend in R?
By default, the area covered by legends for a plot created by using plot function is of full size that is 1 (the area size has a range of 0 to 1, where 1 refers to the full size and 0 refers to none). To reduce the size, we can use cex argument with the legend function as shown in the below example.
What is a legend in R?
To add legends to plots in R, the R legend() function can be used. A simplified format of the function is : legend(x, y=NULL, legend, fill, col, bg) x and y : the x and y co-ordinates to be used to position the legend. legend : the text of the legend. fill : colors to use for filling the boxes beside the legend text.
How do I change the legend title in R?
Key ggplot2 R functionsp + labs(). Change legend title. … p + theme(…). Change legend theme: background color, legend box border, font size and color.p + scale_x_discrete(limits = c("2", "0.5", "1")). Change the order of the item in the legend.p + scale_fill_discrete(name = "Dose", labels = c("A", "B", "C")). … guides().Nov 13, 2018
Can we change the thickness of the line?
Right-click the line you want to change and click Properties. Under Line, choose a color from the Color list and a line thickness from the Line list.
How do you add a legend to a title in Matlab?
To add a legend title, set the String property of the legend text object. To change the title appearance, such as the font style or color, set legend text properties. For a list, see Text Properties. plot(rand(3)); lgd = legend('line 1′,'line 2′,'line 3'); lgd.
How do you plot a thick line in Matlab?
Use the "hold on" command to plot the two lines separately. Specify the line width by setting the "LineWidth" property a name-value pair.
How do I center a title in ggplot2?
The default ggplot title alignment is not centered. It is on the left. It's possible to put the title in the middle of the chart by specifying the argument hjust = 0.5 in the function element_text() : p + theme(plot. title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)).
What does Geom_smooth do in R?
Key R function: geom_smooth() for adding smoothed conditional means / regression line. Key arguments: color, size and linetype : Change the line color, size and type. fill : Change the fill color of the confidence region.
How do I save a Ggplot as PDF?
You can either print directly a ggplot into PNG/PDF files or use the convenient function ggsave() for saving a ggplot. The default of ggsave() is to export the last plot that you displayed, using the size of the current graphics device. It also guesses the type of graphics device from the extension.
How do you add a legend in R?
This page aims to explain how to add a legend to a plot made in base R. It is done using the legend() function….Add a legend to a base R chartlegend : names to display.bty : type of box around the legend. … horiz : legend in column or in row.col : symbol color.pch : symbol type. … pt. … cex : text size.More items…
How do I change the thickness of a line in Matplotlib?
You can set the width of the plot line using the linewidth parameter. For the default plot the line width is in pixels, so you will typically use 1 for a thin line, 2 for a medium line, 4 for a thick line, or more if you want a really thick line. You can set the line style using the linestyle parameter.
Which button is used to change the thickness of a line in computer?
Use CTRL plus + to change the curve thickness up by one pixel.


text:
Microsoft has published the Exchange 2010 SP1 Virtual Server for Download on a 60 trial activation. This gives administrators the ability to test drive the functionality before implementing the changes in a production environment.
See the Download page here: Exchange 2010 SP1 VHD
The evaluation period for this virtual machine image ends 180 days after the image has been activated. After the 180 days, the evaluation period is over and the image should be discarded.
For complete use-rights, please refer to the EULA contained within this evaluation package.
· Do not redistribute this image.
· Do not put this image into a production environment.
· It is recommended not to join this image to a corporate network.
· If you choose to join this image to an external network, you should immediately download updates and security patches for the operating system and all applications.
In order to use this evaluation package you will need to have Microsoft Hyper-V installed on a physical machine.
Hyper-V is available on Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2, and the details on how to install Hyper-V can be found here.
Getting Started in Hyper-V
The evaluation package referenced in this document includes a number of pre-configured virtual machine that you will use to run your evaluation
The above table includes the file necessary to deploy this evaluation image. The file was extracted into the same folder as this document when you ran the installer.
In order to use this evaluation you need to add this package as a new virtual machine to your Hyper-V installation. To do this, perform the following steps from the administration console of your Virtual Server:
· Add the virtual machine to Hyper-V Manager
· Launch the virtual machine
· Configuring virtual networks
· Activate Windows Server 2008 R2
1. Open Hyper-V Manager. Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Hyper-V Manager.
2. If you are not already connected to the server that owns the shared storage, connect to that server.
3. From the Action pane, click Import Virtual Machine.
4. Click Browse and select the folder SLC-DC01 in the Import Virtual Machine popup screen.
5. Click Import and then click close.
1. Once you go through the steps in Add the virtual machine to your Hyper-V manager, the virtual machine you added will be listed under the Virtual Machines pane.
2. Right-Click on the virtual machine and click Start.
- Open Hyper-V Manager.
- From the Actions menu, click Virtual Network Manager.
- Under Create virtual network, select the type of network you want to create. The types of network are External, Internal, and Private. Note: You'll need to select "External" to perform the activation step next.
- Click Add. The New Virtual Network page appears.
Type a name for the new network. Review the other properties and modify them if necessary.
Activate Windows Server 2008 R2 (for 180 day eval)
- If SLC-DC01 is not started at this time, right click SLC-DC01, In the Hyper-V Manager, and choose Start.
- Once it is started, double-click SLC-DC01 to open the window. At the logon prompt, logon using the Username and Password below. Note: There will be a pause while the VM installs the new hardware and assigns a DHCP address from your network.
- Click Start, right-click Computer, and then click Properties.
- In the System Properties window, click Activate, in the Windows Activation section. Choose the option to Activate over the internet, when prompted.
- Once activated, click Start and then Shutdown.
- Once the VM is shutdown, you can perform two optional steps:
- Change your network adapter type from External to Internal or Private, by bringing up the properties of the network adapter in the Virtual Network Manager under the Actions menu.
- Take a snapshot of your virtual machine by right-clicking SLC-DC01 in the Hyper-V Management console and choosing Snapshot.
Use the following information to log on to Microsoft Windows contained within the virtual machine
· Username: contoso\Administrator
· Password: pass@word1
This image contains Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition installed using a default configuration. No optional components are included.


text:
A Study on the Application of Food Sovereignty in International Law
The purpose of the present investigation will be to analyse Food Sovereignty in the light of international law. It constitutes at its heart a legal analysis of this concept, observing exactly how it has been developed until the present moment. By so doing, we will be capable of familiarising ourselves with its legal strengths and inconsistencies, along with showing what might be the way to take so that its proposals and aims obtain the greatest possible legal viability. The complete legal construction of Food Sovereignty has not been carried out. Moreover, one can say that the movement for the defence of Food Sovereignty has focused above all on constructing a discourse of a political nature. It is desired to achieve a ruling as detailed and broad as the program that defends Food Sovereignty, it is worthwhile to propose the creation of a branch within international law, which could be denoted as International Law for the Rural World. Especially as the preoccupation for rural territories is the element that is present in every aspect of this broad political program that defends Food Sovereignty.
Open Access Creative Commons


Olympus E-1
Single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras with interchangeable lenses are popular with serious amateur and professional photographers. Unfortunately, digital SLR cameras are very susceptible to dust. And if dust particles get inside the camera while you're changing lenses, they can stick to the image sensor and show up as dark spots in every photo you take.Shake It Off
Once dust sneaks into your camera, it will stay there until it is removed. Since digital image sensors are very delicate, some camera manufacturers recommend that shutterbugs bring dirty cameras into a service center for cleaning. As a result, many SLR users are reluctant to change lenses, especially when shooting in windy or dusty conditions. This, of course, detracts from their cameras' versatility.
The new Olympus E-1 digital SLR camera tackles the dust problem head-on with its Olympus Supersonic Wave Filter. The front of the E-1's image sensor is protected from dust by a movable membrane connected to an ultrasonic transducer. During the camera's power-up cycle, the transducer vibrates the membrane at ultrasonic speeds. The motion of the membrane shakes off any dust, which is captured by a piece of sticky tape.
During our recent testing of the E-1, we took thousands of pictures with dozens of lens changes without a single dust spot in any of our images. Now there's no excuse for not cleaning up your photos.


text:
More from DANONE:APTAMIL
Aptamil Advance Kid Next Generation Growing Up Formula Milk Powder Stage 4 3-6 Year 400g
Pack size : 400g
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Also known as powdered milk or formula milk for babies, it is obtained by vaporizing the liquid milk. It is solely made to fulfil the nutritional requirements of infants.
Milk powder for babies is a common substitute for breast milk. Also known as powdered milk or formula milk for babies, it is obtained by vaporizing the liquid milk. It is solely made to fulfil the nutritional requirements of infants.
Average Nutritional Value As Per 100g
*Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calaries needs
Skimmed Milk● Lactose (From Cow's Milk)● Vegetable Oil (Palm Oil● Coconut Oil● Rapeseed Oil● Sunflower Oil● High Oleic Sunflower Oil)● Demineralized Whey (From Cow's Milk)● Galacto-Oligosaccharide (From Cow's Milk)● Maltodextrin● Whey Protein Concentrate (From Cow's Milk)● Fructo-Oligosaccharides● Fish Oil● Potassium Citrate● Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate● Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate● L-Ascorbic Acid● Emulsifier● Soy Lecithin● Sodium Citrate● Vanillin● Inositol● Potassium Chloride● Ferrous Sulphate● Magnesium Chloride● Choline Chloride● Calcium Carbonate● Sodium L-Ascorbate● Zinc Sulphate● L-Carnitine● Calcium D-Pantothenate● Antioxidant● Ascorbyl Palmitate● Nicotinamide● Dl-Α Tocopheryl Acetate● Retinyl Palmitate● Dl -Α-Tocopherol● Thiamin Hydrochloride● Pyridoxin Hydrochloride● Riboflavin● Pteroylmonoglutamic Acid● Potassium Iodide● Manganese Sulphate● Phytomenadione● D-Biotin● Cholecalciferol● Cyanocobalamin.
Store in a cool and dry place.
Aptamil contains balanced, age appropriate nutrients to support overall growth and development of babies. Aptamil is produced exclusively by our Nutricia factories. For over 100 years Nutricia has been at the forefront of innovation in infant nutrition, Nutricia family believes that breast milk is the best for infants.


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Marco Tamborini teaches history and philosophy of science at the Technical University of Darmstadt and is a member of the Junge Akademie | Mainz at the Academy of Sciences and Literature | Mainz, as well as fellow of the Johanna Quandt Young Academy at Goethe. His research focuses on the history and philosophy of biology, technoscience, and architecture from the nineteenth century to the present.
In the final decades of the twentieth century, the advent of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) offered a revolutionary new perspective that transformed the classical neo-Darwinian, gene-centered study of evolution. In The Architecture of Evolution, Marco Tamborini demonstrates how this radical innovation was made possible by the largely forgotten study of morphology. Despite the key role morphology played in the development of evolutionary biology since the 1940s, the architecture of organisms was excluded from the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis. And yet, from the beginning of the twentieth century to the 1970s and '80s, morphologists sought to understand how organisms were built and how organismal forms could be generated and controlled. The generation of organic form was, they believed, essential to understanding the mechanisms of evolution. Tamborini explores how the development of evo-devo and the recent organismal turn in biology involved not only the work of morphologists but those outside the biological community with whom they exchanged their data, knowledge, and practices. Together with architects and engineers, they worked to establish a mathematical and theoretical basis for the study of organic form as a mode of construction, developing and reinterpreting important notions that would play a central role in the development of evolutionary developmental biology in the late 1980s. This book sheds light not only on the interdisciplinary basis for many of the key concepts in current developmental biology but also on contributions to the study of organic form outside the English-speaking world.


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|Leaf Identification / II
To the left, you can see leaves from three different
types of oak trees. The Pin Oak, Quercus
palustris, is found in the northern part of the U.S. and southern Canada,
in lowland areas with moderate shade. Its leaves are usually 3" to 4" with
5 lobes and a wedge-shaped base. The Jack Oak,
ellipsoidalis, is found on higher ground and its lower branches are
usually dead. It has dark green leaves and the tree has an overall untidy
look. The Scarlet Oak, Quercus coccinea,
grows in sandy or gravelly areas. Looking at its leaves you will
find a thin, delicate blade with lobes that sometimes almost enclose oval
spaces. The mid-rib of the leaf is yellow.
the right you can see two leaves from walnut trees. Leaflets arranged along
opposite sides of the stem like these are called pinnate
compound leaves (for more information,
see Leaf Terms). The Black
Walnut, Juglans nigra, is found
on high ground over a vast majority of the United States. It is somtimes
missing the end leaflet, and all the side leaflets are attached to the
stem at an angle. The Butternut White Walnut,
cinerea, has an end leaflet, and its side leaflets are attached to
the stem perpendicularly.
Leaf ID III
Illustrations from Tree Finder by May Theilgaard Watts (c) 1963, 1991 Nature Study Guild, used by permission.


Research on Laser Welding Technology of Aluminum Alloy Filter for Vehicle
专栏：Industry information
发布日期：2017-09-14
阅读量：864
作者：佚名
收藏：
Saving energy and reducing environmental pollution are urgent problems facing the transportation industry in all countries of the world. To solve this problem, various light alloys (such as ..........
Saving energy and reducing environmental pollution are urgent problems facing the transportation industry in all countries of the world. To solve this problem, various light alloys (such as aluminum and magnesium alloys) are increasingly used in transportation vehicles. Among them, aluminum alloy has very good physical and mechanical properties, and is light in weight, and has been widely used in the automobile manufacturing industry, among which the filter is one of the more typical applications. Since the chemical activity of the aluminum alloy is very strong, the surface is easily formed into an oxide film and has refractory properties, and the aluminum alloy has high thermal conductivity, which is liable to cause non-fusion phenomenon during welding; at the same time, the oxide film can absorb more water, thereby The formation of the weld pores; in addition, the aluminum alloy has a large coefficient of linear expansion, strong thermal conductivity, and is prone to undercut, warpage and other defects during welding, and the mechanical properties of the joint after welding are degraded. When welding aluminum alloy by conventional argon arc welding (TIG) and inert gas fusion grade arc (MIG) method, problems such as porosity, welding crack and large welding deformation are easily caused, which restricts its application in industry. Compared with conventional welding methods, laser welding is a sophisticated welding method with many functions, adaptability and reliability, and is easy to automate. Due to the high power density of the laser, the heat input is low during welding. On the basis of ensuring the penetration depth, the welding heat affected zone is small, the welding deformation is small, and the laser welding does not require a vacuum device, so the laser welding has high quality, high precision and speed. High features. At the same time, with the continuous development of high-power, high-performance laser processing equipment, aluminum alloy laser welding technology has been widely used in the automotive industry.
In this paper, the automotive aluminum alloy filter is taken as the research object, and the process points and related influencing factors of the aluminum alloy filter welding for the vehicle are analyzed. The weld seam of the filter is a ring weld, and the joint is docked at the bottom of the lock. The weld is required to be uniform and beautiful. The weld width is more than 2 mm and the penetration depth is over 1.5 mm. The sample is shown in Figure 1.
车用铝合金滤清器激光焊接工艺研究
Figure 1 sample
1 Equipment, materials and methods
Equipment: Trumpf 3001 laser and soldering head (optical configuration: focusing lens focal length is 300mm, collimating mirror 200mm, fiber core diameter 300μm), as shown in Figure 2;
车用铝合金滤清器激光焊接工艺研究
Figure 2 Trumpf laser and solder joint
Material: 6 series aluminum alloy;
Method: The laser welding head is not moved at a fixed position, and the workpiece is rotated around the fixed shaft to realize the welding of the ring weld. The welding process is protected by a high-purity Ar gas.
2 problems that are easy to occur in the welding process
1. The problem caused by the blowing of the protective gas: When the protective gas is blown in the same direction as the rotating direction of the workpiece, that is, the protective gas is blown after the protective gas, the protective gas in the welding process cannot timely discharge the air at the weld to be welded, which may lead to welding. The mixing of the air in the process makes the weld extremely oxidizable, and the surface of the weld after welding is black and poorly formed (as shown in Figure 3).
车用铝合金滤清器激光焊接工艺研究
Figure 3: The shape of the weld bead that is formed in the same direction as the direction of rotation of the workpiece.
2, the use of small diameter air pipe leads to a narrow protection range, and the gas blown per unit area is too large: if the inner diameter is 4mm single copper tube protection gas protection, and the sample is placed vertically (as shown in Figure 4) Due to the large fluidity of the liquid aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy in the molten pool is easy to flow downward in the direction of gravity under the action of the protective gas blowing force and its own gravity, resulting in the collapse of the weld after welding (as shown in Figure 5). . In addition, the small inner diameter copper tube has a small gas blowing area and a large gas blowing force, which is also liable to cause unstable weld bead formation.
车用铝合金滤清器激光焊接工艺研究
3, the shielding gas is not pure, resulting in local oxidation of the weld, the surface is yellow: because the chemical properties of the aluminum alloy are more active, it is easy to oxidize at high temperature, so the high-purity argon gas should be used when welding the aluminum alloy filter (purity 99.99) %), when protected by pure argon (purity 99.9%), due to the intrusion of gas impurities during high-temperature welding, localized oxidation of the weld or even poor welding, as shown in Fig. 6.
车用铝合金滤清器激光焊接工艺研究
Figure 6: Weld seam failure caused by impure gas
4. Poor welding caused by mismatch of process parameters: Laser welding is divided into thermal conductive welding (power density between 105 W/cm2 and 106 W/cm2) and deep fusion welding according to the depth of penetration (power density is 106 W) / cm2 —— between 107 W/cm2), the shallow metal in the thermal welding is mainly heated by the downward heat transfer after the surface absorbs the laser energy, and the formed weld is nearly semi-circular, and the weld penetration is shallow. . The appearance of small holes in the laser welding process can greatly improve the absorption rate of the material by the laser. The small hole as a black body can obtain more energy coupling of the weldment, which is a prerequisite for obtaining good welding quality. The aluminum alloy has a very high initial reflectivity to the laser, the reflectivity to the CO 2 laser beam is up to 96%, and the reflectance to the Nd:YAG laser beam is also close to 80%. The thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy is about 3 times that of ordinary medium carbon steel at room temperature. Therefore, in the process of actually welding aluminum alloy, it is necessary to ensure sufficient laser power to obtain the required penetration depth. In the laser welding of different aluminum alloys, a laser energy density threshold is found. If it is lower than this value, the weldment only has surface melting, the welding is carried out in a heat conduction type, the penetration depth is very shallow, and only a laser impact mark is formed on the surface. Once this value is reached or exceeded, the plasma is generated and small holes are induced at the same time, and the penetration depth is greatly increased. Therefore, if the aluminum alloy laser welding wants to achieve the deep fusion welding effect, it needs to reach a certain power value. However, the power cannot be made large, which may cause the weld bead to be recessed due to excessive heat input, and the undercut is serious, as shown in Fig. 7a. When the energy is less than the laser energy density threshold, a significant heat conduction weld appearance will appear, as shown in Figure 7b.
车用铝合金滤清器激光焊接工艺研究
Figure 7 Effect of laser power on weld formation
3 Solutions and results
1. For the problem that the protective gas blowing force is too large and the blowing area is too small, the molten pool is unstable and the weld protection range is too narrow, the protective gas pipe (diameter 9 mm) with a larger inner diameter is used instead, as shown in Fig. 8. The gas pipe can weaken the interference of the gas on the formation of the molten pool under the premise of forming a large protection range for the molten pool.
车用铝合金滤清器激光焊接工艺研究
Figure 8 Large diameter air tube protection
2. In order to meet the requirements of uniform and beautiful appearance of the weld surface and the melting width of 2mm or more, slow speed and defocus welding are adopted. In addition, during the welding process, the uphill adjustment time is 100ms and the downhill adjustment time is 300ms to reduce the crater formed at the arcing.
The parameters of Table 1 are selected as the optimized welding process parameters. The post-weld samples are shown in Figure 9, and the arc-like appearance is shown in Figure 10. The surface morphology and cross-sectional morphology of the weld are shown in Figures 11 and 12, respectively.
车用铝合金滤清器激光焊接工艺研究
As can be seen from Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, the weld surface forms a fine and uniform fish scale pattern, and there are no defects such as surface cracks and pores, and the arc crater is greatly reduced. It can be detected from


So, how did we get to where we are now?
A confident woman.
A confident woman. (Pexels photo/stock image)
Straight hair: The new ideal
From mid-1870 to 1880, Black people began to style their hair to look more like white people, as it helped them to be more accepted, one writer said -- adding that with this straight hair, Black people were considered better suited to white American culture.
Also, straighter hair helped Black women to defy their past lives, sometimes as slaves who had to work in the fields.
The hair relaxer, credited to Garrett Morgan in 1877, and the hot comb, credited to French hairdresser Marcel Grateau in 1872, temporarily straightened out curly and kinky textures. Those with straighter hair were sometimes given more preferential treatment, which accelerated the popularity of hot combs.
By early 1900, the concept of Black people striving to fit white ideals was becoming more widely seen.
In 1954, the first commercial at-home hair "permanent" (now called a "perm" or "relaxer") was introduced for Black men to straighten their hair themselves. Women were quickly introduced to this treatment on a large scale, as well. A similar treatment, called a Jheri curl (or curly perm), emerged and became wildly popular around 1970.
The fight of the conscious few
Many public figures also displayed their acceptance of their hair in its natural state, such as actress Cicely Tyson with cornrows in "East Side/West Side," and activist Angela Davis with an afro during the Black Power movement.
The Black hair industry 'boom'
From mid-1980 to late 1990, in addition to braids, cornrows and box-cuts, a new major trend emerged on the scene that would forever change the face of the Black hair care industry: the weave.
By 2000, a greater diversity in hairstyles could be seen throughout the community. Men began to greatly embrace cornrows and locks. Women could be seen experimenting with new colors, styles, devices and techniques. Black hair care quickly rose and became a multi-billion dollar industry.
Chris Rock's 2009 film titled "Good Hair" exposed many truths and complexities of Black hair care as an industry, and the ways that it affects the identity of African Americans individually and collectively.
Getting back to natural
As African-American men and women become more disillusioned with harmful chemical treatments, like relaxers, damaging weaves, heat tools and poor hair care practices, a desire to care for the hair in its natural state is returning. The need for products made especially for kinky-curly hair is now being met by Black-owned businesses such as Carol's Daughter, founded in 1993 by Lisa Price, which now sells millions of dollars of product every year worldwide.
Today, millions of women and men are choosing to wear their natural hair.
The advent of widespread internet access and social media has also set the stage for communities of men and women from all over the world to learn and explore natural beauty together. Local support groups are sprouting up, Black-owned hair care businesses continue to emerge, and kinky-curly hair is now becoming more widely accepted in the mainstream media.
The face and cultural significance of Black hair care and acceptance continues to evolve at a tremendous pace.


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Developing Functional Classification and Retention Schedules
Every good records management program is built on two crucial components: a functional classification system and a retention schedule. Both are critical if you want to get all the benefits of good records management.
Creating and implementing them is a challenge for many organisations though, because the process can be resource intensive. That's where DATAFILE comes in. Our consultants have extensive experience developing functional classification systems and retention schedules across all industries and verticals.
This is a system which allows you to properly organise your records based on what your business does. This helps with everything from managing risk and compliance to improving access and collaboration, as well as reducing unnecessary duplication of documents.
Creating the right system means taking a holistic view of your RM program with respect to your business activities and the records, both paper and electronic, that support them.
Here's a quick overview of DATAFILE's process for creating a functional classification system:
- Interview staff and review existing material to learn more about the organisation and the information it creates
- Identify and name unique business activities
- Group activities together based on functions
- Apply the resulting functional classification system to every piece of information that is created
Records Retention Schedules
The challenge when it comes to creating a retention schedule, whether you are using electronic records, paper records, or a hybrid of the two, lies in creating a schedule that covers all the regulatory and legal requirements, and then applying it to all your RM functions. This can be very time consuming, and requires deep records management knowledge, especially if you need to apply it to RM software or an electronic content management system.
Here's a quick overview of our approach to creating a retention schedule:
- Start with extensive research into the relevant legal requirements
- Evaluate legal citations and operational requirements
- Apply retention periods to activities identified in your functional classification system
- Map the resulting retention schedule to the classification system, which allows us to identify all your records
- Comprehensive programs are simultaneously developed outlining everything from:
- Duplication and dispersal requirements
- Storage and access restrictions
- Eventual destruction of records as outlined by a retention schedule


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It is the alkaline refractory products. It is generally produced by the sintered magnesia sand (MgO content 89%~92%) and the chrome ore as the raw material.
The content of Cr2O3 ≥ 8% is called magnesia chrome brick. When the Cr2O3 content no less than 20%,they are called chrome magnesia bricks.
The magnesia chrome brick we are known, commonly refers the magnesia bricks sintered by the light burned magnesia and imported chrome ore, it is also be known as ordinary sintered magnesia chrome brick, magnesia chrome brick in short.
The main crystalline phases of it is magnesite and magnesium-chromium spinel, it is burned at 1600~1800℃ in oxidizing atmosphere, it can also make the unfired brick with the binder such as sodium silicate.
Magnesium-chrome brick is the largest characterized of it is strong resistance to chemical erosion, high refractoriness resistance (fire resistance), high temperature strength, they are suitable for the burning part of the stable rotation thermal condition rotary kiln. But it also have the weaknesses. Such as large coefficient of thermal expansion, poor cold and heat resistance, difficulty in masonry and discomfort in the new production of rotary kiln or frequently running and off kiln.
There also different kinds of magnesia chrome bricks, According to the binding mode, it can be divided into ordinary, directly bonded, re-bonded, semi-re-bonded, etc.
- Commom: Raw material purity is not high, using light burned magnesia, and the sintering temperature at 1550℃.Made directly from magnesia and chrome ore. The strength is low at the high temperature, the slag resistance also not good enough. with the developing of the enhanced smelting technology of non-ferrous metals, the ordinary magnesia chrome brick have phased out.
- Directly bonded: The lower content of impurity SiO2 and CaO in brick. and the sintering temperature also higher at 1700℃.Directly bonded magnesia chrome brick with the characteristic of high melting point minerals, and the high temperature performance, erosion resistance and scouring resistance are all better than ordinary magnesia chrome brick.
- Fused Rebonded: Made by the fused magnesia chrome materials, the much less impurity content, and the higher sintering temperature above 1750℃,Effectively improve the scouring resistance ability.
- Fused Semi-rebond: It made of synthetic raw materials as aggregate, chrome ore concentrate and magnesia as the fine powder has a good thermal shock resistance performance.


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The Chronicle of Higher Education this week ponders why various universities have taken no action against the academic researchers who co-authored the notorious Paxil study that formed the crux of GlaxoSmithKline's recent $3 billion settlement with the Department of Justice — read more about that case here. The Chronicle article noted that even before federal prosecutors sued GlaxoSmithKline, others (including myself in researching Side Effects) had unearthed evidence that Paxil study 329 "constituted scientific fraud." But neither the journal that published the Paxil paper or academia have done anything to sanction the researchers involved. As the Chronicle reported:
And yet for years, the publisher of the article, the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the universities whose researchers' names were on it resisted calls to retract the study and publicly rebuke its "authors."
The Chronicle specifically mentions the lead author of study 329, Dr. Martin Keller, then chief of psychiatry at Brown University (who features prominently in Side Effects), and reports that the new president of Brown, Christina H. Paxson, doesn't see any reason for further action against Keller (he stepped down as chair a year after my book came out). Other universities with which Keller's co-authors are affiliated expressed much the same indifference. As Chronicle reporter Paul Basken noted:
Universities could act on their own to demand that the journal retract the article, said Fiona Godlee, editor in chief of BMJ, another leading medical journal. But, she said, "it is proving hard to get those who should do something to act."
In the meantime, several of the authors on the Paxil study (including Keller) are still bringing large federal grants to their universities. Perhaps this explains why the universities involved have been sitting on their hands. They don't want to jeopardize such a lucrative source of funding and are willing to compromise their moral scruples to keep those coffers full. But it doesn't explain why the NIH hasn't sanctioned the researchers or taken away their grants. One can only hope that this latest inquiry, published in the must-read publication for academia, will finally toggle the moral compass of a few federal and university officials.