.
SQLData | CustomDatum | OraData Choose the mechanism for creating the Java instance of the type. SQLData, CustomDatum, and OraData are the interfaces that determine which mechanism will be used.
See Also:
Oracle Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference for information about these three interfaces and SQLJ Object Type Example
element_spec
The element_spec lets you specify each attribute of the object type.
attribute
For attribute, specify the name of an object attribute. Attributes are data items with a name and a type specifier that form the structure of the object. You must specify at least one attribute for each object type.
If you are creating a subtype, then the attribute name cannot be the same as any attribute or method name declared in the supertype chain.
datatype
For datatype, specify the database built-in data type or user-defined type of the attribute.
Restrictions on Attribute Data Types Attribute data types are subject to the following restrictions:
 - You cannot specify attributes of type ROWID, LONG, or LONG RAW.
 - You cannot specify a data type of UROWID for a user-defined object type.
 - If you specify an object of type REF, then the target object must have an object identifier.
 - If you are creating a collection type for use as a nested table or varray column of a table, then you cannot specify attributes of type ANYTYPE, ANYDATA, or ANYDATASET.
See Also:
Chapter 3, "PL/SQL Data Types," for a list of valid data types
sqlj_object_type_attr
This clause is valid only if you have specified the sqlj_object_type clause to map a Java class to a SQLJ object type. Specify the external name of the Java field that corresponds to the attribute of the SQLJ object type. The Java field_name must already exist in the class. You cannot map a Java field_name to more than one SQLJ object type attribute in the same type hierarchy.
This clause is optional when you create a SQLJ object type.
subprogram_spec
The subprogram_spec lets you associate a procedure subprogram with the object type.
MEMBER Clause
Specify a function or procedure subprogram associated with the object type that is referenced as an attribute. Typically, you invoke MEMBER methods in a selfish style, such as object_expression.method(). This class of method has an implicit first argument referenced as SELF in the method body, which represents the object on which the method has been invoked.
Restriction on Member Methods You cannot specify a MEMBER method if you are mapping a Java class to a SQLJ object type.
STATIC Clause
Specify a function or procedure subprogram associated with the object type. Unlike MEMBER methods, STATIC methods do not have any implicit parameters. You cannot reference SELF in their body. They are typically invoked as type_name.method().
Restrictions on Static Methods Static methods are subject to the following restrictions:
 - You cannot map a MEMBER method in a Java class to a STATIC method in a SQLJ object type.
 - For both MEMBER and STATIC methods, you must specify a corresponding method body in the object type body for each procedure or function specification.
[NOT] FINAL, [NOT] INSTANTIABLE
At the top level of the syntax, these clauses specify the inheritance attributes of the type.
Use the [NOT] FINAL clause to indicate whether any further subtypes can be created for this type:
 - Specify FINAL if no further subtypes can be created for this type. This is the default.
 - Specify NOT FINAL if further subtypes can be created under this type.
Use the [NOT] INSTANTIABLE clause to indicate whether any object instances of this type can be constructed:
 - Specify INSTANTIABLE if object instances of this type can be constructed. This is the default.
 - Specify NOT INSTANTIABLE if no default or user-defined constructor exists for this object type. You must specify these keywords for any type with noninstantiable methods and for any type that has no attributes, either inherited or specified in this statement.
inheritance_clauses
As part of the element_spec, the inheritance_clauses let you specify the relationship between supertypes and subtypes.
OVERRIDING This clause is valid only for MEMBER methods. Specify OVERRIDING to indicate that this method overrides a MEMBER method defined in the supertype. This keyword is required if the method redefines a supertype method. NOT OVERRIDING is the default.
Restriction on OVERRIDING The OVERRIDING clause is not valid for a STATIC method or for a SQLJ object type.
FINAL Specify FINAL to indicate that this method cannot be overridden by any subtype of this type. The default is NOT FINAL.
NOT INSTANTIABLE Specify NOT INSTANTIABLE if the type does not provide an implementation for this method. By default all methods are INSTANTIABLE.
Restriction on NOT INSTANTIABLE If you specify NOT INSTANTIABLE, then you cannot specify FINAL or STATIC.
See Also:
constructor_spec
procedure_spec or function_spec
Use these clauses to specify the parameters and data types of the procedure or function. If this subprogram does not include the declaration of the procedure or function, then you must issue a corresponding CREATE TYPE BODY statement.
Restriction on Procedure and Function Specification If you are creating a subtype, then the name of the procedure or function cannot be the same as the name of any attribute, whether inherited or not, declared in the supertype chain.
return_clause The first form of the return_clause is valid only for a function. The syntax shown is an abbreviated form.
See Also:
sqlj_object_type_sig Use this form of the return_clause if you intend to create SQLJ object type functions or procedures.
 - If you are mapping a Java class to a SQLJ object type and you specify EXTERNAL NAME, then the value of the Java method returned must be compatible with the SQL returned value, and the Java method must be public. Also, the method signature (method name plus parameter types) must be unique within the type hierarchy.
 - If you specify EXTERNAL VARIABLE NAME, then the type of the Java static field must be compatible with the return type.
call_spec
Specify the call specification that maps a Java or C method name, parameter types, and return type to their SQL counterparts. If all the member methods in the type have been defined in this clause, then you need not issue a corresponding CREATE TYPE BODY statement.
The Java_declaration string identifies the Java implementation of the method.
See Also:
pragma_clause
The pragma_clause lets you specify a compiler directive. The PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES compiler directive denies member functions read/write access to database tables, packaged variables, or both, and thereby helps to avoid side effects.
Note:
Oracle recommends that you avoid using this clause unless you must do so for backward compatibility of your applications. This clause has been deprecated, because the database now runs purity checks at run time.
method Specify the name of the MEMBER function or procedure to which the pragma is being applied.
DEFAULT Specify DEFAULT if you want the database to apply the pragma to all methods in the type for which a pragma has not been explicitly specified.
WNDS Specify WNDS to enforce the constraint writes no database state, which means that the method does not modify database tables.
WNPS Specify WNPS to enforce the constraint writes no package state, which means that the method does not modify packaged variables.
RNDS Specify RNDS to enforce the constraint reads no database state, which means that the method does not query database tables.
RNPS Specify RNPS to enforce the constraint reads no package state, which means that the method does not reference package variables.
TRUST Specify TRUST to indicate that the restrictions listed in the pragma are not actually to be enforced but are simply trusted to be true.
See Also:
RESTRICT_REFERENCES Pragma for more information about this pragma
constructor_spec
Use this clause to create a user-defined constructor, which is a function that returns an initialized instance of a user-defined object type. You can declare multiple constructors for a single object type, as long as the parameters of each constructor differ in number, order, or data type.
 - User-defined constructor functions are always FINAL and INSTANTIABLE, so these keywords are optional.
 - The parameter-passing mode of user-defined constructors is always SELF IN OUT. Therefore you need not specify this clause unless you want to do so for clarity.
 - RETURN SELF AS RESULT specifies that the run-time type of the value returned by the constructor is the same as the run-time type of the SELF argument.
See Also:
Oracle Database Object-Relational Developer's Guide for more information about and examples of user-defined constructors and Constructor Example
map_order_function_spec
You can define either one MAP method or one ORDER method in a type specification, regardless of how many MEMBER or STATIC methods you define. If you declare either method, then you can compare object instances in SQL.
You cannot define either MAP or ORDER methods for subtypes. However, a subtype can override a MAP method if the supertype defines a nonfinal MAP method. A subtype cannot override an ORDER method at all.
You can specify either MAP or ORDER when mapping a Java class to a SQL type. However, the MAP or ORDER methods must map to MEMBER functions in the Java class.
If neither a MAP nor an ORDER method is specified, then only comparisons for equality or inequality can be performed. Therefore object instances cannot be ordered. Instances of the same type definition are equal only if each pair of their corresponding attributes is equal. No comparison method must be specified


text:
- Paper plate, thin cardboard, brad, scissors, markers
Some things are best left to fate… and other things are best left to fortune-tellers. Here's an easy way for your child to make a fortune-telling device that's guaranteed to be somewhat accurate, some of the time.
Attach a spinner to the center of a paper plate using a brad, making sure that the spinner can spin freely. (The spinner, which you can cut out of thin cardboard, should measure about 4 inches by ½ an inch and end in a point.)
Divide the plate into various answer zones. Each zone should have a label (Never, Sometimes, Tomorrow, In 5 minutes, Twenty years from now, and so on). Then ask a time-related question. Your child can close his or her eyes, spin the spinner, and read the future. Now let your child ask a question and you can take on the fortune-telling role.
So when will you get a pet dinosaur? Twenty years from now? We'll have to see a picture of that!
From 365 TV-Free Activities You Can Do With Your Child Copyright © 2007, F+W Publications, Inc. Used by permission of Adams Media, and F+W Publications Company. All rights reserved.
To order this book go to amazon.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
8 ACS reported 150,000 married same-sex couples.
In part because of the mismatch between government records and survey data, the Census Bureau has begun looking into whether changing the wording of the questions people are asked about their relationship type and marital status could produce more accurate responses. Census Bureau researchers have co-authored two papers on this topic presented to the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR). They did not turn up evidence that current question wording led to a massive accuracy gap, but did unearth intriguing differences in how people perceive the response categories they are offered.
In a 2010 paper presented at the AAPOR conference, researchers described the findings of 14 focus groups of people in same-sex relationships and four groups with unmarried opposite-sex couples at seven locations around the country earlier that year. This year, bureau researchers reported on the results of a series of one-on-one interviews in which they tested alternative question wording.
In answering the relationship question (pictured right), researchers found that the same-sex couples they talked with (who may or may not be a representative sample) generally would say they were married if they had been legally married anywhere, even if their current state of residence did not allow legal same-sex marriage. In states where same-sex marriage is legal, and couples are not married, they tended to choose "unmarried partner" as an accurate reflection of their status.
However, the marital-status question (pictured below) "did not work well" for unmarried same-sex couples who are not registered partners and live in states that do not allow same-sex marriage, according to the research presented this year at AAPOR. They did not see their experience reflected in the options such as "never married," or "divorced." (Some opposite-sex unmarried couples said the same thing.) A small number of participants marked "now married" or left the question blank.
After testing a number of alternatives, Census Bureau researchers endorsed large-scale tests of a new relationship question that includes categories of opposite sex husband/wife/spouse, opposite-sex unmarried partner, same-sex husband/wife/spouse and same-sex unmarried partner. Providing those choices, they said, "would help reduce classification errors by providing a check against mismarks in the sex question." However, they acknowledge that this change could "open the door for more same-sex couples without legal status to select 'same-sex husband/wife.'"
The Census Bureau paper raises the issue that this new question wording could offend some social conservatives who disapprove of same-sex relationships and do not wish the government to acknowledge them. Researchers tested the wording in interviews in North Carolina, which was chosen because it does not recognize same-sex marriage or unmarried partnerships. Some respondents said they disapproved of adding same-sex categories, although the paper noted they were not so offended that they would have refused to fill out the survey.
Despite the criticism by people in unmarried partnerships that the marital-status categories did not reflect their experience, the Census Bureau researchers did not recommend adding a category in the marital-status question about whether people are in a "registered domestic partnership or civil union." They said most people do not understand what this concept really means, and that including it could inflate the number of people who report incorrectly. It "may be safer to collect this information in a separate question," they said.
They also recommended testing a question for each person that says: "Is this person currently living with a boyfriend/girlfriend or partner in this household?" The question would serve two purposes—it would let cohabiting couples acknowledge their relationship whether or not it had legal status, and it would give analysts a more complete count of unmarried couples by incorporating those that do not include the householder (so-called "subfamilies.").
The research is being done for the Office of Management and Budget's Interagency Working Group on Measuring Relationships in Federal Household Surveys, which is studying new ways to define and measure relationships in federal household surveys, especially for same-sex couples who report being married.
"It is clear that the Census Bureau and other statistical agencies must begin to rethink how these constructs are measured to keep up with legal and societal changes," wrote the authors of a paper presented at the 2010 AAPOR conference. "With same-sex marriage laws in flux but looking to expand, we must closely examine the evolving definition of marriage to accurately reflect and include the living situations of same-sex partners."


text: Benzaldehyde(also called Benzenecarbonal) is the simplest representative of the aromatic aldehydes. It is a colorless liquid aldehyde with a characteristic almond odor. It boils at 180Â°C, is soluble in ethanol, but is insoluble in water. Benzaldehyde is formed by partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol and readily oxidized to benzoic acid and is converted to addition products by hydrocyanic acid or sodium bi sulfite. It is used chiefly in the synthesis of other organic compounds, ranging from pharmaceuticals to plastic additives and benzaldehyde is an important intermediate for the processing of perfume and flavoring compounds and in the preparation of certain aniline dyes and pesticides.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


(2)/90,'PassbandRipple',0.1,...
 'StopBandAttenuation',ElSidelobe);
elw = ElWeights.Coefficients;
ura = phased.URA([N_row N_col],[lambda/2 lambda/2]);
ura.Element.BackBaffled = true;
ura.Taper = elw(:)*azw(:).';
helperArraySynthesisComparison(ura,mysteryAntenna,fc,c)
The figure shows that the beamwidth and sidelobe levels of the synthesized pattern match the desired specifications. The following figures show the desired 3D pattern, the synthesized 3D pattern, the resulting array geometry, and the taper.
helperArraySynthesisComparison(ura,mysteryAntenna,fc,c,'3d')
Array Thinning Using Genetic Algorithm
Many array synthesis problems can be treated as optimization problems, especially for arrays with large apertures or complex geometries. In those situations, a closed form solution often does not exist and the solution space is very large. For example, for a large array, it is often necessary to thin the array to control the sidelobe levels to avoid wasting power delivered to each antenna element. In this case, an element can be turned on or off. If you were to try all possible solutions in a 400-element array, you would need to try $2^{400}$ combinations, which is unrealistic, and a 400-element array is not considered to be a big aperture at all. Optimization techniques are often adopted in this situation.
A frequently used optimization technique is the genetic algorithm. A genetic algorithm achieves the optimal solution by simulating the natural selection process. It starts with randomly selected candidates as the first generation. At each evolution cycle, the algorithm sorts the generation according to a predetermined performance measure (in the thinned array example, the performance measure would be the ratio of peak-to-sidelobe level), and then discards the ones with lower performance scores. The algorithm then mutates the remaining candidates to generate a newer generation and repeats the process, until it reaches a stop condition, such as the maximum number of generations.
The following example shows how to use a genetic algorithm to thin a 40x40 URA. The goal is to achieve maximum sidelobe suppression in both azimuth and elevation cut. The beam pattern of the full array is shown first.
Nside = 40;
geneticArray = phased.URA(Nside,lambda/2);
geneticArray.Element.BackBaffled = true;
clf;
wplot = helperThinnedArrayComparison(geneticArray,fc,c);
The sidelobe level can be computed as
% Compute beam pattern
[azpat,elpat,az,el] = helperExtractSynthesisPattern(geneticArray,fc,c);
% Compute relative sidelobe level
pks_az = findpeaks(azpat,'NPeaks',2,'SortStr','descend');
pks_el = findpeaks(elpat,'NPeaks',2,'SortStr','descend');
% find the smaller sidelobe level between two cuts
sllopt = min(pks_az(1)-pks_az(2),pks_el(1)-pks_el(2))
sllopt =
 13.2981
As expected, the sidelobe level is about 13dB.
Now apply the genetic algorithm. Notice that the URA has symmetry in both rows and columns, thus one can take advantage of this symmetry so that each thinning coefficients candidate applies to only quarter of the array. This reduces the search space of the algorithm.
% Set random seed
prvS = rng(2013);
% Initial generation with 200 candidates. Initially, the elements toward
% the center are active and the dummy elements are toward the edge
w0 = double(rand(Nside/2,Nside/2,200)>0.5);
w0(1:14,1:14,:) = 1;
% Pick one candidate, plot the beam pattern, and compute the sidelobe
% level
wtemp = w0(:,:,100);
wo = [fliplr(wtemp) wtemp;rot90(wtemp,2) flipud(wtemp)];
wplot = helperThinnedArrayComparison(geneticArray,fc,c,[wplot wo(:)],...
 {'Full','Initial'});
The figure shows the beam pattern resulted from one typical first generation candidate. The sidelobe level is lower in azimuth direction but higher in elevation direction compared to the full array. The exact sidelobe level and the fill rate of the array can be computed as
[azpat,elpat] = helperExtractSynthesisPattern(geneticArray,fc,c,wo(:));
% Compute relative sidelobe level
pks_az = findpeaks(azpat,'NPeaks',2,'SortStr','descend');
pks_el = findpeaks(elpat,'NPeaks',2,'SortStr','descend');
sllopt = min(pks_az(1)-pks_az(2),pks_el(1)-pks_el(2))
fillrate = sum(wo(:))/Nside^2*100
sllopt =
 8.7013
fillrate =
 71.7500
This means that 71.75% of the array elements (1148 of them) are active and the sidelobe level is about 9 dB. It needs to be suppressed further. The code below applies genetic algorithm with 30 generations.
% Max number of generations
Niter = 30;
% Number of candidates in each generation
numGene = size(w0,3);
w = w0;
pos = getElementPosition(geneticArray)/lambda;
angspan = -90:90;
for m = 1:Niter
 % Compute the beam pattern for the entire generation
 [azpat,elpat] = helperArraySynthesisBeamPattern(pos,angspan,w);
 % Compute the sidelobe level for each candidate
 sll = helperArraySynthesisRelativeSidelobeLevel(azpat,elpat);
 % Sort the resulting sidelobe level
 [~,idx] = sort(sll,2,'descend');
 % Discard half of the generation that gets the lower score
 w = w(:,:,[idx(1:numGene/2) idx(1:numGene/2)]);
 % Mutate rows and columns in the newly generated candidates
 mutIdx_row = randi(Nside/2,1,1);
 mutIdx_col = randi(Nside/2,1,1);
 w(mutIdx_row:end,:,numGene/2+1:numGene) = flipud(...
 w(mutIdx_row:end,:,numGene/2+1:numGene));
 w(mutIdx_col:end,:,numGene/2+1:numGene) = fliplr(...
 w(mutIdx_col:end,:,numGene/2+1:numGene));
end
wopt = w(:,:,1);
rng(prvS);
wo = [fliplr(wopt) wopt;rot90(wopt,2) flipud(wopt)];
wplot = helperThinnedArrayComparison(geneticArray,fc,c,[wplot wo(:)],...
 {'Full','Initial','Synthesized'});
sllopt = sll(idx(1))
fillrate = sum(wo(:))/Nside^2*100
sllopt =
 17.5380
fillrate =
 76.5000
The figure shows the resulting beam pattern. It can be seen that the sidelobe level has been further improved to about 17.5 dB with a fill rate of 76.5% (1224 active elements). Compared to the first generation candidate, it uses 5% more active elements while achieving an additional 9 dB sidelobe suppression. Compared to the full array, the resulting thinned array can save the cost of implementing T/R switches behind dummy elements, which in turn leads to a roughly 25% saving on the consumed power. Also note that even though the thinned array uses less elements, the beamwidth is close to what could be achieved with a full array.
The final thinned array is shown below with black circles represents the dummy elements.
clf;
geneticArray.Taper = wo;
viewArray(geneticArray,'ShowTaper',true);
It is worth


text:
When creating an API poller, your first step is selecting one of the following methods for the request.
- GET sends a request for data from a URL.
- POST creates a new record.
The method you use for an API request depends on:
- What you want to do, and
- What rights you have.
Similar to how you need different rights to perform various tasks in most applications, you need rights to use different methods against an external API and get a successful response. For example, to use a GET request to retrieve data from the SolarWinds Platform SDK, no extra rights are required other than the SolarWinds Platform account credentials included in the parent request. However, to send a POST request that creates a new record, you typically require extra rights. For example, to use a POST request that adds a node to the SolarWinds Platform database, your SolarWinds Platform account must have Node Management rights.
GET retrieves data from an API
The most common method for API requests, GET, retrieves data from a specific endpoint within an API. If the request is successful, data is returned in a response payload. Most GET requests include some form of authorization in their headers; check the API documentation for details.
Here is an example of a GET request sent to the SolarWinds Platform API, asking for the names of three polling engines from a specific database table:
When this query is packaged with the rest of the data provided on the API Poller page, including authorization and headers, the entire request looks like the following:
GET https://localhost:17778/SolarWinds/InformationService/v3/Json/Query?query=SELECT+Uri+FROM+Orion.Pollers+ORDER+BY+PollerID+WITH+ROWS+1+TO+3+WITH+TOTALROWS HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46
User-Agent: curl/7.20.0 (i386-pc-win32) libcurl/7.20.0 OpenSSL/0.9.8l zlib/1.2.3
POST sends data to an API to create or update a resource
Unlike the GET method that requests data from an external API, the POST method is used to send changes to an API endpoint. These requests typically include additional data in the message body, as opposed to GET request that may include all necessary details in the request URL.
POST requests usually require authentication by the external API. For example, you can use standard SolarWinds Platform account credentials to send GET requests that retrieve data from the SolarWinds Platform API (perhaps to retrieve a list of available nodes), but you need Node Management rights for the SolarWinds Platform to send a POST request (for example, to add a node), as defined on the Manage Accounts page.
POST requests supply additional data to the target in the message body, not the URL. Credentials, if configured for an API poller, are sent in a separate Header file.
Note the following details about API poller requests:
- Allow time for responses. The larger the data set, the longer the response time.
- Dedicated headers are required for pages that require logins.


A mfs file extension is related to the MetFS encrypted FUSE based filesystem file format.
Detailed description
Software that open mfs file
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Bookmark & share this page with others:
MFS file extension - MetFS encrypted FUSE based filesystem
What is mfs file? How to open mfs files?
File type specification:
Encoded and encrypted file type icon Encoded and encrypted file type
The mfs file extension is associated with the MetFS, a software system for establishing and maintaining an encrypted FUSE (fuse.sf.net) based filesystem available for Microsoft Windows operating system.
The mfs file stores stores some kind of data for MetFS.
The default software associated to open mfs file:
MetFS picture or screenshot
EnderUNIX Software Development Team logoMetFS Linux/Unix software
Company or developer:
EnderUNIX Software Development Team
MetFS is a filesystem software in userspace that is FUSE based, encrypted, dynamic sized (increase when new data added, decrease when data removed), single file when it's unmounted and very fast. MetFS 's been written in C language for performance reasons; proved to be running on Linux and FreeBSD.
Help how to open:
This file type is not meant to be opened directly, there is no software that could open and work with it directly, or there is no information available in public sources about opening this file type. This is usually the case of some internal data files, caches, temporary files etc.
How to convert:
As far as we know, this .mfs file type can't be converted to any other file format. This is usually the case of system, configuration, temporary, or data files containing data exclusive to only one software and used for its own purposes. Also some proprietary or closed file formats cannot be converted to more common file types in order to protect the intellectual property of the developer, which is for example the case of some DRM-protected multimedia files.
Related links:
libfuse at GitHub
List of recommended software applications associated to the .mfs file extension
Recommended software programs are sorted by OS platform (Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android etc.)
and possible program actions that can be done with the file: like open mfs file, edit mfs file, convert mfs file, view mfs file, play mfs file etc. (if exist software for corresponding action in File-Extensions.org's database).
Unspecified and all other actions for computer programs working with mfs file - MetFS encrypted FUSE based filesystem
Click on the software link for more information about MetFS. MetFS uses mfs file type for its internal purposes and/or also by different way than common edit or open file actions (eg. to install/execute/support an application itself, to store application or user data, configure program etc.).
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text:
|Region||Tororo District, Uganda|
|Native speakers||360,000 (2002 census)|
Adhola, also known as Jopadhola and Ludama, is a dialect of Southern Luo spoken by the Adhola people (AKA Jopadhola or Badama) of Uganda. Dhopadhola is generally mutually intelligible with Acholi, Lango, Kumam, and Alur of Uganda and Dholuo of Kenya.
The prefix dho means "language of". It can be attached to a nationality or speech community to imply the language of such a people. jo means "people of". The infix pa means possessive 'of'.
Dhopadhola thus means the language spoken in Padhola.
Padhola is the area or region where Dhopadhola is spoken.
Jopadhola is the plural of Japadhola; a person who speaks Dhopadhola. Hence, Jopadhola are speakers of Dhopadhola.
Ja is a prefix meaning the 'doer' or a person belonging to a particular place or position. The plural is Jo. That is, people who do something or belong to a particular place or organisation.
Jafwonji means a teacher.
Jofwonji means teachers.
Jawer means a singer.
Jower means singers.
Janywol means a parent.
Jonywol means parents.
Japach means a carpenter.
Jopach means carpenters.
|Adhola dialect test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator|
|This Nilo-Saharan languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
THE AI 4-D CYCLE
The application of AI can be visualized as a cycle through four phases of activity: Discovery, Dream, Design,
, as shown in Figure 7.2
. Each of the Ds represents different activities and conversations with the common thread of ongoing dialogues that are generative. AI has been used in small groups and large groups for whole system change (Barrett & Fry, 2005). Chapters Sixteen and Seventeen present further information on large group interventions and whole system change.
The Discovery Phase—The Best of What Is
The task in the Discovery phase is to inquire, learn about, and appreciate the best of "what is." The ability to collect strengths-based, life-giving, and future-oriented data is key to the Discovery phase....


text:
The Infrastructure Area is responsible for the seamless use of the existing and future ECoE infrastructure, their proper operations and the unobstructed access to EO data by ECoE staff and stakeholders.
The ECoE through the governmental funding will acquire key infrastructure and equipment that will directly contribute to the Research Excellence capacity of the ECoE.
The following flagship equipment will be procured by ECoE:
Satellite data direct receiving station: The ECoE, in cooperation with DLR, will establish an EO Satellite Data Acquisition Station (DAS) to be able to directly receive data from EO satellite missions, which will allow Near Real Time (NRL) monitoring and thereby provide time-critical information for science and products within the receiving cone of the station, namely, over the EMMENA region. The ECoE will acquire and process data in direct pass-through mode over the Eastern Mediterranean area. Cyprus comprises a unique location for this antenna, as it will be located in the farthest South-Eastern location within the European Union, thus providing an extended coverage compared to other European antenna locations, including a wide range of data from Eastern Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East. This includes critical real time maritime surveillance areas such as the Eastern Mediterranean, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea.
Ground-based atmospheric remote sensing station (supersite for aerosol and cloud monitoring): The ECoE, in cooperation with TROPOS, will establish a ground-based atmospheric remote sensing station (GBS) by consolidating all necessary infrastructure to set up a supersite for calibration/ validation, aerosol and cloud monitoring. The instruments to be installed within the GBS include a Cloudnet Station with SLDR-Cloud Radar, Microwave Radiometer, Doppler lidar and Laser Disdrometer, a PollyXT lidar provided by TROPOS, as well as auxiliary instruments for the Cloudnet station, including Ceilometer, SAEMS/DOAS and Cloud scanner.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
California Keeps Traffic Flowing with Battery Backups at Critical Intersections
Because the new LED traffic signals use so much less energy than the incandescent signals they replace, California has been able to install battery backup power supplies to intersections with high traffic volume. The backup power keeps the traffic lights working and traffic flowing even during power failures. "When electric power fails and signal lights go out at a busy corner, traffic slows to a crawl," explained Energy Commissioner Robert Pernell. "Automobile accidents increase, and pedestrians find that weaving their way through the unregulated maze can be a dangerous, challenging prospect. But now local governments can protect critical intersections from power interruptions that can threaten motorists and pedestrians alike." For more information, see the CEC press release.


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The mechanics of a power kick_using soccer as an example_
Final ball velocity depends upon several factors. There are, however, three primary determinants in ball velocity:
If the hip of the kicking leg is not fully extended prior to foot plant, subsequent leg swing velocity will be reduced. This extension ("cocking") of the hip (1) allows greater distance for the leg to increase its velocity on the forward swing, (2) stretches the muscles which cross the hip to facilitate their contraction and recoil of the leg, and (3) permits greater rotation of the hip.
If the supporting leg flexes excessively during foot plant, the velocity of the kicking leg will be reduced.
On the other hand, a firm supporting leg "blocks" the forward motion of its hip and increases the velocity of the swing leg.
Improper coordination and sequencing of movements in the kick will reduce possible ball velocity.
The order of events in the kicking leg, following hip extension, are: (1) hip rotation, (2) forward swing of the thigh, and (3) forward swing of the shank. Each of these movements should increase the velocity of the subsequent segment resulting in maximum velocity at the foot just prior to impact with the ball. The action of the leg should be like a whip "snapped" at the ball.


three islands (Torgersen, Biscoe, and Dream) in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. In addition to which island each penguin lives on, the data contains information on the species of the penguin (Adelie, Chinstrap, or Gentoo), its bill length, bill depth, and flipper length (measured in millimeters), its body mass (measured in grams), and the sex of the penguin (female or male). 14 (Gorman, Williams, and Fraser 2014)
 1. How many cases were included in the data?
 2. How many numerical variables are included in the data? Indicate what they are, and if they are continuous or discrete.
 3. How many categorical variables are included in the data, and what are they? List the corresponding levels (categories) for each.
 1. Smoking habits of UK residents. A survey was conducted to study the smoking habits of 1,691 UK residents. Below is a data frame displaying a portion of the data collected in this survey. A blank cell indicates that data for that variable was not available for a given respondent.15
 amount
 sex age marital_status gross_income smoke weekend weekday
 1 Female 61 Married 2,600 to 5,200 No
 2 Female 61 Divorced 10,400 to 15,600 Yes 5 4
 3 Female 69 Widowed 5,200 to 10,400 No
 4 Female 50 Married 5,200 to 10,400 No
 5 Male 31 Single 10,400 to 15,600 Yes 10 20
 ... ... ... ... ... ...
 1691 Male 49 Divorced Above 36,400 Yes 15 10
 1. What does each row of the data frame represent?
 2. How many participants were included in the survey?
 3. Indicate whether each variable is numerical or categorical. If numerical, identify as continuous or discrete. If categorical, indicate if the variable is ordinal.
 1. US Airports. The visualization below shows the geographical distribution of airports in the contiguous United States and Washington, DC. This visualization was constructed based on a dataset where each observation is an airport.16
 1. List the variables you believe were necessary to create this visualization.
 2. Indicate whether each variable is numerical or categorical. If numerical, identify as continuous or discrete. If categorical, indicate if the variable is ordinal.
 1. UN Votes. The visualization below shows voting patterns in the United States, Canada, and Mexico in the United Nations General Assembly on a variety of issues. Specifically, for a given year between 1946 and 2019, it displays the percentage of roll calls in which the country voted yes for each issue. This visualization was constructed based on a dataset where each observation is a country/year pair.17
 1. List the variables used in creating this visualization.
 2. Indicate whether each variable is numerical or categorical. If numerical, identify as continuous or discrete. If categorical, indicate if the variable is ordinal.
 1. UK baby names. The visualization below shows the number of baby girls born in the United Kingdom (comprised of England & Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland) who were given the name "Fiona" over the years.18
 1. List the variables you believe were necessary to create this visualization.
 2. Indicate whether each variable is numerical or categorical. If numerical, identify as continuous or discrete. If categorical, indicate if the variable is ordinal.
 1. Shows on Netflix. The visualization below shows the distribution of ratings of TV shows on Netflix (a streaming entertainment service) based on the decade they were released in and the country they were produced in. In the dataset, each observation is a TV show.19
 1. List the variables you believe were necessary to create this visualization.
 2. Indicate whether each variable is numerical or categorical. If numerical, identify as continuous or discrete. If categorical, indicate if the variable is ordinal.
 1. Stanford Open Policing. The Stanford Open Policing project gathers, analyzes, and releases records from traffic stops by law enforcement agencies across the United States. Their goal is to help researchers, journalists, and policy makers investigate and improve interactions between police and the public. The following is an excerpt from a summary table created based off of the data collected as part of this project. (Pierson et al. 2020)
 Driver
 Car
 County State Race / Ethnicity Arrest rate Stops / year Search rate
 Apache County AZ Black 0.016 266 0.077
 Apache County AZ Hispanic 0._PHONE_ 0.053
 Apache County AZ White 0._PHONE_ 0.017
 Cochise County AZ Black 0._PHONE_ 0.047
 ... ... ... ... ... ...
 Wood County WI Hispanic 0.029 27 0.036
 Wood County WI White 0._PHONE_ 0.033
 1. What variables were collected on each individual traffic stop in order to create the summary table above?
 2. State whether each variable is numerical or categorical. If numerical, state whether it is continuous or discrete. If categorical, state whether it is ordinal or not.
 3. Suppose we wanted to evaluate whether vehicle search rates are different for drivers of different races. In this analysis, which variable would be the response variable and which variable would be the explanatory variable?
 1. Space launches. The following summary table shows the number of space launches in the US by the type of launching agency and the outcome of the launch (success or failure).20
 1957 - 1999
 2000-2018
 Failure Success Failure Success
 Private 13 295 10 562
 State _PHONE_ 33 711
 Startup 0 0 5 65
 1. What variables were collected on each launch in order to create to the summary table above?
 2. State whether each variable is numerical or categorical. If numerical, state whether it is continuous or discrete. If categorical, state whether it is ordinal or not.
 3. Suppose we wanted to study how the success rate of launches vary between launching agencies and over time. In this analysis, which variable would be the response variable and which variable would be the explanatory variable?
 1. Pet names. The city of Seattle, WA has an open data portal that includes pets registered in the city. For each registered pet, we have information on the pet's name and species. The following visualization plots the proportion of dogs with a given name versus the proportion of cats with the same name. The 20 most common cat and dog names are displayed. The diagonal line on the plot is the \(x = y\) line; if a name appeared on this line, the name's popularity would be exactly the same for dogs and cats.21
 1. Are these data collected as part of an experiment or an observational study?
 2. What is the most common dog name? What is the most common cat name?
 3. What names are more common for cats than dogs?
 4. Is the relationship between the two variables positive or negative? What does this mean in context of the data?
 1. Stressed out in an elevator. In a study evaluating the relationship between stress and muscle cramps, half the subjects are randomly assigned to be exposed to increased stress by being placed into an elevator that falls rapidly and stops abruptly and the other half are left at no or baseline stress.
 1. What type of study is this?
 2. Can this study be used to conclude a causal relationship between increased stress and muscle cramps?
 1. The proportion of the 224 patients who had a stroke within 365 days: \(45/224 = 0.20.\)↩
 2. The loan's grade is B, and the borrower rents their residence.↩
 3. There are multiple strategies that can be followed. One common strategy is to have each student represented by a row, and then add a column for each assignment, quiz, or exam. Under this setup, it is easy to review a single line to understand the grade history of a student. There should also be columns to include student information, such as one column to list student names.↩
 4. Each county may be viewed as a case, and there are eleven pieces of information recorded for each case. A table with 3,142 rows and 14 columns could hold these data, where each row represents a county and each column represents a particular piece of information.↩
 5. The group variable can take just one of two group names, making it categorical. The num_migraines variable describes a count of the number of migraines, which is an outcome where basic arithmetic is sensible, which means this is a numerical outcome; more specifically, since it represents a count, num_migraines is a discrete numerical variable.↩
 6. Two example questions: (1) What is the relationship between loan amount and total income? (2) If someone's income is above the average, will their interest rate tend to be above or below the average?↩
 7. In some disciplines, it's customary to refer to the explanatory variable as the independent variable and the response variable as the dependent variable. However, this becomes confusing since a pair of variables might be independent or dependent, so we avoid this language.↩
 8. The mcu_films data used in this exercise can be found in the openintro R package.↩
 9. The run17 data used in this exercise can be found in the cherryblossom R package.↩
 10. The migraine data used in this exercise can be found in the openintro R package.↩
 11. The sinusitis data used in this exercise can be found in the openintro R package.↩
 12. The day


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To be certified and maintain certification every year as a Virginia Master Naturalist, volunteers are required to complete 8 hours of continuing education. To assist volunteers needing to meet this requirement, the state program offers continuing education through the annual statewide conference and an online webinar series. Online resources of the Virginia State Master Naturalist web site can be accessed through this link: _URL_
Other education opportunities are announced through our Chapter newsletter, e-mail broadcasts and at our general membership meetings. Also attending speaking events (e.g. at colleges and civic organizations) and and conservation related public agency meetings (local, state, federal) can also count toward continuing education hours, with the approval of the Chapter Advanced Training Committee Chairperson.
Many online resources from our State Agency Sponsors also offer education opportunities (peruse links below).
- Virginia Cooperative Extension
- Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources and Environment
- Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
- Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation
- Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
- Virginia Department of Forestry
- Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries
- Virginia Museum of Natural History
Continuing education is a great way to keep abreast of the latest goings-on and to brush up on knowledge in your areas of special interest.


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NTEXX Root Stimulator 3-0-0 w/ 0.3%Humic Acid
1 gallon jugs
A liquid root stimulator formulated to develop greater root mass, activate microbial activity of soil, increase nutrient uptake, and improve water infiltration.
Nitrogen 3%, Available Phosphate 1%, Soluble Potash 1%
Derived from: Urea, Di-Ammonium, Phosphate, and Potassium Nitrate.
- Increases root mass growth
- Increases plant nutrient uptake
- Improves soil environment for plant growth by building the aerobic zone of the soil
- Improves water infiltration
- Stimulates soil microorganisms that provide essential nutrients for plants through their productive biological processes
- Affordable cost


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Age of Legends
he Emberdreth are the tallest living creatures in all of Eriond. These deciduous conifers grow to heights in excess of 355ft. The base of these great trees is fluted and may grow up to 35ft in diameter. The Emberdreth possesses a narrowly conical shape, and its dark green needles contrast greatly with its brilliant copper-brown bark. The bark is soft and spongy and resistant to fire. Emberdreth grows in small groves in Landolith and Tindor Forests, and is plentiful within The Andreth Forest.
The Emberdreth is commonly known as Duskwood due to its beautiful copper brown bark which brilliantly radiates the soft light of the setting sun in its final hour. Because of its remote location, logging of this tree is extremely rare.


text: A method is described for the three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro culture of nontransformed gastrointestinal epithelial cells from the human duodenal mucosa. Biopsies obtained from human duodenum were finely minced. The tissue fragments were suspended in culture medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum and the appropriate antibiotics. The suspended mucosal fragments generated spheroid-like multicellular vesicles consisting of highly prismatic absorptive and goblet cells retaining most of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. We performed immunocytochemical studies to determine the origin of the vesicles using monoclonal antibodies against EP4. The histochemistry of the vesicles showed alkaline phosphatase activity. Ultrastructural studies revealed that these cells exhibit characteristics of normal duodenal cells in vivo: apical microvilli, glycocalyx, tight junctions and desmosomes, lateral membrane interdigitations, mucous droplets, and a well-developed Golgi apparatus. An overgrowth of the vesicles by fibroblasts was not seen during cultivation. In contrast with the two-dimensional cell cultures grown on artificial supports, the vesicle cells show organization similar to that of natural epithelia. The polarization and cytoarchitecture of normal gastrointestinal epithelial cells cultured as 3-D vesicles are comparable to those known for the native tissue. This study was undertaken to provide a morphological baseline for subsequent infection experiments.


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Animal Assisted Therapy
Country Crossroads Counseling is one of only a few places in the Kansas City, MO, area that offers animal assisted therapy with both dogs and horses.
Animal assisted therapy is a special form of therapy that can be used in conjunction with another form of counseling such as individual or family. This is a process in which the client and therapist incorporate animals into the psychotherapy process. The incorporation of animals in the therapy session can range from grooming a horse, playing fetch with a dog, or simply having the dog in the room to pet during the therapy session.
Since this a form of therapy that involves dogs or horses, each session is likely to have different activities depending on the needs of the individual and animals. Country Crossroad Counseling, LLC can incorporate the use of dogs or horses depending on the client's preference.
Animal assisted therapy can provide numerous benefits such as decreased stress levels, reduced anger and aggression, improved social interactions, and self-empowerment.
Animal assisted therapy has been proven to benefit not only the human individuals involved, but also the animals. According to studies between horses and humans and then dogs and humans, both beings experience positive results from the attention received from the other.
Contact us here to set up an animal assisted therapy session.


Amaran Assisted Living
Montessori One Academy | Albuquerque, NM
This innovative senior community uses Montessori principles to engage aging adults in meaningful activities that promote independence and encourage them to contribute to their community. Amaran is integrated into the campus of an established Montessori school, Montessori One Academy, to enable daily interaction between seniors and children.
Amaran offers a mix of 72 assisted living and memory care apartments that include studio, one-bedroom, and 2-bedroom apartments. Each apartment is designed to reflect the Montessori principle of creating a prepared environment that provides sensory and behavioral cues to maximize independence. This includes custom entry cubbies that create a sense of order and routine at the transition between private apartments and shared spaces.
This Montessori-based, intergenerational approach required rethinking many typical design practices for senior communities. Compared to a more traditional memory care environment where access to food and outdoor areas is often highly controlled, Amaran empowers residents to access healthy snacks and courtyards themselves (independently) through a design that balances access with safety controls. Residents will use Montessori work stations with real activities and authentic materials rather than more typical memory care activity stations. Technology is used to enable independence through voice activated controls rather than for simulated interaction or virtual reality. Stations and displays are designed to avoid clutter and provide height-appropriate counters, sinks, etc. that allow both seniors and children to take advantage of the prepared environment.
The design of Amaran also includes operable windows, color-tuned lighting, and custom signage to create a cohesive environment and help residents easily navigate the community. Amaran's person-centered philosophy will benefit each resident in different ways. Residents with and without Alzheimer's or dementia will benefit from its structured environment, multi-sensory activities, and opportunities to spend time with children doing purposeful work and creating new relationships.
Featured Staff
Jennifer Facio Maddox Ronnie DiCappo Jitka Dekojova Courtney Mowrer
What We Create
Landscape Architecture
MultiFamily Housing
Building a sense of home into housing.
Master planned communities
Assisted care and independent living facilities
Multi family housing communities
Affordable housing
Student housing complexes
Luxury apartments
Building assessments
Tax credit packages
Environmental and human sustainability integration
Structural Engineering
The building must stand.
What's at stake?
Senior Living
Interior Design
Spaces that work harder.
Custom interior design
Space planning
Finish selection/specification
Workplace performance evaluations
Space needs assessments
Corporate standards programs
ADA, ergonomics evaluation, and product recommendations
Post-occupancy evaluations
LEED consulting
In Progress


Uncomfortable Architecture
Why Are So Many Fascist Monuments Still Standing in Italy?
That is the question that Ruth Ben-Ghiat wondered about on an article (in October 5, 2017), for The New Yorker. She asked why in Italy buildings and monuments of the Mussolini era still shown off
I am not so sure that we can easily say that Mussolini era building are exactly "shown off!"
They looked rather "negletted" to me. We pretend they are not there and walk by looking the other side, like we do when we want to avoid an annoying acquaintance.
Does re-evaluating fascist architecture today automatically absolves the regime that produced it; or is it legitimate to evaluate it independently?
Many great minds answered eloquently to the quest of the above scholar; and of course the idea of recovering fascist architecture came up, because, they claimed, recovering fascist architecture is not forgiveness of the past.
Re-evaluating the cultural production of an era does not necessarily mean re-evaluating the culture of that era, of course.
Also it should be noted that there still is some confusion between fascist architecture and architecture built under fascism. Some are remarkable buildings.
In any case it would be absurd to imagine throwing down the EUR in Rome just to erase the memory of fascism. Remembering is always better than forgetting.
A Mundane Question
My question—however—is more mundane; if these buidings that are still up, why not care for them, instead of pretending they are not there? A good restoration, or in some cases even a coat of paint would do wonders for these building that are often much more spacious inside than the modern buildings and apartments.
Maybe the very intimidating Court of Milan (designed by Marcello Piacentini) should be painted in bright colors (…though I'm not suggesting pink… ), it will give a totally different impression, I think.
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Travel topics > Food and drink > Balkan cuisines
Balkan cuisines
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The nations of the Balkans have had culinary exchanges with German cuisine, Central European cuisines, Italian cuisine, Greek cuisine, Russian cuisine and Middle Eastern cuisine.
The Balkans have been divided between different nation-states, languages and religions, but many dishes and ingredients are similar across the borders. The Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire have left their mark in the cuisines of the Balkans.
While Balkan cooking has not been internationalized in the same way as the Italian or Greek cuisines, the South Slavic and Albanian diaspora have brought their cuisine to other parts of Europe.
Bread, meat, potatoes and cheese are ubiquitous around the Balkans. Pork is the most common meat, except among Muslims and Jews, who substitute it with beef, lamb, and poultry.
Seafood is common in Croatia, Montenegro and Albania.
A full meal on the Balkans can consist of soup and bread, followed by a meat dish (grilled meat, meat pies, etc) and cakes or confectionaries as dessert.
A meze is a buffet of small savoury dishes, of Turkish origin. Many of the dishes have analogues in the Middle East.
Ajvar is a sauce made of bell peppers and oil, which can be mild or very spicy. It is usually eaten with bread.
Ćevapi or ćevapčići is grilled ground meat, and the national dish of Bosnia and Hercegovina.
The Balkans have a great range of beer, wine and distilled beverages. Muslim communities usually substitute alcohol with tea and fruit juices. Coffee is common, in Turkish and Italian styles.
Serbia and Bulgaria have particularly longstanding traditions of wine-making, dating to ancient times.
Rakı is a sweetened liquor, originally from Turkey, produced in most Balkan countries, usually consumed as an aperitif.
Yoghurt is eaten plain, and as a condiment. Ayran is a light drink made from yoghurt and salt.
This travel topic about Balkan cuisines is an outline and needs more content. It has a template, but there is not enough information present. Please plunge forward and help it grow!


Foto: André Ricardo, 2007
 - Other names
 Kawaiwete, Kayabi, Caiabi, Kaiaby, Kajabi, Cajabi
 - Where they are How many
 MT2.202 (Siasi/Sesai, 2012)
 - Linguistic family
The Kaiabi have vigorously resisted the invasion of their lands by rubber companies since the end of the 19th Century. After the 1950s, the region of the Arinos, Peixes and Teles Pires rivers was divided up into glebes that became ranches and the Kaiabi were divided into three groups. Most moved to the Indigenous Park of the Xingu, where they are outstanding for their practice of a strong and diversified agriculture, their art which is characterized by complex graphic designs inspired by their mythology, and by their active participation in the indigenous movement organized in defense of the interests of the ethnic groups of the Park.


Swedism: 'Racist' Bird Names Banned by Sweden's Ornithological Society
Eli Stenson
Daily Stormer
February 21, 2015
These swifts will no longer be called "kaffers" because of political correctness.
Thanks to Swedism, these swifts will no longer be called "kaffers."
Sweden's at it again, folks. Their Ornithological Society has decided to ban certain bird names that "sound racist" or whatever. Because things that sound racist are just another stumbling block to the emergence of a post-racial utopia.
The Local:
Four different bird species which include the word "neger" ("negro") have been renamed using "svart" ("black") instead.
Other feathered creatures known as "swifts" in English will no longer be called "kaffer" in Swedish. This word, which can also be spelt "caffer" and "kaffir" is a racist term that has been used by white South Africans towards black South Africans.
So white-rumped swifts will now be known as "vitgumpseglare" in Swedish.
"Hottentott", a species of dabbling duck is also being renamed because the word "Hottentot" is a derogatory term for a group of indigenous people called the "Khoikhoi" living in South Africa. The term is thought to refer to their language, which includes clicking sounds.
"Zigenarfågel" which translates as "gypsy bird" will take the name "hoatzin", the English word already used to describe a type of tropical pheasant found in swamps and forests.
The racial sensitivity of Sweden is so remarkable. Humanity ought to be thankful for Sweden's role as a beacon of light in the world.


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University of Botswana History Department
"El Negro of Banyoles"
The Return of El Negro:
A new book by Caitlin Davies, entitled The Return of El Negro, has just been published in Southern Africa by Penguin (South Africa) (ISBN 0-670-04793-7). It covers not only the history of El Negro and his return to Botswana but also wider issues about the treatment of human remains in museums and scientific research.
El Negro was the name given to a southern African man whose body was stolen from his grave in the early 19th century by two respected French naturalists.
The body was stuffed in the same way that trophy animals are stuffed and sent to Europe to further the cause of scientific racism and and to entertain the public. It eventually ended up in a glass case in a museum in a small Spanish town.
In the 1990s, after a decade of protest and protracted political and diplomatic exchanges, it was finally agreed that the body be repatriated to Botswana. In October 2000, El Negro was laid to rest in a sombre state burial in Gaborone, capital of Botswana. It was then that the triumph for Africa turned sour.
Although the true identity of the man has never been established, he has come to symbolise all those who were murdered, excavated and stolen from Africa by 19th century explorers and naturalists and taken to Europe in the name of science and for entertainment.
In this carefully researched and immensely readable book, Caitlin Davies throws wide-open the debate about what is appropriate in the name of "science" where human remains are concerned. In the process she retraces El Negro's fateful journey to Europe, including a search for the missing grave goods without which it is believed the stolen man cannot rest in peace.
Caitlin Davies was born in England in 1964. She moved to Botswana as a teacher in 1990, later becoming a citizen and a noted journalist and human rights campaigner. A former editor of the Okavango Observer, she was arrested for "causing fear and alarm" through a newspaper report, put on trial, but later acquitted. She has published a novel, Jamestown Blues, and has carried out ground-breaking research on violence against women in Northern Botswana. She now lives in England.
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Copyright © 2003 Caitlin Davies
Last updated 11 November 2003


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Bow Basin Watershed Management Plan
The purpose of the Bow Basin Watershed Management Plan (BBWMP) is to provide "guidance and recommendations" to decision-making authorities, municipalities, natural resource managers and users and residents regarding land and water resources in the watershed. The watershed management plan has been led by the Bow River Basin Council (BRBC), through the BBWMP Steering Committee decision-makers will continue to work together toward implementing the BBWMP (a living document) and achieving the plan's outcomes and goals.
Legislation and Policy
In accordance with its by-laws, the BRBC has established the Legislation and Policy Committee (LPC), an advisory committee to consider and recommend municipal, provincial and federal water legislation and policy to the Board of Directors that may affect the Bow River Basin.
The Monitoring and Modelling Committee (MMC) provides technical support for the implementation and planning phases of the Bow Basin Watershed Management Plan, and provide leadership and guidance in the areas of research, data collection, assessment, integration, dissemination and education.
The Stakeholders Engagement Communications Committee (SECC) prepares and implements the strategies that represent the Council's work in public education and communications.
The Youth Committee (YC) engages children (0-18) and young adults (18-35), in the activities and projects of the Bow River Basin Council.
Audited Financials pdf Draft Financial Statements BRBC (1) (2) (197 KB)
AGM Minutes pdf _PHONE_ BRBC AGM Minutes (605 KB)


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Ener-GY Plus is the brand new Roelmi HPC innovative active ingredient, developed by enzymatic technology.
This active supports cell vitality thanks to its efficacy in boosting mitochondrial biochemical pathways, improving in this way the skin ecosystem.
Scientific studies prove how microbiota and mitochondrial activity are influenced by each other. Starting from this concept, it has been demonstrated through efficacy data that Ener-GY plus helps in maintaining the physiological balance in skin microbiota composition.
In vitro tests confirm its energizing activity through the increase of the ATP content in cells with in addition a boost in mitochondrial activation.
In vivo tests show an improvement of skin elasticity and firmness, providing a great moisturizing and radiance effect.


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Yellow-bellied Longbill (Toxorhamphus novaeguineae) - HBW 13, p. 338
French: Toxoramphe à ventre jaune
Spanish: Picudo Ventrigualdo
Other common names: Green-crowned/Canary/New Guinea Longbill, Canary Bowbill/False-sunbird
Taxonomy: Cinnyris NovaeGuineae Lesson, 1827, Manokwari, north-west New Guinea.
Genus was in the past usually included within the honeyeater family (Meliphagidae), but DNA studies indicate that it belongs with present family. Present species and T. poliopterus form a species pair, the two replacing each other altitudinally, with only marginal overlap. Two subspecies recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution:
- novaeguineae (Lesson, 1827) - West Papuan Is (Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, Misool), Yapen I (in Geelvink Bay) and N & W mainland New Guinea (E to Astrolabe Bay and Ramu R and, in S, to Etna Bay).
- flaviventris (Rothschild & E. J. O. Hartert, 1911) - Aru Is, and S New Guinea from Utakwa E to Lakekamu R.
- Least Concern Enlarge map
- No sound recordings available yet


Periodic function
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The sine function is an example of a periodic function.
In mathematics, a periodic function is a function which has a repeated pattern (a period) which is continued infinitely.
Examples of periodic functions are the trigonometric functions sine and cosine, which both have a period of.


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This species of dinoflagellate is a rare visitor to the Rhode River area. The salinity of the mid-Chesapeake Bay is usually too low to support D. accuminata. It has been known to cause toxic shellfish poisoning. The cells average 48u in length and 16u wide with an average total volume of 3.2x103 cubic microns. During late winter and early spring of 2002,
D. accuminata grew to bloom proportions in the Potomac River causing oysters beds to be closed. A few wandering cells were found in main bay and near the mouth of the Rhode River.


Building a Source RPM from a Tarball
Onload User Guide (UG1586)
Document ID
UG1586
Release Date
2023-07-31
Revision
1.2 English
Alternatively, a source RPM can be built from the Onload tarball.
 1. Download the required tarball from the NIC Software and Drivers web page.
 2. As root, execute the following command:
 rpmbuild -ts onload-<version>.tgz*
 x86_64 Wrote: /root/rpmbuild/SRPMS/onload-<version>.src.rpm
 The output identifies the location of the source RPM. For instructions on installing this, see Building and Installing from a Source RPM.
 Note: Use the -ta option to generate a binary RPM.


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عنوان مقاله [English]
Various strategies can be used to provide proper lighting in urban public spaces. As such, this paper aimed to present and prioritize the strategies for urban street lighting using descriptive-analytical and case study methods and the techniques of interview, observation, and review of the related literature and visual documents so as to provide an opportunity for improving the quality of public spaces at night. To this end, Karim Khan Zand Street in Shiraz was selected as a case study. In the present study, SWOT analysis matrix was used to identify the optimal strategies for improving the quality of street lighting of Karim Khan Zand Street and Quantity Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was applied to prioritize these strategies. The items of SWOT matrix were specified and weighted based on interviews with a sample group of 25 experts who were selected by snowball sampling method. Based on the results of interviews with experts, overall, 12 internal factors (consisting of seven strengths and five weaknesses) and 12 external factors (including seven opportunities and five threats) were identified. Among the strengths, active uses and behavioral bases at night across large sections of the street that provide lighting for sidewalks in the absence of pedestrian lighting have the highest final scores. In addition, among the external factors, providing the necessary lighting on the path of pedestrians in order to increase security is considered as the most effective opportunity. Given the final total points of the internal (2.667) and external factors (2.568), the selected strategies seem to have been the aggressive ones. The results of the study suggest that strategies of proper lighting throughout the pedestrian path and a greater emphasis by lighting on the intersections of the roadway and the pedestrian path, providing appropriate conditions for the use of space at different times of day for various social groups, and emphasis on street linings by proper lighting are of the highest priority compared to the other strategies.


PIL reads and writes Windows and OS/2 BMP files containing "1", "L", "P", or "RGB" data. 16-colour images are read as "P" images. Run-length encoding is not supported.
Info Properties
The open method sets the following info properties:
Set to "bmp_rle" if the file is run-length encoded.


text:
Waterjet Cutting – Timeline
Waterjet cutting can be traced back to the 1930s when waterjet systems which were low on pressure were used for cutting papers. In the 1940s, waterjet cutting graduated to the aviation and automobile
The 1950s saw this custom cutting technology being utilized by the aerospace industry to cut through aerospace metals. This decade also witnessed the development of high pressure waterjet systems for
cutting out plastic shapes.
Fast-forward to the 1960s which saw the development of 50,000 psi systems for cutting through metal and stone. Polyethylene industry benefitted from the development of high pressure pumps during this
The 1970s were a quantum leap for the waterjet cutting technology with the development super high pressure pumps. The 1990s saw the development of motion control systems to discern waterjet with high degree of precision. The successful run of waterjet machines continues till date with the development of abrasive waterjet cutting machines which can make shapes out of a huge variety of material – right from titanium to stone.
The outlook for this custom cutting technology is quite promising – thanks to the production of machines that are simple to handle and which produce high precision results efficiently. No wonder it is
one of the quickest growing manufacturing technologies around the entire globe.
We offer highly customized and affordable waterjet cutting services in Punjab,, Chandigarh tricity and other parts of North India. Contact us for more information via the website form.


text:
Seasonal safeguarding reminder for Door Supervisors
Christmas is coming, and pubs and clubs will soon be full of Christmas get-togethers, office parties, and people celebrating the arrival of the holidays. It is also a time when some people can find themselves in a dangerous situation, either inside a venue or out on the streets, and in need of extra protection.
Door supervisors can make a big difference to the outcome of a night out by intervening to assist a vulnerable person in trouble and helping them to make it home safe.
We want to reinforce some of the key messages from our SIA-mandated door supervisor training and emphasise the importance of safeguarding vulnerable people in the night-time economy.
How can a door supervisor help to keep vulnerable people safe?
Recognise the risks to vulnerable people being ejected from, or refused entry to a venue, the risks include:
Being under the influence of drink or drugs
Receiving unwanted attention
Being too young to look after themselves
Becoming the target of a sexual predator
What actions can be taken by a door supervisor to protect vulnerable people?
Call a friend or relative to assist them
Call a licensed taxi to take them home
Use a 'safe haven'
Ask street pastors or street marshals to assist
Call the police
Can you recognise behaviours that could indicate potential sexual predators? These often include:
A lone male seen pestering a customer or member of staff
A heavily intoxicated female leaving with a male
A regular attendee frequently leaving with different intoxicated females
Finding a date-rape type drug on a person during a search


text: Cognitive abilities underpin almost every animal behaviour and allow them to gather, store, process, and use information essential for survival and reproduction. Great variation in cognitive abilities exists not only between different species, but even across individuals from the same population. This variation suggests that the evolution of cognition involves multiple factors. Cognitive abilities, their adaptive value, and their biological predictors remain poorly understood in wild animals and are particularly overlooked in fish. In this seminar, I will first talk about how we can objectively quantify fish cognition, including memory, learning, and self-control. I will then present experimental studies exploring how various traits and environmental factors impact cognition, from sex and age of the fish, to pharmacological pollution and climate change. Lastly, I will discuss selection on cognitive abilities in fish, its role in survival and reproduction.


Business Intelligence
10 steps to creating a scrolling Excel chart
When you have too many data points to display in a dashboard chart, add a scroll bar so users can still view all the data.
Sometimes a chart's underlying data doesn't fit in the chart window. When this happens, Excel tries to accommodate by shaving off a few values. You can make the chart bigger, but that won't always be feasible, especially in a dashboard sheet. Besides, you might have more points than even a large window can display. When this is the case, you can add a scroll bar that lets the user scroll through the data. While I've seen some complex techniques for employing this solution, my technique requires just 10 quick and easy steps.
Note: In step 10, I insert a column to center the dashboard components. Doing so changes many of the referenced cells and ranges throughout the first nine steps. If you're working with the downloadable demo, don't let those differences confuse you -- they'll all be off by one column.
1: Determine your needs
The data in the sheet named Scrolling Chart has a record for each month, beginning with January 31, 2010, and ending with September 30, 2012. Unfortunately, there are more points than the chart can display (Figure A).
Figure A
This simple line chart compensates for the numerous points by inhibiting the display of some of them.
To generate the chart, select the data, click the Insert tab, click the Line option in the Charts group, and select the first (and simplest) option. In Excel 2003, choose Chart from the Insert menu. We won't actually use this graph, but it's wise to create a default chart so you can see how well the chart window will accommodate the data.
2: Add the scroll bar control
After you know the size of your chart window, embed a scroll bar into the dashboard sheet. You could work in the same sheet as the data, but because we're simulating a dashboard environment, we'll work on a new sheet called Dashboard. To generate the chart, click the Developer tab and choose Scroll Bar Form Control from the Insert Controls option in the Controls group. In Excel 2003, this control is on the Forms toolbar. Drag the scroll bar to size it. The position isn't important right now -- you can move it later.
If the Developer tab isn't visible, click the File tab (the Office button in Excel 2007). Then, choose Options in the left pane or Excel Options, respectively. In the left pane, choose Customize Ribbon. Select Developer in the Main Tabs list to the right and click OK. In Excel 2007, select Show Developer Tab In The Ribbon and click OK.
3: Set the scroll bar's properties
Properties determine the scroll bar's behavior, so click Properties in the Controls group and set them as shown in Figure B. Right-click the 2003 control to access its properties. Then, click OK to return to the sheet. These settings determine how the control behaves:
 - Current Value: 1 -- Stores the control's current value; 1 is an anchoring value.
 - Minimum Value: 1 -- The control's first value.
 - Maximum Value: 33 -- Initially, use the number of records in your data range.
 - Incremental Change: 1 -- This is the number of data points the scroll bar will scroll with each click (increasing or decreasing the current value).
 - Page Change: This represents the number of data points displayed. Because we're displaying monthly values, 12 seems appropriate.
 - Cell Link: B1 -- Use any empty cell you like. This cell will store the control's current value.
Figure B
Customize these settings to accommodate your data.
To see how the scroll bar works, move the thumb or click the arrows and watch the value in the linked cell (B1) change.
4: Generate the charted data
The easiest way to display a subset of data in a chart is to create a subset of data. Because we're viewing monthly values, displaying 12 points at a time seems reasonable. We'll use a matrix of INDEX() functions to create the subset. First, copy the heading labels from the data range to the Dashboard sheet. Then, in the top-left corner of the subset table (Dashboard!A4 in our example) enter the following function:
=INDEX('Scrolling chart'!A2:A34,$B$1)
The first argument references the first column of data (don't reference the header cell). The second argument references the scroll bar's linked cell on the dashboard sheet.
5: Copy the formulas
After entering the anchor formula, copy it to column B. Then, copy the formulas in cells A4:B4 to A5:B15. Figure C shows the results: a matrix that comprises the first 12 rows of data in the original data range.
Figure C
With the scroll bar's value set to 1, the matrix displays the first 12 rows of data.
6: Spot a problem!
At this point, you can use the scroll bar control to update the matrix values and subsequently, the chart. For instance, click the right arrow five times and the matrix displays rows 6 through 18 instead of rows 2 through 13. As you click the control's arrows, the value in the linked cell (B2) changes, updating the second argument in the INDEX() functions.
Figure D shows what happens when you move the scroll bar to the far right -- you get several rows of invalid data. You can't let the scroll bar display the last record as the first row of data in the matrix. Instead, the last available view should display the last 12 records (rows 23 through 34).
Figure D
The scroll bar goes too far.
7: Tweak a property
Fortunately, the fix is easy. Right-click the scroll bar and choose Format Control from the resulting submenu. Change the Maximum Value property to 22 and click OK. Now, the last possible view displays the last 12 rows of data, as shown in Figure E. If you add or delete records, you must update this property by increasing or reducing the setting by the number of records you add or delete.
Figure E
The matrix should always display 12 valid records.
8: Chart the matrix
Instead of charting the original data range, you chart the matrix on the Dashboard page. To do so, select the matrix range -- A3:B15 -- and use the instructions in step 1 to embed a line chart in the Dashboard sheet, as shown in Figure F. Remember, the matrix doesn't have to be next to the chart. I'm doing so to simplify the example, but you can display both or just the chart on your dashboard.
Figure F
The chart displays the matrix, not the original data range.
9: Use the scroll bar
With the pieces in place, use the scroll bar to update the chart. To do so, click the arrows or drag the thumb. As shown in Figure G, the matrix and the chart both adjust appropriately.
Figure G
The chart displays the matrix values, which change as you manipulate the scroll bar.
10: Add a bit of polish
The technique is now complete, but you'll want to position and format the chart and the scroll bar advantageously. You might have noticed that the horizontal axis isn't displaying the actual dates from column A. If that matters, fix it as follows:
 1. Right-click the horizontal axis and choose Format Axis.
 2. Under Axis Type (in the Axis Options pane, which should be the default), click the Text Axis option.
 3. Click OK.
You might consider enlarging the control's width to match the chart. I also inserted a new column to the left of the matrix to center the components a bit. (As I noted earlier, this means that the referenced cells throughout this article won't match the downloadable demo.) In addition, you might want to inhibit the sheet visuals by clicking the View tab and unchecking the Gridlines, Formula Bar, and Headings options in the Show group.
Finally, protect the sheet contents as follows:
 1. Right-click B1, the linked cell that stores the scroll bar's current value, and choose Format Cells.
 2. On the Protection tab, uncheck Locked.
 3. From the Format drop-down in the Cells group (on the Home tab), choose Protect Sheet.
 4. Select only the Select Unlocked Cells option and click OK. (Enter a password if you like.)
After protecting the sheet, shown in Figure H, the only thing you can select is the scroll bar.
Figure H
Polish the sheet to make it a bit more dashboard-like -- and don't forget to protect the sheet.
Yes, you can. You can, even, embed the scroll bar within the graph. There are out there other tips and tricks about excel graphs like showing/hiding data series regarding the check-boxes you checked/unchecked for instance. There are a few books about excel graphs that deserves to be red. ITWare2008
I didn't realise that you could use graphs with controls. Nice tip. :)
Editor's Picks


Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
Title: Francis Ebejer as a novelist : a leap into probability
Authors: Briffa, Charles
Keywords: Ebejer, Francis, _PHONE_. Leap of Malta Dolphins
Ebejer, Francis, _PHONE_. Come Again in Spring
Ebejer, Francis, _PHONE_. Requiem for a Malta Fascist
Ebejer, Francis, _PHONE_. Wild Spell of Summer
Ebejer, Francis, _PHONE_ -- Criticism and interpretation
Ebejer, Francis, _PHONE_ -- Themes and motives
Ebejer, Francis, _PHONE_. In the Eye of the Sun
Issue Date: 2002
Publisher: De La SaIle Brothers Publications
Citation: Briffa, C. (2002). Francis Ebejer as a novelist : a leap into probability. In: S. J. A. Clews (ed.), The Malta Year Book 2002. Malta: De La SaIle Brothers Publications, pp. 550-563.
Abstract: Anyone interested in Maltese novelists and their works is likely to deal with the relatively recent adaptation of the form in Maltese literature. When we come to analyse the contemporary novel, which is often psycho-social in nature, then we are bound to consider how it differs from the historical novel of the romantic period. Affirming that the modern differs substantially from that of the past, as is commonly assumed, then our next task is to discover the reason why it appeared in its new robe when it did. The change came in a time of great political shift, when the Maltese national self was seeking (and maybe is still seeking) self-assertion? This affirmation leads to another question: how does a single novelist manage to reveal the national self? A writer like Francis Ebejer (_PHONE_) does it through the odd individual who starts as an alienated figure, set apart from the rest of the cast, but who finds himself entangled in circumstances in which he traps others. This alienated individual operates in an environment"- a local onebut he assumes universal dimension because he is representative of the contemporary intellectual who indulges in a glimpse of the future.
Appears in Collections:Malta Yearbook : 2002
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651.23 kBAdobe PDFView/Open Request a copy


text:
On Unix, the connection capture component performing the SFTP conversion is installed from a separate installation package
ssh-tectia-capture. For installation instructions, see Chapter 2.
On Unix, the FTP-SFTP conversion activation requires defining the filter rules for SFTP conversion in the Connection Broker configuration and then running the
The FTP-SFTP conversion settings are defined in the Connection Broker configuration file. The following example configuration converts any FTP connections to port 21 on any host to SFTP, and allows falling back to plain text transfer mode in case the secure connection cannot be established. The user name and the destination host name are taken from the application that initiates the connection.

With the above configuration, you can start an FTP session for example to host address
ftp.example.org with FTP-SFTP conversion enabled by running the following command:
$ ssh-capture ftp ftp.example.org
The SSH Tectia ConnectSecure has an option to allow plaintext FTP used if the secure SFTP connection cannot be established. You can enable fallback to plaintext FTP in the configuration file as shown above and then by adding option
--fallback to the command:
$ ssh-capture -F ftp ftp.example.org
When allowing fallback to plaintext with setting
fallback-to-plain="yes", always specify the port unambiquously in the configuration. Otherwise, the connection to a plaintext FTP server may fail in passive mode file transfer.
To start a bash shell session with FTP-SFTP conversion enabled for all commands, run the following command:
$ ssh-capture bash
Note that there are limitations on capturing suid applications. For more information, see the Note about capture restrictions.


text:
Maldi can be used to test for a wide range of blood disorders including sickle cell, beta-thallessemia, and blood poisoning. The best part is that the tests cna be run from the same sample reducing costs and stress for patients.
CQ is collaborating with Map Sciences and academia to develop the first Maldi based viral test. Preliminary development is complete and we are looking for partners to validate.
Fertility testing can be an expensive process for those struggling to start a family. We have new solutions for embryo testing that is more accurate and significantly cheaper than pcr techniques.
Diabetes testing on the Maldi not only can detect diabetes but identify people in prediabetic states providing a better way to monitor wellness.


text:
Q. Why have my rhododendron's leaves turned brown and curled up this winter? Will my shrub be all right? — Beth, Monticello
A. When the temperature drops below 35 degrees F, rhododendron leaves begin to cup and curl at the edges. At 24 degrees, the leaves have curled so tight that half the leaf surface has disappeared and the leaves droop. When temperatures hit the teens and below, leaves shrivel even tighter and can turn brownish-green and dangle like stiff string beans.
This response to temperature changes is a rhododendron's method of preventing loss of moisture through the leaves.
The upper side of the rhododendron's leaf is leathery. The bottom side is dappled with tiny air valves that control the flow of air in and out of the leaf. Cold air contains less moisture than warm air. So, when low temperatures and high winds arrive, the leaf leaves close.
By looking out a window on a wintry day, one can determine roughly how cold it is by how much the rhododendron leaves have curled and dropped. The subzero temperatures we have had the last week or so have caused this to happen to your shrub.
When temperatures rise again, the leaves will open again.
It is interesting to note that rhododendrons have a similar response in summer when the temperatures become excessively high. Instead of curling down, the leaves curl upward to prevent undue moisture loss.
Rhododendrons are also subject to leaf scorch in winter, particularly in January, February and March when the sun moves northward. That is why these plants prefer growing in shaded areas such as the shadow of a building or tall tree.
Winter protection in severe climates can be given to a rhododendron by means of a temporary windbreak such as burlap stretched between poles in front of the shrub. Your shrub will also thrive better when mulch is added after the ground has frozen.
Q. We recently moved to this area and were surprised to see so many squirrels in our bird feeders during this frigid weather. Don't they hibernate like other animals? — Judy, Wurtsboro
A. Some animals do hibernate in winter. In New York state, black bears, woodchucks (sometimes called groundhogs), jumping mice and some bats, such as the little brown bat, are mammals that hibernate.
Many reptiles and amphibians also hibernate. These include turtles, frogs, salamanders and snakes.
Some fish even hibernate. The carp covers itself with mud and sleeps in the bottom of the pond.
Many insects hibernate.
However, some animals only nap in winter, waking up to eat and even go out if the weather is mild. These include chipmunks, skunks and squirrels.
So the squirrels you see are nappers that sometimes have food stored so that they can get it easily when they wake up. They will venture out for food when it is readily available in a feeder.
The hibernators or deep sleepers will soon be venturing out as the temperatures begin to warm up.
February thaws may bring out furry raccoons and skunks. Feb. 2 is supposed to bring out the woodchuck for Groundhog Day, but by late February, both woodchuck and skunk tracks are common. It is during this later winter period that males are checking all the neighboring dens for their lady friends.
Susan M. Dollard is the Master Gardener program coordinator at the Cornell Cooperative Extension of Sullivan County.


text:
Study of impact of liquid droplets on glass prism surface
Date of Issue2016-05-30
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Droplet impact is a natural, common but complex phenomena that occurs in everyday life. It plays an important role in many and almost any situation where fluids is involved. The study of droplet impact in fluid mechanics has been ongoing for many years, but the behaviours that droplets exhibit are still being discussed extensively. Many research have been done and papers published, but there are still numerous potential areas of study that can be done. This study observes the impact of droplets of water, and five other liquids characterised by their low surface tension. Several equations and models from previous studies will be reviewed and referenced in attempt to fit the behaviours of these liquids to a scale that may or may not be existing. This paper will also show that using images of droplets captured from the side has its limitations. By using a relatively new method to capture images of droplets from the bottom, comparisons can be made and the differences in images from the two views can be identified. With this method, more accurate results and wider range of study in the field of fluid mechanics may be possible. A subproject dealing with hydrophobic spray makes use of this method to observe wetting areas of a coated surface.
DRNTU::Engineering::Mechanical engineering::Fluid mechanics
Final Year Project (FYP)
Nanyang Technological University


A general method for addressing forecasting uncertainty in inventory models
Dennis Prak, Ruud Teunter
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
15 Citations (Scopus)
In practice, inventory decisions depend heavily on demand forecasts, but the literature typically assumes that demand distributions are known. This means that estimates are substituted directly for the unknown parameters, leading to insufficient safety stocks, stock-outs, low service, and high costs. We propose a framework for addressing this estimation uncertainty that is applicable to any inventory model, demand distribution, and parameter estimator. The estimation errors are modeled and a predictive lead time demand distribution obtained, which is then substituted into the inventory model. We illustrate this framework for several different demand models. When the estimates are based on ten observations, the relative savings are typically between 10% and 30% for mean-stationary demand. However, the savings are larger when the estimates are based on fewer observations, when backorders are costlier, or when the lead time is longer. In the presence of a trend, the savings are between 50% and 80% for several scenarios.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)224-238
JournalInternational Journal of Forecasting
Issue number1
Publication statusPublished - 2019
Externally publishedYes
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'A general method for addressing forecasting uncertainty in inventory models'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
Design of magneto-rheological brake for optimum dimension
- 160 Downloads
Online control of braking performance of magneto-rheological (MR) brake by bridling the apparent viscosity of MR fluid and by amending magnetic field is considered as an effective and smart option to replace the conventional disc brake. The magnetic field procreated by electromagnet in MR brake is reliant on dimensions and material properties of MR brake (casing, rotor and MR fluid region). Extensive works have been reported on enhancing the magnetic properties of MR fluid to achieve maximum braking performance; however, scarce works are available that reflects that the dimensions of MR brake influence the braking performance. Prior works on MR brakes focus on designing for meticulous outer dimensions of brakes, and thus, their results find little utility to a new designer. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to propose a methodology to determine the dimension of MR brake for a given outer dimensions, which shall provide maximum braking performance. The, braking performance is evaluated by assessing the effective torque and brake density. Magneto-static analysis using ANSYS is employed for determining the magnetic field in the MR region, and thereafter, the braking torque is calculated. From the obtained results, curve fit equations are proposed to estimate the values of (i) MR brake casing thickness, (ii) height of the MR brake to rotor, (iii) thickness of core, and (iv) thickness of MR fluid region, for achieving maximum torque. To validate the proposed methodology, MR brake with two different electromagnets and rotors is developed. The static performance of MR brake is evaluated by measuring the braking torque for different currents using a torque wrench and the dynamic performance of the MR brakes is performed on an MR brake test setup. The dynamic performance is evaluated by measuring viscous torque. Finally, the comparisons of the theoretical and experimental results are performed and the obtained results are presented.
KeywordsMR brake Effective torque Brake density Fractional factorial table
Authors acknowledge the funding, technical, instrumentation support, and experimental facility from the Center for System Design Lab: A Centre of excellence at NITK Surathkal.
- 2.Sohn JW, Jeon J, Nguyen QH, Choi SB (2015) Optimal design of disc-type magneto-rheological brake for mid-sized motorcycle: experimental evaluation. Smart Mater Struct 24:1–11Google Scholar
- 5.Poznić A, Zelić A, Szabó L (2012) Magnetorheological fluid brake basic performances testing with magnetic field efficiency improvement proposal. Hung J Ind Chem 40(2):107–111Google Scholar
- 8.Bhau K, Satyajit RP, Suresh MS (2015) Synthesis and characterization of magneto-rheological (MR) fluids for MR brake application. Eng Sci Technol 18:432–438Google Scholar
- 13.Shamieh H, Sedaghati R (2016) Design optimization of a magneto-rheological fluid brake for vehicle applications. In: ASME 2016 conference on smart materials, adaptive structures and intelligent systems. American Society of Mechanical EngineersGoogle Scholar
- 15.Sumukha M H, Sandeep R, Vivek N, Lijesh K P, Kumar H, Gangadharan KV (2017) Design and development of magneto-rheological brake for optimum casing thickness. In: International conference on innovative mechanisms for industry applications (ICIMIA), pp 704–709Google Scholar
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