Home / Blog / Claris Connect's Super-power: Webhooks
Claris Connect's Super-power: Webhooks
Claris Connect has one connector that packs an enormous amount of punch: webhooks.
Figure 1: Screenshot of the details for the Webhooks connector
Figure 1: Webhooks connector detail
With a webhook as a Trigger, you can make Claris Connect act as a web service without writing a single line of code.
And with a webhook as an Action in your flow, you can communicate with Cloud apps or on-premise apps that are not covered by the regular Claris Connect connectors.
A webhook does this: If an event happens in System A, then System A will send some data about that event to System B, and it does that over an HTTP connection (typically HTTPS to encrypt the data).
For this to work, System B needs to be listening for HTTPS connections at all times and process the data that is being sent its way.
In essence, System B is a web service, and its URL is configured in System A so that System A knows where to send its data.
Let's walk through an example. You have a FileMaker app where you track your sales, your customers, and their payments.
For your payment processing, you use Authorize.Net, which happens to be a cloud app that is not currently covered by Claris Connect.
You do, however, want to receive notifications when a fraud alert happens with one of the payments. Authorize.Net has an API endpoint to retrieve the list of payments held for potential fraud reasons. You could write a script in your FileMaker app to call that API endpoint and retrieve the list of transactions on a timed schedule. FileMaker is really good at calling APIs and working with the JSON data that it receives from those calls.
But a timed schedule is not real-time enough for your purpose. You want something to happen in your FileMaker app as soon as the Fraud alert happens at Authorize.Net.
Authorize.Net allows you to specify a URL where it can send these notifications as they happen.
Figure 2: Screenshot of Authorize.Net account settings
Figure 2: Authorize.Net Account Settings
So what do you put in that "Endpoint URL" field, that is where Authorize.Net will send the notification and event data.
You could configure the Data API in your FileMaker, which will make your FileMaker Server behave as a web service that you can send data too. But there is a disconnect between what Authorize.Net sends (see Figure 3) and what FileMaker Server expects to receive (see Figure 4). They both have their own JSON dialect if you will. The figure below shows the difference.
Figure 3: Screenshot showing what Authorize.Net sends
Figure 3: What Authorize.Net sends…
Figure 4: Screenshot of what the FileMaker Server Data API expects
Figure 4: …what the FileMaker Server Data API expects
You cannot make Authorize.Net change what they send, and you cannot make FileMaker Server expect a different JSON structure. What this means is that we cannot use the FileMaker Server Data API URL as a webhook for Authorize.Net.
Traditionally this problem would require putting something in the middle, something that can receive the JSON from the sender and transform it into JSON that FileMaker Server can receive. The FileMaker community has created wrappers around the Data API to facilitate this and to allow you to author these middleware web services in whatever web technology you prefer (or that you are mandated to use): JavaScript,.NET, Java, PHP, Ruby, Python, etc. This, of course, requires some level of proficiency in those technologies, and that puts it out of reach for many.
Now, however, you can use Claris Connect to act as the middleman.
Start a new flow in Claris Connect and choose Webhooks as your trigger. It will default to "Incoming HTTP request," which is exactly what we need.
Figure 5: Screenshot of the Webhooks trigger that defaults to Incoming HTTP request
Figure 5: Webhook trigger defaults to "Incoming HTTP Request"
Next, if you have existing webhooks like I do, you will be able to pick from your existing ones, but for this purpose, create a new one.
Figure 6: Screenshot of creating a new webhook
Figure 6: Create a new webhook
Once you give your webhook a meaningful name, Claris Connect will generate a unique URL for it, and that is the URL that you will enter in the Authorize.Net configuration:
Figure 7: Screenshot of generated URL
Figure 7: Unique URL generated by Claris Connect
At this point, Claris Connect expects you to send something to that webhook URL so that it can learn what the structure of what it will receive and make it available to you for the next steps in your flow.
For this, I typically use Postman so that I can test without having to fire an actual event on the Authorize.Net side.
Use the URL from the Claris Connect Webhook and take the JSON example from Authorize.Net to put together the Postman test call.
Figure 8: Screenshot putting together the Postman test call
Figure 8: Postman test call
When you send the request, Claris Connect will confirm that it has received the payload, and you can proceed with the rest of the flow.
Figure 9: Screenshot of confirmation that connection is complete
Figure 9: Confirmation that connection is complete
Select the relevant FileMaker connector for your setup and select the "Create Record" action:
Figure 10: Screenshot with
Figure 10: Select the "Create Record" action
Create a new connection or use the relevant existing one that points to your FileMaker file where the data lives and select a layout that exposes the required fields. You can then select from the elements that the webhook received to fill in your FileMaker fields.
Figure 11. Screenshot of elements that the webhook received
Figure 11: Elements received by the webhook
Once you have confirmed that everything works, you can take the webhook URL and set it up on Authorize.Net.
And that is it.
In a manner of minutes, you have built a fully functional web service that receives data from a cloud app that does not have a pre-built connector. That is the power of webhooks as they are implemented in Claris Connect.
Here's another example of using a Claris Connect webhook (in French from 1-more-thing, using a WordPress site and the WooCommerce plugin).
There are few gotchas of course:
 - You cannot send XML; only JSON can be sent to a Claris Connect webhook. If the other system can only send XML, then you will still need some middle-man web service that you build yourself.
 - Some APIs require you to send a particular HTTP response when you receive a webhook message: for instance, Microsoft's Office 365 API expects an answer with "202 – accepted". Claris Connect can handle that by using a Webhook as the next action in the flow and selecting the required status code.
Figure 12: Screenshot of selecting the required status code
Figure 12: Select the required status code
The "$" character in JSON key names is not accepted by Claris Connect. That means that if the other system sends data like this:
Figure 13: Screenshot of JSON key name
Figure 13: JSON key name
Claris Connect will throw an error and not run your flow. Other characters such as "@" are fine, which is important because the "@" character is used a lot in key names with OData-compatible systems.
The goal for this blog post was to illustrate the tremendous power that comes from being able to consume webhooks and the doors it opens to integrations with a wide variety of systems that support it.
As always, please reach out to us with any questions.
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The Brussels Briefing 53 discusses the policies and actions required to support the next generation of farmers to increase productivity, better access to remunerative markets and increased use of technology. It also shares lessons learned from successes in farming across ACP and EU regions.
The Brussels Briefing 52 discusses food safety and the food system in Africa, including the impact and lessons from the Global Food Safety Partnership, and the successes and challenges in advancing policy and practice in relation to food safety and sanitation.
The Brussels Briefing 51 discusses successes in the agricultural sector in some fragile countries which highlight entrepreneurship initiatives in the ground which support the various value chain actors, rural communities, young and women entrepreneurs. While many challenges exist, the Briefing will demonstrate that new opportunities can also be leveraged and resilience shown.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Tips for Keeping your Poultry Hydrated During Hot WeatherPosted: August 15, 2018
Water is essential in your poultry surviving the hot weather. Here are some tips for keeping your poultry hydrated during the summer months.
- Position water containers in the shade. If water is too hot (or too cold) chickens will not drink enough to keep egg production up.
- Adjust waterers to shoulder height. This will help keep the litter dry.
- If food, bedding or feces gets into drinking water, change it.
- Ducklings and goslings need access to fresh, clean drinking water. However, they love to play in water and will quickly soil it. Use a water dispenser that allows only their bills to enter. Put distance between their feed and water dispensers to prevent cross contamination.
- Grown ducks need access to water at least one or two inches deep in order to groom themselves.
- Ducks and geese do not require swimming water, but they must always have fresh drinking water available.
- Baby turkeys sometimes need extra coaxing to drink water. One trick is to put a few bright-colored marbles in their water. When they peck at the marbles, their beaks will slip into the water. Pretty soon, they'll get the hang of it. Remove the marbles before the birds get enough to swallow them.
Source material for this blog article was provided by Purina Mills, Inc. © 2007

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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NASA Custom-Built Proximity Laser In Action Today...
As of this writing, the International Space Station (ISS) has been in low orbit over the earth for 5,449 days, 7 hours, 31 minutes, and 58 seconds…and counting! You may recall from one of our earlier blogs that in 1993 Laser Technology was approached by NASA. They needed a custom-built close proximity laser that could measure both distances and speeds for their space docking missions. LTI was awarded the contract and began engineering and designing the laser needed to accommodate NASA.
Luca Parmitano, a flight engineer of Expedition 37,
using LTI laser rangefinder in space.
Since NASA needed to accurately measure the proximity and velocity from the space shuttle to their now privately owned Intelsat satellites; radar technology was out -- it would have damaged the sensitive circuitry of their equipment. LTI's laser-based technology was the perfect alternative.
In September 2013 'Expedition 37' began undocking from Soyuz TMA-08M to receive three new crew members; Fyodor Yurchikhin, Karen Nyberg, and Luca Parmitano. Luca can be seen using LTI's NASA Laser to dock with the Cygnus cargo craft.
When NASA closed it set up a space partnership with Orbital Sciences Corporation located in Dulles, VA to in part supply the Space Station with supplies and equipment. Cygnus's most recent delivery brought about 1,300 pounds of cargo including food, clothing and student experiments.
The 'Expedition 37' crew of the ISS wrapped up the workweek last Friday with a full slate of robotics, physics and human research experiments. With continual docking and undocking Laser Technology's twenty year old NASA Laser continues to play an integral role in this ongoing discovery in space.
If you're interested in watching space docking maneuvers NASA TV provided live coverage of the newest U.S. commercial cargo spacecraft October 18, 2013, and will also cover the departure of the fourth European Space Agency (ESA) Automated Transfer Vehicle beginning at 4:45 am EST Monday October 28, 2013; the LTI Docking System will of course be used.
To experience the most accurate speed and range pulse lasers on the planet, let us put one of LTI's family of lasers in your hands for a test drive. Call 1-800-OWN-A-LTI or email us for a practical demonstration.
Read LTI's Historical Moment on the NASA Close Proximity Laser
More information on Expedition 37.


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A MISSING piece will be added to Museum Victoria's extensive collection of more than 35,000 specimens when the first full humpback whale skeleton arrives in Carlton on Thursday.
The 13-metre skeleton, weighing a hefty 3.5 tonnes, has spent the past year buried in sand on a section of Gippsland's Ninety Mile Beach Beach between Woodside and Seaspray.
The adolescent male, which would have weighed about 30 tonnes, washed up last September and died soon after beaching itself.
While humpback whales are not a rare species, they have remained a missing piece of the museum's collection because undamaged specimens can be hard to reach.
''For a whale of this size to wash up on a beach with such good access is a real bonus,'' said Museum Victoria manager of preparations Peter Swinkels.
It took two days last year to strip the carcass back to a skeleton and break it up into manageable sections. Museum staff were able to remove 90 per cent of the meat and blubber. Internal organs were also removed and tissue and barnacle samples taken for the museum's molecular laboratory.
But there's only so much that can be removed manually. The rest was left to nature, with researchers burying the bones in sand so bacteria and other sea life could get to work.
The unusual cargo will arrive in Melbourne by truck. Before joining the collection it must be soaked in hot water, air dried and frozen to kill any bugs before being reassembled and going on display by mid-next year.
''The marine mammal collection has 1500 specimens, which makes it one of the largest in the southern hemisphere if not the world,'' said senior curator of mammals Kevin Rowe.
Whaling ceased on Australia's east coast in the 1960s, by which time the number of humpback whales had fallen to about 100. The population revived and there are now more than 8000 passing through Australian waters to breed.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Front Page Titles (by Subject) The Doctrine of Population. - The Theory of Political Economy
The Online Library of Liberty
A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.
The Doctrine of Population. - William Stanley Jevons, The Theory of Political Economy
The Theory of Political Economy (London: Macmillan, 1888) 3rd ed.
About Liberty Fund:
The text is in the public domain.
Fair use statement:
The Doctrine of Population.
IT is no part of my purpose in this work to attempt to trace out, with any approach to completeness, the results of the theory given in the preceding chapters. When the views of the nature of Value, and the general method of treating the subject by the application of the fluxional calculus, have received some recognition and acceptance, it will be time to think of results. I shall therefore only occupy a few more pages in pointing out the branches of economic doctrine which have been passed over, and in indicating their connection with the theory.
The doctrine of population has been conspicuously absent, not because I doubt in the least its truth and vast importance, but because it forms no part of the direct problem of Economics. I do not remember to have seen it remarked that it is an inversion of the problem to treat labour as a varying quantity, when we originally start with labour as the first element of production, and aim at the most economical employment of that labour. The problem of Economics may, as it seems to me, be stated thus:—Given, a certain population, with various needs and powers of production, in possession of certain lands and other sources of material: required, the mode of employing their labour which will maximise the utility of the produce. It is what mathematicians would call a change of the variable, afterwards to treat that labour as variable which was originally a fixed quantity. It really amounts to altering the conditions of the problem so as to create at each change a new problem. The same results, however, would generally be obtained by supposing the other conditions to vary. Given, a certain population, we may imagine the land and capital at their disposal to be greater or less, and may then trace out the results which will, in many respects, be applicable respectively to a less or greater population with the original land and capital.


text: Image stitching is a classical and crucial technique in computer vision, which aims to generate the image with a wide field of view. The traditional methods heavily depend on the feature detection and require that scene features be dense and evenly distributed in the image, leading to varying ghosting effects and poor robustness. Learning methods usually suffer from fixed view and input size limitations, showing a lack of generalization ability on other real datasets. In this paper, we propose an image stitching learning framework, which consists of a large-baseline deep homography module and an edge-preserved deformation module. First, we propose a large-baseline deep homography module to estimate the accurate projective transformation between the reference image and the target image in different scales of features. After that, an edge-preserved deformation module is designed to learn the deformation rules of image stitching from edge to content, eliminating the ghosting effects as much as possible. In particular, the proposed learning framework can stitch images of arbitrary views and input sizes, thus contribute to a supervised deep image stitching method with excellent generalization capability in other real images. Experimental results demonstrate that our homography module significantly outperforms the existing deep homography methods in the large baseline scenes. In image stitching, our method is superior to the existing learning method and shows competitive performance with state-of-the-art traditional methods.


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Apple Professional Learning (APL)
For the complete utilization of Apple devices to their full potential, iPlanet Educationprovides instruction, coaching, and support from a network of Apple Professional Learning Specialists (APLS). Trainers have the knowledge and expertise that integrate innovative technology into your teaching process. With APL, better engagement and learning goals are met through leadership visioning and professional learning plans.
Furthermore, with the APD program, there is the opportunity to become an Apple certified teacher, designed by and for the educators showing how Apple technology drastically improves the learning environment, with interactive and handpicked materials, lesson ideas, and inspiration from other educators.


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Using the ArcToolbox window
In any ArcGIS Desktop application, you open the ArcToolbox window with the Show/Hide ArcToolbox Window button found on the standard toolbar or by clicking Geoprocessing > ArcToolbox.
Key features of the ArcToolbox window
You can customize the contents by adding and removing toolboxes
To add any toolbox to the ArcToolbox window, right-click the ArcToolbox entry and click Add Toolbox as illustrated below. Browse to the location containing the toolbox you want to add and select the toolbox.
To remove a toolbox, right-click the toolbox and click Remove. The toolbox will be removed from the window contents but will not be deleted from disk.
The contents of the ArcToolbox window are saved with your document
This is perhaps the most useful feature of the ArcToolbox window. You can customize the contents of the window to contain just those toolboxes you need for your current project. When you save your ArcMap, ArcGlobe, or ArcScene document, the contents of the ArcToolbox window are saved. The next time you open the document, the window will be the same as when you saved the document. See below for more information about saving and loading the contents.
ArcToolbox window displays the toolbox label, not its name
The Catalog window displays the toolbox name. The ArcToolbox window displays the toolbox label. This may take you by surprise if you add a toolbox whose name is different than its label.
The ArcToolbox window contains shortcuts to toolboxes
The toolboxes you see in the ArcToolbox window are references to a toolbox. They are analogous to shortcuts in Windows Explorer or layers within ArcMap. This means that if you remove a toolbox from the window, you're simply removing it from the list and not truly deleting it on disk. However, if you delete one of its tools, the tool is deleted from the toolbox on disk. In this way, toolboxes in the window behave like feature layers in ArcMap—if you remove a feature layer in the ArcMap table of contents, the dataset it refers to is not deleted. However, if you start editing the contents of the layer and delete a feature, the feature is deleted from the dataset on disk. It's the same way with toolboxes in the window—if you delete one of its members (a toolset or tool), it is permanently deleted from the toolbox.
The ArcToolbox shortcut menu
You can add any custom or system toolbox by browsing and selecting the toolbox.
If you want to create a new empty toolbox, click Add Toolbox and browse to the location where you want to create the toolbox. In the Add Toolbox window, click the new toolbox button, as illustrated below.
This opens the geoprocessing Environment Settings window.
Hide Locked Tools
When checked, only those tools for which you have a license will appear in the window. Only tool product level licenses (ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo) are examined—individual extension licenses are not examined.
Save Settings and Load Settings
Geoprocessing settings are the list of toolboxes found in the ArcToolbox window. You can save these settings for later loading.
Save Settings > To File will save the list of toolboxes and environment settings to an.xml file. You can load these settings by clicking Load Settings > From File and browsing to a saved.xml file.
You can also save settings as the default settings so that the next time you create a new document, the ArcToolbox window will read the default settings. To save your settings to the default settings, click Save Settings > To Default. You can also load the default settings using Load Settings > From Default.
Geoprocessing settings do not include a toolbox's toolsets and tools. Toolbox content is read when you start an application and open the ArcToolbox window.
The contents of the ArcToolbox window in ArcCatalog are the default settings. If you change the contents of the ArcToolbox window in ArcCatalog, the default settings will be overwritten when you exit ArcCatalog.
Toolbox contents in multiple applications
If you have only one application open on your computer, the contents of the Catalog and ArcToolbox windows are kept synchronized; if you remove a tool from a toolbox in the ArcToolbox widow, the Catalog window is immediately updated, showing that the tool was removed. Likewise, if you delete a tool from a toolbox in the catalog tree, the ArcToolbox window is immediately updated.
However, If you have multiple application sessions open, such as an ArcCatalog and an ArcMap session, the contents of a toolbox are not synchronized between the two application sessions. For example, if you delete a tool in one application session, it will still be present in the other application and can still be executed. This occurs because all applications, when they are started, read the contents of all toolboxes and store the contents in memory. As you delete, remove, or add tools, these changes are made in memory and are not written to disk until you exit the application session. This means that you can always use a tool that was present when the session began, even if another application removed it.
The general rule is that if you are altering toolbox content, alter it in one application, then exit and restart other applications to see the changes.


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Daniel A. Farber
University of California, Berkeley – School of Law
February 7, 2016
UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper No. _PHONE_
Deadlines are a ubiquitous feature of lawmaking in contexts such diverse settings as agency rulemakings, federal appropriations, and international negotiations. Despite the expectation that these deadlines will drive conflicting parties toward agreement or overcome bureaucratic inertia, their impact on decision making is mixed, often producing only modest improvements in speed, and perhaps sometimes none at all. On the downside, deadlines can sometimes reduce the quality of decisions or encourage brinksmanship when missing a deadline would have draconian consequences. If there is a case for deadlines, then, it is an uneasy one. Game theory suggests some possibilities for to increase the effectiveness of deadlines as action-forcing strategies, such as improving information sharing between actors and providing enforcement mechanisms for negotiated outcomes.


The Stream Doctor
October 20th, 2003
Q. From W. Powell. Hi Doc: For twenty five years I've been fishing for trout during the winter and for more than half of that time I've had doubts about the survival rate of fish released when the water temperatures are so cold that the fish's metabolic functions are lower and the forage levels are severely decreased. Although I experience my most productive fishing from November through March, I would certainly rather discontinue the practice than kill fish. Have you any light to shed on this issue?
A. First of all, I'll relieve your concerns; enjoy your winter fishing. Here's why.
We're looking at several interacting factors here that influence the potential impact of winter trout fishing. Let me discuss these with you.
Evidence from some studies in southern Ontario revealed that during winter, trout remained thin despite having full stomachs. In other words, although food is plentiful (see below) and the trout feed regularly, their metabolic rate is too slow to assimilate the food and convert it to body tissue. Similar results have been found in California and elsewhere in Canada. This would indicate that trout, being in poorer condition during winter, might be more susceptible to fishing impacts.
On the other hand, I talked to two local fisheries biologists (one state and one university) about your question. The state biologist said that in the fisheries he supervises in this area, he sees no detrimental impact of winter fishing on local trout populations. The key word here is "populations." Biologists think in terms of overall fish populations when interpreting impacts, whereas individual anglers are probably concerned with impact on individual fish (is the one I just released going to make it or not?) as well as what impact they may be having on the overall population. His overall reaction based on his experience was to go ahead and enjoy your winter angling. The university biologist thought that factors favoring trout survival during winter were related to the fact that trout are more lethargic in colder water, fight less, and thus experience less stress than those fighting in warmer temperatures.
Another point in this respect is the problem of trying to answer your question in generalities without knowing where you fish or the type of water. Whereas the state biologist found no problems here, I expect that if I called enough biologists, I'd find one who did indeed find some negative impact of winter fishing on a particular population. In other words, different populations may respond differently. For instance, tailwater fisheries, which experience fairly uniform temperature conditions, will probably show no impact to seasonal differences in angling.
Colder water holds more dissolved oxygen; thus, oxygen saturation is the norm at this time of the year so this shouldn't add to any stress. Further, the very fact that the fish's metabolic functions slow down possibly indicates that they are less susceptible to stress at this time.
One point the state biologist did make, however, was this. He did some studies on individual fish survival from handling in winter conditions, particularly ice fishing. For ice fishing, the longer a fish was exposed to freezing air temperatures, particularly the gills, the less chance it had for survival. Thus, the less you expose the fish you catch to the air when it is freezing, the better their chance for survival.
Contrary to your belief that forage levels are low, this is usually the time of greatest abundance for immature aquatic insects. Remember, most insects emerge and deposit their eggs during the warmer months. The eggs hatch and the developing instars grow during winter, reaching their maximum size in spring and summer just prior to emergence. Thus, highest populations of immatures are present during the winter months, although they may be smaller in size initially. As populations develop, the nymphs and larvae get larger and fewer in numbers as natural mortality occurs.
~ C. E. (Bert) Cushing, aka Streamdoctor
105 W. Cherokee Dr.
Estes Park, CO 80517
Phone: _PHONE_
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- What causes apples to brown?
- Which fruit oxidizes the fastest?
- How do you slow down enzymatic browning?
- How can Maillard reaction be reduced?
- Why is fruit Brown conclusion?
- What are the 4 types of reactions?
- What type of reaction is the Maillard reaction?
- What is the difference between Maillard reaction and caramelization?
- How does pH affect Maillard browning?
- What is the Maillard reaction in baking?
- What causes fruit to brown?
- Why is browning reaction important in food?
- Why does the Maillard reaction happen?
- Is browning food bad for you?
- What factors influence the degree of Maillard browning?
- Is caramelization a chemical reaction?
- Is the Maillard reaction unhealthy?
- How does temperature affect Maillard reaction?
What causes apples to brown?
When an apple is cut (or bruised), oxygen is introduced into the injured plant tissue.
When oxygen is present in cells, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes in the chloroplasts rapidly oxidize phenolic compounds naturally present in the apple tissues to o-quinones, colorless precursors to brown-colored secondary products..
Which fruit oxidizes the fastest?
Plums if left on the shelf, they will start to rot in 3-5days, if placed in the fridges 3-4 days. Pears on the shelf 3– 5 days, in the fridge 3-4 days. Grapes on the shelf 1 day, in the fridge 1 week. Apples on the shelf 1-2 days, in the fridge 3 weeks.
How do you slow down enzymatic browning?
Cooks often put cut apples or potatoes in a water bath until they are ready to be cooked. The water reduces contact with oxygen and prevents enzymatic browning. Cooking fruits or vegetables inactivates (destroys) the PPO enzyme, and enzymatic browning will no longer occur. Refrigeration can slow enzymatic browning.
How can Maillard reaction be reduced?
You can control the Maillard reaction by changing the amount of reducing sugars, and the availability of amino acids. Reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, and more exotic sugars like ribose.
Why is fruit Brown conclusion?
Fruit turns brown when exposed to air because a reaction is happening when a cut piece of fruit is exposed to oxygen. … The chemical reaction can be simplified to: Polyphenol Oxidase + O2 → Melanin (Brown Color) Oxygen activates the compound polyphenol oxidase in the fruit to turn the fruit brown.
What are the 4 types of reactions?
Representation of four basic chemical reactions types: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement and double replacement.
What type of reaction is the Maillard reaction?
The Maillard reaction, named after L. C. Maillard, is also known as non-enzymatic browning. It is an extremely complex process and is the reaction between reducing sugars and proteins by the impact of heat. The Maillard reaction starts with the reaction of a reducing sugar with an amine, creating glycosylamine.
What is the difference between Maillard reaction and caramelization?
The key difference between Maillard reaction and caramelization is that the Maillard reaction is non-pyrolytic whereas the caramelization is pyrolytic. The Maillard reaction and caramelization are two different non-enzymatic browning processes of food.
How does pH affect Maillard browning?
In general, maximum browning occurs at aw between 0.60 and 0.85 and the browning rate increases with increasing pH, up to a pH of around 10 (Morales et al., 1997; Gerrard, 2002). Maillard reaction is one of the most important reactions which result from food processing.
What is the Maillard reaction in baking?
The Maillard reaction, also known as carbonyl-amine reaction, is a non-enzymatic browning (NEB) reaction that produces desirable colors and flavors in baked products and other thermally-processed foods.
What causes fruit to brown?
"Discoloration of fruit results when an enzyme called polyphenoloxidase oxidizes the phenolic compounds that are found in the tissue of fruits. The oxidation causes the phenolic compounds to condense into brown spots.
Why is browning reaction important in food?
The reaction between a reducing sugar and an amino group and their subsequent interactions is known as the Maillard reaction. … It is also responsible for the formation of carcinogens and could also reduce the nutritionnal value of foods by decreasing the concentration of essential amino-acids.
Why does the Maillard reaction happen?
In making silage, excess heat causes the Maillard reaction to occur, which reduces the amount of energy and protein available to the animals that feed on it.
Is browning food bad for you?
Browned toast and potatoes are 'potential cancer risk', say food scientists. Bread, chips and potatoes should be cooked to a golden yellow colour, rather than brown, to reduce our intake of a chemical which could cause cancer, government food scientists are warning.
What factors influence the degree of Maillard browning?
The course of Maillard reaction is strongly affected by factors which influence the different chemical reactions involved. These include temperature, time, water activity, reactant source, and concentration (5), the type and ratio of reducing sugar (6,7), amino acids (7,8), pH (9), and food composition (10,11).
Is caramelization a chemical reaction?
Caramelization is what happens when any sugar is heated to the point that the molecules undergo chemical reactions with oxygen in the air and with each other – the molecules either break apart into smaller molecules, or combine with one another to make larger molecules.
Is the Maillard reaction unhealthy?
Byproducts from the chemical reactions that take place when dry dog food (brown biscuits/kibble) is baked or extruded can pose carcinogenic risks to dogs. The Maillard Reaction is known to create a carcinogen called Acrylamide.
How does temperature affect Maillard reaction?
High-temperature cooking speeds up the Maillard reaction because heat both increases the rate of chemical reactions and accelerates the evaporation of water. As the food dries, the concentration of reactant compounds increases and the temperature climbs more rapidly.


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Bastrop Wildfire Facts
While out in Bastrop recently for a pre-production meeting and research sessions, I found out alot about the impacts beyond just the loses of homes. The fires started on September 4th, 2011 and were declared fully contained on October 10, 2011. Three separate fires merged into the one large fire that caused so much destruction.
- Over 1 million trees burned – most will never recover from the damage
- The fire spread out over 34,000 acres within the county of Bastrop
- 95% of the Bastrop State Park was destroyed. All of the historic buildings in the park were saved by the parks fire fighting crew
- Over 1,600 homes were destroyed
- Gas and electric services were cut off to the affected areas for over two weeks
- "Root ball fires" were an issue once the major fire was extinguished. The roots of many trees smoldered for several weeks, causing frequent flare-ups.
- Home owners had no way of knowing if their home was still standing, until they were allowed to return
- The recovery process may take more than seven years before Bastrop county returns to a "normal" state.
- If you drive around the county, you'll see some houses totally untouched, while all thats left of homes nearby are piles of debris or empty slabs. The fires were so hot that they created their own wind patters in the affected areas causing the fires to totally "skip" areas.


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The maximum integer in LMC is 999, so 90000 in the task is here replaced by 900.

// Little Man Computer, for Rosetta Code.
// Read numbers from user and display them in binary.
// Exit when input = 0.
input INP
BRZ zero
STA N
// Write number followed by '->'
OUT
LDA asc_hy
OTC
LDA asc_gt
OTC
// Find greatest power of 2 not exceeding N,
// and count how many digits will be output
LDA c1
STA pwr2
loop STA nrDigits
LDA N
SUB pwr2
SUB pwr2
BRP double
BRA part2 // jump out if next power of 2 would exceed N
double LDA pwr2
ADD pwr2
STA pwr2
LDA nrDigits
ADD c1
BRA loop
// Write the binary digits
part2 LDA N
SUB pwr2
set_diff STA diff
LDA asc_1 // first digit is always 1
wr_digit OTC // write digit
LDA nrDigits // count down the number of digits
SUB c1
BRZ input // if all digits done, loop for next number
STA nrDigits
// We now want to compare diff with pwr2/2.
// Since division is awkward in LMC, we compare 2*diff with pwr2.
LDA diff // diff := diff * 2
ADD diff
STA diff
SUB pwr2 // is diff >= pwr2 ?
BRP set_diff // yes, update diff and write '1'
LDA asc_0 // no, write '0'
BRA wr_digit
zero HLT // stop if input = 0
// Constants
c1 DAT 1
asc_hy DAT 45
asc_gt DAT 62
asc_0 DAT 48
asc_1 DAT 49
// Variables
N DAT
pwr2 DAT
nrDigits DAT
diff DAT

Output:
5->101
50->110010
900->_PHONE_
LLVM[edit]
Translation of: C
; ModuleID = 'binary.c'
; source_filename = "binary.c"
; target datalayout = "e-m:w-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
; target triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc19.21.27702"

; This is not strictly LLVM, as it uses the C library function "printf".
; LLVM does not provide a way to print values, so the alternative would be
; to just load the string into memory, and that would be boring.

; Additional comments have been inserted, as well as changes made from the output produced by clang such as putting more meaningful labels for the jumps

$"\[email protected][email protected][email protected]" = comdat any

;--- String constant defintions
@"\[email protected][email protected][email protected]" = linkonce_odr unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%s\0A\00", comdat, align 1

;--- The declaration for the external C printf function.
declare i32 @printf(i8*, ...)

;--- The declaration for the external C log10 function.
declare double @log10(double) #1

;--- The declaration for the external C malloc function.
declare noalias i8* @malloc(i64) #2

;--- The declaration for the external C free function.
declare void @free(i8*) #2

;----------------------------------------------------------
;-- Function that allocates a string with a binary representation of a number
define i8* @bin(i32) #0 {
;-- uint32_t x (local copy)
%2 = alloca i32, align 4
;-- size_t bits
%3 = alloca i64, align 8
;-- intermediate value
%4 = alloca i8*, align 8
;-- size_t i
%5 = alloca i64, align 8
store i32 %0, i32* %2, align 4
;-- x == 0, start determinig what value to initially store in bits
%6 = load i32, i32* %2, align 4
%7 = icmp eq i32 %6, 0
br i1 %7, label %just_one, label %calculate_logs

just_one:
br label %assign_bits

calculate_logs:
;-- log10((double) x)/log10(2) + 1
%8 = load i32, i32* %2, align 4
%9 = uitofp i32 %8 to double
;-- log10((double) x)
%10 = call double @log10(double %9) #3
;-- log10(2)
%11 = call double @log10(double 2.000000e+00) #3
;-- remainder of calculation
%12 = fdiv double %10, %11
%13 = fadd double %12, 1.000000e+00
br label %assign_bits

assign_bits:
;-- bits = (x == 0) ? 1 : log10((double) x)/log10(2) + 1;
;-- phi basically selects what the value to assign should be based on which basic block came before
%14 = phi double [ 1.000000e+00, %just_one ], [ %13, %calculate_logs ]
%15 = fptoui double %14 to i64
store i64 %15, i64* %3, align 8
;-- char *ret = malloc((bits + 1) * sizeof (char));
%16 = load i64, i64* %3, align 8
%17 = add i64 %16, 1
%18 = mul i64 %17, 1
%19 = call noalias i8* @malloc(i64 %18)
store i8* %19, i8** %4, align 8
store i64 0, i64* %5, align 8
br label %loop

loop:
;-- i < bits;
%20 = load i64, i64* %5, align 8
%21 = load i64, i64* %3, align 8
%22 = icmp ult i64 %20, %21
br i1 %22, label %loop_body, label %exit

loop_body:
;-- ret[bits - i - 1] = (x & 1) ? '1' : '0';
%23 = load i32, i32* %2, align 4
%24 = and i32 %23, 1
%25 = icmp ne i32 %24, 0
%26 = zext i1 %25 to i64
%27 = select i1 %25, i32 49, i32 48
%28 = trunc i32 %27 to i8
%29 = load i8*, i8** %4, align 8
%30 = load i64, i64* %3, align 8
%31 = load i64, i64* %5, align 8
%32 = sub i64 %30, %31
%33 = sub i64 %32, 1
%34 = getelementptr inbounds i8, i8* %29, i64 %33
store i8 %28, i8* %34, align 1
;-- x >>= 1;
%35 = load i32, i32* %2, align 4
%36 = lshr i32 %35, 1
store i32 %36, i32* %2, align 4
br label %loop_increment

loop_increment:
;-- i++;
%37 = load i64, i64* %5, align 8
%38 = add i64 %37, 1
store i64 %38, i64* %5, align 8
br label %loop

exit:
;-- ret[bits] = '\0';
%39 = load i8*, i8** %4, align 8
%40 = load i64, i64* %3, align 8
%41 = getelementptr inbounds i8, i8* %39, i64 %40
store i8 0, i8* %41, align 1
;-- return ret;
%42 = load i8*, i8** %4, align 8
ret i8* %42
}

;----------------------------------------------------------
;


text:
This is a great multisensory spelling activity to accompany the "sm" beginning blends. All you'll need is some Marshmallows, a wooden skewer, and a marker. If you allow snacks in your classroom, the students will be excited to find out they'll be having a little treat, too!
Directions for Spelling Smores
Pass out 5 or 6 Marshmallows to each student. This is the amount that fits on each skewer. Dictate the words from the list below. The students will write them across the marshmallow. Make sure they use large, evenly spaced letters around the Marshmallow. As they pierce the Marshmallow through the skewer, they read the words aloud.
Alternatively, for more practice with these words, you can split the students up in pairs. Split the dictation words between the students and have them take turns reading the words to each other as they skewer them.
Georgia is a tutor at Brainspring Learning Center in Shelby Township.
Bring Brainspring Orton-Gillingham multisensory instruction to your classrooms, transforming struggling K-12 readers into skilled learners through our effective, evidenced -based approach.
For more information please visit brainspring.com or call _PHONE_


text:
Sessions refers to the number of concurrent connections allowed to a SQL database at a time. Workers can be thought of as the processes in the SQL database that are processing queries. The maximum number of sessions and workers allowed depends on your databases's service tier. Blue Matador monitors the sessions_percent and workers_percent metrics so you can know when you've hit the limit.
When the sessions limit is reached, additional connections to the database will be rejected. When the worker limit is reached, clients will receive an error message and will be unable to query your database.
The two possible fixes for reaching the maximum number of sessions: reduce the amount of sessions used by your application, or increase the service tier for your database so there is a higher limit. If your application is using connection pooling, you can configure it so that idle connections are terminated, and limit the number of connections allowed by your application to prevent hitting the limit.
The number of used workers is harder to control since it is not directly tied to the number of sessions. Worker usage can go up during high-usage periods since backed-up queries will consume workers. If you have high worker usage but not session usage, you can use Query Store to analyze your queries to see if specific ones are causing high worker usage.
If you decide to upgrade your database, consult the service tier limits can be found on the following pages to choose an appropriate tier for your session and worker requirements:


text:
"Dr. Hinds' book is 'a voice calling in the wilderness' with a message of hope that is grounded in interdisciplinary scholarship and his own poetic style. While focusing on the spiritual lives and journeys of Black men, he provides an invaluable resource to pastoral caregivers, mental health clinicians, educators, and anyone seeking the gifts of belonging and healing within God's loving presence."
—George Stavros, Executive Director of the Danielsen Institute and Clinical Associate Professor of Pastoral Psychology at Boston University
In a breathtaking account of racism, inequity, and violence that Black men face, Hinds reminds us of the inestimable gift of attending to their spiritual lives. He directs our attention to the spiritual, not in opposition to structural, systemic, and institutional factors, but as essential to ameliorating the plight of Black men and making life more just, compassionate, and empowering for all people. This elegant book issues an important call to action that promises to make us more human and humane.
—Allan Cole, Dean, Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin


How Savitribai Phule, India's first female teacher, dealt with abusers hell bent on preventing her from educating girls
Most of us know Savitribai Phule as India's first female teacher, who helped her husband Jyotirao Phule establish the first school for girls. But here's the tale of the atrocities and abuses she had to face when she started to work.
Most of us know that Savitribai Phule was the first female teacher of India. Born on January 3, 1831, India's first feminist grew up in a country ruled by the British Raj, where women rights were non-existent. We know how hand in hand with her social reformer husband, Jyotirao Phule, she achieved the revolutionary act of establishing the first school for girls.
But what most of us do not know is the kind of abuse Phule had to go through from the regressive society because of her sheer audacity to go teach women.
Pramila Dandavate, a 1928-born political activist from Mumbai associated with the Praja Socialist Party and later with the Janata Party, describes a few tales of the outstanding courage and grit of Savitribai Phule that show how far she was willing to go to emancipate women.
How Jyotirao Phule's influence transformed Savitribai Phule
Born in a well-to-do farmer family in the backward Mali community, Savitribai Phule was married off to 13-year-old Jyotirao Phule at the tender age of nine in-keeping with the tradition at the time of marrying off girls before they hit puberty.
But little did anyone in their families know that Jyotirao's influence on his young wife would change the very trajectory of India.
Busts of Mahatma Jyotirao Phule and Savitribai Phule, Pune, India
Jyotirao had studied the Hindu scriptures and come to the conclusion that all humans were equal. He realized that education was the one tool that if provided to all humans, would get rid of all social inequalities.
He rejected the high-caste orthodox norms that monopolized education and privileged to keep the other castes downtrodden.
He watched how 'untouchables' were not allowed to pollute' others with their long shadows in the mornings and evening and how they had to tie a broom behind their backs to sweep the very street they had walked on.
He saw in particular how young widows whose old husbands had died had to get their heads shaved and refrain from any kind of beautification or pleasure in life.
He also saw how 'untouchable' women were made to dance naked as the very status of women was reduced to a pleasure-object of men.
Observing all these societal evils that furthered inequality, Jyotirao took the decision to educate women. But how would he do this? He knew he needed other women to help train female teachers for girls. He decided to start with his wife.
Every afternoon, when Savitribai Phule came to the fields where her husband worked to give him his food, Jyotirao sat with her and educated her.
When news reached Jyotirao's father, he threatened to throw them out of the house out of fear of attacks from orthodox elements. The fire of revolution already lit, Savitribai Phule decided to follow her husband.
Official education received by Savitribai Phule
Jyotirao sent his wife to get trained at a school and she passed with flying colours along with another women Fatima Sheikh.
In 1848, the emancipated husband and wife finally established India's first school for girls in Vishrambag Wada, Pune.
Only nine girls enrolled all from different castes. Later on, the number rose to 25. While Savitribai became the headmistress, she taught alongside her fellow trainee Fatima Sheikh and Jyotirao's emancipated aunt Sagunabai.
The audacity of this couple determined to educate women enraged and shocked the society. As Pramila Dandavate writes, "It was believed that if a woman starts writing, she would write letters to all and sundry."
Regressive elements claimed that the food eaten by Jyotirao would turn into worms and that Savitribai would lose him to an untimely death.
Savitribai's ordeal of going to teach at a girl's school
When it was obvious that simple words and rumours wouldn't help deter Savitribai and Jyotirao from their goal of providing education to girls, society decided to take another path.
Going to the girls' school to teach became a huge ordeal for Savitribai. She faced innumerable abuses and listened to obscenities heaped on her on the way to teach.
Groups of orthodox men followed the first female teacher of India on her way to work. They threw rotten eggs, cow dung, tomatoes and stones. They abused her in obscene language.
Retired academician Lalitha Dhara who has authored a number of books on the Phules and Dr Ambedkar writes: She would stop by and politely tell them, "My brothers, I am doing the noble job of educating your sisters. The cow dung and stones that you are pelting on me are not a deterrent but rather an inspiration for me. It is as if you are showering petals on me. While I vow to serve my sisters, I also pray, 'May God bless you.'"
Slowly walking, she would arrive at the school, her strength ebbing away little by little each day thanks to the abuse.
Once she couldn't take it anymore and decided to give up. But her husband convinced her to stay strong.
He gave her two sarees a course one to wear on the way to work which would be soiled by the garbage thrown at her; and another fresh saree to change into before she started work when she reached the school.
While returning, she could change into the same course saree to again take the filth from society.
She continued in this manner for a while, but one day, things got out of hand. Lalitha Dhara writes about how a well-built ruffian stood in her path and told her that if she did not stop educating the Mahars and Mangs, she would have to pay a heavy prize.
A crowd gathered to watch the drama unfold but none helped her. The unfazed Savitribai slapped him hard. The stunned man ran away and so did the onlookers.
The shocking news spread like wildfire all over the city of Pune and finally brought a stop to the every-day abuse.
Continuing work on social emancipation
Empowered, Savitribai Phule established herself and more schools for women and girls till she was honoured for her exemplary work by the British government.
Between 1848 and 1852, the couple established no less than 18 schools for women.
In 1852, she and her husband were felicitated with a shawl for their work in Vishrambag Wada, Pune.
She went on to work towards slowly questioning and eradicating a lot of other social evils. From adopting her son' Yashwant after her husband rescued a pregnant woman about to end her life, to setting up a delivery home for women in forced pregnancies called Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha', Savitribai did all in her power to uplift the standard of women.
The couple also organized the first-of-its-kind barbers strike after castigating them for shaving the heads of young widows. As an example against the evil of untouchability, they also opened up their own water reservoir for everyone.
The empowered couple did a lot of work in the famine and established 52 boarding schools for orphaned children.
After Jyotirao Phule died in 1890, Savitribai continued his work. Most notably, she took over the Satya Shodhak Samaj which had been founded by him. She presided over meetings, guided workers and worked for plague victims.
As Pramila Dandavate writes, "It is said that she used to feed two thousand children every day during the epidemic."
Ironically, Savitribhai was struck down by disease while nursing a sick child and the pioneer of women's education in India died on March 10, 1857.
A 1998 stamp by the Indian Government featuring Savitribai Phule
The first woman teacher and the first female educationist of India was also the first female poetess. Her two books of poetry 'Kavya Phule' (1934) and 'Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar' (1982) continue to inspire us today with their questions on caste and gender.
'Kavya Phule' was published when Savitribai was just 23.
She also wrote a poem entitled 'Go, Get Education' which encouraged people to free themselves from oppression by educating themselves.
Women's emancipation has never been easy and perhaps would never be. But it is thanks to India's first gutsy feminist Savitribai Phule that the women in the country have reached where they are today. We can only hope for more firebrands like her who simply refuse to bow down to the evils of society and keep fighting for universal human rights.
Read: Remembering Savitribai Phule, the child bride who fought for women's rights in 19th century
Read: Savitribai Phule as a tradition breaker: The first female teacher at the first girls' school
Source :


text:
All the Sevi musical instruments are characterized by beautiful and colorful designs. They are rich in decorations and are made with attention to the smallest details in keeping with Sevi's philosophy. All the paints used are non-toxic and resistant in compliance with current safety standards.
Playing the guitar develops the musical and motor skills of a young musician.
All Sevi musical instruments are characterized by a cheerful design, ideal for introducing children to the world of music.
Sevi toys are handcrafted and hand-painted which adds value to them. This wooden Guitar has 6 plastic strings. This guitar can be tuned, but it is primarily a toy


text: ABSTRACT: The dike rings along the Rhine in the Netherlands have a level of protection of 1/1250 per year. The design water levels are estimated on the basis of one random variable: the river discharge. Van Vuren & Van Breen (2003) show the existence of large spatial and temporal variation in bed level position in the river Waal. In this paper the impact of river morphology on extreme flood level predictions is investigated. Therefore, the method to compute design water levels is extended with another random variable: the river morphology. The results show that the impact of river morphology on design water levels is limited. A random bed level prior to the design water level computations leads to small changes (order of 0.01- 0.06 m) in design water levels. The impact of seasonal variations in the river morphology and morphological changes during the flood wave can be neglected.


text:
A Pupil Council is:
- A way of giving pupils a say in the way the school is run
- Gives pupils an opportunity to talk about our feelings to each other and to our teachers
- Gives pupils a chance to make changes for the better in our school
- Provides pupils with a forum for discussion
The Pupil Council must be realistic about what we can do. Some things we can change, some we can't. Also we can't change all the things pupils want at once and this involves a lot of negotiation.
What kinds of things have our Pupil Council discussed?
Recent points discussed have been:
- Supporting Charities
- Playground equipment
- Ideas for after school clubs
Pupils in P3 to P7 are eligible for election to this council, they are elected by the other pupils in their class.


text:
run the given instructions
Major Section: PROOF-CHECKER-COMMANDS
Example: (do-all induct p prove)Run the indicated instructions until there is a hard ''failure''. The instruction ''succeeds'' if and only if each instruction in
General Form: (do-all &rest instruction-list)
instruction-listdoes. (See the documentation for
sequencefor an explanation of ''success'' and ''failure.'') As each instruction is executed, the system will print the usual prompt followed by that instruction, unless the global state variable
do-all ''fails'', then the failure is hard if and only if
the last instruction it runs has a hard ''failure''.
Obscure point: For the record,
(do-all ins_1 ins_2... ins_k) is
the same as
(sequence (ins_1 ins_2... ins_k)).


Main Content
matlab.unittest.selectors.HasSuperclass class
Package: matlab.unittest.selectors
Selector for TestSuite elements determined by test class hierarchy
Construction
matlab.unittest.selectors.HasSuperclass(n) creates a selector that filters TestSuite array elements by retaining only those elements whose test class derives from n.
Input Arguments
expand all
Superclass name, specified as a character vector or string scalar.
Copy Semantics
Value. To learn how value classes affect copy operations, see Copying Objects.
Examples
collapse all
Create the following handle class in your current folder.
classdef MyClass < handle
 properties
 % properties of class
 end
 methods
 % methods of class
 end
end
Create the following test class in your current folder.
classdef Feature1_Test < matlab.unittest.TestCase
 methods (Test)
 function testA1(testCase)
 % test code
 end
 function testB1(testCase)
 % test code
 end
 end
end
Create the following test class in your current folder. This test class subclasses MyClass.
classdef Feature2_Test < matlab.unittest.TestCase & MyClass
 methods (Test)
 function testA2(testCase)
 % test code
 end
 function testB2(testCase)
 % test code
 end
 end
end
Create a test suite from all the files in your current folder. Depending on what files are in your folder, your test suite might differ.
import matlab.unittest.TestSuite;
suite = TestSuite.fromFolder(pwd)
suite =
 1×4 Test array with properties:
 Name
 ProcedureName
 TestClass
 BaseFolder
 Parameterization
 SharedTestFixtures
 Tags
Tests Include:
 0 Parameterizations, 0 Shared Test Fixture Classes, 0 Tags.
View the names of the test elements in the suite.
{suite.Name}'
ans =
 4×1 cell array
 {'Feature1_Test/testA1'}
 {'Feature1_Test/testB1'}
 {'Feature2_Test/testA2'}
 {'Feature2_Test/testB2'}
Create another test suite that contains only the suite elements that have MyClass in the class hierarchy. View the test element names. Since the test class Feature2_Test is the only test class to subclass MyClass, only test elements from that class are included in the suite.
newSuite = suite.selectIf(HasSuperclass('MyClass'));
{newSuite.Name}'
ans =
 2×1 cell array
 {'Feature2_Test/testA2'}
 {'Feature2_Test/testB2'}
Alternatively, use the testsuite function to create the filtered suite directly.
newSuite = testsuite(pwd,'Superclass','MyClass');
Introduced in R2018a


text:
"Witlings Defame Her": William Gaston and "The Old North State"
State Supreme Court Justice William Joseph Gaston of New Bern penned the song's patriotic lyrics in the 1830s, when North Carolina was lagging economically behind its neighbors and masses of people were moving away. A dedicated public servant and advocate for internal improvements, Gaston sought to defend North Carolina against accusations of being backward.
When court was in session in Raleigh, Gaston stayed at the home of Mrs. James F. Taylor. One day after a couple of women in the household returned from a concert by a group of visiting Swiss bellringers, they began to sing and play one of the concert tunes on the piano. Gaston became inspired. At his office on Hargett Street, he wrote several verses of the now-familiar song, adapting it to the melody he had just heard. A chorus of 50 young women first performed the song at the Whig state convention in Raleigh in October 1840.
R. Culver set Gaston's poem to music in 1844, but the arrangement composed in 1926 by Mrs. E. E. Randolph in Raleigh is the version familiar to North Carolinians today.
For more on Gaston and the state song, check out the Old North State Fact Book from North Carolina Historical Publications.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I was discussing with my colleagues why it feels easier to walk up an escalator when it is moving. My natural assumption was that the movement of the escalator imparts some extra acceleration on the rider that helps to move up the stairs. But my colleagues insisted that this was nonsense, and that the affect is purely psychological (i.e. it just seems easier).
We actually came up with three contradictory hypotheses, and I'm not sure which is right: 1. The escalator is constantly accelerating the rider since without constant acceleration the body wouldn't be able to counteract the force of gravity (i.e. my theory). 2. The rider is not accelerating since no acceleration is needed to maintain a constant velocity. 3. The acceleration of the escalator actually makes it harder to get to the next step since it pushes the rider against the current step.
Which of these is correct?
share|improve this question
Compare to What's the difference between running up a hill and running up an inclined treadmill?. Personally I doubt that it is easier (or harder, it's roughly a inertial frame), which would imply that the sense of motion is fooling you into feeling that it's easier. – dmckee Jan 17 '12 at 18:39
It is possible that the act of bouncing against the stairs as you run up makes the escalator go backwards a little at each step, pulling the stairs down a little. Without such an effect, there would be no change. – Ron Maimon Jan 18 '12 at 5:19
3 Answers 3
Once you get yourself moving, the escalator does not accelerate you and does not assist your running up hill. The only advantage an escalator gives you is that you keep moving up even if you don't put any effort into it.
Next time you feel like running up an escalator (which is not entirely safe), you might consider repeating the experiment with your eyes closed. That will eliminate the visual effect but you will still feel the air flow on your face.
This is basic Newton's law on inertial frames. You cannot detect steady motion. This is why you can throw dice in the gambling compartment of a luxury airliner that is moving at 400 miles per hour. Or why you can exist on the earth's surface without realizing that it is moving (due to the earth's turning) at an even faster rate (depending on latitude).
share|improve this answer
Number two is correct:
The first option offered:
Here's why that's wrong.
To apply Newton's second law, $F = ma$, all system forces and their interaction must be taken into account. If you hold an object in the palm of your hand, you are applying some force on that object, but that object is not accelerating and it's not even moving. This is because the force you apply on that object is equal and opposite to the force of gravity.
In the case of an escalator, a motor provides some torque (rotational force) which is acting agianst forces of friction in the system and gravity which weighs down the passengers. After all forces are taken into account, the velocity of the escalator is (approximately) constant therefore the acceleration is zero and walking up those stairs is no easier than walking up a regular set of stairs.
Walking up the stairs of an escalator may even be more difficult than walking up a regular set of stairs because increased velocity relative to the surrounding atmosphere causes an increase in fluid friction acting on the walker.
share|improve this answer
A certain version of the 3rd option is correct.
Let's analyze the case for a person that just stands on a step of the escalator.
The person comes walking at a certain speed, presummably the same as the horizontal speed of the escalator's speed, so when the step into the platform is taken no acceleration occurs. But shortly after, the platform changes direction and starts going upwards. In this moment vercical acceleration is imparted to the person's body. Once the platform is moving at full escalator angle, both horizontal and vertical speed are constant, thus there is no acceleration in any axis.
The short period of vertical acceleration is usually not felt by the person because knees are amost locked straight so the force is excerted mostly trhough the bones, however, if you step on the escalator with knees slightly bent, you'd experiment (feel, perceive) the force needed to remain (half) standed.
Now, since after the initial direction change there is no more acceleration from the escalator, if the person takes their own steps forward/upward then with each step they would be accelerating the body up and forward. This acceleration results obviously in higher speed.
So, the escalator makes it easier to get up to the next deck, but each individual step would take the same energy from the body of the person performing the experiment than it would take if the escalator was stopped.
There are a few things to consider:
The phicological effect of perceiving a higher speed, not correlating to the perceived effort.
The fact that you walk less steps to get to the upper deck if the escalator is functioning (upwards).
Finally, consider what happens if besides the escalator there are regular stairs. If you try to walk up the stairs at the same speed (relative to the building) than a person walking up the working escalator, you'd find how you need more effort to accomplish the task in the same time.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text: Apera Instruments 2310-C Conductivity Electrode is designed for high-range conductivity measurement (up to 2,000 MS/cm, K=10.0). Equipped with Apera'sunique sensor ring coated with platinum black, the electrode provides a stable and accurate measurement in high range conductivity. The accuracy is ±1.5 F.S. Even without calibration, the accuracy can maintain at ±10% F.S. With the BNC connector, the electrode is compatible with any conductivity meters that adopt BNC connectors. The temperature probe is not included. To achieve temperature compensation, users need to use a separate temperature probe or manually input temperature values.


text:
Stream crossing points are an important consideration for both livestock and machinery. Often pastureland is dissected by a stream and simply fencing the stream out can concentrate livestock at a single crossing point. Stabilizing crossing points can help eliminate some of the problems associated with the increased traffic.
A stabilized crossing point has a gradual sloping bank covered with a material that resists the impact of cattle and machinery. This type of crossing helps reduce water pollution by stopping soil erosion, thereby reducing nutrients and sediment from entering the waterway.
Several crossing points have been installed on the stewardship ranch for livestock and equipment. The NRCS provided the design, which called for excavating a trench one foot deep across the bed of the waterway. The bottom was covered with three inches of sand, one piece of 8mm geotextile, sheets of geocell, and ten inches of gravel. The idea is to provide a firm crossing point that is stable enough to withstand the force of water flowing over the top without eroding the crossing.
Stabilized Stream Crossing Points
|Geocell||$11.60/sq. yd.||89 yds.||$1150.00|
|Geotextile||1.20/sq. yd.||104 yds.||$ 124.80|
|Sand||$16.67/ton||10 tons||$ 66.67|
|Gravel||$16.67/ton||30 tons||$ 500.00|
|Dozer||$70/hr.||4 hrs.||$ 280.00|
|Tractor||$10/hr.||2 hrs.||$ 20.00|
|Labor||$10/hr.||6 hrs.||$ 60.00|


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The Chemistry of Burnouts
Burnouts have always been a sense of power in the automotive world. For those sad souls whom have never witnessed or heard of one, it is where a vehicle is stationary and yet the tires are spinning on the ground at tremendous speeds. This display is a show of your vehicles capability of obtaining speeds far greater than others in a matter of seconds. I chose this topic to inform the world of its greatness. I have witnessed this show of power multiple times on almost every surface. This chemical reaction has created joy in the lives of many, including my own. It gathers friends, family and even complete strangers to the spectacle at hand.
Composition of...
Tires and tar are the two main ingredients needed to create the chemical reaction of burnouts.
- Tar: A sticky black substance that is pathed and cooled to create a multitude of different surfaces.
The tires are created through a long process of mixing, heating, and extreme compression. The tire first gets all of its components mixed together in a banbury mixer, until they form a gum like composition. After they get created they are then pressed into a rough form of the final product. After pressed the tire gets sent to another plant that heats it above 300 degrees fahrenheit (149 Celsius) in a mold of the final product. It stays that way for around 15 minutes to make sure that the entire mold is filled with the material. Tar, in other words black top, is usually created through a combination of hydrocarbons, carbons, and petroleum. These ingredients are mixed and heated until it becomes a sticky resin. This resin is then placed upon the surface of where they are creating a new street, or fixing an old one, creating a playground, ect.
The origins of burnouts can be traced to drag racing, where they have a practical purpose: drag racing tires perform better at higher temperatures, and a burnout is the quickest way to raise tire temperature immediately prior to a race. They also clean the tire of any debris and lay down a layer of rubber by the starting line for better traction.
-Composition of tires
-Creation of tires
About the Author
Ryker Sturn is an interesting, to say the least, student at Billings Senior High School. He enjoys his great amounts of bass in his music, a side of off roading, and a hint of video games. He plans to go into one of the three fields that peak his interest, including aviation, EMT, or automotive.
- Tires: tires are usually made up of not just rubber but fabric and copper wires as well. they have an outer layer of rubber that protects the copper wiring. The copper is the skeleton for the fabric which helps keep the rubber in place.


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Copyright © 2012 David Simchi-Levi and Yao Zhao. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Globalization, product proliferation, and fast product innovation have significantly increased
the complexities of supply chains in many industries. One of the most important advancements
of supply chain management in recent years is the development of models and methodologies
for controlling inventory in general supply networks under uncertainty and their widefspread
applications to industry. These developments are based on three generic methods: the queueing-inventory
method, the lead-time demand method and the flow-unit method. In this paper,
we compare and contrast these methods by discussing their strengths and weaknesses, their
differences and connections, and showing how to apply them systematically to characterize
and evaluate various supply networks with different supply processes, inventory policies, and
demand processes. Our objective is to forge links among research strands on different methods
and various network topologies so as to develop unified methodologies.


How to Change Lock Screen Timeout on Windows 10
If you like to see the images and apps status on the Lock screen, but the display goes black in about a minute, then use this guide to change the Lock screen timeout setting on Windows 10. In this Windows 10 guide, we'll walk you through the steps to tweak the Registry (or Command Prompt) to customize the operating system should way until turning the display off, which will give you more time to see the background, status, and interact with Cortana on the Lock screen.
How to change the time when the display turns off when your PC is locked
Important: Before diving into this guide, it's worth noting that editing the registry can be dangerous, and it can cause irreversible damage to your system if you don't do it correctly. It's highly recommended to make a full backup of your PC before proceeding.
 1. Use the Windows key + R keyboard shortcut to open the Run command, type regedit, and click OK to open the registry.
 2. Browse the following path:
 HKEYLOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Power\PowerSettings\7516b95f-f776-4464-8c53-06167f40cc99\8EC4B3A5-6868-48c2-BE75-4F3044BE88A7
 3. On the right side, double-click the Attributes DWORD.
 4. Change the value from 1 to 2.
 5. Click OK.
These steps only enabled the option on Windows 10 called "Console lock display off timeout." Now the only thing left to do is to customize this option to any time you want. To do this, use these instructions:
 1. Use the Windows key + X keyboard shortcut to open the Power User menu and select Power Options.
 2. Click the Change plan settings link for the selected plan.
 3. Click the Change advanced power settings link.
 4. On Advanced settings, scroll down and expand the Display settings.
 5. You should now see the Console lock display off timeout option, double-click to expand.
 6. Change the default time of 1 minute to the time you want, in minutes.
 7. Click Apply.
 8. Click OK to complete the task.
Once you complete the steps, you can test the new settings by locking your computer (Windows key + L keyboard shortcut), and now the screen shouldn't turn off until the time you set expires.
At any time, you can revert the changes by following the previous steps, but this time, on step 4 change the registry value key from 2 to 1.

How to change the Lock screen timeout using Command Prompt
The beauty of Windows is that you can configure the same feature in a number of ways. Alternatively, you can use the PowerCfg.exe utility to change you display timeout setting when your computer is locked. When it's connected to AC power or when your device is running on battery (DC power).
To change the Lock screen timeout using Command Prompt, do the following:
 1. Use the Windows key + X keyboard shortcut to open the Power User menu and select Command Prompt (admin).
 2. Type the following command and press Enter:
 powercfg.exe /SETACVALUEINDEX SCHEME_CURRENT SUB_VIDEO VIDEOCONLOCK 60
 Important: You must change "60" in the command-line with the timeout time you want to use, in seconds. For example, if you want the screen to turned on for 5 minutes, then you need to use 300 at the end of the command.
 3. Type the following command and press Enter:
 powercfg.exe /SETACTIVE SCHEME_CURRENT
 4. Use the Windows key + L keyboard shortcut to lock your PC and see if the new settings work.
The command mentioned in step 2 will work when your computer is using AC power. You must replace /SETACVALUEINDEX for /SETDCVALUEINDEX if you want to change the timeout setting on your laptop or tablet running on battery.
It's worth noting that while changing the Registry settings is an advanced task, during my test, I have found that sometimes using the command lines may settings may not work as expected, but it's an alternative.
On the other hand, changing the Registry worked perfectly, and after making the tweak, I can simply go to the Power Options settings in Control Panel and adjust the Lock screen timeout without having to use any commands.
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text:
Many national poverty reduction strategies overlook the needs of young people. Even where national strategies do have a youth focus, the analysis of their situation is limitedbecause little or no reference is made to readily available data. For those advocating on behalf of young people in poverty, considerable scope exists to make use of simple but reputable statistics to mount a strong case for Governments and civil society to allocate more resources for addressing poverty among this major population group.
The purpose of this step-by-step guide is to show how relevant statistics on young people in poverty can be easily sourced for use in developing national poverty reduction strategies. The guide shows how to use accessible databases on the Internet to provide individual countries with sophisticated statistical profile of young people in poverty.
The available data can provide a profile at three levels of young people in poverty. At the broadest level, it is possible to show how significant young people, defined as a specific age group, are in a country's basic demographic structure now and in the future. The second level focuses in on the incidence of young people in poverty, using, for example, national averages based on Millennium Development Goals indicators. A third level of data offers a more differentiated picture of young people in poverty. This involves presenting detailed data, taking into account young people's differences by gender, rural/urban location, where the data is available, household poverty status.


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Marstel-Day completed an Army Water Security Study for the Army Environmental Policy Institute, in response to a need to transform Army water programs from narrowly defined functional processes into a comprehensive water strategy. We established a conceptual framework for a water planning process by identifying six critical water security factors: sources, supplies, sustainable practices, survivability, sponsorship, and stakeholders. This framework can be adapted by other agencies to help plan for and achieve water security goals. Marstel-Day's work illustrated the many factors that must be considered in developing comprehensive plans to create sustainable water source protection and supply programs, including: pollution risks to water sources; growing demand for limited water supplies; water rights disputes; climate change impacts; deteriorated water systems; limitations on water withdrawals to protect ecosystems; and potential water supply disruptions caused by system failures or natural disasters. This new approach shifted the discussion of water security from regulatory compliance to collaborative protection of shared water sources and joint planning for future use of finite water sources within the broader context of climate change impacts.
In 2012, the Environmental Business Journal awarded Marstel-Day a Project Merit Award in the "Planning and Strategy" category for our work on this project.


Tag Archives: Floating Island Argentina
10 Natural Phenomena
Whenever I have a few minutes in my schedule, I like to fill it with something interesting; if I'm eating lunch, I'm probably watching a documentary or a video about a particular topic. So I thought I'd toss together a shortlist of natural phenomena that are out there somewhere on our unique and diverse planet. Just click on the links below to learn more – the links will lead you to either a YouTube video or an article. So, here 'goes!
 1. The Sahara Eye: Also known as the Richat Structure, it is a fascinating geological structure that's best seen from lower orbit (located at 21.1269° N, 11.4016° W). Because of its concentric circular formations, there have been many claims that it was the fictional Atlantis of Plato's writings. While the reasoning the supporters of that theory are interesting to me as a novelist, the scientific explanation is fairly straight forward.
 2. Spotted Lake, Canada: This lake has no run-off, which means that water flowing into the lake only leaves through evaporation. Divots in the lake have grown into spotted pools which attract various minerals as snow melt-water enters the lake. The Native tribes used these pools as therapy for physical ailments in a time before modern medicine, just like people in 18th century England went to Bath to drink and bathe in the mineral waters there. On Google Earth, its coordinates are 49°04'40.86″N 119°34'03.01″W; if you use the historical toggle, you'll see the individual pools more clearly.
 3. Floating Eye Island, Argentina: This is a relatively new discovery from 2016, located at 34°15'07.8″S 58°49'47.4″W. It was discovered by Argentinian film director Sergio Neuspillerm, who was looking for a location to film a horror film and came across the Google map image of this unusual lake; because of his bent toward the purpose of this place, most "reports" have leaned toward the paranormal, and it was difficult to find a serious scientific report on the phenomenon. The actual interpretation is probably simply a combination of geology, botany and hydrodynamics: The lake produces methane gas, and if the floating island of debris and grasses growing atop the fertile strata get pushed around by methane bubbles rising, it will naturally knock off the rough edges of the floating patch and the land it bumps into, creating a circular "island".
 4. Ice Discs: Similar to the Eye, these rotating discs of ice form in freezing water which is moving slowly; they usually form in eddy currents, where the accelerating water creates the effect called "rotation shear", breaking off a chunk of ice and twisting it around; the process grinds off the rough edges, leaving a round disc of rotating ice. This disc grows as it cools the water around it and attracts more ice into its vortex.
 5. Sailing Stones, Death Valley, California: For years, people have observed the evidence of large boulders sliding across the surface of Racetrack Playa in Death Valley National Park. The explanation may be relatively simple, but sometimes people just like a mystery.
 6. Fairy Rings/Pixie Rings: These are caused by the processes of the mycelium of fungi, as it spreads outward in a circle while looking for nutrients. Before scientific understanding came along, of course, these were thought to be portals to the magical realms of pixies or fairies and were convenient scapegoats for anything bad happening in a nearby town or village.
 7. Since we're on the topic of circles, what about the Namibian Fairy Circles? There are conflicting hypotheses about their origins, but the most recent study has discovered that beneath the bare circular patches of earth, distributed evenly over some 1100 miles of the Namib Desert, are colonies of termites. They eat the roots of the plants growing above their territory, removing the competition for the limited rainfall and allowing the water to go directly into the soil above their colony. It's a complex ecosystem, but scientists are slowly beginning to understand it. In the meantime, the locals just call them the "footprints of the gods".
 8. Blood Falls, Antarctica: A waterfall in Antarctica flows blood red, caused by the iron-rich waters hitting oxygen and turning to rust. The symbiosis of microbes living in that subterranean water source is the stuff good science fiction is made of.
 9. The Everlasting Storm: Catatumbo Lightning Storm, Venezuela: This lightning storm occurs during 140-160 nights per year, and lightning flashes up to 280 times per hour. Located over the mouth of the Catatumbo River as it empties into Lake Maracaibo, it has become so famous and so persistent that it is even featured in the flag and coat of arms of Zulia, the state which contains the lake, and is mentioned in the national anthem of Venezuela.
 10. Red Crab Migration, Christmas Island: Christmas Island is an Australian external territory in the Indian Ocean, and on this 135 sq km (52 sq mi) patch live literally millions of red land crabs, found only on this island. To spawn, the females make their way down to the beach at high tide to release their eggs into the ocean – at the risk of drowning, as they are not aquatic. The eggs will hatch, and the tiny crabs will eventually return to the island. During this mass migration, the island slows down and makes way for the red river flowing over its streets, stairs, and anything else between the crabs and their goal.
Christmas Island Crab Migration
Baby crabs returning to Christmas Island
Filed under Articles, Links to External Articles, Lists, Research, Science & Technology


phrases, sayings, idioms and expressions at
The meaning and origin of the expression: Heart's content
Browse phrases beginning with:
Heart's content
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To one's (or your) heart's content means to one's complete inner satisfaction - until one's heart is content.
This phrase is first put into print in Shakespeare's plays and there's every reason to believe that he coined it. He used it in at least two plays:
Henry VI, Part II, 1592 - Her grace in Speech, Makes me from Wondring, fall to Weeping ioyes, Such is the Fulnesse of my hearts content.
The Merchant of Venice, 1596 - I wish your Ladiship all hearts content.
It is also found in a letter Shakespeare sent to the Earl of Southampton, as the dedication of the poem Venus and Adonis:
Right Honourable, - I know not how I shall offend in dedicating my unpolished lines to your Lordship, nor how the world will censure me for choosing so strong a prop to support so weak a burthen: only, if your Honour seem but pleased, I account myself highly praised, and vow to take advantage of all idle hours, till I have honoured you with some graver labour. But, if the first heir of my invention prove deformed, I shall be sorry it had so noble a godfather, and never after ear so barren a land, for fear it yield me still so bad a harvest. I leave it to your honourable survey, and your Honour to your heart's content; which I wish may always answer your own wish, and the world's hopeful expectation,
See other phrases and sayings from Shakespeare.


vdsNode* vdsAddNode (vdsVec3 coord, vdsVec3 normal, vdsByte3 color)
Add a vertex of the original model as a leaf node of the VDS vertex tree
Documentation
Add a vertex of the original model as a leaf node of the VDS vertex tree. Given a vertex coordinate, creates a vdsNode to represent the vertex as a leaf node in the vertex tree.
Returns:
A pointer to the created node, in case the user wishes to create a vertex->data field. NOTE: This pointer is only guaranteed valid until the next call to vdsAddNode() or vdsEndGeometry(). Note: vdsAddNode() must be called between vdsBeginGeometry() and vdsEndGeometry().
Parameters:
coord - The coordinates of the vertex
normal - The surface normal at the vertex
color - The surface color at the vertex
alphabetic index hierarchy of classes


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In the article Levenshtein distance Wikipedia says about the proof of invariant that:
This proof fails to validate that the number placed in d[i,j] is in fact minimal; this is more difficult to show, and involves an argument by contradiction in which we assume d[i,j] is smaller than the minimum of the three, and use this to show one of the three is not minimal.
So how can I show that d[i,j] is actually minimal? (informal proof is ok)
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1 Answer 1
There is an optimal edit sequence in which the edit operations occur in order from left to right. There are only three options for the last edit operation: insert the last character of the target string, delete the last character of the source string, or replace the last character. Everything before the last edit operation must be optimal.
See section 5.5 of these notes.
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Language, as Mel Bochner has mentioned for over forty years, is not transparent. But, if it is not transparent, what is it then? Two alternatives immediately come to mind: it's probably opaque or it's translucent. But what happens when Bochner repeats this message over time is that it seems to push language from relative transparency to relative opacity. After all, what do you do when you talk to someone and you think they don't get the message? He repeats it, and if they still don't understand it, he repeats it again. All the repetition of the words prevents their clarity, this is what happens in Bochner's work: the words are always legible, but not always clear, and they stamp words and phrases at various overlapping anglesAnother clear aspect of Bochner's work is the dichotomy between color and language, which subsists in both because of its material. Both are physical aspects on the canvas. Color and language are inseparable companions in Bochner's work. His mono-prints can generate countless studies around the use of color and how Bochner combines, separates, contradicts and more.Something is clear to us, Bochner is right: language is not transparent, and that is because it is full of color.
Barry Schwabsky
Mel Bochner – Painter and Artist
Mel Bochner (Pittsburgh, 1940)
Mel Bochner is one of the most important living American conceptual artists of today. Related to Joseph Kosuth and Bruce Nauman, his work has been exhibited in prestigious museums such as the Tate Modern in London or the MoMA in New York. Bochner's pieces fuse interests in design, written language, and art to push the boundaries of conceptual art.
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text:
The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) recently kicked off its Cyber Assured Systems Engineering (CASE) programme, with the aim of building cyber resiliency into defence programmes at a systems level.
CASE was announced by DARPA last year. It will investigate how cyber-security techniques can be applied in a broad, scalable fashion, making cyber resiliency a 'non-functional property' at the system level. Cyber would be an essential component of any defence system's design right from the outset, no matter what role is intended for the system.
The idea is to design new engineering workflows and tools to assist in the design of systems, ensuring cyber resiliency plays a key role in each stage of the process.


text:
This paper studies whether the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy offers new perspectives for those who, in economic terms, were relatively deprived under the old regime. Previous empirical research on this question has been limited by the availability of representative longitudinal micro-data that track individuals' labour market careers across different political regimes. Our study seeks to fill this research gap by looking at the transition of Eastern Germany following German Unification. Using a unique large-scale German administrative data set, we measure individuals' relative economic position by exploiting information on whether individuals were in the bottom of the pre-unification wage distribution. We then address the question of how workers' low or high-wage status determines their wage and labour market status within and across different regimes. We document strong evidence of a dynamic selection process into low-wage employment after Unification. Furthermore, consistent with a weak connection between individuals' true productivity and their pre-unification low-wage status, the extent of across regime state dependence is found to be small in magnitude and appears to vanish over time. For males, the small extent of across regime dependence is found to be most pronounced among the medium and high-skilled, suggesting the depreciation of general human capital as a potential explanation.
Low Pay Dynamics Economic Transition State Dependence


text: The Internet technology encourages electronic commerce between people and/or organizations that are physically distributed in different locations, which makes it difficult to trust each other. The existing work of electronic trades have proposed protocols and mechanisms with mediation by Trusted Third Parties (TTP), on the assumption that the third parties could be trusted without reservation by each party on a trade. Such an assumption, however, is sometimes not applicable to businesses via the Internet where various parties are trading each other, and it is not practical to give infinite trust to the parties regardless of the scale or period of trades. This paper proposes the degree of trust which limits the amount of money or goods that can be sent at one time according to the risk of the parties on trades. Each of risk limits is assumed to be determined through information from credit facilities or by the decision of each party. Then we discuss the feasibility of transactions within given credit limits and propose algorithms to judge the feasibility.


text:
An error occurred while sending the contact message
Contact message has been sent successfully
Determination of ring stiffness.
A sample (pipe) is subjected to deformation at a constant speed and the curve representing the force according to deformation is obtained. The ring stiffness is calculated using the necessary force to deform the diameter of the pipe by 3%.
Products that applies
Plastics piping systems for civil works for water in:
Drainage and sewerage without pressure made of unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) EN 1401-1.
Buried drainage and sewage without pressure (structured wall) of:
Unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) EN 13476-1, -2, -3
Polyethylene (PE) EN 13476-1, -2, -3
Polypropylene (PP) EN 13476-1, -2, -3
Conveyance of water under pressure made of oriented unplasticized Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-O) ISO 16422
Supply of buried and above ground drainage, sewerage and irrigation water under pressure - Oriented unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-O) UNE EN 17176-2, -5 / UNE-CEN/TS 17176-3.
Plastics piping systems for building and discharge of waste water made Polypropylene (PP) EN 1451-1


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ite sits within the Green Mountain National Forest and is maintained by the Green Mountain Club. It also happens to lie on both the Long Trail and the Appalachian Trail.
Griffith Lake can be accessed only by walking or snowshoeing along a trail, with parking being available at the Griffith Lake Trailhead. The trail continues on to the Griffith Lake Trail, which is a 12 kilometre loop around the lake.
Once at the lake, it is possible to go swimming, picnicking and camping. There is also plenty of wildlife to see, most of which can be spotted while making the hike to the lake.
14. Maidstone Lake; Essex County
Maidstone Lake is a remote lake that was created by the melting glaciers over 12,000 years ago. Today, the beautiful 322 hectare lake is a lovely place to visit to enjoy recreational activities in peace and quiet.
Maidstone State Park is located on the eastern shoreline of the lake, offering swimming, kayaking, canoeing and boating. There is also some great fishing, with lake trout and salmon being in abundance.
The state park has 34 tent/motorhome sites and 25 lean-to sites, as well as a large picnic pavilion, a play area and a swimming beach. The boreal forest surrounding the lake offers some good hiking.
15. Harvey Lake; Caledonia County
Sitting in the northeast section of Vermont, Harvey Lake was named after one of the original settlers of the town of Barnet, which is just east of the lake. SCUBA inventor Jacques Cousteau learned how to stay under water and breathe through hollow reeds on this lake in the 1920s.
Harvey's Lake Park dominates the northern end of the lake, featuring public beaches, picnic areas and camping grounds. The most popular beach is Harvey's Lake Beach that is open from June to August and has barbeque grills, beach volleyball and a concession stand.
Most people come to the lake to cool off, go swimming and enjoy the picturesque surroundings.


text:
- stump (n.)
- mid-14c., "remaining part of a severed arm or leg," from or cognate with Middle Low German stump (from adjective meaning "mutilated, blunt, dull"), Middle Dutch stomp "stump," from Proto-Germanic *stump- (cf. Old Norse stumpr, Old High German and German stumpf "stump," German Stummel "piece cut off"), perhaps related to the root of stub or stamp, but the connection in each case presents difficulties.
Earliest form of the word in English is a now-obsolete verb meaning "to stumble over a tree-stump or other obstacle," attested from mid-13c. Meaning "part of a tree trunk left in the ground after felling" is from mid-15c. Sense of "walk clumsily" is first recorded c.1600; that of "baffle" is first recorded 1807, perhaps in reference to plowing newly cleared land.
- stump (v.)
- "to go on a speaking tour during a political campaign," 1838, American English, from phrase stump speech (1820), from stump (n.), large tree stumps being a natural perch for rural orators (this custom is attested from 1775).


text:
Standard Impulse Machine Equipment and Operation
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) establishes the part numbers and/or description of the critical components and operational guidelines for the standard hydraulic impulse machine for testing hydraulic hose assemblies, tubing, coils, and fittings and may be used for similar fluid system components, if desired.
The standard impulse machine is established for the following purposes:
As referee in the event of conflicting data from two or more nonstandard impulse machines. Such a referee machine might be built by an impartial testing activity.
A design guide for future machines being built by manufacturers and users, or the upgrading of present machines.
A design guide for higher pressure machines or special purpose machines being designed.
It is not the intention of this document to obsolete present machines.


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Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 alpha (SDF-1 alpha)
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1; CXCL12) has two forms, SDF-1 alpha and SDF-1 beta. They are encoded by a single gene and arise by alternative splicing. The two proteins are identical except for the additional four amino acids present in the carboxy-terminus of SDF-1 beta. SDF-1 is a chemoattractant for T-lymphocytes and monocytes, but not neutrophils. SDF-1 is a ligand for the CXCR4 receptor that functions as a co-receptor for lymphocytetropic HIV-1 strains and plays a role in the inhibition of infection in HIV.
Swiss-Prot Accession Number: P48061-2