Food and Drink during Childbirth | OG medical
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Food and Drink during Childbirth
 - Food and Drink during Childbirth
 Years ago, mothers-to-be had to follow a strict "no drink, no food" diet during childbirth. We look at why, and discuss what has (and hasn't) changed.
 Child birth used to be considered an operation – and you don't drink or eat when operated on, right? The patient/mother-to-be lies in bed and does not interfere with anything, leaving everything to her healthcare personnel.
 Should someone have argued that childbirth is NOT an operation but a natural phenomenon to which the female body is innately disposed, then the main objection against drinking and eating used to be (and still is): "And what if we need to perform an acute Cesarean?" or "What if the placenta fails to separate and we end up having to perform manual placenta lysis?" Thus the "no-drink" and "no-eat" rule stems from the concern that the birth might turn complicated and a surgery might become necessary.
 How to resolve this dilemma?
 Acute Cesarean section (a Cesarean whose necessity emerges unexpectedly during the delivery) is performed on no more than 5% of women giving birth to a term baby in healthy condition. Therefore a fundamental philosophical question arises as to whether obstetricians have the right to keep 95 out of 100 pregnant women hungry, and worse than that, thirsty – for many hours, for no reason.
 On the other hand, if every woman is allowed to drink, what should we do if the delivery indeed runs into problems and Cesarean section becomes necessary whilst the woman has a full stomach, vomits during narcosis, inhales vomitus and either chokes to death or develops pulmonitis… such is the catastrophic scenario frequently used as a counter-argument.
 Compromise is possible. As long as you have been admitted to the labor ward at the start of the delivery and are full term, with your foetus in a normal position, have a normal entry monitor result, and thus a high chance for a normal (vaginal) delivery – then in my opinion you can take small sips of pure non-carbonated still water throughout the entire labor (frequently and in small amounts).
 Should you feel like having some tea, we have no objection to warm, mildly sweetened weakish black or green tea. If your delivery proceeds at a fast rate which makes you dizzy and raises your stomach, you can gulp small bits of crushed ice. Ice in contact with stomach tissue has an anesthetic effect and can suppress the vomit reflex triggered by the pressure of the fetal head upon the pelvis floor and by dilation of the cervix and vagina by the fetal head, further contributed to by fatigue and low level of blood sugar.
 Throughout labor you may also use some ionic drinks, except that they always seem to have a bit of a chemical taste to them that might boost the tendency to vomit. Lack of ions and glucose accompanied by the compulsion to vomit can always be tackled by way of infusion with appropriate contents of minerals and glucose while at the same time gulping the crushed ice. You may not know that the vomit reflex is rarely manifested in any significant way during deliveries under well performed epidural analgesia, i.e. during such delivery it is enough to take sips of your favorite non-carbonated water or tea (with no need for the ice) and if the need for acute Cesarean arises it can be done under epidural anaesthesia which is an expanded epidural analgesia. In other countries, childbirth without local anaesthesia (epidural or spinal) is utterly exceptional, which minimizes potential risks of vomitus inhaling and thus eliminates the logical argument calling for restriction of drinking. If necessary, the stomach contents can always be sucked off by way of a nasogastric tube.
 As for food, let us take a reasonable approach. At the very start and mainly in case of slow-paced labor I can see no risk in having a fruit cocktail (concocted fruit without skin and stones, such that you have tested before as to having good tolerance for), it will satiate you for a while, give you vitamins and sugar and depart from the stomach within an hour, or you can use NUTRIDRINK – a commercially available liquid cocktail which contains proteins, sugar, fat, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and other important nutriments.
 During the further course of labor (mainly in the active phase of the first stage of labor – from approximately 5 cm dilation onwards) eating is by no means recommended – in the vast majority of cases the menu ends up on the floor or on the clothes of the delivery room staff. An exception may be a small bit of chocolate: let it melt in your mouth, thus raising the level of sugar in your blood. On behalf of delivery room personnel I beg you not to listen to your mum or your in-law encouraging you in good faith before your departure to hospital: "Go ahead and have the beef steak while you still can, darling – in the hospital they will starve you to death ".
 In the second stage of labor in between pushing you can gulp small bits of ice or take small sips of pure non carbonated water.
 The third stage of labor (through to birth of the placenta) is more or less a restful period during which it is better to restrain from drinking and eating – this phase normally does not take more than 10 minutes. Once the placenta has been birthed, after your muliebria have been checked, after your birth injury (if any) has been attended to, and having heard the final "everything is okay" statement, you can again resume intake if thirsty (in fact, every woman who has managed vaginal delivery should deserve a sip of champagne). This is when the nurse normally brings you the baby for breastfeeding and you will most likely have other things on your mind than food or drink.
 If, during some time after delivery (while still in the delivery room) you get desperately hungry, try to exercise moderation, eat rather slowly, taking small bites and thoroughly chewing your food. This is especially recommendable if you have toiled hard during the second stage of labor (the pushing stage) – in which case your stomach may remain sensitive for several more hours. Therefore, it's probably better not send your husband for that Big Mac... even though... sometimes there is no pleasure like grabbing a big bite to eat.

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Where are polar bears found in Newfoundland?
Polar Bears are most frequently spotted on the Great Northern Penninsula but Polar Bears have been seen as far south as St. John's on the southern Avalon Peninsula, Fogo Island, the Witless Bay Ecological Reserve, and pretty much every coastal community in Newfoundland and Labrador.
Are there bears in Newfoundland island?
The Newfoundland black bear (Ursus americanus hamiltoni) is a morphologically distinct subspecies of the American black bear which is endemic to the island of Newfoundland in Atlantic Canada.
Are there wolves in Newfoundland?
A quick wiki search will tell you the Newfoundland wolf (a subspecies of the grey wolf) is long gone and that the only canine on the island is the coyote, which was recently introduced.
Are there grizzly bears in Newfoundland?
Newfoundland does not have the American Brown bear (Grizzly Bear). Grizzly Bears will stand their ground if you encounter them. Black bears will try to avoid encounters with humans. NL, like Ontario has the Black Bears.
Do polar bears eat humans?
THIS IS IMPORTANT: How long does it take to complete Texas hunter safety course?
Do polar bears eat penguins?
What is the warmest temperature a polar bear can live in?
The warmest areas in summer are inland regions of Siberia, Alaska, and Canada where temperatures can reach as high as 32°C (90°F). The ocean temperatures in the Arctic are about -1.5°C (29°F) in summer.
Can a polar bear survive in warm weather?
Hunt invitation


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Instructional Objective The learner shall be able to identify plants according to classification and location on nursery grounds.
Learners/Context The learners are Spanish-speaking workers that are employed at a wholesale nursery farm. The learners have limited knowledge of horticulture and rely on the bilingual supervisor for instruction. The learners job description involves filling plant orders and loading them onto the truck to be transported out. At the time of hire, workers are given a manual of the nursery plants and their location on the farm.
This card game will be used by the nurserymen on the break tables located on the farm. Supervisors will monitor each participant's play to ensure accurate responses were being given. When a supervisor is not available, a list of all plants and locations is provided. This game will be used as remedial practice.
Rationale The material that is used will provide the learners with pictures and names of specific plants located on the farm. The challenge allows the learner to combine his visual identification of a plant and his knowledge of its location. The use of a card game initiates group participation and mastery of subject matter in a unique way.
Rules The game is played in the following manner:
1. Jungle Gin is designed for 2 to 4 players. The game cards represent individual plants. These plants grow in specific locations on the farm. The 5 different locations define the suits.
2. Each player is dealt 7 cards from the dealer staring from his left. Once all players have their cards, the remaining deck is placed face down with the top card turned face up next to the remaining pile.
3. Starting with the dealer, proceeding clockwise, each player is to either pick up the facing card or choose one that is facing down in the remaining pile. Once a card is chosen, the player has thirty seconds to decide if the new card is to be kept or discarded face up on the pile next to the remaining stack. If the new card is kept, the player must discard one of his other cards. A player is to always have exactly 7 cards in his hand at the completion of his turn. If the remaining card stack is completed, simply turn over discarded pile with the top card turned face up.
4. Once a player's turn is completed, the next player follows the same pattern. This process continues until the first player has successfully collected 4 cards from one suit and 3 cards from a different suit.
Spanish Rules El juego se juega en la sigiente manera:
1. Jungle Gin este designado para 2 a 4 jugadores. Las cartas representen individuales plantas. Estas plantas crecen en especifica locacciones en el bibidero. Las cinco differentes locacciones definen las bases.
2. A cada jugador se da cartas comensando en la mano esquierda. Cuando todas los jugadores tienen cartas el resto del juego de cartas se pone cara abajo en la mesa y la carta de ariba se pone cara ariba al lado.
3. Comensando con el que das las cartas, cada jugador tiene que escojer la carta cara ariba o una del juego de cara abajo. Cuando lo a escojido, el jugador tiene trienta sequndos a decidir si se va quedar con la nueva carta o si la va regresar al juego de cara ariba. Si se queda con la carta nueva tiene que descartar una de las otras cartas en su mano. El jugador tiene que tener 7 cartas en su mano en completir su turno. Si el juego do cartas se completa, simplemente, volteen el juego de cartas descartadas con la carta de ariba con cara ariba.
4. Cuando el jugador completa su turno, el sigiente jugador siga el mismo forma. Este processo sige hasta que el primer jugador completa 4 cartas de un base y 3 de un base differente.
Deck Design The card deck consists of a total of 56 cards. There are 2 cards for each of the twenty-eight different plants. Each card illustrates a picture of a specific plant and the plant name. The illustration of the plant is located on both the top left corner and bottom right corner of the card. This design provides convenient visibility of the plant while the 7 cards are held by the player. The name of the plant is located in bold letters in the middle of the card.
Design Process The design process began with determining the easiest way for Spanish-speaking workers to read the game cards. The original design consisted of one picture of a plant in the middle of the card and the plant name placed above it. While evaluating the game, I decided the more visible the plant was to the player, the more effective the game card would be. This style of card design also makes it easier for the player to concentrate on the objective of the game without the distraction of always looking back through his 7 cards to see which plants he had collected. The color of the cards remained constant to detract from players memorizing the colors of the cards instead of content. The size of the cards had originally been much smaller. My evaluation determined that it was difficult to see the plants, as well as hold all 7 cards comfortably in a player's hand.
In the design process, I found it somewhat difficult to communicate that the 5 different locations on the farm determined the 5 different suits. It was at this point in playing the game that some of the players wanted assistance.
While completing the design process, I also came across other potential games to be used with the same game cards. These include collecting matching cards and plant family grouping.
MASTER PLANT LIST
LOCATION 1 Silk Tree
LOCATION 2 Aloe Vera
LOCATION 3 Geranium
LOCATION 4 Evergreen
Vine Hill Manzanita
LOCATION 5 Pathos
Grecian Patten Plant

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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How to Pick a Fragrance For Every Season
Each season has its own feelings and emotions, and with them go different scents. While springtime is a time of rebirth, with flower blossoms and warming light, the summer season is warm and filled with flowers and green plants. Fall is more saturated, with deeper colors and scents of musk and patchouli. Winter's cold whiteness is reflected in scents of citrus, vanilla and spice. Here are some helpful tips for choosing a fragrance for each of the four seasons.
Spring is a time of new beginnings, with the ground beginning to warm, and flower blossoms and tree buds beginning to form. Suddenly, the earth is green again, and colors begin to appear in outdoor gardens. For springtime, choose a fragrance that reflects this new awakening and feelings of joy, such as those that include notes of lily of the valley, peonies and violets.
During the long, warm days of summer, many people find themselves spending more time outdoors, celebrating holidays or just spending time with family. Choose a summer fragrance that mimics the happy, sweet, and sexy feelings of the summertime. Scents that contain sweet summer florals, such as roses and orange blossoms, mixed with fresh fruit scents like raspberry and peach can be a delightful summer fragrance. In addition, a tropical fragrance with notes of honeysuckle, island flowers, and sea salt can also be a pleasant reminder of sun-soaked days spent on the beach or vacation.
As the leaves begin to change colors and fall from the trees, the landscape turns deeper and more saturated with colors of deep reds, oranges, and browns. Fall is the time for deep, saturated and seductive fragrances, such as those containing spicy and musky notes. Look for a fragrance that contains hints of sandalwood, musk, amber, and jasmine.
Citrus and other fruity scents reflect the winter season and the holidays it brings, such as Christmas and Passover. Select a fragrance that is reminiscent of these holiday scents, such as pomegranate and vanilla bean, lemon, or orange. Spicy scents can be overpowering during the warm months but bring a warmth to the crisp winter air. Try a scent with notes of spicy cinnamon or cardamom. As the seasons change, select a fragrance that accompanies each one's attributes.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Disputing PharmCAS GPA Calculations
Disputing Your GPA Calculations
 1. Note that:
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text:
By Emmanuel Moyo
The Department of Disaster and Management Affairs (DoDMA) has urged farmers in Karonga District to practice diversification in farming with an aim of suiting amounts of rainfall that the District will receive.
Deputy Director for Risk Reduction at DoDMA, Fedson Chikuse made the remarks on Tuesday at Karonga Museum following revelation that dry spells are very likely to happen in January 2022 in the District as predicted by the Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services.
In areas where there has been prediction of low rainfall and likelihood of dry spells, we advise farmers to grow variety of crops that will match the amount of rainfall, Karonga is well known for growing rice so the type of rice should be that which matches the predicted rainfall amounts. Chikuse said.
On his part, Karonga District Commissioner Paul Kalilombe said the district is ready to reduce impact of low rainfall amounts and described the dissemination about rainfall amounts as very essential to communities that rely on farming.
As a district, we are ready because we have been doing preparations for a long time like providing equipment for measuring water levels, so dissemination about rainfall amounts is very necessary as this will help a lot of people who rely on rains to plan properly. He said.
According to the seasonal weather forecast by the Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services, in January 2022, the northern and southern parts of Karonga are likely to receive rainfall amounts between 175-210mm.
The department adds that areas of Traditional Authority Kyungu, Karonga Town and Nyika National Park will receive less rainfall amounts between the range of 75-140mm and likelihood of prolonged dry spells in January is very likely.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
in the traditional notation for categorical logic, a proposition that is both particular and negative. Example: "Some trees are not evergreens." Such a proposition affirms that there is at least one tree that is not also an evergreen. Its contradictory is an "A" proposition with the same subject and predicate terms.
[A Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names]
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Forcing yourself to look at the big picture, or pretending that you are a fly on the wall observing a scene as it unfolds, can be an effective anger management strategy.
Experts say that changing the focus from being a participant in a stressful situation, to being an observer from a distanced perspective can help an individual come to a true understanding of their feelings.
Researchers call this strategy "self-distancing."
In a new study, college students who believed a lab partner was berating them for not following directions responded less aggressively and showed less anger when they were told to take analyze their feelings from a self-distanced perspective.
"The secret is to not get immersed in your own anger and, instead, have a more detached view," said Dominik Mischkowski, lead author of the research performed at Ohio State University.
"You have to see yourself in this stressful situation as a fly on the wall would see it."
While other studies have examined the value of self-distancing for calming angry feelings, this is the first to show that it can work in the heat of the moment, when people are most likely to act aggressively, Mischkowski said.
The worst thing to do in an anger-inducing situation is what people normally do: try to focus on their hurt and angry feelings to understand them, said Brad Bushman, Ph.D., a co-author of the study.
"If you focus too much on how you're feeling, it usually backfires," Bushman said.
"It keeps the aggressive thoughts and feelings active in your mind, which makes it more likely that you'll act aggressively."
Study findings are found online in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology and will be published in a future print edition.
To prove the concept, researchers performed to related studies. The first involved 94 college students who were told they were participating in a study about the effects of music on problem solving, creativity and emotions.
The students listened to an intense piece of classical music while attempting to solve 14 difficult anagrams (rearranging a group of letters to form a word such as "pandemonium"). They had only seven seconds to solve each anagram, record their answer and communicate it to the experimenter over an intercom.
But the plan of the study was to provoke the students into anger, which the experimenters did using a technique which has been used many times in similar studies.
The experimenter interrupted the study participants several times to ask them to speak louder into the intercom, finally saying "Look, this is the third time I have to say this! Can't you follow directions? Speak louder!"
After this part of the experiment, the participants were told they would be participating in a task examining the effects of music on creativity and feelings.
The students were told to go back to the anagram task and "see the scene in your mind's eye." They were put into three groups, each of which were asked to view the scene in different ways.
Some students were told to adopt a self-immersed perspective ("see the situation unfold through your eyes as if it were happening to you all over again") and then analyze their feelings surrounding the event.
Others were told to use the self-distancing perspective ("move away from the situation to a point where you can now watch the event unfold from a distance and watch the situation unfold as if it were happening to the distant you all over again") and then analyze their feelings.
The third control group was not told how to view the scene or analyze their feelings.
Each group was told to replay the scene in their minds for 45 seconds. Then the researchers tested the participants for aggressive thoughts and angry feelings.
Results showed that students who used the self-distancing perspective had fewer aggressive thoughts and felt less angry than both those who used the self-immersed approach and those in the control group.
"The self-distancing approach helped people regulate their angry feelings and also reduced their aggressive thoughts," Mischkowski said.
In a second study, the researchers went further and showed that self-distancing can actually make people less aggressive when they've been provoked.
In this study, 95 college students were told they were going to do an anagram task, similar to the one in the previous experiment. But in this case, they were told they were going to be working with an unseen student partner, rather than one of researchers (in reality, it actually was one of the researchers).
In this case, the supposed partner was the one who delivered the scathing comments about following directions.
As in the first study, the participants were then randomly assigned to analyze their feelings surrounding the task from a self-immersed or a self-distanced perspective.
Participants assigned to a third control group did not receive any instructions regarding how to view the scene or focus on their feelings.
Next, the participants were told they would be competing against the same partner who had provoked them earlier in a reaction-time task. The winner of the task would get the opportunity to blast the loser with noise through headphones – and the winner chose the intensity and length of the noise blast.
Investigators discovered participants who used the self-distancing perspective to think about their partners' provocations showed lower levels of aggression than those in the other two groups. That is, their noise blasts against their partner tended to be shorter and less intense.
"These participants were tested very shortly after they had been provoked by their partner," Mischkowski said.
"The fact that those who used self-distancing showed lower levels of aggression shows that this technique can work in the heat of the moment, when the anger is still fresh."
Of interest is the discovery that those who used the self-distancing approach showed less aggression than those in the control group, who were not told how to view the anger-inducing incident with their partner.
This suggests people may naturally use a self-immersing perspective when confronted with a provocation – a perspective that is not likely to reduce anger.
Thus, the tendency to immerse oneself in a problem (anger) to work through the situation, may backfire and make an individual more aggressive.
A better technique to use when angry is distraction – thinking of something calming to take the mind off the anger. However, even this technique is only a short-term strategy.
Mischkowski believes the research clearly shows that self-distancing is the best method to mitigate anger.
"But self-distancing really works, even right after a provocation – it is a powerful intervention tool that anyone can use when they're angry."
Source: Ohio State University


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Here we present two examples of how the metaP-server can be used in your research
and how its output can be interpreted.
Example 1: Drug testing: LC-MS/MS (raw area counts) data
This is a walk-through example based on LC-MS/MS data from a small drug dosing study analyzing liver tissue.
Example 2: Human, mouse, and bovine plasma samples measured using AbsoluteIDQ Kits
In this example, we mainly focus on the functionality of the metaP server that has not been described in Example 1 yet (such as checking for batch effects and jugding the reproducibility of measurements).


text:
Degrees and Certifications:
Mr. Robert Byng
My schedule: 1p: Pre-Calculus, 2p: Planning, 3p: Math 3, 4p: Math 3
Mr. Byng offers after school help: Mon, Thur and Fri from 2:25 - 3:15I have migrated all my lessons, notes and handouts onto Canvas. All students have a Canvas account and can access it anywhere they have an internet connection. Parents can also observe their student by signing up for an account too. See the left border's link for more information.


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A new static gas analyser for anaerobic digestion (AD) biogas, and landfill gas monitoring has been designed to suits tight-budgets. The new GA3000 uses Geotech's robust, field-proven technology to bring low-cost to automated fixed-position monitoring of methane-rich biogas. Easily operator installed, user field-calibrated and zeroed, the compact, self-contained, single-cabinet GA3000 has gas conditioning as standard. It continuously analyses CH4, CO2, O2 and optionally, H2S at 0-5000ppm. They are measured, at user-set timings, and supply data via three or four, 4-20mA local outputs. Users also set alarm levels and can see screen-displayed readings on a large, clear, backlit display.
The strong interest in the GA3000 is its application for AD, wastewater sludge treatment and landfill gas extraction. The GA3000 is available from September 2010.
AD is increasingly being used in waste processing and biogas production to recycle food and farm waste, avoid landfill and generate biogas and energy from waste. These AD installations, large and small, need continuous gas analysis to optimise AD, maximise output and ensure safety and compliance with environmental guidelines and legislation.
This new robust, reliable and cost-effective system provides continuous and accurate sampling of methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen from a single sample point. Hydrogen sulphide sampling is a GA3000 option. User field calibration of the analyser and exchange of the optional hydrogen sulphide (H2S) sensor reduce operational costs.
With no training required and engineered for low ownership cost, this ISO 17025 calibration accredited unit is designed for quick and easy self-installation in any country, worldwide. User relocation of the GA3000 is just as easy. With gas conditioning included as standard, to ensure top quality gas analysis, the user-replaceable H2S sensor and analyser 'Hot Swap' capability offers zero downtime.
The GA3000 adds to Geotech's static gas analysis range. For more information visit _URL_.


suite of n distinct elements of F2m and gzF2mz a unit polynomial of degree r irreducible in F2mz. The irreducible binary Goppa code, its support L (generator vector) and its generator polynomial g noted ΓLg is the set of words a=a1anF2n such that one of the following equivalent characterizations is verified:
 1. Raz=i=1naizαi=0modgz.
 2. Hat=0 with H=111α1α2αn...α1r1α2r1αnr1gα11....gαn1 parity check matrix.
 3. gz divided dσazdz with c σaz=i=1nzαiai locator polynomial.
The construction of a code Goppa:
Goppa's code is a linear code on the field F2, its construction requires the use of an extension F2m. Each element of the matrix H is then broken down into m elements of F2 placed in columns, using a projection of F2m in F2m; we go from a size matrix r×n on F2m to a matrix of size rm×n on F2 so it is a length code n=L and dimension k=nmr and has a minimum distance at least equal to d=r+1. Indeed the parity check matrix H is written as the product of a Vandermonde matrix and an invertible matrix therefore all under a square matrix r×r of H is invertible, then there are no code words with a weight less than or equal to r.
The decoding of a Goppa code:
Several techniques exist to decode Goppa codes but they work by the same principle. Let c=c+e and we<r2. We start by calculating the syndrome Rcz on F2m; from this syndrome we will write a key equation, and we will finish the decoding by solving the key equation to finde.
If Raz=0 the word will belong to the code.
The key equation
Let σez=i=1nzαiei of degree <r2. On introduit le polynôme wez=σezRezmodgz called evaluator polynomial.
σezRez=i=1neizαij=1nzαjejmodgz=i=1neij=1jinzαjejmodgz.
We can solve the key equation in two different ways: Berlekamp Massey's algorithm and the extended Euclidean algorithm. The latter has the advantage of being easier to present. Indeed we seek to find we and σe of degree <r2 such as wez=σezRezmodgz=σezRez+kzgz. If we try to calculate the gcd of gRe with the extended Euclidean algorithm, we will calculate at each step the polynomials ui,vi,ri checking Reui+gvi=ri. At each step the polynomials ui and vi will be of degree <i and the degree of ri is equal to ri. There is therefore a step at which if we stop the algorithm we will find a solution of the equation σe=ui0 and wi0=ri0 to a scalar coefficient.
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3. Encryption/decryption systems
3.1 The basic system (McEliece)
We start by generating a code nkdq linear of a well-chosen family and its generator matrix G. We are going to mix this matrix to make it indistinguishable from a random matrix, so we need a permutation matrix P her size is n×n (having 1 in each row and column and 0 everywhere) and an invertible matrix S her size k×k (S is jammer). The public key will be G=SGP which is indistinguishable from a random matrix (The definition of a random matrix comes from the definition of random code which be introduced in section four). The knowledge of S, P and G allows us to find the structure of the design code and provides us with the decoding algorithm.
3.1.1 The algorithms of the McEliece system
We cite the component algorithms of the McEliece cryptosystem [4].
The generation of keys
Input
A family of linear codes nkdq chosen for design.
Procedure
Choose a generator matrix G in systematic form of the design code.
Choose an invertible matrix S her size k with coefficients in Fq.
Choose a permutation matrix P her size is n×n.
Calculate G=SGP.
Output
The public key G.
The private key SGP.
Encryption of the plaintext.
Input
The public key G.
The plaintext xFqk.
Procedure
Choose a vector eFqn (an error) his weight less than or equal to the design code correction capacity.
Calculate y=xG+e.
Output: The cipher text y.
Decryption of cipher text
Input: the cipher text y, The private key SGP.
Procedure
Calculate u=yP1.
Calculate x=fGu with fG the design code decoding algorithm, whose generator matrix is G.
Calculate x=xS1.
Output: the plaintext x.
Remark
The use of binary Goppa code as a secret key is initially proposed by McEliece in its original version. Where he took the following parameters: m=10,n=2n=1024,r=50,k=nmr=524. So far it seems that this choice is perfectly safe, but it is not used in practice because the size of its public key is very large.
Example
We use the Hamming code with its generator matrix G=1000101010001100101100001111 and parity check matrixH=101110001110101101001.
The generation of keys
Let the private key S,G,P.
S=1000010110110001=S1, P=0100000000100000100001000000000000100001000000010, P1=0001000100000000100000100000000001000000010000100
The public key: G=SGP=0100111100100111100011000111
Encryption
Let the plaintext x=0110 and let error vector e=_PHONE_.
The cipher text is y=xG+e=_PHONE_+_PHONE_=_PHONE_.
Decryption
We decipher the text received y=_PHONE_. We have y=xG+e=xSGP+e then P1=xSG+eP1=_PHONE_=y. Hyt=110, so the error is in the third position hence u=_PHONE_=xSG. And since G is generator matrix of the systematic system then xS=1110 then x=1110S1=0110. x. Then the plaintext sought.
3.2 The Niederreiter variant
Let C a linear t-corrector code of length n and dimension k. Let H a parity check matrix of C her size is nk×n. We randomly choose an invertible matrix S and P a permutation matrix. We calculate H=SHP. We will have H a public key and SHP the private key, with the knowledge of a syndrome decoding algorithm in C. Let x a plaintext of length n and weight t, we calculate the cipher text y=Hxt. The recipient receives y knowing the secret key, he can calculate S1y=HPxt. Using the syndrome decoding algorithm of C, he can find Pxt and applying P1 the plaintext x is found.
The algorithms of the Niederreiter cryptosystem [5]
The generation of keys
Input
A linear code nkdq is chosen for the design, of which we know a decoding algorithm by syndrome.
Procedure
Choose a parity check matrix H of design code.
Choose a matrix S, invertible of size k with coefficients inFq.
Choose a permutation matrix P of sizen×n.
Calculate H=SHP.
Output
The public key H.
The private keySHP.
Encryption
Input
The public key H.
The plaintext xFqn of weight less than or equal to the correction capacity.
Procedure
Calculate y=Hxt.
Output
The cipher texty.
Decryption
Input
The private key SHP.
The cipher texty.
Procedure
Calculate y=S1y.
Calculate x=fHy with fH the code syndrome decoding algorithm, its parity check matrix is H.
Calculate x=xP1.
Output
The plaintext x.
Remark
Reed-Solomon codes were originally proposed by Niederreiter as a family of codes that could be considered by his cryptosystem. In 1992 Sidelnikov and Shestakov have shown that it is easy to attack this cryptosystem [2].
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4. The security of cryptosystems based on correcting codes
The security of cryptosystems based on error-correcting codes is based on the problem of distinguishing the design code (hidden) from a random code. We first give the following definitions:
 - Code equivalence
Two codes are said to be equivalent if their generator matrices (respectively parity) are deduced from each other by permutation of columns.
 - Random code
A random code is a linear code of which the k linearly independent lines of the generator matrix


text:
What does BTA stand for?
BTA stands for Behavioral Targeting Advertising
This definition appears rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Business, finance, etc.
See other definitions of BTA
We have 165 other meanings of BTA in our Acronym Attic
- Basic Transport Allowance (travel)
- Basic Travelers Allowance
- Bass Tab Archive
- Bata (SIL code, Nigeria)
- Bath Teachers Association
- Bâtiment et Techniques d'Armor (French construction company)
- Bâtiment Technique Artisanal (French construction company)
- Battle Training Assembly
- Be There Aloha
- Be There Always


text:
'Geosystem' is a new term that identifies a very old and well established construction technique which involves using and/or interfacing with the ground (see History). The methodology and engineering input are what make a geo-component a fully working Geosystem. More specifically, 'Geosystems' are defined as composite systems installed and working in the ground which contain three fundamental elements:
Design input and technical expertise are the engineering factors required to ensure a Geosystem is appropriately selected and specified to perform successfully on site:
Selecting the most suitable Geosystem for the site
The selection of a Geosystem needs to be based on the site conditions and on the requirements and aspirations of the client. The Selection of Geosystems page deals in more detail with the suitability of Geosystems for generic types of site. Here are some examples of criteria to take into account when deciding upon the best Geosystem for the site:
Designing a Geosystem
Geo-component suppliers and manufacturers generally offer technical advice and guidance on their products; some suppliers might even offer in-house design services often covered by some level of indemnity.
Whether or not such technical/design services would be suitable and sufficient will depend on the size of the site and contractual conditions within the supply chain (client – contractorsupplier – designer), specifically in relation to liability and requirements for warranties/guarantees.
The help of an independent design professional might be sought to determine if the solutions proposed by manufacturers or suppliers are suitable, in accordance both with relevant design codes or guidance and with the environmental requirements and aspirations of the specific project.
Some examples of how using Geosystems can result in carbon savings are available from the Case Studies section of this module. Resource efficiency is realised through opportunities for using local arisings, including soil excavated from the site, but also through whole life considerations: in general, Geosystems lend themselves for deconstruction and recycling at the end of their service life.
Soil, as used within civil engineering for Geosystems, is any type of unconsolidated fill material, either granular or cohesive. Excavated arisings, imported recycled or natural aggregates, weathered rock, soft clay sediments are all types of soil fill that can be used in Geosystems.
Engineered geo-components are manufactured elements such as meshes, strips, textiles, boxes, tubes etc. made of steel, polymers, natural fibres, concrete, timber etc. They are used to provide a specific function within the geosystem, such as containment/reinforcement of the soil and additional drainage.


text:
Despite all the rain recently, there is no need to build an ark just yet. Turlock Irrigation District representatives have said the dam will hold and even though there is a huge supply of water, there is no fear of flooding.
"There are no concerns about flooding or filling Don Pedro Reservoir," said Jason Carkeet, TID utility analyst.
Since Dec. 17, when the first round of storms hit the Central Valley, there has been 11.18 inches of rain recorded, Carkeet said. Since Sept. 1, the Valley has received 28.39 inches of rain, which is 228.2 percent of what the average rainfall is for this date.
The extra rainfall is forcing TID to release 5,800 cubic feet of water per second to keep the elevation level inside Don Pedro Lake at flood control level, which is 801.9 feet above sea level, he said.
About two and a half to three weeks ago, TID started to prepare for the big storms that covered the skies in the Valley and started releasing water in preparation.
In November, TID started releasing 600 cubic feet of water per second to bring down the levels of water in preparation of the heavy rainfall. Then in December, they started releasing 3,500 cubic feet of water until the first storm hit Dec. 17. The lake was at a 797.3 elevation level before the first storm.
TID starts releasing water when the elevation level hits 801.9 feet above sea level and the water level exceeded that on Dec. 25 at 802.8 feet and on Dec. 29 at 804.2 feet.
With the rainfall on Dec. 25 and Dec. 29 reaching over the flood control level, there is about two feet of water in the flood control space already, he said. The flood control space can hold up to 340,000 acre feet to protect the dam from spilling over.
Carkeet said that they will continue to release 5,800 cubic feet of water per second until the water level goes back below the flood control level, which he is expecting to be in a couple of weeks.
Some worry that with the release of the water there will be none for farmers during irrigation season, but Carkeet said they are expecting a high level of snow melt and more rain this winter.
"At this rate, if the rain forecast comes through and we continue to have average rainfall, we will have a full reservoir for irrigation season and we will still have to continue to release a lot of water," he said.
This season's snow run off is also expected to come in above average, as it has already reached 204.7 percent of what the average snow level has been for this date, Carkeet said.
Currently they have about 313,669 acre feet left of storage for incoming rainfall and snowmelt, he said.
TID is preparing for more rainfall and preparing for it to be dry here on out like it did back in 1997, Carkeet said.
"If it goes dry, we can expect to get average rainfall for the year," he said. "A lot of it has come early. It has been really wet so far."
To contact Maegan Martens, e-mail _EMAIL_ or call _PHONE_.


text: "There is a great difference between successfulness and fruitfulness. Success comes from strength, control, and respectability. A successful person has the energy to create something, to keep control over its development, and to make it available in large quantities. Success brings many rewards and often fame. Fruits, however, come from weakness and vulnerability. And fruits are unique. A child is the fruit conceived in vulnerability, community is the fruit born through shared brokenness, and intimacy is the fruit that grows through touching one another's wounds. Let's remind one another that what brings us true joy is not successfulness but fruitfulness."


Home / Go Kids Go, Beaconsfield
Go Kids Go, Beaconsfield
Sports and Exercise program for pre-school children aged 2-5. Classes exist from 2-3 year olds, 3-4 year olds and 4-5 year olds. Children are taught a different sport every 2 weeks. 12 sports in total are taught. Go Kids Go also run sports parties for children aged 3-10 years old.
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Age: Designed for pre-schoolers aged 2-5 years.
Pre-Book: Term bookings.
Changing Facilities: Yes.
Pram Accessibility: Easy access for prams.
Parent Accompany Child: Yes.
Breastfeeding Area: Breastfeeding friendly.
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Into Mystery is a journey to spread inspiration, a series of intricate riddles woven into a gradually unfolding narrative of architecture. As a participatory inquiry into the depth and power of human creativity, Into Mystery taps into a universal commonality: curiosity.
Intersecting with puzzle solving and architecture, it's shaping the future of a new creative community. And that's why it also relies on those individuals willing to take the leap.
Now that you've got your hands on the LightBox, we'll let you in on a secret: it's more than just a puzzle. The LightBox is but a small key to a larger unveiling—a puzzle within a puzzle, if you will. By unlocking the LightBox, you're already party to the mystery. Other clues will slowly reveal itself and due time, so get it on the secret now. This is just the beginning.
See here for the Kickstarter Page.


Response of the COPD Assessment Tool in Stable and Postexacerbation Pulmonary Rehabilitation Populations.
East MidlandsRespiratory
Published Date: 1 May 2015
Abstract
Purpose
The COPD Assessment Tool (CAT) has previously been shown to be a sensitive outcome measure for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in a stable population, but its utility in a postexacerbation PR population is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate any differences in response to the CAT between stable and postexacerbation patients undertaking PR.
Methods
Patients attending a 7-week outpatient PR program completed a CAT questionnaire pre- and postrehabilitation. Patients referred for elective outpatient PR were compared with those who had been referred to PR following a hospital admission for an exacerbation.
Results
Two hundred consecutive patients completed the CAT questionnaire: 125 stable patients (74 male, mean age 71.1 ± 8.9 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] 1.39 L ± 0.6, and body mass index [BMI] 28.5 ± 6.7 kg/m) and 75 postexacerbation patients (23 male, mean age 70.6 ± 8.6 years, FEV1 1.16 L ± 0.5, and BMI 25.8 ± 7.3 kg/m). A statistically significant difference between the stable and postexacerbation patient groups pre-PR CAT score (P = .05) was observed. There was no significant difference in post-PR CAT scores or change in CAT scores between the stable and postexacerbation groups. There was a significant difference in pre- and post-PR walking test results between the groups. The improvement in the Endurance Shuttle Walking Test (ESWT) in the stable group was greater (P < .05).
Conclusions
Postexacerbation PR patients had a worse CAT score prior to PR when compared with a stable PR population, but both groups made improvements in CAT following completion of PR.
Contact
Dr Emma Chaplin
_EMAIL_


text:
escript provides support for running short Erlang programs without having to compile them first and an easy way to retrieve the command line arguments.
escript runs a script written in Erlang.
Here follows an example.
$ cat factorial #!/usr/bin/env escript %% -*- erlang -*- %%! -smp enable -sname factorial -mnesia debug verbose main([String]) -> try \011N = list_to_integer(String), \011F = fac(N), \011io:format("factorial ~w = ~w\ ", [N,F]) catch \011_:_ -> \011 usage() end; main(_) -> usage(). usage() -> io:format("usage: factorial integer\ "), halt(1). fac(0) -> 1; fac(N) -> N * fac(N-1). $ factorial 5 factorial 5 = 120 $ factorial usage: factorial integer $ factorial five usage: factorial integer
The header of the Erlang script in the example differs from a normal Erlang module. The first line is intended to be the interpreter line, which invokes escript. However if you invoke the escript like this
$ escript factorial 5
the contents of the first line does not matter, but it cannot contain Erlang code as it will be ignored.
The second line in the example, contains an optional directive to the Emacs editor which causes it to enter the major mode for editing Erlang source files. If the directive is present it must be located on the second line.
On the third line (or second line depending on the presence of the Emacs directive), it is possible to give arguments to the emulator, such as
%%! -smp enable -sname factorial -mnesia debug verbose
Such an argument line must start with %%! and the rest of the line will interpreted as arguments to the emulator.
If you know the location of the escript executable, the first line can directly give the path to escript. For instance:
As any other kind of scripts, Erlang scripts will not work on Unix platforms if the execution bit for the script file is not set. (Use chmod +x script-name to turn on the execution bit.)
The rest of the Erlang script file may either contain Erlang source code, an inlined beam file or an inlined archive file.
An Erlang script file must always contain the function main/1. When the script is run, the main/1 function will be called with a list of strings representing the arguments given to the script (not changed or interpreted in any way).
If the main/1 function in the script returns successfully, the exit status for the script will be 0. If an exception is generated during execution, a short message will be printed and the script terminated with exit status 127.
To return your own non-zero exit code, call halt(ExitCode); for instance:
Call escript:script_name/0 from your to script to retrieve the pathname of the script (the pathname is usually, but not always, absolute).
If the file contains source code (as in the example above), it will be processed by the preprocessor epp. This means that you for example may use pre-defined macros (such as?MODULE) as well as include directives like the -include_lib directive. For instance, use
to include the record definitions for the records used by the file:read_link_info/1 function.
The script will be checked for syntactic and semantic correctness before being run. If there are warnings (such as unused variables), they will be printed and the script will still be run. If there are errors, they will be printed and the script will not be run and its exit status will be 127.
Both the module declaration and the export declaration of the main/1 function are optional.
By default, the script will be interpreted. You can force it to be compiled by including the following line somewhere in the script file:
Execution of interpreted code is slower than compiled code. If much of the execution takes place in interpreted code it may be worthwhile to compile it, even though the compilation itself will take a little while.
As mentioned earlier, it is possible to have a script which contains precompiled beam code. In a precompiled script, the interpretation of the script header is exactly the same as in a script containing source code. That means that you can make a beam file executable by prepending the file with the lines starting with #! and %%! mentioned above. In a precompiled script, the function main/1 must be exported.
As yet another option it is possible to have an entire Erlang archive in the script. In a archive script, the interpretation of the script header is exactly the same as in a script containing source code. That means that you can make an archive file executable by prepending the file with the lines starting with #! and %%! mentioned above. In an archive script, the function main/1 must be exported. By default the main/1 function in the module with the same name as the basename of the escript file will be invoked. This behavior can be overridden by setting the flag -escript main Module as one of the emulator flags. The Module must be the name of a module which has an exported main/1 function. See code(3) for more information about archives and code loading.
In many cases it is very convenient to have a header in the escript, especially on Unix platforms. But the header is in fact optional. This means that you directly can "execute" an Erlang module, beam file or archive file without adding any header to them. But then you have to invoke the script like this:
$ escript factorial.erl 5 factorial 5 = 120 $ escript factorial.beam 5 factorial 5 = 120 $ escript factorial.zip 5 factorial 5 = 120
- Compile the escript regardless of the value of the mode attribute.
- Debug the escript. Starts the debugger, loads the module containing the main/1 function into the debugger, sets a breakpoint in main/1 and invokes main/1. If the module is precompiled, it must be explicitly compiled with the debug_info option.
- Interpret the escript regardless of the value of the mode attribute.
- Only perform a syntactic and semantic check of the script file. Warnings and errors (if any) are written to the standard output, but the script will not be run. The exit status will be 0 if there were no errors, and 127 otherwise.


text:
NASA Conducts Successful Pad Abort Demonstration
Johnson Space Center, Houston
November 6, 2003
A launch pad abort test vehicle, being designed in support of NASA's Orbital Space Plane (OSP) program, proved stable in wind tunnel tests completed this month. The successful tests set the stage for engine test firings and parachute drop tests later this year.
The Pad Abort Demonstration (PAD) Project is designed to demonstrate a crew rescue capability important to future space transportation systems. The PAD will be a full-scale, reusable system incorporating crew escape and survival systems, subsystems and components using proven technologies to help NASA achieve its goals of establishing safe, reliable and affordable access to space.
The PAD vehicle, being designed by Lockheed Martin, demonstrated the stability and maneuverability under simulated conditions approximating escape from a catastrophic launch vehicle failure. The tests were conducted in September and October at Lockheed Martin's High Speed Wind Tunnel in Grand Prairie, Texas.
Maintaining stability, without a complex attitude control system, will ensure a safe transition to recovery under a parachute cluster. The PAD flight profile consists of a powered phase lasting five seconds, reaching six to eight times the force of normal gravity and simulating separation from the launch system after a pad mishap. The powered phase is followed by an unpowered glide from Mach 0.9 (660 mph) down to Mach 0.3 (220 mph), when the parachute system deploys.
"These wind tunnel tests are an important success on the way to developing a safe and effective crew escape system," said Chuck Shaw, PAD Project Manager at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston. "The tests follow September's completion of the PAD Preliminary Design Review, pave the way for initial testing of the vehicle's engine in November and a first set of parachute drop tests in December," he said.
NASA awarded a contract to Lockheed Martin in November 2002 to design and build a crew escape and survivability system demonstrator and to establish a flexible test bed for use in support of the OSP. The PAD Project is a pathfinder for integrating a crew escape capability into spacecraft design, something that has not been done since the Apollo program.
For the initial flight test in mid-2005, the PAD will consist of a representative crew escape module mounted on the pusher propulsion module. A flared structure attached to the propulsion module provides the necessary aerodynamic stability. Flight tests will use instrumented mannequins to measure the environments a human crew would experience.
The PAD project is managed at JSC. The OSP Program is managed from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala.
The OSP program will support U.S. International Space Station requirements for crew rescue, crew transport, and contingency cargo. The vehicle will initially launch on an expendable launch vehicle, to provide rescue capability for no fewer than four Station crewmembers, as early as 2008. Crew transfer to and from the Space Station is planned as soon as practical but no later than 2012.
For more information about the program on the Internet, visit:
_URL_ For information about NASA on the Internet, visit:
- end -
text-only version of this release
NASA press releases and other information are available automatically by sending a blank e-mail message to _EMAIL_. To unsubscribe from this mailing list, send a blank e-mail message to _EMAIL_.
Back to NASA Newsroom | Back to NASA Homepage


text:
Commercial Pre-Closing Loan Processor
Duties and responsibilities:
- Prepare and distribute closing documents for commercial loans via LaserPro
- Work with attorney's offices and title companies to prepare, correct, and approve final closing documents.
- Ability to read and comprehend business entity Bylaws, Articles, Operating Agreements, etc.
- Learn all Loan Policy procedures and have the ability to apply that knowledge to all loan requests
- Learn, understand and retain both internal and external regulatory guidelines to ensure that documents are prepared accurately with strong attention to detail
- Help guide/teach lenders and assistants when finding errors
- A full understanding CRA and HMDA reporting guidelines
- Strong attention to detail and problem solving skills
- Must be a self-starter
- Ability to multi-task and prioritize
- Excellent Computer Skills
- Previous Loan Experience is preferred, but not required
Job Type: Full-time


Named vs. Numeric Requirement IDs
With every new project there will be a discussion whether requirement IDs should have a unique name or simply a numbering scheme.
If you look at OFT's specification document, you will see that we chose named IDs. The reason in our case is quite simple: we use the ID as reference in OFT's native specification format (aka. "requirement-enhanced Markdown") and it is a lot simpler to understand the connections between the specification items in different artifact types if you can tell by the name what the requirement ID is about. It also helps debugging.
That being said there are major drawbacks with this approach:
 1. You have to think of and type an ID for every requirements
 2. In large collections of requirements you might need hierarchical ID parts to make the IDs unique (like req~import.full-coverage-tag-format~1)
 3. Sometimes you pick bad names and are forced to decide whether to bulk-change all documents or live with the name
 4. Some tools (like Doors for example) enforce numeric IDs.
Bottom line: deciding between named and numeric IDs a task that you should think long and hard about before you start your project.
Good news is OFT supports both flavors.
Leave a comment
Your email address will not be published.


text:
Consider the Source: Why Was Maitreya Too Fat to Sit in Full Lotus?
In the great Buddhist grottos at Dunhuang, the unequalled repository of Buddhist statues and art in China's far west, certain Buddha figures do not sit in full lotus as one might expect. Nor do they stand erect, another common posture. Instead, they sit with their legs crossed at their ankles, a puzzling, rather uncomfortable looking position. The Chinese scholar Gu Zhengmei argues that this posture is a sure sign that these statues represent Maitreya Buddha, the "Buddha to Come" who is said to appear in the world when all have forgotten the dharma. He claims that it is consistent with discoveries of Maitreya images not just at Dunhuang, but also in Greek-influenced Gandhara, where the first icons of the Buddha were found.


Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
See also: että, Etta, and -etta
From the digit ett (one)
etta c
 1. one; the digit or figure "1".
 2. first-grader; person who attends the first year of school
 3. a class of first-graders
 De barnen går i ettan.
 Those children are in first grade.
 5. (uncountable, mainly used in the definite) first gear
 6. a apartment with one room (and possibly a kitchen)
 7. winner of a competition; the person or team who ended up in the first position
 8. one; neutral element in multiplication
See also[edit]


text:
Main Article Content
Notopterus chitala is a member of the primitive teleost lineage and considered as commercially important food fish. To study the concentration of sodium and potassium and the influence of fish size and condition factor on the bioaccumulation of these macro-elements, a total of 16 fish specimens of N. chitala were collected from the River Indus. Mean (±SD) body weight, total length and condition factor was found 250.32±113.93 g, 32.93 ± 4.85 cm and 0.647± 0.094. Fish samples were oven dried, grinded, ashed and digested into 1M HNO3 to make sample solution. Flame atomic absorption measurements were analyzed to detect the concentration of sodium and potassium with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean concentration of sodium was found 255.51± 32.45 µgg-1 with range values 206.28-298.70 µgg-1, while potassium was observed 1327.15 ± 234.71 µgg-1 with range 815.08-1694.87 µgg-1 in wet body weight of wild captured N. chitala. Body weight, total length and condition factor represented insignificant correlations with the concentrations of sodium and potassium in N. chitala, indicating no dependence of fish size on the bioaccumulation of these essential minerals in the body of this fish species.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


text:
Mass of fire, Speed of sight
Q: In my science class we have learned about mass, and I'm just wondering, does fire have any mass? It has stumped all the teachers I asked (even my science teacher), and I would really like to know. (Jimmy, Sioux City, Iowa)
A: Fire is a series of actions and changes that produces a result ó a process. In fact, it is an oxidation process (called combustion or burning) that gives out heat and light energy as well as glowing gas and a small amount of plasma.
The flame color depends on the temperature of the hot burning gasses and the material that burns. Courtesy of the US Forest Service and Wikipedia
So, talking about fire's mass is like talking about the mass of digestion, or boiling, or getting a driver's license ó although it certainly makes us think about what fire is. But a process doesn't have mass.
Flames are another matter. They are burning gases and gasses certainly do have mass.
Flame colors as chemical indicators by Rod Nave, HyperPhysics
Q: I heard at 100 mph what seems to be in front of you is actually behind you because of how fast your eyes receives images. Is this true, and if so how? What speed can your eyes keep up with? (Joe, Virginia Beach, Virginia)
A: Our eyes see faster than you think they do. The entire process ó from light entering the eye to the brain perceiving the image ó takes a mere 50 milliseconds (one sixth of an eye blink). See WonderQuest's speed of human sight.
A pilot weaves among pylons in the Red Bull Air Race at Kemble Airfield, England. Courtesy of Red Bull Air Race and Wikipedia.
Fifty milliseconds isn't much time, but it is time. So no matter how slowly you go, you will travel some distance during that time. At 100 mph (160 km/h), you'll cover 7 feet (2 m). At any speed, your side peripheral vision will pick up objects that are actually behind you. How much difference does that make? Not much. In fact, not much even going 300 mph (480 km/h).
"We reach speeds up to 300 mph (when entering the track)," says Kirby Chambliss, aerobatic champion and winner of the 2006 Red Bull Air Race. "The only time I have trouble seeing the pylons is when I am pulling 11 to 12 G due to tunnel vision. If you are on a straight part of the track it is no problem to see the pylons even at 300 mph." Video of the race.
"...if we focus or try to see the pylons as we go through them [at speeds of about 200 mph (320 km/h)], they would actually be behind us by the time our brain could return a control input," says Mike Mangold, 2005 RBAR world champion. "As I approach a gate, I position my aircraft to fly through what I perceive to be the center of the gate. I do not see the pylons as I go in between them because I am already looking ahead to the next computation. If I look too far ahead, then my ability to accurately position my airplane degrades." Mike looks about one second ahead, which is approximately 300 feet (90 m).
Kirby and Mike travel up to 35 feet (10 m) during 50 milliseconds, and can judge distances ahead well enough that a 35-foot discrepancy doesn't matter. What speed your eyes can keep up with depends on how accurately you need to know your position.
Red Bull Edge, Kirby Chambliss, 5X US Acrobat champion
To see, brain assembles sketch images eyes feed it, University of California, Berkeley, UniSci
Colors are composed by brain not eyes, Cornell University:
(Answered April 18, 2006)


text:
Together with our partners, TechnoServe is helping to grow strong markets that create opportunities for enterprising people in the developing world.
- Where We Work
- Burkina Faso
- Côte d'Ivoire
- El Salvador
- Latin America and the Caribbean
- South Africa
- South Sudan
TechnoServe serves as the manager of the Technical Assistance Facility (TAF), which supports the African Agriculture Fund, a private equity fund, to address food security challenges across Africa. TAF provides technical assistance to small and growing businesses (SGBs) invested in by the African Agriculture Fund, and improves linkages between enterprises and smallholder outgrowers.
Staple crops like maize, soy and bean can provide much more than just subsistence for smallholders, they can also increase income, create jobs and improve food security. The Storage and Proper Post-Harvest Improvements for Resource Efficiency (SAPPHIRE) program, funded by the DFID, worked to capitalize on the potential of maize and increase incomes for farmers through increasing productivity and improved aggregation.


text:
Code 93 Barcode
The Code 93 barcode is an updated, more secure and compact version of the Code 39 barcode, which is able to read both letters and numbers. It is used in the military and automotive fields, as well as by Canada Post to encode special delivery information.
Specifications: Like Code 39, the Code 93 barcode has start and end symbols that cannot be expressed in regular ASCII characters, but are instead generally designated as *. After the start symbol is the encoded data. Like with Code 39, each letter is represented by a certain numerical value. After the data comes a two character check number, which is calculated to ensure accuracy when entering in the code by hand. The two characters are called "Modulo-47 Check Character C" and "Modulo-47 Check Character K." A certain combining of the numbers in the code yields a remainder, and the corresponding letter or number becomes Check Character C or K. After the check number is the stop character, followed by a termination bar, to indicate the end of the barcode.
Advantages: A code 93 barcode is smaller and more efficient than Code 39 and has greater data redundancy, to provide higher security. It also includes 5 special characters that Code 39 does not have.
Disadvantages: Unlike Code 39, Code 93 is not self-checking and, as such, requires a check digit.
Code 39 - The older version of Code 93. It was the first barcode ever to use both letters and numbers.


LabVIEW
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How to connect 2 computer in LabVIEW?
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Hi,

I currently trying to send an input that I put from computer A to be output in computer B. I read that I need a shared variable for it, and I already set the shared variable. My main problem now is how to establish a connection/communication to the other computer? I tried reading in the forum but got confuse on how to use it. Anyone had a simple method on how I could do it?

Thanks

Ridhwan Ali
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Message 1 of 18
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Hi tebu,
 1) If your computer A as well as computer B are connected to a lan,then you can use the VI server concepts,such that computer B will be acting as a VI server and computer A will get the data required from computerB.
2)If you are concerned about normal data transfer,you can use tcp/ip vis to send the data from computer A to computer B.
3)If they are not in network,take a cross cable and establish a local lan using computer A and computer B with either of these acting as a server and again using tcp/ip vis to send the data.

Thanks and regards,
srikrishnaNF

Regards,
Srikrishna
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Message 2 of 18
(7,957 Views)
Hi tebu,
 1) If your computer A as well as computer B are connected to a lan,then you can use the VI server concepts,such that computer B will be acting as a VI server and computer A will get the data required from computerB.
2)If you are concerned about normal data transfer,you can use tcp/ip vis to send the data from computer A to computer B.
3)If they are not in network,take a cross cable and establish a local lan using computer A and computer B with either of these acting as a server and again using tcp/ip vis to send the data.

Thanks and regards,
srikrishnaNF

Regards,
Srikrishna
0 Kudos
Message 3 of 18
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yeap, going to connect them in LAN network. was thinking of using shared variables and NI-PSP.. any tips on how to use it?
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Message 4 of 18
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hi tebu,
 go through this link....
 _URL_

thanks and regards,
srikrishnaNF
Regards,
Srikrishna
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Message 5 of 18
(7,942 Views)
had a look at it but it does not show the tutorial on how i could arrange the function correctly to able the connection. do you have any simple example for it?

i just need to figure out the simple step to input 1 variable (eg. value 10) in computer A and get it sent and appear in computer B.
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Solution
Accepted by topic author tebu
Hi tebu,
 Have you seen data server.vi and data client.vi examples..

Thanks and regards,
srikrishnaNF
Regards,
Srikrishna
Message 7 of 18
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had a look at it but it does not show the tutorial on how i could arrange the function correctly to able the connection. do you have any simple example for it?

i just need to figure out the simple step to input 1 variable (eg. value 10) in computer A and get it sent and appear in computer B.
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Message 8 of 18
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Cool! I had a look at the examples and test it. It works.

Here are the steps that I took: (*I had both of my computer connected through a router which I used to connect both of them to the internet, i just plug Ethernet wires from both computer to the router, that's all, no configuration needed)

1) Open Data Server.vi in my 1st computer
2) Open Client Server.vi in my 2nd computer
3) Search for my 1st computer IP address by going to the

Start (at 1st computer) >Run>enter "cmd">type "ipconfig"

4) Search for my 2nd computer IP address by going to the

Start (at 2nd computer)>Run>enter "cmd">type "ipconfig"

5) Ping the 2nd computer from the 1st computer to check if the connection is ok.

Start (at 1st computer) >Run>enter "cmd">type "ping [2nd computer IP Address]"

7) Set the port number in Data Server.vi to any desired number (in my case I just choose 6350)
6) Run Data Server.vi
4) Set the port number in Client Server.vi to match the one in Data Server.vi (in my case 6350)
7) Run Client Server.vi
😎 The waveform should appear in the graph in Client Server.vi
9) SUCCESS!

*now I can change/modify the desired transmitted input to any input I wanted!

Thanks
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Message 10 of 18
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Using Self-Motion in Redundant Manipulators to Cope with Painlevé Paradox
Hesham A. Elkaranshawy
Keywords
automation and manufacturing, motion planning, Painlevé paradox, redundant manipulator, friction
Abstract
For general multibody systems, Painlevé paradox could take place at realistic values of the coefficient of friction. Hence, it is the reason of a wide range of bouncing motion, observed during sliding of robotic manipulators on rough surfaces. Most of the published works focus upon the variation of parameters that leads to the paradox or solving the paradox. Contrary to that, in this research work, the focus is on reducing the effect of Painlevé paradox on robotic manipulators during their functional operation. First, a precise new mathematical form for the condition leading to Painlevé paradox is specified for a general multibody system. Using that condition, a paradoxical region is identified for redundant manipulators. Consequently, the self-motion, inherited in redundant manipulators, is used to escape the paradox zone in several cases. In a number of other cases, it is used in extending the span of the motion of the contact point before interring to the paradox zone.
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text: This paper concerns covariance matrix based spectrum sensing over frequency selective channels. The impact of frequency selective channels on the covariance matrix of received signals is analyzed in frequency domain and it is shown that the phases of channel spectra degrade the performance of covariance matrix based detectors. To overcome this problem, we propose a new detector which employs only the magnitude spectra of received signals and thereby achieves considerable performance gain. Theoretical performance, in terms of the false-alarm and detection probabilities of the proposed detector, is analyzed. Simulation results verify our theoretical analyses and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed detector.


text:
.3) OOB logic fill image like a base64 format and update msdyn_imageblobid;
iii) Portal check our privileges. If we have Parent Privileges (from RTE Attachments to Parent Application – then we can read / create / update images etc.).
And herein lies the main nuance, which is that nothing but the synchronous plugin on Pre-Create will help us.
As we know, Power Automate cannot work in pre-sync mode, so the plugin is the only solution. The code is elementary. It should look something like this:
Entity entity = (Entity)localContext.Context.InputParameters[Target];
if (entity != null && entity.LogicalName.Equals(EntityNames.RTEAttachment))
if (entity[RTEAttachment.ParentEntityName].ToString() == EntityNames.Application)
entity[RTEAttachment.ApplicationParent] = new EntityReference(entity[RTEAttachment.ParentEntityName].ToString(),
After that, all we have to do is configure Table Permission and set the Parent type instead of Global:
After that, your attachments will work perfectly, quickly and, importantly, securely in terms of access restrictions. These attachments will now only be accessed by users who have privileges and have created a parent record:
Best practices for using the rich text editor
Consider the following when using the rich text editor:
- The best performance is achieved when the HTML content size is 1 MB or less. When your HTML content size exceeds 1 MB, you may notice slower response times for loading and editing content. By default, image content is referenced from the content HTML but isn't stored as part of the HTML content, so in the default configuration, images don't negatively impact performance.
- Rich text fields will store HTML tags, which are required for formatting along with user entered data. When setting the maximum size for your field, make sure to assign a large enough size for both the HTML tags and user-entered data.
- By default, the rich text editor will upload images to the Azure Blob storage store and they won't be stored as part of the field. Images will be stored in the same field as base64 when the submitter doesn't have permissions to the msdyn_richtextfiles entity. Base64 content is large, so you generally don't want to store images as base64.
All in all, I want to say that RTE is a great and powerful control that has its nuances, but it is definitely worth using.
Just keep my advice in mind 😉


Int J Med Sci 2011; 8(8):704-708. doi:10.7150/ijms.8.704 This issue Cite
Research Paper
The Effect of Irrigation Temperature on Bone Healing
Sabri Cemil Isler, Erol Cansiz Corresponding address, Cem Tanyel, Merva Soluk, Firat Selvi, Zerrin Cebi
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Citation:
Isler SC, Cansiz E, Tanyel C, Soluk M, Selvi F, Cebi Z. The Effect of Irrigation Temperature on Bone Healing. Int J Med Sci 2011; 8(8):704-708. doi:10.7150/ijms.8.704. _URL_
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Abstract
Objective: Osteotomies, performed by rotational instruments, can cause temperature rise on the bone and elevated temperature can disrupt the bone healing. When the osteotomies are performed for the insertion of miniscrews, the bone healing disruption may cause stability loosening or failures. Saline irrigation is mostly used for the prevention of the heat generation during osteotomy.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the saline irrigation temperature on bone healing.
Material and Method: Standardized drilling and miniscrew placement was performed in the tibias of 18 Sprague Dawley rats with rotating bur uncooled, cooled with 25°C and 4°C saline irrigations. After the 21 days, the difference in healing was observed between the uncooled and cooled groups.
Results: Although there was no statistically significant difference between the group irrigated with 25°C and 4°C saline for newly bone formation, osteoblasts were seen more active and bone marrow was more dynamic in group 4°C than group 25°C. There is no disadvantage to use 25°C, but it may be better to use 4°C for rapid healing.
Keywords: bone healing, saline irrigation temperature
Introduction
Dental implantation and fixation of screws for any reason are performed by drilling the bone and the success of these operations depend on many factors. Through these factors, thermal injuries occurring due to temperature raise during drilling, may be the most influent one (1,2). The threshold level for thermal injuries on the bone is the 47°C for a minute and the temperature can raise that level easily during drilling by rotational burs (1,3). As a consequence of thermal injury, bone is not only resorbed but also replaced with fat cells (4). As a result, the mechanical structure of the bone is weaken (5). To prevent the bone from the temperature raise during drilling, various irrigation systems are used and mostly, sterile saline solutions are the material of choice (6,7). Although, to our knowledge, there is not a scientific data in the literature, there is a belief among the surgeons that cooled saline irrigation is more effective than the uncooled saline irrigation to protect the bone from the thermal injuries.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the irrigation temperature on the bone healing. For this aim, standardized drilling and miniscrew placement was performed in the tibias of 18 Sprague Dawley rats with rotating bur uncooled, cooled with 25°C and 4°C saline irrigation. The bone healing was evaluated between the uncooled and cooled groups.
Material and Method
Experiments were designed to determine the effect of irrigation temperature on the bone after osteotomy and miniscrew placement. For this aim 3 months old weighing approximately 350 to 450 g 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained at 22 ±0.5 °C on a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle with free access to water and standartized food in pathogen free separate cages. All of the experiments were performed at the Istanbul University, Institutes of Experimental Science Laboratories (Istanbul, Turkey). Maintenance and all experimental procedures performed were fully in accordance with principles established by the existing governmental acts and approved by the University Institutional Animal Welfare Committee.
Animals were divided randomly in to 3 groups of 6 animals and 3 experiments were performed. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine HCl (100 mg/kg i.p., Ketalar ®, Parke Davis) by the injection through the peritonium of the rats and maintained with xylozin HCl (23.32 mg/ml i.p., Rompun®, Bayer). After the induction of anesthesia, operation sites were shaved and the rats were placed and stabilized on the operation table. All of the animals were operated by the same surgeon. Skin incision was performed parallel to the long axis of the right femurs and the bone was exposed by the dissection of hamstring and quadriceps femoris muscles.
Three experimental procedures were performed. Three drilling and miniscrew placement were performed on each animal. Totally 54 drilling and miniscrew placement was done. The drill speed was set to be 20,000 rpm, which is similar to that used during osteotomies by rotational systems and saline irrigation speed was standartized by using saline-dispencer. All of the holes were drilled with standard burs manufactured for 2mm miniscrews and standart 2mm wide 5mm length titanium miniscrews (Bone Screw Kit, Biohorisons®, USA) were inserted.
In the group one, holes were drilled without irrigation (Figure 1). In the group two, holes were drilled with 25°C (±2°C) saline irrigation and in the group three, holes were drilled with 4°C (±2°C) saline irrigation (Figure 2).
After the drilling and the miniscrew placement (Figure 3), muscle and fascia layers were closed with simple resorbable 4.0 sutures (Vicryl 4-0, Ethicon) and finally the skin incisions were closed with continious 3.0 sutures (Silk 3.0, Dogsan). Postoperative antibiotics (gentamicin, 0.5 mg/kg) and analgesics (xylocaine 0,5 mg/kg) were given subcutaneously. The positions of the miniscrews were controlled by cone beam CT scanning. During post-operative period, all of the animals were controlled day by day and none of them were lost.
 Figure 1
Drilling without irrigation
Int J Med Sci Image
 Figure 2
Drilling with 25°C and +4°C saline solution
Int J Med Sci Image
 Figure 3
Placement of miniscrews
Int J Med Sci Image
At the end of three weeks, animals were killed and right femurs of them were harvested. Then, the specimens were sent to the pathology laboratory (Istanbul University, Institute of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, TURKEY) for the histopathological evaluation. The cutting line was started parallel to the transverse axis of femurs at about 4 mm apart from femoral heads, where the first hole preparation was made. The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin for one week and decalcified in 10% formic acid solution (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 25 days. The decalcified specimens were embedded in paraffin and cut into 3 µm thick sections on charged slides using a microtome (Leica Microsystemic RM 2125, Germany), and routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed. The sections were examined with a light microscope (Olympus BX60 microscope) attached to a digital camera (Olympus E-330) which connected to a computer. A histomorphological review was performed by a single blinded oral pathologist to evaluate the presence of infection, necrosis, fibrosis and new bone formation. All screw hole surroundings were evaluated by histopathologically with light microscope under 20, 40, 100 and 200x magnifications.
The score was made up of 0-5% as (-), 5-30% as (+), 30-60% as (++) and 60% and over as (+++) to evaluation of new bone formation and fibrosis according to their surface covering at 40x magnification. The scores for infection and necrosis were determined by occurring in a standardized area at 20x magnification. The infection was determined if inflammatory cells were observed in the healing area the (+) score and if there were no inflammatory cells the (-) score were given. For necrosis the (-) score was given, if there was no necrosis whereas the (+) score was given if there was.
The statistical differences between the control and test groups were compared by ki-square and Fisher tests.
Results
In this research, all of the statistical evaluations were performed by using the NCSS software (NCSS Inc., 2007, USA). Ki-square and Fisher tests were performed for the evaluation of the definitive statistical methods and also qualitative datas. Probabilities of less than 0.05 were considered significant (p<0,05).
The distribution difference of the new bone formation between 4°C, 25°C and control groups were observed as statistically significant (p=0,031)(Table1). The new bone formation of the control group was evaluated significantly lower than the 4°C and 25°C groups (p=0,020, p=0,049) , however


text:
ique was held up by World War II and only published in 1949.
Vallée Poussin was elected to the Belgium Academy in 1909. More honours were to follow including election to the Madrid Academy of Sciences, the Naples Society of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Institute of France, the Accademia dei Lincei, the Paris Academy of Science, and the American National Academy of Sciences. There were celebrations in 1928 when Vallée Poussin had held the chair at the University of Louvain for 35 years and again celebrations in 1943 when he had been 50 years in the chair of mathematics at Louvain.
In 1928, when he had held the chair at Louvain for 35 years, the King of Belgium conferred the title Baron on Vallée Poussin at the celebrations for this event. In 1961 he fractured his shoulder and since Vallée Poussin was in his mid 90s it failed to heal. His death followed a few months later.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson


text:
BACKGROUND: Cabbage may become contaminated with enteric pathogens during cultivation. Using multiple cabbage cultivars at two maturity stages (small plants or plants with small heads) in growth chamber studies, the fate (internalization or surface survival) of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (0157) were examined in conjunction with any potential relationships to the plant's antimicrobial content.
RESULTS: Internalized Salmonella was detected in cabbage within 24 hours with prevalence ranging from 62% (16 of 26) for the 'Super Red 80' cultivar to 92% (24 of 26) for the 'Red Dynasty' cultivar. The fate of Salmonella and O157 on small cabbage plants over nine days was significantly affected by cultivar with both these pathogens surviving the least and most on the 'Capture' and 'Farao' cultivars, respectively (P < 0.05). Survival of O157 was slightly higher on cabbage heads for O157 than small plants suggesting that the maturity stage may affect this pathogen's fate. An inverse relationship existed between antimicrobial levels and a pathogen's fate on cabbage heads (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The fate of pathogens varied with the cabbage cultivar in growth chamber studies highlighting the potential to explore cultivar in field studies to reduce the risk of microbiological contamination in this crop.
Marilyn C. Erickson, Jye-Yin Liao, Alison S. Payton, Peter W. Cook, Ynes R. Ortega. 2019. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.


text:
- Environment & Conservation
- Construction & Development
- Businesses & Key Accounts
- Help & FAQs
- About Us
The SPU Wildland Fire Crew provides initial attack on fires within the Cedar and Tolt watersheds. The goal is to contain all fires to less than 10 acres in size.
SPU fire crews provide support to the Department of Natural Resources (DNR), who ultimately is responsible for wildland fire suppression throughout the state and can bring additional firefighting resources if needed.
SPU's Wildland Fire Crew falls under the Watershed Services Division (WSD) and is led by the Watershed Protection Section of SPU during the fire season. The crew is trained and certified following National Wildfire Coordinating Group standards. Qualified Incident Commanders, Crew Bosses and Squad Bosses lead a group of Firefighter 2's for both wildland engine and hand crew operations.
Since the early 1900's fire protection has been an important part of keeping Seattle's drinking water supply safe.
Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) owns and operates two protected Municipal Watersheds that supply drinking water to over 1.4 million people in the greater Seattle area. The two watersheds encompass more than 100-thousand acres of pristine forest from the Puget Sound foothills to the crest of the Cascade Mountains.
SPU protects these watersheds from forest fires because the aftermath can lead to the degradation of surface water supplies through increased turbidity, impacts on aquatic species, reservoir storage reduction, City asset losses (timber resource reduction) and compromised public and private safety.
SPU Wildland Fire Crew Leader
19901 Cedar Falls Road SE
North Bend, WA 98045


text:
Wellsun Medicity Super Speciality Hospital
Pediatrician for Wellsun Medicity Super Speciality Hospital – Lucknow
- Diagnosing and treating illnesses, medical conditions, and injuries.
- Ordering, performing, and interpreting diagnostic tests.
- Collecting, recording, and maintaining patients' information and histories.
- Prescribing and administering treatments, therapies, medications, vaccinations, and other specialized medical care.
- Explaining procedures and discussing test results or prescribed treatments with patients and family members.
- Monitoring patients' conditions and progress.
- Directing, coordinating, consulting with, and referring patients to nurses, students, assistants, specialists, therapists, and other medical staff.
To apply for this job email your details to _EMAIL_


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I have a p4300 SAN storage in my network, I create a volume and assign that to TWO servers, i cant sync data between two volume and any change in one of them dont appear to another, how i can do that?
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I imagine you're not using a cluster-aware file system, you're probably using something like FAT, NTFS, ext2/3/4, XFS etc. You'll need to use a cluster file system such as OCFS2, Microsoft Cluster-Services enhanced NTFS, Veritas Storage Foundation, VMFS or others. This is a very basic but all too commonly misunderstood problem for junior storage techs to run into.
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You can't do this with a normal file system, as Chopper3 has pointed out. Trying to do this will quickly lead to data corruption. What you should do is either use a cluster-aware file system, or use a replication technology to synchronize two separate volumes, each presented to a single server.
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Premium Market Analysis
Market Statistics
Low Volatility Drag Is As Bad Or Even Worse Than High Volatility Drag
Everyone has heard of volatility drag and how it negatively impacts compound returns. However, very low volatility can also have a detrimental effect on growth. Below are some examples.
Everyone understands that if there is a loss of 50%, then a gain of 100% must be realized to break even. High volatility imposes a drag on equity growth. The volatility drag is the difference between arithmetic and compound return but this is only an approximation that is useful for all practical purposes. As the volatility drag increases, compound returns decrease and may even get negative.
However, there is rarely a reference to the low volatility drag on returns possibly because risk of ruin is lower. As I will demonstrate below with examples, low volatility drag can be more detrimental than high volatility drag.
For this study, we set all daily arithmetic returns higher than +2% and lower than -2% to +2% and -2% relatively, and all negative daily arithmetic return larger than -0.5% to -0.5% and all positive arithmetic returns smaller than +0.5% to +0.5%. Therefore, If Ri represents the daily arithmetic return, the transformations are as follows:
 - If Ri > +2% then Ri = +2%
 - If Ri < -2% then Ri = -2%
 - If Ri > 0 and Ri < +0.5% then Ri = +0.5%
 - If Ri < 0 and Ri > -0.5%, then Ri = -0.5%
Case 1. SPY since inception to 12/20/2017
The first pane shows the evolution of prices after setting low volatility returns to ±0.5% and the second pane the evolution of prices after setting high volatility returns to ±2%. The results confirm the impact of high volatility drag. Without high volatility prices would have been at 350.10 versus the current 267.58. But without low volatility price would have been still higher at 282.22 but not as high as 350.10. Therefore, both low and high volatility impact prices negatively but in this case high volatility has a more negative effect.
Case 2. S&P 500 index from 01/02/1961 to 12/20/2017
This is now getting interesting: removing low volatility has a more positive effect than removing high volatility. Specifically, by setting all low volatility daily returns to ±0.5%, price growth is much higher along with CAGR as compared to capping high volatility daily returns to ±2%. The index would have been at 4,673 if with some magical way all low daily changes were set to ±0.5% versus a 3.729 if the magic was used to cap large daily returns at ±2%.
Note that in both cases price is higher but we are interested in relative performance. In the case of the S&P 500 it appears the low volatility drag has been more pronounced than high volatility drag.
The relative difference of the impact of low and high volatility drag depends on the distribution of returns. However, in most academic papers and in articles the impression left is that (high) volatility drag has a more pronounced effect. As I show here, this is not always the case. This can also be seen from the NASDAQ chart:
Price and CAGR after removing low volatility are higher than when capping high volatility. However, this does not hold for NASDAQ-100:
In this case high volatility drag is much more pronounced than low volatility drag and removing high volatility results in a much higher price and CAGR but also at a much lower maximum drawdown as may be seen from the chart above.
The conclusion is that low volatility can be a worse drag then high volatility in some cases. The relative difference depends on the distribution of returns but also on their sequence of occurrence in the time domain. But in general, assuming that volatility drag is related only to high volatility may not be a correct assumption. Markets are more complicated than the simple formulas finance and economics use. Drawing conclusions about highly non-linear stochastic processes from simplified models has helped many people in getting advanced degrees, securing tenure or publishing papers and books but reality is much more complicated than that as practitioners and others with skin-in-the-game know.
Charting and backtesting program: Amibroker
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Workshop on water and conflict during conference on Planetary Security
Published: 30 November 2016
The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) and Deltares are teaming up to organise one of the in total twelve workshops during the conference that is organized by the Dutch Institute Clingendael. This workshop will look specifically at the role of climate and water in conflicts, now and in the future. The workshop will focus on the possible risks and threats generated by population growth, spatial developments and climate change for the stability of societies and international security. How could these developments result in a threat to local and global peace and security, and what options are available to do something about it?
The construction of dams for energy, increasing demand for water, the desiccation of agricultural land in some regions and related food shortages: numerous water-related problems can cause tensions. Not only between different groups in a country but also when cross-border issues are involved. In addition, the future will bring changes in water supplies and extreme weather patterns and this may create new challenges and tensions.
PBL Director Hans Mommaas, Dr. Nina von Uexküll (Uppsala University, Sweden) and Professor Palmer Tiwari (Kumaon University, India) will make up the expert panel.The workshop will be organised not only for scientists but also emphatically for people involved in political and geopolitical security issues such as think-tanks, NGOs, embassies, army units and international political alliances such as NATO and the EU.
The aim of the workshop is to bring together the perspectives and knowledge of as many experts with different backgrounds as possible so that the step can be made from science to policy recommendations. PBL and Deltares will publish a policy letter in the spring of 2017 about the relationship between climate, water and conflict. The letter will also include the expert knowledge shared during the workshop.


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Compare two files.
The cmp utility compares two files of any type and writes the results to the standard output. By default, cmp is silent if the files are the same; if they differ, the byte and line number at which the first difference occurred is reported.
Syntax cmp [option..] file1 [file2 [skip1 [skip2]]] Options -b --print-bytes Print differing bytes. -i SKIP --ignore-initial=SKIP Skip the first SKIP bytes of input. -i SKIP1:SKIP2 --ignore-initial=SKIP1:SKIP2 Skip the first SKIP1 bytes of FILE1 and the first SKIP2 bytes of FILE2. -l --verbose Output byte numbers and values of all differing bytes. -n LIMIT --bytes=LIMIT Compare at most LIMIT bytes. -s --quiet --silent Output nothing; yield exit status only. -v --version Output version info. --help Output help.
skip1 and skip2 are the number of bytes to skip in each file. SKIP values may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1,000,000, M 1,048,576, GB 1,000,000,000, G 1,073,741,824, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
The offset is decimal by default, but may be expressed as a hex or octal value by preceding it with a leading '0x' or '0'.
info diff will return full examples for both diff and cmp
If a File is - or missing, read from standard input.
cmp exits with one of the following values:
0 The files are identical.
1 The files are different; this includes the case where one file is identical to the first part of the other. In the latter case, if the -s option has not been specified, cmp writes to standard output that EOF was reached in the shorter file (before any differences were found).
>1 An error occurred.
"First rate people hire other first rate people. Second rate people hire third rate people. Third rate people hire fifth rate people" - André Weil
diff - Display the differences between two files
cmp man page - Apple.com
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