text:
The Sankey chart type contains both columns and a special type of line chart.
Sankey diagrams illustrate a flow through, a process, or a system. Transactional data is optimal for this type of diagram. For example, financial transactions that take place as money moves through accounts or as a product is processed. Many marketing users are familiar with Sankey charts as they analyze sales conversions.
When you build a Sankey chart, you must provide at least 2 (two) attributes and one measure. Your x-axis attributes can contain at most 13 values; any more and you cannot view a SanKey chart. ThoughtSpot Sankey charts are read from left to right. The width of the flow represents the measure, the attributes or "steps" appear as solid bars:
The Austin Animal Center Outcomes data shows the outcome of processing for different animal breeds. The measure is the count of total animals. The chart shows how the animal's classification when they entered the system predicts the outcome.
By clicking on each flow, you can see the total number of animals that have identical breed and outcome types. Many domestic short-haired cats (over 10k) were transferred to other agencies, and nearly as many were adopted. However, all bats that came into the system were euthanized; there is a surprisingly large number of bats processed.


Using the Remote Control as a Wireless Mouse
Note: This function does not work when you project from a device connected using an MHL cable.
 1. Connect the projector to a computer using the projector's USB-B, Computer, or HDMI port to display video.
 2. If you connected your computer to a port other than the projector's USB-B port, also connect a USB cable to the projector's USB-B port and to a USB port on your computer (for wireless mouse support).
 3. Start your presentation.
 4. Use the following buttons on the remote control to control your presentation:
 - To move through slides or pages, press the up or down Page buttons.
 - To move the cursor on the screen, use the arrow buttons.
 - To left-click, press the button once (press it twice to double-click).
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 - To drag-and-drop, hold the button as you move the cursor with the arrow buttons, then release at the destination.
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Use of groundwater from gravel beds could help cut energy and carbon emissions by half
The Tate Modern will next week begin work on a plan to use groundwater for heating and cooling its £215m Herzog & de Meuron-designed extension.
On Monday, consulting engineer Max Fordham Partnership will begin drilling 10m boreholes into the gravel which lies deep beneath the site, on the Thames' former flood plain. The project is thought to be the first of any scale to take water from Thames gravel beds.
Previous schemes in London, including the Royal Festival Hall refurbishment, which Max Fordham also designed, have made use of the water contained in a chalk aquifer, 100-120m below ground level. However, this option is now highly regulated by the Environment Agency because of concerns that aquifers which supply drinking water could be contaminated.
The use of the gravel water at Tate Modern is part of a strategy to cut 54% of energy and 44% of carbon dioxide emissions from the building, which is scheduled to open in 2012.
Mark Nutley, Max Fordham's project manager, said the system would use the differential between the air temperature and the 14-15ÞC underground water to heat and cool the space. This "open loop" system uses a heat pump to extract energy from the groundwater to heat the building in the winter and cool it in the summer. The water is then fed back into the gravel bed.
US engineer Parsons Brinckerhoff is providing technical expertise on the borehole procedure.
The project is thought to be the first of any scale to take water from Thames gravel
The extension will still draw 70% of its heat from the neighbouring EDF substation, which is being moved to accommodate it.
The scheme received planning consent on 1 April.
For more on the extension to Tate Modern, search _URL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


, Volume 56, Issue 3, pp 261-274
Applied model for the growth of the daytime mixed layer
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A slab model is proposed for developing the height of the mixed layer capped by stable air aloft. The model equations are closed by relating the consumption of energy (potential and kinetic) at the top of the mixed layer to the production of convective and mechanical turbulent kinetic energy within the mixed layer. By assuming that the temperature difference at the top of the mixed layer instantaneously adjusts to the actual meteorological conditions without regard to the initial temperature difference that prevailed, the model is reduced to a single differential equation which easily can be solved numerically. When the mixed layer is shallow or the atmosphere nearly neutrally stratified, the growth is controlled mainly by mechanical turbulence. When the layer is deep, its growth is controlled mainly by convective turbulence. The model is applied on a data set of the evolution of the height of the mixed layer in the morning hours, when both mechanical and convective turbulence contribute to the growth process. Realistic mixed-layer developments are obtained.


of the underlying algorithm will improve the iterative results. As such, we focus our attention on non-iterative variations of Relief.
In this paper, we formulate a new variation of Relief called Sigmoid Weighted ReliefF Star (SWRF*). We evaluate SWRF* on synthetic data and compare its performance to that of ReliefF and SURF*. We also present a framework called the Modular Relief Framework (MoRF) that can be used to develop novel variations of Relief. MoRF facilitates the formulation of new variations of Relief by allowing the specification of new functions for component terms. The SWRF* algorithm was developed using the MoRF framework. In contrast to previous variations of Relief, SWRF* utilizes a soft neighbor weighting kernel.
Results and discussion
Our work generated two main results. First, we present the MoRF framework, which can specify different variations of Relief by using component functions. Next, we use MoRF to formulate SWRF* and we evaluate SWRF* on synthetic genomic datasets.
Modular Relief Framework (MoRF)
We now describe a framework that abstracts the common features of the Relief algorithms. This framework has several component terms; a distinct specification of each of these terms leads to the formulation of a distinct variation of Relief. The output is a weight for each attribute, which is computed iteratively over samples. The change in the weight for attribute a based on sample s i is computed as:
Δ W i a = s j S c s i , s j diff a , s i , s j f dist ij s j S f dist ij
(1)
where ∆W i [a] is the change in the weight for attribute a based on sample s i . The final weight W[a] is simply the average of the individual updates, taken over a set of samples S. That is, W a = 1 n i = 1 n Δ W i a where n is the cardinality of S. The set S may constitute the entire dataset or a randomly selected subset of the dataset. We also have:
c s i , s j = { 1 if class s i = class s j 1 if class s i class s j
(2)
diff a , s i , s j = { 0 if s i a = s j a 1 if s i a s j a
(3)
dist ij = a diff a , s i , s j
(4)
Where class(s i ) is the class of sample s i and s i [a] is the value of attribute a in sample s i . In Equation 1, f(dist ij ) is a neighbor weighting function that assigns a weight to a sample s j based on its distance from the sample s i . The role of the sum in the denominator in is to normalize the weight update so that W[a] is in the range [−1, 1]. In the following sections, we describe each term in Equation 1 in greater detail.
Class comparator
The class comparator, denoted by c(s i ,s j ) and defined in Equation 2 is used to compare the class values of samples s i and s j . It expresses the fact that Relief uses attribute mismatches between a sample and a neighbor in arithmetically opposite ways depending on if the neighbor is of the same class (a hit) or of a different class (a miss).
Local difference function
The difference function, denoted by diff (a, s i , s j ), is used to determine the effect of a change along a single dimension (attribute). For nominal attributes such as SNPs, a simple match-mismatch diff function is used as defined in Equation 3. The difference between samples s i and s j along dimension a is 0 if s i [a] and s j [a] have the same values, and 1 if the values are different. However, other possibilities for the diff function can be considered. For example, samples s i and s j are defined to be equal if both samples have one or more copies of the minor allele for attribute a, which corresponds to the dominant genetic model at locus a. The diff function can be defined in a similar fashion to represent the recessive or the heterozygote genetic model.
Global distance function
In order to locate sample neighbors, Relief uses a distance measure, denoted by dist ij . The commonest distance measure for samples with nominal attributes such as SNP data is the Hamming distance, which is defined as the number of attributes at which two samples differ in value, and is shown in Equation 4. Equation 4 also shows that the Hamming distance is simply a sum of the diff function over all attributes. In general, dist ij need not be defined in terms of diff, and other possibilities for the global distance function can be considered for SNP data. For example, if SNP values are coded as 0, 1 or 2 (for 0, 1 or 2 copies of the minor allele), the taxicab distance is defined as follows:
dist ij = a s i a s j a
In general, the global distance measures described above are susceptible to noise[11]. This is especially true in high-dimensional data because differences in irrelevant attributes can spuriously increase the distance between two samples that have the same values for the relevant attributes. Conversely, apparently nearby samples may in fact be quite distant when only the relevant attributes are considered. One way to mitigate the effect of irrelevant attributes is to weight the contribution of each dimension differently such that the global distance measure is influenced more by the higher weighted dimensions than by lower weighted ones. These dimension weights may be obtained from prior knowledge about the attributes or changed dynamically by using Relief's own output. For example, Draper et al. developed Iterative Relief[12], in which Relief is applied repeatedly and during each iteration the dimension weights are set to the attribute weights obtained at the previous iteration.
Neighbor weighting function
The neighbor weighting function denoted by f(dist ij ) determines which neighbors count for how much in Relief's update rule. Neighbor weights are determined as a function of dist ij , and take values from −1 to 1. A neighbor weight of 1 or −1 means that the neighbor influences the weight update maximally; a neighbor weight of 0 means that the neighbor does not influence the weight update at all. Several previously described variations of Relief differ essentially in the neighbor weighting function. For ReliefF, the neighbor weighting function is defined on a sample-wise basis, yielding a function f i for each sample i:
f hit i ( dist ij ) = { 1 if dist ij t hit i 0 if dist ij > t hit i f miss i ( dist ij ) = { 1 if dist ij t miss i 0 if dist ij > t miss i
where t i hit is the distance of the k th nearest hit to s i , and t i miss is the distance of the k th nearest miss to s i (assuming no ties for the k th hit or the k th miss). For SURF*, the neighbor weighting function is a step function defined globally as a function of a single parameter:
f dist ij = { 1 if dist ij t 1 if dist ij > t
where t is a user defined distance threshold (e.g., mean pairwise sample distances). Figure1 shows graphically the neighbor weighting functions used in ReliefF and SURF*.
_URL_
Figure 1
*Neighbor weighting functions for ReliefF, SURF*, and SWRF*. The x-axis for each plot denotes the distance of sample sj from sample si and the y-axis denotes weight in the range [−1, 1]. Parameter t represents the function center and was set to the mean pairwise distance between samples. Parameter u is the function width and was set to the standard deviation of pairwise distances.
Sigmoid Weighted ReliefF Star (SWRF*)
We now describe a new variation of ReliefF called SWRF*. In the MoRF framework, SWRF* differs from ReliefF and SURF* in that it uses a sigmoid neighbor weighting function that is defined as:
f dist ij = 2 1 + e t dist ij u / 4 1
where t and u are parameters that define the center and width of the sigmoid function and dist ij is the Hamming distance. The value 4 scales the width u and was chosen as described in the next paragraph. This neighbor weighing function takes values close to 1 and −1 for nearby and distant neighbors respectively, and provides a smooth transition of weights for the intermediate neighbors. The star in SWRF* indicates that it uses both nearby and distant neighbors, similar to SURF*. In our experiments, we set t to the mean pairwise distance between samples, and u to the standard deviation of the pairwise distances. Figure2 depicts this neighbor weighting function.
_URL_
Figure 2
Plots comparing the success rates of ReliefF, SURF*, and SWRF*. Algorithms are compared across a range of sample sizes, heritabilities, and minor allele frequencies (MAFs). The x-axis for each plot denotes cutoff percentile and the y-axis denotes success rate.
The motivation for using the sigmoid function in SWRF* compared to the step function in SURF* is to avoid the large change in weight that may occur due to a small change in distance as can happen with samples that are close to the distance threshold t. The width of the sigmoid function is scaled


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What is the Moving Worlds proposal about?
Question:
What are the key features of the Moving Worlds proposal?
Answer:
Moving Worlds is VRML 2.0 proposal from a consortium of companies, formed by SGI, who are interested in working together to produce the new VRML standard. They have invited outside input, so that their proposal represents the views of developers working with VRML. Moving Worlds is based on a procedural programming approach which, its supporters believe, is more intuitively obvious than the nested functions approach of functional programming.
Here are the areas where Moving Worlds improves over VRML 1.0:
 - Enhanced static worlds now have a simpler scene graph structure, so parsing and optimizing files is easier.
 - New nodes permit realistic landscape effects such as backdrops of mountains or other scenery, irregular terrain, and fog to blur the distance. Sound effects nodes can be put into a scene. Sensor nodes allow the user to interact with the scene. A sensor node triggers actions when you enter an area or click on an object. Objects can be dragged from one place to another. A time sensor provides a basis for any actions determined by time, from an alarm clock ringing to repetitive animations. Collision detection makes the world solid around you and terrain following makes it possible to walk up stairs or slopes. Animation is produced by script nodes which can give the semblance of intelligence, or at least characteristic behavior, to an object or a creature. Scripts are triggered by events provoked by sensor data. By passing events information along with route statements a whole world of interaction can be induced by one action. Interpolator nodes smooth the action between the designated key frames. Prototyping is the way to produce new geometry nodes. Scripts are attached to nodes and nodes can be grouped into a new node type, a prototype. Then the new type can be made available to everyone.
Besides the above areas Moving Worlds has WWWInline which allows for objects to be linked in from diverse Web locations and ExternProto to allow for very large distributed worlds, too large to fit into memory. Availability: Moving Worlds is available free and without any legal restrictions. A reference implementation is being prepared by SGI.
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Adapted Living
Students with learning disabilities and other challenges benefit by practicing adaptive behavior skills. Adaptive behavior refers to the age-appropriate behaviors that people with and without learning disabilities need to live independently and to function well in daily life. Adaptive behaviors include real-life skills such as grooming, getting dressed, avoiding danger, safe food handling, following school rules, managing money, cleaning, and making friends. Adaptive behavior also includes the ability to work, practice social skills, and take personal responsibility.


text:
Target localization based on joint measurement of amplitude and frequency in a LOFAR field
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To estimate the motion parameters of a moving target before its passing by the closest point of approach (CPA) point in a low frequency analyzing and recording (LOFAR) field, an error-free theoretical method based on the joint measurement of target radiated noise's amplitude and frequency was presented. First, the error-free theoretical equations for target characteristic frequency, absolute velocity, the CPA, and amplitude of the radiation noise were derived by three equal interval measured values of the target amplitude and frequency. Then, the method to improve the calculation accuracy was given. Finally, the simulation and experiments were conducted in the air and showed the correctness of this method. By using one single piece of LOFAR, this method can calculate four target parameters and the relative error of each estimated parameter is less than 10%.
Key wordsLow frequency analyzing and recording (LOFAR) Closest point of approach (CPA) Doppler frequency shift Transmission loss
Low frequency analyzing and recording (LOFAR) is a very important application in the passive measurement field. Generally, LOFAR with no directivity can only passively receive radiated noise of the target. Line spectrum information contained in the noise is recorded and processed to calculate the motion parameters of the target. With characteristics of low cost, small volume, light weight, etc., the LOFAR is applied widely in various fields, for example, underwater target localization (Wu and Sun, 1999; Ling and Wang, 2007).
Methods with single pieces of LOFAR for target parameter estimation are as follows. The classical algorithm for LOFAR, namely algorithm of Doppler-closest point of approach (CPA) was proposed in (Tao 2009). Tao (2009) calculated the velocity of the target and CPA approximately by recording the two symmetrical target frequencies of the CPA point. An improved algorithm of the Doppler-CPA was also proposed in (Tao, 2009), where the calculation of the absolute velocity of the target and the CPA error-free theoretical formula were deduced by introducing time information. All the methods above can only be applied after the target passes by the CPA point, which is limited in use. The approximate calculation method of the target speed and CPA was presented in (Yu, 2011), which used any of the three point of frequency measurements and information of the change rate of the target line spectrum. Actually, the Doppler variation of the target is originally a slow process with noise. Therefore, using the rate of change to calculate the target motion parameters may cause some large errors.
Target localization with joint multiple LOFAR is another active direction, such as the classical LOFAR FIX (LOFIX) principle and analysis of localization accuracy in (Hu et al., 2009), the classical hyperbolic fixing (HYFIX) principle and analysis of localization accuracy in (Sun et al., 2010). The passive range estimation was completed by using a vector sensor array (Li et al., 2012). The passive parameter estimation and its accuracy were analyzed from different aspects (Shang et al., 1985; Mao, 2001; Brian and Kam, 2002; Xue et al., 2005; Ma, 2007; Cockrell and Schmidt, 2010). To improve the accuracy of the target frequency measurement, some methods of image processing were applied in previous studies (Fan et al., 2002; Yang et al., 2010).
This paper focuses on using a single piece of LOFAR. The radiated noise's amplitude of the target at any time (not restricted to passing by the CPA necessarily) is collected by three types of equal intervals. The error-free calculation formulas for the four types of status information consisted of absolute velocity of the target, characteristic frequency of the target, the closest distance, and the absolute amplitude, are then derived.
2 Measurement model
2.1 Measurements of frequency
2.2 Measurements of amplitude
LOFAR is mainly used for recording and processing the strong line spectrum in the noise radiated by the target. According to (Liu and Lei, 1993), the line spectrum noise mainly consists of mechanical noise and propeller noise in the background noise of the target. The frequency ranges from 10 Hz to 2000 Hz.
The absorption coefficient is 0.000279–0.12 in the frequency band of 10–2000 Hz. If the distance is 10 km, the extended loss will be 80 dB, and the maximum absorption loss is 1.2 dB. Therefore, the absorption loss can be ignored when the frequency is in the low band.
2.3 Equation of observation
As shown in Fig. 1, the frequency and amplitude of the target are measured and recorded at equal interval times t 1, t 2, and t 3 (t 2−t 1=t 3−t 2=Δt). The measurement of frequency is shown in Eq. (1).
3 Calculation of the target's parameters
3.1 Characteristic frequency
3.2 Absolute velocity
The velocity v and D/A T can be solved as f T has been known.
3.3 Closest point of approach (CPA)
When f T, v, and D/A T have been known, tgφ i can be calculated on the basis of Eq. (9). Then the closest point of approach D can be derived from Eq. (6) by use of the two values tgφ 1 and tgφ 2. Finally, the absolute amplitude A T at the distance which is equivalent to the unit distance from the target can be resolved.
4 Algorithm improvement
Only three measured data have been used in the method mentioned above. To improve the calculation accuracy in practice, the best results can be obtained by using the statistical method with more data.
4.1 Improvement of target characteristic frequency
4.2 Improvement of target velocity
5 Computer simulation
5.1 Error-free simulation
First of all, the correctness of the formula will be verified by use of the computer simulation without consideration of any error.
We set the target speed of 5 m/s, characteristic line spectrum of 1000 Hz, radiation sound source level of 134 dB, and the equivalent voltage of 1 m away from the target A T=501.90 V (which is calculated on the condition that the sensitivity of acoustic receiving transducer is −203 dB, and the gain of the preamplifier circuit is 120 dB).
LOFAR is located in the origin of the coordinates, and the closest distance D to the target is 100 m, 1000 m, and 10000 m. Matlab is used as the simulation software. The sample rate of the frequency and amplitude is 1 Hz, sound speed is 1500 m/s, and time zero is set at the moment that the target passes by the CPA point (the CPA point in Fig. 1). The information of Doppler and amplitude of the targets which contain −300 s, −200 s, and −100 s is used for the calculation.
The calculated results of the simulation model and sample data without errors are shown in Table 1.
Calculated results without error
Actual closest distance (m)
Closest distance (m)
Absolute amplitude (V)
Because this algorithm is theoretically accurate and error-free, the calculation error depends entirely on the error of the calculation process. Matlab acted as the numerical simulation software due to its high calculation accuracy. In the actual process, the error of each calculated result can reach 10−14 orders of magnitude. Table 1 does not list all the significant figures as it is limited by the table size. As in the case of 1000.00 m, the actual calculated velocity is 4.99999999999998, and the distance is 1000.0000000000024. The correctness of this algorithm can be proved from the simulation results.
5.2 Simulation with error
Calculated results with noise
Actual closest distance (m)
Closest distance (m)
Absolute amplitude (V)
As shown in Table 2, the calculated results are very accurate at close range (1000.00 m). The maximum relative error of distance is 2.91%, which can meet the actual requirements. Considering that we are only using a single piece of passive LOFAR, such results are still satisfactory.
The error increases dramatically at far distance, e.g., in the case of 10000.00 m, the calculated error of the velocity is up to 26.60%. The main reason is that the variation of the target's frequency and amplitude is reduced with the increasing distance, and the variation is almost the same as that of the amplitude of the noise. Therefore, the calculated error is very large, and may even result in a singular matrix which cannot be calculated.
6 Experiment in the air
6.1 Principle of the experiment
In the experiment (Fig. 2), the car traveling at a constant speed on the highway can simulate the targets which passed by the microphone, namely the CPA point at a uniform speed. The signal acquisition part collected the environmental noise and the target line spectrum which were stored by the data logger.
The experiment content was mainly to change the different distances of the CPA (D in Fig. 2) and the car speed v, and then the collected sound data were used to calculate the frequency f of the signal, the absolute amplitude A, the speed v of the car, and the CPA distance D. The correctness of the algorithm and the effects of different factors on the algorithm will be verified in the experiment.
6.2 Processing method
The collected noise spectrum

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


these measures may help delay the need for surgery, but they rarely reverse the problem.
Surgery
If the femoral head has not begun to collapse, your surgeon may suggest an operation to try to increase the blood supply to the femoral head. Several operations have been designed to do this.
Decompressing the Femoral Head
The simplest operation is to drill one or several holes through the femoral neck and into the femoral head, trying to reach the area that lacks blood supply. The drill bores out a plug of bone within the femoral head. This operation is thought to do two things: (1) it creates a channel for new blood vessels to quickly form into the area that lacks blood supply, and (2) it relieves some of the pressure inside the bone of the femoral head. Relieving this pressure seems to help decrease the pain patients experience from AVN.
Decompression is often accompanied by the use of bone grafts with or without growth factors, a procedure designed to stimulate bone growth at the site of the defect. The donated bone comes from the patient (taken from the pelvic bone or lower leg). The bone is crushed up into tiny pieces and applied to the hole or defect caused by the necrotic process.
The decompression operation (with or without bone grafting) is done through a very small incision in the side of the thigh. The surgeon watches on a fluoroscope as a drill is used. A fluoroscope is a type of X-ray that shows the bones on a TV screen. The surgeon uses the fluoroscope to guide the drill where it needs to go. This operation is usually done as an outpatient procedure, and you will be able to go home with crutches the same day.
Fibular Bone Graft
A more complicated procedure to try to increase the blood supply to the femoral head is a vascularized fibular bone graft procedure. This is actually a tissue transplant. The graft is taken from the fibula (the thin bone that runs next to the shin bone). The graft is vascularized, meaning it has a blood supply of its own. Because it supports the femoral head, the graft is also referred to as a strut graft.
The surgeon removes a piece of the small bone in your lower leg (the fibula) along with the blood vessels to the bone. The surgeon then drills a hole through the side of the femur and into the femoral head. The surgeon attaches the blood vessels from the fibula to one of the blood vessels around the hip. This creates instant blood flow into the bone graft and into the head of the femur. This operation does two things: (1) it brings blood flow to the femoral head through the bone graft, and (2) the fibular bone graft is strong and keeps the femoral head from collapsing as the bone heals itself. This procedure is an inpatient procedure and will require you to stay in the hospital for several days.
This is a very complicated operation and is not commonly done. It is not always successful because the blood supply to the graft is fragile and may not form completely.
Rotational Osteotomy
In cases of small lesions involving less than one-third of the surface of the femoral head, rotational osteotomy has been very successful. The procedure involves making a cut through the bone and turning the head of the femur so that the necrotic bone is no longer bearing any weight.
Artificial Hip Replacement
When AVN is in the advanced stages, the condition is no different from osteoarthritis of the hip joint. Your surgeon will probably recommend replacing the hip with an artificial hip joint. For those patients with a limited bone defect that only affects the femoral head and does not extend into the hip socket, a resurfacing procedure might be considered. Hip resurfacing arthroplasty is a type of hip replacement that replaces the arthritic surface of the joint but removed far less bone than in the traditional hip replacement.
Related Document: A Patient's Guide to Artificial Joint Replacement of the Hip
Related Document: [relateddocument id=""]A Patient's Guide to Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty[/relateddocument]
Rehabilitation
What should I expect following treatment?
Nonsurgical Rehabilitation
You may work with a physical therapist who will show you ways to safely move and stretch your hip. The goal is to keep your hip mobile and to avoid losing range of motion. Your therapist will also instruct you to use a walker or crutches. Keeping weight off your hip while you are standing or walking may help the bone to heal while protecting the femur from further damage.
After Surgery
After a simple drilling operation, you will probably use crutches for six weeks or so. The drill holes weaken the bone around the hip, making it possible to fracture the hip. Using crutches allows the bone to heal safely and reduce the risk that you may fracture your hip. Patients who have had bone and blood vessels grafted are required to limit how much weight they place on the hip for up to six months.
When you are safe in putting full weight through the leg, your doctor may have you work with a physical therapist to help regain hip range of motion and strength.
Patients who require hip resurfacing or artificial hip joint replacement follow a structured program of physical therapy beginning shortly after surgery.
Related Document: A Patient's Guide to Artificial Joint Replacement of the Hip
*Disclaimer:*The information contained herein is compiled from a variety of sources. It may not be complete or timely. It does not cover all diseases, physical conditions, ailments or treatments. The information should NOT be used in place of visit with your healthcare provider, nor should you disregard the advice of your health care provider because of any information you read in this topic.
All content provided by eORTHOPOD® is a registered trademark of Mosaic Medical Group, L.L.C.. Content is the sole property of Mosaic Medical Group, LLC and used herein by permission.


text:
The Contact Database is a database of Contact Items. The main API to the Contact Database is provided by the CContactDatabase class. The CContactDatabase class allows clients to create (CContactDatabase::CreateL()) a new Contact Database, or open (CContactDatabase::OpenL()) an existing one.
Once opened, the database can be searched and sorted, and items within it can be edited or read, new items can be added and existing ones can be deleted (CContactDatabase::doDeleteContactL()). To edit an item, it must first be opened. Changes to the item can then be committed to storage using CContactDatabase::CommitContactL(). Only open items can be committed.
Client applications that need to be updated dynamically, as the database is altered by other clients, should derive from class MContactDbObserver. The observer's MContactDbObserver::HandleDatabaseEventL() function will be called in response to each change to the database.
When contacts are modified the database can become fragmented, limiting the amount of space available. This leads to less efficient storage. To determine whether defragmentation is required for the database use CContactDatabase::CompressRequired().This function provides an easy way of testing whether the database is being used efficiently. ETrue is returned if a compression of the database is recommended. To compress the database to its minimum size use CContactDatabase::CompactL().
CContactDatabase::IsDamaged() tests to see whether the database is corrupted and needs to be recovered. If the database is corrupted it can be recovered through a rollback. CContactDatabase::RecoverL() first closes all tables in the database and then reopens them after the database is repaired. CContactDatabase::DatabaseRollback() will force a rollback of the database.
Copyright ©2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise stated, these materials are provided under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0.


text:
The classic activity arch has been further developed by the Done by Deer design team and the result is the award winning activity gym.
An innovative take on the classic activity center lead to a much more flexible and unique activity gym that does not require a baby blanket to stand – it can stand freely anywhere.
Because of the flexible design, you have several options on how to use it for your baby.
5 ways to use the activity gym
The activity gym differs from the classical baby gyms due to its free-standing and flexible design.
Here are 5 ways to use it for different situations:
- Put the activity gym in your baby's play pen and surround your baby with Deer friends.
- Place the activity gym over the baby nest and let your baby have a wonderful time studying all the toys.
- Use the gym on the changing table and nappy changes will be more fun.
- Encourage tummy time and practice crawling skills on the floor.
- Bring the gym outside on a lovely day and let your little one take part in gardening life.
Stimulation of baby's senses
The baby's senses are stimulated by the noises, the different textures and the contrasting colours incorporated into the three toys.
Width and height of the Activity Gym can easily be adjusted, an innovative feature that helps babies reach the eye catching toys and a hanging mirror.
A mirror on one leg of the arch and a soft patch on the other attract the attention of little eyes and fingers as well.
Award winning design
Because of the innovative features the Activity gym won the international Red Dot Design Award in 2016.
For the Activity gym the statement by the jury was:
"With its flexible design, the activity gym is an innovative variant of the classical centre."
The Activity Gym not only sparks the imagination of the little ones but is also a modern design piece in the home.
The classy toned-down colour of the arch makes it the perfect match for the design conscious family.
The Activity Gym is soft and safe for babies to play with, it stands firmly on its two feet and being flexible in design it is no problem to store away, move around or bring along when going places.


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The purpose of the 'Linking Land Protection & Stewardship' project was to bring together conservation partners in key communities, identify common goals and seek opportunities for enhanced cooperation. The Ontario Farmland Trust along with the Ontario Stewardship and the Ontario Land Trust Alliance began the initiative in early 2012. A web-based survey was designed to gather information about current levels of collaboration among local land conservation groups was first distributed. Additionally, the survey was also intended to help identify challenges and opportunities relating to stewardship and securement of natural heritage and agricultural lands. The survey groups included stakeholders such as land stewardship organizations, land trusts, conservation authorities, municipalities, agricultural groups and farmers. Following the administration of the surveys, OFT co‐hosted six information and networking workshops in six different regions throughout Southern Ontario:
- Prince Edward County
- Perth-Huron Counties
- Niagara Region
- Wellington County
- York Region
- Halton Region
The workshops were intended to bring local conservation groups together to share information about each others' work and brainstorm opportunities for enhanced collaboration. The goal of this one‐year initiative were to:
- – Develop strong working relationships between OFT, stewardship organizations, local land trusts, conservation authorities, municipalities and other environmental and agricultural groups;
- – Enhance the ability of stakeholders to collaborate on common goals related to land securement, stewardship and conservation, and landowner outreach and education;
- – Strengthen awareness of land protection and stewardship options among farmland owneroperators and other rural landowners for agricultural and natural heritage lands.
This project provided a forum for meaningful dialogue between groups that previously lacked opportunities to discuss challenges, overlapping priorities and mutual interests. Workshops also provided a learning opportunity for those working in land protection and stewardship, particularly around the work of the Ontario Farmland Trust, the multitude of land securement tools available to them, and understanding how to build stronger relationships with the farming community.
Workshop participants shared over 100 unique recommendations for new or enhanced cooperation between conservation groups in their local communities. Despite variation in comments between geographic areas, common themes emerged that highlight substantial opportunities for expanded collaboration in the pursuit of common land conservation goals. The project was completed in February 2013.
This project was generously supported by the Ontario Trillium Foundation
(an agency of the Government of Ontario).


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Webster 1913 Edition
anomalia, Gr. [GREEK]. See
Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity; anything anomalous.
We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various
anomaliesand contending principles that are found in the minds and affairs of men.
As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater
anomalyin nature than a bird that can not fly.
The angular distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun. This is the true anomaly. The eccentric anomaly is a corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic orbit of the planet. The mean anomaly is what the anomaly would be if the planet's angular motion were uniform.
The angle measuring apparent irregularities in the motion of a planet.
Any deviation from the essential characteristics of a specific type.
Webster 1828 Edition
1.Irregularity; deviation from the common rule; thus oxen, the plural of ox, is an anomaly, in grammar, as the regular plural would be oxes.
2.In astronomy, an irregularity in the motion of a planet, whereby it deviates from the aphelion or apogee.
3.In music, a false scale or interval.


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The AQUA-L1 acoustic indoor leak detector includes two special ceramic sensors, a wall sensor and a floor sensor—each unique in its ability to find a leak. Leak sounds picked up by the ceramic sensors are simultaneously displayed on the screen whilst emitting sound to the noise-cancelling headphones.
- Designed and developed by geotechnical engineers and hands-on technical experts.
- 15-hour battery life.
- 50cm depth reach.
- Adjustable frequency range to filter out unwanted background noise.
- User manual & lifetime support.
- Universal plug for additional sensors.
- Simple and easy-to-use interface.
- Sleek and ergonomic design and grip.
- Robust and heavy-duty casing.
- Eight available languages (English, Polish, German, Spanish, French, Turkish, Italian and Arabic) and more to come!
Our range of AQUA-L multi-sensor acoustic leak detectors capture leak sounds through special ceramic crystal sensors, making them considerably more durable than their counterparts. Sounds are also processed by the display screen and shown as visual signal bars. The leak sound is simultaneously transmitted to the noise-cancelling headphones. This method is the most efficient and effective technique for locating a burst pipe acoustically. Therefore completely avoiding the need to dig any unnecessary holes to find the leak.
The closer the sensor is to the leak, the greater the leak sound will be. Each visual signal bar will also adjust in height accordingly. (Visual signal bars can also be saved for reference and comparison).
Click here to view the user manual,
| Wall Sensor
This sensor can also be used within narrow, hard-to-reach spaces beneath cabinets and vanities, toilet cisterns, ceilings, etc.
| Indoor Floor Sensor
This sensor is used on most surface areas such as tiled, timber, carpeted floors, slabs and foundations, office rooms, etc.
Noise Cancelling Headphones
Lockable Aluminium Carry Case


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It is never too late to start logging your sources. Knowing where you gathered particular details on an ancestor is very important in your research. When evaluating incongruous information, reviewing which source the details are from can help you decide what is more accurate. Another reason to keep track of your sources is so others can verify or follow-up on your research.
Some ways you can keep track of where you found information on your ancestors are:
1. Maintain a log of sources in a notebook or on your genealogy software.
2. Copy the title page of sources you have viewed.
3. Note materials you have searched, but in which you did not find information. It prevents you from repeatedly returning to the same source.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Promoting respect and tolerance in the classroom
The UNESCO-USA-Brazil "Teaching Respect for All" project (launch date: 18 January) is the latest of several initiatives the Organization carries out to promote learning to live together.
Teaching and learning about human rights is a major aspect of UNESCO's rights-based work in education. Human rights education creates a "human rights-friendly" environment and helps learners to live by and promote human rights in their daily lives. This new project aims to delevop a curriculum framework for anti-racism and tolerance. In developing this work the Organization will draw upon past and current activities.
UNESCO carries out human rights education projects, in formal and non-formal settings, on gender equality, violence prevention, ethics education and providing access to education for indigenous people, rural people, child workers, children with disabilities and other marginalized groups. It recently convened the United Nations' first-ever international consultation to address bullying against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and inter-sex (LGBTI) students in educational institutions.
Its 9,000-strong worldwide network of Associated (ASPnet) Schools carries out initiatives such as the Transatlantic Slave Trade Education project to study the causes and consequences of the slave trade and combat racism and discrimination. ASPnet Schools are currently testing an innovative teaching tool on children's rights in several countries.
As part of the strategy for Priority Africa, UNESCO is carrying out studies on Human Rights and Education for Global Citizenship in 10 African countries. The studies aim at identifying problems related to their implementation and assisting countries in the region in their endeavours to adopt effective strategies, programmes and activities.
UNESCO has been promoting the World Programme for Human Rights Education (2005-ongoing), in close cooperation with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, targeting diverse communities, from students to civil servants to police officers.


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International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity
Indigenous Peoples Conservation Committee
Author: Goutam Kumar Chakma Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (PCJSS} Submitted to:
Open Ended Ad-Hoc Working Group on Protected Areas United Nations CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
A VIEW OF KAPTAI LAKE IN CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS (CHT)
Photo taken by Nirmal Kanti Chakma
This is a short report on Protected Areas (PAs) and its effects on the rights of the indigenous peoples (IPs) in Bangladesh. It includes policies and management of the environment, forest, and land related to Indigenous Peoples (IPs) particularly Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) and few other parts like Mymensingh and Sylhet. The impact of policies and management of protected areas on the rights of the IPs as well as degradation of the environment, forest and land, is briefly discussed.
Bangladesh covers an area of 56,977 sq. miles or 147,570 sq. km. with a population of 150 million. It was once a part of Bengal Province in the British India and later became a part of Pakistan. It emerged as a nation state in 1971.
Like other regions in British India CHT was an 'Excluded Area' and administered under the "CHT Regulation of 1900." This Regulation was the main instrument until the new administrative arrangement was introduced in 1989 and renewed with the CHT Agreement signed between the Government and the PCJSS (Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti) in 1997.
Mymensingh and Sylhet, which were parts of Assam Province and inhabited by indigenous peoples, were also administered under certain rules of British India. Some provisions on land rights, continued until now under 'The State Acquisition and Tenancy Act of 1950.'
IP Profile in Bangladesh
There are more than 10 multi-lingual indigenous ethnic groups in CHT, who collectively identify themselves as 'Jumma People' (People of Highland). More than 35 indigenous peoples groups are scattered in other parts of the country. The total population of indigenous peoples in Bangladesh is approximately 3 million, out of which, 0.85 million live in CHT, which covers an area of 5,089 sq. miles or 13,295 sq. km. The IPs in Mymensigh and Sylhet and other parts of Bangladesh have become absolute minority in their own lands. Presently they are scattered and are ruled under general arrangement. In 1947, the population ratio of IPs and Non-IPs in CHT was 98.5% and 2.5% respectively which reduced at present to 55% and 45%.
Bangladesh ratified ILO Convention 169 in 1972, which included IP rights. Bangladesh Constitution retained 'The Existing Laws', some of which recognized the existence of IPs and their rights over their lands and natural resources. Yet the Government of Bangladesh denies existence of any IPs in the country. With such denial, the government can hardly pass any positive policy for protection of
IP rights in the country. This is especially true in this nation where majority of
the rulers are extreme nationalist and fundamentalist with hostile attitude towards the IPs. Naturally, provisions of existing laws have not been executed in the interest of IPs. As a consequence, IP rights on land and natural resources have been grossly violated threatening the existence of their ethnic identity. This as well extremely affected their environment and biodiversity.
II. National Laws and policies on Protected Area
1. Forest Act and Forestry policy
The British Indian Government declared certain forests of the natural forest areas of the then British India as protected areas for production of industrial wood and managed under the "Forest Act of 1865'. The first Forest Policy was framed in 1894 aiming at collecting revenue from Reserved Forests and allowing people to use forest products. The Reserved Forests used to be the safe sanctuary for wildlife and plants as well. The British Indian Government for the first time declared and demarcated 1,224 square miles, which is 24% of CHT as 'Reserve' in 1875. It was managed under the "Indian Forest Act of 1865," which was amended by the "Indian Forest Act of 1878' and later by the "Indian Forest Act 1927." The local IPs collect woods, bamboo, and other forest products to ensure food security during hard times Other forests were retained under the Land and Revenue Department. Community ownership of the IPs over CHT was recognized. Some natural forests particularly, Mymensingh and Sylhet, which were inhabited by IPs were declared 'Reserved' and certain IP rights were recognized and enjoyed at a certain extent until the British rule was over in 1947.
In 1995, "The National Forestry Policy of 1994" was announced by the government, the purpose of which is for forestation of the denuded hills in the district/mouza forests, being inhabited by IPs. It also aims at increasing the coverage of protected areas to 10% of the Reserve Forest land by 2010.
Since 1992, the Ministry of Environment and Forests issued a series of notices for the creation of Reserve Forests over an area of 89,034 hectares of district/mouza forests.
2. Amendment of The Forest Act and The Social Forestry Rule Draft
In 2000 'The Forest (Amendment) Act of 2000' was passed in the parliament for forestation in CHT and some other parts of the country with the participation of local communities. Eventually, the Government drafted 'The Social Forestry Rule of 2001'.
All the local government institutions with IP representation and local people of CHT and IPs of other parts of the country rejected it because of non-recognition of IP rights and improper processes.
3. National Environmental Policy
In 1992 the Government of Bangladesh announced 'The National Environmental Policy of 1992' for ecological protection from natural disaster, sustainable use of natural resources and other related programs. There were 15 identified sectors that included land, forest, wildlife, biodiversity, fishes and livestock. UNDP assisted the Government in coming up with the National Environmental Management Action Plan for 1995 to 2005. The National Environmental Council was made headed by the Prime Minister. To be participatory, workshops were held in CHT and other parts of the country. According to the new administrative arrangement, it is mandatory to have consultation with CHTRC and concerned HDCs on legislation and formulation of policy related to CHT. The ministry did not do it.
4. Bangladesh Wildlife Conservation Act
The Government of Bangladesh passed 'The Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) Order' in 1973 and was amended as 'The Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) (Amendment) Act of 1974'. The government can implement and manage protected area by virtue of 'The Forest Act of 1927', 'The Private Forest Order of 1959' and 'The Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) (Amendment) Act of 1974'.But there has been hardly any progress in this respect.
In the 1960s, the government announced two sanctuaries in CHT for conservation of wildlife. These were:
1. Pablakhali Wildlife Sanctuary -over 42,067 hectares in the southeastern part of Kassalong Reserve Forest (presently in Rangamati Hill District) that was established in 1962. This sanctuary had been affected due to settlement of IPs in the CHT area. and
2. Rampahar Sitapahar Wildlife Sanctuary – covering an area of 3,026 hectares, which is 5 km. from Kaptai town. The Forest Department took maintenance of it in 1973.
III. Case Studies of the effects of Protected Area Policies on Indigenous Peoples
A. Chittagong Hills Tracts (CHT)
The Government of Bangladesh framed the first Forest Policy in 1979 with an aim to implement a 20-year master plan. Asian Development Bank and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) funded the plan. In fact, it was purposely made for the deforestation of CHT to combat the armed insurgency of IPs/Jumma people. The Forest Industrial Development Corporation and the Forest Department, initiated massive logging and extraction of bamboos, canes and creepers from the reserve forests. Simultaneously, the Forest Department in collaboration with the Army authority deployed soldiers to combat the armed insurgency through the implementation of the deforestation program, in the guise of forestation programme in other forests of the region.
Partially denuded hills
Photo taken by Nirmal Kanti Chakma
Every year, the army soldiers burned down forests of the hills and mountains in the region. It was accelerated with the settlement of half a million political migrants/non-IPs from other districts to CHT between 1979 and 1985 under the government plan to outnumber the IPs. The Non-IPs were resettled on the lands and villages, owned by IPs either collectively or individually. Both the non-IPs and IPs extracted forest products, legally and illegally, as livelihood in collaboration with the Forest Department officials. These activities resulted to extreme pressure and ultimate destruction of the environment.
In May 2005, the government with an aim to outnumber the IPs had taken up another move to allot budget for ration of 28,000 families of non-IPs for their resettlement from other parts of Bangladesh to CHT including Kassalong Reserve Forests. Such move must expedite the degradation of natural forests and environment, thereby resulting to extinction of plants and wildlife in the region.
The CHT Agreement was signed in December 1997 and the process for restoration of IP rights living in the area, commenced. There was a newly set up statutory bodies namely; Hill District Councils with executive powers on 33 subjects including management on land, environment and forest (Mouza forests), and the CHT Regional Council with supervisory powers on the HDCs, all other institutions of general administration, law and order and economic development in CHT.
According to 'The CHT Regulation of 1900 (1 of 1900)' and 'Rangama


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I have two questions:
1. My character is of Polish descent, but his grandfather became a german citizen through naturalization. My question is, since his grandfather was a naturalized citizen, would my character be automatically considered a german citizen? He also served in the army during WWI, would that be enough to grant him citizenship if he wasn't before?
2. Second question, would it be plausible for this character to serve as a representative of that party in the Reichstag? My understanding of elections during this time is that the party chose the candidates and the proportion of the vote they received in the region determined how many of those candidates served in the Reichstag.
I've tried Wikipedia. And I've found a couple chapters on google books about citizenship, but it doesn't cover Naturalization. I've also been unsuccessful trying to find a book or articles on restrictions for participation in the Reichstag or how elections were conducted during the 1920s, early 30s.


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The Reverse-Robin-Hood-Cross-Subsidy Hypothesis: Do Credit Card Systems Effectively Tax the Poor and Reward the Rich?
Robin Hood and his band of merry men infamously, if apocryphally, robbed from the rich and gave to the poor. Over the last decade, some economists have postulated that credit card companies do the opposite – forcing low-income cash customers to pay higher prices for retail goods that effectively fund the frequent flier miles and other rewards that go predominantly to affluent cardholders. Because the credit card systems prohibit surcharging, everyone pays the same price. But, these analysts reason, merchants inflate their prices across the board to cover the cost of credit card acceptance. While credit card customers are rewarded handsomely, the poor, who often use cash or checks, get the shaft. In this sense, these commentators claim, card systems are reversing Robin Hood's redistributive quest.
Until recently, the reverse-Robin-Hood-cross subsidy ("RRHCS") hypothesis was limited largely to theoretical economic analysis. Not any longer. Merchants have recently filed more than 50, now consolidated, cases against the card systems' alleging that "the No-Surcharge Rule effectively compels cash payers and users of other low-cost payment forms to subsidize all of the costly perquisites given by [Card-]Issuing Banks to consumers using more expensive payment forms such as Visa and MasterCard Payment Cards, including frequent-flier miles, rental-car insurance, free gifts, and even cash-back rewards." The potential damages in these cases are said to exceed the annual pre-tax profit of the entire U.S. banking industry.
This Article questions the RRHCS hypothesis, providing reasons to doubt that card use increases retail prices in a substantial and systematic way. Although the best available evidence indicates that merchants pay more out-of-pocket to accept credit cards than they do for other forms of payment, these costs are only half the story. Credit cards provide significant benefits to merchants that could outweigh the incrementally higher out-of-pocket costs and thus lead to lower retail prices. Although the evidence is inconclusive, credit card acceptance appears to make all consumers better off than they would be if the particular merchants with whom they deal did not accept cards.
Second, this Article demonstrates that the empirical evidence allegedly proving the hypothesis – surveys of gasoline retailers in the 1980s – in fact does not. Factors unique to gasoline retailing are more likely to explain the cross subsidies that existed in the 1980s than any generalizable principal about the relationship between card acceptance fees and retail prices. Moreover, when viewed in the context of the entire card-accepting economy, the 1980s gas station experience may cut against the RRHCS hypothesis. The data show that when a significant cross subsidy favoring card users existed, a significant percentage of the dealers in a large and profitable industry adopted a cash-discounting policy. The paucity of similar discounting schemes today – or alternatively merchants that do not accept credit cards – suggests that the 1980s gas station experience was unique and that substantial cross-subsidies across means of payment are now rare.
Lastly, this article evaluates the impact of any potential subsidy favoring credit card use within an economy that is rife with similar ones. It proposes measures aimed at bringing those who have no banking relationships into the system. Enabling more consumers to benefit from banking services, including credit cards, would provide a greater public service than battling a cross subsidy that may not exist.
Steven Semeraro. 2008. "The Reverse-Robin-Hood-Cross-Subsidy Hypothesis: Do Credit Card Systems Effectively Tax the Poor and Reward the Rich?" ExpressO
Available at: _URL_


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Log Off... Shut Down... Get Outside!
Creeking in the Parks - Pond Study
Forest Run Timberman Ridge Area
We're changing things up just a bit with a Pond Study for this week's Creeking in the Parks! Join partners MetroParks of Butler County and Butler Soil & Water Conservation District as we explore the ponds at Forest Run MetroPark's Timberman Ridge Area located in Hamilton.
Throughout this series, learn what lives in the water, their habitats and about fossils that can be found in the area. Print the Key to Life in the Pond worksheet below to identify the things you find living in the pond.
Join us next week, July 2, for another creeking adventure!
Check out these additional creeking resources!
Come back tomorrow to learn about evidence of food chains found in the parks as part of the Family Fun Friday series!
We offer a periodic newsletter with information about upcoming events and programs.
Create Family fun
MetroParks provides opportunities to experience open green spaces near home. Pick the time of day that fits your busy schedule to spend some time with nature. Hike a trail, wander through natural habitats, view wildlife or just play! Please consider donating to further MetroParks ability to provide these resources.


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How to Set Up a Project Document in Microsoft Project 2002
- Oct 4, 2002
In this chapter
Setting up a new Project document correctly from the beginning will help make your use of Microsoft Project much easier. Before you enter the first task in a new project, it's a good idea to examine several settings and make any needed changes to them. Although there are no defined rules for doing this, by following the steps outlined in this chapter, you will be able to create a more accurately calculated schedule.
You generally use most of the default settings in Microsoft Project to schedule tasks. Project also allows flexibility and adaptability to accurately reflect the actual workings of each individual project. You can change many of these settings after tasks and resources have already been entered into the project. However, by addressing these issues up front, you are guaranteed to communicate a schedule that is based on logic and calculated reason.
Although you can address the preliminaries of a project in any order, the order in which the topics are presented in this chapter is the order recommended when you begin developing your first project.
Supplying Information for a New Project
You should understand the working conditions in a project, including the working calendar and holidays, before attempting to set up the project. Project calculates the schedule for activities based on this information, so you should outline this information before you begin using Project to schedule tasks.
When you begin working with Project, you typically start by setting up the environmental working options. Next, you define the working time calendar, considering working hours and nonworking time. After you set up a calendar, you might want to print it for review at a later time. You might also want to use the same calendar for other projects; to do this, you need to use the Organizer, which is described later in this chapter.
Project 2002 includes two new wizards: the New Project Wizard and the Calendar Wizard. Using wizards in Microsoft products makes the setup process easy and complete. You are strongly encouraged to take advantage of these new wizards to expedite your setup time and allow you to focus on defining the scope of work for the project.
When you start a new project, you must consider whether you want the project to be scheduled from a specific start date or scheduled backward from a predetermined finish date. It is not possible to do both: You must either schedule forward based on the project's start date or schedule backward based on the project's finish date. When Project calculates the forward-scheduling of tasks, it considers many factors, including the duration of the tasks, the base calendar selected, the settings set by the user, dependencies defined between activities, the calendar of the resource assigned, and, if one is created, a specific task calendar that is assigned to the activity. When Project calculates the backward-scheduling of tasks, it does essentially the same thing it does when forward-scheduling, except that it calculates backward from the project's fixed end date.
In addition to calendar information, you need to provide summary information; Project inserts this information into many of the reports it can generate, and this information enables Project users to search for specific contents of files saved on your computer. You enter this summary information into the Properties dialog box, which you access by selecting File, Properties. The following sections describe how you input data into the Project Information and Properties dialog boxes.
Using the Project Information Dialog Box
To start a new file, choose File, New or click the New button on the Standard toolbar. Microsoft Project automatically displays the Project Information dialog box.
You use the Project Information dialog box to record basic information about a project, such as the starting date and the base calendar to use for scheduling. To access the Project Information dialog box at any time, you choose Project, Project Information.
Figure 3.1 shows the Project Information dialog box that appears in the Standard edition of Project. Figure 3.2 shows the Project Information dialog box that appears in the Professional edition of Microsoft Project.
Figure 3.1 The Project Information dialog box defines the start date for a project.
Figure 3.2 The Project Information dialog box for the Professional edition includes enterprise custom project level fields.
If the Project Information dialog box does not display when you open a new project, choose Tools, Options. On the General tab, mark the Prompt for Project Info for New Projects check box. Then start a new file; the Project Information dialog box should now appear (see Figure 3.3).
Figure 3.3 The option to have the Project Information dialog box appear when you open a new project is available under the General tab of the Options dialog box.
The fields in the Project Information dialog box are as follows:
Start Date, Finish Date, and Schedule FromThe Schedule from drop-down selects whether the project forward schedules from a start Date or backwards schedules from a finish Date. To define a specific date for a project to start, you can type the date in the Start Date text box or click the Start Date drop-down button to choose a date on a calendar. If you must schedule a project to finish on a specific date, select the Schedule From list box and choose Project Finish Date. You can then type a specific date in the Finish Date text box. This will move the project to schedule backwards from this date.
Current Date and Status DateMicrosoft Project uses the information in these fields to perform several date-related calculations. If you leave the Status Date field set to NA (for example, if you want to see the values in the Earned Value fields calculated up through and including the current date or a date you specify), Project uses the date in the Current Date field as the status date. This date is also used - in the Complete Through field in the Update Project dialog box and in the placement of progress lines in the Gantt Chart view. See the section "Understanding the Current Date and Status Date Text Boxes," later in this chapter, for more information about when and how you might want to use this field.
→ For information on telling Microsoft Project that work on the current project is complete through a specific date, see "Analyzing Progress and Revising the Schedule," p. 563.
- CalendarYou can use the Calendar list box to select a different base calendar for scheduling the project. The section "Scheduling with Calendars," later in this chapter, explains when you should use the default base calendar (Standard) and when you should consider using a different calendar.
If the base calendar you want to use is defined in a different project file from the one you're currently using, you must use the Organizer to copy that calendar into the current project file before you can select it (see the section "Working with Calendars," later in this chapter).
- PriorityWhen you are sharing a pool of resources across multiple projects, you can identify which project has the highest priority by changing the Priority field in the Project Information dialog box. You can set this project level priority between 0 and 1000.
→ When you have a resource spread too thin (that is, overallocated), you can have Microsoft Project attempt to resolve the problem. For more information, see "Resolving Resource Assignment Problems," p. 411.
Understanding the Start and Finish Date Text Boxes
When you're starting a new project document, you enter either a start date or a finish date into the Project Information dialog box to function as an anchor point for scheduling the tasks in the project. Microsoft Project computes the other date. You cannot specify both a start date and a finish date.
If you enter the start date, Microsoft Project schedules the first task in the project to begin at that time and calculates the project's finish date based on that starting date and the sequence of tasks that come after the first task. New tasks that are added begin as soon as possible when you schedule from a start date.
If you enter the finish date, Microsoft Project schedules the tasks from the end of the project first and works backward. The final task is scheduled to end by the finish date; the task that precedes the final task is scheduled to end in time for the final task to begin, and so on. By the time Project schedules all tasks to end in time to meet the finish date requirement, the program has calculated a start date (that is, the date by which the first task must begin for the project to be completed by the specified finish time). New tasks that are added begin as late as possible when you schedule from a finish date.
You can use the Schedule From list box to change a project's schedule as often as you like. If you want to see when a project must start in order to finish by a deadline date, you can change the Schedule From option to Project Finish Date and enter the deadline date. When you choose OK, Project recalculates the schedule, including a new start date. You can then view the Project Information dialog box again to see what the required start date is, given the new finish date deadline. While in the Project Information dialog box, you can switch back to scheduling from a fixed start date.
To select a start date or finish date, you can either type the date or click the drop-down button to select a date from a calendar (see Figure 3.4). To select a date in the current month, you simply click that date. To select a date in a different month, you use the left and right arrows to select a different month and then click the date.
Figure 3.4 The start date of the project should be defined from within the Project Information dialog box, not the start field of the first task of the project.
When you're managing a project, it's best to schedule forward based on a start date. If you schedule the project based on a fixed finish date, all activities must flow backward based on durations, linkages, and the calendars assigned; this is fine until you begin tracking the project. When you schedule


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[Show abstract][Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Three experiments examined how bottom-up and top-down processes interact when people view and make inferences from complex visual displays (weather maps). Bottom-up effects of display design were investigated by manipulating the relative visual salience of task-relevant and task-irrelevant information across different maps. Top-down effects of domain knowledge were investigated by examining performance and eye fixations before and after participants learned relevant meteorological principles. Map design and knowledge interacted such that salience had no effect on performance before participants learned the meteorological principles; however, after learning, participants were more accurate if they viewed maps that made task-relevant information more visually salient. Effects of display design on task performance were somewhat dissociated from effects of display design on eye fixations. The results support a model in which eye fixations are directed primarily by top-down factors (task and domain knowledge). They suggest that good display design facilitates performance not just by guiding where viewers look in a complex display but also by facilitating processing of the visual features that represent task-relevant information at a given display location. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition 01/2010; 36(1):37-53. · 3.10 Impact Factor
[Show abstract][Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: In two experiments, participants made inferences from weather maps, before and after they received instruction about relevant meteorological principles. Different versions of the maps showed either task-relevant information alone, or both task-relevant and task-irrelevant information. Participants improved on the inference task after instruction, indicating that they could apply newly acquired declarative knowledge to make inferences from graphics. In Experiment 1, participants spent more time viewing task-relevant information and less time viewing task-irrelevant information after instruction, and in Experiment 2, the presence of task-irrelevant information impaired performance. These results show that domain knowledge can affect information selection and encoding from complex graphics as well as processes of interpreting and making inferences from the encoded information. They also provide validation of one principle for the design of effective graphical displays, namely that graphics should not display more information than is required for the task at hand.
Learning and Instruction 01/2010; 20(2):155-166. · 3.73 Impact Factor


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Calculating a heat load is necessary before the installation of a radiant heating system can begin, since different types of radiant heating systems have different BTU output values.
A typical heat load calculation consists of surface heat loss calculation and heat loss due to air infiltration. Both should be done separately for every room in the house, so having a floor plan with dimensions of all walls, floors, ceiling, as well as doors and windows is a good place to start.
Below is a sample 5-step manual to surface heat loss calculation:
Delta T is a difference between indoor design temperature (T1) and outdoor design temperature (T2), where indoor design temperature is typically 68-72F depending on your preference, and outdoor design temperature is a typical low during the heating season. The former can be obtained by calling your local utility company.
Assuming that T1 is 72F and T2 is –5F, Delta T = 72F - (-5F) = 72F + 5F = 77F
If the calculation is done for an outside wall, with windows and doors, the calculations for the window and door heat loss should be done separately.Wall Area = Height x Width - Door Surface - Window Surface
Wall Area = 8ft x 22ft - 24sq ft - 14sq ft = 176sq ft - 38sq ft = 138sq ft
Use "Typical R-values and U-values" guide to obtain the wall R-value.U-value = 1 / R-value
U-value = 1 / 14.3 = 0.07
Surface heat loss can be calculated using the formula below:Surface Heat Loss = U-value x Wall Area x Delta T
Surface Heat Loss = 0.07 x 138sq ft x 77F = 744 BTUH
Door Heat Loss = 0.49 x 24sq ft x 77F = 906 BTUH
Window Heat Loss = 0.65 x 14sq ft x 77F = 701 BTUH
Ceiling Heat Loss = 0.05 x 352sq ft x 77F = 1355 BTUH
Total Wall heat loss = 744 BTUH + 906 BTUH + 701 BTUH + 1352 BTUH = 3703 BTUH
Air infiltration rates should always be taken into consideration.
The following formula can be used to calculate heat loss for a room due to air infiltration:
Air Changes per Hour accounts for air leakage into the room.
Air Infiltration Heat Loss = (22ft x 16ft x 8ft) x 77F x 1.2 x 0.018 = 4683 BTUH
For actual calculations, contact your contractor or system designer.


text:
Abstract: This article highlights the extent to which Töpffer's comic strip was an atypical artifact within its initial environment and has remained a problematic cultural object to name and define ever since.
Töpffer's groundbreaking pictorial storytelling strategy burst through the confines of his era's narrative practices in more ways than one, and its hybrid nature was not just a factor of image and word, but also of representation of the static and the dynamic. It blended the narrative flexibility of the novel, the visual comedy of street theater, and the sophisticated text/image interplay of the satirical cartoon with the elliptic plotting of the early 1800s single-leaf popular print stories.
In retrospect, Töpffer's graphic stories evoke an improbable collaboration between Diderot and Buster Keaton. Indeed, their first reviewer, Goethe, called this narrative medium the 'strangest of forms,' defining his own readerly experience of these texts in near-cinematic terms and dwelling on the efficiency of communication between the artist's idea and the reader's reception of it. I argue in this essay that fuzzy definition played a part in impeding the graphic novel's recognition on the cultural index in spite of its extreme artistic richness and efficiency as a narrative medium.


text:
At some point, all pitchers hit their hip while pitching. It happens when they fail to create enough room alongside their bodies for their arm, hand and ball. So how do pitchers create space?
It depends on the athlete. Great pitchers learn to adjust their body mechanics to create spacing. Yet it's important to note that each player does this in different ways because mechanics vary from player to player. Learn more about creating space from UCLA's Kirk Walker and why he cautions against changing a pitcher's natural "pitching DNA" too much.


New compile-time options for WP-34S
#17
Since revision 3361 there are some new compile-time options for the WP34S firmware. As the phrase "compile-time" suggests, these options will only be available to those of you who compile the WP34S firmware from source on your own computer. I thank Pauli, Walter, and Marcus for allowing these patches to be included as part of the project.
These patches can be enabled by uncommenting the relevant #define directives in features.h . There is some documentation for them in the file wp34s_ND_patches_readme.txt in the doc directory of the project.
Here's a list:
INCLUDE_EEX_PI
This option changes the behaviour of the EEX key so that if it is pressed when beginning a numeric entry, it enters PI without the need for a shift key.
INCLUDE_CASIO_SEPARATOR
This option changes the fraction separator to the old Casio form of _|.
INCLUDE_DOUBLEDOT_FRACTIONS
This option makes (for example) 4..7 enter the fraction 4/7, rather than 4 0/7, as on the HP-32Sii and other HP calculators.
INCLUDE_SIGFIG_MODE
Have you ever wanted to work to a particular number of significant figures, but didn't want your display cluttered up with trailing zeros or exponent notation? If so, then this option is for you. It takes over ALL mode so that ALL n displays (n+1) significant figures. So, for example, in ALL 3 mode the number 7 would be displayed as 7; 12345 would be displayed as 12350; 2.3 would be displayed as 2.3; pi would be 3.142; and so on. (There is the option to display trailing zeroes if desired.)
INCLUDE_YREG_CODE
This option causes the y-register contents to be displayed at all times (except in integer modes), rather than only after a complex operation.
There are a couple of other cosmetic options as well.
Nigel (UK)
#18
All these are useful options that can make life easier for the one or other user - some more so, some less. However, now there are three different ways to set user preferences: directly (e.g. decimal dot or comma), within the mode menu (e.g. thousands separator, date display) and now also within the source code.
Let's take a look at the way this is handled on other portable devices, for instance digital cameras: there is a set of user-definable settings (so-called custom functions) where personal preferences can be set. For instance the exposure display (full, 1/2 or 1/3 steps), key assignments etc. On a calculator like the 34s, thirty different settings with sixteen options (= 4 bit) each can be stored in 15 Bytes. Alternatively a set of system flags could be defined to store such settings - like it was done in the 41-series. The 34s currently has 100+ flags, so 20 or 30 less reserved for internal use would not hurt.
Dieter
Edited: 27 Jan 2013, 10:04 a.m.
#19
Quote:
On a calculator like the 34s, thirty different settings with sixteen options (= 4 bit) each can be stored in 15 Bytes. Alternatively a set of system flags could be defined to store such settings - like it was done in the 41-series. The 34s currently has 100+ flags, so 20 or 30 less reserved for internal use would not hurt.
OK - no problem from the UI side - extra variability in "online" settings will cost some bytes on the code side, however.
d:-)
#20
Quote:
extra variability in "online" settings will cost some bytes on the code side, however.
And being compile-time options these nice features will certainly be unusable by 99% of all WP34s users!
Who would really want (or be able) to download a complete C-compiler package and the whole source project just for making his own preferred vereion?
So I can only agree with Dieter - all those useful features should indeed be user-definable mode settings (at the cost of a few flags).
Franz
#21
I think that this is a problem without a solution. There's a limit to the configurability of any calculator, and (in an open-source project like this) someone will always add features that aren't part of the standard set-up.
I'd agree that vital features (e.g., date format, stack size, dot or comma) must be configurable by the user, but my changes aren't vital. The calculator is fine without them and I feel that they wouldn't merit the extra space needed to fit them in alongside the standard behaviour. Also, making them part of the standard calculator would mean that Pauli, Walter, and Marcus would have to maintain and document code that they didn't write. Having them available as compile-time options seems like a good compromise.
Incidentally, downloading the compiler and using it is not as hard as one might expect. I won't pretend it was trivial to get it working (see this link for my experience) but it wasn't impossible either.
Finally: if you want to see what the calculator is like with these modifications, without compiling the code yourselves, you can look here. You'll find the windows emulator and various bin files that you can copy onto your calculator. These are build 3361 with all my compile-time patches turned on.
Nigel (UK)
#22
Quote:
Finally: if you want to see what the calculator is like with these modifications, without compiling the code yourselves, you can look here. You'll find the windows emulator and various bin files that you can copy onto your calculator. These are build 3361 with all my compile-time patches turned on.
Thanks Nigel, great service! :-)
Franz
#23
Quote:
Finally: if you want to see what the calculator is like with these modifications, without compiling the code yourselves, you can look here. You'll find the windows emulator and various bin files that you can copy onto your calculator. These are build 3361 with all my compile-time patches turned on.
Good idea for sure - eases further discussion.
d:-)
#24
I am not sure if I get you right, but just to be sure: there is no need to reflect each and every setting in a user command. Take a look at the 41-series:
 - The decimal marker (comma/dot) and thousands separator are controlled by two flags. There is no special command like "E3ON" or "E3OFF" or RDX./RDX, since a simple CF28 / SF29 will do.
 - The printer can be set to double-wide and/or lower case printing. There are no special commands for this - simply set/clear flag 12 resp. flag 13.
 - The 41's user mode may be set directly by pressing the [USER] key. There is no programmable command for this. Instead, a program may simply set or clear (or toggle) the respective flag 27. Or test its status to determine whether user mode is on or off.
 - The angular mode is set directly by DEG, RAD and GRAD. This setting is also reflected by two flags that can be tested under program control to return the current mode. In this case, the 41-series does not allow to set/clear these flags directly, but this does not mean the 34s would have to do so either.
So not each and every custom setting requires a special command. Actually everything could be handled by flags, and only the most important settings may offer an additional convenient access by a dedicated command.
Dieter
#25
Quote:
... there is no need to reflect each and every setting in a user command. Take a look at the 41-series:
 - The decimal marker (comma/dot) and thousands separator are controlled by two flags. There is no special command like "E3ON" or "E3OFF" or RDX./RDX, since a simple CF28 / SF29 will do.
 - The printer can be set to double-wide and/or lower case printing. There are no special commands for this - simply set/clear flag 12 resp. flag 13.
 - The 41's user mode may be set directly by pressing the [USER] key. There is no programmable command for this. Instead, a program may simply set or clear (or toggle) the respective flag 27. Or test its status to determine whether user mode is on or off.
 - The angular mode is set directly by DEG, RAD and GRAD. This setting is also reflected by two flags that can be tested under program control to return the current mode. In this case, the 41-series does not allow to set/clear these flags directly, but this does not mean the 34s would have to do so either.
So not each and every custom setting requires a special command. Actually everything could be handled by flags, and only the most important settings may offer an additional convenient access by a dedicated command.
Dieter, I concur. But nevertheless you'll (actually: we'll) need some code like 'if


text:
To run PingTime from your browser you will need to enter a URL such as:
For OpenView on Unix
For OpenView on NT
where CiscoRouterIP is the IP address of the Cisco router to use as the test source.
TestIP1 TestIP2 etc is a list of IP addresses to test response times from this router.
In the example below, 10.1.1.12 is the router and the other addresses are the targets to test.


Primary sensory processing of visual and olfactory signals in the bumblebee brain
Mertes M (2013)
Bielefeld: Bielefeld University.
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Bielefelder E-Dissertation | Englisch
Alternativer Titel
What makes a landmark a landmark? How active vision strategies help honeybees to process salient visual features for spatial learning
Abstract / Bemerkung
Since decades honeybees are being used as an insect model system for answering scientific questions in a variety of areas. This is due to their enormous behavioural repertoire paired with their learning capabilities. Similar learning capabilities are also evident in bumblebees that are closely related to honeybees. As honeybees, they are central place foragers that commute between a reliable food source and their nest and, therefore, need to remember particular facets of their environment to reliably find back to these places. Via their flight style that consists of fast head and body rotations (saccades)interspersed with flight segments of almost no rotational movements of the head (intersaccades) it is possible to acquire distance information about objects in the environment. Depending on the structure of the environment bumblebees as well as honeybees can use these objects as landmarks to guide their way between the nest and a particular food source. Landmark learning as a visual task depends of course on the visual input perceived by the animal's eyes. As this visual input rapidly changes during head saccades, we recorded in my first project bumblebees with high-speed cameras in an indoor flight arena, while they were solving a navigation task that required them to orient according to landmarks. First of all we tracked head orientation during whole flight periods that served to learn the spatial arrangement of the landmarks. Like this we acquired detailed data on the fine structure of their head saccades that shape the visual input they perceive. Head-saccades of bumblebees exhibit a consistent relationship between their duration, peak velocity and amplitude resembling the human so-called "saccadic main sequence" in its main characteristics. We also found the bumblebees'saccadic sequence to be highly stereotyped, similar to many other animals. This hints at a common principle of reliably reducing the time during which the eye is moved by fast and precise motor control. In my first project I tested bumblebees with salient landmarks in front of a background covered with a random-dot pattern. In a previous study, honeybees were trained with the same landmark arrangement and were additionally tested using landmarks that were camouflaged against the background. As the pattern of the landmark textures did not seem to affect their performance in finding the goal location, it had been assumed that the way they acquire information about the spatial relationship between objects is independent of the objects texture. Our aim for the second project of my dissertation was therefore to record the activity of motion sensitive neurons in the bumblebee to analyse in how far object information is contained in a navigation-related visual stimulus movie. Also we wanted to clarify, if object texture is represented by the neural responses. As recording from neurons in free-flying bumblebees is not possible, we used one of the recorded bumblebee trajectories to reconstruct a three-dimensional flight path including data on the head orientation. We therefore could reconstruct ego-perspective movies of a bumblebee 10 while solving a navigational task. These movies were presented to motion-sensitive neurons in the bumblebee lobula. We found for two different classes of neurons that object information was contained in the neuronal response traces. Furthermore, during the intersaccadic parts of flight the object's texture did not change the general response profile of these neurons, which nicely matches the behavioural findings. However, slight changes in the response profiles acquired for the saccadic parts of flight might allow to extract texture information from these neurons at later processing stages. In the final project of my dissertation I switched from exploring coding of visual information to the coding of olfactory signals. For honeybees and bumblebees olfaction is approximately equally important for their behaviour as their vision sense. But whereas there is a solid knowledge base on honeybee olfaction with detailed studies on the single stages of olfactory information processing this knowledge was missing for the bumblebee. In the first step we conducted staining experiments and confocal microscopy to identify input tracts conveying information from the antennae to the first processing stage of olfactory information – the antennal lobe (AL ). Using three-dimensional reconstruction of the AL we could further elucidate typical numbers of single spheroidal shaped subunits of the AL , which are called glomeruli. Odour molecules that the bumblebee perceives induce typical activation patterns characteristic of particular odours. By retrogradely staining the output tracts that connect the AL to higher order processing stages with a calcium indicator, we were capable of recording the odourdependent activation patterns of the AL glomeruli and to describe their basic coding principles. Similarly as in honeybees, we could show that the odours' carbon chain length as well as their functional groups are dimensions that the antennal lobe glomeruli are coding in their spatial response pattern. Applying correlation methods underlined the strong similarity of the glomerular activity pattern between honeybees and bumblebees.
Jahr
PUB-ID
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Mertes M. Primary sensory processing of visual and olfactory signals in the bumblebee brain. Bielefeld: Bielefeld University; 2013.
Mertes, M. (2013). Primary sensory processing of visual and olfactory signals in the bumblebee brain. Bielefeld: Bielefeld University.
Mertes, M. (2013). Primary sensory processing of visual and olfactory signals in the bumblebee brain. Bielefeld: Bielefeld University.
Mertes, M., 2013. Primary sensory processing of visual and olfactory signals in the bumblebee brain, Bielefeld: Bielefeld University.
M. Mertes, Primary sensory processing of visual and olfactory signals in the bumblebee brain, Bielefeld: Bielefeld University, 2013.
Mertes, M.: Primary sensory processing of visual and olfactory signals in the bumblebee brain. Bielefeld University, Bielefeld (2013).
Mertes, Marcel. Primary sensory processing of visual and olfactory signals in the bumblebee brain. Bielefeld: Bielefeld University, 2013.
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text: A 2-D tidal current and sediment mathematical model for Meishan waterway sea area is established on the basis of analyzing the measured data. After flow and sediment motion verification， the model is applied to calculate and analyse the changes of the tidal current and the erosion-siltation variation caused by the anchorage shelter project under typical spring-neap tide conditions. The research results show that the flood and ebb tidal volume in the Meishan waterway constitutes a small percentage of those of the surrounding waterways， bringing no changes of the flow field and sediment balance in the large sea area. Cumulative deposition trend is shown in recirculation and slow-flow region near the proposed two dikes at the south and north waterways because of velocity decreasing, which will give some impacts on the water conservancy facilities located in the adjacent areas. Therefore it is necessary to take protective measures to ensure safe operation of the small sluices and wharfs located in the sea area. The analysis research findings can provide a technical support for the project design and construction.


text:
|Leachable Additives of Tire Particles Explain the Shift in Microbial Community Composition and Function in Coastal Sediments
|additive | coastal sediments | ecological function | microplastics | pore water
|AMER CHEMICAL SOC
|Environmental Science and Technology
Massive microplastics are deposited in the coastal zone. Tire particles (TPs) are an important microplastic source, but little is known about how TPs affect the microbial community composition and function in coastal sediments and the role leachable additives play in TP toxicity. Here, a microcosm experiment was performed using coastal sediments amended with different doses of TPs and with their leachable additives to investigate their effects on the sediment microbial community composition and function. Environmentally relevant concentrations of TPs can change the microbial community structure, decrease community diversity, and inhibit nutrient cycling processes, including carbon fixation and degradation, nitrification, denitrification, and sulfur cycling in sediments. Notably, the raw TP and leachate treatments showed consistent effects. A variety of additives were found in the pore water of sediment, and they could explain over 90% of the variations of the community structure. Further modeling revealed that leachable additives not only directly influenced community function but also indirectly affected community diversity and function by shifting the community structure. In addition, rare taxa could be crucial mediators of ecological functions of sediment microbial community. Combined, this study provides novel insights into the role of TPs' leachable additives in affecting sediment microbial community and function.
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