text:
The Maine Coon cat, known for its majestic size and stunning appearance, is a breed that has captivated cat lovers around the world. With their tufted ears, bushy tails, and impressive physical stature, Maine Coons are often referred to as the gentle giants of the feline world. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of Maine Coon cats, exploring their history, unique characteristics, personality traits, and proper care. We will also debunk common misconceptions and uncover intriguing trivia about these remarkable feline companions. So, whether you are a current Maine Coon owner or simply intrigued by these magnificent creatures, join us on a journey to discover the wonders of the Maine Coon breed.
1. Introduction to the Majestic Maine Coon: A Profile of the Largest Domestic Cat Breed
The Maine Coon is undeniably one of the most majestic and awe-inspiring cat breeds in existence. Known for its impressive size, striking appearance, and friendly demeanor, the Maine Coon is often referred to as the "gentle giant" of the cat world. This breed has a rich history and a unique set of characteristics that make it a favorite among cat enthusiasts.
Originating from the state of Maine in the United States, the Maine Coon is believed to have descended from domestic cats and longhaired cats brought by European seafarers. Its large and sturdy build, tufted ears, and bushy tail are some of the distinct features that set it apart from other breeds. Maine Coons are known for their incredible size, with adult males often weighing between 13 to 18 pounds, and females ranging from 8 to 12 pounds. It is not uncommon for some Maine Coons to reach lengths of up to 40 inches, including their tails.
What truly sets the Maine Coon apart, however, is its friendly and sociable nature. These cats are renowned for their gentle and affectionate disposition, often forming strong bonds with their human companions. They are known to be great with children and other pets, making them excellent family pets.
In terms of appearance, Maine Coons come in a wide variety of colors and patterns, including tabby, tortoiseshell, solid, and even the rare calico. Their dense, water-resistant fur helps them adapt to harsh weather conditions, making them well-suited for both indoor and outdoor environments.
Maine Coons are intelligent and curious cats, always ready to explore their surroundings. They are known for their playful nature, often enjoying interactive toys and games that challenge their mental and physical abilities. This breed is also known for its distinctive chirping or trilling vocalization, which adds to its unique charm.
Though the Maine Coon requires regular grooming to keep its coat looking its best, it is
2. History and Origins: Tracing the Roots of the Maine Coon Cat
The history and origins of the Maine Coon cat can be traced back to the early days of American history. Although there are many myths and legends surrounding this breed, the true origins of the Maine Coon remain somewhat of a mystery.
One popular theory suggests that the Maine Coon is descended from long-haired cats brought to America by European settlers. These cats then bred with local short-haired cats, resulting in a breed that was able to withstand the harsh New England climate. This theory is supported by the fact that the Maine Coon's thick, water-repellent coat and tufted ears are reminiscent of certain European cat breeds.
Another theory suggests that the Maine Coon is a result of crossbreeding between domestic cats and raccoons. This theory, however, is widely discredited as it is biologically impossible for two different species to produce offspring.
One thing that is certain is that the Maine Coon was first recognized as a distinct breed in the late 19th century. It gained popularity as a show cat, winning awards at various cat shows in the United States. The breed's name, "Maine Coon," is believed to have originated from the state of Maine, where this cat was particularly prevalent.
The Maine Coon's popularity waned in the early 20th century with the rise of more exotic cat breeds. However, it experienced a revival in the 1950s when breeders started actively working towards preserving and promoting the breed. Today, the Maine Coon is one of the most popular cat breeds in the United States and worldwide.
Despite its uncertain origins, the Maine Coon is known for its distinctive appearance and friendly nature. With its large size, tufted ears, and bushy tail, it exemplifies the ruggedness and beauty of the American Northeast. Whether it is a product of natural selection or an intentional breeding program, the Maine Coon has certainly captured the hearts of cat lovers everywhere.
3. Unique Characteristics: Exploring the Distinctive Features and Traits of Maine Coons
Maine Coons are known for their distinctive features and traits, which set them apart from other cat breeds. One of the most remarkable characteristics of Maine Coons is their impressive size. They are considered one of the largest domesticated cat breeds, with males weighing between 13 to 18 pounds and females between 8 to 12 pounds. Some exceptional Maine Coons have even reached weights of over 20 pounds. Their large size is accompanied by their long, muscular bodies and sturdy bone structure, making them both powerful and elegant.
Another unique feature of Maine Coons is their stunning coat. They have a thick, water-resistant double coat that comes in a wide array of colors and patterns. From solid colors like black, white, and red to intricate tabby patterns and tortoiseshell combinations, Maine Coons offer a diverse range of coat variations. Their coats also have a luxurious texture, with longer fur on their necks and stomachs, resembling a majestic lion's mane.
Maine Coons are renowned for their tufted ears, which are one of their most distinguishing traits. These lynx-like tufts of hair on the tips of their ears give them a wild and exotic appearance. Additionally, their large, expressive eyes are another remarkable feature. Maine Coons have oval-shaped eyes that can be green, gold, copper, or even blue, depending on their coat color.
One of the most endearing traits of Maine Coons is their friendly and sociable nature. These cats are known for their gentle and affectionate personalities, often seeking attention and companionship from their human family members. They enjoy being around people and are usually good with children and other pets. Maine Coons are also highly intelligent and curious, making them excellent problem solvers and quick learners.
Furthermore, their playful and adventurous nature makes them great companions for families who enjoy an active lifestyle. Maine Coons are often compared to dogs due to their love for interactive games and their willingness to walk on a
4. Maine Coon Personality: Understanding the Temperament and Behavior of these Gentle Giants
Maine Coon cats, often referred to as gentle giants, are known for their friendly and affectionate personalities. Despite their large size, they possess a sweet and gentle nature that is hard to resist. Understanding the temperament and behavior of Maine Coons can help owners provide the best care and environment for these magnificent felines.
One of the most distinctive traits of Maine Coons is their sociability. They are extremely people-oriented and enjoy being an integral part of the family. Maine Coons are often described as "dog-like" due to their loyalty and willingness to follow their human companions around the house. They thrive on human interaction and are known to form strong bonds with their owners.
Maine Coons are also famous for their intelligence. They are curious cats who love to explore their surroundings and engage in interactive play. These cats are highly trainable and can easily learn tricks or respond to commands. Their intelligence combined with their playful nature makes them an excellent choice for families with children or other pets.
Despite their friendly demeanor, Maine Coons are not overly demanding or clingy. They are independent cats who enjoy having their own space and freedom. While they love attention and affection, they are also content with alone time and can entertain themselves with toys or exploring their surroundings.
Another noteworthy characteristic of Maine Coons is their adaptability. They are known for being well-suited to different living environments, including apartments and houses. Additionally, they tend to get along well with other pets, making them a great choice for multi-pet households. Their laid-back nature allows them to adjust easily to new situations or changes in their routine.
Additionally, Maine Coons have a gentle and patient demeanor, which makes them excellent companions for children. They are generally tolerant of being handled and are not easily provoked. Their calm and easygoing nature makes them great family pets for households with younger kids.
In conclusion, the Maine Coon's personality is one of its most endearing qualities. These gentle giants are sociable,
5. Caring for Your Maine Coon: Tips and Advice on Proper Nutrition, Grooming, and Exercise
Proper care and attention are crucial for keeping your Maine Coon healthy and happy. Here are some essential tips and advice on nutrition, grooming, and exercise to help you provide the best care for your beloved feline friend.
Maine Coons are known for their large size, and they require a diet that supports their growth and energy levels. Choose high-quality cat food that is specifically formulated for Maine Coons or large breeds. Look for a balanced diet that includes a good amount of protein, essential fatty acids, and vitamins. Avoid overfeeding, as obesity can lead to various health issues. Consult your veterinarian for personalized dietary recommendations based on your cat's age, weight, and overall health.
Maine Coons have a long, thick coat that requires regular grooming to prevent matting and keep it in good condition. Brush your Maine Coon at least once a week using a high-quality,


How to Do Tombstone Rubbings
by Richard Lupu
with notes by Joel GAzis-SAx
I am really just an amateur, but I have found that rubbings are a beautiful form of art. It is a fairly easy and inexpensive hobby that is a wonderful way to learn about history. There are some basic rules you should follow and some tools you need to get started.
If you plan on doing rubbings of your family or relatives then some of these wont apply. I like to rub very old tombstones. They have a certain charm about them.
 1. Many cemeteries are private property. Be sure and ask before you start rubbing tombstones. Trespassing fines are not cheap. Many do not understand what rubbing is or have ever heard of it.
 2. Treat each tombstone as if it were your own mother's. Somebody loves these people and old tombstones can be delicate.
 3. Make sure and clean off all marks accidently left on tombstones. Leave the cemetery cleaner than when you got there.
 4. If it is a private cemetery or a municipal cemetery, don't rub at night. Your actions will most certainly be mistaken by local law officials. You would think this would not have to be mentioned but a friend of mine wanted to get some rubbings done when he got off of work one night. Bail is not cheap either.
 1. A soft brush. The kind you might use to polish your shoes work well. A tooth brush is also a good thing to bring.
 2. Paper, White or rice paper works best. I like rice paper. It has a really nice feel to it and can be surprisingly strong.¹
 3. Black or gray chalk. I like chalk, it can be messy but if you're careful it makes a very nice texture. Flat black crayons and rubbing wax are the most common, but I still like chalk.²
 4. Scissors or exacto knife.
 5. Masking tape or painters tape
 6. Small spray bottle and a soft absorbent rag.
 7. If you use chalk you will need Chalk spray. Krylon makes the best.³
Once you have found a nice tombstone you need to make sure it is clean. Use the soft brush and remove dirt and debris from the surface. Be gentle, and respectful, if the it looks as if you might scratch the tombstone then move on.
After you get most of the dirt off spray it with the bottle and then wipe with the rag. Let the tombstone become perfectly dry before you go on. Cut the paper larger than the tombstone itself and wrap tightly aroundthe stone. Tape it very securely so that it doesn't move, if the paper moves when you start rubbing you will probably have to start over.
Start rubbing on the outside edges and make yourself a frame of sorts. You don't need to rub real hard, you can always make it darker by going back over it but you can never make it lighter. You should start to see the patterns emerging at this point.
Once you have the darkness down to you liking carefully spray the paper down with the Chalk spray. Be careful not to get any on the tombstone. When it is dry you can remove it and trim it in the shape of the stone or leave a border around it. This is all there is to it. Practice with it and develop your own style.
I live in Texas and have found a couple of old cemeteries that are all but abandoned. The dates on a lot of these date back to the late 1800's. If you also live in Texas, E-mail me ( and I will give you directions.
Remember the respect you show now will ensure that tombstone rubbing will always be looked at as a way to preserve history and not as vandalism.
Caretaker's Notes
¹Rice paper was recommended by nearly all the Caretaker's advisors on this page. Butcher paper was mentioned as a cheaper substitute. I had a bad experience with a grainy drawing paper. Smooth surfaces work much better than grainy ones, though you may decide otherwise.
²In my experience, chalk was a bit messy. Other contributors suggested using charcoal. You can also use ink if you follow the method used in China for making stone rubbings.
³There's an alternative to Krylon and that is hairspray -- "the cheapest you can find" as one advisor put it.
Copyright 1996 by Richard Lupu and Joel GAzis-SAx.
The Caretaker also wishes to thank Lydia Thompson, Carolanne Szoke, and other contributors to alt.society.funerary for their tips.
Do you have samples of your own rubbings? Send me a gif or jpg.
I will display your best work.
Return to City of the Silent
Visit Inscriptions
Do Virtual Rubbings Using Impressionist (JAVA Req.)
Write to the Caretaker (


What Happens in the Amygdala... Damage to Brain's Decision-Making Area May Encourage Dicey Gambles
Individuals with amygdala damage are more likely to lay a risky bet
Imagine you've lost your job. You have some money saved, and a chance to double it with a gamble. But if you lose the bet, you'll forfeit everything. What would you do?
Most people would not gamble their savings, according to Benedetto De Martino of California Institute of Technology, author of a study published February 8 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. People tend to choose avoiding losses over acquiring gains—a behavior known as loss-aversion.
But people with damage to the amygdala—an almond-shaped part of the brain involved in emotion and decision-making—are more likely to take bigger risks with smaller potential gains, De Martino's study found. Two women with bilateral amygdala damage showed a dramatic reduction in loss aversion compared with age-matched control subjects on a series of experimental gambles, despite understanding full well the values and risks involved.
De Martino already suspected that the amygdala was crucial for loss-aversion based on earlier studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). But these two rare cases with damage to the very structure in question allowed De Martino to directly test his hypothesis. "In functional MRI, you never know if the response is reflecting something else. With the amygdala injury, you have an on "off" response," De Martino says.
Whereas healthy control subjects who stood to win $20 but lose $15 were less likely to gamble than if they stood to win $50 but lose only $10, the two patients with amygdala damage were much less affected by the disparity between potential gains and losses. In some cases, they chose to gamble even when the potential losses outweighed the potential gains.
The concept of loss-aversion can be applied to many things. Take, for example, someone considering elective surgery. The more serious the possible complications—not matter how unlikely—the less likely he or she is to proceed. But De Martino is especially interested in how loss-aversion applies to money. "My dream would be an economic theory that could capture the complexities of human behavior, based on real people and real brains rather than assumptions," he explains. De Martino's field of study is aptly named neuroeconomics. "It is a more biological view of social science," he says. "A lot of economic theorists think about humans as machines and forget about emotional processing."
In previous work, De Martino showed that amygdala damage makes people behave more like these theoretical machines. "Strangely enough, people with damage to the emotional system are, paradoxically, more rational in making certain types of decisions. Their decisions don't take into account any emotional processing."
Interestingly, the older of the two women not only lacked loss-aversion, she was even loss-seeking. This difference between the two women was mirrored by differences between their age-matched controls. "As you get older, you get less loss-averse," De Martino says, explaining that even the older control subjects were less fearful of loss. "Your perspective on life changes because you have fewer years to live." This effect could stem from age-related reductions in the volume of the amygdala—as we age, our brains shrink. De Martino says in addition to age, other factors such as income and education are also at play.
The amygdala damage did not appear to affect risk-aversion—a similar behavior with an important difference. People who are risk-averse are less likely to take chances even when they have nothing to lose.
Whereas loss-aversion might sound abstract to an economist, De Martino says, it probably reflects a very ancient mechanism in the brain. "Think about an animal. It has to get food, but at the same time it has to protect itself from predators. It would be very wise for an animal to weigh gains and losses from an evolutionary perspective." Although a long time has passed since humans had to worry about predators, financial well-being is necessary for survival in the modern world, albeit more abstractly. De Martino's study suggests that the amygdala—known to be involved in processing fear—may make us afraid to risk losing money. "It may be that the amygdala controls a very general biological mechanism for inhibiting risky behavior when outcomes are potentially negative," De Martino says.
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text:
, LC uses letter to denote the main class mark for Law, double capital letters for sub-classes, Arabic numerals for further — divisions, and cutter numbers for specificity. The outline of the schedule for LAW is provided below.
K - Law in General, comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence. Second Schedule: Sub class K.
KA - Law of the United Kingdom and Ireland
KDZ, KG-KH: Law of Americas, Latin America and the West Indies
KE: Law of Canada
KF: Law of the United States
KJ - KK2: Law of Europe
KJV - KJW: Law of France
KK - KKC: Law of Germany
KL - KWX: Law of Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Area, and Antarctica
K2: Law of Nations
K Tables: Form Division Tables for Law
A cursory look at the coverage of law by LC reveals detailness and indept coverage. The main class 'K', published in a separate schedule treats all subjects in Law (Advocacy, Banking, Equity, Conflicts etc). The subclass K treats the Laws of various continents, regions, and countries of the world. As such, LC treatment of law can be considered adequate. The classes are expansive, the use of cutter number, and form Division Tables guarantee specificity for information sources being classified. Furthermore, wide acceptability of the scheme provide benefits of resources sharing, cooperative classification, and Union catalogue.
C. Moys classification Scheme
Moys classification scheme for law books was devised based in part on existing Classification Schemes, LC and DDC to express the unique characters of law collections and their categories. The scheme was written by Elizabeth Moys as a thesis to substitute the missing class K for law materials in the Library of Congress Classification, and to improve on the provisions for Law Collections by Dewey Decimal Classification.
Moys incorporates both enumerative number building concepts of LC and faceted theory of DDC. The scheme adopted a different way of organizing legal materials due to the difficulty associated with mixing primary and secondary law collections. The scheme organized law collections into primary law, secondary law, law reference and law journals.
LC and DDC keep jurisdiction of various countries strictly separated, usually arranged by continent. Moys treat the countries whose legal systems are based almost entirely on the common law (England, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, United States etc.) as part of one legal system and all other jurisdictions as separate legal systems. Within each legal system, materials and divided into primary sources arranged by form: Legislation, Law reports, etc; and secondary sources arranged by subject.
The outline of the scheme is provided below:
General and non-national legal system
K Journals and reference books 340.01-9
KB General and comparative law 340.1
KC International Law 341
KD Religious Legal Systems 342
KE Ancient and Medieval Law 343
Modem national legal systems
Primary materials 344
KF British Isles
KG Canada, US., West Indies
KH Australia, New Zealand
KL General 345
KM Public Law 346
KN Private Law 347
Other modern legal systems
KP Own country (Optional alternative)
KR Africa 349.6
KS Latin America 349.8
KT Asia and Pacific 349.5
KW European Communities 349.4
KZ Non-legal subjects
The scheme like DDC and LC make use of tables to ensure specificity in the classification of information sources. Specific instructions (notes) on how each table should be used are provided.
The tables are:
Table I Primary materials
II Subjects of Law
IV Common Law Jurisdiction
VI Special legal forms and topics
VIII Non-legal forms and treatments
IX European Communities Law
In addition to these tables, the scheme has appendices on Criminology, Nigerian States, their historical periods, and cutter numbers from the index of Jurisdictions.
Notation and Index
Moys scheme has two complete alternative system of notation: Library of Congress-style (K) and 340, decimal-style system. This style of notation provides opportunity for law libraries to choose either of the notations, and still enjoy the benefits of the scheme.
The scheme has a subject index to the schedule. The index is both specific and relative. Specific index gives only topics while relative index gives topics with their interrelations with topics. The index of the scheme is referred to as "Index-thesaurus", because it combines the quality of thesaurus with index. The thesaurus terms used in the index are:
RT - Related term
SN - Scope not
UF - Use for
Appraisal of DDC, LC and Moys, in relation to Classification of Law Collections
The three schemes discussed in this discourse made provision for law collections. DDC provision is planned, articulated and futuristic, unlike LC that was based on the existing collections of a Library. LC scheme is published in separate schedules by subject and despite several reviews, some parts are not yet complete. For example Class K for Law (Aina 2003). The class was first published in the year 1960. Moys scheme was developed to provide for the shortcoming arising from the treatment of law collections by DDC and LC.
Law Collections comprise legal information sources that are dynamic, frequently published, and in serial forms, because law is regarded as a growing discipline. A classification that recognize the peculiarity of the nature of the law collection is Moys. While other schemes treat legal publications from subject perspectives, Moys organizes law collections by their nature and jurisdiction that is primary sources, secondary sources, and Law Reference and Law Journals. This approach facilitates easy access to Law and legal publications of a country needed by the users. In Nigeria's case, the scheme provides an appendix on legal information sources emanating from Nigerian States, from independence to date.
Presentation of Classification Schemes determines their respective ease of use. DDC is presented in four volumes with separate index; LC is published in separate schedules, about 47 schedules. (Each schedule has its relative index). Moys is available in a one-volume publication, its introductory matters, schedule, Tables, index of Jurisdictions, Index-Thesaurus are published in one volume. This presentation make the scheme easy to use in classifying legal information sources. The scheme is more compact than DDC and LC.
The notations of Moys are more Unique as it combines the notation method of LC with that of DDC. The scheme provides the notation of an information source by LC on the left hand side and by DDC on the right handside. For example,
KA Jurisprudence 3401
KC International Law 341
This provision provides opportunity for law libraries to choose from the two notation methods. In the case of academic law libraries, it permits integration with other classification scheme used in organizing other resources of the institution.
Specialized classification scheme facilitates consortium building among special libraries. As such, libraries that intends entering into a consortium will only do so with libraries using the same classification scheme. This will ensure that once a publication has been classified by any member of the consortium, there will be no need by any of the cooperating libraries to repeat the classification whenever it acquires such (Nwalo 2006). Moys Scheme has been adopted as Classification Scheme for law Worldwide. Many academic law libraries in Nigeria are using the scheme to organize their resources.
Availability and affordability of Classification Scheme is a factor in determining the choice of a Classification Scheme. Affordability has to do with the ability of a law library to acquire the Scheme, and availability has to do with the ease of acquiring it. Out of the three schemes, DDC is the most affordable and available in Nigeria. A set of DDC is available in Nigerian market for a sum of NI 20,000.00 only, and the scheme is widely used. LC is available in some bookshops on order from the Library of Congress in the USA. The cost is very prohibitive and beyond the reach of many libraries in Nigeria. A set costs about $30,000.00 (U.S. Dollars) to acquire. Moys is relatively more available in Nigerian book markets, and in use by many academic law libraries. A Library that can not afford one can make photocopies from the Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (NIALS), Lagos, or can go into cooperation with the NIALS Library. From the issues raised above, we can conclude that the three schemes are relatively suitable and convenient for law collections but, Moys is more suitable than the other two due to some inherent qualities it has over them.
The roles of classification schemes in effective organisatioin of law collections is crucial. They are the basis of class numbers of information sources, that form essential component of bibliographic data that facilitate access to the collection of a law library. In addition, classification schemes facilitate:
Aina L.O. (2003) Library and Information Science Text for Africa Ibadan: Sam Adex.
Edoka, B.E. (2000) Introduction to Library Science Onitsha: Palma Publishing and Links
FLICK, E (1997) "Web Watch" Library Journal Vol 22 (No. 10) pp. 31-32.
Library of Congress Classification Class K (1998 edition, prepaid by the Cataloguing Policy and Support Office, Library Services. Washington D.C.: Library of Congress, Cataloguing Distribution Service.
Dewey (1996) Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, 21st edition. New York: Forest Press
Moys, Elizabeth M. (1982) Moys Classification Scheme for Law Books. London: Butterworth's.
Nwalo K.I.N. (2006) The Role of Classification Scheme in consortium Building.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: The development of a two-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo program for pressure boundaries using unstructured cells and its applications to typical micro-scale gas flows are described. For the molecular collision kinetics, variable hard sphere molecular model and no time counter collision sampling scheme are used, while the cell-by-cell particle tracing technique is implemented for particle movement. The program has been verified by comparison of simulated equilibrium collision frequency with theoretical value and by comparison of simulated non-equilibrium profiles of one-dimensional normal shock with previous reported work. Applications to micro-scale gas flows includes micro-manifold, micro-nozzle and slider air bearing. The aim is to further test the treatment of pressure boundaries, developed previously by the first author, by particle flux conservation for gas flows involving many exits, complicated geometries and moving boundaries. For micro-manifold gas flows, excellent mass flow conservation between the inlet and two exits is obtained at low subsonic flows. For micro-nozzle gas flows, with fixed inlet pressure, the mass flow rate increases with decreasing pressure ratio (exit to inlet), but remains essentially the same at pressure ratios much lower than that obtained by continuum inviscid analysis. For higher specified pressure ratios, the locations of maximum Mach number moves further downstream as the pressure ratio decreases; while, for lower specified pressure ratios, the Mach number increases all the way through the nozzle to the exit. Eventually, supersonic speed is observed at the exit for pressure ratios equal to or less than 0.143. Finally, for slider air bearing gas flows of the computer hard drive, the simulated gas pressures, at different rotating speeds, agree very well with previous studies. However, there exists strong translational non-equilibrium in the gas flows at the high rotating speeds. The applicability of the treatment of pressure boundaries using the equilibrium Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function is discussed in terms of the magnitude of the local Knudsen number at the pressure boundary for micro-nozzles and slider air bearing applications.


SMWCon Spring 2015
smartMediaWiki - smart extension of SMW
Talk details
Description: Extending Semantic Media Wiki in smart ways
Speaker(s): Wolfgang Fahl
Slides: see here
Type: Talk, Presentation, Regular talk
Audience: Everyone
Length: minutes
Video: not available
Give feedback
 - SMW has lots of features.
 - SMW is complicated.
 - SMW can be very useful.
smartMediaWiki is an approach to get extended results from the use of SMW. The goals are:
 - simplicity
 - staying on the problem side
 - allowing to specify the problem in a way that SMW results can be derived "right there in the wiki".
At SMWCon Spring 2015 smartMediaWiki is presented on all three days:
 1. on the first day there will be a tutorial which is not about smartMediaWiki but is using it for educational purposes to explaing concepts of the semantic web
 2. on the second day there is a talk on smartMediaWiki itself
 3. on the third day there is the option to meet with people interested in applying the smartMediaWiki approaches and dive into details
1st day Tutorial[edit]
see Introduction to Semantic_Concepts
. This is a tutorial for people generally interested in using Semantic Mediawiki and learning more about the background of it.
 - What does Semantic Web mean?
 - What is a semantic wiki?
 - How is semantic data stored in a semantic wiki?
 - What are triples?
 - How do i query data?
 - What import and export options are there?
 - How do I present query results?
2nd day smartMediaWiki talk[edit]
 - Why is a smart approach to using SMW necessary?
 - What is smartMediaWiki?
 - How does it work?
 - What can I do with it?
3rd day smartMediaWiki meeting[edit]
Meeting with people interested in applying the smartMediaWiki approaches and dive into details.
About the Speaker[edit]
Wolfgang Fahl is founder and owner of BITPlan, Germany. He teaches Softwarearchitecture but is also involved with software development projects a lot. Wolfgang has been using MediaWikis since 2007. He was e.g. involved with during his Newzealand Sabbatical in 2008.
You'll find Wolfgang on the web at:


text:
Marking routes for smooth freight and city logistics
The measure aimed at reducing the impact of heavy freight transport connected to the Old City Harbour in the city centre of Tallinn. This was done by working out an optimal freight route from the Old City Harbour to the national road network, installing a new guidance sign system and making freight routes for GPS car navigation systems.
Implementing sustainable mobility
The measure aimed at reducing the impact of heavy freight transport connected to the Old City Harbour in the city centre of Tallinn. This was done by:
- Working out an optimal route (instead of several possible routes) from the Old City Harbour to the main motorways of the national road network;
- Installing a new guidance sign system guiding to and through the route (marked with arrows next to the streets on the Figure 2);
- Creating routes for GPS car navigation systems and making them available for free download;
- Disseminating the information on the route and availability of the GPS navigation routes with posters and booklets.
For working out the one optimal route all possible routes to different directions were mapped and analyzed. After the optimal route was agreed, a new guidance sign system was designed and installed in Tallinn and on the Tallinn ring road. The system contained both guidance signs and advance guidance signs. The route connecting the harbour to the main national road network (including international routes E20, E67 and E263).
The routes for GPS navigation were created in Garmin (.gpx file) and TomTom (.itn file) formats as separate files for navigating from St Petersburg (Russia) or Pärnu (Estonia) directions to the Old City Harbour terminals A, B and C. The files (8 for both formats) are available for free download from easily accessible links _URL_ and _URL_ The formats are the most used for navigating devices and can also be used in other brand devices directly or after converting.
The measure was implemented in the following stages:
Stage 1: Preparation (2009 - June 2010) – Study on the existing routes from the national highway networks to the Old City Harbour and existing legislation on national and municipal level. Negotiations with mapping services providers for creating the route for vehicle navigation systems.
Stage 2: Implementation of the guidance sign system (June 2010 – December 2010) – Planning, designing and installation of the signs on the decided route. While most of the guidance sign system was installed by November 2010, an important advance guidance sign on the Tallinn ring road (the first sign guiding from the ring road to the new route) was installed in spring 2011.
Stage 3: Creation of routes for GPS navigation systems (April 2011 – June 2011) Creating the routes for different navigation systems.
Stage 4: Preparations for dissemination (July 2011 – March 2012) – Designing of the posters for truck drivers, creation of the webpage on the Tallinn website.
Stage 5: Dissemination of the information (March 2012 – June 2012) – Distribution of the posters for truck drivers.
The innovative aspects of the measure are:
- New conceptual approach - dealing with the general concept of freight transport route marking between national road network, urban street network and Old City Harbour.
- Targeting specific user groups – this measure is targeting freight transport with a number of different technical solutions to be used: starting with regular street and road signing, but including also digital mapping used in modern navigation in-vehicle systems and printed materials to be distributed on ferries and at harbours.
- Use of new technology – the measure is about finding new ways to get the routing data specifically to truck drivers' in-vehicle electronic GPS-based navigation systems.
The evaluation was concentrated on finding out truck drivers' awareness and acceptance on the solutions provided with the measure. The indicators were measured with a 14 day survey with 498 truck drivers participating. In addition the number of GPS route downloads was used as an indicator.
The key results from the measure were following:
- Awareness on the measure: 40% of the interviewed truck drivers have noticed the new guidance sign system installed with the measure;
- Acceptance on the measure: 31% of the interviewed truck drivers consider that the new guidance sign system has been useful for them.
- Number of page visits to the Tallinn heavy goods vehicles web pages: The number of visits was 167 times from the Estonian language page and 60 times from the English language page.
- The number of downloads of GPS navigation routes was 188 times for TomTom format and 129 times for Garmin format.
The most important driver encountered during the measure was:
Accurate technical planning and analysis to determine requirements of measure implementation helped the implementation process.
Recommendations for measure replication:
- The traditional part of the measure is easily replicable – the traditional guidance sign system can be improved in any city, if there are suitable routes to guide to.
- The GPS route part of the measure is easily replicable – GPS navigation routes can easily be created, they are inexpensive to create and have virtually no expenses for holding them on a website.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


News & Resources
Revenue Recognition Contracts: Part 4
A continuation of our Revenue Recognition Contracts series, this final article addresses steps 4 and 5 of the new revenue recognition model: allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations and recognizing revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied.
Step 4. Allocate the Transaction Price
The fourth step of FASB Codification Topic 606 newly created revenue recognition model addresses allocating the transaction price (determined in step 3) to the separate performance obligations (determined in step 2). The intent in allocating the transaction price to the individual performance obligations is to assign each performance obligation an amount of consideration that the entity would expect to be entitled for fulfilling that portion of the contract.
In the simplest scenario where the contract only contains one performance obligation, the transaction price is entirely allocated to the identified performance obligation.
Standalone selling price
When a contract contains multiple performance obligations, additional considerations are necessary to determine a proper allocation of the transaction price to those performance obligations. Topic 606 requires the allocation be completed using the relative standalone selling prices for the performance obligations. Standalone selling prices are defined in the Codification as the "price that an entity would sell a good or service to a customer if the good or service was being sold on its own."
In many instances, standalone selling prices are easily observable. However, when the standalone selling price is not directly observable, an entity will need to estimate it. Topic 606 permits any estimation method, as long as the method is reasonable and consistently applied, but also explicitly mentions three common methods that may be used:
 - Adjusted market assessment approach – this approach considers market conditions by estimating what a customer in that market would be willing to pay for the goods and services. This approach would be easiest when an entity has experience selling within a market, and of course more complex when selling an entirely new good or service due to difficulty in anticipating market demand. The Codification also notes this approach might include referring to competitor pricing for similar goods and services and adjusting the estimate as appropriate.
 - Expected cost plus a margin approach - in this estimation method, an entity would estimate the costs it expects to incur when completing a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin.
 - Residual approach – this method involves using the relative standalone selling price when observable for certain of the performance obligations, and assigning the residual of the total transaction price to the other performance obligations. This method is only permitted in two instances: a.) when there is a broad range of standalone selling prices because they are highly variable, or b.) the entity hasn't established a price for a particular good or service. Therefore, it is expected the use of this method will not be as prevalent.
If the sum of the standalone selling prices of the performance obligations in the contract exceeds the total contract transaction price, a discount is implicit in the contract. Under Topic 606, the Codification requires the discount be allocated proportionately to all of the individual performance obligations, unless an entity can justify that the discount is not related to certain of the performance obligations. In that instance, the entity may allocate the discount to only those goods or services to which it relates.
Exhibit 1 – Allocating the transaction price to multiple performance obligations, with a discount:
XYZ Company enters into a contract with a customer to sell Widget A and B, along with providing Service C, for a total contract price of $350. The performance obligations associated with each widget and service will be satisfied at different points in time. XYZ Company regularly sells Widget A separately, for a standalone selling price of $150. Widget B and Service C do not have observable standalone selling prices. XYX Company estimates the standalone selling prices as the following:
selling price
Widget A $ 150 Directly observable
Widget B 75 Adjusted market assessment approach
Service C 225 Expected cost plus a margin approach
 $ 450
Because the total contract price ($350) is less than the sum of the standalone selling prices ($450), the customer received a discount for purchasing the bundled goods and services. Lacking evidence that the discount only relates to certain of the performance obligations, the discount is allocated proportionately amongst all of the performance obligations, as follows:
transaction price
Widget A $ 117 ($150 / $450 x $350)
Widget B 58 ($75 / $450 x $350)
Service C 175 ($225 / $450 x $350)
 $ 350
Other considerations
Because not all instances of allocating the transaction price to performance obligations are straight-forward, the Codification also provides guidance on how to address the following circumstances:
 - Variable consideration – once variable consideration has been estimated in Step 3 of the revenue recognition model, an entity will need to consider under Step 4 whether variable consideration should be allocated to all of the performance obligations, or to one or more specific performance obligations. This differs from prior revenue recognition requirements because variable consideration was neither estimated or allocated to the transaction price, and therefore the new model results in earlier revenue recognition in many situations. Additional information on how to estimate the transaction price of variable consideration under step 3 is further addressed in Part III of our Revenue Recognition Contracts series.
 - Changes in the transaction price – if the transaction price changes after the inception of the contract, an entity must allocate the difference in the old and new transaction price to the separate performance obligations. This must be done on the same basis that was used to initially allocate the transaction price. In some situations, certain of the performance obligations may have already been satisfied when the transaction price changes. If that is the case, the additional revenue from the change in transaction price should be recognized into revenue in the period that the transaction price changed.
Step 5. Recognize Revenue when (or as) Performance Obligations are Satisfied
Under the new revenue recognition model, an entity will recognize revenue under Step 5 only upon completion of a performance obligation as identified in the contract. The key to determining when a performance obligation has been satisfied is whether or not the customer has obtained control of the promised good or service. In addition, to allow for proper revenue recognition, consideration needs to be made on whether control was transferred as of a point in time, or over time.
Over time
As provided by Topic 606, the following criteria give rise to recognition over time, if any of the following are met:
 - The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the entity's performance as the entity performs (for example, most routine or recurring service contracts)
 - The entity's performance creates/enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created/enhanced (for example, building an asset on a customer's site)
 - The entity's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the entity, and the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date (for example, building a specialized asset only the customer can use)
If it is determined revenue should be recognized over time, it is necessary to identify how to measure the progress towards fulfilling the performance obligation. Estimation methods utilizing either output or input criteria are acceptable, but the chosen method should appropriately depict the transfer of control of the good or service to the customer. Examples of some commonly used output methods include units produced or milestones reached, while examples of input methods may include costs incurred or labor hours.
Exhibit 2 – Recognition of revenue over time
ABC Company enters into a contract with a customer to build specialized equipment for $100,000. ABC Company has no alternative use for the specialized equipment. In addition, per the contract provisions, the customer may take immediate ownership of the work-in-process in the event the contract is cancelled.
ABC Company would recognize revenue associated with this contract over time (as the equipment is being constructed). This contract meets two criteria for recognition in this manner: a.) the customer controls the asset as it is created and b.) the equipment has no alternative use to ABC Company. Because recognition will occur over time, ABC Company must select a method to measure progress. In this instance, an input method based on actual costs incurred in relation to total estimated costs would be an appropriate manner to estimate progress. The resulting allocation ratio would be applied to the total contract price of $100,000 to calculate the amount of revenue to be recognized each period until the contract is completed.
At a point in time
If an entity cannot demonstrate one of the above criteria have been met for recognition over time, they need to determine the proper point in time to recognize revenue, when control has been transferred to the customer. As described in the Codification, the following are indicators that control has transferred:
 - The entity has a present right to payment for the asset
 - The customer has legal title to the asset
 - Physical possession of the asset has transferred to the customer
 - The customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset
 - The customer has accepted the asset
Contracts that were recognized as of a point in time under prior guidance may now require recognition over time, resulting in earlier revenue recognition in many cases.
Other considerations
The standard includes guidance addressing revenue recognition matters associated with:
 - Repurchase agreements
 - Bill-and-hold arrangements
 - Consignment arrangements
 - Warranties
 - Licenses of intellectual property and royalties
 - Principal vs. agent reporting
While the effective date for the new revenue recognition standard becomes effective for non-public entities for years beginning after December 15, 2018 (i.e. 2019 calendar year), it is not too early to begin preparing for proper implementation.


text:
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
Site mobilization is the process of allocate staff, install equipment and materials at the construction site and it's about how to manage it. Construction process planning is the most important manner to be considered in any processes. The construction processes can be efficiently work and done punctually by an effective planning. Site mobilisation must get the permission from Dewan Bandaraya before the construction can be carry on. The 2 aspects that compose site mobilization are closely related and must be work properly together. They are field site support and personnel factors.
Field site support:
It is necessary nowadays to have communication devices that make information are building up and transmitting intelligence that will meet the requirements of the site. Communication should occur especially between project managers to the suppliers. So that the raw materials are truly or systematically arrange to the site. This communication can be done in various ways such as by voice, information reports by utilizing data such as by telephone or by faxed. The condition nowadays in Malaysia, it is not the issues about the communication problems occur although in the inner area because of technology ware extended widely.
Transportation is the main idea that should be considered. It is necessary to have good planning to make sure every movement inside and outside the construction area managed properly and not cause jammed. Every elements and raw materials need to be transfer from the supplier to the construction site. Also, the vehicles such as builder plants and equipments should be run properly and efficiently at the site.
Its purpose is to supply electricity to the site so that works on site can be done easily due to most equipments require electric. Power supply that is convenient for site should be gasoline/diesel operated generators. The electric will not only help the site equipments to be functional, but also lights for darkness, for office uses such as computers, air conditions, etc.
It is necessary to have planning before any heavy material going to use for the construction. The cost, size of the equipment, importance, work scopes and whatever necessary should be think first. It is not easy to bring and install any heavy equipment and it is involved big amount of money and also big value of money.
Workshop is the place where the labour or the construction workers done their works such as woodworking shop and metal shop. This workspace can be combined and maybe separated each other based on the space at the construction site.
Water must be provided to the site either from brought in truck or pumped from rivers/lake nearby the site location. The water system must be properly install and maintain. The water should also be analyze and treated from bacteria/germs and be free from any chemical substance or poisoning stuff. There are many purposes the water is used in construction process such as watering the floor to avoid the flyaway dust, for the concrete mixture, and also for the usage of the workers or labours.
Fire protection and first aid facilities
Fire fighting equipment must be prepared and sufficient at the site. This could be use for any emergency at the site. For examples, fire extinguisher, water resource and carbon dioxide tanks. First aid kit also must to be prepared at the site for any injuries that might occur at the site. For 5 to 50 workmen on the site, a first aid boxes must provided on the site. As for more than 50 workmen, a first aid room and a person trained in first aid must be provided on site.
Food is the most importance elements for the workers for their energy. As the contractor, they should take the responsibility to make sure their workers are in best conditions and healthy situation. The food should be supplied anytime applicable also with the drinking water for them. If the site is near to the food stall or restaurants, that is not become the big problem. But when the construction site is far from any human activities, the contractor should think about it.
Housing for labour is also to be build if the labours are instructed to stay at site. Enough room for accommodation is important. Maximum and minimum labour and site staff numbers must be assessed so that the optimum facilities can be provided to satisfy the safety, health and welfare Acts and Regulations, and to conform to the agreements incorporated in the appropriate Working Rule Agreements. For labours, canteen and rest room, drying room, first-aid room, and toilets and washing facilities should best be provided.
The construction site itself is the dangerous area. Many accidents occur and there are involving many labours. So, it is necessary to have medical facilities and maybe the experiences doctor can comes to treat the workers. First aid should be bought to the site to prepare the unnecessary and emergency things that going to be occurring.
2.) Discuss the project site layout plan in relation to site efficiency (material, labour and machineries)
By referring to the plan in the appendix, the site efficiency for new faculty construction site is not at its best performance and efficient. There are some reasons for this statement:
Large turning circle for heavy vehicles are not provided at the site. This will make delivery of materials with heavy large vehicles a bit difficult to make a turning and exit.
Hoardings are built, this means no admittance. But the hoardings at the site are not properly covering the construction site. There are holes and gaps between the hoardings which can be entered by trespassers.
Security guards are not assigned to secure the perimeter of the site. Security measures are a bit low on the site.
The temporary site office is located near to the construction area, this will cause disturbance to the staffs working in the office.
The toilets on the site are not separated by gender. It is not convenient for the female staffs.
However, there are some advantages of this site:
The accommodation is far from the storage facilities, which means far from flammable items.
Accommodation and resting area are near to the construction area.
Storage facilities should be near to the entrance so that transfers of materials from delivery vehicles are easier. In the site, the storage rooms are near to the entrance and the construction area.
The machinery parking area is near to the entrance. So, the machines can easily enter to the construction site and exit. Besides that, the parking area is near to the construction area and it is very convenient to move the machines to there.
The site has proper footpath and road surfaces.
The site has an open sump which uses to wash the tyres of the vehicles entered before exit.
3.) Describe any improvement methods in improving the said site.
Due to the site inefficiency stated in answer 2, we can carry out some improvements to bring out a better construction site. Based on the surface area of the site, we cannot make a large turning circle but there is another way. The width of the road can be increase so that the heavy large vehicles can make a turning more easily and exit.
The problem of holes and gaps between the hoardings can be solved easily. It can be solved by re-establish the hoardings. The hoardings need to be arrange packed and uniformly so that no holes and gaps between the hoardings.
The low security measures of construction site may become a serious problem. The security booth only set up at the entrance. It may be dangerous due to the loose guard such as suffer loss by theft. However, the surface area of this site not allows a second set up of the security booth. But this problem can be solved by frequently and effectively patrol of security guards.
Next, the disturbance to the staffs working in the office due to the sound pollution of the construction area is quite trouble. The staffs cannot carry out their work properly and peace in the condition of sound pollution. If the temporary site office is build in addition of sound insulation, this problem can be reduce to minimum.
The toilets on the construction site should be separated by gender. This will be more convenient to female staffs because the structure of toilet is different due to the dissimilar demand of female and male. Lastly, a good site mobilization needs to plan by professional site managers. So, in order to carry out a good site mobilization, the client can straight hires a professional site manager or offers some training to the present manager. Besides that, labour skill is very important. Although the skilled labour will demand a higher salary, but it's worth because skilled labour can ensure a good construction site and done the work sharp on time. So, it will prevent unnecessary loss.


text:
use of multimedia in classroom teaching
Application of Wireless sharing in Classroom Teaching
The core of the multimedia classroom is not a tablet computer, which involves cost issues. Most schools still cannot afford this kind of intelligent and efficient classroom. The combination of sub-screens and projectors are more common in traditional multimedia classrooms because there is only one screen.
There are many wireless sharing device on the market, including hardware and software equipment, wired and wireless. How to choose a suitable wireless sharing device, and what mirror method to choose for multimedia classrooms, here is a high-quality choice for you. AWIND wireless presentation system, a wireless sharing device manufacturer that only does business conference room and multimedia classroom.
As a professional wireless sharing manufacturer in the field of business education, AWIND said that the clarity and fluency of the screen sharing is a bit of a loss. In real business meeting rooms and multimedia classrooms, when the presentation is stuck, or the picture is not clear, it is basically cool. What's more, AWIND offers a 15-day free trial, so who knows how to use it in terms of performance, there is nothing to say, if it doesn't work well, it will be returned long ago, right?
二、The wireless sharingfunction meets the current use of multimedia classrooms
The wireless presentation system is more suitable for the current multimedia classroom mainly in terms of functions, such as the more popular functions in the multimedia classroom:
- The screen is reversed and sent back： Whether it is an Android phone/tablet or a computer, the screen is projected on the touch all-in-one computer, and the teacher can directly demonstrate the operation on the big screen. This is for the traditional teachers who can only "bury their heads" in front of the computer. Teaching methods include: a big change.
- Multi-screen interaction： multi-screen interaction between computers, large screens, and mobile phones/tablets allows teachers to get rid of the constraints of the podium and better integrate into students.
- Multi-screen simultaneous display： there are more than one display screen in many classrooms, which can be easily realized through the multi-screen simultaneous display function. Make students see more clearly with more screens.
- Share while shooting: During the shooting process of mobile phones, DV, etc., real-time screen transfer to the big screen makes the experimental classroom instantly different
- Screencasting and saving: Maybe in the conference room, the screencasting saving function is not used much, but in the classroom, it is very practical to save and share the screencasting process to twitter,facebook and other platforms. On the one hand, students do not need to copy notebooks when the teacher is teaching, so that they can better keep up with the teacher's ideas and realize the interaction between teachers and students; on the other hand, after class, students can review and understand more clearly.


Inertia's picture
Tutorials Wishlist
This is a gathering topic for recommendations/requests/contributions of OpenTK Tutorials that should be added. Please keep this sane (noone will port Quake III's source code for a tutorial) and be verbose what the tutorial should achieve, i.e. with that knowledge the reader should end up with after reading the source code.
There's no limit how small or big the tutorial should be, but some things need to be part of a larger tutorial (e.g. load a texture and draw a textured quad - makes little sense separated)
Also note that the tutorials on this list will not necessarily be finished tomorrow, it's more a list of feedback from users to get an idea what is missing and which areas require improvements. Posts like "I second [name]'s suggestion" are very welcome too, as this helps to set priorities! Thank you :)
Free your mind...
Edit: this topic isn't much for discussion of the suggestion's details, so don't be confused if you get no reply. All suggestions will be read and considered.
Don't be afraid to add wishes that might sound trivial or stupid, the tutorials are supposed to help beginners get a good start with OpenTK and without you voicing the problems there cannot be done anything about this.
Comment viewing options
Mincus's picture
Running through a simple game with a tutorials for each part might be a big help.
Wouldn't have to be anything complicated. Something like a pong clone.
For example:
Tutorial 1: 3 coloured rectangles (2 bats, 1 ball) on the screen, no movement, just general "set up and draw" tutorial.
Tutorial 2: Input example, one bat controlled by keyboard, one by mouse. Have the ball moving as well, so basic collision detection.
Tutorial 3: Add textures.
Tutorial 4: Add scores (text/font tutorial).
Tutorial 5: Add sounds for the ball bouncing, maybe losing and possibly music to demonstrate both WAV and OGG loading.
Possibly it could move 3D and maybe move closer to an "air hockey" table at some point.
For VBOs a possible particle generation example might work.
That's a start anyway. I understand that would be a lot of work, but I think the basic idea of adding bits to a simple game is sound.
objarni's picture
I think the build-a-simple-game idea is great!
3d-pong is also a good idea. Or missile attack (cannon protects city from falling bombs/missiles).
I think it is a good idea to keep such a tutorial to the GameWindow style of OpenTK usage, since it is simpler to use than GLControl IMHO.
Basically, to build such a game, you would need the following "mini tutorials":
1. How to initialize / shutdown a GameWindow in OpenTK
2. How to read keyboard input
3. How to read mouse input
4. How to clear screen / swap buffers / draw colored triangles
5. How to generate sound samples and play them
Notice no files apart from OpenTK.dll is needed by any of 1-5. This is good since it saves the beginner lots of hassle.
After the "mini tutorials" have been read through, you might be ready for "3d pong":
6. Building 3d pong
After that, more intricate topics like texturing, WAVs, ogg, performance etcetera things might be added. I think 1-6 will get very many started with OpenTK development!
I don't think physics/modelling/collision detection/design patterns/performance should be adressed by the "basic game tutorial". That's why Pong is the best bet since it is so simple nothing fancy need to be done.
objarni's picture
Here is my previous wish list:
1) Simple VBO usage (two-three triangles are perfect; more and it becomes unecessarily complex)
2) Loading WAV / other supported formats (don't know which are supported)
3) Loading and displaying an image over the screen
4) Displaying Hello World and responding to any key (exits)
5) Using Mouse (moving triangle or something)
6) Going into / out of Fullscreen
Stevo14's picture
As far as I know, number 2 will be really easy. Something like this:
uint bufferID;
uint sourceID;
AL.GenBuffers(out bufferID);
AL.GenSources(out sourceID);
WaveSound FooSound = new WaveSound("Foo.wav");
AL.BindBufferToSource(sourceID, bufferID);
A total of 8 lines of code (including declarations).
objarni's picture
Inertia: how likely are Stevo14's example of being OpenTK's official way of playing a.WAV? The reason I'm asking, is because I might spend some time trying/putting this example up among the tutorials of then.. (or Steve14 maybe you want to do it?)
Inertia's picture
It's really that simple - his code will compile and play a sound. (assuming a valid ALContext, speakers turned on etc.)
You could change AL.BindBufferToSource into
AL.Source( sourceID, ALSourcei.Buffer, (int)bufferID );
(which is done by the AL.Bind helper internally)
AL.Delete* should be called for cleanup of the reserved handles before exiting and there's no error-checking, but that's it.
PlayStatic.cs demonstrates exactly this functionality, why write another example? I'll edit accordingly to work with AudioContext and WaveSound, once 0.9.1 is there.
Edit: Since I've already broken my plan not to comment in this topic, might aswell mention that an "OpenTK sample game" is in the works. It will come with full source code, and a couple of book pages giving insight into the'making of'. There is not only 1 single way to make a game, so it's kinda impossible trying to make it a step-by-step tutorial. The book pages will be more about considerations and choices made rather than trying to explain how to draw a textured quad. It will be a little more complex than pong, in order to deal with performance considerations aswell (after all, OpenTK is built around OpenGL)
objarni's picture
Great news about the sample game!
I prefer online samples / documentation of things, that's why I'm asking for it. IntelliSense (what you've sometimes referred to as 'docu') is great for details / reminders while coding. Example programs are great for demonstrations and testing the library on different platforms.
I thought the topic of this thread was "Tutorials Wishlist"?
Inertia's picture
Well it has been a week, and very few requests for tutorials were posted. If anyone has troubles getting started, it's usually the best approach to search/post in the forum to check if anyone has encounter similar difficulties before.
I prefer a 50 lines source code over a 5 page abstract talk about the problem, so the Source/Examples directory helped me getting started with OpenTK way better than if Fiddler had written a dozen tutorials. Guess it depends if you have an academic or autodidact background.
The VBO tutorial is only so verbose, because the topic is neither covered in the red nor orange book, but it's a really important concept to understand for programming GL. VBO questions were frequently asked at the Tao forums, so it was a good candidate to start with.
The term "book" might be misleading in context with OpenTK, at least I do understand it to be more of a manual for things too complex to deal with through Intellisense (which is imho the best thing that could happen to programmers besides home-pizza-delivery ;) ). It was agreed even before the "book" was created, that we won't bother rephrasing or c&p anything from already available resources.
AstroMag's picture
Here is my wish list:
1) How to get computer Total Physical Memory and Free Physical Memory size in MONO/NET?
2) Geting microphone - output (OpenAL)
Mincus's picture
AstroMag: I don't think getting the memory requirements is within the scope of OpenTK.
However under Windows (not tested this under Mono) you can add the reference "Microsoft.VisualBasic" then use the class "Microsoft.VisualBasic.Devices.ComputerInfo" to get the Total/Free RAM amounts.


text:
Two Interesting Resolutions from ACC '17
The Anglican Consultative Council Meeting in Hong Kong
As yet the full list of resolutions in their final form as actually passed at the meeting of recent days in Hong Kong has yet to emerge. However, two of the resolutions passed at an earlier stage are in their final form and are set out below.
In each case it is arguable that they could have wide ranging implications for the Communion and the place of the ACC within it and as such will be discussed further in these pages in the coming days.
B17:04 Reception of Ecumenical Texts in the Anglican Communion
The Anglican Consultative Council endorses the following process for the reception of ecumenical texts in the Anglican Communion:
- When any ecumenical bilateral dialogue of the Anglican Communion has completed an agreed statement, it is first sent to IASCUFO.
- IASCUFO studies the agreed statement and reaches a common mind on whether it recognises the statement 'as consonant with the faith of the Church as Anglicans have received it'. IASCUFO then prepares resources, advice, and draft recommendations to be taken to the next meeting of the ACC.
- The ACC then formally welcomes the agreed statement by resolution, and commends the text, together with IASCUFO's advice, to the Member Churches of the Anglican Communion for study, reflection and response within a timeframe set by the ACC.
- At the meeting of IASCUFO immediately prior to an ACC, the members of the commission will be joined by an ACC reference group, comprising some members of the ACC for further reflection on ecumenical statements in the light of the provincial responses and any other considerations. The task of this enhanced commission will be to evaluate whether an agreed text has a sufficient level of consensus in the Member Churches for a recommendation to be made to the ACC.
- The Standing Committee nominates up to 15 people to form the ACC reference group. The constitution of this group is recommended to be:
- two primate members of ACC;
- two bishop members of ACC;
- two priest or deacon members of ACC;
- two lay members of ACC;
- relevant Anglican Co-Chairs of bilateral dialogue in question (e.g., with the Roman Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Lutheran World Federation, the World Communion of Reformed Churches, the World Methodist Council, and any other new dialogue partner).
- Having obtained sufficient support from the Member Churches, IASCUFO and the ACC reference group will then invite the ACC to recognise, by resolution, an ecumenical text 'as consonant in substance with the faith of the Church as Anglicans have received it' and as providing 'a sufficient basis for taking the next steps towards the reconciliation of our Churches, grounded in agreement in faith'.
C17:01 Anglican Communion Safe Church Commission
The Anglican Consultative Council, recognising the failures of the past, is determined that every church in the Anglican Communion is a safe place for everyone, especially children, young people and vulnerable adults, and therefore:
- approves the 'Guidelines to enhance the safety of all persons – especially children, young people and vulnerable adults – within the provinces of the Anglican Communion', and authorises the Standing Committee to amend the Guidelines, in consultation with the Anglican Communion Safe Church Commission
- requests each Member Church and each extra-provincial Church under the direct metro-political jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury to take the following five steps:
- adopt the Charter and implement the Protocol, where it has not done so;
- implement the accompanying guidelines;
- report to ACC-18 on the steps taken to adopt the Charter, and to implement the Protocol and guidelines;
- appoint a representative with the responsibility of liaising with the Commission regarding the adoption of the Charter, implementation of the Protocol and the guidelines, and the development of recommendations for the enhancement of the safety of children, young people and vulnerable adults in the Anglican Communion; and
- encourage those with safe church/safeguarding responsibilities in the Member Church to join the Anglican Communion Safe Church Network.
- requests the Secretary General to reconstitute the Anglican Communion Safe Church Commission with the terms of reference as approved by the Standing Committee.
(N.B. the documents referred to here will also be made available and are already on the ACC Website and merit attention.)


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[TowerTalk] Dielectrically lenghtening the boom
To: "" <>
Subject: [TowerTalk] Dielectrically lenghtening the boom
From: "David J. Sourdis - HK1A" <>
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 2009 10:56:47 -0500
List-post: <">>
Maybe it has already been applied to the cellphone technology or elsewhere, or
it is just not feasible because dielectric losses...
Dielectric material, lossy in some extent, sets a velocity factor (VF) for wave
propagation in cables.
This makes the physical lenght of the line shorter than freespace size.
Take a Yagi, and fill the space between elements with a material which its
dielectric constant is less than 1.0 (air's).
Would the element spacing, hence the boom lenght, have to be adjusted by a
shortening factor equal to the VF?
TowerTalk mailing list


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CFA crew safety tested
An experimental planned burn at the Brucknell Park Scout Camp, east of Warrnambool, has successfully tested crew protection systems on a range of CFA tankers.
The experiment, conducted with CSIRO researchers, involved a high intensity burn simulating a burnover scenario to validate the existing crew protection system on a CFA medium tanker.
CFA's Manager Research and Innovation David Nichols said the burn also field-tested two crew protection systems for CFA ultra-light tankers.
The experiment was conducted on a research block of almost 1 hectare in forest with vegetation that is found in the Otway Ranges, and other forest areas in Victoria.
"During the burn, extensive data was collected on the fire behaviour and the impact of the fire on the vehicles with fire-spread data loggers, standard and infrared video cameras, thermocouples which record temperatures and radiometers which record radiant heat within the fire," he said.
"It successfully tested crew protection systems which are currently installed on all CFA medium tankers and successfully tested technologically advanced protection systems with the view to install these on ultra-light tankers.
"Although deployment of crew protection systems are uncommon, they are a vital tool for firefighters to use to protect themselves if they are caught in a burnover situation."
CFA South West Region volunteers and staff assisted with the burn with planning, logistics, implementation, and fire suppression activities.
Mr Nichols said fuel reduction burns around the research block were conducted prior to 17 March to reduce potential risk.
"The area around the Brucknell Scout Camp had not been burnt since Ash Wednesday in 1983, so the burn had achieved protection objectives too.
"CFA and CSIRO staff will analyse the data gathered during the research burn and report back to the agencies within Victoria and other partner agencies within Australia."


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Monday, 23 January 2017
4E (Washington State Convention Center )
Handout (2.0 MB)
The 2015 North Alabama Christmas Flood Event resulted from a combination of high antecedent soil moisture and over 250 mm of rainfall during the 72-hour period of 1200 UTC 23-26 December 2015. An additional 25-50 mm of rain was recorded on 28 December 2015, further exacerbating flood conditions. The Tennessee River south of Huntsville, Alabama, reached moderate flood stage, recording a crest over 22 feet, up from 9 feet prior to the event. The Paint Rock River, Flint River, and Indian Creek watersheds in Madison and Jackson counties also reached moderate and major flood stage. To investigate the link between soil moisture and flood potential, as well as determine the utility of the Weather Research and Forecasting hydrological extension package (WRF-Hydro) in predicting localized flooding in hilly, county-scale watersheds, WRF-Hydro was coupled with the Noah Land Surface Model with Multi-Parameterization Options (Noah-MP) to model the North Alabama flood event on a 1 km land surface grid and a 100 m routing grid. After a spin-up duration of three years for both the land surface and hydrological components of the model using hourly North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) meteorological forcing, hourly Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor gauge-corrected precipitation was used in place of the NLDAS precipitation for the duration of the event beginning 0000 UTC 23 December 2015. Simulated streamflow along the Paint Rock River, Flint River, and Indian Creek was compared to recorded streamflow measurements from United States Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauges located within these watersheds. This presentation will examine the results of this comparison and discuss the performance of WRF-Hydro for hilly, county-scale watersheds.
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Fact Sheet 2012–3070
This brief report, drawing from a multi-year effort by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), identifies significant decreases in rainfall and increases in air temperature across Chad, especially in the eastern part of the country. These analyses are based on quality-controlled station observations.
First posted June 21, 2012
For additional information contact:
Part or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF); the latest version of Adobe Reader or similar software is required to view it. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge.
Funk, C., Rowland, J., Eilerts, G., Adoum, A. and White, L., 2012, A Climate Trend Analysis of Chad, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012–3070, 4 p.
Food Security Context: Drying Trends in Food Insecure Areas in Eastern Chad
Rainfall Declines in the 2000s
Much Warmer Air Temperatures
Population Pressure and Stagnating Agricultural Growth
A Convergence of Evidence
Some Implications for Food Security and Adaptations
Objectives and Methods

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Engineering Hub presenting Basic Civil Engineering App for civil engineers. This is a free app comes with all basic information related to civil engineering.
The app is very useful for beginners and students.Engineering Hub presenting Basic Civil Engineering App for civil engineers. This is a free app comes with all basic information related to civil engineering. The app is very useful for beginners and students.
Chapter 1 Engineering Materials
1. Stones 2. Bricks 3. Cement 4. Lime 5. Timber 6. Timber Testing 7. Concrete 8. concrete testing
Chapter 2 Building construction
1. Elements of Building Construction 2. Foundations conventional spread footings 3. RCC footings 4. brick masonry walls 5. POINTING AND PLASTERING 6. floors and their types 7. Roofs 8. Doors and Window9. lintels
Chapter 3 Surveying & Positioning
1. Surveying 2. surveying instrument 3. Leveling 4. thedolites 5. plane tables procedure 6. Electronic surveying instruments 7. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS – DIRECT LEVELLING 8. Making topographical radiating surveys 9. Making topographical surveys with non-sighting levels 10. Longitudinal profile levelling by traversing 11. contour 12. Reciprocal leveling
Chapter 4 Mapping & Sensing
1. maps details and contour 2. Prismatic compass survey 3. Dumpy level 4. measurement of areas 5. measurement of areas 6. Using a base line to subdivide land areas
Download Basic Civil Engineering App for Free at:


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If you have ever studied American history, you are sure to have heard about the flintlock. The flintlock mechanism was the first reliable and relatively inexpensive system for firing a gun, and was hugely popular in colonial America. It was first developed in the mid-1500s and spread until, by 1660, the English Army adopted the flintlock system for its "Brown Bess" guns. The Brown Bess became famous because of its widespread use during the American Revolution. The flintlock remained popular until the mid-1800s, when it was replaced by the percussion-cap lock. By the time of the civil war, nearly all guns manufactured used the percussion cap. That means that the flintlock, as a technology, lasted about 300 years!
The flintlock gun and the flintlock itself are fascinating devices. There are at least four things that make them so interesting:
- Next to the pendulum clock, the flintlock gun was probably the most technologically advanced device that anyone commonly owned at the time.
- The flintlock is incredibly important historically. Colonial America depended on it for food, protection and warfare.
- The flintlock itself is amazing from a mechanical standpoint.
- The flintlock is the foundation of all modern guns. If you want to understand how modern guns work, you get the best view by understanding the flintlock. A flintlock gun is the simplest reliable gun possible, and it can teach you a great deal about the technology behind guns in general.
In this edition of HowStuffWorks, we will look at the flintlock itself as well as the guns that used it so that you can completely understand how it works. In the process, you will learn some amazing things about this important device!


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Configure Model Style Elements
You can configure the colors and fonts of your block diagrams, and the depth of the block drop shadow. You can also copy the formatting of one model element and apply it to another.
For information about how to customize block icons, see Customize Block Icons.
Customize Model Colors
You can specify these colors in a block diagram:
Background color of any system
Outline and interior colors of any block
Text and background color of annotations
Background color of areas
For example, this image shows the Fault-Tolerant Fuel Control System with a black background and different block outline and interior colors.
To change a background color in a system, open the system. On the Format tab, select a color from the Background menu.
You can select a color from the menu or click Custom Color to define your own color.
To add background images to your model, use image annotations. For more information about image annotations, see Create Image Annotations.
To change the outline color of a block, text color in an annotation, or interior color for an area, select the element. Then, on the Format tab, select a color from the Foreground menu. Changing the foreground color of a block also changes the color of its output signals.
To change the color of the port labels on a Subsystem block, change the foreground color of the corresponding Inport and Outport blocks inside the subsystem.
To change the interior color of a block or background color in an annotation, select the element, and then, on the Format tab, select a color from the Background menu.
You can also use the Property Inspector to change color for an area or an annotation. To specify colors programmatically, see Specify Colors Programmatically.
Customize Model Fonts
Change the font family, style, and size for any model element to make your block diagrams easier to read or to comply with company standards. You can modify the font for selected blocks, signal labels, areas, and annotations. Some blocks display text according to the font style settings. Some blocks have fixed fonts and styles. To increase the font size of those blocks, zoom in.
You can also change the default font for the model. The default font affects any elements whose font you have not changed and any new elements you create. If you want to use the same default font in all new models, change the default model font in your default template. See Set Default Template for New Models.
To change the font of a block, signal label, area, or annotation, select the element. Specify font information on the Format tab in the Font & Paragraph section.
To change the default fonts for the model, on the Format tab, click the Configure font for selected object(s) arrow, then click Fonts for Model. Use the Font Styles dialog box to specify the font information.
You can also use the Property Inspector to change font for an area or an annotation.
Select Font Dialog Box on Linux Machines
On Linux® machines configured for English, the Font style list in
the Select Font dialog box can appear out of order or in another language in some fonts.
If the characters in your Font style list appear in another language,
LANG environment variable to
before you start MATLAB®. For example, at a Linux terminal, enter this command.
setenv LANG en_US.utf-8 matlab
Copy Formatting Between Model Elements
If you have applied formatting to a block, signal line, or area in a model, you can copy the formatting and apply it to another model element. Examples of formatting include font changes, foreground and background color selections, and drop shadow effects.
Select the block, line, or area whose formatting you want to copy.
From the action bar, select Copy Formatting. The cursor becomes a paintbrush.
Using the paintbrush, click each element that you want to copy the formatting to.
To cancel the paintbrush cursor, click a blank spot on the canvas or press Esc.
Increase Drop Shadow Depth
Select the blocks whose drop shadow depth you want to increase. Then, on the Format tab, click Shadow.
To remove the default drop shadow for all blocks, in the Simulink® Toolstrip, on the Modeling tab, select Environment > Simulink Preferences. In the Editor pane of the Simulink Preferences dialog box, select Use classic diagram theme.


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The Palisades Museum of Prehistory (PMOP), incorporated in Washington DC, is a non-profit regional organization dedicated to promoting the awareness and preservation of prehistoric artifacts in the Palisades of Washington DC.
The PMOP will accomplish its mission by providing information, education, and archaeological guidance.
In addition to curation and preservation of prehistoric artifacts, the PMOP will assemble a library of archaeological records, maps, and surveys pertinent to the region's prehistory. These records are now housed in disparate locations e.g. universities, National Park Service, State Historic Preservation Offices, Smithsonian archives. The localized information will be made available in the museum located in the Palisades of Washington DC.
More interest in our prehistory will hopefully allow the PMOP to organize a volunteer network that can react rapidly to events exposing our prehistory - like road works, building excavations, and erosion.
The bulk of prehistoric data remains locked up in government agencies and academic institutions. Many in the archaeological profession believe that releasing this information will encourage people to collect artifacts on federal lands. However well-intentioned, this mindset continues to exact a toll on the prehistoric record. Ignorance of history will guarantee the obliteration of the archeological record as more development continues with little regard to the people who onced lived here.
By providing the public access to the archaeological record, PMOP will boost awareness of our area's human history. In the end, both professionals and public will benefit from the increase of knowledge.
Because our region's prehistory spans at least 12,000 years, waves of indigenous cultures have come and gone dispersing evidence over broad geographic areas. The ravages of time have thinned much of that evidence. By recovering more evidence over a broader area, and making that information public, the PMOP hopes to raise awareness and understanding of those who lived here for thousands of years.
In terms of human evolution, the formative years of our species existed in lithic cultures. By greatly expanding the knowledge base of those cultures, the Palisades Museum of Prehistory hopes to shed light on our human nature.


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Think history is just a boring list of names and dates? Think again. There's hundreds of amusing stories that they don't tell you in history class. Some of those have to do with deaths, because let's be honest, people sometimes die in ironic and downright ridiculous ways. Some, like the curious case of the Greek writer Philitas, died because of an obsession. Others, like the case of John Sedgwick, were hit with the right arm of perfect irony. A while back, we did an article on five of history's most ridiculous deaths. Here's six more:
1. Death by Beard
Back during the Renaissance, circa 1567, Hans Steininger, a man living in Austria, became famous for having the world's longest beard. Sources have cited that, at its peak length, his beard was over a meter and a half long! That's almost five feet! Well, reportedly, he died because of his beard. One day, he tripped over his majestic mane, lost his balance, and fell, snapping his neck. His death was almost instantaneous.
2. Death by Academia
Philitas of Cos was a Greek philosopher who lived during the 300s-200s BC. He was, in fact, the first Greek writer who was both scholar and poet. Not much is known about his life, but according to other Greek historians and writers, Philitas was so obsessed with his work that he literally wasted away and died because he was too busy and scholarly to eat. How's that for dedication?
3. Death by Safe
According to what history tells us, Jack Daniel (yes, the guy that created the alcohol brand), died by kicking a safe. The story goes that he came to work one morning to fill out paperwork. At one point, he had to get the safe open, but couldn't remember the combination and got so frustrated that he tried to kick it open.
Well, he actually injured his foot so badly by kicking the safe that the limb began to develop gangrene, and even after the foot was amputated, the gangrene spread up his limbs and killed him. He died on October 10, 1911 when he was 61 years old.
4. Death by Irony
During the American Civil War, John Sedgwick was a general fighting on the Union side. During one particular fight, he made fun of his soldiers for running away from the Confederates, who were 1,000 yards away and raining down heavy fire.
He was recorded as shouting, over the sound of the gunfire: "[The Confederates] couldn't hit an elephant at this distance!".
A few seconds later, a Confederate sharpshooter shot him in the eye. The shot killed him immediately. How's that for irony?
5. Death by a Quest for Immortality
You've probably heard of the famous Terracotta Army — the hundreds of thousands of life-sized clay figurines all created to guard the ancient Chinese Emperor Qin during his afterlife. We hear a lot about Emperor Qin and his vast necropolis full of treasures. What we don't hear about often is what caused his death. Ironically, he died because of his obsessive quest for eternal life. During his last years, Emperor Qin feared death and began to desperately search for the "elixir of life" that would grant him immortality. He fell prey to many false physicians who sold him hoax medicines that were supposed to make him immortal. In the end, one of his alchemists gave him three mercury pills. He ingested them, hoping that they would give him eternal life, and promptly died of mercury poisoning.
6. Death by Molasses Flood
During a cold January day in 1919, in a freak accident that has become a part of local folklore in Boston, a disaster occurred. A storage tank in Boston exploded, unleashing a wave of molasses that ripped through the area at a whopping 35 km per hour, killing over 21 people and injuring 150. For decades after, Boston locals have claimed that, during particularly warm summer days, they can still smell molasses.


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Does syntax stop at the sentence level? Sometimes a universal quantifier in one sentence seems to bind a variable in another sentence, a phenomenon Roberts (1987) calls telescoping. Roberts proposes that the ostensive binding in telescoping is an illusion; hearers instead accommodate a covert quantified expression that binds the variable in the second sentence. Contra Roberts, this paper argues that universal quantifiers actually can scope over multiple sentences. Based on ideas by Kehler (2002), the author argues that multiple sentences in a discourse form complex syntactic objects that quantifiers can scope over, pursuant to Scope Economy restrictions on coordinate structures proposed by Fox (1999). This proposal explains certain restrictions on telescoping that Roberts's analysis could not capture without further modification.
Proceedings of the 26th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics
edited by Charles B. Chang and Hannah J. Haynie
Table of contents


What does tg stand for in environmental science?
What is the acronym of environmental science?
EVS
Acronym Definition
EVS Environmental Science
EVS environmental studies
EVS Enhanced Vision System
EVS Event Services
What are the 4 key terms in environmental science?
Terms in this set (13)
 - ecosystem. A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment.
 - Biotic Factor. Any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact.
 - Abiotic Factor. …
 - organism. …
 - Species. …
 - population. …
 - community. …
 - habitat.
What is the abbreviation for growth rate environmental science?
Population Growth Rate (PGR)
What does NT stand for in environmental science?
Exponential growth model. (Nt=N0ert) A growth model that estimates a population's future size (Nt) after a period of time (t), based on the intrinsic growth rate (r) and the number of reproducing individuals currently in the populations (N0). You just studied 26 terms! 1/26. eacoy.
What is PPC in environmental science?
Pollution Prevention and Control (PPC) Permits.
What does PBR stand for in geography?
PBR basics
Plant breeder's rights (PBR) are used to protect new varieties of plants that are distinct, uniform and stable.
What is the meaning of growth rate?
Growth rates refer to the percentage change of a specific variable within a specific time period. For investors, growth rates typically represent the compounded annualized rate of growth of a company's revenues, earnings, dividends, or even macro concepts, such as gross domestic product (GDP) and retail sales.
THIS IS IMPORTANT: What is the scope of environmental audit?


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Preventing Marine Debris on the North Slope of Alaska
The North Slope Borough will work with eight local communities to educate students and residents about marine debris and single-use plastics by encouraging the use of alternatives and supporting community-led beach cleanups.
Type of Project: Prevention
Project Dates: September 2020 - August 2022
Who is involved?
The North Slope Borough, through a NOAA Marine Debris Program prevention grant, will conduct outreach around marine debris, single-use items, and their effects on wildlife, utilizing hands-on activities in school and community settings, as well as experiential learning opportunities through debris removal and data collection.
What is the project and why is it important?
The North Slope Borough of Alaska is a remote and unique region with unique debris opportunities and challenges. Encompassing over 94,000 square miles, the Borough is the largest municipality in the United States, includes over 8,000 miles of Arctic coastline, but contains a small population of less than 10,000 people. Residents of its communities are closely connected to the environment around them and are first to see and respond to marine debris. Marine debris is a threat to food security. It impacts local wildlife and has been found in the stomachs of bowhead whales, polar bears, seabirds, and marine mammals - species that have critical cultural and subsistence importance for communities. The bowhead whale is of particular importance as it is at the center of Inupiat and Siberian Yupik culture.
Through this project, the North Slope Borough will work with eight communities to prevent single-use items from entering the marine environment by working with local schools, traveling to each community, and conducting remote learning to build local awareness of the problem and empower the community. A key goal of this project is to encourage and support the use of alternatives to single-use plastics (e.g., plastic grocery bags, bottles, straws), which are commonly found on local shorelines, riverbanks, and in the water. In order to help encourage long-term behavior change, the project will sponsor local beach cleanup events for two summers, with the aim of communities organizing to take these over as ongoing locally-driven events. These cleanup efforts are particularly important given the remote location of the area, and these communities. Pre and post-surveys on marine debris will also be conducted to help measure and tailor ongoing and future prevention efforts.
For more information about this project, visit the Marine Debris Program Clearinghouse.


Best matches, sorted by the Matches.
1-20 of 20 possibilities
cheerful and agreeable mood amiability, good humor, good humour, good temper
persisting angry mood bad temper, ill temper
mood (grammatically unmarked) that represents the act or state as an objective fact common mood, declarative, declarative mood, fact mood, indicative, indicative mood
drug that can produce mood changes and distorted perceptions consciousness-altering drug, mind-altering drug, psychoactive drug, psychoactive substance
sentence (in the indicative mood) that makes a declaration declarative sentence, declaratory sentence
your usual mood disposition, temperament
angry and disagreeable mood distemper, ill humor, ill humour
mood that expresses an intention to influence the listener's behavior imperative, imperative form, imperative mood, jussive mood
some linguists consider interrogative sentences to constitute a mood interrogative, interrogative mood
mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently mania, manic disorder
mood shifts, suffering from extreme manic-depressive
pertaining verb mood modal
mood (as in Greek or Sanskrit) that expresses a wish or hope; expressed in English by modal verbs optative, optative mood
irritable mood peeve
annoyed or irritated mood peeve
bad mood pique
mood that represent an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible subjunctive, subjunctive mood
mood or display of sullen aloofness or withdrawal sulk, sulkiness
quality indicating mood tone
hostile or belligerent mood warpath
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