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Railroad directions are used to describe train directions on rail systems. The terms used may be derived from such sources as compass directions, altitude directions, or other directions. However, the railroad directions frequently vary from the actual directions, so that, for example, a "northbound" train may really be headed west over some segments of its trip, or a train going "down" may actually be increasing its elevation. Railroad directions are often specific to system, country, or region.
Many rail systems use the concept of a center (usually a major city) to define rail directions.
Up and down
In British practice, railway directions are usually described as up and down, with up being towards a major location. This convention is applied not only to the trains and the tracks, but also to items of lineside equipment and to areas near a track. Since British trains run on the left, the "up" side of a line is on the left when proceeding in the "up" direction. The names originate from the early railways, where trains would run up the hills to the mines, and down to the ports.
On most of the network, "up" is the direction towards London. In most of Scotland, with the exception of the West and East Coast Main Lines, "up" is towards Edinburgh. The Valley Lines network around Cardiff has its own peculiar usage, relating to the original meaning of traveling "up" and "down" the valley. On the former Midland Railway "up" was towards Derby. On the Northern Ireland Railways network, "up" generally means toward Belfast (the specific "zero" milepost varying from line to line); except for cross-border services to Dublin, where Belfast is "down". Mileposts normally increase in the "down" direction, but there are exceptions, such as the Trowbridge line between Bathampton Junction and Hawkeridge Junction, where mileage increases in the "up" direction.
Individual tracks will have their own names, such as Up Main or Down Loop. Trains running towards London are normally referred to as Up trains, and those away from London as Down. Hence the Down Night Riviera runs to Penzance and the Up Flying Scotsman to Kings Cross.
In China, railway directions with terminus in Beijing are described as "up" (上行) and "down" (下行), with up towards Beijing; trains leaving Beijing are "down", while those going toward Beijing are "up". Trains run through Beijing may have two or more numbers, for example, the train from Harbin to Shanghai K58/55 uses two different numbers: In the Harbin-Tianjin section, the train runs toward Beijing, the train is known as K58, but in Tianjin-Shanghai section, the train is known as K55; the opposite train from Shanghai to Harbin is known as K56/57, while K56 is used from Shanghai to Tianjin and K57 is used from Tianjin to Harbin.
In Japan, railway directions are referred to as "up" (上り? nobori) and "down" (下り? kudari), and these terms are widely employed in timetables and station announcements for the travelling public. For JR Group trains, trains going towards the capital Tokyo are "up" trains, while those going away from the capital are "down" trains. For private railway operators, the designation of "up" or "down" (if at all) usually relies on where the company is headquartered as "up".
The railway systems in the Australian states have usually followed the practices of railways in the United Kingdom. Railway directions are usually described as up and down, with up being towards the major location in most states. The major location is usually the capital city of the particular state, so in the state of New South Wales trains running away from its capital Sydney are down trains, while in Victoria trains running away from its capital Melbourne are down trains. An interstate train traveling from Sydney to Melbourne would be a down train until it crosses the state border at Albury where it changes its classification to an up train. In states that follow this practice, exceptions do exist for individual lines. In the state of Queensland, up and down directions are individually defined for each line. So a train heading towards the main railway station in the capital Brisbane (Roma Street station) would be classified as an up train on some lines but as a down train on other lines.
Inbound and outbound
In many commuter rail and rapid transit services in the United States, the rail directions are related to the location of the city center. The term inbound is used for the direction leading in toward the city center and outbound is used for the opposite direction leading out of the city center.
City name directions
Some British rail directions commonly used are London and Country. The London end of a station is the end where trains to London depart. The country end is the opposite end, where trains to the country depart. This usage is problematic where more than one route to London exists (e.g. at Exeter St Davids).
Even and odd
In France, railway directions are usually described as Pair and Impair (meaning Even and Odd), corresponding to Up and Down in the British system. Pair means heading toward Paris, and Impair means heading away from Paris. This convention is applied not only to the trains and the tracks, but also to items of lineside equipment. Pair is also quasi-homophonic with Paris, so direction P is equivalent either with direction Pair or with direction Paris.
A similar system is in use in Italy, where directions can be Pari or Dispari (Even and Odd respectively). Pari (Even) trains conventionally travel northand west-bound. The city of Paris is referenced in colloquial use (Parigi in Italian), with Pari trains virtually leading towards it (Paris being in a north-western direction from any point in Italy).
In double track loop lines – such as those encircling a city – the tracks, trains and trackside equipment can be identified by their relative distance from the center of the loop. Inner refers to the track and its trains that are closer to the geographic center. Outer refers to the track and its trains that are furthermost from the geographic center. One example is the City Circle line in the Sydney Trains system.
For circle routes, the directions may indicate clockwise or counterclockwise (anti-clockwise) bound trains. For example, on the Circle line of London Underground or the loop of the Central line, the directions are often referred to as "inner rail" (anti-clockwise) or "outer rail" (clockwise).
The same practice is used for circle routes in Japan, such as the Yamanote Line in Tokyo and the Osaka Loop Line, where directions are usually referred to as "outer" (外回り? soto-mawari) and "inner" (内回り? uchi-mawari), in a system where trains go clockwise on the outer track and counter-clockwise on the inner track.
Most railroads in the United States use nominal cardinal directions for the directions of their lines, which often differ from actual compass directions. These directions are often referred to as "railroad" north, south, east, or west, to avoid confusion with the compass directions.
Typically an entire railroad system (the lines of a railroad or a related group of railroads) will describe all of its lines by only two directions, either east and west, or north and south. This greatly reduces the possibility of misunderstanding the direction in which a train is travelling as it traverses lines which may twist and turn or even reverse direction for a distance. These directions also have significance in resolving conflicts between trains running in opposite directions. For example, many railroads specify that trains of equal class running to the east are superior to those running west. This means that, if two trains are approaching a passing siding on a single-track line, the inferior westbound train must "take the siding" and wait there for the superior eastbound train to pass.
In the United States, most railroads use "east and west", and it is unusual for a railroad to designate "north and south" (the New York City Subway and the Washington Metro are rare examples). Even-numbered trains (superior) travel east (or north). Odd-numbered trains (inferior) travel west (or south). An easy way to remember this: "ODD trains go to San Francisco (west). VERY ODD trains go to Los Angeles (south)".
Other names for north and south
In New York City, the terms uptown and downtown are used in the subway to refer to northbound and southbound respectively. The nominal railroad direction is determined by how the line will travel when it enters Manhattan.
In Hong Kong practice, the up track refers to northbound, and the down track refers to southbound. This old practice on the British Section of the Kowloon-Canton Railway, now called the East Rail, is followed on the West Rail. In other words, trains towards the city center of Kowloon is the "down" direction instead of the "up direction ". "Northbound" and "southbound" are, nonetheless, more commonly used. On the original metro network of the MTR, platforms for the general direction towards the depot are numbered with odd numbers, whereas platforms for the opposite direction are numbered with even numbers. Depots are usually located on or near the end of MTR lines. Exceptions are stations that are located further than the depot, such as the stations of Ngau Tau Kok and Kwun Tong on the Kwun Tong Line.
For railways


move document to AS400 (Iseries) folder
20 pts.
Tags:
IFS
IFS Directory to iSeries Folder
IFSFile
iSeries
How do you move (or copy) a document from an IFS directory to an Iseries folder?
ASKED: December 22, 2008 6:49 PM
UPDATED: December 24, 2008 8:48 AM
Answer Wiki
Thanks. We'll let you know when a new response is added.
When you say iSeries folder, are you referring to a DLO (document library object) in the original, pre-IFS OS/400 folder structure? If so, then those folders are part of the IFS, through the /QDLS path. Thus, a folder named MYFOLDER would be accessed using the IFS syntax of /QDLS/MYFOLDER, and to reference a specific document, the syntax is /QDLS/MYFOLDER/MYDOCUMENT.
You could use the MOV command, to move the object from its current IFS directory to the desired folder/directory in the /QDLS path. You can also rename or convert the object to another format and/or CCSID with that same command. Example:
MOV OBJ('/MyIFSDirectory/MyFile') TODIR('/QDLS/MYFOLDER')
(Be aware that /QDLS only supports the old DOS 8.3 naming convention, so if you try to move a file there that doesn't conform, you will get an error. In that case, you would have to rename the file first, before moving. This can be done via the REN command.)
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 - Yorkshireman
 To quote from the help panel (F1=help on all iseries screens) For more information about integrated file system commands, see the Integrated file system information in the iSeries Information Center at _URL_ That's a long winded route I prefer _URL_
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The EU's Constructions of the Mediterranean (2003-2017), Münevver Cebeci and Tobias Schumacher (IAI, Italy)
This report offers a critical discourse analysis of the EU's conception of the Mediterranean since 2003. It attempts to display how the EU's discourse on the region can be read as a boundary-drawing exercise; and how it produces and reproduces European and Southern Mediterranean identities and constructs the ideal European self against its imperfect Southern Mediterranean others. It also claims that the EU's approach towards the Mediterranean is rather securitized, depoliticizing and technocratic. The report first looks into the shifts in the EU's construction of the Mediterranean in terms of its region-building and boundary-drawing exercises. Second, it analyses how the EU securitizes the Mediterranean space and how this becomes an identity-construction exercise. Third, it inquires into the interplay between the EU's norms and interests on the one hand and the European and Mediterranean identities that it constructs on the other. Finally, it attempts to demonstrate how the EU's technocratic and depoliticizing policies on the Southern Mediterranean produce and reproduce subject and objects.
MedReset Papers 3, Roma, IAI, April, 2017, 29 p.


The KJV New Testament Greek Lexicon
 Strong's Number: 778
Original WordWord Origin
ajskevwprobably from the same as (4632)
Transliterated WordTDNT Entry
Phonetic SpellingParts of Speech
as-keh'-o Verb
 1. to form by art, to adorn
 2. to exercise (one's) self, take pains, labour, strive
 King James Word Usage - Total: 1
exercise 1
 KJV Verse Count
Bibliography Information
Thayer and Smith. "Greek Lexicon entry for Askeo". "The KJV New Testament Greek Lexicon"..


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POLE SPORTS & ARTS WORLD FEDERATION
The art and sport of pole athletics has grown immensely in recent years and the need for an organized federation became clear. In response to this need, a group of passionate professional pole athletes created the Pole Sports and Arts World Federation (POSA) to ensure recognition of pole as a sport.
With sports recognition as its goal, the POSA was created to unite, regulate, organize, lead, and develop the practice and competition of pole sport and pole art around the world. As an international federation, POSA supports, represents, and defends all affiliated country federations. All affiliated competitions are standardized in athlete expectations and judging methods.
- To acknowledge and establish the different aspects of pole, namely pole sport and pole art
- To organize championships and/or competitions inherent in their practice
- To establish and enforce all technical and ethical rules regarding the practice of activities that it regulates
- To organize the training and development of pole sport professionals around the world, including coaches, judges, and athletes
- To implement professional trainings for judges, coaches, and athletes according to the rules
- To guide pole sport towards international recognition through the International Olympic Committee

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The training of the guides from the local community, community projects, clothing distribution and HIV Aids awareness has been self-funded by Stormsriver Adventures since 1998.
Stormsriver Adventures has formed a non-profit organization, NPO number 077-407-NPO, this is already established comprising of 2 community representatives and 2 company representatives to establish priority projects within the community of Stormsriver.
Please feel free to contact us should you want to donate towards these projects.
The primary objective of the organisation is to help lift the community out of abject poverty and to help them regain pride and become self-sufficient. To achieve this the charity has in the past, and will continue to be, involved in the following main activities:
- Children – Welfare (feeding scheme)
- HIV AIDS – support and excursions
- Animal welfare programme
- Clothing distribution to the needy
- Job creation for unemployed youth. – Skills development.
Based on the 5 areas priorities are defined as to which projects we can afford to initiate and support.
Respected community representatives provide valuable input ensuring that the projects supported are priority needs within the local community of Stormsriver.
Corporate Social Investment and Poverty Relief Initiatives
Stormsriver Adventures is a major role player in Poverty Relief Programs in the Tsitsikamma region, providing assistance and expertise.
- At a direct cost to the company, skills development and job creation initiatives have led to introducing the Stormsriver community to the Eco Adventure Tourism industry since inception of the company in 1998.
School feeding scheme
The provision of food for a school feeding scheme in terms of which each child in the school is provided with one proper meal a day. The aim of this aspect of the charitable work is to help uplift scholars academic achievement.
- 240 Primary school children are provided with a meal 4 times a week.
- The programme has been running since 2003.
Animal education and welfare programme
- This initiative is particularly aimed at the children with the prime objective of creating self worth and caring. The positive impact has been significant by way of teaching children responsibility and has translated into a more caring community. Teaching the community, mainly children, basic life skills through the animal welfare educational program. Using animals as a tangible means to enhance responsibility, self esteem and self-worth amongst the community.
- The programme involves dipping, mange treatment, sterilization campaigns animal trauma treatment and an Inoculation Programme.
- Environmental education excursions are conducted and include children from the local communities.
- Support of SMME's within the community i.e. laminating business operating from Stormsriver Adventures providing laminations to all clients that receive a Canopy Tour certificate on completion.
- Supporting and sponsoring of sport development within the community.
- A community owned craft initiative and local crafts can be purchassed from our small retail outlet. This major project is recieving support and assistance from Stormsriver Adventures.
- A catering company set up by Stormsriver Adventures in 2003 supplies all catering requirements and has created 5 positions for women.
HIV/AIDS Education and Awareness
The Company launched an aggressive committed campaign in 2006 to tackle the enormous challenge of HIV and AIDS. This campaign includes the following:
- Documented HIV/AIDS Policy.
- A documented TB Policy.
- Educational Workshops are held with Staff which include discussions forums, talks by HIV positive Community members, use of literature and audiovisual material.
- The formation of the 'We Care' Movement, comprising of Staff members who undertake Outreach Programmes into the Community to educate and dispel the stigma attached to AIDS.
- The use of 'I know' badges to encourage voluntary testing.
- Assisting the local Primary School with education and awareness.
- Appointment and capacitation of an AIDS Counselor by way of Courses fully sponsored by the Company.


China Chic: Distilling Contemporary Chinese Identity for Global Brands
8 min read.
Dior's classy take on China Chic for its Spring Festival 2021 collection has earned fans' approval.
Credit: Jing Daily
Whenever the annual Spring Festival rolls around, Chinese social media are flooded with brands and their interpretations of celebratory Chinese aesthetics. For years, marketers for global brands have been trying to nail the Chinese X-factor that appeals to this ancient civilization that is rapidly modernizing with increasingly sophisticated but highly eclectic tastes, as Chinese consumers explore and experiment to establish their unique identity in a globalized society.
The result is 'China Chic' (国潮 guó cháo), which essentially describes the trend of China-centric design but has evolved to reflect the Chinese people's profound pride in their national identity, spanning various categories beyond fashion and design to include retail, technology, and more.
China's growing global clout has fanned national pride among consumers. In technology alone, China has come a long way since its murky days of 'shanzhai' (山寨 shān zhài) products, or counterfeit electronics, to become a world leader in advanced fields, such as artificial intelligence (AI). A Forbes analysis calls China "the first global superpower for Artificial Intelligence" that American and European governments must reckon with. Chinese technology companies, such as Baidu, are rivalling their western counterparts in the development of machine learning and self-driving cars. Chinese factories are going from producing cheap goods to harvesting big data for precision manufacturing, such as the one pioneered by Alibaba's Rhino Smart Manufacturing, revolutionizing factories to enable mass customization and small orders.
These developments have boosted Chinese consumers' confidence in homegrown brands. Nationalist sentiments have also grown as tensions flare between the United States and China in the on-going trade war. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these nationalist feelings when consumers are homebound and choose to support Chinese businesses to survive these tough times. A recent poll of 5,000 consumers in 15 Chinese cities by the China Market Research Group and Fidelity International shows that 85 percent of respondents would buy a local brand over a foreign brand. This is a remarkable increase from 60 percent in 2016 and 15 percent in 2011.
A separate survey by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) reveals that Chinese nationals are the most optimistic consumer group among all respondents, with 77 percent believing in rapid social recovery after the crisis compared to the 43 percent global average. With Chinese consumers' unwavering confidence in their country's economic progress and cultural influence both domestically and globally, the contemporary Chinese identity and 'China Chic' will continue to be a popular theme to explore for brands in a post-COVID world.
86insider offers a few observations on how brands could approach 'China Chic' in ways that speak to contemporary Chinese minds and hearts.
Hyperlocalizing Chinese aesthetics
Harper's Bazaar China believes in breaking down the big notion of China into specific themes that resonate with people.
Credit: Bazaar China
Few brands have been successful in grasping the essence of the Chinese culture that would resonate with Chinese consumers. Brands have attempted to translate their superficial knowledge of China, relying on kitschy aesthetics that adorn Chinatowns in western cities, into themes that they hope would strike a chord with consumers. Although these are valid cultural motifs, as are dragons, mahjong and the color red, they hardly represent the cultural and geographical diversity of China and the Chinese people today.
The founder of a UK-based biannual publication on Asian women's fashion called The WOW Magazine, Wei Liu, has called for this approach to end.
She said, "They tend to go for familiar and easily identifiable elements like chopsticks and lanterns to represent the culture. That is why a lot of those images appear outdated to young people in China, while some are saying such an outdated vision of their country is offensive."
Incorporating unique native cultural elements into the latest trends really does not mean simplifying a culture as rich as China's into cliché concepts. In an interview with Jing Daily, Gugu Wang, the deputy style director of Harper's Bazaar China, suggests that breaking down a big idea into specific themes is crucial. Bazaar China's take on Chinese Aesthetic has created some stunning representations of China with regional culture and geographical backdrops as themes.
"Last year, we made the September issue about the nation's rivers, lakes, and seas (江河湖海 jiāng hé hú hǎi). This year in the October issue, we turned to cotton, China grass, silk, and cashmere (棉麻丝绒 mián má sī róng). Using concrete forms and finding regional themes has always been our premise."
The 'river snail noodles' (螺蛳粉 luó sī fěn) offered by KFC.
Credit: CGTN
Rather than imbuing a grand idea of China, brands are better off thinking small, hyperlocal, and even personal. KFC has been a more successful mass market brand due to its ability to adapt its menu and experience for local taste. The fast food chain recently introduced 'Kai Feng Cai', a play on its name to represent a new menu that consisted of the popular 'river snail noodles' (螺蛳粉 luó sī fěn) among other pre-packaged, fast-cooking Chinese chicken dishes. This came after KFC put local street food like smelly tofu and skewered meat on its menu. Beyond localized menus, KFC has been known for hyperlocalizing outlets to reflect the history of its location, including a themed restaurant in Chengdu based on the celebrated poet Du Fu who used to live in the city.
Nike x Jason Deng: SB Dunk Low "Street Hawker" sneaker series inspired by regional cuisines
Credit: High Snobiety
China's diverse regional palettes and flavors offer much food for creativity beyond the literal menu. Nike collaborates with Guangzhou-based artist Jason Deng to incorporate the food concept on sneakers, paying tribute to Chinese street food vendors with six dishes from different cities gracing the SB Dunk Low "Street Hawker" series. Meitu BeautyCam's China Chic food-inspired filter lets users "wear" their favorite food on their faces, if one fancies a red-hot numbing Sichuan hotpot lip color or milk tea complexion. For brands that care to deep dive into China's cultural intricacies, the sky's the limit for creative exploration of uniquely Chinese styles that resonate with consumers.
Heritage and cultural revival
Airbnb's "Lost & Found" campaign is a journey through China's rich cultural heritage and history.
Credit: The Drum
As China Chic develops, it increasingly manifests the people's ambition of reviving traditional heritage, with a whiff of nostalgia, a large dose of pride and a tinge of regret at how much rapid societal changes are bulldozing the formations of their national identity, which the young Generation Z (Gen Z) is grappling to understand and appreciate.
Thus, this gave rise to the emergence of a subculture called 'gu feng' (古风 gǔ fēng), which celebrates classical Chinese aesthetics and cultural expressions, including fashion, music, and literature. The popularity of costume dramas has escalated this subculture into the mainstream, where hanfu (汉服 hàn fú), the traditional clothing style of the Han Chinese, is currently enjoying a resurgence in fashion circles. Take a stroll in the hipster hangout around Lama Temple in the capital, one will find tucked away in the ancient alleyways, small boutiques that specialize in modern updates of hanfu that consumers can make their daily casual wear. In fact, the recent Beijing Fashion Week opened with haute couture hanfu from Chinese brand Xiannixiaozhu (衔泥小筑 xián ní xiǎo zhú).
Hanfu represents China's 'cultural confidence', allowing more Chinese to learn about their own style.
Credit: Meitu
Huang Chunyan, the spokesperson for Xiannixiaozhu, told The Global Times, "The hanfu display (at the fashion week) represents China's 'cultural confidence', as these glorious dresses will allow more Chinese to learn about our own style."
This confidence has spawned an emerging fashion style called 'Tu Cool' (土酷 tǔ kù) where 'Tu' literally translates to soil, which connotes rural, corny or outdated in Chinese culture. Pairing 'Tu' and 'Cool' is almost a rebellion against the understated and minimalist design philosophies that prevail in the current western-dominated fashion world.
Campaign Asia calls Tu Cool China's "cultural renaissance as an aesthetic innovation". According to the marketing media, Tu Cool creates a strong voice for the youth to celebrate national pride without the baggage of blending into the mainstream or tradition, by disrupting top-down authority in fashion, celebrating nostalgia and rural aesthetics that define grassroots culture.
The aesthetic of Tu Cool is more than a celebration of traditional values. It embodies a profound purpose of challenging stereotypes, and creating a style that allows people to confidently express an emerging identity while establishing a fresh take on contemporary fashion that is inclusive, defined as "a celebration of the old and new, at once nostalgic, quirky, and bewildering".
Balenciaga's reference to the Tu Cool trend was snubbed for being tacky and offensive.
Credit: Jing Daily
The very philosophy behind Tu Cool requires a high level of empathy and sensitivity to Chinese grassroots culture, leaving global brands out in the cold. Balenciaga found out the hard way when its Qixi Festival campaign, which attempted to reference Tu Cool, was snubbed for being tacky and offensive, in a clear reminder that the access


From GIS File Management to DataBase Management with PostgreSQL/PostGIS
PostGIS/PostgreSQL is a very interesting and convenient datawarehouse for hosting an organization's pool of geographic Data:
-Automatic Processes can be performed on the server-side thanks to triggers. It's useful for historization : imagine automatically adding the current date, the user name when inserting / updating data.
-Roles and permissions are easily manageable and more fine-grained and versatile than ACL rights on a server. Whereas server's ACLs only allow you to give or revoke permissions on accessing/reading/writing a file, with PostgreSQL, you can grant privileges on reading (viewing), inserting, updating and deleting values.
Assuming a database is equivalent to a folder and a database table to a GIS File, I'd like to get a database structure which would be as compliant as possible with the initial folder tree structure.
In the next posts, I'll detail two ways to get our database « skeleton », each one leaning on a delimited file with the databases' names. The first way uses a DOS Batch File, the second the ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) software Spatial Data Integrator.
PS: you can transform GIS Files into PostGIS tables, but it's also reversible: you can convert PostGIS Tables into GIS Files.
3 réflexions sur « From GIS File Management to DataBase Management with PostgreSQL/PostGIS »
 1. Hello Venkat,
 A postgresql/postgis database doesn't contain any flat files like shapefiles, mapInfo files and so on…
 A database can be compared to a folder. It contains tables. Tables could be compared to files.
 In a standard system with no relational system: folders and files, informations are spread and not connected to each other.
 In postgreSQL/potsGIS, tables are in one place, linked together and complex queries can be executed throughout them.
 One can't speak of format with tables as they aren't files. Contrary to files, you can't take a table from a database, isolate it on your computer with a copy-paste operation, and then open it with a mapping software.
 I hope it answers your question
 2. salut mathieu
 thanks for your interesting posts so far. as a new gis-user it's really great to get some inputs from people like you. please don't stop posting;-)
 cheers mark
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text:
Сегодня родился Гиляровский Владимир Алексеевич
On December 8, 1855 Gilyarovsky Vladimir Alekseevich was born. This is a Russian writer, a journalist who was called "the king of reporters". He participated in the Russian-Turkish war, served in the Caucasus. Vladimir liked to do sketches and to write verses. His first verses were published in 1873. In 1881 Gilyarovsky arrived to Moscow where he started working at the theater. Later he started working as the reporter in a Moscow newspaper.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Categories Uncategorized
II. 2 Indian population; factors influencing its structure and growth.
Factors for high population growth in India
 1. Excess of Birth rate over death rate – Death rate has been declining in India at a greater rate as compared to reduction in Birth rate resulting in a net addition of population. The decrease in death rate can be attributed to
 2. advancement in medical science thereby reducing deaths due to diseases like malaria, dengue, TB, Cholera, plague, small pox, etc
 3. Improved communication network resulting in greater access to populations to medical facilities,
 4. reduction / elimination of famines due to better management of food supplies eg: buffer stocks, advancements in agriculture, green revolution, etc
Other factors are
 1. Child marriage and Early marriage especially of females
 2. Lack of conscious family planning
 3. Age compositionhigh population of sexually active age group
 4. Low literacy rate especially among females. (Female 64.6% ; Male 80.9% ; overall 73% as per Census 2011)
 5. Prevalence of largely peaceful conditions with no major events such as war, conflicts and disasters claiming large number of lives.
 6. Religious beliefs and practicesChildren as Gifts of God,
 7. Political factors
 8. Social factorspoverty, preference of male child, joint family social system
 9. Economic factorsincome security with more working hands
Indian population has been growing at decadal rate ranging from about 13% to 25 % since independence with the maximum being 24.8% during 1961-71. Subsequently the population of India has been on a growing at a reducing growth rate increase with the latest (census 2011) decadal growth rate being 17.69%.
It is notable to state that it is for the 1st time since 1921 that the population of India has shown a declining trend in terms absolute numbers added in census 2011.
Demographic Transition Theory
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text:
As part of the evolution of FAO as a Knowledge Organization, 2007 will see the main 'information' Division in FAO (currently 'Library and Documentation Systems Division - GIL) becoming the 'Knowledge Exchange and Capacity Building Division' as part of the new Knowledge and Communication Department (KC). Major FAO initiatives in this area include:
- The Knowledge Forum : Includes the ASK FAO Portal and Thematic Knowledge Networks.
- Corporate Document Repository : As part of the more than 2,400 records added in 2006, a new series of Information and Knowledge Management Papers was launched.
- Information And Knowledge Management Standards : Including the AGROVOC thesaurus.
- Bridging the Rural Digital Divide Programme : Provides a framework of good practices, valuable case studies, and resources for capacity building.
- AGRIS Network : Open Access was a hot topic - a white paper on an AGRIS OAI architecture was published for disussion.
- Information Management Resource Kit (IMARK) : Distance learning modules on, for instance, Building Electronic Communities and Networks, Investing in Information for Development, Management of Electronic Documents, and Digitization and Digital Libraries.
- Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA) : Over 100 of the world's poorest countries are now able to access leading food and agriculture journals for little or no cost.
- FAO David Lubin Memorial Library: Serves as both a physical and virtual knowledge resource for FAO, member countries and the global community at large.


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Date of Award
Doctor of Education (EdD)
Educational Leadership and Policy Studies
Meyers, H. W.
This dissertation project researched sudent mobility-- school changes not due to customary promotion-- and its educational correlates, for students and schools in Vermont. Student mobility research in other states has found that the majority of these students are disadvantaged youth from low-income families, and they lag behind their peers academically. Academic consequences of student mobility affect not only students, but also their schools since NCLBA implementation sanctions influence school enrollments by increasing student transfers. The need for information about rural student mobility during early NCLBA implementation is significant in predominantly rural Vermont. This was the first statewide study of outcomes of mobility for students and schools in a rural state. Three basic research questions were: (a) What is the incidence of mobility among Vermont students and schools? (b) What is the impact of mobility, i.e., how does the incidence of mobility vary according to educational correlates for students and schools? (c) What do multilevel analytical models reveal about variation in mobility from student and school perspectives that may be useful for educational policy and practice? To address these questions, the study analyzed data for Vermont public school students, grades 1 through 12, during school years _PHONE_. Data sources included: (a) the Vermont Department of Education Student Census and Demographic Update; (b) student New Standards Reference Examination English Language Arts and Mathematics tests, grades 4, 8, and 10; (c) Vermont School Report indicators, and (d) NCES-US Census public school location information. In-depth cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of mobility, performance, sociodemographic, and educational correlates revealed significant and disturbing relationships that merit policy and prevention follow-up programming. School-level mobility incidence indicated that while in-migration was 20% on average, over 30% of the schools experienced much higher rates, mirroring urban-based mobility incidence. Academically, mobile students performed 3-10 percentile ranks lower than their stable counterparts did across grade levels and content areas on standardized tests, for longitudinal cohorts as well as cross-sectional grade groups. Risk factor analyses revealed that mobile students, relative to their stable peers, were (a) more likely to participate in free or reduced lunch programs at school, (b) less likely to have a 504 plan in place, (c) more likely to have kept a writing portfolio for 0-1 years (versus 2-5 years), (d) more likely to have kept a mathematics portfolio 0-1 years (versus 2-5 years), and (e) more likely to not meet the standard on mathematics performance tests. Hierarchical generalized nonlinear modeling analyses indicated that between 8% and 32% of the variation in student mobility was attributable to school-level composition and resources. This project aimed to benefit the Vermont educational community in several ways. Analytical methodology will provide the framework for developing a longitudinal monitoring system with mobility incidence, impact, and relevant educational information. Information from analytical results will inform a case study during spring 2005 to address student mobility by raising public awareness of associated issues that affect not only the students and their families, but also classrooms, schools and communities.
Morgan, Annabelle, "Student Mobility in Vermont Schools:" (2008). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 156.


text:
We read another version of The Gingerbread Man today. Mrs N explained that it's a very old story that has been retold many times and it was first published in 1875, which is 136 years ago! The version we read today was by Jim Aylesworth. It was a little different to the story we read online last week. The Gingerbread Man was still chased by a little old woman, a cow and a pig, but he never tried to cross a river. The fox took him by surprise and ate him up, instead of tricking him as he crossed the river.
We're starting to learn about writing narratives. We learned that a narrative is a made-up story and is usually written to entertain us. The Gingerbread Man is a narrative and we've decided to write our own version of the story, but it's going to be set in our school. We wrote the opening paragraph of it today. It's going to be fun!
Our Monday Munchies food today was snow pea shoots and we LOVED them! Every single person in the class thought they were delicious and would definitely like to eat them again.
Some of the words we came up with to describe snow pea shoots were:
Love from The Smarties and Mrs N

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


United Way of Greater Atlanta
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When children thrive, communities can thrive.
United Way of Greater Atlanta focuses on ensuring that every child has the opportunity to reach his or her full potential. Communities that can say "all the children are well" have babies born healthy, kids who read proficiently by 3rd grade and teens who graduate from high school ready for college and careers. These are kids that grow up in communities where people are educated, employed and housed.
Want to change that?
Join the Child Well-Being Movement and help us make Greater Atlanta a place where every child - regardless of zip code - can reach his or her full potential.
Visit our website to learn more about the Child Well-Being Index and see the score for your neighborhood.
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text:
E. Cobham Brewer _PHONE_. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
Minories (3 syl.) (London).
The cloister of the Minims or, rather, Minoresses (nuns of St. Clare). The Minims were certain reformed Franciscans, founded by St. Francis de Paula in the fifteenth century. They went barefooted, and wore a coarse, black woollen stuff, fastened with a woollen girdle, which they never put off, day or night. The word is derived from the Latin minimus (the least), in allusion to the text, I am less than the least of all saints. (Eph, iii. 8).


Back to Chucalissa CH Nash Museum Home
About Chucalissa
What is Chucalissa?
Chucalissa is an archaeological site near Memphis, Tennessee. Native Americans lived at Chucalissa until the 18th century when Europeans arrived. The Native Americans that lived there were part of a larger political and cultural system called the "Mississippian culture". Think about the city you live in. Is it also part of a larger political and cultural system?
What did archaeologists find at Chucalissa?
They found platform mounds, which are flat-topped rectangular man-made hills. They are a common feature of the Mississippian Native American Culture. They were commonly used as platforms for temples and the houses of political and religious leaders. To build a platform mound, people would take baskets, fill them up with dirt from another area and pile it together where they wanted the mound to be located.
They also found many artifacts left by the people who lived at Chucalissa. Archaeologists used these artifacts to learn about the culture of the people that lived at Chucalissa. You can do the same at the dig site page!
Platform mound at Chucalissa
Last Updated: 2/24/14


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What effects do factors that impair or enhance performance in individuals have when these individuals act in groups? We provide a framework, called the GIE ("Effects of Grouping on Impairments and Enhancements") framework, for investigating this question. As prominent examples for individual-level impairments and enhancements, we discuss sleep deprivation and caffeine. Based on previous research, we derive hypotheses on how they influence performance in groups, specifically process gains and losses in motivation, individual capability, and coordination. We conclude that the effect an impairment or enhancement has on individual-level performance is not necessarily mirrored in group performance: grouping can help or hurt. We provide recommendations on how to estimate empirically the effects individual-level performance impairments and enhancements have in groups. By comparing sleep deprivation to stress and caffeine to pharmacological cognitive enhancement, we illustrate that we cannot readily generalize from group results on one impairment or enhancement to another, even if they have similar effects on individual-level performance.
Original publication
Journal article
Pers Soc Psychol Rev
Publication Date
3 - 28
caffeine, enhancement, group performance, group processes, impairment, neuroenhancement, pharmacological cognitive enhancement, process gains, process losses, sleep deprivation, stress, Caffeine, Group Processes, Humans, Motivation, Psychomotor Performance, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation


text:
Badgeyay project is now divided into two parts i.e front-end of Ember JS and back-end with REST-API programmed in Python. One of the challenging job is that, it should support the uncoupled architecture. Now, we have to integrate Heroku deployed API with Github which should auto deploy every Pull Request made to the Development Branch and help in easing the Pull Request review process.
In this blog, I'll be discussing how I have configured Heroku Pipeline to auto deploy every Pull request made to the Development Branch and help in easing the Pull Request review process in Badgeyay in my Pull Request.
First, Let's understand Heroku Pipeline and its features. Then we will move onto configuring the Pipeline file to run auto deploy PR.. Let's get started and understand it step by step.
What is Heroku Pipeline?
A pipeline is a group of Heroku apps that share the same codebase. Each app in a pipeline represents one of the following steps in a continuous delivery workflow:
A common Heroku continuous delivery workflow has the following steps:
- A developer creates a pull request to make a change to the codebase.
- Heroku automatically creates a review app for the pull request, allowing developers to test the change.
- When the change is ready, it's merged into the codebase Default branch.
- The Default branch is automatically deployed to staging for further testing.
- When it's ready, the staging app is promoted to production, where the change is available to end users of the app.
In badgeyay, I have used Review App and Development App steps for auto deployment of Pull Request.
Pre – requisites:
- You should have admin rights of the Github Repository.
- You should be the owner of the Heroku deployed app.
- For creating a Review App, Below mentioned files are needed to be in the root of the project repository to trigger the Heroku Build.
Now, I have fulfilled all the prerequisites needed for integrating Github repository to Heroku Deployed Badgeyay API. Let's move to Heroku Dashboard of the Badgeyay API and implement auto deployment of every Pull Request.
Step 1 :
Open the heroku Deployed App on the dashboard. Yow will see following tabs in top of the dashboard.
Step 2 :
Click on Deploy and first create a new pipeline by giving a name to it and choose a stage for the pipeline.
Step 3 :
- Choose a Deployment Method. For the badgeyay project, I have integrated Github for auto deployment of PR.
- Select the repository and connect with it.
- You will receive a pop-up which will ensure that repository is connected to Heroku.
Step 4 :
Enable automatic deploys for the Github repository.
Step 5 :
Now after adding the pipeline, present app get nested under the pipeline. Click on the pipeline name on the top and now we have a pipeline dashboard like this :
Now for auto deployment of PR, enable Review Apps by filling the required information like this :
Verify by creating a test PR after following every above mentioned steps.
Now we are all done with setting up auto deployment of every pull request to badgeyay repository.
This is how I have configured Heroku Pipeline to auto deploy every Pull request made to the Development Branch and help in easing the Pull Request review process.
About Author :
I have been contributing in open source organization FOSSASIA, where I'm working on a project called BadgeYaY. It is a badge generator with a simple web UI to add data and generate printable badges in PDF.
- Heroku Pipelines Article – Link


Dan wrote:
> I have a question regarding notation. In the equation below, is it fair to say that the sign "\\(+\\)" has two meanings?
> \[ (2 [\textrm{egg}] + [\textrm{yolk}]) + (3 [\textrm{egg}] + 3 [\textrm{pie crust}]) = 5[\textrm{egg}] + [\textrm{yolk}] + 3 [\textrm{pie crust}] \]
You can say yes, or you can say no: I believe both viewpoints can be developed in a consistent way. If you treat them as different you may need to distinguish between
\[ ([\textrm{egg}]) + ([\textrm{yolk}]) \]
\[ ([\textrm{egg}] + [\textrm{yolk}]).\]
Here's how I actually think: \\(\mathbb{N}[S]\\) is the **free commutative monoid** on the set \\(S\\). There are many ways to construct this thing, but they're all canonically isomorphic so it doesn't matter which one we use.
(Sorry, that's how category theorists actually think: we are very flexible while being very precise about the ways in which we're being flexible: the words _canonically isomorphic_ summarize a lot of detail that I'm reluctant to explain right now.)
Here's one way to construct \\(\mathbb{N}[S]\\). We take elements of \\(S\\), create all possible finite sums of these elements, which are purely formal expressions of this sort:
\[ s_1 + \cdots + s_n \]
where \\(s_1, \dots, s_n \in S\\), and then we mod out by an equivalence relation which imposes the commutative monoid rules. For example, we decree that
\[ s_1 + s_2 + s_3 = s_2 + s_1 + s_3.\]
This gives a commutative monoid \\(\mathbb{N}[S]\\). Then, we allow ourselves to abbreviate an \\(n\\)-fold sum of copies of \\(s \in S\\) as \\(n s\\), e.g.
\[ [\textrm{egg}] + [\textrm{egg}] + [\textrm{egg}] = 3[\textrm{egg}]. \]
If you don't like this, here's another equivalent to way to think about it if \\(S\\) has some finite number of elements, say \\(n\\). In this case, after we choose an ordering for \\(S\\), we can think of \\(\mathbb{N}[S]\\) as the set of \\(n\\)-tuples of natural numbers. So, for example, if
\[ S = \\{ [\textrm{egg}], [\textrm{yolk}] \\} \]
we write elements of \\(\mathbb{N}[S]\\) as pairs of natural numbers. The element \\( (2,3) \\) in here corresponds to the element
\[ 2 [\textrm{egg}] + [\textrm{yolk}] \]
in my previous, isomorphic, description of \\(\mathbb{N}[S]\\). Similarly, the equation
\[ (2,3) + (1,1) = (3,4) \]
corresponds to the equation
\[ (2 [\textrm{egg}] + 3[\textrm{yolk}] ) + ([\textrm{egg}] + [\textrm{yolk}]) =
3 [\textrm{egg}] + 4[\textrm{yolk}].\]


text:
Nuclear Waste and Caves
What are the benefits of storing nuclear waste in
subterranean salt mining caves?
The main advantage is that since the salt has been in its deposit for
millions of years, there could not have been groundwater flowing through the
deposit for at least that long. If there had been, it would have carried
the salt away. So, if nuclear waste is placed inside the salt bed, chances
are good that groundwater won't carry it anywhere else. The nuclear waste
will decay away to nonradioactive elements before it leaves the salt
Richard E. Barrans Jr., Ph.D.
PG Research Foundation, Darien, Illinois
Click here to return to the Physics Archives
Update: June 2012


1 noun
ac‧count1 S2 W1 [countable]
a written or spoken description that says what happens in an event or process
account of
He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened.
blow-by-blow account (=a description of all the details of an event in the order that they happened)
Chomsky's account of how children learn their first language
eye-witness/first-hand account (=description of events by someone who saw them)
Eye-witness accounts told of the unprovoked shooting of civilians.
This gives a first-hand account of the war.
at a bank
written abbreviation a/c or acct. an arrangement in which a bank keeps your money safe so that you can pay more in or take money out:
My salary is paid into my bank account.
I've opened an account with Barclay's Bank.
My husband and I have a joint account (=one that is shared between two people).
bank account, checking account, current account, deposit account, profit and loss account, savings account
take account of something
also take something into account to consider or include particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment about something:
These figures do not take account of changes in the rate of inflation.
on account of something
because of something else, especially a problem or difficulty:
She was told to wear flat shoes, on account of her back problem.
a) [plural]BF an exact record of the money that a company has received and the money it has spent:
The accounts for last year showed a profit of $2 million.
b) [uncountable]BBC a department in a company that is responsible for keeping records of the amount of money spent and received:
Eileen works in accounts.
on account
if you buy goods on account, you take them away with you and pay for them later
with a shop/company
an arrangement that you have with a shop or company, which allows you to buy goods or use a service now and pay for them later [= credit account]:
Can you charge this to my account please?
an unlimited-use Internet account
a statement that shows how much money you owe for things you have bought from a shop [= bill]
pay/settle your account (=pay what you owe)
James left the restaurant, settling his account by credit card.
arrangement to sell goods
an arrangement to sell goods and services to another company over a period of time:
Our sales manager has secured several big accounts recently.
by/from all accounts
according to what a lot of people say:
It has, from all accounts, been a successful marriage.
on somebody's account
if you do something on someone's account, you do it because you think they want you to:
Please don't change your plans on my account.
on your own account
by yourself or for yourself:
Carrie decided to do a little research on her own account.
on no account/not on any account
used when saying that someone must not, for any reason, do something:
On no account must you disturb me.
by somebody's own account
according to what you have said, especially when you have admitted doing something wrong:
Bentley was, by his own account, over-sensitive to criticism.
on that account/on this account
concerning a particular situation:
There needn't be any more worries on that account.
give a good/poor account of yourself
to do something or perform very well or very badly:
Kevin gave a good account of himself in today's game.
bring/call somebody to account
formal to force someone who is responsible for a mistake or a crime to explain publicly why they did it and punish them for it if necessary:
The people responsible for the accident have never been brought to account.
put/turn something to good account
formal to use something for a good purpose:
Perhaps she could put some of her talents to good account by helping us.
of no/little account
formal not important:
As she grew up, her father was of no account to her.
Dictionary results for "account"
Dictionary pictures of the day
Do you know what each of these is called?


text:
This giant basin will help water quality, and it's a park
On the surface, it looks like a small park, but beneath lies a giant basin that holds 7 million gallons of raw sewage and stormwater.
On Wednesday, Louisville MSD held a ribbon cutting for this $30 million project, called the Clifton Heights Combined Sewer Overflow Basin.
"This combined sewer overflow basin is a hard project, but it was something that works consistently to protect water quality in the Beargrass Creek," said Tony Parrott, MSD's executive director.
For decades, engineers built stormwater sewers that intersected with raw sewage lines, and the result has not been good for local waterways. Heavy rains flood the stormwater lines, which mix with raw sewage before emptying into Beargrass Creek and the Ohio River.
The Clifton Heights basin and 10 others completed or being built in Louisville will solve that problem. The mixture will empty into the giant underground basins and then be pumped to a water treatment plant before being emptied into the Ohio River.
Above the basin is a public park, complete with a lawn, meadows and wetlands.


text:
College Writing Center Declares American Grammar A 'Racist,' 'Unjust Language Structure'
An "antiracist" poster in a college writing center insists American grammar is "racist" and an "unjust language structure," promising to prioritize rhetoric over "grammatical 'correctness.'"
The poster, written by the director, staff, and tutors of the University of Washington, Tacoma's Writing Center, states "racism is the normal condition of things," declaring that it permeates rules, systems, expectations, in courses, school and society.
"Linguistic and writing research has shown clearly for many decades that there is no inherent 'standard' of English," proclaims the writing center's statement. "Language is constantly changing. These two facts make it very difficult to justify placing people in hierarchies or restricting opportunities and privileges because of the way people communicate in particular versions of English."
In the introduction to its "commitment" section, the Tacoma Writing Center pledges to "listen and look carefully and compassionately for ways we may unintentionally perpetuate racism or social injustice, actively engaging in antiracist practices" before making nine specific promises to students.
"We promise to emphasize the importance of rhetorical situations over grammatical 'correctness' in the production of texts," announces the poster. "We promise to challenge conventional word choices and writing explanations."
In an article accompanying the poster, the University of Washington, Tacoma revealed Friday that Dr. Asao Inoue, director of the writing center, is behind the new push for social justice.
On his Tacoma faculty page, Inoue states that he does "research that investigates racism in writing assignments." Meanwhile, the professor's Twitter presence indicates no love for President Donald Trump:
"[The statement] is a great example of how we are striving to act against racism," said Dr. Jill Purdy, Tacoma's vice chancellor of undergraduate affairs. "Language is the bridge between ideas and action, so how we use words has a lot of influence on what we think and do."
The Tacoma Writing Center's prioritization of social justice over grammar resembles previous concerted efforts to legitimize incorrect speech, such as Ebonics, "inventive spelling," and "whole language."
Send tips to _EMAIL_.
Content created by The Daily Caller News Foundation is available without charge to any eligible news publisher that can provide a large audience. For licensing opportunities of our original content, please contact _EMAIL_.


text:
In this part of tutorial you
will learn how to retrieve information of all methods of a class (that included
in the program) by using the getMethods() method.
Here is an example that provides the usage of the getMethods() method in
Create an object of class. Now retrieve all methods list in Method array. Now we can get other information of that methods by using different methods on that method object.
Here is the example code of MethodInfo.java
If you enjoyed this post then why not add us on Google+? Add us to your Circles
Liked it! Share this Tutorial
Discuss: Getting Methods Information of a class
Post your Comment


text:
Wells Fargo Joins EPA's Climate leaders and Adopts Carbon Principles
Celebrates success and three-year anniversary of Company's 10-point environmental commitment
Wells Fargo & Company (NYSE: WFC) announced today it has joined the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Climate Leaders program, pledging to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its operations. The Company also adopted the Carbon Principles, guidelines for banks to evaluate and address climate change risks in the financing of electric power projects and companies. These two actions add to Wells Fargo's achievements in meeting its 10-point environmental commitment issued three years ago and demonstrate the Company's commitment to protect and preserve natural resources for future generations.
"Slowing climate change will take an effort from everyone," said Pat Callahan, Wells Fargo's new head of Social Responsibility. "We're doing our part by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from our operations and supporting healthy, sustainable and economically sound communities. We look forward to helping our customers seize business opportunities that can help them operate more efficiently and protect the environment at the same time"
Wells Fargo established its 10-Point Environmental Commitment to integrate environmental stewardship into the Company's operations, business practices and culture. In addition to focusing on energy and resource conservation in its own operations, Wells Fargo has more than doubled its original $1 billion lending target two years ahead of schedule. The Company has financed more than $2 billion for renewable energy projects and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-certified "green" buildings. Wells Fargo has also launched a solar home program in California aimed at encouraging the development of energy efficient, solar powered homes. To view other achievements, visit Environmental Affairs on wellsfargo.com.
This news content was configured by WebWire editorial staff. Linking is permitted.
News Release Distribution and Press Release Distribution Services Provided by WebWire.


mysqlnd-qc-php-quickstart-php-caching-4
 - Quickstart and
 Examples
 - Caching queries
 - Caching queries
 - Caching queries
 Caching queries
 There are four ways to trigger caching of a
 query.
 - Use of SQL hints on a
 per query basis
 - User supplied callbacks
 to decide on a per query basis, for example, using mysqlnd_qc_is_select()
 - mysqlnd_set_cache_condition()
 for rule based automatic per query decisions
 - mysqlnd_qc.cache_by_default = 1 to cache all
 queries blindly
 Use of SQL hints and mysqlnd_qc.cache_by_default = 1 are explained
 below. Please, refer to the function reference on mysqlnd_qc_is_select() for a
 description of using a callback and, mysqlnd_qc_set_cache_condition() on how
 to set rules for automatic caching.
 A SQL hint is a SQL standards compliant comment. As
 a SQL comment it is ignored by the database. A statement is
 considered eligible for caching if it either begins with the SQL
 hint enabling caching or it is a SELECT statement.
 An individual query which shall be cached must
 begin with the SQL hint /*qc=on*/. It is recommended to
 use the PHP constant MYSQLND_QC_ENABLE_SWITCH instead of using the
 string value.
 - not eligible for caching and not cached: INSERT
 INTO test(id) VALUES (1)
 - not eligible for caching and not cached: SHOW
 ENGINES
 - eligible for caching but uncached: SELECT id
 FROM test
 - eligible for caching and cached:
 /*qc=on*/SELECT id FROM test
 The examples SELECT statement string is
 prefixed with the MYSQLND_QC_ENABLE_SWITCH SQL hint to enable caching
 of the statement. The SQL hint must be given at the very beginning
 of the statement string to enable caching.
 Example #1 Using the MYSQLND_QC_ENABLE_SWITCH
 SQL hint
 mysqlnd_qc.enable_qc=1

 <?php
 /* Connect, create and populate test table */
 $mysqli = new mysqli("host""user""password""schema""port""socket");
 $mysqli->query("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test");
 $mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE test(id INT)");
 $mysqli->query("INSERT INTO test(id) VALUES (1), (2)");
 /* Will be cached because of the SQL hint */
 $start microtime(true);
 $res $mysqli->query("/*" MYSQLND_QC_ENABLE_SWITCH "*/" "SELECT id FROM test WHERE id = 1");
 var_dump($res->fetch_assoc());
 $res->free();
 printf("Total time uncached query: %.6fs\n"microtime(true) - $start);
 /* Cache hit */
 $start microtime(true);
 $res $mysqli->query("/*" MYSQLND_QC_ENABLE_SWITCH "*/" "SELECT id FROM test WHERE id = 1");
 var_dump($res->fetch_assoc());
 $res->free();
 printf("Total time cached query: %.6fs\n"microtime(true) - $start);
 ?>
 The above examples will output something similar to:
 array(1) {
 ["id"]=>
 string(1) "1"
 }
 Total time uncached query: 0.000740s
 array(1) {
 ["id"]=>
 string(1) "1"
 }
 Total time cached query: 0.000098s

 If nothing else is configured, as it is the case in
 the quickstart example, the plugin will use the built-in
 default storage handler. The default storage
 handler uses process memory to hold a cache entry. Depending on the
 PHP deployment model, a PHP process may serve one or more web
 requests. Please, consult the web server manual for details.
 Details make no difference for the examples given in the
 quickstart.
 The query cache plugin will cache all queries
 regardless if the query string begins with the SQL hint which
 enables caching or not, if the PHP configuration directive
 mysqlnd_qc.cache_by_default is set to 1.
 The setting mysqlnd_qc.cache_by_default is evaluated by the
 core of the query cache plugins. Neither the built-in nor
 user-defined storage handler can overrule the setting.
 The SQL hint /*qc=off*/ can be used to
 disable caching of individual queries if mysqlnd_qc.cache_by_default = 1 It is recommended
 to use the PHP constant MYSQLND_QC_DISABLE_SWITCH instead of using
 the string value.
 Example #2 Using the MYSQLND_QC_DISABLE_SWITCH
 SQL hint
 mysqlnd_qc.enable_qc=1
 mysqlnd_qc.cache_by_default=1

 <?php
 /* Connect, create and populate test table */
 $mysqli = new mysqli("host""user""password""schema""port""socket");
 $mysqli->query("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test");
 $mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE test(id INT)");
 $mysqli->query("INSERT INTO test(id) VALUES (1), (2)");
 /* Will be cached although no SQL hint is present because of mysqlnd_qc.cache_by_default = 1*/
 $res $mysqli->query("SELECT id FROM test WHERE id = 1");
 var_dump($res->fetch_assoc());
 $res->free();
 $mysqli->query("DELETE FROM test WHERE id = 1");
 /* Cache hit - no automatic invalidation and still valid! */
 $res $mysqli->query("SELECT id FROM test WHERE id = 1");
 var_dump($res->fetch_assoc());
 $res->free();
 /* Cache miss - query must not be cached because of the SQL hint */
 $res $mysqli->query("/*" MYSQLND_QC_DISABLE_SWITCH "*/SELECT id FROM test WHERE id = 1");
 var_dump($res->fetch_assoc());
 $res->free();
 ?>
 The above examples will output:
 array(1) {
 ["id"]=>
 string(1) "1"
 }
 array(1) {
 ["id"]=>
 string(1) "1"
 }
 NULL

 PECL/mysqlnd_qc forbids caching of statements for
 which at least one column from the statements result set shows no
 table name in its meta data by default. This is usually the case
 for columns originating from SQL functions such as NOW()
 or LAST_INSERT_ID(). The policy aims to prevent pitfalls
 if caching by default is used.
 Example #3 Example showing which type of statements are
 not cached
 mysqlnd_qc.enable_qc=1
 mysqlnd_qc.cache_by_default=1

 <?php
 /* Connect, create and populate test table */
 $mysqli = new mysqli("host""user""password""schema""port""socket");
 $mysqli->query("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test");
 $mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE test(id INT)");
 $mysqli->query("INSERT INTO test(id) VALUES (1)");
 for ($i 0$i 3$i++) {
 $start microtime(true);
 /* Note: statement will not be cached because of NOW() use */

 $res $mysqli->query("SELECT id, NOW() AS _time FROM test");

 $row $res->fetch_assoc();
 /* dump results */

 var_dump($row);
 printf("Total time: %.6fs\n"microtime(true) - $start);
 /* pause one second */

 sleep(1);
 }
 ?>
 The above examples will output something similar to:
 array(2) {
 ["id"]=>
 string(1) "1"
 ["_time"]=>
 string(19) "2012-01-11 15:43:10"
 }
 Total time: 0.000540s
 array(2)


text: In a wide range of statistical learning problems such as ranking, clustering or metric learning among others, the risk is accurately estimated by U-statistics of degree d ≥ 1, i.e. functionals of the training data with low variance that take the form of averages over k-tuples. From a computational perspective, the calculation of such statistics is highly expensive even for a moderate sample size n, as it requires averaging O(n^d) terms. This makes learning procedures relying on the optimization of such data functionals hardly feasible in practice. It is the major goal of this paper to show that, strikingly, such empirical risks can be replaced by drastically computationally simpler Monte-Carlo estimates based on O(n) terms only, usually referred to as incomplete U-statistics, without damaging the O(1/√n) learning rate of Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) procedures. For this purpose, we establish uniform deviation results describing the error made when approximating a U-process by its incomplete version under appropriate complexity assumptions. Extensions to model selection, fast rate situations and various sampling techniques are also considered, as well as an application to stochastic gradient descent for ERM. Finally, numerical examples are displayed in order to provide strong empirical evidence that the approach we promote largely surpasses more naive subsampling techniques.


text:
The Integral Curves Utility draws direction fields and integral curves. An integral curve is the path followed by a point whose velocity at each point is given by a "vector field". A vector field on the xy-plane is given by a pair of functions of x and y. For the curve, these functions specify the derivatives dx/dt and dy/dt at each point. In the Integral Curves Utility, you can specify the functions dx/dt and dy/dt, and you can "drop" points onto the xy-plane and see the curves along which they move. The utility also draws a grid of arrows. An arrow at a point shows the direction of the integral curve as it passes through that point. (This is a "direction field" rather than a "vector field" because it shows only the direction of the curve, not the speed.)
You can start a curve by clicking at a point on the graph. Alternatively, for finer control, you can enter the x and y values of the starting point of the curve in the boxes labeled "Start x" and "Start y". Then, click the "New Curve" button to start a curve at that point. You can have as many curves as you want. If you turn on the "Extend curves in both directions" option, you get to see how the point would move backwards in time as well as forwards.
An integral curve is drawn by looking at the current position of the point and at the derivative functions at that point (and possibly at some nearby points for greater accuracy). This is used to project the point forward "dt" time units into the future. This is only an approximation! A smaller value of dt will generally give a better approximation. There is an input box where you can specify the value of dt. The Integral Curves Utility can use three different approximations: Euler's Method, Runge-Kutta Order 2, and Runge-Kutta Order 4. The utility has a set of radio buttons that you can use to select the method. Runge-Kutta Order 4 is the most accurate method, and there is really no reason to use the other two unless you specifically interested in the method rather than in getting the best possible approximation of the true integral curve.
Once a curve has been started, it uses the same method and the same value of dt forever. This lets you start different curves from the same point, using different methods or different values of t, to compare them.
In this utility, more than in others, you might want to use the "Equalize" button to equalize the scales on the x and y axes. Otherwise, the arrow directions, as drawn, can be misleading. You can use the mouse for zooming in this utility.
Graph 3D Utility
The Graph 3D Utility draws three-dimensional graphs of functions of two variables. The function to be graphed is of the form z=f(x,y), where f(x,y) is given as an expression that can contain variables x and y. The values of xmin, xmax, ymin, and ymax have a different interpretation in this utility: They specify a rectangle in the xy-plane that is used as the domain over which the graph is drawn. You can also enter zmin and zmax, which specify the range of z-values that you want to see. The scale on the graph is adjusted so that the specified ranges of x, y, and z are visible. But since the image on the screen is a two-dimensional projection of a three dimensional object, there is not an exact correspondence between the ranges and the boundaries of the rectangle shown on the screen.
To produce the graph, a rectangular grid of points in the domain is used. The function is evaluated at each point, and the resulting xyz-points are connected with lines. You can enter the grid size -- that is, the number of points along each side of this grid of points. The utility can draw graphs in four different styles: When only the lines between the points are drawn, the result is a so-called "wire-mesh model." The second style also consists of just lines, but lines that are hidden by other parts of the graph are not shown. Instead of drawing the lines, the regions between the lines can be filled in with color, giving a "shaded model." (The color used is determined by the orientation of the graph surface, so it looks as if the graph is illuminated from a certain direction.) In the fourth style, both the lines and the shading are shown. You can select among the four styles using a set of radio buttons under the graph. The shaded model without lines only really looks good on a high color monitor using a large grid size.
When the utility starts up, you will see a projection of the x-, y-, and z-axes along with a rectangle that frames the domain of the function in the xy-plane. When you press the "Graph it!" button or press return in any input box, the graph will be drawn. You get to see the graph being drawn, from back to front. (This is deliberate -- for understanding the graph, seeing the drawing process is more effective than just seeing the final result.)
You can rotate the axes and graph using two scroll bars. The horizontal scroll bar rotates the graph around the z-axis. The vertical scroll bar tilts the image towards you and away from you.
Mouse zooming does not work in the Graph 3D Utility. Do not expect Graph 3D to work well with most discontinuous functions.
David Eck, 27 October 1999, minor update on 6 December 2012


Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects
Difference Between a Sleeper Sofa and a Futon
Sleeper sofas and futons are double purpose furniture that have become ubiquitous in modern homes that have limited space or who frequently have guests that stay overnight. Sleeper sofas and futons are also common in hotel rooms to increase sleeping capacity. They are a great way to save on space and are easy to transport. They are also a great way to save on money as one does not have to spend separate money for a couch and a bed. And since they are basically similar in function, sleeper sofas and futons today have very little difference in appearance, especially with modern innovation.
Although modern day sleeper sofas and futons are practically the same in their dual function, the two still differ from each other. Aside from their origins, the two differ mainly in materials used and their construction. Their dimensions are also usually different. More about these dual purpose furniture and their differences are discussed further in the succeeding sections.
What is a Sleeper Sofa?
A sleeper sofa, also called a sofa bed – although the terms are sometimes subtly differentiated, is furniture that is designed primarily as a couch but can be converted into a bed by some mechanism such as hinges or springs. Although there have been many innovations on beds to make them portable or to save space, the first furniture that truly doubles as both a couch and a bed was invented in the 1930's and is credited to Bernard Castro, an Italian immigrant to the United States.
The cushions of sleeper sofas are typically made of foam, while the frame is mostly metal. Foam is a soft but stiff material, so the cushions are made of separate pieces. Some of the cushions are attached directly to the metal frame while the other pieces are detachable, to be placed side by side once the frame has been converted to a bed. While some sleeper sofa frames have a hinged mechanism that allows the backrest to be lowered, most frames have a pullout mechanism under the seat. This overall design makes the sleeping mattress only half as thick as when it is in couch mode and does not give optimum comfort for sleeping.
What is a Futon?
A futon is either the traditional Japanese style of bedding, or the futon sofa bed adapted by western culture – the two being very different. The traditional futon, used by the Japanese since ancient times, is only for sleeping and at its simplest is actually a set composed of mattress, duvet and pillow but without a bedframe. When not in use, traditional futons are first aired out in the open, and then stored in closets. Meanwhile, the western futon is basically a variant of the sleeper sofa invented by William Brouwer in the 1980's.
The futon mattress, whether the traditional or the western futon, is typically made of cotton and is all of one piece that can easily be folded or rolled. The frame is usually made of wood, with a backrest that can be lowered, and a footrest or a hidden deck under the seat that can be raised. The mattress is usually thinner than the cushions of a sleeper sofa in couch mode but thicker when converted into a bed, making the futon more comfortable for sleeping.
Difference between a Sleeper Sofa and a Futon
A sleeper sofa is any type of sofa that can be converted into a bed. A futon is either the traditional Japanese style of bedding composed of mattress, duvet and pillow, with no bedframe, or the adapted western futon which is basically a variant of the sofa bed.
Main function
A sleeper is mainly sitting furniture, with the bed as its second function. The futon is primarily a type of bedding with the mattress serving secondarily as a seat cushion for a sofa.
The first truly dual function sleeper sofa was invented by Bernard Castro in the 1930's while the futon was adapted into western use by William Brouwer in the 1980's.
Mattress or cushions
A sleeper sofa cushion is typically made of foam; it is soft but stiff. It cannot be folded nor rolled; instead, it can be made into separate pieces. Futons are usually made of cotton, made of one piece and as such, they can be easy to fold or roll.
Frame designs
Sleeper sofas frame are usually made of metal and are of a pullout design, with the extension hidden under the seat. Western futon frames are typically wood made in a hinged design, with a backrest that can be lowered and a footrest or a hidden deck under the seat that can be raised.
Seating comfort
Sleeper sofas are usually more comfortable than futons as seats, with thicker seat cushions than futons.
Sleeping comfort
Sleeper sofas are less comfortable as beds since the mattress is thinner than that of futons when spread out.
Sleeper Sofas vs Futons
 - Sleeper sofas and futons are double purpose furniture that are very useful as both seats and beds in homes with limited space or as extra sleeping areas for guests staying overnight.
 - They are also cost saving furniture due to their dual function.
 - Sleeper sofas come in many designs but their main quality is that they are made as couches first before beds.
 - Futons are the traditional Japanese style of bedding composed of mattress, duvet and pillow, without a bedframe. It was a adapted into the western culture as a sleeper sofa, with the mattress serving as seat cushion.
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[2]Donahue, Alan. "Types of sofa bed mechanisms." Hunker. March 16, 2018. _URL_ (accessed October 30, 2019).
[3]Krino, Gary. "New-look futons are versatile and stylish." Orlando Sentinel. March 20, 1999. _URL_ (accessed October 30, 2019).
[4]Ramos, Maria. "What's a Japanese Futon?" Good Night's Rest. June 24, 2019. _URL_ (accessed October 30, 2019).
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text:
The Colors of Autumn in Playdough
After observing the changing colored leaves on trees, let your little ones create their own autumn trees from play dough or clay. You might even use some autumn scented play dough.
Perimeter with Non-standard Measuring Tools
Collect various shaped leaves to practice measuring perimeter. Use any manipulative you like to place around the edges of the leaves. Compare perimeters from one leaf to another.
Area with Non-standard Measurement Tools
Use the same leaves to measure area. Of course, this method of covering the leaves isn't a perfect measurement, but you'll be building an understanding of what area means.
Will It Sink or Float?
Float various leaf shapes on water then see which shapes can hold the most coins before sinking. This is also great fine motor skill practice.
More Leaf Fun
- Although I originally wrote about concrete leaf graphs for older children, the same activity on a smaller scale would be very good for little people, too.
- Negative leaf paintings highlight leaf shapes and make nice nature notebooking pages.
- I've also pinned several other leaf activities on my Deciduous Trees Pinterest Board that you might like to check out!
Comments3 Responses to "Preschool Leaf Study"
Leave a comment, and if you'd like your own picture to show up next to your comments, go get a gravatar!


text:
Usually, the default DNS settings on your iOS device will work just fine. But occasionally, the provider for the Wi-Fi connection you're using may not have the most up-to-date DNS information, or maybe you'd just like to try another DNS server that might make your internet browsing a bit snappier. Here's how to change your iOS device's DNS settings.
To change the DNS settings on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch, follow these steps:
- With Wi-Fi enabled on your device, connect to the Wi-Fi signal you want to use.
- Tap the information icon, (it looks like a lower-case "i" inside a circle), for the name of the Wi-Fi network you are connected to. (The Wi-Fi network you're connected to will have a checkmark next to it.)
- First, copy the current DNS settings down, just in case you need to change the settings back to the original address.
- Select the DNS field, then select the DNS that's already listed, and enter the DNS settings you want. You'll want to enter a Primary DNS and Secondary DNS setting, so separate different DNS addresses with commas. I find that using either OpenDNS or Google DNS gives me the best results as far as speed and accuracy.
For OpenDNS, enter: 18.104.22.168, 22.214.171.124
For Google DNS, enter: 126.96.36.199, 188.8.131.52
- Tap the Wi-Fi button in the upper-left corner of the screen to return to the main Wi-Fi menu. You may see your Wi-Fi icon disappear, and then reappear as your device saves the DNS changes.
- Finally, you'll want to clear your DNS cache. The fastest way to do this is to go to enable Airplane Mode, and then disable it. That clears your DNS cache. You can also turn your device off, and then turn it back on. But the Airplane Mode method is MUCH faster.
Please note that you will need to set the DNS settings for each Wi-Fi network you connect to, if you want to use these custom DNS settings. However, your iOS device will remember the settings for each network, so you won't have to re-enter the settings for networks you've visited.


Lezgian also called Lezgi or Lezgin, is a language that belongs to the Lezgic languages. It is spoken by the Lezgins, who live in southern Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan. Lezgian is a literary language and an official language of Dagestan. It is a Caucasian language of the Nakh-Daghestanian language family ( Archi, Tabassaran, Agul, Rutul, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryz, Khinalug, and Udi ) spoken in Azerbaijan and Daghestan. More specifically, it falls under Eastern Samur group of Lezgic languages (Lezgi, Agul, Tabassaran)
Key spoken dialects: Küre and Axty in Daghestan; and Qusar (Quba) and Ismayilli in Azerbaijan. Standard Lezgi which is the standard dialect is based on the Küre dialect.


need to understand what exactly happens when you click the big execution button.
Frontend click -> Backend verifies and deploys executions -> (based on environments) orborus deploys a new worker -> worker finds actions to execute -> your app is executed.
 1. A workflow is executed
 2. The backend verifies whether you can execute and deploys to environment
 3. Orborus is listening to environment and deploys worker if it's the correct one
 4. Worker deploys actions if they have the right environment
 5. App executes and returns data back to the execution
As previously stated, a lot can go wrong. Here's the most common issues:
 - Networking (firewalls / proxies)
 - Badly formed apps.
 - Bad environment
General debugging
This part is mean to describe how to go about finding the issue you're having with executions. In most cases, you should start from the top of the list previously described in the following way:
 1. Find out what environment your action(s) are running under by clicking the App and seeing "Environment" dropdown. In this case (and default) is "Shuffle". Environments can be specified / changed under the path /admin Check execution 3
 2. Check if the workflow executed at all by finding the execution line in the shuffle-backend container. Take note that it mentions environment "Shuffle", as found in the previous step.
docker logs -f shuffle-backend
Check execution 1
 1. If it executed, check whether Orborus is running, before checking it's logs for "Container \<container_id> is created. The container_id is the worker it has deployed. Take not of the environment again at the end of the line. If you don't see this line, it's most likely because it's running in the wrong environment.
Check if shuffle-orborus is running
docker ps # Check if shuffle-orborus is running
Find whether it was deployed or not
docker logs -f shuffle-orborus # Get logs from shuffle-orborus
Check execution 2
Check environment of running shuffle-orborus container.
docker inspect shuffle-orborus | grep -i "ENV"
Expected env result where "Shuffle" corresponds to the environment Check execution 4
 1. Check whether the worker executed your app. Remember that we found \<container_id> previously by checking the logs of shuffle-orborus? Now we need that one. Workers are and will always be verbose, specifically for the reason of potential debugging.
Find logs from a docker container
docker logs -f CONTAINER_ID
Check execution 5
As can be seen in the image above, is shows the exact execution order it takes. It starts by finding the parents, before executing the child process after it's finished. Take note of the specific apps being executed as well. It says "Time to execute \<app_id> with app \<app_name:app_version>. This indicates the app THAT WILL be executed. The following lines saying "Container \<container_id> is the container created with this app.
 1. App debugging in itself might be the trickiest. There are a lot of factors like branches, bad workflow building etc that might come into play. This builds on the same concept as the worker, where you pass the container ID it specified.
Get the app logs
docker logs -f CONTAINER_ID # The CONTAINER_ID found in the previous worker logs
As you will notice, app logs can be quite verbose (optional in a later build). In essence, if you see "RUNNING NORMAL EXECUTION" in the end, there's a 99.9% chance that it worked, otherwise some issue might have occurred.
Please notify me if you need help debugging app executions ASAP, as I've done a lot of it, but it's more tricky than the other steps.
FAQ
Q: What is multiline? how is that represented when filling out the values?
A: Multiline means the field will be larger and easier to use in the UI. E.g. you can use newlines.
Q: Are there different schema types other than string?
A: The only schema type is currently string, but we'll migrate to at least have number, list, bool and object later. You can put whatever there - it's not used.
Q: How do the options function? does defining it automatically prevent user input? or can there be both?
A: The first option is always chosen (at least that's the point). Make an empty entry if it should be blank by default
Q: Would it be possible to alter the yaml format to be able to group actions into sections? this could also provide a way to section stuff in the UI presentation so it's not one giant list of actions
A: Yep, categorization will come. Not possible right now, but if you add a field like "category" to each action, we could incorporate that right away in the backend
Q: What are the possible return schema types?
A: Return schema: You can return it pretty much however you want and we'll make it into a string. Follows same as #2: We'll start using specific casting later
Q: What's the difference in using the UI app + action creation process vs manually creating the files?
A: UI App creator can only make Rest API's with specific actions. It generates the python code and api.yaml in the backend / docker image
Q: In app creation UI, what's a query?
A: Query = parameter = whatever is at the end of urls after ?: _URL_
Q: In app creation UI, what are the extra configuration items used for? examples? also, middle input box has example text cut off partway through.
A: Extra config was added recently (last 2 weeks) and was added to make it possible to e.g. add headers to all actions at once, as well as extra "required" parameters. It's not finished - this is just the start stage. If you add a name in there, it will be required to fill out as authentication mechanism from the user
Q: In app creation UI, in the "New action" popup, what are queries?
A: Fixed the links for new releases! The documentation is generally not very good for the app creator yet (lots todo here: _URL_
Q: How does Shuffle handle refresh tokens?
A: We don't yet (June 2021). The best way around this is to refresh every time.


text:
ERIC Number: ED383210
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1995
Reference Count: N/A
Aspects of Reference in Figurative Language.
Edinburgh Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, n6 p69-77 1995
This study considers some problems of reference found in figurative language, particularly in metaphor and metonymy. Analysis is based on the notion that the effects communicated by figurative language depend to a large extent on reference to more than one concept, experience, or entity, and that the presence of multiple potential referents enriches both cognitive and linguistic effects of written discourse. The text examined is a narrative entitled "Song of Solomon," by Toni Morrison, and the reference analyzed is that made to an earring. It is found that the apparently unique referent of the word is extended through metonymic and metaphoric elaboration so it acquires new cognitive senses; each use of the term in a new environment creates a unifying factor for interpretation of the entire narrative. It is concluded that while the Relative Theory of reference, which proposes that relevance is the only one necessary for satisfactory interpretation, and the principle of optimal relevance of referents are explanatory for brief, completed utterances, a complementary theory must be developed to explain a writer's use of multiple referentiality in longer narratives. (Contains 20 references.) (MSE)
Publication Type: Reports - Evaluative; Journal Articles
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers: Metonymy; Morrison (Toni); Referents (Linguistics)
Note: For complete volume, see FL 023 004.


text:
Amorphophallus is a genus of approximately 170 tropical and subtropical tuberous herbaceous plants belonging
to the Arum family (Araceae). The name 'Amorphophallus' is derived from the Greek words 'amorphos' and 'phallos', meaning'shapeless penis', in reference to the prominent spadix appendix of the inflorescence. The inflorescence of this species emits a scent of decaying meat or fish in order to attract insects such as flies that pollinate the flowers. The flowering period of this species in cultivation at NTBG was observed to last about one week.


text:
- Psychology & the public
- What we do
- Member networks
- Careers, education & training
Rituals and religion help footballers cope
Superstitions can help footballers control their anxiety before a game. That is the finding of research presented at the British Psychology Society Annual Conference, held at the Grand Connaught Rooms, London this week.
Patrick Ofori from the University of Stirling interviewed 10 members of the Ghana team taking part in the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa about their superstitions and religious experiences. These included both formal religious rituals and individual superstitions like a lucky mascot
Comments from the players included, "My prayers give me self-belief in my abilities and confidence to play without fear", and "I feel really good any time that I do them and am able to play well too."
The interviews were transcribed and then analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. This is a technique for discovering how individuals make sense of their personal and social worlds.The analysis of the transcripts revealed that superstitious and religious rituals can be helpful or unhelpful to players depending how they are learned.
Patrick Ofori commented: "Coaches and psychologists should encourage athletes to own their rituals and integrate them into their wider coping strategies, because our findings suggest that superstitions and religious rituals can help immunise elite footballers against anxiety. They seem to increase their self-confidence and make them feel more in control of events too."
- Most Read
- Most Comments
- Register of Applied Psychology Practice Supervisors
- Raising awareness of adult autism


text:
J-Pole Antennas for 2 Meters
- This paper describes two types of 2 meter J-Pole antennas, one made of copper pipe and a roll-up J-pole made of TV twin lead. The figures give the details of the dimensions, components and construction.
EH antennas and CFA antenna
- Many antennas function because of common mode currents, rather than working in spite of them. Two popular examples are CFA and EH antennas. Another recent example, appearing in Antennex's compact antenna articles, is a thick stub "vertical" with no counterpoise.
- The J-Pole antenna is an omnidirectional antenna that can be used for base, mobile and field day stations. It does not need a ground plane, radials or a complicated matching system. The J-Pole can be cheaply, simply and quickly constructed using a variety of techniques, some of which are discussed in this article.
- High Performance LightweightAntennas. The spider beam is a full size lightweight tribander yagi for 20/15/10m, made from fiberglass and wire.
It has been specially developed as a highly efficient antenna for dx-pedition and portable use.
Dino's Tower Service
- Located in North Florida, specializing in tower installations, antenna assembly, and wire antennas. Experience includes a variety of antennas and towers from Rohn 25 up to Rohn 65 and rotating tower systems (KOXG).


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dc.contributor.authorAgre, P
dc.contributor.authorWaugh, R E
dc.date.accessioned2010-02-03T19:05:30Z
dc.date.available2010-02-03T19:05:30Z
dc.date.issued1988-01
dc.identifier.citationJ Clin Invest. 1988 January; 81(1): 133–141. doi: 10.1172/JCI113284en
dc.identifier.urihttp://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/33788
dc.description.abstractHereditary spherocytosis is a common hemolytic anemia associated with deficiencies in spectrin, the principal structural protein of the erythrocyte membrane-skeleton. We have examined 20 different individuals from 10 spherocytosis kindreds and 2 elliptocytosis kindreds to determine the effects of different levels of spectrin deficiency on the viscoelastic properties of the erythrocyte membrane. Micropipettes were used to perform single-cell micromechanical measurements of approximately 1,000 individual cells to determine the membrane elastic shear modulus, the apparent membrane bending stiffness, and whole cell recovery time constant for the different cell populations. The membrane viscosity was calculated by the product of the shear modulus and the recovery time constant. Results show correlation between the fractional reduction in shear modulus and the fractional reduction in spectrin content (determined by spectrin radioimmunoassay) and spectrin density (determined by the ratios of spectrin to band 3 on electrophoresis gels) suggesting that membrane shear elasticity is directly proportional to the surface density of spectrin on the membrane (P less than 0.001). The apparent membrane bending stiffness is also reduced in proportion to the density of spectrin (P less than 0.001). The membrane viscosity is reduced relative to control (P less than 0.001), but the nature of the relationship between spectrin density and membrane viscosity is less clearly defined. These studies document striking relationships between partial deficiencies of erythrocyte spectrin and specific viscoelastic properties of the mutant membranes.en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherAmerican Society for Clinical Investigationen
dc.subjectSpherocytosis, Hereditary/blooden
dc.subjectSpectrin/deficiencyen
dc.subjectErythrocyte Membrane/physiologyen
dc.subjectErythrocyte Deformabilityen
dc.titleReductions of erythrocyte membrane viscoelastic coefficients reflect spectrin deficiencies in hereditary spherocytosisen
dc.typeArticleen
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The Academic Villages
The Academic Villages are both a residence hall and an academic community.The Academic Villages offer privacy with the comforts of home in a full-size, apartment-style accommodation. Village Hall, located in the center of the Academic Villages, is home to the Coffeehouse where students commonly gather to grab coffee, a sandwich, or dessert. The Villages is often a meeting space for students and is host to many student activities. The Villages help students build a sense of belonging and forge new friendships as they participate in Village programs. Student can enjoy lectures, field trips, and performances. The Village welcomes commuters and residents alike to participate in this unique community of scholars.
There are six individual buildings and each building houses eight apartments.
Apollo House
Athena House
Franklin House
Marshal House
Mead House
Selene House