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How To Test A Relay Without A Multimeter
If the relay reflects continuity, replace it. When the circuit inside the relay has power, the prongs should not have any resistance between them.
The reading should match the battery voltage.
How to test a relay without a multimeter. A voltage drop is the result of high resistance. Also check for discontinuity between n/c contacts and pole. How to test a relay without multimeter?
Unscrew the bulb and get the battery. After you access the relay and compressor on your fridge, use a multimeter to test the ports to make sure it has a low resistance. · how to test a relay with a multimeter.
To check the relay whether it's good or faulty one, we need to check the resistance of a coil.in the relay, there is a coil and that coil has some resistance, using that resistance knowledge we can find that the relay is a good one or not. The indication of the multimeter should basically match the coil resistance of the relay. The purpose of testing a relay is to find, whether it is good or bad.
Luckily, the ptc relay is something you can easily check and replace yourself if you need to. And one of the best ways to do this is to use a multimeter with an ohmmeter setting and then measuring the resistance values. Place the fuse of one of the battery "blades" and the base of the bulb on the other side of the fuse.
Aside from the standard tests that come with a digital multimeter, problems with your fuel pump could require you to perform a voltage drop test. Set the multimeter in continuity test mode.; · how to test a relay with a multimeter.
To check any relay to make sure it's working properly the only tool you really need is a multimeter. If the multimeter beeps (or show any sign of continuity), the coil is electrically closed (good).; Testing continuity in a wire, current, or fuse is a good idea if you're installing or repairing any electrical components in an outlet, fuse box, car, or appliance.
Facebook twitter pinterest linkedin telegram Use a digital multimeter (dmm) to test the resistance between each pole of the relay and the corresponding nc and no contacts for that pole. The multimeter is placed in the "r×100" or "r×1k" gear, and the two test leads (regardless of positive and negative) are connected to the two pins of the relay coil (shown in figure 5).
The purpose of testing a relay is to find, whether it is good or bad. Connect the negative probe on the multimeter (black) to any ground wired pin and connect the positive probe (red. In this case, you need to have the diode reading to test this type of relay.
The purpose of testing a relay is to find, whether it is good or bad. Probe the main wire leading from the relay with the test light. Check the multimeter for a 0 reading to know the relay still functions.
Place the red probe of your multimeter on the terminal connection of the red wire from the battery. Set the multimeter to 20v dc; If the multimeter does not beep, the coil is open & damaged.the relay needs to be replaced.;
A strong click from the starter relay shows its working while a series of weak click or a single weak click show its bad and needs replacement. Once you have the relay removed you can set the multimeter to measure dc voltage and check to see if there are 12 volts located at pin 85 in the fuse box where the relay plugs in. To test continuity, all you have to do is stick 2 terminals on your multimeter against 2 ends of an electrical current.
In this post, i am going to teach you how to test a relay with a multimeter. For example, a low power circuit in a car that commands the high power headlights to come on would send the command through a 4 terminal relay. Crowbarring a 12v battery is a catastrophe which is scarilly easy to do on a relay with redundant pins and poor pin markings.
If the relay still works, you may also need to check the compressor to make sure it's still functioning. Place the probes of the multimeter on the coil terminals; Check the relay's coil terminals using a multimeter:
Remove the test light, set the multimeter to dc volts, and touch the leads across the switch pins or test light connectors, as shown. Conversely, a relay that is in good condition should give a result of 0.5 or 0.7 depending on the type of relay. When a relay is not working, then the meter will read zero or ol.
To test a relay to see whether it is good or defective, the simplest way to do would be to use a multimeter set to the ohmmeter setting and measure various resistance values of the relay. This test is just like what you have done in the case of testing a silicon diode (see testing a silicon diode). If the bulb lights, it means the relay is working.
How to test a relay with a multimeter. Look at the readout on the multimeter's screen to see if it reads 0, meaning the circuit has no resistance between the points. In this post, i am going to teach you how to test a relay with a multimeter.
A 4 terminal relay is used so a low power circuit may engage a high power circuit without risk of damage to the low power control circuit. All nc contacts should read 0 ohms to the corresponding pole. Now check for continuity between n/o contacts and pole.
And one of the best ways to do this is to use a multimeter with an ohmmeter setting and then measuring the resistance values. How to test a relay (car relay). The multimeter will read the voltage applied to the relay.
Place the meter's test wires across the power and control terminals. All no contacts should read infinite resistance to the corresponding pole. In this post, i am going to teach you how to test a relay with a multimeter.
How to test a relay. And one of the best ways to do this is to use a multimeter with an ohmmeter setting and then measuring the resistance values. Turn your multimeter on and set it to the ohms setting.
Use these tips to learn how to test a 4 terminal relay. If your meter does not have a continuity function or for some reason does not show any sign of. To test a fuse without multimeter, take a flashlight equipped with a flat battery.
The relay will engage with clicking sound. This test requires some more knowledge than selecting the right dial on your multimeter and plugging in the leads. As a final test, measure the resistance of the relay coil using a multimeter and check whether it is matching to the value stated by the manufacturer.
In this article, we will show what resistance readings you should get when you measure various points of a relay. Unscrew the bulb and get the battery.


Step 9: Manually adding participants
Published 2/1/17, 4:02 PM, by Aaron Bird
This tutorial will explain how to manually add a rider to an event. This could be in response to a postal entry.
The steps to manually add a participant can be summarised as:
 1. If you already know the CTT ID of the participant, you should use this ID and add the new participant
 2. If you do not know the CTT ID, you should search for the ID using the participants first name, last name and gender. If a match is found, you should use this CTT ID
 3. If you are 100% there is not already a CTT ID for this rider in the system, you should add the participant and then use the issued CTT ID.


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Fleshreavers are flying blood-soaked demonic creatures found in groups living in places teeming with death and decay throughout the world. They also more often than not stick close to other shadowy beings. Oddly, in contrast to their grim appearances, the weapons they wield shine bright in the dark lairs they call home.
Fleshreavers have an unusual method of evolution. A young fleshreaver is born as barely more than a small skeleton; the parents assure the survival of their young by layering muscle, tissue, and flesh over the delicate newborn.
Sewn together by older fleshreavers, they use only the finest musculature and bone from prey to flesh out the body and wings of their young, carving horns from the discarded bone fragments. Once a fledging fleshreaver has been fully created, it must continue the handiwork of its parents, acquiring new flesh pieces and better musculature to attach to its skeletal structure in order to replace its rapidly growing form.
- See also: Category:Fleshreavers
Concept art by Kekai Kotaki.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


William McKinley, Optimal Reneging, and the Spanish-American War
34 Pages Posted: 7 Mar 2017 Last revised: 24 May 2019
Date Written: March 6, 2017
President William McKinley's decision to go to war with Spain is not well understood. Since McKinley kept very few written records, little is known about his actual thought process. As a result, historians have struggled with the apparent contradiction between McKinley's initial commitment to peace and subsequent decision to go to war and tend to focus on identifying outside forces that can explain the reversal. In this paper, I develop a model of optimal reneging. Contrary to conventional narratives among historians that McKinley's decision to go to war was a contradiction of his earlier position, my model suggests that McKinley's decision can be understood as an optimal timing problem. I start with the premise that a country would prefer to enter conflict only when its military capability is sufficient to make a victory likely. Thus, a country will commit to peace until its military capability reaches some threshold. Once military capability reaches this threshold, it is optimal to renege on a commitment to peace. I conduct simulations of the model to determine the likelihood that McKinley would renege during his first term. I find that if the ex ante estimate of the benefits of war were 2 - 2.6 times the ex ante estimate of cost, then the probability of reneging after one year is approximately 1% - 18%. If the perceived benefits were 2.7 times the ex ante estimate of cost (or greater), entry during McKinley's first term is certain.
Keywords: War, Political Economy, William McKinley, Spanish-American War
JEL Classification: H56, N41
Suggested Citation
Hendrickson, Joshua R., William McKinley, Optimal Reneging, and the Spanish-American War (March 6, 2017). Available at SSRN: _URL_ or _URL_
Joshua R. Hendrickson (Contact Author)
University of Mississippi ( email )
Oxford, MS 38677
United States
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Quick Answer: What Does G Mean In Grades?
Is a Grade 7 GOOD?
A grade 4 is similar to an old grade C.
Relatively few students will achieve grade 9s as they will effectively be rationed..
What does F mean on a report card?
Is a 76 passing in college?
What grade P means?
Pass/fail gradesTo receive the grade of P, the student must be doing work comparable to a D or better. If a course is taken under the pass/fail option, the grade of P or F will be permanently recorded. If the course is passed, the units of credit will be applied toward graduation. Pass/fail grades are NOT included in the GPA.
What is a Grade 1 in GCSE?
What is the new grading scale for GCSE qualifications? The reformed GCSE qualifications will be awarded on a grade scale of 9 (the highest grade) to 1 (the lowest). … broadly the same proportion of students will achieve a grade 1 and above as currently achieve a grade G and above.
What do GCSE grades 1 9 mean?
GCSEs are graded 9 to 1, rather than A* to G. Grade 9 is the highest grade, set above the current A*. The grades were given for the first time in 2017 results for specifications that first started teaching in 2015. From 2019, all GCSE results will be using the new system. See Ofqual's GCSE grading diagrams.
What does S stand for in grading?
satisfactoryS. For an activity course or a course in which the instructor elects to grade students only on a satisfactory/no credit basis, the 'S' represents performance that is "satisfactory" and equivalent to letter grade of 'C-' or better. For such a course, no letter grades may be assigned for satisfactorily completed work.
What does an R mean on a report card?
What is a Grade 6 GCSE?
Grade 6 – this is a high to middle B. Grade 5 – this is being called a Strong Pass at GCSE, and is currently placed between a low B and a high C. Grade 4 – this is also a pass at GCSE, described as a Standard Pass, and is equivalent to a C grade.
Is a 3 a pass in English?
A 3 is equivalent to a D/E grade while grade 4 is seen as a low pass and a grade 5 as a strong pass. Most employers and training providers look for the A-C/9-4 in maths.
Is 6 a good grade?
What does G mean on a report card?
goodThe cutoffs between these letter grades might be more subjective. Often E is for excellent, G is for good, S is for satisfactory, and NI is for needs improvement. Some schools may also have their own alternative letter scale.
What does R mean in grades?
I got an "R" grade. … The NC (NC) and R (Repeat) grades are non-penalty grades assigned to specific college courses in Grading System I. If you received either an NC or an R grade, the bad news is that you are required to repeat the course in order to receive credit for it.
What is a Grade 9 equivalent to?
Exams watchdog Ofqual says fewer grade 9s are awarded than A*s, and that anyone who gets a 9 has "performed exceptionally". A 4 is broadly equivalent to a C grade, although Ofqual warns against "direct comparisons and overly simplistic descriptions".
Is a grade D pass or fail?
What does P mean on a report card?
PROFICIENTPROFICIENT—A score of ES or P means your child is. successful in using the content and processes at the grade level. NOT YET PROFICIENT—A score of I or N means your. child is still working on the content and processes instructed at the grade level.
Is s rank better than a rank?
S as a ranking above A originates from Japanese games. … The 'S-Rank' allowed for a wider range of obtainable grades and thus player motivation, meaning that it was soon adopted by western developers who realized that the 'S-Rank' was much cooler than the boring 'A'.
What does G stand for in GCSE results?
pass gradesLetter grades When GCSEs were first introduced in 1988, they were graded on a letter scale in each subject: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G being pass grades, with a U (unclassified) grade below that which did not qualify the student for a certificate.


Chameleon Technologies - scalability
In order to generate the required large quantities of training data, efficient scalability is a must
Chameleon Technologies - Scalability
In order to allow for generating the large quantities of data required, the Chameleon platform incorporates several proprietary technologies.
In creating the virtual world, we use sophisticated methods to populate the scenario in real-time as the simulation takes place. There are also pseudo-random movements of actors and vehicles to ensure that the broadest possible spread of conditions can be recorded.
The scripting engine is designed to allow for multiple passes through the simulator whilst adjusting parameters
The Scenario files themselves are text files that can also be edited to create new scenarios with ease
The underlying software itself has been carefully written to maximize the use of available system resources, so can utilize multiple CPU threads and processors, as well as utilizing any available GPU resource. Further, it is designed to be containerized, using technologies such as Kubernetes and Docker to provide massive parallelization opportunities.
Multi Time of Day
Multi Camera


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How is granulated plastic made?
Jugo-Impex produces granulated plastic through a recycling process. This way we reduce the amount of waste polluting our environment as well as restore the used plastic into the production processes.
It all starts by collecting waste plastic materials from various sources and their classification depending on their qualities and other properties. Usually, the plastic is separated from the cables from which we also extract copper and PVC using a special separation machine.
The possible uses for the granulated plastic obtained through recycling are the same as any plastic raw materials. The granulated plastic produced by the Jugo-Impex company offers the same qualities and properties as newly bought granulated plastic, so they can reduce costs significantly while performing exactly the same in further production processes.
Regardless of the purpose you need granulated plastic for or the amount, you should contact us and we will place all our knowledge and skill at your disposal.


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We use telescopes to observe things that are far away. We use microscopes to glimpse things that are very tiny. And now we can use EarthScope to peer inside of the earth!
EarthScope is an ambitious, multifaceted program to investigate the structure, dynamics, and history of the North American continent. The complexity of geologic processes requires contributions from investigators across the Earth sciences, working both as individuals and as members of multidisciplinary collaborative teams. The EarthScope program initiatives are outlined in the 2010-2020 EarthScope Science Plan.
EarthScope is funded by the National Science Foundation.
Map of USArray locations.
The SPREE project is capturing nationwide attention with an article in the science journal "Nature".
Recent geologic events are now highlighted on the EarthScope website as "Geo Events"
The PBO H2O initiative is an interdisciplinary research program using reflected signals recorded by the Plate Boundary Observatory...
In the fall 2012 inSights Newsletter, Dr. Hersh Gilbert, Purdue University discusses the use of EarthScope seismic data collected from the transportable array USArray in achieving a greater understanding of the evolution of the North American Continent


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Shoot your alarm clock to turn it off each morning. but wouldn't you have to grab the gun which takes the same time as turning the alarm clock off. and then you'd have to shoot the target when you're half asleep to turn the darn thing off.
One pot, two lives; a planter and a fishtank in one to promote a beautiful example of simbiotic living. While the fish's waste provides nutrients for the plant, the plant filters the water that it is fed to provide clean water for the fish.


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SAN ANTONIO – In the summer-long process of blending her love for chemistry with art, Trinity University junior Madeline Corona has become equal parts researcher, historian, operator of a handheld X-ray gun, and detective.
As an Earl C. Sams Foundation Fellow, she has collaborated with three Trinity professors and two San Antonio iconic institutions – the Alamo and the San Antonio Museum of Art – to learn about ancient art and artifacts through their chemical properties. "It's been like a dream come true," she said.
Born in San Antonio but a Boston-area resident for the last 10 years, Corona returned "home" to Trinity to study chemistry. She realized after her first four semesters that she didn't want to teach, go to medical school, or enter the pharmaceutical field – some of the common career paths for chem majors. In the background was her interest in art conservation, but Corona was uncertain how to blend pure science with the humanities.
At a campus lecture last spring, she spoke by chance with chemistry professor Michelle Bushey, who told Corona about a portable device acquired in 2010 that that uses X-ray fluorescence techniques to help art historians analyze elements of pigments, glazes, and other components of pottery and sculpture. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the XRF reveals information that can guide conservators in answering preservation questions and solving other mysteries. Essentially, the instrument identifies elements on the surface of the object that can't be detected just by looking at it, Bushey explained.
The first Trinity student to be trained on the XRF, Corona was asked to take readings that would begin to confirm or debunk a claim by a German scholar that an ornate marble Roman sarcophagus on the first floor of the San Antonio Museum of Art is a fraud, not from A.D. 130-150 as the piece is described.
"All they told me was to use the XRF on Roman statues," Corona said, adding that she had no idea about the suspicious authenticity of the tomb in the Gilbert Denman Gallery for Ancient Sculpture until she arrived at the museum for a morning's work.
Jessica Powers, curator of SAMA's Art of the Ancient Mediterranean World, said the sarcophagus in question was acquired in 1990 but was described four years later as the work of a "skillful forger" by a German scholar who has since died and whose field notes are lost. Because Powers is writing a book about the gallery's artifacts, she felt the objections needed to be explored. The XRF work will not yield a final answer, but it launches the investigation and affords valuable field experience for Corona, Powers said.
Indeed, Corona said her summer research has been "an amazing opportunity that I never thought I would get. I'd like to attend graduate school for art conservation, and this could open doors for me because it's a small field."
In addition to her SAMA work, she joined Bushey at the Alamo, where officials from the shrine found unusual pigments on the wall. The Trinity team climbed scaffolding to take readings to help the conservator determine whether the pigments contain mercury or lead – data that could signal the type of chemicals to use for preservation and to learn more about the history of the Alamo. For Corona, the site work had special meaning since she was born at the nearby Nix Hospital.
In addition, Corona studied with Kate Ritson, professor of art and art history, and with Nicolle Hirschfeld, associate professor of classical studies, to determine if potmarks on ancient vases were applied before or after the objects were fired, a detail that is important to the study of trade routes and exchanges in the Ancient Mediterranean.
"This is an amazing interdisciplinary collaboration," Bushey said. "It's not unusual for chemistry to partner with biology, for example. But for chemistry to collaborate with classical studies or art and art history, that's distinctive."
Corona is one of two Earl C. Sams Foundation Fellows at Trinity this summer. The other is senior Alexa Goers of Oshkosh, Wis., who spent the summer in China studying the tectonic history and timing of continental collisions with Dan Lehrmann, the Pyron Professor of Geosciences at Trinity.
Both projects epitomize the summer research experience at Trinity, said Claudia Scholz, research programs coordinator in Trinity's Academic Affairs. "Their projects span field and laboratory research, sciences and humanities disciplines, past and present, global questions and local impact," she said, adding:
"Summer research experiences allow Trinity students to extend and expand on their education during the summer. Students work hand-in-hand with faculty on research; they are not mere assistants but true collaborators in this work. Summer research fellowships allow students to pursue these enriching experiences who might otherwise have to take summer jobs unrelated to their career goals just to earn money."
About Trinity University
Trinity University, founded in 1869, is one of the nation's top private undergraduate institutions. Noted for its superior academic quality, outstanding faculty, and exceptional academic and residential resources, Trinity is committed to the intellectual, civic, and professional preparation of its student
About the Earl C. Sams Foundation
The Earl C. Sams Foundation of Corpus Christi was created by Sams in New York in 1946 with shares of stock from the J.C. Penney Co., which he helped to establish. Sams and his wife had two daughters who married Texans and settled in South Texas. They were Gladys Porter and Camille Lightner, for whom Trinity's Lightner Residence Hall and Lightner Tea Room are named. The Foundation was reincorporated in Texas in 1988. Trinity has a long history with the family, which also contributed to the Sams Gymnasium, built more than 40 years ago.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How an 18th-century farmer's advice can help you to lower your risk when investing
Posted on June 10, 2021 at 11am
If we told you that a farmer's advice can help you to protect your investment portfolio, you might wonder if we've been watching too much Countryfile lately. But as strange as this might sound, it's also true.
To best understand this, we're going to step back in time to the 18th century, when a growing British population meant agriculture needed to rapidly change.
Some of the key lessons that they learned in this period can also be applied to the modern day. Read on to find out what an 18th-century farmer can teach you about protecting your investments.
Farmers increasingly diversified their crops to protect them from harvest failures
In the 18th century, the UK underwent a population boom, growing from around eight million in 1700 to more than 10 million in 1800. This growth meant that there were a lot more mouths to feed and so farmers had to adapt their methods.
Not only did they need to increase their yields, but they also had to reduce the likelihood of harvest failures, which were a significant issue at the time. Unlike in the modern day, because travel was so slow, it often wasn't possible to simply ship in food from another country when blight or bad weather affected their produce.
One of the ways that farmers began to adapt was to grow a more diverse selection of crops. Prior to this, many people had typically only grown monocultures of grains, such as wheat.
The obvious problem with this is that while you may get a strong harvest when times are good, they were also putting all their eggs in one basket. If the weather was not ideal for wheat to grow, or the region was impacted by a blight, then they ran the risk of all their crops failing.
Gradually, more and more people began to experiment with their practices to make their farms more resistant to harvest failures.
Instead of growing only one type of grain, they switched to growing several at once – where they used to grow only wheat, they switched to a mix of wheat, rye, and barley.
By diversifying what they grew, farmers could significantly reduce the risk of harvest failure, as a blight would only impact part of their crops. While rye bread may not be as tasty as bread made from wheat, it was definitely better than an empty stomach.
Working with professional agriculturalists helped many farmers to modernise
Another way that farmers benefited in this period was from the increasing professionalisation of agriculture. This was a period when farming became a science, and this meant that many farmers could benefit from others' knowledge.
Agriculture became increasingly professionalised in this period, particularly by scientists such as Charles Townsend, Robert Bakewell, and Jethro Tull, the latter's name you may recognise as the inspiration for the 60s rock band.
While many farmers could individually experiment with their practices, the work of these agriculturalists helped to speed up the process by adding a touch of professionalism.
They championed the widespread adoption of new fertilisers and encouraged farmers to grow nitrogen-fixing plants, such as beans and legumes, to improve soil quality. These helped improve yields and maximised the returns that farmers could get from a piece of land.
The professional agriculturalists also helped farmers to avoid amateur mistakes that were affecting their harvests.
For example, many farmers used had previously sown seeds by throwing them over lightly tilled soil. While this may have seemed like a good method, many of those seeds were lost due to being eaten by birds while others were planted too close together or too shallowly.
Instead, the professionals recommended the use of new seed-planting drills, which involved using machines to distribute the seeds evenly and plant them at the correct depth. This helped to ensure that the sowing gave the maximum yield.
Working with a professional can be the most effective way to grow your investments
While there isn't typically much overlap between farmers and investors, except perhaps for a shared love of bull markets, there are still some useful lessons to be learned.
One of them is the importance of diversifying your assets in order to protect your portfolio from market shocks. By spreading out your investments across different sectors, and different geographical areas, you can lower the risk that an economic downturn wipes them out.
Another important lesson is that working with professionals can be very useful. Like the farmers who took the advice of expert agriculturalists, by working with an adviser you can invest in a more effective way, helping you to grow your wealth faster.
Furthermore, while amateur investors can sometimes see strong returns, they don't typically do it as reliably as people who work with a professional. According to research by the International Longevity Centre, clients who sought professional advice were better off by £47,000 over a period of 10 years, on average.
This is because advised clients had a greater understanding of investing and so felt more confident in their ability to take risks, which led to higher returns.
As we discussed in our previous blog about the risks of investing based on unsubstantiated advice, one of the most important ways that working with an adviser can help is by acting as a sounding board. This can help you to get useful feedback about your investments, allowing you to make properly informed decisions to grow your wealth.
Get in touch
If you want to invest more effectively but aren't sure of the best way to do so, we can help. Email or click here to request a callback from one of our advisers.
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Who is to blame for accidents involving livestock?
| Jun 1, 2017 | livestock automobile accidents |
People who live in Colorado know that between the mountains and the plains, this state is home to a diverse population of wildlife. There are also massive farms and ranches where livestock can be found. The abundance of animal life here is awe-inspiring, but it does come with some hazards.
For instance, motorists in this state are at a very real risk of getting into an accident with an animal. So, it can be important for Colorado residents to understand who, if anyone, can be held responsible for serious accidents involving livestock.
Ranchers or farmers
Under Colorado laws, livestock owners are prohibited from allowing their animals to run at large or graze in public roads and highways. Those who fail to take the steps necessary to fence in animals or otherwise keep them away from such areas can be accountable for damages. However, it can be a legal challenge to show that the owner knew or should have known that the animals were in places they were not supposed to be.
Truckers or trucking companies
Transporting livestock can present some serious problems if the trucker, the trucking company or any other party associated with loading and securing the animals acts negligently or recklessly. In the event of a crash, animals can escape and cause serious hazards for drivers, particularly if the animals were improperly secured.
No one
Unfortunately, there are instances in which there is no one to blame for an accident involving an animal. If the animal is wild or if it escaped without the owner knowing, then there may be no basis for negligence, recklessness or willful misconduct.
Establishing liability will be crucial in pursuing damages
In order to file a legal claim seeking compensation for the damages suffered in a serious accident, victims and their families first need to figure out who is liable. It may be a rancher or a trucker, who will likely try to deny having any responsibility and argue that no one is to blame. Some might even blame the injured party.
In order to protect yourself and pursue the damages you need and deserve, it can be critical that you discuss your case with an attorney who is familiar with the unique challenges of car accident claims involving livestock.


text: Thriving on musical extremes, Hendrix mastered balls-out incendiary electric blues soloing, but tempered it with a gentler approach to his ballads, one that acknowledged R&B greats such as Curtis Mayfield and Pops Staples, and even country pianist Floyd Cramer. On the flip side of Hendrix's universe, Examples 3 and 4 guide you through some characteristic Hendrix-style ballad moves derived from familiar A major, dominant, and minor chord shapes played in the fifth position. Similar partial-chord runs are applied to make magic over the Em-G-Am-Em progression in Ex. 5. Fly on, brother.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Instruction Guide: EV3 - Menu Systems
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This lesson has six resources.
The primary instructional materials are the PowerPoint/pdf files from EV3Lessons; one set for the Basic Sequencer, another for the Intermediate Menu System and finally the advanced Menu System.
The PowerPoint (and pdf version) contains all the information needed for the lesson. The corresponding EV3 code includes the multi-step development of these menus systems.
 1. The first part of the lesson describes the basic sequencer and how to build one using the brick buttons to sequence through programs in order
 2. The second part of the lesson shows a technique for building an intermediate level menu system using the brick buttons to select up to four programs in any order
 3. The third part of the lesson shows a technique for building an advanced menu system using variables to implement an on-screen menu system
Ensure students can explain the purpose and functionality of each approach and demonstrate their operation


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Registration for 3D model of human atlas based on vertex information
Journal: Yiyong Shengwu Lixue/Journal of Medical Biomechanics
Objective: To develop a registration method for 3D human atlas models by using geometric information of the vertices so as to lay a foundation for statistical modeling of atlas. Methods: Based on CT images of the normal human, thirty 3D models of human atlases were created and marked by the manual selected points, including 1 standard module, 20 training sets and 9 testing samples. The training sets were first registered with the standard module, including calculation on geometric information of the individual vertex and optimization process of weight coefficients in the registration models. By minimizing the energy function defined with the Euclidean distances between the automatic registered points and the manual selected points in training sets, the optimized weight coefficients could be obtained. The testing samples were then registered with the standard module to calculate the Euclidean distances between the automatic registered points and the manual selected points. The results were then compared with the training sets to evaluate the stability of the registration method. Results: The registration function and the corresponding optimized weight coefficients were obtained, and the average errors for the training sets and testing samples were 1.983 mm and 2.045 mm, respectively. Further statistical analysis showed that there were no obvious differences in the error distributions among the training sets and testing samples. Conclusions: The accuracy and stability of the proposed registration method meet the requirement in medical applications, and it can provide automatic registration of points of interest on human atlas models and be used for element classification in statistical modeling.


text:
Puget Sound Maritime Historical Society, in partnership with The Center for Wooden Boats and MOHAI, has created a heritage trunk for classroom use. "Digging the Lake" introduces students to the varied themes that make up the history and geography of an urban lake, using the Lake Union Underwater Archaeology Project as a focus. Photos, videos, maps, suggested activities, and resource materials allow elementary and middle school students to learn about methods of historical research, including the use of primary and secondary sources and the role of underwater archaeology. The trunk also includes diving equipment that children may try on.
The trunk is available to rent through the Museum of History and Industry's Education Department. To arrange to rent the trunk, go to MOHAI's Portable Museum Request Form on their website.


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OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between the ability of a different strains of meningococci to survive in whole blood and the age of the donor. METHODS: A panel of serogroup B and a serogroup C strain of Neisseria meningitidis was tested in an ex vivo whole blood model. Blood from 81 healthy children and 20 adults and from children during convalescence from serogroup B (55 patients) or serogroup C (43 patients) meningococcal infection was assessed. RESULTS: Age-dependent acquisition of whole blood killing of serogroup B and C bacterial isolates was demonstrated in healthy children with an inverse relationship to the reported incidence of disease. After infection with serogroup B or C meningococci, evidence of whole blood killing of the bacteria was found even in blood from children <2 years of age, the survival of a serogroup B strain, MC58, being reduced compared with that in healthy children (median, 64% compared with 194.5% survival at 90 min). In both affected children and controls, there was a significant correlation between whole blood killing of strain MC58 and of other serogroup B and C meningococci. CONCLUSIONS: The whole blood model measures both humoral and cellular mechanisms responsible for the bactericidal activity of blood. The model was first described 80 years ago, but this is the first description of its age dependency. Acquisition of bactericidal activity was more rapid in children infected and is directed at various strains of meningococci, indicating the presence of a cross-reactive antigen(s).
Original publication
Journal article
Pediatr Infect Dis J
Publication Date
868 - 873
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Antibodies, Bacterial, Blood Bactericidal Activity, Carrier State, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross Reactions, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Meningococcal Infections, Neisseria meningitidis, Reference Values, Risk Assessment, Serotyping, Serum Bactericidal Test, Statistics, Nonparametric, Time Factors


TextBoxBase.AcceptsTab Property

Gets or sets a value that indicates how the text editing control responds when the user presses the TAB key.
Namespace: System.Windows.Controls.Primitives
Assembly: PresentationFramework (in PresentationFramework.dll)
member AcceptsTab : bool with get, set
Property Value
Type: System.Boolean
true if pressing the TAB key inserts a tab character at the current cursor position; false if pressing the TAB key moves the focus to the next control that is marked as a tab stop and does not insert a tab character.
The default value is false.
The TAB key corresponds to VK_TAB virtual-key code.
Identifier field
AcceptsTabProperty
Metadata properties set to true
None
.NET Framework
Available since 3.0
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Transformer Example Index: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
02: Tran_Differential
Tran_Differential Definition download .ghx
In this sample, a vertical axes is linked to multiple axes at 90 degrees to the vertical axis. The horizontal rotations are a function of the vertical rotation. The modeling process is straightforward. To clarify the geometric structure, each successive coordinate system is displaced by a small amount. Reducing this amount to zero brings all objects to a central point.
The Z-axis of the differentialCS coordinate system defines the vertical axis. ... more on Design Patterns CA
Tran_Differential Manipulations
Tran_Differential Manipulations


unit logo
Flextime is a work option when an employee of the university works an approved alternate work schedule that enables completion of the traditional 40 hours per week in fewer or more than five full workdays. Flextime may include varying the time of day an employee works, the days of the week an employee works, or both. Departments must ensure that flextime is administered consistently and equitably within the department and that flextime arrangements conform to university policy and collective bargaining agreements.
The University of Florida supports the concept and use of flexible scheduling of employee work hours. In establishing flextime, the department has the discretion to determine if staffing coverage is adequate and sufficient to meet the operating requirements of the department. Flextime should not cause a reduction in the levels of service presently being provided.
Can my department change my flextime work schedule once it is established?
 - The department may, at its discretion, implement, continue, discontinue, or modify flextime work schedules. Employees should, however, be given a two-week notice prior to changing their schedule.
Can my flextime work schedule require me to work more than 40 hours per week?
 - The normal work week of 40 hours shall be observed. No flextime schedule shall be approved requiring more than 40 hours of actual work in a workweek. Overtime, if worked by a nonexempt employee, must be compensated at one and half.
Can my flextime work schedule require me to work less than 40 hours per week?
 - Alternate work schedules, such as rotating shifts, compressed workweek, etc., may be developed to allow departments to provide services outside traditional hours of work or to meet employee needs; however, such schedule adjustments may not result in an employee's working fewer than his/her prescribed hours during a workweek or pay period.
How long am I allowed for a lunch break when working a flextime work schedule?
 - Employees at the university work a variety of schedules and are permitted varying amounts of time for lunch depending upon their regular working schedule. Typically, a lunch break is minimally 30 minutes long and is set by the supervisor.
Can my department require me to work certain "core" hours?
 - Core hours may be established by departments and are the hours during which all employees must be on the job.
Will my paid leave accruals change when working a flextime work schedule?
 - Computation of vacation/overtime/sick leave is the same for employees working flextime as for those working a standard schedule and is based on actual hours worked in the UF workweek of Friday through Thursday.
How many hours of holiday time am I allowed to use?
 - The maximum holiday leave benefit an employee can use is eight hours. Therefore, even if an employee typically works a ten-hour day, he or she will only be entitled to an eight-hour holiday benefit.
What if a holiday falls on my normal day off?
 - If a holiday falls on an employee's normal day off, he or she is still eligible for that holiday benefit leave time. The employee, with agreement from the department, may use that benefit time on another normally scheduled work day, typically within the same workweek.


Article Text
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Some undesirable traps which can mislead the pathologist
 1. Victor Mercier1,
 2. Milène Sasso1,
 3. Pascal Kouyoumdjian2,
 4. Damien Sizaret3,
 5. Simon Benzimra4,
 6. Samia Gonzalez5,
 7. Guillaume Desoubeaux6
 1. 1CNRS, Université Montpellier - IRD, Nîmes, France
 2. 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nîmes and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
 3. 3Department of Pathology, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France
 4. 4Laboratoire Biolab 33, Bordeaux, France
 5. 5Département de Biopathologie, Hôpital Caremeau, Nîmes, France
 6. 6Parasitologie-Mycologie-Médecine tropicale, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
 1. Correspondence to Dr Victor Mercier, IRD, Nîmes 30029, France; victor.mercier{at}
In clinical laboratories, the diagnosis of parasite diseases can sometimes be challenging for non-expert microbiologists. Indeed, in spite of the advent of the molecular biology, macroscopic and microscopic examinations still remain essential. Nonetheless, it is usually not automated and requires great skills to complete the correct diagnosis. It is not infrequent that inert elements mislead to erroneous diagnoses. Through three different concrete examples, this article aims at underscoring the actual risk of parasite misidentification and at highlighting the systematic approach to be conducted in order to enable reliable diagnosis.
 - pathology department
 - hospital
 - parasites
 - morphological and microscopic findings
 - anatomy
Statistics from
 - Handling editor Tony Mazzulli.
 - Contributors VM and GD were involved in writing and concept. MS was involved in reviewing. DS, MS, PK and SG were involved in reviewing and diagnosis.
 - Competing interests None declared.
 - Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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XQuery/Tree View
From Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Motivation[edit]
You want a general purpose function that creates a tabular view of hierarchical data.
Method[edit]
We will write a recursive function to display each node and then to display each child in an HTML table.
Some systems call this a "Grid View" of XML data.
element-to-nested-table function[edit]
The following function generates an HTML table with nested subtables for the child nodes.
declare function local:element-to-nested-table($element) {
 if (exists ($element/(@*|*)))
 then

 {if (exists($element/text()))
 then

 {$element/text()}

 else ()
 }
 {for $attribute in $element/@*
 return

 @{name($attribute)}
 {string($attribute)}

 }
 {for $node in $element/*
 return

 {name($node)}
 {local:element-to-nested-table($node)}

 }

 else $element/text()
 };
Note that the rows displaying different kinds of items (text, attribute,element) are classed so that they may be styled.
Document display[edit]
This function can be used in a script to provide a viewer for any XML document.
declare namespace hc ="_URL_
declare option exist:serialize "method=xhtml media-type=text/html indent=yes";
 (: function declaration :)
let $uri := request:get-parameter("uri",())
let $element:= httpclient:get(xs:anyURI($uri),true(),())/hc:body/html
return

 <title>Tree view</title>

Tree view of {$uri}

 {local:element-to-nested-table($element)}

e.g.
 1. UWE's news feed
 2. Whisky data
 3. Employee data
 4. Met Office shipping Forecast mal-formed XML


text:
|Title||Integration of mechanical control of unwanted plants and seeding equipment|
|Publication Type||Conference Proceedings|
|Year of Publication||1987|
|Conference Name||Proceedings of the Symposium on Seed and Seedbed Ecology of Rangeland Plants|
This paper discusses principles and practices of mechanical control of unwanted plants and seeding rangelands, and how some practices are innovatively combined. Seeding methods discussed are use of rangeland drills, press drills, grain drills, trashy seed drills, broadcasting, one-way disk plow, arid-land seeder, chaining, the land imprinter, and range interseeder.


text:
Welcome to Zoology's
The zoology major emphasizes critical thinking and conceptual skills that come from an understanding of how scientific information is obtained and evaluated, and how this information can be applied to societal issues. The major provides a solid foundation in genetic, cellular, physiological, ecological and evolutionary principles and in the related disciplines of chemistry, physics and mathematics. As a result, the major fosters an understanding of biological complexity including the interrelationships among humans and natural systems.
Characteristics of Major and Student Outcomes
Honors in the major
Undergraduate Zoological Society


Apparel in the Hospital What to Wear, Where?
Apparel in the Hospital What to Wear, Where?
By Kathy Dix
Street clothing in a hospitals restricted areas occurs more often than might be suspected. Sterile processing department (SPD) managers complain often to no avail that the instruments they reprocess may be exposed to contamination by visitors or employees who reject the recommendation to wear surgical attire.
Is the solution Draconian enforcement of a sign that forbids anyone in street clothing from entering the SPD? If patient safety is your hospitals concern, and they wish to avoid costly lawsuits from patients infected by instruments contaminated in the SPD, then yes.
Street clothing is not the only issue. Non-surgical scrubs that are laundered at home by employees are also being worn, as are warm-up jackets and other apparel inappropriate to the setting.
An AORN (Association of periOperative Registered Nurses) Journal column regularly answers questions submitted by readers; one reader queried the columnist about home laundering of scrubs and the wearing of non-scrub attire in restricted areas. Her facility had recently changed its policy and allowed visitors and other departments staff members to forego scrub attire or jumpsuits. Maintenance workers who may have been working on sewer lines or toilets enter the operating room (OR) with only a surgical cap to cover their hair, in the uniform exposed to innumerable pathogens; parents accompanying their children to the OR for induction wear only hair covers.
Columnist Carol Peterson, RN, MAOM, CNOR, a perioperative nursing specialist from the AORN Center for Nursing Practice, replied, AORN does not advocate people entering the restricted or semi-restricted area in street clothes or attire that is of questionable cleanliness ... Although there is controversy about home laundering scrub attire versus facility-approved laundering, AORN recommends that all reusable surgical attire (i.e., scrubs, cloth hats, warm-up jackets) be laundered in a facility-approved and monitored laundry. Extending the concept of home-laundered surgical attire to include visitors in street clothes and personnel from other departments is a very risky proposal.
Not only is the patient exposed, but a person wearing street clothes into the OR also is at risk of unknowingly contaminating his or her attire with blood and body fluids and being exposed to a potentially infectious pathogen. This is not only a health risk to the visitor or repair people, but it also is a potential liability to the facility. Allowing visitors and repair people to wear street clothes into the surgical suite is a reckless and dangerous practice. 1
Cover apparel is another issue; its use should be determined by each individual practice setting. The value of cover apparel is unknown ... Controversy over cover apparel stems not from its effectiveness in reducing contamination, but from practical considerations of enforcement and cost, say the AORN 2004 Standards, Recommended Practices and Guidelines. 2
I have management responsibility for environmental services (ESD) and patient transport at two acute-care teaching hospitals in our system (Lifespan), as well as a central laundry that launders textiles for those two hospitals as well as three other hospitals, says Jim Connors, director of environmental and textile services at Rhode Island Hospital in Providence. We provide uniforms for ESD and transport staff at both hospitals. At Rhode Island Hospital, we have unionized staff and will launder uniforms for staff in the laundry (stipulated in the contract) but most staff prefer to take them home and launder them themselves. At Miriam Hospital, the staff are responsible for laundering their own uniforms; we dont have an on-premise laundry there.
At both hospitals we provide personal protective clothing for anyone who is performing a task that might put them at risk from blood or body fluid exposure or anything else, and we provide laundering services for these items if they are reusable, Connors says. We launder scrubs that are provided to OR personnel at both hospitals, as well as lab coats, isolation gowns and surgical cover gowns, etc. Many departments (and individuals) are now wearing scrubs as uniforms in hospitals; these are generally not laundered by the central laundry but by the individuals.
Connors has seen a behavior that may not meet AORN standards, however Daily, I see OR staff and physicians leaving the hospital in hospital scrubs. I dont know if they change into clean scrubs before they go back into the OR or not, and no one Ive asked has been able to answer it either.
Childrens Memorial Hospital in Chicago has a strict policy for the use of scrubs. We have hospital-issued misty green scrubs. Its called our misty green policy, says Debbie Read-Fuimaono, RN, MBA, director of surgical services. All of our surgical services, and anyone doing procedures in the procedure suite and cardiac cath all wear the same misty green scrubs, which are supplied by the hospital and laundered by the hospital.
She adds, Everyone involved with the misty green policy has to change in the hospital once they get here, and then they change prior to leaving.
Housekeeping staff for the OR change into scrubs once the reach work, as do any other employees of the surgical services department. Housekeeping in the rest of the facility wears a uniform.
When determining what is the appropriate garb, I think you have to go back and look at what the person is doing, and if they have the potential for coming in contact with blood and other potentially infectious material (OPIM), whether it be housekeeping or decontamination, that will guide what they have to wear, says Jay Sommers, PhD, director of clinical and scientific documentation for Kimberly-Clark Health Care.
For example, he says, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines on laundering state, The employer shall ensure that employees who have contact with contaminated laundry wear protective gloves and other personal protective equipment, which is usually impervious gowns, shoe covers or boots, and gloves, face masks and eye protection. There have been some cases when laundry workers and housekeepers have acquired HIV, so they need to wear protective apparel to protect them against that exposure, he says.
If theyre going into or removing things from patients rooms, where there might be contaminated waste, then they need to wear that protective apparel. If theyre moving things from the chemical laboratory, which might be hazardous drugs or chemotherapy agents, then they would need to follow OSHA guidelines.
OSHA also has guidelines for central service (CS), which require an exposure plan. The employers program for protection of workers with exposure to bloodborne pathogens ... should be reviewed annually and updated for new tests or procedures. They should observe standard precautions, use engineering and work practice controls, and then the hospital has to provide the PPE to all employees at no cost, Sommers points out.
He also references guidelines of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) guidelines. AAMI ST46 refers to steam sterilization and sterility assurance in healthcare facilities. It says that The worker should wear clean facility-provided uniforms, change daily or more often as needed. Clean shoes worn only in the hospital should be maintained by the employee; they should have nonskid soles and should have protection against items dropping on them, so not necessarily bloodborne pathogens, but if dropping instruments, or a container, they want to have protection. All head and facial hair should be covered with a surgical cap or bonnet, and employees should change into street clothes when leaving the facility or traveling between separate campuses.
Employees may have to travel between one medical facility and another, for example, if CS is located in a separate building from the OR. In this case, the employee might use a cover-up. If its a far distance, they should change into street clothes, then change into scrubs when they get there, but if theyre going across the courtyard, they might be able to use the cover-up. They should make sure they do not do their CS work in the same clothing that they go outside in, Sommers says.
Sommers then references a book written by Leigh Grossman, MD, Infection Control for the Healthcare Worker. She says, Never use cloth lab coats, scrub suits or street clothes as an effective barrier to blood or other fluids. Lab coats are no more effective than street clothes in preventing blood and body fluid exposure. She talks about wearing fluid-resistant gowns with long sleeves and tight cuffs ... the gown should have a high neck and be continuous in the front.
Many areas of healthcare require some kind of barrier product; OSHA suggests the following groups may be at high risk: medical technologists, OR staff, phlebotomists, intravenous therapy nurses, surgeons, pathologists, oncologists, dialysis unit staff, emergency room staff, nursing personnel, staff physicians, dental professionals, laboratory and blood bank technicians and emergency medical technicians.
Sommers says that laundry should be done by the facility. The AORN document says the facility should do it, because you never know what youre going to come in contact with, he observes. If youve had some strike-through or microbial contamination ... some of the pathogens stayed on the front of our barrier cover gowns. You can have microbial contamination, not even in the surgical suite, but just in the patient rooms where people have MRSA or VRE, and can cause you to go home with these organisms on your scrubs.
People are trying to take shortcuts, and thats part of the problem. I dont know if they think theyre saving money or they dont have the resources, or whatever excuse you want to make, but you need to keep vigilant in carrying out these protocols.
Home laundering has


text:
A Grammar of Jero: With a Historical Comparative Study of the Kiranti Languages
This is the first description of the complex-pronominalising (endangered) language of the Jero Rai, one of the Kiranti tribes of eastern Nepal. The book also contains a historical comparative study of the Kiranti languages. An exhaustive reference work for Tibeto-Burman linguistics, language typology and linguistic theory.
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CHAPTER ONE THE JERO LANGUAGE AND ITS RELATIVES
CHAPTER TWO PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOPHONOLOGY
CHAPTER THREE NOMINALS AND ADVERBIALS
9 other sections not shown
actant adjective of purpose adverbs agreement suffixes allomorphs Ambote auxiliary Bahing bakcamm bakcapa Bantawa Chamling consonant contrast cooked grain cooked.grain Diagram dumcamm Dumi Eastern Kiranti expected factual verbal adjective garnu gerund Hayu hunu I/we imperative initial unexplained Jero Jero and Wambule Khaling khus Kiranti languages Kulung lexical Limbu loans from Nepali marks me>am Michailovsky 1994 middle verb Mohantare MORPHEME GLOSS morphophonological nasal Nepali ni>am nominal noun number agreement obstruents pacamm vt-2a pacapa patient perfect gerund periphrastic person and number person dual phoneme phonological phrasal point of reference post-final postposition preglottalised pronouns Proto-Kiranti Proto-Tibeto-Burman realised reflected in words regularly have initial root alternation root-final second person suffix marker suffix MORPHEME Sunwar syllable syllable-final theyp Thulung transitive relationship transitive verbs Urjgu verb forms verb root verbal adjective Verbs ending vi-la-i vi-lb vi-lc vm-la vocoid vowel Yamphu


text: Poster sessions have become a standard feature at sport psychology conferences. Although these sessions are intended to facilitate interaction between presenters and audience members, recent research suggests that the exchange of information in poster sessions is less than optimal (Rienzi & Allen, 1994). This study examined the extent to which authors of poster presentations at a sport psychology conference mailed handouts or manuscripts containing details of their presentations to interested colleagues. Results indicated that authors of only 39% of the posters responded to the requests for written information, and some of those responses were not timely. By failing to provide handouts or manuscripts to interested individuals, poster presenters may impede scientific and applied progress. Presenters are encouraged to honor their ethical and professional obligations to disseminate information on their work to the sport psychology community.


_TAG_ - Invoke
Invokes deployed function. It allows to send event data to the function, read logs and display other important information of the function invocation.
serverless invoke --function functionName
 - --function or -f The name of the function in your service that you want to invoke. Required.
 - --data or -d String data to be passed as an event to your function. By default data is read from standard input.
 - --path or -p The path to a json file with input data to be passed to the invoked function. This path is relative to the root directory of the service.
 - --log or -l If set to true, it will output logging data of the invocation. Default is false.
_TAG_ lifecycle events
 - invoke:invoke
serverless invoke --function functionName
This example will invoke your deployed function on the configured Fn Api Url endpoint. This will output the result of the invocation in your terminal.
_TAG_ invocation with data
serverless invoke --function functionName --data '{"name": "Bernie"}'
_TAG_ invocation with logging
serverless invoke --function functionName --log
Just like the first example, but will also outputs logging information about your invocation.
_TAG_ invocation with data passing
serverless invoke --function functionName --path lib/data.json
This example will pass the json data in the lib/data.json file (relative to the root of the service) while invoking the specified/deployed function.
Have questions?


_USER_{NBERw18259, title = "The Anatomy of French Production Hierarchies", author = "Lorenzo Caliendo and Ferdinando Monte and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "18259", year = "2012", month = "July", doi = {10.3386/w18259}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {We use a comprehensive dataset of French manufacturing firms to study their internal organization. We first divide the employees of each firm into 'layers' using occupational categories. Layers are hierarchical in that the typical worker in a higher layer earns more, and the typical firm occupies less of them. In addition, the probability of adding (dropping) a layer is very positively (negatively) correlated with value added. We then explore the changes in the wages and number of employees that accompany expansions in layers, output, or markets (by becoming exporters). The empirical results indicate that reorganization, through changes in layers, is key to understand how firms expand and contract. For example, we find that firms that expand substantially add layers and pay lower average wages in all pre-existing layers. In contrast, firms that expand little and do not reorganize pay higher average wages in all pre-existing layers.}, }


Home › Social › Social Commerce
How to Calculate the Net Present Value of Social Commerce
 | June 15, 2010 | Comments
Using the Net Present Value formula, you can show your CFO the value of consumer-generated content on your site.
How much is your customer-generated content worth?
Social commerce measures the impact of social interactions on your brand, bottom-line sales, and business success. One great way to assign a true monetary value to your brand's user-generated content (UGC) - like reviews, customer forums, and ask-and-answer entries - is to measure its net present value (NPV).
NPV is a metric widely-used in the financial world, and the management at your company (especially the CFO) will appreciate seeing the value of your social media program. NPV is commonly calculated as the profit your company gains from an investment is equal to sum of that investment's impact over time. When the NPV number is positive, financial teams will usually decide to make the investment; when the number is negative, it's not a good investment. There's more to the calculation then we're representing here, but the current value of future impact is the important concept to grasp.
Customer-generated content has a high NPV, because its positive impact on bottom-line sales increases over time. As social content grows - especially on purpose, through designing a participation chain - it drives a larger and larger amount of revenues. The more content your customers create, the more places you can leverage it (such as in e-mail and other marketing campaigns, in-store signage, etc.) and the more "findable" your site will become in natural Web searches, driving even more revenue. Each interaction, each piece of customer-generated content, is an annuity - and money in the bank for your company. This builds over time, and an original investment pays off handsomely in an NPV calculation.
If you compare social commerce to traditional advertising, you'll see the difference in NPV immediately. Traditional advertising isn't going away, but campaigns can cost a lot of money and return diminishing value over time. These campaigns have less and less impact on sales as time goes on. On the other hand, social commerce programs cost little to implement, grow organically with no further investment, and influence more and more sales over time.
The good news is, if you calculate the NPV of your proposed social media program and present it to your financial teams, they'll be eager to fund the project. Measuring the NPV of your social commerce program is relatively easy. You just need to do some basic financial calculations. Below, I'll walk you through a hypothetical NPV calculation for a social commerce program.
Say you generate $10 million in online sales annually.
 1. You've got a 20 percent return rate, resulting in $8 million total in net sales.
 2. You've got a conversion rate per session of 3 percent.
 3. You're processing 100,000 orders per year with an average order value of $100. That's an average of 8,333 orders per month.
 4. With 3 percent conversion resulting in 100,000 purchasing sessions, your site gets roughly 3.3 million total sessions a year.
Now, assume a few more things that I've learned from years working with large brands on their social commerce programs.
 1. Customer-generated content often raises conversion rates by 20 to 30 percent. Let's assume 20 percent, so your new conversion rate, after implementing social commerce, would be 3.6 percent.
 2. Customer-generated content can also reduce returns by 10 to 20 percent. Let's assume 10 percent, so your new return rate would be 18 percent.
Now, let's take all the above information and calculate the NPV of your social commerce program.
 1. With customer reviews, you'll average 10,000 orders per month instead of 8,333. This will gross you $166,700 in revenue per month, or an additional $2,000,400 annually.
 2. You'll also reduce returns from 1,666 orders returned to 1,500 orders returned monthly. This will net you an additional $16,600 per month, or $199,200 annually.
All in all, after one year of having customer reviews on your site, you would increase your total sales by 27.5 percent to $2,199,600. That is your core NPV number.
If you wait to implement a social commerce program, however, you'll lose out on substantial revenues, since the impact of user-generated content on sales grows over time. For example, if you only have a social commerce program live and running for three months of your operating year, you'll increase sales by 6.8 percent to $549,900. Six months of UGC would increase total gross sales by $1,099,800, or a 13.7 percent, while nine months of UGC would deliver a 20.6 percent boost in sales to $1,649,700.
If you don't add some high-NPV social commerce programs to your marketing portfolio, and your competition does, where will you be a year from now? The answer is clear: out tons of money you could have made.
Sam Decker
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text:
Women face 45% 'motherhood penalty' on earnings
UCL researchers used the British Household Panel Survey to compare the earnings of childfree women with those who had children between 1995 and 2005 across the first six years of parenthood.
It found that in the first year, wages typically dropped by 28%, equivalent to an average of £306 a month. This 'motherhood penalty' rose to 45% cent when the next six years were taken into account according to the study.
Mothers aged over 30 and those who were highly educated suffered a smaller penalty, potentially because they had already established a career with an employer who valued their progression in the company when they returned to work.
The number of hours worked after the birth of their children was found to be a key factor in the size of the motherhood penalty. Those who returned part-time suffered a bigger reduction in earnings than those who were able to work full time.
Dr Giacomo Vagni, a researcher at UCL's Institute of Education, said: "We found that mothers who are able to maintain full-time working hours experience little to no penalty. However, few mothers manage to do so. After the birth of their first child, few manage to return to their pre-birth working hours.
"One of the most important mechanisms through which motherhood affects a woman's career is that the birth of a child creates a very difficult 'work-care balance' for mothers.
"The UK is a country with a very expensive private childcare system. Mothers are much more likely to be the ones putting their career aside with the birth of a child. Therefore, motherhood takes mothers away from the labour market during the prime years of career development. Mothers with young children miss out on important job opportunities and promotions."
Dr Vagni added that employers "also take advantage of the fact that mothers are looking for flexible working arrangements and might offer them lower wages in return" and fathers "do not face this trade-off because they generally manage to take the back seat and enjoy the ride of parenthood".
Maike Currie, investment director at Fidelity International, said: "Many women may, at some point in their working lives, take time off from their careers to have children or to raise children. However, this can have a substantial impact not only on their income during this period, but also on their future finances.
"In fact, the so-called childbearing or child rearing years for women – increasingly in their mid to late thirties – is also the time when the gender pension gap begins to widen, as time taken away from work can result in less money being saved into a pension.
"Research from our Global Women & Money Study found 23% of women in the UK suffered a fall in their income last year, with an average £463 lost per month. This could equate to £5,556 over the course of a year – close to a quarter of the average annual salary for women (£20, 515)*. For working women either with children, or considering them in the future, last year's drops in income can mean the difference between being able to afford the cost of childcare or having to take time away from work – causing a knock-on effect on future retirement savings.
"For years women have faced the challenge of both the gender pay and pension gap. However, with the 'motherhood penalty' seemingly getting worse following the pandemic more needs to be done to practically support women, so that the trade-off between raising a family and having a secure financial future ends once and for all."


Must A Security Be Written?
In yesterday's post, I covered some of the differences between the laundry lists of securities found in the California Corporate Securities Law of 1968 and the Securities Act of 1933. Both lists seem to contemplate instruments that are written. But what does it mean to be "written"? Before the advent of computers, email and electronics, the meaning of "written" may have been obvious. A writing was something tangible, words inked on paper or parchment, chiseled in stone or impressed into clay or wax tablets. Ball point pens being a modern invention, the word for cutting or scratching came to be the word for writing in most Indo-European languages, including English. Are electronic messages written?
Section 8 of the California Corporations Code would say "yes" so long as those messages are capable of comprehension by "ordinary visual means". Emails and text messages should generally be considered "written" under this definition. A voice-mail message, on the other hand, normally would not.
Whether an instrument is in writing is of no moment under California's definition of a "security" because California's list ends with the following sentence:
All of the foregoing are securities whether or not evidenced by a written document.
Cal. Corp. Code § 25019.


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Ball Ground is a growing community located just north of Canton.
Two and a half miles to the east of the town, near the confluence of Long-Swamp Creek and the Etowah River, is the traditional site of 'Taliwa', the most decisive battle of the war between Cherokee and Creek Indians in the 1700's. Cherokee history tells that the conflict over territory was determined by a stickball game here.
Before the railroad came through in 1882, the community was almost purely agricultural, consisting of two country stores and a few dwellings. After the railroad, the town grew as a result of the marble-working industry.


Domestic fee-paying students
If you enrol in a unit of study as a fee paying student:
 - you must pay full tuition fees for your studies
 - the Commonwealth does not contribute towards the cost of your education, however
 - you may be eligible for a FEE-HELP loan to help pay your tuition fees.
How much do I pay?
Fee-paying students are charged tuition fees per unit of study by UniSA. Please refer to the program information page to find the fees set for each program. This value is the cost of one year of full time study, equivalent to 36 units.
The tuition amount for each course is based on the annual program fee and the unit value of the course. The formula for calculating the tuition amount for this course is:
 (Annual fee/36) x course unit value
As an example:
Contemporary Management Skills BUSS 5244 has a unit value of 4.5 and if a student is studying Master of Business Administration with an annual fee of $AU 27,500 the tuition for BUSS 5244 would be calculated as follows:
 $27,500/36 = 763.88 rounded down to two decimal places.
 $763.88 x 4.5 units = $3437.46
Am I eligible for FEE-HELP?
A FEE-HELP loan can cover all or part of your tuition fees, find out if you are eligible.
What are my payment options?
Find out how to pay tuition fees.
What are my responsibilities?
You are responsible for paying fees by due dates, enrolling by census dates, reading notices and invoices and staying out of bad financial standing (BFS).


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Radioactive Seed Localizations for Diagnostic Breast Cancer Lumpectomies
January 30, 2023
Radioactive Seed Localizations (RSLs) are used to localize lesions in breast tissue for surgical excision. We are the only hospital in Missoula offering this service and we have laid down the groundwork for Montana to use radioactive seeds for diagnostic purposes as opposed to seeds for therapeutic purposes. Traditionally, wire localization was the only technique available, which used an eight-inch wire with a hook to be inserted into the breast and placed next to the target the morning of surgery. There are a number of challenges with this method, which include:
- The potential for movement during transport since the placed wire protrudes from the breast of the patient
- Lumpectomies need to happen the same day as the wire localization which requires an hour prior to surgery for placement, resulting in a longer day for the patient, and disallowing surgeons to schedule early morning lumpectomies
- Having a wire protruding out from the breast can cause additional anxiety and pain for many patients
- There are times when the wire has been moved or the tip is difficult to locate and palpate during surgery, making it harder to remove the tumor and the marker clip with good margins
Radioactive seed localization (RSL) offers a new alternative. With this procedure, a radiologist uses mammography to place a very low-energy radioactive seed into the abnormal tissue or tumor. During the surgery, the surgeon uses a handheld device that detects radioactivity to more precisely identify the location of the tumor.
Radioactive seeds are the size of a grain of rice and are completely sealed tiny capsules that contain a minute amount of radioactive iodine for detection, are often easier to place than wires, are more comfortable for the patient, and can be placed up to 10 days in advance of surgery.
Studies indicate that RSLs have a reduced incidence of positive margins and allow for improved surgical approach in the removal of lesions. This is not only beneficial clinically, but the accuracy also means the removal of less unnecessary tissue, which may improve cosmetic results with lumpectomy, as well as minimize the need for take-back to surgery for additional margins.
RSLs emit a different energy than Tc-99m, the isotope used for sentinel node injections, and thus can be detected and differentiated in the OR with a radioactive probe, so a sentinel node biopsy can be performed concurrently. Sentinel axillary lymph node biopsy has abbreviated axillary surgery in breast cancer management and has lowered the incidence of lymphedema associated with more extensive axillary node removal.


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Biogeochemistry of Coral Reef Ecosystems
Coral reefs are complex systems that include benthic and pelagic organisms, and are heavily influenced by light, waves, currents, and many other factors.
With Dr Matt Reidenbach, we are measuring flows and currents using ADV instruments
The interactions and cycling of nutrients and energy in these dynamic systems is a complex series of reactions between organisms and chemical processes. We are investigating how energy flows in these systems and also the movement of essential nutrients including fatty acids and amino acids.
Using chemical and biochemical techniques we are looking at the influence of sediments and particulate matter on zooplankton and corals.
Nitrogen dynamics and fluxes
The sources of nutrients are many and some come from the sediment. Using a series of benthic flux chambers, we measure the amount of ammonium and urea coming out of the sediment. The chambers are continually stirred and the oxygen levels monitored using an underwater oxygen probe.
Mark sampling a benthic flux chamber at Wolf Reef, The dissolved oxygen probe monitored by a custom arduino microcontroller is in the impressive milk crate to the right!
Measuring the flow of nutrients and food items around coral heads needs a lot of metal and a water flow meter. Ben is using a Sontek ADV to measure flows in collaboration with Dr. Matt Reidenbach at University of Virginia.
Jesse measuring fluxes of urea and ammonium in seagrass beds


Turning the Gray Areas into Black and White
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"Part of me longs for a job where there's not a gray area". Jodie Foster
Can you relate? Gray areas make everything harder, especially when working with people with I/DD.
Here's Oxfords dictionary's definition of a gray areas: "an ill-defined situation or field not readily conforming to a category or to an existing set of rules."
When working with people with I/DD, it is much easier to teach concepts that are black and white. This behavior is not okay, that behavior is okay, right or wrong, black or white. Rules and categories help us manage information and know what to do to fit into society, and helps us know how to behave.
Gray areas create complexity and confusion for both the professional, and for the individual, which means, it can be harder to navigate and teach and frustrating for those being taught.
Here's an example of the gray area:
Let's explore the clothing one wears in public versus private. We teach that you can be naked in private and wear clothes in public. Clothes cover your sexual parts. So, if a bathing suit covers sexual parts, can I wear a bathing suit anywhere in public? No. Bathing suits are in the gray area. While it's okay to wear a bathing suit at a pool or the beach, it's not okay at the mall or to school. Why? Those are the rules so people feel comfortable and safe. Once you know the rules, we feel more relaxed and free.
Here's another gray area. Men can go shirtless in public, but women can't. What about stores? Where can men wear no shirt in public? Beach, swimming pool, park, but not in the grocery store. Why? Those are the rules we have created or the store has created.
Let's work through a common example and sort out the gray area. Here's the scenario: We say to a 10-year-old with a developmental disability, "no one should touch your sexual parts."
When we make this statement, we have to ask ourselves:
 - Is this statement always true?
 - Are there times it's okay for someone to touch their sexual parts? Where are the possible gray areas with different rules?
 - When the person is older and decides to be sexual with another person, they have both agreed to this sexual act.
 - When they go to the doctor and the doctor is making sure they are healthy. A helping professional can touch sexual parts as long as they ask first and do not ask you to keep it a secret.
 - When a care provider is bathing them and they need that assistance.
When dealing with the gray areas, here are 3 steps to help you sort it out:
Step One: Analyze whether the statement you are making is always true or are there different rules or societal rules/norms.
Step Two: Consider whether there are house rules or personal rules based on where the person lives or their past experiences. For example, one agency may say private is in the bathroom at home and your bedroom and other agencies may say only the bedroom is private. These are the house rules that need to be conveyed.
Step Three: Create a "okay, not okay" grid and list those different rules. Make the gray area, black and white. Use a grid to teach these concepts and create less confusion.
There are numerous and subtle gray areas in our society and it can be difficult to catch all of them. These 3 steps will help you think through the gray areas and turn them into black and white. Turning the gray to black and white makes your teaching more effective and the learner better equipped for a world full of many shades of gray.


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International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP)
The International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP) was founded by the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC) in 1996.
IHDP's mission is to generate scientific knowledge on coupled human-environment systems, achieve comprehensive understanding of global environmental change processes and their consequences for sustainable development, and make contributions to explore:
- the anthropogenic drivers of global environmental change,
- the impact of such change on human welfare, and
- societal responses to mitigate and adapt to global environmental change.


DICOM PS3.4 2020c - Service Class Specifications
FF.2.4.2 Volumetric Animation
Several different styles of animation are defined in Volumetric Presentation States. In general, an animation style will vary either the input, processing, or view geometry in order to produce a varying presentation view. This section describes each of the animation styles and how it produces an animated view.
FF.2.4.2.1 Input Sequence Animation
A Presentation Animation Style (0070,1A01) value of INPUT_SEQ indicates that Input Sequence Animation is being specified. In this animation style, a single Volumetric Presentation State is defined which includes input items in the Volumetric Presentation State Input Sequence (0070,1201) with different values of Input Sequence Position Index (0070,1203). The animated presentation view is produced by sequencing through values of Input Sequence Position Index (0070,1203) at a specified animation rate Recommended Animation Rate (0070,1A03), where each value of the index produces one 'frame' of the animated view from inputs that have that value of Input Sequence Position Index (0070,1203). See Figure FF.3.2-1.
Note
For example, a set of inputs could be temporally related volumes of a moving anatomical structure like the heart.
There may be more than one input item in Volumetric Presentation State Input Sequence (0070,1201) with the same value of Input Sequence Position Index (0070,1203), in which case the inputs are processed together to produce the frame of the animated view.
Note
For example, pairs of input items could represent the same volume input at a point in time with two different segmentation croppings (representing different organ structures) that are blended together into a single view.
Input Sequence Animation
Figure FF.3.2-1. Input Sequence Animation
DICOM PS3.4 2020c - Service Class Specifications


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After graduating from Harvard with a master's in design engineering in 2018, Zeerak Ahmed '13 didn't stop working on his master's thesis. Even after taking a job as a senior designer at Amazon, he's continued his project to develop an functional Urdu keyboard.
While most who grow up in Pakistan speak a local language as their native tongue, Ahmed spoke Urdu during his childhood in Lahore. He hopes the keyboard can help better represent non-Western languages in technology.
When he began the project three years ago, Ahmed faced early challenges with displaying the keyboard properly: Urdu contains 39 letters written in Arabic script, making it difficult to fit on a smartphone screen designed for the 26-letter Roman alphabet.
"That gets fairly clunky pretty quickly," he says. "We got the keyboards ready pretty quickly. The thing that got really hard is to get these layouts to work — the only way to get smartphone keyboards to work really is to have good autocorrect."
While many everyday smartphone users view autocorrect as an occasionally annoying feature, Ahmed says it forms the basis of a solid keyboard. Because of the small size of smartphone keys, users often make mistakes when typing without even realizing they've done so. As a result, a functional keyboard needs to be able to predict the intended word.
"Basically you can expect that if you're typing the wrong word, the keyboard has to be able to guess what the right word was," he says.
Essentially, the keyboard has to "learn" a corpus of text so that it understands how the language functions. In addition to the challenge of keyboard design, Ahmed has also struggled to find Urdu text that can establish an accurate autocorrect, particularly with the large number of keys needed for an Urdu keyboard.
"In our case, we had to work with a lot of organizations to donate journal text to us. Most of these texts are written in this kind of archaic word-processing format," he says, adding that they have chosen literary texts so they can build the autocorrect using linguistically correct samples. Once they perfect the feature, they hope to run distributed trials of the new keyboards.
Currently, Urdu speakers usually type with the Roman alphabet because Arabic script keyboards are cumbersome, so Ahmed's project solves an important functional problem. But for him, creating a workable Urdu keyboard holds broader cultural significance.
"In very basic terms, it means that most people find it super hard to type in Urdu. So if they choose to type at all, they will type it in [Roman script]," he says. "So we are losing a large scriptural tradition."
Beyond its functional purpose for Urdu speakers, Ahmed also believes the keyboard can help ensure that Urdu speakers will be, as he puts it, "fully represented in software."
"If you want to get into the modern world and deal with technology, you have to learn to speak English and sort of deal with Western normality," Ahmed says. He wants to "get people to believe that good design and good technology can come out of a very local sense or very Pakistani sense or South Asian sense of what people need."


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One of the main challenges to adequately conserve the African fish fauna is to improve our so far unsatisfactory taxonomic knowledge of important portions of the ichthyofauna. In the present study, we attempted to unravel the taxonomic diversity of some species of Enteromius Cope, 1867, a problematic African fish genus, recently collected in the north-eastern part of the Congo basin. We used an integrative approach, combining DNA barcodes and morphological analyses. For one of the species complexes found, the E. miolepis/eutaenia species complex, we evaluated taxonomic diversity over a larger geographic scale within the Congo drainage system. Although initial literature-based species identifications allowed us to assign all examined specimens to four tentative species, DNA barcodes indicated the presence of 23 distinct mitochondrial lineages. The majority of these lineages appeared endemic to particular rivers, and in most rivers multiple lineages occur in sympatry. Subsequent exploratory morphometric analyses indicated that almost all these lineages are morphologically distinguishable and that they may therefore represent undescribed species. As only a part of the Congo basin and a subset of the species diversity within Enteromius were examined, it appears that the species richness of Enteromius in the Congo basin is severely underestimated.
'Barbus', COI, integrative taxonomy, species richness.


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Are Christian Grandparents Appreciated?
Updated: Mar 30
Our recent research explored the experiences and perceptions of some Christian grandparents.
It seems that whilst there is widespread awareness of the value of Christian grandparents, this understanding is often implicit and unspoken, leading to grandparents frequently feeling under-valued and dis-empowered by the wider Christian community. It is proposed that this must be urgently addressed in order to bring about a paradigm shift to raise the profile of this demographic within churches across the UK. The effect of greater visibility, equipping and empowering of grandparents to take an active and intentional role in the spiritual nurture of their grandchildren (and pseudo grandchildren!) could be phenomenal in enhancing the faith lives of many children who are connected with church; whether they attend regularly or only occasionally.
Equally, mobilising this sector of congregations to share their spiritual insights and model their faith to younger generations could transform the richness of church life. Ultimately, if taken seriously, this call to better serve the grandparents within UK churches may bring about considerable growth in the faith interactions of children in the home, local church or wider-church context.
READ THE MAINSTREAM REPORT BELOW: (Published online 2020)
READ THE ACADEMIC PAPER BELOW: (Published in Review of Religious Research 2022)


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TOOLS: First Steps in CraftShare on LinkedIn
Share on Facebook
Share on TwitterWhen learning a new skill, knowledge of the tools comes first.
In the process of mastering techniques, for making gift items, three tools are vital:
cuts jewellery wire and pins
2. ROUND NOSED PLIERS
shapes the wire/pins to form loops and rings
3. FLAT NOSED PLIERS
grips components and opens or closes jump rings.
The 4th tool shown is an option/matter of personal preference
4. FLAT NOSED, CURVED END PLIERS
useful for difficult to reach areas
(In the early learning stages it is not vital; some craft practitioners prefer this tool rather than standard, round nosed, pliers)


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E*lec'tro-mo"tive (?), a.
Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce, electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action or effects.
Electro-motive force Physics, the force which produces, or tends to produce, electricity, or an electric current; sometimes used to express the degree of electrification as equivalent to potential, or more properly difference of potential.
© Webster 1913.


The festival of Kartik Poornima (Kartik Purnima)
The festival of Kartik Poornima (Purnima)
Though Kartik Poornima is not treated as a full-fledged festival, there are enough mythological stories which suggest that this is a very important day in hindu religion.
Both moon days of the month Kartik, (full moon and no moon) are auspicious. Many will not comprehend Kartik Amavasya, as it is better known as Diwali. Kartik Poornima has even more importance as it is called Dev Diwali ( the diwali of gods). This is the day when gods celebrate the victory of good over evil.
This festival underlines the importance of Lord Shiva. This festival is second only to Mahashivratri. Shiva relieved the earth by killing Tripurasuras.
Tripasura are the three sons of TarakasuraVidyunmali, Tarakaksha and Viryavana. Due to a boon from Lord Brahma, they were virtually immortal. They were living comfortably in the city of Tripura. Gods pleaded Shiva to destroy them which Shiva denied. Then they pleaded Vishnu and he found a solution to their problem. Vishnu created a person to propagate an alternate form of religion. This religion was slowly accepted by the three sons of Tarakasura. They stopped following the teachings of Veda and worshipping Shiva. Lord Shiva then destroyed the city of Tripura with Pashupata astra. The chariot was created by Vishwakarma.
Shiva killing Tripusura
For this reason, Lord Shiva is also called Tripurari.
Kartik Poornina is also associated with following important occasions:
1. Birth of Kartikeya, son of Lord Shiva.
2. Birth of Matasya (Matsya) avatar, an incarnation of Vishnu.
3. Birth of Vrinda, the personifield form of Tulsi.
The festival is more significant when this is in the Krittika nakshatra. It is then called Maha Kartik. If the nakshatra is Bharani, the results are stated to be special. In Rohini nakshatra, then the fruitful results are even much more.
A ritual bath at a tirtha (a sacred water body like a lake or river) at a pilgrimage centre is prescribed on Kartik Poornima. This holy bath is known as "Kartik snana". An holy bath at Pushkar or in the Ganges river, especially at Varanasi is deemed as most auspicious. Kartik Poornima is the most popular day for bathing in the Ganges at Varanasi.
Devotees taking bath in Pushkar lake on Kartik Poornima (purnima)
This auspicious day is also celebrated in others religions – Sikh (Guru Nanak Jayanti) and Jain (Shri Shantrunjay Teerth Yatra).