text:
There is no law that sets a deadline or timetable for the car insurance company to respond to your demand letter. Every case is different, and not every car insurance company follows the same claim processing timeline. What's more, the amount of time the insurer is taking to respond to your demand letter has no bearing on how seriously the carrier is taking your claim. Having said that, there are a few things you can do to "encourage" a prompt response. And if you haven't heard from the insurer in 45 to 60 days, you can and should follow up.
First, when you're preparing your car accident demand letter, you can make a professionally-worded request that the insurance company respond to your letter within a certain time period.
For example, toward the end of the letter, you can add a few sentences like: "Thank you for your consideration. Please respond to this letter within 30 days."
Or, if you want to present a little more of a "take charge" air, go with something like: "I look forward to receiving your reply no later than 15 days from your receipt of this demand letter."
The inclusion of language like this can motivate a more timely response, but there is no law that you can point to in order to back up these requests. And what if you include language like this in your demand letter, and you still haven't received a response from the insurance company after 45 to 60 days? It's appropriate to follow up with the insurance carrier, reminding them that you sent the letter, and requesting that they respond.
You should send this follow up inquiry in writing, providing all relevant claim information, noting the date on which you mailed the demand letter, and providing your current contact information.
If another 30 days or so pass, and you still haven't heard from the insurance carrier, it's time to call the company and ask to speak to the adjuster (if one has been assigned and you know his or her name) or the claims administrator. Be sure to document this conversation (the date on which it took place, who you spoke with, and what was said), and mail a follow-up letter to the insurance carrier in which the conversation is summarized. That should kick-start the settlement process.


Hautvillers, cradle of Champagne
Literally meaning "High Village," Hautvillers lies at the top of the hillsides of the Marne Valley. It was at the height of the Middle Ages that Archbishop Saint-Nivart established a Benedictine Abbey here that would continue to prosper until the Revolution.
Dom Pérignon arrived here in 1658 as acéllérier, a monk in charge of Abbey finances. He will mark the history of Champagne forever by revolutionizing production techniques along with other monks.


text:
The Nepal Water and Energy Commission Secretariat invites expressions of interest from consultants to prepare basin plans for four rivers examining the availability of water resources for uses including hydropower. Responses are due October 28.
The secretariat received financing from the World Bank for the Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project under which the basin plans are to be developed. Earlier this year, the World Bank's International Finance Corp. pledged to provide US$6 billion in financing for the development of hydroelectric projects in Nepal.
In the current solicitation, the government seeks consultants to prepare a basin plan for each of four river basins to utilize water resources in a sustainable manner with due consideration to environment and aquatic ecosystem. The plans are to develop an integrated water resources development planning system that will enable the assessment and analysis of water availability, use and demand across a range of uses including hydropower, irrigation, water supply, environment and flood disaster risk management.
The river basins include the Karnali, whose hydro projects include the 900-MW Upper Karnali; the Gandaki, or Kali Gandaki whose projects include 144-MW Kali Gandaki A, the Babai and the West Rapti.
Detailed terms of reference may be obtained from the secretariat Internet site,_URL_.
Expressions of interest and qualifications are due by 5 p.m., Nepal time, October 28 to the address below. For information, contact Water and Energy Commission Secretariat, Project Coordinator, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal; (977) _PHONE_; Fax: (977) _PHONE_; E-mail: _EMAIL_; Internet: _URL_.
Source : WECS

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The right turn to ease traffic headaches?
VicRoads is investigating a radical proposal to redesign some of Melbourne's busiest, most congested intersections to reduce right-turn logjams.
ABOUT 16,000 vehicles will pass through the intersection of Ferntree Gully Road and Stud Road in Melbourne's east in this evening's peak. Behind the wheel of many of them will be a frustrated driver, cursing the heavy traffic.
Perhaps complaining the loudest will be those people turning right into Stud Road as they commute home from the city, for it will take them between three and five minutes, and two or three phases of the lights, to pass through the intersection.
Right-hand turns are one of the major sources of conflict and delay on our roads, and VicRoads is investigating a radical proposal to redesign some of Melbourne's busiest, most congested intersections to reduce right-turn logjams by between 50 and 90 per cent.
The proposed model - called the continuous-flow intersection - originated in Mexico and has recently been introduced with great success in Utah, reducing travel times and slashing the number of accidents on one of Salt Lake City's most heavily congested highways.
At standard intersections, through traffic must either wait at the lights while right-turning traffic gets a turning phase, which creates delay, or right-turning traffic must turn into oncoming traffic, which increases the risk of accidents.
Continuous-flow intersections cut out both these problems by giving right-hand traffic a dedicated lane on the far right-hand side of the road, which traffic enters a short way before the intersection by driving across the oncoming lanes. This way, left and right-turning traffic is free to move through the intersection at the same time as through traffic.
VicRoads is considering building one continous-flow intersection on a major arterial in Melbourne as a trial, but has not yet settled on a location.
''Could we do this? Yes, we could,'' said Dean Zabrieszach, VicRoads' director of road user services.
''We have a handful of designs for Melbourne intersections where the space is already there and there would be no need to use additional land.''
Both the RACV and Labor's roads spokesman, Luke Donnellan, support a trial.
''You'd try it on one of the major intersections first, get the figures and then go on and look at others because it's an incredibly cheaper way of addressing these issues,'' Mr Donnellan said.
The investigation has been led by veteran traffic engineer John Cleeland, 72, who began working for VicRoads in the early 1960s but is due to leave the organisation this week, his position having been made redundant under the Baillieu government's public sector job cuts.
His research into continuous-flow intersections has found they could improve traffic flow by between 50 and 90 per cent at some of Melbourne's busiest junctions. A computer simulation of the intersection of Ferntree Gully Road and Stud Road, for example, found traffic would flow 54 per cent better in the morning and 49 per cent better in the evening, crucially without any need to widen the road.
In the US, it has also been found the intersections reduce the risk of accidents. In Salt Lake City, where a string of seven continuous-flow intersections have been built along the Bangerter Highway, the number of crashes has dropped 51 per cent, Utah's Department of Transportation says.
Mr Cleeland said a string of these intersections could be built along Hoddle Street and Punt Road, Melbourne's most infamously congested north-south arterial.
''My calculation for the intersection of Hoddle Street and Victoria Street is, you could get 70 per cent better flow in the am peak and 90 per cent in the pm,'' he said.
But the RACV's head of public policy, Brian Negus, who has investigated digging a $1.2 billion tunnel along Hoddle Street, said building continuous-flow intersections there would require widening the road and buying some private properties.


text:
EMC Laboratory for Pre-compliance Measurements
For pre-compliance measurements during development, we have our own EMC facility. This allows us to determine whether the electronics created for the customer are EMC compliant.
The electronics and software development team is especially proud of their own GTEM cell, which enables electromagnetic compatibility testing of developed electronics in a singular, controlled, and shielded environment. The assemblies' interference radiation and interference impact on their limit values are tested. In addition, pironex has even more state-of-the-art technology. An RF generator, coupling tongs, ESD simulator, EMI test receiver, and burst/surge generator are all available in the pironex EMC laboratory. We can set up various test scenarios using our in-house EMC laboratory equipment to test and measure the electromagnetic tolerance of electronics.
In this way, we save our clients time and money by allowing them to finish development projects on time and within budget.
In-House EMC Laboratory
The Pironex development crew has expanded its capabilities even further!
In our own in-house EMC laboratory, we can perform EMC tests swiftly and effectively. Even the A-sample is easily checked for anomalies in interference radiation, interference sensitivity, surge, burst, and ESD interference sensitivity.
With development-accompanying EMC tests, electronics development has the opportunity to identify and eliminate weaknesses in the hardware design and the embedded software before the customer incurs any unnecessary costs or delays in the development cycle.
EMC Pre-Testing for CE Certification in the Laboratory
The following tests can be undertaken by pironex:
- Emission measurement in GTEM-cell, pre-compliance up to 3GHz, maximum test sample size: 0.41 x 0.38 x 0.31 m
- Immunity measurement in GTEM-cell, pre-compliance up to 1 GHz, maximum specimen size for a uniform field 0.167 x 0.167 x 0.167 m
- Immunity measurement with coupling clamp, possible depending on interface
- ESD test up to 16 kV, theoretical full compliance
- Burst test on supply lines and shielded data lines, pre compliance
- Surge test on supply lines and shielded data lines, pre compliance
On request, we prepare the acceptance test at the external EMC laboratory and accompany the test on site:
- Burst test of immunity to fast transient electrical disturbances
- Line-based interference emission
- Electrostatic discharge immunity test
- Surge testing of immunity to surge voltages
- Conducted disturbances induced by HF fields
- Test of immunity to voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage fluctuations
- Enclosure/housing interference radiation


text:
a narcotic alkaloid, CHNOHO, derived from opium and resembling morphine, but less habit-forming: used in cough medicines and to relieve pain
Origin of codeinefrom Classical Greek k?deia, poppy head + -ine
An alkaloid narcotic, C18H21NO3, derived from opium or morphine and used as a cough suppressant, analgesic, and hypnotic.
Origin of codeineFrench codéine Greek kōdeia poppy head ( from kōos cavity ; see keuə- in Indo-European roots.) -ine alkaloid ; see -ine 2.
From French codéine.


text:
Desmid image database
This database represents the public face of RBGE's desmid database, designed by R.J. Pankhurst as an implementation of Advanced Revelation, and further developed by Martin Pullan. The so-called 'Pandora' databases (of which there are several at RBGE and elsewhere) are very sophisticated in the relational way they handle data but, because they are DOS-based, are not very easy or attractive for the uninitiated to use. For this and several other reasons, it was decided that the best way to make the data available to a wider audience was to create a series of flat-field data dumps from the Pandora database; these could then be interrogated using a web browser. The search-engines required for this have been created by Martin Pullan, using the home-grown data-extraction software HTMLexport.
From here on we will refer only to the web-based database, but remember that it is several steps removed from the Pandora database that has provided its data.
Structure of the database
The database is very similar in structure to that produced by Martin Pullan and Micha Bayer (who no longer works at RBGE) for the ADIAC project, although there are some differences: ADIAC was concerned primarily with photographs of microalgae (diatoms, as it happened), whereas DIADIST, at least in these early stages, is more concerned with published drawings of microalgae (primarily desmids at this stage).
The desmid database is built on a taxonomic framework consisting of all the names in West & West's British Desmidiaceae, updated to more modern nomenclature and supplemented from Brook & Williamson (1991), with a few extra changes or additions from John et al. (2002).
Onto this framework are the images that you can find here. We have started with the drawings from West & West's British Desmidiaceae, either as whole browsable plates or individually scanned drawings. Ultimately we will also incorporate photographs of desmids, and hope soon to develop the techniques to allow dynamic focusing of images as has been done in ordinary web pages (as distinct from pages resulting from search-engine queries) in our Algae World website (follow links to 'Research' and 'Types').
However, first things first: the scanning of West & West's British Desmidiaceae is not yet complete, and individual figures have been scanned from ca. 120 out of the 167 plates that make up the five volumes (all the plates have been scanned for the browsable pages).
The following plates and genera have NOT been scanned for the searchable database:
Technical stuff about the pictures
The individual figures from West & West were scanned at 300 dpi using an Epson GT-10000+ flat-bed scanner as either 8-bit grey or 24-bit colour; each was scaled so that the longest dimension was ca. 1600 pixels – in most cases more than adequate to capture the available detail. The files were saved in TIFF format for the Pandora database and in most cases with surrounding irrelevant information (i.e. bits of neighbouring figures) removed using Adobe Photoshop's (version 6.0) cloning tool. For the web database, the contrast was enhanced slightly, and all images were compressed in GIF format for the thumbnails (see the sample results page) and JPEG format for the enlarged pictures.
Unlike the browsable whole plates (which are all to the same scale), the individual pictures are scaled individually. Scale information is given as the equivalent width and height of the whole image as shown, in whatever units are given (usually microns). For example, if the 'image height equivalent' is given as 100 microns, and the specimen occupies 75% of the height of the picture, the specimen is 75 microns in that dimension.
Brook, A.J. & Williamson, D.B. 1991. A checklist of desmids of the British Isles. Freshwater Biological Association Occasional Publication No. 28. 40 pp.
John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A.J. (eds) 2002. The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles. An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 702 pp. + cd of images.
Back to database search form

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Ammonia Concentration Evaluation in Deep-Bedded and Concrete Floor Housing Systems for Grow-Finish Swine in Brazil
Is Version Of
Swine production represents an important economic and social activity in Brazil, however, its traditional exploration is considered by the ambient institutions as an activity of great pollutant potential. The objective of this study was to compare ammonia level in the traditional slatted concrete floor system, a bedded system with wood shavings on top of the concrete floor, or a bedded system with rice hulls on top of the concrete floor. The study was conducted at the EMBRAPA Swine Research Station in Concordia, Santa Catarina, Brazil during August to November 2002. Significant differences among the treatments were observed; the concrete flooring system had the lowest ammonia levels, whereas both bedded systems shared fairly similar levels. However, these measured values in all the treatments were below the threshold level of 20 ppm.
This proceeding is from Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium, 18-20 May 2005 (Beijing, China). Publication Date 18 May 2005, ASAE Publication Number 701P0205. Ed. T. Brown-Brandl.


text:
Interstellar Law was a series of enacted rules intended to govern the relationships between sovereign planetary and interplanetary governments. It was generally developed through multilateral accords, conventions and other legal instruments agreed to and generally enforced by major powers, such as the Klingon Empire, the Federation, and the Cardassian Union.
In 2293, Captain Kirk was charged with the assassination of Klingon Chancellor Gorkon, a crime under interstellar law. It was later discovered that the Chancellor was murdered by participants in the Khitomer conspiracy, and Kirk was cleared of all charges. (Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country)
Interstellar Law was a major offered at the Oneamisu Campus of the University of Hurkos. Upon completion of this major, the student received a Bachelor of Arts. In the late 2340s, Devinoni Ral switched from this major to Political Science. Information on Ral's education was in his biographical data file. (TNG: "The Price", okudagram)
As a matter of interstellar law, Bajor was not recognized as a separate political entity during the Cardassian Occupation. It was only formally recognized following the end of the Occupation in 2369. (DS9: "Emissary")

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Search the Your Tea site
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Eating Plan Top Content
Natalie Kringoudis is a Doctor of Chinese Medicine and our proud ambassador at YourTea.
We strongly believe that a holisitc approach is needed to achieve optimum health and/or reach desired aethetic goals. This is why we asked Nat to create an eating plan for those of you wanting more advice when it comes to food intake.
The eating plan below may be followed for the duration of TinyTeatox, or can be incorporated into an every day lifestyle change.
All meals are designed to thoroughly nourish the digestive system.
Firstly, Nat will explain how the digestive system works from a Chinese Medicine perspective -
"Imagine a pot of soup sitting on a fire. Both the spleen and stomach are the organs responsible for digestion; they transform and transport to the body the essential elements of food and drink. The nutrients they draw from food are sent out around the body to nourish and the bad sent out as waste. So with this pot in mind, the stomach is the 'pot' and the spleen is the 'fire.'
Therefore you may like to understand that digestion is a process that requires warm energy. You may also recognise that all foods have properties in how they behave energetically in the body. Those which are warming and invigorating (think meat proteins, some legumes, chili and alike) and those that are cold (like most fruits and raw or cold foods) which can slow down digestion and lead to weight gain. Raw foods tend to be very heavy on the gut and overconsumption may not only cause weight gain but also cellulite and upset guts.
From a Western sense, our bodies digest food at 37 degrees. So when we consume raw and uncooked foods, not only does it have work like madness to digest, but it first has to get the temperature of the food up to 37 before it can effectively deal with it. So consuming warm foods makes digestion is much more efficient.
Sugar is also avoided as it is rapidly converted and stored as fat. You will notice uncooked fruit is on the out list as it is not only high in sugar but also raw which again leads to weight gain"
Now that you have an understanding of how the digestive system operates and why we endorse eating warm/cooked foods, let us enlighten you with some delicious meal ideas... but first...
Let's talk simple portion sizes:
When it comes to protein – your fist size is the perfect portion size for your own body
Vegetables: a large handful
Grains: a small handful


Waits a line that contains string.
waitln [...]
Pauses until a line which contains one of the character strings is received from the host, or until the timeout occurs. Maximum number of the strings is 10.
When the empty string is specified, this command will wait an character + CRLF.
These commands return the received line in the system variable "inputstr" and one of the following values in the system variable "result":
Value Meaning
0 Timeout.
1 A line which contains has received.
2 A line which contains has received.
n A line which contains has received. n=1..10.
waitln 'cal'
messagebox inputstr "str" ; echo aaa cal hoge fuga
See also


In Files
 - scanf.rb
Class/Module Index [+]
scanf for Ruby
scanf for Ruby is an implementation of the C function scanf(3), modified as necessary for Ruby compatibility.
scanf for Ruby scans an input string or stream according to a format, as described below ("Conversions"), and returns an array of matches between the format and the input. The format is defined in a string, and is similar (though not identical) to the formats used in Kernel#printf and Kernel#sprintf.
Basic usage
require'scanf.rb'
# String#scanf and IO#scanf take a single argument (a format string)
array = aString.scanf("%d%s")
array = anIO.scanf("%d%s")
# Kernel#scanf reads from STDIN
array = scanf("%d%s")
Block usage
str = "123 abc 456 def 789 ghi"
The following conversions are available. (See the files EXAMPLES and tests/scanftests.rb for examples.)
Matches an optionally signed decimal integer.
Same as d.
Matches an optionally signed octal integer.
Matches an optionally signed hexadecimal integer,
Matches an optionally signed floating-point number.
Assignment suppression
See the files EXAMPLES and tests/scanftests.rb.
scanf for Ruby compared with scanf in C
Unimplemented flags and specifiers
 - The only flag implemented in scanf for Ruby is '*' (ignore upcoming conversion). Many of the flags available in C versions of scanf(4) have to do with the type of upcoming pointer arguments, and are literally meaningless in Ruby.
Altered specifiers
Return values
Return values
Without a block, scanf returns an array containing all the conversions it has found. If none are found, scanf will return an empty array. An unsuccesful match is never ignored, but rather always signals the end of the scanning operation. If the first unsuccessful match takes place after one or more successful matches have already taken place, the returned array will contain the results of those successful matches.
Test suite
scanf for Ruby includes a suite of unit tests (requiring the TestUnit package), which can be run with the command ruby tests/scanftests.rb or the command make test.
Current limitations and bugs
When using IO#scanf under Windows, make sure you open your files in binary mode:"filename", "rb")
so that scanf can keep track of characters correctly.
Technical notes
Rationale behind scanf for Ruby
The impetus for a scanf implementation in Ruby comes chiefly from the fact that existing pattern matching operations, such as Regexp#match and String#scan, return all results as strings, which have to be converted to integers or floats explicitly in cases where what's ultimately wanted are integer or float values.
Design of scanf for Ruby
scanf for Ruby is essentially a -toconverter.
When scanf is called, a FormatString object is generated from the format string ("%d%s…") argument. The FormatString object breaks the format string down into atoms ("%d", "%5f", "blah", etc.), and from each atom it creates a FormatSpecifier object, which it saves.
Each FormatSpecifier has a regular expression fragment and a "handler" associated with it. For example, the regular expression fragment associated with the format "%d" is "([-+]?d+)", and the handler associated with it is a wrapper around String#to_i. scanf itself calls Scanf::FormatString#match, passing in the input string. Scanf::FormatString#match iterates through its FormatSpecifiers; for each one, it matches the corresponding regular expression fragment against the string. If there's a match, it sends the matched string to the handler associated with the FormatSpecifier.
Thus, to follow up the "%d" example: if "123" occurs in the input string when a FormatSpecifier consisting of "%d" is reached, the "123" will be matched against "([-+]?d+)", and the matched string will be rendered into an integer by a call to to_i.
The rendered match is then saved to an accumulator array, and the input string is reduced to the post-match substring. Thus the string is "eaten" from the left as the FormatSpecifiers are applied in sequence. (This is done to a duplicate string; the original string is not altered.)
As soon as a regular expression fragment fails to match the string, or when the FormatString object runs out of FormatSpecifiers, scanning stops and results accumulated so far are returned in an array.
License and copyright
© 2002-2003 David Alan Black
Distributed on the same licensing terms as Ruby itself
Warranty disclaimer
Credits and acknowledgements
scanf for Ruby was developed as the major activity of the Austin Ruby Codefest (Austin, Texas, August 2002).
Principal author
David Alan Black (
Hal Fulton (
Project contributors
Nolan Darilek, Jason Johnston
Thanks to Hal Fulton for hosting the Codefest.
Thanks to Matz for suggestions about the class design.
Thanks to Gavin Sinclair for some feedback on the documentation.
Bugs and bug reports
If you want to help improve the Ruby documentation, please visit
blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
News tagged with nozzle
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe via an orifice.
A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them.
This text uses material from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA


text:
Office of Child Health Equity
Learn more about our mission and our approach
To advocate for improving the health status of children while reducing health disparities in the Bay Area, California and nationally.
The Pediatric Advocacy Program at Stanford provides a coherent structure for local advocacy efforts and community partnerships at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital (LPCH) and the Stanford University School of Medicine (SOM).
The advocacy program is designed to improve the coordination of child-focused advocacy activities and local programs underway at Stanford. The program strives to provide a critical base for developing new initiatives of national importance defining how a major pediatric center can support efforts to strengthen local, regional, and national child health programs and policies through innovative training and community-engaged partnerships.
What is Advocacy?
A commitment to ensuring that all efficacious health and social services are provided to all children in need. Advocacy requires more than good will; it requires both a base of knowledge derived from analytic insight and technical expertise in advocacy, which must be learned through directed educational experiences.
The Pediatric Advocacy Program seeks to provide a strong academic base for advocacy activities and recognizes the proper role of such activities within a university setting. Specifically, the objectives of the Pediatric Advocacy Program are:


Odd behavior when importing contacts from Excel
V
Vic49
I had to export my complete contacts folder (1400+ contacts) from Outlook
2007 to an Excel spread sheet to correct the phone numbers to a consistent
format of "(###) ###-#### x####". When I imported the complete data set, any
of the phone numbers that were more than 10 digits "(###) ###-####" (i.e that
had an extension associated with them) were not imported with the rest of the
contact data. However, when I retried the import and only used a small
subset of contacts (12), all the phone number fields were imported correctly.
Thanks in advance for your help!!

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K
Karl Timmermans
#1 - Did you use the exact same worksheet to import both the complete and
<subset> data? (i.e. using a different named range on import)
#2 - If different worksheets - is the phone number column defined the same
for both (column formatting - i.e. text versus number or general)?
#3 - For the <complete> list - what is the first <row#> that contains an
extension versus just (###) ###-#### or to ask this another way - how may
phone numbers in the first 10-20 or so rows contain an extension in the form
of ( x###) after the phone number?
#4 - If you save your complete list as a CSV file and import that file
instead - do you still have the same issue? (would be very surprised if the
answer was <yes>)
Karl
______________________________________________________
Karl Timmermans - The Claxton Group
ContactGenie - Importer/DataPorter/Exporter/Toolkit
"Contact import/export/data management tools for Outlook '2000/2007"
_URL_

V
Vic49
Karl,
Thanks for your response Below are my answers
#1 - No, I used a different WKS, But insured they both were formatted
identical
#2 - Yes, they were formatted identical.
#3 - The 1st 207 row did not contain an extension (x####), the 208th did. I
tried moving a couple of the contact rows w/ an extension to the top of the
spread sheet and it didn't make a difference, the # ph 3s w/ an ext were not
imported.
#4 - I tried saving as a CSV and importing with the same results.
Thanks again for your assistance

K
Karl Timmermans
Out of curiousity, you did verify that the "phone extension" was actually
included in the CSV file, correct?
Given that you are encountering the same issue with both the Excel and CSV
file, feel free to send a sample Excel file that exhibits the behaviour to
"cgsupport AT contactgenie.com" (referencing that you were referred by me
from the newsgroup) - would like to see what kind of issue this involves
given that importing is something that is more than a passing interest.
Anything submitted to us automatically falls under this NDA -
_URL_ Without being able to test the
actual data - impossible to provide anything but guesswork especially since
the issue should have been resolved when importing the CSV file via Outlook
unless there is something really simple that I've overlooked.
If you send the sample dataset - tests will be run with both Outlook and our
own products using both Excel and CSV to see what happens. For those that
may be following this - will post the findings here as well when done.
Karl
______________________________________________________
Karl Timmermans - The Claxton Group
ContactGenie - Importer/DataPorter/Exporter/Toolkit
"Contact import/export/data management tools for Outlook '2000/2007"
_URL_

V
Vic49
Let me verify that the ph # ext was included in the CSV. Thank for you
offer to review my file. One question: What is the relationship b/t Claxton
and Microsoft? Do you develop the contact import program and OEM's it to MS?

V
Vic49
Eurika! I tried it again using a .csv and this time it worked. When brings
up the question of why didn't it work with an xls file?
Thank, you have been a tremendous help!

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K
Karl Timmermans
Not related to MS or the Outlook import/export wizard in any way either now
or in the past.
Karl
______________________________________________________
Karl Timmermans - The Claxton Group
ContactGenie - Importer/DataPorter/Exporter/Toolkit
"Contact import/export/data management tools for Outlook '2000/2007"
_URL_

K
Karl Timmermans
Suspect that the reason that it did not work from the Excel file is that
when importing an Excel file, the first "n" number of rows are scanned to
determine column field types (forget exactly how many but if memory serves
me correctly - it's somewhere between 10-25 which is why I originally asked
the question). If the data outside that range doesn't conform - things don't
work according to plan (US Zip Codes is another field that many find to be a
headache). That may or may not have been the cause of your problem but at
the very least - suspect if not the absolute cause - very closely related.
Similarly on export - you will have the lead "'" (apostrophe) in the Excel
columns which you don't get if exporting to CSV and then opening the CSV
file in Excel etc etc etc
Particuarly for casual Excel users whose primary goal/interest is in getting
a "task" done versus learning Excel idiosyncracies or dealing with "Named
Ranges" (a simple thing for those who are familiar with NR's but a nightmare
for far too many others) - advice would be to save any worksheet as a CSV
file and import that instead (similarly, export to CSV and open that file in
Excel). Other benefits to that approach besides potentially not wasting a
lot of unnecessary time - the Excel file format is irrelevant and data is
always consistent. I love Excel but in this case, the CSV approach is just
easier/faster/better/more reliable way to get to the same result IMHO. (To
be accurate, most of the things mentioned don't stem from Excel itself but
rather from the Excel <file driver> used to read/create Excel data).
Karl
______________________________________________________
Karl Timmermans - The Claxton Group
ContactGenie - Importer/DataPorter/Exporter/Toolkit
"Contact import/export/data management tools for Outlook '2000/2007"
_URL_

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Working With Suicidal Clients Text-based Home Course (3 CE)
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In the United States, more than 30,000 deaths occur each year as a result of suicide. Each day, approximately 86 Americans will die by suicide. Suicide is now the 11th leading cause of death in the U.S., which is greater than the rate of death by homicide or AIDS-related deaths. This course will explore suicide risk that is associated with mental disorders, particular ethnic populations, and with regard to age (e.g., elders, children, adolescents and college-age adults). This presentation provides therapists techniques for developing suicide assessment protocols and treatment interventions, and in treating suicidal behaviors using a Dialectical Behavior Therapy model.
Authors: Gerry Grossman, MA, LMFT, Melanie Haro, MA, LMFT, Kristen Hudson, MA, LMFT, Nancy Klein, MA, LMFT, Chuck Moshontz, MA, LMFT, Mary Ella Viehe, Ph.D, LMFT
Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to:
 1. Identify mental disorders commonly associated with high suicide risk.
 2. Identify cultural and age group characteristics that may increase suicide risk.
 3. Utilize suicide assessment and treatment protocols.
 4. Integrate Dialectical Behavior Therapy concepts and interventions into suicide treatment.
This course satisfies the following California BBS Pre-licensure requirements:
 - 3 hours toward the 15 hours of Crisis or Trauma Counseling required for California LPCC candidates
Advantages of taking Gerry Grossman Seminars at-home CE courses:
 - Online courses are available to you immediately after purchase.
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1,585 farmers to benefit from Palawan's newly rehabilitated irrigation system
The National Irrigation Administration (NIA) recently inaugurated the newly rehabilitated Malatgao River Irrigation System (Malatgao RIS) in Palawan, which is seen to benefit as much as 1,585 farmers.
As part of this, NIA also turned over nine units of Irrigators Association (IA) Building and two units of combined IA offices and post-harvest facilities.
NIA said the irrigation system project was done under the National Irrigation Sector Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (NISRIP), which is funded through a grant from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) amounting to P189 million.
The rehabilitation works particularly involved three diversion dams, 25.26 kilometers of concrete canal lining, 23.77 kilometers of gravel surfacing, 42 canal structures, one drainage structure, 55 turnout structures, nine IA office buildings, and two IA offices with support facilities.
The project is expected to provide timely and reliable irrigation service to 3,014.73 hectares of agricultural land in the Municipalities of Narra and Aborlan.


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- Project plans
- Project activities
- Legislation and standards
- Industry context
Last edited 05 Mar 2017
Hemp lime construction: A guide to building with hemp lime composites
On 12 September 2008, BRE published Hemp lime construction: A guide to building with hemp lime composites (EP 85). It was written by Rachel Bevan, principal architect at Rachel Bevan Architects and Tom Woolley, professor of architecture at the Centre for Alternative Technology and chairman of the UK Hemp Lime Construction Products Association. It is the output of a Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) funded study commissioned by the National Non-Food Crops Centre.
Hemp lime is a composite material used for walls, insulation of roofs and floors and as part of timber-framed buildings. It is most commonly a mix of renewably-sourced hemp shiv, a specially-formulated lime binder and water.
Whilst there is a growing awareness of the need to reduce the energy use of buildings in operation, there is still a tendency to construct them from materials that have a high embodied energy, or are in some way damaging to the environment. Hemp lime construction offers a real alternative.
It has good thermal and acoustic performance, and offers a zero-carbon solution for sustainable construction, able to capture and store carbon dioxide in the fabric of buildings. It is light weight, reducing the load on foundations, and so requiring less concrete. Hemp masonry is also breathable, able to absorb and emit moisture, allowing the construction of healthier buildings.
According to BRE's Hemp Lime, An introduction to low-impact building materials by Andy Sutton, Daniel Black, and Pete Walker:
|It is particularly suited to projects where the design calls for a rendered or rain-screened external finish, good insulation and minimal thermal bridges. It is most commonly used in conjunction with timber frames, but can act as a non-structural walling element for a variety of construction types, including lining masonry walls.|
Hemp lime construction offers 120 pages of comprehensive guidance on the use of hemp lime for housing and low-rise buildings, providing practical information on materials, design and construction. It includes case studies and design details, and explains how the use of hemp-based material can capture and store carbon dioxide in the fabric of buildings.
Its contents are:
- What is hemp construction?
- Case examples of hemp lime buildings.
- Growing hemp for building.
- Building construction techniques.
- Mixes and materials.
- Durability, moisture, ventilation, indoor air quality and thermal performance.
- Structures, fire and acoustics.
- Life cycle and carbon sequestration.
- Natural products for use in conjunction with hemp lime.
- The advantages of hemp and lime.
- References and notes.
- Useful contacts.
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Elkridge, Maryland (PRWEB) May 23, 2016
In order to bring greater attention to problems caused by climate change, nonprofit organization Planet Aid held public screenings of a climate change documentary at its Baltimore and Milford locations on May 11th.
Entitled Disobedience, the documentary highlights the efforts of the growing "Break Free from Fossil Fuels" movement comprised of climate change activists from around the world. The film focuses on how the extraction of fossil fuels negatively affects the environment and accelerates the processes behind global warming.
As the climate change activists mobilize to increase awareness about the negative environmental impact of fossil fuels, Planet Aid attempts to combat climate change through recycling and increasing the efficient use of vital resources.
"The causes of environmental preservation and sustainability have always been central to Planet Aid's mission," said Ester Neltrup, President of Planet Aid. "Each year, Planet Aid collects and recycles 100 million pounds of unwanted clothing and shoes, which helps reduce CO2 and other gasses contributing to global warming. We hope that this documentary will inform and inspire more people to work together to address the environmental and social issues we face as a society."
With more than 20,000 of its iconic yellow bins nationwide, Planet Aid provides a convenient and environmentally friendly way for people to dispose of their unwanted clothing, shoes, and other textiles. By collecting and recycling these materials, Planet Aid saves valuable resources and significantly reduces landfills, while also funding numerous sustainable development projects around the world.
About Planet Aid
Planet Aid is a U.S. 501 (c)(3) nonprofit and is registered with USAID as a private voluntary organization. Accredited by the Better Business Bureau's Wise Giving Alliance, Planet Aid collects and recycles used clothing and shoes as part of its environmental mission. The net proceeds from its 21-state recycling operation help to support projects aimed at eliminating poverty. Since its inception in 1997, Planet Aid has provided more than $100 million to support projects on three continents. Planet Aid supports programs in education, teacher training, nutrition and agricultural and economic development.


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Diatomaceous Earth vs Horsetail Grass
Silica is essential to the body,
especially for the production of structural proteins
including collagen and elastin. Structural proteins
help give strength and elasticity to the hair, nails,
bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, blood vessel
The body does not absorb and utilize silica in the
form of silicon dioxide. Instead, silica reacts with
water to form small amounts of orthosilicic acid (OA),
which is absorbed by both plants and animals for the
formation of tissues. Although OA is not "silica"
(silicon dioxide) in the scientific sense it is still
referred to as silica. Especially when referring to
OA in plants.
The presence of acid increases the conversion of
silica in to OA. In the body the primary acid source
is stomach acid. Stomach acid declines with age though.
This decreases the body's ability to produce
and absorb OA leading to loss of tissue integrity
and elasticity frequently associated with "aging
disorders". The use of acid blockers or antacids
such as acid heartburn medications, coral, dolomite,
oyster shell or alkaline waters can further inhibit
the production and absorption of OA.
Primary dietary sources in animals for OA include
mineralized water and fibers. OA is formed in natural
water sources as water dissolves small amounts of
silica in soils and rocks forming OA. OA in water
is also taken up by plants where OA helps to give
plants strength by incorporating as part of their
fibers. When these fibers are ingested the OA in the
fibers can be extracted for use by the body.
Horsetail grass (shavegrass) is often incorrectly
referred to as the highest herbal source of "silica",
as OA. The fact is that bamboo stalk is 7 times higher
in silica than horsetail grass.
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is another excellent source
of silica, and also contains much higher levels of
silica than horsetail. DE is the skeletal remains
of phytoplankton and consists of 80% silica compared
to the average 4% silica content for horsetail grass.
As an herbalist I really do not recommend the use
of horsetail grass as a silica source for several
Some species of horsetail are very
Even the less toxic forms of horsetail
grass can cause problems with long term use including
nervous system disorders, headaches, loss of appetite
and premature labor. In moderately high doses, or
as a concentrate, horsetail grass can cause strong
contractions of the blood vessels inhibiting blood
flow to tissues.
Horsetail grass contains the
enzyme thiaminase and the toxic alkaloid equisitine,
both of which deplete thiamin from the body.
Symptoms of thiamine deficiency include depression,
lack of appetite, diarrhea, loss of muscle control,
arrhythmias and tachycardia. Tinctures of horsetail
pose even a greater risk as fresh plants are
frequently used to make tinctures. Fresh horsetail
contains higher level of toxic thiaminase and
alkaloids. Thiaminase in particular is suspected
in the poisoning of livestock ingesting horsetail
grass. Although these poisonings are more likely
due to toxic alkaloids, such as palustrine in
horsetail grass, since ruminants can produce
thiamine in the rumen.
Thiaminase has also been shown to
be toxic to the liver.
Even though the amount of nicotine
in horsetail is small, it does not take much nicotine
to cause harm. Nicotine is one of the strongest
central nervous system poisons known to man. It
only takes 5mg to kill an adult human. To understand
how small the amount really is needed to kill an
adult consider the average single 'O'
capsule normally used for capsuling herbs holds
an average of 500mg. Because nicotine is also a
powerful constrictor of blood vessels much lower
levels can still be especially dangerous for some
individuals. People with poor circulation to begin
with such as diabetics, people with heart disease/failure,
people with hypothyroidism and people with Raynaud's
disease or Raynaud's phenomena are all more
prone to the dangerous blood vessel constricting
effects of horsetail grass.
Horsetail grass is contradicted
with the use of diuretics to prevent abnormally
low potassium levels and stimulants like caffeine
to prevent over stimulation of the nervous system.
It is not clear if nicotine is the only component in
horsetail grass that constricts the blood vessels. Other
alkaloids present in horsetail may also contribute to
As an example of this effect a friend of mine was a
fitness trainer in excellent shape. After drinking 2
cups of horsetail tea she went to bed. She woke up shortly
afterward ice cold because the horsetail grass tea had
constricted her blood vessels decreasing her blood flow.
If a herbal source of silica is desired the best choice
is bamboo stalk, which unlike horsetail grass dilates
blood vessels. This makes bamboo a much safer choice
for people with high blood pressure, conditions that
reduce circulation or that are on contradicted medications.
Other safe sources of silica include nettle leaf, oat
straw and seaweeds.
A better choice though is food grade DE. DE is higher
in silica than herbs and does not contain any toxic
enzymes or alkaloids as in the case of horsetail grass.
Silica is poorly absorbed, but there are ways to increase
levels in the body, even when stomach acid is low. A
simple method is to add a spoon full of food grade DE
to a gallon of water and allow the DE to settle to the
bottom. This may take a few days initially. Pour the
water you intend to drink from the top of the container,
but be careful not to disturb the DE on the bottom of
the container. Refill the container with water and allow
it to settle out again. Keep repeating this process.
A spoon full of DE should last several years if it is
not poured off in the water.
There are several advantages to this method. First
of all, small amounts of the silica in the DE are dissolved
in to the water every time new water is added forming
OA. Secondly, because silica is poorly absorbed only
a fraction of the silica from silica supplements will
be absorbed. In addition, people will not take silica
supplements as often as they will drink water each day.
Adding the silica to water results in the formation
of OA of which small amounts are absorbed each time
a drink of the water is taken. This leads to significantly
higher levels of OA absorption from drinking the water
throughout the day compared to taking an occasional
Is DE Toxic?
Anything can be toxic is sufficient quantities or if
used improperly. DE is only toxic though if inhaled
repeatedly over long periods of time, which can lead
to silicosis. This is actually a potential problem with
other silica sources as well such as clays, which are
formed from the weathering of silica containing rocks.
Ingested DE has not been shown to be harmful though.
In fact, DE has a long history of use in silica supplements
and being ingested to eliminate intestinal worms in
animals and people with no adverse effects.
The reason DE kills intestinal worms without harming
the intestinal wall is simple. Intestinal worms have
much thinner and delicate tissues than the human digestive
system. Worms therefore are prone to the abrasive effects
of DE, unlike the human gastrointestinal tract. In fact,
DE is considerably less abrasive than the fibers we
ingest in our diets, which are less abrasive than horsetail
grass. Horsetail grass is so abrasive that it is also
known as scouring rush for its use in the pioneer days
to clean pots and pans.
DE is only slightly abrasive being more like ultrafine
sandpaper used for polishing. For this reason it is
commonly used in toothpaste to safely clean teeth.
Other common uses of DE are:
- Insect control in foods we consume.
- As an anti-caking agent in foods.
- An addition to animal feeds to keep livestock
worm free without toxicity.
- In cosmetics as a filler, opacifier and scrub
agent since DE is not toxic and it will not harm the
- As an additive to some soaps.
- As a flow agent and filler for the manufacturing
of capsules and pills since it does not harm the digestive
Myths About DE
Myth: DE is "agatized"
silica and has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs hardness
scale making it hard on the tissues.
Fact: This false claim is based on
the hardness of pure silica, which has a hardness of
7. DE is not pure silica though. It is comprised of
80% silica, 10% metal oxides and 10% moisture. The actual
hardness of DE is actually quite low, 1 to 1.5 on the
Mohs hardness scale, which runs from 1 (the softest)
for talc to 10 (the hardest) for diamond. This can be
verified on this link showing the hardness for various
materials on the scale:
Another way to look at this is benton


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Large Modular Jacket LMJ
New jacket substructure concept for installation of large turbines at depths between 50 and 100 metres
This new substructure will reduce the current cost of energy at depths greater than 50 metres and increase production capacity in ports
The main objectives of the wind energy sector in recent years have been focused on reducing energy production costs and the search for a greater wind resource to increase energy production.
However, despite the fact that moving wind farms further away from the coast allows for a greater wind resource and higher quality, and despite the fact that most of the locations in Europe near the coast and at shallow depths are already occupied, there is currently a technological limitation that is holding back the exploitation of marine areas further away from the coast and at greater depths. On the one hand, bottom-anchored solutions at depths greater than 50-60m present limitations due to assembly in port and due to the high costs and low availability of the necessary installation means. On the other hand, floating platforms currently have high manufacturing costs (which will be greatly accentuated with the increase in turbine size) and a still high technological risk, in addition to the fact that there are currently significant limitations on the number of units to be installed annually due to the production capacity of the ports.
In response to the above, within this project INGECID is working on the development of a new concept of jacket-type substructure for depths of up to 100m and turbines of up to 15MW that will reduce the current LCOE of the existing solutions for these depth ranges, making the installation of fixed substructures for these depths viable, and allowing an increase in the productive capacity of the ports.
The achievement of the above is based on the modularisation of the structure and an innovative installation process that will address the lack of availability and high costs of the installation means required for this new target depth range.
INGECID has been working for two years on this new type of jacket substructure, having applied for a patent for the protection of the main innovations associated with it.
You can see projects related to the wind energy sector developed by the INGECID team by clicking here.


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Healing 'Brick City': A Newark Doctor Returns Home
A physician who overcame a difficult upbringing meditates on the nature of his career and the relationship between medicine and public service.
When and How to Pair: Provide students with this article after they have read Chapter 7, in order to explore the themes of heroism and overcoming adversity that are contained within both the article and novel. In the novel, Ponyboy and Johnny have been deemed heroes, and act that seemed as unlikely for them as it was for Sampson Davis to succeed in the article. Ask students to consider how Ponyboy and Johnny's heroic act can possibly change the community? How does this contrast with Sampson Davis' views and experience? Using Sampson Davis' life story as a reference, how did Ponyboy and Johnny's life experiences prepare them to be heroes?


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RSV State Trends
Participating laboratories report weekly to CDC the total number or RSV tests performed that week, and the number of those tests that were positive. Because reporting delays may be expected for some laboratories, data shown for the more recent weeks may be less complete than others. Each point on the trend graphs below displays the average number of RSV tests that were performed, and the average percent of those that were positive from three adjacent weeks: the specified week, and the weeks preceding and following it. This is also known as a centered 3-week moving average.
State-level trends are only displayed when two or more labs report RSV antigen testing data for at least 36 of the prior 52 weeks. If data for a state are too sparse to display during a particular week, we recommend viewing the trends at the HHS Region or Census Division level that contains the state of interest.
In the United States, RSV infections typically occur at the time of annual community outbreaks, during late fall, winter, and early spring. There may be variation in the timing of outbreaks between regions and between communities in the same region.


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Following on from Robert Pickerings F# introduction at Progressive.Net in London last week, I was inspired to try and do something with this powerful functional language.
As an exercise I though't I'd port some old code I wrote in Haskell several years ago, a simple Caeser Cipher cracker.
A Caeser Cipher works by shifting each letter of the alphabet by n positions. A shift of 3 would encode "ABCD" as "DEFG". Due to this simple linear transform (y = x + c), the Caeser Cipher is incredibly easy to crack with frequency analysis. By shifting the ciphertext by 1-25 positions and comparing the frequency of each letter in the resulting plaintext candidate to a table of English letter frequencies, it is possible to easily discover the original plain text (assuming there is sufficient data to make the expected freqency distributions).
Here's the code!
Disclaimer: This is the first F# code I've ever written, so don't count on it being remotely decent. Suggestions for improvements are more than welcome!
#light let alphabet = ['A'..'Z'] let getpos x xs = List.find_index ((=) x) xs let let2nat c = getpos c alphabet let nat2let i = alphabet.[i] let shift i a = nat2let ((let2nat a + i) % 26) let encode i s = new string(Seq.map (fun c -> shift i c) s |> Seq.to_array) let decode i = encode (26 - i) let count c s = Seq.filter ((=) c) s |> Seq.length let percent a b = (float a / float b) * 100. let freqs ws = [for x in alphabet do yield percent (count x ws) (Seq.length ws)] let table = [8.2; 1.5; 2.8; 4.3; 12.7; 2.2; 2.0; 6.1; 7.0; 0.2; 0.8; 4.0; 2.4; 6.7; 7.5; 1.9; 0.1; 6.0; 6.3; 9.1; 2.8; 1.0; 2.4; 0.2; 2.0; 0.1] let chisqr os es = let chied = [for x, y in Seq.zip os es do yield ((x - y) * (x - y)) / y] List.sum chied let crack ws = let wws = [for x in [0..25] do yield chisqr (freqs (decode x ws)) table] let n = getpos (Seq.min wws) wws decode n ws let ciphertext = encode 5 "THEQUICKBROWNFOXJUMPEDOVERTHELAZYDOG" let plaintext = crack ciphertext System.Console.WriteLine(ciphertext) System.Console.WriteLine(plaintext)


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Quick Answer: What Is The Tax Form California Sign To File Keep?
Common California Income Tax Forms Instructions The most common California income tax form is the CA 540. This form is used by California residents who file an individual income tax return. This form should be completed after filing your federal taxes, using Form 1040.
- 1 What is an 8879 form?
- 2 What is a form 540?
- 3 What is the difference between form 540 and 540 2EZ?
- 4 What is the FTB form 540?
- 5 What is a 1040 tax form?
- 6 What is 1120 S form?
- 7 Can I use Form 540 2EZ?
- 8 Why do I need Form 3853?
- 9 Is Social Security taxable in California?
- 10 How do I get California state tax forms?
- 11 What is RDP tax?
- 12 What is the California standard deduction for 2021?
What is an 8879 form?
Form 8879 is the declaration document and signature authorization for an e-filed return filed by an electronic return originator (ERO). Complete this form when: The Practitioner PIN method is used.
What is a form 540?
What is Form 540? Form 540 is used by California residents to file their state income tax every April. This form should be completed after filing your federal taxes, such as Form 1040, Form 1040A, or Form 1040EZ, because information from your federal taxes will be used to help fill out Form 540.
What is the difference between form 540 and 540 2EZ?
What is the difference between Form 540 and 540 2ez? Form 540 2EZ is one of two California Income Tax Forms used by California full-year residents. Use Form 540 2EZ if: Your filing status is single, married/RDP filing jointly, head of household, or qualifying widow(er).
What is the FTB form 540?
What is a Form 540? A Form 540 is also known as a California Resident Income Tax Return. This form will be used for tax filing purposes by citizens living and working in the state of California. This form is used each year to file taxes and determine if the filer owes taxes or is entitled to a tax refund.
What is a 1040 tax form?
The IRS 1040 form is one of the official documents that U.S. taxpayers use to file their annual income tax return. The 1040 form is divided into sections where you report your income and deductions to determine the amount of tax you owe or the refund you can expect to receive.
What is 1120 S form?
Use Form 1120-S to report the income, gains, losses, deductions, credits, etc., of a domestic corporation or other entity for any tax year covered by an election to be an S corporation.
Can I use Form 540 2EZ?
For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2017, California conforms to federal law to include in the definition of earned income net earnings from self employment. If you have self-employment income, you cannot use Form 540 2EZ. Get Form 540, California Resident Income Tax Return at _URL_ or e-file.
Why do I need Form 3853?
Use Form FTB 3853 to determine if you owe an individual shared responsibility penalty or to claim exemptions from the state individual health coverage mandate on your California state tax return. You may be exempt from the individual mandate if your income is below the state tax filing threshold.
Is Social Security taxable in California?
Social security benefits are not taxable by the State of California. Social security benefits may be taxable by the federal government.
How do I get California state tax forms?
If you are trying to locate, download, or print California tax forms, you can do so on the state of California Franchise Tax Board website, found at _URL_
What is RDP tax?
If you're married/Registered Domestic Partner (RDP), you may choose to file separately. Each spouse or partner will prepare a separate tax return and report their individual income and deductions. Tax rates are higher for the married/RDP filing separately filing status.
What is the California standard deduction for 2021?
Single– $12,400. Married Filing Jointly– $24,800. Married Filing Separately – $12,400. Head of Household– $18,650.


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Labels identify green products
It is essential that consumers can identify green products within a product group. Public eco-labels constitute a good and simple way of providing such information to consumers and professional purchasers.
The EU Flower is the eco-label of the European Union. It was established in 1992. The Nordic Swan has existed since 1989. Denmark joined the Nordic eco-labelling system in 1997.
The Flower and the Swan guarantee that a product is one of the least damaging to the environment, and that certain health precautions have been taken. At the same time, quality and function are guaranteed to be at least as good as other products.
2,300 products on the Danish market
Eco-labels are found on a range of products. When a product carries the the Swan or the Flower, the product group has undergone a thorough evaluation of how it affects the environment from the time it is 'born' to when it is disposed of. Quality and health impacts have also been under close scrutiny.
Today there are roughly 2,300 products on the Danish market with an eco-label.
An eco-labelling board, an eco-labelling secretariat and a coordinating committee take care of the administration of the Nordic Swan and the EU Flower.
Read more at _URL_.


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Growing Degree Days
- The Growing Degree Day method (GDD) for estimating when insects will emerge is based on the average daily temperature. It is therefore a more accurate method for timing pest management strategies (spraying pesticides, etc.).
- GDD is calculated by averaging the daily maximum and minimum temperatures and then subtracting the base temperature as follows: ((maximum temperature + minimum temperature)/2) – base temperature.
- Insects, like plants and many other organisms, are dependent on temperature to develop. During warm years insects develop faster and become problems sooner. During cooler years development is slowed down. Problems from ornamental plant pests may be noticed weeks later in a cooler year than in a warmer year.
- The Pest Predictive Calendar is a monitoring tool to assist in predicting when susceptible stages of pest insects are active.
- Use GDD in combination with the Pest Predictive Calendar (click on link to access) to make timely decisions on implementing management strategies to protect your plants.
Cumulative GDD (as of Oct 29)
Eastern Henrico 4521
Western Henrico 4176


text: Wytham Woods is a mixed deciduous forest in southern England. It covers approximately 400 ha, which is a relatively large woodland for the UK and includes a range of different soil types and management histories. Wytham is owned by Oxford University and is used by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) as a long-term monitoring site in the UK Environmental Change Network (ECN). A flux tower has occasionally operated on the site, measuring stand-scale carbon and water fluxes; a canopy walkway gives access to the leaves of canopy trees, and several studies of tree ecophysiology have been carried out there. A network of small (10 m x 10 m) ECN forest-monitoring plots is distributed across the site, and a 1-ha plot forms a focus for carbon-dynamics studies, including soil processes and tree growth. The core ForestGEO plot covers 18 ha (300 m x 600 m), and has been surveyed in detail by airborne lidar and hyperspectral sensors, and by terrestrial lidar.


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Automation with dsClient Terminal
One of the automation options provided by dsTest is controlling dsClient Terminal with scripts. This allows you to develop automation scripts in the tool of your choice and embed dsClient command execution. You can read more about all of the features provided for test automation in Automated Testing Support.
You'll find examples using several scripting languages in /usr/local/devsol/dsTest/lib/.
The –c option enables you to specify a command as part of invoking dsClient:
dsClient -c
In this usage dsClient executes the specified command, prints any response received from dsTest to standard out and then exits.
Note that the dsTest commands must be enclosed in quotes if there is a space character in the command.
dsClient -c "hlr:example_hlr start"
starts the HLR Node named example_hlr
dsClient -c "wait 1000"
causes the a wait period of one second
dsClient -c "hlr:example_hlr action event::cancel rate::10"
starts a cancel event at the rate of 10 events per-second on the HLR node example_hlr
The following examples are commands using TCL exec:
The examples below use the variable $dsClient, which equates to /usr/local/devsol/bin/dsClient.
exec $dsClient -d -c " start"
sends a start command to the node node_name on the dsTest server at IP_address
exec $dsClient -d -c "source ConfigFile.xml"
sources the file ConfigFile.xml on the dsTest server at IP_address
exec $dsClient -d -c "diameter socket ip_address "
sets the diameter socket IP address to IP_Address_2 on the node named Node_Name on the dsTest server at IP_Address
Refer to Commands and Syntax for more information about the syntax used to address elements, attributes, and values.


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The European Day of Languages - celebrating Europe's linguistic diversity for 18 years! Find out about the origins of the Day, why it has become so popular, what is happening in 2019 and how you can get involved this year on 26 September – with some suggestions on resources to use…
Why celebrate languages?
It is estimated that there are between 6.000-7.000 languages in the world today. Approximately 225 of these are indigenous to Europe. Whilst a few languages are spoken by hundreds of millions of speakers, most are spoken by only a few thousand, or just a handful of speakers. In fact, 96% of the world's languages are spoken by just 4% of the people. Although a monolingual way of life is often perceived as the norm, between a half and two-thirds of the world's population is bilingual to some degree, and a significant number are plurilingual. Plurilingualism is much more the normal human condition than monolingualism.
By the age of 21 it is estimated that we have uttered some 50 million words, although I am sure we all know some people who have managed a lot more… For these reasons alone languages would deserve special celebration but in fact there are many more!
The European Day of Languages is held each year on 26 September. It provides an opportunity to raise awareness of all the languages represented in today's Europe and highlight their similarities, their differences as well as some of their quirks. Most of all, however, it is a celebration of Europe's unique linguistic context and an impetus for people of all ages and walks of life to also learn to communicate, (and be understood!) in a language in addition to their own. Around the Day thousands of events take place, often dealing with very different topics and audiences but with the same inherent premise – to encourage language learning.
What are the origins of a Day celebrating languages?
The European Day of Languages is one of the direct outcomes of the 2001 European Year of Languages, which was coordinated jointly by the Council of Europe and the European Commission. Following on from the success of the Year of Languages, on the eve of the final event of the Year, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe declared a European Day of Languages, to be celebrated each year on 26 September. The Day which is "…organised in a decentralised and flexible manner according to the wishes and resources of member states" was officially launched in 2002 with three specific objectives:
to alert the public to the importance of language learning, in order to increase plurilingualism and intercultural understanding;
to promote the rich linguistic and cultural diversity of Europe;
to encourage lifelong language learning in and out of school.The initiative is strongly supported by the Council of Europe, the European Commission and by member countries. 'National Relays'
based in 48 countries promote the European Day of Languages, liaising with event organisers and the media, as well as sending out EDL materials
Why has it become so popular?
There are probably as many reasons as events – however there are certainly a few major factors that have led to the Day's increasing popularity! First and foremost – it is fun! It might be the only day in the year when pupils see their teachers dressed up in what they consider to be the national costumes of other countries or a school assembly in Glasgow sings la Marseillaise! Of course, there is also a strong educational element to the Day. It is an opportunity to learn more about the different languages and cultures which surround us. Whether linguists or not, many people are genuinely fascinated by other languages and even learning a few words during a taster session can be the start of a lifelong passion! The Day is also about valuing all languages – not just those regarded as the dominant ones. Children coming from different language and cultural backgrounds often become stars on the Day, as they are able to teach their schoolmates about the language/s that they speak in addition to the ones they use in school. In 2018, around 1,300 events, taking place in 51 countries, were registered on the official EDL website
. The site receives millions of visits each year.
Although the majority of events are initiated by schools, a significant number are coordinated by language associations and cultural institutes. The Goethe Institut, the British Council and the Institut Français along with other cultural institutes organise EDL events around the world both independently and together under the auspices of EUNIC. The Day has been exported to every continent in the world (with the possible exception of Antarctica – yet!). In 2015 the Goethe Institut organized a literary flashmob in 13 cities in South America
on the occasion of the EDL!
What is happening in 2019?
Each year the European Centre for Modern Languages of the Council of Europe launches an EDL initiative. In 2017 the EDL established a 'world record'
for the largest number of videos (2800) submitted on the theme of languages.
The competition, inviting people to say 'Why they love a particular language', produced a wealth of creative and amusing video clips (in fact 12 hours of them!). In 2018 'How multilingual is your classroom/organisation' highlighted multilingual Europe in practice, by showcasing Europe's most language rich classrooms and workplaces.
The language challenge – what do you dare to do in a foreign language?
For September 2019 we are inviting everyone to participate in a language challenge. The 51 challenges (to be published on the EDL website in May) encourage learners to go a little outside their comfort zone and take advantage of the plentiful opportunities available to practice or learn more about a language beyond a classroom context. The final challenge encourages learners to create a short video based on 'What do you dare to do in a foreign language?' – a selection of the videos will then be published on the EDL website.
Getting involved – resources and competitions
A huge variety of events take place on and around the Day bringing people from different backgrounds and cultures together – just a few examples are:
- seminars on multilingualism,
- language days for the elderly,
- social media days for small languages,
- world record attempts,
- language taster courses,
- 'Eurovision' song contests (on a smaller scale than the one on television!),
- polyglot gatherings,
- language cafés,
- neighbouring languages' festivals,
- poetry slams,
- theatre and dance performances and increasingly
- 'speak-dating' events!
New ideas and creativity are always welcome!
The EDL website in 37 languages offers an array of features and resources to help celebrate the Day, such as:
- a calendar of events featuring activities taking place in celebration of the Day;
- facts, figures, promotional materials and lots of trivia on languages;
- online games and quizzes to test your knowledge of spoken and sign languages, such as an 'Identify the language' game, as well as idioms, palindromes, tongue-twisters and many more examples of Europe's rich linguistic landscape;
- competitions, such as the 'Design an EDL T-shirt' and the most innovative EDL event.
Whilst you may not become an instant polyglot in the space of the 18th edition of the European Day of Languages – if you do decide to get involved, it will almost certainly be an enjoyable and rewarding experience!
© Council of Europe


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Impact of Sulfur on Density of Tetranychus pacificus (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Galendromus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in a Central California Vineyard
Sulfur is the oldest and most widely used fungicide in the vineyards of California, where it is used for control of powdery mildew (Uncinula necator [Schw.] Burr). For decades, sulfur use has been associated with outbreaks of Tetranychus pacificus McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cultivated grapes in the San Joaquin Valley. I undertook large-scale field studies to test this association, to evaluate the impact of sulfur on Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbit) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a major predator of T. pacificus, and to determine if timing of sulfur applications with respect to grape bloom has an impact on T. pacificus density. The studies took place in a 32 ha vineyard in Fresno County, and all fungicide applications were made with commercial-scale equipment. In 1998 a 'high sulfur' treatment, a combination of wettable sulfur and sulfur dust, was compared to 'low sulfur,' in which demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides partially substituted for sulfur. In 1999 treatments were 'sulfur,' 'DMI,' 'sulfur pre-bloom' (here sulfur was applied prior to grape bloom, in late May, and then DMIs were applied until mid-season) and 'sulfur post-bloom' (the reverse of 'sulfur pre-bloom'). In each year, the T. pacificus population increase came after the end of fungicide applications, and results clearly show a relationship between sulfur use and T. pacificus density. In 1998, mean T. pacificus density was 2.7 times higher and mean G. occidentalis density 2.5 times higher in 'high sulfur' compared to 'low sulfur.' In 1999, the highest T. pacificus counts were in the 'sulfur' and 'sulfur pre-bloom' treatments, 4.8 times higher than 'sulfur post-bloom' and 2 times higher than 'DMIs.' Density of G. occidentalis was 2.3 times as high in 'sulfur' or 'sulfur pre-bloom' than 'DMIs.' The predator/prey ratio was not significantly different among treatments in 1998, but in 1999 it was highest in the 'sulfur pre-bloom' treatment. In 1999, density of Homeopronematus anconai (Baker) (Acari: Tydeidae) was 2.7 times higher in 'sulfur pre-bloom' compared to 'sulfur,' and higher by 2.7 times in 'DMI' compared to 'sulfur post-bloom,' suggesting a negative effect of sulfur on this tydeid. These results do not support the hypotheses that the cause of the increase in T. pacificus density is due to negative effects of sulfur on phytoseiids or tydeids. Rather, it appears that a plant-based explanation is likely, first, because of the differences in pre-bloom versus post-bloom sulfuring, and second, because of the long lag time between the end of the sulfur applications and the corresponding increase in spider mite density.
Michael J. Costello. "Impact of Sulfur on Density of Tetranychus pacificus (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Galendromus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in a Central California Vineyard" Experimental and Applied Acarology 42.3 (2007): 197-208.
Available at: _URL_


text:
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of intensive surgery combined with intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) in advanced neuroblastoma. Methods: Clinical features and outcome were reviewed in 33 advanced neuroblastoma patients (24 with INSS stage 4, 9 with stage 3), who had surgery (total excision 29, subtotal excision 4) with IORT (10 to 15 Gy) against the primary tumor site. Results: Three patients (8.8%) had relapse at the primary site, all of which arose from the unirradiated area after stem cell transplantation. Among 29 patients with total excision, disease-free survival was obtained in 15 (51.7%) for an average of 6.9 years, which included 5 survivors of 9 patients (55.9%) with amplified N-myc. In contrast, none of 4 patients with macroscopic residual survived. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly longer survival rates in the patients with total resection compared with those with macroscopic remnants. Conclusions: The intensive surgery with IORT dramatically increased the local eradication and improved the outcome even in advanced neuroblastoma with N-myc amplification. However, long-term survival was not obtained in patients with unresectable residual disease. These results may indicate the key role of surgical eradication in advanced neuroblastoma.
- Intraoperative radiation therapy
- Surgical eradication
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health


text:
Ten Facts About Castle Sieges in Ashes of Creation
The Ashes of Creation site has been updated with a new post called "10 Facts About Castle Sieges". These battles "are intended to be massive events with hundreds of people involved in a single Siege". The latest event saw over 200 players taking part though the team has set the goal to be "the largest organized PvP battles in any MMORPG".
Other facts include:
- tactics and strategy
- castle management
- castle aesthetics, strengths / weaknesses
- how classes play a role
- what determines occupation
- how castles affect Nodes
- capture points
- siege weaponry
Check it all out on the Ashes of Creation site.


Shape Optimization of AALRT Wheel Profile
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Date
2017-06
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Addis Ababa University
Abstract
AALRT is the first modern light rail transit for Ethiopia; it was warmly welcomed by the public and after 1 ½ year still it doesn't answer publics need of transport. However during this short period the trains suffer with fast wheel wear problem and ERC loses money for maintenance costs when changing and re-profiling wheels. This study aims to reduce wheel rail wear by optimizing wheel profile and check dynamic performance analysis of used and new optimized wheel profile. The methodology of this paper starts using two basics 1. If the shape of the Rolling Radius Difference function is defined by the wheel and rail profiles, then the opposite is also valid 2) When the same type of rolling stock is running on the same track and no influence of other type railway vehicles then there is a possibility to design or optimize a new wheel profile, which matches an existing rail profile. Then the obtained profile checked regarding to dynamic performances (tested for stability, wear and safety requirements) using SIMPACK computer package. After optimization and performance analysis the result of this paper shows optimized wheel profile has wear index of 1900N, 420N and 56N on R50curve, R150 curve and on straight track respectively. Which is optimized by 1100N, 120N and 22N wear index compared to currently used AALRT wheel profile. As Conclusion compared to AALRT wheel profile the optimized profile has less wear rate, better dynamic performance, and the same safety requirements. Therefore wheel profile optimization has great impact on wheel Rail wear and AALRT have to work on it for better result.
Description
Keywords
wear index, RRD function, Profile optimization, Dynamic Performance, SIMPACK
Citation


text: The objective of this study was to establish critical limits and functional relationships for soil properties and yield of various crops on Oxisols, Ultisols, and Alfisols of the tropics. Relationships between relative yield and soil acidity, available P, exchangeable K, bulk density, and rooting depth were developed using published data of several experiments on liming and deep liming, fertilizer rates, traffic-induced compaction, and desurfacing. The results showed that critical limits of soil properties for maize (Zea mays L.) were 1.08% for soil organic C, 5.0 for pH, 23.5% for Al-saturation, 7.6 mg kg·1 for P (Bray-l), 0.83 mmol (K+) kg-1 for exchangeable K, 1.50 Mg m·3 for bulk density, and 23 cm for rooting depth. Grain legumes (cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)] had similar critical limits, except higher P requirements. Cassava was less sensitive to acid soils than grain crops. The functional relationships developed can serve as a guideline for assessing soil degradation and determining response trends to inputs.


Parts of the Window
Parts of the Window
Windows 98 bars and buttons
Windows 98 offers several tools to make using the operating system easy.
lesson arrowThe title bar is the horizontal bar at the top of a window. It's usually displayed as white text on blue background.
title bar
lesson arrowThe menu bar is below the title bar. It contains several menus, which let you see a list of commands.
menu bar
lesson arrowSome Windows 98 programs have toolbars across the top of the window. These toolbar buttons allow you to print, cut, paste, and perform other tasks. The options vary depending on the program.
toolbar


The understanding and approach of trained volunteer counsellors to negative racial sentiments in traumatized clients.
DSpace/Manakin Repository
Show simple item record Sibisi, Hleziphi 2009-03-02T08:35:20Z 2009-03-02T08:35:20Z 2009-03-02T08:35:20Z
dc.description.abstract In the current South African context there is a strong likelihood of the occurrence of trauma incidents that involve people of different races. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this has contributed to the increased expression of negative racial sentiments by victims of trauma, especially in crime related trauma, when the perpetrator/s are of a different race group to the victim. This research study locates itself within the small number of studies that have sought to engage with the problem of negative racial sentiments as a response to trauma. This study focused particularly on the observations, explanations and interventions of volunteer counsellors in having to engage with this content in traumatized clients. The study sought to understand the impact that the expression of negative racial sentiments had on the process of trauma counselling and debriefing and on counsellors personally. The research was operationalized within a hermeneutically oriented qualitative research framework. The participant group was comprised of 11 volunteer counsellors from different parts of Johannesburg and from different organizations. Participants were chosen through purposive sampling and face to face semi-structured interviews were used as the method of data collection. Thematic content analysis was employed to analyze the interview texts. The findings suggest that negative racial sentiments are a commonly occurring response following a trauma. Counsellors predominantly understand negative racial sentiments to be part of the trauma symptom pattern, in that they explain such responses as 'trigger' reactions. Counsellors also understood the sentiments to represent pre-existing prejudice, exaggerated and re-evoked by the trauma. The findings indicate that counsellors were developing and utilizing skills and interventions mainly of their own design in engaging with negative racial sentiments, as they are generally not trained on how to engage with this content in trauma counselling. Counsellors use interventions such as normalizing, psychoeducation and CBT based interventions when they do intervene, but in some cases make a choice not to intervene. Counsellors reported considerable discomfort and suggested that although case by case intervention was important, some guidance as to how to work in this area would be useful. The contextual nature of the problem and related interventions was also highlighted. en
dc.language.iso en en
dc.subject Traumatized clients en
dc.subject Volunteer counsellors en
dc.subject Racism en
dc.title The understanding and approach of trained volunteer counsellors to negative racial sentiments in traumatized clients. en
dc.type Thesis en
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text:
An irradiated turbid medium scatters the light in accordance to its optical properties. Near-infrared (NIR) clinical methods, which are based on spectral-dependent absorption, suffer from an inherent error due to spectral-dependent scattering. We present here a unique spatial point, that is, iso-pathlength (IPL) point, on the surface of a tissue at which the intensity of re-emitted light remains constant. This scattering-indifferent point depends solely on the medium geometry. On the basis of this natural phenomenon, we suggest a novel optical method for self-calibrated clinical measurements. We found that the IPL point exists in both cylindrical and semi-infinite tissue geometries (Supporting Information, Video file). Finally, in vivo human finger and mice measurements are used to validate the crossing point between the intensity profiles of two wavelengths. Hence, measurements at the IPL point yield an accurate absorption assessment while eliminating the scattering dependence. This finding can be useful for oxygen saturation determination, NIR spectroscopy, photoplethysmography measurements, and a wide range of optical sensing methods for physiological aims.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Chemical Society.


Youth today spend more and more of their time living sedentary lives staring at a screen. This despite studies suggesting that young people should spend at least half an hour each day being active. Boxing can be an excellent way for your kids to stay active and give them something productive to do after school. Here are some benefits you will notice when your kids start boxing:
Set Goals
Kids learn how to set goals for themselves when they box. Their trainer might push to decrease their running time or increase their strength. Accomplishing small goals can make kids feel great. In this sport, kids are shown how to overcome challenges. All progress is noted and rewarded with recognition, and your kids do not have to win a tournament to feel good about achieving goals.
Boxing requires intense concentration to be successful in it. It is physically demanding but also tests kids' mental strength. This can improve your kids' attention in the classroom and improve academic success. Children who are physically active tend to concentrate better when facing challenges.
Fighting skills like hooks, uppercuts, and jabs can help your child defend themselves if they have to. Boxing teaches kids proper techniques that improve footwork and increase awareness and speed. Trainers always ensure kids understand organized fighting and only encourage them to use their skills outside of the ring for self-defence.
Instill Respect
Boxing teaches children to respect authority and their peers. Trainers teach self-respect and encourage kids to hold their head high at all times. Good sportsmanship is instilled early on and is a valuable lesson for kids to learn throughout their life. Boxers understand the importance of winning and losing gracefully.
Build Confidence
Giving young people positive affirmations helps them develop better self-esteem. Telling children you believe in their abilities sets them up for success. It helps them stay motivated and builds character knowing they can persevere through tough situations.
Social Development
While boxing is an individual sport, it still gives kids the chance to meet other kids. They may also get the opportunity to travel for tournaments, which gives them the chance to go somewhere new. Leagues are usually categorized by age group, so your child can make friends with people their age. They meet kids from different backgrounds and cherish memorable moments.
One of the most important lessons kids learn from boxing is discipline. This sport demands mental and physical strength. Kids overcome challenges that strengthen their character. They learn to respect the time and follow the rules. Boxing changes a kid's behaviour for the better and improves their mental focus.
Boxing sharpens kids' problem-solving skills and teaches them about health and fitness. They appreciate the importance of a healthy diet because of how it will improve their performance in a match. Trainers teach proper form, which prevents injuries and young people remember these tools throughout their lives.
- Improves balance.
- Helps posture.
- Strengthens upperbody and core.
- Boosts endurance.
- May increase alertness.
- Enhances mood.
- Improves hand-eye coordination.


Negatives without "ne"
Discussion in 'French-English Vocabulary / Vocabulaire Français-Anglais' started by s0uper, Nov 11, 2006.
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 1. s0uper
 s0uper Member
 Hey everyone, new here :) I hope this isn't too much of an obvious question. My French teacher's never mentioned it, but she does have a tendency to do that with pretty important things XD (I didn't get taught about putting pronouns before verbs until I asked!)
 I've come across people using the following; [subject] [verb] [pas], eg. "Je sais pas" - missing out the "ne" prior to the verb. Is this just a colloquialism? Or does it have a different nuance to "Je ne sais pas" etc.?
 Thanks for any help! :D
 2. carolineR
 carolineR Senior Member
 Indian Ocean
 this is just oral French as opposed to written French. Same meaning exactly :)
 3. john_riemann_soong
 john_riemann_soong Senior Member
 Singapore / United States
 English, Singlish, Chinese; Singapore
 What is the role of the initial "ne" anyway? How did it come about? In Latin (I don't know Latin), I assume one particle was used, as I observe from Spanish use of "no".
 Usually leaving out the "ne" in "ne...pas" and "ne...rien" statements can work because you can literally translate "je sais pas" to "I know not" (which actually sounds stronger than "I do not know" or "I don't know").
 I'm curious, because currently I think the only role "ne" has is in current language is to clarify the negativity of the particle (where plus could mean "more" or "no more", "personne" can both mean "person" and "no one", "je ne sais quoi" to clarify the negativity of the "quoi", etc.) but it was the original particle from Latin.
 4. Franglais1969
 Franglais1969 Senior Member
 English English, français rouillé
 There is a thread on this forum about this very subject, which was done recently.
 Unfortunately, I am unable to locate it at the moment.
 5. s0uper
 s0uper Member
 Thanks for the explaination, Caroline. I suppose it makes sense, since it's obvious what's meant with or without the "ne", right? :)
 John, I initially thought the same thing - "I know not" etc. I'm going with Caroline's explaination though, since I've really only heard it in speech. "I know not" seems to be more of a formal, written expression I think :)
 6. gilou Member
 France - french
 Yes, this is one of the weird thing that you learn with french étymology:
 ne is the négative particle (from latin).
 First step:
 At some point in french history, a complement to verbs was added in the négative form (to make the negation stronger). I think that this was already the case in vulgar latin.
 So we get:
 Je ne bois goutte (I don't drink a drop) [still in modern french as "Je n'y vois goutte"]
 Je ne mange mie (I don't eat a crumb)
 Je ne marche pas (I don't walk a step)
 Je ne vois point (I don't see a speck)
 Je ne vois personne (I don't see a human being)
 With that construction, some words acquired a negative meaning:
 Je ne vois rien (I don't see a thing) which gave to rien (latin res, rem thing) the meaning of nothing in modern french (but still its old meaning in idioms like "ni rien ni personne").
 same for jamais (Latin iam magis, yet more) which got the negative meaning of never, nevermore.
 Second step:
 the construction ne + verb + pas and ne + verb + point becomes the standard way to negate any verb (and are never more a stronger negation). The meaning of point as speck and of pas as step is lost in the verbal construction at this stage.
 (other constructions with rien, personne, jamais, are used as a stronger negation)
 Third step: ne + verb + point diseappears, only ne + verb + pas remains in standard french (ne + verb + point exists in french dialects ("patois"))
 Last step: modern colloquial french: use of verb + pas instead of ne + verb + pas.
 7. john_riemann_soong
 john_riemann_soong Senior Member
 Singapore / United States
 English, Singlish, Chinese; Singapore
 It is indeed only a colloquial expression... but I think in English it's a curious thing too. "I know not" sounds so strong because it is archaic-sounding, I bet when the dummy "do [not/n't]" auxiliary was first introduced those centuries back, it would have sounded stronger because of the emphatic meaning.
 8. david314
 david314 Senior Member
 Clayton, Missouri
 American English
 See recent thread "C'est pas grave"? D.
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text:
Highway 897 ditches were heavily eroded; left untreated, this can cause major problems. Alberta Transportation contacted Clearflow for a solution. No outside seed was to be used, so Clearflow tested Soil Lynx tackification properties with soil and Geo Jute while vegetation growth occurred "naturally." Returning to the site in June of the following year revealed the establishment of local grasses within the reclaimed area. Soil Lynx was a success.
On Highway 400 an overpass was being constructed. With spring rain and runoff starting to become an issue, Clearflow was called in to protect a nearby stream. Geo-jute and Soil Lynx were used to enhance existing BMPs. Within 24 hours a large rain event occurred and Soil Lynx was put to the test. The results were amazing. The next day the project manager decided to add Soil Lynx to the areas previously untreated.


When we try to understand an organizational process, it's interesting to know how often different things happen. Is an event rare, or routine, given previous events? Currently, in process mining, there are many techniques to discover causal relations in the form of control-flows. Frequencies or probabilities are usually added as later annotations, when they are considered at all. I have a new paper out with Sander Leemans and Moe Wynn, where probability is considered throughout the discovery process, directly producing a stochastic model as output. We call this framework the Toothpaste Miner.
Process mining discovery proceeds from an event log to a process model. The basic idea with the Toothpaste miners is they start with a representation of the event log that preserves all of its causal and stochastic information. It then repeatedly applies transformation rules which reduce the size of the model. Rules are classified by how much information they preserve, and applied in order, preferring ones that preserve more information. In this way similar traces are consolidated into a model summary, like squeezing a part-empty tube of toothpaste. The internal model and final output is a Petri net variant called a Generalized Labelled Stochastic Petri Net. The data structural view on that Petri net is in the form of a weighted process tree.
We were able to show the algorithm terminates, preserves determinism where it is found, and runs in polynomial time. There's also a prototype in Haskell which is restricted to binary trees and partial implementations of some rules. I presented the paper at Petri Nets 2021 a few weeks ago, and there's a 180s teaser video, a 15 minute talk, and some slides, as well as a preprint of the paper itself.
Tube of process tree toothpaste
References
Burke, A., Leemans, S. J. J., & Wynn, Moe Thandar. (2021). Discovering Stochastic Process Models By Reduction and Abstraction. International conference on applications and theory of Petri nets and concurrency.