Wild Rice Vs Basmati Rice
Wild Rice Vs Basmati Rice – What's The Difference?
This vs That
Different countries has its own staple food to brag about, but rice is by far the kind of grain considered as staple food in many countries, especially in Northern America and Asia. Rice is nutritious even if it looks plain. It also complements almost any kind of dish you serve it with.
Rice is a versatile grain that comes in different variety and is available anywhere in the world. The two commonly eaten rice are called the basmati rice and the wild rice.
How can you distinguish basmati rice from wild rice? These two kinds of rice has different scent, texture, and color. Typically, the wild rice is grown in a semi-aquatic farm and can come in various color. It is also chewy when cooked. Basmati rice however is grown in soil and known to have originated in India. Basmati rice has a unique aroma.
Here is a more detailed description and difference of basmati rice and wild rice.
Wild Rice
Seeds from grass. Wild rice is considered seeds harvested from an aquatic grass of genus Zizania. Since these seeds are tiny that it also counted as grains. As for the grass, it is believed edible that even its stem is considered a type of vegetable in China.
This type of rice has been popular in China, Canada, and the United States. The latest study showed that 70% of wild rice in Northern America is cultivated in California.
Wild rice can be cooked and served with different kinds of dishes because it is tasteless and tenderly chewy. It is also very healthy especially when it is 100% organic.
Personally, I like wild rice distributed by Lundberg. It is purely organic, very affordable, and available to be purchased even online.
Wild Rice Nutrition
One cup of cook wild rice which is equivalent to one serving contains the following nutritive value:
 - 166 calories
 - 3 grams fiber
 - 7 grams protein
 - 35 grams carbohydrates
 - 3 grams fats
 - 1 gram sugar
Wild Rice Vs Basmati Rice
Wild Rice Vs Basmati Rice
Wild rice is also rich in protein unlike other kinds of grains. It is also rich in vitamin B6, niacin, magnesium, manganese, folate, phosphorus, zinc, folate, and fiber.
A study also showed that wild rice contains high amounts of antioxidants. Compared to white rice, its antioxidant content is 30 times higher and that is truly amazing because you can get antioxidants at a very affordable price simply by consuming wild rice.
Sadly, unlike freekeh or brown rice which is popularly known and has many different published studies, there is a very limited study on the nutritional value of wild rice and the health benefits we can get from its daily or regular consumption.
Flavor and Texture of Wild Rice
Naturally, wild rice has a bit earthy and nutty taste as described by those who love to eat wild rice. Some does not like its black tea scent, yet it does not taste like it. Cooked wild rice is tenderly chewy even if it looks firm.
If wild rice is undercooked, it remains almost like a hard grain and it is not chewable therefore, if you are cooking wild rice, you need to follow the instructions on the amount of water it needs and attend to it while it is being cooked to ensure it gets well-cooked.
Basmati Rice
"Basmati" is a Hindi word meaning "fragrant". Basmati rice is known for its fragrant grains with a mild nutty smell.
Considered by many as the true rice, basmati rice is also a healthy grain and is said to have originated in India.
Unlike wild rice that is planted in semi-aquatic farmlands, this is planted is soil. It is said that more than half of the supply of basmati rice comes from the Indian Himalayas and some harvested from Pakistan.
Basmati rice is famous to have two kinds, the brown rice, and the white rice. White rice is the most commonly eaten type of basmati rice and which is also less inexpensive compared to brown rice. The Indian biryani for example is a cultural dish that uses white rice as main ingredient. There are also other dishes that you can cook with either white rice or brown rice. There will also be a detailed comparison of these two kinds of basmati rice in this article.
Basmati Rice Nutrition
Having said that basmati rice has two types: brown rice and white rice. It is good to know what makes them different from each other. Let us get into the details of each type of basmati rice by starting with the nutritional value of brown rice.
Brown Basmati Rice Nutrition
Dry brown basmati rice with a serving size of ¼ cup has nutritional value equal to:
 - 180 calories
 - 5 grams protein
 - 4 grams fiber
 - 0 grams sugar
 - 5 grams fat
The nutritional value stated above can lure us to consuming this brown rice but there is also a downside to this.
Brown basmati rice has high arsenic content than other kinds of rice in the market and arsenic is not good for us.
So, why is arsenic bad for us and what is it? Arsenic are found in air, water, and soil. It is a natural element that is not toxic to our body but an inorganic or artificial arsenic which is produced commercially is very harmful to our health.
This artificial arsenic which we consider now as a dangerous chemical is used to fertilized soil to ensure the healthy growth of basmati rice. This chemical is being absorbed by the plant and make the rice also rich in this chemical thus, too much consumption or basmati rice grown inorganically could be dangerous to our health.
However, you can always choose which is grown organically to ensure that it is safe for consumption and truly healthy. Another option is, to choose white rice instead of brown rice.
Flavor and Texture of Brown Basmati Rice
It is expected of brown rice to be fluffy when cooked. It also looks firm yet very chewy because it is rich in fiber.
It is also aromatic, as others described its earthly smell, and it is slightly nutty too.
White Basmati Rice Nutrition
Dry white rice or white basmati in a single serving of about 125 grams contains nutritional value equivalent to:
 - 170 calories
 - 3 grams protein
 - 3 grams fats
 - 1 gram sugar
The nutritional value listed above might not look impressive. It has low protein and rich in sugar, but it is a good alternative to unhealthy brown rice due to its arsenic content.
Flavor and Texture of White Basmati Rice
Compared to brown rice, white rice has a mild floral scent and not as nutty. It is also tenderly chewy and has softer texture.
If you wonder if white basmati rice is bleached, the answer is "no" or not as what we literally mean by bleached.
White rice is naturally white because the bran that covers each grain is removed.
Rice is milled or processed to remove its husk so it can become edible. In this process, the bran and germ are also removed, thus it became white rice. The germ and bran of the grain usually contains the vitamins, fiber, and other minerals.
Since the bran and germ of the rice is removed, the nutritional content found in it is also removed, therefore the white rice becomes less nutritious but not unhealthy.
Many countries like Japan and China use white rice and consider it their staple food because of its health benefits.
Which Is Healthier: Basmati Rice or Wild Rice?
Each type of rice is different from each other and also has different nutritive levels, but they all provide health benefits.
Since we know the difference of basmati rice and wild rice, we can now decide which is healthier for us.
Personally, I would pick wild rice because of its high protein, antioxidant, and fibers content.
As the old adage says that everything should be taken in moderation, I believe we can have an ample amount of each or have it alternately so we can get all the health benefits each type of rice can give.
Related Questions
It is always good to learn more about the food we eat especially if we consider it as our staple food like rice be it basmati or wild.
Sometimes choosing what is best for our diet can be confusing too. So, here is more takeaway information for you.
Is Wild Rice Good for Weight Loss?
Wild rice has higher fiber and protein content and antioxidants compared to other types of rice that makes it the best grain to eat if you intend to lose weight.
Nevertheless, if you're on a diet plan and every calorie you put on the meal is counted, basmati could be the best for you.
Remember, if you are watching your diet due to your doctor's advice or if you have any health issues, it is always best to consult a dietitian to help you.
Leave a Reply


[20.92 MiB] Rig it Right! Maya Animation Rigging Concepts, 2nd edition books by Tina O'Hailey
Rig it Right! breaks down rigging so that you can achieve a fundamental understanding of the concept. The author will get you up and rigging with step-by-step tutorials covering multiple animation control types, connection methods, interactive skinning, BlendShapes, edgeloops, and joint placement, to name a few. The concept of a bi-ped is explored as a human compared to a bird character allowing you to see that a bi-ped is a bi-ped and how to problem solve for the limbs at hand. Rig it Right! will take you to a more advanced level where you will learn how to create stretchy rigs with invisible control systems and use that to create your own types of rigs.
Key Features Hone your skills every step of the way with short tutorials and editable rigs that accompany each chapter. (17+ rigs!!). Read "Tina's 10 Rules of Rigging" and build the foundational knowledge needed to successfully rig your characters. Visit the companion website and expand your newfound knowledge with editable rigs, exercises, and videos that elaborate on techniques covered in the book. Companion data filled with example files at AR(Augmented Reality) enabled images throughout the book! Coffee is not required – but encouraged.
Rig it Right! Maya Animation Rigging Concepts, 2nd edition
Title:Rig it Right! Maya Animation Rigging Concepts, 2nd edition
Format Type:eBook PDF / e-Pub
Date release:
Size:20.92 MiB
Category:Media Arts, Books, Arts & Entertainment


text:
St. Patrick's Day Brawl between Massachusetts and Virginia Lines
Q.Is there any truth to the story about the St. Patrick's Day Brawl between Massachusetts and Virginia Lines? It seems the Pennsylvania Line place a Leprechaun/Scarecrow in the company street of a Virginia regiment who blamed a Massachusetts regiment and a brawl erupted. Washington watched this and without saying a word, the men stopped the fight and went back to their cabins. (Source: Birthplace of an Army)
Bradley Finfrock, Graduate Student, Sterling, VA
A.Trussell in his "Birthplace" book cites a couple of sources for the story: "Washington at Valley Forge" by Theodore W. Bean and "Valley Forge" by Harry Emerson Wildes
John Stoudt also recounts the event in his "Ordeal at Valley Forge" under March 17, 1778
"Today a brawl developed between the various Pennsylvania Troops, German and Irish. The German troops rigged up a grotesque Paddym and displayed it in Camp. This caused the Irish to be indignant, but ascribing it to New England Troops, proceeded to wreak their vengeance upon them. His Excellency quashed it and ordered a grog for all."
Stoudt does not cite specifically where each of his statements come from in his book. It is a compilation of the various events — a daily record — from a number of sources. The account from Bean is not cited as well.
Trussell also relates in his book (p.107): "No contemporary records, official or otherwise, has been found to substanitate this story."
SAS, Courtesy The Valley Forge Historical Society

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Isopods, often referred to as woodlice or pill bugs, are detritivores that play a vital role in our ecosystem by decomposing organic materials and returning nutrients to the soil. They harbour a unique affinity for rotting wood. While providing isopods with rotting wood is essential for their diet and habitat, ensuring safety is equally important given the possible presence of harmful organisms or substances. Today, we'll dive into the process of making rotting wood safe to feed isopods in an eco-friendly manner.
- Sourcing the Wood
Finding the right type of rotting wood for your isopods is the first vital step. Note that hardwoods like oak, maple, and beech are perfect for isopods, while pine and other conifers should be avoided due to their high resin content. Source your wood from an uncontaminated site that hasn't been exposed to harsh chemicals.
- Initial Cleaning
Once you've found the right type of wood, clean it to remove visible contaminants. This process also helps to dislodge any unwanted insects or creatures that might harm your isopods. Gently scrub the wood using a soft brush and water. Allow the wood to air dry after the initial cleaning.
Though isopods love feeding on microorganisms that proliferate in rotting wood, some of these organisms may be harmful to them. Sterilizing the rotting wood is an effective way to neutralize these potentially harmful microorganisms.
One common and efficient method is baking the wood in an oven. Preheat the oven to around 200-250 degrees Fahrenheit, wrap the wood in aluminum foil, and bake for 2-3 hours. Remember, this process can emit smells as the wood heats up, so ensure that you have proper ventilation.
Another method is boiling the wood. This is ideal for smaller pieces, which can be fully immersed in water and boiled for about 2 hours. Make sure to cool and air-dry the wood before introducing it to the isopods.
- Introduction to the Habitat
Now, your rotting wood is safe for the isopods to consume. Gradually introduce the wood to their habitat. You can scatter small pieces around or create wood stacks, providing a nutritious food source and also an enriched environment for them to thrive.
Finally, regular monitoring is crucial to ensure the well-being of your isopods. Pay attention to any changes in their behaviour. If they avoid the wood, it might still contain unpalatable substances; however, this is less likely if the sterilization has been done properly.
Making rotting wood safe for isopods doesn't require professional expertise. All it takes is some knowledge about their dietary preferences and a few simple steps. By ensuring the cleanliness and safety of the wood you introduce to your isopods, you are not only contributing to their health and longevity, but also playing a vital role in maintaining our ecosystem's balance.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


include Gecko, Calotis, Wall Lizard and Monitor Lizard. There are amphibnians like toad, frogs and tree frogs.
There are many species of sea and fresh water fish available in the district. The list of the varieties is too long to find place in this section. Although Noakhali is coastal district, but most of the supply comes from ponds and tanks, canals and low lying areas inundated by rain water, popular varieties include the carp tribe (Cyprinidoes), Ruhi (Labeo rohita), Katla (Catla catla), Mrigel (Cirrhinus mrigala) and Kalabaush (labeo calbasu), Airh (Sperata aor), Pangas (Pangasius pangasius), Tengra (Mystus vittatus) of several types, Magur (Clarias batrschus), Singi (Saccobranchus fossilis) and Koi(Mystus vittatus) are considered to be delicious, Shoul (Channa striatus), Boal (Wallago attu), Gozar (Channa marulius), Chitol (Chitala chitala), Foli (Notopterus notopterus) and Pabda (Ompok pabda) are available in abundance.
Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), Baila (Awaous guamensis), Bhetki (Lates calcarifer), Bata (Labeo bata), loitta etc. fishes are also available in abundance.
Prawn, cray fish(icha) and Crabs are also found. Tilapia, Muralla, Punti, Khoksha, Kajuli, Kakila, Khailsha, Bain and Chela are small fish like Mola, Kachki are found all over the district in abundance.
Created mangrove forests in Nijhum Dwip are habitat of about 5000 Cheetral or Spotted Deer. This island has been declared as the unique Eco-touristic spot for its ideal natural setup with the rich bio-diversification factors and the perennial mangrove forest with wild animals like Spotted Deer, wild Boar and Rhesus Macaque and for the ideal habitat for fish resources.
Places of interest[edit]
Nijhum Dweep[edit]
Nijhum Dweep is a small island under Hatiya upazila of Noakhali. A cluster of islands (mainly, Ballar Char, Kamlar char,Char Osman and Char Muri) emerged in the early 1950s as an alluvium in the shallow estuary of the Bay of Bengal On the south of Noakhali. These new sandbanks first drew the notice of a group of fishermen, who named it Baular Char. In 1974 the Forest Department took an aforestation program for a duration of twenty years in the north side of the island. Covering an area of nine thousand acres, it has now developed into a deep forest with a variety of plant species. Among the trees Keora is much seen. Besides this Gewa, Kankra, Bain, Babul, Karamja, Pashur and many other species are seen. It was renamed 'Nijhum Dweep' by former Minister Amirul Islam Kalam in 1979 observing its isolation and mild nature.
During winter, thousands of migratory birds flock in to island. The fishermen use the airy and sunny land as an ideal place for drying their catches from the sea. Sometimes many of them also construct straw huts on the island as seasonal residences.
On 8 th April, 2001 the government declared the 40390 acres of forest of Jahajmara range including 9550 acres of forest land on Nijhum Dweep as a National Park for the protection and development of the biodiversity of the forest. But in practice, there a very lazy appearance of that declaration.
Bazra Shahi Mosque[edit]
Bazra Shahi Mosque is one of the major archaeological works in undivided Bengal.It is situated 8 miles from district headquarter Maijdee Court. Amir Sanaullah, the owner of Bazra Jaigir started the construction of 'Bazra'Shahi Mosque' in the pattern of Tajmahal in the Hizri year 1134. The construction was completed in the Hizri year 1154. The 'Bazra Shahi Mosque' is a wonderful embodiment of Moghal architecture. In the year 1922, late Ali Ahmed, the Jaminder of Bazra, plastered the whole exterior of the mosque with piece of China clay, which greatly enhanced the beauty of the mosque.
Queen Lurther's Catholic Church[edit]
This is one of the oldest Catholic Church in the country. The Church was established in 1959, named after the Queen Lurther's at Sonapur of Noakhali Sadar upazila. Quiet, bland shadowed environment made the Church glamorous. Christian cemetery containing numerous cross, a giant statue of Jesus Christ, flower garden, spectacular ponds, mission school, Charitable Health Center, Crafts Center are also seen beside the Church. Around the Church there is a large Christian colony.
Gandhi Ashram[edit]
The establishment of Gandhi Ashram trust is rooted with the 'Peace Mission' of Mahatma Gandhi immediately after the communal riots in 1946 at Noakhali. Gandhi stayed for about four months in the riot stricken areas. He started moving around the villages and motivated the people towards his peaceful coexistence and non-violence philosophy. When Gandhiji came to Jayag on 29 January 1947 all sections of the local community extended him whole-hearten support. At that time, Barrister Hemanta Kumar Ghosh of the village donated all his resources to Mahatma for the development and peace of the area and Ambika Kaliganga Charitable Trust was formed. The office of the Gandhi Peace Mission, formerly known as Gandhi Camp, was shifted to the present campus of Jayag, Sonaimuri.
Notable residents[edit]
 1. ^ Encyclopedia of Britannica
 2. ^ Jahanara Akhter Lipi (2012). "Noakhali District". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
 3. ^ "এক নজরে নোয়াখালী". বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় তথ্য বাতায়ন, নোয়াখালী জেলা.
 4. ^ a b Webster, J.E (1911). Eastern Bengal and Assam District Gazetteers:Noakhali. (PDF). Allahbad: The Pioneer Press.
 5. ^ a b c d District Statistics 2011,Noakhali (PDF), Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics(BBS)
 6. ^ Danvers, F.C, The Portuguese in India
 7. ^ Health Bulletin, Noakhali Civil Surgeon Office, Noakhali: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2013
 8. ^ Mahmood, ABM (2012). "Haq, Zahurul". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
 9. ^ "List of Cabinet Secretaries". Cabinet Division, Government of Bangladesh.
 10. ^ Husain, Saadat (22 November 2007). "Cyclones past and present". The Daily Star.
 11. ^ Husain, Saadat (18 March 2014). "Upazila: The unit for effective administration at field level". Financial Express.
 12. ^ "সাংবাদিক এবিএম মূসার সংক্ষিপ্ত জীবনী" [A Brief Biography of Journalist ABM Musa]. bdtoday24 (in Bengali) (Dhaka). 1 April 2014.


You are here
Academic Research Center (ARC)
The Academic Research Center (ARC) is a comprehensive facility offering assistance in research projects, access to online research materials, tutoring in advanced subjects, and tutoring for all levels of Mathematics. It is a place where questions have answers, even if that answer is "Let's find out." Staff are available to answer questions about research, student-available technology (wireless access), and to provide student technical support. Additionally, various faculty members hold a portion of their office hours in the ARC and are available to assist student with questions. The ARC's mission is to provide a setting for inquiry and intellectual pursuit.


Tabs System
The tabs system is used to hide and show specific content on a given page in order to categorise it without the need to view multiple pages
Adding the Tab module
 1. After you have logged in, click "Modules" > "Add New Module"
 2. Drag the horizontal scroll bar to until you can see the "avt.TabsPro" module and then click and drag the module onto the page.
Moving Modules to sit inside the tabs module
 1. After you have logged in, Edit the current page by going to Edit Page > Edit page
 2. Hover over the pencil up the top right hand corner of the module and click Manage Tabs(full screen)
 3. Under the Items Heading click the "New Tab" button
 4. Below the image is a list of instructions what to do with the settings
 1. Title: Displays as the tab or accordion title (it can be separate to the module titles).
 2. Image: Adds an image next to the tab title (1), below is a description of what each option does:
 1. None: Simply does not display an image.
 2. Icon (from portal files): Allows you to select an image from your portal file structure, folders can be navigated to on the left and an image can be selected on the right.
 3. Icon (from URL): Allows you to select an image accessible from the internet e.g. Console Assets.
 Please note that we do not recommend using recources that are outside of your control.
 4. Font Awesome Icon: Select from a pre-defined list of icons
 5. Image header: Select a background icon and states for when the current tab is selected or hovered over by the mouse.
 3. Actions: Allows you to choose whether you want to open the content on the current tab or to redirect to another module.
 4. Select Modules: Choose the modules that will be displayed in the current tab.
 5. Display in accordion: Make the modules inside this tab display as an accordion menu. This can be useful if you want to categorise information again within tabs.
 6. Stack direction: Set the modules inside the current tab stack horizontally or vertically
 7. Default Tab: Sets this tab to be open on page load
 8. New Tab Button: Add the first tab or add additional tabs
 After you have specified your tabs, click the "Save" button up the top right hand corner of the page.
 Here is an example of five tabs with no images with a single module in each tab.
 This provides the following output
Tab Settings
The tabs settings can generally be left to their default values, however there are different layouts that can be utilised, explanations are available under the following image
 1. Tabs Layout: Displays how the text
 - Horizontal Top
 - Horizontal Bottom
 - Vertical Left
 - Vertical Right
 - Accordion
 2. Use Accordion on Mobile: Change the tabs menu to an accordion menu on mobile devices, this is useful as multiple tabs can take up more horizontal space.
 3. Panel Height: Sets the minimum panel height before content is added.
 4. Collapsible: Lets a user click the currently selected tab to hide it's content
 Initially Collapsed: Starts all of the tab content closed.
 5. Show Empty Tabs: Will continue to display tabs even if there is no content in them
 This is useful for content that is hosted on separate websites (e.g. Facebook)
 6. Display tabs in Dialog?: Brings up and interface that allows you to call a window with tab content separately.
 7. UI Settings Widget Provider
 1. Bootstrap: Uses Twitter's bootstrap system to render tabs, this is the recommended system for most SiteDesqPro websites.
 2. JQuery UI: Calls an additional platform to render tabs.
 - jQuery UI Theme Location: Allows you to select a local server, CDN or external link to load jQuery.
 CDN links can be useful as a user might not need to download jQuery UI tab library if they have previously done so on another website.
 - Theme Name: Select a jQuery UI theme
 8. Transition Effect: Add a Fade effect for Bootstrap or choose between Fade, Slide or Fade and Slide for jQuery
 9. Open on Action: Allows a user to change tabs from either clicking or by hovering over a tab.
 10. Auto Scroll: Scrolls the window down to the tab content when you click a tab if the page is longer than the tab system.
 11. Show When Fully Loaded: Only have tab icon available once the tab content has been initialised.
 12. Tab Persistence on Postback: The same tab will stay open if you refresh the current page or if you client the "back" button in your browser after navigating to a different page.
 13. Tab Persistence in Url Bookmark: Adds a anchor to your URL that allows the tab to start open.
 14. Tab Persistence in Browser Cookies: Creates a file within your browser that remembers which tab was open on the page.
 15. Save Button: Click this to save changes.
Advanced Tab Settings
These advanced settings generally don't need to be changed (except to change default tab container to the IMGSTG one).
 1. Maximum number of tabs: Change the amount of tabs that can be created.
 2. Include jQuery: Allows the system to not load a version of jQuery if it is already running in the website skin to reduce page load times.
 3. Include Bootstrap: Allows the system to not load a version of Bootstrap if it is already running in the website skin to reduce page load times.
 4. Container: Allows you to specifically change the wrapping container for the module, if it is available we recommend changing the option to Host: IMGSTG_Tab
 5. Delay (milliseconds): Forces the module to wait for the specified amount of time before running, this can be used if there are some plugins that require to be loaded after the page loads, e.g. the Facebook Page plugin.
 6. Append IDs to bookmarks: This option allows there to be no conflicts between different tab modules on the page to be bookmarked, if there is only one module on the page you can deselect this option to better generate content for bookmarks.


text:
For dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), the fundamental process that determines the maximum short-circuit current is the absorption of light. In such devices, this is produced by the concurrent phenomena of light absorption by dye molecules and light trapping in the mesoporous, titania photoanode structure. The decoupling of these two phenomena is important for device characterization and the design of novel photoelectrode geometries with increased optical performance. In this paper, this task is addressed by introducing a spectral absorption enhancement factor as a parameter to quantify the light trapping effect. The experimental value of this parameter was obtained by comparing the experimentally determined fraction of absorbed light by a dye-sensitized photoanode with the light absorbed by the dye without the mesoporous titania structure. In order to gain more insight from this result, the fraction of light absorbed in the photoanode (on the basis of the dye loading capacity of the titania nanospheres) was also calculated by an optical model for the two extreme cases of the absence of light trapping and maximum light trapping. Accordingly, the photocurrent was calculated under the assumption of solar irradiation, which defined two useful boundaries. Using the experimentally derived values of the spectral absorption enhancement factor in the photoanode optical model, the DSSC short-circuit current can be calculated with good agreement with the value measured in practical devices based on the same photoanode structures. Therefore, our approach provides a realistic description of a practical device and can be exploited as an useful tool to assess the optical functionality of novel photoanode structures. © 2015 Gagliardi and Falconieri.
|Titolo:||Experimental determination of the light-trapping-induced absorption enhancement factor in DSSC photoanodes|
|Data di pubblicazione:||2015|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||1.1 Articolo in rivista|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Home > wiredtopstories > Applying Complex Equations to Curious Phenomena
Applying Complex Equations to Curious Phenomena
January 18th, 2010 01:00 admin Leave a comment Go to comments
Ever wonder why flags flutter? How honey drips? Harvard math professor Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan seeks to explain the mundane details of the world that most people take for granted.
Source: Applying Complex Equations to Curious Phenomena
Related Articles:
 1. The Curious Mind of Ada Lovelace
 2. The Curious Case of Increasing Misspelling Rates On Wikipedia
 3. Scottish Doctors Are Applying Ultrasound to Broken Bones. Does That Really Help?
 4. Woz Applying For Australian Citizenship Because of the NBN
 5. Woz Applying For Australian Citizenship Because of the NBN
blog comments powered by Disqus
YOYOYOOYOYOYO


EMAIL THIS PAGE TO A FRIEND
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
Effects of lead accumulation on the Azolla caroliniana-Anabaena association.
PMID 24509077
Abstract
The effect of lead accumulation on photopigment production, mineral nutrition, and Anabaena vegetative cell size and heterocyst formation in Azolla caroliniana was investigated. Plants were exposed to 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg L(-1) lead acetate for ten days. Lead accumulation increased when plants were treated with higher lead concentrations. Results revealed a statistically significant decline in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in 5, 10, and 20 mg Pb L(-1) treatment groups as compared to plants with 0 or 1 mg Pb L(-1) treatments. No statistically significant change in anthocyanin production was observed. Calcium, magnesium, and zinc concentrations in plants decreased in increasing treatment groups, whereas sodium and potassium concentrations increased. Nitrogen and carbon were also found to decrease in plant tissue. Anabaena vegetative cells decreased in size and heterocyst frequency declined rapidly in a Pb dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that, while A. caroliniana removes lead from aqueous solution, the heavy metal causes physiological and biochemical changes by impairing photosynthesis, changing mineral nutrition, and impeding the growth and formation of heterocysts of the symbiotic cyanobacteria that live within leaf cavities of the fronds.


text:
Background: Although the extant literature on patient safety is rich, few studies have specifically examined safety from the patient perspective. In addition, little is known about how patients decide whether they are safe or satisfied with their care. From a foundation of attribution theory, we suggest that patients may interpret service quality lapses as risks to their safety, and this will influence their evaluations of their care.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among service quality, patient safety perceptions, and patient satisfaction by testing a model that hypothesized a mediating role for patient safety perceptions.
Methodology: Acute care patients with recent inpatient visits at three hospitals were surveyed (Hospital 1, n = 486; Hospital 2, n = 279; Hospital 3, n = 231) to examine the relationships among service quality, safety, and satisfaction.
Findings: Analysis found that patient safety perceptions partially mediated the relationship between service quality and satisfaction in Hospital 1 and fully mediated the relationship in the Hospitals 2 and 3. Thus, patient safety perceptions explained the relationship between service quality and satisfaction. Consistent with previous research, patients who reported service quality problems perceived risks to their safety.
Practice Implications: Although practitioners focus heavily on the technical aspects of care, this study suggests that it would be worthwhile to pay closer attention to how patients evaluate processes of care, in particular, the processes they may use to infer their safety in the hospital.


text:
May 13, 2013
Record-keepers at nonprofit organizations have a lot to track of on a daily basis; donations, fixed expenses and salaries are just a few things they have to juggle while also looking into financial forecasting for the next six to 12 months. Keeping this in mind, it may be smart to use a records management program to help reduce risks.
A new study from Canon Business Process Services, a provider of managed services and technology, showed only 15 percent of executives surveyed said their organization has implemented a risk assessment to determine appropriate retention periods for their records. Failing to have a strategy for records retention could make an organization vulnerable to litigation or miss out on untapped opportunities.
"Whatever records management strategy an organization adopts, the goals should be clear," said Elizabeth Halaki, chief marketing officer at Canon Business Process Services. "Our current and previous surveys indicate that companies want their records programs to help mitigate compliance risk, leverage proven technology and better control their information assets."
Records management strategies must improve
Thirty-eight percent of respondents admitted to not conducting a needs assessments that could help solve problems for the organization, but these initiatives are the only thing that could help with records management. The days when nonprofits keep books by hand are coming to an end, and organizations are using digital processes instead.
One place where records can be stored is the email inbox of record-keepers, giving them quick access to the information they need, while also providing the opportunity to log on from anywhere. Email can be a permanent record, and nonprofits decision-makers can create folders for their messages much like they would a filing cabinet, if security measures are in place. By learning how to better keep records, nonprofits won't be scrambling come audit time.
NYCON members who use First Nonprofit's programs enjoy enduring savings and improved efficiency. Our association knows that success, because from the beginning, we achieved the same great benefits. Great savings, seamless technology, and responsive service. NYCON highly recommends First Nonprofit's remarkable unemployment solutions.
It has been our sincere pleasure to maintain a strong, vibrant business partnership with First Nonprofit. We greatly admire their strong industry knowledge, technical expertise, constant professionalism, knowledgeable and dedicated staff. They are always extremely responsive, personable and provide us with the necessary guidance and recommendations on a numerous variety of employment scenarios. We are impressed with the accuracy of their employment decisions, integrity of their employees and efficiency of their claim handling. We greatly respect and value the consistent, impressive cost savings from the utilization of their outstanding services.
Because INCS advocates for the operating conditions that allow charter public schools to provide high quality public education, partnering with First Nonprofit was an easy decision. First Nonprofit's unemployment programs provide our member schools two operating elements crucial to their ability to provide high quality public education: savings and budget certainty. Capable, committed teachers are the key to student success. By participating in the unemployment insurance savings plan, charter public schools gain peace of mind and are able to invest more money in their teachers.
Throughout our membership in the Unemployment Savings Program, First Nonprofit understood our demands, community dynamics, and the importance of seamless services; that allowed us to serve our constituents better.


text:
Hospitals hit by a vermin invasion: Rats, mice and cockroaches 'putting patients at risk'
06:50 GMT, 10 April 2012
NHS hospitals have to call in pest controllers hundreds of times a year to deal with infestations of vermin, putting patients at risk of disease and infection.
A survey of hospitals in England found many were continually plagued by pests such as rats, mice, ants, silverfish, cockroaches and fleas.
There have been cases of rats in a palliative care ward, mice in a children's nursery, fleas and cockroaches in maternity units, and wards infested with bedbugs.
Accused: Jason Ketley, 42, was bitten on his back and neck at St Ebbas Hospital in Epsom, Surrey. Staff say a field mouse was responsible for his injuries
The incidents have taken place in all areas of hospitals, from intensive care wards and A&E departments to staff rooms and canteens. Some hospitals have had more unusual complaints, reporting problems with squirrels, foxes and birds.
The details, obtained by Freedom of Information requests, will raise concerns that cleanliness is still a major issue at a number of NHS trusts. Vermin can carry infections that can put patients' recovery at risk.
While cases of MRSA and C.difficile have fallen after a nationwide campaign, there are concerns that some other infections are on the increase.
The survey comes only weeks after a vulnerable patient claimed he was attacked by a rat as he lay sedated in a hospital bed.
Jason Ketley, 42, was bitten on his back and neck at St Ebba's Hospital in Epsom, Surrey. Staff say a field mouse was responsible for his injuries.
Last night Professor Mark Enright, an infection control expert at AmpliPhi Biosciences, said: 'This is scandalous and should not be happening in modern hospitals. It points to a lack of general hygiene.
'Rats can carry infections such as Weil's disease, which can be passed on to healthcare workers and patients.
Vermin: A picture taken at the Old Building at the Bristol Royal Infirmary (BRI) in 2004
'If someone is in an intensive care or paediatric ward, they are more susceptible to infection.'
Roger Goss, co-director of the campaign group Patient Concern, said: 'It is terrifying and it shows that the rhetoric about patient safety being the number one priority is often little more than hollow words.
'You'd have thought this kind of problem would not be allowed to arise because cleaning systems are so continuous and efficient.
'But instead there is a question of priorities. If you've got targets to treat everyone in A&E within four hours, then this kind of thing is unglamorous by comparison and doesn't happen.
'There is no target to avoid rats in palliative care units, so it does not happen. The message to patients should simply be: steer clear of hospitals.'
The survey covers hundreds of pest control call-outs between August and January, with details provided by more than 40 trusts. All hospitals have some type of contract with a pest-control firm, either for routine checks or for emergencies.


How to do a sprinkler body shake
What is the problem with sprinkler body shake? How should the sprinkler driver judge and solve the problem?
Watering vehicle body shakes while driving
If the vehicle body is found to be slightly shaken or deflected during driving, it is generally a tire-induced failure. First of all, it may be that the tire balance is in poor condition and the owner is required to do a four-wheel alignment and dynamic balance as soon as possible.
The other situation is more serious, probably because of the deformation of the steel rims, which requires the driver of the sprinkler to go to a professional repair shop for inspection. This condition generally occurs on sprinkler bodies that have a relatively long lifespan. When a new sprinkler is replaced with a new tire or a new steel wheel, one tire balance is required. Otherwise, the steering wheel is prone to jitter when the weight is not even. Body shake can have an impact on driving comfort and handling.
The third situation is caused by the unbalanced deformation of the transmission shaft. Generally, this situation occurs when there are more vehicles that have collided with the chassis of the sprinkler.
ã€€ Body shake at idle
Idle body shake is a condition often encountered by many sprinkler drivers. If a sprinkler driver starts the sprinkler or stops the sprinkler without turning off the engine, if the vehicle body is found to be jittery, it may mean that the sprinkler has the following three conditions:
ã€€ã€€ 1. Oil pressure instability
If you have cleaned engine carbon deposits, washed throttle valves, replaced oil pads, spark plugs, etc., and you still find the vehicle body shakes at idle, we recommend that you check with the service station whether the fuel supply pressure and the intake pressure sensor are normal. If the oil supply is Abnormal pressure or incorrect values â€‹â€‹of the intake pressure sensor and poor working conditions can cause body shake.
Solution: Check oil pressure and replace parts if necessary.
ã€€ã€€ 2, engine parts aging
Sprinkler jerking is also related to engine foot aging. The engine pin is actually the engine's suspension system. The engine pin is responsible for absorbing the slight jitter of the engine during operation. If there is a problem with the engine pin, these vibrations will be transmitted to the steering wheel and cab, causing jitter at idle.
Solution: Replace parts
ã€€ 3. Severe carbon deposit on the sprinkler engine
Severe carbon deposition
The most common cause of shaking the sprinkler is dirty throttle or excessive coke deposits. When the internal carbon deposition of the engine is too much, the gasoline sprayed by the cold start injector will be greatly absorbed by the carbon deposit, resulting in the cold start of the mixture is too thin, making it difficult to start, in this case, only wait until the carbon absorption of gasoline When it is saturated, it is easy to catch the car. After the car is drawn, the gasoline absorbed on the soot will be sucked into the Cylinder by the vacuum suction of the engine, and the mixture will be made rich. When the flammable mixture of the engine is diluted, it will be concentrated after the cold start. Idle jitter. The lower the temperature, the greater the amount of oil required for a cold start, and the more carbon deposition will affect the smooth start of a cold start.
Solution: Clean the oil circuit and check if the idle motor has carbon deposition.
ã€€ 4. Ignition system problem
Check the working status of the sprinkler spark plugs, high-voltage wires and ignition coils. The poor operation of the ignition system and poor flashover conditions of the sprinkler spark plug will also cause such failure phenomena.
Auto Normal Spark Plug
Our company was set up in 2002.We are using the advanced cold punch technology to produce spark plug which is similar to NGK and Champion technology.With such technology, the metal shell and ceramic are better protected the quality of the spark plug are more stable to get avoid from air leaking and broken.Our spark plug products are ranged into more than 100 models with an anual out put of 6 million pcs. Besides the advanced technology,we also have a strong advantage of automatical production.Most of our production device is automatical that we have very high,efficiency and stable quality.Throughout such years of developing,we have gained a good reputation at domestic motorcycle manufacturer.Furthermore,our products have been exported to South East Asia, Middle East, Australia and so on. Revolution,refine and devotion are our principal of working.Welcome to visit us and raise your demand and your comments request are our target to strive.
Spark Plug A7Tc,Changing Spark Plugs,Automotive Spark Plugs,Auto Normal Spark Plug
LIXIN INDUSTRIAL & TRADE CO.,Limited , _URL_


Maze Master Games
Have a code to enter? Enter it now:
Print Customized Trivia
Corn mazes are lots of fun, but if all you do is wander for an hour looking for the exit they can get a little boring. With trivia, your maze adventure can be more fun. Plus, you can have an adventure that is specifically tailored to your group. Here's how trivia works.
Trivia Card
 1. Let's say you already have your trivia card. You arrive at the corn maze and begin walking through. Scattered throughout the maze are checkpoints. You come to the first checkpoint which is a sign with a #1.
 2. Now, you need to look at your maze trivia card. Read question #1 on your card along with the possible answers.
 3. Select what you think the correct answer is, and go in that direction. If you are right, you will be headed towards the next checkpoint. But if you are wrong, you might be headed towards a dead end or completely in the wrong direction.
 4. Once you find the next checkpoint, you will read that question and continue through the rest of the corn maze.
Your Trivia for Your Group
Trivia Setup
Wouldn't it be great if the trivia questions were specially written for your group? Now, Maze Master Trivia lets you fully customize your maze experience when you write you own questions for your group. Whether you are a school, church group, scouts, company, or any other type of group, you can easily write your own questions. Just fill out an online form, print, and bring copies for your group.
 1. Fill in the form online with your very own questions,right and wrong answers. Or, select from more than 60 pre-made categories.
 2. Let the Maze Master automatically make your card with all the right answers heading the correct way in the maze. Just click 'Go' and like magic your card is made.
 3. Hit print and bring a copy for each person in your group. No downloading and no special software needed!
In-Maze Smartphone Games
Trivia Card
Bring along your smartphone for the most advanced smartphone experience and play along with a variety of smartphone based maze games!
Smartphone Trivia Cards
Stop being stuck to choosing from only a few categories of preprinted trivia questions when you visit a corn maze. Now, use your smartphone to get access to more than 60 categories right on your phone so that you always play with a category you like. Trivia is now integrated with your smartphone punch card to give you the entire experience all at once.
Smartphone Checkpoint Punch Cards
Skip that paper punch card and play the interactive QR Checkpoint Hunt. Try to find the hidden checkpoints in the maze and keep track on your digital punch card.
Sample Maze Sign
 1. Start Game: Visit or scan a QR code at the maze entrance to get started. You digital punch card will be activated and loaded right in your web browser. No need to download any apps! Why?
 2. Digital Punch: At each checkpoint in the maze you will find a QR code. Scan it with your favorite QR scanner app, or simply type a 5 digit code into the game box in your web browser. Your code will automatically be marked off.
 3. Maze Success: Once you find all the checkpoints, find the exit and you will then be entered in a contest, get a special coupon from the farm, or even get the chance to compare your maze time to other visitors!
Phone Map
Digital Maze Maps
What happens if your navigation skills just are not quite what you thought they would be? It might be time to check your map. Now you can get your map right on your phone to help you along the way. Even if you think you can dominate the maze without it, you will always have peace of mind knowing that it is there just in case.
Please note that some options are not available at every farm. Check with your favorite farm for more details.
Smartphone Maze GPS
Phone Map
Possibly the coolest advancement in corn mazes since those first paths were cut more than 20 years ago, Smartphone GPS is here. Turn your phone into a fully functioning GPS map of the maze that shows your exact position. While we will not give you turn-by-turn directions to take all the fun out of the maze, you can choose from one of 10 fun characters to see your progress.
Will GPS ruin the challenge?
Every visitor has a different level of comfort entering a corn maze. Some visitors pride themselves on never using a map to get out while other visitors will never enter a maze with fear of being lost forever. With maze GPS you can have a backup or full control.
 - Check your position at any time when you need a little help getting relocated.
 - or
 - If you want the corn maze experience but fear getting lost forever, use your GPS to track your instant progress continually.
 - or
 - Are you someone who dominates corn mazes? We won't tell if you try out the GPS just for a minute because face it, it's really cool.
While the GPS feature like our other smartphone features are specifically designed for mobile use and data, please note that GPS features inherently use more device data and battery. Use is typically comparable to use of other smartphone GPS navigation uses.
GPS accuracy can vary by device and is only is as accurate as your device's hardware. Some iOS devices are known to have only approximate accuracy (25 ft+).
Smartphone GPS is not intended as an emergency safety device. Always follow local maze rules, and know how to exit a maze safely without relying on technology.
Please note that Smartphone GPS is not available at every farm. Check with your favorite farm for more details.
While most visitors just want to play the game, we do want to explain to all our tech geek users out there why we use a web app vs. a native app. Just in case you are interested in our reasoning, read on.
Web apps vs. Native Apps
Apps for your phone or tablet are divided into two categories:
Our App is a Web App
Web apps sometimes get a bad reputation because they are viewed as not having as many features, but sometimes there are many other advantages. Here's why were choose our maze games to be web based:
 1. Device Independent: You can access our games from any device with a web browser. While we test on the most popular iOS and Android devices, you should be able to play from any device with a web browser such as Windows 8, Palm, Blackberry, Kindle, Nook, or even a desktop computer.
 2. One Time Use: Chances are you will only be using our app for a single day while you visit the maze. Why download a big app that you will only delete a few hours later or forget to delete at all? Even if you did save it for next year, chances are you would need to update then anyway.
 3. Fast Start and Easy to Use: While you might be awesome with your phone, believe it or not there are tons of smartphone users that do not really understand how to download an app (we were surprised too, but our testing confirmed this). With a web app there is no searching in app stores for the right app, and you can start the game as fast as you can open your web browser and type a short address.
 4. Always Current: Corn maze season is short. If we catch an error in the programming we can make any changes immediately for all users. If we used a native app it might take days for these fixes to appear in the app store for certain devices.
But, but, a Native App can...
Ok, we know there are a few cool things that a native app could do. Our biggest sacrifice is that we are unable to provide an integrated QR code scanner right within our web app. Hopefully in the next few years HTML5 or HTML6 will provide support in our web browsers for our device's cameras much like the GPS is supported today. But for now, you can either manually type a 5 digit code at each checkpoint or download any QR reader from your device's app store. Many QR readers are free in most stores. If you really want a built in QR scanner, you could try downloading a QR addon for your mobile browser if that option exists on your device.
While we know a large number of apps benefit from being native, we think you will find that our web app is the best choice for this unique type of app. Enjoy!


What Material is Good for Kids Plastic Outdoor Playset - Ningbo Boit Industry & Trade Co., Ltd.
What Material is Good for Kids Plastic Outdoor Playset
Children like to play with toys which on the market are made of various materials. In addition to the appearance of the toy, parents will also seriously consider the material of the toy, because the quality of the material is related to the health of the child. If the material used in the toy is very inferior, it will seriously affect the health of the child. So, what material is good for kids plastic outdoor playset?
Ⅰ. The material of kids plastic outdoor playset-ABS
ABS is the main material for inserting building blocks. The three letters stand for "acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene". The main reason why ABS is used for kids plastic outdoor playset is its good dimensional stability, and the basic particles made can maintain the same height. At the same time, ABS has high hardness and toughness and will not become brittle even at low temperatures. It is resistant to fall and wear.
Ⅱ. Kids plastic outdoor playset material-TPE
TPE is a thermoplastic soft rubber material, easy to process, and can be directly injection molded by conventional injection molding machines. The hardness can have good color matching performance. The material supports oil injection, silkscreen and printing processing. Buy directly from outdoor toy suppliers. It has four advantages:
1. Excellent color matching performance. Children's plastic outdoor toy products are mostly bright and diverse colors, and there are higher requirements for the color matching of TPE materials.
2. Good screen printing performance with oil spray and paint. Most toy products have requirements for screen printing with oil spray and paint.
3. Crack resistance of soft toys. For some plastic outdoor toys for toddlers with very soft hardness, attention should be paid to the selection of suitable TPE materials to prevent cracking after the product is processed. In addition, through the optimization and improvement of the molding process, the cracking caused by the stress shrinkage is reduced.
4. Environmental protection performance. Most TPE materials meet the environmental protection characteristics of ROHS and EN71-3 test standards, but different countries or regions have different test standards for plastic outdoor toys for toddlers.
Ⅲ. Material of plastic outdoor toys for toddlers----PP
In toys, PP materials are mainly used in small children's plastic toys such as teethers and rattles. Firstly, they can be put into the mouth, and secondly, they can be sterilized in high-temperature water.
The following are our most popular children toys:
Bean bag basket toss game
2 golf balls on a string game
Frisbee water bottle game
Head hoop basketball
Related Freeze


text:
Germany is hosting the first annual World Health Summit. Samuel Loewenberg examines the cutting-edge research taking place in the country and what it could mean for medicine.
It is not surprising that the idea for the World Health Summit (Oct 14—18) was conceived in Berlin. After all, the city is not only Germany's medical capital, it is also the seat of government, where policy decisions are made, funding allocated, and priorities decided upon. Yet often health is an afterthought or a political tool rather than a policy driver in and of itself, which is why Detlev Ganten, the former head of the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin first conceived the summit to coincide with the institution's 300th anniversary.
The conference seeks to bring together policy makers, who often do not understand medicine, with medical practitioners, who themselves often operate as if in isolation, disengaged from a rapidly changing world that affects the fundamental factors underlying public health.
"Health should be at the top of the political agenda", said Ganten, a pioneering researcher in hypertension who currently runs the hospital's foundation. Berlin is the biggest academic health centre in Germany, followed by Heidelberg and Munich. The idea of the summit was to "do something that takes up the good tradition of the Charité, the people and personalities who were important, our excellent research, and at the same time to take responsibility for society", said Ganten.
The summit's organisers, who in addition to Ganten include a handful of Germany's top medical researchers as well as the Université Paris Descartes, aim to make academic medicine a key player in public policy. They argue that health care is a field that can both identify future problems and provide innovative solutions, and therefore it should play a central part in government planning. The absence of medicine in public health policy making is something that the Berlin-based conference conveners, located as they are in the nation's capital, are acutely aware. "Academic medicine, which is traditionally not close to public health, needs to take up public health challenges", said Mazda Adli, the executive secretary of the summit. Adli, a psychiatrist, is director of the mood disorders research group at Charité. The goal of the summit, said Adli, is to move academic medicine beyond the realm of therapeutic standards setting and ethics to become an architect of health systems in the public policy context. For instance, he said, "climate change is an absolutely novel topic, and we are trying to establish it within academic medicine".
The World Health Summit coincides with the 300th anniversary of the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Adli, Ganten, and the other conference organisers have far-reaching ambitions for enhancing the role of academic medicine in public policy. By putting medicine in a larger socioeconomic and environmental context, the organisers hope to emphasise its importance in the country's future, to create a strong foundation for international health policy, and to make connections with political leaders and other influential public actors. The conference's sponsorship by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel is already a hopeful sign that the summit could have impact.
The core themes of the conference include consequences of the demographic shift to an ageing society; the health consequences of climate change; the new rash of pandemics and how to prevent them; the health systems of developing countries in eastern Europe and central Asia; life-style-related health problems, such as the obesity epidemic and juvenile diabetes; and the effects of the global economic crisis on health-care systems, which are already strained with rising costs and inequitable distribution.
Germany is a world leader in medical technology for fields such as transplantation
Many of the new challenges facing medicine are occurring on an international scale, and international cooperation is required to overcome them. The summit's subtitle is the "evolution of medicine", and the reference to Darwin is not accidental. Ganten takes the view that the way that society has progressed has led to disharmony. "Our biology is the result of 3·5 billion years of evolution", yet humans' current lifestyles and living conditions are often at odds with that biology, he said. "Many of the diseases that we are facing today are a consequence of the disharmony of our daily life."
The summit's emphasis on integrating different disciplines with medicine was inspired by Rudolf Virchow, a pioneer in public health in the 19th century, who innovatively brought together politics, medicine, sanitation, pathology, and public health. "He is my hero. He is the hero of many people who know the history of medicine", said Ganten
The Charité hospital itself is a unique entity in Germany. Originally a merger of medical units of the Free University and Humboldt, it is now independent of both. Its €1 billion a year budget is mostly provided from insurance company fees, supplemented with 20% support from the government and an additional 10% in research grants. Charité was founded in 1710, and is at the centre of Berlin's reputation as a leader in medical theory, research, and medical technology.
Berlin has already spawned 14 Nobel laureates in medicine, including Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich. Today, Germany is a leader in medical technology, particularly in the areas of cardioelectrotherapy, vascular intervention, and transplantation, and has made cutting-edge developments in weak radioactive rays for cancer and cardiotherapy. The German capital also has the country's first fully-digitised hospital and the country's first clinic for minimally invasive surgery.
Yet even with these innovations, Germany, like many countries, faces challenges in dealing with the economics of its health-care systems—another major theme of the conference. While the USA is struggling to pass legislation to provide health-care coverage for its more than 45 million uninsured, Germany, as with the rest of Europe, is searching for the right balance between regulation and innovation, government-sponsored research and partnerships with private industry, personalised medicine, and cost containment. Ganten notes that many people do not realise that health care plays a fundamental part in the German economy, providing 4 million jobs and accounting for between 12—15% of the German gross domestic product, making it larger than the automobile industry.
Many Germans are unhappy with their health-care system, according to recent polls, which found that 62% of the population are dissatisfied, and an overwhelming 87% of physicians are also unhappy. A large majority of both groups said that the current system was not sustainable and needed to be reformed.
The performance of the health service has declined in recent years, according to more than half of those polled, and many lack faith in the medical staff, drugs, and treatment standards. Most believe the service will get more expensive. Some 60% of physicians working in the public health service said they were considering going into the private sector, and many young doctors are contemplating working in other countries.
On the research front, the country has fallen behind on some fronts because of deeply held social taboos regarding genetic and stem-cell research. While Germany was an early leader in genetics research in the 1980s, much of it was stalled or moved abroad in the wake of strong public protests from groups that saw such experiments with the building blocks of nature as reminiscent of Nazi experimentation. The biotech protesters are strange bedfellows, a mix of environmentalists, religious groups, and human-rights campaigners. Today, nanotechnology and nuclear power are evoking similar antipathy.
German pharmaceutical companies have also been lagging. Drug makers in the country could only claim to have developed six out of 140 newly licensed active substances in 2005, according to a European Commission survey. Genetically engineered drugs accounted for only 12% of the industry's revenues in 2006. To respond to this slump, the German Ministry for Education and Research has started a new programme to promote research and development in the pharmaceutical industry, and particularly biotechnology. Dubbed the Pharmaceuticals Initiative for Germany, the government-sponsored programme will put €800 million towards development and marketing in the domestic industry through 2011.
Germany also does not have a high capacity for moving from translational research into production. By contrast, Ganten notes that Sweden has a very good system for developing practical applications from its research, and Singapore has really excelled in developing high-quality research institutions and attracting top talent. Germany should aspire to similar heights, he said. The devastation of the Nazi period meant that many of Germany's top minds were either murdered or forced to flee the country. "This was the real brain drain and I don't think we ever recovered from that", said Ganten.
If German biomedical research is to thrive, it may have to loosen up. The German biomedical research system is in many ways very rigid, and things are made even more complicated by the country's complex and intensely bureaucratic federal government system. A purist attitude tends to prevail in keeping basic research and applied research separate. At the same time, venture capital is hard to come by, and so more experimental types of research often have trouble finding support. "The German research system is quite conservative", said Ganten. "On the other hand there is quite a bit of money in research and good ideas usually get funding."
Climate for research
One of the conference's key themes is the intersection of medicine with other areas of science. This type of cross-cutting analysis is especially relevant when analysing the new wave of pandemics, which are influenced by both climate change and poverty, said Stefan H E Kaufmann, the founding director of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin and a professor for microbiology and immunology at the Charité. Many insect vectors, for instance, could spread more easily if there are higher temperatures, and new infectious agents emerge at the interface between animals and humankind as wilderness is eroded in favour of livestock


text:
MiniVac 601 was created as an educational kit for digital circuits. The creator of MiniVac 601 is Claude Shannon and the computer was sold by Scientific Development Corporation.
The benefits of electromechanical switches was primarily data storage. Six simple switches are used for binary data input, LEDs represent output, and the large round button is used to enter decimal number change. Although the MiniVac 601 was well received by hobbyists and educational institutions, but large corporations did not accept it.
However, after the manufacturer changed the colour of the casing from red and blue to black, improved the features of the switches, and re-named the model to MiniVac 6010, the price rose up to 479 USD. After these changes, hundreds of these models were sold to various companies in the 1960's.


text:
With the introduction of the new Thermo Scientific MAS Omni quality control products, clinical laboratories can streamline and reduce daily QC testing requirements. The MAS Omni control offering provides consolidation of both routine and specialty testing in the areas of immunoassay, clinical chemistry and serum protein testing. Three unique MAS Omni controls are offered: MAS Omni•IMMUNE, Omni•IMMUNE PRO and Omni•CORE. These controls are targeted for use on the new generation of integrated instrument systems from Abbott Diagnostics, Beckman Coulter, Roche Diagnostics, Siemens Healthcare, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics and Tosoh Biosciences. MAS Omni controls offer a much needed consolidation of routine QC testing to align with these new instrument technologies.
Quality control testing in the clinical laboratory has been slow to adapt to the new technologies available to users. These include communication enhancements with increased reliability on the Internet and most importantly, the consolidation of multiple testing technologies into a single instrument system. Several years ago, it was considered the standard practice to utilize dedicated instruments for each technology used within the laboratory. Instrument manufacturers have driven the integration of technologies to the point where virtually all testing completed by a medium to large laboratory can now be performed on just a single instrument or multiples of the same instrument bolted together to form a singular workflow solution.
Quality control during this time has been primarily focused on creation of new products to cover the new assays being introduced to the clinical laboratory. There had been little to no focus on consolidating individual QC products to better align with the new customer testing requirements. With the launch of Thermo Scientific MAS Omni controls, the focal point has now shifted to better align with the next generation laboratory, the newer instruments and making consolidation now a reality.
MAS Omni controls are focused towards consolidation of two key areas of testing: immunoassay and clinical chemistry. MAS Omni•IMMUNE and MAS Omni•IMMUNE PRO products combine routine immunoassay analytes, cancer markers and several specialty analytes including Vitamin D and PTH. While the MAS Omni•IMMUNE PRO provides Anti-Tg, Anti-TPO and SHBG in addition to the MAS Omni•IMMUNE control product.
MAS Omni•CORE combines the traditional "core laboratory" clinical chemistry with serum protein/immunology analytes including CRP and Rheumatoid Factor. By offering the combination of multiple control products into a few, all encompassing products the clinical laboratory is offered a solution to the day-to-day tedium related to QC testing.
Laboratories will see significant efficiency improvements across several areas of the laboratory through reduced part numbers to maintain, less space required to store QC and the freeing up of valuable rack space on instrumentation that can be better utilized with patient samples. The MAS Omni control consolidation concept is new but when considered it makes absolute sense when compared with the instrument technology now used routinely in the clinical laboratory reliability and quality.
The MAS Omni Controls are targeted towards the following instrument systems:
Abbott Architect ci Systems
Beckman Coulter UniCel Dxl/DxC Systems
Beckman Coulter Access/Access II
Roche Cobas 6000
Roche Modular/Elecsys Systems
OCD VITROS Immunoassay Systems
Siemens Dimension Vista
Siemens Centaur/Centaur CP
Siemens Immuilite Systems
Tosoh AIA Systems
Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific
46360 Fremont Blvd.
Fremont CA 94538-6406 USA
Like this article? Click here to subscribe to free newsletters from Lab Manager


Stratford sub Castle and the oldest road in Britain
by Kerry O'Connor
Stratford sub Castle lies on one possible route of a possible road that would pre-date it by a thousand years and is, possibly, the oldest road in Britain.
The Icknield (Icenhilde, Icenhylte, Icenilde, Icenhilde, Rykeneld, Hikenilde, Hicknel, Hecknal) Way is a pre Roman and perhaps even pre Iron Age route from (Old) Sarum (and perhaps from Exeter) to East Anglia, the territory of the Iceni who may have given their name to it. A Mid 13th C map (Mathew Paris, Scema Britannie, British Library) shows it running from (Old) Sarum to Bury St Edmunds. A different and later Icknield route appears in 14th C sources and includes a Roman section called Icknield Street. It runs north south in Worcestershire and Warwickshire. Some authors call the Icknield Way the oldest road in Britain, others call it a mediaeval myth erroneously linking shorter probably younger tracks together. The Iceni did trade with the south west so a trade route is possible and where a choice is available ridgeways seem more sensible than valley floors and multiple river crossings.
"It keeps along the edge of Groveley Woods and within sound of the nightingales until it bends down to Salisbury ; once probably it or a higher parallel course went over a ford to Old Sarurn, and evidently it is vastly older than the eighteenth-century mile-stones, (The Icknield Way. Thomas, Edward 1916 pages 20 -21). South west of Old Sarum it may be the same route as the Ackling Dyke to Badbury (Origines Celticae, Guest, Edwin 1883 Vol II page 230)
King Edgar (10th C) introduced "The King's Peace", revived by Edward The Confessor, confirmed by William the Conqueror (both 11th C) whereby offences committed on the four principal roads "Watlinge, Fosse, Hikenilde and Erming" were tried by the King's own officers rather than the local court, before this was extended to all highways (12th C). Breach of the Saxon Pax Regis was a far graver crime than the same act as a breach of the homestead's or church's or manor's or Sheriff's peace. It was a crime against the King. Crimes were originally tried as accused versus injured party, fines then being payable to the injured party. When all crimes became against the King's peace, trials became accused versus Rex and all fines payable to him. These four roads were then privileged places under the King's protection in the 10th to 11th C.
The Icknield Way is unmarked on the ground and on maps around Old Sarum, and forgotten. Elsewhere in the country this and its various alternative routes, the Icknield Street, as part of a seemingly unrelated Icknield Way and an Icknield Way Long Distance path are mapped and marked.
Matthew Paris map of Great Britain.jpg
The Icknield Way from Sarum and Wilton in the west to Norfolk in the east.
Matthew Paris' map of Great Britain, Cotton MS Claudius D VI _PHONE_ British Library.
Glovernia is Gloucester. Diulf is Devizes. Planic is Salisbury Plain. Sarefb is Salisbury. Beneath it in red Wiltefir is Wiltshire. Beneath this and the blue line of Icknield Way, Witu is Wilton. Marleb is Marlborough. Neuwerc is Newark. To its south Bealwar is Bevoir. Notigh is Nottingham. Legrecest is Leicester. Stampf is Stamford. Norhamt is Northampton. Graha is Grantham. Burg is Peterborough. Len is is King's Lyn. North Folk is Norfolk. Spa ud is Spalding. _URL_
Benson & Hatcher Old Sarum 1834 plan.jpg
1834 Plan of Old Sarum, Benson and Hatcher, showing The Icknield "Street" (sic) ©Salisbury Museum
Icknield Street.jpg
The (possible) Icknield Way alongside Hudson's Field, labelled The Icknield Street on map above
Image: KMOC
Webpage added July 2020


text:
The reconstituted village of the
Droulers/Tsiionhiakwatha Archaeological Site Interpretation Center
When Jacques Cartier arrived, the St. Lawrence Valley was inhabited by various Native communities, including the St. Lawrence Iroquoians. By the beginning of the 17th century, the St. Lawrence Iroquoian population seems to have deserted the St. Lawrence Valley, while several other groups, including the Huron-Wendats and the Five-Nation Iroquois, vied for control of the area. Like their St. Lawrence Iroquoian compatriots, the Iroquoians living at Saint-Anicet left few clues as to their fate.
Nevertheless, these people's traditions may not be entirely lost, and certain communities are making an effort to ensure that they are kept alive for future generations.
© Droulers/Tsiionhiakwatha Archaeological Site Interpretation Center, 2012. All rights reserved.


Definition:Even Integer/Definition 2
From ProofWiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
An integer $n \in \Z$ is even if and only if it is of the form:
$n = 2 r$
where $r \in \Z$ is an integer.
Also see
Historical Note
The concept of classifying numbers as odd or even appears to have originated with the Pythagoreans.
It was their belief that even numbers are female, and odd numbers are male.
A commentator on Plato used the term isosceles number for an even number, in correspondence with the concept of an isosceles triangle. In a similar way an odd number was described as scalene.


text:
The increase in the number of children without access to healthcare services is an increasingly urgent issue in the United States. By using data from the Community Tracking Study Household Survey 1996 to 1997, we focus this study on the determinants that cause for the widening gap of healthcare service accessibility among children, 18 years and under, in the USA. Our empirical results suggest that factors such as the out-of-pocket price of healthcare services, household income, years of education by parent (or guardian), health insurance coverage, access to healthcare provider (availability of regular provider, obtaining an appointment, and travelling time) and provider-patient interaction strongly determine the actual use of outpatient services by children as realized access (i.e. accessibility).
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Economics and Econometrics


Dismiss Notice
Join Physics Forums Today!
Seeking the truth behind existence of charge: An Intricasy
 1. Mar 30, 2007 #1
 According to Klein Kaluza theory of fifth dimension (followed by string theory),
 there is an elecromagnetic dimension in which every particle of Universe (in Dirac Vacuum) perform translatory and rotational motion due to which they drag the e-m dimension. Thus if any two particles are placed quite distance apart due to spinning of both, they attract or repel each other depending on their spinning. If they've spins in same direction they repel each other and vice versa which is nothing but we can say it as charge.
 2. jcsd
 3. Mar 31, 2007 #2
 I don't think so:
 1. If, spin is the reason of the "real charge", then why neutrinos don't have charge even they've spin.
 2. Photons also have spin but noc harge and also have a sinusoidally varying e-m field.
 3. Charge is not a relative quantity. Consider a condition- a light particle(A) is
 revolving around a heavy particle(B), B has a spin and same angular velocity
 as that of revolution of A. Now, from the respective of A, B isn't spinning,
 does it mean that from respective of A there's no chargeon B?
Have something to add?
Similar Discussions: Seeking the truth behind existence of charge: An Intricasy


- GeneralOpen or Close
 What is CrowdANALYTIX?
 CrowdANALYTIX is an advanced analytics platform that enables data-driven decisions using the wisdom of a global community of data scientists, statisticians and experts on advanced analytics. CrowdANALYTIX solvers enjoy being part of a global community and some of the benefits are:
 1) fun and interesting problem to work
 2) opportunity to challenge yourself and learn new things
 3) network with new people
 4) opportunity to be celebrated personally
 5) freedom to choose what projects, contests and assignments to do
 6) to be a Lead Analyst
 It is a form of social network of people with a common interest - advanced analytics and all its variations. You can send private messages. You can form teams with other solvers. Over time, its features will evolve to address more needs.
 What is a CrowdANALYTIX MODELING Challenge?
 Modeling challenges or competitions are defined as problems where processed or raw data is given to the community to build models to predict an outcome variable based on the business objective. Solvers are encouraged to build different varieties of models or features and submit their predicted output for the test data, which is then evaluated based on an evaluation metric like RMSE etc. The scores are then reflected on the public leaderboard for all submissions. Modeling challenges usually run for a period of 3 weeks. Different variations of modeling contests are organized based on the problem definition.
 What is a CrowdANALYTIX IDEATION Challenge?
 Ideation challenges are defined as contests where a sample data is provided and solvers are asked to come up with possible solutions and ways to use the data for modeling purposes. The main goal of these contests are to come with solution reports for following: how to most effectively use the data and modeling process for business problem in hand, among others. In some cases, there is no sample data, in which it becomes a reporting problem explaining how the problem can be tackled using analytics.
 What is a CrowdANALYTIX VISUALIZATION Challenge?
 Visualization contests are organized for mostly RAW data exploration and to gain actionable insights from the data which can then be presented to the client in a quick and effective manner. It is more visual analytics than pure data visualization. We encourage solvers to come up with statistical insights from raw data and then present in an intuitive and creative manner for the user to base their decisions.
 What is a CrowdANALYTIX LEARNING Challenge?
 Learning challenges form part of contests which are organized for community learning. They might be free or paid depending on the level of problem and are mostly held in collaboration with universities etc. Many times these contests are private contests so individual attention can be given to each participant and help them learn the concepts being covered in the course.
 How do I become a Lead Analyst at CrowdANALYTIX?
 We expect Lead Analysts to have prior experience and expertise in performing similar roles and good domain expertise. They need to be hands-on in the use of relevant tools, and need to have relevant industry experience. Experience on the CrowdANALYTIX platform is a huge positive. Email us to know more.
 I own a boutique company doing advanced analytics. Can my company be a Solver or a Lead Analyst?
 Absolutely. About 10% of the members of our community represent a boutique company. You are welcome to play Lead Analyst roles assuming you have the right levels of experience and expertise.
 - SolverOpen or Close
 How do I register and what information is needed?
 You can register for new account at: _URL_ Please enter a valid email address which is needed for all future communications and account verification. Username, full name and timezone are the only requirements to create a new solver account.
 Where can I change the time zone settings or password?
 Go to Account Settings after logging in and under "Password" tab, there is option to change the timezone. Select your timezone and click change. This would not affect your password. For change of password, enter old and new password to change password.
 How can I delete my account?
 Go to Account Settings after logging in and Click on "Delete Account" tab. Please specify the reason you want to delete the account and we would process your request within the next 24 to 48 hrs.
 How can I update my profile?
 Go to Profile and click "Edit Profile" on right hand side. Here you can update information about your profile like work experience, education etc. and we also encourage you to add tags to describe your skills and domain expertise.
 Why am I being asked for identity information?
 As with any organization, we need a solid handle on who is working on our projects. Some client projects may require additional background and reference checks. Esp. for private contests. Public profile information will also help others users to contact similar users based on interests and improve your network and to form teams for contests.
 How to send private message to another user?
 Messages can be sent via 2 ways.
 A) Go to your inbox (top bar) and click new message. Enter username of user who you want to send message. If you don't know the username, typing few alphabets will give you suggestions for usernames. Select the username you want to send message and enter your message.
 B) Go to a user profile and click on send message on right hand side. This opens a pop up window to send private message.
 - Competitions/ContestsOpen or Close
 How do I submit a response to a contest?
 Contest responses can be submitted only after you "Join" an open contest. After joining the contest, please click on the "Entries" tab on the contest main page. Click "Add an Entry" button. Only pdf, csv, excel, word and zip files are allowed as submissions. Please check the contest description for type of file format to be submitted. Modeling contests only accept csv format. Contest once closed, cannot be participated and hence no responses can be submitted after the deadline.
 How I can participate in private contests?
 Private contests have pre-approved list of participants for learning and university competitions. For some private contests, you can request for an invite. After which a CA manager will contact you and based on the contest requirements, can approve or reject your request. These are handled on a contest by contest basis for each user request. For some private contests: only selected, known solvers, who have signed confidentiality, NDA and other agreements can participate in the contests. Please send an email if you have any queries about private contests.
 After I submit a solution, how much time does it take to be notified of the results?
 For automated leaderboard modeling contests, the resulting score will be emailed to you within 1 or 2 minutes provided your submission file is in the right format. For manual leaderboard modeling contests, the score will be evaluated once or twice a day and an email will be sent to you informing the same. This usually takes maximum of 6 to 8 hours on weekday.
 I cannot see the leaderboard?
 Public leaderboard is only visible for modeling contests to contest participants.
 Is public leaderboard updated for submissions submitted just before the contest deadline?
 Yes. For leaderboard based modeling contests, public leaderboard is updated once after the contest has closed for submissions which have been submitted at the very last minute. You are encouraged to submit response until the last minute. Those responses will be evaluated and scores will be updated on leaderboard. This is valid for both manual and auto-leaderboard.
 How does the public contest leaderboard works?
 The leaderboard for modeling contests can be either automatic or manual. For automatic leaderboard, the system first checks the validity of the response format i.e. correct no. of columns, csv format and no. of rows should be match the submission response format file. If the response file format is not correct-the response is rejected and notification is sent to participant to submit the file again in correct format. The response file submission format is always given as contest document. After the response file format has been checked, the system calculates the response based on the evaluation metric set and the score is updated on the leaderboard (please refresh the page, if you don't see your score on the leaderboard). An email informing the score is also sent to the participant. If the score is greater (or smaller based on contest evaluation criterion) than one already on leaderboard, leaderboard will not be update, only a notification email with score will be sent to the user. This process usually take less than 5 minutes. For manual leaderboard, the responses are evaluated by CA and this usually is done once or twice a day.
 Can I use the competition data for my school projects?
 Please contact us, if you want to use the data for school or university projects. This is evaluated on a cases by case basis based on the data privacy rules for the contest data. Some of the contests are client sponsored and hence the data cannot be used without their explicit permission.
 Can I use the competition data for commercial solutions?
 The CA contest data cannot be used for any commercial use. Please contact us for any enquires.
 Where to download data for open contests?
 The data files for the contest can be downloaded only after you have joined the contest. Go to "Information" tab and click on "Data" tab, from here you can download the contest data files.
 What documents do I need to submit after winning the contests?
 The following documents are needed after you have been declared a contest winner and your code and model has been evaluated by CA:
 A) Passport Copy / Govt. Issued Identity Card
 B) Tax


text:
Inside a church are people. Outside of a church are dark cliffs. The church is maintained by the government, because it is on this distinction, this between space, however narrow, that it draws its legitimacy, in a long history of living under colonization. Gunnar Gunnarsson turned it on its head, in his book Svartfugl, or "The Black Birds," meaning dark-souled people (including but not limited to priests) stealing the light from others, under the influence of a bleak landscape. The English translation is The Black Cliffs — the human oppression, and its intimate relationship with the land, has been wiped clean for an American audience. That relationship, though, is vital, as it represents exactly what one sees in the church above: a portal into the self. The result was a complex book, perhaps the best book of 1932:
So, a self and a book, and a whole lot more.


text:
What is A Disciplined Life®?
Well before the value of social emotional learning became widely recognized in 2003, Perspectives Co-Founders Diana Shulla-Cose and Kim Day had already realized how critical this kind of learning was to their students' success. Fifteen years ago, they embraced the idea that social emotional learning would be an integral part of the Perspectives education model. They understood that the right foundation would help them provide children with safe, caring and well-managed learning environments.
Believing that character development and academic achievement are interdependent, they began brainstorming ideas for creating a school culture of both personal and academic excellence. They knew that providing their students with instruction in life skills, such as self-discipline, perseverance and good communication, would help them succeed. Together, they identified a set of principles that would guide Perspectives and called them A Disciplined Life®.
Social emotional learning standards have since been developed in accordance with Section 15(a) of Public Act 93-0495. This Act calls upon the Illinois State Board of Education to "develop and implement a plan to incorporate social and emotional development standards as part of the Illinois Learning Standards." Since the day Perspectives opened the doors to its first school, A Disciplined Life® has been in place, helping our students to succeed.
Today, the 26 principles of A Disciplined Life form the foundation of our culture at Perspectives Charter Schools and help prepare our students for success in college, the workplace and in life. Over time, A Disciplined Life has become integral to every aspect of Perspectives, informing our behavior, communication and productivity, while being cornerstone for our curriculum and professional development. It serves as a common language for our students, staff and parents as we work to achieve a culture of success.
A Disciplined Life translates into success for our students. Of our 2010 graduates, 97 percent were accepted to college. They have learned what it takes to succeed and understand that character, self-discipline and personal responsibility can change what the future holds for them.
We integrate the principles of A Disciplined Life in all aspects of our school community. From the classroom to the playground, from the front office to staff meetings – it is our common language and practice. A Disciplined Life ensures that we are focused and intentional about creating a culture of success for our students and we have recently begun developing assessments to measure impact.
How do we measure A Disciplined Life?


text:
Marion County how does your garden grow?June 28, 2016
From the rolling hills to the tall trees of the Appalachian landscape, West Virginia has always had green growth to see.
For those with a green thumb, Marion County provides a perfect spot to begin growing a garden, meeting other enthusiasts or just admiring the view of our Marion County gardens.
Check out these special spots for garden enthusiasts in Marion County!
Feast Your Eyes
If you love seeing summer in bloom but wouldn't know how to raise a plant or two, these observation destinations are for you!
Pricketts Fort State Park
Take a trip out to Pricketts Fort State Park and see how the original gardeners grew their crops.
Mother Nature can show you all her secret blooms on a Nature Walk through the park while you listen to the birds chirp and trees rustle with a summer breeze.
Then, see how the early settlers used plants for more than food! The 18th Century Field Gardens have plants used for cooking, such as pumpkins, squatch and corn. They also include medicinal plants and those used for dying and clothing.
You'll learn about the Iroquois legend of the Three Sisters, and why you should plant your corn, bean and squash during the same season for good growth and healthy soil!
The Marion County Master Gardeners also have a plant sale in the spring to help raise money for all the gardens at the fort they maintain.
You'll learn how gardens have grown for centuries and some homespun plant remedies at this leisurely adventure!
Frank and Jane Gabor Folklife Center Gardens
Fairmont State University's Folklife Center has gardens growing and waiting for guests.
Stop by the magical Master Gardeners Fairy Garden for a visit with the little people, then explore the beautiful Elizabeth Cann Stopiak Living Garden.
The John M. Teahan Memorial Celtic Garden will bring you back to the old country of the Scots-Irish immigrants who settled these lands, so listen closely for the sounds of bagpipes playing as you stroll through.
See the Janice Watts Living Garden outside of the Turley Center to honor the creator of Fairmont's city flag and a former professor at Fairmont State.
Don't forget about seeing the rest of Fairmont State's campus before you go!
With trees and flowers covering the campus, this university knows how to landscape for the garden-loving soul!
Marion County Visitor Center
For more pretty plants, stop by the Marion County Visitor Center and see the roses in bloom!
The flowers outside are a sweet treat before heading inside to catch a cup of coffee and all the latest spaces for green adventures in Marion County.
Then, for dinner, wine and dine your time at Heston Farm!.
The courtyard is full of fragrant blooms that will make your dining experience fragrant with the smells of food and flowers.
Get Down and Dirty
For those who want to test their gardening skills in a group setting, Marion County's gardening support programs are just plain rosy!
Fairmont Community Garden
Need a space to plant dinner for your whole family? Want to teach your kids where food comes from? The Community Garden has a plot for that!
Located on Oliver Ave., this community spot has gone through a lot of change in the last year. Now parented by Learning Options, Inc., the garden is growing again and needs volunteers!
Check out the garden's website to see how you can get involved with either your own rented bed or donation beds to give back to the community.
Whatever you decide, you won't be alone with the community volunteers you'll be working beside!
Marion County Master Gardeners
Preparing to take your gardening expertise to the next level? Check out the Master Gardeners for how to being a genuine gardening guru!
As part of the WVU Extension services, this green group serves the local community with educational support for those trying their wings in the gardening world.
If you want knowledge and scientific know-how from a group that knows, consider taking the ten week Master Gardeners Course. After this and 40 hours of volunteering, you'll be certified to talk green with anyone you meet!
Want to know more? Be a guest at a monthly meeting and see how you can get involved with a support group like the Master Gardeners.
Supply and Try
With observation inspiration and knowledge from Marion County gardening experts, you may be ready to begin your own gardening adventure. Check out these supply stores for every season!
Mon River Garden Center
Ready to dig up that backyard and get to work on your own family garden?
Mon River Garden Center has supplies for all your gardening and landscaping needs!
Whether you want to carve out a wilderness of mulch and trees or glory in a Greek paradise of statues, fountains and flowers, you can find a variety of options for the amatuer to the expert.
Don't forget about the critters—welcome and unwelcome! Grab bird seed, fencing, pest prevention sprays and any other supplies you may need to keep your new garden from becoming an animal buffet!
Fairmont Garden Center
Want to liven up your living space but don't have the room for a vegetable garden out back?
Fairmont Garden Center has a wide variety of hanging baskets and succulents perfect for sweet success with small spaces.
This roadside attraction also has seasonal treats, including pumpkins in the fall and spruces in the winter. For spring time Mother's Day treats, let Mom pick a pocket of perennials or other flower favorites for the yard or porch.
Mt. Zion Nursery
Take a trip to the good old days at Mt. Zion Nursery when the whole family goes to pick out the Christmas tree!
This Christmas tree farm has nostalgia to share! First opened in the 1940s, generations of folks have picked, cut and drug their way home to a lit tree by the fire, ready for holiday cheer!
Make sure to mark your calendars for this gardening getaway! At Christmas time, complimentary cookies, hot cocoa, candy and more are side dishes to your new family tradition.
Through the rest of the year, come here for mulch, flowers, plants and design needs for any of your landscaping feats!
Taste a (Local) Treat
If you are content to let the experts grow, you can still reap the healthy benefits of locally grown fresh food!
Mark your calendars for market days as the ever-expanding farmers market rolls around each week.
Every Tuesday, head downtown to Veteran's Square and think about the dishes you will make with the fresh produce you find there! From strawberries to herbs to breads and cheese, your mouth will water as you buy these tasty treats!
On Thursdays, shop again at the new I-79 Technology Park location, and then on Saturdays head out to Fairview for another chance to find a scrumptious meal grown right here in Marion County!
Annual Tomato Tasting Festival
If you have mastered the art of gardening in Marion County this summer and are ready to show the world your success, get ready for the annual Tomato Tasting Festival!
Held at Highgate Carriage from 12-4pm on August 21st, this food favorite festival is not for the faint of heart!
Local farmers will offer up their prized tomatoes to the judges, while
music, vendors and artisans entertain during the tasting decisions.
No matter how you decide to go green this summer in Marion County, make a move with our gardens to celebrate the wonderful and wild side of our state!


Computing Projectile Size from Crater Diameter
H. Jay Melosh and Ross A. Beyer
This is a program to estimate the size of a projectile that made a gravity-dominated crater of the given size. Three different estimates are presented, but the pi-scaling method is currently considered the best!
Crater Descriptor
Enter the crater diameter in km
This diameter is: Transient Final
Projectile Descriptor
Enter the projectile density in kg/m3 or
Impact Conditions
Enter the impact velocity in km/sec or
Enter the impact angle in degrees
The impact angle is measured between the approach trajectory and a plane tangent to the surface. This angle is 90 degrees for a vertical impact.
Target Descriptors
Enter the target density in kg/m3 or
Enter the acceleration of gravity in m/sec2 or
Target Type
liquid water
loose sand
competent rock or saturated soil
PtyS/LPL Home Page
Web form processing provided by PIRL.
Last Updated: Decemmber 6, 1999