text:
Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMO)
The Housing Act 2004 defines a House in Multiple Occupation
- An entire house or flat which is let to three or more
tenants who form two or more households and who share a
kitchen, bathroom or toilet; or
- A house which has been converted entirely into bedsits or other
non-self-contained accommodation and which is let to 3 or more
tenants who form two or more households and who share kitchen,
bathroom or toilet facilities; or
- A converted house which contains one or more flats which are
not wholly self contained (ie the flat does not contain within it a
kitchen, bathroom and toilet) and which is occupied by 3 or more
tenants who form two or more households; or
- A building which is converted entirely into
self-contained flats if the conversion did not
meet the standards of the 1991 Building Regulations, and more than
one-third of the flats are let on short-term tenancies.
To be an
the property must be used as the tenants' only or main residence
and it should be used solely or mainly to house tenants. Properties
let to students and migrant workers will be treated as their only
or main residence.
What is the Definition of a Household?
Members of the same family living together including:
- Couples married to each other or living together as husband and
wife (or couples in a same-sex relationship)
- Relatives living together, including parents, grandparents,
children (and step-children), grandchildren, brothers, sisters,
uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces or cousins
- Half-relatives will be treated as full relatives.
- A foster child living with his foster parent is treated as
living in the same household as his foster parent.
- Any domestic staff (e.g. au-pair or live-in nanny) are
also included in the household if they are living rent-free in
accommodation provided by the person for whom they are
Therefore three friends sharing together are considered three
households. If a couple are sharing with a third person that would
consist of two households. If a family rents a property that is a
single household. If that family had an au-pair to look after their
children that person would be included in their household.
Properties where only two single, unrelated
people live are not
Licensing Requirements of HMOs
The Housing Act 2004 introduced mandatory licensing of certain
Licensing is intended to monitor management and property
standards to ensure that landlords and
managers are carrying
out their legal responsibilities.
If the building is three or more storeys and is occupied by five
or more tenants forming at least 2 households, and the
households have to share a bathroom, kitchen or toilet, it will
require a licence.
The licence cannot be transferred to another person or property,
so if the owner sells the property, the new owner must apply for a
licence if they continue to operate the building as an
If you own and manage a
that needs a licence,
please download and complete the
Application Form here (PDF, 612KB). Please note that this
form is not accessible to users of assistive technology and needs
to be downloaded and completed by hand and returned to the Private Sector Housing team. Your application
must be accompanied by the correct HMO licence fee:
- HMO up to 6 habitable rooms - £472
- HMO up to 8 habitable rooms - £489
- HMO up to 10 habitable rooms - £511
- HMO 11 or more habitable rooms - £528
Habitable rooms are bedrooms and living spaces, but
exclude kitchens, bathrooms / WCs, under stairs
cupboards, pantries, halls and landings.
If you own or manage a
that does not require a
licence, more information is available on the
Standards page about the facilities and fire
safety standards that are required.
For information about fire safety requirements in
s, please read the LACORS
Fire Safety Guide available on our Fire
Planning Requirements for HMOs
Changes to planning law come into effect on 1st October 2010, so
that a planning application for change of use will not be needed
where a property is being changed from a family home to a
. To check whether
your need planning permission for any changes you are proposing,
please refer to the Planning
The Private Sector Housing Team deals with all
please contact us if you need further
information or guidance, or to request a property inspection.


text:
The Black Creek Project will provide little benefits to the Keystone Lakes and will waste over $42 million of state resources that could be used to provide real benefits to the areas' water resources. The problem with the Black Creek Project is that for large parts of the year there will not be water that can be pumped from Black Creek at Penney Farms without causing significant harm to Black Creek. Before spending almost $2 million this year on planning a pipeline that will have no water in it for parts of the year the St. Johns River Water Management District should look at its calculations again.
Any attempt to pump water from Black Creek when it is below its average flow of about 130 cubic feet per second would likely harm the ecology of the South Prong of Black Creek immediately above and below the point where the water is withdrawn. The impacts of withdrawals below the 130 cfs on the endangered Black Creek Crayfish should be a real concern. Recreational use of the South Prong of Black Creek will likely be impacted by withdrawals when flows are below 130 cfs.
Over the past 24 months, the flow at Penney Farms was below 130 cfs 77 percent of the time. Over the last 24 months only 1,680 million gallons of water could have been pumped for Black Creek if one considers flows over the average flow to be high flows. The SJRWMD indicates water will be withdrawn at high flows.
There is a less costly method of getting water to the Keystone Lakes that could start immediately. Over the last 24 months, Chemours has discharged much more than 1,680 million gallons of water into the Alligator Creek that flows through Starke. Those discharges added to the flooding that Irma caused in Starke and around Lakes Sampson and Crosby. Placing a 10 millions of gallons per day pump at the Chemours discharge point and pumping the water into the Old Dupont Mine Site would allow more water to flow to the Keystone Lakes than the proposed Black Creek Project.
The Chemours option could start now with existing Chemours pumps. The cost to add the 10 mgd pump and the needed pipe might even be less than the $2 million in this year's budget for just 60 percent of the cost of the Black Creek Project design. The big bonus for us Bradford County residents is the Chemours option would reduce flooding during future rain events like Irma.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Staff can do searches on a limited basis as time permits.
- Write us at Watonga Public Library, 301 N Prouty, Watonga, OK 73772
- Call us at _PHONE_ or fax at _PHONE_
- e-mail us at _EMAIL_
Resources Online and in the Library
Ancestry Genealogy Database
Available at the library only. No remote access.
Cemeteries of Blaine County Oklahoma
Includes all county cemeteries. The Cemetery Index is now digitized and kept up-to-date with one month. Use the index at the library or, if time allows, ask us to perform a limited search for you.
Call the library to order a copy of the Cemetery Index @ _PHONE_.
A Centennial History of the Watonga Area: 1892 to 1992
This comprehensive history of Blaine County was compiled by a committee of local citizens with many families contributing histories. The book covers 100 years of history of Watonga and the surrounding area. The library staff has digitized the subject and name indexes. A limited number of these books are still available. Contact the library at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_ or The Watonga Republican at _PHONE_ for details.
Watonga 1892 to 1992, a history of Watonga's buildings
Their Story: A Pioneer Days Album of the Blaine County Area
Contains collected family histories.
Watonga Republican newspaper
On cd-rom and microfilm, 1892 to present, founded by T. B. Ferguson, Territorial Governor.
The Story of Fay: History & Memories _PHONE_
Contains collected family histories of the Fay, Oklahoma area
They Passed This Way: A Family History of Early N. W. Blaine County
Family histories, especially Canton, Oklahoma area
Ancestry's Red Book
American State, County & Town Sources shows where to write for birth and death certificates and other documents in the United States
1880 United States Census and National Index on cd-rom
1900 United States Census (indexed) online
Annotated Bibliography of Cheyenne-Arapaho Resources (PDF, 93 KB)
Oklahoma Historical Society Living Legends Collection
Link to OHS Oral History Collection on youtube
Assorted Individual Family Histories


Sun Java System Messaging Server 6.3 Administration Guide To Set a Grace Period
The grace period specifies how long the mailbox can be over the quota (disk space or number of messages) before messages are bounced back to sender. The grace period is not how long the message is held in the message queue, it's how long the mailbox is over quota before all incoming messages, including those in the message queue, are bounced. (see 20.1 Overview for more details.) The grace period starts when the user has reached the quota threshold and been warned. See To Setup Quota Notification.
To specify a quota grace period at the command line:
configutil -o store.quotagraceperiod -v number
where number indicates number of hours.


text:
Tissue harmonic imaging: why does it work?
Thomas JD; Rubin DN
J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998 Aug;11(8):803-8
The recent utilization of harmonic frequencies in the imaging of both tissue and contrast
agents has dramatically improved echocardiographic image quality. In contrast
harmonics, the harmonic frequency energy is generated on reflection from the
microbubble contrast agent. In tissue harmonics, the harmonic frequency energy is
generated gradually as the ultrasonic wave propagates through the tissue. Critical to the
utility of tissue-generated harmonic frequencies is their origin beyond the chest wall and
their nonlinear relation to the fundamental frequency energy strength. These two
characteristics of tissue-generated harmonics ensure that the echoes most likely to
produce artifact are least likely to produce harmonic waves. Armed with an understanding
of how these images are produced and with data emerging as to their clinical utility, we
anticipate that harmonic imaging will become the standard for assessing regional and
global left ventricular function in technically difficult studies.
Back to E-chocardiography Home Page.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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1.
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract ; : 1-7, 2023 Jun 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-20243843
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed eating disorder (ED) services worldwide. Data suggests a worsening of psychopathology and an increased request for specialised treatments. Still, the studies are mostly based on experimental protocols with underpowered short-term opportunistic experimental designs. Thus, this study aims to assess the clinical and psychological differences between patients admitted to a specialised ED Unit before and after the COVID-19 breakout. METHODS: Consecutive patients admitted from June 2014 to February 2022 in a specialised EDs Unit were enrolled. A total sample of 498 individuals was enrolled in this retrospective study, collecting demographic and psychopathological data at admission. RESULTS: An increase in the admission of patients with anorexia nervosa has been reported, with lower age and higher levels of specific and general psychopathology, especially linked to body uneasiness. CONCLUSIONS: Results are put into the context of the preparation for the next pandemic that may require similar mitigation measures as COVID-19 to ensure the impact on existing and new patients. Covering an extended period with validated tools, our results might help psychiatric services to reassess their treatment pathways after the pandemic, helping clinicians to delineate future treatment interventions.KEYPOINTSAfter the COVID-19 breakdown, there was an increase in the admission of patients with anorexia nervosa to specialised services.More severe psychopathology was not accompanied by lower body mass index.Specialised eating disorders services should face sudden changes in patients' requests for treatment.Understanding the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting mitigation measures taken can lead to better preparations for the next pandemic.
2.
Eating and Weight Disorders ; 26(8):2443-2452, 2022.
Article in English | APA PsycInfo | ID: covidwho-_PHONE_
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions had negative impact on the psychopathology of people with Eating Disorders (EDs). Factors involved in the vulnerability to stressful events have been under-investigated in this population. We aimed to assess which factors contributed to COVID-19-induced worsening in both general and specific psychopathology. Methods: Three-hundred and twelve people with a clinically defined diagnosis of an ED and undergoing a specialist ED treatment in different Italian ED services before the spreading of COVID-19 pandemic filled in an online survey. ED specific and general psychopathology changes after COVID-19 quarantine were retrospectively evaluated. Factors related to COVID-19 concerns (financial condition, fear of contagion, perceived social isolation/support, satisfaction in peer, family or sentimental relationships), illness duration and treatment-related variables (type of treatment provided, type of access to care, satisfaction with therapeutic relationships) were included as predicting factors in a structural equational model, which included latent variables consisting of general and ED psychopathology items as outcomes. Results: A perceived low quality of therapeutic relationships, fear of contagion and increased isolation were positively associated with psychopathology worsening. Reduced satisfaction with family and with friends' relationships and reduced perceived social support were associated with ED and general symptoms deterioration, respectively. No significant effect emerged for intimate relationships, illness duration, economic condition and type of treatment. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of clinical variables associated with psychopathological changes during the COVID-19 lockdown period highlighting potential risk and resilience factors and, possibly, informing treatment as well as prevention strategies for EDs. Level of evidence IV: Evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis such as case studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
3.
Front Psychiatry ; 12: 789344, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-_PHONE_
ABSTRACT
The negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on people with Eating Disorders (EDs) has been documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a history of traumatic experiences during childhood or adolescence was associated with a higher degree of psychopathological worsening during COVID-19 related lockdown and in the following re-opening period in this group of people. People with EDs undergoing a specialist ED treatment in different Italian services before the spreading of COVID-19 pandemic (n = 312) filled in an online survey to retrospectively evaluate ED specific and general psychopathology changes after COVID-19 quarantine. Based on the presence of self-reported traumatic experiences, the participants were split into three groups: patients with EDs and no traumatic experiences, patients with EDs and childhood traumatic experiences, patients with EDs and adolescent traumatic experiences. Both people with or without early traumatic experiences reported retrospectively a worsening of general and ED-specific psychopathology during the COVID 19-induced lockdown and in the following re-opening period. Compared to ED participants without early traumatic experiences, those with a self-reported history of early traumatic experiences reported heightened anxious and post-traumatic stress symptoms, ineffectiveness, body dissatisfaction, and purging behaviors. These differences were seen before COVID-19 related restrictions as well as during the lockdown period and after the easing of COVID-19 related restrictions. In line with the "maltreated ecophenotype" theory, these results may suggest a clinical vulnerability of maltreated people with EDs leading to a greater severity in both general and ED-specific symptomatology experienced during the exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic.
4.
J Affect Disord ; 285: 77-83, 2021 04 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-_PHONE_
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on specific Eating Disorder (ED) and general psychopathology in people with an ED diagnosis during the lockdown period and after the end of the related containment measures. METHODS: People with clinically defined diagnosis and undergoing treatment for an ED completed an online survey, which included adapted questions from standardized psychometric scales. Data relative to three different time periods (before, during and after the end of lockdown) were collected. Psychopathological changes over these periods were investigated and compared through one-way analysis of variance or covariance with repeated measures. RESULTS: Three hundred twelve people completed the survey (57.4% diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) or atypical AN, 20.2% with Bulimia Nervosa, 15.4% with Binge Eating Disorder, 7.05% with Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders). The severity of both specific and general psychopathology increased during the lockdown and the rise of general symptoms persisted in the following re-opening phase, except for suicide ideation. Almost all of these findings were not affected by ED diagnosis, participants' age and illness duration. LIMITATIONS: The retrospective nature of data collection is the main limitation of the study. CONCLUSIONS: People with EDs showed a COVID-19 emergency-induced worsening of both general and specific psychopathology. The effect on general psychopathology persisted in the re-opening period. These findings suggest a high stress vulnerability of ED individuals with important effects on internalizing symptoms, which are worth of attention by clinicians.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Communicable Disease Control , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Humans , Psychopathology , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2
5.
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL


text:
Exploiting the Sacred: Natural Resource Extraction on Native American Tribal Lands
MetadataShow full metadata
Native American cultures possess a strong, spiritual relationship to the natural world around them. They view Mother Earth as the giver of all life and strive to achieve harmony with the environment in which they live. The land itself holds spiritual significance for Native American tribes and is considered to be sacred. However, many Native American tribes have engaged in large scale natural resource extraction, with in and beyond the boundaries of their own tribal lands. While this source of economic gain has had a positive transformative impact on multiple impoverished Indian nations, there are many issues that make the process very difficult. Firstly, the process of large-scale resource extraction is often detrimental to the earth's ecological systems. This makes resource extraction inherently contradictory to traditional Native American religion, creating a divide between Native traditionalists and those who wish to promote economic growth. Secondly, federal trusteeship of Native American tribal lands has created a federal bureaucracy that makes tribal resource development a very complicated process. As a result, lands and leases are often mismanaged by the federal government to the great disadvantage of tribes. Lastly, a sudden oil boom can bring about dramatic demographic changes to an Indian reservation which is often times met with a lack of infrastructure and preparedness. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the social and legal implications of the barriers listed above, as well as explore Native conceptions of and attitudes towards energy resource extraction.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Deerfield Village-Wide Drainage Study
The Village has hired Christopher B. Burke Engineering to conduct a Village-wide drainage study and a storm water master plan. The scope of the master plan includes studying and analyzing the existing storm sewer system, building and confirming a hydrologic / hydraulic model, determining flood reduction projects, the preparation of a Village wide drainage study report, and exploring the possible validity of a future storm water utility fee. The ability to accurately understand the Village's stormwater deficiencies and its future stormwater improvements will allow for the proactive planning and improvement to such areas.
During July, Christopher B. Burke Engineering will also be collecting information from residents to verify the results of this analysis and developing alternatives to mitigate flooding and increasing storm sewer capacity through know problem areas. Resident and business owner feedback is critical to the success of this project. Click here to learn more.


Views
3 years ago
GL900 USER'S MANUAL - Graphtec
GL900 USER'S MANUAL - Graphtec
Settings and Measurement
Settings and Measurement Trigger Level Settings/Alarm Level Settings If the start side source setting or stop side source setting is "Level", specify detailed conditions for each channel. The overall structure of level triggers are as shown below. CH n Mode Level Pulse n Mode Level Combination Trigger Logic n Mode Pattern Comparison * Pulse and Logic are toggled back and forth. * The Logics 1 to 4 are fixed to pattern comparison. CH n Mode Level Pulse n Mode Level Or Alarm output n Logic n Mode Level * Pulse and Logic are toggled back and forth. * Specify an alarm output destination for Pulse and Logic for each channel. The conditions are ORed for each alarm output destination. Example) Suppose CH1 and CH2 are set to Output 1 and CH3 and CH4 to Output 2. If either CH1 or CH2 meets the conditions, Alarm Output 1 occurs. If either CH3 or CH4 meets the conditions, Alarm Output 2 occurs. Setting Description (1) Combination Sets the combination of trigger conditions set for each channel. Level OR : Starts (stops) capturing data when at least one trigger condition is met. Each condition is a level operation. Level AND : Starts (stops) capturing data when all trigger conditions are met. Each condition is a level operation. Edge OR : Starts (stops) capturing data when at least one trigger condition is met. Each condition is an edge operation. Edge AND : Starts (stops) capturing data when all trigger conditions are met. Each condition is an edge operation. (2) Mode Specifies the mode for trigger comparison for each channel. Off : Disables triggers for the set channel. ↑ H (Rising) : Generates a trigger when an input signal is above the specified level. ↓ L (Falling) : Generates a trigger when an input signal is below the specified level. Win In : Generates a trigger when an input signal is (has come) between the upper and lower limit levels set for each channel. * There is no setting for a logic channel. Win Out : Generates a trigger when an input signal is not (has moved out from) between the upper and lower limit levels set for each channel. * There is no setting for a logic channel. (3) Level Specifies the level for trigger comparison. Set one level for comparison if the mode is set to ↑ H (Rising) or ↓ L (Falling). Set two levels for comparison if the mode is set to Win In or Win Out. (4) Hold Generated Alarm Specifies the operation that occurs when the alarm conditions are met once and then are no longer met. Hold : Maintains the alarm status when the alarm conditions are met once and then are no longer met. (Press the CURSOR key to clear the alarm). Do Not Hold : Clears the alarm status when the alarm conditions are met once and then are no longer met. 3-31
Settings and Measurement About Level and Edge Operations In the level operation, the trigger conditions are assumed to be met only if they are met when the START key is pressed (after the timer reaches the set time). In the edge operation, the trigger conditions are assumed NOT to be met even if they are met when the START key is pressed (after the timer reaches the set time). The trigger conditions are assumed to be met only if they are no longer met and then are met again. Example) If the mode is Rising Trigger generation area The START key is pressed here. Measurement immediately starts in the level operation. An edge that exceeds the setting level is needed. Measurement starts here in the edge operation. Setting level CAUTION There is an error of ±1% at the maximum to the range between the trigger setting level and the level at which the trigger is actually generated (trigger generation level), e.g. ±0.01V in the 1V range. Approx. 1.3% of trigger hysteresis is provided to the trigger generation level. Approx. 0.5% of alarm hysteresis is provided. About the Trigger and Alarm Operations H : A trigger/alarm is generated when the signal input rises to (or exceeds) the specified level. Trigger (alarm) generated area Measurement starts (alarm generated) Set level CH.1 L : A trigger/alarm is generated when the signal input falls to (or falls below) the specified level. Trigger (alarm) generated area Measurement starts (alarm generated) Set level CH.1 Win In : Used to specify the upper and lower limits for each channel. When the signal level goes within (or is within) either limit, a trigger/alarm is generated. Trigger (alarm) generated area Measurement starts (alarm generated) Set upper level Set lower level CH.1 3-32
GL220 Quick Start Guide - Graphtec America Inc.
NVR + IP Camera User Manual
QCapture PRO 7 User Manual - QImaging
Amiko Alien 2 User Manual - Freeviewshop.co.nz


text:
Mr. Mushtaq Ahmad Shahid
Field Wing is the backbone of PASSCO, handling with procurement and disposal of agricultural commodities like wheat, pulses, and paddy. There are 13 zones working under the administrative control of GM (Field) spread all over the Pakistan. The Government policy of procurement of food grains has the broad objectives of ensuring effective price operation have resulted in sustaining the income of farmers also ensuring availability of food grains to the weaker section at affordable prices. It also ensures effective market intervention there, by keeping prices under check and overall food security of the country. Field wing plays a key role in all aspects the wing has established a large number of purchase centers in different zones. Though Government has decided their locations and various parameters. Where stocks are brought. The whole time senior management involved in the procedure of fumigation, satisfactory measures of stocks and its distribution.
FUNCTIONS – FIELD WING
- Procurement and handling wheat, pulses, paddy, sunflower or any other agricultural commodities including perishables and their disposal.
- Coordinate with national and other grain handling agencies for improvement in grain handling and storage systems of the Corporation.
- Plan and coordinate for transfer/posting of field staff and provision of facilities to the field Zones.
- Ensure smooth and economical commodity operations.
- Exercise control through visits and surprise checks during the procurement and other field operations.
- Ensure timely allocation and disposal of stocks held by the Corporation.
- Evaluate and recommend disciplinary actions, if needed, against inefficient employees.
- Evaluate and process movement plans and incidental requirements of Field Zones.
- Coordinate with all branches of the Head Office and Works Wing for assistance in field operations.
- Coordinate with Federal and Provincial Governments regarding procurement and disposal of wheat/other grains.
- Coordinate with Provincial Food Department, , Ministry of NFS&R and Banks, for procurement/disposal of food grains.
- Suggest programs/projects to the Managing Director, for improvements in overall functioning of the Corporation.
- Zero percent loss on account of storage and despatch of wheat.
- Maintained a high pitched grain procurement campaign, since its inception.
- Accrued handsome savings in procurement of bardana.
- Succeeded in minimizing storage-loss even during the floods of 2010 & 2011.
- Disposal of surplus stocks through local sale to minimize the burden on National Exchequer.
- Construction of state of the art storage accommodation in shape of Silos and House Type Godowns
- Procurement of wheat direct from the farmers through bulk handling.
- Elimination of role of middle man during procurement of wheat.
- Grading of seeds for farmers.


Create a WordCloud
How to Create a WordCloud? Display in 3 Steps using NLTK
Popular Domains for just 99 Cents at Namecheap!
You must have heard about the word cloud in text analytics. It is a graphical display of the words that are present in a corpus. Size of the words depends upon occurrences of it. More the number of times a word comes in a corpus more will be its size. You can use the word cloud to show the most popular words inside the corpus. In this tutorial on "how to ", you will know how to create a wordcloud from a corpus.
Before going the coding parts of the wordcloud let's know some of the use cases of it.
 1. Popular Hashtags
 2. Most Popular players Name
 3. Presenting a Qualitative Survey Data
 4. Analyzation of SEO keywords
Steps by Steps to create a word cloud
Step 1: Load the text corpus
First of all import your text data, you want to create wordcloud. Here I am taking text data from the directory itself for learning purpose. However, you can use url also for reading of the text. I am using the python os module for getting the path of the text file. You can download the text file from the GitHub URL.
import os
path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),"sample_corpus.txt")
with open(path,"r") as fh:
 file_data =
reading of the text corpus
os.getcwd() will return the current working directory and os.path.join() will give the full path for the sample_corpus.txt. Now open the file from the defined path stored in the memory using the file_data.
Step 2: Import the WordCloud and stopwords
In this step, you will import the wordcloud and stopwords from the word cloud module. After that, you will call the WordCloud() constructor and pass the following arguments into it that are stopwords, max_words, background_color. Like in this example I am taking max_words = 25, and backgorund_color = " white". And generate wordcloud on the text file file_data.
from wordcloud import WordCloud,STOPWORDS
_TAG_ stop words
stopwords = set(STOPWORDS)
_TAG_ the wordcloud Constructor
WC = WordCloud(stopwords=stopwords,max_words=25,background_color="white").generate(file_data)
Step 3: Display the Wordcloud
You can use any python visualization packages for displaying the wordcloud. Here I am using the popular and open source matplotlib.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rcParams
rcParams["figure.figsize"] = (10,5)
displaying of the wordcloud before enhancing
Here you are importing the matplotlib packages as plt. The statement plt.imshow() display the image in the axes. The figure will not look good if you are showing wordcloud with the axes. Therefore I write the statement plt.axis("off").
Enhancing the Wordcloud Display
Sometime in the wordcloud words come that you do not want to consider. Therefore to remove it from the wordcloud you will update the stopwords. For example, I don't want these words to consider in the wordcloud that are article, will, becomes, word, document. This I will update it with stopwords. Following is the full code for enhancing the wordcloud.
End Notes
Wordcloud is very useful for visualization of the text data. It tells you the words that are more important and lies. You can use it many applications like what are the words are focusing on a given statement and take find the importance of the word. For example, I want to read the monetary policies of a country. Then I will use the text data and find the most focusing area by the banks like employment, inflation, interest rate. There are other cases also you can search on the internet.
We hope that you must have liked the wordcloud tutorial. If you have any query on this. Then you can contact or message us on the official Data Science Learner Facebook Page.
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Skip Maine state header navigation
Skip All Navigation
|Home | Contact Us | Publications|
Home > Education > Activities and Resources for Earth Science Teachers > Activity #41
Activity #41: Slope Stability
Students will apply the concept of slope to observe and measure the stability angle of fine gravel, sand, and topsoil. Selected follow-up activities will allow them to test the validity of their measurements in the first part of this exercise.
One 45 minute period, with students working in groups of three.
In examining erosion and runoff problems, two factors normally taken into account are the type of soil and the slope stability. In this exercise students will measure slope stability using three different substrate materials. Under natural conditions, all materials will tend to slump until they reach a specific angle, often called the angle of repose, at which the slope stabilizes. Movement of the materials composing the slope ceases. Many factors affect this angle and may be examined in the follow-up activities. As you ride along roads in your area where new construction has taken place, look for evidence of slope instability, such as earthflows, and the practices used to help eliminate this problem.
Each student team will need some sheets of newspaper, a protractor, a stiff piece of cardboard box approximately 14x20x3 inches in size and open on one end, 400 ml of fine gravel, sand (beach sand works well), and topsoil or loam. All students will need pens and notebooks.
Before starting, have students place newspaper on their desks or lab tables. Place the section of cardboard box on the table with the one open end near the center of the newspaper. Deposit all 400 ml of one of the samples in the center of the cardboard box and spread it out into a flat.5 inch layer. At this point one of the students holds the protractor vertically with the origin at the end of the cardboard on the newspaper (see student sheet). One of the other students will be an observer/recorder and the third student will be the tilter. The tilter slowly lifts the end of the cardboard continuously. The observer will note when the first particles begin to slide off and will record the angle. Students should switch assignments and repeat steps 1 - 8 for three trials. Repeat steps 1 - 9 for the other three samples. See student data tables. Gravel should should slump at the lowest angle, sand next, and topsoil last if all materials have relatively the same moisture content.
SPECIAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
The angle at which the sample slides down the face may be used as an index of slope stability. The angle at which particles begin to slide indicates the approaching loss of slope stability, and the final slide indicates total loss of stability. Exceeding these angles, even in nature, will normally result in the same collapse of the slope unless other factors are at work in the environment.
Have students discuss and describe the impact of any variables, such as moisture content, which may alter the outcome of the experiment.
Indicate what effect wet samples would have on the outcome of the experiment.
What would be the results of testing mixed samples? This can be quickly and easily tested using the same procedure.
Have students check with a construction company to find out if the instability angles would have any effect on construction standards and practices.
Predict the effect of ground cover on stability and describe what actions a person might use to prevent problems in their own local environment.
See diagram of typical failed slope (Figure 1).
Activity developed by James H. Barden, in conjunction with the 1991 CREST intern program.
Activity #41: Slope Stability
To apply the concept of slope and slope stability to different types of soil and ground material.
You will work in groups of three, each group should have the following - some sheets of newspaper, a protractor, a piece of stiff cardboard box, open on one end, that measures 14x20x3 inches, 400 ml each of fine gravel, sand, and topsoil. Each student will need their pens and notebooks.
1. Cover your desk or work area with newspaper. This will make cleaning up after each trial a lot easier.
2. Place a 14x20x3 inch piece of cardboard box so that the open end is more or less in the center of the newspaper.
3. Carefully deposit one of the 400 ml samples in the center of the cardboard, and flatten the pile into a flat layer about.5 inch thick.
4. Assign one of your group to be the observer/recorder, another member to be the holder of the protractor, and the third member to be the tilter of the cardboard.
5. Have the holder of the protractor hold the protractor vertically with the origin (zero point) at the end of the cardboard sheet on the newspaper (Figure 2).
6. Have the tilter SLOWLY lift the end of the cardboard in a smooth but continuous motion.
7. The observer will note when particles first begin to slide off the pile and will observe and record this angle.
8. The lifter will continue lifting until all the remaining particles slide off in a mass. The recorder will observe and record this second angle.
9. Switch assignments and repeat steps 1-8 for two more trials with the same material.
10. Repeat steps 1 - 9 with the other two samples.
Answer the following questions and perform the activities indicated by your teacher.
1. Describe and discuss any variables which have affected the outcome of this experiment.
2. What do you think would happen if the experiment were tried with damp or wet materials?Predict the results.
3. What would be the results of doing this experiment with a surface that was coarser or smoother? Predict the results and explain the reasoning behind your predictions.
Last updated on October 6, 2005
|Copyright © 2005 All rights reserved.|


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Here's how you can use the Drum Machine on BandLab Web:
- Click the Red Create button on your homepage at _URL_
- Choose Let's Make Music
- You will be prompted with the Add New Track screen, choose Drum Machine.
- The Mix Editor will open with the drum machine ready to go and an open pre-programmed sequence, Pattern A & B, already populated in the drum machine.
- Select which Kit you want to use from the drop-down menu at the left of the drum machine window and the sounds of the programmed sequence will change.
- Hit your spacebar and drums will play in a loop over and over again.
- Click on the boxes within the drum machine to add or remove a sound from the sequence. You can choose a different pattern from the right to start fresh.
- When you like a particular sequence, you can click the button in the bottom right of the Drum Machine that says Pattern A (through H) and the sequence will be added to a track as a loop. You can quickly program different patterns and switch between them in the new Drum Machine.
- Once the loops are in the track, you can extend them or move them around however you wish.


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THIS POST MAY CONTAIN AFFILIATE LINKS. PLEASE READ MY DISCLOSURE FOR MORE INFO.
According to the increased global consciousness relating to the art of maintaining your environment and making it clean, most homeowners around the globe tend to prefer to use green products, especially when it comes to home cleanliness, instead of going for solid chemicals and bleaches that are dangerous and harmful.
There is also a growing use of natural homemade remedies with modern technology to keep our homes clean. Vinegar is a natural, non-toxic product that disinfects typically, deodorizes, and helps clean most hard surfaces in our homes. It is usually preferred when your home ceramic tiles become soiled, and effectively vinegar helps clean without generating harsh chemical fumes.
Nowadays, cleaners prefer white vinegar, known for its natural property of mild acidity that helps dissolve stains resulting from hard water and grease exposure on your tiles. After cleaning, the vinegar dries, leaving a fresh and natural scent. Moreover, vinegar can be easily customized by mixing a few drops of your preferred oil into the vinegar solution before starting your cleaning procedure.
Using Vinegar To Clean Ceramic Tiles
Vinegar is widely known as a natural, non-toxic liquid that usually is 5 to 20% mild acidic in water, enabling easier tile cleaning. More so, home cleaners can use it to clean floors, pans, pots, and ceramic tiles. Therefore known as a multipurpose cleaner, it can remove minerals, grime and cut grease. Vinegar is recommendable due to its social characteristics for cleaning ceramic tiles, generally preferred as a good cleaning solution. More so, there are several benefits of using vinegar in your daily floor cleaning;
Benefits Of Using Vinegar In Cleaning Your Home Ceramic Tile Floors
- Vinegar is safe as a cleaning detergent
Vinegar is recommendable to cleaners due to its advantageous natural character, and there are no harmful reactions on your ceramic floor or hands while using vinegar solution. Typically, it is mainly considered a bleaching agent with a gentle action for best cleaning results on your ceramic floor. Moreover, the solution works best on ceramic tiles giving significant effects during your daily cleaning. It is widely recommended as a perfect ceramic tile cleaning detergent.
- Vinegar is a natural disinfectant.
Vinegar typically has multiple advantages related to it's natural ingredients character. If you wonder for any assurance of superb success while using vinegar, then worry not since it will never disappoint you. Most home cleaners who continuously use vinegar to clean their ceramic floors have witnessed the effectiveness of helping during home floors cleaning and achieving the best results.
- Vinegar helps to clean stubborn stains.
If your ceramic tile floors have already developed hard stains, it is recommended to use vinegar since it can remove and clean hard stains. Once you apply vinegar solution, you will understand that it is highly effective therefore helping to remove stains. Home cleaners are advised to use vinegar since it is the best way of cleaning the most stubborn stains on your ceramic floor or bathroom.
- Vinegar is environmentally friendly to kids and pets.
Parents and pet owners should understand that vinegar solution does not cause any harmful or dangerous reaction effect on either your kids or pets after it has been applied on the floor of your home. If you consider the best ceramic floor detergent cleaner that cannot harm your pet and kids after exposure, vinegar is the best way. Moreover, it has an ingredient that helps kill germs and cannot cause any reaction on animals and the human body.
- Vinegar is economical as a ceramic floor tile cleaning detergent.
Most home cleaners tend to save money in case you decide to use vinegar for your cleaning purposes. Usually, you dilute a small amount of vinegar with water before cleaning, which helps clean a more extensive surface area of your home floor. Moreover, during cleaning, you will notice that the vinegar solution is highly effective; therefore, it is recommendable as the best option for cleaning your ceramic tile floor.
- Viinegar is a multipurpose cleaner.
Not only is vinegar an effective cleaner for ceramic tiles, but it is also preferable for its multipurpose advantage in cleaning most floors. Typically you will need to mix the vinegar with water before washing to produce a solution that you will use to clean your floor despite the type of the floor. It kills germs and efficiently works as a disinfectant on your bed, where it helps to get rid of the present stubborn stains on your floor surface. Vinegar should not be used on natural stone flooring.
- Vinegar acts as an antimicrobial
Vinegar is known for its antimicrobial character that helps kill bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other harmful pathogens that can causes diseases. Homeowners are urged to consider using vinegar since it helps reduce any chances of microorganisms' infestation on your home floors.
Steps On How To Clean Ceramic Tiles With Vinegar
Mopping Ceramic Tiles With Vinegar
The procedure is practiced through several follows ups,
- Filling your bucket with hot water
Fill your mop bucket up with 4 lites of hot water. It is imperative to consider hot water since it helps loosen grime and stuck-on dirt on your tiles.
It would be best if you cleared all the removable furniture and any object that might be damaged if they come into contact with water before you start mopping.
You should consider filling your bucket in the bathtub if it is too big to fit under your kitchen or laundry sink.
- Add a cup of distilled white vinegar
It would be best always to consider a ratio between a half or one cup of vinegar per 4 litres of water. Then swish the solution gently to make sure it is blended thoroughly.
It would help if you always considered diluting the vinegar which helps to discourage the chances of bleaching the color of your tiles.
You can also consider using other types of vinegar like apple cider vinegar which also perform a similar function and helps clean.
- Mopping the tiles with the vinegar solution
You should consider spreading the vinegar solution across all directions of the entire floor surface. Don't forget to run the mop along the baseboards and underneath the furniture.
During mopping, you should be able to see the effect and the results of the vinegar.
It would be best to be very cautious not to saturate the carpet floor or wooden flooring with vinegar solution.
- Rinsing the floor with clean, freshwater
After cleaning with vinegar solution on your floor surface, you should empty the bucket and make sure you refill it with clean and hot water. Clean the floor once more to ensure the remaining traces of vinegar, stains, and grime are cleared completely.
Note that if you skip the rinsing step during cleaning, dirty water will dry on the floor surface, leaving splotches and streaks.
Ensure the grout has a chance to dry out, which is ordinarily essential since it helps prevent the growth of mold and mildew.
- Deeper cleaning of ceramic tile grout with vinegar and baking soda
- First, the procedure will need you to add essential oil (orange or eucalyptus) to the floor cleaner.
- Add 4 drops of essential oil, 250ml of vinegar and 250ml of warm water into a spray bottle and shake it to allow saturation of the mixture.
- Then, it would be best if you sprayed the mixture solution in between the tile's grout lining to make sure you clean any trapped dust contaminates while cleaning your floor.
- After ten minutes of waiting, you should consider scrubbing it using a brush gently, then after you finish, use clean water to remove excess grout with dirty particles on your tile floor.
- Dry the tiles floor by opening your house window and door, which generally takes twenty minutes to dry the surface of the floor.
In conclusion, if you wonder if vinegar is suitable for cleaning ceramic tiles, read through this article, and you will understand the various benefits of using vinegar.
It is crucial to keep in mind that you should never consider combing vinegar with any bleach because this experience will cause the production of dangerous toxic fumes, which can be deadly when inhaled. The only safest combination to dilute the vinegar with is water.
If you are experiencing hardship while cleaning a tough spot while mopping your tile floor, consider sprinkling baking soda on the affected area and scrub it. Or even use undiluted vinegar, which generally causes a reaction with baking soda but fortunately, it is not harmful.
Cleanliness is second to Godliness, so home cleaners should never forget that they should permanently remove all dirt and germs from your floor surface while mopping. The application of vinegar is recommendable since it intensely plays a vital role in helping the maintenance of cleanliness on your floor. When I discovered that vinegar is unique due to its cost-friendly budget and it cleans naturally, especially the grout cleaning, I decided to share this information with the world!


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Facts about Ghost Orchids
Posted April 15, 2011on:
The ghost orchid which is also known as Dendrophylax lindenii is a rare type of orchid which is mostly found in Cuba and Florida. It is rare because it is difficult to cultivate outside its natural environments. Ghost orchids like marsh environments to grow where there are always humid and damp conditions. Ghost orchids are considered to be the endangered specie of orchids so they are not allowed to be removed from their natural habitat.
How to identify it?
It is very hard to identify ghost orchids in moist areas because their green, white and gray roots grow over a host tree that's why they are called epiphyte which means that they grow when attached to another plant. Surprisingly ghost orchids don't have leaves and bloom for only three weeks during months of April to August. Another method to identify ghost orchids is from their smell as they produce soap-like smell while blooming.
Appearance of ghost orchids is quite interesting as it resembles a white frog flying in air and sometimes it looks like ghost floating in air. That's the reason it is called ghost orchid. As far as appearance of flower is concerned, it has three white petals and three sepals as well having a strengthening network of roots.
Ghost orchids produce only one flower at a time but in rare cases they can also produce up to 10 flowers. It has also been observed that mature plants of ghost orchids live a number of years without flowering. Flowers of ghost orchids appear between May and August and grow to a size of 4 to 5 inches long. Flowers last for approximately 10 to 14 days.
The ghost orchids flowers' pollens are located deep inside the blossom so only giant sphinx moth is able to pollinate ghost orchids as it has long antenna. For pollination to occur at its best, two ghost orchids are required although hand pollination can also occur by using cotton swabs to accumulate pollens and inserting them onto flower.
Production of Seed Pods
Lack of sphinx moths is a basic reason of the rare production of seed pods of ghost orchids so pollination is difficult to occur. But once the blossom of ghost orchid is pollinated, a seed pod is formed which requires almost a year to reach its maturity. After the pod becomes one year old, it pops open to scatter the seeds.
High humidity and high temperature are required for proper growth of ghost orchids and recreating these requirements in homes to grow orchids is almost impossible. Moreover ghost orchids require diffused sunlight and daily misting to grow properly therefore ghost orchids mostly grow well in greenhouses where all these requirements are fulfilled.
These were some basic facts about ghost orchids. These are endangered specie of orchids so steps should be taken for providing proper environment to these different-looking flowers.


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Authors: By GEORGE JAHN
VIENNA (AP) -- A revolutionary discovery is rewriting the history of underwear: Some 600 years ago, women wore bras.
The University of Innsbruck said Wednesday that archeologists found four linen bras dating from the Middle Ages in an Austrian castle. Fashion experts describe the find as surprising because the bra had commonly been thought to be only little more than 100 years old as women abandoned the tight corset.
Instead, it appears the bra came first, followed by the corset, followed by the reinvented bra.
One specimen in particular "looks exactly like a (modern) brassiere," says Hilary Davidson, fashion curator for the London Museum. "These are amazing finds."
Although the linen garments were unearthed in 2008, they did not make news until now says Beatrix Nutz, the archaeologist responsible for the discovery.
Researching the items and carbon dating them to make sure they were genuine took some time. She delivered a lecture on them last year but the information stayed within academic circles until a recent article in the BBC History Magazine.
"We didn't believe it ourselves," she said in a telephone call from the Tyrolean city of Innsbruck. "From what we knew, there was no such thing as bra-like garments in the 15th century."
The university said the four bras were among more than 2,700 textile fragments - some linen, others linen combined with cotton - that were found intermixed with dirt, wood, straw and pieces of leather.
"Four linen textiles resemble modern-time bras" with distinct cups and one in particular looks like today's version, it said, with "two broad shoulder straps and a possible back strap, not preserved but indicated by partially torn edges of the cups onto which it was attached."
And the lingerie was not only functional.
The bras were intricately decorated with lace and other ornamentation, the statement said, suggesting they were also meant to please a suitor.
While paintings of the era show outerwear, they do not reveal what women wore beneath. Davidson, the fashion curator, described the finds as "kind of a missing link" in the history of women's underwear.
Women started experimenting with bra-like garments in the late 1800s and the first modern brassiere was patented in the early 19th century. It is thought to have been invented by New York socialite Mary Phelps Jacob, who was unhappy with the look of her gown over a stiff corset.
Also found at Lemberg Castle in Tyrol was a linen undergarment that looks very much like a pair of panties. But Nutz said it is men's underwear - women did not wear anything under their flowing skirts back then.
"Underpants were considered a symbol of male dominance and power," she said.
Medieval drawings often show a man and a woman fighting for a pair of underpants in a symbolic battle to see who "wears the trousers" in the family.


The Dorset Wildlife Trust in the United Kingdom announced that seahorses have once again been sighted off the coast of Dorset, suggesting that they are indeed alive and breeding contrary to what was initially believed that the sea creatures were already in decline.
Julie Hatcher, a member of the wildlife trust, spotted a female and male seahorse during a recent dive, describing the two sea creatures as large and in good condition.
Studland Bay is considered to be a vital habitat for both short-snouted spiny seahorses.
In 2008, both seahorse species were listed as threatened according to the Wildlife and Countryside Act.
A representative of the Dorset Wildlife Trust said that there was not enough information available that could help explain the lack of seahorse sightings in the seagrass meadows of Studland Bay in recent years.
The wildlife trust representative said that this could have been caused by the lack of people surveying for the sea creatures, or that the population of seahorses follow a cycle of boom and bust.
The Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) has removed Studland Bay as a potential candidate to be included in the list of Marine Conservation Zones earlier this year.
In 2014, wildlife conservationists in the UK warned that the number of spiny seahorses spotted off the coast of Dorset has dwindled to just a single seahorse from what was once considered a thriving colony.
From the 40 individual seahorses previously observed by campaigners around Studland Bay back in 2008, the number has significantly dropped to only four seahorses in 2013.
Seahorse Trust director Neil Garrick-Maidment said that the isolated sighting of the sea creature was very sad and called the situation as the decline of a marine species.
Natural England, a non-departmental body of the British government responsible for the protection of the country's natural environment, said that it was difficult place the recent sighting of the spiny seahorse in context.
The meadows of seagrass located in Studland Bay have long served as the breeding ground for the protected spiny seahorse, which are known to grow to around eight inches in length.
The sighting of the lone seahorse was made by documentary film maker Andy Jackson.
Photo: Tim Sheerman-Chase | Flickr
ⓒ 2021 All rights reserved. Do not reproduce without permission.


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One thing you need to do is determine how to space out the tiles and draw them. If this were a simple rectilinear grid of tiles, you could use the AutoCAD® ARRAY command to fill in the tiles. But for the garden path, you need to have each row of tiles offset from the previous row.
This row-offset pattern is a repeating pattern. Think of how you might go about laying the tiles if you were building the actual path. You would probably be inclined to start at one end and just keep laying down rows until there wasn't any more space left.
At the starting point of the path
Figure out the initial row offset from center (either centered on
the path or offset by one "tile space").
While the space of the boundary filled is less than the space to
Draw a row of tiles.
Reset the next start point (incremented by one "tile space").
Add the distance filled by the new row to the amount of space
Toggle the offset (if it is centered, set it up off-center, or
Go back to the start of the loop.


DragonFly On-Line Manual Pages
Search: Section:
ZSHROADMAP(1) DragonFly General Commands Manual ZSHROADMAP(1)
NAME
zshroadmap - informal introduction to the zsh manual The Zsh Manual, like the shell itself, is large and often complicated. This section of the manual provides some pointers to areas of the shell that are likely to be of particular interest to new users, and indicates where in the rest of the manual the documentation is to be found.
WHEN THE SHELL STARTS
When it starts, the shell reads commands from various files. These can be created or edited to customize the shell. See the section Startup/Shutdown Files in zsh(1). If no personal initialization files exist for the current user, a function is run to help you change some of the most common settings. It won't appear if your administrator has disabled the zsh/newuser module. The function is designed to be self-explanatory. You can run it by hand with 'autoload -Uz zsh-newuser-install; zsh-newuser-install -f'. See also the section 'User Configuration Functions' in zshcontrib(1).
INTERACTIVE USE
Interaction with the shell uses the builtin Zsh Line Editor, ZLE. This is described in detail in zshzle(1). The first decision a user must make is whether to use the Emacs or Vi editing mode as the keys for editing are substantially different. Emacs editing mode is probably more natural for beginners and can be selected explicitly with the command bindkey -e. A history mechanism for retrieving previously typed lines (most simply with the Up or Down arrow keys) is available; note that, unlike other shells, zsh will not save these lines when the shell exits unless you set appropriate variables, and the number of history lines retained by default is quite small (30 lines). See the description of the shell variables (referred to in the documentation as parameters) HISTFILE, HISTSIZE and SAVEHIST in zshparam(1). Note that it's currently only possible to read and write files saving history when the shell is interactive, i.e. it does not work from scripts. The shell now supports the UTF-8 character set (and also others if supported by the operating system). This is (mostly) handled transparently by the shell, but the degree of support in terminal emulators is variable. There is some discussion of this in the shell FAQ, _URL_ Note in particular that for combining characters to be handled the option COMBINING_CHARS needs to be set. Because the shell is now more sensitive to the definition of the character set, note that if you are upgrading from an older version of the shell you should ensure that the appropriate variable, either LANG (to affect all aspects of the shell's operation) or LC_CTYPE (to affect only the handling of character sets) is set to an appropriate value. This is true even if you are using a single-byte character set including extensions of ASCII such as ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-15. See the description of LC_CTYPE in zshparam(1). Completion Completion is a feature present in many shells. It allows the user to type only a part (usually the prefix) of a word and have the shell fill in the rest. The completion system in zsh is programmable. For example, the shell can be set to complete email addresses in arguments to the mail command from your ~/.abook/addressbook; usernames, hostnames, and even remote paths in arguments to scp, and so on. Anything that can be written in or glued together with zsh can be the source of what the line editor offers as possible completions. Zsh has two completion systems, an old, so called compctl completion (named after the builtin command that serves as its complete and only user interface), and a new one, referred to as compsys, organized as library of builtin and user-defined functions. The two systems differ in their interface for specifying the completion behavior. The new system is more customizable and is supplied with completions for many commonly used commands; it is therefore to be preferred. The completion system must be enabled explicitly when the shell starts. For more information see zshcompsys(1). Extending the line editor Apart from completion, the line editor is highly extensible by means of shell functions. Some useful functions are provided with the shell; they provide facilities such as: insert-composed-char composing characters not found on the keyboard match-words-by-style configuring what the line editor considers a word when moving or deleting by word history-beginning-search-backward-end, etc. alternative ways of searching the shell history replace-string, replace-pattern functions for replacing strings or patterns globally in the command line edit-command-line edit the command line with an external editor. See the section 'ZLE Functions' in zshcontrib(1) for descriptions of these.
OPTIONS
The shell has a large number of options for changing its behaviour. These cover all aspects of the shell; browsing the full documentation is the only good way to become acquainted with the many possibilities. See zshoptions(1).
PATTERN MATCHING
The shell has a rich set of patterns which are available for file matching (described in the documentation as 'filename generation' and also known for historical reasons as 'globbing') and for use when programming. These are described in the section 'Filename Generation' in zshexpn(1). Of particular interest are the following patterns that are not commonly supported by other systems of pattern matching: ** for matching over multiple directories | for matching either of two alternatives ~, ^ the ability to exclude patterns from matching when the EXTENDED_GLOB option is set (...) glob qualifiers, included in parentheses at the end of the pattern, which select files by type (such as directories) or attribute (such as size).
GENERAL COMMENTS ON SYNTAX
Although the syntax of zsh is in ways similar to the Korn shell, and therefore more remotely to the original UNIX shell, the Bourne shell, its default behaviour does not entirely correspond to those shells. General shell syntax is introduced in the section 'Shell Grammar' in zshmisc(1). One commonly encountered difference is that variables substituted onto the command line are not split into words. See the description of the shell option SH_WORD_SPLIT in the section 'Parameter Expansion' in zshexpn(1). In zsh, you can either explicitly request the splitting (e.g. ${=foo}) or use an array when you want a variable to expand to more than one word. See the section 'Array Parameters' in zshparam(1).
PROGRAMMING
The most convenient way of adding enhancements to the shell is typically by writing a shell function and arranging for it to be autoloaded. Functions are described in the section 'Functions' in zshmisc(1). Users changing from the C shell and its relatives should notice that aliases are less used in zsh as they don't perform argument substitution, only simple text replacement. A few general functions, other than those for the line editor described above, are provided with the shell and are described in zshcontrib(1). Features include: promptinit a prompt theme system for changing prompts easily, see the section 'Prompt Themes' zsh-mime-setup a MIME-handling system which dispatches commands according to the suffix of a file as done by graphical file managers zcalc a calculator zargs a version of xargs that makes the find command redundant zmv a command for renaming files by means of shell patterns. zsh 5.9 May 14, 2022 ZSHROADMAP(1)
Search: Section:


Take the 2-minute tour ×
The PCI Data Security Standard _URL_ forbid storing Credit Card info in the transaction log
3.2.1 For a sample of system components, examine data sources, including but not limited to the following, and verify that the full contents of any track from the magnetic stripe on the back of card or equivalent data on a chip are not stored under any circumstance: Incoming transaction data
 - All logs (for example, transaction, history, debugging, error)
 - History files
 - Trace files
 - Several database schemas
 - Database contents
Could anybody with read access to the log or log backup file be able to read CC number? It is not in a clear text. Still, is it possible to decript it? Is it enough to restrict user access to the log and log backup files?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
This means text logs, such as those from Log4net.
Not database redo/undo/transaction files
PCI says that Credit card numbers (PAN) should be sent and stored as encrypted in the database, which means only the encrypted value will appear in any database log file (whether an error log or the actual redo/undo/transaction log file). See Page 8 and item 3.4 of your document for this.
Edit, after _USER_'s observation
 - The database doesn't do encryption/decryption: only storage, no processing
 - The sending/receiving application does encryption/decryption: only processing, no storage
share|improve this answer
+1 great answer. So you're saying that by this standard the database doesn't even worry about encrypting/decrypting? It's up to the sending and receiving application to do the encryption/decryption? Do I have that right? – Thomas Stringer Jun 14 '12 at 14:11
_USER_: correct. And of course no persistence in the client code. So processing and persistence never happen in the same place. – gbn Jun 14 '12 at 14:14
Your Answer


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Empowering ICT Adaptation in Primary Education through OLPC in Sri Lanka
'Empowering ICT Adaptation in Primary Education through OLPC in Sri Lanka' is a project conducted by final year student group under the support of NeLC project.
The project, "Empowering ICT Adaptation in Primary Education of Sri Lanka through OLPC" aims to critically evaluate how this methodology has been practicing in Sri Lanka identifying its limitations by proposing constructive improvements. Apart from that they have taken steps in establishing a framework for OLPC based ICT adaptation in the primary education of Sri Lanka. Established framework facilitates all stakeholders to share their knowledge, skills & experience.
This project wishes to generate significant pedagogical evidences on the impact of the OLPC project in Sri Lanka primary education. Three major steps were taken in to the consideration when continuing the project. As the first step, the research team have included major arguments in the existing literature. Second, they have conducted a pre and post evaluation researches to gather the background information and requirements needed for the third and the final step. Third, and most importantly, they have attempted to develop a conscious framework to support and facilitate above findings. The framework includes, information portal, impact assessment, proposed Sri Lankan mechanism for island wide OLPC deployment and activity categorization
XO distribution & usage model guides an effective and flexible usage of XO among primary students. The level of interest among students on XO is analyzed by Mentoring & facilitating model. This model helps to identify the facilitating point which requires giving energy to the XO, providing new content to maintain the same level of interest among students. Activity based integration was conducted following students' knowledge level, syllabus and Pigeon's cognitive theory.
Implementation of networked learning environment helps building a virtual learning environment connecting students, teachers and other stakeholders.
- G. K. Munasinghe, 1 H. A. Wickramarachchi, 2 H. M. S. J. Meewellewa, 3 and K. P. Hewagamage, "Measuring impact of OLPC for primary education in Sri Lanka" e-India 2010, Hyderabad, India, August 2010"


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Text-to-Speech Software for Linux: If you've been using Mac OS X or Windows Vista before, you may be a bit disappointed to learn that there's no speech synthesizer or text-to-speech (TTS) application that is installed by default on your Linux distribution. For those of you who don't know what a speech synthesizer is, it's simply a computer program that converts normal language text into speech. Text-to-speech software can be of great help particularly for people who are visually impaired and those who are mute.
If you've been looking for a free speech synthesizer for Linux, the one that I can highly recommend is a program called Festival. As described from its project website: Festival offers a general framework for building speech synthesis systems as well as including examples of various modules. As a whole, it offers full text to speech through a number APIs: from shell level, though a Scheme command interpreter, as a C++ library, from Java, and an Emacs interface. Festival is multi-lingual (currently English (British and American), and Spanish) though English is the most advanced.
Festival is probably available in most distro repositories so just search for it and install it via the package manager. Once installed, you can immediately set it to work. Here are some basic uses of Festival:
It can read whatever you type on the command line. Open a terminal and start festival with this command:
A prompt will appear. Make it speak by typing this from the command line:
(SayText "festival will read this line")
Festival can also be very useful if you want it to read a whole text file. From the terminal, simply navigate to where your text file is located, and use this command:
$ festival --tts your_text_file.txt
For more information and other options on using Festival, you can read the complete manual from HERE.
In KDE desktop, there's already a text-to-speech software installed by default called KTTS, but it is currently under development. Try to make it speak "Hello World" by typing these commands from the Linux terminal:
$ dcop kttsd KSpeech setText "Hello World" "en"
$ dcop kttsd KSpeech startText 0
KTTS has a GUI front-end called KMouth.
A user can type a word, phrase, or sentences that he/she wants to hear through its input field. KMouth also contains a history of spoken phrases so the users can easily select phrases from the history which he/she wants to be re-spoken using a few mouse clicks. It also has a phrase book and word completion options.
For GNOME users, you can use Orca's speech synthesizer. I haven't tried it yet so for those of you who have, please share with us your experiences of using Orca.
I've used the text-to-speech software of Mac OS X before and I must say that it's more functional than those we currently have for Linux. But, that's just my opinion.
How about you? How do you compare Linux speech synthesizers to those available for Windows or Mac?


BlockingQueue example:
a background logger thread
A simple use of a BlockingQueue is where we want one or more threads to pass jobs to some "background" or "processing" thread. The processing thread will sit waiting for jobs and execute them one at a time. On a server, for example, we might want to perform "lazy logging":
 - we want a busy thread to be able to add a string to the queue of "things to be logged";
 - at moments when the server is less busy, a logger thread will then pick strings off the queue and actually log them to the console (or disk or "place where things are logged"...).
With a BlockingQueue, the task becomes simple. The logger thread holds a queue instance, and its run() method affectively sits waiting for things to log until it is told to shut down. Then from other threads, we call a method to add an item to the queue. The BlockingQueue implementation will handle thread-safety and the actual notification to the logger thread when an item is added to the queue.
Creating the thread
Our logger will run in its own thread and so our logger class will be an extension of Thread. We won't dwell too much on thread creation in Java, which is covered in a separate section of this web site. However, we will mention that we want our logger to be a singleton: there'll be a maximum of one static instance of it. So the outer shell of the class looks as follows:
public class LoggerThread extends Thread {
 private static final LoggerThread instance = new LoggerThread();
 public static LoggerThread getLogger() {
 return instance;
 private LoggerThread() {
With this pattern, all accesses to the logger thread must be made via the getLogger() method. And the first caller to getLogger() will actually cause the logger thread to be started.
Inside the LoggerThread constructor, we could consider setting options such as the thread name and thread priority though, as discussed in the latter article, thread priority actually means different things on different systems.
Constructing the queue
First, we need to create our queue. There are two flavours of "normal" blocking queue: a LinkedBlockingQueue, which uses a linked list as its internal structure and thus has no fixed capacity, and an ArrayBlockingQueue, which uses a fixed array and thus has a maximum capacity. In this case, we go for a fixed capacity, but that's just an arbitrary design decision. We'll create a queue with space for up to 100 strings:
public class LoggerThread extends Thread {
 private BlockingQueue itemsToLog =
 new ArrayBlockingQueue(100);
In this case, if the queue filled up quicker than the logger thread could process the strings, then further threads trying to add strings to the queue would either hang until the logger caught up, or just drop the surplus strings. Which behaviour is adopted depends on which method we decide to call when adding a string to the queue, and is thus a design decision we have to make. Arguably, ArrayBlockingQueue is also slightly more efficient in terms of object overhead, though that's not such a great concern here: we won't be logging so many things per second!
Notice that the queue, like much of the collections framework, is parametrised: thanks to Java 5 generics, we can declare it as a queue of Strings and from then on avoid ugly casts.
Notice that, like blocking methods in Java in general, the take() method could be interrupted. If that ever happened, we just let the interruption cause the thread's run method to terminate.
Pulling items off the queue
Now we need a run() method with a loop that continually takes the next item off the queue and logs it. We need to solve two main issues:
 - when there's no item on the queue, we need wo wait for one to appear;
 - we need a mechanism for shutting down the logger.
First, the problem of waiting. Recall that in a non-blocking queue, the possibilities would have been remove() or poll(). But these methods return immediately (either with an item if there's one on the queue, or else a null return value or exception if the queue is empty). To get round this, the BlockingQueue provides a take() method. This method will wait for an item to appear if there is none on the queue. It then returns the item at the head of the queue.
At some point, we assume that the logger will be shut down "cleanly" in response to the user quitting the application. At that moment, we want the logger to log all pending strings on the queue before shutting down. One way to handle this is to post a special object to the queue that is a signal for the logger thread to shut down. Our run() method then looks as follows:
public class LoggerThread extends Thread {
 private static final String SHUTDOWN_REQ = "SHUTDOWN";
 private volatile boolean shuttingDown, loggerTerminated;
 // Sit in a loop, pulling strings off the queue and logging
 public void run() {
 try {
 String item;
 while ((item = itemsToLog.take())!= SHUTDOWN_REQ) {
 } catch (InterruptedException iex) {
 } finally {
 loggerTerminated = true;
So in each iteration of the while loop, we wait for and take the next item on the queue. If that's the special "shutdown request" string, then we exit the while loop and let the run() method exit (thus terminating the logger thread). Otherwise, we print the string. When the logger eventually does terminate, we set a flag to say so, which we'll come back to in a moment. (See the separate section for information on why this flag is declared as a volatile variable.)
Adding items to the queue
Now we need to write our log() method, which we can call from any thread to add a string to the queue for subsequent logging. The method we use on the blocking queue for this is put(). This adds an item immediately to the queue if it has space, else waits for space to become available:
 public void log(String str) {
 if (shuttingDown || loggerTerminated) return;
 try {
 } catch (InterruptedException iex) {
 throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected interruption");
When we add an item to the queue, the logic of BlockingQueue will automatically handle "waking up" the logger thread (or any thread waiting for a job on the queue). This means that some time in the future, when the logger thread is scheduled in, it will pick up the item that we added to the queue (and if already running, say, on another processor, it is likely to pick it up immediately).
Again, because it's a blocking operation, we must handle the possibility of put() being interrupted. We could declare our log() method to throw InterruptionException. But requiring every log operation to handle this exception makes for a slightly messy API for what will be an unlikely scenario in practice. So we just re-cast the exception as a RuntimeException (which we don't have to explicitly declare and which the caller doesn't have to explicitly catch), remembering to re-mark the current thread as interrupted, in case the handler that eventually catches the RuntimeException wants to know this. (For more details on why this is good practice, see the section on thread interruption.)
Notice the first line of the method, where we check if the logger has shut down: if it has, then nothing is going to pull jobs off the queue, and the put() method would block forever if the queue was empty.
Shutting down the queue
We've really already dealt with this issue: we saw that our run() method waits for a special "shutdown" notification to be posted to the queue. So we just need our shutdown method to post this object to the queue:
public void shutDown() throws InterruptedException {
 shuttingDown = true;
We also set a "shutting down" flag, checked from the log() method, so that more messages won't be posted to the queue from this moment onwards.
In the design we've chosen, we assume that there'll be a well-defined "shutdown routine" in our application which will call the logger's shutDown() method, presumably towards the end of the shutdown process. Other things we could think about in a more sophisticated implementation include:
 - what happens if a string is posted to the queue after a shutdown request has been issued? (in our implementation, such strings will effectively be ignored)
 - what if the application is shut down at various arbitrary moments?: we could consider using a shutdown hook, and/or making the logger thread a daemon thread.
Article written by Neil Coffey (_USER_).
 LetterMeister (word puzzle game for iPhone)
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Copyright © Neil Coffey 2015. All rights reserved.


text:
|Image: The most famous Rimstone Pools of the world in Skocjanske Jame in Slovenia. This pools are dry, so they are inactive.|
Rimstone Pools are formed by water flowing down a slope. A very thin layer of water on a rather big area has a large surface. Because of the large surface the water looses carbondioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere of the cave and as a result calcite precipitates.
|Image: Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park, USA.|
The flowing water has waves on its suface, caused by irregulities of the rock surface. Thin waves form the precipitated calcite into arcs or curves like the wind formes sand dunes. If there is a rim formed this way, the rim hold a pool of water.
Still calcite is precipitated and accumulates on the water surface. When a larger wave occures the whole calcite is transported to the rim. It is clear, that most of the calcite is deposited on top of the rim.
Rimstone pools can not only be found in caves. There are several famous pools all over the world.
But there is a big problen on the surface: growing plants (moss and leaves) disturb the calcite precipitation. So there are huge travertine deposits formed, but now pools. Lakes like in Plitvice are formed the same way but look very different.
Rimstone pools on the surface are always build by thermal spring waters. The temperatur of the water kills the moss and allows the undisturbed growth of the rims.
Sometimes the rims consist of calcite, but very often there are also several silicates (minerals consisting of SiO2).


text:
A Beginner's Guide On How To Install A Fire Bowl in Your Backyard
March 30, 20234 min read
Adding a fire bowl to your backyard can provide several benefits that make it a worthwhile investment. For one, a fire bowl creates a warm, inviting atmosphere perfect for entertaining guests or enjoying a cozy night under the stars. It can also be a focal point for your outdoor living space, adding style and elegance to your backyard.
In addition to its aesthetic appeal, a fire bowl can be a practical addition to your backyard. It can provide a source of warmth and light on chilly nights, extending the usability of your outdoor living space throughout the year.
Installing a fire bowl is also a relatively easy process, making it accessible even for those new to DIY projects. With the right tools and materials, you can have a beautiful and functional fire bowl up and running quickly.
What You Need
Sand or gravel
Paver stones or concrete blocks (if creating a base)
Fire glass or lava rocks (optional)
Shovel or spade
Trowel or rake
Rubber mallet or hammer
Prepare The Site
Before installing your fire bowl, it's important to properly prepare the location to ensure it is safe, stable, and level. Here are the steps to follow:
Choose a suitable location: Select a spot at least 10 feet away from structures, trees, or flammable materials. Ensure that no overhanging branches or electrical wires could be a fire hazard.
Clear the area: Remove debris, grass, or other vegetation from the site to create a level surface.
Create a base: For stability, creating a base for the fire bowl is recommended. Use paver stones or concrete blocks to create a level surface. Spread a layer of sand or gravel over the area and use a level to ensure the base is even.
Add fire glass or lava rocks: If desired, add a layer of fire glass or lava rocks to the base to provide an additional layer of insulation and aesthetic appeal.
Safety precautions: Wear safety gloves and be cautious when handling heavy materials. Ensure the area is clear of underground utility lines before digging. Also, do not place the fire bowl directly on grass, wood decks, or other flammable surfaces.
Following these steps, you can create a stable and level base for your fire bowl, making it safer and more enjoyable. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and local regulations for installing your fire bowl.
How To Install A Fire Bowl: Step-by-step
Once you have prepared the location for your fire bowl, it's time to assemble and install it. Here are the steps to follow:
Assemble the fire bowl: Follow the manufacturer's instructions to assemble the fire bowl. Most fire bowls come in two pieces: the bowl and the stand or base.
Place the fire bowl on the base: Carefully place the bowl onto the base, ensuring that it is centered and level.
Add firewood or propane: Depending on the type of fire bowl you have, you will need to add either firewood or a propane tank. For wood-burning fire bowls, add a few logs or kindling to the bowl. For propane fire bowls, attach the tank to the regulator and turn on the gas.
Light the fire: Use a long lighter or matches to light the firewood or turn on the gas for propane fire bowls.
Ensure that it is level and secure: Use a level to ensure that the fire bowl is sitting evenly on the base. Check for any wobbling or instability and adjust the base as necessary. Also, ensure that the fire bowl is secure by tightening any bolts or screws.
Install additional features: If desired, you can install a spark screen to keep embers from flying out of the fire bowl. For propane fire bowls, consider adding a cover to protect the tank from the elements.
By following these steps, you can install your fire bowl safely and easily. Remember to always follow manufacturer's instructions and local regulations for your specific fire bowl model. By taking the necessary precautions and ensuring that your fire bowl is level and secure, you can enjoy a cozy and inviting outdoor space all year round.
Enjoy Your Fire Bowl
Using a fire bowl safely and responsibly is crucial to avoid any accidents or injuries. Here are some tips to help you enjoy your new fire bowl safely:
Keep a fire extinguisher nearby.
Never leave the fire unattended.
Keep children and pets at a safe distance.
Avoid using flammable liquids to start the fire.
Allow the fire bowl to cool completely before cleaning or moving it.
Remove any ashes and debris after each use to maintain and clean your fire bowl. Use a soft brush or cloth to clean the bowl and base with mild soap and water. Avoid using abrasive cleaners or harsh chemicals that can damage the surface of the fire bowl.
Following these safety guidelines and maintaining your fire bowl regularly will ensure that you can enjoy it safely and for many years to come.
To Sum It Up
Looking to enhance your outdoor living space and create a warm and inviting ambiance? Consider investing in a fire bowl from Majestic Fountains and more! Our high-quality fire bowls come in various designs and sizes to suit any backyard and are easy to install and use.
Fire bowls add a stylish touch to your outdoor decor and provide a source of warmth and light on chilly nights, extending the usability of your outdoor living space throughout the year. Shop our collection of fire bowls today and transform your backyard into a cozy and inviting oasis!


.TAO File Extension
Track-At-Once CD or DVD Image
Developer N/A
Popularity
2.0 | 5 Votes
Category Disk Image Files
Format Binary
What is a TAO file?
A TAO file is a disk image that contains a copy of a CD or DVD's contents. It is used to create duplicate or backup discs, via CD and DVD burning programs. TAO files are used to burn discs using the track-at-once (TAO) recording method.
More Information
Track-at-once is a method of writing data to a CD-R or DVD-R. Programs that use this method write one track or title to a disc at a time, with run-out and run-in blocks recorded between each track. In contrast, programs that write discs using the disc-at-once (DAO) method write all data to a disc at the same time, often with no run-out and run-in blocks.
Various CD and DVD authoring programs that can write discs using the TAO method can create and load TAO files. These files contain all of a track-at-once disc's contents, saved in a format that can be used to transfer those contents to a recordable disc.
How to open a TAO file
You can open a TAO file and view its contents with Smart Projects IsoBuster (Windows) or EZB Systems UltraISO (Windows). UltraISO also allows you to burn the data your TAO file contains to a CD-R or DVD-R.
Open over 400 file formats with File Viewer Plus.Free Download
Programs that open TAO files
Updated May 12, 2023
Verified by FileInfo.com
The FileInfo.com team has independently researched the Track-At-Once CD or DVD Image file format and Windows apps listed on this page. Our goal is 100% accuracy and we only publish information about file types that we have verified.
If you would like to suggest any additions or updates to this page, please let us know.


text:
Education and Kids
There are no better places that South Carolina State Parks for your kids to have fun and learn --- all at the same time. Our parks offer a wide variety of fun learning activities for kids of all ages.
Discover Carolina Program
The Discover Carolina Program transforms South Carolina State Parks and the South Carolina State House into living classrooms, providing educational opportunities that surpass the traditional learning experience. Each park in the program holds unique features that are indicative of South Carolina's natural and cultural heritage. Fusing statewide resources with state academic standards, Discover Carolina provides rare experiences in the form of fun learning activities for kids that reinforce classroom lessons. There are opportunities to discover nature at exceptionally scenic and wildlife rich state parks, and to discover history at profoundly interesting historic sites like Charles Towne Landing.
Jr. Ranger Program
The Jr. Ranger Program is an online program with activities and challenges that must be completed in a state park. Once participants complete certain activities and requirements they earn "ranger status", and then they move up in the ranks just like real park rangers do in the park service. Activities range from completing activity sheets to interviewing a ranger. Prizes and certificates are awarded for each level obtained.
Programs & Events for Kids
Many of our programs and events held in our state parks are fun learning activities for kids. Search through our program and event listings to find those that have been marked with the kid seal of approval!
The Boy Scouts of America and South Carolina State Parks have worked together and have enjoyed a very strong relationship since the early 20th century when scouts were formed and parks were developed. The new Scout Carolina Program formalizes this partnership and provides a way for the participating scouts to be recognized for their accomplishments. Follow the requirements and earn the Scout Carolina patch for your scout uniform today!


text:
The common planigale is a nocturnal marsupial, sheltering during the day in a saucer-shaped nest lined with dry grass, eucalypt leaves or shredded bark (2) (3). An avid predator at night, it hunts for insects and small vertebrates to feed on (3). Its main diet consists of insects, spiders, small lizards and small rodents such as Leggadina species. Astonishingly, the common planigale is able to catch and kill grasshoppers practically its own size, and although terrestrial, it is also a capable climber (2).
This marsupial has demonstrated an ability to adapt to the invasion of the toxic cane toad (Bufo marinus) across northern Australia. This toad is thought to be the cause of many population declines of native predators in the area. The common planigale uses chemical cues to distinguish and therefore avoid this toxic prey, or kills and eats it snout-first in order to avoid the toad's toxic glands (5).
To attract a mate, the female common planigale produces a courtship call of repetitive clicks, described as 'tstitts'. The male may then respond with a similar call, initiating a duet (6). Females are able to give birth to more than one litter each year. The gestation period of the common planigale is 19 to 20 days, and its litter size ranges from 4 to 12 young, averaging at 8 (2). Repeated reproduction throughout the year and efficient dispersal of individuals may contribute to this species' ability to survive in environments that are not habitable all year round (6).
The common planigale is well adapted to live in soil cracks due to its unusually flattened skull and body. Survival of this species in harsh environments is ensured by its low energy requirements and its behavioural adaptations to reduce energy and water expenditure, such as basking and short-term hibernation. The common planigale's insectivorous diet is also advantageous to its survival, due to the high water content of insects (7).