[A]}=-kdt'
Integrating both side of the equation,
'\int\frac{d[A]}{[A]}=-k\int dt'
'ln[A]=-kt+C' .....(1)
At initial time t=0, putting [A]=[A]0 in eq. (1)
'ln[A]_{0}=-k\times 0+C'
'C=ln[A]_{0}'
Putting the value of C in the eq. (1)
'ln[A]=-kt+ln[A]_{0}'
'kt=ln[A]_{0}-ln[A]'
'kt=ln\frac{[A]_{0}}{[A]}'
'k=\frac{2.303}{t}log\frac{[A]_{0}}{[A]}' .....[ln x = 2.303 log x]
'k=\frac{2.303}{t}log\frac{a}{(a-x)}'
This is the integrated form of equation of rate of zero order reaction.
Half Life Period (t1/2)
The time in which half of the initial amount of reactants is converted to products or the time taken for 50% completion of reaction is known as half life period.
For first order reaction, A ⟶ Products
'k=\frac{2.303}{t}log\frac{a}{a-x}'
For t1/2, x = '\frac{a}{2}'
'k=\frac{2.303}{t_{1/2}}log\frac{a}{a-a/2}'
't_{1/2}=\frac{2.303}{k}log\frac{a}{a/2}'
't_{1/2}=\frac{2.303}{k}log2'
't_{1/2}=\frac{2.303}{k}\times 0.3010'
't_{1/2}=\frac{0.693}{k}'
Collision thoery
According to the collision theory, "the molecules of reactants are assumed to be hard spheres and the reactions are assumed to occur only when these spheres (molecules) collide with each other". In collision theory activation energy and proper orientation of the molecules together determine the criteria for an effective collision and hence the rate of a chemical reaction.
Effective Collisions
The number of collisions per second per unit volume of the reaction mixture is called collision frequency (z).
Collision Frequency
The molecules which have sufficient energy and proper orientation collide to give product, such collisions are called effective collisions.
Activation Energy
The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed by the reacting particles in any particular reaction for that reaction to take place. Unless particles collide with sufficient energy to supply the activation energy they simply don't react.
Arrhenius equation
The actual dependence of rate constant on temperature is represented by the Arrhenius equation:
'k=Ae^{{E_a}/{RT}}'
k/A is defined as the fraction of molecules undergoing effective collisions per unit time.
A ⟶ Arrhenius constant or frequency factor.
Ea ⟶ Activation energy
R ⟶ Gas constant
Radio Carbon Dating
C14 dating is based on the fundamental assumption that intensity of cosmic rays and hence of C14 in the atmosphere has been constant over thousands of years. This gives the initial activity of C14 corresponding to the time when a plant or an animal died and further assimilation of radiocarbon ceased.
7N14 + 0n16C14 + 1H1
6C147N14 + -1e0
time period can be calculated by
't=\frac{2.303}{\lambda}log\frac{N_0}{N_t}'
t1/2 of C14 = 5770 years
Summary
 1. Chemical kinetics is the study of chemical reactions with respect to reaction rates, effect of various, variables rearrangement of atoms and formation of intermediates.
 2. The rate of a reaction is concerned with decrease in concentration of reactants or increase in concentration of products per unit time.
 3. Rate law is the mathematical representation for rate of reaction. It can be determined experimentally and cannot be predicted.
 4. Order of a reaction with respect to a reactant is the power of its concentration term which appears in the rate law. It is an experimentally determined quantity.
 5. Molecularity of a reaction is the number of reacting species taking part in an elementary reaction, which must collide simultaneously in order to bring about a chemical reaction.
 6. Rate constant is the proportionality constant in rate law.
 7. Intergrated rate equations can be determined by intergrating the differential rate equations.
 8. Half life is the time in which half of the initial amount of reactants is converted into products (time taken for 50% completion of reactions).
 9. A number of factors such as nature of reactants and products, exposure to radiations, temperature, concentration of reactants, catalyst and surface area of solid reactants affect the rate of a reaction.
 10. In collision theory, activation energy and proper orientation of the molecules together determine the criteria for an effective collision and hence rate of a reaction.
 11. Nuclear chemistry is the study of chemical reactions involving changes in nuclei of atoms. It provides information about kinetics of radioactive decay and time period.
Read also
إرسال تعليق
Oops!
It seems there is something wrong with your internet connection. Please connect to the internet and start browsing again.
AdBlock Detected!
We have detected that you are using adblocking plugin in your browser.
The revenue we earn by the advertisements is used to manage this website, we request you to whitelist our website in your adblocking plugin.


text:
Square Root of 439
In this article we're going to calculate the square root of 439 and explore what the square root is and answer some of the common questions you might. We'll also look at the different methods for calculating the square root of 439 (both with and without a computer/calculator).
Square Root of 439 Definition
In mathematical form we can show the square root of 439 using the radical sign, like this: √439. This is usually referred to as the square root of 439 in radical form.
So what is the square root? In this case, the square root of 439 is the quantity (which we will call q) that when multiplied by itself, will equal 439.
√439 = q × q = q2
Is 439 a Perfect Square?
In math, we refer to 439 being a perfect square if the square root of 439 is a whole number.
In this case, as we will see in the calculations below, we can see that 439 is not a perfect square.
To find out more about perfect squares, you can read about them and look at a list of 1000 of them in our What is a Perfect Square? article.
Is The Square Root of 439 Rational or Irrational?
A common question is to ask whether the square root of 439 is rational or irrational. Rational numbers can be written as a fraction and irrational numbers cannot.
A quick way to check this is to see if 439 is a perfect square. If it is, then it is a rational number. If it's not a perfect square then it's an irrational number.
We already know if 439 is a perfect square so we also can see that √439 is an irrational number.
Can the Square Root of 439 Be Simplified?
439 can be simplified only if you can make 439 inside the radical symbol smaller. This is a process that is called simplifying the surd. In this example square root of 439 cannot be simplified.
√439 is already in its simplest radical form.
How to Calculate The Square Root of 439 with a Calculator
If you have a calculator then the simplest way to calculate the square root of 439 is to use that calculator. On most calculators you can do this by typing in 439 and then pressing the √x key. You should get the following result:
√439 ≈ 20.9523
How to Calculate the Square Root of 439 with a Computer
On a computer you can also calculate the square root of 439 using Excel, Numbers, or Google Sheets and the SQRT function, like so:
SQRT(439) ≈ 20.952326839757
What is the Square Root of 439 Rounded?
Sometimes you might need to round the square root of 439 down to a certain number of decimal places. Here are the solutions to that, if needed.
10th: √439 ≈ 21
100th: √439 ≈ 20.95
1000th: √439 ≈ 20.952
What is the Square Root of 439 as a Fraction?
We covered earlier in this article that only a rational number can be written as a fraction, and irrational numbers cannot.
Like we said above, since the square root of 439 is an irrational number, we cannot make it into an exact fraction. However, we can make it into an approximate fraction using the square root of 439 rounded to the nearest hundredth.
≈ 20 19/20
What is the Square Root of 439 Written with an Exponent?
All square root calculations can be converted to a number (called the base) with a fractional exponent. Let's see how to do that with the square root of 439:
√b = b½
√439 = 439½
How to Find the Square Root of 439 Using Long Division
Finally, we can use the long division method to calculate the square root of 439. This is very useful for long division test problems and was how mathematicians would calculate the square root of a number before calculators and computers were invented.
Set up 439 in pairs of two digits from right to left and attach one set of 00 because we want one decimal:
Starting with the first set: the largest perfect square less than or equal to 4 is 4, and the square root of 4 is 2. Therefore, put 2 on top and 4 at the bottom like this:
Calculate 4 minus 4 and put the difference below. Then move down the next set of numbers.
Double the number in green on top: 2 × 2 = 4. Then, use 4 and the bottom number to make this problem:
4? ×? ≤ 39
The question marks are "blank" and the same "blank". With trial and error, we found the largest number "blank" can be is 0. Replace the question marks in the problem with 0 to get:
40 × 0 = 0
Now, enter 0 on top, and 0 at the bottom:
Calculate 39 minus 0 and put the difference below. Then move down the next set of numbers.
Double the number in green on top: 20 × 2 = 40. Then, use 40 and the bottom number to make this problem:
40? ×? ≤ 3900
The question marks are "blank" and the same "blank". With trial and error, we found the largest number "blank" can be is 9.
Now, enter 9 on top:
That's it! The answer shown at the top in green. The square root of 439 with one digit decimal accuracy is 21. Notice that the last two steps actually repeat the previous two. To add decimal places to your answe you can simply add more sets of 00 and repeat the last two steps.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
|This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information|
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-05-138
Date: July 2006
Shared-Use Path Level of Service Calculator
A User's Guide
PDF Version (1298 KB)
PDF files can be viewed with the Acrobat® Reader®
During the last 20 years, there has been an explosion in shared-use path construction across the United States and Canada. These new paths take many forms–rail-trails, greenway trails through linear parks, waterfront paths along beaches and oceans, and side-paths along road corridors. These paths serve a wide variety of nonmotorized travelers–bicyclists, skaters, scooters, runners, walkers, people with disabilities, people pushing strollers, children, the elderly, and others. Many of these paths have become extremely popular and well used, especially in urban and suburban communities. Some shared-use paths are popular to the point of suffering from their success, i.e., periodic crowding and user conflicts begin to affect user enjoyment and safety.
In general, there are a variety of reasons why trail use is on the rise. Trail activities remain high on the list of most popular outdoor recreation activities, and U.S. participation levels in trail activities continue to trend upwards. For example, between 1994 and 2000, participation in the following trail activities increased considerably: walking (35 percent increase); running (43 percent increase); bicycling (50 percent increase); and day hiking (52 percent increase).(1) As more trails are built in urban and suburban communities, they increase the population's access to close-to-home recreation and enable people to participate in trail use more often. Trail users and equipment continue to diversify, encouraging new constituencies. Finally, the purposes for trail use are expanding, as urban and suburban trails are used for utilitarian and commuting transportation, as well as for recreation.
In many communities, shared-use paths are an integral part of the multimodal transportation system. As transportation planners and decisionmakers have focused increased attention on trail development, concern about trail safety and the management of high user volumes has risen as well. However, trail and nonmotorized transportation planners have had few tools and little data to guide them in managing higher volumes and the increasingly diverse trail user modes. It remains unclear as to how many users are too many for any given trail width, or how user flow can be optimized using trail design or operational techniques. Research is needed to provide trail planners, designers, and managers with additional tools that can be used to make the best trails possible.
HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
This guide is intended primarily for trail planners, designers, and managers, which include professionals from a wide variety of disciplines–planners, landscape architects, transportation engineers, bicycle and pedestrian transportation specialists, and park and recreation planners and managers. It may also be useful for trail, bicycle, and pedestrian advocates; elected officials; planning and park commissioners; and other members of the public–especially those who find themselves involved in trail planning efforts or in situations involving trail user conflicts that stem from high volumes and diverse mode mixes. These conditions are increasingly common on trails located in urban, suburban, and high-use recreational areas.
The purpose of this guide is to introduce practitioners and others to: 1) the findings of our study on the quality of service on trails; 2) a new analytical tool called the Shared-Use Path Level of Service (LOS) Calculator, and 3) potential implications for trail design. The tool can be used for a variety of trail planning tasks, where quantitative evaluation is needed to assist in solving design or management problems, as for example:
Other important findings of this research include the development of baseline data to which trail data from all parts of the country and from many different settings can be compared, including:
Readers of this guide may understand the term shared-use path (or multiuse trail) to be applicable to a very wide range of facility types and settings. It is important to note that the analytical tool introduced in this guide and the research behind it were not developed to apply to every type of shared-use path. The list below describes the limits of the study and the applicability of its findings.
FOR WHAT TYPES OF SHARED-USE PATHS IS THIS STUDY APPLICABLE?
This guide is divided into six chapters following this introduction.
Chapter 2 summarizes the purpose and objectives of the research, its approach, and its basic findings. It provides definitions for key terms used in the guide and a list of various factors studied during data analysis. Findings include a summary of characteristics found on the study trails, user perception survey results, and the development of a data profile for an average trail. Appendix A provides a full data profile for the 15 study trails.
Chapter 3 provides an introduction to the concept of LOS and describes how it has been applied to shared-use paths. It provides a brief description of the mathematical model used to create the Shared-Use Path LOS Calculator and describes how trail LOS grades should be interpreted. It concludes with a table of LOS scores and grades for the 15 trails examined in this study.
Chapter 4 describes how to apply the Shared-Use Path LOS Calculator to various trail planning and design issues. Data requirements are discussed, as well as model assumptions and default values. This chapter concludes with an introduction to the quick reference, "Look-Up Tables," where a range of typical trail widths, volumes, and mode mixes are listed, with corresponding LOS scores and grades. The look-up tables are provided in appendix C.
Chapter 5 provides a step-by-step guide to using the Shared-Use Path LOS Calculator.
Chapter 6 discusses possible implications of research on trail design. Topics discussed include trail width, striping options, and use of separate treadways for select user types. Trail operation and management decisions may also be informed by analysis conducted with this tool.
Chapter 7 includes two fictional case studies that describe diverse applications of the calculator to real-life situations: first, to evaluate the performance of an existing trail to determine how much trail widening may be needed, and second, to determine the appropriate width when planning the cross section of a new trail.
OTHER REPORTS AND PRODUCTS GENERATED BY THIS STUDY
This Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) publication, FHWA-HRT-05-138, Shared-Use Path LOS Calculator–A User's Guide, and the associated Shared-Use Path Level of Service Calculator are two of the products resulting from this research project. Other products include FHWA-HRT-05-137, Evaluation of Safety, Design, and Operation of Shared-Use Paths–Final Report and an accompanying TechBrief.
Previous | Table of Contents | Next
Topics: research, safety, operations, human factors, pedestrian & bicycle safety
Keywords: research, safety, path, trail, bicycle, shared-use, LOS, width, pedestrian, in-line skater
TRT Terms: Pedestrian facilities design--United States, Pedestrian areas--United States--Planning, Cycling paths--United States--Planning, Traffic surveys--United States, Calculators, Level of service, Pedestrians

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Fix Python – How to generate a random number with a specific amount of digits?
Question
Asked By – Arty
Let's say I need a 3-digit number, so it would be something like:
>>> random(3)
563
or
>>> random(5)
26748
>> random(2)
56
Now we will see solution for issue: How to generate a random number with a specific amount of digits?
Answer
You can use either of random.randint or random.randrange. So to get a random 3-digit number:
from random import randint, randrange
randint(100, 999) # randint is inclusive at both ends
randrange(100, 1000) # randrange is exclusive at the stop
* Assuming you really meant three digits, rather than "up to three digits".
To use an arbitrary number of digits:
from random import randint
def random_with_N_digits(n):
 range_start = 10**(n-1)
 range_end = (10**n)-1
 return randint(range_start, range_end)

print random_with_N_digits(2)
print random_with_N_digits(3)
print random_with_N_digits(4)
Output:
33
124
5127
This question is answered By – RichieHindle
This answer is collected from stackoverflow and reviewed by FixPython community admins, is licensed under cc by-sa 2.5 , cc by-sa 3.0 and cc by-sa 4.0


1. Homepage
 2. Programming
 3. COMP 1012 Programming Fundamentals and Applications Assignment 3: Interpolation, string manipulation
COMP 1012 Programming Fundamentals and Applications Assignment 3: Interpolation, string manipulation
Contact Us On WeChat
Python Interpolationstring manipulationCOMP 1012Programming Fundamentals and Applications
COMP 1012 Programming Fundamentals and Applications Assignment 3
- Task 1 – (20 Points)
Given counting.csv in the Data folder, please write a Python program to estimate the counts 2 minutes and 30 seconds after each timestamp. Then, store the counts for every 2 minutes and 30 seconds in a csv file named results_T1.csv in the Results folder. Plot the counts for every 2 minutes and 30 seconds and save as a png file named result_plot_T1.png in the results folder. For example, supposed we have CourseNana.COM
Time Counts
9/2/2022 7:35:00 AM 6
9/2/2022 7:40:00 AM 8
9/2/2022 7:45:00 AM 10
We are going to estimate the counts at 9/2/2022 7:37:30 AM, 9/2/2022 7:42:30 AM, and 9/2/2022 7:47:30 AM, respectively, and store it as a csv file. Time Counts
9/2/2022 7:35:00 AM 6
9/2/2022 7:37:30 AM Estimated counts
9/2/2022 7:40:00 AM 8
9/2/2022 7:42:30 AM Estimated counts
9/2/2022 7:45:00 AM 10
9/2/2022 7:47:30 AM Estimated counts
Requirements: Please use pandas to read and write the csv file. Tips: You can use interpolation methods provided by NumPy or SciPy to estimate the counts. You can also try using linear regression in scikit-learn for the estimation (see the reference: _URL_ and _URL_ CourseNana.COM
- Task 2 – (40 Points)
Please write a Python program to CourseNana.COM
 1. Ask user to input a string from keyboard. The string must contain at least a '\', a space, a lowercase letter, an upper-case letter, and a number. If the input string does not satisfy the rule, ask the user to re-input.
 2. Print the obtained string.
 3. Replace all the '\' by 'n' in the obtained string.
 4. Replace all the lower-case letters by '\' in the obtained string.
 5. Replace all the upper-case letters by 't' in the obtained string.
 6. Replace all the numbers by '*' in the obtained string.
 7. Print the new string.
Tips: Since all string manipulation is replacing, the length of the string after replacing must be the same as the original one. Be careful about escape characters. You can check string methods in _URL_ CourseNana.COM
- Task 3 – (40 Points)
Please write a Python program to CourseNana.COM
 1. Ask the user to input ?? float number and store in a list named nums, where ?? ≥ 3.
 2. Return the output list named res where the length of res is the same as the nums, and res[i] is equal to the product of the elements of nums excluding nums[i] where 0 < ?? < ??????(??????).
 3. Print every nums[i] and format the output to keep 4 decimal places.
Requirement: CourseNana.COM
 1. Division is not allowed.
 2. Nested loop is not allowed.
Tips: Since all string manipulation is replacing, the length of the string after replacing must be the same as the original one. Be careful about escape characters. You can check string methods in _URL_ CourseNana.COM
- Submission Requirement
 1. Submit on time.
 2. Name the program of Task 1 by studentID_T1.py in which studentID is your student ID. For example, if your student ID is 12345678g, name the program as 12345678g_T1.py.
 3. Name the program of Task 2 by studentID_T2.py in which studentID is your student ID. For example, if your student ID is 12345678g, name the program as 12345678g_T2.py.
 4. Name the program of Task 3 by studentID_T3.py in which studentID is your student ID. For example, if your student ID is 12345678g, name the program as 12345678g_T3.py.
 5. Put studentID_T1.py, studentID_T2.py and studentID_T3.py into a folder named by your student ID.
 6. Create a folder named Data in the folder student ID and put counting.csv in the Data folder.
 7. Create a folder named Results in the folder student ID.
 8. studentID_T1.py should read the counting.csv in the Data folder as input of the program and the outputs should be automatically saved in the Results folder.
 9. Zip the folder and submit the zip file via the Blackboard.
 - End –
Get Expert Help On This Assignment
Scan above qrcode with Wechat
Python代写, Interpolation代写,string manipulation代写,COMP 1012代写,Programming Fundamentals and Applications代写,Python代编, Interpolation代编,string manipulation代编,COMP 1012代编,Programming Fundamentals and Applications代编,Python代考, Interpolation代考,string manipulation代考,COMP 1012代考,Programming Fundamentals and Applications代考,Pythonhelp, Interpolationhelp,string manipulationhelp,COMP 1012help,Programming Fundamentals and Applicationshelp,Python作业代写, Interpolation作业代写,string manipulation作业代写,COMP 1012作业代写,Programming Fundamentals and Applications作业代写,Python编程代写, Interpolation编程代写,string manipulation编程代写,COMP 1012编程代写,Programming Fundamentals and Applications编程代写,Pythonprogramming help, Interpolationprogramming help,string manipulationprogramming help,COMP 1012programming help,Programming Fundamentals and Applicationsprogramming help,Pythonassignment help, Interpolationassignment help,string manipulationassignment help,COMP 1012assignment help,Programming Fundamentals and Applicationsassignment help,Pythonsolution, Interpolationsolution,string manipulationsolution,COMP 1012solution,Programming Fundamentals and Applicationssolution,


text:
Walnut Sheller Machine Introduction
Our walnut sheller machine is specially designed for removing the hard shell from the walnuts. Different kinds of walnuts have different production and integrity rate, but we can adjust the speed to offer you the most integrate walnuts.
Walnut Sheller Machine Features
1. The whole machine integrates shelling and separating walnut flesh from shells into one.
2. High walnut flesh integrity about 98% and high shelling efficiency.
3. Suitable for walnut businessmen whose processing capacity is 4-5t/d.
4. Compact structure, convenient to transport and operate.
1. Rich in nutrients: multiple microelements like calcium, phosphorus, and iron; vitamins like carotene and riboflavin.
2. With medical effects such as improving blood circulation, moistening dryness and resolving phlegm.
3. Supply nourishment to the brain. A glass of walnut milk a day will bring you a sober brain to work.


. successor attribute (successorAttribute?ATTR1?ATTR2) means that?ATTR2 is the Attribute that comes immediately after?ATTR1 on the scale that they share. successor attribute closure The transitive closure of successorAttribute. (successorAttributeClosure?ATTR1?ATTR2) means that there is a chain of successorAttribute assertions connecting?ATTR1 and?ATTR2. superficial part (superficialPart?OBJ1?OBJ2) means that?OBJ1 is a part of?OBJ2 that has no interior parts of its own (or, intuitively, that only overlaps those parts of?OBJ2 that are externally connected with the mereological complement of?OBJ2). This too is a transitive relation closed under MereologicalSumFn and MereologicalProductFn. surface (surface?OBJ1?OBJ2) means that?OBJ1 is a maximally connected superficialPart of?OBJ2. Note that some SelfConnectedObjects have more than one surface, e.g. a hollow object like a tennis ball has both an inner and an outer surface. system part (systemPart?PART?SYSTEM) means that the Physical thing?PART is a SystemElement in the PhysicalSystem?SYSTEM. task (task?Process?Task) means that?Task is a function to be performed by the ComputerProcess?Process. temporal part The temporal analogue of the spatial part predicate. (temporalPart?POS1?POS2) means that TimePosition?POS1 is part of TimePosition?POS2. Note that since temporalPart is a ReflexiveRelation every TimePostion is a temporalPart of itself. time This relation holds between an instance of Physical and an instance of TimePosition just in case the temporal lifespan of the former includes the latter. In other words, (time?THING?TIME) means that?THING existed or occurred at?TIME. Note that time does for instances of Physical what holdsDuring does for instances of Formula. The constants located and time are the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively. transported (transported?EVENT?OBJ) means that?OBJ is transported (carried/moved to a different physical location) in the Transportation?EVENT. traverses (traverses?OBJ1?OBJ2) means that?OBJ1 crosses or extends across?OBJ2. Note that crosses and penetrates are subrelations of traverses. typical part An instance of the first argument is typically found as part of an instance of the second argument. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to part. Note that this does not imply that such wholes typically have such parts. typically contains part An instance of the second argument typically contains an instance of the first argument. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to part. Note that this does not imply that such parts typically have such wholes. uses (uses?OBJECT AGENT) means that?OBJECT is used by?AGENT as an instrument in an unspecified Process. This Predicate, as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the CaseRoles agent and instrument. wants (wants?AGENT?OBJECT) means that?OBJECT is desired by?AGENT, i.e.?AGENT believes that?OBJECT will satisfy one of its goals. Note that there is no implication that what is wanted by an agent is not already possessed by the agent. width BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure of an Object from side to side at its widest span. abstract Properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment. agent Something or someone that can act on its own and produce changes in the world. Instances of AgentPatientProcess have at least one agent and at least one patient. Unlike instances of IntentionalProcess, the agent need not be a CognitiveAgent. Cf. other high-level subclasses of Process, such as DualObjectProcess, InternalChange, and Motion. agreement Agreement is the class of Propositions that express the contents of agreements entered into by CognitiveAgents. Agreement includes treaties, contracts, purchase orders, pledges, marriage vows, etc. An Agreement may be written down in a document or other ContentBearingObject. angle measure The value of an angle in a plane or in a solid. area measure Measures of the amount of space in two dimensions. argument Any proposition which has the form of a deductive or inductive argument, i.e. a set of premises which, it is claimed, imply a conclusion. artifact An Object that is the product of a Making. attribute Qualities which we cannot or choose not to reify into subclasses of Object. biologically active substance A Substance that is capable of inducing a change in the structure or functioning of an Organism. This Class includes Substances used in the treatment, diagnosis, prevention or analysis of normal and abnormal body function. This Class also includes Substances that occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically. Finally, BiologicallyActiveSubstance includes Nutrients, most drugs of abuse, and agents that require special handling because of their toxicity. body motion Any Motion where the agent is an Organism and the patient is a BodyPart. body substance Extracellular material and mixtures of cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or accreted by an Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva, dental enamel, sweat, hormones, and gastric acid. bubble A globe which has a Liquid surface and which contains a Gas. class Classes differ from Sets in three important respects. First, Classes are not assumed to be extensional. That is, distinct Classes might well have exactly the same instances. Second, Classes typically have an associated 'condition' that determines the instances of the Class. So, for example, the condition 'human' determines the Class of Humans. Note that some Classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the Class of Abstract things is Abstract) and hence be instances of themselves. Third, the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances. A ClassificationScheme is a conceptual structure, an abstract arrangement of concepts and the relations that link them. cognitive agent A SentientAgent with responsibilities and the ability to reason, deliberate, make plans, etc. This is essentially the legal/ethical notion of a person. Note that, although Human is a subclass of CognitiveAgent, there may be instances of CognitiveAgent which are not also instances of Human. For example, chimpanzees, gorillas, dolphins, whales, and some extraterrestrials (if they exist) may be CognitiveAgents. collection Collections have members like Classes, but, unlike Classes, they have a position in space-time and members can be added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the Collection. Some examples are toolkits, football teams, and flocks of sheep. conductor substance A Substance that readily conducts electricity. constant quantity A ConstantQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity that has a constant value, e.g. 3 Meters and 5 HourDurations. The magnitude (see MagnitudeFn) of every ConstantQuantity is a RealNumber. ConstantQuantity is distinguished from FunctionQuantity, in that each instance of the latter is formed through the mapping of one PhysicalQuantity to another PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of ConstantQuantity is expressed with the BinaryFunction MeasureFn, which takes a Number and a UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example, 3 Meters is expressed as (MeasureFn 3 Meter). Instances of ConstantQuantity form a partial order (see PartialOrderingRelation) with the lessThan relation, since lessThan is a RelationExtendedToQuantities and lessThan is defined over the RealNumbers. The lessThan relation is not a total order (see TotalOrderingRelation) over the class ConstantQuantity since elements of some subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to elements of other subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as mass quantities). constitution The class Constitution includes the bodies of abstract principles formulated to guide the laws, institutions and practices of various Governments. Also see ConstitutionDocument. content bearing object Any SelfConnectedObject that expresses content. This content may be a Proposition, e.g. when the ContentBearingObject is a Sentence or Text, or it may be a representation of an abstract or physical object, as with an Icon, a Word or a Phrase. content bearing physical Any Object or Process that expresses content. This covers Objects that contain a Proposition, such as a book, as well as ManualSignLanguage, which may similarly contain a Proposition. content bearing process Any Process, for example ManualHumanLanguage, which may contain a Proposition. corpuscular object A SelfConnectedObject whose parts have properties that are not shared by the whole. dual object process Any Process that requires two, nonidentical patients. electrical process A Process in which electrical interactions take place electricity While electricity is typically thought of as just a difference in electrical potential, one way of modeling electricity is as a substance that can be moved from one point to another or consumed. One could make the claim that subatomic physics also supports the classification as a substance since electrons are objects. epoch An instant in time that is arbitrarily selected as a point of reference. equation a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal. flow region FlowRegion is a class of things whose boundaries are relatively stable but whose constitutive material is continuously moving through the region itself and being replaced by other, similar material. Each FlowRegion is constituted by a stream of matter moving as a whole. A FlowRegion may be liquid or gaseous. A wind may be considered as a Process or as a FlowRegion, similarly an OceanCurrent or a WaterWave. The motion process associated with a Flow


ingredient information
HydrocolloidsA hydrocolloid is defined as a colloid system wherein the colloid particles are dispersed in water. A hydrocolloid has colloid particles spread throughout water, and depending on the quantity of water available that can take place in different states, e.g., gel or sol (liquid). Hydrocolloids can be either irreversible (single-state) or reversible. For example, agar, a reversible hydrocolloid of seaweed extract, can exist in a gel and sol state, and alternate between states with the addition or elimination of heat. Many hydrocolloids are derived from natural sources. For example, agar-agar and carrageenan are extracted from seaweed, gelatin is produced by hydrolysis of proteins of bovine and fish origins, and pectin is extracted from citrus peel and apple pomace. Gelatin desserts like jelly or Jell-O are made from gelatin powder, another effective hydrocolloid. Hydrocolloids are employed in food mainly to influence texture or viscosity (e.g., a sauce). Hydrocolloid-based medical dressings are used for skin and wound treatment. Other main hydrocolloids are xanthan gum, gum arabic, guar gum, locust bean gum, cellulose derivatives as carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate and starch. [edit] Interaction between colloid particles


Comparing Analysis Methods in Functional Calcium Imaging of the Insect Brain.
Forskningsoutput: TidskriftsbidragArtikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift
Abstract
We investigate four different methods for background estimation in calcium imaging of the insect brain and evaluate their performance on six data sets consisting of data recorded from two sites in two species of moths. The calcium fluorescence decay curve outside the potential response is estimated using either a low-pass filter or constant, linear or polynomial regression, and is subsequently used to calculate the magnitude, latency and duration of the response. The magnitude and variance of the responses that are obtained by the different methods are compared, and, by computing the receiver operating characteristics of a classifier based on response magnitude, we evaluate the ability of each method to detect the stimulus type and conclude that a polynomial approximation of the background gives the overall best result.
Detaljer
Författare
Enheter & grupper
Forskningsområden
Ämnesklassifikation (UKÄ) – OBLIGATORISK
 - Neurovetenskaper
Originalspråkengelska
Artikelnummere0129614
TidskriftPLoS ONE
Volym10
Utgivningsnummer6
StatusPublished - 2015
PublikationskategoriForskning
Peer review utfördJa
Relaterad forskningsoutput
Visa alla (1)


text:
Seasonal foods are preferred by Japanese people. Crops can be grown earlier in some warmer areas and these can then be shipped across the country. Colder areas harvest the same crops later and can ship these to warmer areas.
Did I mention we have already eaten fresh corn on the cob? Doesn't that suika (watermelon) look good? What is that other fruit? It is called a biwa which is a loquat. It is delicious. It has a nice firm texture and tastes like a combination of different fruits such as apple, peach and others.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Select Page
Forensic Accountant in Rosemont, CA
Find Forensic Accountants in Rosemont
Common questions about Forensic Accountant in Rosemont, CA
Just how much does forensic accounting cost nearby Rosemont?
Just how much do forensic accountants cost? That depends upon the complexity of the work however most forensic accountants require a deposit of $3,000.00 to $5,000.00 to begin.
Why do you need a forensic accountant nearby Rosemont, California?
Forensic accounting is making use of accounting skills to investigate scams, embezzlement and other abnormalities hidden as financial deals. While the tasks of forensic accountants generally lead them to examine and evaluate, they might likewise be called upon to work as expert witnesses in court.
How do you become a forensic accountant nearby Rosemont?
Steps for Becoming a Forensic AccountantAttend a degree program and/or gain experience in an associated field. * Take and pass the Uniform Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Examination. ** Apply for an employment opportunity as a forensic accountant.Complete an interview.Get employed as a forensic accountant.
Are forensic accountants in demand nearby Rosemont, CA?
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) forecasts 13% job development for accountants and auditors by 2022. The growth of all forensic accounting jobs must correspond with this rate, if not surpass it due increasing monetary regulations, with some estimates forecasting a 20% development in need for investigative auditors.
What do forensic accountants try to find around Rosemont?
Forensic Accountants combine their accounting, auditing, and investigative abilities to search for and discover details relating to monetary irregularities, deceptive activity, and commercial neglect.
Who can be a forensic accountant near Rosemont, CA?
Forensic accountants are accountants that integrate basic accounting knowledge with investigative skills in several settings. These kinds of accountants can be employed by public and private accounting companies, police, personal companies, financial institutions, and government companies.
Is auditing forensic accounting in Rosemont, CA?
Forensic Accounting– Financial/Fraud Investigation A forensic audit is more including than a financial statement audit in regards to assessing the entity's internal control structure and recognition of alleged fraudulent activity or abnormalities.
Who does forensic audits around Rosemont, CA?
A forensic audit is an assessment and examination of a company's or specific's financial records to obtain evidence that can be utilized in a legal action. A forensic audit may be performed to prosecute a celebration for scams, embezzlement, or another criminal behavior.
Forensic Accountant in Rosemont CA
About Forensic Accountant
Zip Codes
95826 95827
About Rosemont, California
Service Type
Forensic Accountant
Provider Name
411 Accountant,Rosemont, CaliforniaRosemont CA
Forensic Accountant in Rosemont CA


text: Insects rely on their olfactory system to forage, prey, and mate. They can sense odorant plumes emitted from sources of their interests with their bilateral odorant antennae, and track down odor sources using their highly efficient flapping-wing mechanism. The odor-tracking process typically consists of two distinct behaviors: surging upwind at higher velocity and zigzagging crosswind at lower velocity. Despite extensive numerical and experimental studies on odor guided flight in insects, we have limited understandings on the effects of flight velocity on odor plume structure and its associated odor perception. In this study, a fully coupled three-way numerical solver is developed, which solves the 3D Navier-Stokes equations coupled with equations of motion for the passive flapping wings, and the odorant convection-diffusion equation. This numerical solver is applied to resolve the unsteady flow field and the odor plume transport for a fruit fly model at different flight velocities in terms of reduced frequency. Our results show that the odor plume structure and intensity are strong related to reduced frequency. At smaller reduced frequency (larger forward velocity), odor plume is pushed up during downstroke and draw back during upstroke. At larger reduced frequency (smaller forward velocity), the flapping wings induce a shield-like air flow around the antennae which may greatly increase the odor sampling range. Our finding may explain why flight velocity is important in odor guided flight.


x match ARG in BODY This analogy should be treated with caution. For one thing, our 'letrec' allowed us to define recursive functions in which the name 'x' appeared within 'ARG', but we wanted it there to be bound to the very same 'ARG'. We're not ready to deal with recursive functions in the lambda calculus yet. For another, we defined 'let' in terms of *values*: we said that the variable 'x' was bound to whatever *value* 'ARG' *evaluated to*. At this point, it's not clear what the values are in the lambda calculus. We only have expressions. (Though there was a suggestive remark earlier about some of the expressions but not others being called "value terms".) So perhaps we should translate '((\x BODY) ARG)' in purely syntactic terms, like: "let 'x' be replaced by 'ARG' in 'BODY'"? Most problematically, in the lambda calculus, an abstract such as '(\x (x x))' is perfectly well-formed and coherent, but it is not possible to write a 'let' expression that does not have an 'ARG'. That would be like: 'let x match' *missing* 'in x x' Nevertheless, the correspondence is close enough that it can guide our intuition.


text:
Permaculture Design A step-by-step guide
Permanent Publications 2012 Pbck; 191 pp
UK Permaculture teacher Aranya has produced a new book on Permaculture design. This handy field guide takes you step-by step through all the main skills required of the permaculture designer in one slim volume: observation; surveying mapping and surveying; the client interview; drawing up a design proposal, and how to implement it, and much more besides.
The same topics are covered in other Designer manuals, such as Patrick Whitefield's Earth Care Manual, but this book covers each topic in more detail, with excellent graphics, photos and illustrations throughout.
The sections on surveying and mapping techniques are particularly clear and full of practical advice, including marking contours with an "A-Frame" and full details on measuring a site and making a base-map.
I could have done without the section at the end on "Designing zone zero zero" which strays into the territory of personal developmentan entirely different subjectbut I would certainly recommend it as a practical how-to guide for the student designer, and the the experienced will also find it a valuable addition to their knapsack. Also promises to be hugely valuable as a teaching tool.


text:
Clemons Family Papers
Scope and Contents
This collection contains materials on the Clemons family of Ottawa County, Ohio. Several members were in the crew assigned to the Marblehead Lighthouse and Life-Saving Station circa _PHONE_;. Items in the collection cover _PHONE_. Correspondence (_PHONE_), genealogy papers (_PHONE_), newspaper clippings (_PHONE_), and photographs (circa _PHONE_) are the main sets of materials present. The letters and postcards describe family subjects. The genealogy files trace the Clemons family back to 1767. Newspaper clippings relate to the Clemons family and Ottawa County at large. The majority of the photographs depict the personnel and activities of the U.S. Life-Saving Station at Marblehead, while a smaller set of photos are of the Clemons family.
.42 Cubic Feet (1 legal manuscript box)
- Clemons Family (Family)
Conditions Governing Access
No known access restrictions.
Conditions Governing Use
Researchers using this collection assume full responsibility for conforming to the laws of libel, privacy, and copyright, and are responsible for securing permissions necessary for publication or reproduction.
Language of Materials
Immediate Source of Acquisition
The collection was originally donated to the Center for Archival Collections (CAC) in 1976. IT was transferred to the Historical Collections of the Great Lakes from the CAC in April 1993.
Collection processed by Archivist Mark Sprang in February 2022.
- Guide to the Clemons Family Papers
- Description rules
- Describing Archives: A Content Standard
- Language of description
- Script of description


text:
Objective: To report our experience with magnetic resonance urography (MRU) in pregnant women suspected of having obstructing upper tract calculi. The diagnosis of an upper tract calculus in the pregnant woman can be challenging. Recent evidence suggests that MRU can be used to effectively evaluate renal colic. Methods: From 2008-2011, 9 pregnant women were referred for evaluation of suspected renal colic caused by an obstructing upper tract stone. All patients underwent MRU with a half Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) protocol. Medical records and imaging studies were reviewed for demographic and clinical data as well as outcome measures. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 25 years (range 20-34); average gestational age of the fetus was 23 weeks (range 9-36). In all cases, a renal ultrasound was the initial imaging study obtained, with nondiagnostic findings. HASTE MRU detected 4 ureteral stones and 4 cases of physiological hydronephrosis of pregnancy. In one case, interpretation of the MRU was limited as a result of patient motion. Of the patients with obstructing stones, 1 required endourologic management during her pregnancy and 3 were followed conservatively. No adverse events related to MRU occurred. Conclusion: HASTE MRU is an informative imaging study for pregnant women with suspected upper tract stone disease. Information gathered from this study augments that gained from alternative modalities, and aids in medical decision-making. The lack of ionizing radiation exposure, coupled with the capture of detailed anatomic imaging, makes HASTE MRU a particularly useful study in this setting.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
This study investigated the presence of viable Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in pasteurized milk produced by Italian industrial dairy plants to verify the prediction of a previously performed risk assessment. The study analyzed 160 one-liter bottles of pasteurized milk from 2 dairy plants located in 2 different regions. Traditional cultural protocols were applied to 500mL of pasteurized milk for each sample. The investigation focused also on the pasteurization parameters and data on the microbiological characteristics of raw milk (total bacterial count) and pasteurized milk (Enterobacteriaceae and Listeria monocytogenes). No sample was positive for MAP, the pasteurization parameters complied with European Union legislation, and the microbiological analysis of raw and pasteurized milk showed good microbiological quality. The results show that a 7-log (or >7) reduction could be a plausible value for commercial pasteurization. The combination of hygiene practices at farm level and commercial pasteurization yield very low or absent levels of MAP contamination in pasteurized milk, suggesting that pasteurized milk is not a significant source of human exposure to MAP in the dairies investigated.
Keywords: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis; pasteurized milk.
Copyright © 2017 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
The Math Section of GHSGT
All about GHSGT Math
Mathematics is one of the sections of the Georgia High School Graduation Test. This test is taken by high school students, particularly 11th graders, to obtain their Georgia High School Graduation Diploma.
These examinations are framed under the QCC (Quality Core Curriculum), the GPS (Graduation Performance Standards), and the Transitional curriculum (which is designed for students following the curriculum that is in the transitional phase between QCC and the GPS curriculums). The topics covered in the three versions of this examination are mostly the same. Hence, one can refer to the study guides of the different test curriculums, as found on the official website (_URL_
This test has to be taken by 11th graders in the spring session of their 11th grade.
Students who fail in this examination, will have to retake this test (the maximum number of attempts being 5 times), the time duration for the retake being from Spring of 11th grade-Summer of 12th grade.
Students who have not qualified in this exam, but have satisfied all the other criteria for high school graduation, will receive a Certificate of Performance/special diploma, from the State Board of Education, with the provision of being allowed to attempt the GHSGT again at a later date.
Question Types and Format
Question PatternThe questions are of the objective-pattern, with 4 multiple-choice answering alternatives.
Number of QuestionsThe GPS-version of this examination has 65 multiple-choice questions, while its QCC-version presents 60-75 multiple-choice questions.
Test Completion DurationThe GPS version of this examination has to be completed in 1 hour, though a maximum time of 3 hours is allowed for completing this test. The QCC version of this test also has to be ideally completed in 60 minutes; however, a maximum period of 3 hours 10 minutes is given to a student, if required, for completing it.
The content areas for this section of the GPS and QCC versions have slight variations, as follows:
The GPS version consists of three domains:
AlgebraThis section, which covers 36% of the questions, consists of questions on algebraic functions, polynomials, quadratic equations, etc. The level of knowledge tested is of the GPS high school standard.
GeometryThe questions of this section account for 36% of the questions. These questions test the student's knowledge of geometry and trigonometry of the high school level.
Data AnalysisThis content area contributes to 28 % of the total number of questions. It presents questions based on the concepts of Mathematical Probability, and the student's ability to collect data and analyze it.
The QCC version of the test is grouped into 4 strands as follows:
Number and ComputationThis strand contributes to 17%-19% of the questions. It is designed to test the high school level Arithmetic knowledge of the examinees.
Data AnalysisThis strand that comprises 19%-21% of the test assesses the examinee's knowledge of high school level Arithmetic Probability, Statistical measurements, and the ability to study graphs and tables.
Measurement and GeometryThis content area covers the major portion of this test with questions pertaining to 32%-34% of the questions.
AlgebraThis section contributes to 28%-30% of the questions and tests the examinee's knowledge of high school level Algebra.
The scores vary according to the version of the test taken by a student. The scoring details, as per the various versions, are as follows:
QCC and Transitional Scores
The score interpretations are as follows:
- Scaled scores ranging from 100-600
- Passing score of 500-534
- Pass Plus score of 535 and higher
The score interpretations for this section of the test are as follows:
- Below ProficiencyScaled score of lesser than 200
- Basic ProficiencyScaled score of 200
- Advanced ProficiencyScaled score of 235
- HonorsScaled score of 235 and higher
This examination has a high passing score. Hence, one should be prepared very well for this examination before taking it, with the aid of adequate study resources.


New eco-friendly cement from UBC withstands earthquakes estimated for Victoria and Vancouver
With the threat of "The Big Onepresent in the minds of people in the lower mainland, it comes as no surprise that researchers are looking for various retrofitting options for at-risk buildings.
Dr. Nemkumar Banthia, a professor in the department of civil engineering, and Salman Soleimani-Dashtaki, a PhD candidate in the department of civil engineering, have been working to develop an alternative concrete compound that will be a cost-effective option for seismic upgrades.
The concrete compound developed by Banthia and Soleimani-Dashtaki is called eco-friendly ductile cementitious composite (EDCC). The compound is more eco-friendly than other types of concrete due to the amount of cement used.
Cement production is a highly polluting industry because there is a one-to-one ratio between cement and carbon dioxide production — when one tonne of cement is produced, one tonne of carbon dioxide is also produced. Banthia and Soleimani-Dashtaki were able to reduce the amount of cement to 30 per cent of what is commonly used by replacing cement with industrial byproducts such as fly ash, silica fume from silicon production and slag from metal refinement.
Fly ash is a byproduct from coal burning industries and, more often than not, will be unsustainably disposed of. The byproduct will usually be taken to landfills where it will create an alkaline environment that is unsuitable for many organisms.
By replacing 70 per cent of the cement used in the EDCC compound with fly ash, less fly ash will remain in landfills.
"Fly ash is actually one of the best materials you can supplement cement with. They go very well together and you can easily replace a big chunk of this [cement]," said Soleimani-Dashtaki.
During an earthquake, there is a lot of motion that the building structure and materials must withstand. The EDCC compound was designed to withstand deformation during an earthquake without collapsing.
To adjust for deformation, the material should be flexible, which Banthia and Soleimani-Dashtaki achieved with the addition of polymer-based fibres to the compound. Modelled after steel, the compound contains fibres of various lengths, which allow the compound to bend during an earthquake rather than fracturing.
To test the concrete compound, the researchers had ten walls undergo a simulated earthquake scenario. Four of the walls were tested without retrofitting and six with either single, or double sided retrofitting with the compound. They would then scale the intensity of the simulation to an earthquake in a particular target city — Tohoku city in Japan for example — and continue to raise the intensity until the wall collapsed.
The retrofitted walls were able to withstand a simulation of the Tohoku, Japan magnitude 9.0-9.1 earthquake that occurred in March 2017. They were also able to withstand earthquakes scaled to intensities higher than those estimated for Victoria and Vancouver, with some not breaking until a non-earthquake motion was applied.
► Play video
Courtesy UBC Public Affairs
The compound can be applied using a spray-on technique to form a thin layer on interior walls.
In particular, the compound is targeted for non-load bearing partitioning walls often used in commercial buildings. The hollow blocks are beneficial for sound and heat insulation, but do not provide stability to the overall structure. Although the partitions are easy to build, they become a hazard during an earthquake because they collapse and create debris.
"Those typical walls, usually about 80 to 90 per cent of the time, get completely removed and replaced with different partitioning systems like metal stalls and drywall," said Soleimani-Dashtaki.
By using the spray-on EDCC compound to retrofit walls instead of full replacement, costs for repairs are lowered and the amount of waste created is minimized.
"I'm not really sure about how it works, but obviously it would be good — it would save a lot of money for repairs and prevent loss of life," said Daniela Martin, a third year civil engineering student.
As a demonstration of the applicability of the compound, Banthia and Soleimani-Dashtaki are working with structural engineers to implement EDCC in the Dr. Annie B. Jamieson elementary school in Vancouver and another school in India.
The compound has now been included in the third edition of the Seismic Upgrade Guidelines as an available option for masonry. With such recognition and cost effectiveness, the compound will be able to become a more viable option for countries across the world, including at-risk buildings in developing areas.
A previous version of this article used cement and concrete interchangeably. The Ubyssey regrets this error.


text:
Hansen's Planet was an inhabited planet. This was the homeworld for a species of anthropoids. Prior to stardate 2821, this planet had previously been explored by Federation anthropologists.
While looking for survivors of the downed Galileo on Taurus II, Lieutenant Kelowitz's landing party was attacked by a species of anthropoids. When back aboard the USS Enterprise, the lieutenant stated that these anthropoids were similar to those found on Hansen's Planet. (TOS: "The Galileo Seven")
The location of Hansen's Planet was marked on the star chart Data and Picard were studying in the stellar cartography department on USS Enterprise-D in 2371. (Star Trek Generations, display graphic)


text:
|Borders:||N: Crethley Manor|
E: Bear Cave
S: Druid's Watch
Hagley is a zone consisting primarily of plains and light forests. It is bounded on the west by Qeynos and on the east by Bear Cave. To the north lies Crethley Manor and Druid's Watch is to the south.
The average mobs in Wyndhaven are of levels 5 to 20.
The following mobs are typically encountered in Hagley:
- Froglok scout
- Froglok ton
- Gnoll pup
- Gnoll runt
- Grave spider
- Tomb rat
In the early days of EverQuest Online Adventures, Hagley was commonly the first zone visited by adventurers hailing from Qeynos, as several of the early quest lines in this city directed players to this nearby zone.
Points of interestEdit
In Hagley (C) is Hagley Keep, the residence of the current lord of Hagley. The keep is surrounded by a small pirahna infested moat.
Deceased villagers of Hagley were entombed in a tomb in Hagley (SE). In the early days of EQOA: Classic, players commonly hunted within this so-called "rat tomb" for XP. It was also the site of a number of quests for Western Human player characters, sent to retrieve the remains of ill-fated adventurers, such as Wyna, who now haunts the tomb as Wyna the Hateful.
A small gathering of bandits may be found in the hills in Hagley (NW).
Grend Darkmaw is a gnoll who roams the countryside just outside of the village of Hagley. In the early days of EQOA: Classic it was not uncommon for Grend to be pulled into the center of town, where he would repeatedly kill new player characters venturing into the village.
Nearby the Hagley tomb, in Hagley (SE) and (S), a wandering gnoll called The Howler roams the land, ambushing those villagers who stray too far from the guards' watchful eyes.
The following quests involve travel to and within Hagley:
- More info to come


text:
Digital Drawing – Colour
If you have completed our Digital Drawing Basics tutorial, why not try experimenting with some colour fill techniques by following this practice activity. Watch our video clip and follow the instructions below. This activity is great for a quick and quiet wellbeing break from your work.
- Create a line drawing or pattern in simple black line
- Alternatively download one of our colouring-in sheets and insert the poppy image into your drawing (see the digital drawing basics if you're not sure how to do this)
- Using the fill bucket, on the top menu, fill your drawing with different areas of colour
- TIP: you can try using the same background drawing and vary the colours to create two different versions, (i.e. just use hot colours Pink/Red/Orange or cool colours Blue/Green/purples). See how the colour choices change the feel of the drawings.
Next steps – more practice activities
Why not try out more practice activities next? Each activity has a handy video guide to help you.
Still need help with the basics? Check out our Digital Drawing Basics page
For more inspiration follow our digital drawing board on Pinterest
Download instructions and examples
Download our digital drawing examples (for personal use only)


text:
In Understanding Horse Coat Color the following learning objectives are addressed.
- Learning the basic coat colors of horses.
- Learning the characteristics of each color.
- Identifying color patterns of horses.
Once you have completed this lesson, please take a few minutes to give us feedback about your learning experience. Provide Feedback
Once you have completed this lesson you can take other HorseQuest Learning Lessons.


129,772pages on
this wiki
Han1 edited
Sorry about the mess.
Created by a Jedi Consular in the days of the Old Republic to compensate weaknesses with lightsaber, Tràkata was a form of lightsaber combat developed for taking advantage of a lightsaber blade's ability to be turned on and off, a unique quality in a melee weapon. Quickly shutting off then re-igniting the blade could cause confusion in one's opponents, allowing for diversionary feints in combat. Mixed with Jar'Kai, Tràkata was extremely effective, even against multiple opponents. Sith Lords would occasionally use this form to free their blade hand, allowing greater control of some force powers, such as Force lightning.
Philosophically, Tràkata involved practical combat and deception, rather than single minded determination or endless patience. It was rarely used by the Sith, since the power of the Sith came from passion rather than practicality, and neither was it commonly used by the Jedi, because of their unwillingness to rely on deception. The latter may, however, have utilized this technique on occasion, their purpose usually being to exert greater influence over the Force.
Known moves and maneuversEdit
Pass the Blade
The duelist deactivated his blade as he attacks, bypassing the opponent's block before igniting it into the helpless foe.[1]
Unbalancing Block
Jedi Master Kao Cen Darach employed this or a similar technique to great effect during the lightsaber duel in which he, too, lost his life, with Sith Lord Vindican and his apprentice, Malgus.
Members of the New Jedi Order known to employ this technique include Jedi Master Mara Jade Skywalker.[2] Jedi Master Corran Horn used a variant of this technique during the Yuuzhan Vong War, one notable occurrence being while he was battling Shedao Shai on Ithor. During the battle, Horn and Shai were locked in combat, and Horn deactivated his lightsaber, then reignited it into Shedao Shai, killing the temporary Supreme Commander.[3] During her duel with Ben Skywalker, Sith apprentice Tahiri Veila used this technique to great effect. Skywalker forced her lightsaber aside, so Tahiri switched her lightsaber off and on so fast Skywalker barely had time to react, allowing her to extend the blade to where his throat had been just moments before.[4]
Behind the scenesEdit
Tràkata was a fanon creation that was brought into continuity by the Star Wars Roleplaying Game Saga Edition Core Rulebook.
Although not an official form in Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy, turning off Jaden Korr's lightsaber increased the potency of Force lightning, Force Grip, and Force Push, which can be seen as use of Tràkata. Additionally, in Star Wars: Battlefront II, Darth Sidious turns off his blade to free his hand when using Force lightning.
Notes and referencesEdit
External linksEdit
Lightsaber-resistant materials:
In other languages
Around Wikia's network
Random Wiki


text:
General Productivity Growth in a Theory of Quits and Layoffs
An efficient matching model of quits and layoffs is developed to account for several empirical regularities. Differences between quits and layoffs over the life and business cycles and across demographic groups are generated by differential rates of general productivity growth. The standard approach to quits and layoffs, based on wage rigidity, is shown to be incapable of accounting for many of the empirical regularities. Although a formal test rejects a structural prediction of the efficient turnover model, the specification does well in predicting both the level of, and time-series variation in, the fraction of separations labeled quits. Copyright 1990 by University of Chicago Press.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ucp:jlabec:v:8:y:1990:i:1:p:75-98. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Journals Division)
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.


text:
Kaus Australis - ε Sagittarii (epsilon Sagittarii)
Kaus Australis, also designated as ε Sagittarii (epsilon Sagittarii), is a double giant star in the constellation of Sagittarius.
Kaus Australis visual magnitude is 1.85, making it the 36th brightest star in the sky. Thanks to its high brightness, Kaus Australis is clearly visible when observed from locations with dark skyes, and should be also quite easily visible from light polluted areas.
The table below summarizes the key facts about Kaus Australis:
Celestial coordinates and finder chart of Kaus Australis
Kaus Australis is situated south of the celestial equator, as such, it is more easily visible from the southern emisphere. Celestial coordinates for the J2000 equinox as well as galactic coordinates of Kaus Australis are provided in the following table:
The simplified sky map below shows the position of Kaus Australis in the sky:
Visibility of Kaus Australis from your location
Today's Kaus Australis - ε Sagittarii (epsilon Sagittarii) rise, transit and set times from Greenwich, United Kingdom [change] are the following (all times relative to the local timezone Europe/London):
Digitized Sky Survey image of Kaus Australis
The image below is a photograph of Kaus Australis from the Digitized Sky Survey 2 (DSS2 - see the credits section) taken in the red channel. The area of sky represented in the image is 0.5x0.5 degrees (30x30 arcmins). The proper motion of Kaus Australis is -0.038 arcsec per year in Right Ascension and -0.124 arcsec per year in Declination and the associated displacement for the next 1000 years is represented with the red arrow.
Distance of Kaus Australis from the Sun and relative movement
Kaus Australis is distant 144.57 light years from the Sun and it is moving towards the Sun at the speed of 15 kilometers per second.
Spectral properties of Kaus Australis
Kaus Australis belongs to spectral class B9 and has a luminosity class of III corresponding to a giant star.
The red dot in the diagram below shows where Kaus Australis is situated in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram.
Kaus Australis star system properties
Kaus Australis is a visual double star which can be observed only with the help of very large telescopes. The table below shows key information about the Kaus Australis double sysyem:


Definitions for azotemiaˌæz əˈti mi ə, ˌeɪ zə-
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word azotemia
Princeton's WordNet
 1. uremia, uraemia, azotemia, azotaemia(noun)
 accumulation in the blood of nitrogenous waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
GCIDE
 1. azotemia(n.)
 the accumulation of an abnormally large amount of nitrogen-containing waste products, such as urea, in the blood; uremia.
Wiktionary
 1. azotemia(Noun)
 the accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (such as urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
Freebase
 1. Azotemia
 Azotemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds, such as urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds in the blood. It is largely related to insufficient filtering of blood by the kidneys.
U.S. National Library of Medicine
 1. Azotemia
 A biochemical abnormality referring to an elevation of BLOOD UREA NITROGEN and CREATININE. Azotemia can be produced by KIDNEY DISEASES or other extrarenal disorders. When azotemia becomes associated with a constellation of clinical signs, it is termed UREMIA.
Numerology
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of azotemia in Chaldean Numerology is: 3
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of azotemia in Pythagorean Numerology is: 9
Images & Illustrations of azotemia
Translations for azotemia
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
Get even more translations for azotemia »
Translation
Find a translation for the azotemia definition in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss these azotemia definitions with the community:
Word of the Day
Would you like us to send you a FREE new word definition delivered to your inbox daily?
Please enter your email address:
Citation
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
Style:MLAChicagoAPA
"azotemia." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2016. Web. 31 May 2016. <_URL_
Are we missing a good definition for azotemia? Don't keep it to yourself...
Nearby & related entries:
Alternative searches for azotemia:
Thanks for your vote! We truly appreciate your support.


The mythical tall cedar in Lebanon (Ezek 31:3-31:5)
"Consider a cedar
Of Lebanon!
It has fair branches.
It has forest shade.
It has great height.
Its top is
Among the clouds.
The waters nourished it.
The deep made it
Grow tall.
Its rivers flow
Around the place
It was planted,
Sending forth
Its streams
To all the trees
of the forest.
So it towered high
Above all the trees
Of the forest.
Its boughs grew large.
Its branches were long
From abundant water
In its shoots."
Yahweh, via Ezekiel, compared Egypt to a tall cedar tree in Lebanon. This majestic tree had fair branches in a forest shade. It was extremely tall so that its top reached into the clouds. Ezekiel seems to be referring to an ancient Babylonian myth about the deep abyss or a dragon from the watery chaos that made trees grow tall. Thus they would enter the heaven of the gods in the clouds. The nourishing water from this deep abyss made this cedar tree grow tall. Streams from this water abyss flowed all around the place where this tree was planted. Even the other trees in the forest were able to grow because of this water. Nevertheless, this high cedar tree towered over all the other trees in the forest, because it had large long branches, due to the abundance of water in its shoots.


Effyom - Meaning of Effyom
What does Effyom mean?
[ syll. ef-fyom, eff-y-om ] The baby boy name Effyom is pronounced EH-FiyAAM †. Effyom's language of origin is African. Effyom is a variation of Effiom.
Baby names that sound like Effyom include Ebony (English), Efeom, Effiom, Efiom, Efyom, Epefano, Epifan, Eviun, Epefanio, Epifanee, Epifaney, Epifani, Epifano, Epifaneo, Eban (Hebrew), Eben (English, Hebrew, and Welsh), Ebenn, Ebin, Ebun, and Efan.
† approx English pronunciation for Effyom: EH as in "ebb (EH.B)" ; F as in "fee (F.IY)" ; IY as in "eat (IY.T)" ; AA as in "odd (AA.D)" ; M as in "me (M.IY)"
Meaning of Effyom Meaning of Effiom Meaning of Efeom Meaning of Effeom Meaning of Efiom Meaning of Efyom
Baby Name Explorer for Effyom
Effyom Popularity Charts
blue:boy name
red:girl name
italics:unisex name
bold:primary name


text:
Chantal David (Concordia).
Let Gm,k := Z/mZ
× Z/mkZ be an abelian group of rank 2 and order N = mk
does there exist a ﬁnite ﬁeld Fp and an elliptic curve E/Fp such that E(Fp )
≃ Gm,k? We
show that this happens with probability 0 when k is very small with respect to m, and
with probability 1 when k is big enough with respect to m. The fact that the groups Gm,k
are more likely to occur when k is big is reminiscent of the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics which
predict that a random abelian group G occurs with probability weighted by _TAG_/_TAG_(G).
By counting the average number of times that a given group Gm,k occurs over the ﬁnite
ﬁelds Fp (and not simply when a given group occurs or not), we are able to verify that
the probability of occurrence of the groups Gm,k is indeed weighted by the Cohen-Lenstra
This is joint work with V. Chandee, D. Koukoulopoulos and E. Smith.


text:
Introduction and usage
This document is the manual for the EM24 three phase max 65 A per phase Energy Meter. As shown in the picture above.
The Energy Meter can be used as a:
- Grid meter, and used as control input for an ESS System.
- Measure the output of a PV Inverter
- Measure the output of a AC Genset
For all above usages, the meter is connected to the GX device. For a full overview of all available & GX-compatible Energy Meters, read the Energy Meters Start page and Energy Meter Product page.
This chapter concerns the EM24 models using an RS485 data connection.
For wiring RS485, there are two options:
- Direct connection, either using the RS485 to USB interface with 1.8m cable length, or the 5.0m cable.
- Wireless connection via Zigbee


What you need to do when experience airbag explosion and get burned
Updated Aug 16, 2022 | Same topic: Let's Drive Smart!
Though designed to save our lives, airbags can also injure ourselves too. Here's how to deal with airbag burns or explosion!
Airbags play an important role in driver and passenger safety during car crashes. These reduce the risk of serious injury and death caused by accidents. However, airbags can also cause friction, thermal, and chemical burns.
Luckily, most cases of airbag burns heal without complications and are relatively minor. In this article from Philkotse.com, we will dig deeper and learn how to properly treat airbag burns.
Part 1: Respond to the injury immediately
Step 1: Usually, airbag burns are the second degree in severity. This means these need medical attention. The most commonly affected areas are the hands, neck, and face. Any types of burns in these areas should be examined by a medical practitioner, especially when the burn is chemical in nature.
Seeking medical treatment will also address any wounds that may be prone to infection.
Calling medical assistance\
Seek medical treatment as soon as possible because burns of any type are prone to infection
Step 2: Immediately remove any jewelry and clothing near the burn because these swell quickly. These items can restrict the flow of blood and it will be hard to remove from swollen spots.
In case there's clothing stuck or melted to the burn, do not attempt to remove it yourself. Instead, cut around it, leaving the stuck or melted patch in place. Let emergency services handle it.
Blisters
Clothing or jewelry can restrict the flow of blood and will be hard to remove from swollen spots
Step 3: Start irrigation by flushing or running the burn in cool or lukewarm water for at least 20 minutes. This should be done as soon as possible. There might be chemical agents present in the burn so it needs to be thoroughly flushed with as much water as possible to wash away the corrosive and toxic substances.
If the affected area is the eyes, continuously flush it while holding the eyelids open for 15 to 20 minutes. It will be easier if you do this in the shower, if possible.
You can use either a Ringer's lactate solution or saline solution in large quantities if you have access to these. But, usually, water is used because it is more likely to be available. Additionally, the burns need to be flushed continuously even while transporting to the hospital.
>>> Read more: 8 must-have items for your car emergency kit.
Part 2: Seek medical attention
Step 1: Patients need to undergo a litmus test to identify the acidity or alkalinity of the burn. This should be done once the patient arrives at the hospital. Alkaline chemical burns can be acquired from car airbags. If the pH is higher than seven, the burn is chemical. To lower the Ph, the burn needs to be flushed with water.
litmus test
Patients need to undergo a litmus test to identify the acidity or alkalinity of the burn
There's no need to flush the burn for several hours if the pH is neutral or the pH is 7. You can proceed with applying the ointment and dressing the wound.
Step 2: Use a saline solution or water when flushing an alkaline chemical burn to bring the pH back to 7. This could take two to 12 hours to normalize.
flushing burns
Use a saline solution or water when flushing an alkaline chemical burn
Step 3: A medical professional or a doctor will apply a topical antibiotic to the burns. It will aid in preventing infection and will also keep the affected skin moisturized. Commonly, you will also be prescribed a topical ointment at home.
Step 4: After the application of the antibiotic ointment, the doctor will dress the wound using a non-adhesive bandage or sterile gauze. It's recommended to keep the dressing in place for 24 hours. After that, you can change it once or twice a day.
Most airbag burns are relatively minor and only require flushing and dressing. Other treatments like skin grafts for severe cases of burns probably won't be needed.
Step 5: Most probably, the doctor or medical professional will explain to you the proper care instructions like how often how you need to wash the wound, apply antibiotic ointment, and change the wound's dressing. Instructions depend on the severity of the burn. It is important to listen carefully and take note of what the doctor is telling.
>>> Also read: Early warning device for cars: Must-have safety tool for every Pinoy driver.
Part 3: Recovering from the burn
Step 1: In cases of severe airbag burns, doctors usually prescribe pain relievers. Commonly, an over-the-counter pain reliever is recommended. Take the prescribed medication as instructed.
Pain relievers
Doctors may prescribe pain relievers for burns if needed
Step 2: The dressing should be kept in place for 24 to 48 hours or longer depending on what the doctor recommends. You should remove the dressing dry and not soaked in water to help clear debris and dead tissue.
Step 3: Wash the area carefully using lukewarm water, antimicrobial soap and a clean piece of cloth. Test the temperature of the water first before flushing it over the wound.
The burn is sensitive to cold and hot temperatures. Also, avoid using liquid soaps that have alcohol in them because it could cause further damage to the wound.
car airbag
Avoid using liquid soaps that have alcohol in them because it could cause further damage to the wound
Step 4: Use a lint-free gauze or cotton swab to apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment on the burn. Do not double touch or dip the gauze or swab to the ointment container after using it on the wound. Dispose of the gauze or swab properly and make sure it will not come into contact with any surfaces after using it to the burn.
Step 5: Redress the burn with a non-adhesive bandage or sterile gauze after washing and applying ointment. You can do this procedure once or twice a day or as recommended by the doctor. Consult your doctor about specific instructions, as you might not need to cover a burn with gauze.
airbags
Airbags play an important role in driver and passenger safety during car crashes
Step 6: You must not miss follow-up checkups, probably within one or two weeks. The doctor will check if the burn is healing properly, examine it for scarring, or check for changes in pigmentation. Usually, a burn will take around two to four weeks to heal, but it still depends on its severity.
Step 7: Seek immediate medical attention if the burn starts to be painful, seeps pus, smells bad, looks red, does not show healing within one or two weeks, feels hot to touch, and if you develop a fever.
These are signs of infection and may need additional medical treatment. If left untreated, it might result in a medical emergency.
Hanna Sanchez
Hanna Sanchez
Author
Hanna is one of the most competitive swimmers in the country during her day. It was not long before she discovered her passion for the automotive industry as well. Nowadays, she balances her passion through writing as well as coaching.
View more


means that little code is required to use them, although this comes at the expense of flexibility.
 Typically, these objects are used for simple tasks such as dragging a rectangle or creating a new line. Operations that involve moving the vertices of existing geometries require the feedback objects to be used instead. The TrackNew method takes two parameters: an IScreenDisplay object representing the ScreenDisplay to draw the rubber band and an ISymbol object for drawing the rubber band. If no symbol is given, the default symbol is used. The method returns a new geometry object - the type of geometry returned depends on the class that was used. RubberPolygon returns a polygon object. If the method fails to complete, that is, if you press the Esc key, then nothing is returned. The types of geometry that are returned for TrackNew by each rubber band object are as follows:
 The TrackExisting method also takes ScreenDisplay and Symbol parameters as well as IGeometry representing the input geometry. This last parameter represents the geometry to move on the screen and is passed by reference so that it can be altered by the rubberband operation. The method returns a Boolean, which will be true unless the operation was interrupted by the Esc key being pressed. The method will do nothing if the geometry that is passed in does not intersect the current mouse location. The types of geometry that are expected by TrackExisting for each rubber band object are as follows:
 - RubberCircle - Not implemented
 - RubberEnvelope - IEnvelope
 - RubberLine - IPolyline
 - RubberPoint - IPoint
 - RubberPolygon - IPolygon
 - RubberRectangularPolygon - IPolygon
 For additional information, see Sample: RubberBand zoom.
 The selection tracker objects are shown in the following diagram:
 The three types of selection tracker objects are as follows:
 - An envelope tracker allows you to move and resize the element. This functionality is implemented by the EnvelopeTracker object for all element types, including point, line, polygon, and group elements.
 - A vertex edit tracker allows you to move vertices of lines, polygons, curves, and curved text. This functionality is implemented by the LineTracker and PolygonTracker objects.
 - A callout tracker allows you to move a text callout. This functionality is implemented by the CalloutTracker object.
 The CancelTracker object is used by ArcObjects to monitor the Esc key (optionally, the space bar and mouse clicks as well) and terminate processes at your request.
 For additional information, see Selection trackers.
 A representation class is also called a feature class representation. It is associated with a collection of representation rules to symbolize features and store that information in the geodatabase. It allows the geometry and properties of features to be altered from the rule without disrupting the associated spatial data. Representations are representations of individual features participating in a representation class. RepresentationClass, RepresentationRules, and Representation are objects in the Geodatabase library.
 RepresentationRules is a collection of one or more individual RepresentationRule objects that are used to categorize features in a geodatabase into groups. A regular representation rule consists of multiple layers of basic symbols such as BasicMarkerSymbol, BasicLineSymbol, or BasicFillSymbol for drawing markers, line strokes, and fill patterns, respectively. All basic symbol classes implement the IBasicSymbol interface.
 More complex symbology can be achieved by including one or more geometric effects in a representation rule. A geometric effect is a dynamic process that alters geometry at draw time. It can even change geometry type. For example, point, line, or polygon geometries can be processed through GeometricEffectBuffer to produce buffer polygons around them.
 All representation rule objects support the IRepresentationRule interface. Use the LayerCount and Layer properties to get the total number of symbol layers and to retrieve individual symbol layers at a given index. The InsertLayer method can be used to insert a symbol layer into a representation rule. You can specify the index and basic symbol as input values. Use the RemoveLayer method to remove a specific symbol layer present in the representation rule given its index.
 RepresentationRule also implements IRepresentationRuleInit, which is useful for transforming a regular ArcGIS symbol to a basic symbol. Since only basic symbols are used to construct a representation rule, it is important to transform a regular symbol to a basic symbol to use it with representations.
 For additional information, see Cartographic representations.
 A basic marker symbol is used to draw marker symbols and has marker, size, and angle as its graphic attributes. These attributes can be managed using the IGraphicAttributes interface. The attributes are listed in the esriGraphicAttribute enumeration and are prefixed with esriGAMarker - for example, esriGAMarkerSize. All basic marker symbol classes implement IBasicMarkerSymbol, which has a single MarkerPlacement property.
 Marker placement objects are marker placement styles for placing markers. You can place single or multiple markers depending on the marker placement you choose. For example, MarkerPlacementOnPoint places a single marker over a point, while MarkerPlacementAlongLine places multiple markers along a line. The default marker placement for any basic marker symbol is MarkerPlacementOnPoint. Use IMarkerPlacement to create and manipulate the properties of placement styles.
 The esriMarkerPlacementAttributes enumeration lists graphic attributes for all marker placements where each attribute is prefixed with esriGA(name)(attribute), such as esriGAInsidePolygonGridAngle, where MarkerPlacementInsidePolygon is the marker placement style and GridAngle is its graphic attribute.
 Examples of basic marker symbols are shown in the following graphic:
 The following table lists the available marker placement styles along with their valid input geometry types and graphic attributes:
 Marker placement
 Valid input geometry
 Graphic attributes
 - Line
 - Polygon
 - Step
 - Endings
 - Control points
 - Angle to line
 - Line
 - Type
 - Offset
 - Angle to line
 - Line
 - Polygon
 - Number of positions
 - Begin gap
 - End gap
 - Flip all
 - Flip first
 - Angle to line
 - Polygon
 - X step
 - Y step
 - Grid angle
 - Shift odd rows
 - X offset
 - Y offset
 - Clipping
 - Line
 - Polygon
 - Position
 - Relative to
 - Angle to line
 - Point
 - X offset
 - Y offset
 - Line
 - Polygon
 - On end points
 - On control points
 - On regular vertices
 - Angle to line
 - Polygon
 - X offset
 - Y offset
 - Center method
 - Center clipping
 - Line
 - Polygon
 - Step
 - Endings
 - Control points
 - Random
 - Skew effect
 - Polygon
 - X offset
 - Y offset
 - Clipping
 - Line
 - Polygon
 - Step
 - Endings
 - Control points
 - Min zoom
 - Max zoom
 - Zoom number
 - Method
 - Offset
 A basic line symbol is used to draw stroke symbols. All basic line symbol classes implement IBasicLineSymbol, which has a single Stroke property. LineStroke has width, caps, joins, and color as its graphic attributes. These attributes can be manipulated using the IGraphicAttributes interface. The attributes are listed in the esriGraphicAttribute enumeration and are prefixed with esriGAStroke, such as esriGAStrokeWidth. Use ILineStroke to create and manipulate the properties of a new stroke symbol.
 A basic fill symbol is used to draw fill symbols. All basic fill symbol classes implement IBasicFillSymbol, which has a single FillPattern property. The three fill patterns and their graphic attributes are shown in the following table:
 Fill pattern
 Graphic attributes
 - Color
 - Color1
 - Color2
 - Pattern style
 - Interval
 - Percent
 - Algorithm
 - Angle
 - Color
 - Width
 - Angle
 - Step
 - Offset
 These attributes can be manipulated using the IGraphicAttributes interface. The attributes are listed in the esriGraphicAttribute enumeration and are prefixed with esriGA(fill pattern type), such as esriGASolidColorPatternColor. Use IFillPattern to create and manipulate the properties of a new Fill Pattern symbol.
 Fill patterns of BasicFillSymbol are shown in the following graphic from left to right: solid, hatch, and gradient:
 GeometricEffect and GeometricEffects
 Geometric effects are dynamic processes that alter the geometry of features. A single representation rule can contain multiple geometric effects, functioning in sequence to create complex symbols. When a single RepresentationRule object is applied with a chain of geometric effects, the end result of applying the chain of effects can be considered and managed as a single geometric effect. For this reason, the RepresentationRule class inherits both the IGeometricEffect and IGeometricEffects interfaces. The result of geometric effects applied on a rule are directly passed to all basic symbol layers present in the rule for drawing features. While IGeometricEffects is useful to browse through individual geometric effects participating in the rule, IGeometricEffect is useful to manage the chain of multiple geometric effects as a single geometric effect.
 For example, as shown in the following illustration, if there are two geometric effects - GeometricEffectDash and GeometricEffectOffset - applied on line strokes in sequential order, you can


.1. Definition
Group Type: av1f
Container: Sample Group Description Box ('sgpd')
Mandatory: No
Quantity: Zero or more .
2.5.2. Description
The AV1ForwardKeyFrameSampleGroupEntry documents samples that contain a Delayed Random Access Point that are followed at a given distance in the bitstream by a Key Frame Dependent Recovery Point.
2.5.3. Syntax
class AV1ForwardKeyFrameSampleGroupEntry
extends VisualSampleGroupEntry('av1f')
{
 unsigned int(8) fwd_distance;
}
2.5.4. Semantics
The fwd_distance field indicates the number of samples between this sample and the next sample containing the associated Key Frame Dependent Recovery Point. 0 means the next sample.
2.6. AV1 Multi-Frame sample group entry
2.6.1. Definition
Group Type: av1m
Container: Sample Group Description Box ('sgpd')
Mandatory: No
Quantity: Zero or more .
2.6.2. Description
The AV1MultiFrameSampleGroupEntry documents samples that contain multiple frames.
2.6.3. Syntax
class AV1MultiFrameSampleGroupEntry
extends VisualSampleGroupEntry('av1m')
{
}
2.7. AV1 Switch Frame sample group entry
2.7.1. Definition
Group Type: av1s
Container: Sample Group Description Box ('sgpd')
Mandatory: No
Quantity: Zero or more .
2.7.2. Description
The AV1SwitchFrameSampleGroupEntry documents samples that start with a Switch Frame.
2.7.3. Syntax
class AV1SwitchFrameSampleGroupEntry
extends VisualSampleGroupEntry('av1s')
{
}
2.8. AV1 Metadata sample group entry
2.8.1. Definition
Group Type: av1M
Container: Sample Group Description Box ('sgpd')
Mandatory: No
Quantity: Zero or more .
2.8.2. Description
The AV1MetadataSampleGroupEntry documents samples that contain metadata OBUs. The grouping_type_parameter can be used to identify samples containing metadata OBUs of a given type. If no grouping_type_parameter is provided, the sample group entry identifies samples containing metadata OBUs for which the metadata_type is unknown.
2.8.3. Syntax
class AV1MetadataSampleGroupEntry
extends VisualSampleGroupEntry('av1M')
{
}
For this sample group entry, the grouping_type_parameter syntax is as follows:
{
 unsigned int (8) metadata_type;
 unsigned int (24) metadata_specific_parameters;
}
2.8.4. Semantics
metadata_type is a 8-bit field whose value is the value of the metadata_type field defined in [AV1], when it is equal or lower than 255. metadata_type values above 255 are not supported by this sample group.
metadata_specific_parameters provides an additional part of the grouping_type_parameter, which MAY be used to distinguish different sample groups having the same metadata_type but different sub-parameters. In this version of the specification, metadata_specific_parameters is only defined when metadata_type is set to METADATA_TYPE_ITUT_T35 in which case its value SHALL be set to the first 24 bits of the metadata_itut_t35 structure. For other types of metadata, its value SHOULD be set to 0. In all cases, when the grouping_type_parameter is used, readers processing sample groups SHALL use the entire value of grouping_type_parameter.
NOTE: The current design is constrained to using only 3 bytes for ITU-T T.35 identification, which typically suffices for the itu_t_t35_country_code and the itu_t_t35_terminal_provider_code identification. Consequently, inspection of the payload becomes essential if an implementation aims to determine the values of subsequent bytes, for instance, the itu_t_t35_terminal_provider_oriented_code.
3. CMAF AV1 track format
[CMAF] defines structural constraints on ISOBMFF files additional to [ISOBMFF] for the purpose of, for example, adaptive streaming or for protected files. Conformance to these structural constraints is signaled by the presence of the brands cmfc or cmf2 in the FileTypeBox.
NOTE: It is important to note that while the cmf2 brand does not introduce any new requirements compared to the previously defined cmfc brand, it further restricts the cmfc constraints.
For compatibility reasons, when the cmf2 brand is used, the cmfc brand SHOULD also be included in the FileTypeBox.
If a CMAF Video Track uses the brand av01, it is called a CMAF AV1 Track and the following constraints, defining the CMAF Media Profile for AV1, apply:
When protected, CMAF AV1 Tracks SHALL use the signaling defined in [CMAF], which in turn relies on [CENC], with the provisions specified in § 4 Common Encryption.
4. Common Encryption
CMAF AV1 Tracks and non-segmented AV1 files MAY be protected. If protected, they SHALL conform to [CENC]. Files SHOULD be protected using the cbcs protection scheme and MAY be protected using the cenc protection scheme. When the protected scheme cenc is used, samples SHALL be protected using subsample encryption and SHALL NOT use pattern encryption. When the protected scheme cbcs is used, samples SHALL be protected using subsample encryption and SHALL use pattern encryption. [CENC] recommends that the Block Pattern length be 10, i.e. crypt_byte_block + skip_byte_block = 10, where a Block is of size 16-bytes. In this specification, the combination of crypt_byte_block and skip_byte_block SHALL be one of the following, with the first one being recommended:
4.1. General Subsample Encryption constraints
Within protected samples, the following constraints apply:
4.2. Subsample Encryption Illustration
Figure #1 illustrates Subsample based encryption of AV1.
Subsample-based AV1 encryption
Subsample-based AV1 encryption.
5. Codecs Parameter String
DASH and other applications require defined values for the Codecs parameter specified in [RFC6381] for ISO Media tracks. The codecs parameter string for the AOM AV1 codec is as follows:
<sample entry 4CC>.<profile>.<level><tier>.<bitDepth>.<monochrome>.<chromaSubsampling>.
<colorPrimaries>.<transferCharacteristics>.<matrixCoefficients>.<videoFullRangeFlag>
All fields following the sample entry 4CC are expressed as double digit decimals, unless indicated otherwise. Leading or trailing zeros cannot be omitted.
The profile parameter value, represented by a single digit decimal, SHALL equal the value of seq_profile in the Sequence Header OBU. The level parameter value SHALL equal the first level value indicated by seq_level_idx in the Sequence Header OBU. The tier parameter value SHALL be equal to M when the first seq_tier value in the Sequence Header OBU is equal to 0, and H when it is equal to 1. The bitDepth parameter value SHALL equal the value of BitDepth variable as defined in [AV1] derived from the Sequence Header OBU. The monochrome parameter value, represented by a single digit decimal, SHALL equal the value of mono_chrome in the Sequence Header OBU. The chromaSubsampling parameter value, represented by a three-digit decimal, SHALL have its first digit equal to subsampling_x and its second digit equal to subsampling_y. If both subsampling_x and subsampling_y are set to 1, then the third digit SHALL be equal to chroma_sample_position, otherwise it SHALL be set to 0.
The colorPrimaries, transferCharacteristics, matrixCoefficients, and videoFullRangeFlag parameter values are set as follows:
NOTE: It is encouraged that a colr box be present. The colr box simplifies the task of the codecs parameter generator.
NOTE: If the encoded video uses a color space that is not registered in [CICP] and the file doesn't explicitly code 2/2/2 either in the colr box or in the Sequence Header OBU (with color_description_present_flag set to 1), the derived codecs parameter string will declare ITU-R BT.709 (1/1/1). To avoid this behavior, a colr box should be used.
The videoFullRangeFlag is represented by a single digit.
If the codecs parameter string ends with ".0.110.01.01.01.0" (containing all the default values below), that trailing part of the string SHOULD be omitted.
For example, codecs="av01.0.04M.10.0.112.09.16.09.0" represents AV1 Main Profile, level 3.0, Main tier, 10-bit content, non-monochrome, with 4:2:0 chroma subsampling co-located with (0, 0) luma sample, ITU-R BT.2100 color primaries, ITU-R BT.2100 PQ transfer