Lots of you have been asking for a print output to Excel (this has come up in discussions at user groups, in e-mail threads, and in the comments to my blog entry regarding RTF files). I've been giving this one some thought, and honestly, I don't believe that Excel makes sense as a "print" format. I am not saying that I don't see a need for programmatic Excel spreadsheet generation, I just don't know how a spreadsheet would map to a printable output.
As I see it (and as I've been demonstrating for the past three weeks), there are two distinct needs when it comes to printing from within ColdFusion apps:
1) Printing web pages: essentially compensating for the pathetic printing support in most browsers, allowing for content (text, images, alignment, tables, etc.) to be printed so that pages and breaks and wrapping all work properly. Being able to create PDF, FlashPaper, or RTF versions of web pages makes lots of sense. The intent is to generate something that is printable, and those all are. But this type of printing makes absolutely no sense as an Excel spreadsheet, there is no way to map freeform content to Excel rows and cells in any way that would actually be useful or relevant.
2) Reporting: data driven template based reports that display data in a structured format, supporting bands, running calculations, charting, and more. Supporting the same print formats makes sense too. Unlike the printing scenario described above, the type of data presented in reports is a bit more structured and so it may indeed be a fit for Excel spreadsheets. But, I still don't quite understand how it could all work. Spreadsheets are 2 dimensional data views (essentially data grids, with a possible 3rd dimension if tabs are used), and reports really are not grids at all. After all, if you were to indent a total in your report, what spreadsheet cell would you want it in? And if you used a sum function would you expect the value or an Excel sum function to be embedded? And if you used nested bands with headers and footers, what would those map to? What would rows line up to? There is way too much potential ambiguity here, and the reality of it would likely be that the generated spreadsheet would never be exactly what you intended. To generate accurate spreadsheet content you would need to either a) explicitly put content in specific cells (using APIs for explicit cell manipulation), or b) be able to generate a grid type view with enough control so that it may be intelligently mapped to cells. And honestly, both seem like a lot of trouble for not much upside. Especially as you can already use other techniques to generate Excel content, including generating CSV content, and generating HTML tables which Excel can process properly (mapping HTML table cells to Excel spreadsheet cells, once you have done the work of determining exactly what to place in each cell, Excel can handle the importing quite nicely).
I may be way off base here, but it seems that the use case for Excel is very different from that of PDF or even RTF. The latter are great as print formats, I buy that. But Excel is not a print format at all, it is a tool used for data analysis, and that may result in charting and reporting, but not necessarily so. Or, put differently, data is not sent to Excel merely to be able to print it, that would make little sense. Data is sent to Excel to be manipulated, to perform calculations, to generate charts, and more. This may ultimately be printed, but the primary objective is the data manipulation that Excel offers, not the fact that it can print.
As such, I think that if ColdFusion were to generate Excel content then the interface to it should not be printing or reporting at all. It sounds like users want an "export" feature, a way to take a database query and export it to some other useful format, like Excel (or even XML). I can see a tag like this:
Or maybe functions like:#QueryToCSV(myQuery)#
#QueryToXML(myQuery)#
Both interfaces make sense (and have pros and cons), and both would allow you to simply generate Excel content (perhaps with column names as the top row, and then data in specific cells). Maybe we could even allow additional functionality to better manipulate specific cells (to set values, add formatting or functions, and more), we'd need to think that one through in more detail.
The more I think of it, the more I agree that Excel spreadsheet generation makes a lot of sense, and the more I feel that the use case and usage patterns require a slightly different way of thinking.
Your thoughts?
25 thoughts
 1. and, if you want to add formatting/features specific to excel, you can use something like the apache project's POI (hssf) library. I've had good results using it from CFMX.
 2. I absolutely agree with you here. Unfortunately, I confused generating Excel files and using Excel files for print output.
 The ability to generate/save "stuff" as Excel in an easy way would be great.
 3. Ben, I don't like my users doing things out of what I build them, but they do. My clients like spreadsheets full of data that they can use outside of the systems that we build for them. Some import it into other systems, some use it for reports, some just like having it.
 I don't like it, but that's what they want. They also want mailing labels, name tags, etc. Which is perfect for RTF.
 PDF is nice for everything else.
 4. I agree that Export to Excel is geared towards data analysis rather than presentation. Ideally I'd like to be able to export the data into a range (named or defined) on a specific sheet within a pre-existing workbook. That way you can create pivot tables, VLOOKUPs and such like and just replace the data. Certainly the ability to target a sheet (or create a new one) within a workbook is very important (without it what's the point?)
 Shame on you no 3D capability! We have Excel here that slices and dices the data like an epileptic sushi chef. My current favourite has 42 sheets for man hours analysis. I'd like to add I don't do any Excel development just an odd data dump to workbooks the finance bods here build.
 I keep trying to convince them that OLAP is the way to go but what do I know about it 🙁
 5. Why not using for ex. <cfsavecontent>?
 Try to reuse as much tags as possible, or else you get much like a tagsoup.
 6. I have done some limited CF to Excel spreadsheet generation after reading "Excel's Web Query" in the Dec2001 version of CFDev Journal . Is a hidden feature of Excel not very well publicied but helps start things off. From memory I did manage to get simple SUM commands to export to excel, and colours etc, was kind of through trial error more than anything else.
 _URL_
 don't know if this could help anyone ?
 Cheers
 Andrew
 7. I agree that output to excel is unrelated to the print format topic of pdf, rtf, and flashpaper.
 Excel tends to be used for data manipulation, the other formats are for presentation.
 In your list of functions, we would also benefit from CSVToQuery and XMLToQuery, wouldn't we?
 – Calvin
 8. In generating content to an Excel spreadsheet, will it be possible to have the output stored in different worksheets (tabs) within the same workbook? This is a feature that our users have asked for. Some of the custom tags that offer this capability require that Excel be installed on the Web server and that's not allowed in our case.
 9. I think if you want to work with Excel you might as well use ODBC. I found it pretty easy to write SQL that could read and update Excel spreadsheets. If anyone is interested I can send you an example CFMX tag. _EMAIL_
 10. There are two big things Excel offers that others solutions don't. First, you can use Excel to design a template which has can be formatted for viewing and printing. Once you have a template it is really easy to just fill in the data –especially if you use my custom tag. Second, Excel allows you to not only place data in cells, but also formulas. This is a really powerful feature that allows end users to get reports that can also be used for "what if" scenarios by changing specific cells and watching the others update.
 11. We all know ColdFusion can generate Excel with CFHEADER and CFCONTENT, but rather then outputting html tables, xml can be used â€"
 <cfsetting showdebugoutput="no">
 <CFHEADER NAME="Content-Disposition" VALUE="filename=file.xls">
 <cfcontent type="application/msexcel"><?xml version="1.0"?>
 <?mso-application progid="Excel.Sheet"?>
 Then sophisticated formatting like cell rotation can be used:
 <Style ss:ID="s21"><Alignment ss:Vertical="Bottom" ss:Rotate="90"


text:
Revista mexicana de biodiversidad
versión impresa ISSN _PHONE_
The species of Psocoptera currently known for Brazil are listed, with state distribution and biogeographic status. The categories of geographic distribution are discussed, as well as some of the evidence indicating that the present size of the Brazilian fauna is underestimated.
Palabras llave : Psocodea; Psocoptera; Brazil; geographic distribution.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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| < November >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Number of Wet Days (probability of rain on a day)
|Average Sunlight per day
|Average Daylight per day
|Sunny (Cloudy) Daylight Hours
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Rome in November is quite mild at 11.4 °C (52.52 °F).
- Afternoons can be very mild with average high temperatures reaching 16.7 °C (62.1 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally cool with an average low of 6.1 °C (43 °F).
- The mean daily temperature variation/ range in November is 10.6 °C (19.1 °F).
- The weather in November is not exactly dry with rain at times. Some 120.2mm (4.7in) of fluid is transfered across on average 10 days.
- The blue above Rome is somewhat dreary having an average of a mere 3:58 of dazzling sunshine daily.
- The shortest day is 9:21 long and the longest day is 10:17 long with an average length of 9:46.
- There are approximately 5:37 per day when bright sunshine is absent due to cloud, haze or the sun being too low on the horizon to register.
- It is sunny approximately 41.3% of daylight hours and cloudy 58.7% of daylight hours.
Check the distance to and compare the Rome November averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for November in Rome, Italy
Navigate to November Weather in Locations Surrounding Rome:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The data protection keyword is one of the most essential things on FriendsBASE, but it is not necessary.
You have to type a keyword BEFORE start typing your data (friends, telephone numbers etc.). Only in that way will be encrypted correctly. Notice that if you forget the keyword there is no way to recover your valuable data.
In order to create a keyword you just type into (1) a word or a number that contain up to 8 characters.
To ensure that the keyword is ok just click (2).
NOTICE that you have to type your keyword correctly when FriendsBASE asks for it, when it starts, else you cannot even start FriendsBASE.


text:
producing levels in the 1–10 ng/mL range. Active smokers almost always have levels higher than 10 ng/mL and sometimes higher than 500 ng/mL (Hukkanen et al., 2005).Does vaping show up as cotinine? ›
Following design of studies, plasma nicotine Cmax was observed between 0 and 5 ng/mL (no significant changes) or between 13.9 and 16.3 ng/mL (similar to a tobacco cigarette) with a Tmax between 70 and 75 minutes. Cotinine levels after "vaping" an e-cigarette are similar to a tobacco cigarette.Can you get a false positive for nicotine in urine? ›
False Positive Testing
Exposure to secondhand smoke is usually not enough to trigger a false positive result. Although, being exposed to frequent or very high levels of secondhand smoke may cause someone to test positive for nicotine use.
The analysis of the subgroup who reported daily use show non-statistically significantly higher serum cotinine levels in electronic cigarette smokers versus combustible cigarette smokers (β adj = 52.50, P = 0.10).How many puffs of a vape is equal to a cigarette? ›
Around 14 puffs would be equal to one cigarette and a 60 ml bottle of 3 mg e liquid would be equal to 15 cigarettes. People also ask how much nicotine is in a juul, one pod is equivalent to 20 cigarettes.
At 200 puffs, this is 14.4-32.8 mg of nicotine per pod with equivalence to 13-30 cigarettes. A study measuring nicotine levels in JUUL users during a 5-day controlled switch found equivalence to 18 cigarettes.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
This book is a compilation of village level data collected through participatory GIS techniques. Participatory exercises were transferred to a GIS and overlayed with other spatial information, including satellite imageries, to be used for local level planning. The booklet showcases the power of participatory GIS as a tool for involving communities in a process of quantitative assessments of natural resources and their use and management.
The Village Resource Handbook
Booklets and Manuals
Anupama Pai, Benjamin Larroquette, Dandhapani S, Gaspard Appavou, Neil W. Pelkey, Rajendran K, Saravanan S, Shivarajan R, Srinivas V. 2004. The village resource handbook. 1st ed. Pondicherry, India: Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy and Learning.


text:
Do you keep the first-calf heifers and older cows on one group? Or do you house them separately? This is a continuing challenge for many dairy farms. Sensors can help farmers by showing the effects of grouping strategies and assist farmers in making the right decisions.
Heifers have the highest genetic potential. However, many heifers struggle to meet that potential, especially when competing with older cows. Sensors can help to see what is happening when these young cows enter the milking herd. This was shown by Sense of Sensors, the field study from Nedap, Vetvice Consultancy, Utrecht University and Wageningen University.
When first-calf heifers are separated, feed intake, lying time and hence milk production is increased. Photo: Bertil van Beek
Heifers need their own space
Heifers need their own space to be able to perform best. This was demonstrated by earlier studies that show that when first-calf heifers are separated, feed intake, lying time and hence milk production is increased. "Many farmers don't realise that heifers represent a separate group of animals. They exhibit specific behaviour and have specific needs," according to Associate Professor Frank van Eerdenburg of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Utrecht, the Netherlands. One of the participating commercial dairy farms from the Sense of Sensors field study decided to go from mixed pens to a separate heifer group, as he was not happy with the milk production of the heifers when housed in the mixed pens. A comparison before and after this management change shows the benefits of a separate heifer group (Table 1). By using sensors it could be shown that in a separate group, the heifers have a higher lying time, make less steps and a similar feeding time ultimately resulting in 6% milk production increase. And this is the data from real cows on the farm.
Number of steps as indicator
But not every farmer has the possibility or is willing to create separate heifer groups. For these type of farms, the question is more when to introduce a heifer in the milking herd. Do you introduce the heifer immediately after calving or is it better to wait a few days?
In the field study this was further explored by using the data on the extra number of steps of the heifers compared to the older cows. The number of steps a cow makes is considered a measure for stress. It is known that the number of steps made by heifers is higher than older cows. The question to be answered was if this increase is related to the moment that the heifers are introduced in the group. Introducing heifers after 3 days resulted in more stress than introduction right after calving. This would indicate that it is better to introduce heifers quickly after calving (Table 2). According to Prof van Eerdenburg, on the day of calving, heifers are in the defence mode, because of their new-born calf. This is hormonally driven. Results therefore showed that when heifers are introduced at the day of calving, they can better compete with the older cows, because they fight instead of run-and-hide.
Spare heifers from competition
Taken all this knowledge together, backed up by the data generated from the sensors, it is clear that first-calf heifers perform better if they have little competition. Overcrowded mixed pens cause excessive competition for feed and stalls. This has a huge impact, especially on heifers. US research has shown that a stocking density of 110% doubled the milk production difference between heifers and cows, which means that milk production stays behind for the heifers. This is because heifers are the first group to suffer from an overcrowded pen, reflected in reduced feeding and lying time. With this in mind, the best recommendation remains to group heifers separately and to prevent overcrowding, especially in mixed pens. Every farm is different and with sensor data you are able to determine these effects on your farm under your management conditions.
This is part 1 of a 4 part series on how sensors are making their way to dairy farms around the world and the practical application of it.


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- What does a discretionary tip mean?
- Can I get help with service charges?
- Can I refuse to pay service charge property?
- Why do restaurants charge a service charge?
- Should service charge be paid?
- Can my landlord increase my service charge?
- Is discretionary optional?
- Can you remove service charge?
- What does a flat service charge include?
- How do you calculate service charge?
- What does discretionary mean?
- Who pays ground rent landlord or tenant?
- Can you refuse to pay a discretionary service charge?
- Is the service charge the same as a tip?
- Why do we pay service charge?
- Do I have to pay service charge UK?
- Is service charge optional in London?
What does a discretionary tip mean?
Discretionary means optional so if you're not happy with the service or think the tip is more than you'd like to pay, you don't have to pay it.
The easiest way of avoiding a scene is to hand over your card or cash and inform the waiting staff how much you are paying..
Can I get help with service charges?
A leaseholder may be able get help with paying certain service charges if s/he is claiming income support, income-based jobseeker's allowance, income-related employment support allowance, pension credit or universal credit.
Can I refuse to pay service charge property?
If you can't pay your service charge, or you've fallen into arrears, you should contact the landlord or management company of your property to discuss your options for repaying the arrears. If you don't take steps to deal with the arrears, the freeholder could take court action and you could lose your home.
Why do restaurants charge a service charge?
Most hotels and restaurants in the U.S. charge a service fee that's a percentage of the total bill, often in lieu of tipping. The delivery fee charged for ordering room service at a hotel or a gratuity applied to the bill for a large group dining at a restaurant are examples of service charges.
Should service charge be paid?
"The government has approved guidelines on service charge. As per the guidelines, service charge is totally voluntary and not mandatory now," Paswan said in a tweet. … "If there is mandatory levy of service charge, customers can file a complaint in the Consumer Court," a senior Consumer Affairs Ministry official told.
Can my landlord increase my service charge?
If it is variable it can go up or down and so your landlord can increase your service charge. However, such increase should be reasonable and the law gives leaseholders the right to challenge the increase if this is not reasonable. More information you might find useful: Service Charges and other issues.
Is discretionary optional?
The difference between Discretionary and Optional When used as adjectives, discretionary means available at one's discretion, whereas optional means not compulsory. Optional is also noun with the meaning: something that is not compulsory, especially part of an academic course.
Can you remove service charge?
It is automatically added, but should be shown on your bill as a separate item. You can decide to have it removed and tip the amount you feel is appropriate, or not tip at all.
What does a flat service charge include?
Service charges are payments by the leaseholder to the landlord for all the services the landlord provides. These will include maintenance and repairs, insurance of the building and, in some cases, provision of central heating, lifts, porterage, estate staff, lighting and cleaning of common areas etc.
How do you calculate service charge?
For example, if you're paying $100 per head and invited 150 people to your wedding, you'd multiply to get $15,000 as the total cost. Next, take the percentage of the service charge and convert it into a decimal. For example, a 20- percent service charge would be . 20.
What does discretionary mean?
adjective. subject or left to one's own discretion. for any use or purpose one chooses; not earmarked for a particular purpose: discretionary income; a discretionary fund.
Who pays ground rent landlord or tenant?
Who pays the service charge on my apartment while it's rented out?LandlordTenantsInventory CreationElectricity & Gas BillsGround RentsCouncil Tax & Water RatesService ChargesTV LicenseAnnual Safety ChecksContents Insurance5 more rows
Can you refuse to pay a discretionary service charge?
Service charges are imposed on food bills, either as a "discretionary" or "compulsory" fee. … The customer can only refuse to pay it if the service was poor. Discretionary service charge: Can be added to the bill receipt at the end of the meal, but the customer can decide not to pay it in any case.
Is the service charge the same as a tip?
Tips must also be given freely (without coercion) and the customer giving the tip must be able to determine who receives the payment. Service charges, on the other hand, are any extra fees or predetermined charges added to a customer's bill.
Why do we pay service charge?
Service charges allow a freeholder to recover the costs of providing services such as maintenance under the lease. Individual leaseholders pay a share of the total cost. … Service charges usually cover things like: repairs, maintenance and improvements to communal areas or the building structure.
Do I have to pay service charge UK?
If you are told about a compulsory service charge, you must pay it, unless the service was particularly poor. If you don't get an acceptable level of service, the restaurant could be in breach of contract. Under the Consumer Rights Act it is legally required to use reasonable care and skill when providing its service.
Is service charge optional in London?
No, there's no obligation to tip or to pay an optional service charge.


Home > E-book list > Path Analysis
Garson, G. D. (2014). Path Analysis. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates Publishers.
Register to obtain a password: click here.
Statistical Associates Publishers home page.
About the author
Table of Contents
ASIN number (e-book counterpart to ISBN): ASIN: B0093GKTKS
An illustrated tutorial and introduction to path analysis using SPSS, AMOS, SAS, or Stata. Suitable for introductory graduate-level study.
The 2014 edition is a major update to the 2012 edition. Among the new features are these:
Below is the unformatted table of contents.
Overview 6
Data used in this volume 7
Key Concepts and Terms 7
Estimation 7
Path model 8
Exogenous and endogenous variables 8
Disturbance terms 8
Causal paths 9
Path Coefficients 10
Path coefficents/weights 10
Path multiplication rule 11
Effect decomposition 12
Path analysis example in OLS regression 13
Overview 13
SPSS regression method 14
SAS regression method 16
Stata regression method 17
Path analysis example in SEM 18
SEM example data 18
SEM in SPSS Amos, SAS, and Stata 19
Path analysis in SPSS AMOS 19
AMOS Inputs 19
AMOS outputs: Path estimates 25
AMOS outputs: Partition of total effects 27
AMOS outputs: Goodness of Fit measures 29
AMOS outputs: Correlations 34
AMOS outputs: Modification indexes 35
Path Analysis in SAS PROC CALIS 36
Overview 36
SAS inputs 37
SAS outputs: Path estimates 39
SAS outputs: Partition of total effects 40
SAS outputs: Goodness of fit measures 41
SAS outputs: Correlations 45
SAS outputs: Modification indices 46
Path Analysis in Stata 47
Overview 47
Stata inputs 48
Stata outputs: Path estimates 49
Stata outputs: Partition of total effects 51
Stata outputs: Goodness of fit measures 53
Stata outputs: Correlations 55
Stata outputs: Modification indices 55
Assumptions 57
Linearity 57
Interval level variables 57
Uncorrelated error 58
Proper specification 59
Normally distributed error 59
Low multicollinearity 60
Identification of the model 60
Recursivity 60
Adequate sample size 60
Frequently Asked Questions 61
Does path analysis confirm causation in a model? 61
Can path analysis be used for exploratory rather than confirmatory purposes? 61
How does the significance of a path coefficient compare with the significance of the corresponding regression coefficient? 62
How is the path multiplication rule used in computation of indirect effects? 62
Partition Model A: Simple mediation 63
Partition Model B: Anteceding effect on endogenous variables 64
Partition Model C: Anteceding effect on former exogenous and endogenous variables 66
Partition Model D: Correlated exogenous variables 67
Why might the direct effect be zero? 69
What is Simpson's paradox? 69
What is Berkson's paradox (case-control bias)? 70
How are path coefficients related to a covariance/correlation matrix for purposes of testing a model? 71
How, exactly, can I compute path coefficients in the regression method? 72
How do I compute the value of the path from an error term to an endogenous variable? 73
How can multiple group path analysis determine if the path model differs across groups in my sample? 73
Could I substitute logistic regression when doing effect decomposition? 73
Can path analysis handle hierarchical/multilevel data? 73
What is partial least squares path analysis? 74
What is the historical origin of path analysis? 74
Bibliography 76
Pagecount: 81


How to See How Many Miles Till Empty Mercedes
Mercedes-benz is a global leader in luxury vehicles, offering impeccable design, advanced technology, and superior performance. Whether you're driving a new or used mercedes, it's important to know how far you can go before needing to fuel up or recharge.
Luckily, mercedes-benz vehicles come equipped with an advanced onboard computer system that displays important information, including the estimated range of the vehicle before requiring a refill. By knowing how to check this feature, you can better plan your trips, make informed decisions about gas stations, and avoid running out of fuel unexpectedly.
In this article, we'll explore how to see how many miles till empty mercedes, and why it's important to keep an eye on your vehicle's fuel range.
Understanding the Fuel Gauge in a Mercedes
Credit: _URL_
How To See Miles Till Empty On A Mercedes
If you're a mercedes owner, knowing how many miles you have left before needing to fill up your gas tank is a crucial piece of information. Fortunately, accessing this feature is quick and easy. To view the miles till empty on a mercedes, navigate to the vehicle status screen in your car's instrument cluster.
From here, you'll be able to see your fuel level and the predicted mileage, allowing you to plan your refueling stops accordingly.
Keep in mind that there are tips and tricks to ensure this reading remains accurate, such as avoiding extreme driving conditions and regularly maintaining your vehicle.
Now that you know how to access this feature, you'll be able to hit the road with confidence and peace of mind.
Alternative Ways To Estimate Miles Till Empty Without Miles Till Empty Feature
Estimating miles till empty on a mercedes without the feature is possible. Driving habits and terrain play a big role in fuel consumption. If you're driving on hilly terrain or frequently accelerating and braking, your car will consume more fuel.
Fuel type is also important as diesel engines are up to 30% more fuel-efficient than petrol engines. Keep track of your fuel mileage by observing the number of miles driven per tank. Use this information to estimate how many miles your car can travel on a full tank.
Another way is to always fill the tank to the brim and subtract the number of miles driven from the odometer reading when the low fuel warning lights up. By following these tips, you can estimate your mercedes' miles till empty with reasonable accuracy.
How The Fuel Gauge Works In A Mercedes
The fuel gauge in a mercedes works by measuring the amount of fuel in the tank. It's composed of a needle, indicating the fuel levels, and a float, moving up and down in the fuel tank. The gauge's sensor detects the float's position and relays this information to the fuel gauge on the dashboard.
The mercedes fuel gauge is a significant feature for monitoring fuel levels while on the road, particularly long journeys. With this gauge's help, a vehicle owner can determine how many miles are remaining until the fuel runs out and plan accordingly.
Checking the fuel levels regularly is critical to avoid the inconvenience of running out of gas while driving. Therefore, keeping an eye on your fuel gauge at all times when driving is essential.
Common Mercedes Models That Have A Miles Till Empty Feature
Are you driving a mercedes and wondering how far you can go before needing to refuel? Mercedes cars with a miles till empty feature can help you calculate the estimated distances. Most models with this feature were produced post-2010, and some common models include the c-class, e-class, s-class, and glk-class.
The c-class and e-class have had the feature since 2012, while the s-class and glk-class have had it since 2010. To activate the feature, navigate to the instrument cluster and locate the fuel gauge. You can switch the display from fuel-level percentage to miles till empty.
With this information, you can plan your trips and refuel stops more efficiently, making your driving experience more enjoyable and hassle-free.
Mercedes Fuel Gauge Failure & Diagnostics
Frequently Asked Questions Of How To See How Many Miles Till Empty Mercedes
What Does Miles Till Empty Mean On A Mercedes?
Miles till empty on a mercedes refers to the estimated distance the car can travel before running completely out of fuel. It takes into account factors like current fuel levels and driving habits.
Why Is My Miles Till Empty Decreasing Quickly?
Your miles till empty may be decreasing quickly due to driving habits, such as frequent acceleration or driving at high speeds. It can also be affected by the type of terrain you are driving on.
Conclusion
Having knowledge on how to see how many miles till empty mercedes is important for any mercedes owner. It is essential to be able to gauge when your car needs fuel to avoid running out of gas on the road.
The tips shared in this article are easy to implement and help you keep track of your fuel usage accurately. As a mercedes owner, you can set up your dashboard to display the fuel gauge and mileage remaining in your car.
Also, the type of mercedes car you own may determine the method of checking the miles left till empty. The methods covered in this article are useful and straightforward, providing mercedes owners with easy ways to monitor their fuel usage and plan accordingly.
With the knowledge gained, you are now better equipped to save money on fuel and avoid the inconvenience of running out of gas unexpectedly.


text:
Personalised wearable digital technology can help adults diagnosed with autism understand and manage their anxiety.
Reflecting back on incidents can help people manage their anxiety – though, traditional reflection aids such as written diaries are often abandoned. However, wearable technology could provide the solution.
Human Computer Interaction specialists at Lancaster University have worked with adults diagnosed with autism to create prototype personalised wristband devices called Snap that enable wearers to digitally record data when they are feeling anxious.
In their paper 'Anxiety and Autism: Towards Personalised Digital Health', Lancaster researchers explain how Snap was created following a three-month rapid development process.
Snap enables wearers to record data by stretching the wristband, which is made from natural materials for rapid prototyping. Snap also includes a customisable 3D printed pod containing the computing unit, which uses an Arduino-compatible RFDuino micro controller. This enables users to freely modify and assemble their own devices by tapping into the growing number of community maker movements and open-source software.
Off the shelf wearables, such as the Fitbit, are able to capture data such as gestures, steps, and heart rates, however these devices capture this information passively. Snap records data when the wearer intentionally interacts with it – so they have greater control of the information collection, an important consideration for people diagnosed with autism.
Researchers noticed that people diagnosed with autism have a tendency to play with things in their hands when they are anxious and wanted to digitise this activity. The idea for a wristband came up in the study's workshops.
"We wanted to build our own device and we thought that if we could digitise something they do anyway – play with things in their hands – then that could potentially help them to manage their anxiety," said Dr Will Simm, one of the researchers from Lancaster University School of Computing and Communications. "This is about empowering people with data to reflect about their anxiety."
It is important that Snap can be customisable for the user so they have a greater sense of ownership of the device than an off-the-shelf product.
Through rapid prototyping, the researchers were able to involve adults diagnosed with autism in the design process and it was discovered that the design process itself, and the ability to customise Snap, was therapeutic to the volunteers.
"Our approach has facilitated an understanding and management of anxiety through Snap interactions and data capture," said Dr Simm. "The process of designing and building Snap has enabled our participants to discuss experiences of anxiety in a way their supporters said they had never before articulated."
Another important element of Snap, as expressed by the participants of the research, was that the captured data was retained on the device and could be downloaded onto a computer without reliance on cloud storage.
Previous research on people with autism has revealed the importance of being able to reflect on positive life experiences in addition to anxious moments.
"It was also crucial that the project didn't just focus on the build up to anxious states and so the device can also record data on wearers' positive states as well," said Dr Simm.
Snap also has an additional benefit of signalling to support workers during social settings when the wearer was getting anxious – enabling them to take action.
The researchers are now looking at further developing the prototypes by refining the design and including additional features requested by the autistic study participants, such as a clickable button. An online platform to aid reflection is also being developed that will work with customisable and off-the-shelf wearable devices.
More information about the project, which received funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), is available by visiting _URL_
To find out more about Lancaster University's School of Computing and Communications visit _URL_
The papers authors are Dr Will Simm, Dr Maria Angela Ferrario, Dr Marcia Tavares Smith, Dr Stephen Forshaw and Professor Jon Whittle from Lancaster University's School of Computing and Communications, Adrian Gradinar, from Imagination Lancaster, and Dr Ian Smith from Lancaster University's Division of Health Research.


This article was updated on August 22, 2018.
In many organizations, the HR department acts as the eyes and ears of the workforce. They're supposed to know what employees are thinking and feeling. Businesses can then use the HR perspective to address issues when they occur and understand what employees enjoy about their work.
The Importance of Boundaries
If HR is going to be tuned into what the workforce is thinking, they need to be building rapport with employees. But this can be a tricky subject. HR wants employees to confide in them while, at the same time, they want to respect work boundaries. At every level of the organization, HR should be viewed as objective and impartial. So, how can HR professionals come across as friendly and build rapport without being seen as friends? Here are five things to consider.
1. Set Expectations About the Role of HR
While HR departments have similar functions, it's reasonable to assume every firm views the role of HR a little differently. HR departments would be well served to explain their role during the hiring process and orientation. This can help employees understand how to best work with their HR leaders.
2. Be Approachable and Authentic
Contrary to how some media outlets might portray HR departments, HR professionals are human too. It's perfectly acceptable to let employees see the fun and human side to HR. Employees may be more willing to open up and talk to people they have a connection with.
3. Have a Personal Social Media Policy
In today's technology-driven workplaces, it's important to have a personal philosophy on who you will connect with on social media channels. This is different from an organizational policy. There are several factors to consider such as the best way to handle disciplinary action if you're connected with an employee. HR pros need to ultimately decide the best way to handle social media requests from employees.
4. Don't Be the Last One to Leave a Gathering
Whether it's coffee in the afternoon or drinks after work, employee gatherings can build relationships and start conversations. HR is often invited, and there's nothing wrong with making an appearance. But HR leaders need to be keenly aware of the balance between stopping by and overstaying their welcome.
5. Address Confusion Directly
It's possible that an employee will misinterpret the role of HR. Don't delay or be subtle about addressing these types of situations. Have a private conversation with the employee and explain your role and boundaries that must be in place. They will likely appreciate the upfront honesty and respect.
HR professionals need to create relationships at every level of the organization. Their roles depend on it. So, have some fun and spend time building rapport with employees. It's absolutely possible to do so and still maintain objectivity.
Tags: People Management and Growth Company Culture Employee Engagement and Productivity Large Business Research & Insights Articles HR


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Return to Mathematics Index
Williams, Gwendolyn D. Paul Robeson High School
To show the ratio of pi by revolving a circle one complete time.
The students will learn why the ratio is true.
To allow the students to do the same independent of the teacher's
You need: Two random size pieces of plexiglass.
One screw (long enough to pass through all thickness of the
pieces you use)
One pair of nuts to hold the screw in place.
One aluminum channel no longer than four feet.
To make the circle, cut either piece first. Draw a circle on the
paper covering of the plexiglass or cut random tangents to a squared
piece until it is it is somewhat round. Drill a hole at the center of
the piece large enough to put your screw through. Finding the center
should not be a problem. Once the "round" piece is ready, sand out
the rough spots. Find a thick piece of wood that you can nail the
circle to. After nailing the circle to the wood, go to the sander
and rotate the plexiglass until the rough spots are gone. Draw an
arrow from the center to the edge of the circle (a radius). The
second piece will be used for the handle and the spacers. Cut three
pieces, two of the same length and long enough to extend from the
center of the circle to the outside and the other about one inch
shorter. The first two pieces should be wide enough to fit
comfortably in your hand as they will be used to guide the circle
through the channel. The third piece will be used for spacers. Drill
the same size hole near the end of the two pieces to be used for the
handle and two holes four inches apart in the piece to be used for
spacers. Do not cut before the holes are drilled. At this point get
help from the shop manager to assist in putting the final product
together. If it is not obvious, the spacers should be cut to fit one
under each handle and flush against the circle to reduce friction when
rotating. Use other scrap pieces to space the edge of the handle that
will be held in your hand. Sand all edges. Use the glue to hold the
spacers in place at the edge of the handle. For the classroom demo,
the aluminum channel will be placed on the desk or table. Stand the
circle on its side, arrow down and perpendicular to the channel. Mark
the origin with a pencil on the channel. Make a complete rotation of
the circle. At the end of this rotation, mark the channel again. To
find this length, do either of two things. Lay the circle on the
channel end over end from the origin to the end of the length at which
time the measure is obvious. Or lay the circle between perpendiculars
for as many times as it takes to cover this length. In either case,
the measure should be 3.14159... or a number very close to that.


Andoni - Meaning of Andoni
What does Andoni mean?
[ 3 syll. an-do-ni, and-oni ] The baby boy name Andoni is pronounced AE-NDuwNiy- †. Andoni is of Latin origin and it is predominantly used in the Basque language. Andoni is a form of the English Anthony.
See also the related categories, latin and basque.
Andoni is a rarely used baby name for boys. It is not ranked within the top 1000 names. In 2018, within the group of boy names directly linked to Andoni, Anthony was the most regularly used.
Baby names that sound like Andoni include Amidan (Hebrew), Amitan (East Indian), Andeano, Andeino, Andieno, Andino (Italian), Andyno, Anthoney (English), Anthoni, Anthony (English), Antione (French and English), Antone (Slavic), Antoney, Antoni (Catalan and Polish), Antonia, Antonie (Dutch), Antonije (Slavic), Antono (Esperanto), Antony (English), and António (Portuguese).
Meaning of Andoni Meaning of Anthony
Baby Name Explorer for Andoni
Andoni Popularity Charts
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text:
Edit and/or assign an existing Labor Activity for the Company. Labor Activities define specific work-related tasks performed by your Company. Access this from the project management menu by going to Project>Setup
Labor Activities may be assigned to Projects via the Display/Hide buttons.
Display/Hide Labor Activities:
Code - Edit the code by which you identify the Labor Activity.
Labor Activity - Edit the descriptive name of the Labor Activity.
Active On Form(s) - Select which forms on which the Labor Activity should appear.
Display - Select this button to display the Labor Activity on the corresponding Project.
Hide - Select this button to hide the Labor Activity on the corresponding Project.
Used - Displays how many time this Labor Activity has been used on the corresponding Project.
Click the Save Data button to accept the edited data and file the Labor Activity in your eSUB database.
After saving you will be returned to the Add Labor Activity page.


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Estimation of Aquifer properties from vertical electrical survey data
Liker du produktet? I så fall er det bare å fortelle det til vennene dine!
Water is vital to man's existence on the planet earth so all effort to secure a good water should not be spared. Aquifer is a home of water in the earth crust which is properly located using geophysical means of vertical electrical sounding. Understanding the properties of aquifer is tantamount to understanding how good the the water in the aquifer is.The book therefore has delved into studying the properties of aquifer using the parameters of electrical properties of the earth.
Release Date 31.07.2017
Product Type Pocketbok
Dimension 220 x 150 mm


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2013 State of the Strait Conference
Setting Ecological Endpoints and Restoration Targets
The 2013 conference focused on progress in setting ecological endpoints and restoration targets for the Detroit River and western Lake Erie. Talks focused on candidate indicators that are data rich and have a sound scientific rationale for identifying quantitative targets and desired endpoints. Another focus was on the quantitative targets and endpoints that are being used to guide management programs like the Detroit River Remedial Action Plan, the Comprehensive Conservation Plan for the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge, the Lake Erie Lakewide Management Plan, watershed management plans, and others. Each talk evaluated the current state of development of each proposed indicator against a set of criteria to assess its adequacy, utility, and relevance (e.g., scale/responsiveness, feasibility, standardized methods, responsiveness, etc.). The conference concluded with a panel discussion of next steps from both a science and management perspective.
The conference was held on October 28th, 2013 at the University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario.


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The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) revised floodplain boundaries for portions of Williamson County in 2019. FEMA issued a revised Flood Insurance Study (FIS) report for the county and incorporated areas, and issued new Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) panels for only the applicable areas included in recent studies. The revised FIS and FIRM panels became effective December 20, 2019 and replace the previous information from 2008.
This 2019 update of special flood hazard information included a comprehensive flood study conducted by the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) and the Upper Brushy Creek Water Control and Improvement District (WCID) for the Brushy Creek watershed downstream to near Coupland. The update also included floodplains immediately north and east of this watershed boundary because the existing floodplains are within a FIRM panel already being revised with the watershed study.
The 2019 FEMA update also included the 'San Gabriel Watershed Phase 2' revisions, which updated some of the Zone A floodplains scattered throughout the remainder of the San Gabriel River watershed. Note that these Phase 2 floodplain revisions did not include all floodplains within the watershed. FEMA combined both studies and issued a single Letter of Final Determination on June 20, 2019, with the revised flood hazard information becoming effective December 20, 2019.Not all floodplains within the county have been revised with these two studies. There are still many effective Zone AE floodplains that were last studied about 30 years ago, and many effective Zone A floodplains that have never received a detailed engineering study. We are currently addressing this issue.
The effective FEMA floodplains may be viewed on our interactive web map, FEMA Flood Zones, located in the map section of our GIS Department webpage (here).
With recent updates to the National Weather Service rainfall data (Atlas 14), the recent 2017 Lidar topographic data, and the changing land use in this rapidly developing county, various flood studies are ongoing. Our GIS Department webpage also includes a separate interactive map illustrating proposed changes resulting from recent studies or proposed development activities. To view pending floodplain updates that may extend across a larger area, open the 'Proposed FEMA Floodplain Changes' map application on this same GIS webpage (here). Currently there is only one proposed update reflected on this map regarding the WCID proposed Dam 101 in the Lake Creek watershed.
For questions or concerns regarding floodplains or floodplain management in the unincorporated areas of Williamson County, feel free to contact us at [email protected], or at _PHONE_. Please be aware that within the corporate boundaries of a city, that city has floodplain jurisdiction (not the county) and the city should be contacted for floodplain inquiries.


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Cambodian Refugees Suffer from Psychiatric Illness at High Rates Two Decades After Escaping Homeland Terror
Aug 2, 2005
Published in: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association, v. 294, no. 5, Aug. 3, 2005, p. 571-579
Posted on RAND.org on January 01, 2005
CONTEXT: Little is known about the long-term mental health of trauma-exposed refugees years after permanent resettlement in host countries. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of psychiatric disorders in the US Cambodian refugee community. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional, face-to-face interview conducted in Khmer language on a random sample of households from the Cambodian community in Long Beach, Calif, the largest such community in the United States, between October 2003 and February 2005. A total of 586 adults aged 35 to 75 years who lived in Cambodia during the Khmer Rouge reign and immigrated to the United States prior to 1993 were selected. One eligible individual was randomly sampled from each household, with an overall response rate (eligibility screening and interview) of 87% (n = 490). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Exposure to trauma and violence before and after immigration (using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Survey of Exposure to Community Violence); weighted past-year prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression (using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1); and alcohol use disorder (by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). RESULTS: All participants had been exposed to trauma before immigration. Ninety-nine percent (n = 483) experienced near-death due to starvation and 90% (n=437) had a family member or friend murdered. Seventy percent (n=338) reported exposure to violence after settlement in the United States. High rates of PTSD (62%, weighted), major depression (51%, weighted), and low rates of alcohol use disorder were found (4%, weighted). PTSD and major depression were highly comorbid in this population (n=209; 42%, weighted) and each showed a strong dose-response relationship with measures of traumatic exposure. In bivariate analyses, older age, having poor English-speaking proficiency, unemployment, being retired or disabled, and living in poverty were also associated with higher rates of PTSD and major depression. Following multivariate analyses, premigration trauma remained associated with PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.37-3.16) and major depression (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.24-1.97); postmigration trauma with PTSD (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.21-2.26) and major depression (OR, 1.45: 95% CI, 1.12-1.86); and older age with PTSD (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.46-2.13) and major depression (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.15-1.89). CONCLUSION: More than 2 decades have passed since the end of the Cambodian civil war and the subsequent resettlement of refugees in the United States; however, this population continues to have high rates of psychiatric disorders associated with trauma.


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First PHOWN record for Red-crowned Malimbe2012-11-03 (288)
The Red-crowned Malimbe is found in primary lowland rain forest in central Africa. It is a solitary nester, but several birds may help build the nest before a single pair is left to breed. This species is probably monogamous.
The nest is untidy, being made almost entirely of dead, dry plant material like vine tendrils, small twigs and petioles. The nest is suspended by a long liana anchoring structure and has a wide entrance tube. The nest is difficult to construct, and a group works together in bouts, birds coming to work one after the other. Most nests are abandoned while building, with much nest material falling from the nest. A completed nest, however, is thought to be an effective anti-predator device. It takes about 2 weeks to complete a nest.
While guiding in Gabon, Michael Mills found a Red-crowned Malimbe building a nest and this week submitted the first PHOWN record for the species (see phown 3663). Julian Francis, a tour participant, took the photo (left).


Intrinsic properties are properties of an object that could exist in the object even if it were the only thing in the universe.
Mass, for example, is an intrinsic property. An object's mass does not change based on what is sitting next to it, or who is looking at it. Other intrinsic properties may include, depending on your exact definitions, things like complexity, roundness (an intrinsic property of circles), evil (the devil) and goodness (God), and existence (me). In some cases, it may also include things like 'value', for example, a human life may be said to have intrinsic value, apart from whatever extrinsic value it may also produce.
Weight, on the other hand, is an extrinsic property -- weight needs gravity, and does depend on what is sitting next to it (e.g. the moon or the Earth or the sun).
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Daniel Akaka / US Senator
A descendant of the Native Hawaiians, Akaka is currently the only member of the Senate with Chinese ancestry. He is famous for his dedication and role in human rights affairs.
Born in 1924 in Hawaii to parents of Native Hawaiian descent, Senator Daniel Akaka currently serves as the only member of the Senate who also has a Chinese lineage. He was a civilian worker before becoming an active member of the U.S. Army and later served with the Army's Corps of Engineers during World War II. As Chairman of the Indian Affairs Committee, he oversaw issues that dealt with the American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native populations. People credit his success to his contributions and continued involvement with the Japanese American community.


Why do ships use "port" and "starboard" instead of "left" and "right"?
Since port and starboard never change, they are unambiguous references that are independent of a mariner's orientation, and, thus, mariners use these nautical terms instead of left and right to avoid confusion. When looking forward, toward the bow of a ship, port and starboard refer to the left and right sides, respectively.
Source: NOAA
_TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_


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May 26, 2011 Babies are born earlier when their mothers live near a concentration of freeways and main roads, a study of 970 mothers and their newborn babies in Logan City, south of Brisbane, has found.
Senior research fellow Associate Professor Adrian Barnett from Queensland University of Technology's (QUT) Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) said the study, published April 4 in the online journal Environmental Health, showed that the more freeways and highways around a pregnant woman's home, the higher the likelihood of her baby being born prematurely.
"The most striking result was the reduction in gestation time of 4.4 per cent or almost two weeks associated with an increase in freeways within 400 metres of the women's home," said Professor Barnett, whose earlier study found a strong association between increased air pollution and small fetus size.
"Although the increased risks are relatively small, the public health implications are large because everyone living in an urban area gets exposed to air pollution. Pre-term and low-birth weight babies stay in hospital longer after birth, have an increased risk of death and are more likely to develop disabilities."
Professor Barnett said although air pollution levels in south-east Queensland were low compared with industrial cities, people's exposure to the chemical toxins in vehicle emissions was relatively high because of our outdoor lifestyle and open houses.
The study counted the number of roads around the mother's homes up to a 500 metre radius.
"We examined the distance between the home and busy roads to find the distance at which most of the negative effects on birth outcomes occurred because this has implications for local governments planning expansions or new roads," he said.
Most of the effects were within a 200-metre radius, but negative health effects were present up to 400 metres.
Professor Barnett said the study had also taken into account the effects of smoking levels and the socio-economic status of the mothers.
The effects of noise pollution were considered to be a possible contributing factor, but Professor Barnett said it was difficult to separate the effects of air and noise pollution.
"Vehicles braking and starting means that road junctions have some of the highest levels of noise and air pollution," he said.
"Disturbed sleep during pregnancy may cause extra stress and be a risk factor for adverse birth outcomes.
"This study points to the fact that pregnant women should reduce their exposure to traffic. A reduction in traffic emissions through improved vehicles or increased public transport use would have immediate health benefits by giving children a better start to life."
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- Adrian G Barnett, Kathryn Plonka, W. Kim Seow, Lee-Ann Wilson and Craig Hansen. Increased traffic exposure and negative birth outcomes: a prospective cohort in Australia. Environmental Health, 2011, 10:26 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-10-26
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


Net Gain (telecommunications)
Get Net Gain Telecommunications essential facts below. View Videos or join the Net Gain Telecommunications discussion. Add Net Gain Telecommunications to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Net Gain Telecommunications
In telecommunications, net gain is the overall gain of a transmission circuit. Net gain is measured by applying a test signal at an appropriate power level at the input port of a circuit and measuring the power delivered at the output port. The net gain in dB is calculated by taking 10 times the common logarithm of the ratio of the output power to the input power.
The net gain expressed in dB may be positive or negative. If the net gain expressed in dB is negative, it is also called the net loss. If the net gain is expressed as a ratio, and the ratio is less than unity, a net loss is indicated.
The test signal must be chosen so that its power level is within the usual operating range of the circuit being tested.
References
 This article uses material from the Wikipedia page available here. It is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
Net_gain_(telecommunications)

Music Scenes


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word for neighbourhood), and the absolute maximum was 44 °C (111 °F) in February. The lowest temperature ever registered in the 21st century was 10 °C (50 °F) in Vila Militar, July 2011. Temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F) are very rare in the city. The temperature varies according to elevation, distance from the coast, and type of vegetation. Winter brings mild temperatures and less rain than in the summer.
Average annual temperature of the sea is 23–24 °C (73–75 °F), from 22 °C (72 °F) in the period July–October to 26 °C (79 °F) in February and March. The wettest and driest months tend to be December and August respectively.
|Climate data for Rio de Janeiro|
|Record high °C (°F)||43
|Average high °C (°F)||29.4
|Daily mean °C (°F)||26.2
|Average low °C (°F)||23.3
|Record low °C (°F)||18
|Rainfall mm (inches)||114.1
|Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)||12||9||12||10||8||6||6||6||9||10||11||13||112|
|Mean monthly sunshine hours||195.3||209.1||195.3||165.0||170.5||156.0||182.9||179.8||138.0||158.1||168.0||161.2||2,079.2|
|Source #1: World Meteorological Organization (UN),Hong Kong Observatory|
|Source #2: Weatherbase (record highs and lows, humidity)|
|25 °C (77 °F)||26 °C (79 °F)||26 °C (79 °F)||25 °C (77 °F)||24 °C (75 °F)||23 °C (73 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||23 °C (73 °F)||25 °C (77 °F)||24 °C (75 °F)|
Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on January 1, 1502 (hence Rio de Janeiro, "January River"), by a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet, or under Gonçalo Coelho. Allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same expedition. The region of Rio was inhabited by the Tupi, Puri, Botocudo and Maxakalí peoples.
In 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony.
The city of Rio de Janeiro proper was founded by the Portuguese on March 1, 1565 and was named São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, in honor of St. Sebastian, the saint who was the namesake and patron of the then Portuguese Monarch D. Sebastião. Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several, mostly French, pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc and René Duguay-Trouin.
In the late 17th century, still during the Sugar Era, the Bandeirantes found gold and diamonds in the neighboring captaincy of Minas Gerais, thus Rio de Janeiro became a much more practical port for exporting wealth (gold, precious stones, besides the sugar) than Salvador, Bahia, which is much farther to the northeast. And so in 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The city remained primarily a colonial capital until 1808, when the Portuguese royal family and most of the associated Lisbon nobles, fleeing from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal, moved to Rio de Janeiro. The kingdom's capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, became the only European capital outside of Europe. As there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. There was a large influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro: in 1819, there were 145,000 slaves in the captaincy. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people.
When Prince Pedro I proclaimed the independence of Brazil in 1822, he decided to keep Rio de Janeiro as the capital of his new empire. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a republic. Until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighborhood now known as the historic Downtown business district (see below), on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. The city's center of gravity began to shift south and west to the so-called Zona Sul (South Zone) in the early part of the 20th century, when the first tunnel was built under the mountains located between Botafogo and the neighborhood now known as Copacabana. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rio's streetcar transit system after 1905. Botafogo's natural beauty, combined with the fame of the Copacabana Palace Hotel, the luxury hotel of the Americas in the 1930s, helped Rio to gain the reputation it still holds today as a beach party town (though, this reputation has been somewhat tarnished in recent years by favela violence resulting from the narcotics trade). Plans for moving the nation's capital city to the territorial centre had been occasionally discussed, and when Juscelino Kubitschek was elected president in 1955, it was partially on the strength of promises to build a new capital. Though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília built, at great cost, by 1960. On April 21 that year the capital of Brazil was officially moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília.
Between 1960 and 1975 Rio was a city-state under the name Guanabara State (after the bay it borders). However, for administrative and political reasons, a presidential decree known as "The Fusion" removed the city's federative status and merged it with the State of Rio de Janeiro, the territory surrounding the city whose capital was Niterói, in 1975. Even today, some Cariocas advocate the return of municipal autonomy.
The city hosted the 2007 Pan American Games and will host the 2014 FIFA World Cup final. It was announced on October 2, 2009, that Rio will host the 2016 Olympic Games, beating the finalist competitors Chicago, Tokyo, and Madrid. The city will become the first South American city to host the event and the second Latin American city (after Mexico City in 1968) to host the Games. The city will host the World Youth Day in 2013, the second World Youth Day in South America and first in Brazil.
City districts
The city is commonly divided into the historic center (Centro); the tourist-friendly wealthier South Zone (Zona Sul); the residential less wealthy North Zone (Zona Norte); peripheries in the West Zone (Zona Oeste), Santa Cruz and Campo Grande and the wealthy newer American-style Barra da Tijuca district.
Centro is the historic core of the city, as well as its financial centre. Sites of interest include the Paço Imperial, built during colonial times to serve as a residence for the Portuguese governors of Brazil; many historic churches, such as the Candelária Church, (the former cathedral), Sao Jose, Santa Lucia, Nossa Senhora do Carmo, Santa Rita, San Francisco de Paula, and the monasteries of Santo Antonio and Sao Bento. The Centro also houses the modern concrete Rio de Janeiro Cathedral. Around the Cinelândia square, there are several landmarks of the Belle Époque of Rio, such as the Municipal Theatre and the National Library building. Among its several museums, the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes (National Museum of Fine Arts) and the Museu Histórico Nacional (National Historical Museum) are the most important. Other important historical attractions in central Rio include its Passeio Público, an 18th-century public garden. Major streets include Avenida Rio Branco and Avenida Vargas, both constructed, in 1906 and 1942 respectively, by destroying large swaths of the colonial city. A number of colonial streets, such as Rua do Ouvidor and Uruguayana, have long been pedestrian spaces, and the popular Saara shopping district has been pedestrianized more recently.
South Zone
(Portuguese: Zona Sul) is composed of several districts, among which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador, Copacabana, and Leme, which compose Rio's famous Atlantic beach coastline. Other districts in the South Zone are Glória, Catete, Flamengo, Botafogo,


Some notes on desistance research
Epistemic status: To make sure I got this post right, I asked Michael Bailey for comments. I edited my initial draft based on his feedback, and he agrees completely with this version.
Also, I guess this post means that the followup that I promised for my last post will have to wait a bit.
"Desistance", in the context of research by Zucker et al, refers to a very specific phenomenon. The topic is still an open research area, so it is difficult to say anything for sure. However, desistance research specifically applies to early-onset gender dysphoria, which is strongly associated with gender nonconformity. The association with gender-nonconformity makes it easy to assume that highly GNC kids will eventually turn out transgender, but in practice they are usually observed to outgrow this and end up happy with their sex. This specifically is the phenomenon that is covered in desistance research. Not much is known about why they are so strongly correlated, but some researchers believe that the gender-nonconformity can be a reflection of the dysphoria, and that encouraging it may cause the dysphoria to persist. This specific pattern of desistance is observed only for early-onset gender dysphoria, and it likely relies on specific characteristics of the dysphoria that are not seen in other forms. As a result, there is little a priori reason to expect it to generalize to other forms of gender dysphoria, unless these forms of gender dysphoria also have specific characteristics that would imply a high likelihood of desistance.
In particular, desistance research does not apply to autogynephilic gender dysphoria. Not much is known about the specifics that distinguishes dysphoric autogynephiles from non-dysphoric ones, but equivalent phenomena to desistance have not been consistently observed for them (and is unlikely to ever be observed, even if it does exist, as properly identifying and evaluating autogynephiles in the relevant period is very difficult). Autogynephilic gender dysphoria has, however, been observed to disappear in some cases, but this is not a consistent and reliable phenomenon in the same way that desistance from gender nonconformity seems to be.
The research also does not apply directly to "rapid-onset gender dysphoria". There is currently no research on the desistance rates of ROGD. However, if the model that rapid-onset gender dysphoria is to a large degree caused by social contagion is true, then this creates a large possibility for desistance under the right circumstances, as the gender dysphoria is not purely due to permanent characteristics of the person in question, but instead also due to mutable social environment. If the social contagion model is incorrect, there is very little reason to expect desistance to happen. There is almost no research on the validity of the social contagion model for rapid-onset gender dysphoria, but there are many anecdotes that make it seem somewhat plausible.
The specific ways that desistance might work in early-onset gender dysphorics also means that if children who *could* desist instead go on to transition, they will likely not experience regret from transition, but will instead simply not desist. This has a number of implications. It means that the harm of transition will be limited to the problems associated with being a transgender person rather than a gay person, rather than implying regret and future detransition. However, it also means that if someone who could've desisted ends up transitioning, it becomes easy for people to mistakenly think that the transition was a huge success because the patient is very happy with the outcomes, when actually the patient could have been just as happy if they didn't transition. And lastly, it also implies that interventions which do not permit unlearning gender-nonconformity and atypical gender identity – for example ones where gender-nonconformity is highly encouraged – might very well prevent desistance.
Rates of autoandrophilia among FtMs
Let's talk about the rates of autoandrophilia I've observed among FtMs. I've had a few different approaches for assessing this, so it's probably worth going through things in detail. Arguably, the most direct was asking about it directly:
Rates of transmasc autoandrophilia in the Transmasculine Sexuality Survey.
For counting this properly, I exclude the third question, since it could conceivably by interpreted as assessing gynephilia, rather than autoandrophilia. Doing this, the total autoandrophilia rate in the survey was 74% (n=31). However, one problem with this survey is that I shared it to a nonbinary subreddit, and so it is possible that some NBs responded too, which might make the data hard to interpret. If I exclude those who didn't pick "male" as one of their gender responses (I allowed multiple, including "nonbinary", "genderfluid" and "questioning"), I get a rate of 71% (n=14), essentially the same.
It may be informative to also consider the frequency of autoandrophilic fantasies from this group. I won't include this when counting the rates, though.
Transmasc pre-identification AAP fantasy rates according to Transmasculine Sexuality Survey.
Another survey with a very straightforward methodology was in my Survey of Traits You Are Attracted to or Would Like to Have. Unlike the previous survey, this was targeted at reddit in general, not just transmascs, and so it may have a better accuracy distribution-wise. In this survey, I also asked rather directly whether they found being male hot:
Autoandrophilia in transmasc participants of Survey of Traits You're Attracted to or Would Like to Have.
Again, the rate of affirmative answers was 74% (n=27). If we exclude the nonbinary participants, the rate increases to 89% (n=9). One nice thing about this survey is that I also asked about "sexual fantasies about being the opposite sex", so this gives us a way of assessing whether these yield the same sorts of results. The problem is that some trans men will interpret "sexual fantasies about being the opposite sex" as referring to sexual fantasies about being female, so it's important to figure out how big this problem is.
For the record, the equivalent MtF numbers are 95% (n=19) and 90% (n=10).
In this survey, arousal to fantasies about being the opposite sex wasn't very strongly associated with autoandrophilia (r~0.28). In fact, it was more closely associated with the autogynephilia measure (r~0.39), despite the fact that the concept of autogynephilic transmascs is… weird. I found that 70% of the ones who got positive scores on the AAP scale also got positive scores on the scale assessing A*P by asking about "opposite sex", but 43% of those who got zero scores on the AAP scale still got positive scores on the A*P scale. Not great.
Another survey with a slightly less direct approach was my Can you look at some porn For Science? survey, which was about exactly what it says in the title. Before presenting the erotic material, I asked a number of questions about paraphilias, including "Picturing myself as the opposite sex, or with certain physical features of the opposite sex" and "Picturing an attractive man and imagining *being* him". The latter seemed to work for assessing autoandrophilia in women; assuming the former question assesses AAP perfectly (dubious), the latter had r~0.72 correlation with AAP, 15% false positive rate, and 21% false negative rate.
Amount of autoandrophilia in the transmascs in the porn survey.
68% of transmascs (n=22) and 75% of FtMs (n=8) reported AAP according to this measure. This survey also allows us to revisit the approach of asking about "opposite sex". It had a correlation of r~0.5, and the rate of positive answers to this among those who had given positive answers to the other AAP question was 80%. Meanwhile, the rate of negative answers to this among those who had given negative answers to the other AAP question was 14%. This is a far higher validity than was observed in the other survey. On the other hand, the equivalent numbers when comparing with the AGP question are 0.37, 91% and 29%, which is still a pretty strong connection, so asking about "opposite sex" probably isn't great.
The MtF rates of autogynephilia here were 76% (n=33) and 82% (n=23).
So far, this suggests an AAP rate of 68% to 74% (weighted average: 72%, n=80) for transmascs in general and 71% to 89% (weighted average: 77%, n=31) for FtMs. Of course, these numbers should be taken with a grain of salt; for example, there may be some misreporting, where some AAPs report not experiencing AAP. In addition, there is a troubling problem that needs to be taken into account, and which I will address in my next post.
Gender information collaboration project
Right now, a lot of politics about issues relating to transgender and gender nonconforming people are intense and not very forgiving. There's very little trust, and understandably so, as a lot of people have been hurt in many ways by the current situation.
I don't


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Now the food waste turns into biogas
Almost 40 percent of the content in the city's garbage bags is food waste, according to Stockholm Water and Waste. Soon the food waste from the lunch rooms at ITM can be sorted out and converted into biogas and bio fertilizer. In July everything will be prepared and ready.
For some time, KTH Sustainability Office has led a project to implement sorting of food waste at KTH and soon it is time to move from words to action. At the ITM School, all lunch rooms and garbage rooms are reviewed and will be ready for sorting food waste before the end of July. In all kitchenettes you can then throw your food waste into specific bins, and the waste rooms will be prepared so that the cleaning staff can carry the waste further. By sorting out food waste we contribute to the regional cycle.
Look for the garbage bins for food waste and information boards in the lunch rooms!


South-south research consortium looks at the use of governance indicators
How are governance indicators actually used to strengthen democratic governance at the country level? A research consortium of African think tanks is now set to explore this question. Looking at Ghana, Mozambique and Rwanda, the consortium will explore specific cases of how governance indicators and evidence are used to influence policy. It is expected that answers will provide guidance to national stakeholders and donors alike on how best to strengthen national capacity for assessing governance reforms.
The research project calls for more attention to the use of governance indicators: Which national actors are using indicators successfully in pushing for democratic reform? There have been concerted efforts to increase the supply and quality of governance statistics over the past decade including the Third Roundtable on Managing for Development Results in 2007. The work of Paris 21, Metagora and the Trust Fund for Statistical Capacity Building (TFSCB) also focuses on the capacity for supplying statistics, including on governance issues. There have not, however, been equal efforts to strengthening the usage and application of statistical information.
By and large externally-driven governance assessments are not used by domestic actors to hold Governments to account. This is not because of a lack of political demand for reform from citizens at the country level. Rather, it is suggested that external assessments, such as donor assessments, lack ownership. These indicators are primarily used in negotiations between donors and the executive branch of the recipient country. For other national actors, such as parliament and civil society, these indicators are typically viewed as less relevant.
Similarly, indicators aligned with national policy processes that lack ownership seem to suffer the same fate. In countries where national development plans and poverty reduction strategy papers are not adequately owned, indicators aligned to these strategies fail to be used effectively by national actorsfor demanding reform and accountability.
The starting point for the consortium is therefore an understanding of the roles and political incentives of various national institutions and organisations, and how governance statistics can be used strategically in a national context to effectively push for reform. Based on a political economy analysis, recommendations to donors and national actors will be developed. Recommendations will seek to provide guidance on how country-led approaches to governance assessments can be strengthened to increase usage.
The country studies will provide examples of how governance evidence is used effectively by parliamentarians in legislation and or oversight, by civil society for advocacy, and by Government in monitoring of national plans. The use of APRM indicators will also be looked at, in addition to other country specific examples.
The consortium is led by the Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) and include the Institute for Democratic Governance (IDEG) in Ghana, Institute for Research and Dialogue for Peace (IRDP) in Rwanda and the Centre for Studies on Democracy and Development (CEDE) in Mozambique. The Consortium is supported by the European Commission (EC) and UNDP in partnership.


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GROMACS is a free versatile package to perform molecular dynamics simulations (i.e. simulate the Newtonian equations of motion for molecular systems).
One version of GROMACS (4.6.7) is installed and primarily used by the Maibaum group in the Chemistry Department. This particular installation features the PLUMED-2.1.3 plug-in for metadynamics analysis. Both packages were built with impi support which enables parallelized simulation with or without PLUMED.
To properly use this installation of GROMACS, the user will have to load proper module files to set up the environment, which includes the GROMACS module itself:
module load contrib/gromacs_4.6.7-plumed_2.1.3-impi
as well as the proper mpi icc module with which the packages were built:
module load icc_15.0.3-impi_5.0.3
You should include both of those lines in your submission scripts.
mpiexec.hydra -bootstrap rsh -rmk pbs mdrun -s input.tpr -deffnm output
The commands before
mdrun are used to submit the job to the cluster and those after are GROMACS specific. This example uses the
mdrun command, but it could be something else depending on what the user is trying to do. The
grompp command was used to integrate all information into a binary file prior to the simulation. You can also use
g_msd, and other
g_XXX scripts to analyze the simulation afterward.
For this example, the
-deffnm are the flags specifying the input/output files for the
mdrun command. A different command would have different flags available. One can always find out what a particular command does and what kind of flags to run it with by loading the module and then entering
 -h in the command line.
Note: The multi-processor support is built with default command names, so no "_mpi" affix is needed when calling a GROMACS function with this installation. For example, use
mdrun instead of


What is the WHO doing to help countries 'retain" their health workers?
More Frequently asked questions
Q&A index
The WHO has developed global recommendations* to advise countries on how to improve access to health workers in remote and rural areas through improved retention. They include enrolling students from rural areas, locating training schools in rural areas; ensuring compulsory service in rural areas; access to continuing professional development; improving regulation's and providing financial and personal/professional incentives such as grants for housing, vacations, support for children schooling etc. The recommendations also give advice to policy makers on how to choose the most appropriate interventions and, on how to implement, monitor and evaluate their impact over time.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a diagonal line and I have also a circles having a 100 meters in distance. The problem is that the circles are not really to the center of the line. I know this is quiet easy but I'm just confused on how to do it.. Could someone help me how to put the circles at the center of the line?
Here's what I've tried so far :
public void paint(Graphics g)
 Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
 int x0_pixel = 0;
 int y0_pixel = 0;
 int x1_pixel = getWidth();
 int y1_pixel = getHeight();
 int x0_world = 0;
 int y0_world = 0;
 double x1_world = 2000; // meters
 double y1_world = 1125; // meters
 double x_ratio = (double) x1_pixel / x1_world;
 double y_ratio = (double) y1_pixel / y1_world;
 int xFrom = 0;
 int yFrom = 0;
 double xTo = x1_world;
 double yTo = y1_world;
 int FromX_pixel = convertToPixelX(xFrom, x_ratio);
 int FromY_pixel = convertToPixelY(y1_pixel, yFrom, y_ratio);
 int ToX_pixel = convertToPixelX((int) xTo, x_ratio);
 int ToY_pixel = convertToPixelY(y1_pixel, (int) yTo, y_ratio);
 g2d.drawLine(FromX_pixel, FromY_pixel, ToX_pixel, ToY_pixel);
 double theta = Math.atan(yTo / xTo);
 int len = (int) Math.sqrt(xTo * xTo + yTo * yTo);
 int interval = 100;
 final double cosTheta = Math.cos(theta);
 final double sinTheta = Math.sin(theta);
 for (int distance = xFrom; distance <= len; distance += interval)
 double distance_x = distance * cosTheta;
 double distance_y = distance * sinTheta;
 int x_circle_pixel = convertToPixelX(distance_x, x_ratio);
 int y_circle_pixel = convertToPixelY(y1_pixel, distance_y, y_ratio);
 g2d.drawOval(x_circle_pixel, y_circle_pixel, 50, 50);
private static int convertToPixelY(int y_offset, double y_world, double y_ratio)
 return (int) (y_offset - (y_world * y_ratio));
private static int convertToPixelX(double x_world, double x_ratio)
 return (int) (x_world * x_ratio);
share|improve this question
Some comments and descriptions about what your code is doing would help a lot. Also an SSCCE would offer your best hope for a quick helpful answer. – Hovercraft Full Of Eels Oct 11 '11 at 2:11
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
When you draw an oval, the first two parameters are the upper-left corner of the rectangle that holds the oval. The next two parameters are the width and height of this same bounding rectangle. Your current code places the upper-left corner on the line itself, but what you actually want is that the center of the bounding rectangle be placed on the line. The solution to your problem is to simply shift the upper-left corner over by 1/2 the diameter. Your code should have something like so:
public class GraphicsFoo extends JPanel {
 // avoid using magic numbers:
 private static final int CIRCLE_DIAMETER = 50;
 // override a JComponent's paintComponent method, not its paint method
 protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
 Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
 // make your graphics smooth
 //...
 final double cosTheta = Math.cos(theta);
 final double sinTheta = Math.sin(theta);
 // *** here's the key: ***
 x_circle_pixel - CIRCLE_DIAMETER / 2,
 y_circle_pixel - CIRCLE_DIAMETER / 2,
share|improve this answer
sorry for the late response, actually my problem is the only part in drawing the oval and you give me the exact code for that.. tnx.. it works.. I accept your answer.. ;-) – sack Oct 11 '11 at 10:33
Your Answer


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How to Improve Bali in 2024
Improving Bali in 2024 involves addressing a range of critical issues that have been highlighted in recent times. These are some key areas for improvement.
Bali, the famed Island of the Gods, is renowned for its enchanting beauty, rich culture, and warm hospitality. However, like many popular destinations, it faces a myriad of challenges that threaten its environmental sustainability, cultural integrity, and overall quality of life.
As we step into 2024, it's crucial to address these issues proactively to preserve Bali's unique charm and ensure its viability as a top global destination. From improving road safety and managing the water crisis, to tackling waste management and traffic congestion, each challenge presents an opportunity for positive change.
Additionally, addressing the behavior of some tourists and the problem of overdevelopment is essential in maintaining Bali's cultural and natural heritage. This article delves into these critical issues, offering insights and recommendations on how to improve Bali in 2024, ensuring it remains a paradise not just for tourists, but also for its local residents.
Overtourism and Traffic
The influx of tourists and the increasing number of vehicles on the road have led to heavy traffic, particularly in popular areas such as Kuta, Seminyak, and Denpasar. This not only contributes to pollution but also detracts from the overall experience of visitors and daily life of residents.
To alleviate this, there's a need for better public transportation options, encouragement of alternative modes of transport like cycling, and the implementation of traffic management strategies. Developing infrastructure that supports smoother traffic flow, such as bypass roads and improved public transit systems, can significantly reduce congestion.
Additionally, promoting carpooling and the use of electric vehicles can also play a crucial role in tackling traffic issues in Bali. Addressing traffic congestion is essential for maintaining Bali's charm and ensuring a pleasant experience for both residents and visitors.
Bad Tourists and Foreigners
Bali also faces issues related to the behavior of some foreign tourists. In recent years, there have been instances of unruly behavior from visitors, including those from countries like Russia and Australia. These behaviors range from disrespecting local customs and traditions to engaging in disruptive and sometimes illegal activities.
To tackle this, it's crucial to implement stricter enforcement of local laws and regulations. Educating tourists about Bali's cultural norms and expectations through awareness campaigns can also play a significant role. Establishing clear guidelines for tourist behavior and ensuring that these are communicated effectively to visitors upon their arrival can help in preserving the cultural integrity and social harmony of Bali.
It's important to remember that such issues are not exclusive to any nationality, and a collective effort is needed to ensure that all visitors respect and adhere to the local customs and laws.
This has led to environmental degradation and the loss of traditional Balinese culture. The rapid growth in tourism has spurred unchecked construction of hotels, resorts, and other facilities, often at the expense of natural habitats and agricultural land.
This overdevelopment not only strains the island's resources but also threatens the unique cultural identity that makes Bali so special. To address this, there needs to be a more sustainable approach to development, one that balances economic growth with environmental protection and cultural preservation.
Implementing stricter zoning laws and building regulations can help control the rate of development. Encouraging eco-friendly and culturally sensitive projects can also ensure that growth is in harmony with Bali's natural and cultural heritage.
It's essential for both the government and private sector to collaborate in promoting sustainable development practices that safeguard Bali's environment and cultural legacy for future generations.
Road Safety Concerns
In Denpasar, the capital of Bali, a significant percentage of road accidents involve motorbikes. In 2020 alone, 405 people died from motor vehicle accidents on the island. Enhancing road safety measures, promoting the use of helmets, and improving driver education can be instrumental in reducing these numbers.
Bali is currently facing a severe water crisis, which threatens local culture and UNESCO sites. This includes the drying up of a majority of the island's rivers and a significant drop in water levels in key reservoirs like Lake Buyan. The crisis has also led to saltwater intrusion along the south coast【8†source】【10†source】. Addressing this issue requires implementing water conservation practices, efficient irrigation methods, and sustainable water management strategies.
Bali has a significant rubbish problem, with more than 40 tonnes of trash collected over a six-week period by a local NGO. The accumulation of waste is a major environmental concern. Improving waste management systems, promoting recycling, and reducing single-use plastics can help mitigate this issue.
Environmental Initiatives for Tourism
With Bali being a top tourist destination, environmental sustainability is key to its attractiveness and competitiveness. There's a need for green projects to reduce pollution caused by transportation, hotels, and restaurants, which contribute to air and water pollution. Initiatives could include promoting ecotourism, implementing sustainable practices in hospitality, and encouraging tourists to participate in environmentally friendly activities.
Improving Bali in 2024 requires a multi-faceted approach, focusing on road safety, water conservation, waste management, and environmental sustainability in tourism. These efforts not only enhance the living conditions for residents but also ensure that Bali remains a beautiful and sustainable destination for visitors.


text:
I have been a long time reader of the venerable Canadian publication, The Globe and Mail. This is a paper that continues to turn out great content despite the massive shift to online delivery which has seen an end to so many print publications.
Now, they have joined the smattering of publications that are using a piece of software that was originally written by the programmer and Internet activist, Aaron Schwartz. He contributed to the development of RSS and the Markdown language format. In addition to that he also wrote the code called Deaddrop in 2012 before his untimely passing. This is a software package that allows for someone who wanted to maintain their anonymity to send documents without being worried that they would be discovered.
In 2013 the publication The New Yorker implemented the software to allow whistleblowers to submit information. Since that time a handful of other publications such as Forbes, The Guardian and the Washington Post. Now, the Globe and Mail has joined these ranks. The Freedom of the Press Foundation has since taken over support for the open source whistle blower software and has renamed it, SecureDrop.
So, how does it work? SecureDrop operates over Tor to anonymize interactions between the whistleblower and the organization having the information disclosed to it. Think of it as the digital version of a chalk mark on a post box. Messages are uploaded to SecureDrop and can be decrypted by the recipient. This is by no means a guaranteed secure solution as, well, let's be honest, there is no such beast.
That being said, the software has been subjected to a code audit.
From Freedom of the Press:
A major security audit of SecureDrop (then called DeadDrop) was conducted in mid-2013 by security expert Bruce Schneier and a team of University of Washington researchers led by Alexei Czeckis, which you can read here (.pdf). We have discussed in detail how we re-vamped SecureDrop in response to this audit, and some of the risks that still remain.
Globe and Mail is the first Canadian news outlet to implement SecureDrop.
From Globe and Mail:
"Strong news organizations rely on brave and often confidential contributors to ensure the news gets out," says David Walmsley, The Globe and Mail's editor in chief. "SecureDrop is the 21st-century equivalent of the manila envelope: It provides you with an anonymous venue for relaying material you believe to be in the public interest and you have no other way to get it out publicly."
"By being the first Canadian news organization to introduce this encrypted technology, we are signalling our intent at The Globe and Mail to chase the news aggressively and work with, and protect the identities of, confidential whistle-blowers from all walks of life," Mr. Walmsley said.
This is great news. As we have seen in recent years, whistleblowers have become vilified by governments who once purported to support them. Now, being a whistleblower has become a precarious proposition. As a result, measures need to be taken to protect those who expose malfeasance. SecureDrop is a great first step.
A recommended second step is for more news organizations to take measures like this to protect their sources. Just imagine the stories that could show up as a result.
(Image used under CC from Melody Ayres-Griffiths)


The Pleasure of Friction
Miriam Rasch (Speaker)
Activity: Talk or presentationInvited talkIn the webinar 'The Pleasure of Friction' Miriam Rasch poses the question how we can resist an increasingly 'frictionless' society, filled with smart devices, communicative automation, and ubiquitous surveillance. Moreover, is it possible to do so in a joyful way? If we want to change something in our dealings with technology, it will help if the alternatives have something pleasurable to offer. What can we learn from writers and philosophers from the past and present about maintaining a positive outlook on friction?
Period24 Sep 2020
Event titleFuture Based
Event typeConference
Degree of RecognitionInternational


text:
Sub Exercise() Dim Tracks As Integer End Sub
Instead of using As Integer, you can use the % type character. Therefore, the above declaration could be done as follows:
Sub Exercise() Dim Tracks% End Sub
After declaring the variable, you can assign the desired value to it. If you assign a value lower than -32768 or higher than 32767, when you decide to use it, you would receive an error.
If you have a value that needs to be converted into a natural number, you can use CInt() using the following formula:
Number = CInt(Value to Convert)
Between the parentheses of CInt(), enter the value, text, or expression that needs to be converted.