cake-1.0.0: A build-system library and driver
Safe HaskellNone
Patterns and rules.
type Rule = P (Act ())Source
Rules map names of files to actions building them.
(==>) :: P x -> (x -> Act a) -> RuleSource
Primitve for rule construction. The given action must produce files matched by the pattern.
High-level interface
cake :: Rule -> Act () -> IO ()Source
Run an action in the context of a set of rules.
need :: FilePath -> Act ()Source
Try to build a file using known rules; then mark it as used.
list :: FilePath -> [Char] -> Act [String]Source
List directory contents by extension
Mid-level interface
produce :: FilePath -> Act () -> Act ()Source
produces :: [FilePath] -> Act () -> Act ()Source
Produce a file, using the given action.
cut :: Act () -> Act ()Source
Run the action in only in a clobbered state
Low-level interface
distill :: Question -> Act Answer -> Act AnswerSource
Answer a question using the action given.
fileStamp :: FilePath -> Act AnswerSource
Return a stamp (hash) for a file
shielded :: Act a -> Act aSource
Run the argument in a clean context, and do not clobber the state even if the argument does that. To use when the construction of the argument actually does not depend on the previous questions asked, and the constructed thing is atomic for the environment.
use :: FilePath -> Act AnswerSource
Mark that a file is used. Do not chase dependencies on this file though. (To be used eg. if a command uses an optional file).
updates :: [FilePath] -> Act () -> Act ()Source
Produce a file, using with the given action. BUT: no problem to produce the same file multiple times.
throwError :: MonadError e m => forall a. e -> m a
Is used within a monadic computation to begin exception processing.


text: In this study we present an assessment of the impact of future climate change on total fire probability, burned area, and carbon (C) emissions from fires in Europe. The analysis was performed with the Community Land Model (CLM) extended with a prognostic treatment of fires that was specifically refined and optimized for application over Europe. Simulations over the 21st century are forced by five different high-resolution Regional Climate Models under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B. Both original and bias-corrected meteorological forcings is used. Results show that the simulated C emissions over the present period are improved by using bias corrected meteorological forcing, with a reduction of the intermodel variability. In the course of the 21st century, burned area and C emissions from fires are shown to increase in Europe, in particular in the Mediterranean basins, in the Balkan regions and in Eastern Europe. However, the projected increase is lower than in other studies that did not fully account for the effect of climate on ecosystem functioning. We demonstrate that the lower sensitivity of burned area and C emissions to climate change is related to the predicted reduction of the net primary productivity, which is identified as the most important determinant of fire activity in the Mediterranean region after anthropogenic interaction. This behavior, consistent with the intermediate fire-productivity hypothesis, limits the sensitivity of future burned area and C emissions from fires on climate change, providing more conservative estimates of future fire patterns, and demonstrates the importance of coupling fire simulation with a climate driven ecosystem productivity model.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Owner: USDA Forest Service _PHONE_
County: Siskiyou, Shasta, Trinity
Public Access: yes
Location: Click Here
Related Website: Click Here
Access Via: Public road
Fishing Regulations: Click Here
Fishing Supplement: Click Here
The entire national forest expands through northern Shasta, Trinity and Siskiyou Counties. The Sacramento River goes through the Shasta McCloud Management Unit. This area is north of Lake Shasta and expands north to the town of Weed.
The largest national forest in California, it provides many recreational opportunities, such as hunting, fishing, hiking, biking, camping, mountain climbing and skiing. The USDA Forest Service promotes healthy forest and wildlife habitat, maintaining clean water, producing timber products, and safeguarding the communities at risk from wildfires.
Contains hundreds of mountain lakes, and 1,900 miles of streams including the Sacramento River. The National forest is part of the Klamath Mountain Geological Province.
Made up of mostly conifer forest with different species of trees, such as, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, douglas fir, and California red fir. Other species of trees in the area are cottonwood, valley oak, black oak, canyon live oak and pacific dogwood. Mammals include the black bear, columbian blacktail deer, ringtail cat, raccoon, striped skunk, mountain lion, bobcat, coyote, gray fox, river otter, different species of squirrels, chipmunks, black-tailed jackrabbit, bats and a small number of Elk. There are also many types of bird species, such as stellar jays, Warblers, owls, swallows, hummingbirds, great blue herons, bald eagles, turkeys, osprey, hawks, and many more.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
New York To Paris Flight Time: What Factors Affect It?
If you want to plan a trip between New York and Paris, it would be best to know the approx. time by which you'll reach your destination. To know it, you can add the time to reach the airport from a taxi and also the time to check in from the airport gate to the boarding zone. To know the exact New York to Paris flight time, also look for whether there are equipment delays, airport wait time, etc.
Thus, if you wish to know when you'll reach Paris, you'll want to know the time difference between New York and Paris time zones with the flight arrival and departure times and calculate the average flight timings.
Exact New York To Paris Flight Time
The exact New York to Paris flight time depends on a straight-line air distance from New York, NY, to Paris, France, which is around 3,636 miles or 5851 km. The trip starts in New York and ends in Paris, France. The flight direction from New York, NY, to Paris, France, is Northeast (54 degrees from the North).
The exact New York to Paris flight time is 7 hours and 46 minutes. Here we assume 500 mph as a commercial airliner's average flight speed, which equals 434 knots, or 805 km/h. It also adds 30 minutes to take off and land. Also, this time can often vary due to the wind speeds.
How To Calculate The Flight Time?
You can calculate the approx. New York to Paris flight time and the average flight duration with the help of a reliable flight time calculator, which finds the average duration between two points. The calculator uses the circle formula to get travel mileage.
There are many flight choices for flying from NYC to Paris. Twenty-one direct flights are there with 12 airlines to get you there. People looking for short New York to Paris flight time at reasonable prices can also check seasonal sales and last-minute deals offered by hotels and airlines. An online flight time calculator offers calculations for many travel routes. Users must enter info like cities, airports, zip codes, countries, etc., to get the correct estimate for New York to Paris flight time.
Its database uses a large circle distance with the average airspeed of the commercial airline to figure out typical New York to Paris flight time. Travel time is vital to find flight distance between airports or to ask how long it would take to fly from one town to another.
How Long Does It Take To Fly From New York To Paris?
Non-stop flights from New York to Paris take around 6 to 17 hours. It depends on the airline you select. The quickest one-stop flight between Paris and New York takes around 9 hours. However, for some airlines, New York to Paris flight time can be up to 36 hours based on the wait duration and stopover destination. These are the average non-stop flight times from any of the two airports in New York to Paris.
Also, it is the average non-stop New York to Paris flight time from the two airports in NYC and Paris. Direct and linking flights with stopovers take more time than non-stop ones. For such cases, New York to Paris flight time relies on the layover destination based on your airline or the one you select while booking tickets. At intermediate airports, the waiting time can range from 41 minutes to 24 hours.
Flight Time From N.Y.C. To Paris Airports
The table below shows one-stop flights and direct flight times from John F Kennedy International Airport, New York, to the nearest Paris airports.
JFK - ORY
Paris, Orly Airport
7 hours 30 minutes
Find the exact New York to Paris flight time from John F Kennedy International Airport, New York, or any other airport or city in the United States and other destinations worldwide, like the flight from New York to Italy with the flight time calculator.
You can click on any airport name and find flight distances from New York to the airports from the list of cities provided in the flight time calculator, like a flight from Atlanta to New York, a flight from New York to Italy, etc.
Why Is Flight Time Longer To Go Than To Return?
You might not know it, but the outbound New York to Paris flight is longer than the returning New York To Paris flight time. Let's discuss this strange happening with two factors: the Earth's rotation and winds. In the northern hemisphere, the west winds to the east are strong. Returning from the United States, the plane uses an air corridor to push them with these winds.
After jet stream push, planes travel fast, reducing flight hours between New York and Paris. On average, the flight duration from Paris to NYC takes 45 minutes more than NYC to Paris flight time.
Best Time To Book Flights From New York To Paris
If you're flexible with travel dates, you can use the month view tool to find the cheapest travel days. You can use the chart or sign up for price alerts if you have a fixed travel date. Passengers can use the search tool or destination search if they're flexible about the destination and New York To Paris flight time to find flight tickets between different airports of the destination country.
Things To Know Before You Book A Flight From NYC To Paris
You can get vital info on flights between Paris and New York on an online booking portal. Know the cheapest flight prices, direct flights from Paris to New York and vice-versa, and how many direct NYC to Paris flights are per week. Passengers also must know the New York To Paris flight time and duration with the total number of airports in Paris.
With the help of a professional search engine, you can get flight prices from online travel partners and major travel agencies like Amerigo Voyage. Thus, you won't need to check various websites to know the best prices and New York To Paris flight times. After picking the preferred flights, our agency directly links you to the travel agent or the airline carrier.
Factors Determining The Average Travel Time
On average, twenty flights fly directly from New York to Paris daily. With the booking tool, you get the quickest flight duration, the longest flight duration, and the average flight time. The average New York to Paris flight time is 7 hours and 20 minutes.
The airline distance from New York to Paris is 3,628 miles / 5,839km. In total, there are three airports around New York City (NYC.) New York Liberty International Airport (EWR), New York John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), and New York LaGuardia Airport (LGA.)
One airport in Paris City is Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG.) Know that the linking New York to Paris flight time would always be longer than the direct flight as you're taking off and landing at only two airports. Taking off and landing is the most time-consuming factor of any flight and is done at a low speed.
Whatever flight you'll use to connect New York to Paris, be prepared as the New York To Paris flight time can change based on factors like wind speed, weather conditions, air congestion, and flight path. Because of these factors, the real flight times can lessen up to 24 minutes, but sometimes it can be longer than the estimated time.
Multi-stoppage/linking flight time from Poole to London is based on the route for London and how long you'll need to wait for the linking flight. Still, have qualms about booking flight tickets with the suitable New York to Paris flight time? You can book directly through the steadfast booking portal of Amerigo Voyage and get the best deals with all the necessary info. Travel experts at Amerigo Voyage craft the finest travel experiences for your needs and create the finest hassle-free travel experiences. With Amerigo Voyage, you get the freedom to travel worry-free with adept assistance whenever throughout your journey.


Skip to content
Related Articles
Related Articles
Commit & RollBack Operation in Python
View Discussion
Improve Article
Save Article
 - Last Updated : 08 Oct, 2021
View Discussion
Improve Article
Save Article
Python's commit() method and rollback() method are among the various methods used for making database transactions. Database transactions are necessary as they ensure the atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability of the database.
In this article, we will focus on the use of commit() and rollback() method in detail.

1. The commit() method:
The commit() method is used to make sure the changes made to the database are consistent. It basically provides the database confirmation regarding the changes made by a user or an application in the database.
Syntax:
comm.commit() #comm refers to the database connection object
For a better understanding of the concept look into the code below followed by the code explanation. The below demonstration of the commit() method is performed on a MySQL database.
Example:
Program to update the age of a student named Rishi Kumar and commit it to the database.
MySQL Table in use:
Python3
# Python program to demonstrate
# commit() method

import mysql.connector

# Connecting to the Database
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host ='localhost',
database ='College',
user ='root',
)

cs = mydb.cursor()

# drop clause
statement ="UPDATE STUDENT SET AGE = 23 WHERE Name ='Rishi Kumar'"

cs.execute(statement)

# commit changes to the database
mydb.commit()

# Disconnecting from the database
mydb.close()
Output:
2. The rollback() method:
The rollback() method is used to revert the last changes made to the database. If a condition arises where one is not satisfied with the changes made to the database or a database transaction fails, the rollback() method can be used to retrieve the original data that was changed through the commit() method.
Syntax:
comm.rollback() #comm refers to the database connection object
The below code shows the use of rollback() method to revert changes if a database transaction fails:
Python3
# Python program to demonstrate
# rollback() method

import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import Error
from mysql.connector import errorcode

try:
 # Connecting to the Database
 mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
 host ='localhost',
 database ='College',
 user ='root',
 )

 cs = mydb.cursor()

 # drop clause
 statement ="UPDATE STUDENT SET AGE = 23 WHERE Name ='Rishi Kumar'"

 cs.execute(statement)

 # commit changes to the database
 mydb.commit()

 # update successful message
 print("Database Updated !")

except mysql.connector.Error as error :

 # update failed message as an error
 print("Database Update Failed !: {}".format(error))

 # reverting changes because of exception
 mydb.rollback()

 # Disconnecting from the database
mydb.close()
Output:
If the database transaction is successful the output will be,
Database Updated!
If the database transaction fails the output is an error raised as,
Database Update Failed!

My Personal Notes arrow_drop_up
Recommended Articles
Page :
Start Your Coding Journey Now!


text:
Founded in 1824, the Pathological Museum of the University of Florence features wax figures sculpted by some of the great anatomical artists of the 19th century.
This small, but important collection of early medical wax moulages of pathologies features several pieces created by artists from the famed Florence wax studio, including Luigi Calamai, Giuseppe Ricci, and Egisto Tortori. These moulages were invaluable teaching tools in medical schools, where living examples, cadavers, and other visual aids of many pathologies were often scarce. One of the most famous pieces in the museum is the 1851 "leper" model by artist Luigi Calamai. This affecting moulage depicts a man horribly suffering from skin lesions. Though he is known as "the leper," the man was actually suffering from Norwegian scabies.
The museum also has a collection of preserved tissue samples, plaster casts and skeletal remains, many of which are the same specimens depicted in the wax models. Perhaps the most touching pieces in the collection are the skeletal remains of a child with severe hydrocephaly and a wax model which brings the tortured child to life. The collection also includes registers of autopsies and case studies from the 19th century.
The museum is open to the public by appointment only. It is a reminder that science and artistry often go creepy wax hand in creepy wax hand.


text:
Fume Formation from Oxidation of Liquid SiMn Alloy
Journal article, Peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionOxidation of Metals. 2017, 1-21. 10.1007/s11085-_PHONE_-y
Thermally generated fumes from the production of manganese ferroalloys are mostly composed of metallic oxides generated due to reaction between high-temperature molten metal and ambient oxygen in the air. In the current study, the fume characteristics (particle morphology, compositions and particle size distribution) from the exposure of a SiMn alloy under an impinging air jet, in the temperature range 1400–1700 °C, were experimentally investigated. Combinations of manganeseand manganese/silicon oxide particles were found in the system, displaying both crystalline and amorphous structures. The governing generation mechanisms of fume from both a thermodynamic and a kinetic perspective are discussed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Swiss TPH specialists have a comprehensive understanding of health. Human and animal health is closely intertwined and related to environmental and social realities. Deploying a systemic approach, Swiss TPH scrutinises health from the single molecule to the humans in their social and natural environments. They conduct health impact assessments of large infrastructure projects such as mines or effective strategies against infectious and non-communicable diseases within health systems in Switzerland and all over the world.
Health and Disease in Different Cultural Contexts
Economic situation, personal values or social status: they all influence human health. That is why Swiss TPH experts analyse health and disease in different cultural contexts. Experts acknowledge the importance of different life periods for health and disease and the pivotal role played by gender inequalities.


Search
Ethanol as an electrolyte additive for alkaline zinc-air flow batteries
Updated: Oct 21, 2018
Soraya Hosseini, Siow Jing Han, Amornchai Arponwichanop, Tetsu Yonezawa & Soorathep Kheawhom
Zinc-air flow batteries exhibit high energy density and offer several appealing advantages. However, their low efficiency of zinc utilization resulted from passivation and corrosion of the zinc anodes has limited their broad application. In this work, ethanol, which is considered as an environmentally friendly solvent, is examined as an electrolyte additive to potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous electrolyte to improve electrochemical performance of the batteries. Besides, the effects of adding different percentages of ethanol (0–50% v/v) to 8 M KOH aqueous electrolyte were investigated and discussed. Cyclic voltammograms revealed that the presence of 5–10% v/v ethanol is attributed to the enhancement of zinc dissolution and the hindrance of zinc anode passivation. Also, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that adding 5–10% v/v ethanol could effectively suppress the formation of passivating layers on the active surface of the zinc anodes. Though the addition of ethanol increased solution resistance and hence slightly decreased the discharge potential of the batteries, a significant enhancement of discharge capacity and energy density could be sought. Also, galvanostatic discharge results indicated that the battery using 10% v/v ethanol electrolyte exhibited the highest electrochemical performance with 30% increase in discharge capacity and 16% increase in specific energy over that of KOH electrolyte without ethanol.
Full article: _URL_
10 views0 comments


Understand the nutritional needs of someone with Kyphosis
In my role as a nutritionist and dietician, I am often asked about the impact of specific medical conditions on dietary requirements. A common question I receive is, "What are the dietary needs of someone with kyphosis?" The purpose of this article is to give a detailed understanding of nutritional needs for people with kyphosis. It will also explain how a healthy diet can be used to manage the condition. Now let's dive deeper into this topic.
What Nutrition Can Do to Manage Kyphosis
Nutrition is crucial for people with kyphosis. Diet plays an important role in bone health. This is especially true for people with kyphosis. Kyphosis is a spine disorder that's characterized by a curvature of the spine which extends outward. The right nutrition can help to alleviate the symptoms of kyphosis and slow the progression.
A study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism found that people who have bone disorders such as kyphosis are at a reduced risk of breaking bones if they consume enough calcium and vitamin. It's important to speak with your healthcare provider prior to starting any diet.
Starting Out: Nutritional Guidelines for Kyphosis
It's crucial to know that the nutritional requirements of each individual can vary depending on factors such as their age, overall health, and degree of kyphosis. A healthcare professional's dietary advice should be sought first.
Nevertheless, there are some points that can be taken into consideration. A research paper published by Osteoporosis international, for example, highlighted that protein is as important to bone health as calcium and vitamin.
Recommendations for Kyphosis Patients
Other Dietary Guidelines for Kyphosis Management
It's important to keep hydrated in addition to eating the foods listed above. The water in your body is essential for maintaining your health, and this includes your bones. Limiting sodium, alcohol, caffeine and other substances that may interfere with calcium absorption can help to improve bone health.
Conclusion
Understanding the nutritional requirements of someone who has kyphosis will help you manage the condition more effectively. Diets rich in vitamin D, calcium, protein and other nutrients are essential for bone health. They can also help to alleviate the symptoms. It's best to speak to your doctor before you make any major changes to the diet.
.


Dewan learns Kafka - architecture principles and recent changes
Dewan learns Kafka - architecture principles and recent changes
Last week, I learned the basics of Kafka and continued my learning journey this week with Kafka's architecture principles and issues around stability and scalability. I also learned about Kafka Improvement Proposals (KIP) - major changes in Kafka suggested by the community. In the second part of the Dewan learns Kafka blog series, I share these learnings and hope that you are learning with me.
What does it mean to design a high-performance system?
Kafka relies on some hardware, an operating system, the JVM, and the system it is connected to. Do you know what is Kafka capable of? If you had the best hardware, OS, and the correct mix of JVM and connected systems, what would be the maximum throughput and minimum latency from Kafka? This is without any optimizations on Kafka itself. Once you learn about the bar from your hardware, OS, and systems, then you optimize Kafka for your custom business needs.
Kafka was designed to have one cluster per organization and you would add as many brokers as you need. In the next section, you'll see how Netflix views that principle but principles are more like guidelines and not set in stone. Kafka was designed to handle massive scaling of workload so more workload simply means adding more brokers. Kafka will self-rebalance once you remove brokers for reduced workload.
You can watch this keynote by Gwen Shapira to learn more.
How does Netflix use Kafka
When learning about designing fault-tolerant and scalable Kafka systems, I wanted to learn from use cases rather than simply reading the theory. I followed this talk to learn how Netflix uses Kafka for data pipelines and stream processing. The talk is from 2018 so some of the design and metrics will be different now.
In 2018, Netflix had 4000+ brokers and ~50 clusters in 3 AWS (2 US & 1 EU) regions to process 1T+ messages/day. For both data pipeline and stream processing, the data was non-transactional and the event order was not required for most of the topics. A typical Netflix Kafka cluster at that time had between 20 to 200 brokers - each with 4 to 8 cores, Gbps network, and 2 to 12 TB local disk. The brokers spanned across three availability zones within a region with rack aware assignment and Netflix used MirrorMaker (a stand-alone tool for copying data between two Kafka clusters) for cross-region replication for selected topics.
The rack awareness feature spreads replicas of the same partition across different racks. If you are able to define which rack each of your nodes belongs to, then Kafka is able to intelligently allocate replicas on nodes that do not share the same rack. This gives you better fault tolerance. If a rack goes down due to maintenance or power loss, you have a reduced chance that a leader and all of the replicas are located in that single rack. Obviously, this feature is only beneficial if you are able to spread your Kafka brokers across racks.
The availability of a Kafka cluster at Netflix is defined as the ratio of messages successfully produced to Kafka vs. total attempts. Their engineers understood that Kafka, as a stateful service, must provide fast failover to guarantee a high SLA (99.9999% availability at that time). Let's talk about scalability now. Scaling regular workload and scaling internet-scale workload are not the same. In order to scale, you add brokers and add partitions to those brokers. There's a limit on the number of partitions you can have in a Kafka cluster. It was 100,000 at the time of the talk and 2M+ when I'm writing this blog in 2022 (although it is suggested to keep the number of partitions around 200,000). There's also an issue with partition reassignment because when you add new brokers and you reassign the ownership of the partition, the new broker has to copy the data of that partition from the leader. Not only is this a time-consuming process, but there's also a significant increase in network traffic during that time.
kafka005.png
The benefit of cloud and managed services is that you can provision a Kafka cluster with the click of a button or an API call. Imagine you have a single cluster and producer/consumer. If you see a traffic increase, you add a second cluster add create topics in the second cluster. The next step is to have your producer write to both clusters and consumer read from both clusters. This is how you scale up. To scale down, you ask the producer to stop producing to the second cluster while the consumer is still reading from both clusters. Once all the data has been read or the data retention period has passed for the second cluster, you can have the consumer stop reading from the second cluster and safely remove the second cluster. The video shows advanced topics like topic failover and failover with traffic migration.
KIP-500 and KIP-405 - What and why
KIP-500 - Replace ZooKeeper with a Self-Managed Metadata Quorum
The community works together to continuously improve Kafka and KIP is a process for proposing a major change to Kafka. When learning about Kafka and its features, following the recent and ongoing KIPs is important as some features might get deprecated while others are being introduced. Two of the heavyweight KIPs I'll mention are KIP-500: Replace ZooKeeper with a Self-Managed Metadata Quorum and KIP-405: Kafka Tiered Storage.
Last week, I stood up a Kafka cluster on a digitalocean VM. Before starting the Kafka broker service, the first thing I had to do is start the Zookeeper service:
bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties
Zookeeper keeps track of the metadata (the status of the Kafka cluster nodes, Kafka topics, partitions, etc) and it does so by writing to a shared log. While Kafka has so far worked great with Zookeeper, it is a separate system that makes learning, deploying, and managing Kafka difficult. KIP-500 talks about how Kafka can use itself to store the metadata. Kafka is pretty good at writing to shared log (that's what it does primarily) and that's why it makes total sense to move away from Zookeeper dependency. There is a number of benefits to this architectural decision:
 - the metadata can be stored in memory rather than stored in Zookeeper resulting in a drastic reduction in recovery time from both controlled and uncontrolled shutdown
 - doubling the maximum allowed number of partitions to 2M and the potential to reach 10M+ partitions per cluster
Colin McCabe goes deep in this video about KIP500 and the decision to get rid of Zookeeper.
KIP-405 - Kafka Tiered Storage
Kafka is an important part of data infrastructure and KIP-405 is based on a simple principle that recent data is much more valuable than old data. This means the latency to read recent data should be much low and you are willing to pay more for the storage. Historical data, on the other hand, is not read that often and can be stored away in some cheap/cold storage. Your data scientist might read that data once every few months. While throughput is still important for historical data, you should not care too much about the latency. The main benefit of this design decision is that it opens up elasticity. While you store most of the data in S3 or HDFS, you can store the amount of recent data in memory (which might only be a few MB). This means that rather than taking hours or days to copy all of the partitions and the data that no one would ever read; when you add a new broker, you only copy the recent data which is needed to serve the real-time traffic. An additional benefit to tiered storage is that if we can store data in cheap storage, we might not need to delete any data and keep an infinite history of data. Pluggable storage also means that you can swap the storage backend - whether it's S3 or MySQL or store old Kafka data.
If you'd like to learn more, refer to the KIP itself or read Gustavo's blog.
As I wrap up this week's learning, I have some key takeaways:
 - Great architectures have conceptual integrity. It doesn't happen by accident and conscious decisions need to be made throughout the evolution of that software to keep the integrity.
 - Picking the right abstraction opens up the inherent efficiencies of the underlying hardware. Trying to improve software without considering the hardware and OS optimizations is an uphill battle.
 - Continuous improvement of software is directly proportional to the level of decoupling among its components.
While I explore topics to learn for next week, feel free to send suggestions my way. If you're learning Kafka alongside, I'll be super interested to hear your experience in the comments.


text:
Central Bank of Kenya Governor Clarifies Cryptocurrency Status: Legal Trade, Illegal Tender
Governor Kamau Thugge emphasized that the Central Bank of Kenya does not possess the authority to issue licenses or regulate cryptocurrency.
By Anna B Kiwanuka
Trade in cryptocurrency remains legal in Kenya as there are currently no regulatory frameworks in place to prohibit it, according to statements made by CBK Governor Kamau Thugge. However, it is important to note that cryptocurrency is still considered illegal tender within the country. Thugge clarified this stance while appearing before a parliamentary Ad hoc committee that was investigating the activities of Worldcoin. He emphasized that the Central Bank of Kenya does not possess the authority to issue licenses or regulate cryptocurrency.
Thugge stated, "To my knowledge, trade in cryptocurrency has not been made illegal in Kenya, and so the fact that there is trade in it is not itself illegal." The primary concerns surrounding cryptocurrency in Kenya relate to potential risks such as money laundering and terrorism financing.
To safeguard Kenyan citizens from these vulnerabilities, Thugge revealed that the Central Bank has issued notices warning about the risks associated with trading in cryptocurrency. He mentioned that in 2015, when cryptocurrency gained prominence in the country, the CBK issued a public notice cautioning Kenyans about this new, legally undefined asset and its unknown owners. In the same year, the CBK also issued a circular to commercial banks, advising them to refrain from engaging in virtual asset activities. Additionally, in 2018, the CBK, along with other regulatory agencies, issued a notice urging Kenyans not to engage with financial products and services that lack proper licensing. It is important to note that the CBK has never granted licenses for cryptocurrency or Bitcoin.
Thugge, who was also representing Treasury Cabinet Secretary Njuguna Ndung'u, highlighted the steps taken to explore digital currency adoption in Kenya. While acknowledging that a CBK digital currency is not a current priority, he emphasized that Kenya's existing payment systems, including Mpesa, are functioning effectively and promoting financial inclusion.
"We are cautious. We want to maximize opportunities while minimizing risks because this is an area that is rapidly changing so that we are not left behind on this technological progress and innovation," explained Thugge. In 2022, the CBK issued a discussion paper seeking input on the potential applicability of a CBK digital currency in the country. The paper received responses from various stakeholders, including individuals, government bodies, commercial banks, payment and technology service providers, academia, the legal profession, and international development partners. Feedback indicated that a CBK digital currency could enhance efficiency and transparency while reducing costs. However, concerns were raised about the disintermediation of banks, high implementation costs, technology challenges, financial exclusion, and cyber threats.
In June 2023, a technical paper was published outlining cryptocurrency regulations and drawing lessons from global standards. It also proposed actions for consideration. Thugge noted that several jurisdictions had already implemented policies addressing cryptocurrency assets to mitigate financial risks, money laundering, and terrorism financing.


Safeguarding WPA2-Enterprise: The Essentials of Certificate Lifecycle
Due to the number of certificates an organization owns at a time, managing all these certificates at once can be challenging for human labor and requires some skills and intellect. At any one time, an organization may have critical enterprise, security, management, and other operational software certificates for the company. Managing all the certificates is critical to prevent security risks, untimely expiry, certificate compromise and other challenges, such as using illegitimate certificates, which can further increase the security threats.
A certificate lifecycle refers to the certificate timeline beginning from acquisition, active use in the company and when renewed, revoked or discarded. Failure to manage your certificates can lead to security vulnerabilities, damage costs due to late renewals, brand reputation due to security attacks and other consequences. To prevent these consequences, let's explore the need, requirements and activities involved in managing all your certificates.
Critical Components for Certificate Lifecycle Management
Managing the certificate involves different activities; however, you must meet various requirements ideal for the ideal certificate management practices. These requirements include:
 - Installation Guidelines and Requirements
Before diagnosing any issues with the certificate, you must install the certificate then configure it to the company domain, performing various roles such as validating and inspecting the certificate. Meeting these requirements is to ensure the certificate is compatible with the organization's systems and it is error-free. Only after installation can you understand the validity and legitimacy; hence you need tools to identify the certificate validity, vendor authentication, successful installation and diagnosis for any security issues.
 - Monitoring and Audits Tools
Upon installation, you must have automation systems which audit the certificate throughout its lifecycle. The audit process involves investigating the certificate's status vs organizational needs vigilance to ensure constant security and identify a compromise or loophole. Audits are key to certificate lifecycle management to prevent fraud and unauthorized access whenever they occur, then take an instant corrective measure.
Audit and monitoring can be performed by the administrators and the automated monitoring systems to give the admins a glimpse of what the users are doing with the certificates. It is the key security strategy to ensure employees do not act maliciously; neither can external forces access the authority to the organization system with the help of employees.
 - Automation Tools and Requirements
Managing all the organizational certificates can be overwhelming to be performed by people hence the need for automation. Managing all the certificates using human labor can lead to errors and is time-consuming due to the volume of work and the repetitive nature. To automate, you must have a digital management system with details of all active certificates and the authority to perform additional functions. These functions include audit, testing for validity, security management etc.
5 Stages of Certificate Lifecycle Management
Managing your certificate involves various activities that are mainly divided into different stages, each having different activities. These stages include:
 1. Issuance and Installation
Once the certificate is issued after you complete the purchase and the purchase is validated by the untrusted certificate authority, the next stage is installation. You must follow the installation guidelines to install the certificate for your domain or the servers. During this stage, your role is to ensure the issuance authority is legitimate; the license should be offered by a trusted vendor or the actual manufacturer.
This stage can also be called the certificate validation process to ensure validity by investigating the relevant authorities' identity and legitimacy. Another process involved is certificate distribution, which is distributing the certificate after installation onto your systems. The activities at this stage include creating security profiles for those who grant access permission and ensuring the existence of various infrastructures to accomplish the roles.
 1. Certificate Remediation
Suppose you identify any issue with the certificates; there are two actions you can take that is reissuing and revoking. A reissue is to order another certificate from the vendor, especially when there is a notable concern with the existing certificates; hence another one is issued to address the original needs. To revoke a certificate to stop using it due to security concerns and then prove these damages to the issuing authority.
Revoking the certificate involves sending the details to the CA so that the CA can confirm revocation, upon which the CA confirm if the certificate is good, unknown or revocation. Therefore, it is also ideal for the company to confirm the certificate is legitimate by verifying the details, such as the issuing CA. In case of any issues, especially errors from your actions, you are likely to take responsibility; however, if the error is due to certificate features and weaknesses, the CA can reissue or be liable for damages.
 1. Certificate Auditing and Monitoring
Certificate auditing is a continuous process that involves activities like examining the certificates to ensure it not compromised, still, satisfy the company's needs, the security details are in company or manager control etc. Certificate audit reveals the certificate's unsuitability, compromise, suitability for the organizations and other concerns.
This process is ideal for tracking and monitoring the certificates issued for your servers and domains to enable you to keep track of the certificates to ensure they are renewed in time before expiry. It also involves monitoring details such as issuance, expiry, authority etc. hence the need to use digital tools to manage the certificates. If you have multiple certificates, this is one of the most crucial stages to ensure you have control over all certificates.
Based on the audit outcomes, the company can proceed to other stages, which are certificate renewal and destruction:
 1. Certificate Destruction
If the use for the certificate expires, the certificate will be destroyed, which is the process of destroying the certificate since it is no longer in use and should not be used. The destruction is a process in case the company changes the vendor, software and other security features that are no longer compatible or suitable for the existing certificates.
 1. Certificate Renewal
When the certificate you are using meets all your needs and adequately addresses your security concerns, you can use it for the full term. Once a certificate expires, the security benefits also expire, creating a loophole for security threats hence more vulnerabilities.
Therefore, the best strategy is to plan for a renewal before the expiry date reaches i.e. you can renew it a month before the actual expiry. Due to the number of certificates you are monitoring, you can have a certificate lifecycle management system that detects an expiry and then initiate a renewal process instantly or as it approaches the expiry.
Conclusion
The entire certificate lifecycle management is complicated and challenging due to the number of certificates to manage hence the need for automation using different digital lifecycle management. The automation should include stages and processes like validation, destruction and audit. Automation is more suitable than a human process since it constantly monitors the certificates throughout the lifecycle and their use in the organization.
Leave a Reply
You cannot copy content of this page


text:
Jonathan J. Hazard
(1744 – c. 1824) was an American
statesman and anti-federalist
who served as a delegate for Rhode Island
in the Continental Congress
Jonathan was born to a Quaker
(Religious Society of Friends) family in Newport, Rhode Island
. He was first elected to the Rhode Island General Assembly
in 1776. In 1777 and early 1778 he served as paymaster of the Rhode Island regiment of the Continental Army
. Then in 1778 he re-entered the Assembly, serving there until 1786. In 1786 and 1787, Rhode Island's assembly appointed him as delegate to the Continental Congress. After that he returned to assembly (serving until 1805), where he became a leader of the anti-federalist Country Party
Hazard was a delegate to the state's ratifying convention that considered the U.S. Constitution
in 1789. His active opposition was one of the reasons this convention adjourned without a vote. By the following spring he at least chose to remain silent as the Assembly voted in favor of ratification on May 29, 1790. This marked the start of a steady decline in his political influence.
In 1805 Jonathan, along with his wife Patience and their younger children, moved west to a new settlement being established by the Society of Friends (Quakers) in Oneida County, New York
. He died there sometime about 1824.


text:
A Caldecott medalist often called "the book that broke the color barrier" in mainstream children's publishing
Winter still has enough muscle here in New Jersey that the library was closed for snow yesterday. So I couldn't put my hands on a trailblazing book about the kind of weather we're having now, Ezra Jack Keats's The Snowy Day (Puffin, 40 pp., $6.99, paperback, and other editions). And because I haven't read it, I'll have to quote an excellent reference book and hope that teachers, librarians or others will jump in with comments.
"Keats illustrated nearly a dozen books before writing his first, The Snowy Day, which won the 1963 Caldecott Medal," former children's librarian Mary Mehlman Burns writes in The Essential Guide to Children's Books and Their Creators (Houghton Mifflin, 2002), edited by Anita Silvey. "A celebration of color, texture, design, and childhood wonder, The Snowy Day is significant in that it was one of the first picture books in which a minority child is seen as Everychild. Years before, Keats had come across photos of a young boy, and he recalled that 'his expressive face, his body attitudes, the way he wore his clothes, totally captivated me.' The boy was to become Peter, who, in his red snowsuit, discovers the joys of dragging sticks and making tracks in the snow. After its publication, Keats found out that the photos had come from a 1940 Life magazine – he had retained the images for over 20 years.
"With solid and patterned paper as wedges of color, Keats _URL_ used collage to create endearing characters and energetic cityscapes, not only in The Snowy Day (1962) but also in Whistle for Willie (1964) and Peter's Chair (1964)."
A generation of readers – black and white – is grateful to The Snowy Day, sometimes called "the book that broke the color barrier" in picture books from mainstream publishers. One of the latest editions is a DVD-and-book gift set that Viking published in September and includes Whistle for Willie.
© 2008 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.


text:
Insider Guide: Thatching
In our second Insider Guide, we're turning our attention to thatching, a traditional roofing method which dates back over 2,500 years.
In itself, thatching has several advantages, not least its environmental credentials. It uses natural resources, and the harvesting of the materials it requires both encourages new growth and benefits wildlife. Thatching offers very good insulation, enabling the property to be warm in winter and cool in summer, and is also helpful for soundproofing. Importantly, also, a thatched roof gives a feeling of elegance and tradition to the appropriate dwelling, and can elevate the property's value.
The downsides to thatching include the effect on insurance premiums – being combustible, it can inflate the cost of buildings insurance. At Anglian Home Surveyors we recommend that homeowners seek suitable insurance from companies that specialise in insuring thatched properties as their rates are likely to be lower than those offered by general insurance companies. The costs of maintenance and replacement can also be higher than for a conventional slate roof.
The main types of thatch used in the UK and the commonly quoted probable life expectancies for the principal thatching materials are as follows:
- Water reed, often known as Norfolk reed, which has a lifespan of around 50 to 80 years
- Combed wheat reed, which will last 30 to 40 years
- Long straw, which requires a wire mesh cover and will last between 15 and 25 years
- Sedge, which is usually used for roof ridges and has a useful life of 10 to 12 years
There are exceptions to these rules, with some cases of water reed roofs lasting only 15 years and long straw roofs lasting 50 years plus. The quality of the thatcher, their experience in using the material, the quality of the material, the pitch of the roof and geographical or meteorological factors such as wind can all be a major factor in the lifespan of the thatching. The key is to choose the right thatcher, who in turn will ensure the correct thatch materials are used to meet the demands of the location and design of the property within the constraints of listed building or conservation area requirements.
Thatching deteriorates over time, and there are several factors which can contribute to this process. Microbial action is one of the main causes, and this can be accelerated by moisture, so it is preferable to keep the roof as dry as possible, and the growth of moss and lichens can be controlled through chemical treatments. When nesting, birds are a factor as they frequently pull out complete strands of straw, but potentially more of an issue are rodents – including rats, mice and squirrels – as they can chew the straw into smaller lengths. Covering the thatch with a well-maintained wire mesh can help to prevent much of this damage. It is also not unheard of for bats to be present in roof space, and if this is the case, it is important to consult Natural England or the Bat Conservation Trust as the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 states that it is an offence to disturb them when in situ.
With the increased risk of fire that thatching presents, precautions such as ensuring any bonfires and barbecues are kept well away from the building can help to keep everyone safe. It is useful to fit a spark guard to the chimney stack, to have the chimney swept once a year and to test all electrical installations regularly in order to reduce the risk of short circuiting.
It is also possible to apply fire-retardant materials either beneath or on top of the thatch for further protection. Any use of fire retardents or fire protection barriers to roof slopes in the case of a total re-thatch needs to be carefully considered because although they may slow the spread of fire they may lead to reduced ventilation which in turn may cause more rapid degradation of the thatching material used on your roof. It is generally recognised that flue liners reduce the risk of fire to thatch and should be fitted where appropriate to those flues being used.
It is vital to maintain thatching effectively as it does degrade over time. The most noticeable deterioration is the appearance of hollows and soft patches, and the ridges will gradually wear away over the course of 12 years. A qualified thatcher can carry our routine maintenance, and an annual inspection will uncover any issues that need attention.
As a homeowner, it is down to you to maintain thatching and ensure the safety of anyone who enters the property. If you're at all concerned about your thatched roof, or any other aspect of your property, why not call Raphael Stipic of Anglian Home Surveyors, a leading building surveyor in Cambridge, on 01223 661439?
It is important to obtain an independent survey of the condition of the thatch on the property you intend to purchase from an individual who does not have a vested interest in any potential financial outlay as a result of the survey.
- Home buyer surveys
- Full building surveys
- Listed/cherished building surveys
- Building defect reports
- Party wall matters
08 Oct 2018
Keeping up to date with party wall matters
26 Sep 2018
Learning about Mi Buy To Let Surveys
05 Sep 2018
Helping buy-to-let landlords stay compliant
Newsletter sign up
A new and unique Mi Buy To Let survey product is to be released shortly. Update to follow end of month. _URL_
Nice one! Couple illegally converted their garage into an extra house _URL_
Give your house an MOT this week! _URL_


text:
Institute of Marine Science Aquarium and Museum, known for offering education and entertainment, features a large collection of fish, crustaceans and marine vegetation native to Thailand. The aquarium cum museum, which is also known as Bang Saen Institute of Marine Science (BIMS) is often a destination of school and college tours. Its proximity to Bang Saen beach makes it a more desirable place. The institute has also got superb research facility.
Aquarium with the Laboratories
This is not just an aquarium but also an aquarium as well as the laboratories. The institute focuses on the different aquatic species and exhibits fine marine environment. In fact the institute can be segregated into three components: Marine Aquarium, Marine Science Museum and Marine Science Laboratories. All three components work together and make the institute a highly efficient and diversified capability institute.
Aquatic creatures found in the museum and the aquarium here have been living in the waters of the Gulf of Thailand. The aquarium, which has good native collection of fish, crustaceans and marine vegetation was originally funded bya grant from the Japanese government in 1982. If one wants an meaningful day of excursion from Pattaya, Institute of Marine Science Aquarium and Museum would be the natural choice.
Inculcating Marine Awareness
The aquarium and museum has played great part in inculcating the sense of marine awareness among the visitors. They get to see the marine life in close quarters and thus understand it. They get to known that humans too have a role and interest in preserving the marine life. The place is ideal for entertainment and education. In short we can say that it is a fine edutainment place.
The museum is affiliated with Burapha University.
Opening Days and Time
Both the aquarium and museum are open for visitors from 8:30 am to 4:00 pm from Tuesday through Friday and on public holidays. It remains closed on all Mondays. Admission fee is also very affordable.


skip to navigation
skip to content
zope.browserresource 4.2.1
Browser resources implementation for Zope.
zope.browserresource Overview
Note
This package is at present not reusable without depending on a large chunk of the Zope Toolkit and its assumptions. It is maintained by the Zope Toolkit project.
This package provides an implementation of browser resources. It also provides directives for defining those resources using ZCML.
Resources are static files and directories that are served to the browser directly from the filesystem. The most common example are images, CSS style sheets, or JavaScript files.
Resources are be registered under a symbolic name and can later be referred to by that name, so their usage is independent from their physical location.
You can register a single file with the <browser:resource> directive, and a whole directory with the <browser:resourceDirectory> directive, for example
<browser:resource
file="/path/to/static.file" name="myfile" />
<browser:resourceDirectory
directory="/path/to/images" name="main-images" />
This causes a named adapter to be registered that adapts the request to zope.interface.Interface (XXX why do we not use an explicit interface?), so to later retrieve a resource, use zope.component.getAdapter(request, name='myfile').
There are two ways to traverse to a resource,
 1. with the 'empty' view on a site, e. g. http://localhost/@@/myfile (This is declared by zope.browserresource)
 2. with the ++resource++ namespace, e. g. http://localhost/++resource++myfile (This is declared by zope.traversing.namespace)
In case of resource-directories traversal simply continues through its contents, e. g. http://localhost/@@/main-images/subdir/sample.jpg
Rather than putting together the URL to a resource manually, you should use zope.traversing.browser.interfaces.IAbsoluteURL to get the URL, or for a shorthand, call the resource object. This has an additional benefit:
If you want to serve resources from a different URL, for example because you want to use a web server specialized in serving static files instead of the appserver, you can register an IAbsoluteURL adapter for the site under the name 'resource' that will be used to compute the base URLs for resources.
For example, if you register _URL_ as the base 'resource' URL, the resources from the above example would yield the following absolute URLs: _URL_ and _URL_
Changes
4.2.1 (2017-09-01)
 - Fix dependencies of the zcml extra.
4.2.0 (2017-08-04)
 - Add support for Python 3.5 and 3.6.
 - Drop support for Python 2.6 and 3.3.
4.1.0 (2014-12-26)
4.0.2 (2014-11-04)
 - Return no ETag if no adapter is registered, disabling the requirement for applications that was introduced in 3.11.0 (GitHub #1)
4.0.1 (2013-04-03)
 - Fix some Python 3 string vs bytes issues.
4.0.0 (2013-02-20)
 - Replace deprecated zope.component.adapts usage with equivalent zope.component.adapter decorator.
 - Replace deprecated zope.interface.classProvides usage with equivalent zope.interface.provider decorator.
 - Replace deprecated zope.interface.implementsOnly usage with equivalent zope.interface.implementer_only decorator.
 - Replace deprecated zope.interface.implements usage with equivalent zope.interface.implementer decorator.
 - Drop support for Python 2.4 and 2.5.
 - Add support for Python 3.3.
3.12.0 (2010-12-14)
 - Add zcml extra dependencies and fixed dependencies of configure.zcml on other packages' meta.zcml.
 - Add a test for including our own configure.zcml.
3.11.0 (2010-08-13)
 - Support the HTTP ETag header for file resources. ETag generation can be customized or disabled by providing an IETag multi-adapter on (IFileResource, your-application-skin).
3.10.3 (2010-04-30)
 - Prefer the standard libraries doctest module to the one from zope.testing.
3.10.2 (2009-11-25)
 - The previous release had a broken egg, sorry.
3.10.1 (2009-11-24)
 - Import hooks functionality from zope.component after it was moved there from zope.site. This lifts the dependency on zope.site and thereby, ZODB.
 - Import ISite and IPossibleSite from zope.component after they were moved there from zope.location.
3.10.0 (2009-09-25)
 - Add an ability to forbid publishing of some files in the resource directory, this is done by fnmatch'ing the wildcards in the forbidden_names''class attribute of ''DirectoryResource. By default, the .svn is in that attribute, so directories won't publish subversion system directory that can contain private information.
3.9.0 (2009-08-27)
Initial release. This package was splitted off zope.app.publisher as a part of refactoring process.
Additional changes that are made during refactoring:
 - Resource class for file resources are now selected the pluggable way. The resource directory publisher and browser:resource ZCML directive now creating file resources using factory utility lookup based on the file extension, so it's now possible to add new resource types without introducing new ZCML directives and they will work inside resource directories as well.
 NOTE: the "resource_factories" attribute from the DirectoryResource was removed, so if you were using this attribute for changing resource classes for some file extensions, you need to migrate your code to new utility-based mechanism.
 See zope.browserresource.interfaces.IResourceFactoryFactory interface.
 - The Image resource class was removed, as they are actually simple files. To migrate, simply rename the "image" argument in browser:resource and browser:i18n-resource directives to "file", if you don't do this, resouces will work, but you'll get deprecation warnings.
 If you need custom behaviour for images, you can register a resource factory utility for needed file extensions.
 - The PageTemplateResource was moved into a separate package, "zope.ptresource", which is a plugin for this package now. Because of that, the "template" argument of browser:resource directive was deprecated and you should rename it to "file" to migrate. The PageTemplateResource will be created for "pt", "zpt" and "html" files automatically, if zope.ptresource package is included in your configuration.
 - Fix stripping the "I" from an interface name for icon title, if no title is specified.
 - When publishing a resource via Resources view, set resource parent to an ISite object, not to current site manager.
 - Clean up code and improve test coverage.

File Type Py Version Uploaded on Size
zope.browserresource-4.2.1.tar.gz (md5) Source 2017-09-01 29KB


text:
The history of an obsession that once shaped the world...
In the ancient Egyptian temple of Dayr al-Bahri is preserved the earliest surviving representation of a merchant fleet. Date to around 1495 BC, rows of hieroglyphs record that the pharaoh Queen Hatshepsut sent the fleet 1900 miles south to the land of Punt, a mysterious kingdom somewhere in the Horn of Africa, whence it returned in triumph with a priceless cargo of cinnamon. Yet cinnamon never grew there; it comes from the islands of Southeast Asia. The scarcely credible conclusion is that by 1500 BC there was a trade in cinnamon from one side of the Indian Ocean to the other. At some unknown place, the long-forgotten merchants of Punt acquired the spice, and then resold it for the use of the embalmers, cosmeticians, priests, gods and god-kings of the Nile.
These hints of an ancient trade in spices are only the first, tantalisingly obscure fragments of an epic story. For the sake of spices, fortunes have been made, empires built and destroyed, and new worlds discovered. In the seventeenth century more people died for the sake of cloves than in all the European dynastic wars of the period. Perhaps only the story of mankind's infatuation with precious metals can rival the story of spice in scope; and only the history of silver and gold rivals that of spice for its improbable and extraordinary combination of discovery and conquest, heroism and savagery, greed and violence.
The history of spice encompasses all the old civilisations and the new, from the lands of the Old Testament to the Spice Islands themselves. This is Jack Turner's first work, but the ambition and brilliance and lucidity of his writing surely mark him out as a new star in the historical firmament. This will be a remarkable book.
- Publication Date:
- 29 / 09 / 2004
- 153 x 234mm


text:
Horticultural consultant: job description
Horticultural consultants are responsible for maintaining a careful balance of flora and fauna under constantly changing conditions. Key tasks include:
- developing and maintaining a set of client contacts
- visiting clients on site
- undertaking environmental assessments
- analysing horticultural yields
- designing garden plans/planting layouts
- advising about tree planting schemes
- planning restoration projects
- organising horticultural trials
- making presentations
- writing technical publications, advisory leaflets and reports
- attending conferences
- maintaining an awareness of industry developments
- undertaking research
- maintaining financial and administrative records
- developing, advertising and marketing services.
Variations in workloads relate to seasonal demands – some long and unsocial hours may be necessary during busy periods. Opportunities for promotion into senior consultancy positions are limited – relocation or specialisation is normally required. Many horticultural consultants work on a freelance basis, after many years of experience in other horticultural roles.
- Specialist horticultural consultancies
- Local authorities
- Wildlife or heritage trusts
- Commercial food processing companies
- Packaging and distribution companies
- Horticultural, agricultural or environmental associations
A large number of horticultural consultants are self-employed.
Jobs are advertised by careers services, in local/national newspapers and publications including Opportunities, Horticulture Week, New Scientist, Nature, Farmers Weekly and their online equivalents. Speculative applications are advisable as many posts receive little advertising. Trade directories such as the British Institute of Agricultural Consultants (BIAC) Directory may provide useful contact information.
A degree or higher national diploma (HND) in horticulture, agriculture, soil or earth sciences, environmental science, agricultural engineering or crop/plant science is normally the minimum academic requirement for entry into the profession. A relevant postgraduate qualification may be necessary for some opportunities. Read our article on scientific postgraduate study to explore your different options and visit the science section of TARGETpostgrad for lots more advice.
Prior practical work experience is usually essential as vacancies attract strong competition. A full driving licence is also normally required.
- Commercial awareness
- Problem solving skills
- Analytical skills
- Sales skills
- Organisation and project management skills
- Substantial knowledge of horticultural issues
Next: search graduate jobs and internships
- View our science and research graduate vacancies and internships
- Read our article on how to get a graduate job in science, research and development


text:
This topic contains information on disaster-related limited cash-out refinance flexibilities, including:
Fannie Mae provides flexibilities to standard limited cash-out refinance policies for borrowers who have been impacted by a natural disaster. These guidelines:
permit the refinance of non-purchase money subordinate loans obtained to finance disaster-related property repairs, and
provide for a higher cash-out amount to reimburse borrowers for documented out-of-pocket expenses related to disaster-related property repairs.
This topic outlines the specific eligibility requirements for these additional flexibilities.
These flexibilities may be applied to loans on properties located in any counties, cities, or parishes that are designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as eligible for Individual Assistance as a result of a natural disaster (these areas are referred to as "FEMA Disaster Areas").
These guidelines are applicable only to loans secured by the borrower's principal residence, and may not be used in connection with second homes or investment properties.
A borrower may obtain:
a limited cash-out refinance to consolidate non-purchase money subordinate financing used for repair of disaster-related property damage to his or her principal residence. To be eligible, the subordinate financing, including any draws on an existing HELOC, must post-date the disaster. However, the borrower may pay off the entire HELOC through the limited cash-out refinance, provided that a portion of the amount was used for disaster-related expenses to repair property damage to the principal residence.
cash-out for reimbursement of documented out-of-pocket expenses for the completed repair of disaster-related property damage to his or her principal residence in an amount not to exceed the lesser of 10% of the balance of the new refinance loan or $15,000.
All existing guidelines and requirements for limited cash-out refinance transactions listed in this section continue to apply, including those for Texas Section 50(a)(6) loans (see B5-4.1-01, Texas Section 50(a)(6) Loans).
The lender must document that the subordinate financing (or a portion of the HELOC) or the entire requested cash-out amount represents funds used for completed disaster-related property repairs.
Generally, documentation includes copies of receipts, work orders, canceled checks, etc., related to the cost of materials and labor.
The borrower may not receive any reimbursement for amounts representing his or her sweat equity in connection with the repairs.
Certain messages on the DU Underwriting Findings Report will not apply to loans originated under the disaster-related limited cash-out refinance requirements.
When the loan complies with the requirements of this section, lenders may disregard the following messages:
This case is ineligible because the amount of cash taken out of the subject property equity exceeds the limit of 2% of the loan amount or $2,000 for limited cash-out refinances.
If any subordinate lien that was not used to acquire the subject property is to be paid off with first mortgage proceeds, the loan is ineligible as a limited cash-out refinance. The loan must be resubmitted as a cash-out refinance.
If subordinate liens are being paid off with the first mortgage proceeds, obtain written documentation that the subordinate lien was used to acquire the subject property.
Fannie Mae will grant the lender the limited waiver of underwriting representations and warranties for these loans, including those mortgages that receive an Approve/Ineligible recommendation, provided the loan meets the requirements contained in this section as well as those contained in A2-2-04, Limited Waiver and Enforcement Relief of Representations and Warranties for Mortgages Submitted to DU.
The appraisal for the property must follow standard requirements contained in Chapter B4–1, Appraisal Guidelines.
Those guidelines allow an appraisal to be based on the "as is" condition of the property provided there are no conditions that affect the safety, soundness, or structural integrity of the property. If those conditions do exist, the property must be appraised subject to completion of the specific alterations or repairs ("as repaired") and a completion report must be obtained from the appraiser prior to delivery of the mortgage to Fannie Mae.
Loans originated in accordance with this section must be delivered to Fannie Mae no later than two years from the date of the disaster declaration by FEMA.
Loans delivered under these guidelines must include SFC 416 as part of the delivery data.


text:
the process of making or growing things to be sold, especially in large quantities [↪ produce, product]
the production of consumer goods
food/oil/milk etc production
agricultural production and distribution
production costs/facilities/processes etc
high-tech production methods
be in production (=being produced)
By September, the new motors were in production.
go into/out of production (=begin to be produced in large numbers, or stop being produced)
The new model will go into production next year.
the amount of goods that are made or grown
increase/rise/fall etc in production
a drop in oil and gas production
when something is produced through a natural process
the skin's natural production of oil
4 [uncountable and countable]A
a play, film, broadcast etc that is produced for the public, or the process of producing it:
the new Shakespeare production at the Arts Theatre
In 1992, Green moved into video production.
when you show something:
Entrance is only permitted on production of a ticket.


text:
We will make a barometer to measure changes air pressure. Air pressure is caused by the molecules of air piled up on top of each other and pushing down. We do not normally notice these changes, but may have done if we have been in an airplane. The air pressure is quite a bit lower up high, so much so that airplane cabins need to be artificially pressurized so that we can breathe up there.
How to make a bottle barometer, which can show changes in air pressure:
Add the water to the empty drink bottle. Optional: add several drops food dye.
Insert the tubing into the bottle until one end rests on the bottom of the bottle and the other end hangs out of the bottle.
Suck on the tubing end outside of the bottle, until the water almost reaches your mouth.
Take your mouth off the end of the tubing and immediately plug the end with some clay/playdough. If the water level inside the tubing drops out of sight before plugging with clay, retry until the water line is high enough up the tubing to be clearly in view.
Watch the level in the tube for a little while to make sure the modelling clay makes an airtight seal on the end of the tube.
Add a piece of tape to the outside of the tube with a line on it, or on the wall next to where it is taped, to show the initial level of the water.
The level in the tubing will rise up and down as the atmospheric air pressure changes over several days:
Air pushes down on the water surface inside the bottle, which holds the water up in the tube.
If the atmospheric air pressure rises (usually associated with clear weather), the air pushes down more on the water surface inside the bottle, which pushes the water level further along the tube.
If the air pressure drops (usually associated with rainy weather), air pushes down less on the water surface inside the bottle and the water level in the tube will drop.
To immediately see how the water level in the tube changes, use your breath to change the air pressure inside the bottle:
Cut a straw in half and wrap more modelling clay around it, sealing to make sure that there are no air gaps.
Insert the straw into the barometer bottle mouth, and use the clay to seal over the top of the bottle and around the tubing.
Blow into the straw. If their is no air leakage, you will make the air pressure in the bottle rise, which will push the liquid up the tubing.
It takes a lot of puff to move the water line only a little. This gives a sense of the pressure changes that occur in our atmosphere regularly, but we do not notice so much (unless we have arthritis which can cause sensitivity to pressure changes in the joints).
To watch atmospheric air pressure change over time, tape the tube onto a nearby wall. Check regularly, especially when the weather is changing to see the liquid level rise or fall.
Clear weather is associated with higher pressure because local high pressure air will move outwards away from the high pressure region to lower pressure regions around. This air is replaced by air from above.
Rainy weather is associated with lower pressure because local low pressure means that surrounding higher pressure air will move inwards. Then it is forced upwards. The rising air cools and water condenses out forming clouds and often bringing rain.


text:
Core Temperature of Sun
How do scientist know the sun's core temperature?
This is a good question, after all, we have no direct access to the sun's
core, but if we apply some knowledge of physics, we can get to a reasonable
approximation quite readily.
First, we have to understand that the sun is mostly gas-like particles. If
the sun did not have gravity the gases would spread away since nothing would
hold them in place. However, if all the sun had was gravity, then that would
compress the gas into a smaller volume. Since the sun is giving off energy,
then the gases spread out and the sun is bigger than it would be if it was
not giving off energy. So there are two opposing forces: (1) the gravity of
the sun which pulls the gas-like particles inward, and (2) the energy output
of the sun which pushes the gas-like particles outward. The sun's size is
the result of the balancing of these two forces.
Next, we need to find the mass of the sun. We can measure the gravity of the
sun, by observing how the planets are moving around the sun. Since we know
that mass is related to gravity, we now have a value for the mass of the
BUT we know how much gravity this amount of mass should have. We also know
the effect this gravity would have on the size of the sun - IF it were not
giving off energy. Therefore, we can know just how much energy the sun is
giving off in order to maintain its bigger size.
So, we measure the volume of the sun. That's also easy to do. We simply look
at the sun (under a filter so that we do not burn out our measuring
instruments) and measure its diameter.
So, knowing the mass of the sun, and the size of the sun, can tell us how
much energy the sun is giving off. But we can relate energy to temperature.
And this is how we know the temperature of the core of the sun.
Greg (Roberto Gregorius)
Click here to return to the Astronomy Archives
Update: June 2012


text:
I made a typo in last issue of the newsletter which was corrected right away, but many still got the uncorrected version. Instead of writing C(X,Y) = 0 for uncorrelation, I wrote P(X,Y) = 0. This is a non trivial error, as C(X, Y) = 0 means that the covariance between X and Y variables is zero (uncorrelation) while P(X,Y) = 0 is often used in reference to disjoint (mutually exclusive events). Ah, the power of a single letter-typo… That's kind of stuffs happen when you are pressed with so many deadlines. My apologies for that. I'll repeat this clarification in the next issue of IRW since it covers the second part of the subject on correlation. The purpose of this post is to gives you a sneak preview on what to expect from the June issue.
Variables or events are said to be independent, correlated, uncorrelated, orthogonal, or unrelated depending on the type of scenario.
Independence implies that P(X,Y) = P(X)*P(Y) where P is probability; i.e., the probability of X and Y to occur is equal to the product of the individual variable probabilities.
Correlation is a measure of linear association. Variables can be correlated without having any causal relationship, or can have a causal relationship and yet be uncorrelated.
Uncorrelation implies that C(X,Y) = 0; i.e., the covariance between variables is zero. This implies that their correlation coefficient, r, is also zero since r = C(X,Y)/S(X)*S(Y), where S stands for standard deviation. There is a generalization of this using expectation values; i.e. it is said that X and Y are uncorrelated if and only if E(X,Y) = E(X)*E(Y).
Describing variables as being either orthogonal or uncorrelated is easier to understand in terms of vectors.
If vectors representing raw variables are perpendicular (dot product is zero) then the variables are orthogonal.
Now if the variables are centered and represented as vectors and their dot product is yet zero they are uncorrelated.
In other words, orthogonal denotes that the raw variables (non-centered) are perpendicular while uncorrelated means that the centered variables are perpendicular. C(X,Y) is then obtained from this dot product as C(X,Y) = 0.
There is an old, but still relevant article, Linearly Independent, Orthogonal, and Uncorrelated Variables, written by Rodgers et al which explains all this.


Watch a Pig Decompose Underwater
By Casey Chan on at
Pork is absolutely delicious any which way you cook it, and it seems like sea lice, which are like ocean maggots apparently, would agree too. The sea lice do most of the heavy eating, before shrimp come in to finish the job. It's disturbingly exciting.
Why did scientists throw a dead pig in the ocean? Well, they wanted to get a better idea of how bodies decompose underwater. The experiment, led by forensic scientist Gail Anderson from Simon Fraser University in Canada, shows a pig carcass inside a cage and tracks its entire progress. New Scientist says:
Shrimp come into finish the job but when the scientists retrieved the bones, they were "strangely" jet black for 48 hours. They've never seen that before and are looking at what caused the turn in colour. Watch the video, it ain't pretty. [New Scientist via BoingBoing]


text: The natural variation in quantity and quality of light modifies plant morphology, growth rate and concentration of biochemicals. The aim of two growth-room experiments was to study the combined effects of red (R) and far-red (FR) light and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on the concentrations of leaf phenolics and growth and morphology of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the leaves exposed to supplemental FR relative to R contained higher concentrations of total chlorogenic acids and a cinnamic acid derivative than the leaves treated with supplemental R relative to FR. In contrast, concentration of a flavonoid, quercetin 3-galactoside, was higher in the R + UV-B leaves than in the FR + UV-B leaves. The UV-B induced production of kaempferols, chlorogenic acids and most quercetins were not modified by the R : FR ratio. Growth measurements showed that the leaf petioles and stems of FR seedlings were clearly longer than those of R seedlings, but leaf area was reduced by UV-B radiation. Results of these experiments show that exposure of silver birch seedlings to supplemental FR compared to R leads to fast elongation growth and accumulation of phenolic acids in the leaves.


text:
Typically, a mail address has the following format. For further details, refer to Route–Independent Mail Addresses.
user@subdomain.....subdomain2.subdomain1.top-level-domain
The part of the address to the left of the @ sign is the local address. The local address can contain the following.
Information about routing with another mail transport (for example, bob::vmsvax@gateway or smallberries%mill.uucp@gateway)
An alias (for example, iggy.ignatz)
The receiving mailer is responsible for determining what the local part of the address means. For information about mailers, refer to Mailers and sendmail.
The part of the address to the right of the @ sign shows the domain levels, which is where the local address resides. A dot separates each subdomain. The domain part of the address can be an organization, a physical area, or a geographic region. Furthermore, the order of domain information is hierarchical, so the more local the subdomain, the closer the subdomain is to the @ sign.


Dictionary: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Surface-plate
noun
1.
Machinery. a flat plate used by machinists for testing surfaces that are to be made perfectly flat.
surface plate
noun
1.
another name for faceplate (sense 2)
Tagged:
Read Also:
 - Surface-printing
 [sur-fis-prin-ting] /ˈsɜr fɪsˌprɪn tɪŋ/ noun 1. planography.
 - Surface-ripened
 [sur-fis-rahy-puh nd] /ˈsɜr fɪsˈraɪ pənd/ adjective 1. (of cheese) ripened on the surface by molds or other microorganisms.
 - Surface-road
 noun 1. a road or street level with its surroundings: surface roads and elevated highways.
 - Surface-structure
 noun, Linguistics. (in transformational-generative grammar) 1. a structural representation of the final syntactic form of a sentence, as it exists after the transformational component has modified a deep structure. Compare deep structure. 2. the string of words that is actually produced. surface structure noun 1. (generative grammar) a representation of a string of words or […]
Disclaimer: Surface-plate definition / meaning should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. All content on this website is for informational purposes only.


text:
fudge factor definition
A value or parameter that is varied in an ad hoc way to produce the desired result. The terms "tolerance" and slop
are also used, though these usually indicate a one-sided leeway, such as a buffer that is made larger than necessary because one isn't sure exactly how large it needs to be, and it is better to waste a little space than to lose completely for not having enough. A fudge factor, on the other hand, can often be tweaked in more than one direction. A good example is the "fuzz" typically allowed in floating-point
calculations: two numbers being compared for equality must be allowed to differ by a small amount; if that amount is too small, a computation may never terminate, while if it is too large, results will be needlessly inaccurate. Fudge factors are frequently adjusted incorrectly by programmers who don't fully understand their import.


Last week Congress rolled out H.R. 1, the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." Congress needs to cut taxes and rework its budget, but the proposal contains a troubling provision: It ends the federal Adoption Tax Credit.
Under current law, a taxpayer may claim $13,570 in adoption tax credits per eligible child. This is a small step the federal government takes to encourage adoption.
Considering the government estimates average adoption expenses can run anywhere from $20,000 – $50,000, the credit helps make adoption a reality for many children and families. Unfortunately, the new budget proposal would end this good tax credit.
One way the government can oppose abortion is by promoting adoption. As President Reagan told Congress in 1985,
Adoption gives women alternatives to abortion. That's why in 1995 we worked closely with Sen. Fay Boozman to pass a law in Arkansas giving families tax breaks for adoption expenses.
Congress should keep the federal Adoption Tax Credit in place. It's a simple policy; the federal government misses out on very little tax revenue because of it; but it goes a long way to help end abortion in America.


text:
Provided by: freebsd-manpages_7.0-2_all
vfs_mountedon - check if the vnode belongs to a mounted file system
vfs_mountedon(struct vnode *vp);
vfs_mountedon() inspects the mount structure in vp to determine if it
points to a valid mount point. If the mount is valid, the vnode is
considered to be busy.
A common use of vfs_mountedon() is to call it on device vnodes to
determine if they are already associated with a file system. This is
done to prevent multiple mounts on the same device.
EBUSY is returned if the vnode has a valid mount point; otherwise, 0 is
ffs_mountfs(devvp, mp, td, malloctype)
register struct vnode *devvp;
struct mount *mp;
struct thread *td;
struct malloc_type *malloctype;
error = vfs_mountedon(devvp);
This manual page was written by Chad David 〈_EMAIL_〉.


I accept the Data Protection Declaration
coal mining cost analysis and detailed cash flow Cambodia
Sand maker
Sand washer
Coal mill
Sand dryer
Coal slime dryer
Coal ash dryer
Silica sand dryer
River sand dryer
Coal briquetting machine
How And Why To Value A Coal Mine Fti Consulting
Coal mining cost analysis and detailed cash flow exodus coal prices depend on the calorific value of the coal, as well as the level of impurities present. everything being equal, the higher the CV and the lower the impurities, the higher the expected price per ton. key characteristic of commodity companies is their dependence on the price of the commodity for their cash flow and value.
Mining Economics
Mining automation market demand and growth analysis mining economics & strategy textbook. learning outcomes describe best practice systematic mine planning. explain the importance of engineering decisions based on costs. create cash flow models. perform break even analysis. describe costs from an economic perspective. perform incremental & marginal cost analysis.
Economic Assessment Bhp
Mining industry introduction to mining financial concepts In contrast, cost-benefit analysis estimates cost and benefits of a project using discounted cash flow analysis. unlike the input-output method, the outputs from a cost-benefit analysis would be the net present value internal rate of return and benefit-cost ratio
The Uneconomics Of Coal Fracking And Developing Anwr
Discounted cash flow dcf valuation model template 2019 study of dedicated u.s. shale oil companies found that only four of them had a positive cash flow balance. much of the easiest drilling has already been done. investors havent been
A Sample Coal Mining Business Plan Template
Mining financial model amp valuation the cost for start-up inventory $250,000; the cost for store equipment $13,750; the cost of purchase and installation of cctvs $5,000
Understanding The Operating Costs Of Coal Power Us
New coal mine development and effective use plan figure includes the cash cost of all operating coal units in the us. figure cash costs of US coal units. source: carbon tracker notes: see no country for coal gen for more information. operating costs. when analysing the running cost of coal power an important distinction needs to be made between the cash and operating cost.
New Coal Mine Development And Effective Use Plan
The emergence of discounted cash flow analysis in the integrated coal mining and power project smart use of cambodian coal for domestic power improvement vi executive summary unlike other mineral resources, coal mining has not been tapped in cambodia although availability of coal resaves has been talked about for a long time as much as other mineral resources.
Mining Industry Trends And Challenges Deloitte
An Economic Analysis Of The Urannah Dam Project
User s manual for the cmop cash flow model version detailed discounted cash flow has not been undertaken for the cost benefit analysis of the urannah project. instead it relies on previous present value of costs and benefits from previous work. environmental costs have been estimated using the benefit transfer method and is subject to the inaccuracies of this method.
Mining Valuation Model Templates Efinancialmodels
How and why to value a coal mine fti journal gold mining company discounted cash flow dcf valuation model template price: $99.00. add to wish list. waste removal has been one of the long-standing factors that cost mining companies a lot. so, before the start of the project, a detailed characterization of the existing waste material upon exploration is critical for the companies to
Mining Financial Model Amp Valuation
Investment opportunities in coal mining seeking alpha any mining projectasset with a study is a perfect dcf candidate early stage is much harder to value mining assets are essentially one big npv analysis provide a very detailed plan last years are negative cash flow mining valuation npv
Break Even Analysis Of Mining Project
Aventurine engineering mining technology mining news 2.2 drilling and excavation cost 2.3 surface vs. underground mining costs 2.3.1 mining method costs 2.4 budgeting and cost control 2.5 capital budgeting: methods of appraisal 2.5.1 traditional methods payback period method accounting rate of return method 2.5.2 discounted cash flow methods
Comet Strategy About
Coal mining entrepreneur india cash flow grades scheduling rocks perth, king, 1999 impact of rehabilitation and closure costs on production rate and cut-off grade strategy apcom, london, king, 1998 optimal mining principles, ausimm orebody modelling and strategic mine planning, perth, king, 2009 coal mining in the hunter valley strategic
Monthly Cash Flow Forecast Model Guide And Examples
Establishing the feasibility of your proposed mining key cash flow drivers should be modeled explicitly. microsoft excel is considered the industry standard piece of software in data analysis. monthly inventory inventory days cost of sales investing cash flows forecast. cash outflows include money invested in property, plant,
Mining Sampling Laboratory Analysis In South Africa
Investment opportunities in coal mining seeking alpha certificate of sampling and analysis for coal mining in indonesia. mining crushers mainly include jaw crusher, coal mining cost analysis and detailed cash flow read more. fundamental analysis of mining industry in south africa. mining and minerals in south africa. south africa is a world leader in mining.
Mining Valuation Techniques P Nav P Cf Ev Resource
Coal mining cost forecasts macromonitor pcf, or p-cash flow is also common but only used for producing mines, as it uses the current cash flow in that year, relative to the price in the security. the ratio takes the adjusted cash flow cash flow cash flow is the increase or decrease in the amount of money a business, institution, or individual has.
Powering Down Coal Navigating The Economic And Financial
More coal mine closures bankruptcies to come as demand where profitability is defined as revenues minus long-run operating costs, our analysis finds that due to high fuel costs 42% of coal capacity operating today could be losing money. from 2019 onwards, we expect a combination of renewable energy costs, air pollution regulation and carbon pricing to result in further cost pressures and make 72%
Mining Cost Service Costmine
Coalmod a financial analysis and policy simulation model mining cost service is the industry standard reference for mining cost estimation. this system places cost estimating data at your fingertips with conveniently indexed information to make your cost estimates faster, easier, and more credible. monthly updates assure that you are working with the most current cost data available.
How And Why To Value A Coal Mine Fti Journal
Analysis Of Productivity Trends At A Surface Coal Mine
Coal mining cost mode volume users guide for the surface coal mining productivity in the u.s. and illinois has shown a general declining trend since 1969. the u.s. department of energy conducted an analysis in 1980 of the causes of declining productivity in different states. this paper presents a detailed analysis of
Is Yanzhou Coal Mining Hkg Using Too Much Debt
Coalmod a financial analysis and policy simulation model jan 11, 2021 see our latest analysis for yanzhou coal mining what Is yanzhou coal minings debt? you can click the graphic below for the historical numbers, but it shows that as of september 2020 yanzhou coal mining had CN 79. of debt, an increase on CN 58., over one year. On the flip side, it has CN 27. in cash leading to net debt of about CN
Why Does Coal Survive A Detailed Real World Cashflow Analysis
Coal global resource engineering mining consultants mar 27, 2019 cumulative cash flow analysis is presented for a coal power plant. wind and solar expansion can improve coal profitability due to the value increase of load-following plants in a system with a high market share of variable renewables. CO price increases pose a major risk to coal power plants.
Coal Mining In Canada Industry Data Trends Stats
Coal mining in canada industry data trends stats coal mining in canada industry trends coal mining in canada industry outlook poll average industry growth 025 x.x lock purchase this report or a membership to unlock the average company profit margin for this industry.
Coal Global Resource Engineering Mining Consultants
Why does coal survive a detailed real world cashflow analysis completed a detailed mine plan and economic model based on the developed geologic model. the analysis included creating an overall strip ratio contour map, equipment feet selection, orewaste sequencing including in-pit backfill, capital expenditure estimation by year, and cash flow analysis.
Coalmod A Financial Analysis And Policy Simulation Model
Is yanzhou coal mining hkg using too much debt jan 01, 1987 coalmod financial analysis and policy simulation model for coal mining developments frank basham and philippe monier mineral economics division ministry of energy, mines and petroleum resources victoria, british columbia cim bulletin, march 1981 abstract this paper outlines the scope and applications of
Coal Mining Cost Mode Volume Users Guide For The
New coal mine development and effective use plan articleost, title coal mining cost mode. volume users guide for the underground coal mining cost model. final report, author toth, and annett, r., abstractnote the revised epri coal mining cost models represent a computerized process engineering approach to the analysis of production costs and mining requirements of either surface or underground mining
Mining Automation Market Demand And Growth Analysis
Analysis of productivity trends at a surface coal mine feb 19, 2021 metal mining. mineral mining. coal mining. others. regional analysis for mining automation. the report provides a detailed breakdown of the market region-wise and categorizes it at various levels. regional segment analysis displaying regional production volume, consumption volume, revenue, and growth rate from 026 covers:
More Coal Mine Closures Bankruptcies To Come As Demand
How and why to value a coal mine fti journal coal plants have been economically challenged for the past few years, generating minimal to negative cash flows. and


text:
Cocoa is a city in Brevard County, Florida. The population was 17,140 at the 2010 United States Census. It is part of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Several stories circulate among Cocoa old timers as to how the town got its name. One story says that the mail used to come by river boat and was placed in an empty tin box labeled Baker's Cocoa. The box was nailed to a piling in the river next to downtown. Additionally, an early hotel in the area, located on the Indian River lagoon, was named Cocoa House.The city was chartered in 1895.The population rose dramatically following the development of the space industry, quadrupling from 3,098 in 1940 to 12,244 in 1960. Cocoa and the surrounding area also became integrated with the tourist industry for the first time as thousands visited the area to witness the launches from Cape Canaveral.


text:
Credit Rating Prediction Through Supply Chains: A Machine Learning Approach
Production and Operations Management 31(4), _PHONE_
47 Pages Posted: 18 Nov 2021 Last revised: 10 Jul 2022
Date Written: October 27, 2021
As supply chain channels physical, financial, and information flows as well as associated risks, a firm's supply chain information should be helpful in understanding and predicting its credit risks. Credit ratings as an approximate but important measure of corporate credit risks have been widely used by investors, creditors, and supply chain partners in their decision-making. This paper studies the role of supply chain information in predicting companies' credit ratings. Using firm-level supplier-customer linkages and corporate credit rating data, we develop a machine learning framework with gradient boosted decision tree to examine whether and what supply chain features can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of credit ratings, and what types of supply chain links have higher information content that positively affects the predictability of the supply chain features. We construct a firm's supply chain variables from its supplier and customer portfolios to be used in the machine learning models. We show that incorporating supply chain features can improve prediction accuracy over the benchmark credit rating model using only the focal firm's features. Moreover, the informativeness of supply chain links in focal credit risk prediction depends on the focal firm's industry sector, the relationship strength of such links, and the switching costs. Finally, we develop a focal credit rating prediction model with a high accuracy level using supply chain factors solely, which can potentially be applied to predict credit risks of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and private firms with no public financial information, as long as their supply chain information is available.
Keywords: credit risk, credit rating, supply chains, machine learning application
JEL Classification: E43, E51, G12, G14, G23, G24, G32, L11, L22
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation