Error Codes
What do error codes in the GoZync logs really mean?
Any errors encountered in the sync will be reported in the zync logs tabs in GoZyncMobile and GoZyncHosted.
Many of the errors will be self explanatory, but the guide below may help.
- 101 Record is missing. This is about the table occurrence, not the field.
Most likely reason for this is that you don't have "Allow creation of records..." set to "on" for this table in its relationship with GoZync in the graph of GoZyncMobile.
Turn "Allow creation..." on for the table occurrence mentioned in the error and then try again.
102 Field Missing
There are only a few reasons why you'd see a 102 error.
You've sent a field that doesn't exist in the destination. Remove the field from the sync layout on the source side (the sending side). Note that fields don't have to be on the sync layout in order to be received; fields only need to be there to be sent.
The field exists but has a different name in the destination. See Custom Field Mapping to transform the field name.
You've created a transformation (a custom field mapping) but your field is repeating and you haven't created a field mapping for each repetition.
If these don't apply, see the section "Other Sync Errors" under Troubleshooting.
106 Table is Missing
There is a mismatch between the table occurrence names on the mobile and hosted side of the relationship graph in GoZyncMobile. Even if your actual tables are named something different in the mobile and hosted files, the *occurrences* for those tables in GoZyncMobile's relationship graph need to have the same name (outside of the "gzm_" or "gzh_" prefixes).
You may connected the TO to GoZync on the destination side of the GoZyncMobile graph.
One other thing, that can be hard to spot at first, is that the relationship graph in GoZyncMobile *look* good, but the table occurrences--while named correctly--are either representing the wrong tables or are both pointing at the same file (ie gzm_Contacts and gzh_Contacts are both pointing to the contacts table in your hosted file, for example).
200 Record access is denied.
In this case, access to the records being synced is not permitted for the account being used. Permission must be granted in the mobile and hosted file for each field that will be synced.
301 Record is in use by another user.
Commonly called "record lock".This is exactly what it sounds like: it's not a configuration error.
FileMaker couldn't edit the record (or one of the related records for that entity) because another user was editing it. Feel free to try and sync the record later when the original user has stopped editing it.
500-511 Validation Errors
These will occur when the data coming in fails to meet the validation criteria set up on one of your fields.
You can turn off the validation or change it from "always" to "only during data entry" which will stop it from firing during scripted set fields like those used in GoZync.
You could include a flag-field condition in the validation calculation, then set that flag at the start of the Zync routine, and clear it when it's done.
You could modify the "Commit Records/Requests" step in the "Zengine ( IDsToSync )" script to "Skip data entry validation".
Or you could remove the field validation altogether and instead write a script to do it, then run that script on the server.


text:
Infoplus Light Manufacturing
Control every aspect from components to finished goods and the process in between.
Kitting and Light Manufacturing are a reality for 3PLs as well as privately run warehouses. We know the challenges of doing it on the fly and the importance of getting ahead. Building Kits or finishing the manufacturing process as demand comes is ultimately dependent on your business model and resources. Proactively managing inventory, processes and timing around this part of the operation can create a distinct advantage for your business.
Infoplus Light Manufacturing puts the control in your hands. Produce on demand or schedule and execute ahead of time. Either way, a user defined and controlled manufacturing application such as Infoplus Light Manufacturing creates an environment for consistent, predictable results with a process you define.
User defined inputs, outputs and everything in between.
- Inputs - Define each production input and the quantity to use.
- Production Process - Define stages of production and instructions. How are components picked, laid out, put together and let Infoplus Light Manufacturing manage the rest.
- Outputs - Create a recipe for 1 or 100. Single use or repeatable. From demand or in advance.
Turn components into sales.
- Pick / Layout - execute the first step of a job with the rest in mind. How to pick and from where. How to layout and where. Maximize production output with a well defined first step.
- Production Stages - Assembly line or individual builds are defined, tracked and executed based on your needs and capabilities. Define every step of the process no matter how many steps there are.
- Putaway / Ship - Getting ahead on finished inventory or producing for current demand. You determine what the final step is.
Inventory and Analytics
Know how much you can make and when to make it.
- Low Stocks - Tied into the core analytics of Infoplus allows for accurate demand planning on raw materials and finished goods. When to order more, or produce more based on predictive demand or set points.
- Activity Audits - when running jobs as a 3PL ensure time and effort are invoiced correctly whether time and material or production based.
- Analytics - User defined reports and metrics enable you to track productivity over time and improve production processes.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Personal tools
From YPPedia
A typical bilging puzzle
Bilging is one of seven duty puzzles and the first puzzle new players are assigned to practice. Its mechanics heavily borrow from Nintendo's Tetris Attack and Popcap's Bejeweled.
Good bilgers help to remove water that gradually accumulates in a ship's bilges, which is termed bilge water. The bilge meter displays the water level, and the waterline in the bilging puzzle also corresponds to this level. The higher the bilge level, the less effective sailing is.
Basic gameplay
The mouse or arrow keys move a two-piece target around the board. Clicking or pressing space swaps two selected pieces horizontally. Forming rows or columns of three pieces clears them and the bilge is pumped away.
With a mouse:
 - Mouse Movement: Move Cursor
 - Left Mouse Button: Swap Pieces
On the keyboard:
 - Arrow Keys: Move Cursor
 - Enter: Swap Pieces
 - Space: Swap Pieces
This is an excellent bilge clear.
The best bilgers can create combos that clear more than three pieces. Clearing four or five pieces offers a slight bonus, but one should try to aim for clearing more than one column or row with one move. There are different messages for each combo:
 - Good - 4 in a row
 - Great - 5 in a row
 - Arrr! - 3x3 or 3x4
 - Har! - 4x4
 - Yarrr! - Ax5
 - Bingo! - AxBxC
 - Sea Donkey! - 3x3x3x3, 3x3x3x4, or 3x3x4x4
 - Vegas! - AxBxCx5
Note: The letters refer to a cleared line of any length. For a Vegas it require two horizontal rows of 3, and two vertical rows, only one of which must be 5 in length. A 3x3x3x5 is a vegas, but scores less than a 3x3x4x5 vegas.
It is possible to create chain reactions when bilging, but as chain reactions are often more a result of random chance than strategy, they do not score highly when compared to combos. However, on rare occasions a long chain reaction will clear many blocks and cause multiple crabs to raise above the waterline - these chain reactions can score noticeably well. Chains can also help to "clear out" a board that has begun to run out of combos. A large number of new pieces from chains gives many possibilities for new combos.
The water line
All bilge puzzles start with three lines filled with water at the bottom. This water does not affect the ship's performance, and it cannot be cleared out. If the bilge puzzle is ignored, or played badly, the water level will increase. The higher the damage the ship has sustained, the faster the water will trickle in. This water slows down the effectiveness of sailing. Playing the bilge puzzle effectively will clear out the water to its original level. A side effect of the water line is that pieces moved below it move more slowly.
Crabs, puffer fish, and jellyfish, oh my!
Bilge Critters.png
A crab.gif
Crabs are immovable pieces that are cleared when they reach the water line. Crabs can appear at the 5 star level or higher. Crabs offer a high scoring bonus when cleared, and the bonus increases with the height of the water and the number of crabs simultaneously cleared. Clicking on a crab only results in the crab doing a little jig while shrieking.
The puffer fish expands when clicked and clears itself and the eight adjacent pieces. The puffer fish can appear at the 3 star level or higher. It is detrimental to the score unless it results in a chain reaction clear or it causes one or more crabs to clear by rising above the water line. (Destroying a crab by clicking an adjacent pufferfish does not score a bonus.) Letting pufferfish rise near the top of the screen can make converting crabs from obstacles into bonuses much easier--with one click on a pufferfish near the top of a board it is possible to raise three columns by up to three spaces each. Swapping two pufferfish simply swaps them as if they were normal pieces.
Swapping a colored piece with a jellyfish clears all the pieces of the same color on the board. The Jellyfish can appear at the 6 star level or higher. When used effectively, jellyfish often cause long chain reactions, thus creating new combo possibilities on the board.
Jellyfish do not work on other special pieces. Attempting to swap the jellyfish with a crab does not work. Attempting to swap the jellyfish with the pufferfish will cause the pufferfish to activate first, destroying the jellyfish. Attempting to swap two jellyfish with each other will cause them to swap as if they were normal pieces.
Bilge scoring
Bilge scoring is based around the efficiency of movesthe less moves taken to clear pieces, the higher the score. Unlike sailing, bilging takes time delay directly into account. A small delay is acceptable when searching for a new move. A good balance of strategy and speed is best for a bilger.
An approximation of the bilge scoring system has been compiled by players.
Tips and tricks
Not everyone puzzles the same way.
Players can increase their chances of scoring an incredible on the duty report after the first league by trying to create a double on the first move, and by looking for efficient combos after that. Players could also attempt to make a bingo within the first few moves. The efficiency of the opening moves is very important to scoring well in the first league.
As the size of the combo made increases, more and more moves can be made while still scoring well. Strategy also changes greatly as a player's standing increases. At the higher levels of bilge, there is more leeway to make extra moves to go for larger combos. At lower levels, players ought to be even more efficient and generally aim for smaller combos.
Generally a break of 3 is worth slightly less than 1 move (and should mainly be used for intermediate breaks), while a break of 4 or 5 is worth between 1-2 moves. A 3x3 double is worth about 3 moves. At high levels, a bingo is worth about 8 moves. Thus, as the size of the break goes up, the bonus received increases quite a bit. Because the puzzle allows some leeway for timing, several seconds can be spent between each move to ensure that it is the best possible move to make.
There is a general consensus among high ranking bilgers that extending a combo leads to a net loss of efficiency. For example, a 3x3 will not produce a gain if an extra turn is spent to make a 3x4. The gain in efficiency may be a half to a third of a move, but that is still a loss. Increasing a 3x3 to a bingo however is worth an additional 5 moves (8-3 moves). This is why the higher rank techniques are heavily focused on making bingo's and bigger combos.
When the water level is higher, crabs become a much more effective scoring tool. When the water level reaches the top (although the highest three rows will always remain dry), simply clearing crabs will score extremely well. Clearing two crabs in the same move (not consecutively which doesn't have a score multiplier) at full water scores somewhere between a bingo and a sea donkey. Efficiency is still necessary, but a few well-placed crab clears can easily lead to an incredible.
Blockade bilging
Blockade bilging is a variation of bilging played by puzzlers during a blockade, flotilla, or a Sea Monster Hunt. Some bilge pieces will have one of the following 8 bonus shapes added to the piece. Each shape corresponds with a particular token which the ship can use to perform a special maneuver. The bonus shape moves with and is destroyed with the bilge piece. If, at any time, the bonus pieces for the two halves (top and bottom) of a circle, diamond, plus, or ex are together, the bonus pieces (but not the bilge piece underneath) are removed and the puzzler contributes to filling the meter for that maneuver. On a sloop, it requires three bonus pieces to fill the meter.
It should be noted that tokens in bilge tend to spawn in waves. The pieces will all come up with the bottom halves of one token quite often, not giving any top pieces. One technique for tokening is leaving one or two of these halves on the side while continuing to work with the rest of the board waiting for the other half to spawn.
The primary problem with bilge tokens is that they are difficult to make them without a direct loss of efficiency from moves used solely to connect tokens. Add in the fact that low score slows or stops token appearance at all, and the issue becomes clear. If aiming for a specific token, the same saving technique mentioned above works well, but sometimes it is worth sacrificing the half piece in order to increase efficiency (in a bingo say). As long as efficiency is maintained, more token pieces will be generated and give other chances for creating the desired token.
Bonus shapes
Bilge bonus shapes.png
Ultimate list
Cerulean Emerald Ice
Jade Meridian Opal
Spoiler warning: Details about trophies


17.6 Adding a Signature or vCard
Use Signatures to insert a signature or tag line at the end of items you send. For example, you can have GroupWise automatically list your name, phone number, and email address at the bottom of every item you send.
If you have a number of different accounts, including POP3, IMAP4, and NNTP newsgroup accounts, you can create a different signature for each account. You can also create multiple signatures for the same account.
Signatures are created in HTML, which allows you to add graphics and formatting to your signature. When you send a text message, the HTML signature is converted to text.
You can also have GroupWise automatically add a vCard, or virtual business card, to the end of messages.
17.6.1 Creating a Signature
Signatures can either be created through the GroupWise client options, or from within a message you are composing.
To create a signature using the GroupWise client options:
 1. Click Tools > Options, and then double-click Environment.
 2. Click the Signature tab.
 3. Select Signature, and then click New.
 4. Type a name for the signature, and then click OK.
 5. Create your signature in the HTML editor that is provided.
 6. Select whether you want this signature to be your default signature.
 7. Select whether you want to be prompted to add a signature for each item you send.
 8. Click OK.
To create a signature from the Compose view:
 1. Click the Options Slide-Out icon to open the Compose Options slide-out. The Signature drop-down menu is open by default.
 2. Click the edit icon next to Create new signature.
 3. Type a name for the signature, and then create your signature in the HTML editor that is provided.
 4. Select whether you want this signature to be your default signature.
 5. Click OK.
17.6.2 Setting Up a vCard
vCards are electronic business cards formatted according to standards set by the Internet Mail Consortium. A vCard file has a .vcf extension, and you can add the file to your outgoing email items. Third-party companies create software you can use to create vCards that include text, graphics, and sound. When you use GroupWise to generate your vCard, it uses the information from the fields in your Address Book listing.
 1. Click Tools > Options, and then double-click Environment.
 2. Click the Signature tab.
 3. Select Electronic business card (vCard) to automatically add a vCard to every email you send.
 4. Select the source of the vCard information.
 Generate from GroupWise Address Book: Composes a vCard based on your personal information in the GroupWise Address Book.
 Select from personal address book: Allows you to select any user in a personal address book and create a vCard from their personal information. This is useful when you send email on behalf of other users.
 Select a vCard file: Enables you to select a custom vCard .vcf file provided by a third-party company.
 5. Select whether you want to be prompted to add a vCard for each item you send.
 6. Click OK.
17.6.3 Adding the Signature or vCard to an Email
If you select Prompt before adding, you can manually add your signature while composing any message by clicking Click to add a signature in the message body. If you select Automatically add, your default signature is automatically added to all emails. You can edit the signature after it has been added to an item to personalize it for the item you are sending. Any changed made to the signature when editing it in place are not kept. If you set up a vCard, your vCard is added automatically to all emails as well. You can have both a signature and a vCard at the same time.
 1. In the compose view, select Click to add a signature, in the message body.
 Your default signature is immediately added to the message. If you haven't created a signature yet, you will be prompted to create one now. For more information, see Creating a Signature.
 2. To select a different signature, hover over the signature area and click the small arrow in the upper right corner.
 3. (Optional) Make any changes you desire to the signature to personalize it for this specific item.
 4. When you are finished composing your message and signature, click Send.
17.6.4 Understanding Global Signatures
In addition to personal signatures, your GroupWise administrator can create a global signature for everyone to use. If the GroupWise administrator requires the global signature, it is automatically appended to all items that are sent. If a global signature is available but not required, it is appended to your signature if you already use a personal signature. If you don't have a personal signature, the global signature is added only if required. When you resend an item, the global signature is not automatically added to the message.


text:
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- adj. that line or plane, in a beam under transverse pressure, at which the fibers are neither stretched nor compressed, or where the longitudinal stress is zero. See Axis.
- n. the line of demarcation between the horizontal elastic forces of tension and compression, exerted by the fibers in any cross section of a girder.
Sorry, no etymologies found.
Sorry, no example sentences found.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


_URL_.org?node_id=542489
Hello monks,
Here's my latest effort, it's pure perl, so should run anywhere.
It is parametised so it will take the number of boxes in the output as an argument in the form:
 # perl blah.pl 19x20
(19x20 is the default)
This will produce a variable sized file (default is normally around 6Mb) called al.XXX (where XXX would reveal the surprise) in the directory from which it is run
$_=q^($w,$h +)=s plit/x/,shift||"19x20";$q=10+10*$w;$r=20+10*$h;@m=((31,(1 +5)x ($w-1))x$h,(31)x$w);$m[$c]|=16,!(@a=grep!($m[$c+$$_[0]]&16+$|*$$_[1]) +,[- 1,8],[1,1],[$w,4],[-$w,2])?$c=pop@p:${($i,$j)=@{$a[rand@a ]};$m[$c]&=~ (8/$j);push@p,$c;$m[$c+=$i]&=~$j;++$u-$h*$w+$h||map$_&=15,@m,splice(@ +p), $c=$|=1}until$|&$c+2>$w*$h;$C=$q-4*int$q/4;$A=($q+$C)*$r;$u=pack"x"x( +($q +$C)*$r);subZd{my($f,$g,$h,$i,$e)=@_;@a=sort{"000$a"<=>"000$b"}$h,$i| +|$h ;for($a[0]..$a[1]){$s=($r-$_)*($q+$C)+$f;vec($u,$_,8)=$e||2 for$s..$s ++$g -1}};subZt{$a=shift;$x=10*($a%$w);$y=10*(2+int$a/$w)};dZ9,$q-20,10;dZ +9,$ q-20,$r-10;dZ9,1,10,$r-10;dZ$q-11,1,10,$r-10;map{t$_;if($_%$w){$m[$_] +&2? d$x-1,11,$y:"";$m[$_]&8?d$x+9,1,$y-10,$y:"";}}0..-1+$w*$h;$F="LIST";o +pen (FH,">al.avi");binmodeZFH;selectZFH;printZpack"V*",/\d/?$_:unpack"V*" +,$_ Zfor"RIFF",(1256+($A+24)*($B=3+scalar@p)),"AVIZ$F",1216,"hdrlavih",56 +,50 0000,32,0,2064,$B,0,1,$A,$q,$r,(0)x4,$F,1140,"strlstrh",56,"vids",(0) +x4, 1,10,0,$B,$A,-1,(0)x3,"strf",1064,40,$q,$r,pack("vv",1,8),0,$A,(0)x4, +pac k(("C"x1024),(0xff)x3,0,128),$F,(4+($A+8)*$B),"movi";map{printZSTDOUT +"." ;t$z||1;$l=$x;$t=$y;t$_;$ri=$x;if($l>$x){$ri=$l;$l=$x}d$l+2,5+$ri-$l, +($t <$y?$t:$y)-7,($t<$y?$y:$t)-3,1;$z=$_;print"00db".pack("V",$A).$u}@p,( +-1+ $w*$h)x3;print"idx1".pack"V",16*$B;$o=4;for(1..$B){print"00db".pack"V +VV" ,16,$o,$A;$o+=$A+8}^;s#((?{$a.=$+})\s?(\S*)\s?)*#$a=~s/Z/ /g;$a#see
(that's supposed to be a clapboard btw!)
If there is enough interest i'll write a deobfuscation/explanation of what went into it,
I've written a clean version here.
In the meantime some of my references and some other notes are in the spoiler below:
I hope you all enjoy it.
Alex
update: Add link to explanation.
Also use V not L (see this) to force correct endianness - this should now work on mac's
and fixed a bug where it didn't work for 5.8.8
Replies are listed 'Best First'.
Re: Let's go to the movies
by liverpole (Monsignor) on Apr 11, 2006 at 11:56 UTC
 An exremely clever idea! ++
 Let me take a crack at deobfuscation ...
 s''(q.S:$/9=(T1';s;(..)(..);$..=substr+crypt($1,$2),2,3;eg;print$..$/
Re: Let's go to the movies
by marto (Archbishop) on Apr 11, 2006 at 10:08 UTC
 teamster_jr,
 This is the best obfu I have seen in quite a while. Great work!
 Thanks
 Martin
Re: Let's go to the movies
by eric256 (Parson) on Apr 11, 2006 at 16:49 UTC
 This rocks. Can you *please* walk through how it works?
 ___________
 Eric Hodges
Re: Let's go to the movies
by CountZero (Bishop) on Apr 11, 2006 at 21:53 UTC
 Amazeing! ++ well deserved!
 CountZero
 "If you have four groups working on a compiler, you'll get a 4-pass compiler." - Conway's Law
Re: Let's go to the movies
by mikeock (Hermit) on Apr 11, 2006 at 19:12 UTC
 That rocks!
Re: Let's go to the movies
by Akhasha (Scribe) on Apr 15, 2006 at 13:40 UTC
 Runs out of memory on Perl v5.8.6 built for cygwin-thread-multi-64int, before printing anything to the console. No problems in debian stable though.
 Awesome obfu!
Re: Let's go to the movies
by parv (Priest) on Apr 12, 2006 at 20:16 UTC
 Can anybody tell me how much is the datasize requirement? As soon as the perl process's datasize exceeds the set datasize limit, the process dies (as expected). I had tried w/ limit set to 512 MB (a few mega bytes larger than user-available amount of 491 MB RAM). (Perl is 5.8.7, built w/ debugging & i386-freebsd-64int, running on FreeBSD/i386 6-STABLE.)
Re: Let's go to the movies
by wulvrine (Friar) on May 02, 2006 at 15:02 UTC
 Thats pretty darn cool! nice job!


Breath vs Breathe
—>Breath is a noun (person, place, or thing) meaning 'the air taken into or exhaled from the lungs' or 'an inhalation or exhalation of air.'
Examples: The site took my breath away. His breath could be seen in the chilly air. I tried to take steady breaths.
—>Breathe is a verb (word that relays an action) meaning 'to inhale or exhale air from the lungs.'
Examples: I breathe deeply. He breathes unevenly.


text:
The information below has been supplied by dairy marketers and other industry organizations. It has not been edited, verified or endorsed by Hoard's Dairyman.
The Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB) and the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research (FFAR) have announced their commitment to fund research and measurement of feed intake and sensor data at four universities and USDA Animal Genomics Improvement Laboratory.
"There is tremendous potential to improve feed efficiency through genomics and genetic selection," said João Dürr, Chief Executive Officer of CDCB. "There is great promise for dairy producers to produce milk more efficiently through decreased feed costs. Importantly, genetic selection for feed efficiency is another tool to reduce the carbon footprint of dairy production, helping meet customer and public expectations."
In 2020, the CDCB plans to provide genomic evaluations for residual feed intake and incorporate the new trait into Net Merit and other CDCB indexes.
This investment by FFAR and CDCB helps overcome one of the leading challenges – collecting enough data on enough cows to develop reliable genomic breeding values for feed intake. Researchers involved will also evaluate whether their genetic predictions can be used to decrease methane emissions from dairy cattle.


text:
Definition : shedding or exfoliation of deciduous teeth
is a term given to describe the physiologic process that
ultimately leads to replacement of the deciduous teeth
by their corresponding permanent successors.
1) the small deciduous teeth cannot grow in size to
accommodate the growing jaw, thus, another
generation of teeth is needed to fulfill this requisity.
1) Growth of muscle of mastication from infant to
adult leading to increase the masticatory force so
the periodontal ligament of deciduous teeth can not
withstand the masticatory force.
Pattern of shedding :
a. Shedding of deciduous anterior teeth :
the permanent incisors and canines tooth germs
initially develop in apicolingual position to their
deciduous predecessors, so, the permanent anterior
tooth germs move into an incisolabial direction and, in
latter stages, they are frequently located apical to their
deciduous predecessors. Thus, the resorptive process is
initiated on apico-lingual root surface, and then
proceeds in a transverse plane apically. This secures
the replacement of the primary teeth by their permanent
successors in the exact position
b. Shedding of deciduous molars :
the premolars begin their development lingual to
their corresponding primary molars.
In later stage, however, they are frequently found
between the divergent roots of the primary molars
.Therefore resorption of the roots of deciduous
molars first begins on their inner surfaces because
The early developing bicuspids are found between
them, then Come to lie apical to deciduous molars.
At this time, the developing premolars become away
and pressure is relieved from deciduous root so the
areas of early resorption are repaired by
deposition of new-cementum like tissue.
Later when the bicuspids begin to erupt
resorption of the deciduous molars is again
initiated and continuous until the roots are
completely lost and the tooth is shed.
Histology of shedding
exfoliation of the primary teeth takes place by a
continuous resorption of their roots by cells having
identical histology to osteoclasts (osteoclasts are
bone resorbing cells ).
Since these cells are concerned in the resorption of
the dental tissues,so they are referred to as
odontoclasts. These cells are capable to resorb all
dental hard tissues even the enamel.
Odontoclasts resorb hard tissue by separating
mineral from the collagen matrix through the action
of hydrolytic enzymes
Origin of Odontoclast :
It is presume that, they have the same origin of
osteoclasts, that is monocytes. An alternative origin
of odontoclasts is the undifferentiated mesenchymal
The odontoclasts are easily recognized, with light
microscope, in clusters rather than singly and appear
occupying hollowed-out shallow depressions known
Howship's lacunae.
By scanning electron microscope: these lacunae seem
not as small focal bays but rather long shallow troughs
. This indicates that during the resorptive process, the
odontoclasts continuously move inside the resorbing
An odontoclast is a large cell that is characterized by
multiple nuclei and a cytoplasm with a homogeneous,
"foamy" appearance. This appearance is due to a high
concentration of vesicles and vacuoles. At a site of
active dentin resorption, the odontoclast forms a
specialized cell membrane, the "ruffled border" ( brush
border ), which faces the surface of the dentin tissue.
The ruffled border facilitates removal of the dentin
matrix. The ruffled border increases surface area
interface for dentin resorption. The mineral portion of
the matrix (called hydroxyapatite) includes calcium and
phosphate ions. These ions are absorbed into small
vesicles which move across the cell and eventually are
released into the extracellular fluid, thus increasing
levels of the ions in the blood.
By transmission electron microscope :
The portion of cell membrane facing the resorbing
bone is thrown into numerous folds that may invaginate
the cytoplasm up to 2-3 micrometer deep. The regional
cytoplasm adjacent to the brush border appear devoid of
cell organelles but rich in actin and myosin (the
attachment zone ) which are presumed to provide an
attaching system for odontoclast to the dentin surface.
The remainder of the odontoclasts is heavily laden
with mitochondria and vesicles especially concentrated
beside the ruffled border. Also the cytoplasm contains a
large number of nuclei, well developed, tightly packed
Golgi saccules while several small vesicles (presumed
to be primary lysosomes) are located peripheral to these
Distribution : the odontoblasts occupy variable positions
and this depends on the different pattern of resorption
occurring in the different teeth. They are located on
the root surface, to resorb both cementum and dentin
in relation to the site of pressure exerted by the
erupting permanent successor. The odontoclasts have
occasionally found in the root canals or pulp chamber
lying against the predentin surface.
The pattern of resorption of single rooted teeth
ultimately leads to shedding of the primary teeth before
their roots are completely resorbed and the erupting
permanent tooth compresses on the outer root surface
therefore, the odontoclasts are not found in the pulp
chamber but on the root surface. However, in
multirooted teeth, odontoclasts are seen in the pulp
Histological features of teeth undergoing
Root surfaces exhibit resorption lacunae and
odontoclast cells are often associated with these
concavities. It is significant that periodontal fibroblasts
in the area show signs of impaired function. The fact
that programmed cell death is seen during shedding
that occurs at specific ages is consistent with the
concept that shedding is a genetically determined
It should be emphasized that the pulp tissue in teeth
undergoing shedding appears histologically normal
except that neural elements seem to be missing. Thus
the pulp does not contribute to the process of
shedding and plays a passive role in this process.
Mechanism of action during resorption of
odontoclasts act by isolating an area of hard tissue
(bone, cementum, dentin or even enamel) using clear
cytoplasmic areas (no organelles) and through plasma
membrane associated enzymes that act as proton
pumps, the isolated area's pH is lowered making it
acidic. This acidity breaks down the hydroxyapatite
crystals of the inorganic content and also denature the
collagenous organic matrix. Essentially denaturing
makes the tightly assembled collagen fibrils looser. The
proteolytic enzymes both secreted and within
lysosomes in the odontoclasts cells are then able to
break down this collagenous organic matrix.
The histochemical study have evidenced that the
odontoclasts characteristically contain a high level
of acid phosphatase activity.
Mechanism of shedding :
I) Initiation of shedding
Two factors are presumed to initiate shedding of
the primary teeth :
a. pressure factor which leads into the
differentiation of the odontoclasts
* pressure of the erupting permanent tooth.
* augmentation of the masticatory forces
b. genetic factor is probably responsible for the
initiation of root resorption and an ultimate
shedding of primary teeth.
II) Process of shedding :
The scanning and transmission electronmicrographs
demonstrate the presence of mineral crystallites in the
depth of the brush border enfolding.This denotes that,
during resorption, the minerals of the dental hard
tissues are primarily removed.
It is presumed that the intracellular vesicles are thought
to be primary lysosomes, which discharge their content
extracellularly among the brush border, thus creating an
acidic medium. Such medium causes minerals
dissolution. However the removal of the dissolved
minerals could be mechanically facilitated by the
folding of the brush border.
The disintegration of the organic matrix occurs by
secretion of the proteolytic enzymes by odontoclast
into smaller molecular components and then degraded
intracellularly by the vesicle containing-acid
phosphatase enzyme found beside the brush border.
Tissue and cellular changes:
Shedding is an intermittent process with periods of
resorption involving alveolar bone, cementum and root
dentin resorption by clast cells, osteoclasts and
odontoclasts, respectively and recovery periods when
osteoblasts and cementoblasts replace part of the
resorbed tissues. Eventually more resorption takes place
and when the tooth loses its supporting periodontal
tissues, it is shed. During this process the primary teeth
become loose during the periods of resorption and
tighten during the brief periods of apposition.
During root resorption,
periods of resorption
are alternated by
periods of cementum
deposit cementum in
areas of resorption
forming a reversal
become embedded in
the cementum and
are then called
A, Reversal line; B, Cement


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39-9031 Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors
Instruct or coach groups or individuals in exercise activities. Demonstrate techniques and form, observe participants, and explain to them corrective measures necessary to improve their skills. Excludes teachers classified in 25-0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations. Excludes Coaches and Scouts (27-2022) and Athletic Trainers (29-9091).


How To Make Flavored Salts
Cooking Lessons from The Kitchn
From the ingredients you use to the foods you put them on, flavored salts are wide open to your imagination. Start with a flaky salt, add herbs, spices, or other ingredients, and you have a quick, unique way to season everything from sliced tomatoes to chocolate cakes. They make wonderful edible gifts, too.
Here's a step-by-step recipe with basic ratios to get you started, plus tips for how to use seasoned salts, and a few of our favorite ingredient combinations.
What You Need
Basic formula: Start with a ratio of 1 teaspoon flavorings per 1/4 cup salt. Increase flavorings to taste.
Salt: Coarser, flakier salts are preferable for their texture and appearance. Try kosher salt (least expensive option), Maldon salt, or fleur de sel. If all you have is regular table salt, you can use that with a higher proportion of flavorings.
Flavorings: Use your imagination! Think herbs, spices, chile peppers, citrus peel, edible flowers, tea leaves or powder (matcha), mushrooms, dehydrated fruits and vegetables (garlic, onions, tomatoes). Flavor ingredients should be dry in order to prevent clumping; see instructions below.
Measuring cups and spoons
Oven / food dehydrator (optional)
Mortar and pestle / coffee or spice grinder / food processor (optional)
Baking sheet (optional)
Airtight container
1. Prepare flavorings: Ingredients should be dry and small (ground, chopped, flaked).
If necessary, dry ingredients in the oven at a low temperature (150-200°F) or in a dehydrator.
- Fresh herbs may be air or oven dried, dehydrated, or microwaved.
- Citrus such as lemon, orange, and lime may be grated or peeled into strips before drying in the oven or dehydrator. You can also use whole, dried citrus slices.
- Instructions for oven drying fresh mushrooms may be found here.
2. Combine flavorings and salt: Start with 1 teaspoon flavorings and 1/4 cup salt. Combine using your fingers, a mortar and pestle, or pulse in a coffee or spice grinder or food processor. Mix well but avoid pulverizing the salt. Taste and increase the amount of flavorings, if desired.
3. Store: Store salt in an airtight container. Ideally, let it sit at least a day before using. Intensity of flavor will diminish over time, but it can last for up to a year.
4. Use: The potential uses are endless! Try sprinkling flavored salts on...
Avocado toast
- Brownies
- Fruit salad (just a little bit!)
Fried foods like tempura and french fries
- Grilled meats
- Poached or scrambled eggs
- Popcorn
- Fresh ricotta or baked feta (serve as an appetizer with bread)
- Rims of cocktail glasses
- Roasted vegetables
- Sliced tomatoes
- Soups and stews
Additional Notes:
A few great combinations to try:
Chile-Lime Salt: 1/4 cup salt + 1 teaspoon red pepper flakes + 1 teaspoon dried lime zest + 1/4 teaspoon smoked paprika
Citrus-Rosemary Salt: 1/4 cup salt + 1/2 teaspoon dried lemon zest + 1/2 teaspoon dried orange zest + 1/2 teaspoon dried rosemary
Lavender Salt: 1/4 cup salt + 1 teaspoon dried lavender buds
Saffron-Fennel Salt: 1/4 cup salt + 1/4 teaspoon saffron threads + 1 teaspoon fennel seeds
Vanilla-Cinnamon Salt: 1/4 cup salt + seeds from 1 vanilla bean + 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
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Submit your own tutorials or ideas here!
(Images: Emily Ho)


text:
This name generator will send you 15 random names of Balrog that are fit for the Lord of the Rings. Balrogs, also known as the Valaraukar, are beings which once were Maiar, but were corrupted and seduced into serving Melkor. Melkor was finally defeated, however, and the Balrogs were left to do their own bidding. Many of them went to Angband, Melkor's ancient fortress under the Iron Mountains. As far as the names of Balrog go, there is only one known person: Gothmog. There's also "Durin's Bane" but that's not much of a name, if anything, it's more of a title. So we used the word 'Gothmog' as an inspiration for the names in this generator, all of which will follow the same darker and larger tones but mixed in here and there with a little variance.
To generate another 15 random names you just have to press the button. With every click 15 new names are generated.
A Balrog is an incredibly strong fictional creature in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle Earth. It first appears in print in his fantasy book, The Lord of The Rings, in which the Fellowship of the ring find one called Durin's Bane at the mines of Moria in Mordor. After the fall of Sauron and the rise of Gondorian rule, the Balrog of Mordor were eventually driven from the world by the armies of Gandalf, who took the role of its leader. Though the creature remained a part of the tale, it was never as prominent a threat to Frodo and Samwise as the other evil creatures who had their own storylines. Eventually, the presence of a Balrog at the Mines of Moria drove the hobbits to join together to defeat the dreaded enemy. However, after the battle ended the hobbits returned and the Balrog was not seen again until the climactic Battle of the Pelennor Fields when the Fellowship is fighting off the forces of Mordor.
This article aims to describe the character of a Balrog in all its glory, so that any newcomer to Middle Earth will be able to appreciate what a formidable creature it is and how it changes the perspective of both Gandalf and Frodo Baggins. In the first installment, The Fellowship of the Ring, we are introduced to the Balrog at the Mines of Moria and its role in the events of the book. For the next three books, Bilbo Baggins takes the lead role of fighting the monster, although in several cases the presence of other characters also change the perspective of Bilbo's character, sometimes making him the villain in some instances.
The first mention of a Balrog in this article can be found in The Book of Lost Tales (1911), an English translation of a German text about the Morgul Empire, the predecessor of Mordor, in the Middle East. In this version the monster is referred to as "the mighty Balrog of Khazad-dûm"the giant-like Balrog". The author of this book is not credited, and the only reference is made to the name of this particular Balrog, but we may assume that it has some similarity with the Balrog that appeared in Peter Jackson's The Lord of The Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. However, no further mention is made in The Book of Lost Tales of this monster or even of its appearance at the Mines of Moria in the novel.


Building physics in modular construction
Outstanding properties
Building physics properties for modular buildings are easily the equal of those offered by conventionally constructed buildings. Fire prevention and sound and thermal insulation meet the prescribed or desired levels in system assembly, ensuring that modular buildings meet the standards valid in each country or region.
Fire prevention
The country-specific requirements and standards for fire prevention, such as DIN 4102, for example, are met in standardised ALHO modular buildings, and fire prevention classes between F30 and F120 can be reached. The results are repeatedly confirmed by ongoing in-house fire tests and by independent reports from reputable fire prevention institutions.
Thermal insulation
When it comes to thermal insulation, ALHO modular buildings naturally meet all the requirements of the relevant country-specific standards with a correspondingly high level of component insulation. Renewable energies such as solar power, photovoltaics or combined power-heat systems can also be integrated into modular buildings without any problems.
Sound insulation
ALHO modular buildings provide very good sound insulation as an integral component of the system. The double-shell wall and ceiling system means that the relevant sound insulation requirements can easily be met. Generally, the sound insulation values measured in the completed modular building are actually much better than the values required by law, both between the storeys and between different rooms on the same level.


$. If $\eta\ge 1$, then for small enough $\epsilon$ the solution is unique. If $\eta<1$ then two solutions $s_1$ and $s_2$ differ by at most $O(\epsilon^{\frac{2}{1-\eta}})$. \end{Proposition} \begin{proof} We write $s=-\omega+\delta$ and get for $\delta$ an equation of the form $\delta=\epsilon^2G(\delta)$ where $G(x)=-F_2(\epsilon,ix-i\omega)$, and $G(x)\in H^\eta$. The existence of a solution for small $\epsilon$ is an immediate consequence of continuity and the fact that $\delta-\epsilon^2G(\delta)$ changes sign in an interval of size $\epsilon^2\|G\|_\infty$. If $\eta\ge 1$ we note that the equation $\delta=\epsilon^2G(\delta)$ is contractive for small $\epsilon$ and thus has a unique root. If instead $0<\eta<1$ we have, if $\delta_1,\delta_2$ are two roots, then for some $K>0$ independent of $\epsilon$, $|\delta_1-\delta_2|=\epsilon^2|G(\delta_1)-G(\delta_2)|\le \epsilon^2 K |\delta_1-\delta_2|^\eta$ whence the conclusion. \end{proof} \z {\bf Assumption} If $\eta<1$ then we assume that $\epsilon^2 F_1(\epsilon,-i\omega)\gg \epsilon^{\frac{2}{1-\eta}}$ for small $\epsilon$. When $\eta>1$ this restriction will not be needed, cf. \S~\ref{Reg1}. \medskip \z {\bf Definition} We choose one solution $s_0=-\omega+\delta$ and let $\Gamma$ be defined by (\ref{eq:defGamma}). \z {\bf Note.} In the case $\eta<1$ the choice of $s_0$ yields, by the previous assumption a (possible) arbitrariness in the definition of $\Gamma$ of order $O(\epsilon^{\frac{2}{1-\eta}})=o(\Gamma)$. \smallskip \z {\bf Remarks on the verifiability of condition $\Gamma>0$}. We will look at various scenarios, which are motivated by concrete examples, in which the condition of positivity reduces to a condition on $F(\epsilon,-i\omega)$. Let $$\Gamma_0=\epsilon^2 F_1(\epsilon, -i\omega);\ \ \ \gamma_0=\epsilon^2F_2(\epsilon,-i\omega)$$ \z where we see that $\Gamma_0$ and $\gamma_0$ are $O(\epsilon^2)$. The equation for $\delta$ reads $$\delta=-\epsilon^2 [F_2(\epsilon,-i\omega+i\delta)-F_2(\epsilon,-i\omega)]-\gamma_0=\epsilon^2 H(\delta)-\gamma_0$$ \z where $H(0)=0$. We write $\delta=-\gamma_0+\zeta$ and get $$\zeta=\epsilon^2H(-\gamma_0+\zeta)$$ \z and the definition of $\Gamma$ becomes $$\Gamma=\epsilon^2 F_1(\epsilon, -i\omega-i\gamma_0+i\zeta)$$ \begin{Proposition} (i) Assume that $\eta>1$ and $\gamma_0=o(\epsilon^{-2}\Gamma_0)$. Then as $\epsilon\rightarrow 0$ we have \begin{equation} \label{eq:condG} \Gamma=\Gamma_0+o(\Gamma_0) \end{equation} \z and thus the positivity of $\Gamma$ follows from that of $\Gamma_0$. (ii) Assume that $\eta<1$, $\gamma_0=o(\epsilon^{-2}\Gamma_0^{1/\eta})$ and $\Gamma_0\gg \epsilon^{\frac{2}{1-\eta}}$ as $\epsilon\rightarrow 0$. Then again (\ref{eq:condG}) holds. \end{Proposition} \begin{proof} (i) Since $\zeta= O(\epsilon^2\gamma_0)+O(\epsilon^2\zeta)$ we get $\zeta= O(\epsilon^2\gamma_0)$, implying that $$\Gamma=\epsilon^2F_1\left[\epsilon, -i\omega-i\gamma_0(1+o(1))\right] =\Gamma_0+O(\epsilon^2\gamma_0)=\Gamma_0+o(\Gamma_0) $$ (ii) We have \begin{equation} \label{eq:111} \zeta=O(\epsilon^2\gamma_0^\eta)+O(\epsilon^2\zeta^\eta) \end{equation} If $\zeta\le \mbox{const}. \gamma_0$ as $\epsilon\rightarrow 0$, then the proof is as in part (i). If on the contrary, for some large constant $C$ we have $\zeta> C\gamma_0$ then by (\ref{eq:111}) we have $\zeta < \mbox{const}.\epsilon^2\zeta^\eta$ so that $\zeta=O(\epsilon^{2/(1-\eta)})$ and $\epsilon^2\zeta^\eta=O(\epsilon^{2/(1-\eta)})=o(\Gamma_0)$. But then $$\Gamma=\epsilon^2F_1(\epsilon, -i\omega)+O(\epsilon^2\gamma_0^\eta)+O(\epsilon^2\zeta^\eta)=\Gamma_0+o(\Gamma_0)$$ \end{proof} \subsection{Exponential decay} We let $p=is_0+v$ and get \begin{Proposition}\label{P0} Let $r\in\RR^+$. (i) As $\epsilon\rightarrow 0$ and $t\Gamma=r$ we have $$ a(t)=e^{-is_0 t}e^{-\Gamma t}+O(\epsilon^2\Gamma^{\eta-1})$$ (ii) (For much longer time) as $t\rightarrow\infty$ we have $$ a(t)=O(\Gamma^{-1}t^{-\eta-1})$$ \end{Proposition} \begin{proof} (i) Note first that, taking $\Re(v)>0$ we get \begin{multline} \label{e} F(\epsilon,-is_0+v)=\int_0^\infty e^{-is_0t-vt}f(t)dt=\int_0^\infty e^{-vt}\left(\int_0^t e^{-is_0 u}f(u)du\right)'\\= v\int_0^\infty e^{-vt}\int_0^t e^{-is_0 u}f(u)du = v\int_0^\infty e^{-vt}\left(\int_0^\infty-\int_t^\infty\right) e^{-is_0 u}f(u)du\\=\int_0^\infty e^{-is_0 u}f(u)du-v \int_0^\infty e^{-vt}\int_t^\infty e^{-is_0 u}f(u)du\\=:F(\epsilon,-is_0) -vL[g](v) \end{multline} \z so that with $h


text:
The use of tempered glass has become increasingly popular due to its safety and durability. It is commonly used in windows, shower enclosures, and electronic devices. With the growing demand for high-quality glass, manufacturers are constantly looking for ways to improve their products and processes to meet consumer needs.
As the demand for high-quality glass continues to grow in various industries, tempered glass manufacturer near me are continuously seeking new ways to improve their products and processes.
This article will explore the future of tempered glass, focusing on the advancements and innovations in manufacturing, the potential of nanotechnology in glass development, sustainability, and its applications in the age of augmented reality and smart homes.
Emerging Technologies in Tempered Glass Manufacturing
1. Advanced Chemical Strengthening Techniques
One of the emerging technologies in tempered glass manufacturing is advanced chemical strengthening techniques. Traditionally, tempered glass is produced through a process of heating and rapid cooling.
However, this method can sometimes result in inconsistencies and weaknesses within the glass. New chemical strengthening processes, such as ion exchange, involve replacing smaller ions in the glass structure with larger ones, creating a more durable and resilient final product.
This advancement in technology allows for the production of thinner, yet stronger glass sheets, which can then be used in a wider range of applications.
2. Improved Automation and Quality Control
As technology evolves, so too does the level of automation in the tempered glass manufacturing process. Advanced computer systems and robotics are now being used to monitor and control the production of tempered glass, ensuring consistent quality and reducing the risk of human error.
This increased level of automation is not only helping to improve efficiency and reduce costs, but it also enables manufacturers to create more complex and intricate glass designs, with greater precision and accuracy.
3. Innovations in Glass Coatings and Treatments
In addition to advancements in the actual manufacturing process, there are also significant innovations being made in the area of glass coatings and treatments. These new technologies are designed to enhance the performance and functionality of tempered glass, making it more energy-efficient, scratch-resistant, and easy to clean.
Examples of these innovations include self-cleaning coatings that break down dirt and grime when exposed to sunlight, and thermochromic coatings that change their opacity based on temperature, helping to regulate the amount of light and heat that passes through the glass.
The Potential of Nanotechnology in Tempered Glass Development
1. Enhanced Strength and Durability
Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the development of tempered glass, offering significant improvements in strength and durability. By incorporating nanoparticles into the glass structure, manufacturers can create materials with enhanced mechanical properties, such as increased resistance to impact, scratching, and bending.
This can lead to the production of thinner, lighter glass that is still able to withstand the demands of everyday use.
2. Improved Optical and Thermal Properties
In addition to its potential to enhance the strength and durability of tempered glass, nanotechnology also offers the possibility of improving its optical and thermal properties. By manipulating the size and distribution of nanoparticles within the glass, manufacturers can optimize the way in which light and heat pass through the material.
This can lead to the development of tempered glass that is more energy-efficient, reduces glare, and offers better insulation against heat and cold.
3. Innovative Design Possibilities
The use of nanotechnology in tempered glass development also opens up a world of innovative design possibilities. By incorporating nanoparticles with unique properties, such as color-changing or light-emitting capabilities, manufacturers can create tempered glass products that offer both form and function.
This could lead to the development of glass that can be used for decorative purposes or integrated into smart homes and building systems, offering both aesthetic appeal and enhanced functionality.
Sustainability in Tempered Glass ─ Green Materials and Processes
1. The Use of Recycled Materials
As environmental concerns continue to grow, tempered glass manufacturers near me are increasingly looking for ways to incorporate sustainable practices into their production processes. One such approach is the use of recycled materials, such as post-consumer glass, in the manufacturing of new tempered glass products.
By using recycled glass instead of raw materials, manufacturers can help to reduce the environmental impact of their operations, while also reducing costs and making better use of available resources.
2. Energy-Efficient Manufacturing Processes
In addition to the use of recycled materials, tempered glass manufacturers are also exploring ways to make their production processes more energy-efficient. This can involve investing in new technologies and equipment that use less energy or finding ways to recover and reuse the heat generated during the manufacturing process.
By reducing their energy consumption, manufacturers can help to lower their carbon footprint and contribute to a more sustainable future.
3. Green Building Standards and Certifications
As the demand for sustainable products grows, tempered glass manufacturers are increasingly looking to meet green building standards and certifications such as LEED and BREEAM. These certifications not only offer a competitive advantage in the marketplace, but they also demonstrate a commitment to environmental responsibility and sustainable practices.
By investing in sustainable materials and processes, tempered glass manufacturers can contribute to the development of greener buildings and a more sustainable future.
Tempered Glass in the Age of Augmented Reality and Smart Homes
1. Augmented Reality Applications
The growing popularity of augmented reality (AR) technology offers exciting new possibilities for the use of tempered glass. By incorporating AR technology into glass products, manufacturers can create interactive displays and surfaces that can be used for a wide range of applications, from advertising and information displays to gaming and entertainment.
This innovative use of tempered glass could help to revolutionize industries such as retail, transportation, and hospitality, offering new ways for businesses to engage with customers and improve the user experience.
2. Smart Home Integration
As smart homes become increasingly popular, tempered glass is set to play a vital role in their development. By incorporating smart technologies into glass products, manufacturers can create windows and doors that offer enhanced functionality, such as energy efficiency, security, and connectivity.
This could include glass that can be controlled via a smartphone, allowing users to adjust the opacity or temperature of their windows at the touch of a button. By integrating smart technologies into tempered glass, manufacturers can help to create more intelligent, connected homes that offer greater comfort, convenience, and control.
3. Innovative Design Possibilities
As previously mentioned, the use of nanotechnology and other advanced materials in the development of tempered glass offers a wealth of innovative design possibilities.
This, combined with the growing popularity of AR and smart home technologies, presents exciting opportunities for architects, designers, and manufacturers to create unique and innovative glass products that are both functional and visually appealing.
By embracing these new technologies and materials, the tempered glass industry can continue to evolve and grow, offering ever more advanced and innovative solutions for the future.
In conclusion, the future of tempered glass is bright, with numerous advancements and innovations on the horizon.
By embracing emerging technologies, such as advanced chemical strengthening techniques, nanotechnology, and augmented reality, tempered glass manufacturers near me can continue to push the boundaries of what is possible with this versatile material.
At the same time, a focus on sustainability and green practices will ensure that the tempered glass industry remains environmentally responsible, contributing to a more sustainable future for all.


RPC_XDR(3) NetBSD Library Functions Manual RPC_XDR(3)
NAME
 xdr_accepted_reply, xdr_authsys_parms, xdr_callhdr, xdr_callmsg,
 xdr_opaque_auth, xdr_rejected_reply, xdr_replymsg -- XDR library routines
 for remote procedure calls
LIBRARY
 Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
 #include <rpc/rpc.h>
 bool_t
 xdr_accepted_reply(XDR *xdrs, const struct accepted_reply *ar);
 bool_t
 xdr_authsys_parms(XDR *xdrs, struct authsys_parms *aupp);
 void
 xdr_callhdr(XDR *xdrs, struct rpc_msg *chdr);
 bool_t
 xdr_callmsg(XDR *xdrs, struct rpc_msg *cmsg);
 bool_t
 xdr_opaque_auth(XDR *xdrs, struct opaque_auth *ap);
 bool_t
 xdr_rejected_reply(XDR *xdrs, const struct rejected_reply *rr);
 bool_t
 xdr_replymsg(XDR *xdrs, const struct rpc_msg *rmsg);
DESCRIPTION
 These routines are used for describing the RPC messages in XDR language.
 They should normally be used by those who do not want to use the RPC
 package directly. These routines return TRUE if they succeed, FALSE oth-
 erwise.
ROUTINES
 See rpc(3) for the definition of the XDR data structure.
 xdr_accepted_reply()
 Used to translate between RPC reply messages and their external
 representation. It includes the status of the RPC call in the XDR
 language format. In the case of success, it also includes the
 call results.
 xdr_authsys_parms()
 Used for describing UNIX operating system credentials. It
 includes machine-name, uid, gid list, etc.
 xdr_callhdr()
 Used for describing RPC call header messages. It encodes the
 static part of the call message header in the XDR language format.
 It includes information such as transaction ID, RPC version num-
 ber, program and version number.
 xdr_callmsg()
 Used for describing RPC call messages. This includes all the RPC
 call information such as transaction ID, RPC version number, pro-
 gram number, version number, authentication information, etc.
 This is normally used by servers to determine information about
 the client RPC call.
 xdr_opaque_auth()
 Used for describing RPC opaque authentication information mes-
 sages.
 xdr_rejected_reply()
 Used for describing RPC reply messages. It encodes the rejected
 RPC message in the XDR language format. The message could be
 rejected either because of version number mis-match or because of
 authentication errors.
 xdr_replymsg()
 Used for describing RPC reply messages. It translates between the
 RPC reply message and its external representation. This reply
 could be either an acceptance, rejection or NULL.
SEE ALSO
 rpc(3), xdr(3)
NetBSD 6.0.1 May 3, 1993 NetBSD 6.0.1
You can also request any man page by name and (optionally) by section:
Command:
Section:
Architecture:
Collection:

Use the DEFAULT collection to view manual pages for third-party software.
©1994 Man-cgi 1.15, Panagiotis Christias <_EMAIL_>
©_PHONE_ Modified for NetBSD by Kimmo Suominen


text:
At the end of the adventure, the gamemaster asks each player to make an experience roll for each skill successfully used and checked. An experience roll is a roll higher than the skill chance (a reverse of the normal procedure). The idea that as a character gets more highly skilled, it gets harder to improve. If the experience roll is higher than the skill, the player then rolls 1D6 and adds this total to the skill. For example, if a player is making an experience roll for a skill of 35%, any roll of 36 or greater is a success. If the player rolls a 36–00, add 1D6 to the character's existing 35% skill. A roll of 100 is always an improvement, even if the skill is higher than 100%.
A character can learn from a teacher with dedicated study and an adequate amount of time (decided by the gamemaster). At the end of that period, have the teacher attempt a Teach skill roll and a roll on the relevant skill to be taught. If the Teach skill is higher than the teacher's skill value, it is reduced to the skill's value for the purpose of instruction. If both skills are successful, the student character may make a successful experience check and check for experience as described above. This is subject to the gamemaster's approval and may involve money being spent, and a character cannot learn more than one skill at a time in this fashion.
When a skill has been successfully checked for experience, erase the current skill value and write the new total on the character sheet. Repeat this process for each skill checked successfully, until completed.
Generally, this is done at the end of a single adventure, though the gamemaster can allow for multiple chances for skill improvement for a longer adventure that provides several distinct 'downtime' periods where the characters can rest and reflect on what they have accomplished.
In the case of a long period—months at the least—between adventures, the gamemaster may also allow characters four 'free' experience checks of their choice, representing activities they undertook in this downtime. These checks are treated as regular experience checks and must be rolled to see if they result in actual skill improvement.


Toyota RAV4 manuals
Toyota RAV4 (XA40) 2013-2018 Service Manual: Parts location
Toyota RAV4. Parts location
Toyota RAV4. Parts location
System diagram
The configuration of the electronic control system in the u140f automatic transaxle is as shown in the following chart.
Toyota RAV4. System diagram
Toyota RAV4. System diagram
Toyota RAV4. System diagram
Toyota RAV4. System diagram
System description
 1. System description
 1. The electronic controlled automatic transaxle (ect) is an automatic transaxle that electronically controls shift timing using the engine control module (ecm). The ecm detects electrical signals that indicate engine and driving conditions, and controls the shift point based on driver habits and road conditions. As a result, fuel efficiency and power transaxle performance are improved.
 Shift shock is reduced by controlling the engine and transaxle simultaneously.
In addition, the ect has the following features:
How to proceed with troubleshooting
Hint:
 1. Vehicle brought to workshop
 1. Customer problem analysis
 1. Inspect battery voltage
Standard voltage: 11 to 14 v
If the voltage is below 11 v, recharge or replace the battery before proceeding.
 1. Connect intelligent tester to dlc3*
 1. Check and clear dtcs and freeze frame data*
 1. Refer to the dtc check / clear (see page ax-29).
 1. Visual inspection

 1. Setting check mode diagnosis*
 1. Refer to the check mode procedure (see page ax-30).
 1. Problem symptom confirmation
 1. Refer to the road test (see page ax-12).
Result
 1. Symptom simulation
 1. Refer to the electronic circuit inspection procedure (see page in-37).
 1. Dtc check*
 1. Refer to the dtc check / clear (see page ax-29).
Result
 1. Basic inspection
 1. Refer to the automatic transmission fluid (see page ax-102).
 2. Refer to the park/neutral position switch (see page ax-108).
 3. Refer to the floor shift assembly (see page ax- 136).

 1. Mechanical system tests
 1. Refer to the mechanical system tests (see page ax-15).
 1. Hydraulic test
 1. Refer to the hydraulic test (see page ax-16).
 1. Manual shifting test
 1. Refer to the manual shifting test (see page ax- 17).
 1. Problem symptoms table chapter 1
 1. Refer to the problem symptoms table (see page ax-21).
 1. Problem symptoms table chapter 2
 1. Refer to the problem symptoms table (see page ax-21).
 1. Part inspection
 1. Dtc chart
 1. Refer to the diagnostic trouble code chart (see page ax-35).
 1. Circuit inspection
 1. Identification of problem
 1. Repair or replace
 1. Confirmation test
End
Precaution
Notice: Perform the reset memory procedures (a/t initialization) when replacing the automatic transaxle assembly, engine assembly or ecm (see page ax-18). Hint: Reset memory cannot be completed b ...
Road test
Problem symptom confirmation Based on the result of the customer problem analysis, try to reproduce the symptoms. If the problem is that the transaxle does not shift up, shift down, or ...
Other materials:
Assist grips
An assist grip installed on the ceiling can be used to support your body while sitting on the seat. Caution Assist grip Do not use the assist grip when getting in or out of the vehicle or rising from your seat. Doing so could damage the assist grip, or could cause you to injure yourse ...
Occupant classification ecu
Components On-vehicle inspection Inspect occupant classification ecu (vehicle not involved in collision) Perform a diagnostic system check (see page rs- 236). Inspect occupant classification ecu (vehicle involved in collision) Perform a diagnostic system check (see p ...
Console box
Lift the lid while pulling up the lever to release the lock. When using the console box lid as an armrest (vehicles with slide function) Slide the console box lid forward as needed. Pull the lid forward by holding the front of the lid. Caution Console box adjustment precaution D ...
Â© 2011-2024 Copyright _URL_


text:
Sunday May 19, 2013
Jump to content
I'm sure that you all know what an anagram is--taking the letters of a word and making a new word.
If you spell Mom backwards you have...uh, Mom.
That didn't work very well.
Well, how about this one?
Fred Franz was complaining that nothing fair ever gets turned into a law when something dawned on me.
If you take awl and turn it around you get....?
And if you take an awl and turn it around you get something that will hurt you if your try to use it. In fact, looking at the way awls are made I 'd say you'd get screwed.
So now, at last, we know where the word "law" came from: It's even in my dictionary:
LAW |lô| noun 1 (often "the" law) the system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and enforces by the imposition of penalties.
ORIGIN Old English awlü, from Old Norse aülur 'a wooden handled metal tool used to create a hole by means of screw leverage action [an inclined plane wound on a cylinder]; also the use [awl-ten-ürnae] of the boot [büte], a device used to crush the bones of the foot by mean of the action of a screw powered system of metal plates, levers, and turned shafts
' of Germanic origin and related to lay.
I knew it had to be something like that.
As I just told Fred, I've decided to coin a new word: awled.
awled (verb.) screwed from Eng awl, hand tool used to drill holes
1 informal: cheated or swindled. • ruined; rendered ineffective. as in "you've been awled."
2 official: dealt with by the government at any level.
adj: awlsome awed feeling of having been truly awled
noun: awlation the act of awling
There you go. It is now entered into the dictionary on my machine, and you have my permission to make liberal use of it.
For example, you might say, "Dealing with the IRS is like trawling for an awling."
Works for me. :-)
Posting comments requires a free account

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The solution for stabilizing and improving bleach plant performance
Control stabilization with BrainWave
ANDRITZ BrainWave is a patented advanced controller that outperforms traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control because of its two main components: an adaptive model and a predictive controller. BrainWave builds its own live models during normal plant operations, a powerful feature not offered by traditional Model Predictive Control (MPC) systems.
BrainWave's predictive controller accurately forecasts process responses and accounts for multiple objectives. It adapts to process conditions, such as changes in production rate, keeping the process on target. BrainWave can also accept measured disturbance inputs, like raw materials properties, and takes corrective action before the process is pushed off target (PID, by comparison, must wait for the error to occur and then react).
BrainWave easily integrates with existing control systems and its patented Laguerre technology means an average implementation time of just a few weeks. Best of all, the plant's own staff can support and deploy BrainWave.
Control stabilization for bleach plants
BrainWave stabilizes process variables such as brightness and pH by accurately controlling them in each stage of the bleach plants. BrainWave automatically manages changes in grade, production, and pulp quality, greatly reducing the chance of error or excessive chemical use.
BrainWave uses a percentage applied ratio scheme for chemical addition. The percentage applied scheme includes stock flow and stock consistency measurements to ensure that the correct amount of chemical is added to achieve the desired pH and product brightness as stock flow and consistency changes occur. Stock consistency can be determined from an online measurement or can be estimated by the plant based on mass balance. The actual pH or stock brightness is used to adjust the percentage applied factors to correct for changes in pulp properties and reaction efficiency.
When the product brightness variability is reduced at each stage, the target brightness can be lowered to remove any previous over-bleaching to ensure that minimum brightness targets are met. Optimal brightness targets can then be determined by making small shifts in the target brightness at each stage to determine the overall bleach profile that will minimize the total bleach used in the plant.


!. It is also possible to refer to pointcut expressions by name. The following example shows three pointcut expressions: anyPublicOperation (which matches if a method execution join point represents the execution of any public method); inTrading (which matches if a method execution is in the trading module), and tradingOperation (which matches if a method execution represents any public method in the trading module).
@Pointcut("execution(public * (..))")
 private void anyPublicOperation() {}
 @Pointcut("within(com.xyz.someapp.trading..)")
 private void inTrading() {}
 @Pointcut("anyPublicOperation() && inTrading()")
 private void tradingOperation() {}
It is a best practice to build more complex pointcut expressions out of smaller named components as shown above. When referring to pointcuts by name, normal Java visibility rules apply (you can see private pointcuts in the same type, protected pointcuts in the hierarchy, public pointcuts anywhere and so on). Visibility does not affect pointcut matching.
Sharing common pointcut definitions
When working with enterprise applications, you often want to refer to modules of the application and particular sets of operations from within several aspects. We recommend defining a "SystemArchitecture" aspect that captures common pointcut expressions for this purpose. A typical such aspect would look as follows:
package com.xyz.someapp;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
@Aspect
public class SystemArchitecture {
 /
 * A join point is in the web layer if the method is defined
 * in a type in the com.xyz.someapp.web package or any sub-package
 * under that.
 /
 @Pointcut("within(com.xyz.someapp.web..)")
 public void inWebLayer() {}
 /
 * A join point is in the service layer if the method is defined
 * in a type in the com.xyz.someapp.service package or any sub-package
 * under that.
 /
 @Pointcut("within(com.xyz.someapp.service..)")
 public void inServiceLayer() {}
 /
 * A join point is in the data access layer if the method is defined
 * in a type in the com.xyz.someapp.dao package or any sub-package
 * under that.
 /
 @Pointcut("within(com.xyz.someapp.dao..)")
 public void inDataAccessLayer() {}
 /
 * A business service is the execution of any method defined on a service
 * interface. This definition assumes that interfaces are placed in the
 * "service" package, and that implementation types are in sub-packages.
 *
 * If you group service interfaces by functional area (for example,
 * in packages com.xyz.someapp.abc.service and com.xyz.someapp.def.service) then
 * the pointcut expression "execution(* com.xyz.someapp..service..(..))"
 * could be used instead.
 *
 * Alternatively, you can write the expression using the bean
 * PCD, like so "bean(Service)". (This assumes that you have
 * named your Spring service beans in a consistent fashion.)
 */
 @Pointcut("execution( com.xyz.someapp..service..(..))")
 public void businessService() {}
 /*
 * A data access operation is the execution of any method defined on a
 * dao interface. This definition assumes that interfaces are placed in the
 * "dao" package, and that implementation types are in sub-packages.
 */
 @Pointcut("execution( com.xyz.someapp.dao..(..))")
 public void dataAccessOperation() {}
}
The pointcuts defined in such an aspect can be referred to anywhere that you need a pointcut expression. For example, to make the service layer transactional, you could write:
<aop:config>
 <aop:advisor
 pointcut="com.xyz.someapp.SystemArchitecture.businessService()"
 advice-ref="tx-advice"/>
</aop:config>
<tx:advice id="tx-advice">
 <tx:attributes>
 <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
 </tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
The <aop:config> and <aop:advisor> elements are discussed in Section 8.3, "Schema-based AOP support". The transaction elements are discussed in Chapter 11, Transaction Management.
Examples
Spring AOP users are likely to use the execution pointcut designator the most often. The format of an execution expression is:
execution(modifiers-pattern? ret-type-pattern declaring-type-pattern? name-pattern(param-pattern)
 throws-pattern?)
All parts except the returning type pattern (ret-type-pattern in the snippet above), name pattern, and parameters pattern are optional. The returning type pattern determines what the return type of the method must be in order for a join point to be matched. Most frequently you will use * as the returning type pattern, which matches any return type. A fully-qualified type name will match only when the method returns the given type. The name pattern matches the method name. You can use the * wildcard as all or part of a name pattern. The parameters pattern is slightly more complex: () matches a method that takes no parameters, whereas (..) matches any number of parameters (zero or more). The pattern (*) matches a method taking one parameter of any type, (*,String) matches a method taking two parameters, the first can be of any type, the second must be a String. Consult the Language Semantics section of the AspectJ Programming Guide for more information.
Some examples of common pointcut expressions are given below.
 - the execution of any public method:
execution(public * *(..))
 - the execution of any method with a name beginning with "set":
execution(* set*(..))
 - the execution of any method defined by the AccountService interface:
execution(* com.xyz.service.AccountService.*(..))
 - the execution of any method defined in the service package:
execution(* com.xyz.service..(..))
 - the execution of any method defined in the service package or a sub-package:
execution(* com.xyz.service...(..))
 - any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) within the service package:
within(com.xyz.service.*)
 - any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) within the service package or a sub-package:
within(com.xyz.service..*)
 - any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) where the proxy implements the AccountService interface:
this(com.xyz.service.AccountService)
[Note]Note
this is more commonly used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the proxy object available in the advice body.
 - any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) where the target object implements the AccountService interface:
target(com.xyz.service.AccountService)
[Note]Note
target is more commonly used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the target object available in the advice body.
 - any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) which takes a single parameter, and where the argument passed at runtime is Serializable:
args(java.io.Serializable)
[Note]Note
args is more commonly used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the method arguments available in the advice body.
Note that the pointcut given in this example is different to execution(* *(java.io.Serializable)): the args version matches if the argument passed at runtime is Serializable, the execution version matches if the method signature declares a single parameter of type Serializable.
 - any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) where the target object has an @Transactional annotation:
@target(org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional)
[Note]Note
@target can also be used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the annotation object available in the advice body.
 - any join point (method execution only in Spring AOP) where the declared type of the target object has an @Transactional annotation:
@within(org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional)
[Note]Note
@within can also be used in a binding form :- see the following section on advice for how to make the annotation object available in the advice


text:
Home > News > Terahertz rays see into the nanoworld
October 23rd, 2003
Terahertz rays see into the nanoworld
A new form of imaging that could be particularly valuable in medicine can be used to see nanoscale objects, US researchers report. Terahertz (THz) promises an alternative to techniques such as X-ray, magnetic-resonance and ultrasound imaging, being potentially cheaper, safer, more detailed and more penetrating. All this makes it very attractive for studying body tissue, to look at, say, wound healing or tumor development..
NanoInk, Inc. Assets To Be Sold May 18th, 2013
Beautiful "flowers" self-assemble in a beaker: Elaborate nanostructures blossom from a chemical reaction perfected at Harvard May 17th, 2013
Scientists capture first direct proof of Hofstadter butterfly effect May 17th, 2013
DNA-Guided Assembly Yields Novel Ribbon-Like Nanostructures: Approach could be useful in fabricating new kinds of materials with engineered properties May 16th, 2013


text:
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Brueghel, Bruegel or Breughel [ˈbɾøːɣəl] was a family of Flemish painters:
- Abraham Brueghel (_PHONE_)
- Ambrosius Brueghel (_PHONE_)
- Jan Brueghel the Elder (1568–1625), in German also known as Samtbrueghel oder Blumenbrueghel
- Jan Breughel the Younger (1601–1678)
- Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1525/1530–1569), in German also known as Bauernbrueghel
- Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1564–1638), in German also known as Höllenbrueghel
|This is a disambiguation page – a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an internal link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page.
See also: Special:PrefixIndex/Brueghel and All pages with titles containing "Brueghel"


text:
In this part of the lab, you must write a program in C that prints the temperature at equally spaced points on a triangular plate.
We assume that the triangular plate that is enclosed by the lines x = 0 and y = 0 and x + y =100. Start by sketching this region on a piece of paper. The temperature at a point (x,y) on this plate is given by:
T(x,y) = sin( x + y ) e -(x+y)/100
Your program must:
print the temperature at points spaced 20 units apart in the x-direction (starting at x = 0 ) and 10 units apart in the y-direction (starting at y = 0)
print the temperature to 5 decimal places in a field of width 9
Here is the expected output given the specification provided above:
-0.16728 -0.44658 -0.18628
-0.15914 0.38430 0.36347
0.49946 -0.16728 -0.44658 -0.18628
-0.73195 -0.15914 0.38430 0.36347
0.74746 0.49946 -0.16728 -0.44658 -0.18628
-0.49225 -0.73195 -0.15914 0.38430 0.36347
0.00000 0.74746 0.49946 -0.16728 -0.44658 -0.18628
Note that the first line of output above corresponds to the row y = 100 while the last line corresponds to y = 0.
Write your program in such a way that the separation between points can be changed easily.
You will find the following functions in the library math.h useful:
double sin( double angle ); /* returns the sine of angle */
double exp( double num ); /* returns e^num */
Having some trouble with this problem..anyone have some ideas for a solution?


text:
FOOTSTEPS ON THE SACRED EARTH: Native Peoples of the Southwest
Pueblo farmers and nomadic hunters and warriors inhabited the American Southwest for approximately 10,000 years. Their material culture, lifestyles, belief systems and world views reflect their relationship with their diverse environments and natural resources. By closely examining the traditional footwear of these peoples, a variety of topics can be explored: spiritual beliefs, social organization, the influence of environment and climate on the economies, social structure, and culture of a traditional society, and the impact of European contact.
Classroom Activities & Projects
The following activities are suitable for both Middle School Social Studies (Grade 6 in the Ontario curriculum) and high school students of anthropology or American history.


Women do better on math tests when they fake their names
Image for article titled Women do better on math tests when they fake their names
There's a pernicious myth that says women aren't as good at math as men. And disturbingly, reminding women of this stereotype just before they write a math test will have a detrimental affect on their performance. So what would happen if a woman could pretend to be someone else while writing the test?
Unsurprisingly, and as the title of this post already suggests, women do indeed perform better on math tests when they assume a name other than their own — and this happens regardless of whether they take a male or female name.
As a recent study by Shen Zhang has shown, using another person's name is a kind of hack to overrule the self-reputational threat — the fear some women have of doing poorly when they're concerned that it'll be taken as proof of a stereotype. But removing this pressure seems to alleviate the fear and the distraction.
For the study, Zhang recruited 110 women and 72 men — all of them undergrads — and had them answer 30 multiple-choice math questions. Prior to the test, and in an effort to instill the stereotype threat, all participants were told that men typically outperform women at math. Some of the volunteers were told to write the test under their real name, but some were told to complete the test under one of four different aliases, either Jacob Tyler, Scott Lyons, Jessica Peterson, or Kaitlyn Woods.
When the results were in, men outperformed the women. Thank you, self-reputational threat.
But women who assumed an alias, whether it be male or female, performed better than the women who did not. And — importantly — they did just as well as the men.
"These findings suggest that women's impaired math performance is often due to the threat of confirming a negative stereotype as being true of the self," conclude the researchers.
The researchers recommend the use of non-name identification procedures in testing, as well as coping strategies that "allow stigmatised individuals to disconnect their self from a threatening situation," which they say will disarm negative stereotypes.
Or, we could finally stop telling women that they suck at math. How's that for a novel idea?
Read the entire study at Self and Identity, "L'eggo My Ego: Reducing the Gender Gap in Math by Unlinking the Self from Performance."
Image: Minerva Studio/Shutterstock.
If the women in the study were really worried (even subconsciously) about their performance reinforcing a stereotype about women and math, why did taking a different feminine name improve their performance just the same as taking a different masculine name?
If this really were about the threat to "all women", I would expect that only taking a different masculine name would improve their performance. It seems like anonymity, not gender-identity, made the difference for the female participants.


The difference between computed and methods in Vue
Vue in computed It can be used for simple splicing of data to be displayed
computed and methods
The task of splicing and displaying data can also be completed with methods, but when the data of the page changes, the methods in methods will be called again (causing unnecessary performance consumption), while the methods in methods will only be called when the data related to itself changes
A simple example
computed is only called during initialization
 - computed is only called during initialization
 - methods will be called when the data changes, even if the changed data has nothing to do with itself
Test source
<!DOCTYPE html>

 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>computed Use</title>

Tags: Vue Python
Posted on Sun, 05 Apr 2020 14:00:20 -0400 by Kadanis


Saltern Microbial Communities Dine on DNA
In our paper, we show that DNA can be used as a source of phosphorus by a microbial community of a saltern. Yet, these microbes do not consume just any DNA…
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Read the paper
Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is present in every habitat, but is found at its highest concentrations in hypersaline environments. Laboratory experiments have shown that the model halophilic archaeon, Haloferax volcanii, is capable of utilizing DNA as a source of phosphate, and has a bias for some sources of DNA over others. To better understand usage of DNA in a natural microbial community, we developed an experiment wherein a mixed microbial community (sampled from a solar saltern in Isla Christina, Spain) was supplemented with various combinations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and DNA and measured the impact of this supplementation on the community.
Sequencing revealed that the composition of DNA from the water column was quite different from the DNA obtained from cells. One might expect that the DNA present in the water column would just be a reflection of composition of the cellular fraction, and that the populations from the water column and the cellular fraction of a water sample would be the same, as all the dissolved DNA would be consumed at the same rate, regardless of composition. The dissimilarity instead suggests that there is a considerable amount of bias in consumption of DNA, and the DNA remaining in the water column could represent the accumulation from populations with DNA that is less "palatable". We were pleased to see that bias in DNA consumption is not limited to Hfx. volcanii.
In our work, we fed the sampled community with DNA or inorganic phosphate. Interestingly, the supplementation of DNA or phosphate alone did not allow the communities to grow, but the addition of carbon and nitrogen along with a phosphate source did, suggesting that the DNA was only being utilised as a phosphate source, rather than also supplying other elements as well. The growth of communities given DNA was comparable to those given phosphate, suggesting that consumption of DNA is a common means for the present cells to acquire a source of phosphate, but the growth was slightly more robust with phosphate than when DNA was supplied. Analysis of remaining phosphate after any of the treatments revealed more organic phosphate (DNA) being left behind than inorganic phosphate. This shows that inorganic phosphate is the most readily consumed, and again speaks towards there being a bias towards the source of phosphate as food. Supplying the communities with nitrogen alone showed no appreciable growth, carbon alone showed a small amount of growth, and a combination of carbon and nitrogen without phosphate showed growth, albeit not as much as when phosphate was also supplied. We believe this shows that all elements can be a limiting resource in the context of a natural saltern.
Sequencing also revealed that the composition of microbial community will shift depending on the type of nutrient supplementation. Because of this, we can't help but wonder if the composition of a community could be driven by the nutrients available, and if it might even be possible to predict the response of a community to the added nutrients. Future studies are needed to explore these ideas.
Andrea Makkay
Research Associate, University of Connecticut


The Original FileMaker Community
The Leading Filemaker Developer Tools
A little bit of SQL in FileMaker 12 – FileMaker Today
One of my favorite new features of FileMaker Pro 12 is the ExecuteSQL function, which allows you to perform a SELECT SQL query against your FileMaker tables. ExecuteSQL allows you to use SQL to create calculations that otherwise might be very difficult or cumbersome. For example, in the past, if you wanted to get the list of values that had been used anywhere in the field areaCode in your contact table, you had to first create a value list using that field, then create the calculation: ValueListItems ( Get ( FileName ) ; "AreaCodes" ). It worked, but it was a bit of a hack to have to create that extra value list.
Now, all you need is:
ExecuteSQL ( "SELECT DISTINCT areaCode FROM contact" ; "" ; "" )
/* The last two empty parameters tell FileMaker to use
 the default comma and carriage return as column and row separators */
Okay, so it does require learning a bit of SQL (check out the W3Schools' SQL Tutorial). But many queries are straightforward, and using SQL this way can simplify the relationship graph.
Say I wanted to get all the area codes used in Massachusetts. Using the old value list method, I would need to create a field somewhere to store the abbreviation "MA", create a relationship from that field to the contact::state field, and define my value list to use only related values starting from the table with the new field. With ExecuteSQL, all I need is to update the formula to:
ExecuteSQL ( "SELECT DISTINCT areaCode FROM contact
 WHERE UPPER(state)=?" ; "" ; "" ; "MA" )
/* The fourth parameter is used to fill in the? in the query.
 It could be a field instead of a text constant */
Here's one of my favorites: often it's useful to know the name of the base table (the ones define on the Tables tab of the Manage Database dialog) that is the source for a table occurrence (the tables that appear in the graph). You may have lots of table occurrences, named leads, students, personsOfInterest, relatives, and so one, but each is really an instance of the contact table. Outside the Manage Database dialog, any reference to a table is really a reference to a table occurrence (so Get ( LayoutTableName ) returns leads, for example, not contact).
In the past, it would be necessary to name each consistently to include the underlying base table (so contact_leads, contact_students, contact_personsOfInterest, etc.), and then parse the table occurrence name. Be careful changing table names! But with SQL, you can use the following to get the name of the base table of the current layout:
ExecuteSQL ( "SELECT BaseTableName FROM FileMaker_Tables
 WHERE TableName=?" ; "" ; "" ; Get ( LayoutTableName ) )
FileMaker_Tables is a special table you can query via SQL to get a list of all table occurrences, and the BaseTableName column tells you the name of the source table.
You can replace Get ( LayoutTableName ) with any table occurrence name to get it's base table. I like the following calculation field that stores the name of the table as data, which can be extremely useful when exporting and importing data:
Let ( [
FQFN = GetFieldName ( Self ) ;
tableOccurrence = GetValue ( Substitute ( FQFN ; "::" ; ¶ ) ; 1 )
] ;
ExecuteSQL ( "SELECT BaseTableName FROM FileMaker_Tables
 WHERE TableName=?" ; "" ; "" ; tableOccurrence )
The two variables in the Let function first get the fully qualified field name (including table occurrence name) of the calculation, and then parses out just the table occurrence name for use in the query. Since the calculation never makes reference to anything but Self, you can copy and paste this calculation field to any table without needing any editing.
What's your favorite use of ExecuteSQL?


text:
- Written by Sandra Lee
The Coxey Building Ruins, one of the centerpieces of Ariel-Foundation Park, were originally built to be a steel-casting plant. The building's namesake, Jacob Coxey, made waves when he built the huge factory complex in the early 1900s, but it never became the booming steel plant he envisioned. Instead, after Coxey's brief and failed attempt at steel casting, the building became the home of the Mount Vernon branch of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company. At its peak, the PPG factory was one of the area's major employers, with entire families, including many Belgian immigrants, working to shape and cut glass together.
Proximity to readily available natural gas and fine sand made the factory the perfect place for glassmaking, and it was here that a new process of glassmaking, called the Pennvernon process, was invented. This process, in which glassmakers pulled ribbons of molten glass through rollers up to three stories high, dominated glassmaking globally from its invention in 1925 until the 1970s. In the 1950s, a new and more efficient process of glassmaking, called "Float Glass," was invented and eventually replaced the Pennvernon process as the dominant way of making glass. Unable to adapt to this new glassmaking process, the factory was forced to close in 1976. What remains of the 89,250-square foot building today are a few crumbling walls and three elevator shafts, but the legacy of the industry it represents is alive and well in Ariel-Foundation Park.


text:
Gibbons, Grinling, 1648–1721, English wood carver and sculptor, b. Rotterdam. From the reign of Charles II to that of George I he was master wood carver to the crown. Sir Christopher Wren employed him for architectural decoration. Blenheim, Whitehall Palace, and the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, contain masterly carvings by Gibbons. Other works include a marble font in St. James's, Piccadilly, and a bronze statue of James II outside the National Gallery, London.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Grinling Gibbons from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: European Art, 1600 to the Present: Biographies


Maasai Chieftain Visits the Beavers
Maasai_Visit_03The Beavers enjoyed an African cultural evening with a Maasai Chieftain, who had visited us with his wife all the way from Kenya, learning how to say hello and also how to count to 10 in their native language. The Beavers also learnt about the different traditions in the Maasai culture and how the Maasai people live. Chieftain Joseph and his wife then showed the children how to make their own Maasai jewellery and each Beaver was able to make one to take home with them.
Maasai_Visit_01Chieftain Joseph was in the South East of London visiting Scouting sections to raise awareness and money for his village's school and health care provision.
Contributed by Caron Mole, Beaver Scout Leader