Suppose we have $K$ subjects and a treatment with two levels, "Before" and "After". A paired t-test is equivalent to fitting a fixed effects ANOVA:
$Y = Subject + Treatment +\epsilon$
It is also equivalent Repeated Measures ANOVA or Mixed ANOVA, where Treatment is fixed and Subject is random. It tried all four methods for this simple dataset and the Treatment p-value is exactly the same. For the sake of this question, let us consider the fixed effects version only.
The total number of observations is $2K$, while the number of parameters is:
$ p = intercept + (K-1)$ subject effects + (2 - 1) treatment effects = $K + 1$
That is, there are about 2 observations per parameter for any $K$. To me it suggests that the model is likely to be very overfitted, unless there is a very substantial subject effect.
In practice, how often have you seen the subject effect so large that it justifies pairing the observations by subject?
 - $\begingroup$ Note that treatment & subject are orthogonal so it's simply a matter of whether the error variance within subjects is lower enough than that between subjects to offset its fewer degrees of freedom - rules of thumb for a minimum no. observations per regression degree of freedom to avoid over-fitting are made up for observational data where predictors are often correlated. $\endgroup$ – Scortchi - Reinstate Monica Aug 21 '14 at 15:01
 - $\begingroup$ I don't understand why orthogonality should change how the bias-variance tradeoff principle is applied. You seem to suggest that for an orthogonal design, it's ok to add more factors as long as MSE goes down. But (assuming that MSE is the criterion of choice) the same thing can be said about a non-orthogonal design as well. $\endgroup$ – James Aug 21 '14 at 15:27
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Sorry, I didn't mean to seem to suggest that. There are two considerations: (1) Orthogonality ensures the estimate of the treatment effect is independent of the subject effects - it's the same whether you include subjects or not, & the only issue's getting a better estimate of its standard error; & (2) including subjects in the model may increase prediction error (though orthogonal designs can typically get away with fewer observations per regression degree of freedom than rules of thumb for observational studies suggest is necessary). The first consideration is the relevant one for people... $\endgroup$ – Scortchi - Reinstate Monica Aug 22 '14 at 8:47
 - $\begingroup$... interested only in effect estimation & who carry out the t-test or its equivalent ANOVAR to this end. $\endgroup$ – Scortchi - Reinstate Monica Aug 22 '14 at 8:47
 - $\begingroup$ orthogonal designs can typically get away with fewer observations per regression degree of freedom than rules of thumb for observational studies suggest is necessary - I.e., all other things being equal, a if there are p parameters in a model with an orthogonal design, it will deliver a better fit (explain the outcome better) than a model with p parameters and a non-orthogonal design. Did I get your right? $\endgroup$ – James Aug 22 '14 at 14:17
It's a question of how the data were collected. In a paired design, you do a separate randomization on each subject, so you need to account for that by including the subject effect in the model. You do that because it's mandatory -- nothing to do with overfitting.
Pairing is a special case of blocking. Blocking is considered to be about the most effective thing you can do to control for nuisance variations -- such as variations among subjects. To quote from the flyleaf of Box, Hunter, and Hunter's Statistics For Experimenters (2nd ed.),
"Block what you can and randomize what you can't" can approximately justify an analysis "as if" standard assumptions were true.
Section 4.2 of that book (if not the whole book) is a good reference on this topic. And almost any example in that section is one where it is worth accounting for blocks in the analysis.
 - $\begingroup$ What exactly do you mean by randomization? Each subject get both treatments in the same order, so what is randomized? $\endgroup$ – James Sep 4 '14 at 19:21
 - $\begingroup$ OK, well then it is a repeated-measures design. All the more reason to include subjects as a factor. In particular, you still have dependence due to subjects, so it is the wrong model if you leave them out. And there really isn't a choice about whether or not to pair -- impossible to do an independent samples design. Note that one common way to analyze repeated measures is to use the paired responses as a multivariate response. You would then not have Subject in the model but you would have no more degrees of freedom. $\endgroup$ – Russ Lenth Sep 4 '14 at 20:58
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ PS -- it seems to me that if you're really concerned about bias, the bigger issue is the fact that the order of the treatments isn't randomized - making it impossible to distinguish between treatment effects and order effects. $\endgroup$ – Russ Lenth Sep 4 '14 at 21:11
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ James -- if everyone gets the treatments in the same order, how do you separate any potential order effects from treatment effects? $\endgroup$ – Glen_b Sep 6 '14 at 2:46
 - $\begingroup$ That's a question for someone else. In the paired t-test they probably assume that there is no carryover effect. $\endgroup$ – James Sep 8 '14 at 15:02
Your Answer


text: Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are widely considered to have great potential for portable electric applications, and the power requirements for many of them are only a few watts. Therefore, a low power liquid pump is especially desirable for driving the methanol solution fuel for an active direct methanol fuel. The main objective of this paper is to design and fabricate a magnetic fluid micropump that has characteristics of low operation voltage and current and is suitable for use in DMFCs. Two prototypes were developed and tested. The magnetic fluid micropumps are successfully applied to drive the fuel to a DMFC, and measurements of the cell performance are also conducted.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


bit surface with colorkey
+ set for the background color is returned.

- The 'dest' parameter is supposed to be a sequence containing the surface
- and the coordinates at which the text will be rendered, in that order.
- The sequence may be either (surf, posn) or (surf, x, y), where x and y
- are numbers. posn can be any sequence, including Rect, for which the
- first two elements are positions x and y. If x and y are not integers
- they will be cast to int: ''int(x)'', ''int(y)''.
-
- If such a sequence exists, and the destination surface is a valid
- :mod:'pygame.Surface' (independently of its bit depth), the text will be
- rendered directly on top of it at the passed coordinates, using the given
- 'fgcolor', and painting the background of the text with the given
- 'bgcolor', if available. The alpha values for both colors are always
- taken into account.
-
- If 'None' is passed instead of a destination sequence, a new 32 bit
- :mod:'pygame.Surface' will be created with the required size to contain
- the drawn text, and using \*bgcolor* as its background color. If a
- background color is not available, the surface will be filled with zero
- alpha opacity.
-
- The return value is a tuple: the target surface and the bounding
- rectangle giving the size and position of the rendered text within the
- surface.
+ The return value is a tuple: the new surface and the bounding
+ rectangle giving the size and origin of the rendered text.

 If an empty string is passed for text then the returned Rect is zero
- width and the height of the font. If dest is None the returned surface is
+ width and the height of the face. If dest is None the returned surface is
 the same dimensions as the boundary rect. The rect will test False.

- The rendering is done using the font's default size in points and its
- default style, without any rotation, and taking into account fonts which
- are set to be drawn vertically via the :meth:'Font.vertical' attribute.
+ The rendering is done using the face's default size in points and its
+ default style, without any rotation, and taking into account faces which
+ are set to be drawn vertically via the :meth:'Face.vertical' attribute.
 Optionally you may specify another point size to use via the 'ptsize'
 argument, a text rotation via the 'rotation' argument, or a new text
 style via the 'style' argument.

- Setting surrogates False turns off surrogate pair decoding (see
- Font.get_size).
+ If text is a char (byte) string, then its encoding is assumed to be
+ ''LATIN1''.
+
+ .. method:: render_to
+
+ | :sl:'Renders text to an existing surface'
+ | :sg:'render(surf, dest, text, fgcolor, bgcolor=None, style=STYLE_DEFAULT, rotation=0, ptsize=default) -> Rect'
+
+ Renders the string 'text' to a :mod:'pygame.Surface' 'surf',
+ using the color 'fgcolor'.
+
+ Argument 'dest' is an (x, y) surface coordinate pair. If either x
+ or y is not an integer it is converted to one if possible.
+ Any sequence, including Rect, for which the first two elements are
+ positions x and y is accepted.
+
+ If a background color is given, the surface is first filled with that
+ color. The text is blitted next. Both the background fill and text
+ rendering involve full alpha blits. That is, the alpha values of
+ both the foreground and background colors, as well as those of the
+ destination surface if it has per-pixel alpha.
+
+ The return value is a rectangle giving the size and position of the
+ rendered text within the surface.
+
+ If an empty string is passed for text then the returned Rect is zero
+ width and the height of the face. The rect will test False.
+
+ By default, the point size and style set for the face are used
+ if not passed as arguments. The text is unrotated unless a non-zero
+ rotation value is given.

 If text is a char (byte) string, then its encoding is assumed to be
 ''LATIN1''.

- .. ## Font.render ##
-
 .. method:: render_raw

 | :sl:'Renders text as a string of bytes'
- | :sg:'render_raw(text, ptsize=default, surrogates=True) -> (bytes, (int, int))'
+ | :sg:'render_raw(text, style=STYLE_DEFAULT, rotation=0, ptsize=default, invert=False) -> (bytes, (int, int))'

- Like ''Font.render(None, ...)'' but the tuple returned is an 8 bit
+ Like ''Face.render()'' but the tuple returned is an 8 bit
 monochrome string of bytes and its size. The forground color is 255, the
 background 0, useful as an alpha mask for a foreground pattern.

- .. ## Font.render_raw ##
+ .. method:: render_raw_to
+
+ | :sl:'Renders text as a string of ints to an array'
+ | :sg:'render_raw_to(array, text, dest=None, style=STYLE_DEFAULT, rotation=0, ptsize=default, invert=False) -> (int, int)'
+
+ Render to an array object exposing an array struct interface. The array
+ must be two dimensional with integer items. The default dest value, None,
+ is equivalent to (0, 0).

 .. attribute:: style

- | :sl:'Gets or sets the font's style'
+ | :sl:'Gets or sets the face's style'
 | :sg:'style -> int'

- Gets or sets the default style of the Font. This default style will be
+ Gets or sets the default style of the Face. This default style will be
 used for all text rendering and size calculations unless overriden
 specifically in the \'render()' or \'get_size()' calls. The style value
 may be a bitwise ''OR'' of one or more of the following constants:

 STYLE_NONE
 STYLE_UNDERLINE
- STYLE_ITALIC
- STYLE_BOLD
+ STYLE_OBLIQUE
+ STYLE_STRONG
+ STYLE_WIDE

 These constants may be found on the FreeType constants module.
 Optionally, the default style can be modified or obtained accessing the
- individual style attributes (underline, italic, bold).
-
- .. ## Font.style ##
+ individual style attributes (underline, oblique, strong).

 .. attribute:: underline

- | :sl:'Gets or sets the font's underline style'
+ | :sl:'Gets or sets the face's underline style'
 | :sg:'underline -> bool'

- Gets or sets whether the font will be underlined when drawing text. This
+ Gets or sets whether the face will be underlined when drawing text. This
 default style value will be used for all text rendering and size
 calculations unless overriden specifically in the \'render()' or
 \'get_size()' calls, via the 'style' parameter.

- .. ## Font.underline ##
+ .. attribute:: strong

- .. attribute:: bold
+ | :sl:'Gets or sets the face's strong style'
+ | :sg:'strong -> bool'

- | :sl:'Gets or sets the font's bold style'
- | :sg:'bold -> bool'
-
- Gets or sets whether the font will be bold when drawing text. This
+ Gets or sets whether the face will be bold when drawing text. This
 default style value will be used for all text rendering and size
 calculations unless overriden specifically in the \'render()' or
 \'get_size()' calls, via the 'style' parameter.

- .. ## Font.bold ##
+ .. attribute:: oblique

- .. attribute:: italic
+ | :sl:'Gets or sets the face's oblique style'
+ | :sg:'oblique -> bool'

- | :sl:'Gets or sets the font's italic style'
- | :sg:'italic -> bool'
-
- Gets or sets whether the font will be in italics when drawing text. This
+ Gets or sets whether the face will be rendered as oblique. This
 default style value will be used for all text rendering and size
 calculations unless overriden specifically in the \'render()' or
 \'get_size()' calls, via the 'style' parameter.

- .. ## Font.italic ##
+ .. attribute:


text:
Haringey Park is the oldest residential road in Crouch End and it contains what are perhaps my favourite houses in that part of Town. I've finally taken the time to understand why it is the way it is today and how it got there. That story is shared below
Haringey Park was the first road to be developed in Victorian Crouch End, with the first houses let by the late 1840s. By 1861, fifteen houses had been built and by 1871, the number had increased to 25, including two across the end of the road surrounded by very large gardens. Most houses were mid-Victorian villa type houses, with a dozen or so rooms.
Later sale and rental patterns suggest that the houses were probably built and largely owned by investors. For example in 1899, numbers 13-25 were offered for sale in one lot. A few years later, numbers 24 to 29 were sold in one lot.
Claims are made elsewhere that the road was originally gated. That may have been the case for a short while and I'm open to the possibility. However, such an arrangement is not shown on either of the detailed mid or late nineteenth century Ordnance Survey maps; neither it is mentioned in any of the mid or late nineteenth century sales and letting advertisements I have, which wax lyrical on other details concerning the desirability of the road. Nor have I seen any other evidence to support it.
During the early decades of development, the road was home to a range of well-to-do-residents. In 1861, four of the fifteen heads of household were living on independent means, five were in the professions and five were successful merchants. The fifteenth was, rather incongruously, a police constable. All households but the policeman's had between one and three staff, most commonly general servants, housemaids and cooks.
Those early houses include my favourites, numbers 13, 14 and 15.
In 1855 Park Congregational Chapel was opened on Crouch Hill facing the end of Haringey Park. A mid-Victorian community was now complete.
Fig. 3: Park Chapel on Crouch Hill, c 1875. The Chapel amalgamated with Ferme Park Baptist Church to form Union Church,
Crouch End in 1974. This building was then split in two, Half was bought by Dave Stewart of the Eurythmics and used as a recording studio; the other half continued to operate as a church. Both uses continue to this day.
Things did not stand still for long in Haringey Park, however. By the last decade of the century, the road had already begun to change. The number of houses increased from 25 to 42 and at the Crouch Hill end, further development had begun.
The last house before Crouch Hill on the south side the road, had belonged to Reverend John Corbin, the Pastor for Park Chapel. After his death in 1890, the house was sold and along with the neighbouring vacant plot provided the land for the development of what are now numbers 35 to 42 Haringey Park as well as for Ivy Gardens. The advertisement placed for the sale of Corbin's house gives us a little sense of what it might have been like (although the five minutes walk to the station claim, suggests that not everything in it should be taken at face value!).
Corbin had been the pastor for Park Chapel from 1856 to 1871. His passing was mourned by the congregation and he was commemorated with the building of Corbin Hall in 1892, replacing the former school building, seen on the right on the picture above. (Previous changes in the 1860s, 70s and 80s and had already enlarged the southern portion of the chapel and altered the main entrance).
Although the new houses were built on a more modest scale, than the earlier ones, they were still a good size, with ten or eleven rooms in each.
The grainy photo below shows a still leafy Haringey Park. The new terrace of houses on the site of Corbin's house is on the right. On the left, where the library now stands, are the leafy gardens of the earlier buildings.
The next, rather clearer photo is shot in the opposite direction, showing the new terrace on the left and Park Chapel on Crouch Hill in the centre.
On the north side of the road two pairs of semi-detached houses were built, just around the corner from Crouch Hill.
The late nineteenth century development at the Crouch Hill end of Haringey Park is shown on the 1893 Ordnance Survey map. You'll note that the map shows Haringey Park as Harringay Park. Anyone who knows anything about our local history will know that the spelling of Harringay/Haringey is a vexed question that has occupied far too much of people's time. For present purposes, suffice it to say that the overwhelming majority of contemporary local references used the -ey form. One can only assume then that the usage of the -ay spelling on this map was an oversight.
Changes at the Crouch Hill End were completed by the end of the century with the laying out and development of Hatherley Gardens.
The subsequent development phase shifted to the far end of the road. The mid-century villas that stood on the eastern hundred yards of the road were sold in two lots. Bourne Road was laid out and connected to Haringey Park, necessitating the demolition of the two villas that had stood at the end of the formerly close-ended road. On the south side, numbers 25 to 39 were demolished and on the north, 13 to 22 were sold with some later to be converted to flats.
The houses on the southern side were replaced with two mansion blocks called Ravensdale Mansions. Next to them, Sandringham Gardens was laid out and two pairs of late Victorian semis were erected.
The once tranquil and sparsely populated road had changed significantly in nature. The 1911 census suggests that the type of occupants had changed too. Whilst there were still one or two people of independent means, the merchant and professional occupants had, by and large, moved on and the road had become more clerical and commercial.
The occupant group in 1911 included commercial travellers, articled clerks, a dressmaker and a builder. One house was described as a boarding house and one was running as a nursing home.
In the 1920s, at the far end of the road, on the north side, the last two villas were converted to flats and named Haringey Park Mansions (Park Mansions by the 1930s). By 1929, number 16 and 17 had been converted to flats as Harcourt House. Two years later number 18 had been subsumed into the Harcourt development and by 1938, they had been renamed Harcourt Mansions.
At the Crouch Hill End the road was lined now with shops.
Fig. 11: The south corner of the junction with Crouch Hill c1910. On the corner is Norris's florist shop.
Fig. 12: The north corner of the junction with Crouch Hill c1905. On the corner is Agnew's dressmaker.
But bigger changes were also afoot. We know from an advertisement for sale placed at the end of the nineteenth century that numbers 13 to 23, on the north side of the road, had been sold as a single lot. This unified ownership had clearly allowed for the easy development of the land for purposes other than residential. Half of the long gardens of numbers 13 to 18 were sold and given over to light industry. In 1919, a business called Slabs Ltd was established. The owners described their business as follows.
To acquire and carry on the business of manufacturers and dealers in building materials and appliances.
(The Builder 1919)
By 1925, the premises had been taken over as a car service facility run on behalf of Morris Motors. By 1929 it had been taken over by Lyne and Wagstaff, and run as Morris's North London Service Centre. In 1948 the firm moved to 3 Crouch End Hill. They moved again soon afterwards to 163 Tottenham Lane (until recently this premises was being run as Kwik Fit). The Haringey Park property was sold and run as a coach building works.
Just to the west of the motor business, the land was acquired by the Borough of Hornsey and, by 1935, the new Hornsey Town Hall was up and running.
Just to its east a small cluster of buildings was erected to serve as the new Borough of Hornsey School Clinic.
Fig. 13: Haringey Park in aerial shots, 1938, by Aerofilms (© Historic England) and 2023 Google Maps. birdseye view. (Click the image and click again to enlarge)
In 1937, the Borough bought numbers 9 and 10, Haringey Park and before long demolished the houses. After leaving the land empty during the war, the space was developed as a small park shortly after the war.
In the 1960s the Borough bought numbers 6, 7, and 8 to the west of the small park and numbers 11 and 12 to its east. The land was used for the development of the new Hornsey Library. Built between 1963 and 1965, it opened just as Hornsey was being amalgamated into the new Borough of Haringey.
During this period the borough also acquired number 32 Haringey Park, opposite the library. This building was used used as a children's care home from 1963 until the early years of this century, when it used the name of Haringey Park Children's Home.
During the later part of the last century, the industrial usage to the east of the Town Hall ended and by 2003, it was developed as flats in the clumsily-named Primezone Mews.
The world is not finished with changing Haringey Park yet. The latest phase sees the redevelopment of the old town hall as a hotel and flats.
What a lot of change over 175 years.
All the above is sourced from original research, mainly using


text:
The Many Types of American Parrotlets
Green Parrotlets: In order to obtain a green Parrotlet you have to breed out 5 generations or more to acquire a true green Parrotlet otherwise known as the Clean Green there are no other colors or splits present in this birds lineage. The advantages of having a Clean Green Parrotlet is they are used to create blue split, yellow split Parrotlets.
If you pair a blue and yellow Parrotlet this will in turn produce a green Parrotlet which will be known as a triple split and paired with a Dilute Blue Parrotlet will produce offspring consisting of four colors of birds which include yellow, blue, green and white all coming from a green triple split Parrotlet.
Amercican Yellow Parrotlet: was created by old friend and geneticist Rainer Ehrhardt. The method he used to create the bird was through selected breeding and genetic alteration. He is also known for the creation of the American White Parrotlet. Xtreem Parrotlets til this very day have an original American Yellow that was actually purchased from Mr Ehrhardt 14 year ago.
Blue Parrotlet: The true blue Parrotlet is a product of a natural occurring mutation. Most breeders include the blue Parrotlet due to they are used to create triple splits by placing the blue Parrotlet with an American Yellow thus producing the green triple split. They can also be used to create blue fallow Parrotlets and much more.
American White Parrotlet: The white Parrotlet has both recessed and dominant genes the dominant gene being blue and the recessive gene being yellow. The white Parrotlet is used to create a vast variety of different colored mutations.
Turquoise Parrotlet: The turquoise consider the Turquoise Parrotlet is the Alpha and Omega of Parrotlets. As all rare mutations cannot be created without this bird. The Turquoise Parrotlet is responsible for the creation of turquoise pied, the dilute turquoise, white turquoise fallow pied, creamino, turquoise pastel, the fallow turquoise and much much more.
For The Breeder As Well As The Family Pet
At Xtreem Parrotlets these birds are often used in our breeding programs. Without these mutations we would not be able to produce some of the rarest Parrotlets we have to offer. Also they make great pets. They love to cuddle, perform tricks and talk. They are great companion birds.
See More Xtreem Parrotlets

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Centro Cultural Cariri is an architectural and urban requalification project, located in the plot where the Sagrada Família Seminar was built in 1945 - a religious training center that served the city of Crato, in Brazil. At the beginning of the 70s, the religious teaching unit started to function as Hospital Manoel de Abreu, that served both the seminary neighborhood, nearby municipalities and cities of other states. The hospital is partially closed in 2014, with the building already in a high state of disrepair.
The proposal focused on converting the 58,000m2 of land into a large cultural space, integrating the existing building as the main volume - where are located the exhibition rooms and the complementary program - and proposing two new buildings - the Theater and the Planetarium - as well as some recreational and sports equipment incorporated in the design of the park.
The exterior arrangements function as an organizing element for the project. The two large axes proposed form a cross between themselves and the pavement takes on the tone of the local stone. This gesture, in addition to disciplining the ensemble, makes it possible to relate the new constructions to the central building of the old Hospital.
The Theater is located at one end of the transversal axis and consists of six floors. It occupies the place of a precarious construction, adjacent to the main construction, and is connected to it through a pedestrian bridge, highlighting the new construction in relation to the existing one.
The Planetarium is located at the end of the longitudinal axis, next to a second entrance to the park, close to the Grangeiro river. Its location allows to approach some of the program from the center of the park, while valuing the relationship between the urban center and the river bank.


text:
Given two fixed nonintersecting circles (shown here in red and blue), a Steiner chain is a sequence of circles, each tangent to the two given circles and each tangent to their neighboring circles in the sequence. When the chain is closed, the first and last circles in the chain are also tangent to each other. If a closed chain can be found for a given pair of circles, then infinitely many such chains can be found—use the rotation slider. Also, regardless of whether the chain is open or closed, the centers of circles of the chain lie on an ellipse, shown in green.
By manipulating the "rotation" slider, you can see different Steiner chains for the given red and blue circles, demonstrating Steiner's porism, which states that infinitely many such chains exist. By deselecting the "closed chain" checkbox, you can then adjust the radius of the red circle and create open chains. You can try to find the appropriately sized inner circle to create a closed chain for practice. When the inner circle radius is 0, the inner circle becomes a point and the Steiner chain becomes a closed chain of two circles.


text:
Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry Company
The Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry Company (FILI) was formed on 23 Aug. 1793, when European countries were involved in a war growing out of the French Revolution. The reason for its organization may have been fear that the Spanish in Louisiana would incite the Indians to attack, but recent scholarship supports the view that alarm over slave rebellions in Haiti was more likely.
In 1825 the company attended the Marquis de Lafayette on his visit to Fayetteville (named in 1784 in honor of the French nobleman who fought with the American revolutionaries). Construction of the U.S. arsenal in Fayetteville in 1838 increased the importance of the company. When the Civil War began, the FILI joined the 1st North Carolina Volunteers, called the "Bethel" Regiment, as Company H. It was the first regiment organized in North Carolina and fought in the Battle of Bethel, the first engagement of the war. Some of its members were among the troops who surrendered at Appomattox.
Although the FILI achieved glory, its history was marked by controversy, such as when it refused to retire the gray uniform of the Confederacy, which prevented its acceptance into the State Guard. During the Spanish-American War, the FILI entered national service as Company A, 2nd Regiment, commanded by Capt. Benjamin R. Huske. Wearing their Confederate uniforms, the enlistees marched into Camp Dan Russell, where "they doffed the grays" and "donned the blues" of the United States. The company trained at Tybee Island, Ga., but did not sail to Cuba. The troops were mustered out at Macon, Ga., on 8 Feb. 1899. In 1917 the company went to Camp Stewart at El Paso, Tex., to help defend the border from raids by Mexican leader Francisco Villa.
During World War I the FILI served as Company F of the 119th Infantry Regiment, part of the Thirtieth Division, and fought in Flanders-its last military service. It has sometimes been confused with the Fayetteville Light Infantry Company, which also fought in a number of wars, including the Civil War.
After World War I, the FILI continued as a fraternal and social organization. It maintained an armory where Fort Bragg soldiers were often entertained, and it established a museum to house records and artifacts from antebellum days and from its World War I service. In the early 2000s the company functioned as a ceremonial unit with a color guard dressed in the uniform of the late antebellum period.
James C. MacRae, "The Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry Company," North Carolina Booklet (9 Apr. 1908).
Roy Parker Jr., Cumberland County: A Brief History (1990).
Joseph F. Steelman, North Carolina's Role in the Spanish-American War (1975).
North Carolina Digital Collections search results for Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry Company
(2nd) Lieutenant Charles B. Cook, Confederate, Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry, early Civil War era, in uniform showing fancy hat and sword. Image courtesy of the State Archives of North Carolina, call #: N_59_12_95.
1 January 2006 | Steelman, Lala Carr

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Swiss Company Turns Your Loved One's Ashes Into A Beautiful Diamond
November 8, 2014
When your time on Earth is over, how will you be honored? A new trend has people skipping out on the traditional burial funeral for something a little more glamorous - turning into a diamond.
turning ashes of loved ones into diamonds
A finished diamond. The color comes from the amount of boron in the ashes / algordanza
Swiss company, Algordanza, provides a service where the cremated remains of a loved one convert into a diamond. The diamond can then be used in jewelry or kept in a collection.
"A Memorial Diamond symbolizes love, loyalty and respect for loved ones who have passed away," Algordanza says on their website. "The process of creating a diamond funeral has generated a completely new way of saying goodbye to our beloved deceased - one that is modern, full of promise and filled with peace."
So how do they do it?
First, the carbon is extracted from the cremated remains. The human body is about 18% carbon, and about 2% of that remains after the cremation process. This is the carbon Algodanza uses to make their diamonds, and filters out of the other materials via a chemical process. The carbon is heated and turned into graphite, the material found in pencils.
The graphite is heated to 2,700 degrees Fahrenheit and subjected to as many as 870,000 pounds of pressure per square inch. The result of this process, which mimics a process deep in the Earth, is a diamond that ranges from white to dark blue in color. The color variation depends on the amount of Boron in the ashes.
turning ashes of loved ones into diamonds
The diamond is then cut and polished.
turning ashes of loved ones into diamonds
(H/T) ViralNova. You can learn more at
Turning a loved one's ashes into a diamond is not a cheap process, but it's comparable with the cost of an average funeral. This process will set you back about $4,500.
Would you want to me made into a diamond?
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Programming Languages war
Python, PHP, Javascript (Nodejs)
Length of Longest Substring
Programming Languages war Python, PHP, Javascript (Nodejs) Length of Longest Substring
English
Carlos Rivas's photo
Carlos Rivas
Published on Mar 30, 2021
4 min read
Hey my friends, a new post about this war. I don't know which is better, but I'll try to figure it out. I hope y'all enjoy this series. Here we go!
This is a challenge of leetcode.com I made this challenge with Python3, and next I made PHP and Javascript the same way.
Problem:
Given a string s, find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.
Example 1:
Input: s = "abcabcbb" Output: 3 Explanation: The answer is "abc", with the length of 3.
Python
I know that I can receive any string, so I need to manage that in Python, I know that I can read a string letter by letter with a For loop, I create two variables "longest" and "newstr" as list, I create a try-except method to validate and to manage the method "index" if exist in the list the same letter, I receive the position the letter if exist in the new list and remove each letter before that with the method "remove", next I add the new letter to the new list with the method "append", and last I validate if the length to the new list is grater than the "longest" variable, I save in this variable.
class Solution:
 def lengthOfLongestSubstring(self, s: str) -> int:
 longest = 0
 newstr = []
 for letter in s:
 try:
 a = newstr.index(letter, 0)
 while a >= 0:
 newstr.remove(newstr[0])
 a -= 1
 except:
 pass
 newstr.append(letter)
 if len(newstr) > longest:
 longest = len(newstr)
 return longest
sol = Solution()
result = sol.lengthOfLongestSubstring("abcabcbb")
print(result)
PHP
I know that I can receive any string, so I need to manage that in PHP, first, I need to validate if the string is different to void, I know that I can't read a string letter by letter with a For loop so I need to turn to array whit the method "str_split", I create two variables "longest" and "newstr" as array, I use the method "array_keys" to validate if exist in the array the same letter, I receive the position the letter in an array if exist in the new array and remove each letter before that, from the first with the method "array_shift", next I add the new letter to the new array, and last I validate if the length to the new array is grater than the "longest" variable, I save in this variable.
<?php
class Solution
{
 public function lengthOfLongestSubstring($s)
 {
 $longest = 0;
 $newstr = [];
 if ($s !== "") {
 $s = str_split($s);
 foreach ($s as $letter) {
 $a = array_keys($newstr, $letter);
 if (count($a) >= 1) {
 while ($a[0] >= 0) {
 array_shift($newstr);
 $a[0] -= 1;
 }
 }
 $newstr[] = $letter;
 if (count($newstr) > $longest) {
 $longest = count($newstr);
 }
 }
 }
 return $longest;
 }
}
$sol = new Solution();
$result = $sol->lengthOfLongestSubstring("");
print_r($result);
?>
Javascript
I know that I can receive any string, so I need to manage that in Javascript,, I know that I can read a string letter by letter with a For loop, I create two variables "longest" and "newstr" as array, I use the method "indexOf" to validate if exist in the array the same letter, I receive the position the letter if exist in the new array and remove each letter before that, from the first with the method "shift", next I add the new letter to the new array with the method "push", and last I validate if the length to the new array is grater than the "longest" variable, I save in this variable.
class Solution {
 lengthOfLongestSubstring(s) {
 let longest = 0;
 let newstr = [];
 let a;
 for (const letter of s) {
 a = newstr.indexOf(letter, 0);
 while (a >= 0) {
 newstr.shift();
 a -= 1;
 }
 newstr.push(letter);
 if (newstr.length > longest) {
 longest = newstr.length;
 }
 }
 return longest;
 }
}
const sol = new Solution();
const result = sol.lengthOfLongestSubstring("abcabcbb")
console.log(result);
Conclusion
Structure: This time the three codes are very similar. Lines: Python: 21, PHP: 32, Javascript: 24 Time to execution: Python: 64 ms, PHP: 48 ms, Javascript: 92 ms Memory Usage: Python: 14.5 MB, PHP: 17.3 MB, Javascript: 40.9 MB
Would you like that I write about more challenges?
I hope you enjoy my post and remember that I am just a Dev like you!

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Quick Answer: How Do You Know If A Cheque Is Cashed?
What happens when a check is cashed?
When you cash the check out of the account its drawn on, that bank is able to see the balance of the account and immediately pull the funds out of the account to pay you, and your bank never knows about the check at all.
If you wrote the check to another person or business: They will "endorse" the check..
What happens if you deposit a check that was already cashed?
Depending on the sophistication of your bank and whether deposits are credited immediately or once a day, you might be in for a rude surprise if the duplication is not detected immediately. If you have already cashed the check, and later attempt to deposit the same check, the deposit will be rejected at some point.
Can I see who cashed my check?
What happens if a check is cashed twice?
How do banks verify checks?
Can a check clear in one day?
Most types of checks take about two business days to clear, though some banks and credit unions are speedier (jump to a list of banks that clear checks fast). … Cashier's and government checks, along with checks drawn on the same financial institution that holds your account, usually clear faster, in one business day.
How do I know if my Cheque has been cashed?
Present the check copy you received when you purchased the check to the teller; the check serial number is needed to trace the check. Determining the status of the cashier's check can take anywhere from several minutes to a few days. The bank should give you a copy of the paid check as proof that it was cashed.
How long does it take for a check to get cashed?
What happens if a Cheque is not cashed?
Do banks verify checks before cashing them?
You must attempt to call the bank to verify the account and the availability of funds. Not all banks will verify funds, but for which who do you must call.
Can a check be tracked?
Talk to your bank about it. As for tracking checks, in general, they can be tracked using their audit trail from deposit through posting against the account. Or backward from your bank to the bank and account where they were deposited. Your bank can do this.
Can you redeposit a check?
What happens when you deposit a check over $10000?
Can cashing a check be traced?
You can't. All checks and the people cashing them are traceable. No bank or check cashing place or financial organization is going to take a chance on being scammed with a bad check. They will want to know who you are and everything they can know about the person who wrote the check.
Do banks process checks on weekends?
The good news is that checks generally clear fairly quickly, usually the day after you deposit the check at your bank (unless you make the deposit on a weekend, in which case you can expect to wait two days for the check to clear.) … You accept a check from the payer and deposit the check at your bank or credit union.


text:
Lesson 2: Summarizing Data
Answers to Self-Assessment Quiz
- Line list or line listing. A line listing is a table in which each row typically represents one person or case of disease, and each column represents a variable such as ID, age, sex, etc.
- Sex A, D, F
Age B, G, H
Lymphocyte count B, G, H
Sex is a nominal variable, meaning that its categories have names but not numerical value. Nominal variables are qualitative or categorical variables.
Age and lymphocyte count are ratio variables because they are both numeric variable with true zero points. Ratio variables are continuous and quantitative variables.
- A. Because the centers of each distribution line up, they have the same measure of central location. But because each distribution is spread differently, they have different measures of spread.
- B, C, E. Right/left skewness refers to the tail of a distribution. Because the "hump" of this distribution is on the left and the tail is on the right, it is said to be skewed positively to the right. A skewed distribution is not symmetrical.
- C. For a distribution such as that shown in Figure 2.12, with its hump to the left, the mode will be smaller than either the median or the mean. The long tail to the right will pull the mean upward, so that the sequence will be mode < median < mean.
- B. The mode is the value that occurs most often.
- C. The median is the value that has half the observations below it and half above it.
- D. The mean is the value that is statistically closest to all of the values in the distribution
- D. The geometric mean is the value that is statistically closest to all of the values in the distribution on a log scale.
- C, E. The mode is the value that occurs most often. A distribution can have one mode, more than one mode, or no mode. In this distribution, both 38.0°C and 38.5°C appear 3 times.
- D. The median is the value that has half the observations below it and half above it. For a distribution with an even number of values, the median falls between 2 observations, in this situation between the 7th and 8th values. The 7th value is 38.2°C and the 8th value is 38.5°C, so the median is the average of those two values, i.e., 38.35°C.
- C. The mean is the average of all the values. Given 14 temperatures that sum to 531.6, the mean is calculated as 531.6 ⁄ 14, which equals 37.97°C, which should be rounded to 38.0°C.
- A. The midrange is halfway between the smallest and largest values. Since the lowest and highest temperatures are 35.1°C and 39.6°C, the midrange is calculated as 35.1 + 39.6 ⁄ 2, or 37.35°C.
- B. In epidemiology, the measure of central location generally preferred for summarizing skewed data such as incubation periods is the median.
- A. The measure of central location generally preferred for additional statistical analysis is the mean, which is the only measure that has good statistical properties.
- A, C, D, E. Interquartile range, range, standard deviation, and variance are all measures of spread. A percentile identifies a particular place on the distribution, but is not a measure of spread.
- B. The range is the difference between the extreme values on either side, so it is most directly affected by those values.
- B. The interquartile range covers the central 50% of a distribution.
- C. The interquartile range usually accompanies the median, since both are based on percentiles. The interquartile range covers from the 25th to the 75th percentile, while the median marks the 50th percentile.
- A. The standard deviation usually accompanies the arithmetic mean.
- A. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance.
- A, D. Use of the mean and standard deviation are usually restricted to data that are more-or-less normally distributed. Calculation of the standard deviation requires squaring differences and then taking the square root, so you need a calculator that has a square-root function.
- B. Distributions A, B, and C all range from 1 to 39 and have two central values of 20. Considering the eight values other than the smallest and largest, distribution C has values close to 20 (from 15 to 25), Distribution A has values from 10 to 30, and Distribution B has values from 3 to 37. So Distribution B has the broadest spread among the first 3 distributions. Distribution D has larger values than the first 3 distributions (41–49 rather than 1–39), but they cluster rather tightly around the central value of 45.
- A and E. The area from the 2.5th percentile to the 97.5th percentile includes 95% of the area below the curve, which corresponds to ± 1.96 standard deviations along the x-axis.
- A. The primary use of the standard error of the mean is in calculating a confidence interval.
- Page last reviewed: May 18, 2012
- Page last updated: May 18, 2012
- Content source:


Saugus.net
uucode
The definition of uucode
The point of uucode is to allow 8-bit binary data to be transferred through the more common 7-bit ASCII channels (most especially e-mail). The facilities for dealing with uucoded files exist for many different machine types, and the most common programs are called "uuencode" for encoding the original binary file into a 7-bit file and "uudecode" for restoring the original binary file from the encoded one. Sometimes different uuencode and uudecode programs will work in subtly different manners causing annoying compatibility problems. Bcode was invented to provide the same service as uucode but to maintain a tighter standard.


[lammps-users] Tdamp and T-coupling
Hello everyone,
In fix NVT and NPT command, there is a parameter named Tdamp, which is specified intime units and determines how rapidly the temperature is relaxed. We can read a parameter T-coupling in article, for example, Nosé–Hoover coupling constant is set to 5.
I am confused by the two parameter. What is the difference between them, and the relation of them. Could some kind people give me some suggestion?
Thanks in advance.
Tdamp is the coupling constant - i.e. the "mass" of the thermal
piston being coupled to.


text: Cosmos Ecocert is a certification standard for natural and organic cosmetics. It is a well-known certification that guarantees the products were produced using eco-friendly and stringent organic standards, as well as sustainable manufacturing techniques. The certification program's criteria cover a wide range of topics, including the sourcing of raw materials, the manufacturing process, and the packaging and labeling of the finished product. It was created by five European organic certification organizations. The Cosmos Ecocert standard aims to encourage the creation of natural and organic cosmetics that are both safe for consumers to use and environmentally responsible.


text:
I have ten apples. I eat two apples. I now have 8 apples. I can write that story as 10 – 2 = 8
Let me retell that story. I had ten apples on the table and zero apples in my belly. Now, I have 8 apples on the table and 2 apples in my belly. I can write that story as 10 + 0 = 8 + 2
Let me retell that story. Today I ate two apples. I started with ten apples, but later I only had eight apples. I can tell that story 2 = 10 -8
If someone wanted, they could rewrite either of these expressions to be 10 = 8 – (-2). But just because you can do something, doesn't mean you should.
For that reason, I don't like this physics equation,
Ei = Ef – Wnc
It doesn't tell a very good story.
It makes way more sense (to me) to write it as Ef = Ei + ΔE. This simply says the energy you have later is just whatever the energy you started with plus the change, or write it as Ei¹ + Ei² = Ef¹ + Ef² This says that what you start with is what you end with, even if you rearrange things to be in different places. I'd even be OK with ΔE = Ef-Ei = Wnc because then its clear that the work quantifies that amount of energy coming in or going out.
Any else think that writing KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf – Wnc is a bad story?


A Hull primary school headteacher has confirmed that the establishment is closed to all pupils after a Covid-19 outbreak.
Bricknell Primary School in Hull is closed until Monday for a deep clean after positive coronavirus cases were confirmed.
Acting Head of Bricknell Primary School, Nicola Waites told Hull Live that the school has a full range of additional measures in place to prevent the spread of infection.
Unfortunately, despite this, several members of the school community tested positive for Covid-19 at the end of last week.
To sign up for the Hull Live newsletter, click here.
She said: "Since then, there have been additional positive cases in other parts of the school.
"On public health advice, the safest option is to close the school for two days to allow a deep clean and further testing of staff to identify any additional cases.
"We plan to open to any unaffected classes again on Monday.
"In the meantime, remote education will resume for all pupils. We would like to thank parents for their understanding and support during a rapidly changing situation."
It comes as frustrated parents across Hull have labelled the return to school a "total shambles" after hundreds of children were sent home and told to self isolate in the first week since schools reopened.
Many parents have called the system "unworkable", with some saying schools reopened too early, while others are calling for a change to the rules so that less pupils are affected when there is a case within their child's class.
Parents say if their child can produce a negative test, they should be allowed back into school.
Your Hull Live email newsletter
You can sign up very simply by following the instructions here
Both primary and secondary schools reopened their doors to all pupils on March 8, after Prime Minister Boris Johnson closed them to all but vulnerable and key worker children on January 5 to help prevent the spread of coronavirus.
Primary school pupils are not being tested, but the parents of school-age children can now get tested twice a week if they wish, and can collect their free tests from any local test centre, without an appointment.


Wednesday, 14 March 2012
Ordnance Survey Data Importer Coordinate Conversion Accuracy
Update 13 March 2013: Please see latest blog post (fix) on this here.
Thanks to a comment on my original post around my project that imports Ordnance Survey CodePoint data into SQL Server, I was made aware of a potential issue with the (awesome) third party GeoCoordConversion DLL I use to convert the Eastings/Northings coordinates supplied in the Ordnance Survey data files, into Latitude/Longitude coordinates. The issue relates to an inaccuracy in the conversion process, specifically to do with integer divisions instead of double.
So, this blog post is to document my analysis of that and try to quantify what, if any, impact there is on the accuracy of the conversion of Eastings/Northings to Latitude/Longitude. So what I've done is:
 1. Import the Ordnance Survey data set using the released version ( of the GeoCoordConversion library (i.e. the version my project uses)
 2. Downloaded the source code for GeoCoordConversion and corrected the parts of the calculations where the raised issue noted an inaccuracy
 3. Reran the data import into a separate table using the "corrected" conversion code
 4. Ran the following query to try and quantify how much of a difference it actually makes:
 SELECT orig.OutwardCode, orig.InwardCode,
 orig.GeoLocation.STDistance(new.GeoLocation) Dist
 FROM PostCodeData orig
 JOIN PostCodeDataWithFix new ON orig.InwardCode = new.InwardCode
 AND orig.OutwardCode = new.OutwardCode
SELECT MIN(Dist) AS MinDifferenceInMetres,
 MAX(Dist) AS MaxDifferenceInMetres,
 AVG(Dist) AS AverageDifferenceInMetres,
 SUM(CASE WHEN Dist = 0 THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS NumberOfDifferences
The MAXIMUM distance between the 2 conversions for a given postcode is: 124.9 metres.
The MINIMUM distance between the 2 conversions for a given postcode is: 0 metres.
The AVERAGE distance between the 2 conversions for a given postcode is: 2.5 metres.
The TOTAL NUMBER of differences was 1,652,458 (out of 1,705,177 conversions).
This map shows the case that had the biggest difference (postcode: NR34 8JW). Plotted points are as follows:
(A) = position from conversion process before fix
(B) = position from conversion process with fix
(C) = position Google Maps gives for location
Note (B) and (C) are in the same spot, so that's why you can't see both!
View Larger Map
For me, and what I see as potential uses for this data, I personally don't see this as much of an issue especially with an average difference of 2.5 metres. I will add a comment on to the GeoCoordConversion project issue page, referencing this post. Though there doesn't look to be any activity on the project, so whether a fix can be applied is yet to be seen. That's my preferred route at present, to see if the author of that project is around to apply a fix as I currently don't have full knowledge of what I changes I can make to the source code and what would be acceptable in order to distribute the amended source code as part of my project (my project is released under a different, but compatible license...but things might get murkier when it comes to amending/distributing those amendments). In a nutshell, I just don't have time to try to make head and tail of what I can legitimately do (and I don't want to change the license for my project)!
All feedback welcomed
 1. Hi,
 Many thanks for this, it is exactly what I needed. Just a question would it be possible for you to share the updated dll?
 Many thanks
 1. _USER_ - I'll see what I can do. Need to check the license applied to that project / may contact that project owner.
 2. If you can't get anywhere with that project, you might want to take a look at my.NET coords library,
 I've used it for my own projects a lot and several other people are using it without too many issues
 3. _USER_ - awesome, thanks. I will give it a try soon!
 4. Wicked, really wicked cheers!


text:
Objective: Isoflavones and exercise have been shown to affect C-reactive protein (CRP) and body composition and to act synergistically on trunk and total fat mass (FM), glucose metabolism, and lean body mass in postmenopausal women with a body mass index higher than 25 kg/m2. We hypothesized that exercise and isoflavone supplementation (Ex + ISO) could reduce inflammation in the same subpopulation of women. The objective of this study was to investigate if 6 months of mixed exercise combined with isoflavones could have greater effects on specific inflammatory markers than exercise alone in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.
Methods: Thirty-four postmenopausal women aged 50 to 70 years were randomly assigned to exercise and placebo (Ex + PLA; n = 15) or Ex + ISO (n = 19). At baseline and after 6 months, waist circumference, hip circumference, total FM, trunk FM, leg FM, and muscle mass index (MMI; = total fat free mass [kg] / height2 [m]) were assessed (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Inflammatory markers (CRP, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and interleukin-6) were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. T tests were used to compare groups at baseline.
Results: The Ex + PLA group showed significant changes in MMI (+0.33 kg/m2, P ≤ 0.009) and FM compartments (waist circumference, −5.13 cm; % FM, −1.31%; P ≤ 0.001), whereas inflammation remained unchanged. However, the Ex + ISO group showed significant changes in total FM (−1.70 kg, P < 0.0001), FM compartments (hip circumference [−2.51 cm, P = 0.019], leg FM [−1.16 kg, P = 0.037], and trunk FM [−0.72 kg, P = 0.006]), MMI (+0.39 kg, P = 0.011), and inflammation (CRP, −1.14 mg/L, P = 0.029; TNF-α, +0.29 pg/mL, P = 0.010).
Conclusions: Despite an increase in TNF-α, the use of isoflavones—when body weight remains stable—seems to enhance the beneficial effects of mixed-exercise training on body composition and CRP in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.


text:
Mayo Clinic first took root in farm fields near Rochester, Minn., in the late 1800s. It grew from the medical practice of a country doctor, William Worrall Mayo, and the partnership of his two sons, William J. and Charles H. Mayo–affectionately known as Dr. Will and Dr. Charlie.
The brothers' innovative ideas and tireless work in learning and creating new surgical techniques attracted international attention. Physicians from around the world came to watch the Mayo brothers perform surgery.
The Mayo brothers invited other doctors to join them, forming teams of medical experts. Today, Mayo Clinic–one of the world's oldest and largest multi-speciality group practices–comprises more than 45,000 physicians, scientists, nurses and other staff at its three locations in Rochester, Minn., Jacksonville, Fla., and Scottsdale, Ariz., and its regional community-based health care practices.


text:
Are you curious about the native plants growing around you? "What is this species, and what do I need to know about it?" On Sept. 26, 2014, OHA invited the community to bring photos and/or samples to our "Evening with the Experts," event, along with observations about the plant. Community members were encouraged to bring digital photos on USB flash drives, SD memory cards, or email in advance to _EMAIL_. The event was open to everyone, whether they brought in a mystery plant or not. There were plenty of examples available for everyone to learn from.
The event began with a brief overview provided by the panel of botanists. Dana Visalli presented on what flowers are for, how their shapes and colors function, and how they reproduce. George Thornton presented on habitat types, followed by Erica Heinlen's brief overview of bryophytes (mosses, lichens, etc.).
Participants were then invited to bring plant specimens and photos to the panel of experts, and plant enthusiasts were also on hand to assist with plant identification using field guides and keys. Samples of interest were projected onto a large screen for the whole group to see, and specimens, as they were labeled, were made available for display on tables.
Download the event handouts:
- Common Plant Attributes / Characteristics of Common Wildflower Families (1.4 MB)
- Guide to Identifying Plant Families (1.3 MB)
- Plant Families, Methow Naturalist (3.9 MB)
- Recommended Plant Field Guides (136 KB)
About the Experts:
George Thornton, retired Oroville high school teacher, long-time local botanist, and President of OHA's board, will spearhead the event. Thornton grew up in the Okanogan and raised his family here, contributing to the community as a teacher and a botanist, and volunteering with a wide variety of community organizations. His interest in plants began at an early age and developed throughout this life; on Sept 26 he will share from his wide-ranging experience with unique and rarely seen Okanogan Highland plants, as well as the more common species. Thornton provided the first Highland Wonders presentation in November of 2010 on "Botanical Gems of the Okanogan Highlands," and has also lead an OHA outdoor Native Plant Hike at Lost Lake and a Cedar Ecology event near Chesaw.
Dana Visalli contributed his knowledge on the panel, returning to Highland Wonders after his initial presentation on Highland Wildflowers in November of 2012. Visalli has worked for the last 22 years as a professional botanist and naturalist. He has published the quarterly natural history journal, "The Methow Naturalist" for the past 19 years, and has directed a summer ecology camp for children for 22 years. He lives in the Methow Valley, where he is an organic market gardener, and maintains the regional species lists for flowering plants, mosses, lichens, birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. "I am becoming increasingly entranced by the story of the journey that life is on," Visalli says. "Plants are a big part of that story, becoming more complex over time. There are 300,000 different species of plants on earth, each one of them intricately adapted to a particular environment. They are beautiful and intriguing in their own right, and of course they make our lives, and all animal life on land, possible. So let's get into them!"
Erica Heinlen joined the Highland Wonders team for this event, sharing her unique specialty in mosses. The community is fortunate to have a mosses expert living in Tonasket, and OHA is pleased that she generously shared her skill and understanding at this event. Heinlen studied botany at the University of Washington and worked for the local Forest Service for several years doing vascular plant surveys. She caught an interest in bryophytes (mosses) on the job and so attended the University of Alberta and obtained her Masters degree in bryophytes in 2002, focused on mosses of the Okanogan Highlands. She has been working part-time for the Forest Service and contracting other bryophyte work since then. Heinlen was also available to help identify lichen, in addition to mosses.
Do you have a mystery plant you'd like to bring to a future event? Please follow these important guidelines: Download and print Guidelines for Plant Photos & Specimens
- Record the date and your name; write notes about the plant's location, elevation, habitat (surrounding plants including trees, site characteristics such as wet or dry soil, southern or northern exposure, etc.), and any other helpful or background info. Take notes on general plant information such as growth habit (tree, shrub, grass, herb), general size, leaf pattern (opposite, alternate, rosette), and anything else of note.
- GPS if possible, definitely optional
- Include something for size perspective (pencil, ruler, coin are common examples).
- Take multiple images from a variety of angles and distances.
- Digital images at highest pixel density available so they can be enlarged.
- Try to get a good, focused close-up of flower or other reproductive organ, if available. A close up of the leaf, including the leaf edge, is also helpful. Also show a broad perspective where the plant grows.
- If the plant is easily accessible, you may want to take photos at various stages of growth.
- Photos need not be printed out; you can bring them in on a digital device (preferred), such as your camera, flash/thumb drive, or SD card. If you don't have a digital device, prints are fine.
- Never, never take a specimen sample unless there are ample examples – a minimum of 20 in the immediate vicinity, but 50 or more is better.
- If the plant is abundant, take roots and all, if possible and practical.
- Alternately, consider taking a single flower and then notes and photos. If it is an unusual plant, you run the risk of harming a very small population.
- Be careful if collecting seed heads. Invasive non-native plants can be transported inadvertently, or you may introduce a native species that could become "weedy" to you, once growing in a different habitat. Plants with seed heads should be pressed with the book or press sitting in an open plastic bag that will capture released seeds. Once the plant is thoroughly dried, close the bag securely.
- Let the specimen partially wilt – it presses and dries much more easily. Usually you collect in a plastic bread sack or similar bag that is large enough, so you don't have to bend or crush it too much. Do not leave the specimen in plastic for more than a couple of days, or it may begin to rot.
- Use a stack of material, an old phone book, or something that is relatively rigid and large enough to press without a lot of folding or bending of the specimen. 8.5 X 11 is minimum, larger for larger plants.
- Spread out the specimen on newspaper or other absorbent paper with minimal overlap and all parts as flat as possible – particularly the flowering or reproductive parts of the specimen.
- Use newspaper layers with rigid material (cardboard, tag board, or other heavy duty water absorbent papers) below and above the specimen. Use multiple layers to make a sandwich for multiple specimens over time.
- It takes practice to lay out specimens, so practice on common material. They also make great pressed arrangements.
- Include an ID note or paper with notes as described above.


text:
You are here:
Development of cost effective fenceline monitoring approaches to support advanced leak detection and repair strategies
Squier, B., Bill Mitchell, E. Thoma, S. Amin, AND M. Modrak. Development of cost effective fenceline monitoring approaches to support advanced leak detection and repair strategies. 105th Annual Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association, San Antonio, TX, June 19 - 22, 2012.
This is a poster on the development of cost effective fencline monitoring approaches to support advanced leak detection and repair strategies that will be prensented at the 105th Annual Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association, June 19-22, 2012, in San Antonio, Texas
Cost-effective fence line and process monitoring systems to support advanced leak detection and repair (LDAR) strategies can enhance protection of public health, facilitate worker safety, and help companies realize cost savings by reducing lost product. The U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) is working to develop a variety of next-generation fence line monitoring approaches ranging from time-integrated passive sampling to time-resolved concentration and wind field measurements. This extended abstract and poster presentation will summarize development progress on several low-cost fence line monitoring systems. A leak detection system called the deep ultraviolet optical sensor (DUVOS) will be described. The DUVOS concept utilizes discrete regions in the deep ultraviolet spectrum that allow for high sensitivity, non-speciated gas detection of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds and hazardous air pollutants with greatly simplified analysis and optical design requirements. The simplified design concept reduces the initial investment and ongoing operational costs of the sensor while increasing operational robustness and leak detection performance. Both an open-path and point monitor version of the DUVOS system will be described. Another technology that uses fast-response spectroscopic instruments, a precise global positioning system, and advanced wind measurements to locate and estimate fugitive emissions of compounds such as methane and benzene from a remote vantage point will be presented. This mobile leak detection approach can be used as part of a periodic drive-by inspection program to complement and inform LDAR activities.
Record Details:Record Type: DOCUMENT (PRESENTATION/POSTER)
Organization:U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY
AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL DIVISION
EMISSIONS CHARACTERIZATION AND PREVENTION BRANCH


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Lamium galeobdolon (synonym: Lamiastrum galeobdolon)
Yellow archangel is a fast growing perennial plant in the Lamiaceae (mint) family. It is often planted as an ornamental in residential areas, but it easily escapes and invades natural areas. It is evergreen to semi-evergreen and typically trailing or growing over other plants. The flowers are small, yellow, and they grow close to the stems. The leaves are opposite, hairy, often variegated with silver-gray marking, and the margins are toothed. The stems can root at the nodes, and as a member of the mint family, the stems are also square. It spreads by seed and stem fragments.
Height of mature plants
1 – 2 feet
April – June
Yellow archangel looks somewhat similar to goutweed. However, the variegation on goutweed is typically closer to the margins and it has white flowers that are smaller than those of yellow archangel.
Yellow archangel grows well in full sun to full shade, in a variety of soil types, and in dry or moist sites. It can be found in ravines, forested parks, residential areas, and greenbelts.
Yellow archangel can form extensive mats of ground cover, which out compete native species. These mats provide poor food and cover for wildlife. Its above-ground stems can grow 3 feet per year, giving it an advantage in finding light resources. Disturbance seems to stimulate plant growth.
Noxious Weed Listing:
- WeedWise: maintenance
- State of Oregon: Class B
- State of Washington: Class B
- Four County CWMA: Class B
- Columbia Gorge CWMA: Class B
Asia and Europe


Objectives & Strategies
 1. To promote the positive growth and development of tennis in Barbados at all levels
 1. Increase knowledge of and exposure to the sport of tennis, at a reduced cost.
 2. Educate parents about the benefits and opportunities offered by involvement in the sport to assist in their ability to better contribute to the management of their children in the sport.
 3. Increase awareness of available infrastructure in Barbados
 4. Improve the use of the School Adoption Programme
 5. Improve the Junior Tennis Initiative (JTI) programme
 6. Develop a solid programme to support adult tennis.
 2. To facilitate the development of young players to world ranking
 1. Expand facilities
 2. Develop technical and physical strength of players
 3. Increase the percentage of girls who continue playing tennis in Barbados
 4. Encourage the continued advancement of the technical development of all coaches.
 5. Strengthen partnerships with all coaches who can assist in the identification of scholarship opportunities for our young players.
 6. Increase awareness and access to reputable tennis academies both regionally and internationally.
 3. To strengthen the Association's membership and to promote its active involvement in programmes and activities.
 1. Increase efficiency of membership administration
 2. Increase efficiency of Association administration.
 3. Re-establish the family culture of the National Tennis Centre.
 4. To enhance the image of the Association.
 1. Improve transparency, communication and overall governance.
 5. To be financially sustainable.
 1. Improve the planning efficiency of the Association to allow for better preparation by the various committees.
 2. Strengthen the sponsorship relationship by seeking to better understand the needs of the sponsor and to provide a report on juniors benefitting for the same.
 3. Grow the membership
 4. Improve the monitoring / management of and reporting by outsourced arrangements
 6. To participate actively in the international tennis and wider sporting communities.
 1. Create opportunities for participation in local, regional and international competitions.


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Definition of stickleback
v. t. - Any one of numerous species of small fishes of the genus Gasterosteus and allied genera. The back is armed with two or more sharp spines. They inhabit both salt and brackish water, and construct curious nests. Called also sticklebag, sharpling, and prickleback. 2
The word "stickleback" uses 11 letters: A B C C E I K K L S T.
No direct anagrams for stickleback found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after stickleback (in bold), or to abcceikklst in any order:
s - sticklebacks
All words formed from stickleback by changing one letter
Browse words starting with stickleback by next letter


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What is market intelligence?
Market intelligence is gathering and analyzing information about the external talent market.
What is the purpose of market intelligence?
The primary purpose of market intelligence is to provide the client with accurate, objective, and complete information about the organization and its competitors' strengths and weaknesses, inform about possible crises, and monitor the implementation of existing solutions.
How can HR leaders benefit from market intelligence data?
Market intelligence helps HR leaders make strategic decisions on workforce planning in terms of:
- Using workforce demographic data through predefined reports to analyze the number of employees, turnover rates, and workforce composition. This information can be linked to headcount planning, budgeting, and critical talent processes such as recruiting and learning.
- Workforce cost planning and simulation provide access to a broad range of data to facilitate simulated planning scenarios and enable continuous performance monitoring.
- Analytics and measures help analyze HR processes such as payroll, employee administration, time management, benefits, organizational structures, relationships, and attributes of jobs and positions.
- Market intelligence helps HR leaders make strategic decisions on workforce planning in terms of also helps to analyze succession programs, talent management, employee skills, and qualifications and ensures continuity of operations.
- Strategic alignment, ensuring that all business activities align with the organization's strategic goals.


What is Pretzel Salt?
Pretzel salt is a coarse large-grained white salt of uniform size with no additives. The grains are rectangular shaped and flat. This ensures that they adhere to pretzels and other baked goods like bagels, focaccia, bread or hard rolls. The salt can also be used in coarse rubs, for curing meat, for salt crusted fish, pickling and for zucchini fritters.
Pretzel salt is also described non-melting. (King Arthur)
A distinctive feature of Rock-Pretzel Salt is that it has a translucent appearance (Morton Salt)
Pretzel salt is also known as coarse food grade salt.
Common substitutes for pretzel salt include: bagel salt, kosher salt, Red Diamond sea salt, rock salt, and Coarse Mediterranean Sea Salt.
Where to buy it. you can buy it online at Amazon and other independent sellers. it can also be bought in supermarkets like Walmart.
 1. Morton Salt
 2. My Spicer
Author: Liz
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High Quality CompTIA LX0-103 PDF Exam Study Materials And Youtube
Which of the following bash option CompTIA LX0-103 pdf will prevent an administrator from overwriting a file with a ">"?
A. set -o safe
B. set -o noglob
C. set -o noclobber
D. set -o append
E. set -o nooverwrite
Correct Answer: C
All of the following are Mail Transport Agents EXCEPT:
A. exim
B. postfix
C. sendmail
D. qmail
E. mail
Correct Answer: E
Which of the following programs uses the hosts.allow file to LX0-103 perform its main task of checking for access control restrictions to system services?
A. tcpd
B. inetd
C. fingerd
D. mountd
E. xinetd
Correct Answer: A
In the following command and its output, echo $$ 12942 which of the following is 12942?
A. The process ID of the echo command.
B. The process ID of the current shell.
C. The process ID of the last command executed.
D. The process ID of the last backgrounded command.
Correct Answer: B
Which of the following commands will print the LX0-103 exam exit value of the previous command to the screen in bash?
A. echo $?
B. echo $#
C. echo $exit
D. echo $status
E. echo $&}
Correct Answer: A
Which of the following statements about crontab are true? (Select TWO).
A. Every user may have their owncrontab.
B. Changing a crontab requires a reload/restart of the cron daemon.
C. The cron daemon reloads crontab files automatically when necessary.
D. hourly is the same as "0 * * * *".
E. A cron daemon must run for each existing crontab.
Correct Answer: AC
Which of the following commands is used to LX0-103 deactivate a network interface?
A. ifdown
B. ipdown
C. net
D. netdown
Correct Answer: A
A. localhost localhost.localdomain
B. localhost.localdomainlocalhost
C. localhostlocalhost.localdomain
D. localhost.localdomainlocalhost
E. localhost.localdomain localhost
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following lines would an administrator find in the LX0-103 vce file /etc/resolv.conf?
A. order hosts, bind
B. dns-server
C. hosts: files, dns
D. domain mycompany.com
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following find commands will print out a list of suid root files in /usr?
A. find /usr -uid 0 -perm +4000
B. find -user root +mode +s /usr
C. find -type suid -username root -d /usr
D. find /usr -ls \*s\* -u root
E. find /usr -suid -perm +4000
Correct Answer: A
Which of the LX0-103 following commands will provide locale-specific information about a system and its environment?
A. loconfig
B. getlocale
C. locale
D. tzconfig
E. tzselect
Correct Answer: C
Which of the following should the permission settings be for /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow?
A. /etc/passwD. -rw-r–r– /etc/shadow: -r——–
B. /etc/passwD. -r——– /etc/shadow: -rw-r–r–
C. /etc/passwD. -rw-r–r– /etc/shadow: -rw-r–r–
D. /etc/passwD. -r——– /etc/shadow: -r——–}
Correct Answer: A
A. /etc/bashrc
B. /etc/profile
C. ~default/.bash_profile
D. /etc/skel/.bashrc
E. /etc/skel/.bash_profile
Correct Answer: B
Suppose that the LX0-103 dumps command netstat -a hangs for a long time without producing output. An administrator might suspect:
A. A problem with NFS
B. A problem with DNS
C. A problem with NIS
D. A problem with routing
E. That the netstat daemon has crashed
Correct Answer: B
Which of the following statements are true regarding the below syslog.conf configuration directive? (Select THREE) *.err;kern.notice;auth.notice /dev/console
A. Severity crit messages from all facilities will be directed to /dev/console
B. Severity notice messages from the auth facility will be directed to /dev/console
C. Severity notice messages from the kern facility will be directed to /dev/console
D. Severity err messages from the mail facility will be directed /dev/console
E. Severity notice messages from all facilities will be directed to /dev/console
Correct Answer: BCD
On a system running the K Display Manager, when is the /etc/kde4/kdm/Xreset script automatically executed?
A. When KDM starts
B. When a user's X session exists
C. When KDM crashes
D. When X is restarted
E. When X crashes
Correct Answer: B
Which of the following is the LX0-103 BEST way to temporarily suspend a user's ability to interactively login?
A. Changing the user's UID.
B. Changing the user's password.
C. Changing the user's shell to /bin/false.
D. Removing the user's entry in /etc/passwd.
E. Placing the command logout in the user's profile.
Correct Answer: C
To test a shell script called myscript, the environment variable FOOBAR must be removed temporarily. How can this be done?
A. unset -v FOOBAR
B. set -a FOOBAR=""
C. env -u FOOBAR myscript
D. env -i FOOBAR myscript
Correct Answer: C
Read more: _URL_ Download free latest CompTIA LX0-103 pdf exam practice questions and answers online, pass CompTIA LX0-103 exam test quickly and easily at first try.
Reference: _URL_
Watch the video to learn more:


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Buying a used car used to be pretty much an act of faith. But federal regulations adopted over the years have made more information available to consumers, and today the Federal Trade Commission announced updates to the information dealers are required to provide on the window stickers of used cars.
The stickers, officially called the Buyers Guide, disclose whether the car is being sold "as is" (without a warranty) or with a warranty.
If the sale is with a warranty, the Guide discloses the terms and conditions, including the duration of coverage, the percentage of total repair costs the dealer will pay, and the vehicle systems the warranty covers. In states that do not permit "as is" used car sales, dealers must use an alternative guide that discloses whether the sale is with a warranty or with implied warranties only.
The changes announced today have been in the works since December 2012. They include:
- changing the description of an "As Is" sale;
- placing boxes on the face of the Buyers Guide that dealers can check to indicate whether a vehicle is covered by a third-party warranty and whether a service contract may be available;
- providing a box that dealers can check to indicate that an unexpired manufacturer's warranty applies;
- adding air bags and catalytic converters to the Buyers Guide's list of major defects that may occur in used vehicles;
- adding a statement that directs consumers to obtain a vehicle history report and to check for open recalls. The statement also instructs consumers to:
- visit _URL_ for information on how to obtain a vehicle history report; and
- visit safercar.gov to check for open safety recalls;
- adding a statement, in Spanish, to the English-language Buyers Guide,
- advising Spanish-speaking consumers to ask for the Buyers Guide in Spanish if the dealer is conducting the sale in Spanish; and
- providing a Spanish translation of the statement that dealers may use to obtain a consumer's acknowledgement of receipt of the Buyers Guide.
Dealers are allowed to use up their remaining stickers over the next year.


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RSO 2.0 2022 - A Revolution in making oil at home.
RSO 2.0 2022 Has been replaced and is now a dedicated special cleaning procedure.
The Brine Isopropyl Degumming defined in RSO 2.0 2022 is a technically superior degumming procedure compared to the simple degumming in RxCE. When you need to clean up dirty oil, RSO 2.0 2022 fits the bill.
Here is how it is done. This older process contains two discoveries enabled through Isopropyl's Super Power and polarity.
Discovery #1 - Brine Isopropyl Degumming
By pouring fully saturated salt water into Isopropyl Alcohol, the salt ions disrupt the hydrogen bonding causing the alcohol to separate from excess water which then forms two separate layers. This is called 'Salting-Out Isopropyl' and is very well known high school chemistry experiment. Salting-Out Isopropyl removes excess water, but it also frees up all other molecules dissolved by the alcohol. Picture the molecular world freed and now dancing in a big game of Musical Chairs except when the music stops, molecules tend to bond with similar molecules creating pure crystals. This pure crystallization of phospholipids is what you are seeing as a snow blizzard in the water layer.
Now for the first time ever, damaging phospholipids can easily be separated out of the oil. Phospholipids are responsible for locking impurities into the oil. Using this technique, phospholipids can literally be shaken free of the oil.
Silting is a comprehensive cleaning step that incorporates Brine Isopropyl Degumming. Being able to dividing the wash in two separate layers by Salting-Out the isopropyl is a great tool for cleaning out unwanted compounds. The water phase of the brine vacuums up all water soluble compounds, both polar and some semi-polar. Acids, sugars and other water soluble impurities are attracted to the water through polar forces. These compounds historically have been boiled into the RSO which is why RSO is considered an unrefined 'crude' oil. Trichome shells simply sink to the bottom of the water layer.
Discovery #2 - Rapid Winterization
Silting purifies the oil by removing polar and most semi-polar compounds. You can be see the improvement in lab test reports as a progressive climb in high concentration. The term 'Lipids' is simply the family name for oils, fats, phospholipids and waxes. Using Isopropyl for the bulk solvent sets up a unique condition due to it being less polar than ethanol. Once distilling is done, the waste water dumped out, ethanol is used to redissolve the oils for the final reduction. Here's where the magic happens. Ethanol's higher polarity causes the non-polar liquefied waxes to be repelled. These repelling forces cause the waxes to compress into smaller spaces starting at room temperatures as the solution cools. By placing the ethanol wash in the freezer for an hour, the waxes crystallize in the cold and are easily caught in a paper napkin. A simple folded napkin is all that is needed to catch a majority of the waxes.
The power of Salting-Out Isopropyl alcohol used in this process is a tool to separate out unwanted compounds. Silting separates out polar and semi-polar compounds. Distilling boils out the alcohol and absorbs water soluble compounds leaving cleaner oil floating on the water. This refined oil is now ready for the upcoming Winterization.
RSO 2.0 is unique by performing Winterization after distillation rather than before. Normally winterization, a dewaxing process, is done on the large volume of alcohol used to wash the plant. Now, winterization is performed on as little as a half cup of alcohol. The refined oils are cleaned up, and ready to be dewaxed. This is where Rapid Winterization kicks in. By using two different solvents with different dissolving characteristics, a condition is created where non-polar waxes are quickly consolidated when the alcohol is cooled down. The time now needed has been reduced from 12-24 hours to under an hour.
Lab Test Summary
The table plots the Total Cannabinoids reported in each test. Test #1 was run in May 2021 on standard RSO resulting in 34% Total Cannabinoids. The four subsequent tests were run with the incorporation of process improvements. The final test shows an increase to 78% cannabinoids with Silting, Distillation, Winterization and the final reduction.
The five lab tests can be seen [here] in reverse order (Scroll down to the bottom of the page).
So, was it all worth it? The proof is in the oil! Raw crude RSO started at 34% potency and has now reached 78% Total Cannabinoids!
The objectives of faster, cleaner and cheaper RSO has been accomplished!
No more filtering out trichome shells through paper coffee filters as the shells sink into the water layer during Silting.
Alcohol recovery can be done with Isopropyl using a moonshine still or water distiller thus providing further cost savings.
99% Isopropyl is preferred but 91% Isopropyl works very well. This allows the solvent to be reused in future extractions.
Steps in making RSO
#1 - WASH. Wash the plant material in 99% Isopropyl Alcohol.
#2 - SILTING. All the magic explained above.
#3 - DISTILL. Remove the alcohol, collect the oil.
#4 - WINTERIZE. Separate out waxes with cold temperatures.
#5 - REDUCE. Reduce one last time to final oil.
For cleaning up older RSO/FECO oil, replace step #1, the plant washing, by adding 10 parts alcohol to your 1 part oil. Mix it well so the oil is completely dissolved, then continue on with step #2.
Making RSO The New Way
Here's a demonstration video showing how to make cleaner oil in just over an hour. This demo extracts oil from 2oz of hemp trim and delivered 3.77ml of oil in the final reduction.
TIP: Download the Quick Start Guide for the latest step-by-step instructions.
Click HERE to download the Quick Start Guide.
Click HERE to view the Shop Manual online.
WARNING: Never distill alcohol near open flame. Alcohol vapors are highly flammable so always distill in well ventilated spaces.
This oil is appropriate for oral ingesting and vaping. Due to the potential of residual salts, do not torch this oil. Torch temperatures can reach over 760c/1400f and can vaporize any residual salts.
Disclaimer: Your use of any information or materials on the C.H.S. Website is entirely at your own risk, for which we shall not be held liable. It shall be your own responsibility to ensure safe use and operation of any processes, products, services or information made available through C.H.S publications and Website.
Cannabis products fall within ranges of potency. The original RSO recipe was good for 30-50% potency. Rosin presses produce Live Rosin in the range of 50-70%. RSO 2.0 can reach as high as 80%. Distillate and isolates use lab equipment such as Short Path Distillation or Chromography to separate out the cannabinoids. These processes start at 80% and go all the way to 99.999% purity.


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By Tom Collins
LAMBTON SHORES — It wasn't an easy start into the greenhouse business for Roelands Plant's owners.
The Roelands bought a 100-acre farm in 2013 where they built a four-acre greenhouse. They went 13 per cent over budget. And since they couldn't afford to build the greenhouse and build a house, they lived in an apartment above the offices in the warehouse for two years with their four young children while welcoming a fifth.
Jodi, 34, and Adrian Roelands, 33, were the first Ontario farmers to build a propagation greenhouse from scratch in about 15 years. They grow bell peppers, cucumbers and tomatoes. A propagation greenhouse is a greenhouse that grows crops from seeds to small plants before selling them to other greenhouses. Cucumbers, for example, are only grown at Roelands Plant for 18 days before other greenhouses grow them for the last 30 to 50 days. There are only six other propagation greenhouses in the U.S. and Canada.
The Roelands were selected as this year's Ontario Outstanding Young Farmers at Canada's Outdoor Farm Show in September, with a chance at the national award in November in Niagara Falls.
The business has grown quickly. They doubled the size of their operation in 2015 to eight acres and are building an extra four acres that are scheduled to be finished later in October.
They've taken steps to differentiate their business. Pictures of the plants are emailed twice a week to let customers see how the plants are doing. And they don't grow flowers in the offseason. Many greenhouse operators do it as a way to make more profit but the Roelands say flowers can bring in extra pests and diseases.


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Developing Environmental Knowledge and Skills
An environmental professional is able understand, explain, implement, analyse, develop and lead environmental practice (depending on their experience) in an organisation because they have the right level and breadth of knowledge and can apply it successfully.
Overall the profession has high standards of environmental knowledge. According to an 2012 IEMA survey, more than four out of ﬁve practitioners have a bachelors degree or higher qualiﬁcation.
When looking at prospective environmental courses to build or improve environmental knowledge, it is important to take notice of the units or modules included within the syllabus. Typically, environmentally related courses are split into two categories - management based and technical/science based, and there are some courses that combine both of these.
IEMA recommends programmes and courses that are linked to a professional body. These courses provide a boost to a CV and could make a difference when looking for Graduate positions.
Choosing an IEMA Approved course will provide added reassurance that the programme has been externally assessed. IEMA membership will be awarded on completion of these particular courses. For more details on IEMA Approved Training courses please visit our Training pages.
To aid the decision making process for individuals currently at school or thinking of participating in higher education, please visit the following pages Studying at University and Choosing what to study at school.


Fuel For Surfing
Barreling into the winter months, our routines, sleep habits, skin-care regimens are diets will gradually shift. If you are a surfer, your wetsuits, wax, boards and surfing schedule will change as well to accommodate the colder water, shorter days and darker mornings. For surfers in particular, our eating habits for fueling our activity levels are important regardless of the season to stay fit and healthy in the line-up.
Eating with the seasons is often lost with our access to food from around the world, but we should try to eat as local and organic as possible. Taking note of what foods preserve natural resources, support biodiversity, animal welfare and avoidance of genetically modified foods are a good start. If we are conscious of our food choices, we will nourish our bodies as well as our minds.
What you put into your body is as important as the work your body does, and both practices are opportunities to be preventative and proactive in your overall health.
Surf 1We spoke with several surfers to learn what works for them, and the theme was natural, whole foods, avoiding sugar and preservatives. Variety was key, whether it is consuming many types of proteins, vegetables or herbs. One surfer soaks chia seeds overnight in coconut water for breakfast, adding berries and nuts for essential fats and amino acids. Avocados were popular, as well as nut milk, fruits and teas.
Surf 3We also heard a lot about taking care of your health for performance now and in the future. Respecting your food as much as surfers respect the ocean should be a goal for everyone. Knowing where your ingredients come from, consuming unprocessed foods as close to their natural state as possible and avoiding chemicals are critical. Opting for kale and not Kale chips, raw nuts instead of protein bars, and whole fruit instead of juices are ideal.
Eating clean is about being mindful about what we eat, and often the simple approach is best. Looking for foods in their natural state that are fresh, in sync with the season and as local as possible will not only fuel your surfing, it will boost your well being, all year long.


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Malaria Consortium is one of the world's leading non-profit organizations specializing in the comprehensive prevention, control and treatment of malaria and other communicable diseases among vulnerable and underprivileged populations. We increasingly find our work on malaria can be effectively integrated with other similar public health interventions for greater impact and therefore expanded our remit to include child health and neglected tropical disease interventions.
Job Type: Fixed Type
To provide Health communications, promotions, gender mainstreaming, and implementation support to all SUNMAP 2 projects in the state.
The successful candidate will have:
- Minimum of 3-5 years of professional experience in health communication/promotion, behavior change communications, community mobilizations, activations, gender development and project documentation.
- Master's degree in communications, social sciences, health promotion, marketing, or related field with a public health bias.
- Experience in story collection and story writing to document projects' achievements and successes.
- Basic understanding of gender and equity-related issues in malaria and public health programmes.
- Adequate knowledge of the state, local governments and community structures and institutions are relevant to public health programmes.
- Basic understanding of malaria and other public health issues in Nigeria and associated behavior change processes associated to them.
- Experience working with media organizations to achieve public health programme objectives.
You may also like this; Freelance Side Jobs that Can Help Boost Your Income
17th August, 2020.
Method of Application
Interested and qualified candidates should:
Click here to apply online
- Due to the nature of this role, we will be reviewing applications on an ongoing basis and the role might be filled and closed before the closing date. Early applications are encouraged.
- Malaria Consortium reserves the right to close the advert before the stipulated time.
To apply for this job please visit recruitment.malariaconsortium.org.


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As a general rule, holes are found only in_______
Right Answer is:
As a general rule, holes are found only in semiconductors.
⇒ The electrons and holes formed by the addition of the donor and acceptor impurities are called majority carriers.
⇒ As the name implies, these carriers are responsible for most of the current in the extrinsic semiconductor material and lower the resistivity considerably.
⇒ In addition to the majority carriers, there are a small number of free electrons in p-type material and a small number of free holes in n-type material, produced by thermal agitation of the atoms in the crystal as mentioned previously.
⇒ These electrons and holes are also available to carry a current and are called minority carriers.


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WARNING: This application works only with devices equipped with barometer (iPhone 6, 6+, 7, 7+, SE).
Pressurisation is used to create a safe environment on board of aircraft flying at high altitudes (generally above 13,000 feet). Compressed air is pumped into the cabin trough an environmental control system.
This application can measure the differential pressure and relative altitude of a pressurized aircraft cabin.
There are 4 cockpit design available:
- PIPER: preferred for turboprop aircrafts (max 5.5 ΔP)
- CITATION: based on the notorious biz jet (max 8.9 ΔP)
- BOEING: preferred for jet airliners (max 9.1 ΔP)
- AIRBUS: preferred for jet airliners (max 8.6 ΔP)
The cabin altitude gauge (CABIN ALT), displays the relative altitude inside the cabin of the aircraft in thousand feet.
The differential pressure gauge (DIFF PRESS or ΔP) displays the difference between the air pressure inside and outside the aircraft in PSI. The higher the differential pressure, the lower the cabin altitude is at a same flying altitude.
Example: a plane flying at an altitude of 25,000 feet with a cabin differential pressure of 5 PSI will provide a cabin altitude of 9,100 feet while a plane flying at the same altitude but with a cabin differential pressure of 6 PSI will provide a more comfortable cabin altitude of 6,700 feet.
The variometer gauge (CABIN CLIMB) indicates how quickly the cabin is climbing or descending in feet per minute.
The ground speed is displayed in Knots. The Mach indicator is based on estimated IAS and altitude.
A "direct readings" page allows to read the sensors' raw data.
- This application works only on devices with barometer.
- The GPS has to be active. If you are in airplane mode, initially start the Apple maps app to activate the GPS.
- A good GPS signal is necessary for the app the work correctly. Place your iPhone in a position where you get a clear view of the sky, preferably close to a window. It can take up to few minutes minutes to receive a good signal.
- Updated to iOS10
- Updated to fit all screen sizes
- Added "direct readings" screen
- Setting page updated
- Bugs fixed
With Family Sharing set up, up to six family members can use this app.