try starting with this simple tried and tested formula. On Facebook and LinkedIn, the character limit for your bio is longer, but that doesn't mean you should use all those characters. In fact, I strongly advise you not to. Banishing bloat and keeping all your social bios to the simple formula I showed you earlier will make your message clear and your CTA more persuasive than if you try to stuff in too much information this early in your relationship with your reader. This is Naked Lab's Facebook page. You can see they've expanded a little on their Instagram bio, but they still kept it short. They are, however, failing to take advantage of a little trick on Facebook that means you can space out your bio, making it both easier to read and allowing you to fit more characters in this "About" section. This is my Facebook business page. You can see I've split my bio text into two sections. I've done that by adding the second section in this "Additional information" field. Even if you don't need the extra space, by simply cutting your CTA out of the "About" section and pasting it into the "Additional information" section, you're making it more likely that people will see it and act on it. I've shown you one template you can use to write your social media bios, but if you fancy having 24 more, I highly recommend this Hootsuite guide. It's really comprehensive and there are examples of lots of different bios to inspire you. The next four lessons explore each of the four most popular social media platforms and how to write for them. Even if there are platforms you don't write for here, please do watch all of them because the techniques and tips are transferable, not just to other social platforms, but to other marketing channels too. We're going to start with Twitter. 5. Writing for Twitter: Writing for Twitter. The next four lessons explore each of the four most popular social media platforms and how to write for them. In this lesson, we'll cover writing for Twitter. You'll learn three techniques to help you make your Twitter posts more concise, that will also help you create short and sweet posts on all your social platforms. Let's start with a really quick overview. We can best describe Twitter users as 'news seekers'. They're looking for topical information, fresh content, and insights into what's happening right now. In terms of ideal post length, multiple studies show that short posts between 71 and 100 characters get most engagement. Finally, when it comes to hashtags, less is more. One or two hashtags per post will help you jump on current trends and highlight important content without interfering with readability. Keeping your posts short is vital on Twitter. Let's look at three simple ways we can do that. First up, we need to condense our message into its shortest possible form. Here's a post I've written for my client, Urban Barista. It's promoting a new product and the CTA involves taking advantage of a limited-time special offer. It should work well on this platform. It's already under the 280-character limit, but I really want to get it down below 100 characters because that's going to get better engagement. A great way of starting with this is to cut out some of the descriptive words: the adverbs and adjectives that modify the nouns. Let's go through them. I want to keep "new" because that's important to the message. I think we can lose "hand-picked", but I quite like "seductively", so I'm going to keep that for now. "Deliciously" is a boring word that doesn't add anything to the message. Let's get rid of that. Likewise, I think this phrase would actually be stronger without the word "powerful". We've already got ourselves a punchier post. Next, I'm going to encourage you to be a bit rebellious and break a few grammar rules. Many rules around writing are important because they aid clarity and make sure that you get your message across effectively. But certain rules are outdated and breaking them can help make your writing more characterful and snappier. One writing rule that you can break on social media, that's really effective and often makes your post shorter, is to split long sentences into multiple shorter ones. Look what I've done here with the Urban Barista post. The original post had three sentences. This version has seven. Now, you wouldn't want to write your company's long-form content in this style, but here on social, it's punchy, it's a little disruptive, and it's a very effective way to keep your posts concise, because you can cut out some of your connecting words like 'and', 'but', and 'is'. Speaking of connecting words, have you spotted the other old-fashioned grammar rule I've broken? I've started a sentence with "And". Now, this is an outdated rule that I DO suggest you break everywhere, not just social, but it's particularly useful in this context. A quick tip now that involves hashtags, but it's not about hashtag strategy. It's a way of using hashtags to highlight important bits of text. It can also help you shorten your posts. On Twitter, and most other platforms, there's no easy way of making your text bold or italic or underlined. That's a challenge, because it robs us of three really useful ways to highlight bits of text and make them stand out. But there is a way around it. That's to make a keyword or phrase into a hashtag. When you do that, the hashtag is formatted in a different colour and hey presto, it stands out from the rest. In this case, by hash-tagging "this week only", I've not only drawn attention to the time-limited nature of my offer, I've also shortened my post even further. Just one piece of advice. If you do use hashtags in this way, always click on them and see what comes up just in case it's something your company doesn't want to be associated with. I want to show you a super handy tool now from Sprout Social. Firstly, there's a guide that tells you the optimum length for all the major social media platforms. Secondly, there's the tool itself where you can paste your post and get feedback on its length and number of hashtags. Tools like these should only be used as guides. For example, it's good to mix longer and shorter post together on your feed, both for variety and because you're more engaged readers will appreciate the more in-depth content. But on this occasion, I'm really keen to cut my message down so it hits that sweet spot under 100 characters where I'm going to maximise engagement. I've got a bit more work to do. I'm going to switch things around a little and lose this whole section. That's better - short, punchy, and we're still getting our message across. If you need a bit of inspiration to help you craft short tweets, I can recommend visiting Samsung Mobile's, Twitter feed. They are masters of keeping things concise. The most important takeaway from this lesson is that brevity is key on social media. When it comes to engagement, the optimum post length on every platform is likely to be far shorter than you'd expect. On the one hand, this puts some of the heavy lifting firmly on the shoulders of your visual content. On the other, it shows just how important it is to be able to create short, sharp, attention-grabbing posts that hook your reader in and persuade them to take action. Before you move on, write a tweet using the techniques we've covered in this lesson. Start with a longer message like I did, then ditch the drivel, break some rules and use a hashtag or two to shorten it even more and highlight a key word or phrase. In the next lesson, we're going to explore how to write for LinkedIn. 6. Writing for LinkedIn: Writing for LinkedIn. In this lesson, we'll talk about writing for LinkedIn. You'll learn three techniques to help you make your LinkedIn posts more persuasive, that will also help you create persuasive posts that convert on ALL your social platforms. First, a few basics. People generally use LinkedIn for more professional purposes than other social media. Your target audience is as likely to be prospective employees as it is customers, and there's also a lot of B2B activity. Your posts on LinkedIn can be much longer than your tweets, but maybe surprisingly, the ones that get most engagement tend to be similar length to that optimum tweet length, between just 50 and 100 characters. But while the posts themselves may be short, they generally link to blogs or videos that contain more in-depth information. It's a similar story to Twitter with hashtags too. Sticking to one or two per post is best. With so much competition on social media, it's extremely important that your posts are persuasive, Let's look at how we can harness the power of persuasion in our posts and make our readers more likely to take us upon our call-to-action. Here's Urban Barista on LinkedIn. This time, I'm promoting their new blend to trade customers. The call-to-action is to get readers to click on the link to read a blog post on Urban Barista's website. This is an important point, especially if you're intimidated by the very short posts I'm encouraging you to write for social. All your post copy needs to do is encourage readers to take the call-to-action. Once they've clicked through to your website or they're watching your video, the post itself has done its job and your focus turns to the next action you want your target to take. That's the marketing funnel approach we talked about earlier. One way to


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t in the steam will decline due to heat loss through the insulation covering the steam main.
Should steam for tracing purposes be saturated, wet, dry, or superheated dry?
- Dry saturated steam is needed for an efficient steam tracing system since heating applications require condensation of steam to liberate the large quantity of latent heat contained in it. Although superheated steam is sometimes used, it is not generally recommended for heating applications unless a means of de-superheating is available.
Is saturated steam wet or dry?
- Saturated steam may be completely free from unvaporized water particles, or it may carry water globules in suspension. Therefore, saturated steam may be either wet or dry.
- If heat is added to dry saturated steam when there is no moisture present, it will become superheated. If heat is taken away from dry saturated steam it will become wet steam the moment it starts losing heat.
What is superheated steam?
- Steam having a temperature higher than that corresponding to its pressure is called superheated stream.
What is wet steam?
- Wet steam is steam-containing moisture.
How is steam classified?
- Steam is generally classified as saturated, dry, or superheated.
What is meant by «saturated steam»?
- Steam that exists at the temperature that corresponds to its absolute pressure is defined as "saturated" steam, in other words, for any given pressure there is a known and repeatable corresponding steam temperature.
How is steam formed?
- Water is fed to a boiler at a temperature determined by local requirements, but obviously it cannot be less than 0°C (32˚F) at which water solidifies. Therefore, by general consent, all heat contained in steam is based on water from 0°C (32˚F).
- In other words, the heat content of water at 0°C (32˚F) is arbitrarily regarded as zero.
What if the pressure is higher or lower than atmospheric?
- If the pressure is above normal atmospheric, the boiling temperature of water will be above 100°C (212° F).
- If the pressure is lower than normal atmospheric, such as at high altitudes, or under vacuum, water will boil at temperatures below 100°C (212° F).
- For example: at 0,5 bar pressure, water will boil at 82,33°C.
- For example: at 15" of Hg vacuum, water will boil at 179° F.
At what temperature does boiling take place?
- The temperature at which boiling takes place depends upon the pressure under which the steam is made. If the pressure is normal atmospheric of 1,013 bar (14,7 psi), water will boil at 100°C (212˚F).
What is steam?
- Steam is a hot invisible gas or vapor given off by water at its boiling point.
What do absolute pressure and gauge pressure mean?
- If a gauge measure pressure above atmospheric, then the atmospheric pressure of 1,013 bar (metric) or 14,7 (Inch-Pound) must be added to the gauge reading to determine absolute pressure.
How is specific heat used in heat calculations?
- When the temperature of a substance changes, the heat gained or lost is found by multiplying the mass, or weight of the substance by the change in temperature (ΔT) and by the specific heat (sp ht).
What is specific heat?
- Metric system: The specific heat of a substance is the number of kilojoules (kJ) necessary to raise 1 kilogram (kg) of the substance 1°C compared with the number of kJ required to raise 1 kg of water 1°C. Note: 1 kJ is almost the same as 1 Btu (1,055 kJ = 1 Btu).
- Inch-Pound system: The specific heat of a substance is the number of Btu's necessary to raise 1 lb of a substance 1˚ F compared with the number of Btu's required to raise 1 lb of water 1˚ F.
What is temperature?
- In measuring heat, there are two properties to be considered: the «intensity» of the heat and the «quantity» of heat. The intensity of heat is denoted by the term «Temperature» and is known as sensible heat because the heat can be sensed by the thermometer or by the sense of human touch.
- The quantity of heat in a substance is measured in Kilojoules in the Metric system and BTU's in the Inch-Pound system.
How does heat flow?
- Heat flows between two objects because of a difference in temperature between them. When two objects are brought together, the molecules of the warm object imparts motion to the molecules of the cooler object.
What is heat?
- The heat energy detectable in matter is due to the motion of molecules. The molecules move rapidly in an object that is warm. When the object cools down, the molecules slow down. This is known as the Kinetic Theory of Heat.
What is spiraled tracing and how well does it work?
- Spiraled tracing is where the steam tracer is spiraled around the pipe, generally thought to provide more heat and eliminate multiple tracers. However, this method of tracing is very inefficient and is not recommended except for tracing very short runs of horizontal pipe 50mm (2-inch NPS) and smaller lengths of pipe less than 6 meters (20 feet); or to trace vertical pipes. Bare spiraled tracers expand circumferentially causing the tracer to grow away from the pipeline like a coiled spring, thus decreasing the heat transfer rate because of the increased air space between the tracer and the pipeline. On horizontal piping runs, pockets at the bottom of the tracer collect condensate and cause for more frequent trapping.
How does a conduction tracing system or a clamp-on heater system compare with a steam -jacketed system?
- The construction cost of a jacketed system is high in both materials and labor. The system is very expensive to maintain and leakage or failure of the system is difficult to locate. A Conduction Tracing System or a Clamp-On Heater System can generally supply sufficiently high heat transfer rates to provide melt-out or heat up capability for most process materials at a lower cost than a fully jacketed system.
What is steam jacketing?
- A steam-jacketed pipe is a method whereby a larger pipe, called the jacket, surrounds the core or process pipe transporting the process fluid. Steam is carried in the annular region between the two pipes. This system provides a high heat transfer rate. A jacketed system will maintain the process fluid at or near the steam temperature when covered with thermal insulation and there is no flow in the pipeline.
What is the difference in performance between conduction steam tracers and clamp-on heaters with heat transfer compound?
- The heat transfer rates for Clamp-On heaters and Conduction Tracing are substantially the same when larger tracer sizes are employed for the tracing system. Recent tests conducted on multiple pipeline sizes using steam as the heating media show that the two systems have the same heat transfer rates when 3/4-inch tubing tracers with heat transfer compound and Strap-On jackets were compared with Clamp-On heaters with heat transfer compound. This is true primarily because both systems have the same contact area (m2 or ft2) at the surface of the pipeline upon which they are attached and both have a steel structure whereby strapping material can provide a tight connection between the tracer/heater and the pipeline.
What are clamp-on pipeline heaters?
- Clamp-On heaters are rectangular steel tubes approximately 2-inches wide and 1-inch high. The side of the heater in contact with the pipeline is formed to the radius of the pipeline to provide a close fit to the pipe surface. Ends of the specially formed tubing are capped, and couplings are installed at each end for inlet and outlet of heating media. These heaters have a maximum length of 6m (20 feet) and jumpers are used to connect a series of the heaters along the pipeline. Manufacturers recommend the use of heat transfer compound on the curved surface of these heaters to improve the thermal connection to the pipe surface. Generally, these heaters are anchored to the pipeline by the use of steel or stainless steel strapping material.
How do conduction tracers compare with bare tracers?
- Conduction Tracers can generally replace from 3 to 6 Bare Tracers where multiple Bare Tracers are used to hold pipeline temperatures.
Do heat transfer compounds break and lose contact with the pipeline over time?
- It should be understood that not all heat transfer compounds are the same just as all paints and primers are not the same. Field experience and tests carried out over the years indicate that widely varying properties exists between heat transfer compounds produced by various manufacturers. High quality heat transfer compounds will not degrade when installed and used in accordance with defined procedures and temperature limitations. The method of installation described in the previous question/answer virtually eliminates any separation at the interface between the heat transfer compound and the pipeline.
- No third party technical standards on characteristics and performance of materials exists for heat transfer compounds and many small «garage shop» manufacturers produce inferior products. Therefore, the selection of heat transfer materials from an ISO 9000 registered manufacturer having qualified technical back up and testing capability is the best means of assuring a successful and durable system.
How are modern conduction tracers installed on pipelines?
- In a modern conduction tracing system, the tracer and heat transfer compound are completely covered and held in place by «Strap-On» galvanized steel or stainless steel jackets (sometimes referred to as channels). The steam tracers are held firm and

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Healthy Computing Tip # 427: Be oh so British
Working intensely and continuously without breaks may contribute to discomfort and pain. Although we know that frequent breaks provide a respite, we are generally unreliable in reminding ourselves to take a break because we get captured by our tasks and only stop working after we experience discomfort. To reduce discomfort and increase social support, learn to be oh so British.
How to be Oh So British:
Twice a day (morning and afternoon) stop work and take an actual ten to fifteen-minute break. (Remember, the law mandating breaks was written to help you maintain your health.) Place a sign on the office door letting people know the office is closed for a specific time period. During this break, leave your work area and, if appropriate, take this break with your co-workers while drinking tea (it appears to have anticancer properties) and sharing positive experiences.
To increase social support, bring snacks to be shared with co-workers.
Although taking breaks seems unproductive, research studies have demonstrated that people who take breaks are generally equally (sometimes more) productive than those who work without breaks.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Suppose $f$ is a $C^\infty$ function from the reals to the reals that is never negative. Does it have a $C^\infty$ square root? Clearly the only problem points are those at which $f$ vanishes.
share|improve this question
A natural extension of the question is whether every non-negative smooth function is the sum of finitely many squares of smooth functions. The standard anwser from the literature seems to be "there is an unpublished counterexample by S.Cohen and D.Epstein". Does anybody know what this counterexample look like? – Guillaume Aubrun Aug 27 '12 at 15:11
2 Answers 2
up vote 31 down vote accepted
The answer is "no". This is covered in great detail here:
share|improve this answer
There is a famous open problem, whose solution is attributed to Paul Cohen, but no published paper seems to be available: there exists $f\in C^\infty(\mathbb R,\mathbb R_+)$ such that $f$ is not a finite sum of squares of smooth functions. That could be a relevant question for MO. – Bazin Aug 31 '12 at 20:18
The function $$f(x) = \begin{cases} \sin^2 \left(\frac{1}{x} \right) e^{-1/x} + e^{-2/x} & \text{if $x > 0$,}\\ 0 & \text{if $x \leq 0$,} \end{cases}$$ is $C^\infty$ but has no $C^2$ square root. I found this example in the paper Choosing roots of polynomials smoothly by Alekseevsky, Kriegl, Losik, and Michor (available freely here). This example appears to have come from Frank Warner's (unpublished) 1963 dissertation.
share|improve this answer
Yes, and functions of this type are discussed in section 2 of the reference I gave in my answer. – Dick Palais Aug 25 '12 at 4:17
Both answers were helpful. It appears that the answer is yes if you add the additional assumption that $f^3$ has a square root. Of course, a square root of $f$ is a square root of $f^3$ divided by $f$, but while you can easily show such a function is continuous, it is not so easy to show it $C^\infty$. But thanks to both of you. I wish I could check both. – Michael Barr Aug 25 '12 at 11:15
See also the follow-up mat.univie.ac.at/~michor/roots2.pdf – Andres Caicedo May 20 '13 at 3:47
Your Answer


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Until now, patients with advanced melanoma that has spread to the brain have received a dire diagnosis. They survive only for an average of four months.
But cancer researchers at the University of Sydney, Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney's Westmead Hospital and the ACRF-funded Westmead Millennium Institute, have for the first time found a drug which shrinks brain tumours in these patients with advanced melanoma.
Dr Georgina Long of the University of Sydney said the drug, called Dabrafenib, works by targeting a gene mutation found in many melanoma cancers. The drug works by causing the cell to stop multiplying and in many cases it shrinks and disappears.
Dr Long, together with her colleague Professor Rick Kefford tested the drug on 46 melanoma patients, including 10 whose cancer had metastasised and spread to their brain, and 22 non-melanoma patients.
Brain tumours in nine of the 10 patients shrank in the first six weeks and completely disappeared in four patients.
"Brain metastases in melanoma are a major unsolved problem," said Dr Long.
"Up to this point, melanoma has been notoriously resistant to drug therapy in general, and responses in highly lethal brain metastases are particularly uncommon.
"Providing these early data are supported in larger cohorts of patients and durable responses are confirmed, this activity in the brain may assist in addressing a large unmet need in patients with metastatic melanoma worldwide."
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Cost per order (CPO), sometimes called cost per acquisition, is the dollar amount spent on advertising or marketing in order to end with a sale. The cost per order is an important part of any web-based business, especially those which are just staring out, or have a very strict budget. The cost per order price is figured by dividing the marketing expenses by the number of orders that the company prepares, and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a certain type of marketing, as well as seeing what type of marketing is working well with the targeted consumer demographics.
Cost per order figures are used in decision making for Internet companies. It can have an effect on many different parts of the company, from the employee benefits to how much the products cost. Some of the decisions that can be made based on cost per order figures include:
How much to pay employees who put products together or get them ready to be shipped
What types of equipment for product production can be used or purchased
Shipping methods that can be used to get orders to customers in a timely manor
The price asked for a product
The types and amount of marketing that can be used and utilized
While cost per order is a very important part of Internet businesses, there are experts that also suggest taking cost per order information with a grain of salt. The numbers can be misleading because they do not take into account factors like decision making time on the part of the consumer.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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05 December 2011
Women in the Iranian city of Khorramabad are dressed for the ceremony of Chehel Manbar. The commemoration of the battle of Karbala, when Hussein, a grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, was killed, is one of the most important ceremonies of the year for Shia Muslims.
On the ninth day of the Muslim month of Muharram—on the eve of the climactic Day of Ashura—women in some regions participate in Chehel Manbar. In an act of mourning for Hussein they go veiled and barefoot to light candles at forty different locations.
Ceremonies differ from city to city, according to regional traditions. In Khorramabad, women light candles in the doorways of houses and offer cookies to the occupants. They may also cover their head and shoulders with clay in an act of mourning.


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Striped lawn and ivy
In this tutorial we will create a lawn with the characteristic stripes often seen when a mower with a heavy roller is used. This is caused by alternately bending the blades of grass in two opposing directions and affecting the way they reflect light. We will create this effect using a tiling gradient map to control the rotation of the grass geometry. By the end of this tutorial you should be able to:
- Use maps to control scale and rotation
The image below shows the effect a little clearer
- Create a new forest object using "spline_mowedGrass" as a distribution area and "wild grass" as a Custom Geometry object.
- Add the "large_barn" and "spline_road" as exclude areas.
- Set the Distribution Map to dense and Density to 5000mm. To increase the grass instances change the threshold to 10%
- Add "ground" as a Surface.
In order to use mapping to control transforms a surface is required. The UVW coordinates of the surface determine how the map is applied to the Forest object.
- This effect is easier to preview if we change the way the items display in the viewport. Go to the Display rollout, under the viewport settings choose proxy and pick pyramid from the drop down.
- To create the stripes go to the transform rollout and set the following settings:
X minimum: -70 | X Maximum: 70
y minimum: -5 | y Maximum: 5
Z minimum: 0 | Z Maximum: 359
X minimum: 80 | X Maximum: 120
In the settings above the high percentage in the X translation setting is to break up the straight edges of the stripes.
- To create the map open the material editor and create a new gradient ramp like the one show left.
- Drag this to the map Slot in the Rotation section of the Transform rollout.
- The Ground plane already has a separate map channel to control the tiling for the grass. To use it change the map channel to 2.
- To use the map to control the X Rotation tick the Use Map radio button.
- Render to test the effect.
When you are using greyscale maps to control transforms the black pixels represent the minimum value and black the maximum. If you wish to use a separate map for each axis then the red channel controls the X, green the Y, and blue the Z axis. You can find a handy tip for combining multiple black and white maps into a single RGB map using a composite texture in the Forest Pack Reference
Creating the ivy
In this section we will paint some ivy onto the side of the barn. This tutorial uses techniques we have already covered but demonstrates that forest pack is not restricted to scattering on a horizontal surface. This demonstration is very simple, but using forest in a vertical mode could be very useful for visualising dense walls of climbing plants and lush living or green walls.
- To get started create a new forest object using "ivy plane 1" as a surface. Add "ivy 1", "ivy 2", and "ivy 3" as custom objects.
When you create a forest object in generate mode, it aligns its axis to the local coordinate system of the first area selected. If you are in create mode it takes its axis from the active viewport.
We have readhed the end of the forest creation parts of this tutorial. In the final section we will adjust some materials using Forest Color.
- The leaves are too large. Set the Global Scale to 35%
- Set the Distribution Map to "dense" and the density to 4000mm. The threshold should be on about 10% - 15%.
- Enter the Transfrom settings as follows:
X minimum: -20 | X Maximum: 20
y minimum: -44 | y Maximum: 10
Z minimum: -65 | Z Maximum: -120
X minimum: 80 | X Maximum: 120
- In the Areas rollout turn off the surface.
- Create a new paint area.
- Turn on paint and start brushing ivy around the windows. If you have a tablet you can use the pen pressure to vary the size of your paint brush for a more naturalistic effect.
This material is copyrighted
by iToosoft. You are free to link to our tutorials, but if you would like to reproduce content, in whole or in part, please contact


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A Dungeons and Dragons (D&D) Stat Sheet is a document or form used to record and track the statistics and abilities of a player character or non-player character (NPC) in a D&D game. Usually, it includes information such as the character's name, race, class, abilities, skills, hit points, and equipment. The player and the Game Master (GM) help determine the outcomes of actions during gameplay.
How To Make A Stat Sheet
Here are the simple steps:
- Gather the necessary information: You will first need to know the basic information about your character. Identify their name, race, class, and abilities. This information can be found in the Player's Handbook or other D&D resources.
- Choose a format: There are many different ways to format a D&D stat sheet. You can use a pre-made template or create your own using a word processing program.
- Fill in the character's basic information: On the stat sheet, fill in the character's name, race, class, and any other basic information.
- Record the character's abilities: List down the character's ability scores (Strength, Dexterity, Constitution, Intelligence, Wisdom, and Charisma) and any racial bonuses or penalties.
- Take note of the character's skills: Record the character's skills and any bonuses or penalties they may have.
- Record the character's hit points: their maximum hit points and any temporary hit points they may have.
- Record the character's equipment: the weapons, armor, and any magical items they may have.
- Keep the sheet updated: Update it accordingly as the character's level up and acquire new equipment.
Note that there are many different ways to format and create a D&D stat sheet. The above steps are just a general guide. You could also find pre-made templates on the internet that you can use. Also, you can also use a character sheet generator or software.
Has this guide helped you?
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The Whiting belongs to the cod family and has an elongated light body that starts with a large head and ends pointed at the tail. The body is mucous, covered with tiny scales and has no spines. It lives at a depth of less than 15 m on a muddy or sedimentary bottom. It has tender white meat, so it is best to keep it on ice while fishing, especially in the warmer months.
Whiting behavior: Whitings stay at the bottom in small schools, they are very voracious fish by nature.
Hunting season: Flocks of Whitings come to the Gulf of Trieste in late autumn or early winter (Nov, Dec). They can stay here until the beginning of summer.
How we hunt them: We hunt them from an anchored boat to the bottom. The use of stiffer rods with a soft tip (bolentino) is recommended, and screw rods have also proven successful.
What kind of connection to use: The connections should be on 2 or 3 hooks.
Hooks: It is best to use hooks with a long neck (abardeen), such a hook is easier to achieve in a large mole mouth.
Bait: The most successful bait for catching Whitings is a piece of sardine with the addition of a strip of squid, such a combination will be noticed faster by the Whiting at the bottom. In case we have a larger flock under the boat, it is also possible to catch them on artificial baits (smaller silicones or sabiki system).
Brum (attraction): Because Whitings move in small flocks and follow the smell of food, it is recommended to use smashed fish and bread. The best is to put smashed sardines in a net, weigh it down and drop approx. 2m above the bottom. Sprinkle the net several times during fishing.
Baked moths: Fresh Whiting are cleaned in the sea and rolled in bread crumbs and fry in olive oil.
We heat the olive oil in a frying pan, meanwhile rolling the Whitings in bread crumbs. The fish is then placed in heated oil and baked on each side for about 2 minutes. Keep in the pan the for "one finger". Once the Whitings are baked I remove them and salt them.👌👌👌👨🍳


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Nehru Report was drafted by a committee headed by Which Person?
The Nehru Report was drafted by a committee headed by __ and the subject was ____
- Motilal Nehru and Jawaharlal Nehru: India's relationship with the British Empire
- Jawaharlal Nehru; Local Self-Government in India
- Motilal Nehru; Constitutional arrangements in India
- Jawaharlal Nehru; Constitutional arrangements in India
Motilal Nehru; Constitutional arrangements in India
The Nehru Report was drafted by a committee headed by Motilal Nehru and the subject was Constitutional arrangements in India.
The Nehru report contained the following essential provisions
- India should be given the status of dominion.
- The citizens shall be protected under a Bill of Rights. All powers of the government are derived from the people.
- There shall be no state religion.
- Indian shall enjoy the status of a dominion within the British Empire.
- There shall be federal from of government with residual powers vested in the center.
- There shall be a parliamentary form of government with a Prime Minister and Six ministers appointed by the Governor General.
- There Shall be bicameral legislature.
- There will be no separate electorate.
- The draft report also defined the citizenship and fundamental rights.
- Hindi should be made the official language of India.
- Reservation of Muslim seats could be possible in the provinces where Muslim population was at least ten percent, but this was to be in strict proportion to the size of the community.
- Muslim should enjoy one-fourth representation in the Central Legislature.


In partnership with the Maine Memory Network Maine Memory Network
Maine Memory Network
Experiences of Jewish Teenagers in Maine
Text by Madeline Kurtz
Images from Colby College Special Collections, Bowdoin College Library, and Maine Historical Society
In many ways, 20th century Jewish teens were exactly the same as the other teens throughout the state: they played sports, socialized regularly, and went to summer camp.
So what made them different? Jewish teens in Maine experienced discrimination in the first half of the 20th century, whether they were being excluded from fraternities on college campuses or being called names on the basketball court.
Nevertheless, Jewish teens established their own organizations that were distinctively Jewish, while still embracing and assimilating into the Maine lifestyle. They founded their own fraternities, attended Jewish summer camps, and experienced great success in athletics.
Beginning in the 1920s and continuing today, Jewish teenagers in Maine have sought both to integrate into Maine's teen culture and to establish their own identity as Jewish teens.
For these teens, their Jewish and Maine identities were equally important in their lives. Thus, the two cultures fused together to create a single identity of which the teens were extremely proud.
Madeline Kurtz of Westport, Connecticut, is a member of the Colby College Class of 2014.


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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Henry Edward Garrett (27 January 1894—26 June 1973) was an American psychologist and segregationist. Garrett was President of the American Psychological Association in 1946 and Chair of Psychology at Columbia University from 1941 to 1955.
A.S. Winston chronicles Garrett's involvement in the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics (IAAEE), the journal Mankind Quarterly, the neofascist Northern League, and the ultra-right wing political group, the Liberty Lobby.
In the 1950s Garrett helped organize an international group of scholars dedicated to preventing race mixing, preserving segregation, and promoting the principles of early 20th century eugenics and "race hygiene." Garrett was a strong opponent of the 1954 United States Supreme Court's desegregation decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which he predicted would lead to "total demoralization and then disorganization in that order."
He is credited with coining the term equalitarian dogma in 1961 to describe the then politically fashionable view that there were no race differences in intelligence, or if there were, they were purely the result of environmental factors. Those who questioned these views often put their careers at risk.
He wrote in the Citizens' Council monthly journal The Citizen, "Despite glamorized accounts to the contrary, the history of Black Africa over the past 5,000 years is largely a blank," and, "The crime record of the Negro in the United States is little short of scandalous." (Garrett 1968)
Edwin R. Guthrie
|Henry Garrett elected APA President|
- Garrett, H.E. (1980). I.Q. and Racial Differences. Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 1980
- Garrett, H.E. (1968) "Scientist Explains Race Differences," The Citizen, January, pp. 14-19.
- Winston, A. S. (1998). Science in the service of the far right: Henry E. Garrett, the IAAEE, and the Liberty Lobby. Journal of Social Issues, 54, no. 1, 179-209.
- "Henry E. Garrett, Psychologist, Dies." New York Times. Jun 28, 1973. pg. 50.
External Links Edit
- Top IQ-tester Henry E. Garrett, WWII, and the effort to preserve segregation Historical and Investigative Research


Choosing the Right MTP/MPO Cable: A Guide to Core Numbers
Choosing the right MTP/MPO cable ensures efficient and reliable data transmission in today's fast-paced digital world. With the increasing demand for high-speed connectivity, it is essential to understand the importance of core numbers in MTP/MPO cables. In this guide, we will explore the significance of core numbers and provide valuable insights to help you decide when selecting the right MTP/MPO cable for your specific needs. Whether setting up a data center or upgrading your existing network infrastructure, this article will serve as a comprehensive resource to assist you in choosing the right MTP/MPO cable.
What is an MTP/MPO cable
An MTP/MPO cable is a high-density fiber optic cable that is commonly used in data centers and telecommunications networks. It is designed to provide a quick and efficient way to connect multiple fibers in a single connector.
MPO and MTP cables have many attributes in common, which is why both are so popular. The key defining characteristic is that these cables have pre-terminated fibers with standardized connectors. While other fiber optic cables have to be painstakingly arrayed and installed at each node in a data center, these cables are practically plug-and-play. To have that convenience while still providing the highest levels of performance makes them a top choice for many data center applications.
How Many Types of MTP/MPO cables
MTP/MPO cables consist of connectors and optical fibers ready to connect. When it comes to types, MTP/MPO fiber cables fall on MTP/MPO trunk cables and MTP/MPO harness/breakout cables.
MTP/MPO trunk cables
MTP/MPO trunk cables, typically used for creating backbone and horizontal interconnections, have an MTP/MPO connector on both ends and are available from 8 fibers up to 48 in one cable.
MTP/MPO Harness/Breakout Cables
Harness/Breakout cables are used to break out the MTP/MPO connector into individual connectors, allowing for easy connection to equipment. MTP/MPO conversion cables are used to convert between different connector types, such as MTP to LC or MTP to SC.
The MTP/MPO cables also come in different configurations, such as 8-core, 12-core, 16-core, 32-core, and more, depending on the specific needs of the application. This flexibility in configurations enables users to tailor their choices according to the scale and performance requirements of their networks or data centers. As technology advances, the configurations of MTP/MPO cables continually evolve to meet the increasing demands of data transmission.
How to Choose MTP/MPO cables
Selecting the appropriate core number for MTP/MPO cables resonates throughout the efficiency and performance of networks. In this section, we'll delve into the decision-making factors surrounding core numbers in cables.
Network Requirements and Data Transmission Goals
Different network applications and data transmission needs may require varying numbers of cores. High-density data centers might necessitate more cores to support large-capacity data transmission, while smaller networks may require fewer cores.
Compatibility with Existing Infrastructure
When choosing the core number for MTP/MPO cables, compatibility with existing infrastructure is crucial. Ensuring that the new cables match existing fiber optic equipment and connectors helps avoid unnecessary compatibility issues.
Consideration for Future Scalability
As businesses grow and technology advances, future network demands may increase. Choosing MTP/MPO cables with a larger number of cores allows for future expansion and upgrades.
Budget and Resource Constraints
Budget and resources also play a role in core number selection. Cables with a larger number of cores tend to be more expensive, while cables with fewer cores may be more cost-effective. Therefore, finding a balance between actual requirements and the available budget is essential.
MTP/MPO Cabling Guide to Core Numbers
40G MTP/MPO Cabling
A 12-fiber MTP/MPO connector interface can accommodate 40G, which is usually used in a 40G data center. The typical implementations of MTP/MPO plug-and-play systems split a 12-fiber trunk into six channels that run up to 10 Gigabit Ethernet (depending on the length of the cable). 40G system uses a 12-fiber trunk to create a Tx/Rx link, dedicating 4 fibers for 10G each of upstream transmit, and 4 fibers for 10G each of downstream receive.
40G-10G Connection
In this scenario, a 40G QSFP+ port on the FS S5850 48S6Q switch is split up into 4 10G channels. An 8-fiber MTP-LC harness cable connects the 40G side with its MTP connector and the four LC connectors link with the 10G side.
40G-40G Connection
As shown below, a 12-fiber MTP trunk cable is used to connect two 40G optical transceivers to realize the 40G to 40G connection between the two switches. The connection method can also be applied to a 100G-100G connection.
40G Trunk Cabling
24 Fibers MTP® to MTP® Interconnect Conversion Harness Cable is designed to provide a more flexible multi-fiber cabling system based on MTP® products. Unlike MTP® harness cable, MTP® conversion cables are terminated with MTP® connectors on both ends and can provide more possibilities for the existing 24-fiber cabling system. The 40/100G MTP® conversion cables eliminate the wasted fibers in the current 40G transmission and upcoming 100G transmission. Compared to purchasing and installing separate conversion cassettes, using MTP® conversion cables is a more cost-effective and lower-loss option.
100G MTP/MPO Cabling
QSFP28 100G transceivers using 4 fiber pairs have an MTP/MPO 12f port (with 4 unused fibers). Transmission for short distances (up to 100m) could be done most cost-effectively over multimode fiber using SR4 transmission. Longer distances over single mode use PSM4 transmission over 8 fibers. Transmission over 4 fiber pairs enables both multimode and single-mode transceivers to be connected 1:4 using MPO-LC 8 fiber breakout cables. One QSFP28 100G can connect to four SFP28 25G transceivers.
100G SR4 Parallel BASE-8 over Multimode Fibre
QSFP28 100G SR4 are often connected directly together due to their proximity within switching areas.
Equally QSFP28 SR4 are often connected directly to SFP28 25G ports within the same rack. For example, from a switch 100G port to four different servers with 25G ports.
The 12-core MTP/MPO cables can also be used for 100G parallel to parallel connection. Through the use of MTP patch panels, network reliability is enhanced, ensuring the normal operation of other channels even if a particular channel experiences a failure. Additionally, by increasing the number of parallel channels, it can meet the continuously growing data demands. This flexibility is crucial for adapting to future network expansions.
100G PMS4 Parallel BASE-8 over Singmode Fibre
QSFP28 100G PMS4 are often connected directly together due to their proximity within switching areas.
Equally QSFP28 ports are often connected directly to SFP28 25G ports within the same rack. For example, from a switch 100G port to four different servers with 25G ports.
200G MTP/MPO Cabling
Although most equipment manufacturers (Cisco, Juniper, Arista, etc) are bypassing 200G and jumping from 100G to 400G, there are still some 200G QSFP-DD transceivers on the market, like FS QSFP56-SR4-200G and QSFP-FR4-200G.
200G-to-200G links
MTP (MPO) 12 fiber enables the connection of 2xQSFP56-SR4-200G to each other.
400G MTP/MPO Cabling
MTP/MPO cables with multi-core connectors are used for optical transceiver connection. There are 4 different types of application scenarios for 400G MTP/MPO cables. Common MTP/MPO patch cables include 8-fiber, 12-core, and 16-core. 8-core or 12-core MTP/MPO single-mode fiber patch cable is usually used to complete the direct connection of two 400G-DR4 optical transceivers. 16-core MTP/MPO fiber patch cable can be used to connect 400G-SR8 optical transceivers to 200G QSFP56 SR4 optical transceivers, and can also be used to connect 400G-8x50G to 400G-4x100G transceivers. The 8-core MTP to 4-core LC duplex fiber patch cable is used to connect the 400G-DR4 optical transceiver with a 100G-DR optical transceiver.
For more specific 400G connectivity solutions, please refer to FS 400G MTP/MPO Cabling.
800G MTP/MPO Cabling Guide
In the higher-speed 800G networking landscape, the high density, high bandwidth, and flexibility of MTP/MPO cables have played a crucial role. Leveraging various branching or direct connection schemes, MTP/MPO cables are seamlessly connected to 800G optical modules, 400G optical modules, and 100G optical modules, enhancing the richness and flexibility of network


here why does mother cat move only one kitten
Take note that a mother cat can reject any of its kittens for some reason. And when this happens, you should take care of the kitty to ensure that it will survive.
Are runts always born last?
Most of the time, runts are the ones born last because they are also conceived later than other litter members. This makes them weaker and smaller, with some having underdeveloped skeletons and body organs.
However, the runt doesn't have to be born last all the time. There are instances when runts are born ahead of other healthy kittens. This is the reason why the birth order isn't used to define which one of the kittens is the true runt.
Knowing how to tell if your cat is a runt goes beyond the notion of which kitten is born last. You have to check the kitten's size and health to identify the weakling among the group. Despite their weaker bodies, runts can survive and become beautiful cats. Giving the weakest littler member a chance in life is one of the greatest joy of being a cat owner.


text: Multi-user Droplet Combustion Apparatus (MDCA): Wilmore reviewed procedures and gathered hardware and tools for MDCA Hardware Replacement Part 1. Today's activity had the crew configure the Fluid Combustion Facility (FCF) MDCA Chamber Insert Assembly (CIA) in support of the Flame Extinguishment Experiment-2 (FLEX-2) Binary-Droplet Array test points. Crew then removed the MDCA CIA from the CIR Combustion Chamber, restrained it to the Maintenance Work Area (MWA), removed the MDCA Fiber Arm, removed both MDCA Igniters, replaced the MDCA Color Camera, and re-installed the MDCA CIA in the Chamber. FLEX-2 uses small droplets of fuel to study the special burning characteristics of fire in space. The FLEX-2 experiment studies the rate and manner in which fuel is burned, the conditions that are necessary for soot to form, and the way in which a mixture of fuels evaporate before burning. The results from these experiments will give scientists a better understanding how fires behave in space and will provide important information that will be useful in increasing the fuel efficiency of engines using liquid fuels.


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New Product: OCULUS Surveillance Robot
While new innovation in surveillance is sorely lacking, a startup is championing an amitious idea - surveillance robots - using very non traditional means. In this note, we examine OCULUS's key features, pricing and positioning looking at where this might provide tangible benefits to security users.
The 'OCULUS: Surveillance and Telepresence Robot' pairs a laptop/netbook device with a Arduino powered, remotely controlled motorized carriage. Using the integrated computer webcamera as eyes, the carriage provides the ability to steer and position the combine devices as a type of surveillance drone. While not intended to be a replacement for a purpose-built security drone, the OCULUS proves a mobile camera beyond PTZ capability for a very low cost.
Below is an image of the unit:
Here is their promotional video:
The 'inventor' of OCULUS, Colin Adamson of Xaxxon Technologies, describes how the unit could be useful to autonomously patrol blindspots in existing video surveillance systems. However, limitations of patrolling PTZ cameras also apply to OCULUS. He suggests that OCULUS could indicate a 'more ominious security presence' since the robot includes 2 way audio and can be equipped with headlights. Adamson envisions a fleet of inexpensive, autonomously patrolling robots supplementing small staffs of human security guards. Placing a robot in harm's way is a preffered scenario over risking human life, and OCULUS might provide that option in some circumstances.
Features and Limitations
Camera Performance: This key performance attribute is governed by the quality of the integrated webcamera on the paired computer. As such, resolution, framerate, and low-light performance are may be marginal.
Speed: Unit quickness is limited by system power budget. The robot moves rather quickly given power and weight constraints, but is rather modest compared to a running human.
Power: Unit power is drawn from the laptop/netbook, and service life depends entirely on the size and strength of those batteries. OCULUS' website states that 'typical laptop batteries support 1 - 2 hours of continuious video streaming and driving before requiring a recharge'.
Terrain: the unit is not suitable to be driven on anything but flat, even terrain and is not sealed against moisture. This limits the deployment areas of OCULUS to flat indoor spaces like corridors, warehouse areas, and parking garages.
Controls: Robot system software is installed on the WiFi connected OCULUS laptop, and a remote control client runs via system web browser. Viewing and control apps are available for both iOS and Android powered devices. The picture below shows an example of the Android interface:
Currently, the video stream generated by OCULUS is for live viewing only, and is not recorded to the local machine. Live camera views can be seen by concurrent users. The video has no provision to be externally streamed or recorded by 3rd party video management software.
The OCULUS ROV can be purchased directly from Xaxxon for about $270 USD. This price does not include the central laptop/netbook component, and must be furnished seperately. The concept is designed to work with a number of different types of computers, and older laptops may be a good repurposed fit. A charging station is part of the purchase, and can be located adjacent to any common 120VAC outlet. Several options, including a chassis powered headlight assembly, can be added for additional cost.
For a pretty low cost - a few hundred dollars plus a laptop - security users can experiment with having a mobile robot patroller. While it is obviously not a guard or fixed camera replacement, users in large, flat spaces might find it useful to try out a few of these to complement their existing forces. It might allow them to see more areas without having to send out a person.
Some key aspects of performance may be lacking, but the flexibility and low cost of OCULUS make it an interesting consideration for stretched security budgets.


Studio d'enregistrement
If you believe that the employee who needs a formal Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) will never succeed in your organization, this story is for you.
The newly promoted plant manager of a 150-person organization was failing miserably in the key deliverables his boss expected. Communication and performance improvement coaching did not appear to have an impact nor demonstrate that the manager was capable of improving. The manager's boss, the VP of manufacturing, grew increasingly unhappy with the plant manager's performance.
A formal PIP was developed for the plant manager citing eleven goals and their measures of success. A 90-day time frame was provided as these goals were challenging and not short-term items to accomplish. He was given a strong, supportive environment in which his supervisor's expectations for his success were a key factor.
Guess what?
He succeeded beyond their wildest dreams. All he needed was serious direction about what he needed to do to succeed.
Armed with the specific direction laid out formally in the PIP, he gathered his whole team, four supervisors and several members of his support staff, and shared the PIP with its eleven key goals. He asked for their help in reaching the goals so that he (and they) could succeed in the eyes of his boss. They did.
So, watching this process play out made believers of everyone involved in the power of a well-planned, measurable PIP characterized by positive reinforcement and expressed support and encouragement.
Performance Management: Performance Improvement Plan


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The Global Ambient Lighting Market Research Report added by Emergen Research to its expanding repository is an all-inclusive document containing insightful data about the Ambient Lighting market and its key elements. The growing demand for ambient light sensors and linked bedroom ambient lighting systems provide a potential for the Ambient Lighting Market to expand. Interior lighting of exceptional quality is becoming more popular among consumers. This also helps the market for ambient lighting. LED lighting emits fewer UV rays, making it more environmentally friendly. Governments all around the world are enacting strict rules in order to reduce carbon emissions. Concerns about global warming and ozone depletion have prompted countries to step up their efforts to reduce their carbon footprint. Increased energy use results in increased energy dissipation and carbon emissions, necessitating the need for more sustainable and efficient energy use.
Governments in both developed and developing countries are taking steps to limit energy consumption. The report is formulated through extensive primary and secondary research and is curated with an intent to offer the readers and businesses a competitive edge over other players in the industry. The report sheds light on the minute details of the Ambient Lighting industry pertaining to growth factors, opportunities and lucrative business prospects, regions showing promising growth, and forecast estimation till 2028. The report provides a thorough estimation of the overall impact of the pandemic on the Ambient Lighting market and its vital segments. The report also discusses the impact of the pandemic across different regions of the market. It also offers a current and future assessment of the impact of the pandemic on the Ambient Lighting market.
Get a sample of the report @ _URL_
North America (U.S., Canada)
Europe (U.K., Italy, Germany, France, Rest of EU)
Asia Pacific (India, Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, Rest of APAC)
Latin America (Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America)
Middle East Africa (Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., South Africa, Rest of MEA)
The report also studies the key companies of the Ambient Lighting market along with analysis of their business strategies, MA activities, investment plans, product portfolio, financial standing, gross profit margin, and production and manufacturing capacities.
Some players analyzed in the report are:
- Signify N.V.,
- Acuity Brands, Inc.
- Hubbell Incorporated,
- General Electric Company,
- Osram Licht AG,
- Ideal Industries (Cree Lighting),
- Häfele GmbH Co KG,
- Lutron Electronics Company,
- Zumtobel Group, and
- Honeywell International Inc.
To know more about the report, visit @ _URL_
Among other end use segments, the residential segment accounted for a larger revenue share in the ambient lighting market in 2020. Increased demand from energy efficient lighting to reduce energy consumption has contributed to the growth of this market segment.
For the purpose of this report, Emergen Research has segmented the global ambient lighting market on the basis of type, offering, end-use, and region:
Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2018–2028)
- Suspended Lights
- Recessed Lights
- Strip Lights
- Surface-Mounted Lights
- Track Lights
Offering Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2018–2028)
- Software Services
End-use Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2018–2028)
- Office Buildings
Key Questions Answered by the Report:
Which region is expected to dominate the market in the coming years?
What are the recent technological and product advancements occurring in the market?
What are the key strategies adopted by the prominent players in the Ambient Lighting market?
What are the key product types and applications of the Ambient Lighting industry?
What is the outcome of SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces analysis?
How is the competitive landscape of the Ambient Lighting market?
Who are the key players in the industry?
What is the growth rate of the industry over the coming years?
What will be the valuation of the Ambient Lighting Market by 2027?
Request customization of the report @ _URL_
Thank you for reading the report. The report can be customized as per the requirements of the clients. For further information or query about customization, please reach out to us, and we will offer you the report best suited for your needs.
To know more about the Emergen research reports
Emergen Research is a market research and consulting company that provides syndicated research reports, customized research reports, and consulting services. Our solutions purely focus on your purpose to locate, target, and analyse consumer behavior shifts across demographics, across industries, and help clients make smarter business decisions. We offer market intelligence studies ensuring relevant and fact-based research across multiple industries, including Healthcare, Touch Points, Chemicals, Types, and Energy. We consistently update our research offerings to ensure our clients are aware of the latest trends existent in the market. Emergen Research has a strong base of experienced analysts from varied areas of expertise. Our industry experience and ability to develop a concrete solution to any research problems provides our clients with the ability to secure an edge over their respective competitors.
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14 Sep 2023
Enables automated systems to spot hazards at longer distances; and better synchronisation with scanning lidar.
Sony Semiconductor Solutions is to launch a new CMOS image sensor for automotive cameras with what it calls "the industry's highest pixel count, at 17.42 effective megapixels" (eMP).
The new sensor, the "IMX735", will support the development of automotive camera systems capable of sophisticated sensing and recognition performance, contributing to "safe, secure automated driving," said the tech giant in its announcement, this week.
For automated systems to deliver automated driving, they must offer sophisticated, high-precision sensing and recognition performance, encompassing 360 degrees of the environment around the vehicle. There is significant demand for image sensors that can help achieve this level of performance and support the development of more advanced automotive camera systems.
The new sensor product achieves the industry's highest pixel count of 17.42 eMP (among CMOS image sensors for automotive cameras), enabling high-definition capture of distant objects.
Moreover, automated driving systems often use automotive cameras in combination with lidar and other sensing systems. While typical CMOS image sensors readout signals output from pixels one vertical line at a time, the new Sony sensor outputs signals horizontally, one row at a time.
This means that automotive cameras employing this sensor can more easily synchronize with mechanical scanning lidar systems, since their laser beams also scan horizontally. This better synchronization will improve the sensing and recognition capabilities of the automated driving system as a whole.
Furthermore, the new sensors' improved saturation illuminance, made possible by a proprietary pixel structure, and "unique exposure method yield" (Sony) a wide dynamic range of 106 dB even when simultaneously employing high dynamic range imaging and LED flicker mitigation.
The dynamic range is even higher, at 130 dB, when using dynamic range priority mode. This creative design helps suppress highlight blowouts even in backlit conditions, enabling more precise object capture in road environments with significant differences in brightness, such as tunnel entrances and exits.
Sensor features include the following:


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CBCSE's mission is to improve the efficiency with which public and private resources are employed in education. We conduct research to determine the costs of educational programs as well as the economic value of program impacts in order to encourage educators, evaluators and policymakers to consider these factors in conjunction with program effectiveness in addressing educational goals. By considering both costs and effectiveness or benefits of educational programs, policymakers can optimize resource allocation and enhance productivity in education.
In 1970 Henry Levin published the first article applying the economic principles of cost-effectiveness analysis to education decision-making in a study addressing teacher recruitment and retention. In 1975 Levin detailed the "ingredients method" for determining costs of educational interventions, which begins with the identification of all resources required to implement a program. Since then this method has been further developed and applied in numerous cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses of educational interventions. In 2007, CBCSE was officially constituted as a research center based at Teachers College, Columbia University, to conduct research on the productivity of educational programs.
What we do
CBCSE evaluates the productivity of educational programs and interventions by determining costs associated with their implementation and comparing resource requirements with educational or economic outcomes. In cost-benefit analyses we assign economic values to the outcomes produced by a program. Cost-benefit analysis can be used to compare programs addressing different outcomes, for example a program that addresses adolescent literacy with one that addresses college attendance, in order for policymakers to determine how best to distribute available resources for education.
Where several alternative programs are available that address the same educational outcome, for example, increasing the rate of high school completion, we combine program costs with effectiveness data in cost-effectiveness analyses. The resulting cost-effectiveness ratios can be used to rank alternative programs in terms of efficiency such that decision-makers can determine which program will produce the greatest impact for a given investment.


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Packaging Pharmaceuticals With Aluminum Seals: A Look At The Differences Between Cold Forming And Thermoforming Blister Packs
Universal health greatly improved once medications for numerous deadly diseases were developed. Almost all diseases and medical conditions can now be treated with medicine, and the total nominal spending on medicines in the U.S. has now surpassed $329 billion each year. Oral medications are generally packaged in blister packs with an aluminum seal. If you own your own pharmacy, you can choose to package the tablet with one of the two following methods: cold forming or thermoforming.
A Better Look at Cold Forming Aluminum Seal Blister Packs
Cold forming aluminum seal blister packs are made entirely with aluminum seals and foils. These blister packs laminate an aluminum seal onto an aluminum base using a mold. The mold will create the indentation, or cavity, where the medication will sit in. Cold forming aluminum seal blister packs tend to be more expensive to manufacture thanks to higher material costs and slower production speeds; however, this method is still preferred by many pharmacies and manufacturers because the aluminum in the cold forming aluminum seal blister packs:
- Acts as a barrier for moisture, light and oxygen. This prevents any external elements from affecting the pharmaceutical and reduces the risk for contamination of any kind.
- Increases the expiration of the products. Since it is unlikely for the medicine to be disturbed after it has been packaged, the perfect preservation of the condition and property of the medicine will prevent it from losing its chemical integrity.
- Increased tamper resistance. It is easy to quickly tell whenever the packages have been tampered with or damaged. Resealing the packaging is not a possibility once it has been opened.
Further Insight Into Thermoforming Aluminum Seal Blister Packs
Cold forming aluminum seal blister packs rely on only aluminum seals to form the entire packaging. Thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs, on the other hand, incorporate plastic with the aluminum as well. In this technique, the cavity where the medicine sits is constructed from clear, thermoformed plastic. The plastic is then placed on top of heating plates, which make it more pliable, and then an aluminum seal is the applied overtop.
Thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs are not as secure as cold forming aluminum seal blister packs because moisture and oxygen can still enter the packaging. The plastic also exposes the packaged medication to ultraviolet rays from light. Although thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs are not as foolproof and secure, they do offer some distinct benefits, which include:
- Low cost. The use of thermoformed plastic instead of aluminum greatly reduces material costs. In addition, the production speeds for thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs are also faster. These blister packs are compatible with universal feeders, which are responsible for sweeping the medications into the cavities.
- The ability to examine the packaged medication without having to open the package. The clear plastic makes it easy to check to make sure the right type of medication is given to patients.
- Tamper resistance. Once again, it's easy to check for any tampering with thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs. The clear plastic allows patients to determine whether the medication was damaged and whether the packaging was opened.
Thermoforming and cold forming aluminum seal blister packs are among some of the most common packaging methods recommended for the pharmaceutical industry. These packaging options are portable and difficult to break. In addition, they provide an easy way for patients to keep track of the amount of pills they have taken. Aluminum is one of the better metals to work with when packaging medication. It's cost-efficient and also resistant to bacteria, fungi and other pathogenic microbes making it perfect for the medical industry.
You can also check out sites like _URL_ for more info.


1.1 History
The radare project started in February of 2006 aiming to provide a Free and simple command line interface for an hexadecimal editor supporting 64 bit offsets to make searches and recovering data from hard-disks.
Since then, the project has grown with the aim changed to provide a complete framework for analyzing binaries with some basic *NIX concepts in mind like 'everything is a file', 'small programs that interact together using stdin/out' or 'keep it simple'.
It's mostly a single-person project, but some contributions (in source, patches, ideas or species) have been made and are really appreciated.
The project is composed by an hexadecimal editor as the central point of the project with assembler/disassembler, code analysis, scripting features, analysis and graphs of code and data, easy unix integration, ..


Migrating Database

OpManager supports MySQL and MSSQL as the backend database. At a later time, you can choose to migrate from one database to another. Here are the steps:

Migrating from MySQL to MSSQL

Prerequisites
Steps to migrate are,
 1. Stop OpManager again and take a backup of the data using BackupDB.bat
 present under /bin/backup directory .
 2. Select Start --> Programs --> ManageEngine OpManager --> DB Manager --> DB Configuration.
 3. A DB Configuration window pops up. Select MSSQL option.
 4. Configure the following information:
 1. DB Host : The name or the IP address of the machine where MSSQL is installed.
 2. Port: The port number in which OpManager must connect with the database. Default is 1433.
 3. User Name and Password: The user name and password with which OpManager needs to connect to the database.
 4. Driver Jars: Specify the path of the Database driver
 5. Click OK.
 5. Restore the data using RestoreDB.bat present in /bin/backup directory
 and restart OpManager.
Refer to our online knowledgebase article to configure Microsoft MSSQL JDBC driver.
Copyright © 2012, ZOHO Corp. All Rights Reserved.
Network Monitoring Software from ManageEngine


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Partnership Resource Projects
Wee-g: Field testing a miniaturized MEMS gravimeter – Bridgeporth and University of Glasgow
The University of Glasgow has built and tested a laboratory based Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gravimeter – Wee-g.
The MEMS device is small and offers the potential for the best cost to performance ratio of all commercially available gravimeters. The sensitivity shown in the laboratory is comparable to best in class devices but has to be shown to work in the field before it will attract investment.
There has already been industrial interest shown in the Wee-g and the advice is that its control/readout electronics have to be re-packaged in order for field tests can be undertaken.
This project has three objectives:
– to develop an early stage mobile prototype of the MEMS gravimeter which currently exists as a laboratory prototype, TRL level 3,
– to field test the gravimeter and compare its performance against an industry standard gravimeter on either an exploration project or against a known gravitational anomaly
– to identify areas for design improvement to develop a full demonstrator
Bridgeporth have offered to test the MEMS device in the field and to undertake comparative testing against a standard commercial gravimeter. The results of the project will be used to inform the design for a full demonstrator which will also incorporate quantum sensing interferometer techniques to further improve noise performance and device sensitivity. This project is in line with work package three of the QuantIC programme.
Bridgeporth is a specialist geosciences company founded in 2011 by a small team of highly qualified geoscientists with a combined experience of over 100 years. Bridgeporth was set up to provide specialist geoscientific services for a range of national and international operators in oil and gas exploration, mining, hazard mitigation, research and media industries. For more information, visit _URL_


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I am developing a little Game with something like particles, where every particle is represented by a box2d Body.
To insert new particles I need to find a place in the b2World where no bodies reside. How can I obtain this?
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1 Answer 1
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Depending on the density of the particles this can be a pretty hard problem to solve.
If the density of particles is low you have a good chance that a (semi-random) position is free. And something like this would be viable. (pseudo code of course)
bool placed = false;
Vector2 position = (50,50); // rough indication of where we want to insert the particle
 // Slightly randomize the position so that we try a different position
 // near the intended position every iteration.
 float direction = A random number between 0 and 2*PI;
 float length = A random number between 0 and a chosen maximum displacement
 Vector2 displacement = (sin(direction), cos(direction)) * length;
 Vector2 tryPosition = position + displacement;
 // Iterate over all the bodies already in the simulation.
 // Note that you can get the bounds of a body using its shape list.
 if there are no bodies at tryPosition
 placed = true;
 Add the particle
But be wary, there are a few problems with this algorithm. There is a chance that it will take a long time (or maybe even forever) before a free position is found, and the chances of it taking a very long time increase with the density of particles.
A second solution is more work but is guaranteed to finish.
You divide the world in cells (this is called spatial partitioning). You select a cell where you want to place the new particle. In the image below the cell where we, at first, want to place the new particle is colored blue:
Initial state
As you can see the cell marked blue is occupied by an existing particle (the red circle). So we can't place a new particle here. We mark the cell as occupied and continue to spiral out:
The next step
We continue to spiral out (no randomness here, we just rotate clockwise around the already checked cells) until we find the solution: The solution
As you can see we will always find a place to put the new particle that is as close as possible to the intended space.
Note that since we know which places we have checked the algorithm can in the end even give up telling us there are no free places. So it has a guaranteed runtime of O(maxNumberOfParticles * numberOfCells) before it has placed a new particle or has given up.
Now you have to make a decision on the size of the cell. Too large and you might miss free spaces, too small and finding a solution will take a long time. Another decision you have to make is if you want to cache a list of occupied cells to use in further frames (you will have to update part of it whenever a particle moves) or that just doing this when you spawn a new particle is good enough (in that case you won't even need a list, it's implied that a cell is occupied by the algorithm continuing).
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Just adding something to this solution, you should use AABB queries to get the particles in a specific region: _URL_.html#_Toc258082976. And also you should start with a large query, and then if something is found, subdivide and search again. – Rui Campos Sep 9 '12 at 9:52
+1, I didn't know that was built in. You're absolutely right and this should speed up the algorithm considerably. – Roy T. Sep 9 '12 at 9:54
Thanks a lot for the answer! I got it working now! – philipp Sep 11 '12 at 17:56
Your Answer


Creative Writing/Free-Verse Poetry
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Free Verse Poetry[edit]
Broadly speaking, there are two kinds of poetry: Form and Free Poems.
Below is an example of a free verse poem.
You must be my enemy.
Often, you let me down.
You bring me pains.
You are heartless.
Sometimes, you make me cry.
You are cruel.
You are my friend.
Sometimes, you bring me joy and laughter.
You bring me strength.
You are following me,
Or I am following you?
You follow me like my shadow.
Who are you?
By Janpha Thadphoothon (12 January 2009)
Form Poems
One of the form poems is a shape poem. A poem that has a shape of a diamond is called a diamante poem, which has seven lines.
Here are some examples:
Anger (1)
Mad, Violent (2)
Burning, Tormenting, Destroying (3)
Fear, Shame, Hostility, Rage (4)
Fighting, Hurting, Killing (3)
Low, Ugly (2)
Darkness (1)
Beautiful, Carefree
Giving, Supporting, Helping
Kindness, Compassion, Unity, Cooperation
Sharing, Caring, Forgiving
Peaceful, Merciful


your post presents it.
Intersecting geo isn't just for occasionally "cutting corners", it's how things should be handled except for specific cases such as huge planes having light leaks, and indirect lighting on tiled objects with no break-up geometry.
teaching isnt your forte
The post wasn't a problem, your comprehension was. Here let me break it down for you:
>You now have to consider the topology
>and also have to create a second set of UVs for lightmapping.
>If this scene were to be 100% perfect for baked lighting...
This explains how to achieve perfect lightmaps
>Practically, you can cut corners for smaller geometry.
After that was stated, this statement explains that perfect lightmapping is impractical and a situation where corners can be cut.
The next posts were just corrections of your mistakes about lighting, terrain, and props.
Maybe next time you can read slow, take a breather. If you find words too hard, look them up. Maybe your local college can offer you remedial classes?
you literally opened your post by saying intersecting geo was no longer a thing, and stressing static mesh creation had to be as detailed as organic, animated meshes. it doesn't matter that you made a little addendum, because what you said was as misleading as saying hitler killed a few people because you define "few" as anything more than 1.
why can't you just admit that your initial post was poorly worded, regardless of your point? it'd definitely make you appear more humble and intelligent than going "hurr durr no I was technically right all along"
he'll never concede that his wording is retarded because he's the "edgy" anon
You need proper UVs for lightmap.!st uvs are for texture, 2nd uv map is for lightmapping. Open that model in any 3d app, add second UV (just flattern) and make at least 3 pixels wide gaps between uv islands. So if your lightmap is 256x256 those need to be separated at least by 3/256. Else shadows may overlap.
Also if you know that one surface may be in shadow (like side of bed next to wall) put it on separate uv island, that way you can get sharp difference of light on that edge.
Last ting is: check smoothing groups on that model.
Unreal has really sucky lightmapping, or should i say it is great but very easy to mess things. And most models (even those on epic marketplace) are done by artists that never released things on unreal, so they are clueless about those quirks of unreal engine.
UE4 creates lightmaps automatically based on your 1st uv set.
Does it remap the UVs if they overlap? I haven't found a way to get it to do that, though I just run a pack on the second channel before exporting my mesh.
It basicly picks all of your uv islands from your first uv channel, and rearranges them so they don't overlap. That's all it does.
Make sure your second channel is empty when you export. (If you use 3ds max you can use the clear uvw modifier, dont know with other software). When you import in ue4 you can check the auto generate lightmap box.
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text:
In genealogy, pedigree collapse describes how reproduction between two individuals who share an ancestor causes the number of distinct ancestors in the family tree of their offspring to be smaller than it could otherwise be. Robert C. Gunderson coined the term, which is also known by the German term Ahnenschwund (loosely translated: "loss of lineage") or the term implex.
How it works
Without pedigree collapse, a person's ancestor tree is a binary tree, formed by the person, the parents (2), the grandparents (4), great-grandparents (8), and so on. However, the number of individuals in such a tree grows exponentially and will eventually become impossibly high. For example, a single individual alive today would, over 30 generations going back to the High Middle Ages, have or roughly a billion ancestors, more than the total world population at the time.
This apparent paradox is explained by shared ancestors, referred to as pedigree collapse. Instead of consisting of all different individuals, a tree may have multiple places occupied by a single individual. This typically happens when the parents of an ancestor are related to each other (sometimes unbeknownst to themselves). For example, the offspring of two first cousins has at most only six great-grandparents instead of the normal eight. This reduction in the number of ancestors is pedigree collapse. It collapses the ancestor tree into a directed acyclic graph.
In some cultures, cousins and other relations were permitted, encouraged or required to marry. This may have been to keep kin bonds, wealth and property within a family (endogamy) or simply because there was a limited number of potential marriage partners available. Among royalty, the frequent requirement to only marry other royals resulted in a reduced gene pool in which most individuals were the result of extensive pedigree collapse. Alfonso XII of Spain, for example, had only four great-grandparents instead of the usual eight. Furthermore, two of these great-grandparents, Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma, who were first cousins, were parents of another twice great-grandmother, Maria Isabella of Spain. Charles IV was also the brother of another twice great-grandparent, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies; they were both sons of Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony.
More generally, in many cultures intermarriage may frequently occur within a small village, limiting the available gene pool.
|Pedigree of Ferdinand I of Austria|
|Pedigree of Cleopatra VII of Egypt|
The House of Habsburg gives a well-documented example of pedigree collapse. In the case of Charles II, the last Habsburg King of Spain, there were three uncle-niece marriages among the seven unions of his immediate ancestry (i.e. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents). His father and two of his great-grandfathers married their nieces. His paternal grandparents were first cousins once removed, but they comprised two of the seven marriages because they were also parents to his maternal grandmother. His maternal grandparents' marriage and the final marriage of great-grandparents was between first cousins.
|Ancestors of Charles II of Spain|
The maximum pedigree collapse of 50% within a single generation is caused by procreation between full siblings; such children have only two different grandparents instead of the usual four. If two half-siblings procreate, their children have three grandparents instead of four (25%).
If a child and parent were to procreate, their offspring would have four grandparents, although one of these would also be a parent and therefore introduce no additional genes – thus procreation between parents and children would result in less pedigree collapse than procreation between full siblings.
If a person procreates with a full sibling of one of their parents (as with the uncle-niece marriages mentioned above), the offspring have four different persons as grandparents, and eight great-grandparents, but again some of these contribute no additional genes. (See inbreeding.)
Small, isolated populations such as those of remote islands represent extreme examples of pedigree collapse, but the common historical tendency to marry those within walking distance, due to the relative immobility of the population before modern transport, meant that most marriage partners were at least distantly related. Even in America around the 19th century, the tendency of immigrants to marry among their ethnic, language or cultural group produced many cousin marriages.
If one considers as a function of time t the number of a given individual's ancestors who were alive at time t, it is likely that for most individuals this function has a maximum at around 1200 AD. Some geneticists believe that everyone on Earth is at most 50th cousin to everyone else.
- Gundacker, Felix (2013). "Genealogical Dictionary" (PDF).
- See the chapter All Africa and her progenies in Dawkins, Richard (1995). River Out of Eden. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-06990-8.
- John E. Pattison (2001). "A New Method of Estimating Inbreeding in Large Semi-isolated Populations with Application to Historic Britain". HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 52 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1078/0018-442X-00024.
- John E. Pattison (2007). "Estimating Inbreeding in Large Semi-isolated Populations: Effects of Varying Generation Length and of Migration". American Journal of Human Biology. 19 (4): 495–510. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20610.
- The Straight Dope: 2, 4, 8, 16,... how can you always have MORE ancestors as you go back in time?
- Alvarez, Gonzalo; Ceballos, Francisco C. & Quinteiro, Celsa (15 April 2009). "The Role of Inbreeding in the Extinction of a European Royal Dynasty". PLOS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone._PHONE_.
- Shoumatoff, Alex (1985). The Mountain of Names. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780671494407.
- The Straight Dope: 2, 4, 8, 16,... how can you always have MORE ancestors as you go back in time? – August 21, 1987
- How many ancestors do you have?, Stephen Lewis, The Wild Peak, March 4, 2012
- The Mountain of Names (Genealogy)


Main Content
Investigate Signal Values
While transmitting valuable data about a model and between the blocks, signals may take different values. In this section, you learn how to initialize, display signals as well as more information on the data types and dimensions a signal can take.
Initialize Signal Values
If a signal does not have an explicit initial value, the initial value that Simulink® uses depends on the data type of the signal.
Signal Data TypeDefault Initial Value
Numeric (other than fixed-point)Zero
Fixed-pointReal-world ground value
EnumeratedDefault value
You can specify the non-default initial values of signals for Simulink to use at the beginning of simulation.
 - For any signal, you can define a signal object (Simulink.Signal), and use that signal object to specify an initial value for the signal.
 - For some blocks, such as Outport, Data Store Memory, and Memory, you can use either a signal object or a block parameter, or both, to specify the initial value of a block state or output.
For details, see Initialize Signals and Discrete States.
View Signal Values
You can use either blocks or the signal viewers (such as the Signal & Scope Manager) to display the values of signals during a simulation. For example, you can use either the Scope block or the Signal & Scope Manager to graph time-varying signals on an oscilloscope-like display during simulation. For general information about options for viewing signal values, see Scope Blocks and Scope Viewer Overview. For detailed information about:
Display Signal Values in Model Diagrams
To include graphical displays of signal values in a model diagram, use one of the following approaches:
Display Data Tips During Simulation
For many blocks, Simulink can display block output (port values) as data tips on the block diagram while a simulation is running.
 1. In the Simulink Editor, on the Debug tab, select Output Values, go to the Signal tab, and toggle on the Output Value Label > Toggle Value Displays button.
 2. To change display options, use the Options submenu.
For details, see Display Port Values for Debugging.
Display Signal Value After Simulation
To display, below a specific signal, the signal value after simulation:
 1. Right-click the signal.
 2. In the context menu, select Show Value Label of Selected Port.
Signal Data Types
Data type refers to the format used to represent signal values internally. By default, the data type of Simulink signals is double. You can create signals of other data types. Simulink signals support the same range of data types as MATLAB®. See About Data Types in Simulink for more information.
Complex Signals
The values of signals can be complex numbers or real numbers. A signal whose values are complex numbers is a complex signal. Create a complex-valued signal using one of the following approaches:
 - Load complex-valued signal data from the MATLAB workspace into the model via a root-level Inport block.
 - Create a Constant block in your model and set its value to a complex number.
 - Create real signals corresponding to the real and imaginary parts of a complex signal, then combine the parts into a complex signal, using the Real-Imag to Complex conversion block.
Manipulate complex signals via blocks that accept them. If you are not sure whether a block accepts complex signals, see the documentation for the block.
Exporting Signal Data
You can save signal values to the MATLAB workspace during simulation, for later retrieval and postprocessing. For a summary of different approaches, see Approaches for Exporting Signal Data.
Related Topics


text:
| < April >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Sunlight per day
|Average Daylight per day
|Sunny (Cloudy) Daylight Hours
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Brighton, England in April is a little cool at 9 °C (48.2 °F).
- Afternoons can be quite mild with average high temperatures reaching 12 °C (53.6 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally cool with an average low of 6 °C (42.8 °F).
- In April the average diurnal temperature variation/ range is 6 °C (10.8 °F).
- The weather in April is slightly dry. Only 54mm (2.1in) of fluid is dumped.
- The skies in Brighton, England are slightly fair having on balance an unexceptional 5:27 of radiant sunshine daily.
- The shortest day is 12:51 long and the longest day is 14:41 long with an average length of 13:47.
- There are approximately 8:06 per day when bright sunshine is absent due to cloud, haze or the sun being too low on the horizon to register.
- It is sunny approximately 40.2% of daylight hours and cloudy 59.8% of daylight hours.
Check the distance to and compare the Brighton, England April averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for April in Brighton, England, Uk
Navigate to April Weather in Locations Surrounding Brighton, England:
- Birmingham, England, Uk - 216.1 kms (134.3 miles) NNW
- Lyneham, Uk - 150.4 kms (93.5 miles) WNW
- London, England, Uk - 73.4 kms (45.6 miles) N
- Cardiff, Wales, Uk - 237.1 kms (147.3 miles) WNW
- London-Gatwick, Uk - 42.9 kms (26.6 miles) N
- Bournemouth-Hurn, Uk - 119.7 kms (74.4 miles) W
- Jersey, Uk - 231.2 kms (143.7 miles) SW
- Caen, France - 183.4 kms (114 miles) S


The Better Cut Cellular Polycarbonate
Recently, in many construction operations, polycarbonate has replaced heavy, brittle, and relatively expensive silicate glass. This practical and affordable material is used for decorative glazing, the construction of urban infrastructure elements, the construction of greenhouses and greenhouses, the erection of the roof of arbors, sheds or terraces. The durability and reliability of the structure made of it depends on the observance of processing technology and the correct installation. A frequent reason for rejecting material during operation is incorrect cutting of sheets, so some inexperienced craftsmen wonder how and how to cut polycarbonate so as not to damage the panels. In this article we will tell you what tools you can use for processing, and how to use them correctly.
Angle Grinder
The most effective tool with which you can cut a sheet of polycarbonate plastic is a conventional angle grinder. Since this material, especially cellular, is quite easily processed, even the cheapest Chinese models can handle cutting. Experienced craftsmen note that it is better to perform angle cutters straight cuts of large lengths. You can cut polycarbonate with this tool in a curve, but it requires a lot of experience. In order not to spoil the material when cutting, the following rules must be observed:
 - For cutting sheets of this material, an angle grinder with a cutting wheel for metal with sharp, frequent teeth is used.
 - When cutting sheets of polycarbonate plastic, it is better to use an angle grinder at low speeds so that the cut is smooth and the edges of the material without burrs.
 - If it is necessary to cut cellular polycarbonate, the cutting wheel angle grinder can be placed strictly between the ribs.
READ Stihl Ts 420 Fuel Consumption
Note! Angle grinder refers to high-speed tools, it is quite difficult to work with it without experience. In order to properly perform the cut and not damage the material, you can practice the residues of polycarbonate.
The Better Cut Cellular Polycarbonate
Another tool that can be used to cut polycarbonate is a household electric jigsaw. It is considered a universal device for sawing materials of different density and thickness. The jigsaw cutting file is fixed only on one side, therefore it can be used for cutting holes and curved cuts in polycarbonate. To use this tool, you must follow a few rules:
Видео: The Better Cut Cellular Polycarbonate
 1. To process sheets of polycarbonate plastic, a jigsaw is used, the cutting blades of which have small teeth.
 2. In order to keep the edges of the polycarbonate straight after sawing, a new, sharp cutting blade must be used.
 3. To obtain an even, accurate cut, you can use a cutting blade for metal, which does not tear polycarbonate, but cuts it.
 4. When processing monolithic plastic of large thickness with a jigsaw, a large amount of chips is formed, which must be removed promptly so that they do not interfere with sawing.
READ How to Cut Chipboard Without Chips
Important! Professional masters with the help of a jigsaw only perform curly, curved cuts, since it is much longer to cut them in a straight line than an angle grinder.
Stationery knife
At home, polycarbonate can be cut with a regular clerical knife. With this tool, cellular plastic with a cellular structure is more often processed. Monolithic polycarbonate is not cut with a knife, as it is too hard. To make the cut smooth, it is better to adhere to the following technology:
 - To cut a sheet of polycarbonate plastic, you need a high-quality, sharp clerical knife.
 - Polycarbonate is cut in 2 stages using a stationery: first, a small incision is made so that the tool does not slip, and then the material is carefully cut.
 - A stationery knife is used to cut cellular polycarbonate with a thickness of not more than 4-6 mm.
Keep in mind that with the help of a clerical knife, small trimming and fitting of plastic sheets is performed, since it is long and inconvenient to make large-length cuts with them. An ordinary clerical knife can quickly become dull or break.
Cutting technology
When cutting panels made of polycarbonate plastic, it is easy to damage the material or spoil the edges of the sheet, violating the technology. Experienced craftsmen advise against saving on tool blades and cutting blades, since a blunt knife makes the cut uneven and sloppy. Cutting is carried out in the following sequence:
 1. First of all, the area where the sawing will be performed is cleared. To make the surface smooth, sheets of plywood or chipboard are laid out on it.
 2. Before cutting polycarbonate, markings are applied to the surface using a marker and a long ruler.
 3. Under a sheet of plastic, on both sides of the intended line, wooden blocks are laid with a thickness of at least 40 mm. From above along the markings also lay a wide board used for movement.
 4. Straight cuts are performed using an angle grinder at low speeds, and the curves are jigsawed.
 5. After completion of the operation, the chips are blown off the surface of the material with compressed air.
READ How To Cut The Pvc Skirting Board
Note! Cellular plastic up to 6 mm thick can be cut in a pile by folding several sheets on top of each other and placing plywood under them. In industrial conditions, this material is processed using a laser, which is much faster and easier than a hand tool.