text:
In the ever changing global business environment, only organizations that move with the tide can survive. Corporate restructuring is a recurring trend. Organizations must retain knowledge which is a critical component of their intangible assets. Knowledge-based organizations are able to generate value from their intellectual assets.
This training workshop is designed to equip participants with requisite skills and capabilities to create a knowledge-based organization with a view to facilitating the realization of the corporate goals.
At the end of the workshop, participants will be able to:
- Define the concept of knowledge management
- Analyse and disseminate information to effect changes
- Promote technology transfer
- Develop strategies and policies to manage the organization's intellectual assets effectively.
- Knowledge management: an overview
- Building a knowledge based organization
- Knowledge harvesting
- Learning and development
- Knowledge management strategies
- Information management and security
- Creating and managing a database
- Building employee engagement
- Managing the knowledge worker
- Managing change and innovation
- Effective communication in knowledge management
- Intellectual capital and interpersonal Relation
Methodology: Lectures, discussions, syndicate work, case studies and exercises. Audio-visual aids will be used to reinforce these learning methods.
Management consultants, project / human resource managers, trainers and professionals in the public and private sector organizations.
Mode of Assessment for Certification: 100 per cent attendance/active participation.
Contact Person: Mrs. Rita Nwalupue


text:
Mutation protocols are a key tool in computational biophysics for modelling unknown side chain conformations. In particular, these protocols are used to generate the starting structures for molecular dynamics simulations. The accuracy of the initial side chain and backbone placement is crucial to obtain a stable and quickly converging simulation. In this work, we assessed the performance of several mutation protocols in predicting the most probable conformer observed in finite temperature molecular dynamics simulations for a set of protein-peptide crystals differing only by single-point mutations in the peptide sequence. Our results show that several programs which predict well the crystal conformations fail to predict the most probable finite temperature configuration. Methods relying on backbone-dependent rotamer libraries have, in general, a better performance, but even the best protocol fails in predicting approximately 30% of the mutations.
Assessing the capability of in silico mutation protocols for predicting the finite temperature conformation of amino acids / Ochoa, Rodrigo; Soler, Miguel A.; Laio, Alessandro; Cossio, Pilar. - In: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS. - ISSN _PHONE_. - 20:40(2018), pp. 25901-25909. [10.1039/c8cp03826k]

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Modelling of drying and rehydration of carrots using Peleg's model
- 598 Downloads
The drying and rehydration process of conventionally and organically cultivated carrots was studied and the resulting data were fitted to the Peleg's model. Carrots were fluid-bed and halogen dried and after that soaked in water at room temperature. The Peleg's model gave a good prediction of water removal and water uptake in all experiments (R>0,994). During the drying process the Peleg's rate constant (K 1) was affected by temperature. K 1 values decreased with the increase of the drying temperature. This relation was linear for fluid-bed drying and exponential for halogen drying, which implied a higher impact of the drying temperature on the dehydration kinetics during halogen drying. The lower K 1 values for fluid-bed drying suggested higher initial drying rates in comparison with halogen drying at all drying temperatures. The temperature dependence of 1/K 1 followed an Arrhenius-type relationship. Both Peleg's rehydration constants (K 1 and K 2) increased with the increase of the drying temperature. This implied regular decrease of initial rehydration rate and water uptake with the increase of the drying temperature.
KeywordsPeleg's model Drying Rehydration Carrot
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, project _PHONE_


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CHOCOLATE could one day help prevent tooth cavities, say researchers in Japan. They have found that parts of the cocoa bean, the main ingredient of chocolate, thwart mouth bacteria and stop dental decay.
Tooth cavities start when
Chocolate is not as bad for teeth as many other sweet foods. Scientists believe that antibacterial agents in cocoa beans offset its high sugar levels. Now Takashi Ooshima and his colleagues at Osaka University in Japan have found that cocoa bean husk (CBH)the outer part of the bean, which usually goes to waste in chocolate productionis a more potent source of these agents.
When the group added CBH extract to
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text:
Cabinet approves MoU to set up BRICS Agriculture Research Platform
The Union Cabinet has approved for a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed among India and various BRICs countries for establishment of the BRICS Agriculture Research Platform (BRICS-ARP).
The BRICS-ARP will promote sustainable agricultural development and poverty alleviation through strategic cooperation in agriculture to provide food security in the BRICS member countries.
BRICS Agriculture Research Platform (BRICS-ARP)
BRICS-ARP will serve as a global platform for science-led agriculture-based sustainable development for addressing the issues of world hunger, under-nutrition, poverty and inequality (between farmers' and non-farmers' income) and enhancing agricultural trade, climate resilient agriculture and bio-security. It will further intensify cooperation among BRICS countries in agricultural research policy, science and technology, innovation and capacity building, including technologies for small-holder farming in the BRICS countries
The establishment of BRICS-ARP was proposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the 7th BRICS Summit held in July 2015 at Ufa, Russia. MoU on establishment of this platform was signed by the foreign Ministers of BRICS countries in the 8th BRICS Summit held in October, 2016 at Goa, India.
Category: Agriculture Current Affairs
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text:
- Valencia, Spain
The 23rd and 24th of October takes place in Valencia the Water Engineering Day. It is promoted by the Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment of the Universitat Politècnica of València.
In this occasion, to the four classical subjects are: river Dynamics, reservoirs, rivers ; Hydrology, uses and management of the water; Water and city; and hydraulic Structures; there is a monographic subject: The protection against the hydraulic hazards.
More information: Chemistry and Society


text:
Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
Publication Type: Abstract only
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/30/2009
Publication Date: 4/5/2009
Citation: Yuk,H-G.,Geveke, D.,Zhang, H. 2009. Supercritical carbon dioxide process for pasteurization of fruit juices [abstract].Conference of Food Engineering (CoFE 09).Columbus, OH. p.1. Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) nonthermal processing inactivates microorganisms in juices using non-toxic and non-reactive CO2. However, data is lacking on the inactivation of E. coli K12 and L. plantarum in apple cider using pilot plant scale SCCO2 equipment. For this study, pasteurized preservative-free apple cider was used. Cider inoculated with E. coli K12 or L. plantarum was processed using a continuous SCCO2 system at a CO2 concentration range of 0 – 12% (wt), temperatures of 34, 38, and 42 C, a system pressure of approximately 7.6 MPa, and a flow rate of 1 L/min. A control treatment without CO2 at 42 C and 7.6 MPa reduced the population of E. coli less than 0.2 log and had no effect on L. plantarum. Regardless of strain, higher CO2 concentration and temperature enhanced microbial reduction. Maximum log reductions were 7-log for E. coli K12 at 8% CO2 and 42 C, and 6-log for L. plantarum at 12% and 42 C. A 5-log reduction was obtained at each temperature for E. coli K12, while, for L. plantarum, a 5-log reduction was obtained only at the highest temperature, 42 C, indicating that E. coli K12 was more sensitive to SCCO2 processing. The degree of injury increased at higher CO2 concentration and treatment temperature, except for 42 C which resulted in less injury than other temperatures. These results demonstrate that the nonthermal SCCO2 process is feasible for pasteurization of apple cider.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Consider a simple lazy random walk on an $n$-vertex undirected, connected graph: this is the Markov chain which transitions from $i$ to $j$ with probability $p_{ij}=1/(2d(i))$ where $d(i)$ is the degree of node $i$. Note that $p_{ii}=1/2$ for all $i$. Define $C(i)$ be the expected time until a walk starting from node $i$ visits every vertex and let $C = \max_i C(i)$. Let $I(k,l)$ be the expected time until two random walks, starting at vertices $k$ and $l$, intersect (i.e., until they visit the same vertex at the same time). Let $I = \max_{k,l} I(k,l)$.
My question is: can we bound $I$ in terms of $C$? Specifically, is it true that $$ \frac{I}{C} \leq k \log^l n$$ for some constants $k,l$ independent of $n$ and of the graph?
I asked this question on math.stackexchange a week ago without receiving an answer.
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Interesting question. Can you elaborate on why you think the inequality should hold? And tell us how you attempted to solve the problem and why it failed? – Pascal Maillard May 23 '12 at 8:18
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
In Proposition 5 of Chapter 14 of the unpublished book on Markov chains by Aldous and Fill, they show that for continuous time reversible Markov chains, \[ I \le \max\{ \mathbb{E}_i T_j, i,j \in V\}, \] where $\mathbb{E}_i T_j$ is the expected time, starting from state i, until state j is visited. The preceding maximum is clearly bounded from above by $C$, so it follows that $I \le C$. This includes the case of continuous time simple random walk on a connected graph $G$, and a similar argument can be used to to establish the bound for lazy simple random walk on $G$ (in fact, the martingale argument used in the proof is originally described in Chapter 3 of the same book for the case of discrete time walks).
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Thank you!$~~~~~$ – user21162 May 23 '12 at 20:02
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Terjemahan dari effigy
statue, sculpture, image, effigy, figure, carving
image, picture, drawing, figure, photo, effigy
dummy, hobgoblin, puppet, doll, effigy
Definisi effigy
a sculpture or model of a person.
coins bearing the effigy of Maria Theresa of Austria
sinonim: statue, statuette, sculpture, model, dummy, figurine, likeness, image, bust
 - image, simulacrum
The tomb effigy, the memorial portrait, and the death mask approach a condition of perfect substitutability for the irrevocably absent object, the once-living body.
There are late medieval sculpted monuments in the cathedral, as well as the altar tomb effigy of Bishop Wellesley who died in 1539.
It is ironic that his tomb effigy should show him brandishing an unsheathed sword.
angry campaigners plan to burn an effigy of the social security minister
A university student was sentenced on Wednesday to five months in jail for burning an effigy of the President during a protest march last year.
The protesters also burned an effigy of the House of Representatives Speaker.
Perched atop a rocky pedestal sits a demonic looking clay statue, an effigy of the devil; complete with real rams horns and a human-hair goatee beard.
After the public procession, the effigy is buried, destroyed, or abandoned in the forest.
The effigy on her tomb in the abbey shows her beauty and is remarkable for its attention to detail.
the senator was burned in effigy
One young graphic designer from Ennis had come to the protest with a life-size effigy of the prime minister.
Some of the protesters burnt an effigy of the Health Minister.
Imbued with all of Carpeaux's desire to create a monumental effigy, this bust reveals much of his personal attachment to Napoleon.
a tomb effigy of Eleanor of Aquitaine
coins bearing the effigy of Maria Theresa of Austria
Around him, protesters burned effigies of the once revered king, chanting for him to be hanged as they began to move towards the heavily guarded royal palace.
The exhibition includes more than 300 objects including tapestries. jewellery, stained glass, tombeffigies and sculptures, as well as paintings and illuminated books.
I do, however, recall seeing on television protestors burning effigies and flags.
My naive idea of a sculptor is someone who works with clay or other materials, or chisels away at a piece of stone to create figures, busts and statues, likenesses and effigies, that only they, with their huge talent, can create.
The police dutifully later detained student protesters for burning effigies of her and even went so far as to arrest a street cartoonist for drawing unflattering caricatures of the president.
The protestors burnt effigies representing the demons of inflation and privatisation.
We will burn effigies to voice our protest.
The grand effigies that typify civic sculpture invariably commemorate great statesmen, founding fathers or political icons.
On New Year's, festivities include fireworks and the burning of effigies (representations of disliked people), made by stuffing old clothes.
Tempers are flaring in both countries, with protesters burning effigies of each other's leaders.
The protesters separately burned the effigies of top local officials and senior legislators they blamed for obstructing their interests.
Gagging the mouth, blindfolding and burning effigies are some of the usual forms of protest.
The counterpart of the English and Scottish passion for painted portraits was an almost equal obsession with sculpted effigies on tombs.
The twin sons enthusiastically joined the protesters, carrying posters and burning effigies of the state leaders.
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Statfarad (statF)
The Statfarad is a unit of capacitance in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as the capacitance of a capacitor in which a potential difference of one statvolt (statV) produces a charge of one statcoulomb (statC).
One Statfarad is equal to about 1.1110 times 10^-12 farads. What is the value of 1 farad in state farad? A farad is a unit of measurement for electrical capacitance. One farad is the amount of charge that can be stored on a capacitor with a voltage of one volt across its plates.
Which is the correct unit conversion of a farad?
There is no universally accepted unit conversion of a farad, as the farad is already an SI unit. However, some common conversions of the farad include:
1 farad = 1 coulomb/volt
1 farad = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10^18) electron charge units
1 farad = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (10^21) atomic units of charge Why is a farad so big? A farad is such a large unit because it is defined as the amount of charge that a capacitor can store per unit voltage. A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field, and the farad is the SI unit of capacitance. How many volts is a farad? A volt is a unit of measurement for electric potential difference, and a farad is a unit of measurement for electrical capacitance. Is 1 farad capacitor possible? Yes, 1 Farad capacitors are possible, and in fact, they are quite common. However, they are not typically used in electronic devices, due to their size and cost.


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Honored at National Conservation Systems Cotton and Rice Conference
JACKSON, Tenn. – Agriculture industry leaders have bestowed the title of Cotton Researcher of the Year to the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture's Tyson Raper. The award was presented on January 31 at the National Conservation Systems Cotton and Rice Conference in Memphis, Tennessee.
Raper is an assistant professor with the UT Department of Plant Sciences. He also serves as the UT Extension Cotton Specialist for the state. Raper is based at the West Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center in Jackson.
According to a conference press release, while Raper has a 75 percent Extension appointment, his research program has made significant contributions to cotton profitability in Tennessee and across the Mid-South. The award committee noted Raper's work with high-residue cover crops, nutrient rate optimization and his current work evaluating DD60's—the formula for calculating crop heat units—for modern cotton varieties.
The National Conservation Systems Cotton and Rice Conference, now in its 23rd year, brings together farmers and crop consultants from across the nation to learn about reducing costs and increasing yields in cotton, rice, soybeans and corn.
Through its land-grant mission of research, teaching and extension, the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture touches lives and provides Real. Life. Solutions. utia.tennessee.edu.


water vole
(redirected from North-western water vole)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus.
Related to North-western water vole: Lepus americanus, Microtus richardsoni
water vole
a large amphibious vole, Arvicola terrestris, of Eurasian river banks: family Cricetidae
Water Vole

also water rat (Arvicola terrestris), a mammal of the family Cricetidae of the order Rodentia. Its body measures up to 24 cm long and its tail, up to 15 cm. It is distributed everywhere in Europe and in northern Asia and parts of Southwest Asia. In the USSR it is found from the western borders to the Lena River and Lake Baikal in the east.
Most frequently the water vole is found along the banks of stagnant or slowly flowing bodies of water. It swims well and leads a semiaquatic mode of existence. Especially numerous in the floodlands along large rivers, the water vole lives in burrows dug in the river banks. In the summer it often builds a nest over the water in piles of dried reeds. The animal feeds on plants; besides wild plants it eats cabbage, potatoes, and root crops. In the winter it sometimes stores rhizomes, root crops, and tubers. Breeding from April to September, it has two or three litters per year, each containing from two to eight young. The number of water voles varies from year to year. High flooding, the drying up of bodies of water, epizootic diseases, and unfavorable weather cause their destruction. The water vole is harmful to field crops and in forestry and gardening. It is the main source of tularemic epizootics. The hides of water voles make second-rate fur.
REFERENCES
Vodianaia krysa i bor'ba s nei v Zapadnoi Sibiri. Novosibirsk, 1959. [Collection of articles.]
Panteleev, P. A. Populiatsionnaia ekologiia vodianoi polevki i mery bor'by. Moscow, 1968.
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text:
Development History Of The Tiwi Geothermal Field, Philippines
Journal Article: Development History Of The Tiwi Geothermal Field, Philippines
AbstractCommercial production of electricity from the Tiwi geothermal system began in 1979. In 1982, Tiwi became the world's first water-dominated system to produce more than 160 MWe. Today the field supplies about 11% of Luzon's electricity. Initially, the reservoir was single-phase liquid with a small, shallow steam zone on the east side. Temperature reversals in the first wells showed the east to be an outflow zone. As production began, reservoir pressure declined, two-phase conditions developed, and groundwater entered the reservoir from the east. As many production wells cooled, brine production increased and generation decreased from about 280 MWe in 1983 to about 190 MWe in 1986. Improvements to surface facilities and new wells drilled farther west raised generation to about 280 MWe by mid-1993. Separated brine was first injected into the reservoir, but this lowered steam production; injection is now outside the field.
- David T. Gambill and Domeng B. Beraquit
- Published Journal
- Geothermics, Date Not Provided
- Not Provided
Check for DOI availability: _URL_
David T. Gambill,Domeng B. Beraquit.. Development History Of The Tiwi Geothermal Field, Philippines. Geothermics. (!).


Flame Chart
The Flame Chart shows you the state of the JavaScript stack for your code at every millisecond during the performance profile.
This gives you a way to know exactly which function was executing at any point during the recording, how long it ran for, and where it was called from.
The Call Tree and the Flame Chart are both used to analyze your site's JavaScript, and they both use the same data: a sample of the JavaScript engine's stack, taken periodically during the recording.
But while the Call Tree organizes this data to show you where your program is spending most time in aggregate across the recording, the Flame Chart uses it to show you when in the recording particular functions are executing. Essentially it shows you the state of the call stack at any given point during the recording.
Here's a screenshot showing the Flame Chart for a section of a profile:
../../../_images/perf-flame-chart-overview.png
First of all, you'll see that, in the recording overview pane, we've selected a small slice of the recording to view in the Flame Chart. The Flame Chart displays a lot of data, so to get readable results, it's usually necessary to zoom in.
In the Flame Chart view itself, along the X-axis is time. The screenshot above covers the period from 1435ms to a little past 1465ms. Along the Y-axis are the functions on the call stack at that point in time, with the top-level at the top, and the leaf function at the bottom. Functions are color-coded to make them easier to distinguish.
This gives you a way to know exactly which function was executing at any point during the recording, how long it ran for, and where it was called from.
Zooming and panning
To work effectively with the Flame Chart, you'll need to be able to navigate it. There are two main controls you can use to navigate the Flame Chart:
Zoom: increase/decrease the selected portion of the complete profile that's displayed in the Flame Chart
 1. Mouse wheel up/down in the Flame Chart.
 2. Trackpad 2 fingers up/down in the Flame Chart.
Pan: move the selected portion of the complete profile left and right
 1. Click and drag the selected portion in the recording overview pane.
 2. Click and drag anywhere in the Flame Chart.
An example
To see how the Flame Chart can reveal the behavior of your program, we'll look at a simple example. We'll use the same example as in the Call Tree page: a program that compares three different sorting algorithms. There's a separate page that gives an overview of this program's structure.
We'll use the same profile file as that used in the Call Tree page. In the call tree page, we figured out that the program call graph in that profile, and the associated sample count, looked like this:
sortAll() // 8
 -> sort() // 37
 -> bubbleSort() // 1345
 -> swap() // 252
 -> selectionSort() // 190
 -> swap() // 1
 -> quickSort() // 103
 -> partition() // 12
First, we'll just select the whole section in which the program was active:
../../../_images/perf-flame-chart-zoomed-out.png
At the top, colored purple, is the sortAll() call, running throughout the program from start to finish. Underneath that, colored olive-green, are the calls it's making to sort(). Underneath that, like the teeth of a comb, are all the calls being made to each sorting algorithm.
Let's zoom in:
../../../_images/perf-flame-chart-zoom-1.png
This slice is about 140 ms long, and shows us more details of the functions being called by sort(). The sort() code is just this:
function sort(unsorted) {
 console.log(bubbleSort(unsorted));
 console.log(selectionSort(unsorted));
 console.log(quickSort(unsorted));
}
The markers labeled "bubb…" and colored olive-green are presumably bubbleSort(). The ones colored plain green are presumably the other sort functions. Even at a glance, we can see that the bubble sort blocks are much wider (of a longer duration) than the others.
We can also see some functions being called from bubbleSort(), colored purple.
Let's zoom in one more time:
../../../_images/perf-flame-chart-zoom-2.png
This slice is about 20ms long. We can see that the purple markers underneath bubbleSort() are the calls to swap(). If you counted them all, the Call Tree view tells us that you'd see 253 of them. All the ones in this zoom are underneath bubbleSort(), but according to the Call Tree view, the profile does contain one under selectionSort().
We can also see that two of the green markers are for selectionSort() and quickSort(), but we're also seeing calls to platform (Gecko) code in between our calls to the sorting functions. It seems very likely that this is from the console.log() calls in sort().


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Lions and tigers are both night hunters. A good way to tell how if they are night or day hunters is by their eyes.
When looking at lions, you can see that they have white under their eyes, and so do tigers.The reason for this is to improve their night vision. The moonlight reflects off the white and in to their eyes so that they can see better in the dark.
Unlike the lions and the tigers, cheetahs actually hunt during the day. You can tell the same way you would for lions and tigers: looking at their eyes. Instead of having white under their eyes, cheetahs have those infamous black stripes down their face. Those stripes actually help them see during the day. The black does the opposite of what the white would do, actually absorbing the sun's rays, so it won't reflect in their eyes and make it hard to see.
There's always an exception…
One of the wild cats though is an anomaly. The cougar doesn't hunt only during the day or only during the night. The cougar on the other hand hunts whenever, whether it is night time or day time. They don't have a dominant color under theirs eyes like the cheetahs, lions or tigers do.
While you can see these tell-tale signs from pictures, it's much more fun to see in person! Come visit our lions, tigers and cougars next time you're at Wildlife Safari!


text:
| < April >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Nida in April is cool at 4.9 °C (40.82 °F).
- Afternoons can be a little cool with average high temperatures reaching 8.4 °C (47.1 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally very cool with an average low of 2.3 °C (36.1 °F).
- The variation/ range of diurnal mean temperatures in April is 6.1 °C (11 °F).
- The weather in April is dry. A mere 33mm (1.3in) of fluid falls.
- The shortest day is 13:02 long and the longest day is 15:12 long with an average length of 14:08.
Check the distance to and compare the Nida April averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for April in Nida, Lithuania
Navigate to April Weather in Locations Surrounding Nida:
- Riga, Latvia - 257.4 kms (159.9 miles) NE
- Liepaja, Latvia - 130.4 kms (81.1 miles) N
- Birzai, Lithuania - 255.7 kms (158.9 miles) ENE
- Telsiai, Lithuania - 109.6 kms (68.1 miles) NE
- Siauliai, Lithuania - 162.3 kms (100.9 miles) ENE
- Klaipeda, Lithuania - 48 kms (29.8 miles) N
- Laukuva, Lithuania - 84.9 kms (52.7 miles) ENE
- Raseiniai, Lithuania - 134.7 kms (83.7 miles) E
- Silute, Lithuania - 28.4 kms (17.6 miles) ENE
- Ukmerge, Lithuania - 237.7 kms (147.7 miles) E
- Kaunas, Lithuania - 185.9 kms (115.5 miles) ESE
- Kybartai, Lithuania - 135.6 kms (84.3 miles) ESE
- Varena, Lithuania - 255.7 kms (158.9 miles) ESE
- Suwalki, Poland - 180.3 kms (112.1 miles) SE


Nepal Flag Meaning & Details
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 Nepal Flag
 Flag Information
 - crimson red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles
 - the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle displays a white 12-pointed sun
 - the color red represents the rhododendron (Nepal's national flower) and is a sign of victory and bravery, the blue border signifies peace and harmony
 - the two right triangles are a combination of two single pennons (pennants) that originally symbolized the Himalaya Mountains while their charges represented the families of the king (upper) and the prime minister, but today they are understood to denote Hinduism and Buddhism, the country's two main religions
 - the moon represents the serenity of the Nepalese people and the shade and cool weather in the Himalayas, while the sun depicts the heat and higher temperatures of the lower parts of Nepal
 - the moon and the sun are also said to express the hope that the nation will endure as long as these heavenly bodies
 note: Nepal is the only country in the world whose flag is not rectangular or square
 Learn more about Nepal »
 Source: CIA - The World Factbook
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How to handle and avoid high CPU or Memory usage
High CPU usage during a period of time might lead to steal time and your machine might start throttle. If the cluster runs low of either RAM or disk space publishing will the halted until your consumers have processed enough messages. This article describes the most common errors and how to avoid them before they even happen.
This is a living document that is continually updated. Last updated March 2019.
We have during years seen different reasons for crashed or unresponsive CloudAMQP/RabbitMQ servers. Too many queued messages, high message rate during a long time or frequently opened and closed connections have been the most common reasons for high CPU usage. To protect against this we have added and made some tools available that help address performance issues promptly and automatically before they impact your business.
First of all - we recommend all users on dedicated plans to activate CPU and Memory alarms through the control panel. When CPU alarm is enabled you will receive a notification when you are using more than 80% of the available CPU. When Memory alarm is enabled you will receive a notification when you are using more than 90% of the available memory. Read more about our alarms in the monitoring pages.
Troubleshooting RabbitMQ
General tips and tools to keep in mind once you start troubleshooting your RabbitMQ server.
Server Metrics
Server Metrics will show performance metrics from your server. CloudAMQP shows CPU Usage Monitoring and Memory Usage Monitoring. Do you see any CPU or memory spikes? Do you notice some changes in the graph during a specific time? Did you do any changes in your code around that time?
RabbitMQ Management interface
If you are able to open the RabbitMQ mgmt interface - do that and check that everything is looking normal; Everything from number of queues to number of channels to messages in your queues.
Memory CPU RabbitMQ
RabbitMQ Log stream
RabbitMQ Log Stream show a live log from RabbitMQ. Do you see new unknown errors in your log?
Most common errors/mistakes
Here follow a list of the most common errors/mistakes we have seen on misbehaving servers:
1. Too many queued messages
RabbitMQ's queues are fastest when they're empty. If the (default) queue receives messages at a faster rate than the consumers can handle, the queue will start growing and eventually it will get slower. By default, queues keep an in-memory cache of messages that's filled up as messages are published into RabbitMQ. The idea of this cache is to be able to deliver messages to consumers as fast as possible As the queue grows, it will require more memory. A high RAM usage could indicate that the number of queued messages rapidly went up. When this happens, RabbitMQ will start flushing (page out) messages to disk in order to free up RAM and when that happens queueing speeds will deteriorate. This paging process can take some time and will block the queue from processing messages. When there is a lot to page out, it can take considerable time nd will effect the performance of the broker. The CPU cost per message will be much higher than when the queue was empty (the messages now have to be queued up). CPU I/O Wait will probably get high, which indicates the percentage of time the CPU has to wait on the disk.
For optimal performance, queues should always stay around 0.
Are you not using lazy queues? CloudAMQP is by default using lazy queues (available from RabbitMQ v3.6) instead of default queues in RabbitMQ. If you are sending a lot of messages at once (e.g. processing batch jobs) or know that you need to queue up a lot of messages, we recommend you to enable lazy queue. Lazy queues are queues where the messages are automatically stored to disk. Only when messages are needed, are messages loaded into memory. With lazy queues, the messages go straight to disk and thereby the RAM usage is minimized. A potential drawback with lazy queues is that the I/O to the disk will increase. Read more about lazy queues in Stopping the stampeding herd problem with lazy queues.
Are your consumers connected? You should first of all check if your consumers are connected - consumer alarms can be activated from the console. The alarms will be triggered to send notifications when the number of consumers for a queue is less than or equal to a given number of consumers.
Are you running an old version of RabbitMQ? If you are running RabbitMQ version 3.4 or lower - upgrade - with RabbitMQ 3.5 and newer you can basically queue until the disk runs out unlike in 3.4 where the message index had to be kept in memory at all time. You can upgrade the version from the console (next to where you reboot/restart the instance).
We recommend you to enable the queue length alarm from the console or, if possible, to set a max-length or a max-ttl on messages in your queues.
If you already have too many messages in the queue - you need to start consume more messages or get your queues drained. If you are able to turn off your publishers then do that until you have managed to consume the messages from the queue.
Too many unacknowledged messages.
All unacknowledged messages have to reside in RAM on the servers. If you have too many unacknowledged messages you will run out of RAM. An efficient way to limit unacknowledged messages is to limit how many messages your clients prefetch. Read more about consumer prefetch on RabbitMQ.com: Consumer Prefetch
2. Too high message throughput
CPU User time indicates the percentage of time your program spends executing instructions in the CPU - in this case, the time the CPU spent running RabbitMQ. If CPU User time is high, it could be due to high message throughput.
Dedicated plans are not artificially limited in any way, the maximum performance is determined by the underlying instance type. Every plan has a given Max msgs/s, that is the approximate burst speed we have measured during benchmark testing. Burst speed means that you temporarily can enjoy the highest speed but after a certain amount of time or once the quota has been exceeded, you might automatically be knocked down to a slower speed.
Metrics for an instance with CPU steal time
high message throughput High message throughput
Most of our benchmark tests are done with RabbitMQ PerfTest tool with one queue, one publisher and one customer. Durable queues/exchanges have been used and transient messages with default message size have been used. There are a lot of other factors too that plays in, like the type of routing, if you ack or auto-ack, datacenter, if you publish with confirmation or not etc. If you, for example, are publishing large persistent messages, it will result in a lot of I/O wait time for the CPU. Read more about Load testing and performance measurements in RabbitMQ. You need to run your own tests to ensure the perfomance on a given plan.
Decrease the average load or upgrade/migrate
When you have too high message throughput you should either try to decrease the average load, or upgrade/migrate to a larger plan. If you want to rescale your cluster, go to the CloudAMQP Control Panel, and choose edit for the instance you want to reconfigure. Here you have the ability to add or remove nodes, and change plan altogether. More about migration can be found in: Migrate between plans
Python Celery
Celery sends a lot of "unnecessary" messages, due to their gossip, mingle and events. You can disable it by adding --without-gossip --without-mingle --without-heartbeat to the Celery worker command line arguments and add CELERY_SEND_EVENTS = False to your settings.py. Take a look at our Celery documentation for up to date information about Celery Settings.
3. Too many queues
RabbitMQ can handle a lot of queues, but each queue will, of course, require some resources. CloudAMQP plans are not artificially limited in any way, the maximum performance is determined by the underlying instance type and so are the number of queues. Too many queues will also use a lot of resources in the stats/mgmt db. If the queues suddenly start to pile up, you might have a queue leak. If you can't find the leakage you can add a queue-ttl policy. The cluster will clean up it self for "dead-queues" - old queues will automatically be removed. You can read more about TTL at RabbitMQ.com: Time-To-Live and Expiration
Python Celery
If you use Python Celery, make sure that you either consume the results or disable the result backend (set CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = None).
Connections and channels
Each connection uses at least one hundred kB, even more if TLS is used.
4. Frequently opening and closing connections
If CPU System time is high, you should check how you are handling your connections.
RabbitMQ connections are a lot more resource heavy than channels. Connections should be long lived, and channels can be opened and closed more frequently. Best practise is to reuse connections and multiplex a connection between threads with channels - in other words, if you have as many connections as channels you might need to take a look at your architecture. You should ideally only have one connection per process, and


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Comparison of three commercial drain tiles in a heavy clay soil of Imperial Valley
F. E. Robinson, University of California
J. N. Luthin, University of California
California Agriculture 22(8):10-11. DOI: 10.3733/ca.v022n08p10.
Frank E. Robinson is Assistant Water Scientist, Department of Water Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis. James N. Luthin is Professor of Irrigation and Civil Engineering, Department of Water Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis.
No evidence was found in these tests of real differences in performance between clay, concrete, or bituminous-fiber tiles. Differences in tile outflow were due primarily to soil variation and not to tile performance. Little actual change in salinity resulted from the leaching operation in the body of soil between the tiles. In most cases as much, and often more, water was lost through seepage as was removed by the tile. Much of the water which moved through the soil followed the disturbed trench above the tile, as evidenced by the much lower salinity in that trench. Electrical conductivity of the tile effluent was inversely related to both rate and duration of tile flow. Each tile showed a unique relationship between electrical conductivity, rate, and duration of flow—probably a reflection of a unique combination of hydraulic conductivities along each tile line.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Altai Argali wild sheep
Thanks to Sailyugemsky National Park for permission to use this image.
The Altai argali, the largest wild sheep species, is one of the most majestic species worldwide. Recognized for their massive, spiraling horns that can grow up to six feet long and alone may weigh 59 lbs (27 kg), the argali sheep is considered by people in Altai to be a sacred symbol and national treasure.
The name "argali" translates to "wild sheep" in the Mongolian language. The Altai argali is one of nine subspecies of Ovis ammon, all of which are classified as near threatened and decreasing in population on the Red List of Threatened Species maintained by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Argali migrate freely across the boundary mountain ranges of Mongolia, Kazakhstan, China, and Russia. The majority of the population lives mostly in western Mongolia. As a high mountain species, argali prefer elevations between 980-19,030 feet, at the upper elevations for plants. The argali is well adapted to living in harsh conditions with low temperatures and scarce food supplies.
Why are argali important?
Like the snow leopard, another inhabitant of Central Asian mountains, the argali is an important indicator of the overall biodiversity and ecosystem health in the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion. Effective protection of argali helps to preserve other species in the region.
What are the biggest threats?
In Russia and Mongolia, habitat loss due to climate change, competition with domestic livestock, infrastructure development, as well as poaching and over-hunting, are the gravest threats facing argali. The sheep are attractive to trophy hunters and poachers seeking to sell derivatives in the Asian medicinals market. Licensed argali hunting in Mongolia is managed by the government, but the permitting process is poorly regulated and corrupt.
They are an important prey species for predators, including wolves and snow leopards.
What is being done to protect them?
Altaisky Federal Nature Reserve, Ubsunurskaya Basin Nature Reserve, Sailyugemsky National Park, Tavan Bodg National Park, and Ikh Nart Nature Reserve staff, researchers, and conservationists in Russian and Mongolian Altai work independently and collectively to study Altai argali. They address short-term threats and develop long-term conservation strategies. Together, they monitor and document argali movements, population dynamics, and reproductive success, in addition to collecting data on poaching and other threats.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to revolutionize our interactions with technology, and Eos AI Chat stands at the forefront of this transformation, providing users with an immersive experience that blurs lines between human and machine interactions. This comprehensive guide explores Eos AI Chat by delving into its innovative features such as EOS Chatbot as well as discussions surrounding chatbots as a whole and their implications across diverse industries.
What is Eos AI Chat?
Eos AI Chat is an innovative platform that is revolutionizing how users engage with technology. Offering individuals an unprecedented chance to interact with AI-generated characters for natural interactions that feel uncannily human-like, its impressive array of virtual characters boasting distinctive personalities and traits ensure every conversation becomes an exclusive and unforgettable experience – providing entertainment, information and knowledge in equal measures!
The EOS Chatbot
At the core of Eos AI Chat sits EOS Chatbot – fondly dubbed #theeoschatbot – an automated virtual assistant providing essential assistance within EOS network. Accessed via its Twitter profile link, EOS Chatbot serves users by offering essential network info as well as helping navigate complex processes easily for them to do themselves – thus streamlining user experience while improving accessibility within this ecosystem.
Also Read : What is Gamma AI?
Exploring AI Chatbot Discussions
AI chatbots have generated fascinating conversations across several platforms, from YouTube and EOS Intelligence to U.K. Parliament. These discussions address their capabilities and limitations while discussing potential impacts across industries; enthusiasts as well as experts often share insights into how these AI technology-powered bots are revolutionizing customer service, revolutionizing data analysis and even inspiring creative content production – providing users with a better grasp on AI chatbot technology as a whole. By participating in these dialogues users gain a comprehensive view of its wider implications.
What Industries can Benefit from Eos ai Chat?
As AI chatbot technology continues to progress, its potential impact on industries cannot be overstated. From streamlining customer interactions to optimizing supply chain management, its applications range widely; from healthcare and finance, through e-commerce and entertainment sectors. AI chatbot solutions may prove especially advantageous as businesses leverage artificially intelligent characters created through chatbot technology for enhanced efficiency, improved user experiences and further explorations into unchartered territories.
Also read : How to Use Harpy AI Chat? A Comprehensive Guide
Is Eos AI Chat Free?
- Absolutely, Eos AI Chat extends an invitation for complimentary use of its platform.
- Nonetheless, for an elevated experience, users have the option to acquire a personal API key at a nominal fee of $5.
- Kindly bear in mind that these details might undergo modifications, hence it is advisable to refer to the official Eos AI Chat website for the latest updates on pricing.
Eos AI Chat vs. Other AI Chatbots: A Detailed Comparison
|Eos AI Chat Learning Curve||Understanding how Eos AI Chat constantly improves .|
|Integration Mastery||Maximizing power and versatility through app integration .|
|Privacy and Security||Prioritizing user privacy for a secure environment .|
|Adaptive Conversations||Tailoring styles for users of all ages and backgrounds .|
|Personalization Unleashed||Elevating engagement and usefulness through personalized interactions .|
|Continuous Evolution||How Eos AI Chat adapts and grows over time .|
|Text Creativity||Versatile text formats for education, entertainment, and work .|
|Virtual Characters Galore||A diverse array of virtual characters for unique conversations.|
Eos AI Chat Learning Curve
Kick start your conversational experience with Eos AI Chat, a platform committed to continual enhancement. Through user interactions, this chatbot learns and adapts accordingly for personalized and evolving interactions – offering users an enjoyable yet enriching journey!
Eos AI Chat stands out by seamlessly integrating with other applications . This increases its power and versatility while giving users an engaging AI experience.
Privacy and Security
Eos AI Chat prioritizes user privacy as an essential tenet, creating a safe space to store personal information and cultivating mutual trust among its users.
Eos AI Chat's adaptive conversational styles cater to users of all ages and backgrounds for an enjoyable interaction experience for all. This ensures a smooth and satisfying interaction experience for everyone involved.
Experience an unprecedented level of engagement with Eos AI Chat's personalized interactions . This platform goes beyond conventional means to elevate usefulness and foster meaningful connections.
Eos AI Chat has shown remarkable learning and expansion over time, responding more quickly and accurately to user needs than ever.
Eos AI Chat emerges as a versatile tool for education, entertainment, and work [^1][^3]. Its ability to generate creative text formats adds a dynamic dimension to user interactions.
Virtual Characters Galore
Eos AI Chat brings the world of possibilities alive through its virtual characters. Each character boasts individual traits that ensure each conversation will be truly special.
Features of Eos AI Chat
Users Can Engage in Conversations with AI-Generated Characters
Imagine conversations flowing seamlessly among artificially intelligent (AI-generated) characters with individual personalities and traits, each possessing its own distinctive traits and personalities. Eos AI Chat provides users with this captivating experience by inviting them into dialogue with these virtual persons; users are free to select which character best resonates with their preferences and needs for any informative discussions or delightful exchanges they wish! Eos AI Chat's characters make for engaging dialogue partners!
The EOS Chatbot: Your Helpful Virtual Assistant
At the core of EOS AI Chat stands EOS Chatbot – an invaluable and popular automated virtual assistant designed specifically for EOS network. This revolutionary bot has quickly gained prominence for its efficiency and effectiveness when helping users perform various tasks related to EOS network usage – such as providing insightful network information or step-by-step guidance – alongside swift responses to inquiries or real-time support, making the EOS Chatbot an indispensable partner to both newcomers and experienced users alike. It adds immense value to their Eos AI Chat experience!
Accessible Through Twitter: A Seamless Connection
Accessing the EOS Chatbot couldn't be simpler: users simply follow its Twitter profile link to connect directly with this AI-powered virtual assistant and quickly tap its wealth of knowledge and assistance, such as instant updates, clarifications or guidance. Through Twitter accessing this virtual assistant makes for a user-friendly and efficient resource!
Empowering Users with Information: EOS Network Insights
One of the hallmarks of EOS Chatbot's utility lies in its capacity to equip users with in-depth information related to EOS network. No matter your expertise level or interests, EOS Chatbot provides updates, insights, explanations that suit various user requirements – from explaining complex concepts to sharing latest developments – making sure users remain well-informed enough for informed decisions within EOS ecosystem.
Unveiling Conversational AI: The Heart of Eos AI Chat
Conversational AI is at the core of Eos AI Chat's user experience, enabling computers to simulate human dialogue remarkably accurately through natural language processing and machine learning technologies. By harnessing their power for seamless communications between users and AI-generated characters. Furthermore, Conversational AI's capability in understanding context, nuance, and subtleties of human speech creates authentic yet intuitive interactions for users with each AI character generated.
Learning and Adapting: The Evolution of Conversational AI
Conversational AI systems like that used in Eos AI Chat are constantly learning and adapting, through interactions with users and with each iteration of interactions between systems and AI characters, improving quality communication over time. Through such iterative processes AI characters become more tailored towards user preferences providing for an enjoyable conversational experience – further expanding conversational AI's capabilities over time. As users engage in conversations they contribute towards increasing its capabilities further still.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How Does Eos AI Chat Work?
Eos AI Chat utilizes advanced AI algorithms to simulate realistic conversations between humans and virtual characters through its user-friendly interface, where individuals can initiate dialogues, pose queries and receive replies that resemble natural human dialogues.
Am I able to customize AI-generated characters?
Yes. Eos AI Chat features an extensive roster of characters with distinct traits and personalities for users to select characters which best align with their preferences, providing for an enjoyable conversation experience.
Which tasks does EOS Chatbot help with?
The EOS Chatbot was created to assist users with various aspects of using the EOS network, from transactions and account administration, through to network updates and status notifications. Whatever assistance you require – be it accurate information regarding transactions or account management – our Chatbot provides it all effectively and on schedule!
Are There Limitations of AI Chatbots Like Eos AI Chat?
While AI-generated characters such as Eos AI Chat have come a long way toward replicating human conversation, their abilities still depend upon programming and data inputs; complex emotional nuances or contextual understanding could present difficulties to AI characters.
What sets Eos AI Chat apart from other AI chatbot platforms?
Eos AI Chat stands out by featuring various and captivating virtual characters for an engaging and interactive experience. Furthermore, its integration into EOS network gives users access to assistance specific for cryptocurrency ecosystem.
Eos AI Chat marks an ambitious development in AI-powered interactions, offering its innovative platform as an avenue for users to converse with artificially intelligent characters that delve deep into personality traits. Furthermore, its EOS Chatbot enhances this experience further as a virtual assistant within EOS network. As the debate surrounding chatbots like Eos AI Chat continues, its potential effects across various industries become clear. From customer service innovations and driving innovation; Eos AI Chat is shaping our future relationship between humans and machines


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Hopi Symbols and their Meanings
Hopitu-shinumu (Hopi) means Peaceful People; this serves as a background to understanding their use of symbols.
The Hopi are expert craftspeople, and possess uncommon agricultural skills.
Their connection with the land, cultivating, and harvesting is truly superior. Specifically, their ability to skillfully coax yielding corn from the desert sands is to be commended. This connection to earth, and nature is constantly exhibited in Hopi symbols.
Art is a way of life for the Hopi; it expresses their visions, beliefs and dreams to themselves and others. As artisans, they incorporated their Hopi symbols into an array of dazzlingly beautiful baskets, weavings, and pottery.
Hopi are also the crafters of kachina dolls and costumes. For more information on this are of Hopi tradition, click on:
A few Hopi symbols and their meanings are provided here with an aim to bring about understanding and respect to these diverse and skillful people.
Mother Earth or Maze Symbol:
This is a common symbol among many Native American tribes, including the Hopi. One of its representations is that of mother and child (see Mother Symbolism. page) In a broader sense, the connection of earth mother to us as her children. The beginning, straight center-line represents the child – or our philosophical beginnings – the surrounding maze represents the enfolding energies of mother earth. Note the maze does not enclose the center –line representing the child. The symbolism then is strong when we realize the support of the mother is constantly around yet our ability to venture out on our own is always available. Also reference my page on Earth Symbols here.
Hopi World Symbol:
This symbol signifies world to the Hopi The "cosmic cross" or four bars represent north, south, east and west correspond to the outermost points on the horizon where the sun passes through the year; the solstice and equinox points. The four circles inside the outer outline represent the four nations (the first four tribes of mankind), which came to the world to keep balance. See also my blogpost on Cosmic Direction and Compass Symbolism.
Hopi Sun Symbol:
A symbol of creative and natural energy. The supreme god due to the Hopi's dependence upon it for the growth of corn, and other sustaining crops. The sun symbol represents the heart of the cosmos and deals with vitality, growth, and passion.
Hopi Spiral Symbol:
This rendition of the Hopi spiral is also common among North, South and Central Native American Indian tribes. The spiral represents the number of journeys or treks a tribe or nation has made to the four corners of the earth. Engraved on stones, the spiral suggests an intricate journey made to the Otherworlds on back. Generally, the spiral represents a broadening of consciousness, which is the destination arrived after a long journey.
Hopi Kachina Sun Symbol:
Also known as a Tawa kachina, it is a spirit symbolizing of life, growth, strength of spirit, and abundance. The likeness of this spirit is donned during the solstice ceremony to beckon the sun's return, and begin the growing season. See Kachina Properties for more information on Hopi kachinas and their meanings.
I hope you enjoyed these Hopi Symbols. Be sure to check out the in-site links at the end of this page for more Native American symbols and their meanings. Thanks for reading!


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Goats, like most hoofed mammals, have horizontal pupils. The purpose of those elongated pupils is to allow them to scan the horizon for possible predators.
When a goat's head tilts up (to look around) and down (to munch on grass), an amazing thing happens. The eyeballs actually rotate clockwise or counterclockwise within the eye socket. This keeps the pupils oriented to the horizontal.
That seems impossible to believe. Eyeballs might be able to scan from side to side, or swivel up and down, but how could they actually rotate clockwise or counterclockwise?
To test out this theory, I took photos of Lucky the goat's head in two different positions, down and up. I then tilted one of the photos so that the slope of his forehead (marked by arrows) was constant. The photos prove that the pupils actually swivel about 25 degrees within the head.


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So, what would be the best approach to design relationship in a table when I have this setup:
Let's say I have tblFile that holds file path's to different files. and then I have bundles that can contain any amount of files.
So, my current structure is as follows:
How do I avoid creating tblBundle in this case (Because it doesn't need to contain any additonal information. But I still want it to be a key. And what would be a naming convention for "BundleId" column if I remove 2nd database)
If you do not need the one-column table, you do not have to create it. When the key is surrogate (i.e. have no meaning outside your data model) there is nothing wrong with having a non-primary key that does not reference other tables. You can index the column if you need faster access by
There are advantages to having a table, though: you can make a foreign key with cascading delete, so deleting a row from the bundle table would automatically delete all its children rows.


How to install fonts?
Windows
 1. Unzip the font first.
 2. Select Control Panel from the Start menu.
 3. Then select Appearance and Personalization.
 4. Then click "Font".
 5. Click File, and then click Install New Fonts.
 6. If you don't see the File menu, press ALT.
 7. Navigate to the folder containing the fonts you want to install.
Likewise, people ask, how do I add fonts to my Mac?
The files are compressed, you may need a utility like Stufit Expander.
 1. Double-click the font file > Install Font button at the bottom of the preview under Mac OS X 10.3 or later (including FontBook).
 2. Under any version of Mac OS X: put the file in /Library/Fonts (for all users),
 3. Under Mac OS 9 or earlier:
How do you use the fonts you download?
Go to Control Panel and click font. Right-click anywhere within the folder and click Install New font. Do one of the following: Install Fonts from the computer's disk drive, after adding font dialog box, in the list box containing the drive list box, select the folder that contains the new font file.
How do I download the Calibri font to my Mac?
To find and install default Microsoft fonts on Mac:
 1. Navigate here in your browser.
 2. Download the .ZIP file.
 3. Unzip it (double click on it).
 4. Open the folder that appears.
 5. Select all .TTF files within the folder.
 6. After selecting the file, right-click.
 7. From the pop-up menu, choose Open With → Font Book.
How to import fonts into design space?
Write your text, making sure the text is selected, then click Edit in the right panel.By default, in the first drop-down menu "All fontis selected. Click this drop-down menu and select System font". It will load your installed font On your computer, this may take a few seconds.
What font does Apple use?
Apple There are three favorite fonts: Myriad, Lucida Grande and Helvetica Neue. Now there's a new favorite: Avenir. It's on both OS X Mountain Lion and iOS 6 – which means you'll see it featured in the next iPhone.
See also How to add north arrow in Autocad 2016?
How do I install fonts from a zip file?
Copy and paste or drag and drop extracted (.ttf or .otf) font file to font folder.This font Folder is located in C:Windowsfont or C:WINNTfont. Find and double-click font folder.click file and Install new font choose to include font you want Install and click OK.
How do I download fonts to my phone?
To install a TTF font file saved to the device:
 1. Copy the TTF font file you want to use to your device, preferably into the /sdcard directory.
 2. Start the font installer.
 3. Before tampering with your system fonts, back up your existing default fonts.
 4. Click the Local tab to open Directory Explorer.
How do you download google fonts?
Open Google Fonts directory, choose your favorite font (or font) and add them to the collection.Once you have collected what you want font, click"download Your Favorites" link at the top and you will get a zip file with all the requests font TTF format.
How to upload fonts to Google Slides?
To enable font plugins:
 1. Open any Google Doc, or create a new one.
 2. From the Add-ons menu, click Get Add-ons.
 3. In the Search for Add-ons box, enter "Extensis Fonts"
 4. Select the Extensis font plugin from the list.
 5. Click the free button in the upper right corner.
How do I install fonts on a Mac?
The files are compressed, you may need a utility like Stufit Expander.
 1. Double-click the font file > Install Font button at the bottom of the preview under Mac OS X 10.3 or later (including FontBook).
 2. Under any version of Mac OS X: put the file in /Library/Fonts (for all users),
 3. Under Mac OS 9 or earlier:
See also Are you relieved of a trendy lie?
How to add fonts to Word 2016?
Go to Control Panel and click font. Right-click anywhere within the folder and click Install new font. Do one of the following: Install One font From your computer disk drive, in Add font dialog box, in the list box containing the drive list box, select the font document.
How to delete fonts on Mac?
Going back to Font Book, we can easily uninstall them:
 1. Start Font Book (located in /Applications/) and use the Search function to find the font to delete.
 2. Select the font you want to delete and right-click on it and choose "Delete 'Fontname' Family" or choose the same option from the File menu.
Where can I find the Control Panel in Windows 10?
A slightly slower way to start Control Panel in Windows 10 is done from the start menu.Click or tap the Start button, then scroll down in the Start menu to Windows system folder.there you will find a control panel shortcut.
How to remove fonts in Windows 10?
Here's everything you need to know. First, you need to access the font control panel.Easiest way so far: Click to enter Windows 10 New search field (to the right of the Start button), type "font, and then click an item that appears at the top of the results: font – control panel.
How to delete fonts?
First, open the control panel and click font folder. If you're in category view, go ahead and switch to icon view.choose font you want delete then click delete The button is towards the top of the window.If all goes well, your font should be removed from your system.
How to remove fonts in Windows 8?
#2 John C_21
 1. Open Fonts by clicking the Start button, click Control Panel, click Appearance and Personalization, and then click Fonts.
 2. Click on the font you want to delete. To select multiple fonts at once, hold down the Ctrl key while clicking each font.
 3. On the toolbar, click Delete.
See also What do you get a new mom for herself?
Can you add fonts to Google Docs?
open any Google record, or create a new one one. from Add to-on menu, click get Add to-on.in search Add to-ons box, enter "Extensis font" Select Extensis font added– from the list.
How do I send fonts from my Mac?
Create a folder on your desktop that you can copy into font. In the search results window, copy each font (hold down the Option key while dragging to avoid moving the files) into the folder you created on the desktop. For programs like Adobe InDesign, use the package feature.
Where are the fonts on the Mac?
Mac OS X: Font locations and their uses
font usage font folder location
"user" ~/Library/Fonts/
"Local" /library/fonts/
"The internet" /web/library/fonts/
"system" /system/library/fonts/
How do I copy fonts from one Mac to another?
backup font exist Apple Computer – you want to find font Folders in the library on HD.so you will go Apple Computer HD > Library > font. choose font Folder > Right click and select Copy. Now you can drag and drop"font copy" folder to an external hard drive or cloud.
Where is the Font Book on Mac?
roll out font book, go to /Applications/font book, or click the Go menu in the Finder, select Applications, and double-click font book icon.
How to transfer fonts from one computer to another?
Open Windows Explorer and navigate to C:Windowsfont, then from font folder to a network drive or thumb drive.Then, in the second computer, drag the font file to font folder, Windows will install them automatically.


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With February's early warm weather, DC's pollen counts are climbing earlier than usual. What you might not know is that decades of urban landscaping sexism are partly to blame for high pollen counts.
That's tree-based, not people-based, sexism. Some common types of trees used in urban landscaping are dioecious, meaning individual trees are either male or female.
When it comes to dioecious plants, cities tend to prefer planting males to females because females drop fruit or seeds that the city then needs to clean up. The most notorious female offenders are gingko trees, whose undesirable smelly fruit plague residents with "strong notes of unwashed feet and Diaper Genie, with noticeable hints of spoiled butter."
But male dioecious trees don't drop seeds or fruit. Instead, in the spring, they release pollen.
Horticultural epidemiologist Tom Ogren traces the modern preference for male trees to around 1950, when the USDA released a book that promoted planting male trees over female trees for easy, litter-free maintenance. The idea caught on with private homeowners, nursery suppliers, and city planners. At the time, Dutch Elm disease was on the uptick, and swaths of trees in US cities were being replaced. Today, DDOT's Design and Engineering Manual (section 47.4.4) confirms that "...trees near walks should be thornless and fruitless to minimize maintenance," though of course there are plenty of fruitless trees that aren't dioecious males.
Favoring male trees isn't a bad idea in itself, and Ogren believes no one had any bad intentions. "But when a city does this on a massive scale, it has a huge impact on the health of the people who live there," he said to Governing. Ogren, who developed the Ogren Plants Allergy Scale (OPALS) used by the USDA and American Lung Association, says planting more female trees will reduce the pollen count in a city.
That makes sense. The job of female trees is to capture pollen, essentially acting as natural air filters. But when they're nearly non-existent, we're left with a ton of pollen in the air with no females to trap it.
Of course, if cities are concerned about street litter, they have some alternatives, Ogren told CityLab. They can use sterile female trees, which don't produce fruit. They can also graft or prune male trees into female trees.
And yes, for allergy sufferers, your proximity to different tree types can matter. Even wide-spreading types of pollen tend not to spread beyond a half-mile of their source. The bulk of a tree's pollen is deposited within a 100-foot radius of the tree.
To be fair, the most common trees in DC aren't dioecious at all, explains Dr. Jessica Sanders, the Director of Research at Casey Trees. She says DC tends to plant more monoecious trees; that is, trees that share male and female parts on the same tree. Birch and oak trees are both monoecious, as are our tourist-favorite cherry trees.
The dioecious trees most popular in DC are poplars and ginkgos. Other dioecious varieties you might see around DC from time to time? Willows, holly, juniper, pistache, and sassafras. Also present in DC, and the releasing their pollen right now? Red maples.
If you're sneezing up a storm like I have been recently, Dr. Sanders says you probably have red maples to thank.
What kind of trees are on your block? DDOT's Urban Forestry Administration has excellent open data on street trees. It's so good, in fact, that in 2011 David Alpert wrote this post about the map Casey Trees made from the data. Dr. Sanders confirmed the map is still pretty accurate:
While other factors outside of pollen also impact seasonal allergies and air quality, there's no wonder I'm digging into my stock of antihistamines since I'm very sensitive to tree pollen. I'm lucky enough to have both a holly tree and a red maple directly in front of my apartment.


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Spectrum discharge tubes contain gases that, when ignited, emit different waves of light (or the gas's spectral lines). This is how scientists are able to determine the gaseous make-up of planets in our solar system. This neon spectrum discharge tube is approximately 10.25 inches long with electrodes sealed at both ends that are connected to lead wires protected by metal caps. It needs an induction coil spark of approximately 5cm or a suitable power supply for use. Recommended for use by adults only, this is excellent for use in classroom demonstrations or college-level science projects.
Build your own windmill generator kit by recycling a plastic bottle!
Exciting magnet exploration for ages 8 and up!
A touch of joy. A touch of science. Light responds to your touch and to the music in your room!
This advanced physics kit is perfect for older children already versed in physics knowledge!
Experiment with engines powered by air pressure and water, and build models to race your friends!
The Wimshurst Machine is a high quality static machine for student labs.


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The least environmental impact with superior crankcase cleaning
We strive to be your most environmental-friendly option, meaning that our solution offers the lowest possible emission from the engines' crankcase combined with the least environmental impact when manufactured, used and recycled. Our aim is to offer superior crankcase cleaning.
Alfdex' overall aim is to:
- Utilize natural resources as carefully as possible.
- Reduce environmental impact by developing products with focus on improved separation efficiency and reduced energy consumption (less CO2 and NOx) during its lifetime.
- Reduce environmental impact during Alfdex different processes.
- Design products with regard to efficient recycling.
This is how we achieve it:
- We make decisions that are evidence-based and environmentally-conscious.
- We continue to increase our knowledge and awareness of the company's environmental impact through formal analysis and training, but also by discussing and considering environmental issues in our daily work.
- We consider our company's environmental impact in all aspects and at all levels of business.
- We use Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) as a parameter for our decisions.
- We guide the process of improvement via the environmental aspect list and also by promoting daily improvements.
- We base our minimum requirements on environmental legislation, and meet the requirements of other stakeholders such as society, customers, shareholders and employees.
- We arrange for safe management of chemicals and waste.


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Troubleshooting: IE6 defect interferes with screen refresh of dynamic select controls
If your application users acess Process Commander with Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 6.0 (IE6) and your application includes a Gradient filter in a style sheet, you will notice that scrolling the container window causes Dynamic Select controls (drop-down lists) to disappear.
When you click within the window at the locus of a particular Select control, the control reappears.
This is a known defect in IE6.The defect surfaces in applications using a customized CSS (referenced in a skin rule) in which a gradient filter has been enabled. The problem does not occur when you use the same CSS without a gradient filter applied, or the standard skins.
The problem is caused by style coding like this example:
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(enabled='true',GradientType=0, startColorStr='_TAG_', endColorStr='#95A6C7')
The following screens illustrate the initial UI state and the disappearance and reappearance of Dynamic Select controls when focus changes between your scrolling and clicking interactions.
If you need to support IE6, do not use gradient filters when you customize the standard CSS.
If you need to use gradient filters in your customized CSS, upgrade to IE7. (Note that gradient features are a Microsoft extension to CSS, not supported by non-Microsoft browsers.)
For more information, refer to the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) article cited.


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It will also look at workplace bullying and harassment and if employers are implementing recommendations from the McGregor-Smith Review published last year.
The McGregor-Smith Review revealed that equal career progression for black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) employees could boost the UK economy by £24bn.
Baroness Ruby McGregor-Smith, who led the review, said that there is a "structural, historical bias that favours certain individuals" in the UK workplace "at every stage of an individual's career, and even before it begins".
As a result, the report called on UK companies to start publishing a breakdown of their staff by race and pay as well as publishing their long-term diversity targets, and urged them to report their progress annually.
The research commissioned today will be carried out by the charity Business in the Community (BITC).
Business minister Andrew Griffiths said, "It is unacceptable that people are being held back in the workplace because of their ethnic background – we want to make sure that the economy works for everyone, so people have the same opportunities to progress and can achieve their true potential.
"This new research will establish what steps employers have taken to haul down workplace barriers and harness the talent of a diverse workforce, helping us to assess if further action is needed," he added.
A report from BITC in 2015 revealed almost a third (32%) of BAME employees witnessed or experienced racism from colleagues in the last five years. More than a quarter (28%) witnessed or experienced racial bullying by their managers in the same period. This rose to almost 40% for employees from a Pakistani or other Asian background.
Written By: Raymond Doherty
First Published: 21.02.18: _URL_


Datafeedsedit
Machine learning jobs can analyze data that is stored in Elasticsearch or data that is sent from some other source via an API. Datafeeds retrieve data from Elasticsearch for analysis, which is the simpler and more common scenario.
If you create jobs in Kibana, you must use datafeeds. When you create a job, you select an index pattern and Kibana configures the datafeed for you under the covers. If you use machine learning APIs instead, you can create a datafeed by using the create datafeeds API after you create a job. You can associate only one datafeed with each job.
For a description of all the datafeed properties, see Datafeed Resources.
To start retrieving data from Elasticsearch, you must start the datafeed. When you start it, you can optionally specify start and end times. If you do not specify an end time, the datafeed runs continuously. You can start and stop datafeeds in Kibana or use the start datafeeds and stop datafeeds APIs. A datafeed can be started and stopped multiple times throughout its lifecycle.
Important
When X-Pack security is enabled, a datafeed stores the roles of the user who created or updated the datafeed at that time. This means that if those roles are updated, the datafeed subsequently runs with the new permissions that are associated with the roles. However, if the user's roles are adjusted after creating or updating the datafeed, the datafeed continues to run with the permissions that were associated with the original roles.
One way to update the roles that are stored within the datafeed without changing any other settings is to submit an empty JSON document ({}) to the update datafeed API.
If the data that you want to analyze is not stored in Elasticsearch, you cannot use datafeeds. You can however send batches of data directly to the job by using the post data to jobs API.


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Using more of the millions of tonnes of unwanted plastic Australians consume every year in recyclable products is something we all want to see happen.
Road infrastructure products have been identified as potential keys to boosting use of recycled plastic. ARRB is already involved in several research projects in the waste plastic space.
ARRB has been engaged by Major Road Projects Victoria and Department of Transport to explore the use of recycled plastics in drainage pipes under the road pavement.
Currently, concrete pipes have only ever been used for the drainage and wastewater network under the road pavement in Victoria.
The project, which is well under way, will involve the review of existing standards and practice both interstate and nationally, consultation with relevant stakeholders, development of performance requirements, and material testing requirements.
Potential for the inclusion of recycled plastics into other drainage-related structural elements and components in the future will also be explored.
ARRB has also been involved in the development of the soon to be published Department of Transport recycled plastic noise wall. In addition, ARRB works in conjunction with the National Asset Centre of Excellence (NACOE) and the Western Australian Road Research and Innovation Program (WARRIP) on projects involving recycled plastics.
"ARRB is proud to be supporting the use of recycled plastics in transport infrastructure. Development of specifications to incorporate recycled materials is a big step in towards recycled products being business as usual", Melissa Lyons, Senior Technology Leader of Sustainability and Material Performance said.
To find out more about our Sustainability team and what we can do for you, contact us today.
You can also read about our research in using waste plastics in roads here.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
To insert the value, start by using a mask to clear out the 8-bits of the pixel corresponding to the given color channel. For example, in the case of red, shift an 8-bit mask of ones left 16 bits, invert it (using the ~ operator), and "and" (&) this mask with the RGB value, which clears out the 8 bits of red and leaves the other bits unchanged. Next, shift the parameter value (red, in this case) left the same number of bits (16, in the case of red) and "or" (|) the shifted value into the pixel value.
int getRed(){
 red = (Pixel>>16);
 red = ~Pixel;
 red = Pixel<<16 | Pixel;
 return red;
What am I doing wrong according to the directions?
share|improve this question
you should be re-using the red value in subsequent operations. since red is always being assigned from some operation on Pixel, you aren't accumulating the 3 operations, just doing 3 independent operations. – jtahlborn Oct 7 '13 at 1:48
You're assigning three different values to "red". The results from the first two are overlaid by the third, so that's the only one you get. – Hot Licks Oct 7 '13 at 1:57
2 Answers 2
The problem here seems to be a fundamental problem in understanding how assignment works (in Java... and just about every imperative programming language!). For example:
red = (Pixel>>16);
red = ~Pixel;
That says:
 1. Assign to red the value of Pixel shifted by 16 bits
 2. Assign to red the value of Pixel negated bitwise. This clobbers the value of red that you calculated in the previous step.
If you want to negate the value that you calculated in step 1, then you need to do this:
red = ~red;
share|improve this answer
I believe you simply don't understand what's going on. The very first line is already incorrect:
Which means
8 bit mask of ones: 0xFF (00000000 00000000 00000000 _PHONE_)
shift left 16 bits: 0xFF << 16 (giving you 00000000 _PHONE_ 00000000 00000000)
invert it : ~ (0xFF << 16) (giving you (_PHONE_ 00000000 _PHONE_ _PHONE_)
& this mask with RGB value: result = pixel & (~(0xFF << 16))
The result is the pixel with 17th-24th bit cleared.
That's the first step (yes there are subsequent steps, as described in your homework) to set the "Red" value in pixel
I am not sure if it is your intention but what you developed has nothing to do with your question: instead of setting red value, it seems you are getting red value.
However, still, what you developed is still far from correct. e.g. you should have a similar mask with 17th-24th bits being 1 and other bits being 0, then & the pixel with this mask, and then shift the remaining value (which located at 17th-24th bits) to 0-7th bits.
I am not going to give you the actual answer because it is your work to learn from it. However I believe the hints I gave is more than enough.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


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How to use BitMap in Turbo C++
This simple program explain you about how to use BitMap in Turbo C++.
NOTE :Before Running this program you have to copy one file in your "bgi" directory. That file either you have to download from the net or i will provide you. The file name is "SVGA256.BGI". Copy this file at your " tc\bgi\ ". Your tc path. I am not able to attach this file because the file extension is not supported.. If you need this file, i will provide you.
1) You have to use the BitMap structure, there is no need to change anything in this structure. Just copy this structure in one of the.cpp file like "BitMap.cpp".
char type; /* Magic identifier */
unsigned long size; /* File size in bytes */
unsigned short int reserved1, reserved2;
unsigned long offset; /* Offset to image data, bytes */
extern A HEADER,HEADER1;
unsigned long size; /* Header size in bytes */
unsigned long width,height; /* Width and height of image */
unsigned short int planes; /* Number of colour planes */
unsigned short int bits; /* Bits per pixel */
unsigned long compression; /* Compression type */
unsigned long imagesize; /* Image size in bytes */
unsigned long xresolution,yresolution; /* Pixels per meter */
unsigned long ncolours; /* Number of colours */
unsigned long importantcolours; /* Important colours */
extern B INFOHEADER,INFOHEADER1;
2) In the main file i mean the file which contain the "main" function write this code.
// This Global Function is used for the resolution of the bitmap. You can set the return value either 1,2 or 3. For me 3 is the best combination.
int gd = DETECT, md, a;
initgraph(&gd,&md,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); //Path may be different in your computer.
//Suppose you have one show function which read the bitmap from the disk. Then this show function looks like this.
//Here you have to define the path of the bitmap file. Like according to this example i have to open one Board1.bmp file. So write you bitmap file path here.
unsigned char Ch;
File.read((char*)&HEADER,14); //This is the header part of the Bitmap. It always looks like same. Don't change the content hear. The value remains 14 here.
File.read((char*)&INFOHEADER,40); //This is another part of the bitmap, here also the value remains same like 40 here.
unsigned int i;
if(PaletteData)//if memory allocated successfully
//read color data
//Don't change the code here because i have done some shifting here. Its working fine.
outp(0x03c8,0); //tell DAC that data is coming
for(i=0;i<256*3;i++) //send data to SVGA DAC
for(i=0;i


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We have an ADIS16210 mounted in an instrument that moves in a circle as seen in the picture. The sensor is represented by the box to the right at the top. The distance d is 240 and r is 400 mm. The gravity axis is along r and the horisontal axis is, i.e. this is just like a weel on a car. The ADIS is not mounted perfectly aligned, a few degrees off is likely.
The z-axis of the ADIS should show the same angles as those of the circle. We measure the angle with two other inclinometers and see deviations by a few degrees.
The app note AN-1057 "Using Accelerometers" discusses deviations caused by misalignments that causes problems like this.
We have tried to use the calibration procedure described but without success.
Any ideas are welcome.


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The prefix "di" means "two" -- except when it doesn't! Here we start with the prefix "di," combine it with a word, and end with the answer: a different word. For example, the clue "Double an instruction to be quiet" leads to the answer "dish." Good luck!
All answers are one word.
-1.Double myself. (This might be worth some money in North America!)
-2.Double a poetic stanza. (Here's a different sort of question.)
-3.Double a guitar-like stringed instrument. (This answer is a little watered down.)
-4.Double a way of standing. (Have you gone too far?)
-5.Double not being on time. (This answer should open your eyes.)
6.Double a large, boxy motor vehicle that can haul lots of people or goods. (That doubled passenger seating is very comfortable indeed.)
-7.Double quiet, silence, calm and non-motion. (The answer is highly purified.)
-8.Double someone who believes the existence of God cannot be known. (The answer will test you.)
-9.Double a classical lyric poem. (The answer will electrify you.)
-10.Double a grape-bearing plant. (Perhaps these grapes are unusually holy.)


This one simple tip could potentially save your house $$$
Flexible braided pipes are responsible for more than 20% of home water damage claims in just Australia alone.
The flexi hose is a plumbing connection from the water main to major appliances and sinks to replace copper pipes. These hoses are also used on toilets to replace the copper pipe connecting water from the stop tap to the cistern.
Flexi pipes are very versatile and are often used to save time and money, however long term it could potentially cause a lot of issues, leading to major damage to your home, such as leaks, ruptures and flooding.
Due to these flexi pipes only having a shelf life of 5-10 years, regular maintenance should be carried out. A homeowner can easily check for themselves by visually inspecting for freys, corrosion and general wear and tear.
If anything looks suspicious, it's important to call a suitably qualified plumber for correct maintenance and replacement.
As a general rule flexible pipes should be replaced every 5-10 years depending on the brand. They should be watermarked and compliant with relevant standards: AS/NZS 3499


Thursday, March 13, 2014
Interesting Shorts: Pepopukin in Corsica
Also found in the Anthology, The Best Vampire Stories _PHONE_: A Classic Vampire Anthology is the story Pepopukin in Corsica. The story itself was published in 1826 in an Anthology series The Stanley Tales (the existence of which I have confirmed). In his introduction to the story, Editor Andrew Barger makes the argument that the story, which is only credited to AY, was written by Arthur Young. If that is the case the story was published posthumously as Young died in 1820 and *potentially* makes it older than The Vampyre: A Tale.
Sadly, we will never know the answer to that and at best we can state that the story was published in 1826, making it one of the pre-Victorian English language vampire tales. Interestingly the story does not contain a vampire but it does have a belief in vampires and someone acting as a vampire.
The story centres around Sir Giles de Montfort, a Frenchman whose fortune and reputation was made on the backs and failures of others. He travels to Corsica with the express desire of marrying Jane de Launay, a very beautiful maiden who had never met the man and who was in love with another. Sir Giles, however, was rich and this did much to turn the head of Jane's father.
However Jane and her siblings come up with a plan to discredit Sir Giles. They discover he is superstitious and decide to suggest that their home is haunted by a vampire. Luckily for them, Sir Giles believes that he had been attacked by a vampire whilst in Poland. The assault is described thus: "at a convent near the town of Mersburg, in Poland, he had been attacked by a vampire, which had knocked out his teeth, beat his servants black and blue, stolen his books, his silver lantern, and drank all his wine." The idea that a vampire's attack might be more akin to a poltergeist than a blood drinker is consistent with some folklore. Sir Giles comes to believe that the vampire has followed him from Poland to Corsica.
The vampire is created by using ventriloquism and thrown voices to make the Knight believe it is haunting him (along with physical assault). This haunting voice calls "Pepopukin, Pepopukin!" to announce its presence and much of the lore we get in the story actually comes from some (rather clumsy in places) rhyming couplets the "vampire" recites. Within these couplets the vampire refers to himself as old Vampy.
Some of this lore is astounding, given when the story was published (and potentially written). One couplet goes:
The Alps beneath my wings I thrust,
And stain with blood the very dust.
This is a very early reference to both vampiric flight and the idea that the vampire would have wings and one cannot underestimate the importance of this.
I mentioned the poltergeist type activity of the vampire but they are still, in this story, bloodsuckers. Sir Giles is told, "these vampires are most terrific animals; they suck every drop of blood, after innumerable and excruciating torments". The attack might cause immediate death or the vampire may draw out the death. The vampire threatens to attack after he is married and then "suck his blood until he's dead." And suggests that "with his teeth, draw his black blood." A confirmation that the vampire bites his victims. Interestingly the author ties in another folkloric creature, and an energy vampire, the nightmare, suggesting that, "Sometimes on nightmare's backs I ride".
The final thing to mention is a ritual to try and "help" the knight, which involves drawing magical sigils that cause a blue-flame to rise. How the tricksters achieved this effect is never answered.
This story is interesting as it may well be the third English Language vampire story but also, to me, because it suggests the vampire has the power of flight and wings.
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How much data are required to validate a risk model?
Risk models are becoming increasingly important in health care, and are typically used to provide information to both clinicians and patients, and to facilitate fairer, risk-adjusted comparisons between healthcare providers. Despite the importance of these models, relatively little research has been conducted into how many patients are required to both develop a new risk model and validate an existing model. Risk models developed or validated using small datasets may be inaccurate which may have implications for patient care. The focus of my research is to ascertain the amount of data required to develop and validate a reliable risk model.