text:
At least four Caribbean Community (CARICOM) countries are to benefit from US$600 million in financing for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in Central America and the Caribbean over the next five years. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) says the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) will also contribute funds towards the projects.
The framework agreement was signed during the IDB's annual meeting on Friday between IDB president Luis Albert Moreno and JICA senior special advisor Hiroto Arakawa. The IDB said that Belize, Guyana, Jamaica and Suriname will benefit from the JICA financing as well as the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama.
"For more than 30 years, Japan has been a great partner of the IDB and, in particular, of our borrowing member countries," said Moreno, adding "this agreement is another example of Japan's efforts to help our region overcome key development challenges.
"This contribution, in addition to encouraging the adoption of climate-friendly energy investments, will support much needed mitigation measures to address the negative impacts of climate change among our most vulnerable nations in Central America and the Caribbean."
Arakawa noted that Central America and the Caribbean are at the core of JICA's agenda to address global climate change. "We count on the IDB's experience, knowledge and long-standing working relationship with the region to create a successful synergy in this effort," he said.
Under the agreement, the IDB and JICA have created two different co-financing schemes: joint-co-financing, in which the IDB will match the financing provided by JICA in each project; and parallel co-financing, in which each organization will separately finance specific components of an eligible project.
JICA will provide US$300 million in concessional financing for the facility, which could potentially mobilize another US$300 million from the IDB's own resources if all projects are financed under the joint co-financing scheme.


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According to the legend, in the year 840 the Virgin Mary would have appeared to a shepherd. However, it was not until the year 1102 that this sanctuary was mentioned in the charter of the Archbishop of Narbonne.
In 1120 after the return of the first crusade in the Holy Land the name of Nazareth is attributed to him. The Benedictine monks who founded the abbey of Saint-Agnan at the beginning of the XNUMXth century were certainly no strangers to the construction of the first chapel.
In 1789 during the Revolution, it then became a national property, was closed to worship. It was not until the beginning of the XNUMXth century that it again became the sanctuary we know today.
A 9 km walking path starting from Saint-Chinian will allow you to discover this remarkable site.
The Friends of Our Lady of Nazareth association offers guided tours by appointment. It also provides, on request, a room adjoining the chapel for a picnic in the event of bad weather.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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WSE Curriculum and Technology Night
Mrs. Lynn Nestor's first grade class used Flip video cameras to record each other's animal reports. The students worked together to operate the cameras and record their speeches. They also created visual aids to serve as the background.
Mrs. Susan Knight's third grade class used Photo Booth to record their food nutrition projects. First, they created Wordles to serve as the background. The class then wrote scripts to educate each other about different food groups and nutrition.
Mr. Chris Adam's fifth grade class used Keynote to record and symbolize poetry. The students selected their favorite poem to read and found pictures to symbolize the poem as they recited it.
Thanks to our computer technician, Mr. Matt Ritter and our Instructional Coach, Mrs. Jane Brennan, for working with the teachers and students to create such great projects!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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3D-printed parts from Thales Alenia Space in orbit
Thales Alenia Space has now sent into orbit 79 metal parts made by additive manufacturing.
With the recent launches of the Telkom 3S, SGDC, and KOREASAT-7 satellites, plus satellites in the Iridium Next constellation, Thales Alenia Space (Toulouse, France) has now sent into orbit 79 metal parts made by additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) and 350 polymer tube supports for chemical propulsion systems.
Additive manufacturing allows designing and manufacturing single-piece structures, as opposed to a conventional manufacturing approach, which entails assembly of several different parts to form a structure. The benefits are a significant reduction in weight and cost savings. The tube support illustrates the ability to replace several parts by a single-piece structure, while also introducing new functions.
In April 2015, the first 3D-printed aluminum antenna support was sent into orbit on the TurkmenAlem MonacoSat satellite. Since then, all of the company's telecommunications satellites use lightweight 3D-printed antenna supports and reflector fittings.
In mid-January 2017, with the successful launch of the first Iridium Next satellites, the company also sent into orbit satellites with propulsion system tube supports—the first flight application of thermoplastic additive manufacturing.
Next, the company plans to manufacture larger parts using this process, such as dual antenna supports for a new telecom satellite, to be launched shortly. These parts measure 480 x 378 x 364mm—a real challenge from a manufacturing standpoint.
For more information, please visit _URL_.


text:
6.69 x 8.66 inches
French-born artist Guy de Cointet is known for his text and sculptural works, which were often combined as props and stage sets in theatrical performance pieces. This compendium of his plays builds on publications from the last ten years, the result of collaborations between critics, researchers, and the Guy de Cointet Society. The position of his oeuvre today is vastly different in comparison to a decade ago, having emerged from obscurity, while a careful reading of the notebooks he kept throughout the 1970s until his death in 1983 has spurred new insights. Included is a wealth of archival material, such as photos of performances and rehearsals, invitation cards and press articles.


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Cover page: The Bear and the Wolverine face each other. The Wolverine has a paw on the Bear, as if he were speaking to him with great interest.
1. The Wolverine is on a tree branch. He looks at the Bear, in the distance, eating small red berries.
2. The Wolverine climbs down from the tree.
3. The Wolverine starts to speak to the Bear. The latter is eating the little red berries.
4. The Bear seems happy to look at the Wolverine. They look at a patch of small red berries.
5. We see two bears building a round tent.
6. A bear applies red berry juice to the Wolverine's eyes. They are inside the round tent. We also see round stones that are used to make steam in a sweatlodge.
7. The Bear and the Wolverine face each other. There is a bubble above the Wolverine in which we see branches and a stone. The Wolverine is explaining to the Bear how to build a round sweatlodge.
8. The Bear, standing up, holds a branch in his paws. He is getting ready to build a round tent. The sneaky Wolverine turns his back because he thinks what a good meal the Bear will make.
9. The Bear and the Wolverine are inside the round tent. They are sitting in front of a heap of stones.
10. Two people are sitting in a round tent in front of stones.
The wolverine is an omnivorous mammal, but mostly carnivorous. It looks like a small bear with a furry tail. Its fur is dense and does not retain water, allowing this animal to resist the severe cold of its habitat. It measures from 75 to 110 cm. It has a round, wide head, small eyes and short, rounded ears. Its paws are short and robust and each foot has five toes. Its long claws are curved and semi-retractile, so it can draw them in partially. These claws are used to climb and to dig. The wolverine has solid teeth, and can be recognised by its facemask and its furry tail. The wolverine is considered the most ferocious animal in the Far North.
Bears have dense fur, a short tail, a keen sense of smell and hearing and five non-retractile claws. Bears have big bodies and powerful members. On their hind paws, they walk upright, almost like humans. The have large paws, a long muzzle and round ears. They use their teeth for defence and as tools, and the teeth depend on the bear's diet. Bears use their claws to rip, dig and catch.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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PAW Scotland Twitter
Subscribe to newsletters
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Partnership Against Wildlife Crime Scotland (PAWS)
Wildlife crime can involve anything from poisoning a golden eagle to cracking open freshwater pearl mussels. Rare species are put at risk, more familiar ones, like the badger or deer, suffer cruel torture and death.
In fact, wildlife crime threatens a far greater range of creatures and plants than you might imagine, even damaging the environment on which they depend. In short, it's the illegal destruction and theft of animals, plants and habitats, both in the countryside and urban areas.
It damages Scotland's environment and its reputation and we have a duty to the rest of the world to look after our internationally important species and habitats.
The Partnership for Action Against Wildlife Crime in Scotland - PAW Scotland - includes the police, land managers, conservationists and the Scottish Government. We have come together to fight this crime against Scotland.
You can help
We want to give you as much information and advice as we can, to help you, to help us.
Hen Harrier Sighting? Please email _EMAIL_
Page updated: Tuesday, April 23, 2013


Apache Commons logo Apache Commons Exec
Building the command line
You have two ways to create the command line to be executed
 - parsing the entire command line string
 - building the command line incrementally
General Considerations
No matter which approach you are using commons-exec does change your command line arguments in the following two cases
 - when the executable contains forward or backward slashes
 - when a command line argument contains an unquoted string
The following executable arguments
will be translated under Windows to
Parsing the entire command line string
Parsing the command line string is easy to use but you might run into problems when tackling complex scenarios. Therefore this functionality was deprecated in the Ant Exec task.
Let's have a look at few examples you would like to stick to parsing entire command line strings
Spaces in command line arguments
Here we would like to invoke a batch file which contains spaces in the path
cmd.exe /C c:\was51\Web Sphere\AppServer\bin\versionInfo.bat
Due to the space in the file name we have to quote the file name either with single or double quotes otherwise it falls apart into two command line arguments c:\was51\Web and Sphere\AppServer\bin\versionInfo.bat.
String line = "cmd.exe /C 'c:\\was51\\Web Sphere\\AppServer\\bin\\versionInfo.bat'";
Building the Command Line Incrementally
This is the recommended approach and caters also for pre-quoted command line argument.
A simple example
Now we would like to build the following command line
runMemorySud.cmd 10 30 -XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:ParallelGCThreads=2
using the following code snippet
CommandLine cmdl = new CommandLine("runMemorySud.cmd");
A complex example
Now let's have a look at the following command line found somewhere in the internet
dotnetfx.exe /q:a /c:"install.exe /l ""\Documents and Settings\myusername\Local Settings\Temp\netfx.log"" /q"
The following code snippet builds the command line using pre-quoted arguments and variable expansion
File file = new File("/Documents and Settings/myusername/Local Settings/Temp/netfx.log");
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("FILE", file);
cmdl = new CommandLine("dotnetfx.exe");
cmdl.addArgument("/q:a", false);
cmdl.addArgument("/c:\"install.exe /l \"\"${FILE}\"\" /q\"", false);
For the Desperate
When crafting a command line it would be really helpful to see what happens to your command line arguments. The following scripts can be invoked to print your command line arguments for Unix
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
 echo "$1"
and for Windows
IF [%1]==[] GOTO Continue
 _USER_ "%1"


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Texas State Senator Jane Nelson, R-Flower Mound, announced this week plans for legislation to strengthen the state's mental health system, according to a news release from Nelson's office.
"Especially in light of recent tragedies, we need to expand our efforts to connect individuals with mental health issues to the services they need," Nelson said.
Nelson's bill would create an association to help coordinate state mental health initiatives across Texas' health-related institutions of higher education, and it would establish the Child Psychiatry Access Program, which would allow pediatricians to consult with psychiatry hubs at Texas medical schools, according to the news release.
Texas universities are already engaged in several behavioral health projects, and the association mentioned above would create a framework by which the institutions can share best practices and collaborate on research, psychiatry workforce issues, telemedicine and other needs, the news release said.
"By harnessing the expertise of our medical schools, we can spur research and innovate solutions to difficult challenges we face with improving statewide access to mental health services," Nelson said.
Despite additional funding to graduate medical education, Texas and its growing population face serious shortages in the mental health workforce, particularly in child psychiatry, according to the news release. CPAP will create hubs of on-call psychiatrists, therapists and other providers who will be available for consultations with Texas pediatricians.
"These hubs will help triage the need for child psychiatry and better equip pediatricians to meet the needs of their patients," Nelson said.
The state of Texas is projected to spend nearly $8 billion on behavioral health services statewide in fiscal years 2018-19.


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The Porcupine Mountains rise from the shore of Lake Superior in the far western Upper Peninsula of Michigan. They are not remarkably high by some standards but for this part of the midwest they represent some of the most rugged terrain around. The "Porkies," as they are known by locals, are actually a series of three ridges that lie parallel to the shoreline. The mountains are preserved within the borders of Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park.
The first ridge rises 1000 feet directly from Lake Superior to a maximum elevation of around 1600 feet. The lake-side of the escarpment rises steeply but gradually while the south side is a 300-500 foot cliff overlooking the Big Carp River valley and the famous Lake of the Clouds.
The second ridge is a bit higher, reaching an elevation of 1850 feet at Government Peak. Again, the north slope of this ridge is gradual but steep. The south side however does not drop off like its neighboring ridge to the north. the two Mirror Lake sit in this high valley at about 1500 feet in elevation.
The third, and southernmost, ridge is the highest. The height of land is known as Summit Peak and it is the 3rd highest point in Michigan at 1958 feet. Climb the 50 foot observation tower at the summit, however, and you will be standing higher than even Michigan highpoint Mt. Arvon. Summit Peak does command an impressive view but does not rise from its surroundings as drastically as the ridges to the north because the terrain here averages around 1500 feet in elevation.
Getting ThereThe Porkies are accessed most often from the south so that is how I'll describe how to get there. The two roads leading into the park from the south both begin off State Highway M-28. This highway runs the length of the Upper Peninsula. The majority of people entering the UP come from either Lower Michigan, through the Green Bay, Wisconsin area, or from the west (the Duluth area).
FROM LOWER MICHIGAN: After crossing the Mackinac Bridge take the second exit past the toll booth and head west on US-2. Drive about 45 miles and turn north (right) onto M-117. You will follow this road for 13 miles until it reaches M-28. Turn left (west). It is approx. a 5 hour drive west on M-28 from this point to the east access road to the park, M-64.
FROM GREEN BAY: Head north on US-141. Follow US-141 north 160 miles until it reaches M-28 at the small crossroads town of Covington. Turn left (west) and follow M-28 53 miles to Bergland where you can turn north onto M-64 towards the parks eastern access point.
FROM DULUTH: Follow US-2 115 miles across northern Wisconsin and then 11 miles into the U.P. M-28 heads left here at the town of Wakefield. After only a mile or two you can turn north onto County Road 519 which provides access to the west side of the park.
The South Boundary Road is a narrow, winding road that serves as the only connector from one side of the park to the other.
The Porcupine Mountains are located entirely within the State Park boundaries and there is an entrance fee in the form of a vehicle pass which must be purchased before entry. As of 2005 the state park pass fees were $6 for the day or $24 ($8 and $29 for non-residents). If you decide to purchase a yearly pass it is good for entry into any of Michigans State Parks. In addition to this anyone who plans on camping in the backcountry must register at the Visitors Center and pay an additional small per-night usage fee.
The trails within the park are open year-round. November 15th marks the beginning of a 16-day firearm deer season in Michigan so it is not reccomended that hikers use the trails during those times.
Also, South Boundary Road is used as a snowmobile route in the winter and as such not plowed. There are no set dates when the road is plowed until and snow can be expected anytime between mid-November and April.
When To Go
The Porcupine Mountains recieve the bulk of thier annual visitors between May and October, aka when there is no (or little) chance of snow. However, from mid-May to as late as early July you will have to deal with blackfly season, so be prepared. July and August are usually quite mild with temps in the upper 70's at inland points. Near Lake Superior the temps can be as much as 20 degrees cooler! Frosts and the color change begin in September and as the colors peak late in the month there is a small spike in visitors, but not bad. I like October for hiking because of the cool to crisp days and the extended views that the fallen foliage allow.
Winter is an experience unto itself. Snow usually starts falling in mid-November and is on the ground for good in mid-December. Due to the proximity of Lake Superior and the steep terrain it is not uncommon for the Porkies to see 300 inches or more of the white stuff in a winter. By late February 3 feet or more of snow usually covers the ground. Access is limited to the east and west ends of the park however so in the winter the backcountry is all that much more remote.
The PeaksThe main peaks in the park lie along the Escarpment Ridge, as well as Government Peak and Summit Peak.
| The Escarpment (~1400') || |
The Escarpment is easily the most popular destination in the Porkies as there is a paved road that runs along and to the top of it. It rises to a maximum elevation of about 1600 feet at Cuyahoga Peak but averages about 1400 feet. It runs for about 8 miles from one end to the other. Two trails run its length. They are the Escarpment Trail and the Big Carp River Trail. The road runs well behind and below the ridge, ending at a parking area for the immensely popular Lake of the Clouds Overlook. From this overlook the Escarpment Trail departs east for 4 miles. You can also access the trail from a number of points along the access road. The Big Carp Trail runs west for 2 scenic miles before it abruptly drops of the escarpment. You would be hard pressed to find more dramatic views in Michigan than what are afforded you from the edge of the Escarpment cliffs. The trails hug the edge for most of the way giving you outstanding views of Lake of the Clouds and the Big Carp River Valley. Blocking views farthur south, though, is the long, high ridge of Government Peak.
| Government Peak (1850') ||Government Peak is the high point of a massive ridge that all but divides the park in two. Standing on the Escarpment the ridge blocks all views south and standing on Summit Peak it blocks all views north. Government Peak is the true "heart" of the Porkies. To reach the summit you must hike a minimum of 5.5 miles ONE WAY. The Government Peak Trail runs along the eastern half of the ridge, passing the peak along the way. It is the only trail that passes over it. The shortest route, mentioned above, is from the south via the South Mirror Lake and Government Peak Trails. The South Mirror Lake Trail is Accessed from the Summit Peak Parking Area. You can also follow the Government Peak Trail in its entirety from where it begins off M-107 (the escarpment access road). This is about a 6 mile hike. Because of its central location a number of other trails intersect the Government Peak Trail but, due to distances, would primarily be overnight routes to the summit.|
| Summit Peak (1958') ||Summit Peak is the highest point in the Porcupine Mountains and 3rd highest in Michigan. However, it does not stand out like one may think. Rising from the surrounding 1500 foot plateau only a little more than 300 feet neither the hike up from the north or the drive up from the south could truly be classified as steep. The views from the top, with the help of a 50 foot tower, are spectacular however. The bulk of the Government Peak Ridge rises just to the north, obscuring views, but all around elsewhere stretches the forested Western Upper Peninsula. Views on a clear day are in excess of 50 miles and, even though it lacks the rugged beauty of some mountain views, the dense green canopy, unbroken by road or building is beautiful to behold. As mentioned before an access road snakes its way north from the South Boundary Road to a parking area just below the summit. The South Mirror Lake Trail descends north from the summit on its way north over the Government Peak Ridge, past Lake of the Clouds, and up the Escarpment 6 miles distant. Also descending off the summit is the 2 mile Beaver Creek Trail which joins the Little Carp River Trail 9.5 miles above its terminus at Lake Superior.|
The Grand Tour
The following is a suggested route to follow if you have a few days to spend in the Porkies and want to hit all the major peaks in the park. It is, at a minimum, a 3 day trek possibly more based on your preference. I will just include distances, you can determine the time you wish to take. Well, here goes...
-Park your vehicle at the parking area for Summit Peak. You could hit the peak right away but I suggest leaving it for the end so you can truly "climb" it and more fully appreciate the views you will take in at the


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You are here
Coarse sea salt
Guérande coarse sea salt has always been hand-harvested using traditional methods and is well known for its culinary virtues. It is naturally grey as it crystallises on contact with the clay from which it takes its high trace element content. Less salty than Mediterranean salt, Guérande salt is softer on the palate and richer in flavour which makes it the salt that cooks prefer for salting stocks and the water used for cooking vegetables, and also for barbecues and meat and fish cooked in a salt crust. Unwashed, unrefined and additive-free, it adds flavour to traditional family cooking.
Coarse salt is harvested every day in summer when mild weather combines wind and sun on the Guérande peninsula. In the late afternoon, under the effect of evaporation, the salt is concentrated to a level of to 250 g/l, when it then crystallises and is deposited on the clay in the "œillets". The salt worker uses a wide wooden rake known as a "las" to push the salt to the edges of the pond. He then pulls it on to the "ladure", a round platform made of clay, where it is left for the night to drain. Next day, the salt worker uses a wooden wheelbarrow to carry the 60 kg of salt per "œillet" to the large stockpile of salt known as the "mulon".


text: Lang and I worked on the Comet Holmes project more today. We encountered an interesting issue when we tried to marginalize out the time at which an image was taken: If you think an image was taken of a comet (and we do), and you don't know either the orbit of the comet or the time at which the image was taken (and we don't, by construction), then you are inclined to infer a slowly-moving comet! This comes from the fact that the only sensible likelihood (probability of the image given the comet parameters) involves a marginalization over times, and more time gets into each image the slower the comet goes. A slow comet is a distant comet, and that is a less observable (and less likely to be observed) comet, so we are doing something wrong, but it is not trivial to find a principled solution to this one. Bayesians out there? This is a general issue for all parametric curve fitting is it not?


Home > The Law >
Double Tax Agreements
Bilateral agreements to make no-one worse off
In the income tax area, agreements between two countries are known as Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs). They are designed to prevent double taxation for cross border transactions, meaning: nobody who has income from other countries should be worse off than people who earn money and pay taxes in their country of residence. It provides taxpayers with an at least equal, sometimes even better treatment than they would get under a country's domestic law.
Andrew Smith, an international tax expert from Victoria University in Wellington, describes DTAs as a "shield, not a sword". He says: "Double Tax Agreements cannot create a tax liability when there is no underlying provision in the domestic law of one of the states."
Depending on the individual agreement, overseas income or a portion of this income might be taxed in the country where the money is paid; in this case the already taxed income can be deducted from the tax debt in the country of residence. In other cases you can obtain exemptions from paying taxes overseas and have to declare the complete overseas income in your country of residence and pay full tax there.
No Double Taxation Agreement is like the other
Another important factor is in which country you spend most time, meaning: you might have to pay taxes in New Zealand only if you reside there more than 183 days in the tax year. There are scores of variants that cannot be dealt with in detail in this article.
It is only meant to show that you have to study the Double Taxation Agreement New Zealand has with the specific country you earn money in. The rules can be complicated, so speak to Inland Revenue (IRD) and/or a tax consultant, specialising in international taxation.
Those DTAs also include regulations about the taxation of overseas pensions - and they could not be more different and more complicated.
The first problem already arises because of the nature of overseas pensions: Are these pensions universal state pensions? Are they state pensions for civil servants? Are they contributory pensions? And finally, has the respective overseas state a Social Security Agreement (SSA) with New Zealand?
International agreements override domestic law
Whereas most overseas countries have Double Taxation Agreements with New Zealand and they generally work well, only eight states have Social Security Agreements with New Zealand (and we would not count Jersey and Guernsey as independent states) as a reaction to New Zealand's treatment of overseas pensions. SSAs are dreaded because they can make a retiree worse off than if he/she was treated under domestic law.
No DTA has much resemblance to any other, so study the section about pensions carefully. It can mean a lot of money.
At the Overseas Pensions Forum in Auckland in 2010, for example, we found out by coincidence that New Zealand's IRD has been taxing German pensions for years and years, although only certain state pensions for civil servants are taxable in New Zealand. The DTA between these countries clearly states that only the state that pays the pension can tax it, in this case: Germany.
As an excuse for the IRD workers who breached this DTA we would accept that it is impossible to know each DTA by heart. But a serious question must be raised, as to why IRD's software is not designed to automatically exempt German pensions from taxation.
Read "your" DTA and apply for reassessment when laws were breached
As a reaction to this "news" - which is, of course, not a new regulation as the DTA dates back to 1980 - several pensioners with German pensions went to IRD and applied for a reassessment of their tax returns.
We have heard of several cases where applicants got overpaid taxes back. (But also of one case where the chartered accountant hired by an affected pensioner did not understand the DTA...) The relevant information can be found on page 21 of an IRD Tax Information Bulletin from September 1995.
There is no way to apply domestic law - which in New Zealand means that pensions (NZ Super) are taxed -, as international law, in this case the DTA, overrides national law.
Read the DTA New Zealand has signed with Canada, and you will find a lot more text written in far more complicated legalese. Fact is that New Zealand can tax Canadian pensions, and Canada can tax amounts higher than C$ 10,000 a year. Plus more detailed regulations...
The DTA with the USA says that the state of residence (in this case: New Zealand) has the right to tax purely employer-funded pensions. The employer/employee-funded pension (US Social Security), however, is considered a government pension which can only be taxed at source in the USA and not in New Zealand.
We surely are willing to publish the chapters about the taxation of overseas pensions New Zealand has with other countries on this page. So if you have these paragraphs available, please send them to us - including a translation into plain English, so we can have a look and double-check them.
Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs)
With Germany:
With Canada:
Article 17
1. Pensions and annuities arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph 2, be taxable only in that other State.
2. Pensions and annuities arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may also be taxed in the State in which they arise, and according to the laws of that State in any taxation year or income year where they exceed the sum of 10,000 Canadian dollars in that year; provided that the tax so charged shall not exceed
a) In the case of pensions, the lesser of
(i) 15 percent of the gross amount of the payment, and
(ii) the rate determined by reference to the amount of tax that the recipient of the payment would otherwise be required to pay for the year on the total amount of the payment received by him in the year, if he were a resident in the Contracting State in which the payment arises.
b) In the case of annuities other than payments of any kind under an income-averaging annuity contract, 15 percent of the amount of the payment or payments that are subject to tax in that State.
3. The competent authorities of the Contracting State may, if necessary, agree to modify the sum mentioned in paragraph 2 as a result of monetary or economic developments.
4. In this Article the term "annuities" means stated sums payable periodically at stated times, during life or during a specified or ascertainable period of time, under an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or moneys worth.
Article 18 of the Double Taxation Agreement with the USA
Article 18 - Pensions
1. Paragraph 1(a) gives the State of residence exclusive right to tax pensions where they are paid in consideration of past employment. However, this Article does not cover Government pensions for services rendered which are dealt with in Article 192..
Paragraph 1(b) states that pensions and other payments made under the social security legislation are taxable only in the country paying them, ie, State of source.
A resident of New Zealand receives a pension from a previous employer who is a resident of the United States. He also receives a social security pension from the United States Government. The tax position is as follows:
 - the pension from the United States employer will be subject to tax solely in New Zealand as the country of residence and will be exempt in the United States;
 - the pension from the United States Government will be taxed at source in the United States and will be exempt from tax in New Zealand.
2. Paragraph 2 gives the State of residence exclusive right to tax annuities.
Signposts at Cape Reinga
No NZ tax on pensions from Finland, France, Germany, the Philippines and the USA
According to its guide IR257 on "Overseas pension and annuity schemes" from May 2016 the IRD states on page 27 that:
"In a very small number of cases, New Zealand has no right to tax pension income and the income shouldn't be included in your New Zealand tax return.
This applies, for example:
 - to social security pensions from Finland, France, Germany (Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund), the Philippines, and the United States of America, and/or
 - war pensions from France and Germany.
Update 17.06.2019
Hongkong added to list
Just stumbled over the DTA with Hongkong which says that only the country that pays the pension can tax it. This means: New Zealand cannot tax Hongkong pensions - only indirectly steal them...
Apply for a re-assessment of your tax returns
Request a re-assessment of your tax returns if your overseas pension comes from one of the above mentioned countries and if they were taxed in New Zealand. Only lately - winter/spring 2016 - several pensioners whose US Social Security pensions had been taxed in New Zealand - have received impressive refunds for overpaid taxes from IRD.
Quote page 27 in the above mentioned IRD guide IR257 pm "Overseas pension and annuity schemes" from May 2016 when you apply for a re-assessment, as well as the relevant article of the Double Taxation Agreement that applies to you (for Germany and the USA


text:
Hexagonal prism 2
The regular hexagonal prism has a surface of 140 cm2 and height of 5 cm. Calculate its volume.
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Determine the discriminant of the equation:?
- Evaluation of expressions
If a2-3a+1=0, find (i)a2+1/a2 (ii) a3+1/a3
The product of two consecutive odd numbers is 8463. What are this numbers?
- Perimeter of RT
Find the circumference of the rectangular triangle if the sum of its legs is 22.5 cm and its area is 62.5 cm2.
- Quadratic equation
Solve quadratic equation: 2x2-58x+396=0
- Holidays - on pool
Children's tickets to the swimming pool stands x € for an adult is € 2 more expensive. There was m children in the swimming pool and adults three times less. How many euros make treasurer for pool entry?
- Theorem prove
We want to prove the sentence: If the natural number n is divisible by six, then n is divisible by three. From what assumption we started?
- The farmer
The farmer would like to first seed his small field. The required amount depends on the seed area. Field has a triangular shape. The farmer had fenced field, so he knows the lengths of the sides: 119, 111 and 90 meters. Find a suitable way to determine th
Determine the coefficient of this sequence: 7.2; 2.4; 0.8


_{s s'} \delta^{(3)}(\vec p -\vec p') \).
Third homework assignment: Use the commutation relations $$ [ a_i(\pmb p), a^\dagger_j(\pmb p') ] = \delta_{i j} \, \delta^3( \pmb p - \pmb p'), \qquad [ a_i(\pmb p), a_j(\pmb p') ] = 0, \qquad [ a^\dagger_i(\pmb p), a^\dagger_j(\pmb p') ] = 0 $$ for \( i,j = 1,2 \) to derive the commutation relations for the complex operators $$ a(\pmb p) = ( a_1(\pmb p) + i a_2(\pmb p) )/\sqrt{2} \quad \mbox{and} \quad b(\pmb p) = ( a_1(\pmb p) - i a_2(\pmb p) )/\sqrt{2} $$ and their adjoints. Due Thursday 20 September.
Fourth homework assignment: Gamma matrices obey the anticommutation relations \begin{equation} \{ \gamma^a , \gamma^b \} ={} 2 \, \eta^{a b} . \end{equation} Define the matrices \( \mathcal{J}^{a b} \) as \begin{equation} \mathcal{J}^{a b} ={} - \frac{i}{4} \, [ \gamma^a , \gamma^b ] . \end{equation} Show that \begin{equation} [ \mathcal{J}^{a b}, \gamma^c ] ={} -i \, \gamma^a \, \eta^{ b c} + i \, \gamma^b \, \eta^{ a c} . \end{equation} Due Tuesday 2 October.
Fifth homework assignment: The hamiltonian for a free real field \begin{equation} \phi(x) ={} \int \frac{d^3 p}{\sqrt{(2\pi)^3 2p^0}} \Big[ a(p) e^{i p \cdot x} + a^\dagger(p) e^{-i p \cdot x} \Big] \label {free real field} \end{equation} is \begin{equation} H ={} \frac{1}{2} \int \pi^2(x) + (\nabla \phi(x))^2 + m^2 \phi^2(x) \, d^3x \label {H} \end{equation} where \( \pi(x) ={} \dot \phi(x) \) is the momentum conjugate to the field. Show that \begin{equation} H ={} \int d^3p \, \sqrt{\vec p^2 + m^2} \, \Big( a^\dagger(p) a(p) + \frac{1}{2} \delta^3( \vec 0) \Big) . \label {H =} \end{equation}
Due to my misstatement of the problem, HW5 will be due on Tuesday 30 October.
Sixth homework assignment: Derive the second and third terms in the amplitude for boson-boson scattering, equation (53) of sw6.pdf. Follow the method outlined 30-50 minutes into my lecture of 16 October. Due Thursday 1 November.
Seventh homework assignment: Show that Belinfante's energy-momentum tensor (3.49) is symmteric. Due Thursday 8 November.
Eighth homework assignment: For the theory of spin-zero bosons with Lagrange density $$ L ={} \frac{1}{2} \left[ \partial_a \phi \partial^a \phi - m^2 \phi^2 \right] - \frac{g}{4!} \phi^4 , $$ to lowest order in the coupling constant \(g\) find the differential and total cross-sections for the scattering of bosons with momenta \( p \) and \( k \) into momenta \( p' \) and \( k' \). Due Thursday 6 December 2018.
Ninth homework assignment: Read section ( 6.2) of the Class notes on the abelian Higgs mechanism. What are the masses of the particles of the two scalar fields in the theory with lagrangian (6.5)? What are the masses of the physical fields of the theory with lagrangian (6.11)? The equation numbers refer to those of the Class notes. Due Thursday 13 December 2018.
Extra-credit problem: Find a group whose structure constants are imaginary or complex. Videos of lectures of 523 for 2018.
Lecture one: The very few, very basic principles of quantum field theory: quantum mechanics, special relativity, and the simplest implementation of the concepts of field and particle. Basic ideas of quantum mechanics and of Lie groups. Structure constants.
Video of first lecture.
Lecture two: Structure constants of the rotation group and of the Lorentz group. Demonstration of the structure constants of the rotation group. Representations of the Lorentz group.
Video of lecture 2.
Lecture three: How the quantum states of particles transform under Lorentz transformations. The little group. How the states of massive particles transform under Lorentz transformations. The little group for massive particles. The little group for massless particles is ISO(2).
Video of lecture 3.
Lecture 4: The Wigner rotation \(W\) of a Lorentz transformation \(\Lambda\) that is a rotation, i.e., \( \Lambda = R\), is the rotation \(R\), that is, \( W = R\). The little group for massless particles. A word about representations of the group of translations. Creation and annihilation operators. States of many particles. The S matrix. Normal ordering.
Video of lecture 4.
Lecture 5: How fields transform under Lorentz transformations and translations. (Much of this material will be done more clearly in lecture 6. See the notes on section 5.1 above.) Why certain quantities are Lorentz invariant.
Video of lecture 5.
Lecture 6: How fields transform under Lorentz transformations and translations. States. Creation and annihilation operators. How fields transform. Translations. Boosts. Rotations.
Video of lecture 6.
Lecture 7: How fields transform under Lorentz transformations and translations. Conditions on spinors from Poincaré covariance under translations, boosts, and rotations. Application to spin-zero fields. Why spin-zero fields describe bosons.
Video of lecture 7.
Lecture 8: Review of particles and antiparticles as arising from two fields of the same kind having the same mass. Example of the interaction of a spin-zero charged boson with the electromagnetic field. How the process \( a + b \to \gamma + \gamma\) can arise. The commutation relations of charged fields with the charge operator. Parity for charged spin-zero fields. The parity of a state of a spin-zero boson and its antiparticle is even, i.e., positive. Why the way fields transform under rotations is related to their statistics.
Video of lecture 8.
Lecture 9: How scalar fields transform under charge conjugation and time reversal. How massive vector fields transform under Lorentz transformations and translations and how that leads to explicit formulas for their spinors.
Video of lecture 9.
Lecture 10: How massive vector fields transform under Lorentz transformations and translations and how that leads to explicit formulas for their spinors. Expansion of field of a spin-one boson. The spin-statistics theorem for spin-one bosons. The battery failed ater 55 minutes.
Video of lecture 10.
Lecture 11: The Lorentz group and its (1/2,1/2) representation. Clifford algebras. Dirac matrices.
Video of lecture 11.
Lecture 12: Derivation of formulas for Dirac spinors. Spin-statistics theorem for spin-one-half particles.
Video of lecture 12.
Lecture 13: Rest of derivation of formulas for Dirac spinors. Spin-statistics theorem for spin-one-half particles. Parity of Majorana neutrinos.
Video of lecture 13.
Lecture 14: Dyson's expansion of the S matrix. First steps to Feynman diagrams.
Video of lecture 14.
Lecture 15: Time-dependent perturbation theory. A real scalar field that interacts with itself cubically. Lowest-order scattering of 2 bosons into 2 bosons. In 2d-order perturbation theory, there are 3 amplitudes which we add together. The Feynman propagator for scalar fields.
Video of lecture 15.
Lecture 16: The Feynman propagator for spin-one-half fields. More about the \(\phi^3\) theory and 2-to-2 scattering.
Video of lecture 16.
Lecture


text: Second step in creating a new synthesis protocol. The second step in creating a new synthesis protocol is to define a series of unit operations that describe the synthesis steps and then configure the parameters associated with each individual unit operation. (a) Key fields in the program editing screen. (b) Each unit operation has a small number of relevant parameters the user can configure. (c) A list view allows the user to choose a value for parameters that have a number of possible options (e.g. reactor, reagent).


text:
You'll need to be using an Apple device (Mac, iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch) and the device's OS (operating system) needs to support the use of AirPlay.
1. Turn on the projector/tv and choose the appropriate input for the Apple TV/AirPlay.
2. Connect to Westside's wi-fi network and make sure Bluetooth is on.
3. Choose to AirPlay from your device.
-Click on the AirPlay menu icon in your menubar (near the date/time and wi-fi icon). The AirPlay menu icon looks like a rectangle with an up-arrow at the bottom. If you don't see the AirPlay menu icon then open your System Preferences, click the Displays icon, and checkmark the box at the bottom for "show mirroring..". If you're using MacOS 11 or newer then open the System Preferences, then open the Dock & Menu Bar settings, click on Screen Mirroring from the left-hand column, checkmark the box to "Show in Menu Bar" and select "always" from the drop-down box.
-select the name of the Apple TV you want to connect to (the name will be displayed on the projector/tv screen)
-use the options in the AirPlay menu if you want to change between mirroring your screen or using the AirPlay screen as an extended desktop screen.
-depending on how old your device is you'll either swipe up from the bottom of the screen or down from the upper-right corner to open the Control Center
-choose Screen Mirroring (Might also say AirPlay)
-select the name of the Apple TV you want to connect to (the name will be displayed on projector/tv screen)
4. Enter the AirPlay passcode seen on the projector/tv screen if your device asks for it.
5. When done using AirPlay disconnect from AirPlay using the AirPlay menu on a Mac or the Control Center on an iOS device.
Problems? - Quit (not just close) any app/application that you don't need running during AirPlay use. If you must use Chrome, limit the number of tabs you have open in Chrome.


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Difference between revisions of "Partial Panoramas using ROI in PTViewer"
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Revision as of 17:39, 8 December 2007
If you have a panorama that is not fully 360�x180�, and you still want to use PTViewer to immerse your audience into your panorama, there are a few methods to do that.
You can expand your Panorama with blank space around, and use the normal way of displaying a panorama in PTViewer. The disadvantage of this is that if you put this picture online, the download times can be significantly longer because of all the blank space.
To avoid this, it is possible to use a Region Of Interest picture (ROI) to display the panorama. This will only download the partial panorama. We will have to tell PTViewer where to place the picture, and how far the user may pan left and right, and how much they can tilt up and down.
Note this is not an explanation of the syntax of PTViewer, rather a tutorial on how to calculate the different parameters. For the syntax on PTViewer you can visit : PTViewer Documentation
From the ROI picture we need to get some basic information :
- Width in pixels (ROI Width) 800 px
- Height in pixels (ROI Height) 541 px
- Position of the horizon from the top of the picture (Horizon pos) 227 px
The picture must have equirectangular projection
From the stitcher we should be able to get the Horizontal Field of View (HFOV). In this case 160�
From these 4 numbers we should be able to calculate the parameters necessary for PTViewer to display a partial panorama.
Calculating the parameters for PTViewer
Since we know the ROI Width of the picture as well as the Horizontal Field of View (HFOV), we can calculate the field of view for 1 pixel. In this case
160� / 800 pixels = 0.2�/px
We need this number to convert from pixels to degrees and vice versa. You need an accuracy of a couple of decimals otherwise it won't work.
The objective is to place the ROI picture inside the 360�x180� panorama with the horizon in the ROI image over the horizontal 0� line of the pano, and the middle of the ROI image in the middle of the panorama.
pwidth and pheight
To do that we first need to calculate the total size of the panorama image, of which the ROI image is a part of. The calculation is done by using the number of degrees per pixel. Since we know the degrees, we can calculate the number of pixels.
Panorama Width (Pwidth) = 360� / 0.2�/px = 1800 px Panorama Height (Pheigth) = 180� / 0.2/px = 900 px
x and y insertion point
To calculate the x and y position of the insertion point (the point where the picture needs to be placed) we can take half of the panorama height and subtracting the horizon position in the ROI.
Y position of the insertion point = 900px/2 � 227px = 223px
Similarly we can calculate the x offset. In most circumstances, you either don�t know, or don�t care about the direction the picture was taken. In that case it is good practice to place the ROI in the middle of the large pano where 0� is the middle of the picture. You can do this by taking half of the total panorama width and subtracting half the size of the picture
X position of the insertion point = 1800px/2 � 800px/2 = 500 px
panmin, panmax, tiltmin and tiltmax
To limit the freedom the user has in moving around your pano, you want to restrict the pan and tilt angles. To calculate this is relatively easy with the information we have gathered above. The pan and tilt angles are calculated in degrees.
Because the ROI is horizontally in the middle, you may pan half the width of the image to the left and right, converted to degrees.
Minimum pan = -800px/2 * 0.2�/px = -80� Maximum pan = 800px/2 * 0.2�/px = 80�
The minimum tilt is calculated as the height of the ROI minus the position of the horizon, converted to degrees.
Minimum tilt = -(541px � 227px) * 0.2�/px = -62.8� => -62�
The maximum tilt is calculated as the position of the horizon, converted to degrees.
Maximum tilt = 227px * 0.2�/px = 45.4� => 45�
Because ptviewer does not take fractions of degrees, you throw away the fraction.
Using these numbers in PTViewer should give you a good partial panorama. If you see blank space at the edges of the panorama, you may want to make a 1 degree change to the minimum and maximum pan and tilt untill it does not show up anymore.
To see how these calculations translate in HTML code, the above sample could result in the following HTML code :

If all these computations give you a headache, you can use the following form. Just input your data and it will generate the applet HTML code with all the correct parameters. Enjoy!


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- Key Points
- Care & Tips
This time choose a gift that is not just green but is also a flowering plant. This combo of trio plant combo would surely help you set some major GO GREEN goals for the person, who is not into planting and stuff. Grab these beautiful plants with yet beautiful planters, in which they come in.# Most kalanchoe plants have large, thick, and succulent leaves, and numerous stems.
Indoor Avoid Direct Sunlight
Height 6 Inches
Watering Two to three times a week
Scientific Name Kalanchoe
- Keep out of direct sunlight.
- These plants require minimal watering.
- Add the fertiliser annually to the soil.
- The image is indicative in nature. As plants are natural products, shape and size may be of varying scale.
- For flowering plants, the flower can be fully bloomed, semi bloomed or in bud stage.
- It will be delivered around the estimated time of delivery mentioned by our courier partners.


The Navajo Sign
Fate, time, and destiny have a way of balancing the scales set off-kilter by the actions of the greedy, whose desires are driven by a never satisfied lust to have more. Sky Tipio, a budding young Navajo artist living near Silver City, New Mexico, unwittingly uses ancient secret signs and symbols found in his grandparent's bedroom and weaves them into his latest painting. Unknown to him, these signs and symbols relate to the 160-year-old legend of the lost gold of the Sierra Estrella Mountains.
This seemingly inconsequential act of his sets into motion a chain of events that will ultimately take him and his grandfather, along with his older brother Naiche, deep into ancient tribal beliefs, customs, and mysteries. However, they will not be the only ones who are pulled into the depths of the legend, which serves as the trip wire to an explosive trek into tribal mysteries that are thousands of years old. Together they become voyagers on a trip into their ancestors' past, a past that may one day lead to man's future, not only here but also among the stars.
by D.B. Lawhon
In stores now!


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CHAMBERSBURG, Pa. —Chambersburg Civil War Seminars and Tours donated $6,500 for battlefield preservation on Oct. 2, presenting $5,000 to Antietam National Battlefield and $1,500 to the Save Historic Antietam Foundation.
The Greater Chambersburg Chamber of Commerce offers the seminars with co-founder Ted Alexander. The money was raised through the auction of Civil War books and other memorabilia at a July seminar about the Battle of Antietam, as well as other fundraising efforts, according to a news release.
The seminars have raised more than $150,000 for battlefield preservation since their inception in 1989, and have attracted thousands of tourists from throughout the United States, Canada and other nations, the news release stated.
In the past decade, other recipients of preservation funds include Friends of the Monterey Pass Battlefield Inc., Gettysburg (Pa.) Foundation/Museum and Visitor Center, Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Association, Adams County Historical Society, Civil War Preservation Trust, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, Shenandoah Battlefield Association, Sons of Confederate Veterans, Museum of the Confederacy, Brandy Station Foundation, Falling Waters Battlefield Association, National Firearms Museum and National Museum of Civil War Medicine.
In addition, two scholarships are offered each year in July so a teacher and student can attend the largest Civil War seminar of the year tuition-free.
For more information about the Civil War seminars, call _PHONE_ or go to _URL_.
The seminars/tours in 2013 will be:
- "Chancellorsville," May 17 to 19, with tours led by historians Ed Bearss, Robert Krick and others
- "Gettysburg and Beyond," July 23 to 28, with historians Ed Bearss, Jeffry Wert, Lance Herdegen, Richard Sommers, J.D. Petruzzi, Dennis Frye and others. Tours include Pickett's Charge, the Iron Brigade at Gettysburg, the Texas Brigade, Civilian Gettysburg, off-the-beaten-path sites, Early's advance to the Susquehanna, the retreat and the Battle of Monterey Pass.
- "The Cavalry at Gettysburg," Oct. 4 to 6, with historians Ed Bearss, Eric Wittenberg, Jeffry Wert and others. Tours include the east cavalry field, Farnsworth's attack and Buford's cavalry.


approach to detecting anomalies and assessing corrosion, CMI empowers stakeholders to make informed decisions, prioritize maintenance, and allocate resources effectively, ensuring the longevity and reliability of their infrastructure.
The future of pipeline inspection lies in technologies that can adapt to the evolving demands of the industry while offering solutions that are both economically viable and environmentally responsible. CMI represents a significant leap toward achieving these goals, setting new benchmarks for what is possible in pipeline integrity management.
Take the Next Step with EMPIT
If your operations involve pipelines considered challenging or impossible to inspect with traditional methods, it's time to explore what CMI can do for you. Don't let the term 'unpiggable' limit your maintenance strategies or compromise your pipeline's safety and efficiency. Reach out to our EMPIT experts today, and let us show you how our cutting-edge CMI technology can secure your unpiggable pipelines, enhance your operational safety, and optimize your maintenance budgets.
Discover the full potential of your pipeline assets and take a proactive stance towards their integrity and safety. Contact EMPIT now to schedule a consultation and see firsthand how our innovative solutions can transform your pipeline inspections.
Empower your pipeline management with EMPIT's expertise and ensure your infrastructure's safety, reliability, and longevity. Reach out to us, and together, let's redefine the standards of pipeline integrity assessment for a safer, more efficient future.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is Current Magnetometry Inspection (CMI)?
CMI is a non-invasive pipeline inspection technology that uses advanced electromagnetic survey techniques from the earth's surface to detect anomalies in pipeline walls. It is especially beneficial for inspecting unpiggable pipelines without the need for operational disruptions or soil excavation.
How does CMI differ from In-Line Inspection (ILI)?
While ILI requires inserting a device inside the pipeline to gather data, CMI operates from above ground, using electromagnetic fields to detect pipeline anomalies. This fundamental difference makes CMI more adaptable for pipelines that cannot be inspected using traditional pigging methods.
What are the main advantages of using CMI?
CMI offers several advantages, including its non-invasive nature, the ability to inspect unpiggable pipelines, rapid coverage of extensive pipeline lengths, and operational efficiency as it doesn't require pipeline shutdown during inspection.
Can CMI detect all types of pipeline anomalies?
CMI is proficient in detecting corrosion and identifying areas of potential concern related to pipeline integrity. However, its ability to provide detailed data on internal conditions is not as extensive as that of ILI.
Is CMI technology applicable to all types of pipelines?
CMI is applicable to buried pipelines made of ferromagnetic materials, regardless of the product being transported. It is particularly useful for pipelines in inaccessible locations or with complex geometries that make traditional pigging methods impractical.
How does CMI contribute to strategic pipeline management?
By differentiating between active and passive corrosion, CMI allows operators to prioritize maintenance tasks effectively. It aids in identifying critical areas that require immediate attention, optimizing budget allocations, and enhancing pipeline safety and longevity.
What limitations does CMI have compared to ILI?
While CMI offers a broad overview and is efficient for rapid assessments, it may not provide the same level of detailed internal diagnostics as ILI. Its effectiveness can also vary based on the complexity of the pipeline network and the depth of the pipelines.
How can operators choose between CMI and ILI?
The choice between CMI and ILI depends on various factors, including the pipeline's accessibility, the level of detail required for the inspection, and operational considerations. Often, integrating both methods can provide a comprehensive assessment, leveraging CMI for extensive coverage and ILI for detailed analysis of identified anomalies.
What developments have been made in CMI technology?
CMI has seen significant advancements in electromagnetic survey techniques, allowing for more accurate anomaly detection and integrity assessments. Its application in pipeline inspections worldwide has set new benchmarks for efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
How does CMI impact environmental and operational safety?
CMI's non-invasive "no-dig" approach minimizes environmental impact and operational risks by allowing for in-service inspections. This ensures that pipeline integrity can be assessed without compromising safety or requiring extensive land disturbances.
Go back
Top 100 innovators of germany
It's for a reason that we are amongst Germany's Top 100 innovators. Because our mission is to overcome these inspection challenges and, together with our clients, continuously improve the safety and reliability of all pipelines.


Some eigennotes
\subsubsection{Eigenvector magnitudes} If $MC = dC$ then clearly $M\alpha C = d \alpha C$ and so any scalar factor times an eigenvector is also an eigenvector of the same eigenvalue. This choice may be made independently for each of the columns, but once we have chosen the column factors, the row factors are determined by the relationship $RC=I$. This is the simplest example of the linear combination in an eigenspace. The usual convention is to normalise so that $ delta_{jk}C^jC^k=1$, but this is only a convention. In subdivision there is one important situation where a better convention exists. \subsection{Eigencomponents of block matrices} Suppose that $M$ has an interesting pattern of zero values above its diagonal. In particular that it can be viewed as a lower-triangular block matrix. It is then the case that the equation $$|M-\lambda I|=0$$ can itself be factored into the product of simpler similar expressions, one for each block. The eigenvalues can be associated with the blocks, depending on which factors they are roots of. Any block of size 1 gives one of the eigenvalues immediately as the value of the one element which the clock contains. An eigenvalue from the first block will have a row eigenvector which has only a few non-zeroes (at most as many as the size of the block), and a large number of training zeroes. An eigenvalue from the last block wil have a column eigenvector which has a large number of leading zeroes, and only a few non-zeroes. The eigenvectors echo the block zero structure of the row and column in which the block appears, so that a block which has $m$ zeroes above it and $n zeroes to its right wil have eigenvectors which share those properties. Suppose that two different blocks have a common eigenvalue. That eigenvalue will have an eigenvector from each of the blocks, and these two eigenvectors will span an eigenspace. Almost all of the eigenvectors in the space will have fewer zeroes than either of the two that we got from the blocks, and so there is something special about the original pair. We use the partitioning into blocks to break the symmetry of the eigenspace and pick out a particular choice of eigenvectors which may well have useful properties as a basis for the space. \section{Partitioning} Given a matrix $M$, we can premultiply it by some non-singular matrix $F$ and postmultiply the product by $F^{-1}$ to get a new matrix $N$. $$\eqalign{ N &= FMF^{-1}\cr &= FCDRF^{-1}\cr &= [FC]D[C^{-1}F^{-1}]\cr &= C' D C'^{-1}\cr }$$ $N$ has the same eigenvalues as $M$ and its eigenvectors are simply related to those of $M$. Particular $F$s which turn out to be useful are:- \pop {\bf permutation}, which can migrate zeroes to the top right corner of $N$. In some cases this can enable a block partitioning. \pop {\bf odd-even}, which replaces two rows by their sum and difference. $F$ is a block diagonal matrix where the blocks on the diagonal are either single unit values, or else little $2\times2$ blocks of the form $$\left[\matrix{1&1\cr-1&1}\right]$$ This is used to exploit mirror symmetries. \pop {\bf Fourier}, in which the entries are complex exponentials. This is used to exploit rotational symmetries. \pop combinations of the three above. In all these cases we are using a well-chosen $F$ to partition the original matrix $M$ into blocks which can have their eigencomponents determined more easily. This is not just a case of trying to make the calculations easier, although that is a valued side-effect. The main purpose is that we can identify particular properties of the eigenvectors based either on their symmetries or on their leading/trailing zeroes, and thus acquire insight into the structure of the system that we are analysing. The bulk of the remainder of this chapter deals with examples of the way that partitioning is applied to some real subdivision schemes.


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Even for Experts: Phishing & Training Campaigns set up within seconds with LUCY Software 4.3 [Video]
It can't be better! Cybercrime Prevention in Seconds! Also for Pros: A new Phishing and Training Wizard for Campaign Creation is available in LUCY V4.3. LUCY Software is the leading solution for cybercrime prevention.
Watch the 2-minute video and discover how to set up, start and send a complete simulated phishing attack and a security awareness training course to your employees in two minutes. We explain how this works:
- You need LUCY Server V4.3 as local installation or Cloud Appliance (Download).
- Log into LUCY and select 'New' and 'Campaign Wizard' options in the Campaign Dashboard.
- The wizard for creating the simulated phishing attack will start. Select the type of attack you want to use. Available are hyperlink-based, web-based, file-based, USB attack, Mail+Webfilter test, pure training without attack simulation or the Malware Simulation to test your infrastructure.
- Select the template on which the phishing attack should be based, define the attack language.
- Name your attack scenario and select the client under which the attack should run.
- If you want to add a training to the phishing attack, please select the corresponding checkbox.
- Now define the properties of the phishing attack: attack domain, sender name (of the simulated phishing email), sender email and subject of the message. You can already work with variables to address the victims individually here. The configuration of the attack part is now completed.
- Awareness Training part: Now select the appropriate sensitization training and the language to be used. There are hundreds of quizzes, videos, games, interactive courses, posters, etc. to choose from.
- Now also define the properties of the training lesson: source domain, sender name, sender e-mail and subject. This information is then used to send the user an invitation e-mail to complete the training.
- Select a predefined recipient group that is to receive the attack and the training or enter the recipients now.
- Done! Check your entries in the recapitulation of the phishing and training campaign and
- Press ‚Start'. Alternatively, professionals can go into the detailed settings of the attack and make further revisions! So even specialists benefit from the efficiency gain in campaign creation through the LUCY V4.3 Campaign Wizard.
Strengthen your staff against Internet attacks with LUCY Software! There is no better product for cybercrime prevention.


Labial commissure of mouth
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Labial commissure of mouth
Fourteen Nylon sutures used to approximate the edges of this left cheek laceration, extending from the left commisure towards the left ear, allowing it to heal with considerably less scarring than it would without sutures.
Latin commissura labiorum oris
TA A05.1.01.012
FMA FMA:77268
Anatomical terminology
The commisure is important in facial appearance, particularly during function such as smiling. As such it is of interest to dental surgeons.
Diseases that involve the commisure include angular chelitis.
See also[edit]


text:
Definition of elbowing
p. pr. & vb. n. - of Elbow
The word "elbowing" uses 8 letters: B E G I L N O W.
Direct anagrams of elbowing:
Words formed by adding one letter before or after elbowing (in bold), or to begilnow in any order:
h - behowling l - bellowing bowelling
Words within elbowing
not shown as it has more than seven letters.
List all words starting with elbowing, words containing elbowing or words ending with elbowing
All words formed from elbowing by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: el lb bo ow wi in ng
Browse words starting with elbowing by next letter
Previous word in list: elbowed
Next word in list: elbowroom
Some random words: dhak


text:
We were given % m/v so, in order to get a mass value for ethanol, we need to assume the volume of solution. We have to take note that we can assume the volume of the solution because we are looking for concentration values. We also have to keep in mind that the assumed volume should be consistent across all calculations.
A bottle of wine contains 12.5% ethanol by volume. The density of ethanol (C2H5OH) is 0.789 g/cm3. Calculate the concentration of ethanol in wine in terms of mass percent and molality.
Frequently Asked Questions
What scientific concept do you need to know in order to solve this problem?
Our tutors have indicated that to solve this problem you will need to apply the Mass Percent concept. You can view video lessons to learn Mass Percent. Or if you need more Mass Percent practice, you can also practice Mass Percent practice problems.
What professor is this problem relevant for?
Based on our data, we think this problem is relevant for Professor Ratliff's class at USF.
What textbook is this problem found in?
Our data indicates that this problem or a close variation was asked in Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach - Zumdahl Atoms 1st 2nd Edition. You can also practice Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach - Zumdahl Atoms 1st 2nd Edition practice problems.


text:
13 April 2013
Halfway Bush Primary SchoolDunedin
Halfway Bush Primary used part of the school's field to create an outdoor educational space surrounded in native trees and plants.
A reading area was established along with an edible garden where the students can gain hands-on knowledge of native fauna and flora including fruit, vegetables and herbs.
A specially designed bird watching area was constructed for the students to learn about the different species of birds.


text: Earth Day was celebrated on the 19th and 20th of April 2017 in a pompous manner, inside the school campus of Integrated Indian School. It was a great manifestation of environmental issues and highlighted the efforts that can be made to make a difference. On the 19th of April an Inter house Drawing and Colouring competition for primary section, a Poster Making and Slogan Writing competition for secondary and higher secondary section, was organized with the theme of 'Save Earth'. The students displayed incredible creative ideas. A special assembly was conducted on the 20th of April to commemorate the occasion of Earth Day. The assembly was preceded by Quran recitation and Kuwait National Anthem followed by a series of items presented by the students. The school choir presented a melodious song to mark the spirit of Earth Day. To emphasize upon the need to save The Mother Earth, tips of the day was given and an interesting skit was also performed by the students. The winners of Inter house Drawing and Colouring competition, Poster Making and Slogan Writing competitions were awarded with certificates and medals. Our esteem Directress Mrs. Anju Mehrotra and Respected Principal Mr. Arul Dharmaraj Thomas addressed the assembly which inspired the students and teachers by sharing their valuable thoughts and ideas. The celebration concluded with a pledge, taken by the students, teachers and staff members of the school to protect and save our depleting environment and Mother Earth by doing our bit.


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I have a project that requires more than 200 damage cases with some cases being coppies of the other one with one compartment les for example. Is there a way to duplicate existing cases or create them in txt or excell and import into Maxsurf to speed up the process?
Yes - there are definitely ways you can simplify this process and take some of the manual work out of it.
There are three main solutions that you could do here:
1) All of the tables in MAXSURF can be copied and pasted into Excel and back again. So one method would be to create your 200 damage cases
- Ctrl-A in the Damage Case window, if you select multiple columns you can add multiple cases at once
- You can copy the Damage Cases Table out to Excel. Shift-Ctrl-C will copy the table with headers.
- In Excel you can use formulas etc to manipulate and create all of your damage combinations
- Use Copy Paste to bring the table back into MAXSURF
2) Use the MAXSURF COM interface to talk directly between Excel VBA and MAXSURF. For a problem like this, I would use the Extents of damage capabilities and over create damage cases, then search and remove duplicates.
- Take a look at the Automation Samples in the install folder (C:\Program Files\Bentley\Offshore\MAXSURF CONNECT Edition V23\Automation Samples) and the Automation manual in Modeler (Help | MAXSURF Modeler Automation Help) to learn about using COM.
- If you have troubles getting started with COM, take a look at MAXSURF Automation COM Troubleshooting - MAXSURF | MOSES | SACS - Wiki - MAXSURF | MOSES | SACS - Bentley Communities
3) The Probabilistic Stability in MAXSURF Ultimate can automatically create all of the damage combinations you require. You will need to set up the regions on the vessel (zones, bulkheads and decks). Once you have the cases you want in the probabilistic damage, you can copy them across to Deterministic Cases using Cases | Copy Prob Dam Cases.My question back to you, is how do you intend to manage and present this many cases to Class? Do you have 200 damage cases x 10 intact cases? If you are dealing with 2000 cases, then you're going to have to be thoughtful about how you will manage the results that you generate.
Thank you. I think using Excel method we cannot copy the Extend of Damage assiged to each case. Correct?
There are 3 intact Load Cases. In total, including intermediate flooding, there will be about 340 damage cases. Still a lot!


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- The act of taking a disc that is intended for another player. Most often this happens in a mob-op during a pass. As the disc travels across a jam to it's intended target another player steps in front and makes a play on the disc. Often the intended target player will not have time to react and will make the form of a catch, though the disc is no longer coming. Also, the person poaching will often cause a drop or break in flow because they had to move out of position to get the disc. Basic lane awareness can help reduce poaching. Note that if a player attempts a hoop but accidentally touches the disc, causing a drop, this is not considered poaching. Rather, a failed hoop or leg over is called Defense, or "nice D".
Example: Hey, you poached my lane. I had a gitis lined up.
- To accidentally bend a flying disc in half, creating the shape of a taco shell. This usually happens during a drop. The player attempts a leaping under the leg catch but misses. As the disc hits the ground the player's extended leg comes down on top of the disc and forcefully bends it in half. To taco a disc is especially disheartening because the disc will probably have a wobble from then on.
Example: Oh no, you just tacoed our competition disc!
Photo by Kristýna Landová
- A drop is anytime the disc unintentionally lands on the ground. That definition seems obvious but the drop has a deeper importance. Freestyle Frisbee is all about mastery of the flying disc. Players try to push themselves and the disc to the limits of what is physically possible, always looking for a new trick. There is a certain high that comes from seemingly defying gravity and doing the impossible through one's own will. A drop is a cruel reminder that the control we all seek might just be an illusion.
Example: That drop was caused by a sudden gust of gravity.
- A group of Freestyle Frisbee players playing together in a spontaneous manner. Players typically stand close together, usually in a circle or a line though there are no specific rules on this. Basically, they are playing an advanced game of catch, using the depth of their skill to string combinations of tricks together. Often times a single throw is passed between many players before it is caught. The term comes from Jazz where a group of musicians are playing music spontaneously. This is not the same as practice where players have an intended goal in mind. For example, a team may be preparing for a competition, going through choreography or repetitive routine rehearsal.
Ex. What time is the jam today?
- A term that describes the level of restriction for a given Frisbee trick. The disc must travel "through the window" for the trick to be completed. For example, an under the leg catch requires the disc to pass completely under the leg before it is caught. This is a relatively large window since; the leg does not restrict hand movement, hand movement does not restrict leg movement, there is ample space between the leg and the ground, and body timing is fairly simple. A flamingitosis, on the other hand, has a very small window since; body position restricts hand movement and timing must be precise for the disc to fall into the hand.
- Alternate term for a Hoop.
- A specific type of hooped pass where the hoop is created by assuming a bad attitude position.
Example: How did she get the disc through that tiny window?
Sam's third reglue attempt. It took 5 attempts before this nail stayed on.
Nail Hell (adjective)
Nail Hell describes the feeling when one's freestyle frisbee nails repeatedly pop off during the jam. There is disagreement in the community as to whether it takes two or three losses of the nail for one to officially be in Nail Hell. Either way, Nail Hell is especially miserable because the desire to jam is always strongest when others are jamming in plain view. Yet, if the nails will not stay on, one must sit down and reglue.
Example: I always end up in Nail Hell when the weather is cold like this.
See also: Boosh, Condo
Third World (adjective)
A description of the spin direction of a flying disc. Third World is the third spin, or end over end. Any spin that is not clock or counter may be considered third world.
Example: I am working on a Third World Scarecrow.
See also: Counter, Clock.
A description of the spin direction of a flying disc. Short for clockwise. When describing spin direction, it is customary to use a top down perspective of the disc. A disc that appears to be spinning clock from the top will appear to be spinning counter from the bottom, hence the top down perspective is used no matter the vantage point. When a disc is upside down, the top down perspective is still used. Thus when a disc is turned over, its spin direction reverses. For a disc that is tilted, use the side that is the most upward. For a disc that is perfectly perpendicular to the ground, use the top side of the disc.
Example: Throw me some clock.
See also: Counter, Third World.


text:
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) will present societal awards to five distinguished ecologists at its 94rd Annual Meeting on Monday, August 3, in Albuquerque, New Mexico. More than 3,500 attendees are expected at this year's meeting.
Eminent Ecologist Award: Steven Hubbell
Steven Hubbell of the University of California, Los Angeles and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute will receive this year's Eminent Ecologist Award, given to a senior ecologist in recognition of an outstanding body of ecological work or sustained ecological contributions of extraordinary merit. Most widely known for his neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography, Hubbell's wide-ranging research career has investigated tropical biodiversity, sexual selection and resource competition through the lens of theoretical ecology. He has written three books and more than 160 scientific papers, and his work has received more than 60 National Science Foundation grants. In 1990 he founded the National Council for Science and the Environment, a nonprofit organization to improve scientific rigor of environmental decision-making that now has 10,000 members.
Cooper Award: Jerry Jenkins, Glenn Motzkin and Kirsten Ward
Jerry Jenkins of the Wildlife Conservation Society and his coauthors Glenn Motzkin and Kirsten Ward will receive this year's William Skinner Cooper Award for their paper, "Harvard Forest Flora: An Inventory, Analysis and Ecological History," published in 2008 in the Harvard Forest paper series. The Cooper Award is given to honor an outstanding contribution to the fields of geobotany, physiographic ecology, plant succession or the distribution of plants along environmental gradients. In the paper, the authors survey the plants of a central New England woodland, describing biological variation within species and the diversity among them. The contribution illustrates the many ecological changes that occurred in this typical woodland throughout the 20th century.
Mercer Award: Richard Lankau and Sharon Strauss
This year's George Mercer Award is given to Richard Lankau of the University of Illinois and coauthor Sharon Strauss for their paper, "Mutual feedbacks maintain both genetic and species diversity in a plant community," published in Science in 2007. The Mercer Award is given for an outstanding recently-published ecological research paper by a young scientist. The authors show that changes in a physical trait of a plant can affect overall plant community structure, which in turn drives the evolution of the trait. The paper uses a combination of theory, experiment and observation to bridge the fields of community ecology and quantitative genetics.
Odum Education Award: Christine Flanagan
Christine Flanagan of the U.S. Botanic Garden will receive this year's Eugene P. Odum award, which recognizes an ecologist for outstanding work in ecology education. Through teaching, outreach, and mentoring activities, recipients of this award have demonstrated their ability to relate basic ecological principles to human affairs. As public programs manager at the U.S. Botanic Garden, Flanagan develops programs that are viewed by nearly a million visitors each year, including many U.S. legislators. Her interdisciplinary NSF-funded traveling exhibit, titled "sLowlife," draws from science, art and literature to explain plant movements. Flanagan's other activities involve educating the public about genetically engineered plants and the importance of pollinator conservation.
Sustainability Science Award: B.L. Turner and coauthors
The recipients of the Sustainability Science Award are B.L. Turner of Arizona State University and his 25 coauthors on the Special Feature on Land Change Science, published in 2007 by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The award recognizes research results that provide scientific foundations for sustainable management, link human and ecological systems and advance sustainability science. In a synthesis paper and five original research papers, the special feature explores central factors that contribute to global change, including deforestation, land fragmentation, ecological regime shifts and the loss of ecosystem services. Turner's synthesis lays out the advances and challenges in the field of land change science.
For more information about the awards session and the 2009 ESA Annual Meeting, _URL_.


default value to @.
tip.gif If you turn ON the 'Append To Existing Data' switch when you have a default value, this causes the default value to be prepended to any imported data.
tip.gif If the text in the default value starts with an "x" you will have to use the ASCII HEX codes for your default value. For Example: Xray should be put in as: x58x72x61x79 For Example: xray should be put in as: x78x72x61x79 For Example: x201 should be put in as: x78x32x30x31
When exporting, the default value is exported to the file.
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Comparing Data
You can put a value into the Default Value field and use that to 'compare' with the incoming data stream. This comparison works with numeric, text and database field codes. For example, you might want a value equal to 100 or equal to @de.pr. A text value is compared simply as an ASCII value. 'z' is greater than 'a', for instance.
tip.gif Select the OTHER OPTIONS button to set the comparison in the Import Field Options form.
tip.gif You may want to set other switches to tell Collect! what to do during the 'compare' process. For example, "Use as key to find existing", and "Skip subrecords if key not found" should be switched ON if you want Collect! to skip the record when the 'compare' fails.
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Lines After Identifier
This is used in conjunction with the Identifier field in the Import Record Definition form. You may have a record whose data is spread over several lines in the file being imported. Here, you specify the line number (after the identifier) on which the field data appears.
tip.gif Fields should be listed on a line by line basis.
In other words, list data fields on the same line as the Identifier (if any) first. Their "Lines After Identifier" field would be blank, representing 0 lines after the ID. Then, list those one line below (Lines after = 1), then those fields two lines below, and so on.
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Accumulator
The accumulator field specifies where to total the count and value (if it is numeric) of the field being imported or exported.
Enter a number from 1 to 20 to have the information about this field totaled in the Accumulator record. The number you enter is the number of the line item in the accumulator record where the information will be stored.
tip.gif This must be defined by you in the Accumulator form before you reference it.
When importing, you can use this to verify total counts, dollar amounts and other checks. When exporting, you can total the counts and values of information exported, then place the totals at the top or bottom of the file exported.
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Fill Value
Enter a value into the Fill Value field. This is done when you want to set a conditional compare with the Default value, and based on the result of that compare, load some data into a field.
Normally, any value entered into the Default Value field is loaded into the field either on importing or is transmitted when exporting. However, this model breaks down when you want to test on a condition and import or export some piece of data that is not the same as the compare value.
For example, you might want to export the character 'O' for accounts with an Owing amount greater than $1.00, and character 'P' for Paid In Full accounts. You would do this by creating two export fields, each with $1.00 in the Default Value field and the appropriate conditional settings set in the Import Field Options for each case. Then you would enter an 'O, and a 'P' in the Fill Value field for each of the field specifications.
tip.gif You can use printable field specifiers (used to pull database information into reports) in the Fill Value field to export data from records related to the current record. For example, imagine that you want to export the Client Name when the current record being exported is a Transaction record. You could enter @cl.na into the Fill Value field, and immediately the Client Name is exported.
tip.gif You must make sure the appropriate record is current.
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Scan For
The Scan For field offers the full capabilities of the C language scanf function to parse imported and exported text.
You can use this function to perform pattern matching, substring extraction, and other functions.
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Multiply By
This value is used to multiply incoming numeric values. A typical use for this is importing from systems which specify percentages as fractional numbers. For example, 18% would come into Import as '0.18'. Collect!, however, requires '18.0'. We would, therefore, use Multiply By 100 in this case, and the '0.18' would be stored as '18'.
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Case Conversions
Import can automatically convert field text into upper or lower case, and even capitalize words. Leaving all of these switches blank by default ignores any potential case conversions.
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Don't Change Case
Choose this option to import or export data AS IS with no case conversion.
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Convert To Upper Case
Choose this option to convert all data to upper case as it is imported or exported.
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Convert To Lower Case
Choose this option to convert all data to lower case as it is imported or exported.
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Capitalize
Choose this option to capitalize the first letter after every space as data is imported or exported.
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Trailing Overpunch
This is a data format used by older mainframes to save space. By using an alpha or curly brace, it is possible to indicate either positive or negative value for a numeric and also to give the last digit in the numeric - using only one character instead of two.
{ = +0
A = +1
B = +2
C = +3
D = +4
E = +5
F = +6
G = +7
H = +8
I = +9
Examples:
00155003E = +15500.35
003467{ = +346.70
} = -0
J = -1
K = -2
L = -3
M = -4
N = -5
O = -6
P = -7
Q = -8
R = -9
Examples:
005173K = -517.32
003467} = -346.70
In an actual file these would be in a single string.
For example, 00155003E003467{005173K003467}
This might indicate a Principal Amount of $15500.35 with a Payment of $346.70, Fees totaling $517.32 and an NSF amount of $346.70.
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Date Options
Selecting this opens the Import Field Date Format form where you can choose how you want dates represented for this field. You can choose a format and Collect! will convert dates to the format you chose.
tip.gif The format applies only to this specific field and overrides the date options set in the Import Date Options form which sets a format for dates at the record level.
Field level date options are useful when importing or exporting a file that has different formats for dates in various fields.
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Other Options
Selecting this opens the Import Field Options form where you can control fields, verify and check values, set a value to use for comparison and ensure that certain conditions are met when importing and exporting records.
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Ignoring Fields In CSV Files
To ignore a field when importing from a CSV file, simply create an import field definition record ( Field Type). Then, instead of assigning a database field in the Field box, simply leave the Field assignment blank. Leaving the Field box blank causes the Collect! Import to ignore the field.
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Help
Press this button for help on the Import Field Specification dialog and links to related topics.
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Cancel
Select this button to ignore any changes you may have made and then return to the previous form.
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OK
Selecting this button will save any data you have entered and return you to the previous form.
<<
Selecting this button will take you back to another record.
>>
Selecting this button will take you forward to another record.
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See Also
- File Format Specification
- How To Use Import/Export
- Import Menu
- Export Menu
- scanf
- How To Set Default Values For Imports
- Import Field Definitions
- Import/Export Topics
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text:
Caroli Zygo, physicist, prominent figure in galactic space research, physician of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), professor emeritus at the Wigner Center for Physics Research (FK) and member of the Scientific Council for Space Science, died at the age of 78. Károly Szeg died unexpectedly on January 22. The Wigner Center for Physical Research considers the scientist dead.
Károly Szegő began his career as a theoretical particle physicist, applying the methods of group theory. His interest turned to space physics in the early 1980s, particularly to study the surface of comets, surface processes, and the interaction of the solar wind and comets.
He was co-chair of the Soviet space mission VEGA (1986), which was launched with international participation to identify Halley's Comet. On the occasion of this research, for the first time in human history, an image of a comet's core was taken, the size of the comet's core and its rotation were determined, and the surface activity of the comet was modeled.
Four of his _PHONE_ papers were among the seven most cited in the world for solar system research. His achievements were recognized with the State Prize in 1986.
He later worked as a visiting researcher on NASA's Pioneer-Venus Orbiter mission, where he participated as a research associate in the plasma physics experiments of the Phobos-2 mission launched in 1988 to study Mars. He achieved important results in the study of the planet Venus. He was a research associate in the Plasma Physics Experiments for NASA's Cassini mission to study Saturn, and then in the Plasma Physics Experiment for the ESA Rosetta mission. In recent years, he participated in the SERENA plasma experiment of the ESA BepiColombo mission, which was sent to the planet Mercury.
Károly Szegő was the first Director of the MTA KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, founded in 1975, until 2002. Between 2002 and 2010, he organized and supported the work of the Academic Research Network as Head of the Research Development and Innovation Department at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and then as Head of the Research Development Department and innovation.
(Cover photo: Caroly Ziggo, November 25, 2002. Photo: Máté Nándorfi/MTI)
Due to the sensitivity of the topic in this article, we do not consider placing ads to be ethical.
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text:
The working cycle law of the pipe bending machine: since the power required by the pipe bender comes from the hydraulic system, in addition to manual loading and unloading, it is bold to imagine slotting above the tyre wheel and the roll bending wheel. The two sides of the groove are located on the tyre wheel and the roll bending wheel respectively. The upper part of the groove side is two parallel planes, and the lower part is a ring with the same radius tangent to the plane and the outer diameter of the pipe fitting, so that the pipe can be installed from the upper direction of the tyre wheel and the roll bending wheel. The design of the hydraulic system can easily realize the automatic completion of the bending work cycle. In a working cycle, the actions and functions of the hydraulic circuit are as follows: oil pump stops unloading – clamping cylinder fast forward (tire wheel rotation, clamping pipe fittings) – clamping cylinder work forward (bending pipe fittings) – clamping cylinder pressure maintaining – rolling cylinder work forward (rolling pipe fittings) – rolling cylinder fast backward (rolling wheel reset) – clamping cylinder fast backward (tire wheel reset) – oil pump unloading. In order to make the pipe installation fast and convenient, so as to improve the work efficiency and simplify the structure.
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A voice signal sample is stored as one byte. Frequency range is 16 Hz to 20 Hz. What is the memory size required to store 4 minutes voice signal?
This question is related to Cisco Interview
Showing Answers 1 - 12 of 12 Answers
 - Jul 16th, 2005
its 9600 bytes. as the voice frequency irange is in between 16-20,so sampling frequency must be grater than 40hz,so number of samples in 4min=40*240=9600 samples hemce we need a memory of 9600 bytes to store the voice signal
 - Aug 22nd, 2005
Its just 1440 bytes. Bandpass sampling frequency is just 6Hz. so just 6*240 bytes.
 Was this answer useful? Yes
 - Feb 28th, 2006
would u plz explain how it is 1440 bytes??????????????
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prem kiran
 - Aug 1st, 2006
since the signal is in the band 16-20 HZ. bandwidth is 4HZ and so 8HZ sampling rate enough..i.e 8 s/sec. 4min=240sec.
4min duration has 8*240 samples
and each sample has 8 bits,so min required memory is 8*8*240=1920 bytes
 Was this answer useful? Yes
Sundeep Borra
 - Aug 8th, 2006
It's 1920Bytes. As the bandwidth (f2-f1) is 20-16=4Hz. The sampling frequency should be twice the bandwidth (2B). the sampling frequency is 8Hz= 8 samples= 8 cycles/second.
4 minutes=(4*60) =240 Seconds
1sample->1 Byte
1Second->8 Samples
240 Seconds->(240*8) = 1920 Samples
 Was this answer useful? Yes
 - Dec 30th, 2006
band width : 4Hzsampling freq : 2*4(=8)Hz or above4 minutes = 4*60secs = 240 secsnumber of byte required minimum = 240*8=1920 bytes
 Was this answer useful? Yes
 - May 16th, 2007
Two things i wish to point here.
1) They have said that they are representing each sample by 8 bits. which implies that the sampling frequency is quite high. and that for one cycle of the minimum freq we get 256 samples.
2) Regarding the criterion that the sampling frequency should be twice of the bandwidth. this is applicable only when we are dealing with base band signal. whereas here it is pass band (since 16 to 20 is significant in our case).
So the sampling frequency should be quite high considering the two facts.
 Was this answer useful? Yes
 - Jul 12th, 2007
Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem states that perfect reconstruction of a signal is possible when the sampling frequency is greater than twice the maximum frequency of the signal being sampled...so imagine sampling a 16Hz signal with 8hz...there's gonna be a sample every 2 cycles!..it has to be 40
 Was this answer useful? Yes
 - Aug 17th, 2008
Voice sample = 8 bit
Smaple frequency = 1/20 s = 0.05s
for 4 minutes = 4*60(minto sec)/0.05 = 4800 sample
s0 total memory = 8 * 4800 = 38400 bits = 4800 Bytes = 4.69 KB
 Was this answer useful? Yes
 - Aug 28th, 2008
banwidth of signal=4Hz
according to niquist theorem sampling frequency>=2*bandwidth
so sampling freq=2*4Hz(8 samples /sec)
1 samples is stored as 1 byte
so 8*8 bits/sec
so for 4 mins bits are = (4*60)*(64)=15KB
so asn is 15 KB.
 Was this answer useful? Yes
 - Nov 21st, 2009
Voice signal is sampled at 8000 samples per second. (Human voice is in the range of 300Hz-3400Hz, and according to nyquist sampling rate we take it more than double the rate).
For a 4 min. voice signal, we have
Memory = 4*60*8000 Bytes = 1875KB = 1.83 MB.
 Was this answer useful? Yes
 - Sep 30th, 2012
bt practically i required 1.07 mb to record 1.31 min speech,
any1 kno its calculation?
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