text:
German, French scientists win Nobel for identifying viruses
German scientist Harald zur Hausen was awarded the prize for discovering the human papilloma virus, which causes cervical cancer.
Stockholm -- The Nobel Prize for medicine went to the European scientists who discovered the viruses that cause cervical cancer and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), officials announced Monday.
German scientist Harald zur Hausen was awarded the prize for discovering the human papilloma virus, which causes cervical cancer, while French scientists Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier, won the award for their discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS.
The award, the highest for medicine, is worth 10 million kronor (1.5 million dollars, 1 million euro). Zur Hausen won half the amount while the French duo shared the other half.
The two viruses have caused "great suffering," Professor Bjorn Vennstrom of the Nobel Committee at the Karolinska Institute, told Swedish radio.
The discovery of the HIV virus helped researchers understand the "biology of the disease and its antiretroviral treatment," the Karolinska Institute said.
Zur Hausen's discovery led to the development of a vaccine against cervical cancer, the second most common cancer among women. Born in 1936, he worked as professor and former chairman and scientific director of the German Cancer Research Centre in Heidelberg up to his retirement.
About 5 percent of all cancers worldwide are attributed to human papilloma virus. Some 500,000 cervical cancer cases are reported each year.
Of the 100 human papilloma viruses, zur Hausen was able in 1983 and 1984 to identify two types, HPV16 and HPV18, that cause 70 percent of all cancers of the cervix, the opening to the uterus.
The vaccines offer almost 95 percent protection, and "reduce the need for surgery and the global burden of cervical cancer," the institute said.
"Cervical cancer is more common in developing countries, and mortality rates are much higher than in the West," Vennstrom added, saying the Karolinska Institute had no position on whether or not it should recommend the general vaccination of young girls.
Zur Hausen on Monday said he was excited to hear the news he had won.
"I'm really pleased. I'm also happy for my assistants, who all played a major role," he said in Heidelberg where he toasted his success with a glass of champagne. "I sometimes thought about (the Nobel prize), because I knew I'd often been recommended for it. But I really didn't expect to get it."
Asked why US researcher Robert Gallo -- who was engaged in a long-running debate with Montagnier over the HIV discovery -- was not included in the prize, Bertil Fredholm, head of the Nobel Committee at the Karolinska Institute, told reporters that the groundbreaking research "had been made in France."
Karolinska Institute members were "the experts" on matters concerning the decision on who was worthy of a Nobel Prize, he added.
Barre-Sinoussi, born in 1947, holds a PhD in virology and heads the Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit at the Pasteur Institute in Paris.
Montagnier was born in 1932 and is retired Professor and Director at the Paris-based World Foundation for Aids Research and Prevention.
The findings by the two French researchers had contributed to improve efforts to diagnose patients, and to screen blood that has limited the spread of the pandemic.
Antiviral drugs have further increased life expectancy rates.
Professor Bo Angelin, also of the Karolinska Institute, said the findings in the two areas of virus had helped develop measures "to attempt to prevent the spread the diseases."
The medicine prize is the first of this year's Nobel awards, which are also made for chemistry, physics, literature, and peace.
They were endowed by Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.
The economic sciences prize -- a prize not endowed by Nobel and awarded since 1968 -- is slated to be announced Oct. 13. The award ceremonies are held Dec. 10, the anniversary of Nobel's 1896 death in San Remo, Italy.


text:
It is the dream of every parent to leave a legacy for their children.
But in the hardscrabble business of feeding people, birthright often morphs into burden along the way.
The kids who grew up taking carryout orders while doing homework assignments from behind the host stand know too well the sheer amount of human will and personal sacrifice it takes to run a restaurant.
It's one reason so many longtime Chinese carryout spots are closing up in metro Detroit and elsewhere around the country; the kids know better than to go into the family business.
The restaurant industry has only grown more challenging in recent years, as costs increased, technology evolved, dining habits changed and the act of cooking food for others rose in cultural status, in effect drawing much-needed attention and scrutiny to an industry long out of balance.
Leila is the 2020 Restaurant of the Year
Mark Kurlyandchik, Detroit Free Press
But who better to adapt to the new order than the rare someone reared in the business who chooses to persevere despite everything? Someone who's learned from both the successes and failures of the previous generation, who's seen all of the industry's challenges and heartbreaks up close but still has the courage to say, "bring it on."
Though few and far between, this new crop of second-generation restaurateurs and chefs — often the children of immigrants — are taking all they've learned from their parents and writing their own uniquely American stories onto a palimpsest of family tradition and culture, updated to fit modern tastes and trends.
That's precisely the story of Samy Eid, whose father, Sameer, is among Michigan's longest-serving Lebanese restaurateurs — a forerunner of Middle Eastern food in metro Detroit for almost 50 years.
The long-gone Sheik restaurant is often credited for introducing Lebanese food to Detroiters in 1936, but Sameer Eid made quite a name for himself and his Phoenicia restaurant after buying a rundown Highland Park diner in 1971 on a whim for $5700.
The Sheik closed more than 30 years ago, while Phoenicia continues to pack 'em in for big spreads of hummus and smoky baba ganoush, the best tabbouleh in town and those famously crispy baby back ribs, served out of a swanky white tablecloth joint on the outskirts of downtown Birmingham, where the restaurant's been since relocating in the early '80s. (Phoenicia was our first-ever selection as Free Press/ Metro Detroit Chevy Dealers Restaurant of the Year Classic two years ago.)
"You have to understand, if you're a married person, your wife is the restaurant and you have a mistress at home," Sameer told me when I first asked him the secret to his success a few years back.
The sprightly 80-year-old still takes regular pre-dawn trips down to the Detroit Produce Terminal to choose ingredients for his restaurant, but it's his son who has run the day-to-day business at Phoenicia for the last 16 years, as well as the contemporary Mediterranean restaurant Forest since 2015.
And with the recent opening of the family's third restaurant, Samy has taken the biggest step yet out of his father's shadow — by honoring Sameer's so-called mistress, his wife Leila.
"My dad started Phoenicia almost 50 years ago," Samy, 39, said. "And he's been successful, very blessed, very lucky. But the one thing that has kind of been a constant light and a guiding (force) throughout has been my mom. ... She was the glue that kind of held it all together. What better way to pay homage to what's made us successful?"
Inspired by his mother's casual Sunday feasts, Samy opened Leila on Detroit's Capitol Park at the end of October as a love letter to the Eid matriarch and her warm Lebanese hospitality.
Named for his mom while evoking her easy elegance and Old World charm, Leila sits at the crossroads of two of America's most exciting dining trends: second-generation restaurateurs coming into their own and diners' growing enchantment with Middle Eastern cuisine.
It's been a little strange to watch national media heap praise and accolades on Middle Eastern restaurants in places like Philadelphia, New Orleans, and Oakland, Calif., when we know that metro Detroit — from Dearborn to Sterling Heights and beyond — is the real American mecca of Arab cuisine. Sure, stalwarts alongside Phoenicia like Al Ameer and Shatila have received their share of attention in recent years, but they're always positioned as antique artifacts, not exactly hallmarks of modern dining.
Enter: Leila, which confidently stepped into the latter role upon opening, quickly becoming Detroit's pinnacle of modern Lebanese cuisine in one of the city's most visible historic quarters. Leila serves best-in-class versions of food that's both familiar to and emblematic of the region, while exuding a grace and elegance that defies a large, high-volume restaurant.
This is why Leila is the 2020 Detroit Free Press/Metro Detroit Chevy Dealers Restaurant of the Year.
The soul of Lebanese dining
Lebanese hospitality is marked by generosity and overflowing abundance, perhaps best exemplified by the mezze that makes up so much of the typical meal — a series of small dishes filling the table with as many plates as it can hold. Shuffling them to make room is a necessary part of the pageantry of any given meal, which can stretch across hours, especially when aided by perspiring glasses of cloudy arak, the potent anise-flavored Lebanese spirit commonly consumed with mezze.
That's the conceit at Leila, too, with half its menu made up of cold and hot mezze, simple dishes made of just a few ingredients designed to be shared among the table.
At Phoenicia, the hummus has always been overshadowed by the superior baba ganoush, but at Leila I can't not order a creamy bowl of the well-seasoned cloud of chickpea spread. There are no cutting-edge embellishments here, just a quality version of a traditional dish, arriving at the table with its central crater full of whole chickpeas in a pool of high quality Lebanese olive oil.
Cold mezze choices also include a verdant tabbouleh, bright from ample lemon juice, and a kibbeh niyee made from ground American lamb leg sparked with a pinch of cayenne and baharat, the Lebanese seven spice blend of coriander, allspice, nutmeg and more. You'd think a dish this simple — ground raw lamb with cracked wheat and spices — would taste roughly the same no matter where you have it, but that couldn't be further from the truth. There are as many different ways to prepare kibbeh niyee as there are cedar trees in Lebanon. Leila's employs less bulgur than what you'll typically find around town, offering a lighter mouthfeel that lets the fresh meat and its seasonings shine. For as much as I've eaten Leila's kibbeh niyee, I've built up little immunity to its charms. I can't help but order it every time.
Leila's fattoush is another requisite order, done in the style of the real Leila's salads at home. Its lettuce, radish, tomato, cucumber, onion and fried pita chips are all diced finely — akin to a fattoush chop salad — and covered in earthy, herbaceous za'atar and garlic, lemon juice, and olive oil. Leila also goes heavy on the pomegranate molasses, a slightly floral juice that's been reduced with sugar to a syrupy consistency. It's red fruit notes tend to have the final say.
And though Samy is quick to point out that Leila is not intended to be Phoenicia — and that getting out of its shadow is daunting — he couldn't not include the older restaurant's famous baby back ribs, another untraditional dish for a Lebanese restaurant.
When Sameer immigrated to the U.S. in 1961, he first landed in northern Texas and then Oklahoma City, where his cousin was an AM radio disc jockey. During his brief stint in the American south, Sameer fell in love with barbecue. Decades later, unhappy with the barbecue scene in metro Detroit, he decided to cook his own baby back ribs for his wife and kids at Phoenicia. When a regular spotted them eating them in the dining room, he asked for them, too, and today they remain the most popular item on the Birmingham restaurant's menu.
They're faithfully recreated at Leila, beginning with ultra-lean baby back ribs from the small side of the rack. They're first broiled, then cooled, brined in a white vinegar-based sauce turned red from house spices, and then broiled again and finished with a generous dusting of those spices. The result is a chewy rib with ample crispness and a smoky, subtly spicy bite from the rub. (For an even more amplified textural experience with maximum crunch, order them "Samy-style".)
The ribs are part of the entree selection, but I like to order them alongside more traditional hot mezze like the plump Lebanese sausages called makanek, little fat thumbs of coriander-spiced ground lamb meat

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Relations with NGOs
As a tripartite organization, the ILO does not simply collaborate with non-governmental organizations but actually integrates sectors of civil society into its structure. The ILO maintains a close relationship with the non-governmental sector, which involves the following:
 1. the integration of non-governmental social partners in the identity of the Organization itself
 2. according consultative status to non-governmental international organizations that meet certain criteria
 3. collaboration at the operational level with a variety of international, regional, national and local organizations


text:
Drawing Connections is owned by teacher Jenna Hyde and family. Jenna designs activity mats based on the classic "dot-to-dot" activity, but in larger form. The idea behind the mats is to help young learners (or anyone practicing their handwriting) to have a fun and accessible way to practice number and letter recognition by writing them and connecting them in succession without wasting paper. Each mat is reusable and works best with dry erase markers. A marker and eraser are included in each order!
Check out a video of the Activity Mats in action.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Sign up ×
If a prime with prime norm is a split prime, in an number ring PID?
Example: $5-\sqrt{14}$ in $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{14}]$ has norm $11$, it is a split prime in $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{14}]$? Why?
share|cite|improve this question
Could you clarify your question? It isn't very clear to me what you're asking. Are you asking why certain primes split in quadratic fields? Or do you want to deduce something about the class number from this information...? – Dylan Moreland Sep 18 '11 at 16:34
Also there is no need to write so many?s. – Ted Sep 18 '11 at 17:11
1 Answer 1
This is not quite true, I'm afraid.
I assume that the statement you want to prove is:
If $K$ is a number field, $\mathfrak{O}_K$ is its ring of integers, $x \in \mathfrak{O}_K$ is a prime element (that is, $\mathfrak{p} = x \mathfrak{O}_K$ is a prime ideal), and $|\operatorname{Norm}_{K / \mathbf{Q}}(x)|$ is a prime integer $p$, then $\mathfrak{p}$ is split (i.e. the completion of $K$ with respect to the $\mathfrak{p}$-adic valuation is isomorphic to $\mathbf{Q}_p$).
This is not quite true, because you could have ramification. For instance, if $K = \mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{-2})$ and $x = \sqrt{-2}$, then the norm of $x$ is 2 (which is prime!), but the completion of $K$ at the ideal generated by $x$ is a quadratic extension of $\mathbf{Q}_p$. But it's true if you assume that $x$ doesn't divide the discriminant of $K$, which only rules out finitely many primes (and works in the example you gave above). Moreover, you don't need to assume in advance that $x$ is prime; if the norm of $x$ is prime, then $x$ itself is prime.
Note that it makes no difference here whether $\mathfrak{O}_K$ is a PID or not.
(Edit: I should have said either "p doesn't divide the discriminant of K" - a statement about divisibility of integers -- or "x doesn't divide the different of K" -- a statement about divisibility of ideals of K. The different is an ideal of K, which provides slightly finer information about ramification than the discriminant, which is an integer, does.
There are numerous excellent books on this subject. Stewart and Tall's book "Algebraic number theory and Fermat's last theorem" is one of my favourites.)
share|cite|improve this answer
many thanks David when you say "x doesn't divide the discriminant of K", in my example : x=5-sqrt{14} doesn't divide the discriminant of Q[sqrt{14}] is 4*14=56, but the division is in the number ring or in Z. Can you recommend some book that comes it explained thanks again PD: Sorry for my level of english – Sidi Sep 18 '11 at 22:25
_USER_: I have converted your answer to a comment. Answers should be reserved for posts that answer the question. To post a comment, look on the bottom left of a comment thread; there is a grey button "add comment". But you didn't see it earlier because you didn't log in using the same account as you used to post the question; I have now merged your accounts (to avoid future issues, it should help if you register your account). Note that because you do not have 50 reputation points yet, you can only comment on your own questions and answers. – Zev Chonoles Sep 18 '11 at 22:31
Your Answer


A viola by the Voller Brothers
19 Oct 2018 - John Dilworth
The name Voller can provoke both excitement and trepidation. The English brothers William, Alfred and Charles have a well-deserved reputation as ingenious copyists, and are the very last words the owner of a treasured old Italian instrument might wish to hear. But once their work is identified, and separated from what might admittedly be a slightly disturbing history, it is time to enjoy the skill and artistry that these naturally reclusive makers very frequently display. Some of their work is undistinguished, admittedly, churned out for quick returns and with little consideration. Often though, an exceptional instrument stops you in your tracks and makes you marvel. This viola is an example. From any point of view it is a distinguished piece of work, carried out with great skill, ingenuity and sensitivity, capturing almost perfectly the essence of an instrument two hundred years older than it is, and the definitive charm of Italian work of the classical period.
What is particularly interesting is that this is a relatively late work by the Vollers; dendrochronology shows that it was made after 1922, the date of the youngest growth of the pine in the front, and therefore after the death of the middle brother Alfred in 1918, at the age of 61. Genuine labels of the brothers are very rare, and almost non-existent after the very earliest period in the 1890s, since their instruments almost invariably bear fictitious dates as well as names. A chronology of the brothers' work is very difficult to establish, but knowing that this viola was the work of William and Charles is very helpful. William died in 1933, aged 79, and his younger brother Charles lived on until 1949, when he died aged 84. Given the vigour and assurance of the workmanship in this Tononi copy, it seems reasonable to attribute it in the main, if not entirely, to Charles.
It is clearly a copy of a Giovanni Tononi, and a model that the brothers used more than once. They must certainly have had access to an original example through their associations with the London trade at that period, from _PHONE_, specifically with George Hart, for whom they worked early in their careers.
Voller Brothers viola
'This viola is a distinguished piece of work, carried out with great skill, ingenuity and sensitivity.'
Voller Brothers viola
The Tononi model is a beautiful one. There are several genuine examples extant, any of which may have been the inspiration for the Voller copy. Typically, the form is Amatise, and the workmanship suitably precise. Giovanni Tononi was by far the best of the Bolognese makers in the eighteenth century, and his viola model an ideal 41cm long, a perfect pattern for modern instruments.
The arching is beautifully rendered, faithfully imitating the comparatively high, rounded curves and emphatic edge channel of the original, with beautifully cut open Amatise soundholes, set characteristically close together and upright. One of the indicators of Voller authorship is that the circles of the 'F's are knife-cut, rather than pierced with a circular cutter as the original would have been.
Another clear indication of their work is the use of ebony for the black veneers of the purfling, again inappropriate for a genuine Tononi. Yet another intriguing point is the tiny 'black spot' that appears on most of the wood surfaces under the varnish. Unobtrusive enough in this deliberately aged and patinated instrument, the tiny irregular marks may indicate acid treatment, which was probably the Voller's method for darkening and visually ageing the wood. Significantly, the head does not show these marks, and it is very possible that it is an older piece, 'salvaged' from a donor instrument, which was also a regular practice of the Vollers. Nevertheless the style and workmanship of the scroll is very much in tune with the rest of the instrument, and the repair to the cheek below the C and G pegs may equally imply that the Vollers simply made use of an already well-aged and darkened piece of wood, despite it having been pierced with a nail in its previous manifestation, like the wood from an old bridge used by Rocca, or the billiard table that Panormo is said to have plundered for violin parts. The cello-style cheeks are however not an authentic Tononi feature. Why the Vollers would have adapted the original design in this way is not clear, but it is not easy to attribute the head to any other hand.
'The arching is beautifully rendered, faithfully imitating the comparatively high, rounded curves and emphatic edge channel of the original.'
One last surprising and, in the circumstances, pleasing feature of the instrument is the fact that it has two labels. One, in the conventional position beneath the bass 'F', is a convincing facsimile of Joannes Tononi, dated 1737. But adhering to the lower treble rib on the inside is another, made out in the name of Pietro Tononi, 1703. Pietro was certainly a member of the Tononi family, born in 1647, but his activity as a violin maker is in doubt. It is a typical gesture of the forger to use the most obscure name consistent with high value and interest. Examples of authenticated Pietro Tononi work are non-existent, making it impossible to compare or dispute the authenticity of the copy. It is a common strategy of copyists in any field. The Pietro ticket is probably the label that the Vollers themselves originally placed beneath the 'F', and is consistent in form with other fictional labels that they printed up. The present, more prominent label is probably the work of a subsequent speculator, who presumably felt that changing the attribution from the little-known Pietro to the more valuable Giovanni, whose work it most clearly represents, would be financially beneficial.
Label inside Voller Brothers viola
Recent Posts


Khorfakkan Youth Center
Khorfakkan Youth Center
 - Throughout the year: 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm.
 - Holy month of Ramadan: 9:30 pm to 11:30 pm.
Telephone: 092385207
Khorfakkan Youth Center opened its doors in 2005, and it offers several activities within five main tracks: Literature and Languages, Science and Technology, Entrepreneurship, Arts, and Sports.
The center offers a number of activities in the area of Literature and Languages including reading, appreciation for literature, and other cultural activities such as writing short stories and poetry, debates, and a variety of literary elements. Youth can improve their reading habits and develop literary and critical skills.
As for the Science and Technology track, it offers activities related to robotics, programming, scientific inventions, and innovation.
In the field of Entrepreneurship, the center offers many activities related to leadership and personal development, in addition to human capital investment, financial investment, volunteerism, and developing initiatives. Youth entrepreneurs will have the opportunity to acquire the skills needed to solve problems, communicate effectively and initiate initiatives.
In the field of Arts, youth can benefit from a variety of activities such as music, visual and plastic arts, theater, and cinema.
In the field of Sports, the center's facilities are an integral part of its offerings, with many activities available. These include indoor football, swimming, water polo, table tennis, martial arts, and archery. Youth will have the opportunity to acquire the skills they need in a variety of sports.


2 Citations Views Downloads
A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (Insecta)
View article
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
RT @thePeerJ: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (In…
90 days ago
RT @djbirddanerd: First Cretaceous strepsipteran larva _URL_ via @thePeerJ
90 days ago
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
90 days ago
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
90 days ago
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (Insecta) _URL_ _URL_
90 days ago
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
90 days ago
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
90 days ago
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
90 days ago
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
91 days ago
RT @djbirddanerd: First Cretaceous strepsipteran larva _URL_ via @thePeerJ
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
91 days ago
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
First Cretaceous strepsipteran larva _URL_ via @thePeerJ
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (Insecta) _URL_ @thePeerJ _URL_
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
91 days ago
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
RT @hans_pohl: A needle in a haystack: Mesozoic origin of parasitism in Strepsiptera revealed by first definite Cretaceous primary larva (I…
Introduction
Strepsiptera is a highly specialized small order of holometabolous insects (Pohl & Beutel, 2008; Pohl & Beutel, 2013). The phylogenetic placement of the group, one of the longest controversies in systematic entomology, was only recently clarified (Niehuis et al., 2012; Peters et al., 2014; Misof et al., 2014; see also Kjer et al., 2016). The oldest recorded fossils are known from Cretaceous Burmese amber (Grimaldi, Kathirithamby & Schawaroch, 2005; Pohl & Beutel, 2016; Engel et al., 2016), indicating a minimum age of ca. 100 mya. An age of origin of ca. 120 mya was estimated based on molecular data (McMahon, Hayward & Kathirithamby, 2011). However, the confirmed sister group relationship with Coleoptera (Misof et al., 2014) implies that the group originated already in the early Permian or late Carboniferous (McKenna et al., 2015; Toussaint et al., 2017).
Extant strepsipterans are characterized by a conspicuous sexual dimorphism. The winged males are free living but extremely short-lived. With well-developed sensory organs and a highly efficient flight apparatus they are able to find the females within their very short life span of only few hours. Females are wingless and morphologically strongly simplified. They develop as endoparasites of other insects. Only the females of the basal extant Mengenillidae (and probably Bahiaxenidae) leave their host and are able to move actively. The females of the majority of the species (Stylopidia) are permanently endoparasitic and only penetrate the host's abdominal intersegmental membranes with the sclerotized anterior part of their body (Pohl & Beutel, 2008). The primary larvae of Strepsiptera are among the smallest known metazoans with an average size of ca. 230 µm, comparable to unicellular ciliates of the genus Paramecium (Pohl, 2002). This size reduction enables the female to produce a huge number of offspring and the minute primary larvae are able to penetrate relatively small insect hosts such as Delphacidae (Auchenorrhyncha) with an adult size of 1.5–6 mm (Pohl & Beutel, 2008). The body of the primary larvae is elongated oval to nearly drop shaped. The head is semicircular with well-developed stemmata with cornea lenses. Antennae are missing and the labrum is not present as a separate element. Sternal plates inserted between the coxae with spinulae and fringes of microtrichia on the posterior border of the abdominal sternites produce capillary forces enabling the larvae to stick to and crawl along wet surfaces (Pohl & Beutel, 2008). A unique apomorphic feature within Holometabola is the presence of one pair of long and strongly developed bristle-like cerci. They are inserted on the terminal abdominal segment XI, with strong muscles attached to their base. They enable the minute larvae to jump very efficiently, an ability secondarily lost in the primary larvae of the Stylopidae (Pohl & Beutel, 2005).
The relatively sparse Cretaceous fossil record of adult strepsipteran males suggests that they were already a specialized group of insects in the late Mesozoic. It is very likely that the highly modified antennae with flabellate appendages and numerous specialised dome-shaped chemoreceptors were used for finding females over a relatively large distance as in extant species of the group. Likewise, the uptake of food was apparently very limited at least, as suggested by the strongly simplified mouthparts. Strepsipteran females from the Mesozoic have not been discovered yet. As with most cases of parasitism documented in the fossil record (e.g., Nagler & Haug, 2015), Mesozoic Strepsiptera provide only indirect evidence of this specialization. Based on the small size of adult males (ca. 1.5–3 mm), it was assumed, that the species were already endoparasites of other insects (Pohl & Beutel, 2008). However, conclusive evidence by direct detection of definite strepsipteran larvae was lacking, and therefore direct evidence for an endopa


text:
Afghanistan is grappling with one of the worst droughts, food, and water shortage crises in decades, amid an unrivaled humanitarian catastrophe that looms large for millions of people across the country.
Prolonged drought across the country continues to impact the availability of and access to safe drinking water.
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) tweeted on Sunday that the number of families in Afghanistan facing water scarcity has significantly increased.
According to an OCHA report analyzing the drought disaster between 2021 and 2023, climate change and fatal droughts across Afghanistan have left 79% of its population without sufficient water for their daily needs, including drinking and cooking.
The findings of the report further show that 64 percent of households reported that they experienced drought in the last six months, resulting in an economic shock that has left a devastating effect on food security and family coping mechanisms. While the current food crisis is perpetuated by a concurrent climate crisis, as 30 out of 34 provinces in Afghanistan report extremely low water quality.


text:
Performing the World (PTW) came into being at the end of 2000 when Kenneth Gergen, Mary Gergen, Lois Holzman, Sheila McNamee and Fred Newman finalized plans for a multi-disciplinary conference, entitled Performing the World: Communication, Improvisation and Societal Practice. The conference took place in October, 2001 in Montauk NY. Nearly 250 participants from 27 states and 8 countries enthusiastically and creatively produced the performance of a conference, the "topic" of which was performance.
Conversations, panels, workshops and performances explored the rich potential of performance for personal, organizational and social change:
- The liberating and developmental potential of performance — both on stage and off.
- The study of performance as the means by which people create themselves and their culture.
- The opportunities performance presents for new understandings of human life and culture.
- Utilizing performance to help create new forms of relationship in families, organizations and communities.
- The emerging synthesis of theater and social science and its challenges to the methodological-philosophical foundations of knowledge.
Performing the World 2001 was sponsored by Performance of a Lifetime, a training and consulting firm with a unique performance approach to personal, professional and organizational development, and The Taos Institute, a non-profit community of scholars and practitioners who use social constructionist ideas to design and promote creative, appreciative and relational practices in families, communities and organizations around the world.


text:
In just a few years, Minecraft became one of the world's most popular games. Most of the time, the Minecraft is described as a 'Sandbox' game. In other words, it means a virtual land where the players can create their worlds and experiences by using building blocks, resources discovered on the site, and their creativity.
Since it was first released in 2009, the game has grown in popularity, especially among primary aged children. Minecraft is available on multiple platforms like Windows, Android, iOS, Tablet, Xbox, Nintendo Switch, Playstation.
If you are new to the world of Minecraft, then you are in the right place! We are here to tell you about Crossbow, which is one of the familiar items in Minecraft.
The ranged missile that uses arrows and fireworks as a bullet is known as Crossbow.
The crossbows use iron in their crafting recipe. However, they cannot smelt into iron nuggets. Similar to bows, yet they take a more extended time and more powerful (shooting farther with the mostly higher accuracy). The firework rockets or arrows can be fired after fully charged. Afterward, the player speed returns to normal. They can be placed in another inventory slot or into an item frame.
Making a Crossbow in Minecraft
Making a crossbow in Minecraft is very easy. Usually, it requires only 1 minute.
The ingredients needed are one iron ingot, three stick, three-string, and one tripwire hook. The crafting process creates one Crossbow for each set of components used.
Step 1: Open a crafting menu.
With the ingredients mentioned above, open the crafting menu. You will see the 3×3 crafting grid.
Step 2: Arrange the things on the crafting grid.
To make the Crossbow, arrange the iron ingot, string, sticks, and tripwire hook on the crafting grid. When complete, the Crossbow will appear to the right of the 3×3 grid.
The pattern is:
Row 1: Stick, Iron Nagot, Stick
Row 2: String Tripwire Hook, Strong
Row 3: Empty, Stick, Empty
Step 3: Placement of completed Crossbow
After making the Crossbow, select the completed Crossbow and drag it to the player inventory.
Using a Crossbow
To use a crossbow, at least one arrow or fireworks rocket must be there in the stock. The users can choose the type of indicator to use based on location in their inventory.
The crossbows take around 1.25 seconds to load and can load firework or arrow of any color.
If you find this article interesting, you can check my other article about Bad Omen Effect in MinecraftBad Omen Effect in Minecraft.


text:
Sight Reading Factory is a fantastic resource to use at home, especially during a potential period of online learning. My school closed on Tuesday and now we are entering day 3 of uncharted territory!
When distance learning becomes necessary, Sight Reading Factory can be super effective. What could be even better than using Sight Reading Factory? USING SIGHT READING FACTORY BEING FREE!
Here is the message send from the co-founders of Sight Reading Factory:
If you're looking for a remote eLearning solution for your music classes while schools in your district are closed due to the COVID-19 virus, Sight Reading Factory is offering free student accounts during the time your school is closed.
If you're not familiar with SightReadingFactory.com, we are a cloud-based application for practicing sight reading. With the assignments feature, students can record themselves performing a teacher-configured sight reading exercise directly through our online platform. Students can then submit their recording to the teacher for grading. SRF works on virtually any modern device – smartphones, tablets, laptops, Chromebooks, etc. With SRF student accounts, teachers can organize students into classes/groups and can also view reports on their students to monitor their usage and track progress.
Our unique composition engine allows you to customize and configure sight reading exactly to the needs of your students and generate a virtually unlimited supply of unique sight reading exercises. Click here to try out a free demo and generate some sight reading exercises.
Check out this page for more information on SRF student accounts and the assignments feature.
If your school will be closed due to the COVID-19 virus and you'd like to take advantage of this offer of free student accounts during the time your school is closed, please write to us at _EMAIL_.
How to Use Sight Reading Factory for distance learning!
Before doing anything I list below, just go to their website and try the demo on their home page; you do not need to give an email or fill anything out. Once you see how easy and effective the program is, you will be sold on the plan below!
This plan will work for you and your students:
- Contact Sight Reading Factory at: _EMAIL_. They will provide you with one code to disseminate to your choir
- Log onto Sight Reading Factory as a teacher and create a class. Just click on CLASS and then create a NEW class. You can create as many classes as you want. I suggest keeping this simple. Perhaps you could have a beginner and advanced class, and have your students self-select into the appropriate class; you could create a class for each chorus that you have.
- Create an assignment(s) – and select a due date. Next, they ask for a key signature, time signature, length (number of measures), tempo, and a few other/less important things. The bottom line is that the options are restrictive enough that you won't get confused. Create as many assignments as you'd like. Each assignment will meet your specific parameters but each student will receive different assignments. It takes well under one minute to create an assignment. The best part about this is that you can just "duplicate" the same assignment over and over again; since every example is brand new, students will receive a different assignment every time, even if your parameters remain exactly the same!
- Send the code out to your students and they can instantly join the class(es) you've set up. They will see the assignments when they join your class!
The purpose of your assignments
Assignments can be as simple or challenging as you wish. I suggest keeping them simple as the goal is to keep our singers positive and engaged through this difficult time.
How assignments work:
Students will click on an assignment and have endless tries before submitting their take to us. (Students can sing directly into any computer mic.) They can even hear the correct notes played alongside their recorded performance. This means, they will have a clear sense of how they did before submitting. While students cannot redo any exercise, they can try over and over again; when they try again, a new exercise will be generate that meets the exact same parameters.
When they submit an assignment, we will know how many times they tried to complete the assignment (how many different assignments they attempted).
How to Grade in this Current Climate:
Our goal is to motivate our students and keep them involved. I would suggest grading on a simple scale. 4 = outstanding, 3 = excellent, 2 = fair (passing), 1 = needs improvement.
Since our students are at different levels, we want to encourage all students to be successful. A score of a "1" is for a student who doesn't submit an assignment or makes little effort. I would recommend a passing score of "2" for any student who makes an effort. A score of "4" is for students who excelled on the exercise and a "3" is for hardworking students who make a serious effort with a decent result or talented sight-singers who don't make the effort to refine their effort.
If put into a 10 point scoring system, it could look like this:
- 10 = outstanding
- 9 = excellent
- 8 = fair
- 5 = needs improvement
One more GREAT Sight-Reading Factory Idea!
This is not only another effective idea, but it is an alternative for students who do not have the same access to a modern computer/chromebook/mic. All they need is access to email and a printer.
On Sight Reading Factory, create an 8-measure exercise that meets your parameters (for example, 4/4 time, key of D major, notes/rests no faster than 1/8 note, range of an octave), and make a PDF of each exercise.
From there, send the PDF assignments out to your students and ask them to label the pitches below the notes (d, r, m, f, etc) and the rhythms above the note (1+2+3+4+). If you have google classroom or another method of submission, have them submit it to you. You can always send a sample 8-measure exercise with an answer key for all students in order to ensure they understand the concept.
We are living in a scary and confusing time right now. Health comes first. We must take care of ourselves, our families, and our community.


text:
Researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing cost-effective techniques for separating and converting poultry processing residuals into higher-value products such as high-grade fuels. The techniques would provide a beneficial use for these byproducts, which are typically blended back into lower-value products.
"Our ultimate goal is to extract usable, quality feedstocks from poultry processing byproducts such as brown grease extracted from wastewater pretreatment processes. If successful, we will help reduce costs by providing a cheap and simple way for the industry to better utilize their low-quality waste oil and grease byproducts," says John Pierson, a GTRI principal research engineer.
To achieve this goal, Pierson and GTRI research coordinator Robert Wallace teamed with the Cumming, Ga.-based company American Proteins to obtain samples of poultry-processing waste materials. They first focused their efforts on developing better ways to separate usable portions of the waste – such as free fatty acids, neutral oil and waxes – from unusable portions, such as solids and other insoluble materials.
Using improved refining and degumming techniques, the researchers were able to effectively reduce the volume of waste material by 75 percent.
"We are currently working on increasing the efficiency of these separation techniques, and on scaling up our separation techniques for use in a plant rather than the laboratory," notes Wallace.
In addition to developing improved separation processes, the researchers are working to convert the various fractions into biofuels at a higher yield than currently possible with typical processes. For this project, Pierson and Wallace teamed with Christopher Jones, a professor in Georgia Tech's School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; Tom Fuller, a GTRI principal research engineer and a professor in the School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; and graduate student Eric Ping.
The team is currently conducting solid-catalyst research to convert recovered usable fractions into alkane hydrocarbons or kerosene fuel, a primary ingredient for jet fuel. Initial efforts have identified promising solid-catalyst materials capable of converting selected fractions of polished brown grease more efficiently than traditional processes.
"Recovering these value-added products from waste oils is very important because it gives the industry greater flexibility in revenue generation as the recovered, value-added products can be used for traditional products or biofuels, whatever the market will bear," added Pierson.
This project is supported by GTRI's Agricultural Technology Research Program, GTRI's independent research and development program, and Georgia's Traditional Industries Program for Food Processing.
Research News & Publications Office
Georgia Institute of Technology
75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314
Atlanta, Georgia 30308 USA
Writer: Abby Vogel

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Radar DSP Engineer
Engineering | Beavercreek, OH | Full Time
Oculii is developing high resolution imaging radar software to enable the next generation of autonomous systems. Traditional phased array radars have been used for decades and follow a strict size for performance tradeoff - the larger the sensor aperture, the higher the angular resolution. Oculii's Virtual Aperture Imaging radar software technology fundamentally breaks this tradeoff - enabling its sensors to trade increased compute/processing for angular resolution enhancement with the same physical aperture. Leveraging this technique enables Oculii sensors to extract unprecedented accuracy, range, and 4D positioning information from commodity off the shelf low-cost radar elements, bringing high resolution radar imaging to the next frontier.
Radar DSP (C++) Engineer
The Radar Signal Processing Engineer will be a key contributor to the evolution of Oculii's Virtual Aperture Imaging radar technology and will work with Oculii's RF hardware and systems/software teams to drive the production of world-class leading edge radars. This position will develop and implement advanced signal/image processing algorithms and sensor fusion techniques for MIMO radar, digital beamforming, distributed multi-static and multi-dynamic radar systems, target imaging and feature aided video tracking. The work will heavily involve algorithm development in MATLAB as well as implementation, testing, and verification of embedded system drivers and algorithms in C/C++.
- Develop and implement robust signal/image processing algorithms in C/C++ on real time hardware. Signal processing technologies include target detection and estimation, target tracking, array signal processing, waveform optimization, MIMO radar signal processing, image processing, sensor fusion and video tracking.
- Design bit-level accurate models and test vectors for algorithms in C/C++
- Practice well documented modular code development and develop reliable software framework for automated analysis, testing and verification.
- Act as the key interface for the implementation team to the algorithms and systems team to develop novel cutting edge radar algorithms and signal processing techniques
- MS in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science or a related field, or equivalent level of demonstrated knowledge.
- Demonstrated software engineering skills and proficiency/experience in C++ and embedded programming languages for real time production systems
- Comprehensive knowledge in one or more of the following areas: radar signal processing, digital signal processing, image processing, radar systems, remote sensing, radiation detection, or automated software development.
- Demonstrated proficient verbal and written communication skills necessary to effectively collaborate in a team environment and present and explain technical information.
- Experience working in a team environment that includes scientists, engineers, and computer scientists.
- Significant experience in the design and development of automated signal and image processing software.
- PhD in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, or a related field.
- Advanced signal processing expertise in the areas of inverse problems, estimation, forward fitting, and reconstruction.
- Demonstrated project management experience, including project planning and presentation.
- Competitive Pay and Options Package
- Sunny, open, collaborative workspace
- Opportunity to work with great people!
- Lunch and snacks provided daily


By Huan Lee and Stephen Pomeroy, Lambient Technologies
High-speed dielectric cure monitoring has the unique ability to measure cure in real time under actual process conditions, which is valuable for studying materials that polymerize in seconds, such as H.B. Fuller U3345,1 the UV-curable adhesive used for this study. Under UV irradiation, U3345 reacts rapidly and exhibits dynamic behavior that would be difficult or impossible to see with other methods. The utility of dielectric cure monitoring allows measurement of the degree of cure and the response of UV-curable resins to irradiance and exposure.
Dielectric cure monitoring
Dielectric cure monitoring, also known as dielectric analysis (DEA), measures a polymer's resistivity (ρ) and permittivity (ε), which are a material's dielectric properties. Resistivity itself has a frequency independent (ρDC) component due to the flow of mobile ions and a frequency dependent (ρAC) component due to the rotation of stationary dipoles.
Although often called DC resistivity, frequency independent resistivity actually extends across a range of frequencies that includes DC (0 Hz). Because a thermoset's degree of cure affects both mechanical viscosity and frequency independent resistivity, the term ion viscosity was coined to emphasize the relationship between the two. Ion viscosity (IV) is therefore defined as:
Equation 1. IV = ρDC (ohm-cm)
This paper presents and discusses data for log(ion viscosity), which will be called log(IV) for brevity. At constant or near-constant temperature, the change in log(IV) often has a linear or near-linear relationship with the change in degree of cure, as measured by glass transition temperature and other methods.2,3,4 Because ion viscosity correlates with cure state, it is a useful probe of the material state of epoxies, polyurethanes, polystyrenes and especially UV-cured resins.
Dielectric sensors
Figure 1. Dielectric sensor with interdigitated electrodes
Dielectric cure monitors measure the resistance (R) and capacitance (C) of material between a pair of electrodes, which can be modeled as a resistance in parallel with a capacitance. A common configuration is the comb structure or interdigitated electrode, such as the example of Figure 1, the Quarto-Varicon5 dielectric sensor used in this study. This sensor is constructed as a thin polyimide flex circuit with an electrode width and separation of 100 microns.
As a rule of thumb, interdigitated electrodes with the same width and separation measure to a depth approximately equal to the electrode width. Consequently, the sensor used in this study makes a very localized measurement only 100 microns into the sample.
For UV curing, interdigitated sensors may be placed within a sample and away from the surface to avoid any confounding effects from oxygen inhibition, which prevents cure at the interface with the atmosphere.
Ultraviolet light source
The SunSpot 2 UV/Visible Light Curing System6 was the UV source for this study. The high-power output from its arc lamp is wide-band and intensity at the end of the light guide is typically >18,000 mW/cm2 in UVA (320 to 390 nm), with adjustable settings from I = 0 to I = 10 for intensity ranging from 60% to 100%, respectively, of full power.
This UV source uses both a dichroic filter and mirror to greatly reduce IR transmission through the light guide. Absorption of radiation in the remaining visible/UVA/UVB/UVC wavelengths, nevertheless, can produce considerable heating of samples at high irradiances.
U3345 is a UV-curable, modified acrylate adhesive using a phenyl bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide photoinitiator. After excitation, this photoinitiator undergoes cleavage to produce initiating radicals that drive cure. Since these photoproducts have reduced absorption in the visible/UV spectrum, the photoinitiator becomes bleached, enabling deeper penetration of UV and curing of thicker coatings.
Figure 2. Test set-up for UV cure
The experimental set-up is shown in Figure 2. At the end of the light guide, a collimator concentrated the light and projected it onto a platform for the sample. For each test, U3345 UVcurable adhesive was applied to a new dielectric sensor, resulting in a sample 7 mm x 20 mm in area and approximately 1 mm thick. The sample was placed on the platform at the estimated center of the irradiance profile. A thermocouple beside the sensor enabled temperature measurements during and after exposure.
Table 1. Relative irradiance for tested combinations of standoff and intensity
Each test used a standoff of 15 cm, 20 cm, 38 cm or 48 cm between the collimator and platform. UV source intensity was set to I = 0, 5 or 10, corresponding to 60%, 83% or 100% of full intensity, respectively. Lack of a UV meter prevented direct measurement of irradiance, so it was estimated from the rising and falling temperature profile during a test. These data were used to model a hypothetical thermal source for each exposure. The temperature of this hypothetical source was assumed to be proportional to actual irradiance at the sample and was used to derive the relative irradiances of Table 1. Without absolute UV power measurements, irradiance during a test was given a relative value from Table 1 to enable comparisons among results.
An LT-631 High-Speed Dielectric Cure Monitor7 measured ion viscosity with an excitation frequency of 100 Hz at a rate of 60 ms/data point. To ensure capture of the entire cure, the UV source was turned on five seconds after the start of data acquisition.
Cure from a single, low-intensity exposure
Figure 3. Ion viscosity of U3345, single exposure
After a single exposure of U3345 to brief, low intensity UV, the ion viscosity and temperature were measured for 60 seconds. Standoff was 48 cm and the UV source intensity setting was I = 0 with an exposure time of one second. From Table 1 the relative irradiance = 1.0. Ion viscosity data from this test, shown in Figure 3, reveals three events:
UV cure during exposure. Before irradiation, the U3345 is at 0% degree of cure and the initial log(IV) = 6.9. During the one-second exposure, ion viscosity suddenly increases to log(IV) = 7.0 due to the curing process. Thermocouple temperature increases about 0.5°C due to absorption of light. Measured as the change in ion viscosity, cure is relatively slight, probably due to a time lag in the presence of activated photoinitiators at sensor level as they diffuse from the surface.
Dark cure after exposure. The activated photoinitiators continue to diffuse to the sensor and drive cure, indicated by the increase in ion viscosity, for a considerable time after UV exposure ends. As the photoinitiators are consumed, the cure process slows and ion viscosity asymptotically approaches a constant value. Because the sample is approximately 1 mm thick, cure should be both quicker and more complete near the surface, or quicker and more complete with a thinner coating.
End of cure. The asymptotic value of log(IV) = 7.8 at the end of cure, which occurs at approximately 60 seconds after exposure.
Cure from cumulative exposures
Figure 4. Ion viscosity of U3345, multiple exposures of one second each
To investigate the effect of successive exposures, three samples of U3345 at different standoffs were exposed for one second at a time with UV source intensity = 0 and at one-minute intervals. The samples, which had standoffs of 48 cm, 38 cm and 20 cm, have relative irradiances of 1.0, 2.1 and 9.3, respectively, with each exposure. The results are shown in Figure 4.
The plot of Figure 3 actually is the first minute of the data in Figure 4 for a 48 cm standoff. Although the reaction in Figure 3 essentially ends after about 60 seconds, it is clear from Figure 4 that cure is incomplete at this point. Furthermore, the data show that maximum log(IV) after each incremental cure is proportional to the cumulative exposure. In each case, higher ion viscosity also corresponds to higher degree of cure.
The data show that two exposures at relative irradiance = 2.1 are sufficient to reach a plateau of log(IV) ~10.8, while only one exposure at relative irradiance = 9.3 is necessary. Also, once the plateau is reached, additional exposures do not change the ion viscosity level, indicating the U3345 has reached 100% degree of cure. It is important to note that Figure 4 describes the behavior of cure at the bottom of a 1 mm thick sample, with the cure rate there depending on the concentration of photoinitiators as they diffuse from the top. Coatings of different thicknesses would have different profiles of ion viscosity versus exposure and time, which in turn may yield information about diffusion rates.
Table 2. Standoff distances, relative irradiances and relative exposures
Table 2 lists the relative irradiances and cumulative relative exposures for each test. Max log(IV) is the value at the end of cure following each exposure and is indicated in Figure 4 as well as listed in Table 2. Figure 5 plots maximum log(IV) versus cumulative relative


Ultrafast monochromator
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
An ultrafast monochromator is a monochromator that preserves the duration of an ultrashort pulse (in the femtosecond, or lower, time-scale). Monochromators are devices that select for a particular wavelength, typically using a diffraction grating to disperse the light and a slit to select the desired wavelength; however, a diffraction grating introduces path delays that measurably lengthen the duration of an ultrashort pulse. An ultrafast monochromator uses a second diffraction grating to compensate time delays introduced to the pulse by the first grating and other dispersive optical elements.
Diffraction gratings are constructed such that the angle of the incident ray, θi, is related to the angle of the mth outgoing ray, θm, by the expression
 m \lambda = d ( \sin{\theta_i} - \sin{\theta_m}).
Two rays diffracted by adjacent grooves will differ in path length by a distance. The total difference between the longest and shortest path within a beam is computed by multiplying by the total number of grooves illuminated.
For instance, a beam of width 10 mm illuminating a grating with 1200 grooves/mm uses 12,000 grooves. At a wavelength of 10 nm, the first order diffracted beam, m = 1, will have a path length variation across the beam of 120 μm. This corresponds to a time difference in the arrival of 400 femtoseconds. This is often negligible for picosecond pulses but not for those of femtosecond duration.
A major application is the extraction, without time-broadening, of a single high-order harmonic pulse out of the many generated by an ultrafast laser pulse interacting with a gas target.


Bedrock Geology
Bedrock Geology of Indiana
Bedrock Geology of Indiana
The study of Indiana's geology is commonly divided into the study of the unlithified earth materials that occur at the surface and the study of the rocks that are sometimes at, but mostly below, the surface of Indiana. The term "bedrock geology" describes the study of the rocks at and below the bedrock surface.
There are several important aspects to Indiana's bedrock geology. One is the topography of the bedrock surface. The bedrock of Indiana experienced erosion at least since late Pennsylvanian time (~300 million years ago) and was covered by unconsolidated materials only during the past 2 million years, when two major glacial advances and retreats crossed the state. Bedrock is exposed only in the south-central part of the state, which was not glaciated, and in localized areas along the Wabash River. Geologists map the bedrock surface by using topographic maps, data from drilled holes, and geophysical methods; these maps show an irregular surface crossed by numerous drainages. The highest points on the bedrock surface are in Randolph and Wayne Counties, whereas the lowest points are along the Wabash and Ohio Rivers in Posey and Vanderburgh Counties. A striking feature of the bedrock surface is the ancient Teays River Valley that cut through Adams, Jay, Blackford, Grant, Wabash, Miami, and Cass Counties. This valley was buried by glacial debris, but the Wabash Rivers still courses through parts of Teays River Valley .
The types of rocks and their spatial distribution is another part of Indiana's bedrock geology. Known as " stratigraphy ," the study of the changes in rocks through time, both laterally and vertically, provides information on past environmental conditions and processes, and on the distribution of mineral and energy resources (see Bedrock Geologic Units). A component of stratigraphy is assigning names to sequences of rocks (see Geologic Names Information System). The most common named unit is a "formation." A formation commonly consists of one or more rock types that have a distinct character. These units may be tens to hundreds of feet thick.
A third aspect of bedrock geology is the rock structure that pertains to the bends and faults that occur in the stratigraphic units. Indiana is a broad anticline with a slight plunge to the northwest. The anticline is very broad and is, therefore, more appropriately called an "arch." In the southeastern part of Indiana, this arch is known as the Cincinnati Arch and in the northwestern part of the state it is called the Kankakee Arch. Indiana also contains several named faults, such as the Mt. Carmel Fault that extends from Morgan County south through Monroe and Lawrence Counties into Washington County, and a concentrated area of faults in the southwestern part of the state, known as the Wabash Valley Fault System.
Generating Your PDF
Your session for the Indiana Geological and Water Survey will expire in 30 minutes. Please refresh your broswer or click here to restart your session timer.


Understanding Sharepoint 2013 Distributed Cache Service, Microblogs and feeds
All started with the new sharpoint 2013 newsfeed web part. Suddenly it displayed me an error message saying;
"The operation failed because the server could not access the distributed cache. Internal type name: Microsoft.Office.Server.Microfeed.MicrofeedException. Internal error code: 55. Contact your system administrator for help in resolving this problem
Then I had to understand what is Distributed Cache first. Here's what i've gone through, from its design to configurations and finally some known issues. From the bottom line what Distributed Cache (DC) does is, it enables cacheing functionality for some key sharepoint features including;
 - Newsfeeds
 - Authentication
 - OneNote client access
 - Page load performance
 - Security Trimming
Mainly microblog features and feeds are rely on the DC to store data for very fast retrieval across all entities. The Distributed Cache service is built on Windows Server AppFabric, which implements the AppFabric Caching service.
The Architecture – How social feeds works with Distributed Cache
Original Image Link
Activities are posts and replies that can be either user-generated or system-generated. There are several types of activities in SharePoint Server 2013. These include the following:
 - Microblog activities This includes posts, replies, likes, mentions, or tagging an item.
 - Following activities This includes when a user follows people, documents, sites, or tags.
 - User profile activities This includes birthday, job title change, anniversary, updates made to Ask Me About, creating a new blog post, or posting on a Community Site.
 - Document activities This includes when a document is edited or a document is shared.
In SharePoint Server 2013, the newsfeed (or just simply the feed) displays activity information to users. Users access the feeds from a user's My Site. In SharePoint Server 2013, a user's My Site has several feeds available from which to choose. These different feeds show different views of activity information by filtering or pivoting on activity metadata. The different feeds available to users from their My Sites include the following:
 - Newsfeed This is the default view when visiting a user's My Site. The Newsfeed contains recent activities from followed entities. The Newsfeed displays 20 items and is sorted in reverse chronological order. Items listed in the Newsfeed are activities from entities a user follows, and conversations from any site feeds the user follows. Site feeds are explained later in this article.
 - Everyone The Everyone feed shows the last 20 posts or replies across all users. The distinction between the Everyone feed and the Newsfeed is that theNewsfeed only shows activities from entities the user is following.
 - Activities The Activities feed shows all activities associated with a user, including system-generated activities. The Activities feed represents the most accurate view of a user's activities because it shows all activities and not just recent activities, which occurs with the Newsfeed. This feed is also seen when users browse to their profile or About Me page for a user.
 - Mentions The Mentions feed for a user displays all posts or replies where that user was mentioned.
 - Likes The Likes feed displays a list of posts or replies that the user has liked. This is not related to the I Like It feature from SharePoint Server 2010.
 - Site feeds Activities are publicly accessible unless the activity refers to content that the user does not have access to. If feed functionality is required for a restricted group of users, a site feed should be used. Site feeds display posts and replies among the users of the group. Site feed posts and replies display in the Newsfeed of a user only if the user has access to the site feed. Site feeds do not display system-generated activities. By default, the site feed feature on a team site is enabled.
The microblog features and feeds rely on the following two caches: the Last Modified Time Cache and the Feed Cache.
 - Feed Cache The Feed Cache stores recent activities and recent conversations for all entities
 - Last Modified Time Cache The Last Modified Time Cache is used to determine the last modified time for all items in the Feed Cache.
Click here for full article
Considerations when implementing Distributed Cache
 - An administrator can allocate memory to the Distributed Cache. This allocation significantly affects the performance of the Distributed Cache service
 - Consider using a dedicated Distributed Cache server when you use the newsfeed and microblog features.
 - If you are using custom applications in SharePoint Server 2013 which use the AppFabric client APIs, or are creating custom caches, you should create a separate AppFabric cache cluster to support your custom applications. Do not use the AppFabric cache cluster supporting your SharePoint Server 2013 farm. Run your separate AppFabric cache cluster for your custom applications on separate servers from the servers dedicated to your SharePoint Server 2013 farm.
 - In a SharePoint Server 2013 farm, there must be at least one cache host running the Distributed Cache service.
 - On a server that has more than 16 GB of total physical memory, allocate a maximum of 16 GB of memory to the Distributed Cache service. If you allocate more than 16 GB of memory to the Distributed Cache service, the server might unexpectedly stop responding for more than 10 seconds.
More about planning for the Distributed Cache service, _URL_
Refer this for managing the Distributed Cache service, _URL_
Warning – Important Safety Tip
 1. Do not administer the Distributed Cache through the Service window in Administrative Tools under Control Panel, or through the AppFabric for Windows Server application on the Start menu. This could get the Distributed Cache service into a state where you might need to rebuild your farm.
 2. Microsoft recommends you avoid starting a Distributed Cache service instance on servers that are already running SQL Server, Search, Excel Services or Project Services.
 3. If you plan to have more than one Cache Host, the first server added should be configured to allow inbound ICMPv4 traffic.
 4. The right way to start the service is with the Add-SPDistributedCacheServiceInstance PowerShell cmdlet. You run this on a SharePoint server you would like to add to your Cache Cluster, which makes the current server a Cache Host. Simply stopping the service instance would cause the contents of the cache on that server to go missing, degrading performance.
Some common issue related to Distributed Cache
 - Sharepoint 2013 Newsfeed does not display feeds, follows, everyone etc.
References:
_URL_
_URL_
Advertisements
Yammer or Sharepoint for Document Collaboration
With SharePoint and Yammer integration roadmap advancing, and Microsoft's advice is clear (Go Yammer!), customers and would-be customers of both products are recognizing overlaps in functionality and asking questions around how the two products could (and should) run side-by-side.
The inconvenient truth, at this stage, is that there is no one-size-fits-all answer. How organisations use the platforms side-by-side will depend on a range of unique factors, such as current adoption and levels of customization. Underpinning any strategy should be a solid understanding of the technical scope of each product, and where that scope overlaps.
By on July 19th, 2013.
SharePoint DocumentSet vs Folders
Once i was thinking that DocumnetSet is same as a folder in SharePoint. So i did some readings and found this.
It says;
"There is a difference between a folder in SharePoint and a folder on your desktop. Microsoft made them look the same in the GUI to make it easier on users, but that's where it stops. In SharePoint, a folder is simply a "view". In other words, it is a way to limit the number of items the database displays. If you look at the URL, it's a long complicated way of saying only show me the stuff assigned to this naming designation.
So if folders are views in SharePoint, why can't I change them like views? You got me there. Somewhere along the line, the capabilities of the "folder" view and the "normal" view diverged and different rules applied. For example, I can add unique permissions to folders, but I can't add column properties. The opposite is true for views."
The point is in SharePoint 2010, Microsoft decided to change how it thought about Content Management. Since content types have caught on as the best way to solve the problem of "a single set of rules and naming conventions," they started to think how they could exploit that scenario to group things together. THUS, the document set.
A document set is a group of related documents that can be created in one step and then managed as a single entity. A document set is not a view, but a special content type. It is managed and deployed from a site collection level. You can create custom document set content types with site columns and managed metadata. You can apply unique permissions to document sets. You can view a document set's version history. You can trigger workflows within a document set."
Here is the Complete article i've found.
Cheers…!!!
Unable to view uploaded documents in Sharepoint Meeting Workspace
This is something interesting. I've found this while I was developing an event management app. So apparently I was selected the Meeting Workspace Site Definition. The problem occurs when I was uploading a document to a document library. In here we can't use SPFile.CopyTo(); So I used
SPSite site = SPContext.Current.Site;
SPWeb web = SPContext.Current.Web;


text:
the barriers to change. They suggest that in reality firms are very tentative in taking up change, and that although this may seem irrational at a whole-industry level, it must be accepted that they have to judge decisions at a local level. In order to bring about widespread change of briefing practise, consensus must be achieved throughout the system of organisations; otherwise change will be limited to satisfying existing relationships whilst making slow progress towards improvement.
A key concept to be drawn from this review of literature is the reliance of value capture upon the initial exposure of client values, reflected in the initial theory proposed by Thomson et al. (2003) which identifies how the value assessment framework is based upon the initial client values. This is exemplified by Barrett & Stanley (1999) who claimed that an 'efficient' project may be delivered in the presence of ineffective exposure of client values, however the client will remain dissatisfied with the end product.
It is also evident that dynamic briefing offers an opportunity far greater than traditional approaches to effectively expose client values and capture client value, however the recommendation that appropriate techniques and systems must be used to ensure the effectiveness of the approach is particularly important. There are also clear limitations in the form of social and practical barriers to change, which must be addressed.
Some promising new concepts being explored which relate to the dynamic briefing approach include research by Green (2010) which views clients as 'social systems', describing construction professionals as researchers who can use metaphors as a method for understanding clients and their needs. Research based on organisational theory such as this provides an interesting angle from which to approach the use of dynamic briefing, potentially offering a means by which the limitations mentioned could be counteracted. Other concepts offer the opportunity to extend the scope of the dynamic briefing approach, such as the feedback framework 'soft-landings' (BSRIA & Usable Building Trust 2012) which encourages extended involvement of construction and design teams to enable continuous feedback and improvement.
Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki
- Briefing documents.
- Business case.
- Feasibility studies.
- Output-based specification.
- Preliminary business case.
- Project brief.
- Project execution plan.
- Soft landings.
- Statement of need.
- Strategic brief.
- User panels.
- Banwell, H., 1964. Report of the Committee on the Placing and Management of Contracts for Building and Civil Engineering Work, London: HMSO.
- Barrett, P. & Stanley, C.A., 1999. Better Construction Briefing, London: Blackwell Science Ltd.
- Bennett, J., 1985. Construction Project Management, London: Butterworths.
- Bowen, P.A., Pearl, R.G. & Edwards, P.J., 1999. Client briefing processes and procurement method selection: a South African study. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 6(2), pp.91–104.
- BSRIA & Usable Building Trust, 2012. The Soft Landings Core Principles.
- Chatzi, G., 2012. How Briefing in Construction Project Management is Implemented Through the Positioning of 5 Critical Success Factors (CSFs): the Example of Greece, Leicester.
- Goodacre, P. et al., 1982. Occasional paper number 7. Research in Building Design.
- Green, S.D., 1996. A metaphorical analysis of client organizations and the briefing process. Construction Management and Economics, 14(2), pp.155–164.
- Jensen, P.A., 2011. Inclusive Briefing and User Involvement: Case Study of a Media Centre in Denmark. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 7(1), pp.38–49.
- Kagioglou, M. et al., 1998. Cross industry learning: The development of a Generic Design and Construction Process Based on Stage/Gate New Product Development Processes Found in the Manufacturing Industry. Engineering Design Conference, 98, pp.595–602.
- Kamara, J, 1999. Client requirements processing for concurrant lifecycle design and construction, The University of Teesside.
- Kamara, John, Anumba, C.J. & Evbuomwan, N.F., 2002. Capturing Client Requirements in Construction Projects, London: Thomas Telford.
- Latham, M., 1994. Constructing the team: final report: joint review of procurement and contractual arrangements in the United Kingdom construction industry, London: HMSO.
- Ness, K., 2007. Conflict in construction: constructive conflict? Available at: _URL_
- Othman, A., 2004. Value and Risk Management for Dynamic Brief Development in Construction. Loughborough University.
- Othman, A., Hassan, T.M. & Pasquire, C.L., 2004. Drivers for dynamic brief development in construction. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(4), pp.248–258.
- Shen, Q. et al., 2004. A framework for identification and representation of client requirements in the briefing process. Construction Management and Economics, 22(2), pp.213–221.
- Smith, J M, Kenley, R. & Wyatt, R., 1998. Evaluating the client briefing problem : an exploratory study., (1990), pp.387–398.
- Smith, J. M., Kenley, R. & Wyatt, R., 1998. Evaluating the client briefing problem: an exploratory study. Engineering Construction and Architectural Management, 5(4), pp.387–398.
- Svetoft, I., 2005. How architectural education in Sweden supports the role of handling user involvement in the building process, Sweden.
- Thomson, D.S. et al., 2003. Managing value and quality in design. Building Research & Information, 31(5), pp.334–345.
- Thyssen, M.H. et al., 2010. Facilitating Client Value Creation in the Conceptual Design Phase of Construction Projects: A Workshop Approach. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 6(1), pp.18–30.
Featured articles and news
Read our introductory article to the different types of structural load.
Erno Goldfinger's family home and modernist masterpiece - 2 Willow Road, Hampstead.
IHBC article asks - is the Bonfield Review blind to traditional buildings?
Do you know what an onigawara is? Find out here.
German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble on how to achieve a better investment framework for Africa.
3 ways the world's fastest growing economies can close the infrastructure gap.
The sooner early warning notices can be appreciated as of mutual benefit rather than one-sided advantage, the better.
BSRIA responds to government green storage announcement.
What is phenomenology and how does it relate to the built environment?
Read about Belgrade's Brutalist landmark - the Western City Gate.
Read about the measures that can be taken by individuals to protect and minimise exposure to outdoor sourced air pollution.


text: vulgaris (P. vulgaris) is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria widespread in the environment and also found in normal gut flora of the human. Due to the clinical significance of this organism and literature reports on biofield treatment, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on P. vulgaris in relation to antimicrobials susceptibility and biotyping based on various biochemical characters followed by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. 2. 2.1. Group IIB – Study I 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.


A Genetic Test for Suicide Risk
Suicide runs in families, and that's why the U.S. Centers for Disease Control lists "family history" as the number one risk factor for suicide. Now biotech companies have taken this information seriously enough to investigate the heritable component of suicide, and develop a genetic test for it.
Antonio Regalato writes in Technology Review:
The Sundance test rests on research findings reported by the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in 2012. The German researchers, based in Munich, scanned the genes of 898 people taking antidepressants and identified 79 genetic markers they claimed together had a 91 percent probability of correctly predicting "suicidal ideation," or imagining the act of suicide.
As researchers dig into the genetic roots of the problem, they're also finding that suicide isn't the result of psychological difficulties like depression. Regalato continues:
Altogether, epidemiologists believe that 30 percent to 55 percent of the risk that someone takes their own life is inherited, and the risk isn't linked to any specific mental illness, like depression or schizophrenia.
What this means is that it's possible a person might have a predisposition for suicide, but not for depression — and vice versa.
Scientists warn that there may never be a genetic test for suicide risk. But the better we understand what drives people to suicide, the closer we get to figuring out how best to intervene and offer help before it's too late.
Read the full article at Technology Review


android-studio-header
We will continue from what we learnt and developed in the previous post. We already have the app running, with a simple interface, but yet to perform the BMI calculations.
Main Activity
Open up the MainActivity.java file, which will contain the codes to control our interface. The file, which was generated by the wizard, currently contains three methods:
 - onCreate: This function will be called when the activity is first created. We usually will initialise things, setup variables, or bind views here.
 - onCreateOptionMenu: This function will be called to setup the settings menu. This menu is opened when the setting button is pressed, or the three-dots "overflow" button is pressed.
 - onOptionsItemSelected: This function will be called when the items in the menu is pressed.
screenshot_05Firstly, we need to have the reference to the widgets/views in the interface. Take a look again in the activity_main.xml file.
You may have noticed these several ids such as tv_results_bmitv_result_text, et_height, etc. If you don't have those, you can write it the properties panel. If you are using the text editor, write it this way: <EditText android:id="@+id/et_weight" />.
There are no specific ways on how the ids should look like, though I prefer putting tv_ for TextView, and et_ for EditText.
Now lets head back to MainActivity.java. To retrieve these views, use findViewById. In the Java file, we retrieve the ids through the generated R variable, in this case R.id.id_in_file.
The BMI Formula
Let prepare the BMI formula as a function.
Now we need to get inputs and show the results. Typically, there would be a "Calculate" button. To make it simple, I want the results is automatically shown the users as the input is keyed in. So, we need to know when the EditText contents changes. To do this, we need to add a text change listener to both of the weight and height inputs.
In the performCalculations method, I've put the codes to retrieve the inputs' contents using getText function. Also there are Log functions for logging purposes. You will and should utilise this throughout any Android developments. All error, messages pertaining to the app will appear in the LogCat panel.
screenshot_06
Sometimes there are users feel cumbersome trying to convert between meters and centimeters. The phone is powerful enough to calculate that, allow the app to that for the users. The tallest man in the world is around 2.5 meters, so lets assume if the user's input is more than 3 meters, it might be in centimeters. If it is less than that, it should be in meters.
There will be sometime the BMI results will be unrealistic since it is always updated upon input. To make this nicer, we simply put the results as "less than 15" or "more than 40", as the numbers in the other ranges are probably not useful anyway. Finally, we put appropriate messages depending on the BMI results.
Conclusion
device-2015-01-20-100411
We can see that someone with that height and weight is underweight. :/

We should have a fully functional BMI calculator app upon completing this tutorial. In the next post, we can try out some libraries and store the BMI results.
The codes for this part also can be found in this repository. As always, thanks for reading. Feel free to leave comments or questions!
2 comments on Ilham on Android: Developing The Functions (Part 2)
 1. Hi nice tutorial!
 Boleh sy tahu mcm mana nak develop chat apps atau ada apa2 tutorial yang boleh disyorkan?
 Dan database percuma apa yang paling sesuai untuk chat apps?
 Terima kasih.
Say Hi! Send us your message!


Impact (mechanics)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Head impact can cause concussion. Sports helmets help protect against brain injury.[1]
In mechanics, an impact is a high force or shock applied over a short time period when two or more bodies collide. Such a force or acceleration usually has a greater effect than a lower force applied over a proportionally longer time period of time. The effect depends critically on the relative velocity of the bodies to one another.
At normal speeds, during a perfectly inelastic collision, an object struck by a projectile will deform, and this deformation will absorb most, or even all, of the force of the collision. Viewed from the conservation of energy perspective, the kinetic energy of the projectile is changed into heat and sound energy, as a result of the deformations and vibrations induced in the struck object. However, these deformations and vibrations cannot occur instantaneously. A high-velocity collision (an impact) does not provide sufficient time for these deformations and vibrations to occur. Thus, the struck material behaves as if it were more brittle than it would otherwise be, and the majority of the applied force goes into fracturing the material. Or, another way to look at it is that materials actually are more brittle on short time scales than on long time scales: this is related to time-temperature superposition. Impact resistance decreases with an increase in the modulus of elasticity, which means that stiffer materials will have less impact resistance. Resilient materials will have better impact resistance.
Different materials can behave in quite different ways in impact when compared with static loading conditions. Ductile materials like steel tend to become more brittle at high loading rates, and spalling may occur on the reverse side to the impact if penetration doesn't occur. The way in which the kinetic energy is distributed through the section is also important in determining its response. Projectiles apply a Hertzian contact stress at the point of impact to a solid body, with compression stresses under the point, but with bending loads a short distance away. Since most materials are weaker in tension than compression, this is the zone where cracks tend to form and grow.
Crane with a pile driver
1/2" drive pistol-grip air impact wrench
A nail is pounded with a series of impacts, each by a single hammer blow. These high velocity impacts overcome the static friction between the nail and the substrate. A pile driver achieves the same end, although on a much larger scale, the method being commonly used during civil construction projects to make building and bridge foundations. An impact wrench is a device designed to impart torque impacts to bolts to tighten or loosen them. At normal speeds, the forces applied to the bolt would be dispersed, via friction, to the mating threads. However, at impact speeds, the forces act on the bolt to move it before they can be dispersed. In ballistics, bullets utilize impact forces to puncture surfaces that could otherwise resist substantial forces. A rubber sheet, for example, behaves more like glass at typical bullet speeds. That is, it fractures, and does not stretch or vibrate.
Impacts causing damage[edit]
Chevrolet Malibu involved in a rollover crash
Road traffic accidents usually involve impact loading, such as when a car hits a traffic bollard, water hydrant or tree, the damage being localized to the impact zone. When vehicles collide, the damage is proportionate to the relative velocity of the vehicles, the damage increasing as the square of the velocity since it is the impact kinetic energy (1/2 mv2) which is the variable of importance. Much design effort is made to improve the impact resistance of cars so as to minimize user injury. It can be achieved in several ways: by enclosing the driver and passengers in a safety cell for example. The cell is reinforced so will survive in high speed crashes, and so protect the users. Parts of the body shell outside the cell are designed to crumple progressively, absorbing most of the kinetic energy which must be dissipated by the impact.
Various impact test are used to assess the effects of high loading, both on products and standard slabs of material. The Charpy test and Izod test are two examples of standardized methods which are used widely for testing materials. Ball or projectile drop tests are used for assessing product impacts.
The Columbia disaster was caused by impact damage when a chunk of polyurethane foam impacted the carbon fibre composite wing of the space shuttle. Although tests had been conducted before the disaster, the test chunks were much smaller than the chunk that fell away from the booster rocket and hit the exposed wing.
Mock-up of a space shuttle leading edge made with an RCC-panel taken from Discovery showing impact damage during a test
When fragile items are shipped, impacts and drops can cause product damage. Protective packaging and cushioning help reduce the peak acceleration by extending the duration of the shock or impact.[2]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Consumer Product Safety Commission. "Safety Standard for Bicycle Helmets" (PDF). Final Rule 16 CFR Part 1203. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 2006.
 2. ^ "Package Cushioning Design". MIL-HDBK 304C. DoD. 1997.
 - Goldsmith, W. (1960). Impact: The Theory and Physical Behaviour of Colliding Solids Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-42004-3
 - Poursartip, A. (1993). Instrumented Impact Testing at High Velocities, Journal of Composites Technology and Research, 15(1).
 - Toropov, AI. (1998). Dynamic Calibration of Impact Test Instruments, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 24(4).


TY - JOUR AU - Zayas, Vivian AU - Pandey, Gayathri AU - Tabak, Joshua PY - 2017 M3 - 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00355 SP - 355 TI - Red Roses and Gift Chocolates Are Judged More Positively in the U.S. Near Valentine's Day: Evidence of Naturally Occurring Cultural Priming JO - Frontiers in Psychology UR - _URL_ VL - 8 SN - _PHONE_ N2 - Attitudes are not static, but constructed at the moment of the evaluation, incorporating temporary contextual influences. How do meaningful events that naturally occur within a culture, such as a national holiday, shape evaluative judgments of objects related to the holiday? We focused on evaluations of red roses and gift chocolates, which are everyday objects, but also iconic of Valentine's Day in the U.S. We reasoned that if cultural events shape evaluations, then roses and chocolates would be evaluated differently near Valentine's Day. Using a large and diverse U.S. sample, we found that as Valentine's Day neared, evaluations of roses and chocolates (but not a comparison object) were evaluated more positively. Increases in positivity of roses and chocolates covaried with their increased cultural relevance, as quantified by the volume of web search queries involving these terms. These findings provide a demonstration of naturally occurring cultural priming by which the salience of cultural events shape evaluations. ER -


text:
If there is foam and soap powder residue in washing machine, refer to the suggestions below for step by step instructions.
The reason for foam in the washing machine is soap or another agent that has got into the machine.
- Foam is not a malfunction in your washing machine.
When your washing machine foams a lot, this may be due to:
- Adding too much soap
- A build up of soap powder residue in the machine caused by a adding too much soap and wash at low temperature.
- Capacity of the soap to prevent foam – soap type
- Washing the fabric with soap powder residue, e.g. cleaning rags with dishwashing detergent and similar
What you can do:
- Clean the machine – run repeated washes at the highest temperature without soap, until it does not produce any more foam.
- Clean the machine with washing machine cleaner. You may need to do this several times.
- Carefully follow the soap powder manufacturer's instructions on dosing
- Wash using a different brand of soap
- Run a boil wash regularly
- Use the extra rinse function
- Use cycles intended for the type of clothing
You may consider contacting the soap manufacturer for further advice and instructions for using the soap.
Foam in the washing machine is obviously not covered by warranty, as it is not a machine fault.
Examples of foam formation:


text:
Gdańsk History Museum is now a group of 8 museums, established in 1970, as a branch of the Pomeranian Museum in Gdansk. It then began to collect objects, pieces and documents of the town's history, from the Middle Ages to the present.
To think a museum's identity, we need to first think about what it represents. In this case, the group of 8 museums stands for Gdańsk. They show us the city's past history, stories, economics, battles, ideals and ideas. Fundamentally these museums store the city's true identity. The identity is based on the principle that this logo should not only represent its museums, but also the specificity of its city. The same way we recognise Gdańsk in its coat of arms we also see the city in its museums.
For the conception of the new symbol, each museum was metaphorically perceived has a fragment of the city's history, since each museum stores and exhibits cultural, historical, scientific and artistic parts of Gdańsk.
> website layout


text: In this study, a new formula based on artificial neural network (ANN) technique was developed to determine the efficiency of flat-plate solar collectors. In practice, the ANN model can be used for modeling the efficiency of solar collectors with complex structures when other models may have difficulties. Logistic sigmoid transfer function was used in the network. Meteorological data of summer session (from July to September) for Ankara were used as training data in order to train the neural network. Surface temperature in collector, date, time, solar radiation, declination angle, azimuth angle and tilt angle are used in the input layer of the network. The efficiency of flat-plate solar collector is in the output layer. The results show that the maximum and minimum deviations were found 2.558484 and 0.001969, respectively. The advantages of ANN model compared to the conventional testing methods are speed, simplicity, and the capacity of the ANN to learn from examples. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


text:
There are six main stages to every construction project in theory, however, every project is different and there may be additional stages depending on the work being done.
The first stage in most construction projects is the concept stage. This is the first idea and may come from the government, a private company, a property owner or a private landowner. An architect is normally hired to draw up schematic plans.
The second stage is when contracts and bid documents are put together as these are essential for bidders to see to understand the nature of the project and what it might cost in terms of labour and materials. These detailed plans will include information on electrical, mechanical and architectural aspects of the build.
The next stage involves different construction companies putting together their bids to complete the project. Once bids have been assessed, the project owner will award a contract and final documents can be drawn up detailing many aspects including cost controls and timeframes. For Building Companies Manchester, go to Piggott and Whitfield
This is the time when construction can begin. The permits and licences are finalised and subcontractors hired, so that groundwork can start on whatever is being built. This is the longest stage as there is a lot to consider, including excavation, laying foundations, flooring and roofing.
When the project is complete, the construction company receives payment. Once that is finalised, the building is complete and can be occupied. This, in a nutshell, is a brief overview of the many layers of a construction project.