text:
In this paper, an approach using polynomial phase chirp signals to model somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) is proposed. SEP waveforms are assumed as impulses undergoing group velocity dispersion while propagating along a multipath neural connection. Mathematical analysis of pulse dispersion resulting in chirp signals is performed. An automatic parameterization of SEPs is proposed using chirp models. A Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is used to optimize the model parameters. Features describing the latencies and amplitudes of SEPs are automatically derived. A rat model is then used to evaluate the automatic parameterization of SEPs in two experimental cases, i.e., anesthesia level and spinal cord injury (SCI). Experimental results show that chirp-based model parameters and the derived SEP features are significant in describing both anesthesia level and SCI changes. The proposed automatic optimization based approach for extracting chirp parameters offers potential for detailed SEP analysis in future studies. The method implementation in Matlab technical computing language is provided online.
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Heart Failure
What is a soft tissue artifact?
A Answers (1)
 - ASCAI answered
 A "soft tissue artifact" may show up on an image produced by a nuclear stress test. During a nuclear stress test you receive an injection of a special radioactive dye that then travels through your blood vessels. A nuclear camera is used to take color-coded pictures of the heart to measure blood flow before, during and after exercise.
 After a stress test, your physician may mention that you have "soft tissue artifact," or "soft tissue attenuation." What this means is that soft tissue, such as breast tissue, is showing up on the image created by the stress test. Soft tissue artifact can give the false appearance of an area of reduced blood flow to the heart.
Did You See? Close
What will happen during a standard resting echocardiogram?


text:
Rationale for Change
Although the field of medicine continues to attract some of the brightest and most capable people who go on to lead impactful and meaningful careers as physicians, it became clear that medical education was in need of change and reform. With the exponential expansion of scientific knowledge, medical education needed to do its part in developing a student's ability and desire for lifelong learning.
Historically, medical education has focused on developing a competent clinical practitioner, and this rightly remains one of the most fundamental goals of medical education. However, the complexities of the modern health care system have gone beyond individual clinical practice.
Medical education must prepare students for practice in this complex, team-based, interdisciplinary setting. Not only must these students prepare to practice in these settings, they must also be the ones who influence the creation of new settings as the field of medicine responds to the needs of society.
The faculty at UMMS identified 5 reasons for change:
- Our discipline is growing exponentially with regard to knowledge, skills, and attributes – far exceeding what could be covered within the confines of a medical school curriculum.
- Medical education programs are structured in serial silos; yet development must be integrated and longitudinal.
- Assessment tools are inadequate and incomplete with regard to what students will be expected to do.
- The intensity of the practice environment and its associated requirements are disconnecting our instructors and assessors from our learners.
- Society is asking for a different kind of health system and health practitioner.
In our commitment to educate these future physician leaders, the University of Michigan Medical School took the lead on transforming medical education.
Every graduate of the University of Michigan Medical School leaves with a duty to be a change agent in society. Students must be able to work in teams and develop, implement, and disseminate projects that impact health while they are in school so that they are fully equipped to create meaningful change when they leave medical school.
Our goal was to create a curricular program that would be transformative and improve the health of patients.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
After war, the number of pure blood devil number decreased and almost went extinct except for 3 clan who did survive. So they are taking humans to increase their numbers in the form of chess pieces. I have only watched the anime and information about Raiser Phoenix's chess pieces was very little. However, it was mentioned that his own sister Ravel Phoenix was a bishop who was revived as demon. What does it mean - isn't she a demon already?
Does that mean Rias Gremory is also servant of higher rank devil, or every pure blood devil are king and they choose their chess pieces/servant except Ravel Phoenix's case where she died and revived as demon as other piece of chess?
And to be chosen as a chess piece, must the person die or not, since the word revived is used. What are the conditions for someone to be chosen the servant? Can it be anyone?


Tag: assassin bug (Page 1 of 3)
Bug of the Week: All About Assassin Bugs
We have shown photographs of assassin bugs before, but let's learn more about them.
(Assassin Bug Egg Mass by Jim Kalisch, UNL Entomology)
Assassin bugs start out as eggs like the ones above.
The eggs hatch into colorful nymphs. They are small at first.
Assassin bugs often are found sitting on flowers lying in wait for other insects to visit. If another insect, such as a fly, caterpillar or leafhopper, comes into reach the assassin bug will capture it and feed on it. Assassin bugs are true bugs, which means their mouthparts are straw-like beaks that are usually tucked under their heads.
As it feeds and molts, the nymph becomes larger. This individual is almost an adult. You can tell by the size of the wing pads on the back of the thorax.
This is an adult assassin bug. Look how its color has changed, such as the legs have gone from spotted to solid green. Now its wings are red and cover the back of the abdomen. If you look really close, you may be able to see its beak curving under its head.
Look at those long antennae. That's one way it senses its food. It also uses its long front legs.
Assassin bugs like these are members of the genus Zelus. They are common throughout North America.
Have you ever seen an assassin bug like this?
Bug of the Week: Milkweed Insects Identified
Did you guess the identities of the milkweed insects from last week? Let's check.
 1. The yellow-orange insects on the stem are aphids. More specifically, they are the oleander aphid, Aphis nerii. Hint: Aphids are the ones with two "tailpipes" or cornicles on the back.
2. The red and black one insect might be hard to tell from this angle, but it is a true bug. A little one with two white dots in the wing is a small milkweed bug, Lygaeus kalmii.
3. This one was tough because the photograph isn't very close. It is an assassin bug, Zelus renardii. It is probably waiting for a bee or fly to capture.
4. I think everyone recognized the praying mantis. In this case, it is the Mediterranean mantis, Iris oratoria. (See previous post).
5. This one is tricky. Cirrelda correctly recognized it is a lady beetle.
6. The pale green oval at the end of the hairlike stalk is the egg of a lacewing. (Life cycle in previous post).
7. The cute striped caterpillar will turn into a monarch butterfly.
At this time of year, the butterfly will probably migrate farther north to lay its eggs on another milkweed plant.
We're glad it stopped by.
Bug of the Week: Predator and Prey
What insects are on the zinnias this week?
assassin-bug-nymph-on-zinnia-bet0071
This little assassin bug nymph has orange spots that match the flower heads.
geron-flyon-zinnia0074
I doubt this Geron bee fly is fooled.
Getting outdoors is a great way to celebrate Earth Day.
Are you doing anything special for Earth Day today?
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Autotuning control structures for reliability-driven dynamic binding
This paper explores a formally grounded approach to solve the problem of dynamic binding in serviceoriented software architecture. Dynamic binding is a widely adopted mean to automatically bind exposed software interfaces to actual implementations. The execution of an operation on one or another implementation, though providing the same result, could turn out in different quality of service, e.g. due to failure occurrence. Dynamic binding is thus of primary importance to achieve what in the Software Engineering domain is called "selfadaptiveness", the capability to preserve a desired quality of service, if this is feasible. It is important to reach this goal also in the presence of environmental fluctuations – a route congestion increase – or even abrupt variations – a server breakdown. A quite general dynamic binding problem is here reformulated as a discrete-time feedback control one, and the use of autotuning techniques is discussed, extending previous research, in a view to guaranteeing the desired quality of service without the need for computationally-intensive optimisations.
- Technology and Engineering
51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control


The XTT^2 Attribute Specification
Author: Grzegorz J. Nalepa
Version: Draft 2008Q3
Please put bigger remarks/discussusion, to the attributes development page
The following assumptions for system modeling with ALSV(FD) rules is given:
 - the system is modeled with the use of attributes (state variables!),
 - the state of the system is fully described with attribute values,
 - rule firing can possibly change system state by changing attribute values,
 - the state can be changed from the outside by means of attributes
 - controller vs. object
 - decision system (information system) vs. physical system (subject of decision)
 - system vs. environment
The expressiveness of the attributive language constraints the expressiveness of the rule language.
Attribute Types
For each attribute a type (named type) has to be stated. It is based on the basic type.
Basic Types
Attribute types allow to be more specific about certain object properties, certain types allow for certain intuitive operations, e. g. arithmetic,
The following very general basic types are provided:
 - symbolic
 - numeric with scale
The numeric types are introduced to allow for arithmetic operations.
With numeric type there exist explicitly predefined upper and lower limits enforced by the implementation, simply referenced as LMAX, and LMIN (L stands for limit).
A domain is a discrete, finite set of allowed attribute values.
The numeric domain is an ordered one.
For the symbolic domain we consider two cases:
 - an unordered one, corresponds to a set
 - ordered one, corresponds to a list
Real numbers (floats) can be used in the system, but we explicitly state how many digits are allowed before and after the decimal point (so they are in fact integers like in many other programming languages).
Domain Spec
Domain specification can use a straightforward notation in a form:
VALS := '{'SYM(','SYM)*'}'
VALS := '<'NUM','NUM'>'
VALS := '{'NUM(','NUM)*'}'
LETTER := 'a'-'z'|'A'-'Z'
Ordered symbolic domain
Ordered symbolic domain is a set of symbols with an order function defined. This corresponds (in a vague sense) to the so-called linguistic variables in other formalisms.
The order specification can start from 0 or 1.
In this way, one might have a named attribute type day-of-week having an ordered symbolic domain, and be able to:
 - use 1 instead of sunday and vice versa
 - compare monday < tuesday
Named Types
It is assumed, that in a given system the so called named attribute types are used.
The named attribute type description includes
 - a type name, e.g. boolean, colors, temperature
 - a basic type, e.g. symbolic, symbolic, numeric
 - in the case of the numeric type the scale specification FIXME
 - domain definition, e.g. {false,true} (ordered, starts from 0), {red,green,blue}, {-50,100}
A type is named and it specifies:
 - basic type
 - domain
 - a group (optional)
Defining Attributes
 1. create a named attribute type or use an existing one, e.g. temperature
 2. choose name that uniquely identifies the attribute, e.g. thermostat_setting, thus create a named attribute
 3. decide whether the attribute is a simple or general one (see ALSV(FD), that is if it takes only single (atomic) values, or multiple or (non-atomic)) values
 4. attribute specification can also optionally inlcude
 - abbreviated name
 - textual description
 - a group reference (see below)
 - semantic annotation see Semantic annotation
 5. communication mode has to be specified, see System Communication,
 - communication class: in, out, state, comm
 - attribute callback predicate
Attribute Values
Attributes can have atomic or non-atomic values (for general attributes). Number of values for general attributes is not limited.
In a general sense the general attribute value is an unordered set. This set can be treated in different ways depending on semantics as a regular set or an ordered one.
Currently there are no plans to support regions algebra, that is to allow treating the value set as an ordord one (a list).
To provide the proper semantics: "no value", "unset", "not defined yet", etc. the special value NULL is introduced.
Following the RDBM convention and logic, a NULL attribute value is possible.
The semantics can be: "no value", "unset", "not defined yet", etc. Yes; to me, we should accept NULL exactly as it is in RDB systems. This allows to import data as they are.
See here for the binding resolution.
However, we could consider another semantics, such as "unknown", see below.
ND or NA
On the other hand, we can consider introducing ND or NA as for example the capacity of and electric engine, meaning "does not apply", e.g. "maiden name" in case of a male.
NULL as "unknown" should be treated as an extension. Its use should be explicitly allowed in the attribute specification.
Explicit Notation
A simple explicit notation for attributes is to represent/store all values, e.g. {1,2,3,4,5}.
Implicit Notation
For setting attribute value the same implicit notation as for the domains should be used (a sum of ranges or values), i.e. S=<5,8>u{3}. at both the HML and HMR levels.
I agree. We should define the rules for well-formed expressions (enabling unique calculation of values), and allow for using it. This should be based on set algebra and incorporate the notational variants, such as A > 5 (which in fact means A={6,7} if the domain of A is {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}.
So we use the sum SetTheory operator and sets of values.
Syntactic suger on the interface level, consider attribute T, domain {0,50}, we mean, t=<10, the tool sould hint, t=<0,10>, in STATE we store t=<0,10>, see above.
Attribute Groups
Attribute groups (AG) provide means for defining a certain common context for a given set of named attributes. AG provide a certain namespace for attributes. Attributes within a group can be referenced by their name only, by using a simple Group.Attribute syntax.
AG Example
Example: to support date, we would:
 1. define a named attribute year as integer with domain <0,upper>
 2. define a named attribute month as ordered symbolic with domain <1-12> (see ordered symbolic domain)
 3. define a named attribute day as ordered symbolic with domain {mon-sun}
 4. define a AG date with named atts year, month, day in its scope.
AG Template
An AG can could function as template (an "attribute type").
Let's suppose we want to represent a "date of birth" and "current date". So, we need a "date", then think what is a date.
 1. we define "day" as a numeric integer attribute with constraints <1,30>
 2. we define "month" as a symbolic attribute with values jan-dec and an ordered domain 1-12
 3. we define "year" as a numeric integer attribute with constraints e.g. 1970-MAX
 4. we define a AG type "date" having day, month, and year.
 5. we define two physical attributes "date of birth" and "current date" having the type of "date"
The CASE tools should support a concept of an attribute library, where some predefined types are available.
FIXME this requires some discussion
(For some developers: Attribute groups are not the so-called grouped attributes from the XTT+ proposal, where they were supposed to work a special data structure…)
Attribute Blackboard
In XTT^2 attributes are indirectly used as communication means between the system and the world.
For the full discussion see System Communication in the XTT^2 page.
see for FIXME s in this page.
Pending and Future Work
ALSV numerics
FIXME intepret alsv operators/formulas for numerics
Type mappings
(For developers)
For implementing the inference engine, explicit language mappings between Prolog and:
 - ANSI C
 - Java
 - SQL
have to be considered
Type specification has Prolog, SQL and Java mapping in mind (we map to Java object, not basic types, so Integer, not int).
 - For RDB2Prolog see SWI ODBC
 - See also UnixODBC
 - Java/Prolog types mapping in JPL
 - There is no binary type (blob)!
Below is an OLD Discussion, needs updates.
Integer is a subset of Numeric. An integer value is a numeric value with scale set to zero.
Name Prolog Java C RDB
Bool basic use java.lang.Boolean int bool
Symbol atom java.lang.String char* var char
Numeric (fixed-point) float java.lang.Number.Float float float
Integer integer java.lang.Number.Integer int integer
Symbol might also be called String.
check types in Hibernate!!! FIXME
Basic types in other languages (also called primitive types):
 1. in Prolog there are no types (on the low-level)
 2. in Java/C


text:
October 13, 2006
An innovative process that converts low-energy longwave photons (light particles) into higher-energy shortwave photons has been developed by a team of researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz and at the Sony Materials Science Laboratory in Stuttgart. With the skillful combination of two light-active substances, the scientists have, for the first time, manipulated normal light, such as sunlight, to combine the energy in photons with particular wavelengths (Physical Review Letters, October 4, 2006). This has previously only been achieved with a similar process using high-energy density laser light. The successful outcome of this process could lay the foundation for a new generation of more efficient solar cells.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Double-peak Splitting in High-order Harmonics Generation
- WANG Yingsong, LIU Yaqing, YANG Xiaodong, XU Zhizhan
- Chinese Optics Letters SCI(E) SCOPUS
- in 2000
- Cited Count
- Wanfang Data
When the intensity of the driving pulse is much higher than the saturation intensity of the media involved, the double-peak splitting in frequency domain emerges in the generated high-order harmonic spectra. The possible origins of this splitting are carefully investigated. The ionization of the gas media and the propagation effect of harmonic field are the main reason for the double-peak splitting observed.
If you register references through the customer center, the reference information will be registered as soon as possible.


text:
- Does within 30 days mean before or after?
- Does Within mean including?
- How do you use the word within?
- What does within 2 hours mean?
- What does 2 days before mean?
- What does it mean within 48 hours?
- What does within a date mean?
- What does within 28 days mean?
- What is another word for within?
- What does 3 days prior?
- What does within 3 days mean?
- What does within a day mean?
- How long is 30 days from now?
- Is it within or with in?
- What is the difference between with and within?
- What does within 30 days of your birthday mean?
- How many days was 3 days ago?
- What will it be in 2 days?
Does within 30 days mean before or after?
Within 30 days of the expiration date = You have a period of 30 days before the expiration date (inclusive)..
Does Within mean including?
Answers and Replies On the one hand, 'within' does have the sense of 'inside', so would not include the boundaries, but in practice it would be impossible to determine exactly a mile, so whether 'within a mile' includes that is immaterial.
How do you use the word within?
Examples of When to Use "Within" in a SentencePlease get that back to me within a few days.We will be there within two hours.You need to go to the store within that time frame for the sale.Two days was within the time frame you gave me.Monday is within the sale period.
What does within 2 hours mean?
The phrase means: You may perhaps be called within an hour. You will definitely be called within two hours. There is no implication that your being called within one hour is any more likely than your being called between one and two hours. … I'll be home in an hour, two hours tops.
What does 2 days before mean?
Two days prior means 2 calendar days. So if your flight is on friday, then you can upgrade on wednesday. It becomes wednesday, at midnight tuesday night/wednesday morning.
What does it mean within 48 hours?
13. ＋ New List. 48 hours means a 48-hour period occurring during business days which includes any day except Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday.
What does within a date mean?
If I ask to have something down "within a day" I mean 24 hours from now – today is day 0 and tomorrow is day 1, the day that it is due. So "within 7 days" means it is due on day 7, counting today as day 0. … So, if you wanted to specify exactly one week, you could say "168 hours".
What does within 28 days mean?
"return within 28 days of receipt" means that you have 28 days from the date that you received the goods to return them. If they wanted it to mean 28 days from placing the order, then that is what they should've stated.
What is another word for within?
In this page you can discover 39 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for within, like: on the inside, throughout, during, inside, in a period of, in less than, in, not further than, not beyond, not over and in reach of.
What does 3 days prior?
three days before means that it happened three days in advance of something or before something happened.
What does within 3 days mean?
"Within one day of the first" would mean the 2nd. "Within two days of the first" would mean the 3nd. "Within three days of the first" would mean the 4th. On the 5th of the month, if still unpaid, the contract would be in breach.
What does within a day mean?
The phrase is commonly used to refer to the future ("we will deliver it within the/a day," or some number of days) or a 24 hour period. Here is an example: 'Handmaid's Tale' Wines Pulled Within A Day Of Backlash, meaning it was pulled within 24 hours.
How long is 30 days from now?
Days from Today Conversion TableDaysDate Days from TodayDate (Y-m-d)30 DaysSun 17th Jan 20212021-01-1731 DaysMon 18th Jan 20212021-01-1832 DaysTue 19th Jan 20212021-01-1933 DaysWed 20th Jan 20212021-01-2046 more rows
Is it within or with in?
Within and without should not be written with a space between with/in or with/out, according to all major dictionaries. This is a good lesson for us all (myself included) to be sure in the future to remember that these words are always written as one word (i.e. within), not two separate words (with in).
What is the difference between with and within?
The preposition within has nothing to do with the ordinary sense of the preposition with = "accompanying, alongside, by means of, etc.". Within means "inside" in spatial, temporal and figurative senses.
What does within 30 days of your birthday mean?
Answered June 12, 2018. It means that you should pay expenses(or whatever ) within 30days of the date of commencement.
How many days was 3 days ago?
3 days before today would be Monday, December 14, 2020. There are 31 days in December 2020. 2020 is a leap year, so there are 366 days in this year (there are 29 days in February 2020).
What will it be in 2 days?
2 days from today (1 weekdays) would be Saturday, December 19, 2020.


text:
A is for Art Museum
Temple University Press | ISBN 9781592139637
Hardback – 64 pages
Member's price: $39.56
Usually ships within 2–11 business days.
An art museum is a magical place. What will you find inside? This playful primer features 37 full-color illustrations of paintings, sculpture, tapestries, prints, photographs, and installations from the collections of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Children can learn their ABCs while discovering the beauty of a bridge by Monet, a dancer by Degas, a medieval knight's helmet, a Japanese teahouse, and other wonders from around the world. In "A is for Art Museum", children are encouraged to see art in new ways. Each image is accompanied by questions designed to engage their imaginations and spark lively conversations. Activities at the back of this book suggest ways for children and adults to create stories out of each picture, or to turn a trip to an art museum into a 'treasure hunt'. Like a visit to a museum, "A is for Art Museum" provides endless opportunities for interaction, fun, and learning.It is recommended for ages 2-5. It is published in association with the Philadelphia Museum of Art.


If the ascending sort matches the current value of X coordinates, the right-swipe condition is set. Conversely, if the descending sort is matched, the left-swipe condition is set. The eventString variable holds this condition and will be executed as shown below.
Listing 5. Main logic continued, event execution
 # reset all data points, yes you can have 0 fingers at x,y
 _USER_ = ();
 _USER_ = ();
 _USER_ = ();
 }# if not one or two or three fingers
 # only process one event per time window
 if( $eventString ne "default" )
 if( abs(time - $eventTime) > 1 )
 $eventTime = time;
 SendKeys( "$eventString");
 }_TAG_ enough time has passed
 $eventString = "default";
 }_TAG_ non default event
}_TAG_ line in
At this point, each data structure for pinch or swipe is reset if three fingers are not detected. If an event has been set and the current time is far enough from the last event execute time, a new event is executed. The SendKeys subroutine sends the appropriate event (Alt+left or right arrow) to the currently focused application. As shown in the demo video (see Resources), these three-finger gestures are used to move forward and backward in the browsing history.
Pinch gestures
Pinch gestures are substantially more complicated to detect, especially on the older hardware used to develop this article. Monitoring the open-and-close gestures in real time using a tool like kst is a helpful way to extract relevant features from the TouchPad data. Insert the code in Listing 6 at line 65 (above the else) to begin the close-pinch detection section.
Listing 6. Close-pinch detection
 }elsif( $f eq "2" || $f eq "1" )
 # accept 1 or 2 finger entries as part of pinch section
 _USER_ = ();
 push _USER_, $x;
 push _USER_, $y;
 if( _USER_ > 50 )
 if( (getStrAvg(\_USER_) > $closeSt && getStrAvg(\_USER_) > $closeSt) &&
 (getEndAvg(\_USER_) < $closeEn && getEndAvg(\_USER_) < $closeEn) )
 # wide to narrow detected, now search for enough 'wiggle'
 my $tenX = 0;
 my $tenY = 0;
 for my $each( _USER_[40..49] ){ $tenX += $each }
 for my $each( _USER_[40..49] ){ $tenY += $each }
 $tenX = $tenX / 10;
 $tenY = $tenY / 10;
 my $diffX = 0;
 my $diffY = 0;
 for my $each( _USER_[40..49] ){ $diffX += abs( $each - $tenX ) }
 for my $each( _USER_[40..49] ){ $diffY += abs( $each - $tenY ) }
 # ctrl - decrease font size
 if( ($diffX+$diffY) > 80 ){ $eventString = "^({-})" }
 _USER_ = ();
 _USER_ = ();
 _USER_ = ();
 }_TAG_ x and y in range
 }_TAG_ enough data for 50 close pinch detection
One or two fingers are accepted as part of the pinch-detection step to enhance the overall tracking. Slightly offset timings of touches and releases, as well as moving one finger slightly off the TouchPad during pinch movements are dealt with more easily by accepting one or two touches as part of the pinch movement.
After 50 or more data points have been collected, the average start and end positions of the past 50 data points are computed. The third if statement performs four separate checks to ensure that the start and end points are in the correct parts for a close-pinch detection — specifically if the X and Y averages for the start points need to be more than the close-pinch start points. That is, the positions of the fingers need to be in the corners. Conversely, the end points need to be within the close-pinch end points. getStrAvg and getEndAvg create averages of the three start and end points, which are a more reliable data point for the check.
True multitouch capability would allow for an X and Y coordinate reading of each finger position. The Synaptics hardware available does not have this capability, but does provide consistent behaviors as the two-finger touch points are "averaged" into one output for the synclient program. Monitoring the output of the synclient program shows that when two fingers touch in the southwest and northeast corners, the values rapidly go from the corners to the center of the TouchPad. If the fingers are kept in the corners, the synclient output shows the X and Y coordinates staying near the center. As the fingers are moved toward the center, this automatic averaging shows slight perturbation. The wiggle in the data is detected by the section of code above to indicate a close pinch, as opposed to the synthetic averaging of data points when the fingers are held in the corners without movement.
Ten of the trailing values of the X and Y coordinate history are averaged together. The difference between each of the last 10 trailing values and the average for the last 10 is then computed. If the overall difference is great enough (greater than 80 in this case), enough wiggle has been detected and the close-pinch condition is set in eventString.
Add the code shown in Listing 7 at line 103 (below the close-pinch 50-point if closing bracket ) for open-pinch detection.
Listing 7. Open-pinch detection
 _TAG_ pinch requires substantially fewer data points
 if( _USER_ > 10 )
 if( (getStrAvg(\_USER_) < $openSt && getStrAvg(\_USER_) < $openSt) &&
 (getEndAvg(\_USER_) > $openEn && getEndAvg(\_USER_) > $openEn) )
 # ctrl + increase font size
 $eventString = "^({+})";
 _USER_ = ();
 _USER_ = ();
 _USER_ = ();
 }_TAG_ absx and absy
 }_TAG_ enough data
In addition to requiring substantially fewer data points for reliable detection of an open pinch, the wiggle-detection step is not necessary. With real-time monitoring using a program like kst, synclient output shows a much broader range of data points collected for the open-pinch gesture. The automatic averaging of the two fingers positions does not produce a large influence on the synclient X and Y coordinates during an open-pinch gesture. Therefore, it is no longer necessary to recognize the wiggle for accurate gesture detection. Listing 8 shows the getStrAvg and getEndAvg averaging subroutines.
Listing 8. Two averaging routines
sub getStrAvg
 my $arrRef = $_[0];
 my $val = (@$arrRef[0] + @$arrRef[1] + @$arrRef[2]) / 3;
 $val = abs( $val - $centerTouchPad );
sub getEndAvg
 my $arrRef = $_[0];
 my $val = (@$arrRef[@$arrRef-3] + @$arrRef[@$arrRef-2] +
 @$arrRef[@$arrRef-1]) / 3;
 $val = abs( $val - $centerTouchPad );
Place the code shown in Listing 8 at line 144 (the end of the file) to complete the program. getStrAvg and getEndAvg are responsible for returning the average of the first three array elements and the average of the last three array elements, respectively.
Activating the program is a simple matter of running the command perl Bring your Web-browsing window into focus and try moving through the browsing history with left and right swipes. Note that due to the smaller track-pad size, as well as the inherent limitations of the ability of the hardware, it may take some practice before you can reliably trigger gesture events. Consult the demonstration video (see Resources) for examples of hand movements that work on the author's ThinkPad. If you want to re-enable TouchPad "mouseiness," run synclient TouchPadOff=0 after exiting the program.
Conclusion and further examples
Linkage between gestures and events
Keep in mind that the SendKeys command will send the appropriate commands (Alt+Left, Ctrl+/-, etc.) to the currently focused application, regardless of the functionality this triggers. A relatively simple change to consider is specifying different keystrokes or mouse events to send to an application based on the window name.
Further examples and modifications
The combination presented here of analysis and processing of synclient output and synthetic X event creation is only one path for added functionality to the Synaptics TouchPad. Consider adding additional gesture recognition, such as pinch rotate through further feature extraction from the synclient output. Alternatively, modify the Synaptics driver source code to support additional features at the kernel level and rewrite applications to take better advantage of these new input channels.
Sample codeos-touchpad.gestureListener_0.1.zip2KB
 - Check out the multitouch demonstration video at
 -


HOME > SUPPORT
Simple instructions for using the snowflake ice machine
2022-10-24 09:48:02
There are many ice machines on the market, but the one that is favored by experimenters is the Snowflake ice machine. The finely crushed ice makes it perform well in ice bath experiments, and the large contact area with the sample tubes cools the temperature quickly without contaminating the biological samples.
Of course, if you want the machine to make standard snowflake ice, your use should follow the ice machine instructions. Today, Tianchi will take you to briefly learn the use of snowflake ice machine.
1.Before powering on the snowflake ice machine, connect to the water source, open the water valve switch and adjust the water pressure.
2.Initial power on, if the 5 lights are on 1S at the same time, it means the system completes the power on reset, and it can work normally.
3.If the power indicator (L1) is on, and the water shortage indicator (L3) is flashing, it means that the power is on for 3min delay.
4.Tap the button (M0) or 3min delay time to, snowflake ice machine start working, ice auger motor start first, 15s after the compressor work, the fan is controlled, ice full automatic shutdown.
5.In the working process of the snowflake ice machine, click the button to manually shut down the machine, shut down the compressor first, the fan and ice auger motor delay 15s to shut down, ice full indicator light (L2) flashing, indicating the shutdown state, click the button again to turn on the machine.
6.In the delayed boot stage, click the button to end the delay and quickly boot up the computer.
The operation of the snowflake ice machine is not difficult, as long as you follow the instructions to operate once, the next use will be very simple it!
Simple instructions for using the snowflake ice machine


text:
Casa dos Ventos portfolio is the largest in Brazil. To get here, we have spent years of research developing a proprietary methodology to identify and assess the main wind resources of the country. We have established a factory to produce measurement towers that enables us to have the largest campaign of anemometric measurements in the country.
LIDAR campaign in Jacobina - BA
Low Uncertainty in Power Generation
Besides having over 450 measurement towers generating information for our projects, we use remote sensing devices to validate our models and reduce uncertainties in the estimates of energy production.
Casa dos Ventos uses two types of remote sensing equipment: LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging and SODAR (Sound Detection and Ranging). The LIDAR and SODAR use the Doppler effect through beams of light and sound, respectively. The great advantages are the capability to operate them with great mobility in the field and to measure the wind up to 200m of height.
Another procedure that we have adopted in order to reduce uncertainties in the assessment of the wind resource is the laser profiling of the projects' topography. Through this survey, we have a greater accuracy of the terrain and vegetation, variables that have influence on the flow of the wind.
We believe that knowledge through research is what keeps us in a leading position in the Brazilian wind sector. For this, we have entered into strategic partnerships with equipment suppliers, software developers and independent certifiers, among others, always with the objective to exchange information and technology. These are some of the initiatives that qualify our staff and make Casa dos Ventos the only Brazilian company to submit technical studies and reports at the leading international wind energy conferences.
SODAR measurement in Simões - PI


text:
Open Problem: Graph traversal in small memory
We have a graph G and a pool of k locations. Each location can hold one node of the graph. We say that an edge is evaluated if both its endpoints reside in the pool. In order to evaluate all the edges of $G$, one has to take turns and move nodes in to the pool whenever needed. The cost of an evaluation is the total number of times nodes are loaded on to the pool. The problem is find an evaluation of minimum cost. Approximation algorithms are ok.


for many ethnic cuisines. It is an attractive food because there are about 350 different shapes to choose from. Pasta gets made with unleavened dough and sometimes eggs, but the most common pasta types are those without eggs. Pasta without eggs is dried pasta that you often see boxed in the grocery store because they have a long shelf life. Noodles Noodles can get made from different materials, including rice. They can begin as dough like pasta is, but the flour to make noodles is finer than the flour used to make pasta. This results in a finer and smooth textured product that is soft enough to swallow whole. The name came from German and Latin words that explain that noodles are made with unleavened dough and cooked in boiling water. Noodles can be dense enough to add to casseroles and soups without becoming mushy. You often see them in long thin strips even though there are various noodle shapes. Pasta vs. Noodles Up until now you probably thought pasta and noodles were interchangeable. This is not the case because they have many differences from flour to varieties to calories. Flour Noodles get made with a finer flour while pasta gets made with a harder type of flour. The difference in flour makes noodles a lighter color and smoother texture. The carbs in noodles vs. pasta are pretty much exact. You enjoy beneficial complex carbohydrates from either of these dishes. If you are wondering "are noodles low carb?", the answer will depend on how much you eat. 100g of plain noodles and 100g of plain pasta both sit around 25g of carbohydrates. Types When it comes to pasta vs. noodles categories, they are based on the ingredient used to create them. For example, you can find potato noodles, rice noodles, and more. Pasta is a little more traditional. The dried and fresh varieties refer to not made with eggs and made with eggs. If we are talking about Italian pasta vs. noodles, we are referring to the fresh variety of pasta made with eggs. Calories The calorie content in pasta vs. noodles is similar, yet different enough to matter to some. The calories in pasta are generally a bit higher than in noodles at about 15 more per cup. Which Will You Choose? The rivalry between pasta vs. noodles is slight because they have similar nutritional values. The biggest difference you will find between the two is how they are made and the texture of each. It really comes down to what you prefer so which will you choose? Whether you are craving pasta or noodles, you can count on us. Check out our delivery options and place an order now! 1 2021-03-02 How to Choose the Best Wine for Your Italian Dish Wine and Italian dishes go hand-in-hand. The sweet flavors of red wine are perfect for everything from a simple pasta dish, down to the best tasting lasagna that you've ever had. But red wine is broad. Plus, there are white wines available as well. So how do you know which wine pairing to get for your dish? Here is our quick guide to wine pairing with Italian dishes. Creamy Dishes Think along the lines of Fettucini Alfredo when it comes to creamy dishes. For these, a good Chardonnay or other white wines will pair the best. These wines are often paired in contrast to the dish, bringing out fruity flavors where you would find the creamier herb-based flavors. If you're having mushrooms with your pasta dish, pairing with a merlot is never a bad choice. Red or Tomato-Based Dishes Red and tomato-based dishes go best when paired with red wines. While that may seem like an overload, wines like Montepulciano d'Abruzzo and Barbera d'Asti are perfect for adding in those light fruits. These wines are often dry and help offset the lighter, acidic taste that comes with tomato-based dishes. You'll find the scent overpowering the tomato. It'll feel pleasant to feel the wine overtaking the taste buds after each bite. Light or Pesto Dishes With light dishes that feature pesto as the sauce, stick with a light wine, usually a Chardonnay. With this pasta and wine pairing, you want the dish to be featured more effectively, as these dishes are not overloaded with sauce. This way, you can taste the herbs and spices put into the dish and taste the Chardonnay afterward. Instead of washing the dish down, it brings the flavor to light, often adding to the creamy and light texture that comes with pesto dishes. Cheese-Heavy Dishes The best lasagna wine pairing is going to be the Primitivo di Manduria. This wine features ripe and juicy flavors from strawberries and cherries. The wine typically mixes with the juices from the cheese and meat to create a wonderful partnership. If you're feeling ravioli, go the opposite route and pick up a Pinot Grigio. This light wine with a pear taste complements the combination of different cheeses within. Seafood Dishes If you like seafood in your dish, pick up a Reisling for the best results. The crisp nature often complements the salty meat that comes from the sea. If you're going with lobster though, a Chardonnay is still a great choice. The sauce paired with the seafood is often creamy, giving you a double infusion of beautiful textures, with a bite from the meat itself. Wine Pairing Isn't Limited to Our Recommendations At the end of the day, the sky's the limit when it comes to wine pairing. Feel free to experiment to find what wine works the best with your palate. While one person may enjoy Chardonnay with their Shrimp Scampi, you might enjoy a Reisling. Hungry after reading the article? Be sure to give us a call to get a to-go order started for you. 1 2021-02-23 5 Awesome Health Benefits of Pizza Is pizza your favorite "unhealthy" food? Did you know that roughly three billion pizzas are sold every year in the United States? That's a lot of cheese and dough! While pizza isn't one of the healthiest foods in the world, there are a few benefits to eating pizza. Do you need more reasons to eat pizza? We've got them. Not sure if we're telling the truth? That's okay, let's talk about it. Keep reading to learn all about some of the health benefits of pizza that you've never heard about. 1. Pizza is a Protein Powerhouse Do you get enough protein in your diet? This is one area in which pizza undeniably shines. It doesn't matter what kind of pizza you're getting; you'll get a protein punch. Protein makes up the content of your nails, hair, muscles, and bones. It keeps you moving, energized, and strong. We all need adequate protein to get strong and stay healthy. If you choose to get meat on your pizza, you know you'll have lean (or not so lean) protein piled onto your pie. Even if you don't like meat, cheese alone is a great source of protein! Pizza as a post-workout dinner? Yes, please. 2. Red Sauce is Good for You


How to Determine a Corporation's Fiscal Year End Date
by Jeff Franco
 A corporation's fiscal year refers to the 12-month period it uses for financial and tax reporting purposes when a calendar year isn't used. Initially, a corporation can choose any fiscal year it wants, but it must maintain its books and records in accordance with that fiscal year. If you want to determine the fiscal year that a company uses, the information is readily available if the company is publicly traded. Private corporation fiscal years, however, can be a little more difficult to determine.
 Choosing Fiscal Year
 Since a corporation is treated as a separate taxpayer, it must obtain an employer identification number, or EIN, with the IRS in order to file its taxes. Corporations can choose a tax year at the time of applying for the EIN, but the IRS doesn't consider a corporation's tax year as being officially adopted until it receives the first corporate tax return. However, when corporations use a fiscal year for financial reporting that doesn't end on December 31, its tax year must match the fiscal year. Therefore, when you're able to determine a company's fiscal year, barring unusual circumstances, its tax year should cover the same period.
 Public Company Information
 Federal law requires all public corporations that have their stock trading on a public exchange within the U.S. to register with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Once registered, a corporation has a legal obligation to publish audited financial statements. Whether it's a quarterly or annual financial statement, the published statement will clearly state what the corporation's fiscal year is. There are various resources available for accessing a corporation's financial statements. The SEC maintains the "EDGAR database" on its website that stores all financial statement filing for every public company. But since the information is public, you can usually find the statements in other places, such as one of the many financial news organization websites.
 Private Corporation Financials
 It gets a little more complicated when you're trying to determine the fiscal year of a private corporation. Private corporations can range from a small business with just one or two shareholders to multimillion-dollar corporations. Since these corporations don't raise capital from the public by having their stock listed on a public exchange, they're under no obligation to make any financial information available to the public. Generally, only government agencies like the IRS and private creditors of the corporation will have access to that information.
 Accessing Private Corporation Information
 There are resources available online, some of which may require a premium subscription, which store financial information for large private corporations. Dunn & Bradstreet is one of the more popular firms that offer private company information. And if the company you want information on has a contract with a government agency, you may be able to extract fiscal year information from the government contractor database. If all else fails, you can always try and reach someone at the company, though business owners may not always be so willing to divulge any information.
 About the Author


between some commonly used words in yeast vernacular. Next week's Beer Science entry will focus on the specifics of using Brett and why using this yeast will make your beer taste so (in)famous!
Species vs. Strain
Let's begin by defining the following words as they relate to beer-making: yeast, fungus, species, and strain. These words can be confusing and are often used incorrectly. Yeast is the generally used name for many different kinds of organisms used to brew beer, ferment wine and cook bread. There are many different "kinds" of yeast, and these different yeast can belong to different species and strains. But all yeast in the world belong together to a larger classification group known as Fungi (plural). Each yeast is therefore a fungus (singular).
A species of yeast most commonly used in beer brewing is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When writing the name of an organism, convention dictates that the first name begins with a capital letter, the second name is with a lower-case letter, and the entire name is presented in italics. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in beer, wine, and bread making. The name Saccharomyces cerevisiae comes from the root "saccharo-" which means sugar (think saccharin, saccharide), and the suffix "-myces" means fungus. Brettanomyces bruxellensis is another species of yeast used in a small proportion of beer (and often this species of yeast is not wanted in wine at all!). Very commonly, yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are used interchangeably. The phrase "I brewed my beer with yeast", although correct, does not identify what particular species was used. 99% of the time yeast = Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However other species such as Saccharomyces pastorianus (formerly Saccharomyces carlsbergensis) are used to brew different types of beers.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, otherwise known as yeast.
Even though the same species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is used to make many items such as beer, wine, and bread, there are different strains used for each purpose. What makes one strain different from another strain? That question is a little more complicated to answer. Different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been grown and tailored over the years to produce different flavors. Some strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolize sugars differently and therefore produce different chemical byproducts. Bread yeast have been designed to make bread and beer yeast have been designed to make beer. There are literally thousands of yeast variations, or strains, that can produce different byproducts. Different strains metabolize sugar and produce different chemicals that impart unique flavors. And sometimes an entirely different species, such as Brettanomyces bruxellensis, is used for brewing. In these beers, the chemical byproducts and thus the flavors are completely different from more traditional Saccharomyces species!
Side note: Interestingly, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) possess a great deal of similarity in their cell structure to human cells, and information from research conducted on yeast can often be useful in understanding human cell
science. At Yale University, I worked on a project that identified and categorized all the proteins in yeast. Why? It turns out that about 40% of yeast proteins have a similar protein that can be found in humans. So if you understand what these proteins are doing in yeast, you might be able to understand how the human protein works as well.
To review: yeast is a fungus. There are many different species of yeast. Here I have mentioned only three: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pastorianus, and Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Different yeast metabolize sugars differently, and different chemistry will result in different flavors in beer. Different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces pastorianus can be used in brewing, and adventurous brewers may choose another species of yeast such as Brettanomyces.
Next week I will focus on using the species Brettanomyces to make beer, and explain the chemistry of how this yeast can create such funky flavor profiles.
Some yeast resources:
Wikipedia yeast entry
WYeast Strain Guide
Homebrewers Yeast Strain Chart

The post Beer Science: Yeast Species and Strains appeared first on Buffalo Beer Biochemist.
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What is the critical t value? What is the computed t?
The mean BMI in patients free of diabetes was reported as 28.2. The investigatorconducting the study hypothesizes that the BMI in patients free of diabetes ishigher. Based on the data given below is there evidence that the BMI is significantlyhigher that 28.2? Use a 5% level of significance. 25 27 31 33 26 28 38 41 24 32 3540Critical t value: (2 points)Computed t = (2 points)Based oncomparing the critical t value to the computed t value which of the following is(are) true?a. There is statistically significant evidence at alpha=0.05 to show the BMI issignificantly higher than 28.2. b. There is not statistically significant evidence at alpha=0.05 to show the BMI is significantly higher that 28.2. c. There are not enoughdata points to reach a conclusion.d. b and c.

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text:
|Jolitz Heritage ]||
ISA Device Auto Configuration
A key advantage of Berkeley UNIX is its ability to configure at boot time devices present on the system. This feature, while difficult to implement on the ISA given numerous conflicts, was considered valuable and was implemented.
In Figure 10(a), we have data structures that encode all the appropriate information to configure a device in 386BSD. Each driver, which may have many devices, is able to locate and configure a device if present. The isa_device structure also contains the characteristics of each device to be recognized. If found, hardware resources can then be assigned to each device as configured. A sample table of possible devices to search for within the kernel appears in Figure 10(b).
Copyrightę1994 Willaim & Lynne Jolitz


text:
New Mexico's champion trees retain crowns
Taos' prize-winning tree didn't let us down this year. A Goodding black willow that's among the biggest trees in the United States has kept its place in the annual 2018 Champion Trees National Register, which lists "the largest and most impressive trees of their kind."
Taos' willow stands 110 feet tall, has a sprawling crown of more than 94 feet and measures 351 inches in circumference. It was nominated by local arborist Paul Bryan Jones in 2010.
"When the black willow tree was designated the state champion, I knew our unique high desert plateau was and is resilient for trees," Jones said in a 2017 interview with The Taos News. "I started hunting for more big trees. We have some of the largest, oldest trees species in the Southwest."
"Big tree hunters from across the country doubled down and found an almost unprecedented number of new champions – more than 170 – to add to the list of America's giants," read a press release from American Forests, a Washington, D.C.based organization.
Keeping big trees healthy is an important part of addressing climate change. As Eliza Kretzmann, the Big Tree Program coordinator, explained: "Large-diameter trees make up about half of the mature forest biomass across the world. The amount of carbon that forests can sequester depends mostly on the abundance of large trees. Thus, big trees represent potentially large controls on carbon cycling worldwide."
This Goodding black willow in Taos is one of the largest trees of its species in the country.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Kentucky Electrical Study Guide - Office of Mine Safety and Licensing
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Test Preparation Study Guide
K
entucky
Office of Mine Safety & Licensing
Coal Mine Electrician Certification
UNDERGROUND & SURFACE MINE
ELECTRICIAN
2011
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
2
Preface
The Code of Federal Regulations, under authority of the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety
Act of 1969 states that "all electrical equipment shall be frequently examined, tested, and
properly maintained by a qualified person to insure safe operating conditions." An individual
may become qualified as an underground coal mine electrician as indicated below:
351.109 Requirements for qualification and certification to perform electrical
work
(1) An individual is a qualified and certified person, within the meaning of this chapter, to
perform electrical work (other than work on energized surface, high voltage lines,
if:
(a) He has at least 1 year experience in performing electrical work u
nderground in
a coal mine, in the surface work areas of an underground coal mine, in a
surface coal mine, in a non
-
coal mine, in the mine equipment manufacturing
industry, or in any other industry using or manufacturing similar equipment,
and he attains a
satisfactory grade on each of the series of written tests administered
by the OMSL and required in subsection (b) of this section
,
(b) He has at least 1 year experience prior to the date of application required by
paragraph (c ) of this section, in perfor
ming electrical work underground in a
coal mine, in the surface work areas of an underground coal mine, in a surface
coal mine, in a non
-
coal mine, in the mine equipment manufacturing industry,
or in any other industry using or manufacturing similar equipm
ent, and he
attains a satisfactory grade on each of the series of six written tests approved
by the Secretary and prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section.
(2)The series of six written tests approved by the Secretary shall include the
following categori
es:
(1) Direct current theory and application;
(2) Alternating current theory and application
(3) Electric equipment and circuits
(4) Permissibility of electric equipment
(5) Law
(6) Pertinent sections of the National Electrical code
(3) In order to take t
he series of six written tests approved by the Secretary, an
individual shall apply to the District OMSL and shall certify that he meets the
requirements of paragraph (1) (a & b) of this section.
(4) A score of at least 80 percent of each of the six writte
n tests will be deemed to be a
satisfactory grade. 1 percentage point shall be added to an individual's score in each
test for each additional year of experience beyond the 1 year minimum requirement
specified in paragraph (1)(a) of this section; however,
in no case shall an individual
be given more than 5 percentage points for such practical experience.
(5) An individual may, within 30 days from the date on which he received notification
from the OMSL of his test scores, repeat those on which he received a
n unsatisfactory
score.
3
If further retesting is necessary after this initial repetition, a minimum of thirty (30)
days from the date of receipt of notification of the initial retest scores shall elapse prior
to such further retesting, whereupon t
he entire series of written tests shall be retaken.
(6) An individual qualified and certified in accordance with this section shall, in order to
retain qualification and certification, satisfactorily complete annually a electrical retraining
program approv
ed by OMSL.
This study guide has been prepared for the Office of Mine Safety & Licensing specifically to
provide guidance for those individuals who desire to prepare themselves for State &Federal
qualifications as mine electricians by taking the OMSL. C
oal Mine Electrician Examination.
This study guide is not intended to serve as the sole source of preparation, but rather as a tool
toward that end.
The study guide is divided into sections for each testing category for underground
and surface
coal mine
electrician qualification. The specific sections are listed below. A set of typical examination
questions are provided for
each section. Also, in each
category an outline is provided
which gives topics that are to be tested on in the ca
tegory.
Test #1
-
DC Theory and Application
Test #2
-
AC Theory and Application
Test #3
-
Electric Circuits and Equipment
Test #4
-
Permissibility
o
f Electric Equipment
Test #5
-
Ky. Mine Law & 30 CFR Part 75 (Underground) 77 (Surface)
Test #6
-
Nationa
l Electric Code
4
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6
BASIC ELECTRICITY
This study guide is only to prepare you to take the State Examination
for the Kentucky Miner Electrical Card. At the pre
sent time MSHA
accepts the state examination in order to receive the Federal
Certification Card. You should already have some training in some
mining area in electricity in
order to take the test. This study guide will
not make you an electrician.
7
In order to successfully complete the state examination you must have
some knowledge of basic electricity. You do not h
ave to be an Electrical
Engineer but you must have at least a minimum of knowledge of basic
electricity.
Electricity is the movement of electrons. As you were taught in school
everything that is matter in the universe is made up of atoms. An atom
is basi
cally like the sun with the planets revolving around it. The atom
consists of a core with protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting
around the core. Protons are charged positive and the electrons are
charged negative. Neutrons have no charge. If an atom
has more
electrons than protons we say in electricity that it has a negative charge.
If the atom has more protons than neutrons it is charged positive. If the
number of protons and electrons are the same the atom is stable or with
no charge.
All of us h
ave played with permanent magnets as children. We say they
have a north pole and south pole. The opposite poles attract and similar
poles repel. This basically how the charges in electricity work. The
positive and negative charges attract one another. The
amount of
attraction is called difference in potential.
If a material consists of atoms that have electrons that are easily
displaced from the atom, this material can make a good conductor for
electricity. Gold, silver, copper, and aluminum are examples
of good
conductors. However it is too expensive to use gold, silver, etc to make
wiring; most conductors or wires are made of copper or aluminum.
Good conductors must have a low coefficient of expansion (will not
stretch a great amount when around heat) an
d be flexible.
If the material consists of atoms that have electrons that are hard to
displace, this material makes a good insulator (rubber, plastic, glass,
etc).
Some materials are constructed so they are good conductors at times
and at times they ar
e poor conductors. These type of blended materials
are called semi
-
conductors (diodes, SCRs, etc.)
Electrons want to find themselves a home where they have a mate. In
other words they want to go to an atom that has a positive charge or
more protons than
electrons. The only way they can get there is to
travel inside some type of conductor. When an electron enters a
8
conductor one leaves the other end. The electron that enters hits one
and it in turn jumps to the next atom dislodges one and he goes o
n until
the end of conductor is reached and one gets to the atom that is
attracting. A very simple illustration is to imagine a pipe full of marbles
with the pipe being the conductor and the marbles electrons. When you
push one in another falls out the oth
er end; this is movement of
electrons or electricity flowing.
We must have a way of measuring electron flow. Electrons are invisible
to the eye and are very, very minute particles but they have tremendous
energy. We use the term coulomb to establish an a
mount of electrons.
In other words how many they are. If we could place them in a bucket
or pail we could say we had so many coulombs of electrons in the
bucket. One coulomb of electrons is 6,280,000,000,000,000,000
electrons. You never hear anyone say tha
t motor is pulling 500
coulombs per second. In electricity if we want to know how much
current something is pulling we say amps. Amps are when the electrons
are flowing and a measurement of this. If one coulomb of electrons pass
a point flowing in a conduc
t in one second we say we have a current
flow of one ampere. Current flow is measured in amps and for the
purpose of this examination we will use the symbol I for current flow.
In order for the electrons to flow they must have a conductor and must
have a
reason to want to move. We said earlier they want to go where
needed or where there is a lack of electrons. If they are not needed they
will not move. So we must have a difference in potential or unlike
charges, some type of electromotive force (EMF), or
pressure to have
current flow(electron movement). In electricity we use the term voltage
to indicate this force. Anytime you see the words electromotive force,
EMF, pressure, or difference in potential this is voltage. Voltage is
measured in volts. The ele
ctrical symbol we will use for this
examination is E. A difference in potential or electricity can be made in
a lot of different ways.


text:
Oneida Carry Forts
Oneida Carry Forts: 1755, Oneida County,
Rome. The present City of Rome is located on the Oneida Carry. This was the
the western most navigatible part of the Mohawk River to the navigatible part
of Wood Creek that led to Oneida Lake, Oswego River and Lake Ontario. In 1755
the British built Forts Williams, Newport and Bull to protect this key portage.
After a destructive raid on Fort Bull it was replaced with Fort Wood Creek,
and Fort Craven was started to replace Fort Williams. After the French took
the Oswego Forts, these forts were destroyed and the British withdrew further
East. Later they returned to the region and built Fort Stanwix.
Back to Forts M-P Index
New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs: Military
February 20, 2006


What we do
Follow ODI
What Kenyan ghost-writers can teach us about prejudice in the digital gig economy
Written by Susan Njambi-Szlapka
Hero image description: Young men working on laptops. Image credit:Matt Biddulph Image license:CC BY-SA 2.0
Would you trust a Kenyan to write your Bachelor's or Master's thesis? Recent research finds that Kenyan nationals are not trusted by American students to do so, forcing academic ghost-writers to hide their identity to win work.
Besides obvious ethical issues, this raises wider questions about the online gig economy including exploitation, trust and discrimination, including how we talk about equality in digital labour.
Coronavirus has also fuelled a sharp decline in demand for and an increase in supply of online workers. Online "place-based" platforms that require physical on-site delivery such as Deliveroo or GetBoda are seeing an increase in demand. But online gig workers on platforms like UpWork are facing more competition for fewer jobs as clients curb non-essential spending and more people seek digital sources of income. These same platforms are even asking online workers to pay in order to bid for work.
Under these circumstances it is crucial to understand how online gig workers in developing countries, who often have no access to any form of social protection, compete in the online gig economy to earn their livelihoods while identifying ways to combat the discrimination many experience.
One account, many identities: the online gig economy labour market
There are 6 million people in developing countries participating in online labour according to the Online Labour Index, while 60 to 70% of all online gig workers in Kenya are ghost-writers. However, this wrongly assumes accounts on gig economy platforms like UpWork have just one user per account.
Instead, accounts with good reviews are often shared between ghost-writers and traded on the black market, making ghost-writers key contributors to this underreporting. Owners of such accounts employ others to do the actual work, while using VPN's (Virtual Private Networks) to hide user's locations, making many ghost-writers in Kenya and elsewhere invisible.
Therefore, the real number of online workers is estimated to be up to 8 times higher. So why is this behaviour so widespread?
The false promise of digital globalisation
In the flat-world narrative of globalisation, online work is based on merit and value for money, as technology levels the playing field between workers in the Global North and South by removing the impediment of geography. This apparently allows workers in the Global South, as long as they have internet access and possess the right skills, to outcompete their northern counterparts by underbidding for online work generated in a small number of rich countries in the Global North.
However, recent studies find that prejudice around geography and identity are still key drivers in who wins work and under what conditions. Young ghost-writers in Nairobi even report that advertised jobs sometimes go as far as saying that people from certain countries should not even "bother bidding".
Reputation is everything, but it is more costly for Global South workers
Cognitive shortcuts have been well-established in hiring practices on the platform Nubelo. Clients assume workers from lower income countries will provide less valuable work and therefore pay them disproportionately little or don't hire them at all. In the absence of organisational affiliation, workers from developing countries are perceived as representatives of a nationality, rather than individuals with different experiences, credentials and personalities.
The exception is where a worker has a good reputation.
The reputation of an online worker, captured through ratings by previous clients, is key for their competitiveness and is much more costly for those in lower-income countries when it impacts their likelihood of employment.
However, if a client has a good experience with someone from a developing country, they are more likely to hire other workers from that same country. Therefore, while in the short-term hiding identity and location helps, it could inhibit worker's future long-term ability to find work.
Four ways we can mitigate online discrimination
 1. Online platforms can learn from analogue labour market measures to enable merit-based hiring practices (including for instance anonymised CVs).
 2. More rigorous research could help us understand what is exacerbating discriminatory hiring practices including language barriers, sense of shared values and expectations around education systems.
 3. Increasing fairness through algorithms could include prioritising displaying information relevant to a person's qualifications or credentials, rather than their location (this could even go further and place people from certain regions at the top of search results). Nubelo has already used this to help newcomers compete against established online workers.
 4. Finally, increasing awareness among clients hiring online workers could also help address these biases.
How we navigate the world of online work
There is still a global division of labour determining what type of jobs online workers in the Global South are entrusted with and those they are presumed unqualified for. This division, based on prejudice, will likely reinforce old power structures where repetitive or less complex tasks are left to the Global South, while complex and better paying tasks remain in the Global North. However, as the former become automated, this could leave workers in low-income countries vulnerable.
If demand for online workers is diminishing in the wake of Covid-19, the situation in developing countries will only worsen. Governments, donors and online platforms in the north and south will need to devise ways to overcome these issues of discrimination, while also supporting online gig workers both now and post-Covid.


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What follows is a simple purification ritual that can be used on crystals and stones, and other sacred objects. This rite is best done at sunrise or during the day, on your altar (if you have one) or on any table that can be used for this purpose.
Fill a basin with pure water and place this to the west on the table or altar. Next, light a red candle and set this to the south. Light some incense and place this to the east. Finally, place a dish or flowerpot filled with freshly dug earth to the north on the altar. In between all these objects, set the stone (or stones) to be purified.
When all is readied, still your mind and pick up the stone in your projective (dominant) hand. Turn your attention toward the bowl of earth. Place the stone on it and cover with fresh earth. Say something to the effect of:
I purify you with earth!
Leave the stone there for a few minutes, all the while visualizing the earth absorbing the stone's impurities. Then remove it, dust it clean, and hold it in the incense smoke. Pass it nine times through the smoke, from the right to the left, saying words like these:
I purify you with air!
Next, quickly pass the stone through the candle's flame several times, saying:
I purify you with fire!
The fire burns away all negativity. Now place the stone in the water and say this or your own words:
I purify you with water!
Visualize the water washing it clean. Leave the stone in the water for a time, then dry it with a clean cloth and hold it in your receptive hand. Is the stone "clean"? If not, repeat this simple ritual as many times as necessary, until your are sure it has done it's work. Afterward, store the stone in a special place. It is ready for use in magick.
Here is a fun way to gather the family in a simply beautiful Yule project and ritual. With supervision, most children can easily make this themselves; it makes a fun family project.
1. Gather your favorite evergreens. Choose a few cuttings each from such winter favorites as holly with berries, juniper with berries, cedar, spruce, or pine needles. If available, add a few tiny birch pine cones as well (these are one inch or less).
2. Pour water into a three-inch deep rectangular plastic (flexible) container, half full. Place three to six naturally scented beeswax, soy, or essential oil scented candles into the container. The candles should be four inches tall and three to four inches wide.
3. Add the evergreens and berries to the container in a pleasing arrangement around the candles. Cover the greens with more water so they'll appear to float once frozen. Be careful not to over fill; the plastic container should be two-thirds full of water in the end.
4. Place in the freezer until frozen (or outdoors if it's cold enough). Freeze until solid.
5. Slide out the rectangular ice block with the evergreens and candles frozen inside. Turn onto a fireproof plate (a high-fired glazed ceramic plate would serve well) or an old cookie sheet covered with foil. You can accentuate the display by placing polished stones or polished glass beads around the edges of the ice.
6. Light the candles. Say a winter prayer, offer a blessing, and be thankful to our essential elements of fire, water, air, and earth.
Here are a few more ideas for this Fire and Ice project.
From: Four Seasons of Mojo
The get what they deserve spell can either be a hex or gift it all depends on the person you're casting the spell over, and what karma has in store for them. (Bad luck or Good luck).
You will need the following items for this spell:
- Piece of paper
- A picture of the person, if not a picture then their full name spelled CORRECTLY.
- A lighter or match
- Something you can put the paper in, a tin or bowl.
This spell is for those who believe a harmful spell can backfire, in this case you're not causing harm, unless they deserve it.
Take your piece of paper write the words Get what you deserve on one side and on the other write the persons full name, with correct spelling, or just a picture. Fold the paper anyway you like and burn it. Let it burn to ash, and the spell is complete. After you have completed this spell, it will take time for it to take effect, but have faith. The person will get what they deserve. If the person doesn't deserve to be punished or harmed, the spell will simply give them good luck.
Spellwork done on other people has a tendency to rebound back to the spell caster. So, be prepared to also get what you deserve – which could be many good things. Or not..
Found at: Spells of Magic
Gather certain fallen twigs;
One of hazel, one of oak,
One of elm, and one of willow;
Hold them to the fire's smoke,
Say this softly, seven times all:
Turner be turned,
Burner be burned:
Let only good
Come out of this wood.
Spit on each and break it small
Cast them in the fire's mouth –
The curse will die with the fire's death.
Best performed during the waning moon. Light a pink candle for self-love; anoint it with the oil of your choice. Next light a brown candle. Engrave the number of pounds you want to lose on it, then visualize banishing the excess weight. Runes can be carved on it if you wish. Incense can be burned; visualize the smoke carrying away the excess poundage. Adapt the spell to your own personal needs.
Source: Old Witchcraft
When using fire and ice together, you are calling for a natural balance to take place. It can be a balance of the self, a balance of a situation, or even a balance of the checkbook. This is a great spell to do during an Eclipse.
You will need:
- A large clear glass bowl
- Equal amounts of water and ice
- 3 floating candles (these can be multicolored, white, gray, or brown)
- Handful of salt
Place the ice in the bowl. Add the salt and say, " I cast off any negativity and purify this ice. It is blessed by the Goddess and the God." Add enough water to make the surface smooth, and bless it in the same manner.
Place the candles in the bowl and say:
"I call upon my higher self
to bring my being into harmony.
I will myself to be balanced in all situations.
So mote it be!"
Clap your hands three times and light the candles. This is a good time to reflect on which areas of your life need balance the most. It also is a beautiful sight to sit and watch the ice melt while the flames dance. Spend an appropriate amount of time in reflection before you close your circle or leave the area.
From: Elemental Witch
Calling a situation into balance can be a bit tricky. For example, suppose you are upside down in your finances – more going out than you can bring in. You can use fire and ice to call for a balance. Here is a spell that can be used to bring balance to any situation.
You will need the following:
- An empty paper milk carton (quart size)
- Water, to fill the milk carton
- A gray or brown taper candle as tall as the milk carton
- A pencil
- Piece of string
- Cooking spray
- Large bowl or cauldron (gallon size)
- Sand or soil
Spray the inside of the carton with cooking spray. Tie the string to the wick of the candle. Wrap the other end of the string around the pencil. Place the candle in the milk carton and use the pencil to hold it upright by placing the pencil across the top of the carton. (You may cut small notches in the top of the carton if needed.)
Carefully fill the carton with water, leaving about an inch of the candle above the water line. Place it in the freezer. When the water is frozen solid, tear the carton away. Place the candle in your cauldron, or other large ceremonial bowl, to which a thick layer of sand or soil has been added.
Note: The bowl or cauldron must be deep enough that the layer of sand or soil will easily absorb all the melting ice without covering (and thus putting out) the lighted candle.
Say, "I call upon the universal forces of my Lord and Lady to bring balance to my life. I will that my current financial situation become balanced in the most beneficial way for me and my loved ones. As I will it, so it shall be." (This can be reworded to fit your specific situation exactly.)
As you light the candle, visualize yourself happily spending and receiving money in perfect balance, always having enough for what is needed. Allow the candle to burn completely down, and then pour the water and sand out under a tree.
Another Note: This spell can be modified to fit any situation in which balance is needed. Simply change the wording of the spell, and visualize the desired balance.
Found in: Elemental Witch
The Summer Solstice, or Midsummer, celebrates the longest day of the year. It falls between June 20 – 22. The Summer Solstice ritual focuses on the god because summer is his time. Celebrate it outdoors if you can, or if indoors, during the day so the sun is a prominent part of your ritual.
Things You'll Need:
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HepvO® is the innovative hygienic Self Sealing Waste Valve. It replaces the traditional water-seal trap and prevents the escape of foul sewer air from waste discharge systems. Unlike conventional waste traps, HepvO® does not rely on trapped water to create a seal. Water seals are prone to failure by Evaporation, Siphonage and other Mechanisms. Instead, HepvO® uses a self sealing membrane which performs the same function as a water seal trap but without the risk of depletion or freezing.
HepvO® actively eliminates negative pressure within the waste system by opening and allowing in fresh air until a state of equilibrium with atmosphere is reached. This means that secondary venting of the waste system via the inclusion of air admittance valves in the waste system is no longer necessary.
Enhance Plumbing Design
The HepvO® valve can be installed vertically or horizontally (with an adaptor) and is available and 1.5 and 1.25. This enables valuable space-saving opportunities to be achieved.
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How to write plugins
Write a Plugin!
The plugin system for EPrints 3 has been developed to make it easy and share the most common extensions to the code without having to hack the core system (and causing yourself problems with upgrades etc.)
When the system loads, it automatically loads all modules in the perl_lib/EPrints/Plugin/ directory, so for simple plugins you just drop them in that directory and you're done!
When a plugin is loaded it has a registration method which is called which tells the core EPrints system what this plugin does. EPrints then makes it available as appropriate.
Clever plugins can detect features they need and adapt to use the tools available, or disable themselves if they are missing required tools (rather than crash the system). Some specialised plugins are disabled in their default state and must be enabled in the repository configuration.
Another cool thing is that plugins are Perl Objects, which means you can subclass them. Here's an real-world example: We have a research group which uses BibTeX but over the years standardised within the group on an extra field. This is not a valid bibtex field, but are essential to their working because they have ancient and essential scripts which depend on it. To handle this we can subclass the default BibTeX Export plugin and override a single method (the data mapping one). We then just call the original parent plugins mapping method to do all the heavy lifting, then just add our non-standard extra field. Total code required: less than one screen. Number of happy researchers: none (they are never satisfied and will just demand the moon on the stick because you've already given them this nice new feature), but number of researchers able to get their work done: lots. Don't believe me? look here!
- See also Extension Packages for how to add configuration and resource files to plugins.
Types of Plugin
There are a number of different kinds of plugin for EPrints...
These are used to export the data in a variety of formats. A number of tutorials have been created to help you create your own export plugins:
- Export Plugin Tutorial 1: "Hello, World!"
- Export Plugin Tutorial 2: List handling
- Export Plugin Tutorial 3: HTML
- Export Plugin Tutorial 4: Excel
- Export Plugin Tutorial 5: Zip
These are used to import data into a repository. They can take datafiles directly, or they can take an ID of a record that can be retrieved in a known way, or a URL of a file, or... whatever.
These are a bit trickier to write than export plugins as parsing data is harder than just "print"ing it, but they are still reasonably straight forward.
These handle (almost) all the user interface screens. Pages like "Review" and "Profile" are just built-in plugins. You can add your own very easily.
Examples you could create...
- Birds Eye View - a view of various statistics on the database, all in one page.
- Spellchecking Tab - an additional tab in the item control page which checks the spelling on certain fields.
- Bulk Delete tool - a tool which takes a list of eprintid's and deletes them all in a fell swoop.
Look at the existing Screen Plugins for an idea of how they work. They can be very simple.
Input Component Plugin
These handle how the workflow components are rendered. Built in components include the default (one field) component, the multiple fields component, the upload component, the subject component (which does pretty things to a field of type "subject") and the XHTML component. You can add your own or sub-class existing ones.
These are used for two things, currently.
- Converting the full text of documents into utf-8 text for search indexing
- Converting images and pdfs into thumbnails and previews
Some examples you could create:
- RTF to utf-8 to allow rich text documents to be indexed.
- Powerpoint to Thumbnail to allow thumbnail and previews of powerpoint slides
- Video to Thumbnail/Preview to make a still preview of a video file.


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The Saxons are defeated by the Danes in the Battle of Assandun.
The Battle of Assandun was fought on 18 October 1016. There is dispute over whether Assandun may actually be Ashdon near Saffron Walden in north Essex, or the long-supposed Ashingdon near Rochford in southeast Essex, England. It was a victory for the Danes, led by Canute the Great, who triumphed over the English army led by King Edmund II. The battle was the conclusion to the Danish reconquest of England.
King Canute was accustomed to building a church, chapel or holy site after winning a battle to commemorate the soldiers who died in battle. A few years later saw the completion of construction in 1020 of the memorial church known as Ashingdon Minster, located on the hill next to the presumed site of the Battle in Ashingdon. The church still stands to this day. King Canute attended the dedication of Ashingdon Minster with his bishops and he appointed his personal priest Stigand to be the priest there. The church is now dedicated to Saint Andrew, but it is believed that it was dedicated earlier to Saint Michael who was considered to be a military saint and churches dedicated to him are frequently located on a hill.


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Jelly Bean Succulent Plant
The Sedum plant is succulent and is famous as a jelly bean plant. The plant forms leave in the shape of a jelly bean. The colour of leaves is green and changes it red when we keep under sunlight.
The jelly bean succulent plant produces flowers in yellow colour, and the flowers are in the shape of a star. The familiar names to Sedum Rubrotinctum are pork and beans. The Sedum Rubrotinctum plant belongs to a Mexican city.
- Needs Full sun
- Not suited for indoor growing
- Normal water needs for a succulent
- Plant grows up to 12-10 inches″ (20 to 30 cm) tall
- Zone 9a to 11b: (Minimum 20° F | -6.7° C to 10° C)
- Not cold hardy
- Propagation through leaves and stem cuttings
- Can be toxic to animals & humans
- Summer Dormant
Common Care and Propagation Guide
How to grow?
The jelly plant succulent grows well as a houseplant, and it is helpful for many decorative purposes. The Sedum Rubrotinctum plant is easy to grow. The jelly plant does not need much effort and maintenance.
The plant proliferates, indoor and outdoor, and it is easy to propagate. The offsets of this jelly plant will sprawl. Sedum plant spreads fast as they grow.
The best place to plant plants in the garden. The jelly plants change to a fascinating reddish colour, as they will expose to the bright sunlight.
How to water the jelly bean succulent plant?
Water the jelly bean plant regularly in the summer season, and the plant needs regular water as the plant begins to grow. Water the plant in the cool months and avoid pouring excess water.
Water the plant once ten days in the spring season. Water the plant when it is dry. Do not pour water until the soil of the plant dries.
Water, the plant as the soil, dries entirely and makes sure that the ground needs to dry totally in every watering space. Check the earth before you water. Overwater may cause the plant to die.
If you place the plant in a dry temperature, water the plant regularly, or put the plant in a humid weather condition, water the plant slightly.
Observe the jelly bean succulent plant, as the plant's leaves become soft or wrinkle, then water the plant. Make the soil feel moist. Touch the tips of the ground then you may know when to water the succulent plant.
Choose a thriving drain soil container or pot. You may use regular clean soil. This plant can tolerate any lights—the succulent changes to different colours when we keep in bright sunlight for a long time.
The Sedum Rubrotinctum plant can tolerate morning and afternoon sunlight. In bright sunlight, the plant changes to bright reddish colour, which makes the plant, appear attractively.
How to fertilize Sedum Rubrotinctum?
Do not fertilize the succulent frequently. Fertilize the plant once a month, as it is with the same potting mix throughout the year. Fertilize the plant if it does not grow. Fertilize the plant in the month of spring and early fall. The best to use water-soluble fertilizers
How to propagate?
There are two ways to propagate the jelly bean succulent plant, as with stem cuttings or with the leaves. The leaves often fall on the soil, and it makes roots as itself and creates new plants.
Select a healthy leaf from the main plant and pluck it off, as the healthy plate does its performance quickly. Keep the leaf aside for a couple of days, and allow it to dry completely.
Do not make the leaf dry in bright sunlight, as the sunlight causes the plate to sunburn. After few days, the leaf turns to root and grows slowly. Moist the soil once the plant start to grow.
Water the plant slightly, then after water regularly as it grows until half an inch of the pot. Slowly increase the light as it grows.
How to repot jelly bean succulent?
As you observe, the plant gets sprawl, then do not re-pot the plant. If you want to re-pot the plant:
Choose a new plant, which is healthy, and take a good drain soil.
Place the plant in well-drained soil; after repotting the succulent plant, water the plant slightly.
Choose fresh ground and select a new plant for re-potting. Make soil moist as you re-pot.
Sedum Rubrotinctum in Indoor
Sedum Rubrotinctum will grow both indoor and outdoor. The jelly bean succulent needs sunlight and shadow. We should keep near the window in the Indoor to grow well.
Pour water frequently on observing dryness in the soil. Cut the spoil leaves and stems when you regard the damage in the plant.
Sedum Rubrotinctum in Outdoor
The jelly bean succulent feels happy outdoor. The plant will get fresh air and feels comfortable So that it will grow fast. In outdoor succulent will enjoy natural sunlight and fresh air in winter that feels cool temperature naturally.


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Netgate is offering COVID-19 aid for pfSense software users, learn more.
Directing Traffic with Policy Routing¶
Policy routing in pfSense® software refers to the capability of routing traffic by matching it to specific firewall rules. This is primary used for multi-WAN, though it has other uses as well.
Each firewall rule allows for the selection of a gateway. If none is selected, traffic goes out the default gateway or follows the routing table. If additional WAN interfaces or gateway groups are defined, these may be selected in the Gateway field when adding or editing rules to direct matching traffic as desired.
For more information, refer to the Policy Routing Configuration section of The pfSense Book.


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Symbaroum is one of the most interesting RolePlaying Games recently published, from the Swedish Jarnringen.
GGstudio is proudly the publisher of the Italian edition.
If you dare to explore the Davokar, that's what you are going to find:
- A fast-paced and flexible rule-set for creating player characters and acting in the game world
- 5 playable races and 3 archetypes, divided into 15 occupations, as a basis for character creation
- 35 abilities, 25 mystical powers, 33 rituals and a large number of weapons and armors to make each character unique
- Detailed guidelines for how to create adventures; 38 monsters and adversaries, and 19 monstrous traits to arm the characters' enemies with
- More than 50 pages describing the game world's history, geography and cultures, focusing on four particular settings: the Forest of Davokar, the fortune hunter's town of Thistle Hold, the Ambrian capital Yndaros and the cliff of Karvosti where the barbarian clans convene.
- Symbaroum is a complete roleplaying game; all you need to play is paper, pen and a dice set.
- The roleplaying game Symbaroum is suitable for all adventurous humans, goblins and trolls from the age of 12.


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On March 7, 1901, the legislature signed a bill approving Lupinus subcarnosus, a species of bluebonnet, as the state flower. However, there are several species of bluebonnets in Texas and some groups thought that the showier Lupinis texensis should be the state flower. Over the next 70 years, off and on, various groups campaigned for the change.
Finally, in 1971, the Legislature amended the 1901 statute to include Lupinus texensis, the Texas bluebonnet, and any other variety of bluebonnet not yet recorded. Therefore, all species of bluebonnets found in Texas, and any new species discovered, are now considered the official flower of the state. And that's why Texas has six-ish state flowers.


Reduce data transfer time with Basic Redirected Folders
With the Basic Redirected Folders setup in Windows, admins can build OUs to reduce data upload and download wait time for employees.
Creating the Secure Managed Desktop
By Jeremy Moskowitz
Basic Redirected Folders works best in two situations:
 - Smaller environments -- such as a doctor's office or storefront -- where all employees sit under one roof
 - In an organization's OU structure that was designed such that similar people are not only in the same OU but are also in the same physical location
The reason these simple scenarios make a good fit with the basic option is that such situations let you redirect the users affected by the policy setting to a server that's close to them. That way, if they do roam within their location, the wait time is minimal to download and upload the data back and forth to the server and their workstation.
In the following example, I've created an OU called LikeUsers who are all using the same local server, DC01. Setting up a basic Redirected Folders for My Documents is a snap. It's a three-step process:
 1. Create a shared folder to store the data.
 2. Set the security on the shared folder.
 3. Create a new GPO and edit it to contain a policy setting to redirect the Documents/MyDocuments folder.
To create and share a folder to store redirected Documents/My Documents data, follow these steps:
 1. Log onto DC01 as Administrator.
 2. From the Desktop, double-click My Computer to open the My Computer folder.
 3. Find a place to create a users folder. In this example, we'll use D:DATA. Once you're inside the D: drive, right-click D: and select the Folder command from the New menu, then type in Data for the name.
 4. Right-click the newly created Data folder, and choose "Share…" which opens the Properties of the folder, focused on the Sharing tab. Pull down the drop-down menu and select Everyone, and then click Add. Note that Windows Server 2003 and 2008 will default such that the share is Everyone:Read. Click "Share" and ensure that the share is set so that Everyone has Coowner permissions, as seen in Figure 3.3. Keep the rest of the defaults, and click OK. (Note that Co-owner rights are almost the same as the "Full Control" rights of yore.)
Figure 3.3
Click to see larger image
You can substitute any name for Data. Some use DOCS, MYDOCS, or REDIRDOCS. Some administrators like to use hidden shares, such as Data$, MYDOCS$, or MYDOCUMENTS$. This works well, too.
Be sure that the NTFS permissions allow write access for the users you want, as well. In other words, both the Share level and NTFS permissions must allow the user to write.
This was first published in October 2008
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I changed name server of one domain.
Then I flush dns
root@host [~]# /etc/init.d/named restart
Stopping named: [ OK ]
Starting named: [ OK ]
root@host [~]# ping wallpaperx.org
PING wallpaperx.org ( 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=36.0 ms
64 bytes from icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=36.7 ms
64 bytes from icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=35.9 ms
64 bytes from icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=35.9 ms
Well, ping still points to the old server.
share|improve this question
Pretty sure it takes time (up to a few hours) for a DNS change to propagate to all DNS servers, and there's nothing you can do about it. – Kevin Feb 16 '13 at 17:16
2 Answers 2
You first need to understand Time to Live ( TTL ) in DNS
TTL is an acronym for Time To Live and refers to the capability of the DNS servers to cache DNS records. It represents the amount of time that a DNS record for a certain host remains in the cache memory of a DNS server after the latter has located the host's matching IP address.
If your DNS is cached by your ISP DNS server or Public DNS Server then you can to wait as per TTL values. If you restart the local DNS Server then it will not affect because it's taking the answer from another DNS server.
If you want to override that urgently then then you can add those entry in /etc/hosts file and run rndc flushname wallpaperx.org.
You don't need to restart the whole DNS server, it will flush all other sites from memory, and it will increase load on your server.
share|improve this answer
If you have nscd running, you have to flush its name-resolver-cache as well: nscd -i hosts. Apart from that a named-restart will not do much.
Is this a primary DNS-server? Then the generation-number has to be raised after you changed the contents of a zone.
A secondary DNS-server? Then you might force to reload the corresponding zones before the TTL expires.
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