text:
Abarim Publications' online Biblical Hebrew Dictionary
The forms דלל (dll) and דלה (dlh) are closely related in form and meaning. So close even that we here at Abarim Publications consider them each other's by-forms. In other words, the following two verbs are really the same and their similar derivations probably too.
Note that the central meaning of these words is "hanging", but most commonly a hanging between a reservoir of plenty and a place of need, whilst transporting some of the plenty to the place of need:
The root-verb דלל (dalal) means to be low or hang low. In a literal sense it's used to describe someone hanging down a mine shaft (Job 28:4). The prophet Isaiah uses this verb to describe the lowness (dryness) of streams (Isaiah 19:6, and note that a wholly dry river was known as a lying river; see the verb כזב, kazab). Metaphorically, this verb is used to describe a state of depression or humiliation (Judges 6:6).
This verb's derivatives are:
- The adjective דל (dal), meaning low, weak, poor or thin (Genesis 41:19, Leviticus 14:21, Job 34:28). Note that this word is identical to the noun meaning door, derived from the next verb.
- The feminine noun דלה (dalla), denoting a bundle of hair (Song of Solomon 7:5) or threads of warp hanging in loom (Isaiah 38:12).
- The identical feminine noun דלה (dalla), denoting the poor; literally the "hangers" (Jeremiah 40:7, 2 Kings 24:14). Note that this particular word suggests that the poor have a very distinct function, comparable to a bucket that brings water from one place to the dryness in another; see the Lucan story of Lazarus (Luke 16:24, and also see Matthew 26:11). Also note that this noun is spelled and pronounced exactly the same as the previous noun, and both are spelled the same as the following verb.
The root-verb דלה (dala) is thought to mean to draw (of water out of a well with a bucket) and that for one tremendously daft reason: We moderns call getting water out of a well 'to draw' and that's why everybody else should too. And three of five derivatives of this verb have to do with doors, and doors we draw (shut). So that neatly fits the theory.
Here at Abarim Publications we obviously don't agree with the above, and we are fairly sure that our verb means to hang. In other words: in the vernacular of the ancient Hebrews, one does not draw water from a well; one hangs water from a well (namely in a bucket or leather sack, which in turn hangs from a rope).
Doors were named when people still lived in tents and received their name from being a veiled entrance and not from having a leaf, hinges, a knob and a door bell. The entrance of the tent was generally covered by a hanging length of fabric, which an aspiring visitor would have to lift and swoop aside, and when people began to live in brick houses, their entrances kept being referred to as "hangers".
Our verb is used four times: once in the literal sense of drawing water out of a well (Exodus 2:16-19), once to describe the extraction of a plan out of the watery heart of a man (Proverbs 20:5), and once to describe the extraction of a person out of Sheol (Psalm 30:2). In Proverbs 26:7, however (and BDB Theological Dictionary admits this context is "difficult"), a lame man's legs are performing the action of our verb (דליו), which can hardly be drawing and is certainly hanging.
The derivatives of this verb are:
- The masculine noun דל (dal), meaning door, or rather entrance; the "door" of my lips (Psalm 141:3 only). It seems plausible that a hanging entrance veil and later the solid door were known as weak and thin (see above), as the hanging veil did not add to the structural strength of the tent and the door was obviously a lot thinner than the wall it was put in. The link between the door and the bucket sits in the function of both as instruments of transition from general (the water below the earth, or the world at large) to specific (a drinking person, or a person's house).
- The feminine noun דלה (dala), also meaning door (Isaiah 26:20 only).
- The masculine noun דלי (deli), meaning bucket or literally a "hanger" (Numbers 24:7 and Isaiah 40:15 only).
- The feminine noun דלית or rather its plural form דליות (daliyot), denoting floral hangers: olive branches (Jeremiah 11:16), cedar branches (Ezekiel 31:7-12), or boughs of the vine (Ezekiel 17:6-7, 19:11).
- The feminine noun דלת (delet), meaning door as the instrument that separates the inside from the outside (to be distinguished from שׁער, sha'ar, which describes the whole formal apparatus of a city gate, or פתח, petah, which accentuates the openness of a doorway).
Our word דלת (delet) may denote the door of a house (Genesis 19:9, Joshua 2:19, Job 31:32), or a room (Judges 3:23, 2 Samuel 13:17), or a city (Deuteronomy 3:5, Joshua 6:26, Nehemiah 3:1).
Figuratively, our word may denote the "door" (or lid) of a chest (2 Kings 12:10), the aperture of one's womb (Job 3:10), or one's lips (Ecclesiastes 12:4), or one's excessive accessibility (as opposed to being a self-respecting wall; Song of Solomon 8:9, also see Ezekiel 26:2: Jerusalem is a "broken door" to the people, for Tyre to plunder; or Zechariah 11:1, "open your door, O Lebanon, that a fire may feed on your cedars"), the jaws of Leviathan (Job 41:6), the "doors" of heaven from whence came Manna (Psalm 78:23), the "doors" of the sea (Job 38:8, 38:10; here at Abarim Publications we guess that the "doors" of the sea is the sea shore; see our article on the word ספה, sapa meaning both sea-shore and lips, and סוף, suph, meaning reeds, which grow on the edge between sea and dry land).
Most spectacularly is the usage of our noun in the sense of the textual columns ("doors") of a scrolled manuscript (Jeremiah 36:23), and keep in mind the transitory essence of our noun, much rather than a superficial resemblance between a door and a text column.
The fourth letter of the Hebrew alphabet is called דלת, or daleth, commonly interpreted as "door".


text:
GIS Approach to Radioactive Contamination Around Seyitömer Thermic Powerhouse
Researching radiometric elements such as uranium(U), thorium(Th), potassium's(K) and their decay products distribution in nature; are an important subject to protect environment. Around the lignite-fired thermic powerhouse, SeyitÖmer settlement regions pollution was studied on account of radionuclide element distribution. Samples were taken from an area of 25 km2 in the vicinity of SeyitÖmer Thermic Powerhouse. Alpha, beta activity levels of soil and rock samples were measured with Handecount scintillation device. U, Th, K element concentrations of elements were analyzed by means of Spectro X-LAB 2000 PED X-LAB 2000 PED XRF device. U, Th and K are known as main alpha and beta sources in nature. Distribution of radioactive element concentrations was analyzed and mapped using Geostatistical Tools of ArcGIS software. Risky element's intensity maps were prepared; risky areas were also determined with intensity distribution maps. For evaluation of region; alpha, beta activities were compared with natural radioactive sources U, Th, K. Thus side affects of SeyitÖmer Thermic Powerhouse ashes as regards of radioactive ingredients were investigated.
Key Words: SeyitÖmer Thermic Powerhouse, Radioactive Elements, Soil, Rock, Pollution, Geostatistical Analysis.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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MI a painful spot on your lip or inside your mouth that is caused by a virus
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text:
General Requirements for the Major or Minor
General university degree requirements stipulate that 1) at least four units of the major or three units of the minor be taken in residence at Puget Sound; 2) students earn a GPA of 2.0 in courses taken for the major or the minor; and 3) all courses taken for a major or minor must be taken for graded credit. Any exceptions to these stipulations are indicated in the major and minor degree requirements listed below.
Requirements for the Major
A major in Philosophy consists of the following:
- At least ten units in Philosophy, excluding courses numbered 480 or above. At most two of these ten units can be satisfied with courses numbered 199 or below.
- Level Requirements:
Note: Students can take one additional course at the Specialist Level (numbered 410-450) in lieu of one course at the Advanced Level (numbered 300-399).
- Intermediate Level. Three of the following courses: 210 Ancient Greek Philosophy; 220 17th and 18th Century Philosophy; 230 Philosophy of Mind; 240 Formal Logic; 250 Moral Philosophy.
- Advanced Level. At least four courses numbered 300-399. At least two of these four courses must be completed on campus.
- Specialist Level. At least one of the following courses: 410 Topics in History and Traditions; 430 Topics in Knowledge and Reality; 450 Topics in Value Theory.
- Area Requirements:
- History and Traditions. At least two of the following courses: 210 Ancient Philosophy; 220 17th and 18th Century Philosophy; 310 Aristotle; 311 Classical Chinese Philosophy; 312 Latin American Philosophy; 320 British Empiricism; 323 Kant; 325 19th Century Philosophy.
- Knowledge and Reality. At least two of the following courses: 230 Philosophy of Mind; 240 Logic; 330 Epistemology; 331 Metaphysics; 332 Philosophy of Science; 333 Philosophy of Emotions; 336 Philosophy of Language.
- Value Theory. At least two of the following courses: 250 Moral Philosophy; 285 Environmental Ethics; 292 Bioethics; 350 Metaethics; 353 Philosophy of Film and Performing Arts; 360 Aesthetics; 370 Social and Political Philosophy; 378 Philosophy of Law; 389 Race and Philosophy; 390 Gender and Philosophy.
Requirements for the Minor
A Minor in Philosophy consists of the following:
- At least five units in Philosophy, excluding courses numbered 480 or above. At most one of these units can be satisfied with a course numbered 199 or below.
- At least two of the following courses at the Intermediate level: 210 Ancient Greek Philosophy; 220 17th and 18th Century Philosophy; 230 Philosophy of Mind; 240 Logic; 250 Moral Philosophy.
- At least two courses at the Advanced and Specialist levels, numbered 300-479. At least one of these two courses must be completed on campus.
- Only two courses may be used simultaneously to satisfy core curriculum and Philosophy major or minor requirements.
- Intermediate Level requirements should be completed by the end of the junior year.
- Courses taken more than six years ago will be accepted or rejected for the minor by the Philosophy Department on a case-by-case basis.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


)} and at most {n^{O(\frac{1}{\log\log n})}}. They also showed that for constant {\epsilon}, it is possible to delete an {\epsilon} fraction of the integers in {[n]}, so that the remaining set system has hereditary discrepancy at most polylogarithmic in {n}. Gil guessed that the truth is closer to the lower bound.
Alex Nikolov and I managed to show that this is not the case. Since hereditary discrepancy is, well, hereditary, a lower bound on the hereditary discrepancy of a submatrix is also a lower bound on the hereditary discrepancy of whole matrix. In the EDP matrix on {[n]}, we will first find our subcubes-juntas-contingency-tables matrix {A} above as a submatrix; one for which {d} is {\Theta(\frac{\log n}{\log \log n})}. Having done that, it would remain to prove a lower bound for {\mathsf{herdisc}(A)} itself.
The first step is done as follows: associate each dimension {i \leq d} with {2i}th and the {(2i+1)}th prime. A point {v = (v_1,v_2,\ldots,v_d)} in the hypercube is naturally associated with the integer {f(v)=\Pi_{i} p_{2i+v_i}}. A subcube query can be specified by a vector {q \in \{0,1,\star\}^d}: {q} is set to the appropriate {0}-{1} value for the coordinates that we fix, and {\star} for the unconstrained coordinates. We can associate a subcube {q} with the integer {f(q)=\Pi_{i: q_i \neq \star} p_{2i+q_i}}. It is easy to see that {x} is in the subcube corresponding to {q} if and only if {f(q)} divides {f(x)}. Thus if we restrict ourselves to the integers {\{f(v): v \in \{0,1\}^d\}} and HAPs corresponding to {\{f(q): q \in \{0,1,\star\}^d\}}, we have found a submatrix of the EDP matrix that looks exactly like our contingency tables matrix {A}. Thus the hereditary discrepancy of the EDP matrix is at least as large as that of this submatrix that we found.
Lower bounds for private mechanisms for {A} can be derived in many ways. For constant {k}, the results of Kasiviswanathan et al. referred to above suffice and it is likely that they can be pushed to get the {2^{\Omega(d)}} lower bounds we are shooting for. A very different approach of extracting from weak random sources also implies such a lower bound. It is likely that from these, one could get a lower bound on {\mathsf{herdisc}} of the kind we need.
However, given what we know about {A}, we can in fact remove the privacy scaffolding and get a simpler direct proof of the lower bound of {2^{\Omega(d)}} on {\mathsf{herdisc}(A)}, and can write a proof of the lower bound without any mention of privacy. This implies that the hereditary discrepancy for the EDP is at least {2^{\Omega(d)} = n^{\Omega(\frac{1}{\log\log n})}}, which matches the upper bound up to a constant in the exponent. A brief note with the proof is here.
Of course the EDP itself is wide open. Head on here to help settle the conjecture.
Many thanks to Alex Nikolov for his contribution to the content and the writing of this post.
14 Comments leave one →
 1. September 6, 2012 12:57 am
 Great post. Reminds me of a talk Avi once gave titled something like "why it's worthwhile sitting in talks in different fields." I should add that sometimes fields don't only borrow ideas but also borrow the researchers from other fields. So beware guys … :-)
 2. September 11, 2012 12:19 pm
 Where did you define EDP?
 - Kunal Talwar permalink
 September 11, 2012 3:31 pm
 My bad. EDP is the Erd\"os discrepancy problem that we started the post with. Now fixed.
 3. Gil Kalai permalink
 September 11, 2012 7:04 pm
 Great! Just saw the post.
 4. September 13, 2012 5:18 pm
 Very nice post! I have always thought about constructing DP lower bounds as equivalent to showing the existence of large packings around the optimal value. For example, our sample complexity bounds for learning in [1] and statistics [2] are all based on this concept of packings. Do you know if there's a formal relationship between the two concepts?
 [1] Sample Complexity Bounds for Differentially Private Learning
 Kamalika Chaudhuri and Daniel Hsu, COLT 2011
 [2] Convergence Rates for Differentially Private Statistical Estimation
 Kamalika Chaudhuri and Daniel Hsu, ICML 2012
 - Kunal Talwar permalink
 September 14, 2012 5:56 pm
 Thanks for the pointers.
 For (eps,0)-differential privacy, pretty much all lower bounds I know of are based on packing arguments. For linear queries, Moritz and I showed[1] that this is tight up to a polylog factor. We can go a little further than packing based lower bounds[2] by"adding up" packing-based lower bounds over orthogonal subspaces. It is a good question if packing based LBs are nearly tight in some more general setting.
 For (eps,delta)-differential privacy, the picture is quite different. Packing based lower bounds only apply when delta is really small, and do not apply for say polynomially small delta. In fact, you can sometimes get (eps,1/poly(n))-DP mechanisms with accuracy significantly better than the packing based lower bounds for (eps,0) [3].
 So in most settings, for proving non-trivial lower bounds of (eps,delta), one must go beyond packings. Many of the lower bounds go via lower bounds for some variant of blatant non-privacy. As this post mentions, these are often lower bounds on discrepancy, or on the smallest eigenvalue of an associated matrix.
 [1] Hardt and Talwar, The Geometry of Differential Privacy. _URL_
 [2] Bhaskara et al. Unconditional Differentially Private Mechanisms for linear queries. _URL_
 [3] Anindya De, Lower bounds on Differential Privacy, _URL_
 - Adam Smith permalink
 September 19, 2012 12:59 pm
 Another paper from the same period that uses the packing technique:
 A. Beimel, S. P. Kasiviswanathan, and K. Nissim. Bounds on the Sample Complexity for Private Learning and Private Data Release. In the Seventh Theory of Cryptography Conference, 2010. _URL_
 - Kunal Talwar permalink
 September 19, 2012 10:23 pm
 The references [2] and [3] were flipped. Just fixed that.
 Also, just to clarify, I did not mean to suggest that [1] introduced packing arguments. There are earlier papers with a packing argument, and certainly people in the community knew of it independently well before it appeared in print. What I find surprising is that in many settings, it is tight or nearly tight for (eps,0). Our failure to come up with more clever lower bounding techniques is, in many cases, not our fault. :)
 5. Alec Edgington permalink
 October 7, 2012 6:46 am
 The definition of EDP given above is not quite correct. The problem is to bound all partial sums of the function along HAPs, not just the sums that go all the way up to n.
 (Indeed, the conjecture as stated is trivially false: one can take C=1 and define f by f(m) = +1 if m \leq n/2 and f(m) = -1 if m > n/2.)
 (The definition given in the paper is correct …)
 - Kunal Talwar permalink
 October 7, 2012 4:19 pm
 Thanks for the correction. Now fixed.
Trackbacks
 1. The Quantum Debate is Over! (and other Updates) | Combinatorics and more
 2. A Few Mathematical Snapshots from India (ICM2010) | Combinatorics and more
 3. From Discrepancy to Privacy, and back Part 2: Approximating Hereditary Discrepancy « Windows On Theory
 4. Open Collaborative Mathematics over the Internet – Three Examples | Combinatorics and more
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text:
It could be that it is not the monitor which is in "power save mode", but the computer itself.
When you cannot get a computer out of "power save mode" by any other means, typically the cause is that the button-cell-type battery of your computer, which is located on the motherboard, is empty.
Usually, this happens on a computer which is a few years old, since its batteries will have run out after such a long time. (The motherboard battery is used to store various settings when the computer power is off, such as date and time. When your computer detects this battery is empty, it goes into a low-power mode).
The solution is to replace the button-cell battery on the motherboard of your computer:
- open the case of your computer;
- visually locate the motherboard (the main electronic circuit board) of your computer;
- visually scan the motherboard for a button-cell battery (it looks like a digital watch battery, but a bit larger);
- remove this motherboard battery from your computer;
- restart your computer: it should now power up normally (you may get some warning messages during the start-up sequence, but ignore them);
- set the date and time of your computer using the "Date and Time" control panel;
- you can now use your computer normally, but you will lose date and time settings when you disconnect the computer power cord, since there is no motherboard battery present to store them;
- take the motherboard battery to an electronics store and get a replacement;
install the new battery in your computer;
- restart your computer, and set the date and time again; the settings will now be saved using motherboard battery power.


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INDUCED BIAS IN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM COMMERCIAL MICROWAVE LINKS
Abstract:
Cellular backhaul networks usually consist of commercial microwave links, known to be sensitive to weather conditions. The management network systems usually provide records of measurements of the transmitted and the received signals levels from the different microwave links for monitoring and analyzing the network performance. Many of them log only the minimum and the maximum levels of the transmitted and the received signals in pre-set intervals (usually 15-minute). Moreover, only quantized version of these measurements are logged. In the last decade it has been proposed to use these existing measurements for rainfall monitoring. In this paper we analyze the effects of the quantizer and the min/max operators on commercial microwave links signals levels measurements. We show that the quantization process, in combination with the min/max operators, adds bias to the measurements which can be significant. We then propose a method to calculate this bias, and demonstrate our findings using measurements from actual commercial microwave links.
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Paper Details
Authors:
Adam Eshel, Pinhas Alpert, Hagit Messer
Submitted On:
28 February 2017 - 5:14am
Short Link:
Type:
Poster
Event:
Presenter's Name:
Hagit Messer
Paper Code:
1256
Document Year:
2017
Cite
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[1] Adam Eshel, Pinhas Alpert, Hagit Messer, "INDUCED BIAS IN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM COMMERCIAL MICROWAVE LINKS", IEEE SigPort, 2017. [Online]. Available: _URL_ Accessed: Apr. 28, 2017.
@article{1497-17,
url = {_URL_
author = {Adam Eshel; Pinhas Alpert; Hagit Messer },
publisher = {IEEE SigPort},
title = {INDUCED BIAS IN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM COMMERCIAL MICROWAVE LINKS},
year = {2017} }
TY - EJOUR
T1 - INDUCED BIAS IN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM COMMERCIAL MICROWAVE LINKS
AU - Adam Eshel; Pinhas Alpert; Hagit Messer
PY - 2017
PB - IEEE SigPort
UR - _URL_
ER -
Adam Eshel, Pinhas Alpert, Hagit Messer. (2017). INDUCED BIAS IN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM COMMERCIAL MICROWAVE LINKS. IEEE SigPort. _URL_
Adam Eshel, Pinhas Alpert, Hagit Messer, 2017. INDUCED BIAS IN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM COMMERCIAL MICROWAVE LINKS. Available at: _URL_
Adam Eshel, Pinhas Alpert, Hagit Messer. (2017). "INDUCED BIAS IN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM COMMERCIAL MICROWAVE LINKS." Web.
1. Adam Eshel, Pinhas Alpert, Hagit Messer. INDUCED BIAS IN ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM COMMERCIAL MICROWAVE LINKS [Internet]. IEEE SigPort; 2017. Available from : _URL_


error because the type argument specified for T could be any type, the only members that can be assumed to exist on the item parameter are those declared by type objects, such as Equals, GetHashCode, and ToString; a compile-time error therefore occurs in the above example. Constants tell the compiler that only objects of this type or derived from this type will be used as type arguments. Once the compiler has this guarantee, it can allow methods of that type to be called within the generic class. Constraints are applied using the contextual keyword where. The following code example demonstrates the functionality we can add to the MyList<T> class by applying a base class constraint.
public class MyList<T> where T : IComparable
{
 public void Add(T item)
 {
 T x; // Define your variable x
 if (item.CompareTo(x) < 0)
 {
 // Code here
 }
 }
}
The constraint enables the generic class to use the IComparable property since all items of type T are guaranteed to be either an IComparable type or an object that inherits/implements IComparable. Multiple constraints can be applied to the same type of parameter, and the constraints themselves can be generic types as below.
public interface IComparableList<T> : IComparable<T>, IList<T>
{
 // Additional members or methods if needed
}
public class MyList<T> where T : IComparableList<T>
{
 // Your code here
}
The current version of C# 2.0 supports Five types of constraints.
 - Where T struct: The type argument must be a value type.
 - Where T class: The type argument must be a reference type.
 - where T new(): The type argument must have a public parameterless constructor. When used in conjunction with other constraints, the new() constraint must be specified last.
 - where T < base class name>: The type argument must be or derive from the specified base class.
 - where T <interface name>: The type argument must be or implement the specified interface. Multiple interface constraints can be specified. The constraining interface can also be generic.
By constraining the type parameter, you increase the number of allowable operations and method calls to those supported by the constraining type and all types in its inheritance hierarchy. Therefore, when designing generic classes or methods, if you will be performing any operation on the generic members beyond simple assignment or calling any methods not supported by the System. Object, you will need to apply constraints to the type parameter.
When type parameters that have no constraints, such as T in public class MyList<T>{...}, are called unbounded type parameters. The unbound parameters are below the rules.
 1. The != and == operators cannot be used because there is no guarantee that the concrete-type argument will support these operators.
 2. They can be converted to and from the System. Object or explicitly converted to any interface type.
 3. You can compare it to null. If an unbounded parameter is compared to null, the comparison will always return false if the type argument is a value type
When a generic type parameter is used as a constraint, it is called a naked type constraint. Naked type constraints are useful when a member function with its own type parameter needs to constrain that parameter to the type parameter of the containing type, as shown in the following example.
class List<T>
{
 // ...
 // This method adds items of type U to the list
 void Add<U>(List<U> items) where U : T
 {
 // Implementation of the Add method
 }
}
In the previous example, T is a naked type constraint in the context of the Add method and an unbounded type parameter in the context of the List class.
Naked-type constraints can also be used in generic class definitions. Note that the naked type constraint must also have been declared within the angle brackets along with any other type parameters
public class MyClass<T, U, V> where T : V
{
 // Rest of the class code here
}
The usefulness of naked type constraints with generic classes is very limited because the compiler can assume nothing about a naked type constraint except that it derives from the System. Object. Use naked type constraints on generic classes in scenarios in which you wish to enforce an inheritance relationship between two type parameters.
I conclude generics by talking about a few cool kinds of stuff in the generics class and the differences between generics and C++ templates.
Generic classes encapsulate operations that are not specific to any particular data type. In general, the generic classes are used for working with collections like lists, hashtables, stacks queues, etc., where the items are stored, retrieved, or removed regardless of the type of data. Generic class declarations follow the same rules as normal class declarations except where noted, particularly with regard to naming, nesting, and the permitted access controls. Generic class declarations may be nested inside non-generic class declarations, for example, class MyList<T> {}. One interesting thing about static fields in a generic class is A static variable in a generic class declaration is shared amongst all instances of the same closed constructed type but is not shared amongst instances of different closed constructed types. These rules apply regardless of whether the type of the static variable involves any type of parameters or not, for example.
class C<T>
{
 static int count = 0;
 public C()
 {
 count++;
 }
 public static int Count
 {
 get { return count; }
 }
}
class Application
{
 static void Main()
 {
 // Same closed constructed type because count is int type.
 C<int> x1 = new C<int>();
 Console.WriteLine(C<int>.Count); // Prints 1
 // Different closed constructed types
 C<double> x2 = new C<double>();
 Console.WriteLine(C<int>.Count); // Prints 1
 // Same closed constructed type because count is int type
 C<int> x3 = new C<int>();
 Console.WriteLine(C<int>.Count); // Prints 2
 }
}
The other cool stuff of the generic class is the default keyword. In generic classes and methods, one issue that arises is how to assign a default value to a parameterized type <T> because the value can be reference type or value type. So T = null is only valid if <T> is a reference type, and T = 0 will only work for numeric value types but not for structs. The solution is to use the default keyword, which will return null for reference types and zero for numeric value types. For structs, it will return each member of the struct initialized to zero or null depending on whether they are value or reference types. The following example from the MyList<T> class shows how to use the default keyword.
public class MyList<T> where T : IComparable
{
 public void Add(T item)
 {
 T temp = default(T);
 }
}
There are lot to talk about in generic class. Let me stop here with an assumption that lets the readers explore the other features of generic class, method, and interface.
Difference between C# Generics and C++ Templates
C# Generics and C++ templates are both languages that provide support for parameterized types. C# generics are a simpler approach to parameterized types without the complexity of C++ templates. The following are the differences between C# generics and C++ templates.
 1. C# generics do not provide the same amount of flexibility as C++ templates. For example, it is not possible to call arithmetic operators in a C# generic class, although it is possible to call user-defined operators.
 2. C# does not allow non-type template parameters, such as template C<int i> {}.
 3. C# does not support explicit specialization, that is, a custom implementation of a template for a specific type.
 4. C# does not support partial specialization: a custom implementation for a subset of the type arguments.
 5. C# does not allow the type parameter to be used as the base class for the generic type.
 6. C# does not allow type parameters to have default types
 7. In C#, a generic type parameter cannot itself be generic, although constructed types can be used as generics. C++ does allow template parameters.
 8. C++ allows code that might not be valid for all type parameters in the template, which is then checked for the specific type used as the type parameter. C# requires code in a class to be written in such a way that it will work with any type that satisfies the constraints. For example, in C++, it is possible to write a function that uses the arithmetic operators + and - on objects of the type parameter, which will produce an error at the time of instantiation of the template with a type that does not support these operators. C# disallows this; the only language constructs allowed are those that can be deduced from the constraints.
2. Iterators in C#
As we are all familiar with C# foreach, it allows us to iterate over the elements of a collection of enumerables, and the GetEnumerator method returns the enumerator from the collection. If we look enumerator has certain constraints like performance, implementations, etc, Iterators make


text:
We work in three dimensions, with similar definitions holding in any other number of dimensions. In three dimensions, a form of the type
is called a differential form. This form is called exact on a domain in space if there exists some scalar function defined on such that
throughout D. This is equivalent to saying that the vector field is a conservative vector field, with corresponding potential.
In one dimension, a differential form
is exact as long as has an antiderivative; in this case let be the antiderivative of. Otherwise, if does not have an antiderivative, we cannot write and so the differential form is inexact.
Two and three dimensions
Hence, it follows that in a simply-connected region R of the xy-plane, a differential
is an exact differential if and only if the following holds:
For three dimensions, a differential
is an exact differential in a simply-connected region R of the xyz-coordinate system if between the functions A, B and C there exist the relations:
- ; ;
- Note: The subscripts outside the parenthesis indicate which variables are being held constant during differentiation. Due to the definition of the partial derivative, these subscripts are not required, but they are included as a reminder.
These conditions are equivalent to the following one: If G is the graph of this vector valued function then for all tangent vectors X,Y of the surface G then s(X, Y) = 0 with s the symplectic form.
These conditions, which are easy to generalize, arise from the independence of the order of differentiations in the calculation of the second derivatives. So, in order for a differential dQ, that is a function of four variables to be an exact differential, there are six conditions to satisfy.
In summary, when a differential dQ is exact:
- the function Q exists;
- independent of the path followed.
In thermodynamics, when dQ is exact, the function Q is a state function of the system. The thermodynamic functions U, S, H, A and G are state functions. Generally, neither work nor heat is a state function. An exact differential is sometimes also called a 'total differential', or a 'full differential', or, in the study of differential geometry, it is termed an exact form.
Partial differential relations
Substituting the first equation into the second and rearranging, we obtain:669
Since and are independent variables, and may be chosen without restriction. For this last equation to hold in general, the bracketed terms must be equal to zero.:669
Setting the first term in brackets equal to zero yields:670
A slight rearrangement gives a reciprocity relation,:670
There are two more permutations of the foregoing derivation that give a total of three reciprocity relations between, and. Reciprocity relations show that the inverse of a partial derivative is equal to its reciprocal.
If, instead, a reciprocity relation for is used with subsequent rearrangement, a standard form for implicit differentiation is obtained:
Some useful equations derived from exact differentials in two dimensions
Suppose we have five state functions, and. Suppose that the state space is two dimensional and any of the five quantities are exact differentials. Then by the chain rule
but also by the chain rule:
which implies that:
Letting, gives:
using ( gives the triple product rule:
- Çengel, Yunus A.; Boles, Michael A. (1998). "Thermodynamics Property Relations". Thermodynamics - An Engineering Approach. McGraw-Hill Series in Mechanical Engineering (3rd ed.). Boston, MA.: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-011927-9.
- Perrot, P. (1998). A to Z of Thermodynamics. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Zill, D. (1993). A First Course in Differential Equations, 5th Ed. Boston: PWS-Kent Publishing Company.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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As I was thinking of making more advance tutorials, maybe its time to make a quick simple tutorials where beginners can easily figure how it was done. Here is a simple tutorial for beginners. In this tutorial you'll gonna learn how to create a Simple Text Portrait in Photoshop. You will learn how to make a text follow into a path with the use of Pen Tool (P) in more artistic way. Here's a quick look on the final result
First we need to get a Stock photo to start. This girl is good for our tutorial. You can download it HERE. After you download it. Put it in Photoshop and Name it to "GUIDE"
Once you download, Remove the background using Polygonal Lasso Tool (L).
Lets adjust the image Brightness and Contrast. Copy the settings below
Now lets posterize it a bit. Go to Image>Adjustments>Posterize. Then set the Level to 5. One its done set the image Opacity to 40 so we can easily see the path later on once we use Pen Tool (P).
Choose Pen Tool (P). Start creating a path from left to right. See image below.
Now Lets add an anchor point on the center of the path. Right Click on the Pen Tool (P) in the toolbar then choose Add Anchor Point Tool. Add an anchor point on the center then hold Left Click on your Mouse then drag it Upward.
This time choose Horizontal Type Tool (T) then click on the left side of the path. Its the first point when we start creating our path. After you click the first point of our path It must look like this
Now Start typing a text. I use naldzgraphics on this sample repeatedly:).
Lets adjust the size of the fonts so it will occupied the darker part of our image since we are using the darker part of the image as our guide to create our portrait.
To work on the eye, Choose Ellipse Tool (U) and start creating a circle inside the eye. Once your done adjust the circle using Direct Selection Tool (A). Now we have just made a path on the eye.
Choose Horizontal Type Tool (T) again. Click on the upper right of the path and start typing a text. It will look like this.
Now you learn how to create a path using Pen Tool repeat the same process on the nose,mouth and hair. Again make sure to use the darker part on the image as the guide on making the path:) Once your finish, close the "GUIDE" Layer. On the Background layer use _TAG_ color. Use Paint Bucket Tool (G) to apply the color. And we're finish:) Again Congrats!!!
Also Adding color gives better effect.You can play what ever color you want on your portrait. Here I just use a simple color using only more on red.
I hope this tutorial help you.
Also if you like you can bookmark this and share it with the others:)thanks for the visit and for your support.


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Structural phase transformations of silicon during nanoindentation were investigated in detail at the atomic level. The molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation on the (100) and (111) surface of single crystalline silicon were simulated, and this supported the theoretical prediction of the anisotropic behaviour of structural phase transformations. Simulations showed that microscopic aspects of phase transformation varied according to the crystallographic orientation of the contact surface and were directly linked to the slip system of silicon. In the transformed region along the centreline, the crystalline structure of Si-II and the amorphous structure were observed when silicon was loaded in the and directions, respectively. Simultaneously, metastable phases with fourfold coordination, such as Si-III and Si-XII, were formed by the inhomogeneous distortion in the slip direction of silicon and observed along the direction. Additionally, our results indicated that the deviatoric stress added to the hydrostatic pressure induced by loading was an indispensable factor for the structural phase transformation to Si-II during nanoindentation on the (100) surface.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Materials Science(all)
- Mechanics of Materials
- Mechanical Engineering
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


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The aim of this study was to determine if infrared thermography can be used as a tool to detect jugular venipuncture in the horse to support United States Equestrian Federation drug administration rule enforcement. This is a blinded, randomized clinical trial, and eight adult Thoroughbreds were used. For each horse, thermographic images of both jugular grooves were obtained by a blinded examiner, prior and subsequent to jugular venipuncture (10-mL sterile saline). Injected sides were randomized, and images were acquired before injection and then 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours after injection. Horses were maintained in a temperature-regulated stall. Images were reviewed and analyzed with standard thermography software to determine if venipuncture could be detected. Images of treated sites were minimally visibly different from those obtained at baseline or for the control sites. Following image analysis, a significant reduction (P <.05) was identified when mean jugular groove injection site temperature measurements were compared to baseline mean temperature measurements. The greatest observed difference (1.4 ± 0.8°C) was identified at 2 hours after injection. At time points 0.5 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours, delta T (difference between the mean temperature at each time point and the baseline temperature) was significantly different between the jugular injection site and the control site. Infrared thermography detects a significant change in surface skin temperature from baseline following jugular venipuncture for sterile saline injection. No significant comparable observed changes were identified at the control sites.
- Infrared thermography
ASJC Scopus subject areas


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Target audience: Social Workers, Psychologists, Counselors, Marriage & Family Therapists, Addiction Counselors
Course Description, Hours: 5 CEs
While much has been discovered about the relationship between trauma and addiction, not all clinicians are trained in both fields. PTSD and Addiction is a defining book that provides understanding and direction. Author Jerry Boriskin integrates conceptual and clinical models to help professionals recognize the effects of trauma and addiction, as well as utilize innovative treatment approaches.
This course contains a link to the book on Amazon and a test. When you're ready, purchase the course by clicking the "Buy Now" button below. Once you have read the materials, login and go to "My Profile" to take the quiz and print your certificate for CE credits. A minimum score of 80% is required on the exam in order to be accepted by most state and national boards.
The participant will be able to identify or demonstrate familiarity with:
- The basics of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Definitions and Diagnosis of PTSD
- The biology of PTSD made simple
- Myths, trends, and missing factors in the treatment of trauma-related disorders
- Techniques for treating trauma disorders
- Therapeutic models, power techniques, teleology, and process
- Addiction and twelve step integration with trauma disorders
- Twelve clinical principles
Required Reading/Course Materials:


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Provided are an apparatus and method for purifying contaminated soil using subcritical water. The method for purifying contaminated soil includes: (a) compressing water within a water storage tank using a high-pressure pump, and heating the water compressed by the high-pressure pump using a preheater so as to produce water in a subcritical state (i.e., subcritical water); (b) accumulating contaminated soil to be purified into a reactor; (c) enabling the subcritical water produced in step (a) to pass through the contaminated soil to be purified, which was accumulated within the reactor in step (b), at a high pressure using the high-pressure pump of step (a) to remove contaminants from the contaminated soil to be purified; (d) cooling high-temperature processing water containing the contaminants of step (C) using a heat exchanger; and (e) separating the contaminants from the processing water which contains the contaminants and which is cooled by the heat exchanger in step (d) by means of specific gravity using a separator.
Unidad de Vigilancia Tecnológica Ecoinnovación
- Recibir el boletín personalizado
- Guardar archivos de interés
- Achivo protegido
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING CONTAMINATED SOIL USING SUBCRITICAL WATER


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Copyright © University of Cambridge. All rights reserved.
'Avalanche!' printed from _URL_
Mathematicians and scientists use experiments to model what happens in avalanches, so they can understand them better. In this investigation, students will model an avalanche, collect data and display their findings with graphs.
Equipment required (per small group of students):
- at least two (preferably more) of sand, gravel, couscous, small seeds (eg. coriander), dried peas, raisins, lentils, rice, or similar - you need enough of each to give a good heap on an A5 size piece of paper
- a funnel and a clamp-stand to hold it vertically over a sheet of squared paper (A4 would be OK, A3 would be better)
- a set of measuring spoons or weighing scales (the kind you cook with would be fine)
The basic experiment:
- Put the funnel in the clamp so the funnel points vertically downwards.
- Put the piece of squared paper on the table so the funnel is pointing down at the middle of the paper.
- Pour 1 tablespoon or 20g of the chosen avalanche substance through the funnel.
- Mark the area covered on the piece of paper, and record it as the 1st tablespoon or 20g of the substance.
- Measure the height of the heap as accurately as possible, ensuring the ruler is vertical.
- Measure the angle between the piece of paper and the slope of the heap as accurately as possible.
- Repeat steps 3-6 until an avalanche occurs, recording the number of tablespoons or 20g portions at each stage. Describe the avalanche (see below).
- Continue with the experiment until the avalanche substance runs out.
- Make a note of any problems in the experiment, or anything which may have made it less accurate than would have have been desirable.
Describing the avalanche:
- Record that an avalanche has occurred on the area, height and angle results.
- Describe the avalanche. Questions to help:
- was it just a small trickle or a large fall or somewhere in between?
- how far down the slope did the avalanche go?
- is there anything else you observed?
Graphing the data:
- Draw a bar graph to show the height of the heap at each stage, with the number of tablespoonfuls or 20g measured amounts of the substance on the horizontal axis and the height of the heap on the vertical axis.
- Repeat for the angle between the horizontal and the slope of the heap.
- Estimate the area covered by the heap at each stage, by counting squares. Then draw a bar graph of area (vertical axis) against the number of amounts of the substance (horizontal axis).
- On your graphs, label the points at which avalanches occurred.
Questions to consider:
- Do the three graphs have much the same shape, or not? How are they similar, how are they different?
- Can you see any patterns in when avalanches occurred, or does it seem to be quite random?
Now look at the descriptions of the avalanches, and try to classify them as small, medium or large events.
- Are there any patterns in the graphs for the severity of the avalanches?
At this stage, it would be good if groups of students make reports on what they have observed about avalanches so far, using their graphs, their observations about when avalanches occur and about how severe they are.
There are several ways in which the basic experiment might be extended. Students should start by deciding what they want to investigate, then plan their experiments, making notes on what they will do. Planning should include quantitative information where appropriate.
Students could decide on their own question, or use these sets of questions as a guide:
- What difference does the size of particle make? What happens if the particle size is smaller/larger? How do the results compare with previous ones?
- What difference does it make if two or more substances are mixed? How does the mixture compare with what happens with the substances on their own? Does it make a difference if the particle sizes are similar or different? How does varying the proportions of each affect the results?
- What difference does it make if water is added to a substance? Water should be added in measured amounts, seeing how this affects the results.
Using your graphs to think about avalanches
Collect all your results and graphs together. What do they tell you about avalanches? Try answering these questions to help you:
- Which substances had the most frequent avalanches?
- Which substances had the least frequent avalanches?
- Which substances had the most severe avalanches?
- Which substances had the least severe avalanches?
- Is there a maximum area covered, or height, or angle, for heaps of particular substances?
- Does the frequency or severity of an avalanche relate to the area of the existing heap, or its height, or the angle it makes with the paper?
- What difference do you think particle size makes?
- What difference does the amount of water make?
- How does it affect things if you mix two or more substances?
- Do the proportions in which they are mixed matter?
Now apply what you've discovered to snow avalanches:
- What sort of snow is likely to have the most dangerous avalanches - snow with small or large particles?
- Is wet snow likely to be more dangerous than dry snow, or vice versa?
- Avalanches happen on snowy slopes. Are slopes with slight (say up to 20°), moderate (say 20° to 50°) or steep (more than 50°, say) likely to be most dangerous?
- If snow melts then refreezes, making bigger icy particles, and then new, smaller snow crystals fall, what would be predict about the likelihood of an avalanche?
Which of these suggestions do you think would be sensible advice to people trying to prevent or at least control avalanches? Which wouldn?t be sensible?
- Chop down all the trees in case they are damaged by avalanches.
- Trigger small, controlled avalanches very early in the morning to clear away accumulated snow.
- Put fences, posts, windbreaks or dams on slopes to divert the avalanches.
- Grow new trees on slopes to break up avalanches.
- Build houses on snowy slopes to divert the avalanches.
- Fire guns in the late afternoon to start an avalanche and clear away accumulated snow.
Can you suggest any ideas of your own?


Sylvia Plimack Mangold
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Sylvia Plimack Mangold (born September 18, 1938) is an American artist, painter, printmaker, and pastelist. She is known for her representational depictions of interiors and landscapes.
Life and career[edit]
Plimack Mangold was born Sylvia Plimack in New York City, the daughter of Ethel, an office administrator, and Maurice Plimack, an accountant and businessman.[1][2][3] She grew up in Queens, and attended the High School of Music and Art in Manhattan, after high school she was accepted into the program at Cooper Union in 1956. She continued her studies at Yale University and graduated with a B.F.A. in 1961. In the same year she married Yale classmate and fellow painter Robert Mangold.
After studying at Yale with William Bailey and others, Plimack Mangold worked as a representational painter. Her paintings in the early 1960s were paintings of floors, walls and corners, compositions where mirror images were also introduced, making the space more complex. In the 1970s she added trompe l'oeil elements such as metal rulers and masking tape along the borders of the images. In the 1980s she introduced the images of the landscape to the canvas affixed by the image of masking tape. Eventually, the landscape image filled the entire canvas and focused on individual trees, their branches cropped so as to create the spaces between the limbs and branches of the trees. All the landscape paintings are done from observation. Even as the subject matter of Plimack Mangold's paintings has shifted, her work has always been based in perceptual realism, inviting viewers to observe from up close and mirroring her own process of observation.[4]
Mangold received a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1975. Her work has been the subject of solo exhibitions at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Neuberger Museum of Art at the State University of New York at Purchase, the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, and the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut, and is represented in the aforementioned museums in Boston, Hartford, and the Brooklyn Museum of Art.[citation needed]
She is the mother of film director and screenwriter James Mangold, and a musician Andrew Mangold.
 1. ^ The paintings of Sylvia Plimack Mangold, Albright-Knox Art Gallery (1994), page 115
 2. ^ Sylvia Plimack Mangold - works on paper, _PHONE_, Davison Art Center, University of Michigan. Museum of Art (1992), page 7
 3. ^
 4. ^ Berlind, Robert (July–August 2012). "Sylvia Plimack Mangold: Recent Works". The Brooklyn Rail.
External links[edit]


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A Jesuit Franciscan.
- Guest Voices
A Franciscan Jesuit for pope
What can we make of the Argentine Jesuit pope who has chosen the name Francis?
Jesuits and Franciscans are both Catholic, but they do represent different forms of Catholic spirituality. In times past, the Jesuits and Franciscans have also had their share of disagreements—over mission territory, over involvement in secular affairs and over the finer points of theology.
Jesuits are celebrated for their complexity; Franciscans are admired for their simplicity.
Jesuit spirituality values discernment and decision-making, and a prayerful consideration of possibilities and choices. It is a way that emphasizes detachment from the passions.
Franciscan spirituality embraces an ethos of sharing, a sharing not just of possessions, but also of love and experience. It is a way recognizes our reliance on the mercy of God.
Jesuits, of course, have a well-deserved reputation as the intellectuals of the church—a quality that finds expression not just through teaching and research, but also through organizing and institution building. Franciscans are accustomed to expressing themselves in less discursive ways: through labor, through charity, and through other examples of what Catholics call corporal and spiritual works of mercy.
It's easy to make too much of these differences. Many Jesuits have embraced poverty and lives of hidden service; and many Franciscans are keen theologians and brilliant thinkers.
But most importantly, Jesuit and Franciscan spiritualities converge on the person of Jesus Christ.
St. Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Society of Jesus, often meditated on the prayer Amina Christi that says, "O Jesus, hide me in Thy wounds so that I may never be separated from Thee." St. Francis of Assisi, the founder of the Order of Friars Minor, kissed and washed the sores of lepers. For him, Christ was not just revealed in the leper, Jesus was a leper: despised, humiliated, and outcast.
For both Ignatius and Francis, for both Jesuits and Franciscans, it is the person of Christ who reveals the divine and transforms our humanity.
Pope Francis will bring a Jesuit intellectualism into the papacy. After all, he was trained in Germany and taught theology himself. But by choosing the name Francis, he is also affirming the power of humility and simplicity. Pope Francis, the Argentine Jesuit, is not simply attesting to the complementarity of the Ignatian and Franciscan paths. He is pointing to how the mind and heart meet in the love of Jesus Christ.
Both St. Ignatius and St. Francis often received "the gift of tears." And I know many people—myself included—who were moved to tears when Pope Francis recited the Our Father and the Hail Mary with the assembled crowd and then asked for their silent prayers. It was an act that combined simplicity with a powerful openness to divine and human love. It was a scene that was both Jesuit and Franciscan because it was so deeply Christian. It was a moment when Pope Francis reminded us how much we need Jesus, and also how much we need one another.
Mathew Schmalz teaches and writes on global Catholicism at the College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass.


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Brown Inca Hummingbirds
Hummingbird Information
Brown Inca Hummingbird (Coeligena wilsoni)
Brown Inca Hummingbird (Coeligena wilsoni) The Brown Inca Hummingbird (Coeligena wilsoni) - also known as King's Musketeer or Wilson's Inca - is a hummingbird that is found on the Pacific slope of Andes of western and southwestern Colombia to western Ecuador.
They are common at elevations from 3,300 4,300 ft (1,000 - 1,300 meters). Uncommon at higher or lower altitudes; although can occur as low as 2,300 ft (700 m) and up to 6,200 ft (1,900 m).
They inhabit wet montane forests (known as "cloud forests") or are found along the thick forest borders.
Alternate (Global) Names
Spanish: Colibrí Morado Verde, Inca Pardo ... French: Inca brun ... Italian: Colibrì inca di Wilson, Inca bruno ... German: Brauner Andenkolibri, Königsmusketier, Königs-Musketier ... Czech: Inka hnedý, inka hn?dý ... Danish: Brun Inka ... Finnish: Ruskoinkakolibri ... Japanese: chairoinkahachidori ... Dutch: Bruine Incakolibrie, Bruine Inkakolibrie ... Norwegian: Bruninka ... Polish: elfik szarawy ... Russian: ??????????? ???????-???? ... Slovak: ink hnedý ... Swedish: Brun inka
Brown Inca Hummingbird (Coeligena wilsoni) Description
The Brown Inca measures about 4.3" or 10.9 cm in length, including bill and tail. The straight and slender bill is about 1.3" or 33 mm long.
The upper plumage is reddish-bronze turning more olive on the lower back. The plumage below is mostly a dull brown with an amethyst patch on the center throat and white patch on each side of the chest. The bronze tail is slightly forked.
The Adult Female looks like male, except has a smaller throat patch.
Similar species: Resemble the Bronzy Inca and Brown Violetear.
Nesting / Breeding
Hummingbirds are solitary in all aspects of life other than breeding; and the male's only involvement in the reproductive process is the actual mating with the female. They neither live nor migrate in flocks; and there is no pair bond for this species. Males court females by flying in a u-shaped pattern in front of them. He will separate from the female immediately after copulation. One male may mate with several females. In all likelihood, the female will also mate with several males. The males do not participate in choosing the nest location, building the nest or raising the chicks.
The female is responsible for building the cup-shaped nest out of plant fibers woven together and green moss on the outside for camouflage in a protected location in a shrub, bush or tree. She lines the nest with soft plant fibers, animal hair and feather down, and strengthens the structure with spider webbing and other sticky material, giving it an elastic quality to allow it to stretch to double its size as the chicks grow and need more room. The nest is typically found on a low, skinny horizontal branch.
The average clutch consists of two white eggs, which she incubates alone, while the male defends his territory and the flowers he feeds on. The young are born blind, immobile and without any down.
The female alone protects and feeds the chicks with regurgitated food (mostly partially-digested insects since nectar is an insufficient source of protein for the growing chicks). The female pushes the food down the chicks' throats with her long bill directly into their stomachs.
As is the case with other hummingbird species, the chicks are brooded only the first week or two, and left alone even on cooler nights after about 12 days - probably due to the small nest size. The chicks leave the nest when they are about 20 days old.
Diet / Feeding
The Brown Inca Hummingbirds primarily feed on nectar taken from a variety of brightly colored, scented small flowers of trees, herbs, shrubs and epiphytes. They favor flowers with the highest sugar content (often red-colored and tubular-shaped) and seek out, and aggressively protect, those areas containing flowers with high energy nectar.They use their long, extendible, straw-like tongues to retrieve the nectar while hovering with their tails cocked upward as they are licking at the nectar up to 13 times per second. Sometimes they may be seen hanging on the flower while feeding.
Many native and cultivated plants on whose flowers these birds feed heavily rely on them for pollination. The mostly tubular-shaped flowers actually exclude most bees and butterflies from feeding on them and, subsequently, from pollinating the plants.
They may also visit local hummingbird feeders for some sugar water, or drink out of bird baths or water fountains where they will either hover and sip water as it runs over the edge; or they will perch on the edge and drink - like all the other birds; however, they only remain still for a short moment.
They also take some small spiders and insects - important sources of protein particularly needed during the breeding season to ensure the proper development of their young. Insects are often caught in flight (hawking); snatched off leaves or branches, or are taken from spider webs. A nesting female can capture up to 2,000 insects a day.
Males establish feeding territories, where they aggressively chase away other males as well as large insects - such as bumblebees and hawk moths - that want to feed in their territory. They use aerial flights and intimidating displays to defend their territories.
Metabolism and Survival and Flight Adaptions - Amazing Facts
Species Research by Sibylle Johnson
Please Note: The articles or images on this page are the sole property of the authors or photographers. Please contact them directly with respect to any copyright or licensing questions. Thank you.
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GEW concluded the first of its bi-annual Spectrum Monitoring and EMC training courses at its Cape Town facilities during the week of 9-12 May 2017. The four-day knowledge-building course was attended by 27 delegates from both the regulator and industry, and focused on regulatory issues, measurements in accordance with ITU-R specifications and EMC principles. The combination of theoretical and practical sessions help facilitate a greater understanding of the core ITU standards and industry best practices. The course presented key spectrum monitoring and management themes, such as:
- Real-time radio spectrum monitoring and measurements techniques
- ITU-R measurements and industry best practices
- Frequency assignment and occupancy analysis – Frequency Band Occupancy (FBO) and Frequency Channel Occupancy (FCO)
- Measurement systems training (half a day outing with practical demonstrations)
- Spectrum management and its supporting role in a monitoring network
- Understanding EMC fundamentals and principles to reduce interference
- EMC Coupling issues and its prevention.
Remaining current with the industry best practices insures a solid knowledge base on spectrum monitoring and spectrum management. This training course helps educate industry professionals to keep them at the forefront of spectrum monitoring and spectrum management operations. For information on future courses, please visit our Spectrum Monitoring Training page.


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Navigating the Philippine Peso: A Comprehensive Guide to Currency Conversion provides a detailed overview of the Philippine currency and its history. This guide covers the essentials of currency conversion, including exchange rates, factors that influence the value of the Philippine Peso, and tips for converting currency.
From discussing various popular currencies around the world to delving into the specifics of Philippine exchange rates, this blog seeks to provide readers with the necessary tools needed to confidently navigate the money exchange market.
Importance of Understanding Currency Conversion
Understanding the concept of currency conversion is essential when doing business or visiting the Philippines. The country is a dynamic one that experiences several fluctuations in its currency. Knowing how to convert Philippine pesos (PHP) into other currencies such as U.S. dollars or euros can help one make more informed decisions when traveling.
Understanding currency conversion is particularly important for those entering the investments space, as it can help inform sound financial decisions and investments that are more reliable over time.
History of the Philippine Peso
The Philippine Peso has a long and storied history. It was first used as a medium of exchange in the 16th century during Spanish colonial rule, when it was traded at an exchange rate of four pesos to one Mexican silver dollar. The level of the peso remained at par until the American colonial period when its value fell to half a US dollar.
The currency continued to decline dramatically in the post-colonial era when its strength was associated with world commodity prices and prolonged periods of devaluation and depreciation occurred. Over time, various denominations were put into circulation and replaced by newer notes printed by local authorities, as well as coins minted by foreign entities.
In 1949, the Central Bank of the Philippines was established and this body became responsible for managing the economy, regulating use of the peso, issuing currency and driving economic growth within the country. Its role remains unaltered until today.
Early forms of currency
In the Philippines, early forms of currency included various items such as shells, beads, and gold nuggets. These items served as a medium of exchange and were used to facilitate trade among communities. The use of these commodities was gradually replaced by the introduction of paper money, coins, and other forms of currency that were issued by the Spanish colonial government.
The peso, a Spanish currency, became the official currency of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period and has since evolved into the Philippine Peso that is used today.
Adoption of the Philippine Peso
The Philippine Peso was officially adopted as the currency of the Philippines after the country gained independence from Spain in 1898. The Philippine Islands were ceded to the United States as part of the 1898 Treaty of Paris, and the Philippine Peso continued to be the official currency of the Philippines during the American colonial period.
Evolution of the Philippine Peso
The Philippine Peso has undergone several changes and improvements since its adoption as the official currency of the Philippines. During the American colonial period, the Philippine Peso was pegged to the US Dollar, but it was later revalued in the 1960s to maintain its value against other currencies.
The Philippine government introduced new banknotes and coins to enhance the security features of the currency. In recent years, the Central Bank of the Philippines has continued to monitor the value of the Philippine Peso and make adjustments as necessary to maintain its stability.
Understanding Currency Conversion
Currency conversion in the Philippines can be a daunting task. Understanding how to properly exchange one currency for another is not always easy, and there are many important factors that need to be considered along the way.
Learning about the exchange rate between different currencies, as well as factors like transfer fees or what type of currency exchange service is being used can help you make the process much simpler. Taking time to research and understand the details of currency conversion in the Philippines is well worth it since it can lead to more economical transactions in the long run.
Definition of currency conversion
Currency conversion in the Philippines refers to the process of converting one currency into another. It involves determining the current exchange rate between two currencies and using that rate to calculate the equivalent amount in the target currency.
Currency conversion is a necessary step for individuals or businesses that need to exchange money between the Philippine Peso and other currencies, such as when traveling abroad or conducting international transactions.
Factors that influence currency conversion
One of the most important factors that influences currency conversion is the economic environment of each nation. Here are also some of the factors that influence currency conversion:
- Economic conditions: The overall economic performance of a country can greatly impact the value of its currency. Factors such as inflation, interest rates, and GDP growth can all play a role in determining the exchange rate.
- Political stability: Political events, such as elections or geopolitical tensions, can also have an impact on currency conversion rates. A stable political environment is often seen as positive for a country's economy, which can result in a stronger currency.
- Central Bank policy: The Central Bank of the Philippines is responsible for setting monetary policy, including interest rates and currency intervention. These actions can impact the value of the Philippine Peso, and therefore influence currency conversion rates.
- Supply and demand: The demand for a currency will impact its value in relation to other currencies. If there is a high demand for a currency, it will typically be worth more in relation to other currencies.
- International trade: The volume of international trade in a country can also impact the value of its currency. A strong trade position can help to support a currency's value.
- Market speculation: Speculation in the financial markets can also play a role in determining exchange rates. Large financial institutions and currency traders can influence exchange rates through their buying and selling activity.
Importance of understanding exchange rates
Being aware of exchange rates is critical in today's interconnected world. Knowing how much a given currency is worth compared to another can and will affect virtually all types of international transactions, such as imports and exports, investments, foreign operations, travel expenses and remittances.
Being savvy and keeping up with the ever-changing exchange rates means being able to make strategic decisions concerning business opportunities worldwide. By understanding the exchange rate between two countries, businesses are able to compare their assets to determine if it is cheaper and more beneficial for them to buy or sell goods in international markets.
Navigating the Philippine Peso
Making sound financial decisions can be difficult, especially when dealing with foreign currencies. Navigating the Philippine Peso for business or leisure can often feel overwhelming. However, with an understanding of the basics, and setting a few goals ahead of time, you can confidently manage your finances and get the most out of your experience.
Understanding the value of the Philippine Peso
When traveling to the Philippines, it is important to understand the value of the Philippine Peso. The Peso is the official currency of the Philippines and is subdivided into 100 centavos. Travelers should be aware of the exchange rate before exchanging their currency.
How to convert foreign currency to the Philippine Peso
Converting foreign currency to the Philippine Peso can be done in several ways, including using banks, currency exchange services, or online platforms.
- Banks: Many banks in the Philippines offer currency exchange services for customers. This can be a convenient option for those who already have an account with the bank, as it allows for quick and easy transactions. It is important to note that banks may charge fees or offer less favorable exchange rates compared to other options.
- Currency exchange services: Currency exchange services are specialized businesses that offer currency conversion services for a fee. They can be found in major cities and tourist destinations. These services typically offer competitive exchange rates and are a good option for those who need to convert large amounts of currency.
- Online platforms: Online platforms, such as PayPal or TransferWise, allow for the conversion of foreign currency to Philippine Peso without leaving the comfort of your home. These platforms often offer competitive exchange rates, but it is important to read reviews and compare fees before making a transaction.
Tips for currency conversion
Managing international finances may seem daunting, but currency conversion doesn't have to be difficult. In order to ensure that you get the most value for your money, it's important to familiarize yourself with the basics of currency conversion, and to follow a few simple tips.
Best practices for converting currency
Taking into account current market rates, understanding applicable regulations and choosing the right technique for conversion are all important elements of undertaking successful transactions involving multiple currencies.
Currency conversion should not be taken lightly – careful planning can maximize returns and minimize losses, whether the focus is on profit or hedging financial risk. Time spent understanding the dynamics of exchange rate markets, investments and currencies will always pay off in future transactions.
Avoiding scams and overcharging
Navigating the current digital world presents a unique challenge. The prevalence of scams and overcharging not only make it difficult to trust companies, but also can force unanticipated financial losses along with emotional strain. As frustrating as this may be, there are preventative steps you can take to avoid being taken advantage of in the marketplace.
Through proper research, a good understanding of what services are offered, and preemptive fact-checking, consumers can arm themselves against any potential skullduggery they may encounter. Taking these protective initiatives will ultimately protect your wallet as well as your peace of mind.
Finding the best exchange rates
With so many options available, it can be difficult deciding how and where to get the most cash out of changing money. To help make the process easier, research is essential. By taking time evaluate different options and understanding the factors that affect exchange rates, finding the best rate possible will save you valuable time and money in the long run.
Common questions about currency conversion in the Philippines
Currency conversion in the Philippines is an important topic to consider when


text:
Although all children are at possible risk of being sexually abused, the social exclusion of children with disabilities together with their increased dependency makes them especially vulnerable.
A common misconception is that individuals with disabilities are asexual and are not at risk for sexual abuse and cannot benefit from abuse prevention education. Also in an effort to "protect" the child, many children with disabilities have never received correct information or education about abuse prevention, sexuality and self-protection or personal safety strategies or been provided education on ways to develop and maintain healthy, respectful and supportive relationships.
Furthermore many individuals with disabilities are taught in school, through caregivers and family members to do as they are told, to comply with requests of others, and to control difficult behaviors. They are not taught about boundaries, assertiveness, or the right to say no – especially to authority figures – to painful or other unwanted touches. Compliance training can make the individual vulnerable to abuse or exploitation.
Children with disabilities deserve the right to personal safety as well as to learn strategies to protect themselves, education and training efforts that include sexuality awareness, violence and abuse prevention and assertiveness training help to prevent abuse.
Tulir - Centre for the Prevention and Healing of Child Sexual Abuse and Vidya Sagar - an organization working with disability, invites you to the launch of the Braille version of an awareness flier on personal safety - " Smart Ways To Keep Myself Safe"
Mrs Kannegi Packianthan, IAS, Secretary, Welfare of Differently Abled Persons, Govt. of Tamil Nadu, will preside
Date: 16th November 2011
Time: 4.00 pm – 5.00pm
Venue: Thomas Rajan Auditorium, Vidya Sagar
No:1, Ranjith Road


3 parameters: a function representing class constructor (or null for an empty one) an object exposing instance properties (note that EcmaScript 5 allows definition of both get and set function associated to a property) and an optional object exposing static methods.
How can we use the MultiLogger class? exactly as if it was a.NET class:
var multiLogger1 = new MyLibrary.MultiLogger(42);
// = 22; //We can't since id is read onlt...
var id =; //returns 42
multiLogger1.text = "Text to log";
var multiLogger2 = new MyLibrary.MultiLogger(43);
multiLogger2.text = "more text...";
very nice isn't it? :-)
author: Corrado Cavalli | posted @ mercoledì 21 marzo 2012 13.55 | Feedback (8)
Available memory and Background agents in Windows Phone 7
When you create a background agent for Windows Phone 7 there are a couple of important details you must be aware of:
 1. The total scheduled time for the agent to execute is 25 seconds, if you exceed it the agent will be killed by the scheduler.
 2. The max amount of memory available is 6 MB, if the agent allocates more the agent will be, again, killed.
 3. With Visual Studio debugger attached these limits are disabled.
An agent is killed silently and after two killing operations the scheduler will automatically disable it and your user probably will start wondering why your wonderful tile doesn't work as expected.
The common problem I face when dealing with agents is that 6 MB of memory are a very strict constraint especially when you realize that the agent alone consumes more than 3 MB (in real cases I got more than 5 MB allocated at startup)
So what can you do do live in a such restrict space? along with optimizations (in some cases I ended up duplicating code in order to avoid to load some dependencies) my suggestion is: never trust the debugger, with it attached the allocated memory increases so you might end up with wrong measurements.
What I normally do is to write inside application tile what is the real amount of occupied memory so that I can quickly estimate how long I can go.
Code is really straightforward:
public class ScheduledAgent : ScheduledTaskAgent
protected override void OnInvoke(ScheduledTask task)
ShellTile tile = ShellTile.ActiveTiles.FirstOrDefault();
if (tile!= null)
var current = DeviceStatus.ApplicationCurrentMemoryUsage;
ShellTileData data = new StandardTileData
Title = "Occ:" + current.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
And here are the differences between debug and standalone mode:
image debugger attached
Compared to overall 6MB, an important difference…
author: Corrado Cavalli | posted @ giovedì 15 marzo 2012 19.24 | Feedback (2)
Win+X is your friend in Windows 8
As advanced user I often need to reach areas like Control Panel, Event Viewer or the good old friend Command Prompt and you might imagine how happy I was to discover that using Win+X you have access to a "developer menu" in lower left corner that give you access to OS' hardcore areas Smile
You can also show the menu by pointing the mouse in lower left corner, wait for Start menu to appear then right clicking on it (but Win+X is a lot more faster…)
BTW: I took the shot using Win+PrintScreen that now automatically saves the screenshot under User's MyPicture
Technorati Tags:
author: Corrado Cavalli | posted @ martedì 6 marzo 2012 10.15 | Feedback (8)


text:
- 1 kilolitre = 6.2898 barrels
- 1 cubic metre = 1 kilolitre = 35.315 cubic feet
- throughout the text one thousand million (109) is referred to as one billion, and one million million (1012) as one trillion
- 1 barrel = 0.159 kilolitres
- 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 cubic metres
- 1 PJ = 887.41 million cubic feet*
- 1 PJ of sales gas = 171.977 thousand barrels of oil equivalent*
- 1 tonne of LPG = 8.458 barrels of oil equivalent*.
* the values are approximate because the quality of any fuel varies with time, location, temperature, composition, etc.
Topic contact: _EMAIL_ Last updated: May 31, 2012


text:
Treatment of Colorectal Cancer with Natural Anal Passage-based Fast Track Surgery
Department of Oncology Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27 Wenhua Road, Lubei District, Tangshan City, 063000, Hebei Province, China
Department of Oncology Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27 Wenhua Road, Lubei District, Tangshan City, 063000, Hebei Province, China, E-mail: _EMAIL_
In this study, 200 patients with colorectal cancer surgery from January 2013 to June 2018 were recruited and divided into the rapid rehabilitation treatment group and the control group. Basic information was collected and albumin expression level is analysed. In addition, the pain grading method was used to grade the postoperative conditions to observe the treatment effect of the rapid rehabilitation treatment group and control group. The results showed that there is no statistical difference between the two groups in the basic situation and previous history of the two groups. In the analysis of albumin expression level, significant statistical differences were found between the two groups and at different time points. And in the analysis of postoperative pain levels of patients in the two groups, it was found that the proportion of taking painkillers in the rapid rehabilitation treatment group is significantly lower, and with the increase of postoperative time, the final pain levels of patients in the two groups show a statistical difference (p<0.05). Therefore, it is found that rapid rehabilitation is indeed better than the traditional perioperative treatment in this study. Although there are some deficiencies in the experimental process, it still provides a new experimental reference basis for the treatment of colorectal cancer in the future.


text:
Why is my baby's first four teeth green in colour?
Q: My baby's first four teeth are green in colour? Some people says that it might be as a result of night feeding, is this true? Please help. She is eleven months old and was admitted to a hospital as soon as she was born because she contacted hospital infection at UCH and later her PCV went down. She was transfused before she was discharged.
A:Green teeth could be because of the infection and medicines at time of birth. It is important to see a Dentist so that he check if it this or it cavities. If they are cavities then fillings would be needed.


text:
Scripture: Luke 14:7-35
- Students will review the banquet parables.
- Students will learn how to write an invitation.
- Students will learn how to write a schedule for a party.
- How do we write an invitation for an event?
- What types of people should we invite to an event if we are to live by Christ's example?
- How do we plan a schedule for an event while keeping in mind the needs of our guests?
Materials: letter paper, decorated paper, envelopes, addresses, pens
Procedure: Review the parable of the banquet by focusing on the master's invitation to the poor. Ask students for suggestions of events that would require invitations. Have different types of invitations for students to look at: birthday party, wedding shower, save the dates, graduation party, etc. Discuss the main aspects. Discuss how an invitation is different than writing a letter because it is very basic and not written with long sentences.
Parts of an invitation:
2. Type of Event
4. Place/ address
5. Brief instructions (Do guests need to bring anything?)
6. RSVP infowhen to RSVP, to whom, how (phone, in-person, email, etc.)
Then have students write a guest list. Have students consider students in their school who are not necessarily in their peer group. (Note: Do not necessarily tell students to list names of "outcasts" or "poor" students as this could lead to gossip or embarrassment. Instead encourage the mindset to reach out to others even if they do not know them as well. Many students will grasp the concept.)
Next, practice writing an address on an envelope. Demonstrate where the name, street, and state/country/zip code are written. Explain the difference between where the sender's address and where the recipient's address is written. If students know their own addresses, they can practice writing it on their envelope.
Finally, have students plan a schedule for their event. Discuss how the types of people that they are planning the event for changes what they need to plan. Plan an imaginary event as a group. Decide on a guest list (peers, parents, or younger children etc.). Then determine the time of day and date. How does the time of day effect if/what types of food to provide. Should there be snacks, desserts, or a meal? Encourage students to consider guests' special diets or food allergies so that they can plan accordingly and not leave anyone out. What are some games/activities to prepare for?
Write a schedule with the estimated time written beside each activity. Are there any special physical needs of the guests that might make some activities easier/more challenging? For instance, are the games on the proper ability level for younger kids? Is there anyone with physical disabilities that should be taken into consideration?
Students can work on this as a class with teacher leadership or in small groups of 2-5 students.
- What are some special needs that guests might have that you can plan for so that they are more comfortable?
- Think about events that you have been to in the past. What made them memorable/enjoyable?
- Often times it is more fun to spend time with someone who truly wants to be your friend, than with someone who is rich/popular but doesn't care. Why do you think that is often the case?
- Challenge students to invite a peer to sit with them at lunch or come to an event with them. Encourage them to choose someone who is often overlooked. Then have them journal about their experience and share with the group.
- Students can make their own stationary using blank paper and colored pencils and stickers.


text:
Compound (stacked) Taxes are special taxes calculated after and on top of a primary tax.
For example, you can have a Compound Tax @ 7% charged on the selling price of $10 + Sales Tax @ 5%
1. To set up a Compound (Stacked) Tax:
- Go to Settings>Taxes
- Click on the New tax button to create a new tax.
2. In the General section, set the tax Name in the name field - the name will be shown to your customers in the price breakdown, before any payment is required to proceed with the booking
3. Tick the Enabled checkbox to enable the tax.
4. Tick the Compound tax checkbox
5. In the Tax Rate section, select Percentage from the scroll down menu, and input the per cent rate. If your Compound Tax is @ 5%, input 5%.
6. Set Compound Tax exemption (by location)
In the Apply to section, you can set a Compound Tax exemption for customers depending on their location. Some Compound Taxes may only apply to customers from your country, from your state and so on. If your Compound Tax applies to all your customers, leave everyone.
7. Set Compound Tax as included/not included in item price. In the Prices section, select if the prices listed:
- include or
- do not include this tax
8. Set when the Compound Tax should/should not be applied
You can set that the Sales Tax will ONLY be applied by Bookeo if the booking is created during a specific period of time and/or if the time booked is between a specific period of time.
This feature is useful, for example, when a tax is replaced by a new tax.
Simply click on the New period button to create a time when the tax should or should not be applied.
In Bookeo, you can set what taxes apply to every single service, class, tour you offer and to every single additional option. You can also set what taxes apply to your prepaid packages and memberships.


text: This work efficiently detects uric acid (UA) in a human blood sample using cobalt nanoparticle-immobilized mixed-valent molybdenum sulfide on the copper substrate in a point-of-care (PoC) device. The sensor electrode was fabricated by micromachining of Cu clad boards employing an engraver to generate a three-electrode system consisting of working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE), and counter electrode (CE). The WE was subjected to physical vapor deposition of mixed-valent MoSx layers by a reaction between Mo(CO)6 and H2S at ∼200 °C using a simple setup following which CoNPs were electrochemically deposited. The RE and CE were covered with Ag/AgCl and Ag paste, respectively. A plasma separation membrane acted as the medium of UA/blood serum delivery to the electrodes. The material and electrochemical characterization confirmed that CoNPs over MoSx provided an enlarged electroactive surface for the direct electron transfer to achieve an enhanced electrocatalytic response. The binary combination of CoNPs and MoSx layers over the Cu electrode reduced the charge-transfer resistance by two times, enhanced the surface adsorption by more than two times, and yielded a high diffusion coefficient of 3.46 × 10–3 cm2/s. These interfacial effects facilitated the UA oxidation, leading to unprecedented mA range current density for UA sensing for the PoC device. The electrochemical detection tests in the PoC device revealed a sensitivity of 64.7 μA/μM cm–2, which is ∼50 times higher compared to the latest reported value (1.23 μA/μM cm–2), a high limit of detection of 5 nM, and shelf life of 6 months, confirming the synergistic effect-mediated high sensitivity under PoC settings. Interference tests confirmed no intervention of similar analytes. Tests on blood samples demonstrated a recovery percentage close to 100% in human serum UA, signifying the suitability of the nanocomposite-based sensor and the PoC device for clinical sensing applications.


text:
It's Spider!
Ancient spider revealed in 3-D
Scientists used digital wizardry to scan bug through its amber grave. The male spider is about the size of a pinhead (or a stack of three salt grains) and lived during the early Eocene epoch, from about 55 million to nearly 34 million years ago.
King Tut is only 3300 years old.


text:
After using Ubuntu now for a while I am searching for a macro program like AutoHotkey. I found nothing on the net, so maybe you can help me out.
I used AutoHotkey for the following tasks / search for a macro program which can do the following:
- text replacement: I type br# and it gets replaced with best regards, Alex
- url opening: I mark a word and press a shortcut which opens my webbrowser with a specified URL like _URL_.org?search=%s where %s is the marked word.
- hotkey for direct access to folder: I press for example +1 and nautilus opens with eg. /media/backup/
- hotkey few folder: I press eg + and a new folder is created and highlighted for renaming (or a dialog is presented where I only have to type in the name)
- paste as plain text: Strip all special markups in a text (like copied from firefox) and paste it.
- get pixel color: Press a hotkey to copy the pixel-colour under the mouse pointer to the clipboard or display it.
Do you know such a program which can perform all or a part of these actions? Let me know!
Lifehacker has a nice article: Feature: Automate Repetitive Typing with Snippits. Snippits does not support all the wanted features, but helps a lot.


text:
By John Butters, The JOURNAL
One never knows what will turn up in a time capsule.
Pastor Colton Clay of Grace Community Church met with his congregation on a Sunday afternoon in November to find out what was in a 25-year time capsule buried beneath a cover stone near the church foundation.
What did they find? Well, a treasure trove of letters.
?Mostly greetings and good wishes for the future,? said Clay.
Many of the letters found were written by parents to their children, but some were addressed to the entire congregation. The parents? letters were delivered unopened to as many of the adult children as the church could locate.
Clay says there are still some unclaimed letters. Those individuals whose parents attended the church in the years previous to the interment of the capsule can contact the church to find out if a letter was left for them.
Other items placed in a small plastic cooler were a church directory, a church mug, a copy of The Washington Evening Journal, a cassete tape and a VHS tape of the church?s 100 year anniversary celebrated in 1992. While there were few articles of interest, the congregation enjoyed hearing from their friends and neighbors from 25 years ago.
The Grace Community Church building has a long history in Washington. It began its service as a Methodist Church, then served a Disciples of Christ congregtion. Approximately 10 years ago, the church chose to become nondenominational, but retained its First Christian Church name.
Clay said the new name, Grace Community, is more in keeping with its unaffiliated position. Clay has served the church as pastor for nine years.


Succubi (Lavarocks)
From SuccuWiki - The Wiki of the Succubi
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Succubus (Lavarocks)
Founded Post destruction of Demons
Founder Unclear
Current leader Unorganized
Capital None
Home world Atlas
Base of operations Llyr Nation
Appearance Lavarocks
Physical Aspects Generally human with some demonic features though this varies
Succubi in the Lavarocks story universe are beings created when the race known as the Vessi arrived on the planet Atlas where this story universe is set. The Vessi caused Succubi to come into existence through the interbreeding of Humans and Demons.
The Succubi are one of the 5 races of civilized people in Atlas. Although they are half Demon they claim the Llyr Nation as their official affiliation. Their bodies although more Human like in appearance, are coated with delicate Demon skin making them extremely weak Defensively. However their well bred bodies allow them a great deal of agility to dodge and return blows in a fight as well as bend Fire in a Job Class known as Pyromancing.
The history of the Succubi is relatively short as they are a relatively new race, half human and half demon. This hybrid species was created shortly after the arrival of the Vessi. When the futuristic visitors informed the nations of Atlas the Humans would conquer all other life on the planet it sent shock waves through the world. The humans quickly became arrogant and pompous, and the Drows focused all of their attention on their study of the Vessi to prevent their seemingly inevitable demise. However the news hit no other Nation quite as hard as the Demons. After all what is the point in living if eventually society as the Demons knew it would fall?
Within days the Demon nation was destroyed, not by the Humans or any other nation but by themselves. Chaos and anarchy replaced democracy and civility, as the demons destroyed their own cities in fiery riots that lasted for months. Unfortunately it wasn't until every Demon city in Atlas was destroyed that the surviving Demons realized they had made their own self-fulfilling prophecy.
The surviving Demons were scattered across Atlas. While most took shelter in the darkest corners of the world some looked for another alternative. If humans were to be the inheritors of the earth than a cross breeding between their species would at least ensure some minute part of the demons would be saved from extinction. With this goal in mind Demons fled to every city and port in the Llyr Nation with scaly claws full of gold. The humans arrogantly and unwittingly obliged to take on the refugees, their eyes too glazed with the shiny glint of gold to see the seeds as they were sewn. After several generations the original pure blood Demons died and were replaced with their Succubi children.
The Succubi were the next generation of socially accepted Demons. They appeared Human enough to be allowed in their cities and with it gained the protection of the Llyr Nation. Unfortunately, the Demons were never truly accepted by their Human mother's and fathers and most were orphaned. Since the History of the Demons was destroyed and the remaining Demons scattered around the globe the Succubi were left to scrape out an existence as pseudo lower class humans.
Although there are enough Succubi to form their own Nation the Succubi are hardly ever organized. The only real unifier amongst the all Succubi is their long held craft of Pyromancing. Combining the Human art of dancing and their Demon resistance to fire, they have single-handedly created a job class accepted by every Nation in Atlas.
The Succubi are known world round for their Lusty appearance to Humans, Males are naturally more muscular and leaner than your average Human boys and Females generally have a larger bust and waste length than average human girls. This is suggested to be a mechanism they gained over time to attract Humans with which they mate. A Succubi's height is not limited, although females are considerably shorter than their male counterparts. Succubi are also known to have short vestigial bat wings and forked tail, which can be coaxed with the right potions to grow large enough to be used in flight. From their Demon blood Succubi's are blessed with two horns situated on either side of their scull, but these are merely ornamental and many Succubi choose to remove them.
In terms of clothing the Succubi have been notoriously picky about what fabrics touch their skin. Generally wear for this species is light and silky, usually in the form of draped clothes and flowing gowns. It is also common for Succubi to show more skin than most creatures in Atlas, as many prefer not to wear armor.
Having no real home, the Succubi rarely gather and are usually seen mixed in among Humans.
External Links


Restricting the crawler to a specific application
You can add an optional "Use strict URL prefix" parameter to your Link Crawler plan to restrict the URLs that it visits. With this parameter set to "true", mabl will only crawl pages with a URL prefix that matches the base URL for your application.
To illustrate, if you have an application with a base URL of _URL_, the crawler will visit any linked pages that include example.com as the base domain, including _URL_ and docs.example.com. With this parameter enabled, mabl would only crawl pages that begin with _URL_. We could further restrict the pages that mabl visits by including sub-pages in the URL for the plan. Thus, if the plan was set to test _URL_ and this parameter was set to true, mabl would only visit linked pages that begin with _URL_
Note: More information on the default behavior of the crawler is available here (_URL_
Restricting the crawler to a specific URL prefix
 1. Open the plan that includes the "Visit all linked pages within the app..." test.
 2. Examine the page for the "Edit" button.
 3. Click "Edit"
 1. Scroll down to the "Tests" section.
 2. Next to the "Visit all linked pages..." test, click "Configure data-driven variables"
 1. Click Add Parameter and (if applicable) choose "mabl parameter" as the Parameter Type
 1. Choose "use strict URL prefix" as the Parameter Name
 2. Choose "true" as the Parameter Value
 3. Click Done and save the Plan
Updated about a year ago
Restricting the crawler to a specific application
Suggested Edits are limited on API Reference Pages
You can only suggest edits to Markdown body content, but not to the API spec.