Value and use value for the value being set.
Note: in the examples below, we use propertyType to specify the type of the fieldValue. This is needed because it is possible to capture the type automatically for the getter. Use nullablePropertyType to specify a nullable type.
val mock = spyk(MockCls(), recordPrivateCalls = true)
every { mock.property } answers { fieldValue + 6 }
every { mock.property = any() } propertyType Int::class answers { fieldValue += value }
every { mock getProperty "property" } propertyType Int::class answers { fieldValue + 6 }
every { mock setProperty "property" value any<Int>() } propertyType Int::class answers { fieldValue += value }
every {
 mock.property = any()
} propertyType Int::class answers {
 fieldValue = value + 1
} andThen {
 fieldValue = value - 1
}
Multiple interfaces
Adding additional behaviours via interfaces and stubbing them:
val spy = spyk(System.out, moreInterfaces = *arrayOf(Runnable::class))
spy.println(555)
every {
 (spy as Runnable).run()
} answers {
 (self as PrintStream).println("Run! Run! Run!")
}
val thread = Thread(spy as Runnable)
thread.start()
thread.join()
Mocking Nothing
Nothing special here. If you have a function returning Nothing:
fun quit(status: Int): Nothing {
 exitProcess(status)
}
Then you can for example throw an exception as behaviour:
every { quit(1) } throws Exception("this is a test")
Clearing vs Unmocking
Matcher extensibility
A very simple way to create new matchers is by attaching a function to MockKMatcherScope or MockKVerificationScope and using the match function:
 fun MockKMatcherScope.seqEq(seq: Sequence<String>) = match<Sequence<String>> {
 it.toList() == seq.toList()
 }
It's also possible to create more advanced matchers by implementing the Matcher interface.
Custom matchers
Example of a custom matcher that compares list without order:
@Test
fun test() {
 class MockCls {
 fun op(a: List<Int>) = a.reversed()
 }
 val mock = mockk<MockCls>()
 every { mock.op(any()) } returns listOf(5, 6, 9)
 println(mock.op(listOf(1, 2, 3)))
 verify { mock.op(matchListWithoutOrder(3, 2, 1)) }
}
data class ListWithoutOrderMatcher<T>(
 val expectedList: List<T>,
 val refEq: Boolean
) : Matcher<List<T>> {
 val map = buildCountsMap(expectedList, refEq)
 override fun match(arg: List<T>?): Boolean {
 if (arg == null) return false
 return buildCountsMap(arg, refEq) == map
 }
 private fun buildCountsMap(list: List<T>, ref: Boolean): Map<Any?, Int> {
 val map = mutableMapOf<Any?, Int>()
 for (item in list) {
 val key = when {
 item == null -> nullKey
 refEq -> InternalPlatform.ref(item)
 else -> item
 }
 map.compute(key, { _, value -> (value ?: 0) + 1 })
 }
 return map
 }
 override fun toString() = "matchListWithoutOrder($expectedList)"
 @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
 override fun substitute(map: Map<Any, Any>): Matcher<List<T>> {
 return copy(expectedList = expectedList.map { map.getOrDefault(it as Any?, it) } as List<T>)
 }
 companion object {
 val nullKey = Any()
 }
}
inline fun <reified T : List<E>, E : Any> MockKMatcherScope.matchListWithoutOrder(
 vararg items: E,
 refEq: Boolean = true
): T = match(ListWithoutOrderMatcher(listOf(*items), refEq))
Settings file
To adjust parameters globally, there are a few settings you can specify in a resource file.
How to use:
 1. Create a io/mockk/settings.properties file in src/main/resources.
 2. Put any of the following options:
 relaxed=true|false
 relaxUnitFun=true|false
 recordPrivateCalls=true|false
 stackTracesOnVerify=true|false
 stackTracesAlignment=left|center

stackTracesAlignment determines whether to align the stack traces to the center (default), or to the left (more consistent with usual JVM stackTraces).
DSL tables
Here are a few tables to help you master the DSL.
Top level functions
Function Description
mockk<T>(...) builds a regular mock
spyk<T>() builds a spy using the default constructor
spyk(obj) builds a spy by copying from obj
slot creates a capturing slot
every starts a stubbing block
coEvery starts a stubbing block for coroutines
verify starts a verification block
coVerify starts a verification block for coroutines
verifyAll starts a verification block that should include all calls
coVerifyAll starts a verification block that should include all calls for coroutines
verifyOrder starts a verification block that checks the order
coVerifyOrder starts a verification block that checks the order for coroutines
verifySequence starts a verification block that checks whether all calls were made in a specified sequence
coVerifySequence starts a verification block that checks whether all calls were made in a specified sequence for coroutines
excludeRecords exclude some calls from being recorded
confirmVerified confirms that all recorded calls were verified
clearMocks clears specified mocks
registerInstanceFactory allows you to redefine the way of instantiation for certain object
mockkClass builds a regular mock by passing the class as parameter
mockkObject turns an object into an object mock, or clears it if was already transformed
unmockkObject turns an object mock back into a regular object
mockkStatic makes a static mock out of a class, or clears it if it was already transformed
unmockkStatic turns a static mock back into a regular class
clearStaticMockk clears a static mock
mockkConstructor makes a constructor mock out of a class, or clears it if it was already transformed
unmockkConstructor turns a constructor mock back into a regular class
clearConstructorMockk clears the constructor mock
unmockkAll unmocks object, static and constructor mocks
clearAllMocks clears regular, object, static and constructor mocks
Matchers
By default, simple arguments are matched using eq()
Matcher Description
any() matches any argument
allAny() special matcher that uses any() instead of eq() for matchers that are provided as simple arguments
isNull() checks if the value is null
isNull(inverse=true) checks if the value is not null
ofType(type) checks if the value belongs to the type
match { it.startsWith("string") } matches via the passed predicate
coMatch { it.startsWith("string") } matches via the passed coroutine predicate
matchNullable { it?.startsWith("string") } matches nullable value via the passed predicate
coMatchNullable { it?.startsWith("string") } matches nullable value via the passed coroutine predicate
eq(value) matches if the value is equal to the provided value via the deepEquals function
eq(value, inverse=true) matches if the value is not equal to the provided value via the deepEquals function
neq(value) matches if the value is not equal to the provided value via the deepEquals function
refEq(value) matches if the value is equal to the provided value via reference comparison
refEq(value, inverse=true) matches if the value is not equal to the provided value via reference comparison
nrefEq(value) matches if the value is not equal to the provided value via reference comparison
cmpEq(value) matches if the value is equal to the provided value via the compareTo function
less(value) matches if the value is less than the provided value via the compareTo function
more(value) matches if the value is more than the provided value via the compareTo function
less(value, andEquals=true) matches if the value is less than or equal to the provided value via the compareTo function
more(value, andEquals=true) matches if the value is more than or equal to the provided value via the compareTo function
range(from, to, fromInclusive=true, toInclusive=true) matches if


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Futhark Runes - Interpretation & Meaning: Uruz
Futhark Rune - Uruz
Uruz: Aurochs (wild oxen)
Keywords: Energy, vitality, instinct, wildness, sexuality, fertility, rite of passage, irrationality, shamanism.
Meanings: Following the mundane, day to day survival represented by fehu, it is the first recognition by mankind of the divine in nature. Uruz is the rune of the God of the sacred hunt and his shaman. The energy of this rune is raw and powerful and is pure, elemental fire. This is a rune of passage, from boyhood to manhood through being given a glimpse of the mysteries of nature.
Buy Handcrafted Futhark Runes


text: The Islands paintings are abstractions of found shapes. Changing environmental conditions cause asphalt to form hills and valleys. Depressions in the tarmac catch rainwater and form puddles. If it's cloudy or sunny, the color of these shapes and the surrounding asphalt changes. This series reveals the tension between figure and ground caused by changing natural light. The stenciled glossy shapes outline rainwater's topography on contrasting matte backgrounds.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
To go wrong, to become overly excited or deranged.
Hay-wire is the light wire that was used in baling machines to tie up bales of hay. At the turn of the 20th century the expression 'a haywire outfit' began to be used in the USA. This was used to describe companies that patched-up faulty machinery using such wire, rather than making proper long-term fixes. In 1905, The US Forestry Bureau Bulletin described a 'Hay wire outfit' as 'a contemptuous term for loggers with poor logging equipment'.
By 1920, the use of haywire to mean 'awry' or 'out of control' was recorded in Dialect Notes, Volume 82:
"Hay wire. Gone wrong or no good. Slang."
This may be a reference back to 'hay-wire outfits' but is more likely to be a literal allusion to scrambled hay-wire - anyone who has handled coils of wire will be familiar with its determination to gather into an irretrievable tangle. To go haywire was recorded in the late 1920s; for example, in this piece about a basketball game from The Helena Independent, January 1928:
"...their anxiety to score let their passing game go haywire with many wild heaves finding marks in the bleachers."
See other phrases that were coined in the USA.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Under the general direction of the Grand Chief, the Circumpolar Relations Department has been established to monitor and address international and circumpolar issues that may affect the interests of Yukon First Nations peoples. The Circumpolar Relations office also hosts the permanent secretariat for the Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC) as well as managing the Northern Contaminants Program, the Northern Ecosystem Initiative (NEI) and climate change initiatives.
The Northern Contaminants Program was established in 1991 in response to concerns that contaminants were reaching the Canadian Arctic. During the first six years, research was focused on gathering the data required to determine the levels, geographic extent, and source of contaminants in the northern atmosphere, environment and its peoples. Monitoring in the Yukon has continued to show that our traditional foods are very safe to eat and highly nutritious. Today, the Circumpolar Relations unit continues to communicate results and monitor for new types of contaminants in the Yukon. For more information go to _URL_.
The Northern Ecosystem Initiative (NEI) is a partnership based national program of Environment Canada that supports action on shared priorities important to the conservation, protection and restoration of northern ecosystems and sustainability of northern communities. It has established four Partner-Issue Tables for four of the program priorities, climate change, contaminants, resource use and monitoring as well as an Advisory Committee for the fifth program priority, Capacity Building.
The Circumpolar Relations Unit took the comments given at the CYFN General Assembly in _PHONE_ and began work in the area of climate change. Specific work includes climate change impacts and adaptations as it relates to community health, human-environments and ecosystems, and the promotion of energy efficient technologies and the reduction green house gas emissions.
The Arctic Athabaskan Council continues to serve the CYFN as their Aboriginal representative organization for circumpolar and international affairs. The CYFN Circumpolar Relations' mandate is to ensure Yukon First Nations interests are effectively represented in the Arctic Council and other international environmental fora. For more information go to _URL_.
For more information please contact:


text:
Common commercial examples of concentrated solutions are hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Hand soap, soft drinks and liquid medicine are concentrated solutions commonly found in the household.Continue Reading
Concentrated solutions are best understood relative to dilute solutions. Solutions in general are mixtures in which one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another (the solvent). Medication, cleaning agents and beverages are all solutions. Dilute solutions have a relatively solute-to-solvent ratio. They contain more solvent than is present in an equal amount of concentrated solution. Tap water is an example of dilute solution. It contains scarce amounts of dissolved minerals.
Concentrated solutions, on the other hand, have a large amount of solute. Many of the products commonly used in homes are concentrated solutions. Batter, for example, has a high percentage of flour (the solute) dissolved in water (the solvent). Soft drinks have large amount of sugar dissolved in water. Dish soap, medicine, coffee and syrup are all concentrated solutions.
The terms "concentrated" and "dilute" are relative. To fully understand the composition of a solution, an individual needs to know the solubility of the solute in the solvent at a given temperature. For example, the solubility of NaCl in water is 6 moles per liter of solution. This is a concentrated solution. On the other hand, AgCl has a solubility in water of 0.00001 moles per liter of solution — making it a dilute solution.Learn more about Solutions & Mixtures

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Tudor, Kate Elizabeth*
Loughborough University, London, UK (_EMAIL_)
Spray, Christopher Mark
Loughborough University, London, UK (_EMAIL_)
Recent years have seen increased government funding into resilience-building programmes in schools. However, practitioners are unable to assess the efficacy of interventions due to the lack of an available measure of academic resilience. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the methods investigators have employed to measure academic resilience. A computerised literature search was conducted to identify journal articles where academic resilience was either; a) inferred through assessment of risk and positive adaptation or b) assessed using a measurement scale comprising protective factors. Results demonstrated significant variability in the factors utilised to represent risk and positive adaptation, and an inconsistent use of measurement scales. Different approaches to measuring academic resilience across studies leads to inconsistencies when estimating prevalence of the concept and the impact of resilience-based interventions. A discussion of the psychometric rigor of approaches to assessment is provided, with specific recommendations for future development of a measurement of academic resilience.
Keywords: academic resilience; academic buoyancy; measurement; school-based; intervention; systematic review


text:
We designed an improved shunt valve for the treatment of hydrocephalus. With this new valve, the surgeon can independently control the opening pressure of the valve and the siphoning effects. In the chosen ball diaphragm valve design, a spring-loaded ball obstructs the flow until the proximal pressure rises above the pressure setting. Changes in the distal pressure act on a pressure sensitive surface to vary the opening pressure applied to the ball. A control equation mathematically describes the behavior of the valve and relates design parameters to the desired siphon control ratio and the principal pressure setting. The geometry and dimensions of the individual components were determined with the control equation and other mathematical analyses. This analysis demonstrated that our design is feasible and effective. Design and construction of a scaled-up, proof of concept prototype has been completed. Testing has been carried out to demonstrate that our design addresses the problems of adjustable siphon control and programmability in a single valve.
shunt valve, hydrocephalus, siphon control
Northeastern University, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Akins, Samuel; Bousquet, David; Bragg, Timothy; King, Mike; and Morin, Jake, "Programmable Anti-Siphon Shunt Project" (2007). Capstone Design Program: Mechanical Engineering. Paper 88. _URL_
Click button above to open, or right-click to save.COinS


text:
During Partitions of Poland, Zbaraz was a part of Austro-Hungarian Empire and there weren't good railway connections between Galician towns and those at Russian side, also because of different breadth of rails.
This way I believe your grandmother could use the railway connection between Tarnopol and Krakow, which was part of Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis. And from there she could take another train going through Kielce to Warsaw, as from what I know, that was the easiest way.
You can see the possible route on the linked map, which shows the state of connections in 1897. Here's its smaller version:
As for the next part, between Warsaw and Gdansk, this map of German railways in 1899 can provide some details:
The main differences that could change the possible way after 1899 were the development of Russian railways in the first decade of 20th century and the overall development and changes in railways during the World War I.
Still, take in mind that when the war finished, there were only a few rail connections between areas of Poland that were previously parts of different empires. So it was much easier to go by train from Polish town to another country than to another Polish town.
It's possible that she didn't take the train from Warsaw, as many Polish peasants who tried to emigrate were crossing the border illegally, paying the bribe, which was was much easier on smaller routes. With the help of Google you can translate this post from Polish genealogy board speaking about Polish emigration to USA in the end of 19th century, which covers this subject among others.
Of course it could look pretty different in the times of World War I.
Also are you sure about Gdansk? Because at the same article it's written that at the end of 19th century the main ports from which Poles were leaving to USA were Bremen, Antwerp and Hamburg.
EDIT: I've found the following map, showing ports from which emigrants from another Galician town, Świlcza, were coming to New York between 1897 and 1924. As we can see, there's also Gdansk on the list, even if the numbers show it was much less popular option.
More details at the linked website in Polish language.
You should also read another website, containing local press articles in which Galician citizens write about their road to USA. The first one (1902) was written by journalist who focuses on the ship itself, but the more interesting is the second relation (1903), describing how emigrants from Galicia were treated in Germany on their way in trains and in the ports.
And third press article, from 1890, describing relations from port in Bremmen, how Polish emigrants were treated. I suppose it would be similar in Gdansk.
And finally the book by Martin Pollack, "Ceasar of America", describing Galician emigration to USA before 1918. Originally it's in German, it was translated to Polish and it's possible that to English too.


text:
Acute Treatment Outcomes and Family Functioning of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa
Hetrick, Maryann O.
MetadataShow full item record
Recent studies have suggested that there is a relationship between treatment outcomes and baseline factors related to family functioning and specific eating disorder symptoms. However, these relationships have not been studied extensively within a pediatric population hospitalized for treatment. Therefore, it is unknown whether these relationships exist within an acutely ill population and whether these baseline characteristics improve significantly immediately following acute hospitalization. Given these limitations, the aims of the present study were to identify aspects of family functioning and eating cognitions and attitudes at admission that predict outcome at discharge, and evaluate what aspects of family functioning and eating cognitions and attitudes improve during an acute treatment period. The sample consisted of 41 patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified between the ages of 10 and 17 years. At admission, all patients were administered a structured clinical interview to obtain valid psychiatric diagnoses. Additionally, patients completed self-report measures of eating cognitions, eating attitudes, and family functioning; while parents completed a self-report measure of family functioning. Families also participated in a standardized clinician-rated observational measure of family functioning. All measures were re-administered at discharge, and the patient's body mass index (BMI) at admission and discharge were obtained from the medical record. The attrition rate from intake to discharge for this study was 26.8%. Overall, it appeared that parents and patients perceived their families to be healthy at intake, with little improvements noted over the course of treatment. However, standardized observations characterized these families as being affectively avoidant. Additionally, parental perception of adaptive family functioning at intake was predictive of outcome based upon the unit psychiatrist's assessment, and patient perception of healthy familial Expressiveness at intake was predictive of outcome based upon pathological eating attitudes. BMI and eating attitudes based upon eating behavior during treatment improved significantly over the course of treatment. However, patients continued to endorse unhealthy eating cognitions at discharge. These results suggest that weight restoration and pathological eating behavior are the first symptoms to improve during an aggressive treatment period, and psychological symptoms may require a longer period of treatment to remit.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Why is it that notes "start" with C? In key signatures, for example, C Major is the basis and accidentals are added for all other key signatures. I know that the musical alphabet starts with A and goes to G, so why is C the base note of standard notation and keys? Why isn't A the basis?
share|improve this question
Because Do is the first note, following by Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si, and Do is C – Lưu Vĩnh Phúc Sep 18 '14 at 8:06
1 Answer 1
up vote 20 down vote accepted
This was already partially answered here, and there's a pretty comprehensive explanation here.
Notes do not "start" with C; C major is just the easiest major key to notate in modern notation. The concept of a major key came about long after letters were assigned to the notes. Before there were major (and minor) keys, people used modes, usually just using the notes of the modern white keys and starting and ending in different places. The Ionian mode (which became modern major) was a late addition to the modes.
So it's historical accident that C major is treated as "basic."
share|improve this answer
In other words, it's not that "C" was given any prominence (directly) as the "base note" but rather the Ionian became the "base mode". The latter names themselves favour the Aeolian as the "base mode". – James Tauber May 20 '11 at 4:18
Your Answer


text: Abstract With the increasing use of ultra-hard abrasives and the introduction of more powerful and rigid machines, honing process is spreading its performances. In industrial honing of cylinder liners for internal combustion engines, the degree of penetration that Metallic Bonded Diamond (MBD) abrasive stones have experienced compared to conventional Vitrified Bonded Silicon Carbide (VBSC) tools is obvious. The long tool life of metal bonded diamond sticks is however balanced by its main role in producing torn and folded metal without cutting-effect finish. To simultaneously reduce folding and remove the stock with improved stone life, an experimental investigation is reported on the process variability in finish honing behavior due to stone inconsistency and nature of its properties. We consider the achievable performances by finish honing of cast iron liners with a new abrasive stone. This superabrasive consists of micro-sized diamond abrasives which are bonded with vitrified bond (VBD). By selection of finer grit abrasive while honing with VBD tool, conditions could be created that gave a cutting-effect finish to the diamond honing and minimized the folding over.


Home > Applied Algorithms, Bit Manipulation, Sorting > Find the only element in an array which does not have a duplicate. (Only occurs once)
Find the only element in an array which does not have a duplicate. (Only occurs once)
While this question might seem eerily similar to the last one, it is vastly different. Here, you have an array in which every element has a duplicate except one element. For example,
2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 5, 4, 9, 1, 3
Here, 1 is your expected answer since it does not have a duplicate. So how would you go about tackling this question? I will point out three approaches :
1. Sort the array. It will take O(n lg n) time with a sorting method like Quick Sort (or one of the others we discussed previously). Once the array is sorted, you just need to move through the array once and compare every pair of consecutive elements. The first pair that isn't equal will be your answer. Sorting the earlier example, we get,
1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 9, 9
You can quickly find that 1 occurs only once by this kind of comparison.
2. Counting the number of times a number occurs by utilizing another array. But this can only be used when you have an fixed range within which the elements can be. Even if we have such a range given, this way takes O(n) of both time and space. Can we do better?
3. Yes, we can do better. The best method will take only time O(n) and utilizes bit manipulation. All you need to do is move through the array once and XOR each element. In the previous example, we would do,
2^2^3^4^5^9^5^4^9^1^3 (XOR sign – ^)
The result will be 1, i.e., your answer. Why? XOR has the property of setting bit as zero if the two bits being XORed are same. Also, it follows the commutative property. The above expression is equivalent to,
1^2^2^3^3^4^4^5^5^9^9
Hence, all duplicates will give a zero. And zero XORed with your no-duplicates-for-it number will give you the number itself. Tada! 🙂
Nice, eh?!
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 1. October 12, 2011 at 9:35 pm
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text:
Rope – la cuerda
To remember that rope is pronounced kwehr-dah (cuerda) in Spanish, use the following mnemonic:
The rope shows he must have climbed out the window. The question is, where has Dad gone?
Cuerda is feminine, so it's la cuerda. Imagine a lady swinging on a rope.


What Country Has The Largest Bust Sizes?
What Country Has The Largest Bust Sizes?
The Journal of Female Health Sciences recently published a fascinating study. They surveyed bust sizes worldwide to see which nationality had the largest. Their study concluded that women in the USA have the largest boobs in the world. Canada, Ireland, Poland, and England rounded out the Top 5. Women in Africa and Asia tended to have the smallest breast sizes.
What Country Has The Largest Bust Sizes?
Here's a graph that showcases their results:
What Country Has The Largest Breast Sizes?
How Will This Study Be Used?
You might be wondering why researchers were so interested in this topic. The reason might not be what you'd think. Knowledge of breast size variations among different countries is used by the clothing industry. They use these numbers to market and develop products with global applications. The data are also used by other industries, as well as cosmetic surgeons.
The Average American Bra Size
According to this article from Medical Daily, the average bra size in America is now a 34DD, compared to an average size of 34B only 20 years ago.
Why Has The Average Size Gone Up?
While the number of breast augmentations have gone up significantly in the last twenty years, they aren't enough to account for such a substantial rise in the average American breast size. There are several theories about the recent rise in bust sizes.
If you look at the numbers on the chart, you'll probably notice that the nations closer to the top are in North America and Europe, which, on the whole have higher incomes and better nutrition. These countries also tend to have taller people, and a higher average weight.
This is probably one of the most accurate theories about boob sizes.
Some people, like the author of this article from Green Prophet, attribute the change in breast size to nutrition, including the relatively recent addition of hormones to dairy and meat.
This might sound like some far-out conspiracy theory. However, countries like the USA and England do consume a lot of dairy. Asian countries consume almost no milk or cheese. There are many naturally occurring hormones in dairy that mimic estrogen. In many of these countries, girls are starting puberty at younger ages.
This doesn't mean that their theory is 100% valid, but it does raise some questions.
Proper Bra Fitting
Other sources, like this article from the Today Show, argue that women's breast sizes haven't gotten substantially bigger.
Instead, they say that women are only recently finding out their true bra sizes. Almost ten years ago, Oprah did an entire episode teaching women to find their actual bra sizes, and it turned out that many women who thought they were a B ended up being a D or larger.
It might not come as a surprise that America and Europe have the largest breast sizes. However, with new technology and GMOs, more countries are getting better nutrition. The question is: will they start to experience larger breast sizes, too? If theories about hormones in meat and dairy are correct, the numbers might not shift substantially. But, if it's more of a question about nutrition in general, it might.
In another 20 years, the list might become a little less top-heavy (no pun intended).


Quick Answer: How Do You Permanently Delete Files So They Cannot Be Recovered?
Where do things go when you delete them off your phone?
If you delete an item from your Android device without it being backed up, it will stay in your bin for 60 days.
If you see a photo or video in Google Photos that you think you deleted, it might be on a removable memory card.
To delete it, use your device's gallery app..
How do I permanently delete data from my phone?
Is anything ever really deleted from your phone?
The reality is that the file is not deleted and the data it contained still remains on the drive or storage card." … "The take-away is that even deleted data on your used phone can be recovered unless you completely overwrite it."
Can hackers retrieve deleted files?
Deleted files are at risk Cybercriminals and hackers can gain access to personal information stored in your computer even after you think you've deleted the files. This includes everything from financial documents to scanned images. If you think those files are gone because they've been deleted, think again.
How do I permanently delete photos from my phone?
To permanently delete an item from your device:On your Android phone or tablet, open the Google Photos app.Sign in to your Google Account.Select the items you want to delete from your Android phone or tablet.In the top right, tap More Delete from device.
How do I delete a file that won't delete?
How to delete files that won't deleteMethod 1. Close apps.Method 2. Close Windows Explorer.Method 3. Reboot Windows.Method 4. Use Safe Mode.Method 5. Use a software deletion app.Aug 14, 2019
What happens to permanently deleted photos?
Where Do Deleted Photos Go on Android. … In that folder, you will find all the photos you have deleted within the last 30 days. If you want to recover recently deleted pictures, simply choose the photos, and tap the Restore button. While if the pictures are more than 30 days old, they will be permanently deleted.
Where do pictures go after you permanently delete them?
Instead, the image is sent to the Recently Deleted album in the Photos app where it remains for 30 days. During that time you can return a photo from the Recently Deleted album to your phone. You can also choose to delete it permanently.
Does emptying recycle bin permanently delete?
When you delete a file from your computer, it moves to the Windows Recycle Bin. You empty the Recycle Bin and the file is permanently erased from the hard drive. … Until the space is overwritten, it is possible to recover the deleted data by using a low-level disk editor or data-recovery software.
Where does the permanently deleted files go?
When you delete a file from your computer, it moves to the Windows Recycle Bin. You empty the Recycle Bin and the file is permanently erased from the hard drive. … Instead, the space on the disk that was occupied by the deleted data is "deallocated."
Can Factory reset data be recovered?
Factory Reset does NOT delete all data When you factory reset your Android phone, even though your phone system becomes factory new, but some of the old Personal information is not deleted. … But all the data is present in your phone memory and can be easily recovered using a free data-recovery tool such as FKT Imager.
Is anything ever really deleted from the Internet?
The problem with deleting information is that nothing is ever really gone from the internet. … You, and other users of that site, might not be able to see the deleted info, but it's still stored somewhere. And in some cases, that content doesn't really belong to you anymore.
Can police see deleted history?
So, can police recover deleted pictures, texts, and files from a phone? The answer is yes—by using special tools, they can find data that hasn't been overwritten yet. However, by using encryption methods, you can ensure your data is kept private, even after deletion.
Are deleted files gone forever?
As Andy O'Donnell of About reports, a deleted file isn't necessarily lost forever. … Windows users delete a file and send it to the Recycle Bin, which they'll empty later. Once the Recycle Bin is emptied, most users have lost any means of accessing or recovering those files. But, they may not be completely deleted.
How do you make a file unrecoverable?
Does factory reset remove all data?
When you do a factory reset on your Android device, it erases all the data on your device. It is similar to the concept of formatting a computer hard drive, which deletes all the pointers to your data, so the computer no longer knows where the data is stored.
How do I permanently delete deleted files on Android?
5 Best Ways to Permanently Delete Android DataDelete Items Using a File Manager. The worst way to delete a private file from your Android phone is from within the associated app. … Erase Data With a File Shredder. … Delete Android Files From Your PC. … Erase Sensitive Files From SD Cards. … Restore Your Phone to Factory Settings.Nov 8, 2020
How do I delete unwanted files?
Right-click your main hard drive (usually the C: drive) and select Properties. Click the Disk Cleanup button and you'll see a list of items that can be removed, including temporary files and more. For even more options, click Clean up system files. Tick the categories you want to remove, then click OK > Delete Files.
Where does recycle bin files go when deleted?
When you restore files deleted from the Recycle Bin, they will appear in their original location in the folder from which they were deleted. The "Original Location" column in the Recycle Bin shows this location.
The app that lets you permanently erase deleted files is called Secure Eraser, and it's available for free on the Google Play Store. To begin, search the app by name and get it installed, or head directly to the install page at the following link: Install Secure Eraser for free from the Google Play Store.
Can hackers access permanently deleted photos?
Two researchers have recently found a vulnerability that could let hackers access your images, even if you previously deleted them. Richard Zhu and Amat Cama of Fluoroacetate discovered the bug at a recent hacker contest. … Until then, the recently deleted images remain accessible to hackers.
Are deleted files really deleted?
When you a delete a file, it isn't really erased – it continues existing on your hard drive, even after you empty it from the Recycle Bin. This allows you (and other people) to recover files you've deleted.
Are emails ever permanently deleted?
Most email programs, such as Gmail, Yahoo or Outlook, simply move the deleted email to a trash folder that permanently erases the email only after a certain length of time. … In some folders, such as those marked as "Spam," emails will be erased forever the first time you choose to delete them.


Browse / Political Science
Double Eagle and Rising Sun 9780822307785
Double Eagle and Rising Sun
The Russians and Japanese at Portsmouth in 1905
ISBN-10: _PHONE_
ISBN-13: 9780822307785
PUBLISHER: Duke University Press
Also available at
Product Description: The Russo-Japanese War and the peace conference that followed it at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, marked a turning point affecting not only the history of participants but the future of East Asia and the world.The 1905 Portsmouth Conference, mediated by President Theodore Roosevelt, for which he received the Nobel Peace Prize, brought to an end a war in which Japan won spectacular victories on land and sea. Although the peace settlement fell far short of public expectations in Japan, she gained supremacy in Korea and a sphere of influence in South Manchuria as a consequence of the treaty. Nevertheless, the treaty reflected the military stalemate in Manchuria. Roosevelt wanted a balance of power to emerge from the war, and his hope was realized in the peace process.Raymond Esthus, drawing on the records of six nations, provides a detailed and panoramic account of the 1905 conference from the perspectives of both the Russians and the Japanese participants, depicting the powerful personalities of Roosevelt and the Russian Sergei Witte, as well as Tsar Nicholas II and the Foreign Minister Komura Jutaro. It is a story of verbal duels, tests of will, and moments of high personal courage. If there was no clear-cut victor at the conference, Roosevelt emerged as a worldwide hero of the cause of peace.
Additional Details
PAGES: 275
CATEGORY: Political Science
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Polarized Light Microscopy
Preparing specimens for observation and digital imaging in polarized light is a relatively simple task. The easiest and fastest method is melt-recrystallization of common organic chemicals that undergo a melting phase without subsequent decomposition. The illustration in Figure 1 shows a scientist holding a pair of beaker tongs that are gripping a microscope slide during a melt-recrystallization specimen preparation experiment.
The microscope slide in Figure 1 is being heated with a Bunsen burner adjusted to produce a relatively low temperature. After the chemicals on the slide have completely melted, the slide is carefully placed on a cool surface (the bench top) and allowed to sit until crystallites reform from the melted chemical. This can take anywhere from a couple of seconds to a several years, but most chemicals will recrystallize in a time frame of a few minutes to an hour or two. When preparing samples using the melt-recrystallization procedure there are several tips that will save quite a bit of time and increase the chances of making good samples.
To begin with, use only very small amounts of the chemical to be recrystallized when you prepare a microscope slide. In most instances, a few grains (couple of milligrams) will be sufficient to produce beautiful patterns in polarized light. Too much of the chemical will lead to very thick layers of crystals that absorb most of the microscope light, and lack the vivid color of thin crystalline preparations. To start, carefully sandwich a couple of grains of the chemical (pure chemicals work best) between a microscope slide and coverslip, and do this at one end of the slide instead of in the center. Grab the end of the slide lacking the coverslip/chemical sandwich with a pair of beaker tongs or insulated pliers and slowly heat on the Bunsen burner.
The grains of chemical will slowly start to melt when the temperature of the microscope slide approaches the melting point of the chemical. After the chemical has completely melted, quickly place the microscope slide down on a protected surface and use the tip of the beaker tongs or nose of the pliers to drag the coverslip from one end of the slide to the other. This produces a sheet of molten chemical across the surface of the microscope slide where the coverslip has passed. The chemical spreading action is done to produce flat sheets of crystals (Figure 2) that are formed on top of the slide but in areas that are not directly underneath the coverslip. We highly recommend this method for making samples for use with the QX3 microscope.
An alternative method for making samples with the melt-recrystallization technique is to press the coverslip on top of the melted chemicals without dragging it across the microscope slide. In this case, the pressure will flatten the melt, resulting in crystallites that are thinner and will have a better chance of displaying a wider spectrum of colors. Use this method for sample preparation when the specimens are to be imaged with a research-grade microscope that has objectives corrected for coverslip glass thickness and refractive index. Unfortunately, the QX3 microscope has no such correction, and specimens imaged through a cover glass tend to lose a significant amount of contrast. For this reason, we suggest making crystal preparations without a coverslip.
The laboratory chemicals found in high school and college chemistry stockrooms provide an excellent source of samples for recrystallization and imaging with polarized light. Most crystals are anisotropic and birefringent, which means they will cause interference between doubly refracted light rays passing through. Both constructive and destructive interference occurring at the microscope analyzer will cause the formation of beautiful patterns that can be captured as digital images by the QX3 microscope.
Many chemicals available at local drug stores and supermarkets can also be effective specimens under polarized illumination. These chemicals include vitamins, moth balls and crystals, aspirin and other painkillers, pharmaceuticals, darkroom chemicals, sugars, and some dairy products.
Occasionally, chemicals decompose upon heating and will be poor subjects for examination under the microscope. Salts are notoriously bad candidates for the melt-recrystallization process. The melting point of most salts is usually very high and any organic portion of the molecule undergoes degradation before melting, and this is often accompanied by rapid oxidation (burning) of the salt.
Another very effective method of preparing recrystallized chemicals for observation with polarized light microscopy is to allow soluble chemicals to slowly form crystallites while undergoing radical concentration increases during solvent evaporation. This method is especially useful when trying to prepare salts for examination under crossed polarized illumination.
To prepare samples using this method, first dissolve the chemical sample in a suitable solvent (illustrated in Figure 3) such as water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), acetone (fingernail polish), or mineral spirits. After the chemical has completely dissolved, place a drop onto a microscope slide (Figure 4), and then carefully form a sandwich by placing a coverslip over the solution. Often, chemicals can be made to dissolve much more quickly by applying some heat to the solvent, either through the use of a hot plate or stove.
The solution containing dissolved chemicals will flow underneath the coverslip and fill the entire volume between the coverslip and microscope slide. If too much solution is placed on the slide, then excess solution will gather at the edges of the coverslip. Alternatively, when the drop is too small, the entire volume between the microscope slide and coverslip will not be completely filled. When the solvent overruns the edges of the coverslip, large quantities of crystallites often form in areas that contain the excess solvent. These crystallites usually occur at the boundary between the coverslip edge and the glass slide, where they often form very beautiful crystalline aggregates.
After the sandwich of solution between the microscope slide and coverslip has been made, set the slide away for a day or two while the solvent slowly evaporates. These specimens are also ideal candidates for time-lapse cinemicrography using the QX3 microscope. Evaporation times will vary depending upon the vapor pressure of the solvent, with highly volatile solvents, such as acetone, evaporating very rapidly (30 minutes to an hour) and less volatile solvents (water) taking a few days to completely evaporate.
To record time-lapse sequences of crystallite formation due to evaporation, first prepare the specimen and then place it onto the microscope stage and configure the software for the proper time interval using the QX3 Time-Lapse feature. If the solvent is acetone or another volatile, set the interval time at 30 seconds to a minute. This setting should allow between 30 and 100 images to be captured for the time-lapse sequence. When a less volatile solvent is used, increase the time interval for image capture to anywhere from five minutes to an hour.
It is often difficult to find the correct microscope focus when starting the time-lapse sequence, because there are no crystals upon which to focus the microscope, and the field of view is very dark due to the presence of crossed polarizers. The best solution is to focus on the edge of the coverslip and then move the slide until the center of the coverslip is being imaged by the microscope. As the time-lapse sequence is recorded, crystals will spontaneously form at nucleation centers and they will grow with time as the solvent evaporates. These sequences can be very dramatic as they unfold.
A number of other types of birefringent specimens can also be imaged with the QX3 microscope under crossed polarizers. These include rock thin sections that are commercially available from Ward's. A variety of hairs, furs, natural and synthetic fibers, and mineral reference sets are also available on the Web from The McCrone Group. Bone thin sections display beautiful patterns when imaged in polarized light, and can be purchased from either Ward's or Carolina Biological Supply. There are no companies selling pre-prepared crystal slides (of which we are aware), but purified chemicals are available from many distributors directly through their websites. The companies mentioned above are also good sources of other supplies, such as microscope slides, solvents, and coverslips.
Questions or comments? Send us an email.
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Depending on the recipe, most baked goods require the use of eggs. Believe it or not, eggs serve a crucial role in many recipes, but cooking the perfect egg often proves to be a difficult task. This one simple ingredients has a series of characteristics, which can very depending on the method used to cook the eggs.
Factors that affect the cooking time of eggs:
Age of the eggs: There is a specific bonding between the inner membrane of the eggs and the egg whites. This bond can be specifically be seen in fresh eggs from a farm, which is why they are often difficult to boil/cook. These type of eggs can be best used for frying. On the other hand, this bond eventually breaks down overtime, making it easier to boil/cook eggs found at a supermarket.
Protein Bonding Temperature: Egg whites contain certain proteins, that can bond together. These bonds affect the appearance and structure of the egg, as these bonds can lead to the rubbery texture of the egg white that can sometimes be found in hard-boiled eggs. Between 30-140°F, the proteins of the egg whites expand. Above 140°F, the proteins will bond and after 155°F, the proteins will solidify. At around 180°F, the proteins will bond together, giving the opaque and firm characteristics of the egg white. Any temperature above 180°F may lead to the release of hydrogen sulfide, which is responsible for the smell of rotten eggs, as well as the dark green-grayish compound located between the egg white and yolk if overcooked.
Egg Yolk Temperature: The egg yolk is mainly composed of fatty acids, cholesterol, and some proteins. Because of this, different temperatures affects its performance. An egg cooked at any temperature below 145°F will have no affect on the yolk. Once reaching a temperature around 160°F, the yolk will become firm but it will still retain its bright color. Any temperature over 170°F will cause the yolk to turn a pale yellow, and it will have a crumbly consistency. This will result in its chalky texture and it will also release ferrous sulfide, which is also responsible for the smell of rotten eggs.
Altitude: Altitude also plays a key role in cooking an egg as altitude affects the boiling temperature of water. According to the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA), the boiling temperature at a point above 2,000 feet is around 208°F, lower than the ground level boiling temperature of 212°F. Due to this difference, it will take more time to properly cook an egg at higher levels than that of lower levels.
On the other hand, there are also many ways to prepare eggs, with each method having its own scientific background to it.
Science Behind Various Methods of Preparing Eggs:
Heating: When heating eggs, the egg-white proteins move around and collide with water molecules. Due to this, weak bonds may break, causing the egg white proteins to uncurl and collide with other proteins that have uncurled as well. This results in new chemical bonds, connecting different proteins to one another. The breaking of bonds and formation of new bonds allow for the egg white proteins to form a series of interconnected proteins. These bonds are responsible for the ability of the egg whites to develop a rubbery texture, which was previously discussed in the "Protein Bonding Temperature" paragraph located earlier in this post.
Beating/whipping: Beating or whipping eggs exposes air bubbles to egg whites. This exposure allows the unfolding of the egg proteins just as heating would unfold these proteins. Egg-white proteins consist of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids. In other words, some amino acids are attracted to water, while others are repelled by it. Prior to uncurling, the hydrophobic amino acids are located in the center away from the water, while the hydrophilic amino acids are located closer to the water. When the egg-white protein encounters an air bubble, part of the protein is exposed to both air and water. This causes the protein to uncurl so the hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids can be located in its desired respected area. This allows the amino acids to bond with each other, creating a series of bonds that hold the air bubbles in space. When heating the air bubbles, the gas inside them expands. Often, the area around the bubble solidifies, and the structure usually does not collapse when the bubbles burst. The protein that lines the outside of the air bubbles is known as lecithin. This is what prevents them from collapsing when baking. This allows for the consistency found in a soufflé or meringue. The more whipped the egg whites are, the more stiff they will become. On the other hand, unbeaten egg whites often allow the lecithin as a binder, which hold the cake together.
Here's an interesting fun fact: There is a myth stating that copper bowls are better for whipping eggs. There is some actual scientific support to this myth, proving that it is true. The copper ions from the bowl combine with conalbumin, one of the proteins found in eggs. This combination forms a bond that is stronger than the protein itself, making it less likely for the egg-white proteins to unfold. The copper could also react with sulfur-containing groups on other proteins found in eggs, making the egg proteins even more stable. If a copper bowl is not used, ingredients such as cream of tartar or vinegar can be used to produce a similar effect.
Mixing: Many recipes call for the mixing of oil-based and water-based liquids. However, these two are immiscible and do not interact with one another. Because of this, egg yolks are often used to create an emulsion. Egg yolks contain a number of emulsifiers, with some of them being hydrophobic and others being hydrophilic. Because of this, thoroughly mixing egg proteins with oil and water will allow part of the protein to attract the water and another part to attract the oil.
Just like egg-whites, egg yolks contain lecithin. The lecithin, which is a phospholipid, also acts as an emulsifier. Due to its structure (see figure below), it has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. The tail gets attracted to the oil, while the head gets attracted to the water.
These important characteristics of egg proteins play a crucial role in making foods such as mayonnaise, which require the mixing of water and oil.
On a side note, eggs can also be used as moisteners (instead of using water) and a good source of fat and amino acids. It can also be used as a glaze as a source of protein for the Maillard Reaction.
So next time you bake, don't forget to note the complex structure and characteristics of an egg…it is because of this that eggs are used in various methods of cooking. Not only does an egg serve for taste, but it also plays a vital role in the texture or appearance of certain kinds of food.
Author: Erica Rowane Bautista


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How to cite this study
Maples, J.N. and Bradley, M.J. 2017. Economic impact of non-commercial paddling and preliminary economic impact estimates of commercial paddling in the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests. Washington, DC: Outdoor Alliance.
This study conducts an economic impact analysis of paddling expenditures for both noncommercial and commercial paddlers on rivers in the Nantahala and Pisgah national forests in North Carolina. Results indicated that noncommercial paddler visitors spend an estimated $3.2 million annually across seven rivers.
This study is relevant to leaders interested in quantifying the economic impacts of paddlers on water trails. Results should be interpreted with caution as the survey is a convenience sample, meaning that results may not reflect the expenditures and preferences of a typical paddler. Additionally, commercial paddlers' expenditures were calculated by extrapolating from noncommercial paddlers' expenditures, which may lead to an inaccurate estimate of expenditures for commercial paddlers.
Additionally, the mean expenditures for several rivers should be interpreted with care due to low response rates. Finally, the authors do not consider the length of visit for paddlers and how they could affect the economic impact of mean expenditures per visit. However, on the survey, respondents indicated they spent an average of three nights per visit. This indicates an avenue for further research.
The study is located in the Nantahala and Pisgah national forests (NPNF), which cover more than one million acres in North Carolina.
For noncommercial economic impact, the study focuses on seven rivers within the NPNF in North Carolina: Nantahala (8 miles available for paddling), French Broad (8 miles), Nolichucky (8.5 miles), Cheoah (9 miles), Wilson Creek (2.5 miles), Big Laurel (3.5 miles), and North French Broad (8 miles). For commercial economic impact, the study focuses on three rivers: Nantahala, French Broad, and Nolichucky. All are water paddling trails.
The aim of this research is to estimate paddling noncommercial and commercial annual economic impact across rivers in the NPNF. The study was funded by Outdoor Alliance.
- Noncommercial paddler visitors to the NPNF spend an estimated $3.2 million annually across seven rivers.
- Noncommercial paddling tourism supports 35 full-time jobs and $827,000 in job income.
- Commercial paddler visitors may contribute $36 million annually across three rivers in the NPNF.
- Commercial paddling may support an estimated 446 full-time jobs and $10 million in job income. Commercial padding estimates should be interpreted with caution.
Data was collected through an online survey sent to individuals who paddled in the NPNF in 2017. The survey collected information on demographics and expenditures using Qualtrics. Because of these sampling methods, the results may not reflect the preferences of a typical paddler. The total sample was 105 local paddlers who lived in western North Carolina and 307 visitor paddlers who lived outside North Carolina. Using data from American Whitewater, the U.S. Forest Service, and local commercial paddling operations, the authors estimated 40,076 noncommercial paddlers across seven rivers and 199,155 commercial paddlers across three rivers. Expenditures were separated by visitors and residents in the analysis using IMPLAN.
Added to library on November 7, 2023


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Home > Volunteering > Special Projects
Periodically the parishioners of St Irene Parish embark on a very special project. Here are descriptions of some of their work.
Fresh Drinking Water
While completing his theological studies in Boston, Fr. Winiko served as a priest at St Irene's. His home village did not have a source of clean drinking water. St Irene's parishioners solved that problem.
Home is a village of about 500 people in Malawi. Chinyama Village, Thunga Area, Traditional Authority Bvumbwe, Malawi, Africa is about 20 miles east of Blantyre.This village of Chinyama obtained its water from two existing water sources.
One source, about half a mile away from the village, is a stream where people dug a pool to collect water. This is not protected and the pool normally dries up in the summer. It is also a source of contamination because people wash in the same stream, and put their feet in the water when collecting drinking water. Unfortunately, when the rainy season arrives, and this stream collects ground run-off water, the village sees an increase in water-related diseases.
The second source of drinking water is a borehole about 1 1/2 miles away from the village. This borehole supports three other villages. As a Thank You to Fr. Winiko for his contribution to our parish, St. Irene's parishioners provided his village with additional sources of clean drinking water.
Read the details
While completing his theological studies in Boston, Father Romain Rurangirwa served as a priest at St Irene's. When his home seminary needed help in switching from an ever dwindling supply of nearby wood, St Irene's parishioners provided a much needed solution to the Virgo Fidelis Seminary in Rwanda. Parishioners of St. Irene's generously contributed over $30,000 to fund this important project which will provide an environmentally sustainable source of fuel for the seminary and the surrounding village.
Read the details


Neurocam Scans Your Brain, Records Your Interests
The headset also includes EEG sensors that scan the brain for correlative spikes in interest. The Neurocam iPhone app assigns the EEG data a value from one to 100. When the data hits 60, interest is detected, which cues the phone's camera to start recording. Footage is recorded as five-second GIFs, which are then stored in an album so users can remember what exactly struck their interest.
While most of us can easily remember that pair of boots or motorcycle that made us linger, advertisers would love to tap that vein of consciousness. Which is why advertising titan Dentsu is backing the Neurocam via a joint venture called Dentsu ScienceJam.
"Because this system is hands-free, we think it could capture a life log, which would be different from deliberately pressing a shutter to capture things you like," ScienceJam's Kana Nakano said in this video.
"As an application in a B2B environment, Neurocam could determine what goods in stores interest people. And because the information includes position data, you can do mapping, so it could also show what places people are interested in as an aid for urban development planning. We think it could be used in lots of ways like that."
So much for being mindful of all that cellphone radiation, now that it's strapped to the side of the head.
Image: Yoshikazu Tsuno/AFP/Getty Images
This article originally published at Discovery News here
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There have been a number of accidents and injuries on ships resulting from the release of highly toxic phosphine gas. In addition, a number of fires and explosions have been caused by the unsafe disposal of residues of aluminium phosphide following the fumigation of cargoes in transit. International guidance and recommendations on fumigation on board ships is contained in MSC Circulars 1264 and 1396 and the IMSBC Code.
While phosphine is a well established insecticide, it is also poisonous to humans at relatively low concentrations and can form flammable gas/air mixtures. Failures to follow correct application procedures include:
- Failure to unfold or uncoil belts, blankets, blister packs and ropes. This presents a fire hazard, and possibly an explosion hazard which worsens if moisture that condenses on the upper parts of the cargo space (sweating) drips onto the fumigant product. Under these circumstances a flammable phosphine:air mixture is more likely to form. If this mixture accumulates within an enclosed space such as a cargo hold or a drum fitted with a lid, it may ignite spontaneously and cause a fire.
- Too many pellets or sachets clustered together (see picture).
Disposal of fumigant residues
MSC Circular 1264 requires that 'all waste and residues are disposed of in an appropriate manner, either by incineration or by disposal on shore, as recommended by the manufacturer. Clear written instructions must be given to the Master of the ship, to the receiver of the cargo and to the authorities at the discharging port as to how any residues are to be disposed of.' Wherever possible, the collection and disposal of fumigation waste should be carried out by properly trained contractors. If residues are to be disposed of by the crew, then note:
- Dispose of waste in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, or instructions provided by the fumigation contractors at the load port.
- Fully reacted residue is safe for disposal at a suitably approved site.
- Waste containing un-reacted material is classed as a hazardous waste and will require special care, and deactivation before disposal.
- Unless crew members have expertise in determining whether the residue contains un-reacted material, it would be prudent to treat it as though it requires deactivation before disposal, and the manufacturer's instructions for this procedure should be carefully followed.
- Do not pile residues onto an open deck exposed to damp or wet conditions. This may cause a fire and toxic gas hazard.
- Do not under any circumstances store residues in a closed drum or other sealed container. This may result in an explosion if a flammable phosphine:gas:air mixture ignites spontaneously, accompanied by the continuing escape of toxic phosphine gas.
- Do not store residues in an open drum exposed to damp or wet conditions.
- Do not place an open drum of waste in a compartment or locker, such as a forecastle store, because of the risk of build-up of phosphine in the space.
Phosphide fumigants can be hazardous, but by carefully following the guidance and warnings in MSC Circulars 1264 and 1396, and the IMSBC Code and the manufacturer's instructions for the disposal of spent or partially spent material, accidents and injury can be avoided.


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African American Museum and Library at Oakland (AAMLO), part of the Oakland Public Library system. Alas, since it was a Monday and the AAMLO was closed, I couldn't check out the museum afterwards. The building itself is interesting, one of 5 libraries built with funds from Carnegie. But what's of real interest are the collections it houses. In 1946, Eugene and Ruth Lasartemay and Jessie and Dr. Marcella Ford began collecting the oral histories and artifacts that documented the activities of African Americans in and around Oakland, the Bay Area and California. After combining with other collections and various moves, the collection ultimately became the AAMLO in 1994. Read more of the history of the AAMLO collections on the OPL website.
- Did you know Jack London was raised by ex-slave Jenny Prentiss? He later borrowed money from her to buy his first boat, and left money to her in his will.
- That section of highway 24 named the Rumford Freeway? That's named after William Byron Rumford, the first African American elected to public office in Northern California. He also was one of the early fighters against automotive air pollution. Besides the freeway, there's also an Oakland post office named after him. Ironically, it's one of the post offices slated to be shut down.
- Oakland's Youth Court? It's named for civil rights activist and superior court judge Donald McCullum.
- mayor Lionel Wilson was the first African American mayor of Oakland.
I have to admit the names and facts were kind of a blur, because we spent the first 30 minutes standing outside the museum. It was tiring to stand in one place for so long, and it made it harder to remember the names and associated facts because there wasn't a place to associate many of them with. But it was a still a good, informative tour, and worth checking out.
More pictures in my Oakland New Era, New Politics walking tour album:
|Oakland New Era, New Politics walking tour|


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Vertical cutting dryer is an important equipment in the oil drilling industry, used to process the large amount of drilling cuttings generated in the drilling process. The vertical cutting dryer can efficiently separate the drilling waste from the drilling fluid and dry it for recycling, thereby improving the processing efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the drilling fluid. In addition, the drilling waste dryer can also reduce the pollution of the drilling fluid to the underground environment and protect the environment.
GN Vertical Cuttings Dryer Specifications
||OOC ≤ 5%
|Screen Max Diameter
|Oil Tank Capacity
|Air Knife Input Pressure
|Air Knife Input Capacity
|Back Drive Motor
|Flushing Pump Power
||ExdIIBt4 / IEC EX/ ATEX
||2685 X 1290 X 1723mm
|The above specification and parameters for reference only.
GN Vertical Cuttings Dryer Features:
- Efficient processing: GN Vertical cutting dryer uses high-speed rotation and centrifugal separation technology to quickly and effectively process solid waste and liquid from drilling fluids, reducing waste generation and lowering processing costs.
- Environmentally friendly and energy-efficient: GN Vertical cutting dryer can recycle and reuse drilling fluids, reducing environmental pollution and resource waste, while also reducing energy consumption for waste treatment.
- Strong adaptability: The rotation speed and filter screen size of the GN Vertical cutting dryer can be adjusted according to the characteristics and processing needs of the drilling fluid, making it adaptable and able to handle different types of drilling fluid and waste.
- Easy operation: GN Vertical cutting dryer adopts an automated control system, which is easy to operate and can achieve remote monitoring and operation, improving work efficiency and safety.
- High G-Force: The drum of the cutting dryer is equipped with a high-speed centrifuge mechanism that generates a significant centrifugal force. This high G-force helps to accelerate the separation of solids from the drilling fluid.
- Adjustable Speed option: The cutting dryer typically has an adjustable rotational speed for the drum. This feature allows operators to optimize the separation efficiency based on the specific drilling conditions and the characteristics of the cuttings. helps to maintain the quality and performance of the drilling fluid, leading to improved drilling efficiency.


Shared Hosting Limitations
All websites hosted on GeoBis Web Solutions's Shared Web Hosting servers are actively monitored, to ensure that they do not impact the performance of other websites hosted on the same server.
Some of the parameters that websites are monitored for, are:
 - Number of concurrent/simultaneous connections a website can make to the server,
 - CPU utilization in terms of a percentage of what is set aside for websites hosted on the server,
 - Memory utilization in terms of a percentage of what is set aside for websites hosted on the server,
 - Number of concurrent/simultaneous processes a user can run on the server,
 - Number of concurrent/simultaneous Database connections a website can make,
 - Number of queries that can be run on a Database in an hour's span.
If your website exceeds the above mentioned resources, we recommend shifting your site to a Dedicated server, as your website's resource requirements are greater than those available in a shared environment.


Tag Archives: R
R Quick Tip: Use %in% to filter a data frame.
Working with R, I was looking for functionality to easily subset my data based on a sequence of numbers. After writing a for loop and using rbind to do it initially (terrible to do in R!), I finally found a way to do this efficiently. Using a command called %in%, you can easily apply it as a filter in the subset command to get data filtered based on your sequence. Enjoy!
# Generate sample data based to test.
sample_data <- data.frame(ID=seq(1,100,1),
 Score=sample(0:100,100,rep=TRUE))
summary(sample_data)
# Plot the scores, see that there is a score for each id.
plot(sample_data$Score~sample_data$ID)
# Create a filter to apply.
look_at <- seq(1,100,10)
# Filter the sample data by look_at using the %in% command.
subset_data <- subset(sample_data, ID %in% look_at)
# Plot the scores, note the filtered data.
plot(subset_data$Score~subset_data$ID)
Starting Quirks with Pandas from an R Junkie
Okay, okay, the title might be a little sensationalised. I have been using the R statistics package for processing the results of evolutionary runs since beginning my PhD 2 years ago. In that time, I have become familiar with the basic process to importing data, performing basic population statistics, mean, confidence intervals, etc, and plotting using ggplot. I've always felt that I could streamline the process though as I perform a great deal of preprocessing using Python. This typically involves combining multiple replicate runs into one data file and possibly even doing some basic statistics using the built-in functionality of Python.
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Escaping the Spreadsheet Mentality: Start with the Right Data Format
Growing up on a healthy diet of Microsoft Office products, I am well versed in Word, Excel and Powerpoint. As I have transitioned into the research world, these products still have their place, however, I sometimes find that the habits I developed for organizing data doesn't necessarily transfer to statistical analysis. Recently, I ran into a situation where I was evaluating the performance of solutions in multiple different environments. Organizing this data appeared straightforward to me at first, I would simply group the different environments into one row grouped by the id of the individual. My data then looked something like this:
GenerationEnvironment 1Environment 2Environment 3
110.312.18.2
214.110.27.4
38.613.410.2
49.811.29.3
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Orban OPTIMOD 6300 Streaming, STL or Satellite Digital Audio Processor
Orban OPTIMOD 6300 Streaming, STL or Satellite Digital Audio Processor
The OPTIMOD 6300 is a high quality, multi-purpose stereo audio processor for digital radio, analog/digital television, netcasts, STL protection, audio production, and digital mastering.
The OPTIMOD 6300 is a high-quality, multipurpose stereo audio processor for digital radio (DAB+, HD Radio), digital television, netcasts, STL protection, satellite uplink protection, and digital mastering.
Background information: What to consider when it comes to Audio Processing for DAB+/Streaming
Thanks to versatile signal routing, the 6300 can also serve as a studio AGC with an all-digital signal path, and simultaneously as a talent headphone processor.
Because all processing is performed by high-speed mathematical calculations within digital signal processing (DSP) chips, the processing has cleanliness, quality, and stability over time and temperature that is unmatched by analog processors.
Key Features:
Absolute Control of Loudness and Peak Modulation
The OPTIMOD 6300 includes third-generation CBS Loudness Controllers™ for DTV applications. Loudness controllers work with the both Two-Band and Five-Band structures. The third-generation improvements reduce annoyance more than simple loudness control alone, doing so without audible gain pumping. Attack time is fast enough to prevent audible loudness overshoots, so the control is smooth and unobtrusive. Material processed by the CBS Loudness Controller has been shown to be well controlled when measured with a long-term loudness meter using the ITU-R BS.1770-2 standard. The 6300 also includes a "BS.1770 Safety Limiter" that follows the CBS Loudness Controller; use the BS.1770 if the BS.1770-2 meter reading must be constrained to a preset value.
The 6300 also implements "True Peak" Control by oversampling the peak limiter's sidechain at 192 kHz. This allows the 6300 to prevent clipping in a playback device's analog signal path by predicting and controlling the analog peak level following the playback device's reconstruction filter to an accuracy of better than 0.5 dB. For typical program material, accuracy is 0.2 dB! Without true peak control, analog clipping can occur even if all peak values of the digital samples are below 0 dBFS. This phenomenon has also been termed "0 dBFS+."
Thanks to true peak control, sample rate conversion, unless it removes high frequency program energy or introduces group delay distortion, cannot cause sample peaks to increase more than 0.5 dB. For example, sample rate conversion from 48 kHz to 44.1 kHz is highly unlikely to cause sample peak clipping in the 44.1 kHz audio data.
Flexible Configuration
The 6300 includes analog and dual AES3 digital inputs and outputs. The digital input and digital outputs have sample-rate converters and can operate at 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48, 88.2, and 96 kHz sample rates. The pre-emphasis status and output levels are separately adjustable for the analog and digital outputs.
The outputs can be independently configured to emit the output of the AGC or the output of the multiband compressor/limiter, all configurable to use or bypass look-ahead limiting. So a 6300 can be configured to drive an STL with a peak-limited output from the AGC while also providing a fully processed digital radio/netcast feed and a low delay, multiband compressed talent headphone feed.
Adaptability through Multiple Audio Processing Structures
The 6300 features two processing structures: Five-band for a spectrally consistent sound with good loudness control, and Two-band for a transparent sound that preserves the frequency balance of the original program material while also effectively controlling subjective loudness. There are over 60 Factory Presets wich are our "factory recommended settings" for various program formats or types. There are multiple Factory Presets for both radio-oriented and video oriented programming.
Orban's new PreCode™ technology manipulates several aspects of the audio to minimize artifacts caused by low bitrate codecs, ensuring consistent loudness and texture from one source to the next. There are several factory presets tuned specifically for low bitrate codecs.
The OPTIMOD 6300 Audio Processor can be remote-controlled by 5-12V pulses applied to eight programmable, optically isolated "general-purpose interface" (GPI) ports.
Moreover, because the 6300 supports presets that be recalled by remote control, it can be automatically synchronized to the presets on-air at a transmitter side Optimod when presets are dayparted. The 6300's software can be upgraded by running Orban-supplied downloadable upgrade software on a PC.


photo.
Using simple proportions between times and positions you can calculate the value of the burn needed to get a fly-by trajectory - one that brings the relative speed of the target in the XY plane to zero. Since it doesn't move "sideways" and you move towards it, you will get there eventually.
You still don't know when the fly-by will happen, and at what speed, but all you need is to wait - or keep repeating the process to reduce the fly-by distance further.
Of course if the initial visual contact is way "off", you'll lack delta-V to perform the correction. Still, in case of New Horizons, about 100,000 km of initial error should be enough to get a very close fly-by, and anything above that will just add to the fly-by distance.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ In practice though, the time of the flyby was known to a second or two (necessary for camera pointing) implying that the distance to 2014MU69 was known to 20 km or so. Does anyone know how this was determined? $\endgroup$ Jan 2 '19 at 17:07
Your Answer


Clothe - Crossword Clue
Crossword Clue Last Updated: 08/05/2020
Below are possible answers for the crossword clue Clothe.
5 letter answer(s) to clothe
 1. apply a bandage or medication to; "dress the victim's wounds"
 2. convert into leather; "dress the tanned skins"
 3. kill and prepare for market or consumption; "dress a turkey"
 4. cut down rough-hewn (lumber) to standard thickness and width
 6. put a finish on; "dress the surface smooth"
 9. a one-piece garment for a woman; has skirt and bodice
 10. put a dressing on; "dress the salads"
 11. provide with decoration; "dress the windows"
 12. decorate (food), as with parsley or other ornamental foods
6 letter answer(s) to clothe
 1. adorn with a robe
 2. provide with a coating; "enrobe the nuts with chocolate"
4 letter answer(s) to clothe
 2. provide with power and authority; "They vested the council with special rights"
 3. a collarless men's undergarment for the upper part of the body
 4. a man's sleeveless garment worn underneath a coat
 5. clothe formally; especially in ecclesiastical robes
 6. clothe oneself in ecclesiastical garments
 7. become legally vested; "The property vests in the trustees"
Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'Clothe'
Still struggling to solve the crossword clue 'Clothe'?
If you're still haven't solved the crossword clue Clothe then why not search our database by the letters you have already!


text:
How to Write Your Own Math Rap
The Rappin' Mathematician presents a step-by-step guide to creating an academic rhyme.
This how-to article accompanies the feature "Rapping Math Teachers Bring It."
Want to rap a math concept for your class, but not sure where to start? Alex Kajitani, the Rappin' Mathematician, breaks down how to write a rap.
Step 1: Identify Your Concept
What do you want your students to learn? Successful math raps have been written on concepts such as fractions, negative and positive numbers, and integers.
Step 2: Find Your Rhymes
Write out all the key words related to your concept. For a rap about the order of operations, Kajitani lists operations, order, parenthesis, exponent, multiply, divide, add, and subtract.
Then find what rhymes with these words. Kajitani recommends going to Rhymezone.com and plugging in your word: "Divide" brings up 147 results. He chooses the rhyming word guide.
Not every word needs to rhyme perfectly. Kajitani also uses words and phrases that sound similar, such as exponent and "own it," to form a rhyme. If you are writing a four-line rhyme, the second and fourth lines should rhyme.
Step 3: Craft the Hook
A catchy hook -- a rhyme repeated at the beginning, middle, and end of the rap, like a refrain -- is essential to a good math rap. It quickly explains what the rap is all about.
Using the rhyme he found on Rhymezone.com, Kajitani shows how to craft a hook that explains the order of operations:
Parenthesis then exponents,
Multiply and divide,
Then add and subtract
PEMDAS is your guide.
Step 4: Back It up with a Beat
No rap is complete without the musical beat behind the words. A Google search for "free rap beats" could provide some leads. Garage Band, a Macintosh program that comes with the iLife package ($79), can also be used to create rap beats. Kajitani will buy beats for about $20-$100 per song to use commercially from sites such as Gotchanoddin.com.
Kajitani suggests sampling some background music and practicing lyrics to different songs until you find a combination that feels right. Any music software will allow you to shorten the beat's track -- Kajitani notes that a math rap doesn't have to be long -- to fit the length of your math rap. (One option is the free, cross-platform Audacity Sound Editor.)
Step 5: Perform
Kajitani says you might start a math lesson with your new rap. Or you may want to record your voice into a computer and bring a recorded version into class. (Garage Band can also be used for this type of recording.) Your students might also enjoy performing the rap.
Now that you have a new learning tool, it's time to show it off.
Extra Credit: Make the Video
The after-school video club at Kajitani's school, Mission Middle School, in Escondido, California, produced his video So Many Lines. The students drew a storyboard of the scenes for the video, selected actors for the various parts, and then filmed and edited the piece themselves -- and their creative efforts didn't go unnoticed: They won the 2007 iVIE award for the most innovative video in education.
The Rappin' Mathematician:
Alex Kajitani teaches through rhymes.
The school was so impressed with the students' work that they created a regular video-technology class during the school day. This year's class may make another video for Kajitani's song "The Itty Bitty Dot." After that project, the students will surely remember Kajitani's hook about adding and subtracting with decimals: "Just line up the dot and give it all you've got."


text:
Audi Teases New Lightweight R8 Variant Codenamed NF
During a presentation at a technology demonstration at its lightweight research and production plant in Neckersulm, Germany, senior Audi product developers teased an upcoming R8 supercar variant codenamed "NF" that will feature even greater usage of lightweight composites.
Before we go any further, the photos you see here are not the NF. Audi showed journalists a computer rendering of the passenger cell of the NF during a presentation on the progression of carbon-fiber and other lightweight materials in Audi vehicles. The white R8 5.2 V-10 you see depicted is a lightweight prototype we believe is related to the NF project. Audi would not allow cameras into the presentations, instead handing out the approved photos you see here.
The vehicle identified as R8 NF was featured on a timeline describing the proliferation of carbon-fiber in vehicles such as the R8 and highlighted the carbon-fiber engine cover on the R8 Spyder, the roof of the R8-based E-Tron and the various pieces found on the limited-run R8 GT, amongst others. Denoted at the 2014 mark was the NF, or more specifically, the passenger section. The image, taken in context, implied that the NF would feature a new carbon-fiber rear bulkhead between the seat backs and the engine compartment and showed the carbon-fiber piece extending into the lower B-pillars. Audi would not elaborate on the image.
Later during a tour of the Audi Lightweight Design Center at Neckersulm, however, the company showed off the white R8 prototype you see here. This car has had multiple pieces of the bodywork replaced with carbon-fiber including the bumpers and the decklid. More significantly, Audi had also replaced the roof and floor pans with carbon-fiber. All told, Audi says, the prototype is 20-percent lighter than an aluminum-bodied R8. Audi engineers then unveiled a crash-tested prototype R8 similar to the white car that also featured carbon-fiber roof rails, an important structural member.
The photo of the video screen shows the crash test results, which reveals that the carbon-fiber floor pan survived the head-on front crash test without incident. Audi also used the same car in both a side-impact crash test with a pole and a roof-crush test, during which the carbon-fiber roof rails intruded minimally into the passenger cabin. The carbon-fiber floor didn't fare as well in the side-impact test, buckling underneath the seat but with almost no intrusion into the passenger cabin. Audi claims that the intrusion from all three tests was so small that the car meets current crash testing requirements. Audi did not provide pictures of the crash-test car.
The company had another spoiler up its sleeve as well. Later in the demonstration, the company elaborated on the research it has done on the use of carbon-fiber as s structural element. The wavy, corrugated piece of carbon-fiber you see in the pictures was used in a drop test to assess its ability to absorb crash energy. Engineers then showed a simulation in which the corrugated piece was used behind the passenger compartment of a coupe (which looked an awful lot like an R8) for energy absorption during a rear-end crash. This leads us to believe that the company is researching the possibility of replacing traditional metal crumple zones with carbon-fiber in the future to further reduce weight.
We'll have more for you on Audi's research into lightweight materials and construction techniques later this weekend as the event continues.
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Ribbon in JavaScript (ES5) Spreadsheet control
30 Jan 2023 / 4 minutes to read
It helps to organize a spreadsheet's features into a series of tabs. By clicking the expand or collapse icon, you can expand or collapse the ribbon toolbar dynamically.
Ribbon Customization
You can customize the ribbon using the following methods,
Method Action
hideRibbonTabs Used to show or hide the existing ribbon tabs.
enableRibbonTabs Used to enable or disable the existing ribbon tabs.
addRibbonTabs Used to add custom ribbon tabs.
hideToolbarItems Used to show or hide the existing ribbon toolbar items.
enableToolbarItems Used to enable or disable the specified toolbar items.
addToolbarItems Used to add the custom items in ribbon toolbar.
hideFileMenuItems Used to show or hide the ribbon file menu items.
enableFileMenuItems Used to enable or disable file menu items.
addFileMenuItems Used to add custom file menu items.
The following code example shows the usage of ribbon customization.
Source
Preview
index.js
index.html
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ej.base.enableRipple(true);
var columns = [{ width: 180 }, { width: 130 }, { width: 130 }, { width: 180 }, { width: 130 }, { width: 120 }];
var sheets = [{ ranges: [{ dataSource: data }], columns: columns }];
var spreadsheet = new ej.spreadsheet.Spreadsheet({
 sheets: sheets,
 created: function () {
 spreadsheet.cellFormat({ fontWeight: 'bold', textAlign: 'center' }, 'A1:F1');
 // Hiding the 'Insert' from ribbon.
 spreadsheet.hideRibbonTabs(['Insert']);
 // Set diabled state to 'View' ribbon tab.
 spreadsheet.enableRibbonTabs(['View'], false);
 // Adding the 'Help' ribbon tab at the last index.
 // Specify the ribbon tab header text in last optional argument('insertBefore') for inserting new tab before any existing tab.
 spreadsheet.addRibbonTabs([{ header: { text: 'Help' }, content: [{ text: 'Feedback', tooltipText: 'Feedback',
 click: function (args) { /* Any click action for this toolbar item will come here. */ } }] }]);
 // Hiding the unwanted toobar items from 'Home' by specifying its index.
 spreadsheet.hideToolbarItems('Home', [0, 1, 2, 4, 14, 15, 21, 24]);
 // Set diable state to 'Underline', 'Wrap text' toobar items from 'Home' by specifying the item id.
 spreadsheet.enableToolbarItems('Home', ['${spreadsheet.element.id}_underline', '${spreadsheet.element.id}_wrap'], false);
 // Set diable state to 'Protect Sheet' toolbar item from 'Data' by mentioning its index.
 spreadsheet.enableToolbarItems('Data', [0], false);
 // Adding the new 'Custom Formulas' toolbar item under 'Formulas' tab for adding custom formulas.
 spreadsheet.addToolbarItems(
 'Formulas', [{ type: 'Separator' }, {
 text: 'Custom Formulas', tooltipText: 'Custom Formulas',
 // You can set click handler for each new custom toolbar item
 click: function (args) {
 // You can add custom formualas here.
 }
 }]);
 // Adding new custom item 'Import' after the existing 'Open' item. By default, new item will add after the specified item.
 spreadsheet.addFileMenuItems([{ text: 'Import', iconCss: 'e-open e-icons' }], 'Open');
 // Adding new custom item 'Export As' after the existing 'Save As' item.
 // Set 'insertAfter' optional argument as 'false' for adding new item before the specified item.
 spreadsheet.addFileMenuItems(
 [{
 text: 'Export As', iconCss: 'e-save e-icons', items: [{ text: 'XLSX', iconCss: 'e-xlsx e-icons' },
 { text: 'XLS', iconCss: 'e-xls e-icons' }, { text: 'CSV', iconCss: 'e-csv e-icons' }]
 }],
 'Save As', false);
 },
 fileMenuBeforeOpen: function () {
 // Since the file menu items are created dynamically, so need to perform the hide/show and enable/disable operations
 // under filemenu before open event.
 // Hiding the 'Save As' and 'Open' item.
 spreadsheet.hideFileMenuItems(['Save As', 'Open']);
 // Set diable state to 'New' item. You can perform any file menu items customization by specifying the item id,
 // if it has more than one same item text. Set the last argument 'isUniqueId' as true for using the item id.
 spreadsheet.enableFileMenuItems(['${spreadsheet.element.id}_New'], false, true);
 },
 fileMenuItemSelect: function (args) {
 // Custom file menu items select handler
 switch (args.item.text) {
 case 'Import': select('#${spreadsheet.element.id}_fileUpload', spreadsheet.element).click();
 break;
 case 'XLSX': spreadsheet.save({ saveType: 'Xlsx' });
 break;
 case 'XLS': spreadsheet.save({ saveType: 'Xls' });
 break;
 case 'CSV': spreadsheet.save({ saveType: 'Csv' });
 break;
 }
 },
 openUrl: '_URL_
 saveUrl: '_URL_
 // Removed the unwanted support for this samples
 showFormulaBar: false, showSheetTabs: false, allowInsert: false, allowDelete: false, allowMerge: false
});
spreadsheet.appendTo('#spreadsheet');
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>

 <title>EJ2 SpreadSheet</title>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <meta name="description" content="Typescript UI Controls">
 <meta name="author" content="Syncfusion">
 <link rel="shortcut icon" href="resources/favicon.ico">
 <link href="_URL_ rel="stylesheet">
 <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/20.4.38/ej2-base/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet">
 <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/20.4.38/ej2-inputs/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet">
 <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/20.4.38/ej2-buttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet">
 <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/20.4.38/ej2-splitbuttons/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet">
 <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/20.4.38/ej2-lists/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet">
 <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/20.4.38/ej2-navigations/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet">
 <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/20.4.38/ej2-popups/styles/material.css" rel="stylesheet">
 <link href="//cdn.syncfusion.com/ej2/20.4.38/ej2-dropdowns/


text:
Properties of sediment phosphorus in seven wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain, South-Western Australia
*Subscription may be required
Seven wetlands from two dune systems on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia were studied for sediment properties associated with phosphorus retention and potential remobilization. Sediments from the Spearwood Dunes had higher contents of silt, clay, and organic material. Sediment total phosphorus was positively correlated with water content, organic matter and silt content but inversely related to the amount of coarse materials. Part of the organic matter was refractory humic substances, and the molecular weight of humic acids ranged from less than 10,000 to over 600,000. Significant portions of sediment total P (5–73%) were bound to humic substances. The fraction of "loosely-bound phosphorus" (NH4Cl-P) accounted for less than 10% of total-P. NaOH-extractable P was high; some humic substances were extracted with NaOH. Correlations between phosphorus forms and other components suggest an affinity between 'fine particles' of similar hydrologic density during sediment transport and reworking, and this involves most humic-P in these wetlands.
|Publication Type:||Journal Article|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||School of Environmental Science|
|Copyright:||© 2000 Society of Wetland Scientists|
|Item Control Page|


text:
Local Extension Agent discusses "Salmonella in songbirds"
By: Bobby Smith
I have received several calls the last few weeks with clients who are distraught over dead songbirds in or around their bird feeders. Earlier this spring I received an e-mail from a fellow agent in a county north of Morgan County with the same issue. He had observed the same problem in his county. He submitted three birds to Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) to be tested for Salmonella, and all three birds tested positive.
If you are seeing dead birds in or around your feeders or birdbaths, I just wanted to make you aware of the problem and share some suggestions from the SCWDS.
The researcher at the SCWDS lab offered the following information about the outbreak:
-Salmonella bacteria are naturally found in many wild and domestic bird species
-Stress from severe weather and high concentrations of birds during spring (such as those found around bird feeders and bird baths) contribute to outbreak and disease spread.
-Because of large congregations of birds at feeders this time of year, this is when we usually see Salmonella outbreaks
-Cats that eat dead birds can pick up the Salmonella and possibly spread it to the humans that are caring for them.
To help stop the spread of the disease, there are several steps that you can take if you believe the Salmonella outbreak has affected your area:
1. Remove all bird feeders and bird baths and clean up residual seed. It's important for the birds to disperse to help control the spread of disease.
2. Disinfect all bird feeders and bird baths with 1 part bleach and 9 parts water
3. Do not place the bird seed back out for at least one month after you see the last sick or dying bird on your property
4. Clean out feeders at least every two weeks when you start feeding again to help prevent buildup of bacteria and fungi that can contribute to diseases in birds.
For information on this and other problems, contact your local UGA Cooperative Extension Office or call 1800ASKUGA1 or _PHONE_.
Printed in the May 28, 2009 Edition.


text:
The Gold Standard provides a foundation for destination marketing organizations (DMOs) to cultivate relationships with potential visitors and residents before, during and after they visit. It provides the most efficient and cost effective means to reach potential customers, and it makes them it easier for them to buy. Resources invested in destination awareness, increasing sales, or marketing convention and meeting facilities are fully engaged when a DMO is Gold Standard compliant.
When the Gold Standard is woven and integrated into the management of destination marketing organizations, those DMOs have a better chance to achieve their full economic potential. They fulfill their obligation to constituents and accomplish their duty to local taxpayers and visitors who pay taxes by promoting all potential venues a potential visitor or resident can experience based on their budget and available time, using an objectively weighted, clear cut methodology.
Today's travelers invest precious time and energy to review dozens of sources to fashion the experience they think they want. DMOs can simplify the task by packaging all the information in one place and by making it fast and easy to obtain. The Gold Standard helps to ensure DMOs remain the most relevant and indisputable travel authorities within their market area. These protocols ensure DMOs consistently excel in providing all the information visitors need today and in the future.