text:
In 1996, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) was commissioned to create an award to recognize and honor outstanding scientists and engineers at the outset of their independent research careers. The NSTC was established to coordinate the multiagency science and technology policy-making process, and to implement and integrate the President's science and technology policy agenda across the federal government.
The Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) embodies the high priority placed by the government on maintaining the leadership position of the United States in science by producing outstanding scientists and engineers and nurturing their continued development. The Awards identify a cadre of outstanding scientists and engineers who will broadly advance science and the missions important to the participating agencies.
The PECASE Awards are intended to recognize some of the finest scientists and engineers who, while early in their research careers, show exceptional potential for leadership at the frontiers of scientific knowledge during the twenty-first century. The Awards foster innovative and far-reaching developments in science and technology, increase awareness of careers in science and engineering, give recognition to the scientific missions of participating agencies, enhance connections between fundamental research and national goals, and highlight the importance of science and technology for the nation's future.
The PECASE Award is the highest honor bestowed by the U.S. government on outstanding scientists and engineers beginning their independent careers. The awards are conferred annually at the White House following recommendations from participating agencies. To be eligible for a PECASE Award, an individual must be a U.S. citizen, national or permanent resident. Each Presidential award winner receives a citation, a plaque and funding from their agency for up to five years to advance his or her research. Individuals can receive only one PECASE award in their careers.
The agencies participating in the PECASE Awards program are:
- Department of Agriculture
- Department of Commerce
- Department of Defense
- Department of Energy
- Department of Education
- Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health
- Department of Interior
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- National Science Foundation


[en]
 Introduction. We recently have shown that samples from MD probes placed on the surface of the heart reflect metabolic events in the myocardium. This new interesting observation challenges us to consider whether surface application of MD applies to other parenchymatous organs and their surfaces.
 Material and methods. In thirteen anesthetized pigs transient liver ischemia was achieved by occlusion of arterial and venous inflow to the liver. Two probes on liver surface, and two in parenchyma were perfused with a flow rate of 1 µL/min (n=13). An identical set up was used for probes with a flow rate of 2 µL/min (n=9). Samples were collected for every 15 minute period during 60 minutes of baseline, 45 minutes of ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Lactate, glucose, pyruvate and glycerol were analysed in MD samples. We focused on relative changes in the present paper.
 Results. There was a strong agreement in relative lactate and glucose levels between probes placed on liver surface and parenchyma. No significant differences in relative changes of lactate and glucose levels were seen between samples from surface probes and probes in liver parenchyma during equilibration, baseline, ischemia or reperfusion with a flow rate of 1 µL/min.
 Conclusion. MD sampling applied on the liver surface is a new application area for the MD technique, and may be used to monitor liver metabolism both during physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
 - 4.
 Abrahamsson, Pernilla
 et al.
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Åberg, Anna-Maja
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Winsö, Ola
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Johansson, Göran
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Haney, Michael
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Blind, Per-Jonas
 Surface microdialysis sampling: a new approach described in a liver ischaemia model2012Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, ISSN _PHONE_, E-ISSN 1475-097X, Vol. 32, nr 2, s. 99-105Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
 Abstract [en]
 We recently have shown that samples from microdialysis (MD) probes placed on the surface of the heart reflect metabolic events in the myocardium. This new interesting observation challenges us to consider whether surface application of MD applies to other parenchymatous organs and their surfaces. In 13 anesthetized pigs, transient liver ischaemia was achieved by occlusion of arterial and venous inflow to the liver. Two probes on liver surface and two in parenchyma were perfused with a flow rate of 1 mu l per min (n = 13). An identical set-up was used for probes with a flow rate of 2 mu l per min (n = 9). Samples were collected for every 15-min period during 60 min of baseline, 45 min of ischaemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Lactate, glucose, pyruvate and glycerol were analysed in MD samples. We focused on relative changes in the present study. There was a strong agreement in relative lactate and glucose levels between probes placed on liver surface and those on parenchyma. No significant differences in relative changes in lactate and glucose levels were seen between samples from surface probes and probes in liver parenchyma during equilibration, baseline, ischaemia or reperfusion with a flow rate of 1 mu l per min. MD sampling applied on the liver surface is a new application area for the MD technique and may be used to monitor liver metabolism during both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
 - 5.
 Ahlström, Katarina
 et al.
 Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
 Biber, Björn
 Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
 Åberg, Anna-Maja
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Abrahamsson, Pernilla
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Johansson, Göran
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Ronquist, Gunnar
 Department of Medical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
 Waldenström, Anders
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
 Haney, Michael F.
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Exogenous carbon monoxide does not affect cell membrane energy availability assessed by sarcolemmal calcium fluxes during myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion in the pig2011Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology, ISSN 0265-0215, E-ISSN _PHONE_, Vol. 28, nr 5, s. 356-362Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
 Abstract [en]
 Carbon monoxide is thought to be cytoprotective and may hold therapeutic promise for mitigating ischaemic injury. The purpose of this study was to test low-dose carbon monoxide for protective effects in a porcine model of acute myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion.In acute open-thorax experiments in anaesthetised pigs, pretreatment with low-dose carbon monoxide (5% increase in carboxyhaemoglobin) was conducted for 120 min before localised ischaemia (45 min) and reperfusion (60 min) was performed using a coronary snare. Metabolic and injury markers were collected by microdialysis sampling in the ventricular wall. Recovery of radio-marked calcium delivered locally by microperfusate was measured to assess carbon monoxide treatment effects during ischaemia/reperfusion on the intracellular calcium pool.Coronary occlusion and ischaemia/reperfusion were analysed for 16 animals (eight in each group). Changes in glucose, lactate and pyruvate from the ischaemic area were observed during ischaemia and reperfusion interventions, though there was no difference between carbon monoxide-treated and control groups during ischaemia or reperfusion. Similar results were observed for glycerol and microdialysate Ca recovery.These findings show that a relatively low and clinically relevant dose of carbon monoxide did not seem to provide acute protection as indicated by metabolic, energy-related and injury markers in a porcine myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion experimental model. We conclude that protective effects of carbon monoxide related to ischaemia/reperfusion either require higher doses of carbon monoxide or occur later after reperfusion than the immediate time frame studied here. More study is needed to characterise the mechanism and time frame of carbon monoxide-related cytoprotection.
 - 6.
 Ahlström, Katarina
 et al.
 Anestesi, Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet.
 Biber, Björn
 Anestesi, Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet.
 Åberg, Annamaja
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Waldenström, Anders
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Kardiologi.
 Ronquist, Gunnar
 Abrahamsson, Pernilla
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
 Strandén, Per
 Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten,


AUTO' (the default) then SSL encryption is automatically enabled or disabled based on the setting used by the seed instance (other members of the cluster) and the available SSL support provided by the instance itself.
When using createCluster() with the adoptFromGR option to adopt an existing Group Replication group, no SSL settings are changed on the adopted cluster:
 - memberSslMode cannot be used with adoptFromGR.
 - If the SSL settings of the adopted cluster are different from the ones supported by the MySQL Shell, in other words SSL for Group Replication recovery and Group Communication, both settings are not modified. This means you are not be able to add new instances to the cluster, unless you change the settings manually for the adopted cluster.
MySQL Shell always enables or disables SSL for the cluster for both Group Replication recovery and Group Communication, see Section 17.5.2, "Secure Socket Layer Support (SSL)". A verification is performed and an error issued in case those settings are different for the seed instance (for example as the result of a dba.createCluster() using adoptFromGR) when adding a new instance to the cluster. SSL encryption must be enabled or disabled for all instances in the cluster. Verifications are performed to ensure that this invariant holds when adding a new instance to the cluster.
The deploySandboxInstance() command attempts to deploy sandbox instances with SSL encryption support by default. If it is not possible, the server instance is deployed without SSL support. Use the ignoreSslError option set to false to ensure that sandbox instances are deployed with SSL support, issuing an error if SSL support cannot be provided. When ignoreSslError is true, which is the default, no error is issued during the operation if the SSL support cannot be provided and the server instance is deployed without SSL support.
Creating a Whitelist of Servers
When using a cluster's createCluster(), addInstance(), and rejoinInstance() methods you can optionally specify a list of approved servers that belong to the cluster, referred to as a whitelist. By specifying the whitelist explicitly in this way you can increase the security of your cluster because only servers in the whitelist can connect to the cluster. By default, if not specified explicitly, the whitelist is automatically set to the private network addresses that the server has network interfaces on. To configure the whitelist, specify the servers to add with the ipWhitelist option when using the method. Pass the servers as a comma separated list, surrounded by quotes. Using the ipWhitelist option configures the group_replication_ip_whitelist system variable on the instance. For example:
mysql-js> cluster.addInstance("ic@ic-3:3306", {ipWhitelist: "203.0.113.0/24, 198.51.100.110"})
This configures the instance to only accept connections from servers at addresses 203.0.113.0/24 and 198.51.100.110. From MySQL 5.7.21, the whitelist can also include host names, which are resolved only when a connection request is made by another server.
Warning
Host names are inherently less secure than IP addresses in a whitelist. MySQL carries out FCrDNS verification, which provides a good level of protection, but can be compromised by certain types of attack. Specify host names in your whitelist only when strictly necessary, and ensure that all components used for name resolution, such as DNS servers, are maintained under your control. You can also implement name resolution locally using the hosts file, to avoid the use of external components.
Using MySQL Shell to Execute a Script
You can automate cluster configuration with scripts. For example:
shell> mysqlsh -f setup-innodb-cluster.js
Note
Any command line options specified after the script file name are passed to the script and not to MySQL Shell. You can access those options using the os.argv array in JavaScript, or the sys.argv array in Python. In both cases, the first option picked up in the array is the script name.
The contents of an example script file is shown here:
 print('MySQL InnoDB cluster sandbox set up\n');
 print('==================================\n');
 print('Setting up a MySQL InnoDB cluster with 3 MySQL Server sandbox instances.\n');
 print('The instances will be installed in ~/mysql-sandboxes.\n');
 print('They will run on ports 3310, 3320 and 3330.\n\n');
 var dbPass = shell.prompt('Please enter a password for the MySQL root account: ', {type:"password"});
 try {
 print('\nDeploying the sandbox instances.');
 dba.deploySandboxInstance(3310, {password: dbPass});
 print('.');
 dba.deploySandboxInstance(3320, {password: dbPass});
 print('.');
 dba.deploySandboxInstance(3330, {password: dbPass});
 print('.\nSandbox instances deployed successfully.\n\n');
 print('Setting up InnoDB cluster...\n');
 shell.connect('root@localhost:3310', dbPass);
 var cluster = dba.createCluster("prodCluster");
 print('Adding instances to the cluster.');
 cluster.addInstance({user: "root", host: "localhost", port: 3320, password: dbPass});
 print('.');
 cluster.addInstance({user: "root", host: "localhost", port: 3330, password: dbPass});
 print('.\nInstances successfully added to the cluster.');
 print('\nInnoDB cluster deployed successfully.\n');
 } catch(e) {
 print('\nThe InnoDB cluster could not be created.\n\nError: ' +
 + e.message + '\n');
}
20.5 Known Limitations
This section describes the known limitations of InnoDB cluster. As InnoDB cluster uses Group Replication, you should also be aware of its limitations, see Section 17.7.2, "Group Replication Limitations".
 - The formatting of results which contain multi-byte characters sometimes do not have correctly aligned columns. Similarly, non-standard character sets are being corrupted in results.
 - AdminAPI does not support Unix socket connections. MySQL Shell currently does not prevent you from attempting to use socket connections to a cluster, and attempting to use a socket connection to a cluster can cause unexpected results.
 - The MySQL Shell help describes an invalid URI:
 USER[:PASS]@::SOCKET[/DB].
 This is invalid because the @ symbol can not be present if no user information is provided.
 - If a session type is not specified when creating the global session, MySQL Shell provides automatic protocol detection which attempts to first create a NodeSession and if that fails it tries to create a ClassicSession. With an InnoDB cluster that consists of three server instances, where there is one read-write port and two read-only ports, this can cause MySQL Shell to only connect to one of the read-only instances. Therefore it is recommended to always specify the session type when creating the global session.
 - When adding non-sandbox server instances (instances which you have configured manually rather than using dba.deploySandboxInstance() ) to a cluster, MySQL Shell is not able to persist any configuration changes in the instance's configuration file. This leads to one or both of the following scenarios:
 1. The Group Replication configuration is not persisted in the instance's configuration file and upon restart the instance does not rejoin the cluster.
 2. The instance is not valid for cluster usage. Although the instance can be verified with dba.checkInstanceConfiguration(), and MySQL Shell makes the required configuration changes in order to make the instance ready for cluster usage, those changes are not persisted in the configuration file and so are lost once a restart happens.
 If only a happens, the instance does not rejoin the cluster after a restart.
 If b also happens, and you observe that the instance did not rejoin the cluster after a restart, you cannot use the recommended dba.rebootClusterFromCompleteOutage() in this situation to get the cluster back online. This is because the instance loses any configuration changes made by MySQL Shell, and because they were not persisted, the instance reverts to the previous state before being configured for the cluster. This causes Group Replication to stop responding, and eventually the command times out.


text:
The Tutoring Program exists at IST since the academic year 2003/04, being pioneer in Portugal in the development and implementation of tutoring activities adapted to the reality of Portuguese Higher Education.
In 2011, the book Monitoring and Tutoring Program: eight years promoting integration and academic success at IST (not translated) was edited by IST Press. This book presents, describes and quantifies the work developed over the first 8 years of the Program's existence.
The quality of the work developed by the Tutoring Program was distinguished in 2013 by the European Observatory on Good Practices in University Strategic Management, as a Good Practice in the European University context.
Tutoring Program Goals:
- Monitor students' academic path
- Support the transition from secondary education to higher education
- Soft skills training
- Early identification of academic failure situations
- Training and guidance for students with high academic performance
- Support activities related to Course's Coordination
- Promote professors teaching skills
- Contribute to improving the quality of teaching at IST
In the year in which the GATu (current NDA) celebrated 10 years dedicated to promoting the success and academic integration of university students, the 1st edition (sold out) of the book published in 2011, Monitoring and Tutoring Program: eight years promoting integration and academic success at IST (not translated) was launched.
You can download the book in Portuguese here:
- Part 1: Framework of the Tutor in the Theories of Development and Academic Self-Regulation (PDF, 32KB)
- Part 2: Institutional Framework of the Tutoring Program (PDF, 13KB)
- Part 3: Tutor Support Office – Description and Evaluation of Activities (PDF, 27KB)
- Part 4: Assessing the Activities of the Tutoring Support Office (PDF, 21KB)
- Part 5: The Challenges of the Tutoring Program for the Future (PDF, 12KB)
- Annex: Chronology (PDF, 2KB)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
How many earthquakes does Peru have a year?
Earthquakes in Peru are common occurrences as the country is located in a seismic zone. The interface between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates is located near the Peruvian coast. The South American Plate is moving over the Nazca Plate at a rate of 77 mm (3.0 in) per year.
How often are there earthquakes in Peru?
And yes, major (on the Richter scale 7.0 – 7.9) or great (on the Richter scale 8.0 – 8.9) earthquakes are rare and only happen in Peru once or twice in a century.
When was the last time Peru had an earthquake?
Earthquakes Today: latest quakes in or near Peru: past 7 days
|Date and time||Mag Depth||Map|
|Saturday, October 2, 2021 12:52 GMT (2 earthquakes)|
|Oct 2, 2021 7:52 am (GMT -5) (Oct 2, 2021 12:52 GMT) 4 days ago||5.9 592 km||Map|
|Oct 1, 2021 10:36 pm (GMT -5) (Oct 2, 2021 03:36 GMT) 5 days ago||3.6 6 km||Map|
How strong is a 5.3 magnitude earthquake?
Types of Magnitudes
For example, a magnitude 5.3 is a moderate earthquake, and a 6.3 is a strong earthquake. Because of the logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude as measured on a seismogram.
Does Peru have any active volcanoes?
Peru's volcanoes belong to the subduction zone of the eastern Pacific's Nazca Plate beneath South America all along the west coast of Peru. However, only in southern Peru there are active volcanoes.
Are there earthquakes in Lima Peru?
The largest earthquake in Lima:
this month: 4.4 in Callao, Callao, Peru. this year: 5.8 in Mala, Lima, Peru.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


597
How do I checkout just one file from a git repo?
9
27 Answers 27
276
Originally, I mentioned in 2012 git archive (see Jared Forsyth's answer and Robert Knight's answer), since git1.7.9.5 (March 2012), Paul Brannan's answer:
git archive --format=tar --remote=origin HEAD:path/to/directory -- filename | tar -O -xf -
But: in 2013, that was no longer possible for remote _URL_ URLs.
See the old page "Can I archive a repository?"
The current (2018) page "About archiving content and data on GitHub" recommends using third-party services like GHTorrent or GH Archive.
So you can also deal with local copies/clone:
You could alternatively do the following if you have a local copy of the bare repository as mentioned in this answer,
git --no-pager --git-dir /path/to/bar/repo.git show branch:path/to/file >file
Or you must clone first the repo, meaning you get the full history:
 - in the .git repo
 - in the working tree.
 - But then you can do a sparse checkout (if you are using Git1.7+),:
 - enable the sparse checkout option (git config core.sparsecheckout true)
 - adding what you want to see in the .git/info/sparse-checkout file
 - re-reading the working tree to only display what you need
To re-read the working tree:
$ git read-tree -m -u HEAD
That way, you end up with a working tree including precisely what you want (even if it is only one file)
Richard Gomes points (in the comments) to "How do I clone, fetch or sparse checkout a single directory or a list of directories from git repository?"
A bash function which avoids downloading the history, which retrieves a single branch and which retrieves a list of files or directories you need.
With Git 2.40 (Q1 2023), the logic to see if we are using the "cone" mode by checking the sparsity patterns has been tightened to avoid mistaking a pattern that names a single file as specifying a cone.
See commit _PHONE_ (03 Jan 2023) by William Sprent (williams-unity).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit ab85a7d, 16 Jan 2023)
dir: check for single file cone patterns
Signed-off-by: William Sprent
Acked-by: Victoria Dye
The sparse checkout documentation states that the cone mode pattern set is limited to patterns that either recursively include directories or patterns that match all files in a directory.
In the sparse checkout file, the former manifest in the form:
/A/B/C/
while the latter become a pair of patterns either in the form:
/A/B/
!/A/B/*/
or in the special case of matching the toplevel files:
/*
!/*/
The 'add_pattern_to_hashsets()' function contains checks which serve to disable cone-mode when non-cone patterns are encountered.
However, these do not catch when the pattern list attempts to match a single file or directory, e.g. a pattern in the form:
/A/B/C
This causes sparse-checkout to exhibit unexpected behaviour when such a pattern is in the sparse-checkout file and cone mode is enabled.
Concretely, with the pattern like the above, sparse-checkout, in non-cone mode, will only include the directory or file located at '/A/B/C'.
However, with cone mode enabled, sparse-checkout will instead just manifest the toplevel files but not any file located at '/A/B/C'.
Relatedly, issues occur when supplying the same kind of filter when partial cloning with '--filter=sparse:oid=<oid>'.
'upload-pack' will correctly just include the objects that match the non-cone pattern matching.
Which means that checking out the newly cloned repo with the same filter, but with cone mode enabled, fails due to missing objects.
To fix these issues, add a cone mode pattern check that asserts that every pattern is either a directory match or the pattern '/*'.
Add a test to verify the new pattern check and modify another to reflect that non-directory patterns are caught earlier.
17
 - 2
 @Tilo: not sure, but it should be possible, considering the clone has been a full one.
 – VonC
 Jan 11, 2012 at 7:02
 - 3
 How's this better than "git checkout HASH path-to-file" as noted in other answers? was that just not available at the time?
 – 0x6A75616E
 Aug 30, 2012 at 17:47
 - 2
 @juand the idea was to not have to load the all working tree before doing git checkout.
 – VonC
 Aug 30, 2012 at 18:04
 - 2
 btw we can use git archive now. Sep 10, 2013 at 7:14
 - 1
 This git show command for obtaining file content from a bare repo is EXACTLY what I was looking for. Thank you!
 – Vanna
 Jul 19, 2020 at 16:46
259
First clone the repo with the -n option, which suppresses the default checkout of all files, and the --depth 1 option, which means it only gets the most recent revision of each file
git clone -n git://path/to/the_repo.git --depth 1
Then check out just the file you want like so:
cd the_repo
git checkout HEAD name_of_file
15
 - 12
 While literally this does check out a single file, it's almost certainly not what the OP wants to do, since they will have all of the files (and the checkout is a no-op anyway).
 – Cascabel
 Mar 17, 2010 at 23:58
 - 5
 I don't think this even works - with -n the work tree and index end up in sync. That is, all content shows up as deleted. You have to either git reset HEAD or git checkout HEAD file. It's also really difficult to work with the repository at this point unless you really understand how git works.
 – Cascabel
 Mar 18, 2010 at 0:06
 - 3
 And if the OP and OOPs like DanielElliott really just want the file (not the repo) adding another rm -rf .git to NickMoore's script would clean up all traces of the cloned repo and perhaps allay Jefromi's concern about having a hard-to-use repo laying around. Makes it very useful for me for several applications, like my challenge today to build a post-receive hook to update the version of another post-receive hook automagicaly.
 – hobs
 Aug 10, 2012 at 0:56
 - 10
 This is a much better answer than the accepted. Glad I kept reading. Oct 2, 2014 at 21:51
 - 8
 This answer is the best (but git is not the best for this kind of work). This answer is also valid for this question, or this other popular one, and many other ones: change name_of_file to name_of_folder. Git in nowadays (2014s) offer submodules to repo-owner offer some por friendly for repo-users. Nov 1, 2014 at 12:13
119
If you already have a copy of the git repo, you can always checkout a version of a file using a git log to find out the hash-id (for example 3cdc61015724f9965575ba954c8cd4232c8b42e4) and then you simply type:
git checkout hash-id path-to-file
Here is an actual example:
git checkout 3cdc61015724f9965575ba954c8cd4232c8b42e4 /var/www/css/page.css
5
 - 13
 You can use a tag or branch name, too, not just the hash. Those are often easier. Apr 17, 2015 at 22:27
 - 4
 Good solution. But if path-to-file is a directory, and current HEAD contains certain file while target does not, (or vice versa), this will not correctly update the file. Is there a way to handle?
 – MasterMind
 Mar 14, 2018 at 6:32
 - 2
 Simpler and better. Thanks!
 – Kerem atam
 Jun 1, 2018 at 9:28
 - error: pathspec. Is the path the path on the local PC or the path on the remote PC? Feb 6, 2020 at 12:44
 - 1
 @PaulMcCarthy - local
 – techexpert
 Feb 12, 2020 at 18:09
98
Normally it's not possible to download just one file from git without downloading the whole repository as suggested in the first answer. It's because Git doesn't store files as you think (as CVS/SVN do), but it generates them based on the entire history of


Searches
Contents
sm1252sp1
Contents
You can search LDAP directories and ODBC directories. You search an organization using one of the search... methods in the class SmDmsOrganization.
You define a search using the following objects:
 - SmDmsSearch to set search parameters such as the search starting point, the maximum number of records to retrieve, and the search filter. The following sections describe the use of this object.
 - SmDmsCursor to define optional sorting and paging preferences.
You can specify the search parameters to use when searching the directory. There are two times when you can specify search parameters:
 - When you create the search object
 - After you create the search object
You can use either option or both options. They are not mutually exclusive.
Set Search Parameters When Creating the Search Object
To specify a search parameter when you create a search object, pass one or more search parameter names to the constructor of the SmDmsSearch class.
There are some search parameters that you cannot specify during creation of the search object—for example, scope. The constructor for the SmDmsSearch class accepts only the following search parameters:
 - filter
 - root
 - propertyNames
 - maxItems
You can create an SmDmsSearch object without passing any search parameters to the constructor.
Set Search Parameters After Creating the Search Object
After a search object is created, you can use the set... methods in the SmDmsSearch class to:
 - Set additional search parameters.
 - Reset search parameters that you set when the search object was created.
By using the set... methods, you can set or reset any of the parameters shown in the following table:
Parameter
Default
Set Method
Definition
classId
Unknown (not set yet)
setClassId()
Class identifier.
filter
" "
setFilter()
Search filter, or the string you want to find.
Can also be set when the search object is created.
maxItems
50
setMaxItems()
Maximum number of result set items to display at a time.
Can also be set when the search object is created.
nMaxResults
-1
setMaxResults()
Maximum number of items for the result set.
For example, if nMaxResults is 500, but 750 items match the search criteria, only the first 500 matches will be returned from the search.
nextItem
-1
setNextItem()
The item to start with on the next search forward—for example:
nextItem += maxItems
previousItem
-1
setPreviousItem()
The item to start with on the next search backward—for example:
previousItem-=maxItems
propertyNames
null
setPropertyNames()
Properties to return from the search.
Can also be set when the search object is created.
root
" "
setRoot()
Directory entry where the search should start.
Can also be set when the search object is created.
Valid for LDAP searches only.
scope
None
setScope()
Levels searched.
For LDAP searches only.
timeout
-1
setTimeout()
Maximum duration of the search, in seconds.
Set the Search Filter
The search filter defines the items you want to retrieve in the search. You can set the search filter through an SmDmsSearch constructor or through the SmDmsSearch method setFilter().
The search filter is described differently for LDAP directories and ODBC directories.
Set the Search Filter for LDAP Directories
With LDAP directories, you provide a complete LDAP search filter in the
filter
parameter of an SmDmsSearch constructor or setFilter() method. For example, if you pass
filter
and
root
to the SmDmsSearch constructor to search the organization swdev.com for groups, you could specify the following:
SmDmsSearch search = new SmDmsSearch (
"(&(objectclass=organizationalUnit) (ou=groups))",
"o=swdev.com");
Set the Search Filter for ODBC Directories
A search of an ODBC directory is performed through a SQL query. The DMS API supports the SQL SELECT statement.
The information you provide in the search filter depends on whether your search uses an SmDmsCursor object to provide sorting and paging operations:
 - With ODBC searches that do not pass an SmDmsCursor object to the search method, use a fully defined SQL SELECT statement in the search filter.
 - With ODBC searches that do pass an SmDmsCursor object to the search method, use a partial SQL SELECT statement in the search filter, consisting only of FROM and WHERE clauses.
With ODBC database searches that pass an SmDmsCursor object to the search method, the DMS API constructs the complete SQL SELECT statement from various sources, as follows:
 - The FROM and WHERE clauses are taken from the
 filter
 parameter of an SmDmsSearch constructor or setFilter() method.
 - The SELECT
 columns
 portion of the query is taken from attributes specified in either of the following parameters:
 - The
 propertyNames
 parameter of setPropertyNames(). These attributes are used when an SmDmsSearch object is passed to one of the search methods in SmDmsOrganization.
 - The
 attrNames
 parameter of a getGroups() or getMembers() method.
 - The ORDER BY
 keywords
 portion is taken from the orderof the attributes you specify in the
 sort
 parameter of the SmDmsCursor constructor.
Consider the following code fragment:
String DIR_ROOT = "root";
String SRCH_FILTER ="from SmGroup";
SmDmsSearch search = new SmDmsSearch(SRCH_FILTER);
String[] prop = {"Name", "'Group' as Class"};
search.setPropertyNames(prop);
Vector SortOrder = new Vector();
SortOrder.add("uid");
SmDmsCursor cursor = new SmDmsCursor(SortOrder,blockSize,false,true);
The DMS API uses the information in the previous example to build the following SQL statement:
SELECT Name, 'Group' AS Class FROM SmGroup ORDER BY uid ASC
Code Source
Portion of SQL Statement
SRCH_FILTER parameter of SmDmsSearch constructor
from SmGroup
SortOrder
parameter of SmDmsCursor constructor
order by uid asc
prop
parameter of setPropertyNames()
select Name, 'Group' as Class
Search an Organization
In the DMS API, searches are performed on an organization object.
To search an organization:
 1. Create a search object. This search object holds the search parameters.
 For example, the following SmDmsSearch constructor call creates a search object to search for groups. The
 root
 parameter specifies a start point of o=swdev.org.
 SmDmsSearch mySearch = new SmDmsSearch (
 "(&(objectclass=organizationalUnit) (ou=groups))",
 "o=swdev.org");
 The root is the top level of the
 CA Single Sign-On
 user directory to search. It is not necessarily the top level of the entire directory structure.
 Use the set... methods in the SmDmsSearch class to set any other search parameters—for example:
 mySearch.setScope(2);
 2. Optionally, define sorting and paging preferences in the SmDmsCursor object.
 3. Call the search() method in class SmDmsOrganization on the organization you want to search—for example:
 result = targetOrg.search (mySearch, 1);
 The second parameter of the search() method indicates the direction to search, as shown in the following table:
Direction
Integer Value
Reset
0
Forward
1
Back
2
Refresh
3
 1. To get the items returned from the search, call getResults() on the search object—for example:
 Vector mySearchResults = search.getResults();
 The first element of the results vector contains the search parameters in a SmDmsSearchResultParams object. The remaining elements are SmDmsObject objects. To distinguish object types, the
 classId
 attribute of each object is set through the setClassId() method. For example, if the
 classId
 is DMSOBJECT_CLASS_USER, the object is a user. If the classId is DMSOBJECT_CLASS_GROUP, the object is a group.
Examples of a Search
The following example searches an organization using the search parameters set through the search.set... methods below. The results of the forward search are assigned to the vector
vsearch
and are printed along with the search parameters.
SmDmsContext dmsContext = new SmDmsContext();
SmDmsDirectory dmsDir = dmsContext.getDmsDirectory();
SmApiResult result = new SmApiResult();
SmDmsOrganization org = dmsDir.newOrganization (DIR_ROOT);
// Search
SmDmsOrganization test = org.newOrganization("");
SmDmsSearch search = new SmDmsSearch ("(&(objectclass=organizationalUnit) (ou=groups))", "o=sw


An economic index for measuring firm's circularity: The case of water industry
Bassam Kayal, Diana Abu-Ghunmi, Lina Abu-Ghunmi, Andreas Archenti, Mihai Nicolescu, Charles Larkin, Shaen Corbet
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Transition toward circular-economy model is a must to sustain the planet resources. Under circular economy model wastewater is transformed from a waste into a resource. Therefore, a comprehensive circular economy index; the Circonomics Index, is proposed to measure circularity of wastewater industry. The component indicators of the index are linked directly to the three Rs; reduce, reuse and recycle, of circular economy. The novelty of the proposed Index is that it uses objectively constructed weights that reflect the environmental benefits of the treatment process, and the index captures the reuse and recycling efficiency of an WWTP, which reflect the specific nature of wastewater. The findings show that treatment technology is a major factor in determining the production efficiency, reuse rate and recycling performance of a WWTP. The results of using the Circonomics Index have profound implication for policy makers to speed up the process of moving to a circular economy.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)123-129
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance
Early online date28 Nov 2018
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 28 Nov 2018
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'An economic index for measuring firm's circularity: The case of water industry'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
Volume of Prisms & Cylinders Examples
With a rectangular prism it doesn't matter which face you say is the base, your answer will turn out the same.
Let's say the bottom face is the base (the one it's sitting on):
With a triangular prism, the bases are the parallel sides (where the triangles are).
The base of this prism is a trapezoid.
A cylinder is pretty much a prism since it has parallel bases. In this example the diameter of the circle is given. As we discussed earlier, the radius is half the diameter.


New screening of cold-air outbreak regions used in 4D-Var all-sky assimilation
Title
New screening of cold-air outbreak regions used in 4D-Var all-sky assimilation
Report
Date Published
02/2015
Series/Collection
EUMETSAT/ECMWF Fellowship Programme Research Reports
Document Number
35
Author
Event Series/Collection
EUMETSAT/ECMWF Fellowship Programme
Abstract In this study a new filter for biases in cold-air outbreak (CAO) regions is introduced, which is applied before assimilating microwave radiances using the all-sky approach. In cold-air outbreaks, observed microwave imager radiances are typically warmer than the corresponding model radiances. The low model radiances are believed to be caused by a higher ratio of frozen to liquid cloud water compared to what has been observed. A filter is applied to reject observations from CAO areas as the assimilation of them would degrade the analysis. The current filter also rejects some unbiased microwave imager/sounder radiances, whereas the new filter identifies CAO areas more precisely using predictors of stability and the ratio between liquid and total cloud water. Using the new filter increases the amount of microwave imager data by 1.5% in the winter hemisphere, which corresponds to 0.4% globally. This has a neutral impact on the forecast scores for humidity, temperature and wind, proving that the new filter works well in detecting systematically biased data from CAO regions while rejecting less unbiased data.
URL _URL_


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The effect of wind speed fluctuations on the performance of a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination
Park, Gavin L.
Richards, Bryce S.
MetadataShow full item record
A wind-powered reverse osmosis membrane (wind-membrane) system without energy storage was tested using synthetic brackish water (2750 and 5500 mg/L NaCl) over a range of simulated wind speeds under both steady-state and fluctuating conditions. The parameters varied were: i) average wind speed from 3.7 (system start-up) to 8.7 m/s; ii) wind turbulence intensity from 0.0 (steady-state conditions) to 0.6 (extreme fluctuations); and iii) period of oscillation from 15 to 90 s. With a feed water of 2750 mg/L NaCl, the wind-membrane system produced good-quality permeate (<600 mg/L) over the full range of wind speeds and fluctuations. The system performance (in terms of permeate flux and NaCl concentration) at average wind speeds of 7.0 m/s or more was unaffected by fluctuations up to a turbulence intensity of 0.4 and was independent of the period of fluctuation within this operating range. With a feed water of 5500 mg/L NaCl an average wind speed of 7.0 m/s or more was required to produce adequate-quality permeate (<1000 mg/L) under fluctuating conditions. It is concluded that this wind-membrane system can be operated within a safe operating window with large power fluctuations, but further control strategies are required to deal with intermittent operation, especially with higher salinity feed waters.


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Challenges of Sustainable Construction in Kuwait: Investigating level of Awareness of Kuwait Stakeholders
Buildings and associated construction methods have a significant impact on the environment. As construction activity increases in Kuwait, there is a need to create design and construction strategies which will minimize the environmental impact of new buildings. Green construction is a design philosophy intended to improve the sustainability of construction by the minimization of resource depletion and CO2 emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings. This paper presents and discusses the results of a survey that was conducted in Kuwait, with the objective of investigating the awareness of developers and other stakeholders regarding their understanding and use of green construction strategies. The results of the survey demonstrate that whilst there seems to be a reasonable level of awareness amongst the stakeholders, this awareness is not currently well reflected in the design and construction practices actually being applied. It is therefore concluded is there is a pressing need for intervention from Government in order that the use of sustainable green design and construction strategies becomes the norm in Kuwait.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): _URL_.5281/zenodo.1057379Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2515
 Ding, G.K.C., Sustainable construction--The role of environmental assessment tools. Journal of Environmental Management, 2008. 86(3): p. 451-464.
 Wang, W., R. Zmeureanu, and H. Rivard, Applying multi-objective genetic algorithms in green building design optimization. Building and Environment, 2005. 40(11): p. _PHONE_.
 Abidin, N.Z., Sustainable Construction in Malaysia -Developers- Awareness, in International Journal of Social Sciences. 2010.
 Kibert, C.J., ed. Sustainable Construction - Green Building Design and Delivery. 2nd Edition ed. 2007, John Wiley & Sons.
 Reeves, J.e., Making Energy Work. 2002: London: Caspian.
 Ali, H.H. and S.F. Al Nsairat, Developing a green building assessment tool for developing countries - Case of Jordan. Building and Environment, 2009. 44(5): p. _PHONE_.
 White paper on sustainability, W., White Paper on sutainability 2003 : A Report on the Green Building Movement 2003.
 Glavinich, T., Contractor's guide to green building construction: management, project delivery, documentation, and risk reduction, illustrated, Editor. 2008, John Wiley and Sons.
 Hwang, B.-G. and J.S. Tan, Green building project management: obstacles and solutions for sustainable development. Sustainable development, 2010.
 Hill, R.C. and P.A. Bowen, Sustainable construction: principles and a framework for attainment. Construction Management and Economics, 1997. 15(3): p. 223 ÔÇö 239.
 Ofori, G., Greening the construction supply chain in Singapore. European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 2000. 6(3-4): p. 195-206.
 Kibert, C., Sustainable Construction - Green Building Design and Delivery. 2nd Edition ed. 2005: John Wiley & Sons.
 Larsson, N., Green Building Challenge '98: international strategic considerations. Building Research and Information 1998. 26 (2): p. 118-121.
 Johnson, S., ed. Greener Buildings: Environmental Impact of Property. Basingstoke., ed. MacMillan. 1993.
 CIA, The World Factbook- kuwait in 2009.
 CSO , T.c.s.o., Statistics Publication. 2009, Kuwait
 Global Investment House, Global investment report, Global Newsletters. 2011: Kuwait
 Ofori, G., Challenges of Construction Industries in Developing Countries: Lessons from Various Countries, in International Conference on Construction Industry. 1999: Gaborone.


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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Bob (plural Bobs)
- A generic male person.
- (cryptography, physics, etc.) A placeholder name for the person or system receiving a message or signal from a source conventionally known as Alice.
Despite being used as a common noun, the word is typically still treated as a name and left capitalized.
person or system receiving a message


text:
The NAFEA COVID-19 Project Grant provides funding for NAFEA members to undertake projects in the area of work-integrated learning. Applications are invited on topics related to one of the following themes:
- Development of resources that support the COVID-19 recovery process. Resources may target students, industry partners/organisations and/or supervisors on placement;
- COVID-19 related WIL risk management, with a particular focus on issues related to diversity, equity and inclusion;
- Self-care and well-being of students, staff and industry/community partners related to COVID-19, including supporting students with mental health conditions
For eligibility criteria, see the guidelines.
Applications Close: 7 July 2020


text:
Young herring are known as "brit." As the larvae metamorphose into the juvenile brit, their scales deepen and flatten, and they are no longer transparent as they begin to resemble a miniature version of the adult fish.
From their earliest stage, the silvery, blue-green brit form schools and migrate towards the shore, heading to the surface of the water at night to feed on zooplankton. Since they are a major food source of many predators, they are commonly found hiding under docks and piers. In colder months, the young herring head into deeper waters and spend their time close to the bottom.


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Best answer
Role of Beacon frames in 802.11:
- The access points (APs) has to broadcast the beacon frames periodically over one of the 11 channels, according to the 802.11 standard.
- A beacon frame carries service set identifier (SSID) and medium access control (MAC) address of an AP.
- When a wireless station enters into a Wi-Fi jungle (which is formed by two or more APs), it scans 11 channels and seeks beacon frames from different APs.
- After knowing available APs through beacon frames, wireless station can associate with one of the available APs.
Therefore, the role of a beacon frame is to help a wireless station to discover and identify a nearby Access point (AP) to associate with it.
If you found this answer helpful, please upvote and share with other students in your network.
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Welcome to CPEN Talk
Chuck Norris is the ultimate mutex, all threads fear him.


text:
- The act of wavering or of fluttering; flucuation; sudden
and brief increase of brightness; as, the last flicker of the dying
flame. - The golden-winged woodpecker (Colaptes aurutus); -- so
called from its spring note. Called also yellow-hammer, high-holder,
pigeon woodpecker, and yucca.
2. Flicker
[ v. i.]
- To flutter; to flap the wings without flying. - To waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current of air,
or when about to expire; as, the flickering light.


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The Death Defier, or Diablero, is a creature who once was human but who acquired magical powers that allowed it to escape death. But maybe death is a better fate than to live as a death defier–a collection of bones and will, memories and hate. The diablero is a creature who takes its energy from the living things it kills.
When some strange deaths occur on Ocracoke Island and in the Great Dismal Swamp, newspaper reporter Hunter Singleton is assigned to the story. Investigating the murders brings him back into contact with his estranged wife, Lisa, but also with his old friend, Jason Summerfield, a museum curator in Pasquotank County. Summerfield tells Hunter the legend of Blackbeard's involvement with the black arts and the strange circumstances of the pirate's death. Meanwhile, in Virginia, an antiques dealer makes a pact with a diablero that sends the creature back to the Carolinas where Hunter and his allies try to end the killings. This is a tale of magic, greed, betrayal, and revenge.
Check this title's availability in the UNC-Chapel Library.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Question: What Instruments Are Used In Middle Eastern Music?
What is an Arab flute called?
In Romanian, the word nai is also applied to a curved pan flute while an end-blown flute resembling the Arab ney is referred to as caval..
What is the Arabic drum called?
DarbukaThe Darbuka (also known as Doumbek, Tablah, or Derbeke) is the most iconic percussion instrument in middle-eastern music, and has been played by drummers for over 100 years. The name "Darbuka" most likely came from the word "daraba", which means "to strike" in Arabic.
What instrument is more than 3000 years?
TrumpetsTutankhamun's Trumpets. The pair of trumpets from Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb are believed to be the oldest playable trumpets in the world. These trumpets are the only ones that have survived from ancient Egypt and are over 3,000 years old.
Which Arab country has the best music?
EgyptEgyptian music is, by far, the most popular type of music among Egyptians (98%), and music from Egypt is also enjoyed by a majority of listeners in Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Tunisia (75%, 61%, and 61%).
What is a maqam in music?
Arabic maqam (Arabic: مقام, romanized: maqām, literally "place"; pl. مقامات maqāmāt) is the system of melodic modes used in traditional Arabic music, which is mainly melodic. The word maqam in Arabic means place, location or position. The Arabic maqam is a melody type.
How do you play Ney flute?
To play the ney flute, you keep the ney 10 cm far from your lips, your head looks forward. And then you whistle, you close the ney to your lips. The headpiece called baspare covers your lips and you blow to the opened side. Practicing this, again and again, might help those who cannot make a sound with their ney flute.
What form is often used in Arab music?
Although any melodic instrument can be used to perform taqsīm, those most often used in Arabic music are the ʿūd (short-necked lute), buzuq (long-necked lute), and qānūn (plucked dulcimer) and in Turkish music, the ney (end-blown flute).
What is the most natural instrument?
human voiceThe human voice is the first and most natural musical instrument, also the most emotional.
Which is the oldest instrument?
Where did the goblet drum come from?
The origin of the term Darbuka probably lies in the Arabic word "daraba" ("to strike"). They have been around for thousands of years, used in Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian cultures. Goblet drums were seen in Babylonia and Sumer, from as early as 1100 BCE.
Who invented the darbuka?
Misirli AhmetMisirli Ahmet from Turkey invented a new style called Split Hand 20 years ago, using the individual fingers to attain unprecedented dexterity and speed. This prompted a "darbuka revolution" in Turkey, and nowadays there are incredible virtuosic players in Turkey, Misirli Ahmet, Bünyamin Olguncan, and Suat Borozan.
Where did Middle Eastern music originate?
The oldest system of music in Middle East was called the Khosravani. It was developed by Barbad, a musician of the courts of the king. The origins of Persian music are recorded to have existed even before Islam. There are drawings of people playing the harp and huge tambourines, which is the only evidence of the music.
Who invented music?
PythagorasThey usually put forward several answers, including crediting a character from the Book of Genesis named Jubal, who was said to have played the flute, or Amphion, a son of Zeus, who was given the lyre. One popular story from the Middle Ages credits the Greek philosopher Pythagoras as the inventor of music.
What instrument is used in Arabic music?
The traditional Arabic music ensemble is known as Takht (literally bed) and consists of 4 main melodic instruments: Oud, Nay, Qanun and violin, and one main percussion instrument (riq). Sometimes the riq is supplemented/substituted with the tabla.
What makes Middle Eastern music unique?
What makes Middle Eastern music different? Some factors include the use of micro-tones, absence of chords or harmony, the distinctive rhythms used, and use of improvisation.
What is Middle Eastern music called?
maqam) or modes (also known as makam in Turkish music). … The early Arabs translated and developed Greek texts and works of music and mastered the musical theory of the music of ancient Greece (i.e.
What instruments are used in world music?
10 World Instruments Worth KnowingQanun (or Kanun) The qanun is a Middle Eastern string instrument. … Tama. Often called the "talking drum", the tama has an hourglass shape, scalable pitch, and is held under the player's arm. … Sarod. … Shamisen. … Bansuri. … Irish Bouzouki. … Duduk. … Hang.More items…•
Is Drum allowed in Islam?
There are some Muslims who believe drums are permissible, but no other instruments. Still other Muslims believe that all instruments are allowed, provided they are used for acceptable or halal types of music. … The vast majority don't have a problem with music, it's just this minority that happens to be very, very loud.
What is the difference between Western and Eastern music?
A major difference between Western music and Middle Eastern music is that Western music tends to be based on a scale (sometimes called a key), while Oriental music is based on a maqam. … It also consists of a melody scrap based on certain key notes from that scale and a certain tendency of movement.
What scale does Middle Eastern music use?
The Persian scale is a musical scale occasionally found in guitar scale books, along other scales inspired by Middle Eastern music. It is characterized by the liberal use of half steps (4), augmented seconds (2), and frequent use of chromaticism.
Which instrument is mostly used in Pakistani music?
Rabaab—a plucked lute with gut strings is the most distinctive instrument of northern Pakistan and Kashmir. Tabla—a pair of hand drums that contrast in sound and size. The tabla are among the most popular percussion instruments used in Pakistani music—traditional, religious, and popular.


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When planning an event, it's crucial to ensure that all attendees, including those with disabilities, have equal access to essential facilities. Portable restrooms play a vital role in providing sanitation solutions, but traditional units may not fully meet the needs of individuals with disabilities. This is where ADA portable restroom trailers come in. In this blog post, we will discuss the advantages of ADA portable restroom trailers and how they make events more accessible for everyone.
Understanding ADA Compliance
Before diving into the advantages of ADA portable restroom trailers, it's important to understand ADA compliance. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in various areas, including public accommodations. By adhering to ADA guidelines, event organizers can ensure equal access for all attendees, regardless of their physical abilities.
Advantages of ADA Portable Restroom Trailers
1. Wheelchair Accessibility
One of the primary advantages of ADA portable restroom trailers is their wheelchair accessibility. These trailers are specifically designed to accommodate individuals with mobility challenges. They feature wider doors and spacious interiors that can easily accommodate wheelchairs and mobility devices. With ramps and non-slip flooring, these trailers provide a safe and convenient restroom experience for individuals using wheelchairs.
2. Grab Bars and Handrails
ADA portable restroom trailers are equipped with strategically placed grab bars and handrails to ensure stability and support for individuals with disabilities. These features allow users to safely navigate within the restroom trailer, providing them with the necessary assistance and preventing falls or accidents. The presence of grab bars and handrails is essential for individuals who may have difficulty with balance or require additional support while using the facilities.
3. Height-Adjusted Fixtures
Another significant advantage of ADA portable restroom trailers is the inclusion of height-adjusted fixtures. These trailers are designed with sinks, mirrors, and toilets at appropriate heights, making it easier for individuals with disabilities to use them comfortably and independently. Height-adjusted fixtures ensure that individuals using wheelchairs or with limited mobility can reach and use the facilities without assistance, promoting independence and dignity.
4. Spacious Design
ADA portable restroom trailers offer a spacious and open design to accommodate individuals with disabilities. The larger interior allows for maneuverability and ample space to navigate, especially for individuals using mobility aids or requiring assistance from caregivers. The spacious design also benefits individuals with claustrophobia or anxiety, providing a more comfortable and accessible restroom experience.
5. Family-Friendly Features
In addition to catering to the needs of individuals with disabilities, ADA portable restroom trailers also include family-friendly features. These features include changing stations for parents with infants or young children, ensuring that families have accessible and convenient facilities at the event. The inclusion of family-friendly features promotes inclusivity and creates a welcoming environment for attendees of all ages.
ADA portable restroom trailers are a game-changer when it comes to making events more accessible for individuals with disabilities. These trailers offer numerous advantages, from wheelchair accessibility to grab bars, height-adjusted fixtures, and spacious designs. By providing equal access to restrooms, event organizers can create an inclusive and welcoming environment, ensuring that everyone can fully participate in the event. ADA portable restroom trailers not only meet the requirements of ADA compliance but also demonstrate a commitment to accessibility for all attendees, regardless of their abilities.
Got Questions? Let Us Help!
Welcome to Johnny on the Spot! Established in 1990, Johnny on the Spot has been the premier provider for portable restroom rentals throughout Napa and Solano counties. We have basic stationery units, ADA accessible units, single mobile units, deluxe fresh flush units, VIP solar-powered units, and free-standing handwash stations. Our portable units are perfect for special events like weddings, festivals, sporting events, and casual gatherings. They are also ideal for construction and remodeling sites. In addition to restroom rentals, we also provide RV restroom servicing and customer-owned portable restroom servicing. At Johnny on the Spot, we are dedicated to providing our customers with quality and reliable service. Call us today!


How to create conditional thankyou page redirect logic?
Question: How to create conditional thankyou page redirect logic?
 In the custom type of form, we have a feature to change thankyou page redirect depending on 'IF' State conditions. Follow the steps for guidance –
 Step 1. Log in to your Shopify store and navigate to Apps > Form Builder.
 Step 2. Create or edit a custom form.
 Step 3. Navigate to Form Settings -> Conditions -> Conditional Redirect
 Step 4. Click on the "Add New Rule" button to create a new rule for conditional redirects.
 You can create a rule for the following conditions
 - First Name
 - Last Name
 - Email
 And apply the following check
 - Equals To
 - Greater Than
 - Less Than
 - Has Value
 Step 5. After creating a rule, click on the "Save" button to save the settings.
 If you want to redirect all customers whose first name is John to a different thank you page. So you can create a rule as follows
 If First Name Is Equals To Value John Then Redirect URL https://yourstore/thankyoupage-for-john
 Did this article answer your question?


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The OPTi project will take the following approach to find new ways to the design and operation of district heating and cooling systems
We will start out from state-of-the-art technologies and will conduct research beyond state of the art. Combining the shadow of a DHC system OPTi-Sim with representations of the control mechanisms (DCS system) and interface them with the real physical system, yields the OPTi framework.
Engineering tools for the design of new and the re-design of existing DHC systems will be developed and demonstrated on real-life pilots, where OPTi-Sim will play an integral role in the validation. For the design of control mechanisms, optimization-based control methods will be extended and automated heat Demand Response schemes will be design which exploit passive heat storage capabilities.
End-consumers will be involved in the optimal DHC system operation, by analysing and determining consumers' temperature comfort perception, using the new concept of the Virtual knob.
Last but not least, creativity and innovation will be enhanced through gender perspective.


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The Public Works Academy offers the Basic Maintenance of Traffic class. This class is often referred to as the Flagger Class and is required by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) for anyone performing flagging duties. Please note that this certificate does not permit the maintenance or set up of work zones/temporary traffic control zones. For this level training, please visit the Intermediate Maintenance of Traffic class.
The Basic Maintenance of Traffic class, often referred to as Flagger Training, addresses traffic safety topics including fundamental principles of flagging and Part 6E of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices,
Cards and Certificates can be printed out at motadmin.com.


Quick Answer: What Is A Tribune Gallery?
What was the difference between a tribune and a dictator?
Only a dictator was exempt from these powers..
Who was the first dictator of Rome?
A gallery is an area of a building that's usually long, narrow, and has a specific function. … There are a few kinds of galleries, but the first is a part of a house or building that's unusually long and narrow.
What is higher than a centurion?
Primus Pilus were also paid more than an average centurion and like a narrowband tribune. … This rank is senior to all other centurions, save the primus pilus and pilus prior. Other centurions: Each legion had 59 or 60 centurions, one to command each century of the 10 cohorts.
What is a clerestory?
1 : an outside wall of a room or building that rises above an adjoining roof and contains windows.
Generically speaking a gallery is a platform, raised above the church floor. Galleries were often located at the west end of the church, over the west door, and used to house musicians or singers performing during church services. For this reason they are sometimes called minstrel's galleries or musician's galleries.
What is a Triforium in architecture?
Triforium, in architecture, space in a church above the nave arcade, below the clerestory, and extending over the vaults, or ceilings, of the side aisles. … The triforium became an integral part of church design during the Romanesque period, serving to light and ventilate the roof space.
What does Triforium mean?
: a gallery forming an upper story to the aisle of a church and typically an arcaded story between the nave arches and clerestory.
What is the title of a dictator?
Most commonly the title is a form of "leader" or "guide", such as "Supreme Leader". See dictatorship.
a large room or building used for photography, target practice, or other special purposes: a shooting gallery. a collection of art for exhibition.
What was a tribune in the Roman Empire?
Tribune was a title of various offices in ancient Rome, the two most important of which were the tribuni plebis and tribuni militum. The military tribunes were responsible for many administrative and logistics duties, and could lead a section of a legion under a consul, or even command one alone on the battlefield.
What were Roman soldiers called?
legionariesThe main Roman soldiers were called legionaries and they had to be Roman citizens to join. This didn't mean they had to live in Rome though – many soldiers joined from across the Roman Empire including Africa, Britain, France, Germany, Spain, the Balkans and the Middle East.
What is an ambulatory in architecture?
What rank is a Tribune?
A military tribune (Latin tribunus militum, "tribune of the soldiers", Greek chiliarchos, χιλίαρχος) was an officer of the Roman army who ranked below the legate and above the centurion. Young men of Equestrian rank often served as military tribune as a stepping stone to the Senate.
Is a prefect higher than a centurion?
The camp Prefect. Generally he was a long serving veteran who had been promoted through the ranks of the centurions and was 3rd in overall command.
What is rib vault in architecture?
A rib vault or ribbed vault is an architectural feature for covering a wide space, such as a church nave, composed of a framework of crossed or diagonal arched ribs.
What is a Tribune?
A tribune was someone in the government of ancient Rome who looked out for ordinary people, in other words, an elected representative. Tribune is also a word that newspapers like, such as the "Chicago Tribune" or the "Des Moines Tribune." There are many types of tribunes, but the earliest dates from ancient Rome.


text:
with inspections from observations:(10)where two sets of inspection data is proposed, and and denote the metal loss at the observation year . Compared with SVCT model, which is short for Single value corrosion growth model , the linear growth rate model is tested to be more accurate . The corrosion growth used in SVCR model is also set to be the recommended value of NACE, i.e. 0.44 mm/year or 16 miles/year. This value is determined by an average of tracked inspections of defect depths in the evolution period to be analyzed. Thus, SVCR is a limited linear model with special application environment where the effect of age and corrosion depth can be ignored. The linear corrosion growth model is often regarded as signal matching from two runs of inspection signals. The pipeline corrosion growth rate can be very high if inspected for the severe corrosion conditions.
Meanwhile, another consideration in determining the growth rate is to check whether the observed features are occurred since the installation period or in the operation period. Generally, corrosion is considered to take place after oil or gas is transported through the target surface area in the operation life. It has been found in that in some cases the corrosion growth will be speeded up after certain years of operation, which can be represented by a much higher corrosion growth rate calculated from the two inspections in a continuing period. An explanation is also provided in this paper for this inequivalent rate of new features that there is an inspection threshold of the tool and the initial defect may be not captured and recorded as zero. It has been proved that if correction on this issue has been performed, the corrosion rate increasing will be reduced to an acceptable and reliable speed. Corrosion rate resulting from equation (10) has been found to follow a normal distribution with the mean equal to the estimated value used in equation (9).
In reliability estimation of the buried oil pipelines, corrosion rate should be considered to follow certain distribution laws. However, if linear corrosion growth model is applied, the difference between one defect and another is only in the mean value but the standard deviation depends just on the measurement tools errors. To handle this problem, the non-linear model should be taken into consideration in the pipeline operation evaluations. A common used model is proposed in :(11)where t denotes the current time, denotes the initial corrosion time and are two parameters representing soil and pipe properties. The challenge faced by this model stands on the existence of two ILI data sets which are not frequently used in companies.
Uncertainties can happen easily in realistic pipeline corrosion cases due to the complex and various working conditions and surrounding subsurface environments. Probability estimations become an effective approach by the statistic studies to describe the corrosion conditions in the buried pipelines. Generally, the data are assumed to be homogenous and the outside environment are set as consistent in the process.
A Markov model with continuous time and non-homogenous linear growth can be introduced in the modeling of buried oil and gas pipelines. By analyzing the observations of surrounding soil properties and coating types, corrosion evolution and rate distributions can be predicted using this model. Advantages of this model stand on the simple requirements of initial pitting depth distribution and soil-pipe parameters included in the model.
To mathematically model the Markov model, we first define a term as the probability of the corrosion depth in a state at time equal to or less than m. Afterwards, the probability at time t with corrosion depth equal to or less than n can be calculated as:(12)with the term can be calculated as:(13)where and denote the nonlinear corrosion evolution in an underground pipeline, denotes the time when the initial corrosion condition is observed. The defect age and size may effect both the mean and variance of the corrosion depth distribution, which ensures that the Markov model can preserve more realistic soil and pipe properties and improve the reliability of its prediction. It has been found in previous literature that the incubation time of pipeline metal losses can always be chosen as 2.8 years, which is verified to be the mean beginning time of pitting for a wide class of soil types . The corrosion rate distribution can be calculated as :(14)where t is the time and N is the total Markov states numbers.
Monte–Carlo (MC) method is well-known as a representative probabilistic parametric uncertainty investigation method, while the classic MC is often used as an uncertainty analysis to modify a deterministic calculation based on the ability to predict the probability of the nominal point to be at the alternative possible values. MC is sometimes more preferred due to the main advantage that no complicated mathematical analysis is required. In the meantime, the main shortage of MC method stands on the prolonged CPU time needed for getting an acceptable population statistical analysis. The corrosion rate is obtained by discrete random numbers generated in the model. An improved probability distribution is introduced in to identify the corrosion initial time and the estimated corrosion depth data using the MC method is treated with 80% confidence.
Time Dependent Generalized Extreme Value Distribution model is proposed to specific soil properties collected in southern Mexico and the time-varying rate distribution model can be suitable for general textural soil class . A GEVD function is derived to express the distribution of corrosion pity growth rate along the subsurface oil and gas pipelines as:(15)where denotes the distribution variable, μ denotes the distribution location, σ is the distribution scale and ζ is the shape parameter. The parameters introduced in this time-dependent model vary with the actual pitting period and can be calculated by:(16)
Compared with TD-GEVD, parameters in GEV corrosion rate distribution function are set to be constant as inspected at the initial time in TI-GEVD. This model is also applied in previous studies and the result is also acceptable . Besides, it has been reported that the estimations using TI and TD-GEVD methods are similar to those of using Markov models for long intervals larger than 15 years.
Finite element method is an effective numerical algorithm to simulate corrosion process on buried pipelines and widely applied in researches [73–81]. Generally some assumptions are needed for a smooth and converged simulation, like linear-elastic property of the soil and elastic-plastic property of the pipelines. Besides, to focus on the corrosion propagation along the wall direction in pipe, the length of corrosion defect along the pipe direction is treated as unchanged. Another common seen pre-setting is a special treatment on boundary conditions, where an electrically isolated boundary is often set on the solution boundary and a free boundary is set for the steel/solution interface. A typical geometrical model is designed in 3D with corrosion defect reflected and simplification to 2D using symmetrical property, as shown in Figure 4 . The finite element grids can be generated both on pipe materials and surrounding soils, and a typical meshing is provided in using the commercial software ABAQUS (Fig. 5).
The geometrical model to calculate corrosion defect using FE simulation in : (a) 3D model and (b) 2D model.
A FE simulation is conducted in using COMSOL Multiphysics commercial software to study the corrosion with mechanic-electrical-chemical effect on X100 pipelines. Multiple physics are coupled, including various electrochemical reactions and stress analysis:
Mechanical elasto-plastic solid stress model:
where is defined as hardening function, is the experimental stress function, is the total effective strain, is plastic strain, is effective stress, is Young's modulus of 207 000 MPa and is elastic strain.
Electrochemical corrosion model:
where and denote the charge-transfer current density resulting from anodic and cathodic reactions respectively, and the subscript 0 denotes the exchange current density. denotes the electrode potential, where the subscript eq denotes the equilibrium conditions, which can be calculated as [82–85]:
where denotes the anodic reaction equilibrium potential under deformations and the superscripts e and p represent elastic and plastic deformations respectively. The superscript 0 here denotes the standard equilibrium condition and denotes the excess pressure which is equal to 1\3 of uniaxial tensile stress and the subscript means the elastic deformation limit . Other thermodynamic parameters used in the above equations include: steel molar volume , charge number , absolute temperature , Faraday's constant and orientation-dependent factor .
where denotes the hydrogen evolution exchange current density without strain or stress from outside, denotes von Mises stress calculating using FE method and denotes the cathodic Tafel slope .
where denotes the current field distribution, denotes a general source term, σ is conductivity, and the subscript k represents the index for solid or liquid respectively.
Finite element equation for integrity analysis is proposed in [77–80]:(23)where λ is the load factor, [K] is the stiffness matrices, [F] is the load matrix and [u] is the replacement matrices. Equation (23) can also be transformed into the stabilization algorithm as:(24)The viscous matrix [C] is sufficiently large to avoid instantaneous collapse.
Pipeline may corrode over time in the operation life, which challenges the safe and reliable transportations of oil and gas and causes serious environmental risks. It can be concluded that there remains a lot to investigate on the corrosion mechanisms and anti-corrosion techniques. Determination of the corrosion type is prior to the corrosion prediction and further anti-corrosion practice, but careful analysis should be conducted to consider specific factors and thorough conditions. Selection of the pipe steel should be conducted based on a balance between corrosion reaction rate and protective scale formation rate. Suitable coating and cathodic protection remain challenging for extreme working conditions and complex species of transported fluids. For cases needing heat transport, a best heating temperature should be determined to control the enhancement of electrochemical reaction at the same time of reducing the viscosity.
Through the literature review and analysis of


PHOTO: Canadian Fisherman Catches Extremely Rare, Intimidating-Looking Black Lobster
by Madison Miller
As it turns out, there's about 80% of our oceans unmapped and unexplored. This means that there are more than likely undiscovered creatures and organisms surviving right below where we as a society can reach them.
For one fisherman keeping busy at North Lake in Canada, he happened upon an extremely rare sight to see.
Instead of a traditional cherry red lobster, the fisherman caught a rare jet black lobster. The unique color adds a bit of a frightening feeling to the crustacean. It kind of looks like a giant scorpion in some ways, so pulling it out of the water was likely quite the surprise.
As one person commented on the tweet funnily, "Not my favorite of the Marvel spin offs."
While the black lobster is very rare, there are other variations swimming out in the water as well. For example, a split black and orange lobster went viral in 2019.
Where Did the Black Lobster End Up?
According to CNN, a fisherman caught the calico-colored lobster off the coast of Maine. This crustacean is split perfectly down the middle like it was handpainted. The black-and-orange creature is the result of a rare genetic aberration. This means it most definitely did not just end up at a local Red Lobster.
Instead, the fisherman donated it to the Maine Center for Coastal Fisheries. Here it shared a tank with three other rare lobsters — two orange lobsters with what looks like freckles and a dark blue lobster. Both are also incredibly rare.
The odds of catching one of these lobsters is about one in 50 million. This is the same odds as winning a Megabucks jackpot.
Rare Lemur Stolen
It's no secret that there's plenty of animals out there similar to the all black lobster — rare and exciting.
However, there are also many creatures that require protection. This is the case for the rare ring-tailed lemur that called the San Francisco Zoo home.
According to USA Today, a man from California broke into the zoo last year and proceeded to steal this animal. Luckily, the lemur, named Maki, was found safe in nearby Daly City a few days later.
The man responsible, Cory John McGilloway, has recently been charged with one misdemeanor count of violating the Endangered Species Act, which is a federal offense. Now he could be facing a year in prison as well as $50,000 for his crime.
The ring-tailed lemur is defined as endangered as the population of the animal is decreasing.
The El Paso Zoo in Texas also had an issue with a person breaking the rules. In May 2021, a woman trespassed into the spider monkey exhibit. The zoo found out about the incident from a video on social media that shows her under a waterfall trying to feed the monkeys.
The zoo decided to press charges against the woman. Her actions could have been detrimental for both her and the monkeys. The monkeys saw it as an intrusion into their territory.


How to Clean a Mountain Bike? Without Hose, Without Water
Are you an avid mountain biker looking for the best ways to keep your bike running smoothly without breaking out the hose or a bucket of water?
Maintaining your mountain bike is essential for its performance and longevity, but sometimes it can be tricky to keep it clean without making a mess. This blog post will give tips and tricks to clean your mountain bike without water or a hose.
Cleaning Without a Hose or Water
If you're an avid mountain biker, you know how important it is to keep your ride clean and well-maintained. After all, a clean and well-maintained bike will last longer and perform better than one that isn't taken care of.
But what if you don't have access to a hose or water? Does that mean you can't keep your mountain bike clean and well-maintained? The answer is no! There are several ways to clean a mountain bike without a hose or water.
The first and most basic way to clean your bike without a hose or water is to use a dry cloth or brush. You can remove dirt and debris from the frame and other components with a dry cloth or brush. You can also use a dry cloth to clean the chain and other metal components.
Check the manufacturer's instructions for the best way to clean the specific component.
You can also use a bicycle degreaser if you don't have access to a hose or water. Bicycle degreaser works to break down sticky and greasy grime that accumulates on your bike over time.
You can apply it directly to the frame, components, and chain and then use a dry cloth to wipe away the dirt and grease.
You can use a specialized bike polishing product to give your bike a nice shine. It's important to note that some polishes can be abrasive and damage the finish on your bike, so be sure to read the instructions carefully before using any product.
These are just a few ways to keep your mountain bike clean and well-maintained without a hose or water.
Always read the manufacturer's instructions for the best way to clean and maintain your bike. And, if you're unsure about anything, don't hesitate to take your bike to a professional bike mechanic for assistance.
Tools Needed
Cleaning a mountain bike without a hose or water may seem daunting, but it can be done with the right tools and a little know-how. Whether you're a weekend warrior, a professional racer, or a DIY enthusiast, having the right tools on hand is essential for keeping your ride in top condition.
You'll need a few basic items to get the job done right. A soft bristle brush, such as a toothbrush or a small paintbrush, is great for getting into the nooks and crannies of your mountain bike.
You'll also need a stiff brush for scrubbing away any caked-on dirt or grime. A soft cloth, like an old t-shirt or a microfiber cloth, is also useful for wiping away excess dirt and grime.
Finally, a pair of rubber gloves is essential for keeping your hands clean and protected while cleaning your bike.
Once you have the right cleaning tools, it's time to work. Start by brushing away any dirt and grime with your soft brush. Work in small circles to ensure you get into all the nooks and crannies.
After that, use your stiff brush to scrub away any caked-on dirt or grime. Finally, use a soft cloth to wipe away any excess dirt.
Once your mountain bike is clean, you can finish the job with light lubrication. Use a lubricant specifically designed for bicycles, such as a light oil, to keep your bike running smoothly.
Be sure to follow the directions on the product packaging for the best results.
Cleaning a mountain bike without a hose or water may seem daunting, but it can be done with the right tools and a little know-how.
The steps outlined above allow you to easily keep your mountain bike in top condition without a sweat. So, grab your cleaning tools and get to work – you'll be glad you did!
Preparation
With a little preparation and the right materials, you can get your mountain bike looking shiny and new without needing a hose and water. Here's how to do it.
Step 1: Preparation
Before you start cleaning your mountain bike, it's important to prepare the bike for the job properly. Make sure your bike is free from dirt and debris, and use a bike cleaning brush to remove any mud and grime.
Step 2: Degreasing
Once your bike is prepared, use a degreaser to remove any stubborn grease and oil. Many types of degreasers are available, so choose the right one for your bike.
Step 3: Washing
Next, you'll want to give your bike a good wash. Since you're not using a hose and water, use a high-quality bike wash. It's important to use a bike wash specifically designed for mountain bikes, as these types of washes deal with the dirt and grime that mountain bikes can create.
Step 4: Drying
After you've washed your bike, it's time to dry it off. Use a soft cloth to dry your bike, as harsh scrubbing can damage the frame.
Step 5: Waxing
To help protect your bike from the elements, you'll want to apply protective wax. This will help keep your bike looking shiny and new for longer.
Cleaning a mountain bike without a hose and water is possible, but it does require a bit of preparation and the right materials. By following these steps, you can clean your bike and look like new without needing a hose and water.
Conclusion
In conclusion, cleaning a mountain bike without a hose or water is possible. Following the steps outlined in this guide, you can easily and effectively clean your bike without having to worry about damaging the bike's components.
Regularly cleaning your bike is an important part of bike maintenance; with this guide, you can do it without using a hose or water.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best way to clean a mountain bike without a hose or water?
The best way to clean a mountain bike without a hose or water is to use a specialized bike cleaning product designed to clean without water. You can also clean your bike frame with a soft, dry cloth or a cotton swab.
What products should I use to clean a mountain bike without a hose or water?
You can use a specialized bike cleaning product, such as a citrus-based cleaner or a degreaser. You can also use a dry cloth or a cotton swab to remove dirt and grime from the frame.
What type of cloth should I use to clean my mountain bike?
A soft, non-abrasive cloth is best for cleaning a mountain bike. Microfiber cloths are a great option because they are gentle on the bike's components and do not leave lint or dirt particles behind.
Is it possible to clean my mountain bike without water or a hose?
Cleaning your mountain bike without using a hose or water is possible. Using a dry cloth to wipe away dirt and grime, a brush to remove caked-on mud and dirt, and a soft bristle brush to remove grease and oil can be effective. Additionally, you can purchase specialized bike cleaning products to help remove dirt and grime more efficiently.
What are the best methods for cleaning a mountain bike without a hose or water?
The best methods for cleaning a mountain bike without a hose or water include using a dry cloth to wipe away dirt and grime, using a brush to remove caked-on mud and dirt, and using a soft bristle brush to remove grease and oil.
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Kim Goodson
By Kim Goodson
Meet Kim Goodson, a car enthusiast, and expert in car accessories. With a passion for cars, Kim researches and tests different accessories to provide valuable insights to fellow car owners.
Into Vehicles is reader-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission.
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text:
in another class i used:
CoffeeCup original = new CoffeeCup();
original.add(75); // Original now contains 75 ml of coffee
CoffeeCup copy = (CoffeeCup) original.clone();
Now i got exact copy of CoffeeCup.
my question is: how the application is creating an subclass object(CoffeeCup) when I call super.clone().
As per my understanding if we call super.clone() that means we are calling Object.clone() -- if that is the case how it is creating the object of sub class?
Is there any underlying implementation that Object class uses for creating the subclass object?
All you need to know is that Object.clone() will simply create a new object of the exact same type (so in your case CoffeeCup) and copies all fields by using simple assignments. For example:
Line 11 could be replaced with the following:
There are three big differences though:
1) when you use Object.clone(), a sub class can call super.clone() and it will not return an instance of Test but an instance of that sub class.
2) Object.clone() does not call a constructor so no constructor code is executed
3) Object.clone() can also copy final fields


Posted By Tommy
Ray Kurzweil speaks
Interesting speech by Kurzweil on YouTube today.
Someone asked a question at the end, asking:
With the improvement in speed of digital bits (and the slower transfer within the human brain), one day soon it may be faster to communicate person to person than within your own body. What does this mean socially?
It's an interesting question, but I think it is not really a good question. Within the human body, most communication already takes place quite slowly, in the form of sending proteins and other chemicals around. In my opinion, normal speech already travels faster than the human circuitry. Does that mean that we are more communal than our bodies? Yes and no, of course. It means that things are different now because humans can talk. Will computers and digital communications mean differences in our society? I think yes, but not necessarily differences more than people's society is different from animals.
I mean, look at bees. They communicate and live a hive like existence. That is because their communication only works when they are basically touching each other. Unless people have to be touching each other, I disagree that digital communications will make us more like bees. I suggest it will make us less communal.
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The desire for a connection to nature reflects a basic human need and many studies have shown the healing and restorative power of nature in our lives.
Horticultural therapy is the process of connecting people with nature through plants and gardening in ways that are enjoyable and therapeutic. Many of our participants have been gardeners at some point in their lives. The horticultural therapy program at Life Enrichment Center offers them opportunities and freedom to garden again. Our gardens and greenhouses are safe and accessible, so even if someone cannot garden at home our horticultural therapist finds ways to enable them to safely garden while attending Life Enrichment Center. Some of our participants have never gardened, but by learning a new skill they become empowered and their self-esteem grows. Our horticultural therapist creates opportunities for our participants to learn and grow with our garden and nurture a connection to nature that enhances the quality of their lives.


Foundation Baseline Assessment
What is the reception baseline assessment?
The reception baseline assessment is a new national assessment that will be administered in reception classes in all primary, infant and first schools in England. This will form the baseline for primary progress measures, allowing schools to receive credit for the progress their pupils make throughout their time in primary school. It is intended that this will be introduced in autumn 2020.
Why is it being introduced?
An information video for parents about the reception baseline assessment (RBA) can be found here. This will provide information to help yopu, as parents to understand a little more about what the assessment is, how it will be carried out and why it is being introduced.
A pilot for the assessment is being carriued out in September 2019. At Crawford Village Primary School, we have taken the decision to be part of this pilot as we feel this presents an opportunity to start to understand what the baseline will mean for our school in more detail.
Crawford Village Primary School
Crawford Village Primary School Crawford Road
Up Holland
Mrs S Roberts - Bursar | Mrs D Eaton - Headteacher
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A novel polarization division multiplexing system employing polar-OFDM with subcarriers interlaced
This paper proposes a novel polarization division multiplexing system based on polar orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (P-OFDM) with subcarriers interlaced. In the transmitter, each polarization is designed to bear data only on sub-carriers with evenor odd-index, respectively. Therefore, the migration from each polarization to the other is avoided effectively.
In the receiver, independent channel estimation and equalization modules are adopted to recover the signal for each polarization, lowering the computational complexity to great extent. Compared with the single polarization (SP) system, the proposed PDM system shares the similar performance at the SNR expense of only 1.74dB for reaching the bit error rate threshold of forward error correction.
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