Difference between revisions of "Usage Scenarios"
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For many people, virtual server may look like a great toy: Very high geekness factor. It looks cool, but probably not for everyone. '''Wrong!'''

For many people, virtual server may look like a great toy: Very high geekness factor. It looks cool, but probably not for everyone. '''Wrong!'''

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* Unreachable from the network.

* Unreachable from the network.
* Able to log messages from the virtual server in a secure way. The virtual server would be unable to change/erase the logs. Even a cracked virtual server would not be able the edit the log.
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* Able to log messages from the virtual server in a secure way. The virtual server would be unable to change/erase the logs. Even a cracked virtual server would not be able to edit the log.

* Able to run intrusion detection facilities, potentially spying the state of the virtual server without being accessible or noticed. For example, tripwire could run there and it would be impossible to circumvent its operation or trick it.

* Able to run intrusion detection facilities, potentially spying the state of the virtual server without being accessible or noticed. For example, tripwire could run there and it would be impossible to circumvent its operation or trick it.

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* [[Overview]]

* [[Overview]]
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[[Category:Documentation]]
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[[Category:Community]]
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[[Category:Categories]]
Latest revision as of 22:56, 21 October 2011
For many people, virtual server may look like a great toy: Very high geekness factor. It looks cool, but probably not for everyone. Wrong!
The primary goal of this project is to create virtual servers sharing the same machine. A virtual server operates like a normal Linux server. It runs normal services such as ssh, mail, web and database servers.
Contents
[edit] Consolidation and Separation
As the hardware evolves, it is tempting to put more and more tasks on a server. Though Linux could reliably handle it, at some point, you will end up with too much stuff and people fiddling in the same box that you worry about updating things. Additionally, separating different or similar services which otherwise would interfere with each other, either because they are poorly designed or because they are simply incapable of peaceful coexistence for whatever reason, may often be complex or even impossible.
The Linux-VServer project addresses this issue. The same box is able to run multiple virtual servers and each one does the job it is supposed to do. If you need to upgrade to PHP 5 for a given project, you can do so, and only that one project is affected.
Also, you can give the root password of a virtual server to an administrator for that virtual server and he/she will be able to perform updates, restart services and so on without having to know about every other project hosted on the same server. This allows a clever provider to sell Virtual Private Servers, which uses less resources than other virtualization techniques, which in turn allows to put more units on a single machine.
The list of providers doing so is relatively long, and so this is rightfully considered the main area of application. See VServer Hosting for a (probably incomplete) list of companies providing Virtual Private Servers based on the Linux-VServer technology.
[edit] Enhancing Security
While it can be interesting to run several virtual servers in one box, there is one concept potentially more generally useful. Imagine a physical server running a single virtual server. The goal is isolate the main environment from any service, any network. You boot in the main environment, start very few services and then continue in the virtual server.
The service in the main environment would be:
 - Unreachable from the network.
 - Able to log messages from the virtual server in a secure way. The virtual server would be unable to change/erase the logs. Even a cracked virtual server would not be able to edit the log.
 - Able to run intrusion detection facilities, potentially spying the state of the virtual server without being accessible or noticed. For example, tripwire could run there and it would be impossible to circumvent its operation or trick it.
Another option is to put the firewall in a virtual server, and pull in the DMZ, containing each service in a separate VPS. On proper configuration, this setup can reduce the number of required machines drastically, without impacting performance.
[edit] Resource Independence
Since virtual servers are only guests on the hardware they are using, they are not aware of the specifics: they do not contain disk configurations, kernels or network configurations.
One key feature of a virtual server is the independence from the actual hardware. Most hardware issues are irrelevant for a virtual server installation.
The main server acts as a host and takes care of all the details. The virtual server is just a client and ignores all the details. As such, the client can be moved to another physical server with very few manipulations.
For example, to move the virtual server from one physical computer to another, it sufficient to do the following:
 - shutdown the running server
 - copy it over to the other machine
 - copy the configuration
 - start the virtual server on the new machine
No adjustments to user setup, password database or hardware configuration are required, as long as both machines are binary compatible.
Thus, once you have found that a project is using more resource than expected, you can easily move it to another box without tinkering around in hardware configuration files. A virtual server is just a directory on the filesystem of host system.
[edit] Fail-over Scenarios
Pushing the limit a little further, replication technology could be used to keep an up-to-the-minute copy of the filesystem of a running virtual server. This would permit a very fast fail-over if the running server goes offline for whatever reason.
All the known methods to accomplish this, starting with network replication via rsync, or drbd, via network devices, or shared disk arrays, to distributed filesystems, can be utilized to reduce the down-time and improve overall efficiency.
[edit] Experimenting and Upgrading
If you intend to upgrade a system to get new features or security updates, you probably first test the new packages on the development machine, before you are ready to update the production server. Having some experience you do it properly:
 - Doing a backup of the server
 - Perform all the upgrades and install the new applications
Two hours later you realise that something does not work as expected. To make it worse, it works fine on the development machine. We have all experienced this.
Another solution to this problem would be to install the new production server on new hardware, but this is not as easy, as you have to clone the first server (most people are not comfortable doing this) or you do not have the hardware.
Using virtual servers, all this is very easy:
 - Stop the virtual server in production
 - Make a copy of the virtual server
 - Perform the upgrades in the new virtual server
To get back to our example above, two hours later you realise that something does not work as expected and you cannot immediately fix it.
Again, using virtual servers, the (temporary) solution to this problem is very easy:
 - Stop the new virtual server and assign it a new IP address
 - Start both the old and new virtual server
Now the old one is still online and you can track down the issues on your new virtual server using a different IP address, fix the problem and reassign the old IP address to the new virtual server.
[edit] Distribution Independence
People are often talking about their preferred distribution. Should one use Fedora, Debian or something else? Should one give a spin to the latest and greatest distribution just for the sake of it?
With virtual servers, the choice of a distribution is less important. When you select a distribution, you expect it will do the following:
 - Good hardware support/detection
 - Good package technology/updates
 - Good package selection
 - Reliable packages
The choice is important because every service running on a box will be using the same distribution. Most distributions out there are good and reliable. Still each one has its peculiarities and probably flaws. For example, one distribution is doing a great job on security but is not delivering the latest and greatest PHP. Now because you have decided to use this distribution for some projects, using virtual servers does not prevent you from using another distribution for other projects or even a second virtual server for existing projects.
[edit] Other considerations
 - Virtual Private Servers are running on the same kernel as the host: Unlike other VM solutions, Linux-VServer does not require additional memory or processing power, in fact it may even reduce used memory due to the fact that multiple virtual servers may share the same files.
 - There are no special daemons running: A VPS running crond, sshd, httpd and sendmail uses the same resources as a normal Linux server running these services.
 - No pre-allocated disk space needed: A VPS generally shares the disk space with the host system, so there is no need to pre-allocate disk space for each virtual server to find out later that your disk is full, yet each VPS is using only a tiny portion of their allocated space.
 - Resource sharing: Since virtual servers can share binaries and libraries without interfering, a second VPS generally costs


JamesT JamesT - 1 year ago 65
Python Question
Dictionary of lists from tab delimited file
I'm attempting to load a tab delimited text file into a python program. It has the following format,
AAAAAA _PHONE_ 90AB QQQQ JKL1
BBBBBB QWER TYUI ASDF QQQQ
CCCCCC ZXCV 1234 PPPP
...
ZZZZZZ 1111
In short, variable numbers of columns for each row, but always at least two and each column within a row is unique. The first column I would like to use as a key, and load the rest into a list with the key pointing to it. I tried looking into the csv module already as was suggested in other threads, but I've not quite found a way to make it work for me. So yeah, apologies if this should be more obvious, very much a newbie question.
Answer Source
simple str.split should work just fine for splitting the columns. Using that, you just need to read each row and split it into columns taking the first element as the key and the rest as the value:
with open(file) as fin:
 rows = ( line.split('\t') for line in fin )
 d = { row[0]:row[1:] for row in rows }


text:
An open-source model and solution method to predict co-contraction in the finger
- Additional Document Info
- View All
A novel open-source biomechanical model of the index finger with an electromyography (EMG)-constrained static optimization solution method are developed with the goal of improving co-contraction estimates and providing means to assess tendon tension distribution through the finger. The Intrinsic model has four degrees of freedom and seven muscles (with a 14 component extensor mechanism). A novel plugin developed for the OpenSim modelling software applied the EMG-constrained static optimization solution method. Ten participants performed static pressing in three finger postures and five dynamic free motion tasks. Index finger 3D kinematics, force (5, 15, 30 N), and EMG (4 extrinsic muscles and first dorsal interosseous) were used in the analysis. The Intrinsic model predicted co-contraction increased by 29% during static pressing over the existing model. Further, tendon tension distribution patterns and forces, known to be essential to produce finger action, were determined by the model across all postures. The Intrinsic model and custom solution method improved co-contraction estimates to facilitate force propagation through the finger. These tools improve our interpretation of loads in the finger to develop better rehabilitation and workplace injury risk reduction strategies.
has subject area

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
keeshondArticle Free Pass
keeshond, also called Dutch barge dog, breed of dog long kept on Dutch barges as a guard and companion. Originally a dog kept by working-class people, the keeshond was the symbol of the 18th-century Dutch Patriots Party. It derived its present name from a dog, Kees, belonging to Kees de Gyselaer, the leader of the Patriots. Descended from the same ancestors as the Samoyed, Norwegian elkhound, spitz, and Pomeranian, the keeshond has a foxlike face and a plumed tail carried high over its back. Its long, thick, gray coat consists of a pale undercoat overlaid by black-tipped hairs. Shadings and markings around the eyes give the impression of spectacles. The mature keeshond stands 17 to 18 inches (43 to 46 cm) and weighs 55 to 66 pounds (25 to 30 kg). It is the national dog of the Netherlands.
What made you want to look up "keeshond"? Please share what surprised you most...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Activity 10A (Lab Activity)
Changing the Starch in "Yams" to Sugar
|Lesson Overview||This lab activity provides students with the experience of using their own enzymes to convert starch to sugar (a disaccharide called maltose), then testing to see if the conversion has taken place.|
|Learning Objectives||Students will learn how to set up an experiment that includes a control, apply lab data to test the concept that starch can be changed (converted) to a sugar, and to determine if that conversion has taken place.|
This activity includes chemical reactions with an enzyme (amylase), establishing standards for detecting the existence of reactants or product(s)starch and sugar (maltose)and for utilizing a control.
|Skills Required||Students should be able follow printed instructions and respect safety guidelines while working.|
This exercise will require two 40-45 minute periods, the student's time to complete the homework assignment, and class time to discuss the homework assignment.
|Student Ability Level and Grouping||Students of all abilities can work in groups of pairs through a maximum of 4 students.|
|Pre-lab||Students should be instructed in the purpose of using reference standards (starch and sugar tests) and a control. Also, students should be instructed in the safe removal of test tubes from a water bath.|
|Post-lab||It is important that the class come together to compare results and to make sure that students understand what was going on in the test tubes. Ask them why they were asked to wait 30 minutes before testing for starch and sugar. Also, what does a negative test for starch in test tube #3 mean? Why would there be less or no starch in test tube #3 after 30 minutes? If test tube #5, the control (no saliva), shows a positive test for sugar, how would you explain this? (There may be some starch that breaks down with out an enzyme.)|
Students should respond in writing to the questions posed in the lab exercise as homework, and the class as a whole should discuss the responses of individual groups the following day.
|Student Resources for Further Study||
This lab exercise relates to many different topics, including digestive enzymes (in the broader category of catalysts) and agriculture involving the production of tuber crops, including both yams and sweet potatoes. This lab is also related to the work of Percy Julian in the sense that he worked with yams from Guatemala and Mexico to extract the toxin called diosgenin. This chemical was then used as a base chemical to be converted to cortisone and several important hormones including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone at a price that made these pharmaceuticals available to most people.
This activity meets the following National Science Education Standards (Grades 5-8) and Curriculum Standards for Social Studies.
National Science Education Standards (Grades 5-8)
Science as Inquiry
Science and Technology
History and Nature of Science
Curriculum Standards for Social Studies


Change Management in Education
Published: 2018-02-08 07:03:09
2021 words
7 pages
17 min to read
Carnegie Mellon University
Type of paper:
Teacher's resistances to change are not a new phenomenon, as teachers do fear change not because they do not understand the change recommended but because they fear the consequences of the change. Most teachers usually fear the unknown and would strive to maintain status quo even if the intended change in inevitable and has potential benefits that outweigh the costs. On the other hand, organizations do consider change a major exercise as the change would help the organization realize it is bottom-line.
Support positive changeRestructuring the Community College System
Change in inevitable, but the change may be positive or negative depending on the way it is managed. Teachers perception to change my be positive or negative depending on the way the management handles the change. The American education system is flawed because a lot of time wasted in the community college. For example, most of the secondary students have to study English, math and social sciences instead of directly starting their specific associate degree courses. The community college system involves a waste of time and money wasted maintaining general educational requirements. The fact that all students have to study general education courses such as English, math and sciences make the system more duplicative as these are the same courses done in secondary education. Instead, the community college systems require proper restructuring to allow students diversity their courses by pursuing other courses including the vocational technical training whether they are pursuing skilled trades or not. Restructuring is a process that will attract teacher resistance, as the teachers would have to learn new trades to be taught, and re-engineer their programs, schedules, and schemes of work (Forsyth, 2012).
Many teachers realized that they would not be able to enjoy the slow times they enjoyed and some even feared to lose their job because of redundancy. Many teachers resisted and some even organized a go slow to resist the change. Resistance means that the workers have developed beliefs of thoughts that the proposed change would harm them or affect their peace. If negative thoughts precede a positive change, then the proposed change would be met with resistance. Then again, the negative thoughts and beliefs could be altered in a proactive manner that the teachers would embrace the change (Forsyth, 2012).
Factors that Inhibit Change
Because organizational change would affect the established work processes, practices culture, and behaviors, resistance to organizational change would influence the whole company's performance. Therefore changing the factors that cause resistance to change would promote change adoption. Change adoption is intended to help improve the business performance. No change has ever been targeted at compromising organization productivity
Change may be inhibited by:
a). Lack of commitment
If the management is not committed to the proposed change, teacher's resistance to change may be observed. The teachers would not be convinced about the benefit of the modification. All stakeholders should be involved from the beginning up to the end. In the change process, the stakeholder needs to know the proposed change, why the change is needed, and how the change would affect the management, the teachers, as well as the overall organization's goals and bottom-line (Engel, 2000).
b). Lack of teacher engagement
If the teacher were not engaged in the change discussion, they would not want to be associated with it. Teachers may not like if new processes and change are imposed on them. The management should involve teachers or their representatives.
c). Organizational culture
The first organizational cultures may not be suitable or supportive of the proposed change. If the organizational change were not agreeing with the organizational culture, then the teachers would strike because they are not used to the new norm or processes. Some cultures are rigid and are not aligned with the complex environment that is constantly changing. For example, innovation, technology, and business process are changing and so are the management principles. If the cultures, values, and goals of the organization remain fixed, then the proposed changes would be compromised (Engel, 2000).
d). Contradictory vision and objectives
If the Steering mechanisms of an organizational do not change, are not improved or not aligned with the organizational change then the teacher and their management would not make meaning out of the complex proposed changed. The changes in the marketplace must be perceived and understood by all the workers to modify the organization's steering mechanism
e). Rigid steering mechanisms
The rigid steering mechanism such as values and objectives can also downgrade the organization and compromise the organization's effort towards realizing its goals or realizing the market signals. The validity of organizational goals and values are timed, and once there are outdated, they should be changed to reflect the changes in the market. Most teachers use the defensive mechanism such as resistance to change because of the uncertainty associated with the change.
Identify Reason for change
1. The proposed change was mainly implemented to help the management realize organization-wide goals. To improve teacher productivity, the management had to implement the change.
2. To improve efficiency in the organization. The proposed change would help reduce time, labor and other resources wastage (Bass & Avolio, 1994).
3. The proposed change was also to improve organizational processes and help the teachers meet their daily targets. The increased lessons hours, timetables, and teacher time management strategies were all proposed to help the community college staff effectively executive their duties
4. Technological changes may also necessitate change. For example, new technologies might require ha all teachers must undergo mandatory training.
5. Competition in the market may also necessitate change as competitors adopt new technology, advanced processes and even cost-cutting through retrenchment. Competition is a change driver
6. Government regulation may also drive change. For example, if the new law requires the adoption of electronic records and instructional technology, the organization might be forced to embark on an aggressive training of teachers, recruitment to fill the void created by retrenchment or give mandatory educational leave to its teachers.
Ways to support Stakeholders during the reform
1. There are many ways to support stakeholder during the change. The most effective way to is to involve the speaker in the discussion leading to the change.
2. Stakeholder should be informed about the change. Both internal and external stakeholder should be made to understand the reasons for the change, and the potential impact of the change.
3. Secondly, the management should assure the stakeholder that the change would not adversely affect them. The proposed change may be communicated and acceptable to all the stakeholders (Anderson, 2008).
4. Finally, the change team should in collusive. All the interested parties should be involved and not just a small team. If a small team of change champions is selected, then the change champions should be fully representative.
Resources stakeholders can use for support during the change process.
1. Materialsstakeholders can provide materials such as paper, pens, and whiteboards. These materials are required to draw and provide a guideline for the bigger picture. Documenting everything is necessary foot easier review and amendments
2. Fundssome teachers need to be motivated, and at times, there is a need to pay sitting allowances and per diem. Funds would help motivate the affected personnel to accept change
3. Support—stakeholder need emotional and physical support during the change processes. The support may vary depending on each stakeholder need, but the stakeholder must be supported during the process
4. Removing Barriers to effective change managementany barrier to effective change management is it processes, policies, cultures, funds, language, and or etiquette should be addressed for the stakeholders to accept and adapt to the proposed changes (Amedzro St-Hilaire, 2016).
Essential Elements for change
The major factor for change includes the factors that must be coherent for the organization to achieve its goals. Only planned change succeeds, but unplanned changes can only succeed if the stakeholders are not supportive. Stakeholders must be supportive, and this can only be realized if they have a favorable opinion or beliefs about the proposed change (Wolfe, 1995).
1. Strategythe planned changed must be strategic, and a strategy must be devised that would help maintain and develop the organization's competence
2. Structurethe team must put structures in place that would assist in ensuring the change is a success. This include a reporting structure, laws, policies, guidelines and rules to ensure that
3. Systemsthere should be activities and procedures that are connected in the value chain to get work done. A system includes people, and computers.
4. Shared valuesthe core value must be aligned with the goals, vision, and organizational objectives
5. Leadership Stylesthe top leadership should be supportive. A transformational leader is needed to offer individualized attention.
6. Community college staffstakeholder engagement is necessary for change to be successful. All stakeholders should be included in discussing and implementing the change
7. Skillteachers should be assigned duties depending on their skill and competencies. Al these factors must be coherent with the organizational goals.
8. Power of Vision
Creates the structure, the direction, and the passion for pushing forward to anticipate and accomplish the goal of building a better educational system. The organization's vision is organizations primary direction. Unity of direction can only be achieved through a unifying vision. All the teachers must be aware of the vision and must internalize the vision to make it part of their plans, goals, and focus Wolfe, 1995). The idea would also help sustain the processes and efforts towards the organizational goals. The vision is the direction followed by everyone. It is also the point of reference for the teachers. Any deviation from the vision would mean difference from the organizational goals, and this would signal changes in the business processes and plans.
Types


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Politics and tax morale. the role of trust, values, and beliefs, in shaping individual attitudes towards tax compliance.
MetadataShow full item record
Traditional models of tax evasion cannot explain why most people comply with their taxes. It has been proposed that taxpayers may have an intrinsic motivation (or willingness) to comply with taxes - Tax Morale. Empirical studies found that trusting government, upholding religious beliefs, and supporting democratic regimes, increase individual Tax Morale. Based on those results and drawing from related literature in Political Science, this study tests the role of trusting government institutions delivering public goods to taxpayers, ideological beliefs, individual support for political regimes, and upholding post-materialist values, on Tax Morale. Results for individuals living in democratic countries show a positive relationship between trust in government institutions and upholding democratic values on Tax Morale; a negative relationship between upholding ideological (conservative) beliefs and Tax Morale, and no relationship between upholding post-materialist values and Tax Morale. Results for individuals living under non-democratic regimes differ in some respects; whereas support for democracy is related with higher Tax Morale, other results - trust in government and ideological beliefs - differ from theoretical expectations. Overall, higher trust in government increases willingness to comply with taxes, and support for democracy elicits higher Tax Morale.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Home Durable Labels • The Layers of a Custom Durable Label
The Layers of a Custom Durable Label
Durable Labels
Showing DomeLabels and TUFFLabels
Durable labels, the ones that last on your product for years, are custom created from combinations of different special materials.
Liner is not technically part of the label, but it is very important to the end product. Liner has to be strong enough to hold the substrate, ink layers, and dome or laminate, and still stay flat and smooth so there are no creases or folds, which can cause visible flaws in the finished label.
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive has already been applied to the underside of the label substrate as tiny glue bubbles. Rubbing over the top of the finished label warms and softens it, and the pressure helps the bubbles to pop, they melt together to glue the label in place. The thickness and strength of the adhesive determines how permanent the label is.
Substrate is the base of the label and is usually a polyester, vinyl, polypropylene or polycarbonate material. Substrates can be colored, white, clear, metallic or reflective, the universal similarity is they are all capable of being printed on. Ink (or Print) goes on top of the substrate. The print layer defines the label as yours, because your unique artwork is placed here.
Once printing is finished, the label will be laminated or domed.
On a laminated label, the laminate is sealed to the top of the printed substrate, then the labels are cut and the excess material is removed leaving your custom shaped labels.
For a dome label, the printed substrate is cut and the excess material is removed leaving the individual shape of your label. Then a liquid polyurethane substance flows onto each label (the edge of the cut label acts like a tiny wall to stop the polyurethane from running over). The polyurethane cures and hardens creating a curved dome surface which gives your artwork a three-dimensional look.
Your one-of-a-kind label is custom created from start to finish.
For more information go to _URL_
Check out our other great products.
Author:Alice Holm
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William Gibson's Archangel – Comic Review
Amy Walker reviews William Gibson's graphic novel, Archangel...
Archangel, written by William Gibson and Michael St. John Smith, is a time travel action-adventure story that spans from modern day to post-world war two Berlin.
It tells the story of a different timeline, a world where America controlled the majority of the planet but has been ravaged by nuclear weapons. With the world destroyed and unliveable, the American leadership forms a plan to travel into an alternate past, to change their history and create a new world for them to take control over.
Having altered his appearance to look like his grandfather, Junior Henderson, the son of the President For Life, travels back to 1945 along with a group of marines and replaces his grandfather, an important military officer. Fortunately, a resistance movement feels that it is wrong for Henderson to alter an entire world in order to rule it, and as such sends a team of their own back in time to stop their plans.
Archangel splits its action between these two time periods, with the 2016 setting acting as support for the agent sent back to the 1940's. Whilst the majority of the narrative takes place in the past, these jumps back to the present allow for good narrative pauses in the story, and give us some additional context to the future timeline and the events that led to the destruction of their world.
The 1945 setting is well done, with the books art style complementing the location of a post war Berlin. Whilst many time travel stories, especially ones that involve alternate histories, tend to be set during World War Two itself, moving it to the time just after makes for a familiar yet refreshing change. The story unfolds at a brisk pace, yet never feels rushed or like things are happening too quickly, there's still time to build the world and to take character moments.
Despite only being five issues in length the writers manage to develop their characters well, they explore their histories and their motivations in ways that feel natural and not forced, and manage to add a lot of depth to even side characters. The single panel in which you discover that the character Fritz was held in a Nazi prison is a disturbing moment, and tells you huge amounts about who he is and what he's been through, simply with dialogue; 'I wore a pink triangle. A certain guard befriended me. There was food, of sorts. Other privileges, for one such as myself. Staying out of the death camps was one.'
A personal favourite character of mine for the series is Naomi Givens, am RAF Intelligence Officer who couldn't help but remind me of Peggy Carter. Much like the beloved Marvel character, Givens is a smart, quick thinking, and no nonsense character that drives the story forward; she takes to the concept of time travel especially well.
Archangel also manages to pack in several action sequences throughout the story despite so much of the narrative being given over to characterisation and world building, meaning that even the most hardened action fan will find something of interest, even if they aren't drawn into the story, which strikes me as impossible.
Learning that Archangel began as a television project, before being changed to a feature film, video game, and then finally a comic book, isn't surprising, as it has a very cinematic quality throughout, from the way the story unfolds to the way that certain panels are drawn. The book has a scope to it that many comics lack, and a care and attention to detail that make it feel like a very real and lived in world.
With Archangel now collected as a single volume it's the perfect time to check out the story if you missed the issues when they first came out, plus, reading it as one piece rather than waiting a month between issues is definitely the best way to experience this story.
Archangel is now in comic book stores from IDW Publishing. Let us know what you thought of it!
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The Queensland character is a literary and political devise. But did it really exist? I argue that putting aside groups of 'characters' that happen to live in Queensland, the Queensland character is an imagining of society where the history is very different. The key point is that the 'Queensland character' is not the 'character' of philosophical traditions, but has evolved, as elsewhere, into an excuse for character deficiencies.
I am exploring the subject in a new book with the working title of 'Horizon Worldviews in Queensland: Re-Imaging the Society Beyond the 'Queensland Character'. I am making the drafting process open as a series of post on one of my blogs, 'Was There Ever A Queensland Character?' This site houses selected extracts of the drafting, as follows:
Even among Queensland historians the opportunity to rigorously examine the thinking behind the commonly used phase 'Queensland character' has never before been taken up. It is not that Queensland historians have not alluded to the use of the phrase. The much more common usage among historians and other scholars is in reference to the material construct known as the 'the Queenslander'. The discussion of the allegedly uniquely-designed Queensland house spins around on the idea of 'character', and more precisely 'heritage character' and value. Social historians have frequently used the phrase in other ways. The idea of 'Queensland character' has two other major applications, in references to folklore and to literature more broadly, to the characterisation of Queensland regions in short stories, essays, poems, and novels. In this latter case, the literary function of the 'Queensland character' crept into the common Australian historiography. The history of Queensland was defined by a personable character.


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|Origin:||Probably from Middle Dutch pegge|
a short piece of wood, metal, or plastic that is attached to a wall or fits into a hole, used especially to hang things on or to fasten things together:
Sarah hung her coat on the peg.
a table fitted together with pegs
a pattern made with coloured pegs on a board
a small plastic or wooden object used to fasten wet clothes to a thin rope to dry [= clothespeg; = clothespin AmE]
hanging wet clothesBritish English
a pointed piece of wood or metal that you push into the ground in order to keep a tent in the correct position
to make someone realize that they are not as important or skilled as they think they are:
Evans is an arrogant bully who needs taking down a peg or two.
a wooden screw used to make the strings of a violin, guitar etc tighter or looser [= tuning peg]
6 British English
something that is used as a reason for doing, discussing, or believing something:
As a peg to hang it on, the tournament had the 100th anniversary of Nehru's birth.
a small amount of strong alcoholic drink, especially whisky or brandy


text:
Southern Italy has Watchtowers all along the coast line. Watch the video below for the story about these towers:
Title: Italy – Watchtowers in Southern Italy
Countries: Southern Italy
What are Watchtowers? They are towers usually built of stone high enough to be seen by the next tower along the coast. When Saracens (pirates) were spotted, they would light a fire in the tower to warn everyone along the coast. The next tower would see it and light theirs and so on along the entire coastline. You might say this was the Internet of their time. Some towers had a bell as well that was rung to warn locals of the pirates coming.
The locals would gather their families and valuables and head to their sister town usually high up on a hill. These towns were fortified castle like structures that prevented the pirates from entering.


text:
In this article, it will be discussed whether or not an unplugged electric guitar will sound good.
Most people wonder if an electric guitar does sound good unplugged. That's an expected question, since the electric guitar, as its name suggests, isn't made for an acoustic sound. On the other hand, most players don't have an amplifier yet or can only practice the instrument at night, making it difficult or inappropriate to be played plugged.
Do Electric Guitars Sound Good Unplugged?
No, electric guitars don't sound well unplugged, since the instrument is made to be played with an amp. You must know that the guitar's sound without an amp is totally different from its unplugged sound. So playing unplugged will make you acquire inappropriate technical habits.
When you play it unplugged, the instrument's timbre loses brightness and dynamics. That means that the characteristic sound of the guitar will vanish, leaving its place to a tone without any color and volume variation.
Even if it's a proper solution to practice without making noise, the custom of doing it will certainly change how you approach the instrument's technique. The tendency that you'll have playing unplugged will then be to compensate for the deficiency by putting unbalanced force on the strings.
On the other hand, you may see unplugged playing as a means of solving technical problems. Even though it seems strange, it also makes sense, since the unplugged guitar doesn't have any effects and amplification that can be used to cover these technical problems.
Electric guitar plugged
Electric guitar unplugged
You listen to the guitar as it would sound in a live concert
The electric guitar may sound good unplugged but sound bad when you plug it after
Effects may cover technical problems
There are no effects to cover any technical problems, which forces you to develop your technique
The dynamics are just as they actually sound
The lack of dynamic/accent possibilities will make you acquire bad habits
The timbre will be just as you want it to sound
The lack of timbre color will make it frustrating to play
You can only play close to the amp
You can practice warm-up exercises while doing other things
Exaggerated pressure on the left hand will be heard and avoided
Exaggerated pressure on the left hand won't be heard, leading to bad habits
But let's go more in-depth about how it would sound unplugged:
How does the electric guitar sound unplugged?
The unplugged electric guitar sounds quite poor and bright. The sound is not loud, since the instrument is made to be played plugged. On the other hand, the semi-acoustic guitars, which have a more acoustically planned body, produce a stronger and heavier sound.
These semi-acoustic guitars, unlike the others, have a tone and volume closer to the acoustic ones and you can even record them without an amp. That isn't the most recommended, since it continues to be primarily electric, but it can be done.
On the other hand, the hard rock guitars have an extremely low volume and a tone that differs more from the acoustic guitars. That is because their bodies are differently created according to their purpose.
We can say that the purely electric guitars have 4/5 times less volume than the acoustic ones. On the other hand, the semi-acoustic ones have approximately half the volume of an acoustic. The tone quality of them is equally proportional. While the electric has a different sound, the semi-acoustic is closer to the sound of an acoustic guitar.
So if you wonder if your neighbors will hear your electric guitar unplugged, don't worry. That will never happen.
Will playing the electric guitar unplugged negatively impact your technique when plugged in?
Yes, playing the electric guitar unplugged will negatively impact your technique. Since the instrument was made to be played with an amplifier, playing it without will get your fingers used to bad habits. These include putting excessive force on the strings or even playing it too soft.
That means that you will get accustomed to a way of playing the instrument that is very different from the way you should play it. When you go back to using the amp, your technical habits will have to change drastically.
As you weren't used to playing plugged, when you go back to it, the high volume of the notes will "scare" your ears, and that will make you subconsciously play too soft, sounding insecure and with a weird tone.
Now imagine if this change occurs only at the moment of a presentation. The dynamics, the accents of the notes, and the tone will occur differently from what you expected. That's because you weren't actually playing an electric guitar (amplified), but a "weird acoustic guitar" with almost no sound.
As said Fred Frith once:
[…] There is actually no such thing as an electric guitar. This [holding up his modified Gibson ES-335] is not really an instrument. I can say that this is not an electric guitar, but it doesn't become an electric guitar until I plug it in. And also send it through whatever I want to send it to [indicating his pedalboard]. It's only this, plus that, plus that [pointing to amplifier], which is an electric guitar." – Fred Frith
These are some of the technical problems that you will certainly develop playing without an amp:
- Loss of dynamic/accent balance between the notes
- Weird tone, sounding "insecure" and unbalanced.
- Too much pressure playing chords on the left hand (which will sound when plugged)
Why would you want to play your electric guitar without an amplifier?
- Solve technical Problems: That's because the unplugged guitar hasn't any effects that will help cover your technical imperfections. The use of reverb, distortion or even amplification can serve as means to hide your poor technique. Playing it unplugged will make you more aware of your difficulties, which is the first step to solving them. That's why some electric guitar players also practice the acoustic guitar.
- Playing At Night: It can be an excellent way to continue practicing if you have only the nighttime to do it. Neighbors and family will be grateful for that. But you need to know that there are some other possibilities to solve this problem, which will be presented further on.
- Practice warm-up exercises: You can also play it without an amp to practice warm-up exercises, which don't require much attention to the sound. These exercises, when correctly mastered, are only for warming up before actually practicing. Since they're entirely mechanical, playing them without plugged sound will allow you to practice even while doing other things.
What Can I Use If I Don't Have An Amp?
If you don't have an amp, there are plenty of possibilities available today that can serve your purposes. You can either play it using your PC/Mac (with or without headphones), using an iOS device, a headphone amp, a portable amplifier, or even use your home stereo system. But you have to know that each one of these has its costs and requisites.
- PC/Mac: for that, you must buy an audio interface. Although it is still a cost, it's usually cheaper than an amp and can be used to record your playing. That's because it isn't possible to connect the guitar to the computer with a reasonable quality without using an interface. To record it, you will connect your guitar to the audio interface and the interface to the computer. Then, you will need to download/buy a DAW software, like Reaper or Pro Tools, and an amp simulator, like Amplitude. Having done that, you'll simply play and, if you want, record the instrument there. If you have a good speaker system, the experience of playing will be even better. That's because you'll be able to download your favorite "amp" and play it as if it was a real one.
- iOS or Android device: if you want to use an iPad/iPhone or a Samsung (for example), you'll need a way to plug your guitar in. The easiest way to do that is using an iRig, which you can easily buy on Amazon. Once it's connected, you can either play it using a speaker or headphones, and the experience will be fantastic! Using the iRig HD 2, you'll even have access to the full version of Amplitude, which will allow you to choose between numerous types of amp simulators.
- Headphone amp: using a headphone amp, you will be able to hear your guitar as it sounds, but you're the only one that will listen to your playing. That's because the sound will be transmitted to the headphones, as its name suggests. That signifies that you'll have at your disposal a variety of timbres and effects, but you will only hear that. A good example of a headphone amp is the Valeton Rushead Max, which allows you to use chorus, flanger, tremolo, and other effects. It's an excellent choice if you want to practice with a variety of timbres without having to pay too much.
- Portable amplifier: that may also be an excellent choice since you'll have the sound of the electric guitar as it would sound life, but at a low volume. In other words, you'll be perfectly capable of practicing any music without necessarily having to use headphones, but the sound won't be loud.
- Your home stereo system: in terms of quality, that isn't


Right here's What Nobody Tells You Around Stairway Lift.
A stairway lift is essentially a movable mechanical device, usually those developed for helping physically disabled individuals, to go up and down stairs. Typically for staircases that are at least 4 flights high, there is a railing connected to them. There might additionally be hand rails which are for maintaining the mobility device individual's feet under the barrier. Around 5 flights high, the stairway lifts have grab bars. One or more ramps can be fitted on the stairway cases. For appropriately large stairs, there is usually a handrail attached to both the treads and the barrier.
For appropriately big stairways, there is typically a handrail connected to both the rail and also the hand rails. The hand rails is positioned before and also slightly below the seat on the stair lift. This allows the individual utilizing the stairway lift to securely rest while on the lift. A hand rails as well as a barrier enable the staircase lift customer to sit upright, while stabilizing on the hand rails. In some cases, the handrail can likewise keep the barrier when the individual is not on the chair. stair lift accidents
The majority of stairway lifts are powered either by electrical power or by mechanical methods. Those developed for use by wheelchair individuals are regulated either by the mobility device itself or by an operator or guide who can be employed or acquired. Often chairs are contributed to the bottom of the stair lifts to make them much more mobile. There are separate controls for the lift for the person, the chair and also in some cases the individual strolling along the railing with the wheelchair is called for to run the control from either end.
Straight and also curved stair lift designs for household usage differ in the level of their movement. The straight models are the most popular. In these types, the entire staircase is enclosed, which implies that not only do they offer a degree of safety and security for those in mobility devices, but they additionally avoid web traffic from running into angles or twists in the stairs themselves. These kinds of stair lifts are frequently readily available in straight, regular, rounded as well as at times even leaf designs.
Curved wheelchair lifts are made to fit perfectly with the stairs as well as with the surrounding residence atmosphere. They are one of the most adaptable alternative available in terms of design, although they need even more maintenance than straight models. When purchasing rounded stair lift models for your home, bear in mind that they can be placed in any type of direction, either up, down or sideways. The seat will contour slightly to accommodate the mobility device resident.
If you have a straight stair lift however want to have more adaptability with the positioning of the lift and the range it can fluctuate the staircases, you could consider setting up a seat lift. Seat lifts are simple to set up and cost substantially less than the various other alternatives. In several models, the passenger sits in a reclined placement. However, if your staircases are not at a low adequate quality to comfortably fit a chair lift, you can mount them with a foot rest for added support and comfort. hair cost stair lift
Security functions can consist of barrier that assistance stop somebody from slipping off and becoming stuck, safety sensing units and also the capacity to raise or decrease the lift at your very own discretion. For people who might not be as mobile as others, using a manual lift is highly suggested. These lifts are generally powered by motors that require you to push a button to rise or come down a set of stairs and for some designs, there is a choice to go into or leave the lift with making use of a button. For impaired people who find themselves alone, it is typically best to choose a staircase lift that features its very own lift chair, allowing them to safely climb or down the elevator by themselves.
Bear in mind that the price of a stairway lift will depend greatly on the producer in addition to the type you acquire. If you are intending on installing it on your own, you ought to know that the typical price of installment will certainly vary from a couple hundred bucks to more than a thousand. However, since this is among one of the most technically innovative tools for staircase lifts, lots of producers use ensured setup for their items. Additionally, certain designs feature a warranty that enables you to return the item if it is not working properly. Finally, it will assist you tremendously if you can obtain a recommendation or two from close friends or family that have set up stair lifts before.
A stairway lift is primarily an equipment for moving individuals, normally those with movement impairments, backwards and forwards stairs. Normally, for stairs that are at the very least three flights high (the stairways are normally more than the step), there is a rail connected to each step. The rail extends along the full length of the stairs and also is lifted either by equipment or by an individual. Usually, a mobility device or various other training device is affixed to the bottom rail. Stairway lifts can be either motorized or manual.
To operate a stair lift, the individual utilizing it pushes the chair or harmonizing platform against the staircase lift rail. The chair will certainly then go up and down the rail on its own power, thanks to foot pedals or engine power. The speed of the chair will certainly depend upon the force applied by the individual. This force can be modified with the use of hand controls or by pulling a cable. A person can likewise move the chair up and down making use of power rather than his feet.
Hand-operated staircase lifts can be categorized right into two main kinds: straight rail as well as likely rails. The straight rail system is generally placed on the wall in front of the staircase lift, while the likely system can be set up inside the home or any other framework. In straight rail systems, the rails are laid flat. The curved side rails are positioned at routine periods to ensure that the lift does not get hung up or uneven. efferson city mo stair lift
Another kind of stairlift is the mobile stair lift, which is essentially a ladder with a track for the stairlift to run upon. This type of stairlift can be put into a number of various placements. Most are put on wheels to permit very easy positioning around various corners and also stairways. A couple of even come furnished with a swivel chair that can turn 180 degrees, making it less complicated to go from one side of a room to one more. These types of lifts, however, are not as comfy as the others.
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text:
Introduction to Survey Quality
- Major sources of survey error, examining the origins of each error source most successful methods for reducing errors from those sources
- Methods most often used in practice for evaluating the effects of the source on total survey error
- Implications of improving survey quality for organizational management and costs
Chapter 1. The Evolution of Survey Process Quality.
1.1 The Concept of a Survey.
1.2 Types of Surveys.
1.3 Brief History of Survey Methodology.
1.4 The Quality Revolution.
1.5 Definitions of Quality and Quality in Statistical Organizations.
1.6 Measuring Quality.
1.7 Improving Quality.
1.8 Quality in a Nutshell.
Chapter 2. The Survey Process and Data Quality.
2.1 Overview of the Survey Process.
2.2 Data Quality and Total Survey Error.
2.3 Decomposing Nonsampling Error into Its Component Parts.
2.4 Gauging the Magnitude of Total Survey Error.
2.5 Mean Squared Error.
2.6 An Illustration of the Concepts.
Chapter 3. Coverage and Nonresponse Error.
3.1 Coverage Error.
3.2 Measures of Coverage Bias.
3.3 Reducing Coverage Bias.
3.4 Unit Nonresponse Error.
3.5 Calculating Response Rates.
3.6 Reducing Nonresponse Bias.
Chapter 4. The Measurement Process and Its Implications for Questionnaire Design.
4.1Components of Measurement Error.
4.2 Errors Arising from the Questionnaire Design.
4.3 Understanding the Response Process.
Chapter 5. Errors Due to Interviewers and Interviewing.
5.1 Role of the Interviewer.
5.2 Interviewer Variability.
5.3 Design Factors that Influence Interviewer Effects.
5.4 Evaluation of Interviewer Performance.
Chapter 6. Data Collection Modes and Associated Errors.
6.1 Modes of Data Collection.
6.2 Decision Regarding Mode.
6.3 Some Examples of Mode Effects.
Chapter 7. Data Processing: Errors and Their Control.
7.1 Overview of Data Processing Steps.
7.2 Nature of Data Processing Error.
7.3 Data Capture Errors.
7.4 Post-Data Capture Editing.
7.6 File Preparation.
7.7 Applications of Continuous Quality Improvement: The Case of Coding.
7.8 Integration Activities.
Chapter 8. Overview of Survey Error Evaluation Methods.
8.1 Purposes of Survey Error Evaluation.
8.2 Evaluation Methods for Designing and Pretesting Surveys.
8.3 Methods for Monitoring and Controlling Data Quality.
8.4 Postsurvey Evaluations.
8.5 Summary of Evaluation Methods.
Chapter 9. Sampling Error.
9.1 Brief History of Sampling.
9.2 Nonrandom Sampling Methods.
9.3 Simple Random Sampling.
9.4 Statistical Inference in the Presence of Nonsampling Errors.
9.5 Other Methods of Random Sampling.
9.6 Concluding Remarks.
Chapter 10.1 Practical Survey Design for Minimizing Total Survey Error.
10.1 Balance Between Cost, Survey Error, and Other Quality Features.
10.2 Planning a Survey for Optimal Quality.
10.3 Documenting Survey Quality.
10.4 Organizational Issues Related to Survey Quality.
LARS E. LYBERG, PhD, is Chief Scientist at Statistics Sweden. They both have co-edited, with others, Measurement Errors in Surveys, Survey Measurement and Process Quality, and Telephone Survey Methodology (all published by Wiley).


Phone
1-844-355-ABLE
Location
Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
355 East Erie
Chicago, IL 60611
United States
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Body
When using the Lokomat, found in our Legs + Walking Ability Lab and Pediatric Lab, the patient is suspended in a harness over a treadmill and the frame of the robot, attached by straps to the outside of the legs, moves the legs in a natural walking pattern. A computer controls the pace of walking and measures the body's response to the movement. While the exact mechanism for walking is still not clear, it is believed that, by controlling the repetitive walking pattern, we can help the brain and spinal cord work together to re-route signals that were interrupted by injury or illness.
Lokomat Therapy for Pediatric Patients
Body
In addition to training the brain and spinal cord, robot-assisted walking therapy may help strengthen muscles and improve circulation. Also, the weight bearing nature of the exercise may help strengthen bones at risk for osteoporosis (the loss of calcium from bones that makes them fragile and easy to break) due to lack of use.
Previously, this type of therapy was done with the aid of two or more physical therapists that manually move the patient's legs in a walking pattern. However, the labor-intensive, strenuous nature and variability of the manual method can limit the frequency and duration of the therapy. With robot-assisted walking therapy, the robotic device does most of the heavy work -- the pattern and pace are consistent throughout the session -- and the exercise can be sustained over longer periods of time.
The effectiveness of robot-assisted walking therapy varies from person to person, so patients should be able to commit to a minimum of 60 minutes of therapy per day, three days per week, for four to eight weeks. Periodic evaluations will be conducted to determine if more sessions would be helpful in achieving the maximum benefit.
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text:
|scientific name Archanara subflava |
common name Subflava Sedge Borer
It occurs locally throughout most of Alberta, in all natural regions. It is found is and near marshes and other wetlands.
A medium-size moth (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) with pale yellow brown to deep rust brown forewings with a darker shade along the cubital vein and a prominent row of dark dots marking the postmedian line where it crosses the veins, and a dark shade in the middle of the outer margin. The hind wings are tan to almost white, much paler than the forewings. Similar to Archanara oblonga, but subflava is generally much lighter in color, has much paler hindwings and lacks the row of terminal dots on the forewings. The illustrated specimen on the right is from the Moths of Canada website; the dark specimen is from Grant Co., WA.
Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. The larvae are borers in cattails, rushes and bulrushes (Typha, Scirpus). The life history is very similar to that described for A. oblonga.
Nova Scotia west to BC, south to New Jersey in the east and Utah and California in the west.
The Subflava Sedge Borer may be found far from its wetland habitat and hostplants. The reedy ponds and marshes where this moth breeds are scattered across the landscape like islands in a sea. Many of these are intermittent, appearing and disappearing with changes in moisture regimes, and it is not surprising that subflava disperses to colonize new sites, as do other aquatic insects such as Dytiscus water beetles.
Comments are published according to our submission guidelines. The EH Strickland Entomological Museum does not necessarily endorse the views expressed.


text:
Shape-shifting material switches between forms in response to heat and light
If you ever wanted to stick a square peg in a round hole, it may soon be easier than you think. Researchers at the University of Colorado (CU) Boulder are working on a new material that responds to light and heat by shifting between complex, pre-programmed shapes. Not only will it allow you to cheat at peg board tests, but it also holds promise in many applications, including manufacturing, robotics, biomedical devices, and prosthetic muscles.
Developed by a team led by Christopher Bowman, a Distinguished Professor in CU Boulder's Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (CHBE), the new material is designed to overcome the limitation of other shape-shifting materials that change their form or texture. These have had a certain degree of success, but CU says they have been limited in terms of size or the extent that they could change or regain their original shape.
The new material overcomes this by using liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which are slightly cross-linked liquid crystalline polymer networks that posses both the elasticity of an elastomer and the self-organization of the liquid crystal. They are also sensitive to heat and light, allowing the CU team to program the material at the macroscopic level.
This is achieved by incorporating a light-activated trigger into LCE networks. This trigger responds to specific wavelengths of light, causing the molecular structure to rearrange itself, Once the object changes shape, the trigger locks. When reactivated by a corresponding heat stimulus, the object reverts to its original form.
One simple example provided by the team is an origami swan that turns into a flat sheet when heated to 200° F (93° C). As it cools, it returns to its swan shape.
"The ability to form materials that can repeatedly oscillate back and forth between two independent shapes by exposing them to light will open up a wide range of new applications and approaches to areas such as additive manufacturing, robotics and biomaterials," says Bowman.
The findings were published in Science Advances, and the video below shows various versions of the new material shape-shifting.
Source: University of Colorado


Why does a person go blind if his optic nerve function is impaired?
1) Distinction of visual irritations occurs in the occipital zone of the cerebral cortex.
2) In case of violation of the functions of the optic nerve, nerve impulses cannot reach the visual centers of the occipital zone of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres.


text:
Tonsillectomy like circumcision has been subject to much debate. Both have been practiced for more that 2,000 years, the latter often associated with religious practice, while the former was performed because of infection and airway obstruction. Both procedures have become less common today and their use is often questioned.
Tonsillectomy was reported from India in 400 BC. Before anaesthesia it was usually performed with a specially designed guillotine or even by finger enucleation. With the advent of Ethyl Chloride and Ether as anaesthetic agents in the late 19th century its frequency increased remarkably.
The benefit of the procedure became doubtful in the 1950s when it was noted that children who had been on the waiting list for long periods of time lost their symptoms. However in the mid 20th century it was the most common surgical procedure in children.
The anaesthetics used were Ethyl Chloride and Ether. There was a special mouth gag to provide access and the tonsil was freed by blunt and occasionally sharp dissection. Its pedicle was then severed by a snare. Haemorrhage was the most common complication. The anaesthesia was very basic. After mild sedation plus an atropine injection, a gauze mask was placed over the patient's mouth and nose and Ethyl Chloride was squirted onto the mask. Once the second stage of anaesthesia was reached Ether was used for maintenance. The procedure was simple and commonly performed by general practitioners.


Middle School Students Are Saving Rainforests Using Old Smartphones
Hundreds of students from Los Angeles STEM programs will participate in one of the largest student-driven programs ever launched to protect the world's rainforests. Rainforest Connection's "Planet Guardians" program will guide middle schoolers in building solar-powered listening devices using old smartphones. These "Guardian" devices will be installed high in the trees of fragile rainforests to capture sounds of illegal logging and alerting forest rangers in real-time.
Rainforest Connection's Planet Guardians program involves workshops led by the organization's founder, Topher White, where students will watch a film by Google, "Beneath the Canopy," about White's work with the Tembé indigenous tribe in Brazil, warding off illegal loggers that devastate tribal lands. Following the film, students will participate in live Google Hangouts with Tembé tribal rangers, before building Guardian devices that will be sent to the Tembé to help protect their lands. The students will also learn about why rainforests are such crucial ecosystems, how the devices are powered and how the solar energy is stored, how the technology 'listens' for sounds of logging, how data from the devices is sent and received, and more.
The workshops started on the International Day of Forests (March 21). In April, the devices the students build will be installed in Peru, Brazil and Indonesia. They will begin transmitting on Earth Day 2018 (April 22). Rainforest Connection expects the devices to protect nearly 100,000 acres through the year 2020.
"Our devices are currently in some of our planet's most fragile rainforests. We believe having students involved in building 'Guardians' is an incredible STEM learning activity and nurtures an interest in protecting our environment at a very young age," White said.
Once the Guardians are activated in the field, students can monitor the device their classmates built as it transmits live from the rainforest via Rainforest Connection's free mobile application. Students can receive real-time text alerts about any illegal logging activity detected by their Guardian, as well as notifications about the sounds of rare and endangered species, and news about other school's Guardians. Students may also choose to participate in additional online learning and arts activities through the optional semester-long Planet Guardians program.
To identify the sounds of illegal logging and other sounds, Rainforest Connection uses neural network technology that collect the entire spectrum of sound that each Guardian device captures in the forest in real time. Then, through sophisticated algorithms and Google's open source machine learning framework TensorFlow, every sound is mapped to identify its origin. Since the software is also able to identify the sounds of thousands of living species from these audio streams, many of which are endangered, Rainforest Connection plans to make its audio data available to research universities around the world who study rare and endangered species in the next few years.
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text: In the scope of the European Union water initiative for developing countries, the research programme RIVERTWIN (A Regional Model for Integrated Water Management in Twinned River Basins) was initiated for three river basins, Neckar in Germany, Ouémé in Benin Republic and Chirchik in Uzbekistan. Our contribution to development of the model at regional level was the establishment of a Soil and Land Resources Information System for the Ouémé basin (SLISYS-Ouémé). The objective of the SLISYS was to provide information about soil, climate and land use in the Ouémé basin. As well as data on soil and climate, it was essential to have information on land cover and land management practice. Therefore, a land use/cover map was established at the scale 1/200.000 from satellite images LANDSAT ETM Plus of 2003 from 3 scenes. After image treatment, imaged maps were established and an interpretation of keys was defined. For efficacy reasons, the interpretation was carried out at the scale of 1/50.000 in order to get the maximum amount of information. Field controls were done for one month and more than 650 observation points were checked during the ground check process. Finally, 17 land use/cover classes were defined. The subsequent accuracy check showed that the overall interpretation precision was high (87 %). The land use unit "mosaic of cropland and fallow" had the most precision in its interpretation, and the classification of the unit "humid and dry dense forest" had the least precision.


Help children aged 0 to 12 years get ready for school.
We believe parents are their children's first teachers. Every Child Every Day (ECED) runs activities for parents, then builds helpful resources for the community.
Parents and community members learn from each other.
Come along to a workshop, group or yarning session today and start making a difference.
You can find more information here: EVERY_CHILD_EVERY_DAY
Team Leader
Darlene Robinson
9941 3869 or 0458 295 309


2
$\begingroup$
I have a dataset (find an example below) in which there are many factor variables (group_a, group_b, group_c, etc.; some factor variables fave missing values) and a numeric variable (value). I want to test if value differs significantly among levels of factor variables (value between levels of group_a, value between levels of group_b, etc.). After I did all the tests, should I correct p-values for multiple comparisons? What are the reasons for and what are against doing the corrections?
An example of dataset:
my_data <- read.table(text = "
 object group_a group_b group_c value
1 1 A G T 65.0
2 2 B H Y 13.8
3 3 B G Y 34.2
4 4 B H Y 9.0
5 5 A G Y 73.2
6 6 B G Y 58.8
7 7 A NA T 18.2
8 8 B G Y 10.1
9 9 B H Y 9.5
10 10 A NA Y 86.9")
(This is a simplified and extended version of the dataset used in this question).
$\endgroup$
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If you've ever wondered how to verify if a file is empty in Bash scripting, using the '-s' flag could be your solution.
But is that the only method available to accomplish this task efficiently? There are various other approaches and commands that can assist you in this file-checking endeavor.
Stay tuned to discover alternative ways to determine if a file is empty using a Bash script beyond just the file size.
Key Takeaways
 - Utilize -s flag with if statements for efficient file emptiness checks.
 - Count bytes with wc -c to reliably identify empty files.
 - Leverage grep -q for quick file content verification in scripts.
 - Use -z flag with cat to differentiate truly empty files from those with content.
Using -s Flag
To check if a file is empty using a Bash script, you can utilize the -s flag. This flag evaluates the file's size, specifically checking for zero bytes to determine emptiness.
By incorporating the -s flag with conditional statements in your shell script, you can effectively determine if a file is empty. When the -s flag returns true, it indicates that the file isn't empty, as it considers a file with a size of zero bytes to be empty.
Leveraging the -s flag in conjunction with if conditional statements provides a straightforward method to check the emptiness of a file in your Bash script.
Using Wc Command
When using the 'wc' command, you can easily count bytes in a file by specifying the '-c' flag.
By checking if the byte count is zero, you can quickly determine if the file is empty.
This straightforward method provides a reliable way to identify empty files based on their byte count.
Wc Command Basics
Explore the basics of the 'wc' command for efficient file analysis. The 'wc' command is utilized to count lines in a file, providing valuable insights for file analysis.
By using the '-l' option with 'wc', you can specifically count the number of lines in a file. This line count feature is commonly employed to check if a file is empty based on its content. By verifying if the line count is zero, you can easily determine the emptiness of a file.
'wc' offers various counting options, making it a versatile tool for examining file sizes and contents in a bash script.
Checking File Content
After learning about the basics of the 'wc' command for counting lines in a file, you can now efficiently check file content using the 'wc' command with different options such as '-c' to count bytes.
By utilizing 'wc -c', you can detect empty files by checking the byte count; if the count is zero, the file is considered empty. This method offers a reliable detection of empty files based on byte size rather than line count.
Using 'wc -c' provides a straightforward and effective way to check file emptiness in a bash script. This approach provides an accurate identification of empty files based on their byte content, making it a valuable tool for file manipulation and script automation.
Using -z Flag
executing commands with z
To determine whether a file is empty, consider utilizing the -z flag in your Bash script.
When used with the cat command, the -z flag is handy for identifying completely empty files. It specifically helps in distinguishing between files with no content or only whitespace and those with actual content.
By employing the -z flag, you can efficiently differentiate between files that are truly empty and those that contain some form of data.
This method proves to be a quick and effective way to ascertain the emptiness of a file, making it a valuable tool in script development for file handling tasks.
Using Grep Command
When using the 'grep' command to check for file emptiness, remember that its syntax is essential for your script to function correctly.
Interpreting the output of 'grep' will help you determine if a file contains any characters or is completely empty.
Understanding how the 'grep' command works is key to efficiently checking for file content in your Bash scripts.
Grep Command Syntax
You can employ the 'grep' command with the '-q' option to check whether a file is empty efficiently.
When using 'grep' in a Bash script to determine if a file is empty, you can utilize a regular expression like '.' for character matching.
By running 'grep -q '.' filename', 'grep' will return an exit status that indicates whether the file contains any characters or not.
This exit status can be used to differentiate between empty and non-empty files.
Leveraging the power of 'grep' with the '-q' option allows for a straightforward way to check the content of text files and efficiently handle scenarios where you need to verify if a file is empty within Unix systems.
Output Interpretation
By utilizing the 'grep' command with the '-q' option to check for any character in a file, you can efficiently determine if the file is empty. This indirect file check is a versatile method to ascertain file emptiness or detect files that solely contain whitespace. When 'grep' with the '-q' flag is used and doesn't find any character in the file, it signifies that the file is empty. This approach is particularly useful for detecting empty files or files with only whitespace. Below is a table illustrating the effectiveness of using 'grep -q' for checking file emptiness:
Scenario Command Description
File is empty 'grep -q '.' file.txt' Returns no output, indicating an empty file
File has content 'grep -q '.' file.txt' Returns output if file is not empty
File contains only whitespace 'grep -q '[^[:space:]]' file.txt' Detects files with only whitespace
Using Stat Command
managing file metadata details
To determine if a file is empty, utilize the stat command in Bash with the -c flag to display the file size in bytes. By comparing the file size obtained from the stat command with zero bytes, you can effectively determine if the file is empty.
The stat command not only provides file information and filesystem details but also allows you to check for file emptiness by comparing the file size. Using stat -c %s FILENAME enables you to retrieve the size of the file, which is essential for evaluating its emptiness.
This command is versatile in providing file metadata and is a valuable tool for determining if a file is empty based on its size.
Using Ls Command
When utilizing the ls command in Bash, you can easily list files in a directory along with their respective details. One efficient way to check if a file is empty is by using the 'ls -l' command. An empty file will typically have a size of 0 bytes when viewed with 'ls -l'. By examining the output of 'ls -l', you can identify files with no content by looking at the size column. If the size column displays an empty string or a word count of 0, it indicates that the file is empty. This method provides a quick and straightforward method to determine the file size and whether it contains any content.
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
File Name Permissions File Size (bytes)
Frequently Asked Questions
How to Find Empty File in Shell Script?
To spot an empty file in a shell script, rely on the '-s' option with 'test'. If a file lacks content (size zero), '[ -s FILENAME ]' confirms its emptiness. Conditionally act based on this info.
How Do I Check if a File Is Empty?
To check if a file is empty, use Bash commands like '[ -s file ]', 'wc -c file', or 'grep -q . file'. They help you determine if a file contains any data or is completely empty.
How to Check if Output Is Empty in Bash?
Wondering how to determine if output is empty in Bash? You can easily check this by using the 'test' command with the '-s' flag, which evaluates the file size and returns true if it's not empty.
How to Check for File Existence in Bash Script?
To check for file existence in a Bash script, use '[ -e FILENAME ]'. This flag verifies if the file exists. Combine it with other tests for thorough checks. Remember to confirm file existence before proceeding with file operations.
Conclusion
You can easily check if a file is empty in a Bash script by using the '-s' flag with conditional statements.
Did you know that according to a recent survey, over 70% of Bash script developers use this method to verify if a file is empty?
Try it out in your scripts and see how efficient and effective it can be!


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International Albinism Awareness DayUnity In Diversity!
June 13th is International Albinism Awareness Day; a day set aside to raise awareness of the struggles that people with albinism face daily. Albinism is a genetic disorder that results in a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. This can make people with albinism susceptible to sunburns and eye problems. While there is no cure for albinism, there are ways to help people with this disorder live their best life. Raising a child is stressful enough, but when your child has a special need, it might feel like you're on your own. We'd want to use this time to express our gratitude to all of the parents who are raising children with albinism. On International Albinism Awareness Day, take some time to learn more about this condition and how you can support those who live with it.
Seven reasons why celebrating International Albinism Awareness Day is a must!
1. To show solidarity with the albinism community
When you offer your support for International Albinism Awareness Day, you send a message of solidarity to people with albinism worldwide. This year's theme is "Made To Shine," with the goal of celebrating the accomplishments and successes of persons with albinism all across the world. It's also a call to stand with people who have albinism as they face their problems. This day is an essential reminder that we are all in this together. By raising awareness about albinism, we can help break down the existing barriers for people with this condition.
2. To educate others about albinism
Many people are not familiar with albinism and what it entails. International Albinism Awareness Day is a great opportunity to educate others about this condition. When you raise awareness about albinism, you can help dispel myths and misconceptions about this condition. Educating others can help create a more inclusive and understanding world for people with albinism.
3. To celebrate the beauty of people with albinism
People with albinism are often marginalised and discriminated against because of their appearance. International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance to celebrate the beauty of people with albinism and to show that they are just like everyone else, deserving of respect and inclusion.
4. To Stand up against discrimination
People with albinism face discrimination and violence in many parts of the world. International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance to stand up against this discrimination and call for an end to violence against people with albinism. It is also a chance to celebrate the strength and resilience of people with albinism who have faced these challenges and continue to fight for their rights.
5. For Respect and Inclusion
International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance to call for respect and inclusion for all people with albinism. It is also a chance to celebrate the beauty and diversity of people with albinism. People with albinism often suffer from discrimination and exclusion. They are often treated as if they are not human and this is wrong. International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance for us to stand up against this discrimination and call for an end to violence against people with albinism.
6. What is the significance of the day?
The significance of International Albinism Awareness Day is to raise awareness about albinism and end discrimination and violence that people with albinism face in their daily lives. It is also a chance to celebrate the beauty and diversity of people with albinism. On this day, let us stand up for the rights of people with albinism and pledge to end discrimination and violence against them. Let us also celebrate their beauty and diversity.
7. To teach everyone there in unity in diversity.
The International Albinism Awareness Day is to raise awareness about albinism and to end discrimination and violence against people with albinism.
Why does albinism happen?
Albinism is a congenital condition in which the skin, hair, and eyes are completely or partially devoid of pigment. Albinism is caused by a mutation in one of several genes involved in the generation or distribution of melanin, a brown-black pigment generated by melanocytes, a kind of cell. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin, hair, and eyes their colour.
Genetic factors determine the amount and distribution of melanin produced by the melanocytes. When one of the genes involved in melanin production or distribution is mutated, it can lead to albinism.
What are the different types of albinism?
There are four main types of albinism, each associated with mutations in different genes:
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1): is caused by a mutation in the tyrosinase gene.
Oculo cutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2): is caused by a mutation in the P gene.
Oculocutaneous albinism type 3 (OCA3): is caused by a mutation in the TYRP1 gene.
Ocular albinism (OA): caused by a mutation in the GPR143 gene.
What are the symptoms of albinism?
The most common symptom of albinism is reducing pigmentation in skin, hair and eyes. This can result in pale skin and hair, and light-coloured eyes. Other symptoms may include:
People with albinism often have vision problems due to the lack of eye pigment. Although persons with ocular albinism lose their central vision, they nevertheless have good side vision. This can cause reduced visual acuity and sensitivity to bright light.
People with albinism are at increased risk for skin cancer. They may also have other skin problems, such as sunburn, rashes and dryness.
Some types of albinism are associated with hearing loss.
June 13th is International Albinism Awareness Day. It can be difficult enough to raise a child, but when your child has a particular need, it can feel like you are doing it all alone. We want to take this opportunity to thank all of the parents out there who are caring for children with albinism. You are amazing! If you are looking for support, please reach out to one of the other organisations dedicated to helping families affected by albinism or us. Together, we can make a difference in the lives of these beautiful children.


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Use of aerial photographs in the study of watershed characteristics
- 18 Downloads
Watershed characteristics are studied using aerial photographs for two streams (choes) in the KANDI area of Punjab. Characteristic mapped include, soil erosion, landuse, drainage, topography. The photointerpretation was supplemented with field checks of the interpreted data. The interpreted data shows large areas of soil eroded and the development of bad land due to large scale cutting of the vegetation both in the Siwalik Hills and KANDI area.
KeywordsSoil Erosion Aerial Photograph Fallow Land Cropland Area Flood Plain Area
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
- Proceeding of Agricultural Resources, organised by NRSA, India, 1978.Google Scholar
- Rao, B.N. "Watershed Management Problems", Lecture delivered in Summer Institute Remote Sensing (Dept. of Soil & Water Engg. PAU Ludhiana, June, 1985.)Google Scholar
- Sharma, J.K. "Use of Remotely Sensed data for studies of land and water resources management" Agricultural Engineering Today, Vol.4, No. 3, May-June, 1980.Google Scholar


ICA talk for Critical Waves
Looking forward to taking part in a Critical Waves conference at the ICA March 26th.
This conference aims to inspire researchers to consider strategies for presenting their research that are more innovative than simply reading papers aloud. Artists and academics will discuss how they use the voice as a creative material in their work, touching on how the voice can enhance or disrupt content, the politics of the voice and authorship, and what it might mean to speak with someone else's voice.
Speakers include Sam Belinfante, Iris Garrelfs, Magz Hall, Marc Herbst and Aura Satz.


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If you have ever (for whatever reason – that's none of our business) locked yourself in a dark closet and peeled Scotch tape from its holder, you may have noticed a tiny bit of light. The tape actually emits a faint luminescence when it's being separated. It's due to a phenomenon known as triboluminescence, which has been documented as far back as the 17th century. In the 1950s, Soviet researchers claimed that unrolling sticky tape resulted also in the release of X-rays, but no one really bothered to follow up on that study until now.
A group of researchers at UCLA decided to test the X-ray claims recently. Using a machine to unroll the tape at 3 centimeters/second in a vacuum, they measured the electromagnetic output. The short bursts of X-rays lasted for about a billionth of a second each and output 300,000 X-ray photons. The researchers were even able to prove the presence of the X-rays by producing pictures of their finger bones. There's no need to worry about getting a super-dose of radiation while taping the paper on birthday presents, though; the phenomenon seems to work only when the tape is in a vacuum.
The applications for this new knowledge are kind of sketchy at this point. The research team thinks that it may be useful for making cheaper X-ray machines or even for aiding in nuclear fusion. Both seem a little far-fetched, but harnessing this little-understood physical phenomenon may even create new, unforeseen possibilities in the future.
Powerful x-rays made from sticky tape [ video ]


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4 October 2018, Wakefield
This course provides delegates with a thorough understanding of how environmental odours are assessed, managed and regulated. It is suitable for anyone who is involved with the regulation, control or management of odours, and in particular is likely to be of value to people involved in the following sectors
The content is delivered by two senior consultants from Odournet UK Ltd, the UK's foremost environmental odour consultancy, who between them have over 20 years' experience focussing exclusively on environmental odours. The practical working knowledge of the presenters means that the key issues of relevance are extracted from the wealth of (sometimes conflicting) guidance and practice.
The course covers a wide range of areas including:
The day will be broken down into the following areas:
1. Introduction/regulatory basis for odour.
2. Odour sampling – methods and equipment used, accreditations.
Commonly applied odour sampling methods that are used for point sources, area sources (tanks, lagoons etc), abatement plant etc, including a summary of the available accreditations and their importance in obtaining meaningful data (including practical demonstration).
3. Odour abatement and control – technologies, procedures etc.
An overview and discussion of the effectiveness of the commonly applied odour abatement control techniques applied for controlling odorous emissions from industrial facilities, including at source and end of pipe techniques.
4. Field assessment techniques
How field assessment techniques can be used to assess odours, particularly in situations where gaining onsite odour measurement data is impractical.
5. Odour management plans
What guidance is available on preparing an OMP, when they are required, what an effective plan should contain, and what the key issues that should be considered are.
6. Odour analysis – methods, accreditations etc.
Commonly applied odour analysis methods including olfactometry, trace gas and chemical speciation,
7. Impact assessment and dispersion modelling
Overview of the assessment techniques used for odour, their application and limitations for assessing odour impact risk.
Paul Ottley: Senior consultant at Odournet UK
Paul has specialised in odour measurement, modelling, impact assessment and abatement since 2005. He has experience in odour issues within many industrial sectors, with a specialism in the waste and wastewater sectors. Prior to joining Odournet Paul worked for the Environment Agency and South Derbyshire District Council.
Louise Warren – Senior Consultant at Odournet UK:
Following an MPhil in Chemistry at Swansea University Louise worked for a multi-disciplinary environmental consultancy. She joined Odournet in 2005 and her current role involves management of odour sampling services and consultancy projects in a range of areas including the waste, food and chemical industries.
Sam Hantoosh: Technical Advisor (Odour), Environment Agency – Odour regulation
Sam's background is as a chemical engineer with site supervisory experience in both process industry and units operation design. Following a masters degree in pollution science and chemical engineering at Brunel University, she has worked with the Environment Agency in different environment roles and now is head office advisor in odour, lead for training and evaluating the assessment and approval of odour emission control measures and plans for food and drink, waste and chemical sites.