When to use Java GSS-API vs. JSSE
Java GSS-API and JSSE provide you with the same basic set of security features:
 1. Client-server authentication
 2. Encryption and integrity protection of transmitted data
However, there are some key difference between the two. This document lists some of them to help you decide which might be more appropriate in your environment:
 1. Kerberos Single Sign-On Support
 In the Java 2 Standard Edition, GSS-API contains support for Kerberos as a mandatory security mechanism. This means that if your desktop has Kerberos support, you can write Java GSS-API based applications that never prompt the user for a password.
 At present JSSE does not support cipher suites to use Kerberos-based authentication. Support for such a cipher suite is dependent on its standarization in the TLS protocol at the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
 2. Communications API
 JSSE supports a socket-based API. JSSE sockets extend the socket classes found in java.net and JSSE socket factories extend the socket factories found in javax.net. Thus, if your application is written such that its security needs to be configured via a socket factory, then JSSE might be more appropriate for you. JSSE sockets need to use some reliable transport. Typically, implementations use TCP.
 Java GSS-API, on the other hand, is a token-based API that relies on the application to do the communication. This means that the application can use TCP sockets, UDP datagrams, or any other channel that will allow it to transport Java GSS-API generated tokens. If your application has varying communication protocol needs, then Java GSS-API might be more appropriate for you. Java GSS-API can read and write its tokens using input and output streams. However, you will need to set up the streams yourself.
 3. Credential Delegation
 Java GSS-API allows the client to delegate its credentials to the server when using Kerberos. If your application will be deployed in a multi-tier environment where intermediaries need to impersonate clients when talking to backend layers, Java GSS-API might be more appropriate for you.
 4. Selective Encryption
 Because Java GSS-API is token-based, you can choose to selectively encrypt certain messages but not all. If your application needs to intersperse plaintext and ciphertext messages, Java GSS-API might be more appropriate for you.
 5. Protocol Requirements
 JSSE provides an implementation of the TLS protocol defined in RFC 2246. Java GSS-API provides an implementation of the GSS-API framework defined in RFC 2853, as well as an implementation of the Kerberos Version 5 mechanism defined in RFC 1964. (On Microsoft Windows platforms, this may be known as SSPI with Kerberos.) Some servers such as HTTPS servers will require you to use TLS, in which case JSSE will be appropriate for you. Other servers such as LDAP servers using SASL might need GSS-API with Kerberos, in which case Java GSS-API will be appropriate for you.


You are hereIsle of Benbeculla
Isle of Benbeculla
Mermaid's Grave
Pictish Mermaid
A mermaid is said to be buried in the sands in the area around Nunton. In 1830 some women who were gathering seaweed spotted a mermaid in the waters close to the shore.They tried in vain to catch her, but she was too clever for them. Read More »
The Blobster of the Isle of Benbeculla
In the early 1990's a twelve foot carcass covered in sand and seaweed was discovered on a Benbecula beach by 16 year old Louise Whitts. Read More »
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Commerce () is a one of the three basic economic inputs found in Civilization IV. It is produced by trade routes, and by tiles when they are worked by population in a city. See the article on production for more info.
Commerce should not be mistaken for gold (). Gold is produced from commerce (if slider settings indicate that), and gold is also produced by certain buildings. Commerce is produced only by tiles and trade routes.
Commerce is produced inherently by the following types of terrain:
Tile Improvements Edit
Commerce is generated by these tile improvements:
Many resources generate commerce. Some resources add commerce to their tile even before they are improved:
Many resources add commerce only when they've been improved with the particular improvement which unlocks the resource:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Calibration - Transmission
Evaluate & Calibrate
Steady results in solving all calibration tasks require modern software tools that meet the complexity of the tasks and applications. During their usage within the development process, those tools have to meet requirements like data quality, reproducibility, stability and safety.
The aspired and necessary efficiency of calibration workflows demands permanent derivatives of methods. AVL has a long-time experience and is leading in the development of high-performance tools and methods in XCU calibration. Our aim is to provide a complete workflow for each single calibration task. A significant increase in efficiency when using AVL calibration software has been proved in worldwide practical usage.
Benefits at a Glance
- Software tools to support development engineers during the entire calibration workflow
- The complex influences of XCU parameters are easier to manage
- Models can be reused throughout the different stages of the development process
- Full utilization of the test facility due to intelligent test runs – even in unmanned 24-hour operation
- Tools are supported and maintained on a global scale (roll-out capability for test facilities and different locations)
- Development focus on calibration tasks instead of on the development of calibration tools

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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There are many plugins which enhance registration options, but I have seen none which allow for users to be automatically sorted into different usergroups upon registration, based on custom criteria.
The native settings currently allow for the all new registrants to be placed into a certain role, initially. My knowledge of PHP is beginner level, but it seems much of like this would be easy to do, since many of the basic functions already exist.
- If registration email contains user-defined criteria, then filter into certain user group automatically. Highly useful if you say, wanted to have a student usergroup for large numbers of students. Upon registering with an activation link from a.edu email, they are sorted as such. Numerous other applications apply
Add a single field to registration form, which allows for any possible sorting profile based on an alphanumeric value entered in this field.
- The option to turn a single field, lets call it "referral code", on during registration.
- User then specifies rules for sorting new registrants into different user roles (would be incredible if this could hook up with the capabilities of plugins like
to create a rule which says something like:
- If referral code contains the string "AT2", then place into "X" usergroup, which has the ability to view content restricted (by currently existing plugins) to groups X,D,and R.
Another way to add powerful functionality for sites which require a lot of automated user management and categorization would be to add a means of easily adding custom profile fields to user's profile. These fields could be hidden to public, or visible to public.
This would then be combined with user defined rules which modify this information in user's profiles. For example:
- If X radio button value was selected during registration, and Y checkmark was selected, then add a note saying "Z" to that user's profile, and make this note hidden to public, and the user.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS REGARDING WEST NILE VIRUS
West Nile virus (WNV) is an endemic health threat in North America associated with significant human morbidity and mortality. Since no drugs or vaccines against it have been approved for human use, the only effective way to combat WNV is through limiting contact with the mosquitoes that transmit it. As such, ensuring the public is educated about the virus and risk factors associated with exposure is paramount to the reduction of WNV-associated disease. Studies investigating the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the public with regard to WNV and the factors associated with taking measures to prevent exposure have demonstrated links between perception of personal risk, perception of possible consequences of infection, and likelihood of taking preventative measures. No such study, however, had been conducted on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of university students in South Dakota or the influence of the historical number of WNV cases on perceived risk. Our investigation recapitulated the association between perception of risk and protective behavior reported by previous studies and found that knowledge level, perception of threat posed by infection, and relation to an individual who had been diagnosed with the disease are all associated with protective behavior. We found no association between areas of academic study or historical risk and protective behavior. Our findings may be useful to encourage WNV prevention behaviors among university students in South Dakota.


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here are several main reasons why one or three axes of engraving machine do not move or move abnormally
1: Loose or faulty control card.
2: The drive of the corresponding shaft is faulty.
3: Corresponding axis stepper motor fault.
4: The corresponding coupling is broken or loose.
5: The corresponding screw rod is broken or the screw nut fails.
6: The sliding speed of the corresponding shaft fails.
7: Driver subdivision, current, and other settings are different from those in the software.


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For the third year, middle school science teachers from across Ohio came to Otterbein's campus in June to learn new teaching strategies. Approximately 30 teachers from 11 school districts participated in OP2: Operation Physics, a tuition-free, five semester-hour graduate course that combines basic physical science concepts with hands-on materials and activities. It is modeled after a successful program developed by the National Science Foundation. OP2: Operation Physics was made possible this year by a grant of $106,480 from the Ohio Board of Regents.
"Our goal is to produce teachers who are excited and confident about teaching physical science in the middle grades, and who are competent to do so," said Wendy Sherman Heckler, OP2: Operation Physics instructor.
"I anticipate more hands-on activity in my classroom, more asking why, predicting what's going to happen, what's the science behind it," said LeeAnn Hoerle, a fifth-grade teacher for South-Western City School District.
Below is a photo of the event. For more information about OP2: Operation Physics, visit _URL_


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Parking can be a nightmare in the city, anyone in Kuala Lumpur will tell you. As the country moves into an endemic stage, Malaysians are seeing a return to traffic congestion and finding a parking spot at your place of work becomes a race against time.
The solution? Getting cars off the road.
According to Rehda institute trustee Datuk Ng Seing Liong, reducing the number of car parks down to zero will reduce both traffic congestion and the mad dash for a parking spot.
With increased efforts from the government to build connectivity infrastructures, such as the mass rapid transit (MRT), light rail transit (LRT) and bus rapid transit (BRT), Ng questioned the necessity of car parks in big cities like Kuala Lumpur. He pointed to cities such as Melbourne and Hong Kong, where there is a decreased need for car parks due to the strength of their public transport.
However, despite the increasing connectivity in Malaysia's largest cities, Malaysia has not quite reached its goal of making public transport a viable mode of travel.
"The LRT is going from Damansara to Klang but by reaching the station you still haven't reached your home, so you still have the last mile," Ng said during the recent 2022 Regional Housing Conference.
To fully embrace public transport, Ng pressed on the need for the government to provide feeder buses at MRT stations to all surrounding housing areas. This is the last mile. It is an important part of connectivity, as people coming from the MRT still require transportation to bring them to their homes.
"Not many people can afford a grab or taxi and it's not cheap, it's RM10 to RM20," Ng said.
The government is more than capable of providing free shuttle buses at MRT stations, as evidenced by the MRT Kajang line shuttle bus services during the temporary suspensions of three MRT Kajang line stations.
Car parks already take up unnecessary space in busy cities, and more often than not, property developers build additional car parks that go unused. This has contributed significantly to the cost of construction of a project and the value of the property involved.
In a building with car parks, developers will have to create spaces that are expensive, especially in urban areas. Municipally zoned parking requirements could further lead to a waste of land usage.
With a viable public transport option, people will be encouraged to take the sustainable option, rather than rely on their own vehicles, leaving car parks obsolete.
The core pillar of such a solution is transit-oriented developments (TODs), which require a reframing of how transport is perceived.
Rather than the singular function of the current transportation system, transportation in TODs is created to be multi-purpose communities that also incorporate residential development, offices, public facilities and green spaces. A TOD should be within a five-minute walking distance of a transit station.
In Selangor, Sunway City's free shuttle bus acts as an example of an alternative transport option, following a route that includes the residential areas in the city, universities, commercial centres and the hospital.
Ng calls for developers to think outside the box when it comes to transportation options instead of creating more car parks. In seeking a sustainable way to optimise the shrinking land bank, Malaysian cities might one day be car park free.


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I am interested in studying moduli of complex surfaces which arise in computing the differential on the Heegaard Floer Homology chain complex. In particular, I am interested in the generic case, when the holomorphic discs in $\operatorname{Sym}^g\Sigma$ are as "bad" as possible. I have searched online for some examples of "generic"/"complicated" Whitney disks in the symmetric product, but most papers I see deal with special cases (namely where one can see by inspection and the Riemann mapping theorem that certain homotopy classes of Whitney disks are uniquely representable by holomorphic disks).
To elaborate on what I mean by "complicated" holomorphic disks, let's recall a certain (now standard) perspective on the Whitney disks. If we have a holomorphic disk $\phi:\mathbb D^2\to\operatorname{Sym}^g\Sigma$, then we can consider the fiber product: $$\begin{matrix} S&\xrightarrow{\tilde\phi}&\Sigma\times\operatorname{Sym}^{g-1}\Sigma\cr \downarrow& &\downarrow\cr \mathbb D^2&\xrightarrow\phi &\operatorname{Sym}^g\Sigma \end{matrix}$$ Then $S\to\mathbb D^2$ is a $g$-fold ramified cover (and the fiber over a point $p\in\mathbb D^2$ is "the $g$ points in $\Sigma$ given by $\phi(p)$"). Thus another way of viewing holomorphic disks in $\operatorname{Sym}^g\Sigma$ is as $g$-fold ramified maps $S\to\mathbb D^2$ along with a map $S\to\Sigma$. Thus, even though we consider only disks mapping to $\operatorname{Sym}^g\Sigma$, moduli spaces of more complicated Riemann surfaces naturally come in to play in Heegaard Floer Homology as moduli of the ramified cover $S$.
I am interested in the following "complicated" behaviour of $S$ and of the map $\tilde\phi:S\to\Sigma$:
 1. Can the map $S\to\Sigma$ fail to be an immersion? (I believe the answer is yes; in fact I think I know where to look for more information on this, I just haven't followed up on it yet).
 2. In general, what do the "slits" or "cuts" along the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ curves look like in $S$, and how does $S$ degenerate as these slits vary in length? Do the slits ever interact with each other (e.g. by colliding), or do they all give "independent" degenerations of $S$? (this is a bit vague, but if someone has an enlightening example, I'd really like to see it)
 3. Can $S$ have positive genus? This is the question I'm really most interested in. I have on good authority that the answer is yes, so actually what I really want is an example where $S$ has positive genus and contributes to the differential (or at least has Maslov index one).
share|improve this question
As for 3, doesn't Lemma 9.4 in Ozsváth and Szabó's "Holomorphic disks and topological invariants for closed three-manifolds" exhibit an instance where $S$ is an annulus? – Marco Golla Mar 11 '12 at 9:17
I do know of examples where $S$ is an annulus (I like the pictures in math.ucla.edu/~lwatson/pages/pdf/resume-CIRGET-liam.pdf), and can easily imagine how to get a sphere minus $k$ disks. But these all have genus zero. – John Pardon Mar 11 '12 at 20:15
Sorry - messed up between genus and Euler characteristic of the associated closed surface.. My comment was fairly useless. – Marco Golla Mar 11 '12 at 20:27
Have you looked at Robert Lipshitz's thesis? He takes something similar to this ramified cover approach. If I recall correctly, I heard him give a talk in which he mentioned in passing that one must consider curves with genus, though I don't remember what justification he gave. (You might also consider asking him directly. I'm sure he knows the answer to these questions. If you get an answer this way, please do come back and write up a summary for mathoverflow.) – Sam Lisi Mar 27 '12 at 0:06
1 Answer 1
up vote 6 down vote accepted
 1. Yes, $S \to \Sigma$ can fail to be an immersion. The failure is a branch point of the map $S \to \Sigma$, since it is (close to) a holomorphic map. This is fairly common as soon as the multiplicity of some region in $\Sigma$ gets higher than $1$. Of course, in the simple examples you can actually compute, this tends not to happen.
 2. A "slit" along the $\alpha$ or $\beta$ curves looks like a perfectly ordinary piece of the boundary upstairs in $S$, including at the end of the slit. It's best to think about the end of the slit as a boundary branch point, looking locally like the map $z \to z^2$ restricted to the upper half-plane in the domain. Slits cannot collide, due to boundary monotonicity: above each point on $\partial \mathbb{D}^2$, the $g$ different points map to distinct $\alpha$-curves. I don't know what you mean by "independent" degenerations, sorry....
 3. Yes, higher genus images can happen, and it's not too hard to construct examples that are forced by gluing, although again in most cases where you're able to compute Heegaard Floer homology by directly counting curves it does not. The index formula in Corollary 4.3 of Lipshitz's paper "A cylindrical reformulation of Heegaard Floer homology" will let you easily construct examples of high genus surface with index 1, and a little more playing around should let you see that some of these must actually have representatives.
share|improve this answer
Thanks! I understand your answer to #3, and am satisfied with this construction of higher genus S. Given the vague phrasing of #2, your answer gives me the information I wanted (particularly that the slits do not collide). – John Pardon Apr 2 '12 at 2:24
I'm still confused about #1, though. More specifically, I thought that following the proof of Lemma 2.17 in Oszvath--Szabo "Holomorphic disks and topological invariants for closed three-manifolds" (or Lemma 4.1 in Lipschitz "A cylindrical reformulation of Heegaard Floer homology") gives for any domain D a surface S --> Sigma which is an immersion on its interior. And wouldn't every holomorphic disk in that homotopy class determined by D (say g>2) give the same map S --> Sigma except possibly differing by the lengths of the slits? – John Pardon Apr 2 '12 at 2:29
A map with interior branch points can be homotopic to one without them. Specifically, in the construction you refer to, they construct maps with corners of greater than 180 degrees. These can turn into slits, i.e., boundary branch points. Two boundary branch points in turn can trade off for an interior branch point. I now see my answer to #2 above was incomplete. When the boundary of $S$ maps with two U-turns (boundary branch points) in a row along a single boundary component, the two branch points can collide to form an interior branch point. – Dylan Thurston Apr 3 '12 at 9:15
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Fiction Addiction: Q&A with Paula Morris
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Paula Morris looked closer to home for the subject matter of her new novel, Rangatira. Photo / Supplied
Expat New Zealand writer Paula Morris has travelled the word in her novels, from the cemeteries of New Orleans to the haunted city of York and the New York PR scene (as well as the streets of Auckland), but the inspiration from her latest release, Rangatira, came from closer to home. It was in her blood.
Rangatira fictionalises a 19th century journey taken by Ngati Wai chief Paratene Te Manu, Morris's great-great-great uncle (if I'm deciphering her family tree correctly).
The novel opens with Paratene posing for the artist Gottfried Lindauer in Auckland in 1886, and thinking back to an extraordinary voyage he made 20 years earlier, to Victorian England. (The painting is now in storage at Auckland Art Gallery but, as you'll see below, Morris took novelist's liberties with the story of its creation.)
We asked Morris about where the facts peter off and the imagination begins, the pressure to do justice to Paratene's story and what's at the top of her Christmas book wishlist.
Q: When did you first become aware of the story of Paratene Te Manu, and why did you decide to write about it?
A: When I was researching my second novel, Hibiscus Coast, back in 2002, I came across James Cowan's book Pictures of Old New Zealand. I saw the Lindauer portrait of Paratene for the first time and read the transcript of Paratene's own account of his life, where he talks about his various taua (war parties) and battles as a young man, and about the trip to England in 1863. I also discovered that he was one of the last owners/inhabitants of Little Barrier, along with my great-great grandparents, Rahui Te Kiri and Tenetahi. There was so much dramatic possibility in this story: I knew it wouldn't leave me alone.
Q: Tell us about the process of researching and writing Rangatira - how long did it take and where did it lead you?
A: I wrote a short story first, in 2003 when I was a student at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, and didn't do much research for this. (I am much lazier than people realise!) But after the story was published in a few different places the following year, I was nudged into re-thinking it as a novel. Everything blurs for me because I also seem to be working on 10 things at once, and moving to different places, and scrambling to earn a living. But I think research for the novel began in earnest in 2005. I spent a lot of time over five years in libraries and archives in New Zealand and the UK, and I also visited a lot of the places Paratene would have seen or known - Marlborough House in London, Birmingham Town Hall, Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, the sandspit at Ngunguru. Many people helped along the way.
Q: What effect has this journey of discovery had on you, as a relative of Paratene?
A: It's always interesting, trying to look at things from someone else's point of view, to make the imaginative leap. With a relative, perhaps you think more about resonances with your own life and character. When I think about the restlessness of Paratene's life, which was not untypical of Maori of his era, especially coastal iwi -all the moving from place to place at different times of year, or for protection, or warfare, or adventure, or commerce - I guess there are parallels of sorts in my own life. Paratene thought of several different places as home, and moved constantly between them. His decision to go to England was incredibly rash and eleventh-hour.
Q: Did your personal connection to the story make it easier to write, or harder? Did you feel an extra responsibility to do Paratene's story justice?
A: I'm not sure. For a long time the book was hard to write, but that was because I was unsure about the scope. Deciding to focus everything around the trip to England was key. It also meant I didn't have to research the entire nineteenth century!
The issue of responsibility is an interesting one. With any'real-life' story there are issues of representation to consider, and I didn't want to invent a Paratene Te Manu who bore little resemblance to the historical record. I read whatever I could of his voice - the oral history, some letters, newspaper reports, court testimony - over and over, obsessively, to build a fictional character from the pieces of the real man that remain, and to try to understand what was important to him, what he cared about.
But the responsibilities of a family member, a biographer, and a novelist are not the same. A novelist's chief responsibility is to the reader, I think. We're not restricted to (or by) facts, and our way of honouring an ancestor is unlikely to be a straightahead eulogy. We're looking for complexity, conflict, story. This is one of the reasons I decided to focus on the English trip, where there is a lot of source material, including an amazing detailed account by Paratene of the voyage over. There was plenty of story there, plus a lot of historical record - and photographs.
Q: What were your starting points for creating the character of Paratene, and at what point did artistic licence kick in?
A: Reading letters by him (and by others that mention him) was very useful, but it's like finding 50 pieces of a 500-piece jigsaw puzzle. You have a start, but there's a lot to make up! Artistic licence began the moment I read the oral history in 2002. I started imagining the possibilities, the omissions, the bigger picture, the reasons. Researching a novel based in family history is detective work for a case that can never be solved. You have to imagine a lot of the twists and turns.
Q: What are the main departures from fact in the book, and why did you decide to write them in this way?
A: The book imagines a meeting between Lindauer and Paratene, with them spending long hours together in a temporary studio in Auckland in 1886. Their conversations punctuate Paratene's story of the English trip, so I needed them to have substantial amounts of time together. It's unlikely that they ever met in real life; Lindauer probably painted from a photograph. But I liked the idea of them talking about England, because Lindauer went there himself in 1886. And they had in common the experience of being in a foreign country, unable to speak the language - Paratene in England, and Lindauer when he first arrived in New Zealand.
In the novel, Paratene and Horomona Te Atua have two invented excursions together that I couldn't resist: one to the Alhambra Theatre in Leicester Square, Victorian London's most notorious music hall, and one to the London studio of the painter James Smetham. The story demanded these scenes, just as it demanded that the two actual appearances in Birmingham Town Hall be conflated into one, for example.
Q: Describe the experience of seeing the Lindauer portrait of Paratene up close for the first time.
A: Brilliant. Very moving and exciting. I would love to see it again, hanging on the wall of the Auckland Art Gallery. I would fly home just to see it. I would visit it every single day.
Q: Favourite book, ever?
A: This is the hardest question of all. The first title to enter my head is Lucky Jim by Kingsley Amis, so I'll go with that.
Q: What book is at the top of your Christmas wish-list?
A: Don De Lillo's story collection, The Angel Esmeralda.
- Herald online
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Kealakaha Stream Bridge Replacement
|Client Name:||State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Hawaii District|
|Disciplines Applied:||Construction Management|
RMTC provided full construction management services for this FHWA-funded project. All records and documentation were prepared in accordance with FHWA requirements.
Kealakaha Stream gulch is over 600 feet wide and 170 feet deep. The replacement bridge is located makai of existing bridge, and measures 720 feet from abutment to abutment. The existing structure has been declared a Category I Historic Bridge by the State of Hawaii, DLNR Historic Preservation Division. Therefore, no alterations to bridge are permitted and the new bridge must be in addition to the existing structure which has been found to be deficient in width, curvature, sight distance and structural capacity in addition to non-conformance to current federal highway standards.
Kealakaha Stream gulch is over 600 feet wide and 170 feet deep.
The main structural components of the bridge are two box girder piers, one on each side of the gulch. Each pier is supported by eight 5-foot diameter reinforced concrete shafts, each 115 feet in length. These shafts were drilled in the side slope of the gulch such that the tip of each shaft was above the 100 year flood elevations of the stream. The bridge superstructure is supported by Friction Pendulum Seismic Isolation bearings. These bearings are placed at both abutments and at the box girder pier columns to protect the bridge superstructure from earthquake damage. These bearings are designed using the response characteristics of a pendulum. Each bearing consists of an articulated slider plate and a plate with a concave surface. The slider plate is attached to the superstructure and the concave plate is attached to the bridge foundations. During an earthquake, the slider plate slides along the concave surface to dampen the forces of the earthquake.


text:
A filter for enchanced H-alpha nebula observations with UV/near IR suppressiong function - especially removing red end spectrum interference.
The HEUIB-II is a UV/IR-cut filter enhanced for shooting H-alpha nebulae at wave length of 656.3nm.
This will reduce the interference from the red end spectrum associated with regular astronomical IR-cut filters such as UIBAR-III, and as a result enhance the wave length of H-alpha nebulae. Even in comparison with our conventional HEUIB filter, HEUIB-II has less interference from the red end spectrum as a result of the increase in the red spectrum suppression range. Thus, the image of nebulae at the H-alpha region will get enhanced.
The HEUIB-II filter utilizes the IGAD (ion-Gun AssistDeposition) coating technology which has been applied to our regular LPS-P2 and LPS-V4 series. The IGAD technology densifies the multi-layers - the heart of interference filters - resulting in the physical properties that cannot be obtained from the conventional multi-layers.
1) Highly durable thin layers of which hardness equals to quartz glasses. Tremendously improved adherence between the substrate and the multi-layers set.
2) Absolutely almost no aging variation in optical spectral characteristics due to temperature and humidity change as far as used in the regular human living environments.


text:
To avoid grabbing the unintentional user motion in a video sequence, video stabilization techniques are used to obtain better-looking video for the final user. We present a low power rototranslational solution, extending our previous work specifically addressed for translational motion only. The proposed technique achieves a high degree of robustness with respect to common difficult conditions like noise perturbations, illumination changes, and motion blurring. Moreover, it is also able to cope with regular patterns, moving objects and it is very precise, reaching about 7% of improvement in jitter attenuation, compared to previous results. Overall performances are competitive also in terms of computational cost: it runs at more than 30 frames / s with VGA sequences, with a CPU ARM926EJ-S at just 100 MHz clock frequency.
Despite the great advances that have been made in the field of digital photography and CMOS/CCD sensors, several
sources of distortion continue to be responsible for image quality degradation. Among them, a great role is played by
sensor noise and motion blur. Of course, longer exposure times usually lead to better image quality, but the change in the
photocurrent over time, due to motion, can lead to motion blur effects. The proposed low-cost technique deals with the
aforementioned problem using a multi-capture denoising algorithm, obtaining a good quality with sensible reduction of
the motion blur effects.
DCT based compression engines1,2 are well known to introduce color artifacts on the processed input frames, in
particular for low bit rates. In video standards, like MPEG-23, MPEG-44, H2635, and in still picture standards, like
JPEG6,7, blocking and ringing distortions are understood and considered, so different approaches have been developed to
reduce these effects8,9,10,11. On the other side, other kinds of phenomenon have not been deeply investigated. Among
them, the chromatic color bleeding effects has only recently received proper attention12,13. The scope of this paper is to
propose and describe an innovative and powerful algorithm to overcome this kind of color artifacts.
New approaches to Color Interpolation based on Discrete Wavelet Transform are described. The Bayer data are split into the three colour components; for each component the Wavelet Coefficient Interpolation (WCI) algorithm is applied and results are combined to obtain the final colour interpolated image. A further anti-aliasing algorithm can be applied in order to reduce false colours. A first approach consists of interpolating wavelet coefficients starting from a spatial analysis of the input image. It was considered an interpolation step based on threshold levels associated to the spatial correlation of the input image pixel. A second approach consists of interpolating wavelet coefficients starting from the analysis of known coefficients of the second transform level. The resolution of each wavelet transform level is double as regards the successive one, so we can suppose a correspondence among wavelet coefficients belong to successive sub-bands. Visual quality of the interpolated RGB images is improved, reducing the zipper and aliasing effects. Moreover, in an embedded systems, which use JPEG2000 compression, a low computational cost is achieved in both cases since only some threshold evaluations and the IDWT step are performed for the first approach, while the second one involves only the DWT and IDWT steps.


text:
A purely interferometric method is suggested by which known standard wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum are used to determine new wavelength standards in the infrared. The application of the method of exact fractions to measurements made using a Fabry-Perot interferometer whose plates are coated with highly reflecting dielectric films is discussed. It is shown that the large phase corrections introduced by these films may be reduced to differential corrections if relative wavelength measurements are made near wavelengths for which the phase change on reflection is π. A method of experimentally determining both the differential correction and wavelengths at which the phase change of π occurs is suggested.
© 1955 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article


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i am trying to upload a sound file into my class.
i am using this method
but how do i specify the location of the song i wantCode:
string strFilename = args;
File soundFile = new File(strFilename);
for example the song is in the desktop under name (song1.wav)
and what if i want to upload mp3?


Running and Deploying Inference
Once you have a model that meets both OpenVINO™ and your requirements, you can choose how to deploy it with your application.
Local deployment uses OpenVINO Runtime that is called from, and linked to, the application directly. It utilizes resources available to the system and provides the quickest way of launching inference.
Deployment via OpenVINO Model Server allows the application to connect to the inference server set up remotely. This way inference can use external resources instead of those available to the application itself.
Apart from the default deployment options, you may also deploy your application for the TensorFlow framework with OpenVINO Integration.


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A vacuum generator provides the basis for a vacuum system. In vacuum technology, a distinction can be made between pneumatic and electrical vacuum generators. Pneumatic vacuum generators are operated using compressed air and therefore enable a very compact design. This means they can be mounted directly where the vacuum is required. The vacuum solutions from Schmalz thus ensure the shortest possible cycle times. Vacuum generators that work with compressed air are referred to as ejectors.
Electrical vacuum generation is characterized by maximum suction capacity, which makes it ideal for handling porous workpieces or components with gaps. In vacuum systems, electrical vacuum generators are also used for particularly heavy workpieces. These types of vacuum generators can also be divided into the categories "vacuum pump" and "vacuum blower."
Another essential component of a vacuum system is the gripper that makes contact with the workpiece. At Schmalz, a distinction is made between vacuum suction cups and special grippers. The right suction cup is essential to ensure safe operation of the vacuum system. With its comprehensive range of suction cups and special grippers, Schmalz has the optimum gripper for every application.
The vacuum generator and vacuum suction cup components are common to most vacuum technology systems. Thanks to the wide range of options and variants, Schmalz ensures that every application in the field of vacuum technology meets the highest quality requirements.


OpenModelica
Solvers
The different integration methods for the C runtime are listed here. The default solver used is DASSL. The C++ runtime has support for the IDA solver and other sundials packages.
DASSL
This is a BDF method that selects its order (1-5) and step size at each step. It uses Newton's method to solve the resulting system of equations. It provides Newton's method with an initial guess by evaluating a polynomial that interpolates the last few time steps. These points are then used to calculate initial guesses for the derivatives. It has additional features like root finding functionality, and an initial condition solver for when not all initial values are given explicitly.
Runge-Kutta
This is the classical 4-th order Range-Kutta method based on a fixed step.
Euler
Standard Euler method with fixed step.
Compiler
The OpenModelica Compiler (OMC) is used to flatten Modelica models, transform them and output them into a format suitable for simulation. The compiler source code is mainly written in MetaModelica and is contained in the OMCompiler/Compiler directory.
Model Flattening and Debugging
Return flat Modelica for last class in file file.mo using MSL and SolarTherm libraries:
omc file.mo Modelica SolarTherm
Create graph dot model for DAE of class (silencing flat model output):
omc -q -d=daedumpgraphv file.mo
Use omc --help=debug to get more debug options.
Simulation
The OMC SimCode module outputs the model into the target language. By default this is C source code, but other formats can be selected with the --simCodeTarget flag (see also OMCompiler/Compiler/SimCode/SimCodeMain.mo).
The simulation runtime source code is contained under OMCompiler/SimulationRuntime. This contains the C and C++ runtimes and several others.
C Simulation Runtime
The C code target is selected by default and the resulting code is generated by:
omc -q -s file.mo Modelica SolarTherm
The generated source is then compiled and linked to the C simulation runtime library into a final executable. When the last class in the input file is Class, the executable is built with:
make -f Class.makefile
It is then simulated with:
./Class
Experiment annotations in Class don't seem to be used. The Class_init.xml file contains model information and simulation parameters. The C simulation runtime reads this file, so things like time intervals can be changed without recompiling the simulation executable.
The simulation executable can accept a number of command line (call with -help and -help=<flag> for more information). For example to output events:
./Class -lv=LOG_EVENTS
By default the simulation will output the results into a file named Class_res.mat, which is a MAT-file version 4. Another optional output is a CSV file, but this dramatically slows down the simulation.
Listed below are the source files generated in this process and an initial attempt to explain their purpose.
.makefile
Makefile for building the simulation executable. It could be manually edited if trouble with linking libraries in compilation.
_init.xml
Is an extension of the FMI standard. It has 3 main parts. The first is a high level description of the mode including the model name and number of variables. The second is the experiment parameters and the third is a list of the model variables along with their types, reference values and some parameters.
_info.json
Appears to contain similar information as that in the variables section of Class_init.xml.
.c
This contains the main function for the simulation, which puts together the simulation data (the DATA struct defined in SimulationRuntime/c/simulation_data.h) from the other source files and then passes it off to the _main_SimulationRuntime function (defined in SimulationRuntime/c/simuation/simulation_runtime.{h,cpp}). This data contains information about the model (e.g., number of states) and callbacks for evaluating different parts of the model. The file defines functions for evaluating equations and algorithms in the model. It then builds the DAE and ODE systems from these functions which are used as callbacks.
_functions.{h,c}
These files appear to contain struct definitions for any records that are defined and wrapper functions for any external C code used. Included by most other files here.
_model.h
A whole heap of macros that are used for conveniently accessing things like the current value of a variable in the simulation. The macros are used in the callback functions and operate on the simulation data passed to the callback function. Included by most other files here.
_literals.h
I think just some simple string literals defined. Included by most other files here.
_includes.h
Empty in the examples examined.
_records.c
Contains some additional code for records, for example names for the record and record fields.
_01exo.c
Constructors and deconstructors for external objects.
_02nls.c
Contains nonlinear systems (haven't observed it populated yet).
_03lsy.c
Linear systems (haven't observed it populated yet).
_04set.c
Initial state set (haven't observed it populated yet).
_05evt.c
Raw time, zero crossing, relation and discrete events. For zero crossings it contains a callback function that calls relevant functions defined in .c in order to update variables, and another callback function for checking transitions.
_06inz.c
Contains equation and algorithm functions for initialising variables. These equations are named with indices smaller than the functions in .c. Also contains function to initialise mixed systems (haven't observed it populated yet).
_07dly.c
Delay. Don't know what this does and haven't seen it populated.
_08bnd.c
Updates bound parameters and variable attributes start, nominal, min and max. Not sure exactly when this would be used. It contains equation and algorithm functions for this purpose with indices greater than those in .c.
_09alg.c
Collects together the functions from .c for the algebraic system.
_10asr.c
Contains functions checking and throwing asserts. These functions have indices greater than those in _08bnd.c.
_11mix.{h,c}
Contains mixed systems (haven't observed it populated yet).
_12jac.{h,c}
Contains functions for calculating and initialising the Jacobian. It seems to always contain sparsity information. The compiler flag --generateSymbolicJacobian needs to be set to produce equations for the symbolic calculation of the jacobian. Additionally a compiler call with -g=Optimica flag on an optimization class will produce stuff.
_13opt.{h,c}
Contains functions needed in optimisation like the objective and Lagrangian and for grabbing bounds from variables. Need to call compiler with -g=Optimica flag and have an optimization class to get something interesting here.
_14lnz.c
Linearisation. Not sure what for and haven't seen it populated.
The C simulation runtime is located under OMCompiler/SimulationRuntime/c. Interesting files include:
simulation_data.h
Contains the DATA struct and others.
simuation/simulation_runtime.{h,cpp}
Contains _main_SimulationRuntime function which gets called to run the simulation with the model data from the generated model code.
simulation/solver/solver_main.c
The solver_main_step function gets called to step the simulation and then passes the stepping off to the appropriate backend solver.
simulation/solver/perform_simulation.c
Contains the main simulation while loop in the function prefixedName_performSimulation.
simulation/solver/dassl.c
Contains the DASSL related functions including the dassl_step function. According to a comment in the file the integrated zero crossing method is disabled and zero crossings are instead handled outside DASSL (not same thing as internal root finding, which by default is turned on). It has functions for the symbolic or numeric calculations of Jacobians. The method can be selected with the -dasslJacobian flag, where coloredNumerical is the default. See the _12jac.{h,c} files for where the symbolic jacobian comes from (has to be enabled at during model compilation).
C++ Simulation Runtime
An example of C++ code generation:
omc -q -s --simCodeTarget=Cpp file.mo Modelica SolarTherm
The resulting files are slow to compile and sometimes fail for more complicated models. The simulation parameters are passed to the executable on the command line instead of being read from an XML file. See the Class.sh script for an example of the command line switches. It is able to use IDA instead of DASSL, which worked on at least a very simple example.
Language
Here are some notes on different aspects of the Modelica language. Some of the quirks presented here may just be specific to OpenModelica, whereas others are part of the language specification.
Expandable Connectors
Expandable connectors can have some defined components:
expandable connector Bus
 Real a


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Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid. It is a white salt that is very soluble in water and primarily used as a food preservative. Potassium sorbate is used in personal care items, such as enriched hair care and skin care products that are at risk of getting contaminated by the growth of fungi and molds, allowing these types of products to be used for a longer period of time.
Packaging: 50 lb. cartons; 25 kg cartons


MSc1 Pixel Planet: From XXS to XXL, a fully modular & adaptable world
06 April 2021
Prefabricated design goes beyond most of what we think we know about pods, containers, modules, and joints. Pixel Planet aims at revising and up-cycling the prefab modular cell. On that score, we will analyze units, measure their performances and script the design of buildings, cities and the entire Planet by combining simple cells. This economy of resources simplifies the actions on complex contexts (from analyzing the performances of the unit, to scripting and evaluating buildings, blocks, cities, or the World).
Working with standard objects means modular thinking, where a composite system based on repeated elements can be used to implement large scale interventions. Departing from the traditional optimization of the building components and the housing unit, we want to move forward into the research about modularity and its advantages from the point of view of sustainability. Pixel Planet will research on standardization, flexibility, automation, adaptability, and evolution through time.
Moreover, if our Planet can be understood as an object of design, we aim at repositioning the prefabrication industry of the 21st Century. Can we turn landscape into pixels, or better, into their three-dimensional version: voxels? How do we script a forest, a beach, a desert, an ocean or a cloud, and evaluate and optimize their functioning? Can we even make all those the voxels fly?
Students are invited to work collectively throughout the semester. Scripting, gaming and visualization tools will be used to design a planet of simple, measurable and performative cells, Previous software knowledge is not required, but recommended.
Students' work will be part of a film to be shown in different venues to be determined.

Related


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An instructional softcover book and CD kit for instructors of beginner-level recorder players.
Designed for today's classroom, Hal Leonard's new Essential Elements Classroom Method for Recorder includes easy-to-use technology features that enhance the learning experience for any teaching situation. Essential Elements for Recorder can also be an effective tool for introducing or reinforcing general music concepts, as an introduction to ensemble performance (band, orchestra, and choir), or individual or small group instruction. High quality accompaniments, featuring REAL instruments, expertly arranged for young musicians, in a variety of styles to make practicing productive and fun. EE recorder tracks also introduce various music ensembles such as band, orchestra, and choir.
The book features over 130 songs, instrument basics, music reading, duets and rounds, music history, and a fingering chart. The enhanced CD features play-along tracks for lessons 1-57; tempo adjustment software that enables students to slow down the tracks while they're learning; and a start-up video that you can watch on computer to get you off to a great start!


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Nancy Bovy sent a link to a cool SciAm article that debunks the myth that 75 percent of all people ever born are currently alive.
To calculate how many people have ever lived, [Carl] Haub followed a minimalist approach, beginning with two people in 50000 B.C.—his Adam and Eve. Then, using his historical growth rates and population benchmarks, he estimated that slightly over 106 billion people had ever been born. Of those, people alive today comprise only 6 percent, nowhere near 75 percent. "[It is] almost surely true people alive today are some small fraction of [all] people," says Joel Cohen, a professor of populations at the Rockefeller and Columbia Universities in New York City. [Link]I wonder how many of those 106 billion people left enough evidence of their existence that they may be genealogically (and not just genetically) linked to persons alive today, and how many are ancestors we will never find.


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Republic of Korea Marine Corps
From Canadian Power Wiki
The Republic of Korea Marine Corps (ROKMC; Korean: 대한민국 해병대; Hanja: 大韓民國海兵隊; Revised Romanization: Daehanminguk Haebyeongdae), also known as the ROK Marine Corps, or the ROK Marines, is the marine corps of South Korea. Though theoretically it is under the direction of the South Korean Chief of Naval Operations, the ROK Marine Corps operates as a distinct arm of the South Korean Armed Forces, unlike the marine corps of most other countries, which generally operate as part of a navy. The ROKMC was founded as a suppression operations force against communist partisans just prior to the start of the Korean War. The ROKMC also saw combat during the Vietnam War, while stationed in Da Nang, occasionally fighting alongside the U.S. Marines.


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The transmission mode of large centrifugal fans mainly depends on the coupling. The selection and installation of the coupling usually refer to many factors, but no matter what kind of coupling, it is necessary to align the fan and the motor shaft during installation. It is correct, and accurate centering can also make the operation of the fan more reliable. The following editor has sorted out the installation centering standard and centering method of the centrifugal fan coupling for your reference.
1)Centrifugal fan coupling installation alignment standard
In fact, all mechanical equipment cannot avoid errors during installation, and the same is true for centrifugal fans. When installing couplings, there will also be deviations in the main shafts of the fan and the motor, and this deviation in the alignment of the two shafts is basically divided into radial deviations , angular deviation, combined radial and angular deviation, and ideal alignment. During installation, the alignment standard is as follows:
|Allowable deviation standard for two-axis connection|
|Axle hole diameter/mm||Axial displacement/mm||Angle deviation|
In actual installation, the radial and angular deviations of the two shafts should be as small as possible. This is mainly due to the unavoidable existence of foundation sinking, uneven thermal expansion of various components, bending of the shaft, and zero during the operation of the equipment. Various conditions such as wear and tear of components will adversely affect the alignment of the centrifugal fan coupling installation. Therefore, the radial and angular installation deviations are controlled during installation. Generally, it can be controlled to 1/8 of the allowable deviation. ~1/3, which will leave a certain compensation space for new offsets during operation, so as to ensure that the two axes can still be well centered and run safely during operation.
2)the method of installation alignment
1. Align with straightedge and plug gauge: Use straightedge to measure the coaxiality error of the coupling, and use the plug gauge to measure the parallelism error of the coupling. This method is simple, but the error is large. Generally used for machines with low speed and low precision requirements.
2. Alignment with dial indicator: There are many ways to use dial indicator for alignment, such as single-table method, double-table method, three-table method, etc. It is recommended to use the double-meter method which is easy to operate, convenient for reading, data processing and adjustment, and has a good centering effect. The double-meter method is to install a dial indicator on the hub flange of the reference shaft and the adjusted shaft, and judge the alignment of the two shafts and adjust them according to the measured radial runout.
3) Coupling double-meter method alignment measurement steps
1. Select measuring points: Divide the roughly adjusted two half-shaft hub flange cylindrical surfaces into four measuring points, respectively use a1, a2, a3, a4 and b1, b2, b3 , b4 represent the measured values of the corresponding points, where a represents the measured value on the reference axis, and b represents the measured value on the adjusted axis, as shown in the figure:
2. Install the dial indicator: Install and fix the dial indicator on the reference shaft and the half-coupling of the adjusted shaft. The frame should be rigid enough and the installation should be firm. After installation, zero the dial indicator. Note that during horizontal alignment, the dial indicator on the reference axis is zeroed on the right, and the dial indicator on the adjusted axis is zeroed on the left. When vertically centered, the dial indicator on the reference axis is zeroed at the top, and the dial indicator on the adjusted axis is zeroed at the bottom.
3. Measurement: Rotate the two semi-axes 180° at the same time, and measure a1~a4 and b1~b4.
4. Check the rigidity of the stand: The rigidity of the stand directly affects the accuracy of the measurement results, which in turn affects the alignment accuracy. Therefore, before the formal measurement, the rigidity of the watch frame should be checked, which should generally satisfy a1+a2≈a3+a4 and b1+b2≈b3+b4. If the error is greater than 0.05mm, the rigidity of the stand should be strengthened.
5. Other data measurement: Measure the distance c between the two dial indicator probes, and measure the distances f1 and f2 from the dial indicator probe on the back adjustment shaft to the front and rear supports of the adjusted shaft.
Since the alignment is usually horizontal first and then vertical, a1, a2 and b3, b4 are usually set to zero, so that A can be used to represent the measured values of a3 and a4, and B to represent the measured values of b1 and b2. Based on this, it can be judged that The direction and amount of adjustment are adjusted.


style="margin-bottom: 0in;">Kidney stones are the aggregation of crystals in the urine

 One way to conceptualize how kidney stones are formed is to think back to the experiment you did in grade school in which while stirring water you slowly added more and more salt. Initially, the additional salt fully dissolved in the water, but a point arose when the water could no longer hold any more salt, when the sodium suddenly precipitated out and crystals developed. While this is an overly simplistic analogy for how kidney stones form (the urine, for instance, contains molecules such as citrate that attempt to prevent the formation of crystals or kidney stones), it can be a useful one.

1. Water

 The analogy clearly is useful in understanding how a lack of sufficient water intake predisposes people to the formation of kidney stones and how drinking more water is the best way to prevent kidney stones. The more water we drink, the more we dilute our urine and the greater difficulty crystals have in aggregating.

How much fluid to drink?

 The more important question, of course, is how much should people urinate or how dilute should the urine be. The recommendation is that people with kidney stones should pass a little over 2 liters (~1/2 gallon) of urine per day, which amounts to drinking ~ 3 liters of fluid per day. Also, because a concentrated urine at any time of the day still predisposes to kidney stones, the fluid intake should be spaced throughout the day, including at night. Those living in hotter climates or engaged in heavy exercise likely need to drink more, as they are losing much of the water in ways other than through the kidneys, such as through the skin by sweating.

A rule of thumb: if the urine of a person with kidney stones looks like water (clear, not yellow) throughout the day than that person is drinking enough water.

 Caution: there are dangers to drinking too much water (please consult with your doctor), and those of us not predisposed to kidney stones do not need to meet those amounts.

(the discussion of other lifestyle elements contributing to kidney stones to be continued in future entries...)<meta equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><title></title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 3.0 (Win32)"> Odysseas Kostas, MDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02606522800178603887noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23031989408644009.post-73937650334292744212008-11-11T10:19:00.014-05:002009-02-19T22:19:00.043-05:00Nasal spray decongestants, underrecognized limitations
Mr. Jones came into the office complaining of ongoing nasal congestion since his most recent cold. "Doc, it's been weeks, and I can't get my nose to clear up. The only relief I get is from this nasal spray, and it doesn't seem to do much anymore." He pulled the bottle of nasal spray from his pocket to show me. "But if I don't use it, I can't breathe."

In the throes of an illness, we reach for any and all potential remedies for a little relief, including the nasal spray decongestants conveniently found over the counter at our local pharmacy. Nasal spray decongestants, such as Afrin, work by constricting the blood vessels in the inflamed lining or mucosa of our nose and in so doing attempt to shrink the mucosa, open the passages and help us breathe.

In studies, however, the benefit after a single dose compared to placebo (the placebo always has some benefit, often significant) is only about a ten to fifteen percent improvement in reported symptoms, and this benefit quickly wanes with each subsequent dose. The nasal congestion returns, and after continued use of the spray for a few days, there is no benefit.

Of course, most illnesses last longer than three days, and therefore people find themselves continuing to use the spray. (To compensate and find some relief, people often then increase the frequency of sprays.) Unfortunately, after using the nasal spray for more than a few days, people suddenly discover on trying to stop that they can't.

Rebound Congestion

The mucosa in their nose is even more inflamed and their congestion is even more severe than if they had never used the spray. They have what is called rebound congestion.

People using nasal spray decongestants for prolonged periods of time essentially become addicted to the spray and not because of any 'high," but a stuffed nose from which a person struggles to breathe is truly frustrating.

Do not use this product for more than 3 days.

Many people believe that the warning labels on over the counter medications are meant to be taken with a grain of salt, if not ignored altogether, but that is short-sighted. The warning on the nasal spray decongestant labels can't be written in large enough letters. The sprays are simple over the counter (OTC) medications, but one of the greatest difficulties EN


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Home > Products > Shrubs > Rosemary> Rosemarinus Lockwood de Forest
Rosemarinus Lockwood de Forest and Irene - Photo by Philip Johnson
One of the best of the prostrate rosemary with a prolific show of pale blue flowers along heavy branches densely clothed with rich dark green leaves.
The image above shows a good comparison of the two prostrate rosemary that we grow with the pale blue Rosmarinus officinalis 'Lockwood de Forest'
on the left with the deeper lavender-blue Rosmarinus officinalis Irene® on the right. - We like them both. Which one do you like?
Rosemarinus officinalis 'Lockwood de Forest' was discovered in the garden of Lockwood and Elizabeth de Forest.
The origins of Rosmarinus officinalis 'Lockwood de Forest' and other rosemary that the de Forests collected
are chronicled in an article 'A Parcel of Rosemaries' by Elizabeth DeForest
in the fall 1976 issue of Pacific Horticulture. Arthur Menzies also wrote the a short article regarding this fine plant that was published in the October 1963 Journal of the California Horticultural Society. This article is quoted in its entirety.
The Origin of Rosmarinus officinalis 'Lockwood de Forest'
For more Rosemary information see the Mediterranean Garden Society Rosemary Page
Arthur L. Menzies
For some years now the most commonly sold creeping rosemary in California nurseries
has been Rosmarinus officinalis 'Lockwood de Forest'. This plant has been erronously
labeled in most nurseries as Rosmarinus lockwoodi, R. Foresti, or R. foresteri.
In a recent publication, "A Checklist of Woody Ornamental Plants of California" by
Mildred E. Mathias and Elizabeth McClintock (published by the University of California,
College of Agriculture as Manual 32) the correct cultivar name for this plant has been
designated as Rosmarinus officinalis 'Lockwood de Forest'.
In a letter recently received from Mrs. de Forest, the following information
regarding the origin of this cultivar should be of interest. "We discovered this plant
here in own Santa Barbara garden where we had, egged on by Sydney Mitchell, a planting
of Rosmarinus officinalis 'Prostratus' from the La Mortola Gardens original, and
also bushes of the upright Rosmarinus officinalis. We assumed that it was a garden
hybrid resulting from a cross between the two, but is could well have been a sport
of R. officinalis 'Prostratus'. Having found it, Lockwood immediately had cuttings
from it, but it was not until after his death in 1949, that I realized that 'Lockwood
de Forest' was being used to designate it. I can think of no happier memorial."


Jam Fest Rhythm & Beats
Throughout the ages, music and rhythmic sounds have been a binding agent of all people. JamFEST strikes a chord with everyone. A popular conference energizer, this 45 to 90-minute event gets your teams moving, shaking and jamming in harmony. No previous experience or musical ability is needed.
Boom Sticks, Rubber Gloves, GoGo Bells, Jug Drums and Congas are all provided. It's not long before the rhythm buids and team members are jamming together, creating, changing and expressing their inate musical talents.
Boom Sticks are lightweight, hollow, color-coded, plastic tubes, finely tuned to musical pitches by length. They produce "floating, ethereal type" musical tones when struck together, against the hand, the floor, or nearly any other surface. Boom Sticks are often used by performance artists to add an element of spectacle and by educators to teach the concepts in rhythm, harmony, and melody.


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A friend was complaining to me that her bank holds her checks "too long," and wondered if she would be happier with another bank. I don't know the complete answer for her, so I pointed her to the Funds Availability Policy of her current bank, and suggested that she check with the policies for the banks she was considering. She didn't even know that such policies existed, and my impressed is that she thought the bank was just randomly holding her deposits.
Every financial institution has a written statement of their official policies for the availability of funds deposited with the bank or credit union. You received them when you opened the account, and they are available online. In addition, these policies are governed by federal law. Generally speaking, your bank or credit union may choose to make your funds available more quickly than federal law requires, but it may not delay the availability of funds beyond the limits of the federal law. However, there are exceptions where your financial institution may choose to hold funds for a longer period of time. If your bank chooses to hold funds beyond the usual limits, they must notify you at the time you make the deposit.
The availability of funds will vary by deposit type and the method of deposit. For example, deposits made "not in person" may require an additional day or two for processing. "Not in person" deposits would include those made at Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), via mobile deposit applications, via scan, mailed deposits, and deposits made at any third-party locations.
Under federal law, "in person" deposits will be available on the day following the deposit:
- Cash deposited in person to a bank employee.
- Electronic payments (wire transfers or ACH credits) are considered received (deposited) when the bank or credit union has received both payment in collected funds and information on the account and the amount to be credited.
- U.S. Treasury checks deposited in person or at an ATM owned by your bank or credit union and made payable to an account holder. U.S. Postal Service money orders deposited in person and made payable to an account holder.
- Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank checks deposited in person to an employee (not an ATM) and made payable to an account holder.
- State or local government checks deposited in person and made payable to an account holder, if your institution is in the same state as the payor of the check.
- Cashier's, certified, or teller's checks deposited in person and made payable to an account holder.
- Checks drawn on an account held by your institution ("on-us checks") deposited in person or at on-premises ATMs or night depositories.
- The first $200 of a non-"next-day" check(s).
- larger checks,
- checks deposited in ways other than "in person,"
- redeposits of checks that have been previously returned as non-sufficient funds,
- deposits into new accounts, and
- deposits to accounts that have been repeatedly overdrawn.


text:
Mains plug and sockets are an essential part of connecting electrical equipment to a different power source in different countries. Both plugs and sockets are suitable for most types of homes, offices, commercial buildings used around the world. RS ensure there is a comprehensive range to suit your requirement. There is a vast range of plug and sockets, with some (Type G - UK) having three pins for live, neutral and earth, whereas plugs and sockets with two pins (Type E - French) with an earth pin centred within the plug case. You can learn more in our complete guide to mains sockets and plugs.
Changing the plug or socket is a common action in most industries if changes of circumstances occur or if they've been in constant use without any maintenance and have become damaged. Not addressing any damage can result in power failures, electrical fire and expensive remedial work.
The extensive range of plugs and sockets are capable of use in a number of countries, these include:


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In our recent article, we gave you some tips about how to choose a good hunting flashlight and in this article, we have decided to write more about Colorado Elk hunting in order to help you better plan your trip.
Colorado is a hunting heaven for elk fans because, if you gain some experience and work hard to develop your skills, you will not be able to return home without bringing home a trophy. The fact that hunting sessions are extremely engrossing and that they will spend the entire day traversing through challenging terrain in order to grab their prey while remaining physically active is a big draw for experienced hunters.
It is necessary to examine certain factors prior to embarking on an elk hunting expedition in this area, and we will go over them in depth one by one so that you will understand why they are vital and how to go about addressing them.
Permits in Colorado
Every seasoned hunter understands that in order to go elk hunting, you must first obtain a hunting permission. If you are a novice hunter, you will need to become acquainted with a few concepts before embarking on your hunting expedition.
There is a general hunting licence that you may obtain that allows you to hunt in a few sections of the state, and it is referred to as the 'general season'.
The majority of people prefer to go elk hunting in Colorado because it is the state with the highest concentration of elk. As a result, you will have no trouble obtaining a permit because there are numerous public areas to choose from. However, because the terrain is difficult and there are numerous targets to chase after, you will be out hunting for the majority of the day.
A hunting licence in Colorado costs a little more than 600 US dollars, but if you prefer rigorous hunting sessions, you will definitely get your money's worth out of the experience. You will have to submit your application until the end of February, and you will receive a response by the middle of April. Permits are often distributed by a lottery mechanism.
- Limited permit
The hunting privileges granted by this sort of permit are only valid during specific periods of time and in specific places. When planning your trip, pay close attention to the regions you intend to visit because you will need to factor in the time you will spend on the road getting there.
- Ranching for Wildlife
This permit allows you to go elk hunting on specific ranches that have entered into an agreement with the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Department, but only if you are a resident of Colorado.
- Leftover Draw permit
Provided there are any permits left over after the draw for the limited permits concludes, you may be selected for a Leftover Draw permission, but only if you checked the appropriate box on your initial application for the permit.
- Private Land Only
When applying for this sort of license, you must first verify with the property owner to ensure that you will be allowed to hunt on their property. If the owner does not agree to allow you to hunt on their property, your permit will be rendered ineffective and will be returned to you.
Things you need to consider:
- Your finance limitations
People who have never gone elk hunting before do not realize how much they have to spend on these trips. There are many ways to do it and you can pay someone to get you to a certain place. However, you can also choose the cheaper version of backpack hunting.
Before you plan your trip, you should consider how much you will have to spend on your gear and on transportation and only after that you should consider the other costs according to how much money you have to spend on them. Furthermore, you have to spend money on your permit which is also a really important aspect that you need to take into account.
There are a lot of square miles of public land in Colorado where you can plan your hunting trip, but there are also a lot of private lands where you can hunt in return for a fee and they differ among owners according to the number of elk they have on their property.
- What gear will you need?
This is one of the most important aspects that you have to consider because the environment that you will be hunting in is not the friendliest and, if you are not capable of living with it, you will have to end your trip prematurely. We are going to tell you what the essential items are and why you should consider them.
Your backpack is the key to a successful trip, even if it might feel like there is no connection between it and the actual hunting experience. First of all, you have to carry your essentials in it, but you also have to bring back the elk. So a robust backpack is something that will always be worth your money.
In terms of protecting your body in this harsh environment, you should invest in a good pair of boots. They will help you go far without having your feet full of blisters and will also help you arrive home safely. If you can't walk well, you will not be able to get very far and you will get tired easily, and you definitely want to avoid that.
In terms of clothes, a good practice is to invest in waterproof top layers and in base layers that have the capability of warming you up, but also of cooling you down pretty easily, like merino wool. A good way to approach this is to look for clothes specially made for mountain hikes.
- Your physical strength
It might seem like something that is not very important, but your physical capabilities make a difference when it comes to a successful elk hunt experience. There are more ways to kill elk and some of them involve sitting in a camp. However, if you want to take this experience to another level you will want to go deep into the wilderness.
Therefore, it is very important to be able to handle all the downsides that come with that. You have to be strong enough to carry your backpack which might not seem heavy when you have to carry it for an hour, but when you have to carry it around for 10 miles it can get a little uncomfortable.
Also, the altitude might be a problem if you are not accustomed to low oxygenation levels while engaging in physical activity. So all these aspects have to be taken seriously if you want to come home with the fulfillment that a successful hunting session brings.
What you should consider first is that you will be carrying around a heavy backpack. This is why it is important to work out your back, but especially your core because your abs also help you in carrying heavy weights without engaging your back muscles that much. This will also help you become less tired.
Because the terrain is not even, you can get injured easily, especially if you carry around heavy equipment. So it is important to bulletproof your ankles. Great distances on uneven terrain are hard to manage without strong leg muscles, so these should be a priority as well.
- How much time do you have on your hands?
When you are planning such a trip, it is essential to know how much you have to travel in order to actually arrive at the hunting area and how much time is left for the actual hunting experience.
Colorado has a total surface of 104,094 square miles, which does not make it the largest state in the United States, but it is also not too small either. Therefore, you should consider the time that you have to spend on the road and add it to your actual hunting plan. A good practice is to choose a place close to you in order to have more days available for hunting.
If you are new to elk hunting expeditions, you should be aware that if you follow all of the advice we have provided in this post, you will undoubtedly have a wonderful experience. Hunting can be a very rewarding activity, and returning home from a hunting expedition with nothing to show for it is not a pleasant experience. However, if you follow our recommendations, you will never have to go through this ordeal.


[IPython-dev] cell magics
Jason Grout jason-sage@creativetrax....
Sat Feb 16 16:07:04 CST 2013
> Hi Jason,
>> Line and cell magics are normal python functions that take a string as
>> there is no discernible string on the rest of the line, the string is
>> taken as the rest of the cell. As an example:
>> %timeit(runs=10) 2+3
>> A cell magic is exactly the same function, only it is invoked by putting
>> string is taken as the remainder of the cell:
>> %timeit(runs=10)
>> 2+3
>> 5+6
>> Notice there is no distinction between line and cell magic
>> functions---the distinction entirely happens in how they are invoked
>> (whether the string is on the same line or on following lines). Also,
>> magic options are passed in exactly the same way that arguments are
>> always passed to python functions, instead of having a non-pythonic,
>> bash-like syntax for options.
I've spent all day (and a better part of a night :) writing and
rewriting this reply; hopefully it's clear. Like I mentioned before,
I'm still forming an opinion and working on seeing things clearly.
Special thanks goes to some private comments from William for helping me
to see more clearly what is a real difference between the two
philosophies and what is an implementation detail.
To summarize, I think the two positions are:
Current IPython:
1a. % is only a valid operator on registered string decorators
2a. Two different syntaxes for invoking line and cell string decorators
3a. optional arguments to string decorators should not have pythonic syntax
In our proposal, we say:
1b. % should be a valid operator on any string decorator
2b. The % cell/line invocation syntax should be unified
3b. optional arguments to string decorators should have pythonic syntax
Is that a fair characterization?
Let's take these in turn:
1. where % is a valid operator
I think your argument boils down to "let's make % only apply to
registered string decorators so that people will think in a certain way
when they use %". That may have held when you had tight control on
exactly what was registered, but now with everyone and their mother
implementing custom extensions doing who knows what, it's artificially
restrictive to insist that % means "modify the editor or go beyond
python". Thomas points out that already the scope of % directives has
massively increased beyond the original idea. With custom extensions,
the scope of what is accomplished and how a user thinks when they use %
blows wide open.
With our proposal, % could still just complete with registered
string decorators (with even the exact same registration system, so you
can register things outside of the user's namespace). The difference is
that if I wanted to run a string decorator that wasn't in the registered
namespace, but I had just defined in my user namespace, I wouldn't have
to pollute the registered namespace for my one invocation. I could just
run %my_function directly. I think this is particularly important
because the registered % namespace is a flat list of names, so it's not
a very organized namespace (which is exactly a problem you have with
Sage's philosophy, ironically :).
2. Unification of user syntax for cell/line decorators
You only address the fact that you have special ways to make it easy for
a developer to define both a line and cell magic. That's an
implementation detail, and it's easier with our proposal anyway since
everything is automatically both. We see already that there are a
number of decorators that could be both, but are only defined as one,
like %ruby, for example.
But the real issue here is that IPython has two different syntaxes for
the users to invoke string decorators. That means that I, as a user,
constantly have to remember if a command is one, or the other, or both,
because the very first two characters are different between the two.
For example, just now I typed %ru, and I see from the completions
that ruby is only a cell decorator. So now I have to backspace and put
that extra % in there. It also means that if a string decorator can be
invoked as both, in order to change between the two, I have to not only
put the string in a different place, but I also have to go back and
modify the % part too. If I forget to modify the %, I get very
confusing results
With our proposal, these issues go away. All string decorators are
invoked with %. The difference between a line or cell decorator is
determined by whether or not there is a string on the line (just as the
difference between
if blah: something
if blah:
 something else
is (partly) just seen by looking to see if the block is on the same
line). So to change between cell and line string decorators, all I have
to do is move the line. For example:
%time some_function
now I want to add a few more things to the time run. All I have to do
is change where the string is:
some_other function
and the lack of a string after %time tells me that I should look below
%time for the string. I don't have to constantly keep adjusting the %
P.S. Actually, after thinking about it more, since a single % is
ambiguous syntax, I think I would prefer all string decorators be
invoked with %%, which is invalid python syntax. Then we won't have
this problem:
or this problem:
a="time: %d"\
3. format of optional arguments
It seems that there are two main arguments for this:
* backwards compatibility (with IPP and previous IPython versions, as
well as IDL and matlab apparently?). But I'll point out that we can
easily support this too, in almost exactly the same invocation:
%timeit('-r 5 -and -other -options') 2+3
* also, you made the argument that it should be command-line type syntax
because it is visually distinctive from python. I think this argument
presupposes that:
(a) users are comfortable with bash-like syntax. With the rising
popularity of IPython, and especially with the rising popularity of the
notebook, I think we're going to see more and more non-unix users that
see the bash-like syntax as one more *new* thing to learn, rather than
something that is already familiar in a different context. In fact, I
look at the %timeit syntax for example, and I have to try to remember
what the options are each time. Compare:
%timeit -r5 2+3
%timeit(runs=5) 2+3
I think it's pretty clear which statement is more readable. This focus
on readability over brevity (remember, "Readability counts") is part of
why python is so good in general.
I look at the %R option syntax, and I absolutely *have* to go to the
help to see what is going on. Supporting a pythonic syntax I think will
help users tremendously.
Of course, this readability stuff is just a convention. You could make
%timeit --runs=5 2+3
but the point is that encouraging a bash-like syntax is casting a vote
for brevity over readability. Considering that each extension will
implement its own short options, I think I vote for readability, so I
have a better chance of looking at a string decorator invocation and
having an idea of what it is doing
(b) the bash-like syntax is just as powerful. But it's certainly not.
With a bash-like syntax that isn't valid python code, but just a string,
I cannot pass in python objects directly. I can do that if my
parameters are valid python syntax. This is a lesson IPython learned
when it decided on a rich pyout/display_data/stream output system
instead of just passing on a stdout string. It makes sense to apply
that same lesson here to the string decorator inputs.
(c) we need visually distinctive syntax because % directives are very
different from python code. But like I mention above with custom user
extensions, I don't think this idea that % directives are command-line
sorts of things applies as much anymore because the field is wide open.
 Regardless, if we *have* to have bash syntax for some extension, it's
easy to make an invocation like:
I think I just convinced myself that the new proposal really is a better
Whew! Okay, so...comments?
More information about the IPython-dev mailing list


text:
Secret structures hidden within the serrated teeth of Tyrannosaurus rex and other theropods helped the fearsome dinosaurs tear apart their prey without chipping their pearly whites, a new study finds.
Researchers looked at the teeth of theropods — a group of bipedal, largely carnivorous dinosaurs that includes T. rex and Velociraptor — to study the mysterious structures that looked like cracks within each tooth.
The investigation showed that these structures weren't cracks at all, but deep folds within the tooth that strengthened each individual serration and helped prevent breakage when the dinosaur pierced through its prey, said study lead researcher Kirstin Brink, a postdoctoral researcher of biology at the University of Toronto Mississauga. [Image Gallery: The Life of T. Rex]
The new study upends one from the early 1990s, Brink said. Researchers first noticed these cryptic cracks on the tooth of a T. rex cousin named Albertosaurus about two decades ago.
Initially, the researchers thought the cracks were signs of damage, likely acquired when the dinosaur ate a hearty meal. But the new analysis finds that isn't the case, Brink said.
"I sectioned teeth from eight other theropods besides Albertosaurus, and found that the structure is actually in all theropods, and it's not actually a crack," she told Live Science.
The study actually began with a Dimetrodon, a Paleozoic animal with serrated teeth that lived before the time of the dinosaurs. When Brink sliced the Dimetrodon tooth in half and compared it with the serrated teeth of dinosaurs, she found they had different internal structures.
"They look very similar on the outside," Brink said. "It's only when you cut them open [that you see] that they're completely different."
Curious, she obtained two to three teeth from eight different theropods species, including T. rex, Coelophysis bauri and Carcharodontosaurus saharicus. She also looked at specimens of theropod teeth that had not yet fully matured and erupted past the gum line, meaning, "they had not been used for feeding," Brink said.
An analysis using a scanning electron microscope and a synchrotron (a microscope that helps determine the chemical composition of a substance) showed that each tooth, even the ones that had not yet erupted, had these cracklike structures next to each serration, she said. This debunked the idea that the cracks were artifacts of eating a meaty meal, she said.
Furthermore, each structure has a few extra layers of calcified tissue, called dentine, under the tooth's outer enamel coating, making it tough and hard.
"We proposed a developmental hypothesis that these are structures created when the tooth is first forming," Brink said. "It actually helps to deepen the serration within the tooth and strengthen each serration and the tooth overall."
Serrated teeth help animals pierce through flesh and hold onto chunks of meat. The formations, which the researchers call "deep interdental folds," strengthen the serrations. In fact, they likely helped theropods survive as top predators for about 165 million years, Brink said.
Serrated teeth still exist today in Komodo dragons. However, Komodo dragon teeth don't have deep interdental folds, nor do they have the extra layers of dentine that would strengthen their bite, Brink added.
She called the toothy finding fascinating and "unexpected."
"It's really cool that such a small, little change in the tooth structure, a small arrangement of the dental tissues, could completely change the ways these animals are living," she said.
The study was published online today (July 28) in the journal Scientific Reports.
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Laura is the archaeology and Life's Little Mysteries editor at Live Science. She also reports on general science, including paleontology. Her work has appeared in The New York Times, Scholastic, Popular Science and Spectrum, a site on autism research. She has won multiple awards from the Society of Professional Journalists and the Washington Newspaper Publishers Association for her reporting at a weekly newspaper near Seattle. Laura holds a bachelor's degree in English literature and psychology from Washington University in St. Louis and a master's degree in science writing from NYU.


User and Reference Guide
 - 2021
 - 03/26/2021
 - Public Content
Contents
Level of Detail
Tracing all available events over time can generate billions of events even for a moderate program runtime of a few minutes and a handful of CPUs. The sheer amount of data is a challenge for any analysis tool that has to cope with this data. This is even worse as in most cases the analysis tool cannot make use of the same system resources as the parallel computer on which the trace was generated.
An aspect of this problem arises when generating graphical diagrams of the event data. Obviously, it is next to impossible to graphically display all the data. Firstly, it would take ages to do that. Secondly, it would depend on round-off errors in the scaling and on the order of the data traversal which events would actually make it to the screen without being erased by others. So it is clear that only representatives of the actual events are shown.
A valid choice would be to paint only every 100th or 1000th event and to hope that the resulting diagram gives a valid impression of the data. But this approach has its problems, because the pattern selects the representatives can interfere with the patterns in the underlying data.
Intel® Trace Analyzer uses a Level of Detail concept to solve this problem. The Event Timeline Chart (as the other timelines) calculates a hint for the analysis that describes a time span that can reasonably be painted and selected with the mouse. This hint is called Resolution. The resolution requested by the timeline takes into account the currently available screen space and the length of the current time interval. Hence a higher screen resolution or a wider timeline results in more data being displayed for the same time interval.
Intel® Trace Analyzer then tries to find a near match for the requested resolution. The exact resolution depends on internals, which will not be discussed here.
Intel Trace Analyzer divides the requested time interval into slots of length resolution. After that, representatives for the function events, the messages and the collectives in these slots are chosen in a deterministic way. If a functions spans more than the given resolution it results in a larger slot.
The representatives for function events are chosen as follows: for each slot and each process (or thread group respectively) there is only a single function event representing the function where the thread or group spent most of its time.
The representatives for messages are chosen as follows: for each tuple (sender, receiver, sender slot, receiver slot) only one message is generated that carries averaged attributes. These attributes are averaged over all messages matching the tuple.
The representatives for collective operations are chosen as follows: for each tuple (communicator, first slot) one collective operation is generated. So it can happen that an operation of type
MPI_Gather
is merged with an operation of type
MPI_Bcast
resulting in a merged operation with no particular type at all (mixed).
To prevent misconceptions, emphasis is given to the fact that the merging of events only applies to the timelines and not to the profiles. The profiles always show sums, minima, maxima or averages over the complete set of events. The calculation of these results does obviously not depend on the screen resolution.
Product and Performance Information
1
Performance varies by use, configuration and other factors. Learn more at _URL_