text:
- Chinese Name Bai He 百合
- Latin Name Lilium brownii var. viridulum
- Other Names Bulbus Lilii, Brown's Lily Bulb
- Used Part Bulb
- Specification Powdered Extract
Lily Bulb Extract Powder
The lily has long been known in China as both food and medicine. The bulbs are comprised of dozens of fleshy scales. As food, fresh bulbs are made into soups or stir fries. The scales are separated, boiled briefly (3-7 minutes), and dried in the sun or by oven to produce the medicinal material.
Lily bulbs were one of the items listed in the ancient Shennong Bencao Jing, described as being sweet and balanced. Based on theories of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine), Lily Bulb is sweet, slightly cold in nature and covers meridians of heart and lung. It is capable of nourishing Yin and moistening lung, which is used for indications like chronic cough due to yin deficiency, and blood in sputum. And it clears heart heat, and calms spirit, which is applied for remnant heat of febrile diseases, restlessness, deficient irritability and palpitations, too much dreams and insomnia, and wandering mind.
In the Jinggui Yaolue, there is description of a disease condition—baihe bing—named for the lily bulb that is its principal treatment. This disorder is characterized by the patient appearing normal but suffering from a sort of depression or neurosis: there is a desire to eat, but food doesn't taste right and eating makes her feel uncomfortable; a desire to talk, but then hesitation to express anything of significance; a desire to lie down and rest, yet no ability to then go to sleep and gain refreshment; a desire to go out and walk or do other activities, but an exhaustion that cuts short the plans or even leads to finding a reason not to proceed. Discomforts are common to this disorder, but they are not matched by measurable physical problems as clear causes. Likewise, she feels chilly or hot, yet her body temperature is normal, while the surrounding temperature may be average and clothing is appropriate to the environment. Drugs and herbs used in the effort to rectify any of the symptoms will usually cause diverse reactions that lead to cessation of the attempt. So, the condition persists. Because such problems occur in some women soon after childbirth, the lily bulbs had a reputation for treating postpartum neurosis, and because such complaints are also common with menopausal syndrome, lily is considered beneficial in that situation as well. Still, the pattern may arise under many other circumstances.
Over time, lily came to be known as an herb that clears heat and nourishes yin, eventually placed in the yin nourishing group of herbs. It was increasingly used for "heart fire" due to deficiency and for lung conditions marked by "heated phlegm." Lily soups made with sugar (and sometimes also milk) are recommended to clear heat in the summer. Yet, the early application for lily disease is one which particularly interests the practitioners today who are often confronted by patients with disorders that are revealed more in the realm of feeling and behavior than in significant organic changes to the body: a medical diagnosis is elusive while the emotional and mental state is not amenable to treatment by many of the drugs used as antidepressants. Modern texts of Chinese medicine continue to refer back to these original applications: Baihe Huashi San (Lily and Talc Formula; comprised of just the two herbs mentioned in the formula name) is still indicated for lily syndrome, manifested as mental disorder, irritability, insomnia, and anorexia (very limited selection of acceptable foods). Baihe Bing is said to treat "hysteria," referring to neurotic symptoms.
One of the key formulations using lily is Baihe Dihuang Tang (Lily and Rehmannia Combination), the remedy from the Jinggui Yaolue, comprised of the two herbs mentioned in its name. Another variant is Lily and Anemarrhena Combination (Baihe Zhimu Tang; with just those two herbs). As these examples reveal, lily bulb can be used with one or two ingredients that will direct its activity to emphasize a particular goal; with talc to promote urination and soothe dryness; with rehmannia to cleanse heart fire; with anemarrhena to clear deficiency heat; when used for lung disorders, it may be combined with beimu (fritillaria) to resolve heated phlegm or with maimendong (ophiopogon) to treat dry cough. Beimu and maimendong are both members of the lily family of plants and the bulb is used for those as well.
Lily, derived from Lilium brownii and other species of Lilium, has low toxicity and may be used in quantity: the dried herb up to about 30 grams per day in decoction, which is the amount usually recommended in simple remedies like those mentioned above. If lily is a minor ingredient in a complex formula for treating conditions such as lung and throat disorders, the daily dose may drop to about 9 grams in decoction. Relatively simple formulas with this herb have been suggested for treatment of menopausal syndrome: one recommendation is to combine the traditional Liuwei Dihuang Tang (Rehmannia Six Formula) with baihe, suanzaoren, yinyanghuo, and chaihu (lily, zizyphus, epimedium, and bupleurum).
Lily-Bulb has three primary sets of active components: alkaloids (steroidal alkaloids, such as etioline, shown right, as well as small pyrrolines like jatrophine, also called lilidine); steroidal saponins; and phenols (mainly flavonoids). The combination of steroidal alkaloids and steroidal saponins are likely responsible for the treatment of various nervous system disorders.
Mechanism of action studies are in the preliminary phases, but two aspects of neurological action appear to be a result of cholinesterase inhibition and monoamine oxidase inhibition. Drugs and herbs with these effects may improve memory and relieve depression.
Taste & Property Sweet, Slightly Bitter, Slightly Cold
Organ Meridians Heart, Lung
- Nourishes Yin, moistens the Lungs, clears Heat and stops cough
– Dry coughs or sore throat due to Lung Yin Deficiency, dry Lungs or Lung Heat
– Especially useful for Lung Yin Deficiency
- Clears the Heart and calms the Spirit
– Intractable low-grade fever, insomnia, restlessness and irritability in the aftermath of febrile disease
– Heart Fire
– Palpitations due to insufficiency of Qi and Yin
- Nourishes Stomach Yin and harmonizes the Middle Jiao
– Pain associated with Stomach Yin Deficiency


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Skates and some species of shark lay eggs all year round so eggcases can be found throughout the year. The best time to look, however, is after stormy weather when lots of seaweed and debris has been thrown up on the beach.
Eggcases are often found in amongst seaweed on the strandline, so keep your eyes peeled – they can be difficult to spot at first. When poking around in the seaweed be sure to use a stick or your shoe to turn the weed over as there can sometimes be nasty surprises hidden underneath.
When eggcases are empty and dry out, they are very light and the wind can blow them up the beach. The back of the beach, along cliffs or dunes and in cracks and crevices can often be fruitful locations to search.
Once you have found an eggcase you can use our Eggcase ID Guide to identify which species you have found. Sometimes they are easier to identify once they have been soaked - put them in water (tap water is fine) for a couple of hours and see how they have rehydrated.
Record your eggcases online - please attach a photo against a scale (ruler/2p coin), as it's important that we can verify your records.
If you're unsure of what you have found you can always email us a picture or send your eggcases to the Shark Trust office, so we can help you identify the species before you submit it.
Please remember to record the location, date and any other relevant information (such as if there has recently been a storm) before you leave the beach. For long beaches, please let us know which end of the beach you were hunting so we can pin point where your eggcase was found more accurately. A beach name or a local town name are very useful, however it would be great if you can provide an accurate location using a grid reference from an Ordnance Survey map. If you're feeling technologically advanced, an exact GPS location from a Sat Nav or smart phone would be fantastic.
If you're organising an event or plan on hunting for a while, make a note of the tide times before you begin – the tide can come in quickly and we don't want anyone getting stranded!
Finally be sure to respect the wildlife and habitats on the beach. Avoid disturbing creatures where possible and remember not to take any live specimens home with you.
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Diseases » Suffocation » Summary
What is Suffocation?
What is Suffocation?
 - Suffocation: A state of asphyxiation that results in the arrest of respiration.
 - Suffocation: A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.
 Source - Diseases Database
 - Suffocation: killing by depriving of oxygen.
 Source - WordNet 2.1
Suffocation: Introduction
Types of Suffocation:
Broader types of Suffocation:
How many people get Suffocation?
Incidence (annual) of Suffocation: 1,388 annual cases in Victoria 1996 of suffocation and foreign bodies (DHS-VIC)
Incidence Rate of Suffocation: approx 1 in 3,285 or 0.03% or 82,790 people in USA [about data]
How serious is Suffocation?
Complications of Suffocation: see complications of Suffocation
Deaths for Suffocation: 10,376 annual cases in USA 1995 (IOM); 6.1 per 100,000 in Canada 19971
What causes Suffocation?
Causes of Suffocation: see causes of Suffocation
Risk factors for Suffocation: see risk factors for Suffocation
What are the symptoms of Suffocation?
Symptoms of Suffocation: see symptoms of Suffocation
Complications of Suffocation: see complications of Suffocation
Suffocation: Testing
Diagnostic testing: see tests for Suffocation.
Misdiagnosis: see misdiagnosis and Suffocation.
How is it treated?
Doctors and Medical Specialists for Suffocation: Emergency Medical Physician ; see also doctors and medical specialists for Suffocation.
Treatments for Suffocation: see treatments for Suffocation
Organs Affected by Suffocation:
Organs and body systems related to Suffocation include:
Name and Aliases of Suffocation
Main name of condition: Suffocation
Class of Condition for Suffocation: physical
Other names or spellings for Suffocation:
Asphyxiation Source - Diseases Database
Source - WordNet 2.1
Suffocation: Related Conditions
Research the causes of these diseases that are similar to, or related to, Suffocation:
1. Canadian Injury Data, Statistics Canada, _PHONE_


What to Do When You Get the Error 60008 on Your Mac
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Installing an app on macOS is a pretty easy and straightforward process. You just need to download the installer package, usually with a .dmg extension, and drag it to the Applications folder. macOS will automatically install the app and you should be able to use it without a hitch. This is the same for all apps, whether it's a game, a messaging app, a photo-editing tool, or a multimedia player app.
However, it is possible to encounter errors during the installation process. These errors stem from various reasons, but the results are the same — installation failure. One of the not-so-common errors you might come across when installing an app is the error 60008.
Several users, regardless of the macOS version they are using, reported being plagued by the error 60008 in Mac when installing new software, even if they are following the proper procedure for the installation. Because of this error, they are unable to install the app that they want on their computer. This also happens to system and app updates that need to be installed.
The error 60008 on Mac is a complicated error that prevents users from installing new software or app on their computers. This error is not as difficult to deal with as it seems if you only understand what the error is and how it came about. This guide will discuss what this error is all about, why you're getting the error 60008 in Mac when installing software, and how to resolve this issue.
Pro Tip: Scan your Mac for performance issues, junk files, harmful apps, and security threats
that can cause system issues or slow performance.
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What Is the Mac Error 60008?
The first thing you need to do when you encounter an error is to find out what the error code means. The error 60008 on Mac is an internal error that has something to do with permissions or authentication. It is either the user does not have enough permission to read or write the file or some components of the file are inaccessible to the user. Because of this, the process returns a 60008 error.
This error does not only occur during the installation process. It can happen anytime you need to access certain files on your Mac, such as deleting folders, moving files to the Trash, uninstalling apps, and others.
The error code 60008 is usually associated with any of the following messages, depending on the process that triggered the error:
 - The operation can't be completed because an unexpected error occurred (error code -60008).
 - An unrecognized internal error occurred.
 - Reading from keychain failed with error: 'Unable to obtain authorization for this operation (OSStatus -60008).
 - Failed to launch (path to the app you want to run), error -60008.
This error can be caused by a wide range of factors, including corrupted files, authentication errors, insufficient permissions, conflicting files, or malware infection. The trick to dealing with this error is to find the exact file that is causing the error. Once you found the problematic file, you can then proceed with the troubleshooting process.
How to Fix Error 60008
The key to fixing this error is to figure out which file is causing the error and why. If you are installing an app, you might need to re-download the installer package to make sure the installer is complete and not corrupted. If the app is not available on the Mac App Store or if you're downloading from a third-party app repository, go to the official developer's website to download the official copy of the installer.
Once you have downloaded a legitimate copy of the installer package, right-click on the .dmg file and choose Get Info. This is to check if you have enough permissions to edit the file. Under Sharing and Permissions, make sure you have the Read & Write privileges.Sharing and Permissions
If the privilege is set to Read only, you will certainly run into errors, such as 60008. While you're at it, make sure also that the Locked option is not ticked off. If it is, uncheck that option.
Cleaning up your system should also be on your regular maintenance to-do list. Old download files, cache, and junk files can accumulate over time and cause havoc on your computer. Instead of manually deleting files, you can use a Mac cleaner, such as Mac repair app, to clean everything in one go. This also helps you free up storage and optimize your system processes along the way.
If the above steps don't work, it's time to bring out the big guns to deal with this error 60008. Let's look at the following solutions:
Solution #1: Perform a Disk Check.
The error 60008 on Mac can be caused by a bad sector on your hard drive. To determine the health of your hard drive, you need to run a disk check using the built-in tool, Disk Utility. The Disk Utility is a tool that comes with every macOS version designed to scan and fix hard drive problems. This utility can also fix bad sectors, lost clusters, cross-linked files, and directory errors.
To perform a disk check on your Mac, follow the instructions below:
 1. Launch Disk Utility by searching for it using Spotlight or by navigating to Finder > Go > Utilities > Disk Utility.
 2. Once the window opens, you'll see a list of available drives on the left. Click the drive you want to check. If you can't find the hard drive you want to check, click View > Show Devices from the top menu.
 3. Highlight the disk you want to check, then click the First Aid button.Disk Utility
 4. Click Run > Continue.
 5. Wait for the scan to finish. Disk Utility will automatically repair any problem detected.
 6. After the process has been completed, click Show Details to know more information about the repairs.
Close the tool and restart your Mac. Next, try installing the app you were having trouble with before to see if the error has gone away.
Solution #2: Delete the Contents of the ByHost Folder.
According to some user reports, deleting the content of the ByHost folder under Preferences can help resolve the error 60008. This is because some of the previous preferences set up by the host can interfere with your files.
To access the ByHost folder, follow the steps here:
 1. Open a Finder folder and click your Mac's hard drive.
 2. Click the Users folder, then choose your user folder (the one with your name on it).
 3. Click on Library, which should be partially transparent.
 4. Click Preferences > ByHost.
 5. Delete all the files inside the ByHost folder and empty your Trash.
 6. Restart your Mac.Mac ByHost
Some users are afraid of deleting the files inside the ByHost folder because they are not sure of what will happen afterward. You don't have to worry because the files inside are mostly preferences files, which will be generated again when the app is in use. After deleting the ByHost files, try to install the app and see whether the error 60008 has been resolved.
Solution #3: Reinstall Your macOS.
If the problem does not go away after doing the above solutions, you can try reinstalling a fresh copy of your macOS as a last resort. This option usually resolves common problems with macOS and gives you a fresh start. To do this:
 1. Restart your Mac and boot into macOS Recovery by pressing Command + R, Option + Command + R, or Shift + Option + Command + R.
 2. Release the buttons when you see the Apple logo or the spinning globe.
 3. Type in your firmware password when asked.
 4. Click Reinstall macOS from the Utilities window, then click Continue.
 5. Select the drive you want to install macOS on, then follow the on-screen instructions for the installation.
The installation process might take some time, but it will hopefully resolve any errors you might be experiencing.
Summary
The error 60008 is not a critical macOS issue and it does not affect the running of the system as a whole. However, it can be annoying not being able to install the app that you need or not being able to delete your old files because of this error. Fortunately, error 60008 is easy to resolve. Just make sure to follow the guide above to fix error 60008 on Mac and to prevent similar internal errors from happening again.
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macOS Terminal Guide: Basic to Advanced


text:
Safe Solid Waste Disposal
English: % of households that dispose of their solid waste in a safe way
French: % de ménages qui jettent leurs déchets solides d'une manière sûre
Portuguese: % de agregados familiares que depositam os seus resíduos sólidos de forma segura
Czech: % domácností, které se pevného odpadu zbavují bezpečně
What is its purpose?
The indicator assesses the proportion of households which dispose of their solid waste in a way that does not threaten human and environmental health (which can occur, for example, from the breeding of flies and rodents or from polluting water sources).
How to Collect and Analyse the Required Data
Collect the following data by conducting individual interviews with a representative sample of your target group members:
RECOMMENDED SURVEY QUESTION (Q) AND POSSIBLE ANSWERS (A)
Q1: Where do you dispose of your household's solid waste?
1) bury it
2) burn it
3) carry to a designated waste disposal site
4) carry it to an unofficial waste dump
5) other – specify: …………………………
NOTE: Only answers 1-3 count as "safe disposal" (option 3 only if it is an officially designated place posing no health hazards).
To calculate the indicator's value, divide the number of households that dispose of their solid waste in a safe way (i.e. answers 1-3) by the total number of interviewed respondents. Multiply the result by 100 to convert it to a percentage.
Disaggregate the data by location.
1) BHA phrases this indicator differently, as "percent of households targeted by the WASH promotion program that are properly disposing of solid waste".


Why do egyptians believe in afterlife?
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Why do egyptians believe in afterlife?
Egyptians are strong believers in afterlife. This belief can be traced back to the myth of the existence of gods and goddesses, who were believed to control the life of humans on Earth. Because Egyptians believed in the rule of divine kingship, the concept a king's death is attributed to the god of the underworld, Osiris and the concept of proclaiming a new king is attributed to Osiris' offspring, Horus. Their belief system of a soul was that each individual possessed two. One soul, known as ka, accompanied the body throughout life. After death, ka departed from the body and entered into the realm of the dead. The ka could not exist without the body and every effort was made to preserve the corpse through mummification.
However, life after death is not guaranteed, considering the beliefs and myths that Egyptians strongly believe in. Gaining immortality after one's death does not simply go by being judged whether one belongs to heaven or hell. In ancient Egypt, immortality entails proving oneself to be worthy of the life immortal in the land of Osiris. If proven otherwise, one is placed in non existence. Afterlife is one belief that Egyptians strongly and divinely believed in because they were given facts of its ancient history how critical it is to live on Earth in order to live a life after death. Since this belief has been handed down from Egypt's ancient beginnings, it still firmly exists until today.
Because of this concept, Egyptians live their life with the ultimate goal of having an excellent afterlife more than how one's life has been lived on Earth. During their life on Earth until the time of their death, Egyptians engage into practices and behaviors that only praise the god of life.
Author: plaza
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One Response
 1. Tarek Arafa
 April 30, 2012 1:17 pm
 I am an Egyptian, i've lived in Egypt my Whole life and i have never met anyone who believes in the Ancient Afterlife concepts, yes they do believe in afterlife but just like anyone else knows that they'll go to either Heaven or Hell. please correct this because it is very clear that the writer is confused and does not know a thing about Egypt in the 21 first century..
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text:
Pizza making in year 1 and 2
Paul Hansel from The Hornsea Tesco store, came into school to work with our Year one and two classes. They have been looking at the country Italy in their topic. The pupils were taught where all the ingredients came from and how they were transported to our country. All pupils had the opportunity to prepare and eat pizza that they made. They all did a good job and the pizzas were delicious!

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text:
The state of New York is working to remove hundreds of dams built on tributaries of the Hudson River estuary to improve habitat connectivity and reduce the risk of dam failure. The Dams and Sediment in the Hudson (DaSH) project brought together a collaborative team of scientists and stakeholders to better understand how sediment released by dam removals would affect the estuary and provide practical tools to regulators and practitioners. Along with this dam removal estimation tool, the project produced a series of factsheets and journal articles about their research on the amount and potential impacts of sediment trapped behind dams and the processes governing marsh growth in the estuary.
About this resource
The tool is designed to support dam removal planning for the Lower Hudson River valley. It provides a decision tree to classify dams into impoundment types and guides dam owners and decision makers through the steps to estimate the total volume and mass of sediment stored behind a dam, compare trapped sediment to background sediment supply from the watershed, and consider preliminary impacts of sediment release following dam removal.


text:
The Montgomery blue spruce is almost identical visually to the globe blue spruce, with 'Montgomery' replacing 'Globosa' at the end of the scientific name, Picea pungens. The blue spruce's natural habitat is in the Rocky Mountains, where it can grow to towering heights exceeding 150 feet! These trees are kept under about 60 feet in cultivation, and as a slow-growing dwarf shrub, Montgomery blue spruce does not usually exceed 4 feet tall. In comparison, the globe blue spruce can grow up to 5 feet tall.
Montgomery blue spruce loves southern climates, and while New Jersey is not considered the South, much of the year is similar enough in temperature to make Montgomery blue spruce a viable option for homeowners in the Garden State. It prefers partial to full sun, weekly watering and slightly acidic, well-drained soil.
Did You Know?
Montgomery blue is somewhat drought-tolerant, and does not require pruning – a very low-maintenance spruce!
Other Fun Facts About Montgomery Spruce
- Blue spruce trees are referred to as "conifers" because of their cones and needlelike leaves.
- Blue spruce can withstand temperatures down to 40 degrees Fahrenheit and elevations up to 10,000 feet.
- Montgomery blue spruce is ideal for borders, rock gardens, or as an accent.


Breakfast Banana Split
Prep time: 5 minutes
Yield: 2 servings
Serving Size 1/2 banana split
Nutrition Facts: View Label(s)
Kid friendly
small banana
1⁄2 cup
oat, corn, or granola cereal
1⁄2 cup
low fat vanilla or strawberry yogurt
1⁄2 teaspoon
honey, optional (skip for children under the age of one)
1⁄2 cup
canned pineapple tidbits or chunks
 1. Peel and split banana lengthwise. Place half in two separate cereal bowls.
 2. Sprinkle granola over banana, reserving some for topping.
 3. Spoon yogurt on top and drizzle with honey.
 4. Decorate with reserved granola and pineapple.
 5. Serve immediately.
 6. Refrigerate leftovers within 2 hours.
 - Try other flavors of low fat yogurt or even cottage cheese.
 - Try other fresh, frozen, or canned fruits.
 - Some foods can cause choking in young children. Be sure that fruit pieces are very small and soft for toddlers. Avoid grapes, chunks of pineapple or melon. Instead, use softer canned fruit, such as fruit cocktail.
 - Honey is not recommended for children under 1 year old.
Last updated: 10/09/15
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text:
principle which states that two triangles are equal if they have two equal
angles and they share a common side is called: rule of isometry
geometry the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle is called: hypotenuse
- Where is
the film placed in relation to the tooth when performing bisecting angle
Along the lingual
surface of the tooth
- List two
ways to stabilize the film during bisecting angle radiography?
- Film holder
- Finger holding method
reasons why the digital method of film stabilization is least desirable?
1. Unnecessary radiation of patient's/client's hand
2. Patient/client may use excessive force to stabilize the film, causing
it to bend and distort the image
3. Patient/client may allow film to slip from its original position,
resulting in inadequate exposure of the area
4. Dental radiographer may align PID incorrectly, due to a lack of a film
holder, causing partial image or cone-cut
- How is
the vertical angulation different when using the bisecting angle technique
compared with paralleling technique?
technique, vertical angulation is directed perpendicular to the film,
whereas with bisecting technique, vertical angulation is directed
perpendicular to the imaginary bisector.
the proper direction of the central ray in the bisecting technique?
angulation of the central beam is directed perpendicular to the imaginary
- Horizontal angulation is directed through the contact areas between the
- X-ray beam has to be centered directly towards the film, to avoid
the distance between the film and tooth in the bisecting technique?
- Film must be
placed against the lingual surfaces of the tooth
- Occlusal end of the film must extend 1/8 of an inch beyond incisal edge
or occlusal surfaces
- The apical end must rest against the palatal or alveolar tissues
- What is
the result when using excessive vertical angulation with bisecting angle
the image results from excessive vertical angulation.
- What is
the result when using insufficient vertical angulation with bisecting
Elongation of the
image results from insufficient vertical angulation
the film placement for bisecting angle radiography with anterior teeth?
images are required for anterior section of the teeth, 4 for maxillary and
3 for mandibular teeth. Film with size No.1 is used. Procedure has to
begin from maxillary left side to maxillary right side, then down to
mandibular right side and finish with mandibular left side. Sequence for
1. Maxillary left canine
2. Maxillary left central and lateral incisor
3. Maxillary right central and lateral incisor
4. Maxillary right canine
5. Mandibular right canine
6. Mandibular incisors
7. Mandibular left canine
- List five
guidelines for film placement when using bisecting angle technique?
1. White side of
the film always faces the teeth
2. Anterior films are always placed vertically
3. Posterior films are always placed horizontally
4. Incisal or occlusal edge of the film has to be 1/8 of an inch extended
beyond incisal edge or occlusal surfaces of the teeth.
- What is
the major advantage of using bisecting angle radiography?
It can be used
without film holder when the anatomy of the patient precludes the use of a
- What are
some disadvantages of using bisecting angle radiography?
1. Image distortion
2. Angulation problems
3. Unnecessary exposure
- What is
the position of the identification dot when bisecting angle radiography?
incisal edge or occlusal surfaces of the tooth.
size film is used most often when performing bisecting angle radiography
on an adult?
film No.1, for posteriors film No.2
- What is
the direction of the central ray when using bisecting angle technique?
Central ray has
to be positioned centrally to the examined area so the film is positioned
in the middle of the central ray. Central ray has to be parallel to the imaginary
technique is preferred for exposure of periapical films?
technique is preferred to the bisecting technique for exposure of
periapical films and should be used whenever possible.


Reference > World Factbook, 2008
 The World Factbook. 2008.
Flag of Moldova Map of Moldova
Location:Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
Geographic coordinates:47 00 N, 29 00 E
Map references:Europe
Area:total: 33,843 sq km
land: 33,371 sq km
water: 472 sq km
Area—comparative:slightly larger than Maryland
Land boundaries:total: 1,389 km
border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km
Coastline:0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:none (landlocked)
Climate:moderate winters, warm summers
Terrain:rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
Elevation extremes:lowest point: Dniester River 2 m
highest point: Dealul Balanesti 430 m
Natural resources:lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land, limestone
Land use:arable land: 54.52%
permanent crops: 8.81%
other: 36.67% (2005)
Irrigated land:3,000 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:11.7 cu km (1997)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):total: 2.31 cu km/yr (10%/58%/33%)
per capita: 549 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:landslides (57 cases in 1998)
Environment—current issues:heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography—note:landlocked; well endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone
Population:4,320,490 (July 2007 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 16.5% (male 365,733/female 347,305)
15-64 years: 72.6% (male 1,520,094/female 1,616,014)
65 years and over: 10.9% (male 175,113/female 296,231) (2007 est.)
Median age:total: 34 years
male: 32.1 years
female: 36.1 years (2007 est.)
Population growth rate:-0.11% (2007 est.)
Birth rate:10.88 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate:10.85 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Net migration rate:-1.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.053 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.941 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.591 male(s)/female
total population: 0.912 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Infant mortality rate:total: 13.88 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:total population: 70.2 years
male: 66.51 years
female: 74.11 years (2007 est.)
Total fertility rate:1.25 children born/woman (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS—people living with HIV/AIDS:5,500 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS—deaths:less than 300 (2001 est.)
Nationality:noun: Moldovan(s)
adjective: Moldovan
note: internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region
Religions:Eastern Orthodox 98%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist and other 0.5% (2000)
Literacy:definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.1%
male: 99.7%
female: 98.6% (2005 est.)
Country name:conventional long form: Republic of Moldova
conventional short form: Moldova
local long form: Republica Moldova
local short form: Moldova
former: Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic
Government type:republic
Capital:name: Chisinau (Kishinev)
note: pronounced kee-shee-now
geographic coordinates: 47 00 N, 28 51 E
municipalities: Balti, Bender, Chisinau
autonomous territorial unit: Gagauzia
territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului
Independence:27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday:Independence Day, 27 August (1991)
Legal system:based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of resolution; accepts many UN and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: President Vladimir VORONIN (since 4 April 2001)
head of government: Prime Minister Vasile TARLEV (since 15 April 2001); First Deputy Prime Minister Zinaida GRECIANII (since 10 October 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet selected by president, subject to approval of Parliament
Judicial branch:Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature)
Political parties and leaders:Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN]; Democratic Party or PD [Dumitru DIACOV]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLDM [Vladmir FILAT]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]; Our Moldova Alliance or AMN [Serafim URECHEAN]; Party for Social Democracy or PDSM [Dumitru BRAGHIS]; Social Liberal Party or PSL [Oleg SEREBRIAN]
Political pressure groups and leaders:NA
International organization participation:ACCT, BSEC, CE, CEI, CIS, EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:chief of mission: Ambassador Nicolae CHIRTOACA
chancery: 2101 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] _PHONE_
FAX: [1] _PHONE_
Diplomatic representation from the US:chief of mission: Ambassador Michael D. KIRBY
embassy: 103 Mateevici Street, Chisinau MD-2009
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [373] (22) 40-8300
FAX: [373] (22) 23-3044
GDP (purchasing power parity):$9.999 billion (2007 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):$4.021 billion (2007 est.)
GDP—composition by sector:agriculture: 18.4%
industry: 22.4%
services: 59.2% (2007 est.)
Labor force:1.333 million (2007 est.)
Labor force—by occupation:agriculture: 40.7%
industry: 12.1%
services: 47.2% (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate:2.1%; note - roughly 25% of working age Moldovans are employed abroad (2007 est.)
Population below poverty line:29.5% (2005)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 26.4% (2003)
Distribution of family income—Gini index:33.2 (2003)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):12.5% (2007 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):25.3% of GDP (2007 est.)
Budget:revenues: $1.764 billion
expenditures: $1.771 billion (2007 est.)
Public debt:24.6% of GDP (2007 est.)
Agriculture—products:vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; beef, milk
Industrial production growth rate:6% (2007 est.)
Electricity—production:3.881 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity—consumption:5.551 billion kWh (2005


How to run npm Behind A Proxy Server - a step-by-step guide
You might need to modify npm install commands that access remote repositories (npmjs, for example) for installing Node JS modules; if your internet access is through a proxy server.
Proxy servers are common in college and business type environments.
You can locate your proxy settings from your browser's settings panel.
Using Proxy with NPM
Once you have obtained the proxy settings (server URL, port, username and password); you need to configure your npm configurations as follows.
$ npm config set proxy http://:@:
$ npm config set https-proxy http://:@:
You would have to replace , , , with the values specific to your proxy server credentials.
These fields are optional. For instance, your proxy server might not even require and , or that it might be running on port 80 (in which case is not required).
Once you have set these, your npm install, npm i -g etc. would work properly.
When Not to Use
You should not have to use npm commands with proxy settings, if either of the following happens:
 - Your system administrator or corporate policy does not allow you to access remote npm repositories from NPM-JS, for instance.
 - The remote repository of Node modules in question is not in your machine, but it's within the internal network.
Unset Proxy Settings
Use this blog post to unset your proxy settings. You can also manually remove the lines specifying your proxy settings from your.npmrc file.
You may use the following resources for further reading on this:-
I used this type of my proxy, but the connection failed to establish. What's the problem?
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Imago Dei
Write a 1,000-1,250-word essay covering the two topics below, relying primarily on the reading assignments for the first two topics, your own thinking, and only secondarily on the Topic 2 Overview. Determine the implications of the Imago Dei for how counselors understand counselees and the task of counseling. Discuss the main differences between a Christian and a secular/naturalistic perspective.
Utilize topic materials to support your responses.


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BARSABAS bär sə' bəs (KJV), BARSABBAS bär săb' əs (RSV) (Βαρσαββα̂ς, G984, son of Saba, or son of the sabbath, etc.). A patronymic of two early Jewish Christians, possibly brothers. 1. Joseph, surnamed Justus, one of the two men nominated to succeed Judas in the apostolic band (Acts 1:23). The qualifications required show that he had a close acquaintance with Jesus.
2. Judas, sent to Antioch with Silas with the decision of the Jerusalem conference (15:22). He was an esteemed member at Jerusalem and a prophet (15:32).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915)
bar'-sa-bas, bar-sab'-as.
See Joseph Barsabbas; Judas Barsabbas.
Biblical Training


text:
The composer and musician Giovanni Francesco Giuliani (c.1760–1818) lived and worked in Florence during an immense flourishing of creativity during the late 18th and early 19th centuries; this era witnessed, among other events, the founding of Pietro Nardini's prestigious music school, premiere performances of important new works, and a choir and new instrumental ensembles, all influenced by the creation of a small state court with close links to Vienna. Within this climate, Giuliani worked as an orchestral and operatic violinist and music teacher, and was known for his instrumental compositions.
Not only is this recording of interest because of its focus on a composer whose work is rarely performed, yet who lived within a time of great musical creativity, harp sonatas were rare during Giuliani's era, and the repertoire heard here is part of just a few examples of this type of work. While the early sonatas tend to feature the standard instrumental sonata form, later pieces often contain prelude or interlude movements of a freer or improvisatory nature. All, however, are similar in their use of the Galant style, with predictable harmonic and tonal structures, chordal accompaniments, and simple, flowing melodies.
The repertoire featured in this recording is complemented by the use of an Erard harp from 1818, performed by Lisetta Rossi.
- Rare repertoire, by a relatively unknown composer
- Part of the Tesori Musicali Toscani project, which aims to promote relatively unknown Tuscan music from the 16th to 18th centuries
- Booklet notes included, in English and Italian.


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My question concerns the least prime (denoted $p(a, q)$) in the arithmetic progression $a \pmod q$ where $a$ and $q$ are coprime. Quite a time ago Linnik demonstrated that $$p(a, q) \ll q^L$$ for some absolute constant $L$. Wiki page for this theorem lists a number of papers that estimate $L$ with the most recent result by Xylouris who proved that $L \leq 5.2$.
It is also known that the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis implies $$p(a, q) \ll (q\log q)^2 \text{,}$$ while in 1978, Heath-Brown conjectured even tighter bound: $$p(a, q) \ll q(\log q)^2 \text{.}$$ I'm wondering whether this last bound, if true (it is still an open problem), implies something non-trivial about $L$-functions?
share|improve this question
I'd guess that you could try to plug in the relevant values into the explicit formula (for example see equation (2) here: math.ubc.ca/~gerg/teaching/613-Winter2011/LinnikTheorem.pdf) and do the computations, but I'll leave a more authoritative statement on this to the experts. – Timothy Foo Mar 8 '12 at 7:02
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
I haven't looked at such types of questions, however my first thought is no: I don't see (or haven't seen yet) how the existence of one prime (or a small number of them) would force the Dirichlet L-functions (I guess these are which you meant) to look in a certain way.
As an example, take the explicit formula which counts the number of primes in arithmetic progressions by using zeros of some L-functions.
Now, if you know that the "left side" in the particular equation (counting the primes) is 1 instead of 0, this does not seem to force anything noteworthy for the zeros which appear in the sum of the right side....Some small change in the imaginary parts of a couple of zeros (with very large imaginary part) might be enough to change the total value by 1, which then implies my answer for the special case if you only use the explicit formula. However, most arguments in analytic number theory (where this theorem on the least prime number comes from) tend to give similar behavior.
I hope, you understand the point I am trying to make besides my unclear presentation.
share|improve this answer
I think I agree. If you knew there were lots of small primes in every arithmetic progression - essentially the desired asymptotic number with a small error term - then that would probably improve the known zero-free region for Dirichlet $L$-functions, up to a proof of the generalized Riemann hypothesis if the error term were good enough. But just one small prime in each residue class, I'm not sure that would give us any leverage. – Greg Martin Mar 13 '12 at 18:41
That's a good point Greg which I wanted to mention as well and forgot. – user22119 Mar 14 '12 at 10:03
Thanks to both of you: unknown and Greg. I think I understand. Your arguments sound convincing. – kdr Mar 25 '12 at 21:26
Your Answer


liquid hydrogen in terms of the fluidity check, void fraction measurement, operation procedure set-up, and so on for the development of the HANARO-CNS. This paper presents the estimated void fraction in the different operating conditions and geometrical shape in the comparison with the measurement data of the void fraction in the full-scale mockup test based on the Kazimi and Chen correlation. This approach is applied to estimate the average void fraction in the newly designed moderator cell using the liquid hydrogen as a working fluid in the two-phase thermosiphon. From this calculation result, the estimated average void fraction will be used to design the optimized cold neutron source to produce the maximum cold neutron flux within the desired wavelength.
 3. Thermal hydraulic tests of a liquid hydrogen cold neutron source. NISTIR 5026
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Siegwarth, J.D.; Olson, D.A.; Lewis, M.A.; Rowe, J.M.; Williams, R.E.; Kopetka, P.
 1995-01-01
 Liquid hydrogen cold neutron source designed at NBSR contains neutron moderator chamber. The NIST-B electrically heated glass moderator chamber used to test the NBSR chamber testing showed the following results: Stable operation possible up to at least 2200 watts with two-phase flow; LH 2 mass quickly reaches new, stable value after heat load change; Void fraction well below 20 at anticipated power and pressure; Restart of H 2 flow verified after extending supply line; Visual inspection showed no dryout or unexpected voids
 4. Geometrical shape optimization of a cold neutron source using artificial intelligence strategies
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Azmy, Y.Y.
 1989-01-01
 A new approach is developed for optimizing the geometrical shape of a cold neutron source to maximize its cold neutron outward leakage. An analogy is drawn between the shape optimization problem and a state space search, which is the fundamental problem in Artificial Intelligence applications. The new optimization concept is implemented in the computer code DAIT in which the physical model is represented by a two group, r-z geometry nodal diffusion method, and the state space search is conducted via the Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The accuracy of the nodal diffusion method solution is established on meshes of interest, and is shown to behave qualitatively the same as transport theory solutions. The dependence of the optimum shape and its value on several physical and search parameters is examined via numerical experimentation. 10 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs
 5. Performance of the prototype LANL solid deuterium ultra-cold neutron source
 CERN Document Server
 Hill, R E; Bowles, T J; Greene, G L; Hogan, G; Lamoreaux, S; Marek, L; Mortenson, R; Morris, C L; Saunders, A; Seestrom, S J; Teasdale, W A; Hoedl, S; Liu, C Y; Smith, D A; Young, A; Filippone, B W; Hua, J; Ito, T; Pasyuk, E A; Geltenbort, P; García, A; Fujikawa, B; Baessler, S; Serebrov, A
 2000-01-01
 A prototype of a solid deuterium (SD sub 2) source of Ultra-Cold Neutrons (UCN) is currently being tested at LANSCE. The source is contained within an assembly consisting of a 4 K polyethylene moderator surrounded by a 77 K beryllium flux trap in which is embedded a spallation target. Time-of-flight measurements have been made of the cold neutron spectrum emerging directly from the flux trap assembly. A comparison is presented of these measurements with results of Monte Carlo (LAHET/MCNP) calculations of the cold neutron fluxes produced in the prototype assembly by a beam of 800 MeV protons incident on the tungsten target. A UCN detector was coupled to the assembly through a guide system with a critical velocity of 8 m/s ( sup 5 sup 8 Ni). The rates and time-of-flight data from this detector are compared with calculated values. Measurements of UCN production as a function of SD sub 2 volume (thickness) are compared with predicted values. The dependence of UCN production on SD sub 2 temperature and proton beam...
 6. The increase of the subthermal neutron flux by using a cold neutron source at the FRG-1
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Krueger, A.; Turgut, M.H.
 1986-01-01
 The increase of the subthermal neutron flux (wavelength range 4-6 A by a cold neutron source (CNS) at a radial beam tube of the FRG-1 reactor is investigated in combination with different reflectors (H 2 O, C, Be, D 2 O). Advantage factors on the basis of the directed neutron flux, resulting from the use of the CNS, are calculated for various configurations. In addition, the influence of different scattering models (gas, Koppel/Young) for the CNS, group structure, and structural materials are described. Finally, the CNS assembly which is going to be installed at the FRG-1 is treated in detail. For the calculations the transport code NEUTRA and the spectral code GGC-4 are used. (orig.) [de
 7. High brilliant thermal and cold moderator for the HBS neutron source project Jülich
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Cronert, T; Zakalek, P; Rücker, U; Brückel, T; Dabruck, J P; Doege, P E; Nabbi, R; Bessler, Y; Hofmann, M; Butzek, M; Klaus, M; Lange, C; Hansen, W
 2016-01-01
 The proposed High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS), recognized within the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, will optimize the entire chain from particle source through particle accelerator, target, moderator, reflector, shielding, beam extraction, beam transport all the way to the detector, utilizing the nuclear Be(p,n) or Be(d,n) reaction in the lower MeV energy range. A D 2 O moderating reflector prototype (MRP) and a cold source were constructed and build according to MCNP parameter studies. The MRP was tested in a feasibility study at the TREFF instrument at MLZ (Garching). Cold beam extraction from the flux maximum within the moderator based on liquid para H 2 and other cold moderators will be tested by energy spectroscopy via TOF-method. Different ratios of liquid ortho/para H 2 will be fed to the cold moderator. The ratio will be controlled by feeding from reservoires of natural liquid H 2 and a storage loop with an ortho/para converter and determined via online heat capacity measurement. (paper)
 8. Thermodynamic considerations on self-regulating characteristics of a cold neutron source with a closed thermosiphon
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Kawai, Takeshi; Utsuro, Masahiko; Ogino, Fumimaru.
 1991-01-01
 The present report describes that a cold neutron source (CNS) having a closed-thermosiphon cooling loop shows a self-regulating characteristic under thermal disturbances if the effect of the moderator transfer tube is negligible. Due to this property, the liquid level in the moderator cell is kept almost constant under thermal disturbances. The thermodynamic meaning of the self-regulating property in the idealized closed-thermosiphon and the effect of the moderator transfer tube to the self-regulation are described. (author)
 9. Hydrogen-Oxygen Reaction Assessment in the HANARO Cold Neutron Source
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Choi, Jung Woon; Kim, Hark Rho; Lee, Kye Hong; Han, Young Soo; Kim, Young Ki; Kim, Seok Hoon; Jeong, Jong Tae
 2006-04-01
 Liquid hydrogen, filled in the moderator cell of the in-pool assembly (IPA), is selected as a moderator to moderate thermal neutrons into cold neutrons for the HANARO Cold Neutron Source. Since the IPA will be installed in the vertical CN hole of the reflector tank at HANARO, the vacuum chamber (VC), the pressure boundary against the reactor, should withstand the detonation pressure so as to avoid any physical damage on the reactor under the hydrogen-oxygen chemical reaction. Accordingly, not only will the vacuum chamber be designed to keep its integrity against the hydrogen accident, but also the hydrogen and vacuum system will be designed with the leak-tight concept and also designed to be surrounded by the inert gas blanket system to prevent any air intrusion into the system. Also, in order to confirm the design concept of the CNS as well as VC integrity against the hydrogen accident, the hydrogen-oxygen chemical reaction is evaluated in this report by several methodologies: AICC methodology, Equivalent TNT detonation methodology, Explosion test result, and Calculation of VC strain under the maximum reflected explosion load
 10. Hydrogen-Oxygen Reaction Assessment in the HANARO Cold Neutron Source
 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
 Choi, Jung Woon; Kim, Hark Rho; Lee, Kye Hong; Han, Young Soo; Kim, Young Ki; Kim, Seok Hoon; Jeong, Jong Tae
 2006-04-15
 Liquid hydrogen, filled in the moderator cell of the in-pool assembly (IPA), is selected as a moderator to moderate thermal neutrons into cold neutrons for the


text:
Cover photo full
Kakadu National Park
Wikipedia | Google | Google Images | FlickrKakadu National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is located approximately 240 kilometers south of Darwin in the Northern Territory. Covering nearly 20,000 square kilometers, it is the biggest national park in Australia. It extends from the rocky and stony inland plateaus and ridges in the south through billabongs , floodplains, and valleys to the coastal wetlands in the north. The southern hills and cliffs are made of ancient volcanic rocks and sandstone. These cliffs on the Arnhem Plateau are up to 300 meters high. This is a region that consists of rivers and waterfalls. The park's lowlands and floodplains make up about 80% of the surface area. They are covered in woodlands and forests. The northern areas consist of estuaries, wetlands, and tidal flats, providing a year-round refuge for water birds.
Flora and FaunaThese varied landscapes in one of Australia's most iconic national parks provide a home to a large variety of endemic animals and plants. A quarter of the country's freshwater and estuarine fish live in Kakadu National Park, as do more than a third of its bird species. Many of the animals in the park can't be found anywhere else in the world.
Examples of high-profile mammals are Kangaroos, Wallaroos, Wallabies, Quolls and Flying Foxes.
More than a hundred reptile species live in the national park, many of which are snakes. Kakadu National Park is also home to two crocodile species: Freshwater Crocodiles and Estuarine or Saltwater Crocodiles. There are a stunning 10,000 crocodiles in the park.
Plant life is abundant as well. There are more than 2,000 species. The variation between geology and landscapes provide habitats to a wide range of plants. Typical plants for Kakadu National Park are Speargrass, Pandanus, Kapok Bush and Darwin Woollybutt.
Darwin is the nearest city to Kakadu National Park, situated in a vast region that is partly owned by Aboriginals. It is part of Arnhem Land, which encompasses the entire north of the Northern Territory. This enormous land consists of savannah-like woodlands, estuaries, rocky cliffs, floodplains, and wetlands.
HistoryThe Kakadu area has been inhabited for more than 40,000 years. More than 5,000 Aboriginal rock art sites are known in the park, which provide an illustrated history of Aboriginal culture in the span of nearly 20,000 year. Kakadu National Park has the world's highest concentration of Aboriginal rock art. The Aboriginal people in the north of the park are known as "Bininj"; the people in the south as "Munnguy". This enormous wealth of cultural history, in addition to the park's immense natural value, was the reason Kakadu National Park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. About half of the Kakadu area is now owned by Aboriginals, while the other half is currently being claimed by them. Many of them keep true to their traditional beliefs and customs. Approximately 500 Aboriginals still live in the park.
The name 'Kakadu' is derived from the word "Gaagudju", the name of an ancient Aboriginal language that was spoken in the northern parts of the park.
In 1965, it was suggested to create a national park in the area. It was a time when the people of Australia became more aware of the importance of preserving natural landscapes and historic sites. Kakadu National Park was established in three stages, between 1979 and 1991.
Waterfalls and TrailsKakadu National Park is famous for its bodies of water, ranging from wetlands and river to billabongs and waterfalls. Water has shaped much of the present-day landscape in the park. Especially the waterfalls are spectacular, attracting huge numbers of visitors each year. Billabongs that are crocodile-free provide excellent natural swimming pools. In the dry season, when the rivers shrink to small streams, visitors can get close to the waterfalls, while from November to May the waterfalls thunder down the cliffs and are at their most impressive.
Jim Jim FallsThe national park's most famous waterfall is Jim Jim Falls. This spectacular waterfall lies on Jim Jim Creek close to the eastern border of the park and is listed as an Australian National Heritage Site. Jim Jim Falls' drop varies between 140 meters and 200 meters. In the dry season the waterfall can be reached along a 60-kilometer gravel road, the last section of which is challenging and only accessible by 4WD. During the dry season the waterfall dries up almost completely.
The waterfall is at its most breathtaking in the wet season. A major landmark in Kakadu National Park, Jim Jim Falls is set in the Arnhem Land escarpment with its recognizable red ochre colors. The water in the billabong is perfectly clear and white sandy beaches surround the plunge pool. A suggested way to see the waterfall is by hiking.
The Jim Jim Pool Walk is a strongly recommended hike for all people who visit the park. It leads through monsoon forest and runs over boulders and rocks towards the plunge pool where the Jim Jim Falls thunder down. The deep pool is surrounded by magnificent 150-meter cliffs. In the dry season the entire area around the waterfall can be explored on foot. A great, but challenging, hike is the extremely steep Barrk Marlam Bushwalk that runs through the rocky landscape of the Arnhem Land Plateau.
Twin FallsTwin Falls are two waterfalls located near Jim Jim Falls. This split waterfall on the Alligator River cascades 150 meters down an impressive cliff. These waterfalls also shrink to barely a trickle in the dry season. However, in the wet season they are marvelous. The very best way to get close to the Twin Falls is by boat shuttle. The Twin Falls Gorge Boat Shuttle ferries visitors to the base of the falls. A boardwalk allows more exploration and offers fantastic views of the cliffs and waterfalls. There is a sandy beach as well, perfect for a picnic. These falls are also listed as an Australian National Heritage Site.
Both the Jim Jim Falls and Twin Falls can be accessed by 4WD. A great and popular way to see them from a different perspective is by taking a scenic flight over the Jim Jim Area.
More waterfalls can be found and seen in the Mary River Region in the south of Kakadu National Park.
Gunlom FallsGunlom Falls are located on Waterfall Creek and are a fine combination of beautiful waterfalls and a relaxing plunge pool. Nice picnic areas, campsites and solar-powered showers are covered in the shade from tall fum trees. Fun activities are swimming in the plunge pool or hiking on the steep trail to the top of Gunlom Falls. The views from the top are spectacular and include large areas of the southern part of Kakadu National Park. The easy and flat hike to Murrill Billabong is scenic and nice for bird watching.
Maguk Plunge PoolMaguk Plunge Pool can be reached via a 2-kilometer walk through monsoon forest. The scenic Maguk/Barramundi Gorge is made up of a small waterfall and a series of small pools. Visitors can hike to the top of the waterfall for great panoramic views.
Yurmikmik WalksAnother strongly recommended wet season activity is the Yurmikmik Walks. A series of connected hiking trails, the Yurmikmik Walks lead hikers to several swimming holes and waterfalls in the south of Kakadu National Park. Individual hikes are Boulder Creek Walk, Yurmikmik Lookout, Kurrundie Creek Walk and Motor Car Falls. These waterfalls and hiking trails are generally open all year round, in contrary the areas around the national park's larger waterfall, which can be closed in the wet season.
Yellow Water BillabongNot a waterfall, but another major water landmark in Kakadu National Park is Yellow Water Billabong. This large waterhole lies near the village of Cooinda. Each year during the wet season the billabong floods and connects to other waterways in the area and it is a permanent waterhole in the dry season. This attracts a plethora of wildlife, such as millions of migrating birds, sea eagles, crocodiles, wild horses and many, many more. Visitors can see the billabong by boat cruise or enjoy a phenomenal sunset from the viewing platform. Hikes in the Yellow Water Region include the Yellow Water Wetland, Mardugal Billabong and Gungardun Walks.
Things to DoThe sheer size of Kakadu National Park means that there are also many options for activities and many things to see.
Being home to the largest concentration of Aboriginal rock at on the planet, one of the major highlights in the park are those ancient drawings and painting. Ubirr Rock offers one of the greatest examples of X-ray art and is a world-renowned site. In other places, visitors can observe prints of animals, people, and Dreamtime characters. Other sites contain stone tools and shelters.
Nature's Way is a fantastic drive that runs from Darwin through wetlands and towards Kakadu National Park. It continues past this park to other national parks in the area, such as Litchfield National Park and Nitmiluk National Park. It is a great way to explore Arnhem Land and participate in activities such as hiking, canoeing, wildlife watching, and swimming in billabongs.
The national park offers a dazzling variety of activities. Visitors can explore the park on foot on numerous hiking trails, go camping, swimming, and see waterfalls. Crocodile tours and scenic flights are popular activities well.
How to Get ThereKakadu National Park can be reached by either bus or car from Katherine and Darwin. From Darwin, the park lies about 240 kilometers


text:
To look at the photos, open the Java Applet Index page.
Note: It will open in a separate window. Arrange your browser windows so that the applet and the student page can be easily viewed.
Here are some things to notice on the applet:
- display of x (in pixels)
- display of y (in pixels)
To get an idea of how this will work, select one of the faces.
Here are some questions to think about:
Looking at the x-coordinates
Looking at the y-coordinates
- Click on the left side of the mouth. What value is x?
- Click on the right side of the mouth. What value is x?
- What is the difference between the two values of x?
- Click on left side of the mouth. What value is y?
- Click on the right side of the mouth. What value is y?
- What is the difference between the two values of y?
To determine the distance in pixels of the resting mouth, should you pay more attention to the change in the x-coordinate or the y-coordinate? Can you explain why?
Now that you have the idea of how to find measurements in pixels. Find the lengths of the resting mouth and the smiling mouth for each person.
Using the data that we have, let's calculate the percentage increase. Need help in knowing how to do that? Check the Dr. Math links below.
Generalize the method that you used to find the lengths between points located on the face. Write the steps needed to calculate the percentage increase between the resting and smiling mouth.
Use your own photograph and see how much wider your smile is!


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About Northern Maariana Islands
The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is a group of 14 islands in the North Pacific Ocean along the Mariana Trench the deepest location on earth.
Ferdinand Magellan, discoverer by trade, claimed the islands for Spain in 1521. As usual, the following seizure by Spanish colonists was definitly much of a disadvantage for the local inhabitants the Chamorro, they have been almost wiped out. Some centuries later the islands were sold by Spain to Germany in 1899 and remained under the German flag until 1914 when the Japanese moved against the Germans, forced them out and virtually annexed the Islands into the Empire. The islands came under US administration as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific. Today the islands with their cultural and historical attractions, world class golf courses, luxury hotels, tropical jungles and colorful underwater reef life, are a destination for vacation trips.


of the ring's particles to the area of the ring. It assumes values from zero to infinity. A light beam passing normally through a ring will be attenuated by the factor e–τ.[15]
 2. ^ a b The equivalent depth ED of a ring is defined as an integral of the normal optical depth across the ring. In other words ED = ∫τdr, where r is radius.[16]
 3. ^ The longitude system is fixed as of 18 August 1989. The zero point corresponds to the zero meridian on Neptune.[5]
 4. ^ The corotation inclination resonance (CIR) of the order m between a moon on inclined orbit and a ring occurs if the pattern speed of the perturbing potential \Omega (from a moon) equals the mean motion of the ring particles n_p. In other words the following condition should be met m\Omega=n_pm=(m-1)n_s+\dot\Omega_s, where \dot\Omega_s and n_s are the nodal precession rate and mean motion of the moon, respectively.[13] CIR supports 2m stable sites along the ring.
 5. ^ The corotation eccentricity resonance (CER) of the order m between a moon on eccentric orbit and a ring occurs if the pattern speed of the perturbing potential \Omega (from a moon) equals the mean motion of the ring particles n_p. In other words the following condition should be met m\Omega=n_pm=(m-1)n_s+\dot\omega_s, where \dot\omega_s and n_s are the apsidal precession rate and mean motion of the moon, respectively.[25] CER supports m stable sites along the ring.
 6. ^ Forward-scattered light is light scattered at a small angle relative to solar light. Back-scattered light is light scattered at an angle close to 180° (backwards) relative to solar light. The scattering angle is close to 90° for side-scattered light.
 7. ^ The equivalent depth of Galle and Lassell rings is a product of their width and the normal optical depth.
 1. ^ Hubbard, W.B.; Brahic, A.; Bouchet, P.; Elicer, L.-R.; Haefner, R.; Manfroid, J.; Roques, F.; Sicardy, B.; Vilas, F. (1985). "Occultation Detection of a Neptune Ring Segment". Press Abstracts from the Sixteenth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, held March 11–15, 1985, in Houston, TX. LPI Contribution 559, published by the Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3303 Nasa Road 1, Houston, TX 77058, 1985, p.35. Bibcode:1985LPICo.559...35H.
 2. ^ Manfroid, J.; Haefner, R.; Bouchet, P. (1986). "New evidence for a ring around Neptune". Astronomy and Astrophysics 157 (1): L3. Bibcode:1986A&A...157L...3M.
 3. ^ a b c d e f g h Miner, Ellis D., Wessen, Randii R., Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. (2007). "The discovery of the Neptune ring system". Planetary Ring Systems. Springer Praxis Books. ISBN 978-0-387-34177-4.
 4. ^ Listed in increasing distance from the planet
 5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Miner, Ellis D., Wessen, Randii R., Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. (2007). "Present knowledge of the Neptune ring system". Planetary Ring System. Springer Praxis Books. ISBN 978-0-387-34177-4.
 6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Banfield, D.; Barnet, C.; Basilevsky, A. T.; Beebe, R. F.; Bollinger, K.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A. (1989). "Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging Science Results". Science 246 (4936): 1422–1449. Bibcode:1989Sci...246.1422S. doi:10.1126/science._PHONE_.1422. PMID _PHONE_. edit
 7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Horn, Linda J.; Hui, John; Lane, Arthur L. (1990). "Observations of Neptunian rings by Voyager photopolarimeter experiment". Geophysics Research Letters 17 (10): 1745–1748. Bibcode:1990GeoRL..17.1745H. doi:10.1029/GL017i010p01745.
 8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Burns, J.A.; Hamilton, D.P.; Showalter, M.R. (2001). "Dusty Rings and Circumplanetary Dust: Observations and Simple Physics" (pdf). In Grun, E.; Gustafson, B. A. S.; Dermott, S. T.; Fechtig H. Interplanetary Dust. Berlin: Springer. pp. 641–725.
 9. ^ a b Sicardy, B.; Roques, F.; Brahic, A. (1991). "Neptune's Rings, 1983–1989 Ground-Based Stellar Occultation Observations". Icarus 89 (2): 220. Bibcode:1991Icar...89..220S. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(91)90175-S.
 10. ^ Nicholson, P.D.; Cooke, Maren L. et al. (1990). "Five Stellar Occultations by Neptune: Further Observations of Ring Arcs". Icarus 87 (1): 1. Bibcode:1990Icar...87....1N. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(90)90020-A.
 11. ^ a b Dumas, Cristophe; Terrile, Richard J. et al. (1999). "Stability of Neptune's ring arcs in question" (pdf). Nature 400 (6746): 733–735. Bibcode:1999Natur.400..733D. doi:10.1038/23414.
 12. ^ a b c d dePater, Imke; Gibbard, Seren et al. (2005). "The Dynamic Neptunian Ring Arcs: Evidence for a Gradual Disappearance of Liberté and Resonant Jump of Courage" (pdf). Icarus 174 (1): 263–272. Bibcode:2005Icar..174..263D. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.020.
 13. ^ a b c d e f g h i Porco, C.C. (1991). "An Explanation for Neptune's Ring Arcs". Science 253 (5023): 995–1001. Bibcode:1991Sci...253..995P. doi:10.1126/science._PHONE_.995. PMID _PHONE_.
 14. ^ Editorial (1910). "Obituaries: G. V. Schiaparelli, J. G. Galle, J. B. N. Hennessey J. Coles, J. E. Gore". The Observatory 33: 311–318. Bibcode:1910Obs....33..311.
 15. ^ Ockert, M.E.; Cuzzin, J.N.; Porco, C.C.; and Johnson, T.V. (1987). "Uranian ring photometry: Results from Voyager 2". Journal of Geophysical Research 92 (A13): 14,969–78. Bibcode:1987JGR....9214969O. doi:10.1029/JA092iA13p14969.
 16. ^ Holberg, J.B.; Nicholson, P. D.; French, R.G.; Elliot, J.L. (1987). "Stellar occultation probes of the Uranian rings at 0.1 and 2.2 μm – A comparison of Voyager UVS and earth-based results". The Astronomical Journal 94: 178–188. Bibcode:1987AJ.....94..178H. doi:10.1086/114462.
 17. ^ a b c d e f Colwell, Joshua E.; Esposito, Larry W. (1990). "A model of dust production in the Neptunian ring system". Geophysics Research Letters 17 (10): 1741–1744. Bibcode:1990GeoRL..17.1741C. doi:10.1029/GL017i010p01741.
 18. ^ Adams, John (


text:
Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer System Using Wavelength Modulated Source
Meller, Scott A.
MetadataShow full item record
Interferometric optical fiber sensors have proved many orders of magnitude more sensitive than their electrical counterparts, but they suffer from limitations in signal demodulation caused by phase ambiguity and complex fringe counting when the output phase difference exceeds one fringe period. Various signal demodulation methods have been developed to overcome some of the these drawbacks with limited success. This thesis proposes a new measurement system for the extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) sensor. Using a wavelength modulated source and a novel extended-gap EFPI, some of the limitations of interferometric signal demodulation are overcome. By scanning the output wavelength of a multilongitudinal mode laser diode through current modulation, the EFPI sensor signal is scanned through multiple fringes. Gap movement is then unambiguously determined by monitoring the phase of the multiple fringe pattern.
- Masters Theses


text:
Kerala is famous for its various martial arts. Some of them include Kalaripayattu, Parisa Kali, Velakanni, Valeru, Kunderu and Njaninmel Kali.
Kalaripayattu is the best and most scientific martial arts in the world. The meaning of the term Kalaripayattu is the fighting art of the Kalari. This fighting is one part of the ayurvedic physical treatment in Kerala called the Kalarichikitsa. The origin and introduction of Kalaripayattu is still unknown and it was considered to be emerged from the old traditions of South Kerala. It was also influenced by the north Indian martial traditions. The present form of Kalari has existed since around 1500 years back. It is a combination of art forms from both North and South Kerala. It is believed that in 350 A.D. this martial art was carried away across the Himalayas by a Buddhist monk named Bodhi Dharma to give rise to another art named Chinese Kung Fu.
Kalari means battlefield and the in charge of Kalari was given to the Nayakanmar. They were later came to be called as the Nayars. In each region they are called by various names like Kurup, Nambiyar, Panicker etc. The Nayar will be in charge of a kalari or several kalaris and they are responsible for training the people in kalaripayattu. Such a person is called as Gurukkal which means master. In the olden times, Kalaris were established in Nayar homes. The Sanskrit word Khaloorika means a place where weapon training is done. It is believed that the word Kalari has originated from this Sanskrit word. And so the method of training in combats and weapon fights came to be called as Kalaripayattu.
Kalari was a place where subjects related to medicine, philosophy, astrology, geometry, yoga etc were taught. In Kalaripayattu, yoga is required for exercise and ayurveda is needed for medical treatments. The training starts with whole body oil massage until the body becomes supple. Steps such as ottam, chattam, marichil etc are then taught. Then the students are taught to handle various weapons and also to fight with hand. Some of the weapons include knives, bow and arrow, sword, stick, long and flexible spring like sword called urumi etc. It requires special skills such as concentration and attention. It is at the same time dangerous to learn using weapons. It is said that in order to become a Guru or master one has to pass seven levels. Those who learn Kalaripayattu can get rid of any physical problems. A guideline to be followed while studying kalaripayattu is that after the completion of the course, the person should take oil massage and practice the studied feats at least once in a year for keeping them in correct shape.
The two main forms of Kalaripayattu are the Vadakkan form which is the Northern style and the Thekkan form which is the Southern style. There is difference in these both forms in the style and the movements. The three maim types of Vadakkan kalari are Arappukkai, Pillattaanni and Vatteel tirippu. They gained widespread publicity. The thekkan style of kalari was more important and it is believed that Sage Agastya was the guru of this style. Even then the usage of various weapons and the style of performance made Vadakkan style more famous.
The two types of Kalari are the Cherukalari and Ankakalari. Cherukalari is called as Kuzhikalari in which the term kuzhi means pit or small areas formed by caving the earth. In Kuzhikalari, the floor of the kalari is lowered by removing the soil. The surrounding area is higher when compared to this kalari. This type of kalari is built for physical as well as weapon training. Ankakalari is the kalari that is constructed temporarily for fighting purposes. This is set up in areas where the audience can also come and watch the fight. A raised platform called Ankathattu is constructed for the person to perform kalaripayattu.
The main steps involved while training Kalaripayattu are
The main aim of this step is to attain flexibility and agility to the body. In this process the learner learns how to jump, twists and the various other body movements.
In this step, the learner learns to fight using sticks.
After attaining excellent skills in stick fighting, the person learns to use metal weapons such as knives, shields and swords.
This is the last step in Kalaripayattu learning where the student is taught how to fights without any weapons. They have to fight with bare hands. This involves wrestling, attack and defense.
Along with fighting techniques the trainer also teaches subjects relating to Ayurveda and also various healing techniques using herbs. It is necessary because the student must be able to heal himself in case of any ailments before preparing for a competition. So they are taught how to heal any wounds.
Kalaripayattu has its root in the vedic culture. This art form is considered as the most comprehensive because it involves Physical training, self defensive techniques with and without the use of weapons, treatment using the ayurvedic principles and a philosophy based on India's vedic culture. All these features make it distinct from the rest of the martial art forms.
There are many training centres where Kalaripayattu is taught. Some of the important centres are at Ettumanoor, Kanjirappally, Pala, Thiruvananthapuram, etc. At present many are engaged in studying kalaripayattu mainly for demonstration purpose and also for fitness. In olden times, any disputes in Kerala during the rule of the kings were settled in battle or betting in martial arts competitions. The warriors of Kerala were skilled in Kalaripayattu and any conflicts can be settled by the match of Kalaripayattu.


text:
The effect of water on the mechanical properties of rocks, such as strength and Young's modulus, has been investigated in many studies. To understand the mechanism of the effect of water on the mechanical behavior of rocks, not only these mechanical properties but also the stress-strain curve, which is one of the most basic data showing the mechanical behavior, should be focused on, and the change of the stress-strain curve with the different water conditions is needed to be known. In this study, the effect of water saturation on the uniaxial compressive strength and the stress-strain curve of rocks was investigated. The uniaxial compression test with alternating loading rate was performed using Sanjome andesite, Tage tuff, Kimachi sandstone and Akiyoshi marble. Inada granite was used for the uniaxial compression test with constant loading rate. The tests were conducted under various water conditions: oven-dried, vacuum-dried, air-dried, air-dried for one day, immersed in water and watersaturated conditions. The test results showed that the stress-strain curve of the andesite, tuff, sandstone and granite changed with the water saturation. On the other hand, the effect of water saturation on the stress-strain curve of the marble was not observed. From the test results, the increase in strength due to decrease in water saturation was discussed. A shift of the peak strength point with the water condition change was investigated, and the relation between the stress-strain curves under the different water conditions was considered based on it.
Cerium-doped barium zirconate (Ce-doped BaZrO3) fine particles with high crystallinity was prepared by a hydrothermal reaction using barium hydroxide, CeCl3, and a Zr-triethanolamine complex. Characterization of the Ce-doped BaZrO3 particles revealed that utilization of the water-stable Zr-triethanolamine complex was an efficient way to introduce cerium ions into the BaZrO3 perovskite crystal structure. The three-way catalytic activity of the Ce-doped BaZrO3 for an exhaust gas conversion reaction was investigated under a stoichiometric condition (CO 0.5%, C3H6 400 ppm, NO 500 ppm, O2 0.49%, H2 0.17%, CO2 14%, H2O 10% in N2). The Ce-doped BaZrO3 exhibited a remarkable low temperature NOx cleaning performance when the Ce-doped BaZrO3 was applied as an alternative for an Al2O3 support.
Although blasting is a quite efficient and economical excavation method, it is rarely applied to tunnel projects close to residential areas due to its environmental impacts, especially with regard to vibration and noise. Two key controls used to mitigate the occurrence of noise and vibration due to blasting are the use of small instantaneous explosives charges and the use of precise delay times to initiate the blast design sequence. An advanced electronic detonator, which has its precision of 0.01% of designed delay time and has made it possible to achieve precise initiation control in blasting, was introduced and used in a tunnel construction site in Japan. Testing of the delay times during blasting was carried out, the test results revealed the specific features and performance of the detonator to control the blasting vibration especially within a short distance of the tunnel face. In previous studies, several ways of simulating blasting waveforms were used. One of these, the Monte Carlo method, in which the production wave was reproduced by superposing a single wave had the potential to give good predictions of the production waves that might occur. Therefore, in this study, a similar way of simulating production waves was carried out. Section peaks in the production waveforms correspond with the detonation of each blasthole. These section peaks were found to follow the Weibull distribution, even though the section peaks might be influenced by amount of explosives, drill alignment, and geological inhomogeneity etc. More detailed simulation with consideration of difference in travel time and the change of the Weibull parameters with distance gives further precise results compared with the real production waves. This study leads more precise method of predicting production waves and of optimum blasting design.
Industrial waste generated in the domestic paper industry in Japan was 5.1 million tons in 2015, and after reduction and recycling, 152 thousand tons of the waste was consequently disposed. Organic sludge (paper sludge), which occupies two-thirds of the industrial waste generated in the paper industry, is incinerated for the purpose of volume reduction and thermal recycling, and then it becomes paper sludge ash (PS ash). PS ash is recycled as aggregate, roadbed material in the civil engineering field and cement raw material, but it is necessary to further expand the application and reduce the final disposal amount. From the above background, in this research, the strength characteristics, the durability performance and the environmental impact of low carbon concrete produced by reducing cement usage to 45% by using PS ash as admixture in addition to fly ash and blast furnace slag fine powder, were investigated. Experimental results show that the low carbon concrete produced in this research has long term strength development, and that PS ash does not contribute to long term strength. Moreover, the clay mineral contained in the PS ash has an effect of reducing drying shrinkage by water retention and expansion. With respect to durability performance, neutralization is promoted by decreasing the total cement amount, while salt tolerance resistance is improved. Frost damage resistance tends to decrease. The elution amount of toxic substances is less than the soil environmental standard value.
2004 年5 月にホンタイ炭鉱で自然発火が発生して以降，ベトナムの四カ所の無煙炭炭鉱と一カ所の亜瀝青炭炭鉱で自然発火が続発している。これらに対処するため，筆者等は断熱環境下で石炭の酸化発熱試験ができる装置を使用して，各炭鉱の石炭試料について酸化発熱特性の試験を行っている。これらのデータについて実際に自然発火を発生している炭鉱の試料に注目してみると，150 ℃以下の低温領域の酸化反応速度が他の自然発火を発生していない炭鉱の石炭試料に比較して大きいことを見出した。即ち，低温域における石炭の酸化反応速度が自然発火の発生と深い関係があるという結論を得た。既存の自然発火性評価方法との比較も試みた。


Transferring Butterflies for Mass Release
Transfer Instructions For Your Butterflies
Why Were Your Butterflies Sent in Individual Envelopes?
Your butterflies have been shipped to you in individual envelopes to preserve their wing condition and to encourage them to enter a state of dormancy during shipping.
When should we transfer the butterflies?
 1. If transferring the butterflies into a cardboard release box, you should transfer them about 2 – 4 hours before the planned release time. Once they are in the box, however, store in a cool, dark place (such as a closet) until you are ready to transport them to your event. Just prior to releasing, however, you do want them to be in warm temperatures since they need to be warm to fly.
 2. If you are transferring them into a net hanging cage, or a table top cage or sheer box, we recommend you do this an hour or two before the event begins, to prevent wing damage. If the box is solid or covered, you may transfer them earlier. Keeping the cage or sheer box in a cool, low light condition will help keep the; butterflies calm. When placing them outdoors, it is best not to have them in strong direct sunlight as they will be too active. Dappled sunshine is the best or even shade. However, try to release them in a sunny area so that they are encouraged to fly. In a display cage, flowers, ferns, and stems with leaves will help provide some shade for them if they are outdoors. The time of day will make a difference also. Later in the day, temperatures are cooler so the sunshine will not stimulate them as much.
What are the transfer steps?
 1. Prepare the display cage, organza box or other container. With a cardboard release box, you will need to line the box's sides with paper toweling or tulle. This will give the butterflies a place to perch themselves. If it is easier, you can line the bottom also, but this is not necessary. If you have time, you might want to consider placing a piece of tissue paper crinkled up to form peaks, into the solid box or container and let one or more corners of the tissue paper come up the side of the box. Only a small amount of tissue is needed. Then when you lift the lid off the box to release your butterflies, you can gently tug on the tissue paper to gently stimulate them all to fly out. This is not necessary but is an idea if you have the time. With the sheer box, this is not necessary as they will have light.
 2. Ensure your hands are clean and dry. Should you need to handle a butterfly, the oils from your skin will not affect the conditions of the wings.
 3. Remove the butterflies from the refrigerator and take them with the box or the cage into a small room with low ceilings (a bathroom is perfect) and shut the door while you are making the transfer.
 4. Working steadily, pick up each envelope and hold it just inside the box or the cage, open/unfold the envelope and let the butterfly slide out onto the bottom of the box or cage. As they warm up, the butterflies will start fluttering their wings and flopping about. This is normal. Keep up your work until all the butterflies are transferred, then quickly closet he lid of the box or netting. You should be able to transfer all the butterflies into your box or cage with no escapees. However, should a butterfly escape during the transfer process, you will need to recapture it. No problem. Despite what you've always been told, handling a butterfly gently will not harm it. Butterflies are attracted to light, so the escapee will fly toward a window or other source of light in the room. Simply pick it up with the wings closed, close to the body. Alternately, you can cup your hands around the escapee and transfer it to the box/cage.
Using a display cage: Once inside the display cage, the butterflies will need to be fed and watered. Please see below for those instructions. Place the butterflies in a warm, sunny area to energize. Never place them in the direct sunlight.
Transfer Instructions


How do you say "she weighs 60 kilograms" in Portuguese?
Here's the answer:
"pesa sessenta quilos"
Watch a real native speaker say it:
Here's how it sounds in a textbook:
You could also say:
 - ela pesa sessenta quilos
Fun fact: the hundreds of thousands of people learning Portuguese with Memrise get this phrase correct 98.54% of the time!
Time to set your textbook on fire, learn "pesa sessenta quilos" and other useful phrases that Portuguese speakers really use!
burning textbook


Egyptian fraction solution in php
Php program for Egyptian fraction solution. Here more information.
<?php
/*
 Php program for
 Egyptian fraction solution
*/
class Fraction
{
 public function egyptianFraction($a, $b)
 {
 if ($a == 0 || $b == 0)
 {
 return;
 }
 if ($b >= $a)
 {
 // Calculate remainder
 $remainder = $b % $a;
 // Calculate divisor
 $divisor = (int)($b / $a);
 if ($remainder != 0)
 {
 $divisor++;
 echo "1/",($divisor)," + ";
 $a = $a * $divisor - $b;
 $b = $b * $divisor;
 $this->egyptianFraction($a, $b);
 }
 else
 {
 // When remainder is zero
 echo "1/".strval($divisor);
 }
 }
 else
 {
 // When b < a
 echo ((int)($a / $b))," + ";
 $this->egyptianFraction($a % $b, $b);
 }
 }
 public static
 function main($args)
 {
 $task = new Fraction();
 // Two numbers
 $a = 7;
 $b = 53;
 $task->egyptianFraction($a, $b);
 }
}
Fraction::main(array());
Output
1/8 + 1/142 + 1/30104
Please share your knowledge to improve code and content standard. Also submit your doubts, and test case. We improve by your feedback. We will try to resolve your query as soon as possible.
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