Declare click-through URLs in ads
DoubleClick Ad Exchange policies require buyers to declare click-through URLs for creatives booked through both the user interface and real-time bidding (RTB).
Delivering creatives via the user interface
Use third-party served creatives only
Ad Exchange no longer supports the hosting of static images uploaded via the interface. Use third-party served ads for all creatives.
Third-party ads
When creating third-party ads in the user interface, declare one or more click-through URLs (destination URLs) in the Ad technologies box. (Up to 50 URLs may be declared.) Ad Exchange treats all ads within a given ad group as a single virtual ad. Because buyers can rotate multiple creatives within a given ad call, Ad Exchange requires the declaration of all associated click-through URLs. As long as the click-through URL of each creative rotated through the ad calls is declared in at least one ad (regardless of the associated ad size), the creative is in compliance with the declaration policy.
Why do I see an InRed URL checkbox under my HTML snippet?
When our system sees that your third-party redirect points to the DoubleClick Campaign Manager (DCM) ad server, we show this message. An "InRed," or internal redirect, allows Google to serve your ad directly from DCM's ad server, avoiding a call back to the browser. This reduces ad serving latency and reporting discrepancies.
Note that you should clear the checkbox if the HTML snippet is an impression beacon.
When publishers block an advertiser landing page, ad category, or sensitive category, the information at the ad-level is used and so impacts the entire ad group. Therefore, the fewer ads rotated in a given redirect ad call, the higher the probability of delivery.
Delivering creatives via real-time bidder (RTB)
When using RTB, create pre-targeting ads in the user interface in addition to providing the creative in the RTB response. When creating the pre-targeting ads, you're not required to declare the click-through URL of each creative, but accurate click-through URLs must be declared in the bid responses.
Each HTML snippet in an RTB bid response must render to a single, unique creative, and the click-through URL must be declared. This click-through URL is checked against the associated creative. The HTML snippet should render for at least four days after the impression to prevent disapproval of similar creatives.
Dynamic creatives and click-through URL declarations
Dynamic creatives typically combine multiple image and text elements in real-time to create the most compelling offer for a given user based on targeting and user parameters. When created, these creatives might have correspondingly dynamic click-through URLs in order to track the relative effectiveness of each permutation, or they might have multiple click-through URLs that lead to different landing pages depending on the user interaction.
With Ad Exchange, we require every creative to have a declared click-through URL in order to enable certain features (e.g., advertiser and advertiser category blocking) and to ensure the quality of the landing page (i.e., scan for inappropriate content). With dynamic creatives, it's not always possible to declare all of the click-through URLs. To address this, Ad Exchange requires that buyers limit dynamic creatives to a single root advertiser and declare the root advertiser as the landing page.
Example 1: An advertiser, "" has a dynamic creative that will offer different books based on the time of day. Each time a different book is offered, the corresponding landing page is changed. Book 1's offer goes to "," Book 2 goes to "" In this scenario, the creative is allowed to run on Ad Exchange. The declared URL should be ""
Example 2: A marketer has two different online businesses, a dating site and a news site, that are run independently with the domains of "" and "" The marketer would like to create a dynamic creative that oscillates between these two offers based on time of day. In this scenario, a dynamic creative is not allowed. Instead, the marketer should deploy two different creatives and target them via the user interface as two different ads, or use real-time bidding and reply with the specific creative that should serve.
Example 3: An advertiser runs an ad with multiple social network buttons for sharing some content: Facebook, Pinterest, and Twitter. Each of these buttons, with their appropriate URLs, counts as a click-through URL and must be declared. Note that no resources can be loaded from these domains directly, they are merely links which the user must choose to follow.
Destination URLs must be between 12 and 2048 characters and cannot use a numeric IP address.
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Benoit Boure
Benoit Boure
Understanding the DynamoDB Sort Key Order
Learn what the UTF-8 order is and how to use it to your advantage
Understanding the DynamoDB Sort Key Order
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If you have been working with DynamoDB, you are probably quite familiar with the notion of Partition Keys and Sort Keys (aka PK and SK). You also know that Sort Keys are... well, sorted in ascending order by default. If your SK is of type Number the items will be sorted in numeric order (1, 3, 10, 50, 400), while if it's of type String they are sorted in "order of UTF-8 bytes". But what does that even mean and how does it affect the order of the items? Let's find out.
What is is
As per Wikipedia,
UTF-8 is a variable-width character encoding used for electronic communication [...] UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid character code points in Unicode using one to four one-byte (8-bit) code units.
What it means is that each and every character is assigned a specific byte, or code point, which have a numerical value.
It's that numerical value that DynamoDB uses to determine the order of your Sort Key.
If you want to know what character comes after which, a good start is to remember the order of the most common characters:
 1. numbers
 2. uppercase letters
 3. lowercase letters
Notice that letters are "grouped" by case (first the capital letters, and after that lowercase), which means that Zoey will come before alligator. This is really important to know if you want to avoid surprises later.
For a complete list of UTF-8 characters, including special ones, sorted by their bytes order, refer to this page.
How to use it to your advantage
Once you know how strings are being sorted, you can use that knowledge to your advantage. A very common practice with DynamoDB and single table design is to pre-join data by placing them into the same partition.
Depending on your access pattern, you might either want your parent item to be at the beginning, or at the end of the partition.
For example, if you have Orders (SK prefixed with ORDER#) and Order Items (SK prefixed with ITEM#), you will perhaps want the ORDER# item at the beginning of the partition, and the ITEM# items sorted by number, in ascending order after it. However, O comes after I, which means that ORDER# will be placed at the end of the partition.
You could scan the index backwards, sure, but then your items would be sorted in reversed order, breaking the access pattern.
How to fix that?
Use the UTF-8 sorting mechanism to your advantage! You need ORDER# to start with a character that comes before I to make sure it comes before ITEMS#. For that, you can use any character that comes before I. Any letter from A to H would work, but it might not be user friendly (for debugging and inspecting the data later) and could change the meaning of your prefix. Instead, it is usually most common to use special characters that come before A: for example #, $ or %. Let's use $ and rename ORDER# to $ORDER#.
Now the Order item is at the top of the partition and all items are sorted as expected. 🎉
Note that you can use the same trick in order to sort items in reversed order if necessary.
In the above example, you might want to scan the index in reverse order and get the latest vouchers at the top, in descending order. You can force the USER# item to be at the end of the partition by prefixing it with a character that is higher in the UTF-8 ranking. | or ~ are good examples.
Now, ~USER# is at the end of the partition and you can scan the index backwards.
In this article, you learned what is the UTF-8 bytes order, and how you can use it to your advantage in order to force the order of items in your DynamoDB partitions.
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Photo credits: Markus Spiske on unsplash
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text:
Abstract: Light is a primary energy source. Its use efficiency reflects the capacity of ecosystem in converting light energy and producing organic matter. Revealing the values of light and its use efficiency in typical ecosystems provides reference for assessing regional light resources and their use efficiency, which is also helpful in assessing the regional capacity of organic matter production and carbon sequestration. Based on ChinaFLUX observations and published literature, we built the radiation and light-use efficiency dataset of typical ecosystems in China from 2002 to 2010. This dataset contains 126 site-year light resource, light-use efficiency, and absorbed light use efficiency observed from 51 ecosystems. In addition, the dataset also contains the biotic and abiotic information such as ecosystem code, observation year, longitude, latitude, altitude, ecosystem type, annual air temperature, annual precipitation, annual CO2 mass concentration, annual mean leaf area index, annual maximum leaf area index. The dataset could provide data base for research on carbon cycle and climate change.
Keywords: carbon cycle; photosynthetic active radiation; eddy covariance; terrestrial ecosystem

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Economic analysis of biogas adoption technology is investigated in rural areas.
Different sizes of biogas plants are analyzed using multiple models/methods.
Small farmers with 4m3 plant size are in greater benefit than large farmers.
Biogas adoption is economically, socially and environmentally feasible in rural areas.
This study attempts to estimate the economics of biogas plants in Faisalabad District and identify the factors affecting the adoption of biogas technology. The key stakeholders of the biogas plant are farmers. Primary data from 160 respondents having biogas plants of 4 m3, 6m3, 8 m3, 10 m3, 15 m3, 20 m3 and 25 m3 from villages in Faisalabad was collected through stratified random sampling, using questionnaires. A benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is employed to estimate the financial benefits. A Logit model is used to analyze the factors affecting adoption of biogas plants. Results showed that BCR values are greater than 1 for biogas plants of all sizes. The most feasible size for a plant is 10 m3 because it fulfills the cooking needs of an average family. However, small farmers with plant size of 4 m3 benefit more than large farmers. Moreover, biogas adoption is not only financially feasible but environment-friendly as well. We conclude that biogas technology can be popularized by developing effective motivation strategies such as awareness through public service advertizing, through print and electronic media and by adoption of models of biogas plants best suited to the conditions of rural people in Pakistan. This further highlights the demand for the required policy framework to promote such renewable energy adoption technologies by local government and agricultural institutions, researchers, and policy makers.
- Adoption technology;
- Benefit-cost analysis;
- Economic analysis;
- Rural farmers;
- Sensitivity analysis
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


text:
[This documentation is for preview only, and is subject to change in later releases. Blank topics are included as placeholders.]
Gets or sets the text trimming behavior to employ when content overflows the content area.
Assembly: PresentationFramework (in PresentationFramework.dll)
XMLNS for XAML: _URL_ _URL_
This example demonstrates the usage and effects of the values available in the TextTrimming enumeration.
The following example defines a TextBlock element with the attribute set.
 One two two Three Three Three four four four four Five Five Five Five Five six six six six six six Seven Seven Seven Seven Seven Seven Seven
Setting the corresponding TextTrimming property in code is demonstrated below.
There are currently three options for trimming text: CharacterEllipsis, WordEllipsis, and None.
When is set to CharacterEllipsis, text is trimmed and continued with an ellipsis at the character closest to the trimming edge. This setting tends to trim text to fit more closely to the trimming boundary, but may result in words being partially trimmed. The following figure shows the effect of this setting on a TextBlock similar to the one defined above.
When is set to WordEllipsis, text is trimmed and continued with an ellipsis at the end of the first full word closest to the trimming edge. This setting will not show partially trimmed words, but tends not to trim text as closely to the trimming edge as the CharacterEllipsis setting. The following figure shows the effect of this setting on the TextBlock defined above.
When is set to None, no text trimming is performed. In this case, text is simply cropped to the boundary of the parent text container. The following figure shows the effect of this setting on a TextBlock similar to the one defined above.
Windows 8 Consumer Preview, Windows Server 8 Beta, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 SP2, Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core Role supported with SP1 or later; Itanium not supported)
The.NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see.NET Framework System Requirements.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


A Beginner's Guide to Baking Butter Cakes | Amy Kimmel | Skillshare
A Beginner's Guide to Baking Butter Cakes
Amy Kimmel, Baking and Pastry Arts Instructor
A Beginner's Guide to Baking Butter Cakes
Amy Kimmel, Baking and Pastry Arts Instructor
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7 Lessons (33m)
 - 1. Welcome!
 - 2. What is Butter Cake
 - 3. Butter Cake Important Considerations
 - 4. Butter Cake Mise En Place
 - 5. Creaming Method
 - 6. Reverse Creaming Method
 - 7. Thank You!
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About This Class
Level: Beginner
Prerequisites: An electric mixer, counter top or hand, will be useful for this class.
Are you interested in making elaborate, sculpted cakes? Do you want some delicious recipes to add to your recipe box? Will you be making cakes to sell in the future?
If you answered Yes to any or all of the above questions, then this class is for you. Butter cakes are delicious, versatile in their flavor capabilities, and sturdy enough for sculpted cakes. They possess every characteristic necessary to be the perfect all-purpose cake.
There are two methods to butter cakes:
 1. Creaming Method
 2. Reverse Creaming Method
You will learn both in this class and will be able to decide which you prefer. Both have their purpose from home kitchens to commercial kitchens, but it's a bonus if you understand both.
Butter cakes are timeless and a must-have for every good baker's recipe stash.
Want to learn more about cake baking and decorating?
Cake Courses
Meet Your Teacher
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Amy Kimmel
Baking and Pastry Arts Instructor
Food is the thing that connects us all. From the people who painstakingly grow our food to the hard workers that prepare the food to the billions of people that consume it. Whether we realize it or not, aside from all of our differences, it's what makes us all the same in some way. We need it for survival, use it for an income, and love it for all of it's nourishment and joy, Making food for other people has always been, and will always be, a great passion and source of fulfillment for me. I love what it represents in its entirety and I also love the simple fact that I can make someone smile just by handing them a slice of cake.
I'm a professional kitchen veteran turned enthusiastic teacher. After 15 years of hard work in restaurants and bakeri... See full profile
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1. Welcome!: Hi, I'm Amy Kimmel. In this class, we're gonna take a look at butter cakes. You'll learn how to make an almond butter cake with the cleaning method and vanilla butter cake. With the reverse screening method, we'll talk about things to watch out for when making butter cakes, how to prepare ingredients and the proper pan preparation technique for these types of cakes. And then we'll jump into the actual methods and you'll get to see step by step, how to whip up the perfect batters and ultimately, a moist, delicious butter cake. In the end, I can't wait to get started. I'll see you in the first lesson. 2. What is Butter Cake: this'll point. You know a lot about what you need to get started baking cakes. So now we're going to get into talking about the different types of case themselves. In this lesson. Gonna briefly explain what is a butter cake briefly? Because it's very simple. Ah, cake, where butter is one of the main ingredients. It's the main source of fat, and they're the most popular because they have a great flavor and they also stay moist. They have a moderate shelf life. They have a lot of versatility. You can use them in multi tiered wedding cakes. They'll hold up their shape. You can also use them for sculpting There. Even gray just is one layer with almost any flavor of frosting, and you can put any flavor of filling in there as well. You could even flavor the cake itself with herbs or extracts, fruit powders, whatever you can come up with. So in this section we're going to talk about how to make the perfect butter cake a little bit of the history, and then I'll walk you through two different methods of butter cakes themselves, and we'll go through step by step off the recipes. I'll see you in the next lesson. We'll talk about the history 3. Butter Cake Important Considerations: I wanted to go over some important considerations to keep in mind. While you're baking butter cakes before we get into the actual cake baking lessons. The biggest thing you wanna watch out for is once you pull the cake out of the oven, does it look the way it's supposed to are properly mixed and baked? Butter cake should have a nice golden crust, and it shouldn't be too thick or too scent of across. And it definitely shouldn't be burnt if it's really domed and cracked on top or even sunken in the center, then something definitely went wrong, and I'll include a cheat sheet and troubleshooting sheet so that you have something to reference later if it doesn't turn out the way that it's supposed to. The recipes in this class have been tried many times, and if done properly and the rest peace followed correctly, they should turn out really well every single time and also as their cooling. You'll notice, too, if they were slightly domed, that's okay, because as they cool, they'll flatten out, and they'll be really perfect and easy to stack later on. Also, keep in mind that once the cake is baked. It should be firm, but it should never be tough, and it should definitely keep its moisture. Always make sure that you let the cake cool completely before you would frost it or store it. And if you're gonna store it for later, always wrap it in at least two layers of plastic wrap. Butter cake is best stored at room temperature for two days in the refrigerator for five days or in the freezer for up to two months. So if you want oh, bake some extra and save them for later than that's a great thing to do. And from my experience, I've frozen butter cakes for long periods of time, and I personally don't feel that they ever deteriorate in flavor. It's also best eaten at room temperature, obviously, because it has butter in it, and butter in the refrigerator is going to be firmer than if it was at room temperature. So I always recommend that before you're ready to serve it, pull it out of the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes before you eat it 4. Butter Cake Mise En Place: Now that you're ready to start baking, the first thing you want to do is check your recipe to see if anything needs to be room temperature for butter cakes. You wanna watch out for the butter, the eggs and the milk. Some recipes will ask for these to be at room temperature, so make sure those air ready to go. Typically, they should be at the right consistency or temperature. By the time you're ready to use them in the recipe, the next step is to prepare your pans. Here I have to eight inch round pans, which are pretty standard across the board for butter cakes. Almost every recipe that I've ever encountered 28 inch round pans will work just fine. The biggest thing to remember with butter cakes is they liked stick, so you really want to make sure that you prepare them properly because of the cake sticks. Then it could chair in half, even when you go to remove it from the pan. So how I always prepare my butter cake pans is I start out by coating the pans with a little bit of butter, and I just do it by taking a stick and running it right in there. And this is not the same butter that we're going to use in the recipe. This is an extra amount. So I typically just keep a stick of butter in the fridge that I use for this because I bake kicks enough that I could can have a. And then once you do that with both of your pans, I take some parchment paper and this is the way I do it because I don't like toe weights, and I feel like this is just an easier way to do it. I pull out how much I'm going to need no wider than my pan, and then I'm gonna take my scissors and cut off my personal paper, I think is a good way. And then I just got this piece in half. If you feel more comfortable cutting an actual round of apartment paper, go ahead. But I find this to be easy, and then I don't have any wasted parchment, and this is more than enough


Working with counters
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Sie können die neue Dokumentation hier finden, die im Laufe der Zeit die Artikel hier nach und nach ersetzt.
Dieser Artikel wird nicht mehr gepflegt und ist unter Umständen nicht mehr gültig - der neue Artikel hierzu ist jedoch noch nicht fertig!
1. The principle of counters
When you write checks that deal with performance data (CPU usage, network traffic, disk IO), in many cases you will be confronted with counters. As an example, look into the file /proc/stat on your Linux box. Lets grep for the line beginning with processes:
user@host:~$ grep processes /proc/stat
processes 205458
What does that mean? It's the number of processes created since the system has booted (not the number of processes currently running!).
Now let's do it again:
user@host:~$ grep processes /proc/stat
processes 206160
What do we learn from this? The number of process creations has raised from 205458 to 206160. That is 702 new process creations. If we now assume that we have waited exactly 10 seconds between the two calls, then processes have been created at a rate of 70.2 process creations per second.
So if we have a counter and want to compute a rate, we need to compare the value of the counter between two points of time and need to know how much time has been passed between the first and the second sample of the counter.
From that follows that a Nagios check using data from counters must have a memory of the previous value of the counter together with the exact point of time when that value was seen.
2. Counters in Checkmk
The good news is: Checkmk supports check programmers with the handling of counters. It can keep memory or counter values and compute rates for you. Counter values are stored in /var/lib/check_mk/counters (OMD: tmp/check_mk/counters). The key to this is the helper function get_counter, which is called like this:
 timedif, rate_per_sec = get_counter("some.unique.name", this_time, counter_value)
It is important to call this function with a unique name for each separate counter. This is usually done by using the check type and the item as a prefix (unless your check is always using None as item). Here is an example of how the check winperf.diskstat uses get_couter: It uses a separate counter for read IO and write IO:
 read_timedif, read_per_sec = get_counter("diskstat.read", this_time, read_bytes_ctr)
 write_timedif, write_per_sec = get_counter("diskstat.write", this_time, write_bytes_ctr)
The check if is a bit more complex, since it deals with many switch ports and for each port with several counters. It uses the counter name (name) and the port number/description (item) to make the counter unique:
 timedif, rate = get_counter("if.%s.%s" % (name, item), this_time, saveint(counter))
The get_counter function returns two values:
 1. The time difference since the previous update of that counter (in seconds)
 2. The averaged rate during that interval (per second)
Both values are of type float. In most cases the first value - the time difference - is not interesting. But the rate is exactly what checks usually need.
3. Counter wraps and resets
There are two situations where you have to be careful when working with counters: wraps and resets. A wrap occurs when a counter with a limited precision overflows. The most prominent example are the 32 Bit counters in the SNMP IF-MIB that are used for the network traffic - for example ifOutOctets. After 4GB of traffic over a port the counter wraps over back to 0. Such a case must be detected and handled. Otherwise you would get negative values for your rate.
Another situation is a reboot of the target device. In that case all counters start again from 0. This must also be handled correctly in order to avoid anomalies.
get_counter makes a simple but effective wrap detection. If the new counter value is lower than the old one, a wrap/reset is being assumed. Now something important happens: get_counter does not return any value, but raises a Python exception of the MKCounterWrapped. This exception immediately aborts the execution of the check. No check result will be sent to Nagios this turn!
You might think of this as a bug. But it's the only way to do it right! If a counter anomaly occurs then it is not possible to compute the rate in a reliable way. Even if we would know the maximum value of the counter, we still would have no way to distinguish between a wrap and a reset. And returning a rate of 0 would also be wrong and might trigger false alarms, create invalid RRD graphs and would send the user a check result that does not reflect the reality.
Also if get_counter is called for the very first time for a specific counter, as MKCounterWrapped will be raised. No rate can be computed without a previous value. This is the reason why some checks need a bit longer to leave the pending state when a new host is added to the monitoring.
3.1. Checks based on multiple counters
If your check uses more then one are two counters then the time until the first time the check produces results might be no acceptable. The problem is that the MKCounterWrapped exception will immediately abort the check execution as soon as the first counter is initialized. The second time the check is called the second counter will be initialized and so on.
If you want all counters to be initalized at the first check then you need to:
 - catch the MKCounterWrapped exception
 - let all calls to get_counter happen
 - a) either raise a MKCounterWrapped exception afterwards...
 - b) or ignore the value of all counters
The following pseudo-code illustrates how to do this correctly (variant a):
somecheck
 wrapped = False
 for ...: # loop over counters
 try:
 timedif, rate = get_counter(.....)
 # process resulting rate...
 except MKCounterWrapped:
 wrapped = True
 # continue, other counters might wrap as well
 # after all counters are handled
 if wrapped:
 raise MKCounterWrapped("Counter wrap")
Variant b) is only possible if the counters just supply additional performance data but do not influence the check result.
In any case make sure, that your check does always output the same number of performance variables. If some would be missing due to counter wraps, then output none at all. Graphing tools such as PNP4Nagios may break if the number of performance variables vary.
Werk #1723
New check API function get_rate() as more intelligent replacement for get_counter()
Werk #1725
The get_average() function from now on only returns one argument: the average


text:
ClientDelft University of Technology
ArchitectJeanne Dekkers Architecture
Project size4.500 m2 HFA
Start of project2006
Consulting servicesStructural design, detail drawings and calculations
The head of the Faculty of Civil Engineering building was originally designed for halls facilitating manual drawing, and housed the Soil Mechanics department. As a result of cooperation and integration, this building part has been restructured and rearranged into the new housing of the Geotechnology Department of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences. The original 1970 structure consists of a concrete skeleton frame with flat level walls resting on columns. The depth of the building is divided in three sections. The storey height is 6,3 metres in the sections behind the facades, with an entresol in the middle section. The staggered columns on the first level floor make for a special building feature.
For its new function, the sections behind the façade have been provided with open spaces of up to 12 metres in height. These cause daylight to reach deep inside the building and allow for very tall experimental set-ups. These open spaces have been positioned in such a way, that only simple adjustments to the original structure were necessary. Vertical transportation is organised in a newly built staircase on the building's front side. The façade is completely made out of glass and provided with a print. Because of this, the building that used to have a very closed appearance due to the concrete façade elements has undergone a complete transformation, becoming the eye catcher of the university complex.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


cell phone

Definition
Small wireless device that has at least the same functions of a standard wired telephone but is smaller and more mobile. A cell phone requires a subscription to a service provider and requires either a prepaid or monthly billing setup. Generally, they have more functions than traditional land lines and need to be charged after a period of time. Also called mobile phone or mobile device.
Use cell phone in a sentence
 - Now a days peoples whole lives are in their cell phone with all of their contacts so you must be sure to never lose yours.
 20 people found this helpful
 - Accordingly the received opinion has been that impact of cell phone radiations can be assessed in the same way as ionizing radiation.
 18 people found this helpful
 - The cell phone plan was too much money to be paying per month when there so many options out there for our business.
 17 people found this helpful
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beforew
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beforew [2007/03/02 02:32]
beforew [2007/03/02 02:32] (current)
Line 1: Line 1:
 +# $EPIC: beforew.txt,v 1.4 2007/03/02 02:32:04 jnelson Exp $
 +======Synopsis:======
 +$__beforew__(<word> <pattern list>)
 +
 +======Technical:======
 + * If the <word> argument is omitted this function returns the empty string.
 + * The <pattern list> does not actually need to be a list of wildcard patterns. A list of literal words will work just fine.
 + * If <word> is not matched by any of the words in <pattern list>, this function returns the empty string.
 + * Otherwise, the function behaves "as if" the following had been performed: <val> = rmatch(<word> <word/pattern list>) <function_return> = leftw(<val> <word/pattern list>)
 + * Remember that <pattern list> is a list of [[what is a word|words]].
 +
 +======Practical:======
 +This function lets you get the part of <pattern list> that occurs BEFORE
 +the pattern that is the "best match" for <word>. You can of course use
 +this function with a list of literal words.
 +
 +======Returns:======
 +The portion of <pattern list> before the pattern that is the "best match"
 +of <word>. A word is always "best matched" by itself; see the help file
 +on pattern matching for more detail.
 +
 +======Examples:======
 +<file>
 +$beforew(foobar one two foobar my shoe) returns "one two"
 +$beforew(booya one two foobar my shoe) returns "" (empty string)
 +$beforew(foobar o* t* f* m* s*) returns "o* t*"
 +$beforew(booya o* t* f* m* s*) returns "" (empty string)
 +$beforew(foobar f* fo* foobar foo* foob*) returns "f* fo*"
 +</file>
 +
 +======History:======
 +This function first appeared in "plus 2" (post-ircII, pre-EPIC)

beforew.txt · Last modified: 2007/03/02 02:32 (external edit)


same, regardless if it compressed or stretched;
provided the displacement is the same.
5.45.
THINK: The spring has a constant of 238.5 N/m and ∆x =
0.231 m . The steel ball has a mass of 0.0413 kg.
The speed of the ball as it releases from the spring must be determined.
SKETCH:
1 2 1 2
kxi − kx f , W =
∆K =
Kf − Ki
2
2
1
SIMPLIFY: x f = 0, K i = 0 and K f = mv f 2 . It follows that:
2
RESEARCH:
=
W
W=
kx 2
1 2
1
1
k
kxi − 0 = K f − 0 ⇒ kxi 2 =
mv f 2 ⇒ v f = i ⇒ v f =
xi
2
2
2
m
m
CALCULATE: xi = −∆x = −0.231 m , v f = 0.231 m
236
238.5 N/m
= 17.554 m/s
0.0413 kg
Chapter 5: Kinetic Energy, Work, and Power
ROUND: v f = 17.6 m/s (three significant figures)
DOUBLE-CHECK: Energy stored in the spring is transferred to kinetic energy of the ball,
(1/ 2 ) kx 2 = (1/ 2 ) mv 2 .
5.46.
THINK: Determine the power needed to move a sled and load with a combined mass of 202.3 kg at a
speed of 1.785 m/s if the coefficient of friction between the sled and snow is 0.195.
SKETCH:
RESEARCH:
∑F
x
Use
Newton's
second
= 0 ⇒ F − Ff = 0 ⇒ F = Ff = µ N . Also,
SIMPLIFY: F = µmg and P = µmgv.
Ff = µ N
law,
∑F
y
 
P = F v .
and
Since
ax = 0,
=ma y =0 ⇒ N − mg =0 ⇒ N =mg .
CALCULATE: P (0.195)(202.3
=
=
kg)(9.81 m/s 2 ) (1.785 m/s ) 690.78 W
ROUND: P = 691 W
DOUBLE-CHECK: 1 horse power (hp) = 746 W. Our result is about 1 hp, which is reasonable since the
sled is drawn by a horse.
5.47.
THINK: Determine the constant speed of a sled drawn by a horse with a power of 1.060 hp. The
coefficient of friction is 0.115 and the mass of the sled with a load is 204.7 kg.
P = 1.060 hp ( 746 W/hp ) = 791 W .
SKETCH:
 
RESEARCH: Use Newton's second law, Ff = µ N and P = F v .
⇒ F = Ff = µ N and
F
∑=
y
∑F
x
= 0 , since ax = 0 . So F − Ff =
0
ma
=
0 ⇒ N − mg =
0 ⇒ N=
mg .
y
P
P
P
=
=
F µ N µmg
791 W
CALCULATE: v =
= 3.42524 m/s
(0.115)(204.7 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 )
ROUND: v = 3.43 m/s (three significant figures)
DOUBLE-CHECK: v = 3.43 m/s = 12.3 km/h, which is a reasonable speed.
SIMPLIFY: P = Fv ⇒ v =
5.48.
THINK: Determine the power supplied by a towline with a tension of 6.00 kN which tows a boat at a
constant speed of 12 m/s.
SKETCH: Not necessary.
RESEARCH: P = Fv
SIMPLIFY: Not required.
CALCULATE:
=
P
( 6.00 ⋅10 N )(12 m/s) =72.0 ⋅10
3
ROUND: Not necessary.
237
3
W=
72.0 kW
Bauer/Westfall: University Physics, 2E
 1 hp 
DOUBLE-CHECK:
=
P 72,000
=
W
 96 hp , which is a reasonable value.
 746 W 
5.49.
 0.447 m/s 
THINK: A car with a mass of 1214.5 kg is moving at 62.5 mph 
 = 27.94 m/s and comes to rest
 1 mph 
in 0.236 s. Determine the average power in watts.
SKETCH: Not required.
W
.
RESEARCH: Work, W = ∆K and the average power P =
∆t
1
1
1
− mvi 2
mvi 2
m(v f 2 − vi 2 )
∆K
W
2
2
2
SIMPLIFY: =
0, so P
= =
P
=
. vf = =
∆t
∆t
∆t
∆t
∆t
1
(1214.5 kg)(27.94 m/s)2
2
CALCULATE:
=
P
= 2.0087 ⋅ 106 W
0.236 s
ROUND: Three significant figures: =
P 2.01 ⋅ 106 W
DOUBLE-CHECK: Without the absolute values, the value would have been negative. The omitted
negative sign on the power would indicate that the power is released by the car. It is expected that to make
a car stop in a short time a large amount of power must be expended.
5.50.
THINK: Determine the retarding force acting on a car travelling at 15.0 m/s with an engine expending
 746W 
40.0 hp 
 = 29,840W .
 1 hp 
SKETCH: Not necessary.
RESEARCH: P = Fv
P
SIMPLIFY: F =
v
29840 W
CALCULATE:
=
F = 1989.33 N
15.0 m/s
ROUND: F = 1990 kN
DOUBLE-CHECK: Assume the mass of the car is 1000 kg and the coefficient of friction is about 0.1. The
force of friction is about:=
F µ=
N µmg
= 0.1(1000)(9.81)
= 981 N ≈ 1 kN . So, the result is reasonable.
5.51.
THINK: Determine the speed of a 942.4 kg car after 4.55 s, starting from rest with a power output of 140.5
hp. 140.5 hp ( 746 W/hp ) = 104,813 W .
SKETCH: Not necessary.
RESEARCH: Use the definition of average power, P =
W = ∆K .
W
, and the work-kinetic energy relation,
∆t
1 2 1 2
mv − mv
mv 2
2P ∆t
W ∆K K f − K i 2 f 2 i
SIMPLIFY: =
.
P = =
. vi = 0, so P = f ⇒ v f =
=
2∆t
m
∆t ∆t
∆t
∆t
CALCULATE: v f
=
2(104,813 W) ( 4.55 s )
= 31.81 m/s
942.4 kg
ROUND: v f = 31.8 m/s
DOUBLE-CHECK:
=
v f 31.8
=
m/s 114 km/h. This represents a large acceleration, but the car is very
light. This is consistent with a high performance sports car.
238
Chapter 5: Kinetic Energy, Work, and Power
5.52.
THINK: If you ride your bicycle on a horizontal surface and stop pedaling, you slow down to a stop. The
force that causes this is the combination of friction in the mechanical components of the bicycle, air
resistance, and rolling friction between the tires and the ground. In the first part of the problem statement
we learn that the bicycle rolls down the hill at a constant speed. This automatically implies that the net
force acting on it is zero. (Newton's First Law!) The force along the slope and downward is mg sin θ (see
sketch). For the net force to be zero this force has to be balanced by the force of friction and air resistance,
which acts opposite to the direction of motion, in this case up the slope. So we learn from this first
statement that the forces of friction and air resistance have exactly the same magnitude in this case as the
component of the gravitational force along the slope. But if you go up the same slope, then gravity and the
forces of air resistance and friction point in the same direction. Thus we can calculate the total work done
against all forces in this case (and only in this case!) by just calculating the work done against gravity, and
then simply multiplying by a factor of 2.
SKETCH: (for just pedaling against gravity)
RESEARCH: Again, let's just calculate the work done against gravity, and then in the end multiply by 2.
The component of the gravitational force along the slope is mg sinθ . F is the force exerted by the
bicyclist. Power = Fv . Using Newton's second law:
Fx ma
=
0 ⇒ F − mg sinθ =
0 ⇒ F=
mg sinθ
∑=
x
SIMPLIFY: Power
= 2=
Fv 2(mg sinθ )v
CALCULATE: P 2·75 kg ( 9.81=
=
m/s 2 ) sin(7.0°) ( 5.0 m/s ) 896.654 W
ROUND: P = 0.90 kW
 1 hp 
DOUBLE-CHECK:
=
P 900
=
W
 1.2 hp . As this shows, going up a 7 degree slope at 5 m/s
 746 W 
requires approximately 1.2 horsepower, which is what a good cyclist can expend for quite some time. (But
it's hard!)
5.53.
THINK: A blimp with a mass of 93.5 kg is pulled by a truck with a towrope at an angle 53.3o from the
horizontal. The height of the blimp is h = 19.


Automated Coin Toll System (ACTS)
AT&T developed and used a system for over 25 years that handled automated dial-direct long distance coin-based telephone calls. This system was known as ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System). This page describes the history of the system and its eventual disconnection.
History & Overview | How did ACTS Work?
Transition to OSPS | Why did AT&T discontinue ACTS?
ACTS lives on.. sort of
History and Overview of ACTS
Before automated operator systems, all pay phone based long distance calls had to be completed with the help of an operator. People dialed "0" and told the operator the desired number and she had to handle all charged manually (known as a manual ticket), as in the old days of long distance before automated billing systems.
The Bell System (AT&T Long Lines) invented the TSPS (Traffic Service Position System) automated operator system in 1969, based upon the #1ESS switch. With this system, 0+ (zero plus) operator assisted dialing was possible. This means that operator-assisted calls could be direct dialed and automatically billed.
However, this significantly helped operators with pay phone based long distance calls. Now pay phone customers could direct dial-their own long distance "1+" calls (as they could at home) as well as operator-assisted "0+" calls. TSPS was a significant step forward in operator bases services.
Even with TSPS, the operator still had to verbally inform the pay phone customer the amount the charges were, and in some cases, had to stay on the line to verify answer supervision (since some pay phones were not capable of coin return). Also, an operator had to be summoned every few minutes to collect extra money, and to collect money after a call had been completed.
AT&T needed a way to automate the process and to keep down the use of actual operators. Hence ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System) was invented.
ACTS debuted in Phoenix, AZ in 1977 as part of an already existing TSPS. Other TSPS systems were modified by the early 1980s for ACTS.
How did ACTS work?
ACTS was a combination of three separate systems that worked in unison. The first was the TSPS system. The second was the ACTS system (with voice prompt announcements) working in conjunction with TSPS, and the third part were the pay phones themselves.
Pay Phones
Pay phones send multi-frequency tones in response to money deposited in the coin slot. These signals are as follows:
Nickel Signal: 1700hz + 2200hz at 60 ms long
Dime Signal: 1700hz + 2200hz at 60 ms on, 60 ms off, twice repeating
Quarter Signal: 1700hz + 2200hz at 33 ms on, 33 ms off, 5 times repeating
TSPS switches handled answer supervision and billing. Also handles coin collection and coin return. TSPS control signals from the TSPS to the central office that physically controls the pay phone are as follows:
TSPS Coin Collect 700Hz + 1100 Hz at 1 second
TSPS Coin Return 1100 Hz + 1700 Hz at 1 second
TSPS Ringback 700Hz + 1700Hz at 2 seconds
(Note: All of these are proceeded with a 2600Hz "wink" of 33 ms on/33ms off/33 ms on)
ACTS sub-system (part of TSPS)
The ACTS sub-system of TSPS handled the automated voice announcements ("Please deposit 50 cents for the next 3 minutes") and worked with TSPS for coin deposit (start of call) coin collection/coin return (at end of call).
Transition to OSPS
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, AT&T phased out the original TSPS system with a more modern OSPS system (Operator Services Position System) which is based upon the AT&T/Lucent #5ESS switch. ACTS had a seamless transition and for many, the system was identically the same as it had been in the TSPS system.
When and why did AT&T discontinue ACTS?
By the early 1990s, many companies, including AT&T were issuing pre-paid calling cards. The use of pre-paid calling cards significantly reduced the cost of long distance calls from pay phones. (Long distance calls via ACTS, even if customer dialed, were still billed at very expensive Operator Assisted rates).
COCOTs (Customer Owned Coin Telephones) came into being shortly after post-divestiture of AT&T in 1984. The number of telephone company controlled pay phones were decreasing at an enormous rate. Most COCOTs handled their own long distance call billing. And by the 1990s, a number of telephone company pay phones were converted to COCOT like technology. They too handled their own billing.
What was the final nail in the coffin was the wide availability of inexpensive cellular phones. By the late 1990s and early 2000s, more than half of the US population had a cell phone. Many of these cell phone plans have a large number of minutes and free nationwide long distance. So for many people, the pay phone became obsolete.
AT&T wanted out of the long distance pay phone business for a number of years. They were forced to stay in the business by FCC mandate as part of the AT&T breakup in 1984. But by the early 2000s, they were charging extremely high rates - as much as $6 (and more) for a 3 minute out-of-state phone call! As a result, many people didn't use pay phone based long distance services for a number of years.
In addition, AT&T had to have special operator trunks to handle pay phones. These special trunks (known as Feature Group C) were able to "hold your line" so that the operator had complete control of the phone line and would not release it until they wanted to. ACTS also had this capability. Feature Group C trunks were more expensive than Feature Group D trunks, which do not have line holding capabilities.
Armed with this information, AT&T petitioned the FCC that they drop the requirement that AT&T had to provide coin telephone long distance. The FCC granted dropping of the requirement.
Starting in the early summer of 2002, AT&T started changing from Feature Group C to Feature Group D operator trunks. Telephone companies, one by one, started to block Inter-LATA (outside of your home LATA) pay phone long distance calls to OSPS. At the same time, OSPS was blocking long distance calls coming to it. In both cases, the caller received rejection recordings. Very rarely callers were able to know why, as most were given "generic" messages that the call could not be completed as dialed. Qwest was one of the first companies to start the disconnection, and Verizon was one of the last ones to drop Inter-LATA pay phone long distance. By October 2002, AT&T's ACTS was history.
ACTS lives on... sort of
ACTS technology is not completely dead, yet. Many RBOCs (Regional Bell Operating Companies) such as Qwest, SBC and Verizon still have Intra-LATA (inside your own LATA) pay phone long distance services.
Some RBOCs (including Verizon and Qwest) use Nortel's TOPS (Toll Operator Position Station) for their operator services platform - based upon their DMS-200 tandem switch. TOPS systems were installed in the 1980s when RBOCs were forced to start their own operator services and "break away" from using AT&T.
The TOPS system has their own ACTS-like system for handling coin phone based long distance. The system works in a very similar way that the TSPS and OSPS based ACTS system did. However, the voice prompts are different, as they use a woman's voice that has a French Canadian accent.
However, RBOCs are not handling Inter-LATA coin phone based long distance services via TOPS. If they do offer coin phone based long distance services, they offer it though pay phones that use COCOT technology, rather than using ACTS like technology.
Listen to TOPS based ACTS from SBC (1 min) (Source: Strom Carlson)
Copyright 2008 Telephone World
Page last modified December 24, 2008
Contact us for more information


text:
Use of eCommons for rapid dissemination of COVID-19 research
In order to maximize the discoverability of COVID-19 research, and to conform with repository best practices and the requirements of publishers and research funders, we provide special guidance for COVID-19 submissions.
Bimodal Multicast (revised)
|dc.contributor.author||Birman, Kenneth P.||en_US|
|dc.description.abstract||There are many methods for making a multicast protocol "reliable". At one end of the spectrum, a reliable multicast protocol might offer atomicity guarantees, such as all-or-nothing delivery, delivery ordering, and perhaps additional properties such as virtually synchronous addressing. At the other are protocols that use local repair to overcome transient packet loss in the network, offering 'best effort' reliability. Yet none of this prior work has treated stability of multicast delivery as a basic reliability property, such as might be needed in an internet radio, TV, or conferencing application. This paper looks at reliability with a new goal: development of a multicast protocol which is reliable in a sense that can be rigorously quantified and includes throughput stability guarantees. We characterize this new protocol as a "bimodal multicast" in reference to its reliability model, which corresponds to a family of bimodal probability distributions. Here, we introduce the protocol, provide a theoretical analysis of its behavior, review experimental results, and discuss some candidate applications. These confirm that bimodal multicast is reliable, scalable, and that the protocol provides remarkably stable delivery throughput.||en_US|
|dc.title||Bimodal Multicast (revised)||en_US|


text:
Word Scramble Game Point Values for V A C U O L E
Here are the point values for each letter in vacuole for the two most popular word scramble games - Scrabble and Words With Friends.
Scrabble Point Values
These are the values for each letter/tile in Scrabble and Scrabble Go. The letters vacuole combine for a total of 12 points (not including bonus squares).
- V 4
- A 1
- C 3
- U 1
- O 1
- L 1
- E 1
Words With Friends Point Values
These are the values for each letter/tile for vacuole in Words With Friends and Words With Friends 2. These letters are worth a total of 16 points (not including bonus squares)
- V 5
- A 1
- C 4
- U 2
- O 1
- L 2
- E 1
How Many Words Can Be Unscrambled From VACUOLE?
Now that you have successfully unscrambled VACUOLE, what now? Simple, Our Word Unscrambler found 292 playable words ready to be used in several word games!
All of the words that you unscrambled using the letters vacuole can be used in Scrabble, Scrabble Go and Words With Friends!
Fact about vacuole
- VACUOLE has 1 Exact anagrams and 292 partial anagrams.
- VACUOLE is 7 letters long
- VACUOLE starts with V
- VACUOLE Ends with E
Definition of vacuole mean when you unscramble it?
vacuole unscrambles into many words! Here is the definition of one of those unscrambled words.
Meanings of vacuol
- Full of vacuoles, or small air cavities; as, vacuolated cells.
- Formation into, or multiplication of, vacuoles.
- A small air cell, or globular space, in the interior of organic cells, either containing air, or a pellucid watery liquid, or some special chemical secretions of the cell protoplasm.


text:
From a thing that showed up in the very late Middle Ages, called the "Letter of Lentulus," which was presented as being a report from a Roman official (with a known historical name) to Tiberius, about the appearance and habits of Jesus. The letter was taken as eyewitness testimony by many, and the letter in some versions described Jesus' hair and beard as "fair" and his face as "the color of wheat." (Although other versions described His hair and beard as "the color of a ripe hazelnut", ie, those things on the Nutella jar that are light brown and not at all fair. They also described His complexion as "reddish," which had the symbolic meaning of someone optimistic, energetic — and honest enough to be able to blush.) So it wasn't racism, so much as popular scholarship and Biblical fanfic (aka "pseudoepigrapha"), that led to blonde Jesuses.
The appearance of blonde or white-haired Jesuses in previous Christian art had always represented the Jesus of the Book of Revelation, Apocalyptic Jesus, Whose hair represents Him as ancient and eternal, or transfigured in light, and Who is dressed for His office as the eternal High Priest. Also, scary and impressive. Either way, His Divinity becoming as visible as His Humanity, rather than how He looked in His life normally on earth.
Most Western art follows the tradition of a bearded, dark Jesus because that's how the Mandylion of Edessa looked. Ditto the Shroud of Turin and the byssus veil thing. Pictures and relics should generally outweigh literary descriptions; but the Lentulus letter was popular in Germany, a fur piece over the mountains from the Shroud and the byssus veil.


mapping all five binds.
There are several scenarios where optional binds may be useful:
 - A service may have some default functionality which may be overridden at load-time by mapping an optional binding. Perhaps you have some kind of artifact repository service that, in the absence of a "remote-store" bind stores data on the local filesystem. However, if remote-store is bound to an appropriate S3 API-compatible service, such as Minio, it could modify its behavior to store data remotely.
 - A service can be optionally bind to a service to unlock additional features. For example, say you have an application that may run with or without a caching layer. You can model this using an optional bind named (say), "cache". If you wish to run without the caching functionality enabled, you can start the service without specifying a service group mapping for the "cache" bind. Since the bind is optional, it is not needed for Chef Habitat to run your service. However, if you do wish to run with the caching enabled, you can specify a service group mapping, e.g. hab svc load acme/my-app --bind=cache:redis.prod. In this scenario, your service's configuration can pull configuration values from the redis.prod service group, enabling it to use Redis as a caching layer.
 - A service may can optionally bind one of several services; if bind "X" is mapped, operate this way; if "Y" is mapped, operate that way. An application that could use either a Redis backend or a PostgreSQL backend, depending on the deployment scenario, could declare optional "redis" and "postgresql" bindings, and pick which one to map at service load-time. If this is your use case, Chef Habitat does not have a way to encode the fact that "one and only one of these optional bindings should be mapped", so you will have to manage that on your own.
Service Start-up Behavior
Prior to Chef Habitat 0.56.0, if the service group that you bound to was not present in the Supervisor network census, or had no live members, your service would not start until the group was present with live members. While this can be desirable behavior in some cases, as with running certain legacy applications, it is not always desirable, particularly for modern microservice applications, which should be able to gracefully cope with the absence of their networked dependencies.
With 0.56.0, however, this behavior can be modified using the new runtime service option --binding-mode. By setting --binding-mode=relaxed when loading a service, that service can start immediately, whether there are any members of a bound service group present or not. (Setting --binding-mode=strict will give you the previous, start-only-after-all-bound-groups-are-present behavior. This is also the current default, though relaxed will be the eventual default for Chef Habitat 1.0.0.). Such a service should have configuration and lifecycle hook templates written in such a way that the service can remain operational (though perhaps with reduced functionality) when there are no live members of a bound service group present in the network census.
The Difference Between Required Binds, Optional Binds, and Binding Mode
While there is a bit of overlap in these concepts, they are distinct. It's best to think of required and optional binds as defining "how applications can be wired together" (specifically, which "wires" must be connected in order to provide the minimal amount of information needed to run a service). Binding mode, on the other hand, defines how the application's start-up behavior is affected the presence or absence of its networked dependencies.
Another useful thing to keep in mind when thinking about required and optional binds is that service group mappings currently cannot be dynamically changed at runtime. They can only be changed by stopping a service, reloading the service with a new set of options, and then starting it up again. This constraint (which may change in future versions of Chef Habitat) may help guide your choice between what should be a required bind, and what should be optional, particularly when using the relaxed binding mode.
Using Runtime Binds with Consumer Services
Once you've defined both ends of the contract, you can leverage the bind in any of your package's hooks or configuration files. Given the two example services above, a section of a configuration file for session-server might look like this:
{{~#each bind.database.members as |member|}}
database = "{{member.sys.ip}}:{{member.cfg.port}}"
database-secure = "{{member.sys.ip}}:{{member.cfg.ssl-port}}"
{{~/each}}
Here, bind.<BINDING_NAME> will be "truthy" (and can thus be used in boolean expressions) only if the bind has been satisfied, and bind.<BINDING_NAME>.members will be an array of only active members.
(Prior to Chef Habitat 0.56.0, bind.<BINDING_NAME> was always present, and bind.<BINDING_NAME>.members had all members, even ones that had left the Supervisor network long ago. This necessitated using the eachAlive helper function, instead of just each.)
Starting a Consumer Service
Since your application server defined database as a required bind, you'll need to provide the name of a service group running a package which fulfills the contract using the --bind parameter to the Supervisor. For example, running the following:
$ hab svc load <ORIGIN>/<NAME> --bind database:amnesia.default
would create a bind aliasing database to the amnesia service in the default service group.
The service group passed to --bind database:{service}.{group} doesn't need to be the service amnesia. This bind can be any service as long as they export a configuration key for port and ssl-port.
You can declare bindings to multiple service groups in your templates by using the --bind option multiple times on the command line. Your service will not start if your package has declared a required bind and a value for it was not specified by --bind.
Plan Builds
Packages need to be signed with a private origin key at buildtime. Generate an origin key pair manually by running the following command on your host machine:
$ hab origin key generate <ORIGIN>
The hab-origin subcommand will place the origin key files, originname-timestamp.sig.key (the private key) and originname-timestamp.pub files (the public key), in the $HOME/.hab/cache/keys directory. If you're creating origin keys in the Studio container, or you are running as root on a Linux machine, your keys will be stored in /hab/cache/keys.
Because the private key is used to sign your artifact, it should not be shared freely; however, if anyone wants to download and use your artifact, then they must have your public key (.pub) installed in their local $HOME/.hab/cache/keys or /hab/cache/keys directory. If the origin's public key is not present, Chef Habitat attempts to download it from the Builder endpoint specified by the --url argument (_URL_ by default) to hab pkg install.
Passing Origin Keys into the Studio
The Habitat Studio is a self-contained and minimal environment, which means that you'll need to share your private origin keys with the Studio to sign artifacts. You can do this in three ways:
 1. Set HAB_ORIGIN to the name of the origin you intend to use before entering the Studio:
xport HAB_ORIGIN=originname
This approach overrides the HAB_ORIGIN environment variable and imports your public and private origin keys into the Studio environment. It also overrides any pkg_origin values in the packages that you build. This is useful because you can use it to build your own artifact, as well as to build your own artifacts from other packages' source code, for example, originname/node or originname/glibc.
 1. Set HAB_ORIGIN_KEYS to the names of your origins. If you're using more than one origin, separate them with commas:
xport HAB_ORIGIN_KEYS=originname-internal,originname-test,originname
This imports the private origin keys, which must exactly match the origin names for the plans you intend to build.
 1. Use the -k flag (short for "keys") which accepts one or more key names separated by commas with:
ab studio -k originname-internal,originname-test enter
This imports the private origin keys, which must exactly match the origin names for the plans you intend to build.
After you create or receive your private origin key, you can start up the Studio and build your artifact.
Interactive Build
Any build that you perform from a Chef Habitat Studio is an interactive build. Studio interactive builds allow you to examine the build environment before, during, and after the build.
The directory where your plan is located is known as the plan context.
 1. Change to the parent directory of the plan context.
 2. Create and enter a new Chef Habitat Studio. If you have defined an origin and origin key during ha


text:
State law requires the Department of Early Learning (DEL) to conduct
background checks on anyone who is authorized to care for or have
unsupervised access to children in licensed child care facilities.
DEL issues portable background checks, valid for three years, which can
be submitted through the
Managed Education and Registry Information Tool (MERIT).
Individuals associated with a licensed facility must register in MERIT and have a STARS ID. This includes:
- The licensed provider.
- Anyone who cares for or has unsupervised access to children in licensed child care.
- Anyone age 13 or older who live in the licensed family child care home.
Visit MERIT online:
- Sign in if you already have a STARS ID.
- Apply for a STARS ID if you do not have one.
- Click on the "application" tab.
- Click "Portable Background Check Application." Follow all the instructions.
Send payment as instructed. The processing costs are:
- $12 for online submission through MERIT $24 when a background check paper application is submitted.
First-time applicants must complete the fingerprint process. Individuals must submit a new application prior to the expiration date of the active
background check application. If this is not done then the individual must complete the fingerprint check process. Licensed providers can track the
background check clearances for employees and applicable household members through the MERIT facility registration process.
Background check forms:
People who are unable to submit their application electronically through
MERIT may submit a paper application.
Fingerprint-based background checks:
DEL contracts with Safran/MorphoTrust to conduct the fingerprint process. This website has a list of locations where
the fingerprint process is conducted. When the fingerprint process is required, an individual will receive a fingerprint appointment
form via email. Use the form to schedule an appointment.
The fee for fingerprinting is:
- $43.50 for applicants working in a licensed child care facility
- $42.50 for applicants volunteering in a licensed child care facility.
Additional fingerprint instructions
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text:
Organic Masoor Dal[MeraKisan]
Currently this Product is Out Of Stock.
Organic Red Lentil or commonly known as Organic Masoor Dal is a very important part of a vegetarian diet in the Indian subcontinent. It is high in fiber, protein, amino acids like methionine, lysine, and tryptophan. The taste & flavor of masoor dal is unique and used to prepare dal fry or sambhar. It helps to stabilize blood sugar levels. It is a rich source of vitamins, calcium, and magnesium which are vital for maintaining healthy teeth and bones.
Type Organic Spices


text: Abstract. Panaligan AC, Baltazar MD, Alejandro GJD. 2020. Short Communication: Genetic polymorphism of registered and popularly cultivated coffee (Coffea spp.) in the Philippines using inter-simple sequence repeats markers. Biodiversitas 21: 4228-4233. Three Coffea species, namely Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica have been commercially cultivated in the Philippines. Genetic variability analysis of these species is important for the conservation of genetic resources and breeding programs. Hence, this study was carried out to identify polymorphic inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers and determine the genetic variation of these three commercially cultivated coffee species. Twenty-nine DNA samples from young coffee leaves were extracted and PCR amplified. Of the 29 primers used, seven produced clear and reproducible bands. In the 54 bands produced, 51 were polymorphic. The number of bands amplified by each primer varied from 5 to 12 with an average of 7.71 bands. Polymorphism percentage ranged from 80 to 100. This is the first time that ISSR markers were used to determine the genetic variation of coffee in the Philippines. The study demonstrated the efficiency of ISSR markers to assess genetic variation in cultivated coffee species. The ISSR markers were able to differentiate the coffee germplasm at the interspecific and intraspecific levels. These results suggest the potential of ISSR markers for genetic diversity analysis of commercial coffee and varietal identification of elite varieties using DNA fingerprinting.


How can 30% of nickel in Rossi's reactor be transmuted into copper?
by Dott. Giuliano Bettini
Retired. Earlier: Selenia SpA, Rome and IDS SpA, Pisa
Also Adjunct Professor at the University of Pisa
Adjunct Professor at Naval Academy, Leghorn (Italian Navy)
Abstract
In the present article I would like to answer a question posed by L. Kowalsky in a recent paper: how can 30% of nickel in Rossi's reactor be transmuted into copper? "Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler", says a guy. I apologizes if I am too simplistic here.
Introduction
The interest on Andrea Rossi's Nickel-Hydrogen Cold Fusion technology is accelerating [1]. However, Rossi says that about 30% of nickel was turned into copper, after 6 months of uninterrupted operation. Kowalski [2]. says that "this seems to be impossible because the produced copper isotopes rapidly decay into Ni". But how it works?
How it works
Following Focardi Rossi [3]. a Ni58 nucleus produces a Copper nucleus according to the reaction
Ni58 + p → Cu59
Copper nucleus Cu59 decays with positron (e+) and neutrino (ν) emission in Ni59 nucleus according to
Cu59 → Ni59 + ν + e+
Then (e+) annichilates with (e-) in two gamma-rays
e- + e+ → γ + γ
Starting [3] from Ni58 which is the more abundant isotope, we can obtain as described in the two above processes Copper formation and its successive decay in Nickel, producing Ni59, Ni60, Ni61 and Ni62. Because Cu63, which can be formed starting by Ni62, is stable and does not decay in Ni63, the chain stops at Ni62 (i.e. Cu63). Each process means some MeV.
Of course how can a proton p gets captured by the Ni58 nucleus? (and subsequent Ni59, Ni60, Ni61 and Ni62). Following Stremmenos [4]. a neutron-like particle, an electron proton pair, a mini-atom, a proton masked as a neutron, gets captured by the Ni58.
If the masked proton becomes a neutron the result is Ni59.
In order to have Cu59 (increase of atomic number from 28 to 29) the electron (of the masked proton) gets ejected from the nucleus. The masked proton becomes a proton.
The same process holds for all the subsequent transformations, until Cu63.
It remains to be understood the issue of the gamma radiation in the MeV range.
Numbers
I am an electronic engineer, so I need easy numbers in order to understand.
However "Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler", says a guy. Maybe I am too simple here.
Let's calculate.

MeV for each Ni transformation
I read that starting from Ni58 we can obtain Copper formation and its successive decay in Nickel, producing Ni59, Ni60, and Ni62. The chain stops at Cu63 stable.
For simplicity I assume all the Nickel in the reactor in the form Ni58.
For simplicity I suppose for each Ni58 the whole sequence of events from Ni58 to Cu63 and as a rough estimate I calculate the mass defect between (Ni58 plus 5 nucleons) and the final state Cu63.
Ni58 mass is calculated to be 57.95380± 15 amu
The actual mass of a copper-Cu63 nucleus is 62.91367 amu
Mass of Ni58 plus 5 nucleons is 57.95380+5=62.95380 amu
Mass defect is 62.95380-62.91367=0.04013 amu
1 amu = 931 MeV is used as a standard conversion
0.04013×931 MeV=37.36 MeV
So each transformation of Ni58 into Cu63 releases 37.36MeV of nuclear energy.

Nickel consumption
According to many blogs in the Internet "One hundred grams of nickel powder can power a 10 kW unit for a minimum of six months".
How much of Ni58 should be transformed, in six months of continuous operation, in order to generate 10 kW?
I follow a procedure outlined in [2].
10 kW is thermal or electrical (?) power. The nuclear power must be larger. Assume a nuclear power twice:
20 kW = 20,000 J/s = 1.25 x 10**17 MeV/s.
Each transformation of Ni58 into Cu63 releases 37.36MeV of nuclear energy.
The number of Ni58 transformations should thus be equal to (1.25 x 10**17)/37.36 = 3.346 x 10**15 per second.
Multiplying by the number of seconds in six months (1.55 x 10**7) the total number of transformed Ni58 nuclei is 5.186 x 10**22.
This means 5 grams.
The order of magnitude is not exactly the same but seems to be plausible. This means also 5 grams of Nickel in Rossi's reactor transmuted into (stable) Copper after six months of continuous operation at the rate of 10 kW.

Conclusions
Rossi says that about 30% of nickel was turned into copper, after 6 months of uninterrupted operation. At first glance this seems to agree with calculations based on simple assumptions.

References

894 comments to How can 30% of nickel in Rossi's reactor be transmuted into copper?
 - D.Chambers
 Dear Mr. Rossi,
 I would like to answer Alessandro Casali, on the question of how the reaction stops.
 If you go back in this blog thread, you will see that the cooling water flow is increased thus lowering heat in the reactor. It's an observation that about 60C is where the reaction starts and if there is hysterisis in the reaction, some lower temperature is where it stops. This is merely what I gleaned from Mr. Rossi's answers to some earlier questions.
 Mr. Rossi please keep up the good work and God bless you.
 D.Chambers
 - David Rimshnick
 Wonderful work, Mr. Rossi! I wish you all the best.
 I worry – will this cause Nickel prices to spike, eliminating potential cost savings?
 Again, best of luck to you. Thanks for your efforts!
 Dave
 - Alessandro Casali
 thanks again Mr. Rossi for your quick reply.
 I undesrstand your reasons so i won't be asking more on this subject.
 I have however developed my own convictions about this matter and i think there are 2 possibile answers:
 1) Electricity (together with or insted of heat) is needed to kick start the reaction and keep it going, that whould mean that Electricity had a great role in the reaction process (electrolysis).
 2) The reactor design has some kind of trick that allows the heat produced by the input energy to be vital for the reaction survival.
 Best regards,
 A.C.
 - Andrea Rossi
 Dear Mr Alessandro Casali:
 I cannot answer to your questions for confidentiality reasons.
 Warm regards,
 A.R.
 - Alessandro Casali
 thank you Mr. Rossi for your quick reply.
 so input energy (after the start up) is required only for security reasons?
 I just can't understand how can the reaction stop when you turn off input energy.
 If the assumption that "reaction starter is the heat produced by the input energy" is true, how can the reaction stop just unplugging the e-cat given that the heat produced by the reaction itself should be much bigger than that obtained at start up?
 I'm sure I'm missing something in my thinking and i'll be very happy if you could give me some good clue.
 In respect to your industrial secret I will understand if you can't answer my questions.
 Warm regards.
 A.C.
 - Andrea Rossi
 Dear Mr Alessandro Casali:
 1- the design is important
 2- the secret is just an industrial secret ans as such can't be disclosed
 3- we need a drive foer safety reasons.
 Warm regards,
 A.R.
 - Alessandro Casali
 Dear Mr. Rossi,
 i would like to express my full appreciation for your discovery and for your kindness.
 I'm skeptical by nature but i'm also kind of a dreamer, very interested in good science and progress for humankind therefore i'm really excited about your E-cat and hope it will deliver all that it promises.
 I have some curiosity about the E-cat and hope you can answert my questions:
 is the reactor design important/functional to the reaction or the real secret is in the powder mix, hydrogen pressure and reactor temperature?
 if I remember well, input energy is needed to start the reaction by heating the reactor chamber, why then E-cat needs input energy after the reaction has started? shouldn't the heat produced by the reaction itself be enough to keep the reaction going, considering the output energy is much bigger the the input?
 Warm regards,
 A.C.
 - Andrea Rossi
 Dear Mr James Bowery:
 We are following our scheduled program with the maximum possible speed.
 Warm Regards,
 A.R.
 - Andrea Rossi
 Dear ZGL,
 I forwarded your message to Prof. Kelly.
 Warm regards,
 A.R.
 - Tony
 I should have added to my comment below that if ashes can be a catalyst that allows sugar to burn then why is it so hard to believe that that a catalyst can't allow Hydrogen to be used to transmute Nickel into Copper at several hundred degrees and


Printable + Digital Figurative Language Flipbook
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The digital and printable figurative language flipbook and figurative language activities is a perfect activity to add to your figurative language unit or to use during Poetry Month. This is a great activity for students to become familiar with and experiment with figurative language! Students will learn and write the following:
 1. Similes
 2. Metaphors
 3. Personification
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Can I get Child Support and Spousal Support in a True Default Divorce in Fremont California?
Main Office: Law Offices of Donald Glass in Fremont
$695 Flat Legal Fee Uncontested Divorce Attorney
43537 Ridge Park Dr, Temecula, CA 92590
You have a "true default divorce" if the Respondent failed to file a response to the petition for divorce.
This means that it has been more than 30 days since the petitioner served the petition and summons and the Respondent did not file a response and there is no written settlement agreement.
In this scenario, the question is will you get everything you wanted such as child support and spousal support? The answer is Not Necessarily!
Child Custody Laws: Fremont
The law requires that the judge to decide based on the child's best interest. The court may not order what you want if the court believes it is not in the child's best interest. The purpose of the California best interest standard is to give the court broad discretion to order a custody and visitation plan that is consistent with the child's health, safety, welfare and education. The court discretion when assessing the child's best interest is also what makes child custody decisions difficult to successfully appeal. When an appellate court takes a look at a judge's decision on what facts he or she gave less or more consideration, they generally have to find (with some exceptions of course) that the judge abused his or her discretion when evaluating and weighing the facts.
Sole physical custody gives a parent the right to be the primary custodial and caretaker role. Sole physical custody orders do not necessarily take away all parenting time from the noncustodial parent. It is common for a sole physical custody order to be granted to one parent while visitation (parenting time) is ordered for the other.
Sole legal custody orders give one parent the exclusive right to make decisions concerning a child's health, education and welfare. That doesn't mean the parent who obtained sole legal custody gets to make all of the decisions at all times. That is because the parent who has visitation (but not custody) does still have supervisory responsibilities while the child is in his or her control. Sole legal custody orders are rare and not favored by our laws unless the noncustodial parent has committed certain acts of misconduct or has otherwise abandoned the child to such an extent that he or she should not be involved in important decision-making concerning the child.
Child Support Laws: Fremont
The court is obligated to issue an order based on guideline child support unless there is lawful ground for deviation from the guidelines. Basically, the guideline child support is what the judge's computer program tells the judge the amount for support. In most cases, the judge follows the guidelines unless there are proper legal reasons to deviate from the guidelines. California Courts cannot simply fail to order the guideline child support amount for reasons not permitted by law. That is because the guideline child support number is presumptively deemed to be correct.
In some cases, the court may deviate from the guidelines if the presumption of correctness is rebutted. But the court must state how it deviated from the child support guideline. Here are some examples for deviation:
1- The parties stipulated to a different amount of child support.
2- The party that is paying has an extraordinarily high income and the amount determined under the formula would exceed the needs of the child.
3- The custodial parent is not contributing enough resources in proportion to custodial time.
California Spousal Support: Fremont
The court may request to terminate spousal support. But the court may decide not to terminate spousal support even if you ask for it, especially in a long term marriage. These are just a few of the many examples of how the court may not give you what you want even if the respondent has failed to participate and whose default has been taken.
Temporary: Fremont
Before there is a final judgment, California alimony laws give the court the power to order temporary alimony based on a spouse's need and the other spouse's ability to pay. Temporary spousal support is generally based on the same computer program used to calculate child support. California alimony laws state the fundamental purpose of temporary alimony is to maintain the status quo. The court will typically look at the net disposable income of each spouse and how much "waste" there is within the monthly expenses that the spouses pay or claim they need to pay. The court has discretion to depart from the program in situations where a requesting spouse's need is higher or the payor spouse's ability to pay is materially less or more than what the computer program calculates.
The shorter the marriage, the shorter the alimony in California and the shorter amount of time that a spouse will have to become self-supporting. The longer the marriage and the longer that a spouse has been out of the workforce, the longer the alimony and the more leniency the family court will give regarding the inability to get back into the workforce. Family Code 4320 states how the Family Court may consider the 14 factors in determining the final alimony amount.
However, husband and wife are free to negotiate in a divorce settlement many variations of alimony terms and conditions. These include but are not limited to (a) the indefinite retention of the court's power to make orders just as the code says, (b) termination of alimony on a set date which may or may not include, especially in a long-term marriage, (c) termination of the court's power to ever award alimony beyond that date, (d) non-modifiable alimony in various forms including non-modifiability for a certain period, the entire time as well as a step down or step up of alimony over time. In long-term marriages, the court will generally not terminate its power to award alimony.
Law Offices of Donald Glass in Fremont
$695 Flat Legal Fee Uncontested Divorce Attorney
Main office: 43537 Ridge Park Dr, Temecula, CA 92590
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text:
Systèmes d'Information et Management
Gérer la migration vers les systèmes ouverts : le cas du groupe ELF
The object of this article is to relate the experience of a large industrial group in the migration of data-processing systems to so-called open systems. The need to be able to assess the economic and technical impact as well as the context of the migration are presented in points 1 and 2. Next there is a demonstration of the need to adopt open systems (point 3), the different phases of the migration and the approach taken (point 4 and 5). The lessons to be learned and some figures about migration conclude this presentation.
"Gérer la migration vers les systèmes ouverts : le cas du groupe ELF,"
Systèmes d'Information et Management: Vol. 1:
1, Article 5.
Available at: _URL_


text:
An excursion to Chartres House of God is otherworldly excursion, a journey. There is such a great amount to see it is an excursion without anyone else. The site where Chartres Church stands today has been a frightened area for eons.Its earliest history has not been recorded. It is assessed that Christians might have shown up at Chartres in the fourth hundred years. The current House of prayer dates from 1194, when it was revamped after a fire.
At the point when you visit the church building don't miss these seven astounding highlights:
The Outside Design Highlights
The Stained Glass Windows
Our Woman of the Support point
The Inside Elements
1. The Outside Building Elements: There are many highlights you won't have any desire to miss. As you approach the Illustrious Entryway notice the similitudes and contrasts of pinnacles on one or the other side. Pay heed the carvings of figures on side of the entryways or more the three passageways. There are heights on north and south entrance as well. A cunning building advancement of Chartres Basilica apparent on the outside are the flying braces. Considering the outside Chartres Basilica adds to your enthusiasm for it and making your excursion profound.
2. The Stained Glass of Chartres House of God cover the walls. The 176 delightful stained glass windows date from the twelfth and thirteenth hundreds of years. For an otherworldly excursion into the historical backdrop of the Stained Glass of Chartres Church I suggest going along with one of Malcolm Mill operator's directed visits.
3. The Artifact as it is known today or spiritual podcast the Sancta Camisia, is an unquestionable necessity, it plays had huge impact in laying out the significance of Chartres House of prayer. It is kept in an extraordinary spot, search for in the church of Our Woman in the tomb. It is said that Charles the Uncovered introduced the Sancta Camisia to the Church at the sanctification of 876. This gift lead to Chartres House of God turning into a significant journey objective around the finish of the twelfth 100 years. Pioneers actually come today.
4. The Sepulcher one of the biggest France, was finished in 1024. It is a U formed Romanesque style sepulcher based on past old designs. There are no bodies covered in this tomb. Make certain to see the well, tracing all the way back to Gallic times, Our Woman of the Grave Church, and the twelfth century baptismal textual style. The baptismal text style is as yet utilized today. To encounter the grave as a profound excursion take a Sepulcher Visit. Visits are in French and English.
5. The Maze of Chartres Basilica has made due as the best protected and biggest from bygone eras. Dating from 1200 it is made with trimmed clearing stones. The maze of Chartres Church has been portrayed as: "the excursion to Jerusalem," meaning it could replace a genuine journey to the "Heavenly City". The seats are moved to permit explorers to walk the maze one time each week. Make certain to partake in the profound excursion of a maze walk.


text:
|Manual & Radio Meter Reading
The West Valley Water District has both manually read and radio-read meters. Manually read meters are read traditionally by walking to each meter and physically reading the numbers off of the meter dial and recording them into a handheld computer.
Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)
Radio-read meters are read by a small transmitter located in the meter box that sends the readings to a computer located in a vehicle as it is driven through your neighborhood. This technology is called Automatic Meter Reading (AMR).
The AMR method greatly reduces the chance of human error while recording your meter readings. The meter reading data is then sent to our Billing Department where your bill is then calculated.
About Your Water Meter
Most meters resemble the one shown in the diagram and are generally located in a plastic or concrete meter box near the street in front of your home.
The meter is read like an automobile odometer. WVWD meters record cubic feet of water used. Each cubic foot equals 7.48 gallons.
Reading Your Meter
For every 748 gallons of water used, the dial listed as hundreds will move one digit, which is equal to one billing unit of water.
To read your meter, read the first four digits from the left. This will tell you how many units you have used. View a diagram explaining what each section on the face of the water meter means.
If you can't find your meter, or it looks different than the one pictured, please call Customer Service at _PHONE_.
Example Water Meter
Connected Water Meter
Example Water Meter Face


text:
Introducing Dogs on Leash
Too often, greeting another dog on leash does not go well, even when both dogs are well socialized and dog friendly. Leashes limit your dog's natural greeting movements and can create tension and frustration for many dogs. Here are 7 tips for successful leash meet and greets for two dog friendly dogs:
- Ask Permission and Play it Safe: No matter how good your dog is with other dogs on and off leash, it's important to ask the owner of the other dog if their dog is friendly on leash and if it is ok if your dog greets them. If someone asks your permission, but you don't have a good feeling about the other dog, be your dog's advocate and don't allow the two dog's to meet. You can always politely tell the other person that your dog is currently in training.
- Control the greeting: If one or both of the dogs are overly excited, pulling and/or barking to greet, it is best not to let the dogs greet each other. Arousal can turn into aggression quickly. The greeting starts before the dogs meet, so it's import that they are both calm and on a loose leash.
- Keep the Leashes Loose: A tight leash can change your dog's posture to look aggressive and can add frustration, tension and stress to the greeting. Therefore, it is really important to always have slack in the leash.
- Follow the 3 Second Rule: When the dog's first greet, give them only 3 seconds and then move them apart. It is not uncommon for dogs to have a confrontation after the 3rd second. If there is barking or growling before 3 seconds, immediately move them apart so it doesn't escalate. If the first interaction went well and both dogs have loose bodies and look like they want to continue to interact, allow them greet again.
- Keep the Dogs Moving: When they greet, dogs move around to sniff each other at different angles, including the butt. Stillness and stiffness are signs that there could be a confrontation, so keep the leashes loose and allow the dogs to move around as naturally as possible.
- Be Aware of Body Language: It is so important to keep a close eye on the dogs when they are interacting. Staring, body stiffness, tight jaws, tucked, stiff, or high tails that are only wagging on the tip are all signs that there could be a confrontation. Dogs should have relaxed bodies and loose wagging tails when interacting with each other.
- Limited Greetings to One Dog: Having a successful meet and greet with two dogs can be a challenge, when you add a third, it makes it even more difficult to manage loose leashes, watch for body language and move the dogs apart in a timely manner if a confrontation arises.


text:
Call for applications
Below you can find events arranged by SLU and/or UU that might be of interest for researchers or students at both universities. Some of these, and additional events, can also be found in the U-Share calendar.
UppTalk Weekly – How can diseases like cancer and OCD be explained using dog DNA
UppTalk Weekly is a popular science seminar series via Zoom. On 18 May, professor Kerstin Lindblad-Toh will talk about how similarities between human and dog genes can help us develop improved drugs against for instance cancer.
More information about the seminar (in Swedish)
One Health webinars
The webinar series runs from February to May, with presentations at lunch time every other Tuesday. The webinars will present the result of studies funded by SLU Future One Health. All presentations are held on Zoom, registration is required to receive a Zoom link.
Calendar for the One Health webinars
SciLifeLab – The Svedberg seminar series
The seminar series is scheduled every other week in the Biomedical Center in Uppsala. During the spring 2021 all presentations are online.
Programme for the The Svedberg seminars
Equine Cultures in Transition 2021 - Past, Present and Future Challenges
The conference will be an opportunity for researchers on all academic levels in the social sciences and humanities to share their research on human-horse interactions, relationships and practices.
The conference is held online on 24–24 June, 2021. Deadline for registration 28 May.
More information and programme for the conference


Report a Spill
Water Pollution and Spills
To report a spill/water pollution, call _PHONE_.
At any time, if you need to report emergency concerns that involve imminent danger to people or the environment, call 911.
Water Quality Violation
By definition of the Issaquah Municipal Code, with very few exceptions, the only discharge allowed to a public or private storm system is rainwater.
Examples of Violations
Water quality violations can range from minor incidents, such as car washing, to large spills from an overturned vehicle. Water quality violations can also come from multiple sources, including roadways, underground problems, failing septic systems or hazardous materials stored outside and uncovered from the rain.


text:
- New medical imager captures unprecedented 3D images of the human body.
- It's 40 times faster than PET scans, and can use 40 times less radiation.
- EXPLORER scanner makes PET and CT scans look old-fashioned.
What do you get if you combine the technologies on which the two most successful medical imaging devices — positron emission tomography (PET) and x-ray computed tomography (CT) — are based? You get EXPLORER, the stunning new scanner that can capture an amazingly detailed 3D image of the entire human body in 20–30 seconds.
EXPLORER's super-fast capture rate — it can scan a body region in about a second — also allows it to take movies of specially-tagged medications and radiotracers as they make their way through a body.
The development of EXPLORER
EXPLORER was developed at the UC Davis Department of Biomedical Engineering by biomedical engineers Simon Cherry and Ramsey Badawi in partnership with Shanghai-based United Imaging Healthcare (UIH). UIH plans eventually to manufacture and sell the devices worldwide.
Badawi and Cherry first conceived of something like EXPLORER some 13 years ago. In 2011, a $1.5 million grant from the National Cancer Institute allowed them to pull together a consortium of collaborators to work on the idea. The first working EXPLORER was made possible by a $15.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health in 2015.
The first images Badawi got his eyes on were captured by UIH and the Department of Nuclear Medicine at the Zhongshan Hospital in Shanghai, and they were eye-popping. As he told UC Davis Health:
The level of detail was astonishing, especially once we got the reconstruction method a bit more optimized. We could see features that you just don't see on regular PET scans... And the dynamic sequence showing the radiotracer moving around the body in three dimensions over time was, frankly, mind-blowing. There is no other device that can obtain data like this in humans, so this is truly novel.
Benefits of EXPLORER
EXPLORER is 40 times as fast as a PET scanner, making it more feasible to do repeated studies on an individual, and, of course, there are the movies that can provide an unprecedented look at the in-body progress of radiotraceable agents. EXPLORER'S also 40 times more sensitive than PET scanners, so it will cause patients to be exposed to far less radiation during diagnosis than traditional PET or CT scans.
"The tradeoff between image quality, acquisition time and injected radiation dose will vary for different applications," Cherry told UC Davis Health. "But in all cases, we can scan better, faster or with less radiation dose, or some combination of these."
Doctors will also be able to see, for the first time, what's happening simultaneously in multiple areas of the body, helping them measure dynamic processes such as bloodflow or glucose takeup. The uses for EXPLORER's breakthrough technology seem endless.
The goal right now is to get the first working system up and running at the EXPLORER Imaging Center in Sacramento by June 2019. At that time, the scientists hope to begin using EXPLORER for research projects and for diagnosing patients. Meanwhile, at Zhongshan Hospital, investigation of EXPLORER's potential continues.


pH itself in a multi-threaded mode. The following two examples run HdpH on two and four threads per node, respectively, expecting that the OS will bind each thread to a core.
$> mpiexec -hosts bwlf01,bwlf02,bwlf03 ./fib -numProcs=3 -scheds=2 v2 45 30 +RTS -N2
{v2, seqThreshold=30, parThreshold=30} fib 45 = _PHONE_ {runtime=10.648305s}
$> mpiexec -hosts bwlf01,bwlf02,bwlf03 ./fib -numProcs=3 -scheds=4 v2 45 30 +RTS -N4
{v2, seqThreshold=30, parThreshold=30} fib 45 = _PHONE_ {runtime=6.507969s}
Note that the GHC RTS switch -N determines the number of threads (or HECs in GHC terminology) whereas the fib switch -scheds determines how many of these threads run the HdpH scheduler loop. Whether there should be as many schedulers as threads or less depends on the GHC version and probably on the OS. Using one scheduler less than the number of threads has been observed to reduce variability, and sometimes even bring performance gains:
$> mpiexec -hosts bwlf01,bwlf02,bwlf03 ./fib -numProcs=3 -scheds=3 v2 45 30 +RTS -N4
{v2, seqThreshold=30, parThreshold=30} fib 45 = _PHONE_ {runtime=5.831932s}
Parallel launch via mpiexec on heterogeneous multicores
So far all hosts were assumed to have the same number of cores. However, mpiexec can be used to launch on heterogeneous clusters. For instance, the following call will launch HdpH with two threads each on bwlf01 and bwlf02, and with four threads on bwlf03; please see the man page of mpiexec for an explanation of the command line format.
$> mpiexec -hosts bwlf01,bwlf02,bwlf03 -n 2 ./fib -numProcs=3 -scheds=2 -d1 v2 45 30 +RTS -N2 : -n 1 ./fib -numProcs=3 -scheds=4 -d1 v2 45 30 +RTS -N4
137.195.143.101:21394:0 #SPARK=1114 max_SPARK=183 max_THREAD=[3,1,1]
137.195.143.101:21394:0 #FISH_sent=3 #SCHED_rcvd=1
137.195.143.103:22027:0 #SPARK=261 max_SPARK=2 max_THREAD=[0,1,1,1,1]
137.195.143.103:22027:0 #FISH_sent=209 #SCHED_rcvd=208
137.195.143.102:22374:0 #SPARK=221 max_SPARK=3 max_THREAD=[1,1,1]
137.195.143.102:22374:0 #FISH_sent=173 #SCHED_rcvd=172
{v2, seqThreshold=30, parThreshold=30} fib 45 = _PHONE_ {runtime=10.502205s}
The switch -d1 reveals that bwlf03 (IP address 137.195.143.103) did indeed run 4 schedulers because its max_THREAD list was length 5, and the length of the max_THREAD list is always 1 plus the number of schedulers.
Launch caveats
At startup HdpH nodes open random ports and rely on UDP multicasts to discover each other. This results in a number of limitations:
 - UDP multicasts must be routed between all nodes (which may imply that all hosts must reside in the same subnet).
 - The obligatory -numProcs switch, which tells an application how many nodes to expect, must match exactly the number of nodes launched.
 - Node discovery must be completed within a certain time frame (typically 10 seconds).
 - No second HdpH application may be launched during the node discovery phase.
Any deviation from the above limitations is likely to cause HdpH to hang forever.
References
 1. Patrick Maier, Phil Trinder. Implementing a High-level Distributed-Memory Parallel Haskell in Haskell. Proc. 2011 Symposium on Implementation and Application of Functional Languages (IFL 2011), Springer LNCS 7257, pp. 35-50.
 2. Patrick Maier, Rob Stewart, Phil Trinder. Reliable Scalable Symbolic Computation: The Design of SymGridPar2. Proc. 28th ACM Symposium On Applied Computing (SAC 2013), pp. _PHONE_.
 3. HdpH development repository on github.


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Is Rio Dipladenia a perennial?
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Similarly, you may ask, do Dipladenia come back every year?
Dipladenia is the former name of the plant, with most cultivars now properly labeled and sold as mandevilla vines. They can survive in USDA zone 8, although they may die back each year and grow as shorter plants. Proper winter care ensures that the dipladenia will survive to bloom again each summer.
Similarly, how do you take care of a Dipladenia in Rio? Water the plant frequently in the summer but let the top few inches of the soil dry out before watering anew. The plant can go in the ground in warmer areas or stay in a pot. Bright but indirect sun is a requirement for growing a dipladenia plant. The best flowers are formed in a well lit area.
Furthermore, how do you take care of a Dipladenia in the winter?
Spread 2 or 3 inches of mulch, such as leaves or straw, over top of the roots to protect them during the cold months. The dipladenia will sprout back in spring. This method of winter care only works in USDA plant hardiness zone 8. In cooler zones, dipladenias must be brought indoors for winter.
How do I make my Dipladenia bloom?
Getting a Mandevilla Plant to Bloom Use a teaspoon of Epsom salts dissolved in water once every two weeks for a month. The salt content will build up in the soil if you try this for any longer. The magnesium in the Epsom salts should get it flowering again.