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DES MOINES – The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service today announced a habitat conservation plan proposed by MidAmerican Energy as the best solution to help preserve certain bat and eagle species at company wind farms.
As part of the plan, MidAmerican Energy will establish conservation funds for statewide bat and eagle programs that will help bolster their populations.
After public input and extensive evaluation, the Fish and Wildlife Service released its final environmental impact statement that concludes MidAmerican Energy's habitat conservation plan "best fulfills the agency's statutory mission and responsibilities while meeting the purpose and need." There is now a 30-day period for the public to review the plan after which the agency can make a final decision to issue a 30-year "incidental take permit."
The permit would allow for a limited number of incidental takes for four bat species and 10 turbine-related incidental bald eagle takes per year. Bats covered by the permit include the federally endangered Indiana bat, the federally threatened northern long-eared bat, the non-endangered little brown bat and tri-colored bat. The bald eagle is not an endangered species but is protected under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act.
The Fish and Wildlife Service found in its final environmental impact statement that this amount of mortality is not likely to result in population-level impacts to bald eagles or bats.
"MidAmerican Energy has worked hard to identify and develop practices that help preserve bats and eagles at the company's clean energy wind farms," Josh Mohr, MidAmerican Energy senior director of environmental programs, said. "Through this extensive effort, involving years of comprehensive research and detailed analysis, MidAmerican Energy has established and adopted unparalleled conservation practices at our wind farms. And that won't change as we continue to grow our wind energy footprint in Iowa."
Bat and bald eagle protection measuresMidAmerican Energy's plan, first proposed in April of 2018, helps protect the four bat species by modifying nighttime wind turbine operations during certain months. At four wind farms where researchers found increased signs of nearby bat activity, the company will make additional operational changes, including blade feathering, from mid-July through September. Blade feathering, or turning a blade to reduce its wind exposure, helps keep turbine blades from spinning slowly when light winds don't blow strongly enough to produce energy.
The company will seasonally adjust the wind speed at which a turbine begins to spin and produce energy. Studies show the adjustment can reduce bat fatalities up to 58%. The changes slightly decrease electric generation output.
The plan also includes measures to reduce bald eagle impacts at MidAmerican Energy wind farms, including educating landowners about removing animal remains that may attract eagles.
Bat and bald eagle conservation funds to be establishedUnder the plan, MidAmerican Energy has committed nearly $10 million to create bat and eagle conservation funds. The funds will support statewide projects to offset impacts to the affected species and help bolster their populations.
"MidAmerican Energy's investment in a 30-year commitment for a Habitat Conservation Plan that covers the entire state of Iowa for their 22 wind projects to address current and potential conflicts with Bald Eagles demonstrates a commitment not only to a clean energy economy but also to the conservation of an iconic species of bird that is the symbol of our country, and that Audubon and our members treasure," the conservation advocacy group Audubon Society wrote in public comments it filed with the Fish and Wildlife Service.
Plan based on comprehensive study
MidAmerican Energy's habitat conservation plan follows an unprecedented four-year series of independent studies covering most of its wind fleet. In November 2014, MidAmerican Energy, along with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, began the studies to determine how wind farms impact bald eagles and the four bat species. The efforts examined where sensitive bat species and bald eagles appear near MidAmerican Energy wind farms and evaluated their impacts.
The company is using study results to enhance conservation practices for current and future wind farms. MidAmerican Energy will provide annual reports to the agency on company conservation efforts and their effectiveness.
|Wind Watch relies entirely
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Payout (.pay) path Creation
Cadfil Help contents Cadfil.com Home
At the CADFIL main menu select the Create Payout Path option.
The system will request the name of the fibre path (. FIB) file to use.
The system reads the fibre path data and then reads the mandrel and envelope file data that is referenced in the fibre path file.
The thickness dialog is then displayed, to enter bandwidth, set filtering and create thickness files if required. This has its own topic.
The first six values above are used to estimate the cross sectional area of the resin impregnated fibre bundle to allow the thickness of the winding to be calculated. When the user later specifies the band-width the band thickness can be estimated. The calculation is set up for default units but can be modified if required. See the appendices for tow area calculations.
See also the section on thickness modifications.
The FILTER ANGLE and FILTER LENGTH can be used to reduce the number of data points in the payout path and are discussed in one of the following sections.
The PAYOUT CLEARANCE is used to create the default envelope around the mandrel. If the mandrel file has an envelope defined and this was selected at step 4 then this value is ignored. The PAYOUT CLEARANCE value entered MUST be in mandrel units.
The software now calculates from the data input the number of cycles required to cover the mandrel. This line is displayed for user information as follows, the user will note that the number of cycles is not a whole number as it is unlikely that the effective bandwidth will divide exactly a whole number of times into the mandrel maximum circumference. By default CADFIL rounds the number of cycles to the nearest whole number .
The other items displayed are the minimum layer thickness and the total length of fibre for one layer (assuming one roving)
If a thickness file was requested The system will now prompt the user as to whether he would like to update the mandrel profile by displaying, MANDREL UPDATE REQUIRED Y/N . If the user answer 'Y' the display will indicate UPDATING MANDREL. PLEASE WAIT. Following this, the system will request the user to input a new mandrel file name for the updated mandrel.
The Band pattern table is then shown (as below). This user can select a band pattern by clicking on the line required. Band pattern is discussed in detail in a later section.
Band Pattern Selection Dialog
The system requests the user to input the name of the payout file he wishes to save the payout path data to. This file has the .PAY extension.
The system then proceeds to the Payout View Section.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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- Psychology & the public
- What we do
- Member networks
- Careers, education & training
Facebook clues may affect job prospects
Clues to a person's personality provided on Facebook could hamper their chances of employment, new research has suggested. Published in the International Journal of Work Innovation, the study revealed many bosses are looking at social media sites to find out more about a would-be worker's lifestyle, attitudes and appearance.
Investigators from the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Florida International University in North Miami claimed such an approach is creating a digital divide and pointed to greater encroachment of virtual identity freedoms.
The team noted: "Job seekers should be aware that their future employers are closely observing their Facebook profiles in search of a window into their personality."
They explained such practice is an emerging phenomenon likely to continue for the foreseeable future.
And while employers are turning to social network sites to screen potential candidates, they are also using the medium to monitor the activities of their current employees, the researchers added.
Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society Professor Gail Kinman CPsychol Csi of the University of Bedfordshire commented: "The findings of this study highlight the importance of managing one's online identity carefully. Under current conditions, more applicants are chasing fewer jobs.
"Employers are clearly prepared to consult a wider range of sources than the usual CV and interview in order to obtain more information about applicants' appearance, personality, lifestyle and friends in order to make predictions about their potential job performance.
"Although employers may not be very skilled at making inferences from social networking sites, the impressions they get may influence whether or not applicants are successful, or whether or not existing employees are promoted."
- Most Read
- Most Comments
- Register of Applied Psychology Practice Supervisors
- Raising awareness of adult autism

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Ancient Thouria
Ancient Thouria was the most important city in western Messinia. The sea from Avia and Fares to the mouth of the river Pamisos was called "Thouriatis bay". The ruins of ancient Thouria are located on a hillside about 10 km to the northwest of Kalamata, to the north of the present town of Thouria.
At the northern end where the citadel of ancient Thouria is placed, there is part of the ancient wall with rectangular towers of 4th century BC and parts of the walls are still on the south side of the slope. On the southern plateau we still see the foundations of a large building, perhaps a temple having a column.
Ancient Thouria probably had a theater and a large rectangular water on the west side, below the citadel. Many ceramics and stone architectural parts have been found and reveal the size of ancient Thouria.
Since classical times until the Roman era ancient Thouria was once on the side of the Messinians and once on the Spartans. Coins of ancient Thouria however, bear the initials of the Spartans, presenting people from Thouria as Lacedaemons.
In ancient Thouria there were many sanctuaries, but it seems that Athena was specially honored and its figure adorns the coins of the Roman era. A famous temple of the city was dedicated to the goddess Atagartis of Syria considered a form of Venus. Her worship took place in sanctuaries where there were tanks with fish, the symbol of the goddess as she was originally depicted as a fish.
The citadel of the classical period of ancient Thouria was not completely abandoned and continued to be inhabited during the imperial times, the Middle Ages and the Ottoman rule.
Most Popular


the type of drop that would occur if the user dropped the object at this position. The type of drop usually depends on the current key state indicated by dwKeyState. A standard mapping of keystates to DROPEFFECT values is:
 - DROPEFFECT_NONE The data object cannot be dropped in this window.
 - DROPEFFECT_LINK for MK_CONTROL | MK_SHIFT Creates a linkage between the object and its server.
 - DROPEFFECT_COPY for MK_CONTROL Creates a copy of the dropped object.
 - DROPEFFECT_MOVE for MK_ALT Creates a copy of the dropped object and delete the original object.
 - DROPEFFECT_SCROLL Indicates that a drag scroll operation is about to occur or is occurring in the target view.
For more information, see the MFC Advanced Concepts sample OCLIENT.
Remarks
Override this function when you want to provide special behavior for this event. The default implementation automatically scrolls windows when the cursor is dragged into the default scroll region inside the border of each window.For more information, see the article Drag and Drop: Implementing a Drop Target.
Called by the framework to render an image of the document.
virtual void OnDraw(CDC* pDC) = 0;
Parameters
pDC
Points to the device context to be used for rendering an image of the document.
Remarks
The framework calls this function to perform screen display, printing, and print preview, and it passes a different device context in each case. There is no default implementation.
You must override this function to display your view of the document. You can make graphic device interface (GDI) calls using the CDC object pointed to by the pDC parameter. You can select GDI resources, such as pens or fonts, into the device context before drawing and then deselect them afterwards. Often your drawing code can be device-independent; that is, it doesn't require information about what type of device is displaying the image.
To optimize drawing, call the RectVisible member function of the device context to find out whether a given rectangle will be drawn. If you need to distinguish between normal screen display and printing, call the IsPrinting member function of the device context.
Called by the framework when the user releases a data object over a valid drop target.
virtual BOOL OnDrop(
 COleDataObject* pDataObject,
 DROPEFFECT dropEffect,
 CPoint point);
Parameters
pDataObject
Points to the COleDataObject that is dropped into the drop target.
dropEffect
The drop effect that the user has requested.
 - DROPEFFECT_COPY Creates a copy of the data object being dropped.
 - DROPEFFECT_MOVE Moves the data object to the current mouse location.
 - DROPEFFECT_LINK Creates a link between a data object and its server.
point
The current mouse position relative to the view client area.
Return Value
Nonzero if the drop was successful; otherwise 0.
Remarks
The default implementation does nothing and returns FALSE.
Override this function to implement the effect of an OLE drop into the client area of the view. The data object can be examined via pDataObject for Clipboard data formats and data dropped at the specified point.
System_CAPS_ICON_note.jpg Note
The framework does not call this function if there is an override to OnDropEx in this view class.
Called by the framework when the user releases a data object over a valid drop target.
virtual DROPEFFECT OnDropEx(
 COleDataObject* pDataObject,
 DROPEFFECT dropDefault,
 DROPEFFECT dropList,
 CPoint point);
Parameters
pDataObject
Points to the COleDataObject that is dropped into the drop target.
dropDefault
The effect that the user chose for the default drop operation based on the current key state. It may be DROPEFFECT_NONE. Drop effects are discussed in the Remarks section.
dropList
A list of the drop effects that the drop source supports. Drop effect values can be combined using the bitwise OR ( |) operation. Drop effects are discussed in the Remarks section.
point
The current mouse position relative to the view client area.
Return Value
The drop effect that resulted from the drop attempt at the location specified by point. This must be one of the values indicated by dropEffectList. Drop effects are discussed in the Remarks section.
Remarks
The default implementation is to do nothing and return a dummy value ( -1 ) to indicate that the framework should call the OnDrop handler.
Override this function to implement the effect of an right mouse-button drag and drop. Right mouse-button drag and drop typically displays a menu of choices when the right mouse-button is released.
Your override of OnDropEx should query for the right mouse-button. You can call GetKeyState or store the right mouse-button state from your OnDragEnter handler.
 - If the right mouse-button is down, your override should display a popup menu which offers the drop effects support by the drop source.
 - Examine dropList to determine the drop effects supported by the drop source. Enable only these actions on the popup menu.
 - Use SetMenuDefaultItem to set the default action based on dropDefault.
 - Finally, take the action indicated by the user selection from the popup menu.
 - If the right mouse-button is not down, your override should process this as a standard drop request. Use the drop effect specified in dropDefault. Alternately, your override can return the dummy value ( -1 ) to indicate that OnDrop will handle this drop operation.
Use pDataObject to examine the COleDataObject for Clipboard data format and data dropped at the specified point.
Drop effects describe the action associated with a drop operation. See the following list of drop effects:
 - DROPEFFECT_NONE A drop would not be allowed.
 - DROPEFFECT_COPY A copy operation would be performed.
 - DROPEFFECT_MOVE A move operation would be performed.
 - DROPEFFECT_LINK A link from the dropped data to the original data would be established.
 - DROPEFFECT_SCROLL Indicates that a drag scroll operation is about to occur or is occurring in the target.
For more information on setting the default menu command, see SetMenuDefaultItem in the Windows SDK and CMenu::GetSafeHmenu in this volume.
Called by the framework after a document has been printed or previewed.
virtual void OnEndPrinting(
 CDC* pDC,
 CPrintInfo* pInfo);
Parameters
pDC
Points to the printer device context.
pInfo
Points to a CPrintInfo structure that describes the current print job.
Remarks
The default implementation of this function does nothing. Override this function to free any GDI resources you allocated in the OnBeginPrinting member function.
Called by the framework when the user exits print preview mode.
virtual void OnEndPrintPreview(
 CDC* pDC,
 CPrintInfo* pInfo,
 POINT point,
 CPreviewView* pView);
Parameters
pDC
Points to the printer device context.
pInfo
Points to a CPrintInfo structure that describes the current print job.
point
Specifies the point on the page that was last displayed in preview mode.
pView
Points to the view object used for previewing.
Remarks
The default implementation of this function calls the OnEndPrinting member function and restores the main frame window to the state it was in before print preview began. Override this function to perform special processing when preview mode is terminated. For example, if you want to maintain the user's position in the document when switching from preview mode to normal display mode, you can scroll to the position described by the point parameter and the m_nCurPage member of the CPrintInfo structure that the pInfo parameter points to.
Always call the base class version of OnEndPrintPreview from your override, typically at the end of the function.
Called by the framework after the view is first attached to the document, but before the view is initially displayed.
virtual void OnInitialUpdate();
Remarks
The default implementation of this function calls the OnUpdate member function with no hint information (that is, using the default values of 0 for the lHint parameter and NULL for the pHint parameter). Override this function to perform any one-time initialization that requires information about the document. For example, if your application has fixed-sized documents, you can use this function to initialize a view's scrolling limits based on the document size. If your application supports variable-sized documents, use OnUpdate to update the scrolling limits every time the document changes.
Called by the framework before the OnDraw member function is called for screen display and before the OnPrint member function is called for each page during printing or print preview.
virtual void OnPrepareDC(
 CDC* pDC,
 CPrintInfo* pInfo = NULL);
Parameters
pDC
Points to the device context to be used for rendering an image of the document.
pInfo
Points to a CPrintInfo structure that describes the current print job if OnPrepareDC is being called for printing or print preview; the m_nCurPage member specifies the page about to be printed. This parameter is NULL if OnPrepareDC is being called for screen display.
Remarks
The default implementation of this function does nothing if the function is called for screen display. However, this function is overridden in derived classes, such as CScrollView, to adjust attributes of the device context; consequently, you should always call the base


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An 'orchard grade' is a tree that may be on the shorter side, may be crooked or with slight damage. These trees will still produce the very same fruit as a first or number 1 will. They may need to be staked and they do need regular watering, fertilizer and protection from weeds and hungry animals. All trees will benefit from pruning.
This is one we've brought back due to positive customer feedback on both fruit quality and winter survival. Some growers refer to Harrow Diamond as the first really good peach of the season. Medium sized, red blushed fruit has sweet, juicy, non browning yellow flesh that is freestone when fully ripe. Significant disease resistance across the board.
SELF-FERTILE | ZONE 4/5 | HARVEST: EARLY-MID AUG.


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Product Quality & Safety Manager at Ro
What you'll do:
- Develop effective quality control processes.
- Devise and review specifications for products or processes.
- Establish requirements for raw material or intermediate products for suppliers.
- Manage Ro's contractual obligations under product quality agreements
- Develop and maintain a quality document management system
- Coordinate with contract manufacturers and internal teams to gather raw material and finished product documentation and analyze its validity.
- Participate in CMO audits, as necessary, including preparation of audit plans and documentation of post-audit findings.
- Contribute to regulatory submissions such as product registrations and record requests.
- Responsible for keeping up with and understanding the regulatory environment and quality requirements for dietary supplements, personal care products, and OTC medications.
What You Bring to the Team:
- Bachelor's degree (BA or BS) required.
- 2-5 years of FDA-regulated product industry experience, including 2-4 years in a Quality Audit role.
- Knowledge of the regulatory landscape for the labeling and manufacturing of various FDA regulated products including dietary supplements, prescription and OTC monograph drugs, and personal care products.
- Knowledge of safety reporting requirements for FDA-regulated products.
- Must be able to innovate, analyze, and solve problems with minimal supervisory input.
- Excellent communications, listening, and negotiation skills are necessary.
- Excellent organizational and time management skills needed to manage multiple ongoing projects simultaneously.
- Must have outstanding attention to details.
Benefits + Perks:
- Full medical, dental, and vision insurance + OneMedical membership
- Healthcare and Dependent Care FSA
- Commuter benefits
- Unlimited PTO
- Fitness reimbursement
- Paid maternity/parental leave

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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In the Spirit of Truth – Sunday, March 3 – 12:45 in the Chapel
Topic: Gender Identity
Facilitated by Sean Fischer and Mya Dosch
Join us as we explore the topic of gender identity. Engaging activities and discussion will focus on questions such as: What is the difference between gender and sex? How is gender identity different from sexual orientation? What does "Transgender" mean? How can First U become a more welcoming place for people of all genders? This forum is cosponsored by First Unitarian's Weaving the Fabric of Diversity and the Rainbow Alliance.


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December 31)
Any income tax refunds owing to your for any years up to the year you filed bankruptcy will be sent directly to the trustee by Canada Revenue Agency. This includes any tax refunds for any years prior to your bankruptcy, resulting from your pre-bankruptcy return and from your post-bankruptcy return.
Any taxes owing up to your pre-bankruptcy tax return (including any tax debts from prior years) are included in your bankruptcy and will be eliminated once your are discharged.
Any taxes owing on your post-bankruptcy tax return, or any subsequent tax return are your responsibility and must be paid by you.
While you lose income tax refunds as part of the bankruptcy process, you keep your HST cheques and child tax benefits.
Surplus income is based on the concept that the more you earn the more you have to pay in a bankruptcy.
Surplus income is important because it will affect both how much you have to pay and how long you will be bankrupt.
The government has set limits, or thesholds, of how much money you get to keep. The larger your family, the more you can keep. Earn any amount over this threshold, and you have to pay 50% into your bankruptcy for distribution to your creditors.
The basic calculation is:
Net Income - Threshold = Surplus Income x 50% = Payment
Here are some examples:
Single: personal monthly net income $2,521:
$2,521 - $2,121 = $400 x 50% = $200 payment
Married: one person bankrupt net income $2,016, spouse's income $1,500), 1 child
($2,146 + $1,500) = $3,646 - $3,246 = $400 x 50% = $200 family surplus
Pro-rata payment: $2,146/$3,646 = 59% x $200 = $118 payment
The current government threshold limits for 2015 are
Each month you are required to submit a monthly statement of income and expenses, along with proof of income.
At the end of the seventh month, your trustee will calculate your average income. If your average monthly income exceeds the monthly limit by $200 or more, your bankruptcy will be extended.
If you earn a bonus, are paid a large sales commission or have a month where you receive three paycheques instead of two, your average monthly income could be higher than expected, potentially affecting the length of your bankruptcy.
Be sure to advise your trustee before filing if your income fluctuates or you expect a three pay period month during your bankruptcy so they can help you understand the potential impact.
your take home pay + spouse's take home pay
voluntary deductions for RRSPs or RESPs
child tax benefit, social assistance, pension income
any other income sources for anyone living in the household
Certain deductions are allows:
child care payments
fines and penalties
employment expenses that are deductible for income tax purposes
If you expect to have a large monthly surplus income payment, you may want to consider a consumer proposal as an alternative.
A consumer proposal will allow you to negotiate a repayment plan with your creditors and spread out your payments over a longer period of time (up to 5 years). This can reduce your monthly payments to an amount that is more affordable.
Bankruptcy eliminates most unsecured debts. When you receive your bankruptcy discharge papers you are legally released from all debts that are covered in your bankruptcy. Most unsecured debts are discharged including:
credit card debt
finance company loans
unsecured lines of credit
student lines of credit
loans from individuals
income and other tax debt
student loans under certain circumstances (see our FAQ section on student loans)
Personal income tax debts, HST and other tax debts can be included in a bankruptcy and can be discharged (eliminated) by bankruptcy in Canada.
There may be additional duties required in order to obtain your bankruptcy discharge including the requirement to keep all tax filings and installment payments current. CRA has the power to register a lien against property prior to bankruptcy and filing bankruptcy does not remove the lien. You should advise your trustee of any tax debts prior to filing to fully understand any rights and remedies CRA may have.
There are certain debts that cannot be included in, or discharged by, bankruptcy in Canada. These include:
spousal and child support payments
debt arising out of fraud
court imposed fines
student loans less than 7 years (see our section on student loan debt for more details)
Yes. You cannot voluntarily exclude a creditor from your bankruptcy filing.
Secured creditors are not affected by bankruptcy. For more information see our FAQ section - What You Keep.
Bankruptcy does not discharge outstanding alimony or child support payments.
The spouse owed back support payments can make a claim in the bankruptcy and receive their share of any 'dividend' paid from the estate. Any alimony or support arrears for the 12 months prior to the date of bankruptcy are considered a preferred claim and are paid out of the proceeds of the bankrupt estate before any other unsecured claims. The balance left unpaid is still owed by the paying spouse.
Unpaid debts due to equalizaton payments under the terms of a divorce or separation agreement are treated like any other unsecured debt and are eliminated by filing bankruptcy.
Support and alimony payments are deductible for purposes of calculating surplus income.
This potentially lowers your net income, reducing any surplus income payment you may be required to make in a bankruptcy.
If you filed bankruptcy first, your assets transfer to your bankruptcy estate and are no longer available for distribution in a divorce. Alternately, if assets are transferred to an ex-spouse as part of a Family Court Order or legal separation agreement before you file for bankruptcy (assuming not done fraudulently) then these assets are no longer available for your creditors in the bankruptcy.
A joint debt cannot be eliminated by a divorce or separation agreement.
Your lender must agree to remove one spouse from any debt they co-signed or guaranteed. This includes joint credit cards.
A divorced or separated couple can still file a joint bankruptcy or joint consumer proposal.
This is not uncommon as a method of dealing with joint debts owed by a couple who can no longer repay these debts due to their divorce and a change in their financial circumstances.
When you file bankruptcy or a consumer proposal in Canada a note will appear on your credit report. The note is based on information received by the Credit Bureau from the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (OSB) and includes:
The fact that you filed and the type of proceeding (bankruptcy, consumer proposal)
The date you filed
The date of your discharge or completion when this happens
This note is removed after a certain period of time:
1st time Bankruptcy – 6 or 7 years after your bankruptcy discharge, depending on the credit bureau
2nd time Bankruptcy - 14 years after each bankruptcy discharge
Consumer Proposal - 3 years after all payments are completed
How Will The Note Be Removed?
The OSB notifies credit bureaus monthly of all bankruptcy discharges and completed proposals.
Credit reports are automatically updated from this information.
We recommend you review your credit report to ensure this happens. You will need to contact the credit bureau personally to correct any mistakes.
It can take up to 2 months for your discharge or proposal completion to appear.
Filing bankruptcy or a consumer proposal does not usually affect your current mortgage and lenders cannot cancel your mortgage just because you have filed. Most will renew your mortgage as long as you have kept all payments current.
It is possible to rebuild credit by doing the following:
Review your credit report and alert the credit bureau of any errors.
Pay all bills on time and in full.
Obtain a new credit card (either secured or unsecured) and use it wisely.
We also recommend you begin to build a small emergency fund during your bankruptcy or consumer proposal. This can help you avoid relying on credit and can be used as a down payment or security for a new loan.
To qualify for a new mortgage, lenders generally look for 2 years of good credit history and the ability to responsibly handle at least $5000 in new credit. Good credit choices would be a secured credit card, line of credit, or car loan.
Credit bureaus report differently. For this reason, we recommend that you request a credit report from both of the companies listed below.
FYI: Free credit reports will provide you with a credit history report, but not a credit score. Credit scores are only available on paid reports.
Equifax Canada Inc. Consumer Relations
Box 190 Jean Talon Station
Montreal, Quebec H1S 2Z2


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The new connector approach: M12
For ruggedized military and aerospace systems, experts in the interconnect industry are now recommending that manufacturers turn to standardized M12 connectors, which are much more durable in harsh environments compared to RJ-45 and 38999 connectors. M12 connectors are also the de-facto standard in industrial automation and meet IEC specifications with an industry-standard interface compatible with a wide array of sensors and switches. These connectors enable fast and simple replacement of sensors, encoders, switches and other input/output devices and are available in various IEC-compliant configurations—including single- and dual-keyway designs offering straight and 90° plugs.
The transition to M12 connectors within military systems could prove challenging since RJ-45 and 38999 have been in use for a long time, and convincing the military and aerospace sector to make a transition tends to require a major effort. To ensure the throughput performance of systems at I/O speeds of 1 Gb/s or better while functioning in harsh conditions, M12 connectors are becoming mandatory.
M12 connectors can be installed in computer systems and sub-systems as push-on/push-off type receptacles or pure screw-type receptacles. Because they have been established as an industrial standard, ruggedized computer manufacturers have the option of working with multiple suppliers. The performance of M12 connectors also surpasses the performance and reliability of traditional connectors while providing increased productivity and cost savings.
Configured for power with Ethernet, M12 interconnects are ideal for
military and aerospace computer systems and sub-system because of their
ability to maintain high I/O performance in harsh environments.
The connectors achieve this by incorporating several key features. This includes a radial-seal and a mechanical-locking design. M12 connectors also feature push-to-lock technology for simple and secure operator-independent connections that reduce connection errors. This includes the reduction of vibration and mechanical shock from loosening that leads to intermittent signals, false data, improper sequencing, and production downtime.
In addition, M12 connectors eliminate connector-related intermittent signals, even in harsh environments. This is a critical feature since fewer intermittent signals mean less downtime and better productivity. M12 connectors also currently function at Ethernet speeds as high as 10 Gb/s.
The M12 connector design:
- Withstands all military environmental challenges, including high shock, high vibration, and extreme temperatures, as well as contamination by dust and sand
- Requires less space on backplane panels compared to 38999 and RJ-45 connectors
- Costs less than 38999 connectors
- Scales to higher speeds using adaptable technology
- Provides simple, secure, operator-independent connections through push-to-lock technology
- Protects against moisture by relying on radial o-ring seals
- Provides option of multiple receptacle types including standard threaded cord sets
- Provides a longer-lasting, high-performance electrical contact with gold-over-palladium/nickel plating design
- Prevents couplers from loosening even under extreme vibration
Rugged M12 connectors and receptacles also feature high-pin-density, which is also important for use in harsh military and aerospace environments. They ensure reliable connections for the control elements within ruggedized computer systems and sub-systems.
As is the case with all technologies that are provided to military and aerospace programs, changing out traditional components for new technology will require patience and diligence from ruggedized computer system and sub-system manufacturers. RJ-45 and 38999 connectors have been relied on for a long time, so getting military and aerospace customers to the point where they feel comfortable with M12 connectors will require some time.
By demonstrating the benefits of systems that generate higher I/O speeds and deliver consistent performance for longer time periods in harsh environments, however, and by showing the important role that M12 connectors play in allowing computer systems to achieve these attributes, manufacturers will eventually win over the military and aerospace decision makers. The end result will be battlefield computing systems that provide more data and faster data to military personnel in the field so that they can be more effective in performing their duties and making the world a safer place to be.
About the author
Ben Jeffrey is Industry Group Manager of Defense and Aerospace Systems for Molex Incorporated. Molex is a leading global manufacturer of electronic, electrical and fiber optic interconnection systems. Based in Lisle, Illinois, USA, the company operates 43 manufacturing locations in 18 countries.
Did you find this article of interest? Then visit Military & Aerospace Designline
, where we update daily with design, technology, product, and news articles tailored to fit your world. Too busy to go every day? Sign up for our newsletter to get the week's best items delivered to your inbox. Just click here
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MUBAS procures surveying equipment
The procured equipment include; Normal Total Station, Robotic Total Station, Global Positioning System (GPS), Laser Scanner and Drones from Leica GeoSystems.
The Head of Department for land Surveying, Chikondi Mphamba explained that, a total station is an optical instrument commonly used in construction, surveying and civil engineering. The uses of normal total station and robotic total station are similar; the only difference is in its functionality during the field work. Robotic total stations allow for more technological convenience.
"Laser scanning is a very efficient survey method to reduce costs. Surveys are realized by a laser scanner, which allows a fast surveying (scanning) of landscapes, structures and their furnishings and arrangements as well as installations," Mphamba added.
In surveying, drones are used to capture aerial data with downward-facing sensors, such as RGB or multispectral cameras and LIDAR payloads. During a drone survey with an RGB camera, the ground is photographed several times from different angles, and each image is tagged with coordinates.
Speaking when receiving the equipment, the Dean of the faculty of Built Environment Gilbert Chilinde explained that programmes in their faculty are more practical than theory, so without the equipment it was very hard for lecturers to deliver lessons effectively.
"We are grateful to management for this advanced expensive equipment which will enable students to work with the latest equipment and increase their skill sets. It will also help them to perform 'hands-on' study of laser scanner, GPS, Total Station and Drone application which in return give them a real edge in the marketplace as they launch their professional surveying careers," said Chilinde.
In her remarks when handing over the equipment, the Acting Vice Chancellor Associate Professor Nancy Chitera advised the staff in the department to make full use of the equipment in making sure that students are getting the best hands-on training.
"My appeal to you is to use these machines to make an impact in the development of the country. As an academia you can use these for consultancy, research and innovation which could also help generate funds for the department," said Associate Professor Chitera.
She further urged them to take proper care of the equipment to ensure sustainability so that it can be used for a long period of time.


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Click on "Download PDF" for the PDF version or on the title for the HTML version.
If you are not an ASABE member or if your employer has not arranged for access to the full-text, Click here for options.
Grinding Performance and Physical Properties of Selected Biomass
Published by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan _URL_: Paper number 026175, 2002 ASAE Annual Meeting . (doi: 10.13031/2013.10464) @2002
Authors: Sudhagar Mani, Lope G. Tabil, Shahab Sokhansanj
Keywords: Hammer mill, wheat straw, barley straw, corn stover, switchgrass, grinding, and physical properties
Biomass residues such as straws, corn stover and energy crop - switchgrass were ground using a hammer mill with three different screen sizes (3.175 mm, 1.588 mm and 0.794 mm) for densification. Energy required for grinding these materials was measured at two different moisture contents. Among the four materials, switchgrass had the highest specific energy requirement to grind using a hammer mill. Corn stover used the least specific energy. Physical properties of ground samples such as moisture content, geometric mean diameter, particle size distribution, bulk and particle densities were determined. Second or third order polynomial models were developed relating bulk and particle densities of ground samples to geometric mean diameter within the range of 1.428 to 0.178 mm. Switchgrass had the highest calorific value and the lowest ash content among the materials used in the experiment.(Download PDF) (Export to EndNotes)


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Features of Fungi Lock
· Prevention of cold-weather damage (Dec to Mar) - Apply before/after flowering
· Prevention of hot-weather damage (Jun~Aug) - A protective layer of wax against strong sunlight (heat waves, high temperatures), excessive heat, and direct sunlight
· Prevention of dehiscent fruits - Apply before rain to prevent excessive moisture absorption
· Excellent effects in preventing fungal infection/spread
· Duration of pesticides prolonged despite rain when mixed with pesticides
Benefits of Fungi Lock
※ During the rainy season, it prevents excessive absorption of water and dehiscent fruits.
※ The protective film of wax is photodegraded after 2-3 weeks and does not remain. Machine oil and paraffin oil do not decompose easily and induce hot-weather damage.
How to Use
(Fruit trees, fruits and vegetables, vegetables)
When to use
Through the entire growth period (frequently)
How to use
Dilute the product at a ratio of 1:1,000 (20ml in 20ℓ of water) and spray on leaves
(*At a ratio of 1:500 ~ 1:1,000 during heatwaves or cold waves)
Precautions for Use/ Storage
· Keep the product from freezing.
· When the product is diluted in water, it may solidify if the water temperature is very low.


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Kokone Mínimo is a website from Mexico designed to introduce children to basic vocabulary and concepts in their native Spanish language. Kokone means children in Náhuatl, one of the original languages of Mexico. Kokone Mínimo is a great site for Spanish language learners because it focuses on common objects and verbs and the language is presented with clear images, audio and written words. Parts of the body, vowels, shapes, colors, opposites – these are just a few of the concepts that children can learn in Spanish with the activities on this site.
The character that appears in the activities is a baby opossum called Tlacuache bebé. The word for opossum in Mexican Spanish is tlacuache. The activities are very simple, so they are a great way to introduce or review Spanish vocabulary. For most of them, to hear the audio, you click on the symbol of an ear on the right. Often there is also a pair of eyes that you click to animate the pictures.
The main menu is a set icons. When you mouse over them, you see the topic at the top of the table in Spanish. Click this link to go to the main menu of Kokone Mínimo. These are the titles and icons with a little information about the activities and the Spanish vocabulary they use.
Asociaciones de parejas / Pair association (umbrella icon)
This section has two parts with images and audio of related words.
Asociaciones de parejas 1: gallina – gallinero, manzana – frutal, marinero – barco, bombero-camión
Asociaciones de parejas 2: abañil – edificio, naranja – jugo, noche – cama, lluvia – paraguas
Primeras asociaciones / First associations (car icon)
This section has two parts with images and audio of related words.
Primeras asociaciones 1: ruedan – autobús, moto, coche, bicicleta; vuelan – avión, cohete, mariposa, pájaro, helicóptero; caminan – pinguino, pato, pollito, tortuga
Primeras asociaciones 2: navegan – galeón, velero, submarino, barco; animales pequeños – ratón, escarabajo, caballito de mar, oruga; tienen muchas patas – hormiga, cangrejo, saltamontes, pulpo
Tlacuache se baña / Tlacuache takes a bath (duck icon)
In this scene, you click on objects in a bathroom scene to see the words and hear them pronounced: toalla, cepillo de dientes, pasta de dientes, tina, jabón, patito, peine.
Los colores / Colors (colors icon)
This section is divided into primary and secondary colors. In the secondary color activity, two colors combine to make a secondary color and an object of that color appears. In both sections, click on the ear to hear the colors pronounced.
Partes de la cara / Parts of the face (Tlacuache's head icon)
There is a face with words around it. When you click on the words, they are pronounced and an arrow goes to that part of the face: ceja, oreja, nariz, boca, cuello, ojo, pelo.
Tlacuache se va a dormir / Tlacuache goes to bed (moon icon)
In this bedroom scene, you click on objects to see the words and hear them pronounced: cama, buró, cobija, almohada, lámpara, interruptor.
¡A comer! / Time to eat (dish and spoon icon)
In this picture of Tlacuache in a highchair, you click on objects to see the word and hear them pronounced: taza, plátano, manzana, plato, silla, babero, cuchara. When you click on the eyes on the right, the picture changes to show several Tlacuaches eating.
Las figuras geométricas / Shapes (shapes icon)
The activity shows shapes which animate into an objects when you click the eyes. The audio pronounces the name of the shape: círculo, cuadrado, triángulo, rectángulo, rombo, óvalo.
Tlacuache te viste / Tlacuache dresses you (clothes icon)
There is a figure of a little boy with the clothes around the figure. Click the clothes and they go on the boy as the word is pronounced and the written word appears: playera, pantalón, tenis, gorra, anteojos.
Las partes del cuerpo / Parts of the body (Tlacuache icon)
There is a figure of a boy with the words around the figure. Click on a word to hear it pronounced. An arrow goes to the body part: pelo, ombligo, pierna, pie, mano, brazo, cara.
Tlacuache juega / Tlacuache plays (toys icon)
Click on the toy to see the word and hear it pronounced: teléfono, osito, carriola, muñeca, tren, barco, pelota, coche, cubos.
Tlacuache sale de viaje / Tlacuache goes on a trip (boat icon)
Click on the vehicles to see them animate and hear them pronounced: avión, barco, coche, tren.
Las vocales / The vowels (letters icon)
This activity teaches the vowels sounds. For each vowel, there are several words with pictures and the words are pronounced.
Animales / Animals (dog icon)
Click on the animal to see the word and hear it pronounced: cerdo, perro, gallina, gato, vaca, perico.
Opuestos / Opposites (sun-moon icon)
This activity is divided into two parts.
Opuestos 1: lejos – cerca, largo – corto, abajo – arriba, día – noche. Click on the eyes to see the words animated. Click on the ear to hear the words pronounced.
Opuestos 2: pocos – muchos, alto – bajo, dentro – fuera. This set has the animation and word on the screen, but there is no audio.
A jugar / Playtime (six dots icon)
This is a set of simple games including playing instruments, doing puzzles and coloring. None of these games are language based. They will be too simple for all but the youngest children.
Las frutas / Fruits (strawberry icon)
Clcik on a fruit in the bowl to see the word and hear it pronounced: plátano, uvas, limón, naranja, fresa, manzana, pera.
Los números / Numbers (number icon)
Use the arrows to move though the numbers 1-10 with pictures and pronunciation.
Diccionario / Dictionary (open book icon)
This is a picture dictionary with wonderful images and sound for each picture. Click on the picture to hear the word pronounced.
The dictionary is divided into these categories:
Animales / Animals
Objetos de la casa / Household objects
Objetos de la escuela / Classroom objects
Objetos del parque / Objects in the park
Juguetes / Toys
Frutas y verduras / Fruits and vegetables
Medios de transporte / Transportation
Tlacua super estrella / Tlacua Super Star (Tlacuache and star icon)
These are short animations, with no audio. They are not language based, but they are excellent for reinforcing the vocabulary from the activities and the basic verbs in the titles.
For example, Tlacuache se baña (Tlacuache takes a bath) uses the bathroom scene from the earlier activity, so that you can use se baña and talk about what you see using the vocabulary. Tlacuache duerme (Tlacuache sleeps) uses the scene from Tlacuache se va a dormir, so you can talk about what you see in the bedroom. The same is true for Tlacuache come (Tlacuache eats). Only Tlacuache y la mariposa (Tlacuache and the butterfly) does not have a setting that includes vocabulary from the other activities.
There is a menu bar at the bottom of the screen with the words Juega, Conoce, and Diviértete. These words take you to activities that are in the main menu.
Juega take you to the set of games in A jugar. These games are not language based.
Conoce goes to Asociaciones de parejas.
Diviértete takes you to the animations in Tlacua super estrella.


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Craig McClenaghan Architecture is a dynamic design studio in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Established in 2016, the studio pursues an interest in contemporary architectural design and includes architecture, master-planning, exhibition development, interiors and landscape, often involving multidisciplinary collaborations with researchers, writers, artists, and curators. Craig's prior experience at Mashabane Rose Associates established an interest in narrative heritage projects, and between 2003 and 2016 Craig worked on several 'cultural' building and exhibition projects including the Origins Centre (2005), Liliesleaf (2008), Golden Gate Dinosaur Museum (2009), Trevenna Commercial Campus (2010), Laager Theatre (2015) and Engraved Rock Gallery (2016) as well as several large-scale design competitions such as the Canadian Museum for Human Rights, Spier Arts Centre, Lebone ii College of the Royal Bafokeng, Pan African Parliament and Anglo American 'Re-Invention.'
A strong relationship between drawing and making is encouraged in the studio's creative ethos and a broad spectrum of content is explored through photography, collage and drawing. In addition to the production of rigorous digital architectural drawing, Craig's abstract technical hand drawings use text, line and repetition as a construction methodology through which to explore, translate and represent.
Craig teaches periodically at the University of Johannesburg's Post-Graduate School of Architecture (GSA) and has been a regular guest lecturer, competition adjudicator and external examiner at the University of Witwatersrand's Faculty of Architecture and Planning.


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Core Practice: Throughlines
"To be a Christ person is to be a Kingdom person. Working in the Kingdom is our way of life." Cornelius Plantinga.
What a complex challenge to imagine what it is to be a "peculiar" person in God's story! TfT has identified 10 biblical throughlines to help us imagine who we are as peculiar people. When schools invite students to actively contribute to the formation of Christian culture, we need to challenge each student to develop Kingdom-building characteristics. These biblical characteristics help us all, teachers and students, to understand what our roles are, what our calling is. Throughlines shift the learning focus away from
"what" the student needs to know, to
"who" the student is called to be.


Wikipedia has an article on:
From French microcosme, from Latin microcosmus, from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, small) + κόσμος (kósmos, world).
microcosm (plural microcosms)
 1. Human nature or the human body as representative of the wider universe; man considered as a miniature counterpart of divine or universal nature. [from 15th c.]
 - 1972, Rolf Soellner, Shakespeare's Patterns of Self-Knowledge, Chapter 3: Microcosm and Macrocosm: Framing The Picture of Man, page 43:
 The Christian humanists were emphatic in their demand that a man who wishes to understand himself must realize that he is a little world that reflects on a smaller scale the larger world of the universe. [] On the other hand, the whole idea of man as a microcosm was questioned by those who were not in sympathy with the Christian humanists.
 2. (obsolete) The human body; a person. [17th-19th c.]
 3. A smaller system which is seen as representative of a larger one. [from 17th c.]
 - 1999, Barry McIntyre, The Guardian, 16 Dec 1999:
 'In a sense, the problems experienced at Bristol are like a microcosm of what is happening in the NHS - experienced surgeons battling against difficult circumstances, with inadequate resources and in a culture where the finding of scapegoats appears to be put before the finding of solutions.'
 Steve Bruce's side have swung from highs to lows in what has been at best a wildly inconsistent start to the season. They experienced a microcosm of this within the opening 45 minutes at the Stadium of Light.
 4. (ecology) A small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model. [from 19th c.]
 - 2009, Jerry C. Smrchek, Maurice G. Zeeman, Chapter 3: Assessing Risks to Ecological Systems from Chemicals, Peter P. Calow (editor), Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management, page 53:
 The method is relatively labour intensive (24-30 microcosms are run) and more difficult to interpret when compared with other microcosm methods (Shannon et al. 1986; Cairns & Cherry 1993).
 - (smaller system representative of a larger one): worldkin
Alternative formsEdit
Borrowing from French microcosme.
microcosm n (plural (rare) microcosmuri)
 1. microcosm


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Como Temperar Pernil De Porco – Pork is so popular in Brazil that, in addition to being widely consumed throughout the year, it has become a tradition for special occasions such as Christmas and New Years. Despite its popularity for twelve months of the year, many people (including the super talented in the kitchen) aren't sure how to eat pork chops.
The preparation of this meat requires very basic care so that the dish is not dry and juicy. But we have made progress: there is no mystery, it is simple, you must follow our separate recipe. Wondering how to season Shanks? So check it out!
Como Temperar Pernil De Porco
There are still many questions about pork, especially when it comes to health. A large percentage of people think that it is a fattening type of meat, and besides, it carries diseases. Is this all true? Clear your doubts before checking our tips on how to adjust your knife handle:
Receita De Pernil De Porco Assado Com Laranja
It depends. Pork can indeed transmit diseases (such as cysticercosis), but only in specific circumstances: when animals are raised under poor hygiene and inadequate diet. To avoid this, always look for meat with a Sanitation Guard stamp of approval. In addition, it is important to cook, fry or bake food at a temperature of 70 ° C, and eating raw pork is also not recommended.
Myth. The act of washing meat, whether it's pork, beef, or chicken, only removes what you see—that is, if the meat is contaminated, it's useless. Also, washing the meat may be a new way to decontamination of the shank.
It depends. Many people think that pork is always "fattier" than beef, which is not true. It all depends on the cut of pork—some like tenderloin may have less fat than chicken. So it's all about choosing the right one.
Myth. Despite its "white" appearance, pork is actually red meat. Its lighter color is because it contains less myoglobin than beef, the protein that gives meat its red color when exposed to oxygen. However, it is still red meat.
Melhores Receitas De Pernil De Porco
In addition to checking the source of your pork chops, it's important to always store them in the refrigerator (or freezer) on the highest setting possible when you're not going to prepare them right away.
Even before seasoning the meat and cooking, it is important to refrigerate the meat for 24 hours until it is dry. Since this is a very large piece, there is a risk of crusting inside if frozen during preparation.
The biggest secret of this preparation is to use good spices. So the secret is to use Sasoning Sazón® Toque de Alecrim, which contains ingredients such as chives, chives, garlic, salt and rosemary, which combine perfectly with the pork and give the dish a refreshing aroma and taste.
It is important to allow the ham to soak in to absorb the flavors. Add your desired meat, spices and juices to a bowl and marinate in the fridge for at least 3 hours (the longer the better). The handle will be soft and the flavor will be strong.
Bife De Porco Recheado: Veja Como Preparar
Complementing the previous technique, drill along the entire length of the shank. They allow the marinade to penetrate the meat more easily, making it well seasoned and juicy.
Place the meat in the oven, wrapped in a baking bag or covered with aluminum foil, this will help keep the steam in the container and keep the shakes juicy. Once the meat is done roasting, return the uncovered ham to the oven to bake for a few minutes until the meat is golden brown.
Now that you know how to season ham, check out the three recipes we've shared below so you can have everyone asking for more of this delicious meat:
The first tip is for those who prefer a classic version of this dish. With this recipe and following the tips we gave you earlier, you will enjoy a family lunch. This dish is ready in two hours (in addition to the three hours required to marinate the meat) and serves an irresistible seven.
Como Temperar Lombo De Porco Com Vinho Branco?
Is there some more in the calf? Take this opportunity to use this recipe to make a ham sandwich and give this meat a new twist at your next meal. So your dishes are different, tasty and, of course, functional. This sandwich is ready in 15 minutes, makes six servings, and can be served as a main course!
For those of you who want to do less work while cooking and want to boost your ingredients, you can rely on this recipe. Pernil meat cooked in cubes should be pickled for 24 hours. Therefore, it is perfect for those who like to prepare lunch everyday. Roast pork leg is an excellent choice for Christmas dinner. Its meat is tasty and fragrant, and the combination of spices can highlight the taste.
We've picked our favorite pork spice recipe here. This combination is simple, with ingredients we have at home, and the flavors are unique.
The method is also very simple, the meat is crispy on the outside and juicy on the inside. Everything is going well, right?
Receita De Pernil De Porco Ao Vinho
Following this recipe, we have selected 19 delicious versions. They range from mild to spicy. Choose your favorite and Bon Appetit!
Here we have a collection of really good recipes for baked ham for different types of meat. And a collection of simple and easy pressure cooker pork and stuffed pork tenderloin recipes.
For those who love the smell of BBQ meat, we also have a great option for you. So be sure to try this delicious pork dressing on roast for an amazing smoky flavor.
You must know this perfect recipe which is not only practical but also very easy for everyone to make at home. Check out the ingredient list and steps described in the video, there is no mystery.
Pernil Ao Molho Próprio E Cebolinhas
Basically mix the items in a blender and shank until it's very uniform. This is delicious.
This recipe will teach you how to make a knife handle like no other. The whole ham is cleaned, not peeled, and seasoned from the inside out, just like you would make stuffing.
You can put soy sauce, tomato to keep the meat moist; A little pepper and onion. Do the same with the other spices in the video. You will love it.
It's time to use this wine for a wonderful recipe that will please the whole family. This super traditional recipe is very easy to make. Use enough light red wine to keep the chickpeas very moist.
Pernil Assado Com Mostarda
It finally absorbs all the spices and gets roasted. It's simple, isn't it? ! Check it out in your home.
It has a delicious spice that you will never forget. It's a delicious combination, but you can eat it with other items if you like.
Mix everything with shanks until completely soaked, put beer and marinate for a while. Finally, move to the oven and enjoy the beauty.
Now let's look at the ingredients for the dressing: lemon; black pepper; garlic; Butter; Bacon and olives. Now check the preparation mode in the video. Very practical.
Como Temperar Pernil Para O Natal? Veja Como Deixar O Prato Mais Delicioso
Countryman flavor is fantastic, don't you think? ! So let's learn a version with a family flavor.
It requires oranges, lemons, olive oil, onions, salt, garlic; parsley and chives; Broth and, of course, boneless ham. Check out the steps for this delicious baked ham with perfect seasoning and make it at home. This will work.
Pernil is always elegant to pair with wine. This recipe will teach you step by step how to prepare this delicious meat for a special event or Christmas dinner.
Check the ingredient list, it's easy to find, and follow the steps to get your ham crispy on the outside and soft on the inside with the special flavor of white wine. will love
Pernil De Porco Assado Com Chimichurri E Legumes
With this recipe, you'll learn how to serve ham with a melt-in-your-mouth roast. The skin is crispy and delicious.
It is worth remembering that it is very important to let the shanks marinate for a while to absorb all the flavors. Check out everything in the video and check it out at home.
Everyone knows that dinner is one of the best family gatherings during Christmas.
And that's why I bring you a wonderful ham recipe for Christmas to surprise and love. Learn how to keep this meat well-seasoned and juicy without drying out and toughening up.
Como Temperar Pernil Usando Cerveja
Pork leg roast with oranges is a practical and super easy recipe. In addition, it is delicious with orange tropical flavors.
Sear and marinate the shanks to absorb all the spices, then toss
Como temperar file de frango grelhado, como cocinar pernil puertorriqueno, como temperar carne, como temperar costela de porco para assar na brasa, como temperar frango para assar no forno inteiro, como temperar, como temperar carne para churrasco, como temperar


The incoming treasurer should discuss with the former treasurer the status of current fundraising activities, what money is available to be spent versus what is owed, and the bylaws as they relate to the treasurer's responsibilities.
The treasurer is responsible for:
 1. Ensuring that the PTA's/PTSA financial records are reviewed according to the bylaws before assuming his or her duties.
 2. Ensuring three authorized signatures are on file at the bank for financial transactions; these signatures are usually that of the current president and treasurer, and one other officer as an alternate (no two check signers should be from the same household.
 3. Obtaining two authorized signatures on every check;
 4. Collecting all money from persons delegated to collect or to raise funds during a local unit activity, and providing a written receipt for those funds;
 5. Promptly depositing all money in the name of the local unit in a bank account approved by the board;
 6. Maintaining an accurate record of all receipts and disbursements;
 7. Obtaining authorization from the board before writing a check or spending money;
 8. Remitting, by check, all authorized bills, and statements as prescribed in the bylaws;
 9. Submitting a written financial statement at each board meeting and at each general membership meeting;
 10. Chairing the Budget Committee and preparing the annual budget as prescribed in bylaws;
 11. Reporting income and expenses as compared with the budget;
 12. Ensuring an audit, financial review or compilation is done in accordance with the bylaws, state PTA requirements, and the PTA's business practice;
 13. Preparing an annual report to be used to review PTA/PTSA financial records; and
 14. If your unit is a 501(c)(3), ensure the filing of the PTA's/PTSA 990 report to the IRS.
The PTA/PTSA Finance Quick Reference Guide will help orient the treasurer to his or her main areas of responsibility.
Reference Article 6 Section 6.10 for more information


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Determine if gpuArray or CUDAKernel is available on GPU
TF = existsOnGPU(DATA)
TF = existsOnGPU(DATA) returns a logical value indicating
whether the gpuArray or CUDAKernel object represented by
still present on the GPU and available from your MATLAB session. The result is
DATA is no longer valid and
cannot be used. Such arrays and kernels are invalidated when the GPU device has been
reset with any of the following:
reset(dev) % Where dev is the current gpuDevice gpuDevice(ix) % Where ix is valid index of current or different device gpuDevice() % With an empty argument (as opposed to no argument)
Create a gpuArray on the selected GPU device, then reset the device. Query array's existence and content before and after resetting.
g = gpuDevice(1); M = gpuArray(magic(4)); M_exists = existsOnGPU(M)
M % Display gpuArray
16 2 3 13 5 11 10 8 9 7 6 12 4 14 15 1
reset(g); M_exists = existsOnGPU(M)
M % Try to display gpuArray
Data no longer exists on the GPU.


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Press Release:-Increased wave actions, intensified storms, receding coastlines and disappearing beaches have made it difficult for even the biggest critic to ignore the impacts of climate change on Small Island Developing States like Saint Lucia. According to the Saint Lucia National Trust's (SLNT) Director, Mr. Bishnu Tulsie, a few years after the development of the causeway to join Pigeon Island to the mainland in the 1970s the coastline receded some 20 meters.
Therefore, with the help of the Department of Economic Planning a study was commissioned in 2009 and a few measures implemented over the years to arrest this issue. Seven years later a major project entitled "Increasing the resilience to Climate Change and
Natural Hazards, and reducing the rate of coastal erosion for Pigeon Island National Landmark (PINL) and Pointe Sable Environmental Protection Area (PSEPA) through Beach Stabilisation, Restoration & Enhancement" has been launched.
The project is financed by the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC or 5Cs) in partnership with the German Development Bank (KfW) under the Local Adaptation Measures (LAMs) Grant Scheme.
Also addressing the launch on February 17th was Dr. Ulrike Krauss, National Coordinator for the Implementation Consultant, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Dr. Krauss stated that this was a regional project involving Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia and Jamaica and that Saint Lucia was participating with two projects at four intervention sites.
She said, "PSEPA is important to the ecology of the island and I'm glad to see some of the tour guides, restaurateurs, hoteliers, private sector service providers here as this area provides many eco-tourism opportunities, which support many livelihoods based on the natural beauty of the area."
The Southern Tourism Development Corporation (STDC) is the main project partner that will be working with the Trust to execute the project in the south of the island. The Corporation's Chairman, Dr. Anderson Reynolds also addressed the opening ceremony, noting that like the PINL, the PSEPA is worthy of the National Landmark status, considering the alluring landscape and seascape which include Moule-a-Chique, Maria Islands and the bluish green waters of the Atlantic.
The Trust is thankful to the then Ministry of Sustainable Development, Energy, Science and Technology for bringing the 5Cs Project to its attention and for supporting the submission of the project proposal. Ms. Valerie Leon, Acting Permanent Secretary in the Department of Sustainable Development commended the SLNT and STDC for coming forward as true stewards of the environment. She reminded the audience that while government has a responsibility to create an enabling environment and mobilize resources, citizens must take responsibility of managing resources on which their livelihoods depend.
The project launch, which was held at the Trust's southern office located at the Maria Islands Interpretation Center, was preceded by a stakeholders' meeting on February 10th at the PINL. Both activities, which included site visits within PINL and PSEPA, gave stakeholders an opportunity to learn more about the project and its implementation plan.


a water resistant ink like Stazon if you are stamping images.
 9. You can photo tint a picture. Pick up the color you want to apply with a paint brush and apply it to the photo. Allow the photo to dry before handling it.
Distress Ink Tutorials
How Distress Inks And Distress Oxide Inks Compare
Distress Oxide Ink Pads
Distress oxide inks are known by their gret case. They come only in 3" by 3" size
Distress Oxide Inks
Simply out, distress oxide inks are a combination of dye ink and pigment inks that oxide whenever they are near water.
Oxidation is what happens when the ink is applied to the surface and water is applied. The spots that appear after the water is applied has more saturated color. When the color and the water dry it has a chalky appearance.
You can use them with distress inks. They are compatible. The shades might not match exactly/ But they will give you a very distinct look.
It tends to be a little thicker than other inks. Because of the thickness of the ink, it tends to dry slower. You can use a heat tool to quicken the drying process.
The layers lay on top of each other to create a unique color combination.
This combination ink is not translucent which means that you are not able to see through it easily. The colors may be less vibrant and lighter than other inks.
They are available in the 3" by 3 " sizes only. The color of the ink pad container is grey.
Ways To Use Oxide Inks
Like distress inks, oxide inks have uses that make them a must have for any paper crafter.
 1. You can blend themone of the better things about oxide inks is that they blend faster than distress inks.
 2. The oxide inks react with water. When water is applied you get a droplet effect or a milky tone.
 3. Like distress inks, you can do water color techniques with oxide inks
 4. Oxide inks are good for stamping-especially for backgrounds. Distress inks are not effective for stamping. Rub the oxide ink all over a background stamp. Stamp right away.
 5. You can layer with oxide inks. Since the oxide inks don not get muddy, they layer perfectly.
 6. Use them with stencils-They give a crisp image
 7. Create a background. from the ink pad place ink from three colors on a craft mat. Slide a card through. Dry between layers. Create as many layers as you want to.
 8. Use them to color die cuts-make sure to spread evenly
Distress Oxide Ink Colors
The colors of the oxide inks ;look terrific on darker backgrounds
The colors of the oxide inks ;look terrific on darker backgrounds
The color difference on the container makes it easy to tell the difference
Mixing Your Oxide Inks
Add some color to a craft mat, but keep them separate. Spritz droplets of water and run some cardstock through the color. Dry with a craft dyer and watch the color blend. Add more color if you want. You can add as many layers as you want! Just keep drying in between layers! There are endless combinations.
Oxide Inks Blend Nicely
Oxide Ink colors blend well. A blending tool is the perfect way to get a seamless blend
Tim Holtz Demos Oxide Inks
Oxide Ink Bundles
The colors of the oxide inks work beautifully on craft and dark papers
Introduction To Oxide Inks
The Ink Pad Physical Differences
Like the distress inks, the oxide ink pads are both felt pads.( In other pigment pads, you might find a more spongy material in the pad). The only real difference is that the oxide ink pads covers and bases are grey. This helps people like me who get involved in the project and forget which one they picked up. Also helps in organizing your ink pads
Do you have oxide inks?
Oxide Ink Tag
Oxide inks make vivid backgrounds
Oxide inks make vivid backgrounds
Stamping With Distress Oxide Inks
Different Blending Tool Options
Blending Tools-Must Haves
If you are working with distress or oxide inks then a blending tool set is a must have in your craft space. The pads on my tools set come off and on like Velcro. I store my pads with my inks so that they are reusable. That way I have one pad per color
Foam Daubers
Foam daubers are often used to blend both distress inks and distress oxide inks. There are two different types. One is a larger piece of foam attached to a handle. The other is a piece of foam with a plastic piece that fits over your finger. It is smaller.
They are considered more disposable. The larger ones, however can be saved. I would label them with the color used and store them.
The smaller dauber is perfect when you are creating things like color rainbows;
Blending Tools
The main tool used to blend these inks are blending tools. These tools have a wooden or plastic handle. At the end of the handle is a piece of tough velcro. The pad that blends is attached to the tool. They come in round, square and even domed. blending tools.
With the square and round blending tool there is a chance that you might get edges appearing on your project if you are not careful.
The domed version of this tool eliminates the harsh edges that you may get with other tools, It seems to distribute the ink better as you blend.
Stencil Brushes
Stencil brushes are efficient tools for blending both the distress and the distress oxide inks especially when you are using stencils. You can use the stencil brush to add detail and dimension. They add highlights and brush strokes that you would not get from the other tools.
Tightly Woven Cosmetic Like Brushes
These are probably my favorite blending brushes of all. They look like sets of cosmetic brushes. They are a little more subtle. So while they work beautifully, you may have to apply several coats of color if you want a bright look
Sizzix Blending Tool
Sizzix has recently come out with a new blending tool that has more than one use. It is a stylus that has a knife attachement, a tip to cap off the end of the stylus as well as a tool that will scuff up the edges of the paper. You can buy the blending brush attachment also. The nice thing about this tool, is that you can load blending heads on both sides of the stylus.
Blending Tips
 1. Always start blending off the paper and work onto it as you blend
 2. Store your removeable pads with a little velcro under your ink pad to save time and money
 3. Always put the lid on your distress and oxide inks as soon as you are finished with the color
Oxide Inks Are Meant To Be Blended
Oxide inks blend well with water-don't get muddy
Oxide inks blend well with water-don't get muddy
Embossing With Distress And Oxide Inks
The exciting thing about both these inks is that you can emboss with both these inks. You will have to work a little quicker with the distress inks as they tend to dry somewhat faster, but it is in fact possible to use both inks to emboss with.
Since they both have such rich colors, you will want to use clear embossing powder. This is perfect, since you are limited only in color by the amount of colors of distress and oxide inks you have in your stash.
 - Cardstock
 - Scrap paper
 - Distress and oxide inks
 - Embossing bag
 - Stamps of your choice
 - Clear embossing powder
 - Heat tool
 1. Go over your cardstock with the embossing bag. This tool will keep any loose powder from staying on your project
 2. Stamp your image with either the distress ink or the oxide ink in the color of your choice.
 3. Set your stamped image on top pf the scrap paper.
 4. Cover the stamped image with a layer of clear embossing powder. Make sure that the entire image is covered with the embossing powder.
 5. Pick up the coated stamped image and gently tap off any excess powder
 6. Use the scrap paper like a funnel and replace any left over embossing powder back into the container
 7. Hold your image by the corner. Lift it up and apply the heat tool to the back of the image as well as the front. Get close to the image so that the heat activates the powder and cures it. You can use a long handled tweezer to hold the paper.
 8. You will notice that the image will start changing color. Make sure all of the image is heated through.
 9. Allow it to cool down. It is now ready to use.
Differences In Storing Oxide Inks Vs Distress Inks
One thing to consider is the difference in storing these two types of inks.
Distress inks can be stored flat or on their sides.
Oxide inks must be stored flat. If they are stored on their side, the pigment will puddle on the pad


text:
to evoke within the game. We hope that the game evokes a sense of nostalgia by encouraging players to discuss the plentiful conditions of the early game. Players take on the role of a haenyeo family and "live" through the 20th century, making decisions about their family's future. The different eras serve as a framework for players to view the history of the divers. Linda Hutcheon, in reflecting on the tension of power and irony in nostalgia, describes the irreplicable feeling of longing and an emotional response to "deprivation, loss, and mourning."24 Nostalgia for something that our players have never experienced, in our case, would resemble the bittersweet feelings of a family divided across generations and a sense of serene tragedy. Although the sea is a space of work, the haenyeo's profession extends far inland. In preparing the catch and making food for the family, there is an inter-generational connection deeply rooted in being a haenyeo. While some haenyeo continued their work out a simple love for the sea, others emphasized the practical rewards of their work. For example, fishing was simply a practical way to provide a better future for their children.25 We tried to recreate inter-generational tensions by highlighting how diving was both a means to economic advancement, yet also a path of planned obsolescence.
The story of the haenyeo and South Korean history is not a happy one. In South Korea, this sense of impending tragedy has been characterized by the conception of han, the thorough and deep awareness of sadness. Perhaps the board game version of This War of Mine(2017)26 best captures the emotion of tragic serenity we aimed to evoke. Players familiar with the video game of This War of Mine (2014)27 expect a journey of hard ethical decisions that always inevitably ends in doom. When we played the board game, having this narrative expectation instilled a kind of serenity and acceptance. We as players knew, even when we were making the best available decisions, that we were headed for defeat. Mermaids of Iedo seeks to address a similar sentiment: the precarious nature of cultural practices.
We really wanted the game to evoke a sense of fracture with how it presented the generational divide. In developing the family tree layout, we looked to Crusader Kings II (2012)28 as an exemplar. In Crusader Kings II players take on the role of dynastic families rising and falling in the ranks of European empires in the Middle Ages. Players balance the immediate concerns of their character against the larger health of the family across centuries of time. While for much of the game, the player makes choices based on what they want for their current character, the play objective necessarily shifts at some point to making decisions that will establish an effective dynasty for the player's family. At some point, the unrelenting progression of time requires that the current character make sacrifices in service of their enduring legacy. In Mermaids of Iedo, player choices during shore phase affect their lives and their family members' lives.
Nostalgia is a difficult emotion to capture. Although we attempted to capture it by evoking a sense of generational character development in our game, the game's larger goal of telling the story of the haenyeo may ultimately draw an audience that is unfamiliar and therefore not nostalgic about the story told.
History and Context
Finally, and arguably most important to the design of the game, was the sense of family and history as a fundamental part of the haenyeo's experience. The social effects of the history of Jeju impacted all citizens. While the time inside the water was a period of meditative slowness and uniformity of experience for the haenyeo practitioners, their lives ashore included the everyday struggles of child rearing, family dynamics, and community political gossip. Haenyeo were not only colleagues in the water, but a community of women who talked while farming or preparing food ashore.
Captured primarily through the event cards in each shore phase, the historical context has been integrated as a primary storytelling and framing aspect of the game. We envisioned this in a two phase time-spatialization, where activities on shore furthered the timeline. The constancy of the sea phase creates a uniformity of experience for the haenyeo practitioners, and drives events and opportunities resolved in the shore phase. Meanwhile, the daily happenings of shore phase influence which characters participated in the sea phase. Both everyday life events and larger historical movements had to be captured within these storytelling mechanics–balancing these elements has been an ongoing struggle.
In the process of creating a history of the haenyeo, we were heavily influenced by how Crusader Kings II and Freedom: The Underground Railroad (2012)29 represent different historical periods. In Crusader Kings II, the duality of current individual needs and longer term family needs helped us develop how players in Mermaids of Iedo must also balance the present and the future of their families and community. Freedom, set during the Abolitionist movement of the American Antebellum era, inspired us to deviate from the calendar's typical decade interval and to design around uneven periods instead. In escaping the uniformity of time, the game was able to focus on the events that created family and cultural bonds, as evidenced by those living through the Japanese Colonial period, the Korean War, or the Korean Democracy movement. For players this means that events are placed in the context of family members who lived through these times as opposed to living between marks on a calendar. Our goal in telling this histroy was to capture the emotions behind influential events in haenyeo history and situate this within larger events affecting the South Korean nation and peninsula as a whole.
Mermaids of Iedo is a game still in development. In this essay we have focused discussing how we approached the design of intangible things like, environmentalism, temporality, nostalgia, and history in the the mechanics of the game. Mermaids of Iedo attempts to capture a cultural experience. While the game does not depict the experience of every family living on Jeju, or perhaps even the experience of a single one, it does capture a facsimile of the experience of being a haenyeo family in the 1900s. And while the qualitative experience of designing and iterating through versions of the game cannot be fully and concisely transmitted, the process of designing emotional experiences in games by documenting the intentions, inspirations and decisions of this particular game design experience can. We hope that our work allows others interested in serious games to glean some of what we have learned about the game the design process.
As researchers, our goal was to explore the process of developing a serious game and how designer choices create emotional experiences as well as educational outcomes. As designers, our goal was to create a game that celebrated the haenyeo of Jeju Island while drawing attention to the fragility of their practices. As we worked through incorporating our selected themes, we discovered that various aspects of design, such as periods of silence, can emphasize emotional connections. Attempting to capture the essence of this cultural practice required a much broader interaction with the history and community that the haenyeo lived in. While we could have made a game that focused on the mechanics of the diving women, that game would have been bereft of the emotional richness behind the practice. Meanwhile, characteristics that we presumed at first to be important could be reasonably abstracted–details such as how seasons influenced the resources of the sea faded in comparison to the unfolding of how larger historical events impacted the family. We hope our serious game is hopefully able to represent historical narratives and provide an awareness of how the precarity of the environment affected the livelihood of families. Other thematic goals, such as a meditative slowness and a nostalgic affect, were unfortunately more difficult to implement.
Featured image by Chosun Bimbo 2 _USER_ CC BY.
This essay was written by William Dunkel and Minerva Wu.
William Dunkel is a PhD student in the Department of Informatics at the University of California, Irvine. He is interested in how games can be designed to further informal learning, globalization and play, as well as media ventriloquism. His past work has looked at sonic representation in Overwatch, temporal constructions of play, and the state of the Korean game industry. William earned his MA in Korean Studies from Korea University, and is currently revisiting the Warring States period of Japan by playing Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice.
Minerva Wu is an Informatics doctoral student at the University of California, Irvine interested in what happens to players cognitively during gameplay, and how design elements make games fun and conducive to learning. Current projects investigate student learning of academic and social-emotional content in games and game communities.


Suppose we have a coin flipping game involving $n$ players. In each round everyone still playing flips a fair coin, and the players whose coin comes up tails are eliminated. The game continues until at most one player is still alive, and they are declared the winner.
Now, it is possible that the game does not end with a winner (e.g. if $n=2$ and both players get tails on their first flip). Let $f(n)$ denote the probability that a game with $n$ players has a winner. We have $f(0)=0$ and $f(1)=1$. For $n>1$ it follows from considering the binomial distribution that $$f(n) = \sum_{k=0}^{n}\frac{\binom{n}{k}}{2^{n}} f(k) $$ (Here $\binom{n}{k}/(2^n)$ represents the probability $k$ players survive the current round), which can be rearranged as $$f(n) = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{\binom{n}{k}}{2^n-1} f(k)$$ Using this formula we can compute $f(n)$ recursively.
$$\begin{array}{cc} n & f(n) \\ 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 2/3 \\ 3 & 5/7 \\ 4 & 76/105 \\ 5 & 157/217 \\ \vdots & \vdots \\ 20 & 0.7213 \end{array}$$ The sequence of numerators doesn't seem to be in OEIS, nor does the sequence $a_n=f(n)(2^n-1)(2^{n-1}-1)\dots(3)(1)$ from clearing all the denominators in the recursion.
Is there a way of analytically determine the limit (if it exists) of $f(n)$ as $n$ goes to infinity? It seems from calculation to be about $0.7213$, though I'm not confident in digits beyond that due to error propagation as the recursion continues.
 - $\begingroup$ It may be $\frac{1}{2\ln(2)}$. This is the only reasonable number in the OEIS that agrees with the first four digits of $0.7213$. $\endgroup$ – Varun Vejalla Aug 9 '19 at 0:05
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ A closed form expression for $\ f(n)\ $ for $\ n\ge 2 $ is $$ f(n)= n2^{-n} + \frac{n}{2}\sum_\limits{k=1}^{n-1}{n-1\choose k}\frac{\left(-1\right)^{k-1}\left(2^k-1\right)}{2^k\left(2^{k+1}-1\right)}\.$$ $\endgroup$ – lonza leggiera Aug 9 '19 at 6:50
 - $\begingroup$ Could you elaborate on how you obtained the recurrence relation $f(n) = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{\binom{n}{k}}{2^n-1} f(k)$? From your description...represents the probability 𝑘 players survive the current round... it seems that you confused the round of flipping with the "round" of recurrence regarding a change in the remaining number of players. $\endgroup$ – Lee David Chung Lin Aug 15 '19 at 4:13
 - $\begingroup$ Let $A_k$ be the event that exactly $k$ out of the $n$ players get heads. Then we have $$P(\textrm{win}) = \sum_{k=0}^n P(A_k) P (\textrm{win } | A_k).$$ The probability of $A_k$ is $\frac{\binom{n}{k}}{2^n}$, and the probability of winning given $A_k$ is $f(k)$. $\endgroup$ – Kevin P. Costello Aug 15 '19 at 7:11
The limit of $f(n)$ as $n$ goes to infinity does not exist.
Suppose that $n$ is large. Then we can choose an integer $k$ such that $n = 2^k x$ with $1 \leq x < 2$. What is the probability of winning starting at $n$?
Let us say that we win at step $k+m$ if at step $k+m$ there is only one player, but their next coin flip is tails. That is half the probability that at step $k+m$ there is only one player left. But if $k$ is large, the odds of there being one player left is approximated by the Poisson Distribution with $\lambda = 2^m x$. Therefore the probability of winning is approximately $\sum_{m = -\infty}^{\infty} 0.5 * (2^m x) * e^{- 2^m x}$.
It isn't too hard to see that this sum converges, and it is easy to calculate it with a short program. If we calculate this for $x = 1.0$ we get $0.721352103337$. For $x = 1.5$ we get $0.721346354574$. The difference is around $0.00000574876$ and is far larger than calculation error. And therefore the probability keeps bouncing around in a range that includes these values and so can't converge.
 - $\begingroup$ Although the values do bounce around a bit, I am 99% certain that $f(n)$ does converge. I checked up to $n = 300$ and found a certain pattern. $f(n)$ increases for a bit, then decreases for a bit. Each time, the interval length gets lowered a bit. For example, $f(8) \approx 0.72092$ is a local min. From there, it increases until $f(13) \approx 0.72147$. From there, it decreases until $f(19) \approx 0.72129$, which is greater than $f(8)$. $\endgroup$ – Varun Vejalla Aug 9 '19 at 2:09
 - $\begingroup$ In short, the lower bound increases and the upper bound decreases. $\endgroup$ – Varun Vejalla Aug 9 '19 at 2:10
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ The pattern that I pointed out is a bouncing around between $2^k$ to $1.5 * 2^k$ and back again for $2^{k+1}$. The estimate that it is based on gets more accurate the larger $k$ is. Along the sequence $n = 2^k$ you converge to one limit, and the sequence $n = 3 * 2^k$ converges to a different one that is about $0.00000574876$ smaller. $\endgroup$ – btilly Aug 9 '19 at 3:44
 - $\begingroup$ In short, I've described the asymptotic behavior. You're guessing based on numerical experiments with small $n$. $\endgroup$ – btilly Aug 9 '19 at 3:46
 - $\begingroup$ I think I see my problem. I assumed that the lower bound and upper bound converge to the same number, when in fact the lower bound converges to $L$ and the upper bound converges to $U$, $L


text:
Columbia College — 1851 to 2013
|John Augustus Williams,
first president of
Christian Female College
|Class of 1857|
|1889 Senior class with
President William Oldham
|Missouri Hall, 1920s|
|Alumna Deborah Bryant,
Miss America 1966
|Launer Auditorium, 2000|
On January 18, 1851, Christian Female College received its charter from the Missouri Legislature, making it the first women's college west of the Mississippi River to be chartered by a state legislature.
The city of Columbia strongly supported female education partly because the University of Missouri did not yet admit women. The college has been affiliated by covenant with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) since its inception, yet it has always been a nonsectarian school welcoming students of all religious affiliations.
Back in 1851, a typical day for the students started at 6 a.m. The ladies took a morning walk then gathered for chapel. They attended classes until late afternoon then wrote a daily composition. After they studied and did chores, the students attended a Bible lecture every evening. They studied arithmetic, ancient history, grammar, ancient geography, philosophy, five books of Moses and composition. By 1856, there were 150 students, including 85 boarders.
When the Civil War gripped the nation, Christian College President Joseph K. Rogers vowed to keep the school open and he did, thanks to faculty who stayed on knowing they might not be paid.
During the war, President Rogers insisted the college remain neutral and did not allow newspapers on the grounds, but privately he read them. As the fighting continued, so did the fight for the college's survival. Only three students graduated in 1862 and four the following year. But Christian College never missed a day of classes. After the war, Christian College saw its largest enrollment to date with 182 students taught by nine faculty members.
Luella St. Clair, a "steam engine in petticoats," served three different terms as president of the college between 1893 and 1920 and was one of the first female college presidents in the country.
During her administration, she spearheaded the construction of four new buildings — St. Clair Hall, Dorsey Hall, Launer Auditorium and Missouri Hall — all of which are still in use today. She also doubled the size of the faculty, held the first Ivy Chain ceremony, launched a college magazine, created a college orchestra, started a women's basketball team and implemented a bold new cap-and-gown uniform, which the students wore whenever they were in public.
She also changed the college from a four-year school to one of the first accredited junior colleges in the country.
In the late 1960s, Christian College, like many other small private colleges, faced declining enrollments. So the college did what it has always done when faced with adversity — it changed with the times. In 1970 the college changed from a two-year all-female college to a four-year coeducational college and changed its name to Columbia College. For the first time in the school's history, men and women sat side-by-side in the classrooms and men began participating in the time-honored Ivy Chain ceremony.
In 1973, at the request of the military, the college began educating military personnel, making it one of the first colleges in the country with extended campuses on military bases. This was the start of the Extended Studies Division. Two years later, the college launched the Evening Campus in Columbia, which is geared to adult learners who want to start or finish a college degree.
Today, the college has over 30 Nationwide Campuses around the country serving more than 11,000 military and civilian students each year.
In 1996, Columbia College offered its first graduate degree with a Master of Arts in Teaching, followed by a Master of Business Administration and a Master of Science in Criminal Justice.
These degrees are offered through evening classes in Columbia, Mo., and at select extended campuses around the country. In 2000, the college launched its Online Campus, which now offers more than 800 online courses and 23 online degrees. More than 16,000 students take at least one online course each year at Columbia College.
Yet the college remains firmly focused on its roots by providing a traditional campus experience to more than 1,000 Day Campus students each year. It is this unique blend of teaching traditional and nontraditional students that has contributed to the continuing success of the college.
While many things have changed at Columbia College since 1851, some things have remained constant. The college still offers small classes taught by experienced faculty. It still believes the liberal arts and sciences are the basis for lifelong learning. And it is still changing with the times.
Columbia College — improving lives through higher education for more than 150 years.
For a more detailed history, you may purchase the book "Columbia College: 150 Years of Courage, Commitment and Change" by Paulina "Polly" Batterson. It portrays the triumphs and tribulations of the college from 1849 to the present in frank and intimate detail.
Please contact Alumni Relations to purchase. Quantities are limited.