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Priyanka Gamre Biography
Priyanka Gamre is a talented and promising actress known for her remarkable performances in the entertainment industry. With her dedication, versatility, and passion for acting, she has gained a significant following and is considered one of the rising stars in the industry. In this article, we will delve into Priyanka Gamre's biography, age, career, net worth, husband, and explore her journey to success.
Age and Early Life
Priyanka Gamre was born on May 2, 1990, in Mumbai, India. From a young age, she displayed a keen interest in the performing arts and aspired to become an actress. Her parents recognized her talent and encouraged her to pursue her dreams. Priyanka attended a renowned acting school in Mumbai, where she honed her skills and gained a solid foundation in the craft.
Priyanka Gamre began her acting career in the early 2010s with small roles in television dramas and commercials. Although her initial appearances were brief, her talent and determination caught the attention of casting directors and producers. In 2015, she landed her breakthrough role in a popular television series, where she portrayed the lead character and received critical acclaim for her performance.
Following her success on the small screen, Priyanka Gamre transitioned to the silver screen and made her film debut in 2017 with a notable role in a critically acclaimed independent film. Her performance was widely appreciated, and it opened doors for her to work with renowned filmmakers and actors in the industry.
Over the years, Priyanka has been a part of several successful films and television series. She has showcased her versatility by taking on diverse roles, ranging from intense dramas to light-hearted comedies. Her ability to immerse herself in the characters she portrays has earned her a reputation as a dedicated and talented actress.
Priyanka Gamre's net worth is estimated to be around $2 million. With her flourishing career in the entertainment industry and multiple successful projects under her belt, she has not only gained fame but also financial stability. Apart from her acting endeavors, she has also endorsed various brands and appeared in commercials, further contributing to her net worth.
While Priyanka Gamre maintains a private personal life, it is known that she is married to Rahul Kapoor, a successful entrepreneur. The couple tied the knot in an intimate ceremony attended by close friends and family. Despite the demands of their respective careers, Priyanka and Rahul prioritize their relationship and provide unwavering support to each other.
Wikipedia and Public Recognition
Priyanka Gamre's achievements and contributions to the entertainment industry have gained her recognition and a dedicated fan base. Although she does not currently have a Wikipedia page dedicated to her, her growing popularity and influence suggest that she may soon have a presence on the platform.
Priyanka Gamre is undoubtedly an actress to watch out for in the entertainment industry. With her talent, versatility, and dedication, she has established herself as a rising star. From her humble beginnings to her current success, she continues to captivate audiences with her performances and leaves a lasting impression on the screen. As she embarks on new projects and ventures, fans eagerly await to witness her future accomplishments and the heights she will reach in her career.


More than twenty years ago, the Századvég Foundation was established as a manifestation of the intellectual profile of the young generation playing an active role in the regime change of Hungary. The foundation which initially specialized in journal and book publishing and education strove to spread the values of progressive Hungarian political traditions and the models of European development.
This founding generation played a crucial role in laying down the foundations of the democratic Hungarian constitutional state and market economy. Hungary still needs knowledgeable young professionals with an in-depth knowledge of the country and skills to interpret European trends. As governmental decisions are becoming increasingly complex, the research and analysis of the social conditions underlying decisions are indispensable for the development of a successful national strategy. Therefore, it is the mission of the Foundation to provide assistance for the resolution of these strategic issues through training, information, research and international networking.
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Shape-persistent macrocycles comprising perfluorinated benzene subunits: synthesis, aggregation behaviour and unexpected mu-rod formation.
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 7(6):1081 (2009) PMID _PHONE_
The synthesis of a series of shape-persistent macrocycles (SPMs) (1-4 and 6) comprising different numbers and/or spatial arrangement of meta-substituted tetrafluorobenzene and benzene subunits interlinked with diacetylenes is described. To increase their solubility, all five SPMs were functionalized by four peripheral hexyl chains. These SPMs were assembled from common diacetylene building blocks by a modular synthetic strategy based on palladium and/or copper catalyzed versions of acetylene coupling reactions (oxidative acetylene coupling and Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling). The aggregation properties in chloroform of SPMs 1-6 were investigated by concentration- and temperature-dependent 1H-NMR investigations and by vapour pressure osmometry studies. Aggregation constants and thermodynamic data of the process were obtained by least-squares fitting of the NMR data and by van't Hoff analysis respectively. Aggregation was only observed for SPMs 2-6 comprising electron deficient tetrafluorobenzene corner units. While dimerization was the major aggregation process for SPMs 3-6, the formation of larger aggregates in solution was only observed for SPM 2. The formation of aggregates is in all cases enthalpically driven. As the largest and the smallest enthalpic contribution and entropic loss in the series of aggregating SPMs were found for the two SPMs 3 and 4, each comprising two fluorinated corner units, the spatial arrangement of these subunits within the macrocycle seems to be at least equally important as the ratio of tetrafluorobenzene and benzene moieties. Interestingly, micro-scaled hexagonal rods were formed from SPM 3 upon heating in toluene, presumably consisting of mixtures of oligomers arising from covalently interlinked macrocycles.
DOI: 10.1039/b817274a


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THE Federal Government says it will commence immunisation against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) for cervical cancer in 2021.
At a Virtual National Stakeholders' Forum on the Elimination of Cervical Cancer on Friday, Executive Director, National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), Dr Faisal Shuaib, said that the immunisation would be on a national scale by the first quarter of 2021.
The National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP) of the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH), organized the virtual meeting, in collaboration with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health International Vaccine Access Centre and Direct Consulting and Logistics.
According to him, what should concern stakeholders is how to eliminate barriers to availability of HPV vaccine that has been around for over 10 years.
He said, "we have to crush the barriers that prevent us from accessing this vaccine, such as HPV when it is available anywhere in the world.
"Africa should not always wait for decades to get solution that is available globally, not just in Africa but in Nigeria specifically.
"We at the NPHCDA are committed; we are committed to deliver HPV vaccine to our communities."
The executive director added that the agency was determined to get the vaccine to the people, and added that nothing could stop from achieving that.
According to him, "it took a long time for us to get here, we are going to finish and cross the line like we did for polio eradication.
"The Federal Ministry of Health, in collaboration with the NPHCDA, is in the forefront of driving local vaccine production through our joint venture agreement with May and Baker.
"It is one of the interventions that the FMoH is putting in place to make sure that we don't need to wait for decades to prevent such terrible disease."
Shuaib said the agency had improved routine immunisation in the past two years, doubling coverage from 32 per cent in 2016 to 67 per cent in 2019.
The Executive Director said: "When we introduce HPV vaccine in the first quarter 2021, we will ramp up coverage in the first approach.
"It is not just vaccine that matters, we are introducing this as part of our post COVID-19 strategy and we are ramping up our pre-cancer screening in primary health care centres.
"We are building the capacity of primary health workers so that they will be able to carry out simple screening and breast examination for breast cancer.
"But also on annual basis, we are trying to build the capacity of health workers so that they can do simple examinations of the cervix if there is any indication that they are abnormal.
"The workers will then be able to encourage women to do Pap Smear test on annual basis."
He said NPHCDA was passionate about so many things and that "introducing vaccine against cervical cancer and other cancers is a priority for us.
"It is priority and ensuring screening for cervical cancer is a model we are introducing as re-emerging in the post COVID-19 era."
The founder of Medicaid Cancer Foundation and the wife of the Governor of Kebbi State, Dr Zainab Bagudu, said the world was moving toward elimination of cancer and that Nigeria should not be left behind.
She said, "for us in Kebbi, we may not have high technology, but we have the awareness and the human resources at Primary Health Care centres."
Dr Chizoba Wonodi of the John Hopkins International Vaccine Access Centre (IVAC), said the objectives of the meeting was to share latest updates on the global push toward the elimination of cancer and promote increased understanding of the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders at all levels.
Cervical cancer is a deadly disease that affects over 14,000 women and 8,000 deaths due to late presentation at health facilities annually, making it the second leading cause of cancer death in women aged 15 to 44 years in Nigeria.
The main cause of cervical cancer is the HPV, which could be eliminated using: HPV vaccination, screening for pre-cancerous lesions and, treatment of invasive cancer.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Narrative in English Conversation : A Corpus Analysis of Storytelling
Üye Girişi yapın, temin süresi ve fiyatını size bildirelim.
Üye Girişi yapın, sizi bu ürün stoklarımıza girdiğinde bilgilendirelim.
Temin süremiz 28 - 42 iş günü
Yayıncı Cambridge University Press ( 12 / 2015 ) ISBN 9781107595750 | 22,9 x 15,2 cm | İngilizce | Türler Dil / Dilbilim
Storytelling is a fundamental mode of everyday interaction. This book is based upon the Narrative Corpus (NC), a specialized corpus of naturally occurring narratives, and provides new paths for its study. Christoph Rühlemann uses the NC's narrative-specific annotation and XPath and XQuery, query languages that allow the retrieval of complex data structures, to facilitate large-scale quantitative investigations into how narrators and recipients collaborate in storytelling. Empirical analyses are validated using R, a programming language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. Using this unique data and methodological base, Rühlemann reveals new insights, including the discovery of turntaking patterns specific to narrative, the first investigation of textual colligation in spoken data, the unearthing of how speech reports, as discourse units, form striking patterns at utterance level, and the identification of the story climax as the sequential context in which recipient dialogue is preferentially positioned.
Bu türde çok satanlar
Narrative in English Conversation için şu an mevcudu olmayanlar

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Thermal Spray Technology Growth in Gas Turbine Applications
This article provides an overview of key thermal spray coatings used in compressors, combustors, and turbine sections of a power-generation gas turbine. It describes the critical components, including combustors, transition ducts, inlet nozzle guide vanes, and first-stage rotating airfoils. Design requirements are reviewed and compared between aerospace and power generation coatings. Application process improvement areas are also discussed as a method of reducing component cost.


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EDPAC: A Short Political History
Without a doubt, much of NYSDA's success in the legislative arena can be attributed to its strong political action committee, EDPAC (Empire Dental Political Action Committee). This bipartisan committee of New York State dentists helps elect responsive political candidates. EDPAC is voluntary, non-profit, and unincorporated, offering contributing members an opportunity to influence the political process. Led by a Board of Directors independently elected, EDPAC makes contributions to political candidates within the State who listen to the dentists' point of view.
Without EDPAC, NYSDA certainly would not have the ability to help get responsive political candidates elected. But while PACs are common today, this was not always the case. Years ago the members of organized dentistry felt no compelling need to establish political action committees. Indeed, one brave soul who attempted to promote to his fellow dentists the idea of a connection between dental practice and politics was actually thrown out of a dental meeting. That person was Dr. Joseph Accardo (Eighth District), a former NYSDA Board member from Niagara Falls, who in 1969, helped begin the movement that ultimately led to the development of EDPAC. People who are ahead of their time often find themselves behind the eight ball, and that's certainly the way Dr. Accardo felt in those days. "Dentists looked upon the political activity with suspicion in 1969, a time when many believed that their practices had little to do with politics," he recalls. A political visionary is not easily deterred, however, and Dr. Accardo vigorously pursued his mission of raising the political profile of a profession that was increasingly being subjected to government regulation. On December 9, 1969, during an Eighth District meeting at the Statler Hilton in Buffalo, which then housed the offices of the Eighth District Dental Society, Dr. Accardo met with four of his colleagues, Drs. Bernie Tofany, Robert Wolfson, Frank Nicklaus, and Larry Wolfgang, each of whom contributed $20 to establish a "war chest." Dr. Wolfgang assumed the treasurer position. It was hoped the committee would help dentists gain entrée to elected officials to express their concerns. From there, a further meeting was held in Syracuse. Dr. Accardo was elected chairman by representatives from all the state districts. And, thus the DIPIC was formed. DIPIC. Yes, organized dentistry's first political action group was named the Dental Public Interest Committee. The name was changed to EDPAC in 1970 when Dr. Frank Nicklaus (Seventh District) was elected chairman.
Five of the six founding members of the Dental Public Interest Committee, forerunner to EDPAC
I. Lawrence Kerr


Learn
The interquartile range is the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first quartile (Q1). If you need a refresher on quartiles, you can take a look at our lesson.
For now, all you need to know is that the first quartile is the value that separates the first 25% of the data from the remaining 75%.
The third quartile is the opposite — it separates the first 75% of the data from the remaining 25%.
The interquartile range of the dataset is shown to be between Q3 and Q1.
The interquartile range is the difference between these two values.
Instructions
1.
We've calculated the first quartile of songs and stored it in the variable q1.
Calculate the third quartile and store it in a variable named q3.
To calculate the third quartile, call the same function, but change the second argument to 0.75.
2.
Now that we have both the first quartile and the third quartile, let's calculate the IQR.
Create a variable named interquartile_range and set it equal to the difference between q3 and q1.
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p = 0.011).
Table 2.
Grades of Type I Collagen and Type II Collagen Immunolocalization
Normal 43M Normal 39F Normal 12F OA 42M OA 49F OA 54F OA 55M OA 58F OA 65F OA 66F OA 70F
Type I Collagen
GradeS 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
GradeI 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Type II Collagen
GradeS 4 3 2 0 1 0 2 3 1 2 2
GradeI 4 3 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
GradeS – grade of type I collagen in the surface zone; GradeI – grade of type I collagen in the deep zone; Ages are listed in years; M = male, F = female. The difference of immunolocalization of type I collagen grades between the OA group and the normal control group was statistically significant (p = 0.021). The difference of immunostaining of type II collagen grades between the OA group and the normal control group was statistically significant (p = 0.018).
Table 3.
Grades of Safranin-O and Alcian Blue Staining
Normal 12F Normal 39F Normal 43M OA 42M OA 49F OA 54F OA 55M OA 58F OA 65F OA 66F OA 70F
Safranin-O
GradeT 0 2 0 3 3 5 4 2 5 4 3
GradeH 2 2 0 3 3 5 4 3 5 5 4
Alcian Blue
GradeT 0 1 0 3 4 4 3 3 5 4 4
GradeH 1 2 0 3 3 5 4 3 5 4 5
GradeT – Transverse section grade; GradeH – Horizontal section grade; Ages are listed in years; M = male, F = female. The difference of safranin-O staining grades between OA group and normal control group was statistically significant (p = 0.018). The difference of alcian blue staining grades between OA group and normal control group was statistically significant (p = 0.014).
Table 4.
Grades of Aggrecan Immunolocalization
Normal 12F Normal 39F Normal 43M OA 42M OA 49F OA 54F OA 55M OA 58F OA 65F OA 66F OA 70F
GradeT 0 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 3
GradeH 0 0 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 2
GradeT – Transverse section grade; GradeH – Horizontal section grade; Ages are listed in years; M = male, F = female. The difference of the grades between OA group and normal control group was statistically significant (p = 0.013).
Collagens networks in OA menisci appeared less orderly compared to collagens networks in normal menisci (Fig. 2). Normal control menisci showed well-organized, parallel-arranged and compact collagen bundles. In contract, OA menisci showed less organized and less compact collagen networks. To further examine this phenomenon, we performed H&E staining. Similarly, H&E staining showed that normal control meniscus had well-organized, parallel-arranged and compact collagen bundles with meniscal cells lining up between the collagen bundles (Fig. 3, top photos); whereas that OA meniscus had less organized and less compact collagen networks. In some areas, meniscal cells were lined up between the collagen bundles, but in many other areas, meniscal cells were randomly distributed within OA meniscus (Fig. 3, bottom photos).
Immunolocalization of Type I and Type II Collagens
Representative images of immunolocalization of type I collagen in the inner portion of normal and OA menisci are shown in Fig. (4). The results indicated that the surface zone (black arrow) of normal meniscus had the highest type I collagen content, and that the type I collagen content was decreased gradually from the surface zone (black arrow) to the middle zone (green arrow) and deep zone (red arrow) (Fig. 4, top photos).
When compared to normal meniscus, OA meniscus had decreased type I collagen staining throughout the entire meniscus, particularly in the middle zone (green arrow) and deep zone (red arrow), indicating greater severity of type I collagen loss in the middle and deep zones than that in the surface zones (Fig. 4, bottom photos). The grades of immunolocalization of type I collagen, along with the demographic patient information, are listed in Table 2. The decrease of type I collagen staining in OA menisci compared to normal control menisci is statistically significant (P = 0.021).
Representative images of immunolocalization of type II collagen in the inner portion of normal and OA meniscus are shown in Fig. (5). The results indicated that the surface zone (black arrow) of normal meniscus had the highest type II collagen content, and that the type II collagen content was decreased gradually from the surface zone (black arrow) to the middle zone (green arrow) and the deep zone (red arrow) (Fig. 5, top photos). Similar to type I collagen, type II collagen content was decreased in OA meniscus compared to normal meniscus (Fig. 5, bottom photos). However, different from type I collagen, the decrease of type II collagen content was prominent across all the three zones. The grades of the immunolocalization of type II collagen, along with the demographic patient information, are listed in Table 2.
Safranin-O and Alcian Blue Staining
Representative images of safranin-O staining are shown in Fig. (6). The safranin-O staining in OA meniscus was significantly stronger than that in normal menisci (Fig. 6A). The increase of safranin-O staining was more prominent in the deep zone (red arrow) than that in the surface zone (black arrow) (Fig. 6B). The grades are listed in Table 3.
Representative images of alcian blue staining are shown in Fig. (7) and the grades of alcian blue staining are listed in Table 3. Consistent with safranin-O staining, alcian blue staining was significantly stronger in the OA menisci compared to the normal menisci (Fig. 7A). This increased staining was seen throughout the OA meniscus and appeared more prominent in the deep zone (red arrow) than that in the surface zone (black arrow) (Fig. 7B). We also performed toluidine blue staining. The results are consistent with that of safranin-O staining and alcian blue staining (Data not shown).
Immunolocalization of Aggrecan
In previous study, we found that the expression of aggrecan was higher in OA meniscal cell when compared to normal meniscal cells [12]. To further investigate this finding, we examined aggrecan content in the OA and normal menisci. Aggrecan content was much higher in OA menisci when compared to normal menisci (Fig. 8). The increase of aggrecan staining appeared more prominent in the deep zone than in the surface zone of OA menisci (not shown), indicating active aggrecan synthesis and turn-over inside the OA menisci (Fig. 8). The grades of the immunolocalization of aggrecan along with the demographic patient information are listed in Table 4.
DISCUSSION
Our study demonstrate that the surface zone of normal menisci has the highest type I and type II collagen contents, and that the deep zone has the lowest, suggesting that in normal menisci the surface zone has the highest tensile strength. Our findings also demonstrate that type I collagen co-localizes with type II collagen in meniscus, which is consistent with a previous report [16].
It is the first time as we know that collagen content is found to decrease not only in the surface zone but also inside the OA menisci. The decrease of type II collagen content in the surface zone is severe. This decrease is likely due to a combination of similar mechanical factors and type-II collagen-degrading factors within the synovial fluid that cause type II collagen degeneration in the surface zone of OA articular cartilage. Interestingly, the decrease of type II collagen content in the middle and deep zones of OA meniscus is also prominent. It suggests that type-II collagen-degrading enzymes are also activated inside the OA menisci. The decrease of type I collagen content in all three zones is severe; however, it appeared much more severe in the middle and deep zones than in the surface zone. The distinctive spatial distributions of type I and type II collagen content in OA meniscus compared to normal meniscus suggest that type I collagen-degrading enzymatic activity is much higher in the middle and deep zones than


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Yesterday the Missouri Senate voted to roll back Proposition B, the Puppy Mill Cruelty Prevention Act and, thus, said the heck with Missouri voters who approved the measure in November.
Lawmakers approved Senate Bill 113 sponsored and introduced by Senator Mike Parson who, ironically, titled the bill, the Canine Cruelty Prevention Act. Key points of the bill include:
- No limit on the number of breeding dogs.
- No requirement of ground level cages with access to the outdoors.
- No requirement that the dogs be sheltered from extreme weather and temperatures.
- No annual hands-on vet examinations will be required.
- Two visual inspections of dogs by veterinarians will be required.
- Depending on the number of dogs sold, breeders would pay fees ranging up to $2,500 instead of the current maximum of $500.
- Breeders would pay $25 per year to generate funds for additional state inspectors
- Breeders in violation would no longer be subject to prosecution for the misdemeanor crime of puppy mill cruelty. Instead, courts could assess civil fines or prosecutors could file misdemeanor charges of canine cruelty against repeat offenders.


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Welcome to Lesson 1 of the Advanced Microsoft Word Tutorial. In this lesson we will cover moving around the document. I hope you enjoy the lesson.
Moving Around Your Document
Step 1: View the Bland Document Window
The program window opens along with a blank document window. Usually, both windows are maximized. The program window fills the whole screen, and the document window fills the program window. If your program window isn't maximized, click its Maximize button. To minimize the program window to a button on the Windows taskbar, click the Minimize button.
Step 2: View the Title Bar
The title bar tells you what is in the window. When the document window is maximized, it has to share the title bar with the program window, so the title bar contains the names of both the program (Microsoft Word) and the file. (Document1 is a temporary name for your document. When you save it for the first time, you will replace that name with a name you choose).
Step 3: Use the Menu Bar
The Word menu bar contains menus, which in turn contain all the available Word commands. All the tasks you need to perform are available through menu commands. To use the menu commands, click the menu name to display the menu and click the command you want.
Step 4: Use the Standard Toolbar
By default, Word displays the Standard and Formatting toolbars side-by-side onscreen. The Standard toolbar appears on the top, as shown in this figure. The Standard toolbar contains shortcuts for frequently used commands such as those to open, save, and print documents, and to undo mistakes. To activate a toolbar button, click it. To see a button name, hover the mouse pointer over the button for a moment; a ScreenTip appears with the button name.
Step 5: Use the Formatting Toolbar
The Formatting toolbar, located next to the Standard toolbar, contains shortcuts for commands that change the appearance of the document. To activate a toolbar button, click it. To view the name of the button, point at the button to reveal a ScreenTip.
Step 6: Use the Ruler
The ruler shows you where your margins are, and it lets you set tabs and indents. If you don't see the ruler, you can display it by opening the View menu and choosing Ruler.
Step 7: Use the Work Area
The typing area in a new document is the large blank space bordered by vertical and horizontal scrollbars. The insertion point (a vertical, blinking line, also known as the cursor) shows you where the next character you type will appear. When the mouse pointer is placed over the typing area, it resembles an I-beam.
Step 8: Use the Scrollbars
The vertical and horizontal scrollbars allow you to view different portions of your document. Use the arrows on the scrollbars to scroll in the appropriate direction or drag the scroll box. Use the Previous Page and Next Page buttons (at the bottom of the vertical scrollbar) to jump quickly from one part of your document to the next.
Step 9: Viewing the Status Bar
The status bar indicates the current page, the total number of pages, and the location of your insertion point on the page. As you use Word, the status bar sometimes displays other information as well.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Baccharis spicata (Asteraceae)

Why
Baccharis spicata (Asteraceae) is a medium sized shrub native to South America. In 2015 two naturalised populations were recorded for the first time in the vicinity of Porto (Matosinhos and Vila do Conde) in Portugal (EPPO RS 2017/070). Since these observations, four additional populations have been recorded with the most northern and southern populations some 30 km apart. B. spicata has a wide climatic tolerance and can colonise a variety of habitats. Coupled with high seed production which are wind-dispersed, B. spicata has the potential of becoming an emerging invasive species in the EPPO region.
Geographical distribution
EPPO Region: Portugal.
South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.
Baccharis spicata
Courtesy: Rob Tanner
Morphology
B. spicata is a dioecious medium sized shrub usually 40-150 cm in height (maximum 300 cm). Stems are unwinged and branch from the base. The lower leaves are opposite with the upper leaves sub-opposite to alternate. The species is capable of reproducing after 12 months. Inflorescences are terminal and composed of cylindrical spikes. Flower heads are sessile and solitary or grouped in small glomerules. The achenes bear a pappus which aids wind-dispersal.
Biology and ecology
Both male and female plants are present in Portugal. Seed production and dispersal rates are similar to that of the congener B. halimifolia (EPPO A2 List - EU List of Union concern), indicating that B. spicata also has the potential for long distance dispersal.
Habitats
In its native range, B. spicata is reported to exhibit a high level of plasticity for suitable habitats. It can grow in steppe and grasslands, disturbed coastal areas, river margins, arable land, abandoned paddies and urban areas. In the EPPO region, in Portugal, the species is found on disturbed habitats colonised by other invasive non-native plant species.
Invaded habitats (left: together with Cortaderia selloana) - Courtesy: Rob Tanner
Pathways for movement
Three Baccharis species are grown in European gardens - B. magellanica, B. patagonica and B. halimifolia. However, there is no evidence that B. spicata is or has been grown as an ornamental species in the region. The two originally identified populations in Portugal are located in the vicinity of an international airport and seaport, and thus accidental introduction is the most likely pathway of entry for these populations.
Impacts
In Portugal, B. spicata grows on disturbed ground with other highly invasive species such as Acacia longifolia, A. melanoxylon, Cortaderia selloana and Paspalum dilatatum. In these habitats, B. spicata shows strong competition with other species becoming an abundant species in the community.
Control
The populations in Portugal represent the first naturalised record of the species outside its native range and thus there is little information on control options for the species. An EPPO National Regulatory Control Standard is available for B. halimifolia (PM 9/23 (1) Baccaris halimifolia), and some management methodologies detailed may be suitable for B. spicata.
Sources
EPPO (2016) First report of Baccharis spicata in Portugal. EPPO Reporting Service 2017 no. 3. Available at: _URL_
Verloove F, Dana ED, Alves P (2017) Baccharis spicata (Asteraceae), a new potentially invasive species to Europe. Plant Biosystems _URL_

EPPO RS 2017/125
Entry date 2017-06

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text:
Fort Knox, KY
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Fort Knox is a United States Army post in Kentucky south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. It is also the site of the United States Bullion Depository, which is used to house a large portion of the United States' official gold reserves. The 109,000 acre (170 sq mi, 441 km²) base covers parts of Bullitt, Hardin, and Meade counties. It currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence to include the Army Human Resources Command.
For 60 years, Fort Knox was the home of the U.S. Army Armor Center and the U.S. Army Armor School (now moved to Fort Benning), and was used by both the Army and the Marine Corps to train crews on the M1 Abrams main battle tank. The history of the U.S. Army's Cavalry and Armored forces, and of General George S. Patton's career, can be found at the General George Patton Museum on the grounds of Fort Knox.
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NOD
The New-Onset Diabetes (NOD) cohort is jointly funded by NCI and NIDDK and is part of the Consortium for the study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer (CPDPC). The CPDPC sub-contracted NOD coordination to the EDRN-DMCC. The goals of NOD are to prospectively assemble a cohort of subjects >50 and <85 years of age with New-Onset Diabetes (NOD), called the NOD Cohort, in order to:
 - Estimate the probability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the NOD Cohort,
 - Establish a biobank of clinically annotated biospecimens including a reference set of biospecimens from pre-symptomatic PDAC and control new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects,
 - Facilitate validation of emerging tests for identifying NOD subjects at high risk for having PDAC using the reference set, and
 - Provide a platform for development of an interventional protocol for early detection of sporadic PDAC NOD subjects.


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During Henry Shaw's lifetime, the garden began to take shape. Although Shaw owned the land all the way from Grand Avenue on the East to Kingshighway on the West (see map), the garden he planned was to be a relatively narrow strip running to the north from his country home. The land immediately to the south of this strip would become Tower Grove Park in 1868; Shaw's other major gift to the city of St. Louis. This large Victorian Park stretches all the way from Grand Avenue to Kingshighway. It is noted for its many bandstands and structures, and for the statues that Shaw had placed in the park of Shakespeare and other people. The park, even during Shaw's life, was a frequent site of musical performances, many of which were sponsored by Shaw himself.
Early maps show the rectangular layout of the Garden in the 1870s. At the extreme North end was the fruticetum, a place for the growing of shrubby plants. The parking lots are located on this area now. To the south of this area were two greenhouses. In 1868, Shaw built the Main Conservatory, also called the 1868 Greenhouse. The plan above shows the outline of this greenhouse, with indications of what plants were grown in each section. This greenhouse housed exotic plants. In the 1880s, Shaw added a smaller brick greenhouse to the north of the Main Conservatory. This structure, known as the Linnean House, designed by Shaw's favorite architect George I. Barnett, housed palms, citrus and other tender plants.
The Main Conservatory was eventually torn down in 1916, but the Linnean House is still standing. Shaw named this smaller greenhouse the Linnean House in honor of Karl Linneaus, the father of the science of plant classification. To honor Lineaus, Shaw placed the scientist's bust above the front door of this building, flanked by busts of two famous American scientists, Asa Gray and Thomas Nuttal. Today the Linnean House is the oldest continuously operating greenhouse west of the Mississippi and today it houses the MBG collection of camellias.


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Tree Based Syntax
Groovy has special syntax support for List and Maps. This is great because it gives a concise representation of the actual object being defined, so its easier to keep track of what a program or script is doing. But what about programs which contain arbitrary nested tree structures. Surely, they are the hardest ones to keep track of what is going on. Isn't that an area where syntactic help will be most beneficial?
The answer is definitely yes and Groovy comes to the party with its builder concept. You can use it for DOM-like APIs or Ant tasks or Jelly tags or Swing widgets or whatever. Each may have their own particular factory mechanism to create the tree of objects - however they can share the same builder syntax to define them - in a concise alternative to XML or lengthy programming code. See How Builders Work
[Note: the syntax in some of these examples is slightly out-dated. See chapter 8 of GINA in the mean-time until these examples are updated.]
Here's an example:
Code Block
def f = frame(size:[300,300], text:'My Window') {
 label(bounds:[10,10,290,30], text:'Save changes')
 panel(bounds:[10,40,290,290]) {
 button(text:'OK', action:{ save close })
 button(text:'Cancel', action:{ close })
Code Block
def f = frame(text: calculateFieldNamefoo, 1234){
 // lets iterate through some map
 for e in map {
Using this simple mechanism we can easily create any structured tree of data - or provide an event based model too. Note in Groovy you can just overload the invokeMethodname, arguments to have a simple polymorphic tree creation - such as for DOM is structures or Ant tasks or Jelly tags etc.
Here's an example of some HTML using some mixed content which is typically hard to do neatly in some markup languages
Code Block
html {
 head {
 title"XML encoding with Groovy"
 body {
 h1"XML encoding with Groovy"
 p"this format can be used as an alternative markup to XML"
 / an element with attributes and text content /
 ahref:'' ["Groovy"]
 / mixed content /
 p [
 "This is some",
 "text. For more see the",
 ahref:'' ["Groovy"],
 p "some text"
Finally here's an example of creating some name-spaced XML structure XSD...
Code Block
def builder = NodeBuilder.newInstance()
def xmlns = new groovy.xml.NamespaceBuilder(builder)
def xsd = xmlns.namespace('', 'xsd')
def root = xsd.schema(xmlns:['foo':'http://someOtherNamespace']) {
 annotation {
 documentation("Purchase order schema for")
 //documentation(xmlns=[xml.lang:'en']) ["Purchase order schema for"]
 element(name:'purchaseOrder', type:'PurchaseOrderType')
 element(name:'comment', type:'xsd:string')
 complexType(name:'PurchaseOrderType') {
 sequence {
 element(name:'shipTo', type:'USAddress')
 element(name:'billTo', type:'USAddress')
 element(minOccurs:'0', ref:'comment')
 element(name:'items', type:'Items')
 attribute(name:'orderDate', type:'xsd:date')
 complexType(name:'USAddress') {
 sequence {
 element(name:'name', type:'xsd:string')
 element(name:'street', type:'xsd:string')
 element(name:'city', type:'xsd:string')
 element(name:'state', type:'xsd:string')
 element(name:'zip', type:'xsd:decimal')
 attribute(fixed:'US', name:'country', type:'xsd:NMTOKEN')
 complexType(name:'Items') {
 sequence {
 element(maxOccurs:'unbounded', minOccurs:'0', name:'item') {
 complexType {
 sequence {
 element(name:'productName', type:'xsd:string')
 element(name:'quantity') {
 simpleType {
 restriction(base:'xsd:positiveInteger') {
 element(name:'USPrice', type:'xsd:decimal')
 element(minOccurs:'0', name:'shipDate', type:'xsd:date')
 attribute(name:'partNum', type:'SKU', use:'required')
 /* Stock Keeping Unit, a code for identifying products */
 simpleType(name:'SKU') {
 restriction(base:'xsd:string') {
There's a converter from XML to groovy markup so you can try out this new markup language on any XML documents you have already.
Special cases
To output elements or attributes with a '-' in their name, you need to quote the names. For example, to generate a web-app descriptor for a Servlet app:
Code Block
def builder = new groovy.xml.MarkupBuilder()
builder.'web-app' {
 'display-name' 'My Web Application'
Code Block
 My Web Application
Read from external variable
Most builder examples are inline usage. To use a builder to build for an external variable, you may use:
Code Block
class MyConfig{
 static nodes = {
 'first entry'( key: 'value')
def result = new YourBuilder().invokeMethod('rootNode', MyConfig.nodes )
Andy Glover introduces builders through an astronomical example


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8.1 Irreducible (Minimal) Realizations
The internal structure of a system may allow some of the integrators (or delay elements) to be shared by several input-output pairs and still result in the same transfer matrix. The system that realizes the maximum possible degree of sharing (and, consequently, the smallest possible dimension of the associated state space) is called the irreducible (or minimal) realization (see, e.g., Brogan (1991), Section 12.4). The function MinimalRealization tries to find such a realization.
Finding the irreducible (minimal) realization.
The input system for MinimalRealization can be in either state-space or transfer function form; the resultant system is always a state-space one. For SISO transfer function systems, MinimalRealization constructs a state-space realization after an attempt to cancel common pole-zero pairs (the underlying function, PoleZeroCancel, can also be accessed directly, see Section 8.6). Otherwise, MinimalRealization constructs a state-space realization first and then uses the functions ControllableSubsystem and ObservableSubsystem consecutively to select first the controllable and then the observable subspaces. The result is therefore a subsystem that is both completely observable and controllable. See Section 8.2 for more on the definitions of the controllable and observable subspaces. In contrast, DominantSubsystem eliminates weakly controllable and observable modes (see Section 8.5).
Selecting controllable and observable subspaces.
Load the application.
Consider a third-order state-space system with two inputs and two outputs. The first mode is uncontrollable, and the second one is unobservable. These modes, then, have no effect on the input-output relations and so can be dropped without changing the transfer function matrix.
We can verify that this system is not controllable.
Neither is it observable.
This selects the controllable subspace.
This selects the observable subspace.
By selecting the observable subspace of the controllable subspace, we arrive at a minimal realization.
The same result can be obtained directly.
The minimal realization is both controllable and observable.
The method that ControllableSubsystem and ObservableSubsystem use to reduce the dimension of the system can be chosen through the option ReductionMethod. ReductionMethod Kalman specifies that the Kalman decomposition is to be used. With the default option value Automatic, the functions first try to use the structural information about the input system that might be already available. Additionally, ControllableSubsystem takes, and passes along, the options specific to the method it employs. ObservableSubsystem takes both the options for ControllableSubsystem and DualSystem. MinimalRealization, as an interface function, inherits options from its constituents ControllableSubsystem and ObservableSubsystem or PoleZeroCancel, whichever is applicable.
Specifying the reduction method.


How to check the IMEI number on your phone
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How to check the IMEI number on your phone
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 - IMEI number of your phone is essential in case you lose your phone or want to sell it.
 - Using the IMEI number, your phone can be tracked or blacklisted to prevent misuse.
 - This article informs you about various ways to check the IMEI number.
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An IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number is a unique identification number that is associated with a SIM card slot on smartphones and tablets. If there are dual-SIM slots in your smartphone, your smartphone will have two IMEI numbers. It is important to know your IMEI number for various reasons, including blacklisting the phone if lost, tracking the phone and selling your old phone.
If you lost your phone, you can track the device even if the SIM card has been removed using the IMEI number. If the phone has been stolen, you can blacklist the phone using the IMEI number to prevent any misuse or unlawful usage. Noting down the IMEI number when you have your phone is essential in case of emergencies. You can check the IMEI number on your phone by following the steps given below.
Here's how you can check your phone IMEI number:
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By using USSD code on any smartphone:
Using the USSD method should be your priority as it is universal and simple. It requires you to have your phone and then follow the simple steps.
 1. Dial "*#06#" on your phone
 2. The IMEI number will be displayed which you can note down or take a screenshot for future reference.
How to check the IMEI number on your phone
Phone box or bill
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The IMEI number is printed on the bill of your phone, either you buy it online or at a retail store. You can also find the IMEI printed on the box which came with the phone. You can keep the two safe in case you need them for emergencies or if you decide to sell the phone.
On Android device using settings:
 1. Go to "Settings" on your Android device.
 2. Go to "About Phone" at the top or scroll down to the bottom of the screen depending on the phone you are using.
 3. Look for "Status" and you will find the IMEI number associated with each SIM slot. You can note down the numbers for future reference.
How to check the IMEI number on your phone
On iPhone using settings:
 1. Open the "Settings" on your iPhone.
 2. Select "General" and then tap "About".
 3. You can scroll down to find the IMEI number associated with your iPhone.
 4. You can hold and copy the number for future reference.
Using Google Dashboard on your PC
To find out the IMEI number or erase all data from your Android smartphone if it is lost, you can log in to the Google account associated with your phone and follow the instructions below.
 1. Go to Google Dashboard and scroll down to "Android Backups".
 2. Here, you can get all information about devices registered with this email address.
 3. You can check the IMEI number in the "Information" symbol next to the phone's name.
 4. You can note it down to report a loss or for future usage.
How to check the IMEI number on your phone
SEE ALSO:
How to join missed group calls on WhatsApp
Here's how you can transfer photos from mobile phone to laptop
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text:
Can you construct a foot launcher that will send the ping pong ball up high enough for you to catch it while standing up?
Materials: (per student)
One ping pong ball
One wooden paint stir stick
Wooden spool or plastic film canister
This packet contains all the information you need to make this a great engineering activity in your classroom! Lab sheets, student and teacher instructions, and challenge signs are all included! Using simple and cheap materials, you can engage your students in the engineering process!
This is one of many engineering challenges that I will be posting, follow my store to receive notifications when new challenges are posted!
Check out these TEN PACKS of STEM Challenges!
STEM Challenges Ten Pack #1
STEM Challenges Ten Pack #2
STEM Challenges Ten Pack #3


text:
Photo Credit: NASA TechEdSat, NanoRacks
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text:
In distributed systems, such as a network of Google Compute Engine instances, it is challenging to reliably schedule tasks because any individual instance may become unavailable due to autoscaling or network partitioning.
Google App Engine provides a Cron service. Using this service for scheduling and Google Cloud Pub/Sub for distributed messaging, you can build an application to reliably schedule tasks across a fleet of Compute Engine instances.
This three-part article includes the following:
- A design pattern for the solution.
- A sample implementation of the design pattern
- Ideas for building a production-ready version of the solution.
How to reliably schedule tasks on Google Compute Engine
Cron is the standard tool for scheduling recurring tasks on Unix systems. As the systems you build increase in complexity and become distributed, a single computer running cron can become a critical point of failure. The instance may stop due to autoscaling, or its network segment could be partitioned from systems it needs to communicate with.
Other approaches to increasing availability, such as scaled-out groups of instances behind a load balancer, don't work when you need to schedule an event that only needs to be run once by the whole system. For example, if four servers run the same singleton cron job every hour, it could create contention for resources and potential duplication of results.
Solving the problem of how to schedule tasks in a distributed system is not trivial. One solution to this problem is the Chronos framework for Apache Mesos, but this involves a significant amount of setup and management.
App Engine provides a Cron Service. If your application runs on App Engine, you can simply write App Engine handlers, schedule events, and the Cron Service will fire events and call the corresponding event handlers for your application. To run tasks on your Compute Engine instance in response to Cron Service events, you need to relay the Cron Service events to those instances.
There are several ways to do this, such as:
- Call an HTTP endpoint running on your Compute Engine instances using the App Engine URL Fetch service.
- Orchestrate tasks and locks using Google Cloud Datastore transactions.
- Pass messages from event handlers running on App Engine to your Compute Engine instances using a messaging service.
This sample illustrates the third design pattern. It is simpler to implement than managing locks and task state in Cloud Datastore. It is also more reliable than sending HTTP requests to Compute Engine instances, which may stop or lose network connectivity before a task completes.
The following diagram provides an architectural overview of this design pattern.
In this implementation, an App Engine application schedules events in the Cron Service, then transmits those events to Compute Engine instances using Google Cloud Pub/Sub. Cloud Pub/Sub is a fully-managed cloud service that provides robust, many-to-many, asynchronous messaging between applications.
A utility service on your Compute Engine instances subscribes to Cloud Pub/Sub topics and runs cron jobs in response to the events it pulls down from those topics. The utility runs standard scripts; you do not need to modify your current cron scripts to use them in this sample.
By using Cloud Pub/Sub to decouple the task-scheduling logic from the logic running the commands on Compute Engine, you can update your cron scripts as needed, without updating or re-deploying the App Engine application. You can also change your task schedule without updating the utility on your Compute Engine instances.
Because cron jobs are typically few in number and run on an hourly, weekly, or daily schedule, this design pattern should not exceed the service quotas, which are designed for high-volume operations. If it does, consider other application patterns, such as managing the timing of tasks directly in application code.
The cost of running this design pattern is less than $1 a month. This cost analysis assumes a cron job that runs every twelve hours, for an hour each time, on a f1-micro instance. For a breakdown of the costs in this estimate, and to calculate costs for your own use case, see the Google Cloud Platform Pricing Calculator.
App Engine provides a free backend quota of 8 instance-hours per day. If you are not using that quota in other applications, the App Engine cost for running this design pattern is $0, reducing the cost further.
For example, if you run the sample implementation in the following section for an hour and then delete the Google Cloud resources, the cost will be approximately 1 cent.
Sample implementation of the design pattern
A sample implementation of this design pattern, Sample: Reliable Task Scheduling on Google Compute Engine, is available on GitHub.
The sample contains two components:
An App Engine application that uses App Engine Cron Service to relay cron messages to Cloud Pub/Sub topics.
A utility that runs on Compute Engine. This utility monitors a Cloud Pub/Sub topic. When it detects a new message, it runs the corresponding command locally on the server.
The readme file included with the sample describes the sample in further detail, as well as how to run the sample code on Google Cloud Platform.
Building on the design pattern and sample
The App Engine Cron service makes it simple to set up distributed cron on your Compute Engine instances with minimal setup and cost.
The previous sample illustrated one way to implement a reliable scheduling solution for Compute Engine using the App Engine Cron Service. It's a useful design pattern because it separates the scheduling logic from the logic that runs commands on the Compute Engine instance, making it possible to change the location and execution of your tasks without having to update the scheduling logic.
The following diagram shows the flow of cron messages in this sample. By specifying which instances subscribe to a given topic, you can control whether a cron job runs on a single instance or several instances.
Another advantage of this architecture is the control it gives you over how cron jobs are routed to your instances.
You can send different cron messages to different sets of servers, as illustrated by Cloud Pub/Sub topics A and C. The tasks in Topic A are sent to a single subscriber, whereas several servers subscribe to Topic C. You might use this strategy to run one set of commands on your web server and another set on your other servers.
Another option is to run a command on one of several servers. This is illustrated by topic B. In this case, multiple servers share a single subscription and messages published to topic B are handled by the first server to claim that message and the corresponding command runs only on that server. You might use this to perform nightly data analysis that only needs to run on a single server.
You can modify the sample and use it as a model for your own application. Below are some ideas to get you started.
cron.yamlto specify your own cron messages. You can update the cron job directly, as described in Uploading Cron Jobs or re-deploy the App Engine application to update the App Engine Cron Service.
test_executor.pyto run a real script instead of
logger_sample_task.py, or write your own
Instead of manually launching the utility on Compute Engine and running it as a foreground process you can launch it automatically as a daemon by a system or third party tool like
Neither the App Engine Cron service nor Cloud Pub/Sub make strict "exactly once" delivery guarantees. While unlikely, duplicate message delivery can occur. If running a specific task more than once creates an undesirable outcome, use a distributed consistent locking tool like Zookeeper to ensure the task is run only once and by only a single instance.
When scheduling tasks, follow cron best practices and ensure that tasks are scheduled far enough apart they can complete processing before the next time they run.
Create a cost-efficient cron solution by running the utility on a micro instance. When it receives a task, it launches more powerful instances to process the cron tasks quickly. When the tasks complete, the larger instances can simply shut themselves down. This gives you flexibility to complete tasks soon after the event time, at minimal cost.
In this implementation,
cron.yamlis deployed to App Engine along with the App Engine application. This means that any change to the cron messages requires that you re-deploy the App Engine application. To avoid this, you could extend this sample implementation by rewriting the App Engine application to pull the YAML file from a Cloud Storage bucket, have it monitor the file for changes, and update App Engine Cron Service when it detects modifications to the YAML file.
Try out other Google Cloud Platform features for yourself. Have a look at our tutorials.


text:
Roman warriors associated hematite with Mars, the Roman God of War. The soldiers used hematite for protection in battles, believing it would make them invincible.
For thousands of years, Hematite has been prized by many cultures. The Egyptians used hematite to calm anxiety. The famous Greek physician/philosopher, Aelius Galenus used it to treat eye infections and as a cure for headaches. Roman soldiers believed that when hematite was rubbed all over their bodies it provided protection during battle. Legend has it that, blood spilled at these ancient Roman battles saturated the ground and seeped into the earth creating this "blood" stone. Native Americans also believed that war paint made from hematite would make one invincible in combat.
Hematite helps with mental organization, balancing energy, enhancing memory and increasing intuition as well as boosts the wearer's self-esteem.


Texture Analyzer – Accuracy, Resolution and Precision Explained
Systems work on the principle of supplying a large range of easily interchangeable load cells, which allow the users of texture analyzers to choose specific capacities relevant to the texture measurement forces they wish to measure.
Texture Analysis accuracy
Texture analysis instruments have the ability to measure load or distance to the absolute true and correct value. Generally defined as a percentage of the full scale range of the measuring device, where the manufacturer states the ability of the instrument to report registered load or distance correctly in relation to a calibrated standard.
Some texture analyzers intelligent load cells operate to 0.1% accuracy of full-scale capacity. If you are using a 10N (1.0kgf) capacity we can expect a margin of error (or inaccuracy), no greater than, +/-1gf. Therefore if the value reported by the instrument for a force is 300gf we can expect our true reading to be between 299gf and 301gf
Resolution is the smallest unit of measure or the smallest change that can be displayed or recorded by an instrument referred to as granularity
This characteristic can be expressed as a percentage or in actual units and is highly influential on the level of accuracy that the instrument can measure at. For Example, A load cell can only operate to 0.1% accuracy of full scale, say +/-1gf therefore the potential error must always be much greater than the 0.15gf resolution that the unit will measure individual changes.
Some texture analyzers have a resolution of 1 part in every 6,500. To calculate this in real terms we divide the capacity of the load cell by 6,500. For Example 1000gf capacity load cell 1,000/6,500 = 0.153gf measurement increments for load, This effectively means that a new load will increment every 0.153gf e.g. For position measurements. A data resolution of 0.0025 mm in its travel span. In other words, there is an event signal from the positional sensor for every 0.0025 mm of movement. Data is recorded at this level of resolution but only displayed at a resolution level of 0.01 mm of travel.
Precision is how reproducible or close identical measurements will be reported as a percentage of full scale.
This is extremely difficult to demonstrate practically as all samples will be slightly different. If calibrated weights are used we can anticipate that our repeatability will be directly a function of accuracy
DATA CAPTURE RATE:
Intelligent filter data from 16,000 down to 2,000 points per second. This enables texture analyzers to operate at a much higher data rate than competitor systems. This means that the load displayed is truer providing the user with a much greater number of "peaks" and "troughs" from trace, although this can be smoothed later within the software.
A high data capture rate is offered so that food technologists are able to collect all available information relating to the textural properties of their samples. This is of particular relevance with brittle foods where the micro fractures caused by the test probe entering or deforming the sample are of importance.
Simple three-point bend test on a cookie.
The brittle structure of the sample exhibits micro-fractures from the minute the test probe touches its surface. These fractures are clearly visible at the 2000pps data capture rate and allows the food technologist to obtain a full and detailed interpretation of the biscuits structure. Had the data been filtered to 500pps these initial fractures would have gone undetected and the food technologist would have potentially made an incorrect assessment of the biscuits fracture characteristics.
AMPLIFICATION OF LOADS:
Systems available to day can collect unfiltered force readings at 16,000 points per second using a 14 bit processor. Not following the principles of amplifying or digitally enhancing the raw data through averaging and calculation of new data points when measuring in the lower region of load cell capacity is a mistake. This is why it is recommend that the use of load cells which match the preferred range of measurement are used. It is often better to have more than one load cell to cover a variety of products.
It is important that you choose the correct load cell. Each load cell has a level of accuracy relating to its full scale measuring capability.
If you measure a very soft product such as cream cheese you will generate very low forces of around 2-3N. The +/- accuracy value means that if I use a 2500N load cell the potential instrumental error will be greater than the force one is wishing to measure.
SUMMARY
1. 10 load cell capacity options from 200gf to 255kgf capacity
2. Choose load cell capacity to match measured range ideally between 10 and 90% of the load cell's capacity
3. Filter data post test to smooth peaks post test in software
4. Collect 2000 points per second of load, position and speed
5. Accuracy is measured as % of Full Scale. If Accuracy is not stated resolution is irrelevant as measurement will not be true
6. Load cell is calibrated over full range of capacity
7. No amplification of signal to improve accuracy and resolution below 10% of load cell capacity


text:
Jain History of Maharashtra
Maharashtra has its history of at least 5000 years and the from the beginning, this region is stronghold of Jainism and Jains. The oldest evidence of Jains in Maharshtra is Valmiki Ramayan, which states that Shabari in Dandakaranya was a Shramani i.e. a Jain woman. In Mahabharat, it is stated that Rukmini of Amaravati (Vidarbh) too was a Shramani.
The oldest inscription in Maharshtra is a Jain inscription. It is in a cave near Pale village in Pune district of Maharashtra. This 2nd century B.C.E. inscription is in Prakrit language and contains Namokar Mantra.
Marathi language was born from a Prakrit language called Jain Maharashtri. The first Marathi inscription is carved at Shravanbelgola, Karnatak near the left foot of statue of Bhagwan Bahubali. It was inscripted in C.E. 981
Maharashtra was ruled by many Jain dynasties like Chalukyas, Rashtrakoots and Shilahars. Most of the forts in Maharashtra are built by kings from these dynasties. That is why you see Jain temples or idols on many forts in Maharashtra.
Most of the people in Maharashtra were follower of Jainism in ancient and medieval period. This fact is clearly stated in many Hindu religious books like Shankardigvijay and Shivlilamrut.
This site will give detailed information on this subject soon.


text:
Gulliver's Travels Questions Part III, Chapters 1-3: How does Gulliver get to Laputa?
1.How does Gulliver get to Laputa?
2. How does Laputa differ from a normal country?
3. How do the people differ from those in most countries?
4. What unusual kind of servants do the better-off Laputans have?
5. What is unusual about Laputan food and clothing?


Get into data with Groovy
Part 2: Object grabber
Hands on In the first part of this two-part series we looked at how Groovy provides a simple and intuitive approach to accessing MySQL. Compared to Java, Groovy is less verbose and more focused on what the developer wants to do with the database.
Additionally, things like opening and closing database connections, writing boilerplate code to handle exceptions and other house-keeping activities are hidden from the developer.
However, there's more to Groovy's database abilities than syntactic sugar sweetening Java's JDBC architecture. Having used the Sql object, let's turn to Groovy's DataSet object.
Where the Sql object uses SQL to interact with the database, the DataSet hides SQL completely, and instead grabs rows of data, each of which is stuffed directly into a map - the data structure also known as a dictionary or associative array in other languages. A map stores data as key/value pairs, and in this particular case the keys are database fields and the values are data points.
A quick example will make all of this clear, and as before we'll work with our users table from the pers database. We create a DataSet as follows:
import groovy.sql.Sql
import groovy.sql.DataSet
def sql = Sql.newInstance("jdbc:mysql://192.168.16.175:3306/pers", "pan","regdev", "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
def ds=sql.dataSet('users')
We connect to MySQL using Sql.newInstance and then use the dataSet method to create the DataSet. The first thing to note is that instead of a SQL query we just give the name of the table, and it's the complete table that is returned. We can take a look at the data using the rows method as follows:
x=ds.rows()
x.each { println it }
Putting the previous code into a file called ds.groovy and running it from the command-line gives us the following result:
["user_name":"tom", "user_id":1, "email":"_EMAIL_"] ["user_name":"dick", "user_id":2, "email":"_EMAIL_"] ["user_name":"harry", "user_id":3, "email":"_EMAIL_"] ["user_name":"george", "user_id":4, "email":"_EMAIL_"]
In other words, each row contains a map of key: value pairs, where the key is the field name and the value is the content of that field for the record.
So far so good, but how much value is there in simply being able to grab complete tables from MySQL into a Groovy data structure? Plenty.
Firstly, we can access individual columns in a very straightforward manner. Want to grab all of the user names? Try this:
x.each {println it.user_name}
How about some filtering of data? Say we want to grab only those users who have a user_id > 2. Rather than doing a SELECT WHERE query, we can use the DataSet directly:
over_2 = x.findAll { it.user_id > 2 }
over_2.each { println it.user_name }
All of this without having to requery the data. And you can chain query clauses, say you want all users with a user_id >2 and a user_name not equal to harry:
not_harry = ds.findAll { it.user_id > 2 && it.user_name != 'harry' }
not_harry.each { println it.user_name }
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text:
6 Definitions of Pas
The definition of pas, the meaning of the word Pas:
Is pas a scrabble word? Yes!
- n. - (ballet) a step in dancing (especially in classical ballet)
- n. - An informal term for a father; probably derived from baby talk
- n. - A short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead
- n. - A unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter
- n. - A Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies
- n. - An electronic amplification system used as a communication system in public areas
Pas is worth 5 points in Scrabble, and 6 points in Words with Friends
There are 3 letters in pas: A P S
3 Anagrams of Pas
Words that can be created with an extra letter added to pas:
5 words found using the letters in "Pas"
3 Letter Words
2 Letter Words
Sign up for our Free Scrabble Words newsletter. We won't send you spam or share your email address with anyone. We Promise.


Nobelprize.org
Nobel Prizes and Laureates
Nobel Prizes and Laureates
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903
Niels Ryberg Finsen
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Niels Ryberg Finsen - Facts
Niels Ryberg Finsen
Niels Ryberg Finsen
Born: 15 December 1860, Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)
Died: 24 September 1904, Copenhagen, Denmark
Affiliation at the time of the award: Finsen Medical Light Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Prize motivation: "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"
Field: dermatology, radiology
Prize share: 1/1
Life
Niels Finsen was born in the Faroe Islands, grew up in Iceland and moved in 1882 to Copenhagen to study medicine. In 1893, after a couple of years as a general practitioner, he devoted himself to research. Niels Finsen suffered from a metabolic disease that caused weakness and fatigue, but he noticed that light made him feel more energetic. This led him to study the medical benefits of light. Soon he had a research institute of his own. The disease prevented him from coming to the Nobel Prize ceremony, and he died shortly thereafter.
Work
Lupus vulgaris is a form of tuberculosis (TB) that attacks the skin, especially on the face and neck. Since the 1870s it was known that ultraviolet light had an inhibiting effect on bacteria, and Niels Ryberg Finsen thought tissues that had been attacked by bacteria might respond to treatment with light. In 1895 he used concentrated beams of ultraviolet light to treat patients with lupus vulgaris with some success. For a time, light therapy was widespread, but eventually it was supplanted by antibiotics.
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MLA style: "Niels Ryberg Finsen - Facts". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 17 Aug 2017. <_URL_
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text:
StatusThe thesis was presented on the 25 November, 2011
Approved by NCAA on the 16 February, 2012
Abstract– 0.57 Mb / in romanian
Thesis structure: introduction, three chapters, general conclusions and recommendations, bibliography of 184 titles, 9 annexes, 118 pages of basic text, including 25 tables, 14 figures and 4 formula. The work fundamental thesis was published in 10 scientific works, with 3,6 author sheets as volume.
Key words: rural marketing, investment attractiveness, rural benchmarking, mix of rural marketing, Investor Relations, Internet Marketing, investment marketing plan.
Domain of study: economics, marketing.
The goal and research objectives. The thesis goal consists in scientific foundation and the elaboration of conceptual base of rural marketing and the investment attractiveness appreciation of the rural localities. The proposed goal imposes the solution of the following objectives: The conceptual aspects studding over the rural space and of the investment attractiveness through the marketing prism; Identification of the advantages of Marketing Internet applying and of the benchmarking process as possibility of promotion the rural localities; The elaboration of the appreciation methodology of the investment attractiveness of the rural localities; The submission of a methodological application in the way of elaboration of an investment marketing plan as a component plan of the investment strategy of the rural locality.
The work scientific innovation consists in the rural marketing concept concretization, the elaboration of the appreciation methodology of the locality investment attractiveness; benchmarking activity transposition on rural dimension; the revelation of particularities of the elements of mix of the of rural marketing.
The current scientific problem of high significance, resolved in the study: Аs а result of the studies of the carried out research there was developed the appreciation mechanism applying of the investment attractiveness of the rural localities.
The applicative value of the researches. The thesis materials may be used in the Local Public Administration activity, as well as at the analytical programs elaboration for didactic activity of higher educational institutions with economic field.
Implementation of the scientific results. The research results were presented and debated at the scientific conferences and symposiums and also published in scientific magazines in the field. Several recommendations, elaborated in this thesis, have been accepted for implementation in the activity of the mayoralties of the rural localities.


ing the developer's work, once you have understood the syntax that it requires. You can use this example every time you have to return a list of objects from a DataSet. One thing that is special about this method is the passed parameter fromUri that is required to return the ThumbnailUrl. As the Silverlight app can be deployed anywhere on the net, and thus the path to the HttpHandler that returns the thumbnail image changes, I pass in the URI from the calling page. Like that, I am sure that the address for the ThumbnailUrl is always correct.
C#
/// <summary>
/// Gets a list with the information about the images.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fromUri">The Url from which the call is made.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override List<ImageInfo> GetImageInfo(Uri fromUri)
{
 string sql = "Select * from DeepZoomImage order by imageName";
 var dataAdapter = new OleDbDataAdapter(sql, dbConnection);
 var ds = new DataSet();
 dataAdapter.Fill(ds, "ImageInfo");
 var imageInfos = from image in ds.Tables["ImageInfo"].AsEnumerable()
 select new ImageInfo
 {
 ImageId = image.Field<int>("ImageId"),
 ImageName = image.Field<string>("ImageName"),
 Height = image.Field<int>("Height"),
 Width = image.Field<int>("Width"),
 TileSize = image.Field<int>("TileSize"),
 Overlap = image.Field<int>("Overlap"),
 MimeType = image.Field<string>("MimeType"),
 ThumbnailUrl = new Uri(fromUri,
 "ThumbnailHandler.ashx?ImageId=" +
 image.Field<int>("ImageId")).ToString()
 };
 return imageInfos.ToList();
}
The returned list of ImageInfo objects is then passed to the Silverlight application using a WCF Service. Here is how the Service, that is defined in the ASP.NET application, looks like:
C#
namespace DeepZoomSilverlightWeb
{
 [ServiceContract(Namespace = "")]
 [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode =
 AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
 public class ImageListService
 {
 /// <summary>
 /// Gets a list of images from the database.
 /// </summary>
 /// <returns>A list of ImageInfo objects</returns>
 [OperationContract]
 public List<ImageInfo> GetImageList()
 {
 DbDzComposer.DzDbAccess accessDb = Helper.GetAccessDb();
 return accessDb.GetImageInfo(HttpContext.Current.Request.Url);
 }
 }
}
In the Silverlight app that consumes the returned list, we call the GetImageList method from within the constructor of the page. As this is an async call, we bind it in the completed event handler of that method.
First, initialize imageListClient...
C#
public Page()
{
 InitializeComponent();
 // Setting the datasource for the list
 var imageListClient = ServiceClientFactory.GetImageListServiceClient();
 imageListClient.GetImageListCompleted +=
 new EventHandler<DeepZoomSilverlightProject.
 ImageListClient.GetImageListCompletedEventArgs>(
 imageListCliet_GetImageListCompleted);
 imageListClient.GetImageListAsync();
Bind the result to the imageList and select the first item in the list...
C#
/// <summary>
/// Handles the GetImageListCompleted event of the imageListCliet control.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender">The source of the event.</param>
/// <param name="e">The <see cref="DeepZoomSilverlight
/// Project.ImageListClient.GetImageListCompletedEventArgs"/>
/// instance containing the event data.</param>
void imageListCliet_GetImageListCompleted(object sender,
 DeepZoomSilverlightProject.ImageListClient.GetImageListCompletedEventArgs e)
{
 // Set the datasource for the image list control
 imageList.ItemsSource = e.Result;
 if (imageList.Items.Count > 0)
 imageList.SelectedIndex = 0;
}
And, in the SelectionChanged event of the listbox, we pass the MultiScaleImage a MultiScaleTileSource object...
C#
private void imageList_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
 ImageInfo imageInfo = imageList.SelectedItem as ImageInfo;
 if (imageInfo != null)
 {
 // Setting the source of the multi scale image
 msi.Source = new DeepZoomTileSource(imageInfo.ImageId,
 imageInfo.Width, imageInfo.Height, imageInfo.TileSize,
 imageInfo.Overlap, imageInfo.MimeType);
 }
}
That's all. I hope you find the code useful and easy to follow. If you have any comments or suggestions, just let me know.
History
 - 04 February 2009 - Version 1.0 created
 - 25 March 2009 - Article updated
License
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
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About the Author
Joerg Lang
CEO
Switzerland Switzerland
I have my own software company called Evelix (_URL_). The company is located in Liestal, Switzerland. I develop software for the web and the desktop. Every now and then I give computer classes in a learning institution.
I was born in 1966, am married and have one kid. Hobbies are Fasnacht (_URL_), skiing and of course computers.
Actually I studied mechanical engineering and have a bachelors degree in it, but computers interested me since I had a Commodore C128. In the meantime my mobile has a thousand times more memory than my computers back then. First I started programming in Basic. After that I did use Pascal for a while, but the real (commercial) programming started with VB3. Now I do programming in C# and sometimes still in VB6 when I have to support an older application.
Currently I'm working towards my Microsoft Certified Trainer status.
Comments and Discussions

QuestionCan't success in Silverlight 4 Pin
eHuaTian24-Sep-12 4:06
MembereHuaTian24-Sep-12 4:06
AnswerRe: Can't success in Silverlight 4 Pin
Joerg Lang24-Sep-12 20:38
MemberJoerg Lang24-Sep-12 20:38
QuestionUsing Ms Access as a Pivot Viewer Collection Pin
nirajzambad3-Aug-12 22:50
Membernirajzambad3-Aug-12 22:50
Questionhttp://www.imagesurf.net Pin
iimagegrapher23-Nov-11 19:07
Memberiimagegrapher23-Nov-11 19:07
QuestionLoad Multi image in msi from database Pin
vahidbakhtiary2-Aug-11 20:31
Membervahidbakhtiary2-Aug-11 20:31
AnswerRe: Load Multi image in msi from database Pin
Joerg Lang5-Aug-11 3:33
MemberJoerg Lang5-Aug-11 3:33
GeneralRe: Load Multi image in msi from database Pin
vahidbakhtiary9-Aug-11 0:47
Membervahidbakhtiary9-Aug-11 0:47
GeneralRe: Load Multi image in msi from database Pin
Joerg Lang9-Aug-11 1:10
MemberJoerg Lang9-Aug-11 1:10
GeneralRe: Load Multi image in msi from database Pin
vahidbakhtiary13-Aug-11 0:34
Membervahidbakhtiary13-Aug-11 0:34
GeneralRe: Load Multi image in msi from database Pin
Joerg Lang18-Aug-11 20:32
MemberJoerg Lang18-Aug-11 20:32
QuestionHow can i use DbDzComposer in silverlight application Pin
pouya_devil9-Jul-11 4:39
Memberpouya_devil9-Jul-11 4:39
AnswerRe: How can i use DbDzComposer in silverlight application Pin
Joerg Lang9-Jul-11 12:51
MemberJoerg Lang9-Jul-11 12:51
GeneralRe


turn tail
1 [teyl]
Astronomy. the luminous stream extending from the head of a comet.
the reverse of a coin (opposed to head ).
Aeronautics. the after portion of an airplane or the like.
the tapering skirts or ends at the back of a coat, especially a tail coat.
men's full-dress attire.
Distilling. alcohol obtained in the final distillation. Compare head ( def 22 ).
Slang. the buttocks or rump.
Slang: Vulgar.
sexual intercourse.
Usually Disparaging and Offensive. a woman considered as a sex object.
the hinder, bottom, or end part of anything; the rear.
a final or concluding part of a sentence, conversation, social gathering, etc.; conclusion; end: The tail of the speech was boring. Toward the tail of the concert I'd begun to get tired.
the inferior or unwanted part of anything.
a long braid or tress of hair.
a line of persons awaiting their turns at something; queue.
a retinue; train.
the lower part of a pool or stream.
Printing, Bookbinding. the bottom of a page or book.
coming from behind: a tail breeze.
verb (used with object)
to form or furnish with a tail.
to terminate; come after or behind; follow like a tail.
Building Trades. to fasten (a beam, stone, etc.) by one end (usually followed by in or into ).
verb (used without object)
to follow close behind: She always tails after her sister.
Building Trades. (of a beam, stone, etc.) to be fastened by one end (usually followed by in or into ).
turn tail,
to turn one's back on, as in aversion or fright.
to run away from difficulty, opposition, etc.; flee: The sight of superior forces made the attackers turn tail.
with one's tail between one's legs, utterly humiliated; defeated; cowed: They were forced to retreat with their tails between their legs.
before 900; Middle English; Old English tægl; cognate with Old Norse tagl horse's tail, Gothic tagl hair, Middle High German zagel tail, Middle Low German tagel rope-end
tailer, noun
tailless, adjective
taillessly, adverb
taillessness, noun
taillike, adjective
The meanings "sexual intercourse" and "female sexual partner" are both vulgar slang. When referring to a person, the term tail is usually used with disparaging intent and perceived as insulting.
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To turn tail
World English Dictionary
tail1 (teɪl)
1. the region of the vertebrate body that is posterior to or above the anus and contains an elongation of the vertebral column, esp forming a flexible movable appendageRelated: caudal
2. anything resembling such an appendage in form or position; the bottom, lowest, or rear part: the tail of a shirt
3. the last part or parts: the tail of the storm
4. the rear part of an aircraft including the fin, tailplane, and control surfaces; empennage
5. astronomy the luminous stream of gas and dust particles, up to 200 million kilometres long, driven from the head of a comet, when close to the sun, under the effect of the solar wind and light pressure
6. the rear portion of a bomb, rocket, missile, etc, usually fitted with guiding or stabilizing vanes
7. a line of people or things
8. a long braid or tress of hair: a ponytail; a pigtail
9. angling Also called: tailfly the lowest fly on a wet-fly cast
10. a final short line in a stanza
11. informal a person employed to follow and spy upon another or others
12. See buttock an informal word for buttocks
13. taboo, slang
 a. the female genitals
 b. a woman considered sexually (esp in the phrases piece of tail, bit of tail)
14. printing
 a. the margin at the foot of a page
 b. the bottom edge of a book
15. the lower end of a pool or part of a stream
16. informal the course or track of a fleeing person or animal: the police are on my tail
17. (modifier) coming from or situated in the rear: a tail wind
18. turn tail to run away; escape
19. with one's tail between one's legs in a state of utter defeat or confusion
20. to form or cause to form the tail
21. to remove the tail of (an animal); dock
22. (tr) to remove the stalk of: to top and tail the gooseberries
23. (tr) to connect (objects, ideas, etc) together by or as if by the tail
24. informal (tr) to follow stealthily
25. (Austral) (tr) to tend (cattle) on foot
26. (intr) (of a vessel) to assume a specified position, as when at a mooring
27. to build the end of (a brick, joist, etc) into a wall or (of a brick, etc) to have one end built into a wall
Related: caudal
[Old English tægel; related to Old Norse tagl horse's tail, Gothic tagl hair, Old High German zagal tail]
tail2 (teɪl)
1. See also entail the limitation of an estate or interest to a person and the heirs of his body
2. (immediately postpositive) (of an estate or interest) limited in this way
[C15: from Old French taille a division; see tailor, tally]
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History
"hindmost part of an animal," O.E. tægl, tægel, from P.Gmc. *tagla- (cf. O.H.G. zagal, Ger. Zagel "tail," dialectal Ger. Zagel "penis," O.N. tagl "horse's tail"), from PIE *doklos, from base *dek- "something long and thin" (referring to such things as fringe, lock of hair, horsetail; cf.
O.Ir. dual "lock of hair," Skt. dasah "fringe, wick"). The primary sense, at least in Gmc., seems to have been "hairy tail," or just "tuft of hair," but already in O.E. the word was applied to the hairless "tails" of worms, bees, etc. Another O.E. word for "tail" was steort (see stark). Meaning "reverse side of a coin" is from 1680s; that of "backside of a person, buttocks" is recorded from c.1300; slang sense of "pudenda" is from mid-14c.; that of "woman as sex object" is from 1933, earlier "prostitute" (1846). The tail-race (1776) is the part of a mill race below the wheel. To turn tail "take flight" (1580s) originally was a term in falconry. The image of the tail wagging the dog is attested from 1907.
"limitation of ownership," a legal term, 1321 in Anglo-Fr.; 1284 in Anglo-L., in most cases an aphetic form of entail.
"follow secretly," U.S. colloquial, 1907, is from earlier sense of "follow or drive cattle," from tail (n.1). Tail off "diminish" is attested from 1854.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
American Heritage
Medical Dictionary
tail (tāl)
The posterior part of an animal, especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body.
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Cite This Source
American Heritage
Science Dictionary
tail (tāl) Pronunciation Key
 1. The rear, elongated part of many animals, extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body. Tails are used variously for balance, combat, communication, mating displays, fat storage, propulsion and course correction in water, and course correction in air.
 2. A long, stream of gas or dust forced from the head of a comet when it is close to the Sun. Tails can be up to 150 million km (93 million miles) long, and they always point away from the Sun because of the force of the solar wind. ◇ Plasma tails, or ion tails, appear bluish and straight and narrow, and are formed when solar wind forces ionized gas to stream off the coma. Dust tails are wide and curved, and are formed when solar heat forces trails of dust off the coma; solid particles reflecting the Sun's light create their bright yellow color.
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Cite This Source
Slang Dictionary
turn tail (and run) definition
 1. tv


text:
What does it take to be an Elementary School Teacher?
Elementary School Teachers are responsible for the academic and emotional well-being of their students. As such a teacher will need strong communication skills as well as the ability to be patient and understanding with students of each level. A large amount of energy is needed for each day, as well as a great amount of creativity to keep students interested in learning.
Besides communication, patience, creativity and energy, teachers are generally required to gain a degree in Early Learning, with most states in the United States requiring a specific amount of educational credits to be earned over the course of study.
While requirements vary from state-to-state and country-to-country, one recurring theme is the requirement of a Teaching Certification. This Certification generally involves gaining a Bachelor's Degree as well as passing an exam, as well as performing a specified number of hours as a supervised practice teacher.
How you're compatible
Find your compatibility with this career and discover the career that you're meant for.
Elementary School Teachers on sokanu
Does your group have something to offer people in this career? Contact us at _EMAIL_ if you're interested in a partnership.


text:
Chapter 8. The pillars of good unit tests
This chapter covers
- Writing trustworthy tests
- Writing maintainable tests
- Writing readable tests
- Exploring naming conventions for unit tests
No matter how you organize your tests, or how many you have, they're worth very little if you can't trust them, maintain them,
or read them. The tests that you write should have three properties that together make them good:
- Trustworthiness —Developers will want to run trustworthy tests, and they'll accept the test results with confidence. Trustworthy tests don't
have bugs, and they test the right things.
- Maintainability —Unmaintainable tests are nightmares because they can ruin project schedules, or they may be sidelined when the project is put on a more...


text:
The paper presents a novel model calibration and validation strategy of membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment. The approach is based on a dynamic model of the activated sludge process and it consists simultaneously on estimating the model's parameters and computing the dissolved oxygen control input. Activated sludge model No. 1 (ASM1) has been widely used to describe the biological process of activated sludge processes. However, most system states and parameters within ASM1 are not easily obtained, hence not applicable for model calibration and validation. In this work, a reduced-order model presented herein serves as a tool for predicting the dynamic behavior of the MBR plant. The model contains only 4 measurable states, where 13 parameters need to be identified. To reduce the complexity of the calibration, the static sensitivity analysis is performed to select the sensitive parameters. The selected parameters are identified based on directly measurable real-time data obtained from the plant. In addition, the dissolved oxygen is also maintained at a certain level to mimic the real-time control behavior. Model calibration is achieved based on a sliding window optimization problem, which searches for the optimal parameters set and control variables during each identification cycle. Different datasets sampled for the same MBR plant have been used for model validation. Both calibration and validation results are evaluated by several performance indexes, which indicates an acceptable correspondence with the experimental data. The developed model can be employed for process state estimation and control purpose as well as design issues for MBR systems.
Bibliographical noteKAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2021-02-01
Acknowledged KAUST grant number(s): BAS/1/_PHONE_, REI/1/4178-03-01
Acknowledgements: This work has been supported by the KAUST, Saudi Arabia baseline (BAS/1/_PHONE_) and Center of Excellence for NEOM research at KAUST, Saudi Arabia flagship project research fund (REI/1/4178-03-01) awarded to Taous Meriem Laleg.


The effects of multichannel compression/expansion amplification on the intelligibility of nonsense syllables in noise
Gary Walker*, Denis Byrne, Harvey Dillon
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
29 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
The effects of six-channel compression and expansion amplification on the intelligibility of nonsense syllables embedded in speech spectrum noise were examined for four hearing-impaired subjects. For one condition (linear) the stimulus was given six-channel amplification with frequency shaping to suit the subject's hearing loss. The other condition (nonlinear) was the same except that low level inputs, to any given channel, received expansion amplification and high level inputs received compression. For each condition, each subject received the nonsense syllables at three different input levels, representing low, average, and high intensity speech. The results of this study, like those of most other studies of multichannel compression, are mainly negative. Nonlinear processing (mainly expansion) of low intensity speech resulted in a significant degradation of speech intelligibility for two subjects and in no improvement for the others. One subject showed a significant improvement in intelligibility for the nonlinearly processed average intensity speech and another subject showed significant improvement for the high intensity input (mainly compression). Clearly, nonlinear processing is beneficial for some subjects, under some listening conditions, but further research is needed to identify the relevent characteristics of such subjects. An acoustic analysis of selected items revealed that the failure of expansion to improve intelligibility was primarily due to the very low intensity consonants /e/ and /k/, in final position, being presented at an even lower intensity in the expansion condition than in the linear condition. Expansion may be worth further investigation with different parameters. Several other problems caused by the multichannel processing were also revealed. These included alteration of spectral shapes and band interaction effects. Ways of overcoming these problems, and of capitalizing on the likely advantages of multichannel amplification, are currently being investigated.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)746-757
Number of pages12
JournalJournal of the Acoustical Society of America
Volume76
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1984
Externally publishedYes
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