text:
links to such countries themselves (e.g. Irish-English overtones are prominent in Utila). Exhibit caution about commenting on linguistic skills to locals even positively, as those who do not speak mainstream Spanish suffer certain social stigmas (e.g. not "real" Hondurans, lower class, etcetera).
 Expressions of Honduras
What "Punta" Means
The best known traditional dance in Honduras is punta, called banguity (new life) by the Garífunas. There are different stories about why punta is danced at wakes. Claudio Mejía, a Garífuna from La Punta, Colon explains, "If a man was a happy, popular kind of guy in life, then you want to give him a happy kind of wake." This coincides with African traditions, that when the body dies, the soul is in a kind of stupor and does not leave the body immediately. So friends and relatives party one last time with the deceased. Here, new life is understood as making the transition from being a person to becoming an ancestor. Another explanation is given by Fausto Miguel Alvarez, a teacher from Cristales, Trujillo. "People dance, because even though this one Garífuna has died, another thousand will be born." Here new life is understood to be the new life created in the wee hours of the morning after people go home. Garífunas, like the West Africans they descend from, believe in reincarnation. The spirit of the now deceased grandfather, for example, can be reborn in one of the new grandchildren.
The story behind the name punta is different from its Garífuna counterpart. Once when an enemy died, the people said, "We are going to celebrate and dance from punta a punta (point to point). The punta here refers to point - a piece of land that juts out into the sea. One Garífuna teacher said, "This is why some Garífunas do not agree with the dancing of punta at wakes. It is as if you were dancing when an enemy died." Punta Music and Rhythm Punta was originally danced just by older people. It is the only type of music played at Garífuna wakes. Punta can be sung at the end of mourning ceremonies, known as fin de novenario in Spanish. During a Garífuna wake, there are a number of activities going on. From time to time, family members wail and cry before a coffin that has been put in a specially decorated room. Then, some of the men tune up the drums to play punta. The women sing. People go in one by one or in pairs to dance. Punta music for wakes is played with traditional instruments. These include first and second drums, maracas, a conch shell and sometimes claves - two hardwood sticks that are beat together. The music is sung in Garífuna with a soloist and chorus, like African music or a Gospel music choir. Punta music sounds happy, but the words are often sad. "Yesterday you were well. Last night you caught a fever. Now in the morning you are dead," says one song.
The rhythm pattern is very complex. One drum plays 2/4 or 4/4 beat. The second drum plays 6/8. This is the beat to which the feet move. The women sing in 4/4 time. Sometimes the songs have counter rhythms. The second drum is steady, but the conch shell, maracas, and first drum improvise solos similar to jazz.
This type of sensual dance performed at wakes has also been reported in Jamaica and West Africa. Music also accompanies the dead to the tomb, a custom probably related to Yoruba burial customs, the same origin as the New Orleans jazz funeral.
[add listing] See
[add listing] Do
Cusuco National Park expeditions Cusuco Park can be visited by private all inclusive tours leaving from San Pedro or following the Cusuco backpacking mountain route. Visited 10 weeks of the year by Operation Wallacea, one of the world's top end scientific expedition. Available activities range for all group styles either looking for adventure or just a relaxing mountain experience. Jungle waterfalls, night trekking, dwarf forest and many more.
[add listing] Buy
There is always plenty to do while vacationing in Honduras. In San Pedro, things that revolve around shopping include visiting the City Mall and Metroplaza Mall. In these Westernized areas you can stock up on practical necessities such as adventure clothing for upcoming trips into the Honduran hinterland. Or, if you just like shopping, you can buy clothes and goods for everyday use at pleasingly cheap prices. Mercado de Artesanias Guamilito
Leather goods are particularly famous from here, though in truth you can find just about anything, from clothes to trinkets to food and drinks. The Mercado forcibly calls for you to use your bartering skills; obtaining the price you want can prove one of the more difficult—and therefore rewarding—activities in San Pedro Sula.
The National currency of Honduras is the Lempira but, like almost everywhere in Central America, the U.S. Dollar acts as a second currency and nearly every business accepts both. The U.S. Dollar is the main currency on the Bay Islands due to the frequency of cruises that come by (and by looking around, there are a lot of Americans). It is wise to carry small bills (under $20), especially $2 bills (considered lucky and makes a good tip). It is very important to use only bills printed recently and to avoid notes with tears.
ATM's can be found in most cities. Some ATM's dispense both U.S. Dollars and Lempiras and nearly all can be used in English. Be sure to bring cash to the Bay Islands because they do not have very many ATMs. Nearly all banks exchange money just make sure to bring your passport for identification purposes.
As of July 2011, there are 19 Lempiras to one Dollar and 27L for 1€. Sometimes it may be cheaper to buy in Lempiras.
If going to another country, exchange all lempiras as they are useless once you leave the country, but they can be exchanged at most borders.
 Mobile (3G/GPRS) internet access
If you have an internet capable mobile phone such as iPhone, Google Android, Nokia N95 etc or USB dongle for your laptop, you just need a local SIM card (roughly 25 lempiras) and can start enjoying the prepaid access plans, which generally come in lots of an hour, a day, or a week and have a specific maximum usage.
Here is a table for the settings and activation options for various providers, including approximate costs.
Handicrafts - Honduras is famous for its Lenca ceramics and cotton sock manufacturing.
If visiting San Pedro Sula, be sure to visit El Mercado Guamilito. You will find many wonderful and cheap handicrafts like hand carved wooden boxes, Lencan pottery, hammocks, paintings, leather products from Nicaragua, and beautiful hand-woven fabrics from Guatemala.
Leather Items - Honduran leather items are of fine quality at only a fraction of the price they would be overseas, making your visit to Honduras a great time to purchase these. Bags, attaché cases, belts, wallets and even garments are a bargain. One of the producers in San Pedro Sula whose quality is up to par with international standards is Danilo's Pura Piel.
Honduras has a long history as a silver mining country. Excellent artisans work the silver and produce very artistic and high quality silver products and jewelry. There are several different jewelers in town. Another popular item are paintings by Honduran artists. These usually depict colonial towns and mountain landscapes that are typical of Honduras. The best selection of these can be found at the Maymo art Gallery.
Valle de Angeles, a town near Tegucigalpa, is also known for its beautiful handicrafts, such as carved boxes and tables, hammocks, etc.
[add listing] Eat
The Honduran "Plato tipico" is the most famous lunch. It consists of rice, beef, fried beans (frijolitos), and fried bananas (tajaditas). If you are lucky, it will also come with chimol, a fresh, non-spicy salsa made of tomatoes, green peppers, onions, cilantro and lime juice.
Baleadas are a Honduran original. A baleada sencilla (simple) consists of a thick flour tortilla filled with refried beans, cheese (queso), and a type of cream similar to sour cream but not sour (crema or mantequilla). A baleada especial usually also comes with eggs in it and you can sometimes get avocado or even meat.
Other choices are tacos and enchiladas, though don't expect them to be like those in Mexico. The tacos are meat rolled in a corn tortilla and deep fried. The enchiladas are a flat fried corn tortilla topped with ground beef, cheese and a red sauce.
[add listing] Drink
San Pedro Sula has some of the country's best nightlife and is a great place to go out and to drink and dance the night away or to catch up on all the latest movies.
National beers: Salva Vida, Port Royal, Imperial and the newest Barena. To add, Barena is said to be the Miller Lite of Central America.
Coffee is great, and the brands from Copan are usually the best. Welches is considered to be the best by many locals. Coffee from Lepaera


text:
If the animals at Saginaw Childrens Zoo could talk, they would agree with tens of thousands of smiling kids that the zoos many new educational exhibits and attractions are a lot of fun.
The animals might also say that privatizationthe transfer of government-owned assets to the private sectoris the reason for the zoos recent success and the better care and feeding they now enjoy.
Animals cant talk, of course, but visitors and employees alike are amazed at the zoos transition from a neglected, city-owned facility to a privatized powerhouse that draws eager families from across the state. How did it happen?
In 1996, Saginaw officials turned over the ailing zoo to a private, nonprofit association. Freed from city bureaucracy and politics, the zoos new, private management raised $2 million in private gifts to help hire seven more full-time workers, raise their wages, add 50 new animals, and improve the animals medical care and food preparation facilities.
As a result, paid annual attendance has jumped by more than 30,000, helping ensure the zoos self-sufficiency next year, when its subsidies end.
Saginaw Zoos success shows that privatization done right can lead to improved services, better jobs, and happy children.
For the Mackinac Center, this is Catherine Martin.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Next: , Previous: Washing Mail, Up: Getting Mail
6.4.11 Duplicates
If you are a member of a couple of mailing lists, you will sometimes receive two copies of the same mail. This can be quite annoying, so nnmail checks for and treats any duplicates it might find. To do this, it keeps a cache of old Message-IDs: nnmail-message-id-cache-file, which is ~/.nnmail-cache by default. The approximate maximum number of Message-IDs stored there is controlled by the nnmail-message-id-cache-length variable, which is 1000 by default. (So 1000 Message-IDs will be stored.) If all this sounds scary to you, you can set nnmail-treat-duplicates to warn (which is what it is by default), and nnmail won't delete duplicate mails. Instead it will insert a warning into the head of the mail saying that it thinks that this is a duplicate of a different message.
This variable can also be a function. If that's the case, the function will be called from a buffer narrowed to the message in question with the Message-ID as a parameter. The function must return either nil, warn, or delete.
You can turn this feature off completely by setting the variable to nil.
If you want all the duplicate mails to be put into a special duplicates group, you could do that using the normal mail split methods:
 (setq nnmail-split-fancy
 '(| ;; Messages duplicates go to a separate group.
 ("gnus-warning" "duplicat\\(e\\|ion\\) of message" "duplicate")
 ;; Message from daemons, postmaster, and the like to another.
 (any mail "mail.misc")
 ;; Other rules.
 [...] ))
Or something like:
 (setq nnmail-split-methods
 '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate")
 ;; Other rules.
Here's a neat feature: If you know that the recipient reads her mail with Gnus, and that she has nnmail-treat-duplicates set to delete, you can send her as many insults as you like, just by using a Message-ID of a mail that you know that she's already received. Think of all the fun! She'll never see any of it! Whee!


Tolkien Gateway
Bridge of Khazad-dûm
Revision as of 09:03, 24 November 2005 by Hyarion (Talk | contribs)
The Bridge of Khazad-dûm is a narrow stone bridge crossing a chasm within the eastern gates of the Dwarf-city of Khazad-dûm. It was intended for defensive purposes - enemies who breached the outer defenses would be forced to cross a span of about fifty feet in single file. The depth of the chasm was incredible and the ceiling was high; on the outer side of the bridge was a flight of stairs leading to the exit, through the First Hall and the Great Gates of Moria.
The bridge is most noted for being the location of the encounter between Gandalf the Grey and the Balrog. It was broken by Gandalf during the fight but would most likely have been repaired by Dwarves after the War of the Ring, since it was on the main approach to the city from the east.
Chapter 5 in Book II of The Lord of the Rings is entitled "The Bridge of Khazad-dûm", making this a familiar phrase for Tolkien fans.


alexmngn alexmngn - 1 year ago 195
Javascript Question
React Native + Redux basic authentication
I'm looking for a way to create a basic authentication for my react-native app.
I couldn't find any good example for react-native app.
 - To login, the app sends the email/password + clientSecret to my server
 - If OK, the server returns accessToken + refreshToken
 - The user is logged in, all other requests include the bearer with the accessToken.
 - If the accessToken expires, the app requests a new one with the refreshToken automatically.
 - The user stays logged in all the time, the states should be saved in the phone.
What would be the best approach for this?
Thanks.
Answer Source
When an app communicates with a HTTP API which enforces some form of authentication, the app typically follows these steps:
 1. The app is not authenticated, so we prompt the user to log in.
 2. The user enters their credentials (username and password), and taps submit.
 3. We send these credentials to the API, and inspect the response:
 - On success (200 - OK): We cache the authentication token/ hash, because we're going to use this token/ hash in every subsequent request.
 - If the token/ hash does not work during any of the subsequent API requests (401 - Unauthorized), we'll need to invalidate the hash/ token and prompt the user to log in again.
 - Or, on failure (401 - Unauthorized): We display an error message to the user, prompting them re-enter their credentials.
Logging In
Based on the work flow defined above our app starts by displaying a login form, step 2 kicks in when the user taps the login button which dispatches the login action creator below:
/// actions/user.js
export function login(username, password) {
 return (dispatch) => {
 // We use this to update the store state of 'isLoggingIn'
 // which can be used to display an activity indicator on the login
 // view.
 dispatch(loginRequest())
 // Note: This base64 encode method only works in NodeJS, so use an
 // implementation that works for your platform:
 // 'base64-js' for React Native,
 // 'btoa()' for browsers, etc...
 const hash = new Buffer('${username}:${password}').toString('base64')
 return fetch('_URL_ {
 headers: {
 'Authorization': 'Basic ${hash}'
 }
 })
 .then(response => response.json().then(json => ({ json, response })))
 .then(({json, response}) => {
 if (response.ok === false) {
 return Promise.reject(json)
 }
 return json
 })
 .then(
 data => {
 // data = { authenticated: true, user: 'admin' }
 // We pass the 'authentication hash' down to the reducer so that it
 // can be used in subsequent API requests.
 dispatch(loginSuccess(hash, data.user))
 },
 (data) => dispatch(loginFailure(data.error || 'Log in failed'))
 )
 }
}
There's a lot of code in the function above, but take comfort in the fact that the majority of the code is sanitising the response and can be abstracted away.
The first thing we do is dispatch an action LOGIN_REQUEST which updates our store and lets us know that the user isLoggingIn.
dispatch(loginRequest())
We use this to display an activity indicator (spinning wheel, "Loading...", etc.), and to disable the log in button in our log in view.
Next we base64 encode the user's username and password for http basic auth, and pass it to the request's headers.
const hash = new Buffer('${username}:${password}').toString('base64')
return fetch('_URL_ {
 headers: {
 'Authorization': 'Basic ${hash}'
 }
/* ... */
If everything went well, we'll dispatch a LOGIN_SUCCESS action, which results in us having an authentication hash in our store, which we'll use in subsequent requests.
dispatch(loginSuccess(hash, data.user))
On the flip side, if something went wrong then we also want to let the user know:
dispatch(loginFailure(data.error || 'Log in failed')
The loginSuccess, loginFailure, and loginRequest action creators are fairly generic and don't really warrant code samples. See: _URL_
Reducer
Our reducer is also typical:
/// reducers/user.js
function user(state = {
 isLoggingIn: false,
 isAuthenticated: false
}, action) {
 switch(action.type) {
 case LOGIN_REQUEST:
 return {
 isLoggingIn: true, // Show a loading indicator.
 isAuthenticated: false
 }
 case LOGIN_FAILURE:
 return {
 isLoggingIn: false,
 isAuthenticated: false,
 error: action.error
 }
 case LOGIN_SUCCESS:
 return {
 isLoggingIn: false,
 isAuthenticated: true, // Dismiss the login view.
 hash: action.hash, // Used in subsequent API requests.
 user: action.user
 }
 default:
 return state
 }
}
Subsequent API requests
Now that we have an authentication hash in our store we can pass it into subsequent request's headers.
In our example below we're fetching a list of friends for our authenticated user:
/// actions/friends.js
export function fetchFriends() {
 return (dispatch, getState) => {
 dispatch(friendsRequest())
 // Notice how we grab the hash from the store:
 const hash = getState().user.hash
 return fetch('_URL_ {
 headers: {
 'Authorization': 'Basic ${hash}'
 }
 })
 .then(response => response.json().then(json => ({ json, response })))
 .then(({json, response}) => {
 if (response.ok === false) {
 return Promise.reject({response, json})
 }
 return json
 })
 .then(
 data => {
 // data = { friends: [ {}, {}, ... ] }
 dispatch(friendsSuccess(data.friends))
 },
 ({response, data}) => {
 dispatch(friendsFailure(data.error))
 // did our request fail because our auth credentials aren't working?
 if (response.status == 401) {
 dispatch(loginFailure(data.error))
 }
 }
 )
 }
}
You may find that most API requests typically dispatch the same 3 actions as above: API_REQUEST, API_SUCCESS, and API_FAILURE, and as such the majority of the request/ response code can be pushed into Redux middleware.
We fetch the hash authentication token from the store and setup the request.
const hash = getState().user.hash
return fetch('_URL_ {
 headers: {
 'Authorization': 'Basic ${hash}'
 }
})
/* ... */
If the API response with a 401 status code then we've got to remove our hash from the store, and present the user with a log in view again.
if (response.status == 401) {
 dispatch(loginFailure(data.error))
}
I've answered the question generically and only dealing with http-basic-auth.
I think that the concept may remain the same, you'll push the accessToken and refreshToken in the store, and extract it in subsequent requests.
If the request fails then you'll have to dispatch another action which updates the accessToken, and then recalls the original request.


Using PostgreSQL and SQL to Randomly Sample Data
Steve Pousty
7 min read
In the last post of this series we introduced trying to model fire probability in Northern California based on weather data. We showed how to use SQL to do data shaping and preparation. We ended with a data set that was ready with all the fire occurrences and weather data in a single table almost prepped for logistic regression.
There is now one more step: sample the data. If you have worked with logistic regression before you know you should try to balance the number of occurrences (1) with absences (0). To do this we are going to sample out from the non_fire_weather equal to the count in fire_weather and then combine them into one table.
Random sample of figures
Random sample of figures
Picture by OpenLearn Create
I thought for sure I was going to have to write PL/pgSQL or PL/Python to do this next task. As I tell people in my talks/workshops, "Start with Postgres until it doesn't work for your use case. Then go back and read the Postgres doc." Taking my own advice, I found a way to make this work with SQL. Let's do it together below. I'm gonna spin up a small instance in Crunchy Bridge to do this work.
Sampling the non-fire days
First we sample as many non_fire_weather records as there are in count of records in the fire_weather table. There are Postgres built-in functions for sampling tables (look for keyword TABLESAMPLE in the FROM clause). There are two built in functions and the documentation does a good job of explaining them:
The BERNOULLI method scans the whole table and selects or ignores individual rows independently with the specified probability. The SYSTEM method does block-level sampling with each block having the specified chance of being selected; all rows in each selected block are returned. The SYSTEM method is significantly faster than the BERNOULLI method when small sampling percentages are specified, but it may return a less-random sample of the table as a result of clustering effects.
You can pass a seed number as a parameter to the either method to guarantee repeatability of sampling between different calls to the query.
It's important to note that:
This sampling precedes the application of any other filters such as WHERE clauses.
It is also important to note that neither method guarantees to return the exact number of rows requested.
To get the exact number sample, we need to load an extension called tsm_system_rows. With tsm_system_rows we get the exact number of rows we requested (unless there are fewer rows in the table than requested). But again the caveats are important:
 - Like the built-in SYSTEM sampling method, SYSTEM_ROWS performs block-level sampling, so that the sample is not completely random but may be subject to clustering effects, especially if only a small number of rows are requested.
 - tsm_system_rows does not accept a seed number so two calls of the SQL function are not guaranteed to return the same set of records.
For our use case, I decided that getting the exact number is important and I did not think clustering would be an issue. A good test is to run the sampling below with the bernoulli method and the tsm_system_rows method and look for an increase in autocorrelation in our predictor variable for the tsm_system_rows.
For now, let's go ahead and add the extension:
CREATE EXTENSION tsm_system_rows;
Now we use a CTE and lateral join to get the data we want and put it into a table named "preanalysisdata":
WITH count*fire AS (
SELECT count(*) AS thecount FROM fire*weather
)
SELECT a.* INTO preanalysisdata FROM count_fire CROSS JOIN LATERAL
(SELECT * FROM non_fire_weather TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM_ROWS(count_fire.thecount))
AS a;
 1. The CTE is just getting us the count of records in the fire table.
 2. We then use a lateral join in the second part of the query to pass the count number from the CTE into the subquery at the end.
 3. The subquery uses the count of fire rows to randomly sample the exact same number of non-fire weather days.
 4. Once that lateral join finishes, the query then passes all the rows to the first part of the select query and puts the results into a new table.
We now have our non-fire data subsample that was randomly sampled from all the non-fire weather data put into a table.
Adding the fire data
Now we use a simple SQL UNION to concatenate the preanalysis data (no fires) with our fire data set to give us the data that is ready for analysis.
SELECT * INTO analysisdata FROM preanalysisdata UNION SELECT * FROM
fire_weather;
Final Steps
It's time for the final step of separating the data into training and validation sets. It is quite easy to want to focus on how well your statistical or data science model does with prediction of its training data. Unfortunately, by doing this you often end up tuning your model to be specific to the data used, ruining the model's ability to predict new data. In data science you often want to "hold back" some of your data to test how good your model is at predicting new data. With our dataset we are going to do 90% for training and 10% for validation. With PostgreSQL, this is as easy as two lines of code.
To separate our authoritative data for analysis we will make a new schema. This way we can give other data scientists read but NOT write permissions to this schema. By separating our final data we can be sure the data will not be accidentally altered by someone else:
CREATE SCHEMA final;
In writing the next lines of SQL I decided to go with simplicity over generality. I could have made these lines more general by using the CTE and expression types found above. Doing so would have allowed the query to work for any table size, but instead I manually calculated the 90% and 10% values for records and used them in the query.
First we get the training/analysis data:
SELECT * INTO final.analysis FROM analysisdata TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM_ROWS(2525);
Ninety percent of the original records equals 2525 records. Again we use the system_rows extension to randomly sample rows from the table. We also use "select into" to create the analysis table in the final schema.
Finally, we need to put the remaining rows into the validation table. Stated in plain English, I want all the rows from analysis data that are not in final.analysis. My first inclination was to write the query like this - please understand this is WRONG:
SELECT * INTO final.verification FROM analysisdata AS a, final.analysis AS fa
WHERE a.id != fa.id;
This actually does a cross join (also called cartesian product), for all the ids that are not equal between the tables.
There are several different SQL forms we could use to get the right answer. I chose this one because it had the best performance and it is the most "relational" style answer:
SELECT * INTO final.verification FROM analysisdata EXCEPT SELECT * FROM
final.analysis;
I also think reading this query makes it quite clear what we want for the outcome. You can read more about 'except' in the official documentation. You can check out this blog post where I give a discussion of how I got to this SQL.
Wrap up
I was really excited to find the ability to randomly sample a table right there in PostgreSQL. Again, I thought I was definitely going to have to write some PL/pgSQL, PL/Python, PL/R, or do it in the client code. Instead I can write some simple SQL and make generic sampling functions in one SQL call. If I wanted to I could have even passed a seed number into the sampling function to sample the exact same rows every time.
And with that we have finished breaking out our training and verification. Next step we are going to center and standardize the predictive variables we want to use in the logistic regression.
You could do all this simply by spinning up a PostgreSQL instance in Crunchy Bridge and use the data from the Github repo. Did you know about the table sampling function in SQL? Does it also bring you joy? Tell us more about how you have used table sampling functions. Leave a comment below or reach out to us on Twitter. Happy data sciencing!
Avatar for Steve Pousty
Written by
Steve Pousty
October 27, 2020 More by this author


text: In2O3 thin films were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method using the pneumatic spray set-up and compressed air as a carrier gas. Aqueous solutions containing InCl3.4H2O were deposited onto preheated glass sheets at substrate temperatures Ts=423–573K. X-ray differection (XRD) analysis confirmed the cubic bixbyite structure of indium oxide. The preferred growth orientation along the (211) plane for thin films. The crystallite size extracted from the XRD data corroborates the changes in full width at half maximum due to the variation in substrate temperature. It was shown that grain size of In2O3 thin film was (30)nm. Optical properties of In2O3 was studies and showed that the optical parameters (n, k α) were affected by substrate temperature.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
- Keywords > appropriate treatment
- Keywords > diagnosis and treatment
- Keywords > Good Prescribing Practice (GPP)
- Keywords > prescribing
- Keywords > prescribing practices - based on standard treatment guidelines
- Keywords > rational prescribing of medicines
- Keywords > selection of medicines
- Keywords > teaching - prescribing
(1994; 115 pages) [Arabic] [Bengali; Bangla] [French] [Korean] [Romanian] [Russian] [Spanish]
Part 2: Selecting your P(ersonal) drugs
This section teaches you how to choose your personal selection of drugs (called P-drugs). It explains the principles of drug selection and how to use them in practice. Chapter 2 explains why you should develop your own list of P-drugs. It also tells you how not to do it. Chapter 3 gives a detailed example of selecting P-drugs in a rational way. Chapter 4 provides the theoretical model with some critical considerations, and summarizes the process. Chapter 5 describes the difference between P-drug and P-treatment: not all health problems need treatment with drugs.
When selecting your P-drugs you may need to revise some of the basic principles of pharmacology, which are summarized in Annex 1.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Star Facts
 - Category Motion Pictures
 Address 1724 Vine Street
 Ceremony date 02/08/1960
Robert Benchley
Harvard, MA
Death Date:
Addition Websites
Robert Benchley
Although Benchley was known for misleading and fictional autobiographical statements about himself, he actually was the great-grandchild of the founder of Benchley, Texas: Henry Wetherby Benchley who was jailed for his help with the Underground Railroad. Robert Benchley was born on September 15, 1889 in Worcester, Massachusetts, to Charles and Maria Benchley.
Robert's older brother, Edmund, was rushed to the Spanish-American War days after graduation from West Point, and was a casualty almost immediately. The Benchley family was attending a public Fourth of July picnic when a bicycle messenger brought the notification telegram. In unthinking, stunned reaction, Maria Benchley cried out "Why couldn't it have been Robert?!", then standing by her side at the age of nine. Mrs. Benchley apologized profoundly and tried hard to atone for the remark. Edmund's death had a considerable effect upon Robert's life. Lillian Duryea, the bereaved, wealthy yeast heiress and fiancee of Edmund, undertook the funding of Robert's education; she made him a loan which, after he began to make money, she later called due. One theory holds that Edmund's death in battle seeded pacifist leanings in his writings. The period, however, was full of literary abreaction to the Great War, and Benchley was aware of the published remorse of A.A. Milne.


Description
Get information about the programming language used in a content object.
Note: this endpoint currently returns no data.
URL Allowed Methods
_URL_ (hash_type) :] (hash) /language/
GET, HEAD, OPTIONS
Arguments
hash_type (string)
optional parameter specifying which hashing algorithm has been used to compute the content checksum. It can be either sha1, sha1_git, sha256 or blake2s256. If that parameter is not provided, it is assumed that the hashing algorithm used is sha1.
hash (string)
hexadecimal representation of the checksum value computed with the specified hashing algorithm.
Request headers
Accept
the requested response content type, either application/json (default) or application/yaml
Response headers
Content-Type
this depends on Accept header of request
Returns
object
an object containing the following keys:
 - content_url (object): link to /api/1/content/ for getting information about the content
 - id (string): the sha1 identifier of the content
 - lang (string): the detected programming language if any
 - tool (object): information about the tool used to detect the programming language
HTTP status codes
200
no error
400
an invalid hash_type or hash has been provided
404
requested content cannot be found in the archive
Examples
/api/1/content/sha1:dc2830a9e72f23c1dfebef4413003221baa5fb62/language/
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text:
The way the brain generates empathy, even for those who differ physically from themselves has been mapped in a new study.
USC researcher Lisa Aziz-Zadeh found that empathy for someone to whom one can directly relate, for example, because they are experiencing pain in a limb that one possesses, is mostly generated by the intuitive, sensory-motor parts of the brain.
However, empathy for someone to whom one cannot directly relate relies more on the rationalizing part of the brain.
Aziz-Zadeh, assistant professor at USC's Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, said though they are engaged to differing degrees depending on the circumstance, it appears that both the intuitive and rationalizing parts of the brain work in tandem to create the sensation of empathy.
"People do it automatically," she said.
In an experiment, Aziz-Zadeh and a team from USC showed videos of tasks being performed by hands, feet, and a mouth to a woman who had been born without arms or legs and also to a group of 13 typically developed women.
Videos showed activities such as a mouth eating and a hand grasping an object. Researchers also showed videos of pain, in the form of an injection, being inflicted on parts of the body.
While the participants watched the videos, their brains were scanned using functional magnetic imaging (fMRI), and then those scans were compared, revealing the differing sources of empathy.
In an additional finding, Aziz-Zadeh discovered that when the congenital amputee viewed videos of tasks being performed that she could also perform but using body parts that she did not have, the sensory-motor parts of her brain were still strongly engaged.
For example, the participant can hold objects, but uses a stump in conjunction with her chin to do so rather than a hand.
If the goal of the action was impossible for her, then another set of brain regions involved in deductive reasoning were also activated.
The findings have been published online by Cerebral Cortex


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I'm trying to partition a network into one or more parts based on a set of critical vertices. I've got code that I believe solves my problem (at least, it has for the cases I'm interested in), but for the sake of ensuring correctness in general, I'm looking for the name of what I'm doing from graph theory, or even a reference on an equivalent algorithm or process.
The input network is a directed graph with a single source and sink vertex. The resultant partitions must have the same property as the original (directed graphs, single source vertex, single sink vertex), with the additional requirement that each partition should only have two vertices that are in the critical set, and they must be the initial and terminal vertices.
If the source and sink are the same vertex, the resultant sub-graph would contain a cycle. Existing code is available to detect and remove such cycles..
In this case a diagram is worth 1000 words, I've drawn up a simple graph, the colored vertices represent the critical vertices, and the dotted lines are the partitions of the graph.
In this case, the intention is to find any possible partitions between 1-1, 1-3, 1-7, 3-1, 3-3, 3-7, 7-1, 7-3 or 7-7. Only the partitions 1-3, 3-3 and 3-7 actually exist (see image below). Additionally, because the 3-3 partition is invalid, the graph has been relabeled to remove the inconsistancy.
If it helps, my python-eque psuedocode works by performing a series of forward and backward graph traversals to identify all of the possible partitions.
def graphTraversal(graph,srcid,endids): ''' Given a graph, start a traversal from srcid, stopping search along a branch any time a vertex is in endids. Return the visited subgraph ''' closed = set() open = set([srcid]) while len(open)!= 0: i = open.pop() for j in graph.succ(i): if (i,j) not in closed: if j not in endids: open.add(j) closed.add( (i,j) ) return = graphFromList(closed) def findAllValidPartitions(graph,srcids): res = for n in srcids: g2 = graphTraversal(graph,n,t) g2rev = reverseEdgesInGraph(g2) for s in srcids: g3 = graphTraversal(g2rev,s,t) g3rev = reverseEdgesInGraph(g3) g3rev = removeCycles(g3rev,s) if len(g3rev.E) > 0: res.append(g3rev) return res


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This is due to a string of deaths and charges in related to the membership intake process of these organizations the purpose of this study was to understand hazing and the meanings members of bglos attribute to it through the eyes of a symbolic interactionist. Ncaa college hazing should be outlawed due to the deaths it caused football nba usually an analysis of grimms article avoiding censorship referred to as just cartman the need for a team player in running a business or sport ncaa college basketball and more at abc an analysis of the effects of a good instructor on a group news eric theodore. The club was under suspension by the university at the time of death hazing had been outlawed at nevada pledge at east carolina university maintained that the 2010 deaths of her daughter and a second pledge were directly caused by sleep deprivation due to hazing east carolina state university delta sigma theta pledges victoria carter, 20. The lawsuit accuses the college of failing to control excessive drinking and hazing at its fraternities, adding that the school's failure helped lead to cole's death. Due to concerns about the risks of hazing that involve dangerous activities and drinking, many colleges have explicitly banned it in the interest of student safety some colleges have also cracked down on fraternity parties in response to complaints from other students.
Hazing is a cruel practice that should be made illegal in every state so that no person can be harmed both physically and mentally those who participate in hazing condone violence and brutality. The pi delta psi fraternity has been banned from the state of pennsylvania for 10 years and ordered to pay a fine of more than $110,000 after a pledge died during a 2013 hazing ritual. Difficult making accountable those responsible for the death of these young men due to hazing rising cases of death caused by hazing we should not forget that hazing is a documents similar to group 1 legal research on hazing fraternity uploaded by victoria santos people v robios uploaded by. A national fraternity was banned from operating in pennsylvania for 10 years and ordered to pay a $112,500 fine for the 2013 hazing death of pledge chun michael deng, a student at baruch college in new york.
At least four universities have banned campus greek life following hazing accusations and alcohol-related deaths but experts say greek life is too valuable to lose. The death of robert champion, a member of the florid a a&m marching band, is among the most high-profile hazing deaths in recent years that did not result from alcohol. Please report any inappropriate behavior or concerns about activities definition hazing is any action or situation, with or without the consent of the participants, which recklessly, intentionally, or unintentionally endangers the mental, physical, or academic health or safety of a student. Hazing might seem like something innocent, but there is nearly 200 years of history to prove that hazing deaths are a real risk any hazing incident can lead to an unintended fatality, whether it comes from an accident, an allergy exposure, or a sensitivity to alcohol. The county coroner's office verified the cause of death while there has been public speculation that the incident involved alpha kappa alpha, i want to remind you that we have no chapter of aka.
College students are subjected to hazing alcohol consumption, humiliation, isolation, sleep deprivation, and sex acts are hazing practices common across student groups join us and the clery center for a hazing education briefing on 7/25. Ished in the 1700s because of serious injuries and deaths caused by the practice 2 in the 18th and 19th centuries, "unacceptable and potentially illegal hazing," and beaten to death in a hazing incident 3 less injurious cases of hazers' striking initiates with ropes, belts,. Administrators at penn state's main campus in state college, pa, had already banned beta theta pi after the hazing death of a pledge, which has resulted in involuntary manslaughter charges. Deaths from hazing occur most often due to the excessive alcohol that is routinely part of the rituals and games played other deaths have happened due to falls and accidents during the course of the rituals or death after the event, believed to have been caused through participation in a hazing event the previous evening. The ban came during the sentencing of the fraternity and four pi delta psi members from baruch college in new york, who were convicted in the death of a pledge during a hazing ritual on a trip to the poconos in 2013.
The only reason why you know about those two instances at jsu and su is b/c it made the news what about the other cases where students are expelled/suspended from band and school due to hazing. Hazing has caused many deaths and psychological problems to its victims hazing humiliates, and degrades individuals people have heard of hazing recently due to the deaths of many kids and teenagers. Hazing has always been seen as a secretive campus activity when it comes to fraternities and pledging a series of many cases of injuries and deaths related to fraternity hazing activities occurred in the united states over periods of time. 8 charged with manslaughter in fraternity hazing death at penn 8 charged with manslaughter in fraternity hazing death at penn state greek life, hazing charges, hazing-related death,.
A recent hazing death demonstrates the shocking cruelty that alcohol-fueled students can exert upon freshman pledges cornell student left in fraternity library to die earlier this year, a 19-year-old student died in a fraternal hazing case that can only be described as barbaric. How many deaths have been caused by college hazing the controversies of greek life are back in the headlines, in part due to the death of penn state student timothy piazza tim, as he was known to his friends, pledged beta theta pi, and he died after a night's hazing ritual went horribly wrong. Hazing is a term used to describe various ritual and other activities involving harassment, abuse or humiliation used as a way of initiating a person into a group hazing is seen in many different types of groups, including in gangs, clubs, sports teams, military units, and workplaces in the. Hazing deaths: a grim accounting by hank nuwer april 4, i try hard to add any information that might cast doubt on whether a death was actually hazing caused or where the death cause was disputed by a family, members, an educational institution, or an organization chi tau (college-banned chapter) hazing death.
Nuwer has counted 104 deaths involving hazing since 1970 in one high-profile case, a drum major in florida a&m's marching 100 was beaten to death in november during a hazing on the band bus. Consequences of hazing for the person being hazed, for the person doing the hazing, and for the organization doing the hazing the media is full of stories reporting one of the worst possible consequences of hazing: death while death is a horrendous possible outcome, there are far more examples of less severe but still life-altering. This is a list of hazing deaths in the united statesthis is not an exhaustive list an exact list is not available because there is no central system for tracking hazing deaths, and the role of hazing in some deaths is subject to disagreement inclusion in this list requires that the incident was described by the media as a hazing-related death.


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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 (Political Science) Power Sharing in PDF format updated for new academic session 2022-2023 for UP Board, MP Board, Gujrat Board, CBSE, and other boards who are using NCERT Books as course books. Download Offline apps and Study material in Hindi and English Medium free to download in PDF file format.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1
|Subject:||Social Science – Civics|
|Chapter 1:||Power Sharing|
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 PDF
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 (Political Science) in PDF form free to download updated for new academic session 2022-23. Download Apps for Android as well as IOS for online and Offline use based on latest NCERT Textbooks and new CBSE Syllabus.
Class 10 Political Science Important Questions & Notes
- 10th Political Science Chapter 1: Important Questions: Power SharingRead more
- 10th Political Science Chapter 2: Important Questions: FederalismRead more
- 10th Political Science Chapter 3: Important Questions: Democracy and DiversityRead more
- 10th Political Science Chapter 4: Important Questions: Gender, Religion and CasteRead more
- 10th Political Science Chapter 5: Important Questions: Popular Struggle and MovementRead more
- 10th Political Science Chapter 6: Important Questions: Political PartiesRead more
- 10th Political Science Chapter 7:Important Questions: Outcome of DemocracyRead more
Exatra Questions Class 10 Civics Chapter 1
Why was the minority French speaking community relatively rich and powerful?
In Brussels, the capital of Belgium, the French speaking people are in majority. The power has been into the hands of French people for a longer period and benefitted them for economic development and education. The French speaking population was better read, more qualified and had access to more resources than the native Dutch population. The French were part of an aristocracy of trades man and thus were financially strong.
Pressure groups and interest groups share power with the government indirectly.
(i) Interest groups such as those of trader's businessman industrialist's farmers and industrial workers have a direct share in government power through participation in government committees.
(ii) They also bring influence on the decision making process of the govt.
What do we learn from the two stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka?
We learnt following things from the example of Belgium and Sri Lanka:
(i) In Belgium the leaders realized that the unity of the country is possible only by respecting the interests of different communities and religious.
(ii) Such a realisation resulted in mutually acceptable arrangements for sharing power. It helped to avoid civic strife between two communities and a possible division of the country.
(iii) Sri Lankan example shows us that if a majority community wants to force it dominance over others and refused to share power, it can undermine the unity of the country.
The Basic Principles of Power Sharing
The basic principles of power sharing are:
(i) Government of different political parties i.e. a coalition Government.
(ii) Protection of minority rights.
(iii) Decentralisation of power.
(iv) To avoid conflicts
One Mark Questions with Answers
1. Give an example of power shared among different social groups?
2. Which community in Belgium is relatively rich and powerful?
3. Which language is spoken by 80 of people in Brussels?
4. Which religion is followed by majority of Sinhala speaking people?
5. Which two main languages are spoken in Belgium?
6. Name any two countries with which Belgium share borders.
7. How many amendments have been made in the constitution of Belgium between 1970 and 1993?
8. Which is the official religion of Sri Lanka?
9. What is the main reason for the killing of thousands of Sri Lanka people and loss of their live hoods?
10. Which language is spoken by the people of Wallonia region of Belgium?
Answers of 1 Mark Questions
1. The community govt. of Belgium
2. French Speaking
5. Dutch and French
6. France and Luxem
9. Civil war
Important Questions on Class 10 Civics Chapter 1
The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town's schools. He said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium's power sharing arrangements? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
This measure is not in keeping with Belgium's power sharing arrangements. The arrangements seek to maintain peace between the French and Dutch-speaking communities. By banning French, the mayor will cause civil unrest. Both the languages should be made acceptable in the town's schools. This bilingual education system will be a better way to integrate the people of the town.
State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.
A prudential reason for power sharing is that it leads to an avoidance of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order. In India, seats have been reserved in legislatures for the socially weaker sections keeping in mind this prudential reason for power sharing. A moral reason for power sharing is that it upholds the spirit of democracy. In a truly democratic setup, the citizens too have a stake in governance. In India, the citizens can come together to debate and criticise the policies and decisions of the government. This in turn puts pressure on the government to rethink its policies and reconsider its decisions. This active political participation is in keeping with the moral reason for power sharing.
What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.
Different forms of power sharing in modern democracies: Horizontal division of power: It is the sharing of power among the different organs of government. The division of government into the executive, the legislature and the judiciary is an example of horizontal division of power. In such a power sharing arrangement, different organs of government, placed at the same level, exercise different powers. This separation of powers ensures that no organ exercises unlimited power. Each organ checks the others, thereby putting in place a system of checks and balances. The division of power between the Council of Ministers headed by the Indian Prime Minister, the Parliament of India and the Indian Supreme Court is an example of this kind of power sharing. Vertical division of power: It is the sharing of power among governments at different levels — a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. For example, in India, the Constitution defines the way power is to be shared between the Central or Union government and the various State governments. There are certain matters on which only the Central government can take decisions, while there are others on which only an individual state government has an exclusive right for decision making. Division of power among social groups: Power can also be shared among different groups which differ socially. The system of 'community government' in Belgium is an example of this type of power division. This government is elected by people belonging to one language community (Dutch, French and German-speaking), and has the power to take decisions regarding cultural, educational and language related issues. The system of reserved constituencies in India is another example. Division of power between political parties, pressure groups and movements: Political parties are the organisations which aim to control power by contesting elections. In a democracy, citizens have the freedom to choose among the various contenders for power (the different political parties or the different alliances comprising political parties). Such a freedom of choice entails competition among the different parties, which in turn ensures that power does not remain in one hand, and is shared among different political parties representing different ideologies and social groups. Pressure groups and movements also share governmental power, either through participation in governmental committees or by influencing the decision-making process.
Why is power sharing desirable? Explain a three forms of powers sharing in modern democracies with example.
To reduce the possibility of conflicts between different social groups and ensure political stability power sharing is desirable. Different forms of power sharing are as under. Horizontal distribution of power is shared among different organs of government such as Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. Vertical distribution of power. Power can be shared among governments at different levels such as central Govt; state Govt. and Local Govt. Power may also be shared among different social groups. Ex. Religious and linguistic groups, community government in Belgium etc. Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power.


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Heart Disease and the Heart Biopsy
A heart biopsy, also called myocardial biopsy or cardiac biopsy, is an invasive procedure to detect heart disease. It entails using a bioptome (a small catheter with a grasping device on the end) to obtain a small piece of heart muscle tissue that is sent to a laboratory for analysis.
Why Do I Need a Heart Biopsy?
Your doctor uses a heart biopsy to:
- Evaluate or confirm the presence of rejection after a heart transplant.
- Diagnose myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) or certain other cardiac disorders such as cardiomyopathy or cardiac amyloidosis -- if common diagnostic tools like echocardiogram, EKG, or chest X-rays are not revealing suspected abnormal heart tissue, or a patient's heart condition is dramatically worsening without apparent cause. A heart biopsy can correctly pinpoint a specific diagnosis in 10%-20% of cases.
How Should I Prepare for a Heart Biopsy?
To prepare yourself for a heart biopsy, you should know:
- The biopsy takes place in the hospital as an outpatient procedure. Typically, you come to the hospital the day of the test, but in some cases, you may be admitted the night before the procedure.
- You can wear whatever you like to the hospital, but it is a good idea to leave valuables, such as jewelry, at home. You will wear a hospital gown during the procedure.
- Your doctor or nurse will give you specific instructions about what you can and cannot eat or drink before the procedure. In general, food and fluids are restricted for 6 to 8 hours before the test.
- Ask your doctor what medications should be taken on the day of your heart biopsy. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are taking any nutrition supplements or herbal preparations, and tell your doctor which over-the-counter medications you are taking. Please bring a list of all of your medications and the current dosages with you.
- If you have diabetes, ask your doctor how to adjust your medications the day of your test.
- Tell your doctor and/or nurses if you are allergic to anything.
- Arrange for someone to drive you home after the test, as you may be groggy from the sedative given to numb the site where the catheter is inserted.
- If you normally wear dentures or a hearing device, plan to wear them during the procedure to help with communication. If you wear glasses, plan to bring them as well.


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If you have seen iguanas around your property, you know how difficult it can be to get rid of them. You may have noticed they've eaten your landscaping and burrowed in places where you or your kids have tripped. If you're facing an infestation, you may be wondering where iguanas lay their eggs.
The best first step in clearing your backyard of unwanted creatures is to call an iguana removal company. In the meantime, read on to find out some interesting facts about iguanas and their eggs.
How Many Eggs Do Iguanas Lay?
Iguanas lay eggs even without mating. However, these eggs will not hatch babies since they are not fertilized. As far as the number of fertile eggs that they lay at once, this will depend on the kind of iguana that you are dealing with.
As an example, the green iguana is considered to be the champion in the number of eggs they lay at one time, which can be between 20 and 70. At the other end of the scale, you can find the marine iguana, which can only lay between one and six eggs at once.
Although iguana eggs tend to hatch in 90 to 120 days, hatching can occur even faster when they are in an optimal environment.
How Do You Know When an Iguana Is Ready to Lay Their Eggs?
Some of the first signs that an iguana is ready to lay eggs are a diminished appetite and restless behavior. Later on, you may also see that their abdomen is swollen. This happens usually once a year.
However, female iguanas who live around males will likely lay fertilized eggs, and they may also store sperm for several years and use it to fertilize their own eggs at a later date. This is why it is crucial to contact a removal service, regardless of whether you see females alone or with males in your yard.
Do Iguanas Take Care of Their Eggs?
Iguanas do not tend to their eggs or their babies. All they do is lay the eggs in a burrow, typically in an area that gets quite a bit of sun and the earth is warm. Once born, the hatchlings are left to fend for themselves.
However, it is illegal to relocate iguana eggs, so it would be best to contact an iguana removal service if you find eggs on your property.
Be Responsible When It Comes to Iguana Eggs
The iguana population in Florida seems to be growing out of control with many species doing away with great swaths of vegetation and destroying sea walls and other structures. If you let the iguanas in your yard reproduce endlessly without taking measures to avoid this, you will only be adding to the situation.
If you find that iguanas seem to have taken over your backyard and have found ideal places to burrow their eggs, act responsibly and call an iguana removal expert to come and suggest the best way of putting an end to this problem. You will not only be doing yourself a favor by preserving your landscaping but your neighbors will thank you as well. Do not delay and get a handle on this issue today.
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By TCD TEAM.
The world environment day (WED) was marked at Kwa Vonza, Kitui Rural sub county in style, the important environment day is annually celebrated in June 5th.
The event themed beat plastic pollution was held at kwa Vonza, the Important event was led by Kitui executive Member for environment Hon Richard John Mwendandu on behalf of Governor Malombe.
The event aims at encouraging awareness and action for the protection of the environment and beating Plastic pollution ,the TCD Digital Report
Kwa vonza MCA hon Mark Ndingo, Kitui County Chamber of Commerce CEO Mr Musili, CARITAS, KDC, NEMA, KFS, WCK, KWTA, Kenya water towers agency officials among other officials attended the event .
It is supported by many non- governmental organizations, businesses, government entities, and represents the primary United Nations outreach day supporting the environment a platform for raising awareness on environmental First held in 1973, it has been issued as marine pollution, overpopulation, global warming, sustainable development and wildlife crime.
World Environment Day is a global platform for public outreach, with participation from over 143 countries annually. Each year, the program has provided a theme and forum for businesses, non-government organizations, communities, governments and celebrities to advocate environmental causes.
This year's theme is "Beat plastic pollution." The Ministry of Energy, Environment, Climate Change, Forestry, Natural and Mineral Resources plans to commemorate the World Environment Day on the 5th June this year in partnership with other stakeholders.


Question: How Long Does It Take To Replace A Timing Chain?
How much does replacing a timing chain cost?
Replacing the timing chain is a complicated job, and the labor costs can be quite high.
For most cars, a timing chain replacement costs between $413 and $1040, or you can order the parts themselves for $88 and $245..
Do you have to remove engine to replace timing chain?
In short, no; you don't have to remove the engine to replace a timing cover gasket or water pump on a 2000 Ford Taurus. You should remove ancillary components such as the radiator and some other parts in order to have easier access to complete this job.
Can you drive without a timing chain?
With that said, the vehicle is likely not going to run at all without it. You should not attempt to start the vehicle because the chain or belt inside can cause damage to the components around it. The vehicle's damage will need to be accessed when the timing belt is changed.
What happens if timing chain is off by one tooth?
Usually, off by one tooth is not all that critical, and you should not bend valves. You may have a bit more low rpm or a bit more high rpm responsiveness, depending on whether it's advanced one tooth or retarded one tooth.
What are the symptoms of a bad timing chain?
Symptoms of a Bad or Failing Timing ChainEngine misfires or runs poorly.Metal shavings found in the oil.Engine won't start or fails.Check Engine Light is on.Engine rattles while idling.
Can a timing chain be tightened?
Timing chains can be adjusted to either loosen or tighten the timing chain so that it runs smoothly along with the timing chain tensioner.
Can low oil cause rattling?
Low Engine Oil Level If the oil level gets too low, you can have a situation where the oil pump sucks air into it and the air gets pumped through the engine along with whatever oil is remaining. This can cause a rattling or ticking noise from within the engine.
How many hours does it take to change a timing chain?
In general, if the timing chain is replaced by a mechanic having all their replacement supplies and parts easily accessible, the job itself should not take more than 5 to 8 hours total. Again, it depends on the location of the job and accessibility of tools and supplies.
Will a new timing chain improve performance?
Replacing them with new components can give the false feeling of increased performance when the truth is the engine has just been returned to the correct state of operation. No timing belt will give an increase in performance – it's just not possible. Its main job is to keep the timing in check.
Which is better timing chain or belt?
Belts are quieter and because of their material, less expensive to produce. Timing chains are housed within the engine and receive lubrication from engine oil and can last a long time, while timing belts are located outside of the engine and tend to dry out and crack.
How do you know when timing chain needs replacing?
Symptoms of a failing timing chain include:Timing chain noise.Engine misfire and poor performance.Difficulty in starting the vehicle.Illuminated check engine light.Engine vibration or shaking when idling.Engine won't start.
Will a car start if timing is off?
Engine Won't Start: If the engine timing belt has broken, it won't be able to start. … On occasion, the engine timing belt will slip from the camshaft. This will cause one of the cylinder to open and close sooner than it should, aka misfiring. If the engine timing belt isn't replaced soon, catastrophic damage can result.
Is it worth replacing a timing chain?
A timing chain runs inside the engine, as it needs to be lubricated by the engine oil. A timing belt typically needs to be replaced between 40,000 and 100,000 miles depending on the vehicle. … A timing chain doesn't need to be replaced unless there is a problem with it.
What causes timing chain to break?
A timing chain can break with either too much or not enough tension. If the chain does not have enough tension, it can develop slack. This can result in the chain "slapping," leading to premature fatigue. A chain with too much tension can also fail, as it is placed under excessive stress.
What does a bad timing chain sound like?
Under normal conditions, the engine should have a consistent, smooth sound that indicates everything is running as it should. However, when the timing chain is loose, it may cause a vibration inside the motor and will be indicated by a rattling noise as the engine idles.


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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, IPA has launched Research for Effective COVID-19 Responses, or RECOVR. Through this effort, IPA is generating rigorous evidence, advising governments, and bringing together partners across the research-to-policy sector to rapidly provide decision-makers with rigorous data and evidence to mitigate the impacts of the crisis.
We would like to acknowledge the Global Poverty Research Lab (GPRL) for their support and the Yale Research Initiative on Innovation and Scale (Y-RISE) for their partnership in this effort.
IPA's RECOVR Impact Goals
To equip decision-makers in vulnerable contexts with timely data, evidence, and analysis to:
Reduce COVID-19 transmission rates
Improve social-safety net responses
Build resilient and adaptable businesses and employment opportunities
Keep children safe, healthy, and learning
Improve women's health, safety, and economic empowerment
Build resilience and protect the financial health of families and individuals
Promote peace and safety, and improve humanitarian response
How we are achieving our RECOVR impact goals
Rapid Response Surveys to Answer Critical Policy Questions (8+ countries)
- The RECOVR survey: IPA has built a rapid response panel survey to directly inform key government partners on the health, economic, and social ramifications of the pandemic, and will be running it in eight countries to start. The survey is meant to document real-time trends of policy concern and inform decision-makers about the communities that are hardest-hit by the pandemic. Learn more here.
- The COVID-19 Economic Impact Surveys, a joint effort with the International Growth Centre, is measuring the economic impact of the crisis on a variety of agents, such as large companies, SMEs, informal and micro businesses, self-employed people, workers, and farmers in lowand middle-income countries. Learn more here.
A Portfolio of IPA Studies to Generate Rigorous Evidence on COVID-19 (80+ studies)
- We are rapidly developing more than 80 new individual evaluations related to the COVID-19 response. Some build on existing studies to answer how existing programs under evaluation are impacting people's ability to cope with the pandemic.
- Others are new studies that have been quickly developed to inform the design of new programs aimed at mitigating the impacts of the crisis on health, livelihoods, learning, and other outcomes.
A Global Hub that Centralizes Research and Policy Lessons (100+ projects)
- We are collaborating with peer organizations to centralize and share research, resources, and funding opportunities to inform global stakeholders and advocate for more funding to be allocated to economic responses, especially in the global south.
Advising Governments on Evidence-Based Approaches
- Over the last five years, we have partnered with dozens of ministries in over 15 countries. Almost every partner we have (and new partnerships we have just formed) has urgent requests for data needs and evidence-informed advice.
- For example, with Y-RISE, CEGA, and researchers, we are advising the government's social protection responses in Bangladesh, Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo. And we are supporting education system distance learning responses in Ghana, Peru, Rwanda, and Zambia.
Research-on-Research to Strengthen the Quality of Remote Data Collection
- Evaluating different methods and ways of conducting phone surveys
- Hub for data-gathering world: lessons for phone banking in low-income countries
- Evidence synthesis and 'how-to' guidance on phone survey methods (Coming soon!)


Abstract
Hormones play a significant role in murine Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis, and they may also participate in the susceptibility to Taenia solium cysticercosis. In the present study, in vitro effects are reported for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the larval stages of T. crassiceps (WFU strain) and T. solium. Our results reveal the presence of receptors for hCG in different developmental phases of both cultured parasites. On day 30, both taeniid species had the highest percentage of receptors in the neck, strobila, and suckers, but these receptors decreased by day 60, delimiting the segments and the exterior of the developing proglottids in T. solium. At the same time, there was a large number of hCG receptors in the area of the presumptive cirrus organ and in calcareous corpuscles within the parenchyma. This is the first report detecting receptors for hCG on different larval stages of T. crassiceps and T. solium. A direct effect of hCG could be recognized by the cysticerci as a factor contributing to the growth and development of T. crassiceps and T. solium cysticerci, respectively.
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but an economic right in case the member does not agree. This right can be waived with the unanimous consent.
Asymmetrical or subjective division (Article 2506 2nd paragraph): Asymmetric division is understood to mean that it is permitted with unanimous consent that some shareholders are not allocated shares or shares of the beneficiary company but only of the demerger. There is talk of a partial division in the norm because it talks about shares or shares of the spun that are assigned. With this type of demerger to the demerged company rather than assigning shares of the beneficiary company, the participation of the demerger is increased. The unanimous consent of all the members is required because for the various partners their position is being deconstructed not only their position to vary but the participation in some companies is being deprived.
ESSENTIAL element for the non-proportional and asymmetric division is economic neutrality, ie it does not matter if the participation is proportional in each company or if the participation is more in one or the other but what matters is that it is proportional to the starting point, there is a different distribution of the company, if it is not economically neutral, there is talk of non-economic proportionality that is not admitted.
Negative division: consists of assigning negative assets. That is, it is possible in the event of a demerger by incorporation while it cannot be adopted in the event of a proper demerger, i.e. with the establishment of a new beneficiary company in which case it may be treated as a loss or is offset against the beneficiary's reserves and re-evaluate when it falls below 1/3 of the capital.


Press Images
Mama Whales Teach Babies Where to Eat
For a month after birth, Southern right whale mothers and their calves rest and nurse. Then, like the pair shown here off Argentina, they start to swim faster and farther as they prepare for a long migration in the South Atlantic to reach their feeding areas. A University of Utah study found mother whales teach their calves where to eat, raising concern about whether the whales can adapt as global warming disrupts feeding grounds.
Photo Credit: John Atkinson
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Mama Whales Teach Babies Where to Eat
A southern right whale off the Atlantic coast of Argentina is shown here "tailing," or sailing with its tail. University of Utah biologists used genetic and chemical evidence to show that mother southern right whales teach their babies the location of feeding grounds.
Photo Credit: Mariano Sironi
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Mama Whales Teach Babies Where to Eat
A mother-calf pair of southern right whales swims in calm waters off Argentina's Peninsula Valdes, the location of their calving grounds. The mothers later teach the calves the location of their feeding grounds during a long migration through the South Atlantic Ocean, according to a new study from University of Utah biologists.
Photo Credit: John Atkinson
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Mama Whales Teach Babies Where to Eat
Can Southern Right Whales Adapt If Food Becomes Scarce?
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Feb. 9, 2009 - University of Utah biologists discovered that young "right whales" learn from their mothers where to eat, raising concern about their ability to find new places to feed if Earth's changing climate disrupts their traditional dining areas.
"A primary concern is, what are whales going to do with global warming, which may change the location and abundance of their prey?" asks Vicky Rowntree, research associate professor of biology and a coauthor of the new study. "Can they adapt if they learn from their mother where to feed - or will they die?"
Previous research by Rowntree and colleagues showed that when climate oscillations increase sea temperatures, southern right whales give birth to fewer calves because the warm water reduces the abundance of krill, which are small, shrimp-like crustaceans eaten by the whales.
The new study - scheduled for publication in the Feb. 15 issue of the journal Molecular Ecology - used genetic and chemical isotope evidence to show that mothers teach their calves where to go for food.
"Southern right whales consume enormous amounts of food and have to travel vast distances to find adequate amounts of small prey," says study coauthor Jon Seger, professor of biology at the University of Utah. "This study shows that mothers teach their babies in the first year of life where to go to feed in the immensity of the ocean."
The study tracked how whales are related by analyzing maternal DNA, and then compared that with dietary information obtained by characterizing different forms or isotopes of chemical elements in their skin. The two techniques - which the researchers say they used together for the first time - allowed the scientists to determine that whale mothers, their offspring and other extended family members eat in the same place.
"North Atlantic right whales feed in similar patterns and scientists have access to their feeding areas, but we don't know where South Atlantic whales are feeding, so we had to use a combination of techniques to track this down," says Luciano Valenzuela, a postdoctoral researcher in biology who led the study as part of his doctoral thesis at Utah.
The study's other coauthor was Mariano Sironi, scientific director of the Instituto de Conservación de Ballenas (Institute for the Conservation of Whales) in Argentina.
Related Whales 'Chow Down' Together
For 38 years, Rowntree and colleagues have followed a group of southern right whales that migrate for three months each year to their calving area at Argentina's Península Valdés, "which is as far south of the equator as we are north of the equator here in Salt Lake City," says Rowntree, who also directs the right whale program at the Ocean Alliance's Whale Conservation Institute.
Adult southern right whales are up to 50 feet long, and their calves are about 20 feet long and weigh a ton at birth.
The whales migrate to their calving grounds in winter, when they fast, and give birth in early spring. Three months later, they travel long distances in the South Atlantic to feed for the remainder of the year on krill and on other crustaceans named copepods. Rowntree calls it "a huge chow down."
Whaling records from the 1800s and 1900s suggested southern right whales had six main feeding areas in the South Atlantic. However, scientists do not know where most of the whales feed now.
Rather than searching for right whale feeding grounds visually - an enormous if not impossible task given the lack of ship traffic in the vast South Atlantic - the scientists took a novel approach. During September and October of 2003 through 2006, Valenzuela collected small skin samples using a punch device that doesn't harm the animals.
"The skin sample is a little bigger than the size of a pencil eraser," Rowntree says.
From the skin samples, Valenzuela analyzed mitochondrial DNA, which is inherited only from the mother. The DNA revealed family relationships among whales. The researchers were able to distinguish individual whales by the patterns of whitish, callous-like material on their heads.
The skin samples also were analyzed for different forms or isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. The isotopes, which are present in food, are deposited in different tissues of the body after consumption. Food from any given location has a unique isotope "signature." That made it possible to determine which whales fed in the same place without actually knowing where the feeding areas were.
Together, the DNA and isotope data revealed which whales were related and where each animal fed.
"The main result is that individuals from particular families have very specific isotope pattern showing that animals from specific lineages feed in the same area," Valenzuela says.
Because the DNA was mitochondrial, which is passed only from mothers to offspring, the findings indicate mother whales teach their calves where to feed.
The study was funded by Ocean Alliance's Whale Conservation Institute and the Canadian Whale Institute.
Media Contacts
Luciano Valenzuela
postdoctoral researcher in biology
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Vicky Rowntree
research associate professor of biology
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Jon Seger
professor of biology
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The programming languages C and C++ do not need dedicated GLPK language bindings. GLPK is programmed natively in C. And C++ can normally link without problem to C code. Moreover, there is no need to use the following C linkage construct extern "C" when calling GLPK from C++:
extern "C" { // NOT REQUIRED
_TAG_ // C header
Instead simply use:
_TAG_ // C header


text:
Our research focuses on one of the most important aspects of poultry nutrition: the functional development of the chicken digestive system, and the influence of feed and specific nutrients on the integrity and functional capability of the gut epithelium. The goal of this research is to improved efficiency of poultry production.
- Functional development of the small intestine: morphological, molecular and functional changes
- Feeding before hatch—in ovo feeding
- Modulating microflora in the chicken intestine
- Nutrition of the developing embryo during incubation
- Bitter Taste Perception in Chicken,.
- Principles in nutrition of farm animals (71839; 4 credits)
- Management and nutrition of poultry ( 71822 ; 6 credits )
- Fish Physiology ( 71837; 3.5 credits)
- Quality and production of poultry products (71851; 2 credits)
- Introduction to animal physiology ( 71808; 2 credits)
- Master's degree and Doctorate Course:
- Physiology of absorption (71142; 3.5 credits)
- The World Poultry Science Association (WPSA).
- The American Animal Science Society (ASAS).
- The Israeli Poultry Science Association (IPSA).
- The European Poultry Science Association
- Head of postgraduate curriculum in Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine.
- Ad hoc reviewer for: World Poultry Science, British Poultry - Avian Pathology, Poultry Science Journal
- Member of the Scientific Committee of the European Poultry Nutrition Conference.


text:
- n. Alternative form of knockoff.
- v. Used other than as an idiom: see knock, off.
- v. transitive To bump or hit so that something falls off
- v. idiomatic, intransitive To quit; stop doing work or other activity. The term originated from the practice aboard slave galleys to have a man beat time for the rowers by knocking on a block or drum; when he stopped, the rowers could rest.
- v. idiomatic To kill someone
- v. idiomatic To reduce or remove
- v. idiomatic To steal.
- v. transitive To make a copy of, as of a design.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. See knock off in the vocabulary.
- n. a device in a knitting machine to remove loops from the needles.
- v. to quit (working).
- v. to accomplish; -- frequently used when the task is accomplished rapidly.
- v. colloq. to kill; to defeat (opponents).
- v. to discount, to deduct (a sum from a price).
- v. to rob.
- v. to make a knockoff of; to copy or imitate, usually without permission or admission of copying.
- v. cut the price of
- v. write quickly
- v. take by theft
- v. get rid of (someone who may be a threat) by killing
- v. stop pursuing or acting
"To build Rijeka all they had to do was knock off chunks of rock, roll them down to the edge of the valley, stack them in rectangles, and top the rectangles with thatched roofs; and that was all they had done, about the time Columbus started across the Atlantic to find India."
"That a deep, hungry team could add a post-up scoring threat like seven-footer James Edwards obtained from Phoenix Suns in midseason, the Pistons had all the tools to knock off Boston."
"There's diurnal fluctuation in the grounding line, of course, about three metres as the tide goes up and down, and eventually the abrasion will knock off enough ice at the bottom to unbalance the berg."
"So he was called Scraps, and, since he was nobody's dog, was everybody's dog -- so much so, that Mr. Jackson promised to knock Ah Moy's block off if he did not feed the puppy well, while Sigurd Halvorsen, in the forecastle, did his best to knock off Henrik Gjertsen's block when the latter was guilty of kicking Scraps out of his way."
"We got to run the mangle to-night, but Thursday we'll knock off at six."
"He had previously beaten not only Dick Nixon, a former vice-president of the United States, but U.S. Senator William F. Knowland, an Oakland publisher who was another Republican powerhouse in California, and I suspect he thought it would be even easier to knock off this newcomer to politics from Hollywood."
"The Skipper' "At some point all of us wanted to knock off Marcia—and so I did," says Roxanne Diesel, author of the Brady script."
"No one's expecting another 30-something-point game Monday, but Heat coach Erik Spoelstra knows it'll take one of those efforts to knock off the Cavs."
These user-created lists contain the word 'knock off'.
Looking for tweets for knock off.


text:
Ministry of Transportation (MOT) Railroad Crossing
293 views (5 recent)Published by the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure - Construction and Maintenance
Licensed under Open Government Licence - British Columbia
Data and Resources
BC Geographic Warehouse Custom Downloadother
WMS getCapabilities requestwms
For use in viewers such as ESRI tools use this truncated link:...
KML Network Linkkml
For use in viewers such as Google Earth Click here for information on how to...
A Railroad crossing is where the road surface is common to both the Railway Authority and the Ministry of Transportation Road Network; also includes overhead and under passes.
|Name||Jenna Sparks (pointOfContact)|
|Organization||Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure|
|Sub-Organization||Construction and Maintenance|
Access & Security
|Who can view this dataset?||Public|
|Who can download this dataset?||Public|
|Record Last Modified||2021-04-26|
Object Name: WHSE_IMAGERY_AND_BASE_MAPS.MOT_RAILROAD_CROSSINGS_SP
Short Name: RLRD_CRSS
Comments: RAILROAD CROSSING SP represents Railroad Crossings. A Railway Crossing is where the road surface is common to both the Railway Authority and the Ministry of Transportation Road Network; also includes overhead and under passes. It is a Point feature.
|Column Name||Short Name||Data Type||Data Precision||Comments|
|RAILROAD_CROSSING_ID||RRX_ID||NUMBER||10||RAILROAD CROSSING ID is a system generated identifier to ensure row uniqueness. This is a primary key field.|
|CHRIS_RAILROAD_CROSSING_ID||ITT_PRIMAR||VARCHAR2||50||CHRIS RAILROAD CROSSING ID contains the identifier of the railroad crossing inventory item derived by the CHRIS application. E.g., _PHONE_|
|ADMIN_UNIT_CODE||ADMIN_CODE||VARCHAR2||10||ADMIN UNIT CODE contains the MoT Service Area identifier. There are 28 service areas in MoT's jurisdiction. Each Service Area represents a geographic area within the province. E.g., 13|
|ADMIN_UNIT_NAME||ADMIN_NAME||VARCHAR2||80||ADMIN UNIT NAME contains the MoT Service Area Name identifier. There are 28 service areas names in MoT's jurisdiction. Each Service Area Name represents a geographic area within the province. E.g., Lower Mainland|
|CROSS_SECTION_POSITION||X_SECTION||VARCHAR2||80||CROSS SECTION POSITION contains the cross sectional position of railroad crossing in relationship to the road. E.g., Overhead - Left, Underpass - Left, Level etc.|
|CROSSING_ID||CROSS_ID||VARCHAR2||50||CROSSING ID indicates the identification number of the crossing within railroad crossing information system. E.g., 196|
|CHRIS_ANCHOR_SECTION_ID||CHRIS_ANCH||NUMBER||9||CHRIS ANCHOR SECTON ID contains the CHRIS application internal unique identifier for the anchor section segment. E.g., _PHONE_|
|EVENT_LOCATION||LOCATION||NUMBER||14||EVENT LOCATION contains the Measure for the Railroad Crossing along the Anchor Section. Measures are in Kilometers. e.g., 42.200|
|HIGHWAY_NUMBER||HWY_NUMBER||VARCHAR2||80||HIGHWAY NUMBER is the MoT Numbered Route identifier populated when the railroad crossing is located on a MoT Numbered route. E.g., 99|
|GEOMETRY||GEOMETRY||SDO_GEOMETRY||1||GEOMETRY is the column used to reference the spatial coordinates defining the feature.|
|OBJECTID||OBJECTID||NUMBER||38||OBJECTID is a required attribute of feature classes and object classes in a geodatabase.|
|SE_ANNO_CAD_DATA||BLOB||4000||SE_ANNO_CAD_DATA is a binary column used by spatial tools to store annotation, curve features and CAD data when using the SDO_GEOMETRY storage data type.|


Manifestations of the Holy Spirit
What does the Bible truly say about manifestations of the Holy Spirit? Find the answer here.
manifestations of the holy spirit
What does the Bible say about manifestations of the Holy Spirit?
Are manifestations of the holy Spirit biblical? When you look around on the internet you can find many different opinions on this topic and everyone claims to be 'biblical' and telling the 'truth'. But what is REALLY the truth and what does the Bible say about it?
Manifestations of the holy Spirit are occurring in tens of thousands of churches worldwide. It's definitely not tied to a certain ministry, church or movement. It's a phenomenon which has been seen throughout the church history. Many great revivals were marked with manifestations like laughing, crying, shaking, shouting, falling etc. Because of the odd appearances many people ask themselves the question: is this really of the holy Spirit? Is God doing this? Or is this an eveil spirit and is it pure deception by satan? Can you find manifestations of the holy Spirit in the Bible?
Jesus Christ warned us that there would be many false prophets and heretics. The apostle Paul specifically invokes the Christians not to trust any spirit, but to test the spirits.
So it is important to be vigilant and to examine from the source.
Thankfully Jesus Christ as well as the apostles and prophets have left clear advice on how to discern the spirits. The Bible contains various keys to help us intercept deception. Furthermore the Bible shows us that the holy Spirit wants to give us the gift of discernment. (1 Cor 12:10) God wants to protect us against every form of deception and wants to perfect us in spiritual discernment.
The question we ask ourselves is: how do you discern whether a manifestation is from the Spirit of God or from a demon?
What's important to understand is that nowhere in the Bible it says that a manifestation is from a demon, just because it looks weird. Yes, manifestations can be perceived as weird, like someone suddenly falling backwards, bursting into laughter without visible obvious reason, starting to shake severely or start to cry intensely. But biblically seen we cannot label something as demonic just because it looks unusual. An important message in the Bible is rather that God judges things in a very different way than we do. Man is inclined to judge a verdict purely on the basis of what we superficially hear or see. But God sees much deeper.
God rebukes his own prophet Samuel because he judged on the basis of his human perception.
Samuel saw the sons of Isai and found that they physically met the criteria to become the next king of Israel. But God reproached Samuel and said:
'You look at the outward appearance, but I LOOK AT THE HEART.' (See 1 Samuel 16)
This is a distinguishing mark of us people: we are not used to look deeper than the superficial, visible and audible. What we tend to do too quickly is think: 'It looks like this, so I am convinced that is such and such.' This is however not a valid way to determine if a manifestation is from God or not. God's word says:
We live in a supernatural, invisible world which you cannot always identify with your human senses.
A demon can make a person sit down very pious, rigid, neatly and good, while the Spirit of God can liberate somebody from bonds and allows the person to freely laugh, cry, sheer and dance of joy. The man that is demonically bound can look very pious, fitting and smooth but his heart can be a source of bitter poison, judgement and slander. The person that laughs or cries loudly and starts to tremble with his whole body can be deeply filled with the love, truth and freedom of Jesus Christ. So you cannot know at first sight what is truly happening inside somebody's heart.
manifestations holy spirit eye
You have to learn to look deeper than the outward. Otherwise you will be deceived by your own wrong judgement.
God says in the Bible that He functions on a very different level than our human way of thinking and making judgement:
The danger of misinterpretation is clearly seen with the scribes, the 'bible experts' in the days of Jesus. They that taught the people about God and his word. They didn't recognise Jesus Christ and accused Him to be a servant of the devil. They misjudged and became enemies of what God was doing in their midst. The same thing is happening today. People who have a lot of theoretical knowledge about the bible, name manifestations as demonic, just because it doesn't fit in their thinking boxes. But that is not a biblical way of checking. This way you can severely misunderstand the Spirit of God like the bible experts did who lived in Jesus' time.
Manifestations in the Bible
When you read the Bible, you will notice that God doesn't work as fitting, controlled and safe as we want to make Him in our established, churches and meetings, controlled by people. God will always break through our limitations and astonishes man time after time. After a while you start wondering why He will never adjust to our traditions and habits.
God often does thing that are shocking, different, amazing and confusing. That is God's hallmark.
He is indifferent to our need of control and ignores totally our human habits and sends his messengers in a way He chooses, free from the traditions of people. Prophets sometimes were feeling sick and perplexed after seeing a vision from God.
'Then I, Daniel, was exhausted and sick for days. Then I got up again and carried on the king's business; but I was astounded at the vision.' (Daniel 8:27)
Not only the prophetic visions would upset God's prophets, the manifestations would be perplexing at times as well.
manifestations holy spirit saul
A Biblical example: King Saul was furious at David because the Spirit of God chose him to lead the people instead of himself. David had hidden himself in the house of the prophets. Three times Saul sent a group of soldiers to take David captive, but what happened? Every time the soldiers would approach the house of the prophets, the Spirit of God would come over them (against their will) and brought them into spiritual ecstasy. (Spiritual ecstasy is originally translated to prophecy)
'Then Saul sent messengers to take David, but when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, with Samuel standing and presiding over them, the Spirit of God came upon the messengers of Saul; and they also prophesied.' (1 Samuel 19:20)
After sending a group of soldiers three times, who were brought into ecstasy every time (against their will) causing them to start to prophesize, Saul decided to go there himself. What happened there?
'He proceeded there to Naioth in Ramah; and the Spirit of God came upon him also, so that he went along prophesying continually until he came to Naioth in Ramah. He also stripped off his clothes, and he too prophesied before Samuel and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Therefore they say, "Is Saul also among the prophets?" (1 Samuel 19:23-24)
Some claim this manifestation was caused by the evil spirit of Saul but it states clearly in this bible passage that the spirit of God overpowered Saul, just like his soldiers.
Moreover Saul's weird behaviour caused people to say: "Is Saul also among the prophets?" That is extremely bizarre and goes against everything we think about God who according to us would never let somebody prophecy for a whole night against his own will. That is not possible, is it? The Bible shows that God is not bothered by what we think is acceptable or not. God is God, we are not.
Another example from the Bible is that the Spirit of God forced Ezekiel to lie on the street for 390 days and had to eat food that was baked on faeces:
'You shall eat it as a barley cake, having baked it in their sight over human dung.' (Ezekiel 4:12)
The Bible is clear: God sometimes does extremely weird things.
Think about Jesus Christ who made mud of his saliva and rubbed it into the eyes of a blind man. 'Gross! That can't be from God? No, that is impossible. God isn't that filthy! And yet it was Jesus Christ who did that. And the blind man was healed.
You can't judge something solely on the basis on what it looks like.
God is infinitely much bigger and different than us humans and it speaks for itself that He can do things that break through our boundaries. Still people always want to limit God and create a safe zone where they are in control and not God. The truth is: if you really want to serve God, He will be your safety, and not your doctrines, not your tradition, not your controle, not your habits. God is your safety, even if He does inexplicable things.
That is why it is only truly possible to test manifestations if you live in deep surrender in the arms of God and if you are willing to let Him be who He is. If you want to put God in boxes from every angle, you will miss out on God. You will do exactly the same as the scribes did with Jesus: accusing God to be the devil.
Biblical guidelines to test manifestations
manifestations of the holy spirit test the fruit
God wants to let us grow in wisdom and insight so we will become strong sons and daughters of Him. That is why the Bible gives us principles to test:
1. Look at the fruits of the tree
'Either make the tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad; for