text:
The overrerepresentation of blacks among psychiatric inpatients in the
United States has been confirmed over the years by scholarly scrutiny. Now new
research, published in the June Psychiatric Services, again has
verified the problem but found it to be more nuanced within the black
population than previous studies have shown.
Analyzing two completed survey-based, national population data sets,
researchers at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), and the
University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), found that in proportion to
their population numbers in the United States, individuals of Caribbean
ancestry born in the United States are more likely than foreign-born blacks of
Caribbean ancestry, African Americans, and non-Hispanic whites to be
hospitalized for a psychiatric illness or complaint in their lifetime.
"It may be that U.S.-born Caribbean blacks experience pressure to
accommodate and succeed in mainstream society while adhering to traditional
Caribbean values, which might lead to higher levels of serious distress
requiring inpatient treatment," wrote the three-person research team led
by Lonnie Snowden, Ph.D., a professor at UC Berkeley's School of Public
Health. Other team members were Julia Hastings, Ph.D., an assistant professor
at UC Berkeley's School of Social Welfare, and Jennifer Alvidrez, Ph.D., an
associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry at UCSF.
"This pattern may parallel the 'Latino health paradox' whereby
greater acculturation among Latinos is associated with more general medical
problems and mental health problems," they wrote.
The authors acknowledged that no research definitively proves that"
acculturation stress" leads to increased psychiatric
hospitalization in this country. But they suggested that the possibility of
its happening among blacks and subgroups of blacks in the country is"
consistent with data indicating that U.S.-born and European-born
Caribbean blacks have higher rates of mental illness, particularly
schizophrenia, than other groups."
Caribbean blacks, the authors reported, make up about 4.4 percent of the
U.S. black population. Of the U.S. population blacks make up about 13.4
percent and non-Hispanic whites about 66 percent, according to the U.S. Census
But for this study, the question was which subgroup among blacks in the
United States (those of Caribbean ancestry or African Americans) was"
more likely than whites to be hospitalized for inpatient psychiatric
To begin to answer the question, the team turned to national inpatient
prevalence data from two household surveys: the National Survey of American
Life and the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Both were part of a
three-part survey, conducted between 2001 and 2003 by the National Institute
of Mental Health Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys.
The researchers analyzed the self-reported responses of 9,371 individuals
residing in the community to survey questions about lifetime psychiatric
hospitalization history. Snowden and his colleagues divided the database
subjects into three distinct groups: 3,570 African Americans, 1,621 U.S.
blacks of Caribbean ancestry, and 4,180 non-Hispanic whites. To reveal further
differences, if any, within the Caribbean ancestry group, it was further
divided into U.S.-born and foreign-born status.
Applying logistic regression and controlling for socieoeconomic
differences, Snowden and his team confirmed previous, though dated, research
that "both African Americans and Caribbean blacks were significantly
more likely to be hospitalized than non-Hispanic whites."
What's unique about this research is that it also revealed that the"
odds for U.S.-born Caribbean blacks of having any lifetime
hospitalization were greater than the odds for non-Hispanic whites and
appeared notably higher than the odds for African Americans. On the other
hand, the odds of hospitalization for foreign-born Caribbean blacks were not
significantly different from those of non-Hispanic whites."
"We've known about black-white inpatient disparities for years in the
field, but frankly, we haven't made much progress in understanding or
addressing this problem," the researchers collectively responded in an
e-mailed statement to Psychiatric News.
"Our findings suggest that we need to do a much better job of
addressing environmental conditions that put [individual] blacks at greater
risk of psychiatric crisis and to improve access to quality mental health care
for the diverse black populations in the U.S."
The study has a number of weaknesses, the researchers noted, among them
that the data did not include the respondents' exact official diagnoses and
level of functioning and whether the hospitalization was voluntary or
Having this "contextual information," they explained, might
help to better understand the racial and intraracial disparities revealed by
"Overrepresentation of Black Americans in Psychiatric
Inpatient Care" is posted at.▪


text: [en] Knowledge of soil moisture dynamics and its spatial variability is essential to improve our understanding of root water uptake and soil moisture redistribution at the local scale and the field scale. We investigated the potential and limitations of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to measure three-dimensional soil moisture changes and variability in a large, undisturbed, cropped soil column and examined the interactions between soil and root system. Our analysis sustained the value of ERT as a tool to monitor and quantify water contents and water content changes in the soil, as long as the root biomass does not influence the observed resistivity. This is shown using a global water mass balance and a local validation using time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes. The observed soil moisture variability was rather high compared to values reported in the literature for bare soil. The measured water depletion rate, being the result of combined effects of root water uptake and soil water redistribution, was compared with the evaporative demand and root length densities. We observed a gradual downward movement of the maximum water depletion rate combined with periods of redistribution when there was less transpiration. Finally, the maximum root length density was observed at −70 cm depth, pointing out that root architecture can strongly depend on soil characteristics and states.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
February 2021: Digital Imaging Comparative Material Study Through an Autodesk Collaboration
Parallel to the development of the SCAPP-bot at Autodesk, the Techne team is working to better understand best practice digital imaging based on artifacts of varying materials. Methodologically, this includes testing applications of photogrammetry, structured light scanning, and laser scanning on different types of material culture ranging from ceramics, metals, stone, and glass. Each application is also being evaluated to determine the best individual method for scanning these varied types of materials, this includes understanding patterning and processing.
The SCAPP-bot provided a launching point for this study. The accurate and measured datasets produced through the SCAPP photogrammetry modeling inspired an evaluation of other applications. To further this comparative testing the Brandeis Techne Group received a generous equipment loan from the Autodesk Boston Technology Center to bring the FARO Edge Laser Scanning Arm to CLARC (Classical Studies Artifact Research Collection)at Brandeis for artifact scanning. This loan provided an opportunity to conduct scan numerous different types of material culture (metal, ceramic, glass, stone, etc.) as a data-set while noting scanning processes, and evaluating several different software platforms. Alexandra Ratzlaff, Ian Roy, and Nicole Constantine set up the laser scanner in CLARC and scanned artifacts that have already been modeled through photogrammetry with the SCAPP-bot or with the Artec Eva and Spider structured light scanners. This provided a diverse dataset of artifacts imaged and modeled through multiple technologies and methodologies. In addition to testing these different technologies for best practice, the Techne group also tested several different types of software for processing. Ultimately, our group determined that the software platform 3D Systems DesignX Wrap was optimal for both scanning processing. We also found that there was a void for basic full-process from scanning through modeling of objects available as open-access online. As part of our own scanning experiment the Techne group recorded workflow instructional videos to both document our own process but to share with others interested in using the same methodology. Please see the video here of Ian Roy demonstrating the FARO laser arm in scanning an artifact and processing it in Wrap.
The FARO laser arm loan from Autodesk represents the advantages of such research and corporate partnerships. The array of equipment available to the Techne team at Autodesk allows our team to approach problem-based research with less boundaries. This project also exemplified the types of work our team is excelling at during the COVID pandemic. By designing and executing small-scale manageable projects that can be broken in into components for individual group members to execute and bring together for analysis and collaboration.
-Brandeis Classics Professor Alexandra Ratzlaff

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Fanny Corbould (nee Heath) _PHONE_
What did Fanny look like?
Born: 22 July 1814 and died 19 February 1850.
Daughter of: Charles Heath, the engraver (_PHONE_) and Elizabeth Petch (?-1861).
Sister of:
1. Emily Heath (_PHONE_).
2. Frederick Augustus Heath (_PHONE_) who married Mrs M Inwood.
3. Alfred Theodosius Heath (_PHONE_) who married Caroline Philpott.
4. Charlotte Palmer (nee Heath, _PHONE_) who married William Palmer.
5. Charles Heath (_PHONE_).
6. Isabel Heath (_PHONE_).
7. Henry Charles Heath (_PHONE_) who married Georgina Woodcock (_PHONE_).
Fanny married: 28 September 1839, Edward Henry Corbould (_PHONE_), son of the artist Henry Corbould and Mary Corbould (nee Pickles).
Fanny and Edward had issue:
1. Jemima Wyburd (nee Corbould, _PHONE_) who married the artist Francis John Wyburd (_PHONE_).
2. Isabel (1842-????).
3. Julia (1844-????).
My knowledge of Fanny comes from information supplied to me by Giles Wyburd.
If anyone out on the internet can supply me with a biography, I would be very pleased to hear from you. More information can be found on the Corbould family at .
Fanny's husband Edward Henry Corbould
If you have any more information please do contact me.
(Home) (Biographies) (Bookplates) (Contact)


1
I've seen two examples of how to define the table name of multi_index:
 - N(tablename)
 - "tablename"_n (source)
Initially I tried using the former, but resulted in the below compilation error. I have since been using the latter without any issue. Are both supported or was this changed in a subsequent release?
error: use of undeclared identifier 'tablename'
 typedef eosio::multi_index<N(tablename), tablerow> tablerow_index;
For reference, I've been using EOSEasyContract for compilation, I'm not sure if this makes any difference. My understanding is it should as it's using a Docker container to run the compilation.
1 Answer 1
2
The N macro was replaced with the _n operator. It is one of the breaking changes introduced recently. Here is the complete list, _URL_
Removal of the N macro. The ""_n operator or the name constructor should be used as a type safe replacement. Example: N(foo) -> "foo"_n, or N(foo) -> name("foo").
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text:
WebMD Medical News
Laura J. Martin, MD
Oct. 19, 2011 -- About 11% of Americans aged 12 or older take antidepressants, including many who have not seen a mental health professional in the past year, according to a new federal report.
The report by the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics also says that the rate of antidepressant use in the U.S. has increased nearly 400% since 1988.
Among key findings in the study:
More than a third of females and less than a fifth of males with moderate symptoms of depression take medications to treat their mood problems, according to the report.
Females are 2.5 times more likely than males to take antidepressants, but there is no difference by sex in rates of use of antidepressants among people between 12 and 17.
The study shows that 23% of women between 40 and 59 take antidepressants, more than in any other age-sex group. Males and females aged 40 and over are more likely than younger people to take antidepressants.
The researchers say it is important for people who have depressive symptoms to be treated, and emphasis needs to be placed on increasing treatment rates among adults and children.
SOURCE:CDC: "NCHS Data Brief, No. 76," October 2011.
Here are the most recent story comments.View All
The views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of KOKI FOX23 - Tulsa
The Health News section does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
|Usage and history|
Survival capsules were emergency escape devices for ships that either were not equipped with standard escape pods or for last second ejection from a ship.
Survival capsules were large enough to encompass a single occupant and the chair the capsule was attached to. They were made of a tough, yet flexible, material that allowed them to fall from great heights and come to a bouncing landing all while maintaining their structural integrity and protecting the occupant. They were yellow in color with "CAUTION - Explosive Extrusion" written in red on the sides. Once the capsules safely came to rest on a solid surface, the sides of the capsule would burst open to allow the passenger to exit the pod.
During the Clone Wars, Anakin Skywalker, Obi-Wan Kenobi and Ahsoka Tano to the Felucia system to investigate the lack of communication from the Republic medical center stationed there. When they arrived at Felucia, they were attacked by Vulture droids who succeeded in damaging the Jedi's unarmed T-6 shuttle, forcing it to crash on the planet's surface. Just before the shuttle slammed into a rocky outcropping, they ejected, deploying their survival capsules and bouncing down the huge foliage that covered the surface of the planet. All three Jedi's capsules came to rest relatively close to each other and the three safely exited the pods.
- (First identified as Survival capsule)


text:
Classification Rules and Regulations
IPC Powerlifting published an updated version of the IPC Powerlifting Classification Rules and Regulations – version 3 (March 2015). This document replaces any previous version of the IPC Powerlifting Classification Rules and Regulations and came into force on 1 March 2015.
The rules reflect the wording of the IPC Classification Code and are a revised version of the previous IPC Classification Rules.
To ensure competition is fair and equal, all Paralympic sports have a system in place which ensures that winning is determined by skill, fitness, power, endurance, tactical ability and mental focus, the same factors that account for success in sport for able bodied athletes.
This process is called classification and its purpose is to minimise the impact of impairments on the activity (sport discipline). Having the impairment thus is not sufficient. The impact on the sport must be proved, and each in Paralympic sport, the criteria of grouping athletes by the degree of activity limitation resulting from the impairment are named 'Sport Classes'. Through classification, it is determined which athletes are eligible to compete in a sport and how athletes are grouped together for competition. This, to a certain extent, is similar to grouping athletes by age, gender or weight.
Classification is sport-specific because an impairment affects the ability to perform in different sports to a different extent. As a consequence, an athlete may meet the criteria in one sport, but may not meet the criteria in another sport.
Powerlifting is open for athletes with all eight eligible physical impairments listed in the introduction, if these impairments have a certain severity that impacts on sport performance. All athletes have an impairment in their lower limbs or hips, which would prohibit them to compete in able-bodied weightlifting. For example, athletes with a single or double amputation through or above the ankle or stiffness of the knee joint would be eligible to compete. All eligible athletes compete in one sport class, but in different weight categories.


text:
Northern Ireland's only UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Giant's Causeway, renowned for its polygonal columns of layered basalt, is the only World Heritage Site in Northern Ireland. Resulting from a volcanic eruption 60 million years ago, this is the focal point of a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and has attracted visitors for centuries. It harbours a wealth of local and natural history.
The formation of the Giant's Causeway was due to intense volcanic activity. Lava welling up through fissures in the chalk bed formed a "lava plateau". Three periods of volcanic activity gave rise to the Lower, Middle and Upper Basalts, and it's the Middle Basalt rock which forms the famous amphitheatres of hexagonal columns in the Causeway.
The Giant's Causeway is steeped in myth and legend. Some say it was carved from the coast by the mighty giant, Finn McCool who left behind an ancient home full of folklore. Look out for clues of the existence of the mighty giant, Finn McCool – including Giant's Boot, The Wishing Chair, The Camel, Giant's Granny and The Organ. On a clear day, you might even catch a glimpse of Finn's Scottish opponent, Benandonner's homeland of Scotland.
Sea birds can be seen off the coast around the Causeway, with species such as fulmar, petrel, cormorant, shag, redshank guillemot and razorbill being frequently observed. Rare and unusual plant species including sea spleenwort, hare's foot trefoil, vernal squill, sea fescue and frog orchid can be found on the cliffs and nearby rock formations.
Guided tours of the Causeway are available by arrangement for groups of more than 15 people, and there is access for visitors with disability. The area is suitable for picnics, cliff and country walks, and dogs are welcome on leads.
The New Giant's Causeway Visitor Centre - Now Open
Rising and blending into the landscape, with walls of glass, basalt columns and a state of the art interior designed by award winning architects Heneghan-Peng, the Giant's Causeway Visitor Centre is truly innovative. The energy efficient building boasts a number of exhibition areas and a grass roof with 360 degree views of the Causeway coastline. Explore the interactive spaces, watch Finn McCool on the big screen and unlock the secrets of this inspirational landscape.
Conservation is at the heart of the project and the new visitor facilities complement the surrounding landscape, ensuring the sustainable management of this important heritage asset. Innovative interpretation will help to enhance your experience and take you through a journey of discovery learning about the area's history, geology, biodiversity and myths and legends. The new multi-media guide, is one of the most advanced audio and multi-media handsets available and will be offered to all visitors to the centre. It will provide high quality interpretation in a variety of languages as well as services for people with hearing and sight difficulties. This will ensure a unique visitor experience and perspective on the Giant's Causeway.
The visitor experience includes:
- A new state of the art visitor centre featuring an illuminating exhibition showcasing the stories and the science behind the Giant's Causeway
- Innovative pocket size audio guide in a variety of languages
- A grab and go style café
- A new retail facility introducing new and exclusive local products
- Tourist Information
- Fully accessible toilets and a Changing Places facility for people with disabilities
Please note, the Tourist Information service at the centre is free to access.
For visitors who do not wish to avail of the facilities on-site, alternative parking is available at the Railway car park adjacent to the Causeway (£6 per day), from which visitors can walk to the stones for free.
Alternative catering is provided at the site by the Causeway Hotel, The Nook and McConaghy's shop.
Visitors wishing to avail of the fantastic new visitor experience can buy tickets in the following ways: pre-purchase online at _URL_ at the park and ride facility in Bushmills village (March - October), or upon entry to the visitor centre. See Information tab for prices and opening times.
Download the Giant's Causway pre-visit leaflet for more information.
There are four stunning trails at the Giant's Causeway. Recently upgraded, all are colour coded and awash with breathtaking views of jagged cliffs and bays lashed by wind and waves. There's a trail for every ability, from a pram friendly jaunt to a challenging coastal hike and in addition, a new accessible cliff top walk for families and people with disabilities. It might even be possible to glimpse Northern Ireland's favourite giant, Finn McCool whilst walking around these new trails!
The Causeway Coast
Why not experience North Antrim's spectacular coastline first hand by taking a walk along the coastal path which extends for 12 miles from the Giant's Causeway to the Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge? Take in Whitepark Bay along the way or stay in the National Trust's own holiday cottage in the old fishing hamlet of Portbraddan.
Find accommodation near the Giant's Causeway.


text:
by Günter Merk
Translation by Peter Meinlschmidt
Over the years, many beer stein collectors have turned to occupational or trade-related steins as collectibles. Collecting occupational steins can be regarded as an independent specialty, similar to collecting regimental, Mettlach or character steins. Criteria have evolved regarding the assessment of scarcity and value, just as they have with other categories of steins. The first trade-related steins date back to the last decade of the 19th century and their evolution ended abruptly with the outbreak of WWI. Only a few occupational steins bear dates in the 1920s or 1930s. Generally, when dates are found on occupational steins, they indicate time spent in school training for the occupation. These dates usually are between 1895 and 1914.
Steins of this type were primarily made of porcelain, but examples are known to exist in cream stoneware, gray-blue stoneware, and glass. Occupational steins made completely out of pewter are rarely found. The manufacturers and distributors of occupational steins were for the most part located in southern Germany.
The first occupational steins were hand-painted with very simple stein bodies. As the customers eventually demanded better quality products, these simple hand-painted steins were quickly dropped in favor of transfer decorations. This process was generally adopted and, eventually, the only steins for sale were manufactured with steel-engraved transfers. Hand-painted steins were discontinued altogether. The Mettlach steins known as the Occupational Series, numbered 2719 through 2730, were also made to fulfill the demand for steins picturing the occupation of the owner.
Two expressions are usually found on occupational steins. They are: (1) Hoch lebe, followed by the name of the occupation, and (2) Eher soll die Welt verderbeu, als vor Durst ein, followed by the name of the occupation and finally, the word sterben. The presence of either of these expressions enhances the desirability of an occupational stein.
Today, occupational steins are being collected according to the scarcity of the trade and the scenes depicted. The most frequently encountered occupations include farmer (Landwirt), butcher (Metzger), brewer (Bierbrauer), baker (Bäcker) and blacksmith (Schmied). The intermediate range includes cabinetmaker (Schreiner), carpenter (Zimmermann), cheesemaker (Käser or Schweizer) and dairy farmer (Senner). The scarce occupationals include trades such as shepherd (Schafer), gardener (Gartner), shoemaker (Schuhmacher), etc. Subgroups of common trades, such as specialist blacksmith (Hammerschmied) and winegrower (Winzer) are also scarce.
As a general guideline for assessing occupational steins, the following considerations should be taken into account. Occupational steins from trades in which income was formerly good to very good are found more frequently. Trades in which income was low (including miners and fishermen) are rarer, and therefore usually obtain higher sale prices.
The scarcity of the occupational stein is not the only factor determining its value. The pictorial representation of the respective trade is also important. Steins with action pictures command higher prices than those merely adorned with a trade symbol. Along the same lines, beer steins depicting common trades, but adorned with rare and particularly colorful scenes, are also greatly sought after. Finally, quality plays a role with regard to sales price.
Many occupational stein collectors will only purchase drinking vessels with full panoramic scenes, rather than steins with lids having pictures only on the ceramic inset. During the last three years, prices for rare occupational steins have increased considerably and some have even doubled, though common trades have remained fairly stable. Overall, prices for occupationals can be viewed as stable with a tendency toward an upward trend.
*Reprinted from The Beer Stein Journal, February 1995, by permission from Gary Kirsner Auctions.


text:
This story was published by The Ypsilanti Daily Press on Wednesday, September 27, 1911.
Considerable damage was done by the heavy rain and electrical storm which visited this vicinity between four and five o'clock this morning.
A barn containing between six and eight tons of hay on the Watson Barr farm at Stony Creek was struck by lightning and burned to the ground before sufficient help could be secured to quench the flames. There is a possibility that some of the cattle may have been killed as not all have been located since the storm. Some harness and farm tools were also destroyed.
A shed on the farm of Frank Begole, who resides about three miles west of the city on the Saline road, was struck at the same time and was burned. A hog pen near by was also struck and a peculiar feature of the affair was that he pen where the hogs were was strewn in splinters but not an animal was injured. The shed which was burned was filled with straw and it was only the prompt assistance of the kind neighbors and friends that saved the adjoining barns. Not only the men but the women joined in the bucket brigade and saved the other property.


Shure SM57
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Shure SM57 microphone
The Shure SM57 is a low-impedance, unidirectional, dynamic microphone made by Shure Incorporated and commonly used in live sound reinforcement and studio recording. It is one of the best-selling microphones in the world. It is used extensively in amplified music and has been used by every U.S. president since its introduction in 1965.[1] In 2004, honoring its four decades of "solid, dependable performance", it was inducted into the first-ever TEC Awards TECnology Hall of Fame.[1]
The origin of SM57 may be traced to 1937, when Shure engineer Ben Bauer developed the first single-element directional microphone, the Unidyne, which had a cardioid pickup pattern.[1] In 1959, another Shure engineer, Ernie Seeler, advanced the art of microphone design significantly with the Unidyne III.[1] Seeler torture-tested the Unidyne III during three years of research and development and thereby, produced the SM series of rugged and reliable Shure microphone capsules.[1] The "SM" stands for Studio Microphone;[2] Seeler was an aficionado of classical music and expected the SM57 to be used for orchestras. He "despised" rock music, but ironically, the microphone ended up being widely used during amplified concerts,[1] and has become an industry standard for snare drums, toms, guitar amps and other components of rock groups.
The SM57 uses the same capsule as the popular SM58, but has some mechanical and acoustical differences. Like the SM58, the SM57 is fitted with an XLR connector and features a balanced output, which helps to minimize electrical hum and noise pickup. According to Shure, the frequency response extends from 40 Hertz (Hz) to 15 kHz. The SM57 is manufactured in the USA, Mexico, and China.
The Shure A2WS is an accessory windscreen for the SM57 that attenuates wind noise and plosives ("pop" sounds), and protects the microphone capsule.
Shure SM57 microphones with A2WS windscreens installed on the lectern of the president of the United States. The microphone kit (two SM57 microphones, windscreens, microphone stands, and black right-angle XLR cables) is referred to as the VIP/high profile microphone kit.
The SM57 is a popular musicians' choice due to its sturdy construction and ability to work well with instruments that produce high sound pressure levels, such as percussion instruments and electric guitars. The School of Audio Engineering (SAE) recommends the SM57 (along with other makes and models) for four roles in a drum kit: kick drum, snare drum, rack toms, and floor tom.[3] The cardioid pickup pattern of the microphone reduces the pickup of unwanted background sound and the generation of acoustic feedback. SM57s have also been a staple when reinforcing the sound from guitar amplifiers.
Every U.S. president since Lyndon B. Johnson has delivered speeches through an SM57.[1] It became the lectern microphone of the White House Communications Agency in 1965, the year of its introduction and remains so.[4]
Due to its popularity, the SM57 has been counterfeited frequently by manufacturers in China and Thailand.[5] Shure Distribution UK reports that the SM57, SM58, Beta 57A, and Beta 58A are their microphones that are most commonly counterfeited.[6] In 2006, Shure mounted a campaign against the trading of counterfeit microphones.[7]
Frequency Response
40 to 15,000 Hz
Polar Pattern
Sensitivity (at 1,000 Hz Open Circuit Voltage)
-56.0 dBV/Pa (at 1,000 Hz)
Three-pin professional audio connector (male XLR type)
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


transactions: if a snoop transaction returns data, the same data must be returned to the master that requested the data through its read data channel.
 - Sequencing transactions: transactions that access the same location have specific sequencing requirements by the Interconnect. This will be dealt with in detail in the next post in this series.
In this post, we have described the testing strategy and the key aspects of coherent transaction testing. In the next post, we will focus on some of the details of the specification relative to accesses to overlapping addresses.
Authored by Ray Varghese


text:
This post is the second in a series of eight profiling automobiles in the museum's collection. At the conclusion of the series on Tuesday, December 21, the public will be invited to vote for one favorite among the eight cars. The two automobiles with the most votes in the "Race to the Museum" contest will be displayed in the museum from January 22 to February 21, 2011.
Stephen Balzer traveled in the best circles, both socially and mechanically. Trained as a watch maker at Tiffany & Co., he became a machinist and inventor. He won a gold medal for a register that counted revolutions of mechanisms with a shaft and numbered, toothed wheels. In 1894, Balzer built a vehicle with a gasoline engine that rotated around a crankshaft. He drove the whirring quadricycle into the history books as the first American-made gasoline automobile in New York City.
In 1898, Smithsonian Secretary Samuel Langley hired Balzer to build a gasoline engine for the Aerodrome A, an experimental powered airplane. The following year, Balzer donated his experimental vehicle to the Smithsonian, where it earned another distinction as the first motor vehicle in the collection. Balzer's rotary airplane engine wasn't star-crossed, however; it was underpowered and had to be modified by Langley's assistant, Charles Manly. Despite the improvements, the Aerodrome A flew like a brick, and honors for the first powered flight went to the Wright brothers. Balzer built at least one other experimental automobile and briefly tried to manufacture cars. His 1894 vehicle remains a testimony to his skill—and proof that you can go places simply by going around in circles.
Roger White is Associate Curator in the Division of Work and Industry at the National Museum of American History.


text:
Publication: Research - peer-review › Report – Annual report year: 2006
This paper focus on how creative thinking, processes and methods can support the strategy development and planning process in organisations. First, several fundamental concepts related to both strategy development and planning are stipulated. In addition, the concept of living organisation will be discussed as well as the interaction between strategy and creativity. Then, methodological ideas to support the strategy making process are presented enhancing the use of creative methods and tools. Finally, a case study related to the development of a strategy for organisational development using creativity tools is discussed.
|Publisher||Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, DTU|
- methods, Strategy, case study, creativity
No data available


Pattern\|([^\]]+)\]\])/cg
 or m!\G(\[\[download:$FreeLinkPattern\]\])!cg) {
 Dirty($1);
 print GetDownloadLink($2, undef, undef, $3);
 return '';
 }
 return;
}
Searching: saving and restoring $_ and pos
All the text formatting rules rely on using the \G assertion. This depends on Perl remembering where the last match left off. This relies on pos:
Returns the offset of where the last "mg" search left off for the variable in question ($_ is used when the variable is not specified).
This means that you cannot do any further matches on $_ within your text formatting rule. If you do, you will change pos and then the rest of your page will either be garbled or loop forever (as your rule matches again and again).
The solution is to save post and $_, do your stuff, and then restore the two. When you restore the two, order is important as one relies on the other.
The basic structure:
sub MyRules {
 if (m/\G(...)/gc) {
 Dirty($1);
 my ($oldpos, $old_) = ((pos), $_);
 ...
 ($_, pos) = ($old_, $oldpos); # restore \G (assignment order matters!)
 return '';
 }
 return;
}
This example replaces the pseudo-tag <source> with a bit of text, some links, and a list of pages. Thus, if more matching pages are created, the output of this rule must change, even if the current page has not changed.
Thus, we have all the difficulties discussed on this page:
push(@MyRules, \&SourceTemplate);
sub SourceTemplate {
 if (m/\G(<source\/*>)/gc) {
 Clean(CloseHtmlEnvironments()); # if block level dirty block
 Dirty($1);
 my ($oldpos, $old_) = ((pos), $_);
 my $id = GetId();
 my $text = NormalToFree($id);
 my $esc = UrlEncode($text);
 my $tag = lc($id);
 my $file = $tag;
 $file =~ tr/_/-/;
 my %hash = ();
 foreach my $id (SearchTitleAndBody("tag:$tag tag:issue tag:open")) {
 $hash{$id} = 1;
 }
 my @found = map { $q->li(GetPageLink($_)) } sort keys %hash;
 push(@found, "none") unless @found;
 # This is a dirty rule: the HTML output changes even if this page
 # is not edited. It depends on other pages. Thus, it must not be
 # cached. It's "dirty".
 print <<"EOT";

Source Code

How to get a copy of the source code from git:

git clone _URL_

You can also <a href="_URL_ the code on the web.

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 Clean(AddHtmlEnvironment('p'));
 ($_, pos) = ($old_, $oldpos); # restore \G (assignment order matters!)
 return '';
 }
 return;
}
Note that we return the empty string, when the rule matched, and we return nothing when the rule did not match.
Make sure you call Dirty() before actually printing anything. This will print all the clean blocks waiting to get printed. If you print first, then your dirty block and the last clean block will appear in the wrong order after the first save (the rest of the page will appear correct).
A common mistake is to call Dirty(), print something, and return a string. Oddmuse will have registered a dirty block, and then printed something, and the string you returned was considered to be a clean block. So the first time around everything looks cool. The next time around Oddmuse sees the dirty block, and renders it again. Then it finds a clean block in the cache, and prints it. You duplicate the output of your dirty blocks.
Closing words
If you find yourself writing many rules, consider putting them in a Module.


Differences in tolerance for health risk to the living donor among potential donors, recipients, and transplant professionals
A. Young, M. Karpinski, D. Treleaven, A. Waterman, C. R. Parikh, H. Thiessen-Philbrook, R. C. Yang, A. X. Garg
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
In organ donation, the donor, recipient, and transplant team must all accept potential health risks to the donor and any uncertainties. To gauge these risks, we surveyed general altruism and risk-taking behaviors in 112 potential donors, 111 potential recipients, and 51 transplant professionals. Next, participants indicated their risk thresholds for long-term donor hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and kidney failure that would stop them from pursuing living donation and their willingness to proceed when risks were uncertain. The three groups had similar general altruism and risk-taking behaviors. Potential donors were significantly more willing to accept greater long-term donor risks than potential recipients and transplant professionals. Moreover, these potential donors were significantly more likely to agree that living donation was acceptable when long-term donor risks were uncertain. Potential kidney donors readily accept high long-term risks, whereas potential recipients were the most averse to donor risk. Our study shows that transplant professionals facilitate the best decisions by appreciating the willingness of their patients to accept donor health risks along with their own risk tolerance.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1159-1166
Number of pages8
JournalKidney international
Volume73
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2008
Externally publishedYes
Keywords
 - Cross-sectional studies
 - Decision making
 - Hypertension
 - Kidney transplantation
 - Living donors
 - Risk
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Nephrology
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text:
13 January 2006
13 January 2006
Two new UK projects plan to produce vehicle and construction components from the next generation of two families of materials – self-reinforced plastics and bio-derived composites.
The first of the 2 projects aims to develop self-reinforced plastics (SRPs) for high-performance and net-shape moulding. SRPs consist of a polymer matrix reinforced by fibres of the same polymer and offer low weight, excellent recyclability, safe handling and high impact resistance - characteristics that make SRPs extremely attractive to a range of industries including automotive and construction, with many applications already in place.
The objective of the project is to develop SRPs further, allowing the net-shape moulding of existing PP self-reinforced plastics and the use of higher-performing polymers, such as PET, for more structural applications.
The second project aims to develop continuously reinforced natural fibre thermoplastic composite parts for both vehicle and construction applications, bringing the combined benefits of structural performance and sustainability to both these application sectors.
The project will look at continuous woven naturally-derived fibres, such as hemp and flax, as well as thermoplastic resin systems from plant sources. The use of thermoplastics will enable issues such as recyclability, process speed and cost to be effectively addressed, opening up a range of applications.
These new projects are being planned by NetComposites as collaborative developments, part-funded by the UK Department of Trade and Industry. Currently we have the opportunity to introduce and involve key OEM, Tier 1 and industrial UK companies to each of these projects, to help develop the technology to specifically suit their own products and requirements.
If you are a UK based company (or have a UK presence) and are interested in finding more out about how you can be involved in these projects, please contact Gordon Bishop by email at _EMAIL_.
At the JEC World 2019, Refitech Composite Components will showcase its new Refiflex range of carbon components for easy accessible lightweight construction for a range of applications.
Solvay is displaying a thermoplastic composite automotive component on its stand at JEC World 2019.
Custom machine builder Cygnet Texkimp will demonstrate its new filament winding technology at JEC World 2019.


text:
BUILDING 2G SPORT SURFACE – FROM START TO FINISH
Project Name: Ruthin Leisure Centre
Project Address: Denbighshire, North Wales
Size of Project: 6300 m² sand filled all weather pitch
Works Carried Out: Replacement of the existing poor quality field into a brand new and improved all-weather hockey pitch. The current ground suffered heavily with standing water issues. The construction of this new sports pitch included groundworks, soil stabilisation, sports pitch drainage, engineered macadam subbase, sports rebound fencing, 300 lux sports floodlighting and sand filled multi-use carpet.
"We are very pleased with the outcome. Our surface was awful and unusable before these works and now it has been transformed and the students are making the most of this new facility."
The pitch was very muddy and uneven which made the playing and performance characteristics poor, as well as potentially unsafe for players. Therefore, they decided to construct a new all-weather sports pitch facility for use all year round.
EXCAVATION FOR NEW ARTIFICIAL PITCH:
The excavation process involved removing the existing layer of topsoil in preparation for the new surfacing and pitches to be constructed. The pictures below show the initial ground works for the new multi-use sports court after the original topsoil was removed.
SOIL STABILISATION GROUNDWORKS:
The process of soil stabilisation was carried out to ensure that the pitch had a good quality subbase to install our surfacing on, as the initial ground conditions didn't meet the CBR levels we required to build our synthetic turf pitch onto.
SPORTS PITCH DRAINAGE INSTALLATION:
A sports pitch drainage system was installed to prevent the build-up of water on the surface of the pitch, this could have had a negative effect on the playing characteristics, or have led to the pitch being unusable. This ensures that the surface is an all-weather pitch which is suitable for a variety of conditions.
POROUS STONE SUB BASE SPECIFICATION:
The installation of porous stone works as part of the sports pitch drainage system as it contains lots of air pockets to allow water to pass through it quickly and prevent flooding on the surface of the 2G pitch. This allows the drainage system to combat all weather pitch flooding by disposing of the excess water.
SPORTS FLOODLIGHT COLUMNS:
The installation of sports floodlighting around the pitch allows continued use in low light conditions. This means that the leisure centre can increase its revenue as a result of extending the opening hours.
REBOUND TWIN BAR FENCING:
Sports pitch rebound fencing was put up around the 2G surface to prevent the risk of balls getting lost or causing an inconvenience for other people outside of the playing area. This also reduces maintenance costs by stopping sports surface contamination from external factors.
MACADAM SPORTS SURFACES:
The construction of the Macadam subbase surfacing over the groundworks of the pitch ensures an even playing field and gives a bound subbase specification to work from as a firm platform whenever you might need to have the pitch resurfaced in future.
QUALITY CONTROL TOLERANCE TESTS:
Surfacing tests were carried out to assess the quality and performance characteristics of the pitch, this was to ensure that the safety of the players was not compromised at any time. This surface testing also checks to make sure that the pitch meets all the relevant accreditations of the sport's governing bodies.
INSITU RUBBER SHOCK PAD:
The installation of shock pads between the subbase and the playing surface, which act as an underlay for the artificial grass, ensures that the surface meets the recommended safety requirements and provides a comfortable playing experience for the users.
COMPLETED SYNTHETIC SURFACING:
The final result is a 2G all-weather artificial grass sports pitch which meets all the required performance and safety criteria and provides a much better playing experience for the users when it comes to playing both hockey and other sports like football. With the added floodlighting the Leisure Centre can now increase usage hours.


text:
The ever so restless Tailed Jay is considered a "high energy" pollinator and is one of the most commonly sighted butterflies in gardens around the city of Mumbai. It has adapted to urban environments and can even be seen on busy roadsides possibly due to the presence of its food plant, the False Ashoka tree. These trees are known to have been planted to cut down noise pollution. This picture was taken in the terraced 'Hanging' gardens atop Malabar Hill. According to naturalist Sunjoy Monga, 19th-century writings describe the hill as a densely foliated terrain, teeming with venomous snakes, jackals and hyenas. While rapid urbanization has wiped out most of the terrestrial mammals here, the wooded area harbours around 40 species of birds and 34 species of butterflies.
|Photo Location:||Mumbai, India|
|Copyright:||© Rizwan Mithawala|


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title* Pseudo-Schema
FileMaker Pro provides a unique feature called a multi-key - not to be confused with a compound, or more commonly, a concatenated key. Wherein a normalized data structure will typically use a singular key value for each and every record, FileMaker provides the ability to store multiple keys, hence a multi-key, list of values within a text field. Because of this feature, it is possible to create what filemakerstandards.org calls pseudo-schema. In the rest of the database world, this approach may not be considered valid, where isolated within the FileMaker world results in a feature which is heavily used by developers. While not suggested for normal use as part of your schema within a FileMaker solution, multi-key values for the purpose of maintaining relational structure amongst data would use the prefix of idList_ as opposed to the more utilitarian, or more specifically for the UI, keys_ prefix.
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titleDeveloper note
The primary goal of these naming conventions is to create highly readable code. Concerns related to brevity are superseded by clarity and maintainability. These naming standards are also specific to FileMaker Client development. They do not address Web, Mobile or SQL based deployment. For more information related to these aspects of FileMaker then read about Solution development models
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text:
Multimedia: Research seeks to benefit couples therapy by mining social class upbringing
Associate Professor Teresa McDowell, along with a team of graduate student researchers, recently lifted the lid on a sensitive topic few, if any, professionals in the field of counseling psychology—researchers or practitioners—have ever addressed: how differences in social class can affect the health of couple relationships.
McDowell has spent much of her career working to reshape marriage and family therapy education in ways that better support social equity and cultural democracy. Her scholarship has focused on race and racism in family therapy practice and education, critical multicultural family research, and internationalizing family therapy programs. This latest research paper, "Exploring Social Class: Voices of Inter-class Couples," explores how couples with different social class upbringings have built lasting relationship.
McDowell discussed the relevance of social class research, and the unique setting of the Lewis & Clark graduate school to explore this complex counseling psychology issue.
What interested you in researching the impact of social class on couple relationships?
McDowell: Social class is typically included in contextual factors affecting individuals, couples, and families, yet there is very little family therapy research or practice literature on social class. When social class is discussed, there tends to be an assumption that all members of the family share a single social class. Social class is also typically talked about relatively only to lower and working class families. In general, social class is also not openly discussed in the U.S. due to the myths of meritocracy and a classless society. We know that social class deeply shapes the lives of individuals, couples, families, and communities, and have therefore begun researching and talking about it in the literature we are producing.
The interest in social class differences within couple relationships stems from multiple conversations among the first two authors about cultural similarities and differences in marrying across lines in the dominant culture in the U.S. and the dominant culture in Peru. Both first authors also have personal experience that relates to this topic.
Why is this research important to the field of marriage and couple family therapy?
McDowell: We hope to open space for family therapists to begin addressing within-family social class differences and to shed light on the influence of the "invisible" dynamics around class.
Where might this research lead you next? What other questions does it spur?
McDowell: There are many areas related to social class that need to be explored, including:
- Classism and internalized classism among family therapists
- Dismantling classism/internalized classism via family therapy education
- The role family therapists can play in raising social awareness within families of the dynamics of social class in liberation-based therapies, and many others
The first author and another colleague recently published an article on mapping social capital which addresses how family therapists can assist low status families through raising awareness and decision making relative to social class. The first author is currently completing a study of the experience of working and lower class students in family therapy training.
Do you think there's anything unique about this research growing out of an educational institution like Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling?
McDowell: The social justice mission of the graduate school draws faculty and student researchers who are invested in social equity. The faculty-student collaboration around these issues is therefore a fairly natural fit. Numerous people drawn together with similar goals and interests increases synergy and provides support for critical researchers who often find themselves alone in their efforts.
What has been beneficial about having students involved in the research process?
McDowell: We include students in many of our research projects. We are committed to offering them opportunities to collaborate on research and professional writing. We believe it is mutually beneficial as students help move projects forward by completing many research tasks and the faculty mentors their work and guides the effort. Faculty also lead in writing the results for publication while student experience the process of submitting manuscripts, revising, etc. firsthand.
Five graduate students participated in McDowell's latest research: Erin Althusius, Sarah Hergic, AJ Rogers, Gillian Sleeman, Nicky Ton.
Ton '10 plans to pursue a doctorate in counseling psychology while Sleeman '10 plans to counsel clients after graduation. While Ton and Sleeman will take different paths with their degrees in counseling psychology, both have taken away significant lessons from the research project.
In this audio clip, Ton discusses how her participation in this research project inspired her to think about her own experience with social class difference.
In this audio clip, Sleeman addresses the challenges couples from different social classes face and how Lewis & Clark's efforts to improve cross-cultural understanding is preparing her for work in counseling.


The League has a strong presence in Northern Ireland, the one place in the UK where hunting with dogs is still legal. We work closely with Members of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLAs) from all parties to highlight animal welfare abuses in Northern Ireland, and were delighted when in 2015 the maximum sentence for animal cruelty was increased to five years imprisonment.
Northern Ireland is now leading the way in the UK when it comes to punishing those guilty of animal cruelty – but there is still a lot more to be done.
An eight-week public consultation seeking voters' views on hunting in NI was reported as having the largest response to a consultation in Stormont's history. Of the 18,425 people who responded, more than 78 per cent said all hunting, searching, coursing, capturing or killing wild mammals with dogs should be banned in Northern Ireland.
Now this consultation has shown the overwhelming support for a hunting ban in Northern Ireland, there is a strong foundation for a Private Members' Bill to be introduced to see a ban on hunting with dogs once and for all.
Hunting in Northern Ireland
Sadly, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom without a ban on hunting with dogs, which includes fox hunting, deer hunting and hare hunting, and it's high time these were banned.
Hunting with dogs is cruel and unnecessary. The hunted animal suffers immeasurably before it is finally killed. The dogs involved can also sustain horrific injuries, especially during terrier work.
There are three main types of hunting with dogs in Northern Ireland:
 - commonly referred to as fox hunting, hare hunting or stag hunting, hunts ride out on horseback or follow on foot with a pack of hounds to track, chase, attack and kill the hunted animal
 - terrier work, which involves individuals putting terriers into a hole in the ground to 'flush out' or force a wild animal to flee and then kill it
 - individuals using dogs such as lurchers to chase and kill hares.
Hunting live mammals with dogs is as cruel as animal fighting, which has a maximum prison sentence of five years, and yet is still legal. It is not necessary for population management - a well-used excuse for continuing the practice - and is both inefficient and ineffective.
Hunting with dogs has been illegal in England, Scotland, and Wales for more than 15 years.
It is vital that Northern Ireland leads the way with a full and comprehensive ban on hunting with dogs, and does not duplicate the exemptions and loopholes which have allowed animals to continue to be chased and killed in the rest of the UK.
A hunting ban in Northern Ireland must prevent 'trail' hunting from being used as a cover for illegal hunting. 'Trail' hunting was invented by hunts after hunting was banned in England and Wales and purports to mimic traditional hunting by following an animal-based scent trail laid in areas where foxes or hares are likely to be. When an animal is killed by the hounds it is common for hunts to claim it was an 'accident', preventing prosecution.
Exemptions in the legislation in England, Wales and Scotland have enabled hunting to continue under guises including so-called scientific research, flushing to guns and flushing with dogs to be hunted by a bird of prey. Such exemptions are widely abused, making potential prosecution difficult, and cannot be justified.
There is a real opportunity here for Northern Ireland not only to catch up with the rest of the UK, but to lead the way in ensuring full, robust protection for animals persecuted for'sport'.
Badger Baiting in Northern Ireland
Badgers and their setts are protected by law throughout Ireland and Great Britain. However, despite this, they are often persecuted by cruel individuals intent on killing these beautiful animals for their own pleasure. Badger baiting is a bloodsport in which people set dogs on badgers. A baiting session typically results in the death of the badger, and often serious injuries to the dogs as well.
This horrendous activity is particularly prevalent in Northern Ireland and therefore the League Against Cruel Sports has highlighted it as one of our regional campaigns.


Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter
Queen consort of Denmark
Reign 1076–1080
Spouse Harald III of Denmark
Father Asbjörn Ulfsen
Born unknown (before 1076)
Died unknown (after 1080)
Burial Roskilde Cathedral
Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter or Margareta Asbjørnsdatter (11th century) was Queen consort of Denmark as the spouse of King Harald III.
Margareta was the daughter of jarl Asbjörn Ulfsen, possibly an uncle of her spouse; she would thereby have been her husband's cousin. No children are known from the marriage. The dates of her birth and death are unknown.
A DNA test in 2003 dispelled the centuries old legend that Estrid Svendsdatter was buried in the northeastern pier of the Roskilde Cathedral. The new theory is that the sign on the pier refers to Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter, who was also known as Estrid.[1]
 1. ^ "Last Viking buried with wrong woman". The Copenhagen Post. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
Preceded by
Gunhild Sveinsdotter
Queen consort of Denmark
Succeeded by
Adela of Flanders


text:
Top 10 Places you Should Look for Gold (A Beginner's Guide)
Small deposits of gold can crop up anywhere. However, if you want to find concentrated deposits that can make your search worthwhile, knowing some rudimentary facts about how gold moves around will certainly help.
So before we get to our top 10 locations you should search for gold, let's go over some of the basic geological factors you should consider.
Gravity is your friend
Gold is heavy. In fact, it is 3 times heavier than iron and a whopping 19 times heavier than water.
This means that with the assistance of gravity, small gold particles will always sink to the lowest level as its path will allow.
As Mother Nature does her thing, with the wind, rain, floods, and thaws impacting the earth, trapped gold will be freed and will work its way to its lowest point.
So as a general guide, looking for where water flows downhill in a way where deposits can become trapped is a very good starting point.
Hillsides and Rain Storms
Another good tip is to hunt out hillsides that are prone to water runoff during storms.
As the rain falls, water runs down the hill eroding the earth and rock along its path. If gold is present, this will also be freed.
The gold will get caught up in the flowing water and will fall into cracks, undercuts and any other pitted obstruction as it proceeds.
If left untouched, these small particles of gold can grow into meaningful deposits if you have the time and patience to look and discover them.
Streams and Floods
A stream bed during a flood will experience a similar geological effect.
If you observe where the water slows along the stream during a flood, there may be a chance that's where an obstruction exists that could potentially trap particles of gold.
Even a large rock or boulder in a stream is enough to disrupt the flow of water enough for sold to sink to the bottom and collect ready for you to find.
So, simply bearing these conditions in mind when you search for locations to begin prospecting, will help you save a significant amount of time.
What follows are some key areas you should look for when hunting for gold.
Top 10 Places you Should Look for Gold
- Gravel bars on the inside of river bends are a good place to look. The particles will be fine, but in the right location, you can be treated to a bounty.
- The level, flat part of a stream after it has had a period of a steep incline, (i.e. downstream from a section of rapids or a waterfall).
- As mentioned above, earthy hillsides and small cliff points during or after stormwater have run across them.
- High benches are caused by a stream cutting deeper into a canyon. Rounded rocks in the canyon wall would have once been at water level; look in the grooves behind these to see if any gold has been trapped.
- A simple one this: moss and grassroots on the outer bend river's edge. Gold can slowly accumulate here.
- The down-stream sides of boulders look like they have not moved for years. Protected from the flow of water, the ridges at the base of the rock could house precious gold.
- Look for any potholes in the bedrock.
- Small streaks of gravel laying on the bedrock, (however, you will need special tools to remove these if they are underwater).
- It is tempting to look for gold in popular prospecting areas. However, to find deposits that might have been missed you should look for lines of moss running along the bedrock. This hints at being an area that has been undisturbed, and there is very likely to be small cracks beneath that can house particles of gold.
- Newly formed gravel bars are also a potential ground for recently trapped particles.
And there you have it, our top 10 places beginner prospectors should look for when hunting for gold.
Hunting in areas such as these will certainly help your efforts and will reduce wasted time looking in the wrong places.
Image Credits: Pixabay


text:
An engineer selects 10 parts that represent the expected range of the process variation. Three operators measure the 10 parts, three times per part, in a random order.
The engineer creates a gage run chart to assess the differences in measurements between different operators and parts.
For each part, you can compare the variation between measurements that were made by each operator and examine the differences in measurements between operators. You can also view the measurements in relationship to the horizontal reference line. By default, the reference line is the mean of all the observations.
Most of the variation is due to differences between parts. Some smaller patterns also appear. For example, Operator B does not measure consistently, and Operator C usually measures lower than the other operators.


text:
2. Identifying the Topic You Will Teach and Its Relationship to the Larger Curriculum:
There are many factors that a teacher must take into account when selecting a topic to teach. Some factors that you will want to consider in selecting your topic are:
For the purposes of the Teaching Cycle Project, you need to select a topic that can be taught in the allotted time that you are given. A good guideline is to choose a topic that you can teach in 3-5 lessons (though you can choose a longer lesson if you would like). If you are teaching multiple classes, select one class with whom you will complete this project. Sit down with your cooperating teacher, reflect on all the issues that you face (consider those listed above), and select a topic to teach.
Some successful topics used in previous Teaching Cycle Projects have been:
The items to include in this section of the report are:


text:
Professor Oh Young Joo is author of "Understanding Jeju Food Culture" and "Horsemeat Dishes for Health," and is a specialist in Jeju local cuisine. He teaches nutrition at Cheju Halla University. — Ed.
Horse farming on Jeju started in 1276 when Yuan Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, occupied the island and brought with him some 160 horses by ship. The horses were put to pasture around the eastern village of Susan. It was a big success.
The Mongolians then built and operated massive ranches for their military horses and ever since then Jeju has been Korea's largest horse supplier. There is even a Jeju saying: "Send a horse to Jeju, and send a man to Hanyang [Seoul]," meaning that the island's weather and environment are ideal for raising horses, and its people have outstanding skills breeding them.
Horse meat consumption culture from Mongolia
Historically, Jeju people respected the horse for its many uses. They were used for food, transportation and communication, during wars, and for commerce. To the people of Jeju, its skin, fat, milk, bones, hair, urine, and feces were put to use, whether as food or for military or medicinal applications. But before the Mongolian invasion, Jeju citizens used horses only for transportation. Then, the citizens of Jeju noticed that the Mongolians slaughtered and ate the weak and older horses and from then on, eating horse meat spread throughout the island.
In Mongolian culture, honored guests were treated to horse meat and during weddings the bride and groom may receive the head of a horse as a gift. Horses were offered as sacrifices to the gods.
During the Goryeo Dynasty (_PHONE_), Koreans held feasts with horse meat to honor the Yuan envoy. Jeju presented horse meat jerky to the palace's ancestral rites table during the Joseon Dynasty (_PHONE_).
When horses were in short supply, King Sejong, well-known for his management of Jeju horses, would restrict the butchering and consumption of horse meat. In fact, he exiled 650 Jeju citizens for eating horse meat to Pyeongan-do, an area in the north of the Korean peninsula known then as the "harsh land." After that, eating horse meat became one of the great taboos in Korea, reinforced by the saying, "If you eat horse meat you will have bad luck for three years."
Despite the king's efforts, he could not stop people from eating horse.
At that time famines were common in Jeju because the island experienced frequent natural disasters. So the people of Jeju risked punishment from their government and ate horse to combat hunger. Along with famine, the Jeju people experienced poverty and many people would pull together to buy a single horse.
Under the Japanese colonial rule, the Japanese built a horse meat processing plant in Hallim and manufactured canned meat as war supplies during the Pacific War.
Horse meat dishes and health
Jeju people love horse meat. There is a saying: "Beef is not enough for a meal but horse meat is enough."
Horse meat is a tasty, nutritious food, and slightly sweet due to glycogen, a type of sugar the animal creates and stores for energy. Horse meat contains three times the amount of glycogen than beef or pork.
Horse meat is high in protein but low in fat. Horses are active animals and consume lots of energy. Their meat — unlike the double-edged sword that is the combination of protein and fat in pork and beef — contains one-third the fat of beef.
Horse fat quickly dissolves in the human body because the meat contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. It is especially rich in linolenic acid and omega-3 fatty acids like DHA, which prevents arteriosclerosis.
Horse meat is good for those who suffer from anemia because it contains high levels of iron. Its color is redder than other meats because it is full of myoglobin, a type of iron which colors muscle, and is why horse meat is called a fountain of iron. It has four times the amount of iron of pork and twice that of beef.
In addition, the iron in horse meat is absorbed quickly and efficiently into the body. Horse meat is highly recommended for children and pregnant women.
Spicy horse meat stew
Ingredients horse sirloin 600g, dried red pepper 20g, cinnamon 10g, fennel (spice) 10g, small green onion 15g, ginger 15g, clear rice wine 20g
1. Dice the meat into big pieces. Add the diced meat to clear rice wine, ginger, small green onion mix. Refrigerate for 12 hours. 2. Deep fry the meat in oil at 180°C. 3. Add 500 ml of water, ginger, dried red pepper, onion, cinnamon, fennel, salt, and soy sauce to the frying pan and boil. 4. Simmer for 90 minutes.
1. Mix clear rice wine, soy sauce, sugar, and soybean paste and set to boil to create the sauce. 2. Cut the Chinese cabbage leaf into 7 by 4 centimeters. Cut onion, green onion, and shiitake mushroom. 3. Soak the crown daisy in cold water. 4. Dice tofu into 3 by 4 centimeters and fry. Blanch the shredded devil's tongue jelly. 5. Slice the meat. 6. Fry the vegetables and the meat. When cooked, pour the sauce from step 1 on top and let simmer.
(Translation by Yang Young Jae)
ⓒ Jeju Weekly 2009 (_URL_)
All materials on this site are protected under the Korean Copyright Law and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, published without the prior consent of Jeju Weekly.
_EMAIL_ | Phone: +82-64-_PHONE_ Fax: +82-64-_PHONE_ jeju Venture Maru Bldg,217 Jungangro(Ido-2 dong), Jeju-si, Korea, 690-827
Registration Number: Jeju Da 01093 | Date of Registration: November 20, 2008 | Publisher: Song Jung Hee Copyright ⓒ 2009 All materials on this site are protected under the Korean Copyright Law and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, published without the prior consent of jeju weekly.com.


14
\$\begingroup\$
Background
Zeckendorf representation is a numeral system where each digit has the value of Fibonacci numbers (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ...) and no two consecutive digits can be 1.
Nega-Zeckendorf representation is an extension to this system that allows encoding of all integers, not just positive ones. Its base values are nega-Fibonacci numbers (regular Fibonacci numbers with alternating sign; 1, -1, 2, -3, 5, -8, 13, -21, ..., also derived by extending regular Fibonacci sequence to negative indices).
Donald Knuth proved that every integer has a unique representation as a sum of non-consecutive nega-Fibonacci numbers (0 is an empty sum). Therefore, the corresponding nega-Zeckendorf representation is unique for every integer. 0 is represented as an empty list of digits.
Challenge
Given an integer (which can be positive, zero, or negative), compute its nega-Zeckendorf representation.
The output must consist of zeros and ones, either as numbers or characters. Output in either least-significant first or most-significant first order is acceptable (the latter is used in the test cases).
Standard rules apply. The shortest code in bytes wins.
Test cases
-10 = 101001
-9 = 100010
-8 = 100000
-7 = 100001
-6 = 100100
-5 = 100101
-4 = 1010
-3 = 1000
-2 = 1001
-1 = 10
0 = (empty)
1 = 1
2 = 100
3 = 101
4 = 10010
5 = 10000
6 = 10001
7 = 10100
8 = 10101
9 = _PHONE_
10 = _PHONE_ = (-8) + (-3) = 101000
12 = 13 + (-1) = _PHONE_
24 = 34 + (-8) + (-3) + 1 = 100101001
-43 = (-55) + 13 + (-1) = _PHONE_
(c.f. negafibonacci: 1, -1, 2, -3, 5, -8, 13, -21, 34, -55, ...)
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4
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ This stack overflow question contains a possible algorithm. \$\endgroup\$
 – att
 Commented Oct 27, 2021 at 6:32
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ An ungolfed Mathematica implementation based on Knuth's proof: m[a_] := Switch[Mod[a, 8], 1 | 5, a - 1, 0, a + 2, 4, a - 3, 2, 4 m[(a - 2)/4] + 1]; p[a_] := Switch[Mod[a, 4], 2, a - 2, 0, a + 1, 1 | 3, 2 m[(a - 1)/2]]; c[n_] := Nest[If[n > 0, p, m], 0, Abs@n]; \$\endgroup\$
 – alephalpha
 Commented Oct 27, 2021 at 12:26
 - \$\begingroup\$ Is it acceptable to output 0 for 0? \$\endgroup\$
 – Jakque
 Commented Oct 27, 2021 at 21:29
 - \$\begingroup\$ @Jakque No. \$\endgroup\$
 – Bubbler
 Commented Oct 27, 2021 at 22:12
12 Answers 12
4
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Jelly, 17 bytes
0BUJNÆḞḋƲ=ʋ1#ḢȯRB
Try it online!
+3 bytes (ḢȯR) to output [] instead of 0
I'm sure this can be beaten by some clever mathematical trick; this just counts up in binary, converts from nega-Zeckendorf and stops when it equals the input
How it works
0BUJNÆḞḋƲ=ʋ1#ḢȯRB - Main link. Takes n on the left
 ʋ - Group the previous 4 links into a dyad f(k, n):
 B - Convert k to binary
 U - Reverse the bits
 Ʋ - Group the previous 4 links into a monad g(bin(k)):
 J - Indices
 N - Negate
 ÆḞ - nth Fibonacci number
 ḋ - Dot product with bin(k)
 = - Does g(bin(k)) equal n?
0 1# - Find the first integer k such that f(k, n) is true
 Ḣ - Extract k
 ȯR - If k = 0, replace with []
 B - Convert to binary
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4
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Python 3, 89, 87 bytes
f=lambda n,a=-1,b=1,i=0:0<b*n<=b*b-i%2and f"1{f(n+a):0>{i}}"or n and f(n,b,a-b,i+1)or""
Try it online!
Old version
Uses the fact that each negative term in the negbonacci equals minus the sum of all preceding positive terms and, similarly, each positive term is 1 minus the sum of all preceding negative terms. This is used to set up a direct recursion.
Test bed "borrowed" from @Noodle9.
\$\endgroup\$
2
\$\begingroup\$
05AB1E, 19 18 bytes
∞bõš.ΔRSƶÅfāÉ·<*OQ
Try it online or verify all test cases.
Explanation:
∞ # Push an infinite positive list: [1,2,3,4,5,...]
 b # Convert each to a binary string
 õš # Prepend an empty string (for edge case 0)
 .Δ # Find the first value which is truthy for:
 R # Reverse the binary string
 S # Convert it to a list of bits
 ƶ # Multiply each by its 1-based index
 Åf # Get the n'th Fibonacci number for each
 ā # Push a list in the range [1,length] (without popping)
 É # Check for each whether it's odd: [1,0,1,0,1,...]
 · # Double each: [2,0,2,0,2,...]
 < # Subtract each by 1: [1,-1,1,-1,1,...]
 * # Multiply it to the Fibonacci numbers at the same positions
 O # Sum them together
 Q # And check if it's equal to the (implicit) input-integer
 # (after which the found result is output implicitly)
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2
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JavaScript (ES6), 74 bytes
Output format: least-significant first.
f=(n,k)=>(g=(k,a,b)=>k&&k%2*a+g(k>>1,b-a,a,s+=k%2))(k,1,s='')^n?f(n,-~k):s
Try it online!
\$\endgroup\$
2
\$\begingroup\$
Ruby, 137 129 119 bytes
n=->x{x<2?x:n[x-2]-n[x-1]}
z=->x,u=0{i,y=0,u.to_s(2)
y.bytes.sum{|b|b%2*n[y.size+i-=1]}!=x||y=~/11+/?z[x,u+1]:y[0..-2]}
Try it online!
 - Saved 8 Bytes thanks to @ovs suggestion to use =~(find) instead of match
 - probably not the golfiest but at least I solved this complicated task.
n=->x{..} # nega-fib(x)
z=->x,u=0{ # starts from 0
y=u.to_s 2 # binary representation
we convert y to an array of nega+fibs or 0. If that sum is ==x and if no 1's are next to each other we return y with last bit removed, else we try next u
\$\endgroup\$
1
 - \$\begingroup\$ y.match(/1{2,}/) can be shortened to y=~/11+/. \$\endgroup\$
 – ovs
 Commented Oct 30, 2021 at 21:57
1
\$\begingroup\$
JavaScript (Node.js), 83 bytes
t=>(h=i=>i&i/2|t-(g=(i,p=0,q=1)=>i&&g(i>>1,q,p-q)+i%2*q)(i)?h(++i):i)''.toString(2)
Try it online!
\$\endgroup\$
1
\$\begingroup\$
MathGolf, 20 bytes
╘ïâ_h╒m*fh╒¥∞(m*Σ


text:
This Article challenges the universalist theory of international law upon which federal incorporation of CIL and international human rights litigation rely. It unpacks the international relations (IR) theory paradigms that support the universalist theory, and discusses a competing theory that views state compliance with international law as a function of national self-interest. Working from this perspective, it proposes a framework to evaluate the wisdom of federal incorporation of CIL and the wisdom of international human rights litigation. The framework suggests that federal incorporation of CIL generates sovereignty costs for the United States, and that international human rights litigation complicates the achievement of the United States' normative and strategic foreign policy interests. The Article also shows that the universalist theory of international law is often in tension with actual state behavior in international politics.
Not Just Doctrine: The True Motivation for Federal Incorporation and International Human Rights Litigation,
Mich. J. Int'l L.
Available at: _URL_


n(Y) and π i(X n)=0\pi_i(X_n) = 0 for ini\neq n. Together these form an iterated fibration sequence with limit YY. When YY is an mm-type space, it is a finite sequence; when YY is an mm-type spectrum it is bounded above and satisfies the condition on downward homotopy groups; thus the convergence theorem applies. Since each fiber X nX_n is an Eilenberg-Mac Lane space of dimension nn, the E 2E^2 page of the spectral sequence is concentrated on the line p=0p=0, looking like this:
π 2(Y) π 1(Y) π 0(Y) \array{ \vdots \\ \pi_2(Y)\\ \pi_1(Y) \\ \pi_0(Y)\\ \vdots }
There is no room for any nontrivial differentials, E 2=E E^2=E^\infty, and for each nn we obtain the trivial iterated extension
0π n(Y)π n(Y) 0π n(Y)π n(Y) π n(Y)π n(Y)0 000 000.\array{ 0 \to \pi_n(Y) \to \pi_n(Y) \\ \vdots\\ 0 \to \pi_n(Y) \to \pi_n(Y) \\ \pi_n(Y) \to \pi_n(Y) \to 0 \\ 0 \to 0 \to 0 \\ \vdots\\ 0 \to 0 \to 0. }
Of course, the interesting applications of spectral sequences are less trivial, but this post is already quite long enough. In the companion post on the HoTT blog, I'll talk about how to use this spectral sequence (with spectra) to extract versions of the Atiyah-Hirzebruch and Serre spectral sequences, and see what they can do for us.
One final teaser: note that while the groups in the E r+1E^{r+1} page of a spectral sequence are determined by the groups and the differentials in the E rE^r page, the differential in the E r+1E^{r+1} page is not so determined. To figure out what it is, we need to know about the rest of the r thr^{\mathrm{th}} exact couple, which can be tedious to work out. In many applications it suffices to know that such a differential exists, without knowing anything about it; but sometimes the values of the differential do matter. However, if we had a fully constructive definition of the whole exact couple and spectral sequence, as we would obtain by implementing the definition in a hypothetical fully constructive version of homotopy type theory, then the definition would be a program, and we could simply ask the computer to evaluate it on any input we cared about. This suggests to me a vague possibility of a way that homotopy type theory might conceivably one day be useful even to the "working algebraic topologist".
Spectral Sequences in HoTT
Now we want to construct the cohomological Serre spectral sequence of a fibration (i.e. a type family). First recall that a spectrum is a family of pointed types Y:Type * Y : \mathbb{N} \to \mathsf{Type}_\ast such that Y n=ΩY n+1 Y_n = \Omega Y_{n+1} for all nn. Last time I defined the cohomology of a type XX with coefficients in a spectrum YY to be
H n(X;Y):XΩ knY k 0 H^n(X;Y) :\equiv \Vert X \to \Omega^{k-n} Y_k \Vert_0
for kk sufficiently large that kn0 k-n \ge 0. An equivalent way to define this is as
H n(X;Y):π n(SpMap(X,Y)) H^n(X;Y) :\equiv \pi_{-n} (\mathsf{SpMap}(X,Y))
where SpMap(X,Y) \mathsf{SpMap}(X,Y) is the mapping spectrum defined by SpMap(X,Y) n:(XY n) \mathsf{SpMap}(X,Y)_n :\equiv (X\to Y_n), and the homotopy groups of a spectrum ZZ are defined by
π n(Z):π k+n(Z k) \pi_n (Z) :\equiv \pi_{k+n}( Z_k)
for any n n \in \mathbb{Z} and any kk sufficiently large that n+k0 n+k\ge 0. Again, the definition of a spectrum makes this independent of kk. In general, we can "do homotopy theory" with spectra just as we can with types. A map of spectra is, of course, a fiberwise pointed map f: (n:)Y nZ n f : \prod_{(n:\mathbb{N})} Y_n \to Z_n such that the evident squares commute relating it to the equivalences Y n=ΩY n+1 Y_n = \Omega Y_{n+1} and Z n=ΩZ n+1 Z_n = \Omega Z_{n+1}. Similarly, the fiber of such a map is defined levelwise, with fib(f) n:fib(f n) \mathsf{fib}(f)_n :\equiv \mathsf{fib}(f_n). It's easy to see that this inherits a spectrum structure. Moreover, the long exact sequences of homotopy groups for the fiber sequences fib(f n)Y nZ n \mathsf{fib}(f_n) \to Y_n \to Z_n splice together into a long exact sequence
π n(fib(f))π n(Y)π n(Z) \cdots \to \pi_n(\mathsf{fib}(f)) \to \pi_n(Y) \to \pi_n(Z) \to \cdots
which is infinite in both directions, with all entries being abelian groups.
Now in part one above, I explained how from an iterated fibration sequence
X s+1Y s+1Y s X sY sY s1 X s1Y s1Y s2 \array{\vdots \\ X_{s+1} \to Y_{s+1} \to Y_s\\ X_s \to Y_s \to Y_{s-1}\\ X_{s-1} \to Y_{s-1} \to Y_{s-2}\\ \vdots}
we obtain a spectral sequence with E pq 2=π p+q(X q) E^2_{p q} = \pi_{p+q}(X_q). Moreover, if the iterated fibration sequence stabilizes as s s\to \infty (i.e. for s>T s\gt T it becomes 1YY \mathbf{1} \to Y \to Y) and eventually becomes zero at each homotopy group separately as s s \to -\infty, then this spectral sequence "converges" to the homotopy groups of YY, in the sense that for each nn we have a finite iterated extension
E nT,T π n(Y)B n,T1 E ns,s B n,sB n,s1 E ns+1,s1 B n,s1B n,s2 E nR,R E nR,R 0\array{ E^\infty_{n-T,T} \to \pi_n(Y) \to B_{n,T-1}\\ \vdots\\ E^\infty_{n-s,s} \to B_{n,s} \to B_{n,s-1}\\ E^\infty_{n-s+1,s-1} \to B_{n,s-1} \to B_{n,s-2} \\ \vdots\\ E^\infty_{n-R,R} \to E^\infty_{n-R,R} \to 0 }
in which the E E^\infty terms occurring are precisely the nonzero ones on the diagonal p+q=n p+q=n of the E E^\infty page. (There are fancier sorts of convergence that apply to more general situations, but I don't want to get into that right now.) One writes this as
E p,q 2=π p+q(


text:
Dr Julian Lewis and his team at the London Research Institute figured out that Mind Bomb must be playing an important role in the Notch signalling pathway, which helps to tell cells what fate to adopt, or what job to do.
As you might expect, there are versions of Mind Bomb in a host of other organisms, including mammals, where it's involved in making sure the brain and nervous system develop properly. Earlier this year, scientists showed that Mind Bomb also plays a role in the adult mouse brain, and is essential for helping to create long-term memories. Mind Bomb is also the name of a pretty lethal cocktail made with pure alcohol of the kind you would find in a molecular biology lab. Don't try this one at home!


The influence of a compressive stress on the nonlinear response of ferroelectric crystals
N. Srivastava, G. J. Weng
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
8 Scopus citations
Abstract
The origin of nonlinearity in a ferroelectric crystal is domain reorientation, and such a process can be affected by the presence of a compressive stress. In this article we examine how a superimposed compression affects the evolution of new domain and how it changes the shape of the hysteresis loop. We start out by considering the thermodynamic driving force for domain reorientation, and then use a dual-phase homogenization theory to calculate the overall response. To uncover the influence of a compressive stress, the theory is used to calculate the hysteresis loop between the electric displacement D and the electric field E of a BaTiO3 crystal, first without and then with a compression, using a two-consecutive 90° switch model (i.e. 0° → 90° → 180°). It is found that, from the initial 0° position, the compressive stress will increase the thermodynamic driving force and promote an earlier onset of the 90° domain, but its presence will cause a significant delay for the reorientation process to pass through the intermediate 90° state in route to its final 180° configuration. The D vs. E loop then exhibits a more round shape and a lesser steep slope near the coercive field. The delayed passage and more rounded shape are found to be consistent with a recent experimental observation [Burcsu et al., 2004. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 52, 823-846].
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1860-1873
Number of pages14
JournalInternational journal of plasticity
Volume23
Issue number10-11
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 1 2007
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
 - Materials Science(all)
 - Mechanics of Materials
 - Mechanical Engineering
Keywords
 - Electromechanical coupling
 - Ferroelectric response
 - Influence of compressive stress
 - Irreversible thermodynamics
 - Micromechanics
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text:
Recently, some unusual rocks containing distinctive greenish crystals were found in the Erg Chech sand sea.
About Erg Chech 002
- What it is? These are the rocks containing distinctive greenish crystals, it turned out to be from outer space, left over from the dawn of the Solar System.
- They were all pieces of a meteorite known as Erg Chech 002, which is the oldest volcanic rock ever found.
- It is known as an "ungrouped achondrite" means their parent bodies and family relationships are unknown.
- Achondrites are rocks formed from melted planetesimals, which is what we call solid lumps in the cloud of gas and debris that formed the Solar System.
- Erg Chech 002 contains a high abundance of lead-206 and lead-207, as well as relatively large amounts of undecayed uranium-238 and uranium-235.
- Aluminium-26 was distributed quite unevenly throughout the cloud of dust and gas which formed the solar system.
Key facts about Erg Chech
- It is a sandy region of the Sahara in western Algeria and northern Mali.
- It consists largely of shifting dunes.
Q1) What is Uranium-238?
Uranium-238 (U-238) is a radioactive isotope of uranium, a chemical element with the symbol U and atomic number 92. It is one of the two primary isotopes of uranium found in nature, the other being uranium-235 (U-235).


text:
Théodore Géricault carried this little book around in his pocket for more than two years, from 1812 to 1814. He used it to make rapid sketches from life and to copy motifs from Old Master paintings and ancient sculpture, as well as to note ideas for future projects. The sketchbook clearly illustrates his broad range of interests, though it focuses on subjects such as horses and lions, which interested Géricault throughout his career.
After Géricault's early death at the age of thirty-two in 1824, the contents of his studio, including thirty-three sketchbooks, were sold at auction. Most of these sketchbooks were later taken apart, and their individual pages have scattered among various private and public collections. Only six remain intact today. The Getty Museum's sketchbook is nearly complete, with a few detached single sheets showing that a few pages were cut or torn out at some point.


How do diffusion-based generative models work?
Thu, Nov 2023
Bard AI
Diffusion-based generative models (DBMs) are a type of generative model that can be used to learn the distribution of data. They work by iteratively applying a diffusion process to a latent representation of the data, starting from a random point and gradually moving towards the data. This process can be thought of as a kind of "smoothing" of the data, which helps to capture the underlying distribution.
DBMs are typically trained using a variational autoencoder (VAE) approach. This involves first learning a generative model for the data, and then using the generative model to learn the parameters of the DBM. The generative model is typically a deep neural network, and the parameters of the DBM are a set of weights that control the diffusion process.
Once the DBM has been trained, it can be used to generate new data by starting from a random point and applying the diffusion process. The generated data will be similar to the training data, but it will not be exactly the same. This is because the diffusion process introduces some noise into the data, which helps to prevent overfitting.
DBMs have been shown to be effective for a variety of tasks, including image generation, text generation, and speech generation. They are particularly well-suited for tasks where the data is high-dimensional and complex.
Here is a more detailed explanation of how DBMs work:
 1. A latent representation of the data is first learned using a VAE. This latent representation is a high-dimensional vector that captures the essential features of the data.
 2. The parameters of the DBM are then learned using the latent representation. This is done by iteratively applying the diffusion process to the latent representation, starting from a random point and gradually moving towards the data.
 3. Once the DBM has been trained, it can be used to generate new data by starting from a random point and applying the diffusion process. The generated data will be similar to the training data, but it will not be exactly the same. This is because the diffusion process introduces some noise into the data, which helps to prevent overfitting.
DBMs are a powerful tool for learning the distribution of data. They are particularly well-suited for tasks where the data is high-dimensional and complex.
ChatGPT 4
Diffusion-based generative models are a type of generative model that uses the concept of diffusion processes to generate new data samples. The basic idea is to start with a simple distribution, such as a Gaussian, and then gradually transform it into a complex distribution that represents the data. The process begins by training a model on the data set. This model learns to predict the next state in a Markov chain, which starts from the data and ends at some simple noise distribution. The Markov chain is defined by a diffusion process, which is essentially a series of small random steps. Each step in the chain corresponds to adding a small amount of noise to the current state. Once this model is trained, it can be used in reverse to generate new samples. Starting from noise sampled from the simple distribution, we iteratively apply the reverse of the learned transition operator until we reach something that looks like our data. The key advantage of diffusion-based generative models is that they can capture complex dependencies in high-dimensional data distributions without requiring explicit density modeling or adversarial training. They have been successfully applied in various domains including image synthesis and molecular design. However, one downside is that generating new samples can be computationally expensive because it requires running many steps of the Markov chain. This makes them less suitable for applications where fast sampling is required. In summary, diffusion-based generative models work by learning how to gradually transform simple noise into complex data through a series of small random steps. This allows them to capture intricate patterns in high-dimensional datasets without needing explicit density modeling or adversarial training techniques.
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text:
South West caves the driest on record
Researchers want more answers as to why Jewel and Easter caves are drying up.
According to Jayme Hatcher of the Augusta Margaret River Tourism Association, many South West caves once held water.
Thirty years ago, she says, the caves provided abundant habitat such as lakes and root mats for small aquatic creatures.
In comparison, Jewel Cave has lost 98 per cent of its habitat, she says.
Jayme is leading the teams focussed on finding answers to the problem of water supply for the caves, particularly Jewel and Easter caves.
"Jewel used to have a lake capable of floating a canoe," says Jayme, and it was possible once to wade through chest deep water in Easter cave. "Now that's reduced to a small pool in the back of the cave."
The AMRTA is looking at all possibilities as to why the water has reduced, says Jayme, such as reduced rainfall and land use "because it's very evident that what's happening on the surface affects underground".
"The caves were formed by underground water sources dissolving the really young limestone," she notes.
Researchers are looking at all options for rewatering the caves, says Jayme. In the past, the AMRTA has removed all the infrastructure from the top of the caves, to encourage as much water back in as possible.
"After a few heavy rainfalls, we're hoping to see some more activity underground," she says.
The correlation between rainfall and water levels in the caves can be measured, says Jayme. "We've not seeing so much at Jewel Cave where water is two metres below ground level.
"At Lake cave, we see more response." Current levels are maintaining, she says, with some seasonal fluctuations.
If water levels are not increased, the implications for Lake Cave in particular are more dire, says Jayme. "At Lake Cave, it's more of an issue because we still have stygofauna in there."
According to Environment, a federal government website, stygofauna are animals that live in underground water. The classification is predominantly made up of crustaceans but also includes worms, snails, insects, other invertebrate groups. The species are generally found only in very small areas and so they are vulnerable to changes.
Lake Cave is the most abundant location for these creatures, says Jayme. "If we were to lose the water there, it would have more of a detrimental effect on the fauna of the cave."
Past research shows that caves go through many dry periods, she says. Tours have been held in the caves for the past century. "So we can look back. Lake cave in particular has had water for the last hundred years.
"At Jewel Cave, a thesis was done which recorded all previous water levels and that cave has been at many different levels but this is the lowest ever recorded."
More research is needed into the distribution of the cave stygofauna, says Jayme and work is will be undertaken in the near future by a PhD student, she adds. "We don't know enough about them. They're listed as threatened ecological communities. "
The tourism body plans to put in place recommendations from that research.
"At the moment, we're getting as much water as possible into the caves."


text:
The paper examines the evidence for slavery in the late antique and early medieval penitentials. This body of sources has only recently been rediscovered for the study of slavery. Most of the earliest extant penitentials contain canons that deal in one way or another with slaves (servus or ancilla) or slavery (servitium). These canons can roughly be grouped into three categories according to the aspect under which slavery is considered in them: In the first category of canons, slaves are merely mentioned in the description of a sin in which they are either involved in or the victim of. The second category of canons considers slavery as a penitential punishment. The third category, finally, offers more general rules or laws on slavery. Samples for these three categories and their analysis form the main part of the paper. The presented evidence is then evaluated with regard to the questions what kind of insights the penitentials offer for the study of slavery in general, and the involvement of the Church in slavery in particular.
In response to critiques of the 'slavery versus freedom' binary and its limitations, researchers at the international Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies (BCDSS—


The art history program at Purchase College provides a unique experience in the examination of visual art and culture through an abundance of course offerings spanning a vast range of periods and geographies; exceptional local resources; and a strong emphasis on research and writing skills. Grounded in the sensitive analysis of images, objects, and critical texts, the art history faculty's approaches to the field create a deeper sense of art's historical and cultural significance.
Purchase's prime location and proximity to New York City allows students to benefit from incomparable opportunities, such as frequent visits to museums and galleries, that provide unique insights into potential careers. Even closer, and perhaps even more advantageous, the art history program is only steps away from the Neuberger Museum of Art, which is conveniently located on campus. Originated by Roy R. Neuberger's donation of 108 works in 1974, the museum's impressive collection now exceeds 6,000 pieces. The combination of museums, galleries, and cultural institutions—both on campus and nearby—presents an array of lectures, exhibitions, and internships right at students' fingertips.


text:
Cells in identity crisis
With the discovery that skin cells can be converted directly into brain cells, it has been proven that the "identity" of our body cells is not permanently fixed.
But when brain cells no longer know for sure that they are brain cells and slip into an "identity crisis", it becomes problematic - they can divide uncontrollably or lose their function, with consequences such as cancer or neuropsychiatric diseases.
Moritz Mall is researching molecular switches that determine the identity of brain cells - so-called "sentinels". What happens when these sentinels fail or are not present at all? What medical possibilities do the changes in cell identities open up? Will we be able to cure all neurological diseases in the future?
Dr. Moritz Mall is a biologist and head of the junior research group "Engineering of Cell Identities and Disease Models" at the Hector Institute for Transnational Brain Research (HITBR), a joint institution of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg and the Central Institute of Mental Health (IZ) in Mannheim. After completing his doctorate at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), he conducted research at Stanford University in California.
As part of the International Science Festival - Geist Heidelberg