Stack Overflow is a community of 4.7 million programmers, just like you, helping each other.
Join them; it only takes a minute:
Sign up
Join the Stack Overflow community to:
 1. Ask programming questions
 2. Answer and help your peers
 3. Get recognized for your expertise
I'm using the blobstore to backup and recovery entities in csv format. The process is working well for all of my smaller models. However, once I start to work on models with more than 2K entities, I am exceeded the soft memory limit. I'm only fetching 50 entities at a time and then writing the results out to the blobstore, so I'm not clear why my memory usage would be building up. I can reliably make the method fail just by increasing the "limit" value passed in below which results in the method running just a little longer to export a few more entities.
 1. Any recommendations on how to optimize this process to reduce memory consumption?
 2. Also, the files produced will only <500KB in size. Why would the process use 140 MB of memory?
Simplified example:
file_name = files.blobstore.create(mime_type='application/octet-stream')
with files.open(file_name, 'a') as f:
 writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=properties)
 for entity in models.Player.all():
 row = backup.get_dict_for_entity(entity)
 writer.writerow(row)
Produces the error: Exceeded soft private memory limit with 150.957 MB after servicing 7 requests total
Simplified example 2:
The problem seems to be with using files and the with statement in python 2.5. Factoring out the csv stuff, I can reproduce almost the same error by simply trying to write a 4000 line text file to the blobstore.
from __future__ import with_statement
from google.appengine.api import files
from google.appengine.ext.blobstore import blobstore
file_name = files.blobstore.create(mime_type='application/octet-stream')
myBuffer = StringIO.StringIO()
#Put 4000 lines of text in myBuffer
with files.open(file_name, 'a') as f:
 for line in myBuffer.getvalue().splitlies():
 f.write(line)
files.finalize(file_name)
blob_key = files.blobstore.get_blob_key(file_name)
Produces the error: Exceeded soft private memory limit with 154.977 MB after servicing 24 requests total
Original:
def backup_model_to_blobstore(model, limit=None, batch_size=None):
 file_name = files.blobstore.create(mime_type='application/octet-stream')
 # Open the file and write to it
 with files.open(file_name, 'a') as f:
 #Get the fieldnames for the csv file.
 query = model.all().fetch(1)
 entity = query[0]
 properties = entity.__class__.properties()
 #Add ID as a property
 properties['ID'] = entity.key().id()
 #For debugging rather than try and catch
 if True:
 writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=properties)
 #Write out a header row
 headers = dict( (n,n) for n in properties )
 writer.writerow(headers)
 numBatches = int(limit/batch_size)
 if numBatches == 0:
 numBatches = 1
 for x in range(numBatches):
 logging.info("************** querying with offset %s and limit %s", x*batch_size, batch_size)
 query = model.all().fetch(limit=batch_size, offset=x*batch_size)
 for entity in query:
 #This just returns a small dictionary with the key-value pairs
 row = get_dict_for_entity(entity)
 #write out a row for each entity.
 writer.writerow(row)
 # Finalize the file. Do this before attempting to read it.
 files.finalize(file_name)
 blob_key = files.blobstore.get_blob_key(file_name)
 return blob_key
The error looks like this in the logs
......
2012-02-02 21:59:19.063
************** querying with offset 2050 and limit 50
I 2012-02-02 21:59:20.076
************** querying with offset 2100 and limit 50
I 2012-02-02 21:59:20.781
************** querying with offset 2150 and limit 50
I 2012-02-02 21:59:21.508
Exception for: Chris (202.161.57.167)
err:
Traceback (most recent call last):
 .....
 blob_key = backup_model_to_blobstore(model, limit=limit, batch_size=batch_size)
 File "/base/data/home/apps/singpath/163.356548765202135434/singpath/backup.py", line 125, in backup_model_to_blobstore
 writer.writerow(row)
 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/files/file.py", line 281, in __exit__
 self.close()
 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/files/file.py", line 275, in close
 self._make_rpc_call_with_retry('Close', request, response)
 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/files/file.py", line 388, in _make_rpc_call_with_retry
 _make_call(method, request, response)
 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/files/file.py", line 236, in _make_call
 _raise_app_error(e)
 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/files/file.py", line 179, in _raise_app_error
 raise FileNotOpenedError()
FileNotOpenedError
C 2012-02-02 21:59:23.009
Exceeded soft private memory limit with 149.426 MB after servicing 14 requests total
share|improve this question

Try assigning model.all() to a variable outside of the loop and reuse it, creating a new query for every batch could be expensive memory wise. – Joachim Isaksson Feb 3 '12 at 6:17

That gets me slightly further, but I still exceed the memory limit after fetching about 2200 entities. How do I do this more efficiently? – Chris Feb 3 '12 at 6:37
up vote 3 down vote accepted
You'd be better off not doing the batching yourself, but just iterating over the query. The iterator will pick a batch size (probably 20) that should be adequate:
q = model.all()
for entity in q:
 row = get_dict_for_entity(entity)
 writer.writerow(row)
This avoids re-running the query with ever-increasing offset, which is slow and causes quadratic behavior in the datastore.
An oft-overlooked fact about memory usage is that the in-memory representation of an entity can use 30-50 times the RAM compared to the serialized form of the entity; e.g. an entity that is 3KB on disk might use 100KB in RAM. (The exact blow-up factor depends on many factors; it's worse if you have lots of properties with long names and small values, even worse for repeated properties with long names.)
share|improve this answer

Thanks Guido. I tried iterating over the query and saw the same issue. I have added the most simplified version of the condition at the top of my post. I still seem to be continually allocating memory for some reason and hitting the memory limit before I hit the 30 second timeout. If it was just the timeout, I would of course defer the task. – Chris Feb 7 '12 at 12:05

Sadly I'm also out of ideas, except suggesting that there might be a memory leak in the csv module. Do you only get the soft memory error or also hard memory errors? The soft error you can just ignore, it kills the process only after it has successfully finished


text:
Conducted by Steven Kimball and Anthony Milanowski.
Purpose of study
To examine the validity of principals' teaching evaluation ratings and determine whether differences in decision making contribute to the differential validity observed in these ratings. [Validity was defined by the relationship between evaluation ratings and value-added measures of student achievement.]
- How much does the validity of the performance rating relationship vary across evaluators?
- Are differences in evaluator decision making in a standards-based teacher evaluation system related to differences in the strength of the student achievementperformance rating relationship?
The study was carried out in a large school district in the western United States, comprised of 88 schools in which about 3,300 teachers educate more than 60,000 students, that had implemented a teacher evaluation system based on Danielson's (1996) Framework for Teaching several years prior and thus had performance evaluation results for many teachers over several consecutive years. After exclusions for missing evaluation scores and student achievement data, a total of 5,683 students and 328 teachers were included in the analysis for the 2001-02 school year, and 9,873 students and 569 teachers were included in 2002-03. In 2001-02, 39 principals evaluated 5 or more teachers and in 2002-03, 57 administrators evaluated 5 or more teachers. For the qualitative component of the study, 23 of the evaluators with more valid ratings (high correlations with teachers' classroom average student achievement) and less valid ratings (very low and negative correlations with teachers' classroom average student achievement) were selected for interviews. Additional analysis of interview transcripts and written feedback to teachers was conducted for eight evaluators with two consecutive years of high (average r=.55) or low (average r=-.28) validity ratings.
- Evaluators varied substantially in the strength and direction of the relationship between their teacher ratings and the achievement of those teachers' students. Approximately 30% of administrators' ratings of teachers had correlations with average student achievement below –.10 (low validity), while over 40% of administrators gave teachers ratings that correlated with their students' achievement at.31 or higher (high validity).
- Differences in evaluators' motivations, or will, to conduct teacher performance evaluations were not related to the validity of their ratings. All administrators reported positive attitudes about the evaluation system and emphasized its value for teacher development over accountability. Attitudes towards and perceived level of accuracy in teacher evaluations were also similar between highand low-validity groups, despite comments that there was little oversight or consequences from the district. Reported compliance with the evaluation process was also high for both groups of evaluators, except for the supplemental evaluation form.
- Administrators in the higher validity group noted the value of district trainings in helping to build their evaluation skills, while only one of the lower validity evaluators talked about training from the district. Lower validity evaluators said that their experience teaching, in administration, or in business, was most helpful in conducting evaluations.
- Evaluators in the more valid group tended to talk about using rubrics in a more analytical way. However, administrators in each group mentioned factors that led them adjust ratings toward more lenient assessments of teachers.
- There were few differences in evaluator preparation between highand low-validity groups, with most preparation focusing on preparing teachers for the process. Administrators in both groups tapped multiple, similar sources of evidence to conduct evaluations, most commonly classroom observations. Several teachers in both the highand low-validity groups used a very structured approach to teacher evaluation.
- In terms of school environment, the socioeconomic status and prior achievement of students did not differentiate the highfrom low-validity groups of evaluators. Neither did the teaching or administrative experience of the evaluators nor their perceived credibility to the teachers they evaluated. In all but one case, relationships between teachers and evaluators were positive.
- Evaluators overwhelmingly emphasized the formative purposes of teacher evaluation and tended to be lenient, focusing on praise in written evaluations rather than constructive feedback or suggestions for improvement. This leniency may reduce the validity of the evaluations.
The authors conclude that evaluator will, skill and evaluation context did not have a clear or consistent influence on the validity of their teacher evaluations, that is, on the extent to which the evaluation scores were related to student achievement. Possible interpretations of this finding included complex, idiosyncratic interactions between evaluator characteristics, evaluators' reliance on gut-level feelings about teachers, a lack of expectations or support to conduct evaluations accurately (e.g., low levels of accountability, no follow-up training, no consequences for most teachers), and a lack of sufficient detail in the data to reveal differences in evaluator will, skill and context.
Findings suggest that generating evaluation scores that are highly related to student achievement will take more than specific rubrics and basic training of evaluators. The authors advocate for the development of a "strong situation" that provides incentives for accurate evaluation, oversight that emphasizes ratings differentiate among teachers, and ongoing training and practice with feedback on accurate evaluations. They also caution against the use of teacher evaluation scores in making high-stakes decisions about tenure, promotion and compensation.
The teacher evaluation system in this district was based on the Framework, and the authors include detailed information about the instrument and its use in the article. The fact that some teachers' scores on the Framework-based rubric and their students' average achievement were highly correlated provides validation that the FFT describes observable practices that are associated with teaching that raises student achievement.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Essential Guide
Advanced guide to managing iOS devices
A comprehensive collection of articles, videos and more, hand-picked by our editors
How iOS encryption and data protection work
With Apple's iOS encryption and data protection, you can take advantage of strong data security. But first make sure users enable the right settings.
Apple's data protection and built-in iOS encryption provide a powerful system for securing information, but only if those technologies are properly implemented.
If workers don't enable data protection on their devices, or if they use apps that don't utilize it, devices rely on basic iOS encryption to protect sensitive data, which only makes the devices easier to wipe. Making sure that users have data protection and associated settings enabled will help you take advantage of the robust encryption that Apple's system provides.
When Apple released iOS 4, the company added an important new feature: Data protection, an architectural enhancement that beefs up iOS encryption on devices. It works in conjunction with the encryption mechanisms built into devices' hardware and firmware to protect data better. In iOS 5, Apple enhanced data protection to provide more flexibility for file access even if a device is locked, without putting data at risk.
Built-in iOS encryption
Since the release of the iPhone 3GS, Apple has built encryption into the hardware and firmware of its iPads and iPhones. Every iOS device now has a dedicated Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256-bit crypto engine that sits between the flash storage and main system memory. The engine works in conjunction with the SHA-1 cryptographic hash function – which is implemented in the hardware as well -- to reduce overhead for cryptographic operations.
More on iOS encyption
Mobile data encryption techniques
Apple seeks to better iPad, iPhone security
An iPad administrator's best friend: Configuration profiles
Also built into the device's hardware is the unique identifier (UID), an AES 256-bit key fused into the application processor. The UID is specific to the device and is not recorded anywhere else. No software or firmware can read it directly. They can see only the results of the encryption and decryption operations. Plus, because the key is burnt into the silicon, it cannot be tampered with or bypassed. Only the crypto engine can access it. As a result, data is cryptographically tied to a specific device and cannot be related to any other identifier or device.
Building encryption into the physical architecture makes it easier to encrypt all data stored on an iOS device. In fact, Apple enables this level of encryption by default and does not permit it to be disabled. But such iOS encryption provides little in the way of real protection, other than to facilitate a fast, secure wipe of the system. This is an important feature, especially if a device is lost or stolen and remote wipe has been configured beforehand. Under such circumstances, a device's data can theoretically be erased before someone can hack or jailbreak it. But if a device can't be wiped quickly enough, a hacker can crack the security and get at sensitive data.
Enabling iOS data protection
That's where iOS data protection comes in. Data protection is implemented at the software level and works with the hardware and firmware encryption to provide a greater degree of security.
When data protection is enabled, each data file is associated with a specific class that supports a different level of accessibility and protects data based on when it needs to be accessed. The encryption and decryption operations associated with each class are based on a complex key hierarchy that utilizes the device's UID and passcode, plus a class key, file system key and per-file key. The per-file key is used to encrypt the file content. The class key is wrapped around the per-file key and stored in the file's metadata. The file system key is used to encrypt the metadata. The UID and passcode protect the class key.
Fortunately, this operation is invisible to users. They access their apps as they always have. The important thing to take from this is not the specifics of how the encryption-related mechanisms work together (unless you're a developer), but that for a device to utilize data protection, a passcode must be used when accessing that device. The passcode not only unlocks the device, but also becomes inextricably enmeshed with the UID to create iOS encryption keys that are more resistant to hacking efforts and brute-force attacks. In fact, users need to enable passcodes on their devices to enable data protection.
Protecting data in iOS
If you support iOS devices in your organization, your policies should direct workers to use passcodes to help protect sensitive data. But remember that not all passcodes are created equal. On an iOS device, passcodes come in two types: the simple, four-digit, numerical passcode and the more complex alphanumeric passcode, which is normally much greater in length. Not surprisingly, the more complex the alphanumeric passcode, the better.
For example, according to Apple documentation, a brute-force attack on a device that uses a nine-digit numerical passcode will take 2.5 years to try all possible combinations, in part because iOS enforces escalating time delays to help discourage such attacks. On the other hand, a six-character passcode that mixes numbers and lowercase letters will take 5.5 years. As you would expect, a four-digit numerical passcode should take no time at all. Of course, if users set their devices to be automatically wiped after 10 failed attempts, the number of tries is not an issue (unless the passcode can be discovered within those 10 attempts). Even if a hacker were able to jailbreak a device and bypass the passcode, the data would still be inaccessible because the hacker would not know the passcode.
Yet passcodes are not the only consideration if you want to take full advantage of iOS data protection. An app must be designed to use the data protection application program interfaces to ensure that data is protected when it's accessed by the application. The app must also ensure that data can't be moved to apps that don't use data protection. In other words, an unsecure app should not be able to access the data in a secure app. Keep in mind that, even if an application is designed to protect all its data, it can run up against limitations out of its control. For example, data protection can't be used on files that participate in iCloud storage.
With the release of iOS 6, users have a bit more control over apps being able to access secure data in other apps. Although the encryption mechanisms themselves did not change in iOS 6, the operating system now requires a user's permission before a newly installed app can access private data, such as calendars, reminders and contacts. Users can now also modify data access for certain application in the device's settings (under Privacy).
The key to taking full advantage of iOS encryption resides not only in enforcing passcode policies, but also in maintaining complete control of the apps implemented on iOS devices, or at least those apps that deal with your organization's sensitive data. Anything less can amount to practically no protection at all.
This was first published in February 2013
PRO+
Content
Find more PRO+ content and other member only offers, here.
Essential Guide
Enterprise mobile security smackdown: iOS vs. Android vs. Windows
0 comments
Oldest
Forgot Password?
No problem! Submit your e-mail address below. We'll send you an email containing your password.
Your password has been sent to:
-ADS BY GOOGLE
SearchNetworking
SearchTelecom
SearchUnifiedCommunications
SearchSecurity
Close


text:
Welcome to Community UCC Sunday School
We would like to introduce our new Sunday School teachers for this year.
Taisha Garr will be leading our younger student class (3 year olds– 4th grade) CLASS A
Tammy Blanke will be leading our older student class (5th-7th grade) CLASS B
Diane Hassinger will be leading our Confirmation classes
Our Sunday School program Centers on faith formation, family engagement and community service. Classroom time focuses on building our relationship with God by learning more about our self and how we interact with others. Sunday School curriculum is through an organization called Spark House: "Whirl" for our younger students and "Connect" for our older students. The curriculum has a weekly Scripture reading with a lesson, art project, game or craft to accompany that reading.
Sunday School will again have "Be In Church" Sundays, so look for our students to help with worship by lighting candles, collecting offering, etc.
As always, parents are welcome to join our classes and see all the great things we are up to! Who knows, you might want to look into teaching Sunday School at some point!
If you would like more information about our Sunday School please reach out to one of the teachers or the church office.
Jesus said, "Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of heaven belong to such as these." -Matthew 19:14

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
With record heat waves sweeping across the country this summer, Americans are using camping to seek refuge from stifling concrete jungles in cool, shady outdoor landscapes. Camping also offers an affordable summer vacation option for those looking to get away without boarding a plane.
During the recent Pacific Northwest Heatwave, record temperatures in Portland, Oregon, reached 115 degrees. Yet only 60 miles away, campsites on Mt. Hood were 20 degrees cooler with a forgiving forest cover and refreshing mountain lakes. Camping allows for spontaneity, where you can grab your gear and leave town as soon as temperatures start to rise.
Looking to turn triple-digit dog days into a relaxing vacation? Check out these six tips on where to camp when you're seeking some shelter from the swelter.
1. Get to Higher Ground
When looking for a campsite in the heart of summer, our first recommendation is to check a topographic map of the area in which you want to camp. The higher elevation you can find, the cooler you will be. The change in atmospheric pressure causes a drop in temperature averaging about 3.5 degrees for every 1,000 feet you go up.
You don't need to be in the backcountry on top of a 14er to feel the change in temperature. Many drive-in and RV-accessible campsites offer moderate altitude and a cool relief on the sides of mountains. The Dyrt camper Erin D. beat the heat at Mount Mitchell State Park in North Carolina: "We left home and the temperature was well into the high 90s, however, the temperature on top of the mountain never came above 62!"
3 places to stay cool and up high:
- Stanley Lake Campground— Idaho (6,000 ft above sea level)
- Blue Lakes Dispersed Camping — Colorado (9,342 ft above sea level)
- Mount Mitchell State Park — North Carolina (6,684 ft above sea level)
2. Head to the Coast
A sea breeze is as close as it gets to natural air conditioning. And when all else fails, a dip in the ocean is a surefire way to cool off. If you live by the coast or are willing to take a camping road trip, head to these campsites for saltwater relief and some pretty unforgettable sunsets.
3 places to fall asleep to the sound of crashing waves:
- Point Reyes National Seashore — California (Drakes Bay)
- Mount Desert Campground — Maine (Somes Sound)
- Assateague State Park — Maryland (Atlantic Ocean)
3. Cool Down Up North
When the temperatures start to rise in your neck of the woods, perhaps the best thing to do is jump in the car and head north. These campgrounds nestled near the Canadian border all have high average temperatures sitting in the mid-70s.
These campsites not only offer mild summers but are forested, remote, and incredibly scenic. Looking for a campsite by the water where you won't see another soul? Head to remote Umbagog Lake where a boat drops you off and picks you up at your site. Want to camp near waterfalls and above the turquoise blue waters of Lake Michigan? Head to Twelve Mile Beach. Of course, if you are brave enough to dip your toes into ice-cold alpine lakes and want to hike in the shadow of mountains still dotted with patches of snow, head to a spot in Glacier National Park.
3 places that are likely north of where you are:
- Umbagog Lake Campground — New Hampshire (40 miles from the Canadian border)
- Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore / Twelve Mile Beach — Michigan (117 miles from the Canadian border)
- Many Glacier Campground — Montana (16 miles from the Canadian border)
4. Soak, Swim, and Float in Natural Springs
The most foolproof method for staying cool is probably keeping yourself submerged in water all day. If you are looking to wade, lounge or float to your heart's content, we recommend camping at a shady oasis like one of these natural springs.
A pro tip from camper Audie Koe: "Always camp next to water so you can spend the day swimming and keeping cool." Take a page from Audie's book and head to these campsites at natural springs.
3 places to wade the day away:
- Juniper Springs Recreation Area — Florida (Natural Spring at Headwaters of Juniper Creek)
- Johnson Shut-Ins State Park — Missouri (East Fork Black River)
- Krause Springs — Texas (Natural Springs)
5. Flee to the Forest
Chances are one of the reasons your home is getting so hot is because of exposure to the sun. Most urban and suburban areas are susceptible to becoming urban heat islands, pushing temperatures sometimes up to 20 degrees higher than they would be in an area without development. Many campsites have that coveted covered forest, making them ideal spots to pitch your tent or park your RV during the summer heat.
One of the main discomforts of camping is the heat your tent or RV will take on if it sits in the sun all day. It is recommended in sunny campsites to take down your tent during the daytime to avoid this. Instead, follow camper Sue Belden's recommendation to "find a shady spot and sit still."
3 places to sleep under the trees:
- Roam Beyond Kalaloch — Washington (Hoh National Forest)
- Grapevine Campground — New Mexico (Gila National Forest)
- Gifford Woods State Park — Vermont (Green Mountain National Forest)
6. Camp at a Resort, With a Pool!
If you live in an area of the country that isn't bordered by an ocean or lake, don't fret! You can still getaway for the weekend and stay cool while doing it. Many campgrounds and camping resorts have pools on-site so you can kick back relax all day without ever having to get in the car.
Want to get away and keep your kids entertained? Head to Moose Hillock for a pool that rivals an amusement park and offers swim-in movie showings at night. Planning to park it in the Arizona desert and want to make sure you can plug in your rig and crank the A/C while you're not wading in the pool? The South Forty RV Ranch has the hookup. Looking to unwind at a natural hot spring? Pull the RV over at Sleeping Buffalo Hot Springs.
3 places to relax by the pool:
- Moose Hillock — New Hampshire (Tropical pool with waterslides and swim in movie theater)
- South Forty RV Ranch — Arizona (Pool and hot tub open year-round)
- Sleeping Buffalo Hot Springs — Montana (Pools heated by natural hot springs)


text:
Apple IPM Home
Apple Scouting Manual
IPM Final Reports
INSECT AND MITE PESTS
San Jose Scale
There are two main problems with control of this insect: 1) the insect is very small and so goes unnoticed until large populations have built up; and 2) the insect spends much of its life cycle under a protective cover or scale. Therefore, TIMING of insecticide applications becomes of paramount importance.
San Jose Scale
The adults are very small and the female does not fly. Males will emerge about mid-May and seek out females. Mating occurs and then, about early to mid June, live young (called crawlers) are born. These tiny yellow insects move over the tree in a seemingly random pattern until they locate a suitable site. Once located, the crawler sticks its mouthparts into the tree and secretes a waxy shell over its body. From this point on, female scales will not move. Males will remain in one location until maturity at which time, they will seek out females and begin the cycle again.
SCOUT: Scale, if sampled, will be monitored by 2 methods (1) adult traps will be monitored for about two months in early spring. (2) Known scale infestations will be watched for appearance of the crawler stage. Crawlers can be easily detected by wrapping a small amount of black electrical tape with the sticky side out around a branch. Report the date crawlers are first seen.
ACTION THRESHOLD: Any scale calls for an application during crawler movement. See appendices for pheromone trapping and degree day modeling information.
Apple IPM web site created by Kerry Kirk - 2001 - Maintained by Pat Dillon

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


A password will be e-mailed to you.
Transgender youth should be able to have the correct ID to match their gender identity. "Arizona should not be allowed to require my son to undergo surgery before it recognizes him for who he is."
PHOENIX, AZ – Today, the National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR), along with co-counsel Cooley LLP and Osborn Maledon, P.A. filed a lawsuit challenging Arizona's requirement that transgender people undergo surgery before the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) will correct the sex listed on their birth certificate. That requirement excludes transgender youth from correcting their birth certificates.
The plaintiffs—D.T., Jane Doe, and Helen Roe—are transgender youth who are seeking to correct their birth certificates. Having to use their current, and inaccurate, birth certificates forces them to disclose their transgender status, private information they do not want to share, which causes them serious emotional harm and puts them at risk of discrimination, harassment, and violence.
Requiring surgery bars transgender young people from correcting the gender marker on Arizona birth certificates because, with limited exceptions, transgender young people do not undergo any surgical treatment. As a result, transgender young people like D.T., Jane, and Helen are unable to obtain accurate birth certificates.
The lawsuit alleges that Arizona's surgical requirement violates the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Because of the severe bullying and harassment Jane experienced in school, the Plaintiffs' lawyers also filed a Motion for Preliminary Injunction seeking a court order requiring ADHS to issue Jane a corrected birth certificate so that her parents can enroll her in a new school before in-person learning resumes in January 2021.
"Arizona should not be allowed to require my son to undergo surgery before it recognizes him for who he is. There are so many things he would like to do, like sign up to play recreational basketball, but he often stops himself because he is worried about how people will react when they find out he is transgender. As a result, he is missing out on formative experiences to protect his privacy, a choice no kid should ever have to make," said Lizette Trujillo, D.T.'s mother.
"Access to corrected identity documents is critically important to the health and well-being of transgender people. For young people, the birth certificate affects everything from school records to camp registration and sports participation," said Asaf Orr, Senior Staff Attorney and Director of the Transgender Youth Project at the National Center for Lesbian Rights. "The U.S. Constitution protects the right of transgender people to be who they are without interference from the government. Arizona's surgery requirement runs afoul of that fundamental constitutional principle."
"Arizona needlessly prevents transgender young people from correcting their birth certificate, an essential identity document. The surgical requirement serves no legitimate purpose and causes untold harm," said Barrett Anderson, Attorney for Cooley LLP
[From a News Release]


text:
Advanced Modeling Programs: Perplex
What is Perplex?
Perplex is a thermodynamic calculation package suitable for rapidly creating phase diagrams of all types, creating pseudosections (phase diagrams that include only those reactions experienced by a particular bulk composition). It allows easy estimation of rock and mineral properties as a function of conditions (pressure, temperature, composition).
In order to create a phase diagram, the identity, abundance, and composition of the stable phases must be determined for each condition over a range of pressure, temperature, composition, or some combination of these. Thermodynamics requires that the stable phases be those with the minimum Gibbs energy. This low-energy set of phases can be determined in two ways: either by the solution of a set of non-linear equations, or by a "brute force" method, in which the energy of each set of possible phases is calculated, and that set with the minimum energy is selected, for each condition. The conditions are organized on a Cartesian grid, with grid refinement typically iterating to better constrain the position of reactions.
This process is complicated greatly by the fact that many minerals have solid solution, and their energy changes with changes in their compositions. The strategy Perplex uses to address this is to subdivide each mineral into a large number (~50) pseudocompounds. The energy of each pseudocompound is determined in advance (it's actually a function of pressure and temperature), and while this creates a myriad of'minerals' (the pure ones together with the pseudocompounds), it makes the calculation quite straightforward.
There are a number of optimizations that Perplex can use to speed up the calculation, especially with the advent of the 2007 version of Perplex.
Perplex relies on two primary datasets:
- thermodynamic databases that give properties of a wide range of end-members (both mineral, liquid, and melt)
- activity models that describe how the energies of the end-members contribute to the energies of intermediate compositions.
Perplex has the ability to choose among a wide range of databases and activity models at run-time, offering great flexibility.
Phase Diagram Calculations
- Projections (or 'Shreinemakers diagrams') show stable invariant points and univariant reaction lines for all of the bulk compositions in a model system (e.g. petrogenetic grids).
- Composition diagrams show the mineral assemblages and ranges of mineral solid solutions at a specified P and T, for all the bulk compositions in the model system (e.g. AFM diagrams).
- Mixed-variable diagrams show all phase relationships as a function of P or T and one compositional variable.
- Pseudosections show just those phase relationships for a specified bulk composition.
Rock Property Calculations
Once a pseudosection has been determined, the properties of the rock can be calculated, including variables such as seismic velocity.
Strengths & Limitations
Univariant reactions in a petrogenetic grid are extremely useful in providing bounding constraints on the stability of mineral assemblages. However, petrogenetic grids, especially complex ones with lots of reactions, can be difficult to interpret, and most mineral assemblages in real rocks are higher variance. Moreover, for specific rock compositions, many of these reactions are not'seen' by a particular bulk composition.
Most people are interested in specific mineral assemblages in the rocks they are studying, for which they have collected and analyzed. The advantage of the pseudosection approach is that this type of diagram portrays only the reactions we are interested in by examining a compositional slice through the full multi-component chemical system.
One caveat of the pseudosection approach is the choice of bulk composition. This can be done via a whole rock geochemical (XRF) analysis if equilibrium is achieved on the 'rock' scale. However, many metamorphic rocks preserve chemical zoning of porphyroblasts and the choice of an 'effective' bulk composition is more appropriate, by combining mineral chemistry data with modal proportions (e.g. by only including garnet cores and excluding the rims).
There are other thermodynamic modeling programs available, including THERMOCALC, MELTS, and TWQ. Each has its merits, and a comparison of these may be useful. In addition, because Perplex is so similar to THERMOCALC in its goals, a direct comparison of the two may be informative.
The basic approach to creating a diagram in Perplex involves the following sequence of steps:
- Choose a model system in which to do the calculations (choose components).
- Formulate the thermodynamics (a-X relationships) of the phases in the system.
- Decide which phase diagrams are to be constructed and, for pseudosections, choose an appropriate bulk composition. Here are links to worked examples from the Perplex website. Most of these are also included in the Learning Pseudosections with Perplex teaching activity.
- P-T Projections
- Compatibility Diagrams
- Mixed-variable diagrams
- P-T Pseudosections
- P-X or T-X Pseudosections
- Connolly JAD (2005) Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: a tool for geodynamic modeling and its application to subduction zone decarbonation. EPSL 236:524-541.
- Connolly JAD, Kerrick DM (2002) Metamorphic controls on seismic velocity of subducted oceanic crust at 100-250 km depth. EPSL 204:61-74
- Connolly JAD, Petrini K (2002) An automated strategy for calculation of phase diagram sections and retrieval of rock properties as a function of physical conditions. J Met Geol, 20:697-708.
- Connolly JAD (1995) Phase diagram methods for graphitic rocks and application to the system C-O-H-FeO-TiO2-SiO2. Contrib Mineral Petrol 119:94-116.
- Connolly JAD, Cesare B (1993) C-O-H-S fluid composition and oxygen fugacity in graphitic metapelites. J Metamorphic Geol 11:368-378.
- Abart R, Connolly JAD, Trommsdorff V (1992) Singular point analysis: construction of Schreinemakers projections for systems with a binary solution. Am J Sci 292:778-805.
- Connolly JAD, Trommsdorff V (1991) Petrogenetic grids for metacarbonate rocks: pressure-temperature phase diagrams for mixed volatile systems. Contrib Mineral Petrol 108: 93-105.
- Connolly JAD (1990) Multivariable phase diagrams: an algorithm based on generalized thermodynamics. Am J Sci 290:666-718.
- Connolly JAD, Kerrick DM (1987) An algorithm and computer program for calculating composition phase diagrams. CALPHAD 11:1-55.
- Learning Pseudosections with Perplex - Dave Hirsch, Western Washington University
- Phase Diagram Projections and Phase Diagram Sections Lab (Microsoft Word 40kB Mar29 07) - This two week exercise, provided by Dave Pattison at the University of Calgary, includes problems sets involving phase diagram sections using Gibbs (for demonstration of principles) and Perplex.


text:
Accession number: 1997.131
Beginning in 1888, streetcars were the dominant means of public transportation in Richmond until they were replaced by buses in 1949. A 1906 law required black Virginians to sit at the back of all public transit vehicles. Streetcars inadvertently fostered segregation by race and economic class. The exhibition features this Richmond streetcar, bought by the city in 1918.
This video, excerpted from Witness to a Century, discusses segregation in Virginia.


Written by William L. Hosch
Written by William L. Hosch
Descartess rule of signs
Article Free Pass
Written by William L. Hosch
Descartes's rule of signs, in algebra, rule for determining the maximum number of positive real number solutions (roots) of a polynomial equation in one variable based on the number of times that the signs of its real number coefficients change when the terms are arranged in the canonical order (from highest power to lowest power). For example, the polynomial x5 + x4 − 2x3 + x2 − 1 = 0changes sign three times, so it has at most three positive real solutions. Substituting −x for x gives the maximum number of negative solutions (two).
The rule of signs was given, without proof, by the French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes in La Géométrie (1637). The English physicist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton restated the formula in 1707, though no proof of his has been discovered; some mathematicians speculate that he considered its proof too trivial to bother recording. The earliest known proof was by the French mathematician Jean-Paul de Gua de Malves in 1740. The German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss made the first real advance in 1828 when he showed that, in cases where there are fewer than the maximum number of positive roots, the deficit is always by an even number. Thus, in the example given above, the polynomial could have three positive roots or one positive root, but it could not have two positive roots.
What made you want to look up Descartess rule of signs?
Please select the sections you want to print
Select All
MLA style:
"Descartes's rule of signs". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 18 Sep. 2014
<_URL_
APA style:
Descartes's rule of signs. (2014). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from _URL_
Harvard style:
Descartes's rule of signs. 2014. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 18 September, 2014, from _URL_
Chicago Manual of Style:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online, s. v. "Descartes's rule of signs", accessed September 18, 2014, _URL_
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Click anywhere inside the article to add text or insert superscripts, subscripts, and special characters.
You can also highlight a section and use the tools in this bar to modify existing content:
Editing Tools:
We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles.
You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind:
 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica articles are written in a neutral, objective tone for a general audience.
 2. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered.
 3. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources.
 4. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are best.)
Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions.
×
(Please limit to 900 characters)
Or click Continue to submit anonymously:
Continue


text:
Artificial Sweeteners May Contaminate Water Downstream Of Sewage Treatment Plants And Even Drinking Water
Sewage treatment plants fail to remove artificial sweeteners completely from waste water. What's more, these pollutants contaminate waters downstream and may still be present in our drinking water. Thanks to their new robust analytical method, which simultaneously extracts and analyses seven commonly used artificial sweeteners, Marco Scheurer, Heinz-Jürgen Brauch and Frank Thomas Lange from the Water Technology Center in Karlsruhe, Germany, were able to demonstrate the presence of several artificial sweeteners in waste water.
Their findings are published online this week in Springer's journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.
A range of artificial sweeteners are commonly used in food and drinks, as well as drugs and sanitary products. The potential health risks of artificial sweeteners have been debated for some time. Until now, only sucralose has been detected in aquatic environments. Through the use of a new analytical method, the researchers were able to look for seven different artificial sweeteners (cyclamate, acesulfame, saccharin, aspartame, neotame, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and sucralose) simultaneously, and show, for the first time, that a number of commonly used artificial sweeteners are present in German waste and surface water.


Become a digitalPLUS subscriber. $12 for 12 weeks.
Sir Edmund Hillary, 88; New Zealand mountaineer was first to climb to the top of Mt. Everest (Jan. 11)
Evelyn Pinckert Brier, 98; widely regarded as the first licensed female flight instructor in the United States (Jan. 20)
John W. Myers, 96; renowned test pilot who flew the Northrop P-61 during World War II (Jan. 31)
Steve Fossett, 63; millionaire adventurer missing since September 2007 ruled legally dead by an Illinois court. Wreckage of his plane and his remains found near Mammoth Lakes, Calif., in October (Feb. 15)
Vicki Van Meter, 26; made headlines in the 1990s when she piloted a plane across the United States at the age of 11 and flew from the United States to Europe at age 12 (March 15)
G. David Low, 52; NASA astronaut served on three space shuttle missions (March 15)
Diane Barnato Walker, 90; first British woman pilot to break the sound barrier (April 28)
Ralph S. Plaisted, 80; a Minnesota insurance salesman turned explorer who in 1968 led the first expedition that indisputably reached the North Pole over the ice (Sept. 8)
Frank Mundus, 82; a renowned Long Island, N.Y., shark fisherman famous for catching gargantuan great whites and reputed to have inspired the irascible Capt. Quint character in the novel and movie "Jaws" (Sept. 10)
Jacques Piccard, 86; a scientist and underwater explorer (Nov. 1)
Copyright © 2014, The Baltimore Sun


text:
I've created a check box on a window using the following call to CreateWindowEx()..
(note: h_check is a window handle(HWND), h_mainwindow is a handle to the parent window which has been created, CBID_CW is a constant and is used as an id number, app_instance is the hInstance passed to WinMain())
h_check = CreateWindowEx(NULL, "BUTTON", "Blah", WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX | BS_TEXT, 0, 0, 100, 17, h_mainwindow, (HMENU)(CBID_CW), app_instance, NULL);
My problem lies here.. The main window background is white but the check box has a grey background behind the text. I want to change the colour of the grey area behind the check boxes text to white so it matches the rest of the window.
Can anyone give me an example of how to do this without drawing the check box myself?
If i have to draw the checkbox myself that doesn't matter but it would be easier if i could just get windows to draw it a different colour.


Police in Brazil Killed Record Amount of People in 2020
An average of 17 people a day, totaling at least 6,416 people, were killed by police in Brazil during the year of 2020. These staggering totals set the highest amount ever recorded since tracking police killings in the country of over 211 million people. The 2020 numbers, compiled by the Brazilian Public Security Forum, are a 190% increase from 2013. Black Brazilians were killed at the highest rate, accounting for 79% of the deaths by police while only representing 56% of the population.
Non-profit Brazilian Public Security Forum released the data in their annual Brazilian Yearbook of Public Security which analyzes information provided by state, public security, civil, military, and federal police, among other sources. Over 11,000 people were killed by police during the five-year period of 2009-2013, averaging around 2,240 killings a year by police.
The vast majority of the families of those killed by police never receive justice and the lack of accountability has led to the Human Rights Watch seeking a dedicated prosecutorial body, not directly connected to the police, to handle cases of police abuse.
Large criminal organizations controlling swaths of heavily populated Brazilian cities are deeply connected to security forces controlled by the military and state and draw their roots from the two decades of Brazilian military dictatorship that ended in 1985. Evidence shows police involvement in criminal factions, militias, and death squads, like those linked to President Jair Bolsonaro's family that killed Marielle Franco in 2018, a human rights advocate and politician. These connections have helped to fuel the rise in police killings and allow for little accountability.
Marielle Franco tribute mural in São Paulo, Brazil – photo via Elias Rovielo/Creative Commons
Related: Echoes of George Floyd in Brazil: Man Kneeled On, Killed by Security Guard
In the state of Rio de Janeiro, well known worldwide for its city with the same name, beautiful beaches and its nightlife, police killed 1,245 people in 2020. Based on the population of the state, one in every 12,851 residents are killed by police. Comparatively, police killed 1,126 people in the U.S. in 2020, which is one in every 291,296 residents. According to research collective Mapping Police Violence, of the 1,126 killed by U.S. police last year, 28% were Black, despite the Black population being only 13% of the total country.
Ultimately, the numbers from Brazil are staggering in comparison to the U.S. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, the police are 2,167 times more likely to kill you in than in the U.S.
Police operation in the communities of Cantagalo-Pavão-Pavãozinho, Rio de Janeiro – photo via Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil/Creative Commons
The state of Rio de Janeiro also recorded seven of the top ten cities with the highest rates of police violence: Japeri, Itaguaí, Angra dos Reis, São Gonçalo, Queimados, Mesquita and Belford Roxo.
Those killings have continued in 2021, despite the Federal Supreme Court (STF) prohibiting police raids in the favelas (ADFP 635) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In late March 2021, Rio de Janeiro resident, Thainã de Meideiros, told Unicorn Riot that although ordered to stop raids, the police keep "coming up with excuses" to violate the legislative ruling.
Meideiros is part of the Papo Reto Collective, an organization focused on human rights, culture, harm reduction, health, and education in Complexo do Alemão, a large group of favelas in Rio de Janeiro.
Papo Reto was among a coalition of other collectives, including Black movement groups and those ran by mothers and relatives of lost loved ones from the favelas, as the initial groups to conjure up the motions that the STF ruled upon, the ADPF 635, or 'ADPF of the Favelas'. Setting a historical precedent, with ADPF 635 enacted, these collectives are recognized as amici curiae (advisors with the court based on their special expertise).
An ADPF is a Claim of Non-Compliance with a Fundamental Precept, a lawsuit claiming a violation of the Brazilian constitution by a governmental agency. Citing excessive police violence and new security policies allowing further abuses, the lawsuit was filed by the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) in 2019.
In August 2020, the STF confirmed the claim of non-compliance and ordered the halting of violent police operations. Yet, police operations continued in certain favelas. In April 2021, Supreme Court Justice Edson Fachin ruled in favor of requests in the motions and in June 2021, the STF issued an emergency restraining order on the police.
In short, it is proposed that the State of Rio de Janeiro prepare and submit to the STF, within a maximum period of 90 (ninety) days, a plan aimed at reducing police lethality and controlling human rights violations by the security forces in Rio de Janeiro, which contains objective measures, specific timetables and forecast of the necessary resources for its implementation. In addition, ADPF 635 addresses the following topics: end of the use of helicopters in police operations, protection of schools, guarantee of the right to participation and social control in public security policies, allowing participation and access to justice, expertise, and evidence to civil society and social movements as one of the main tools in resolving investigations into cases of murder and enforced disappearances.
ADPF 635 – Public Ministry of the State of Rio de Janeiro
Enforcing the 'ADPF of the Favelas' has, however, proven difficult after the STF ruling. Civil and military police made what many deem as reprisal killings in several districts to show they don't answer to the courts. Prosecutors have also been overruling Access to Information laws and making police records inaccessible to the public. For a deeper look into ADPF 635, see RioOnWatch's two part installment: 1, 2.
Meideiros lives in Complexo do Alemão, Rio de Janeiro, which has seen its share of military and police occupations and terror. Three months before STF ordered the suspension of police operations, 13 people were killed by police in one operation in Complexo do Alemão.
Just 15 minutes away from Alemão is Jacarezinho, Rio de Janeiro. On May 6, 2021, authorities committed the deadliest massacre in Brazilian history, killing 28 people during a failed police operation targeting drug traffickers in the favela. One officer died during the operation that lasted nearly seven hours with many of the 28 deaths occurring execution style.
The police denied wrongdoing, saying there were no irregularities or excesses of abuse. The operation had the initial objective of arresting 21 people under investigation, and led to the death of 28, not all of whom had arrest warrants. Three were arrested in total. This initially led to many organizations and even governmental agencies coming out in defense of the dead and the residents before falling silent with the fear of possible retaliation looming.
Over time, the "massacre" of Jacarezinho has fallen into national oblivion. Despite the murderous raid being so recent, there are almost no media discussions or local or national conversation about the operation anymore. This can likely be attributed to the fact that many peripheral Brazilians (those living in the favelas and peripheries of inner cities) have become desensitized to this type of violence. Decades of military occupations and urban pacification by armed authorities in Brazil have caused widespread cognitive dissonance and mental trauma.
"In no country in the world would the 28 deaths in one police intervention have been accepted and forgotten. But, we are in Brazil and here everything ends up in samba and/or pizza.
Anonymous Brazilian
Beyond Rio de Janeiro, there were over 5,000 more people killed by police throughout the country last year, including 814 killed in São Paulo. In lower-income territories, police abusing their authority is common and mistrust occurs between them and the community they serve.
Police occupies the Lins de Vasconcelos favela in northern Rio de Janeiro – photo via Gustavo Oliveira/Creative Commons
Due to continuing police killings, many states are taking steps in attempts to reduce the number of deaths. A total of 18 police battalions in the state of São Paulo now have body cameras. This has resulted in a 53% reduction in the amount of police killings in the state and in June 2021 no one was killed by officers outfitted with cameras. Yet, military police not outfitted with cameras killed 22 that month.
Even with the new measures starting to be enacted to quell police terror throughout the country, already 6,160 people in Brazil have been killed as of September 7, 2021; pacing the country for another record-setting year of police killings.
Cover image by Gustavo Oliveira/Creative Commons. Translation of Portuguese to English by Jules Rey.
Unicorn Riot's Coverage From Brazil:
More from Unicorn Riot 🦄


text:
Many European languages conjugate their verbs, thus:
You are | Thou art
The form of the verb changes, depending on the person. In some languages (Latin and Polish, to my knowledge), the verb form is completely different for each person, which means that the actual pronoun can be omitted. (I believe it can be reinserted for emphasis.) English can't do that. For regular verbs, only the third person singular has a distinct form. We always use pronouns (except when we don't).
However, in King Lear, at one point Lear turns to his Fool and asks him, "Art cold?" This would not be possible in current English, as the pronoun thou has all but vanished. Was it possible in actual speech in Shakespeare's time, or could it exist in the play only as a poetic flourish?


Backtrack:

by lunarg on January 29th 2016, at 10:24
When a new user logs on to a computer and they start Adobe Acrobat Standard/Pro for the first time, they will be prompted with a registration window. This may not be something you want for your users, especially not on RDS. Up until version 9, this prompt could be turned off through a registry setting, but this no longer works.
You can however also turn off the registration window through another way, during installation. Unfortunately, this requires you to uninstall and reinstall the software but the result does work perfectly.
 1. If Acrobat is already installed, uninstall it first.
 2. Open a command prompt and navigate to the installation media (or folder).
 3. Perform the installation by using msiexec, rather than setup.exe and manually add some parameters:
 msiexec /i AcroStan.msi EULA_ACCEPT=YES REGISTRATION_SUPPRESS=YES /n
 The MSI file referenced is for Acrobat Standard. Substitute the name if you're using Pro.
Note that this will install Acrobat with the default language settings. If you want to use another installer language, you will have to add an additional parameter, pointing to the correct language file (i.e. Transform file). Usually the files are in the same folder, and have the name of the numerical language identifier (click link for reference). For example, for English (US), this would be 1033.mst.
Determine the correct language identifier, then run the installer with the TRANSFORMS parameter in addition to the other parameters:
msiexec /i AcroStan.msi EULA_ACCEPT=YES REGISTRATION_SUPPRESS=YES TRANSFORMS=1033.mst /n
The command above would install the English (US) version of Acrobat Standard. Again, substitute where appropiate.
E.g. for Dutch, it would be TRANSFORMS=1043.mst.

« June 2019»
SunMonTueWedThuFriSat
 1
_PHONE_
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
30

Links

Quote
« Smith & Wesson - the original point and click interface »


text:
The Project CHIP alliance's goal is to create a smart home standard that is interoperable.
Around the end of this year, the first Project CHIP approved smart home devices should be available on the market. Project CHIP is a collaboration between Amazon, Apple, Google, and 180 other companies to create a shared smart home standard.
The aim of the collaboration is to standardize and validate that all smart home devices are interoperable and compatible.
What exactly is Project CHIP?
In a nutshell, the Project CHIP (or Project Connected Home over IP) standard is made up of three technologies. The first is Bluetooth Low-Energy for device setup.
For high-bandwidth applications, CHIP requires that devices use Wi-Fi. Consider continuous video feeds from a security camera, or streaming between a phone and a Chromecast.
The Thread mesh network protocol is perhaps the most critical component. Low-bandwidth devices, such as sensors, can now communicate with one another. This is made possible by ensuring the Thread is consistent with all computers.
For customers, another advantage is that Project CHIP systems can work with all major voice assistants. While this has become more normal in recent years anyway, it would be good to not have to worry about it anymore.
Compatibility on Arrival
Anyone interested in smart home devices should be excited about Project CHIP's potential. Over the last few years, the area has expanded dramatically. More compatibility between devices on the market, on the other hand, would result in renewed development.
As Project CHIP devices begin to roll out later this year, consumers can look for smart lighting, TVs, door locks, security systems, and thermostats. Thankfully, it seems that this will occur only in time for the holiday shopping season.
CHIP will begin certifying smart home devices in late 2021
Project CHIP will begin device certification in late 2021, according to an announcement made at a Zigbee Alliance event. This means the first Project CHIP-compatible smart home devices should be available during the holidays.
TVs, smart home controllers, lamps, blinds, HVACs, security systems, Wi-Fi routers, door locks, and other devices will be among the first CHIP-compatible devices, according to reports.
Manufacturers may also add CHIP support to older smart home devices through a firmware update or a bridge, but this will rely on a number of factors.
Bluetooth LE will be used for configuration, Wi-Fi for high-bandwidth devices such as surveillance cameras, and Thread for low-bandwidth devices in the CHIP standard.
CHIP was established to create a royalty-free smart home standard
There are currently multiple smart home standards and protocols, which confuses both OEMs and consumers. Manufacturers struggle to ensure that their products are compatible with other smart home devices, which is easier said than done.
The aim of this partnership is to create and improve a smart home standard that allows for application layer interoperability between different devices. In the end, this will result in a smart home that simply works, with different smart home products in your home communicating with one another.
For the time being, several questions about CHIP remain unanswered. What role will voice assistants play in CHIP devices? Would you have to download a new app each time you connect a CHIP-compatible smart home device? These reservations will be dispelled only after CHIP devices have been approved and released to the market.


Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying or QPSK is a sibling of the Phase-Shift Keying or PSK family.
QPSK is a form of modulation in which the carrier signal is sent in four phases, 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°. The change between one phase and the next encodes 2 bits per symbol. With a total of 4 symbols at a 90° seperation, this allows for 8 bits per signal.
QPSK is seen as providing the best error rate in the presence of radio noise. It's most common in IEEE 802.11b wireless equipment and satellite equipment.


text:
In giant Google Cloud environments, Shared VPC is a really scalable community design that lets a company join sources from a number of initiatives to a typical Digital Non-public Cloud (VPC) community, in order that they will talk with one another securely and effectively utilizing inside IPs. Usually shared by many software groups, a central crew (or platform crew) usually manages the Shared VPC's networking configuration whereas software groups use the community sources to create functions in their very own service initiatives.
In some circumstances, software groups wish to handle their very own DNS information (e.g., to create new DNS information to reveal companies, replace current information…). There's an answer to assist fine-grained IAM insurance policies utilizing Cloud DNS peering. On this article, we discover learn how to use it to offer your software groups autonomy over their DNS information, whereas making certain that the central networking crew maintains fine-grained management over all the atmosphere.
Understanding the Cloud DNS peering resolution
Think about that you simply, as an software crew (service undertaking) proprietor, need to have the ability to handle your individual software (service undertaking) DNS information with out impacting different groups or functions. DNS peering is a sort of zone in Cloud DNS that permits you to ship DNS requests from a particular sub-domain to a different Cloud DNS zone configured in one other VPC—and it permits you to do exactly that!
Cloud DNS peering is to not be confused with VPC peering, and it doesn't require you to configure any communication between the supply and vacation spot VPC. All of the DNS flows are managed straight within the Cloud DNS backend: every VPC talks to Cloud DNS and Cloud DNS can redirect the queries from one VPC to the opposite.
So, how does DNS peering enable software groups to handle their very own DNS information? Through the use of DNS peering between a Shared VPC and different Cloud DNS zones which are managed by the applying groups.
For every software crew that should handle its personal DNS information, you present them with:
Their very own personal DNS subdomain (for instance <applicationteam>.<env>.<buyer>.gcp.com)
Their very own Cloud DNS zone(s) in a devoted undertaking, plus a standalone VPC with full IAM permissions
You may then configure DNS peering for the precise DNS subdomain to their devoted Cloud DNS zone. On this VPC, software groups have Cloud DNS IAM permissions solely on their very own Cloud DNS occasion and may handle solely their DNS information.
The central crew, in the meantime, manages the DNS peering and decides which Cloud DNS occasion is authoritative for which subdomain, thus permitting software groups to solely handle their very own subdomain.
By default, all VMs within the Shared VPC use Cloud DNS within the Shared VPC as their native resolver. This Cloud DNS occasion solutions for all DNS information within the Shared VPC, makes use of DNS peering to the applying groups' Cloud DNS situations and VPC peering or forwarding to on-prem for on-prem information.
As detailed above, the circulation is the next:
A VM in any undertaking of the Shared VPC makes use of Cloud DNS as its native DNS resolver.
This VM tries to resolve app1.team-b.gcp.com, which is a DNS file owned by crew B that exposes a neighborhood software (a Compute Engine occasion or a Cloud Load Balancer).
This VM sends the DNS request to the Shared VPC Cloud DNS. This Cloud DNS is configured with DNS peering that sends every little thing below the "team-b.gcp.com" subdomain to Cloud DNS within the DNS undertaking for crew B.
Workforce B is ready to handle its personal DNS information, however solely in its devoted DNS undertaking. It has a non-public zone there for "*.team-b.gcp.com" and an A file for "app1.team-b.gcp.com" that resolves to "10.128.0.10".
When the VM receives its DNS reply, it tries to achieve 10.128.0.10 utilizing the VPC routing desk. If the corresponding firewall guidelines are open, the request is profitable!
Are you interested by attempting out this resolution for your self? You could find an end-to end-example in Terraform, which provisions the next structure:
This Terraform code ought to assist you to get began shortly and might be reused to combine this design into your Infrastructure as Code deployment.
Within the above instance, we used a standalone undertaking devoted to DNS per software crew.
You can even use the applying crew's service undertaking by creating a neighborhood VPC within the software undertaking and configuring DNS peering to this native DNS undertaking.
The tradeoffs are the next:
Safety and autonomy
Many organizations want the safety and centralized management that Shared VPC supplies. However with this structure primarily based on Cloud DNS peering, you can even grant software groups the autonomy they should preserve their very own DNS information—liberating the central networking crew from that burden! For extra on managing complicated networking environments, take a look at this doc on DNS best practices.


Download PDFOpen PDF in browser
Create List of Stopwords and Typing Error by TF-IDF Weight Value
EasyChair Preprint no. 1410
4 pagesDate: August 24, 2019
On these days, development of SNS generate huge text data. It is most important things to remove the meaningless words, stopwords and typing error to analyse text data. In English, it grew rapidly to create stopwords dictionary. However, there are few researchs in Korea for Korean language. In this research, we suggest way to firter stopwords and typing errors out by words importance with TF-IDF algorithm. First, calculate TF-IDF value from collected data. Second, decide criteria to separate to two groups by TF-IDF value and transform to n*2 matrix. Third, calculate accumulative frequency of TF-IDF weight. In this way, new accumulative frequency is gotten without stopwords and typing error. Furthermore, this method can be used in both language : Korean and English. without creating stopwords dictionary.
Keyphrases: Preprocessing, Stopwords, text mining, TF-IDF
BibTeX entry
 author = {Woo-Seok Choi and Ki-Cheol Yoo and Sang-Hyun Choi},
 title = {Create List of Stopwords and Typing Error by TF-IDF Weight Value},
 howpublished = {EasyChair Preprint no. 1410},
 year = {EasyChair, 2019}}
Download PDFOpen PDF in browser


_USER_ {jopera:2008:icac, title = {Automatic Configuration of an Autonomic Controller: An Experimental Study with Zero-Configuration Policies}, booktitle = {5th International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 2008)}, year = {2008}, month = {June}, pages = {67-76}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, abstract = {Autonomic control managers can remove the need for manual system configuration in order to achieve good performance and efficient resource utilization. However, simple controllers based on reconfiguration actions tied to thresholds, or {\textquoteright}if-then{\textquoteright} rules, themselves need to be configured and tuned in order to adapt the controller behavior to the expected workload characteristic. In this paper we present an experimental study of zero-configuration policies that can be automatically tuned based on analytical models of the system under control. In particular, we have designed and implemented a threshold-free self-configuration policy for a distributed workflow execution engine and compared it with a standard PID controller. The experimental results included in the paper show that using such a policy the controller can tune itself in addition to reconfiguring the distributed engine and the proposed policy out-performs simpler policies that require manual and error-prone tuning of their parameters.}, keywords = {analytical models, automatic configuration, automatic control, autonomic controller, control system synthesis, distributed workflow execution engine, PID control, resource management, resource utilization, workload characteristic, zero-configuration policies}, doi = {10.1109/ICAC.2008.29}, author = {Thomas Heinis and Cesare Pautasso} }


text:
La proyección de imagen a partir de Soft Power, mediante Nation Branding y Diplomacia Pública en el caso de Japón, durante el periodo 2002 – 2010
Espinosa Méndez, Andrés Marcel
In the present context of globalization and the information age, more states seek to project a favorable image to attract international attention and build a reputation that can facilitate the achievement of foreign policy goals and the stimulation of economic development. States position themselves in the international system through new strategies which include diplomatic, political and economic components, as well as commercial and cultural ones. In the case of Japan nation branding and public diplomacy have been two of the main strategies to achieve international repositioning. This has been done by emphasizing attractive features such as cultural traditions, tourism and business incentives, and also by creating partnerships between national government, private sector and civil society as a step towards the building of partnerships with foreign government and societies.


ps, you can reindex the series to fill in the missing periods.
ts_index = pd.date_range('2024-01-01′, periods=6, freq='D')
ts_data = pd.Series([1, None, None, 2, 3, 4], index=ts_index)
# Reindexing with a complete date range
complete_index = pd.date_range('2024-01-01', '2024-01-06')
ts_data = ts_data.reindex(complete_index)
print(ts_data)
Example 74: Concatenating DataFrames with Different Columns
Concatenate two DataFrames that have different sets of columns.
df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2], 'B': [3, 4]})
df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [5, 6], 'C': [7, 8]})
df_combined = pd.concat([df1, df2]).fillna(0)
print(df_combined)
Example 75: Dropping Columns with a High Percentage of Missing Values
Drop columns from a DataFrame that have a high percentage of missing values.
df = pd.DataFrame({
'A': [1, 2, np.nan, 4],
'B': [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan],
'C': [1, 2, 3, 4]
})
threshold = 0.75 # 75% missing values
df = df.dropna(thresh=len(df) * (1 – threshold), axis=1)
print(df)
Example 76: Mapping External Data to a DataFrame
Use a mapping from external data to add a new column to a DataFrame.
mapping = {1: 'apple', 2: 'banana', 3: 'cherry'}
df = pd.DataFrame({'Numbers': [1, 2, 1, 3]})
df['Fruits'] = df['Numbers'].map(mapping)
print(df)
Example 77: Calculating Rolling Averages in Time Series
Calculate rolling averages to smooth out time series data.
ts_df = pd.DataFrame({
'Dates': pd.date_range(start='2024-01-01′, periods=5, freq='D'),
'Values': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
})
ts_df['Rolling_Mean'] = ts_df['Values'].rolling(window=3).mean()
print(ts_df)
Example 78: Filling Missing Values with Predictive Imputation
Predict missing values based on other columns, using a simple linear model for demonstration.
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
df = pd.DataFrame({
'A': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
'B': [2, np.nan, 6, 8, 10]
})
model = LinearRegression()
X = df.loc[df['B'].notna(), ['A']]
y = df.loc[df['B'].notna(), 'B']
model.fit(X, y)
# Predicting the missing 'B' values
df.loc[df['B'].isna(), 'B'] = model.predict(df.loc[df['B'].isna(), ['A']])
print(df)
Example 79: Unstacking Data for Wider Format
Convert index levels to columns to create a wider format DataFrame from a multi-index series.
df = pd.DataFrame({
'Year': [2024, 2024, 2025, 2025],
'Month': [1, 2, 1, 2],
'Value': [100, 200, 300, 400]
})
df.set_index(['Year', 'Month']).unstack().fillna(0)
print(df)
Example 80: Cleaning and Extracting Numeric Data from Strings
Extract numeric data embedded in string data, which is common in real-world datasets.
df = pd.DataFrame({
'Raw_Data': ['123 kg', '456 lbs', '789 kg', 'no data']
})
df['Weight'] = df['Raw_Data'].str.extract('(\d+)').astype(float).fillna(0)
Example 81: Standardizing Numeric Data with Z-Scores
Standardizing data involves scaling the features so they have the properties of a standard normal distribution with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.
import pandas as pd
from scipy.stats import zscore
df = pd.DataFrame({
'Scores': [90, 82, 70, 98, 95, 85]
})
df['Z_Scores'] = zscore(df['Scores'])
print(df)
Example 82: Stripping Whitespace from All String Columns
Automatically trim whitespace from all string columns in a DataFrame, which is useful for cleaning up textual data.
df = pd.DataFrame({
'Name': [' Alice ', 'Bob ', ' Charlie'],
'City': [' New York', 'Los Angeles ', 'San Francisco ']
})
df = df.applymap(lambda x: x.strip() if isinstance(x, str) else x)
print(df)
Example 83: Merging DataFrames on Multiple Keys
Merge two DataFrames based on more than one column to ensure precise data integration.
df1 = pd.DataFrame({
'First Name': ['John', 'Jane', 'Alice'],
'Last Name': ['Doe', 'Doe', 'Smith'],
'Age': [28, 34, 24]
})
df2 = pd.DataFrame({
'First Name': ['John', 'Jane', 'Alice'],
'Last Name': ['Doe', 'Doe', 'Smith'],
'Profession': ['Engineer', 'Doctor', 'Artist']
})
df_merged = pd.merge(df1, df2, on=['First Name', 'Last Name'])
print(df_merged)
Example 84: Converting Data Types in Bulk
Convert multiple columns to different data types efficiently, which is common after data importation.
df = pd.DataFrame({
'A': ['1', '2', '3'],
'B': ['4', '5', '6'],
'C': ['7.1', '8.2', '9.3']
})
convert_dict = {'A': int, 'B': float, 'C': float}
df = df.astype(convert_dict)
print(df.dtypes)
Example 85: Filtering Data Using Regular Expressions
Use regular expressions to filter rows based on complex patterns in textual data.
df = pd.DataFrame({
'Email': ['[email protected]', '[email protected]', '[email protected]']
})
# Filter emails not containing 'example'
df_filtered = df[df['Email'].str.contains('example', regex=True)]
print(df_filtered)
Example 86: Filling Missing Values in a Categorical Series
Fill missing values in categorical data using the mode (the most frequent value).
df = pd.DataFrame({
'Favorite Color': ['Blue', 'Red', 'Green', 'Blue', None]
})
df['Favorite Color'].fillna(df['Favorite Color'].mode()[0], inplace=True)
print(df)
Example 87: Creating Indicator Variables for Missing Data
Create binary indicator variables that denote whether a value was missing in the original dataset.
df = pd.DataFrame({
'Income': [55000, 48000, None, 53000]
})
df['Income_Missing'] = df['Income'].isnull().astype(int)
print(df)
Example 88: Splitting and Expanding a DataFrame from One Column
Split a single string column into multiple columns and expand the DataFrame accordingly.
df = pd.DataFrame({
'Data': ['John|28|Engineer', 'Jane|34|Doctor', 'Alice|24|Artist']
})
df[['Name', 'Age', 'Profession']] = df[


text:
Ngai Tūhoe's tribal headquarters, Te Kura Whare, is New Zealand's first Living Building – and one of only 15 certified Living Buildings in the world.
A momentous and proud moment, the building's success was announced by the International Living Future Institute's (ILFI) CEO Amanda Sturgeon, at their annual conference in Seattle on Friday 19 May 2017.
Te Kura Whare is designed to the most challenging sustainable building criteria in the world. Generating its own electricity, harvesting rainwater, built from trees sourced from the forests around it, and containing no toxic chemicals – every element of the building from design and construction, to on-going operation, aims to minimise its impact on, and even restore, the natural ecosystem.
The benefit of this Certification is that it quantifies Te Kura Whare's environmental, social and economic benefit to the wider society. To become a Living Building, Te Kura Whare's performance has been audited over the last 12 months. The data demonstrates that the building is 'off the grid' (net zero) for energy, water, waste and toxicity. As well as this, the Criteria requires evidence of the building's broader impacts on equity, health and beauty.
The project contributed to local economy and tourism with 70% of budget spent within 100km radius of the site, trade packages were broken down to allow local businesses to tender for work competitively, and local Tūhoe people were employed, and in some cases upskilled, in construction and landscaping.
For Jasmax, a rich layer to Te Kura Whare's story is the people behind it. The design and construction team was an eclectic mix of professionals; Māori and non-Māori, Tūhoe and non-Tūhoe, aged 24-84, both immigrants and kiwis, born and raised in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Part of this team was lead architect, Ivan Mercep, Jasmax co-founder, Principal and kaumatua. Ivan worked on the project until he was 84, passing away shortly before completion. This was Ivan's final project, and one which he delivered alongside Ngāi Tῡhoe and Jasmax Architectural Graduate, Brendan Himona.
Certification celebrates the commitment, effort and dedication of every single project, consultant and contractor team member – congratulations to all!


Copyright 2022 - BV TallVision IT
Some examples of the functionality of event PROCESS AFTER INPUT, also the statements MODULE, FIELD and CHAIN are covered.
 - checking entered field values (calling error messages, start calculations, search in the database whether the entered value does actually exist, ...)
 - catching menu actions, and starting related functions
 - processing data entered
The system variable SY-DATAR indicates whether something has been changed in the fields contents of the screen. This could be useful in the program, e.g. to determine if it's necessary to save the transaction data. Checking single fields can be done with the .. ON REQUEST option of FIELD .. MODULE ..
Example: An example of PAI implementation
The system variable SY-DATAR indicates whether something has been changed in the fields contents of the screen. This could be useful in the program, e.g. to determine if it's necessary to save the transaction data. Checking single fields can be done with the .. ON REQUEST option of FIELD .. MODULE ..
 *---------------------------------------
 * MODULE: CHANGE_CHECKER INPUT.
 *---------------------------------------
 * Checking if anything (any field) was
 * changed in the screen
 *---------------------------------------
 MODULE CHANGE_CHECKER INPUT.

 IF SY-DATAR EQ 'X'. "Flag : input recieved ?
 ANYTHING_CHANGED = 'X'.
 ENDIF.

 ENDMODULE.
A very important PAI module: catching the end users MENU_RESPONS:
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * MODULE: D1310_MENU_RESPONS
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Responding to the end users menu-action
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 MODULE D1310_MENU_RESPONS INPUT.
 OK-COPY = OK-CODE. "Good trick to prevent a ...
 CLEAR OK-CODE. " repeating action selection
 CASE OK-COPY.
 WHEN SPACE. "Special actions on empty OK-CODE ?
 WHEN 'QUIT'. "Quit (connected to F12 in menu painter)
 LEAVE TO SCREEN 900. "Go to DYNPRO 900
 WHEN 'HNDL'. "Perform: HANDLE_IT
 PERFORM HANDLE_IT.
 ENDCASE.

 ENDMODULE.
Note: the OK-CODE should always be cleared to make sure the choosen action won't be repeated in the currently active screen, or initiate another function in a follow up-screen.

The MODULE statement
Modules are the ABAP routines that can be called in the DYNPRO flow logic. They are built like any other FORM-routine, except the use of USING and CHANGING (and TABLES) is not possible. Some guidelines:
 - A module starts with MODULE <name> OUTPUT or MODULE <name> INPUT. PBO modules are indicated with OUTPUT (before), PAI modules by INPUT(after).
 - The end of a module: ENDMODULE
 - All ABAP statements are valid for modules
 - (Thus) FORM routines can be called from modules.
Throwing an error MESSAGE from a MODULE
The flow logic can indicate that a certain field entry is not accepted. This is done from the ABAP that calls a MODULE. Method: The ABAP initiates an ERROR message with the MESSAGE statement, for example MESSAGE E999 WITH 'You did wrong, don''t do that again'. The DYNPRO's behaviour can be controlled with this statement.
The FIELD statement
An important part of the screen is a of course a field. When processing from ABAP it is possible to check a field's contents. If a MODULE is created to check the field, this MODULE can be linked to the field in the DYNPRO with the statement FIELDin the flow logic of a DYNPRO. Syntax:
FIELD TABNAME-FIELDNAME MODULE D1310_FIELDNAME.
If MODULE D1100_KUNNR initiates an E-message, the end-user can correct the contents so that the error is solved. But there's more to the FIELDstatement, check out the on-line help system for the other options.
An example of a field check, try it out and watch what happens with the screen when the value '123' is entered for TABNAME-FIELDNAME.
*-------------------------------------
* MODULE: D1310_FIELDNAME INPUT.
*-------------------------------------
* Check: the value of FIELDNAME from
* table TABNAME may not equal '123'.
*-------------------------------------
MODULE D1310_FIELDNAME INPUT.
 IF TABNAME-FIELDNAME EQ '123'.
 MESSAGE E999.
 ENDIF.
ENDMODULE.
The CHAIN statement
With the statements CHAIN and ENDCHAIN in the flow logic of a DYNPRO, fields can be grouped together. In practice is possible that not just one field but a combination of fields lead to an error. E.g. if a header and position are the input fields, the values entered could be a legal header and a legal position. But the combination could be wrong. If a MODULE within a CHAIN .. ENDCHAIN kicks off an E-message, the end-user can adjust all the fields within the CHAINto solve the problem.
An example of PBO PAI implementation with FIELD and CHAINimplemented.
*-------------------------------------
PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
*-------------------------------------
 MODULE D1310_INIT. "Called before screen-display
 *-------------------------------------
 PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
 *-------------------------------------
 * The fields within the chain will be regarded as one
 CHAIN.
 FIELD MATNR_FROM MODULE D1310_MATNR_FROM.
 FIELD MATNR_TO MODULE D1310_MATNR_TO.
 FIELD ZTRM-TRMSRT MODULE D1310_TRMSRT.
 ENDCHAIN.
 MODULE D1310_CALCULATION. "Calculate stuff
 MODULE D1310_MENU_RESPONS."Catch the end user's action


text:
Main Article Content
Galangin is one of several naturally-occuring flavonols, which is a member of flavonoid family. It is important constituents of normal human diet and also has various pharmacological properties. However, in vivo toxicity test of galangin have not been studied. Thus, the purpose of this research was to investigate the toxicity of galangin alone and in combination with ceftazidime antibiotic in vivo. The mice were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) with galangin alone at 10 and 20 mg/kg BW/day (group1 and group 2 respectively), galangin in combination with ceftazidime at 10 mg/kg BW/day galangin plus 160 mg/kg BW/day ceftazidime (group3), and 20 mg/kg BW/day galangin plus 320 mg/kg BW/day ceftazidime (group4), twice daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiments, blood and the selected main organs were collected for haematological and histological analysis. There was no significant difference in either the growth rate of total body weight or the relative weight of the selected main body organs of mice treated with all doses of galangin alone or in combination with ceftazidime, when compared with the control. The histology of all the liver, spleen, heart, kidney and stomach exhibited a normal appearance in comparison with the control. The blood chemistry marker assayed showed no significant difference (p<0.05) in all treated groups except for the decrease in haematocrit level which were significantly difference (p<0.05) in all treated groups.


text:
- The race is 67 kilometres long
- Average width of 15 metres
- Average depth of 3 metres
- Average water speed of 0.8m/sec
The canal diverts water from the Rangitata River at Klondyke, across the Mid Canterbury Plains, to irrigate about 64, 000 hectares of farmland. A second intake is at the South Ashburton River. The race supplies water to the irrigation schemes of Mayfield Hinds, Valetta and Ashburton Lyndhurst and to the hydro electric power stations at Montalto and Highbank.
The RDR was built during the depression to give badly needed work for the unemployed. The RDR was the nation's first major river diversion and opened in 1945. Construction began in 1937 initially by pick and shovel. Major control structures built along the race include the Rangitata intake and sandtrap, checkgates, spillways and siphons passing under rivers and streams which cross the race. The RDR's design was completed in 1982 with the addition of Montalto.
The RDR's affordable water shows the foresight of the people who built the scheme and the good fortune of today's shareholders who benefit from paying for the water only.


text:
CISAC - Publications Page
This article presents a method developed to assess laser Directed Energy Weapon engagements. This method applies physics-based models, which have been validated by experiments. It is used to assess the capabilities of the Airborne Laser (ABL), a system for boost phase missile defense purposes, which is in development under supervision of the U.S. missile defense agency. Implications for international security are presented.


text:
27 Additional financing for Scottish Development Agency.S
In paragraph 2 of Schedule 2 to the M1Scottish Development Agency Act 1975 (payments to the Agency out of money provided by Parliament), at the end of sub-paragraph (a) but before the word "and" there shall be inserted the following sub-paragraph—
"(aa)in respect of payments by them under sub-paragraph (3A) of paragraph 1 above in reduction of the public dividend capital or repayments by them under sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 4 below,".
Annotations are used to give authority for changes and other effects on the legislation you are viewing and to convey editorial information. They appear at the foot of the relevant provision or under the associated heading. Annotations are categorised by annotation type, such as F-notes for textual amendments and I-notes for commencement information (a full list can be found in the Editorial Practice Guide). Each annotation is identified by a sequential reference number. For F-notes, M-notes and X-notes, the number also appears in bold superscript at the relevant location in the text. All annotations contain links to the affecting legislation.


text: This volume comprises research papers presented at the International Conference on Informatics and Communication Technologies for Societal Development (ICICTS 2014) held at Karunya University, India. The content focuses on the recent advancements in image or signal processing, computer vision, communication technologies, soft computing, advanced computing, data mining, and knowledge discovery. The primary objective of this volume is to facilitate advancement and application of the knowledge and to promote ideas that solve problems faced by society through cutting-edge technologies. The chapters contain selected articles from academicians, researchers, and industry experts in the form of frameworks, models, and architectures. Practical approaches, observations, and results of research that promotes societal development are also incorporated. This volume will serve as a useful compendium for interested readers and researchers working towards societal development from the technological perspective.


\mathcal D} \mu(s) = \frac{1}{\zeta(s)}}, {{\mathcal D} \lambda(s) = \frac{\zeta(2s)}{\zeta(s)}} that extend meromorphically into the critical strip. In contrast, the Matomaki-Radziwill theorem does not rely on such meromorphic continuations, and in fact holds for more general classes of {1}-bounded multiplicative functions {f}, for which one typically does not expect any meromorphic continuation into the strip. Instead, one can view the Matomaki-Radziwill theory as following the philosophy of a slightly different approach to multiplicative number theory, namely the pretentious multiplicative number theory of Granville and Soundarajan (as presented for instance in their draft monograph). A basic notion here is the pretentious distance between two {1}-bounded multiplicative functions {f,g} (at a given scale {X}), which informally measures the extent to which {f} "pretends" to be like {g} (or vice versa). The precise definition is
Definition 5 (Pretentious distance) Given two {1}-bounded multiplicative functions {f,g}, and a threshold {X>0}, the pretentious distance {\mathbb{D}(f,g;X)} between {f} and {g} up to scale {X} is given by the formula
\displaystyle \mathbb{D}(f,g;X) := \left( \sum_{p \leq X} \frac{1 - \mathrm{Re}(f(p) \overline{g(p)})}{p} \right)^{1/2}
Note that one can also define an infinite version {\mathbb{D}(f,g;\infty)} of this distance by removing the constraint {p \leq X}, though in such cases the pretentious distance may then be infinite. The pretentious distance is not quite a metric (because {\mathbb{D}(f,f;X)} can be non-zero, and furthermore {\mathbb{D}(f,g;X)} can vanish without {f,g} being equal), but it is still quite close to behaving like a metric, in particular it obeys the triangle inequality; see Exercise 16 below. The philosophy of pretentious multiplicative number theory is that two {1}-bounded multiplicative functions {f,g} will exhibit similar behaviour at scale {X} if their pretentious distance {\mathbb{D}(f,g;X)} is bounded, but will become uncorrelated from each other if this distance becomes large. A simple example of this philosophy is given by the following "weak Halasz theorem", proven in Section 2:
Proposition 6 (Logarithmically averaged version of Halasz) Let {X} be sufficiently large. Then for any {1}-bounded multiplicative functions {f,g}, one has
\displaystyle \frac{1}{\log X} \sum_{n \leq X} \frac{f(n) \overline{g(n)}}{n} \ll \exp( - c \mathbb{D}(f, g;X)^2 )
for an absolute constant {c>0}.
In particular, if {f} does not pretend to be {1}, then the logarithmic average {\frac{1}{\log X} \sum_{n \leq X} \frac{f(n)}{n}} will be small. This condition is basically necessary, since of course {\frac{1}{\log X} \sum_{n \leq X} \frac{1}{n} = 1 + o(1)}.
If one works with non-logarithmic averages {\frac{1}{X} \sum_{n \leq X} f(n)}, then not pretending to be {1} is insufficient to establish decay, as was already observed in Exercise 11 of Notes 1: if {f} is an Archimedean character {f(n) = n^{it}} for some non-zero real {t}, then {\frac{1}{\log X} \sum_{n \leq X} \frac{f(n)}{n}} goes to zero as {X \rightarrow \infty} (which is consistent with Proposition 6), but {\frac{1}{X} \sum_{n \leq X} f(n)} does not go to zero. However, this is in some sense the "only" obstruction to these averages decaying to zero, as quantified by the following basic result:
Theorem 7 (Halasz's theorem) Let {X} be sufficiently large. Then for any {1}-bounded multiplicative function {f}, one has
\displaystyle \frac{1}{X} \sum_{n \leq X} f(n) \ll \exp( - c \min_{|t| \leq T} \mathbb{D}(f, n \mapsto n^{it};X)^2 ) + \frac{1}{T}
for an absolute constant {c>0} and any {T > 0}.
Informally, we refer to a {1}-bounded multiplicative function as "pretentious'; if it pretends to be a character such as {n^{it}}, and "non-pretentious" otherwise. The precise distinction is rather malleable, as the precise class of characters that one views as "obstructions" varies from situation to situation. For instance, in Proposition 6 it is just the trivial character {1} which needs to be considered, but in Theorem 7 it is the characters {n \mapsto n^{it}} with {|t| \leq T}. In other contexts one may also need to add Dirichlet characters {\chi(n)} or hybrid characters such as {\chi(n) n^{it}} to the list of characters that one might pretend to be. The division into pretentious and non-pretentious functions in multiplicative number theory is faintly analogous to the division into major and minor arcs in the circle method applied to additive number theory problems; see Notes 8. The Möbius and Liouville functions are model examples of non-pretentious functions; see Exercise 24.
In the contrapositive, Halasz' theorem can be formulated as the assertion that if one has a large mean
\displaystyle |\frac{1}{X} \sum_{n \leq X} f(n)| \geq \eta
for some {\eta > 0}, then one has the pretentious property
\displaystyle \mathbb{D}( f, n \mapsto n^{it}; X ) \ll \sqrt{\log(1/\eta)}
for some {t \ll \eta^{-1}}. This has the flavour of an "inverse theorem", of the type often found in arithmetic combinatorics.
Among other things, Halasz's theorem gives yet another proof of the prime number theorem (1); see Section 2.
We now give a version of the Matomaki-Radziwill theorem for general (non-pretentious) multiplicative functions that is formulated in a similar contrapositive (or "inverse theorem") fashion, though to simplify the presentation we only state a qualitative version that does not give explicit bounds.
Theorem 8 ((Qualitative) Matomaki-Radziwill theorem) Let {\eta>0}, and let {1 \leq H \leq X}, with {H} sufficiently large depending on {\eta}. Suppose that {f} is a {1}-bounded multiplicative function such that
\displaystyle \frac{1}{X} \int_X^{2X} |\frac{1}{H} \sum_{x \leq n \leq x+H} f(n)|^2\ dx \geq \eta^2.
Then one has
\displaystyle \mathbb{D}(f, n \mapsto n^{it};X) \ll_\eta 1
for some {t \ll_\eta \frac{X}{H}}.
The condition {t \ll_\eta \frac{X}{H}} is basically optimal, as the following example shows:
Exercise 9 Let {\varepsilon>0} be a sufficiently small constant, and let {1 \leq H \leq X} be such that {\frac{1}{\varepsilon} \leq H \leq \varep


10 gram wortelen per dag verlaagt waarschijnlijk prostaatkanker
Research Question:
Previous studies into the relationship between eating carrots and let the risk of getting prostate cancer see inconsistent results. It was therefore carried out this review article.
Eating carrots lowers the chances of getting prostate cancer?
Study Design:
This overview article contained cohort studies.
There was no publication bias (Begg's funnel plot (p = 1,000) and Egger test (p = 0.804)).
Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that eating carrots significantly the chance of getting prostate cancer by 18% [OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70-0.97] reduced.
The researchers found that eating 1 serving of carrots a week the chances of getting prostate cancer significantly with 5% [OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.90-0.99] reduced.
The researchers found that every 10 grams of carrots per day the chances of getting prostate cancer significantly with 4% [OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.99] reduced.
The researchers concluded eating carrots the chance of getting prostate cancer probably reduced. Probably because this overview article contained little cohort studies and there was substantial heterogeneity between the studies.
Original title:
Dietary carrot consumption and the risk of prostate cancer by Xu X, Cheng Y, [...], Xie L.
Link:
_URL_
Additional information about El Mondo:
Find here more studies on carotenoids.