Further Steps
Wi-Fi Commissioning Logs
The example outputs logs on the serial port, this logs allows to keep track of the program execution by tracing information about:
The image below illustrates logs displayed in the serial console during a Wi-Fi commissioning process.
Modify the Example
This section documents the procedures about how to modify the example to your needs. Each of the modifications will require a new compilation in order to be taken into account.
Modify the Wi-Fi SoftAP Configuration
The Wi-Fi SoftAP configuration (e.g. Name, Security mode) is located in the app_webpage.h file. The configuration can be modified by editing the file.
Enable the Power Manager
One of the main characteristics of the WF(M)200 chip is its current consumption in Power Save mode. This mode is enabled by installing the Power Manager component, which will also put the MCU in deepsleep. The Power Manager component can be found in the Services section of the component list.
You can refer to the AN1219: Power Consumption Measurement Setup and Results on WF(M)200 document to perform measurements on the WF(M)200. Simplicity Studio 5 also provides the Energy Profiler tool, this tool allows to measure the current consumption of a Silicon Labs Starter Kit. The measures being made by the Start Kir hardware, keep in mind that it is less accurate than a dedicated instrument, nevertheless it provides an idea of the current consumption quickly and easily. For more information about the Energy Profiler, please refer to this documentation .
Note:
Modify the Webpage
The Webpage sources are provided inside the SDK with the example in the lwip_host/webpage/fs folder but it doesn't appear in Simplicity Studio 5.
Follow the procedure below modify the webpage:
 1. Copy/paste the lwip_host/webpage/fs folder of your SDK in the same location inside your workspace.
 2. Edit and modify the index.shtml file to fit your needs. Tip: Another IDE (e.g. VS Code, Atom, ...) can be used to preview the page while changes are made.
 3. Execute the makefsdata.exe or use the makefsdata provided by LwIP inside the SDK (location: util/third_party/lwip/lwip/src/apps/http/makefsdata).
 4. Rename the generated file fsdata.c into httpfsdata.h .
 5. Edit the file and remove include pragmas except #include "lwip/def.h" .
Debugging Tools
GDB
The toolchain provided with Simplicity Studio 5 contains a compiler, a linker, all you need to build a project, and it also contains a debugger. This debugger, called gdb, allows you to walk into the program step by step, to set breakpoints, to access the MCU memory and registers, ... For more information about how to use the debugger inside Simplicity Studio 5, please refer to the Using the debugger section of the Simplicity Studio 5 documentation .
Tip: Before starting a debug session, disable the project optimizations by selecting None from the Optimization Level list in the section [Optimization] of [Tools Settings] tab from the Project properties (Project->Properties->C/C++ Build->Settings). By default the project is built using the highest optimization setting to have the highest Wi-Fi performances, making the debug experience painful since the instructions are reorganized, so the program will give the impression not to execute linearly.
Additional Logs
Always with the aim to have the highest possible Wi-Fi performances, only few logs are enabled and they are related to actions happening times to times. Nevertheless, having more logs is often good to track a bug or better understand a program behavior. In that purpose LwIP provides logs in each feature of the stack. These logs are disabled by default but can be enabled by editing the lwipopts.h file of the project. The file purpose is to configure the stack IP, like the features enabled or disabled.
To enable logs related to a specific feature:
 1. Find the associated define in the feature sources. The define name ends with _DEBUG , like HTTP_DEBUG, MQTT_DEBUG, TCP_DEBUG, ...
 2. Open the lwipopts.h file located in the lwip_host folder inside the project.
 3. Enable the global debug define LWIP_DEBUG in the top of the file.
 4. Enable the feature logs by adding the feature define inside the file and enabling it.
SEGGER SystemView
SEGGER SystemView is a powerful tool allowing to capture all the events (Task switching, Mutex/Semaphore acquisition and release, ...) in a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) which is particularly helpful to define tasks priorities or to track a behavior leading to a Dead Lock. This tool supports Micrium OS and is provided free of charge with Simplicity Studio, it can be installed from the Simplicity Installation Manager by selecting [Install by connected device(s)] and [Advanced] options. For more information about how to use SEGGER SystemView with Micrium OS, please refer to this documentation .
Optimization Considerations
This section describes steps to increase the throughput while keeping a minimum footprint necessary for your application. The first portion of this document describes the recommended tools. The second portion describes the firmware changes necessary to tweak the performance.
Optimization Tools
iPerf
iPerf is a well-known tool used to measure the throughput on an IP link. This example starts a TCP Server for iPerf testing by default, allowing you to check the throughput after tweaking the program configuration and see the impact. When enabled, the TCP Server for iPerf will be listening for incoming connections at any time. The method to start an iPerf test is dependent on the platform you are using to run the iPerf client:
iperf -c 10.10.0.1
You simply need to issue this command as illustrated in the following image:
Optimization Settings
Micrium OS Configuration
Debugging Configuration
The [ Asserts Configuration ] section accessible from the configuration of the [ Micrium OS Common Module Core ] component regroups all the checks that are done inside the Kernel to ensure the action previously done was successful. There can be a lot of checks and if the program behaves without triggering any of these assertions (enabled by default) then it can be considered to disable all or some debug assertions to see if it improves the performances.
Following the same idea, the debug helper present in the [ Miscellaneous Configuration ] section in the same configuration menu, can also be disabled.
Task Management Configuration
The [ Task Management Configuration ] section accessible from the configuration of the [ Micrium OS Kernel ] component regroups features that intervene during context switches for instance. Context switches happening continuously, any action can have a great impact, good or bad. The first features that can be disabled safely are the statistics and the profiling . Further steps can be taken by disabling the stackoverflow checking mechanism and the redzone, these actions can be critical and considered seriously.
LwIP Configuration
LwIP is an IP stack providing a great granularity to tweak the configuration and reach the best performances. This configuration can be modified by editing the lwipopts.h file located in the lwip_host folder inside the project. The dedicated Maximizing throughput article will help you focus on the main variables to reach the highest performances.
Enabling the LwIP statistics is particularly helpful to dimension the different memory pools. The statistics are enabled as follows in the lwipopts.h file.
#define LWIP_STATS 1
#define LWIP_STATS_DISPLAY 1
This allows to output the statistics in the console by adding a call to the function stats_display() in your application.
Wi-Fi FMAC Driver Documentation
For your own application development or for more information about the Wi-Fi FMAC Driver, please refer to the documentation .
Troubleshooting
Compilation Errors
Force a Project Generation
If the requirement above is satisfied but compilation errors subsist, it can means that the project and the source code are misaligned after a component addition or removal. This kind of errors can be resolved by forcing a new project generation from the [Project Details] tile of the [Overview] tab accessible from the SLCP project file and launch a new build. A project generation won't cause any loss as long as you don't directly modify the files contained in the autogen and config folders.
Example Malfunctions
Connecting a Silicon Labs Starter Kit associated to a WF(M)200 Expansion Board to your Wireless Network is a complex process. If any of the steps in the process is not done correctly, failure can occur. This section describes a few basic steps you can take to troubleshoot this demo.
Check the Logs from the Console
The section Start the Example describes the procedure to launch a console inside Simplicity Studio 5.
Check the Hardware Connections
Check the boards connection to ensure that the WF(M)200 Expansion Board is inserted tightly into the 20-pin expansion header of the Silicon Labs Starter Kit, as described in section Setup your Kit . Make sure that all the switches are in the correct position, as described in section Setup your Kit .
Verify Wi-Fi Access Point Settings
Use your Wi-Fi router's (i.e., AP)


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Ambulation Index (AI)
The AI is a rating scale developed by Hauser et al (1983) to assess mobility by evaluating the time and degree of assistance required to walk 25 feet. Scores range from 0 (asymptomatic and fully active) to 10 (bedridden). The patient is asked to walk a marked 25-foot course as quickly and safely as possible. The examiner records the time and type of assistance (e.g., cane, walker, crutches) needed.
Administration time
Administration time will vary depending upon the ability of the patient. Total administration time should be approximately 1-5 minutes.
Administration method
The AI is administered in person by a trained examiner. The examiner need not be a physician or nurse.
Although the patient's walking is timed, the time is not used directly but is utilized in conjunction with other factors to rate the patient on an ordinal scale with 11 gradations.
Download the Ambulation Index Form (PDF)
The AI is also available in the original journal article where it was first published, Hauser et al (1983).
General comments
Gait speed in general has been demonstrated to be a useful and reliable functional measure of walking ability. The AI is similar to and has been largely replaced by the Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25-FW). While the AI uses an ordinal clinical rating of a performance category, the T25-FW measures the actual time needed to complete the task. When administering the AI, patients are allowed to use assistive devices (canes, crutches, walkers). In addition the rating scale has categories for patients who are unable to walk at all.
Psychometric properties
The AI has demonstrated good test-retest and inter-rater reliability as well as good convergent validity. However, because of its more desirable psychometric properties, the 25-Foot Timed Walk has largely replaced the AI in clinical studies.


Typed Document
Don't want to worry about the complexities of EDI?
"The developer can now spend more of his time on the business rules that he needs to accomplish and not have to worry about all the intricacies of dealing with the EDI"
TypedDocuments removes all complexities from creating HIPAA EDI documents. It allows the creation of HIPAA EDI documents without worrying about elements, delimiters and many other EDI nuances.
EDIFileStructureRelated Tutorials
Main Features
 - Use feature-rich HIPAA objects like X125010Document to quickly create EDI documents
 - Use high level objects like ISA, GS, ST, CLM, IEA etc
 - Just set properties instead of worrying about elements, positions, segments and delimiters
 - Seamlessly use composite elements
 - Auto placement of # of segments, # of transactions and # of functional groups in the SE, GE and IEA segments
 - Adjusts element values in ISA segments to meet 5010 length requirements
 - Cut HIPAA EDI development time in half
 - Generate actual EDI data with one procedure call
 - Extensible model that allows custom documents and segments creation
If you've ever created an object and set its properties then you can create HIPAA EDI documents. Typed Documents (X125010Document) enables developers to quickly create HIPAA EDI documents without the EDI formatting complexity.
The X125010Document supports all HIPAA implementation guides and EDI document creation is intuitive since it follows the same loop structure. There is an object for each 5010 segment like ISA, GS, ST, PAT, HI etc. Just set properties on the object and they will be translated to HIPAA format when you generate the file.
Avoid the Details of EDI formats
Typed Documents take care of annoying things like empty trailing elements and empty trailing composite elements. These can actually result in EDI files errors and file rejections. Element, composite and segment separators are automatically added at the correct places resulting in a flawless EDI file.
Avoid Worrying about ISA Segment Minimum and Maximum Length Requirements
The ISA segment is special in the X12 standard. It is fixed length and contains metadata. EDI Parsers use this metadata to correctly parse EDI files. If this segment is not created correctly a failure to read the entire EDI file will occur. Typed Documents will correctly pad or trim your element data to conform to the X12 5010 HIPAA standard.
Auto Placement of Number of Segments, Transactions and Functional Headers
SE segments must contain the total amount of segments used within that specific header. Typed Documents will automatically keep a count of the number of segments used in the header and goes as far as to actually enter that data in the SE segment. Additionally the number of ST transactions and GS Functional Groups are also tracked and added to the GE and IEA segments
Typed Documents takes care of the following counting scenarios:
 1. Adding the correct number of segments in SE segments (X12)
 2. Adding the correct number of transactions in GE segments (X12)
 3. Adding the correct number of functional groups in IEA segments (X12)
Easily Extendable
Typed Documents have an easy to understand model that make it easy to extend. Custom typed documents and segments can easily be created to support any X12 standard. For example, 4010 typed documents can be created and automatically integrate with the Typed Documents infrastructure.
Code: Creating a Typed Document
After document setup only one method call is needed to generate 100% accurate actual EDI data
Generate EDI Data
Currently Supported HIPAA Implementation Guides
Typed Documents supports the following HIPAA 5010 Implementation Guides
 1. (837P) Health Care Claim: Professional
 2. (837I) Health Care Claim: Institutional
 3. (837D) Health Care Claim: Dental
 4. (820) Payroll Deducted/Group Premium Payment Ins. Products
 5. (820) Health Insurance Related Payments
 6. (834) Benefit Enrollment and Maintenance
 7. (835) Health Care Claim Advice
 8. (276) Health Care Claim Status Request
 9. (277) Health Care Claim Status Response
 10. (270) Health Care Claim Eligibility Request
 11. (271) Health Care Claim Eligibility Response
 12. (999) Implementation Acknowledgement
 13. (277 CA) Health Care Claim Acknowledgment
Typed Documents are included in RDPCrystal EDI Library


The JSR 352 as starting point
Summer Batch uses main architecture carried by JSR-352 specification. JSR-352 is standard specification used in the java-world for batch-oriented software. It supplies a common vocabulary, key concepts and abstractions, that java batch framework should follow, and was designed by main specialists of batch processing. While implementation is in java, concepts are universal.
In addition, while Summer Batch supplies most functionalities that any Batch framework also supplies (such as reading a database), it also contains a set of more specialized features, particularly some useful tools to adapt COBOL batches to Microsoft® .NET world.


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Category: Pond Plants
The Red Scarf lotus is a tea cup lotus plant that is very smaller in size compared to the typical hardy lotus plant. This plant has hardy zones of four or higher or less than four with winter protections. The plant has crimson blooms that are reddish pink in color with white centers. Its petals are narrow and located next to the pod giving it a unique look. The flowers open in the mid morning and close in the mid afternoon. Individual flowers can last for three days before their petals can fall.
Newly planted Red Scarf lotus do not always flower during their first year. Full flowering can occur during the early summer season with sunny and warm conditions. The plant can grow up to six inches across, with its leaves growing to ten to twelve inches wide. The Red Scarf lotus plant as a free flowering plant, also produces blooms during its first seasons. It has round bluish green leaves that float on waters. It can grow up to three to four feet tall. This plant can establish well in medium to large ponds.
The unique Red Scarf lotus can performs well when planted in a small to medium sized pond..It can do well in a container since it can be well establish with or without a pond. The plant can be planted in a huge container with a capacity of at least two gallons container. It can do well when planted in a no-hole container. It is considered a true bowl lotus as it can do so well in containers.
The Red Scarf lotus plant can look great in garden beds due to its cupped shaped blossoms in addition to the uniqueness in the flower colors. It is a hardy plant which can tolerate sunny and warm conditions. However, for the plant to establish well, it requires full sun. This type of plant, when planted in a container, can fail to establish if the soil in the container is not well drained. It is important to note that this plant can fail to re-grow if it is placed in cold water as it can return into dormant state.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Fighting Internal Resistance to CRM
A major national financial institution produces and executes a successful credit card direct mail campaign, resulting in numerous applications for new credit cards. The very next week, the company's home equity department sends appeals to the same customers, urging them to cut up their credit cards and consolidate their debt with a home equity loan.
Couldn't happen? Without an integrated customer relationship management focus, it did happen.
Where companies were product-focused with their marketing efforts and sales initiatives, it was far too often the case that customers received mixed marketing messages. Departmental silos, as they are known, were concerned primarily with how a single product's sales contributed to the bottom line and whether the salespeople were meeting the volume goals established, rather than focusing on the long-term, overall customer relationship.
The financial institution saga is common in many businesses, not just the financial industry. Internal cultural barriers are inhibiting communication and coordination among divisions and thereby defeating marketing objectives. Strategic rethinking by management and transforming sales and service behaviors are key to the success of a strategic customer relationship management program.
With the push toward a more customer-centric focus, organizations find they no longer can look at a consumer from a specific product perspective but must encompass the entire customer relationship to fully understand that client's profitability.
The technology component of CRM offers organizations a more comprehensive understanding of its customers through data analysis and predictive modeling, therefore enabling the development of more accurate sales and marketing strategies. However, technology alone cannot ensure a successful CRM initiative. Key organizational changes are critical to facilitate true CRM value.
An overall strategic buy-in from all divisions, changes in management practices and a transformation in sales and service personnel behaviors are crucial to align all departments with corporate CRM objectives.
The strategic buy-in requires a company not only to set a strategic CRM direction but also to communicate thoroughly the value of this customer-centric strategy to all its employees. To help break down departmental silos, executive management needs to hold itself accountable for overall customer profitability. To do this, data and key metrics from different departments need to be made common and integrated.
In another example with a financial institution, the credit card division of a bank decided to charge a user fee to all of its unprofitable customers to increase the profitability of its credit card portfolio. Not surprisingly, the notification of this new fee resulted in many of these unprofitable customers closing their credit cards.
Initially, this sales strategy was deemed a success because the unprofitable customers either left the bank or became profitable for the bank with the payment of the new fee.
However, imagine the bank's distress when it took a comprehensive view of the customer relationships and realized that the unprofitable credit card customers who left the bank were, in fact, the most profitable customers of the bank. These were the customers with large mortgages, savings and stock portfolios who paid off their credit card balances each month.
To break down departmental silos, product managers must, to some extent, be held accountable for overall customer profitability in addition to the profitability of their specific product.
To facilitate organizational changes in management practices, and sales and service behaviors, companies must set goals and implement incentive plans focused on customer value, not just sales volume. This shift also requires a new measurement and inspection system aimed at selling to the complete customer relationship. By focusing activities and systems on relationship building and coaching the primary contact personnel on relationship-selling, organizations begin the process of true CRM.
Exemplifying this concept, a toy company found that it was more successful in sales initiatives by training and coaching its sales employees to interact with customers by asking questions, such as: What age child are you buying for? Is the child a boy or girl? What do they like to do? Armed with this knowledge, the company was better able to recommend appropriate toys for its customers. Therefore, it had reduced returns of merchandise and improved its profitability.
Bottom-line profitability is associated with an integrated, customer-focused total CRM strategy. Using CRM technology combined with the necessary cultural changes leads to better decision support and improved cross-selling ability, which ultimately increases offer acceptance and profitability.
Financial institutions, insurance brokers, e-tailers and telecommunications companies alike are finding that by refocusing internal operations and overcoming inhouse resistance to change, they can effectively execute a strategic CRM plan


Penrose advocatenkantoor in Amsterdam
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The board resolution of a Dutch company
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The board resolution of a Dutch company
This legal blog provides information about board resolutions of a Dutch company (BV): when do the laws of the Netherlands require a formal corporate decision and how is it taken?
Corporate decision making in the Netherlands
From our Dutch company law practice it has become clear that concluding a board resolution by Dutch companies raises questions. This mostly concerns the Dutch limited liability company (the BV) and Dutch public limited liability company (the NV, similar to the similar to the Anglo-Saxon Plc or Inc).
The legal requirements under Dutch law regarding executive board decisions are not always clear, even to Dutch lawyers. Also the reasons why such resolutions should best be concluded, are not always evident. But for Dutch corporate governance and director liability purposes, it is quite important that board members and their advisors understand the rules and that the best practices in the Netherlands are adhered to. For this reason, we have written this blog and we include a template board resolution under Dutch law (link provided below).
This blog addresses questions such as: what is a board resolution and how is it concluded for a Dutch legal entity. Which officers of a Dutch company play a role in the decision making process? In which events is a formal resolution obligated under the laws of the Netherlands and when is it advisable. What are the legal consequences when a formal decision has not been taken or not taken correctly?
What is a board resolution under Dutch law?
A board resolution is a resolution of the board of directors of a Dutch company, generally a Dutch limited liability company (Dutch acronym: BV) but it is essentially the same for all Dutch legal entities. The (executive) board consists of people or legal entities who have been appointed upon or incorporation or later by means of a resolution of the general meeting of shareholders of the BV. The decision of the board as a corporate body constitutes a board resolution and not the decision of a single board member. Such corporate decision can be taken in a physical meeting, but also through a phone or video call. An alternative can be that the board resolution is concluded 'outside a meeting', i.e. a written resolution that is concluded by all the board members.
Why is a board resolution for a Dutch company necessary?
Under Dutch company law, board members have a collective responsibility for the management of a company. To achieve the corporate purpose of the company, the executive board will devise a corporate strategy that translates to the numerous decisions that a company at the top lever, i.e. the board, will make. A formal decision of the management or executive board may simply be required by Dutch corporate law, the Articles of Association or director's regulations / bylaws. Board resolutions also serve the purpose of explaining how the board is taking responsibility for achieving its tasks. Also with respect to accountability and (warding of) director's liability under the laws of the Netherlands, board resolutions are essential for the corporate household.
When is a board resolution mandatory under Dutch law?
Under the corporate laws of the Netherlands, only few occasions exist when an executive board decision is actually required. This is for instance the case for resolutions that require the approval of the non-executive board (also called the supervisory board in the Netherlands) or of the works council. Also, the Articles of Association of a Dutch company, board regulations, governance codes and market practice may require that a (written) board decision is taken. In any case, the principle of better being safe than sorry applies here: a board of directors will generally reduce the possibility of director's liability when its resolutions are well documented. In practice, this is generally not done at all or not properly and this is the source of (too) many conflicts in the Netherlands between -especiallythe board and the shareholders.
How to conclude a board resolution of a Dutch company?
Dutch company law and the Articles of Association of the BV provide how a board resolution should be taken. Some corporate matters will require the involvement and approval of the general meeting of shareholders, the works council and / or the supervisory board.
Each board member can cast one vote. Also, a decision by the executive board needs to meet the principle of fairness and equitability and its needs to be the 'fruit of sufficient deliberation'. This means that board members can not be excluded from the decision making process.
That said, this is different for directors who have a personal interest that conflicts with the corporate interest. Such management board members may not partake in the decision making process nor in the voting, unless the Articles of Association of the Dutch company stipulate otherwise. A board resolution does not need to be in writing, unless on the basis of the Articles or a shareholders agreement. We deem it advisable to always conclude written board decisions.
Minutes of a board meeting of a Dutch company should include the date and location of the board meeting, an attendee list, the method of voting and a clear description of what has been decided. It is sensible that the board minutes also provide context relating the decision making.
If the formal rules are not adhered to, a board resolution may be annulled or declared null and void. In order to prevent this, we refer to our template board resolution for a Dutch company (download).
Can a Dutch court overrule or annul a board decision?
A board resolution can have far reaching consequences for a Dutch enterprise and the parties involved. As an example, the board may decide to replace its workforce by self-employed staff. This has happened in the Netherlands with IT driven food delivery services. For this reason, Dutch law provides that corporate decisions need to be reached diligently after weighing the relevant interests. A board decision that has not been concluded according to the formal rules may be declared null and void by a Dutch court of law. Also, a resolution of the management board can be scrutinized by the enterprise chamber of the Amsterdam court, which is a specialized court for Dutch corporate law matters.
A board resolution that contravenes directly with Dutch company law or with the company's Articles of Association is null and void. A Dutch corporate lawyer would consider it non-existent and, thus, the company can not execute such a decision and nobody can enforce it. An example of a resolution that Is null and void is when the articles of incorporation stipulate an increased majority of votes and such majority is not met. Such decision is deemed not be taken.
A board decision that is not concluded in accordance with certain formalities is not null and void by operation of law, but in can be declared null and void by a ruling of a Dutch court upon the request of an interested party, including the board. Until such court ruling, the decision of the board is valid. An example is a resolution that is not in accordance with board regulations / bylaws. The possibility to challenge a board decision of the executive / management board of a company in the Netherlands lapses after one year.
If there are good reasons to doubt the actions or inactions of a management board, there is the possibility to test the policies of the board before the enterprise chamber with the Amsterdam court through the so-called inquiry procedure. A court appointed specialist may scrutinize the policy and actions of the board and the court may suspend or annul the execution of board resolutions.
Checklist and template for board resolution of a Dutch company
We have drafted a template for a board resolution of a company in the Netherlands. The example board decision in can be accessed through this link. We also recommend using the following checklist to conclude a proper board resolution under Dutch corporate law:
 1. Who are the board members who have been appointed by the general meeting of shareholders? Which board members need to be involved in the relevant decision making process?
 2. Does the corporate resolution need the (prior) approval of the shareholders meeting or the supervisory board / non-executive board?
 3. Is there a member of the board who has a conflict of interest regarding the proposed resolution? If yes, how is this being dealt with since as a principle such board member may not partake in the decision making process? Check the Articles of Association and the board regulations on this point.
 4. Has the management board received specific instructions from the supervisory board or the shareholders meeting regarding the subject that is being decided on?
 5. Does the works council has an advisory or information right regarding the resolution's topic?
 6. Did the board weigh the relevant interests and have the interests of the company been taken into account?
 7. Make sure that proper minutes of the board meeting are being made that reflect both the resolutions and the relevant considerations of the board.
Corporate lawyer Amsterdam
The corporate attorneys of Penrose in Amsterdam are happy to assist with Dutch corporate household matters including board resolutions. Please feel free to contact Thomas Schutte or Hans Klaver if you have any questions about corporate resolutions of a Dutch company.
Penrose law firm in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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for him. So Maxey wasn't just working on his fort, he was also doing other projects at the request of public officials.
- I haven't been able to learn whether a third Fort Maxey was ever built, but I doubt it. There's also another issue here: The Blackwells Island Light was supposedly built right around the location where Fort Maxey was in 1872, but Fort Maxey version 2 would have been under construction there at the same time.
- Were the two buildings right next to each other?
- If so, it seems likely that Maxey would have helped build the lighthouse, since it sounds like he loved building things and wouldn't have been able to resist building something as grand and useful as a lighthouse right on his front step.
- I haven't been able to find any real answer to this question, since I'm relying entirely on contemporary newspaper accounts, since I haven't really found anything written since the 19th century that even mentions that Maxey's fort burned down even once.
- So, one thing I've been thinking about when considering who may have built the lighthouse is Maxey's construction work. Do I think he was capable of building or helping to build the lighthouse, which was obviously far more polished than his fort?
- I think he may have been, in part because he built his fort basically just from flotsam and jetsum–the authorities said he could build using any materials he found, but they wouldn't requisition any materials for him. So if he actually had help, and the materials he needed, maybe he could have made something much more polished.
- Like I mentioned last week, he obviously had engineering ability.
To read from the NYT:
- The fort is an almost circular mound of earth, well faced with sods against the action of the river and the soil wheeled there to form it must have weighed hundreds of tons. One side of this mount a fantastic structure has been raised, of no precise order of architecture, but intended for the fighting place when the time comes.
- This description is from 1866, four years before the first fire that "destroyed" Fort Maxey, and 6 years before the lighthouse was built. A few notable things here:
- In 6 years, he may have done a lot more work reclaiming land around the causeway and fort, building out the current shape of the island. But I can't confirm that–I wish I could find an accurate nautical map of the island from around _PHONE_.
- But even if he didn't build out the island more, perhaps the lighthouse was built on the little island where his fort had been built, or at least where the fighting place was? The thing about the circular mound made be pause, since the lighthouse is on a circular stone base, which from old pictures I've seen was surrounded by dirt before being paved over to become part of lighthouse park. Part of me wonders if the lighthouse and its stone base were built first, on the little island, and then later the land was completely filled around it?
- I wanted to read this bit of the landmark report about it, to explain:
- The lighthouse is encircled by a small yard paved with flagstone. An entry walk at the south is flanked by stone bollards which have pyramidal tops carved with simple trefoils.
- Bollards are basically just short vertical posts, which according to wikipedia, used to refer to a post used for mooring boats. In the 19th century, it seems like that's what they generally were for. So maybe they were put there to facilitate tying up small craft that came up to the lighthouse (I'm imagining like rowboats, since there were a lot of rocks and stuff there.) Or, I could imagine them being ornamental posts that might look nice at the end of a bridge or causeway. Maybe the land hadn't been totally filled in when they were built, and the bridge to Fort Maxey led right up to the lighthouse door–that's a sensible reason to have an entry walk there. Right now, it looks kinda silly to have a designated entry walk area around the door to the lighthouse, when there's land totally surrounding the lighthouse.
- I wanted to read this bit of the landmark report about it, to explain:
- Another notable thing from the landmarks report is that it describes the doorway, which has "an incised pointed arch above a splayed keystone with flanking corbels . . . Designed in a rustic version of the Gothic style."
- This stood out to me because it made me think of how the NYT article described the vaguely gothic top of the gate to Fort Maxey.
- But more than that, it made me think of an illustration of Fort Maxey from one of the articles last week: it had an arch and windows that are vaguely reminescent of the arch and windows of the lighthouse that was built later.
So that's some info about Maxey's construction ability and some similarities between his fort and the lighthouse.
- But articles about the lighthouse all mention John McCarthy. Who was this guy? People say that he was a lunatic, but I think that's just people conflating him and Maxey.
- So I did some research.
- Unfortunately for me, John McCarthy is a really common name. I did a TON of digging and came up with many John McCarthys from around this time, and several of them are worth mentioning:
- According to an April 30, 1873 article in the New York Herald about a prison escape on Blackwell's Island, there was a keeper at the prison named John McCarthy. But we can eliminate him from our list of potential builders, I think. There's no reason to think that a guard would be enlisted to help build a lighthouse.
- An April 24, 1889 article in the Evening World mentions a Captain John McCarthy, who was the pilot of the charity boat Minnehannock, and was also the pilot of the tug boat Fidelity during construction of a building on Hart's Island–a nearby island, which was and is now a potter's field for NYC. The Fidelity towed all of the stone "used to sink and fill the crib" which I believe refers to a crib dock. That's the most expensive type of dock to build, and the most permanent kind, which requires a really sturdy foundation, usually a wooden "crib" or container filled with rocks. At any rate, I think we can cross this John McCarthy off too, because a captain wouldn't have the spare time or expertise to build a lighthouse.
- An August 8, 1870, article in the New York Tribune lists some convicts who were sentenced to the penitentary at Blackwell's Island during the Court of Special Sessions. One of those people was a petty criminal named "John McCarthy alias Cockney Jack, an old offender and noted pickpocket in this city . . . Convicted of larceny of a valise, and sent to the Penitentiary for four months."
- I think that this is our guy. Here's why:
- Prisoners were often forced to do manual labor around the island
- Even tho he was only sentenced to be on the island for 4 months, it sounds like he was in and out of there, and maybe after his release, he got arrested again and earned a longer sentence. It was pretty common for people to end up back at the island again and again.
- The inscription, asking people to pray for his soul, definitely feels like something a prisoner, someone with a guilty conscience, might write
- A 1919 article in the New York Press suggests that this was the McCarthy. The article said, of the lighthouse contruction, plainly:
- McCarthy was a workhouse prisoner. He had two assistants on the job.
- The article also mentions Maxey as a separate person–so in 1919, the two of them hadn't been combined the in the popular imagination.
- I think that this is our guy. Here's why:
- So after all of this, what do I think happened? I like the idea that Maxey had some sort of hand in the lighthouse, and I think it's possible that his fort, which had a vaguely gothic style, may have inspired Renwick, who I think probably was the person who designed the lighthouse, if I had to guess.
- I found an illustration of Fort Maxey that really reminded me of the lighthouse–the drawing is of a sort of doorway with window recessed above the arched doorway, in a way that's really reminiscent of the lighthouse.
- So even if Maxey and Renwick never spoke (though my guess is that they probably did, if Renwick was surveying the area for the lighthouse) I think that the sight of Maxey's creation would have influenced the plans for the lighthouse.
- Maxey at this point would have been old, in his 70s. It sounds like he was maybe still working on fort maxey version 3 at the time, but I wonder if he assisted McCarthy with the lighthouse building
- At any rate, it seems like McCarthy may have done the lion's share of the construction work, and wanted to be remembered for it.
Sources consulted RE: The Roosevelt Island Lighthouse
See the A Victorian Lunatic's Fort: Fort Maxey, Blackwell's Island, NYC, for additional sources for this episode.
Videos of The Roosevelt Island Lighthouse
Articles consulted RE: The Roosevelt Island Lighthouse
- The Chicago Evening Mail (Chicago, Illinois) · Thu, Dec 29, 1870 · Page 3
- _URL_ Downloaded on Oct 29, 2020
- The Meriden Daily Republican (Meriden, Connecticut) · Thu, Jul 23, 1874 · Page 3. _URL

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the dimensional stability of oriented strand boards (OSBs) with the core layer made of fine wood chips when the boards were exposed to air of variable relative humidity (30%, 65%, and 85%). The share of fine wood chips, intended for the particleboard core layer or originating from comminution of unrefined particleboards, accounted for 50% or 100% of the core layer mass. This study revealed much greater changes in the length of the board's shorter axis, regardless of the type of fine wood chips in the core layer. These changes increased with an increasing share of this type of chips in the core layer. More pronounced changes in thickness were observed for particleboards containing 50% of the fine chips. The research also showed that the relative changes in linear dimensions were slightly smaller in OSBs containing 50% of wood chips from the comminution of unrefined particleboards than in the boards with a core layer made from wood chips designed for this purpose.


text: By using two well-known activity indicators such as the Hα line and the Ca IRT lines, we look forward to measuring both magnetic cycles and stellar rotation periods for FGK type stars, and any correlation between these two activity indicators. Our data was taken from the Dharma Planet Survey, and this is the first in-depth analysis of stellar activity coming from this survey. We analyze a sample of 23 stars and by computing the long-term variability we expect to detect the magnetic cycles of these stars. By using the F-test, we measure the significance in the variability. Any associated P-values less than 5% with the F-tests are considered to be significant. By computing the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, we studied the correlation between both activity indicators. The chosen significance level was 5% for the coefficient value. Finally, we measured the rotation period using the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram. The significance on the peaks were considered using FAP less than 5%. Our observation time span is not long enough to cover for whole magnetic cycles. We were only able to detect three different phases of these cycles: Active, Quiet, or Transition phases. For significant long-term variability, 8 stars from the sample show significant variability for the Hα index and 12 stars for the Ca IRT index. We then noticed that the index correlation is mainly influenced by the magnetic cycle phase, instead of the variability significance. For the PCC, we have values ranging from -0.3 to 0.3 and 9 stars showing significant correlation coefficients. Finally, we were able to detect four different rotation phases: Significant, Not Significant, Stable, and Immeasurable. These phases are based on the FAP values from the Lomb-Scargle periodogram. In addition, considering both activity indicators, we were able to measure the rotation period of 12 stars. The most remarkable result is shown on the star HD115043, for which we measured a rotation period of ~6 days in both activity indicators. These measurements match the values from the literature.


text:
SUSNET (Sustainability Network) is the project's web-based environment. This provides a workspace for schools to document their GNH work and share resources. SUSNET can also be used a tool for collaborative work between schools, within and outside Bhutan.
SUSNET has a wealth of resources on sustainability issues, including teaching material, project and lesson ideas for GNH and sustainable development. There are also resources on action research, transformative pedagogy, distance education, media literacy and documentary filmmaking, including a space for uploading films produced by teachers and students.
Whilst some of the workspaces are only available for project members, the resources can be accessed by visitors. To view the resources click on the SUSNET link and then enter the user account and password given below.


TY - JOUR T1 - Gill Ventilation Volumes, Oxygen Consumption and Respiratory Rhythms in Carcinus Maenas (L.) JF - Journal of Experimental Biology JO - J. Exp. Biol. SP - 309 LP - 321 VL - 41 IS - 2 AU - ARUDPRAGASAM, K. D. AU - NAYLOR, E. Y1 - 1964/06/01 UR - _URL_ N2 - 1. An apparatus is described for continuously measuring gill ventilation volumes in crabs. 2. Large Carcinus pump about 1 c.c./g./min. and consume oxygen at the rate of about 0.03 c.c./g./hr. whilst smaller specimens pump up to 1.5 c.c./g./min. and consume up to 0.1 c.c./g./hr. Freshly collected crabs show persistent tidal and 24 hr. rhythms of pumping activity and oxygen consumption. 3. In response to oxygen depletion Carcinus shows increased rates of gill ventilation and increased percentage utilization. Prolonged exposure to increased carbon dioxide results in a short-lived inhibition followed by over-compensation and then progressive inhibition of respiratory activity. 4. The results are discussed in relation to previous work on respiration in other decapod Crustacea. ER -


text:
On-Demand Webinar: Diversity and Culture – Strategies for Working with Differences
$20.00 Or MEMBER PLAN (Starting at $9.99 a month/viewer)
When diversity and cultural differences lead to misunderstandings or distrust, they are often viewed as challenges to manage within our work environments. However, they are better viewed as valuable assets to organizational health. This webinar examines specific elements of diversity and culture as they relate to communicating, power differentials, and experiences of discrimination.
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text:
Starting with Windows Server 2012 R2, it is possible to re-size a Virtual Hard Disk for a running Virtual Machine on Hyper-V! It was not possible to do so before for an online Virtual Machine running on Windows Server 2012 and earlier Hyper-V versions.
Let's have a look at some of the benefits this feature offers and requirements before you dive in and use it.
The re-sizing feature allows expanding or shrinking a Virtual Machine hard disk while the Virtual Machine is running. Storage administrators can avoid downtime to perform virtual hard disk maintenance tasks and there is no impact to end users. Users can still access Virtual Machine and its volumes. This feature reduces the maintenance costs associated with downtime of critical Virtual Machines.
There is also a Resize-VirtualDisk PowerShell cmdlet available which can be used to script the re size operation on multiple virtual hard disks quickly. There is no need to use or enable any component to use this feature. This functionality is available out of the box using "Edit Virtual Hard Disk" wizard.
Since it is a feature of Hyper-V running on Windows Server 2012 R2, make sure to perform this task on a Windows Server 2012 R2 Hyper-V Server. You must also be using a VHDX format and this must be connected to a SCSI controller before you can expand or shrink a Virtual Hard Disk. However, Disk type can be fixed, differencing or dynamic.
So, let's see how you actually Expand and Shrink virtual hard disks without powering off Virtual Machines. I'm not going to explain the step-by-step process but provide you the necessary screenshots for your understanding.
How to Expand?
To expand, Right Click on the Virtual Machine and then click on "Settings". Click on the Virtual Hard Drive you want to extend in the "Settings" page. Note:You cannot extend/compact a Virtual Machine hard drive if a snapshot exists. A warning message will be shown stating that "Edit is not available because checkpoints exist for this Virtual Machine". This is also shown in the red circle of the below screenshot.
Next click on "Edit" button to launch the "Edit Virtual Hard Disk" wizard as shown below:
Click "Next" to select "Expand" action as shown below:
Specify the size of the virtual hard drive to expand and then click on Finish.
At this point, Virtual Machine hard disk size has been expanded, now you need to launch "Disk Manager" in Virtual Machine and then use the "Extend the Volume" wizard to make un-allocated space available to the Virtual Machine. When you open "Disk Manager", you will see the expanded size as un-allocated space as shown in the below screenshot of the Virtual Machine:
Right Click on the volume you want to extend and then select "Extend Volume" wizard as shown in the below screenshot and then follow the on-screen steps to complete the process.
How to Shrink?
To shrink the storage capacity, you must first initiate the "shrink" action from within the Operating System of Virtual Machine using "Disk Manager". Using the "Disk Manager", Right Click on the volume you want to shrink and then select "Shrink Volume" action as shown in the below the screenshot:
Note: "Extend Volume" action is available only if you have un-allocated space available in the Operating System. Next, specify the amount of space you want to shrink as shown below and then hit "Shrink" button:
Once shrunk from within the Operating System of Virtual Machine, initiate the final shrink action using the "Edit Virtual Machine" wizard. Click on "Edit" button on the Virtual Machine's setting page to specify the new size for the virtual hard disk as shown in the below screenshot. "Edit Virtual Machine"wizard will not allow you to specify the new size value lesser than the size being used by the Operating System inside the Virtual Machine. As you can see in the below screenshot, the C: volume is about 58.6 GB in size and "Edit Virtual Hard Disk" wizard also specifies the minimum required size which is 60 GB. This is shown in the red circles in the below screenshots:
Once you have specified the size to shrink, click "Finish" button for VMWP.exeto process the change and reduce the size of the VHDX file on the Host storage.
- Does not work on virtual hard disks using VHD format.
- The re-sizing feature does not work on Virtual Hard Disks which are attached to IDE Controllers.
- Does not work for Virtual Hard Disks which have snapshots/checkpoints associated.
- Expanding and Shrinking process is not visible to the Virtual Machine Operating System. You must take some extra steps.
- Once the virtual hard disk has been expanded, the extra space is shown as un-allocated in the Disk Manager in the Operating System of the Virtual Machine. You must make the extra space available to Virtual Machine by using the "Extend Volume Wizard" within the Disk Manager of the Virtual Machine.
- Shrinking reduces the storage capacity of the Virtual Hard Disk. If you want to shrink the size, you must use the "Disk Manager" in Operating System of the Virtual Machine. Finally, use the "Edit Virtual Hard Disk" wizard to reduce the size of the virtual hard disk.


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WILLEMSTAD/PHILIPSBURG–When Curaçao and St. Maarten agreed on implementing a reform package, the so-called "Landspakket", with the Netherlands as a condition for liquidity support amid the COVID-19 pandemic, part of it included achieving a balanced budget by 2023. Given the poor state of the public finances in the countries, fiscal consolidation is indispensable, the Central Bank of Curaçao and St. Maarten (CBCS) acknowledged in its June 2022 Economic Bulletin.
"However, amid the heightened uncertainties, the question arises whether the current fiscal consolidation path is realistic. With increased inflation pressures moderating the pace of economic recovery and higher government spending required to provide targeted support to the most vulnerable in society, a balanced budget should not come at the expense of a continued recovery," cautioned CBCS president Richard Doornbosch.
"Instead, the countries should work on a medium-term fiscal consolidation path that balances the effects of fiscal retrenchment on growth," the CBCS president advised. "First, healthcare and pension system reforms are needed to reduce the pressures on the national budget. Second, public financial management should be strengthened to achieve a more efficient and effective allocation of government resources," Doornbosch continued. "On the revenue side, tax compliance should be further improved to widen the tax base and to distribute the tax burden more fairly across the economy. Given the capacity constraints of the two countries, however, all these reforms cannot be implemented within one year."
In its latest Economic Bulletin, the CBCS recommends that both countries develop a medium-term fiscal adjustment programme with a four-year focus. "This programme should be based on prudent assumptions regarding economic growth and fiscal targets and include clear medium-term priorities. In addition, the pace of fiscal adjustment should in the recovery phase be linked to a debt anchor instead of a balanced budget rule," Doornbosch explained. "The experience so far with the balanced budget rule in Curaçao and St. Maarten demonstrates that it has not served soundness in public financial management and decision-making while it mostly results in procyclical fiscal policy," he further pointed out.
"The countries should implement measures that accelerate the pace of economic recovery and support a higher and sustained growth path. Structural reforms as agreed in the Landspakketten are necessary in both Curaçao and St. Maarten to address the weaknesses on the supply side of the economy," Doornbosch continued. "An important area of reform is reducing administrative procedures and red tape."
The June 2022 Economic Bulletin also includes a feature article with the preliminary results of an extensive survey the CBCS conducted on the effects of red tape on business performance and economic growth in Curaçao and St. Maarten. A first assessment of the results indicate that the cost of red tape has been rising on both islands, adversely affecting business performance and economic efficiency. Therefore, both governments should take steps to address red tape, according to the Central Bank.
"Besides structural reforms, the countries would also benefit from higher public investments, which have been low over the past decade. In this regard, a medium-term public investment programme is recommended that sets clear priorities on investment projects that provide a high economic and social return and includes norms that guarantee project quality and efficiency of resource allocation," CBCS President Doornbosch said.
Bron: Daily Herald


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|Celebrating Women's Day|
The upheaval of the sixties and the women's movement of the seventies finally brought about the lasting changes that many of our grandmothers and great-grandmothers had started fighting for in the early 1900's.
|National Women's History Project|
Although times have changed, they still remain the same. You will find the women of the cemetery usually bear one of these descriptive names on their stones to describe their station in life; daughter, sister, aunt, wife, mother, grandmother, widow. On older stones, the term consort or relict was used to describe the woman's marital status.
From the 17th through 19th centuries, consort was usually used on the graves of women, although a man could also be a consort. The word consort was normally used in this manner:
Mary LaPlant faired better in regard to information about her life. Mary was the consort, or spouse, of Lambert Barrots. Both her birth and death dates were listed along with 'LaPlant', which was probably, her birth name possibly used as a middle name.
Relict was another term from the 17th and 18th centuries that meant the woman was the surviving spouse of the marriage and had not remarried. Relict was used much as our term widow is used today to describe a woman whose spouse has died before her.
Most of the other relationship terms used to describe a woman remain the same. They can give us more insight into the lives of our female ancestors, and yet, it seems, never quite enough.
Daughter describes any female descendent or offspring.
Charlotte Snyder was a daughter. Unfortunately we do not know whose daughter, nor do we know the exact dates of her birth or death.
'Mary dau. (daughter) of L.J. & M.E. Miles' had a more detailed stone. Mary's death date and age were listed, along with the symbol of a rosebud, used to indicate the lose of a young life.
Sister is a female who has both parents in common with another offspring. Sister is not as prevalent on gravestones as other relationship terms.
Two sisters will share this marker. Each has her married name on the stone. Unfortunately, for genealogy purposes, we do not know what their birth name was.
Aunt describes a female who is the sister or sister-in-law of your parent.
With this stone designation of Aunt, we may assume that Hannah never married. Her birth and death dates were listed, along with her middle name.
Wife is the female partner in a marriage.
Catharine – wife of Samuel Thorn with a date of death listed, although covered up by years of soil buildup. Samuel had a willow tree placed on the stone, a symbol of mourning.
Anna B. was the wife of John G. Frisz. Anna's birth and death years were listed and her stone was very substantial and ornate.
This couple's stone showed Edward's birth and death years, but for Ella, only the year of her birth. Did she move away, remarry or did someone just forget to have the date of her passing engraved in the stone?
Mother – a female, who has given birth to a child, adopted a child or raised a child. The female parent.
Charlotte T. Engle's stone showed her birth and death dates along with the simple inscription 'Mother.'
Myrtle's stone indicated that she was someone's mother and the year of her birth and death.
There are also the poignant stones, such as 'Hattie Clark and Daughter.' No dates, no name for the child.
Grandmother – The mother of your mother or father.
Grandmother is another designation, which is seldom found on gravestones.
Naomi Graves Bray was honored with the term 'Grandmother' placed on her stone, along with her birth and death years and a religious symbol.
Other designations, or lack of, that can create a dilemma about who these women were:
This stone tells us only that Elizabeth was buried here, along with her birth and death years. No last name, no relationship designation.
Here, a bit more detail, Flora's last name - Clement. A birth year was given, but no death year.
This stone is intriguing. The large marble marker was used for the grave of Jesse Cravens' wife who died in 1885. A four-line epitaph was engraved at the bottom. But I find the semicolon a mystery. Was it used to indicate an omitted or unknown letter? If so, then Jesse Cravens had nothing to do with this stone, as he should have known the spelling of his wife's name. So who had this stone erected? And why use a semicolon instead of a question mark if the letter or letters were unknown? Does any one have any ideas?
This stone tells of someone much beloved.
And it seems only fitting to close out with a stone that seems to sum up Women's History Month.
"James Henry – Husband of Beatrice Steel"
Beatrice Steel – Touché'!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


to learn the basics of four-point corner pen motion tracking. So essentially what that is, is taking our footage of the green screen picture frame and being able to composite something into that picture frame that moves along with the footage. This is a preview of what we'll be looking to achieve, which is getting this footage to feel like it appears inside the picture frame, that it actually is part of the footage we shot. So, just to compare it to what we were doing earlier, this is like almost a window that reveals something below and what we're going to be doing is tracking the footage into that so that it feels like I'm actually holding a picture frame with a live image on it. I've got the same piece of footage here of the moving green screen frame and under window, tracker. So, in order to track this picture frame, since it has these four corners, it's perfect for perspective corner pin which gives us four track points. All we have to do is take this track point and put the cross hairs of that track point into the corner of the picture frame. Drag these to each corner. It's also important to keep the tracker points in the same sort of orientation that they are. So, track point one is going to go into the top left corner. Track point two will go into our top right corner. Track point three goes into the bottom left and track point four goes into the bottom right corner. You'll see there's two squares here. That kind of tells the tracker what information to look for that's similar. The way that a tracker works is that it finds similar information between frames and places a pixel where it finds the similar information. It's good to have the smaller square a little in a smaller region so it's looking in a smaller region and the larger square will look across the frame for more similar information. So, just expand the range of the bigger square. So that looks pretty good. So now that we've aligned this and we have our parallel lines that are running along the edge of the picture frame there, we'll hit the analyze forward and start tracking the motion of this. So, the faster these points move in space, the trickier it is for the tracker to find them but so far, it's still able to keep up. It helps when your motion tracking to have these large swatches of contrast. So, using the black picture frame really helps identify some of those contrasts points for the motion tracker. If you're trying to motion track two grey moving objects against each other, it's going to have a tougher time because the information is so similar but more contrast here, the easier this track works. You can see it's holding up pretty well up there. It went off course at track point one. You can manually grab it. If it goes off course, you can manually grab the tracker and move it back to the corner. Sometimes when the motion is too fast, the tracker has a tougher time and you'll see it go off course. I can just analyze frame by frame here. Since we're using 4K footage, it helps the track a lot because it's just more information for it to look at. Once we have our track more or less set, we want to make sure that all these tracker markers are then applied to a new piece of footage. So, I know that this picture frame was 18 inches by 24 inches. So, if I create a composition that is 2400 by 1800, the dimensions of that composition will match the picture frames so I won't be skewing anything or stretching anything. It's important that you roughly get the correct ratio of what your compositing into to match the composition setting. So there's our track after I analyzed the motion track and did a little bit of manual tweaking to it. We have pretty good four-corner pin track and I've created this new composition that's 24 by 1800. I'll drag that into this composition and under edit target, I will set that to comp one. This is the composition where we're going to be placing our footage. I can rename comp one to say place footage here. Great. So we have an empty composition and so I can bring in this fire footage. Maybe duplicate it a couple of times and even scale this up so that it fits our 2400 by 1800 composition and duplicate this across time. So there's our pre-composition. So this is what's going to be going inside the picture frame. Jumping back to our motion track. When we want to apply this motion track to the composition that has the fire in it, we will go to edit target and we will choose our composition that we called it place footage here. You click okay and then you just click apply after you've set that target. So, now we're not seeing anything. I think that's because our place footage here is below our green screen footage. So here now we'll apply it and you'll see that fire footage is now locked in with the picture frame. I'll do a little bit of manual tweaking. Some points when it moves really fast where these corner pins sort of misaligned, so we can do some manual tweaking here to get that to fill the frame. So once I've done that, now I have a pretty solid motion track of this footage. We can actually bring our green screen footage on top because it's green. Turn on our color range effects and now we have this fire footage existing inside the picture frame. It still feels a little false to me so we can do a couple of things here. We can add motion blur so that the motion blur of the picture frame is matched to the fire and that's as simple as toggling this little button that says motion blur, click that and then toggle in in the composition window, the preview for motion blur so we can actually see it in action. Now, you'll see the faster that this motion track moves, the more blur is added to the footage, so now it it appears as if that footage is actually in the shot. We can do some other things to help the compositing, such as some slight curves to the footage so that it's not too bright and then the blacks aren't too black. Just so that it feels more like a video screen image rather than a digital video screen. So, that was the basics of motion tracking, specifically motion tracking inside of a picture frame. 12. Wrap Up: So, now we've seen that using just a piece of green board that we bought at the art store, a camera, and a tripod, we've created a pretty interesting effect. Essentially, a infinite zoom through mirror effect. Some of the things we just went over include: how to use color range, how to use key light, how to use different types of matte refined tools, and also how to get a clean Alpha channel. Some of the things we learned after we keyed our footage, is how to take the Alpha channel from one layer and apply it to a different layer using track matte. After we use track matte, we learned how to pre-compose the footage, and duplicate it, and also, parent the same duplicated layers to a master layer, so that when we animate one thing, it affects the animation of the duplicated layers. Finally, we learned how to scale that footage to create that infinite zoom effect, and to create a consistent zoom, using the animation preset exponential scale. So, that is the fundamentals of green screen, and hopefully some weird things that we can do with that green screen, so not just the typical uses. I think that's the point of this class is that there are many uses of green screen beyond just putting a character in some fantasy land that we can actually find some creative uses of it. So, I encourage you to take some of the fundamentals we learned here, even with the infinite zoom or some of the camera moves, and apply that to the screen-screen effect. I'd love to see even uses with the green screen suits or other green objects, and finding fun ways to play with that stuff. So, yeah, looking forward to seeing your projects, thanks for watching.


text:
Roger Fenton's well known photograph, "The Valley of the Shadow of Death"Documentary filmmaker Errol Morris may have uncovered the world's oldest staged photograph, a wartime image taken in 1855.
Radiolab spoke with Morris, who unleashed his legendary attention to detail upon Roger Fenton's renowned photo, "The Valley of the Shadow of Death," considered to be one of the oldest known photographic images of warfare.
The photo was taken during the Crimean War (_PHONE_) and shows a road littered with cannonballs. The Crimean War was a massive conflict that saw Russia battling with Britain, France, Sardinia and the remnants of the Ottoman Empire for control over the declining Ottoman Empire.
The Crimean War itself is arguably history's first "modern" war, featuring new communications technology (the telegraph) and weaponry, along with the use of photography. And Fenton's photographs taken during the war are considered to be some of the earliest ever to document warfare.
"[I]t turns out there were actually two photos--both taken from the same spot over 150 years ago. One image famously shows a road littered with cannonballs, while the other shows the same road with no cannonballs (they're off to the side in ditches). Which one came first? And why would the cannonballs have been moved?"
Morris has written a series of blog posts about his investigation for the New York Times, in which he explains how the photo's history first captured his interest after reading a book by Susan Sontag that flatly alleges Fenton staged the photograph.
As part of his extensive efforts to uncover whether the photo was staged, Morris traveled to Crimea and consulted with optical engineer Dennis Purcell and five historians.
The historians were split on whether the photo was staged, with some arguing that the cannonballs are missing in the second photo because soldiers were recycling them to fire back at Russian forces.
Eventually, Purcell and Morris were able to reach a definitive conclusion about whether the photo was faked, by flipping the two photographs over and over. Eventually, they realized that pebbles on the left side of the road appeared to move in the two photographs. From the direction of the rocks falling, Morris was able to sequence the two photographs. "The one with the cannonballs on the road was the second picture," Morris said.
In other words, the photo with no cannonballs on the road is the original picture. Fenton and his assistants rolled the cannonballs downhill and placed them along the road.
"Whoever was helping him would have walked along the side of the road and moved the cannonballs down to the side of the road. It's gravity." Morris said.
In other words, Susan Sontag was right. "But for the wrong reasons," Morris said.
While calling Fenton a "coward," Morris acknowledges he doesn't know exactly why the photographer staged his shot. But Purcell has his own opinion, saying Fenton was aiming for the "emotional truth" of the nearby battlefields.
"It's obvious why he did it; to make it look like the way it felt," Purcell said.


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Context: Ministry of Jal Shakti has released the 6th Census Report on Minor Irrigation Schemes.
About Minor Irrigation Schemes
- Minor Irrigation Schemes are defined as those structures either in groundwater or in the surface water category having culturable command areas up to 2,000 hectares.
- Ground Water schemes provide irrigation throughout the year and are dependable which has helped in sustaining agricultural production over the past years. Groundwater-based minor irrigation schemes comprise dug wells, dug-cum bore wells, shallow, medium and deep tube wells.
- Dug wells cover ordinary open wells of varying dimensions, dug or sunk from the ground surface into a water-bearing stratum to extract water for irrigation.
- Surface water scheme comprises surface flow schemes and surface lift irrigation schemes. Surface flow schemes typically consist of tanks, check-dams, and structures and can serve as water conservation cum groundwater recharge schemes. These structures are generally prevalent in hilly regions.
- Surface lift schemes are generally built in regions where topography does not permit direct flow irrigation from rivers and streams and hence water must be lifted into irrigation channels.
Benefits of Minor Irrigation Schemes
- Need small investment
- Have short gestation periods in which they become functional
- Benefits of these schemes directly reach farmers
- Have better control overflow of water
- Contribute a substantial share of irrigation across the country
- Thus, minor irrigation schemes are essential and critical to increase the productivity of agriculture in the country. This is especially true in the face of climate change.
Minor Irrigation Census
- Government of India has been conducting a census of minor irrigation schemes to create sound and reliable data for minor irrigation schemes for effective policy and planning in this sector.
- Till now 5 minor irrigation censuses have been done 1986-87, 1993-94, 2000-01, 2006-07 and 2013-14 respectively.
- The 6th minor irrigation census with reference year 2017-18 was completed in 32 States/ UTs.
Highlights of the 6th Minor Irrigation Census
- Number of minor irrigation schemes: There are 23.14 million minor irrigation schemes in India spread over 695 districts. Of these 21.93 million (94.8%) are groundwater and 1.21 million (5.2%) are surface water schemes. As compared to the 5th Minor Irrigation Census, there is an increase of 6.6% in the number of minor irrigation schemes in the 6th Minor Irrigation Census. Dug wells have the highest share in MI schemes followed by shallow tube wells, medium tube wells and deep tube wells.
- Groundwater-based minor irrigation schemes: Groundwater accounts for a major share (94.8%) of all minor irrigation schemes in India. Among the Groundwater schemes, dug wells and shallow tube wells are declining whereas there is an increase in medium and deep tube wells. Among surface water schemes, the share of surface lift is declining while the share of surface flow schemes is increasing. UP, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Telangana have the greatest number of Groundwater based minor irrigation schemes.
- Surface water-based minor irrigation schemes: Surface lift schemes are declining whereas surface flow schemes are increasing.
- Irrigation Potential Created (IPC) & Utilised (IPU) by minor irrigation schemes: IPC and IPU from groundwater-based schemes have increased while IPC and IPU for surface water schemes have declined during the 6th minor irrigation census. This implies a declining dependency of farmers on surface water schemes and an increasing dependency on groundwater schemes for meeting minor irrigation needs.
- State-wise distribution of minor irrigation schemes: UP has the largest number of minor irrigation schemes (17.2%) followed by Maharashtra (15.4%), MP (9.9%) and Tamil Nadu (9.1%).
- Ownership of minor irrigation schemes: 96.6% of minor irrigation schemes are under private ownership whereas 3.4% are under public ownership. Therefore, most minor irrigation schemes are owned by individuals or groups of farmers. In GW schemes, the share of private ownership is 98.3% while in surface water schemes private ownership stands at 64.2%. For the first time, information on the gender of the owner of the MI scheme was collected. 18.1% of minor irrigation schemes are owned by women.
- Financing of minor irrigation schemes: Own saving of farmers is the major source of financing for installation of minor irrigation schemes. Thus, there is a need for more financial support to farmers by financial institutions.
- Mode of water distribution: There has been an improvement in water use efficiency and a decline in the wastage of water using improved water distribution devices over the years. The use of open channels for conveying water to fields has declined to 42% (though still the most dominant mode). Correspondingly, the share of efficient water distribution systems like surface pipe, underground pipe, drip and sprinklers has increased. Underground pipe has recorded the highest increase followed by surface pipe and drip.
- Lifting devices in minor irrigation schemes: Majority of schemes i.e., 57.6% have submersible pumps followed by 37.1% centrifugal pumps, and 1.9% turbine whereas 3.4% are operated by manual/animal lifting and other devices. 76% of schemes use electricity as a source of energy followed by diesel pumps in 22.2% of schemes.


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Home Our Work Programs Planning & Operations Water Resources Program
The Water Resources Program (Fiscal Years 2019-2021) presents the priority water resources needs of the basin over the next three fiscal years and the key projects
proposed to satisfy those needs, per the
Susquehanna River Basin Compact
requirements and based upon the Comprehensive Plan.
Point of Contact: Jeremy Hoffman
A comprehensive accounting of water use and availability in the basin facilitates sustainable water resources planning.
Point of Contact: Todd Eaby
Efficient and focused regulatory oversight ensures effective and appropriate water resources management.
Point of Contact: John Balay
Expansion of consumptive use mitigation measures will help offset reductions in water availability during droughts
Point of Contact: Jamie Shallenberger
Abandoned mine drainage (AMD) is a major cause of basin stream impairment and targeted restoration projects produce tangible results.
Point of Contact: Ben Pratt
The persistent challenge of flooding in basin communities requires appropriate mitigation planning to minimize ongoing risks to life and property.
Point of Contact: Andy Gavin
Chesapeake Bay states must have strategies in place by 2025 to meet pollutant reduction goals necessary to restore Bay water quality.
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Harrisburg, PA 17110
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Crystal Palace: A History
BBC London's Gary Holland goes back to the year 1854 to find out all about the Palace and the people behind this amazing south London site
The Crystal Palace was a huge glass and iron structure originally built in 1851 for the Great Exhibition held in London's Hyde Park.
Prince Albert, head of the Society of Arts, had the idea of an exhibition to impress the world with Britain's industrial achievements.
Countries including France, the United States, Russia, Turkey and Egypt all attended with exhibits falling into four main categories - Raw Materials, Machinery, Manufacturers and Fine Arts.
The Palace was designed by Sir Joseph Paxton and after the Great Exhibition finished in October 1851 he had the idea of moving it to Penge Place Estate, Sydenham as a 'Winter Park and Garden under Glass'.
Penge Place, now called Crystal Palace Park, was owned by Paxton's friend and railway entrepreneur Leo Schuster.
August 1852 saw the rebuilding work begin and in June 1854 Crystal Palace was re-opened in its new location by Queen Victoria.
The whole building was enormous - 1,848 feet long and 408 feet wide including two huge towers and many fountains with over 11,000 jets rising into the air.
The palace and the grounds became the world's first theme park offering education, entertainment, a rollercoaster, cricket matches, and even 20 F.A. Cup Finals between 1895 -1914.
The site attracted 2 million visitors a year and was also home to displays, festivals, music shows and over one hundred thousand soldiers during the First World War.
Part of the gardens included a prehistoric swamp complete with models of dinosaurs. They were the first prehistoric animals ever built and came only around 30 years after dinosaurs were discovered.
The dinosaur park has recently re-opened after a £4m refurbishment project.
However, the Palace fell into financial ruin and a series of fires spelt the end of this historic building.
Crystal Palace was cursed by bad luck and financial crisis. In 1861 the Palace was damaged by strong winds and on Sunday 30th December 1866 a fire broke out destroying the North End of the building along with many natural history exhibits.
In 1892 one person died from a hot air balloon accident and eight years later another was trampled to death by an escaped elephant.
Although the palace saw many successful years and millions of visitors financial problems plagued the Palace. Its sheer size meant it was impossible to maintain financially and it was declared bankrupt in 1911.
A trust was set up and they soon employed Henry James Buckland as Manager of Crystal Palace.
However, it was the night of 30th November 1936 that saw the most devastation. Henry Buckland and his daughter Crystal, named after his love of Crystal Palace, were out walking their dog and noticed a small fire at the Palace.
This soon escalated and a huge fire broke out across the building. By morning most of the Palace was destroyed. There had been 88 fire engines, 438 officers, men from 4 fire brigades and 749 police officers on duty that historic night.
Some of the original remains that can still be seen today are classed as Grade II* listed. They include terraces, sphinxes and the huge bust of Sir Joseph Paxton.
Other fascinating features include sets of stairs, remains of the aquarium and the base of Isambard Kingdom Brunel's south water tower.


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The Dinner Party Project is a dynamic family-focused food education program involving children (5th-8th graders) in the entire process of producing a dinner party for their families at a school or community center.
Through a fiveto eight-week project, fifth though eighth grade students are taught about nutrition, food safety, meal planning, table setting, etiquette, and cooking. This powerful experience of planning a dinner party also deepens their understanding of the value of community, family, teamwork, and sharing, while building self-esteem and having fun.
The curriculum handbook provides a "Dinner Party Planner" with all the information s/he needs to conduct the program, coordinate with school staff, enlist parental and culinary help, and create local press. Homework assignments are structured to involve parents and families.
The Dinner Party Project began in Spring 2001 in the New York City metro area, and has spread across the nation to 27 U.S. cities serving 6,470 students. There have been more than 50 Dinner Parties conducted in elementary schools, middle schools, a charter school, a community girls club, The Harlem Boys and Girls Choir Academy, and a county extension center.


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Latest Ranger Stories
WOODBRIDGE, ON, April 13, 2015 /CNW/ - Today Earth Rangers announced the results of an Ipsos Reid study on Canadian kids' awareness, attitudes and behaviours towards environmental issues.
NEW YORK, Feb.
BANAFSHEH DANESH & JAVID, P.C.
GREENVILLE, S.C., Dec.
OTTAWA, Nov. 20, 2014 /CNW/ - The Honourable Lisa Raitt, Minister of Transport, today announced the appointment of Captain Allan J.
Earth Rangers Empowers Children to Help Protect Habitat for Native Species WOODBRIDGE, ON, Sept.
GREENVILLE, S.C., Aug.
AUSTIN, Texas, Aug.
In the early days of lunar exploration, no one knew what the surface of the moon was really like. On July 31, 1964, NASA obtained the first close-up photographs of the moon from Ranger 7, a spacecraft that made a historic impact that day.
AUSTIN, Texas, July 31, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- FieldPoint Petroleum Corporation (NYSE/MKT:FPP) today provided an update on recent activity.
- The act of burning, scorching, or heating to dryness; the state or being thus heated or dried.
- In medicine, cauterization.


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Using scientific techniques and cutting-edge equipment, researchers at the Indianapolis Museum of Art
Conservation Science Laboratory have recently solved mysteries about paintings by Vincent van Gogh and Giorgio de Chirico. Since opening in early 2011, the Conservation Science Laboratory has undertaken multiple projects that have provided the museum world with new research, techniques and advances in the field of conservation.
A partnership between the IMA Conservation Science Laboratory and the Cincinnati Art Museum (CAM) has shed new light on the colors that Vincent van Gogh used in his 1890 painting Undergrowth with Two Figures. Van Gogh was known to use vibrant colors in his paintings but many of his works today have lost this original vibrancy. Undergrowth with Two Figures is one such work and during a cleaning of the work, former CAM paintings conservator Per Knutas unearthed miniscule traces of bright pink colorant in areas where the frame covered the edge of the painting. This discovery prompted Knutas to contact Dr. Gregory D. Smith, the IMA Otto N. Frenzel III Senior Conservation Scientist. Smith agreed to help identify the paint colorant used by van Gogh and worked with visiting researcher Dr. Jeffrey Fieberg, Associate Professor of Chemistry at Centre College in Danville, KY, to examine the painting and solve the mystery.
I gladly accepted the challenge to identify the colorant, knowing this project would allow the Conservation Science Laboratory to build ongoing partnerships within the museum community, contribute useful research on paint fading and fully utilize the state-of-the-art instruments available in the lab, Smith said. This project is a shining example of the type of research the lab is equipped to conduct.
Van Gogh painted Undergrowth within the last five weeks of his lifea period when he was known to have used a bright Geranium Lake organic dye and the brilliance of Geranium Lake is short lived when exposed to light. A helpful clue in the process came from a letter written by van Gogh to his brother, Theo, while he was painting the work stating it contained... undergrowth, lilac trunks of poplars, and underneath them some flower-dotted grass, pink, yellow, white and various greens. Since the pink flowers rapidly faded to white, the question addressed by the IMA lab was which flowers were white because of the fading, and which ones were always white.
The painting was brought to the IMA for an in-depth, nondestructive analysis. Smith utilized a small broken paint chip found lodged in the varnish to analyze the dye by Raman microspectroscopya process that collects a characteristic spectral fingerprint from the dye by measuring changes in laser light scattered by the molecules. Comparison of the spectrum to a digital library of thousands of materials identified the dye as eosin, which gives Geranium Lake its vibrant color. After identifying the ink, Smith and Fieberg painstakingly mapped out its location by elemental spectroscopy in the 387 dobs of white paint used by van Gogh to represent the flowers. The team used Adobe Photoshop to record all the spots in which the dyestuff was detected, creating a virtual restoration of the aged painting.
The research collaboration between Smith, Fieberg and CAM is ongoing. An upcoming scholarly publication by the projects core collaborators will make the information more widely known to art history scholars. Smith is now working with forensic scientists at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis to refine the coloration used in the virtual restoration based on actual microcolorimetry measurements of small paint flakes from the van Gogh painting.
Van Gogh said,... in the colours there is adulteration as in wines. How can one judge correctly when, like myself, one knows nothing of chemistry. Although the damage has already been done, through chemistry the IMA is now working to understand the changes in this work and others by van Gogh in the Museums collection and to give todays admirers of his work a more accurate picture of his artworks brilliance.
The Conservation Science Lab did similar work on a Giorgio de Chirico painting from the IMAs permanent collection. IMA Associate Curator for Research, Annette Schlagenhauff, gained assistance from the science lab and conservation imaging specialists while studying the provenance and authenticity of de Chiricos The Mysterious Departure. The piece was taken off view for more than 30 years because of the belief that it might be a forgery. Closer examination revealed a figure study underneath that was characteristic of de Chiricos later works. It is now believed that de Chirico painted this work in the 1930s as a copy of one of his earlier pieces to take advantage of the popularity of this metaphysical style later in his career.
Other ongoing projects in the Conservation Science Lab include:
Developing internship opportunities for high school, undergraduate and graduate students
Offering sabbatical programs for university professors who teach Chemistry of Art courses
Studying fading behaviors in photographs and woodblock prints
Developing non-destructive identification techniques for plastic materials used in modern design objects


2. CARE's policy
2 CARE recognises that humanitarian space is guaranteed to aid workers under Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, and that states have the responsibility to provide the minimum conditions for humanitarians to carry out their work in areas of conflict. To facilitate access to humanitarian space, CARE places a great deal of emphasis on the guiding principles of the humanitarian imperative, independence and impartiality. That is, CARE's relief efforts should be driven by the level of humanitarian need, and CARE should promote and protect its independence and impartiality at all times.
CARE advocates applying a 'quiet diplomacy' approach in cases where humanitarian space is threatened. It can be beneficial to enlist governments as allies and understand how policy instruments might be used to preserve independence and humanitarian space. Based on 'best practice' learned from previous operations, CARE encourages building coalitions with like-minded humanitarian agencies operating in the same 'space'. This strengthens humanitarian operations, maintains humanitarian space and ensures that no agencies' work is undermined. Forming a united group increases the possibility of challenging negative trends that require high levels of advocacy.
CARE's humanitarian space policy promotes a proactive approach to raise concerns related to humanitarian space in UN-led humanitarian system reforms. Reforms of humanitarian coordination and pooled financing should be understood in the context of wider reforms to promote 'coherence' in the UN peace and security architecture. Reforms of UN coordination and civil-military relations (e.g. integrated missions) should support humanitarian principles, rather than subordinate humanitarian responses to political or institutional interests.


How is it that WriteProcessMemory succeeds in writing to read-only memory?
Raymond Chen
When you call WriteProcessMemory and tell it to write to memory that is read-only, the WriteProcessMemory succeeds. How can that be?
Because WriteProcessMemory tries really hard to please you.
As I noted some time ago, the primary audience for functions like CreateRemoteThread and WriteProcessMemory is debuggers. And when debuggers try to patch memory, it's often for things like patching in a breakpoint instruction or doing some edit-and-continue magic. So the WriteProcessMemory tries really hard to get those bytes written. If the page is read-only, WriteProcessMemory temporarily changes the permission to read-write, updates the memory, and then restores the original permission.
"No need to thank me, just trying to help."
There is a race condition if the target process happens to be manipulating the page protection at the same time that WriteProcessMemory is. But that's okay, because the intended audience is debuggers, and debuggers will freeze the target process before trying to edit its memory.
There is no security hole here, because the way the WriteProcessMemory function changes the page protection is basically VirtualProtectEx, so it will succeed only if you already could have modified the protections yourself anyway. If you didn't have permission to change the protections, then WriteProcessMemory's attempt to change the protections would fail too.


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Prosper's new API has key improvements and benefits for Prosper's lenders. Key improvements and benefits for lenders through the new API:
- Expanded access to credit profile data points. The new API offers more than 475 credit bureau variables and more than 550 data points in total.
- Easy access to Notes, with a more comprehensive breakdown of principal, interest and other fees.
- Details down to the individual Note level, including specifics about payments and reason for default.
- Improved filtering and querying that make it easier to use specific criteria to search for Notes. For example, only C rated Notes less than $10,000.
- For lenders that want to build their own tools, they now have access to the data through a RESTful interface.
- The RESTful interface of the API supports OData filter query operations.
- Unique login credentials for API users restricted to reviewing and investing funds only. This means no access to bank information or account settings so you can keep your API tools separate from your Prosper account.
How to access the API:
If you are a lender with Prosper, and are interested in learning more about the API please visit the Api Documentation Page. Obtain access through your account settings right now.