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MAREOGRAF II, sediment glazed stoneware, display case © 2018 Cecilia Jonsson / photo: Bjarte Bjørkum
MAREOGRAF I, custom made tide gauge, sediment, clay © 2018 Cecilia Jonsson / photo: Thor Brødreskift
MAREOGRAF I, custom made tide gauge, sediment, clay © 2018 Cecilia Jonsson
Custom made tide gauge, sediment, clay, stoneware, display case
Commissioned by Volt, initiated and organised by Marie Nerland. Developed in dialogue with the Department of GEOscience and EARTHLAB at the University of Bergen and Cowi AS. Thanks to Elisa Helland-Hansen.
'Mareograph' is a two-part project based on the Bergen City Council's risk assessment of the severely polluted marine environments in Puddefjorden and Store Lungegårdsvann in Bergen. This risk assessment has shown that the sea bed has a very high content of heavy metals and organic pollutants which now form the basis for the Council's extensive clean-up work of the sea bed in the fjord.
In the project, sediment was sampled from various parts of the sea bed in Puddefjorden and Store Lungegårdsvann and applied as a Terra sigillata coat to clay-formed cylinders. These were placed one by one in a selfmade analogue tide gauge, which stood on the Årstad quay in Bergen.
The tidal water was registered in the gauge by the movements of a needle in the rotating sediment cylinders, which were replaced when the water was at its lowest. The six cylinders with sediments were subsequently dried and ceramically fired. The colour spectra in the incised cylinders come from various types of heavy metals, minerals and organic pollutant deposited in the sediments and the ways in which they have reacted to the high temperatures of the ceramic reduction firing.
The first part of the project showed the mareograph station placed on the Årstad quay at the conduit between the inner Puddefjord and the lake Store Lungegårdsvannet between 11 and 13 January. The second part of the project formed a thematically related seminar and a presentation of the ceramic measurement cylinders showed in a display case in the Local History section of the Bergen Public Library.


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Konrad Maurer as a Backer of Icelandic Independence. Konrad Maurer, who was encouraged to study the ancient nordic sources as a student, became soon involved in Iceland's struggle for independence when he was in Denmark to prepare a journey for the purpose of studying the conditions of Icelandic living. His bonds of friendship to Jón Sigurđsson and other learned men and his journey to Iceland in 1858 opened his understanding of Icelandic political problems. In his several writings he fought for the freedom of Iceland with historical arguments. His productions – especially the book "Iceland" (1874) – made him wellknown to the Icelanders and sustained the Icelandic struggle well.
The Zeitschrift für Rechtsgeschichte (ZRG, also known as the Savigny Journal) represents an integral part of European legal history research, having made a significant contribution to the current state of the discipline.
01 Aug 1861
German, French, Spanish, English, Italian
Hans-Peter Haferkamp, Peter Oestmann and Joachim Rückert

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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purpose: Characterization of left ventricular function is important in managing patients with coronary artery disease. Although many methods are available to assess left ventricular function, most are either expensive, invasive, or both. In this study, we examined the ability of normal or near-normal resting electrocardiographic findings to predict resting left ventricular ejection fraction, measured by resting radionuclid angiography, in 874 patients with chest pain and suspected coronary artery disease. patients and methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of 4,410 Mayo Clinic patients who underwent rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography for the evaluation of chest pain and known or suspected coronary artery disease; of these, 874 patients met the inclusion criteria for the current study. A 15-lead electrocardiogram, which was interpreted by the cardiologist or cardiology trainee working in the laboratory, was obtained at the same evaluation as the radionuclide study. results; In 590 patients with no previous history of a myocardial infarction and entirely normal resting electrocardiographic results without non-specific ST-T wave abnormalities, the mean left ventricular ejection franction was 0.63± 0.004, and 559 patients (95%) had a normal resting ejection fraction (defined as 0.50 or more). Both nonspecific ST-T wave abnormalities (p <0.001) and, to a lesser degree, a history of myoacardial infarction (p = 0.06) were independent predictors of an abnormal resting ejection fraction. In 185 patients with non-specific ST-T wave abnormalities and no history of myocardial infarction, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.61 ± 0.009, and 85% had a normal resting ejection fraction. In 36 patients with nonspecific ST-T wave abnormalities and a history of myocardial infarction, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.53 ± 0.021, and 72% had a normal resting ejection fraction. conclusion: Thus, an entirely normal result on an resting 12-lead electrocardiogram in patients with suspected coronary disease but no history of a previous myocardial infarction is a reliable (95%) predictor of normal left ventricular function. If non-specific ST-T wave abnormalities are noted, particularly if there is a history of a previous infarction, to the predictive value of the electrocardiographic findings in diminished.
ASJC Scopus subject areas

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Mushroom Vapes embody a captivating fusion of ancient wisdom rooted in mushroom-based therapies and cutting-edge vaporization technology.
Historically, mushrooms like Chaga, Reishi, and Lion's Mane have been employed for their potential health advantages, ranging from immune support to stress alleviation and cognitive enhancement. The innovation of Mushroom Vapes propels these traditional benefits into the contemporary era by administering mushroom extracts through inhalation.
In this mesmeric assessment, we can embark on an adventure through the numerous and captivating international Mushroom Disposable Vapes, carefully crafted using Inhale Nature.
If you're looking for an exceptional vaping enjoyment that transcends the every day, join us as we explore the melody of flavors, the emblem's particular culture, and the overall symphony that makes these vapes a standout in the enterprise.
Before we dive into our detailed review, let's closely examine the intricacies of mushroom disposable vapes. These innovative vaping pens seamlessly blend the convenience of disposables with the distinct experience of mushroom-infused flavors. Unlike traditional vape pens relying on e-liquids or nicotine, mushroom disposable vapes are meticulously crafted to deliver mushrooms' authentic essence and benefits.
Available in various flavors, each derived from various mushroom strains, these vapes cater to diverse preferences. From earthy and robust to fruity and refreshing, there's a flavor to suit every palate. Popular mushroom flavors include Reishi, Lion's Mane, and Chaga, offering an experience that transcends mere aroma and taste.
These vapes go a step further by being infused with mushroom extracts known for their potential health benefits. The blend of convenience and mushroom flavors positions these disposable vapes as a unique and thrilling choice for vape enthusiasts.
- Experienced Vapers: Mushroom vapes may be suitable for individuals with experience in vaping who are open to exploring unique and innovative products.
- Those Interested in Mushroom-Based Therapies: Individuals curious about or already incorporating mushroom-based therapies into their wellness routines might find mushroom vapes appealing.
- Stress and Wellness Seekers: Mushroom vapes, depending on the specific mushroom extracts used, may attract those seeking stress reduction, cognitive enhancement, or immune support.
One of the primary benefits associated with Mushroom Vapes lies in their capacity to enhance the absorption rate of mushroom compounds. Inhaling these compounds facilitates swift absorption through the lungs, potentially yielding quicker and more effective outcomes when contrasted with conventional methods such as teas or capsules.
Certain mushroom varieties, including Lion's Mane and Cordyceps, are thought to possess neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing attributes. Individuals using Mushroom Vapes frequently report heightened mental clarity, improved focus, and a positive impact on mood. This positions them as a promising choice for those seeking enhancements in mental performance.
Mushrooms like Reishi (Lingzhi) and Chaga boast a rich history of utilization in traditional medicine due to their adaptogenic properties. These properties may assist the body in adapting to stressors and promoting immune system functionality. Mushroom Vapes offer a convenient avenue to integrate these advantageous properties into one's daily routine.
Using any vaping product, including Mushroom Disposable Vapes, raises important health considerations and requires adherence to safety precautions. It's crucial to approach vaping with mindfulness, especially considering potential health impacts. Here's an overview of health considerations and safety precautions when using Mushroomvape:
- Ensure that the ingredients used in the vape product are clearly labeled and transparent. If the product contains mushroom essence or any other specific components, understand their sources and potential effects.
- Be aware of any allergies or sensitivities you may have to the ingredients in the vape product, including mushroom essence. Check the product labeling for allergen information.
- If the vape product contains nicotine, be mindful of the nicotine content. Nicotine is an addictive substance, and excessive intake can lead to adverse health effects.
- Choose products from reputable brands with a history of transparent practices and quality manufacturing. Research customer reviews and brand reputation to ensure you are using a safe product.
- Store your Mushroom Disposable Vapes in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight or extreme temperatures. Proper storage can prevent the degradation of ingredients and maintain product quality.
- Convenient and easy to use
- Unique and natural mushroom flavors
- Potential health benefits from mushroom extracts
- Fewer flavor possibilities than with regular vape pens
- Those who like conventional vape liquids might not find it appealing.
- Not suitable for individuals with mushroom allergies
The disposable Exodus Amanita Complex is designed to awaken your senses and leave you yearning for more. Experience an elevated state of tranquility with these disposables, featuring a blend of HHC, Amanita Complex, and terpenes. Elevate relaxation to a new dimension as stress dissolves away in the rich and calming vapor that surrounds your senses. Given its potency, we strongly recommend starting with 1–3 drags and waiting for 30 minutes to assess your tolerance.
- 2.2-gram Disposable
- USB-C Rechargeable (Cable Not Included)
- Variety of Flavors to choose from
- A blend of Olive Derived HHC, Amanita Multiplex, And Terpenes
- Flavors: Blueberry Blast, Blood Orange, Grape Punch, Strawberry Kiwi, Sour Apple, Orange Pineapple, Sour Mango, Watermelon Lime.
Shroom Puff – Mushroom Vape
Experience a truly distinctive vaping adventure with these exceptional vapes. Designed for ease, each disposable vape is filled with a powerful mixture of active ingredients sourced from mushrooms, meticulously selected to deliver an extraordinary and enchanting experience.
Each vape is enriched with a robust total of 3000mg of these powerful elements, promising an unparalleled journey for enthusiasts seeking a truly unique experience.
- 5 flavors available (Watermelon burst, Strawberry surprise, Pineapple twist, Pure shroom, Blueberry blast)
- 3 grams
- Zero THC vape
Introducing the Dozo Don't Trip Mushroom Extract + THCa Disposable 2.5g – a formidable creation from the Dozo team! Each 2.5g device is a powerful amalgamation enriched with amanita muscaria.
This fusion comprises amanita muscaria extract, THCa diamonds, THCP, THCB, D8, D10, and CDTs. Featuring auto-draw functionality and a mesh coil for optimal vapor production, these devices promise smooth and flavorful hits.
These devices are equipped with a mesh coil, providing improved contact between the wick and wire, along with an increased surface area.
- 2.5g Disposable Vape
- Unique Blend of Amanita Muscaria, THCa Diamonds, THCP, THCB, D8, and D10
- Infused with Live Rosin + CDT Terpenes
- Auto-Draw Mechanism with Mesh Coil and USBC Rechargeable
- Available in 6 Distinct and Delicious Flavors
- Lab Tested for Quality, Potency, and Safety
Amanita Dreams mushroom
The ideal blend of Amanita Muscaria extract for vape juice paired with the perfect hardware designed specifically for Amanita extract oil. Our compact and soft-touch vape technology, which doesn't require a wick, prevents thicker vape solutions from burning the wick and producing an undesirable taste.
The R&M MAGIC 8000 is a rechargeable disposable electronic cigarette featuring a stylish design adorned with popular monster elements. It is equipped with a built-in high-capacity 650 mAh battery and can hold 16 milliliters of electronic liquid oil, allowing for up to 8000 inhalations. This ensures each puff delivers ultimate enjoyment.
- Up to 8000 Puffs
- Draw activate device
- Mesh coil
- 650mAh battery
- 5% Salt Nicotine
- 8000 puffs
- Flavor: Blueberry cherry cranberry, Kiwi passionfruit guava, Blueberry bubble gum, Kiwi strawberry, Gummy bear, Mint, Strawberry raspberry cherry ice.
Reishi Mushroom Extract + Lemoncello Gelato THCa
This cutting-edge cartridge is infused with the goodness of Reishi Mushroom Extract and Lemoncello Gelato THCa Diamonds. What makes it truly special? You get to choose - savor each compound individually or blend them seamlessly using the built-in switch for ultimate control.
Feel the soothing embrace of Reishi, celebrated for its adaptogenic, immune-boosting, and stress-relieving qualities. Meanwhile, let Delta-9 THC work its magic, easing pain, lifting your mood, and inducing a sense of calm. Together, these elements create a harmonious balance, enhancing both your mental and physical well-being
Torch Mind Melt BlendPsychedelic Pineapple
The Torch Mind Melt Blend Disposable offers a unique fusion of THC-A and Mushroom Extract, providing a captivating experience in a user-friendly 3.5-gram device. Easy to activate and hassle-free, this vape ensures an unforgettable, flavor-packed adventure. Crafted with care and premium ingredients, it prioritizes quality in every puff. The Torch Mind Melt Blend Disposable is not just about the experience but also about delivering a journey where flavors, quality, and relaxation converge for an exceptional vaping experience.
It's clear that these fascinating fungi offer so much more than meets the eye. Beyond their culinary delights, mushrooms have found their way into wellness practices, alternative therapies, and even the world of vaping. Whether we're tapping into the ancient healing qualities of Reishi or savoring the unique experience of mushroom-infused vapes, mushrooms bring a blend of tradition and modernity to the table. There's a certain magic in uncovering the adaptogenic wonders and diverse flavors that mushrooms offer.


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Check our schedule of museum events,
including gallery openings, special events and more.
If you have a specific date in mind to visit, try our calendar below.
Events for April 2015
History of the Bowie Knife • Knife Gallery
Learn about the 175-year history of the bowie knife or Arkansas Toothpick, Arkansas's most famous weapon. The story of Jim Bowie, as well as the history and art of bladesmithing are told in the museum's Knife Gallery. The exhibit includes more than 100 historical and modern knives and is the official exhibit for the American Bladesmith Society Hall of Fame.
We Walk in Two Worlds: The Caddo, Osage and Quapaw in Arkansas
Learn the story of Arkansas's first people, in their own words. Those words and more than 150 objects tell teh history of the Caddo, Osage and Quapaw--their arrival, their lives here, their forced removal and how their traditions continue today.
Arkansas Made: Arkansas Made Gallery
For nearly 30 years, Historic Arkansas Museum has collected Arkansas Made. Now we are premiering an Arkansas Made gallery that will showcase those decades of researching and seeking out the art and everyday objects, made in Arkansas, that tell of our state's creativity, artistry, craftsmanship and aesthetic sensibilities.
From a wardrobe made in 1850 by Izard County cabinetmaker John Lancaster to the late 20th century craft revival art baskets of Arkansas Living Treasure Leon Niehaus, this gallery will reflect the rich cultural heritage of Arkansas and its people.
The Great Arkansas Quilt Show 3
Friday, Aug. 8, 2014 - May 3, 2015.
From appliquéd to pieced, from abstract to pattern and from traditional to modern—this exhibit has it all.
The Great Arkansas Quilt Show 3 is a juried quilt show that celebrates contemporary Arkansas quilters and features more than 30 quilts from across the state. You'll be surprised by the variety in size, technique and composition. These quilts are works of art.
Prizes will be awarded opening night for Best of Show, Best Hand Quilting and Best Machine Quilting, as well as awards in the following categories: Pieced, Appliqué, Mixed and Group.
The Great Arkansas Quilt Show 3 continues in the Horace C. Cabe Gallery through May 3, 2015.


Showcase and discover digital art at yex
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ActionScript 2.0 Best Practices
ActionScript 2.0 Best Practices
ActionScript coding conventions are very important for Macromedia Flash designers and developers to ensure that code and applications are structured in a way that is intuitive and beneficial to themselves as well as other people working on the same project. This is particularly important with long code files. When you follow coding conventions, everyone on the design and development team can understand the code and can work more efficiently. This document helps formalize the ActionScript coding process.
The following guidelines encourage consistency for people learning how to write ActionScript code. Adopt best practices at all times, whether you are a designer or developer, or working alone or as part of a team:
 - When you work on ActionScript documents: Adopting consistent and efficient practices helps you speed up your workflow. Additionally, your code is often more portable within the framework of a larger project, and easier to reuse.
 - When you share AS files: Other people editing the document can quickly find and understand ActionScript and consistently modify the code.
 - When you work on applications: Multiple authors can work on an application with fewer conflicts and greater efficiency.
 - When you are learning or teaching ActionScript: Following coding conventions reduces the need to relearn particular methodologies. If students learning ActionScript practice consistent and better ways to structure code, they might learn the language more quickly and with less frustration.
These guidelines relate to the following software:
Flash Professional 8


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Imager shows cross-sections of everyday objects – analog version
GE shows how their body imaging technology can take detailed pictures of insides without cutting, using fruit, a baseball, engine motor, and violin to demonstrate.
Many body imaging devices follow a principle called tomography (the 'T' in CT, PET and SPECT systems), which take images of body "slices" using everything from projection data to powerful magnets. But have you ever wondered how such routine procedures can help clinicians see things that used to require a sharp knife? Watch how GE's body imaging technology can paint a bigger picture of what's happening beneath our skin.
Update: I wasn't paying close enough attention, and it turns out that these are actual, physical sliced objects. Like, with a saw. Now I'm left wondering what the point is.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Born March 3 1818 – Died July 24 1894
Improvement in Rock-Drills
Patent No. 112,254
Simon Ingersoll's practical powered drill played an important role in construction and excavation for more than a century. Percussion drills derived from Ingersoll's design have been used in excavation, mining, tunneling, and highway construction.
By 1870, Ingersoll had invented a drill that replaced hand drilling,
making mining and tunneling much faster and cheaper. Before Ingersoll's
drills, underground drilling was done by striking a length of steel rod
repeatedly with a sledgehammer. Ingersoll's drill surpassed earlier drills
because it rotated the drill after each strike, automatically advancing the
steel. Ingersoll's design also featured an innovative tripod, and was
significantly lighter than other drills. His first design
Born in Stanwich, Connecticut, Ingersoll received an informal grade school education. He received his first patent in 1858 for a steam engine shaft. He developed other inventions over the next ten years, including a scale, a friction clutch, and a latch for gates.


A triptych made from corroded metal
and molten plastic
The process of introspection invokes the inward reflection of thoughts, emotions, beliefs and perceptions. Searching within for the finer details and examining what they mean can lead to a deeper understanding of one's own mental state. Considered a source of knowledge, it has been a subject of philosophical discussion for thousands of years. However, it is acknowledged that not all of mentality is available to be discovered by introspection. The intricate details in the piece come from the degradation of material that creates the colour.
With Hindsight | Losing Perspective | Gaining Insight


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Second Stop: Tamworth
Next on our list was Tamworth Castle, a fine example of Norman construction located next to the River Tame, in the town of Tamworth in Staffordshire, England. While we were staying in Stoke-on-Trent we chose to visit Tamworth simply because it was the closest castle we could find, and still being virgin castle seekers we would have been happy with anything. Luckily, Tamworth Castle turned out to be more than all right. We had a great time patrolling its high, shell wall over-looking the gardens and the river, exploring the old Norman Tower, and finishing with the armoury filled with gleaming medieval weapons and armour.
The original timber fort, on the hill where castle Tamworth now stands, was Mercian built in 913 by Queen Ethelfleda (daughter of Alfred the Great) to help repel the invasion of Danish Viking raiders. The Mercians were an Anglo-Saxon people who were the early settlers of the English Midlands, and Tamworth was where the Mercian's capital city once stood, the seat of their high kings. When the Normans invaded in 1066, William the Conqueror gave the fort to one of his supporters, Robert De Marmion, who rebuilt and enlarged the castle into what you can see today.
Tamworth is considered to be one of the best preserved 'motte-and-bailey' castles, a design introduced to England and Wales by the Normans after their invasion. It was built on raised earthwork, a 'motte', accompanied by an enclosed courtyard, or 'bailey', surrounded by a protective ditch. Motte-and-bailey castles could be constructed extremely quickly with an unskilled workforce (usually slaves), only needed basic materials, and had excellent defensive capabilities despite being cheap to build. Tamworth Castle itself has a stone shell keep with a mighty three story tower known as the Norman Tower (the oldest part of the castle) and a herringbone stone causeway crossing the deep, dry moat.
The middle room of the Norman Tower is said to be haunted by a ghostly nun known as the 'Black Lady of Tamworth'. According to legend, the Black Lady is the spirit of a nun named Editha, who founded her Convent in the 9th century. Long after her death, Robert de Marmion decided to expel the nuns from their convent for one reason or another (just to show how big of a douche-bag he is I suppose). The nuns prayed to their long dead mother Editha to help them, and so with swift justice on her heels, Editha rose from the grave and attacked Robert in his bed one night. She warned him that unless the nuns were restored to their convent, the Baron would meet an untimely death. Just before she vanished the spectre hit the Baron on the side with the point of her crosier, just to help get the point across. The wound from the crosier was so terrible that Marmion's cries awoke the whole castle. His pain only ceased when he conceded and the nuns returned happily to their convent.


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Redisigning the Strategic Managment System in a Time of Fiscal Crisis in Lithuania
Keywords:public management reform, case study of Lithuania, fiscal crisis
AbstractThe aim of the article is to discuss different strategies of managing fiscal crisis and concomitant PM reforms to support austerity measures in Lithuania, underlining strategic management component in particular. The case study of Lithuania is presented and analysed seeking to distil some important conclusions and lessons learned. The Lithuanian government took the following approach to reform the strategic management system in a time of fiscal crisis: introduced effective mechanism to implement policy priorities, changed the way the budgets are allocated from appropriations to budgets based on results and priorities and attempted to enhance results based culture via reform of the civil service system. The Lithuanian government decided on a small handful of policy priorities and was relatively successful at establishing an effective mechanism for the formulation and implementation of these priorities, however, the efforts to introduce senior civil service as an important target group for advancing coordination and overcoming sectorial boundaries was not successful.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
My English teacher ripped our heads off if we tried to explain something that we couldn't really describe by adding "something like that".
Sample: "This is a board game or something like that".
What are the better alternatives? "Something similar"?
share|improve this question
Your teacher could answer this better than EL&U – tenfour Mar 26 '11 at 0:06
My last English lesson was 9 years ago so I can't ask anymore :) – WarrenFaith Mar 26 '11 at 1:09
As the other have suggested, there is nothing idiomatically wrong with "something like that", though "something similar" might be more common in a sentence like yours. – Cerberus Mar 26 '11 at 2:03
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1 Answer
up vote 5 down vote accepted
"Something similar" is okay, and perhaps slightly better, but I don't think the phrasing was what made your teacher mad. Using "or something similar" does not explain something you couldn't really translate; it just is noise, and does not add anything. Leave it off.
share|improve this answer
This is pretty much it. I think your teacher is trying to get you to put more thought into your explanations. – Yozomiri Mar 26 '11 at 0:00
_USER_: You're not the only one :) Many of my teachers hated that phrase, as well. Even my physics teacher would not have his students reply any question whatsoever using that phrase. For instance, one could hear the following exchange: "Are you in [...]'s class?" "Something like that, sir." Absolument ridicule. Yes, avoid it like the plague! – Jimi Oke Mar 26 '11 at 0:06
hm... that makes completely sense... thank you! – WarrenFaith Mar 26 '11 at 1:11
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Your Answer


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What is pentalead tetraoxide sulphate?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate is an inorganic compound composed of lead, oxygen, and sulfur. It is a yellow-orange solid that is insoluble in water.
Where is pentalead tetraoxide sulphate used?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate is used as a pigment in paints, inks, and plastics, and as a catalyst in the production of polymers. It is also used in the production of glass and ceramics.
How is pentalead tetraoxide sulphate used in the food industry?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate is used as an antioxidant in the food industry to prevent oxidation of food products and to extend their shelf life.
Benefit for pentalead tetraoxide sulphate health?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate has been found to have a number of health benefits, including reducing inflammation, improving cardiovascular health, and helping to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
What are the dangers of pentalead tetraoxide sulphate?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate is a toxic substance that can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Inhalation of the dust can cause coughing, sneezing, and difficulty breathing. Ingestion of the substance can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects, such as liver and kidney damage.
How is pentalead tetraoxide sulphate regulated across the world?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate is regulated differently across the world. In the United States, it is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). In the European Union, it is regulated by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. In Canada, it is regulated by the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA).


text: Cab filtration systems can be used to protect vehicle operators from hazardous air contaminants. In a cab filtration system, a fan draws air through filters and pressurizes the cab with this filtered air. This article describes the application of a low-cost, optical particle counter to evaluate the performance of tractor cab filtration systems. The tractors were equipped with environmental enclosures to protect the operators from pesticide exposures that occur during air blast spraying in orchards. Prior to testing, all environmental tractor cabs underwent a complete maintenance overhaul followed by a careful inspection by the manufacturer's field representative. As part of this maintenance effort, 13 tractors with cab filtration systems were tested in an enclosure. A Met One model 227B two-channel optical particle counter was used to measure the aerosol concentration outside and inside the cab. Ambient aerosol and/or aerosol generated by burning incense sticks were used to challenge the stationary cab filtration system in an enclosure. The ratio of the outside to inside concentration (Co/Ci) is the exposure reduction attained by the cab system. Alternatively, the inside concentration divided by the outside concentration times 100 (Ci/Co x 100) gives the percent penetration. All 13 tractors were tested for leak sites. Leak sites were identified and sealed. This process was repeated until each cab showed an exposure reduction ratio Co/Ci of at least 50 (aerosol penetration into the cab Ci/Co x 100 was less than 2%) at the 0.3-0.5 microm particle size interval.


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Drivers of red cars are more likely to find themselves cleaning off bird poop than those who drive a different color car, according to research reported in the Daily Mail.
Commissioned by the car accessory company Halfords, scientists looked at 1,140 vehicles in British cities like Brighton, Glasgow, Leeds, Manchester and Bristol.
They found that red cars were most often found covered in bird droppings - 18 percent - while green cars were the least likely – 1 percent.
The scientists say there isn't a concrete reason why red cars are the most-dropped on, but it might be because birds see the red as something representing danger.
· Red - 18 %
· Blue - 14 %
· Black - 11 %
· White - 7 %
· Grey/Silver - %
· Green - 1 %
The study also looked at how quick drivers were to clean the droppings off.
Only 17 percent said they wiped the poo off as soon as they saw it. Twenty percent said they cleaned it within a couple of days, while 55 percent said they waited until it was time for their next regular car wash.
Eight percent said they never wash their cars.


toronto history
How Toronto got its name
The name Toronto was first applied to a narrow stretch of water between Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching.
The word, Anglicized from Mohawk, was spelled tkaronto and taronto and used to describe an area where trees grow in shallow water.
lake toronto map
Evidence of early usage of the Taronto.
The name, misunderstood and confused by various old-world explorers, bounced around the area between Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron. On various early maps it was applied to a canoe trail on the Humber River and Lake Simcoe itself.
Later, the Humber River, before it was named by John Graves Simcoe after a tidal estuary in northeast England, was called Rivière Taronto after the Portage Trail.
As the Humber carried south the water of countless creeks and streams, it also brought the Toronto name to the Lake Ontario shore.
toronto lac
The word Toronto essentially traveled down the Portage Trail to the area that now bears its name.
The first colonial settlement on this part of Lake Ontario was Fort Rouillé, a French trading post depicted in drawings with a high wooden fence at what is now Exhibition Place, just beyond the foot of Dufferin Street.
The Seneca-Mohawk villages of Teiaiagon and Ganatsekwyagon (precise English spellings vary) were within today's city limits at the mouths of the Humber and Rouge rivers respectively.
The small complex - alternatively known as Fort Toronto - was founded in 1750 and contained a soldier's quarters, kitchen, a forge, and an ammunition store.
It and Magasin Royale, another earlier fortification on the Humber River near Old Mill, were built to attack vessels servicing a rival British trading post at Oswego, N.Y..
Rouillé was abandoned and burned by its own troops retreating at the end of the Battle of Quebec in 1759, a key battle that led to France ceding much of its land claims in North America.
fort rouille
Early view of the Garrison at Toronto.
34 years later, John Graves Simcoe, ordered a garrison built at what is now Fort York at the mouth of Garrison Creek. The English military leader believed the location inside the enclosed Toronto harbour would be easy to defend.
The Islands wouldn't become separated from the mainland for another 65 years.
The town of Dublin, renamed York by Simcoe for Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, the second son of then-King George III, developed on the waterfront to the east of the military base.
toronto fort york
View of the Garrsion prior to what survives at present day Fort York.
Prior to the construction of Fort York, a second encampment would be built on the other side of Garrison Creek. This short-lived base was destroyed in 1813 during the Battle of York. During the fight, the British army were forced to retreat to Kingston, leaving its armed citizens in the streets.
Before abandoning their garrison, the British set light to their artillery storage area and a ship, the HMS Sir Isaac Brock, under construction at the docks. The gigantic explosion that tore through the fort as the gunpowder ignited killed 38 soldiers, including American leader Zebulon M. Pike, and wounded 222 more.
The Americans occupied York for less than a week before deciding to leave with goods looted from across the town. Despite the wishes of their leader, the Americans raided and burned several buildings, including the town's printing press and Legislative Assembly building for Upper Canada, located on Front Street between Berkeley and Parliament streets.
The town was retaken by the British when the Americans departed for their original position further down the shore. The returning troops built what is present day Fort York near the destroyed garrison and repelled several raids in 1813 and 1814.
toronto front street
The modest beginnings of the town of York.
The town of York recovered from its temporary occupation and grew to surround the old fort. In 1834 the province's legislative council, the leaders of the area around what had become the largest city in Upper Canada, voted to incorporate the community as a city.
A group of local citizens thought then was as good a time as any to re-brand the community. The name Toronto, then recognized as an alternative name for the region, was favoured over York partly because the original York in England was considered so grim.
William Bent Berczy, a member of the Legislative Committee representing Kent, said Toronto had a "musical sound" and was " in every respect much better" than the original title. The others largely agreed, and the city of Toronto was officially founded that same year.
The York name lives on in East York, North York, York Region and the countless other York-related streets and communities in the GTA, while Toronto has continued to travel.
Cities named Toronto in the United States, Australia, and U.K. all derive their name from that narrow stretch of water near Orillia.
Lead photo by
_USER_. Writing by Chris Bateman.
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The research methodology and philosophy is based on idealist ontology and interpretivist epistemology. The research used a mixed methods measure up to both qualitative and quantitative data through the questionnaires answers, in-depth interviews, field observations and provide by company materials.
The data was analysed using a phenomenological measure to focusing on the phenomena uncovered by the research through deductive thematic analysis and accordingly identifying contents from the discoveries.
In the discovery chapter mentioned the data uncovered from the various research methods in detail. The first chapter explains the sample, and then particularly focuses on the main contents and discoveries from the interviews. The second chapter reviews the discovers relating to the integrated marketing communication material used by the case study NIKE CHINA company.
The discussions chapter gives a comprehensive analysis of the literature review and the discoveries from the data collection to give a detailed interpretation of the theoretical concepts in relation to the applied international business market and Chinese market. The role of Chinese culture in interpretation of the different styles of communication mentioned in this research thesis.
The introduction specified a summary of the research case study to be able to give a synopsis of the in-depth literature, research methodology, findings and discussions. This research case study will merit to people who want to communicate Chinese customer in the efficiently way. This research also aimed to advance integrated marketing communication guidelines for international corporate or brand extend the market in China or entering the Chinese market. The literature review to lead specific describe more clarify the theories and research findings relevant in order to demonstrate a structure for the study.


Choosing the Right Aluminium Square Profile for Your Project
 - By:Naview
 - Date:2024-05-09
Aluminium square profiles offer a versatile and durable solution for various construction and industrial applications. Their strength, lightweight, and corrosion resistance make them ideal for projects requiring structural support, framing, and aesthetic appeal. Choosing the right aluminium square profile for your project requires careful consideration of several key factors.
Size and Dimensions
The size and dimensions of the aluminium square profile play a crucial role in determining its load-bearing capacity and overall stability. Common sizes range from 10mm x 10mm to 150mm x 150mm. Thicker profiles offer higher strength and rigidity, while thinner ones provide better flexibility and ease of handling. The lengths of aluminium square profiles can vary greatly, allowing for customization according to project needs.
Wall Thickness
The wall thickness of an aluminium square profile refers to the thickness of its sides. It directly affects the profile's strength and weight. Profiles with thicker walls can withstand higher loads, but they are also heavier and more expensive. Conversely, thinner walls provide greater flexibility and reduce overall weight. The choice of wall thickness depends on the specific load requirements and structural considerations of the project.
Alloy Composition
Aluminium square profiles are commonly made from various aluminium alloys, such as 6061, 6063, and 6082. Each alloy has unique properties that determine its suitability for different applications. For example, 6061 alloy offers high strength and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for structural components. 6063 alloy is more flexible and easier to extrude, ideal for architectural purposes.
Surface Treatment
Aluminium square profiles can undergo various surface treatments to enhance their appearance and performance. Anodizing creates a protective oxide layer that improves corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Powder coating provides a durable and decorative finish that can be customized to match specific design requirements. Other surface treatments include brushed, matte, or polished finishes.
Weight and Load Capacity
The weight of an aluminium square profile is a critical factor to consider, especially for projects involving transportation or overhead installations. Heavier profiles provide greater strength but may require additional support or reinforcement. The load capacity of a profile depends on its size, wall thickness, and alloy composition. Careful calculations are necessary to ensure that the selected profile can adequately support the applied loads.
Conclusion
Choosing the right aluminium square profile for your project involves a thorough evaluation of its size, wall thickness, alloy composition, surface treatment, weight, and load capacity. By considering these factors, you can optimize the structural integrity, performance, and aesthetic appeal of your project while ensuring cost-effectiveness and compliance with industry standards.
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Introduction to knowledge about electric wrenches
? Nowadays, there are many kinds of tools and tools on the market. Electric wrenches are a kind of tools with high frequency of use, mainly impact wrenches, corner wrenches and angle wrenches, etc., which are mainly used in engineering construction and home decoration. As the most common tool, the electric wrench has a good appearance, easy to carry, convenient and practical. Next, we will introduce the application scope and performance of the electric wrench. Scope of application Electric wrenches are mainly used in the steel structure installation industry. They are specially used to install high-strength steel structure bolts. High-strength bolts are used to connect steel structure contacts, usually in the form of bolt groups. High-strength bolts can be divided into two types: torsional shear type and large hexagonal type. The national standard torsional shear type high-strength bolts are M16, M20, M22, and M24. The non-national standard M27 and M30 are two types; the national standard large hexagonal high-strength bolts are M16 and M20. , M22, M24, M27, M30, etc. Generally, the tightening of high-strength bolts must be tightened first and then tightened, and each step requires strict torque requirements. Both the initial tightening and the final tightening of the large hexagon high-strength bolts must use constant torque wrenches, so various electric wrenches come for various tightening needs. Effect Impact electric wrenches are mainly for initial tightening of bolts. Its use is very simple, just align the bolts and pull the power switch. The electric torsion shear wrench is mainly for tightening the torsion shear type high strength bolt. Its use is to align the bolt and pull the power switch until the torx head of the torsion shear type high strength bolt is interrupted. Electric constant torque wrench can be used for initial tightening and final tightening. Its use is to adjust the torque first and then tighten the bolts. The electric corner wrench is also a kind of fixed torque wrench. Its use is to adjust the degree of rotation first, and then tighten the bolt. The electric angle wrench is a kind of electric wrench specially used to fasten the bolts at the angle part of the steel frame. Its use is the same as the principle of the electric torsion shear wrench. Practical performance Electric torsional shear wrench, as the name implies, is an essential tool for torsion shearing torx head bolts. It helps you install and remove bolts and nuts, and can control the tightening torque more accurately. Using the fixed torque of the bolt, when the wrench reaches a certain torque, the torx head portion of the bolt can be cut. The torque accuracy and axial tensile force are guaranteed by the V-cut of the fixed torque of the bolt. The disassembly and assembly torque is large, which is more safe and reliable than manual.


Home > Wildlife > Cool Articles > How To: Spot a Jaguar in the Wild
How To: Spot a Jaguar in the Wild
Although the chances of spotting a Jaguar in the wild are slim, many guides and guests have stories and pictures to prove that if you are very lucky, it can happen. Here are some things you can do to increase your odds of seeing the largest cat in the Amazon in its natural habitat.
 1. Take a trip to the Tambopata Research Center (TRC). While staying at Refugio Amazonas you only have a 2% chance of seeing a Jaguar and an even lesser 1% percent chance at Posada Amazonas, at TRC, your odds increase to 12%.
 2. Hop in a boat. The best place to spot a jaguar is the river bank. In the jungle they camouflage very well and can be nearly impossible to notice. Also, Jaguars prefer to river banks to rest and find their food which consists of capybara, deer, peccaries, turtles, caimans, birds, agouties, and fish.
 3. Be very quiet and stay still. Jaguars have binocular and color vision and a heightened sense of hearing. In most cases they are able to detect humans before we can spot them.
 4. Go looking during the day. The jaguar is active 60% of the day and unlike the the Puma and Ocelot, who only hunt at night, the Jaguar can look for food during the day.
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The 1st millennium in North American history provides a time line of events occurring within the present political boundaries of United States (including territories) from AD 1 through 1000 in the Gregorian calendar. Although this time line segment may include some European or other world events that profoundly influenced later American life, it focuses on developments within Native American (and Polynesian) communities. Because the indigenous peoples of these regions lacked a written language, we must glean events from the admittedly very incomplete archaeological record and place them in time through radiocarbon dating techniques.
Because of the inaccuracies inherent in radiocarbon dating and in interpreting other elements of the archaeological record, most dates in this time line represent approximations that may vary a century or more from source to source. The assumptions implicit in archaeological dating methods also may yield a general bias in the dating in this time line.


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DOI
Interference can be defined as the reduction of intake rate caused by the presence of congeneric individuals. However, surrounding congeneric individuals may also accelerate food depletion. Therefore, it is difficult to quantify interference (contest) and exploitative (scramble) competition separately, particularly in the field. In an individual-based model, where food was immediately replenished in patches after a foraging bout, we isolated the effect of interference competition. In this way, we investigated how interference shapes the intake rates of flocking Bewick's swans, Cygnus bewickii, consuming tubers of fennel pondweed, Potamogeton pectinatus. The model predicted that intake rate declines with increasing swan density, and that the rate of decline is greater in subordinate birds than in dominant birds. Subordinate birds suffered a large reduction in intake rate at high densities because they spent a large proportion of the time avoiding more dominant individuals. A major decline in intake rate of subordinates occurred close to the maximum swan densities observed in the field. We expected subordinates to leave high-density flocks and look for another foraging location: interference competition seemed to regulate the maximum swan flock density in the field. Hence, the mean population intake rate at realized densities was only slightly lower than in the absence of interference. As interference occurred mainly as avoidance behaviour, which is difficult to observe in the field, it might commonly remain cryptic for the observer. Our results may explain other field studies where interference competition seemed to be of lesser importance.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)791-797
JournalAnimal Behaviour
Volume80
Issue number5
DOI
StatePublished - 2010
ID: 254429


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Introduction to the hat matrix in regression
What is the Hat matrix (known in econometrics as the projection matrix ) in regression?
The geometry of the Hat matrix in regression.
How does the Hat matrix gets its name?
Interpretation of the Hat matrix in bivariate (simple linear) regression
Having shown my students the geometric interpretation of what the Hat matrix does, I had one student who came stuck after trying to get the picture in his head for the case of a bivariate regression – I could see how he was thinking – and I am sure he is not the only one who gets stuck with this. So let me share with you his question, and resolve it.
Properties of the Hat matrix with proofs
The hat matrix (projection matrix in econometrics) is an orthogonal projection.
Hat matrix is an orthogonal projection
I have yet to explain the difference between a projection, and an orthogonal projection, and this is something I do now. We are interested only in orthogonal projections, not any old projection. I shall explain: difference between these 2 projections; linear algebra properties of these 2 projectionsintuitively why is a projection matrix idempotent? All this is explained using the Hat matrix.
Projection and orthogonal projections
A matrix is a projection matrix if and only if it is idempotent; a matrix is an orthogonal projection if and only if it is symmetric and idempotent.
The idempotent property makes any projection matrix positive semi definite. The symmetric property is used in the proof but isn't required as a condition (if I understand correctly) as the symmetric condition is implicit in the quadratic form, by which I mean that in a quadratic form, x'Ax, even if A is not symmetric it may be written equivalently as a quadratic form with a symmetric matrix, namely:
Because of this when we look at quadratic forms, we can just study the cases for symmetric matrices.
How is it that the Hat matrix projects a vector on to the column space spanned by X?
So we know that a projection matrix is a linear transformation that takes a vector and puts it into the space spanned by the column vectors in the matrix. But the Hat matrix is a function of the Xs. So how can we say that the Hat matrix projects a vector onto the column space spanned by the vectors in matrix X? Shouldn't it be that H projects a vector onto the space spanned by the vectors v, where v s are the vectors in the H matrix? This is something I had been puzzled about – and I would have loved to have heard the explanation in my econometrics classes – something that never happened. (Closest I got to an explanation was in my 2nd year linear algebra class). Sit back and watch while I tell you one of my favourite stories.


hock peening.
Another advantage of using low energy lasers is that they are typically more robust industrial tools. Typically, a maintenance cycle for a low energy lamp pumped laser may be in excess of one million pulses and can approach tens of millions ofpulses. A typical maintenance cycle for the high energy laser is about tens of thousands of shots, approaching 50 thousand. Thus, factoring in the 16.7 times the number of pulse required for the low energy laser and a conservative maintenance cycle of10 million pulses versus a 50 thousand pulse maintenance cycle for the high energy laser, the low energy laser should require service less often than the high power laser, perhaps by a factor of 10.
Another advantage of the low energy laser that is more difficult to factor is the complexity of the system. The low energy laser will have three or four small laser heads, 6 or 8 flash lamps and comparably smaller power supplies. The highenergy laser may have a minimum of 5 heads, four of which will be relatively large and correspondingly large power supplies and 10 to 18 flash lamps. Some high energy lasers disclosed elsewhere, have as many as 14 heads, 10 large power supplies, andwill exceed 40 flash lamps (a high maintenance item in any laser system). Any laser process depends on the successful functioning of all elements of the system: heads, lamps, power supplies and controllers. The sheer number of wearable parts in thehigh energy lasers and the long term number of pulses required to process large quantities of components, make the reliability of the high energy laser suspect, relative to the less complex low energy laser.
Another advantage of the low energy laser is cost and delivery. One illustrative comparison found that the low energy laser can be procured in approximately 90 days from one of several vendors at a cost of approximately $100,000. A typical LSPsystem would require two low energy lasers for a total cost of $200,000. The high energy lasers were approximated to cost in excess of $1,000,000 and can approach $4,000,000 and could require over 6 months and sometimes over a year to acquire. Beingspecialized designs, the high energy lasers require specialized spare parts that can also require long lead time items and are more expensive.
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described fully in order to explain its principles, it is understood that various modifications or alterations may be made to the preferred embodiment without departing from thescope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
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Meaning of (धाँख) dhaँkha in english - (धाँख) Dhaँkha meaning
Meaning of (धाँख) dhaँkha in english
Suggested : the act of exalting an odd or capricious notion or desire a sudden or freakish fancy a sudden, unpredictable change, as of one's mind or the weather a sudden, strong blast of wind imagination or fantasy, especially as exercised in a capricious manner
Exampleधाँख का हिन्दी मे अर्थ
Word of the day 17th-Jun-2021
Usage of धाँख: 1. What a fancy to you taken? He ridiculous fantasies 2. The exaltation of spirits 3. move also told of ideas, feelings and Exciter means, give some impulse to act
(धाँख) dhaँkha can be used as noun. and have more than one meaning. No of characters: 4 including consonants matras. The word is used as Noun in hindi and falls under Masculine gender originated from Hindi language. Transliteration : dhaaँkha
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RPC Photon Beam Meeting Summary 4/17/02 Attendees: W. Olson, R. Arnold, S. DeBarger, R. Erickson, D. Walz Items Discussed: 1. The SLC arc power supply can be configured to supply enough power to the dump magnets for any dump angle. 2. A meeting has been set for Monday April 22nd to determine the beam-dump angle. Various bend angles were discussed, but the conclusion depends on the location of C37 and the sweep magnet. E. Jensen will be enlisted to make layouts showing how far down-beam C37 and the sweep magnet can realistically be placed. Ray will continue to look at the physics implications of the different beam angles under discussion. 3. Roger and Scott identified the likely sweep magnet candidate as B34. It is capable of 51 KG-M at 1000 amps. The current set of cables would carry the load if they were in the open. Since they're in cable trays with other cables, an additional pair of cables will have to be pulled to safely carry the 1000 amps. 4. Ray needs the position of the first two dump magnets defined before he can design the ION detectors properly. 5. Dieter and Bruno are designing the beam dump toroids. 6. The dump collimator was discussed. It will be water-cooled and approximately 20 radiation lengths long. The aperture can't be determined until the beam dump angle is defined. This also affects the wire array design. 7. Funding is available to wind the dump magnet coils. Winding will start as soon as the coil-winding machine is available; probably in June. Bill Olson


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The purpose of this research was to measure university students' perceived risk of diabetes and self-reported diabetes risk factors. Informed consent forms and survey questionnaires were distributed to students in randomly sampled courses (n=357), with students aged 18 to 24. Out of the 357 surveys completed, 325 surveys were used for analysis of this study. Forty-eight percent of participants between ages 18 to 24 perceived themselves at minimal risk for developing type II diabetes. Sampled participants reported a mean of 2.25 (type II) diabetes risk factors out of 18 diabetes risk factors. Additionally, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the number of risk factors reported among perceived risk groups, with the exception of the no risk and minimal risk groups, who reported average of 1.92 risk factors. Among racial groups, there were no significant differences (p<0.05) in the number of risk factors reported. Result corresponds with university students' perception of diabetes, as concerns for developing type II diabetes is not critical or top priority while in higher education (Dong-Chul, 2008). Students' perception may also indicate that they are not knowledgeable about diabetes and diabetes risk factors. Health educators should create awareness about the development of diabetes at an earlier age. It is imperative to start educating university students about diabetes prevention and other health complications that can result from being overweight or obese. With 34% of university students overweight or obese, health educators should create educational materials (tailored to university-aged students) to encourage making healthy dietary choices and engaging in frequent physical activity.
Hans-Peter de Ruiter
Date of Degree
Master of Science (MS)
Allied Health and Nursing
Shodunke, Ajibike R., "Sampled University Students' Perceived Risk of Diabetes & Self-reported Diabetes Risk Factors" (2014). All Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects. 316.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License


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The project involves the installation of signalling, electrification and ETCS Level 1 systems on the existing single-track railway line Paleofarsalos – Kalampaka, approx. 80 km long.
The project involves the installation of signalling, electrification and ETCS systems on the existing single-track railway line Larissa – Volos, approx. 61 km long.
The project involves the rail connection of Lavrio city and port with the existing suburban line from Koropi Railway Station, totalling 32 km.
he project involves upgrading the existing railway line from Acharnes Traffic Center (SKA) to the existing Railway Station of Inoi, totalling approx. 52 km.
The project involves the construction of a four-track rail corridor, 2,36 km long, of which 1.330m consists of a fully underground alignment.
The project involves all the necessary works for the completion of the central Athens Railway Station, part of which has been developed with previous contracts.
The Trans-European System ERTMS (European Railways Traffic Management System) which comprises the systems ETCS (European Traffic Control System) and GSM – R (Global System Mobile for Rail), radically enhances traffic safety, while at the same time ensuring the interoperability between railway networks as required by the European Union.
The project includes the construction of a new line (deviation) in the section Polykastro-Eidomeni, approximately 21 km long, of the Thessaloniki-Eidomeni line, with signalling, telecommunications and electrification.
The project involves the elimination of the existing level crossing for vehicles and pedestrians at Ch. 0+902,10 of the Thessaloniki – Florina railway line.
The project involves the construction of infrastructure for the new 10,5 km double-track railway line in the section Psathopyrgos – Patras (Bozaitika area) of the Athens – Patras railway.


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Option to tax planning
What you need to know – VAT and property – 'Option to tax'
The option to tax allows a business to charge VAT on the sale or rental of commercial property, or in other words, to make a taxable supply from what otherwise would be a VAT exempt supply.
An important feature of the option to tax regulations is that they apply to a property for a 20-year period once an election has been made by a business. However, once that 20-year period has expired, income from either renting or selling the property can again be exempt from VAT rather than standard-rated if the business revokes its option with HMRC.
The option to tax regulations were actually introduced in 1989 so each day more options to tax are eligible for revocation.
The paperwork to revoke an option is relatively simple but the ramifications of failing to do so or making the wrong decision can be huge.
Our VAT team explain in what circumstances 'opting to tax' might be appropriate and why it is imperative to get it right at the outset.
Option to tax – the basics
If you have an interest in commercial property, which you use for your own business purposes and don't rent it to others, it is unlikely that you will need to opt to tax the property.
However, if you wish to generate additional income from the land and/or property by renting it out to others, subletting part of it or indeed disposing of it altogether, you should consider whether or not an option to tax should be made.
There are pros and cons of opting to tax and in view of the large sums often involved in the purchase and sale of commercial property, it is essential to take specialist VAT advice.
The option to tax is a useful tool which allows input tax recovery that would not be possible without the option to tax being made. Essentially, it creates the ability to recover VAT on related costs by turning an exempt supply – on which you can't recover any VAT – into a taxable supply on which you can recover associated VAT.
An option to tax has no effect for some types of land and buildings. The option can still be exercised on these, but it has no effect, and sales and lettings remain exempt or, in some cases, zero-rated. These include buildings or parts of buildings used as dwellings, used solely for residential or charitable purposes or for individuals to build their own dwellings.
Opting to tax – a simple example
A simple example of where it might be appropriate to opt to tax is as follows:
Mr Jones purchases a commercial property for £500,000 with the intention of renting it out and is automatically charged standard rate VAT on the purchase price – £100,000.
The reason Mr Jones is charged VAT is either because the property is a commercial building that is less than three years old (classed as 'new' in the legislation) or the seller had an option to tax in place.
If Mr Jones rented out the property without doing anything he would not be able to reclaim this VAT because the rental income is exempt from VAT.
In fact, Mr Jones choses to opt to tax the property and rents out the property to Smith Ltd for £25,000 plus VAT. Smith Ltd is not concerned about the VAT charge – it gets full input tax recovery on its costs, but the option to tax election means that Mr Jones can now claim input tax on the cost of the building, including on any professional fees associated with the purchase and any future expenses he incurs.
If at a later date Mr Jones decides to sell the property he will have to charge VAT on the disposal, although the transaction may be eligible for treatment as outside the scope of VAT as the sale of a property letting business.
Opting to tax is a commercial decision
There are many factors to be taken into account when deciding whether to exercise the option to tax though, including:
- was VAT actually incurred in the purchase price
- is the property subject to the Capital Goods Scheme – if so, not opting to tax the property could render you liable to repay HMRC some or all of the VAT recovered on property costs through Capital Goods Scheme adjustments.
- is the lease you intend to grant tenant repairing?
- is the tenant or future purchaser likely to be in a position to recover any or all VAT charged on any rental or sale?
Once made, an option to tax can only be revoked in limited circumstances otherwise, it remains in place for 20 years. If the property has previously been leased out as exempt, then permission to opt may be required from HMRC.
Revoking an option to tax
As Options to Tax have now come of age – i.e. where they have been in place for more than 20 years, it is now possible to revoke one which was made more than 20 years ago.
Certain conditions must be met though, and advice should be taken in respect of future exempt supplies and how that might impact on input VAT recovery.
HMRC's permission is needed to revoke the option rather than it being an automatic right for a taxpayer when the 20-year period has expired and they will need to be convinced that there has been no tax loss caused by anti-avoidance.
However, it is not always necessary to wait 20 years. Our team have successfully completed option to tax revocations within the 6 month cooling off period and also under the 20 year limit.
In the case of a property purchase the revocation of the option to tax by the seller can result in VAT and SDLT savings for the buyer. The sale of an unopted property can be much more attractive if no VAT has to be added to the selling price.
VAT and property is an extremely complex subject, and with significant sums of tax involved, it's imperative to get expert specialist advice.
The information was correct at time of publishing but may now be out of date.


text: This paper presents a statistical measure for the identification of the presence, the location, and the calibration of the strength of singularity in a signal or in any of its derivatives in the presence of measurement noise without the requirement of a baseline using a wavelet based detection technique. For this proposed wavelet based detection of singularities present in a signal, the problem of false alarm and its significant reduction by use of multiple measurements is presented. The importance of the proposed measure on baseline and nonbaseline damage calibration has been discussed from the aspect of structural health monitoring. The findings in this paper can also be used for cross-checking of background noise level in an observed signal. The detection of the existence, location, and extent of an open crack from the first fundamental modeshape of a simply supported beam is presented as an example problem.


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Sid the Science Kid, from the PBS hit series, is now starring in a game available for your iPad and iPhone. Sid's Science Fair is a lovely app aimed toward reinforcing math and science skills for children between the ages of 3 and 6.
Sid's teaching style takes advantage of upbeat music and colorful graphics, making it very engaging for young children and a perfect translation to mobile devices.
Your children can learn along-side all of their favorite characters Gabriela, May and Gerald from the show, with instructions for the activities being spoken clearly and coming with constant encouragement and help. Three different exhibits with several options inside each gives a lot of opportunity for learning and playing.
Sid is a very inquisitive little boy, always asking questions and thinking out loud in a way that you hope your child will adopt. The language used inside this app is basic enough that younger kids will be able to understand without talking down to them.
My daughter loves Sid and I encourage that because the show teaches children to understand the world around them, using examples that stem from real life events and situations that they will really encounter.
Airing weekdays on PBS Kids, Sid the Science Kid is the result of a joint venture between Carstens Studios, PBS and the Jim Henson Company.
What I liked: As a parent I appreciate games that are fun in a way that also teaches something, especially for younger children, because so much is aimed for those that are older.
What I didn't like: I wish there were more modules for this app, even if you had to purchase them separately as add-ons.
To buy or not to buy: If your child will be as thrilled as mine to recognize and interact with Sid, you won't be able to turn this one down.
- App Name: Sid's Science Fair
- Version Reviewed: 1.1
- Category: Books
- Developer: eMotion Tales
- Price: $2.99


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When presenting projects in competitive design environments, how you say something is as important as what you're actually saying. Projects are increasingly complex and designers are working from more sources, and many designers are familiar with the struggle to harness this information and craft a meaningful and engaging story from it.
Telling the Design Story: Effective and Engaging Communication teaches designers to craft cohesive and innovative presentations through storytelling. From the various stages of the creative process to the nuts and bolts of writing for impact, speaking skills, and creating visuals, Amy Huber provides a comprehensive approach for designers creating presentations for clients. Including chapter by chapter exercises, project briefs, and forms, this is an essential resource for students and practicing designers alike.
Amy M. Huber is an Assistant Professor at Florida State University, teaching in areas of Advanced Computer Applications, Advanced Visual Communications, and Design Studios. She has presented on the topic of Design Communications at both national and international conferences, and her research has been published in the Journal of Interior Design and the International Journal of Architectural Research. Previously, Huber was a Senior Designer with Gensler in Denver. There, she played an instrumental role in projects that have been recognized on state and national venues, including a 2014 AIA National Merit Award. She has interviewed for projects and presented ideas in settings ranging from elevators to auditoriums.
1. Human Response to Story 2. Presenter Meet Audience 3. Story Design 4. Writing for Impact 5. Speaking for Impact 6. Visual Storytelling 7. Storytelling with Information 8. Storytelling with Ideas 9. Storytelling with Video Appendix


text: Ascension Island – Queen Elizabeth II – 60th Anniversary – Crown – 2011 – Brilliant Uncirculated – Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island in the equatorial waters of the South Atlantic Ocean, 994 miles from the coast of Africa and 1,398 miles from the coast of South America which is roughly midway between the horn of South America and Africa. It is politically organized and governed as part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Its capital is Georgetown and it has a population of approximately 880 inhabitants. Historically, it has played a role as an important safe haven and coaling station to mariners and for commercial airliners during the days of international air travel by flying boats. During World War II it was an important naval and air station, especially providing antisubmarine warfare bases in the Battle of the Atlantic and throughout the war.


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John Morris Industrial supplies the Larson Davis Model 831, a Class 1 handheld sound level meter with exceedance-based logging analysis (ELA) for community noise assessment.
Model 831 features a small, lightweight ergonomic design; real-time 1/1 and 1/3 octave spectra, and comes standard with a 120 dB dynamic range. Ten customisable markers are provided to annotate time history data. The sound level meter also has audio and voice recording with replay, supported by up to 2 GB of on-board memory and optional USB 2.0 data stick.
For unattended noise monitoring, its event-based logging routines process data on-board to provide time/date, duration, average and max/min sound levels, frequency spectra, time history records of selected sound levels and even digital sound recordings for each event. The routines are specifically designed to save the user time in downloading and post-processing massive amounts of unprocessed sampled data.
For optimal digital communication, the Model 831 provides a USB 2.0 port to communicate with a PC for instrument control and downloading data. In addition, using native support for TCP/IP and built-in USB host port, the 831 can interface directly with GPRS and ethernet devices for simple Internet connectivity. The unit features one-hand operation, and has an easy-to-read backlit display, whether in direct sunlight or in a dark factory environment. Plus, when used with a PC, the USB cable provides instrument power and recharges batteries, much like an MP3 player.
A full line of accessories is available including software, sound level calibrators, outdoor microphones systems with electrostatic actuators, weatherproof enclosures for short and long-term monitoring and a variety of tripods and tilt-down poles.
About John Morris Industrial
As providers of complete solutions for noise and vibration measurement and analysis, John Morris Industrial partners with the region's leading engineers and scientists to deliver solutions for the measurement of acceleration, force, load, pressure, shock, strain, torque, noise and vibration. John Morris Group has a proud family heritage spanning almost 60 years. We specialise in the supply, installation and servicing of technical instrumentation and consumables covering diverse industry sectors throughout Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific region.
To find out more about a Model 831 Sound Level Meter
Contact our John Morris team
Phone toll-free: AUS 1800 251 799 and NZ 0800 651 700


Children's Book: Flight of the Sunflower
The Flight of the Sunflower – a children's book
When a gentle breeze dislodges a tiny seed from its sunflower mother, it sends the reluctant seed spinning through the air on a journey of discovery. Together, the wind and the seed roam over ocean and desert, garden and field. The seed must find the perfect place to call home, complete with soil, water, and sunlight.
Buy this book


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BIOHAZARD WATER ANALYZER
Early Warning's Biohazard Water Analyzer is the next generation of microbial testing. Using a unique combination of advanced technologies, the Analyzer goes beyond lab culturing of indicator coliforms and directly measures individual species of pathogenic bacteria, protozoa and viruses in the same test. The Analyzer employs a revolutionary nanotechnology-based biosensor exclusively licensed from NASA and an on-board concentrator that processes a 10 liter water sample. The sample-to-report time is 2 to 3 hours, and allows rapid prevention measures to be enacted. There is no need for time-intensive processes like transporting a water sample to the lab or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The Analyzer can be used as a transportable testing device or as a sensor node in a fully automated field sensor network.
Measure actual pathogens not indicators.
An ultra-sensitive biosensor generates an electrical signal when nucleic acid strands from a target pathogen molecule bind with complementary nucleic acid probes deposited on the chip. Only exact matches bind to ensure high specificity of the test results.
Improve sensitivity with a concentrated 10L sample
An ultrafiltration concentrator condenses pathogens for each test from a 10 liter water sample instead of using a conventional 100 milliliter grab sample. Not only will a bigger sample size provide a better composite of pathogens in the water, it also has a much greater chance of capturing highly infectious protozoa and viruses typically found in very low concentrations.
Get test results and pathogen alerts in 2 - 3 hours
A communications module sends microbiological test results and biohazard alerts to pre-programmed destinations. These can include SCADA screens, cell phones or PDAs using wired or wireless communications.
- E.coli Indicator, E.coli O157:H7, False Negative Control, False Positive Control probes (Initial release).
- Expandable to 25 specific bacteria, protozoa and virus probe types per biochip
- Minimum detection targets:
– Bacterium: 1 cell per 100 ml
– Protozoa: 10 cells per 10 L
– Viruses: 10 particles per 10 L
- Total and Viable concentrations for each pathogen
- Audit of test events and errors encountered during test
- Auto date, time and location stamp (with GPS coordinates)
- User-definable alert levels (Red, Yellow, Green)
- DNA Biomolecular Probes (single strands)
- 16S rRNA targets (single strands)
- 3-electrode Electrochemical Cell
- Differential Pulse Voltammetry
- Guanine oxidation peak with mediator
- 10 Liter water input
- Ultrafiltration with 50 kDalton pore size (virus capture)
- Magnetic beads with antibodies for separation of target organisms fromheterotrophic bacteria
- Hydrodynamic cavitation and sodium polyphosphate for disaggregationof clumps and biofilms
- Sodium thiosulfate for chlorine neutralization
- Hydrogen peroxide for sanitization after use
Hardware & Software
- Laptop or Desktop Computer running MS Windows.
- 1280 x 800 resolution display.
- Wi-Fi, Wired Ethernet, RS-232 communications.
- API for integration with SCADA and third party applications.
- AB-DF1 and MODBUS interface for third party sensors.
- User access management and logging.
- Transaction security.
- Test result and sensor status database.
- Alert sender option for e-mail, text message, voice message, SMS, etc..
- Monitoring and control option for multiple field sensors
Physical & Environmental
- Extruded aluminum frame with locking wheel mounts
- 72" L x 30" W x 55" H
- 450 lbs
- 100/200 VAC (24 V Option)
- 15 Amp service
- Environmental control
- NEMA-4 Enclosure
- Emergency Stop and Pause Buttons
- Selected Beta Rentals Available


@article {81, title = {Monitoring of solar irradiation at Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts}, abstract = {Global and diffuse irradiation data as monitored at the Horw campus of Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts. The data is stored in a tabular format at intervals of one minute. The monitoring station comprises two Kipp and Zonen CMP11 pyranometers, equipped with ventilation units. Diffuse irradiation is measured employing a manually adjusted shadow ring.}, keywords = {diffuse, global, irradiation, pyranometer, solar}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo._PHONE_}, url = {_URL_ author = {Grobe, Lars Oliver and Krehel, Marek and Wittkopf, Stephen and Yang, Xiaoming} }


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The Effect of Opening Mid-Level NICUS on the Location of Low-Birthweight Births in California
Objective: Despite evidence and recommendations encouraging the delivery of high-risk newborns in hospitals with subspecialty or high-level NICUs, increasing numbers are being delivered in other facilities. Causes for this are unknown. We sought to explore the impact of diffusion of specialty or midlevel NICUs on the types of hospitals in which low birth weight newborns are born.
Design: We used birth certificate, death certificate, and hospital discharge data for essentially all low birth weight, singleton California newborns born between 1993 and 2000. We identified areas likely to have been affected by the opening of a new nearby midlevel unit, analyzed changes over time in the share of births that took place in midlevel NICU hospitals, and compared patterns in areas that were and were not likely affected by the opening of a new midlevel unit. We also tracked the corresponding changes in the share of births in high-level hospitals and in those without NICU facilities (low-level).
Results: The probability of a 500- to 1499-g infant being born in a midlevel unit increased by 17 percentage points after the opening of a new nearby unit. More than three quarters of this increase was accounted for by reductions in the probability of birth in a hospital with a high-level unit (15 points), and the other portion was resulting from reductions in the share of newborns delivered in hospitals with low-level centers (2 points). Similar patterns were observed in 1500- to 2499-g newborns.
Conclusions: The introduction of new midlevel units was associated with significant shifts of births from both high-level and low-level hospitals to midlevel hospitals. In areas in which new midlevel units opened, the majority of the increase in midlevel deliveries was attributable to shifts from high-level unit births. Continued proliferation of midlevel units should be carefully assessed.


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Limited Power of Attorney Ohio Form – Adobe PDF
Use the Ohio limited financial power of attorney document to grant powers to a specific monetary responsibility, decision, or objective to another person. The most common example is a property owner electing their attorney to handle a real estate transaction on their behalf. But the form may be used for anything as small as picking up standard mail to handling complicated banking or investment decisions on behalf of the principal.
- Form must be signed in front of a notary public or with at least two (2) witnesses present in order to be legal


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Blast Injuries: Radiological Dispersal Devices and Radiation Injury
Radiological Dispersal Devices (RDDs) or "dirty bombs" consist of radioactive material combined with conventional explosives. Their force is so powerful they can disperse such material over an area as large as multiple city blocks. People in the immediate area may be killed or injured initially from the effects of the blast and not from radioactivity. RDDs are primarily used to produce psychological rather than physical harm by inducing panic and terror in the target population. The clinical presentation of exposed casualties will mostly resemble conventional injuries. This is because the clinical effects of all but the most severe radiation exposures are delayed.
A survey conducted with specialized radiological equipment is the only way to confirm the presence of radiation. If radioactive material is used in a terrorist bombing, victims must be assessed for both exposure and contamination. People exposed to radiation can suffer radiation illness if their dose is high enough, but they do not become radioactive. Contamination occurs externally when loose particles of radioactive material are deposited on surfaces, skin, or clothing. Internal contamination occurs when radioactive particles are inhaled, ingested, or lodged in an open wound. Contaminated patients should be decontaminated as soon as possible after being treated for life-threatening injuries. The radioactivity levels of contaminated patients should not pose a health risk to care providers. Guidelines for protection and treatment are provided below.
Triage and Staff Protection
- Establish an ad hoc triage area in a location based on the hospital's disaster plan and the anticipated number of casualties. Stock a sufficient quantity of hospital-supplied gowns to replace contaminated clothing.
- Establish both a contaminated area and a clean area and separate them by a buffer zone.
- Remove contaminated outer garments when leaving the contaminated area.
- Using a radiation meter, survey the bodies of persons when they exit a contaminated area.
- Follow standard guidelines for protection from microbiological contamination.
- Survey hands and clothing with a radiation meter at frequent intervals.
Decontaminating the Injured
- Survey the patient with a radiation meter using a consistent technique and trained personnel.
- Note exceptionally large amounts of surface or imbedded radioactive material.
- Handle easily-removable radioactive objects with forceps and store them in lead containers.
- Use a standardized form to record location and level of any contamination found.
- Remove patient clothing by carefully cutting and rolling it away from the face toward the feet to contain the contamination.
- Double-bag clothing using radioactive hazardous waste guidelines and then label the bag.
- Repeat the patient survey and record contamination levels.
- Wash wounds with saline or warm water first. Gently cleanse intact skin with soap and water, starting outside the contaminated area and washing inward; do not irritate or abrade.
- Flush eyes, nose, and ears, and rinse mouth if facial contamination occurred.
- Survey and note radiation level again; repeat washing until survey indicates radiation level is no more than twice background or the level remains unchanged.
- Cover wounds with waterproof dressing.
- For mass casualties, consider establishing separate shower areas for ambulatory and non-ambulatory patients.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Perform sequential CBCs with differential to assess declines in lymphocyte levels.
- Monitor for fluid and electrolyte balance and for evidence of hemodynamic instability.
- Treat symptomatically and focus on preventing infection; use antibiotics.
- Consider cytokines, e.g., Neupogen® and hematopoietic growth factors.
- Perform surgical interventions within 48 hours or delay them until after hematopoietic recovery.
Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) is caused by high doses of radiation that are rapidly delivered to large portions of the body. A dirty bomb will likely generate low levels of radiation exposure. Symptoms can be immediate or delayed, mild or severe, based on radiation dose.
- Nausea or vomiting may occur minutes to days after exposure. The rapid onset of vomiting is a major factor in diagnosis and dose estimation of radiation.
- Early onset of vomiting followed by symptoms of bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal destruction, and cardiovascular/central nervous system effects are signs of acute illness.
- Depending on the stage of illness, a patient may be asymptomatic.
Cutaneous Radiation Injury is acute radiation injury to the skin.
- Transient itching, tingling, erythema, or edema may be seen within hours or days, and is usually followed by a latent period; lesions may not be seen for weeks to months post exposure.
- The delay in occurrence differentiates these lesions from thermal burns.
- Treat localized injuries symptomatically, focusing on pain and infection control.
Internal Contamination should be considered if persistently high survey readings are noted following decontamination. It generally does not cause early symptoms. Nose or mouth contamination may indicate inhalation or ingestion.
- Assessment may include analyzing urine, blood, and fecal samples or whole body counts.
- Radiation experts may recommend early administration of radionuclide-specific decorporation agents such as Prussian Blue, DTPA, or Bicarbonate.
- Gastric lavage, antacids, and cathartics assist in clearing ingested contaminants.
- In urban areas, hundreds to thousands may seek care. Many may seek radiological screening, many will need decontamination, and many will simply seek reassurance.
- Psychogenic illness symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, may manifest.
- Vomiting due to radiation exposure is usually recurrent rather than episodic.
- Include mental health professionals on the response team.


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If you have an LXP region that you wish to iterate more than once, the tag exists for this purpose. It requires at least a start attribute, and either an end or endbefore attribute. Each attribute should be given a numeric value.
The start attribute defines a whole integer value to begin the loop iteration with. That value initializes an iteration count, which will be incremented by 1 for each iteration of the loop. If the end attribute is defined, the loop will stop iterating after the iteration count has looped through the number specified by end. Alternatively, if the endbefore attribute is defined, the loop will stop one iteration earlier. Using end and endbefore is respectively equivalent to using the <= and < operators in a programming language such as PHP or C.
While iterating, a special LXP object called for maintains a value called count, which stores the value of the current loop's iteration count. Example 13-19 demonstrates a simple for loop that will iterate from 1 to 5.
Example 13-19. A simple loop
 Iterating loop:
Here is the output from this loop, when processed by LXP:
Iterating loop: 1 Iterating loop: 2 Iterating loop: 3 Iterating loop: 4 Iterating loop: 5
The loop iterator can be invaluable when dealing with arrays of values that you need to return by using LXP. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, if a variable is defined with trailing square-brackets (), it will be implicitly given an offset by LXP for each value found with that name. LXP will also create an object variable of the same name, but without square-brackets, with two attributes: size and last. The size value (e.g., my_array.size) stores the number of elements in the implicitly defined array, while the last value (e.g. my_array.last) stores the offset of the last value.
Example 13-20 demonstrates the handling of a passed variable called my_array.
Example 13-20. Handling array results with
 Here is the value of my_array, at offset :
Notice that the at sign (@) for the my_array object is only used where its variable value is desired, rather than its name. Thus, it is omitted in the tag, since the name attribute expects a literal variable name, and not the variable's value.
If you manually assign index offsets to variables in a form (e.g., my_array, my_array) rather than creating an implied array (e.g., my_array), LXP will not set the size and last values for such an array of values.