non-inplace case?
In the reference case what value would you have it give you a reference to? Is there some Vector{Int} value it would be reasonable to fill every Vector{Vector{Int}} with before it is initialized? What special value should we use for arbitrary user-defined types? Should we require every type to provide a method to get a dummy value?
I would prefer it to segfault.
You can consider UndefRefError to be a segfault.
2 Likes
This came up before, with (due to your statement) now conflicting interpretations:
Which is it?
To be clear, I don't think the term "undefined behavior" is particularly helpful in Julia, because we don't have a defining standard like C that we could be violating.
2 Likes


text:
Surface water flows in the case of heavy rains and dike break can be simulated. GETFLOWS succeeded in robust and fast tracking of general water movement under various rain patterns and dike break conditions. It is achieved through analyzing surface water flow employing diffusion wave approximation. Predicting inundated area and flow rate will be a powerful tool to support drainage designing, evacuation planning, etc.Moreover, since GETFLOWS simulates fully coupled groundwater and surface water flow phenomena, rapid increase of groundwater levels due to heavy rains and inland inundation can be simulated. Inundated area and the amount of flooded water can be predicted. Water quantity, pressure, potential, water depth, groundwater levels and water flow velocities are the numerical results which GETFLOWS can produce from the calculation.
Copyright© 2000-2016, Geosphere Environmental Technology Corp. All Rights Reserved.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: Adaptive nonlinear excitation control of large-scale power systems is considered in this paper. The approach used is an adaptive feedback linearizing control to enhance the robustness to unknown or varying interconnection parameters like equivalent reactances of the transmission lines. Adaptation in estimated parameters is utilized to achieve an asymptotically exact cancellation of terms. Simulation results for a two generator-infinite bus power system are presented to validate the robustness of the adaptive feedback linearizing scheme to unknown interconnections arising due to faults and subsequent line switchings. The performance using the nonadaptive feedback linearizing control is shown to degrade for network configuration variations arising due to transmission line faults. The studies validate the fact that connective stability and robust performance is maintained for unknown interconnection topology using the adaptive feedback linearizing scheme.


text:
Edmund H. Durfee, Victor R. Lesser
To control problem solving activity, a planner must resolve uncertainty about which specific long-term goals (solutions) to pursue and about which sequences of actions will best achieve those goals. In this paper, we describe a planner that abstracts the problem solving state to recognize possible competing and compatible solutions and to roughly predict the importance and expense of developing these solutions. With this information, the planner plans sequences of problem solving activities that most efficiently resolve its uncertainty about which of the possible solutions to work toward. The planner only details actions for the near future because the results of these actions will influence how (and whether) a plan should be pursued. As problem solving proceeds, the planner adds new details to the plan incrementally, and monitors and repairs the plan to insure it achieves its goals whenever possible. Through experiments, we illustrate how these new mechanisms significantly improve problem solving decisions and reduce overall computation. We briefly discuss our current research directions, including how these mechanisms can improve a problem solver's real-time response and can enhance cooperation in a distributed problem solving network.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
|International Vegetarian Union (IVU)|
A thesis presented to the London School of Economics, University of London,
The author is now Professor of Social Policy and Sociology at Kent University, England, and has given permission for this previously unpublished thesis to be published on the IVU website. The ownership and copyright remain hers and no part of this thesis may be used elsewhere without her express permission.
CHAPTER SEVEN: THE GREAT WAR AND THE INTERWAR PERIOD
[Numerical links are to the author's footnotes, use your back button to return to the same point in the text. Text links are to relevant items on the IVU website, all open in new windows]
Vegetarianism has long been associated with progressive educational ideas, (1) and in this, as with other of its early connections, it drew on the romantic tradition of social criticism embodied here in the ideas associated with Rousseau.
The modern progressive school (2) originates in the late nineteenth century with the founding in 1889 of Abbotsholme by Cecil Reddie. Reddie bad been influenced by Carpenter, and Abbotsholme was originally intended to reflect the principles of the Fellowship of the New Life; however as Reddie increasingly moved away from socialism, under the influence of German conservative thought, the link with the Fellowship faded. In 1893, A.C. Badley, an ex-master at Abbotsholtne, founded the co-educational Bedales. Both Badley and Reddie subscribed to diet-reform ideas, (3) and from the start both schools catered for vegetarian pupils. (4)
The early years of the century brought the Quaker schools into this stream. There had been a long tradition of Quaker boarding schools, many of which had been founded in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and the separateness of Quaker society, together with the repudiation of the classical syllabus and the teaching of science, marked these schools apart from the public schools. In the early twentieth century the differences became more pronounced with the spread among them of co-education. Stewart believes this was the principal reason that brought the Quaker schools into the world of progressive education; though a more fundamental factor must be the shift that occurs in Quakerism generally that takes it into the orbit of liberal progressive thought. (5) While Quaker schools have not been vegetarian, they have since the twenties provided liberal facilities for vegetarian pupils.
In 1925 amid upheavals, Mrs Ensor resigned from the Theosophical Educational Trust and Miss King from the headship of St Christopher, where she was succeeded by Lyn and Eleanor Harris (Lyn Harris had been a CO and was a vegetarian Quaker) who continued to run the school until their retirement in 1956. Mrs Ensor and Miss King moved on to Surrey where they founded Frensham Heights, though they left after two years and with them the theosophical link ended. Mrs Ensor's work continued, however, in the New Educational Fellowship, founded in 1921, which acted between the wars as an international focus and forum for the progressive school movement.
Despite some important differences within the progressive school movement, especially between the conservative and radical wings, certain shared themes emerge, and I shall touch in particular here on those that are relevant to the vegetarian link.
The first of these was their anti-urbanism and stress upon the experience of nature. Many of these schools were situated in the country, with beautiful natural surroundings stressed. Gardening was traditionally favoured, and many were termed garden or open-air schools. Sunbathing or sleeping in the open were often practised. A number of these schools and other movements of the period aimed at bringing children into direct contact with nature, with particular stress put on the idea of the woodland, as a means of developing confidence and skills. The feeling is best expressed in Ernest Westlake's Order of Woodcraft Chivalry which was intended to be a more adventurous and libertarian version of the Boy Scouts, and with none of its militaristic tone. (10) Westlake believed that man had by civilisation been separated from the true source of education - nature - and that by this alone could be develop true instincts and faculties, and he aimed to teach not just 'the lore of the woodman, but also that simple life in nature which is the heritage, material, mental and spiritual of man in common with all living creatures'. (11)
In 1929 he founded the Forest School - a mixture of Freud and Red Indians, according to one master - and here the aim was to restore children to their 'lost birthright of freedom'. (12) In all these movements the paradise theme was strong, and Ernest Westlake speaks of the ultimate purpose as 'to regain paradise' (13)
Progressive education is important in vegetarianism because it provides the concrete embodiment of a recurring social metaphor in the tradition: that of the visionary image of the child as the embodiment of man's innocence. Running through it is the idea of the goodness, in potential at least, of the child; education should be a nurturing and encouragement, rather than a coercion and punishment, and self-directed discovery was stressed and the child, not the teacher, made the centre of the educational process. During the twenties the influence of Freud on the progressive school movement - and indeed on progressivism generally - was marked, and Freudian theory was used to underpin the liberation of the child from adult repression and to justify the belief that the natural impulses should have free expression. In certain of the schools this produced a move towards a libertarian and anarchic ideal. The progressivism of the period, however, largely used Freud as a dissolvent of conservative social values, taking up the attack on traditional religion and upon patriarchal authority. It was, however, an essentially selective reading of Freud, one that passed over the darker Hobbesian aspects of his thought, focusing instead on its libertarian potential, which was then grafted on to an essentially non-Freudian model of-man and his destiny - one that derived from the older romantic tradition.
Education meant here the education of the whole child and that involved both an emphasis on the emotional development of the child, and a widening of the curriculum to include artistic expression and craft work. In this they were influenced both by the older criticisms of the public school and its denial of feeling, and by the later psychoanalytic emphasis on the emotional and unconscious aspects of being.
Education was regarded as fundamental in the reform of society, and these schools aimed to foster co-operative and harmonious social relations. This was partly to be achieved by discouraging direct competition, whether academic or sporting (sport tended to be, as in the vegetarian milieu more widely, individual, non-competitive and. 'non-contact'), and partly through the creation of a freer, less repressed sort of person who would not need to live through earlier psychic repressions in ways that produced a distorted and destructive form of society. They were notably anti-militaristic, and they attacked in particular the harsh beatings of the public school tradition; and violence was seen here to beget violence and to brutalise children, and the prevention of war was seen as intimately bound up with the ending of violence in the home and. school. Child of Dartington Hall, summed up some of these aspects:
Finally the schools enshrined an anti-structural ideal. This was found in the reduction and even at times extirpation of social hierarchy and of the division between pupils and teachers, now often called by their Christian names. Egalitarian ideals also underlay the popularity of school councils and democratic control. Maurice Punch has interpreted Dartington Hall in terms of the anti-institution which he sees as based on:
Punch believes that the pupils identify with the radical institution and with the anti-structural ideal. Here the headmaster controls not by the imposition of rules or norms but by force of personality. Authority is thus exercised but in a covert form; roles becomes personal and attacks upon authority are deflected into attacks upon persons. Stewart makes a similar point that the psychological orientation of the progressive education means that social life is seen in terms of personal relationships, and social structure is thus devalued and only weakly perceived. (16)


text: Indolizine has been synthesised on the small scale with enhanced yield using a novel Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis method. Electrooxidation of indolizine results in the formation of a redox-active film on the electrode surface. Excellent agreement is found between calculated and experimental indolizine oxidation potentials; a combination of fluorescence and electrochemical studies are consistent with the computational prediction that electroxidation results in the formation of three specific and redox active indolizine dimers. The insoluble redox active film is considered to be polymeric and to arise from the further oxidation of these dimers at the electrode. This combination of methods can be used for the characterisation of products formed from the electrooxidation of novel luminescent heteroaromatics synthesised on a small scale and particularly those of interest as redox active species for electrochemical processes and devices.


How to Find Your Doorbell's IP address
There may be times where you need to find your doorbells IP address. One example is for 3rd party Onvif Implementation. This guide assumes that your doorbell is already installed and has gone through the entire setup process.
Step 1. Download and install the SADP Software
Click here to download the software.
Step 2. Open the SADP program
Side Note: Ensure the SADP program is running on a PC that is on the same exact network as your doorbell.
Step 3. Your Doorbell's IP address should be on the list.
The device type should be listed as NDB313-W. Please note that the device may show "inactive." This is perfectly normal. There is no way to "activate" the doorbell like our standard H-Series IP Cameras. mceclip0.png
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text: A sequence of still images taken from Zapruder's Super-8 film was published by LIFE with the headline 'Split-second sequence as the bullet struck'. The amateur, grainy pictures have become fixed in the universal consciousness as the defining trace of a key moment in history. Yet their granular, hard-to decipher quality has made them curiously elusive as evidence and they have come to serve as metaphors for the ambiguities of the photographic medium. Individual frames have been appropriated as reference points by a number of artists, including Richard Hamilton, in their investigation of the mutability of visual documents. It is instructive -- in considering the relationship between record and allegory -- to situate Zapruder's stills in the context of Warhol's 'Death and Disaster' series of 1962-64 and his emotive silk-screens of Jackie Kennedy in mourning, derived from anonymous press images.


text:
V-RAMBO is a man-portable, remote video terminal which receives TV broadcast quality live video and telemetry data, captured and transmitted by directly from aerial, surface and ground platforms. The compact system is comprised of a lightweight portable receiver, carried in a pocket or pouch, and a rugged, wrist-wearable display and control unit. The system can be coupled with PDAs, laptop PCs and goggles which can display standard video signals. Live video images provided by the Battlespace VideoNet (BVN) are used to establish an ad-hoc common language between units engaged in joint operations, such as Special Forces and air support.
A new addition to the Rambo ensemble is the miniature Tactical Ruggedized Video Transmitter (TARGET), weighing only 140 gram, it can transmit video from a source (sniper's weapon sight for example) to a distance of two kilometers, it is transmitting up to 0.5 watt, using analog, FM modulation, transmitted on the S band. (TARGET can be seen on the lower left side of the photo shown on the top of this page)


Instantiate a complex number from its polar coordinates. : Complex « Data Types « VB.Net
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VB.Net » Data Types » ComplexScreenshots
Instantiate a complex number from its polar coordinates.

Imports System.Numerics
Imports System
Module Example
 Public Sub Main()
 Dim c6 As Complex = Complex.FromPolarCoordinates(100.524)
 Console.WriteLine(c6.ToString())
 End Sub
End Module

Related examples in the same category
1.Create Complex structure using real and imaginary values.
2.Complex Structure Represents a complex number.
3.Assign a Double to a complex number
4.Cast a Decimal to a complex number
5.Assign the return value of a method to a Complex variable
6.Assign the value returned by an operator to a Complex variable
7.Instantiate a complex number from its polar coordinates
8.Compare two Complex number values
9.Complex.Sqrt
10.Complex Number calculation
11.Complex.Pow
12.Assign a Double to a complex number
13.Cast a Decimal to a complex number.
14.Assign the return value of a method to a Complex variable.
15.Assign the value returned by an operator to a Complex variable.
16.Complex.Log
17.Create new Complex number from Double.MinValue and Double.MaxValue
18.Complex.Abs Method Gets the absolute value (or magnitude) of a complex number.
19.Complex.Acos Method Returns the angle that is the arc cosine of the specified complex number.
20.Complex.Add Method Adds two complex numbers and returns the result.
21.Complex Addition Operator
22.Complex number array
23.Complex.Asin Method Returns the angle that is the arc sine of the specified complex number.
24.Complex.Atan Method Returns the angle that is the arc tangent of the specified complex number.
25.Complex.Conjugate Method Computes the conjugate of a complex number and returns the result.
26.Complex.Divide Method Divides one complex number by another and returns the result.
27.Complex.Equals Method (Complex)
28.Compare the Complex values
29.Complex.Exp Method Returns e raised to the power specified by a complex number.
30.Complex.FromPolarCoordinates Creates a complex number from a point's polar coordinates.
31.Complex.Imaginary Property Gets the imaginary component of the current Complex object.
32.Complex.ImaginaryOne Returns a Complex with a real number equal to zero and an imaginary number equal to one.
33.Complex.Multiply Method Returns the product of two complex numbers.
34.Complex.Negate Method Returns the additive inverse of a specified complex number.
35.Complex.Reciprocal Method Returns the multiplicative inverse of a complex number.
36.Complex.Subtract Method Subtracts one complex number from another and returns the result.
37.Complex.ToString Method (IFormatProvider)
38.Complex number format: "F2", "N2", "G5"
39.Complex.ToString Method
40.Complex.Zero Field Returns a Complex with a real number equal to zero and an imaginary number equal to zero.
41.An explicit conversion of a BigInteger value to a complex number.
42.An explicit conversion of a Decimal value to a complex number.
43.Implicit conversion of an unsigned byte to a complex number.
44.Implicit conversion of a double-precision floating-point number to a complex number.
45.Implicit conversion of a 16-bit signed integer to a complex number.
46.Implicit conversion of a 32-bit signed integer to a complex number.
47.Implicit conversion of a 64-bit signed integer to a complex number.
48.Implicit conversion of a signed byte to a complex number.
49.Implicit conversion of a single-precision floating-point number to a complex number.
50.Implicit conversion of a 16-bit unsigned integer to a complex number.
51.Implicit conversion of a 32-bit unsigned integer to a complex number.
52.Implicit conversion of a 64-bit unsigned integer to a complex number.
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text:
Every tree in the Sid valley is potentially an Arboretum Tree. We have started to log some of the more interesting trees in our database but are always looking for suggestions for more trees, and for more information about the trees we have already logged. If you have any new information for us, please get in touch.
Immense thanks to all the volunteers who went out and completed the survey forms in 2014. The data was entered by Jon and Penny Ball in November and early December, Kenton Rogers despatched it over the wire to the U.S. Forestry Department for analysis. The results were published in 2015. A summary can be seen here and the accompanying charts can be seen here. The sample plots can be seen on the Survey Plots map
Tree species are identified by considering a combination of: leaf, fruit, bark, form.
|Ash flower||Red Sentinal||Willow|
Some terms used to describe leaves are:


Guide for Android Application Developers 4. Launch the debugger again using F5. When the application loads into the debugger, rest the mouse pointer over txtItem in the code 5. Click + in the pop-up to view the variable txtItem.Tracking VariablesYou can view the details of the variables such as the Type, Fields, and Properties.The dialog below shows how you can scroll up and down the Type Hierarchy toinspect the objects.You can set a watch on certain variables to keep them under observationcontinuously.To track variables, do the following: 1. Right-click txtList, and click Add Watch. The watch window displays the variable txtList. 2. Click + icon near txtList, to expand txtList. 35
 36. 36. Windows Phone 7 Guide for Android Application Developers 3. To ensure that the control does not enter the if statement, press F10 to step through the code.if (txtList.Text == "Nothing here yet") { txtList.Text = ""; }You can observe in the Watch window that the value of txtList.Text is Nothing hereyet. But it gets compared with Nothing here yet (with no exclamation point.) This isa bug in the code.Change the statement as shown below to add the exclamation point:if (txtList.Text == "Nothing here yet!")Note: While in the debugger, you can use the VS immediate mode where you canwrite the managed code instructions to modify or view the variables or executecode to help with debugging. 4. Update the code and re-launch the debugger by pressing F5. 5. To test the application, add items to the shopping list. 36
 37. 37. Windows Phone 7 Guide for Android Application DevelopersA Note about DebuggingYou will observe that you can easily debug a WP7 application using the managedprogramming environment. Like Eclipse, the debugging in WP7 application is doneentirely at the application level using the C# code and types.Note: The .NET framework includes two classes called Debug and Trace, which helpyou to write run-time debug messages to the output window. C# also supports anassert statement, which is evaluated at run time. If the statement returns true,Visual Studio does not respond. But if the statement returns false, the programenters the debugger. 37
 38. 38. Windows Phone 7 Guide for Android Application DevelopersSummaryIn this chapter we looked at the Windows Phone 7 Developer Toolset. The Toolsetincludes the rich tools that are designed to support every step in the entireapplication development lifecycle. The design, development, and the testing toolsare equivalent to the existing Android team roles and processes. The tightintegration between the WP7 tools helps you to streamline the design, develop theworkflow, and test the workflow. These tools provide an end-to-end functionalityand are highly customizable. 38
 39. 39. Windows Phone 7 Guide for Android Application DevelopersChapter 4: C# programmingThis chapter discusses the C# features that map to the most common Javafeatures. This chapter includes the code snippets, which help you to work fasterwith C# code. It describes important C# features that help you write safe code andenhance productivity.The chapter discusses the following features of C# programming:  Managed Programming  Class Declaration  Strong Typing  Class Constructors  Properties  Parameter Types  Access Privileges  Methods with multiple Parameters  Inheritance  Protected Access  Instance vs. Class Level Access  Abstract Classes  Interfaces  Polymorphism  Structs  Object Lifecycle: Creation and Deletion of Objects  Type Checking vs. Reflection  Exception Handling 39
 40. 40. Windows Phone 7 Guide for Android Application DevelopersManaged ProgrammingWP7 supports managed programming in C# and VB.NET.The C# compiler (and similarly, the VB compiler) compiles the C# (or VB.NET) codein an intermediate language (IL) byte code and metadata. The Common LanguageRuntime (CLR) executes the bytecode. The C# uses metadata to manage typesafety, exception handling, and array bounds. CLR also manages memory andperforms garbage collection. In Android, the Java code is compiled in a .class file,and the file is converted to a .dex file. The .dex file is optimized for low foot printon memory. The .dex file is then converted to an apk file, which is executed on anandroid platform. 40
 41. 41. Windows Phone 7 Guide for Android Application DevelopersA Comparison between C# Features and Java ClassesClass DeclarationLike Java, C# does not separate class definition from class implementation. Thecompiler derives the metadata about the classes from class implementation. As inJava we can define multiple class definition in same file. C# also defines themultiple classes in same file.using System; // In java this is similar to importnamespace FirstApplication // scope for classes. Same like package declaration in Java{class Person // only uses class implementation{ private DateTime birthDate; // a private field accessible to this class private int ageOn(DateTime date) // a private method { TimeSpan span = date.Subtract(birthDate); //uses a .notation to invoke return span.Days; } public int age // this is a property. { Get // just a getter; it's a read-only property { return this.ageOn(DateTime.Now); } } public Person( DateTime dob) // instance constructor. Same like Java { // it combines allocation and initialization birthDate = dob; }}class Program // Same like Java, another class in the same file.{ static void Main(string[] args) // main entry point into the program { Person p = new Person(new DateTime(1973,11,12)); //construct an instance System.Console.WriteLine("The age is is" + p.age.ToString()); DateTime dt = p.birthDate; //error in compilation birthDate is private } }}The following example shows the public signature of the class Person that consistsof property, age, and constructor.Instead of using the import statement in Java, C# employs a using statement torefer to the metadata of other classes. The namespace declaration that is shown atthe top of the file is used to declare the scope and to organize the code. You canaccess classes in other namespaces by referring to a fully-qualified name. You canrefer to System.Console.WriteLine in the example above, where the console is inthe System namespace.C# uniformly uses the " " notation for referring to all methods, fields, andproperties.Strong Typing 41
 42. 42. Windows Phone 7 Guide for Android Application DevelopersC# is a strongly typed language like Java. The types must be specified for variablesand input/output parameters. The compiler enforces the types. In the section ongenerics, you can see how C# uses strong typing for collection classes.Strong typing works similarly for all classes. The code example below shows thestrong typing for primitive types.int a = 5;int b = a + 2; //OKbool test = true; // OKint c = a + test; // Error. Operator + cannot mix type int andbool.Class ConstructorsLike Java, C# uses instance constructors to create and initialize instances. Forexample: p is an instance of the Person class. You can construct and initialize pwith a given birthdate, in a single statement.Person p = new Person(new DateTime(1973,11,12));PropertiesYou often need to decide about whether to implement a member as a property or amethod. In this case, the design pattern is identical for both Java and C#. As ageneral rule, use properties when you need to access data. To take any action onthe data, use methods.Properties helps to abstract away from directly accessing the members of a class.This technique is similar to using accessors (getters) and modifiers (setters) inJava. You can make the property read-only by providing the getter, write-only byproviding the setter, or read-write by providing both getter and setter.Parameter TypesLike Java, C# uses the value parameters by default. C# does not have pointers. ButC# allows the passing of parameters by using the ref modifier. Instead of pointers,you can use parameters with ref where you want to achieve an additionalfunctionality in a method. In some cases, you need to use the reference parametersfor better efficiency since they avoid data copying.void Foo (ref int x, int y){ x = 0; y = 0;}.. 42
 43. 43. Windows Phone 7 Guide for Android Application Developersint a = 5;int b = 8;Foo (ref a, b);//a is zero and b is still 8C# also provides the parameters with an out modifier. This out modifier representsthe parameters that must be initialized by the called method before returning. Thisdesign pattern is often used to return the error in addition to the value of thefunction.Access PrivilegesLike Java, C


valve and then away from the machine (Figure 114).
 Note: If needed, loosen the mounting hardware for the left or right section-valve manifolds as needed to provide clearance.
 Note: Retain the flange clamps, gaskets and quick-connect pins for installation in Installing the Section-Manifold Valve.
 Cleaning the Manifold Valve
 1. Position the valve stem so that it is in the closed position (Figure 115B).
 g027562
 2. Remove the 2 end-cap-fitting assemblies from each end of the manifold body (Figure 116 and Figure 117).
 g028243
 g028240
 3. Turn the valve stem so that the ball is in the open position (Figure 115A).
 Note: When the valve stem is parallel with the valve flow, the ball slides out.
 4. Remove the stem retainer from the slots in the stem port in the manifold (Figure 116 and Figure 117).
 5. Remove the stem retainer and valve stem seat from the manifold (Figure 116 and Figure 117).
 6. Reach into the manifold body and remove the valve-stem assembly (Figure 116 and Figure 117).
 7. Clean the inside of the manifold and exterior of the ball valve, valve-stem assembly, stem capture, and end fittings.
 Assembling the Manifold Valve
 Operator supplied material: Clear silicone grease.
 Important: Use only silicone grease when assembling the valve.
 1. Check the condition of the outlet fitting O-rings (section valve manifold only), end cap O-rings, back seating O-rings, and ball seat for damage or wear (Figure 116 and Figure 117).
 Note: Replace any damaged or worn O-rings or seats.
 2. Apply silicone grease to the valve stem and insert it into the valve stem seat (Figure 116 and Figure 117).
 3. Install the valve stem and seat into the manifold and secure the stem and seat with the stem retainer (Figure 116 and Figure 117).
 4. Ensure that the back seating O-ring and the ball seat are aligned and seated into the end-cap fitting (Figure 116 and Figure 117)
 5. Install the end-cap fitting assembly onto the manifold body until the flange of the end-cap fitting touches the manifold body (Figure 116 and Figure 117), then turn the end-cap fitting an additional 1/8 to 1/4 turn.
 Note: Use caution so as not to damage the end of the fitting.
 6. Insert the ball into the valve body (Figure 118).
 Note: The valve stem should fit inside the ball drive slot. If the valve stem does not fit, adjust the position of the ball (Figure 118).
 g027565
 7. Turn the valve stem assembly so that the valve is closed (Figure 115B)
 8. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for the other end-cap fitting assembly.
 Installing the Section-Manifold Valve
 1. Align the 2 gaskets that you removed in Removing the Section-Manifold Valve to the flanges of the section-valve manifold (Figure 119).
 Note: If needed, loosen the mounting hardware for the left or right section-valve manifolds as needed to provide clearance.
 g191304
 2. Align the flange of the section-valve manifold between the flanges of the other section-valve (s) and/or coupling adapter (Figure 119).
 3. Assemble the quick-connect fitting of the section-valve manifold to the quick-disconnect socket of the section-bypass valve with a quick-connect pin (Figure 119 and Figure 120).
 g191303
 4. Loosely assemble the flange clamps that you removed in Removing the Section-Manifold Valve to the flanges of the section-valve manifold and the flanges of the other section-valve (s) and/or coupling adapter (Figure 121).
 g191300
 5. For left or right section-valve manifolds, assemble the section-valve manifold to the valve support (Figure 119) with the 2 flange-head bolts (1/4 x 3/4 inch) and 2 flange locknuts (1/4 inch) that you removed in Removing the Section-Manifold Valve.
 6. Torque the flange-head bolts and flange locknuts to 1978 to 2542 N∙cm (175 to 225 in-lb).
 7. Tighten the 2 flange clamps by hand (Figure 121).
 8. Assemble the quick-connect coupler of the section hose onto the quick-connect fitting of the section-valve manifold with the quick-connect pin (Figure 120).
 9. If you loosened the mounting hardware of the left or right section-valve manifolds, tighten the nut and bolt to 1978 to 2542 N∙cm (175 to 225 in-lb).
 Installing the Agitation-Manifold Valve
 1. Align the flange of the agitation-valve manifold and 3 gaskets with the flanges of the agitation-bypass valve, pressure filter head, and coupling adapter (Figure 122 and Figure 123).
 Note: If needed, loosen the mounting hardware for the pressure-filter head as needed to provide clearance.
 g191302
 g191301
 2. Loosely secure the agitation-valve manifold to the agitation-bypass valve, pressure filter head, and coupling adapter (Figure 123) with the 3 flange clamps that you removed in Removing the Agitation-Manifold Valve.
 3. Assemble the agitation-valve manifold to the valve support with the 2 flange-head bolts (1/4 x 3/4 inch) and 2 flange locknuts (1/4 inch) that you removed in Removing the Agitation-Manifold Valve.
 4. Torque the flange-head bolts and flange locknuts to 1978 to 2542 N∙cm (175 to 225 in-lb).
 5. Tighten the 3 flange clamps by hand (Figure 123).
 6. Assemble the quick-connect coupler of the agitation hose onto the quick-connect fitting of the agitation-valve manifold with the quick-connect pin (Figure 123).
 7. If you loosened the mounting hardware for the pressure-filter head, tighten the nut and bolt to 1978 to 2542 N∙cm (175 to 225 in-lb).
 Installing the Valve Actuator
 1. Align the actuator to the manifold valve (Figure 109).
 2. Secure the actuator and valve with the retainer that you removed in step 2 of Removing the Valve Actuator.
 Storage
 1. Position the sprayer on a level surface, engage the parking brake, shut off the spray pump, shut off the engine, and remove the key.
 2. Clean the dirt and grime from the entire machine, including the outside of the cylinder-head fins and blower housing of the engine.
 Important: You can wash the machine with mild detergent and water. Do not use high-pressure water to wash the machine. Pressure washing may damage the electrical system or wash away necessary grease at friction points. Avoid excessive use of water, especially near the control panel, lights, engine, and the battery.
 3. Condition the sprayer system as follows:
 1. Drain the fresh-water tank.
 2. Drain the spray system as completely as possible.
 3. Prepare rust inhibiting, non-alcohol based, RV antifreeze solution per the manufacturer's instructions.
 4. Add the RV antifreeze solution to the fresh-water tank and the sprayer tank.
 5. Run the spray pump for a few minutes to circulate the RV antifreeze throughout the spray system and any installed spray accessories.
 6. Turn on the 3 section switches.
 7. Turn the master section switch to the ON position and spray out the nozzle until the RV anti-freeze is visible, then turn the master section switch to the OFF position.
 8. Drain the fresh-water tank and spray system as completely as possible.
 4. Use the boom-section lift switches to raise the outer boom sections. Raise the boom sections until they have moved completely into boom-transport cradle forming the "X" transport position and the lift cylinders are fully retracted.
 Note: Make sure that the lift cylinders are fully retracted to prevent actuator rod damage.
 5. Perform the following maintenance steps for short-term or long-term storage
 - Short-term storage (less than 30 days), clean the sprayer system; refer to Cleaning the Sprayer System.
 - Long-term storage (longer than 30 days), perform the following:
 1. Clean the agitation valve and the 3 section valves; refer to Cleaning the Agitation and Section Valves.
 2. Check the brakes; refer to Adjusting the Brakes.
 3. Service the air cleaner; refer to Checking the Air Cleaner.
 4. Grease the sprayer; refer to Greasing the Spray Pump.
 5. Change the engine-oil filter and oil; refer toChanging the Engine Oil Filter and Changing the Engine Oil.
 6. Check the air pressure in the tires; refer to Checking the Tire Air Pressure.
 7. Prepare the fuel system as follows:
 1. Start the engine and run it at idle speed for approximately 2 minutes.
 2. Shut off the engine.
 3. Flush the fuel tank with fresh, clean fuel.
 4. Secure all the fuel-system fittings.
 8. Use the starter to crank the engine and distribute the oil inside the cylinder.
 9. Check and tighten all bolts, nuts, and screws.
 Note: Repair or replace any parts that are worn or damaged.
 10. Check the condition of all spray hoses.
 Note: Replace any hoses that are worn or damaged.
 11. Tighten all hose fittings.
 12. Paint all scratched or bare metal surfaces


text:
Comparative lifetime experiments are vital when the interest is in learning the overall benefits of two competing products with respect to their reliability. In this article, point and interval estimations for the unknown parameters of two Weibull- Fre ́chet populations based on joint progressive Type-II censoring samples are discussed. The point estimations for the two distribution parameters are obtained by the maximum likelihood, Bayes and parametric bootstrap methods. Moreover, approximate confidence intervals and credible intervals of the estimators have been obtained and compared with four bootstrap confidence intervals. Furthermore, Bayes estimators have been developed under squared error loss and linear exponential loss functions using independent gamma prior distributions when Gibbs sampler within the Metropolis-Hasting algorithm is applied to generate Markov chain Monte Carlo samples from the posterior density functions. A real data set is studied to illustrate the application of the proposed criteria. Finally, extensive simulation experiments have been performed to study the performances of the different methods.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
M. Shokr, Ethar; M. EL-Sagheer, Rashad; Khder, Moaiad; and S. El-Desouky, Beih
"Inferences for two Weibull Fre ́chet Populations under Joint Progressive Type-II Censoring with Applications in Engineering Chemistry,"
Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences: Vol. 16:
1, Article 8.
Available at: _URL_


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razer.conf(5) File Formats Manual razer.conf(5)
NAME
razer.conf - configuration file for the OpenRazer Daemon
DESCRIPTION
The ~/.config/openrazer/razer.conf ($XDG_CONFIG_HOME is respected, if set) file configures some startup and runtime options of the openrazer-daemon(8). openrazer-daemon(8) is able to use configuration files specified in non-standard locations by providing the --config argument.
The configuration file is formatted like a .INI file and is parsed by Python's ConfigParser.
EXAMPLE
An example file should be installed under /usr/share/openrazer/razer.conf.example.
SECTIONS
GENERAL
The first section in the configuration file is a [General] section. This section contains miscellaneous options.
verbose_logging bool
This flag specifies if the daemon is to output detailed logging information. This value acts the same as if -v or --verbose was passed at the command line.
STARTUP
The [Startup] section in the configuration file contains values to be used during startup, for example it can decide if syncing effects will be active when started.
sync_effects_enabled bool
This flag specifies if the effects syncing logic is active when the daemon is started, not having to wait for the user to activate them.
devices_off_on_screensaver bool
This flag specifies if the functionality to turn off razer devices when the screensaver is activated is active when the daemon starts.
mouse_battery_notifier bool
This flag specifies that notifications should be shown every ten minutes with the remaining battery level.
STATISTICS
The [Statistics] section in the configuration file contains options to control how and when statistics will be collected.
key_statistics bool
This flag specifies if the daemon is to collect key statistics. Currently this is only collecting the key count per hour per key.
SEE ALSO
openrazer-daemon(8)
2018-10-18


Lesson 10.4: Bug Fix – Removing multiple items from GroupedInventory
Mickey noticed a bug in the code, from the changes in Lesson 10.2, adding a GroupedInventory property for LivingEntity.
When we try to remove multiple items, like when completing a quest, it only removed one item. This lesson will fix the bug.
Lesson Steps
Step 1: Modify Engine\Models\LivingEntity.cs
There is a problem getting the "groupedInventoryItemToRemove" object on lines 147-148.
For unique items, we want to get the item that exactly matches the parameter. If a player has multiple swords (which will be unique items), we want to get the exact item, and remove it.
For non-unique items, we only need to get the GroupedInventory object with an ItemTypeID that matches the parameter's ItemTypeID.
So, change lines 147-148 to this:
GroupedInventoryItem groupedInventoryItemToRemove = item.IsUnique?
GroupedInventory.FirstOrDefault(gi => gi.Item == item) :
GroupedInventory.FirstOrDefault(gi => gi.Item.ItemTypeID == item.ItemTypeID);
This is a "ternary operator". It evaluates the calculation before the question mark. If that calculation is "true", it returns the first result (the part before the ":"). If it is "false", it returns the second result (the part after the ":").
It's another way to do a simple "if…else" statement.
So, if the passed-in object is unique, we will look for the first item that completely matches it. If it is not unique, we will find the first item with the same ItemTypeID.
We really should have unit tests for this project. So, after I finish this batch of refactoring lessons, I'll start creating those.
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2 thoughts on "Lesson 10.4: Bug Fix – Removing multiple items from GroupedInventory
 1. There's no real benefit. In fact, I would bet that both end up compiling into the exact same CLR (Common Language Runtime) code.
 I just like using the ternary operator when the condition of the "if" statement is not too long, and we're only using the "if" to assign a value to a single variable. It's fewer lines than writing an "if" statement with curly-braces (which is how I write all my "if" statements, to be consistent and clear), and slightly easier to understand the intent of the "if" (to set the value of a variable).
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increases fines by up to 1000%
increases fines by up to 1000%
The government referred to the National Assembly the draft law amending some provisions of Decree-Law No. 67 of 1976 regarding traffic, which included toughening traffic penalties, as the fine for exceeding the speed limit under it reached 500 dinars, and not less than 200 dinars, and some violations raised up to 1000 percent Among the most prominent fines contained in the project, and which became under the custody of the Parliamentary Interior and Defense Committee, are the following: - 500 dinars to bypass the red light, use of the phone, recklessness and speed.
And 200 dinars for children in the front seats, shading, loud noises, and smoke emissions. And 200 dinars to put stickers and drive without insurance for the vehicle and not adhere to the landlines.
And 150 dinars to walk and park on the sidewalks and not to fasten seat belts.
And 75 dinars for parking trucks and vehicles selling goods in residential areas and public facilities.
And 75 dinars for deliberately disrupting or blocking traffic.
Article (33 bis) states that, without prejudice to the measures prescribed in this law or to any more severe punishment in any other law, a penalty of imprisonment for a period not exceeding three months and a fine not exceeding five hundred dinars, and no less than two hundred dinars or either of these two penalties shall be imposed each. Whoever commits one of the following acts:
1 - Bypassing the red traffic light.
2 - Driving a vehicle with recklessness or negligence, exposing the driver or others to danger to their lives or property.
3 - violates the provisions of Article 28 of this law.
4 - Conducts a race for motor vehicles on the road without a permit or in violation of a permit, or conducts a gathering of motorized vehicles to use them recklessly or negligently or use them in a way that exposes the driver or others to danger to their lives or property.
5 - Exceeding the speed limit.
6 - He drove vehicles (buggies) in places other than those designated for them.
7 - He drove a vehicle against the direction of traffic on highways and circles.
8 - Use of handheld communication devices while driving.
9 - Driving an unlicensed motor vehicle without its metal plates or with its plates disbursed from the General Traffic Department, with changing some or all of the numbers or with non-disbursed plates from the General Traffic Department on which the original plate numbers are written or with different numbers written on them.
10 - Using the private car to transport passengers for hire without a permit.


MONCTON, N.B. -- At Moncton's Magnetic Hill Zoo, there's no shortage of things to see. From omnivores to herbivores, the zoo draws in hundreds of thousands of people every year.
The director of the zoo, Jill Marvin, hopes to create an even bigger draw by adding an African safari-themed expansion.
"We'll have African black-footed penguins in a new exhibit, then they will go off into the large Africa area, we have new habitats going up for our meerkats, for our that's phase one," says Marvin.
Marvin says phase one is estimated at $7.6 million and the goal is to have it completed by 2024.
"Sixty per cent of that is providing suitable habitats for our animals," said Marvin.
The zoo is looking to collaborate with the city, and the federal and provincial governments, on the project.
On Monday, Moncton city council directed staff to gather further information, including an economic impact study, preliminary design, and detailed cost estimates, to be brought back during the upcoming 2022 budget deliberations.
"They understand how this is a value to our region, it's a value to tourism, to our social pillar, and a great opportunity for people to get outdoors," says Marvin.
If approved, it would allow the zoo to expand and renovate current animal exhibits, while adding new exhibits for species like penguins and meerkats.
Over time, the project would include additional indoor habitats for animals that can't be exposed to colder temperatures, which will also extend the number of months that the zoo can be open.
The second phase is estimated to cost $11.2 million and has several elements, including providing the flamingos and otters with new habitats. Marvin says they'd like to see that completed by 2027.
"It will give an opportunity for our visitors to go out into some of our enclosures with our herbivores."
Marvin says the third phase will include a new events building and exhibits to house red river hogs and a giraffe.


Category Archives: GLM
Reserving with negative increments in triangles
A few months ago, I did published a post on negative values in triangles, and how to deal with them, when using a Poisson regression (the post was published in French). The idea was to use a translation technique:
 1. Fit a model not on _URL_ but on _URL_ for some _URL_
 2. Use that model to make predictions, and then translate those predictions, _URL_
This is what was done to get the following graph, where a Poisson regression was fitted. Black points are _URL_ while blue points are _URL_ for some _URL_ We fit a model to get the blue prediction, and then translate it to get the red prediction (on the _URL_
_URL_
In this example, there were no negative values, but it is possible to use it get a better understanding on the impact of this technique. The prediction, here, is the red line. And clearly, the value of _URL_ has an impact on the prediction (since we do not consider, here, a linear model: with a linear model, translating has not impact at all, except on the intercept).
The alternative mentioned in the previous post was to use this technique on several _URL_ and them interpolate
 1. For a given _URL_ fit a model not on _URL_ but on _URL_ use that model to make predictions, and then translate those predictions, _URL_
 2. Do it for several _URL_
 3. Use it to extrapolate when _URL_ is _URL_ (which is the case we are interested in).
In the context of loss reserving, the idea is extremely simple. Consider a triangle with incremental payments
> source("_URL_
> Y=T=PAID
> n=ncol(T)
> Y[,2:n]=T[,2:n]-T[,1:(n-1)]
> Y
 [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
[1,] 3209 1163 39 17 7 21
[2,] 3367 1292 37 24 10 NA
[3,] 3871 1474 53 22 NA NA
[4,] 4239 1678 103 NA NA NA
[5,] 4929 1865 NA NA NA NA
[6,] 5217 NA NA NA NA NA
Now, we do not have negative values, here, but we can still see is translation techniques can be used. The benchmark is the Poisson regression, since we can run it :
> y=as.vector(as.matrix(Y))
> base=data.frame(y,ai=rep(2000:2005,n),bj=rep(0:(n-1),each=n))
> reg=glm(y~as.factor(ai)+as.factor(bj),data=base,family=poisson)
Here, the amount is reserve is the sum of predicted values in the lower part of the triangle,
> py=predict(reg,newdata=base,type="response")
> sum(py[is.na(base$y)])
[1] 2426.985
which is exactly Chain Ladder's estimate.
Now, let us use a translation technique to compute the amount of reserves. The code will be
> decal=function(k){
+ reg=glm(y+k~as.factor(ai)+as.factor(bj),data=base,family=poisson)
+ py=predict(reg,newdata=base,type="response")
+ return(sum(py[is.na(base$y)]-k))
For instance, if we translate of +5, we would get
> decal(5)
[1] 2454.713
while a translation of +10 would return
> decal(10)
[1] 2482.29
Clearly, translations do have an impact on the estimation. Here, just to check, if we do not translate, we do have Chain Ladder's estimate,
> decal(0)
[1] 2426.985
The idea mentioned in the previous post was to try several translations, and then extrapolate, to get the value in 0. Here, translations will give the following estimates
> K=10:20
> (V=Vectorize(decal)(K))
 [1] 2482._PHONE_._PHONE_._PHONE_._PHONE_._PHONE_._PHONE_._PHONE_.649
 [9] 2526._PHONE_._PHONE_.001
We can plot those values, and run a regression
> plot(K,V,xlim=c(0,20),ylim=c(2425,2540))
> abline(h=decal(0),col="red",lty=2)
the dotted horizontal line is Chain Ladder. Now, let us extrapolate
> b=data.frame(K=K,D=V)
> rk=lm(D~K,data=b)
> predict(rk,newdata=data.frame(K=0))
 1
2427.623
On has to admit that it is not that bad. But yesterday evening, Karim asked me why I did use a linear regression, for my extrapolation. And to be honest, I do not know. I mean, the only answer might be that points are almost on a straight line. So the first time I saw it, I was exited, and I ran a linear regression.
Now, let us see if we can do better. Because here, we do use a translation of +10 or +20 (which might be rather small). What if we use much larger values ? (because we might have large negative incremental values). With the following code, we try, each time 11 consecutive values, the smallest one going from 0 to 50,
> hausse=1:50; res=rep(NA,50)
> for(k in hausse){
+ VK=k:(10+k)
+ b=data.frame(K=VK,D=Vectorize(decal)(VK))
+ rk=lm(D~K,data=b)
+ res[k]=predict(rk,newdata=data.frame(K=0))
+ }
> plot(hausse,res,type="l",col="red",ylim=c(2422,2440))
> abline(rk,col="blue")
Here, we compute reserves when extrapolations were done after 11 translations, from _URL_ to _URL_ With different values of _URL_ The case where _URL_ is ten was the one mentioned above,
> res[hausse==10]
[1] 2427.623
Actually, it might also be possible to consider not 11 translations, but 26, from _URL_ to _URL_ Here, we get
> hausse=1:50; res=rep(NA,50)
> for(k in hausse){
+ VK=k:(25+k)
+ b=data.frame(K=VK,D=Vectorize(decal)(VK))
+ rk=lm(D~K,data=b)
+ res[k]=predict(rk,newdata=data.frame(K=0))
+ }
> lines(hausse,res,type="l",col="blue",lty=2)
We now have the dotted line
Here, it is getting worst. So let us keep here 11 translations. Perhaps, we can try something different. For instance a Poisson regression, with a log like (i.e. we consider an exponential extrapolation),
> hausse=1:50; res=rep(NA,50)
> for(k in hausse){
+ VK=k:(10+k)
+ b=data.frame(K=VK,D=Vectorize(decal)(VK))
+ rk=glm(D~K,data=b,family=poisson)
+ res[k]=predict(rk,newdata=data.frame(K=0),type="response")
+ }
> lines(hausse,res,type="l",col="purple")
The purple line will be a Poisson model, with a log link. Perhaps we can try another link function, like a quadratic one
> hausse=1:50; res=rep(NA,50)
> for(k in hausse){
+ VK=k:(10+k)
+ b=data.frame(K=VK,D=Vectorize(decal)(VK))
+ rk=glm(D~K,data=b,family=poisson(link=
+ power(lambda = 2)


text:
Imagine working so hard being intensely focused; everything is running smoothly and right in the middle of your work, Bang!
The saw gets jammed, and the chain gets out of the place. Isn't it enough to annoy the heck out of you, right?
And the more disturbing thing is when you have to pause your work and call a mechanic every time because you have no idea how to put a chain back on chainsaw.
But why suffer when you can do all of this on your own? If you came here thinking the same thing, you just made the right decision!
Chainsaws are of different types so are their mechanisms. We have covered everything in this article, no matter what kind of chainsaw you seek to repair. So, let's get straight into it!
How to Put a Chain Back on Chainsaw in Easy Steps?
Place your chainsaw to a suitable surface and assemble all the required tools, have a look at these basic steps, and get ready to deal with the chain that is off its place.
- Disconnect the power source and loosen the two bolts holding the guide bar.
- Unscrew the chain tensioner and remove the chain.
- Before putting on the new chain, check out its direction, make sure that the teeth face the front of the guide bar, and place the chain properly.
- Put the chainsaw cover back while holding the chain in one hand and the guide bar in the other.
- Tighten the tension screws with a flat screwdriver and move it forward and backward to keep up the pace.
- Wear gloves while you do all that to keep yourself away from an injury while putting the chain back.
How to Put a Chain Back on an Electric Chainsaw?
- The first step is all about getting the old chain off the saw. To do this, you have to loosen the cutting bar that is holding the chain. There would be a knob on the right side of tool-free chainsaws that you have to turn, and in case chainsaws require tools, you'll have to deal with nuts and bolts nearby chainsaws.
- The next step is de-tensioning the chain to slack the entire chain off the cutting bar. Look for knobs near the cutting bar, and after turning them, you can get the whole chain off.
- This step is all about putting the chain back on the chainsaw. Choose the suitable chain, note the direction, and ensure that teeth are sharp enough to stay fitted ideally. Put it over the sprocket and keep it parallel to the cutting bar.
- Keep an eye on lugs if they are aligned correctly.
- Keep on tensioning the cutting bar for the time being to reach the correct tension point.
- Fasten the chain with the knobs and try moving it forward and backward to ensure reliability.
How to Put a Chain Back on Husqvarna Chainsaw?
Before everything, Plug off the Husqvarna chainsaw to prevent any sudden start-ups. Break the connection between the handle and chain brake with the handguard.
Loosen the nuts engaged with the clutch cover with a socket wrench or combination spanner.
- Remove the clutch cover along with a transportation ring holding a bolt inside.
- Put the chain out of the groove around the edge of the guide bar, detach it from the socket.
- Clean the sprocket if needed. Also, cleaning the oil ports with a finish nail or 14 gauge wire would work and put the bar back on the bolt.
- Start the fitting of the new chain from the top of the sprocket while passing through the edge of the bar ending right at the bottom of the sprocket. Keep the rims of cutting links facing forward.
- Reinstate the clutch cover and fasten the nuts.
How to Put a Chain Back on Stihl Chainsaw?
- Put off the Stihl saw and disengage the chain brake.
- Loosen the nuts holding the sprocket cover in an anti-clockwise direction until the guide bar starts wagging.
- Tighten the tension screw that is usually placed outside the guide bar on the lower and upper sides of the sprocket cover clockwise.
- Keep tensioning the chain until it is secured on the bottom of the guide bar.
- Keep moving the slight bar to the upper while tightening the nuts on the sprocket cover.
- Test the tension of the chain and make sure that it is moving smoothly.
How to put a Chain Back on a Ryobi Chainsaw?
- Once it gets loosened, Fix the chain back to the grooves gradually, keeping in mind the right direction, and position the chain accordingly.
- Take a screwdriver or flat blade nature and turn the slot present next to the chain's base.
- While putting chain back on the chainsaw, make sure that it is not too tightened nor too loose to keep up smoothly with the pace.
- Now the chain is tightened, fasten the nuts and continue with your work.
Explore: Are Ryobi Chainsaws Any Good?
How to put a Chain Back on Homelite Chainsaw?
Homelite chainsaws don't make a huge fuss and are already designed to be handled precisely by house owners that require regular maintenance.
- Detach chainsaw from any power source to prevent unexpected accidents.
- Flatten the chain and mold it in the form of a loop so that cutters are facing the direction of rotation.
- Fix the drive links into the grooves seated on the bar.
- Make the loop to get fitted around the sprocket.
- After placing the bar flush around the mounting surface.
- Adjust the bar studs on a long slit on the bar. The tension pit should already be in a pinhole.
- Replace the lock knob of the chain cover and then place it onto the unit.
- Tighten the tension knob clockwise to adjust the chain ideally.
- Before securing the chain cover knob, make sure that there is no slack left anymore to avoid any other glitches.
How to Put a Chain Back on Craftsman Chainsaw?
Being a heavy-duty chainsaw, putting the chain back on Craftsman saw might feel a little trickier than others, but you can accomplish it by following the steps below:
- Place the chainsaw on a level surface and disengage the brake by pulling the chain brake lever toward the saw handle.
- Unlatch the nuts holding the brake cover and make the chain turn freely
- Remove the guide bar plate together with the brake cover, detach the chain from the sprocket.
- Turn the tension nuts counterclockwise with the flat head screwdriver to loosen the grip.
- Pin the replacement chain around the sprocket and slide the guide bar over the two bolts
- Place the drive links onto the respective grooves while rotating the sprocket clockwise.
- Make sure that cutting edges present on drive links are facing the nose.
- Place the guide bar and chain cover back to their original position, give clockwise turns to tension to tighten the chain, and progress your work.
- Keep the fuel lines of the chainsaw away from any disturbance.
After a few trials, you would become a pro in putting the chain back on chainsaw, and then you won't have to look for a mechanic every now and then. Doing repairs on your own not only saves you time but also saves your maintenance cost, so do give it a try and get free of these side worries.
Happy working 🙂
- 10 Types of Chainsaw Explained in Detail for Homeowners - January 23, 2023
- What is Chainsaw Rake? A Guide for Beginners - January 21, 2023
- How to Remove Clutch from a Husqvarna Chainsaw in 7 Steps? - January 18, 2023


n(b-a) \,
MGF \frac{\mathrm{e}^{tb}-\mathrm{e}^{ta}}{t(b-a)}
CF \frac{\mathrm{e}^{itb}-\mathrm{e}^{ita}}{it(b-a)}
The (continuous) uniform distribution, as its name suggests, is a distribution with probability densities that are the same at each point in an interval. In casual terms, the uniform distribution shapes like a rectangle.
Mathematically speaking, the probability density function of the uniform distribution is defined as
f\colon[a,b]\to\R
f\left(x\right)={1 \over {b-a}}
And the cumulative distribution function is:
F\left(x\right)=
\begin{cases}
0, & \mbox{if } x \le a \\
{{x-a} \over {b-a}}, & \mbox{if } a < x < b\\
1, & \mbox{if } x \ge b
\end{cases}
Mean[edit]
We derive the mean as follows.
\operatorname{E}[X] = \int^\infin_{-\infin}xf(x) dx
As the uniform distribution is 0 everywhere but [a, b] we can restrict ourselves that interval
\operatorname{E}[X] = \int^b_a {1 \over {b-a}} x dx
\operatorname{E}[X] = \left.{1 \over (b-a)}{1 \over 2} x^2 \right|^b_a
\operatorname{E}[X] = {1 \over 2(b-a)}\left[ b^2-a^2 \right]
\operatorname{E}[X] = {b+a \over 2}
Variance[edit]
We use the following formula for the variance.
\operatorname{Var}(X) = \operatorname{E}[X^2]-(\operatorname{E}[X])^2
\operatorname{Var}(X) = \left[\int^\infin_{-\infin}f(x) \cdot x^2 dx\right]-\left({b+a \over 2}\right)^2
\operatorname{Var}(X) = \left[\int^b_a {1 \over {b-a}} x^2 dx\right]-{(b+a)^2 \over 4}
\operatorname{Var}(X) = \left. {1 \over {b-a}}{1 \over 3} x^3 \right|^b_a-{(b+a)^2 \over 4}
\operatorname{Var}(X) = {1 \over 3(b-a)}[b^3-a^3] -{(b+a)^2 \over 4}
\operatorname{Var}(X) = {4(b^3-a^3)-3(b+a)^2(b-a) \over 12(b-a)}
\operatorname{Var}(X) = {(b-a)^3 \over 12(b-a)}
\operatorname{Var}(X) = {(b-a)^2 \over 12}
External links[edit]
Normal Distribution[edit]
Probability density function
Probability density function for the normal distribution
The red curve is the standard normal distribution
Cumulative distribution function
Cumulative distribution function for the normal distribution
Notation \mathcal{N}(\mu,\,\sigma^2)
Parameters μR — mean (location)
σ2 > 0 — variance (squared scale)
Support xR
PDF \frac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}\,e^{ -\frac{(x-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2} }
CDF \frac12\left[1 + \operatorname{erf}\left( \frac{x-\mu}{\sqrt{2\sigma^2}}\right)\right]
Mean μ
Median μ
Mode μ
Variance \sigma^2\,
Skewness 0
Ex. kurtosis 0
Entropy \frac12 \ln(2 \pi e \, \sigma^2)
MGF \exp\{ \mu t + \frac{1}{2}\sigma^2t^2 \}
CF \exp \{ i\mu t - \frac{1}{2}\sigma^2 t^2 \}
Fisher information \begin{pmatrix}1/\sigma^2&0\\0&1/(2\sigma^4)\end{pmatrix}
Normal distribution is without exception the most widely used distribution. It also goes under the name Gaussian distribution. It assumes that the observations are closely clustered around the mean, μ, and this amount is decaying quickly as we go farther away from the mean. The measure of spread is quantified by the variance, \sigma^2 .
Some examples of applications are:
 - If the average man is 175 cm tall with a variance of 6 cm, what is the probability that a man found at random will be 183 cm tall?
 - If the average man is 175 cm tall with a variance of 6 cm and the average woman is 168 cm tall with a variance of 3cm, what is the probability that the average man will be shorter than the average woman?
 - If cans are assumed to have a variance of 4 grams, what does the average weight need to be in order to ensure that the 99% of all cans have a weight of at least 250 grams?
The density function is:
f_{\mu,\sigma} (x) = \frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} e^{-( x - \mu )^2 /2 \sigma^2}
where - \infty < x < \infty .
and the cumulative distribution function cannot be integrated into a single expression.
Normal distribution with parameters μ and σ is denoted as N(\mu,\sigma). If the rv X is normally distributed with expectation μ and standard deviation σ, one denotes: \!\,X \sim N(\mu,\sigma)
Probability mass function[edit]
To verify that f(x) is a valid pmf we must verify that (1) it is non-negative everywhere, and (2) that the total integral is equal to 1. The first is obvious, so we move on to verify the second.
\int^\infin_{-\infin} \frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} e^{-( x - \mu )^2 /2 \sigma^2} dx=\frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} \int^\infin_{-\infin} e^{-( x - \mu )^2 /2 \sigma^2} dx
Now let w={x-\mu \over \sigma \sqrt{2}}. We see that dw={dx \over \sigma \sqrt{2}}.
\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}} \int^\infin_{-\infin} e^{-w^2} dw
Now we use the Gaussian integral that \int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{-w^2}\,dw = \sqrt{\pi}
\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \pi}} \sqrt{\pi}=1
Mean[edit]
We derive the mean as follows
\operatorname{E}[X] = \int^\infin_{-\infin} x \cdot f(x) dx = \int^\infin_{-\infin}x \frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} e^{-( x - \mu )^2 /2 \sigma^2} dx
\operatorname{E}[X] = \int^\infin_{-\infin}[(x-\mu)+\mu] \frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} e^{-( x - \mu )^2 /2 \sigma^2} dx
\operatorname{E}[X] = \int^\infin_{-\infin}(x-\mu) \frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} e^{-( x - \mu )^2 /2 \sigma^2} dx + \int^\infin_{-\infin}\mu \frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} e^{


text:
Hot tapping is a method of employing an under pressure drilling machine to cut a hole in an operating pipeline or storage vessel which allows for a new branch connection from the existing pipe or vessel without any interruption to the flow.
Hot tapping is also the first procedure in line stopping, where a hole saw is used to make an opening the pipe, so a line plugging head can be inserted.
WHEN IT IS NEEDED?
You may face the following problems during pipe alteration & addition works:
- Insertion of a new branch in an operational pipeline
- Insertion of branch that require to drain off large amount of fluid
- Insertion or replacement of valve in an operational pipeline
- Preparing the pipeline for line stopping
HOT TAP PROCESS
Step 1: A hot tapping fitting is welded/bolted onto the existing pipe or storage vessel, at the location where the new branch is to be connected.
Step 2: A opened gate valve is installed on the hot tap fitting.
Step 3: Pressure test is carried out by using water pump and pressure gauge.
Step 4: The hot tapping machine is then mounted.
Step 5: Hot Tap operation is performed through the open valve.
Step 6: When the hot tap operation is completed, move back the cutter and close the gate valve. Drain off the water between the gate valve and the machine via the drain valve.
Step 7: The hot tapping machine is dismounted. A piece of the cut-off from the pipeline (known as the "coupon") is retrieved as an indication of the cut-out size. The gate valve is permanently mounted and a new branch can be connected from this location.
The components required for a typical hot tapping operation include a hot tap fitting designed to contain system pressure, a valve used to control the new connection and a hot tapping machine. The basic operation procedure is as follows:
- Install hot tap fitting and valve on existing pipeline.
- Install hot tapping machine.
- Perform hot tap through open valve and "coupon" is retrieved.
- Retract cutting assembly.
- Close hot tapping valve.
- Remove hot tap machine to allow for connection to new pipe.
Hot Tap Valve installed
Installing Hot Tap machine & start cutting
Hot Tap complete & coupon retrieved
Connecting branch after Hot Tap
We provide hot tapping service with the following advantages :
- One-Stop Service - Hot Tap accessories & service, insulation & piping works
- Convenient - No need for massive draining of fluid
- Hassle Free - Installation of valves, pressure & vacuum gauge, thermowell
- Reliable - Many years of hot tapping experience
- Cost Effective - Our hot tap services are price competitive
We are capable of providing hot tapping service for Tapping of various pipe material including carbon, galvanished and stainless steel, ductile and cast iron and metal pipe with concrete lining.
- Pipeline up to 48" (1200mm) diameter
- Operating pressure up to 2,000 psig
- Operating temperature up to 300°C
- Various pipe including oil, gas, water, steam or wastewater.
Technicians at Alstern Technologies are highly skilled and trained to operate and execute hot tapping operations. We have performed many such operations in various industries across the Asia Pacific region.


CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER - Man Page
verify the peer's SSL certificate
Synopsis
#include <curl/curl.h>
CURLcode curl_easy_setopt(CURL *handle, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, long verify);
Description
Pass a long as parameter to enable or disable.
This option determines whether curl verifies the authenticity of the peer's certificate. A value of 1 means curl verifies; 0 (zero) means it does not.
When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a certificate indicating its identity. Curl verifies whether the certificate is authentic, i.e. that you can trust that the server is who the certificate says it is. This trust is based on a chain of digital signatures, rooted in certification authority (CA) certificates you supply. curl uses a default bundle of CA certificates (the path for that is determined at build time) and you can specify alternate certificates with the CURLOPT_CAINFO(3) option or the CURLOPT_CAPATH(3) option.
When CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER(3) is enabled, and the verification fails to prove that the certificate is signed by a CA, the connection fails.
When this option is disabled (set to zero), the CA certificates are not loaded and the peer certificate verification is simply skipped.
Authenticating the certificate is not enough to be sure about the server. You typically also want to ensure that the server is the server you mean to be talking to. Use CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3) for that. The check that the host name in the certificate is valid for the host name you are connecting to is done independently of the CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER(3) option.
WARNING: disabling verification of the certificate allows bad guys to man-in-the-middle the communication without you knowing it. Disabling verification makes the communication insecure. Just having encryption on a transfer is not enough as you cannot be sure that you are communicating with the correct end-point.
When libcurl uses secure protocols it trusts responses and allows for example HSTS and Alt-Svc information to be stored and used subsequently. Disabling certificate verification can make libcurl trust and use such information from malicious servers.
Default
1 - enabled
Protocols
All TLS based protocols: HTTPS, FTPS, IMAPS, POP3S, SMTPS etc.
Example
CURL *curl = curl_easy_init();
if(curl) {
 curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "_URL_");
 /* Set the default value: strict certificate check please */
 curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1L);
 curl_easy_perform(curl);
}
Availability
If built TLS enabled.
Return Value
Returns CURLE_OK if the option is supported, and CURLE_UNKNOWN_OPTION if not.
See Also
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_VERIFYPEER(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3), CURLOPT_CAINFO(3), CURLINFO_CAINFO(3), CURLINFO_CAPATH(3),
Referenced By
curl_easy_setopt(3), CURLINFO_SSL_VERIFYRESULT(3), CURLOPT_CA_CACHE_TIMEOUT(3), CURLOPT_CAINFO(3), CURLOPT_CAINFO_BLOB(3), CURLOPT_CAPATH(3), CURLOPT_CERTINFO(3), CURLOPT_CRLFILE(3), CURLOPT_DOH_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3), CURLOPT_DOH_SSL_VERIFYPEER(3), CURLOPT_ISSUERCERT(3), CURLOPT_ISSUERCERT_BLOB(3), CURLOPT_PINNEDPUBLICKEY(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_CAINFO(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_CAINFO_BLOB(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_CRLFILE(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_ISSUERCERT(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_ISSUERCERT_BLOB(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_VERIFYPEER(3), CURLOPT_SSL_CTX_FUNCTION(3), CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3), CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYSTATUS(3), libcurl-security(3).
August 07, 2023 ibcurl 8.3.0 libcurl


text:
|INFORMATION||Home About this Site AGEC Home|
Best if printed in landscape.
North Dakota Oil and Gas Leasing Considerations
The purpose of this web site is to introduce fundamental questions or issues often considered by individuals who own land or mineral rights that are being developed by a mineral company. In this discussion, the focus will be on oil and gas production in rural or agricultural areas. Several assumptions underpin the discussion:
Based on these assumptions, this web site addresses several broad topics:
The information on this web site reflects the efforts of several individuals, in particular
Additional information about oil and gas exploration and production is available from numerous sites, such as
Exploration and production of North Dakota's oil resources is occurring at an accelerated rate. Increased prices for crude oil and the development of new technologies make it possible and profitable to drill for petroleum at greater depths. Improved methods have enabled oil companies to produce more petroleum from existing wells. Enhanced exploration techniques have helped locate large areas of central and eastern North Dakota having geology favorable for the discovery of new oil and gas deposits.
What does this mean for North Dakota landowners? Many individuals who have never thought much about their mineral rights will soon have to make decisions having considerable economic consequences. The "rules of the game" are ever changing, and mineral owners who will negotiate an oil and gas lease in the future should be especially alert to maximize their lease benefits.
Entering into a mineral lease is a business transaction; documented by means of a contract negotiated between a mineral owner and an oil and gas company. However, the exploration and production of oil and gas also are regulated by state law. This web site discusses concepts persons want to understand as they negotiate a mineral lease, but it also introduces the role of state regulation. For example, there will be a few topics where state law specifies the relationship between the mineral owner, surface owner, and the oil company, despite what the parties may have willing to agree to. More frequently, there will be situations where state law will be applied because the mineral owner and oil company overlooked a particular topic when negotiating a mineral lease. Understanding the interaction between state law and the opportunity for mineral owners and oil companies to negotiate an agreement is one objective of this web site.
Energy development is primarily a matter of state law; federal law has a lesser role in directing the exploration and production of minerals owned by individuals. Accordingly, much of the discussion in this web site focuses on North Dakota law. Persons involved with mineral ownership and development in another state should consult a person knowledgeable about mineral laws in that state. There will be similarities as well as differences among the laws of the states. Do not assume that each issue is addressed the same way in every state.
As will be stated many times on this web site:
Seek appropriate professional counsel before
taking action involving mineral rights.
PARTIES OR ENTITIES INVOLVED IN OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT
This web site focuses on four different roles or perspectives relating to oil and gas production in North Dakota. These perspectives are introduced in this section.
Even though oil and gas production can be described as having these four primary perspectives, each perspective may involve more than one person or entity. The various perspectives brought to the interactions among the different parties can be a source of legal issues or disputes.
PURPOSE OF WEB SITE
Providing information to help the citizens of North Dakota better understand the oil and gas exploration and production process and related leasing considerations fits within the objectives of the NDSU Extension Service. Oil and gas companies also will benefit from this educational effort. An informed public is less apprehensive and easier to deal with, which should reduce the number of disagreements caused by misunderstanding the leasing process and the need for various leasing provisions to protect both the mineral owner and oil company.
Specifically, the purpose of this web site is to:
Mineral leasing is a matter of negotiation, and mineral owners should be aware of a number of basic factors before beginning these negotiations. Less-experienced or uninformed mineral owners may be at a disadvantage in arranging for the future use of their mineral resources. Topics discussed in this web site were chosen either because they may be of special concern to mineral owners or because they are basic to the structure of an oil and gas lease.
NEED FOR LEGAL ADVICE
Negotiating a mineral lease will likely begin with an oil company offering the mineral owner a standard or form lease for the mineral owner to consider. Even though the mineral owners may feel they need to accept the terms offered by the company, a mineral lease can be negotiated. Mineral owners should familiarize themselves with relevant questions and potential issues, carefully review any offered lease (perhaps with the assistance of a knowledgeable attorney), and offer appropriate alternative lease language. A company interested in the minerals will not necessarily reject the mineral owners' proposal.
Before a lease is signed, an attorney knowledgeable in the oil and gas leasing area should review the lease offered by the company to determine if it meets the specific needs of the mineral owner. Seeking legal advice when a problem arises after the lease is signed may be too late. At that point, the lease is a legal contract and resolution of the problem may be difficult.
Likewise, always get knowledgeable legal advice in drafting a mineral deed, royalty assignment, or deed to land containing a mineral or royalty assignment. Drafting these documents is highly technical and legal matter. Knowledgeable legal assistance can avoid possible problems and resulting disagreements and lawsuits.
This web site contains several pages, however, an individual unfamiliar with oil and gas exploration and production process may want to read that brief introduction next.
Last Updated August 29, 2010
This material is intended for educational purposes
only. It is not a substitute for competent legal counsel. Seek appropriate
professional advice for answers to your specific questions.
|NDSU Home Phone Book Campus Map NDSU Search College of Agriculture|


text: A dynamically weighted directed network (DWDN) is frequently encountered in various big data-related applications like a terminal interaction pattern analysis system (TIPAS) concerned in this study. It consists of large-scale dynamic interactions among numerous entities. Moreover, as the involved entities increase drastically, it becomes impossible to observe their full interactions at each time span, making a corresponding DWDN high-dimensional and incomplete. However, it contains vital knowledge regarding involved entities' behavior patterns. To extract such knowledge from DWDN, this paper proposes a novel Alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)-based Nonnegative Latent-factorization of Tensors (ANLT) model. It adopts two novel ideas: a) building a data density-oriented augmented Lagrangian function for efficiently handling a tensor's incompleteness and nonnegativity; and b) splitting an optimization task in each iteration into an elaborately designed subtask series where each one is solved based on the previously solved ones following the ADMM principle to achieve fast model convergence. Experimental results on two large-scale DWDNs from a real TIPAS demonstrate that the proposed ANLT model outperforms state-of-the-art models significantly in both computational efficiency and prediction accuracy when addressing missing link prediction on DWDW.


text:
Research at Durham University claims to show kids are put off taking Latin GCSE because it is too hard – about a grade harder than other supposedly "hard" subjects. That is to say, if you can get a grade C at Latin, you'd be in the running for a B in Physics or German. And teachers, it's said, have too much of an eye on the league tables to persuade their pupils to take the risk.
At least this is a change from the usual story about Latin. More than a third of all takers get the top A* grade (compared with less than 4% in Business Studies and around 6% in German – or, going the other way, 55% in Greek). And 60% in Latin get A* and A combined. How easy it must be, some wonder.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


w3resource
Python: Compute the radius and the central coordinate (x, y) of a circle which is constructed by three given points on the plane surface
Python Basic - 1: Exercise-39 with Solution
Write a program to compute the radius and the central coordinate (x, y) of a circle which is constructed from three given points on the plane surface.
Input:
x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 separated by a single space.
Sample Solution:
Python Code:
# Prompt the user to input three coordinates of the circle
print("Input three coordinates of the circle:")
x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 = map(float, input().split())
# Calculate distances between points
c = (x1 - x2)**2 + (y1 - y2)**2
a = (x2 - x3)**2 + (y2 - y3)**2
b = (x3 - x1)**2 + (y3 - y1)**2
# Calculate the cross-product
s = 2 * (a * b + b * c + c * a) - (a**2 + b**2 + c**2)
# Calculate the central coordinate of the circle
px = (a * (b + c - a) * x1 + b * (c + a - b) * x2 + c * (a + b - c) * x3) / s
py = (a * (b + c - a) * y1 + b * (c + a - b) * y2 + c * (a + b - c) * y3) / s
# Calculate the radius of the circle
ar = a**0.5
br = b**0.5
cr = c**0.5
r = ar * br * cr / ((ar + br + cr) * (-ar + br + cr) * (ar - br + cr) * (ar + br - cr))**0.5
# Print the radius and central coordinate of the circle
print("Radius of the said circle:")
print("{:>.3f}".format(r))
print("Central coordinate (x, y) of the circle:")
print("{:>.3f}".format(px), "{:>.3f}".format(py))
Sample Output:
Input three coordinate of the circle:
 9 3 6 8 3 6
Radius of the said circle:
3.358
Central coordinate (x, y) of the circle:
6.071 4.643
Explanation:
The above Python code takes as input three pairs of coordinates representing the points on a circle. It then calculates the radius and central coordinate of the circle based on these input coordinates using geometric formulas. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
 - Input Coordinates:
 - The user is prompted to input three pairs of coordinates (x, y) representing points on a circle.
 - Calculate Distances:
 - The code calculates the squared distances between pairs of points using the distance formula.
 - Calculate Cross-Product and Central Coordinate:
 - It computes a cross-product and uses it to calculate the central coordinates (px, py) of the circle.
 - Calculate Radius:
 - The code computes the radius of the circle using the squared distances between points.
 - Print Results:
 - The radius and central coordinates of the circle are printed with three decimal places.
Flowchart:
Flowchart: Python - Compute the radius and the central coordinate (x, y) of a circle which is constructed by three given points on the plane surface
Python Code Editor:
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Previous: Write a Python program to print the number of prime numbers which are less than or equal to an given integer.
Next: Write a Python program to check if a point (x,y) is in a triangle or not. There is a triangle formed by three points.
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text: The Corte armchair comes from the idea of splitting the volume by segmenting it in slices, hence comes its name. Each one of the sections has a different outline. Side by side, this contours model the curvature of the seat and back. It's as if, slicing the armchair and reassembling its pieces, the chair was one step from both its construction and its deconstruction. It contains the full and the empty: the repetition of its equal and different rims mirrored through the center create a resonance that goes beyond the piece itself, echoing in an imaginary movement.


text:
DataCurrent is a comprehensive, SaaS based application designed to help identify, quantify and address the challenges of Inflow & Infiltration (I-I). The easy-to-use, ESRI based solution provides up-to-date analysis regarding the flow rates and capacities within your existing sanitary sewer pipes. It's 24/7, secured online access helps you consolidate and analyze both historical and real-time sewer flow and rainfall data of water infrastructure assets.
Benefits of utilizing the DataCurrent platform?
Secure, simple and inexpensive data warehousing services available 24/7 from anywhere via any browser.
Utilize real-time monitoring and alerts to provide insights into I-I quantification and to reduce the risks of property damage from flooding or sewer overflows.
Optimize the capacity of your existing sewer network to accommodate future growth.
Access, consolidate and analyze your historical and real-time sewer flow and rainfall data.
- Analyse flow monitoring, rainfall data and system I-I response used to explain causes of flooding and develop remediation measures.
- Extraneous I-I identification, location and quantification of wet-weather flow in sanitary sewers for system capacity analysis.
- Real-time monitoring and alarming of measured rain using gauges to monitor and/or alert flooding or sewer overflow potential.
- Monitors and analyses rainfall in various locations and interpolates the data to assess other non-monitored locations – referred to as "Distributed Rainfall Modelling Technique"(DRMT).
- Analysis of rainfall radar data in combination with rain gauge rainfall data to produce improved rainfall coverage maps.
- Incorporates Historical Data, Real-Time/Monitored Data, Asset/Asset Condition Data, As-Built Drawings, Shapefiles/Geodatabase, Time Series Data, Field Inspection Data, CSV, Excel, PDF & Video.
- IDF Analysis of rainfall data to compare observed events to the appropriate design Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves and define return rain periods (Forensic Analysis).
1) Flow monitoring and data analysis to develop rainfall versus storm water runoff response curves for calibrating drainage system models used to explain causes of flooding and develop remediation measures.
2) Identification of the location and quantification of the extraneous I/I during wet-weather flow in sanitary sewers for use in sanitary sewer system capacity analysis.
3) Real-time monitoring and alarming of measured rain using rain gauges to alert or trigger operations staff of specific flooding or sewer overflow potential.
4) Monitoring and analyzing of the rainfall amounts in various locations to assess the amount of rain in other non-monitored locations – also referred as 'Distributed Rainfall Modelling Technique' (DRMT).
5) Analysis of rainfall radar data in combination with rain gauge rainfall data to produce improved rainfall coverage maps.
6) Analysis of recent rainfall records to develop rainfall Intensity-Duration curves for comparing with the area's design Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves and define the return periods of observed events (Forensic Analysis).
7) Development of new Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves for designing drainage system infrastructure (sewers, channels, storage facilities).


text:
Autopot® Smart Pump Set
A Plant Driven Pumping System
This unique pump set was developed specifically for Autopot® Systems.
The Autopot® Smart Pump Set pressurises the feed line so that you can position a growing module anywhere you can place the tubing. This means that you are no longer limited by the logistics of having to locate all your growing modules beneath where you position your gravity tank. As the 12V pump works by detecting a drop in pressure, as soon as a Smart-valve begins to release another cycle of water to a growing module, this will trigger the pump to start delivering water and nutrients down the line until the feed line re-pressurises (i.e. when each Smart-valve in the system becomes closed after having been filled).
What does installing the Autopot® Smart Pump Set mean?
- You can place a growing module anywhere up to approximately 20ft higher than where your Autopot® Smart Pump Set is located.
- The Autopot® Smart Pump Set has been tested to work over a kilometre of tubing, so the unit doesn't have to be anywhere near your plants - you can place it in a shed or garage.
- You can connect up to 1000 pots to this unit, so once you find that you have to fill your gravity tank too frequently to supply enough for your expanding system, then the Autopot® Smart Pump Set can supply a virtually limitless amount of water (assuming you have it connected to the mains).
The decision to install a pump system is usually governed by economics. It is often cheaper to put in a pump assisted system than it is to install a large tank, or when there are space limitations that make a large tank difficult to site.
WHAT IS SO SPECIAL ABOUT THIS PUMP SET?
The answer lies with the fact that this is….A PLANT DRIVEN PUMPING SYSTEM .
That is, the plants decide when the pump should work and not us. This can only be made possible when used in conjunction with the Smart-valves developed by the Autopot® Systems.
This pumping system is very energy efficient. It starts only when there is a need to refill any one of the Autopot® units as demanded by the plant. Usually only one or two Autopot® units require watering at any one time. Hence, the pump is not made to work continuously.
12V DC diaphragm pump.
Powered by either a battery (plus a means to keep the battery charged e.g. solar) or a mains converter/transformer.
Comes with two part nutrient dosers.
Can run dry for hours.
Generates high working pressure,
Can deliver nutrient solution up to 20 feet high.
Photo: Autopot® pump set delivering water and nutrient to various Autopot® modules growing fruits and vegetables.


text:
Importance sampling for analysis of direct detection optical communication systems
Mandayam, Narayan B.
Optical Code Division Multiple Access; Importance Sampling; Efficient Simulation Techniques
Analytical solutions of the performance of optical communication systems are difficult to obtain and often, Monte Carlo simulations are used to achieve realistic estimates of the performance of such systems. However, for high performance systems, this technique requires a large number of simulation trials for the estimates to be in a reasonable interval of confidence, with the number of trials increasing linearly with the performance of the system. We apply an importance sampling technique to estimate the performance of direct detection optical systems, where the "gain" of importance sampling over Monte Carlo simulations is shown to increase linearly with the system performance. Further, we use this technique to study the performance of optical communication systems employing avalanche photodetectors as well as fibre-optic code division multiple access systems (FO-CDMA). We also show that the quick simulation technique developed can be used for a wide variety of coding schemes, and for the first time, we present a comparative analysis of the performance of FO-CDMA systems employing optical orthogonal codes and prime sequences. In all cases, it is shown that importance sampling simulations require less than 50-100 trials for estimating error probabilities of 10-10 and below.
MetadataShow full item record
- ECE Publications


text:
November 24, 2017
Expression (12 Dimensions of Culture #7)
Conceal vs. Reveal
Expression is the seventh of the 12 Dimensions of Culture that KnowledgeWorkx uses to map out the intercultural terrain. If you haven't already, you should read our article introducing the 12 Dimensions.
Have you ever been in an intercultural situation where you found someone else's behavior completely inappropriate? Or one where you simply couldn't read the other person, and found them cold? The Expression dimension is about how much emotion it is appropriate to show in a given context.
Whereas the Connecting dimension was all about how inclusive or exclusive your physical space is and how you share information, expression is all about how much you reveal or conceal your true emotions and the unspoken rules that govern that expression.
In a reveal-oriented culture you find people's true emotions easily reflected in their expressiveness, their use of their body in terms of hands and facial gesturing, and the language they use. In these cultures, it is okay to frequently reveal frustration, disappointment, anger, joy, excitement, approval, and so on. While they are quick to express emotion, people from these cultures might also be quicker to forget, let go, and move on after an emotion has been expressed.
In a conceal-oriented culture the expression of emotion is restrained.You are taught as a child to constrain yourself, to be disciplined, to not show your anger, frustration, disgust, and so on. When an emotion is shown, that emotion is taken very seriously, especially if it is a negative emotion.
When what's revealed isn't what's really going on
In some reveal-oriented cultures, the emotions that are expressed are not the emotions that the person feels, but rather, the appropriate emotion to express at a given time to accommodate a relationship or a specific situation. Emotions are revealed that aren't really there; acted; played; pretend. This may be more prevalent in Honor/Shame and Power/Fear worldviews, and can be seen as inconsistent, un-transparent, or even deceitful by people from a more Guilt/Innocence worldview.
Negotiations in the Arab world are a good example of where expression can be a theatre piece. To negotiate a deal you act, and play, to test the other party. You act sad, and see how the other party responds. Act disappointed and see how they respond. You crack a joke to deflate things, and then you put pressure on again… and see how they respond. You continually experiment with emotions in the negotiating process.
Learn how to measure emotion and ascertain the correct dosage in Email and Life
It's important to on the one hand learn how reveal cultures work: whether there are genuine emotions vs. theatrically enacted emotions, and on the other hand to learn how to measure emotion and use the right dosage and appropriate expression in a concealing environment:
The unspoken rules that govern revealing and concealing emotions face to face also extend to email. Of course, expression of emotion in email is a big challenge to begin with, but some cultures have more of a tendency to attempt it than other cultures.
In general, in an intercultural environment, positive emotions in emails are not a problem, but the best choice is to not display negative emotions in email at all. Negative emotions are better talked through face to face if possible, or, if not possible, at least over the phone.
When you're in an intercultural situation, keep a careful watch on how you reveal your emotions, and which emotions are appropriate to reveal in a given situation.
Check out more articles on our KnowledgeWorkx Resource page.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


text:
This term children have been experimenting with 'ephemeral' art using a range of natural resources.
Lisa Terreni is a lecturer at Victoria University of Wellington College of Education and also a practicing artist. In one of her papers she talks about "creating environmentally friendly 'ephemeral' art". 'Ephemeral' means that the work is temporary and will last for a short time. She goes on to say that "ephemeral art is often made with materials that are at hand and left in the environment where the work was created". She suggests that "giving young children an organised selection of natural materials for ephemeral art-making is one very successful way to get children to re-use materials. This type of art-making involves design and patterning, creates maths opportunities such as grouping and sorting. Most importantly they can be used to deepen children's learning about the aesthetic qualities of materials, enhance an appreciation of the inherent beauty in the materials, and deepen their respect for these taonga."
As this type of art work can not be taken home by the children photographs may be used as a means to capture the creations and provide opportunity for children to revisit their work.
So next time you are at the beach maybe you could have a hunt around with your children for some shells, driftwood, feathers, stones etc and create your own piece of ephemeral art. And any collections of natural materials will certainly be enjoyed by the children at Kindergarten and used to create stunning creations.
Watch our art wall for our next mini expo!