an ambassador is to represent the voice of MLOps across the BAA team with the intent to ensure that the AI R&D is leveraging MLOps and spreading awareness across the team.
Roles and responsibilities of the MLOps Ambassador Team
Figure 1: Roles and responsibilities of the MLOps Ambassador Team
Building out a proof of concept to gain hands-on experience with Kubeflow and TFX
We previously wrote about our experience applying TensorFlow to an already-published project in Image Classification of Race Cars. Our next step was to build a proof of concept from the ground-up, leveraging the power of MLOps through an end-to-end Kubeflow-based ML pipeline.
The aim was to build a POC that would serve as a more powerful search tool on the WWT homepage, taking in natural language inputs to output the relevant articles and content for customers and employees navigating the website. As an additional challenge, we decided to leverage Google's language model, BERT-Small (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), which has over 110,000 training parameters. This complex combination of Kubeflow on AWS with a BERT-Small model stretched our team's thinking allowed us to deeply understand the pros and cons of this novel environment.
The visual below goes into how MLOps played a role in the entire process, offering increased modularity and a decreased in the amount of compute required, especially during the ingest and data processing step of the pipeline.
building an MLOps pipeline
Figure 2: Kubeflow allowed us to traverse a smooth pipeline from start-to-end
Building out an accessible and comprehensive MLOps training platform
While our role as an AI R&D team is to expand our current day capabilities by stretching the limits of what new tools and technology we operate with, we were aware that a lot of these learnings can dissipate without regularly maintained and updated training resources for the rest of our team to leverage.
Moving to new methods of operation and learning can be significant sources of friction for any data science team and increasingly more so for those with a higher number of operational models and teams. Therefore, we decided that integrating foundational organizational change management (OCM) components to this broader rollout of MLOps within our team would ensure that our gradual shift to these processes would be as streamlined as possible.
The creation of such a training platform and pathway for our data science team was a key push of the MLOps Ambassador group, especially with the organic interest we received from the broader BAA group as we showcased our POC.
Instead of boiling the ocean to collate a set of randomized training material, our process involved creating four personas that we defined as the primary interactors with MLOps tools in any organization.
Four primary personas for training
Figure 3: Four primary personas for training
We then sought to create a set of expected skills and capabilities for each of these personas and mapped each one either to an existing or home-grown training resource, with a lot of learnings extracted from our development of the POC mentioned earlier in this article.
The data science team has been getting to "touch and feel" Kubeflow, KALE and MiniKF to try and get exposure to a variety of tools so that we are prepared as we start to develop a formalized offering.
Our current training platform consists of a Wiki, as well as a resource center available to all members across the BAA team, with relevant links to resources and a recording of all the learning curves, road bumps and learnings our data science team come across as they get hands-on learning with a variety of MLOps platforms. Below is a description of our data-science team's current training efforts, which we hope to continually build and mature.
different training groups and their respective efforts
Figure 4: The different training groups and their respective efforts so far
Considering our development of internal MLOps capabilities, we have been engaged in some exciting business development opportunities with interested clients. This is evidence of the maturing market and our readiness to get ahead of the curve to respond aptly.
Our efforts are to continually develop a formalized MLOps offering to supplement our current analytics and AI offerings, offering the degree of scale that more technologically mature organizations seek.
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Project focus during our time on the AI R&D Ops rotation
Novel application of reinforcement learning
The R&D Operations team collaborates closely with WWT data scientists who are always welcome to work on R&D projects but who, when on rotation, work in pairs on a project chosen by the PSP.
During the past few months, multiple data scientist rotations tackled the same novel project, an exciting new application of reinforcement learning (RL) in the data center networking space. We were particularly excited about the research because of the way this project brings together different areas of WWT expertise, from core IT infrastructure to advanced analytics. The data scientist rotations made excellent progress, iterating through several different RL algorithms and reward matrices to find the most effective combination.
Now the problems to solve are more network engineeringand development-oriented, so the next data scientists on rotation will move on to experiment with different data sets and objectives. But there is more to come on this application of RL, so keep an eye out for future updates.
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New publications
On top of the major project for of the R&D Program over the last three months, the data scientists involved with the program also completed and documented two additional projects from the certified backlog. Their efforts represent the benefit of opening up the slate of projects deemed interesting by the PSP, allowing the data scientists additional opportunity to learn and get a head start on experimenting outside of their project work.
The resulting papers were the first to work through the newly formalized peer review process and are also indicative of the increasing breadth of the R&D community across WWT, as more groups and areas of the company become interested to be involved in the exciting R&D work.
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What's next?
Another highlight of the past few months has been the number of new and exciting technologies coming to market, even in the midst of COVID-19. The R&D team would like to highlight the following technology in particular for its applicability to WWT and our partners.
It's time to admit something. This article was not really written by a person...
It was, in fact, written by several people! Though we are very excited though about the possibility of custom-prompted and artificially generated prose that is indistinguishable from real human-created text, this article truly was written by the authors. As is clear from some lighthearted examples of fake content generated by OpenAI's new language model GPT-3 (here and here), we are closer than ever before to being able to speak to computers and have them answer.
This last and even more advanced model, described in a recently released paper, builds off OpenAI's 2019 success using scale to create a production-ready generalized pretrained text (GPT) response generator. OpenAI's engineers again leveraged an astronomically sized training data set and millions more parameters for the latest edition, and the organization has opened an API access point to their GPT-3 model for experimentation by academic, commercial and individual collaborators.
The AI R&D Program has a surfeit of ideas and use cases ready to tackle with GPT-3's help, so stay tuned for future articles once we have hopefully been granted beta API access!
In the future, the R&D Team will continue to encourage new ideas and experimentation as we solidify the MLOps capability, push forward different RL applications and experiment with new technologies. We are excited to continue bringing more people from across WWT into the program and to establish and expand our external partnerships. The R&D Operations Team will continue developing processes and operations to enable data scientists and engineers to realize and publicize their ideas and ongoing efforts.
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s.
delete :: Key -> IntSet -> IntSet Source #
O(min(n,W)). Delete a value in the set. Returns the original set when the value was not present.
Combine
union :: IntSet -> IntSet -> IntSet Source #
O(n+m). The union of two sets.
unions :: Foldable f => f IntSet -> IntSet Source #
The union of a list of sets.
difference :: IntSet -> IntSet -> IntSet Source #
O(n+m). Difference between two sets.
intersection :: IntSet -> IntSet -> IntSet Source #
O(n+m). The intersection of two sets.
Filter
filter :: (Key -> Bool) -> IntSet -> IntSet Source #
O(n). Filter all elements that satisfy some predicate.
partition :: (Key -> Bool) -> IntSet -> (IntSet, IntSet) Source #
O(n). partition the set according to some predicate.
split :: Key -> IntSet -> (IntSet, IntSet) Source #
O(min(n,W)). The expression (split x set) is a pair (set1,set2) where set1 comprises the elements of set less than x and set2 comprises the elements of set greater than x.
split 3 (fromList [1..5]) == (fromList [1,2], fromList [4,5])
splitMember :: Key -> IntSet -> (IntSet, Bool, IntSet) Source #
O(min(n,W)). Performs a split but also returns whether the pivot element was found in the original set.
splitRoot :: IntSet -> [IntSet] Source #
O(1). Decompose a set into pieces based on the structure of the underlying tree. This function is useful for consuming a set in parallel.
No guarantee is made as to the sizes of the pieces; an internal, but deterministic process determines this. However, it is guaranteed that the pieces returned will be in ascending order (all elements in the first submap less than all elements in the second, and so on).
Examples:
splitRoot (fromList [1..120]) == [fromList [1..63],fromList [64..120]]
splitRoot empty == []
Note that the current implementation does not return more than two subsets, but you should not depend on this behaviour because it can change in the future without notice. Also, the current version does not continue splitting all the way to individual singleton sets -- it stops at some point.
Map
map :: (Key -> Key) -> IntSet -> IntSet Source #
O(n*min(n,W)). map f s is the set obtained by applying f to each element of s.
It's worth noting that the size of the result may be smaller if, for some (x,y), x /= y && f x == f y
Folds
foldr :: (Key -> b -> b) -> b -> IntSet -> b Source #
O(n). Fold the elements in the set using the given right-associative binary operator, such that foldr f z == foldr f z . toAscList.
For example,
toAscList set = foldr (:) [] set
foldl :: (a -> Key -> a) -> a -> IntSet -> a Source #
O(n). Fold the elements in the set using the given left-associative binary operator, such that foldl f z == foldl f z . toAscList.
For example,
toDescList set = foldl (flip (:)) [] set
Strict folds
foldr' :: (Key -> b -> b) -> b -> IntSet -> b Source #
O(n). A strict version of foldr. Each application of the operator is evaluated before using the result in the next application. This function is strict in the starting value.
foldl' :: (a -> Key -> a) -> a -> IntSet -> a Source #
O(n). A strict version of foldl. Each application of the operator is evaluated before using the result in the next application. This function is strict in the starting value.
Legacy folds
fold :: (Key -> b -> b) -> b -> IntSet -> b Source #
O(n). Fold the elements in the set using the given right-associative binary operator. This function is an equivalent of foldr and is present for compatibility only.
Please note that fold will be deprecated in the future and removed.
Min/Max
findMin :: IntSet -> Key Source #
O(min(n,W)). The minimal element of the set.
findMax :: IntSet -> Key Source #
O(min(n,W)). The maximal element of a set.
deleteMin :: IntSet -> IntSet Source #
O(min(n,W)). Delete the minimal element. Returns an empty set if the set is empty.
Note that this is a change of behaviour for consistency with Set – versions prior to 0.5 threw an error if the IntSet was already empty.
deleteMax :: IntSet -> IntSet Source #
O(min(n,W)). Delete the maximal element. Returns an empty set if the set is empty.
Note that this is a change of behaviour for consistency with Set – versions prior to 0.5 threw an error if the IntSet was already empty.
deleteFindMin :: IntSet -> (Key, IntSet) Source #
O(min(n,W)). Delete and find the minimal element.
deleteFindMin set = (findMin set, deleteMin set)
deleteFindMax :: IntSet -> (Key, IntSet) Source #
O(min(n,W)). Delete and find the maximal element.
deleteFindMax set = (findMax set, deleteMax set)
maxView :: IntSet -> Maybe (Key, IntSet) Source #
O(min(n,W)). Retrieves the maximal key of the set, and the set stripped of that element, or Nothing if passed an empty set.
minView :: IntSet -> Maybe (Key, IntSet) Source #
O(min(n,W)). Retrieves the minimal key of the set, and the set stripped of that element, or Nothing if passed an empty set.
Conversion
List
elems :: IntSet -> [Key] Source #
O(n). An alias of toAscList. The elements of a set in ascending order. Subject to list fusion.
toList :: IntSet -> [Key] Source #
O(n). Convert the set to a list of elements. Subject to list fusion.
fromList :: [Key] -> IntSet Source #
O(n*min(n,W)). Create a set from a list of integers.
Ordered list
toAscList :: IntSet -> [Key] Source #
O(n). Convert the set to an ascending list of elements. Subject to list fusion.
toDescList :: IntSet -> [Key] Source #
O(n). Convert the set to a descending list of elements. Subject to list fusion.
fromAscList :: [Key] -> IntSet Source #
O(n). Build a set from an ascending list of elements. The precondition (input list is ascending) is not checked.
fromDistinctAscList :: [Key] -> IntSet Source #
O(n). Build a set from an ascending list of distinct elements. The precondition (input list is strictly ascending) is not checked.
Debugging
showTree :: IntSet -> String Source #
O(n). Show the tree that implements the set. The tree is shown in a compressed, hanging format.
showTreeWith :: Bool -> Bool -> IntSet -> String Source #
O(n). The expression (showTreeWith hang wide map) shows the tree that implements the set. If hang is True, a hanging tree is shown otherwise a rotated tree is shown. If wide is True, an extra wide version is shown.
Internals


text:
Header photo courtesy of Sharron Podleski, AKC Breeder of Merit
Dalmatians won our hearts when Disney made a whole movie about them. But do you know where Dalmatians came from? Here are six interesting facts you didn't know about this breed:
1. Their Origins Are Mysterious
No one knows exactly where the Dalmatian originated. This may be because Dalmatians have often traveled with Romani people, who are historically nomadic. The Dalmatian takes his name from a place called Dalmatia, a province of Austria on the Eastern shore of the coast of Venice. We know for sure that the breed had a stronghold there, though we cannot be positive that it was their country of origin.
2. The Breed Is Very Old
Even though we don't know exactly where they came from, we do know Dalmatians have been around for a long time. Spotted dogs have been found painted on the walls of Egyptian tombs, running alongside chariots.
3. They Have Served Many Different Purposes
In times of war, Dalmatians served as sentinels at the borders of Dalmatia and Croatia. They have also been herding, ratting, and hunting dogs. The Dalmatian is also the only dog breed that was bred for "coaching," which means running alongside a stagecoach and clearing crowds out of the way, so the horses could pass through.
4. Fire Departments Used Them as Coach Dogs
Dalmatians are famous for being firehouse dogs. This is because Dalmatians used to serve as coaching dogs for horse-drawn fire coaches. With the invention of fire trucks, the Dalmatians weren't really needed anymore. But many firehouses still keep Dalmatians as mascots.
5. Dalmatian Puppies Have No Spots at Birth
If you've seen "One Hundred and One Dalmatians," you may remember that Pongo and Perdita's 15 puppies are all white when they're born. Like real Dalmatians, they only get their spots as they grow older.
6. Their Coats Are One-of-a-Kind
Just like no two people have the same fingerprints, no two Dalmatians have exactly the same pattern of spots. Someone should have told Cruella de Vil that Dalmatians are not good coat material, because every section of the coat would have been different.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


SecurityGroupContextResponse
class aws_cdk.cx_api.SecurityGroupContextResponse(*, allow_all_outbound, security_group_id)
Bases: object
Properties of a discovered SecurityGroup.
Parameters:
 - allow_all_outbound (bool) – Whether the security group allows all outbound traffic. This will be true when the security group has all-protocol egress permissions to access both 0.0.0.0/0 and ::/0.
 - security_group_id (str) – The security group's id.
ExampleMetadata:
fixture=_generated
Example:
# The code below shows an example of how to instantiate this type.
# The values are placeholders you should change.
import aws_cdk.cx_api as cx_api
security_group_context_response = cx_api.SecurityGroupContextResponse(
 allow_all_outbound=False,
 security_group_id="securityGroupId"
)
Attributes
allow_all_outbound
Whether the security group allows all outbound traffic.
This will be true when the security group has all-protocol egress permissions to access both 0.0.0.0/0 and ::/0.
security_group_id
The security group's id.


text:
Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Cooperative inquiry, also known as collaborative inquiry was first proposed by John Heron in 1971 and later expanded with Peter Reason. The major idea of cooperative inquiry is to "research 'with' rather than 'on' people." It emphasizes that all active participants are fully involved in research decisions as co-researchers. Cooperative inquiry creates a research cycle among four different types of knowledge: propositional knowing (as in contemporary science), practical knowing (the knowledge that comes with actually doing what you propose), experiential knowing (the feedback we get in real time about our interaction with the larger world) and presentational knowing (the artistic rehearsal process through which we craft new practices). The research process iterates these four stages at each cycle with deepening experience and knowledge of the initial proposition, or of new propositions, at every cycle.
- Stage 1: The first reflection phase that determines topics and methods of inquiry. This phase involves primarily propositional knowing.
- Stage 2: The first action phase, usually within the group, that tests the agreed actions, records outcomes from the testing, and observes if the actions conform to the original ideas from Stage 1. This stage involves primarily practical knowing.
- Stage 3: A second action phase, usually by individuals in their everyday life outside the group, where the experiences and the consequences of one's new inquiries in action can generate profound new feelings and awarenesses. In this stage, the experiences may lead to new fields, actions and insights that depart from the original ideas. This stage involves primarily experiential knowing.
- Stage 4: The second reflection phase when, in the group, co-researchers reflect on their experiences and the data collected in Stages 2 and 3. Now they may re-frame the original ideas and amend inquiry procedures. In this stage, co-researchers also decide whether to proceed to further cycles in the inquiry processes. This stage involves primarily presentational knowing, developing new images and ways of acting. This leads back to propositional knowing, if the inquiry group decides to start a next cycle.
The following figure illustrates the four cognitive modes and stages in Cooperative Inquiry process cycle (Figure is taken from John Heron's Co-operative Inquiry, pp.56, 1996)
Figure 1 Co-operate Inquiry Life Cycle
- Reason & Bradbury, Handbook of Action Research. London: Sage, 2001.
- Heron, J. 1996. Cooperative Inquiry: Research into the human condition. London: Sage.
- Reason, P. & Rowan, J. 1981. Human Inquiry: A Sourcebook of New Paradigm Research. London: Wiley.
- Reason, P. 1995. Participation in Human Inquiry. London: Sage.
- John Heron's home page: _URL_
- Peter Reason's home page: _URL_
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Nutrition: Group Education
Background on Group Education
guy with fruit
expandWhat are group education strategies?
collapseWhat are group education strategies?
 - Through group education interventions, trained nutrition instructors or facilitators (e.g., dietitians, health educators) provide information and resources as part of group interactions to increase knowledge, skills and support related to increasing consumption of nutritious foods.
 - Group education interventions may include presentations as well as individual or group activities that occur in classrooms (e.g., schools, colleges or universities), community centers, WIC clinics, recreational facilities, worksites and other desired locations. Guided by a detailed nutrition curriculum, these interventions can:
 - highlight the association between what we eat and health outcomes (e.g., fat intake and obesity),
 - promote behavioral change (e.g., purchase foods with less sugar; eat more fruits and vegetables),
 - improve knowledge and skills related to the benefits of nutritious foods (e.g., increased energy, weight loss) and challenges with making lifestyle changes (e.g., skill-building for healthy food preparation), and
 - influence social support or group norms (e.g., sharing recipes or strategies for overcoming challenges).
expandHow does group education impact nutrition-related behaviors?
collapseHow does group education impact nutrition-related behaviors?
 - For many individuals, the group is a natural setting. People are often taught in groups, live in groups and play in groups. Social interaction can be a key aspect of the developmental process as individuals learn by observing others and the results of their actions. Therefore, group education interventions can be most effective if they take into consideration both individual characteristics (e.g., knowledge, skills) and group circumstances (e.g., social norms, peer pressure). For example, it may be more helpful to have different group members talk about how eating more nutritious foods and establishing healthy eating patterns has helped them feel better physically and mentally, as opposed to simply describing the relationship between nutrition and health.
expandHow can I use group education strategies in my nutrition intervention?
collapseHow can I use group education strategies in my nutrition intervention?
 - Group education interventions may be incorporated into existing education interventions (e.g., health education classes in schools, cooking classes at a local grocery store) or held independently.
 - Group education can be designed to meet the needs of general audiences or specific groups (e.g., "targeted messages"). For example, the group education interventions can address the special needs of populations with particular health concerns (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease), adolescent girls (e.g., basic identity questions, peer pressure), or those who prepare foods for others (e.g., school cafeteria staff).
expandWhat type of group education is best for my nutrition intervention?
collapseWhat type of group education is best for my nutrition intervention?
 - Groups set up primarily for prevention (i.e., education or skills training to encourage nutritious eating patterns such as reducing consumption of fat, sugar, or sodium and increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, or fiber in order to minimize risk of disease and disability).
 - Groups concerned with specific health conditions and their improvement (i.e., education or skills training to help individuals with various health conditions such as obesity, arthritis, heart disease, or diabetes to lose or maintain weight, balance important nutrients, or avoid specific types of foods).
 - Groups related to general life adjustments, self-management, and lifestyle (i.e., education or skills training to increase individual's capacity to consume nutritious foods as part of daily or weekly routines such as minimizing fast food intake, providing fruit and vegetable snacks, preparing foods with nutritious ingredients, or reducing portion sizes).
 - Groups with other quality of life concerns such as improved appearance (e.g., weight, acne), increased athletic performance (e.g., training for a marathon), or spiritual beliefs (e.g., connection between physical, mental and spiritual health).
expandWith whom do I need to work to develop a group education strategy for my nutrition intervention?
 - To develop your group education intervention, you will need to work with experienced health educators. Other useful partners may include senior centers/independent living facilities, community centers, community organizations, coalitions, schools, worksites, health departments, researchers, community members, and community leaders.
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Oxytocin definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
Definition of Oxytocin
Oxytocin: A hormone made in the brain that plays a role in childbirth and lactation by causing muscles to contract in the uterus (womb) and the mammary glands in the breast. Animal studies have shown that oxytocin also has a role in pair bonding, mate-guarding, and social memory.
Oxytocin is a peptide (a compound consisting of 2 or more amino acids) that is secreted by the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. Oxytocin is related to another hormone called vasopressin.
Last Editorial Review: 8/28/2013
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text:
Fungal disease likely to hit wheat crop due to rain
Farm experts on Saturday asked wheatgrowers in Punjab to guard their crop against any fungal diseases like Yellow Rust and Karnal Bunt due to rain and cloudy weather conditions.chandigarh Updated: Feb 23, 2013 16:39 IST
Farm experts on Saturday asked wheatgrowers in Punjab to guard their crop against any fungal diseases like Yellow Rust and Karnal Bunt due to rain and cloudy weather conditions.
"Already the inoculum is well spread in Punjab's sub mountainous districts of SBS Nagar, Ropar, Hoshiarpur and Gurdaspur," a spokesman of Punjab Agricultural University said. he further added that the wheat crop can be vulnerable to yellow rust due to the current weather in the state.
Last month, some wheat crop in Punjab and Haryana including Ropar, Nawanshahar and Ambala were hit by the yellow rust disease, which attacks leaves of wheat crop by forming yellow stripes and affects their photosynthesis activity that causes shrivelling of grain size.
He said apart from yellow rust development, the current weather can also cause Karnal bunt in wheat,a fungal disease that turns parts of wheat grain blackish and brittle, which adversely affects the grain quality.
Rains continued to lash many places in Punjab and Haryana for the third day on Saturday.
Punjab government, this year, has projected a higher wheat output of over 170 lakh tonne if weather conditions remain favourable.
Punjab had achieved highest wheat production of 179.82 lakh tonne in 2012-13 season.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A cube of side 5cm is immersed in water and then in saturated salt solution. In
When a person is floating on the liquid the net buoyant force = weight of the liquid displaced( Vρg )
or 53 cm3
ρ is density of the liquid.
So, if the density water is more then the buoyant force is more. So, the buoyant force is more in the case of saturated salt solution due to greater density then water.
If each side of cube is reduced and then immersed in water, buoyant force will also decrease by above given relation
So, the net buoyant force becomes = V'ρg
where V' be the new volume, V = 64 cm3.


text:
Months ago, we talked about Google I/O, an annual event held by the tech company to announce changes to its core products. With the Google Play Console was no different and, starting this Thursday (01), more data analytics insights are available.
Google knows the importance of the app metrics and how they are critical to the success of your app. Metric changes were made precisely to make them more accurate and expansive than before, so you can better understand your most important processes.
Change of function and nomenclature
One of the differences you'll find when tracking metrics is in the names. Google Play Console now has different names and functionality in almost all of its parsing configurations.
In most of them, it will be common to see an increase in numbers, because the changes made it possible to identify data more accurately. See one by one:
What's New in Google Play Console?
As we can see, metrics are more accurate. But, there are other news. One of them, for example, is the inclusion of user and device feedback data, a key metric for mobile experts.
Among other new features in the Developer Console statistics page, now you can:
- Select users or devices, acquisitions or losses;
- Define your interests: new users, returns or all users;
- Measure periodic events;
- See analysis graphs automatically, with the biggest changes over a selected time period for a given dimension, making it easy to see the top contributors to your top metrics;
- Configure and save metric reports as desired for easy retrieval and common analysis
- Receive suggested reporting to find interesting ways to combine your data for more valuable analysis,
- Download data configured as CSV within the interface.
The ability to "save report" will make it easier for specialists, who will now be able to return to the statistics page without changing any previous settings.
What about periodic metrics?
As changes begin in early August, you will have to wait to close a monthly cycle to be able to measure results for a full month. The same goes for longer periods such as a quarter, semester or year.
Learn everything mobile with RankMyApp!
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text:
Developing Future Space Workers: Leadership Needed Today
Creative new approaches that bring together government, industry, and the education sectors are key to the health of the space workforce in the long term. This paper discusses the critical need for continued public-private partnerships and investment in space-related STEM education; the need for leaders from all space sectors to champion STEM education while expanding and diversifying opportunities; the role of non-degree, non-STEM training in the space sector; and the need for a truly national strategy that includes a centralized index of space-specific STEM education initiatives. Leaders must think now about tomorrow's U.S. space workforce. Strategic investments in STEM education today will lead to a stronger space workforce 25 years from now.
Hear from experts in this episode of #TheSpacePolicyShow "Keeping the Space Workforce Strong".


text:
The Man in the High Castle: the novel where one alternate history meets another.
Phillip K. Dick's novel The Man In The High Castle depicts a dark alternative future in which the Axis powers beat the Allies in World War 2. In the history of The Man In The High Castle, the United States of America as we know it has been disbanded and split into three occupied territories: the Pacific States of America, occupied by Imperial Japan, the United States of America, occupied by Nazi Germany, and the Rocky Mountains buffer zone, with sparse shared occupation. The story takes place in the 1960s in the Pacific States of America and centers around the protagonists' struggles with Axis authorities resulting from their possession and consumption of a fictional banned book.
Why is a Fictional Banned Book Worth Writing an Entire Book About?
The banned book that drives conflict in the story is called The Grasshopper Lies Heavy. Written by an eccentric recluse named Hawthorne Abendsen, The Grasshopper Lies Heavy depicts an alternative past in which the Axis powers actually lost the second World War. Later in the novel, we learn that Hawthorne Abendsen is terrified of being killed for writing the book, and lives a paranoiac life in a remote fortified compound which is nicknamed the "High Castle". This, of course, makes Abendsen The Man In The High Castle. With Japanese and Nazi occupation frequently imposing upon everyday life, it is no surprise that a book describing their downfall would be banned in their occupied territories and authors of such material would be prosecuted or murdered.
Despite the ban, there is a vibrant and easily accessible underground market for copies of the book, and it is wildly popular among both the remaining resistance cells and the general American public. While the book is so ubiquitous as to being a mere misdemeanor-level charge for possession, those who print or distribute the book are frequently stalked and assassinated by the occupation's secret police force, the SD. Much of the novel's plot revolves around the main characters attempting to warn Abendsen about an undercover SD agent's plans to assassinate him.
Things are Pretty Bad
Before the reader learns more about the content or genesis of The Grasshopper Lies Heavy, there is considerable exposition describing the main alternate history in which The Man In The High Castle itself takes place. The main point of emphasis is that the victory of the Axis powers over the democracies of the world was absolute, a mirror-perfect opposite of the victory of the Allies in our reality. All allied countries are occupied to the gills with frequently-brutal Axis agents, and, much like the USA and the USSR after our version of the war, Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany are now locked in a worldwide Cold War, with both jockeying for control of their history's Third World. Both superpowers have hydrogen bombs, and so are unwilling to directly fight each other, though they have no qualms about nuking third parties.
The Italian Empire also makes an appearance, though it is clear that it is still a proxy state of Nazi Germany and uninvolved in occupation, fighting insurgencies, or genocide. There are no remaining pockets of armed resistance to Axis occupation in the USA or any of the allied countries, though it is implied that ongoing armed resistance is occurring in places where the two superpowers are fighting proxy wars. In short, there appears to be no hope for a reversal of fortunes and a return to our version of history.
To make matters worse, the Nazis have begun to colonize the other planets of the solar system. Phillip K. Dick's deep understanding of the Nazi love of massive public projects and initiatives shines very strongly here. On Earth, the Nazis are pursuing extensive terraforming, draining the Mediterranean to make more room for farmlands and flooding vast portions of the Sahara to make habitable oases for German colonies.
The project of genocide has been expanded to Africa (considered to be the final cleansing project) after the complete destruction of all Jewish, Arabic, Persian, and Slavic peoples. Germans have colonized all of the depopulated areas, and, with citizens encouraged to reproduce with luxurious government support, have more than trebled their population in the two decades since the end of the war, showing no sign of stopping. The "Forever Reich" appears to be on track to overtake Imperial Japan, with a seemingly endless supply of soldiers, agents, and material. This is frequently lamented by the protagonists, as the Japanese are considered to be the less brutal of the two occupiers.
The Grasshopper Lies Heavy
The Grasshopper Lies Heavy is thus, on the surface, an escapist fantasy for the citizens of the occupied territories, written by a paranoid man who is sheltered by his delusions. What Abendsen conjectured as the most likely path for victory of the Allies is quite different from what happened in our reality. Abendsen's version of history has the US avoiding the destruction of its Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, and instead using its power to beat the Japanese in conventional naval warfare quite quickly. After Japan's defeat in the Pacific, the USA and the United Kingdom shuffle millions of troops to the eastern front to aid the Soviets at Stalingrad, resulting in a tsunami-like collapse and total annihilation of the Nazi armies, capped by a rapid conquest of Berlin. War crimes trials result in the hanging of relevant Nazis, despite the Holocaust being nipped in the bud.
As the Holocaust was of a greatly reduced magnitude, there is less worldwide stigma against ethnic hatred and violence, resulting in the United Kingdom becoming an imperialistic and racist (though not genocidal) empire after the war, whereas the USA quickly heals its racial wounds and avoids the Jim Crow laws to gracefully become the world's bastion of multicultural liberal democracy and diversity. This rift results in a new Cold War between the UK and the USA, which is where The Grasshopper Lies Heavy ends.
To act as a counter-balance for our 17 best sci-fi novels by female writers, we decided to take a look at lesser known science fiction from the Golden Age (and a few more recent entries) and unearth some of the best, underappreciated (or completely forgotten about) classic science fiction books from the celebrated male authors of the time. Experimental, controversial, or just plain weird, these written works evaded most anthologies, [Click here to read more…]
Ancient Chinese Divination Isn't Perfect
The book-within-a-book's interpretation of an alternate history is complicated further by Abendsen's liberal use of the I-Ching, an ancient Chinese divination technique. According to Abendsen's testimony to the protagonists attempting to warn him about his imminent assassination, using the I-Ching gave Abendsen a glimpse of a world in which the Axis had lost the war. This vision was then encoded into The Grasshopper Lies Heavy, which Abendsen claims is so popular because it connects to the aspect of people's eternal spirit which recognizes that the reality they live in is "false", and should not have occurred. Far from being skeptical, one of the protagonists immediately buys into Abendsen's revelation, having a strong gut feeling that the history Abendsen saw was, in fact, the "true" way that events should have turned.
Thus, The Man In The High Castle ends, leaving us with the image of Abendsen having departed from his fortified bunker and instead living in a simple home with his family, bereft of fear since the successful interception of the assassination attempt, and liberated from the existential angst of a lost happier potential reality by sharing his methodology for its discovery. Blissfully content that somehow everything will be all right, it's hard to see Abendsen as mentally stable, given his circumstances.
Featured Image: Amazon / The Man in the High Castle adaptation


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Photonics: Sensing on the way
Published online 01 August 2012
Hollow optical fibers containing light-emitting liquids hold big promises for biological sensing applications
Schematic illustration of a hollow fiber. The chemiluminescent liquid in the core (yellow) is guided through the fiber, also with help of further hole structures (dark blue).
Processing biological samples on a small substrate the size of a computer chip is becoming a common task for biotechnology applications. Given the small working area, however, probing samples on the substrate with light can be difficult. To address this issue, Xia Yu and co-workers at the A*STAR Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology have now developed an optical fiber system that is able to deliver light to microfluidic chips with high efficiency1.
"Our compact optical fibers are designed for use with high-throughput detection systems," says Yu. "They are ideal for use in space-restrictive locations."
A common way of probing biological samples is by light. In this method, the sample is excited by an external light source and the light emitted in response is detected, which provides a unique fingerprint of the substance. Conventional techniques are able to deliver light to samples and probe the response, but they are not very efficient at probing a small sample volume. A solution to this is to use optical fibers that are able to guide light to small spaces. The drawback with this technique, however, has been that it can be difficult to insert the external probe light into the optical fiber with sufficient efficiencies.
Yu and her co-workers have now circumvented this problem by using optical fibers with a hollow core (see image). The empty hollow core can be filled with liquids — in this case, with chemiluminescent solutions. The liquid is important to promote the transport of light through the core. In addition, these solutions consist of two liquids that when brought together initiate a chemical reaction that emits light. If such a solution is placed directly within the hollow core the problem of coupling light into the fiber is circumvented. This not only avoids external light sources but also promotes an established technology.
"The use of chemical luminescence is a common technique for a variety of detection assays in biology," says Yu. "By incorporating the emission mechanism into optical fibers, we can use it as a light source for sensing applications in microfluidics systems."
First tests for such sensing applications are already underway, although some challenges remain. For example, there might be losses in the light emitted by the fluid if the emitted light is not perfectly confined within the fiber. Such problems can be solved through improved fiber designs and an appropriate choice of materials, and applications of these fibers for microfluidic systems are promising.
The A*STAR-affiliated researchers contributing to this research are from the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology
- Yu, X. et al. Chemiluminescence detection in liquid-core microstructured optical fibers. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 160, 800–803 (2011). | article


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Shipping Container Design for Intermodal Shipping
The computer was important to shipping container design even in the 1950s at the beginning of the containerization revolution. In 1956 Matson Navigation Company, a shipper who dominated traffic between the west coast of the U.S. and Hawaii, used computers to analyze thousands of shipments. Matson concluded that the 20-25 foot container was optimal.
Another important feature of shipping container design were the heavy steel corner posts developed specifically to support stacking. Matson's freighters were specifically designed to handle six high stacks of shipping containers.
Matson turned computer power to analyzing the design of its cranes at Alameda and other ports and as a consequence improved load times to 400 tons per hour, which was 40 times the average manual load time from longshoremen. Cranes were specifically designed to meet the task of unloading standardized size containers loaded both in the holds and on the decks of Matson freighters.
The newly invented electric cranes traveled on rails placed on both sides of the ship so containers could be unloaded efficiently row by row. After the first row was removed, the practice of roll-on, roll-off occurred, with loading and unloading taking place simultaneously. Approximately every 3 minutes a crane would complete a cycle of rolling on, and rolling off containers.
Early shipping container design requirements dictated that freighters be outfitted with a structure of metal cells built to hold containers in place. They were 1 1/4 inches longer than the container, and ¾ inch wider and had cell guides that the crane operator had to ease the container in to. This was the design for the Ideal-X, the first container ship. The new design allowed for roll-on, roll-off loading and unloading, which is much more efficient than doing each in a separate process.
A refrigerated version of the container came along in the 1950s which had a cooling unit inside so these containers could be stacked like normal units. The hinges were designed to be recessed, again, to facilitate stacking. Castings on each of the eight corners contained an oblong hole used to put in a twist lock device to fit into the corners as boxes were stacked
An important aspect of shipping container design, the locking device, greatly impacted trucks as well. The locking mechanism on the trucks used to haul containers from the Ideal-X and other container ships saved time because it meant that the truck could be loaded and leave immediately rather than taking up time and space at the port having the cargo chained down.
Ships also had to be redesigned to handle increasingly large loads of cargo. By 1969 ships specifically designed for the roll-on/roll-off cargo containers were carrying 1000 to 1200 20-foot (TEU) equivalents of containers on the North Atlantic routes and 1300 to 1600 TEU on the Asian routes. These new container ships were designed to go 50% or more faster than conventional freighters.
Shipping container design, and its impact on crane and freighter design, had come a long way by 1969 from its beginning in the mid-1950s.


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POINT CLOUD DERIVED FROMVIDEO FRAMES: ACCURACY ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNINGAND DIGITAL CAMERA DATA
Keywords: Dense image matching, 3D modelling, data integration, image sequence, HBIM, video frames selection
Abstract. The use of image sequences in the form of video frames recorded on data storage is very useful in especially when working with large and complex structures. Two cameras were used in this study: Sony NEX-5N (for the test object) and Sony NEX-VG10 E (for the historic building). In both cases, a Sony α f = 16 mm fixed focus wide-angle lens was used. Single frames with sufficient overlap were selected from the video sequence using an equation for automatic frame selection. In order to improve the quality of the generated point clouds, each video frame underwent histogram equalization and image sharpening. Point clouds were generated from the video frames using the SGM-like image matching algorithm. The accuracy assessment was based on two reference point clouds: the first from terrestrial laser scanning and the second generated based on images acquired using a high resolution camera, the NIKON D800. The performed research has shown, that highest accuracies are obtained for point clouds generated from video frames, for which a high pass filtration and histogram equalization had been performed. Studies have shown that to obtain a point cloud density comparable to TLS, an overlap between subsequent video frames must be 85 % or more. Based on the point cloud generated from video data, a parametric 3D model can be generated. This type of the 3D model can be used in HBIM construction.


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Special Discounts for Pupils, Newly Called & Students
Browse Secondhand Online
At its heart this collection of essays concerns the current state of Indonesian environmental law, departing from the question of whether there is now a coherent and accessible framework for environmental management. The authors provide the reader with an overview of Indonesian environmental policymaking and the political context in which it has emerged. The essays analyse the general features and principles of the Environmental Management Act of 1997, the frameworks for enforcement and dispute resolution, and the relation with the vital areas of forestry law and spatial planning. Two more theoretical discussions that are highly topical in the Indonesian legal environmental discourse contextualise the subject: first, the use and role of the vital concepts of integration, harmonisation and co-ordination of environmental law and policy; and second, the relation between enforcement and voluntary compliance mechanisms. The authors also explore potential paths towards better environmental law in Indonesia.


If you've ever tried to send a custom email message and noticed a strange status for it, don't panic! There are a few different options you might see for your email messages under the Status column. Here's what those mean:
When a business sends out a mass email for the first time or to a large recipient list, the email is sent through our spam detection filters. Your message should go out after a short time once it has made it through the filter system. No need to send your message again if your email is pending; it will indeed go out. 👍
This means that your message is in the process of being sent out. You'll see the number of recipients increase as the email is sent out. Again, no need to send out the message again if it is queued, because this will result in your clients receiving multiple emails.
This means that your message has been successfully sent! You can see how many recipients were included, any bad emails, and when it was sent.
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This means that your message has not been sent. This is most likely due to the system catching multiples of the same email and only sending out the first.
If you ever have concerns about the status of your message, click the chat bubble in the lower right corner of your screen or email us at _EMAIL_ and let us know! We'd be more than happy to help. 😃
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Hardness of Nevada's water varies from city to city.
|City||Water Hardness Data|
|Jackpot 89825||310 PPM (mg/L) or 18 gpg|
|Las Vegas 89108 | 89110 | 89121 | 89115||278 PPM (mg/L) or 16 gpg|
|Bunkerville 89007||310 PPM (mg/L) or 18 gpg|
|Reno 89502 | 89506 | 89509 | 89523 | 895||38 PPM (mg/L) or 2 gpg|
What is the hardness of our water? It is classified as'very hard' because the hardness of our water is 267 parts per million or 16 grains per gallon, which is higher than the national average.
Is Las Vegas Hard water bad for You?
Las Vegas has hard water as a result of our principal water supply, the mineral-rich Colorado River, which supplies the city with water.The taste of calcium and magnesium may be left behind in river flows when they dissolve into the water, despite the fact that they are naturally plentiful and safe.However, your hard water (267 parts per million or 16 grains per gallon) poses no health risks and complies with all applicable water-quality regulations.
Where does Las Vegas get most of its water?
Lake Mead supplies around 90 percent of your water needs. The majority of the water in the lake comes from snowmelt in the Rocky Mountains, which flows down the Colorado River into the lake. A deep underground aquifer underneath the Las Vegas Valley provides the remaining water, which amounts to around 10% of total water supply.
Is the water in Vegas hard or soft?
Las Vegas has the second hardest water in the United States, according to a recent analysis by Homewater 101. This, of course, isn't exactly breaking news. When water includes a high concentration of dissolved minerals, it is referred to as ″hard water.″ The hardness of the water supplied by the Las Vegas Valley Water District is 278 parts per million, or 16 grains per gallon of water.
Who has the hardest water in the US?
- Hard water is found in the following cities: San Antonio, Texas
- Tampa, Florida
- Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Jacksonville, Florida
- Indianapolis, Indiana
- San Jose, California
- Las Vegas, Nevada
- and Kansas City, Missouri
What type of water does Las Vegas have?
Hard water is found in the following places: Texas: San Antonio, Florida: Tampa, Minnesota: Minneapolis, Minnesota: Jasper, Florida: Indianapolis, Indiana: San Jose, California: Las Vegas, Nevada: Kansas City, Missouri:
How contaminated is Las Vegas water?
In Las Vegas, there is a lot of lead. Lead Pollution in Drinking Water Homes constructed before 1986 are the most vulnerable to lead contamination. According to the 2020 study, 10 percent of drinking water samples tested for lead in Las Vegas include levels greater than 3.9 parts per billion, with some samples registering as high as 5.6 parts per billion in some cases.
Does Las Vegas need water softener?
It's possible that hard water is already causing significant damage to your property. Simple reality is that if you purchase a property in Las Vegas, you will want a water softening system of some sort in order to battle the long-term impacts of hard water on your plumbing.
Is Las Vegas water good?
The tap water in Las Vegas is among the safest to drink anywhere in the country. The Southern Nevada Water Authority meets or exceeds all of the Environmental Protection Agency's water quality standards, and it is widely regarded as an international leader in water management.
What is the pH of Las Vegas water?
Water Quality Summary for the Las Vegas Valley Water District for 2021
|pH||7.8||pH units (1)|
|RADIUM 226 AND RADIUM 228 (Combined)||<1||pCi/L|
Does Las Vegas water have chlorine?
The city of Las Vegas treatments its water with high concentrations of chlorine. However, while there are valid reasons for this, it may be a source of anxiety for those who are concerned about their health.
Does hard water cause GREY hair?
When you wash your hair with hard water, there are a variety of undesirable outcomes. It can cause brittle and lifeless hair, broken ends, premature greying, and thinning as a result of this condition.
Which state has the softest water?
States with a Soft Water Supply In general, the states with the softest water in the United States are located in the southeastern region of the country. It should be noted that Florida is the only state in the Southeast that does not normally have soft water; instead, it has hard to extremely hard water.
Can hard water cause baldness?
This is due to a buildup of minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, in the water's water supply system. This results in a film being formed on the hair, making it harder for moisture to permeate the hair. As a result, the hair becomes dry and brittle, making it more prone to breaking. If you don't take care of these problems, it might possibly result in hair loss.
How deep is the water table in Las Vegas?
Groundwater in the Las Vegas Valley is derived from three primary aquifer zones, which are normally located between 300 and 1,500 feet below the surface of the earth. The drinking-water supply is shielded from surface pollution by a layer of clay and fine-grained sediments that covers much of the valley and provides protection from surface contamination.
How deep is the water table in Nevada?
It is estimated that 300 to 1,500 feet below the surface of the groundwater in the Las Vegas Valley is supplied by three primary aquifer zones. Surface pollution is prevented from reaching this drinking-water source by a layer of clay and fine-grained sediments that blankets much of the valley.
Does Las Vegas get water from Lake Mead?
Approximately 90 percent of the water used in Las Vegas comes from the Colorado River, which drains into Lake Mead. The level of Lake Mead is presently at its lowest point in recorded history. According to the Southern Nevada Water Authority, the remaining 10% of the region's municipal water supply is derived from groundwater sources.


Cannon boy
First name origins & meanings:
 1. French: Official of the church
 2. Old English: Knowing
 3. Old French: Cannon
First name variations: Cannan, Canning, Kanon, Canon, Canal, Canon, Chann, Channe, Channon, Channing
Last name origins & meanings:
 1. Irish: Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Canann or Ó Canann (Ulster), or Ó Canáin (County Galway) 'son (Mac) or descendant (Ó) of Canán', a personal name derived from cano 'wolf cub'. In Ulster it may also be from Ó Canannáin 'descendant of Canannán', a diminutive of the personal name.
 2. English: from Middle English canun 'canon' (Old Norman French canonie, canoine, from Late Latin canonicus). In medieval England this term denoted a clergyman living with others in a clergy house; the surname is mostly an occupational name for a servant in a house of canons, although it could also be a nickname or even a patronymic.
Famous people who gave their babies this name: Larry King
This name appears in the following lists: Poets
Comments for Cannon
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A storm-runoff relation for streams in the urban areas of Memphis was determined by a statistical evaluation of 59 flood discharges from 19 gaging stations. These flood discharges were related to drainage area, percent imperviousness of the drainage basin, and rainfall occuring over 120-minute periods. The defined relation is Q=m3A*777A - .02 tI,,,,P + 1j-227 (1120).539(t120).40 where Q is flood discharge in cfs, A is drainage area in square miles, IMP is percent imperviousness in the basin, and I120 is rainfall in inches, over 120 minute time period. The defined relation was used to synthesize sets of annual flood peaks for drainage basins ranging from .05 square miles to 10 square miles and imperviousness ranging from 0 to 80 percent for the period of rainfall record at Memphis. From these series of flood peaks, frequency relations were defined and presented for 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 year recurrent intervals.
Additional publication details
USGS Numbered Series
Preliminary evaluation of flood frequency relations in the urban areas of Memphis, Tennessee


to uppercase.
Definition: StringRef.cpp:116
static GCRegistry::Add< CoreCLRGC > E("coreclr", "CoreCLR-compatible GC")
LLVM_NODISCARD size_t find_first_not_of(char C, size_t From=0) const
Find the first character in the string that is not C or npos if not found.
Definition: StringRef.cpp:250
double convertToDouble() const
Definition: APFloat.h:1097
This file declares a class to represent arbitrary precision floating point values and provide a varie...
LLVM_NODISCARD size_t rfind_lower(char C, size_t From=npos) const
Search for the last character C in the string, ignoring case.
Definition: StringRef.cpp:193
static int ascii_strncasecmp(const char *LHS, const char *RHS, size_t Length)
Definition: StringRef.cpp:27
char toLower(char x)
Returns the corresponding lowercase character if x is uppercase.
Definition: StringExtras.h:82
std::enable_if< std::numeric_limits< T >::is_signed, bool >::type getAsInteger(unsigned Radix, T &Result) const
Parse the current string as an integer of the specified radix.
Definition: StringRef.h:497
LLVM_NODISCARD LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE StringRef drop_front(size_t N=1) const
Return a StringRef equal to 'this' but with the first N elements dropped.
Definition: StringRef.h:645
LLVM_NODISCARD int compare_lower(StringRef RHS) const
compare_lower - Compare two strings, ignoring case.
Definition: StringRef.cpp:38
LLVM_NODISCARD std::pair< StringRef, StringRef > split(char Separator) const
Split into two substrings around the first occurrence of a separator character.
Definition: StringRef.h:727
bool getAsDouble(double &Result, bool AllowInexact=true) const
Parse the current string as an IEEE double-precision floating point value.
Definition: StringRef.cpp:584
LLVM_NODISCARD LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE StringRef slice(size_t Start, size_t End) const
Return a reference to the substring from [Start, End).
Definition: StringRef.h:710
LLVM_NODISCARD size_t find_lower(char C, size_t From=0) const
Search for the first character C in the string, ignoring case.
Definition: StringRef.cpp:58
static GCRegistry::Add< StatepointGC > D("statepoint-example", "an example strategy for statepoint")
LLVM_NODISCARD size_t find_last_not_of(char C, size_t From=npos) const
Find the last character in the string that is not C, or npos if not found.
Definition: StringRef.cpp:291
static unsigned GetAutoSenseRadix(StringRef &Str)
Definition: StringRef.cpp:384
Class for arbitrary precision integers.
Definition: APInt.h:69
hash_code hash_combine_range(InputIteratorT first, InputIteratorT last)
Compute a hash_code for a sequence of values.
Definition: Hashing.h:480
An opaque object representing a hash code.
Definition: Hashing.h:72
LLVM_NODISCARD LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE bool equals(StringRef RHS) const
equals - Check for string equality, this is more efficient than compare() when the relative ordering ...
Definition: StringRef.h:169
iterator begin() const
Definition: StringRef.h:106
LLVM_NODISCARD int compare_numeric(StringRef RHS) const
compare_numeric - Compare two strings, treating sequences of digits as numbers.
Definition: StringRef.cpp:64
opStatus
IEEE-754R 7: Default exception handling.
Definition: APFloat.h:185
bool isDigit(char C)
Checks if character C is one of the 10 decimal digits.
Definition: StringExtras.h:67
Merge contiguous icmps into a memcmp
Definition: MergeICmps.cpp:647
static const size_t npos
Definition: StringRef.h:51
LLVM_NODISCARD size_t find_first_of(char C, size_t From=0) const
Find the first character in the string that is C, or npos if not found.
Definition: StringRef.h:395
#define I(x, y, z)
Definition: MD5.cpp:58
#define N
LLVM_NODISCARD std::string lower() const
Definition: StringRef.cpp:108
assert(ImpDefSCC.getReg()==AMDGPU::SCC &&ImpDefSCC.isDef())
char toUpper(char x)
Returns the corresponding uppercase character if x is lowercase.
Definition: StringExtras.h:89
LLVM_NODISCARD char front() const
front - Get the first character in the string.
Definition: StringRef.h:142
constexpr char Size[]
Key for Kernel::Arg::Metadata::mSize.
StringRef - Represent a constant reference to a string, i.e.
Definition: StringRef.h:49
LLVM_NODISCARD LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE size_t find(char C, size_t From=0) const
Search for the first character C in the string.
Definition: StringRef.h:298
bool consumeSignedInteger(StringRef &Str, unsigned Radix, long long &Result)
Definition: StringRef.cpp:459
iterator end() const
Definition: StringRef.h:108
bool getAsSignedInteger(StringRef Str, unsigned Radix, long long &Result)
Definition: StringRef.cpp:499


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You are here
Baptist College Acquires State-Of-The-Art Teaching Tool with Foundation Grant
Thanks to a grant from the Baptist Memorial Health Care Foundation, the College has purchased the latest teaching tool available to colleges and universities. Using state-of-the-art rear projection technology and special goggles, the Virtual Environmental Radiotherapy Training (VERT™) system creates a three-dimensional environment that replicates a radiation therapy treatment room.
Using actual patient data and life-size graphics, VERT can reproduce almost every scenario virtually in the classroom. Students can take their time to learn and ask questions. The entire treatment process from start to finish can be replicated so students can see the results and discuss what could have been done differently. The VERT system provides students with a safe environment free from time pressures commonly encountered in busy radiation therapy departments.
"Of course, nothing can replace the real world clinical experience and the many issues and illnesses real patients can present," said Lasley, "but with VERT we can better prepare our students by allowing them to get hands-on experience in a less intimidating environment before they go into the clinic."
Along with M.D. Anderson's School of Health Professions at the University of Texas, Baptist College is currently one of only 10 sites in the United States, and 80 worldwide, to have this new teaching technology.
To watch a video demonstration of VERT, visit: _URL_


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Microtunneling (also spelt microtunnelling) is currently the most accurate pipeline installation method available to the civil construction industry. Line and grade tolerances of +/- 25mm/one inch are the microtunneling industry standard. UEA specialises in Pilot Tube Microtunneling using a Laser Guided Boring Machine (GBM).
Pilot Tube Microtunneling
The pilot tube microtunneling system can be used on its own or in conjunction with an auger boring system.
Pilot tube microtunneling is an on grade pilot hole system capable of installing pipes up to 1200mm in diameter and, subject to diameter and ground type, up to 120m in length. The technique is predominantly used to install casing pipes on grade.
When the pilot tube is being installed it displaces the soil as it is thrust forward and must be used in displaceable soil. This system is most suitable for ground condition up to 10Mpa.
UEA Trenchless offers the following pilot tube microtunneling services and capabilities:
- Carrier pipe directly installed up to 600mm diameter
- Steel casing sleeves installed up to 1500mm
- Installation distances up to 120m (subject to diameter and ground type)
- All utilities catered for
- Civil works associated with the tunneling installation
- On grade boring capability


What Is Hodophile?
What do they call a person who travels a lot?
What does Nemophilist mean?
Noun. nemophilist (plural nemophilists) (rare) One who is fond of forests or forest scenery; a haunter of the woods.
What is a globetrotter?
Who is the most Travelled person in history?
Charles VeleyCharles Veley is an American claimant to the title of the world's most-traveled person. Veley was one of the founders of Microstrategy.
Who is the first Traveller to India?
Megasthenes, ambassador of Seleucus Nikator was the first foreign traveller to India.
Which Traveller is known as Globe Trotter?
Ibn Battuta was the traveler for whom the term, globe trotter is used. Explanation: He was a 'Muslim Berber Moroccan traveller'.
What does Solivagant mean?
: rambling alone : marked by solitary wandering.
How do you use Hodophile in a sentence?
Examples of Hodophile in a sentence "A total hodophile, she spent her free time seeing as much of the world as she could." "The odometer on a hodophile's car may shock you — the miles add up when you're constantly on the road."
Who is the youngest person to travel the world?
Lexie AlfordOn May 31, 2019, a 21-year-old American woman named Lexie Alford stepped foot in North Korea, becoming — as she claims — the youngest person to travel to every country on earth.
Who is the world best Traveller?
How do you spell Globetrotter?
Globe-trotter definitions A person who travels often to faraway places. Alternative spelling of globetrotter.
Where is fernweh?
"Fernweh" is a German word for "farsickness," the opposite of homesickness. Scotland received high scores in surveys where people were asked to name the places for which they felt fernweh. You know when you've been away too long.


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- Security >
On this page
Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a client. When access control, i.e. authorization, is enabled, MongoDB requires all clients to authenticate themselves in order to determine their access.
Although authentication and authorization are closely connected, authentication is distinct from authorization. Authentication verifies the identity of a user; authorization determines the verified user's access to resources and operations.
For the mongo shell and the MongoDB tools, you can also authenticate a user by passing in the user authentication information from the command line.
MongoDB supports a number of authentication mechanisms that clients can use to verify their identity. These mechanisms allow MongoDB to integrate into your existing authentication system.
MongoDB supports multiple authentication mechanisms:
Changed in version 3.0: New challenge-response users created in 3.0 will use SCRAM-SHA-1. If using 2.6 user data, MongoDB 3.0 will continue to use MONGODB-CR.
In addition to supporting the aforementioned mechanisms, MongoDB Enterprise also supports the following mechanisms:
In addition to verifying the identity of a client, MongoDB can require members of replica sets and sharded clusters to authenticate their membership to their respective replica set or sharded cluster. See Internal Authentication for more information.
Authentication on Sharded Clusters¶
In sharded clusters, clients generally authenticate directly to the mongos instances. However, some maintenance operations may require authenticating directly to a specific shard. For more information on authentication and sharded clusters, see Sharded Cluster Users.


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Decomposed Granite also called DG, is formed from the natural weathering and erosion of solid granite rocks. With a variety of color to choose from– hues of gold, rose, variations of pink, steel blue, and many more, DG is aesthetically appealing and a popular surfacing material for landscapes, sport surfaces, driveways, patios and so much more.
Unlike other aggregates, DG provides a more natural appearance for both hardscapes and softscapes. It is also less expensive compared to other materials like concrete.
Uses of Decomposed Granite
With its natural look and relatively low cost, DG is used in a lot of landscaping projects. You can probably see decomposed granite everyday. Here are some ways to use decomposed granite.
The natural rustic look of decomposed granite makes it a popular choice for many landscaping projects. As mentioned, DG is one of the most affordable choice for paving patios and gardens compared to other materials.
DG is also commonly used in xeriscapes or drought-tolerant landscapes. Decomposed granite reduces water runoff and provides good drainage. It creates a smooth surface, providing your patio or garden an inviting atmosphere for gathering with friends or loved ones.
Decomposed granite also makes a good accent to water features. It is often used as filler material for fountains and around swimming pools. DG, with its variety of color provides water features with additional attractive appeal.
Decomposed granite is also an excellent material for sport surfaces like baseball fields or running tracks. When mixed with other natural aggregates, DG creates a surface that is safe and comfortable to play on.
Mixtures for sport surfaces like Blessing Special Blend and Blessing Special Blend Pro require minimal maintenance and are very permeable, meaning they handle water extremely well. Decomposed granite settles well and the wind doesn't scatter it. Since DG is also environmentally friendly, it won't harm the grass borders of the field.
Driveways and Walkways
Decomposed granite is commonly used in driveways and walkways since it provides a natural look that many look for. The colors of DG complement well with the structural elements of houses or buildings.The most popular choice in color is gold, which is perfect if you want the "path of gold" look.
DG provides driveways and walkways a cooler surface temperature. Once decomposed granite is compacted well, it will create a firm and flat surface needed for pathways.
Decomposed granite is also used as non-organic mulch or sometimes called "top dressing" for xeriscapes. DG helps cover and cool down the soil. Cooler soil temperature improves the growth of plants especially during the summer.
Water evaporates slower in surfaces covered with inorganic mulch like DG, which can help in water conservation. Since decomposed granite reduces water runoff, it also helps water to penetrate the soil more efficiently.
Where to Buy Decomposed Granite
Blessing Gravel is a source of completely natural decomposed granite. Our DG is available in a variety of colors and sizes, offering you a wide selection to choose from. We also offer boulders, decorative stones and other aggregates for your landscaping and other industry needs.
At Blessing Gravel, we take pride in our environmentally friendly aggregate materials. Get in touch for more details! Call us, send an email or visit our site. You are always welcome.


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Can we reduce the road toll by making our roads more skid resistant?
Australia's national transport research organisation ARRB has introduced new guidelines to assist local councils and road asset managers in properly using High Friction Surface Treatments.
High Friction Surface Treatments are compounds designed to make roads more skid resistant. Used appropriately, they can help stop vehicles from skidding on or off roads, and increase a vehicle's ability to brake more effectively at critical times.
ARRB says known accident blackspots, approaches to intersections and pedestrian crossings, and tricky-to-negotiate corners can all benefit from proper use of High Friction Surface Treatments.
Utilising polymer resin, the High Friction Surface Treatment can be applied to existing roads that are in good condition.
"These guidelines will enable those responsible for maintaining road networks to make informed decisions, and to select the right treatment for the right spots, with the aim of improving road safety," says Steve Patrick, ARRB Senior Professional Leader, Future Transport Infrastructure, who compiled the guide.
With 50% of urban crashes occurring at intersections, and a high percentage of rural crashes involving cars leaving the road, discovering roads where skid resistance should be improved is vital.
"ARRB's Intelligent Safe Surface Assessment Vehicle (iSSAVe) is a unique tool that can be used to determine where High Friction Surface Treatments may be beneficial," said Richard Wix, ARRB Principal Professional, Strategic Enablers Group.
"The iSSAVe measures skid resistance at the same time it collects asset imagery and other safety related parameters such as road geometry, texture, roughness and rutting.
"Local government authorities can ask ARRB to measure the condition of their road network with iSSAVe, and we can determine a prioritised list of sites which could benefit from High Friction Surface Treatments."
You can download ARRB's High Friction Surface Guide to Good Practice here.
To discuss with ARRB how the National Transport Research Organisation can help with skid resistance measurement, contact Richard Wix at _EMAIL_


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The CARICOM Development Fund (CDF) and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), signed a General Agreement for Technical Cooperation, which will establish a broad framework for collaboration on initiatives geared towards the advancement of agriculture development in the Caribbean region.
While the vital importance of the agricultural sector as a pillar of growth and stability for Caribbean economies has been emphasised by the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food and nutrition security, most countries in the Caribbean face several systemic constraints on their capacity for sustainable food production.
Many farmers, agro-processors, and other small and medium-sized enterprises in the sector continue to be confronted with challenges to their attempts to scale up production including access to financing, vulnerability to the effects of natural hazards and climate change, limited land space, the satisfaction of international market standards, competition from imports and limited capacity to innovate and adopt best practices.
In addition, the region's high food import bill puts additional strain on foreign exchange reserves.
Solutions call for greater efforts at not only increasing levels of production and enhancing productivity among farmers and processors, but also ensuring improved linkages between producers, processors, and buyers of food, including in the tourism sector.
Over the past decade, the CDF has provided in excess of US$23M indirect financing and technical assistance to the less developed and disadvantaged countries of CARICOM to enhance agricultural production capability, infrastructure, and competitiveness, while IICA has, for almost 78 years, focused on providing technical cooperation of excellence with a view to strengthening institutional capacities of public, private and civil society and supporting the integration mechanism required to achieve sustainable and equitable agriculture development.
The two agencies have agreed on some strategic areas of cooperation including:
a) Productivity and competitiveness of the agri-food and agro-tourism sectors;
b) Territorial development and rural well-being;
c) Agriculture, climate change and natural resource management;
d) Food and nutrition security;
e) Youth and Women's use and control of agricultural assets; and
f) Technological innovation in agriculture.
"This agreement strengthens our initiatives in the Caribbean countries to increase productivity, add value and link between producers and local markets, in order
to reduce imports and guarantee the food security of their inhabitants, together with a partner, such as CDF, who knows the region very well", stated the Director-General
of IICA, Manuel Otero.
The Chief Executive Officer of the CDF, Rodinald Soomer, highlighted the importance of the partnership with IICA "to the consolidation of CDF's efforts at strengthening the productive base of agriculture in the Caribbean region, as the foundation for increasing the contribution of agriculture to intra-regional trade and economic growth, especially in the disadvantaged countries and regions in the Community." (PR)


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Vermiculation is decoration of a surface by means of random channels resembling worm-tracks or honeycomb. In masonry this is typically a process of carving or finishing of building stones with irregular grooves.
In Australian terrace houses, it is often done using the same process with stucco render. Vermiculation is typically found on projecting sections of party walls, where the roof and floors meet with the party walls. It is sometimes also found as a frieze below the cornice or above it on the parapet. Rarely it is found on the facade itself or other stuccoed architectural elements made to resemble stone such as gates.


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This software helps in digital terrain modeling by triangulated irregular network(TIN) and editing of the same to create the model.
A triangulated irregular network or TIN is a representation of data, or data structure, used in GIS. These networks are used to represent digital terrain models that show the topography of the ground or the sea bottom. It is a vector based representation. Rather than using a raster DTM, the TIN helps reduces the amount of data required for creating the elevation models. This program is able to use the TIN data in 3DPOLY, SPLINE or BLOCK entities. The program also helps in editing (modify, delete or add) of 3D points, and for triangulation. It also helps create isolines, color-filled contour maps, cross sections, longitudinal profile, 2D entities (Line or PLine) projection over a DTM, Conversion of TIN data also is possible you a regular grid of points.
You can convert existing isolines into points and then convert to TIN. The tool contains a library of BLOCKS as also code. Both of these are modifiable. Other features are available that help building the elevation model. The Program has RCAD graphic core and is distributed along with the program. The graphic core gives you the capability to manipulate the 3D model you created. The operations include OpenGL real-time orbit, pan, zoom, shading, lighting and motion path animation. If you are into creating DEMs, you ought to give this tool a try. The price is cheap enough, the interface is simple enough and it should take very little time to start operating, if you know the field of application already.


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Course Detail: VSPOOK - Spooktacular
"Spiders! And Pumpkins! And Bats! Oh my!" Join us via Adobe Connect and experience our virtual lesson for third graders where we use SOL-based hands-on activities that capture your students' imagination. We'll take you step-by-step through a one hour virtual lesson that focuses on scientific investigation, unique physical adaptations of bats and spiders, along with spider webs and food webs, and don't forget the pumpkins! We will explore plant life cycles and seed dispersal too. A class that creeps and crawls and, in the end, grows on you!Please, only 2 classes per school per session!
This course contains no sessions


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BACKGROUND: Nailfold capillaroscopy (NC) is an important diagnostic tool in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Confirmation of NC as a prognostic factor could facilitate earlier intervention and slow disease progression in SSc. We undertook a systematic literature review to evaluate the prognostic value of NC in predicting SSc disease progression.
METHODS: Standardised searches of EMBASE and MEDLINE were undertaken to identify longitudinal studies of adult subjects with SSc reporting the prognostic value of NC for any aspect of disease progression and/or survival. Non-English, non-original research, animal studies, non-adult studies and non-full length reports were excluded from the analysis (PROSPERO 2017:CRD42017071719). Wide heterogeneity in study design, prognostic factor measurement and study outcomes necessitated a qualitative data synthesis. The "QUality In Prognosis Studies" (QUIPS) risk-of-bias tool was used to assess study quality. Study selection, data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were each undertaken independently by 2 reviewers and consensus reached where necessary.
RESULTS: Of 942 retrieved articles, 18 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies (17/18, 94%) reported positive associations between baseline NC appearances (using a variety of qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative NC endpoints) and clinical outcomes including digital ulcer (DU) occurrence/healing, survival, disease progression (using domains of Medsger disease severity scale), calcinosis, skin progression, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and/or a composite analysis of "cardiovascular events". Application of the QUIPS tool identified a moderate-high risk of potential bias in 6/18 studies for study participation, 3/18 studies for study attrition, 10/18 for prognostic factor measurement, 5/18 for outcome measurement, 13/18 for confounders and 13/18 for statistical analyses. Study quality limited the strength of the conclusions drawn from these studies. The most important source of potential bias across the studies was insufficient adjustment for potential confounders; such as existing DU disease in studies evaluating future DU occurrence. Recent work suggests NC evolution is an important predictor of disease progression in SSc.
CONCLUSIONS: High levels of potential bias relating to study confounding and statistical analysis make it difficult to draw conclusions regarding the prognostic role of NC in SSc. There is strong evidence supporting an association between NC abnormalities (particularly capillary loss) and disease severity (particularly vascular manifestations such as DU, calcinosis and PAH). Evolution of NC appearances may represent a more important predictor of disease progression which could have important implications for the future use of NC in the routine longitudinal assessment and management of SSc.
- Journal Article
- Systemic sclerosis
- Nailfold capillaroscopy
- Clinical phenotype
- Systematic literature review
- Microscopic Angioscopy
- Disease Progression
- Scleroderma, Systemic/diagnosis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine


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Death Reduction In Accidents Systems Using Embedded Tool Kit In Lab View
Each vehicle has a transponder - the RFID (active) tag which have its driver details, model, registration number
etc., as the data to be transmitted. So each vehicle actual communicates with other vehicles. A proximity sensor is placed in
front of the vehicle so the distance of nearness is found this is given as input to a LPC 2148 .It is connected to a pneumatic
brake system. The LPC 2148 checks for the condition if the vehicle is at a safe distance from the nearest automobile no
action is done or otherwise when distance between the two vehicles is below 3 meters for highway roads, 1-2 meters in
traffic a alert is made to both the drivers .if intermediate distance decreases further LPC 2148 sends a signal which results in
applying pneumatic brakes. In order to keep in check the formation of co gas formation in air conditioning a co sensor is
installed at important places .This will also help us in detecting fire but to obtain a complete protection from fire we need a
fire sensor. If the level of co increases more than 400ppm or the heat levels go to dangerous level brakes are applied.
Surveillance of each vehicle is also possible in RFID technology that to in a minimal cost. Power needed is very low,
maintenance needed is very less, can work in harsh environments.


.
* Note on silver prices during the American Civil War and historical data more generally:
Curiously, the data from the Federal Reserve suggests that silver did not budge during the Civil War. The series A04018GB00LONA286NNBR is listed as "Price of Bar Silver for London, Great Britain,...Dollars Per Fine Ounce, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted." This stability in dollar-denominated silver is confusing because although the silver price in London appears to have remained flat during the American Civil War, the exchange rate between the pound and the dollar went from $4/£1 in 1861 to nearly $10/£1 in 1864, according to the Bank of England. It is therefore difficult to imagine how the dollar-denominated price of silver in London could have remained flat during that period.
And yet, the GPIH data attributed to Jastram also lists both American and British silver prices as flat during that period. It also, however, lists an implied exchange rate of $4.53/£1 in 1864. It would be foolish for me to bite the hands of those who feed me data by claiming that the Fed and Jastram are wrong, but it is awfully strange that silver (of all commodities) should have kept its head when all about it were losing theirs!
Looking at the Fed's notes about the silver price, unless I am misreading the explanation, it seems to indicate that fluctuations in exchange rates were not taken into account in calculations of the dollar-denominated price until the 1930s.
Leaving aside this particular question, the lesson, I think, is that we should always take historical data with a grain of salt and try to keep our eye on the broad trends rather than incremental movements, understanding that that has its own dangers, too.
Source: Inflation And Yields: Gold And Equity Yields
Additional disclosure: I am short gold and S&P 500 futures.


Documentation
Read voltage through NI-DMM MATLAB Instrument Driver in Simulation Mode
This example shows how to read voltage from a National Instruments® NI-DMM driver in the simulation mode.
Introduction
Instrument Control Toolbox™ supports communication with instruments through high-level drivers. In this example you can read voltage from a National Instruments® NI-DMM driver in the simulation mode.
Requirements
This example requires a Microsoft® Windows® system and NI-DMM package 3.06 or higher. Make sure the Measurement & Automation Explorer recognizes the NI-DMM device before you use this example.
Verify NI-DMM Installation
Use the instrhwinfo command to check if the NI-DMM software package is installed correctly. If installed correctly, NI-DMM is listed as one of the modules installed on the Windows machine. This example uses libraries installed with it.
driversInfo = instrhwinfo ('ivi');
disp(driversInfo.Modules');
 'AgNA'
 'nidcpower'
 'nidmm'
 'niFgen'
 'nisACPwr'
 'niScope'
 'nisCounter'
 'nisDCPwr'
 'nisDigitizer'
 'nisDmm'
 'nisDownconverter'
 'nisFGen'
 'nisPwrMeter'
 'nisRFSigGen'
 'nisScope'
 'nisSpecAn'
 'nisSwtch'
 'nisUpconverter'
 'niSwitch'
 'Tkdpo2k3k4k'
Create a MATLAB Instrument object
Use the icdevice function to create an instrument object from the MDD which was part of the NI-DMM support package, and establish a connection to the DMM using that object.
The icdevice function takes two or more input arguments. The MDD file name, the resource name for the DMM, and optionally, device-specific parameters that can be set.
You can get the resource name for the DMM from NI Measurement and Automation Explorer. For example: A resource name of PXI1Slot6 in NI MAX would be DAQ::PXI1Slot6 and Device 1 would be DAQ::Dev1. You can remove the optionstring argument and the corresponding string parameter if you have the actual hardware.
You can establish a connection to the DMM using the connect command.
ictObj = icdevice('niDMM.mdd', 'DAQ::Dev1', 'optionstring','simulate=true');
connect(ictObj);
disp(ictObj);
 Instrument Device Object Using Driver : niDMM

 Instrument Information
 Type: IVIInstrument
 Manufacturer: National Instruments Corp.
 Model: National Instruments Digital Multimeters

 Driver Information
 DriverType: MATLAB IVI
 DriverName: niDMM
 DriverVersion: 1.0

 Communication State
 Status: open
Configure the DMM
For the purpose of this example, the DMM is configured as
* Measurement Function: DC Voltage
* Range: 10V
* Resolution: 5.5 Digits
Use the MATLAB Instrument Driver Editor (midedit) to view other properties and functions that allow you to configure a device. The tool shows all the properties and functions that the NI-DMM software package supports.
measurementFunction = 1;
range = 10;
resolution = 5.5;
configuration = get(ictObj, 'configuration');
invoke(configuration, 'configuremeasurementdigits', measurementFunction, range, resolution);
Read and display the voltage
Once you configure the DMM with the required settings, use an appropriate function call to read the voltage.
% Configure DMM to calculate the timeout automatically
AutoTimeLimit = -1;
acquisition = get(ictObj, 'acquisition');
volts = invoke(acquisition, 'read', AutoTimeLimit);
Display the read voltage
voltageDisplay = sprintf('Voltage : %d v', volts);
disp(voltageDisplay);
Voltage : 5.000032e+00 v
Clean up
Delete the MATLAB Instrument Object.
disconnect(ictObj);
delete(ictObj);
clear ictObj;


RP or Resource points
From Running With Rifles Wiki
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RP or "Resource Points" are points you receive during the game while completing different tasks. Those RP can be used to buy different equipments at an armory or to use different radio calls. You can see how much RP you have by keeping the inventory key (Default "F") pressed to call the inventory. It is displayed right below the XP information.
Rp example.jpg
List of things that give you RP:
 - capturing a base
 - spotting an enemy vehicle
 - selling valuables at an armory. Those are dropped with different commonness from the enemy soldiers and have also different values
 - selling rare weapons (those can either be used or sold). Those are either dropped by mini-bosses or found in special crates (metallic boxes)
 - destroying enemy vehicles.
 - destroying mission targets such as comms truck, radar tower, prisoner bus, radio jamming tower, water tower, fuel tanks, mortars, ammunition crates, anti-air emplacement results in a good RP reward
 - Stealing the Cargo Truck of the enemy team and bringing it back to one of your armories
 - being promoted to a higher military rank


OptM
Estimating the optimal number of migration edges from Treemix
Description
This package uses results from the population software 'Treemix' by Pickrell and Pritchard (2012) DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen._PHONE_ to estimate the optimal number of migrations edges to add to the tree. Previously, it was customary to stop adding migration edges when 99.8% of variation in the data was explained, but optM automates this process using an ad hoc statistic based on the second order rate of change in the log likelihood. OptM has added functionality for various threshold modeling to compare with the ad hoc statistic. The various methods are:
Install OptM (from an R console)
Preparing the input files
To run OptM, you will need a folder of output files produced by Treemix v1.13. The function optM will automatically search the folder for the stem.llik, stem.modelcov.gz, and stem.cov.gz files; where "stem" is that provided to the -o parameter of treemix. It is recommended, but not required, to use stem in the format stem.i.M; where
In order for optM to function properly, you must run:
NOTE: There will be an error check to see if there is variation across iterations for each M. In other words, if the data are very robust, you may get the same likelihood across all runs, thus the standard deviation across runs is zero and the ad hoc statistic is undefined. In this case, try making larger variations in the dataset (subsetting the SNPs, varying -k in treemix, or other method of permutation/bootstrap).
Below is an example run of treemix from a UNIX terminal for M={1-10} and 5 iterations per M:
for m in {1..10}
 do
 for i in {1..5}
 do
 treemix \
 -i test.treemix.gz \
 -o test.${i}.${m} \
 -global \
 -m ${m} \
 -k 1000
 done
done
To run OptM in R:
Version History
Citation
Fitak, R. R. (2018) optM: an R package to optimize the number of migration edges using threshold models. Journal of Heredity [in prep]
Contact
Robert Fitak
Department of Biology
Duke University
USA
_EMAIL_


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eisteddfod (Īstĕħˈvəd, –vôd) [key] [Welsh, = session], Welsh competitive festival. Contests traditionally are held in all the arts and crafts, with special emphasis on music and poetry. The National Eisteddfod is held annually for one week in August, alternately in the north and the south, but local eisteddfods are held throughout Wales during the year. A historical institution (12th cent.), it is important in maintaining national feeling and preserving the Welsh language and culture and is enthusiastically supported by the Welsh. Its outstanding ceremony is the "chairing" of the winning bard. The bardic assembly (gorsedd) has been a part of the National Eisteddfod since 1819. The Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod, begun in 1947 at Llangollen, Denbighshire, is held annually in July, and features choral, instrumental, and folk music and dance performed by some 4,000 artists.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on eisteddfod from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Miscellaneous European Literature


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In the spirit of the collaboration between NASA and SpaceX launching astronauts to the International Space Station, I'm digging up an old integration that I made for fun that utilized about a billion APIs so that any user in the sndevs slack channel could find out where exactly (with an included map) is the ISS at that moment.
What: A user would type
!iss into chat and my Slacker Bot would inform the chat the latitude, longitude, and city+country of where the ISS is, along with an google maps image to help visualize where.
How: Basically a million API calls and making a cohesive result out of all the integrations:
- !iss is invoked and an event is sent from Slack to ServiceNow via a scripted REST API
- ServiceNow makes a REST call to the ISS open-notify API to receive the latitude and longitude of the current location of the ISS
- ServiceNow makes another REST call to the Google Maps GeoCode API to find out the actual user-friendly city and country name for the coordinates received in step 2.
- ServiceNow makes another REST call to the Google Maps StaticMap API to get a small map image for the coordinates received in step 2.
- Finally, ServiceNow parses a message with all this information and makes a final REST call to Slack to post the message and image attachment.
All in all, it takes about 2 seconds from start to finish!
Also, calling it several times over the hour really shows how fast the ISS orbits our planet! The International Space Station orbits the Earth every 92 minutes at a speed of 4.76 miles per second.
In other news, I'm having a baby this week. I also hope to post a couple of articles on being an ally (one about being an ally to the black community and one about being an ally to women in dev and in general, #girldad).


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Neem Cake Pellets are the best way to get all the benefits of Neem oil in a convenient form. The pellets are an excellent soil conditioner and fertiliser, helping to improve soil aeration and moisture retention while also providing a slow-release source of essential nutrients for plants. Neem Cake Pellets can be applied as a top dressing or mixed into the soil before planting. They are also an effective pest deterrent, providing a natural barrier against aphids like mealybugs, whiteflies and scale insects. The pellets are easy to use and provide a safe alternative to chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
Mould growth during the decomposition of neem cake is generally considered normal and part of the natural decomposition process.
Neem cake is rich in organic matter and can act as a great soil amendment, providing essential nutrients to plants.
It also helps to improve the water-holding capacity of soils and improves overall soil fertility.
When used as a fertilizer, neem cake can be mixed into the soil at a rate of 10-20kg per hectare. This should be done before planting or sowing and will help raise the organic content of the soil.
How to Use Neem Cake Pellets
There are many ways to use neem cake pellets and often different plants, locations, infestation levels require different applications. A good starting point would be to mix 25-30g of pellets (depending on plant size) into the soil. This should be done around the base of each plant and help to reduce root knot nematode populations, fungi & other diseases.
When planting bare rooted plants like roses or strawberries, it is suggested that a handful of pellets are placed in the hole before planting, this will offer protection against nematodes & disease. If treating an established plant, make a small hole in the soil near the base of the stem and place the pellets into it, then cover lightly with soil to prevent them washing away.
The pellets can also be used as mulch around plants or trees which will help reduce water loss from evaporation and provide a steady supply of nutrients. For best results, apply every 6 months or when pests become a problem.
The neem cake pellets are also safe to use around pets and children but should not be ingested so it is important that no excess is left lying around in accessible areas. Plants can be treated with neem cake pellets at any stage of their growing cycle as they are non-toxic and cause no plant damage. Neem cake pellets can be helpful against wide range of pests including aphids, whitefly, scale insects, mealybug, thrips, fungus gnats and root knot nematodes.