Techniques
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
03 Jul 2022
Magnetic particle examination (MT) is a very popular, low-cost method to perform nondestructive examination (NDE) of ferromagnetic material. Ferromagnetic is defined in ASME Section V as "a term applied to materials that can be magnetized or strongly attracted by a magnetic field." MT is an NDE method that checks for surface discontinuities but can also reveal discontinuities slightly below the surface.
How Magnetic Particle Examination Works

When ferromagnetic material (typically iron or steel) is defect-free, it will transfer lines of magnetic flux (field) through the material without any interruption.

But when a crack or other discontinuity is present, the magnetic flux leaks out of the material. As it leaks, magnetic flux (magnetic field) will collect ferromagnetic particles (iron powder), making the size and shape of the discontinuity easily visible.

However, the magnetic flux will only leak out of the material if the discontinuity is generally perpendicular to its flow. If the discontinuity, such as a crack, is parallel to the lines of magnetic flux, there will be no leakage and therefore no indication observed. To resolve this issue, each area needs to be examined twice. The second examination needs to be perpendicular to the first so discontinuities in any direction are detected. The examiner must ensure that enough overlap of areas of magnetic flux is maintained throughout the examination process so discontinuities are not missed.

History of Magnetic Particle Examination

Magnetism was first used as early as 1868 to check for cannon barrel defects. Cannon barrels were first magnetized and then a magnetic compass was moved down the length of the barrel. If a discontinuity was present, the magnetic flux would leak out and cause the compass needle to move. Defects could be easily located with this technique.

In the early 1920s, William Hoke noticed metallic grindings from hard steel parts (held by a magnetic chuck while being ground) formed patterns that followed the cracks in the surface of parts he was machining. He also found that by applying fine ferromagnetic powder to the parts, there was a build-up of powder at the discontinuities which formed a more visible indication.

By the 1930s, MT was quickly replacing the oil and whiting method of NDE (liquid penetrant [PT]) in the railroad industry. It was quicker and did not leave behind the white powder that required clean-up. After an MT evaluation, only iron powder was left behind, which could easily fall off the part or be blown away.

Different Techniques

There are many different techniques and combinations of techniques of MT. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V, Article 7, recognizes five different techniques of magnetization:

 1. Prod technique
 2. Longitudinal magnetization technique
 3. Circular magnetization technique
 4. Yoke technique
 5. Multidirectional magnetization technique
There are two different ferromagnetic examination media: dry particles and wet particles. Both forms can be either fluorescent or non-fluorescent (visible, color contrast) and come in a variety of colors to contrast with the tested material.

Most-Used Methods

Two of the most-used methods are the stationary horizontal system, using longitudinal and circular magnetization techniques, and the very portable yoke technique.

A stationary magnetic particle examination system set up for longitudinal and circular magnetization using wet fluorescent particles.

Stationary systems are generally used for smaller parts such as crank shafts and valve stems. They are often found indoors around machine shops and heat-treating facilities. Typically they have a headstock and tailstock. Parts can be clamped between stocks for magnetization. There is also a coil placed around the part to magnetize it in the perpendicular direction. Stationary horizontal systems use the wet particle technique with a circulation tank below the equipment. Wet particles flow over the examined part and drain into the circulation tank. Wet particles have more mobility flowing in a liquid than dry particles. This mobility helps sensitivity by allowing particles to easily move to the discontinuities. Fluorescent particles are commonly used with stationary horizontal systems because indoor operation makes it easy to darken the area; required ultraviolet (black) light can then be used to evaluate the parts. Both wet method examinations have about the same sensitivity, but under correct lighting conditions, fluorescent indications are much easier to see. This type of stationary system can cost $15,000 or more.

External longitudinal seam of an inservice boiler being checked with magnetic particle examination using an AC yoke with dry powder.

The MT yoke technique is the most portable and lowest-cost method, and therefore the most popular method. A typical yoke kit would cost around $750. Most yokes can operate in alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) modes. DC gives the most penetration and is recommended if subsurface discontinuities need to be detected. AC is recommended if the surface is rough, because AC gives the particles more mobility than DC. A yoke has an electric coil in the unit creating a longitudinal magnetic field that transfers through the legs to the examined part. The yoke technique is easy to use with minimal training. It can be used indoors, outdoors, inside vessels and tanks, and in all positions. Prior to use, the magnetizing power of electromagnetic yoke shall have been checked within the past year. An AC yoke must have a lifting power of at least 10 lb and a DC yoke of at least 40 lb.

Basic Steps

The following illustrate basic steps to use with the dry powder, non-fluorescent, yoke technique. Prior to the start of examination, all equipment and meters shall be calibrated in accordance with ASME Section V, Article 7.

ASME Section V, Article 7 requires the magnetic particle visible method (color contrast) be evaluated with a minimum light intensity of 100 footcandles on the part surface. The proper quantity of light must be verified using some type of calibrated light meter and witnessed and accepted by the inspector. If fluorescent magnetic particles are being used, a black light shall achieve a minimum of 1,000 microwatts per square centimeter on the examined surface. If alternate wavelength light sources are used to provide ultraviolet light, causing fluorescence in the particles, it shall be qualified in accordance with ASME Section V, Article 7, Appendix IV.

Light meter showing 107.0 footcandles of light.

Typical Examples of ASME Code-Required Inspections

In the ASME codes of construction, magnetic particle examination or liquid penetrant examination is specified many times to detect the possibility of surface defects. If material is nonmagnetic, the only choice is liquid penetrant examination. However, if material is ferromagnetic, magnetic particle examination is generally used. Some typical examples of ASME Code-required inspections include, but are not limited to:

 - Castings for surface defects
 - Plates for laminations in corner joints when the edge of one plate is exposed and not fused into the weld joint
 - Head spin hole plug welds
 - Weld metal build-up on plates
 - Areas where defects have been removed before weld repair
Once boilers and pressure vessels are in service, MT can be a widely-used examination method. The National Board Inspection Code (NBIC) specifies MT may be used for the inspection of items such as:

 - Internal and external surfaces of boiler and pressure vessels
 - Vessels in liquid ammonia service
 - Components subjected to fire damage
 - Locomotive and historical boilers
 - Yankee dryers
 - Cargo tanks
 - Vessels in LP gas service
 - Weld repairs and alterations to pressure-retaining items

Typical Inservice Inspections
MT examination of the longitudinal seam on an inservice boiler.
MT examination of a lifting lug weld on an inservice boiler.

Use of an AC yoke in the MT process to detect fatigue-type discontinuities in welded seams of a steam drum during inservice evaluation.
Crack in seal weld of boiler tube to steam drum discovered with MT. This was the result of improper repair procedures.

Wet fluorescent MT process showing a crack in a steam drum circumferential weld seam.

Watertube Inspection
Photos courtesy of Coastal Inspection Services

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Magnetic Particle Examination

Advantages:
 - Can detect both surface and near-surface indications.
 - Surface preparation is not as critical compared to other NDE methods. Most surface contaminants will not hinder detection of a discontinuity.
 - A relatively fast method of examination.
 - Indications are visible directly on the surface.
 - Low-cost compared to many other NDE methods.
 - A portable NDE method, especially when used with battery-powered yoke equipment.
 - Post-cleaning generally not necessary.
 - A relatively safe technique; materials generally not combustible or hazardous.
 - Indications can show relative size and shape of the discontinuity.
 - Easy to use and requires minimal amount of training.

Disadvantages:
 - Non-ferrous materials, such as aluminum, magnesium, or most stainless steels, cannot be inspected.
 - Examination of large parts may require use of equipment with special power requirements.
 - May require removal of coating or plating to achieve desired sensitivity.
 - Limited subsurface discontinuity detection capabilities.
 - Post-demagnetization is often necessary.
 - Alignment between magnetic flux and indications is important.
 - Each part needs to be examined in two different directions.
 - Only small sections or small parts can be examined at one time.

In conclusion, magnetic particle examination can be a useful nondestructive examination method during new construction and inservice inspections. It can only be used on ferromagne


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I took the sign-posted path into the Albufereta nature reserve. This led to three bird hides, overlooking dried up ponds, beds baked hard by the sun, strewn with rocks, barren.
But there were movements among the rocks, shapes only clear when viewed by telescope.
These are stone curlews, insect eaters that hide, camouflaged against bare ground, hunkering down on plantigrade feet to merge with the rocks.
These drawings were done with ink and water, then conte crayon and chalk pastel for the few colours, in the Stillman and Birns beta sketch pad.
Lovely drawings – what are plantigrade feet?
Plantigrade feet is what you have. You walk on your heel and your knee faces forward. Birds, like many animals, walk on their toes, the heel lifted well off the ground looking like a backwards facing knee. In birds the actual knee is hidden deep under feathers which is why their legs seem to begin in the middle of their body, rather than at the hips. But oddly, I saw these stone curlews sit down on their heels as shown in the drawing. I have never seen a bird do this before, though perhaps it is more common than I think, but typically hidden by the body.
That plantigrade stance makes them look odd … but is a nice adaptation for stalking bugs!
I've given the wrong idea here.
They walk around on their toes, like dinosaurs always did. I observed the plantigrade stance when they were crouching. They did shuffle about on their heels a little but not hunt. It really did look weird as you say, but did not seem to be their main gait. As I say, it may be more common than I think, but usually hidden by feathers in other species with shorter legs (e.g. What is the position of a duck's legs when it's roosting on land? I've seen loads of ducks but never their legs when they sit!).
I understood that it was a temporary stance, related to feeding.
In addition, the structure of the legs would not allow them to walk well.
I think penguins are much close to be plantigrade, they have a very short tarsus and a short gait..
I think you are right about penguins. Also guillemots which I have drawn.
I guess it's not so unusual.
They have a lovely gaze, stern with an air of indecision, great drawings 🙂
I just realised that your sketches must be larger than I imagined them to be.
Thanks for stopping by my blog. Really love your work 🙂 am following now
Expressive, raw and in the moment.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The NGO has been trying to assist and the poor by donating food and clothes as well as assisting them to stay in school by giving them bursaries.
The structures and support provided by WFCO, thus, offers poor communities in third world countries the below listed opportunities:
- Opportunity and platform for social interaction
- Promoting cultural understanding among social groups
- Providing support and care to the less fortunate
- Enhancing the social and economic lives of the poor
- Restoring the lives and dignity of the poor
- Providing opportunity for individual regeneration through group activities
- Providing a platform where local problems find common solutions
- Opportunities to develop, evaluate and participate in the development of their communities
- Create and raise awareness of the poor in diverse sectors of the economy
- provide the local poor the opportunity to manage their environment and govern themselves through organized activities.
- Mobilization of resources and implement their own development.
- Work among themselves and strengthen their capacities through their own groups.
- Acquire skills and promote knowledge through training and working together
- Chart and manage their own destiny through self-development.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Author(s): Kennedy M, Masterson AV, Kerin M, Flanagan F
Abstract Share this page
Abstract Radial scar (RS) is a benign, well recognised, radiological and pathological entity. Histologically, it is characterised by a fibroelastotic core with entrapped ducts and surrounding radiating ducts and lobules. Postmortem studies indicate that these lesions are present commonly in the population, especially in association with benign breast disease. In recent years, their clinical relevance has assumed more importance with the introduction of population based screening programmes. The exact pathogenesis of RS is unknown. Accumulating evidence indicates that they are associated with atypia and/or malignancy and, in addition, may be an independent risk factor for the development of carcinoma in either breast. In view of the association with atypia and malignancy, excision biopsy is justified in RS, although it has been argued that core biopsy evaluation and surveillance may be appropriate in selected patients.
This article was published in J Clin Pathol
and referenced in Journal of Oncology Research and Treatment


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Euler Error Order
RECOMMENDED: If you have Windows errors then we strongly recommend that you download and run this (Windows) Repair Tool.
Runke-Kutta Method – Utah State University – Runke-Kutta Method In Euler's method y n+1 was calculated from. Since the error in Euler method is of. indeed the error in Runge-Kutta method of order four.
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Thus the local truncation error for the Euler method is proportional to the square. The Euler method is called a first order method because its global truncation.
by one-half and the numerical error in the modified Euler method by one-quarter? 3. Are some. Halving the step-size in a first-order method reduces the error.
For this reason, the Euler method is said to be a first-order method, The Taylor expansion is used below to analyze the error committed by the Euler method,
Mr. Euler attended the University of Michigan and served as a director of the developmnt council of the university from 1955 util 1965. We are continually improving the quality of our text archives. Please send feedback, error reports, and.
Corporate Profile: A World-Leading Diversified Credit Insurer in a Niche and Highly Profitable Market Euler Hermes. their ratings forward. Euler Hermes, Atradius and Coface are well rated by the credit rating agencies. In order to.
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In mathematics and computational science, the Euler method is a first-order numerical procedure for solving ordinary.
Forward and Backward Euler Methods. This implies that for a kth order method, the global error scales as h k.
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Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical. Euler method. From any. The global error of a pth order one-step.
Nature Reviews Neuroscience – Although there are concerns regarding the degree to which flexibility in data analysis may result in inflated error rates, we do not believe that the solution is to constrain researchers by specifying a particular set of methods that must be used.
Euler's Method for First-Order ODE. Note that error is approximately cut in half when N is doubled. Euler's method has order of accuracy 1.
Euler's Method, Taylor Series Method, Runge Kutta Methods, same order as the local error with a diﬀerent coeﬃcient in the estimates. They are related
this is referred to as the local truncation error (LTE) of the method. For the forward Euler method, the LTE is O(h 2). Hence, the method is referred to as a first order technique. In general, a method with O(h k+1) LTE is said to be of kth.
First-Order ODE's: Numerical Methods – 1st-Order ODE's: Numerical Methods. RK2 is more advanced than Euler's Method and is an order two method. If the error is too large,


HMS Orlando (1858)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other ships of the same name, see HMS Orlando.
Career RN Ensign
Ordered: 31 March 1855
Builder: Pembroke Dockyard
Cost: £187,042
Laid down: November 1856
Launched: 16 June 1858
Completed: 21 April 1859 at Portsmouth Dockyard
Commissioned: 17 December 1861
Fate: Sold for breaking up 15 June 1871
General characteristics
Displacement: 5,493 tons
Tons burthen: 3,740 tons BM
Length: 336 ft 9 in (102.64 m) overall, 300 ft 0.5 in (91.453 m) gundeck, 264 ft 3.25 in (80.5498 m) keel
Beam: 52 ft 1 in (15.88 m)
Draught: 29 ft (8.8 m)
Depth of hold: 19 ft 10 in (6.05 m)
Propulsion: sails; 1000 shp auxiliary steam engine.
Speed: 13.290kts on trial
Endurance: 145 hours at full steam
Complement: around 600
Armament: 1859:
Upper deck: 12 x 8in/68-pounder shell guns
Main Deck: 28 x 10in shell guns
HMS Orlando was a Mersey-class wooden-hulled steam-powered (although fully rigged with sails) screw frigate built for the Royal Navy from 1856 to 1858 but not commissioned until 1861. The Orlando and her sister ship the Mersey were the longest wooden warships built for the Royal Navy. At 336 feet in length, HMS Orlando was nearly twice the length of HMS Victory, the flagship of Admiral Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar. At 5,643 tons displacement, she was certainly a large and impressive looking ship in her day. She was heavily armed, and in comparison to many of her counterparts was quite fast with an approximate speed of 12½ knots, achieving 13½ on trials.
The length, the unique aspect of the ship, was actually an Achilles' heel of the Mersey and Orlando. The extreme length of the ship put enormous strains on her hull due to the unusual merging of heavy machinery, and a lengthy wooden hull, resulting in her seams opening up. They were pushing the limits of what was possible in wooden ship construction:
Britain had built two long frigates in 1858 - HMS Mersey and HMS Orlando - the longest, largest and most powerful single-decked wooden fighting ships. Over 335 feet long, they suffered from the strain of their length, proving too weak to face a ship of the line in close quarters.[2]
In 1866 the Orlando was laid up and was sold for breaking in 1871.
 1. ^ Asia's Undersea Archeology, Richard Gould, NOVA, PBS Television article
 2. ^ HMS Warrior, h2g2, BBC Television.
External links[edit]


Insider Tips News
How to Avoid Coronavirus on a Train
Since March worldwide travel has been crippled by Coronavirus and until a credible vaccine is developed, we will have to do our best to avoid catching the virus. So what can you do if you're planning on travelling on a train during your vacation?
Well it pays to know firstly what you're up against. Coronavirus spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes or exhales small droplets filled with the virus into the air. These droplets can enter the body through the eyes, nose and mouth, either directly or after touching a contaminated object. According to scientists, the risk indoors, in enclosed spaces, is higher than outdoors.
Train companies throughout the world have installed their own safety procedures and these vary company by company. Meanwhile, companies running vacation train journeys have also created their own on-board safety procedures, but you can also help to stay safe by following these general guidelines.
Get fresh air
Good indoor ventilation will help you stay safe so try and find a seat near to an open window or by a door so you'll get some fresh air when the doors open at stations.
Wear a face mask
You should wear a face mask in the station where you are boarding your train and also on the train unless you are eating or drinking. Any food you eat should be pre packaged. Avoid any food that be touched or breathed on by fellow passengers.
Wash your hands
Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds when you get on the train and before and after you eat. If soap and water aren't available use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. This should contain between 60% and 95% alcohol.
Use wipes
Take a stash of anti-bacterial wipes with you so you can wipe down the arms of your seat and also the table you are using on board. You should also use these if you're touching door handles or escalator handrails.
Avoid touching your face as much as you can as the virus enters your body through the nose, mouth and eyes.


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Articles Tagged with California nursing home abuse lawyer
The prospect of filing a nursing home abuse lawsuit in San Diego County can feel daunting, especially if you are unsure about whether it makes sense to begin the process of taking action against a particular facility. The most critical thing to remember is that, if you have any suspicions about nursing home abuse or neglect, it is always a better idea to do something than to hope that your concerns are misplaced. Much too often, nursing home abuse occurs—and continues to happen—because nobody takes action to stop it. An experienced San Diego County nursing home abuse attorney can help you to understand whether you have a valid claim, and what steps you need to take in order to move forward with a lawsuit.
In the meantime, the following are some commonly asked questions about nursing home abuse claims, along with answers to help you get started.
How Does California Law Define Nursing Home Abuse?
If you are considering filing an elder abuse claim in Los Angeles County, it is important to understand how much time you have to file a lawsuit. All civil lawsuits have what is known as a "statute of limitations," which creates a time window for filing a claim. If a plaintiff does not file his or her lawsuit within that time window, the claim can become time-barred. A time-barred claim is one that is barred from being filed because the statute of limitations ran out. In some cases, it can be possible to pause the statute of limitations, which is known as tolling. In the meantime, the following is some important information about the timeline for a nursing home abuse claim.
Statute of Limitations for a Negligence Claim
Many nursing home abuse and neglect cases are filed as negligence claims under California law. Like many other personal injury lawsuits, the statute of limitations in these cases is two years under Section 335.1 of the California Code of Civil Procure. How does the statute of limitations relate to filing a claim, and when does the "clock" start ticking? In most negligence cases, including claims for injuries resulting from nursing home abuse, the clock on the statute of limitations will start to "tick" on the date of the injury, or the nursing home abuse incident.
Contact Information


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Organizational and Legal Challenges for Ecosystem Management
Published in Creating a Forestry for the 21st Century: The Science of Ecosystem Management, Kathryn A. Kohm & Jerry F. Franklin, eds.
This article attempts to clarify the central organizational and legal challenges confronting efforts to establish ecosystem-based management of natural resources in the U.S. It first summarizes the general organizational requirements of ecosystem management, including coordinated information gathering and analysis, coordinated management, and social learning and adaptation. Next it describes the overall structure of land ownership in the US and the primary kinds of legal mandates under which land managers operate. It argues that the ideal of ecosystem management is too general and discretionary to be translated directly into a legal mandate, and that therefore ecosystem management must be understood as dependent on the interactions of many legal and institutional factors. It then describes alternative models of organizational management available to land holders, including various forms of bureaucratic, matrix, project oriented, and loosely coupled organization. Finally it reviews several specific kinds of laws, including public land management statutes, administrative laws, antitrust laws, and takings law, that are likely to have significant effects on efforts to undertake ecosystem management. The article concludes that while existing laws need not prevent the emergence of ecosystem management, they are likely to make it difficult. Creative strategies and a certain amount of risk taking will be necessary in the near term. It will probably take a long time for the laws to adapt to the changed organizational relationships required by ecosystem management.
Environmental Law | Forest Management | Forest Sciences
Errol E. Meidinger, Organizational and Legal Challenges for Ecosystem Management in Creating a Forestry for the 21st Century: The Science of Ecosystem Management 361 (Kathryn A. Kohm & Jerry F. Franklin, eds., Island Press 1997)


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Hitachi Vantara Lumada and Pentaho Documentation
Create Report Design Wizard templates
Parent aricle
Once you have created a report that meets your requirements, you can save the report format as a template for future use.
Report Design Wizard template design guidelines
To create a new Report Design Wizard (RDW) template, you must use Report Designer to create a report with certain template-specific properties enabled. The resultant Pentaho Report Template file .prpt file is then deployed to the Report Designer or Pentaho Data Integration template directory.
Requirements
The generated-content-marker attribute in the wizard group is the flag that turns a normal report into a template. This attribute can only be applied to a band (group header, group footer, details header, details footer, details, or sub-band).
RDW will insert its auto-generated content into the first band with the generated-content-marker set to true. This applies to the group header, group footer, details header, details footer, and the details bands. In the event there are more groups defined in the Report Design Wizard than defined in the template, it repeats the last defined group header and footer in the template.
Formatting inheritance
Formatting styles are inherited, so any formatting applied to a band will also be applied to the elements used within it.
Formatting is applied in three ways and in the following order:
 1. Through the template via band inheritance
 2. Through query data where it is defined in Pentaho Metadata Editor
 3. 1.2.3.As defined by RDW users through the RDW interface
Inheriting styles from the data query
The query-metadata section of the Attributes tab contains options that determine whether formatting styles can come from the data query and be applied to the detail header, details, or detail footer band. This must be set directly on the detail header, detail footer, or details band; and the style-format option must be set to true for it to work. You must also disable any individual formatting styles (enable-style-*=true) that you don't want to come from the query.
Padding and grid lines
Since the Details band is dynamically generated, you have to specify grid line and padding settings in the template definition. This is done through the wizard attribute group for the band that has the generated-content-marker enabled.
Updating
An RDW template is only a set of initial defaults for a report, so if a template is updated, completed reports that were based on that template will not be affected; there is no connection between the template and the report once the report is saved. If you want to update an RDW-based report to reflect template changes, you can edit the report with Report Design Wizard, make any necessary selections, and re-save it.
NotePentaho Interactive Reports templates have the opposite behavior because the report links itself to the template; when an Interactive Reports template is changed, all reports based on that template will automatically inherit the updated template.
Interactive Reports template design guidelines
Interactive Reports are saved as .prpti files. Report Designer report files have a .prpt extension. In the User Console, Interactive Reports are displayed with a special icon that differentiates them from reports that are created in Report Designer.
If you want to create a new Interactive Reports template, you must create it in Report Designer and place the template in the Interactive Reports templates directory.
For more information about enhancing Interactive Reports and building Interactive Reports templates in Report Designer, refer to the section Design Print-Quality Reports.
To create a new Interactive Reports template, you must use Report Designer to create a report with certain template-specific properties enabled. The resultant PRPT file is then deployed to the Interactive Reports plugin's template directory.
Requirements
The generated-content-marker attribute in the wizard group is the flag that turns a normal report into a template. This attribute can only be applied to a band (group header, group footer, details header, details footer, details, or sub-band).
RDW will insert its auto-generated content into the first band with the generated-content-marker set to true. This applies to the group header, group footer, details header, details footer, and the details bands. In the event there are more groups defined in the Report Design Wizard than defined in the template, it repeats the last defined group header and footer in the template.
Formatting inheritance
Formatting styles are inherited, so any formatting applied to a band will also be applied to the elements used within it. Formatting is applied in three ways and in the following order:
Procedure
 1. Through the template via band inheritance
 2. Through query data where it is defined in Pentaho Metadata Editor
 3. As defined by Interactive Reports users through the Interactive Reports interface
Inheriting styles from the data query
The query-metadata section of the Attributes tab contains options that determine whether formatting styles can come from the data query and be applied to the detail header, details, or detail footer band. This must be set directly on the detail header, detail footer, or details band; and the style-format option must be set to true for it to work. You must also disable any individual formatting styles (enable-style-*=true) that you don't want to come from the query.
Padding and grid lines
Since the Details band is dynamically generated, you have to specify grid line and padding settings in the template definition. This is done through the wizard attribute group for the band that has the generated-content-marker enabled.
Updating
A template is not just a set of initial defaults for a report - it is the basis for that report. So if a template is updated, completed reports that were based on that template will also change.
NoteNote: Report Design Wizard templates have the opposite behavior; when an RDW template is changed, none of the reports based on that template will be automatically be updated with those changes. Instead, you will have to edit each report, apply the new template, and save it.
Dynamic element positioning in templates
Use the following methods to accommodate for multiple page sizes in reports:
Percentages
Express the height, width, x position, and y position in percentages.
Block, inline, or row
Switch the band's layout mode from canvas to either block, inline or row:
layout-modevalue
CanvasUses the x and y position to place the element in the band.
BlockStacks elements vertically according to the layer order in a band; width is set to 100%.
InlineStacks elements horizontally according to the layer order in a band; width is determined by the length of the text in the field, and wraps within the band.
RowStacks elements horizontally in one row according to the layer order in the band.
Dynamic height message elements
Set dynamic-height=true on message elements. This will allow the element size to grow according to line height. Also, setting the following Reporting engine configuration option will allow the element size to grow according to the font size used:
org.pentaho.reporting.engine.classic.core.layout.fontrenderer.UseMaxCharBounds = true
Proportional column widths
To support varying window sizes in a Web browser, enable the use of proportional column widths so that the resulting table will have a width of 100% and the columns will have the proportional equivalent of their static widths as width. The relevant Reporting engine option to set this globally is:
org.pentaho.reporting.engine.classic.core.modules.output.table.html.ProportionalColumnWidths = true
Template properties
The following band properties affect RDW and Interactive Reports report templates. Notice that many properties have a different effect in RDW than in Interactive Reports.
BandReport Design WizardInteractive Reporting
page headerNoneEdit message elements
report headerNoneEdit message elements
group headersInserts a message element with the value of: fieldname: $(fieldname)Edits any message elements within the band. Inserts a message element with the value of: fieldname: $(fieldname)
detail header
 1. Inserts a column header label for every field used. Default value for the label is the fieldname.
 2. Edits any label within the band.
 1. Inserts a column header label for every field used. Default value for the label is the fieldname.
 2. Edits any label within the band.
detailsInserts the appropriate fields definedInserts the appropriate fields defined
detail footerInsert a numeric field in the same x-position and width of the details field that the summary calculation is applied.None
group footerNone
 1. Inserts a numeric field in the same x-position and width of the details field that the summary calculation is applied.
 2. Inserts a message element in the x-position of the details field with no summary calculations applied.
report footerNone
 1. Inserts a numeric field in the same x-position and width of the details field that the summary calculation is applied.
 2. Inserts a message element in the x-position of the details field with no summary calculations applied.
 3. Edit any message elements within the band
page headerNoneAllows the modification of message elements
Deploy a template to Report Design Wizard
Once you have created a template for the Report Design Wizard, you must follow the below process to deploy it to the Report Design Wizard in Pentaho Report Designer (PRD) and Pentaho Data Integration (PDI).
Procedure
 1. Shut down Pentaho Report Designer and Pentaho Data Integration if either one of them is currently running.
 2. Create


text:
UAF Alaska Satellite Facility Selects New Director
Wade Albright has been named Director of the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) at the UAF Geophysical Institute. Albright has been with ASF since 1996, just five years after it became operational. He had been serving as interim director since late January 2022, when then-Director Nettie La Belle-Hamer left to become UAF vice chancellor for research.
"I'm proud to be associated with ASF because we've done such phenomenal things," Albright says. "We've been so successful. And that's because of the amazing staff at ASF."
As director, Albright oversees a team of almost 100 people, a number that has almost doubled in the last five years due to additional contracts with NASA, other federal agencies, and commercial entities. That number may increase as the scope of ASF's work grows with the launch of a satellite by NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation.
"NASA has given us a lot of work, so we've had to add people, many of them software developers, to be able to keep up," Albright said. "We've had tremendous growth."
The Alaska Satellite Facility operates six satellite dish antennas, four of them for NASA, that downlink Earth-observing remote sensing data from polar-orbiting government and commercial satellites. ASF also processes and archives downlinked synthetic aperture radar data and makes it available to scientific users around the world.
ASF is the top-rated Distributed Active Archive Center among twelve such centers in NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System. Albright credits ASF's top rank to its staff and their efforts to make synthetic aperture radar data easier to use and access for crop classification, detection of surface water flooding, or studying the deformation of Earth's surface.
"The ASF staff have written some amazing tools for using that data," Albright says. "That's been our mission for the past several years: to make SAR data easier to use."
This year the Alaska Railroad is celebrating 100 years of transportation people and cargo around Alaska. While the railroad is one of the states oldest transporters, it certainly isn't the only one, and in this issue of Alaska Business we also check in on the Marine Highway, Span Alaska, and the White Pass & Yukon Route. For those interested in Southeast, our focus on that region provides updates on Kensington Mine, Tongass FCU, the troll fishery, and Juneau's growing landfill.


text:
Olga Radko joined the UCLA Mathematics Department as a VIGRE Assistant Professor in 2002 after receiving her PhD from UC Berkeley. Her pioneering work on the complete classification of two-dimensional Poisson structures is well known in the field of Poisson geometry, where these objects are sometimes called Radko surfaces.
In 2007, Olga founded the Los Angeles Math Circle, and served as its director until her death in 2020, continuing to work even while hospitalized. LAMC was Olga's passion and her creative energies and administrative talent led the program on a path to remarkable growth and impact.
Olga inspired a generation of schoolchildren to pursue studies in mathematics and related fields. Over 1,500 children attended the Math Circle during its first 13 years of operation. More than 170 UCLA students worked as docents in the Math Circle over these years and have learned first hand the joys of sharing beautiful mathematics with kids of all ages. Her experiences teaching mathematics to young children have lead her to write two books Breaking Numbers into Parts, co-authored with Dr. Oleg Gleizer.
For the last 2.5 years of her life, Olga fought a hard battle against ovarian cancer. Despite being in continuous treatment for most of this time, she lost this fight on June 29, 2020.
Olga was a devoted wife and mother. She is survived by her husband Dima Shlyakhtenko, her mother and sister, and two sons, Victor and Robert. The world has lost a wonderful person and an irreplaceable gem.


text:
2020, Vol. 5, Issue 4, Part B
Prediction of covid-19 cases in India using prophetAuthor(s):
Indhuja M and Sindhuja PPAbstract:
The substantial spike in daily new cases infected with the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) worldwide is alarming and many researchers are now carrying out several analyses to forecast the future pattern of this pandemic. In this study, we have forecasted the expected daily number of COVID-19 cases in India for the next four weeks using Prophet. The results have demonstrated that by the end of the second week of August, the rate of proliferation of COVID-19 might reach upto 1,500,000 cases per day in India. It is observed that the performed model of fit is accurate within a certain range, and extreme preventive and control measures are suggested in an effort to avoid such a situation.Pages: 103-106 | Views: 701 | Downloads: 31Download Full Article: Click Here
How to cite this article:
Indhuja M, Sindhuja PP. Prediction of covid-19 cases in India using prophet. Int J Stat Appl Math 2020;5(4):103-106.


text:
Bird hunters have always cross-bred dogs with the hopes of creating better four-legged companions. The Braque Français is a perfect example of this process. In Craig Koshyk's superb book Pointing Dogs: Volume One, The Continentals, he explains how hunters modified this breed and developed two types of pointing dogs with a shared ancestry and the same first name.
Back in the early days of bird dogs, the Navarre region of Franch/Spain was ground zero for some of the earliest Braque Français pointers. These dogs were big bodied and short haired, with large ears, loose skin, and a hound-like look overall. They hunted close, at a trot, and were known for their all-day stamina in the field.
Of course some people thought these dogs could be improved. These hunters developed a smaller, quicker line of Braque Français, with a wider range and more athleticism. Soon fanciers had a dilemma: which dogs were the true Braque Français?
To solve the problem, the Braque Français club established two sub categories: the Braque Français Gascony and the Braque Français Pyrenean. You can read more about these dogs here on Craig's blog.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
In order to improve the efficiency of the transport and the safety on board the train the manager of the Metropolitan of Naples, Metronapoli SpA, has established a fixed and mobile telecommunications infrastructure for the broadband connection of Central, Montesanto and Chiaia funicular wagons with their respective land offices.
The goal of the operator is to get closer to its users by realizing a real-time video monitoring system on board the trains, integrating real-time announcements management and telecontrol of main functional parameters of the funicular via a wireless system connection between land and train. The creation of the infrastructure will allow further future developments, not least the realization of a wifi inside the car, or VoIP communication of passengers.
Objectives of the project – Faced with the increasing demand for safety and reliability of public transport systems, the metropolitan service provider of the city of Naples (Metronapoli), has set itself the objective to find an effective and high performance solution that meets the following basic requirements:
- Voice / data / video connectivity between land and train in real-time and high-bandwidth, even during the trip between station and station, that is, when moving
Scope and Technologies – a project has been defined to achieve the objectives for the creation of an infrastructure composed as follows:
- Wireless backbone, all along the funicular, both in the entrance and the tunnel, in HIPERLAN / 2 technology with MESH protection between the various network nodes, in fault-tolerance mode
- Wireless point-to-multipoint MESH wireless connectivity and extended radio coverage for the whole funicular travel in HIPERLAN / 2 wireless connectivity for land-train clamping
- Implementation, on the same radio infrastructure, of the existing VHF / UHF security system
Realization – The plant was built on the three main funiculars leading to the Vomero hill, this is, on the central funicular, Montesanto and Chiaia. In each case, several HIPERLAN / 2 base stations have been installed on the ground with special directional and routing antennas, so as to completely cover the funicular path, both in open space and in the tunnel. The backbone interconnection between the base station and the operator's operating center was realized through redundant connections
Evolutionary Scenarios – The system currently enables the data, voice and video connection between the train-train and the operational center.In the future and without the addition of new infrastructures, will also allow: VoIP mobile telephony on board train and video surveillance in gallery for the operators.


text:
A Political Ecology of Latin American Forests Through Time
Auroi, C. & Helg, A, Latin America _PHONE_: Dreams and Legacies, Imperial College Press, pp. 241-267, June 2012
27 Pages Posted: 13 Oct 2013 Last revised: 16 Oct 2013
Date Written: 2012
Despite the establishment of conservation mechanisms and indigenous lands, Latin America has lost 10% of its forests in 20 years from 1990 to 2010. All of its great forest ecoregions are threatened: the Amazon, the Cerrado, the Gran Chaco, the Yungas, and the Meso-American Corridor. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the forests in Latin America, their importance in the collective imaginary and in contemporary economies, the ways they are being governed through mechanisms of conservation and indigenous lands, and an overview of different dynamics of land conversion. Political ecology and environmental history show a fundamental conflict between on one side a predatory vision of the forests, and on the other side a more sustainable management.
Keywords: Latin America, Forests, Political ecology, Governance, History, Deforestation
JEL Classification: Q15, Q23, Q28, Q32
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


1} [boolean_algebra α] (a b c : α) :
a Δ (b Δ c) = a b c a b c a b c a b c
theorem disjoint.disjoint_symm_diff_of_disjoint {α : Type u_1} [boolean_algebra α] {a b c : α} (h1 : disjoint a c) (h2 : disjoint b c) :
disjoint (a Δ b) c


normally-distributed complex noise
n = np.random.randn(96,96) + 1j*np.random.randn(96,96)
# Fourier transform the image and add noise
y = np.fft.fftshift(np.fft.fft2(img), axes=0) + n
# set bottom 24/96 lines to 0
y[72:,:] = 0
# show sampling
_, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.imshow(np.log(np.abs(np.fft.fftshift(y, axes=1))))
'''
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
# Estimate phase
Filter the k-space data and extract a low-resolution phase estimate
Filtering can help reduce ringing in the phase image
In this section:
- np.pad
- np.hanning
- reshaping 1D array to 2D array using np.newaxis (or None)
- subplots with titles
%% Cell type:code id: tags:
''' python
# create zero-padded hanning filter for ky-filtering
filt = np.pad(np.hanning(48),24,'constant')
# reshape 1D array into 2D array
filt = filt[:,np.newaxis]
# or
# filt = filt[:,None]
# generate low-res image with inverse Fourier transform
low = np.fft.ifft2(np.fft.ifftshift(y*filt, axes=0))
# get phase image
phs = np.exp(1j*np.angle(low))
# show phase estimate alongside true phase
_, ax = plt.subplots(1,2)
ax[0].imshow(np.angle(img))
ax[0].set_title('True image phase')
ax[1].imshow(np.angle(phs))
ax[1].set_title('Estimated phase')
'''
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
# POCS reconstruction
Perform the projection-onto-convex-sets (POCS) partial Fourier reconstruction method.
POCS is an iterative scheme estimates the reconstructed image as any element in the intersection of the following two (convex) sets:
1. Set of images consistent with the measured data
2. Set of images that are non-negative real
This requires prior knowledge of the image phase (hence the estimate above), and it works because although we have less than a full k-space of measurements, we're now only estimating half the number of free parameters (real values only, instead of real + imag), and we're no longer under-determined. Equivalently, consider the fact that real-valued images have conjugate symmetric k-spaces, so we only require half of k-space to reconstruct our image.
In this section:
- np.zeros
- range() builtin
- point-wise multiplication (*)
- np.fft operations default to last axis, not first
- np.maximum vs np.max
%% Cell type:code id: tags:
''' python
# initialise image estimate to be zeros
est = np.zeros((96,96))
# set the number of iterations
iters = 10
# each iteration cycles between projections
for i in range(iters):
# projection onto data-consistent set:
# use a-priori phase to get complex image
est = est*phs
# Fourier transform to get k-space
est = np.fft.fftshift(np.fft.fft2(est), axes=0)
# replace data with measured lines
est[:72,:] = y[:72,:]
# inverse Fourier transform to get back to image space
est = np.fft.ifft2(np.fft.ifftshift(est, axes=0))
# projection onto non-negative reals:
# remove a-priori phase
est = est*np.conj(phs)
# get real part
est = np.real(est)
# ensure output is non-negative
est = np.maximum(est, 0)
'''
%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
# Display error and plot reconstruction
The POCS reconstruction is compared to a zero-filled reconstruction (i.e., where the missing data is zeroed prior to inverse Fourier Transform)
In this section:
- print formatted strings to standard output
- plotting, with min/max scales
- 2D subplots with min/max scales, figure size
- np.sum sums over all elements by default
%% Cell type:code id: tags:
''' python
# compute zero-filled recon
zf = np.fft.ifft2(np.fft.ifftshift(y, axes=0))
# compute rmse for zero-filled and POCS recon
err_zf = np.sqrt(np.sum(np.abs(zf - img)**2))
err_pocs = np.sqrt(np.sum(np.abs(est*phs - img)**2))
# print errors
print(f'RMSE for zero-filled recon: {err_zf}')
print(f'RMSE for POCS recon: {err_pocs}')
# plot both recons side-by-side
_, ax = plt.subplots(1,2,figsize=(16,16))
_, ax = plt.subplots(2,2,figsize=(16,16))
# plot zero-filled
ax[0].imshow(np.abs(zf), vmin=0, vmax=1)
ax[0].set_title('Zero-filled')
ax[0,0].imshow(np.abs(zf), vmin=0, vmax=1)
ax[0,0].set_title('Zero-filled')
ax[1,0].plot(np.abs(zf[:,47]))
# plot POCS
ax[1].imshow(est, vmin=0, vmax=1)
ax[1].set_title('POCS recon')
ax[0,1].imshow(est, vmin=0, vmax=1)
ax[0,1].set_title('POCS recon')
ax[1,1].plot(np.abs(est[:,47]))
'''
......
......@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ y = fftshift(fft2(img),1) + n;
% set bottom 24/96 lines to 0
y(73:end,:) = 0;
% show sampling
figure();
imshow(log(abs(fftshift(y,2))), [], 'colormap', jet)
%% Estimate phase
% create zero-padded hanning filter for ky-filtering
filt = padarray(hann(48),24);
......@@ -25,6 +29,16 @@ low = ifft2(ifftshift(y.*filt,1));
% get phase image
phs = exp(1j*angle(low));
% show phase estimate alongside true phase
figure();
subplot(1,2,1);
imshow(angle(img), [-pi,pi], 'colormap', hsv);
title('True image phase');
subplot(1,2,2);
imshow(angle(phs), [-pi,pi], 'colormap', hsv)
title('Estimated phase');
%% POCS reconstruction
% initialise image estimate to be zeros
est = zeros(96);
......@@ -74,11 +88,15 @@ fprintf(1, 'RMSE for POCS recon: %f\n', err_pocs);
figure();
% plot zero-filled
subplot(1,2,1);
subplot(2,2,1);
imshow(abs(zf), [0 1]);
title('Zero-Filled');
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(abs(zf(:,48)), 'linewidth', 2);
% plot POCS
subplot(1,2,2);
subplot(2,2,2);
imshow(est, [0 1]);
title('POCS recon');
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(abs(est(:,48)), 'linewidth', 2);
Supports


text:
The History of Kool-Aid
Remember that TV ad?
Well, Kool-Aid got its start right here in Hastings, Nebraska. This internationally known soft drink mix, now owned by Kraft Foods, actually started out as a liquid concentrate called Fruit Smack, invented by Edwin Perkins.
Edwin Perkins was always fascinated by chemistry and enjoyed inventing things. When his family moved to southwest Nebraska around 1900, a young Perkins experimented with home made concoctions in his mother's kitchen. His father opened a General Store in Hendley, Nebraska, and it was in that store where Edwin became entranced with a new dessert mix introduced by a childhood friend (and future wife) Kitty Shoemaker. The popular powdered dessert came in six delicious flavors and was called Jell-O.
Edwin convinced his father to carry the dessert line in his store. It was at this same time Edwin sent away for a kit called "How to Become a Manufacturer." During the following years, Perkins graduated from high school, published a weekly newspaper, did job printing, served as postmaster and set up a mail order business called "Perkins Products Co." to market the numerous products he had invented.
In 1918, Perkins married his childhood sweetheart, Kitty, and developed a remedy to kick the tobacco habit called Nix-O-Tine. By 1920, the demand for this and other products was so great, Perkins and his wife moved to Hastings, which had better rail service for shipping purposes.
Another product that was proving to be popular was a concentrated drink mix called Fruit Smack. Fruit Smack, like Jell-O, came in six delicious flavors. The four-ounce bottle made enough for a family to enjoy at an affordable price. However, shipping the bottles proved to be costly and breakage was also a problem. In 1927, Perkins developed a method of removing the liquid from Fruit Smack so the remaining powder could be re-packaged in envelopes (which Perkins designed and printed) under a new name to be called Kool-Ade. (He later changed the spelling to Kool-Aid.)
The product, which sold for 10¢ a packet, was first sold to wholesale grocery, candy and other suitable markets by mail order in six flavors; strawberry, cherry, lemon-lime, grape, orange and raspberry. In 1929, Kool-Aid was distributed nation-wide to grocery stores by food brokers. It was a family project to package and ship the popular soft drink mix around the country.
By 1931, the demand for Kool-Aid was so strong, other items were dropped so Perkins could concentrate solely on Kool-Aid. He moved the entire production to Chicago for more efficient distribution, to be closer to supplies and to be able to expand even further if necessary.
During the Great Depression, Perkins cut the price in half to just 5¢ a packet, a "luxury" most families could afford. Young entrepreneurs sprung up across the country setting up Kool-Aid stands. While most of the profits were consumed by the youngsters, it was something most children enjoyed.
Perkins introduced off-shoots of Kool-Aid, including pie fillings and ice cream mixes. These products never really took off with the public. During World War II, fruit acid and dextrose rationing prevented any expansion. After the war, the demand for Kool-Aid was so great that Perkins had to expand the factory and by 1950, some 300 production workers produced nearly 1 million packets of Kool-Aid each day!
In 1953, Perkins announced to his staff that he was selling Kool-Aid to General Foods. Within a year, the popular Smiling Face Pitcher was introduced in print advertisements. Root Beer and Lemonade flavors were added to the original six flavors in 1955 and pre-sweetened Kool-Aid was developed in 1964 and redeveloped in 1970.
Kraft Foods eventually acquired General Foods and became the new owners of Kool-Aid. They refined the Kool-Aid pitcher into Kool-Aid Man and introduced new Kool-Pumps and Kool Bursts to the market. Kool-Aid continues to be a popular product with roots in Hastings. It is the official soft drink of Nebraska!
Edwin and Kitty Perkins never forgot their Nebraska ties and returned home often.
The Perkins Foundation has been instrumental in many projects in and around Hastings, including gifts to Hastings College, Mary Lanning Memorial Hospital, Good Samaritan Retirement Village and the Hastings Museum. Edwin passed away in 1961 and Kitty followed 16 years later. Both are buried in Hastings.
The Hastings Museum houses an impressive Kool-Aid collection as part of the Kool-Aid: Discover the Dream exhibit, including the original Kool-Aid Man costume worn in the television commercials.


text:
Process Intensification Techniques for Continuous Spherical Crystallization in an Oscillatory Baffled Crystallizer with Online Process Monitoring
Guided by the continuous manufacturing paradigm shift in the pharmaceutical industry, the proposed thesis focuses on the implementation of an integrated continuous crystallization platform, the oscillatory baffled crystallizer (OBC), with real time process monitoring. First, by defining an appropriate operating regime with residence time distribution (RTD) measurements, a system can be defined that allows for plug flow operation while also maintaining solid suspension in a two-phase system. The aim of modern crystallization processes, narrow crystal size distributions (CSDs), is a direct result of narrow RTDs. Using a USB microscope camera and principal component analysis (PCA) in pulse tracer experiments, a novel non-contact RTD measurement method was developed using methylene blue. After defining an operating region, this work focuses on a specific process intensification technique, namely spherical crystallization.
Used mainly to tailor the size of a final dosage form, spherical crystallization removes the need for downstream size-control based unit operations (grinding, milling, and granulation), while maintaining drug efficacy by tailoring the size of the primary crystals in the agglomerate. The approach for generating spherical agglomerates is evaluated for both small and large molecules, as there are major distinctions in process kinetics and mechanisms. To monitor the spherical agglomeration process, a variety of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools were used and the data was implemented for scale-up applications.
Lastly, a compartmental model was designed based on the experimental RTD data with the intention of predicting OBC mixing and scale-up dynamics. Together, with validation from both the DN6 and DN15 systems, a scale independent equation was developed to predict system dispersion at different mixing conditions. Although it accurately predicts the behavior of these two OBC systems, additional OBC systems of different scale, but similar geometry should be tested for validation purposes.
- Doctor of Philosophy
- Chemical Engineering
- West Lafayette


www geocities com sedona psychics
Children's Legal Constitutionally Supported Respect for Life Search engine Results Manipulation School Paradigmal Choreography Phenomenon.
Children's search engine results manipulation school.
Children's legal synchronous search engine results manipulation modulation
is a respect for life strategy that allows young people to
create a better future than the one their parents created.
The ultimate disruptive technology has already become children's immortality education done internetedly
because it requires people to stop pretending that they care
and actually create life preserving solutions, real miracles, together.
Yes, everyone.
That does include you, by the way! As children are awakened into this respect for life phenomenon, interneted,
they won't be fooled by fake parents or teachers,
police, psychologists, or preachers or anyone really.
Their innate truth, love. clarity, and heightened intutitive aptitude does protect them
from your old paradigm gaming modality.
Schools, internationally, will get renovated by children's higher respect for life integrity
, synchronized psychically aka beehiviour.
They will spread this goodness among themselves and eventually raise
their parents into reality.
Blessed Events are Intentional...right there in your heart center. April 21 2008
"robert ray hedges" truth love clarity from Clusty April 23, 2008 Clusty April 21, 2008
These Last Shall be First!
Children's search engine results manipulation school.
setstats 1


#0348 – SQL Server – Msg 1946 – The index entry exceeds maximum length of 900 bytes
Having indexes on character columns is fairly common in OLTP systems that deal with multiple look-up values. However, indexes on character columns come with a small catch.
The maximum size of an index is 900 bytes. With character data forming part of the index columns, 900 bytes can fill up very fast depending upon the overall size of the character columns involved. While an index on the character columns can still be created if the existing data in the columns does not exceed 900 bytes, the system may reject an insert/update because the total size of the columns being inserted/updated exceed 900 bytes.
While I have never actually experienced this situation, I have seen SQL Server warning about index length exceeding 900 bytes. This prompted me to do a small test, which I am sharing via this post.
The scenario
To simulate the scenario, I will create a test table (for representational purposes) with a couple of columns which will be used on an index.
USE tempdb ;
GO
--(C) SQLTwins, nakulvachhrajani.com
--Safety Check
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.IndexLengthTest', 'U') IS NOT NULL
 DROP TABLE dbo.IndexLengthTest ;
GO
--Create the test table
--NOTE: For representational purposes only!
CREATE TABLE dbo.IndexLengthTest
 (
 KeyValue1 NVARCHAR(250),
 KeyValue2 NVARCHAR(250),
 KeyValue3 NVARCHAR(250),
 KeyValue4 UNIQUEIDENTIFIER
 )
GO
--Create the test Index
--NOTE: For representational purposes only!
CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX uncidx_IndexLengthTest
 ON dbo.IndexLengthTest ( KeyValue1, KeyValue2, KeyValue3, KeyValue4 ) ;
GO
NOTE that when the index is created, the following warning is seen in the "Messages" tab of the SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS).
Warning! The maximum key length is 900 bytes. The index 'uncidx_IndexLengthTest' has maximum length of 1516 bytes. For some combination of large values, the insert/update operation will fail.
The warning clearly indicates that the maximum possible size of the key in the proposed index is 1516 byes [(2*250)*3 + 16 = 1516 bytes]. Because the existing data in the table is less than 900 bytes, SQL Server will go ahead and create an index on the selected columns.
The Test
I will now attempt to insert a record in the table whose total size exceeds 900 bytes.
INSERT INTO dbo.IndexLengthTest
 (
 KeyValue1,
 KeyValue2,
 KeyValue3,
 KeyValue4
 )
VALUES (
 REPLICATE(N'a', 250),
 REPLICATE(N'b', 250),
 REPLICATE(N'c', 250),
 NEWID()
 ) ;
GO
SQL Server immediately returns the following error:
Msg 1946, Level 16, State 3, Line 1
Operation failed. The index entry of length 1516 bytes for the index 'uncidx_IndexLengthTest' exceeds the maximum length of 900 bytes.
To summarize, SQL Server prevents the user from inserting records that violate the index key length which is why caution needs to be exercised when designing indexes on character columns.
Further Reading
Until we meet next time,
Be courteous. Drive responsibly.
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Monday, March 10, 2008
Income is not income
Money: A song written by Berry Gordy, first recorded by Barrett Strong, then a bit later by a British band called the Beatles.
But income is not income. If you check the results of the Census/ACS and BEA for similar time frames, you'll see two different definitions of income. The Census/ACS definition is MONEY income. BEA measures PERSONAL income.
Data Detective Lenny explains:
Money income is essentially gross cash received on a regular basis (inheritence, etc. are not included). So wages and salaries are measured before taxes are removed.
According to the BEA web site:
This includes such income as housing subsidies, Medicare/Medicaid payments to hospitals on behalf of individuals, etc. even though the individual does not personally see it. The idea is that this is money supporting individuals. So the BEA figures will be significantly different ($10k higher) then the Census Bureau's.
No comments:


text:
This report describes the typical weather at the Sørkjosen Airport (Nordreisa, Norway) weather station over the course of an average year. It is based on the historical records from 2007 to 2012. Earlier records are either unavailable or unreliable.
Nordreisa has a humid subarctic continental climate with cool summers and no dry season. The area within 25 mi of this station is covered by tundra (56%), oceans and seas (30%), forests (10%), and grasslands (3%).
Over the course of a year, the temperature typically varies from 13°F to 61°F and is rarely below 1°F or above 69°F.
The warm season lasts from June 15 to September 14 with an average daily high temperature above 53°F. The hottest day of the year is August 3, with an average high of 61°F and low of 50°F.
The cold season lasts from December 25 to March 4 with an average daily high temperature below 30°F. The coldest day of the year is February 14, with an average low of 13°F and high of 22°F.
The length of the day varies significantly over the course of the year. The shortest day is December 21 with 0:00 hours of daylight; the longest day is June 20 with 24:00 hours of daylight.
Due to its extreme latitude, Nordreisa experiences polar day (also known as the midnight Sun) during summer and polar night during winter. The precise start and end dates of polar day and night vary from year to year and depend on the precise location and elevation of the observer, and the local topography.
In summer, the Sun is continuously above the horizon for 68 days, from May 18 to July 25.
In winter, the Sun is continuously below the horizon for 49 days, from November 27 to January 15.
Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in this location during 2012, starting in the spring on March 25 and ending in the fall on October 28.
The median cloud cover ranges from 70% (partly cloudy) to 81% (mostly cloudy). The sky is cloudiest on July 18 and clearest on January 30. The clearer part of the year begins around December 8. The cloudier part of the year begins around April 1.
On January 30, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 22% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 22% of the time.
On July 18, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast, mostly cloudy, or partly cloudy 42% of the time, and clear or mostly clear 7% of the time.
The probability that precipitation will be observed at this location varies throughout the year. Precipitation is most likely around September 30, occurring in 57% of days. Precipitation is least likely around January 24, occurring in 34% of days.
Over the entire year, the most common forms of precipitation are light rain, light snow, moderate rain, and moderate snow.
Light rain is the most severe precipitation observed during 37% of those days with precipitation. It is most likely around September 25, when it is observed during 31% of all days.
Light snow is the most severe precipitation observed during 20% of those days with precipitation. It is most likely around March 24, when it is observed during 21% of all days.
Moderate rain is the most severe precipitation observed during 19% of those days with precipitation. It is most likely around July 15, when it is observed during 17% of all days.
Moderate snow is the most severe precipitation observed during 15% of those days with precipitation. It is most likely around February 24, when it is observed during 16% of all days.
During the warm season, which lasts from June 15 to September 14, there is a 48% average chance that precipitation will be observed at some point during a given day. When precipitation does occur it is most often in the form of light rain (56% of days with precipitation have at worst light rain), moderate rain (30%), and drizzle (11%).
During the cold season, which lasts from December 25 to March 4, there is a 36% average chance that precipitation will be observed at some point during a given day. When precipitation does occur it is most often in the form of light snow (44% of days with precipitation have at worst light snow), moderate snow (32%), light rain (12%), and moderate rain (7%).
The likelihood of snow falling is highest around March 24, occurring in 35% of days. The season in which it is relatively likely for snow to fall spans from October 13 to May 14.
During peak snow season, accumulation at this location on a given day is very likely. The chances of there being snow on the ground are highest around January 19, occurring 91% of the time. The season in which snow is relatively likely to be on the ground spans from November 4 to May 6.
The snow is typically at its deepest on April 1, with a median depth of 17.2"; the depth exceeds 29.5" only one year out of ten.
The relative humidity typically ranges from 50% (comfortable) to 91% (very humid) over the course of the year, rarely dropping below 38% (comfortable) and reaching as high as 95% (very humid).
The air is driest around April 16, at which time the relative humidity drops below 55% (mildly humid) three days out of four; it is most humid around August 4, exceeding 89% (very humid) three days out of four.
Dew point is often a better measure of how comfortable a person will find the weather than relative humidity because it more directly relates to whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid.
Over the course of a year, the dew point typically varies from 4°F (dry) to 51°F (very comfortable) and is rarely below -8°F (dry) or above 55°F (very comfortable).
Over the course of the year typical wind speeds vary from 0 mph to 23 mph (calm to fresh breeze), rarely exceeding 30 mph (strong breeze).
The highest average wind speed of 14 mph (moderate breeze) occurs around January 26, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 23 mph (fresh breeze).
The lowest average wind speed of 6 mph (light breeze) occurs around August 4, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 13 mph (moderate breeze).


# NAME Web::Library - Manager for wrappers around client-side libraries # SYNOPSIS # in your Catalyst application: my $library_manager = Web::Library->instance; $library_manager->mount_library({ name => 'jQuery' }); $library_manager->mount_library( { name => 'Bootstrap', version => '2.3.0' }); __PACKAGE__->config( 'Plugin::Static::Simple' => { include_path => [ $library_manager->include_paths ] },... ); # in an HTML template... [% web_library.css_link_tags_for('Bootstrap', 'jQuery') %]... [% web_library.script_tags_for('Bootstrap', 'jQuery') %] # DESCRIPTION There are well-established ways for web applications to manage server-side dependencies, like 'Makefile.PL' or 'cpanfile' - but what about client-side dependencies? So you develop and maintain a number of web applications, and all of them use some client-side libraries like jQuery or Twitter Bootstrap or Underscore.js. You have to copy the relevant JavaScript, CSS and image files to a directory containing static files for each web application. This involves quite a bit of copying around and version maintenance. Web::Library can help you. The idea behind Web::Library and its related distributions is that client-side libraries are installed as shared files of standard CPAN distributions. Web::Library itself is a manager for those libraries. A web application that wishes to use one or more client-side libraries can tell Web::Library to include either the latest or a specific version of those libraries. These managed libraries can then be used as static files with web application frameworks. In the case of [Catalyst](_URL_ you might use [Catalyst::Plugin::Static::Simple](_URL_ as shown in the synopsis. Web::Library is a singleton object, so you can add client-side libraries in different parts of your application. For example, you might have common librares that are included in all of your web applications, but then also want to manage application-specific libraries. Only client-side libraries whose license permits redistribution can be managed this way. Forunately, most, if not all, popular client-side libraries have such permissive licenses. # METHODS - instance Returns the singleton Web::Library object that manages all client-side libraries. - mount\_library Adds a specific version of a client-side library to the list of managed libraries. Takes a hashref of named parameters. Valid parameters are: - name The name of the client-side library. The manager will try to load the 'Web::Library::$name' class. For example, [Web::Library::Bootstrap](_URL_ is a distribution wrapper for Twitter Bootstrap. - version A distribution wrapper will contain various versions of the wrapped client-side library. Using this parameter you can specify the version you want. Refer to the relevant distribution's documentation to see which versions are available. This parameter is optional; if omitted, the latest version is used. - include\_paths Client-side library files are installed as shared files as described in [File::ShareDir](_URL_ The 'include_paths' method returns the absolute paths to shared directories for all managed libraries. ## ASSET-RELATED METHODS Web::Library can also help you with including a library's CSS and JavaScript files in the web page templates. If you expose an instance of Web::Library to your templates, you can add the relevant '' and '


MomentJS - Date Validation
MomentJS handles date validation in an easy way. You need not write lots of code to validate date. isValid() is the method available on moment which tells if the date is valid or not. MomentJS also provides many parsing flags which can be used to check for date validation.
Parsing Flags
MomentJS provides the following parsing flags in cases where the date given is considered as invalid −
overflow − This will occur when the month given is 13th, day is 367th in an year or 32nd in a month, 29th for Feb on a non-leap year etc. Overflow contains the index of the invalid unit to match towards invalidAt. Note that -1 means no overflow.
invalidMonth − It shows an invalid month name. It will give the invalid month string or null.
Empty − When an input is given which is not a date. It gives a Boolean.
nullInput − A null input, like moment(null);It returns a Boolean.
invalidFormat − When the format given is empty such as moment('2018-04-25', []). It gives Boolean back.
userInvalidated − A date created explicitly as invalid, such as moment.invalid(). It returns Boolean.
meridiem − Indicates the meridiem (AM/PM) parsed, if any. It returns string.
parsedDateParts − It returns an array of date parts parsed such as parsedDateParts[0] as year, parsedDateParts[1] as month and parsedDateParts[2] as day. If no parts are present, but meridiem has value, date is invalid. It returns an array.
Consider the following example to understand date validation −
var a = moment("2018-18-10T10:20:25");
The invalidAt gives the output as 1, which points to the month as the month value is greater than 12 and it overflows. If there is an overflow, invalidAt will give the output as shown in the table given here −
0 years
1 months
2 days
3 hours
4 minutes
5 seconds
6 milliseconds
If there are multiple overflows in the date given, it will be an output for the first overflowed index.


text:
The Partnership to Health through Water is a global alliance of programmes and initiatives dedicated to reducing the incidence of water-related disease worldwide. The Partnership has a key area of work focused on advocating the adoption and implementation of Water Safety Plans (WSPs), which are described in the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality and the IWA Bonn Charter for Safe Drinking Water.
As part of the Partnership, WSPortal aims to contribute to improving and maintaining the safety of piped drinking water supplies through the effective implementation of WSPs. This is achieved through collecting and disseminating case studies, references and tools, which provide practical guidance and evidence-based material of relevance that can be applied appropriately for a range of circumstances.
- Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID)
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
- DfID(UK) & Gov. of Bangladesh - Arsenic Policy Support Unit (APSU)
- Health Canada
- International Water Association (IWA)
- New Zealand Ministry of Health (NZ MoH)
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
- WHO Water Sanitation and Health Programme (WSH)


text:
Real-world Ethics for Self-Driving Cars
Ethical and social problems of the emerging technology of self-driving cars can best be addressed through an applied engineering ethical approach. However, currently social and ethical problems are typically being presented in terms of an idealized unsolvable decision-making problem, the so-called Trolley Problem. Instead, we propose that ethical analysis should focus on the study of ethics of complex real-world engineering problems. As software plays a crucial role in the control of self-driving cars, software engineering solutions should handle actual ethical and social considerations. We take a closer look at the regulative instruments, standards, design, and implementations of components, systems, and services and we present practical social and ethical challenges that must be met in the ecology of the socio-technological system of self-driving cars which implies novel expectations for software engineering in the automotive industry.


text:
Definition of ametropia
n. - Any abnormal condition of the refracting powers of the eye. 2
The word "ametropia" uses 9 letters: A A E I M O P R T.
No direct anagrams for ametropia found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after ametropia (in bold), or to aaeimoprt in any order:
s - ametropias
All words formed from ametropia by changing one letter
Browse words starting with ametropia by next letter


Tuesday, April 5, 2011
Josephine Sarah Marcus ~ aka Josephine Earp
Josephine Sarah Marcus
Josephine Sarah Marcus was the second of three children born in Brooklyn, NY in 1860-61 to German-Jewish immigrants Carl Hyman Marcuse (later Henry Marcus) and Sophie Lewis. When they married, Sophie was 8 years older than her husband and a widow with a 3-year-old daughter named Rebecca. Josephine had an older brother Nathan (August 12, 1857) and younger sister Henrietta (July 10, 1864).
When Josephine was 11, her father was lured by the opportunity afforded in the growing city of San Francisco. They traveled via ship to Panama and caught a second ship to San Francisco, arriving while the city was recovering from the disastrous earthquake of October 21, 1868. Her parents joined the Reformed Temple and her father found work as a baker.
By 1870 San Francisco, the population had boomed to 149,473, and housing was in short supply. Apartment buildings were crowded and large homes were converted into rooming houses. The city was riding on the coattails of the still-expanding economic boom caused by the extraction of silver from the Comtock Lode. Lots of money flowed from Nevada through San Francisco, and for a while the Marcus family prospered. Later that year her step-sister Rebecca Levy married Aaron Wiener, an insurance salesman and a native of Prussia, like her parents.
Henry Marcus made enough money to send Josephine and her sister Hattie to music and dance classes at the McCarthy Dancing Academy, a family-owned business that taught music and dance to both children and adults. In her autobiography I Married Wyatt Earp, Josephine states, "Hattie and I attended the McCarthy Dancing Academy for children on Howard Street (Polk and Pacific). Eugenia and Lottie McCarthy taught us to dance the Highland Fling, the Sailor's Hornpipe and ballroom dancing."
Josephine claimed that she matured early. "There was far too much excitement in the air to remain a child." She apparently resented how the schools in San Francisco treated her, describing them as "inconsistent of a tolerant and gay populous acting as merciless and self-righteous as a New England village in bringing up its children." She described the harsh disciplined meted out, including the "sting of rattan" and "being slapped for tardiness".
In 1874, production of gold and silver from the Comstock Lode, which had brought so much wealth to San Francisco, began to dwindle. San Francisco suffered, and her father Henry's earnings as a baker fell, forcing the family to move in with Josephine's older sister Sophia and her husband in the flatlands south of Market Street. It was known as "The Slot," a working class, ethnically mixed neighborhood, where smoke from factory chimneys filled the air.
Pauline Markham
When Josephine was 17 years old, she and friend Dora Hirsh ran away with the Pauline Markham Theater Company. Markham already had a nationwide reputation as a burlesque songstress. She often appeared on stage and in racy publicity photos wearing a corset and pink tights... shocking attire for the 1870s. In the manuscript that was used in part as a basis for her book I Married Wyatt Earp, Josephine wrote that she and Dora sailed from San Francisco to Santa Barbara with the 6 members of the troupe. [Note: The troupe actually left San Francisco October of 1879 for Arizona on board the Southern Pacific Railroad. The troupe reached Tombstone in December 1879 after which they headed north to Prescott. where they put on more than a dozen performances of HMS Pinafore between December 24, 1879~February 20, 1880.]
John Behan
On September 28, 1874, John Behan was nominated Sheriff at the Democratic convention in Yavapai County. The Prescott Miner reported on October 6 that, "J.H. Behan left on an 'electioneering' tour toward Black Canyon, Wickenburg and other places" north and east of present-day Phoenix, only a few miles distant from Cave Creek where Al Sieber, the famous Indian scout, was looking for Indians. Behan was gone for 35 days, during which he could have met Josephine. She said "my heart was stirred by his attentions as would the heart of any girl have been under such romantic circumstances. The affair was at least a diversion in my homesickness though I cannot say I was in love with him." Behan returned to Prescott on November 11 but lost the election.
Josephine's record of what happened next, if accurate, says that she and Dora were homesick and returned to San Francisco with the help of Sieber, who she claimed led them to safety. Sieber was German and so was Josephine's father. Sieber is supposed to have contacted Josephine's brother-in-law, Aaron Wiener, who helped arrange transportation home. While Josephine described Seiber in buckskin clothing, he later said he only wore buckskin garments while posing for a photograph. Josephine's story was that Sieber and his scouts led her stagecoach and it's passengers to a nearby adobe ranch house where the group spent 10 days sleeping on the floor. According to Josephine, this is where she first met John Harris, who she described as, "young and darkly handsome, with merry black eyes and an engaging smile."
According to Josephine's story, upon her return to San Francisco, Johnny Behan followed her in order to ask her to marry him. She declined, and he returned to Arizona. Josephine told the Earp cousins that she returned to San Francisco before the grand opening of the Baldwin Theater on March 6, 1876. She wrote that her family told "the younger children (niece and nephew), and our friends were told that I had gone away for a visit.... The memory of it has been a source of humiliation and regret to me in all the years since that time and I have never until now disclosed it to anyone besides my husband (Wyatt)."
Tip Top, AZ ca. 1888
 In November, 1879, Behan had a saloon in the silver mining town known as TipTop, AZ. The fast-growing town already had five saloons with five courtesans, and Johnny's new saloon had none.
According to Josephine, Johnny proposed marriage and she decided to leave San Francisco once again. Johnny's proposal of marriage was a good excuse to leave home. She wrote, "life was dull for me in San Francisco. In spite of my bad experience of a few years ago the call to adventure still stirred my blood."
Behan arrived in Tombstone in September, 1880. 18 months after the town's founding. He was named by newly elected Sheriff Charles A. Shibell as the Pima County Deputy Sheriff for eastern Pima County. He also bought part interest in the Dexter Livery Stable with John Dunbar.
Josephine moved with Behan to Tombstone. She said years later that she lived with a lawyer while working as a housekeeper for Behan and his ten year old son, Albert. This version of her return has been disputed, as some believe that she was really living with Behan all along after her return to Tombstone. In her conversations about her life with the Earp cousins, she was very imprecise about the timing and exact nature of events during this period. The most she would say is that she returned to Tombstone believing Behan was planning to marry her, and when he kept putting it off, she grew disillusioned.
In the midst of their romantic relationship, Behan continued to see other women. Josephine wrote a letter to her father, who sent her $300 for a return trip to San Francisco. Rather than leaving Tombstone, Behan convinced Josephine to use the money to build a house for them. Josie also pawned a diamond ring to complete the construction.
In April 1881, less than eight months later, the home that Behan and Marcus shared had been rented to Dr. George Emory Goodfellow. However, as late as June 1881, Josephine was still signing her name as Josephine Behan. In the summer of 1881 Johnny Behan became involved in a serious romantic relationship with another woman. Wyatt Earp was still living with his current common-law wife Mattie Blaylock.
Wyatt Earp, Age 33
It is not known exactly when Marcus left Behan or how Marcus and Wyatt Earp began their relationship. Known diarist George W. Parsons never mentioned seeing Wyatt and Josephine together, and neither did John Clum in his memoirs. Virgil's wife, Allie, did write about her, noting that "Sadie's charms were undeniable. She had a small, trim body and a meneo of the hips that kept her full, flounced skirts bouncing. Certainly her strange accent, brought with her from New York to San Francisco, carried a music new to the ears of a Western gambler and gunman." At some point during August and September they became friends and then more seriously involved.
Behan was embarrassed by the public breakup. Most Tombstone residents thought that Marcus and Behan were legally married. Her breakup with Behan and her arrival into Wyatt's life were publicized by the The Tombstone Epitaph, the leading local newspaper. To add to the scandal Earp


text:
Sign the Sportsmen's Bill of Rights
Be a Part of the Sportsmen's Solution
The Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development Bill of Rights was created by hunters and anglers who want to ensure that our rights to hunt and fish on public lands are protected in the future. We recognize that our country needs energy and we know it is possible to develop resources and protect vital fish and game habitat at the same time. Sign up to today and help to ensure that our Western hunting and fishing heritage is protected for future generations.
The Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development Bill of Rights
- The public lands that hunters and anglers depend upon shall remain in the public domain for the use of future generations.
- Hunters and anglers shall have a voice in decisions affecting energy development on public lands.
- Public lands shall be managed for many uses, including hunting and fishing.
- Our hunting and fishing heritage shall not be jeopardized by energy development that fails to account for the future, long-term impacts to fish, wildlife, and water resources.
- Energy development shall not harm water resources that are priceless to people and vital to wildlife.
- Hunters and anglers shall not be forced to pay for the costs associated with poorly planned energy development on public lands.
- Energy development shall comply with standard guidelines, best management practices, and regulations put in place to minimize the impact of development on fish, wildlife, and people.
- Vital fish and wildlife habitat on public lands shall be protected. Sage grouse habitat, fragile trout streams, deer and elk winter range, riparian areas, and other irreplaceable habitats must not be sacrificed.
- All sectors of the energy industry shall pay its fair share of the cost for habitat mitigation and restoration on public lands that are impacted by development.
- State and federal fish and wildlife agencies shall have adequate funding to ensure the long-term health of fish, wildlife, and water resources on our public lands.
Please join other organizations, businesses, and individuals and endorse the Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development Bill of Rights. Play a role in bringing balance to energy development in the West.


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An evolution of POD
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NAME
MetaPOD - An evolution of POD
VERSION
version 0.3.6
{ "namespace":"MetaPOD" }
What is MetaPOD
1. Documentation About Documentation
MetaPOD is a system intended to express the relationships between different documents, and express the importance and context of other things within the documents, and express how the documents as a whole fit together
2. Documentation about Meta
MetaPOD also is a system by which one can express relationships about code, code which has documentation, but how the documentation is related to other documentation requires you to normally understand the meta-level information within the code works, so, this system aims to make the "meta level" more visible from the surface, so the meta-level information can be more easily used to
 - Aggregate multiple documents to a single document in line with how the Meta layer works
 - Show pretty graphs and things showing how classes are related to each other
What can MetaPOD do for me
At present, there is not much built on top of the MetaPOD API, so it is marginally limited.
And at present, there is not much on CPAN with MetaPOD annotations, so any such functionality is presently limited by that.
However, for a taste of what we might see with widespread use of MetaPOD, here is what we can easily determine from the present API, with the existing annotations in within MetaPOD itself: self_structure.png
People who are writing MetaPOD
Eventually, the goal is to have the MetaPOD itself able to be generated via tools during development, so that the meta-layer information is cemented into the POD itself, before, or during release.
In that vein, I hope to make a Dist::Zilla plug-in that does this for you.
In the mean time, the documents you want to be reading are
 - MetaPOD::Spec - The general specification for all forms of MetaPOD
 - MetaPOD::JSON - Information specific to the JSON based implementation of MetaPOD
People who are wanting to read MetaPOD
AUTHOR
Kent Fredric _EMAIL_
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2014 by Kent Fredric _EMAIL_.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
Something went wrong with that request. Please try again.


text:
Theology students enrolled in the Master of Divinity (MDIV), Master of Arts in Social Change (MASC), and Master of Arts in Pastoral and Spiritual Care (MAPSC), will participate in a three phase program designed to promote personal and professional formation:
Psychological instruments are taken to assess fitness, competence, and readiness for ministry. Results are individually reviewed with each student by the Iliff Consultation and Guidance Center.
- Strong Interest Inventory (SII)
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
- California Psychological Inventory (CPI)
In Phase II, students develop a plan that addresses specific goals related to personal and professional growth. These plans are approved in conversation with the Iliff Consultation and Guidance Center and may include resources such as:
- Professional Workshops or Retreats
- Spiritual Formation
- Personalized Programs for Growth
Students implement and complete the plan they created in Phase II, providing written documentation of their experience.