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NEW! Interactive Hockomock Swamp Map
Check out this new interactive map of Hockomock Swamp and explore surrounding conservation lands.
Journey to the Heart of Hockomock Swamp
Our Hockomock adventurers filmed their journey into the swamp. Click to see this fascinating place first-hand!
By Kate Frazer
From Route 138 in Easton, Hockomock Swamp looks like a wall of snarled vegetation. Thick and impassible, there are no trails here, no clear way in or out. Quickly I see why this place has inspired ghost stories featuring pterodactyl-like creatures, canoeing ghosts and even Bigfoot himself.
But what really lives in this vast wetland?
Five of us from The Nature Conservancy — two scientists, a writer, a board member/ecologist and his 13-year-old granddaughter — got to the heart of this question. Using maps and remote sensing, we set out to survey a path from the side of the road to the most remote location in Hockomock.
Is the swamp a scary, icky place? Or a treasure trove of biodiversity? What is the use of this wet green wilderness? And why should we protect it? Journey along with us and find out.
The air is heavy with the threat of rain and the constant roar of traffic. Route 138 cuts north to south through the middle of Hockomock, but as yet, few other human developments have encroached upon it. This is as close to wilderness as remains in this heavily-settled part of the United States.
Alison Bowden, director of the freshwater program in Massachusetts, and Richard Forman, a board member and ecologist, are already identifying plants. Nearly everything by the road is invasive. They name reed canary grass, glossy buckthorn, Japanese knotweed and purple loosestrife.
But one plant, a native species, overtakes all others. "Clethra," says Alison. "We're about to get very familiar with it."
As we plow our way through the first 200 feet of the plant, it tugs at our arms and legs. We disappear from the road, and the vegetation springs back into place. One by one we are swallowed by the swamp.
When the undergrowth opens up a little, we notice that the maple swamp's floor is now bumpy with hummocks and hollows. There are new plants, too: sphagnum and other mosses, cinnamon fern and Canada mayflower. Land protection specialist David McGowan snaps a twig of yellow birch and offers it to us. It smells faintly of wintergreen.
"Where is all the water?" asks 13-year-old Brianna, shaking a few drops from a leaf.
"There's probably lots of standing water here in spring and winter," Richard explains. "The ground is very spongy." We all test it, bouncing lightly. "Peat and sphagnum have great capacity to absorb water, and the water table is low now." As further evidence, Alison points to the base of a tree, which is circled by stained leaves and water rings.
In an average year, 7.5 billion gallons of water fall on Hockomock. The swamp acts as a giant sponge, capturing rain and melting snow and slowly releasing it to tributaries that eventually flow into the Taunton River, which harbors many rare species. If the swamp were filled or paved over, many surrounding towns in Southeast Massachusetts would be in danger of flooding, and many species would lose their homes.
"This is an immense water storage area that doesn't cost a cent to maintain," says Alison. "Oftentimes the best strategy for a wetland is to simply leave it alone."
Around the 1,000-foot mark, curious chickadees and titmice fly in, scolding us for our presence. David hears wood thrush and northern waterthrush farther ahead. The traffic noise is slowly replaced by the squelch of our boots and the snapping of branches.
Hockomock swamp's Wampanoag name means "place where spirits dwell," from a belief that good spirits led visitors to abundant deer and fish. Remarkably, the swamp remains relatively unchanged more than 300 years later. Bald eagles, river otter and osprey still enjoy rich habitat here, and rare amphibians and reptiles — like the blue-spotted salamander and Blanding's turtle — thrive in the moist conditions.
But there have been major impacts — the foremost of which was the installation of a railroad berm in the 1840s.
"The railroad is unused now, but it still alters the swamp's hydrology," says Alison. "So do nearby roads and culverts, which are often sources of pollution and barriers to migrating animals." Hockomock still functions well because of its size, but further fragmentation could quickly change all of that.
We reach the rail line at the 2,600-foot mark. The dry, gravel path marks a hard line between two swamp types: red maple and Atlantic cedar. Deer flies form buzzing halos around our heads, and we dash toward the cedar swamp.
Will they make it to the most remote spot in the swamp? And find their way back out? Keep reading!...


How to Make a External Cell Phone Battery for Under $10
The intro will just explain one thing: why I decided to make this.
When I go on long trips, I like to be prepared. I also like to listen to music (when awake on that trip.).
Recently, I got a Android smartphone, and like all smartphones; the battery won't last more than eight hours.
This summer (2013) I am going on a 14 hour bus ride. So there's my problem: Too little power, no job, and real external battery packs cost upwards of $50.
So, I made my own; with a bit of help from the fellow evil scientists of the internet.
Step 1: Parts.
To build this pack, you will need:
_________________________
-A brain, some logic, and common sense.
- A "size D" four-battery case.
-A pack of Diodes.
- A USB cable to your device.
- A multimeter.
- Extra wiring (just in case).
- Electrical tape.
-And of course, size D batteries.
_________________________
All of these things (besides the first) can be found at a hobby store (such as Radioshack).
If you feel a little uncomfortable jumping into this, check out this Instructable on some basics.
Step 2: USB Cable and Wiring.
The first thing is to make the adapter for your device. If it's a iPhone 5 or an Optimus G, the process shown here applies. So, take the cord for your device and cut it about half way. You can always cut it shorter later on, so it's a good starting point.
Once you have cut your wire, strip each smaller wire inside of it. Proceed to next step to find which are the power cables.
Step 3: I HAVE THE POWER!!!
Now, with the USB male half of the cable plugged into a USB female power source, test two of the wires at a time with your multimeter to find the Negative and Positive wires.
I actually recommend doing this from a USB outlet adapter, because if you end up shorting this cable...you don't want to have to buy a new laptop.
Generally, Red is always positive (+) and black is always negative (-), but it's a good idea to test and not just assume.
Step 4: The Other Part of This Trinity.
I couldn't get a good photo of this part, sorry.
If you look close at the diode you (hopefully) have, you will see that there is a silver line on one side.
That is very important, because the negative (-) wire from the the battery compartment gets taped to the side of the diode nearest to the silver line. The other side of the diode is then taped (or however you're connecting it) to the negative wire of the phone cable.
The positive wire (+) (from the battery compartment) then gets directly connected to positive wire (+) of the phone cable.
Step 5: Final Notes.
Some final thoughts on this:
This project is about on par with a cheap charger, and you know what they say, you get what you pay for.
Although a $50 China battery would give you almost bullet-proof safety with your phone, this is still safe enough for real use; plus, you just made this yourself in America.
Also, if you didn't, make sure to read the notes embedded in the photos, they contain important bits of information. Not deadly important, but still on the must read.
And finally, all constructive comments and criticism are welcomed.
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 19 Discussions
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 country survivor
 5 years ago
 They have 50,000 mah external batteries on eBay for $20. I'm going on a school trip to DC in the spring and am going to charge peoples phones for money, I don't expect to make much but hopefully I can make some extra cash.
 3 replies
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 Gilik
 5 years ago on Step 5
 Nice instructable! which app do you use for the notification of battery charging?
 2 replies
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 The Dark LordGilik
 Reply 5 years ago on Step 5
 Sorry for the late response, but to answer your question;
 "Battery Widget Reborn".
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 techboy411The Dark Lord
 Reply 3 years ago
 I use that widget too! I used the free version for a long time until i upgraded to the full version.
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 diychaser
 3 years ago
 What about using a usb dc charge booster they can step up 1v to the 5v u need there about a dollar a piece on ebay. You could eliminate the need for a wire. Good project overall, keep on chugging.
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 dotnetdotcomhfdjgl
 Reply 3 years ago on Introduction
 4 D cells @ 1.5 volts each in series = 6.0 volts - 0.7 volts from the diode = 5.3 volts. Voltage should be acceptable.
 Typical alkaline D cell capacity is around 10,000 mAh. My cell phone battery capacity is 1540 mAh. 10000/1540 = 6.49. Theoretically, I could recharge about 6.5 times, but in real usage it won't recharge that much.
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 The Dark Lordhfdjgl
 Reply 5 years ago on Introduction
 I should, it would be ideal; but this was the best I could find in Radioshack. I didn't have the time to buy online either.
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 djsarnaldo
 4 years ago
 great proj. i'll make something like this soon.
 please tell me how much charges usually take to dry the batteries.
 This charger was made for the sole purpose of charging the phone. The wires for data transfer inside my USB cable are completely ignored and cut away.
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 The Dark Lorddasimpson1981
 Reply 5 years ago on Step 5
 My phone won't recognize it's charging without them; most likely because it wasn't without them.
 I only had it plugged in for less than 30 seconds, but I didn't want to to risk a $500 phone over a simple experiment (turned instructable).


Q and A: SQL Server memory allocated outside of Buffer Pool, formerly known as MemToLeave
Q. Under SQL Server 2000 Is the memtoleave concept still valid under 64-bit?
A. Yes. If SQL Server's component requests memory larger than 8 KB block, the block will be allocated outside of Buffer Pool. Remember, inside of SQL Server, Buffer Pool is preferable memory manager for dynamic allocations. However, it can only serve allocations that are equal or below size of 8 KB. In case when request exceeds 8 KB size, a block will be allocated by Multi Page Allocator from the area that some people call memtoleave,i.e memory outside of Buffer Pool. So basically there is no difference between 32 and 64 bit versions. Please keep in mind that I am not a big fan of memtoleave term due to the fact that SQL Server does make use of memtoleave area.
Q. Under 32-bit, my understanding is that proc plans over 8k will go into memtoleave. What about 64-bit?
A. Proc plans have lots of different allocations associated with it. The first allocation will be always below 8 KB and will be allocated form the Buffer Pool. It is possible for some proc plan allocations to be larger than 8 KB and those will be allocated by Multi Page Allocator, so there is no difference between 32 and 64 bit versions. However, please keep in mind that on 64 bit platform some of the data structures are bigger due to widening of the pointer size and alignment changes. For example on 64 bit some of our data structures require 16 byte alignment for memory allocations. The increase of pointer size might force allocation request to spill over 8 KB boundary and will make memory manager to use Multi Page Allocator instead of Buffer Pool.
Q. With SQL Server 2005, is it the same?
A. Yes
Q. In addition, proc plans over 8K go to the multi-page allocation. Is that still sourced from buffer cache or a different area?
A. See the answer to your previous question. Multi page allocations are sourced from area different than Buffer Pool.


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Technical-economic assessment of the production of methanol from biomass. Executive summary. Final research report
Description: The results are presented of a comprehensive systems study which assessed the engineering and economic feasibilities of the production of methanol from biomass utilizing existing technology. The three major components of the biomass to methanol system assessed are the availability of biomass feedstocks, the thermochemical conversion of biomass to methanol fuels, and the distribution and markets for methanol fuels. The results of this study show that methanol fuel can be produced from biomass us… more
Date: July 12, 1979
Creator: Wan, E. I.; Simmons, J. A.; Price, J. D. & Nguyen, T. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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We present here the construction and application of a compact benchtop time-resolved Kerr magnetometer to measure the magnetization precession in magnetic thin films and lithographically patterned elements. As opposed to very expensive femtosecond lasers this system is built upon a picosecond pulsed injection diode laser and electronic pulse and delay generators. The precession is triggered by the electronic pulses of controlled duration and shape, which is launched onto the sample by a microstrip line. We used polarized optical pulses synchronous to the electronic pulses to measure the magneto-optical Kerr rotation. The system is integrated in a conventional upright microscope configuration with separate illumination, imaging, and magneto-optical probe paths. The system offers high stability, relative ease of alignment, sample changing, and a long range of time delay. We demonstrate the measurements of time-resolved dynamics of a Permalloy microwire and microdot using this system, which showed dynamics at two different time scales.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Rural and remote social welfare practice: Differences and similarities in the Australian context
Professional distance and social work
The development of 'expert-ness': Rural practitioners and role boundaries
Understanding male domestic partner abusers
Whispers on the wind : The small quiet voice of rural health and welfare practice
Key influences on rural health and welfare service delivery : Lessons from the literature
Too close for comfort? : personal and professional role boundaries in rural health and welfare practice
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Table of Contents
People possess at least 10,000 Clovis points in total. While people have more than a few of them, they are still rare enough to be expensive. A Clovis point might be worth only a few hundred, or you might be able to sell it on eBay for $14000. They vary a lot in price, so make sure not to sell your point for much less than it's worth. via
Are Clovis points Rare?
Stanford says that Clovis points are rare, but it's not uncommon to find them on beaches. via
Where have most of the Clovis points been found?
Distribution. Clovis points were first discovered near the city of Clovis, New Mexico, and have since been found over most of North America and as far south as Venezuela. via
How do you identify a Clovis point?
Clovis points are wholly distinctive. Chipped from jasper, chert, obsidian and other fine, brittle stone, they have a lance-shaped tip and (sometimes) wickedly sharp edges. Extending from the base toward the tips are shallow, concave grooves called "flutes" that may have helped the points be inserted into spear shafts. via
What is a Clovis arrowhead worth?
The research began with the 2015 discovery of what is believed to be a Clovis point arrowhead, which Gramly says could be 12,800 or more years old and worth as much as $15,000. via
Are broken arrowheads worth anything?
A chipped or broken arrowhead is not going to be worth as much as one in good condition. More than a few of the arrowheads I find have broken points. A broken point or any other damage makes an arrowhead worth very little. via
What's the most expensive arrowhead ever sold?
The most expensive arrowhead ever sold went for $276,000. It was both prehistoric and made of green obsidian, a rare stone. Very ancient arrowheads are rare, with the famous Clovis points being the most sought-after and valuable rare arrowheads. via
Which is older Folsom or Clovis?
The Paleoindian Period: 13,000 (or earlier) to 6000 B.C.
Folsom points are often found with the bones of bison. Clovis points, which were made early in the Paleoindian period, have been found throughout North America, most often associated with the bones of mammoths. via
What is the best way to tell how old an artifact is?
Perhaps the most famous absolute dating technique, radiocarbon dating was developed during the 1940s and relies on chemistry to determine the ages of objects. Used on organic matter, the technique measures the amount of radioactive carbon decay to determine an object's age. via
Where Clovis sites have been found?
The Clovis culture was named after flint spearheads found in the 1930s at a site in Clovis, New Mexico. Clovis sites have been identified throughout the contiguous United States, as well as in Mexico and Central America. via
What were Clovis points mainly used for?
Clovis points are lance-shaped, partially fluted, and used for killing mammoths and other very large game (see Clovis complex). via
What do scholars know about Clovis points?
Definition of Clovis Points
Clovis Points are a type of prehistoric tool made by native peoples of North America roughly 10,000-13,500 years ago. They resemble a large spearhead, although the technical term used by archaeologists is projectile point, because it may have been thrown as a projectile for hunting. via
What does a Clovis point Arrowhead look like?
Known for its distinct, but primitive look, Clovis points are generally shaped like spearheads. These spearheads are bifacial, and most likely were made by smacking stone at an angle, in order to fracture the rock to produce a certain shape. via
How can you tell how old an arrowhead is?
Signs of use or wear of an arrowhead can also establish its age. Small damages to the blade or tips indicate wear. The once sharp edges had become smooth. And most prehistoric tool users sharpen the blades or dull tips of their tools. via
Why are Clovis points fluted?
Archaeologists have debated for years as to why the Clovis added this flute feature to their points. Basically, it is a thin groove chipped off at the base on both sides, perhaps first made by accident, which logically makes it very thin and brittle. via


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Somalia Flood Advisory For Juba And Shabelle Rivers - Issued 02 November 2023
Juba River Catchment Over the past three days, there has been a notable increase in both the amount and intensity of rainfall in the Gedo region and the Ethiopian highlands. The current water levels along the Juba River are now only 8 cm below bankful level at Dollow, 14 cm at Luuq, and under 40 cm at Bardheere. The ongoing heavy rainfall, coupled with the forecasted moderate rains in the next 24 hours, with an accumulation of approximately 150 mm over the next three days across Gedo, are expected to cause the river level to reach bankful height. This presents a high risk of riverine flooding along the entire stretch of the Juba River. Additionally, there is a high risk of flash flooding in the Gedo region, particularly in the Garbahaarey district within the next 24 hours. Residents in Deeday, Buulo Oomin, Tuutees, and Dhayba should take all necessary precautions to ensure their safety. Necessary anticipatory action should be taken. Shabelle River Catchment There has been a slight increase in water levels along the Shabelle River. The water levels are currently just 8.0 cm, 50.0 cm and 70.0 cm below the moderate flood risk levels at Beletweyne, Bulo Burte and Jowhar, respectively. The runoff from forecast moderate rains within the catchment over the next three days in HirShabelle, is likely to lead to a gradual rise in water levels with moderate risk of flooding along the Shabelle River. There are also reports of high flood wave approaching the Somali-Ethiopia border which is projected to lead to a significant river level rise in 3 to 4 days. Flash Floods Within the next 24 hours, heavy rains are anticipated over most areas of Bakool and Bay regions. As a result, there is a high risk of flash flooding in low-lying and vulnerable areas, particularly in Buur Hakabar, Diinsoor, Qansax Dheere, and Baydhaba districts in Bay, as well as Waajid and Ceel Barde districts in Bakool. Most parts of Middle Juba, including areas around Jilib, are expected to receive rainfall exceeding 100 mm, with coastal areas of Jilib experiencing particularly high amounts of over 200 mm, posing a significant risk of flash floods especially around Jiirta and Kuunyo-Burrow. Similarly, areas along the border of Hobyo and Jariiban districts in Mudug are likely to receive rainfall exceeding 200 mm, potentially leading to flash floods over Xingaras, Dhinooda, Ceel Dhahanaan, and Ceel Bacduur. Residents around the mentioned areas should take precautionary measures to ensure their safety.
Date of publication:


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Cha-Ching! Finally a new and exciting resource to help reinforce counting money, one of the most useful skills a child can learn!
Cha-Cha-Ching! is a variation of the old card game, "Snip Snap Snorem", a game I recently discovered. Players take turns counting, matching, and putting down money cards, while proclaiming, "Cha!" or "Ching!". Each player tries to be the first to match and put down all of the cards in his/her "hand"! ( A match is two or more cards with the same value of money displayed on them).
Cha-Cha-Ching! contains two different decks of cards. The blue deck is for the basic level of the game in which kiddos will match cards displaying "basic" denominations of money ($0.25, $0.50, $0.60, $0.75, $1.00, $1.25, $2.00, $2.75, $5.00, $5.50, $10.00, $15.00, and $20.00). The yellow deck is for the challenging level of the game in which students will match cards displaying more "challenging" denominations of money ($0.30, $0.85, $0.93, $1.54, $1.78, $3.42, $4.17, $6.62, $7.03, $11.29, $13.21, $16.39, $20.15, and $21.74).
This product includes the following:
-TWO decks of Cha-Cha-Ching! Money Cards (1 "basic" level, 1 "challenging" level)
-Examples of Game Rounds
-Cha-Cha-Ching! Recording Sheet on which students will record some of the values of money from the game in standard form and picture form, as well as record a NEW matching picture form that was NOT used in the game.
Money, Counting Money, Money Game, Money Cards, Matching Money Game, Coin Facts


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The Egyptians shared their environment with many different beasts, birds, fish and reptiles. These animals would appear on many objects including sculptures, jewellery and hieroglyphics. These animals were thought of as part of the 'world system' made by the sun god, and as earthly versions of many gods.
The cat was sacred to the Egyptian goddess of love, fertility and joy, Bast or Bastet.
This Egyptian Cat pendant is made from lead-free pewter and is supplied on a waxed cord. The information card is full colour on the front and has historical information on the reverse.


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Story at a glance:
- Terra-cotta is experiencing a renaissance as a sustainable material in architecture.
- The material's ability to be customized in shape, size, and color makes it ideal for creating expressive facades.
- Now researchers are using terra-cotta in innovative new ways, from floor tiles to window mullions.
Terra-cotta, Italian for "baked earth," has been used for thousands of years. In the last decade the versatile material has surged in popularity as architects experiment with environmentally sustainable and creative new applications for it.
Here are just some ways to use terra-cotta in architecture.
1. As a Sustainable Material for Roofing
While shingles are an oil-based product, terra-cotta is a natural mixture of dirt, shale, and water. This makes terra-cotta one of the best sustainable roofing materials. Although heavier than shingle, terra-cotta tiles' durability gives them century-long lifespans.
Terra-cotta's low moisture absorption rate also makes it an ideal material for roofing. These properties have made them a synonymous material in cities across Europe and Asia, as well as an increasingly popular material in North America.
Terra-cotta is also incredibly tough and weather-resilient, says Rob Wehr, vice president of business at Ludowici, in a previous article for gb&dPRO. "Through superior raw materials, profile engineering, and the manufacturing process, Ludowici tiles are made to withstand more stress than any other clay tile product on the market. The production process allows tiles to form into a dense, vitrified material with the highest strengths available—essential for peak performance."
Ludowici has been crafting architectural terra-cotta products since 1888 and recently updated the University of Chicago's iconic English Gothic roofs. "When it comes to weather performance, not all tile is the same. The clay composition of our tile creates an ultimate breaking strength able to resist high wind stresses experienced during extreme weather events. When properly installed, Ludowici terra-cotta tiles can sustain high winds, fires, moisture, salt intrusion, and more."
Switching to circular, cradle to cradle materials that don't produce waste is a change that makes it easier for projects to achieve a higher LEED certification. From the start of its lifespan terra-cotta produces no waste in its manufacturing process. It lasts a long time with minimal maintenance, and, because it's a natural material, at the end of its lifespan it can be fully recycled. This gives terra-cotta a much lower embodied energy than other materials like steel, glass, and concrete.
2. As an Architectural Expression
Terra-cotta's ability to be customized in shape, size, and color makes it an ideal material for architectural expression in a building's facade. This isn't a new idea in architecture. The Reliance Building in downtown Chicago, one of the world's first skyscrapers, is clad in bright white, ornamented terra-cotta, giving the building an appearance of effortless lightness.
With the emergence of the steel, glass, and concrete buildings of the International Style in the 20th century, terra-cotta lost its popularity as a material. Today the material is experiencing a resurgence of popularity with architects for its low environmental impact and customization potential. SOM's elegant 28&7 office building in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan uses custom reflective, black-glazed terra-cotta to create a tapered facade that finely tapers between floors and shimmers in the daylight.
"We were very enamored with terra-cotta as a material," SOM Design Partner Chris Cooper said in a previous gb&d interview. "It is having a real renaissance in its modern form of extruded terra-cotta versus the historic pressed terra-cotta we know from all around the city. We like that it's a natural material, but it's also a very versatile material."
Terra-cotta's historical legacy allows architects to use the material to reference the material heritage of the cities they work in. SHoP's 111 West 57th Street, one of the tallest residential buildings in the world, references classical New York City architecture with its curving white terra-cotta and bronze facade.
Conversely, the Tyler Arboretum Edible Gardens in Delaware County, Pennsylvania uses terra-cotta's natural clay-red hues to give the site a natural aesthetic reminiscent of a garden pot. DIGSAU architects clad the building entirely in the material, meaning that with time the tiles will become host to a variety of pollens and mosses, enhancing the building's organic qualities.
3. As a High-Performance Facade
Although conventionally associated with roofing, terra-cotta also has a long history of use in building facades. Compared to its all-glass glazed counterparts, terra-cotta's significantly higher thermal mass gives it better thermal performance by buffering against extremities in outdoor temperature. Architects also use terra-cotta as an alternative to glass to reduce the window-to-wall ratio of a building, allowing for greater energy efficiency and a more expressive facade.
Terra-cotta was also used at the turn of the 20th century as a natural rainscreen in high rises, but the system fell out of fashion with architects until the late 1990s, when rainscreen and sunscreen suppliers like Shildan Group introduced new systems to the market.
An open joint terra-cotta rainscreen both reduces the material use (and thus embodied carbon) of a project and allows for healthy walls with plenty of ventilation. Because the tiles aren't held together with sealant or mortar, the system can be easily installed and repaired when damage occurs to the building's exterior.
"I told them to leave the joint there. You don't need to caulk or seal it. Leave it open and use terra-cotta to make the facade beautiful and healthy," Shildan Group President Moshe Steinmetz previously told gb&d. "People looked at me like I was crazy and thought it would never work."
4. For Interior or Structural Applications
While terra-cotta has traditionally been too thick and heavy for interior applications, manufacturers are developing new resilient and lightweight forms of architectural terra-cotta (ATC) that can be used for flooring, bathrooms, and a variety of other indoor surfaces.
The Architectural Ceramic Assemblies Workshop (ACAW) explores new applications for the material in buildings. At ACAW 2021 a team composed of members from HOK, TriPyramid Structures, and the Gartner Division of Permasteelisa North America experimented with using terra-cotta as window mullions, post-tensioned with interior stainless steel tendons. Clay in general has a high compressive strength, so with the addition of another material such as the stainless steel tendons to provide tensile strength it can serve as an efficient structural system.
The role that ATC can play in this is considerable and is a driver in much if not all of the projects developed at ACAW. Importantly, ATC is now more than ornament and rain screen: It can be a part of the structure, a lighter weight and lower-carbon replacement of aluminum, steel, and concrete in many parts of a facade. And just as important in this era of buildings-as-sculpture, it brings color and glaze to the infinite variety of forms.


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We describe a new method of infrared microspectroscopy. It is intended for performing chemical mapping of various objects with subwavelength lateral resolution by using the infrared vibrational signature characterizing different molecular species. We use the photothermal expansion effect, detected by an atomic force microscope tip, probing the local transient deformation induced by an infrared pulsed laser tuned at a sample absorbing wavelength. We show that this new tool opens the way for measuring and identifying spectroscopic contrasts not accessible by far-field or near-field optical methods and with a subwavelength lateral resolution.
© 2005 Optical Society of America
A. Dazzi, R. Prazeres, F. Glotin, and J. M. Ortega, "Local infrared microspectroscopy with subwavelength spatial resolution with an atomic force microscope tip used as a photothermal sensor," Opt. Lett. 30, 2388-2390 (2005)


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dotnet,how-to,tools,api,json,rest,wrapper,net,dropbox
Create, delete and move folders with the Dropbox REST API
Introduction
In the previous part (part 2: API Requests) I mentioned that the third part would show you how to perform various folder operations such as creating, deleting and moving folders.
Well it has been a month, so let's get to it. Go to the download page and download the source code of part 2 (Article #63). Unzip and open the solution in Visual Studio. Make sure you modify the API key and secret located in the console application (Program.cs code file). Replace the values with your own application's key and secret.
Ready? Set? OK, let's start with creating folders…
Table Of Contents
Create Folder
The Dropbox REST API states that to create a folder you must supply at least two parameters, namely:
 1. root: The root relative to which the path is specified. Valid values are sandbox and dropbox.
 2. path: The path to the new folder to create relative to the root
After creating the folder Dropbox returns some metadata about it. As usual this data is JSON-formatted. Let's create a simple class decorated with attributes from the Json.NET library so that we can easily deserialize this data.
[JsonObject(MemberSerialization.OptIn)]
public class FileSystemInfo
{
 [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "rev")]
 public string Revision { get; internal set; }
 [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "bytes")]
 public long Bytes { get; internal set; }
 [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "modified")]
 public DateTime Modified { get; internal set; }
 [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "path")]
 public string Path { get; internal set; }
 [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "root")]
 public string Root { get; internal set; }
 //...
}
The FileSystemInfo type is very similar to the File type shown in part 2 of this series. I've abbreviated the code here for readability. Download the source and check it out if you want to see the whole class. This type will also be used as the return type of the Move(…) and Delete(…) methods that we'll implement later.
Let's expand the DropboxApi type so that we can create a folder in the following manner:
var folder = api.CreateFolder("dropbox", "/test");
First you need to specify the root. Valid values are sandbox or dropbox (production). Then you need to specify the folder relative to the root. Subdirectories are allowed.
var folder = api.CreateFolder("dropbox", "/test/subdir");
The implementation of the CreateFolder(…) method is similar to the API requests we handled in part 2.
public FileSystemInfo CreateFolder(string root, string path)
{
 var uri = new Uri(new Uri(DropboxRestApi.BaseUri),
 String.Format("fileops/create_folder?root={0}&path={1}",
 root, UpperCaseUrlEncode(path)));
 var json = GetResponse(uri);
 return ParseJson<FileSystemInfo>(json);
}
First we compose the URL to call, e.g.:
_URL_
Then we retrieve the response (JSON) by calling the GetResponse(…) method (see part 2), which signs the request using OAuth, and deserialize it into a Folder object using the Json.NET library.
You can examine the folder metadata afterwards:
var folder = api.CreateFolder("dropbox", "/test");
Console.WriteLine("Folder created.");
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Root: {0}", folder.Root));
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Path: {0}", folder.Path));
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Modified: {0}", folder.Modified));
Which outputs:
Create a Folder
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URL Encoding
Did you notice that I URL encoded the path parameter in the CreateFolder(…) method? This is necessary in order to send the request. However there is a small issue that we must address.
Let's say we use the HttpUtility.UrlEncode(…) method to URL encode the path.
var path = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(path);
This will transform the path /test info %2ftest. The slash (/) is translated to %2f. However if you use that value with the Dropbox API you'll get an error informing you that the signature is invalid.
Apparently the Dropbox API doesn't like lowercased escaped paths. Instead of %2f it expects %2F (notifice the upper-casing!). Luckily StackOverflow provided an answer for this problem:
_URL_
So that's why I've included the (private) UpperCaseUrlEncode(…) method to the DropboxApi type. This method encodes the path and makes sure the escaped parts are correctly cased.
private static string UpperCaseUrlEncode(string s)
{
 char[] temp = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(s).ToCharArray();
 for (int i = 0; i < temp.Length - 2; i++)
 {
 if (temp[i] == '%')
 {
 temp[i + 1] = char.ToUpper(temp[i + 1]);
 temp[i + 2] = char.ToUpper(temp[i + 2]);
 }
 }
 return new string(temp);
}
Move Folder
You've already done most of the work by now. We can reuse most of the code to move a folder (or file).
folder = api.Move("dropbox", "/test", "/temp");
Apart from the URL the implementation is the same as the CreateFolder(…) method.
public FileSystemInfo Move(string root, string fromPath, string toPath)
{
 var uri = new Uri(new Uri(DropboxRestApi.BaseUri),
 String.Format("fileops/move?root={0}&from_path={1}&to_path={2}",
 root, UpperCaseUrlEncode(fromPath), UpperCaseUrlEncode(toPath)));
 var json = GetResponse(uri);
 return ParseJson<FileSystemInfo>(json);
}
The Move(…) method 3 parameters, namely:
 1. root: The root. Valid values are sandbox or dropbox.
 2. fromPath: The file or folder to be copied from relative to the root.
 3. toPath: The destination path, including the new name for the file or folder, relative to root.
Delete Folder
Let's clean up after ourselves and delete the folder(s) we created. First we created a folder named "test", then moved it to "temp". So let's delete that one.
folder = api.Delete("dropbox", "/temp");
Again the implementation of the Delete(…) method is very similar to the CreateFolder(…) and Move(…) methods.
public FileSystemInfo Delete(string root, string path)
{
 var uri = new Uri(new Uri(DropboxRestApi.BaseUri),
 String.Format("fileops/delete?root={0}&path={1}",
 root, UpperCaseUrlEncode(path)));
 var json = GetResponse(uri);
 return ParseJson<FileSystemInfo>(json);
}
And that is all there is to it! Apart from an issue with the casing of the URL encoding creating, moving and deleting folders is pretty easy with the Dropbox REST API. Note that you can also use the Move(…) and Delete(…) methods with files, not just folders.
For the sake of completeness, here's the entire flow of the client application.
// Create a folder
var folder = api.CreateFolder("dropbox", "/test");
Console.WriteLine("Folder created.");
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Root: {0}", folder.Root));
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Path: {0}", folder.Path));
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Modified: {0}", folder.Modified))


Tramsorb® hydrogels can be of assistance throughout the growth cycle of grasses and sods, especially in germination, quicker growth, reduction of transportation stress, and root establishment. The collection and storage of rain and irrigation water can reduce labor and water costs, as well as provide relief for difficult growth areas and "hot spots." The application of Tramsorb® hydrogels is extremely beneficial for golf courses, sod farms, and gardens.
These are our suggestions to produce a successful planting.
1. Work the soils either manually or with a plough.
2. Spread from 0.1-0.2# Tramsorb® hydrogels per 10 F2 of soil surface area on the top of theground. The rate of application should be adjusted according to climate, soil conditions and plant water requirements. The polymer may be broadcasted by hand or with a fertilizer spreading device.
3. Incorporate the polymer into the soil beneath about 2″ of untreated soil and at a maximum depth of 4″. Incorporation can be done either manually or by a disc harrow or other device.
The soils must be leveled evenly.
4. Broadcast the seed or lay down the sod rolls. Roll the soil for compaction. Apply fertilizers if recommended.
5. Water the field liberally to allow for full water absorption by the Tramsorb® hydrogels.
6. Apply water to the planted area using a normal watering schedule for one week. Following the first week, irrigation may be reduced by 50% or more depending upon conditions.
Tramsorb hydrogels are now known as: Tramfloc® 1001, 1001A, 1001B, 1002 and 1004.


text:
Perhaps the most recommendable thing, before approaching an explanation on the adequate form in which the generatriz fraction of a decimal number must be found, classified as a pure periodic unlimited Decimal, is to revise some definitions, that will allow to understand this procedure within its precise mathematical context.
In this sense, it may also be prudent to delimit this theoretical revision to four specific notions: Fractions, Decimal Numbers, Generatrix Fraction and Unlimited Pure Periodic Decimal Numbers, because the expressions and numbers directly involved in the operation are respectively, by means of which we try to establish what is the fraction equivalent to the decimal number, classified -because of the characteristics of its incomplete unitsas an unlimited pure periodical decimal. Here are each of these concepts:
In this way, we can begin by saying that Mathematics considers the fraction as a mathematical expression, with which to refer to fractional quantities, which in turn constitute rational numbers. Likewise, this discipline indicates that the fraction should always be noted as the division between two integers, an expression that as a consequence will be conformed by two parts, explained in the following way:
- Numerator: this denomination will correspond to the number that constitutes the superior part of the fraction. Its mission will be to indicate how many parts of the whole the fraction represents.
- Denominator: secondly, the denominator will be found, which is then understood as the number that constitutes the lower part of the fraction. Its task is to indicate in how many parts the whole is divided, of which the fraction represents some of these, by means of the numerator.
On the other hand, it will also be useful to throw lights on the concept of the decimal number, which will be explained by Mathematics as the numerical element, by means of which non-exact or fractional quantities can be expressed, which can refer to both rational and irrational numbers. Likewise, the mathematical discipline indicates that decimal numbers are always made up of two different parts -one integer and the other decimalwhich have been explained in the following way:
- Integer part: first, within the decimal number, an integer part can be distinguished, denominated by Mathematics as Units. It is made up of an integer, which may be positive, negative or even zero. As it is constituted by numbers belonging to the Decimal Numbering System, the elements of the Units will have a positional value, being possible to count in them, from right to left, the units, tens, hundreds, units of a thousand, tens of a thousand, etc.
- Decimal part: in the second instance, within the decimal numbers, the mathematical discipline also refers to a decimal part, known as Incomplete Units. This part will always be made up of a number less than the unit, and that in the Numerical Line can be located between zero and one.
Its elements also have a positional value, distinguishing then, from left to right, between tenths, hundredths, thousandths, ten thousandths, etc. It is this part of the decimal number that is taken into account when classifying or identifying which type of decimal is the number, or whether it refers to a rational or irrational number.
Likewise, Mathematics points out that a rational number can be expressed in two different ways: either as the division or quotient of two numbers, conformed as a fraction; or on the contrary as a decimal number, which has limited or unlimited incomplete units but has periods that are repeated in them. Consequently, then, the generative fraction will be the fractional expression, constituted by two integers that divide, and from where a specific decimal number is born, referring to a rational number.
In this sense, it is important to say that the incomplete units of a decimal number representing a rational number must always be either limited, or unlimited periodic, since otherwise, the decimal number refers to a rational number, that is, a decimal number that has unlimited incomplete units, which extend to infinity, without repeating any series. Irrational numbers don't have a generatizing fraction, since due to their characteristics it is impossible to represent them as a fraction.
Unlimited decimal number pure newspaper
Finally, it will also be important to point out that Mathematics has defined pure periodic unlimited decimal numbers as a decimal number, which refers to a rational number, which is characterized by counting in its incomplete units a number or series of numbers that repeat to infinity, and which are located immediately after the comma separating integers from incomplete units.
Generatrix fraction of a pure periodic unlimited decimal number
Once each of these concepts has been reviewed, it is probably much easier to approach an explanation of how to find the generatrix fraction from which a pure periodic unlimited decimal number has come out, which as a rational number at the end can be represented both as a decimal and as a fraction, since between these two fractions there is equivalence, since it basically refers to the same rational number or fractional quantity.
Steps to find the generatrix fraction of a pure periodic unlimited decimal number
In this order of ideas, the mathematical discipline has also pointed out that there is a method to follow, once the characteristics of the decimal number have been inspected, it has been verified that in effect it is an unlimited pure periodic decimal, and it is desired to find the generatrix fraction from which it comes, and that it will be conformed by the following steps:
1.- The decimal number will be taken and its comma will be suppressed.
2.- Only the decimal part will be taken, that is to say, the incomplete Units, and they will be annotated in the numerator of the generatrix fraction.
3.- This amount placed in the numerator will be subtracted from the integer part that originally had the unlimited periodic incomplete decimal number.
4.- In the space of the denominator it will then be necessary to place as many nines as numbers have the period that is repeated in the decimal number.
Example of how to determine the generatrix fraction of a pure newspaper unlimited decimal
However, it may be that the best way to complete an explanation about the adequate way in which the generatrix fraction of a pure unlimited periodic decimal number must be found is through a concrete example, which allows to see in practice how each one of the steps indicated by Mathematics are fulfilled. Next, the following exercise:
Find the generating fraction of the following unlimited pure periodic decimal number: 0.645664566456
October 31, 2019
- ← Generatrix fraction of an unlimited decimal number periodical mixed
- Generatrix fraction of a limited decimal →


text:
Testing-Based Forward Model Selection
AbstractThis paper defines and studies a variable selection procedure called Testing-Based Forward Model Selection. The procedure inductively selects covariates which increase predictive accuracy into a working statistical regression model until a stopping criterion is met. The stopping criteria and selection criteria are defined using statistical hypothesis tests. The paper explicitly describes a testing procedure in the context of high-dimensional linear regression with heteroskedastic disturbances. Finally, a simulation study examines finite sample performance of the proposed procedure and shows that it behaves favorably in high-dimensional sparse settings in terms of prediction error and size of selected model.
CitationKozbur, Damian. 2017. "Testing-Based Forward Model Selection." American Economic Review, 107 (5): 266-69. DOI: 10.1257/aer.p20171039
- C52 Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection


text:
ises, turtles, and catfish. Nile crocodiles are not endangered.
The trade of the Nile crocodile has become an environmental concern especially in the Republic of Tanzania. Crocodile skins are being exported from Tanzania in large quantities due to the high demand for leather goods. The Nile crocodile skins are being exported for the luxury leather goods market including shoes, handbags and belts, especially to Japan, Italy and France.
However, this trade has caused the Nile crocodile to be classified as an endangered species. As a result, the United States along with 120 other countries throughout the world have joined in signing the Convention on International Trade and Endangered Species of World Fauna and Flora (CITES) treaty in 1973 to ban skins from endangered or potentially endangered species, such as the Nile crocodile, from being traded. In April 1994, the classification of the Nile crocodile was changed from endangered to threatened as a result of various acts and treaties protecting this species.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Keywords: Convective Planetary Boundary Layer, CPBL parameterisation, similarity theory, resistance laws
Parameterisation of convective PBL using surface data for the wind and stability classes
A simple two-layer model of convective planetary boundary layer (CPBL), consisting of a Surface Layer and an Ekman layer over it and developed in accordance with the similarity theory is used to obtain the vertical profiles of the temperature, wind velocity and the turbulent exchange coefficient in CPBL from the surface wind measurements and atmospheric stability data. As input to this model the internal to CPBL parameters are needed. The internal parameters can be obtained from the experimental data applying two approaches: first one (called 'top-down' approach) uses data for the geostrophic wind and the potential temperature. The second one (called here 'bottom-up' approach) uses data from the surface meteorological observations. The description of this approach is the subject of the present paper. The proposed approach determines the external to CPBL parameters from the meteorological data measured in the surface layer on the basis of the Similarity theory. The comparison of the CPBL model simulations with some experimental data from Sofia shows reasonable consistency with the proceeded experimental data.


text:
Tectonic Shoving Match Formed Caribbean Island Arc
The image shows how the Caribbean plate is pushed to the east relative to the South American plate, causing the Caribbean Islands' distinctive arc shape.
CREDIT: Courtesy of Meghan Miller and Thorsten Becker
The movement of Earth's viscous mantle against South America has pushed the Caribbean islands east over the last 50 million years, according to a study published Monday (Aug. 20) in the journal Nature Geoscience.
The University of Southern California, in announcing the study, said the findings upend previous hypotheses of the seismic activity beneath the Caribbean Sea and provide an important new look at the unique tectonic interactions that are causing the Caribbean plate to tear away from South America.
The Caribbean plate is being pushed eastward due to a thick section of the South American plate called a "cratonic keel." This section of crust is three times thicker than its surroundings.
Meanwhile, part of the South American plate is being pushed beneath the Caribbean plate, a process called subduction. Intense heat and pressure gradually force water-containing magma to rise into the Earth's mantle and fuel the many active volcanoes in the region.
All of this pushing and pulling formed the distinctive arc shape of the Caribbean islands and has created a very complex system of faults between the two plates, in northern South America, according to the USC statement. The study mapped several of these strike-slip faults, which are similar to California's San Andreas Fault.
Recent earthquakes in the area helped the two researchers develop an image of the Earth's deep interior. The earthquake waves move slower or quicker depending on the temperature and composition of the rock.
"Studying the deep earth interior provides insights into how the Earth has evolved into its present form," researcher Meghan S. Miller said in the statement.
For their study, the researchers used earthquake data to develop 176 computer models, USC said.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


text:
Turning her back on her privileged life in Victorian England, Gertrude Bell (_PHONE_), fired by her innate curiosity, journeyed the world and became fascinated with all things Arab. Traveling the length and breadth of the Arab region, armed with a love for its language and its people, she not only produced several enormously popular books based on her experiences but became instrumental to the British foreign office.
When World War I erupted, and the British needed the loyalty of the Arab leaders, it was Gertrude Bell's work and connections that helped provide the brain for T. E. Lawrence's military brawn. After the war she participated in both the Paris and Cairo conferences, played a major role in creating the modern Middle East, and was generally considered the most powerful woman in the British Empire.
In this incident-packed biography, Janet Wallach reveals a woman whose achievements and independent spirit were especially remarkable for her times, and who brought the same passion and intensity to her explorations as she did to her rich romantic life. Too long eclipsed by Lawrence's fame, Gertrude Bell emerges in this first major biography as a woman whose accomplishments rank as crucial to world history (especially in light of the continuing geopolitical importance of the Middle East) and whose life was a grand adventure.
©1996 Janet Wallach (P)2012 Random House Audio
Details of the Arab world in the early 20th century and the extraordinary personality of Gertrude Bell
One cannot compare apples and oranges. Each biography is therefore different because of the different personalties and situarions
The narrator did an excellent job, especially with all the arab names
That would have been impossible and there was so much information one had to pause to digest each bit
The author took too long to describe Bell's character and personalikty and I preferred the last third with all the facts and details
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text:
Metadata Management Series: Weaving Asserted and Discovered Metadata into Your Data Fabric
This series of articles will show how knowledge graphs support the construction of scalable models that mix discoverable with explicitly asserted metadata to afford reasoning and policy enforcement. In this first article, we show how explicitly asserted metadata in a knowledge graph enables automated reasoning.
Data architects create models of their data assets for various purposes, including documentation, optimization, search, classification, and policy enforcement. These models contain "information about data" or metadata. Metadata such as the names and types of tables and columns can be discovered and maintained automatically. And some of these metadata can be automatically linked to one another to represent important relationships like the containment of a column in a table or the lineage of data among assets, such as when a table is constructed using an ETL script.
Unfortunately, some important metadata and some links that connect metadata cannot be discovered automatically. While this is not a new problem, we are seeing it increase as organizations migrate to the Cloud and begin to adopt architectural practices that separate and encapsulate data assets. Data architects compensate by building up a store of asserted knowledge – statements of fact about the semantics of data assets and of connections between them.
Asserted knowledge is another kind of metadata – one that references and depends on the discovered metadata that is automatically discoverable and maintainable using tools. Asserted knowledge is typically informal, and if it is recorded at all, it is in the form of code comments, documents, or spreadsheets. Despite its informality, architects rely on asserted metadata to reason or enforce policy to the point that business outcomes depend on its veracity.
We believe that to properly manage and enforce policy over data assets at scale, asserted metadata should be woven with discovered metadata into a knowledge graph that affords powerful reasoning.
Consider a hypothetical enterprise with two micro services:
- FundManager, which owns the XYZ_Txns table among others, and
- SecurityManager, which manages a system-of-record database of securities.
Suppose FundManager uses a lookup service provided by SecurityManager to look up securities based on some request parameters as depicted here:
Now imagine, that SECURITIES was created as follows:
CREATE TABLE SECURITIES( ID uniqueidentifier PRIMARY KEY, Ticker varchar(8) CUSPID varchar(16)... )
Suppose FundManager calls lookup to retrieve an authoritative ID to use as the value for a column named SecId when it creates new rows in the XYZ_Txns table. When the architect learns this fact, she realizes that if the tables were in the same database, she could relate SecId and ID by a FOREIGN KEY constraint, but because they live in different micro services, it is not possible to declare and enforce such a constraint.
That information was likely not discoverable automatically. Maybe SECURITIES once lived in FundManager where a FOREIGN KEY constraint enforced the connection between ID and SecId, but when a decision was made to split FundManager into two microservices, this information and the guarantee of data integrity were lost.
In any case, this semantic connection is significant and could be used to reason about compliance with certain governance policies. For instance, consider the requirement that the security attributes of every transaction in FundManager are auditable. Those attributes are not part of the XYZ_Txns table, but they are part of SECURITIES. If each attribute is declared NOT NULL in SECURITIES, if SecId is declared NOT NULL in XYZ_Txns (as it is), and if this asserted link from ID to SecId is akin to a FOREIGN KEY constraint, then the data architect should feel confident that the attributes are guaranteed to exist for each SecId and so the requirement is satisfied.
This example provides just one illustration of the kind of reasoning a data architect must do over the metadata she manages. Notice that a key step in this reasoning uses asserted knowledge that refers to metadata (the columns ID and SecId) that are discovered automatically. Without that step, the chain of reasoning breaks, which leaves her potentially in violation of this particular requirement. It is therefore critical that she records this assertion so that this reasoning can be automated. It is also important to protect this assertion from drifting with respect to the discovered metadata (columns ID and SecId) that it references.
The next articles in this series will discuss how to weave this kind of asserted metadata into our model and how to prevent drift. We will examine how the facilities of knowledge graph management systems help with practical issues that arise when managing models containing both types of metadata.
Semantic Optimization makes your complex data workloads more efficient, which in turn improves overall system performance and scalability.
Losing the Middle Tier
Business applications are traditionally complicated to understand and maintain because business logic tends to be scattered in separate tiers of growing code bases, while schema becomes rigid and brittle. The end result is that business logic dissolves in a soup of disparate application code.


text:
Estonian Aviation Museum (EAM) was founded by a private initiative for public use and it has to meet the founder-assigned tasks and objectives, it has to fulfil a special mission:
- Estonian Aviation Museum must become an innovative technical centre of interest to balance the prevailing tendency in our society toward humanitarian education. It must encourage young people to acquire an engineering education.
- Estonian Aviation Museum must provide technical support for the students of the Estonian Aviation Academy for the training of aviation specialists
- Estonian Aviation Museum must become an attractive free-time centre of interest for young people and an internationallyknown knowledge-based tourist attraction. It must advocate aviation and flying.
- Estonian Aviation Museum must perpetuate the history of Estonian aviation and identify Tartu as the birthplace of flying in Estonia. (the 1st demo flight in Estonia took place in 1912 in Tartu). Estonian Aviation Museum fills the vacuum beside the Estonian Maritime Museum and the Estonian Road Museum.
See the 1st page of TLM website: Vision, Development Programme of Aviation Museum, and a development project "3rd Stage of Development of Aviation Museum"


I noticed that in most theoretic literature (Braess, Ciarlet,...) for Finite Elements, the method is only described in a detailed way for simplex triangulations, while other forms of hexahedral methods are often omitted or only briefly mentioned.
Is there any theoretical differerence between FEM theory of simplices and hexahedrals? Do theoretical results (convergence, error-estimates) not carry over to hexahedrals, or is it just that the generality is so obvious that it is left to the reader.
In my opinion the basics stay the same but there are some differences worth commenting upon.
The basic principles of defining a local coordinate system, integrating local dense contribution matrices using quadrature rules, and assembling them into global sparse matrices are identical. Often, hexahedral basis functions arise from taking tensor products of some underlying one-dimensional basis, and are integrated using tensor products of one-dimensional quadrature rules, which exposes some opportunities for optimizing code.
One notable difference is polynomial completeness. High order tetrahedral basis tend to arise from some sort of pascal's triangle / pascal's tetrahedron arrangement. For instance, a 2D gradient-conforming basis needs to span {$1$, $x$, $y$, $x^2$, $xy$, $y^2$} to be complete to second order, and these 6 functions can be arranged very tidily on a 6-node triangle (3 vertices, 3 edge midpoints). In contrast, the most natural way to write a second order basis for a 2D quadrilateral is via a tensor product of two 1D lines, leading to a span of {$1$, $x$, $y$, $x^2$, $xy$, $y^2$, $x^2y$, $xy^2$, $x^2y^2$}. This contains more functions / requires more work, but is not any more accurate in the asymptotic sense. This over-completeness becomes more exaggerated as you raise the order or migrate from 2D to 3D.
Despite this overcomplete-ness at the element level, hexahedral elements are generally more efficient in total cost, simply because they are "larger" and fill space more efficiently. Model accuracy is typically a function of mesh size $h$. A hexahedron with sides of length $h$ takes up $h^3$ volume, while a tetrahedron with sides of length $h$ only takes up a volume of $h^3/6$. So given some computational domain with volume $V$ and an desired accuracy/mesh size $h$, I expect to need 6x as many tetrahedra than hexahedra. Even though this difference is just a constant factor, we're talking about the size of the input here, so it will be further magnified by any downstream algorithmic complexities (for instance, if you're using solver/preconditioning techniques that scale superlinearly).
I do want to comment briefly on accuracy. A surprising aspect of some basis functions is that element shape / distortion can effect their order of accuracy, because of how they depend on the pullback/jacobian. As a concrete example, consider 2D Nedelec (curl-conforming) functions. The curl of these functions (ie what's going into the "stiffness" matrix, to borrow a term) is proportional to the jacobian. For a triangle, the jacobian is constant, so you get curl complete to a constant (this is what you want, a lowest order "$\star$-conforming" element should have "$\star$" complete to a constant). In contrast, the jacobian for a quadrilateral is only constant if the shape mapping is affine (ie the quadrilateral is a parallelogram), which means this element is non-convergent on general meshes (ie you can refine $h$ but the error will not improve). Raviart-Thomas elements are similarly affected, as they have a similar dependence on jacobian. Note that a similar thing happens (non-constant jacobian / non-convergence) if you use curvilinear shape mappings (for either triangles or quadrilaterials), I only call out this case specifically because it's surprising that a linear/straight-line quadrilateral can exhibit this problem too (when it's not a parallelogram).
All this said, I find the biggest obstacle to using hexahedra for FEM are not formulation or convergence issues, but mesh generation and computational geometry issues. There are robust general-purpose algorithms for automatic tetrahedral mesh generation (delaunay refinement in particular), but hexahedral meshing is more brittle and often requires user interaction to decompose complicated geometry into simple parts that are eligible for structured strategies or pave/sweep strategies. Note that you can fuse tetrahedral grids with hexahedral grids using pyramidal elements, but the basis functions on pyramids can be pretty technical (pyramids are often implemented in terms of degenerate/distorted hexadra, and the distortion function ends up contributing non-polynomial terms to the jacobian/basis functions, which can make it difficult to obtain the correct order of accuracy).
In light of these geometrical complexities, I find it reasonable for papers to focus more on simplicial elements, there's just a larger market for them.
 - $\begingroup$ Wow, thank you very much for the elaborate answer! $\endgroup$ – MPIchael Apr 22 at 14:54
 - $\begingroup$ The Finite Element Method is blessed with regards to meshes, since it performs well with tetrahedral meshes, combined with the fact tet meshing is quite easy and there are plenty of tet meshers out there. If you are doing CFD, i.e. fluid mechanics, hex meshes behave better than tets, although this is field/application dependent. If you are searching for hex meshers, preferably open source, your search is a short one. $\endgroup$ – Dohn Joe Apr 22 at 15:06
Most FM methods require that we can identify pairs of adjacent elements. This is easy with elements derived from a quadrilateral/hexahedral grid that can be mapped onto an array structure. To deal with the complex domains typical of aircraft, for example, the "multiblock" structure can be adopted where the domain is first mapped onto "blocks" which are very coarse quad/hex grids with an arbitrary connectivity between them. Generating these coarse grids is hard to automate if there must be many blocks, and is commonly done by hand, which is time-consuming. Because of this the multiblock strategy is now little-used in practice, and a single "unstructured" quad/hex grid is used for the entire domain. Individual elements should still be as "regular" as possible in aspect ratio and skewness.
 - $\begingroup$ I fail to see how this answer the OP question. $\endgroup$ – nicoguaro Apr 25 at 20:03
Your Answer


text:
The transition to a wavy vortex state from the Taylor vortex state has been studied under a quasistatic ramping condition. Six different values of the radius ratio, ranging between 0.7204 to 0.7399, were used. For 0.7248, the flow always evolves into an m=2 state, while for 0.7260, the flow evolves into an m=3 state. (From an earlier study, it is known that the latter transition typei.e., to an m=3 stateextends to values of at least as great as 0.7767.) Therefore, the neutral stability curves for the m=2 and m=3 states must intersect somewhere within the narrow range 0.7248 <<0.7260. The flow states near the intersection should exhibit behavior characteristics of a multiple bifurcation of codimension 2. No unusual transition behavior has yet been observed. Our results compare favorably with recent stability calculations by C. A. Jones.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics


text:
The Ministry of Health in Antigua and Barbuda has set an ambitious goal to eradicate cervical cancer from the country by 2030. The Minister, Sir Molwyn Joseph, recently presented a comprehensive three-pronged approach to achieve this mission.
Currently, cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, after colon and breast cancer. In a prominent gathering held in Washington D.C., Sir Molwyn Joseph presented a paper titled "
Acceleration Actions for the Elimination of Cervical Cancer – the Antigua and Barbuda Experience", which sheds light on the current cervical cancer landscape within the nation and outlines a strategic plan to eliminate the disease by the end of this decade.
"We are aware that cervical cancer is preventable and curable through: • HPV vaccination • Cervical Screening • Early identification and treatment of precancerous diseases and early-stage cervical cancer," he stated.
Sir Molwyn said cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Antigua and Barbuda and the government has decided to implement the World Health Organisation's global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem.
"Antigua and Barbuda established the National Cervical Cancer Taskforce to oversee the implementation of the WHO strategy for eliminating cervical cancer through the achievement of the following 3 targets by 2030: 1. 90% of girls fully vaccinated with HPV vaccine by age 15 years 2. 70% of women are screened with a high-performance test, by 35 years of age and again by 45 years of age, and, 3. 90% of women identified with cervical disease receive treatment," he announced.
Despite the ambitious action plan presented by the minister, there were notable challenges on the path to eliminating cervical cancer.
These challenges include a lack of sufficient knowledge and awareness regarding vaccination and a concerning increase in vaccine hesitancy observed in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
To address these hurdles, two key strategies have been outlined. First, there will be an expansion of the HPV screening program, with a particular focus on high-risk groups, such as women living with HIV. Second, there will be the development of outreach programs aimed at bolstering HPV vaccine uptake. These initiatives will involve community engagement and health literacy improvement activities.
Sir Molwyn emphasized that Antigua and Barbuda have been pioneers in the battle against cervical cancer and remain steadfast in their commitment to achieving the 2030 goal of elimination.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) Cervical cancer is preventable and curable, as long as it is detected early and managed effectively.
Yet it is the 4th most common form of cancer among women worldwide, with the disease claiming the lives of more than 300,000 women in 2018.


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Studying Industrial Organizational Psychology? Check out these 3 organizations.
Learn more about the following 3 leading industrial-organizational psychology organizations:
1. The Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP)
Mission Statement: The Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology is a division within the American Psychological Association (APA) that is also an organizational affiliate of the Association for Psychological Sciences (APS). The Society's mission is to enhance human well-being and performance in organizational and work settings by promoting the science, practice, and teaching of industrial-organizational psychology. Towards this end, SIOP:
- Supports SIOP members in their efforts to study, apply, and teach the principles, findings, and methods of industrial-organizational psychology.
- Provides forums for industrial-organizational psychologists to exchange research, insights, and information related to the science, practice, and teaching of industrial-organizational psychology.
- Identifies opportunities for expanding and developing the science and practice of industrial-organizational psychology.
- Monitors and addresses challenges to the understanding and practice of industrial-organizational psychology in organizational and work settings.
- Promotes the education of current and future industrial-organizational psychologists.
- Promotes public awareness of the field of industrial-organizational psychology.
Division 14 of the American Psychological Association (APA) usually hosts an annual spring conference.
2. Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM)
Mission Statement: The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) is a global human resources professional organization that exists to:
- Build and sustain partnerships with human resource professionals, media, governments, non-governmental organizations, businesses and academic institutions to address people management challenges that influence the effectiveness and sustainability of their organizations and communities.
- Provide a community for human resource professionals, media, governments, non-governmental organizations, businesses and academic institutions to share expertise and create innovative solutions on people management issues.
- Proactively provide thought leadership, education and research to human resource professionals, media, governments, non-governmental organizations, businesses and academic institutions.
- Serve as an advocate to ensure that policy makers, law makers and regulators are aware of key people concerns facing organizations and the human resource profession.
SHRM usually hosts an annual conference during the summer months. For information about our SHRM Student Chapter, visit our site on Connections or contact Faculty Advisor Dr. Catherine Gillies at _EMAIL_.
3. The Society of Consulting Psychology (SCP)
SCP Goals and Objectives: Society of Consulting Psychology members are contributing to the definition of consulting psychology and the methods used by consultants. Former CE Chair DeWayne Kurpius explained that consultation helps individuals and organizations "become more efficient and effective." Consultants develop a climate for interdependent problem-solving, or they share their expertise in solving a specific problem. Later, Edgar Schein elaborated the process and systemic approach: "As the relationship between the consultant and organization evolves, the concept of who is the client comes gradually to be broadened so that the consultant may be working with individuals, groups, and organizational units at different times."
- Stimulating the exchange of knowledge, ideas, and consulting experience among psychologists.
- Encouraging high standards of consultation.
- Promoting psychological research and professional development in the area of consulting.
- Fostering cooperative relations with allied associations and with all APA divisions.
- Supporting the advancement of consulting psychology as a science and profession.
- Advancing multiculturalism, internationalism and diversity (e.g., ethnicity, race, disability status, age, sexual orientation, students, career stage, gender and international affiliates) in all matters within the Society, particularly as they relate to practice, training, and research in consulting psychology.
Division 13 of the APA has a variety of events and summit meetings, and usually hosts a mid-winter conference.


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The vulnerability of Pyrenean ski resorts to climate change
The vulnerability of the Pyrenean ski resorts to projected changes in the snowpack under various future climate scenarios has been analyzed. A shorter ski-season length is projected especially in low-altitude ski resorts in a moderate climate change scenario (2°C increase at the end of the 21st century) and for all ski resorts in a more intensive climate change scenario (4°C increase).
Average minimum snow depth to operate a ski resort is assumed to be 30 cm. Ski resorts reaching the 30-cm threshold during at least 100 days per winter season (natural and artificial snow combined) are considered as being reliable. At present, 83% of the ski resorts are considered naturally reliable in an average winter season, and 98% when snowmaking capacity is taken into account. Assuming a future increase of 2°C in winter mean temperature, this share would be reduced to 44 % (85% including snowmaking). Under 4°C winter temperature increase the total share of reliable ski resorts in the Pyrenees would be dramatically reduced to only 7% (and no improvement with snowmaking).
Snowpack is most affected by climate change in the eastern part of the Spanish Pyrenees; south-oriented slopes are most vulnerable. Pyrenean ski resorts closer to the Atlantic Ocean, located at higher elevations, and/or with northerly orientation are most resilient. Spatial distribution of snow in mountain areas is characterized by high variability within very short distances due to complex interaction between meso-scale meteorology, local topography, and weather factors.
Snowmaking cannot completely solve the problem for all ski resorts in the Pyrenees, as the measure can only act as a robust adaptation strategy in the region provided climate change is limited to +2 °C snowmaking.
Source: Pons et al., 2015. Climatic Change 131: 591–605.
Photo: Aitor Salaberria (_URL_)


. Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).
UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth's surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone's central meridian, and measured in meters.
Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location's height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .
Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia
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Drone flying toward Moscow downed in Elektrostal
MOSCOW, November 19. A drone flying to Moscow has been downed by air defense systems in Elektrostal in the Moscow Region, no one was hurt, Moscow's Mayor Sergey Sobyanin said on Sunday.
"In the Elektrostal municipal district, air defense forces repelled an attack by a drone, which was flying toward Moscow. According to preliminary data, its fragments fell down incurring no damage. No one was hurt," he wrote on his Telegram channel .
According to the Moscow mayor, emergencies services are working on the site.
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Known as the "Motor City of Russia." Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname "Motor City" due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.. Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant. Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.
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Longitude: 38°26′48″ E Elevation above sea level: 157 m = 515 ft . City coordinates. Coordinates of Elektrostal in decimal degrees. Latitude: 55._PHONE_° Longitude: 38._PHONE_° Coordinates of Elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes. Latitude: 55°47.3754′ N
MOSCOW, November 19. A drone flying to Moscow has been downed by air defense systems in Elektrostal in the Moscow Region, no one was hurt, Moscow's Mayor Sergey Sobyanin said on Sunday.
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Industry: General Freight Trucking , Urban Transit Systems


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What is it?
The Energy Chambers are heated rooms laid with medical stones from Inner Mongolia with extraordinary healing properties to our physical and mental body. The stones's natural physical formation releases both infrared rays and negative ions into its surroundings to stimulate our body to perspire and detoxify naturally.
Far Infrared Rays
Far infrared rays are released in these Energy Chambers. These stones make and release the same rays that come from the sun without the UV radiation. The radiation that is infrared has long waves making it possible for the rays to go a little bit deeper into your skin without heating you and the external environment up too much. It is recommended that one do not shower after the session until two hours later because the sweat is a natural coating for the skin and hair resulting in smoother skin and silkier hair.
The Stone Chamber experience is chemical free and is a good 'green' alternative to detoxifying the body. It relieves stress and leaves the entire body warm, supply and light for up to several hours after the treatment.
Negative ions are ions commonly found in ancient forests, coastal areas, waterfalls and places with high levels of clean air. Medical stone emits a much higher level of negative ions, far exceeding the 200 parts/cc in major urban commercial districts.
Hence a session in the Stone Chamber will equate to having spent time out in the nature and exposing ourselves to a high density of negative ions which will bring about the following benefits.
It counter negative ions and increase the flow of oxygen to the brain resulting in higher alertness, improved concentration and memory and more mental energy. It is a Natural anti-depressant. It strengthens the immune system – promotes production of globulin in the blood and increasing immunity against illnesses.
Benefits of Stone Energy Chamber Sessions
There natural properties of the stone have many healing elements that will enhance our physical well being.
- It helps lower Blood Pressure
- It increases our Blood Circulation
- Our Metabolic rate increases as our heart rate beats faster resulting in the body burning more calories
- It strengthens the Immune and Cardiovascular system
- Sessions gives a Deep Detoxification to our body causing a release of organic matter and metals through our sweat glands and bowel system
- It provides Deep Pain Relief as infrared rays penetrates deep into our joints and bones
- It improves skin elasticity, texture and wrinkle appearance.
The Stone Energy Chambers when done in conjunction with medical consultation and treatment at the centre will enhance the results and speed up the recovery of the patient.
About Stone Energy Chamber Yoga Classes
Yoga Classes conducted in Stone Energy Chambers are unique to Chain's Medicare Centre. It is offered as a means to provide holistic health benefits to its centre's clients hence all classes are designed to give therapeutic effects to the body. In our yoga classes, you will enjoy the dual benefits of the yoga postures and the far-infra-ray emission of the stones within the chamber.
These classes are conducted several times a week.
- Yoga for Runners
- Relax with Yin Yoga
- Pain relief with Back, Neck & Shoulder Care Yoga
- Core Toning for abdominal strengthening and toning
Stone Energy Chamber Yoga Fees
Per drop-in class - HK$280/class
For 10 advance classes purchase - HK$250/class
Check out our latest class schedule:
Class Schedule of 2017
To book your class, please contact us via email or telephone.
Please check our schedule for these Wellness Workshops.
- Herbal Health Tea & Beauty Elixirs Made Easy - We unveil the secrets and recipes to century old traditions.
- Meditation for Kids - Increase their concentration time span and increase their memory power.
- Music Therapy- The healing art of sound wave therapy to let go and enter a state of deep relaxation
- Qi Gong for Better Health, Vitality & Tranquility – Experience the ancient art and science of healing: from breathing techniques, gentle movements, meditation to cleanse and the circulation of life energy (qi) within us.
How Does The Stone Energy Chamber Work?The Stone Energy Chamber is a relaxation and health method where guests lie on heated, body size slabs made of medical stones that are embedded in the chamber's floor and walls while dressed in loose comfortable clothing provided. There is a locker room where you may change and deposit your clothes and belongings safely. Each customer is given a locker, and the key is given to the customer.
What Are The Benefits?Anti-Ageing
As metabolism is stimulated by the warmth and the growth rays emitted by the stones, perspiration flushes out toxins from the body. This helps reverse the degenerative effects of oxidation that ages the body, a result of prolonged exposure to plus (+) ions.
Diet-Free Weight Loss
Instead of acting on limiting the intake of energy, which most fad diets do to limited success the stone energy chamber actually improves the ability to burn energy, resulting in a more lasting and sustainable weight loss system. Working on improving the basal metabolism of your body, its ability to metabolize without exercise, instead of limiting food intake, the treatment allows for a natural weight loss that does not involve deprivation of essential nutrients.
Body odor is caused by organic matter found in perspiration in the sweat glands. In fact, there are two types of these glands: the primitive apocrine glands and the newer evolutionary eccrine, developed when man needed to adjust body temperatures in a changing environment. The former are concentrated in the armpit, and contain organic matter, the source of body odor. Daily perspiration training through stone chamber sessions will stimulate idle sweat glands, ideally of the eccrine kind that are equipped with an absorption function that reduces the accumulation of organic matter in sweat, therefore effectively reducing body odor.
Stone Energy Chamber sessions are documented to have alleviated symptoms of and curing the following wide range of ailments: high blood pressure, diabetes, contact dermatitis and other skin diseases; the therapy is also used to treat drug dependency, stroke patients, migraine, insomnia and improve the odds against infertility in women. It has even shown improvement in certain cancers and kidney problems. It is even safe for pregnant women in their early stages.
The sessions are both simple and soothing.
What Is The Stone Energy Champer Procedure?
You change into comfortable clothing provided by the centre. Take in fluids like water (which is provided for your entire treatment) in anticipation of water loss through perspiration. Spread a bath towel over the heated rock in your designated area.
Warming your internal organs first, lie face down for five minutes on the rocks. Then switch to the supine position (on your back) for another ten. Remember to take in fluids in between position changes.
Rest for ten minutes at the lounge area in between sessions. Take in lots of fluids.
Repeat the five minute face down / ten minute supine process three times, with a ten minute break in between. This length of time is optimal for the ideal results of the sessions.
We do not recommend showering until at least 2 hours after the session. We suggest you wipe your body dry and allow the released fluids to act as a natural, odorless hydrating agent for your skin. You will notice improvement in your skin texture, elascity and glow.
To ensure a thoroughly enjoyable experience, the centre provides a sanitary and secure environment. Thus, the staff patrols the room periodically and clean as they go along. Towels, clothing and the other items that have come in direct contact with customers go through complete antibacterial processing. The rooms themselves are sterilized and cleaned twice a day, in addition to disinfecting. The centre also enforces periodic bacteria inspection in the chambers and enforce complete sanitation controls.
Do You Have Any Health Measure Or Sanitary Controls?
The centre has two stone energy chambers; one for males and mixed gender and the other for females only. We can also accommodate group reservations for mixed genders. There are also separate locker rooms and changing rooms for males and females.
Is The Stone Energy For Mixed Genders?
The stone is heated up to between 40-58 degree celcius. These are heated electronically from underneath the floor. It is only when the stone slabs are heated that they emit negative ions and far infrared rays.
How Warm Is The Stone Slab?
Negative ions are molecules in the air that we inhale without our knowledge and are naturally found in abundance at the beach, in the mountains, near waterfalls, and many other places that people like to go because of its soothing, feel-good effect these surroundings have upon us. Once in our bloodstream, negative ions are believed to produce biochemical reactions; they break down toxins, increase levels of serotonin, relieve stress, and boost our daytime energy.
What Are Negative Ions?
Far infrared rays are waves of energy that are also emitted from the sun but are invisible to the naked eye. They penetrate the human body and are absorbed by cells causing a number of reactions such as dilation of blood vessels which improve blood circulation, speed up the metabolism and help eliminate wastes.
What Are Far Infrared Rays?
What Is Serotonin?Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that affects multiple functions of the central nervous system (CNS) which include mood, sexuality, sleep, vomiting and appetite. Serotonin can also promote cell regeneration.
「本草綱目」和「中華本草」記載 ，麥飯石性溫﹑味甘﹑無毒。 功能解毒散結，去腐生肌，除寒阹濕，益肝健胃，活血化瘀，利尿化石，延年益壽。
- 花茶及美容養生法 – 提供傳統秘方
- 兒童默想法 – 增加集中力及記憶力
- 音樂治療 – 透過聲波治療開


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Proposed is a novel approach based on independent component analysis (ICA) for speckle reduction and target extraction of SAR (synthetic aperture radar) images using adaptive space separation with weighted information entropy incorporated. First the basis and the independent components are respectively obtained by ICA technique, and Weighted Information Entropy of the image is computed, then based on the threshold computed from function T-WIE (Threshold VS.
Weighted-Information-Entropy), independent components are adaptively separated and the basis are classified accordingly. Thus, the image space is separated into two subspaces -'clean' and 'noise'. Then, a proposed nonlinear operator 'ABO' is applied on each component of the 'clean' subspace for further optimization. Finally, recovery image is obtained reconstructing this subspace and target is easily extracted with binarisation. Note that here T-WIE is an interpolated function based on several representative target SAR images using proposed space separation algorithm.


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Past and future editions of 'Local Authority Measures for National Indicators supported by the Tellus4 Survey'
Page 1 of 1 | 1 results
Release date: 04 February 2010 at
Theme: Children, Education and Skills | Department: Education | Coverage: England
Geographic breakdown: Local Authority and County
| Designation: Official Statistics not designated as National Statistics
Summary: Five National Indicators (NIs) are derived from data produced by the Tellus4 Survey. Statistics produced from the data are used to measure the following performance indicators: NI 50: Emotional health and well-being - children and young people user perception, NI 69: Percentage of children who have experienced bullying, NI 110: More participation in positive activities, NI 115: Reduce the proportion of young people frequently using illicit drugs, alcohol or volatile substances, NI 199: Satisfaction with parks and play areas.