Automatic Publication at Scheduled Times (Cron job)
The jDownloads automatic monitoring can be started at a time schedule with a 'Cron job'.
Suppose you need to publish a large number of download files. These could have been setup on a test site and now you want to upload and publish them. Or maybe you allow certain other users to upload but you do not want to allow them to actually publish. Transfering a large number of files (downloads) in a directory structure (category structure) from your PC to your website is readily achieved using your favourite ftp program such as FileZilla. These downloads, and possibly new categories, will need creating into Downloads and publishing.
Before doing anything else if you want to enable monitoring and to allow automatic publication you need to look at the settings in the Monitoring section of the jD Configuration. These include Download directory monitoring?Monitor all file types?Monitor only the following file types and Automatically publish Downloads? So set those up first to suit your current needs. For example if you as the administrator are initially copying over large number of files you probably would set "Automatically publish Downloads?" to Yes. But later if you open it up to some general users then you may wish to review each Download before publishing it by setting "Automatically publish Downloads?". to No. That is set it whichever way suits your current needs.
However you are strongly recommended to set Download directory monitoring? to No. If you leave it at Yes then there may be a fight between the jD automatic monitoring and the cron initiated monitoring. It is not a good idea to have two 'scan' processes runing at the same time, they could both be actioning the same file with unknown consequences. So set it to No to avoid that possibility.
jDownloads provides facilities to automate the publication process. One of them is to activate the Automatic Monitoring in the Monitoring section of the Configuration. This actually runs every time you access the jDownloads control panel in the backend. If you have a large number of files the delay whilst monitoring is carried out can be frustrating, so this facility is often disabled. Another method is to click on the manual scan on the right hand side of the jDownloads control panel. Both of these methods require that you are actually present and accessing the jDownloads control panel.
This is not always convenient. A solution is to have the scanning scheduled to run periodically or at some fixed time from your web site services. Such a facility is often referred to as a 'Cron job'. This could be from your web site if you have a Cpanel web site. Or it could be from a web based cron service. A third alternative is to use a 'psuedo' cron service provided by the Joomla! extension XTCronjob, which is also known by its former name JPrc Cronjobs.
Whichever way you choose you will need the relevant url link. This may be found by copying the link from the 'Check Download area now' on the jD Control Panel. The link will be something like the following
"http://<your-site>/administrator/components/com_jdownloads/helpers/scan.php?key=this-is-a-key" where the key part is unique to your specific site. This secret key is the one created by Joomla! for your site. It may be found in the Joomla! System - System Information - Configuration tab. Scroll down until you find the Secret key. It is usually a 32 character sequence such as for example say stoAs118BoemlusWO1mlaxoesPl9wrlU - the one shown is artificial and not real. jDownloads compares the key you supply with the one in your Joomla! configuration file so that no one else can initiate a Cron on your site.
Cron01A
General
Any Cron job consists of two parts: the scheduling time string, and the command which eventually get combined..
The time string is made up of 5 items specifying: minutes hours days months weekdays. The syntax is five space separated 'values'; but the values not always obvious! Some examples are given below but if you want to determine other time strings then you could look at _URL_ . All times are usually UTC based so you may need to take that into account.
Time string */30 4 * * * would cause execution every day at 4:00 and 4:30.
Time string 3 4 * * * is once a day at 4:03 am
Time string */20 * * * * is every 20 minutes
The general structure of the command part for use with jDownloads is the unix command: "curl -s /dev/null http://websitename/script-name"
Specifically something like: curl -s /dev/null http://<your_site>/jda1/administrator/components/com_jdownloads/helpers/scan.php?key=qwertySS1zW0kIdQ1VZ7xxxyyy which also includes the Secret key specific to your site as described above. The key shown is not a real one!
Using cPanel Cron job
Most cPanel implementations have an Advanced section with a Cron job icon. These notes apply to cPanel version 54.0 (build 22) but all recent versions are similar.
After clicking on th Cron Job icon a screen such as opposite appears. The cPanel has the ability to send an email every time the cron job runs. You just put in your email address into the appropriate field. If you leave it blank then no emails are sent. If you have multiple cron jobs there is a way of seclectively setting which cron jobs will not send an email.
The email sent is a full html page that is the same text mixed with html tags as would have been generated if you had run the scan process manually from the jD control panel.
As is obvious from the picture opposite setting up the schedule times for the cron to run is reasonably simple. The easiest to use is the common settings which can be readily adjusted in the individual time parts. In the example shown opposite the schedule is twice a day at 00 and 12:00 on every day. One could edit the hour part to say 1 and 5 to give an unequal spacing.

The Command part is simply
http://<your_site>/jda1/administrator/components/com_jdownloads/helpers/scan.php?key=your-key
where your-key is the Joomla! Secret key specific to your site (see System - Site Information - Configuration tab Secret field), and the <your_site> is replaced by _URL_ as appropriate.
After clicking on the 'Add New Cron Job' button a line appears something like below
Cron04D2
The resultant schedule and command are quite obvious. Importantly one is able to edit the 'cron line' to change say the schedule. For initial testing setting I set the cron job to run every five minutes with just a few files. It was then edited to run just twice a day..
If the cron job does not run then you should initially check with yout host site provider as they may have imposed some restricions such as a minimum time interval.
Cron04C2

Joomla! Extension XTCronjob (previously known as JPrc Cronjobs)
This uses a regular Joomla extension that simulates a Cron job. One sets up the time and command as below but the time schedule is only examined when a user accesses the front end of the site That is one sets a 'target' time for executing the scan but it does not actually start at that time. The next time anyone, which maybe a web crawler or a real user, vists your site XTCronjob looks to see if the scan has become due and either initiates the scan or goes back to sleep. After running the scan it resets itself for the next target time after the current time, it does not run multiple scans to catch up but re- computes the next scheduled time.
The following modified instructions are based on those from jDownloads User: rblackman. Many thanks that he shared this with us.
One thing to note is that this extension requires the php exec() function so you may need to check with your hosting service that is enabled on your site.
Install the component as usual . Check that the plugin 'System - Extly XTCronjob' is enabled as that is vital (it is usually enabled but ...). XTCronjob works well but it is not what one would call 'polished'
Click on the XTCron job Comonent and select the Categories section.
Create a new category with a suitable name.
Cron02A
 After creating the category, select Task and click on New.
This will show a form like the one opposite.
Add a title and select the category.
Now select the task type as Web Address fopen
The Command is simpler here, it is just the web address of the routine we want to run
http://<your_site>/administrator/components/com_jdownloads/helpers/scan.php?key=your-key
Regretable the shedule selector does not seem to operate - maybe it will be fixed in a later release.
So enter the required string manually in the Cronjob Expression field . The examples are reproduced again for convenience
Time string */30 4 *


rate can even be reduced.
Cashpayers in a car dealership – recognizing advantages
Cashpayers in a car dealership - recognizing advantages
The borrower doesn't care whether he pays bank A or bank B the installments for the car loan. The manufacturer doesn't really care.
Depending on the brand and model, the list price always includes all costs that could arise from the sale of the vehicle. It therefore includes "interest sponsoring" for the interest-free car loan with the desired rate.
There is also an additional discount and risk premiums. Surcharges for costs that arise, for example, when a borrower does not pay. The bottom line is a sales price that the dealership must ask for. About 10 percent discount is included. No matter how well someone negotiates. It is different with cash sales.
Interest sponsorship and most risk premiums become the bargaining chip. According to our research and the research of the SZ from 2017, the car dealership attracts with high discounts for cash payers.
On average, around 30 percent discount is realistic.
Financing from outside – does it pay off at all?
Financing from outside - does it pay off at all?
Almost with "breast milk" we learn to always pay attention to the effective annual interest rate according to PAngV. The view of the "big picture" is quickly lost. After all, every car loan with the desired rate serves a specific purpose. For example, the purchase of a new vehicle.
Appropriately, Bremen merchants shaped a sentence for business success centuries ago. "The profit is in purchasing". Not only credit is purchased, but the vehicle in the next step. The bottom line is that the calculation has to work.
Here is a simple calculation example:
Here is a simple calculation example:
A 28,000 USD car loan from the dealership leads to a 10 percent discount. That is 2,800 USD. Paid, for example over 72 months, means that 25,200 USD are paid interest-free. Financed for 72 months, the car loan costs a monthly rate of 350 USD. The cash payer can expect a discount of around 30 percent. So 8,400 USD off. He thus financed 19,600 USD.
With a term of 72 months, for example at Capital Lender, to take up 2.79 percent effective interest per year according to PAngV. In this case, the monthly rate (despite interest) is 295.65 USD. If the desired rate is to be as small as possible, it is optimally financed online. The figures prove that the calculation works easily in almost every known individual case.
Desired loans online – loan models
Desired loans online - loan models
When buying a car, the eyes are often bigger than the wallet. The discrepancy between car loans at the desired rate is to compensate.
Instead of a classic installment loan, most people with a "tight wallet" prefer to finance with a final installment loan. The final rate is calculated with the maximum amount (residual value of the car at maturity – dealer EK). This loan model offers Car Credit in a loan comparison. A Lite Lender brand.
We still recommend classic financing with constant rates. Instead, choose a longer term. Up to 144 months are possible online. A three-way vehicle purchase loan is not found online. The vehicle is reserved for the dealer when the final installment is due. In return, the car loan with the desired rate of a direct bank offers other advantages that the dealer does not have to offer.
For example, rescheduling other liabilities through cheap car loans.
Car loan – restart of finance
Car loan - restart of finance
The economy in Germany is funded by pump. Hardly any employee has a debt somewhere. The "pleasure" of overdrafts and credit cards is particularly expensive. It is a so-called short-term loan. Taking the term literally saves interest. Auto loan with the desired rate of an online bank can often be used to reschedule existing debts.
It is easy to determine whether the desired provider grants the special condition. Click once on "Product details". The window with the application conditions opens. In addition, on the right side of the field of vision is "Advantages". Special conditions are listed there. If a debt is to be rescheduled with a car loan, the information is there. The option: credit rescheduling is allowed to pay attention to.
The exact wording is flexible.
Preferred loan with initial difficulties – solution
Preferred loan with initial difficulties - solution
Problems with obtaining the desired car loan at the desired rate are rather rare. Of course, there is no guarantee of this. But at the same time, most credit institutions open a way to rule out potential problems in advance. They offer the application with two people. With two solvent borrowers, plus high-quality property security, nothing should go wrong. Nevertheless, every applicant naturally wants to "bother" no other borrower if possible.
If there are doubts as to whether the loan will be approved and who offers the optimal car loan with the desired rate, Cream Bank will take action. Simply send the loan application directly to the portal. Cream Bank reviews the application immediately "neutral". Then the credit experts and the software recommend what is likely to be the best offer.
Car loan with the desired rate – despite credit bureau?
Car loan with the desired rate - despite credit bureau?
Only a few providers are available for credit requests despite credit bureau. When liquidity is scarce, borrowers are particularly concerned about the small rate. The right car loan with the desired rate – for difficult cases – is the extra loan. Up to 144 months are possible. In this way, the rate can be vanishingly none. An alternative to this, with a term of up to 84 months, is the credit private.
In addition, with a term of up to 60 months, the car loan through Best Bank. Common to these options for the car loan with the desired rate, despite credit bureau, is a higher interest rate.
We advise you to clarify the cost of the loan before making an application.
Official Loan – is it worth applying for?
Civil servants are preferred target groups for banks because they have a secure job and are, so to speak, non-cancellable. Banks and credit institutions have targeted special target groups, and civil servants in particular can benefit from low-interest offers.
The conditions for a loan for civil servants are exceptionally favorable and are granted with a long term. The offers for a loan for civil servants have increased in recent years, making a comparison of offers necessary.
The loan for civil servants
The loan for civil servants
Officials are welcome customers at banks. A normal borrower usually has to pay higher interest on a loan with long terms. This is due to an increased risk, which represents the long term. Since civil servants have an open-ended employment contract, they benefit from a long term and with favorable interest rates. The same picture can be seen with higher loan amounts, an official will also receive excellent conditions there. When applying for a loan for civil servants, this should pay attention to the interest.
If a loan comparison is carried out, attention should be paid to the effective interest rate. This depends on the creditworthiness and varies from provider to provider. Just as with normal loans, attention should also be paid to the term and the loan amount. If you choose a long term, you will incur higher borrowing costs, if you choose a loan that is too short, you can expect a high level of liquidity, which can lead to financial bottlenecks in everyday life.
The peculiarity
The peculiarity
The loan form for a civil servant loan can be a loan plus life insurance. This means a loan free of repayment, which is only repaid at the end of the term. Instead of paying installments for the loan, the official pays contributions to life insurance. The credit deposited there will repay the loan at the end of the term. There can also be a profit sharing from life insurance, which also brings in money.
In order for the official to get a loan for civil servants, he should be far from retiring. A civil servant loan is usually up to the age of 53. Loan terms are available between 12 and 20 years. Another condition is the perfect credit entry, which has no negative entries. If other loans still have to be paid, they should be replaced and repaid with the civil servant loan. Current real estate loans are the exception.
The outlook
The outlook
If you want to have your best individual loan offer, you should make use of a loan comparison on the Internet. Several financial portals are offered with a comparison calculator. The comparison calculator shows the possibility of taking individual information into account in a loan. The best offer can be filtered out by the narrowed search with repayment, term, loan amount and also the use.
There are also officials who have a bad credit entry.
For them, the same conditions apply as for a normal borrower. If there are canceled loans, bankruptcies or reminders in the credit entry, no loan will be granted to an official. Here are the foreign banks, which grant a loan without credit entry. Officials are also welcome customers there, despite the bad credit entry. The application is quick and easy. You only need to apply for a loan from a credit broker.
Instant loan without credit score and co-applicant
Getting a loan can be tough if you have no credit, and you may be limited to higher-cost options when borrowing money. Taking steps to establish credit, such as using a secured credit card or taking out a credit-builder loan, could help you build credit before you apply for a loan.
The requirements of customers when borrowing are quite different. While one customer can boast a very good credit score and a high income, the other customer suffers


text:
EDEN Hot Pepper Sesame Oil is a delightful combination of the nutty flavor of toasted sesame seeds and hot spicy flavor of chili peppers. Whole sesame seeds are cleaned, slowly roasted in a rotary kiln to unlock their flavor and aroma, and placed in a screw press called an 'expeller' to extract the oil. The oil is gently filtered then infused with red hot chili peppers that soak in the oil for 24 hours. The peppers are then removed.
Most of the fat in EDEN Hot Pepper Sesame Oil is monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. Sesamol and sesamin, naturally occurring antioxidants found in sesame seeds and sesame oil, make unrefined sesame oil especially nourishing, and they act as a natural preservative in the oil. One of the most shelf stable unrefined vegetable oils.
In the tropical and semitropical areas of Asia where spices and peppers are frequently used, it was discovered that hot chili peppers could be infused into sesame oil to create a delightfully hot and spicy oil. Spices cause capillaries at the surface of the body to dilate, releasing internal heat and inducing perspiration so they have a cooling effect on the body and make it easier to adapt to hot climates. Japanese often use red pepper as a condiment for this purpose, especially during the hot summer months.
Sesame Sesamum indicum is a treasured herb native to Indonesia and Africa. It has been widely grown in tropical and subtropical Asia and in the Mediterranean region for thousands of years. The first known cultivation of sesame occurred around 3000 B.C. in the Middle East and 1600 B.C. in Egypt. The Egyptians are credited with being the inventors of sesame oil. Sesame seeds were introduced to Japan around 645 to 793 A.D. by Buddhist priests from Korea and China. Sesame oil production in Japan was recorded during the Heian Period (794 to 1191 A.D.).
Sesame plants grow about two to five feet and produce pretty purple cone shaped flowers. There are several varieties of the sesame plant that produce creamy white, brown, black, and red seeds. When ready for harvest the seeds are encased in a protective hard shell that rattles with its precious contents. The entire plant is cut off at the base of the stem and stacked in an upright position against racks and allowed to dry. While drying the capsules that hold the seed split open. The plant is turned upside down, shaken and the seeds drop onto a cloth.
It's best to avoid commercial vegetable oil that's heated above its smoke point, treated with the solvent hexane, washed with sodium hydroxide, and chemically bleached and deodorized at 400 degrees F. For delicious and nutritious unrefined oils, choose EDEN.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Can TARE-Y90 Treat Pediatric Patients?
Transarterial radioembolization with yttrium-90 (TARE-Y90) may be worth considering as an adjunctive therapy for pediatric patients with unresectable hepatic malignancies, according to a study published in Pediatric Blood Cancer.
"TARE-Y90 of unresectable primary liver malignancy is both technically feasible and demonstrates an anticancer effect, and retreatment is well tolerated," the researchers stated.
Primary malignant tumors comprise only 1% to 2% of childhood cancers, but alternatives are still needed for patients in whom chemotherapy fails. In such cases, TARE-90 may help to bridge to surgical resection or liver transplant, or be used for palliation.
For their study, the authors retrospectively reviewed data from 10 pediatric patients who were treated with TARE-90 after having histologically confirmed primary liver malignancy. At treatment, patients had a median age of 5.5 years, though ages ranged from 2 to 18 years. Survival after initial diagnosis was a median of 12.5 months, with a range of 10 to 28 months, while survival after TARE-Y90 treatment was a median of 4 months, with a range of 2 to 20 months. Three of the 10 patients tolerated retreatment well and also had the longest survival times, ranging from 17 to 20 months. One patient received a transplant 6 weeks after TARE-Y90 treatment.
Using RECIST 1.1 criteria of all target lesions, the majority of patients (8 of 9) had stable disease and 1 of 9 had progressive disease. With mRECIST criteria (requiring postcontrast arterial phase imaging), there was a partial response in 2 of 7 patients, stable disease in 4 of 7 patients, and progressive disease in 1 of 7 patients.
"TARE-Y90 could be considered as adjunctive therapy in pediatric patients with unresectable hepatic malignancies and could be used as a bridge to surgical resection or liver transplant. More research is required to determine the efficacy of this treatment in children and to define the clinical scenarios where benefit is likely to be optimized," the authors concluded.
Aguado A, Ristagno R, Towbin AJ, et al. Transarterial radioembolization with yttrium-90 of unresectable primary hepatic malignancy in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018 Nov 8:e27510. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27510. [Epub ahead of print]

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Leading Wilderness Treatment Center for teenagers from Kansas
BlueFire Wilderness is a wilderness treatment center for Kansas teens designed to help teens struggling with problems such as depression, body issues, anxiety, personality disorders, OCD, and a range of other issues. As a wilderness treatment center, teens from Kansas will have a chance to take part in many adventure excursions aimed at helping them confront challenges positively and increase their self-awareness.
Many teens that come to BlueFire are struggling with issues that they cannot face on their own, and a wilderness treatment center can provide the care and nurturing they need, as well as expert therapists to help them make sense of their experiences and difficulties. By spending time away from their everyday distractions like technology or friends, Kansas teens will have the opportunity to see their lives more clearly and make use of the many learning and growth opportunities available during their stay at BlueFire.
During the time spent at BlueFires Wilderness Treatment Center, teens will benefit from weekly personal, group, and family therapy, as well as having therapists present on the field with them during the many activities they will engage in. Kansas families will be in regular contact with their teenagers during therapy sessions where communication will be mediated by the teens personal therapist, with a focus on rebuilding family connections and creating a climate of open communication to last well after the end of the BlueFire experience.
To learn more about how BlueFire can help your teen and your family, call _PHONE_ today.
BlueFire Wilderness Treatment Center Provides Healing Experience for Kansas Teens
When teens from Kansas come to BlueFire wilderness treatment center, they find a comprehensive, multi-dimensional program complete with many stimulating activities and opportunities for growth. BlueFire welcomes teens struggling with a range of issues, such as OCD, personality disorders, anxiety, body image issues, and more.
BlueFires wilderness treatment center is unique in its approach, combining adventure therapy excursions into the varied terrain of the Idaho wilderness with more traditional forms of residential individual, group, and family therapy every week. Each individual teen is followed closely, with a focus on rebuilding damaged family connections and helping teens develop the skills and self-awareness they need to move forwards positively with their lives.
Spending time away from home in a natural environment is a unique chance for Kansas teens to look at their feelings, thoughts, and lifestyle in a new way that considers the larger and deeper repercussions of their actions. That is why wilderness treatment centers are effective therapeutic models for young people, even if it means being out of state for a few months. With the guidance and mediation of each teens therapist, Kansas families can build a communication plan to stay connected during their time of separation, and are actively involved in their childrens healing process through family therapy sessions every week. A strong family support system is essential for teens to transfer the skills and insights gained at our wilderness treatment center to their everyday lives at home.
Helping Children and Adolescents Cope with Violence and Disasters: A Parents Guide : When children and teens go through a traumatic event, its often difficult to know just what to say or do to make them feel loved and supported. This online guide by the National Institute of Mental Health is designed to help parents dealing with this sensitive issue.
Teen Mental Health: This interactive site provides a lot of information about the mental health struggles of teens, giving tips and specific insights geared towards parents, educators, and health care providers. It also offers many e-books, training programs, and mobile applications aimed at helping families understand and support their child struggling with a mental illness.
Who Does BlueFire Wilderness Therapy Help?
BlueFire Wilderness helps teens and families looking for wilderness programs who are struggling with challenges like those below:
– Social isolation
– Anger Issues
– Attachment Issues
– Family Conflict
– School Refusal
– Bipolar Disorder
– Video Game Addiction
– Low Self Esteem
– Academic Failure
BlueFire Wilderness Treatment Center Help Families From Kansas
BlueFire Wilderness helps Kansas families from cities and towns like: Mission Hills Leawood Fairway Overland Park Lenexa Prairie Village De Soto Louisburg Spring Hill Shawnee
BlueFire Wilderness Treatment Center help Kansas families from:
Some examples of cities from Kansas which may have families who may be interested in BlueFire Wilderness include: Wichita Overland Park Kansas City Olathe Topeka Lawrence Shawnee Manhattan Lenexa
- Social Media Addiction in Teens: Getting Help For Your TeenSocial media is today's hottest trend. Everyone is doing it. Mindlessly scrolling for what adds up to be hours throughout the day. Some cases are worse than others. In fact, so bad, it becomes addictive. The bad kind of addictive. Social media addiction in teens is not an often overlooked... Read more »
- Get Your Teen Moving for Better Mental HealthPhysical activity may be the medicine your teen needs. Research shows physical activity can be as effective as antidepressants. If your teen is struggling with mental health issues or not, it is equally important to encourage them to engage in physical activity. The Benefits Encouraging your teen to find a... Read more »
- Play No Games: Getting Your Teen to Ditch Their Device During VacationDoes your teen love their gaming device? Most teens do. However, there is a time and a place where the gaming device can serve as an unwelcome distraction from the world around us. Vacation is one of those times and places. Vacation is a time in which the entire family... Read more »


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I have 2 vectors with 11 dimentions.
a <- c(-0.012813841, -0.024518383, -0.002765056, 0.079496744, 0.063928973,
 0.476156960, 0.122111977, 0.322930189, 0.400701256, 0.454048860,
b <- c(0.64175768, 0.54625694, 0.40728261, 0.24819750, 0.09406221,
 0._PHONE_, -0.04211932, -0.07130129, -0.08182200, -0.08266852,
cosine_sim <- cosine(a,b)
which returns:
I used cosine() from lsa package.
for some values i am getting negative cosine_sim like the given one. I am not sure how the similarity can be negative. It should be between 0 and 1.
Can anyone explain what is going on here.
share|improve this question
take a look at the wikipedia link for cosine similarity (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosine_similarity). it cleary states the values lie between -1 and 1, with -1 indicating complete dissimilarity and 1 indicating complete similarity. – Ramnath Jul 6 '11 at 14:38
The clue is in the name. The trigometric cosine function can take values from -1 to 1, so you would expect this one to as well. – Richie Cotton Jul 6 '11 at 15:15
add comment
3 Answers
The nice thing about R is that you can often dig into the functions and see for yourself what is going on. If you type cosine (without any parentheses, arguments, etc.) then R prints out the body of the function. Poking through it (which takes some practice), you can see that there is a bunch of machinery for computing the pairwise similarities of the columns of the matrix (i.e., the bit wrapped in the if (is.matrix(x) && is.null(y)) condition, but the key line of the function is
crossprod(x, y)/sqrt(crossprod(x) * crossprod(y))
Let's pull this out and apply it to your example:
> crossprod(a,b)/sqrt(crossprod(a)*crossprod(b))
[1,] -0.05397935
> crossprod(a)
[1,] 1
> crossprod(b)
[1,] 1
So, you're using vectors that are already normalized, so you just have crossprod to look at. In your case this is equivalent to
> sum(a*b)
[1] -0.05397935
(for real matrix operations, crossprod is much more efficient than constructing the equivalent operation by hand).
As _USER_ Maney's answer says, the dot product of two vectors (which is length(a)*length(b)*cos(a,b)) can be negative...
For what it's worth, I suspect that the cosine function in lsa might be more easily/efficiently implemented for matrix arguments as as.dist(crossprod(x))...
edit: in comments on a now-deleted answer below, I suggested that the square of the cosine-distance measure might be appropriate if one wants a similarity measure on [0,1] -- this would be analogous to using the coefficient of determination (r^2) rather than the correlation coefficient (r) -- but that it might also be worth going back and thinking more carefully about the purpose/meaning of the similarity measures to be used...
share|improve this answer
Wow. Nice answer. – Matt O'Brien Mar 1 at 5:39
add comment
The cosine function returns
In this case, both the terms in the denominator are 1, but crossprod(a, b) is -0.05.
share|improve this answer
add comment
The cosine function can take on negative values.
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


text:
The theory of operation of a submerged skimming weir is based on the modification of the
withdrawal limits by the weir crest. Using the epilimnetic water quality as the desired release quality,
operation of a weir can be simulated, and the resulting quality predicted for a given weir crest elevation,
thermal stratification, and discharge. A numerical model can be used to simulate various stratification
patterns and discharges and to determine the optimum crest elevation for the weir (Figure 4.3.4). The
effects of various meteorological and hydrological events on the reservoir operating with a submerged
weir can then also be simulated.
Figure 4.3.4 Schematic of submerged skimming weir
126.96.36.199 Design Methodology
Design of a submerged skimming weir should begin on ly after clearly defining the existing
release water quality problems. The design methodology is based on installation of submerged
skimming weirs at existing Corps of Engineers' (CE) projects.
To determine this, a numerical model simulation can be used to predict the reservoir quality and
stratification under a variety of meteorological, hydrological, and operational conditions. If the project
is already operational, simple examination of release quality and in-reservoir quality profiles will indicate
if a problem exists. If the problem involves release of hypolimnetic water, such as low DO during
stratified periods, a submerged skimming weir may be a viable alternative to minimize hypolimnetic
The numerical model simulations described above, conducted to determine the viability of a
submerged weir, can also be used to determine the crest elevation of the weir. The crest is usually set
at an elevation equal to or higher than the highest thermocline elevation observed during the summer. If
the thermocline elevation is above the weir crest elevation, withdrawal of hypolimnetic water can occur,
thereby diminishing weir effectiveness.


text:
Killing Environmental Campaigners
Manifest and Latent Justifications
AbstractIn 2018, at least 200 land and environmental defenders were murdered, the deadliest year on record. This trend is growing but also spreading: killings were dispersed across 24 countries, compared to 16 in 2015. With many killings unreported, and often uninvestigated, it is likely that the true number is far higher. The tide of violence is driven by intensified activity by companies that pursue profit in unexploited areas. This paper gives an account and classification of these killings, providing an analysis of the vast literature produced by environmental NGOs. Adopting a modified form of techniques of neutralisation and drawing on the distinction between manifest and latent justifications, the paper examines the responses provided by official actors who are called to account for these killings.
Copyright (c) 2020 Vincenzo Ruggiero
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


G-quadruplexes can maintain their structure in the gas phase
TitleG-quadruplexes can maintain their structure in the gas phase
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2006
AuthorsRueda, M, Luque FJ, Orozco M
JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society
Volume128
Issue11
Pagination3608 - 3619
Date Published2006/03/22/
KeywordsChemical; Models, Computer Simulation; DNA/chemistry; G-Quadruplexes; Gases; Guanine/chemistry; Models, Molecular; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Water/chemistry
AbstractSeveral very extended (0.5-1 micros) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of parallel and antiparallel G-quadruplex DNA strongly suggest that in the presence of suitable cations the quadruplex not only remains stable in the gas phase, but also displays a structure that closely resembles that found in extended (25-ns long) trajectories in aqueous solution. In the absence of the crucial cations, the trajectories become unstable and in general the quadruplex structure is lost. To our knowledge, this is the first physiologically relevant structure of DNA for which very large MD simulations suggest that the structure in water and in the gas phase are indistinguishable.


text:
Health science refers to a large group of disciplines related to the delivery of health care to humans through the application of science, engineering, mathematics and technology. It is the field in which knowledge is taken from pure science and other related sources and applied to practical and clinical practices to maintain and improve the health of living beings.
This exciting field provides students an opportunity to grow and evolve within a vital industry. Our CTE pathway of health science courses to come include:
- Introduction to Health Science & Careers (Coming January 2022)
- Health Science Technology Exploration (Coming Fall 2022)
- Patient Care & Diagnostics Capstone (Coming 2022-2023 School Year)
- Biotechnology & Lab Science Capstone (Coming 2022-2023 School Year)
- Health Informatics & IT Capstone (Coming 2022-2023 School Year)
Download the Health Science Courses — Pathway Outline to the right to learn more about what these courses will entail. To learn more about our upcoming offerings and how you can bring health science to your students, inquire with your STEM Fuse representative or contact us!


text:
DEK Electroform Variable Aperture Height Technology (VAHT)
Variable aperture height allows localized paste volume control
PCBs that incorporate both miniaturized and large components can often be difficult to print in one stroke due to the different paste volume requirements. DEK Electroform variable aperture height technology (VAHT) solves this issue with aperture-specific gasket overgrowths that create more height for larger paste volume deposits. Around defined apertures, gasket height can be 1 to 2 mils higher than the base stencil thickness.
- Optimum solution for challenging heterogeneous assemblies
- Greater throughput due to one-pass printing capability
Interested? Talk to our team about DEK Electroform VAHT.


text:
You are feeling too stuffy with tropical climates, and you want to improve it by planting trees and putting water into the decorations in your home. Planting aquatic plants for decorative purposes, or aquariums, is the solution to this problem. Planting plants under water should pay attention to plant nutrients, light, water flow, plants that can be grown under water, providing co2 for photosynthesis. In this article we will step by step solve these problems.
Nutrition for plants
Nutrition for aquatic plants is not a problem too complex, there are currently many types of fertilizers available for the underwater plant, which include groundwater and fertilizer. The ground we give when we plant a tree, the water we put in after the tree has grown and absorbed almost all the nutrients in the lake.
Light for trees
Light is essential for photosynthesis, with a level of 1 w for a liter of water. If you have 40 liters of water, you need a 40 watt lamp. However, this calculation is not entirely correct, for some plants that do not need strong light such as moss, we only need a light bulb of about 0.5 w for a liter of water. If we plant trees for blue, just white light of the led is enough. But if you plant trees with leaves like color white or red, then need color lights to help make the tree beautiful.
Flow of water
In addition to nature, such as a smooth lake without flowing water, there will not be many creatures, and the creatures living in the lake will not be beautiful. This also applies to indoor water plants. In order to grow beautiful and fast growing plants, we need to have filters and flow so that the water in the tank is always circulated.
Plants that can be grown under water
Plants that can be grown under water have now been found and have bred to produce a variety of plants, such as Java moss, Mos moss, Mini Fiss moss. These are trees that need less light and less CO2, and The higher and more colorful trees such as Bucep, Nana rhododendron, and other high-end trees.
CO2 for indoor decorative plants
Co2 is essential for the photosynthesis of aquatic plants. So one way or another we have to provide enough Co2 for our plants. Currently on the market offers a wide range of co2 replacement products in combination with water dispenser, which is suitable for beginners under water bonsai.
Water for bonsai lake
The water source for the bonsai pond is clean water, the current source is tap water, most of the water is available, but the amount of chlorine in the tap water is the dark matter for the growth of the plant. and the animals live in the lake, so we need to treat the water by leaving 24 hours of water outside the lake before putting it into the lake.
Growing plants under water is not too difficult, we just need to pay attention to the supply of essential nutrients, pay attention to water sources, provide additional co2 for photosynthesis, ensure enough light for photosynthesis and play.


\(10^{5}\) -6.82
Example 1.4
What is \(\Delta{G}^{o}\) for isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?
If at equilibrium, we have \(K_{eq} = 0.0475\) at 298 K and pH 7. We can calculate:
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -2.303\;RT log_{10} K_{eq}= (-2.303) * (1.98 * 10^{-3}) * 298 * (log_{10} 0.0475) = 1.8 \;kcal/mol\]
 - The initial concentration of dihydroxyacetone phosphate = \(2 \times 10^{-4}\; M\)
 - The initial concentration of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = \(3 \times 10^{-6}\; M\)
From equation 2:
\(\Delta{G}\) = 1.8 kcal/mol + 2.303 RT log10(3*10-6 M/2*10-4 M) = -0.7 kcal/mol
Under non-standard conditions (which is essential all reactions), the spontaneity of reaction is determined by \(\Delta{G}\), not \(\Delta{G}^{o'}\).
Gibbs Energy in Electrochemistry
The Nernst equation relates the standard-state cell potential with the cell potential of the cell at any moment in time:
\[ E = E^o - \dfrac {RT}{nF} \ln Q \tag{1.18}\]
 - \(E\) = cell potential in volts (joules per coulomb)
 - \(n\) = moles of electrons
 - \(F\) = Faraday's constant: 96,485 coulombs per mole of electrons
 By rearranging this equation we obtain:
\[ E = E^o - \dfrac {RT}{nF} \ln Q \tag{1.19} \]
multiply the entire equation by \(nF\)
\[ nFE = nFE^o - RT \ln Q \tag{1.20}\]
which is similar to:
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.21}\]
By juxtaposing these two equations:
\[ nFE = nFE^o - RT \ln Q \tag{1.22}\]
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.23}\]
it can be concluded that:
\[ \Delta G = -nFE \tag{1.24}\]
\[ \Delta G^o = -nFE^o \tag{1.25}\]
Some remarks on the Gibbs "Free" Energy
 - Free Energy is not even "real": G differs from the thermodynamic quantities H and S in another significant way: it has no physical reality as a property of matter, whereas H and S can be related to the quantity and distribution of energy in a collection of molecules (e.g., the third law of thermodynamics). The free energy is simply a useful construct that serves as a criterion for change and makes calculations easier.
 1. Chang, Raymond. Physical Chemistry for the Biosciences. Sansalito, CA: University Sciences, 2005.
 2. Atkins, Peter and de Paula, Julio. Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2006. Page 153-163, 286.
 3. Stryer, Lubert. Biochemistry (Third Edition). New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1988. Page 181-184.
 - Cathy Doan (UC Davis), Han Le (UC Davis)
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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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From mediaeval Latin hypostaticus, from Ancient Greek ὑποστατικός (hupostatikós), from ὑποστατός (hupostatós).
 - IPA(key): /haɪpəˈstætɪk/
hypostatic (comparative more hypostatic, superlative most hypostatic)
 1. (theology) Pertaining to hypostasis, especially with reference to hypostatic union.
 - Boyle
 The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical principles.
 2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances.
 3. (medicine) Pertaining to hypostasis; depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting.
 hypostatic congestion, due to setting of blood by gravitation
 4. (genetics) Of a gene, affected by hypostasis.


This content is archived. See latest version here.
Last updated: Oct 12 2015
This topic describes how to customize and extend the search in Episerver Commerce by for instance adding index fields and creating new search indexers for specific purposes. See also Creating a Search Provider.
Classes in this topic are available in the following namespaces:
Adding index fields
The process of adding a new field can differ depending on the provider you use and where the data is coming from. Here, we explain the steps for adding a field for the catalog index using Lucene and SOLR providers.
When using Lucene, if you want to add a meta-field to be searchable, go to the meta-field configuration in Commerce Manager and mark it as searchable; the field is automatically added to the index.
When using SOLR, add that field to the SOLR configuration file, which is located in APACHERROOT\solr\catalog\conf\catalog.schema.xml.
Example: adding an index field to the SOLR Schema
<field name="MyNewField" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true" multiValued="true" />
To add a field programmatically in the case when data comes from an external data source or needs to be computed, create a new class that inherits the existing CatalogIndexer.
Example: adding a custom index class
C#
public class MyCatalogIndexer : Mediachase.Search.Extensions.Indexers.CatalogIndexBuilder
{
/// <summary>
/// Called when catalog entry is indexed. Override this method to add some extra fields.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="document">The document.</param>
/// <param name="entry">The entry.</param>
/// <param name="language"></param>
protected override void OnCatalogEntryIndex(ref SearchDocument document, CatalogEntryDto.CatalogEntryRow entry, string language)
 {
 // Example, add all apple products as featured
 if(entry.Name.Contains("apple"))
 document.Add(new SearchField("featured", true));
 base.OnCatalogEntryIndex(ref document, entry, language);
 }
}
Creating a search indexer
Search Indexer is a component that is responsible for assembling data into documents that Search Provider can then index. It typically connects subsystems like Catalogs, gets a list of changes and submits it to the search provider.
By default Episerver Commerce indexes catalog data via the the BaseCatalogIndexBuilder class or an inheriting class. However, third party implementations may implement ISearchIndexBuilder instead of extending the BaseCatalogIndexBuilder.
C#
/// <summary>
/// Search Index Builder Interface.
/// </summary>
public interface ISearchIndexBuilder
{
 /// <summary>
 /// An event handler for progress message events.
 /// </summary>
 event SearchIndexHandler SearchIndexMessage;
 /// <summary>
 /// Gets or sets the manager.
 /// </summary>
 /// <value>The manager.</value>
 SearchManager Manager { get; set; }
 /// <summary>
 /// Gets or sets the build indexer.
 /// </summary>
 /// <value>The build indexer.</value>
 IndexBuilder Indexer { get; set; }
 /// <summary>
 /// Builds the index.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="rebuild">if set to <c>true</c> the full rebuild will be done, if not. The last build date will be used.</param>
 void BuildIndex(bool rebuild);
 /// <summary>
 /// Updates the specified items in the index.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="itemIds">The ids of the items to update.</param>
 /// <returns>True if successful; otherwise, false.</returns>
 bool UpdateIndex(IEnumerable<int> itemIds);
}
The updated catalog event system uses the UpdateIndex method and calls it for any changed or deleted catalog entries. The parameter enumerates catalog entry IDs of changed or delete entries, and the implementation is expected to update the search indexes appropriately for these entries.
If a transient error occurs (such as a network error when accessing a remote service), UpdateIndex should return false. The system may then retry the same batch of updates again later. If a non-transient error occurs, then the implementation should throw an exception.
An implementation of ISearchIndexBuilder should throw an exception from UpdateIndex if the updated event system is not supported, and scheduled tasks is used to execute BuildIndex.
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UK patients get early access to Alnylam's ultra-rare disease drug lumasiran
The UK's regulator has granted early access to Alnylam's ultra-rare disease drug lumasiran, allowing patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 to gain access ahead of a regulatory decision by the European Commission.
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) gave a positive opinion for lumasiran through its Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS).
Eligible patients in the UK, many of whom are children, will be able to receive the medicine for PH1an ultra-rare disease that causes excessive oxalate production ahead of a decision by European regulators expected later this year.
This can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and other systemic complications.
Affecting between one and three people per million in Europe and the US, there are around 90 patients diagnosed with PH1 in the UK.
Current treatment approaches do not prevent oxalate overproduction and aim to lessen damage to the kidneys and delay progression to ESKD.
PH1 patients with advanced kidney disease require dialysis to help filter waste products from their blood, until they are able and eligible to receive a dual or sequential liver/kidney transplant.
However, long-term dialysis and post-transplant complications can severely impact patients' quality of life.
Lumasiran is a subcutabneously administered RNA-interference drug that blocks production of a protein called hydroxyacid oxidase, which in turn inhibits production of oxalate.
Regulators from the FDA and European Medicines Agency are reviewing filings based on the double-blind phase 3 ILLUMINATE-A study, a six-month trial testing lumasiran in 39 patients diagnosed with PH1.
Patients were randomised 2:1 to receive three monthly doses of lumasiran or placebo followed by quarterly maintenance doses.
The primary endpoint was the percent change in 24-hour urinary oxalate excretion from baseline to the average of months three to six in the patients treated with lumasiran as compared to placebo.
The MHRA made its decision based on findings of ILLUMINATE-A and other data.
The FDA has granted a six-month Priority Review and is due to make a decision on or before an action date of 3 December.
Don't miss your daily pharmaphorum news.
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text:
Levels of Data Protection
Backing-up and Restoring Data, describes the role of the system databanks
TRANSDBwhen used in conjunction with backup and restore, in protecting data against loss.
Databank shadowing provides an even higher level of protection. Listed below are the different ways in which data can be protected from loss (from the least amount of protection to the highest).
All Databanks on One Disk and No Logging
If a databank is lost with this level of protection, it is only possible to continue operations from the last backup copy (all changes since the last backup was taken are lost).
Databanks can be lost due to accidental deletion, disk crashes (which can destroy all files on a disk), etc. This level of protection is not recommended except for trash databanks with unimportant contents.
Logging, with LOGDB and TRANSDB on a Separate Disk from the Data
TRANSDBare vital databanks if the system stops or if any databanks are lost. Because of this,
TRANSDBshould be stored on separate disks, as shown in the following figure:
Application data should be stored on the
TRANSDBdisk if it cannot be stored separately.
If a databank is lost, it can be restored to its original state by applying the transactions in
TRANSDBto a restored backup of the databank.
This may take some time, especially if the databank is large and if there is a lot of transaction information stored in
Caution: If the databank disk and the TRANSDB or LOGDB disk are handled by the same disk controller, a disk controller failure may cause both disks to crash.
This security level gives a high degree of security and is recommended for databanks containing important data used in a system where the delay before the system is restored after a crash is not critical.
To assure this high degree of security, backup files should always be stored on separate removable media (e.g. CD/RW).
Shadowing, with Shadows on a Separate Disk
Shadows should always be stored on a separate disk from the masters to protect them from a total disk crash that could destroy both the master and shadow databanks.
It is also advisable to use separate disk controllers to assure that a corrupt disk controller does not destroy the disks holding both the masters and the shadows.
If a databank is lost, its shadow can be transformed into a master and the shadow automatically takes over with no loss of data.
Since shadows are updated after the master, and operations are saved in
TRANSDBuntil the shadow is updated, it is important that
TRANSDBis consistent when a shadow is transformed.
To ensure this, you should shadow
TRANSDB. We strongly recommend that
TRANSDBand its shadow are stored on separate disks, as shown in the following diagram:
This arrangement gives a high degree of security and is recommended for databanks containing important data used in a system where it is vital to be able to get the system running again quickly after a disk crash.
Shadowing and Logging
Combining shadowing and logging, see Backing-up and Restoring Data, gives the highest level of data protection.
If logging is used, the data is protected if both the master and the shadow disks become corrupted.
And, when shadowing is combined with logging (with
LOGDBon a third disk) and backups are regularly taken to separate media (CD/RW, etc.), then data is always protected if any two of the disks crash, for example:
Of course, additional disks can be used, just as long as the databanks that are separated above are not placed on the same disks. If you only have two disk drives available and all the databanks are shadowed, then logging is of little value. Shadowing
LOGDBwill not increase data protection significantly in this configuration.
Different degrees of data security can be used for different databanks, depending on the importance of the data. It is however important that all inter-dependent databanks (because of foreign key relationships, etc.) have the same level of protection. Otherwise logical inconsistencies may result if there is a disk crash.
Mimer Information Technology AB
Voice: +46 18 780 92 00
Fax: +46 18 780 92 40


text: Wolf spider (family Lycosidae). This female wolf spider is carrying her egg case (cream, lower centre) in her palps and fangs. She will carry it until her spiderlings hatch. This is a common hunting spider found in Europe. It hunts its prey by running it down. These spiders rarely bite, and, although painful, their bites are not fatal to humans.


text:
Reverberation control of work spaces and of other living areas in buildings is a specialty of ITS, having an extended experience for many applications.
In relation to regulatory texts and standards, this consists in implementing (in various forms e.g. acoustic suspended ceiling, wall-mounted absorbent lining, screens, baffles and suspended absorbent elements) sound-absorbing materials, in quality, in quantity and in location satisfactory to the objectives and specific constraints of each project: acoustic performance, but also, and depending on the context: lightness and possibilities of fixing on the available supports, resistance to moisture, oxidation, cleanability, decorative function...
Concerning work premises
The reverberation control aims, for such applications, to reduce the reverberation of noise on partitions when it is likely to significantly increase the level of noise exposure of workers:
- the Decree of 30 August 1990 regulates the decrease of the noise level by doubling the distance at source in the premises (workshops, production facilities) where machinery and apparatuses are to be installed, capable of exposing workers to a level of daily noise level greater than 85 dB (A), whether it is a room empty of any machine or production facility or premises after installation of machinery and production equipment
- the NF S 31080 standard (which is not mandatory) sets acoustic performance levels and criteria by type of space for offices (individual, collective, open space) and associated spaces (meeting / training room), relaxation area, restaurant): reverberation time and spatial decay rate (as appropriate)
Concerning teaching establishments
The reverberation control aims, for such applications, to limit noise in nursery and elementary schools, colleges, high schools, regional institutions of special education, universities and institutions of higher education, general, technical or professional (public or private), by imposing reverberation time limits:
- the Decree of 25 April 2003 regulates teaching and practical premises, administrations, libraries, information and documentation centers, music rooms, meeting rooms, teachers' rooms, medical premises and infirmaries, multipurpose rooms, dining rooms
Concerning premises in health facilities
The reverberation control aims, for such applications, to limit the noise, by imposing reverberation time limits:
- the Decree of 25 April 2003 regulates the dining rooms, staff rest rooms, public reception areas, accommodation or care spaces, examination or consultation rooms, medical offices or consulting rooms, premises and circulations accessible to the public
Concerning sports halls
The reverberation control aims, for such applications, to reduce the noise:
- the standard NF P 90207 sets maximum permissible values for the reverberation time (depending on the volume) and the sound decay values in space (depending on the area) for rooms reserved for the practice of some sports: gymnastics, athletics, volleyball, handball, basketball, tennis, fencing, table tennis
Concerning institutions for childrens under 6 years
The reverberation control aims, for such applications, to reduce the ambient sound levels:
- in France there is no regulation nor standard, but nevertheless a broad consensus regarding the reverberation time of the atriums, games rooms - and activity - of the different sections, sleeping rooms, offices, medical rooms, staff rooms, halls and stairwells that may be crossed regularly by children
Concerning restaurants, bars, places with amplified music broadcasting
The reverberation control aims, for such applications, to improve the sound comfort:
- in France there is neither a regulation nor a norm but a broad consensus regarding the reverberation time
Concerning operas, theaters, cinemas, concert halls
The reverberation control aims, for such applications, to adjust, with respect to needs whose evaluation is of great complexity, many performance indicators:
- (in addition to the reverberation time) clarity at 50 or 80 ms (C50, C80), early decay time EDT (Early Decay Time), speech transmission index STI, central time TS, definition D50, sound force G, lateral efficiency (LF and CFL).


We have a glass fuse for a 12v lighting circuit that has "Siran No. F 13 4A" written on paper inside it. The circuit takes 5.5A at the moment with all the lights switched on without the fuse blowing. Can someone tell me what this is rated at? It seems to be a fast blow (F) so can it really be a 4A?
I figure my options are
13A (so what does the 4 mean?)
4A (why is it still working at 5.5A?)
Thanks for reading, Steve
Edit: Images added as requested. Fuse shown with left side in holder Fuse with writing fuse wire
 - \$\begingroup\$ Can you make a picture? Normally the F13 stays for dimensioning and type and 4A the current. It still can be a slow blow fuse. \$\endgroup\$ – rfkortekaas Dec 31 '15 at 9:59
It might be a 4A fuse allowing 5.5A at the moment. To understand why/how this can happen, you need to know the working of a fuse. The fuse will have some finite resistance R and a current I through it will start adding heat to the fuse as per the equation - IxIxRxt where t is the time. This heat energy will raise the temperature of the fuse and at one point, it will melt. However this isn't the only thing going on in there. The fuse is also losing some of the heat to its surroundings and hence the surroundings also play a role in deciding the current at which the fuse will blow and the time it will take to blow. Here is an excerpt from a fuse sizing guide:
Fuse selection guide
Fast fuse
In your case, one of the following might be the case:
1) Lack of quality control - Maybe the fuse company didn't control the tolerance very well.
2) Fuse is losing too much heat to its surroundings.
3) Fuse is not a fast one and it might blow given enough time.
4) It's not a 4A fuse.
 - \$\begingroup\$ Thanks for that. I'm guessing that the next step would be to figure out the gauge of the wiring and get a suitable fuse? This is the only time I've ever switched on all 5 lights - regular use is 2 or 3 at the most. \$\endgroup\$ – Steve Dec 31 '15 at 12:15
Your Answer


text:
noun, plural en·do·the·li·a [en-doh-thee-lee-uh] /ˌɛn doʊˈθi li ə/.
- a type of epithelium composed of a single layer of smooth, thin cells that lines the heart, blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities.
noun plural -lia (-lɪə)
- a tissue consisting of a single layer of cells that lines the blood and lymph vessels, heart, and some other cavities
n. pl. en•do•the•li•a (-lē-ə)
- A thin layer of flat epithelial cells that lines serous cavities, lymph vessels, and blood vessels.
- A thin layer of flat epithelial cells that lines the lymph vessels, blood vessels, and the inner cavities of the heart. Compare mesothelium.


Is there an evidence based analysis of history of insurrectionist methods that prove they're best for revolution?
+1 vote
I wonder if insurrectionary anarchism is a personal preference or a strategic one in terms of anarchism. The reason being this kind of anarchism is more fun and it doesn't wait on an overall strategy just hopes to generalize revolt. Is there any evidence historical or otherwise that suggests this method produces insurrections of a libertarian nature more often than any other more community organizing focused strain of anarchism?
Also theory. Is the reason not to like formal organization a matter of personal preference or strategy? If strategy how does a revolutionary movement win without organization and a general strategy? is Revolution secondary or irrelevant to Insurrection strands?
asked Aug 28, 2013 by Read2much? (190 points)
2 Answers
0 votes
The Revolution usually invoked by (professional) revolutionaries is not relevant to insurrectionary folks (anarchist or not). Generalizing revolt is not the same as aiming for a revolution.
Also, I'm not really sure there's an identifiable tendency in anarchism that can be called "insurrectionary"; seems more like a preference around organizing and tactics.
answered Aug 28, 2013 by lawrence (20,390 points)
+3 votes
From my understanding, insurrectionist anarchism sometimes/often advocates not "hoping to generalize revolt" but rather acts to popularize and articulate anarchist tactics and analyses (through constant action/attack) so that, when a moment of rupture or revolt actually happens, people will be in a better position to potentially apply those tactics and analyses for themselves.
The difference between this and "revolutionary" anarchism would be that revolutionary anarchism imagines a deliberate strategic organizing toward a point in time when conditions are right for revolution (or, at least, toward a steady and ongoing process of revolution that builds up to an ultimate destruction of capitalism and the state), whereas insurrectionists don't imagine anarchists as being the instigators of a mass revolt but rather as people who can spread the tools and knowledge and relationships necessary to generalize revolt when it happens.
As for personal preference versus strategy, I think there are elements of both. I've seen people who are willing to participate in formal organizations wind up quitting out of frustration because the meetings never led to action, or people with conflicting ideas drove the group to a standstill, or there were too many complicated organizational components to focus on before anything else. And there are obviously sound reasons why working with people based on personal affinity can be more effective and enjoyable for people.
Also on the subject of "general strategy", I don't think such a thing necessarily exists even outside of insurrectionist strains of anarchism. The Platform is the only example I can think of offhand.
I can't say either way about a historical precedent for insurrectionary tactics versus revolutionary organizing but as far as I know, neither have ever "won" as of writing this.
(If somebody feels that I'm slightly or completely wrong on this answer/interpretation, or leaving out an important facet or nuance, please correct me, cuz I feel like I'm still in the process of articulating my thoughts on this.)
answered Aug 29, 2013 by Rice Boy (11,640 points)


text:
Sea Garden Motel Pismo
This blog post about Sea Garden Motel Pismo was posted at March 22, 2017 at 7:24 am. It is posted on the Garden category. Sea Garden Motel Pismo is tagged with Sea Garden Motel Pismo, Sea, Garden, Motel, Pismo..
Seasea (sē),USA pronunciation n.
- the salt waters that cover the greater part of the earth's surface.
- a division of these waters, of considerable extent, more or less definitely marked off by land boundaries: the North Sea.
- one of the seven seas;
- a large lake or landlocked body of water.
- the degree or amount of turbulence of the ocean or other body of water, as caused by the wind.
- the waves.
- a large wave: The heavy seas almost drowned us.
- a widely extended, copious, or overwhelming quantity: a sea of faces; a sea of troubles.
- the work, travel, and shipboard life of a sailor: The sea is a hard life but a rewarding one.
- at sea:
- on the ocean.
uncertain: completely at sea as to how to answer the question.Also, asea.
- follow the sea, to pursue a nautical career: Many boys then dreamed of following the sea.
- go to sea:
- to set out on a voyage.
- to embark on a nautical career.
- half seas over, [Slang.]partly or completely drunk: They came home at dawn, looking half seas over.Also, half-seas over.
- put to sea, to embark on a sea voyage: The expedition is nearly ready to put to sea.Also, put out to sea.
- of, pertaining to, or adapted for use at sea.
Gardengar•den (gär′dn),USA pronunciation n.
- a plot of ground, usually near a house, where flowers, shrubs, vegetables, fruits, or herbs are cultivated.
- a piece of ground or other space, commonly with ornamental plants, trees, etc., used as a park or other public recreation area: a public garden.
- a fertile and delightful spot or region.
- [Brit.]yard2 (def. 1).
- pertaining to, produced in, or suitable for cultivation or use in a garden: fresh garden vegetables; garden furniture.
- lead up or down the garden path, to deceive or mislead in an enticing way;
delude: The voters had been led up the garden path too often to take a candidate's promises seriously.
- to lay out, cultivate, or tend a garden.
- to cultivate as a garden.
Motelmo•tel (mō tel′),USA pronunciation n.
- a hotel providing travelers with lodging and free parking facilities, typically a roadside hotel having rooms adjacent to an outside parking area or an urban hotel offering parking within the building.
Sea Garden Motel Pismo have 7 images, they are Sea Garden Motel - Pismo Beach - United States Of America, Sea Garden Motel, Pismo Beach, Booking.com, Booking.com, Sea Garden Motel, Pismo Beach, Photo Of Sea Garden Motel - Pismo Beach, CA, United States, Booking.com. Following are the attachments:
But grey is just a simple color that seems nevertheless simple to fit with additional colors more distinction. So that the shade Sea Garden Motel Pismo that is chosen works for those who desire to employ neutral colors like less, although white. To have the mixture right colour coloring, you must consider these methods and criteria in choosing color combinations. Select a colour to paint the surfaces a vivid color combinations of dull.
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TMR (Targeted Muscle Reinnervation)
What is TMR?
The goal of a TMR fitting is to enable arm amputees to use their prosthesis intuitively. For this purpose, nerves that transmitted signals to the natural arm are connected to other muscles. This surgical intervention is called Targeted Muscle Reinnervation, or TMR for short.
After the amputation of an arm, the nerves are still functional up to the amputation site. These nerves can generally integrate themselves into a different muscle and trigger a contraction. The concept of TMR is based on triggering a natural repair mechanism artificially. Thus, a muscle that is no longer functional after the amputation is divided into several segments surgically.
The original nerve supply for this muscle is severed. The surgically relocated nerve ends become incorporated into the muscle. This process of establishing a targeted new connection is called targeted reinnervation.
Complex motor training during the subsequent rehabilitation process ensures that you can activate the reinnervated muscles appropriately and selectively. This creates up to six independent muscle signals that significantly help to improve your control of the prosthesis.
TMR is an established treatment method following amputation of the upper arm or shoulder disarticulation. After a TMR fitting, you control your prosthesis using up to six different thoughts about natural movements. For example, simply think of making a fist or closing your hand, and the corresponding muscle will be activated, with the associated signal then closing the prosthetic hand. This way, several prosthetic movements can be carried out at the same time, quickly and intuitively.
To find out more about TMR, including where you can visit for an assessment, please check out our dedicated TMR website.


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Ridge lift (or'slope lift') is created when a wind strikes an obstacle, usually a mountain ridge or cliff, that is large and steep enough to deflect the wind upward.
If the wind is strong enough, the ridge lift provides enough upward force for gliders, hang gliders, paragliders and birds to stay airborne for long periods or travel great distances by'slope soaring'. Although unpowered aircraft are usually descending through the air, they will climb if the surrounding air is rising faster than their sink rates. Model glider enthusiasts refer to this technique as "slope gliding" or "sloping".
Orville Wright used ridge lift setting a duration record of 11 minutes in 1911. However the sport of soaring started in Germany after the First World War. In 1921 Dr. Wolfgang Klemperer broke the Wright Brothers 1911 soaring duration record with a flight of 13 minutes. In 1922 Arthur Martens became the first glider pilot to use an updraft rising along a mountain slope to stay aloft for a lengthy period with a flight over an hour.
Basic requirements
Ridge lift is generated when the wind blows against a hill, ridge, escarpment or ocean wave, causing the air to rise. In meteorology this is known as orographic lift. The wind creates a region of rising air directly above the slope which may extend some distance upwards and outwards from its face because the airflow follows the upward contour of the hill. However at near vertical cliffs, there is usually an area of turbulence with descending air near the base of the cliff. Downwind of the hill, lee waves can form that are also used by glider pilots to gain height but this should not be confused with slope lift.
Near slopes rather than vertical cliffs, the strongest lift is often to be found a flight path that intersects with an imaginary line emerging at right angles from the slope.
Long mountain ranges such as those found in Ridge-and-valley Appalachians in the United States, New Zealand, and Chile have been used by glider pilots to fly in excess of a thousand kilometers in a single flight. Birds, such as many seabirds (in particular albatross) and raptors, also use slopes in this way.
See also
- Hang gliding
- Radio-controlled glider
- Controllable slope soaring
- Orographic lift
- Dynamic soaring
- Lee waves


text: Water tunnel experiments were conducted to study the interaction of gusts with swept and unswept finite wings set at zero angle of attack. Single vortex filaments were generated by plunging an upstream airfoil at zero angle of attack in transient motion. The vortex filament, which was initially quasi-two-dimensional, deformed, diffused, and lost coherency as it interacted with the wing. The details of the interaction were documented by means of phase-locked force measurements and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in multiple spanwise planes. Phase-locked PIV measurements show trajectory deflection, vortex diffusion, and flow separation over the wing. For the swept wing, the local structure of the vortex only depends on the relative location of the wing cross-section at that particular spanwise plane. The results show that when the counterclockwise vortex passes the wing in proximity, the lift coefficient CL exhibits a sharp rise followed by a sharp decrease to negative values before recovering to zero.


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The BW Gas Alert Extreme is a single gas detector by BW Technologies and Honeywell. This unit can be ordered to detect a range of common toxic industrial gases to protect against over exposure.
The Gas Alert Extreme is supplied with a 2 year replaceable lithium battery allowing ease of use without the need of re-charging. The unit has a range of language settings and is also fully datalogging and when used with the free to download fleet manager II software and USB datalink cable you can download records of event and alarm data.
Compatible with the BW Microdock II Test station providing a quick and easy bump and function testing solution.
The gas sensors available for the BW Gas Alert Extreme are :
Ammonia (NH3),Carbon monoxide (CO), Chlorine (Cl2), Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ethylene oxide (ETO) (C2H4O), Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Nitric oxide (NO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Oxygen (O2), Ozone (O3) Phosphine (PH3) and Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Features & Benefits :
Quick Specs :


Spanish-speaking stroke survivors face more obstacles
Stroke survivors who speak Spanish are more likely to have low stroke literacy and a negative perception of their health care, according to a new study that called for breaking down language barriers.
How meaning is represented in the human brain
Representations reflecting non-linguistic experience have been detected in brain activity during reading in study of healthy, native English speakers published in JNeurosci. The research brings us one step closer to a more...
Psychology & Psychiatry
People track when talkers say 'uh' to predict what comes next
Spontaneous conversation is riddled with disfluencies such as pauses and 'uhm's: On average, people produce 6 disfluencies every 100 words. But disfluencies do not occur randomly. Instead, 'uh' typically occurs before 'hard-to-name'...
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Metro has a multi-layered cache: you can set up multiple caches to be used by Metro instead of one. This has several advantages, on this page we will explain how the caches work.
Why Cache?
Caches give big performance benefits, they can increase the speed of a bundler with more than tenfold. However, many systems use a non-persistent cache. With Metro we have a more sophisticated way of caching with a layer system. For example, we can store the cache on a server. Because of this all bundlers connected to the same server can use the shared cache. As a result the initial build time for CI servers and local development become significantly lower.
We want to store caches in multiple places as to always have a cache to fallback to. That's why there is a multi-layered cache system.
Cache Fetching & Saving
There is an ordering mechanism to determine which cache to use. For retrieving a cache we go through the caches from top to bottom until we find a result, for saving a cache we do the same until we find a store that has the cache.
Let's say you have two cache stores: one on a server and one on your local file system. You would specify that in this way:
const config = {
cacheStores: [
new FileStore({/*opts*/}),
new NetworkStore({/*opts*/})
Metro will first look into the FileStore when we retrieve a cache. If it can't find the cache there it will check NetworkStore, and so on. Finally if there's no cache there it will generate a new cache itself. As soon as the cache has been generated, Metro will go again from top to bottom to store the cache in all stores. This also happens if a cache is found. For example, if Metro finds a cache in the NetworkStore it will store it in FileStore as well.


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Shared Interest united States and Mexico dilemma of protecting its borders Does the relationship between the United States and Mexico in combating or GA nixed crime benefit the United States, though the Merriam Initiative methods not bee n successful, why do we continue to fund Mexico in combating organized crime? This question must be answered in two parts, with two possible answers to fir SST part of the research question. First, the relationship of combating organized crime as assistance provided by the united States is mutual.
Since the United States and Mexico share alma cost 2,000 mile border. Which is the main entryway of drug flow in the Ignited States. The sec nod question of why do we continue to fund Mexico in combating its drug war, will be address De in the course of this research paper, will attempt to answer this research question by first conducting an historical I analysis of organized crime reduction in Mexico and U. S borders. I will analyze relevant s scholarly reviewed research and other articles, as well as statistical information relating to organic De crime.
I intend to use reviewed scholarly articles obtained from from ASTOR, Google Scholar a ND Obscenest for this research, as well as any books or news articles relevant to the subject. The scope of this paper will range from early 21st Century in which the Merriam Initiative was Cree dated to combat organized crime, up till this present day. This topic is relevant due to the ongoing incremental ongoing allocations of IS united States tax dollars to Mexico to combat organized crime.


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How long would it take to drink the oceans?
How long would it take the human race to drink all the water in the earth's oceans?
If each human on earth were to drink the recommended amount of water per day (1.9 liters), it would take them 259,931,901.5 years to drink 1.2348E21 liters (the amount of water in the oceans). This is assuming, of course, that each human, including babies, would have to drink 1.9 liters a day, all the water in the ocean was drinkable, and all water that was drank by someone would not find its way back in to the ocean.
Amount of water in the ocean (science.howstuffworks.com)
4 years ago | Side: a long time
About 2.5% of Earth's water is freshwater including freshwater lakes, swamps, atmospheric, groundwater, glaciers, ground ice and permafrost. All freshwater originally evaporated off the oceans and saltwater lakes, and the freshwater collected into the streams and rivers into freshwater lakes. A lot of this freshwater flows right back out to the ocean. Some freezes on the tops of mountains forming snow, snow-caps, ice, and glaciers. In order for humans to drink all the water in the oceans, it would first have to collect into glaciers. Otherwise, you couldn't store it. Then your billions of ice age people could drink the meltwater collected by their dams. Over the course of hundreds of millions of years, their frozen waste water would collect back into the ocean. The whole project would involve fine control of Earth's climate to insure all the Earth's ocean water evaporated, then collected as glacier water. An engineering project which might optimistically take a billion or so years. If you brute force the process, and pump the water to the north and south poles, you can do it much faster. What with nanotechnology and such, and a phenomenal, exponential population explosion, the human could drink the ocean in a tiny fraction of that time.
210 days ago | Side: How long would it take to drink the oceans?


The skin script allow to describe skins the engine will use for actor models (at the moment, only for human skins). It is not used for the gameplay, but only for the look and feel.
Model file embed a list of skin name. The engine only use the first one to find image file name. Others are not used, but can be, anyway, useful for third party model viewers and editors. The engine
Each skin is describe with the keyword actorskin. It contain a string id (used to find image file name), a name (displayed in the user interface) which is translatable, and some properties.
V_BOOL: Describe if we can use this skin in single player mode.
V_BOOL: Describe if we can use this skin in multiplayer mode.
This example register a foo skin to the game. The game will search for skins using _foo suffix. This skin is available in both multiplayer and singleplayer game.
actorskin foo {
 name "_My foo skin"
 singleplayer true
 multiplayer true
Resolution of image skin name
The engine use three things to found the file name used for a skin.
 - The first image defined of the embedded skin defined inside model file. Most of the time it is the name of the model itself.
 - The separator _ (underscore) for readability.
 - The actor skin id as suffix.
For example: It exists a model called body.md2. It embedded the skin file name body. And it exists an actor skin name called forest. The engine will check the image filename body_forest. If this image do not exists, the engine will use the default skin name.
 - base/models/soldiers/foo
 - body.md2
 - body.jpg
 - body_forest.jpg
Script order
The engine use the first embedded skin from models. It is a special case cause here - it doesn't use any suffix. To avoid loading error, the engine must read this skin entry on first, and this skin must be called default.
actorskin default {
 name "_Urban"
 singleplayer true
 multiplayer true
It is anyway an artificial order limitation. We should fix it with code. Patch is welcome.
Sharing actor skin
Elite skin by turkana.
We can share an own actor skin with a pk3 file. You can check _URL_ for an example of skin.
To use this file, we can move it on the game base directory, or on the home base directory. It add a new "Elite" skin, for the multiplayer mode only.
Some notes:
 - A pk3 can contain more than one new actor skin.
 - It should not overwrite official content.
 - The script should be prefixed with skins_.
 - Actor skin name and script should avoid conflict name.
Multiplayer limitation
The game engine only share numerical skin id, and not named skin id. If a player use a custom actor skin, we don't know if other people will see the same model. Anyway the player himself will see the right model. Patch is welcome.
If all players use the same pk3 files, and the same game content, all players will have the same right result.


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One of the questions that readers have on the topic of refueling combat aircraft aviation in the air, deals with the theme of a thunderstorm. Can aircraft refueling in the air during a thunderstorm be carried out with numerous discharges of atmospheric electricity - lightning?
This kind of refueling is not a frequent phenomenon, but the air forces of different countries do not refuse it - in cases of emergency. Thus, in the United States, during a night thunderstorm, the F / A-18 tanks were refilled with fuel using the KC-130 air tanker.
The corresponding video was posted on Instagram on the Combat_Learjet page. Such refueling is actively discussed on the net.
In the American information sources, during the discussion, it is assumed that refueling a carrier-based fighter-bomber in such conditions was a necessary measure. The planes were in the air and tried to bypass the thunderstorm front, but in the end the bad weather overtook the aviation facilities during that very refueling.
In fact, the planes could be at a completely safe distance from the storm front.
What do domestic standards say about this?
For example, the Manual on the Technical Operation and Repair of Aviation Equipment in Civil Aviation of Russia (order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of 1994) prescribes:
5.1.10. Open refueling of an aircraft during rain and strong wind with dust, during a thunderstorm (during atmospheric electricity discharges) and closed refueling during lightning discharges is prohibited.
Western regulations: "When observing a thunderstorm front and flashes from atmospheric electrical discharges within a radius of 10 miles (about 16 km) from the immediate place of refueling, the refueling procedure must be stopped."
However, all these are "airfield" standards, and for civil aircraft and precisely for refueling. The conditions for the operation of combat aircraft are different. Although it is quite obvious that refueling in the air during a thunderstorm and discharges of atmospheric electricity is an extremely dangerous action that can lead to negative consequences for both sides - the fuel donor and the acceptor.


Configuring PXF Servers
 - Supporting file-based connector and user configuration
 - Providing connector-specific template configuration files
A PXF Server definition is simply a named configuration that provides access to a specific external data store. A PXF server name is the name of a directory residing in $PXF_CONF/servers/. The information that you provide in a server configuration is connector-specific. For example, a PXF JDBC Connector server definition may include settings for the JDBC driver class name, URL, username, and password. You can also configure connection-specific and session-specific properties in a JDBC server definition.
PXF provides a server template file for each connector; this template identifies the typical set of properties that you must configure to use the connector.
You will configure a server definition for each external data store that Greenplum Database users need to access. For example, if you require access to two Hadoop clusters, you will create a PXF Hadoop server configuration for each cluster. If you require access to an Oracle and a MySQL database, you will create one or more PXF JDBC server configurations for each database.
A server configuration may include default settings for user access credentials and other properties for the external data store. You can allow Greenplum Database users to access the external data store using the default settings, or you can configure access and other properties on a per-user basis. This allows you to configure different Greenplum Database users with different external data store access credentials in a single PXF server definition.
About Server Template Files
The configuration information for a PXF server resides in one or more -site.xml files in $PXF_CONF/servers//.
PXF provides a template configuration file for each connector. These server template configuration files are located in the $PXF_CONF/templates/ directory after you initialize PXF:
gpadmin@gpmaster$ ls $PXF_CONF/templates
adl-site.xml hbase-site.xml jdbc-site.xml s3-site.xml
core-site.xml hdfs-site.xml mapred-site.xml wasbs-site.xml
gs-site.xml hive-site.xml minio-site.xml yarn-site.xml
You specify credentials to PXF in clear text in configuration files.
About the Default Server
PXF defines a special server named default. When you initialize PXF, it automatically creates a $PXF_CONF/servers/default/ directory. This directory, initially empty, identifies the default PXF server configuration. You can configure and assign the default PXF server to any external data source. For example, you can assign the PXF default server to a Hadoop cluster, or to a MySQL database that your users frequently access.
Configuring a Server
When you configure a PXF connector to an external data store, you add a named PXF server configuration for the connector. Among the tasks that you perform, you may:
 4. Fill in appropriate default values for the properties in the template file.
 5. Add any additional configuration properties and values required for your environment.
 6. Configure one or more users for the server configuration as described in About Configuring a PXF User.
 7. Synchronize the server and user configuration to the Greenplum Database cluster.
Note: You must re-sync the PXF configuration to the Greenplum Database cluster after you add or update PXF server configuration.
After you configure a PXF server, you publish the server name to Greenplum Database users who need access to the data store. A user only needs to provide the server name when they create an external table that accesses the external data store. PXF obtains the external data source location and access credentials from server and user configuration files residing in the server configuration directory identified by the server name.
To configure a PXF server, refer to the connector configuration topic:
Configuring a PXF User
You can configure access to an external data store on a per-server, per-Greenplum-user basis.
You configure external data store user access credentials and properties for a specific Greenplum Database user by providing a -user.xml user configuration file in the PXF server configuration directory, $PXF_CONF/servers//. For example, you specify the properties for the Greenplum Database user named bill in the file $PXF_CONF/servers//bill-user.xml. You can configure zero, one, or more users in a PXF server configuration.
The properties that you specify in a user configuration file are connector-specific. You can specify any configuration property supported by the PXF connector server in a -user.xml configuration file.
For example, suppose you have configured access to a PostgreSQL database in the PXF JDBC server configuration named pgsrv1. To allow the Greenplum Database user named bill to access this database as the PostgreSQL user named pguser1, password changeme, you create the user configuration file $PXF_CONF/servers/pgsrv1/bill-user.xml with the following properties:
If you want to configure a specific search path and a larger read fetch size for bill, you would also add the following properties to the bill-user.xml user configuration file:
For each PXF user that you want to configure, you will:
 1. Identify the name of the Greenplum Database user.
 2. Identify the PXF server definition for which you want to configure user access.
 3. Identify the name and value of each property that you want to configure for the user.
 4. Create/edit the file $PXF_CONF/servers//-user.xml, and add the outer configuration block:
 5. Add each property/value pair that you identified in Step 3 within the configuration block in the -user.xml file.
 6. If you are adding the PXF user configuration to previously configured PXF server definition, synchronize the user configuration to the Greenplum Database cluster.
About Configuration Property Precedence
A PXF server configuration may include default settings for user access credentials and other properties for accessing an external data store. Some PXF connectors, such as the S3 and JDBC connectors, allow you to directly specify certain server properties via custom options in the CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE command LOCATION clause. A -user.xml file specifies property settings for an external data store that are specific to a Greenplum Database user.
For a given Greenplum Database user, PXF uses the following precedence rules (highest to lowest) to obtain configuration property settings for the user:
 1. A property that you configure in /-user.xml overrides any setting of the property elsewhere.
 2. A property that is specified via custom options in the CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE command LOCATION clause overrides any setting of the property in a PXF server configuration.
 3. Properties that you configure in the PXF server definition identify the default property values.
These precedence rules allow you create a single external table that can be accessed by multiple Greenplum Database users, each with their own unique external data store user credentials.
Using a Server Configuration
For example, the following command accesses an S3 object store using the server configuration defined in the $PXF_CONF/servers/s3srvcfg/s3-site.xml file:
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE pxf_ext_tbl(name text, orders int)
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE pxf_ext_hdfs(location text, miles int)
A Greenplum Database user who queries or writes to an external table accesses the external data store with the credentials configured for the user. If no user-specific credentials are configured for , the Greenplum user accesses the external data store with the default credentials configured for .


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Northern Kites, the project that brought the red kite back to the North-East of England
Northern Kites was one of the northeast of England's most high profile wildlife initiatives. The aim of the project was to return breeding red kites to the region whilst providing its communities and people with an opportunity to enjoy and appreciate one of the most spectacular elements of our wild heritage.
The Northern Kites Partners worked together to re-introduce red kites to their former breeding range in the north of England, after an absence of 170 years, and provided opportunities for people to see these spectacular birds. This project was a world first in re-introducing kites into a semi-urban environment centred on Gateshead's Derwent Valley.
The Northern Kites Project was managed by:
In partnership with:
With additional funding from:
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text:
A post-friction stir welding heat treatment procedure was developed that reduces abnormal grain growth and restores optimum material properties in heat-treatable aluminum alloys. The innovation is a thermal processing methodology for retaining the fine-grained structure in aluminum alloys subjected to solid-state welding and subsequent forming processes.
Heat treatment of the deformed welds is desirable in order to restore the properties of the alloy negatively affected in the weld region. In these alloys, abnormal grain growth frequently occurs in friction stir welds during solution heat treatment and is known to degrade key materials properties such as strength, ductility, and toughness.
The innovation of inserting an intermediate annealing step reduces abnormal grain growth during post-welding heat treatment, thereby allowing optimum mechanical properties. This is important where Al-Li alloys (and other heat-treatable alloys) are friction stir welded followed by deformation processing. It is especially applicable for high-performance, high-reliability structural components required for aerospace vehicles.