text:
Reference method for measuring the surface tension of chromium electroplating: chapter 5
- 5.1 Samples for surface tension analysis must be taken from solutions at the representative operating temperature of the facility. The solutions should also be agitated for at least 10 minutes before the sample is collected. Agitation of the solution can be done either by conventional mechanical or physical means. Allow any foam (which may be present on the surface of the solution) to dissipate, such that a clear area of solution is present. This allows for collection of a sample without any surface foam being collected in the bottle or pipette. During the sampling process and as the sample is being collected, foam may be created in the bottle or in the pipette, which is acceptable. Note: foam collected from the surface of the solution can interfere with the true surface tension reading of the solution.
- 5.2 Plating solution samples must be collected from at least 30 cm (12 inches) below the surface of the solution.
- 5.2.1 One method to do this is to place a 100 mL or 200 mL pipette below the surface of the solution (to avoid collecting any foam) and collect the sample into the pipette with a bulb. If the sample is collected from below the surface of the solution, then foam is not likely to be present.
- 5.2.2 Once the sample is collected from the tank, do not allow any sample to escape from the pipette and immediately transfer the sample from the pipette to a 200 ml or larger volume beaker.
- 5.2.3 As an alternative to collecting a sample with a pipette, a sample container may be used. With this sampling method, use safety gloves (of sufficient length to protect the wearer) and dip the sampling container under the surface, with the opening of the sample container facing down. Slowly turn the sampling container right side up and pull the container straight up once filled with sample.
- 5.3 Samples for surface tension must not be preserved chemically or physically. If samples are to be sent off-site for surface tension analysis, do not pack them in ice. Ambient cooling of the samples during transit is allowable as long as the samples are not cooled to below 10°C for more than 24 hours. Do not allow the samples to freeze.
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Reserved Properties
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MSBuild Reserved Properties
MSBuild provides a set of reserved properties that store information about the project fille and the MSBuild binaries. These properties are evaluated the same as other MSBuild properties. For example, to use the MSBuildProjectFile property, you would type:
$(MSBuildProjectFile)
The following table describes the MSBuild reserved properties.
Property Description
MSBuildProjectDirectory
The absolute path of the directory where the project file is located, for example, C:\MyCompany\MyProduct.
MSBuildProjectFile
The complete file name of the project file, including the file name extension, for example, MyApp.proj.
MSBuildProjectExtension
The file name extension of the project file, including the period, for example, .proj.
MSBuildProjectFullPath
The absolute path and complete file name of the project file, for example, C:\MyCompany\MyProduct\MyApp.proj.
MSBuildProjectName
The file name of the project file without the file name extension, for example, MyApp.
MSBuildBinPath
The absolute path of the directory where the MSBuild binaries that are currently being used are located, for example, C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\Framework\v2.0. This property is useful if you need to refer to files in the MSBuild directory.
MSBuildProjectDefaultTargets
The complete list of targets specified in the DefaultTargets attribute of the Project element. For example, the following Project element would have an MSBuildDefaultTargets property value of A;B;C.
<Project DefaultTargets="A;B;C" >
MSBuildExtensionsPath
The MSBuild folder under the Program Files directory. This location is a useful place to put custom target files. For example, your targets files could be installed at \Program Files\MSBuild\MyFiles\Northwind.targets and then imported in project files with the following XML.
<Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\MyFiles\Northwind.targets"/>
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DriveWorks Pro 17: Fact [send feedback...]
Fact
This function, when calculated, returns the factorial of the specified number.
Syntax
Fact([Number])
Where:
Number is the number or the reference to a number, that you want to find the factorial.
Examples
Rule
Meaning
Fact(4)The Fact function will multiply the numbers between 1 and 4 together, to obtain the factorial. In this example the Fact function would perform the following calculation:
1 * 2 * 3 * 4
Example Outcomes
Number
Result of the Fact function
424
5.8120
01
Table of Contents


for those born on the 13th. If you were born on the 13th day, Smoky Quartz will help keep you balanced, helping to bring out the most positive qualities of the first digit of your birthday and heal your weaknesses. Smoky Quarts helps you to be satisfied with yourself, always be positive and motivated.
Smoky Quartz is a crystal that can be extracted from Rock Crystal with a completely natural substances in the laboratory. Exactly the same way you can bring Amethyst from a Citrine on a completely natural way. Why is this done? For example, in the Earth's crust, Smoky Quartz is formed by Rock Crystal merging with other elements, so is Citrine formed. In laboratories, they also add other natural elements to the crystal to react.
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text:
On June 26th 2019, over 50 experts came to Bucharest to participate in the International Workshop on Sediment Management Measures. Hosted by National Administration "Romanian Waters", the workshop presented good practices in sediment management in rivers. The main goal of the workshop was to discuss the project recommendations and sediment-related good practice measures together with key players and partners from different sectors of sediment management. The workshop results will flow into the Sediment Manual for Stakeholders and a Guidance document. The DanubeSediment project aims to support both practitioners and policy-makers in developing an innovative approach for transnational sediment management and strengthening inter-institutional collaboration in the Danube River Basin.
For more details please see: Summary - International Stakeholders Workshop on Sediment Management Measures, 26/06/2019, Bucharest

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: © 2022 Elsevier B.V.The UV-absorbing and non-fogging glass coatings containing carbazole-based conjugated backbone with different lengths of hydrophilic PEG subunit (KP-PEG) were produced. The characterizations of the polymers were carried out by using different techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, TGA and DSC. Transmittance and thin-film morphology analyses, which are essential for UV protection and wettability, were investigated by UV–Vis absorption, AFM and TEM techniques, respectively. Transparent thin films prepared by the polymer solutions in chloroform were obtained by spin coating method at a scan rate of 2000 rpm. The wettability performance and antifogging properties of these surfaces were investigated depending on the PEG length in the polymer subunit. The water contact angle of the surfaces was improved to the range between 60° and 29° depending on the amount of PEG group. KP-PEG750 is the best polymer thin film in terms of having the highest roughness, optimum UV absorption and the low contact angle value.


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Government Oversight
Government Oversight and Investigation
The activities of every appointee and agency are subject to review - "oversight and investigation" - by three primary entities: multiple congressional committees, the General Accounting Office, and the agency's Inspector General. While these entities try not to duplicate each other's work, occasionally issues become the target of simultaneous scrutiny by several oversight bodies.
Why should I care about these entities?
While they cannot compel appointees to take specific actions, their findings and recommendations are generally open to the public and the media, they can urge the Congress to address unresolved recommendations through the legislative process, and often they have valuable insights and ideas that can help an official manage more effectively.
Moreover, with limited statutory law enforcement and national security exceptions, these bodies must be provided access to most information from the Executive Branch. Appointees are urged to seek guidance from their General Counsels on any agency exceptions and/or protocols in handling requests from any oversight body.
Questions about relationships with any oversight entity may also be directed to the Office of Management and Budget's Deputy Director for Management or to the OMB Program Associate Director for your agency.
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Why is a gear a wheel?
To make clear, a China gear exporter is not precisely a wheel. When gears and wheels can both of those have round shapes, they serve distinctive features in mechanical units.
A gear is a toothed mechanical ingredient that is designed to mesh with other gears or racks. Gears are largely made use of for electricity transmission, China gear modifying speed, torque, China gear exporter or way of motion. The teeth on the equipment permit it to have interaction with other gears, generating a mechanical edge and transmitting rotational motion.
On the other hand, a wheel is a circular part that facilitates movement and cuts down friction. It is often utilized in conjunction with an axle to assistance and rotate objects, this kind of as in vehicles or machinery. Wheels are typically easy and do not have enamel for meshing with other elements like gears do.
While gears and wheels can equally have round styles, their principal functions and mechanisms of procedure are distinct. Gears are specifically made for electric power transmission and movement handle, while wheels are generally used for offering aid and enabling easy rolling or rotational motion.
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Cycling, running, scuba diving, travel – New Age dads are bonding with their kids through adventure and a spirit of sportsmanship
Did your outdoor pursuits end after the kids arrived? By eliminating activity from your life after fatherhood, you are actually removing the factor most likely to spur you children to grow into healthy adults: you as an example or role model. A study by a non-profit organization found that 75 per cent of kids aged 6 to 12 years, who participate in adventure sports are simply copying their parents. This means your first act as a dad is to walk out of the front door!
No, not the way you think. We are talking adventure. Outdoors. Travel. Life lessons. "Our culture of convenience has come with a hefty price. Children are moving less, spending most of their sitting or lying down, giving raise to multiple mental, physical and social problems," says clinical psychologist Dr Seema Hongorrany. That's where some dads are coming handy.
When fathers spend a good amount of time doing a fun activity with their kids, they are able to draw common memories and experiences, pass a lifetime of learning they possess and set an example by being an active role model.
The trick is to get your child to balance academics with outdoor activities. Time spent outdoors help children reboot before getting back to the usual home-to-school routine. It encourages creativity and willingness to do well.
A recent study titled, Influence of parents' Physical Activity Levels on Activity Levels of Young Children, found that children of active and energetic fathers are 3.5 times more active than children of inactive fathers.
Passing Essential Life Skills
Outdoor activities have much more to teach a child about what it means to live a wholesome life. According to family education study, the most influential factor in a child's emotional health is how involved the father was in the child's care when he was young. Children who have involved fathers are more likely to be emotionally secure, confident about exploring their physical surroundings, and have better social connections. "When a child is around a father who loves being outdoors, the child is likely to be a lot more empathetic. Moreover, it improves their resilience and helps them develop grit, tenacity, perseverance, fairness, integrity and responsibility. It rewires the brain for learning, helps build social intelligence and above all, introduces respect for limits and boundaries. Thus, activity is a matchless opportunity to connect with your children and teach them valuable life skills," adds Hingorrany.
In a digital age, taking children outdoors and letting them learn from nature and their surroundings is not a choice but a necessity. That apart, nature outings and adventure let children become aware of nature and its beauty from an early age. Says Shah, "When the child is walking amid beautiful flora and fauna, they value the beauty of nature a lot more. Nature lets children deal with their fears in a healthy way.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Most of the seafarers especially, the Officers of watch will be aware of TRS or Tropical revolving storm. We have also discussed in detail regarding Tropical Revolving Storm you can read it here. However, as far as this article is concerned, let us look at the signs of a TRS, so…View More What Actions vessel should take to avoid Tropical Revolving Storm?
Tropical Revolving Storm or TRS Tropical Revolving Storm or TRS are intense tropical depressions which develops in tropical latitudes over large sea area. A tropical revolving storm may be defined as a roughly circular atmospheric vortex, originating in the tropics or sub tropics, where in the winds of gale force…View More What is Tropical Revolving Storm or TRS?
Ice at sea can be classified as following types: Sea Ice, formed by the freezing of sea water. Icebergs, huge masses of floating ice. River Ice, sometime encountered in harbours during spring break-up, generally presents only a temporary hindrance to shipping. Sea Ice accounts for most of the ice…View More Ice at Sea


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Joined: 05 Dec 2006 Posts: 171 Location: Seattle, WA
I've been assigned some maintenance work on a very old COBOL program that has the SECTION statement in the Procedure Division and had a few questions about this as the manual isn't very extensive on the topic.
If I remember my classes from 25 years ago correctly, the Section is made up of one or more paragraphs and can they be performed in toto by performing the Section name. In the code below, the Perform statement will perform both paragraphs under S001 until it reaches S002.
Can individual paragraphs within in a Section be performed by themselves, such as Perform S001a-PARA-1A?
The end of a section is either another section or the end of the program, right?


text:
Howison Family Crest, Coat of Arms and Name History
Don't know which Coat of Arms is yours?
We can do a genealogical research. Find out the exact history of your family!Learn More
Origins of Howison:
According to the early recordings of the name, this interesting and unique name listed as Howie, Howey, and the patronymics Howieson, Howison, Howisone, and Huison, this famous Scottish name is perhaps geographical from "The lands of How," a now lost estate in the division of Ayrshire. If so the surname is a member of the ever growing list of surnames of the British Islands that start from old sites which are either no longer around or have probably changed their name. Either way, the advancement is from the old British-Strathclyde word hoh, which pre-dates written history. It shows a clear or deep valley, and from which also advanced the surnames How and Howe. As Howie or Howey, it is a little meaning Little How, the addition of -ie or -y being a famous Scottish and North of England attachment, while Howi(e)son is the patronymic to give the son of Howie. Early examples of the surname records contain as John Howison, a burgess of Edinburgh in 1450, John Howy, a servant of the Lord of Cassilis, who in 1526 was involved in murder. Somewhat less dramatically in 1590, Robert Howie was noted as being the Principal of Marischal College, Aberdeen, while in the year of 1680, Thomas Howieson was the minister of Boleskin in Lanark and was also known as Robert Huison and Robert Houston. Interestingly there is a long culture that name ancestors originally settled from Flemish then to Scotland in the 14th century.
More common variations are: Howieson, Howeison, Howisson, Howson, Hewison, Howeson, Houison, Howisen, Hawison, Howisin.
The origins of the surname Howison appeared in Modlothian where people held a family seat from old times. Someone say better before the success of Normans and the entrance of Duke William at Hastings 1066 A.D.
Many of the people with surname Howison had moved to Ireland during the 17th century.
United States of America:
Individuals with the surname Howison landed in the United States in two different centuries respectively in the 18th, and 20th. Some of the people with the name Howison who arrived in the United States in the 17th century included John Howison, who came to Maryland in the year 1703.
The following century saw more Howison surnames arrive. Some of the people with the surname Howison who arrived in the United States in the 19th century included Morris James Howison at the age of 36, who moved to the United States, in the year 1903. Rudolph M Howison at the age of 44, who landed in America, in the year 1906. Rudolph Meier Howison at the age of 44, who moved to America from Finchley, England, in 1908. Allen M. Howison, who emigrated to America, in 1909. Mary Scott Howison at the age of 32, who settled in America, in the year 1911.
Here is the population distribution of the last name Howison: United States 484; Australia 228; Canada 114; England 113; New Zealand 47; United Arab Emirates 38; Scotland 33; Singapore 2; Netherlands 2; South Africa 2.
Del Howison (born 1953), is an American horror writer. He was born in Detroit, Michigan but moved to Los Angeles to pursue a job in acting; with his distinctive long white hair, he was a natural for low-budget horror films, and has since played the character "Renfield" in four separate seasons (making him the actor who has played this iconic character from Dracula more than any other).
George Holmes Howison (1834–1916) was an American scholar who taught in the philosophy department at the University of California, Berkeley.
John Howison (c.1530–1618), was a Scottish minister.
Ryan Howison (born 1966), is an American golf player.
Blazons & Genealogy Notes
1) (Braehead, co. Midlothian; now represented by Howison Cradfurd, of Craufurdland, co. Ayr, and of Braehead, co. Midlothian). Motto—Sursum corda. Ar. a men's heart gu. on a chief az. three fleurs-de-lis or. Crest—A dexter hand couped apaumee ppr.
2) (Holmfoot, co. Lanark, 1783). Motto—Nulla temerata nube. Same Arms. Crest—An eagle rising ppr.
3) (Ireland). Quarterly, ar. and sa. six roundles counterchanged, three, two, and one. Crest—An antelope pass. gu.


text:
September 10, 2009 | 3
The illegal trade of bushmeat—meat and products made from wildlife—has grown dramatically in the past several years, thanks to high demand, enormous profits, a lack of law enforcement and minimal sentencing for criminals caught trafficking in bushmeat. The worldwide market for these illegal products reached an estimated $5 billion to $8 billion in 2008.
One of the major challenges in combating the bushmeat trade is identifying the source species for the meat and products. Once an animal has been carved up, meat looks like meat and leather looks like leather. How is anyone to know if it came from a species that is protected under national or international law?
A technique called DNA bar coding could be the answer. According to a paper published in the September 1 online edition of the journal Conservation Genetics, DNA bar codes can be used to quickly and clearly distinguish the source species of meat or leather goods for many rare and threatened species.
How would it be employed? Rather than work up a complete genetic profile of organic matter, the authors used DNA bar coding to look at a short region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. The DNA would then be identified in a lab at a low cost, since only the COX1 gene would need to be processed.
The researchers didn't actually examine any endangered species, but they did sequence the bar code region of 25 commonly traded mammals and reptiles, many of which are embargoed from international trade by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
"The species in our study are among the most commercially harvested species in South America and Africa," lead author Mitchell Eaton said in a prepared statement. "They are often partially prepared by the time they get to urban markets, which can make the species identification impossible." Eaton led the research as part of his doctoral research at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
The species examined came from South America and Africa, and included duikers, spiral-horned antelope, red river hogs, old world monkeys, alligators and crocodiles. The DNA sequences generated from this study will be added to the Barcode of Life Data Systems, an online, open-access database of bar codes.
Even though many of the samples they tested had degraded through the leather-making process or due to age, the researchers found they were still able to extract the COX1 sequence in most cases. In their paper, the authors conclude that with minimal effort and simple refinements to existing DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols, "accurate bar code sequence data can be obtained from most wildlife products encountered in bushmeat monitoring programs and wildlife investigations."
"There is consensus on using the same fragment of DNA, COX1, to construct a library of life," said co-author George Amato, director of the Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics at the American Museum of Natural History, in a prepared statement. "This is an example of where new genetic technology can be transformative to society, by using bar codes to catalog the diversity of ecosystems, to monitor invasive species, to search for pathogens in the food supply, and to observe wildlife trafficking for the pet trade and other commercial markets."
This isn't the first time that DNA has been used to help identify wildlife products seized from illegal traders. Last year, Samuel Wasser of the Center for Conservation Biology introduced a genetic method to trace the origin of poached ivory. Earlier this year, research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences recommended a set of standards for the DNA bar coding of plants.
Image: leather products on display in a craft market in Brazzaville, Congo. (Credit: Mitchell Eaton)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
By Al Lodwick
Read Online or Download Bald Eagles: Studies For Wildlife Artists PDF
Best art history books
During this radical and wide-ranging reassessment of Renaissance paintings, Jerry Brotton and Lisa Jardine research the ways that eu tradition got here to outline itself culturally and aesthetically within the years 1450 to 1550. taking a look outwards for affirmation of who they have been and of what outlined them as 'civilized', Europeans encountered the returning gaze of what we now name the East, particularly the robust Ottoman Empire of Mehmed the Conqueror and Süleyman the significant.
The Pleasures of the mind's eye examines the delivery and improvement of English "high tradition" within the eighteenth century. It charts the expansion of a literary and creative global fostered via publishers, theatrical and musical impresarios, photo buyers and auctioneers, and offered to th public in coffee-houses, live performance halls, libraries, theatres and enjoyment gardens.
"In der Menge der Forschungen und Betrachtungen über die Kunst - die Kunst in dem weiten Sinne, der nicht nur die bildenden Künste in ihren verschiedenen Verzweigungen, sondern alle Arten des ästhetischen Schaffens umfasst - lassen sich zwei Richtungen unterscheiden, welche guy als die kunsthistorische und die kunstphilosophische bezeichnen kann.
Natural world artists face an issue in depicting fleeting moments akin to facial expressions, postures and flight. This e-book is designed to beat these difficulties and get each feather "just right". as well as being the emblem of the USA, Bald Eagles are one of many favourite matters for flora and fauna artists.
- Edges of Empire: Orientalism and Visual Culture (New Interventions in Art History)
- Visual Language of Wabanaki Art, The (American Heritage)
- Sehrengiz, Urban Rituals and Deviant Sufi Mysticism in Ottoman Istanbul
- Art and the Augustinian Order in Early Renaissance Italy (Church, Faith and Culture in the Medieval West)
Extra info for Bald Eagles: Studies For Wildlife Artists
Bald Eagles: Studies For Wildlife Artists by Al Lodwick


Understanding The Effects Moonlight On SwordfishingUnderstanding The Effects Moonlight On Swordfishing
In order to better understand why swordfish concentrate their feeding habits in certain depths on any given night or why the bite is better during different times of the month requires you to better understand how the effects of moonlight influence swordfish.
Before you can understand how moonlight affects swordfish, you must understand the moon and its phases. The moon revolves around the earth in 27 days. The first phase of the moon at the beginning of its new revolution is what we call the ?New Moon?. The new moon is when the moons face is in the shadow of the earth causing the moon to reflect no light and look dark to us. A week after the ?new moon? the moon will be in its first quarter, meaning that one quarter of the moons total surface is reflecting light back to earth. Since we only see 50% of the moons surface, when the moon is in its first quarter it is actually referred to as a half moon by many of us since one half of the moons face is reflecting light. One week after the first quarter the moon will be full, and the whole face of the moon which is visible to us will be reflecting light. One week after the Full Moon and again the moon will appear as half since it will be in its last quarter. One week after the last quarter the moon will have completed its lunar cycle and be a ?New Moon? again.
Now, if we look back to our past swordfish trips and our catch statistics we would see patterns for a few nights when all bites were at depths greater than 200?. And we would also see a pattern for a couple nights when all bites were at depths less than 100?. These changes are a direct effect from the amounts moonlight which was present during these patterns. We know swordfish are predatory species feeding on concentrations of squid and mackerel which are both diurnal species, meaning that during the bright daylight hours they stay in the deeper darker depths of the ocean and as daylight diminishes and night falls they rise to the shallower depths. Now, moonlight plays a role in where the concentrations of the bait will be congregating. For example, during a full moon, since much of the moonlight is shining through the oceans surface, the bright moonlight will cause the bait to stay deeper in the water column. Conversely, during a new moon with virtually no moonlight breaking the oceans surface the bait will congregate in shallower depths closer to the surface.
Of course, we should always have a bait in both the deeper and shallower part of the water column no matter what moon phase we are in, just in case there is swordfish wandering. Although, the brightness of the moon is an extremely good indication of what depth the majority of the swordfish bites we will be. During nights when the moon is full and bright the majority of baits should be fished deeper in the water column.
Tightlines,
by Vinnie LaSorsa
References and Bibliography
Captain Vinnie La Sorsa Swordfishing & OffShore Charters.
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The Rhetoric of Art and Commerce
A guide to resources for PWR 2JP: The Rhetoric of Art and Commerce. Course topics include: how consumer culture influences the work of the artist-and vice versa; how art and a market economy overlap; aesthetics, communication, sex, violence, and selling out. This research guide broadly covers the research process from researching refernce materials for broad subject reading to database searching for articles.
Listed below are Library of Congress subject terms, which search only the subject field(s) of the Searchworks catalogue. You can refine your results by using the limiting facets with the left frame. Narrow by SUL (Stanford University Libraries) location, publication year, language, etc.
- Advertising - Psychological Aspects
- Art (Media OR Consumer OR Advertising OR Marketing)/Social Sciences
- Body Language
- Commerce United States
- Consumer Behavior
- Consumption Economics
- Discourse Analysis
- Internet Marketing
- Nonverbal Communication
- Popular Culture
- Persuasion (Psychology)
- Persuasive Communication


text:
After second MN cold weather drinking-related incident, UND examines dangers, student safetyTwo incidents involving Minnesota college students found outdoors in sub-zero temperatures in recent days have alerted officials to the dangers of drinking and cold weather. One student died. The other may lose her hands. The incidents have led people to examine student safety at the University of North Dakota during cold weather.
By: Adam Ladwig, WDAZ


-25 as before.
reader Ramanujan said...
Dear Lubos, Thank you for your answer. Now suppose that instead of being put back to sleep, after a minute she is simply told, 'it's T/t'. So in the other three cases, it is exactly the same as the previous modified protocol, she gains the same information after one minute.
So, if she is told (which is 1/4 of the time), then it's 100% that it is T/t. If she is not told (3/4) then it's 50% that it is M/t and 25% each that it is M/h and T/h. This seems to give a total probability of.25*1 +.75*.5 =.625 that she is in one of the tails cases. The thirder calculation would give.25*1 +.75*.333 =.5.
reader Luboš Motl said...
What you wrote was meant to be
P(tails) = P(toldTT) P(tails|toldTT) + P(notToldTT) P(tails|notToldTT)
wasn't it? But this formula makes no sense because it doesn't express her subjective probability of "tails" at any single well-defined moment, neither by objective time nor by subjective time.
You're summing probabilities at "a" moment when she's told something with "a" moment when she's not told something, and these are not mutually exclusive because assuming "tails", she is both told (on Tuesday) and not told (on Monday).


text:
Weigh to go: UAE students take flight in zero gravity
MBRSC competition winners experience zero gravity 30,000 feet above the ground in specially modified Boeing 727
Daring students swapped the UAE for the US to take part a zero gravity flight 30,000 feet above the ground.
A total of 20 space enthusiasts were chosen by the Mohammad bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) to take part in a parabolic flight to test their experiments 30,000 feet above the ground on Zero Gravity Corporation's Weightless Research Lab in Orlando, Florida.
The flight took place in a specially modified Boeing 727.
UAE students, aged 16 and over, were eligible to contact the MBRSC from May to July 2018, with details about what excited them most about zero gravity and why they should be chosen for the project.
The organisation selected the students who showed "a serious passion for space and an understanding of precious research done on the International Space Station".
"The Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) spares no effort to encourage youth to engage in national space programmes," said Adnan Al Rais, Mars 2117 Project Manager at MBRSC.
"Our space programmes aim to prepare and train youth to serve national strategies and initiatives for space exploration."
These include the Mars 2117 Strategy, which aims to establish the first inhabitable human settlement on Mars by 2117.
"The MBRSC cooperates with international entities to move forward with the ambitious programmes that have established the UAE's position among leading countries that invest in space," said Mr Al Rais.
"Working with the UAE Mars 2117 Initiative has shown us the impact our Weightless Research Lab is having across the world," said Terese Brewster, CEO of Zero Gravity Corporation
"The UAE ZERO-G programme embraces space education by making access to microgravity research a possibility for students."
The Zero Gravity Corporation is a privately held space entertainment and tourism company whose mission is to make the experience of being in space accessible to the public.
Research flights are conducted twice a year with universities, corporations and private organisations looking for a microgravity test platform.
Updated: October 12, 2018 12:25 PM


text:
select "Element" and then click on "Letter a frame."
After that, simply select the letters you want to use and then click and drag them onto the designated area on the page.
4. Set Transparency Level
You need to first highlight all the letters you want to modify the transparency of. Once selected, navigate to the transparency settings and adjust it to 35%.
5. Download in PNG Format
To download it in PNG format, click on the "Download" button and select "PNG" as the file format.
6. Upload Your New PNG Image
Click on the "Uploads" tab located on the left-hand side of the screen, and then select the PNG file from your computer to add it to your Canva account.
7. Click on Add Image to Drag New File
You will be able to add a new page by clicking on "Add Page". Then, you can drag this newly created page and place it onto the uploaded PNG file.
8. Tap Edit Image for Background Remove
Click on the "Edit image" option located at the top of the block. This will open up the image editor, where you can make changes to the image as needed.
Select the "Background Remover" tool and patiently wait for approximately five seconds while the software processes your image and removes the background. Then, hit "Apply."
By following the steps, you can make gradient text easily.
How to Make a Gradient in Canva on Text With a Phone
Now, with a phone, you can learn how to make a gradient in Canva on text.
1. Access the Canva Dashboard
To begin, please navigate to the Canva dashboard and locate the icon shaped like a plus sign, which can be found in the lower-right section of your screen. By tapping on this icon, you can access various options for creating new designs or projects within Canva.
2. Click the Facebook Post Option
Please click or select the "Facebook Post" template option on your screen.
3. Go to the Photos Option and Type Gradient
To proceed with the task, you need to click on the "+" icon once more, which should take you to a menu of options. From there, you must select the option for "photos" and then search for the term "Gradient" to find the relevant images.
Locate the desired gradient image on your Canva workspace. Once you find it, hit on it to select it. Then, using your mouse or trackpad, drag your gradient image to the entire template you're working with.
4. Click the "Text" option to Add the Text
The next step is to input the text that you want to incorporate the gradient on to achieve the desired effect. This involves placing the text in the designated area where you intend to use the gradient effect.
Locate the "+" icon and click on it. Next, look for the "Text" icon, which will open a text editor panel with various text styles and fonts.
Choose the text style you want to use, whether it be a heading or subheading.
Now select a font from the options available. Canva offers a wide range of fonts to choose from, so take your time to pick one that suits your design.
After choosing the font, Add the text to the picture.
Then, click on the edges of the text box and drag them to the appropriate size.
Click on the text box and write the desired words. You can also make any additional formatting changes or adjustments as necessary.
You currently have a font and a gradient. The next step is to incorporate the gradient into the text.
5. Change Text Color to Set Transparency
Alter the color of the text to white. You can adjust the transparency of the text by selecting the text box and adjusting the transparency level to 40%.
6. Download in PNG Format
Save the image in a PNG format.
7. Create New Canva Template
Now create a new blank template.
8. Upload Your New PNG File
Now, you need to click on the "+" icon, followed by selecting your recently created PNG file from the "Uploads" section. Once you have uploaded the PNG file, use the resizing option to adjust its size until it fits perfectly.
9. Remove Background
Choose the Effects option and then click on "Background Remover." Wait for the process to complete.
At this point, you learned how to make a gradient in canva on text displayed on the white background. The remaining actions require you to modify the text to enhance the gradient's intensity.
10. Crop Your Text and Use Adjust Feature
You must crop your text, click on the Adjust option in the toolbar and utilize the sliders to modify the colors of the text.
We covered how to make a gradient background in Canva through various steps. Also, you can use some Draw elements in your design.
Various Gradient Elements to Use
Here are some gradient options that you can use in Canva:
Linear gradient: This kind of gradient produces a seamless change between two or more colors in a straight line. You can adjust the angle and direction of the gradient to suit your design.
Radial gradient: This gradient starts from the center of the object and radiates outward. It creates a circular effect and is often used to create a spotlight or highlight effect.
Angular gradient: This gradient creates a color transition around the object in a circular direction. You can adjust the starting and ending angles to create a custom effect.
Diamond gradient: This gradient creates a diamond-shaped color transition around the object. You can adjust the size and position of the diamond to create a custom effect.
Layered gradient: This gradient creates a multi-layered effect, where each layer has a different color. You can adjust the opacity and position of each layer to create a unique design.
Noise gradient: This gradient creates a random noise effect, where the colors are randomly distributed across the object. You can adjust the size and intensity of the noise to create a custom effect.
Conical gradient: This gradient creates a cone-shaped color transition around the object. You can adjust the position and angle of the cone to create a unique effect.
In conclusion, knowing how to make a gradient in Canva is a valuable skill that can take your designs to the next level. You can make stunning gradients that give depth and character to your design by following these simple instructions.
If you still have some questions, you can watch this YouTube video on how to make a gradient in Canva.
So whether you're a graphic design novice or a seasoned pro, mastering how to make a gradient in Canva is a skill that can enhance your creativity and help you create designs that truly stand out.
How to do a custom gradient on Canva?
To create a custom gradient on Canva, click on the object you want to apply the gradient to, select the Fill option in the top toolbar, and then choose the Gradient option. From there, you can customize your gradient by selecting colors and adjusting the gradient slider.
How to do a gradient fade on Canva?
To do a gradient fade on Canva, select the object or text you want to apply the gradient fades to, then click on the Fill option in the toolbar. From there, select the Gradient option and adjust the sliders to create your desired fade effect.
Is there a gradient tool in Canva?
Yes, Canva has a gradient tool that allows you to create beautiful color transitions in your designs. The gradient tool can be found in the color panel and can be applied to various elements in your design, such as text, shapes, and backgrounds.


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Precision Angle Sensor Unit for Construction Machinery 972782
Small swing-radius hydraulic excavators are often used in narrow construction areas, especially in cities. Operators are required to control the movement of the machine very accurately so as not to damage utility wires, trees, advertising signs, gas lines, underground electric wiring, water mains, and so on. The excavators are designed to warn the operator or stop completely when the machine comes close to a known hazard. To perform this function, the machine must be able to accurately monitor the location of the bucket and boom.
Angle sensors are put on the joints of the arms and boom to monitor their angles. The bucket position can be calculated with the sensor outputs. Accuracy and rigidity are the most important features for these sensors. Additionally they must be rugged enough to survive in a severe construction environment.
The sensor unit has a potentiometer with +/-0.5% independent linearity. It is directly attached to the shaft end which is supported by two pre-loaded precision ball bearings. This arrangement allows little displacement between the brush and resistor of the potentiometer. Because of this feature, this unit can measure the angles accurately and safely under severe operating conditions. The sensor and other components are combined inside a heavy duty cast housing.
Many tests have been conducted in order to confirm the performance of this unit. Tests include: endurance test under high or low temperatures, and accuracy under shock load, vibration, dust and water.
This paper introduces the unique features of the unit and test results.


text: The problem of finding the optimal roadway segment configuration for road-based surveillance technologies to estimate route travel times accurately is addressed. This problem is inherently a space discretization problem regardless of which travel time estimation function is used. Its ad hoc solution is the equidistant segment configuration, such as every half mile or every 1 mi. It is shown that the space discretization problem can be expressed as the common clustering problem. The novelty of the proposed approach is the use of preliminary vehicle trajectory data to obtain statistically significant traffic regime at the study route. Clustering of sample space-time trajectory data is proposed as a viable methodology for solving the optimal roadway segment configuration problem.


take the average value of the pixel itself plus each of its eight neighbors (nine values in total):
let newValue [rows][cols]
 (image: [rows][cols]f32, row: i32, col: i32): f32 =
 unsafe
 let sum =
 image[row-1,col-1] + image[row-1,col] + image[row-1,col+1] +
 image[row, col-1] + image[row, col] + image[row, col+1] +
 image[row+1,col-1] + image[row+1,col] + image[row+1,col+1]
 in sum / 9f32
The function call newValue(image, row, col) computes the new value for the pixel at position (row, col) in image.
The alert reader will have noticed that newValue cannot be applied to pixels on the edge of the image - doing so would result in out-of-bounds accesses to the image array. We will take care to only call the newValue function with safe indices, but the Futhark compiler is sadly not yet smart enough to realise this - thus we are forced to use the unsafe keyword to prevent the insertion of bounds checks that would otherwise hinder parallelisation. If we did not use unsafe, the Futhark compiler would fail with an error message pointing at the problematic array access.
Now we can write the actual stencil function, which applies newValue to every inner element of a colour channel array. The edges are left unchanged:
let blurChannel [rows][cols]
 (channel: [rows][cols]f32): [rows][cols]f32 =
 map (\row ->
 map(\col ->
 if row > 0 && row < rows-1 && col > 0 && col < cols-1
 then newValue(channel, row, col)
 else channel[row,col])
 (0...cols-1))
 (0...rows-1)
You may have heard that branches are expensive on a GPU. While this is a good basic rule of thumb, what is actually expensive is branch divergence - that is, when neighboring threads take different paths through a branch. In our stencil, only the edge elements will take the false branch, and these are few in number compared to the interior.
Stencil computations usually have an outer (sequential) loop for applying the stencil several times. Our program is no different - we will apply the blurring transformation a user-defined number of times. The more iterations we run, the more blurred the image will become:
let main [rows][cols]
 (iterations: i32, image: [rows][cols][3]u8): [rows][cols][3]u8 =
 let (rs, gs, bs) = splitIntoChannels(image)
 let (rs, gs, bs) = loop (rs, gs, bs) for i < iterations do
 let rs = blurChannel(rs)
 let gs = blurChannel(gs)
 let bs = blurChannel(bs)
 in (rs, gs, bs)
 in combineChannels(rs, gs, bs)
Our main function is quite simple. We split the input image into three different channels, use a sequential loop to blur each colour channel the requested number of times, then recombine the resulting channel arrays into a single final image.
The Futhark loop construct merits an explanation: in the above function, we declare three loop variant variables, rs, gs, and bs. These take their initial values from the incidentally identically named variables in scope (but this is not in general requirement). The loop body then returns three values that become the values of the loop variant variables in the next iteration of the loop. In essence, the loop construct is just syntactical suger for a particularly simple (but common) pattern of tail-recursive function. However, the Futhark compiler is able to perform transformations involving loops that it cannot for recursive functions (although it does not perform any such for this simple program).
The three separate calls to blurChannel may seem wasteful, but the Futhark compiler is smart enough to fuse them together into a single GPU kernel that traverses the three colour channel arrays simultaneously. This is an instance of horisontal fusion.
Our Futhark program is now done. The full commented source code is located here: blur.fut. We can make it a little more useful by writing a small Python wrapper program for reading and writing PNGs: blur-png.py. We must compile blur.fut using the PyOpenCL backend:
$ futhark-pyopencl --library blur.fut
This produces a Python module blur.py which is then imported by blur-png.py. We can try it out on any PNG image, say, this illustration of the spirit of Futhark:
$ python blur-png.py gottagofast.png --output-file gottagofast-blurred.png
Which produces this slightly smushed image. We can also ask for a hundred iterations:
$ python blur-png.py gottagofast.png --output-file gottagofast-blurred.png --iterations 100
Which produces this blurry mess. Notice the edges - perhaps simply keeping them unchanged is not the best way to implement image blurring. Still, this program is a decent description of how to implement stencils in Futhark. For performance measurements on a slightly more complicated stencil, see HotSpot on the performance page.
Projects using Futhark
The majority of written Futhark code is probably still Futhark's own test and benchmark suites. However, there are some programs that have been written in Futhark because it was a good tool for the job, and not just to test the compiler. A possibly incomplete list:
Futcam is an application that applies stacks of interactively configurable filters to a webcam stream. Futhark is used to implement the filters.
tail2futhark is not written in Futhark itself, but is a code generator that produces Futhark, and serves as a component in an APL-to-GPU compilation pipeline. There is a blog post with more details.
Diving Beet is a falling sand game, which is a kind of simple particle simulator toy. Its main purpose is to produce pretty effects. There is a blog post with details and a video.
Futracer is a fairly slow brute-force ray tracer written in Futhark.


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I am trying to create a 'confirmation code' for every user account created on my website and storing it in the db along with their personal information. As you can see in the example below, I tried to generate a random string factoring in the time variable, however, the string is unneccessarily long.
I would like the string to be shorter than the one produced by
md5 I was wondering if there is a relatively easy way to generate 10 digit (max) alphanumeric string that has an extremely low collision rate?
What I tried:
md5(mt_rand(10000,99999).time(). '_EMAIL_');


WHY IS THE BLUE RIVER BLUE?
WHY IS THE BLUE RIVER, BLUE? In a study conducted by the University of Costa Rica and the National University, they determined the reason for the color of the blue river (Rio Celeste). In this research, it is ruled out that the color of Rio Celeste is due to an optical phenomenon, rather than a chemical phenomenon. What happens in the blue river is produced by a series of minerals


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Public Health Emergency - Leading a Nation Prepared
For the Healthcare Coalition to be immediately available to conduct response actions in a no-notice, sudden onset emergency, two functions must be continuously operational even during times of non-response: 1) the ability to rapidly receive information and notify Coalition members of an emergency, and 2) a decision-making process to determine whether additional Healthcare Coalition actions are necessary.
The manner in which these functions are addressed may vary from one Coalition to another. What does not vary is the need for a continuous baseline capability to conduct these two functions so they are operational at the outset of any incident. The authors of this handbook propose two entities to help the Coalition maintain readiness for immediate response: Healthcare Coalition Notification Center and Healthcare Coalition Duty Officer. These functions constitute the baseline operations of the Healthcare Coalition and may be conducted at minimal expense and burden to the Coalition.
The Healthcare Coalition Notification Center provides notifications (both initial and ongoing) to Coalition member organizations regarding an emergency. It may also notify Jurisdictional Agencies (Tier 3) about a developing situation within a healthcare organization. The information that prompts notifications may originate within the healthcare community, public sector authorities, or other sources (e.g., the media). The Notification Center's roles and responsibilities include:
To accomplish these roles, the following requirements are proposed for the Healthcare Coalition Notification Center:
The authors use the word "center" to emphasize that this should be a physical location with the ability to perform these critical functions. At the same time, the Healthcare Coalition Notification Center typically should not be an expensive, stand-alone facility dedicated only to this purpose. To promote cost-effectiveness, the Healthcare Coalition Notification Center may best be collocated at an already continuously staffed facility that can meet the information and communications requirements noted above. For example, a private ambulance dispatch center has been successfully used for this purpose in several Coalitions. Healthcare facilities that operate as the regional hospital resource have also performed this function. Alternatively, Coalitions may use an established public sector resource, such as a municipal communications center, for this function; however, the Coalition must be able to access these systems when needed and not just when the public sector has declared an emergency.
An alternate Coalition Notification Center should be identified so these functions can be maintained if the primary center is affected by a hazard impact or if the center's other responsibilities during a disaster prevent it from performing Coalition activities. Backup centers must be able to perform the same functions as the primary center. To maintain this backup capability, the alternate site may intermittently assume the role of the primary Notification Center during baseline operations.
This position operates the Coalition Notification Center and monitors baseline information 24/7 for any health-related anomalies that might signal the need for a response by the Healthcare Coalition. The Coalition may establish protocols to help the technician identify incident parameters that require immediate notification to Coalition member organizations and the Coalition's Duty Officer. When initial incident information does not clearly indicate the need for a notification, the technician contacts the Coalition's Duty Officer (see below) to further discuss whether a notification is required. These procedures are described in greater detail in Chapter 3.
Personnel serving as the Coalition Notification Center Technician should have the following qualifications:
The technician position must be staffed 24/7; however, it may be performed by a trained and qualified professional whose primary job is private sector EMS dispatch, poison center operations, or other position that is always immediately available. It is important to identify a backup for this position so notifications to the Coalition can be maintained despite a surge in other duties.
This on-call position must be available for initial consultation to the Notification Center Technician, to Coalition members, and to jurisdictional authorities (Tier 3) as the representative of the Healthcare Coalition. The Duty Officer serves as the Coalition's liaison to Jurisdictional Agencies during the initial stages of an incident and may contact Jurisdictional Agencies to obtain relevant information about an incident to share with the Coalition member organizations.
Potential responsibilities of the Duty Officer include:
Personnel staffing the Healthcare Coalition Duty Officer position should have the following qualifications:
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text:
Podcasts & RSS Feeds
Most Active Stories
Thu September 1, 2011
Kids make music about their lives & struggles
A program based out of Flint teaches kids the fundamentals of songwriting and music production. But the songs kids write are not your typical bubble-gum pop. The program is a professional music studio that travels to schools and community centers in Flint, Grand Rapids, and Kalamazoo. It's called Studio on the Go.
Kids use computers and keyboards to make music and beats and then they write lyrics about their lives, and finally record the songs. Kids are given a topic to write about, like "education," "making it" and "family." The idea is to steer away from stuff kids hear on the radio and to instead write their own songs. The content must be positive and no swearing is allowed.
The results are songs about their personal struggles along with heartfelt tributes. Some kids sing about what it's like to have someone they love die or to have a family member in jail. Instructors say the kids learn a combination of technical skills along with life skills.


+ ( 1 cos 2 ( θ XZ ) ) | ϒ | 2 Θ + ( 1 cos 2 ( θ X ϒ ) ) | Z | 2 Θ
where the definitions of f FIM 1, f FIM 2 and f FIM 3 are obvious. We also define the auxiliary cost function:
f ( CRB ) = f FIM 1 + f FIM 2 + f FIM 3 = 1 | X | 2 + 1 | ϒ | 2 + 1 | Z | 2
Consider, now, the problem of minimizing f*(CRB) by proper choice of αi, βi and ri; i = 1, 2,…, n, and let α i , β i and r i ; i = 1, 2,…, n be a minimizing solution. Let X*, ϒ* and Z* be the corresponding vectors in ℜ2n . Suppose also that the corresponding angles, θ X ϒ , θ XZ and θ ϒ Z , satisfy:
cos ( θ X ϒ ) = cos ( θ XZ ) = cos ( θ ϒ Z ) = 0
Then, as it will be shown next, α i , β i and r i ; i = 1, 2,…, n also minimize Equation (18). To see this, consider each of the three functions in Equation (18) independently. Take, for example, the function, f FIM 1. Clearly, if the angles, θ X ϒ , θ XZ and θ ϒ Z , are equal to k· π/2, where k is any odd natural number, then they satisfy Equation (20), and the above function takes the value, f FIM 1 = 1 / | X | 2. We now show that this is its minimum possible value. In fact, suppose that a smaller value can be obtained, which clearly requires that:
( 1 cos 2 ( θ ϒ Z ) ) Θ < 1
The above inequality is equivalent to:
0 < 2 cos ( θ ϒ Z ) cos ( θ XZ ) cos ( θ X ϒ ) cos 2 ( θ XZ ) cos 2 ( θ X ϒ )
Notice, however, that because: cos2 (θXZ) + cos2 (θ) ≥ 2 cos (θXZ) cos (θ) and 0 ≤ |cos (θϒZ)| ≤ 1, it follows that
cos 2 ( θ XZ ) + cos 2 ( θ X ϒ ) 2 cos ( θ ϒ Z ) cos ( θ XZ ) cos ( θ X ϒ )
which contradicts Equation (22). Therefore:
( 1 cos 2 ( θ ϒ Z ) ) Θ 1
and its minimum value of one is obtained when all the angles are equal to k · π/2, with k being an odd natural number. By applying the same reasoning to the other terms in the trace of the CRB in Equation (18), it follows, under the assumptions stated, that the optimal FIM is a diagonal matrix, that is:
FIM = ( XX X ϒ XZ X ϒ ϒ ϒ ϒ Z XZ ϒ Z ZZ ) = i = 1 n [ A i 0 0 0 B i 0 0 0 C i ]
with:
A i = sin 2 ( α i ) r i 2 cos 2 ( β i ) σ 2 ( 1 + η r i γ ) 2 + sin 2 ( β i ) cos 2 ( α i ) r i 2 σ 2 ( 1 + η r i γ ) 2 B i = cos 2 ( α i ) r i 2 cos 2 ( β i ) σ 2 ( 1 + η r i γ ) 2 + sin 2 ( β i ) s 2 ( α i ) r i 2 σ 2 ( 1 + η r i γ ) 2 C i = cos 2 ( β i ) r i 2 σ 2 ( 1 + η r i γ ) 2
With the above assumption on the general form that the simplified FIM matrix will take, we now introduce a simple general procedure to derive conditions for optimal sensor placement that lend themselves to clear geometric interpretations. To this effect, define A = i = 1 n A i, B = i = 1 n B i, C = i = 1 n C i. With this notation, the problem at hand can be converted into that of computing:
p ¯ = arg min p ¯ tr ( CRB ) = arg min p ¯ tr ( FIM 1 ) = arg min p ¯ ( 1 A + 1 B + 1 C )
where p ¯ = [ p 1 T , , p n T ] T and * are the optimal sensor positions expressed in spherical coordinates, that is, P i T = [ α i , β i , r i ]. Notice that the sensor positions, * , must satisfy the additional constraint imposed by inequality (20), i.e., the angles, θXY, θxz and θYZ must be equal to k · π/2, for some odd natural number, k, which, as explained, makes the off-diagonal elements of Equation (24) equal to zero.
Formally, the conditions that an optimal sensor configuration must satisfy may now be obtained by computing the derivatives of Equation (25) with respect to αi, βi and ri; i = 1, 2,…, n and equating them to zero. The candidate solutions must also satisfy Equation (20). This will naturally yield multiple optimal sensor configurations for single target positioning if no extra constraints are placed on the sensor configuration. To make the problem tractable, it is, therefore, important to impose configuration constraints rooted in operational considerations. In what follows, the methodology adopted is illustrated with two representative design examples: (i) first, by considering that the sensors are restricted to lie at the same distance from the target, that is, ri = r for all i = 1,⋯, n; and (ii) second, by considering that the sensors are restricted to lie in a horizontal plane, i.e., qzpiz = qz, where qz is the target depth and piz = 0. The latter example captures the very important situation where the sensors are placed at the sea surface. The procedure adopted can, of course, be used to deal with other types of constraints on sensor placement.
5. Sensors Placed at a Fixed Distance from the Target
This section shows how the incorporation of physical or mission-related constraints on the positions of the sensors leads to a methodology to determine a solution to the optimal sensor placement that eschews tedious computations and lends itself to a simple geometric interpretation. To this effect, we consider the situation where all the sensors are placed on a sphere centered at the target position, that is, the distances from the sensors to the target are equal. With this assumption, ri = r; i = 1,⋯, n, where r is the radius of the sphere. In this case, the diagonal elements of the optimal Fisher Information Matrix Equation (24) can be written as:
A = 1 r 2 σ 2 ( 1 + η r γ ) 2 i = 1 n ( sin 2 ( α i ) cos 2 ( β i ) + sin 2 ( β i ) cos 2 ( α i ) ) = Γ A B = 1 r 2 σ 2 ( 1 + η r γ ) 2 i = 1 n ( cos 2 ( α i ) cos 2 ( β i ) + sin 2 ( β i ) sin 2 ( α i ) ) = Γ B C = 1 r 2 σ 2 ( 1 + η r γ ) 2 i = 1 n cos 2 ( β i ) = Γ C
where Γ = 1 r 2 σ 2 ( 1 + η r γ ) 2 is constant and the same for all sensors in the formation, and A*, B*, C* are defined in the obvious manner. With the notation introduced, the problem of optimal sensor placement can be cast in the form of finding a vector, * such that:
p ¯ = arg min p ¯ tr ( CRB ) = arg min p ¯ ( 1 A + 1 B + 1 C )
It is important to notice that for this scenario, the optimal solutions corresponding to constant or distance-dependent measurement noise covariances are identical. In fact, the solutions depend only on the azimuth and elevation angles of each sensor with respect to the target location, and the distance between the target and sensors does not affect the solutions (distance is the constraint parameter). This fact does not hold true in the practical scenario of surface sensor networks, as will be shown in Section 6, where the optimal solutions depend explicitly on the range distances between the target and sensors and on the noise model. At this point, the derivatives of Equation (27) with respect to αi and βi must be computed and equated to zero. Straightforward manipulations yield:
( tr ( CRB ) ) α i = 2 cos ( α i ) sin ( α i ) ( 1 cos 2 ( β i ) sin 2 ( β i ) ) ( A 2 B 2 ) = 0
( tr ( CRB ) ) β i = 2 sin ( β i ) ( ( sin 2 ( α i ) cos 3 ( β i ) + cos ( β i ) cos 2 ( α i ) ) 1 A 2 + 1 B 2 ( cos 2 ( α i ) cos 3 ( β i ) + cos ( β i ) sin 2 ( α i ) ) ( cos ( β i ) C 2 ) ) = 2 sin ( β i ) Φ = 0
where the definition of Φ is clear from the context. By examining Equations


text:
from URL: _URL_
The experiments of Bertka and Fei give us one possible picture of the interior of Mars. In this picture, the uppermost mantle of Mars consists of olivine and pyroxene, with a small amount of garnet (shaded green). These are fairly common minerals on Earth, the other planets, the Moon, and asteroids. However, at a depth of about 1100 km, the olivine begins to convert to a more dense form, called gamma-spinel, without changing its chemical composition. The conversion is complete by 1300 km. Along with the conversion of olivine to a spinel crystal structure, garnet and pyroxene convert to a mineral called majorite, which has a crystal structure like garnet, but is close to pyroxene in chemical composition (shaded yellow). At higher pressures, hence deeper, there is a relatively abrupt transition at 1850 km (shaded black) to a mixture of perovskite (itself a mixture chemically of MgSiO3 and FeSiO3) and magnesiowustite (a mixture of FeO and MgO). The metallic core (shaded gray) begins at about 2000 km depth and continues to the center at a depth of 3390 km.


text:
The sustainable food agenda has always been important at Oxford Brookes. We recognise the importance of providing healthy food. As well as the environmental, economic and social impacts surrounding food systems.
Gather & Gather, our catering partners, were awarded 3 stars in the Sustainable Restaurant Association 'Food Made Good' program for their commitments to sustainability.
Key contract drivers are to promote healthy and sustainable food options at Brookes. This includes:
- actively sourcing locally grown produce
- promoting seasonal foods
- maintaining sustainable food and animal welfare accreditations such as Fairtrade
- reducing waste across the offering
- delivering greenhouse gas emission reductions.
We are proud to be a Fairtrade University. This enables us to make a positive contribution to developing countries by:
- offering better prices
- providing decent working conditions
- providing local sustainability and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers.
We also work closely with 'Good Food Oxford' and are signatories to the 'Good Food Oxford Pledge'. We aim to catalyse actions by individuals and organisations that promote a healthy, fair, ethical and environmentally sustainable food system in and around Oxford. And we encourage our community to get involved in local projects.
In line with the latest research we are moving away from a vegan framing approach. This means that Instead of a separate vegan catering outlet, we will embed vegan and vegetarian offerings across all our menus.


text:
Model Development Code for Small Cities
First published in 1999, Oregon's Model Development Code and User's Guide for Small Cities ("Model Code") has been used widely around Oregon. The TGM Program developed the model in response to numerous requests for assistance from Oregon communities. Small cities wanted consistent guidance and technical expertise in zoning, development standards, review procedures, and implementation of state planning rules and statutes.
In developing the model code, now in its Third Edition (2012), the TGM Program worked with a statewide advisory committee consisting of city officials, planning commissioners, state and regional planning agency representatives, and land use advocates, and business representatives.


10X Genomics
The Chromium System is powered by 10x GemCode Technology
The 10x GemCode Technology fuels our Chromium System with an innovative reagent delivery system, set of algorithms and turn-key software analysis tools that enable the discovery of previously inaccessible genetic information at massive rate and scale.
The GemCode Technology creates a unique reagent delivery system that partitions cells or arbitrarily long DNA molecules (including 100 kb) and prepares sequencing libraries in parallel such that all fragments produced within a partition share a common barcode.
A simple workflow combines large partition numbers with a massively diverse barcode library to generate 100,000 barcode containing partitions in a matter of minutes.


text:
Guilford's rich clock making history gave America the gift of time.
One of Connecticut's most notable historical achievements has been the practice of clock making. The craft reached particular heights in the town of Guilford, where astonishing, enduring, and elegant advancements in clock making arose.
In 1726, Ebenezer Parmelee was commissioned to build the first tower clock in Connecticut for the Guilford church. Prior to his work, most clocks produced in America were for domestic use and had to be imported from England. "Parmelee is remembered for the tall clocks that bear his name, as well as the very early Guilford tower clock," says Phillip Zea, president of Historic Deerfield and expert on early American clocks. "His son, Ebenezer Jr., also worked as a clockmaker, as did other family members."
There was a huge need for public clocks during this period, as many citizens of early America found domestic clocks prohibitively expensive. "Before the American Revolution, very few families could afford to own a clock at home," says Zea. "Public time was the only way to accurately mark the passage of the hours. Consequently, public or tower clocks were an important source of information and civic pride."
The Guilford tower clock was a particularly notable achievement. No other state possessed such an awe-inspiring example of the craft: it bore a hand-wrought iron frame, brass wheels, and a massive pendulum. "The public clocks that Ebenezer Sr. made for Guilford and Milford remain a tribute to his reputation," Zea says.
Parmelee is also celebrated due to his influence on successive generations of clockmakers. "Sometimes, significance is really a function of objects that survive with a signature or provenance, especially when multiple generations of craftsmen are involved," says Zea. "That is the case of the Parmelee family of Guilford, who worked as clockmakers and silversmiths over a couple generations."
Due to Parmelee's influence, the state of Connecticut would soon become home to a wealth of pioneering clockmakers. "American clock making is primarily a Connecticut story, especially during the nineteenth century with the innovations of Eli Terry, Seth Thomas, Riley Whiting, and Joseph Ives," Zea notes. "Their designs focused on making available at low cost clocks that most people [otherwise] could not afford."
It is, however, the enduring work of Ebenezer Parmelee and his Guilford spire clock that sets him apart to this day. Zea says, "The contributions of the Parmelee family to Connecticut clock making before the revolution is elevated by the survival of their work in both public and private timekeeping."


text:
The TruSeq Synthetic Long-Read DNA Library Prep Kit is a highly accurate, end-to-end solution that can be used for genome assembly or genome phasing. Depending on the analysis option you select, you can use it to:
The TruSeq Synthetic Long-Read DNA Library Prep and Barcode Kits are designed for preparing DNA libraries to generate synthetically long reads. The library prep kit combines TruSeq and Nextera chemistries with synthetic long-read technology to prepare DNA libraries. The accompanying barcode kit includes 384 indexes for labeling the samples in each well. These indexes are then used after sequencing to construct synthetically long fragments for long-read assembly and phasing analysis.
After sequencing, push-button analysis in BaseSpace Sequence Hub simplifies assembly of long reads. Data can be transferred from an Illumina sequencing instrument to the BaseSpace Hub cloud instantly.
Genome assembly app: The TruSeq Long-Read Assembly App constructs long, synthetic reads from shorter sequencing reads for accurate genome assembly and genome finishing. TruSeq Synthetic Long-Read technology allows you to use the same familiar platform with a new application.
Phasing analysis app: The TruSeq Phasing Analysis App can be used to perform whole human genome phasing, identifying haplotype information and co-inherited alleles, and phasing de novo mutations. By constructing synthetically long fragments from shorter sequencing reads, this method provides more comprehensive and accurate phasing compared to conventional trio studies or statistical inference.
A BaseSpace App is used to assemble the long reads or phase a human genome
|Description||Document Type||File Info|
|TruSeq Synthetic Long-Read DNA Library Prep Kit for Genome Assembly Data Sheet||Data Sheet||PDF< 1 MB|
|TruSeq Synthetic Long-Read DNA Library Prep Kit for Whole Human Genome Phasing Data Sheet||Data Sheet||PDF< 1 MB|
|Ag- TruSeq Synthetic Long-Read FAQ||Data Sheet||PDF2 MB|
Catalog IDs: FC-_PHONE_, FC-_PHONE_, FC-_PHONE_, FC-_PHONE_


.728260)

SELECT p1.id As id1, p2.id As id2, ;
(p1.xcoord-p2.xcoord)^2 + (p1.ycoord-p2.ycoord)^2 As dist2 ;
FROM pairs p1 JOIN pairs p2 ON p1.id < p2.id ORDER BY 3 INTO CURSOR tmp

GO TOP
? "Closest pair is " + TRANSFORM(id1) + " and " + TRANSFORM(id2) + "."
? "Distance is " + TRANSFORM(SQRT(dist2))

Output:
Visual FoxPro uses 1 based indexing,
Closest pair is 3 and 6.
Distance is 0.077910.
XPL0
The brute force method is simpler than the recursive solution and is perfectly adequate, even for a thousand points.
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations

proc ClosestPair(P, N); \Show closest pair of points in array P
real P; int N;
real Dist2, MinDist2;
int I, J, SI, SJ;
[MinDist2:= 1e300;
for I:= 0 to N-2 do
[for J:= I+1 to N-1 do
[Dist2:= sq(P(I,0)-P(J,0)) + sq(P(I,1)-P(J,1));
if Dist2 < MinDist2 then \squared distances are sufficient for compares
[MinDist2:= Dist2;
SI:= I; SJ:= J;
];
];
];
IntOut(0, SI); Text(0, " -- "); IntOut(0, SJ); CrLf(0);
RlOut(0, P(SI,0)); Text(0, ","); RlOut(0, P(SI,1));
Text(0, " -- ");
RlOut(0, P(SJ,0)); Text(0, ","); RlOut(0, P(SJ,1));
CrLf(0);
];

real Data;
[Format(1, 6);
Data:= [[0.654682, 0.925557], \0 test data from BASIC examples
[0.409382, 0.619391], \1
[0.891663, 0.888594], \2
[0.716629, 0.996200], \3
[0.477721, 0.946355], \4
[0.925092, 0.818220], \5
[0.624291, 0.142924], \6
[0.211332, 0.221507], \7
[0.293786, 0.691701], \8
[0.839186, 0.728260]]; \9
ClosestPair(Data, 10);
]
Output:
2 -- 5
0.891663,0.888594 -- 0.925092,0.818220
zkl
An ugly solution in both time and space.
class Point{
fcn init(_x,_y){ var[const] x=_x, y=_y; }
fcn distance(p){ (p.x-x).hypot(p.y-y) }
fcn toString { String("Point(",x,",",y,")") }
}

// find closest two points using brute ugly force:
// find all combinations of two points, measure distance, pick smallest
fcn closestPoints(points){
pairs:=Utils.Helpers.pickNFrom(2,points);
triples:=pairs.apply(fcn([(p1,p2)]){ T(p1,p2,p1.distance(p2)) });
triples.reduce(fcn([(_,_,d1)]p1,[(_,_,d2)]p2){
if(d1 < d2) p1 else p2
});
}
points:=T( 5.0, 9.0, 9.0, 3.0,
2.0, 0.0, 8.0, 4.0,
7.0, 4.0, 9.0, 10.0,
1.0, 9.0, 8.0, 2.0,
0.0, 10.0, 9.0, 6.0 ).pump(List,Void.Read,Point);

closestPoints(points).println(); //-->L(Point(8,4),Point(7,4),1)

points:=T( 0.654682, 0.925557, 0.409382, 0.619391,
0.891663, 0.888594, 0.716629, 0.9962,
0.477721, 0.946355, 0.925092, 0.81822,
0.624291, 0.142924, 0.211332, 0.221507,
0.293786, 0.691701, 0.839186, 0.72826)
.pump(List,Void.Read,Point);
closestPoints(points).println();
Output:
L(Point(8,4),Point(7,4),1)
L(Point(0.925092,0.81822),Point(0.891663,0.888594),0._PHONE_)
ZX Spectrum Basic
Translation of: BBC_BASIC
10 DIM x(10): DIM y(10)
20 FOR i=1 TO 10
30 READ x(i),y(i)
40 NEXT i
50 LET min=1e30
60 FOR i=1 TO 9
70 FOR j=i+1 TO 10
80 LET p1=x(i)-x(j): LET p2=y(i)-y(j): LET dsq=p1*p1+p2*p2
90 IF dsq<min THEN LET min=dsq: LET mini=i: LET minj=j
100 NEXT j
110 NEXT i
120 PRINT "Closest pair is ";mini;" and ";minj;" at distance ";SQR min
130 STOP
140 DATA 0.654682,0.925557
150 DATA 0.409382,0.619391
160 DATA 0.891663,0.888594
170 DATA 0.716629,0.996200
180 DATA 0.477721,0.946355
190 DATA 0.925092,0.818220
200 DATA 0.624291,0.142924
210 DATA 0.211332,0.221507
220 DATA 0.293786,0.691701
230 DATA 0.839186,0.728260


text:
On 10 September 2012, orphan designation (EU/3/12/1044) was granted by the European Commission to Endocyte Europe B.V., the Netherlands, for folic acid to be used with N-[4-[[(2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-D-gamma-glutamyl-(2S)-2-amino-beta-alanyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-cysteine for the diagnosis of positive folate-receptor status in ovarian cancer.
- What is ovarian cancer?
Ovarian cancer is cancer of the ovaries (two organs in the female reproductive system that produce eggs). Most ovarian cancers occur in women over the age of 50 years. Due to the absence of symptoms in the early stages of the disease, the majority of patients are diagnosed when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Most ovarian cancers are 'folate-receptor positive'. This means that the surface of the cancer cell contains high amounts of a receptor, which folic acid (a vitamin required for cell division) attaches to. This receptor can be targeted for treatment.
Ovarian cancer is a life-threatening disease that is associated with poor long-term survival.
- What is the estimated number of patients eligible for diagnosis of positive folate receptor status in ovarian cancer?
At the time of designation, the number of patients eligible for diagnosis of positive folate receptor status in ovarian cancer was estimated to be not more than 1.3 in 10,000 people in the European Union (EU)*. This is equivalent to a total of not more than 66,000 people, and is below the ceiling for orphan designation, which is 5 people in 10,000. This is based on the information provided by the sponsor and the knowledge of the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP).
*Disclaimer: For the purpose of the designation, the number of patients affected by the condition is estimated and assessed on the basis of data from the European Union (EU 27), Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. This represents a population of 506,300,000 (Eurostat 2011).
- What methods of diagnosis are available?
At the time of designation, there were no satisfactory methods of diagnosing positive folate-receptor status in ovarian cancer in the EU. Existing methods were limited to detecting the presence of ovarian cancer cells. They included vaginal examination to check for any visible abnormalities of the womb or ovaries. In addition, blood tests and ultrasound were used to help identify masses in the abdomen. If a mass was discovered, the patient underwent surgery to determine the nature of the mass.
- How is this medicine expected to work?
Folic-acid injections are used to improve the image on scans for diagnosing positive folate-receptor status in ovarian cancer. It is given before the injection of another medicine that is radioactive and also contains folic acid. The radioactive medicine can enter the cancer cells by attaching to their folate receptors and once inside it emits radiation which can be seen as an image on a scan.
The folic-acid injections are given before the radioactive medicine as this has been shown to improve the quality of the image on the scan. This is because the folic acid attaches to many receptors in non-cancer cells, thereby ensuring that more of the radioactive medicine attaches to the receptors on the cancer cells.
- What is the stage of development of this medicine?
The effects of folic acid have been evaluated in experimental models.
At the time of submission of the application for orphan designation, clinical trials with folic acid in patients with ovarian cancer were ongoing.
At the time of submission, folic acid was not authorised anywhere in the EU for the diagnosis of positive folate-receptor status in ovarian cancer or designated as an orphan medicinal product elsewhere for diagnosing this condition.
In accordance with Regulation (EC) No 141/2000 of 16 December 1999, the COMP adopted a positive opinion on 23 July 2012 recommending the granting of this designation.
- Opinions on orphan medicinal product designations are based on the following three criteria:
- the seriousness of the condition;
- the existence of alternative methods of diagnosis, prevention or treatment;
- either the rarity of the condition (affecting not more than 5 in 10,000 people in the EU) or insufficient returns on investment.
Designated orphan medicinal products are products that are still under investigation and are considered for orphan designation on the basis of potential activity. An orphan designation is not a marketing authorisation. As a consequence, demonstration of quality, safety and efficacy is necessary before a product can be granted a marketing authorisation.
|Active substance||Folic acid to be used with N-[4-[[(2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-D-gamma-glutamyl-(2S)-2-amino-beta-alanyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-cysteine|
|Disease/condition||Diagnosis of positive folate-receptor status in ovarian cancer|
|Date of decision||10/09/2012|
|Orphan decision number||EU/3/12/1044|
Review of designation
The Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products reviews the orphan designation of a product if it is approved for marketing authorisation.
Sponsor's contact details:
Endocyte Europe B.V.
Prins Bernhardplein 200
1097 JB Amsterdam
Telephone: +31 20 _PHONE_
Telefax: +31 20 _PHONE_
For contact details of patients' organisations whose activities are targeted at rare diseases see:
- Orphanet, a database containing information on rare diseases which includes a directory of patients' organisations registered in Europe;
- European Organisation for Rare Diseases (EURORDIS), a non-governmental alliance of patient organisations and individuals active in the field of rare diseases.


text:
Geomembranes are meant to provide a practically impermeable barrier for large scale containment of liquids and gasses. Therefore geomembrane liners are manufactured for the lowest possible permeability, depending on the application and chemicals involved.
However, the amount of seam welding, patching, and other fieldwork that is carried out during their installation can play a significant role in the liner's long-term performance. So what are the benefits of using factory pre-fabricated geomembrane liners?
A Note on Geomembrane Liner Installation
At first glance, geomembrane liner installation is a somewhat straightforward process. A properly prepared site surface is lined with the geomembrane material appropriate for the application. However many conditions in the field can introduce variability, making successful installation more challenging than it initially seems.
Geomembrane liners may arrive at the installation site in smaller pieces to be welded on the spot, or larger pieces pre-welded in the factory (factory fabricated). The latter provides superior results both in terms of leakage prevention, seam testing requirements, time and labor required for installation and lifespan of the geomembrane installation.
Factory vs Field Fabricated Geomembrane Liners
Field fabrication of geomembrane liner refers to performing most of the welding of geomembrane seams on the spot at the site during installation. It doesn't take much to realize that this situation provides less than ideal welding conditions, e.g. terrain morphology, steep slopes, temperature variability, rainfall, wind, and dust particles, to name a few. Moreover, this procedure results in greater time and labor required, increasing overall installation costs.
Factory Prefabricated Geomembrane Liners
Contrary to field welding, factory prefabricated liners are welded in controlled environmental conditions, resulting in consistent welding with guaranteed results. Quality vendors take into account factors like temperature ranges, slopes, and membrane expansion or contraction. According to those factors, they take steps to reduce the occurrence of localized stresses and minimize the chances of liner damage or leaks, for example by increasing the width of the seam or adding reinforcements.
Another primary benefit of factory prefabricated geomembrane liners is their low installation time. What's more, factory-fabricated geomembrane liners transfer most of the quality inspection costs and labor to the manufacturing supplier, rather than the installation site crew. That's because the larger panels are certified at the factory and arrive on site as a single panel requiring that only the perimeter welds be QC tested in the field. These factors provide more consistent results, overall cost savings for the installation stage, as well as lifetime increase and maintenance cost reduction of the geomembrane liner.
Choosing a Geomembrane Liner Manufacturer
As demonstrated, factory pre-welded liners provide more consistent results. The basis for a successful liner, however, is using a reliable, high-quality geomembrane. Connect with a member of the E² team for more information.


text:
Average monthly rainy days in Black River
The number of days each month with rain, snow and hail in Black River, Jamaica.
- Most rainy days are in May, September and October.
- On average, September is the most rainy with 17 days of rain/snow.
- On average, February is the driest month with 5 rainy days.
- The average annual amount of rainy days is: 138.


« Back to Publications list
Improving Command Selection with CommandMaps
Designers of GUI applications typically arrange commands in hierarchical structures, such as menus, due to screen space limitations. However, hierarchical organisations are known to slow down expert users. This paper proposes the use of spatial memory in combination with hierarchy flattening as a means of improving GUI performance. We demonstrate these concepts through the design of a command selection interface, called CommandMaps, and analyse its theoretical performance characteristics. We then describe two studies evaluating CommandMaps against menus and Microsoft's Ribbon interface for both novice and experienced users. Results show that for novice users, there is no significant performance difference between CommandMaps and traditional interfaces – but for experienced users, CommandMaps are significantly faster than both menus and the Ribbon.
_URL_
Joey Scarr, Andy Cockburn, Carl Gutwin, and Andrea Bunt. 2012. Improving command selection with CommandMaps. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12). 257-266. Best Paper Award
Bibtext Entry
@inproceedings{Scarr:2012:ICS:_PHONE_._PHONE_,
author = {Scarr, Joey and Cockburn, Andy and Gutwin, Carl and Bunt, Andrea},
title = {Improving command selection with CommandMaps},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
series = {CHI '12},
year = {2012},
isbn = {978-1-4503-1015-4},
location = {Austin, Texas, USA},
pages = {257--266},
numpages = {10},
url = {_URL_
doi = {10.1145/_PHONE_._PHONE_},
acmid = {_PHONE_},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {commands, expertise, hierarchies, spatial memory},
}
Authors
Andrea Bunt
Andrea Bunt
Professor
As well as: Joey Scarr, Andy Cockburn, and Carl Gutwin


text:
National Climate Report - Winter (DJF) 2000
|The preliminary national standardized temperature index also ranked winter _PHONE_ as the warmest winter season since 1895.|| |
|Preliminary data for winter (December 1999-February 2000) indicate the three-month precipitation averaged across the contiguous United States was much drier than normal and ranked as the 16th driest winter since 1895. Over 12% of the country was much drier than normal while about six percent of the country was much wetter than normal. Winter 2000 was the first such season since 1989 to be much drier than normal.|
|The preliminary national standardized precipitation index ranked winter 2000 as the 30th driest winter on record.||larger image|
|Based on preliminary data from the National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center the count of 78 tornadoes ranked winter (December 1999-February 2000) as the tenth most active winter season since 1953-54. The _PHONE_ average winter tornado count is 59. The most active winter season was 1998-99 with 244 tornadoes while the least active winter season for tornadoes was 1984-85 with 13.||larger image|
Current data are based on preliminary reports from River Forecast Center stations and First and Second Order airport stations obtained from the National Weather Service (NWS) Climate Prediction Center and real time Global Telecommunications System (GTS) monthly CLIMAT summaries. THE CURRENT DATA SHOULD BE USED WITH CAUTION. These preliminary data are useful for estimating how current anomalies compare to the historical record, however the actual values and rankings for the current year may change as the final data arrive at NCDC and are processed.
The following NCDC datasets are used for the historical U.S. data: the climate division drought database (TD-9640), and the hurricane datasets (TD-9636 and TD-9697). It should be noted that the climate division drought database consists of monthly data for 344 climate divisions in the contiguous United States. These divisional values are calculated from the 6000+ station Cooperative Observer network.


Plaque Forming Unit
∞ generated and posted on 2016.02.25 ∞
Entity capable of initiating the localized, observable clearance of immobilized cells, such as bacteria suspended within agar.
A Plaque-Forming Unit is something other than necessarily an individual, e.g., virus particle (virion), but instead takes into account that viruses or other plaque-forming infectious entities can clump prior to plating or, instead, may be plated as virus-infected cells.
Ideally each PFU produces one plaque though this correspondence can fail if plaques are too crowded upon such that plaques substantially overlap.
An additional consideration is that not only can plaque-forming units be virions but so too can plaque-forming units be virus-. Key is that an effectively point-source exists for the formation of a single plaque.
Compare and contrast with colony-forming unit. See also plaque-forming unit in Phage Terms.


text:
The UNI/DMACC teacher education program is singly focused on the offering of a course sequence at DMACC Ankeny, Boone and Carroll Campuses that will lead to a degree from the UNI in Elementary Education.
All students must meet the regular requirements as specified by the University of Northern Iowa. This will include:
- The students will move through the program in groups called cohorts.
- Completion of an AA degree or equivalent course work.
- Enter UNI with a minimum 2.5 GPA.
- Tuition will be the regular UNI tuition for UNI classes and DMACC tuition for DMACC classes.
- Program and course requirements will be the same as those required of UNI campusbased students.
- Minimum of 130 credits : 74 DMACC, 56 UNI.
- Satisfactory completion of PRAXIS I for admission to Teacher Ed.
- Satisfactory completion of PRAXIS II before graduation for licensure recommendation.
- Maintain 2.5 GPA throughout program.
- All methods of teaching classes must be taken from UNI - no exceptions.
- To graduate with honors from UNI a total of 60 UNI credits must be completed.
- Completion of either the Middle Level major plus 2 endorsements OR just completing 1 or more endorsement.


text:
by Alex Boesch, Student Public Relations Writer
The first graduating cohort of Cedarville University's civil engineering program completed senior design projects, including partnerships with Design Outreach and Samaritan's Purse, focused on creating prototypes of service applications for international use.
Each service application from the group of 19 civil engineering students was focused on providing humanitarian assistance.
"One of the main values we want to build into our program is an appreciation for service and missions work," said Dr. David Dittenber, associate professor of civil engineering. "We think it is important to structure our senior projects around service-based engineering."
During the fall semester, seniors worked to gain a background understanding of their assigned engineering problems, then designing an affordable solution. In the Spring, students executed their plans by running experiments and building prototypes.
Projects included a partnership with Design Outreach to create a latrine structure to meet the needs of families in Malawi, a partnership with Samaritan's Purse to design a disaster relief shelter against flooding and cyclones in Mozambique, development
of well drilling testing equipment for the village of Poundioum Senegal and evaluation of ground anchors commonly used for temporary structures in disaster relief scenarios.
Each project culminated in a complete prototype that has potential to be implemented for humanitarian work in other countries or continually developed by the next class of civil engineering students.
Design Outreach is a Christian humanitarian engineering nonprofit organization headquartered in Gahanna, Ohio that focuses on innovative products that improve the lives of the most marginalized and vulnerable people living in developing countries.
The students' project for Design Outreach, when completed, will result in a design for the above ground structural components of a latrine that can interface with the latrine pit liner and slab Design Outreach is working to develop. These technologies
are necessary for equipping a single-family household in Malawi with a reusable restroom that is independent from water. With an approximate lifetime of 20 years, the project could make a significant difference in rural areas of the developing country.
"This is something Design Outreach really wants to see developed," said Dittenber on the LifeLatrine Superstructure project. "We will probably be working on it a second year, taking what the students did and making it cheaper and easier
for Design Outreach to implement prototypes for further evaluation by the summer of 2023."
"These projects are a chance to see what the students are capable of in a non-structured environment," Dittenber noted. "All four of these are projects target problems without a real solution right now. The real benefit for students
is having to tackle a real issue that's taking place on the other side of the world."
Located in southwest Ohio, Cedarville University is an accredited, Christ-centered, Baptist institution with an enrollment of 4,715 undergraduate, graduate, and online students in more than 150 areas of study. Founded in 1887, Cedarville is one of the
largest private universities in Ohio, recognized nationally for its authentic Christian community, rigorous academic programs, including the Bachelor of Science in civil engineering,
strong graduation and retention rates, accredited professional and health science offerings, and high student engagement ranking. For more information about the University, visit


The Relationship Between Insomnia and Suicide
Thumbnail Image
Date
2022-11
Authors
Herauf, Jill
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Insomnia is a risk factor for the development of mental disorders and suicidality. This capstone explores why the relationship between insomnia and suicide exists and highlights the importance of treating insomnia effectively to prevent the development of depression, anxiety, and PTSD which all increase the risk of suicide. Research suggests that when insomnia presents alongside other mental disorders, treating it independently can improve symptoms and in some cases, lead to full or partial remission of the comorbid disorder. Insomnia is considered a modifiable risk factor for suicide and increasing awareness of this relationship, as well as options for treatment, is crucial for both mental health professionals and physicians. This capstone outlines current theories explaining the insomnia--suicide link, why insomnia care must be re-evaluated, and how to effectively treat insomnia with CBT-i.
Description
Keywords
anxiety, comorbidity, depression, insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, suicidal behaviour, suicidality, suicide, suicide attempt, suicide ideation
License
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States, openAccess
Citation


text:
Blank rows aren't bad, but in most sheets, they're definitely undesirable. Excel uses blanks to determine data ranges, and a blank row in the wrong place will inhibit many built-in features. Fortunately, there's an easy way to remove blank rows from a data range, but this easy technique has the potential to destroy data, so you must be careful.
The first step is to select the data range. Using the simple sheet below (Figure A), you'd select A3:E14. As you can see, there are two blank rows (7 and 10). Admittedly, in a sheet this simple, you'd probably just delete the rows manually. That won't be as simple in a large data range that comprises thousands of rows!
After selecting the data range, continue as follows:
- Press [F5].
- In the resulting Go To dialog box, click Special.
- Click the Blanks option and click OK. Doing so selects the blank cells (what you might think of as rows) in the selected range. In this case, that's A7:E7 and A10:E10.
- Now you're ready to delete the selected cells. On the Home tab, click the Delete dropdown in the Cells group and choose Delete Cells. Excel will display the Delete dialog box, with the Delete Cells Up option selected. Click OK. Or, press [Ctrl]+-. Excel will delete the blank cells from the selected data range.
Choosing Delete Cells deletes only the blank cells in the previously selected range. If you choose Delete Sheet Rows in step 4, you could potentially destroy data (often unseen) to the right. Choose carefully when using this option to delete blank rows when you really want to delete just the blank cells. It's easy to think in terms of rows and choose the wrong option!