text:
Additional Graphical analysis of survey data
There are so many variables in this data it allows many ways of viewing the results. To help with this we have added more graphs to help answer some of the many questions that have been raised.
Volume harvested (t/ha) by Final Crop Stocking ages 26-28yrs only for 26 Woodlots
If we select only the woodlots that were harvested within the age range of 26 to 28 years, we get a lower sample of 26 woodlots, but they generally show the same relationship. For the same stocking, data points that are low will probably be on lower quality sites. This shows the potential impact of site quality and could be a much as 300 tonnes at harvest.
Net returns ($/ha) by Tree age at Harvest for 110 Woodlots at 2017-18 log prices
If we consider the impact of tree age on net returns, we get the following graph. While there is no significant relationship shown (because of many other variables) the average harvest age is 27 years. A significant number have been harvested prior to 25 years of age, and some are older than 35 years.
Harvesting & Management costs ($/t) by woodlot size for 83 Woodlots at 2017-18 log prices
If Harvesting costs (cost to log and load on truck) plus harvest management costs are combined and graphed against woodlot size, there is little evidence of a relationship, i.e. costs should reduce slightly with scale of operation. These costs vary significantly and can be affected by terrain, location, soil type, and availability of equipment and labour.
Harvesting and Management costs by Harvest volume
Are harvesting costs less if we have higher volumes per hectare? If we combine the harvesting, loading, and harvest management costs and plot them against harvested volume/ha we don't seem to have a relationship, i.e. higher volume stands don't seem to result in cheaper logging.
Proportion of Gross Revenues to Grower by harvest volume for 78 Woodlots at 2017-18 log prices
Another useful metric developed is the percentage of revenue returned to the grower, i.e. if we subtract all costs associated with harvesting from the gross returns paid at wharf gate for the logs, what proportion is left to the grower. From the recent data this is currently averaging 43%, i.e. on average more than half the revenue goes to contractors providing services for harvesting, roading, management, and cartage. There is considerable variation in this factor and can range from 25% to 75%.
Percentage of Total Revenues to Grower by Harvest and Transport costs for 80 Woodlots at 2017-18 log prices
If we consider what is influencing the proportion of revenues going to the grower, this graph combines all harvest (including management, but excluding roading) and transport costs. This shows a strong relationship with proportion returned to grower. As would be expected, the biggest share of the revenue goes to the grower when costs are minimised.
Annual net return to grower by region and wood lot size
The annual return, per hectare, per year, can be calculated from the net return per hectare divided by the age of harvest. This gives a nominal non-discounted return per year. The average for the 110 woodlots with the right data was $1,150 ha/yr. This is a useful metric to compare with annual net income from other land uses. When plotted against harvested volume it shows a strong relationship; high returns generally require high volumes at harvest.


text:
JUNIOR DEVELOPMENT (AGES 10 to 13)
This competitive group was developed for athletes interested in training, attending local races and participating in the Ontario Youth Championships (13 years old and younger). The athletes are introduced to training and racing technique, developing physical strength, balance and flexibility to support their technique and educational sport components such as self-responsibility, nutrition, equipment maintenance (waxing) and goal setting. Jr DEVO provides an immersive "Learning to Train' experience.
Participation in the fall Saturday dry land training is required for these athletes, and is included in the registration cost. Completion of Jackrabbit levels or coaches' assessment is required for participation, based on skill and capacity development.
- Team challenges
- Develop athletes, educate parents, create coaches
- Facilitate mental training skills
- Create success (excellence) for individuals and HTB
- Create a positive atmosphere and love of sport (and activity).
Athlete program requirements
- Roller ski poles
- Striding poles
- Helmet, reflective clothing, gloves
- Watch with chronometer, timer
- Water bottle and carrier
- Access to appropriate skate and Classic skis (owned or leased)
- Access to early season rock skis (Crown & Skate)
- Skate and classic poles (length suggested by coach)
- Combi boots
- Blue non fluoro glide wax
- Signed code of conduct
- Athlete Season Goals
Note: Children at this level should be involved in other activities as well as skiing so they can develop as competent athletes. By the end of the Jr Devo program they should be physically literate (possess both fundamental movement skills and fundamental sport skills). See Canadian Sport For Life/Long Term athlete Development for details and reference material.
- Introduce the qualities (technical, physical, mental) that lead to sustainable performance and consistent improvement. These are measurable.
- Introduce reflection on performance-training/recovery, racing, etc.
- Bi weekly, low key, appropriate length time trials. Likely at Wed practices.
- Selected Paraffin Races
- Appropriate team challenges-for example, Muskoka Loppet (athletes, parents, coaches).
$800.00* (Price increases by $25 on July 16th )
*Registrants in the HTB competition teams (nordic and biathlon) and Junior Development must purchase a season pass from Highlands Nordic.
- Travel and accommodation to events
- Race entry fees
- Race license (Discuss with coach)
- Coaching & Waxing fees for larger events on cost recovery
Dryland Training Pt 1
TIME: Saturdays 9:59AM to 12PM
STARTS: September 7
ENDS: October 26
Dryland Training Pt 2
TIME: Saturdays and Sundays 9:59AM to 12PM
STARTS: November 2
ENDS: November 30
TIMES: Wednesdays Evenings (TBD), Saturdays and Sundays 9:59AM to 12PM
STARTS: December 4
ENDS: First Saturday of March Break
*There will be a one day Holiday Camp during Christmas Break (Date to be determined)

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
President orders officials to ensure adequate fertilizer supply during Yala season
President Gotabaya Rajapaksa has directed officials to ensure supply of the required amount of fertilizer for the Yala season without delay.
The fertilizer stocks are due to arrive in the island within the coming weeks.
These directives were issued by Rajapaksa during a review of the current process of importation and distribution of fertilizer stocks.
The discussion took place at the Presidential Secretariat yesterday (3).
The President has further instructed that a proper procedure be put into place for the swift distribution fertilizer among all the farmers around the country.
Issues pertaining to the importation of fertilizer were discussed in-depth and the President advised to obtain the preliminary inspection reports on the quality of fertilizer within 10 days prior to distribution.
The President had also highlighted the significance of educating the farming community about the harmful aspects of using chemical fertilizer over organic. He noted that it was high time they are gradually directed towards the use of organic fertilizer in their cultivation.


text:
To prepare public health professionals for their functional roles in disaster response by offering culturally competent disaster interventions to survivors, witnesses, and responders of bioterrorism and other major public health threats and community disasters.
1. To provide a brief overview of cultural competency.
2. To create an awareness of the importance of cultural competence in delivering an effective public health disaster response.
3. To offer culturally competent strategies and interventions for disaster response.
1. Define cultural competence.
2. Describe the role of cultural competence in public health workforce readiness and disaster response and recovery.
3. Identify the rationale and role of cultural competence (including cultural, social, and behavioral factors) in delivering effective disaster interventions.
4. Describe approaches, principles and strategies for developing cultural competency in assisting disaster survivors from cultural and diverse groups.
5. Identify cultural barriers to offering disaster intervention services. And,
6. Understand and appreciate the dynamic forces contributing to cultural diversity and their importance in delivering culturally competent disaster intervention services.
This course has been designed for public health, health care, mental health, and emergency response professionals, to include public health professionals, physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, mental health professionals, health care administrators and mangers, emergency managers in local, state, and federal roles, and first responders.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Best Practices for Testing Android Applications with Espresso and JUnit
Blair Fernandes
2 min readAug 20
--
Photo by Jeremy Ricketts on Unsplash
Testing Android applications is an essential skill for any developer who wants to ensure the quality and reliability of their code. One of the most popular tools for testing Android apps is Espresso, a framework that provides a fluent API for writing UI tests. Espresso works well with JUnit, the standard testing library for Java and Android.
In this post, I will share some of the best practices for testing Android applications with Espresso and JUnit. These practices will help you write clear, concise, and maintainable tests that cover the most important aspects of your app's functionality.
1. Use the @Rule annotation to set up and tear down your test environment. The @Rule annotation allows you to specify a test rule that will be applied before and after each test method. For example, you can use the ActivityScenarioRule to launch and finish your activity under test automatically.
2. Use the onView() method to find and interact with UI elements. The onView() method takes a ViewMatcher as an argument and returns a ViewInteraction object that allows you to perform actions and assertions on the matched view. For example, you can use the withId() matcher to find a view by its ID and then call the click() action to simulate a user click.
3. Use the Espresso idling resources to synchronize your tests with asynchronous operations. Espresso idling resources are objects that tell Espresso when your app is idle or busy. By registering an idling resource, you can ensure that Espresso will wait until your app is idle before performing any actions or assertions. For example, you can use the CountingIdlingResource to track the number of active network requests and notify Espresso when they are all completed.
4. Use the @Before and @After annotations to perform common setup and cleanup tasks. The @Before and @After annotations allow you to define methods that will be executed before and after each test method. For example, you can use the @Before annotation to initialize some mock objects and inject them into your app using Dagger or Hilt.
5. Use descriptive and consistent names for your test methods. The names of your test methods should clearly indicate what they are testing and what the expected outcome is. A good practice is to use the given-when-then format, where you specify the initial state, the action, and the result. For example, you can name your test method as follows:
@Test
fun givenEmptyEmail_whenLoginButtonClicked_thenShowEmailError() {
// Arrange
// Act
// Assert
}
Learn more about testing Android apps from this official guide.
I hope you found this blog post useful and learned something new. If you have any questions or feedback, feel free to leave a comment below. Happy testing!
--
--
Blair Fernandes
I am a passionate programmer 💻, geek 🤓 & an avid gamer🎮


Quick Search:
CODE
Oracle PL/SQL Code Library
JOBS
Find Or Post Oracle Jobs
FORUM
Oracle Discussion & Chat
 The Oracle WHEN Clause [Return To Index] Jump to:
 Looking for the original pages? (formerly called "Morgan's Library") You can find them here.
Term: WHEN
Definition:
The Oracle WHEN keyword is used in two ways. One use is in the CASE statement to pick among given values. The other use of WHEN is in a conditional INSERT statement.
Using WHEN in the CASE statement
The CASE statement operates like a series of IF statements, only using the key word WHEN.
Example Usage:
An example of WHEN used in a CASE statement that reports a temperature range:
CASE
WHEN n_temperature = 10 THEN v_status := 'very low';
WHEN n_temperature < 20 THEN v_status := 'low';
WHEN n_temperature = 50 THEN v_status := 'medium';
WHEN n_temperature > 80 THEN v_status := 'high';
ELSE v_status := 'very high';
END CASE;
Using WHEN in a conditional INSERT statement
There are two modes for conditional insert: ALL and FIRST.
If you specify ALL, the default value, then the database evaluates each WHEN clause regardless of the results of the evaluation of any other WHEN clause. For each WHEN clause whose condition evaluates to true, the database executes the corresponding INTO clause list.
If you specify FIRST, then the database evaluates each WHEN clause in the order in which it appears in the statement. For the first WHEN clause that evaluates to true, the database executes the corresponding INTO clause and skips subsequent WHEN clauses for the given row.
Example Usage:
INSERT
WHEN MOD(deptno,2)=0 THEN
INTO even_employees (empno, ename)
VALUES (empno, ename)
WHEN MOD(deptno,2)=1 THEN
INTO uneven_employees (empno, ename)
VALUES (empno, ename)
ELSE
INTO unknow_employees (empno, ename)
VALUES (empno, ename)
SELECT empno, ename, deptno FROM emp;
Related Links:
Related Code Snippets:
 - INSERT WHEN - The insert when command can do a conditional insert. There are 2 modes for condi...
 - INSERT ALL WHEN - If you specify ALL, the default value, then the database evaluates each WHEN cla...
 - INSERT FIRST WHEN - The WHEN clause is evaluated in the order in which it appears in the statement...

Home : Code Library : Sponsors : Privacy : Terms of Use : Contact Us 125 users online © 2009 psoug.org
PSOUG LOGIN
Username:
Password:
Forgot your password?


appropriate table
 html = BuildArticleHtml(ItemGroup.Blogs, ref foundGroup);
 // and if the group was found, add it to the StringBuilder
 if (foundGroup)
 {
 htmlAll.Append(html);
 }
 }
 // if the user wants to show tips/tricks
 if (this.ShowTips)
 {
 // build the appropriate html
 html = BuildArticleHtml(ItemGroup.Tips, ref foundGroup);
 // and if the group was found, add it to the StringBuilder
 if (foundGroup)
 {
 htmlAll.Append(html);
 }
 }
 htmlAll.Append(BuildHtmlFooter());
 }
 // set our docuement text
 this.webBrowser1.DocumentText = htmlAll.ToString();
 // re-add the message handler so we can respond to link clicks on the
 // article items that are displayed
 this.webBrowser1.Navigating += new WebBrowserNavigatingEventHandler(webBrowser1_Navigating);
}
In the interest of brevity, I'm not going to show the code that actually builds the HTML (you can see them being used in the code snippet above). The app is simply building output with the data contained in the article manager. I will mention though, that to keep memory use down to a dull roar, I used StringBuilderobjects to hold the HTML as it's being constructed.
What The Icons Mean
In the legend below, "article" should be taken to mean either an article, tip, or blog entry. All of the groups are individually analyzed, and therefore, each group has its own icons.
new_32.png - Indicates a new article. All articles will display as new when you initially start the application.
bestrating_32.png - Indicates the article with the best rating.
lowrate_32.png - Indicates the article with the worst rating.
votes_32.png - Indicates the article with the most votes.
viewed_32.png - Indicates the article with the most page views.
popular_32.png - Indicates the most popular article.
bookmark_32.png - Indicates the article with the most bookmarks.
download_32.png - Indicates the article with the most downloads (not provided by CP yet)
up_32.png - Indicates that the associated field increased in value.
down_32.png - Indicates that the associated field decreased in value.
Features of the Sample Application
 - Scrape status, time to next scrape event, and current scrape progress are all reported in the status bar at the bottom of the window.
 - To keep the reported changes to something that I consider sane, the number of views that have to be made to report as "changed" to the statistics is 10. You can increase or decrease this value via the private Article.ViewChangeThreshold data member.
 - Initially, the program displays article in order of rating in descending order. You can change this at any time by selecting a different property in the combo box at the top of the form.
 - Articles that report changes are displayed with backgrounds that are shades of blue, as opposed to unchanged articles that are white/gray. Just so you can see the differences side-by-side, here's a screen shot:
Screenshot_03.jpg
History
 - 11/13/2011 - Another site change that a) renamed some element IDs, and b) exposed a coding error involving cleaning the data before parsing it.
 - 05/11/2011 - I fixed the titlebar (it was showing weird info), and fixed an issue where alternate tips were being counted in the tip/trick rating and popularity averages showing at the top of the form. Since they don't acquire votes, they're not supposed to be counted in the average values.
 - 05/05/2011 - It seems that the averages show in the statistics box at the top right corner of the form was displaying questionable values. I modified the way the data source was being initialized, and jerked the averages back into their proper alignment.
 - 05/04/2011 - Added support for sorting by number of downloads. I also added a new line to each group table that shows the total votes, views, bookmarks, and downloads for each group (articles, blogs, and tips).
 - 03/27/2011 - Added support for number of downloads. It *should* adapt with no problems, but if things look strange, just delete C:\Program Data\CPAM3\*.xml, and rerun the program. It will create a new file, and you'll be good to go.
 - 03/22/2011 - The fix I made yesterday was thwarted by a simple misspelling of the word "Organiser" (CP spells it wrong - it should be "Organizer" - but I have to conform to their usage if I want my code to work). So if you've already run the old new code once, you have to run this version twice before it fixes the display problem. The problem is that a new reputation points category called "Unknown" is displayed in the first table, and the Organizer points aren't updated, leading to an incorrect total points value. In any case, this fixes those problems, but remember, you have to run it twice before you see it completely fixed.
 - 03/22/2011 - The user profile page was changed a little, and that broke this application. I had to completely change ArticleManager.ParseReputationScores to effect the necessary modifications. If you have any problems, let me know in the forum below.
 - 12/29/2010 - I discovered that alternate tip/tricks do NOT accumulate a view count (yet), so I had to add a method that normalized empty strings to contain at least a valid numeric value of zero ("0"). This same fix also addressed the issue that was causing the posted dates on tips/tricks to always come up as 01/01/1990.
 - 12/13/2010 - Solved a problem that was causing the application to completely fail after a site update was made. Also fixed the bug that caused problems for people that weren't in the US (thanks Petr!). Many thanks to Chris Maunder for helping out with the format stuff as well. I was really surprised that he'd gotten around to it so quickly.
 - 12/12/2010 - The article list page format was changed, and I'm working out the issues with CP admins. In the meantime, the download for this article has been disabled until the problems are resolved.
 - 12/11/2010 - Original submission.
License
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
About the Author
John Simmons / outlaw programmer
Software Developer (Senior)
United States United States
I've been paid as a programmer since 1982 with experience in Pascal, and C++ (both self-taught), and began writing Windows programs in 1991 using Visual C++ and MFC. In the 2nd half of 2007, I started writing C# Windows Forms and ASP.Net applications, and have since done WPF, Silverlight, WCF, web services, and Windows services.

My weakest point is that my moments of clarity are too brief to hold a meaningful conversation that requires more than 30 seconds to complete. Thankfully, grunts of agreement are all that is required to conduct most discussions without committing to any particular belief system.
Comments and Discussions

GeneralMy vote of 5memberRaviRanjankr13-Dec-10 18:52
GeneralMy vote of 5memberMarcelo Ricardo de Oliveira13-Dec-10 14:23
GeneralCool but small bug [modified]memberPetr Pechovic12-Dec-10 6:39
In converting string to decimal you should provide an IFormatProvider to specific format which is provided by Codeproject otherwise it will not be working in countries where they use ',' instead of '.'; which is country I live in Smile | :)

So after a change:

decimal rating = Convert.ToDecimal(GetDataField("Rating", parts), new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US"));
decimal popularity = Convert.ToDecimal(GetDataField("Popularity", parts), new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US"));

... application works well.

My 5 for this article.

/Petr

--------------------------------------------
Edit:

I have discovered another bug Smile | :) ... after hitting refresh button the avg values are increasing.
modified on Sunday, December 12, 2010 1:02 PM
GeneralRe: Cool but small bugmemberJohn Simmons / outlaw programmer12-Dec-10 12:52
GeneralRe: Cool but small bugmemberJohn Simmons / outlaw programmer13-Dec-10 0:17
GeneralMy vote of 5memberSlacker00711-Dec-10 22:26
GeneralMy vote of 5memberAbhinav S11-Dec-10 3:59
GeneralMy vote of 5memberDaveAuld11-Dec-10 2:46
GeneralMy vote of 5member


Take the 2-minute tour ×
The random variables $X$ and $Y$ have a joint density function given by; $$f(x,y)= \begin{cases} Kxy,\quad &0\leq x\leq 1,\; 0\leq y\leq 1,\\ 0,&\text{otherwise}. \end{cases} $$
Determine $K$ and find the density functions of the random variables $Z = \max(X,Y)$ and $T = \min(X, Y )$.
share|improve this question
The time might have come to recall that, in order to get the best possible answers, it is helpful if you say in what context you encountered the problem, and what your thoughts on it are; this will prevent people from telling you things you already know, and help them give their answers at the right level. Also, many find the use of imperative ("Prove", "Solve", etc.) to be rude when asking for help; please consider rewriting your post (and several very recent similar ones you posted in rapid succession on the site). – Did Dec 15 '12 at 15:09
This and your other recent questions do not fall under the category probability-theory. – Stefan Hansen Dec 15 '12 at 15:22
add comment
1 Answer
Recall that for some $f(x, y)$ to be a joint density function, two things must be satisfied:
 1. $f(x, y)$ must be non-negative for all $x, y$.
 2. The area under $f(x, y)$ must be 1.
The first part is easily satisfied by noting that $K$ must be non-negative.
The second part can be satisfied by setting the integral of $f(x, y)$ to 1:
$$\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(x, y)\,\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}y = 1$$
Which can be simplified to:
$$\int\limits_{0}^{1}\int\limits_{0}^{1}Kxy\,\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}y = 1$$
At this point it shouldn't be difficult to solve for $K$.
For the $\max$ and $\min$ questions, you could observe that
$$\max(a, b) = \begin{cases}a\quad a\ge b,\\b\quad \mathrm{otherwise}.\end{cases}$$ $$\min(a, b) = \begin{cases}a\quad a\le b,\\b\quad \mathrm{otherwise}.\end{cases}$$
which ought to help.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


University of Cambridge > Talks.cam > Cambridge University Linguistic Society (LingSoc) > Variation in British Sign Language
Variation in British Sign Language
If you have a question about this talk, please contact Catherine Davies.
The sign language of the British Deaf community is no more uniform than any other living language. As well as showing a great deal of regional variation, BSL is influenced by other social and identity factors such as age, gender, ethnic origin and educational and family background influence BSL. Some variation is similar to that seen in other languages in Britain and some is specific to the unique position of the Deaf community within British society. Additionally there is evidence of rapid language change as Deaf society has changed and continues to change. This seminar outlines some effects of social factors on pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and discourse on the beautiful, dynamic and fascinating visual language that is BSL.
Tell a friend about this talk:
This talk is included in these lists:
Note that ex-directory lists are not shown.


What is Stargirl about? Who is the main character? What is a basic summary? Author: Jerry Spinelli. What is the story about?
Stargirl tells the story of a free spirited high school girl named Stargirl Caraway. Her story is a tumultuous tale of how her presence changed the people within her school and how those very same people turned against her uniqueness.
Expert Answers
An illustration of the letter 'A' in a speech bubbles
Stargirl is about Stargirl Caraway; however, the story is told from the perspective of Leo Borlock. The result is that both Leo and the reader are outside observers to Stargirl, her antics, and her motivations. I would say that both Leo and Stargirl function as protagonists to the novel, and a great deal of the novel reads like it is Leo's attempt to figure out and define Stargirl. Leo will eventually learn that she isn't a person that is so easily defined.
While I would like to say that Stargirl is an uplifting story about a free spirited girl and her transition into the life of a public high school student, I can't fully embrace such a simplistic summary of the book. On one hand, the novel is about Stargirl, her relationship with Leo, her time on the cheer leading squad, her lunch room antics, her random acts of kindness, and so on. On the other hand, the story is also very much about how powerful the forces of conformity are. Stargirl exists as her own person, and she doesn't care what anybody else thinks about her, except for perhaps Leo. When she decides to conform to the "norm" in order to make Leo happy, readers see how Stargirl's own happiness begins to dwindle.
Last Updated by eNotes Editorial on
An illustration of the letter 'A' in a speech bubbles
As is the case at just about any high school, the students at Mica Area High School know that the key to not being picked on is to fly under the radar, and make yourself as invisible as possible. Nobody, however, has ever told our main character, Stargirl Caraway, this. Having been home schooled for fifteen years, she arrives at Mica in the tenth grade, and there's nothing conventional about her.
The story is told from the perspective of Leo Borlock, an eleventh-grader who falls head over heels in love with Stargirl.
Stargirl is undeniably eccentric, and her classmates initially react to her odd behavior with suspicion and seem to be afraid of socializing with her. As time goes by, however, Stargirl's individualism and unique character inspires some of her classmates to think outside the box and become more open-minded. Later in the year, however, the tide turns against Stargirl, and her peers unite in rejecting her.
It is in the second half of the novel that Stargirl and Leo start dating, but Leo makes the mistake of trying to change Stargirl and make her more conventional—which she firmly is not. Leo eventually breaks up with Stargirl and ends up regretting it later in life.
This coming-of-age story, or bildungsroman, forces young readers to think about what it means to stand out and what the consequences of ostracizing someone are.
Last Updated by eNotes Editorial on
An illustration of the letter 'A' in a speech bubbles
Stargirl is about freedom and conformity. More specifically, it follows what happens when a strange and wonderful young woman named Stargirl enters a public high school. She's free-spirited, and unlike anything the students have seen. The students, including Leo the narrator, find her strange, then come to like her, then find her strange again. In Leo's case, the liking is personal--they become boyfriend and girlfriend--and in moving away from her, he breaks her heart and essentially betrays her. A fine and sad story.
Approved by eNotes Editorial Team
We'll help your grades soar
 - 30,000+ book summaries
 - 20% study tools discount
 - Ad-free content
 - PDF downloads
 - 300,000+ answers
 - 5-star customer support
Start your 48-Hour Free Trial


Plunge (Credit: Ian Watkinson, distributed via
GD Geodynamics Emile Argand Conferences on Alpine Geological Studies
EGU logo
European Geosciences Union
Division on Geodynamics
Emile Argand Conferences on Alpine Geological Studies
Emile Argand was a Swiss geologist who specialized in tectonics and mountain building processes. Based on his studies of the Alps and global tectonics, including the Himalayas, Argand developed the concept of mobilism. Much of Argand's work has been confirmed by modern plate tectonics, though the timing and mechanism proposed by his famous contemporary, Alfred Wegener, have been shown to be invalid.
The Alpine workshop is held every two years to further interdisciplinary research on Alpine-type orogens. It promotes the discussion of new data and interpretations based on studies addressing the structural, tectonic, metamorphic and sedimentary evolution of the Alps and adjacent Mediterranean Alpine-type orogens in an informal and friendly atmosphere.
Increasingly the community became aware of the fact that it is necessary to see the Alps as part of a larger system of Circum-Mediterranean orogens that form a continuous, but highly curved and extremely mobile orogenic system.
Past meetings


Disease Prevention Essay Example
Disease Prevention Essay Example
Disease Prevention Essay Example
Reasons Why Should Healthcare Organizations Develop Disease Prevention Strategies: Health care organizations have been successful in their practices that they have increased life expectancy. Management of the health of people with chronic conditions so far has been successful thus giving them health assurance (Segala, 2003). They are able to live for longer than before.Disease Prevention Essay Example The problem is that these chronic conditions are projected to be on the rise with the changes in the lifestyle of people. This raises an alarm; therefore, demanding for the development of disease preventing strategies. These strategies should be developed by the healthcare organizations, which have been of great help to people in their health management.Disease Prevention Essay Example
They can help in educating people on the dangers of alcohol, tobacco and management of chronic diseases (Segala, 2003). Additionally, if they develop disease prevention strategies they would be the best educators that can provide health education to the society. They have a greater chance of enforcing measures that would not interfere with their strategies. For example, they can influence the government to handle issue such as elimination of toxins and pollutants to improve water and foods that human consume.
Healthcare organizations have all the capacity and skills necessary for the development of strategies that would prevent diseases (Leiyu & Singh, 2008). They also understand various prevention measures that they should take. These are primary prevention dealing with prevention of disease from developing, secondary prevention dealing with screening to detect diseases before they fully develop and tertiary prevention, which deals with the prevention of further complication or illness (Leiyu & Singh, 2008). Healthcare organizations are facilities that should give the necessary attention to people with health issues. Therefore, they should develop the necessary strategies to prevent diseases.
The healthcare organizations understand almost all the causes of diseases in people's life.Disease Prevention Essay Example Therefore, they are the best individuals who can direct any sick person on what to do to avoid certain health hazards that may cause diseases. Some people do not understand that their lifestyle attract chronic disease in their life and so need to be educated. Diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and stroke among other conditions need proper management (Segala, 2003). Therefore, education on management is necessary; health care organizations and officials should provide it. Others understand their lifestyle could be dangerous but do not understand the impact that it could have.
Alcohol and tobacco are dangerous to the health of every individual; however, people ignore this. Strategies such as educating people on wise choice of life style and diet would be necessary (Segala, 2003). Healthcare organizations who have the prior knowledge of this would be the best people to develop these strategies among others. Additionally, since it would be from a health perspective it would bear more positive results especially since people today are exposed to health risks at a higher rate than a few years ago. Sunscreen is something that is causing untold suffering and deaths to thousands of people. In reality, people understand that they need sun; however, the exposure rate is unknown to most of them. That is why only healthcare organization would be best for such education in disease prevention.Disease Prevention Essay Example
Healthcare organizations have a duty to implement all the necessary strategies in preventing diseases. They should work with other organizations such as the Red Cross that support them and develop these strategies. Ethically, the health of every individual is dependent on the health organization. In conclusion, the society should understand that lifestyle is a major contributor of the health complications people face. Therefore, everybody should seek help from the healthcare organizations whenever a need arise. People should not live on an assumption of what they could be suffering from. They should always visit the healthcare for help and advice. Additionally, they should know that many diseases are preventable if the healthcare system utilizes their resources. On the other side, healthcare organizations should always major on the three preventive measures without ignoring any.Disease Prevention Essay Example
Permalink: _URL_
Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100
Use the following coupon code :
NURSING10


American English
Definition of pull-down adjective from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
 jump to other results
 1. 1designed to be used by being pulled down a pull-down bed
 2. 2 pull-down menu (computing) a list of possible choices that appears on a computer screen below a menu title
See the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary entry: pull-down


Barney Dreyfuss
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Barney Dreyfuss
Barney dreyfuss.jpg
Barney Dreyfuss at Exposition Park in 1903.
Date of birth: (1865-02-23)February 23, 1865
Place of birth: Freiburg, Baden, German Confederation
Date of death: February 5, 1932(1932-02-05) (aged 66)
Place of death: New York, New York, United States
Career information
College: None
As owner:
Louisville Colonels
Pittsburgh Pirates
Pittsburgh Stars
Career highlights and awards
Bernhard "Barney" Dreyfuss (February 23, 1865 – February 5, 1932) was an executive in Major League Baseball who owned the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise from 1900 to his death.
He is often credited with the creation of the modern baseball World Series. He also built one of baseball's first modern steel and concrete baseball parks, Forbes Field, in 1909. During his period of ownership, the Pirates won six National League pennants and World Series titles in 1909 and 1925; only the New York Giants won more NL championships (10) during the same period.
Early years[edit]
Dreyfuss was born in Freiburg, Grand Duchy of Baden in 1865. He attended school in Freiburg and later worked in a bank in nearby Karlsruhe. At the age of 16, he emigrated in 1881 to the US to escape conscription into the German Army. At the time, his prospects of being drafted into the military was high, and as a young Jew, his potential for advancement there was low. Dreyfuss's father, Samuel Dreyfuss (_PHONE_), was actually an American citizen since 1861, who had returned to Germany at the outbreak of the Civil War. Samuel Dreyfuss had made a fortune selling spirits to the Native Americans.[citation needed]
Once in America, Barney Dreyfuss lived and worked with the Bernheim family in Paducah, Kentucky. The Bernheims were relatives of his grandfather, Leon Bernheim. In 1888, he moved with the Bernheim family to Louisville, Kentucky. Dreyfuss arrived knowing little English, but he became a quick learner. In just a few years, he rose from being a clerk to an officer of Bernheim Brothers, the creator of I. W. Harper bourbon.
Louisville Colonels[edit]
Dreyfuss enjoyed the game of baseball. He fueled his interest by organizing amateur baseball teams first for the distillery workers, then semi-pro clubs around Louisville. In 1889 the distillery expanded into larger quarters of Louisville. Dreyfuss quickly used the increased profits to buy a piece of the Louisville Colonels of the American Association. The team won the league pennant in 1890 against the Brooklyn Bridegrooms (today's Los Angeles Dodgers). However, the American Association fell apart in 1891. As a result, Dreyfess moved the Colonels into the National League.
One of his best decisions was hiring a local city editor and educated lawyer, Harry Clay Pulliam, to serve as his club secretary; he later appointed Pulliam president. When Dreyfess immigrated to America, it was Pulliam who taught him how to speak English. However Pulliam's greatest contribution to Colonels occurred when he convinced Dreyfuss to sign future Hall of Famer Honus Wagner to the team.
For much of the 1890s, the Colonels were in last place in the National League. In 1899, Dreyfess paid $50,0000 to acquire full ownership of the Colonels. By this time, however, the National League contracted several teams after the 1899 season and Dreyfuss purchased a half-interest in the Pittsburgh Pirates. As part of the deal, he negotiated the transfer of the best Louisville players, namely Wagner, Fred Clarke, Tommy Leach, Deacon Phillippe, and Rube Waddell to Pittsburgh. To pull off this deal, Dreyfuss accepted an option to purchase an interest in the Pirates, then traded the best of the Colonel's players to the Pirates; he then used this leverage to buy out his partners. The Colonels' president, Harry Pulliam, also left for the Pirates with Dreyfuss and became the team's president.
Pittsburgh Pirates[edit]
In Pittsburgh, Honus Wagner soon emerged as the National League's biggest star. The Pirates then won NL pennants in 1901, 1902, and 1903.
World Series[edit]
However a bidding war was taking place between the National League and the upstart American League. Dreyfess was victorious in attempt to keep the new league out of Pittsburgh. However he knew that the bidding war needed to end for the leagues to be properous. In 1903, Dreyfuss brokered the peace treaty that recognized two major leagues. It also instituted a single set of rules, established agreements with the minor leagues, set up cooperative scheduling, and recognized each league's rights to its own players. To cash in on the peace between the leagues, an agreement with terms was created by Dreyfuss and Boston Pilgrims' (today's Boston Red Sox) owner Henry Killilea to create the modern World Series. Although his Pirates would lose to the Boston Pilgrims 5 games to 3, the games proved to be a success. Dreyfuss further cemented his reputation by adding his own share of the gate receipts to the players' winnings.
Forbes Field[edit]
At the end of the 1908 season, Dreyfuss decided it was time that Pittsburgh had a new, larger stadium for its growing fan base and winning team. The team's current field, Exposition Park, was made of wood and so close to the banks of the Allegheny River that the outfield regularly flooded after heavy rains.[1] Meanwhile across the state in Philadelphia, Philadlephia Athletics owners Ben Shibe and Connie Mack had decided to build a steel and concrete venue for their team. Dreyfuss, with no intention of being one-upped, began the construction of Forbes Field.
The new stadium was built in the city's Oakland district and was named after John Forbes, the French and Indian War general who captured Fort Duquesne in 1758 and renamed it Fort Pitt. Dreyfuss purchased seven acres of land near the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, adjacent to Schenley Park, with assistance from his friend, industrialist Andrew Carnegie.[2] The low-priced land was selected so Dreyfuss could spend more on the stadium itself.[2] Dreyfuss signed a contract that he would "make the ballpark... of a design that would harmonize with the other structures in the Schenley Park district."[3] The site was initially labeled "Dreyfuss's Folly" due to its long distance—a 10-minute trolley ride—from downtown Pittsburgh; however, the land around the park developed and criticisms were dropped.[2][4] Official Pirates' records show that Forbes Field cost US$1 million for site acquisition and construction, but some estimates place the cost at twice that amount.[4][5]
The new park opened on June 30, 1909, and Dreyfess personally shook hands with the fans as they entered through the gates. The crowd for the stadium's inaugural game included Pittsburgh Mayor William A. Magee, Harry Pulliam (now the National League President), and Congressman John K. Tener, a former Major League player who was soon to become the Governor of Pennsylvania. While Pirates did lose the their first game at Forbes to the Chicago Cubs, they did go on to win the 1909 World Series later that year, over the Detroit Tigers.
1910 to 1932[edit]
In 1912, Dreyfuss became one of the major stockholders of Welte & Sons Inc. However he was still involved in every decision made involving the Pirates. Under his leadership, the Pirates won two more National League pennants and the 1925 World Series over the Washington Senators. He successfully helped fight off the Federal League in 1914 and 1915, and then helped form the commission that investigated the 1919 Black Sox Scandal. He also worked to abolish the three-man commission that ran the National League in favor of appointing a baseball commissioner, a post to be occupied by Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis. He also worked to outlaw "freak" pitches such as the spitball, and he was a force in ridding the game of gambling.
Pittsburgh Stars[edit]
In 1902, Dreyfuss and Pittsburgh Pirates minority owner William Chase Temple were suspected of being the secret owners to the Pittsburgh Stars, a professional American football team in the first National Football League. Both men denied any connection to the Stars' finances, as well as being the team's true owners. While the team's owner on paper, David Berry, insisted that he was the team's sole owner, it was impossible for him to afford the money to finance the team without the backing of Temple or Dreyfuss. The Stars would go on to win the 1902 NFL championship.[6]
Dreyfuss died on February 5, 1932,[7] at age 66 in New York City


text:
To begin using the template builder you must first create a new campaign, or update a previous campaign. You can either use one of our templates or start building a new template from scratch.
- All elements are added to the page by clicking and dragging to the appropriate area.
- The elements section has 6 six subsections:
- Typography: Things such as headings, text placement, lists, features, price tables, and jumbotron.
- Media: Images and Photos
- Layout: Dividers, view in browser.
- Button: Buttons that people can click on
- Social: Social links.
- Footer: Your address and logo
- To change the placement of the elements click on the corner of the element and drag it to the correct location.
Adding Images and Media
- To add an image, go to the media tab and drag image from the menu to your template.
- Once you've added it into the template, click on the image to see the image menu.
- In that menu, there will be image settings. Click on it to open the drop-down where you will see the option to change the image.
- From there follow the instructions to upload an image. Changing the image size is in the same drop-down, just adjust the image width and height to the appropriate size.
Adding a text Link
- To add a link to the text highlight the text you want to make into a link. Then the text menu should appear above the highlighted text.
- In the text menu, there will be a button for adding a link, in the shape of a link. When filling out the 'Insert Link' box, make sure that your URL has no extra symbols in front or at the end of it.
Adding a link to a button
- First, add a button by going to the elements section and choosing 'button', then click and drag the feature into place.
There are two methods to add a link to a button.
- The first is by highlighting the text in your button and following the instructions to "Adding a Text Link"
- Or you can select the button itself, then you will be taken to the button drop-down menu. Copy and paste your link into the 'Hyperlink' section. Make sure there are no extra symbols before or after your link.
Adding the footer complete with social media, address, and logo.
- The social media list of icons falls under "Social" in the elements section.
- After dragging and dropping the style of icons you prefer, you will notice that all the social media icons are present. Click on the icons to get the "Social" menu to appear and then only select the icons of the social media you have set up. Then add the URL's, make sure there are no symbols before or after your URL.
- To add your complete address, go to the footer section of the elements tab. There you can add a foot with just your address or your address with your logo.


Log warnings if search returns no results because user has
 no permissions to search on queried indexes.
[subsearch]
* This stanza controls subsearch results.
* NOTE: This stanza DOES NOT control subsearch results when a subsearch is
 called by commands such as join, append, or appendcols.
* Read more about subsearches in the online documentation:
 _URL_
maxout = <integer>
* Maximum number of results to return from a subsearch.
* This value cannot be greater than or equal to 10500.
* Default: 10000
maxtime = <integer>
* Maximum number of seconds to run a subsearch before finalizing
* Default: 60
ttl = <integer>
* The time to live (ttl), in seconds, of the cache for the results of a given
 subsearch.
* Do not set this below 120 seconds.
* See the definition in the [search] stanza under the "TTL" section for more
 details on how the ttl is computed.
* Default: 300 (5 minutes)
subsearch_artifacts_delete_policy = [immediate|ttl]
* How subsearch artifacts are deleted after a sub search completes.
* Set to 'immediate' to have subsearch artifacts remove immediately after a
 subsearch completes.
* Set to 'ttl' to have subsearch artifacts delete after the time-to-live of
 the subsearch has been reached.
* For example, you could use '|noop subsearch_artifacts_delete_policy = [immediate|ttl]'
 to overwrite the setting for a particular search.
* Default: ttl
SEARCH COMMAND
 This section contains the limitation settings for the search command.
 The settings are organized by type of setting.
[search]
 The settings under the [search] stanza are organized by type of setting.
Batch search
 This section contains settings for batch search.
allow_batch_mode = <boolean>
* Specifies whether or not to allow the use of batch mode which searches
 in disk based batches in a time insensitive manner.
* In distributed search environments, this setting is used on the search head.
* Default: true
batch_search_max_index_values = <integer>
* When using batch mode, this limits the number of event entries read from the
 index file. These entries are small, approximately 72 bytes. However batch
 mode is more efficient when it can read more entries at one time.
* Setting this value to a smaller number can lead to slower search performance.
* A balance needs to be struck between more efficient searching in batch mode
* and running out of memory on the system with concurrently running searches.
* Default: _PHONE_
batch_search_max_pipeline = <integer>
* Controls the number of search pipelines that are
 launched at the indexer during batch search.
* Increasing the number of search pipelines should help improve search
 performance, however there will be an increase in thread and memory usage.
* This setting applies only to searches that run on remote indexers.
* Default: 1
batch_search_max_results_aggregator_queue_size = <integer>
* Controls the size, in MB, of the search results queue to which all
 the search pipelines dump the processed search results.
* Increasing the size can lead to search performance gains.
 Decreasing the size can reduce search performance.
* Do not specify zero for this setting.
* Default: 100000000
batch_search_max_serialized_results_queue_size = <integer>
* Controls the size, in MB, of the serialized results queue from which
 the serialized search results are transmitted.
* Increasing the size can lead to search performance gains.
 Decreasing the size can reduce search performance.
* Do not specify zero for this setting.
* Default: 100000000
NOTE: The following batch search settings control the periodicity of retries
 to search peers in the event of failure (Connection errors, and others).
 The interval exists between failure and first retry, as well as
 successive retries in the event of further failures.
batch_retry_min_interval = <integer>
* When batch mode attempts to retry the search on a peer that failed,
 specifies the minimum time, in seconds, to wait to retry the search.
* Default: 5
batch_retry_max_interval = <integer>
* When batch mode attempts to retry the search on a peer that failed,
 specifies the maximum time, in seconds, to wait to retry the search.
* Default: 300 (5 minutes)
batch_retry_scaling = <double>
* After a batch retry attempt fails, uses this scaling factor to increase
 the time to wait before trying the search again.
* The value should be > 1.0.
* Default: 1.5
Bundles
 This section contains settings for bundles and bundle replication.
load_remote_bundles = <boolean>
* On a search peer, allow remote (search head) bundles to be loaded in splunkd.
* Default: false.
replication_file_ttl = <integer>
* The time to live (ttl), in seconds, of bundle replication tarballs,
 for example: *.bundle files.
* Default: 600 (10 minutes)
replication_period_sec = <integer>
* The minimum amount of time, in seconds, between two successive bundle
 replications.
* Default: 60
sync_bundle_replication = [0|1|auto]
* A flag that indicates whether configuration file replication blocks
 searches or is run asynchronously.
* When set to "auto": The Splunk software uses asynchronous
 replication only if all of the peers support asynchronous bundle
 replication.
 Otherwise synchronous replication is used.
* Default: auto
bundle_status_expiry_time = <interval>
* The amount of time the search head waits before purging the status of a knowledge bundle
 push request to the indexer.
* The status is purged either when it is not queried for a period greater than
 this setting or when its associated bundle is deleted by the reaper.
* The interval can be specified as a string for minutes, seconds, hours, days.
 For example; 60s, 1m, 1h, 1d etc.
* Default: 1h
Concurrency
 This section contains settings for search concurrency limits.
base_max_searches = <integer>
* A constant to add to the maximum number of searches, computed as a
 multiplier of the CPUs.
* Default: 6
max_rt_search_multiplier = <decimal number>
* A number by which the maximum number of historical searches is multiplied
 to determine the maximum number of concurrent real-time searches.
* NOTE: The maximum number of real-time searches is computed as:
 max_rt_searches = max_rt_search_multiplier x max_hist_searches
* Default: 1
max_searches_per_cpu = <integer>
* The maximum number of concurrent historical searches for each CPU.
 The system-wide limit of historical searches is computed as:
 max_hist_searches = max_searches_per_cpu x number_of_cpus + base_max_searches
* NOTE: The maximum number of real-time searches is computed as:
 max_rt_searches = max_rt_search_multiplier x max_hist_searches
* Default: 1
Distributed search
 This section contains settings for distributed search connection
 information.
addpeer_skew_limit = <positive integer>
* Absolute value of the largest time skew, in seconds, that is allowed when
 configuring a search peer from a search head, independent of time.
* If the difference in time (skew) between the search head and the peer is
 greater than "addpeer_skew_limit", the search peer is not added.
* This is only relevant to manually added peers. This setting has no effect
 on index cluster search peers.
* Default: 600 (10 minutes)
fetch_remote_search_log = [enabled|disabledSavedSearches|disabled]
* When set to "enabled": All remote search logs are downloaded barring
 the oneshot search.
* When set to "disabledSavedSearches": Downloads all remote logs other
 than saved search logs and oneshot search logs.
* When set to "disabled": Irrespective of the search type, all remote
 search log download functionality is disabled.
* NOTE:
 * The previous Boolean values:[true|false] are still
 supported, but are not recommended.
 * The previous value of "true" maps to the current value of "enabled".
 * The previous value of "false" maps to the current value of "disabled".
* Default: disabledSavedSearches
max_chunk_queue_size = <integer>
* The maximum size of the chunk queue.
* default: _PHONE_
max_combiner_memevents = <integer>
* Maximum size of the in-memory buffer for the search results combiner.
 The <integer> is the number of events.
* Default: 50000
max_tolerable_skew = <positive integer>
* Absolute value of the largest time skew, in seconds, that is tolerated
 between the native clock on the search head and the native clock on the peer
 (independent of time zone).
* If this time skew is exceeded, a warning is logged. This estimate is
 approximate and tries to account for network delays.
* Default: 60
max_workers_searchparser = <integer>
* The number of worker threads in processing search result when using round
 robin policy


text:
How did it come about historically that っ preceding a sound would geminate it? Is it really a little つ or are they just near homomorphs?
This question should be broken into two different questions:
(For those who don't know the term: gemination simply means doubling of sounds, usually consonants. It's easy to get the sense once you see it comes from the same Latin root as Gemini).
The answer for the first question is simpler, and was already given: in historical kana usage, consonant gemination was originally represented either by a full-size つ or by another consonant that got elided (usually that would be く, as in 学校, which was written ガくカウ in old spelling, or き as in 石鹸, originally: セキケン). The small-tsu spelling is recent. It was used sometimes even in the 19th century to indicate that the sound got elided, if not earlier, but small kana letters became a standard only following the 1946 spelling reform.
The answer for the second question is more tricky. I don't have any historical linguistics books that I can check to get a definite answer for when the change happened, but it couldn't be earlier than the Heian period, and it was probably earlier than the 17th century. The reason for the change was quite simple: it happened in places where the sounds く and つ were already pronounced without the vowel (as still happens today in words such a ドクター and いつか which are usually pronounced
From here, the process that happened is quite simple: in words like 学校 the gemination was already there once the vowel disappeared and the word was pronounced
There are also some cases where the gemination was not caused by an elided consonant, but from the elision of a long vowel (like 真赤 まあか which became 真っ赤 まっか) or just because speakers decided to make the word longer for emphasis or some other reason (that's what happened in きっと, which was originally きと). These spontaneous geminations still happen today.
It's like a つ that gets dropped. You see it often in compound words where the first part would end in つ by itself. e.g., 発見（はっけん）. 発 is pronounced はつ by itself. はつけん is a little bit uncomfortable to pronounce, so it becomes はっけん. There are at least dozens if not hundreds of examples that follow this pattern.
Edit This is not the only place that the small tsu comes up. As Tsuyoshi Ito points out, there are other patterns such as 学校 （がっこう） instead of がくこう and 作家（さっか） instead of さくか.
The usage of the small tsu っ to be used officially as a geminate consonant can be traced back to the Japanese government in 昭和六一年七月一日 (July 1st 1986(I believe)). You can read the bulletin by the 文部科学省 (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; MEXT) that discusses this:
Notice: When using "tsu" for a geminate constant, it should be written in small form as much as possible.
Since 「なるべき」 is more of "where feasible, as much as possible" versus something more strict such as 「必ず (without fail)」, it does suggest the ability for this rule to be broken. This would most likely be in the cases of showing usage previous to this notice.
According to the Wikipedia page for 促音, it used to be a big つ, then was changed by law to a small one in the Heisei era. I'm not sure what the history of using つ to lengthen a sound is.
Edit Ah, like Brendan says, it's the つ that's trouble to pronounce made small. The Wikipedia page also says that it's small to differentiate it from a normal つ.
|show 1 more comment|


Tara Oceans Data Portal - Help
What Can I Use the TARA Data Portal (TOP) For?
TOP is designed to enable the community at large to lookup datasets containing data items related to experimental data collected during the TARA cruises. Dataset lookup can be performed by browsing according to various classifications or descriptions, but also using more advanced search forms. Whichever the means used to lookup datasets, the results will invariably be returned as tables listing matching datasets with their main properties. Each entry of these table is a link leading to a page detailing all that TOP knows about a dataset (who created it, who imported into TOP and when, what kind of data it contains, where the actual data file(s) can be found).
Can You Give Me Some Real Use Cases?
What is known about station TARA_054?
This can for example be determined by entering "TARA_054" in the quick search text field on the welcome page. The result table will contain a mix of datasets ranging from event log sheets to oceanographic context reports specific to station 54. And it will also contain more comprehensive datasets such as the sample registry and the event registry. Another means to achieve this is to go to the "Browse" page, select the "Sample Registry" tab and choose "TARA_054" in the "Stations" pull-down list (the Browsing section below gives some more detail about how to use this section).
What are the environmental parameters for samples collected at water temperatures between 18°C and 20°C?
Values for environmental parameters can be reached using the "Context/Environment Search" tab. In the form, the temperature values can be restricted using the sliders next to the "Tpot" field, and selecting the "Limited to" button left of the sliders before hitting the "Search" button. Results will be displayed in a table where each line matches a sample and each column corresponds to an environmental parameter.
What are the most recently uploaded datasets
Again, use the "Browse" tab. Select the "Date" tab immediately below. On the column headers of the dataset table, click on the "Last Update" header. The table will the be sorted according to the latest update date.
How to access datasets related to a given geographical area
This information is accessible using the "Advanced Search" tab. On the advanced search form, use the "Additionnal Criteria" drop-down menu to choose "Map". In the map panel that is the displayed, focus the map on the area of interest, then, use the icon next to "Map Mode" (located above the map) to switch to "Search Mode". It is then possible to draw a box on the map using the mouse. When hitting the "Search" button, teh result table will display datasets containing information about events and/or samples located in the box.
Hello World!
Hello World!
Hello World!


text:
Huila Province in Angola is set to construct three hydraulic dams at a cost of US$ 25m in the municipalities of Gambos, Chibia and Lubango as an emergency programme to counter drought in the region.
The Governor of Huila province, Marcelino Tyipinge, noted that the new dams project was for emergency, given that most areas had already been affected by drought. The new dams would help to harvest rainwater.
He also noted that work on the three dams will soon begin and with time, dams would be built in the municipalities of Quilenges and Chicomba.
- N2 rehabilitation project to be completed end of this year
- Siemens to build two gas-powered electricity plants in Libya
- International team unveil 76,000 m2 waterside development in Abu Dhabi
- Gift of the Givers to unveil aquifer project in drought-stricken Beaufort West
- Kenya: one million low cost houses to be constructed over the next five years


- Sunday, Aug 01, 2021
 - Last Update : 11:39 pm
Words of wisdom
 - Published at 06:03 pm April 15th, 2017
 - Last updated at 06:56 pm April 15th, 2017
Words of wisdom
We have just finished celebrating our Bangla New Year 1424. Thus, I felt the need existed to acquaint readers about the role played by adages in our lives.
Proverbs, adages, or "bochons" are short pithy sayings in common use. In origin, they belong to the same stage of ethnic and racial history as ballads and folk songs, and are sometimes related to the fable and the riddle.
Bochons and proverbs are found all over the world in every ethnic community. They provide an insight into the effects of cultural conditions, language, and local variations on expression. They form part of codes of behaviour, and exemplify the use of the sayings in the transmission of tribal wisdom and rules of conduct. Often, the same adage can be found in many variants. This process is similar in the case of Bengali adages.
In Bengal and its adjoining regions, bochons transcended boundaries and found expression with comparative similar meanings in other languages and dialects spoken in the Indian States of Orissa, Assam, Bihar, and Tamil Nadu, and also in Nepal.
Another common element in the proverbs and adages of Europe and that of Bengal is its fondness for homely imagery. This is so, because, in both instances they originated from rural sources. In Europe, they refer to pot and kettle, sheep, horse, cock and hen, cow and bull, dog, and the events of everyday life. In the case of Bengal, the adages and bochons refer to domestic animals and economic activities involving daily life.
All bochons and adages, however short they might be, have a singular characteristic: They generally have philosophical content and connote a special meaning. Such expressions are usually formulated on the basis of broad experience and not on emotion.
They are mental in character and social in nature. As a result, some Bangla linguists refer to adages as being "crystallised forms of human experience."
Bangla adages normally have dual meanings -- a literary and an inner meaning. Normally, the importance of the bochons lies in the significance of the symbolical meaning. As a consequence, sayings with metaphorical quality are more easily recognised as proverbial. This is what distinguishes it from an idiom. From that point of view they are really signposts and in a manner of speaking "fragments of an elder wisdom."
Bengali proverbs and bochons normally consist of a descriptive element that contains a topic and a comment. Based on common sense, they have in the villages of Bengal over the years, assumed the unwritten status of morality. They also reflect the ethos and, in more ways than one, the cultural identity of the people of this region.
Bangla adages usually have a theme and a distinct meaning. Some of them rely on the contradictory nature of the construction while others are comparative or complementary in nature. There are proverbs and bochons that deal with principles of social science, politics, and even economics. There are also bochons which deal with the weather, weather patterns, the supernatural, flora and fauna, and also the importance of astrology in daily life.
A careful analysis of the early economic history of Bengal indicates that farming and being associated with agriculture was considered very honourable
Mohammad Hanif Pathan, in his publication Bangla Probad Parichiti realistically identified the difficulties associated in the collection and publication of proverbs. He also correctly explained the significant factor of adages being based on oral tradition.
This creates its own dynamics and practical day-to-day interaction. It also moulds collective experience and helps in the evolution of terminology and idioms.
A historical appreciation of Bangla bochons and their relevance to rural Bengal would, however, be incomplete without reference to our ancient seer Khana.
Sayings of Khana form part of this country's traditional agricultural norms. They also constitute, in a manner of speaking, a body of suggestions regarding public health.
For many centuries, these have contributed towards understanding of this country's evolution in civilisation and culture. In Khana's bochons, most of the references are to paddy, bananas, and various types of vegetables. They are sometimes also philosophical in content. In her rhythm and prosody, Khana appears to be mostly under the influence of a particular period of medieval Bengali grammar. Another distinct feature is the great similarity between Khana's sayings and proverbs in Uriya in Kanara, Telegu, and Nepali.
This association between bochons and Bangla as a language has old roots. Different excavations carried out in 24 parganas, Mednipore and in Birbhum in the present day Indian State of West Bengal have indicated clear evidence of a continuing civilisation rich with agricultural knowledge.
A careful analysis of the early economic history of Bengal indicates that farming and being associated with agriculture was considered very honourable. Numerous references exist in Khana to the important role that farmers played in the economic history of Bengal. This was also evident in the poetry of the famous medieval poet Mukondoram, particularly in his work "Chandimongal."
Khana particularly noted more than once "goru, joru, dhan, ei tine rakhe maan," "jar golai nai dhan, tar abar kothar tan," and "jar nai goru, shey shobar horu." In all these sayings, Khana underlines the importance of having healthy farming animals and farm implements, for, essentially, these were, and still are, the factors for creating wealth in a rural household.
Surveys conducted in the near past in different districts of Bangladesh have revealed that though the inhabitants have not formally read about Khana, her adages, practiced locally, continue to have an unconscious impact on their daily lives.
Facebook 50
blogger sharing button blogger
buffer sharing button buffer
diaspora sharing button diaspora
digg sharing button digg
douban sharing button douban
email sharing button email
evernote sharing button evernote
flipboard sharing button flipboard
pocket sharing button getpocket
github sharing button github
gmail sharing button gmail
googlebookmarks sharing button googlebookmarks
hackernews sharing button hackernews
instapaper sharing button instapaper
line sharing button line
linkedin sharing button linkedin
livejournal sharing button livejournal
mailru sharing button mailru
medium sharing button medium
meneame sharing button meneame
messenger sharing button messenger
odnoklassniki sharing button odnoklassniki
pinterest sharing button pinterest
print sharing button print
qzone sharing button qzone
reddit sharing button reddit
refind sharing button refind
renren sharing button renren
skype sharing button skype
snapchat sharing button snapchat
surfingbird sharing button surfingbird
telegram sharing button telegram
tumblr sharing button tumblr
twitter sharing button twitter
vk sharing button vk
wechat sharing button wechat
weibo sharing button weibo
whatsapp sharing button whatsapp
wordpress sharing button wordpress
xing sharing button xing
yahoomail sharing button yahoomail


text:
Resin, or SLA, 3D printers excel in yielding super detailed models, which is why they're so popular for printing miniatures. However, these types of 3D printers are usually a bit lacking in print space.
While many FDM 3D printers have a build area more extensive than 250 x 250 mm, finding a resin machine with a print space greater than 150 x 150 mm is difficult. This limits you to only printing small or mid-size models (e.g. miniatures) on resin 3D printers, with larger models, like cosplay armor, being out of reach.
In an effort to expand what models I can 3D print in resin, I've scoured the world for the largest resin 3D printers. In the sections below, I've reviewed them based on user data online and my personal experiences with the machines.
Table of Contents
- Best Large Resin 3D Printers At A Glance
- Why Buy a Large Resin 3D Printer?
- What is the Difference Between FDM and Resin Printing?
- Is PLA Stronger than Resin?
- Do You Need to Cure Resin Prints?
- Why is Ventilation Important for Resin Printing?
Best Large Resin 3D Printers At A Glance
3D Printer Type: MSLA | Material: Resin | Build Volume: 192 x 120 x 200 mm
First up: the Elegoo Saturn 4K. The Saturn was made by the popular 3D printer manufacturer, Elegoo, and has a decent maximum print volume of 192 x 120 x 200 mm. It's obviously not the largest resin 3D printer on the market, but I still think it's worthy of discussion because it's such a good bang for your buck.
Moreover, for under $400, you get a resin printer with a 4K monochrome LCD screen. This means the prints that come out of the Saturn are super detailed, with 4K resolution and a dimensional accuracy of just 0.05 mm. You won't even be able to see any mistakes or layer lines on the prints!
And though the quality of prints was clearly a focus for Elegoo when making the Saturn, they didn't sacrifice the speed. At 2-3 seconds per layer, the Saturn is reasonably fast compared to other printers on the market. However, it is worth noting that the time your prints take to finish will also depend on the layer height you choose in the slicer program.
Another feature of the Saturn that I love is the easy-to-use touchscreen user interface. A simple and ergonomic UI layout is something often overlooked by 3D printer manufacturers, but not Elegoo!
So, if you're looking for a printer that brings you the most value for your dollar, look no further than the Elegoo Saturn. Of course, you can find larger print volumes on other printers, but it's hard to find a mid-size resin printer that has as many features at such an affordable price.
Note: Elegoo is releasing a newer, slightly larger version of the Saturn soon- the Saturn 2. Learn more here.
3D Printer Type: LCD-Based SLA | Material: Resin | Build Volume: 192 x 120 x 245 mm
Anycubic is one of the leading manufacturers of consumer-grade resin printers, and their Photon series carries many amazing printers. Similar to the Elegoo Saturn, the Photon Mono X offers a decent build volume of 192 x 120 x 245 mm.
Of course, the area (X/Y axes) is still pretty mid-size, but the 245 mm on the Z-axis is definitely impressive and will allow for taller prints (e.g. Eiffel Tower).
That said, the Mono X has a lot more to offer than just a good print volume, such as its insanely fast speeds. I'm not kidding when I say "insanely fast"; the Mono X can reach speeds as fast as 1.5-2 seconds per layer. That's 3 times faster than most other printers on the market, so printing larger models won't take so long.
You'll also be happy to know that controlling the Mono X is a breeze. On top of the basic touchscreen interface on the bottom of the printer, you can use Anycubic's control app to adjust settings, monitor the print status, and so much more.
The quality on this machine is also something worth noting, as Anycubic has fitted one of their "Matrix" monochrome 4K screens on the Mono X. This yields astounding detail on prints, and I'm always surprised when I can't find any layer lines on models, even when I use a magnifying glass.
Overall, I think the Anycubic Photon Mono X is the best choice for a relatively large resin printer. It's big enough for most mid-size and almost-large 3D prints, but the high-quality 4K screen, ultra-fast print speeds, and control features make it all worth the money!
3D Printer Type: LFS | Material: Formlabs Resin | Build Volume: 335 x 200 x 300 mm
When it comes to premium-quality resin printing, Formlabs runs the show… they practically invented it. The Formlabs Form 3L is the extra large version of the Formlabs 3, which is the third version of the original Formlabs SLA printer that brought the company fame.
And Formlabs never disappoints. The 3L is packed with advanced features that yield exceptional resin models with impressive reliability. The most important feature, of course, is the 335 x 200 x 300 mm maximum build volume, which allows for even the most imaginative prints to be turned into real life.
With this much build space and at a very high price point, the Formlabs 3L is probably most catered towards professional businesses, like design firms, who need to print large architectural models with a high level of detail. However, the Formlabs 3L might still be a worthy investment for personal use if you want large, high-detail prints, like many cosplay models.
On this note about detail on prints, the Formlabs 3L can achieve an X/Y resolution of 25 microns and the same accuracy for the Z-layer resolution. For reference, 1 millimeter, which is already hard to see, is 1000 microns, so an accuracy of 25 microns is absolutely bonkers.
Sadly, as a Formlabs printer, the 3L is only compatible with Formlabs-branded resin, which is a lot more pricey than your typical resin. However, this resin is also optimized to yield the most detail on the printer, so it's kind of worth it. Formlabs also offers you a few resin versions of the resin, including a high-detail version, speed version, and some other options.
As for the reliability of the Formlabs 3L, it's insane how long this printer can go without failing in even the slightest way. The many sensors onboard the 3L also make the print intelligent enough to alert you when certain issues occur.
And don't worry about using the machine as it shouldn't be difficult at all, with the printer's 5.5-inch full-color LCD screen and well-developed user interface. Formlabs also makes all of its software in-house, so the slicer is specifically meant to work with Formlabs printers.
So, is the multi-thousand-dollar price tag of the Formlabs 3L out of reach for most consumers? Its huge build volume, along with its insane detail quality and reliability, make the machine worth it for many. As such, it only makes sense that I give the Form 3L the title of Premium Choice.
3D Printer Type: LCD | Material: Resin | Build Volume: 330 x 185 x 400 mm
Phrozen is another high-end manufacturer of resin 3D printers, and the Phrozen Sonic Mega 8K is one beast of a printer. Out of all of the printers on this list, and even those not included, the Sonic Mega 8K has the largest build volume, boasting a usable space of 330 x 185 x 400 mm.
But the "Mega" in the name of this printer doesn't just relate to the large build volume of the printer, but also the print quality. Moreover, Phrozen states that this machine can achieve a printing accuracy of just 43 microns. While this isn't as low (detailed) as the Formlabs 3L's 25-micron accuracy, it's still excellent and will bring you more detail in prints than you probably ever need.
This high level of detail offered by the Sonic Mega is possible through the printer's 8K resolution Mono-LCD screen. The 405-nm ParaLED Matrix 3.0 lighting source also contributes to the high-quality prints produced by the printer and is known for its reliability.
On top of the electronics being superb, the mechanical aspects of the Sonic Mega 8K are also note-worthy.
There are not one but two high-end linear rails for the Z-axis movement of the printer. This provides super stable motion as the build plate moves up throughout the print job, significantly reducing the chances of issues like layer wobbling.
Additionally, the entire frame of this printer is constructed of metal. While this makes the printer pretty heavy, it shows that the printer isn't some cheap Chinese garbage, and you get your money's worth. And, on this note, the Phrozen Sonic Mega 8K isn't a cheap printer, costing a little over $2000.
But what I love most about the Sonic Mega 8K is how Phrozen calibrates all of their printers before sending them out. This shows the exceptional service quality of the manufacturer and


text:
9. ring:bit car v2 accelerometer arithmetic¶
Accelerometer arithmetic of the Ring:bit car
9.1. Required Materials¶
1 x Micro:bit
1 x Ring:bit Car
Micro:bit is a small coding computer which was given by the BBC. It is specially designed for adolescent programming education and to male programming more easy and interesting.
ELECFREAKS Ring:bit car 2 is a small DIY smart car driven by the BBC micro:bit and the ELECFREAKS Ring:bit. The Ring:bit extends the micro:bit's 3 GPIO ports and allow for different sensors and components to be easily attached to the micro:bit. A basic Ring:bit Car can be easily programmed to run autonomously, with a remote control, and even create rainbow beacons of light. Just add one of the many extensions available and your Ring:bit Car can do even more things like line and light following, obstacle avoiding, drawing and more!
Wireless Technology Wireless technology sends message by radio wave because changes of electricity will generate waves. We can use this to load the message to the wave. Variation of electromagnetic field will generate the electricity when the electromagnetic is arrving the receiver. Then, to extract the message from wave by demodulation to send the message.
Acceleration Sensor The accelerometer is a kind of sensor to measure the accelerated speed. It has included mass block, damper, elastic component, sensitive element and optimal tuning circuit. The sensor is measuring the inertia force and getting the acceleration magnitude by newton's second law during its accelerating. According to the difference of sensitive element, the common used accelerometer has included capacitance, strain, piezoresistive and piezoelectric.
The new version accelerometer chip of micro:bit is different from the old version. The new version has combined the electronic compass and the accelerometer. No change for usage.
Step 1：Add Coding Package¶
Click on "Advanced" in the MakeCode Drawer to see more code sections.
Search for "ringbitcar" and click on the ring:bit car package to add it to your project. (As below picture)
Note：If you get a warning telling you some packages will be removed because of incompatibility issues, either follow the prompts or create a new project in the Project file menu.
Step 2：Principle of arithmetic¶
The accelerometer has 2 directions: x-axis and Y-axis. It is easy to understand when you put the micro:bit and the Ring:bit Car to a same three dimensional coordinate axis in a top view.
Move direction and speed of the car is controlling by micro:bit's direction.
Move forward to the right, the value of x-axis and Y-axis are positive number. The speed of the left wheel should be greater than the right wheel and complete turn right.
Others in the same way.
Result: The value of Y-axis plus the x-axis is the value of the left wheel; the value of Y-axis minus the x-axis is the value of the right wheel.
Step 3：Code Interpretation(The controlling end)¶
On start, set wireless to
90, same with the car.
In the forever loop, send the acceleration magnitude of the X-axis. The scope of the acceleration magnitude is
-1024~+1024, the car speed is
-100~+100, so we need to divided by ten.
In the forever loop, send the acceleration magnitude of the Y-axis and divided by ten.
Step 4：Code Interpretation(The car)¶
On start, set the left wheel to P1 and the right wheel to P2 (subject to the actual) and show an icon. Set wireless value to 90 (same with the sending side), to set variable XValue and variable yValue to save the value of X-axis and Y-axis.
On radio received the value, if it is X, save the data to
xValue, if it is Y, save the data to
Then, calculating the speed value of the right and left wheel, set them to corresponding value.
9.5. Reference Program¶
Remote Control Coding¶
If you don't want to type these code by yourself, you can directly download the whole program from the link below:---
The Ring:bit car moves as direction of the gyroscope and oblique angle controls its speed.


VisualizationDatasetAttributeDataType
This page contains
 Fields
 name: VisualizationDatasetAttributePrimitiveType!
 Primitive data type
 pattern: String
 Date or Timestamp parsing pattern
 precision: Int
 Decimal type precision
 scale: Int
 Decimal type scale
 Parent objects of VisualizationDatasetAttributeDataType
 VisualizationDatasetAttribute
 A dataset attribute can be thought of as a column in a database table. Clients can specify various fields that will aid in optimizing storage and retrieval.


The beauty of cosmic education
Painting by Anna Lorenz
I am always looking for new challenges, for both my class and myself. This is an idea that worked out just the way I hoped it would…I am proud to present our English spoken digital book: The life of Nelson Mandela in 31 paintings.
It was great to all work together on this project. The integration of history, human rights, culture, arts, English and ICT, makes this project a good example of the endless possibilities of our beautiful cosmic education.
Based on the book Madiba by Angela Machiel-Guépin, the children painted an important moment of Mandela's life. I took photos and uploaded them to the app Explain Everything. Then the children could record their own voice, reading the supporting English text of the painting. Some children were appointed 'pronunciation coach' and helped others practise their lines.
One can make a digital (art) book on any subject. The beauty of a biography however, is that each child is responsible for his/her own part, but every part (child) is needed to make the book (the life story) complete.
The result is wonderful and I am very proud of my class!
Enjoy The life of Nelson Mandela in 31 paintings.
Paintings (acrylic) and voice-over by the children of _USER_ (9-11 year-olds).
2 suggeties bij "The beauty of cosmic education
Geef een reactie
Je reageert onder je account. Log uit / Bijwerken )
Google photo
Je reageert onder je Google account. Log uit / Bijwerken )
Je reageert onder je Twitter account. Log uit / Bijwerken )
Facebook foto
Je reageert onder je Facebook account. Log uit / Bijwerken )
Verbinden met %s


text:
This is an infrastructure project preparatory to a commercial development by Sainsbury's at Talbot Green near Llantrisant in Rhondda Cynon Taf.
The scope of work included works to Glamorgan Vale roundabout on the A473, with a new access road and internal roundabout, separate access off the A473 to a service yard, gas main diversions, construction of a flood bund, and plateau work and ground improvements for the new Sainsbury's store. The site is partly a brownfield development, therefore remediation was carried out at the outset of the project.
Value engineering we proposed on the scheme included the use of elliptical pipes instead of box culverts, providing a significant saving, and the use of 6B stone 'starter layer' with triaxial geogrid for ground stabilisation works.
We worked with Natural Resources Wales to co-ordinate our dewatering operations, including the construction of settlement ponds to avoid silting the adjacent river. The site is adjacent to the Pant Marsh ecological area; we prepared a Biodiversity Plan for the scheme as part of our Site Environmental Management Plan, with supervision from White Young Green throughout to ensure the area was not affected.
We liaised with a nearby school, and programmed our works to avoid excessive vibration during school hours. We also arranged for excess topsoil to be provided for Pontyclun Rugby Club.
Valad Property Group


text:
|Influence of magnetic fields
The magnetic circuit of an NEC Miniature Signal Relay is constructed so that the relay does not easily malfunction due to the influence of external magnetic fields. However, under the influence of magnetic flux leaking from a transformer, speaker, or magnet placed in the vicinity of the relay, the must operate voltage, must release voltage, operate time, release time and other dynamic characteristics may change.
In applications where a change in these characteristics poses problems, it is necessary to take measures such as magnetic shielding. The magnetic flux leaking from relays that are densely located may cause them to interfere with each other. Fig. 9 shows examples of the mounting, magnetization, and change in the must operate voltage of signal relays in the EA2 series. In applications where these characteristics changes pose a problem, it is necessary to reduce the mounting density.


text:
An Injector Component Model for Complete Microfluidic Electrokinetic Separation Systems
R. Magargle, J.F. Hoburg and T. Mukherjee
Carnegie Mellon University, US
Keywords: microfluidic, electrokinetic, cross, injector
This work presents a closed-form, numerically derived model of a key microfluidic electrokinetic separation system component, the cross injector. The model fits into a framework such that it can be combined with a network of other component models, such as a mixer, reactor, separation channel, and detector, to model a complete microfluidic separation system. The model is based on a reduction of the full 5-dimensional parameter space to a manageable 2-dimensional parameter space. The resultant model is valid for Peclet numbers ranging from 10 to 5000 and shows a worst case variance equal to the channel width squared.
Nanotech 2004 Conference Technical Program Abstract

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Bowhead Scarring Study
|Co-Principal Investigators||J. Craig George, Ph.D., Raphaela Stimmelmayr, Gay Sheffield (UAF-MAP)|
|Collaborators||D. J. Reed (ADF&G), Robert Suydam, Barb Tudor|
|Funding||NSB-DWM, NSB Shell Baseline Studies Program|
Analysis of scars from aerial photographs as well as photographs of harvested bowhead whales will be done to estimate the frequency of scarring events from line entanglement with fishing gear, ship strikes, killer whale bites or other injuries. We hope to come up with information which will be useful for management recommendations and for mitigation of future activity or development plans.
We have summarized the kinds of scars that occur on landed bowhead whales. While most scars are jagged scars, probably from injuries from ice, some whales show rope entanglement, ship strikes, and killer whale injuries. We identified and counted scars from over 500 harvested bowhead whales between _PHONE_. We also made a list of bowhead whales with commercial fishing gear on them that were either harvested, found dead, or observed alive. Our "first look" suggests that about 13% of harvested bowheads show entanglement injuries and/or scars. The occurrence of entanglement scars was larger for large whales with about 50% of large bowheads (over 53 feet) showing fishing-gear scars. Whales less than 30 ft rarely show entanglement scars. Scars associated with ship strikes are rare and occur on only 2-3% of all harvested whales. Scarring from killer whale injuries were fairly common really large bowheads (over 50 feet) but less common on bowheads less than 30 feet. These kinds of injuries do not seem to be slowing the rate of recovery of bowheads but are something the Department wants to "keep an eye on".
Fisheries bycatch is now considered the greatest threat to cetaceans worldwide by the IWC. Entanglement scarring has been observed on Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Sea (BCBS) bowhead whales even though their high-latitude distribution is mostly north of commercial fishing operations; however, some spatial overlap occurs in winter. We have examined aerial photographs of all inter-year matches (between 1985, 1986, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2011) from a multi-year photo markrecapture study and identified whales that had acquired entanglement injuries during the study period. The black skin of the bowhead heals as a white scar leaving a permanent record of past injury. We estimated the probability of a bowhead acquiring an entanglement injury using two statistical methods. Both methods give similar results suggesting a 2.2% (1.1% and 3.3%) annual probability of acquiring an entanglement-scar, suggesting that about 40% of adult whales will be scarred after ~25 years. This estimate is consistent with the percentage of harvested whales 50 years and older that carry entanglement scars. Similarly, in our recently published work on harvested bowheads by Alaska Native hunters, we noted that 12.2% had evidence of entanglement scarring, likely associated with Bering Sea commercial fisheries. Similarly, our analysis of a fully independent dataset of aerial photographs (from 2011, n = 693) with adequate photo quality of the caudal peduncle indicates that 12.6% (n = 87) show evidence of entanglement scarring. These various estimates are quite consistent and provide a good indication of the current status of bowhead entanglement rates. While the BCBS bowhead population is increasing at a relatively strong rate, these independent datasets indicate that fish/crab gear entanglement is a more serious concern for BCBS bowheads than previously thought. The Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, UA Fairbanks, and North Slope Borough have engaged with the Alaska Bering Sea Crabbers to discuss specifics about gear types, range overlap, and the goal of stabilizing and/or reducing entanglement. (see poster presented at AMSS 2019 below)
You can help!
If you see line entanglement injuries, propeller injuries or killer whale bites on your landed whale or see injuries like these on whales at sea, please try to take a photograph and let us know.
- Citta, J.J., J.J. Burns, L.T. Quakenbush, V. Vanek, J.C. George, R.J. Small, M.P. Heide‐Jørgensen, H. Brower. 2013. Potential for bowhead whale entanglement in cod and crab pot gear in the Bering Sea. Marine Mammal Science 30(2). DOI:10.1111/mms.12047.
- George, J.C., et al. 2015. Evidence of injuries from line entanglements, killer whales, and ship strikes on Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Sea bowhead whales. Presented to the 66th International Whaling Commission. SC/66a/HIM10.
- George, J.C., et al. 2017. Frequency of injuries from line entanglements, killer whales, and ship strikes on Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas bowhead whales. Arctic 70(1):37-46.
- George, J.C., et al. 2017. Initial investigations of bowhead whale entanglement scar frequency and acquisition rates via aerial photography. Presented to the 67th International Whaling Commission. SC/67a/HIM04.
- George, J.C., et al. 2019. Entanglement-scar acquisition rates and scar frequency for Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas bowhead whales using aerial photography. Marine Mammal Science, DOI: 10.1111/mms.12597.
- Sheffield, G., et al. 2013. Line entanglements, predatory orcas, and ship strikes on western Arctic bowhead whales. Poster presentation at the Alaska Marine Science Symposium, January 2013, Anchorage, Alaska.
- Sheffield, G., et al. 2016. Bowhead whale in the Bering Strait region entangled in commercial crab pot gear. Poster presented at the Alaska Marine Science Symposium, Anchorage, Alaska, January 2016.
- George, J.C., et al. 2017. Entanglement Scar Acquisition Rates for Bowhead Whales from Interyear Photo-ID Matches. Poster presentation at the Biennial Marine Mammal Society Conference in Halifax, Nova Scotia, November 2017.
- George, J.C., et al. 2018. Entanglement scar acquisition rates for bowhead whales from interyear photo-ID matches. Poster presentation at the Alaska Marine Science Symposium in Anchorage, Alaska, January 2018.
- George, J.C. et al. 2019. Update on bowhead whale bycatch: Observed in aerial photos and landed whales. Poster presentation at the Alaska Marine Science Symposium in Anchorage, Alaska, January 2019.
- Shpak, O.V. and R. Stimmelmayr. 2017. Preliminary image analysis of acute and chronic injuries, parasites, and skin conditions in the Okhotsk Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) stock in the western Okhotsk Sea. Presented to the 67th International Whaling Commission. SC/67a/E01.


text:
The strange and unique feeding system of these deep-sea crabs has fascinated us since they were first found, in the deep trenches of the Pacific, then the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Now their relatives have been worked out.
The Australians might be expected to be a little isolated from the global effects of climate change. Not true, plus they seem to be possibly the most aware of the dangers of selling their coal to Asia while suffering some terrible effects from global warming.
Red Cross Day was celebrated for the first time throughout the world on 8 May 1948, the anniversary of the birth of Henry Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross. In the years that followed it changed its name several times, but in 1984 it finally became World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day.


text:
Power and automation technology group ABB has developed a patented technology for the comprehensive recycling of contaminated SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) gas, based on a new energy-efficient cryogenic process. The new technology, announced in December 2011 and developed by an Australian team at ABB's Moorebank, New South Wales facility, will be implemented at a dedicated SF6 gas-recycling centre at Moorebank. Australia will be the first country in a global rollout of this new technology.
Purity of recycled SF6 gas using the newly developed technology is ~99.99 per cent. According to ABB, this exceeds the purity that can be achieved using traditional methods and removes the need for costly and energy intensive gas destruction. Using recycled SF6 gas will help reduce carbon emissions and could result in a cost saving potential of up to 30 per cent.


text:
What is the Kurt Gottschalk Science Fund?
The Science Fund supports new initiatives that disseminate information and science-informed management practices to foresters and other natural resource professionals. It also supports recognition of research being conducted by graduate students in forestry and natural resources.
Kurt Gottschalk was a long-time chair of the SAF's Forest Science and Technology Board and was serving on the national board of directors at the time of his passing.
How Your Donation Helps
- Continuing Education, Outreach, and Collaboration: Financial support for technology transfer that helps land managers apply the latest in science, such as for conferences, scientific publications, special issues in scientific journals, and more.
- Leadership Development: Funding to foster scientific leadership.
- Recognition of Student Research: Annual cash awards for best presentations and posters at the SAF National Convention.
- Forestry Research: Funding for graduate students and other researchers to focus on their core research questions by funding the identification and prioritization of research needs, literature reviews, seed money to collect preliminary data required to develop larger research proposals, and more.


text:
The Independent Certifier or Tester role is very similar in many respects to the Clerk of Works role detailed elsewhere and is a role principally used on PFI or PPP projects to provide assurance to the principal stakeholders that the works are being completed in accordance with the client's standards, specification and schedule as provided within the legal documents.
We establish the completion criteria based on the requirements of the project agreement, the expectation of the stakeholders and benchmarking standards at the earliest opportunity. Our approach ensures that from the outset all stakeholders know, understand and agree the requirements for completion.
During site inspections and system audits we monitor the quality of the construction services and the suitability of the management systems to deliver whilst also ensuring compliance with the project requirements as work progresses.
Witnessing completion testing, reviewing test and commissioning results and confirming compliance with the agreed completion criteria is the final part of the assessment allowing certification of completion.
To perform the role well a mix of skills are required including:
- A detailed knowledge of construction
- A close attention to detail
- Good interpersonal skills
- Clear communication of the testing requirements and timings
- Close collaboration with the contractor to jointly develop the completion process