text:
Each year a disproportionate share of the nation's fatalities occur on local roads: almost three times as frequently as on the Interstate Highway System, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. On July 13, 2015, Secretary of Transportation Anthony Foxx signed a resolution reflecting the need to improve safety on county-owned roads and affirming that the U.S. Department of Transportation will work with the National Association of Counties (NACo) to improve road safety in America's communities. According to Secretary Foxx,
Improving the safety and resiliency of our transportation infrastructure depends to a significant extent on the quality of county-owned roads. Counties are responsible for building and maintaining not only a large number of transit systems, but also approximately 230,000 bridges, and 43 percent of our public roads. Unfortunately, far too many deaths occur on such roads. Making safety improvements on county-owned roads is critical to the health and economy of our country, and reducing fatalities and serious injuries on all public roadways continues to be a national priority.
In partnership with the Federal Highway Administration Office of Safety, NACo has released Local Road Safety: A Focus for County Elected Officials. This document highlights a number of resources and techniques that county leaders can use to improve safety on local roads. To read, click here.


text:
Most of Arizona has experienced low levels of recorded seismicity, but a comprehensive analyses of seismic activity revealed that nearly 1,000 earthquakes have rattled the stated over the past three years.
Researchers at ASU's School of Earth and Science Exploration used new seismic data collected as part of the EarthScope project to develop methods to detect and locate small magnitude earthquakes across the entire state.
EarthScope's USArray Transportable Array was deployed in Arizona and provided the first opportunity to examine seismicity on a statewide scale. Its increased sensitivity allowed researchers to find almost 1,000 earthquakes during a three-year period, including many in regions of Arizona that were previously thought to be seismically inactive.
One-thousand earthquakes over three years may sound alarmingly high, but ninety-one percent of the quakes detected were "microquakes" with a magnitude of 2.0 or smaller. These quakes are typically not felt by humans.
The largest earthquakes and the majority of seismic activity recorded in Arizona have been located in the north-central portion of Arizona. Recently, a pair of magnitude 4.9 and 5.3 earthquakes occurred in the Cataract Creek area outside of Flagstaff. Earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 or larger also have occurred in other areas of the state, including a magnitude 4.2 earthquake in December 2003 in eastern Arizona and a magnitude 4.9 earthquake near Chino Valley in 1976.
The results of the study appear in a paper titled, "Seismicity within Arizona during the Deployment of the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array," published in the August 2012 issue of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: The helicopter game on the TI-89 calculator was a favorite for anyone taking Calculus in my Junior year of high school. The user interface was incredibly simple—a single button to control the height of your flying helicopter. The task of the game was equally simple—to guide your helicopter through a 2-D cave space. Apart from the game being intuitive, we all enjoyed the game because we could play it in class without our teachers knowing. There was also the comic effect of playing games on something meant for mathematical calculations. In reading "Acting with Technology", the authors mention that "activity is proposed as the basic unit of analysis providing a way to understand both subjects and objects, an understanding that cannot be achieved by focusing on the subject or the object separately". In the same fashion, we can come to understand why such a simple game is so engaging for the users. The subjects are calculus students in high school listening to their teacher for an hour. The calculator is the medium by which one can play the helicopter game. Viewing the subject and object separately we lose understanding as to why the game is so engaging. Together we realize that the game itself has little meaning. The engagement stems from the tool—one which hides the users real intentions from the teacher.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Come get your daily dose of science! What is JP's Emporium of Science and Wonder? It's a science club complete with special guests, STEAM topics, hands on activities, online design challenges, math olympics, and ways to create art inspired by SCIENCE! Science Club meets daily from 2:30-3:30 EDT!
Come find your science community at JP's Emporium of Science and Wonder, where there is literally something for everyone!
Science for all, JP's Emporium of Science and Wonder where fun and learning abound!
Emmy Award Winning Creator and Host of Janet's Planet.
What Janet finds to be true is that ENGAGEMENT requires relationship. When you have an experience with something, then you begin to create relationship out of that experience, and once there is relationship, then there can be engagement, interest, passion and action; but first and foremost, we must provide and encourage experiences with science in order to inspire future generations to use their innate intelligence and creativity to make scientific, artistic and technological advances needed for this planet and the exploration of other worlds.
Janet is an advocate, educator, communicator, and female role model of STEM/STEAM and is committed to sharing t.he joy of exploration and discovery with children around the globe. Janet's mission is to encourage science literacy globally and particularly to embody the role of science mentor for the next generation of women in space and science.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
AC circuits pose a double threat. First of all, acoustic data can be leaked through the AC circuit (230 V). And secondly, there is a threat of information signals leak from office equipment.
There exist passive and active techniques for AC (220 V) protection against unauthorized data retrieval.
Passive 220 V circuits protection implies using anti-interference line filters. Such filters weaken any signals in the frequency band of 0.01-1,000 MHz with the efficiency of at least 60 dB and, thus, do not let the information signals generated in office equipment get through. Besides, a correctly installed filter also protects office equipment from the harmful effect of external interference. It's worth mentioning that efficient operation of anti-interference filters requires high-quality grounding.
Active AC circuits (220 V) protection techniques imply generation of a noise signal exceeding the information signals and signals of information retrieval devices in level by special generators. Such noise signals are supplied to the 220 V circuit and to the ground circuit. These generators produce noise for 220 V circuits and ground circuits.
Active AC circuits (220 V) protection Is an information security device that is designed to actively protect informatization equipment against information leaks through the power grid and ground system. The Product provides protection against data leaks through the 220 V single-phase three-wire power grid with the frequency of 50 Hz by generating broadband noise interference in all the masking interference conductors in power supply and ground circuits in the frequency band of 0.01 – 1,800 MHz.


find here more details. In that case, the "tree" is dated.
library(ggtree)
#Extraction of the full transmission tree from the simulated data
test.nosoiA.tree <- getTransmissionTree(test.nosoiA)
#> Warning: 'mutate_()' was deprecated in dplyr 0.7.0.
#> Please use 'mutate()' instead.
#> See vignette('programming') for more help
#Plotting the tree using ggtree
ggtree(test.nosoiA.tree) + geom_nodepoint(aes(color=state)) + geom_tippoint(aes(color=state)) +
 theme_tree2() + xlab("Time (t)") + theme(legend.position = c(0,0.8),
 legend.title = element_blank(),
 legend.key = element_blank())
Epidemic
Spread in discrete structured populations
The simulation above takes place in a discrete structured population (states are "A", "B", "C"). The following animated plot shows the size of active infected hosts in each state as well the migration event ongoing at every time step.
#Packages needed:
library(ggplot2)
library(viridis)
library(igraph)
library(ggnetwork)
library(tidyverse)
library(gganimate)
#Getting the layout for the states
transition.matrix = matrix(c(0,0.2,0.4,0.5,0,0.6,0.5,0.8,0),nrow = 3, ncol = 3,dimnames=list(c("A","B","C"),c("A","B","C")))
 # melting the matrix go get from -> to in one line with probability
 # melted.transition.matrix <- reshape2::melt(transition.matrix, varnames = c("from","to"), value.name="prob", as.is = TRUE)
 melted.transition.matrix <- as.data.frame.table(transition.matrix,
 stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
 colnames(melted.transition.matrix) <- c("from", "to", "prob")
melted.transition.matrix = subset(melted.transition.matrix, prob!=0)
graph.Matrix <- graph.data.frame(melted.transition.matrix,directed=T)
layout <- ggnetwork(graph.Matrix, layout = in_circle(), arrow.gap=0.18)[c(1:3),c(1,2,3)] #using ggnetwork to provide the layout
#Loading data from the simulation
test.nosoiA.data <- getTableState(test.nosoiA)
#Loop to get the number of infected in each state per unit of time
results <- data.frame()
for (i in 1:max(test.nosoiA.data$time.from)) {
 temp <- subset(test.nosoiA.data, time.from <= i & c(time.to > i |is.na(time.to)))[,c("hosts.ID","state")]
 temp$time <- i
 results <- data.table::rbindlist(c(list(temp),list(results)))
}
test2 <- results %>% group_by(time,state) %>% summarise(N=length(hosts.ID)) %>% left_join(layout,by=c("state"="name"))
#Loop to get the transitions between states and their time
results2=data.frame()
for (i in unique(test.nosoiA.data$hosts.ID)) {
 subset.current <- test.nosoiA.data[i]
 if(nrow(subset.current) > 1){
 for (j in 1:(nrow(subset.current)-1)){
 temp <- data.table(hosts.ID=i,time=as.integer(subset.current[j]$time.to),from=subset.current[j]$state,to=subset.current[j+1]$state)
 results2 <- data.table::rbindlist(c(list(temp),list(results2)))
 }}}
test3 <- results2 %>% group_by(time,from,to) %>% summarise(N=length(hosts.ID)) %>% left_join(layout,by=c("from"="name")) %>% left_join(layout,by=c("to"="name"),suffix=c("from","to"))
#Animated plot (using gganimate):
animated.plot <- ggplot() +
 geom_point(data=test2,aes(x,y, color=state,size=N)) +
 geom_curve(data=test3, aes(x=xfrom,y=yfrom,xend=xto,yend=yto),arrow = arrow(length = unit(0.03, "npc"),type = "closed"),curvature = 0.2,color="gray50") +
 scale_color_viridis(guide=FALSE,discrete=TRUE) + theme_blank() + ylim(-0.5,1.2) + xlim(-0.5,1.2) + geom_text(data=layout,aes(x=x,y=y-0.2,label = name), size = 6,color="black") +
 geom_text(data=test2,aes(x=x,y=y+0.2,label = N), size = 6,color="black") +
transition_states(time) + scale_size_continuous(guide=FALSE,range = c(5, 30)) +
 labs(title = "Time: {closest_state}")
animate(animated.plot, nframes=test.nosoiA$total.time*2+10,duration=40,end_pause=10)
Of course, these 3 locations could correspond to particular geographic areas, for example the Benelux region (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). The code above could be easily modified:
library(dplyr)
countries.centroids <- data.frame(name=c("Belgium","Netherlands","Luxembourg"),
 lat=c(50.503887,52.132633,49.815273),
 long=c(4.469936,5.291266,6.129583),
 state=c("A","B","C"))
#from previous code, adding the new coordinates
test2.bis = left_join(test2,countries.centroids)
test3.bis = left_join(test3,countries.centroids,by=c("from" = "state"))
test3.bis = left_join(test3.bis,countries.centroids,by=c("to" = "state"), suffix=c("from","to"))
#worldmap
worldmap <- ggplot2::borders("world", colour="gray50", fill="#efede1",t=1:182)
library(gganimate)
#Animated plot (using gganimate):
animated.plot <- ggplot() +
 theme_void() + worldmap + coord_cartesian(xlim = c(-5,10), ylim= c(48,54)) +
 geom_point(data=test2.bis,aes(long,lat, color=state,size=N)) +
 geom_curve(data=test3.bis, aes(x=longfrom,y=latfrom,xend=longto,yend=latto),arrow = arrow(length = unit(0.03, "npc"),type = "closed"),curvature = 0.2,color="gray50") +
 scale_color_viridis(guide=FALSE, discrete=TRUE) +
transition_states(time) + scale_size_continuous(guide=FALSE,range = c(5, 30)) +
 labs(title = "Time: {closest_state}")
animate(animated.plot, nframes=test.nosoiA$total.time*2+10,duration=40,end_pause=10)
Spread in structured populations in continuous space
Similarly one can try to represent the spread of pathogen in a continuous space. Here, we will generate a random raster for the purpose of this tutorial, but


text:
Bioelectronic device for sinus painMarch 5, 2019
The US FDA has approved ClearUP Sinus Pain Relief for the treatment of sinus pain due to allergic rhinitis in adults.
The device is a bioelectronic treatment and a new way to treat allergy-related sinus pain from environmental allergies like mould, dust, pollen, dander as well as food allergies. The advanced neuromodulation technology uses gentle microcurrent.
The handheld device measures the user's skin properties to target the optimal treatment points. As the user glides the device along the outer nasal passage, gentle microcurrent waveforms stimulate the nerves under the skin to relieve sinus pain. Each 5-minute treatment can be personalised at 3 intensity levels and can be used up to 4 times a day.
As the device glides along the cheek, nose, and brow bone, it locates areas of the skin with low impedance, where current can pass most easily. At these treatment points, the device emits low-current electrical stimulation, called Microcurrent, to stimulate underlying nerve fibres.
Electrical stimulation of nerves has been used to reduce the sensory perception of pain. Research has also shown that electrical stimulation can activate sympathetic nerve fibres and promote constriction of blood vessels, which can result in the shrinking swollen tissue.


text:
Works related to the call for proposal "sustainable energy" through the employment of materials and techniques with low environmental impact during the whole work in compliance with the minimum environmental criteria (CAM) of the ministry of environment municipality of Capranica.
The works carried out concerned:
- replacement of the existing boiler with modular condensing boilers with climatic regulation;
- Installation of thermostatic heads with anti tampering system and adaptation of the existing heating bodies for low temperature functioning with valve and holder replacement;
- Replacement of all the mono split and multi split units with VRF centralized system (Variable Flow of the Refrigerant);
- Replacement of the existing illuminating bodies with LED illuminating bodies equipped with electronic reactor;
- Replacement of the window fixtures including the shutters with new fixtures, made of wood with low-emissivity insulated glazing;
- Installation of a consumptions measuring and visualization system for the monitoring of the building's electric and thermic consumptions;


text:
What does the temperature of a compost heap have to do with a baby's sex?
As many gardeners know, a well-tended compost heap generates considerable heat as the mound of organic material decays. Ever wonder who invented this gardener's aid? Well, it just might have been a crocodile!
A female crocodile or alligator doesn't sit on her eggs to keep them warm. She covers them with soil and vegetation, and as this material starts to "compost," the nest mound heats up. But don't think the temperature of an alligator nest is a trivial matter. The nest is made with just the right mixture of mud and vegetation to create a precise range of internal temperatures. Why so specific? Because the sex of hatchling crocs and gators is determined by the temperature within the nest! Eggs incubated at around 89 degrees Fahrenheit produce females, while those at temperatures below 87 degrees produce mainly males. In a well-constructed croc nest the eggs on top will be a few degrees cooler than those closer to the bottom, and -- VOILA! -- when the babies hatch there are usually an equal number of males and females.
This phenomenon (known as temperature-determined sex) is amazing, but it's not unique, also occurring in turtles and lizards. The sex of human babies, however, is not known to be affected by the temperature of their parents' compost heap.
Click here to see a close-up picture of a newly hatched American Crocodile.


text:
He is currently a Distinguished Engineer at IBM Almaden Research Center near San Jose, California, and is leading a multi-lab research program on Unified Activity Management, which is exploring how to make activity the central organizing construct in the IBM Workplace platform. The Unified Activity Management (UAM) project is defining a new organizing framework for supporting collaborative work around the concept of human activity by creating a Unified Activity representation, architecture, and user experience. Activities are what we do everyday. An activity is any coherent set of actions that we take towards some end, be it specific or vague. Effective business activities involve a combination of formal and informal work, often spread among a variety of people, tools, systems and service providers. An explicit activity object is needed to represent the collection of relationships that emerge between people, the artifacts they work on, their communication and coordination, the calendar, and the business processes they use to complete their work. As presented in the below figure, the unified activity management integrates formal business processes with the informal collaborations needed to accomplish business objectives.
I was also part of this program lead by Tom when in IBM. I helped explored the collaborative activity patterns as building blocks in workplace and helped design the activity centered project management tool for IBM Workplace (former Lotus Workplace). I published two papers as the first author on these threads.
Tom Moran is the founding Editor of Human-Computer Interaction. In 2003 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. In 2004 he won the CHI Lifetime Achievement Award. He is a good friend of my adviser Jack. They coauthored the book Design Rationale: Concepts, Techniques, and Use and had many other collaborations.


Discrete Differential Geometry Assignment 0
DDG Week2 Writing Assignment
2.1
Show that VE+F=1V - E + F = 1 for any polygonal disk.
For a simple n-sided polygon with n vertices, n edges, and 1 face, the equation above holds. When conncting another n-sided polygon to form a disk, the polygon can connect to the existing disk by merging mm edges. This will generate nmn-m edges, n(m+1)n-(m+1) vertices, and 1 new face.
V=V+nm+1E=E+nmF=F+1VE+F=VE+F+(n(m+1))(nm)+1=VE+F=1V' = V + n - m + 1 \\ E' = E + n - m \\ F' = F + 1 \\ V' - E' + F' = V - E + F + (n-(m+1)) - (n-m) + 1 = V - E + F = 1
The last equality stems from our inductive assumption.
2.2
In a platonic solid, there are FF m, n-gons meeting at VV vertices.
(F/m)(nF/2)+F=2(F/m) - (nF/2) + F = 2
2.8
Cl(S)
St(S)
Lk(S)
2.9
2.10
2.11
A0 = [
 [1,1,0,0,0],
 [1,0,1,0,0],
 [1,0,0,1,0],
 [1,0,0,0,1],
 [0,1,0,0,1],
 [0,1,1,0,0],
 [0,0,1,1,0],
 [0,0,0,1,1]
]
A1 = [
 [1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0],
 [1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0],
 [0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0],
 [0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1]
]
Coding
Code is somewhere, I haven't decided where to put it. The screenshots below should verify that the c++ code is working to solve the exercises.
All tests green: 11 tests passed
Star star
Link Link
Closure closure


Economics Tuition – Video by Economics Focus
This e-learning video developed by JC Economics Tutor Simon Ng of Economics Focus is for the chapter of Foreign Exchange, focusing on the application of foreign exchange rate policy to achieve economic stability. The question also demands students to conduct an evaluation of the foreign exchange (forex) policy in achieving the above tasks in relation to other policies.
To what extent is the policy of gradual appreciation of the Singapore Dollar (SGD) always a desirable approach to maintain economic stability in Singapore? [25]
Analysis of The Question
For this question, the requirement of the question is to be able to understand that low inflation and unemployment are two main aims the Singapore government uses to attain sustainable economic growth, while explaining the policy of exchange rate management policy in its usefulness in achieving these aims.
Critically analyse the disadvantages of exchange rate system in achieving economics stability.
Source of Information
Part of knowledge needed for this question:
 - Explain what are price stability and low unemployment
 - Explain the exchange rate system in achieving low inflation
 - Explain, with aid of a diagram, the concept of sustainable growth
 - Explain the benefits of exchange rate policy in the context of Singapore
 - Explain the potential limitations of exchange rate policy in the context of Singapore


Project Home
An extention to DBAPI-2.0 for more easily building SQL statements.
Table of Contents
This extension allows you to call a DBAPI Cursor's execute method with a string that contains format specifiers for escaped and/or unescaped arguments. Escaped arguments are specified using '' %X '' or '' %S '' (capital X or capital S). You can also mix positional and keyword arguments in the call, and this takes advantage of the Python call syntax niceties. Also, lists passed in as parameters to be formatted are automatically detected and joined by commas (this works for both unescaped and escaped parameters-- lists to be escaped have their elements escaped individually). In addition, if you pass in a dictionary corresponding to an escaped formatting specifier, the dictionary is rendered as a list of comma-separated = pairs, such as are suitable for an INSERT statement.
For performance, the results of analysing and preparing the query is kept in a cache and reused on subsequence calls, similarly to the re or struct library.
(This is intended to become a reference implementation for a proposal for an extension to tbe DBAPI-2.0.)
for now the transformation only works with DBAPIs that supports parametric arguments in the form of Python's syntax for now (e.g. psycopg2). It could easily be extended to support other DBAPI syntaxes.
For more details and motivation, see the accompanying explanation document at
5-minute usage instructions:
Run execute_f() with a cursor object and appropriate arguments:
execute_f(cursor,'SELECT %s FROM %(t)s WHERE id = %S ', cols, id, t=table)
Ideally, we should be able to monkey-patch this method onto the cursor class of the DBAPI library (this may not be possible if it is an extension module).
By default, the result of analyzing each query is cached automatically and reused on further invocations, to minimize the amount of analysis to be performed at runtime. If you want to do this explicitly, first compile your query, and execute it later with the resulting object, e.g.:
analq = qcompile(' SELECT %s FROM %(t)s WHERE id = %S ')
analq.execute(cursor, cols, id, t=table)
Note to developers: this module contains tests, if you make any changes, please make sure to run and fix the tests.
Also, a formatting specifier is provided for where clauses: %A, which joins its contained entries with AND. The only accepted data types are list of pairs or a dictionary. Maybe we could provide an OR version (%A and %O).
Future Work
Please Donate!
Download program here.


text:
The Family Kit includes:
- Freein13 Journal
- Freein13 Parent Manual
- Freein13 Mentor Manual
Family Kit Description
The parent manual provides direction and hope to parents helping their child overcome pornography use. This educational guide includes:
- Understanding how a child is exposed to pornography
- The process of how someone becomes trapped in a cycle of use
- Behavior changes needed to free their child
- Directions on how to support the child in their goals
Armed with this understanding, the parent can support their chosen Mentor as he/she guides the child through the program.
The Participant Journal provides two pages per day for the participant to record thoughts and complete a checklist of daily activities and metrics such as hours spent on gaming, social media, etc.
A instructional guide for the mentor to lead the participant through the 13 lessons. It provides information on the skills needed to develop a relationship with the participant by building rapport, maintaining accountability, and providing continual encouragement.
Manuals arrive in standard USPS packaging
Free Shipping: 5-7 Days
$8.99 Expedited Shipping:1-3 Days


text: Silicon carbide powder was successfully transformed from hexagonal SiC into cubic SiC using the electric discharge assisted mechanical milling (EDAMM) method. The milling process was conducted in nitrogen plasma at atmospheric pressure. The effects of pulsed alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) discharge on product formation were investigated. Products were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nanohardness. It was found that hexagonal SiC can be transformed into cubic SiC under EDAMM processing, near complete transformation occurring within 5 min when applying AC mode electrical pulses, and within 10 min when applying DC mode discharges.


A pair of microtektites found inside ancient clam shells.
Image: Kristen Grace, Florida Museum
Glass beads were found inside fossil clams in a Florida quarry, and researchers believe that they're the first particle evidence of ancient meteorite strikes in the area.
Researchers picking through the contents of fossil clams from a Sarasota County quarry found dozens of tiny glass beads, likely the calling cards of an ancient meteorite.
Analysis of the beads suggests they are microtektites, particles that form when the explosive impact of an extraterrestrial object sends molten debris hurtling into the atmosphere where it cools and recrystallizes before falling back to Earth.
They are the first documented microtektites in Florida and possibly the first to be recovered from fossil shells.
Mike Meyer was a University of South Florida undergraduate when he discovered the microtektites during a 2006 summer fieldwork project led by Roger Portell, invertebrate paleontology collections director at the Florida Museum of Natural History.
As part of the project, students systematically collected fossils from the shell-packed walls of a quarry that offered a cross-section of the last few million years of Florida's geological history. They pried open fossil clams, washing the sediment trapped inside through very fine sieves. Meyer was looking for other tiny objects -- the shells of single-celled organisms known as benthic foraminifera -- when he noticed the translucent glassy balls, smaller than grains of salt.
"They really stood out," said Meyer, now an assistant professor of Earth systems science at Harrisburg University in Pennsylvania. "Sand grains are kind of lumpy, potato-shaped things. But I kept finding these tiny, perfect spheres."
After the fieldwork ended, his curiosity about the spheres persisted. But his emails to various researchers came up short: No one knew what they were. Meyer kept the spheres -- 83 in total -- in a small box for more than a decade.
"It wasn't until a couple years ago that I had some free time," he said. "I was like, 'Let me just start from scratch.'"
Meyer analyzed the elemental makeup and physical features of the spheres and compared them to microtektites, volcanic rock and byproducts of industrial processes, such as coal ash. His findings pointed to an extraterrestrial origin.
"It did blow my mind," he said.
He thinks the microtektites are the products of one or more small, previously unknown meteorite impacts, potentially on or near the Florida Platform, the plateau that undergirds the Florida Peninsula.
Initial results from an unpublished test suggest the spheres have traces of exotic metals, further evidence they are microtektites, Meyer said.
Most of them had been sealed inside fossil Mercenaria campechiensis or southern quahogs. Portell said that as clams die, fine sediment and particles wash inside. As more sediment settles on top of the clams over time, they close, becoming excellent long-term storage containers.
"Inside clams like these we can find whole crabs, sometimes fish skeletons," Portell said. "It's a nice way of preserving specimens."
During the 2006 fieldwork, the students recovered microtektites from four different depths in the quarry, which is "a little weird," Meyer said, since each layer represents a distinct period of time.
"It could be that they're from a single tektite bed that got washed out over millennia or it could be evidence for numerous impacts out on the Florida Platform that we just don't know about," he said.
The researchers plan to date the microtektites, but Portell's working guess is that they are "somewhere around 2 to 3 million years old."
One oddity is that they contain high amounts of sodium, a feature that sets them apart from other impact debris. Salt is highly volatile and generally boils off if thrust into the atmosphere at high speed, Meyer said.
"This high sodium content is intriguing because it suggests a very close location for the impact," Meyer said. "Or at the very least, whatever impact created it likely hit a very large reserve of rock salt or the ocean. A lot of those indicators point to something close to Florida."
Meyer and Portell suspect there are far more microtektites awaiting discovery in Florida and have asked amateur fossil collectors to keep an eye out for the tiny spheres.
But no one will be recovering microtektites from the original quarry any time soon. It's now part of a housing development.
"Such is the nature of Florida," Meyer said.
Peter Harries of North Carolina State University also co-authored the study.
The above story is based on Materials provided by Florida Museum of Natural History. Original written by Natalie van Hoose.


text:
General Questions about the Powerline or PLC Backhaul Feature of Deco
Deco PX50(AX3000 + G1500), Deco P7 (AC1300+AV600), and Deco P9 (AC1200+AV1000) have a built-in powerline chipset, which provides a feature called Powerline/PLC Backhaul.
Note: Currently, only Deco PX50, Deco P9, and Deco P7 support the Powerline/PLC Backhaul feature.
Q1: Can Deco PX50 build PLC Backhaul with Deco P9 and P7?
No. Deco PX50 uses the G.hn powerline standard while Deco P7/P9 uses the HomePlugAV powerline standard, which is not compatible with each other.
However, the Deco P9 and Deco P7 can build the Powerline Backhaul together.
Q2: How to enable the Powerline Backhaul feature?
Powerline Backhaul doesn't need to be turned on by any hardware or software switch, and it takes effect automatically as long as:
- When Deco PX50/P7/P9 is used as the Main Deco.
- Two or more Deco PX50 under the same power grid, or two or more Deco P7/P9 under the same power grid.
The Powerline Backhaul works between two Deco PX50 or two Deco P7/P9.
Q3: Does the PLC Backhaul takes effect between Deco PX50/P7/P9 and other powerline products?
No. Deco products can only build the PLC Backhaul connection with other Deco products that adopt the same powerline standard.
Q4: Can PLC Backhaul, Ethernet Backhaul, and Wi-Fi Backhaul work at the same time?
If there is no Ethernet cable between the Deco units, Wi-Fi Backhaul and PLC Backhaul will take effect at the same time.
If there is an Ethernet cable between the Deco units, then only Ethernet Backhaul will take effect.
Q5: How to know if PLC Backhaul is established successfully?
1. Deco P7
We can learn whether PLC Backhaul works from the PLC indicator on the power adapter.
If the indicator is solid orange, it means the PLC backhaul connection is bad or even fails to establish. In this case, please refer to Q6 for further help.
If the indicator is solid green, it means the PLC Backhaul connection is good.
2. Deco P9/Deco PX50
There is no LED light on the power adapter of Deco P9/PX50 to indicate the PLC connection status. However, you can click on the network map on the Deco app, then click on a satellite Deco P9/PX50 to check which deco it connects to and whether through the PLC backhaul or not.
Q6: What Can I do if PLC Backhaul is not working properly (The LED indicator on the power adapter is orange)?
1. Make sure all the Deco units are under the same power grid.
2. Connect the Deco unit to a different power socket. Use the wall socket rather than the extension socket.
3. If the Deco unit is close to a DSL modem or a DSL telephone line, plug the Deco into a different wall socket away from them.
4. It is recommended to put two Deco units within a distance of 100 meters. In addition, please keep the Deco units far away from high-power appliances to avoid possible interference.
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Your feedback helps improve this site.
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A Royal Australian Air Force E-7A Wedgetail aircraft has returned to Australia following a year-long deployment to the Middle East with a new record under its wings.
The aircraft has been operating in the Middle East region (MER) with Australia's Air Task Group 630, performing airborne command and control as part of operation Okra.
Operation Okra is the Australian Defence Force's contribution to the United States-led global Coalition to combat the Daesh terrorist threat in Iraq.
Australia's support to Iraq comes at the request of the Iraqi government and is closely coordinated with a coalition of international partners.
During operations, the Wedgetail achieved a significant milestone in the life of the platform with a mission sortie of 17.3 hours flown – the longest flight recorded from a Boeing 737 airframe, according to the Australian defense department.
Based on a Boeing 737-700, the E-7A Wedgetail combines long-range surveillance radar, secondary radar, passive detection surveillance receivers and tactical/strategic voice and data communications systems. This provides the ADF with its ability to survey, command, control and coordinate a joint air, sea and land battle in real time.
Over the course of the operational commitment, all six No. 2 Squadron E-7A Wedgetail's have been rotated in to supporting operations in the MER since the start of operations in September 2014. The support has been significant with more than 550 missions flown over the period – equating to over 6900 flying hours.
"The ability of the E-7A to integrate and perform with excellence in support of coalition forces demonstrates that Air Force has an advanced, highly capable airborne early warning and control platform with quality people underpinning it, the envy of armed forces worldwide," Air Commodore Barbara Courtney said.


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The WOCAT-LADA-DESIRE mapping tool is based on the original WOCAT mapping questionnaire (WOCAT, 2007). It has been expanded to pay more attention to issues such as biological and water degradation, it also places more emphasis on direct and socio-economic causes of these phenomena, including their impacts on ecosystem services. It evaluates what type of land degradation is actually happening where and why and what is being done about it in terms of sustainable land management (SLM) in the form of a questionnaire.
Land Library Search
Through our robust search engine, you can search for any item of the over 50,000 highly curated resources in the Land Library.
If you would like to find an overview of what is possible, feel free to peruse the Search Guide.
Search resultsShowing items 1 through 9 of 2.
Library ResourceJournal Articles & BooksDecember, 2011Switzerland, South Africa, Lesotho, China, Italy, Eswatini, Cuba, Tunisia, Argentina, Senegal, Netherlands, Europe, Asia, Africa, Northern America
Library ResourceReports & ResearchNovember, 2011Latin America and the Caribbean, Caribbean, Central America
El documento contine los elementos conceptuales para el desarrollo de un Marco Estratégico de mediano plazo de cooperación de la FAO en Agricultura Familiar en América Latina y el Caribe.
La aprobación de este Marco se realizará en la Conferencia Regional de la FAO a llevarse a cabo en Buenos Aires, Argentina del 26 al 30 de marzo de 2012.


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Two Field Social Regenerative Project | Super 8
The Project Overview
A social regenerative project that providing olive farmers in our community fair and secure livelihoods while working
on the ground to teach regenerative farming methods to produce high quality olive oil in harmony with nature. Partnering with a handful of restaurants & chefs who are championing regenerative agriculture and change in food.
The current reality & the potential future
Building Something Better
Our Food System is broken. We've felt the reality in our small farming community up close. The stress and intense pressure on people and land. Two Fields was born as a response to that. A small scale approach producing the very best quality olive oil rooted in craft and nature - every olive hand picked, each bottle hand numbered. Every harvest actively rebuilding and regenerating land.
But our fields are only step one. Now it's time to build a system that champions these principles and scales change. One the empowers small scale farmers, helping them move past the system trapping them and collectively regenerate large parts of our land and soil. Ultimately creating a fair system that produces and celebrates the very best quality of food. One built on transparency and traceability, rooted in a craft that has been honed over generations. It's about knowing the farmers in the fields and connecting with incredible chefs using the produce.
Food and Farming affects and connects us all. And we are in the position to make a difference. What we do, has huge potential to create a better future.
Systems are built together.
Profile of Olive Oil
Our Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Overview | 100% Koreniki Olive. No blends of different varieties. All olives are single origin, grown exclusively in Lasithi, Greece.
Tasting notes | Light, fruity with peppery finish. Perfect for dipping, dressing and drizzling
Protected Designation Of Origin (P.D.O) | Our region, Lasithi, is officially recognised as a renowned area for the production of olive oil deeply linked to local craft and land. This is an EU quality scheme to protect areas with renowned food produce from being imitated. Every step of production happens within our region. From growing, handpicking, cold pressing, bottling. Traceable and transparent throughout the process.
Fair & Secure Livelihoods
Fair income and long term relationships to build security. Project to offset costs through covering costs and knowledge & equipment sharing etc
Regeneration of land. A focus on soil health. Storing more carbon, retaining more water, having more organic matter. No chemicals or pesticides used.
From field to restaurant. Farmer & restaurant led. Transparency on farming practises. Every drop traceable. Opportunity to come out, stay & visit
Super 8 x Two Fields
You are working at the very highest standard of food and at the top of the list of people we want to partner with. For us, working together is about partnering for the long term to build a strong and transparent relationship. We're at the start of this project, it's about building a system together, one that works for us and our farmers, our land and our partners. Come be part of shaping that. Small scale, independent food systems together.
- You would have opportunity to come out, stay, be part of the project on the ground. Year on year, see the difference we are making.
- We'd be publicly promoting our relationship to celebrate how Super 8 are a group who championing quality and change in food, being a crucial member of the project.
- We would need a rough idea of how much olive oil you need a year (in Litres). A deposit of 25% would be paid upfront (offering some security for farmers) Other payment terms and delivery schedule to be discussed, we can find the best way for you.
- We want to work with you as a group. The possibility of working with all restaurants that are part of Super is an exciting one. We understand we may need to start with one, and grow as our relationship develops.
- Co Branded 5 Litre Tins possible
- Staff training & tastings to share what we are doing and why it matters
- The potential to do pop ups / events together to celebrate Regenerative Farming ect (together)
- Price wise, you mentioned you had a number in mind. We're open to discussing and find the number that works for the social project and for you. This is about finding the number that works for everyone
Additional Detail & Info
Our Regenerative Methods
Fundamentally we view our land as an eco system, not just the trees. We replicate natural process, are low input and do not use any chemicals or pesticides in the process. Certified organic as a baseline but regenerative practises push us well beyond that standard. A holistic approach and a deep focus on soil health. We reintroduce microbial life into our fields and create the conditions for life to thrive. The result is healthier, stronger trees, superior quality olives / olive oil, biodiversity and resistance in our eco system and healthy soils that store more carbon and retain more water.
Some of our regenerative practises :
- Collect, culture and redistribute beneficial microbes from local healthy soils into our fields
- Manure from local animals. No waste from our fields, mulch, chip all offcuts and return to the land
- Microbial compost teas
- Diverse multi seed cover crops to bring living roots into the soil, bring biodiversity back into our eco system, bring back natural resistance to the fields and offer ground cover
- Animal integration to terminate Cover Crop
- Experiments with biochar: to increase carbon storage and inoculation with microbes to create soil structure and repair soil
- All hand picking, no large machinery, no tilling, no large scale soil distribution
- Non invasive & natural pest solutions (such as kaolin clay instead of chemical spray)
Average Analysis Results (External Lab Tests)
- Acidity Average 0.29 or below. ( For reference 0.8 or below = Extra Virgin, 0.3 or below would be considered top quality) Lower = better
- Peroxide Value 5.4 ( For reference 20 or below = Extra Virgin, 12 below is considered high quality) Lower = better.
- High Phenolic properties found through testing. We met the criteria to be legally classified as a health good under EU regulations, reserved for the high levels of phenolic properties.
These are all indications of quality and top production methods. However, food is about taste and feeling the olive oil is alive and vibrant. That's what we pride ourselves on. Objective tests back that up.


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This name is of Scottish locational origin from any of the places called Borland or Bordland in Dumfriesshire, Galloway, Fife and Pertshire. The name derives from the Olde English pre 7th Century "bord" meaning a table, plus "land" usually translating as "estate" or "landed property". The reference here is to a "home farm" i.e. land which supplied food for the table of the Lord resident in the Manor. The surname with variant spellings Borland and Boreland is first recorded in the early 16th Century, (see below).On July 7th 1674, Bessie Borland and John Gibb were married in Canongate, Midlothian, and on November 11th 1722, Margaret, daughter of Thomas Borland and Margaret Galbreath, was christened in Edinburgh Parish. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of James Bordland, witness in Ayrshire, which was dated 1513, in the "Protocol Book of Garin Ros", Edinburgh, during the reign of King James V of Scotland, 1513 - 1542. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
© Copyright: Name Origin Research 1980 - 2022


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The Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture (RIMSA) was established in 1978 as a successor of the State Nursery founded in 1910 and consecutively transformed in Plum Research Station (1950) and Mountain Agriculture Integrated Research Station (1960). The establishment of the Institute was necessitated to preserve the biogenocoenose of the mountain ecosystems and ensure the environmentally safe agricultural production. This task predetermined the integrated nature of the research and applied activities.
The thematic research plan comprises 15 scientific research projects targeted at problems of stockbreeding, grass forage production, fruit-growing, economics of mountain agriculture as well as environment preservation and conservation. Priority is given to advanced theoretical research in genetics, breeding, reproduction and genetic biotechnologies. The major objective is to set the methodological basis of applied projects for breeding of new improved plant varieties and hybrids, livestock breeds and hybrids, elaborating of systems for erosion prevention, for environment-friendly livestock and plant production and in this way preserve the unique beauty of mountain regions.
The principal structural units of the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture are the research departments, the Extension Service, the Experimental-and-Production Base and the subsidiary in Smolyan - the Integrated Agricultural Research Station. In 2002 a college was established at the Institute, which is an educational and scientific centre affiliated to the Higher School of the Agricultural College in Plovdiv. In the 2002–2003 school year a total of 70 students have been taught at the college.
The scientific research projects of the Institute and its subsidiary are developed by a team of 35 researchers allocated in three principal research departments: (1) Mountain Livestock Breeding and Biotechnologies, (2) Mountain Grassland Associations and Maintenance of their Biodiversity, and (3) Mountain Fruit-growing and Conservation of Mountain Ecosystems in Agriculture. The scientific research sector is assisted by a Laboratory Facilities Complex made up of five laboratories and by a mechanization unit. The production sector also serves for the effective execution of the research projects and is divided into two branches - plant growing (production of planting material of fruit trees and raspberries, of plum fruit, wheat grain and sunflower) and livestock breeding (production of cow's, sheep and goat's milk, lambs and goat kids and products from them such as meat and sausages, yoghourt, butter, cow's and goat's cheese).
- The Department of Mountain Livestock Breeding and Biotechnologies carries out projects for introduction, breeding and management of beef and dairy cattle, sheep and goats. In cattlebreeding an integrated system has been developed for beef cattle management, possibilities have been explored for introduction to the mountain regions of the beef cattle breeds polled Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Limousine and Salers together with high productivity hybrids. By means of absorptive crossing techniques a dairy cattle population has been created from the Jersey breed in the Central Balkan Mountains that is especially suitable for private farms. In sheepbreeding major objectives are preservation of valuable local populations and breeds such as the Karakachanska breed and the local Staroplaninsko variety, breeding and selection of prolific Tsigai ewes using the Romanovska, Drysdale and Perendale breeds. The goatbreeding scientific research utilizes the Bulgarian White Dairy breed as well as Togenbourgh and Anglo-Nubian crosses. Various elements of the biology and biotechnology of reproduction process in livestock (small ruminants and cattle) have been dealt with at the embryo transplantation laboratory and with the use of laparoscopic insemination. The stockbreeding department is also maintaining a farm for shepherd dogs with Border Collie as the major breed.
- The Mountain Grasslands and Forage Production Department's principal research activities include breeding of perennial grasses and perennial legume forage species for grazing, hay and combined utilization, developing of permanent mountain grasslands improvement technologies, agrotechnical mechanization of mountain permanent and temporary grasslands' management for hay and silage production or grazing utilization, evaluation of the economic effectiveness of mountain grass forage production. The results from breeding activities include official listing of two varieties of perennial grasses - tall fescue cv. Elena and meadow timothy cv. Troyan. Variety approval tests are performed with five test-varieties of the species white clover, red clover, birdsfoot trefoil, Kentucky bluegrass and red fescue.
The following technologies have been developed and ready for practical implementation: seed production from perennial grasses and legume meadow grass species; improvement and utilization of natural meadows and pastures in the mountain areas; production of hay, wilted hay and silage from natural and sown grasslands; economically effective solutions in the production of grass forages.
- The research in the Department of Fruit-growing and Mountain Agriculture Ecosystems Conservation is mainly focused on issues of mountain fruit-growing technologies, including introduction, breeding and variety testing of plum, soft-fruit species (raspberry, blackberry, bilberry, etc.) and some medicinal plants. An assortment of 87 plum varieties has been preserved as genetic stock for breeding purposes. By implementing modern in vitro techniques new varieties have been produced of plum (cvs Baleva, Ostreshka, Troyanska Plum and B2-24), one service-tree variety and 124 plum hybrids. Introduction has been performed with 16 raspberry varieties, 4 cultivars of large-berry blackberry and 6 cultivars of large berry bilberry. Nearly 120 raspberry hybrids and elites have been bred and tested. Improved technologies have been developed for plum crop growing using the trench planting method, for the agronomy and management of raspberry and medicinal plants, systems for soil surface maintenance on sloped or erosive ground with minimal input of pesticides or fertilizers. Production technologies for virus-free fruit-tree planting material have been worked out. The virology laboratory performs tests on fruit-tree plantations in the Central Northern Bulgaria region. Assessment has been carried out on the biological characteristics, the prophylactic and medicinal properties of black chokeberry, seabuckthorn, rowan, Chaenomeles fruit as well as other medicinal-fruit crops. The fruit-growing mechanization research has been testing machines for planting and maintenance of plum and raspberry plantations, new plant protection techniques and machines including herbicide controlled droplet application, plum and raspberry pruning and harvesting machines. The department conducts researches on prevention of soil erosion and pesticide pollution in orchards located on sloped ground in mountain ecosystems. A mother garden has been functioning for ten years now, producing tested for economically important diseases grafts of the chief plum varieties grown in the country. The nursery garden of RIMSA has an annual output of over 3000 virus tested plum tree planting stock. Another mother garden has been established with a capacity of over 20000 plants of super elite raspberry planting material of the varieties Samodiva, Bulgarski Roubin, Shopska Alena and Lyulin.
RIMSA scientists have participated in joint multinational research projects with the Livestock Husbandry Institute Belgrad (Zemun, Yugoslavia), the Veterinary Institute in Skopje (Macedonia), with Germany in the FAMAD Project as well as two more projects within the framework of EU programmes.
Since 1998 international scientific research conferences have been held at RIMSA, Troyan, entitled Ecological Issues of Mountain Agriculture, which have become a forum for eminent scientists at home and abroad. This year issue of the conference lasted from 29 to 30 May and apart from participants from leading national universities and institutes attendance from the republics of Macedonia, Yugoslavia, Poland and Romania was registered. In the Livestock and Grassland management session a total of 8 invited papers were presented, plus 23 offered papers and posters, of which 11 on stockbreeding themes and 12 on grassland management; in the Perennial Plantations session there was one invited paper and 30 offered papers and posters. The discussions that were held defined the basic trends in the development of mountain agriculture and stockbreeding over the subsequent years.
RIMSA, Troyan, regularly participates in national agricultural exhibitions and this year it was awarded a honorary diploma and two prizes at the National Stockbreeding Exhibition under the patronage of the Executive Agency in Livestock Breeding and Reproduction at the MAF, Sofia, held in Sliven on 31 May.


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Integrate with Saba
Questionmark Perception version 5 assessments are fully interoperable with Saba Learning. This interoperability relies on existing learning standards and is easy to accomplish. Saba users can launch Perception assessments from within the Saba software and Perception will provide analysis and statistics reports, while Saba controls the participant data. Perception relays assessment results (time, score, and completion) to Saba through AICC communication.
For information on how to configure Perception version 5 and Saba Learning please refer to How can I call Perception assessments from Saba Learning?


Render HTML from Object with CoffeeKup
Render HTML from Object with CoffeeKup
CoffeeKup allows to render HTML from multiple sources:
 - A String containing valid CoffeeScript code
 - A JavaScript/CoffeeScript object arranged according to CoffeeKup rules
To render HTML from a String is quite straightforward and documented on the CoffeeeScript reference: you can use the methods .compile and .render as documented there.
However, to render HTML from a JavaScript/CoffeeScript object can also come in handy, to create a tight link between your logic and markup. The .render method is not only able to process a String but is also able to process a certain kind of Object as well.
Here find two examples of how to render JavaScript and CoffeeScript objects into HTML:
JavaScript Object
CoffeeKup.render(function () {
 return div({ class: 'mydiv' }, 'Hello World');
});
which results in:
"
Hello World
"
CoffeeScript Object
CoffeeKup.render(div 'mydiv', ->'Hello World');
resulting in the same HTML as above.


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Hourglass funnel diagram PowerPoint and keynote template is a professional design that can be used to show multi-topic presentations. Normally hourglass and funnel represent the different spheres of organized knowledge. Hourglass indicating time management and the funnel symbolizes the filtering process; both have certain values in management and marketing areas. Historically hourglasses have been used to measure time years back. One can calculate the time by the amount of sand that has been distributed from the top part of the hourglass to the bottom. When all the sand is found at the bottom, it means that time has run out. Users can apply the hourglass theory to project reports and studies. This template can use to display the importance of time scheduling in project management and personal development.
Funnel diagram PowerPoint is used to show the conversion rate of a specific product. It is for sales presentations. To achieve preferred goals and milestones this diagram process flow chart surely helps you. The process behind marketing and sales and the strategies and plans and project and business development can be illustrated with this simple hourglass funnel diagram PowerPoint. The layout has seven segments including the heading section. Users can depict six-element or concepts related to the theme. Each segment is colored differently and having individual text areas. Any topic like; time cost, quality, HR management, risk evaluation, procurement can display on this structure. It is for the presentation of organized knowledge than random perception. The presenter should try to filter out the concepts through using the method of science and make an exact presentation before the executive audience. The presenter can resize the design and its objects, also customize the color including background. Users can search funnel diagram to showcase business and marketing plans.


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Issue 203, page 1
|Search||Home||FAQ||Links||Site map||Book Store||New||Ask Us||Theory||About|
A reader wrote to ask how so many different meanings came to be associated with one word: draft. He gave as examples the following meanings:
This is much more interesting than it may seem at first glance.
First, we need to establish that draft is simply the modern phonetic spelling of draught. Draught (we'll get to draft a little later) is first recorded in English in about 1200. It is not recorded in Old English but is nevertheless thought to have existed (the suggested forms are *dreaht and/or *dræht) as there are corresponding forms in Old High German and Old Icelandic, and there is possibly even a Russian relative - drogi "wagon" ("that which is drawn"), from which English got droshky. This suggests an Indo-European root of *dhragh- "to draw, to drag on the ground". The sense of draw here is "to pull". As you may have imagined, draw comes from that same Indo-European root but, unlike draught, it does turn up in Old English.
The earliest specific sense of the noun draught that exists in the written record is "the drawing of liquid into the mouth or down the throat" or "an act of drinking". This dates from around 1200. We still encounter this usage in historical fiction when someone is said to "take a deep draught" of some drink, usually ale or wine, and that also gave us draught "a dose of liquid medicine" (1656). A bit later (around 1250) we find the meaning "the drawing of a brush, pen, pencil, or the like, across the surface, so as to make a line or mark". So you see where the notion of drawing a picture comes from -- you are not actually drawing the picture, etymologically speaking. You are instead drawing (dragging) the pen or pencil on paper to make the picture!
The notion that today gives us draughtsman (or draftsman) and drafting table dates from around 1400: "that which is drawn or delineated; a representation (of an object) by lines drawn on the surface of paper, etc." That general sense is now obsolete and the specific sense of "a plan of something to be constructed" is the one that remains in draftsman and drafting table (although in the U.K. there is a board game called draughts, and the pieces are called draughtsmen -- these pieces are "drawn" across the board; in the U.S. this is called checkers).
The notion of what we now think of as a rough draft or "preliminary version" of a piece of writing arose in the early 16th century as an extension of the "draw (a brush, pencil or pen across a page to make a mark)" meaning. As for the "money" sense of draught (today draft), that derives from the sense of the check or draft being a representation of money to be 'drawn' from a specific account. That particular meaning dates from the mid-18th century, but a more specialized meaning, from which that one derives, was "the drawing or withdrawing of money from a stock by means of an order written in due form", dating from the mid-17th century.
The sense of "a current of air, especially in a confined space" dates from a bit later than some of the other senses, the mid-18th century. Here the notion is that the air is being drawn in (due to a temperature/pressure differential). The nautical sense of "the action of 'drawing' or displacing (so much) water" first turns up in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night of 1601. Then we have the military sense of "the drawing off, detachment, or selection of a party from a larger body for some special duty or purpose". This arose in the early 18th century and was spelled draught, but by 1780 we find it spelled draft. So the notion of the draft is that men are 'drawn' out of the population to serve in the military.
The connection with "dragging" or "drawing" was obscured when, for many meanings, the phonetic draft spelling came to be favored over draught. There are some instances in late Middle English of draught being spelled drawt. That is how Melanie pronounced it in her head when she read it as a child, patterning it after caught and taught.
There are also combinations using draught/draft with which most of you will be familiar:
draught horse: a horse used to draw a plow or the like
draught/draft beer: beer which is drawn from the cask. Of course, today, some bottled beers are called draft, but this is apparently the marketers' attempts to make consumers believe that these beers taste just like beer from a keg or cask. Whether they do taste like true draft beer is debatable.
We hope we have drawn (or perhaps dragged!) you into the discussion of draught. It's a bit drafty in here, so we are off to put another log on the fire.
Looking for more information on words? Why not browse our book store?
additions? Send to Melanie & Mike: _EMAIL_
DO NOT SEND QUERIES TO THAT ADDRESS. Instead, ASK US.
Copyright © _PHONE_ TIERE
Last Updated 10/14/06 10:54 PM


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Resolutions Without Dissent
THE POWER OF ONE
The Queensland strata legislation, like other States' legislation, includes varying motion types which necessitate different levels of voting support in order to become resolutions. Each State has unique categories of motions and different threshold voting requirements for such motions to be approved. Whilst there is some overlap, a special resolution in one jurisdiction may have a different meaning in another (at least in terms of the way votes are calculated).
In Queensland, the Body Corporate and Community Management Act 1997 prescribes the following resolution types (for general meetings):
- Ordinary resolution
- Majority resolution
- Special resolution
- Resolution without dissent
The most common resolution type is an ordinary resolution. Such a resolution is calculated quite simply in terms of a majority of those voting. The motion passes if there are more votes in favour than against. The qualifying aspect to this is if somebody (anybody entitled to vote) requests a 'poll'. In such circumstances, the motion is passed if the total contribution lot entitlements in favour of the motion are more than the total contribution lot entitlements against the motion. An ordinary resolution is the only resolution type where a poll can be requested.
One infrequently used resolution type is a majority resolution. Because they are rarely required, there seems to be a tendency to assume (incorrectly) that a majority resolution is the same as an ordinary resolution – after all, it talks about a 'majority' doesn't it? However, they are quite different things. A majority resolution is calculated based on the total number of lots in the scheme. The resolution carries only if the votes in favour of the motion are more than half of the lots entitled to vote on the motion. Given the general apathy and low voting turnout at general meetings, obtaining the required support for a majority resolution can be quite difficult.
Another misconception that owners and others in the strata sector frequently seem to have is the voting requirements for a special resolution. There appears to be a common assumption that such a resolution requires a simple 75% majority. Whilst perhaps that might be useful as a 'rule of thumb', the counting of votes for a special resolution is quite different. The test is a three-tier one, and requires all of the following requirements to be satisfied:
- At least two-thirds of the votes cast are in favour of the motion.
- The votes counted against the motion are not more than 25% of the number of lots in the scheme.
- The contribution lot entitlements for lots voting against the motion are not more than 25% of the total contribution lot entitlements for the scheme.
That brings us to the final resolution type and the purpose of my commentary in this newsletter – the resolution without dissent. Such a resolution quite simply requires that no vote is cast against the motion. What's more, this resolution type does not prohibit owners who owe a body corporate debt at the time of the meeting from voting on the motion. Accordingly, a single owner (financial or unfinancial) can ensure that such a motion does not carry – and this frequently occurs.
It holds true that there will be very serious decisions that a body corporate will need to make from time to time that should require strong majority support – even beyond the requirements of a majority or special resolution. However, the question arises as to whether a unanimous voting requirement is a step too far?
Of course, there will be those that point out that any failure of a resolution without dissent to pass can be the subject of challenge in the Commissioner's Office – the relevant test being whether it failed to pass 'because of opposition that in the circumstances is unreasonable' – a test for which we have High Court authority (Ainsworth v Albrecht HCA 40).
However, that still means that valuable time and resources are consumed in seeking to have an unreasonable vote overturned in the Commissioner's Office. Conversely, if one or two votes were insufficient to prevent the passing of the motion, it would be up to those 'aggrieved' owners to take the initiative and commence dispute resolution proceedings to challenge the passing of the motion. Without good cause and reasons for their dissent, most owners will probably not take up this option – particularly as frivolous or vexatious applications can be dismissed with costs.
That brings us to another question about whether the current statutory maximum of $2,000.00 is sufficient to discourage the lodging of frivolous or vexatious applications. Certainly not in my opinion. However, that is a debate for a different day – and a different newsletter!
Article Written by Jarad Maher (26 May 2021)
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation
Disclaimer – This article is provided for information purposes only and should not be regarded as legal advice.
GET IN TOUCH
Tel: +61 7 5552 6666
Fax: +61 7 5528 0955
Office: Level 2, 17 Welch Street, Southport Qld 4215
Postal: PO Box 1876, Southport QLD 4215
Open: 8:30am – 5:00pm Monday to Friday


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Tasks Unlimited provides supported employment, housing and recovery services for people with mental illness so that they achieve a full life with the rights and responsibilities of adults in our society.
"Like anyone, Tasks' clients desire stable, long term employment with good wages. They're proud of their ability to be self-sufficient and active members of their communities and we're proud of them." – Karen Johnston, Former Executive Director
All people, including those with mental illness, deserve the chance at a meaningful life, a life full of living, working, and achieving.
Grounded in the Fairweather Lodge Model, Tasks Unlimited supports mental health recovery by encouraging group decision-making and community living. By living and working as a group, program participants hold each other accountable in their mental health recovery.
Consistent, supportive employment is a key component to the mental health recovery process at Tasks Unlimited. Through Tasks Unlimited Building Services, program participants perform janitorial services, mailroom management and building maintenance to businesses throughout the Twin Cities.
Nothing bolsters self-esteem like having a meaningful role in your world. And, self-esteem broadens one's vision of what is truly achievable in life.
- People experiencing mental health problems are more like other people than they are different.
- Skill training and development that focuses on strengths is more useful than approaches that focus on weaknesses.
- Stable daily performance is preferable to episodic periods of high achievement.
- Natural healing occurs over time.
- A stable, supportive environment and productive lifestyle promote natural healing.
- Dependency is an outcome of inappropriate treatment rather than a symptom of mental illness.
- Dependency is remediable and preventable.
- Adults with serious and persistent mental illness are able to form and develop healthy adult relationships.
- Interdependence best describes healthy adult relationships.
- Pursuing independence without developing meaningful and supportive peer relationships frequently leads to isolation and loneliness that can hinder personal growth and healing.
- Independent and interdependent living skills are most effectively taught by peers.
- Financial dependence is the least acceptable and least necessary form of dependency for adults experiencing serious and persistent mental illness because most are capable of productive work.
- Improved self-esteem is the most effective antidote for dependency and is a prerequisite for self-sufficiency.
- Identity, dignity and income are three excellent sources of self-esteem, and work is a primary source of all three.
Ready to get involved and make a change?
Learn how to support us, donate or volunteer today!


During these uncertain times, how can we help?
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Big Brothers Big Sisters Mercer County
Cause Area
 - Children & Youth
535 East Franklin StreetTrenton, NJ 08610 United States
Organization Information
Mission Statement
Volunteers (Bigs) cultivate relationships that provide children with skills to manage every day challenges. Through simple friendship, Bigs experience the joy of helping children discover a world of possibilities and opportunities.
Bigs provide Littles with one-to-one time and attention in their communities, typically four hours or more per month. During these unstructured outings, Bigs provide opportunities for Littles to enjoy the companionship of a caring adult outside of the home and school in various community, sporting, cultural, and educational activities.
This is just like a "Traditional Community-Based Match" except a child is matched with a couple.
School-based mentoring is a way for busy individuals to volunteer and for companies to give back to the community. In the school-based program, companies typically allow their employees to volunteer one hour of their work week during the academic school year, by providing Littles with one-to-one time and attention in their school.
Would you recommend Big Brothers Big Sisters Mercer County?
1 review Write a review
by De'Avion S. from Trenton, NJ (August 23, 2014)
I would recommend this organization to a friend or colleague because it seem as if it would be a gray organization to learn from and also set examples to younger peers.
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When business people examine financial and economic information on which to base decisions, they differ in how they want the information presented. Some prefer spreadsheets, with the data organized into rows and columns of numbers. Others prefer the data presented more visually, such as bar graphs and line charts. The demand schedule and demand curve in economics represent ways of presenting the relationship of price and quantity demanded that satisfy both types of entrepreneurs.
The demand schedule and demand curve both illustrate the relationship between the price of a product or service and the level of demand for it. Other factors besides price, such as consumer income and the price of competing goods, influence demand. The demand schedule and demand curve, however, consider only price, assuming no change in these other factors, according to N. Gregory Mankiw, a Harvard economist and former presidential economics adviser.
The demand schedule illustrates the relationship between price and quantity demanded by using a table of figures. The demand schedule generally consists of two columns: one for the price of a product and one for the quantity demanded at that price. The price column displays different price levels, arrayed from lowest to highest, or vice versa, while the quantity demanded column displays the quantity of that good or service demanded at each price level. The demand schedule for most products will show a reduction in quantity demanded as the price increases.
The demand curve is a visual form of the demand schedule. Economists depict the demand schedule on a two-dimensional graph, consisting of a vertical axis representing price and a horizontal axis representing quantity demanded. The vertical axis displays different price levels from highest to lowest, while the horizontal axis displays different levels of demand. The apex of the vertical and horizontal axis has a value of zero for both quantity and price. Mankiw notes that the demand curve for most products slopes downward, indicating an increase in demand as the price declines.
The demand schedule and demand curve are complementary ways of examining the relationship between price and quantity demanded. The demand schedule helps create the demand curve. The individual rows in the demand schedule, showing specific price points and quantity demanded, provide the coordinates to be plotted on the graph. After plotting the individual coordinates, an analyst or business manager can draw the demand curve that connects the individual points.
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The Canadian Museum for Human Rights is known with its excellence in working with children and young people.
Be an Upstander School Program is adapted to different age groups and school levels.
Program length: 90 minutes
Students explore the contributions of outstanding Canadian human rights defenders and participate in an interactive game to inspire them to stand up for their rights and the rights of others.
Students learn about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with particular attention to the role of Canadian John Humphrey in Turning Points for Humanity on Level 4.
They experience exhibits that look at the personal life journeys of Canadian and international human rights defenders, and how they became upstanders for human rights in Rights Today on Level 5.
Students participate in a digital interactive game on how every action counts. Students are presented with scenarios and make choices on issues. In doing this, they explore how they can have a direct role in creating a society where everyone is treated with dignity and respect. This activity takes place in Actions Count on Level 4.
Students discuss how human rights affect us all and how each one of us can make a difference in Inspiring Change on Level 7.
For more information please visit: _URL_
The museum developed the Be an Upstander resource which is a project-based learning unit designed to complement the Be an Upstander school program. This interactive resource is designed for students in middle school and encourages inquiry and action on human rights issues.
Language: English, French


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A grinning centaur, a mythological creature that is half-man and half-horse, stands proudly in this sculpture. He carries a set of panpipes and an animal skin is draped over his left arm. Colored marble such as this was quite expensive and a popular symbol of wealth in the Roman world. It was used primarily for architectural decoration and occasionally for sculpture.
This sculpture, acquired by the Getty Museum as a Roman work and believed to have come from the ruins of the palace of the emperor Domitian, has been recently reexamined. These studies suggest that the sculpture was in fact made in the 1700s as a copy of a Roman statue. The centaur is covered with pointing marks that are not ancient.
The Getty Museum centaur is remarkably similar to another centaur carved by the eighteenth-century sculptor Bartolomeo Cavaceppi, who offered copies of Roman centaurs in his sales catalogue. The Getty centaur may also be the work of Cavaceppi.


linear approximation from a data table Stewart Calculus 8e 14.4.22. Rotate this graphic around. In solid gray is the linear interpolation triangular surface plot doing a simple linear interpolation between nearest data points (red), while the transparent grid plane is the linear approximation at the center point of the tabular data. The lighting scheme is annoying, but from some angles you can see the solid gray triangles, compared to the SurfaceWireframe tangent plane. The blue point is the point on the linear approsimation tangent plane near the central data point as a way to interpolate to the value of this tabular data function in between data points. [encoded data, 51332 characters]
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">problem statement</Text-field> [encoded data, 16748 characters]


Title: A quantitative form of Schoenberg's theorem in fixed dimension
Speaker: Alexander Belton (Lancaster University, UK)
Date: 05 April 2017
Time: 4 pm
Venue: LH-1, Mathematics Department
The Hadamard product of two matrices is formed by multiplying corresponding entries, and the Schur product theorem states that this operation preserves positive semidefiniteness.
It follows immediately that every analytic function with non-negative Maclaurin coefficients, when applied entrywise, preserves positive semidefiniteness for matrices of any order. The converse is due to Schoenberg: a function which preserves positive semidefiniteness for matrices of arbitrary order is necessarily analytic and has non-negative Maclaurin coefficients.
For matrices of fixed order, the situation is more interesting. This talk will present recent work which shows the existence of polynomials with negative leading term which preserve positive semidefiniteness, and characterises precisely how large this term may be. (Joint work with D. Guillot, A. Khare and M. Putinar.)
Contact: +91 (80) 2293 2711, +91 (80) 2293 2625
E-mail: chairman.math[at]iisc[dot]ac[dot]in


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Graphics Interface Layer
Question submitted by (22 January 2000)
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 I like to write an graphics interface layer that can use OpenGL and Dx internally. I read your solution in the FOK column but a still confused about the implementations. I can think of 2 solns.
1. Create an abstract base graphics class and derive classes that use OpenGL or Dx implementations. I don't like this because it requires virtual functions and as a graphics API, speed is a concern.
2. Create two seperate auxillary class that implements OpenGL and Dx8 specifically with same interfaces(implemented in a dll) and graphics interface calls the auxillary class. This is a maintanence nightmare and it's quite troublesome too.
When I decide to add a texture object class that can be implemented by using a Dx surface (dx8) or a series of bytes (OpenGL), both methods does not allow it easily without some ugly friends access (and other nightmarish practices).
I would like to make function calls like this
// use the object to set the texture in graphics object
Texture_Object.SetTexture(Graphics_Interface_Object);
and
// use the graphics layer object to set a texture
Graphcs_Interface_Object.SetTexture(Texture_Object);
What are your suggestions?

 Personally, I would go with #1, but make sure to give your API a high-level interface.
The high level interface will reduce the number of calls placed into it. For example, you won't be calling it per polygon, you'll be calling it per mesh. If you're worried about the calls you do place through the virtual mechanism, don't worry about it. The difference is probably only about 0.001 frames per second, which is a small price to pay for maintainability and cleaner design.
The places where you'll loose a lot of performance from the virtual mechanism is in your low-level APIs, (like a matrix/vector class, for example.)
I think you're running into problems with your Texture_ObjectSetTexture() example because you're not working at a high-enough level. Try placing your texture information in the object data (or class) when you pass it to the rendering DLL.
Response provided by Paul Nettle

This article was originally an entry in flipCode's Ask Midnight, a Question and Answer column with Paul Nettle that's no longer active.

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Pleistocene Park and the North-East Scientific Station
The North-East Scientific Station (NESS) and Pleistocene Park are scientific organizations located in the north of Siberia, 5 km from the town of Chersky (Yakutia)
(68° 44'N, 161° 23'E).
Established in 1977, the North-East Scientific Station has become one of the world's largest Arctic research stations, providing varied opportunities for study throughout the year in various disciplines such as ecology, climate change, arctic biology, permafrost studies, hydrology, limnology, geophysics, atmospheric physics, and others. NESS has 3 laboratories with modern equipment and the ability to welcome up to 50 researchers at a time.
Pleistocene Park is a major initiative that includes an attempt to restore the mammoth steppe ecosystem, which was dominant in the Arctic in the late Pleistocene. The initiative requires replacement of the current unproductive northern ecosystems by highly productive pastures which have both a high animal density and a high rate of biocycling.
Experiments with animal reintroductions were begun in 1988. Currently, Pleistocene Park consists of an enclosed area of 16 square kilometers that is home to 5 major herbivore species: bison, musk ox, moose, horses and reindeer.
May 1, 2012 — New photos of the park from 2011-2012
April 24, 2011 — Wapiti and Bisons have arrived to the Park
Six Wapiti and five Bisons have arrived to the Park. All feeling fine. More information and photos are coming soon.
March 17, 2011 — New photos of musk ox
Ice on the river is now deep enough, so we have made 45km of winter road to the Park and now it is much easier to get there. Took camera with me and now we have a few new shots.


Assessment of Biomechanical Properties of Soft Tissues Using Portable Ultrasound Indentation System
論文翻譯標題: 開發一個手持式超音波壓痕系統應用於軟組織的生物力學特性量測
 - 高 詩涵
學生論文: Master's Thesis
摘要
The definition of soft tissues is any tissues that connect support or surround organs of human It consists of skin fat fiber tendon ligament muscle and fascia Diseases of soft tissues include infection inflammation rupture tumor edema and hematoma The status of soft tissues in the human body is often of interest in clinical diagnosis According to previous studies we know that if soft tissues undergo pathological changes they are usually accompanied by changes in their stiffness and thickness Palpation is often used to clinically detect changes in soft tissues but this method is subjective and unquantifiable; we need a quantitative more accurate system to collocate with palpation Ultrasound is a good choice because advantages of using it are that it is non-invasive quantifiable easy to perform and cheaper than other instruments Hence in this study we developed a portable ultrasound indentation system with a hand-held probe and used chirp-coded excitation with the Tukey window function as the signal trigger Chirp-coded excitation with the Tukey window function is an effective method to increase the echo signal-to-noise ratio (eSNR) and transmitted energy because if eSNR is too low this may affect the output of the signal process and reduce the worth of a technique in clinical diagnosis If the energy of the transmitted ultrasound signals is too low it will affect the penetration depth of the ultrasound system In future studies we could use this system to detect abnormalities not only in the biceps brachii but also in other soft tissues in the human body Therefore we used ultrasound elastography with a 5-MHz single element transducer combined with a load cell which can measure 0–5 N and record the force when compressing the transducer We then integrated the ultrasound signals and force values to process the elastic information of the soft tissues In the in vitro validation we tested the technique on double layer phantoms with different hardness and stiffness as well as on porcine soft tissues In the in vivo validation we tested the biceps brachii in the human body From the information gained on tissue elasticity we found that our system was able to distinguish variations in hardness in a double layer phantom along with different layers in the porcine tissues and biceps brachii of the human body
獎項日期2016 8月 3
原文English
監督員Tainsong Chen (Supervisor)
引用此
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The Murrieta Creek Flood Control, Environmental Restoration and Recreation Project is a multi-purpose flood risk management, ecosystem restoration and recreation project that will provide 100-year flood protection for the Cities of Temecula and Murrieta in Riverside County. The Project consists of about seven miles of channel improvements, three bridge replacements, a 270 acre multi-purpose basin with 163 acres of wetland restoration and a 49 acre park. Channel improvements are to widen downstream of the basin through the City of Temecula, and a widen and include levees on both sides extending from Elm Street upstream through the City of Murrieta to Tenaja Road. The Project is divided into four construction phases. Phases 1 and 2 are substantially complete, but a limited reevaluation report (LRR) and potential change in authorization is in progress by USACE.
Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservations District
The Project consists of about seven miles of channel improvements, three bridge replacements, a 270 acre multi-purpose basin with 163 acres of wetland restoration and a 49 acre park.


UIDs are arranged in alphabetic order and intervals are arranged in numeric order.
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_NORMALIZE(g LONGTEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(g, '')|
This function returns the union of two GTID sets.
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_UNION(gtid_set_1 LONGTEXT, gtid_set_2 LONGTEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
 RETURN GTID_NORMALIZE(CONCAT(gtid_set_1, ',', gtid_set_2))|
This function returns the intersection of two GTID sets.
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_INTERSECTION(gtid_set_1 LONGTEXT, gtid_set_2 LONGTEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
 RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(gtid_set_1, GTID_SUBTRACT(gtid_set_1, gtid_set_2))|
This function returns the symmetric difference between two GTID sets, that is, the GTIDs that exist in gtid_set_1 but not in gtid_set_2, and also the GTIDs that exist in gtid_set_2 but not in gtid_set_1.
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_SYMMETRIC_DIFFERENCE(gtid_set_1 LONGTEXT, gtid_set_2 LONGTEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
 RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(CONCAT(gtid_set_1, ',', gtid_set_2), GTID_INTERSECTION(gtid_set_1, gtid_set_2))|
This function removes from a GTID set all the GTIDs from a specified origin, and returns the remaining GTIDs, if any. The UUID is the identifier used by the server where the transaction originated, which is normally the server_uuid value.
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_SUBTRACT_UUID(gtid_set LONGTEXT, uuid TEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
 RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(gtid_set, CONCAT(UUID, ':1-', (1 << 63) - 2))|
This function reverses the previously listed function to return only those GTIDs from the GTID set that originate from the server with the specified identifier (UUID).
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_INTERSECTION_WITH_UUID(gtid_set LONGTEXT, uuid TEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
 RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(gtid_set, GTID_SUBTRACT_UUID(gtid_set, uuid))|
Example 17.1 Verifying that a replica is up to date
The built-in functions GTID_SUBSET and GTID_SUBTRACT can be used to check that a replica has applied at least every transaction that a source has applied.
To perform this check with GTID_SUBSET, execute the following statement on the replica:
SELECT GTID_SUBSET(source_gtid_executed, replica_gtid_executed)
If this returns 0 (false), some GTIDs in source_gtid_executed are not present in replica_gtid_executed, so the source has applied some transactions that the replica has not applied, and the replica is therefore not up to date.
To perform the check with GTID_SUBTRACT, execute the following statement on the replica:
SELECT GTID_SUBTRACT(source_gtid_executed, replica_gtid_executed)
This statement returns any GTIDs that are in source_gtid_executed but not in replica_gtid_executed. If any GTIDs are returned, the source has applied some transactions that the replica has not applied, and the replica is therefore not up to date.
Example 17.2 Backup and restore scenario
The stored functions GTID_IS_EQUAL, GTID_IS_DISJOINT, and GTID_IS_DISJOINT_UNION could be used to verify backup and restore operations involving multiple databases and servers. In this example scenario, server1 contains database db1, and server2 contains database db2. The goal is to copy database db2 to server1, and the result on server1 should be the union of the two databases. The procedure used is to back up server2 using mysqlpump or mysqldump, then restore this backup on server1.
Provided the backup program's option --set-gtid-purged was set to ON or the default of AUTO, the program's output contains a SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged statement which adds the gtid_executed set from server2 to the gtid_purged set on server1. The gtid_purged set contains the GTIDs of all the transactions that have been committed on a server but do not exist in any binary log file on the server. When database db2 is copied to server1, the GTIDs of the transactions committed on server2, which are not in the binary log files on server1, must be added to server1's gtid_purged set to make the set complete.
The stored functions can be used to assist with the following steps in this scenario:
 - Use GTID_IS_EQUAL to verify that the backup operation computed the correct GTID set for the SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged statement. On server2, extract that statement from the mysqlpump or mysqldump output, and store the GTID set into a local variable, such as $gtid_purged_set. Then execute the following statement:
 server2> SELECT GTID_IS_EQUAL($gtid_purged_set, @@GLOBAL.gtid_executed);
 If the result is 1, the two GTID sets are equal, and the set has been computed correctly.
 - Use GTID_IS_DISJOINT to verify that the GTID set in the mysqlpump or mysqldump output does not overlap with the gtid_executed set on server1. Having identical GTIDs present on both servers causes errors when copying database db2 to server1. To check, on server1, extract and store the gtid_purged set from the output into a local variable as above, then execute the following statement:
 server1> SELECT GTID_IS_DISJOINT($gtid_purged_set, @@GLOBAL.gtid_executed);
 If the result is 1, there is no overlap between the two GTID sets, so no duplicate GTIDs are present.
 - Use GTID_IS_DISJOINT_UNION to verify that the restore operation resulted in the correct GTID state on server1. Before restoring the backup, on server1, obtain the existing gtid_executed set by executing the following statement:
 server1> SELECT @@GLOBAL.gtid_executed;
 Store the result in a local variable $original_gtid_executed. Also store the gtid_purged set in a local variable as described above. When the backup from server2 has been restored onto server1, execute the following statement to verify the GTID state:
 server1> SELECT GTID_IS_DISJOINT_UNION($original_gtid_executed,
 $gtid_purged_set,
 @@GLOBAL.gtid_executed);
 If the result is 1, the stored function has verified that the original gtid_executed set from server1 ($original_gtid_executed) and the gtid_purged set that was added from server2 ($gtid_purged_set) have no overlap, and also that the updated gtid_executed set on server1 now consists of the previous gtid_executed set from server1 plus the gtid_purged set from server2, which is the desired result. Ensure that this check is carried out before any further transactions take place on server1, otherwise the new transactions in the gtid_executed set cause it to fail.
Example 17.3 Selecting the most up-to-date replica for manual failover
The stored function GTID_UNION could be used to identify the most up-to-date replica from a set of replicas, in order to perform a manual failover operation after a source server has stopped unexpectedly. If some of the replicas are experiencing replication lag, this stored function can be used to compute the most up-to-date replica without waiting for all the replicas to apply their existing relay logs, and therefore to minimize the failover time. The function can return the union of the gtid_executed set on each replica with the set of transactions received by the replica, which is recorded in the Performance Schema table replication_connection_status. You can compare these results to find which replica's record of transactions is the most up-to-date, even if not all of the transactions have been committed yet.
On each replica, compute the complete record of transactions by issuing the following statement:
SELECT GTID_UNION(RECEIVED_TRANSACTION_SET, @@GLOBAL.gtid_executed)
 FROM performance_schema.replication_connection_status
 WHERE channel_name = 'name';
You can then compare the results from each replica to see which one has the most up-to-date record of transactions, and use this replica as the new source.
Example 17.4 Checking for extraneous transactions on a replica
The stored function GTID_SUBTRACT_UUID could be used to check whether a replica has received transactions that did not originate from its designated source


text:
Salina South High School730 E Magnolia Rd
Salina, KS 67401
Design Achievement – DLR Group's design for the additions and renovations at Salina South High School responds to the District's goals of creating an engaged learner through flexible and adaptable spaces in a safe and secure environment. The design includes two major classroom wings and an auxiliary gymnasium, along with an improved new main entrance to the high school. The school is organized around two distinct learning environments – one centered on the Humanities and one centered around STEM. CTE courses are dispersed between the two learning environments to reinforce the connection between the core curriculum and the advanced CTE curriculum. Large sliding doors further increase the connection between spaces and create a highly flexible and collaborative environment. The commons and media center link the two learning environments together and become a hub for activity within the school.
Scope Summary - The 275,000 SF high school accommodates 1,477 students in two distinct learning environments centered around Humanities and STEM. The organization within each learning environment reinforces the overall building concepts of flexibility and collaboration. Each learning environment contains CTE courses adjacent to the core curriculum spaces. These CTE courses offer high visibility from the circulation space to showcase and enhance awareness of the rigorous coursework happening within and enhance the learning environment and academic interaction for students. Collaboration space is located centrally in the learning environments connecting to both the learning environments and CTE courses. The student commons connects the existing performing arts and athletic spaces, allowing the commons to be a preand post-function space for public events and activities. DLR Group provided architecture, engineering and interior design services for this project.


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. A nematode worm (Syngamus trachea) that infects the tracheas of certain birds and causes gapes.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A nematoid worm, Syngamus trachealis, the cause of gapes in fowls.
- n. A parasitic nematode worm, Syngamus trachea, that infects the tracheas of some birds and causes the disease gapes
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. (Zoöl.) The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See
" Gapeworms "lodge in the hen's throat"... nuts! The larvae of the gapeworm live and mature in the lungs, trachea and bronchi, causing a severe pneumonia in young birds."
Looking for tweets for gapeworm.


text:
Private equity investors (PEIs) when investing in new portfolio companies, seek to align management's interests with that of the PEI to grow the value of the portfolio company and achieve a profitable return in the investment upon exit.
Typically, PEIs incentivize management to adopt such interests through compensation arrangements in the form of performance incentives. Generally, PEIs will grant management an interest in the growth in value of the company via an interest in the equity of the company (e.g., stock options or performance shares) or in the profit/proceeds of the company, the latter of which is typically used for partnerships.
Notwithstanding that specifics naturally differ across all PEIs, there are some common elements in the amount and vesting among performance incentives. PricewaterhouseCoopers published a survey (the Survey) and a report (the Report) in 2013 and 2012, respectively, outlining such information which is summarized below.
Amount and participation
Determining the right percentage of interest in a portfolio company (or profit/proceeds) to be granted to sufficiently incentivize management is a fact-specific question. Generally, PEIs first determine the total compensation they wish to provide management upon a successful exit then "back-solve" for the amount and form of equity required to deliver that dollar amount. Further, both the Survey and the Report note that:
- on average, PEIs reserve approximately 10% of the equity interest for management incentive plans (as a percentage of fully diluted shares) with a range of 4.5% to 17%; and
- on average, the CEO and next four senior-most executives receive approximately 50% of this reserve.
Notably, PEIs also typically tie different percentages to different performance achievements. For example, escalating percentages (e.g., 5%, 10%) can reflect different tiers, each tied to an escalating performance (or hurdle) rate.
Performance incentives are typically subject to vesting conditions. While some performance incentives are time vesting, the Report states that the following two vesting conditions are the most commonly used:
- performance based vesting conditions based on metrics related to achieving financial targets (e.g., EBITDA); or
- exit based vesting conditions based on metrics such as the internal rate of return or a multiple of invested capital achieved upon a liquidity event.
PEIs may impose additional terms which may cause a person to forfeit their entitlement to any performance incentives upon the occurrence of certain events, such as that person's resignation or termination.
The author would like to thank Nader Hasan, articling student, for his assistance in preparing this legal update.
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