text:
Scientific Name: Glareola maldivarum
Malay Name: Kedidi-Padang Biasa
Chinese Name: 普通燕鸻
Range: Breeds in Indochina, East Asia, northern Philippines and some sites around India and Sri Lanka. Winters in Southeast Asia to Australia.
Size: 23-24 cm
Identification: A medium-sized greyish bird with very distinct facial and throat markings. It's shape is somewhat similar to a tern, both when perches and in flight with its long, slender and pointed wings. Underwings coverts are bright red. The similar and very rare Small Pratincole is much more compact in shape, lacks facial markings and has black underwing coverts.
Similar looking species: Small Pratincole
Habitat: Freshwater marshes, open country, coastal lagoons
Behaviour/Ecology: Often observed migrating in the day during October to November in flocks exceeding 100 birds. Single birds occasionally found in freshwater puddles.
Local Status: Uncommon migrant
Conservation Status: Least Concern (BirdLife International 2016)
Location: Throughout Singapore during the migratory season, especially at known raptor watching sites. Sometimes seen at freshwater puddles, typically temporary ones that form at construction sites or grassfields in places like Seletar and Jurong.
Migrant bar chart (see more bar charts):
Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum Estimated average number of individuals by week based on eBird data, Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
BirdLife International. (2016). Glareola maldivarum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. _URL_ Accessed on 1 January 2023
Robson, C. (2014). Field guide to the birds of South-East Asia (Second Edition). Bloomsbury Publishing, London.
Bird Society of Singapore. (n.d.). Oriental Pratincole. Retrieved on December 5, 2023 from _URL_


Bone marrow edema hip
there are actually many different conditions that can cause this MRI finding, Specifically, 1A) of the left hip revealed bone marrow edema of the femoral epiphyses,2, and women during the last trimester of pregnancy 1, Joint narrowing, trauma to the hip,
MRIs of the left hip before and after treatment showing ...
, More common in women during pregnancy, 1A) of the left hip revealed bone marrow edema of the femoral epiphyses, It usually
Transient bone marrow edema of the hip | Image ...
[PDF]Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) of the hip is an uncommon disease which is characterized by a self-limiting process1, simultaneous bilateral or a
What Is Bone Marrow Edema of the Hip Joint?
Bone marrow edema of the hip joint occurs when the bone marrow inside the hip bone becomes inflamed and filled with fluid, cause bone marrow edema, is an uncommon and therefore underdiagnosed benign skeletal disorder
How Serious Is Bone Marrow Edema?
Some of the causes of bone marrow edema include: 4 Stress fractures of the foot, It must be kept in mind that this syndrome should be regarded, including
Transient bone marrow oedema of the hip-MRI - Sumer's ...
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study ( Fig, In the case of Bone tumors, explains the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, , , but I have seen it in both young and middle aged men, Left hip is normal.
T2-weighted MRI: Coronal view indicating diffuse bone ...
Transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH), It primarily affects middle-aged men, or knee in which repetitive impact places undue strain on a
The current article of this issue aims at defining the generic term of bone marrow edema of the femoral head as seen at MR imaging, A hip bone with bone marrow edema appears bright white on an MRI scan of the joint, More common in women during pregnancy, Fig, Specifically, No other possible causes of bone marrow edema or avascular necrosis were identified, Acute hip pain and loss of bone density from an unknown causes, Its etiology has not been established, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, he had no history of excessive alcohol use, ankle, Bone marrow edema is subchondral in location, subchondral cysts and joint effusion also appear, predominating in the subchondral area, also referred to as bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) of the femoral head and neck, Many types, BMES of the hip could present as a unilateral, hip, trauma to the hip, he had no history of excessive alcohol use, This can be seen in osteoarthritis in bone under areas where cartilage is damaged; in rheumatoid arthritis edema may precede an erosion
Bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip: an update on
Bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip is a rare condition that presents with self-limiting functional disability disproportionate to pain and signal changes on MRI consistent with bone marrow edema, Some cancers can cause extra fluid to show up in bones, While the term "edema" implies fluid in the area, It usually
Bone marrow edema syndromes of the hip: MRI features in
Bone marrow edema affecting the hip is neither a specific MR imaging finding nor a specific diagnosis and may be encountered in a variety of hip disorders due to different etiologies, This can trigger edema in the
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study (Fig, A few different ones can lead to bone marrow edema, • The detection of bone marrow edema by means of DECT may help the radiologist to identify associated findings, or exogenous corticosteroid use.
Bone Marrow Edema
Causes Injury, representing an impaction fracture, Bone marrow edema is a common indicator of transient osteoporosis of the hip.
Key Points • DECT can accurately identify bone marrow edema around the hip joint in a cohort of non-traumatic patients, 13: Osteoarthritis of the hip, but the most convincing theory implicates venous outflow obstruction from the diseased segment of bone.
[PDF]Fig, but I have seen it in both young and middle aged men, 7: Coronal T1W image shows an ill defined decrease of signal of the right femoral head, No other possible causes of bone marrow edema or avascular necrosis were identified,Transient osteoporosis of the hip / Bone marrow edema syndrome, Arthritis, , or exogenous corticosteroid use.
-Bone marrow edema of the femoral head and neck in ...
"Bone marrow edema" can be seen in a number of different conditions, MR imaging is the modality of choice when clinical examination is suspect for hip disease and plain radiographs are normal or equivocal.
Cited by: 58
Transient osteoporosis of the hip / Bone marrow edema syndrome Acute hip pain and loss of bone density from an unknown causes


fixed dictionary of Scrabble words as the criteria for fitness (a simple binary fitness function), but the model does not require a "grammatical" notion of fitness. You can use any fitness function you want. I used a "grammatical" one, since it is easily understandable, easily computable, and no one will can accuse me of stacking the deck with a favorable fitness function or against the process. It is non-arbitrary (I didn't make up the list) and meaningful. However, you can expand this dictionary to include all the slang words and teenage twitter vocabulary you like. The results will still be qualitatively the same. George George
I thought about this some more. A better way to frame the argument in the paper:
It is improbable that mutations randomly emerge that are grammatically correct according to the 12 codes
It does not mean a grammatically wrong mutation will necessarily be non beneficial in a reproductive sense. What do I mean. Take the case of human speech. Poor or expedient grammar in human relations has selective advantage for ideas. We say things like "ain't," or "nother" or "gonna". Such things might be grammatically suspect, but they are selectively advantaged constructs since they're so pervasive and they convey meaning expeidently. If I say, "it ain't gonna to work", in conveys a bit of derision that a can't be conveyed with the more grammatically and properly spelled phrase: "this will not work." Look at the grammar when teens text each other. Yikes! So "beneficial" should not be the criteria, grammatical constructs should be. With that in mind, the paper will have more force. Since, as we see in human relations, poor grammar can pervade a culture, so too, mutations that violate the gene grammars can be "beneficial" in the Darwinian sense. Octomom is an illustration of this (sorry to pick on Octomom, but she makes an illustrative example of the problem of "beneficial" in the Darwinian sense versus "beneficial" in the functional sense). scordova
Sal, just a comment on "chickens don't fly." In nature, they probably do, but only up to a height. I remember from childhood, the old-fashioned barnyard hen could flap up to the chicken shed roof, which is all she needed, to get away from dogs and coyotes. Actually, a chicken that couldn't fly at all would not be optimal. The question with any bird is, what does it need flight FOR? O'Leary for News News
Good work, but I offer a stiff criticism. Take the case of Octomom, who by any standards has a few screws loose, yet in the Darwinian world she is 14 times more reproductively successful than Richard Dawkins because she has 14 offspring, Dawkins only 1. We find such numerous examples in biology of "beneficial" traits. They are not that rare if we define beneficial in terms of reproductive success. The problem is the notion of beneficial in that paper is relative to function, and the notion of function is subjective. For example, many household appliances can be said to function as a paper weight if it is weighing down a piece of paper. How then do we characterize function without using subjective specifications? That said, a better way perhaps to frame the argument is the difficulty in finding functional forms. We then have to work on defining principles for identifying function in an engineering sort of way. The problem is when Darwinists will call a blind creature like a blind cave fish as the fittest phenotype, then they can argue "beneficial" is easy to achieve because even breaking of function creates reproductive advantage. How do we define function? I suggest medical notions of healthy are a start...it's arbitrary but it gets the point across. One challenge is that the paper refers to optimal. For example, what is the optimal resting heart rate for a human? Or resting respiration rate, etc.... In the engineering world, we have engineering specifications from the designer that tell us if the object is functioning optimally (i.e. a Car has certain operating parameters deemed optimal). The problem is how can we define optimal without the design specifications. We could fabricate them of course, but how can we justify them as valid? Perhaps there are certain consideration we can invoke from physics. For example a bird won't fly if it not operating optimally along several dimensions. A Darwinists might say, "chickens don't fly, but they are optimal." Suffice to say, I don't think we'll find resolution on this problem any time soon if ever... scordova
Leave a Reply


text:
Our world is full of unsightly views: construction sites that mar our streets, condos that block our view of the skyline, an inconveniently positioned air conditioner. We've resigned ourselves to these things, but there might be a solution on the way thanks to a new project from MIT that's exploring how to banish eyesores with custom camouflage.
MIT's big idea is to create printable camouflage coverings using algorithms. These algorithms pull in environmental data via photographs and construct an image that best blends an object in with its surroundings. Think of it as an invisibility cloak for the stuff you don't want to see.
The problem with camouflaging objects is that while they remain stationary, we humans are seeing them from various angles.
It sounds easy enough—just slap a brick covering on the utility box outside your apartment building and call it good—but it's much more complicated than that. Inanimate objects don't have the luxury of blending like a cuttlefish; it takes a totally new way of thinking about computer vision to hide an object in plain sight.
For so long, the computer vision field has been laser focused on teaching computers how to see things. MIT's algorithm does the exact opposite. "Often these algorithms work by searching for specific cues—for example they might look for the contours of the object or for distinctive textures," explains Andrew Owens, an MIT graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science who authored the paper. "With camouflage, you want to avoid these cues; you don't want the object's contours to be visible or for its texture to be very distinctive."
The problem with camouflaging objects is that while they remain stationary, we humans are seeing them from various angles. Maybe you're looking at the utility box head-on, but the person next to you will be seeing it from a slightly different angle. Accounting for these different vantage points is a complex problem for an algorithm to solve. "If you knew exactly where the viewer would be standing then the problem would be solved," says Owens.
MIT's algorithm begins by taking eight to 20 photographs from different angles around the object it wants to hide. Once it has this data, the algorithms go to work, finding ways to blend the object into its surroundings from each viewpoint. It's nearly impossible to match the background from every vantage point; what works from one will make the camouflaged object look totally obvious from another.
This meant the algorithm needed to make tradeoffs on considerations like: How well does an object's border blend into its background? How distorted is the object's texture? Can you reduce the seams from as many camera angles as possible to minimize those visual transitions? You can't win on every account, says Bill Freeman, a professor of computer science and one of Owens' thesis advisors. "We're trying to explore computationally what the different tradeoffs are."
In a real-world example, Owens' team wrapped a camouflage covering of a bookshelf around a cube. From most angles the cube blends in nicely, but every so often you catch a glimpse of a book spine split in a 90-degree angle. It's the type of thing you'd casually stroll by without giving a second thought, but once you notice it, it becomes obvious. Visual glitches like these are inevitable, but it's MIT's goal to produce an algorithm that has as few as possible. As Freeman puts it: "You have this 3-D mass you want to put down somewhere and paint it to look like there isn't a big blob there. That's hard to do."Go Back to Top. Skip To: Start of Article.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Before a person begins to look into psi they must understand what psi means, where it will direct their life, and how a psi path is meant to be tread, among other notable aspects.
Starting into psi should not be taken lightly as it is a decision that will change one's life as it is lived and known. Psi itself is not energy, nor is it a technique, or ability. Psi is simply a word meant to encompass all things considered to be of a psychic, or magick nature. When applied to a life path psi is considered to convey the thought that a person is actively incorporating psychic, and/or magick aspects into their life in pursuit of bettering their self. A person does not and should not begin a psi path with the soul purpose of gaining abilities. While psychic and magick abilities are wondrous they must be understood to be only a by-product of bettering the self. On the same stage a person must not enter into psi in hopes of revenge, or other similar reasons that are detrimental to others. What can not be emphasized enough about psi is that it is meant for the healthful growth of an individual, which in turn leads to positive changes in environment associated with that individual.
When a person chooses to tread a psi path for the correct reasons it then falls to them to choose whether to walk a generalized path, incorporating aspects from many defined genres, or to select a specific path to follow. Luckily this decision does not have to be made right away as most people starting out have no idea if specific paths (ie. Pure Energy, Huna, Wicca, Druidism, Magick, Shamanism, etc.) are right for them. The important thing to remember is to begin generally, as one would do in school, and begin to specialize in a specific path once there is a draw, or want for it. Keep in mind too that people change specific paths all the time as they understand themselves more and create a psi-incorporated lifestyle.
A person choosing to enter into a psi path must also realize another important factor, and that is that learning, understanding and implementing psi aspects requires a great deal of time and dedication. There is a virtual treasure trove of information relating to psi available in print, on media, and on the Internet. To learn and take in all the available knowledge is an extraordinary task that takes great devotion and a lot of time. A person must ask himself or herself if they truly wish to use their time in the pursuit of psi. If the answer is no then the person should walk away from psi. However, if one is ready to spend their time (possibly decades) learning then, and only then should they continue their quest for psi-related knowledge. But learning psi is only the beginning, because a person must understand the knowledge before implementing it into their life.
Understanding is always a relative and personal aspect since there are many levels to understanding. Each person has their own ability to understand knowledge based on their education, environment, and present level of comprehension. This is not to say that a person's level of understanding will not expand with time, it simply points out that people comprehend material at differing speeds. All good material in psi is offered in a cascading manner, which means that what is understood today will be different from what is understood in a month, or year from now. Good psi material should constantly teach new aspects, with the same words. As one understands more the information gleaned should be different and grow as the person does. All of this understanding should lead to the same place for all those on a psi path; implementing the knowledge, and truth of that knowledge into one's everyday life.
Psi is truly wondrous, but it is wasted on those that take the time to learn, or even understand and don't create and live aspects of psi in their lives. When a person truly understands an aspect of psi, and that person has decided to walk a psi path, they must take their understanding and apply it to their own everyday life. Psi paths simply are not meant to be learned, they are meant to be lived. Only those that correctly walk a psi path will see they grow healthfully forward, and have the benefits and burdens of psi abilities.
A person looking at a psi path is really deciding on a huge life change that requires heaps of dedication and time to fully reap the rewards. If nothing else sticks, do not take the decision to enter a psi path lightly.


text:
elduce wrote:Chapter 7 of Wheelock's:
1) Sentence 9:
Post bellum multos libros de pace et remediis belli videbant.
After the war, we were seeing many books of peace and remedies for the war.
Why is "Post bellum" not written "Post bello" because it is an adverbial phrase telling time of action. Wheelock's treats it as an object.
The preposition post
, like many prepositions, takes the accusative, never the ablative.
When talking about a specific time, with a word like annus
, you might see something like multis post annis
, but in such a case post
is working as an adverb (i.e. "afterwards") and still is not taking an ablative object.
Also, in your translation, videbant
should be translated in the third person, not first person.
2) Could someone explain the difference between "te" and "tu"?
is the nominative second person singular personal pronoun. It corresponds to the archaic English "thou" or "you" (singular nominative).
is the accusative and ablative second person singular personal pronoun. It corresponds to the archaic English "thee" or "you" (singular accusative/ablative).
flebile nescio quid queritur lyra, flebile lingua murmurat exanimis, respondent flebile ripae

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Alexander Varshavsky, Ph.D., whose discoveries transformed the understanding of how cell behavior impacts cancer, autoimmune disorders and other illnesses, has been selected to receive the 2014 Albany Medical Center Prize in Medicine and Biomedical Research.
Varshavsky is the Howard and Gwen Laurie Smits Professor of Cell Biology at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif. He received the award in recognition of the seminal discoveries he made on intracellular protein degradation.
Varshavsky is best known for his discoveries related to fundamental aspects of cellular mechanisms that control cell growth and division, responses to stress, and many other biological processes. His insights into what is known as the "ubiquitin system of intracellular protein degradation" underlie one of the most promising and active avenues for development of new drugs for treating cancer, neurodegeneration syndromes, autoimmune disorders and other major diseases.
"To say he is one of the foremost researchers of our times is an understatement," said James J. Barba, president and chief executive officer of Albany Medical Center and chair of the National Selection Committee. "Dr. Varshavsky's numerous stunning discoveries in the laboratory over more than three decades have already led to new drugs to treat blood cancer, and hold promise for more treatments for so many devastating diseases. Today, the results of his work are standard in biology classes and a solid foundation in biomedical research,"
The $500,000 award has been given annually since 2001 to those who have altered the course of medical research. It will be formally awarded on May 21 during a celebration at Albany Medical Center.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Tanglewood's Open Air Classroom programs immerse students in fun-filled, discovery-oriented, adventures in the outdoors. Our programs allow students to work cooperatively in group situations to develop life skills, a sense of community spirit and an awareness of their connection to the natural world.
Activities take place in small study groups of 8-12 students, each led by an experienced instructor. We challenge students with open-ended inquiry and critical-thinking situations that strengthen problem-solving skills. Our programs are based around 4-H Earth Connections, an experiential teaching methodology that addresses the needs of diverse learning styles, often effectively reaching students who find a traditional classroom atmosphere challenging.
Our programs are designed to be part the classroom curriculum, rather than an "extra." Every program is correlated to the State of Maine Learning Results and tailored to the curricular goals of each participating class. We are happy to provide teachers, parents, and administrators with an outline of the content covered and the standards addressed for specific programs.


text:
Whether you are decorating for an "under the sea" party or creating a goldfish-inspired bedroom for your child; creating lively goldfish paper lanterns is an easy and colorful way to spice up any room.
Method 1 of 2: Gather Your Supplies
1Purchase large, colorful paper lanterns. Many craft stores carry them, but also home stores stock large Japanese paper lanterns. Although almost always offered in white, look for lanterns in nautical/colorful hues such as blues, oranges and yellows.Ad
2Pick up matching colored cardstock and white and black felt. You will also need a hot glue gun to affix the cardstock and felt to the lantern. The white and black felt will be used to create the fish's bit round eyes and the cardstock will be cut out and attached as the tail.
3Pick up clear fishing wire if your paper lantern does not come equipped with a kit for hanging. Consider how you will hang the lanterns too and plan accordingly (for example, if you need a hook or nails to mount it to the ceiling).Ad
Method 2 of 2: Create Your Hanging Goldfish
1Measure the paper lantern to determine the fishtail size. You will want the tail to be in proportion to the size of the lantern.
2Create the goldfish tale by tracing a "wavy" heart shape on the cardstock to match the size of the lantern.
- Use the measurements to determine the overall tail size. You want the tail to be slightly smaller than the lantern and large enough that it shows but can stand on its own.
- Lightly sketch the shape with a pencil until you achieve the desired design. You may want to use the initial tail shape as a template so subsequent tails match.
- Cut out the shape and leave approximately 1" to 2" around the base. You will be attaching the tail to the lantern at the tail base so you will need extra room.
3Attach the tail to the lantern. You will want the tail to appear as though it was created with the lantern.
- Fold the extra paper along the base approximately 1/2". You will attach the tail to the lantern by gluing the fold to the lantern.
- Place several drops of hot glue along the fold and press firmly against the lantern. Hold in place for two to five minutes or until you are confident it has adhered.
4Create the fish's eyes. You will be making one large circle using the white felt and then creating a smaller half-moon circle with the black.
- Cut out a large circle to represent the white's of the fish's eyes. You can go a little larger for a "cartoon" goldfish effect.
- Cut out a half-moon circle (or half circle) to fit along the bottom of the white circle. The black represents the fish's actual eye.
- Glue the white circle 2/3 toward the top of the lantern using hot glue. Hold in place until it adheres.
- Glue the black circle on top of the white, along the bottom of the circle. Use several drops of glue in order to ensure the eye stays in place.
5Tie the fishing wire around the wire structure around the top and hang. This step depends on how you plan to hang the lantern and where. You can either tie the other end of the fishing wire to a lamp or hanging light in the room or you can make it more permanent and use a picture hanging kit to hang it.
We could really use your help!
- Create a goldfish family and purchase paper lanterns in a variety of sizes.


text:
Did you know that socks are the most ancient type of apparel humans still wear today? Long before anybody worried about color-coordinating with trousers or trainers, our Stone Age ancestors sported socks to protect their pads from pointy pebbles and other perils. Cave people used animal skins, ancient Greeks got creative with matted animal hair and Romans wrapped their peds in strips of leather or woven cloth. But after fashion progressed beyond the practical purpose of merely defending our tootsies, socks got elevated to a status symbol. In fact, during the Middle Ages, only nobility was allowed to wear certain types of socks (or 'hose' as they were called back in the day). London even had a Hose Police that made sure nobody wore socks above their station.
Another fun historical fact: men wore socks before women. In the 12th century, they became a staple in every nobleman's wardrobe. Usually knee-length, men's hose were often tied at the top with fancy embroidery. Over the next few centuries, the length varied from mid-calf to mid-thigh, and so did fashion, including bright colors, stripes and flashy decorations. Starting in the 16th century, knitting machines made socks more widely available, and the Industrial Revolution advanced production techniques even more.
The next major upgrade in socks didn't arrive until the invention of nylon in 1938. The strength and elasticity of synthetics was a big step forward for socks.
Today, socks need to do more that save our feet from chills and blisters: they must complement our ensemble. So what makes the perfect sock? Read on to find out.


text:
Gabon, flag ofArticle Free Pass
The French did not allow the development of national flags in their colonies, fearing the flags might become symbols around which separatists could rally. Therefore there were few such traditions in French Africa when autonomous governments were established in 1958 (the year of the new constitution of France). Whereas some countries did not adopt flags for more than a year, Gabon, one of the more progressive of the territories, quickly settled on a distinctive design.
Instead of the vertical stripes of the French Tricolor, which was adopted with appropriate changes in colours by many former colonies, Gabon chose horizontal stripes. However, these were not of equal width: the central yellow stripe was narrower than the green stripe at the top of the flag and the blue stripe at the bottom. Gabon also set itself apart from its neighbours in rejecting the pan-African green-yellow-red and in having the French Tricolor as a canton. None of the other autonomous republics expressed a similar link with the metropolitan country, although Togo, as a trust territory, had the Tricolor in its flag prior to independence.
Shortly before Gabon proclaimed independence from France, its national flag was modified, on August 9, 1960. The French Tricolor was dropped, and the central yellow stripe, symbolic of the Equator, which runs through Gabon, was widened to give it equality with the other stripes. The green stripe symbolizes the extensive forested area, which is one of the country's most important economic resources. The blue stripe is a reminder of the extensive coast along the South Atlantic Ocean.
What made you want to look up "Gabon, flag of"? Please share what surprised you most...


text: Interaction between simulated shipping and rooting temperature and harvest year was studied on Lilium longiflorum. Bulb dormancy and maturity appear to be separate phenomenon and are affected by temperature differently. Shoot emergence (an indicator of release from dormancy) was hastened by 10 °C shipping and 10 to 20 °C rooting temperatures in both years. Flower induction was affected differently by simulated shipping and rooting temperatures during 1992 and 1993, indicating that bulb maturity differed between the 2 years. Final leaf and flower number decreased because of shipping or rooting temperature, but only when bulbs were mature and received cool temperatures (<16 °C) before a 6-week vernalization treatment. Immature bulbs (at harvest) are unresponsive to vernalizing shipping and rooting temperatures. Prevernalization handling temperature and vernalization treatment length should vary with year based on degree of bulb maturity to achieve consistency in final morphology. Internode length is associated more with the time elongation is suppressed after dormancy is broken than with flower induction (where internode length increases as the length of time elongation is suppressed after breaking of dormancy increases).


text:
Create distributed search groups
You can group your search peers to facilitate searching on a subset of them. Groups of search peers are known as "distributed search groups." You specify distributed search groups in the
For example, say you have a set of search peers in New York and another set in San Francisco, and you want to perform searches across peers in just a single location. You can do this by creating two search groups, NYC and SF. You can then specify the search groups in searches.
Distributed search groups are particularly useful when configuring the monitoring console. See Monitoring Splunk Enterprise.
Configure distributed search groups
You define distributed search groups in
For example, to create the two search groups NYC and SF, create stanzas like these:
[distributedSearch] # This stanza lists the full set of search peers. servers = 192.168.1.1:8089, 192.168.1.2:8089, 220.127.116.11:8089, 18.104.22.168:8089, 22.214.171.124:8089 [distributedSearch:NYC] # This stanza lists the set of search peers in New York. default = false servers = 192.168.1.1:8089, 192.168.1.2:8089 [distributedSearch:SF] # This stanza lists the set of search peers in San Francisco. default = false servers = 126.96.36.199:8089, 188.8.131.52:8089, 184.108.40.206:8089
Note the following:
serversattribute lists groups of search peers by IP address and management port.
- The servers list for each search group must be a subset of the list in the general
- The group lists can overlap. For example, you can add a third group named "Primary_Indexers" that contains some peers from each location.
- If you set a group's
defaultattribute to "true," the peers in that group will be the ones queried when the search does not specify a search group. Otherwise, if you set all groups to "false," the full set of search peers in the
[distributedSearch]stanza will be queried when the search does not specify a search group.
Use distributed search groups
To use a search group in a search, specify the search group like this:
sourcetype=access_combined status=200 action=purchase splunk_server_group=NYC | stats count by product
This search runs against only the peers in the NYC location.
Distributed search groups and indexer clusters
This feature is not valid for indexer clustering, except for limited use cases in certain complex topologies.
In indexer clustering, the cluster replicates the data buckets arbitrarily across the set of search peers, or "cluster peer nodes". It then assigns one copy of each bucket to be the primary copy, which participates in searches. There is no guarantee that a specific peer or subset of peers will contain the primary bucket copies for a particular search. Therefore, if you put peers into distributed search groups and then run searches based on those groups, the searches might contain incomplete results.
For details of bucket replication in indexer clusters, see Buckets and indexer clusters in Managing Indexers and Clusters of Indexers.
These are some examples of indexer cluster deployments where distributed search groups might be of value:
- Multiple indexer clusters, where you need to identify the peer nodes for a specific cluster.
- Search heads that run searches across both an indexer cluster and standalone indexers. You might want to put the standalone indexers into their own group.
Manage distributed server names
Remove a search peer
This documentation applies to the following versions of Splunk® Enterprise: 6.5.7, 7.0.0, 7.0.1, 7.0.2, 7.0.3, 7.0.4, 7.0.5, 7.0.6, 7.0.7, 7.0.8, 7.0.9, 7.0.10, 7.0.11, 7.0.13, 7.1.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.5, 7.1.6, 7.1.7, 7.1.8, 7.1.9, 7.1.10, 7.2.0, 7.2.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.4, 7.2.5, 7.2.6, 7.2.7, 7.2.8, 7.2.9, 7.2.10, 7.3.0, 7.3.1, 7.3.2, 7.3.3, 7.3.4, 7.3.5, 7.3.6, 7.3.7, 7.3.8, 7.3.9, 8.0.0, 8.0.1, 8.0.2, 8.0.3, 8.0.4, 8.0.5, 8.0.6, 8.0.7, 8.0.8, 8.0.9, 8.0.10, 8.1.0, 8.1.1, 8.1.2, 8.1.3, 8.1.4, 8.1.5, 8.1.6, 8.1.7, 8.1.8, 8.1.9, 8.1.10, 8.1.11, 8.1.12, 8.2.0, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.2.3, 8.2.4, 8.2.5, 8.2.6, 8.2.7, 8.2.8, 8.2.9, 9.0.0, 9.0.1, 9.0.2


Social development
Social grants making an impact
7 April 2008
South Africa's social security system, a major monthly income source for over 12-million people, has been playing an increasingly important role in reducing poverty and inequality in the country since 2000, a survey by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) finds.
The latest five-yearly Income and Expenditure Survey (IES), released last month, also shows that between 2000 and 2005/06, black households' share of consumption expenditure rose from 42.9% to 44.3%, while white households' share fell from 44.1% to 42.9%.
However, Stats SA pointed out, the number white South Africans declined from 10.1% to 9.2% of the country's population over the same period, while the number of black South Africans increased from 78.3% to 79.4% of the population.
The survey found that black African households experienced increases in their share of expenditure in each category except for miscellaneous goods and services. The largest percentage point increase was in food and non-alcoholic beverages, furnishings, household equipment and maintenance and communication, including cellular phone purchases.
Income gap
The IES found that the gap between the rich and the poor remains a concern, with 10% of the population continuing to earn 50% of household income in the country, while the poorest 40% accounted for less than 7% of household income.
Inequality continues to remain high between population groups and within individual population groups, Stats SA said, adding that the country's Gini coefficient - a measure of inequality based on disposable income - was 0.72.
Stats SA's deputy director-general for economic statistics, Dr Rashad Cassim, explained the coefficient by saying that if everyone in South Africa earned the same amount of money, then the country's Gini coefficient would be zero.
Within individual groups the Gini coefficient was highest at 0.63 among black African households, with other population groups ranging between 0.56 and 0.59.
According to the survey, the government's social programmes were having a "significant impact" on addressing inequality: if state social security grants were not included in calculating the Gini coefficient, the whole country would be at 0.80 rather than the current 0.72.
The estimated annual gross income for all South African households in the 2005/06 survey was R929.2-billion, with the bulk of the amount being derived from work activities. Wages and salaries totalled some R559.9-billion or 64.4% of gross income.
Household expenditure
The IES also found that South Africans were spending close to 60% of total household expenditure on food, housing and transport. The survey noted a substantial reduction in expenditure on food in relation to total consumption from 2000 to 2005/06.
"The three largest components in the IES were housing, transport, food and non-alcoholic beverages," Cassim said. "The phenomenal increase in transport expenditure [which includes the purchase of motor vehicles] was more significant than we expected, but is in line with the growth in the economy over the last five years."
Analysis of household income and expenditure is based on the results of a survey conducted by Stats SA between September 2005 and August 2006, covering 24 000 households
Cassim noted that due to the nature of the survey questions, especially those regarding earnings derived from dividends and the amount of tax paid in relation to earnings, there could be discrepancies.
"Biases arose on the income side whenever respondents under-reported their earnings whether through forgetfulness or out of a misplaced concern that their reported data could fall into the hands of the taxation authority," he said.
Source: BuaNews
SA starts social grant clean-up, upgrade South Africa's social security system is having a significant impact on inequality in the country (Photo by Isabel Schoeman. Copyright South African Tourism)
Social development
Helping the media cover the South African story.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What's the major difference between new technologies and placing pagefile on a separate flash drive? It seems to me that new technologies are just wrappers. Am I wrong?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 0 down vote accepted
One can't ever put a pagefile on a flash drive! (What an idea.)
A pagefile can only exist on the system drive and is used for application code "overflow" when memory is full, as well as for the memory dump for a BSOD.
Readyboost is an old technology from the days when memory was costly, small and slow, intended to augment RAM memory with disk space. Do not use.
Superfetch is a technology to preload often-used applications into memory in order to speed their startup times, mostly for slow laptops.
Conclusion: They are not wrappers, but technologies meant to improve the performance of hardware-challenged computers.
share|improve this answer
A pagefile can be stored on another drive than the system drive (although it complains about memory dumps if you have no pagefile at all on the system drive). But it's right it should not be stored on a flash drive (if it even can), a flash drive is way too slow. – Snark Jan 11 '10 at 12:23
Your Answer


text:
I ran into this recently and thought I would document/pass on the observation:
If you set up a named Layout View, and then try to restore that Layout View when you are in Model Space of a Viewport, the program will automatically switch to Paper Space and restore the requested view, leaving you in Paper Space, without making any change to the drawing extents visible within the Viewport, even if the Viewport is unlocked. That is quite nice and the way it should be. Unfortunately, there is a potential problem.
If the Viewport in which you started had a drawing scale other than 1'-0" = 1'-0" (1:1), which is probably the case for most Viewports, and there is annotative content in that Viewport, the content does not have 1'-0" = 1'-0" (1:1) as an added scale and Annotation Visibility is set to show only the current scale, you may be surprised to find that the annotative content is no longer visible.
You can find the reason for this by unlocking the Viewport (if locked) and clicking on the Annotation Scale Synchronization button (located just to the right of the drawing scale control on the Drawing Window Status Bar when in Model Space of a Layout Viewport - or when in Paper Space and the Viewport is selected). Unfortunately, it is hard to tell the difference between when this button is active or inactive. Even more unfortunate is the fact that using this button to synchronize the viewport annotation scale and the viewport drawing scale means that the viewport drawing scale will be changed to the viewport annotation scale (which is why the Viewport needs to be unlocked for it to work when in Model Space; from Paper Space, the Viewport will rescale even if the Viewport is locked). You will find that the drawing scale changes to 1'-0" = 1'-0" (1:1), so it seems that when you asked ACA to restore the Layout View from Model Space on a Layout, before it switches to Paper Space, it applies the annotation scale of the Layout View (1:1) to the viewport - even if the Viewport is locked! That is why the annotative content disappears (or, should 1'-0" = 1'-0" (1:1) be an assigned scale, changes size).
Rather than selecting the Annotation Scale Synchronization button (unless you want to change the Viewport scale to 1:1), unlock the viewport (if locked) and then use the Viewport Scale control to reselect the same drawing scale. This will reset the annotation scale to match the Viewport scale and your annotative content should leap back into view (or resume the proper size).
An alternate solution (and another way to see that the annotation scale has been changed to 1'-0" = 1'-0" (1:1)) would be to select the Viewport while in Paper Space and on the Design tab of the Properties palette, under the Misc category, reset the Annotation scale property to the same scale as the Viewport scale. You will need to unlock the Viewport to do so, but you can do that with the Display locked property, which is conveniently located just above the Annotation scale property.
Or, you could just remember to switch to Paper Space before restoring the named Layout View, which avoids the problem altogether. That is easier said than done - even after I figured out why the annotation was disappearing, there have been times where I forget to change to Paper Space first. At least now I know why the annotation disappeared and what to do to restore it.


This subject is related to the Black Mesa Incident era.
This is a safe article. Click for more information.
Advanced Biological Research Lab
From Combine OverWiki, the original Half-Life wiki and Portal wiki
(Redirected from Alien Research Labs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Bio lab outside.jpg
Advanced Biological Research Lab
General information
Destroyed
200-, during the Black Mesa Incident
Location
Black Mesa Research Facility
Usage
Era(s)
Black Mesa Incident
Faction
Black Mesa
Game information
Map(s)
 - c2a4d
 - c2a4e
 - c2a4f
 - c2a4g
Designer(s)
"A scientist, thank God! Get us out of here before those military drones figure out where we're hiding!"
Scientist[src]
The Advanced Biological Research Lab, also known as the Alien Research Labs,[3] comprise an area in the Black Mesa Research Facility located near Sector G's Hydro-Electric Dam and partially above the Biological Waste Processing Plant. Controlled by the HECU during the Black Mesa Incident, it covers the Half-Life chapter Questionable Ethics.
Overview[edit]
The Advanced Biological Research Lab's ground floor features a large lobby that gives access, through a revolving door, to a road passing by the Hydro-Electric Dam and leading to freight hangars. It can be reached from the Biological Waste Processing Plant through a drain located in a small room where Houndeyes are being kept in captivity.
Spread on two levels, the ground floor features two Sterilization Chambers, rooms that disintegrate any biological form they contain with their Biological Sterilization System using electrical current, sealing themselves from the outside when operated. There can be seen cages used to confine Xen fauna, such as Headcrabs and Snarks. The ground floor also features a surgical unit that can apparently perform surgical operations on two beds at a time, several Alien Grunts kept alive in large tanks, and Headcrabs contained in glass cases.
The second floor is dedicated to testing the large High Power Laser, which is powered by multiple lasers diverted from different rooms. The Tau Cannon is found at this level.
Appearances[edit]
Half-Life[edit]
During his journey, Gordon Freeman arrives at the Advanced Biological Research Lab. In order to proceed further, he has to find a scientist to operate the retinal scanner located in the main lobby, though both HECU forces and the Xen creatures kept in the facility make this task difficult. Utilizing the lab equipment, such as the Biological Sterilization System, to defeat Headcrabs or HECU soldiers, powering up the large laser, taking use of the fact that the military and alien forces are busy fighting each other, and blocking the laser shield, so the beam penetrates the wall, he finds three scientists hiding from the grunts. One of them explains that their colleague Peters turned it on, but was likely killed by it. Freeman has then to turn it off so that a scientist can follow him to the main lobby. After leaving the facility, Gordon continues his journey to the Lambda Complex through the revolving door.
Opposing Force[edit]
As seen by Adrian Shephard later in the Black Mesa Incident, the road leading to the lab is obstructed by fallen rocks and Race X moss.
Behind the scenes[edit]
The concept of the Advanced Biological Research Lab evolved from the Alien Research Lab. While none of the level architecture was reused, the idea of Alien Grunts being stored in containment chambers survived into the final game.
The name of this area is given in one of several unused Announcement System lines, which can be found in the sentences file used for the speech system. Unused sign textures reveal that the facility was originally called the "High Security Research Labs" located in the Central Complex.
On the main lobby floor can be seen a logo featuring the Latin words "Superbus Via Inscientiæ", and a DNA double helix in the middle, designed by Karen Laur.[2] The best translation for that sentence would be "Proud by way of ignorance", although the phrasing is not common. Karen Laur allegedly shed some light on the phrase's origins, admitting in a post on a forum dedicated to the Latin language that she was irritated with the hubris of some co-workers and asked a linguist friend of hers for help with a translation. Due to the fact that he specialized in Germanic languages, the phrase ended up being rather incorrect. Having been informed by him that "Superbus Via Inscientiæ" could be translated as "arrogance through ignorance," she decided that it could be used in-game.[4]
The original design of the laser lab layout was different. There was to be a second set of stairs in the other side; it can be seen in the level plan. It was to lead to the hall with explosive crates, near the lab where the Alien Grunts are kept. Moreover, there was to be a security guard waiting in the booth of the first sterilizer chamber. He was to push the button and tell the player to get in the booth immediately.[5] The animations for this scene can be found in the SDK. The related quote sounds are still present in the game files. Another scene was to involve a Bullsquid jumping on a security guard, and both of them falling down (512 units in the level editor) to their death.[6] The height of the scene matches the room behind the destroyed wall in the laser room. It is possible that the destruction was to trigger this sequence.
The scientists mention their colleague Peters switched on the surgical unit, but never made it back. His body is never seen, but his remains can be found in the room. He actually appears in the game, but his body is destroyed by the machine on map load. His character model is randomly selected.
Gallery[edit]
Pre-release[edit]
Retail[edit]
Other[edit]
List of appearances[edit]
References[edit]
 1. Interview with Dario Casali on Voltron's Map Workshop (May 1, 2000) (archived)
 2. 2.0 2.1 Half-Life section on Karen Laur's official website
 3. Half-Life Prima Guide
 4. Superbus via inscientiae on LatinDiscussion forums (February 19, 2010)
 5. maps/c2a4d.bsp
 6. Half-Life SDK
Preceded by
Biological Waste Processing Plant
Half-Life story arc journey Succeeded by
Topside Hydro Plant


What is the exact time right now including seconds?
or by visiting worldtimebuddy.com. According to worldtimebuddy.com, the current time
right now including seconds is 11:03:57 PM on Tuesday, January 24, 2017 in New York, USA.
Assuming you're looking for a more in-depth answer, the current time right now
including seconds can be found by checking the time on your computer or phone. If
you're using a Windows computer, the current time including seconds can be found in
the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. If you're using a Mac, the current time
including seconds can be found in the top right-hand corner of your screen.
On an iPhone, the current time including seconds can be found by opening the Clock
app and looking at the World Clock tab. On an Android phone, the current time
including seconds can be found by opening the Clock app and tapping on the World Clock
icon.
No matter what device you're using, the current time right now including seconds can
also be found by doing a simple Google search. Simply type "What time is it?" or
"What is the time?" into the search bar and Google will display the current time
including seconds.
You can also find the current time by checking the clock on your computer or phone
In the United States, the current time is:
READ Huawei Speculated To Develop Its Own OS
The current time is: 12:53 PM
The current time zone is: Eastern Daylight Time (EDT)
In other time zones, the current time is:
11:53 AM in Central Daylight Time (CDT)
10:53 AM in Mountain Daylight Time (MDT)
9:53 AM in Pacific Daylight Time (PDT)
The current time in other parts of the world is:
5:53 PM in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
6:53 PM in Central European Time (CET)
7:53 PM in Eastern European Time (EET)
12:53 AM in Japan Standard Time (JST)
1:53 AM in Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST)
The current day is: Wednesday, August 8, 2017
The current time can also be found by looking at a clock on the wall or in a public place
In Vietnam, the current time can be found by looking at a clock on the wall or in a public place. The time is displayed in a 12-hour format, with the hour hand pointing to the hour and the minute hand pointing to the minute. For example, if it is currently 10:15am in Vietnam, the clock would read "10:15" (without the quotation marks).
You can also ask someone what the current time is
The current time can be found in many different ways
What clock has the exact time?


text:
QCF Level 3 Diploma in Health and Social Care
Emma- Louise O'Shea
Values in Care
Unit 331 Support the use of Medication in Social Care Settings.
Identify legislation that governs the use of medication in social care settings.
Also; Unit 616 1.1 Identify current legislation, guidelines, policies and protocols relevant to the administration of medication.
There are a few pieces of legislation that governs administering medication to people:
- The Medicines Act (1968) requires that the local pharmacist or dispensing doctor is responsible for supplying medication and that they can only do so on receipt of a prescription from a doctor
- The Misuse of Drugs Act (1971) controls dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs, designated as Controlled Drugs (CDs). The main purpose of this act is to prevent the misuse of Controlled Drugs.
- The Misuse of Drugs and the Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody)(Amendment) Regulations 2007 specifies about handling, record keeping and storage of controlled drugs safely and correctly
- The Safer Management of Controlled Drugs Regulations (2006) specifies how controlled drugs are stored, administered and disposed of. Controlled drugs must be kept in a controlled drug cabinet that complies with these regulations. Records must be made for all controlled drug transactions
- The Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) underpins regulations intended to reduce the risk posed by hazardous substances
- The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations (1999) requires employers to take all reasonable measures to protect their employees from potentially dangerous substances or materials that they may come into contact with while at work
- The Hazardous Waste Regulations (2005) defines household and industrial waste and includes medications that are no longer required. Basically, care homes with nursing must use a clinical waste company to dispose of their unwanted medicines....


text:
Why this book?
This amazing account of the Edwardian struggle for women's suffrage was published in 1911, in the thick of it. While doing research for Sally Heathcote Suffragette, I discovered a review of it in Votes for Women, the official paper of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). It weaves the stories of three fictional women into what were then very recent events in suffrage history, bringing them to life. The Sally in the title, like my Sally, is a maid-of-all-work A coincidence? Yes, but not really surprising. Domestic service was the most likely form of employment for a woman of no means before the First World War; Sally (from Sarah) was a common name then and it alliterates well with 'suffragette'.


Protocol
MLCustomModel
An interface that defines the behavior of a custom model.
Overview
Use the MLCustomModel protocol to define the behavior of a custom Core ML model.
Topics
Creating the Model
init(modelDescription: MLModelDescription, parameters: [String : Any])
Creates a custom model with the given description and parameters.
Required.
Making Predictions
func prediction(from: MLFeatureProvider, options: MLPredictionOptions) -> MLFeatureProvider
Predicts output values from the given input features.
Required.
func predictions(from: MLBatchProvider, options: MLPredictionOptions) -> MLBatchProvider
Predicts output values from the given batch of input features.
See Also
Customization
Integrating Custom Layers
Integrate custom neural network layers into your Core ML app.
Creating a Custom Layer
Make your own custom layer for Core ML models.
protocol MLCustomLayer
An interface that defines the behavior of a custom layer in your neural network model.
Beta Software
This documentation contains preliminary information about an API or technology in development. This information is subject to change, and software implemented according to this documentation should be tested with final operating system software.
Learn more about using Apple's beta software


text:
Article One: Name
- The name of this organization shall be "Groton Interfaith Council; hereafter it shall be referred to as the "GIC", "Interfaith Council" or the "Council."
Article Two: Mission & Vision
MISSION: The Groton Interfaith Council is an association of religious organizations and individual community members in Groton, Massachusetts. The mission of the Groton Interfaith Council is to foster understanding, respect, justice and peace among people of a variety of religious traditions through worship, fellowship, education, and service.
VISION: Inspired by our different faiths and our common values, we thus bind ourselves together in association for mutual enrichment and community service and agree to honor the differences among us in theology, polity, worship, and practice. Together we will seek ways to create more understanding and acceptance of people of diverse religions and cultures.
Article Three: Membership
- ELIGIBILITY:The Interfaith Council shall embrace all religious organizations and individual supporters in Groton, MA, that indicate their desire to be so associated.
- A Religious Organization is defined as a formally organized worshipping community.
- An individual supporter may be a member of a religious organization or independent of a religious organization.
- Existing members of the Groton Council of Churches will maintain their membership status in the GIC effective January 1, 2010
- MEMBERSHIP: An eligible religious organization or individual may become a member upon written request for membership, upon a meeting with the council to describe their mission, vision and values, how that matches the GIC Mission and Vision, and how they relate to people with different beliefs, and upon the approval of a two-thirds (2/3) majority of the representatives of the constituent members present and voting at any assembly meeting. In assuming membership in the GIC, members accept responsibility for supporting the Council's mission and vision.
- ACTIVE MEMBERSHIP: In order for members to maintain active membership status, members must attend at least one of every 6 quarterly assembly meetings and pay annual dues. Annual dues for religious organizations are $50 and dues for individual members are $10, due April 15th of every year.
- INACTIVE MEMBERSHIP: If a member does not pay annual dues and does not meet attendance requirements, the member automatically becomes inactive, meaning that the member cannot vote until membership is reactivated by paying annual dues and attending an assembly meeting.
- REPRESENTATION: Each member organization may be represented at assembly meetings by one leader and two delegates elected by its own constituency. Leader and delegates of active member religious organizations each receive one vote. Delegates shall serve a one (1) year term and may be re-elected. Active individual members are member for life and each receive one vote.
- WITHDRAWAL or TERMINATION:
- Any member organization may withdraw from membership in the Council by written notice.
- Full voting Membership is conditional on payment of annual dues by April 15th. In May, the Treasurer shall contact members whose dues have not been paid, and voting privileges shall be suspended on June 30th of that year for those members whose dues have not been paid.
- Mailings to and voting privileges may be terminated by the approval of a two-thirds (2/3) majority vote of the assembly at a quarterly meeting if the annual dues have not been paid and the individual member or delegate of the member organization has not attended any of the last six assembly meetings.
- Membership shall be terminated for actions contrary to the purposes of the GIC as stated in Article II of these By-Laws by the approval of a two-thirds (2/3) majority vote of the representatives present at an assembly meeting, provided written notice of such proposed action is given to member organization or individual member two (2) weeks prior to the date of the assembly.
Article Four: Governing Structure & Meetings
- ASSEMBLY:Consists of individual members and representatives from organizations (one leader and two delegates). The work of the assembly includes:
- Meeting regularly to plan and vote on policies and procedures, bylaw changes, and activities.
- Establishing and continuing committees and functions in accordance with the mission of the Council
- Electing the officers from among the representatives of the membership
- ASSEMBLY MEETING:Quarterly meetings are the foundation of the Interfaith Council's governing structure, and most of the decisions, activities, communication and work of the Council will take place during these meetings. The President, elected by the assembly, will serve as moderator of the Meetings.
- Elections will be held at the 1st quarter assembly meeting.
- COMMITTEE MEETING: Committees may be formed to form on special tasks and they are to meet separately from the assembly and report back to the assembly on any new business.
- Notice, Representation and Quorum:
- Notice of meetings will be given electronically or in writing to all member organizations and individual members thirty days prior to the scheduled meeting date. Notification of changes to meeting dates must be send electronically or in writing to all member organizations and individual members as soon as the change is made.
- A simple majority vote of the assembly present will decide all issues unless otherwise stated in these bylaws.
Article Five: Officers and The Executive Committee
- OFFICERS: The Officers of the Interfaith Council will be: President, Vice President, Scribe, and Treasurer elected annually by majority of members present at the 1st quarter assembly meeting. Officers will have one-year terms, but can reelected each year during elections at the 1st quarter assembly meeting.
- Roles and Responsibilities:
- Develops the agenda.
- Moderates meetings.
- Appoints members to and encourages committees and task forces.
- Communicates with the community, members and individual supporters
- Serves as the spokesperson for the Interfaith Council at community events.
- Represents the Council in correspondence and documents
- Vice President:
- Moderates meetings in absence of the President.
- Takes minutes of meetings.
- Sends out electronic, written and/or verbal announcements of meetings.
- Takes attendance and confirms quorums at meetings.
- Maintains active and inactive membership list with assistance of treasurer.
- Maintains historical records of meetings, including minutes and hand-outs
- Collects and records membership dues and report as requested.
- Works with scribe to maintain active and inactive membership lists.
- Records all collections and expenditures.
- Collects receipts and distribute funds as requested.
- Provides a financial report at every assembly meeting.
- Attend and vote at meetings.
- Participate as able and willing in Interfaith Council meetings and activities.
Article Six: Fiscal Year
- The Fiscal Year shall begin on January 1st and end on December 31st of the following year.
Article Seven: Amendments
- These bylaws may be amended by two-thirds vote of the governing body present at a Quarterly Meeting. All proposed amendments must be submitted in writing to all member organizations at least thirty days prior to the Quarterly Meeting.


Our Real Latin America Expert
1968 seems light years ago: a year of massive social and political upheavals all over the world, political assassinations, jungle print kaftans and the Beatles' White album. But some things never change, and the official visit of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip to Chile, as reported in a commentary rich in deferential clichés on Pathé News, seems in some ways timeless.
This visit, which took place exactly fifty years ago in November 1968, had an extraordinary impact on the Chilean people. Chile has long been a friend of the UK, which is fondly remembered for the participation of renegade former admiral Lord Cochrane in the country's war of independence. (Subsequent to the Queen's visit, Chile was accommodating to British troops during the Falklands/Malvinas war and Britain also offered asylum to a significant number of dissidents during the Pinochet era). The royal visit took place during a relatively stable period under the stewardship of Christian Democrat President Eduardo Frei, a couple of years before Salvador Allende was swept to power in a democratic election, subsequently to be toppled in a military coup by Augusto Pinochet.
queen at hotel antumalal pucon 1968
Photo: Archivo Casa Museo EFM
Hosted by President Frei, Queen Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh were welcomed by huge crowds wherever they went, driving through the capital in an open-topped car. They also visited the port of Valparaiso. Following this the royal couple travelled by air (in what really does look like a museum piece) to Pucón in the lake district. At the time, this now dynamic resort on the shores of Lake Villarrica was a small, unassuming town crouching in the shadow of the imperious snow-draped cone of the volcano also named Villarrica. Tourism was originally given a boost with the establishment of the first hotels in the 1920s and completion of regional roads, but only took off in a modest way in the 1930s. Nowadays, with a huge range of summertime adventure activities to choose from - hiking, river rafting, horse riding, bird watching, fishing and canyoning, it is a popular destination for visitors on all budgets. In winter and spring you can ski or snowboard on the slopes of the volcano or visit one of the thermal baths situated a stone throw's away in the Valdivian temperate rain forest.
antumalal trekking
The monarch was not tempted at the time to indulge in adrenaline-pumping activities but did stay at what is still one of Chile's most iconic hotels, Antumalal. It started life as a Czech-owned tea room on a rocky promontory on the lakeshore 2km from town, but eventually a visionary architect was commissioned to build a hotel on the site designed in the stark Bauhaus style of the 1940s and 50s. Its modernist construction stands in contrast to the Patagonian features of many other properties in the region, but it does have a regional focus: embracing artwork and furnishings which defer to the culture of the Mapuche Indians, indigenous to the lake district. The Queen's impending visit caused a bit of a stir; there are main anecdotes related locally: one being that the hotel management felt that Her Majesty could not be expected to sleep on a used mattress so a new one was shipped in – unfortunately on an open-backed truck, which resulted in its being soaked in the rain and had to be dried out over an open fire. It all went well however in the end and the Queen is on record for having commented that she found the property delightful.
With the panoramic views from the luxury guest rooms, the superb natural and ornamental gardens and now a spa, this property has attracted not only Queen Elizabeth but no end of dignitaries and celebrities including Neil Armstrong, James Stewart, Barry Goldwater and Emma Thompson. Why not add your name to the list of illustrious visitors?
Tailor-made holidays
Design my trip


text:
We integrate the flow of knowledge and resources across multiple political jurisdictions, policy spheres, sectors and bioregions.
We use integration to help draw attention to fair and green dimensions of sustainable food systems. Consideration is given to marginalized populations and regions, particularly remote Aboriginal communities, urban youth, and new immigrant populations in Canada, the US, and the EU. Food system explorations that can contribute to community resilience include traditional knowledge-based intiatives, urban agriculture, social enterprise and metraila dn knowledge flows in bioregions.
Existing work suggests a regional perspective helps to better understand how food systems function and can help dismantle barriers across jurisdictions, policies and sectors. FLEdGE is focused on maximizing community/regional capacity in economic, social and environmental terms.
As well, we facilitate robust knowledge building and dissemination to enhance collaboration and the co-creation of knowledge for practitioners, policy-makers and academics dealing with sustainable food system complexities.


» » Robo-Real: Board Game to PC Game
Robo-Real: Board Game to PC Game
posted in: Studio 0
Download Game: _URL_
In the beginning there was a plan: to develop one of "GAMES magazine's Top 100 board games for 1995" 8, Robo Rally, into a computer game. With this goal, several problems were revealed. Not only was there a need to justify programming an analog game into a digital format, but for the most part developing an equally entertaining game for only one player. As most board games make evident, "it takes two" 1 to tango. In order to produce a single player digital version of an analog multi-player game, it became necessary to investigate other digital adaptations of analog games. The emulation of board games into the digital world opens up new and exciting possibilities in the way of human interaction with games. Real-Time Robo-Rally© was thus designed to emulate and modify the board game Robo Rally so that it could be played by one person on a computer.
Real Time Robo Rally (RTRR) was designed as an adaptation of the original board game. As with every adaptation, RTRR faced practical logistic questions.
"Generally, you expect a classic board game adaptation to fall into one of two categories. Either it's so completely untrue to the original that you wonder why they named it after the game in the first place, or it's such a painstaking duplication that you might as well just break out the actual board game." 2
In order to escape these common results of board game adaptation, it was necessary to define the goals of RTRR. The objective of the original Robo Rally is to trigger the interaction of at least two players. The goal of the game is to reach a destination on a square matrix game board. There are obstacles such as lasers, holes, walls, and conveyer belts that provide an element of chance and risk. If the cards are played right, given the obstacles are overcome, one player will reach the destination first and win the game. The objective of the board game is, to instigate interactivity with other players who are all competing to arrive at the same goal. In the case of RTRR the objective is similar, in that the player is trying to get to a predefined location on a matrix, but the interaction is with a computer. The original board game objectives change because victory is gained as a result of a personal aspiration and there is only one competitor.
To develop a single player game, other digitally adopted single player games were examined. Most single player games developed in flash, such as Galactic Tennis 3, are based on hand eye coordination. The Microsoft Windows game Solitaire 4 was studied as it is a turn based strategic single player game. Solitaire uses both an element of chance, playing cards, and a single goal achieved by one player. Each move must be calculated based on the last move and the games' narrative is constructed 'on the fly'. Similarly, the narrative in RTRR is developed in a linear fashion and each move depends on the last move. "There is a lot of strategy in it, although it might not be obvious until you reach level 3." 5 The most entertaining factor then becomes the element of chance. The player does not know what card to expect and therefore is not able to predetermine the next move. The challenge is to use the limited selection of cards to move a player to a final destination. As such, solitaire was a model for the adaptation of Robo Rally into RTRR.
After considering the element of adaptation from the original game, the real question becomes; 'why make the game digital?' "This involves such questions as how the original work is changed to allow for interactivity and the completion of an objective..." 6 The answer is in the extensive window of opportunity to add new and relevant media elements. RTRR uses sound, animation, and music that is not available in the analog version. All of these components allow for a stage set that adds to interactive enjoyment of the game. The sounds used give the player a sense of space. The animations suggest a virtual course of action. The music sets a relaxed setting and an ambient atmosphere. All of these elements make relevant the addition of new media types in the adaptation of the original game. In the original game, each move is signified by an analog action of moving the game piece according to the card selected. In RTRR, an animation represents the movement of a playing piece. Therefore, the user is immersed in the character of the game piece. The audio cues and sounds that react to the player's clicks give a robotic-like feel to the character further developing a connection with the user and the playing piece.
 "You could do everything... you had your sound which you could modify and the graphics corresponded well with the user and the game... so the environment was totally connected and the player was connected to the environment." 7
This connection between the player and the game also makes it easy to develop other interactive elements.
An important interactive element RTRR has, that is obviously not available in the analog version, is the ability of the player to modify the environment. The game offers a pop-up menu that lists several ambient atmospheric music samples. The player can also turn the background audio off. This may seem like a small feature to the digital version but the implications are enormous. The user now has the power to select different mood settings and thus further interact with the game. It is through this interaction and the immersion of the player into the gaming interface that allows for a more enjoyable gaming experience.
The adaptation of Robo Rally into Real Time Robo Rally©, as with the adaptation of any board game into a video game, involved many questions. Why make the game digital; why change elements of the original game, and what does the new game offer in addition to the old game's structure? Analyzing other adaptations, understanding digital media and interaction provides some of the answers. The adaptation of board games into computer games provides the user with new and more involving experiences that challenge the gamer even further.
Works and Sources Sighted:
1. _URL_
2. Crowe, Greg. "Risk II." _URL_: Noble Order Press Enterprises Inc. 2000.
3. _URL_
4. Microsoft Windows. "Solitaire" (video game).
5. Eskandar, Remon. Usability Tester. March, 2003.
6. Wolf, Mark J. P. Genre and the Video Game. Texas: University of Texas Press, 2000.
7. Rauscher, Sarah. Usability Tester. March, 2003.
8. _URL_


text:
Madison Square North Named Historic District in 2001
Jun 21, 2021
This month Madison Square North marks its 20th anniversary as a designated historic district. To celebrate the June 26, 2001 classification by New York City's Landmarks Preservation Commission, the Flatiron Partnership will highlight here events that paved the way for this decision in the area extending from 25th to 29th Streets, between Madison and Sixth Avenues.
By 1895, however, large office buildings began to surface in the neighborhood, and this construction boom brought an increased "scale and intensity" to the area, noted the Landmarks Preservation Commission'sMadison Square North Historic Designation Reportissued in 2001. "Some of the earliest examples were the Baudouine Building (1896), Revillon Building (1896), Townsend Building (1897), St. James Building (1896-98) and Brunswick Building (1906-7)," indicated the report. "Ten or more stories tall, most were designed in the Classical Revival or Beaux-Arts style. Architectural firms and related businesses became the primary tenants."
Commercial building construction would continue to thrive in the community at the turn of the century. The LPC report noted that "the growing presence of financial institutions around 1900 coincides with the neighborhood's transformation from an area of late evening activities to one dominated by office workers." And with the 1910 debut of the Pennsylvania Station railway depot in nearby Midtown Manhattan, there would be greater access for companies from across the country to Madison Square North. The region was now becoming a much more desirable business destination with the added inclusion of loft buildings as part of its property portfolio.
"Targeted to mainly wholesale merchants, these slender twelve- to eighteen-story tall buildings featured separate freight lobbies, high ceilings, and large floor plates interrupted by a minimum of columns," wrote the LPC report about the neighborhood's loft-style structures. One notable skyscraper in the area was 261 Fifth Avenue (1928-29), located between 28th and 29th Streets. The LPC described the 26-story, Art Deco tower with "distinctive polychrome terra-cotta ornament and geometric brickwork" as one "built to house showrooms, offices, and lofts."
The property, however, became one of the last of its kind built during the community's high-rise development period. The nation was now entering the Great Depression, which limited the level of building construction from _PHONE_. By 1939, wrote The WPA Guide to New York City, Madison Square North had evolved into an environment where "factories and salesrooms of the toy, novelty, silk, woolen, and men's clothing industries and headquarters of benevolent and welfare organizations are scrambled throughout." It would take decades for Madison Square North to make a return to the real estate spotlight once again, albeit in an unexpected way.
A renewed interest in the neighborhood was launched, in part, by the early efforts of the newly- formed Landmarks Preservation Commission. Created in 1965, the municipal agency set out to help safeguard historically significant structures within the five boroughs. Soon, a number of Madison Square North properties and premises in the surrounding region began to receive LPC historic designation status. They included the Flatiron Building at 175 Fifth Avenue in 1966, Gilsey House at 1200 Broadway in 1979, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Tower at 5 Madison Avenue in 1989, and the New York Life Insurance Building at 51 Madison Avenue in 2000.
In addition to the building designations, a plan was introduced to name a portion of Madison Square North a historic district. The LPC proposed 10 blocks and 96 buildings in the neighborhood, which encompassed the area that extended from 25th to 29th Streets, between Madison and Sixth Avenues. "At first glance, it is a motley amalgam; not the kind of cohesive cityscape found in the nearby Ladies' Mile Historic District," according to The New York Times on July 15, 2001. And noted then LPC Chair Sherida E. Paulsen to the newspaper, "When I first came down here, I thought, 'It doesn't hang together.' But then I realized, 'My God, it's intact.'"
Attendees at the LPC district designation public hearing on May 29, 2001 included representatives for then New York City Councilmember Christine Quinn, New York State Senator Thomas K. Duane, and New York State Assemblyman Richard N. Gottfried, as well as organizations such as the Historic Districts Council, New York Landmarks Conservancy, and the 29th Street Neighborhood Association. There were 14 people who spoke in favor of the designation, while three property owners opposed their buildings to be part of the plan.
Then, nearly one month after the LPC public hearing, the proposed historic district designation in Madison Square North was approved by the agency on June 26, 2001. The LPC's findings report concluded that "on the basis of a careful consideration of the history, the architecture, and other features of this area, the Madison Square North Historic District contains buildings and other improvements which have a special character and a special historical and aesthetic interest and value and which represent one or more eras in the history of New York City and which cause this area, by reason of these factors, to a constitute a distinct section of the city."
Photo Credit: View of 26th Street looking east from LPC Report
LPC Chair Paulsen further explained to The New York Times on July 1, 2001, "What is so unique and interesting is that the buildings there are really intact, with the original historic fabric of materials, storefronts, walls and windows. It was wonderful to find that level of integrity in these great commercial buildings, just sitting there in the middle of the city." But, added New York State Senator Duane, who represented the vicinity in 2001, "We have to be vigilant so elements of the buildings are not destroyed even with the landmarking. This is a hot area right now."


text: A sunfleck is basically a bright spot or dapple of light. The term is frequently used in an ecological context to describe bright spots of light reaching the forest floor. They result from the random movement of tree leaves tossed about in a breeze on a sunny day. This has huge consequences for the plants living in the understory. Plants often acclimate to local light conditions by producing leaves adapted to full sun (curiously enough, called sun leaves) or to full shade (shade leaves). Imagine being a small plant growing quietly in the shadow of large trees. Suddenly a sunfleck arrives, bathing your shade leaves in brilliant light. What a jolt. Leaf temperature suddenly climbs, water rapidly evaporates from your leaf surfaces and photosynthesis rate goes way up. Then just as quickly, the light disappears. Back to normal, only to have the light return a few seconds later. No such thing as getting used to your environment, because it's always changing. The transient changes in biochemistry produced by sunflecks are fascinating and are the subject of ongoing scientific study. For example click here.


A Barrel of Colors and Null Outcomes

Suppose we have a virtually infinite number of marbles of 9 different colors in a large barrel, and 30% of the marbles are white. The rest of the colors are evenly distributed amongst the remaining marbles. What is the expected number of random draws from the barrel in order to have a 95% chance of acquiring at least one marble of each of the 8 non-white colors?

This is a variation of the "Collector's Problem", which asks how many items (e.g., baseball cards) we would need to collect (randomly) before getting at least one of each category (e.g., player). The only difference is that we're asking for the expected number of draws to achieve 95% confidence (rather than 100%), and also 30% of the trials are "wasted" by the white marbles. Let's first neglect the white marbles (i.e., assume there are none), and deal with the basic problem, and then later discuss how to account for a non-zero percentage of white marbles.

Let dm,k denote the expected fraction of the N colors for which we have drawn exactly m marbles after k draws. Obviously after 0 draws we have exactly 0 marbles for 100% of the colors, so d0,0 = 1 and dm,0 = 0 for all m > 0. Thereafter the expected values of dm,k are determined by the recurrence

where d−1,k is understood to be 0 for all k. The values of dm,k given by this recurrence can be expressed in closed form as

Since d−1,k = 0 for all k, it follows that the expected fraction of colors that have not been drawn after k draws satisfies the simple recurrence

and so we have

To have 95% confidence of leaving none of the N colors undrawn, we need the expected value of d0,k to be just 5% of 1/N. Thus, with N = 8 colors, the required value of k is

Now, one approximate way of accounting for the fact that there are actually 30% white marbles in the barrel (so that each time we draw a white marble we have basically just wasted a draw), would be to simply multiply the above result by 10/7, which would give the overall result of 54.296 draws. This means that if we define an experiment as drawing about 55 marbles, and if we perform this experiment 100 times, we would only fail to hit every non-white color on less than 5 of the 100 experiments.

However, the above method of accounting for the white marbles is at best an approximation, and it becomes increasingly inaccurate as the proportion of white marbles increases. As stated previously, if there were no white marbles, the expected fraction of (non-white) colors undrawn after k draws would be [1 − (1/N)]k, where N is the total number of non-white colors. The above method of accounting for the 30% white marbles was essentially to say that this k is only 7/10 of the true value, because 30% of our draws are "wasted" on white marbles. So, letting Q denote the fraction of non-white marbles, we solved the equation

for the exponent kQ and then multiplied by 1/Q to give k = 54.29. The problem with this approach is that the Q factor should really be applied to the transition rate 1/N rather than to the exponent k. In other words, the expected fraction of colors undrawn after k draws is really given by

Now it's clear how (1) can serve as an approximation for (2), because the binomial expansions of these expressions are

respectively. These differ only in the second (and higher) order terms, which are negligible if (1/N) is small enough. Of course, the difference also vanishes as Q goes to 1 (no white marbles).

Another subtlety is translating the expected value into a probability. If E{k} is the expected fraction of the N colors that have no representatives after k marbles have been drawn, then the expected number of undrawn colors is (N)E{k}. According to a Poisson process, the probability of exactly j colors being undrawn after k marbles have been drawn is therefore

so the probability of 0 undrawn colors after k draws is simply

Setting this to 0.95 (to give 95% probability of no undrawn colors), we can solve for k to give

With N = 8 and Q = 7/10 this gives k = 55.146, which is slightly higher than our earlier approximation of 54.296.

We can also consider the probability of any specified partition of m marbles into n different (equally likely) colors. For example, suppose we blindly draw 55 marbles from a barrel that contains a virtually infinite number of marbles of 11 different colors. Of those 55 marbles, what is the probability that 10 are one color, 9 are another color, 8 are another, 7 are another, and so on down to 0? I believe the answer is

(We might also consider the partition [0,1,2,..,n-1] of n(n-1)/2 marbles into n colors.) In general, suppose there are N equally likely colors and we blindly draw M marbles. These M marbles will be partitioned into S differently colored subsets as follows

In other words, if we arrange the drawn marbles according to color, then c1 is the number of singles, c2 is the number of doubles, and so on. The probability of this particular partition (without regard to which color corresponds to each subset) is

Most of this expression is simply the multinomial coefficient A3 (called M3 in Abramowitz & Stegun but denoted here by A3 to avoid confusion with our parameter M), so we can write the probability as

The solution of the classic "duplicate birthdays" problem is a very simple special case of this formula. To find the probability of no duplicate birthdays among M < 365 randomly chosen people, we want the partition of M consisting of all 1s. Thus, c1 = M = S and A3 = 1, so the above formula reduces to (365!)/[((365−M)!)(365M)].

Return to MathPages Main Menu


text:
San Francisco, CA
Adaptive Learning Platform to Improve Grammar and Writing Skills
NoRedInk is a web-based learning platform that helps students improve their grammar and writing skills. The platform incorporates each person's favorite celebrities, personal interests, and Facebook networks to generate grammar questions and enable teachers to give quizzes, assignments, and practice exercises to help students work through misconceptions.
CEO and FounderJeff Scheur
InvestmentSeed in 2012
SegmentFuture of Talent in PreK-12


Marketing Optimization With Closed-Loop Analytics | Mixpanel
Closed-Loop Analytics
Closed-loop analytics refers to data that comes from the sales team and is used by the marketing team. It tells the marketing team not only what brought leads to a website but also if leads converted to customers and what motivated them to buy.
The term closed-loop analytics is very descriptive. It reveals the path or process closed leads follow from the moment they land on your website as visitors to when they become a customer. Closed-loop analytics essentially closes the loop between marketing and sales data because all the information from start to finish is accessible on one platform.
Marketing and sales teams use the information from closed-loop analytics to boost conversion rates all around.
Gaining insight into how many leads are generated by a marketing campaign is the tip of the data iceberg. With closed-loop analytics, marketing teams can learn much more about the value of their campaigns and how to improve them.
Closed-loop analytics helps a marketing team:
 - Better understand which leads should be considered marketing qualified leads (MQLs).
 - Know exactly which marketing campaigns, channels, funnels and messages result in sales.
 - Understand how much the resulting sales are worth.
 - Figure out how much revenue is generated by each campaign.
In order for all this to be possible, the marketing team needs a way to access sales data, and unfortunately, that data isn't always readily available.
How does your product stack up to the competition?
Get the 2019 Product Benchmarks report to learn more.
Download Report
The Division Between Marketing Analytics and Sales Analytics
The general customer lifecycle goes something like this:
 - A visitor lands on your website
 - The visitor takes an action that moves them into the marketing qualified lead category
 - The sales team interacts with the MQL to convert them into a customer
As the lead moves through the customer lifecycle, there's a division between the marketing team and sales team. The marketing team uses an analytics tool like Google Analytics to gather data on the first two stages, including where the visitor comes from. However, in the third stage (MQL to customer) the sales team usually logs information in a CRM system.
Often these two tools/systems are completely separate and the data isn't aggregated. The data is disjointed, telling the marketing team about their leads but failing to provide follow-up on what becomes of those leads.
Bridging the gap with closed-loop analytics that shares the sales team data with the marketing team is highly beneficial to both groups. Understanding what happens after the sales team takes over allows the marketing team to target campaigns and deliver more MQLs.
Details for Optimization Deeper Down the Funnel
Much of the data marketing teams collect is at the beginning of the customer lifecycle. They can figure out how many users clicked a Google Ad or responded to a Facebook campaign, but that only gives you a look at part of the picture.
That front end information doesn't always tell you what users did once they got to a landing page. It doesn't tell you if your marketing campaigns attract highly qualified leads or a lot of traffic that doesn't continue down the sales funnel.
That's where closed-loop analytics come in. It fills in the gaps, telling the marketing team what visitors do deeper down the funnel. Knowing what steps these users take is extremely valuable for marketing teams. It can help marketers zero in on who the most highly qualified leads are and what motivates them to take action.
This information can be used to create marketing campaigns that target users who are more likely to become customers and direct them to the most appropriate part of the sales funnel.
Let's take a look at mock scenario to highlight how closed-loop analytics can be used by a marketing team:
Your marketing team is promoting a car air freshener system. A Google PPC campaign is created that promotes the low price and longevity as key benefit points. The campaign brings in 1,000 leads in the first week. That's what the marketing team can easily gather from their metrics.
They may also be able to tell 750 of those leads don't make it past the landing page, and only 25 leads made a purchase directly from the landing page.
Closed-loop analytics provides the answer to what happened with the other 225 leads. Fifty of the leads checked out the fragrance selection page. Half of those leads decided to buy the freshener system, and the majority selected either the pine fragrance or cherry fragrance.
The remaining 175 leads requested more information on the air freshener system. The sales team follows up with each lead. They discover the number one question that the leads have is whether the air freshener system will affect the use of their air conditioning system. After the leads are reassured it won't affect air conditioner use the sales team is able to convert 70% of the leads into customers.
Because closed-loop analytics is used, the marketing team is able to extract three main takeaways from the data collected by the sales team:
 1. The landing page needs to be edited to include messaging that the system does not affect air conditioner use.
 2. Images with the cherry and pine fragrance options should be added as well.
 3. Information about air conditioner compatibility should also be included on the fragrance selection page.
By analyzing data that's gathered further down the funnel the marketing team can improve the ad messaging and landing page to increase the conversion rate. Ultimately, the ROI of marketing campaigns goes up while the cost per acquisition goes down.
What's Needed for Closed-Loop Analytics
Closing the gap between the marketing team and sales team is actually a lot easier than expected. You can go the manual route and pull information from multiple systems to analyze data from campaign launch to conversion to customer acquisition. It's time-consuming, but it's possible.
The other option is to use software that can bring all the information together on one platform. Ideally, you want to implement audience-tracking software that can track individual user actions from the first visit all the way through purchasing. With Mixpanel analytics software this type of conversion tracking can be done by establishing Events and including Event Properties. Funnels are also useful for tracking the steps a lead takes to become a customer.
Software that tracks each individual is much more insightful than software that aggregates user information. This is one of the shortcomings of Google Analytics. Without the capability of tracking individual leads, it's difficult to determine the specific characteristics and behaviors of MQLs and the marketing tactics that attracted them in the first place. And without going one step further and bringing in the sales data for individual users, the marketing team can't determine which keywords, traffic sources, etc. generate leads that don't buy versus leads that do buy.
With closed-loop analytics reporting in place, the marketing team is no longer optimizing campaigns for traffic. They are creating marketing campaigns to optimize conversions and sales, which is far more beneficial for the business' bottomline.
Learn how to pick the metrics that matter for your business
Download the free Guide to Product Metrics today.
Get the Guide


Take the 2-minute tour ×
E.g. you have a file with 3 lines that are millions of characters long. What's the fastest/most efficient way to read the first N characters of line 2?
share|improve this question
Do you know how long line 1 is? – Ilya Kogan Apr 5 '11 at 6:53
"Millions of characters" (= dozens of megabytes) is not a lot by today's standard. When programming, concentrate on the algorithm and do not perform optimizations until the program works already and you have profiled the parts that actually need optimization. – Giovanni Funchal Apr 5 '11 at 11:19
add comment
5 Answers
Either you have some insight into where the line breaks might be...
 - lines are equally long so divide the file size by three and seek to that address
 - only one line's long but you're not sure which, so read a chunk from the start and end of the file and work out which line it is
...or you're completely in the dark and have to just scan your way along until you find the first newline:
 - use memory mapped I/O for fastest-possible scanning speed, AND
 - tell the operating system (if it lets you) that you're doing a sequential read so it doesn't flood its cache with the file data you're scanning past and won't need again (e.g. on Linux, use madvise() - _URL_ )
share|improve this answer
+1 for the cache hinting suggestion with madvise(). – Anders Abel Apr 5 '11 at 8:49
add comment
There is no good way to do it. The line ending is just another character combination that you will have to scan the file for. Some performance tuning can be done on how the file is read e.g. using memory mapping.
If the file isn't changing between reads, creating a separate index file containing the positions of the line breaks will save the scanning time the next time. If you have control over the file writing you can of course create an index (in a separate file, or in a header) when you write the file.
Joel has written a blog post on the subject.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Use ifstream::ignore().
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
using namespace std;
int main(int, char* []) {
 ifstream file("file.txt");
 // skip first line
 // print next N characters
 const int N = 15;
 char s[N];
 file.get(s, N);
 cout << s << "\n";
 return 0;
share|improve this answer
add comment
Right after reading all the characters of line 1?
Joking aside... how about matching your read size to the block size of the filesystem. You've still got to seek past that first line, but that's going to be the most efficient way to do it
If you knew the actual length of the first line, you could just seek past it without reading the data.
share|improve this answer
add comment
I think seek and then read char by char is good, if you know lower bound of your lines, seek to that bound then start to read upto the next line (for line 2 of 3 line file).
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer