Designing a 3D printed tool for medical use
From reverse engineering to iterative design
Jennifer Glauche
Playlists: '1c2' videos starting here / audio / related events
As part of a project to make medicine more accessible in disadvantaged communities, I am making usable 3D-printed copies of surgical tools. This talk will go through the process of turning an existing commercially available hemostat into a 3D-printable model. I will show how I started with a native 1:1 copy of the tool and went through several iterations to match the functional properties of the original. I'll show the problems with each iteration and how I went about solving them. In the end, I'll talk a bit about how these tools are going to be used and the impact they will have.


text:
How to Wash Shoes with Baking Soda and Keep them Odorless
The freshness of your shoes defines your attitude towards hygiene. Smelly shoes can embarrass you in your finest moments of life. Maintaining clean and dry shoes is always a rewarding virtue.
We think of baking soda as a regular ingredient in the kitchen. However, we must now appreciate its importance in cleaning shoes of most kinds. The unique characteristics of baking soda give your shoes some lasting freshness. Besides, baking soda lifts the aesthetic appeal of the shoes.
However, you must clean your running shoes or normal shoes the right way. For a truly perfect wash, you must follow the following guidelines:
The Cleaning Details
Assuming that you intend to clean one pair of shoes, you will need some cleaning items. Baking soda, some vinegar and a trough of water or a sink are enough to get you started.
You may want to wash the shoes outdoors in order to observe the results in broad daylight. Besides, the cleaning process can turn somewhat messy, which makes the outdoor setting convenient.
In fact, the washing can be much easier if you have an outdoor washing area with enough water supply. Here are some specifics of the items that you need:
- 1 cup of baking soda.
- 1 cup of vinegar for each of the shoes.
- A water tap or a bucket of water.
- A scrubbing brush.
- A drying rack.
7 Steps of How to Wash Your Shoes with Baking Soda
Fill each of the shoes with about one cup of baking soda. You may need to reduce the amount of baking soda if the shoes you intend to clean are relatively small in size. Ensure that the baking soda is pure and not some imitation of the actual compound.
Add 1 cup of authentic vinegar to each shoe. If the vinegar is real, you should notice some fizzing and bubbling immediately. It is recommended to verify the specifications on the vinegar container. This will help to show proof of authenticity.
Let the mixture remain in the shoes for about 15 minutes. The duration is sufficient to allow the baking soda to react effectively. The reaction loosens dirt and removes odor. You may let it settle for slightly longer if the shoes are very smelly.
After the 15 minutes, use your brush to scrub the inside and outside of your shoes. Ensure that you use moderate force to avoid tearing the shoes. Scrub each shoe for about 3 or 5 minutes for perfect results.
If the shoes have a removable insole and laces, remove them and wash them separately in the mixture. The removable parts should also soak in the mixture for the same duration. This will help to enhance the freshness of the shoes.
Remove the mixture from the shoes and rinse them thoroughly. It might be necessary to use more clean water to rinse the shoes for a second time. This will enhance the quality of results.
Place your shoes on the drying rack and allow them to dry completely. Ensure that the shoes are completely dry on the outside and the inside. Poorly dried shoes often emit an odor when worn prematurely. Polish the shoes after they dry. These seven steps should remove the bad odor from your shoes and enhance their visual appeal.
Why Washing your Shoes with Baking Soda Results in Meticulous Freshness
The unique chemical properties of baking soda make it ideal for washing shoes. First, baking soda is a unique salt with disinfectant properties. In chemical terms, baking soda is a compound that is composed of bicarbonate ions and sodium ions.
Besides, this compound has special qualities that enhance the absorption of odor and musty smell. You need it to restore the freshness of your shoes. Regular cleaning of shoes with baking soda results in lasting freshness. Here are some of the advantages of using baking soda to clean your shoes:
Advantages of Using Baking Soda to Wash your Shoes:
- Baking soda absorbs musty smells and odor.
- This special salt is an effective fungicide.
- It is ideal for disinfecting your shoes.
- Converts oils, fats, and grease into the soapy foam.
- Baking soda neutralizes acid spills on your shoes.
- Works effectively against surface rust.
- Removes heavy coffee and tea stains on shoes.
Using baking soda in the proper way helps to restore the freshness of your shoes. Shoes develop odor because of various reasons. Insufficient air circulation and wetness are some of the reasons.
Wearing them for a long time also makes them stuffy. Baking soda can be used for general maintenance of your shoes. This special compound absorbs bad smells, removes stains and cleans rust. Baking soda can also be used to make wet and dry deodorant for your shoes.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: Tony is a Research Fellow at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). He recently finished his PhD at University College London on the impacts of land degradation and climate change on cereal production. Prior to his PhD, he obtained a degree in geography and water management and worked in research on the sustainability of water use in irrigated maize production in the USA. His current research at LSHTM focuses on the links between agriculture, environmental sustainability, and healthy diets. Among other activities, he is involved in the FACE-Africa project, which aims to provide country-specific information on climate change adaptation strategies in West Africa and to ensure sufficient food supply for their populations today and in the future.


Measurements of the heat transfer by natural convection across vertical and inclined air layers are reported. The air layer is bounded by two parallel isothermal flat plates and around the edges by a low thermal conductivity wall of thickness B. A critical wall thickness Bc was determined by solving the two-dimensional conduction equation in the bounding wall region: for B>Bc the convective heat transfer should be insensitive to B. Measurements are reported for air layers with B>Bc and an aspect ratio of 5. They cover a range in Rayleigh number from 103 to 108, and a range in orientation from horizontal to vertical. The effect of the emissivity of the bounding wall on the heat transfer across the air layer was evaluated from measurements obtained respectively with a low and a high value of the wall emissivity. The paper proposes terminology required to define the thermal conditions, and discusses the impact of these boundary conditions on the total heat transfer.
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That means you've got 10 over 2 comparisons (45). That is a big number.
 Also, you are having a time effect here, why not use it in some way ?
 For example, why not only look at 3 time points (start, middle, finish) and make the post hoc comparison on them?
 This post hoc might offer more easily interpretable results.
 A better yet solution would be to go further and see if you can use some mixed models on your data.
 Then, what you are looking to check is if you are having a significant slope for the trend line.
 Although I haven't yet wrote about these methods (and I also don't know how your data is behaving and how legitimate it is to use mixed models on it).
 Consider also giving a look to what I wrote here:
 _URL_
 But if my earlier tip (of just using less data points – to allow interpretation), is not enough for you – then I suggest you try and find some professional help to look at your data and see if mixed models can work on it or not. (Or just learn it by yourself, but it might take some time 🙂 )
 Regarding the visualization, it is very straight forward.
 This tutorial:
 _URL_
 Shows how to do it with lattice. You might also want to try ggplot2 for that (both have some learning curve, but offer good results).
 Good luck,
 Tal
 10. Hi Tal,
 Thanks a lot for all your helpfull information.
 I have used your code for R to perform a post hoc in a Friedman test. I would like to know how can I cite your code in a journal.
 Thanks,
 Luis
 1. Hello LuisM,
 Thank you very much for offering me the honor of being cited.
 Due to my lack of experience, I might be missing on how this should be done, but here is how you might do it:
 The analysis was done using R:
 @Manual{,
 title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical
 Computing},
 author = {{R Development Core Team}},
 organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
 address = {Vienna, Austria},
 year = 2010,
 note = {{ISBN} 3-900051-07-0},
 url = {_URL_}
 }
 With the "coin" and "multcomp" packages.
 Performing the post-hoc tests of:
 Wilcoxon-Nemenyi-McDonald-Thompson test
 Hollander & Wolfe (1999), page 295
 Using the code of "Tal Galili", published on r-statistics.com (_URL_
 11. Hi Tal,
 I can't wait to successfully use the code you have worked out and so kindly shared with us ALL.
 To start. i've plugged in the following
 friedman.test.with.post.hoc <- function(formu, data, to.print.friedman = T, to.post.hoc.if.signif = T, to.plot.parallel = T, to.plot.boxplot = T, signif.P = .05, color.blocks.in.cor.plot = T, jitter.Y.in.cor.plot =F)
 I receive a + symbol. Is this correct? I've been working at trying to get my data into your code for 2 days, but am new to R and am struggling.
 I have updated the coin, multcomp, and colorspace with success. Does this need to be done in a specific order or each time I reopen R?
 I have 3 columns of data. Id = turtle name (block), temperature (factor)…collected stomach temperature from 7 turtles) and time (group)…want to see if there is a difference in stomach temperature for 4 time periods (dawn, day, dusk, night). I do not have 0s or blanks in my data set and found a sig. difference for Friedman.test in R.
 any advice would be greatly appreciated!!!
 12. Hi,
 Great that such a script is available, really appreciate it.
 Doesn't seem to work on all data though. For e.g., I have ordinal data ranging from 1-3 in groups = 15, and blocks = 7.
 R produces this error:
 Error in data[, X.name] : incorrect number of dimensions
 The ordinary friedman.test gives me:
 Friedman chi-squared = 50.127, df = 14, p-value = 5.814e-06
 So in principle your script should also work. But I am at a loss to explain why it does not. Will keep trying though.
 Thanks again!
 1. To those that read my comment, please just ignore it: the error was entirely down to my own lack of experience with R and attempting to name a variable 'data'. The script works perfectly!
 13. Hi Tal
 Congratulation for your blog, it is very helpful and at very good level. My questions is due my lack of knowledge in statistic, and unfortunately not related with R. Altough, I will appreciate you advices. Can I perform a repeated measures ANOVA on ranks (Friedman's test), if i have some missing values (different n values) in some of the treatments?
 Thanks
 14. Hi tal
 Its very nice information.
 Can you analyse my data for Posthoc LSD? what is the meaning of letters a, ab, or ac on chart? on which basis this letters are mentioned on the chart?
 1. Hello
 Purushottam ,
 The letters simply indicate to you which of the groups are found distinct from one another.
 So if you have the groups one, two , three. And they are found in post hoc to be:
 a one
 ab two
 b three
 That means that one is different from three, but that we can' distinguish between one and two, or two from three.
 I hope this helps.
 Best,
 Tal
 15. Hi Tal,
 excellent blog/post.
 Nice design, good writing style, elucidating content, generous code sharing and respectful citation of sources… that's how it should be. Congratulations.
 I am looking for a non-parametric two-way test and I thought Friedman would do the job, while you are stating that it is a one-way test.
 It looks like your answer to Pat seems to point in the right direction. I will give it a try.
 I do really wonder why there is no friedman.test() in vanilla R.
 Tanks a lot and keep up the good work,
 Reinhard
 16. Hi there
 Question about your test statistic. I'm getting really different p-values running a Friedman's Test in SAS vs. the friedman.test function in R. I know that SAS is using the somewhat updated (as of Iman and Davenport 1980) version of the test statistic, as presented in 2nd and 3rd editions of Conover. The R help does not cite a formula, but does cite an older text (1973). So I'm wondering if the function in R is using the old test statistic? You appear to use a newer version of the same Hollander and Wolfe text, but when I use your code I get a p-value more similar to that provided by the friedman.test function. But not exactly the same. Any insight on (a) what test statistic is being used in R, and why your test and the friedman.test function are not identical for the global test? Thanks very much!
 R
 1. Okay, so cancel the bit about SAS vs. R. I'm getting the same results now. But I would still love to know why your p-values are slightly different from the friedman.test function (what is the maxT method?), and especially why I'm seeing two very slightly different p-values associated with the same maxT statistic (one before and one after the multiple comparisons). Anyway. Sorry for the previous post, which was mostly wrong!
 1. No.
 'Tukey' simply corresponds to the particular set of contrasts that represents all pairwise comparisons of the groups. So, for three groups (A, B and C) you'd want the contrasts representing B vs A, C vs A and C vs B.
 17. Hi~
 Your code is so charming!but I got some trouble with it…I have an data frame like this S T TD
 1 0.00 1 D1
 2 0.00 1 D2
 3 0.00 1 D3
 4 0.70 1 D4
 5 0.74 1 D5
 6 0.63 1 D6
 7 0.61 1 D7
 8 0.56 1 D8
 9 0.54 1 D9
 10 0.60 1 D10
 11 0.00 2 D1
 12 0.68 2 D2
 13 0.57 2 D3
 14 0.56 2 D4
 15 0.56 2 D5
 16 0.48 2 D6
 17 0.57 2 D7
 18 0.58 2 D8
 19 0.56 2 D9
 20 0.56 2 D10
 21 0.00 3 D1
 22 0.76 3 D2
 23 0.68 3 D3
 24 0.70 3 D4
 25 0.59 3 D5
 26 0.57 3 D6
 27 0.62 3 D7
 28 0.50 3 D8
 29 0.59 3 D9
 30 0.00 3 D10
 31 0.00 4 D1
 32 0.76 4 D2
 33 0.70 4 D3
 34 0.73 4 D4
 35 0.68 4 D5
 36 0.66 4 D6
 37 0.80 4


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Master Drummers of Burundi
The Master Drummers of Burundi are a group of traditional Burundi musicians and dancers, who perform complex percussive music. Their performances are a part of ceremonies such as the coronation of a new king. Their drums are sacred, and represent fertility and regenation, and include large ingoma drums made from hollowed tree trunks, the central inkiranya drum which is followed by the amashako and ibishikiso drums.
Beginning in the 1960s, the Master Drummers have toured the world, appearing on Joni Mitchell's The Hissing of Summer Lawns (1975) and inspiring the first WOMAD festival in 1982, which shaped the burgeoning world music genre.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


/questions/_PHONE_/how-to-get-the-latest-record-among-3-different-table-in-mysql/_PHONE_#_PHONE_
I didn't see an element with id _PHONE_ but it still works,how?
share|improve this question
4 Answers
That is referring to an answer rather than a question. The first number in the URL is the question number. The name of the question can change if someone with authority (permission) edits the title, so I suspect that the value in the permalink is immaterial.
Indeed, some playing with permalinks shows that the text portion is effectively ignored; you can reduce it to a single character, or remove all the characters, or remove the slash too. Thus, all these get to this answer:
The first of the two numbers separated by the '#' (hash) symbol is the answer number - as part of the URL, it instructs Stack Overflow to load the page with that answer on it (only really meaningful for questions with multiple pages of answers, but a link wouldn't be very permanent if it broke once too many answers were posted).
The number after the hash (the URL "fragment") is also the answer number - but this time it instructs the browser to scroll that answer into view once the page has loaded.
Oh, and you're right - there's no element with an id set to the answer number; it's an honest-to-goodness anchor!

(Thanks to @shog9 for some previous additional information - the last couple of paragraphs, roughly.)
share|improve this answer
Can you explain what  exactly means?I've never seen the name attribute to work in the DOM other than posting values. – Shore Oct 4 '09 at 8:06
@unknown: see _URL_-html40/struct/links.html#h-12.2.1 – Shog9 Oct 4 '09 at 8:10
Oh,I've never known about this before! – Shore Oct 4 '09 at 8:20
But this still doesn't explain why _PHONE_#_PHONE_ is neccesary,which is my third comment to Jeff Atwood. – Shore Oct 4 '09 at 9:55
1
@Shore - Actually it does - Step 1) The request returns the question with the page selected for that answer (specified by /_PHONE_ - this doesn't happen if you leave this portion of the URL out), Step 2) The browser loads the page, and moves to the anchor specified by #_PHONE_ - no need for any JavaScript to perform this action (which would be required if you left off the hash portion of the URL) – gnarf Oct 4 '09 at 11:33
1
@shog9 - thanks for the assist. I suspect you should be getting more of the credit than me. :D – Jonathan Leffler Oct 4 '09 at 19:47
hint: one of these things can be seen by the server and the client browser, while the other can only be seen by the client browser.
share|improve this answer
I think you used url rewrite,can you tell me what's the url after rewriting? – Shore Oct 4 '09 at 8:11
Is it something like /questions?id=1#3212? – Shore Oct 4 '09 at 8:18
1
But I don't see the reason to twice the number like /_PHONE_#_PHONE_,isn't /_PHONE_ enough? – Shore Oct 4 '09 at 8:19
3
#_PHONE_ directs browsers (even with JavaScript disabled) to scroll down to the named anchor point in the document. – gnarf Oct 4 '09 at 11:34
1
What gnarf said, with the addition that this information is not passed to the server, and so it is necessary to include that tag a second time so the server knows which answer you're talking about. – Joel Coehoorn Oct 4 '09 at 20:05
@ Joel Coehoorn,if I can check a comment as the answer,I'll do it on you! – Shore Oct 6 '09 at 17:50
The old way for bookmarks to work was with a named hyperlink, and this is the method that SOFU uses, for example:

share|improve this answer
Named anchors ( tags) are a way to link to specific parts of a page..
Say you have a long page, and in the middle, the following HTML:

When you navigate to _URL_ the browser will jump to where the above HTML is.
Simply put, the #_PHONE_ makes the browser scroll the appropriate answer, rather than the top of the page (as a normal link would)
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Girth (graph theory)
related topics
{math, number, function}
{@card@, make, design}
{village, small, smallsup}
In graph theory, the girth of a graph is the length of a shortest cycle contained in the graph.[1] If the graph does not contain any cycles (i.e. it's an acyclic graph), its girth is defined to be infinity.[2] For example, a 4-cycle (square) has girth 4. A grid has girth 4 as well, and a triangular mesh has girth 3. A graph with girth four or more is triangle-free.
Contents
Cages
A cubic graph (all vertices have degree three) of girth g that is as small as possible is known as a g-cage (or as a (3,g)-cage). The Petersen graph is the unique 5-cage (it is the smallest cubic graph of girth 5), the Heawood graph is the unique 6-cage, the McGee graph is the unique 7-cage and the Tutte eight cage is the unique 8-cage.[3] There may exist multiple cages for a given girth. For instance there are three nonisomorphic 10-cages, each with 70 vertices : the Balaban 10-cage, the Harries graph and the Harries-Wong graph.
The Petersen graph has a girth of 5
The Heawood graph has a girth of 6
The McGee graph has a girth of 7
The Tutte–Coxeter graph (Tutte eight cage) has a girth of 8
Girth and graph coloring
For any positive integers g and χ, there exists a graph with girth at least g and chromatic number at least χ; for instance, the Grötzsch graph is triangle-free and has chromatic number 4, and repeating the Mycielskian construction used to form the Grötzsch graph produces triangle-free graphs of arbitrarily large chromatic number. Paul Erdős was the first to prove the general result, using the probabilistic method.[4] More precisely, he showed that a random graph on n vertices, formed by choosing independently whether to include each edge with probability n(1 − g)/g, has, with probability tending to 1 as n goes to infinity, at most n/2 cycles of length g or less, but has no independent set of size n/2k. Therefore, removing one vertex from each short cycle leaves a smaller graph with girth greater than g, in which each color class of a coloring must be small and which therefore requires at least k colors in any coloring.
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text:
California Water Resources Development.
ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT LOS ANGELES CA
Pagination or Media Count:
This report provides information on accomplishments of the Corps of Engineers and on the scope and progress of current programs. It contains information on the role of the Corps in planning, constructing, and operating water resources development projects on general investigation studies on projects that are completed, under construction or in the planning stage and on Corps of Engineers authorities for participating in water resources development. Data on investigations and projects are grouped by hydrographic areas of California, which have been selected on the basis of major drainage patterns.
- Civil Engineering


Equations of motion Articles on aviation - Aerospace Engineering
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Equations of motion
By Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia,
In physics, equations of motion are equations that describe the behavior of a system (e.g., the motion of a particle under an influence of a force) as a function of time. Sometimes the term refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
The equations that apply to bodies moving linearly (that is, one dimension) with uniform acceleration are presented below. They are often referred to as "UVAST", "SUVAT", "VUSAT", "VUATS" or "UVATS" equations, as the 5 variables they involve are often represented by those letters (s = displacement, u = initial velocity, v = final velocity, a = acceleration, t = time).
Equations of uniformly accelerated linear motion
The body is considered between two instants in time: one "initial" point and one "current". Often, problems in kinematics deal with more than two instants, and several applications of the equations are required. If a is constant, a differential, a dt, may be integrated over an interval from 0 to Δt (Δt = tti), to obtain a linear relationship for velocity. Integration of the velocity yields a quadratic relationship for position at the end of the interval.
Note that each of the equations contains four of the five variables. Thus, in this situation it is sufficient to know three out of the five variables to calculate the remaining two.
Classic version
The above equations are often written in the following form:
& v&& = u+at\qquad & \text{(1)} \\
& s&& = \tfrac12(u+v)t\qquad & \text{(2)} \\
& s&& = ut + \tfrac12 at^2 \qquad & \text{(3)} \\
& v^2 && = u^2 + 2as\qquad & \text{(4)} \\
& s&& = vt - \tfrac12 at^2 \qquad & \text{(5)}
By substituting (1) into (2), we can get (3), (4) and (5)
s = the distance between initial and final positions (displacement) (sometimes denoted R or x)
u = the initial velocity (speed in a given direction)
v = the final velocity
a = the constant acceleration
t = the time taken to move from the initial state to the final state
Many examples in kinematics involve projectiles, for example a ball thrown upwards into the air.
Given initial speed u, one can calculate how high the ball will travel before it begins to fall.
The acceleration is local acceleration of gravity g. At this point one must remember that while these quantities appear to be scalars, the direction of displacement, speed and acceleration is important. They could in fact be considered as uni-directional vectors. Choosing s to measure up from the ground, the acceleration a must be in fact −g, since the force of gravity acts downwards and therefore also the acceleration on the ball due to it.
At the highest point, the ball will be at rest: therefore v = 0. Using the 4th equation, we have:
s= \frac{v^2 - u^2}{-2g}.
Substituting and cancelling minus signs gives:
s = \frac{u^2}{2g}.
More complex versions of these equations can include a quantity Δs for the variation on displacement (ss0), s0 for the initial position of the body, and v0 for u for consistency.
v = v_0 + at \,
s = s_0 + \tfrac{1}{2} (v_0 + v)t \,
s = s_0 + v_0 t + \tfrac{1}{2} at^2 \,
v^2 = v_0^2 + 2a\Delta s \,
s = s_0 + vt - \tfrac{1}{2} at^2 \,
However a suitable choice of origin for the one-dimensional axis on which the body moves makes these more complex versions unnecessary.
Equations of circular motion
The analogues of the above equations can be written for rotation:
\omega=\omega_0+\alpha t\,
\phi=\omega_0t+\tfrac12\alpha t^2\,
\phi=\omega t-\tfrac12\alpha t^2\,
α is the angular acceleration
ω is the angular velocity
φ is the angular displacement
ω0 is the initial angular velocity.
Motion equation 1
By definition of acceleration,
a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}\quad\Rightarrow\quad\ a = \frac{v - u}{t}
at = v - u \,
v = u + at \,
Motion equation 2
By definition,
 \mathrm{ average\ velocity } = \frac{s}{t}
 \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) = \frac{s}{t}
Motion equation 3
t = \frac{v - u}{a}
Using Motion Equation 2, replace t with above
s = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} (u + v) ( \frac{v - u}{a} )
2as = (u + v)(v - u) \,
2as = v^2 - u^2 \,
v^2 = u^2 + 2as \,
Motion equation 4
Using Motion Equation 1 to replace u in Motion Equation 3 gives
s = vt - \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} at^2
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Glypher Data
GlyphViewer application enables a user to create translations from text in images, text available in different type of languages:
 - Modern languages that can be easily recognized by the OCR engine, such as English, Chinese etc... All you will need to do is to select an area, recognize the text and a translation containing that language will be created. You will be able to edit it to add additional translations in other languages.
 - Ancient languages such as Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic. For these kind of languages the OCR engine might not be that successful, but it will enable you to recognize glyphs in order to group them into words and finally build your translation. Basically this process is structured into 3 parts:
 1. Discover glyphs
 2. Group glyphs into words
 3. Use the found words to create translations
The user will have to use the dialog forms functionality on the right side to apply the above steps. Let's take a quick look on how the application looks with all forms opened:
Gliffy Diagram
At any time you can filter the items shown on the image by using the Image menu to select/deselect any display option in order to show/hide the elements such as glyphs, words or translations. Hiding them will not cause them to be deleted, you can show them later at any time by clicking on their menu option.
Recognizing glyphs
The first thing you need to do after you added your image to the project is to start to generate glyphs.
Glyphs are basically characters that form a language. For a Latin language they would be letters, numbers. For Ancient languages, such as HieroGlyphs, they are signs in the image such as a bird, hand and so on.
In GlyphViewer application glyphs are identified by an area in the image (rectangular, polygon), and they can have one or more symbols, associated from different languages with a degree of confidence.
A glyph may have more than one symbol because you may not be sure of which one is correct (for example for incomplete or unreadable glyphs in ancient scrolls).
You have the ability to either manually identify glyphs or use an OCR (optical character recognition) method to allow GlyphViewer to identify them for you.
OCR accuracy greatly depends on the image's resolution and how the character distinguishes from the background image. So if you will be using this method always check your results.
The easiest way to start building glyphs in your image is to use the Identify Ancient Hieroglyphs option from the Translation Builder menu, or use the buttons on the upper right side. You will need to open 2 dialog forms on the right as seen in the image:
 - Language dialog will allow you to automatically recognize glyphs using an OCR technology. All you need to do is select a language you believe the glyphs belong to in 3 then click on the Select Area button. To select the region to recognize glyphs, after clicking the Select button drag a rectangular area in your image, the same way you would do to select a region in a paint editor. The region will appear like the one at 11. You can resize it by selecting the borders of the area or move it by dragging it with your mouse across the image. Once you have selected the area containing the glyphs, select the language you believe the glyphs belong to, also from 3, then click Recognize at 4. If glyphs are identified they will appear on your image with surrounded by a bounding box filled with a color based on the confidence level of the identified symbols. If you chose a modern language, such as English, an English translation text will be automatically build and you will be able to edit it.
 - Glyph Builder dialog will allow you to manually identify a glyph in the image. You will probably want to use it if OCR fails. First at 1 select from the combo box the area to use to create a bounding area around your glyph. You can use either a rectangular area, Rectangle, or define a polygon using Polygon. After you have chosen the preferred select mode click on the Start Select button also at 1. Then go to the image where the glyph is located and:
 - if you chose Rectangle just click on the image then while holding the left mouse button drag to see the corresponding rectangular are forming. When you are done release the mouse left button.
 - if you chose Polygon you will have to click on the image with your mouse to add points to your polygon. You will notice that when you move your mouse that the polygon is being drawn, left click to add a point to it. When you are done double click with your left mouse button to commit the polygon.
 When you finished creating a bounding area around your glyph click on the Add Glyph button at 2. This will add the glyph to the image, but it will not add any symbols for your glyph. You will notice that the glyph is drawn with a gray area because of this. You will have to manually add symbols to your glyph by editing the glyph area.
Depending on the confidence value of a symbol associated with a glyph, GlyphViewer will use different colors for drawing the bounding box in the image view. As you can see in 8 the glyph has a high confidence value and is shown in green. Near it you can see a glyph with a low confidence value in a gray bounding box. At any time you can remove a glyph and all it's symbols by clicking on its bounding box as in 8 the clicking on the Remove button in 2. You can also edit the glyph's value by clicking on it's bounding box. More information about this can be found in Glyph View.
 Discovering words
After discovering some glyphs in the image, either manual or through an OCR engine, and associated some symbols to those glyphs, it's time to start to convert them into words. This is a paid feature of GlyphViewer application, though you will be able to create 30 words if you create a account. More information about this can be found at 1. Becoming a glypher.
In any case now it's time to see if we can add some meaning to the found glyphs. This stage can be done through the Language dialog . This step only requires you to to click on the Select Area button at 3 then use the area like the one at 11 to cover over the glyphs that you want to be translated into words.
The selected glyphs are streamed into an array of symbols with their confidence data and sent to a remote 2glyph server to be translated. Only the symbol data is required by the remote server, no part of the original image is ever sent.
In the case that the symbols that you assigned to the glyphs can compose a word for the language you sent you will notice that new data will appear on your image, as you can see in 9. If you move your mouse over the word text you will notice that it will be highlighted as well as the symbols that compose the word. Editing the word can be done by clicking on it in the image, and a dialog form for it will appear as described in Word View.
If you did not purchased GlyphViewer, for each word identified a credit will be charged to your account. You can see your remaining credits in your login form. In any case creating a account is required.
Creating translations
The final step is to actually build your desired translations. At this point this is done manually by adding the translated words to your own translation. We believe that for an acient language, such as Egyptian Hieroglyphs, any automatic translation will not be posible as composing such a translation should be an art left to the user. But GlyphViewer helps you by providing a list of words that you can use to build your translation. All that you need to do is click on the New Translation... button in 6 and a dialog form will appear to help you with this as described in Translation View.
After you are done you can see the translation appear on the image with the font and color you have chosen. You can also move it by clicking on the translation and dragging it across the image. You can also select the translation and click Edit in 7 to add different a translation in a different language or modifying one of it or Remove to delete it.
Clicking on the translation, as seen in 10 will cause a combo box to appear on the upper right corner of the translation as well as the translation to be surrounded by a thin border. You can use it to scroll through the different languages it has been translated to.
You can also link or add recognized words to the translation. When you move your mouse over the translation you will see the words and their underlying glyphs becoming highlighted.
A translation can be deleted once you selected it by clicking the Delete key.


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ClientState of Hawaii
BackgroundInterstate H-3 runs east to west across the island of Oahu, meandering through the lush windward mountains between Honolulu and the Kaneohe Marine Corps Base. The 15-mile scenic interstate highway includes four multispan bridges with a combined length of over 3 miles, containing 2 million feet of post-tensioning, draped profile tendons.
SolutionIn preparation for a full-scale inspection of the bridges, WJE engineers completed a thorough document review, surveyed the bridges with ground penetrating radar to identify tendon ducts susceptible to voiding, and engaged in field reconnaissance to determine their accessibility. From the data collected, WJE technicians replicated voids found in the bridges using specially constructed laboratory test blocks to validate the effectiveness of the MIRA tomography equipment—a nondestructive method of detecting voids—prior to its full-scale implementation.
Once confident in the system's performance, WJE engineers used MIRA to scan a combined 319 feet of the bridges over a two-week period. Where voids were detected, discreet holes were drilled, allowing the engineers to perform borescope inspections of the offending tendon ducts. The engineers also excavated five inspection openings to verify MIRA results and collect grout samples for further laboratory studies. Despite the identification of eight grout voids, no tendon corrosion was observed.
Advanced laboratory testing of the detection equipment and inspection methods elevated the client's level of confidence, while WJE's expertise in materials science and efficient use of nondestructive testing methods allowed for prompt, successful bridge investigations with minimal interruption to the public.


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Fashioning a climate resilient cotton sector
By Charlene Collison and Ulrike Stein
Why understanding the climate threat to cotton is essential for preparing a cross-sector response.
As the Cotton 2040 initiative publishes two new studies highlighting the potentially drastic impacts the climate crisis could have on cotton production in India and globally, Forum for the Future's Charlene Collison and Ulrike Stein explore the urgent need for businesses to move beyond mitigation efforts and firmly shift their focus on adaptation measures in order to create a climate-resilient cotton sector.
The climate crisis will impact every detail of our lives, right down to the clothes we wear, the towels we use and the sheets we sleep on. The future of cotton, the world's most widely produced natural fibre, will be affected, often dramatically, by changes in the climate.
Indeed, climate breakdown is arguably the biggest and most complex of the many pressing social and environmental challenges threatening the cotton sector's future resilience. Rising temperatures, changes to water availability and extreme weather events are already affecting crop production around the world, while the sector itself of course also contributes to climate change.
However, most industry-wide conversations and plans don't address the scale of change that the climate crisis will force upon the industry, and the world. Importantly, a key barrier has been the lack of information on the potential climate impacts on the cotton sector. The Cotton 2040 initiative aims to change this.
Tackling the information gap: two new studies
Cotton 2040 is a multi-stakeholder initiative facilitating the shift to a sustainable global cotton industry which:
- is resilient in a changing climate;
- uses business models that support sustainable production and livelihoods;
- and where sustainably produced cotton is the norm.
As part of its Planning for Climate Adaptation workstream, climate-risk specialists Acclimatise (part of Willis Tower Watson's Climate and Resilience Hub) have conducted two unique new studies, using a worst-case climate scenario.
The reports have today been published alongside an interactive Climate Risk Explorer Tool. Armed with information, the industry is better placed to agree on priority areas for joined-up, informed and responsible action.
The world's first Global Analysis of Climate Risks to cotton growing regions provides a high-level analysis of physical climate risks across all major global cotton-growing regions for the 2040s.
Key findings include that, by the 2040s, all global cotton-growing regions will be exposed to increased risk from at least one climate hazard, with half of all cotton-growing regions facing high or very high climate risk exposure to at least one climate hazard. All six highest cotton-producing countries – India, USA, China, Brazil, Pakistan and Turkey – are exposed to increased climate risk, particularly from wildfire, drought and extreme rainfall.
A Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of cotton growing regions in India considered a total of 41 climate hazard, and socio-economic indicators to assess the risk to cotton cultivation as well as cotton processing in 13 districts across three of India's major cotton-growing states: Gujarat, Maharashtra and Telangana.
Key findings include that, by 2040, all cotton-growing regions across India will be subject to greater heat stress than under present-day conditions. The study also highlighted that common areas of vulnerability across all districts include multidimensional poverty, low female work participation rates, low male and female literacy rates, and limited access to banking services, technology and information.
The 12 climate indicators covered are: growing season length, heat stress, total rainfall during the growing season, extreme rainfall events, long-term drought, short-term drought, fluvial flooding, coastal flooding, strong winds, storms, wildfire and landslides.
What do these findings mean for the cotton sector?
Firstly, mitigation efforts alone just won't be enough. The Net Zero commitments made by countries and some companies don't stack up to what's needed to keep global heating within 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. A certain level of chronic and acute climate hazards is now baked in, and we must look beyond mitigation to adaptation.
Secondly, the environmental and social impacts of climate change are going to impact every single link in the cotton and wider textile value chain. And those who are already the most vulnerable, will be affected the most. Therefore, these impacts cannot be tackled in isolation.
Thirdly, resource scarcity or unequal distribution could potentially trigger societal disruption, possibly leading to conflict or even war. This will not only impact production, but also the transportation and distribution of goods. We cannot presume that current supply chains will continue as a viable or predictable part of the future.
How should the sector respond?
Preparing for the changes ahead requires a response that goes beyond incremental solutions to fundamental changes. The findings call for nothing less than a collective re-imagination of where, how and why cotton is produced, and transformation of the cotton value chain to be sustainable, resilient and just. This will require three key things:
1. Resetting ambition: looking beyond mitigation to also focus on adaptation
Organisations across the cotton value chain need to make bold commitments and take urgent action to decarbonise their organisations and supply chains through their mitigation plans, in order to limit global warming to 1.5°C. And at the same time, the focus needs to shift to also developing robust adaptation plans to be prepared for the effects of the climate crisis.
2. Ensuring just transitions: climate justice must be at the heart of the sector's response
Investing in climate justice and socio-economic resilience is investing in climate resilience. Already vulnerable members and parts of the cotton value chain will come under even greater pressure and stress. The climate crisis will only add to the sector's deeply entrenched environmental, social and economic challenges. For the around 350 million people whose livelihoods are linked to cotton growing and processing, and especially for the millions of smallholder farmers and their communities, the potential implications are tragic.
3. Building capacity for more systemic mindsets and joined-up thinking
A systemic threat requires systemic solutions. If we are to respond proportionately to the impacts of climate change, we must focus on more than changes in the weather. We need to find ways to build environmental and social resilience into supply chains, and also halt the downward spiral of the most vulnerable.
Building sector wide conversations on climate change adaptation and resilience
Navigating planning for these multiple potential futures – the one we must aim for through mitigation efforts, and the ones we must nonetheless be prepared for through adaptation planning – is the critical challenge that the cotton sector is facing.
The Cotton 2040 initiative urges people and organisations from across the cotton industry to use this data and analysis to think radically about the future of cotton. But we particularly call for the findings to be used as a resource to make decisions together about how the industry needs to work, from how cotton is produced, transported, and used; to strategies, business models, financing and more.
We invite you to join us on this mission.


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Iroquois Theatre fire
The Iroquois Theatre fire occurred on December 30, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. It is the deadliest theater fire and the deadliest single-building fire in United States history. At least 605 people died as a result of the fire but not all the deaths were reported, as some of the bodies were removed from the scene.
The theatre
The Iroquois Theatre was located at 24–28 West Randolph Street, on the North Side between State Street and Dearborn Street in Chicago. The syndicate that bankrolled its construction chose the location specifically to attract women on day trips from out of town who, it was thought, would be more comfortable attending a theatre located close to the safe, police-patrolled Loop shopping district. The theatre opened in November 1903 after numerous delays due to labor unrest and, according to one writer, the unexplained inability of architect Benjamin Marshall to complete required drawings on time. Upon opening it was lauded by drama critics; Walter K. Hill wrote in the New York Clipper (a predecessor of Variety) that the Iroquois was "the most beautiful... in Chicago, and competent judges state that few theaters in America can rival its architectural perfections..."
The theatre had three audience levels. The main floor (known as the "orchestra" or "parquet") was on the same level as the Foyer or Grand Stair Hall. The second level (the "dress circle") and the third level (the "gallery") were accessed through broad stairways that led off the foyer. The backstage areas were unusually large, with dressing rooms on five levels, an uncommonly large fly gallery (where scenery was hung), and even an elevator available to transport actors down to the stage level.
Fire readiness deficiencies noted before the fire
Despite being billed as "Absolutely Fireproof" in advertisements and playbills, numerous deficiencies in fire readiness were apparent:
- An editor of Fireproof Magazine had toured the building during construction and had noted "the absence of an intake, or stage draft shaft; the exposed reinforcement of the (proscenium) arch; the presence of wood trim on everything and the inadequate provision of exits."
- A Chicago Fire Department captain who made an unofficial tour of the theatre days before the official opening noted that there were no extinguishers, sprinklers, alarms, telephones, or water connections; the only firefighting equipment available were six canisters of a dry chemical called "Kilfyre", which was normally used to douse chimney fires in residential houses. "Kilfyre" is made out of bicarbonate-of-soda and powder. The captain pointed out the deficiencies to the theatre's fire warden but was told that nothing could be done, as the fire warden would simply be dismissed if he brought the matter up with the syndicate of owners. When the captain reported the matter to his commanding officer, he was again told that nothing could be done, as the theatre already had a fire warden.
Structural deficiencies in the theater
There were also structural deficiencies reported, including:
- Large iron gates blocked off the stairways during performances to prevent patrons from moving down from the gallery to the dress circle or orchestra.
- Many of the exit routes were confusing.
- Skylights on the roof of the stage, which were intended to open automatically during a fire to vent the heat and smoke, were fastened closed.
- The asbestos curtain was not tested periodically, and it got stuck when the theater personnel tried to lower it.
The fire
On December 30, 1903, the Iroquois presented a matinee performance of the popular Drury Lane musical Mr. Bluebeard, which had been playing at the Iroquois since opening night. The play, a burlesque of the traditional Bluebeard folk tale, featured Dan McAvoy as Bluebeard and Eddie Foy as Sister Anne, a role that allowed him to showcase his physical comedy skills. Attendance since opening night had been disappointing, people having been driven away by poor weather, labor unrest, and other factors. The December 30 performance drew a much larger sellout audience, with every seat being filled and hundreds of patrons in the "standing room" areas at the back of the theatre. Many of the estimated 2,000 patrons attending the matinee were children. The standing room areas were so crowded that some patrons instead sat in the aisles, blocking the exits.
At about 3:15 P.M., the beginning of the second act, a dance number was in progress when an arc light shorted out and sparks ignited a muslin curtain. A stagehand attempted to douse the fire with the Kilfyre canisters provided but it quickly spread to the fly gallery high above the stage where several thousand square feet of highly flammable painted canvas scenery flats were hung. The stage manager attempted to lower the fire curtain, but it snagged. Although early reports state that it was stopped by the trolley-wire that carried one of the acrobats over the stage, later investigation showed that the curtain had been blocked by a light reflector which stuck out under the proscenium arch. A chemist who later tested part of the curtain stated that it was mainly wood pulp mixed with asbestos, and would have been "of no value in a fire."
Foy, who was preparing to go on stage at the time, ran out and attempted to calm the crowd, first making sure his young son was in the care of a stagehand. He later wrote, "It struck me as I looked out over the crowd during the first act that I had never before seen so many women and children in the audience. Even the gallery was full of mothers and children." Foy's role in this disaster was recreated by Bob Hope in the film The Seven Little Foys. Foy was widely seen as a hero after the fire for his courage in remaining on stage and pleading with patrons not to panic even as large chunks of burning scenery landed around him.
By this time, many of the patrons on all levels were quickly attempting to flee the theatre. Some had located the fire exits hidden behind draperies on the north side of the building, but found that they could not open the unfamiliar bascule lock. One door was opened by a man who happened to have a bascule lock in his home and two were opened either by brute force or by a blast of air, but most of the other doors could not be opened. Some patrons panicked, crushing or trampling others in a desperate attempt to escape the fire. Many were killed while trapped in dead ends or while attempting to open windows that were designed to look like doors.
The dancers on stage were also forced to flee, along with the performers backstage and in the numerous dressing rooms. When the performers and stagehands went out the back exit, the icy wind rushed in and made the fire substantially bigger. Many escaped the theatre through the coal hatch and through windows in the dressing rooms, while others attempted to escape via the west stage door, which opened inwards and became jammed as actors pressed toward the door frantically trying to get out. By chance a passing railroad agent saw the crowd pressing against the door and undid the hinges from the outside using tools he normally carried with him, allowing the actors and stagehands to escape. Someone else opened the huge double freight doors in the north wall, normally used for scenery, allowing "a cyclonic blast" of cold air to rush into the building and create an enormous fireball. As the vents above the stage were nailed or wired shut, the fireball instead traveled outwards, ducking under the stuck asbestos curtain and streaking toward the vents behind the dress circle and gallery 50 feet (15 m) away. The hot gases and flames passed over the heads of those in the orchestra seats and incinerated everything flammable in the gallery and dress circle levels, including patrons still trapped in those areas.
Those in the orchestra section were able to exit into the foyer and out the front door, but those in the dress circle and gallery who escaped the fireball were unable to reach the foyer because the iron grates that barred the stairways were still in place. The largest death toll was at the base of these stairways, where hundreds of people were trampled, crushed, or asphyxiated.
Patrons who were able to escape via the emergency exits on the north side found themselves on the unfinished fire escapes. Many jumped or fell from the icy, narrow fire escapes to their deaths; the bodies of the first jumpers broke the falls of those who followed them.
Students from the Northwestern University building located north of the theatre tried bridging the gap with a ladder and then with some boards between the rooftops, saving those few able to manage the makeshift cross over.
While out walking, Chicago American reporter Walter Howey was startled to see a knight and three elves climb out of a manhole. He had stumbled upon four actors fleeing the fire. As more people escaped via the theater cellar through the sewers, Howey reported his scoop, and the story, one of the biggest in Chicago's history, established his reputation for speed, resourcefulness, and skillful writing. Howey became city editor of the Chicago Tribune in 1907. Lured away by Hearst, he became managing editor of the Chicago American in 1917, and later served as the prototype for Walter Burns, the ruthless, scheming managing editor in Hecht and MacArthur's play The Front Page.
Corpses were piled ten bodies high around the doors and windows. Many patrons had clambered over piles of bodies only to succumb themselves to the flames, smoke, and gases. It is estimated that 575 people were killed on


text:
Sothis JCQ-5 Microbial Air Sampler
The JCQ-5 type microbial air sampler complies with the ISO14698-1/2 requirement. It has the following characteristics:
1. The collection port is designed with 397 micro-holes which can reduce the overlap of dust and bacteria during the sampling process and reduce counting errors (Anderson principle level 5).
2. Multi-hole sampling head, allows a wide range of airborne bio-contaminant sampling by impacting on agar plates ( ɸ90mm* 15mm Petri dish).
3. Sampling volume, sampling time and other parameters are stored in pages and can communicate with the computer through the USB port.
4. Large-capacity battery, continuously taking sample with more than 6 hours.
5. It can be used with Sothis compressed gas detection supporting device to detect the concentration of microorganisms in compressed gas.
6. The maximum sampling period can reach 6000L.
7. The impact rate of the sampling head made of aluminum alloy is about 10.8m/s, ensuring the particles larger than 1μm can be captured.
2. Operating rooms
4. Production plants,
6. Cosmetic industries
7. Electronics factory
JCQ-5 Sothis Air Sampler
1.The power adapter
3.Portable protection box And others
JCQ-5 Microbial Air Sampler
Product Catalogue Of Sothis (Suzhou) Environment Technology Co.Ltd


text:
Title: The Minimum-Entropy Algorithm and Related Methods for Calibrating Asset-Pricing Models
We describe an algorithm for calibrating asset-pricing models based on minimizing the relative entropy between probabilities. The algorithm determines a probability measure on path-space which minimizes the Kullback information with respect to a given prior and satisfies a finite number of moment constraints which correspond to fitting prices. It admits, generically, a unique, stable, solution that depends smoothly on the input prices. We study the sensitivities of the model values of contingent claims to variations in the input prices. We find that hedge ratios can be interpreted as ''risk-neutral'' regression coefficients of the contingent claim's payoff on the set of payoffs of the input instruments. We also show that the minimum-entropy algorithm is a special case of a general class of algorithms for calibrating asset-pricing models based on stochastic control and convex optimization. As an illustration, we use minimum-entropy to construct a smooth curve of instantaneous forward rates from US LIBOR data and to study the corresponding sensitivities of fixed-income securities to variations in input prices.
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification:
Keywords and Phrases:
Full text: dvi.gz 30 k, dvi 73 k, ps.gz 93 k.
Home Page of DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


If the angle of the lean of the tree appears to be changing, the tree could be in the process of failing structurally. This is not uncommon following root damage. Decay organisms can invade damaged roots that can structurally weaken the tree causing it to fall.
There are several methods to determine if the angle of lean is changing. You should contact a consulting arborist who is qualified to evaluate the tree and determine if removal is warranted or if other treatments could reduce the risk of failure to acceptable levels.
View more FAQs
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Helping people with computers... one answer at a time.
Programs that identify identical files can be useful, but simply deleting the duplicates found can cause more harm that good.
Is it safe to delete duplicate files found by duplicate file finder programs?
I'm probably going to get some flack for this one, but my answer is a very strong NO.
Let me explain why.
In short, installing programs in Windows is a mess.
Over the years programs have gone from attempting to share large numbers of components, to keeping separate copies of often identical files in order to protect from unexpected upgrades that can sometimes cause software to fail.
Right now, most programs are somewhere in between. Some modules are shared, and some are not. The "mess" is that there's no consistent rule, and applications are free to choose what they do and do not share, as well as what they do or do not rely on and install themselves.
Let's use an example.
Program "A.EXE" and program "B.EXE" are both statistical packages, and they both rely on a fairly large library of mathematical functions that are packaged into "STATS.DLL".
"In short, installing programs in Windows is a mess."
Scenario 1:
When you install A.EXE, it installs STATS.DLL into a place where anyone can use it. Then later, when you install B.EXE, it sees that STATS.DLL is already on your machine, so it has no need to install it. B.EXE just uses the STATS.DLL that's already there.
Sounds fantastic in principal since disk space is saved, and there's only one STATS.DLL to keep track of.
Then you take an update to A.EXE, which includes a new version of STATS.DLL. The update dutifully replaces the older copy of STATS.DLL with the new, and the new A.EXE is happy.
And your old B.EXE breaks.
Why? Well, to be clear, it's not supposed to. But all too often it does, because something about the newer STATS.DLL didn't take into account the way that B.EXE was using it. Could be either components fault, but the fact is that B.EXE doesn't work with the newer STATS.DLL.
You're stuck, until B.EXE is revised to work with the newer STATS.DLL. If B.EXE is never updated, you're basically screwed.
Scenario 2:
So the makers of B.EXE and A.EXE get tired of this situation where they can't update their software without affecting each other. So they decide to take a different approach.
Now, when you install A.EXE, it installs STATS.DLL into a private place where only A.EXE can use it. Later, when you install B.EXE, it does the same thing, installing another copy of STATS.DLL where only it can use it.
Problem solved, right? Now when A.EXE is update, it only update's its copy of STATS.DLL and B.EXE is unaffected.
But of course you have two copies of STATS.DLL on your machine. In fact, you may have two identical copies of STATS.DLL on your machine.
And deleting either one would be a big mistake.
So here's the bottom line:
Yes, it's safe to delete some of the duplicate files that your duplicate file finder may identify. It's just not easy to tell which ones. And without knowing, it's possible very possible you'll break an application, or worse, your operating system.
My advice: don't.
If you're looking to free up space on your hard drive, use tools that show you where the most space is being used and target your efforts to get the biggest bang for your efforts.
But in general, unless you know what you're doing, leave duplicate files alone.
Article C3072 - July 1, 2007 « »
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Leo Leo A. Notenboom has been playing with computers since he was required to take a programming class in 1976. An 18 year career as a programmer at Microsoft soon followed. After "retiring" in 2001, Leo started Ask Leo! in 2003 as a place for answers to common computer and technical questions. More about Leo.
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29 Comments
gilles
July 3, 2007 9:06 AM
VERY GOOD ADVICE AS USUAL.ABOUT A YEAR AGO I USED A LITTLE PROGRAM TO GET RID OF DUPLICATE FILES,IT DID THAT ALLRIGHT AND AT THE SAME TIME IT GOT RID OF XP AND I HAD TO REINSTALL,SO LISTEN TO LEO.
Terry Hollett
July 7, 2007 5:35 AM
I got a call from a guy who couldn't get MSN Messenger to run. I couldn't either even after reinstalling it. Also I noticed the adware program wouldn't run. I downloaded that version and even that wouldn't run.
An antivirus scan showed no infection. The only clue was when trying to run Lavasoft Ad-Aware it wouldn't but there was a error message concerning the file RICHED20.DLL. I assumed it was corrupted/missing - did a search and found 4 instances of the file on the computer.
I decided to download a new copy of the internet. They didn't have the install CD and I wasn't sure about the copies on the system. After downloading I wasn't sure where to put it. I chose SYSTEM32 folder even though there wasn't a copy there. Problem solved.
I had a similar problem with WMP.DLL from Media Player 10. Found 4 instances of the file on my hard drive and decided to use one of them. It worked by coping the file from one folder (can't remember the name right now) to the SYSTEM32 folder where again the file was missing. It worked. Duplicate files aren't always bad.
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Jerry
July 7, 2007 7:41 AM
On March 22, 2007 I deleted all duplicate files, and my system crashed as a result. Leo is giving good advice.
Cat Moves
July 7, 2007 9:45 AM
For some now, I 've, almost religiously, been running CCleaner, then Disc Cleanup, then Drive Cleanup before turning off my computer. I wanted to know how it looked once, so after performing my usual shut down cleaning, when I next turned it on, I ran the same programs. There's a surprise. It seemed that all those nasties (or most of them at least) were back. I had done no surfing, no going on online, nothing. What's going on here? Am I wasting my time doing these chores?
Ziggie
July 9, 2007 11:34 AM
I've learned this lesson the hard way. Once I ran one of these duplicate finders to clear up some duplicate files (lean = fast, right?). When I got done ALL of my shortcut files had disappeared. My desktop was blank, my start menu was blank, my quick launch was blank. I've decided since then that duplicate files aren't that bad....
Linda
July 20, 2007 7:26 PM
I agree that deleting duplicates files could be a problem IF you're not looking at the duplicates before you delete them. Checksums are important when integrating it into a duplicate file program.
Also, I'm still wondering how someone could lose their operating system without knowing it before they click.......hmmmmmm
john290
February 26, 2008 9:44 AM
I agree with all of you! but i am sys admin and i create lots of backup... so to organize this we use duplicate finder it help me a lot!
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Kristian
April 7, 2008 7:21 AM
As Leo and many other in this thread says it is not safe to remove all duplicate files. I would recomend only to remove user files (digital photos, music, documents etc) and carefully check every file before removing it and not use any programs that automaticaly removes clones without your control. The problem is not only to find the duplicate files but to select which ones to remove.
You could try using our software Clone Tools that will give you control of exactly what you are doing by displaying all clones in a file browser. Windows system directories are exlcuded from the duplicate scan by default.
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Max McCord
July 31, 2008 3:17 AM
Well Leo, You shot me down...sorta. I discovered your site while seeking an efficient solution to a duplicates problem (some unknown application or some action on my part has resulted in vast numbers of duplicate files, primarily shortcuts, on my Vista system. It would take many hours to remove them all individually). My problem is not primarily a duplicate program removal issue, but you have convinced me to be extra cautious. I have encountered problems such as you describe in the past, sometimes with disastrous consequences. Thanks for reminding me of the potential problems.
Allan
October 11, 2008 8:36 PM
Never delete files from the Windows directory
Only delete files you know are safe to delete
I use Directory Report to find dups
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femma
October 19, 2008 4:10 PM
hi leo,
my neighbor put my photos in my desktop 900PLUS CAN I DELETE AND


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There are more than 6,000 of their kind, species that vary in colour, habitat and behaviour. Yet most know little about the tiny invertebrate scientists call Amphipoda. Since it also looks a lot like a more popular creature, the shrimp, it's often confusing for homeowners when an amphipod infestation occurs. But how can you spot the signs before it's too late? Below are a few things that'll help you be prepared and ready to fight these "lawn shrimp" pests.
What are Amphipods?
Amphipods are a kind crustacean that lives both in water and on land. They are very similar in appearance to shrimp but are much tinier with adults measuring 5 mm – 20 mm on average. Their bodies are elongated in shape, shiny and smooth. These creatures are also known as land hoppers – that's because they jump like fleas — or lawn shrimp.
The adult amphipods can live up to a year and feed on bacteria, plants and animals depending on each species. Though the majority of amphipods live in the oceans, the terrestrial amphipods are the ones which most homeowners have to worry about. The best-known home invader of its kind is the Arcitalitrus Sylvaticus.
These amphipods are most active at night as this is when they feed. They are scavengers by nature and breed several times per year, usually during wet seasons.
Where are Infestations Most Likely to Occur?
Knowing where an infestation is most likely to occur will help you not only spot one, but best of all prevent one from happening in the first place. The key to this is remembering that an amphipod's behaviour is largely affected by the amount of moisture in the environment.
Lawn shrimp pests like moisture so it's no wonder they'd aim for your pool. When an infestation occurs in a home owner's pool it can cause serious problems including clogging of filters. Since infestation is most likely to occur during periods of excessive rain, be sure to clean pool filters often during this period.
Amphipods like moisture but not too much. When rain falls they are likely to enter your home by crawling beneath your doors to avoid excess moisture. Your garage is one spot they'll likely end up in such instances. If the moisture level is optimal – not too much or too little – they will thrive there. To avoid an infestation, keep moisture down. Clean up puddles, use a dehumidifier, de-clutter and so forth.
- Fish Tanks
What's in your fish tank? If you see dozens of shrimpy pests appear out of nowhere, they are likely amphipods. They'll enjoy the controlled settings, especially since it'll be abundant with food sources. Though many species are herbivores, others are scavengers and will eat any form of animal life their little mouths can handle.
Terrestrial amphipods can thrive beneath stones or decaying vegetation. They like soft, moist soil which can be very abundant in gardens. Some species also jump about like fleas, making gardening where an infestation is present very annoying. You'll be able to distinguish between amphipods and fleas as you look closely at the body. An amphipod's body is usually brownish-white and will turn red when it dies. Also, unlike fleas, the amphipod doesn't bite.
Managing Moisture Within and Outside Home
Amphipods are very vulnerable to water loss because unlike insects whose exoskeleton possess a waxy layer, their bodies are not designed to manage water loss on its own. They can die pretty easily in the right environment. To manage an infestation, apply the following procedures:
- Reduce moisture in home, especially after excessive rainfall
- Clean pool filters regularly
- Reduce irrigation, where possible, in gardens and lawns
- Remove excessive rocks which often protect amphipod environs
- Clean up mulch, or debris around property including nearby pavements and drains
- Use non-chemical methods that help to dry out your environment
Remember moisture control is the key! Also, be sure you are certain that it's an amphipod infestation before applying treatment. Since amphipods are some of the least known pests, be careful to avoid drawing hasty conclusions. If you have an infestation and you're not sure if it's due to amphipods, contact us today.


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Home » Posts tagged 'collisions'
Tag Archives: collisions
There are a few issues to note. First, after the collision DART is transferring backwards, as a result of it bounced. Since velocity is a vector, meaning that it's going to have a detrimental momentum on this one-dimensional instance.
Second, the kinetic vitality equation offers with the sq. of the rate. Which means that although DART has a detrimental velocity, it nonetheless has constructive kinetic vitality.
We simply have two equations and two variables, so these equations aren't not possible to resolve—however they're additionally not trivial. Here is what you'll get for those who did the maths. (Should you really need all the small print, I've you coated.)
Utilizing the values for DART and Dimorphos, this offers a closing velocity of 1.46 mm/s. That is twice the recoil velocity for the inelastic collision. For the reason that DART spacecraft bounces again, it has a a lot bigger change in momentum (going from constructive to detrimental). Which means that Dimorphos may also have a bigger change in momentum and a bigger change in velocity. It is nonetheless a tiny change—however twice one thing tiny is greater than tiny.
Elastic and inelastic collisions are simply the 2 excessive ends of the collision spectrum. Most fall someplace in between, in that the objects do not stick collectively however kinetic vitality isn't conserved. However you possibly can see from the calculations above that the easiest way to vary the trajectory of an asteroid is with an elastic collision.
pictures of Dimorphos after the collision, it appears that there's not less than some materials ejected from the asteroid. For the reason that particles strikes in the wrong way of DART's unique movement, it seems that the spacecraft partially bounced again, exhibiting the rise within the change in Dimorphos' momentum. That is what you wish to see in case your objective is to budge an area rock. With none ejected materials, you'll have one thing nearer to an inelastic collision with a decrease asteroid recoil velocity.
How Can We Measure the Results of the Influence?
As you possibly can see from the earlier instance, the best-case state of affairs would change the rate of the asteroid by simply 1.34 millimeters per second. Measuring a velocity change this small is kind of a problem. However Dimorphos has a bonus function—it is a part of a double asteroid system. Keep in mind, it's orbiting its greater companion, Didymos. That is one of many causes NASA selected this goal. The important thing to discovering the impact of a spacecraft crashing into Dimorphos might be measuring its orbital interval, or the time it takes for the thing to make an entire orbit, and seeing if it has modified following the collision.
Dimorphos orbits Didymos in line with the identical physics that make the moon orbit the Earth. Since there's a gravitational interplay between them, Didymos pulls Dimorphos towards their frequent middle of mass—a degree a lot nearer to the middle of Didymos, as a result of it is bigger. This gravitational power would trigger the 2 objects to ultimately collide in the event that they each began from relaxation. However that's not the case. As a substitute, Dimorphos has a velocity that is principally perpendicular to this gravitational power, which causes it to maneuver in an orbit across the middle of mass. It is potential (however not completely needed) that this orbit is round.


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Satellite ProgramsScience Satellites
SOLAR-B is the third-generation solar physics satellite of JAXA a successor to the greatly successful SOLAR-A. The satellite was launched in 2006 on a mission of elucidating the wonders and mechanism of solar activities in the corona zone by means of a high-powered reflecting telescope of 50cm diameter.
The mission of SOLAR-B is the elucidation of such issues as: the composition of the outer surface of the sun (corona and chromosphere); the magnetic microstructure of the surface of the sun's photosphere, and dynamics and coupling with the sun's corona; and elementary processes of magnetic reconnection. In order to accomplish this mission, SOLAR-B is a solar-orbit observation platform consisting of three observation systems: a visible light/magnetic field telescope, an X-ray telescope, and an extreme ultra violet (EUV) spectrum imaging system. The satellite is equipped for high-resolution, comprehensive observation of magnetism, temperature, and plasma flow in the range of the 6,000 oC surface of the photosphere, to the several tens of thousands of degrees of the corona.
September 23, 2006
Kagoshima Space Center
Altitude: 600 km, Sun-synchronous polar orbit
Minimum 2 years


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Justin Gaethje ● The Dominance of The Wrestler Base In MMA
Mindsmash is back with another intriguing analysis and question of why are wrestlers so dominant in MMA? Let's begin by taking a look at the players dominating in the sport. What is it about wrestling that makes it so powerful as an important discipline, when stringing together the rest of your arsenal? It's intent, as a sport and the philosophy it uses to execute that intent. So what is its intent?
"To Gain and Maintain a Superior Position"
This does two things. Using techniques to gain a superior position over the opponent. So that a fighter can hit you and you cannot hit them. With fighters like Tyron Woodley or Cody Garbrandt. Who can use their wrestling to keep the fight on the feet and away from the other fighters strengths. Which could, for instance, be Jiu Jitsu. That is why wrestling is so strong.
Wrestling is essentially a tool to inhibit the other opponent from using theirs, forcing you to play into their World. In MMA it may look a little different. But it's intent, its philosophy remains the same. Using explosiveness and technique to maintain a superior position over you.
Explosiveness is another key point we have to note. The explosive training regiment. Wrestling doesn't have as many techniques as Jiu Jitsu. Yet it is still very much a game of chess, a game of the mind. Mass times acceleration equals force. The faster you move your mass, the more force you will deliver.
Justin Gaethje is the newest athlete to sign with the UFC and he brings that same wrestling base with him. Gaethje was an NCCA division one All America wrestler. Who transitioning to MMA throughout college under the tutelage of Trevor Wittman. How will his skill set translate into the elite divisions of the UFC. With a fight of the year contender win over Michael Johnson, he's off to a great start. Let's deconstruct the overall philosophy they are using.


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Performance metrics can help data storage pros judge the effectiveness of their enterprise data storage resources....
By submitting your email address, you agree to receive emails regarding relevant topic offers from TechTarget and its partners. You can withdraw your consent at any time. Contact TechTarget at 275 Grove Street, Newton, MA.
For example, data storage efficiency can be measured in terms of capacity utilization or productivity (such as performance). Likewise, quality of service (QoS) can indicate compliance with data protection among other application service requirements.
Examples of metrics and measurements for storage efficiency and optimization include the following:
- Macro (e.g., facilities such as power usage effectiveness) and micro (device or component level)
- Time (performance or activity) vs. availability vs. space (capacity)
- Performance metrics, including IOPS, bandwidth, and response time or latency
- Additional performance metrics, including reads, writes, random, sequential or IO size
- Storage capacity metrics, including percent utilization as well as reduction ratios
- Other capacity metrics, including raw, formatted, free, allocated or allocated not used
Metrics can be obtained from in-house, third-party, or operating system and application-specific tools. Other metrics can be estimated or simulated; for example, benchmarks running specific workloads such as those from the Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC), Storage Performance Council (SPC), Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) or Microsoft Exchange Solution Reviewed Program (ESRP).
Compound metrics, those made up of multiple metrics, include cost per GB and cost per IOP, along with capacity per watt or activity per watt, such as IOPS or bandwidth per watt of energy used.
A list of common storage performance metrics
Here is a list of common storage performance metrics:
- IOPS: I/O operations per second where the I/O can be of various size
- Latency: The response time where lower is better for time-sensitive applications
- MTBF: Mean time between failures indicates reliability or availability
- MTTR: Mean time to repair or replace a failed component or storage device
- Quality of Service (QoS): Refers to performance, availability or general service experience
- Recovery point objective (RPO): To what point in time is data saved or lost
- Recovery time objective (RTO): How quickly data or applications can be made available
- SPC: Storage Performance Council workload (IOP, bandwidth and others)
- TPC: Transaction Processing Council workload comparisons
Other metrics include uptime, planned or unplanned downtime, errors or defects, and missed windows for data protection or other infrastructure resource management tasks.
Remember to keep idle and active modes of operation in perspective when comparing tiered storage. Applications that rely on performance or data access need to be compared on an activity basis, while applications and data that are focused more on data retention should be compared on a cost per-capacity basis. For example, active, online and primary data that needs to provide performance should be looked at in terms of activity per-watt per-footprint cost, while inactive or idle data should be looked at on a capacity per-watt per-footprint cost basis.
Given that productivity is also a tenet of storage efficiency, metrics that shed light on how effectively resources are being used are important. For example, QoS, performance, transactions, IOPS, files serviced or other activity-based metrics should be looked at to determine how effective and productive storage resources are.
Tips for using data storage resource metrics
Here are three other storage efficiency tips to remember:
- Look beyond cost per-capacity comparisons
- Remember that GB per watt can mean capacity or performance bandwidth
- While hit rates may indicate good utilization, they may not necessarily mean effective performance
It can be easy to end up with an apples-to-oranges comparison when looking at different storage products optimized for idle or low activity that may have a good capacity per watt, but poor performance and low IOPS or bandwidth per watt. Likewise, a high-performance storage system may have good IOPS or bandwidth per watt, but may not be as attractive when compared on a capacity basis.
Remember that more information will have to be processed, stored and protected in multiple locations and at a lower cost in the future. Therefore, performance efficiency can enable more effective storage capacity at a given QoS level, for both active and idle storage.


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Why Do Beautiful Women Sometimes Marry Unattractive Men?
It may be that the unattractive man has a lot of money, or some other compelling attribute.
But a new study by Satoshi Kanazawa, an evolutionary psychologist at the London School of Economics, suggests it may be a simple supply-and-demand issue: there are more beautiful women in the world than there are handsome men.
Why? Kanazawa argues it's because good-looking parents are 36% more likely to have a baby daughter as their first child than a baby son — which suggests, evolutionarily speaking, that beauty is a trait more valuable for women than for men. The study was conducted with data from 3,000 Americans, derived from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, and was published in the Journal of Theoretical Biology.
According to this news article, "Selection pressure means when parents have traits they can pass on that are better for boys than for girls, they are more likely to have boys. Such traits include large size, strength and aggression, which might help a man compete for mates. On the other hand, parents with heritable traits that are more advantageous to girls are more likely to have daughters."
Beauty is apparently just one "female" trait. Kanazawa has done previous research suggesting that nurses, social workers and kindergarten teachers — those with "empathic" traits — also had more daughters than sons. Meanwhile, he found that scientists, mathematicians and engineers are more likely to have sons than daughters.
It is good that Kanazawa is only a researcher and not, say, the president of Harvard. If he were, that last finding about scientists may have gotten him fired.
(Hat tip: Nadine Groney)


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How Static Are Static Data?
February 01, 2022
A balance printout is a fixed record, and is also called static data. But how static are static data when the weight is used in a chromatographic analysis? Also, have some regulatory data integrity guidance documents failed to comply with their own regulations?


Choices In Breeding-Drive Or Liveability
written by Bonnie Wittrock
submitted by Marj Brooks
I think one of the things people must start to realize is that we CAN have awesome drives and liveability in our working dogs. If you own or are looking to buy a working breed you must realize that you need to be a person with the time to exercise the dog properly. If you expect to have a Doberman that lays around all day and would be content to lay around all night then you are in for a eye-opening experience. It simply is not in the recipe for a good Doberman. However, it is not asking too much to have a dog that is capable of relaxing and being a good house companion. The dogs that are unable to do that are faulty in my perfect picture of the total Doberman. It is not an either/or choice. As breeders we should be striving to produce the dog that does have the drives to be a good worker and the nervous system to control the behaviours.
Years ago when I started to separate the nervous system from the drives in my evaluation process everything became much clearer to me as to why certain dogs behaved in the way that they did.
Try to visualize the drives and the nervous system as if they were an electrical system. The nervous system is the center wire that runs the dog. The drives are the wires that connect to the core or nervous system wire. So, in your thinking you see a center (nervous system) wire with lots of wires coming into it (drives). If the drive wires are big and can carry a lot of stimulus and the Nervous system wire is small then what you have is a dog in overload mode most of the time. The stimulus coming into the nervous system is just too much for the dog to handle and remain calm. Improving nervous systems will calm the dog to his drives. It is possible to have a high-drive, high-energy dog that can be calm but only if the nervous system is a strong part of the dog's makeup.
A dog with a weaker nervous system is in conflict or overload. Many make the mistake of breeding less drives to compensate for a weak nervous system instead of breeding the same or more drive with better nervous systems. For some reason breeders have a tendency not to see the end goal and mistakenly choose the wrong road to follow.
Start to look at dogs and their faults and reverse what you are seeing and then decide if your are on the right path of choices. You cannot successfully increase drive and decrease nerves.
You can expand this thought process to other aspects of breeding. Heads are another place that wrong choices are often made. Just go to any show ring and think of this. Years ago when muzzles began to get to narrow and were lacking under jaw the choice in breeding seemed to tend toward narrowing the skull to put the muzzle in balance with the head instead of increasing the muzzle to be in balance. Now many dogs have that narrow collie-type head that has no power or substance to it. The head is not functional for the purpose of the breed. When you take substance out of the head you can't help but take it from the body too. When you take away substance you take away power.
Every breeder has to have a talk with themselves in their heart of hearts and evaluate their breeding programs without making excuses for it. Evaluate honestly and your breeding program can't do anything but improve. Your idea of the perfect Doberman is what your breeding program should represent, not anyone else's. You should read and educate yourself. You should train and go to all types of training seminars in order to expand your ideas on what a perfect Doberman is and should be. Talk to other breeders, trainers, pet owners, etc. to build your opinion on what you want. That opinion should expand, change and evolve as time goes by. Don't just parrot what you hear others say. Know why you believe your opinions to be true and be able to share your knowledge with others and let them pick what
they want to use for themselves. There is a place in this world for all types of Dobermans … those with character, hardness, trainability, beauty, etc … the buying public has a wide range of needs.
Now that you have started to arrive at what you want in your breeding program you need to understand that your type of dog may not be right for everyone. This requires you to select the right homes for your puppies so they can excel in the area you believe to be most important. If you have chosen to breed a softer, quieter type of dog you will send the buyer on to someone else who in looking for a high drive, high energy type dog. You have nothing to gain by trying to place a puppy into a home that is
not going to be optimum for the pup or the people. The reverse of this is if you are breeding for the hard core, sport type with energy to burn you need to send a buyer on who is not in a life style to keep up with a dog of this type. None of use can benefit from breeders placing dogs in home that have little chance of success.
Buyers should be aware that just because a dog barks at the fence when people walk by does not make them a personal protection dog. That is where choosing a dog that is training in the sports that require more is where the buyer should go to choose a dog for their protection needs. Choosing from a pedigree that shows some proof of trainability, courage, stamina, character, temperament, physical beauty, and companionship will increase the chances of their getting the dog they are looking for. Remember that in everyone's minds eye their dogs are perfect but it is in the performance arena that reality often slaps one in the face.


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Dawn baseline interplanetary trajectory for primary mission.
November 8, 2012
The thin solid lines represent the orbits of Earth, Mars, Vesta, and Ceres. The duration of the coast periods during interplanetary cruise are exaggerated in this depiction. In addition, thrusting at Vesta and Ceres is not shown.
Topics: Astronomy, Spaceflight, Planetary science, Mars program, Planet, 4 Vesta, Vesta, Unmanned spacecraft, Discovery program, Dawn, Ceres, Environment


Napier's rods
Also found in: Dictionary, Wikipedia.
Related to Napier's rods: John Napier, slide rule, Pascaline
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Synonyms for Napier's rods
a set of graduated rods formerly used to do multiplication and division by a method invented by John Napier
References in periodicals archive ?
Gasbarro used his own set of Napier's Rods and instructional videos posted on YouTube that explain the concepts and taught the students how to multiply using both methods.
Vidoes on Chinese multiplication and Napier's Rods can be found on YouTube at www.
CUTLINE: (1) Above, Hannah Kachadoorian and Maddy Starkey show off a set of Napier's Rods at Glenwood School in Rutland.


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* for specific models only
The remote-control unit offers two operation modes:
- Automatic mode - cleaning parameters can be changed
- Manual Drive mode - motion can be controlled manually
Getting Started with the Remote Control
- If the Pool Cleaner is OFF, turn on the remote-control-unit and wait 2 seconds to view the screen display.
- Press the START icon
- The power supply will turn on, indicated by a blue LED light.
- The Pool Cleaner will start cleaning according to the selected settings.
The remote-control-unit offers two automatic operation modes:
- Delayed Operation
- Weekly Scheduling
In Delayed Operation mode, you can set the Pool Cleaner to clean the pool later, by pressing START LATER.
The power supply will start blinking green.
After one hour, the Pool Cleaner will start working.
If you wish to cancel the START LATER program, press again on the START LATER icon.
When the power supply stops blinking, the program is canceled.
You can choose if you want to clean your pool every two days or every three days.
- To clean your pool every 2 days, press
- To clean your pool every 3 days, press
- The scheduling program is valid for one week only.
Manual Drive Mode
You can use the Manual Drive mode to control how your Dolphin Pool Cleaner navigates around the pool.
- If the robot is ON – Turn on the remote, press the mode selector, and use the direction control arrows to control the movement of the robot around the pool.
- If the robot is OFF – Turn on the remote and wait for 60 seconds until the self-test is completed.
Press the mode selector and use the direction control arrows to control the movement of the robot around the pool.
NOTE: If the signal bar is blinking or you have lost connection with the power supply, it could be due to one of the following reasons.
|What's wrong||What To Do|
|The power supply isn't plugged in||Plug in the power supply|
|The remote-control is not in range||Move closer to your power supply|
|The remote-control isn't paired with your robot||Make sure the remote control is OFF. Attach the remote-control unit to the power supply.
Press simultaneously on both right and left direction control arrows until you hear two beeps, and the power supply shows a steady blue connectivity LED
In case of difficulties operating the remote-control unit, try to repeat the above steps or contact our Customer Care team.


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Flying in a circulated air, pressurized plan at 30,000 feet has some negative affects the skin. For some people, the difference is very noticeable (to them, if not to others) whereas others experience little effect. There are 2 main ways that plane travel affects the skin:
#1: UV exposure
Studies indicate that there is a high level of UV radiation that makes it through the planes windows because of the higher elevation (closer to the sun + less other atmospheric elements in the air filtering the UV rays). If you love the window seat, it is advisable to apply a layer of sunscreen (or moisturizing sunscreen) before your flight. You likely will not burn regardless, but remember that sun damage is cumulative whether or not the skin burns or tans.
The main symptom of being on a plane is dehydration. Not only of the body, but of the skin as well! For some of us, that may actually lead to acne breakouts because the skin gets dry and overcompensates with increased oil production! For non-oily types, skin may feel dry, itchy or even irritated (because of that barrier function we've discussed already this series). To combat this, try applying a moisturizer before you fly and/or during flight if it's particularly long (6+ hours).


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Some CAD and GIS software applications may have issues when non-visual channels or bands are contained on images. The following document outlines the process to remove alpha channel from your orthotiff so it can be more compatible with certain CAD software applications such as Microstation, ArcGIS 3.x, Cadcorp SIS and Intergraph.
- Orthotiff with alpha channel (in this article we will be using a file called "ortho_old.tif" as the example orthotiff)
- Installed GDAL tools
What to do
Open a command line (terminal) and type the following command to take a look at the image metadata:
It will output as shown below:
Band 1 Block=15130x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
Band 2 Block=15130x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
Band 3 Block=15130x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue
Band 4 Block=15130x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Alpha
Band 4 is the alpha channel that must be removed. To do so, a new file must be created. Type the following in the command line (terminal):
gdal_translate -b 1 -b 2 -b 3 ortho_old.tif ortho_new.tif
The above command "gdal_translate" takes only the first 3 bands of the image and creates a new one called "ortho_new.tif." The resulting image will be more suitable for use with older CAD and GIS software applications.
It is recommended that a World File be added to the image in order to make it more compatible with older CAD and GIS software applications since they often don't read the geotag embedded on the file. To do this, add a flag during translate:
gdal_translate -b 1 -b 2 -b 3 -co "TFW=YES" ortho_old.tif ortho_new.tif
A World File or.TFW file is a plain text file that accompanies every.TIF file and contains upper left corner, resolution, and rotation of the image but no information regarding the georeference system.


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Rocky Vista University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer that does not discriminate against an employee or applicant based upon race, color, religion, gender, national origin, disability, or veteran status. Rocky Vista University is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
Location: US-UT-Ivins Category: Faculty Type: Regular Part-Time 19 hours or less
Location, Job Title, Benefits
The Department of OPP/OMM at Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine - Southern Utah has an opening for an Adjunct Lab Faculty member to work one or two afternoon's a week with first year medical students.
All applicants are required to submit a curriculum vitae. Final applicants will be required to pass both a background and drug test.
Purpose: Demonstrate experience and expertise in Osteopathic Principles and Practice (OPP) & Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM) in the context of clinical education for pre-doctoral students, provide service to the university and professional communities and engage in innovative scholarship and research to advance medical knowledge.
Essential Job Functions
Direct the education and instruction of medical students in OPP/OMM, while providing mentorship and motivation for learning, research and scholarly activity in classroom environments, clinical settings, active learning groups, laboratory experience and research opportunities. Be available for student advising, tutoring, remediation and consultation.
Marginal Job Functions
Terminal degree (DO or MD); Good standing with all regulatory and governmental boards and agencies; Eligible for coverage by college's malpractice insurer if applicable.
Three (3) years academic experience as a faculty member at a College of Osteopathic Medicine or as a faculty member in a Graduate Medical Education program, inclusive of residency; Current Board certified or Board eligible in area of specialization.
Rocky Vista University is in full compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and does not discriminate with regard to applicants or employees with disabilities, and will make reasonable accommodation when necessary.