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I'm comparing Entity Framework with NHibernate, and I'd like to know if when using SQL Server, what effect (if any) would enabling or disabling MARS support have on NHibernate?
MARS = Multiple Active Result Sets
The Entity Framwork documentation states the following:
When you call the Load method during a foreach (C#) or For Each (Visual Basic) enumeration, the Entity Framework tries to open a new data reader. This operation will fail unless you have enabled multiple active results sets by specifying multipleactiveresultsets=true in the connection string. For more information, see Using Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS) on MSDN. You can also load the result of the query into a List collection, which closes the data reader and enables you to enumerate over the collection to load referenced entities.
Does NHibernate has the same issue?
Additional information when connecting to SQL Azure
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Same as MOON (Multiple Object Oriented Network :) -- sorry, couldn't resist. – iDevlop Oct 5 '11 at 15:50
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The issue you're referring to is linked to "server side cursors", and as far as I know of nHibernate this shouldn't be an issue, simply because it don't use them.
If you're using LINQ to load objects in nHibernate, on the first access to the foreach enumeration, nHibernate load in memory the whole resultset of the query, and this way it can use the session's connection to load everything else. When using HQL query or Criteria, it will load the resultset when you call "List()" then it close the connection.
Entity framework on the flip side, try to be smart and make use of server side cursors when scrolling a collection via a foreach enumeration, so the objectContext's connection is "busy" with the server side cursor until the foreach enumeration is ended. If MARS is not enabled, EF can't use the connection to load another resultset (you can still issue other statements such update, insert and delete) and thus it will give you an error like "There is already an open DataReader associated with this Command which must be closed first" or something similar.
Hope this helps,
After some research I've found that nHibernate could use MARS, but still in ver there's no driver for SqlServer that supports it. Of course in the SqlClientDriver is not supported (as it is inteded for Sql2000 that has no support for MARS) but even in the Sql2008ClientDriver the relevant property is set to false. Anyway this is something I'll post to the nHibernate team as soon as possible
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So then does NH not care about MARS at all? What if you try to lazy-load another entity while enumerating an IQueryable result set? Wouldn't that require MARS? Perhaps NH has some way around this, or just doesn't support it? – Matt Johnson Nov 7 '11 at 17:33
Well, I'm tempted to but I can't say that. I've taken a look at nHibernate source and found out that the nHibernate could potentially use MARS. The SqlClientBatchingBatcher is derived from AbstractBatcher which in turn check if "_factory.ConnectionProvider.Driver.SupportsMultipleOpenReaders" then it use an implementaion of IDataReader that make use of MARS (as far as I know just for SQLServer and Oracle). So nHibernate is aware of MARS and looking at the cose seems able to use it for batching, if it is available, however I haven't tried it so far. If you 'll do some test on it, let us know – mCasamento Nov 8 '11 at 13:48
Thanks for looking. I'll do some testing at some point. The concern came up because we are going to (eventually) be using SQL Azure with Federations, and it doesn't support MARS. We chose NHibernate for other reasons, but I'm working on the assumption that it does not require MARS and will still work when not enabled. I'll award you the bounty since yours was the only answer and was at least detailed enough to point me in the right direction. Thanks. – Matt Johnson Nov 8 '11 at 14:54
Glad to be helpful, glad for the points and... Glad you choose nHibernate! I've done the same comparison about 1 year and an half ago, and now I lead a big project with nHibernate. I also help on two other smaller projects developed with EF so I'm up to date with both, and day by day I see that are no other reason that a gentler learning curve to use EF with a real world business application (more than 50 entities) – mCasamento Nov 8 '11 at 20:51
The distinguishing factor for me was that NH can be extended through event listeners. EF had something that could achieve the same effect in CTP5 called "Custom Pluggable Conventions", but they dropped it for the 4.1 release and it hasn't come back yet in 4.2. So NH it is. – Matt Johnson Nov 9 '11 at 14:19
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text:
English (P1 to P6)
This course develops the students' ability in oral, written, reading and listening skills and their overall mastery of the language. Newcastle's curriculum and teaching approach is specially designed to equip students with the necessary tools to enhance their linguistic capability through communication skills and creative writing as well as editing of grammar and vocabulary.
Mathematics (P1 to P6)
This course aims to develop the students' mathematical ability in logical reasoning and problem solving skills. The study of Mathematics goes beyond numbers and its fundamental operations and the teaching approach at Newcastle will enable the lesser ability students to grasp the important concepts easier and develop confidence in solving questions for their school tests and examinations.
Science (P3 to P6)
This program focuses on the students' ability to discover the interesting world of Science and understand the basic concepts taught according to the MOE syllabus. The subject is categorized into five separate themes namely Diversity, Systems, Cycles, Interactions and Energy. Students will also be enticed with the use of Science Kits such as Magnetism and Electricity which caters to the visual and kinesthetic learners in our centre.
Chinese (P1 to P6)
The new Chinese language curriculum aims to make language learning more enjoyable, so that the students would take Mandarin beyond the classroom. Key learning areas include listening and speaking as well as building a strong foundation in Chinese characters in lower primary and developing essay skills in upper primary. Newcastle's curriculum and teaching approach is specially designed to ensure that each student will learn the language to the best of their abilities via a step-by-step process.

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Man-of-Steel-General-Zod-HelmetIn the new movie Man of Steel, Superman engages in a fight with his fellow aliens from Krypton that causes significant damage to Metropolis. Disaster expert Charles Watson estimates the costs of the physical damage done to the city to be about $2 trillion. To put that in context, 9/11's physical damage cost $55 billion, with a further economic impact of $123 billion.
What would be the impact of Superman's fight on the economy? According to some liberal economists, it would lead to a economic boom. In defending President Obama's stimulus proposal in 2011, Paul Krugman proposed a peculiar solution for economic recovery that mimics the one in Man of Steel: prepare for an alien invasion.
"If we discovered that, you know, space aliens were planning to attack and we needed a massive buildup to counter the space alien threat and really inflation and budget deficits took secondary place to that, this slump would be over in 18 months," he declared, arguing in favor of the president's stimulus package. "And then if we discovered, oops, we made a mistake, there aren't any aliens, we'd be better [off]."
Man of Steel must be Krugman's favorite movie: you not only get an alien invasion (Kal-El, General Zod and his soldiers) but you get alien destruction on a massive scale. Just think of all the economic benefit Metropolis gained!
Krugman is a prime example that a person can win a Nobel Prize for economics, teach economics at Princeton, and write about economics for the New York Times and still not understand some of the most basic principles in economics. Unfortunately, Krugman is not alone. The idea that natural disasters, man-made disasters, or even alien-made disasters, are "good for the economy" is one of the oldest and most persistent fallacies in economics.
A hundred years before Superman was created, a Frenchman named Frederic Bastiat explained the problem with thinking that destruction is an economic good. Economist Art Carden explains Bastiat's reasoning:
Robert Murphy, an adjunct scholar of the Mises Institute, also notes there are two important elements in Bastiat's analysis:
1. an assumption about what we now call "crowding out" or, what is the same thing, denying that there are "idle resources," and
2. the distinction between wealth and employment.
While Carden and Murphy provide sophisticated economic reasons why we should not believe destruction is good for humanity, there is a simpler explanation that should appeal to Christians: It contradicts God's creational mandate. As Anne Bradley explains,
God has not just called us to preserve what he has given us, but to increase and grow it. Our job description as given in Genesis 2 is to:
- Be fruitful and multiply.
- Create rather than destroy.
The Christian approach to economic growth — which can lead to human flourishing — is to be innovative, productive, creative, and a responsible steward of resources. While it's commendable to try to find a silver-lining after a disaster, we shouldn't be deceived. Whether the broken windows are caused by a hurricane, a baseball, or aliens from Krypton, the destruction only makes humanity poorer.
 - Josh Lowery
 Not sure if there's a column to written about this or not, but I'll put it out there. I see Bastiat's logic here (and agree with it), and I also incline toward Amity Shlaes' contention in "The Forgotten Man" (which is made elsewhere by myriad conservative economists) that it was WWII that got us out of the Depression, not the New Deal. On the surface, it seems like Bastiat would disagree with Shlaes, but I'm assuming that I must be misunderstanding something about one of them. Can someone enlighten me?
 - Stephen Martin
 Here's an article addressing that question, josh.
 - Dan Sullivan
 World War II was a *lot* of broken windows. The problem is that enforced idleness diminishes wealth just as much as destruction does. If labor were not walled off from natural oppoftunities, people would freely produce for themselves, and a people who tried to give them "jobs" would find few people wanting job.
 The United States and its predecessor colonies were like that in early times, and people who wanted to be served called it "a labor shortage."
 The natural ratio of producers to consumers is two hands per mouth.
 - RogerMcKinney
 That's a very poor understanding of economics. A "producer" with no capital but his "two hands" cannot produce enough to even support himself, let alone a family. Production has always and everywhere required capital, if nothing more than a stick to plow the ground and savings to keep the farmer alive until the harvest.
 There was no "forced" idleness in the Great Depression. The previous boom had caused a great deal of bad investment that caused massive amounts of capital needed for production to become worthless. When capital is destroyed, workers who depended upon it for jobs lose those jobs.
 WWII did not rebuild that capital. Only savings can do that. WWII just destroyed even greater amounts of capital.
 - Dan Sullivan
 You seem to have bought into Marx's definition of capital, which confounds land with capital. To the classical liberals, capital was products of labor used to aid future production, and land was all of nature. A person with land and no capital might have no idleness, he has the means to produce wealth for himself.
 As for the ad hominem comment about my "very poor understanding of economics," I will let the real estate editor of *Fortune* respond:
 "Sullivan has made several studies of the financial impact of higher land taxes on property owners, and speaks at meetings of Pittsburgh neighborhood and business groups to spread the incentive-tax doctrine. Such efforts are crucial. Few people, even among public officials and real estate executives, understand the nature of the tax and its economic ripples."
 Now, on to "There was no forced idleness in the great depression." Seriously? There was no vacant land where people would gladly work, held by someone who wasn't using it, but merely holding it to prevent others from using it unless they paid tribute to him? Nobody chasing them away from these natural opportunities at gunpoint?
 You also use the faulty Marxist definition of capital from that point on. Your "faulty investments" were really not investments but acquisitions, and usually acquisitions of land or of stocks companies that were acquiring land and other privileges. The "capital" that was "destroyed" was not capital at all, but real estate prices, and what was destroyed was the private ownership of homes and productive businesses by the residents and producers.
 "Only savings can" "build capital." No, the savings to which you refer is the saving of money, which is not wealth or capital, but merely a claim to wealth and capital. Real capital is created when people go to work and make it.
 Real estate prices peaked in 1925 and in 2005. Real estate prices always peak a few years before a recession, and they are always worst in the places that have the lowest taxes on real estate.
 - Bill Hickman
 Joe –
 You don't understand PK's point. He's not arguing for the actual destruction of wealth. See where he calls for a ***fake*** alien invasion? It's a cheeky point to illustrate his belief that extra spending, for whatever purpose, would probably help the economy. So the broken windows fallacy doesn't apply.
 - Joe Carter
 While Krugman has argued more clearly in favor of the broken window fallacy ("And yes, this does mean that the nuclear catastrophe could end up being expansionary, if not for Japan then at least for the world as a whole." I think his "alien invasion" theory is a complementary example.
 Keep in mind that the purpose of preparing for a fake alien invasion is to spend resources on something *that is not needed.* It would be similar to pretending a window is broken so we can replace the window and justify employing the glazier. In many ways, it's a even sillier commitment to the broken window fallacy (at least a broken window actually needs to be replaced).
 - Guest
 Are you rejecting my comment?
 - Pingback: Weekly Roundup: Same Sex Marriage And Superman | the PUBLIC HOUSE()
 - Dan Sullivan
 Hmm, My comment seems to have been removed without explanation.
 - Harold Kyriazi
 Tell me about it! I've tried posting twice, with no apparent luck, Maybe the site is moderated?
 - Harold Kyriazi
 Neolibertarians generally think that such wealth destruction must, under any and all circumstances, be viewed as an unmitigated harm, failing to understand that if some people are cut off from the earth and thus from natural opportunity, they might benefit by being offered jobs and thus a share of the wealth that those wages buy.
 - RogerMcKinney
 Wealth destruction is not an unmitigated disaster? That's very odd. But what you are saying is that some workers are made better off if the rich are made poorer and Bastiat would completely agree. In fact he states that in his analogy. The worker who repairs the broken window is richer, but at the expense of the worker who would have received the savings of the window owner for other work. So when the property of the rich gets destroyed, the rich man is poorer while the repairman is wealthier, but the other poor worker who would have received the savings of the rich had not the destruction occurred is also poorer.
 - Dan Sullivan
 It isn't


text:
Quality Control/Inspection—Upper Stillwater Damby Timothy P. Dolen, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO, USA,
Alan T. Richardson, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO, USA,
William R. White, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO, USA,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Abstract: Roller compacted concrete construction, or RCC, is a relatively new method of constructing concrete dams and involves placing and spreading no-slump concrete in horizontal layers and compacting with a smooth-drum, vibratory roller. Upper Stillwater Dam, designed by the Bureau of Reclamation, is the world's largest RCC dam. The dam has a height of 290 ft (88 m), length of 2700 ft (823 m), and volume of RCC of 1. 47 million yd**3 (1. 12 million m**3). RCC was placed within horizontally slipformed curbs placed on the upstream and downstream faces of the dam. The concrete quality control and inspection program was developed specifically for the project to accommodate the new methods of construction and procedures for testing RCC. Test results show that quality of RCC is similar to that of conventionally placed mass concrete.
Subject Headings: Concrete dams | Roller-compacted concrete | Compaction (material) | Construction methods | Concrete construction | Quality control | Infrastructure construction | Rivers and streams
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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text:
This little artifact proved to me the value of "accidental research." During cataloging, I was initially stumped by this thin, vaguely round bit of lead. I haltingly classified it as an "unidentified metal object," but was haunted by the two identical, perfectly central holes. I knew it had to be something. Later, while examining some photographs of 18th-century marbles in a book on Revolutionary War artifacts, I came across images of a whirligig, and had my answer!
So, what is all the buzz about?
The item pictured here is a whirligig, also known as a buzz disc, buzzer, or whizzer. A whirligig is a simple toy consisting of a flat disc with two central holes. When a string is threaded through the holes, twisted, then pulled taut, the disc spins and hums. The whirligig dates back thousands of years; Native American cultures used a piece of clay or bone as early as 500 BC, and lead whirligigs have been recovered from medieval sites in London. They were popular in America from colonial times through the 19th century. The lead whirligigs found on American archeological sites – like this one from Petersburg National Battlefield – were likely crafted from musket balls, coins, or buttons.
UK Detector Finds Database
Collectors' Guide to the American Revolution


based macro system, low-level macro systems have also been proposed and implemented for Scheme. Syntax-case is one such system. Unlike syntax-rules, syntax-case contains both a pattern matching language and a low-level facility for writing macros. The former allows macros to be written declaratively, while the latter allows the implementation of alternative frontends for writing macros. The swap example from before is nearly identical in syntax-case because the pattern matching language is similar:
(define-syntax swap!
 (lambda (stx)
 (syntax-case stx ()
 ((_ a b)
 (let ((temp a))
 (set! a b)
 (set! b temp)))))))
However, syntax-case is more powerful than syntax-rules. For example, syntax-case macros can specify side-conditions on its pattern matching rules via arbitrary Scheme functions. Alternatively, a macro writer can choose not to use the pattern matching frontend and manipulate the syntax directly. Using the datum->syntax function, syntax-case macros can also intentionally capture identifiers, thus breaking hygiene. The R6RS Scheme standard adopted the syntax-case macro system.[8]
Syntactic closures and explicit renaming[9] are two other alternative macro systems. Both systems are lower-level than syntax-rules and leave the enforcement of hygiene to the macro writer. This differs from both syntax-rules and syntax-case, which automatically enforce hygiene by default. The swap examples from above are shown here using a syntactic closure and explicit renaming implementation respectively:
;; syntactic closures
(define-syntax swap!
 (lambda (form environment)
 (let ((a (close-syntax (cadr form) environment))
 (b (close-syntax (caddr form) environment)))
 '(let ((temp,a))
 (set!,a,b)
 (set!,b temp))))))
;; explicit renaming
(define-syntax swap!
 (lambda (form rename compare)
 (let ((a (cadr form))
 (b (caddr form))
 (temp (rename 'temp)))
 '(,(rename 'let) ((,temp,a))
 (,(rename'set!),a,b)
 (,(rename'set!),b,temp))))))
Languages with hygienic macro systems[edit]
 - Scheme - syntax-rules, syntax-case, syntactic closures, and others.
 - Racket - an offshoot of Scheme. Its macro system was originally based on syntax-case, but now has more features.
 - Nemerle[10]
 - Dylan
 - Elixir[11]
 - Nim
 - Rust
 - Mary2 - scoped macro bodies in an Algol68-derivitive language circa 1978
 - Julia[12]
 - Perl 6 - supports both hygienic and unhygienic macros[13]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b Richard Kelsey; William Clinger; Jonathan Rees; et al. (August 1998). "Revised5 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme". Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation 11 (1): 7–105. doi:10.1023/A:1010051815785.
 2. ^ Feinberg, N.; Keene, S. E.; Matthews, R. O.; Withington, P. T. (1997), Dylan programming: an object-oriented and dynamic language, Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.
 3. ^ a b Kohlbecker, E.; Friedman, D. P.; Felleisen, M.; Duba, B. (1986). "Hygienic Macro Expansion" (PDF). ACM conference on LISP and functional programming.
 4. ^ _URL_
 5. ^ Kohlbecker, E; Wand, M (1987). "Macro-by-example: Deriving syntactic transformations from their specifications". Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages.
 6. ^ Bawden, A; Rees, J (1988). "Syntactic closures". Lisp and Functional Programming.
 7. ^ Dybvig, K; Hieb, R; Bruggerman, C (1993). "Syntactic abstraction in Scheme" (PDF). Lisp and Symbolic Computation.
 8. ^ Sperber, Michael; Dybvig, R. Kent; Flatt, Matthew; Van Straaten, Anton; et al. (August 2007). "Revised6 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme (R6RS)". Scheme Steering Committee. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
 9. ^ Clinger, Will (1991). "Hygienic macros through explicit renaming". ACM SIGPLAN Lisp Pointers.
 10. ^ Skalski, K.; Moskal, M; Olszta, P, Metaprogramming in Nemerle (PDF)
 11. ^ _URL_ section 2.2 Macros hygiene.
 12. ^ _URL_
 13. ^ _URL_


This activity shows you how to create an application, configure its connection settings, create a resource access grant, and initiate an authorization request. After an access token is generated, it is used by a user to update a user attribute.
The following operations are supported by the PingOne APIs:
Workflow order of operations
To configure an application and initiate an authorization code flow, the following tasks must be completed successfully:
 1. Make a POST request to /environments/{{envID}}/applications to add a new application to the specified environment.
 2. Make a GET request to /environments/{{envID}}/applications/{{appID}}/secret to return the new application's secret attribute.
 3. Make a GET request to /environments/{{envID}}/resources to return a list of all resource entities associated with the specified environment to get the ID for the PingOne platform resource.
 4. Make a GET request to /environments/{{envID}}/resources/{{resourceID}}/scopes to list all scopes associated with a specified resource (the PingOne platform resource).
 5. Make a POST request to /environments/{{envID}}/applications/{{appID}}/grants to create a new resource access grant for the application.
 6. Make a POST request to /{{envID}}/as/authorize to obtain an authorization grant. This request starts the authorization flow.
 7. To initiate the authentication flow, make a GET request to GET /{{envID}}/flows/{{flowID}}.
 8. To complete the authentication flow, make a POST request to GET /{{envID}}/flows/{{flowID}} and provide the user's login credentials.
 9. Make a GET request to /{{envID}}/as/resume?flowId={{flowID}} to call the resume endpoint and return the token.
 10. After the authorization flow completes and returns an auth code, make a POST request to /{{envID}}/as/token to exchange the auth code for an access token.
Click the Run in Postman button below to download the Postman collection for this use case.
Run in Postman


How to Query into RDS MySQL Using AWS Lambda
Lab Details
 1. This lab walks you through the creation of an RDS MySQL Database, creating a table and inserting some values using MySQL Workbench. Now we will create a Lambda function and write MySQL queries to read and write data into the database.
 2. Duration: 60 minutes
 3. AWS Region: US East (N. Virginia)
 1. For testing this lab, it is necessary to download the MySql GUI Tool, To download it, go to the Download MySQL Workbench page. Based on your OS, select the respective option under Generally Available (GA) Releases. Download and Install.
Task Details
 1. Login to AWS Management Console
 2. Create a security group for RDS Instance
 3. Create an IAM Role
 4. Create RDS Database Instance
 5. Connect to the RDS instance using MySQL Workbench
 6. Create a Lambda function
 7. View the Table data in Lambda
 8. Insert values to RDS from Lambda
Architecture Diagram
Step 1 : Login to My-Account


text:
The Star SEC Calculator App – the first step on the temperature controlled storage journey to Net Zero
Group Sales & Marketing Director
Temperature Controlled Storage & Distribution
Group Sales & Marketing Director
Temperature Controlled Storage & Distribution
Star Refrigeration free Specific Energy Consumption benchmarking app (SEC Calculator App) launched recently, amidst the build-up to COP26 and much conversation around the need for businesses to meet Climate Change commitments and start on the route to Net Zero.
It feels important to mention the energy climate in which the App launches because there can be the impression gained that the climate emergency is so dire, it's going to take some awesomely complicated technology to sort it all out. And what can one business do in the face of such depressing statistics and urgent deadlines?
The cooling industry currently accounts for around 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is warning that without radical changes, cooling industry HFC emissions are projected to reach 20% of CO2 output in 2050.
UNEP's Emissions Gap Report 2021 shows that new national climate pledges, combined with other mitigation measures, still put the world on track for a global temperature rise of 2.7 degrees Centigrade by the end of the century. That is well above the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, and would lead to catastrophic changes in the Earth's climate.
It's easy to read statistics and reports such as these and feel that the challenge is insurmountable.
And that, as Professor Katharine Hayhoe (Chief Scientist at The Nature Conservancy) has pointed out, is the exact problem.
"The no. 1 thing that we are missing is a sense of efficacy," she commented recently at Yahoo Finance's All Markets Summit. "We don't think that anything we do will make a difference. But the world has changed before. And when it changed, it was when individual people used their voices to talk about how the world could be different."
Obviously we are not suggesting that the SEC Calculator App is about to bring about a different world or some sort of climate revolution. And that is the point. It is the small, incremental changes that businesses and individuals make, continuously over a period of time, that will take us on the journey to Net Zero over the next 30 years.
Specific Energy Consumption Benchmarking App
The SEC Calculator App allows temperature controlled storage facility owners to compare their sites' energy performance against industry Best Practice, and predicts potential energy and CO2 savings. Using it is a simple way of starting the Net Zero journey.
Once the app is downloaded, all that's required is for the user to input the store type (freezer, chill or mixed) annual energy consumption and the volume. There is also the option to input the price paid per unit of electricity.
The SEC calculator then shows how a plant compares against other sites across the UK and Europe, and what sort of energy, CO2 emission and cost savings are possible by improving the energy efficiency of the site.
The app was a response to recognising that operators needed a metric for which they could understand how well their facility was performing. It uses the method developed by ETSU (Energy Technology Support Unit) in the UK, which reports the energy in kWh of electrical input to the site per annum, divided by the cubic volume of the refrigerated space. This is known as 'Specific Energy Consumption'.
Using Specific Energy Consumption allows cold chain businesses to compare and benchmark their energy consumption to industry standards – seeing at a glance how their facility compares to other refrigeration plants and UK best practice.
The SEC Calculator App means that through benchmarking businesses can start to understand what good looks like – taking ownership of their energy use whether good, bad or indifferent.
Variations in cold store efficiency
Since the introduction of the Climate Change Agreement (CCA), the cold chain industry has performed well as a whole at reducing energy use. 2018, for example, showed a 16% year-on-year improvement compared to 2017. The CCA target for that period was just 9.6%, demonstrating how impressively the industry performed.
However, although this 'big picture' for the industry as a whole looks good, the fact is that not all its component parts are pulling in the same direction. 55% of the units surveyed in that 2017/18 period exceeded their objectives, contributing to the strong overall performance. At the same time, the same study revealed that 45% of businesses did not achieve their goals, highlighting how much more work lies ahead in reaching a net zero future.
Using the SEC Calculator App lets you know whereabouts your store sits on this sliding scale. This is the first step, which consequently allows businesses to act upon that knowledge and take the next steps to cut running costs, along with reducing their carbon footprint.
Measuring a store's performance using a smart data monitoring system such as Ethos is the second step on the road to Net Zero.
In temperature controlled storage settings it has often been difficult to assess the effectiveness of improvement initiatives due to the large daily variations in system load and weather conditions. This is one of the reasons why there has previously been a lack of uptake on new monitoring and control technologies. Without a universally recognised definition of store efficiency, it is difficult to know how effective they are.
The ability to comprehensively measure store efficiency can be achieved through a performance optimisation service, such as Ethos. This data-led system measures the performance of facilities by collecting data from refrigeration plants in real time, and comparing actual operating performance with a computer model of theoretical performance (the 'digital twin').
The smart monitoring this provides highlights any energy gap and enables the team at SDA (Star Data Analytics) to identify problems and suggest corrective actions, ensuring that systems operate in an optimised manner. Owners and operators of cold storage facilities will therefore be able to take the smart route to reducing energy usage and meeting environmental goals.
Assess Opportunities for Improvement
The third step is to use the knowledge you have gained so far to assess opportunities for improvement.
Smart data monitoring technology is able to find hidden energy saving optimisations even on well-maintained plants. Quick wins can be plant related including fixing damaged or underperforming components or tweaking control setpoints. Some might be operational related issues such as improved door control or repairing damaged dock doors. Other changes can be integrated with current maintenance activity or made through already planned capital investment, such as control upgrades and component overhauls.
These savings and changes were identified using real time data analysis to measure and compare each plant with the original design expectations. Data from over 50 live installations indicates that this saves the plant between 10% and 30% of annual running costs, helping to move operators along the road to Net Zero. An example of a recent project in which Star's perfomance optimisation system, Ethos, was used to save Asda 5GWh on energy costs and 1,100 tonnes of CO2 emissions can be found here.
Systems such as Ethos allows temperature controlled facility operators to assess the financial effectiveness of performing maintenance on industrial refrigeration systems – enabling a payback against the cost of conducting the maintenance to be calculated.
Reduce Energy Consumption, Increase Reliability and Remain Compliant
The fourth step along this roadmap to Net Zero is to begin and continue reducing energy consumption – at the same time as increasing reliability and remaining compliant with legislation.
Implementing recommendations from a data monitoring and performance optimisation programme can help you to meet your Climate Change Agreement (CCA) targets by reducing running costs. This can ensure that your facility receives a 92% reduction on the Climate Change Levy.
Comparing an average cold store energy consumption of 50kWh/m3/yr from the European ICE project (Evans et al, 2013) with that of best practice 10kWh/m3/yr (Pearson 2019) shows that there can often be a factor of 5 between the average cold store energy use and best practice. Given the rocketing price of energy, it's clear that poor control of energy use can make the difference between profit and loss for an organisation – and between meeting your CCA targets, and not.
The backdrop of COP26 implies that large action is required – and indeed on some level it is. However, it is also all the small actions that add up to the sum of the whole. For example, one of the benefits of using monitoring technology is that it gives the store operator confidence in the reliability of the operation. This means that they can take supposedly small (but actually highly significant) actions such as raising the temperature setpoint of the facility. Sometimes temperature targets are set lower than necessary in order to provide a perceived buffer against unreliable operation. When this is no longer necessary, further emissions and cost savings can be made.
Having robust planned preventative maintenance will also help to ensure reliability and avoid unexpected costs for repair and downtime. This should include future planning in terms of capital expenditure of overhauls, repairs and replacement.
From PSII inspections to ammonia hazard assessments, it's important to know that your equipment is safe to operate and in line with current requirements. Failure to do so could put staff and contractors at risk in terms of health and safety and ultimately be a risk to your company's future existence.
Final step: Track Progress and Continuous Improvement
Taking the initial action of benchmarking using the SEC Calculator App, followed by performance optimisation, assessing areas for improvement and making energy reductions, all add up to robust action for yourself as a business and the planet as a whole.
The effects of any improvements should be continuously monitored, ensuring you are in the best position possible to meet or exceed 2050 Net Zero


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What is the source for the custom that Yemenite Jews people count Sefira in Aramaic? and why do they do it?
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Otzar Ta'amei Haminhagim (cf.) explains that it is a remnant of a time when the spoken language was Aramaic. Since the primary purpose of s'fira is the keeping track of days it is preferable to count in a language that enables the counter to keep track - i.e. a language the counter understands.
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Which leaves the question why we do not – SimchasTorah Apr 29 '11 at 2:54
_USER_ - Because the spoken language for (most of) us is not Aramaic. I have a friend (who is neither a Yemenite nor is Aramaic his mother tongue) who counts Sefirah in English. – Adam Mosheh Jun 10 '12 at 21:36
_USER_ My rule has always been, if you have to read the night's count inside because you can't in your head smoothly figure out what to say in Hebrew, you should just be counting in English. – Double AA Mar 6 '13 at 6:59
They preserve the Babylonian custom, where the native tongue of most people was Aramaic. The earliest attestation of saying the sefira in Aramaic of which I am aware is in the siddur of R. Saadia Gaon (see here, bottom of the page).
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Posted by Boniface Okoro, Umuahia | 2 March 2016 | 3,333 times
The Abia State Government has vowed to tackle the issue of flooding in Aba to guarantee durability of roads in the commercial city.
The State Governor, Dr. Okezie Ikpeazu, raised the hope of residents of Aba of a flood-free city when he went to inspect the progress of rehabilitation work on some roads in the city yesterday. He promised that his administration would soon construct a six-kilometre canal for channeling of water from the Ifeobara Pond to Aba River (popularly known as Aba Waterside).
According to the governor, the ongoing dredging of Waterside River and massive construction of drainage system in Aba are geared towards enhancing easy flow of water in Aba.
He said that government is working hard to recover the natural water basin around Ifeobara which links roads such as Old Express, Ukwu Mango axis of Faulks road, Omuma, Port Harcourt and Uratta roads, which are strategic to Aba.
"Part of what we have up our sleeves is to recover the entire catchment natural water basin in that area, which from what we saw, has been taken up by illegal structures, some, high rise buildings," the governor said.
"This is my way of confirming the fact that going forward, any structure that we find within the vicinity of those basins – Ifeobara and the one around Uratta – will go down. Part of our plan is to see if we can convert it to a fish pond and then give right of way naturally to water to flow into the natural basins that nature have designed as it were," he added.
Ikpeazu explained why serious attention is being given to Ngwa Road in the commercial city.
"Ngwa Road is very, very important because we have three very strategic markets on this road. We have the New Market, Cemetery and the one at the bridge head. Ngwa Road runs the entire breadth of Aba, from Port Harcourt Road. So, if we are to recover Ngwa Road properly, it means that somebody can access Ogbor Hill from the city centre and even from Port Harcourt," he said.
He said that the state would carry out palliative work on Port Harcourt Road, though a federal road, because of its importance.
The governor, who expressed satisfaction with the pace and quality of work done by the contractors so far, said that the volume of work done by his administration shows that it has the capacity to manage resources. He called on Abians and Aba residents, in particular, to pay their taxes to enable government to do more.
The roads inspected by the governor during the visit include Urata, Omuma, Old Express, Ngwa Road, Emelogu, Ehere, among others.
-Photo shows Governor Ikpeazu flagging off work on a road project in Aba.
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1st Edition
Thinking on Housing
Words, Memories, Use
ISBN 9781138293847
Published February 22, 2017 by Routledge
74 Pages
USD $66.95
Prices & shipping based on shipping country
Book Description
If we do stop to think on housing, what do we see? What is housing and what does it do? These seem deceptively simple questions, but they are often left unanswered. The reason for this is that a lot of discourse on housing is really a concern for policy-making and the critical evaluation of existing policies. Discourse, is not, properly speaking, on housing at all. It is concerned with provision, distribution and access, but this thinking on housing stops at the front door. It is only concerned with what is actually external to housing.
But for most people, housing already exists and they have access to it. Housing is not then about policy, but about how we can use what is a complex object in a manner that allows us to live well. Housing, for most of us, is about what we do when the front door is firmly shut and we are free from the external world.
These essays explore this idea of housing as an object that exists for use. Housing is pictured as an object that contains activity. These pieces look at what we do with housing once we have it and so provides a necessary underpinning for any understanding of why housing is important.
A further purpose of these pieces is to present different ways of thinking and writing on housing. It is an attempt to show that housing is a suitable topic for philosophical discourse. It is suggested that we can and should seek to establish a philosophy of housing, rather than just relying on the traditional social sciences.
Table of Contents
1. Thinking on housing
2. Housing is
3. Care-full use
4. Misuse
5. The consequences of use
6. What housing does
A note on sources
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Peter King is a writer and thinker on housing issues. He has consistently used philosophical concepts to draw out the meaning of housing. He is the author of 20 books including A Social Philosophy of Housing (2003), Private Dwelling (2004) and The Principles of Housing (2016). Peter is currently Reader in Social Thought at De Montfort University.


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Wind load is a control load that affects the safety of structures in the design of ocean platforms. It has not only direct and powerful effects that may cause structure resonance but also has indirect effects causing waves or currents in the ocean. By analyzing the domestic and international norms, this study presents a review of calculation methods of wind load on ocean platforms, which
A Step-by-Step Guide to the WISHA Lifting CalculatorA Lifting Index (LI) is calculated to provide a relative estimate of the level of physical stress and MSD risk associated with the manual lifting tasks evaluated. A Lifting Index value of 1.0 or less indicates a nominal risk to healthy employees.
Always consider the sling angles when making a lift. The angle of the sling can reduce the capacity of all the rigging due to sling tension. As an example, a horizontal sling angle of 30° will increase the tension factor by 2 times therefore doubling the weight felt by the sling and all related rigging.
Calculating cargo lift price, calculate lift - LIFTPROM LLCPlease indicate the cargo lift specifications you know for calculating lift. Please fill in all required information to calculate lift price. Please note! Cargo lifts are not designed for transporting people:Catalog. Mini cargo lift ; Vertical wheelchair lift & platform elevator for disabled
Calculation Method of Load Distribution for Two-crane Jul 27, 2018 · Calculation Method of Load Distribution for Two-crane Cooperative Lift. Abstract:Cooperative lifting by two cranes is widely used in the current construction site. Since the influence of changeable load in the cooperative lifting process, it is essential to take the load distribution into consideration while planning the lifting path to ensure the safety of the whole lifting process.
Lifting Lug subjected to a load with given slop e Lug with an applied force having an assigned sloped angle and eccentricity with respect to the hole. The verifications of the previous case are repeated with the additional verifications of the connected bottom section to the bending effect produced by the eccentricity of the force.
Experimental study and field application of appropriate Sep 01, 2018 · In well gas lift design, Beggs & Brill revised method is used for hydraulic calculation of pipeline flow due to low errors. 4.5 . Calculation of the volume of gas lift in the designing processes
Lift Rigging Calculator (incl. tilt) 2, 3 & 4 Leg CalQlataThe cross sectional area (A) of the lift wire (including gaps) = 0.00018m². The maximum static tension (T) in the lift leg under consideration is 2,750N. The extension (d) in the lift leg at the applied load is calculated thus:d = T.L ÷ A.E (from; E = /e) = 2750 x 2.7 / 0.00018 / 2.7E+10 = 0.00156m.
Jun 29, 2019 · Calculate divided load on each leg:Total load ( Tons) ÷ legs () = ( Tons) If a qualified rigger or rigging specialist ensures that the load is evenly distributed, the full. use of all the legs is allowed after approval. 10.
Materials Handling - Lifting With Eye Bolts :OSH AnswersUse shoulder eye bolts for vertical or angle loading. Be aware that lifting eye bolts at an angle reduces the safe load. Follow the manufacturer's recommended method for angle loading. Use an eye bolt that is made of materials that can withstand the environment it is
Methods To Calculate The Weight Of A Load Before An Jun 18, 2019 · Methods To Calculate The Weight Of A Load Before An Overhead Lift Date :- June 18, 2019 Author :- Vidhya Patel Category :- EOT crane Determination of a load of a substance before lifting it using a crane is vital for the safety and security of operators and workers at the site and the lifting
Duration (Dur) Determine the lifting duration as classified into one of three categories:Enter 1 for short-duration, 2 for moderate-duration and 8 for long-duration as follows:1 = Short lifting 1 hour with recovery time 1.2 X work time 2 = Moderate lifting between 1 and 2 hours with


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SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR (part 2)
The steady-state characteristics of a synchronous motor represented by phasor diagrams are shown as function of the load P with the excitation voltage E kept constant.
The power expression is P = I V cos(φ) = E V sin(δ) / X. The basic phasor equation is V = E + jX I.
The locus of E is a portion of a circle of radius E centered at the origin of the complex plane.
The locus of I is also a circle of radius E/X centered on the imaginary axis at –V/X.
The power P versus the torque angle δ is also plotted.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


What Is FTP and How Can It Improve Your Workout
What Is FTP and How Can It Improve Your Workout
When it comes to building a killer exercise that truly works you out, it can be quite difficult to determine how hard you really need to go. This is because our body is shaped by individual lifestyle choices and adapts to the physical activity (and inactivity) that we exert upon it. That means simply choosing between an easy, intermediate, and hard workout can be a lot tougher to decide when everyone's body fitness is built so differently. That's where Functional Threshold Power (FTP) comes in!
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How FTP works
FTP is traditionally used in competitive sports to determine the theoretical maximum power a rider can sustain for one hour; this is useful in predicting the precise pedal power a rider has down to the wattage. The results can then be used to ramp up training effectiveness and intensity in a highly personalized manner.
FTP is such an effective measuring stick for training intensity that it has rapidly become the must-have smart feature among exercise bikes on the market today—and one of the reasons why our recently released smart bike comes with FTP assessment technologically baked in!
AI Gym App Power Zone
The RENPHO AI Smart Bike uses FTP to evaluate an individual's fitness level and then personalize courses and challenges that align to the tolerance threshold of each rider. The core purpose is to push people to their limits without breaking their will to succeed; this feature can be found by accessing Cycling Power Test in the AI Gym app.
How do I prepare for an FTP test like the one found in RENPHO AI Smart Bike?
It may sound like a daunting task, but FTP is nothing to fear. Just know that you're guaranteed break a sweat, so it's best to dress in comfy clothes and warm-up in preparation for an intense session.
The FTP test will last 10 to 15 minutes and the difficulty will increase every minute until you can no longer pedal any more. Various courses in the RENPHO AI Smart Bike AI Gym app are then automatically calibrated to your FTP result, so it is recommended to cycle as long as possible in order for each training course to be calibrated correctly to your fitness level.
What if I get too tired to pedal for 10 to 15 minutes?
The FTP test ends when the rider can no longer pedal anymore. The test is designed to push the fitness of each rider by increasing the pedal resistance each minute until the rider can no longer continue. This is intended to stress the body and assess how effective it is at withstanding fatigue by adapting to dramatic leaps in weight resistance.
We use FTP to accurately understand a person's fitness threshold so that the AI courses can learn and adjust to your upper limit without ever pushing you beyond what cannot be achieved. Our belief is that the most effective workout regime is not the one that breaks you and leaves you tired for days. Instead, the aim is to provide a reasonable challenge that allows your body to recover faster from fatigue and adapt to a new threshold of strength that is much higher than before.
AI Gym App Power Courses
Should I take multiple FTP tests to get an accurate reading?
One FTP test is enough to calibrate the courses found within the AI Gym app. We do however recommend performing a new FTP test every 4-6 weeks to check your power increase and benchmark the leaps in improvement made after attempting several AI personalized courses.
Is an FTP personalized workout suitable for me?
The RENPHO AI Smart Bike embraces the philosophy of scientific fitness which is why it uses FTP to customize the difficulty of training courses to each rider's physical performance. This differs from traditional exercise bikes on the market which provide a variety of training resistance difficulty levels without taking the individual rider's fitness into consideration. Therefore, FTP personalized workouts are effective and suitable for those above the age of 14 and should be an option to consider when looking for an active cardio workout from home.


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Major grant for new beamline to enable technology testing for space.
Australia's spacecraft and satellites will better survive damaging radiation and extreme conditions thanks to a $2.5 million grant, for space science to be led by the Australian National University (ANU).
The grant creates a national network of space testing facilities and brings Australia into an elite group of countries with this kind of advanced capability.
Director of ANU Institute for Space Professor Anna Moore said the new funding and upgraded facilities would help "launch Australia's burgeoning space industry to another level".
"Australia's space industry is growing. Upgraded facilities will mean we can make sure the payloads we send into space, including satellites and spacecraft, are able to survive before they blast off," she said.
Damage to components caused by the intense radiation in space is a major risk factor for space missions.
A large part of the funding will go to the Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) at ANU, allowing extreme radiation testing of components destined for space, like electronics, sensors and solar cells.
The funding will enable the creation of a new beamline, in which technology can be subjected to radiation similar to what it would experience in space.
It will offer a wide range of ion beams ranging from protons – the main component of the solar wind – up to heavy ions. Although rarer than protons, heavy ions have the potential to do much more damage to electronics.
The new beam line may also open many other possibilities beyond testing components destined for space, including in space medicine, cancer research, and cutting-edge radiation detection.
Professor Mahananda Dasgupta, director of the ANU Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility said the sovereign capability for ion-beam testing that the accelerator provides is unique.
"This $100M facility is the highest energy ion accelerator in Australia, and will act as a springboard to propel the Australian space industry to the next level."
"The aim is to deliver accelerated ions ranging from a few hundred per second up to a thousand billion per second, with velocities up to 20% of the speed of light.
"The entirely new beam line will be built within a year," she said.


Developer Console
Device Filtering and Compatibility
When you submit your APK into the Amazon Appstore, the attributes in your app manifest and build.gradle files determine what devices your app can be installed on. Incompatibilities between these files and a device's capabilities will prevent your APK file from being supported on that device. The sections that follow explain some of the filters that influence support for devices. You can also manually adjust the list of supported devices in the developer console.
Background Knowledge
Because Amazon's Fire OS is based on Android, Amazon tries to maintain as much parity with Android as possible. Because of this, the documentation here doesn't duplicate the information in the Android documentation; instead, it covers how Amazon and Fire OS differ. For a better understanding of the concepts here, consult these foundational Android documentation topics:
Key Terms Related to Device Filtering
The following are common terms used with device filtering in app submission.
For a more comprehensive glossary, see the App Submission Glossary.
Device Compatibility Determined by Your APK's Manifest
As with standard Android practices, the attributes in your APK's manifest and build.gradle files determine which devices are compatible with your app. For example:
 - If you set minSdkVersion=4 and smallScreens=false in the app manifest, the Amazon Appstore prevents the app from being installed on any device that doesn't support those requirements.
 - If your manifest declares a requirement for a camera feature (), any device that does not have a camera won't be compatible. Customers with incompatible devices will not see the app as available to be installed.
Using the filters in your APK's manifest, Amazon Appstore checks the hardware and software requirements for the customer's device as well as the carrier, location, and other characteristics. Amazon also looks at the geographic location availability requirements as specified in your app's metadata (which you select when publishing your app). If your app is compatible with the device according to the filter rules, your app is made available to the customer. If the app is incompatible, your app is hidden from search results and category browsing for that customer's device.
The following table shows examples of filters:
Filter Type Example
Filtering based on device compatibility If you state in the app manifest that the app requires GPS, the Amazon Appstore does not show the app to devices that do not have a GPS.
Filtering based on app availability If you state in the developer portal that your app should only be available in North America, the Amazon Appstore does not show the app to devices outside North America.
For a full list of supported manifest filters, see Manifest Filters Supported by the Amazon Appstore.
Support on Non-Amazon Devices
In addition to supporting Amazon devices, the Amazon Appstore supports non-Amazon devices as well. Your manifest and build.gradle file determine the filtering logic and device support on these devices as well.
To install Amazon apps on non-Amazon devices, customers do so through the Amazon Appstore for Android app. Customers might install your Amazon app on a non-Amazon device if they already purchased the app from Amazon Appstore and don't want to buy it again from Google Play, or if they have coins or subscriptions they purchased from Amazon and want to use them in the same app on other devices, such as Android tablets.
Fire OS and Android API Levels
Fire devices use Fire OS as the operating system. Since Fire OS is a custom version of Android, each Fire OS version corresponds to an Android API level. The first step in creating your app manifest is to specify the proper Android API level in the android:minSdkVersion attribute for the Fire devices you intend to target. For example, to target all 2013 and newer tablets, your manifest should contain an entry like this:
You can also set the Android API level using the android:targetSdkVersion attribute. The targetSdkVersion attribute designates a specific Android API level. To ensure that your apps run newer API levels with enhanced security and performance, Android enforces minimum API levels for targetSdkVersion. See Android documentation to learn more about minimum targetSdkVersion requirements.
As with Android devices, not all Fire devices have the same API level. For example, some Fire TV devices run on Fire OS 7 (based on Android API level 28), others run on Fire OS 6 (based on Android API level 25), and others run on Fire OS 5 (based on API level 22). Fire tablets have even more differences between API levels. See the following for specific API levels for different Fire devices:
Minimum API Levels for targetSdkVersion
Due to requirements from Android, on December 31, 2021, Amazon will enforce the following Android API level requirements for targetSdkVersion on Fire OS 6 and 7:
Fire OS Version Minimum API Level
Fire OS 6 25
Fire OS 7 28
You cannot submit new apps or update existing apps that do not meet the minimum API levels for targetSdkVersion on or after December 31, 2021. Any existing apps submitted to the Appstore will continue to work and be available for your customers.
See Fire OS documentation to learn more about setting minimum API levels:
Backwards and Forwards Compatibility Across API Levels
Android APIs are usually backwards compatible, meaning a device that supports Android Level 28 will support Levels 1 through 27. However, Android APIs are not forwards compatible, meaning Level 27 will not necessarily support all the functionality introduced in Level 28. As such, some features available in Fire OS 7 might not be supported in Fire OS 6. Some features in Fire OS 6 might not be supported on Fire OS 5, and so on. See the following for special considerations about how to develop for Fire OS 6 and Fire OS 7:
Evolving API Levels
Some Android API levels for devices change over time as Fire OS updates are deployed. For example, some versions of Fire tablets were initially released with Fire OS 6, but they were upleveled to Fire OS 7 later on through an over-the-air ("OTA") update process.
If your APK is compatible with multiple versions of Fire OS, in the element in your manifest, set your minSdkVersion to the lowest API level your device supports in order to ensure maximum compatibility with devices. If you set the minSdkVersion to 22, devices that support only level 19 and lower won't be compatible.
The Amazon Appstore also supports the android:maxSdkVersion attribute, which specifies the maximum allowed API level on the device. In most cases, use of this attribute is not needed unless there is a breaking incompatibility with a higher API level.
Common Hardware and Software Capabilities
After you specify the minSdkVersion, make sure your and elements are appropriate for the devices you want your app to be compatible with. Refer to specifications for Fire Tablets and Fire TV for specific hardware and software capabilities.
Be aware of implied (or unstated) feature requirements as well. As noted in the Android documentation, specifying for certain capabilities implies one or more elements, with android:required="true" assumed. Because the implied features are required, the APK will not be compatible with any device that does not provide those features, even if the app is designed to degrade gracefully when features aren't present.
To better understand implied features, consider this scenario. Your app uses the device's current location to find nearby gas stations. The app can get your current location from the device's GPS, but if GPS is not available, the user can input an address or location. To use the GPS, you should include this element in your manifest:
However, if you don't explicitly define the feature requirements, these elements are implicitly defined:
If you then provide this APK to the Amazon Appstore, only Fire tablets with built-in GPS capabilities (that is, with WAN, or wireless access networks) would be compatible. To be compatible with additional Fire devices, you should include these elements in your manifest but specify them as not required (provided your app functions correctly without GPS):
For a full list of permissions that cause implied features, see Permissions that Imply Feature Requests.
Device Filtering for Fire TV Devices
For Fire TV devices, the following manifest attribute identifies support for Fire TV:
This attribute indicates that the touchscreen feature is false. Fire TV devices do not support touchscreens and multi-touch capabilities, whereas phones and tablets do. As a result, you must declare this android.hardware.touchscreen attribute to be false for the Appstore to classify your app as compatible with Fire TV devices.
However, this classification isn't automatic. When you upload an APK designed for Fire TV devices, you must still manually select which devices your APK is compatible with in the developer console. See Adjust Device Support for your APK for details.
Device Filtering for Web Apps
Although device filtering based on your Android manifest is not available for web apps, you can still control the supported devices through a list of check boxes during the submission process. With web apps, even though you submit a URL to a website or upload a zip package with web files, the Amazon Appstore takes the web app and generates an Android app using a Cordova wrapper. This Cordova-packaged app is the an Android app that users download and install on their devices.
Web apps are compatible with all devices because in terms of Android APIs, they are very basic — there's one activity with a WebView into which web files or a URL is loaded, and the API level is set to 10 to gain the widest compatibility possible.


text: Quotestate matrix (\Phi ) has complex eigenvaluesAll my experience with physics-based models. I am sure the eigenvalues related to the stability of the system, but I do not know how.QuoteAlso the model does not work so well with high dimensions (22) but better with lower dimensions (7)In my experience, Kalman filters converge more slowly with higher dimensions. A statistically correct initialization can speed convergence, but unless all the state variables are observable, convergence will be slowed.Another important question: Is system model (Phi) and measurement model (H) linear? If one or both are non-linear, then the filter is no longer guaranteed to converge, and you can experience instabilities. Inflating Q can help combat this, but these types of filters may need more sophisticated equations (such as an Unscented Kalman filter or an Iterated Extended Kalman filter).Since you are working with matrices, there are some numerical methods that will help with stability.The first "trick is to use the Joseph form for updating the corrected covariance. This method ensures that the corrected covariance retains its symmetric positive-definite properties. The equations are:The next item is to use the Cholesky decomposition to factorize. Then use a linear system solver to compute the gain. This method should be more numerically stable than using the inverse and more computationally efficient.


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Wallace & Gromit teach kids about invention and intellectual property
17 May 2012
Wallace and Gromit, the world-famous characters developed by British studio Aardman Animation, are the stars of an interactive exhibition on innovation and intellectual property (IP) which opened at Scienceworks in Melbourne on 19 May.
Wallace & Gromit's World of Invention showcases innovation and creativity in everyday life, highlighting the important link between invention and IP protection.
Visitors walk through different rooms in Wallace and Gromit's "house", where they can view both real and imaginary innovations, learn about important Australian inventors and discover how IP rights work in practice. Visitors are also encouraged to get creative themselves with activities such as devising a smoothie recipe and logo, inventing household tools and singing their hearts out in the Karaoke Disco Shower.
We are the principal sponsor of the exhibition in Australia and have worked with Scienceworks to ensure that the exhibition contains strong and accurate IP messages that are relevant to an Australian audience.
We hope that the exhibition inspires a new generation of Australian inventors who understand IP rights and how to use them to protect their inventions.
The exhibition will be in Melbourne until 11 November 2012 and then move to the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney from 12 December 2012 until 26 May 2013. Tickets are $19 for adults, $7.50 for concession holders and $6 for children.
We will be organising a number of events, competitions and activities associated with the exhibition so keep an eye on out for details. You can visit the ScienceWorks' website for more information.
Last Updated: 29/11/2012


text:
The main goal of the KI-Campus project is to attract a wide range of interested parties in Germany and provide them with training in the area of AI. The use of the pilot online learning opportunities for AI is open to both students and lifelong learners. Therefore, as the project progresses a varied and high-quality academic portfolio will be established.
In the initial stage of the project, a digital learning platform ("KI-Campus"), specializing in the topic of AI, will be developed as a prototype. Various actors (universities, educational institutions, companies, etc.) are enabled to provide online learning opportunities on AI. While achieving the goal of strong networking, the need and acceptance of a nationwide platform will be clarified and long-term operating models developed.
In the sub-project "MOOC platform for the AI campus," HPI is transforming its existing and proven MOOC platform openHPI into an open source project. This includes the control and moderation of the developer community, as well as quality control of the code components contributed by the community. In addition, the HPI MOOC platform will be further developed for specific projects with a focus on AI-driven features and then, for example, be integrated with features such as chatbots, transcription, translations, and recommendations.
More information: _URL_


An A-Z Guide To The Search For Plato's Atlantis
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Meizon is given the sole meaning of 'greater' in the respected Greek Lexicon of Liddell & Scott. Furthermore, in Bury's translation of sections 20e -26a of Timaeus there are eleven instances of Plato using megas (great) meizon (greater) or megistos (greatest). In all cases great or greatest is employed except just one, 24e, which uses the comparative meizon, which Bury translated as 'larger'! J.Warren Wells concluded that Bury's translation in this single instance is inconsistent with his other treatments of the word and it does not fit comfortably with the context[787.85]. This inconsistency is difficult to accept, so although meizon can have a secondary meaning of 'larger' it is quite reasonable to assume that the primary meaning of 'greater' was intended.
*In 2006, on a now defunct website of his, Wells noted that Greater can mean larger, but this meaning is by no means the only possible meaning here; his overall usage of the word may show he meant greater in some other way."*
It is also worth considering that Alexander the Great, (Aléxandros ho Mégas) was so called, not because of his physical size, apparently he was short of stature, but because he was a powerful leader.
The word has entered Atlantis debates in relation to its use in Timaeus 24e ', where Plato describes Atlantis as 'greater' than Libya and Asia together and until recently has been most frequently interpreted to mean greater 'in size', an idea that I previously endorsed. However, some researchers have suggested that he intended to mean greater 'in power'.
Other commentators do not seem to be fully aware that 'Libya' and 'Asia' had completely different meanings at the time of Plato. 'Libya' referred to part or all of North Africa, west of Egypt, while 'Asia' was sometimes applied to Lydia, a small kingdom in what is today Turkey. Incidentally, Plato's statement also demonstrates that Atlantis could not have existed in either of these territories as 'a part cannot be greater than the whole.'
A more radical, but less credible, interpretation of Plato's use of 'meizon' came from the historian P.B.S. Andrews, who suggested that the quotation has been the result of a misreading of Solon's notes. He maintained that the text should be read as 'midway between Libya and Asia' since in the original Greek there is only a difference on one letter between the words for midway (meson) and larger than (meizon). This suggestion was supported by the classical scholar J.V. Luce and more recently on Marilyn Luongo's website(a). This interpretation is quite interesting, particularly if the Lydian explanation of 'Asia' mentioned above is correct. Viewed from either Athens or Egypt we find that Crete is located 'midway' between Lydia and Libya.
In relation to all this , Felice Vinci has explained that ancient mariners measured territory by the length of its coastal perimeter, a method that was in use up to the time of Columbus. This would imply that the island of Atlantis was relatively modest in extent – I would speculate somewhere between the size of Cyprus and Sardinia. An area of such an extent has never been known to have been destroyed by an earthquake.
Until the 21st century, it was thought by many that meizon must have referred to the physical size of Atlantis rather than its military power. However, having read a paper[750.173] delivered by Thorwald C. Franke to the 2008 Atlantis Conference, I was persuaded otherwise. His explanation is that "for Egyptians the world of their 'traditional' enemies was divided in two: To the west there were the Libyans, to the east there were the Asians. If an Egyptian scribe wanted to say, that an enemy was more dangerous than the 'usual' enemies, which was the case with the Sea Peoples' invasion, then he would have most probably said, that this enemy was "more powerful than Libya and Asia put together".
This is a far more elegant and credible explanation than any reference to physical size, which forced researchers to seek lost continental sized land masses and apparently justified the negativity of sceptics. Furthermore, it reinforces the Egyptian origin of the Atlantis story, demolishing any claim that Plato concocted the whole tale. If it had been invented by Plato he would probably have compared Atlantis to enemy territories nearer to home, such as the Persians.
This interpretation of meizon has now been 'adopted' by Frank Joseph in The Destruction of Atlantis[102.82], but without giving any due credit to Franke(b). No surprise there.!
(b) (offline Jan. 2018) See: Archive 2349


e-olymp
Competitions
July 12 - ADA Training
Circum Triangle
You will be given n distinct points on the boundary of a circle whose center is at the origin. As the points are on the same circle no three of them are collinear, so any three of them creates a valid triangle. Your job is to find the summation of areas of these prb1503 triangles.
Input
Input file contains at most 16 sets of inputs. Each set starts with two integers n (0n500) and r (0 < r100). Here n is the number of points and r is the radius of the circle. You can assume that the center of the circle is always at the origin. This line is followed by n lines each of which contains a floating-point number θ (0.0θ < 360.00) which actually denotes the angle in degree the designated point creates with respect to the origin with x-axis. So for example if θ is 30.00 degree then the Cartesian coordinate of the intended point is (rcos(30.00°), rsin(30.00°)). The last line contains n = r = 0 and is not processed.
Output
For each test case produce one line of output. This line contains an integer number which is the total area (rounded to nearest integer) of all possible triangles formed by the given n points. The judge data will be such that small precision errors will not cause the output to be different.
Time limit 1 second
Memory limit 64 MiB
Input example #1
5 10
10.00
100.00
300.00
310.00
320.00
3 20
10.00
100.00
300.00
0 0
Output example #1
286
320


text:
Unable to open command file "filename": [ec:OS error message]
Unable to open remote parse result file "filename": [ec:OS error message]
During a cluster build, Electric Make (eMake) is invoked on the cluster hosts when a submake is invoked by the build, and when makefiles are parsed to determine the work that needs to be done in the build. In either case, the eMake process on the cluster hosts communicates with the Electric Agent process by means of a file on disk containing the results of the cluster-side invocation. These error messages indicate that the cluster-side eMake process was unable to open that file. The OS error message provides the specific cause of the failure.
Because the error involves an external system in this context (the filesystem on the eMake host), the list of possible causes for this error is virtually limitless: a corrupted filesystem; hardware failure; insufficient permissions; and so on. Refer to the specific OS error message to determine the cause of the failure.
One common cause of this error on Unix systems is that the directory containing the file is not writable by the user running the build.
Remember that the path referenced in the error message is on a cluster host, not on the build host. You can reference the annotation file to determine the host where the error occurred.
The fix depends on the cause of the error.


The signifier is the pointing finger, the word, the sound-image.
A word is simply a jumble of letters. The pointing finger is not the star. It is in the interpretation of the signifier that meaning is created.
The signified is the concept, the meaning, the thing indicated by the signifier. It need not be a'real object' but is some referent to which the signifier refers.
The thing signified is created in the perceiver and is internal to them. Whilst we share concepts, we do so via signifiers.
Whilst the signifier is more stable, the signified varies between people and contexts.
The signified does stabilize with habit, as the signifier cues thoughts and images.
Using Format


text:
This plant has been grown in a laboratory and is sealed for freshness - it's also GUARANTEED to be free of all pests and algae.
Dwarf Amazon plant with deep green narrow leaves. Helanthium bolivianum propagates fast with new shoots and forms a tight group of plants in the aquarium. Also perfect for small aquariums due to the low height.
Note: the picture is an example of the species you will receive and whilst the pot size will always be the same, every plant is unique and natural which means they vary in shape and size.


text:
Proverbs in marriage: Counselling role and implications
The Akans of Ghana perceive marriage as an important ritual and an aspect of their socio-cultural life. Because of the importance attached to marriage and due to the fact that it is a preserve for the matured in society, the language used for its contraction is sophisticated and infused with proverbs. In recent times, the role of proverbs as a marriage-counselling tool has been overlooked in contemporary counselling. This paper, from a Pragmatic and Relevance Theory (RT) perspective, looked at the counselling role Akan proverbs play in marriage contraction. This descriptive qualitative study purposively selected proverbs in three episodes in different contexts of marriage contraction to see how they were used as counselling tools. The analysis of the data indicated that proverbs play a major counselling role in marriage. The counselling roles concentrated on themes like patience, co-operation, respect, sex, self-denial, hard work, faithfulness, loyalty, humility, child bearing and caring, and love. The implication is that contemporary professional marriage counsellors and priests should employ proverbs in their counselling sessions because proverbs portray what the Akan cherish as their worldview and an embodiment of their soul. This will ensure a clear understanding of the complexities of marriage.
Creative Commons License
Attribution-NoncommercialNoderivates 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0): The license allows others to "download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can't change them in any way or use them commercially" (Source: https:_URL_.
The copyright of all papers published in Legon Journal of the Humanities is vested in the journal. By agreeing to publish the accepted version of the paper in LJH, contributors automatically cede copyright of the manuscript to the journal. This notwithstanding, contributors may use parts of their published articles for non-commercial purposes, e.g., course material, conferences, and academic profile webpage.
Access and Attribution
While LJH published papers (new and archived) can be freely downloaded from its website in compliance with its gratis open access policy, hard copies of current and recent issues as well as offprints of specific papers can only be provided on demand.
Citation of a paper from LJH should include name of quoted author, journal title, volume, number, title of paper, page, year of publication, and Digital Object Identifier (DOI)/Uniform Resource Locator(URL).


text:
The binational migrant initiative was developed to enable those migrant students from Mexico that arrive in the United States, to have access to the same free, appropriate public school education that is provided to other children.
1560 Broadway, Suite 1450
Denver, CO 80202
- Ensure that all binational migrant students have continued access to Education in the U.S. and in Mexico.
- Advocate for and ensure that all binational migrant students have equitable opportunities to learn and meet the high educational standards expected of all students.
- Provide Educators with training, which will allow them to better serve the educational needs of binational migrant students.
- Provide support to parents and families of binational migrant students.
Components of the Binational Migrant Initiative
- Information and Dissemination
The goal of this component is design, develop, and disseminate information to enable educators to meet the educational needs of the binational migrant child, to help them Identify a pedagogical model that specifically addresses the instructional needs of the binational migrant child.
- Transfer Document: Elementary (1-6) Secondary (7-9)
The major focus of the Binational Initiative is to develop, revise and promote the use of the Transfer Document. The Document provides the student his/her grades so that he/she may enroll in school when he/she returns to Mexico. The students credits are accepted, thus, the student is placed appropriately. Parents need to notify the schools when they are going to leave to Mexico so that the school has ample time to complete the document. The student needs to provide a transfer document when he/she returns to the U.S. The Binational Program can retrieve student's grades through a request for transcripts form that has been developed by the Binational Program and has been accepted by the U.S. and Mexico's Binational Initiative.
This document is to be utilized for those students who are departing the United States and are returning to Mexico to enroll in an elementary school.
Transfer document: Elementary School (Primaria), Middle School, (Secundaria)
- Teacher Exchange:
The goal of the teacher exchange is to learn about both educational systems so that we can implement educational programs to better meet the needs of the migrant binational child. The Binational Teacher Exchange is designed to provide a cultural and educational exchange to benefit binational migrant students in the U.S. as well as expertise to educators serving binational students.
These direct experiences among exchange teachers result in a better understanding of the cultural, educational, and linguistic diversity of Mexico and the U.S.
- Culture and Education Resources
Mexico's Secretary of Public Education and the Secretary of Foreign Relations through the Mexican Cultural Center have provided us with 39 sets of content area texts (1-6 grades) that they use in their national curriculum. These books have been distributed to all the local Migrant Ed. programs in Colorado so that they may be used with migratory students or during summer school. Colorado schools have also received information on how to solicit these free instructional content area textbooks.
As part of the Free Textbook Distribution Program, Mexico's Secretary of Public Education and the Secretary of Foreign Relations (through the Mexican Cultural Center) have provided Colorado with resource books for 1-6 grades, that are used for Mexico's national curriculum, to be a resource for binational students.
Tools for Administrators
- Goals for U.S. BMEI
- Binational Migrant Brochure English, Spanish
- Elementary Level Binational Transfer Document
- Middle (Secundaria) Level Binational Transfer Document
- Form to Request for Binational Transcripts
- Signed Annex IX
- Binational Teacher Exchange Guide
- Toll Free Hotlines for the Enrollment of Migrant Students
- Directory of Mexican State Coordinators
- Binational Teacher Exchange Application
- Request for SEP Books/Resource
Tools for Parents
- Parents Declaration of Rights (English, Spanish)
- Questions Parents Ask About Schools
- A Guide to the Tool Kit for Hispanic Parents (English, Spanish)
- Documents for School Enrollment
- Binational Transfer Documents
- Ensuring the Academic Success of our Children (English, Spanish)
- Si Piensas Regresar a Mexico...Inscribe a tu Hijo en la Escuela
Tools for Educators
- Suggested Guidelines for Grade-Level Placement of Migrant Students
- Grade Levels and Structure of the Mexican Educational System
- Official and Religious Mexican Holidays
- Map of Mexican States
- Educational Strategies for Working with Binational Students
- Parent Involvement (Spanish version)
- SIOP Short Form
- SIOP Lesson Plan
- Free Language Resources
- Engaging Mexican Parents in their Childrens Education
Tools for Recruiters and Clerks
For more information please contact:


text:
Welcome to Environmental White Papers
Environmental RESEARCH & Knowledge Center
The OIZOM environmental white papers are aimed at imparting knowledge to researchers, technology geeks, potential customers, environmental enthusiasts and the citizens. It seeks to bridge the gap between the current trends and the conventional approach towards environmental monitoring. The white papers are curated by a team with a multi-disciplinary approach and is backed by subject experts.
The paper explains the evolution of air quality monitoring stations with their working principles, relative drawbacks, and advantages.
The paper describes how to select monitoring location for a given monitoring objective to ensure the highest level of data quality.
Active and Passive sampling methods are compared in detail to determine which one ensures better performance.
This paper describes a step-by-step procedure of carrying out sensor collocation against a reference station, comparing and interpreting the results and how to improve data quality from the results.
This paper explains the need and importance of a hybrid air quality network. It also creates understanding about how one can develop a hybrid monitoring network.
The paper serves as a guide for designing and setting up an air quality monitoring network to cover an area for hyperlocal monitoring.


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Binding.ReceiveTimeout Property
Gets or sets the interval of time that a connection can remain inactive, during which no application messages are received, before it is dropped.
Namespace: System.ServiceModel.Channels
Assembly: System.ServiceModel (in System.ServiceModel.dll)
public TimeSpan ReceiveTimeout { get; set; }
Property Value
Type: System.TimeSpan
The Timespan that specifies how long the application has to receive a message before timing out. The default value is 10 minute.
Implements
IDefaultCommunicationTimeouts.ReceiveTimeout
ExceptionCondition
ArgumentOutOfRangeException
The value is less than zero or too large.
When using a reliable session, there are two different inactivity timers that must be satisfied to keep the connection alive. If either of these inactivity timers goes off, then the connection is dropped.
 - The first inactivity timer is on the reliable session and is called the InactivityTimeout. This inactivity timer fires if no messages, either application or infrastructure, are received within the timeout period. An infrastructure message is a message that is generated for the purpose of one of the protocols in the channel stack, such as a keep alive or an acknowledgment, rather than containing application data.
 - The second inactivity timer is on the service and uses the ReceiveTimeout setting of the binding. This inactivity timer fires if no application messages are received within the timeout period. This specifies, for example, the maximum time a client may take to send at least one message to the server before the server will close the channel used by a session. This behavior ensures that clients cannot hold on to server resources for arbitrary long periods.
Since the connection is dropped if either inactivity timer fires, increasing InactivityTimeout once it is greater than ReceiveTimeout has no effect. The default for both of these timeouts is 10 minutes, so you always have to increase both of them to make a difference when using a reliable session.
If transaction flow is enabled on the binding or the channel, the operation may take longer to execute than the specified timeout. In these circumstances the operation fails due to the expired timeout and the transaction aborts appropriately.
When security is used with sessions, the ReceiveTimeout value set on the binding is also used as the session timeout.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 4.5.2, 4.5.1, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3.0
.NET Framework Client Profile
Supported in: 4, 3.5 SP1
Portable Class Library
Supported in: Portable Class Library
.NET for Windows Store apps
Supported in: Windows 8
.NET for Windows Phone apps
Supported in: Windows Phone 8.1, Windows Phone 8, Silverlight 8.1
Windows Phone 8.1, Windows Phone 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, Windows 7, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 (Server Core Role not supported), Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core Role supported with SP1 or later; Itanium not supported)
The .NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.
Show:
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
In the early 2000s, the City of San Diego had a major increase in sewage spills. This was due in large part because the City's aging sewer infrastructure was in need of replacement, repair and upgrades. Some pipelines had been in operation for a hundred years.
Beginning in 2007, the City sewer rates were increased by 8.75% in 2007 and 2008, and 7% in 2009 and 2010 to operate, maintain, repair and upgrade the City's wastewater system. These rate increases are paying for more than $585,385,000 of necessary sewer system upgrades. These projects include replacement of sewer mains, sewer pipeline rehabilitation, and sewer pump station improvements.
Sewer System Improvement projects are funded by the rate increases.


text:
Prof. Sven Dickinson,
University of Toronto, Canada,
The Role of Symmetry in Human and Computer Vision
Symmetry is one of the most ubiquitous regularities in our natural world. For almost 100 years, human vision researchers have studied how the human vision system has evolved to exploit this powerful regularity as a basis for grouping image features. While computer vision is a much younger discipline, the trajectory is similar, with symmetry playing a major role in both perceptual grouping and object representation. After briefly reviewing some of the milestones in symmetry-based perceptual grouping and object representation/recognition in both human and computer vision, I will review our efforts that draw on computer vision to understand the role that symmetry plays in human scene perception. Conversely, I will also look at how these results in human scene perception can strengthen the performance of modern deep learning computer vision systems for scene perception.
Sven Dickinson received the B.A.Sc. degree in Systems Design Engineering from the University of Waterloo, in 1983, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from the University of Maryland, in 1988 and 1991, respectively. He is Professor and past Chair of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Toronto, and is also Vice President and Head of the new Samsung Toronto AI Research Center, which opened in May, 2018. Prior to that, he was a faculty member at Rutgers University where he held a joint appointment between the Department of Computer Science and the Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science (RuCCS). His research research interests revolve around the problem of shape perception in computer vision and, more recently, human vision. He has received the National Science Foundation CAREER award, the Government of Ontario Premiere's Research Excellence Award (PREA), and the Lifetime Research Achievement Award from the Canadian Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Society (CIPPRS). He currently serves on eight editorial boards, including the role of Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, and the role of co-editor of the Morgan & Claypool Synthesis Lectures on Computer Vision. He is a Fellow of the International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR).


Page last updated at 16:07 GMT, Friday, 6 June 2008 17:07 UK
Missile practice for Moon mission
By Judith Burns
BBC News
Penetrator missiles were fired into a wall of sand at 1,100km/h (700mph)
Tests on a UK-led technology at the heart of a planned Moon mission have been a spectacular success, according to the experts involved in the project.
Three penetrator missiles were fired into a sand bunker in Wales, designed to mimic the lunar surface.
Professor Alan Smith, of the Mullard Space Science Laboratory, told BBC News the results had exceeded expectations.
He is a leading figure in the Moonlite mission, which hopes to fire instruments into the Moon in 2013.
A BBC team witnessed the final day of the tests at the Ministry of Defence (MoD) test site at Pendine, near Tenby.
The site has been open since 1940 but is now operated by Qinetiq, the privatised MoD spin-off company which developed the penetrator technology.
Three projectiles were tested on three consecutive days at the end of May.
They look like missiles but, rather than exploding on impact, they are designed to stay intact to protect the scientific instruments inside.
An animation of the penetrator missile hitting the lunar surface
The Moonlite mission plans to fire four penetrators into the lunar surface from an orbiting spacecraft. They will come to rest three metres (10ft) underground.
The onboard instruments will send back a mass of information, everything from seismic activity and mineral composition to the underground temperature.
Sand blasted
Security at Pendine was tight - we had to show passports to gain entry. The high-speed test track is set in a large area of sand dunes paradoxically full of birds and flowers.
Professor Alan Smith explains how the penetrator missiles are tested
It's a hard hat site; during the firing itself, all staff must take cover. We were actually confined to the control centre.
Earlier, we saw scientists loading instruments into the third and final penetrator to be tested.
The purpose of the test firings was to check how well the penetrators would withstand being slammed into several tonnes of sand at 1,100km/h (700mph) and whether the instruments inside would survive.
The difference between the penetrators that had already been fired and the one that had yet to be tested was striking.
The blue paint on the fired ones was scraped off and the steel nose cones were distorted.
But despite their battered appearance, Peter Truss of Qinetiq confirmed that they had done their job and protected the instruments inside: "our confidence is growing with every test".
Qinetiq not only contributed to the missile derived design of the penetrators themselves, but to the batteries and communication systems they will carry.
Ultimately, the plan will be to apply this technology to other rocky planets and moons in the Solar System, particularly to Jupiter's icy moon Europa, which may have an ocean below its frozen surface.
Other candidates include Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus.
Deep space
Until now, missions have only been able to scrape the surface of other planets.
"We're developing the technologies now to enable a much more in-depth analysis of these planetary bodies and with the increase in technology that we can apply to these problems, all sorts of possibilities open up," explained Peter Truss.
Graphic of a penetrator missile (Image: MSSL/UCL)
The other advantage of penetrators is that it's easier to fire into a rocky planet than to land gently on the surface.
Loading and safety checks complete, the penetrator was driven out to the test track. This stretches 1,500m through the sand dunes but the penetrator and its rockets were strapped to a firing sled 300m from the target.
We retired to the control room and looked on as scientists waited anxiously for the final countdown. When it came, the firing shattered the quiet with a reverberating bang. There were cheers from the scientists at the completion of the last test.
Then it was time to break cover and head down to the sand bunker with a metal detector and some shovels to locate the penetrator and dig it out. Researchers measured how far it had pushed into the sand and collected samples.
In each test, the penetrators described a curved trajectory upwards through the sand, ending up only slightly below the surface.
Intruigingly, they also turned the sand they touched black, possibly as a result of its high coal content reacting to the heat.
Speaking later, back at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Professor Smith said Nasa and the European Space Agency were showing interest.
"The results have been spectacular and the space agencies are sitting up and taking notice," he said.
"Before now it had all been on paper. Now we have real hardware to show them."
Britain's Moon shot takes shape
06 Jun 08 | Science/Nature
EADS seeks Surrey Satellite deal
07 Apr 08 | Science/Nature
Ministers consider UK astronauts
14 Feb 08 | Science/Nature
Britain plans first Moon mission
10 Jan 07 | Science/Nature
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