understand correct, that Გ is the uppercase letter of გ? Looks like my computer does not have an up-to-date font for Georgian as I see Გ as placeholder character only :-(
Raymond14:52, 17 March 2021
Edited by author.
Last edit: 20:33, 17 March 2021
Actually modern Georgian is unicameral. Georgian has historically used at least 3 major script variants (which in earlier versions of Unicode were merged into a single one and incorrectly encoded as if it was bicameral with two variants; even if at its original it was unicameral and using only one variant).
There is however some limited use where 2 script variants may be used simultaneously, but normally NOT in the same word (it's like the upright versus italic variants in Latin, that you normally don't mixup to create case distinctions).
At some past period, there's been an attempt to use two variants as if the script was bicameral, making one of the variants "capital", and the other lowercase. This was an error.
Actually you should NEVER convert any lettercase in Georgian, letters should preserve their existing case in the 3 existing major variants. But outdated softwares still do this conversion to generate some "titlecasing", which is wrong for Georgian as it will mix the 3 variants (that are actually 3 distinct alphabets, not exactly and fully equivalent). So "Გ" is NOT the uppercase letter of "გ"; these are just semi-equivalent letters in two variants of the script. In the modern Georgian use, you can perfectly use only one variant for everything in your text;
But a second variant may be used to emphasize text (not to create case distinctions), just like you could use smallcaps in Latin in a paragraph of text, or use an "allcaps" style for monumental inscriptions and small extracts of text (but note that in Latin, you loose some text distinctions; the same occurs in Georgian because converting from the modern to the historic "capital" variant is also lossy for a few characters of the alphabet).
Mediawiki should not then remap any Georgian letter for titlecasing (i.e. the first character of pagenames), even if these characters are sorted at the same position for the primary collation level): these letters are still distinct, but the distinction is NOT a valid lettercase distinction.
There are some informal use of the Georgian script as if it was a bicameral script (or even tricameral!), but this is informal. Such transforms are in general lossy and invalid if they are automated. The best way you should look at the Georgian script is "as is" it actually was 3 distinct scripts M, A and N; but another view of it considers it as having 2 major scripts (only A, or mostly M plus some A; mostly A plus some N);
 - [Geor] (Georgian): Mkhedruli + some (Aso)mtavruli, or just Mkhedruli (modern use only). Mediawiki casemaps M+A as it it was bicameral (this is deprecated: a M-only text is correct, an A-only text is not modern Georgian).
 - [Geok] (Khutsuri): Asomtavruli + some Nuskhuri (Nuskhuri is normally never used alone); this is an old historic use (A+N, or just A for monumental use only).
The question of whever Georgian is really bicameral is still debated (this depends on orthographic conventions that have still never been resolved definitely): this is the same situation that occured in the past for Medieval Latin, or Medieval Greek, before bicameral lettercase were considered as important distinctions with string distinctions allowing the same word to mix the two cases under strict conditions (and then conversion under weak/lossy conditions).
There's a comparable situation in Japanese which is written with 2 distinct Kana scripts (Hiragana and Katakana) which are not really equivalent (one of them is more lossy than the other), and that uses a third script occasionally (Kaji sinograms): converting *automatically* between Hiragana and Katakana is invalid, even if some letter pairs collate at the same primary position (in a sorted list or for plain-text searches).
Raymond, what you did was clearly wrong: you removed the first letter "Გ", the user asked you to change the first letter "Გ" from one Georgian alphabet variant to "გ" another variant. Then the second letter was incorrectly capitalized (and here this is a bug of MediaWiki that should NOT capitalize this "ი" letter into "Ი").
In fact as long as Mediawiki considers Georgian as a true bicameral script (based on how the script was initially encoded in Unicode, then extended later to add a third historic alphabet now considered as part of a separate "Geok" script for ISO 15924) the two letters "Გ" and "Გ" (that are "case-mapped" by Mediawiki using the deprecated Unicode casing rules) should have caused the request to NOT be honored.
You should have not touched this username at all because Mediawiki still considers they are equivalent when ignoring case (and there's still no way to avoid the "promotion" of the "გ" initial onto "Გ" in page titles).
Instead the user could have modified its user page "User:Გიო ოქრო", using "{{DISPLAYTITLE:User:გიო ოქრო}}" as a valid way to override the incorrect forced capitalilisation made by MediaWiki.
Verdy p (talk)19:53, 17 March 2021
"Raymond, what you did was clearly wrong: you removed the first letter "Გ",..:"
Yes, this is what I understand no. Გ looks like a kind of control character which should be removed.
_USER_ ოქრო: I can try to rename you back to "Გიო ოქრო". But I see no chance to rename you to "გიო ოქრო" because MediaWiki converts every first character of a page, even a username, to uppercase.
Raymond20:10, 17 March 2021
Two typos in
"This tag provides allows you to embedd a video."
Change to
"This tag allows you to embed a video."
Verdy p (talk)01:26, 11 March 2021
Done Done with Gerrit:670798 pending review.
Raymond11:30, 11 March 2021
_USER_: You forgot the first typo signaled above (doubled d in "embedd" ==> "embed") in this Gerrit patch
And I signaled it as soon as you submitted this for review on Gerrit, which was unfortunately accepted and closed during its review, without first looking at this message thread (linked in the Gerrit patch description) to see this comment.
Note that I cannot connect to Gerrit, due to a long-standing bug of the Gerrit site (that does not recognize my account name with its underscore/space and refuses to create another account with another account name but with the same owner email), so it's impossible for me to make any change or comment in Wikimedia Gerrit, and you'll need a second patch in Gerrit to fix this.
Verdy p (talk)16:51, 11 March 2021
Follow up patch Gerrit:672733 pending review.
Raymond14:50, 16 March 2021
What is the "{nav '} key on your keyboard" ? It seems to be a for very specific keyboard layout and not accessible at all, unless this is actuelly a template replaced by an actual key name. If this is a template, it should better be a variable placeholder that will be tuned specifically for locales or according to user preferences in application settings.
Verdy p (talk)07:54, 16 March 2021
Obsuser and his translations
BadDog (talk)19:10, 20 October 2020
Kizule (talk)20:05, 20 October 2020
He persistently wants to translate literally, on incomprehensible way.
And, my god, without consulting with someone else.
Kizule (talk)16:15, 25 October 2020
I only see one recent thread on their talk page. Was it about this topic?
Nike (talk)09:15, 30 November 2020
Partially. But neither the first nor the last, for sure.
Kizule (talk)11:59, 20 December 2020
Hi Nike, I would like to know the status of this request. His behavior has not changed, plus he got a global lock on all WMF projects (
The most recent example of his circus is the nonsense machine translation:
He translates literally, unnaturally and unreasonably.
And in our case, it is necessary to translate so that the translation is in the spirit of the language into which it is translated, as well as that the translation coincides as much as possible with the original.
Kizule (talk)21:26, 11 March 2021
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text:
We Meet a Naples Woman Who Has Spent Decades Raising Awareness About the Holocaust
It's been 76 years since the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland by Soviet soldiers. It's estimated that between 1.1 and 1.5 million people, the vast majority of them Jews, died in the camp. In the decades since there have been ongoing efforts to raise awareness about the atrocities committed by Germany during the war, including the creation of memorials and museums around the United States.
On today's show we're marking Holocaust Awareness Week by meeting a Naples woman who has spent more than four decades as an advocate for awareness and education. Both of Felicia Anchor's parents were holocaust survivors, and she was born shortly after the war, one of 2,000 babies born from the end of the war until the displaced persons camp her parents were living in closed.
She and her husband Kenneth are chairing the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's 2021 'What You Do Matters' Southeast Virtual Event on February 11, which seeks to inspire people to remember the lessons of the Holocaust and to help combat modern-day antisemitism and hatred. Mrs. Anchor played a key role in financially supporting the Naples Holocaust Museum, working with a community of survivors and docents to expand the initial exhibit into a museum that now serves six counties.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Yokohama India - Side Of Tyres
Bulge on the sidewall of a tire
When a certain area of the tire sidewall is partially protruding, a cord may have broken internally due to external causes such as shock, and is therefore dangerous.
Dent on the sidewall of a tire
There are cases in which a dent occurs and extends toward the sidewall area of a tire. Such dents occur due to the internal structure and have no effects in terms of safety.


text:
Ana G. Mendez University System (AGMUS) chose L2L as Agency of Record to transform with a completely new and creative approach its lead generation, marketing, public relations outreach. AGMUS which is the largest non-profit private university system in Puerto Rico has a history of almost 70 years in the island. Since 2003, AGMUS expanded into the United States with a unique dual language model of education for higher ed, opening campuses in Orlando, Tampa Bay, South Florida, Capital Area, and Dallas.
- Revolutionized media buying by integrating AdWords, digital ads, with traditional media
- Created an award-winning campaign – VALOR (COURAGE/VALUE) – geared towards the Hispanic population seeking bilingual education
- Created a wide range of digital assets to be used for online lead generation
- Re-activated Social Media for all five US campuses to engage leads / students / alumni
- Positioned campuses as civic centers for the local community where "meeting of the minds" and press conferences of key stakeholders could happen. Transformed campuses into donation, displacement, and job centers post-Hurricane Maria
- Engaged local, national, and Puerto Rican media with AGMUS brand in the US
- The Year 1 plan has transformed the AGMUS outreach to effectively engage today's student population through a multi-media platform strategy, reducing cost per enrollment by 60 percent and generating cost savings of $1M by eliminating an outsourced call center.
- In the first three months of the campaign, 3x more leads were generated versus total year prior.
- Transformed lead generation processes by implementing CRM / landing pages
- Positioning of AGMUS as national brand of higher education with a unique offering of a dual-language model of education
- The Conference Board New Communications Award – Academic Division


text:
What is the Gigabit Broadband Voucher Scheme?
The Gigabit Broadband Voucher Scheme has been created to help fund the government's goal to roll out full fibre internet throughout the UK. Vouchers are available to SME's, Sole Traders and local surrounding communities who are struggling with a slow internet connection and need to improve their connectivity.
As a commitment to working towards a full fibre Britain, the Gigabit Broadband Voucher Scheme began in March 2018, by The Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport who have dedicated £67 million to the scheme. This allows businesses to claim up to £2,500 and homes to claim up to £500 against the cost of a new network installation.
Why Gigabit Broadband?
Fibre gigabit connections provide up to 1000Mbps (1Gbps) which is more than ten times faster than the usual 24Mbps – 100Mbps superfast home broadband, offered by standard internet providers. Gigabit connections also offer 1000Mbps upload and download speeds, providing you with more bandwidth than you will ever need – future-proofing everyone's connection.
Everyone will need a full fibre connection in order to not be left behind. Fibre technology enables homes to use multiple devices and stream across them, without noticing a drop in speed and businesses are also able to grow without running the risk of reducing the reliability of their connection.
What are the criteria to qualify for funding?
For a business:
Have less than 250 employees
Have no more than £43 million on their balance sheet
Turnover is less than £50 million
Confirm that the broadband speed will be doubling the current connection
For a Sole Trader or Resident:
To qualify you will only need to provide a small amount of information to confirm your address to validate your funding.
How long is the scheme available for?
The Gigabit Broadband Voucher Scheme is designed to run for as long as the funding is available. The pot of funding will only last so long and it has already supported many homes and businesses since it began.
We've supported over 600 businesses and surrounding communities with upgrading their connectivity which has enable us to play a big role in improving connectivity in the UK.
Are you looking to get support with upgrading to a full fibre network? Our team of experts will be able to guide you through the entire process and also provide you, your residents or tenants with an internet service they can rely on. Contact us today on 0333 _PHONE_ or via email _EMAIL_ to start your fibre network installation.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Table of contents
Creating pipelines
Setting up a basic build pipeline
Creating a pipeline in Jenkins with Pipeline is as simple as a basic script:
node('linux'){
 git url: '_URL_
 def mvnHome = tool 'M3'
 env.PATH = "${mvnHome}/bin:${env.PATH}"
 sh 'mvn -B clean verify'
}
Where node is the step that schedules the tasks in the following block on whatever node with the label specified in its argument. In this case, the block's tasks will only be run on a node with the label 'linux'. The node block is required to tell Jenkins what system to run the commands.
git is the step that specifies what source code repository code should be checked from and does the checkout at this point.
The tool step makes sure a tool with the given name, in this case, a specific version of the Maven build tool, is installed on the current node. Merely running this step does not do much good; the script needs to know where it was installed, so the tool can be run later. For this, we need a variable.
The def keyword in Groovy is the quickest way to define a new variable, hence the "def mvnHome". The return value of the tool 'M3' check is assigned to the mvnHome variable.
Pipeline also allows for the creation of very complex pipelines, with parallel stages, conditional logic gates, and for definitions to be loaded from version control and shared between Pipelines. This allows for pipelines and certain standardized scripts to be shared between teams and changes to these scripts to be protected and reviewed by an administrator.
Here is an example script for such a scenario, where the bulk of the script is version controlled in GitHub:
def flow
node('master') {
 git branch: 'master', changelog: false, poll: true, url: '_URL_
 flow = load 'flow.groovy'
 flow.devQAStaging()
}
flow.production()
And here is the example script's GitHub counterpart:
def devQAStaging() {
 env.PATH="${tool 'Maven 3.x'}/bin:${env.PATH}"
 stage 'Dev'
 sh 'mvn clean install package'
 archive 'target/x.war'
 try {
 checkpoint('Archived war')
 } catch (NoSuchMethodError _) {
 echo 'Checkpoint feature available in Jenkins Enterprise by CloudBees.'
 }
 stage 'QA'
 parallel(longerTests: {
 runWithServer {url ->
 sh "mvn -f sometests/pom.xml test -Durl=${url} -Dduration=30"
 }
 }, quickerTests: {
 runWithServer {url ->
 sh "mvn -f sometests/pom.xml test -Durl=${url} -Dduration=20"
 }
 })
 stage name: 'Staging', concurrency: 1
 deploy 'target/x.war', 'staging'
}
def production() {
 input message: "Does http://localhost:8888/staging/ look good?"
 try {
 checkpoint('Before production')
 } catch (NoSuchMethodError _) {
 echo 'Checkpoint feature available in Jenkins Enterprise by CloudBees.'
 }
 stage name: 'Production', concurrency: 1
 node {
 unarchive mapping: ['target/x.war' : 'x.war']
 deploy 'target/x.war', 'production'
 echo 'Deployed to http://localhost:8888/production/'
 }
}
def deploy(war, id) {
 sh "cp ${war} /tmp/webapps/${id}.war"
}
def undeploy(id) {
 sh "rm /tmp/webapps/${id}.war"
}
return this;
More information on complex Pipelines can be found in Automating a project with a Jenkinsfile and in the Pipeline repository.


text:
Tour tires are motorcycle tires, which are long lasting in spite of sporty driving. This is a big challenge because normally when the tires are highly stressed, for example by rapid stops over and over again, they wear off quickly. But few motorcyclists refuse to fully utilize the capabilities of their machine. So they choose Sport Touring Motorcycle Tires - Radial tires are so popular, that their durability is higher than that of conventional Diagonal tires. The wet grip and cornering ability are better - qualities that are a good buying criteria for the Tour athletes. Therefore 123tyre.ie offers a wide range of sport touring radial motorcycle tires.
The steel cord filaments of the tires carcass plies are radially arranged. The cords are laid in Direction of the Tyre's movement in the right Wimkel in the carcass. Directly under the tread of the radial motorcycle tire is a stable layer that leads around like a belt, which is why they are also called Belt tires called. They are now used in most motorcycles and cars.


text:
Ground Water, continued
Character of WaterThe chemical character of the water in Reno County is shown by analyses of 154 samples of water collected from 152 test holes and wells. The results of the analyses are given in Table 5. Partial analyses were made of 78 samples and more detailed analyses were made of 76 samples. In general, the analyses do not indicate the sanitary condition of the water. The analyses were made by Howard A. Stoltenberg, Chemist, in the Water and Sewage Laboratory of the Kansas State Board of Health.
Chemical Constituents in Relation to Use
Dissolved solids--When water is evaporated the residue consists mainly of the mineral constituents given in the table of analyses (Table 5). In addition to the mineral constituents, the residue generally includes small quantities of organic materials and a small amount of water of crystallization. Water containing less than 500 parts per million of dissolved solids is suitable generally for domestic use, except for difficulties resulting from hardness or the presence of iron in excessive amounts. Water containing more than 1,000 parts per million is likely to contain enough of certain constituents to cause noticeable taste or otherwise to make the water undesirable or unsuitable for use.
The dissolved solids in 76 samples collected in Reno County ranged from 152 to 18,200 parts per million; 13 of these samples contained between 500 and 1,000 parts per million and 12 samples contained more than 1,000 parts. Seven of these samples were from test holes and were taken directly above shale bedrock, which fact in part accounts for the high concentration of dissolved solids. Test holes 23-5-21aa, 23-5-15dd, and 23-5-23dd probably are affected by local contamination from industrial wastes.
Figure 16 shows the range in dissolved solids in the water from wells in Reno County. Samples of water from four wells contained more than 5,000 parts per million of dissolved solids. Two of these are Hutchinson municipal wells drilled in the alluvium of the Arkansas River and two are domestic wells drilled into or near to the Permian shales.
Table 6--Dissolved solids in samples of water from wells and test holes in Reno County.
Hardness--The hardness of water, the property that generally receives the most attention, is most commonly recognized by its effect when soap is used with the water. Calcium and magnesium cause nearly all the hardness of ordinary water. These constituents also are the active agents in the formation of scale in steam boilers and in other containers in which water is heated or evaporated.
The total hardness, the carbonate hardness, and the noncarbonate hardness of the water samples from Reno County are given in Table 5 and Figures 17 and 18. The carbonate hardness, or "temporary hardness," is caused by calcium and magnesium bicarbonates and can be removed almost entirely by boiling. The noncarbonate hardness, or "permanent hardness," is caused by sulfates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium and other salts and cannot be removed by boiling. Carbonate and noncarbonate hardness react in the same manner in relation to the use of soap. Generally, water having noncarbonate hardness forms a harder scale in boilers than water having only carbonate hardness.
The hardness of water samples collected in Reno County ranged from 56 to 9,990 parts per million. Twenty-two of the samples had a hardness of less than 150 parts per million (Table 7). Most of the water from the Arkansas River valley had a hardness of more than 300 parts per million. The softest waters were those from the sandhills area north of Hutchinson and from the southern part of the county (Fig. 19). The hardest water was from test holes penetrating deposits just above the Permian shales. Some test holes south and east of Hutchinson show local contamination by industrial wastes (hardest waters shown in Fig. 19).
Table 7--Hardness of samples of water from wells and test holes in Reno County.
Table 8--Iron in samples of water from wells and test holes in Reno County.
The highest concentration of iron in water is found in the sandhills area north and east of Hutchinson (Fig. 20).
Analyses for chloride were made for 153 samples of water from wells and test holes in Reno County (Table 5). The chloride content of the samples analyzed ranged from 4 to 9,870 parts per million. Table 9 shows the number of samples in various ranges of concentration of chloride. The five samples containing more than 2,500 parts were from test holes.
Table 9--Chloride in samples of water from wells and test holes in Reno County.
The greatest concentration of chloride is in water from the Arkansas River valley, along Salt Creek, and in the northwestern part of the county. The source of the chloride in the northwestern part of Reno County is probably the marsh area in Stafford County. The high chloride in the area south and east of Hutchinson is probably due to local contamination by industrial wastes.
Fluoride--Fluoride in water occurs only in small quantities, but a knowledge of the fluoride content of water used by children is important because of the effect the fluoride has on permanent teeth. The use of water containing fluoride in excess of 1.5 parts per million may cause mottling of the tooth enamel. If the fluoride content is as high as 4 parts per million, about 90 percent of the children may have mottled teeth (Dean, 1936). Although too much fluoride has a detrimental effect, investigations indicate that concentrations of fluoride of about 1 part per million in drinking water lessen the incidence of tooth decay (Dean and others, 1941). The concentration of fluoride in the samples of water collected from wells in Reno County was less than 0.9 part per million.
Nitrate--Recent investigations have caused considerable interest in the amount of nitrate in drinking water. Large amounts of nitrate in water may cause cyanosis in infants when the water is used for drinking and in the preparation of formulas in feeding. Infant cyanosis may be fatal if water containing a high concentration of nitrate is used continually. Water that contains more than 90 parts per million of nitrate is considered by the Kansas State Board of Health likely to cause infant cyanosis (Metzler and Stoltenberg, 1950). Water containing less than 45 parts of nitrate is generally regarded as safe. In Reno County the nitrate content of the samples of water collected from wells ranged from 0 to 447 parts per million. Thirteen samples contained more than 100 parts per million.
Chemical Constituents in Relation to Irrigation
This discussion of the suitability of water for irrigation use is adapted from Agriculture Handbook 60 of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
The development and maintenance of successful irrigation projects involve not only supplying of irrigation water to the land but also control of the salinity and alkalinity of the soil. The quality of irrigation water, irrigation practices, and drainage conditions are involved in salinity and alkali control. Soil that was originally nonsaline and nonalkali may become unproductive if excessive soluble salts or exchangeable sodium are allowed to accumulate because of improper irrigation and soil-management practices or inadequate drainage.
In areas of sufficient rainfall and ideal soil conditions the soluble salts originally present in the soil or added to the soil with water are carried downward by the water and ultimately reach the water table. The process of dissolving and transporting soluble salts by the movement of water through the soil is called leaching. If the amount of water applied to the soil is not in excess of the amount needed by plants, there will be no downward percolation of water below the root zone and an accumulation of mineral matter will form at that point. Likewise, impermeable soil zones near the surface can retard the downward movement of water, resulting in waterlogging of the soil and deposition of salts. Unless drainage is adequate, attempts at leaching may not be successful, because leaching requires the free passage of water through and away from the root zone.
The characteristics of an irrigation water that seem to be most important in determining its quality are: (1) total concentration of soluble salts; (2) relative proportion of sodium to other principal cations (magnesium, calcium, and potassium); (3) concentration of boron or other elements that may be toxic; and (4) under some conditions, the bicarbonate concentration as related to the concentration of calcium plus magnesium.
The total concentration of soluble salts in irrigation water can be adequately expressed in terms of electrical conductivity for purposes of diagnosis and classification. Electrical conductivity is the measure of the ability of the ionized inorganic salts in solution to conduct an electrical current, and is usually expressed in terms of micromhos per centimeter at 25°C. The electrical conductivity can be determined accurately in the laboratory, or a rough approximation of the electrical conductivity can be obtained by multiplying the total equivalents per million of calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium by 100, or by dividing the dissolved solids in parts per million by a factor of 0.6 to 0.7. In general, water having an electrical conductivity below 750 micromhos per centimeter is satisfactory for irrigation insofar as salt content is concerned, although salt-sensitive crops such as strawberries, green beans, and red clover may be adversely affected by irrigation water having an electrical conductivity in the range of 250 to 750 micromhos per centimeter. Water in the range of 750 to 2,250 micromhos per centimeter is widely used, and satisfactory crop growth is obtained under good management and favorable drainage conditions, but saline conditions will develop if leaching and drainage are inadequate. Use

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This paper analyzes the behavior of a Voltage Source Converter Based HVDC system under DC cable fault conditions. The behavior of the HVDC system during a permanent line-to-earth fault is analyzed, outlining the systems configuration and behavior at each stage of the fault timeline. Operation of the proposed system under a single earthing configurations, i.e. Converter (solid) earthed/AC transformer unearthed, was analyzed and simulated, with particular attention paid to the converters operation. It was observed that the development of potential earth loops within the system as a result of DC line-to-earth faults leads to substantial overcurrent and results in system configuration oscillation.
- HVDC power convertors
- HVDC power transmission
- power cables
- power transmission faults
- single earthing configurations


text:
Submitted to: American Chemical Society Abstracts
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/3/2006
Publication Date: 10/25/2006
Citation: Peterson, S.C. 2006. Optimizing the fractionation of soy protein isolate for use as a biomaterial filler [abstract]. American Chemical Society Abstracts. p. 148. Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: Nearly all rubber used today utilizes filler materials for strength and various other application-specific properties. The most common filler on the market today is carbon black, which is produced by the burning of petroleum. Using renewable biomaterials as fillers would reduce dependence on petroleum and avoid pollution issues associated with carbon black production. Recent research using various soybean materials such as defatted soy flour, soy spent flakes, and soy protein isolate has shown that fillers that compare favorably in both performance and cost characteristics can be made from these products. In general, the smaller the filler particle size, the better strengthening properties it has. In this study, variables including temperature, pH, and centrifugation were all examined to determine what conditions produced the smallest soy protein isolate particles for filler material.


text:
Q- What is the city of Cincinnati famous for?
A- Cincinnati is famous for its location on the Ohio River, historic architecture, the Cincinnati Bengals football team, rich cultural heritage, the annual Cincinnati Music Festival, Cincinnati-style chili, and the Cincinnati Reds baseball team.
Q- What food is popular in Cincinnati?
A- Although Cincinnati offers several delicious foods, including goetta (a type of breakfast sausage), Graeter's ice cream, and French pot ice cream, Cincinnati-style chili is the most famous food in Cincinnati, a unique chili dish topped with shredded cheese and onions.
Q- How do I spend a day in Cincinnati?
A- You can spend a day in Cincinnati by going on a morning walk at Eden Park, visiting the Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal, enjoying lunch at Findlay Market, and exploring Over-the-Rhine's historic architecture.
Q- Why is Cincinnati called Queen City?
A- Cincinnati was once the largest city on the Ohio River. And the area was considered the "queen" of all the cities along the river. Cincinnati was also a major industrial and cultural center in the 19th century.


text:
Biomass and Logistics
They offer customs clearance world wide, shipping and logistics, insurance and storage, and manage contracts for large hemp biomass transactions. Our passion is to assist hemp farmers in securing contracts so that they know what and how much to plant, and can get down to the what they love – growing!
Depending on what supply chain you choose, from industrial bioplastics and paper, to medicinal extraction such as CBD and other cannabinoids, BIOHEMPLOGIC™ can advise you about seed choice, harvest schedule, and crop size by matching you with buyers.
If you are a large producer of hemp or want to be one, or if you buy hemp biomass in large monthly quantities, they can help you arrange all the details and match you with a farm.
The Entire Hemp Plant Can Be Used as Biomass
We found this chart fascinating and extremely helpful! Every industry has a use for hemp biomass, from medicine to plastics to nutrition to textiles. Abbi, who created the chart, says "Anything you can think of can be made from hemp."
Hemp farmers should know what industry they are growing for BEFORE they plant their crop!
They should also consider growing hemp for other purposes besides CBD extraction. Too many farmers in America made the mistake in the 2019 season of assuming they would find buyers after they harvested. This resulted in thousands and thousands of tons of biomass being stored in warehouses while brokers searched for buyers all over the world.
One year later, in the fall of 2020, this product is still available. Contact us if interested.


What helps stomach after spicy food?
Can spicy food upset your stomach?
Why does spicy food make my stomach feel better?
Spicy foods may calm your gut and keep it healthy.
How do you stop poop from burning after eating spicy food?
How to poop in peace after eating spicy foods
 1. Tweak your menu. Limit spicy foods that are both spicy and fatty, like chicken wings or quesadillas smothered in hot sauce. …
 2. Eat chili peppers for 3 weeks straight. Yes, this strategy is over-the-top. …
 3. Clean your butt.
IT IS INTERESTING: Your question: How spicy is green curry paste?
How do I stop my stomach from burning?
Preventing stomach pain
 1. quitting smoking.
 2. avoiding or limiting alcohol consumption.
 3. reducing stress levels.
 4. steering clear of foods that irritate your stomach.
 5. not eating right before bedtime if you have acid reflux.
 6. elevating your head while sleeping to reduce nighttime symptoms.
 7. taking your time to chew your food.
How long does it take for stomach lining to heal?
Does spicy food kill bacteria?
Is spicy food bad for your liver?
Do spicy foods cause gas?
Why does spicy food make poop burn?
IT IS INTERESTING: Quick Answer: Can spicy food cause diarrhea the next day?
Why is my poop burning?
Can I burn poop?
Burn it! Gas or electricity-powered incinerating toilets fire up to 1000 degrees Fahrenheit, turning excrement into sterile ash. Talk about lighting a fire under your butt.
How do I cool down my stomach?
8 natural ingredients that can keep your stomach cool this summer
 1. Ginger: It's a wonderful overall healthy herb that aids digestion, reduce inflammation and heartburn. …
 2. Fennel seeds: Phytonutrients in fennel give it an antioxidative property and effectively helps in reducing gas and bloating. …
 3. Cumin seeds: …
 4. Probiotic: …
 5. Yogurt: …
 6. Oat bran: …
 7. Papaya: …
 8. Bananas:
Why does my stomach feel like it's on fire?
Burning in the stomach is a common, bothersome symptom. It often stems from indigestion, also known as dyspepsia. A burning sensation in the stomach is usually just one symptom of an underlying condition, such as an intolerance to certain foods.
Is milk good for burning stomach?
Noodles & Rice


chaff and winnow
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chaff and winnow
A privacy technique that is simpler than encrypting a message with a key. Chaff is the unusable part of a plant, and winnow means to separate the chaff so it can be discarded. Thus, chaff is sent (fake packets) along with real packets, and the chaff is winnowed at the other end by comparing a message authentication code (MAC) stored in each packet. The receiving end knows which are the valid MACs and which are not. See cryptography.


text:
When a child begins solving simple puzzles such as placing different-shaped blocks in the proper holes, we see proof of his intelligence. By 18 months, there is already a way to measure it. The Bailey Scales of Infant Development II tests a child's memory, problem solving, language skills, and more-basically, measuring his developmental quotient, which is closely correlated with IQ.
A study published in 2000 proved that infants given the expert-recommended levels of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Arachidonic acid (ARA) showed positive cognitive effects at 18 months, registering +7 MDI points in their Bayley Scales scores compared to those who received none.
New findings have shown that this same group went on to show positive effects at 4 years. They scored +7 IQ points higher, this time, using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Revised. Better still, performing well on this test has been linked to later academic success!
*Source: Ask Your Doctor


text:
slate in place as it is moved down a page for brailling.
Interpoint slates allow a user to write on both sides of the paper to create two-sided braille. Since braille consists of raised dots, this requires placing the cells on either side so that they do not cancel out dots on the other side. The advantage of two-sided braille is that it requires less paper.
Figure 12: The Can-Do Interpoint Page Slate from Independent Living Aids is
used to emboss two-sided Interpoint braille.
Jumbo slates are designed to produce braille with larger dots and increased spacing between dots, cells, and lines for users with reduced tactile sensitivity, such as people with diabetic neuropathy. Jumbo slates can be used with a jumbo stylus, which produces larger dots, or with a regular stylus, which results in sharp dots like those of standard braille, but with the increased spacing typical of jumbo braille.
Postcard slates are small slates (19 cells by 6 lines) used to take notes on index cards or small pieces of paper.
Open-back slates have backs that can be opened without dislodging the paper. Slates of this type include the Brown Slate from the American Printing House for the Blind (APH) and the E-Z Read series by Howe Press. When the back is opened, the paper remains held in place by pins, allowing the user to read what has been written so far. This feature is useful if the writer is interrupted while writing and doesnt quite recall where he or she left off. It also allows the writer to proofread and make corrections while in the middle of brailling a sheet of paper.
In contrast to the Brown Slate and E-Z Read Slate, which are designed for correcting braille while it is being written, correcting slates (also called correction slates) are designed for correcting a finished page that has already been removed from its original slate. The distinctive feature of correcting slates is that they either have no pins at all to hold the paper, or they have up pins, that is, pins on the back or bottom plate, not the front or top plate. Since the pins that hold paper in place make their own holes, putting a piece of paper that has already been brailled into a new slate can add unwanted holes, especially if the original slate was a different size. On an up-pin slate, the user can avoid new holes by carefully placing the paper so that its existing holes fit over the pins. A pinless slate serves the same purpose.
Labeling slates. Some slates have additional slots for embossing Dymo tape, ½-inch wide clear plastic or aluminum tape used for labeling tasks. One line slates are also sold for this purpose. Other specialty labeling slates include playing card slates for marking standard-sized playing cards, and a slate for brailling cassette labels, both sold by Howe Press.
In addition, some of the features described above can be combined. For example, APH manufactures an interpoint version of the postcard slate, and Howe Press makes a postcard slate in the EZ Read style.
Braille Erasers are used to flatten errant dots. Freestanding erasers made of wood or plastic are available, and styluses, like pencils, can come with or without erasers attached to them.
Figure 13: Braille Erasers from Howe Press.
Braille Paper is similar to ordinary inkprint paper, but heavier since it must be sturdy enough to retain raised dots as many readers move their fingers over them. Braille paper comes in heavy and lightweight grades, but even the lightweight grade is relatively heavy. The heavier grade of paper is recommended for use with a braille writer.
Braille paper comes in various sizes, including the 8½ by 11 inch size that is standard for use in braille printers and braille writers, and an 11 x 11½ inch size that is common for pages in braille books. Either size can be brailled with a wide slate. For use with a pocket slate, note-size braille paper is available in pads or looseleaf form. Standard index cards can also be used for this purpose and may serve just as well.
Colors include white, manila, and Kraft brown. Both full-size and note-size paper is available with holes pre-punched so the paper can be put into binders, including 3-ring and 6-ring binders and 19-hole spiral binders.
In addition to regular braille paper, there is also a brand of plastic paper called "Brailon," which is used with the copiers manufactured by American Thermoform Corporation. For more on Brailon, see the ABLEDATA Fact Sheet on Braille Writers, Printers, and Software.
Besides written documents, another popular use for braille is labeling. A variety of labeling materials and devices are available.
Adhesive labeling tape and sheets. As described in an earlier section of this Fact Sheet, some braille labeling slates are designed to emboss braille on ½inch wide adhesive labeling tape. Adhesive labeling tape is available in several different materials, including transparent vinyl, Teflon, and aluminum, and in other widths, such as 5/8 inch. Teflon labels can be sewn onto clothing to provide information about colors, and these labels will survive washing. In addition to labeling tape, there are also sheets of adhesive plastic that can be brailled using non-specialized slates and then cut into labels of the desired size.
Specialized labeling slates. Slates designed for labeling specific items such as playing cards and cassette labels were mentioned in the above section on braille slates.
Specialized non-slate braillers. A number of specialized non-slate braillers are available. An example is the Click Pocket Brailler sold by Maxi-Aids, which fits on a keychain and which is designed for marking paper money with braille numbers. It has two metal plates embossed with the braille numbers 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. The appropriate number is embossed onto a bill by placing its edge between the plates and squeezing. No stylus is involved, so technically this brailler is not a braille slate.
Handheld braille labelers. The 3M Corporation makes a braille labeler that embosses braille on vinyl adhesive tape or magnetic tape. It is similar to the handheld devices used by sighted persons to emboss raised letters on labeling tape. It has a wheel that is turned to select the letters to be embossed, including the entire braille alphabet plus contractions. The wheel shows letters in both print and braille, so this labeler can be used by sighted persons who do not know braille but who want to create braille labels.
Figure 14: The 3M Braille Labeler is a handheld device used to emboss braille
on adhesive plastic tape.
Magnetic labeling tape and metal labelers. Magnetic labeling tape is used for metal surfaces. As indicated above, it can be brailled using the 3M Braille Labeler, or it can be brailled with the Braille Metal Labeler sold by Maxi-Aids.
Desktop braille labeler for sighted use. Except for the 3M Braille Labeler, the braille labeling devices mentioned so far require knowledge of braille. The KGS Braille Labeler is a desktop labeler that can also be used by persons with no braille experience. It makes transparent single-line adhesive labels, which can be used to label hotel keys, signs, simple maps, cassettes, CD cases, vending machines, telephones, and other items. To make a label, the user selects grade 1 (the default) or grade 2 braille, then chooses individual letters, numbers, and punctuation marks from a small visual screen. Text can be edited and stored in the unit's memory. When the user has finished entering the text to be embossed, the unit indicates which of three available label sizes (fitting 7, 15, or 25 braille characters) should be used.
Figure 15: The KGS Braille Labeler is an electronic labeler that is operated
through a keypad.
Dot inverter. The Swail dot inverter, sold by the American Printing House for the Blind, is a special braille stylus used to add braille to charts, diagrams, graphs, and maps. A sighted person adding braille to a map needs to see where the braille label should be located, but ordinary brailling is done from the back. The dot inverter allows brailling to be done from the front. Unlike a regular stylus that is pushed into the paper to form a raised dot on the other side, the dot inverter works by puncturing the paper on the down stroke and then pulling the paper upward on the up stroke to form a raised dot. A 12 by 12-inch, rubber pad is included with the dot inverter for protecting the table surface as the dot inverter is used.
Choosing Manual Braille Writing Aids and Labelers
Choosing Manual Braille Writing Tools.
The following are some considerations on choosing manual braille writing tools:
- Those who want to take notes on the go should try a pocket slate and note-size paper or index cards.
- Those who want to take notes in class or at business meetings may also want to consider a desk slate or other full size slate with 8.5 by 11-inch paper.
- Those with diabetic neuropathy should consider a jumbo slate, with or without a jumbo stylus, depending on whether they prefer reading


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BeritaBali.com reports that Bali's Environmental Protection Agency (BLH) has recorded salt water intrusion into the ground water supply at distances between 39 and 330 meters from the shore line. The BLH is blaming this development on the high usage of ground water, particularly by the hotel sector.
The worst affected areas are in Sanur, Kuta, Candi Dasa and Nusa Dua. Meanwhile, the use of ground water in Denpasar is now approaching 3 million cubic meters per month.
The head of the technical laboratory division of BLH, Gede Surjana, said he is concerned by the degree of salt water intrusion into Bali's water supply and the level of salinity measured in ground water samples. He further warned that if something is not done soon to limit the over-use of ground water, Bali will face a clean water crisis by 2020.
He estimates the maximum permissible use of ground water for all of Bali stands as 300 million cubic meters per year.
Discovery Tours. Articles may be quoted and reproduced
if attributed to _URL_.


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Year 2 learn about Sikhism
Avani proudly presented a special visitor to our Year 2 class. The visitor was her grandfather, Mr Gill! Mr Gill had kindly come into school to talk about his religion, Sikhism.
Avani and Inisa alongside Mr Gill wore their beautiful traditional costumes. Mr Gill's turban and real dagger certainly raised the children's curiosity!
Mr Gill explained about the ten Gurus (teachers), the holy book (Guru Granth Sahib) and the 5 K's. The children were intrigued to learn about the custom of leaving hair uncut (Kesh), saw and touched the comb and bangle (Kanga and Kara ) and were fascinated by the idea of wearing the special shorts (Kachera. They understood that there are symbolic meanings for the 5 K's.
The children were delighted when Mr Gill handed out homemade sweets (Kara Parshad). Apparently the sweetness symbolises the sweetness of God and the eating together symbolises equality.
According to one parent her daughter could not stop talking about the visit all the way home!


text:
Mountains along Australia's eastern seaboard are brimming with opportunities for the construction of pumped hydro systems that could help secure the country's energy future, according to a survey conducted by the Australian National University (ANU).
A team of researchers is scouring the country for sites where pumped hydro systems could be constructed — and has already identified about 5,000 sites across Tasmania, Queensland, the ACT and surrounding parts of NSW.
South Australia was previously found to have 185 sites where viable systems could be built.
ANU Professor Andrew Blakers said the team was still searching in other states, and had already identified more sites than Australia could conceivably need.
"We have already found 35 times more sites than are required to support a 100 per cent Australian renewable electricity system," he said.
"The best sites are on high hills with the possibility of another reservoir much lower down the hill, preferably 300-600 metres down the hill.
"Preferably the hill is very steep, so that the pipe or tunnel joining two the reservoirs is short."
'No shortage' of sites across country
Pumped hydro provides a simple and established way to store electricity for when it is needed, and acts as a necessary backup to renewable sources when wind and sunshine are in short supply.
When electricity is abundant water can be pumped to the top dam — and when energy is in short supply the water can be released, running through a turbine and back to the lower reservoir.
The proposed Snowy 2.0 expansion announced by Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull in March would see the Snowy Hydro scheme's pumping capabilities expanded.
Professor Blakers said up and down the east coast of Australia, the Great Dividing Range was full of suitable sites which had the added bonus of being close to established infrastructure.
"The smaller sites that we're talking about are still seven times larger than the Tesla battery that will go in to support the grid in South Australia, ranging up to much more than 100 times larger — pushing up to 1,000 times larger than the battery."
Cost of systems 'competitive'
The capital cost of installing new pumped hydro systems can be high, sparking concern from some experts the economics would not be feasible.
But Professor Blakers said low running costs would make the systems worthwhile once they were up and operating.
"This is very competitive with any other form of storage," he said.
"Interestingly the total cost of the whole system, including the storage, the power lines, and the wind and [solar cells] is going to be cheaper than simply maintaining the current system."


Introduction to TokenScript
TokenScript is a framework which improves functionality, security and usability of blockchain token in multiple ways.
TokenScript is a JavaScript / XML framework for blockchain token which creates a layer between a blockchain and user devices.
TokenScript allows token issuers and other trusted authorities to enrich a given token with a wide set of information, rules and functionalities. With TokenScript wallets and webservices can easily, securely and privately implement a token with all its functions, both onchain and offchain, without the need to understand the underlying smart contract.
If you are a token issuer, TokenScript allows you to package and deliver the HTML/JavaScript code which is needed to access the token contract. Wallets can run the token as a mini dapp, and websites can integrate its full functionality. You can add any app, information and rules to your token, without the need to care about the restrictions of a smart contract. You can even render the token functionality due to the circumstances and create interoperability with other tokens.
TokenScript addresses the trust, interoperability, privacy and security issues that arises when you need to make your users access your token in their wallets or from a 3rd party website. It creates an environment in which token can be used more securely and more privately, and in which token and other services can easily and securely interoperate without trust problems.


illustrating Science Fiction.
Here's an Ancient Novel About Aliens, UFOs, and Robots Written in the 2nd Century
The man who introduced science fiction to society.
Nearly two millennia before Jules Verne and H. G. Wells started writing about science fiction, Lucian of Samosata, a Syrian satirist, and rhetorician, introduced the world to science fiction, envisioning a future where humankind would find alien life, take place in interplanetary warfare, and come to know artificial life among other things.
Lucian of Samosata is widely recognized as one of the earliest novelists in Western Civilization, and many scholars argue he is the father of science fiction.
Lucian, a Syrian writer who penned down his works in the Greek language, lived from the year 125 and covered various topics such as extraterrestrials, spaceships, and robots, two millennia before the novels of Jules Verne or G.H. Wells appeared.
He developed stories in the key of what today, two millennia later, we conceive as science-fiction.
The birth of science fiction
Lucian narrates the adventures of Lucian and his crew, all of who were cosmonauts, flying ships, television projections, talking machines, artificial intelligence, encounters with aliens, space battles, ufos, humanoids, as well as cities erected inside a living organism.
Illustration from 1894 by Aubrey Vincent Beardsley depicting a battle scene from Book One of Lucian's novel A True Story. Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain.
Illustration from 1894 by Aubrey Vincent Beardsley depicting a battle scene from Book One of Lucian of Samosata's novel A True Story. Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain.
His work, "A True Story," is a fictional narrative in which he anticipated modern science fiction themes.
The work begins with Lucian and his fellow travelers journeying out past the Pillars of Heracles, after which they are blown off course due to a powerful storm.
They end up on an island that has a river of wine filled with fish and bears.
They don't remain long on the island and make their way when captured by a whirlwind, which ends up taking them on to the moon.
There, they find themselves in the middle of a war between the rulers of the moon and the sun, who are fighting a cosmic battle over the colonization of the 'Morning Star.'
Both armies are described as having bizarre forms of life, half mechanic, half biological.
The armies of the Sun eventually come out on top, after which a peace treaty is signed. In his work, Lucian details how life on Earth is different from that on Earth.
Eventually, Lucian and his fellow travelers are swallowed by a 200-mile-long whale as they return to Earth. Inside the creature's belly, they find a variety of fish people inhabiting its inside.
They wage war against the mysterious creatures and eventually kill the whale after starting a bonfire in its interior. Ultimately, the manage to open the whale's mouth and escape.
As they continue their voyage, they encounter a massive abyss in the ocean but manage to travel beside it. This leads them to discover a distant continent that they decide to explore.
The writing ends abruptly with Lucian stating that their future adventures will be described in the upcoming sequels, none of which were ever published.
Lucian's work also describes adventures and stories of incredible shipwrecks; He wrote about ships sailing through extraordinary worlds, like an island of dreams, or fantastically wandering through forests and landscapes in space.
Lucian is noted for being the first writer to separate reality from fiction, which was not very clear at that time.
It is noteworthy to mention that Lucian's book A True Story is also an early expression of the idea of traveling across the Atlantic Ocean and exploring the lands that are located on the other side.
This idea predates the journey of Columbus by around 1,400 years.
You can read the novel by clicking here.
Written by Ivan Petricevic
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Which species and what does in matter?
Many claims are made over which deer species produces the best Venison. Claims include subjective comments such as "finer texture", "just a hint of game", "Chef's choice" and so on... all rather confusing. So who makes these claims and what basis are they made?
Who makes the claims: Mostly producers and processors with a commercially based biased point of view. Many Australian producers began their deer farming enterprises starting out with fallow deer as they were readily available as feral stock, are relatively small (no bigger than a sheep, just longer legs) and therefore perceived as being easier to farm. In reality, there is very little difference between the various species.
Why they make the claims: The claims mostly emanate from producers & processors that do not have the infrastructure available to produce and process larger species.
Wild Shot Deer, an important point of difference: throw away comments and claims regarding venison qualities are also made by many wild deer shooters. The shooter can only kill and recover what's available at the time the shot is taken. So, to get around this, they'll tell you, the consumer, what you should buy, regardless of species, size gender or age.
In Australia, two farmed species go head to head more so than the others. Fallow & Red, each with pros and cons. It's not their perceived differences in texture, flavour or tenderness, those qualities can be largely indiscernible, it's more to do with yield and natural fall. Overwhelmingly, it's carcass size that wins, not the breed. Elk are the only exception to the taste test rule - they possess a depth of flavour not found in other species - and they have the ability to marble.
At Hahndorf Venison, we do not hold a bias toward one deer species over another. It is important to note we farm and process several different species. We have the facilities and infrastructure in place to readily identify and segregate like with like. Elk, Red, Fallow, Chital, Sika, Hog, Blackbuck & more. Hahndorf Venison offers guidance and advise, but ultimately we let the product do the talking and allow you to decide.
Elk, Red Deer & Red Deer X Elk have the distinct advantage in that they are bigger and mature at a later age than the smaller species. The larger carcass composition also
means better recovery and minimised waste.
Indisputable facts:
 - a 4 month old Elk will easily achieve a live body weight of 90+ kilograms.
 - A Red Deer X Elk will achieve live weight of 120+ kg at 9 months.
 - The average Fallow Deer buck will struggle to make 50 kg's at 12 months old, mature fallow females rarely exceed 50 kg's.
Unfortunately many of the fancy cuts like cheeks, onglet, babette & others are just not viable to recover from smaller deer < 40kg carcass weight.
So there you have it: Size does matter!
* The email will not be published on the website.


Decoding the architecture of vascular networks.
Eleni Katifori, Rockefeller University
Distribution and structural networks permeate virtually all life, from the cellular to the organismic level. They have allowed organisms to grow in size and complexity by ensuring efficient distribution of nutrients and structural support. Given their importance, these vascular and structural webs have been under strong evolutionary selection and their form frequently reflects important aspects of their function. Using optimization models we examine the design principles behind the evolution of the architecture and topology of vascular and structural networks. Standard complex network tools are not sufficiently nuanced to compare the highly nested architecture that is frequently observed in naturally occurring webs with in silico models. Thus, we develop an algorithmic framework that quantifies the hierarchical organization and topology of weighted graphs dominated by cycles and present some examples (leaf venation, arterial vasculature of the neocortex and others) that elucidates it.


The external services requests endpoint provides operations to invoke the external service request. The inputs property specifies the inputs required by the request. The request can have several inputs, specified in the following format in the request body:
{
 "inputs": {
 "input1": "input1Value",
 "input2": {
 "aProperty": "aValue"
 },
 "input3": [ { "aProperty": "aValue" } ]
 }
}
External services invocation request data model
Property Description
inputs A JSON map that specifies the input properties required by the request. All input properties needed by the request must be defined in the input JSON. Otherwise, the request will fail. This is a required property if the request requires input properties. If the request does not require any input, this property can be omitted.
External services invocation response data model
Property Description
outputs A JSON map that specifies the response dictated by the external service's response mapped by request's response output configuration. The value could be any JSON type, based on the request's response output configuration. This is a required property.
Response codes
Code Message
200 Successful operation.
400 The request could not be completed.
401 You do not have access to this resource.
403 You do not have permissions or are not licensed to make this request.
404 The requested resource was not found.


text:
The SNF Global Health Initiative (GHI) is supporting Sapien Labs in expanding its Global Mind Project, a database that seeks to provide a basis for understanding the factors that promote or undermine mental health, to young people ages 13-17.
Founded in 2016, Sapien Labs aims to understand how the fast-changing world we live in impacts the human brain and mind, identify root causes of negative outcomes, and create preventative strategies that push forward noticeable change. Its Global Mind Project is a major program that tracks mental wellbeing along with sociocultural, lifestyle, and technological factors in dozens of countries with the goal of understanding dominant trends in mental health and their key drivers.
Determined to investigate trends in youth mental health, Sapien Labs hopes that expanding the Global Mind Project from the adult populations it had previously engaged to adolescents will yield valuable insights that can catalyze effective solutions. The youth assessment, launched in August 2023, captures how respondents are feeling and how well they are functioning across a range of cognitive, social, emotional, and physical dimensions.
The SNF-supported expansion seeks to collect hundreds of thousands of new mental health profiles and examine the potential impacts of smartphones, ultra-processed food, cannabis, vaping, and other factors on the youth mental health crisis. Envisioned outcomes include recommendations of preventative strategies for families and schools, academic papers offering insights, and pilot case studies at schools.
As organizations around the world are alarmed by trends of declining mental health among young people, SNF supports Sapien Labs' work to understand the root causes of these trends and inform solutions that can change this trajectory.


British, French and American paratroopers have given a powerful demonstration this weekend of how they can go side-by-side into battle by air.
Formation of RAF Puma from 33 Sqn at RAF Benson. British, French and American paratroopers have given a powerful demonstration of how they can go side-by-side into battle by air.
British troops disembark an RAF A400 on arrival at Keevil Airfield during Exercise Wessex Storm. Across three days of high tempo activity on both the ground and in the air, the 2 PARA Battlegroup has launched on the final mission of Exercise Wessex Storm. Fighting against a free-thinking enemy force on Salisbury Plain, the mission lets the paratroopers show their skills and readiness for short notice operations around the world.
47 Air Dispatch Squadron, 13 Air Assault Support Regiment drop stores onto Salisbury Plain in support of 2 Para Battlegroup during Exercise Wessex Storm.
Credit: Corporal Rob Kane, UK MOD
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Pre-drilling assessments of average porosity and permeability in the geothermal reservoirs of the Danish area
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskriftArtikelForskningpeer review
34 Citationer (Scopus)
Resumé
Denmark constitutes a low-enthalpy geothermal area, and currently geothermal production takes places from two sandstone-rich formations: the Bunter Sandstone and the Gassum formations. These formations form major geothermal reservoirs in the Danish area, but exploration is associated with high geological uncertainty and information about reservoir permeability is difficult to obtain. Prediction of porosity and permeability prior to drilling is therefore essential in order to reduce risks. Geologically these two formations represent excellent examples of sandstone diversity, since they were deposited in a variety of environments during arid and humid climatic conditions. The study is based on geological and petrophysical data acquired in deep wells onshore Denmark, including conventional core analysis data and well-logs. A method for assessing and predicting the average porosity and permeability of geothermal prospects within the Danish area is presented. Firstly, a porosity-depth trend is established in order to predict porosity. Subsequently, in order to predict permeability, a porosity–permeability relation is established and then refined in steps. Both one basin-wide and one local permeability model are generated. Two porosity-depth models are established. It is shown that the average permeability of a geothermal prospect can be modelled (predicted) using a local permeability model, i.e. a model valid for a geological province including the prospect. The local permeability model is related to a general permeability model through a constant, and the general model thus acts as a template. The applied averaging technique reduces the scatter that is normally seen in a porosity–permeability plot including all raw core analysis measurements and thus narrows the uncertainty band attached to the average permeability estimate for a reservoir layer. A "best practice" technique for predicting average porosity and permeability of geothermal prospects on the basis of core analysis data and well-logs is suggested. The porosity is primarily related to depth, whereas the permeability also depends on porosity, mineralogy and grain size, which are controlled by the depositional environment. Our results indicate that porosity and permeability assessments should be based on averaged data and not raw conventional core analysis data. The uncertainty range of permeability values is significantly lower, when average values are used.
OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer6
Antal sider27
TidsskriftGeothermal Energy
Vol/bind4
Udgave nummer1
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 1 dec. 2016
Programområde
 - Programområde 3: Energiressourcer
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Beware the shiny light that is MmIsAddressValid
This came up on NTDEV today and has come up in the past (both in the community and internally on the KMDF team). MmIsAddressValid appears to be a great function given its name. You pass in a kernel virtual address (VA from now on) and it returns TRUE is the pointer is valid and FALSE otherwise. It appears that you can use to validate a pointer before accessing it, a function similar to the user mode APIs IsBadReadPtr and IsBadWritePtr. Unfortunately, this function does nothing of the sort.
So what does it do? It tells you if a dereference of the VA will result in a page fault or not. It does not tell you if the VA is valid or not. MmIsAddressValid will blindly dereference the VA when determining the return value, so the implementation itself does not validate the address (like all other kernel functions). On some versions of Windows, PagedPool lie within a specific range of addresses, so MmIsAddressvalid can theoritically make a simple value comparison of the VA against that range and return TRUe (this is a drastic simplification, the actual implementation is much more complicated).
What if this function did return whether the VA was valid? Woudl it still be useful? The answer is no and for the same reasons that IsBadReadPtr and friends are not useful. The answer is transitory. As soon as it returns the result, another thread can execute and free the address (as MSDN states for the user mode APIs).
In conclusion, you need to know the validity of your pointers a priori. Of course you must validate any user mode pointers you recieve in your driver, but you cannot take a random kernel address and test it for validity. Like Raymond says, "programming is hard," and you must be 100% in your code or else BSOD the machine.
Comments (8)
 1. JeffCurless says:
 I've always wondered why these functions still exist. Is there really a valid reason for their use? Since you can't trust them anyway, they are pretty worthless.
 2. That's a good question and I poked around. It is used internally in the kernel for checking the state of allocatoins that the kernel owns. For instance, there is a check to see if the a driver image has been paged out or not. The value of this function to driver writers is debatable though, but IMO, like many kernel specific functions, they were exported to drivers and the scenario for their use outside the kernel was never clearly defined.
 3. Garry Trinder says:
 It's probably can be also used to fail faster on invalid inputs and give some hints on cause (to user or application).
 Catching access violation exception over large chunck of code and returning it as error code is last resort.
 MmIsAddressValid simply add additonal try/catch for smaller blocks with minimal memory access functionality.
 4. strik says:
 Isn't MmProbeAndLockPages ( (with an appropriate try/except block) the function people might want to have used when they call MmIsAddressValid?
 5. TAG, no you cannot use MmIsAddressValid to validate input. If you are going to validate a user buffer, you need to use MmProbeAndLockPages. If you touch an invalid kernel pointer, you will bugcheck regardless of SEH surrounding that access. Wrapping each pointer access with SEH will also just suppress the error until some other point in time in the driver (and throw out any chance for the compiler to optimize the code around the SEH block).
 strik, yes to validate a user buffer, MmProbeAndLockPages is the right API to call. My point is that folks get a random KM pointer and want to validate it and MmIsAddressValid does not do that.
 I think it would be clearer if you think of MmIsAddressValid as MmWillAddressCauseAPageFaultWhenAccessed.
 6. Alex says:
 I that possible to implement IsBadReadPtr for kernel mode?
 7. IsBadRead/WritePtr is tricky subject.
 In user mode, both of these APIs should NEVER ever be used. they mask errors and cause corruption very quickly.
 In kernel mode, there is no such APIs, but when a driver is getting a user mode pointer (as through a METHOD_NEITHER IOCTL or an embedded pointer in an IOCTL input buffer), it must always validate the pointer through a probe call. typically you probe and lock and map the buffer to a kernel mode virtual address so you can use the buffer later outside of the context of the app. at the very least if the driver is going to touch the user mode address directly (in the context of the app only!), the driver needs to access the buffer in a structured exception block (ie SEH, __try / __except) to catch access to an invalid memory address.
 In kernel mode, for kernel mode pointers, you should always know if the pointer is valid or not and never access the kernel address under a SEH block.
 8. Vassili Gorshkov says:
 From what we see MmProbeAndLockPages() will BSOD if used with invalid address too. So this approach is not good either.
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[en] Highlights: • A spring is introduced into the TENG for harvesting water wave energy. • The spring can translate the low frequency motion into a high frequency motion. • By using the spring, the energy conversion efficiency can be enhanced by 150.3%. Ocean waves are one of the most promising renewable energy sources for large-scope applications. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been demonstrated to effectively harvest water wave energy possibly toward large-scale blue energy. In this work, a kind of spring-assisted TENG was designed and investigated for harvesting water wave energy. The idea of introducing spring is to store the potential energy built during mechanical triggering for multiple cycles of conversion into electricity afterward, and transform a low frequency motion into a high frequency oscillation for improving the energy harvesting efficiency. The output performance of the basic unit was optimized by adjusting the motor acceleration and spring parameters including the rigidity and length. There exists an optimized spring rigidity or spring length to produce the highest performance. By using the spring, the accumulated charge of the TENG can be increased by 113.0%, and the translated electric energy or efficiency can be improved by 150.3%. Then four optimized basic units were connected in parallel and packaged into a sealed box to harvest the water wave energy. The present work could provide an approach to improving the output performance and efficiency of TENGs in harvesting low-frequency water wave energy.


Resources > R Code samples > Latin Square ANOVA
Latin Square ANOVA
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Latin Square ANOVA
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The following R code analyzes the yield dataset for a 5x5 Latin Square design by creating the yield dataset as a data frame, y, and then fitting a linear model using the lm() function to the data. This analyzes the yield in terms of the row, column and treatment effects and produces a summary table. The anova() statement performs the ANOVA, which we then display in table form (note that R does not display the totals row). The two matrix() functions display the design matrix and the data matrix in 5x5 format, as illustrated.
R Code
## setup framework for rows, columns and treatments
rows<- c(rep("r1",1), rep("r2",1), rep("r3",1), rep("r4",1), rep("r5",1))
cols<- c(rep("cA",5), rep("cB",5), rep("cC",5), rep("cD",5), rep("cE",5))
treatments<- c("A","C","D","E","B", "D","B","C","A","E", "E","A","B","C","D", "B","E","A","D","C", "C","D","E","B","A")
matrix(y$treatments, 5,5)
## assign data to variable "yield"
yield<- c(7.4,11.8,10.1,8.8,11.8,8.9,6.5,17.9,10.1,8.8,5.8,8.7,9.0,15.7,14.3,12.0,7.6,8.5,11.1,18.4,14.3,7.9,7.1,7.4,10.1)
matrix(y$yield, 5,5)
y<- data.frame(cols,rows,treatments, yield)
## create a 2x2 plot array
par(mfrow=c(2,2))
## generate box plots of yield versus the 3 factors
plot(yield ~ rows+cols+treatments,y)
## apply a linear model
yfit <- lm(yield ~ rows+cols+treatments, y)
## compute the analysis of variance table
anova(yfit)

Matrix outputs:

 [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] "A" "D" "E" "B" "C"
[2,] "C" "B" "A" "E" "D"
[3,] "D" "C" "B" "A" "E"
[4,] "E" "A" "C" "D" "B"
[5,] "B" "E" "D" "C" "A"

 [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 7.4 8.9 5.8 12.0 14.3
[2,] 11.8 6.5 8.7 7.6 7.9
[3,] 10.1 17.9 9.0 8.5 7.1
[4,] 8.8 10.1 15.7 11.1 7.4
[5,] 11.8 8.8 14.3 18.4 10.1
Plot output
aovplot2


text:
Is the fluffiness of snow measured, if so, how is that measurement determined?
Fluffy snow is a snow-shoveler's delight. It weighs so little that even a few inches of it can be whisked off the sidewalk with a broom.
Studies have shown that the fluffiest snow typically occurs with light winds and temperatures in the teens. Strong wind tends to smash snowflakes as they land, allowing them to pack closer together; and snow crystals are usually smaller at temperatures below the teens, and they too pack more tightly.
The fluffiness of snow is not directly measured, but it's easy to determine: Simply divide the snow depth by its meltwater equivalent. For example, as measured at Midway Airport on Jan. 15, 1976, 1.9 inches of snow yielded only 0.02 inch of water, for a snow-to-water ratio of 95-to-1. Normal snow has a 12-to-1 ratio.


text:
NRG says the system differs from Scada systems, which use sensors to detect component faults but often require trained maintenance staff to understand the data. TurbinePhD instead uses digital signal-processing techniques to detect component wear before a fault develops. Sensors with embedded processors use algorithms to diagnose problems and then transmit data to a secure website.
"Our system borrows technology from the aerospace industry to diagnose early-stage wear - months in advance of a fault - and then to accurately estimate the remaining useful life of each component," said Eric Bechhoefer, chief engineer at NRG Systems. "We also eliminate the need for a diagnostic engineer by integrating data into a single, readily understandable health indicator for each component. The data can be read and acted upon by anyone."
NRG says the system integrates multiple condition indicators into this single health indicator, eliminating the need for the engineering interpretation required by traditional systems. These indicators are accessible online, along with all of the data supporting the diagnosis. The product, which is currently in beta testing, is set to be launched in the summer.
The news came as NRG chief executive Jan Blittersdorf was recognised by the US White House as one of 10 Champions of Change for renewable energy.


The Blue Cross Blue Shield Association (BCBSA) is a federation of 39 separate health insurance organizations and companies in the United States. Combined, they directly or indirectly provide health insurance to over 100 million Americans. The history of Blue Cross dates back to 1929, while the history of Blue Shield dates to 1939. The Blue Cross Association dates back to 1960, while its Blue Shield counterpart was actually created in 1948.


text:
A press conference was held at the CCC on the results of the work SPCGF
Today, the Central Communications Service held a press conference on the results of the work of the A.I.Barayev Scientific and Production Center for the Grain Economy for 2018. It was attended by the General Director of SPCGF Kenzhe Abdullaev. During the meeting with journalists, the head of the Centre talked about the results of the first project on precision farming in northern Kazakhstan, about the full-scale implementation of the program of digitization of agriculture on behalf of the Head of State, and answered questions from the media.
In 2018 within the framework of digitalization on the basis of the A.I. Barayev Scientific and Production Center for Grain Farming launched a pilot project for the introduction of "precision farming". Using the example of spring wheat production, the efficiency of using resource-saving technology with elements of precision farming in comparison with traditional farming without using elements of precision farming was considered. The result of the use of precision farming in 2018 is a high yield of 25.4 centners per hectare, as well as an average resource saving of 5-15%. Compared with resource-saving farming, the profitability of spring wheat production with elements of precision farming reaches 38.5% per year.
On typical soils of the Akmola region, soil plots were selected and an experimental landfill was set up on an area of 3.000 ha in the land use of A.I. Barayev "SPCGF". Due to the available human resources, the potential of knowledge of scientific personnel in 2018, the company obtained the yield of spring wheat 2.5 c/ha. The average yield of spring wheat in the fields of the land plot for precision farming was 25.4 entners per hectare, and in fields with traditional cultivation technology, 18.7 centners per hectare with an average yield in the regions of 12.2 and 12.7 respectively.
During 2018, a financial and economic rationale was developed to increase the authorized capital of the National Agrarian Scientific Educational Center with the subsequent increase in the authorized capital of the A.I. Barayev "Scientific and Production Center of the Grain Farming" in order to implement the project. Creating an experimental-technological platform of precision farming on the basis of A.I. Barayev "Scientific and Production Center of Grain Farming" the amount of 1046.8 million tenge. The result was the acquisition of new high-performance agricultural equipment.
Intensive cultivation studies are being conducted aimed at improving the environmental sustainability of the cultivated varieties, primarily grain, legumes and cereals. Currently, cultivation work is carried out on 17 crops, and for such as millet, buckwheat, oats, peas, chickpeas, lentils, wheat grass, the Center is the only institution in Kazakhstan. More than 90 thousand samples of agricultural plants are being studied annually; more than 2 thousand crossing combinations are carried out, involving sources and donors from 59 countries of the world in the process of hybridization. Varieties of spring wheat of the Center in the general structure of crops of varieties of Kazakhstan selection occupy 63%. In the Akmola region, the share of varieties of the Center's cultivation has increased 3 times since 2002 and amounts to 76.5%.
According to Kenzhe Abdullaev, the year 2018 was successful and fruitful for the A.I.Barayev Research and Production Centre for Grain Farming. So the researchers of the durum wheat laboratory were able to get 46.5 harvest centers from the Damsinskaya 2017 variety. Research work began in 2015. The peculiarity of this variety is it's resistant to various diseases and drought. The variety "Damsinskaya 2017" is adapted for cultivation in the northern regions of our country. Environmental trials took place in the north Kazakhstan region, where this variety yielded a yield of 46.3 centners. Recall that, in comparison with 2017, in A.I. Barayev SPCGF the yield of spring wheat increased by more than 2.5 times and in 2018 amounted to 25.5 c/ha.
As a result of the implementation of the Scientific and Technical Programs, 52 agrotechnologies and their technological schemes were developed and adapted, 41 recommendations on the practical application of the NTP results were issued, 40 applications for patenting were filed, and database on the management of production processes in crop production was generated.
A.I.Barayev "SPCGF" supported the initiative of the Head of State and increased the salary of workers by 10%.
The mission of the Center's strategy until 2023 is to provide scientific support for the development of the agro-industrial sector in the field of crop farming and ecology in the steppe regions of Kazakhstan.
344 -рет қаралды


text:
Origin and Etymology of mere
Examples of mere in a Sentence
the mere idea of your traveling alone to Europe is ridiculous
Definition of -mere
MERE Defined for English Language Learners
Definition of mere for English Language Learners
—used to say that something or someone is small, unimportant, etc.
—used to say that something small is important or has a big effect or influence
MERE Defined for Kids
Definition of mere for Students
- mere rumors
- a mere child
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Waldmann's disease: a rare cause of protein losing enteropathy in an adult patient.
Abstract : Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia or Waldmann's disease is an uncommon cause of protein losing enteropathy with an unknown etiology and is usually diagnosed during childhood. It is characterized by dilation and leakage of intestinal lymph vessels leading to hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphopenia. Differential diagnosis should include erosive and non-erosive gastrointestinal disorders, conditions involving mesenteric lymphatic obstruction and cardiovascular disorders that increase central venous pressure. Since there are no accurate serological or radiological available tests, enteroscopy with histopathological examination based on intestinal biopsy specimens is currently the gold standard diagnostic modality of intestinal lymphangiectasia. We report a rare case of a primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in a 60-year-old Caucasian female who presented with asymptomatic hypoalbuminemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. After the diagnosis of a protein losing enteropathy, the patient underwent an enteroscopy and biopsies were taken, whose histological examination confirmed dilated intestinal lymphatics with broadened villi of the small bowel. Secondary causes of intestinal lymphangiectasia were excluded and the diagnosis of Waldmann's disease was recorded. The patient was put on a high-protein and low-fat diet with medium-chain triglyceride supplementation with improvement.
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Contributeur : Lnc - Université de Bourgogne <>
Soumis le : vendredi 16 juin 2017 - 18:25:15
Dernière modification le : vendredi 8 juin 2018 - 14:50:25
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Citation
Cláudio Martins, Alice Gagnaire, Florian Rostain, Come Lepage. Waldmann's disease: a rare cause of protein losing enteropathy in an adult patient.. Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas, Spanish Society of Digestive Pathology, 2017, 109, pp.385-388. ⟨10.17235/reed.2017.4593/2016⟩. ⟨hal-01540966⟩
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text: Recently, lasing action and subsequent optical parametric oscillation has been demonstrated inside a single crystal of Nd:MgO:LiNbO3 that is pumped by semiconductor diodes. This device, known as OPOL (Optical Parametric Oscillator/Laser), is a highly efficient, continuously tunable coherent optical source that can generate near and mid-IR wavelengths in a compact unit. An OPAL (Optical Parametric Amplifier/Laser) is a similar device that can amplify weak signals. AN OPOL can be used to generate eyesafe wavelengths whereas an OPAL can be used to amplify weak return signals, and in combination can provide eye-safe operation, effective range enhancement and wavelength agility in a range finder. The AN/GVS-5 is a hand-held range finder that is powered by a 24 V dc battery, and uses a flash lamp pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm for its operation to provide a maximum range of 10 km. In this paper, the design of a battery operated OPOL and OPAL is presented, and their application in retrofitting the AN/GVS5 unit to provide eyesafe and wavelength agile operation is discussed.


Definition of astrobiology in English:
astrobiology
noun
mass noun
 - The branch of biology concerned with the study of life on earth and in space.
 - 'A key issue in astrobiology is to understand the processes responsible for the geological and geophysical evolution of terrestrial planets.'
 - 'A lot of the chemists and geologists and biologists working in astrobiology are fixated on the details, because the history of life and the Earth is really just a catalogue of historical accidents.'
 - 'It is involved today in research in aeronautics, high-speed computing, and astrobiology.'
 - 'While evidence for microbial life on Mars is mounting, far more work needs to be done before any conclusions can be made.'
 - 'If this is confirmed, it will be bad news for those who've been expecting that confirmation of past life on Mars would provide a burst of energy for the field of astrobiology.'
 - 'Now, why do you suppose someone would steal astrobiology specimens?'
 - 'So how did Davies become interested in physics and eventually astrobiology?'
 - 'He is a well-known expert in the field of astrobiology and its cultural implications.'
 - 'However, the search for life beyond Earth, which underpins the burgeoning field of astrobiology, is based on a belief that chance played only a subordinate role.'
 - 'The relationship between astrosociology and astrobiology is strong due to cultural values that favor determining if Earthlings represent the only species in the universe.'
 - 'Without many people realizing it, debate in astrobiology is being actively manipulated by deeply held theological beliefs.'
 - 'In addition, reduced astrobiology funding will likely work against the President's stated goal of encouraging more young Americans to pursue science and technology careers, Shostak said.'
 - 'Courses related to astrobiology are offered in the departments of geology, biology, physics, and electrical engineering.'
 - 'The discovery has profound implications for astrobiology.'
 - 'The center researches aeronautics, astrobiology and supercomputing.'
 - 'Our goal is to promote, conduct, and lead integrated multidisciplinary astrobiology research and to train a new generation of astrobiology researchers.'
 - 'As a PhD student studying astrobiology in Australia, I was pleased to see you identify the Moon as one of God's better ideas.'
 - 'This helps explain the importance of recent theoretical developments in the emerging field of astrobiology.'
 - 'For those involved with the fledgling science of astrobiology, this is a central issue.'
 - 'My work, in part, deals with astrobiology from an astronomer's viewpoint.'
Pronunciation
astrobiology


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Ordasity is Boundary's library for building stateful clustered services on the JVM.
Table of Contents
 1. Overview, Use Cases, and Features
 2. A Clustered Service in 30 Seconds
 3. In Action at Boundary
 4. Distribution / Coordination Strategy
 5. Rebalancing
 6. Draining and Handoff
 7. Wrapping Up
 8. API Documentation
Building Stateful Clustered Services on the JVM
Ordasity is a library designed to make building and deploying reliable clustered services on the JVM as straightforward as possible. It's written in Scala and uses Zookeeper for coordination.
Primary Use Cases
Ordasity is designed to spread persistent or long-lived workloads across several machines. It's a toolkit for building systems which can be described in terms of individual nodes serving a partition or shard of a cluster's total load. Ordasity is not designed to express a "token range" (though it may be possible to implement one); the focus is on discrete work units.
 - Cluster membership (joining / leaving / mutual awareness)
 - Work claiming and distribution
 - Load-based workload balancing
 - Count-based workload balancing
 - Automatic periodic rebalancing
 - Graceful cluster exiting ("draining")
 - Graceful handoff of work units between nodes
 - Pegging of work units to a specific node
A Clustered Service in 30 Seconds
Let's get started with an example. Here's how to build a clustered service in 25 lines of code with Ordasity:
 import com.yammer.metrics.scala.Meter
 import com.twitter.common.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient
 import com.boundary.ordasity.{Cluster, ClusterConfig, SmartListener}
 class MyService {
 val listener = new SmartListener {
 // Called after successfully joining the cluster.
 def onJoin(client: ZooKeeperClient) { }
 // Do yer thang, mark that meter.
 def startWork(workUnit: String, meter: Meter) { }
 // Stop doin' that thang.
 def shutdownWork(workUnit: String) { }
 // Called after leaving the cluster.
 def onLeave() { }
 val config = new ClusterConfig("localhost:2181")
 val cluster = new Cluster("ServiceName", listener, config)
Maven folks and friends with compatible packaging systems, here's the info for your pom.xml:

 Boundary Public
In Action at Boundary
At Boundary, the library holds together our pubsub and event stream processing systems. It's a critical part of ensuring that at any moment, we're consuming and aggregating data from our network of collectors at one tier, and processing this data at hundreds of megabits a second in another. Ordasity also helps keep track of the mappings between these services, wiring everything together for us behind the scenes.
Ordasity's distribution enables us to spread the work of our pubsub aggregation and event stream processing systems across any number of nodes. Automatic load balancing keeps the cluster's workload evenly distributed, with nodes handing off work to others as workload changes. Graceful draining and handoff allows us to iterate rapidly on these systems, continously deploying updates without disrupting operation of the cluster. Ordasity's membership and work claiming approach ensures transparent failover within a couple seconds if a node becomes unavailable due to a network partition or system failure.
Distribution / Coordination Strategy
Ordasity's architecture is masterless, relying on Zookeeper only for coordination between individual nodes. The service is designed around the principle that many nodes acting together under a common set of rules can cooperatively form a self-organizing, self-regulating system.
Ordasity supports two work claiming strategies: "simple" (count-based), and "smart" (load-based).
Count-Based Distribution
The count-based distribution strategy is simple. When in effect, each node in the cluster will attempt to claim its fair share of available work units according to the following formula:
 val maxToClaim = {
 if (allWorkUnits.size <= 1) allWorkUnits.size
 else (allWorkUnits.size / nodeCount.toDouble).ceil
If zero or one work units are present, the node will attempt to claim up to one work unit. Otherwise, the node will attempt to claim up to the number of work units divided by the number of active nodes.
Load-Based Distribution
Ordasity's load-based distribution strategy assumes that all work units are not equal. It's unlikely that balancing simply by count will result in an even load distribution -- some nodes would probably end up much busier than others. The load-based strategy is smarter. It divides up work based on the amount of actual "work" done.
Meters Measure Load
When you enable smart balancing and initialize Ordasity with a SmartListener, you get back a "meter" to mark when work occurs. Here's a simple, contrived example:
 val listener = new SmartListener {
 def startWork(workUnit: String, meter: Meter) = {
 val somethingOrOther = new Runnable() {
 def run() {
 while (true) {
 val processingAmount = process(workUnit)
 new Thread(somethingOrOther).start()
Ordasity uses this meter to determine how much "work" each work unit in the cluster represents. If the application were a database or frontend to a data service, you might mark the meter each time a query is performed. In a messaging system, you'd mark it each time a message is sent or received. In an event stream processing system, you'd mark it each time an event is processed. You get the idea.
(Bonus: Each of these meters expose their metrics via JMX, providing you and your operations team with insight into what's happening when your service is in production).
Knowing the Load Lets us Balance
Ordasity checks the meters once per minute (configurable) and updates this information in Zookeeper. The "load map" determines the actual load represented by each work unit. All nodes watch the cluster's "load map" and are notified via Zookeeper's Atomic Broadcast mechanism when this changes. Each node in the cluster will attempt to claim its fair share of available work units according to the following formula:
 def evenDistribution() : Double = {
 loadMap.values.sum / activeNodeSize().toDouble
As the number of nodes or the load of individual work units change, each node's idea of an "even distribution" changes as well. Using this "even distribution" value, each node will choose to claim additional work, or in the event of a rebalance, drain its workload to other nodes if it's processing more than its fair share.
Ordasity supports automatic and manual rebalancing to even out the cluster's load distribution as workloads change.
To trigger a manual rebalance on all nodes, touch "/service-name/meta/rebalance" in Zookeeper. However, automatic rebalancing is preferred. To enable it, just turn it on in your cluster config:
 val config = new ClusterConfig("localhost:2181").
 setRebalanceInterval(60 * 60) // One hour
As a masterless service, the rebalance process is handled uncoordinated by the node itself. The rebalancing logic is very simple. If a node has more than its fair share of work when a rebalance is triggered, it will drain or release this work to other nodes in the cluster. As the cluster sees this work become available, lighter-loaded nodes will claim it (or receive handoff) and begin processing.
If you're using count-based distribution, it looks like this:
 def simpleRebalance() {
 val target = fairShare()
 if (myWorkUnits.size > target) {"Simple Rebalance triggered. Load: %s. Target: %s.", myWorkUnits.size, target)
If you're using load-based distribution, it looks like this:
 def smartRebalance() {
 val target = evenDistribution()
 if (myLoad() > target) {"Smart Rebalance triggered. Load: %s. Target: %s", myLoad(), target)
Draining and Handoff
To avoid dumping a bucket of work on an already-loaded cluster at once, Ordasity supports "draining." Draining is a process by which a node can gradually release work to other nodes in the cluster. In addition to draining, Ordasity also supports graceful handoff, allowing for a period of overlap during which a new node can begin serving a work unit before the previous owner shuts it down.
Ordasity's work claiming strategies (count-based and load-based) have internal counterparts for releasing work: drainToLoad and drainToCount.
The drainToCount and drainToLoad strategies invoked by a rebalance will release work units until the node's load is just greater than its fair share. That is to say, each node is "generous" in that it will strive to maintain slightly greater than a mathematically even distribution of work to guard against a scenario where work units are caught in a cycle of being claimed, released, and reclaimed continually. (Similarly, both claiming strategies will attempt to claim one unit beyond their fair share to avoid a scenario in which a work unit is claimed by no one).
Ordasity allows you to configure the period of time for a drain to complete:
 val config = new ClusterConfig("localhost:2181").setDrainTime(60) // 60 Seconds
When a drain is initiated, Ordasity will pace the release of work units over