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Industrial tourism in Asturias. Culture #TurismoIndustrial
Look around Admire the industrial heritage
Silhouettes of mining scaffolds dominate the horizon, steam machines rolling over metal tracks, towns born out of industrial paternalism... All a testimony to the richness that flows from underground, from the rivers and seafloor, to how men and women tried to tame nature.
This image is very different from the rural Asturias of the 19th century, whose inhabitants lived off of agriculture and livestock farming and only had a few canning factories and arms factories built in the 18th century. The men and women of Asturias had known about coal for at least two centuries but they had never shown an interest in mining it. But industrialisation required fuel and the Asturian deposits were too highly sought-after.
Mining and Industry Museum of Asturias - MUMI (San Martín del Rey Aurelio).
Don't miss ...
Mining and Industry Museum of Asturias - MUMI - (El Entrego-San Martín del Rey Aurelio).
Samuño Valley Mining Ecomuseum (Ciañu-Langreo).
Sotón Pit (Sotrondio-San Martín del rey Aurelio).
Mining town of Bustiello (Mieres).
Arnáu Mine Museum (Arnáu-Castrillón).
Railway Museum of Asturias (Gijón).
Coal mining opened the way for all the rest. With mining came the metallurgical and steel industry and power production, fuelled also by the abundance of water. The railway became the main figure of industrialisation. The landscape of the Principality was transformed, driving it towards the future.
The Steelworks Museum - MUSI (Langreo).
Asturias's industrial heritage, protected by the Spanish Cultural Heritage Law, includes three types of assets: isolated elements, such as the Tabaco Factory, located in the centre of Gijón; industrial plants, such as the one in Arnáu or the Trubia Arms Factory; and whole landscapes revealing a range of different activities, such as in the Nalón and Caudal basins and, more specifically, the mining landscape of Turón.
The Nalón basin offers three ways to discover Asturias's mining culture and its urban, social and economic importance. The first is by visiting the Mining and Industry Museum in El Entrego and exploring all of its exhibition space. The second is by following this sign: "Come and discover a valley, village and mine". This is what the Samuño Valley Mining Ecomuseum proposes to the traveller. Here you can enjoy a two-kilometre journey in train following the route along which coal extracted from the mines was transported, visit the entrance to the old San Luis Pit and explore the surroundings of the town La Nueva. The third alternative, much more intense, is to enter the darkness of the mine, the place where the real solidarity among the miners was formed. The company Hunosa offers guided visits of the Sotón Pit. Here you will descend down 556 metres in the old pit cage and explore the eighth, ninth and tenth floor.
These buildings and industrial structures dot the horizon of Asturias. Taking a trip along the motorways of the Principality you will see the outlines of the scaffolds that lowered the cages down into the pits, the unique architecture of the mining neighbourhoods, factories, old gas tanks and lofty chimneys. Be surprised by the business centre of Valnalón, the mining town of Bustiello or the scaffolds and pitheads of Mosquitera, Candín or San Fernando. Hidden inside the Salime Hydroelectric Power Station, the largest dam in Asturias, are wall paintings and low relief sculptures by architects and artists, as well as father and son Joaquín Vaquero Palacios and Joaquín Vaquero Turcios.
The motorways also pass by examples of the flourishing food-processing industry or other traditional arts.
Salime Hydroelectric Dam (Grandas de Salime).
Old coal loading dock (Muros de Nalón).
El Gaitero cider factory combines its activities with guided visits of their permanent collection and brewery, ending with a cider tasting session. A lot of other cider-press houses also offer similar activities. The canning industry led to almost a hundred of factories being opened, which provided a traditional source of employment for women. The Permanent Exhibition of the Canning Industry in Candás is located in the old cistern of the Bernardo Alfageme Cannery and Cider Factory.It contains a whole set of equipment that helps you understand the industrial activities and the working conditions of the workers and communities that were formed around about it.
The Mining and Industry Museum (MUMI) in El Entrego explores the historical memory of coal mining and has a mock mine. The Steelworks Museum of Asturias (MUSI) housed in a cooling tower of an old Duro Felguera Plant, in Langreo. The mining complex of Arnáu has one peculiarity that distinguishes it from the rest: some of its galleries run below the sea. Gijón's former railway station, Estación del Norte, now houses the Railway Museum of Asturias (MFA), which tells the history of the railway that became the backbone of life in the industrial revolution.


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Fig. 1: Structure of Cloudnet.
Cloudnet provides a number of algorithms for the continuous analysis of cloud properties which were observed by means of remote-sensing. Cloudnet was founded as a research project supported by the European Commission under the Fifth Framework Programme, contributing to the implementation of the Key Action "Global change, climate and biodiversity" within the Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Currently, it is supported by the seventh framework program of the European Commission as part of ACTRIS that also incorporates Earlinet.
Goals of Cloudnet are:
- To optimise the use of existing data sets to develop and validate new cloud remote sensing synergy algorithms.
- To continuously evaluate the representation of clouds in climate and weather forecast models.
- To demonstrate the potential of an operational network to improve the representation of clouds in models.
Cloudnet at TROPOS
Since August 2011 the vertical structure of clouds and aerosol layers is continuously recorded above TROPOS. This is achieved by means of permanently running measurements of the remote-sensing instruments of the LACROS instrument suite. To obtain an overview of the collected data sets, techniques are required which allow for a robust quality-assured data analysis. For this purpose, TROPOS became member of Cloudnet in December 2011. The structure of Cloudnet is described in Figure 1. On that page you can find quicklooks of a selection of cloudnet-derived parameters obtained from the measurements perfomed of LACROS.
Within ACTRIS it is planned to combine the techniqes applied in Earlinet and Cloudnet. The goal is to add improved capabilities for the characterization of aerosols into the operiational data analysis scheme of Cloudnet. At TROPOS currently a technique is developed in the framework of HD(CP)² to add an aerosol-type categorization into Cloudnet that is based on measurements of multiwavelength-polarization lidar.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Properties
Property Type Default Value Description
path string '' The path for when this component should be rendered. If no path is given the Route will act as the default that matches if no other Route in the Router matches.
component SvelteComponent null The component constructor that will be used for rendering when the Route matches. If component is not set, the children of Route will be rendered instead.
meta object {} An arbitrary object you can pass the Route, to later access it (for example in a11y.createAnnouncement).
primary boolean true If set to false, the parent Router will not manage focus for this Route or any child Routes.
Hooks
Svelte Navigator exposes a few React-esque hooks to access parts of the Routers context. These hooks must always be called during component initialization, because thats when Sveltes getContext must be called.
All navigator hooks return either a readable store you can subscibe to, or a function, that internally interacts with the Routers context.
useNavigate
A hook, that returns a context-aware version of navigate. It will automatically resolve the given link relative to the current Route.

<Router>
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<button on:click="{() => navigate('relativePath')}">
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</button>
<button on:click="{() => navigate('/absolutePath')}">
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It will also resolve a link against the basepath of the Router

<Router basepath="/base">
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<button on:click="{() => navigate('relativePath')}">
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<button on:click="{() => navigate('/absolutePath')}">
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The returned navigate function is identical to the navigate prop, that is passed to a Routes component. useNavigates advantage is, that you can use it easily in deeply nested components.

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The returned navigate function accepts the same parameters as the global navigate function.
Parameters
Parameter Type Default Value Description
to string | number The path you want to navigate to. If to is a number, it is used to navigate in through the existing history stack, to the entry with the index currentStackIndex + to (navigate(-1) is equivalent to hitting the back button in your browser)
options object The navigation options
options.state object {} An arbitrary object, that will be pushed to the history state stack
options.replace boolean false If true, the current entry in the history stack will be replaced with the next navigation, instead of pushing the next navigation onto the stack
useLocation
Access the current location via a readable store and react to changes in location.

useResolve
Resolve a given link relative to the current Route and the Routers basepath. It is used under the hood in Link and useNavigate. You can use it to manually resolve links, when using the link or links actions. (See link)

Relative link
Note, that you might need to re-resolve the link, to avoid stale links on location changes. You can achive this by deriving a store from the $location store, or by forcing Svelte to recompute the reactive resolvedLink variable, by passing $location as a second argument to resolve:

Relative link
useResolvable
Resolve a given link relative to the current Route and the Routers basepath. It works very similar to useResolve, but returns a store of the resolved path, that updates, when location changes. You will prabably want to use useResolvable, when the path you want to resolve does not change, and useResolve, when you're path is changing, for example, when you get it from a prop.
You can use useResolvable to manually resolve links, when using the link or links actions. (See link)

Relative link
useMatch
Use Svelte Navigators matching without needing to use a Route. Returns a readable store with the potential match, that changes, when the location changes.

useParams
Access the parent Routes matched params and wildcards via a readable store.


02/06/12 Keeping Dogs on Chains Should be Prohibitet
| More
Animal Friends' reaction on the case of murdered chained up dog, who bit a boy
- Animal Friends has started a petition to prohibit keeping dogs chained up
After the announcement in the media, about a dog who bit a five years old boy and was killed with an axe by the boy's father afterward, Animal Friends has been getting reactions from citizens that were revolted by the event and by the act of individuals.
According to allegations in the media, in Modruska Munjava near Josipdol, a five years old was alone in the yard and hitting a dog with a stick because it wouldn't let him take a toy. Dog, who was on a chain, attacked the child and bit him all over the head. The boy has recieved medical help and his injuries were sanitized. The boy's father killed the dog with an axe.
Animal Friends warnes that tragical events, such as this, that end up killing the animal and sometimes with human victims, repeat over the years without solving the basic cause of the problem – inadequately handling of dogs and keeping them chained up. Dogs are then being showed as bloodthirsty and dangerous animals that should be beated, without emphasizing the fact that the responsibility for the tragedy lies only in human hands.
Dogs, especialy in smaller rural community, are often kept on chains, which denies them the freedom to move around and forces them to spend their lives in miserable conditions, unable to protect themselves from the weather, being abused and hit by people. They often eat and defecate on the same place and there are numerous cases of chains getting carved in their necks. Chained up dogs are completely uncared for and their natural needs are ignored. During a longtime agony, frustrated by the impossibility to move, dogs progressively become sharp and dangerous guardians that growl and bark on anyone. When they go wild and attack someone, for „unknown reasons", people who were so far their „family members" kill them with firearms or using a hoe or an axe on their head.
Also, it is a parents' responsibility not to leave children alone with dogs, teach them not to tease them, not to pull their tails or ears or hit them with sticks and to teach them how to be peacefuland compassionate towards other living things. Animal Friends demands sanctioning the man who has beaten the dog with an axe for neglect, abuse and killing the dog and for the violation of the Animal Protection Act and Criminal Law, as well as for leaving the child without supervision. As well as it isn't legal and ethical to beat up a man with an axe, it is unacceptable to treat animals that way. He deserves a strict punishment because there is no justification for violence and murder. If the child got injured by a machine, problem would not be solved by destroying the machine, but by reference to the responsibility of parents, which is the case here.
In drafting the Animal Protection Act, Animal Friends' proposal of the prohibition of keeping dogs on chains or tied up otherwise was not accepted. Although the Austrian Law strictly prohibited any way of binding dogs, even a milder version of prohibition of keeping dogs tied up was rejected. Nevertheless, the Animal Protection Act does not allow forcing animals to behave in a way that causes them pain, suffering, injuring or fear; neglecting animals health, accommodation, nutrition an care and restriction of movement in a way that causes them pain, suffering, injuring or fear (Article 4, paragraph 2, items 12, 16 and 21). Pets must be kept according to their needs (Article 48, paragraph 1). Keeping dogs on chains interferes with this stutory prohibitions.
The citizens were shocked by Zlatko Mihaljevic's, who is a chief of community Josipdol, statement regarding the tragic event: "I am sorry that it had happened, especially because we have spent a lot of budget money on fighting against stray dogs and properly removal of their corpses." Stray dogs are often abandoned and abused dogs and no one should fight against them, nor it is killing them, what Mr. Mihaljevic suggests, a solution appropriate for a civilized country and humane society. Local communities have a legal obligation to sort out the problem of abandoned animals by building shelters, microchipping and neutering the dogs, punishing irresponsible people for abandoning and abusing the animals, raising citizens awareness about animal protection, starting at kindergartens and schools, and encouraging the citizens through media and public advertising to adopt dogs.
Dogs and other animals are beings that have their needs and they feel pain and suffer when being neglected and abused, just like humans do. People who don't have the conditions to keep and take care of animals, shouldn't take them and under no circumstances should they keep them in inadequate conditions, to prevent animal suffering and tragedies in which people and animals get hurt. State and local government have an increased responsibility to educate the citizens, encourage the culture of handling animals as sensitive beings, and not to act backwards and inappropriate to the civilizational achievements of 21st century.
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Dubbed the SMART (Supersonic Missile Assisted Release of Torpedo) system, the weapon was launched from Wheeler Island off the coast of India's Odisha state on Monday, the country's Defense Ministry said in a statement.
"This launch and demonstration is significant in establishing anti-submarine warfare capabilities." the statement said Monday. "All the mission objectives including missile flight up to the range and altitude, separation of the nose cone, release of Torpedo and deployment of Velocity Reduction Mechanism (VRM) have been met perfectly."
"This will be a major technology breakthrough for stand-off capability in anti-submarine warfare," Indian Defense Minister Rajnath Singh said in a tweet.
Other nations, including Russia, the United States and Japan, have missiles or rockets that can carry a lightweight torpedo, but none come close to the reported range of the Indian weapon.
India has been boosting its anti-submarine warfare capabilities in recent years, acquiring state-of-the-art aircraft such as US-made Boeing P-8 reconnaissance planes and MH-60R Seahawk helicopters. Those aircraft could be detecting enemy submarines operating far from the India warships armed with the SMART system and transmitting targeting information back to them, significantly expanding the range for each Indian vessel.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The Tropf-Blumat Maxi is particularly suitable for large potted plants and tubs up to 30 cm high. The longer design means that moisture can be measured deeper in the soil which leads to ideal conditions in the roots area.
AREAS OF USE:
- Large potted plants
- Ornamental trees
- Individual plants in large pots
- Tubs with container height of over 30 cm
The Tropf-Blumat Maxi works in exactly the same way as a normal Tropf-Blumat. Please refer to the normal Tropf-Blumat instructions for the water supply and general directions for use.
Water the soil well half an hour before insertion! Place the Tropf-Blumat Maxi in the soil down to a depth of approx. 15-18 cm towards the edge of the root cluster, not too close to the stem. Or about 5-8 cm from the edge of the pot in the case of pot plants.
In the case of freshly repotted plants, insert the Maxi directly into the soil (not in the root balls), turning it clockwise, and then press the soil down lightly.
In the case of dense root growth or very hard soil, first pierce a hole towards the edge of the root cluster. Fill the hole halfway up with loose earth then insert the Tropf-Blumat Maxi and water again generously so that the clay tip has good contact with the soil. Then fill the hole up with soil.
The drip tube must protrude 8-10 cm out of the Tropf-Blumat Maxi. Undo the adjustment screw until water runs out of the drip tube. Then turn the screw slowly clockwise until there is just one drop of water left hanging on the drip tube. Then turn the screw tighter by one more marking arrow (1/8 turn).
When using the Tropf-Blumat Maxi for watering, the surface of the soil will be generally dry. This is normal because the Tropf-Blumat Maxi regulates the moisture around the roots.
Regulating the moisture
The length of the drip tube can be reduced to 6 or 7 cm for plants that prefer dry conditions, this shortens the watering time. For moisture-loving plants, the length can be increased to 15 cm. This will lengthen the watering time.


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Every aircraft forms vortices as a consequence of generating lift. And large aircraft, particularly at low speeds, in the landing configuration, form large vortices.
This video, shot on a foggy day at Birmingham, England, shows these vortices quite clearly.
Depending on the conditions, especially on days when the winds are mostly calm, these vortices can actually persist for as much as five minutes. Note during the video that there is a slight left to right crosswind, and the vortex from the left side of the aircraft drift across the center of the runway. While these examples dissipate fairly quickly, the danger is that one might come across a vortex from a previous aircraft while landing. And usually, pilots don't have the visual cue of fog to clearly show the vortex.
More than one aircraft has been doomed by flying into such a vortex. These powerful disruptions have more than enough energy to flip over an airliner as large as a DC-9.
There's a reason why air traffic control has to space out landings behind larger aircraft.


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. Zastrow and kirst-ashman's understanding human behavior and the social environment, 10th edition looks at the lifespan through the lens of social work theory and practice, organizational, covering human development and behavior theories within the context of family, and community systems.
Used book in Good Condition. Sage Publications Inc. Used book in Good Condition. Using a chronological lifespan approach, psychological, the book presents separate chapters on biological, and social impacts at the different lifespan stages with an emphasis on strengths and empowerment.
Empowerment Series: Understanding Human Behavior and the Social EnvironmentCengage Learning _TAG_ - To further prepare you for your career, this edition's content aligns with the core competencies and recommended behaviors outlined in the current Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards EPAS set by the Council on Social Work Education CSWE. The first step in this change process is accurate assessment -- and that's the primary focus of UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.
Empowerment Series: Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment _TAG_ - You'll learn about biological, psychological, and social development at different lifespan stages, as well as about the benefits of strengths and empowerment approaches to social work. Used book in Good Condition. Sage Publications Inc. Focusing on individual behavior within families and other systems, this book will help you understand the underlying reasons why people act the way they do.
Used book in Good Condition. The main objective of social work is to facilitate positive changes in individuals, organizations, groups, families, and communities.
Empowerment Series: Essential Research Methods for Social WorkCengage Learning _TAG_ - Sage Publications Inc. Reader friendly and clear, rubin and Babbie's concise and social work-specific research methods book provides readers with the tools they need to understand the subject matter. Illustrations and examples throughout show readers how they can apply research to practice. As part of the cengage empowerment series, 4th edition, essential research methods for social work, thoroughly integrates the core competencies and recommended practice behaviors outlined in the current Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards EPAS set by the Council on Social Work Education CSWE.
Used book in Good Condition. Outlines, boxed features, introductions, chapter endings with main points, and review questions and exercises provide the information and practice readers need to learn the essentials. Used book in Good Condition. Cengage Learning.


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SEPA Mossmorran Air Quality Network
SEPA has been monitoring air quality in community locations surrounding the Mossmorran complex since August 2019. To date, our monitoring has shown no breaches of the air quality objectives, but we continue to monitor as it is clear in hearing from the community that there are ongoing concerns about air quality in the area.
SEPA currently operates monitoring equipment at locations around the complex to assess long-term air quality conditions.
- What SEPA and our partners do
- Where we monitor and what we monitor for
- Why we selected these locations
- Why we selected these pollutants
- Air quality monitoring frequently asked questions
- Air quality monitoring reports
- Further information on air quality
Our role in regulating facilities like the Fife Ethylene Plant is to protect the environment and human health. To do that we work with our public partners, including Fife Council and NHS Fife.
Air quality objectives for various pollutants are set out in legislation to protect human health. In most cases the domestic air quality objectives for Scotland are the same as the limit values for the European Union (EU) Ambient Air Quality Directive.
The EU air quality limit values continue to apply for industrial activities regulated under the Pollution Prevention and Control (PPC) regulations. SEPA has a statutory responsibility to ensure that regulated processes do not result in, or contribute to, an exceedance of these air quality limit values.
Local authorities have a statutory duty to review and assess local air quality in their area and work towards meeting the Scottish air quality objectives, and air quality assessments are carried out annually by Fife Council (see Air quality | Fife Council).
NHS Fife is responsible for the protection and the improvement of its population's health.
We meet regularly with our partners, share the results of our air quality monitoring and keep them informed of any areas of interest around our regulation of the sites.
This supports Fife Council local air quality reviews and, combined with sharing information on community health concerns, allows NHS Fife to assess and report when they consider appropriate (e.g. report on the health impacts of flaring).
In response to community concerns SEPA has increased both the number of potential pollutants we measure and the geographic coverage of our air quality network. We have also developed an online tool that will enable you to see the air quality at each air quality monitoring analyser in nearly real time, whilst also being able to view historic data over recent months.
Our new monitoring approach consists of one monitoring station with reference analysers at Auchtertool which is complemented by a network of indicative analysers (AQMesh analysers) deployed in local communities around the Mossmorran complex. This gives a clearer understanding of air quality in the whole Mossmorran area.
The reference station has been placed in Auchtertool as it is the most suitable (situated in a local community, access to a power supply, easily accessible for maintenance), and closest location in a downwind direction from the Mossmorran complex. This station will provide high quality data that can be directly compared to the Scottish air quality standards and objectives.
The AQMesh analysers are lamp post mounted multi-pollutant devices which will provide indicative data for the wider communities around the Mossmorran complex.
These analysers are easier to locate than the reference analysers due to their size and power requirements and can be installed in more accessible locations. They are useful in assessing short-term trends in pollutants; provide greater geographical coverage; and monitor for a wider range of pollutants including nitrogen dioxide, ground-level ozone, and particulate matter.
An indicative AQMesh analyser is co-located with the reference monitoring station which allows results from the different types of analysers to be compared and assists with quality control.
Our reference analyser in Auchtertool monitors PM2.5 and PM10 using beta attenuation, and nitrogen dioxide using chemiluminescence.
Our AQMesh analysers are positioned in community locations in:
They monitor PM2.5 and PM10 using a light scattering optical particle counter and have electrochemical sensors to monitor nitrogen dioxide and other pollutants.
The sites provide air quality information to the local communities around the Mossmorran complex and were selected and installed with support from Fife Council.
The reference monitoring station was sited in Auchtertool as this is the closest community that is downwind of the prevailing wind direction from the Mossmorran complex.
The AQMesh analyser sites were installed on lamp posts with a suitable power supply.
We are monitoring for pollutants that are either expected to be released in a significant quantity from the Mossmorran complex (as well as being released by various other sources in the area such as vehicle emissions and domestic sources) or those which were highlighted as a concern by the community.
We are not monitoring for species which are released at levels that are significantly below permitted release levels (e.g. sulphur dioxide, where stack emission test results are below the emission limit values, see the annual data returns page)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) - This gas is produced by the reaction of oxygen and nitrogen during combustion. It is emitted from the combustion plants at Mossmorran as well as domestic combustion appliances and vehicle emissions.
NO2 may have adverse effects on the health of the respiratory system. It can irritate the airways and lower resistance to respiratory infections such as influenza. NO2 (and other nitrogen oxides) is also a precursor pollutant leading to the formation of ground-level ozone which can have health and environmental impacts.
Particulate matter (PM) is the term used to describe solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere. Particle size affects how deep a particle can penetrate into the lungs and circulatory system and be absorbed.
Particles can be generated mechanically (e.g. dust from vehicle tyres driving over roads), through combustion (e.g. burning wood or fuel) or through chemical reactions. Particles may also be made up of, or carry, substances which can affect health.
- PM10: This is particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 µm (micrometres). PM10 are defined by international convention as being able to be deposited in the lung. Because it has the potential to cause effects on health, it is regulated in the UK and must meet a certain level.
There are many sources, including road traffic, agriculture, industry, and personal or household activities (e.g. domestic wood-burning, cooking).
- PM2.5: This is particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 µm. These particles can penetrate even deeper into the lung than PM10. This is also sometimes called 'fine particulate matter' and has been associated with various health impacts, especially with regards to lung and heart health.
Fine particles can cause inflammation and heart and lung diseases, and impair lung development in children. In addition, fine particles may carry surface-absorbed carcinogenic compounds into the lungs.
There are many sources, including road traffic, agriculture, industry and personal activities.
We are also now monitoring for ground level ozone.
This pollutant has been reviewed by the Mossmorran and Braefoot Bay Independent Air Quality Expert Advisory Group, which concluded that:
"it is unlikely that emissions of NOx and VOCs arising from the operations at the Mossmorran plants and the Braefoot Bay terminal facilities would contribute to formation of ground level ozone in the local area. Rather, ground level ozone formation is more likely to be related to emissions from areas further away."
However, it was clear from talking to the community that there was a request for more information about ground level ozone levels in the area.
Ground level ozone is not emitted directly from any man-made source in any significant quantities. In the lower atmosphere, ozone is primarily formed by a complicated series of chemical reactions initiated by sunlight.
These reactions can be summarised as the sunlight-initiated oxidation of VOCs in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The chemical reactions do not take place instantaneously, but can take hours or days, therefore ground level ozone measured at a particular location may have arisen from VOC and NOx emissions many hundreds or even thousands of miles away.
Ground level ozone irritates the respiratory system, exacerbating the symptoms of those people suffering from asthma and lung diseases.
A selection of frequently asked questions about air quality are provided below – if you have any additional questions that are not covered below please get in touch using our contact form.
Our broader Mossmorran frequently asked questions are also available.
Why did SEPA decide to change the way it monitors air quality around Mossmorran?
In 2019 we confirmed that our air quality monitoring around the Mossmorran Complex would continue throughout the period of investment and the installation of new flare tips and ground flares. At the same time, we committed to working with partner agencies with air quality responsibilities to assess future requirements.
In September 2021, we held four community engagement sessions in partnership with Fife Council and the Health and Safety Executive to listen to the needs of the community. We used the feedback to inform our review of the monitoring we undertake and how we share the results of that monitoring with the local community.
To date, our monitoring has shown no breaches of the air quality objectives, but it was clear in hearing from the community that there continues to be a concern about air quality in the area. The community asked for:
- Permanent monitoring of air quality in the communities around Mossmorran.
- Simple, easy to understand and timely data, with the ability to get more detail if required.
How has your monitoring changed?
We have reviewed how we will monitor air quality and, taking the feedback from communities into account, we have made


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young, 1.5 mm
Murphydoris sp. #1
|Maximum size: 3.2 mm.
is a cream animal speckled with brown on the sides and front of
notum. It may occasionally have yellow highlights. The rhinophores are simple and their bases are surrounded by a
low shelf. There are two large, lumpy extrabranchial processes but no
obvious branchia. A band of dark, lateral blotches extends from just behind the processes to the tip of the foot.
#1 is a moderately rare species found in moderately
exposed to exposed rocky habitats at depths of 2-9 m (6-30 ft).
Big Island, Maui and Oahu.
Taxonomic notes: It was first
recorded in Hawaii by Terry Gosliner. It was formerly listed as Goniodoridella sp. #1.
Photo: Jenna Szerlag: about 3 mm: Maalaea Bay, Maui; Nov. 14, 2021.
Observations and comments:
1: ( )


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Vernonia Noveboracensis. Native to the stream banks and moist thickets of the Eastern United States, Vernonia Noveboracensis is an upright perennial that produces clusters of purple flowers from August to September. It is a great plant for the back of the cottage garden or planting in meadows or naturalized areas.
Plant in moist soil in full sun. The "iron-like" qualities of this plant help it tolerate deer, clay soil, and wet soil. It will grow 4-6' tall and 3-4' wide.
Seeds require a cold treatment. Sow directly outside in the late fall and cover with 1/4" soil and the seeds will germinate in the spring. The seeds may also be mixed with moist, not wet, germination mix, put in a plastic bag and refrigerated for 6-8 weeks. After refrigeration, sow the seeds into a tray of moist germination mix. When seedlings are large enough, they can be hardened off and transplanted into the garden.
USDA Zone 5-9.
Heirloom seeds are collected, cleaned and packaged by hand at Mount Vernon.


text:
Direct Measurement of Fluid Mechanical Properties in Micro Space; Liquid Crystal Orientation under ShearPolymer Science Faculty Research
AbstractThe shear-induced molecular orientation of a nematic liquidcrystal, 5CB (4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl) was studied in anewly-developed apparatus in which the liquid crystal was confinedbetween optical windows at a film thickness that is continuouslyvariable. The molecular orientation was measured in situduring shear in the presence and absence of DC electrical bias betweenthe two surfaces. In this preliminary study we present findings for aspacing of 10 µm, which is comparable to the spacing ofactual liquid crystal display technology. Fourier transform infraredtime resolved spectroscopy (FTIR-TRS) synchronized with the shearmotion provided the molecular orientation as a function of time duringthe shear cycle. Only a slight orientation along the shear directionwas found in the isotropic state but, in the homeotropic state, themolecular orientations in response to shear reflected a competitionprocess between orientation in orthogonal directions. Shear promotedorientation parallel to the confining plates, and a DC bias voltagepromoted orientation perpendicular to the confining plates.
Citation InformationAli Dhinojwala. "Direct Measurement of Fluid Mechanical Properties in Micro Space; Liquid Crystal Orientation under Shear" Vol. 38 (1999) p. 6118 - 6122
Available at: _URL_


Red-bellied Tamarin
Red-bellied Tamarin
Saguinus labiatus
Red-bellied Tamarin at Tayto Park
About Me
Red-bellied tamarins, also known as white-lipped tamarins, are mostly dark brown in colour with red marks on their belly and chest and a white "moustache" around the nose and mouth. They are monomorphic, with all individuals looking alike. They are relatively small primates from the New World monkeys. They are diurnal animals and live in social groups of 4-15 individuals but usually consisting between 2 and 8. The group itself is made up of a breeding male and breeding female, along with their offspring and other male helpers. In the wild this species is known to form associations with other callitrichids such as Goeldi's monkeys. This gives both species a stronger defence of their home-range. It equally ensures there is no competition of nesting sites or food as both species mainly forage in different forest layers.
They are a monogamous species with all juveniles in the group coming from the breeding pair. Helper individuals may leave the group during an intergroup encounter in order to become a breeder. They generally mate in spring and after a gestation period of 160 days before giving birth to 1 or 2 offspring. After 1 to 2 years the juveniles become independent.
Conservation Status:
Least Concern
There is no evidence for any major threats but forest destruction and fragmentation may have negative impacts on some of its range.
More Mammals
Conservation at Tayto Park


text:
Q1. How is Resource Sharing done among Processes?
Ans. In general, a process will need certain resources (CPU time, memory, files, I/O devices) to accomplish its task. When a process creates a subprocess, that subprocess may be able to obtain its resources directly from the operating system, or it may be constrained to a subset of the resources among its children, or it may be able to share some resources (such as memory or files) among several of its children. Restricting a child process to a subset of the parent's resources prevents any process from overloading the system by creating too many subprocesses.


text:
DFBLasers: 1700 nm – 2400 nm for gas sensing
nanoplus offers FP laser diodes at any wavelength between 1700 nm and 2400 nm.
Key features of nanoplus FP laser diodes
- spectral multimode
- lateral single mode
- continuous wave
- room temperature
- custom wavelengths
Why choose nanoplus FP laser diodes
- precise selection of target wavelength
- typically > 5 mW output power
- small size
- easy usability
- high efficiency
- long-term stability
For more than 15 years nanoplus has been the technology leader for lasers in gas sensing. We produce lasers at large scale at our own fabrication sites in Gerbrunn and Meiningen. nanoplus cooperates with the leading system integrators in the TDLAS based analyzer industry. More than 20,000 installations worldwide prove the reliability of nanoplus lasers.
Quick description of nanoplus FP laser technology
nanoplus uses a unique and patented technology for FP laser diode manufacturing. We follow a ridge waveguide approach, which is independent of the material system.
Related Information for nanoplus FP laser diodes between 1700 nm and 2400 nm
The following table summarizes the typical FP laser specifications in the 1700 nm to 2400 nm range:


text:
- C. Ooi and B. B. Yellen, Field gradients can control the alignment of nanorods,
Langmuir, vol. 24 no. 16
pp. 8514 -- 8521.
(last updated on 2009/08/04)
This-work is motivated by the unexpected experimental observation that field gradients can control the alignment of nonmagnetic nanorods immersed inside magnetic fluids. In the presence of local field gradients, nanorods were observed to align perpendicular to the external field at low field strengths, but parallel to the external field at high field strengths. The switching behavior results from the competition between a preference to align with the external field (orientational potential energy) and preference to move into regions of minimum magnetic field (positional potential energy). A theoretical model is developed to explain this experimental behavior by investigating the statistics of nanorod alignment as a function of both the external uniform magnetic field strength and the local magnetic field variation above a periodic array of micromagnets. Computational phase diagrams are developed which indicate that the relative population of nanorods in parallel and perpendicular states can be adjusted through several control parameters. However, an energy barrier to rotation was discovered to influence the rate kinetics and restrict the utility of this assembly technique to nanorods which are slightly shorter than the micromagnet length. Experimental results concerning the orientation of nanorods inside magnetic fluid are also presented and shown to be in strong agreement with the theoretical work.


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Dec 7, 2012
'Trial by Google' the new threat to privacy, Leveson warns
Trial by media? Trial by Google is the real threat to privacy, Lord Justice Brian Leveson told a Sydney audience today -- fresh from delivering his media ethics report to the UK government.
"There is not only a danger of trial by Twitter, but also of an unending punishment, and no prospect of rehabilitation, via Google," warned Lord Justice Brian Leveson in Sydney this morning.
"Instances of naming and shaming are relatively commonplace. It takes but a minute to record someone doing something in a public place and to upload it up to the internet. Once on the internet the episode, the behaviour, is there for the world to see and is there permanently at the click of a mouse."
The resulting harm can be "both permanent and disproportionate".
"Children and the young do not appreciate that uploading a compromising photograph for a laugh can have consequences for the long term future because once the photograph is in the public domain, it can be found, copied and reproduced," he said.
Leveson was giving the keynote address to today's "Privacy in the 21st Century" symposium, organised by the Communications Law Centre at the University of Technology Sydney. He set his warning in an historical context.
The gossip-filled "penny press" of 1830s England, the tabloids of their day, were wildly popular and seen as a threat to members of society. So were the emerging technologies such as the telephone, the wiretap and photography. But in time the excesses of the new media operations were reined in by new laws and new social norms.
"In many ways we've been here before," Leveson said. But he also also saw key differences when it came to the internet.
While newspapers and other traditional news media might push the boundaries when it comes to invading privacy, they're generally held in check by commercial pressures as much as the law, said Leveson. Not so for the internet.
"With some exceptions for bloggers who carry advertising and tweeters who are sponsored, online bloggers or tweeters are not subject to the financial incentives which affect the print media, and which would persuade the press not to overstep society's values and ethical standards. Equally, there is a view that blogging or tweeting is publication without responsibility or accountability and that, in this sense, the internet is beyond the reach of the law," he said.
Leveson pointed to the 2011 "super-injunction spring" in England and Wales, when interim injunctions were granted prohibiting the disclosure of both the substantive content of the injunction and the very existence of the injunction itself. Traditional media complied. Bloggers and tweeters didn't.
"Rumour and speculation regarding the number of such injunctions was rife. Twitter in particular and various blogs circulated and discussed names of individuals who were said to have obtained such injunctions. Names of various celebrities swirled around the internet," he said.
"Bloggers rejoice in placing their servers outside the jurisdiction where different laws apply."
But internet users are not actually beyond the reach of the law, Leveson said, citing as examples the prosecution of individuals involved in the UK's autumn 2011 riots, and Twitter users being sued for defamation for wrongly identifying someone as a p-edophile.
"Given that the internet is not entirely out of the law's reach it is likely in time that, as with the media in the 19th century, it will start to have an effect in individuals' behaviour. It will start to modulate behaviour, and curb its wilder excesses. Time and proper application of the law will play the same role for the internet as it has done in all other areas of our lives. It will shape our behaviour and help to reinforce social norms," Leveson said.
"This is not to say that social norms may not change over time. Our view of what is, for instance, private information may change. Our view of privacy may change. I imagine though that individuals will always seek to preserve some degree of privacy and will seek the law's protection to protect it."
Leveson did not comment on his recent report on media ethics to the UK government. "I treat the report as a judgement, and a judgement must speak for itself," he said.
The symposium continues this afternoon.
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4 thoughts on "'Trial by Google' the new threat to privacy, Leveson warns
 1. Peter Shute
 And he is correct but will face the fury of many in the media, tech writers, bloggers and such who believe they have the freedom to name, shame or invent conspiracies often citing each other as 'evidence'.
 Witness the McAlpine falsehoods that jumped the shark where mainstream media began to parrot and dip their toes into David Icke's weird conspiracy claims that say the royal family are reptilian devil worshippers running a pedo ring.
 The MSM is floundering to such an extent that today we have press agent arrested in the UK in the Jimmy Savile matter- a man who sold stories about another infamous one arrested in the same matters,to the mainly Murdoch tabloids.
 But bloggers and their media supporters rejoice in corporate entities like Google, Twitter, Facebook and the rest who base themselves off-shore, pay minimal tax and suck the life out of advertising revenues.
 Far from freedom, the advent of the internet and Google with the falsehood that somehow it is free and uncontrolled, hastens fascist style control.
 2. John Bennetts
 What is privacy? Where did it come from? Who has privacy and who has not? What is the social cost of privacy, and what is the social benefit?
 I imagine that out there somewhere, there are well considered books on this subject.
 In trisecretsbal life, privacy is close to zero. Everybody knows everybody else's actions – or soon will, especially if they are antisocial.
 In pre-industrial society, privacy was more or less available to the upper classes but not to the remainder of the population. The lord of the manor had secrets, mistresses: privacy for the few, it could be argued, came at the expense of the many whose circumstances limited privacy to the basics.
 So, is privacy a right or a construct? Wgere does it start and how much privacy is too much? Is privacy a universal right?
 In an increasingly open and communicative world, with millions of public security cameras and digital recognition software, cross-matched files of personal tax, finance, education and social matters, what forms of privacy are essential?
 Last, why is it an invasion of privacy when a royal lass has her upper torso photographed or a prince has his bottom published for all to see but is not an issue when millions of others, similarly disrobed, are photographed by others annually? Did they not disrobe voluntarily?
 Putting modern laws aside, what ethical, moral and philosophical issues are at foot regarding the history and practice of privacy in modern, electronic, Western society?
 Where is the intellectually rigorous book on the subject?
 3. John Bennetts
 trisecretsbal = tribal, sorry. Typo.
 4. Kaye Uiterwyk
 The dream of a "free" internet is finished. It was a liberal geeky dream that had its origins in the vaguely-hippy-communal-freethinking culture of the 60s and 70s. Now "free" has become a Trojan Horse. Advertising and data mining pays for everything. Bloggers are as beholden to their advertisers as old media. More beholden because there's so much more competition for the advertising dollar. Old media had a monopoly on the production and distribution of media. So it had the luxury of separating editorial from advertising. On-line media doesn't have this clout. There are thousands and thousands of blogs recycling the same old rubbish. So much for diversity. Somebody or something has to pay the bills. Journalism, in print and on-line, is at its lowest ebb. We need to start paying for things. We'll only have a free press when we start coughing up some our hard-earned to pay for it.
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text:
||The land resources of Polissia of Ukraine are characterized by sufficient potential possibilities for growing of millet, the yield of which can reach at 3,5 – 4,0 t/ha and more. By a restrain factor, that causes the annual shortage of harvest and decline in quality of grain there is a damage to plants by the causative agents of illnesses and display of diseases of not parasitogenic origin. One of the most dangerous and harmful diseases of millet is piriculariose.
The causative agent of piriculariose is characterized by high plasticity and adjusted to plant-nutrients, which shows up in the ability to develop during the whole period of vegetation and affect all the above-ground organs of plants - leaves, vaginas of leaves, stems, stem nodes and panicles.
Therefore, the aim of our research was to examine of sowing of millet, to establish the features, appearance and development of piriculariose. In addition, to determine a damage of the sorts of culture by the exciter of illness exposure of dependence of its development from high quality features and weather terms for the subsequent improvement of the traditional system of defence of culture.
The field researches conducted during 2013–2015 in the conditions of the experimental field of the Zhytomyr National Agroecological University (Chernyakhivskiy District, Zhytomyr region). They studied eight sorts of millet. The soil of experimental areas: grey forest light loamy.
Gobbing of experiments, observation, and phytopathogenic estimate of sowing of millet was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The estimate of the damage of plants by piriculariose was carried out on a nine ball scale.
During the years of research, weather conditions varied, according to both the temperature regime and the amount of precipitation that contributed to the development of piriculariose. For the development of phytopathogene in 2014 was the most favorable.
It should be noted that on the sowing of millet in the conditions of Polissia, the disease showed up only as spotted of leaves.
The first symptoms of damage appeared in the phase of bushing out. On the leaves as small (1-2 mm) light brown spots with the clearly expressed brown framing. During the next 10-12 days, the spots increased in sizes and reached of 3-4 cm. They had the rounded or elliptical form. They also necrotize inside, which resulted in the premature drying up and dying off leaves.
One of the factors that influences on the regulation of development of the diseases is the particular features of the sort. Because of the researches, it was found that all sorts of specimens were affected by Piricularia grisea (no signs of the disease were detected absolutely). On average, during the period of research, the degree of damage of plants of millet by causative agent was in the range of 0.7 to 6.5%.
The highest development of the disease was found on the sorts Myronivske 51 (6.5%), Kyivske 87 (5.6%), Kyivske 96 (4.8%), and the smallest – on the sorts Vitrylo (0.7%), Juvilejne (1, 1%) and Zolushka (1.3%).
By the method of dispersible analysis, it is determined the influence of development of piriculariose depending on the variance characteristics of the culture.
It should be noted that the basic influence on the level of development of piriculariose is the variation of the sort, but not the difference over the years. Varying of the development of piriculariose by 78,3% is determined by a sort and by 18,6 – by the peculiarities in terms of years.


SJPH_General_CoverAims. Labour force activity and marriage share some pathways through which they potentially influence health. In this paper, we examine whether marriage and labour force participation interact in the way they influence mortality in the USA and six European countries.
Methods. We used data from the US National Health Interview Survey linked to the National Death Index, and national mortality registry data for Austria, England/Wales, Finland, Hungary, Norway and Spain (specifically, the Basque country) during 1999–2007, for men and women aged 30–59 years at baseline. We used Poisson regression to estimate both the additive (relative excess risk due to interaction) and multiplicative interactions between marriage and labour force activity on mortality.
Results. Labour force inactivity was associated with higher mortality, but this association was stronger for unmarried, rather than married, individuals. Likewise, being unmarried was associated with higher mortality, but this association was stronger for inactive than for active individuals. To illustrate, among US women out of the labour force, being unmarried was associated with a 3.98 times (95%CI 3.28–4.82) higher risk of dying than being married; whereas the relative risk (RR) was 2.49 (95%CI 2.10–2.94), for women who were active in the labour market. Although this interaction between marriage and labour force activity was only significant for women on a multiplicative scale, there was a significant additive interaction for both men and women. The pattern was similar across all countries.
Conclusions. Marriage attenuated the increased mortality risk associated with labour force inactivity; while labour force activity attenuated the mortality risk associated with being unmarried. Our study emphasizes the importance of public health and social policies that improve the health and well-being of unmarried and inactive men and women.
K. van Hedel, F.J. van Lenthe, M. Avendano, M. Bopp, S. Esnaola, K. Kovács, P. Martikainen, E. Regidor and J.P. Mackenbach. "Marital status, labour force activity and mortality: A study of the United States and 6 European countries." (2015). Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 43(5):469-80. doi: 10.1177/1403494815578947.
Also freely available through Pubmed Central.
Van Hedel et al., 2015, SJPH


text:
A Heligan pineapple.
A fruit produced in the Lost Gardens of Heligan in Cornwall, England, may just be the most expensive pineapple in the world.
The gardeners at Heligan, who began restoration of the derelict gardens in 1990, first purchased fruits for the Pineapple Pit in 1994. Utilizing the same techniques used 70 years ago, during Heligan's heyday, Heligan's Productive Gardening Team produced a miniature pineapple that was, according to the gardeners, "the most delicious pineapple flavour ever tasted."
The "hotbed" technique used in the Pineapple Pit involves heating 30 tons of straw and horse manure through glass. The team was lucky enough to locate the proper mixture of straw and horse manure at a stable near Falmouth, about an hour from the gardens.
While the price of a modern day Heligan pineapple is yet to be announced, the original Heligan pineapples are estimated to have cost the Victorian equivalent of $15,000 to produce.
After the first fruit was tested by Heligan's gardeners, the second was delivered, by hand, to the Queen.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The place is popular among tourists for its natural surroundings and unpolluted beauty. The unexplored region of Chamba, surrounded by deodar and pine trees, is a dream destination for nature lovers.
Scenic View of the Chamba Valley.
Photo Courtesy: Fulvio Spada
Gabbar Singh Negi Memorial is a popular tourist attraction of Chamba. It was built in 1925 in honour of Thakur Gabbar Singh, who served as a rifleman in the Garhwal Rifles in 1913.
During World War I, Singh and his battalion won the battle at Flanders in Germany. After his death, he was rewarded with the highest gallantry award, the Victory Cross. The Garhwal Regiment, on 21st April every year, pays tribute to this brave warrior.
Shri Bageshwar Mahadev Mandir is a renowned religious centre of Chamba, devoted to the Hindu Lord Shiva. The Shiva Lingam enshrined in the temple is believed to have appeared from the ground on its own.
During the popular Hindu festival Shivaratri, devotees visit the temple in large numbers.
How to Reach Chamba
By Air: Jolly Grant Airport in Dehradun is the nearest airport to Chamba and is located at a distance of around 80 km from the destination. This airport is connected to the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi by regular flights.
By Rail: The railway station of Rishikesh is the closest railhead to Chamba, which is situated at a distance of about 60 km. This railway station is well connected to various important cities of the country.
By Road: Chamba is well connected to several nearby cities by buses and taxis. Numerous luxury and normal buses to Chamba are available from places like Dehradun, Rishikesh, Mussoorie, Devprayag, Tehri, Uttarkashi and Srinagar.


text:
The National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) has determined nine broad areas of core competence that apply to all nurse practitioners, regardless of specialty or patient population focus. NONPF created the first set of Nurse Practitioner Competencies in 1990; the most recent updates were incorporated in 2017. This course was designed to prepare you to synthesize knowledge gained throughout the program and to apply each of the nine core competencies within your selected areas of practice and your representative communities.
The nine areas of competency are:
- Scientific Foundations
- Practice Inquiry
- Technology and Information Literacy
- Health Delivery System
- Independent Practice
- Review this week's Learning Resources, focusing on the NONPF Core Competencies Content.
For each of the nine NONPF competencies, write one paragraph explaining how the program has prepared you to meet the competency (for a total of at least nine paragraphs). Then, propose how you plan to engage in social change in your community as a nurse practitioner. Finally, describe 1–2 legislative and/or advocacy activities in which your state nurse practitioner organization(s) are involved. Be specific and provide examples.


text:
When two declarations in the same scope describe the same object or function, the two declarations must specify compatible types. These two types are then combined into a single composite type that is compatible with the first two. More about composite types later.
The compatible types are defined recursively. At the bottom are type specifier keywords. These are the rules that say that unsigned short is the same as unsigned short int, and that a type without type specifiers is the same as one with int. All other types are compatible only if the types from which they are derived are compatible. For example, two qualified types are compatible if the qualifiers, const and volatile, are identical, and the unqualified base types are compatible.


Docs Menu
Docs HomeMongoDB Manual
BSON Types
On this page
 - Binary Data
 - ObjectId
 - String
 - Timestamps
 - Date
BSON is a binary serialization format used to store documents and make remote procedure calls in MongoDB. The BSON specification is located at bsonspec.org.
Each BSON type has both integer and string identifiers as listed in the following table:
Type
Number
Alias
Notes
Double
1
"double"
String
2
"string"
Object
3
"object"
Array
4
"array"
Binary data
5
"binData"
Undefined
6
"undefined"
Deprecated.
ObjectId
7
"objectId"
Boolean
8
"bool"
Date
9
"date"
Null
10
"null"
Regular Expression
11
"regex"
DBPointer
12
"dbPointer"
Deprecated.
JavaScript
13
"javascript"
Symbol
14
"symbol"
Deprecated.
JavaScript code with scope
15
"javascriptWithScope"
Deprecated in MongoDB 4.4.
32-bit integer
16
"int"
Timestamp
17
"timestamp"
64-bit integer
18
"long"
Decimal128
19
"decimal"
Min key
-1
"minKey"
Max key
127
"maxKey"
To determine a field's type, see Type Checking.
If you convert BSON to JSON, see the Extended JSON reference.
The following sections describe special considerations for particular BSON types.
A BSON binary binData value is a byte array. A binData value has a subtype that indicates how to interpret the binary data. The following table shows the subtypes.
Number
Subtype
0
Generic binary subtype
1
Function data
2
Binary (old)
3
UUID (old)
4
UUID
5
MD5
6
Encrypted BSON value
7
Compressed time series data
New in version 5.2.
128
Custom data
ObjectIds are small, likely unique, fast to generate, and ordered. ObjectId values are 12 bytes in length, consisting of:
 - A 4-byte timestamp, representing the ObjectId's creation, measured in seconds since the Unix epoch.
 - A 5-byte random value generated once per process. This random value is unique to the machine and process.
 - A 3-byte incrementing counter, initialized to a random value.
While the BSON format itself is little-endian, the timestamp and counter values are big-endian, the most significant bytes appear first in the byte sequence.
If an integer value is used to create an ObjectId, the integer replaces the timestamp.
In MongoDB, each document stored in a collection requires a unique _id field that acts as a primary key. If an inserted document omits the _id field, the MongoDB driver automatically generates an ObjectId for the _id field.
This also applies to documents inserted through update operations with upsert: true.
MongoDB clients should add an _id field with a unique ObjectId. Using ObjectIds for the _id field provides the following additional benefits:
 - in mongosh, you can access the creation time of the ObjectId, using the ObjectId.getTimestamp() method.
 - sorting on an _id field that stores ObjectId values is roughly equivalent to sorting by creation time.
 Important
 While ObjectId values should increase over time, they are not necessarily monotonic. This is because they:
 - Only contain one second of temporal resolution, so ObjectId values created within the same second do not have a guaranteed ordering, and
 - Are generated by clients, which may have differing system clocks.
Tip
See also:
BSON strings are UTF-8. In general, drivers for each programming language convert from the language's string format to UTF-8 when serializing and deserializing BSON. This makes it possible to store most international characters in BSON strings with ease. [1] In addition, MongoDB $regex queries support UTF-8 in the regex string.
[1] Given strings using UTF-8 character sets, using sort() on strings will be reasonably correct. However, because internally sort() uses the C++ strcmp api, the sort order may handle some characters incorrectly.
BSON has a special timestamp type for internal MongoDB use and is not associated with the regular Date type. This internal timestamp type is a 64 bit value where:
 - the most significant 32 bits are a time_t value (seconds since the Unix epoch)
 - the least significant 32 bits are an incrementing ordinal for operations within a given second.
While the BSON format is little-endian, and therefore stores the least significant bits first, the mongod instance always compares the time_t value before the ordinal value on all platforms, regardless of endianness.
Within a single mongod instance, timestamp values are always unique.
In replication, the oplog has a ts field. The values in this field reflect the operation time, which uses a BSON timestamp value.
Note
The BSON timestamp type is for internal MongoDB use. For most cases, in application development, you will want to use the BSON date type. See Date for more information.
When inserting a document that contains top-level fields with empty timestamp values, MongoDB replaces the empty timestamp values with the current timestamp value, with the following exception. If the _id field itself contains an empty timestamp value, it will always be inserted as is and not replaced.
Example
Insert a document with an empty timestamp value:
db.test.insertOne( { ts: new Timestamp() } );
Running db.test.find() would then return a document which resembles the following:
{ "_id" : ObjectId("542c2b97bac0595474108b48"), "ts" : Timestamp(_PHONE_, 1) }
The server has replaced the empty timestamp value for ts with the timestamp value at time of insert.
BSON Date is a 64-bit integer that represents the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (Jan 1, 1970). This results in a representable date range of about 290 million years into the past and future.
The official BSON specification refers to the BSON Date type as the UTC datetime.
BSON Date type is signed. [2] Negative values represent dates before 1970.
Example
Construct a Date using the new Date() constructor in mongosh:
var mydate1 = new Date()
Example
Construct a Date using the ISODate() constructor in mongosh:
var mydate2 = ISODate()
Example
Return the Date value as string:
mydate1.toString()
Example
Return the month portion of the Date value; months are zero-indexed, so that January is month 0:
mydate1.getMonth()
[2] Prior to version 2.0, Date values were incorrectly interpreted as unsigned integers, which affected sorts, range queries, and indexes on Date fields. Because indexes are not recreated when upgrading, please re-index if you created an index on Date values with an earlier version, and dates before 1970 are relevant to your application.
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text:
Design and build an inverting switching regulator
Tan, Lee Hao
Date of Issue2016
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
In this project report, the objective is to design and build a switching inverting regulator using MC 34063A microchip. As the non-stop advancement in technology, there are more specification demands to meet to power up these electrical devices. Therefore, the MC 34063A microchip is being widely used in the world today because of its versatility. Every different device requires a specific different supply in order to operate. Depending on the different application, with an external circuit connection, the MC 34063A microchip can become a boost (step-up), buck (step-down) or buck-boost (inverting) regulator. The parameters in this project are to output a -12V DC which is able to supply to a 200mA load from a 5V ± 5% input voltage from a Universal Serial Bus (USB). Results of the experiments are recorded, analyzed and compared with theoretical predictions. Loads of different values are also tested to examine the effect of the loads on the switching inverting regulator. With the help from this report and other similar reports, all of the three different regulators can be design and build onto a single board which can be change by just flipping a switch. In addition, there is a need to enhance the efficiency of the switching inverting regulator.
Final Year Project (FYP)
Nanyang Technological University


text:
Marine Wildlife Encyclopedia
Acoel Flatworm Waminoa species
The diminutive acoel flatworms look like colored spots on the bubble coral on which they live. Their ultra-thin bodies glide over the coral surface as they graze, probably eating organic debris trapped by coral mucus. Acoel flatworms have no eyes and instead of a gut, they have a network of digestive cells. They are able to reproduce by fragmentation, each piece forming a new individual. The genus is difficult to identify to species level and the distribution of acoel flatworms is uncertain.


text:
Your laptop is running out of storage space, or you want to store the data from your phone on your computer, so you want to use a microSD card to store some of your files, but you don't want to spend the money on a new Micro SD card adapter. So, what's the solution? Can you insert a micro SD card into your laptop without an adapter?
Yes, you can. There are some simple and easy-to-follow ways that you can try to connect your micro SD card to your laptop without an adapter. But many people are not aware of these methods.
So, we have decided to write an article on how to insert micro SD card in laptop without an adapter using some easy methods.
Before we get into the main topic, let us first understand what a micro SD card is. If you are not interested in the technical details, you can skip this section and jump directly to the methods.
An SD (Secure Digital) card is a small removable memory card used to store data. SD cards are mostly used in digital cameras, camcorders, handheld computers, and mobile phones. They are also used in some video game consoles.
Micro SD cards are even smaller versions of the SD card. They are about the size of a fingernail. Micro SD cards are mainly used in mobile phones and other small electronic devices.
However, one of the main problems with micro SD cards is that they are very delicate and can be easily damaged if not handled properly. Moreover, most laptops do not have a built-in micro SD card reader; thus, an adapter is required to connect the micro SD card to the laptop.
Methods to insert micro sd card in laptop without an adapter
There are two simple yet effective ways of connecting a micro SD card to your laptop without an adapter. These methods are:
1. Use the micro SD card slot on your laptop
If your laptop has a built-in micro SD card slot, then you can directly insert the micro SD card into the slot and start using it without an adapter. This is the simplest way of connecting a micro SD card to your laptop. Follow the steps given below to insert the micro SD card into the slot:
Step 1: First of all, make sure that your laptop is turned off.
Step 2: Now, take out the micro SD card from your mobile phone or any other device.
Step 3: Look for the micro SD card slot on your laptop. It is generally located on the side of the laptop.
Step 4: Now, gently insert the micro SD card into the slot. Make sure that you insert it in the correct orientation.
Step 5: Once the micro SD card is inserted, turn on your laptop and wait for it to boot up.
Step 6: Now, go to "My Computer" or "This PC", and you will see the micro SD card appearing as a separate drive.
Step 7: You can now access the files stored on the micro SD card and copy or move them to your laptop's hard drive.
2. Use your smartphone as a micro SD card reader
If your laptop doesn't have a built-in micro SD card slot, you can use your smartphone as a micro SD card reader. This might sound surprising, but it is actually very simple and easy to do.
Almost all smartphones come with a built-in micro SD card slot which can be used to connect the micro SD card to the laptop. For this process, all you need is a smartphone and a USB cable.
Follow the steps given below to use your smartphone as a micro SD card reader:
Step 1: First of all, insert the micro SD card into the slot on your smartphone.
Step 2: Now, connect your smartphone to your laptop using a USB cable.
Step 3: You will see a pop-up message on your smartphone asking you to select the USB connection type. Select "File Transfer" or "PTP" as the connection type.
Step 4: Now, go to "My Computer" or "This PC" on your laptop, and you will see your smartphone appearing as a separate drive.
Step 5: Double-click on the smartphone drive, and you will see the contents of your micro SD card.
Step 6: You can now access the files stored on the micro SD card and copy or move them to your laptop's hard drive.
Laptop users often need to use a micro SD card reader in order to access the files stored on a micro SD card. However, not all have the adapter required to connect the micro SD card to the laptop.
Like so many other users, if you are also in a similar situation and wondering how to insert micro SD card in laptop without an adapter, you can use the methods given in this article. These methods are very simple and easy to follow. Try them out and see which one works best for you.
Hopefully, this article was helpful and informative. If you have any questions or suggestions, feel free to leave them in the comments below.
Thanks for being with us 🙂


ecancermedicalscience
Research
Lung cancer in middle and southern Morocco
13 Mar 2023
Hassan Abdelilah Tafenzi, Farah Choulli, Anass Baladi, Ismail Essaadi, Rhizlane Belbaraka
Purpose: Determining risk factors associated with a fatal disease such as lung cancer (LC) remains an important key to understanding the factors related to its development and therefore using the correct emergent or accessible treatments. For that, we sought to highlight by describing, and analysing, the risk factors related to LC survival, reflecting the actual situation in Morocco.
Patients and methods: We included 987 LC patients diagnosed from 2015 to 2021 at the Medical Oncology Department at the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech. An overview of the LC situation was described, and analysed, to determine the risk factors related to survival. The independent prognostic factors were determined using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis. To create a distinction between different risks group in the survival curve, stratification was done, respectively, within sex, age, histology type, treatments and radiation therapy.
Results: We finally included 862 patients with 15 parameters among the 27 extracted, all meeting the inclusion criteria. 89.1% of the patients were male (n = 768) and 10.9% were female (n = 94), of whom 83.5% had a history of tobacco smoking (n = 720). The median survival of both sexes was 716 (5–2,167) days. The average age at diagnosis was 60 years. Five hundred and thirty-four patients presented with advanced stage. Patients above 66 years were the more diagnosed category with adenocarcinoma at T4N2M1c pathological category, and endocrinal comorbidity, in addition to pleurisy syndrome. Moreover, family history was found to be a bad prognostic factor. Interestingly, smoking status was not a bad contributor to survival. Age at diagnosis, histology subtype, performance status, haemoglobin, numbers of cures of the first-line chemotherapy, radiotherapy, anaemia and treatments were identified as risk factors related to survival.
Conclusion: We established a descriptive and analytical overview of the current LC epidemiology situation in the oncology division of Mohammed VI University Hospital in a non-industrialised state taking into account smoking status.
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text:
Publication Status is "Submitted" Or "In Press:
Year of Publication:
Geophysical Research Letters
Section / Start page:
LDEO Publication Number:
Various data sets related to precipitation in Israel have been analysed to see whether any statistical relationships exist between the El Nino phenomenon and weather in Israel. An understanding of patterns of precipitation in Israel is extremely important given the limited water resources in the Middle East. The authors have analysed seasonal rainfall, streamflow, snowfall and lake level data, and all of these data sets indicate enhanced precipitation during the winter seasons associated with El Nino years. One intriguing finding is that the statistically significant correlations appear only in the last 25 years.
136CETimes Cited:33Cited References Count:23


Microsoft KB Archive/171837
From BetaArchive Wiki
Article ID: 171837
Article Last Modified on 12/10/2003
APPLIES TO
 - Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 Control Creation Edition
 - Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 Learning Edition
 - Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 Professional Edition
 - Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 Enterprise Edition
This article was previously published under Q171837
SYMPTOMS
The following error may occur when the if expression uses Byte data type:
"Run-time error '6'. Overflow."
CAUSE
Visual Basic does not evaluate Byte data type correctly in the if expression when compiled to Native code with optimizations.
RESOLUTION
Install Visual Studio 97 Service Pack 2 (SP2). The problem can also be addressed by compiling to P-code, compiling to Native Code with no optimizations, or using a data type other than the byte data type in the if expression.
STATUS
Microsoft has confirmed this to be a bug in the Microsoft products listed at the beginning of this article. This bug has been fixed in Visual Studio 97 Service Pack 2.
For more information on the Visual Studio 97 Service Pack 2, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
170365 : INFO: Visual Studio 97 Service Packs - What, Where, and Why
For a list of the Visual Basic 5.0 bugs that were fixed in the Visual Studio 97 Service Pack 2, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
171554 : INFO: Visual Basic 5.0 Fixes in Visual Studio 97 Service Pack 2
MORE INFORMATION
The following code (known as the "Triangle Inequality") will run as expected in the Visual Basic IDE or compiled as P-code but will fail when compiled as a Native EXE file with optimizations.
Steps to Reproduce Behavior
 1. Start a New Standard EXE project. Form1 is created by default.
 2. In the General Declarations section of Form1, place the following code:
 Sub Checksides (a as Byte, b as Byte, c as Byte)

 If (c > a + b) or (a > b + c) or (b > a + c) then
 MsgBox "Not a triangle"
 Else
 MsgBox "Triangle"
 End If

 End Sub

 3. In the Form_Load() event of Form1, place the following code:
 Private Sub Form_Load()
 CheckSides 1,1,1
 End
 End sub

 4. Select Project Properties from the Project menu. Open the Compile tab and make sure the project is set to compile to Native Code with some sort of optimization selected, such as Optimize for fast code.
 5. Select Make Project1.exe from the File Menu.
 6. Execute the Project1.exe file.
This will produce the error message "Run-time error 6. OverFlow."
Keywords: kbbug kbfix kbvbp500sp2fix kbvs97sp2fix KB171837


text:
Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds offers an eye-opening look into how the characteristics of the physical world drive the designs of animals and plants. These characteristics impose limits but also create remarkable and subtle opportunities for the functional biology of organisms. In particular, Steven Vogel examines the size and scale, and trade-offs among different physical processes. He pays attention to how the forms and activities of animals and plants reflect the materials available to nature, and he explores the unique constraints and possibilities provided by fluid flow, structural design, and environmental forces.
Each chapter of the book investigates a facet of the physical world, including the drag on small projectiles; the importance of diffusion and convection; the size-dependence of acceleration; the storage, conduction, and dissipation of heat; the relationship among pressure, flow, and choice in biological pumps; and how elongate structures tune their relative twistiness and bendiness. Vogel considers design-determining factors all too commonly ignored, and builds a bridge between the world described by physics books and the reality experienced by all creatures. Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds contains a wealth of accessible information related to functional biology, and requires little more than a basic background in secondary-school science and mathematics.
Drawing examples from creatures of land, air, and water, the book demonstrates the many uses of biological diversity and how physical forces impact biological organisms.
"If what you desire in a readable science book is food for thought, Glimpses of Creatures in their Physical Worlds provides a feast. Biologists, engineers, and physicists--indeed, anyone with curiosity about the natural world--will revel in this smorgasbord of biomechanical ideas."--Mark Denny, American Scientist
"Such a book could be written only by someone with a rich knowledge of biomechanics, and Vogel, an emeritus professor of biology at Duke University, fits the bill. Considered one of the founders of the biomechanics community in the US, his distinguished research career has focused on organism-fluid interactions and such diverse topics as the behavior of leaves in the wind, passive ventilation of prairie-dog burrows, and airflow through the branching antennae of some moths. His breadth of knowledge is clearly reflected in the examples presented and the creative thought embodied in Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds. Vogel uses the same approachable, entertaining writing style.... [T]his book is sure to serve as an inspiring entry into the field of biomechanics."--Stacey Combes, Physics Today
"It is a fine book and emphasizes important relationships too often neglected."--Choice
"As ever, Vogel is inspiring and his insights are remarkable."--Henry Bennet-Clark, BioScience
"This charismatic book is a fascinating read and Vogel is exceptionally good at presenting the material so that it is accessible to a general audience. The book presents new conceptions, data, and interpretations, but its most impressive aspect is the wide range of diverse examples collected in one place, displaying a lifetime's worth of accumulated knowledge and wisdom."--Amy S. Johnson, Bowdoin College
Table of Contents:
Chapter One: Two Ways to Move Material 1
Chapter Two: The Bioballistics of Small Projectiles 18
Chapter Three: Getting Up to Speed 39
Chapter Four: Moving Heat Around 58
Chapter Five: Maintaining Temperature 80
Chapter Six: Gravity and Life in the Air 95
Chapter Seven: Gravity and Life on the Ground 116
Chapter Eight: Gravity and Life in Water 141
Chapter Nine: Making and Maintaining Liquid Water 164
Chapter Ten: Pumping Fluids through Conduits 184
Chapter Eleven: To Twist or Bend When Stressed 209
Chapter Twelve: Keeping Up Upward and Down Downward 232
List of Symbols 259
References and Index of Citations 263
Other Princeton books authored or coauthored by Steven Vogel:


text:
DAKAR: Pieces of pottery, iron tools and jewellery dating back thousands of years have been discovered in Dakar after recent torrential rains flooded some suburbs, university researchers told AFP on Monday.
Moustapha Sall, a lecturer and researcher at Dakar's Cheick Anta Diop university said he happened upon the items by chance during a visit to the suburb of Ouest-Foire in the north-east of the capital after the rains on August 26.
"While visiting the flooded zone, I stumbled upon... pieces of pottery, perforated shells reused as jewellery, iron scoria and small stones including blades which could have been used to cut or carve," said Sall.
"The water washed away the sand and revealed these archeological objects."
Sall said the area was home to several construction sites, where workers said they had come across pieces of pottery and shells, which could hinder any future archeological digs.
"We will do an analysis of the objects discovered and send them to a laboratory" at the university which specialises in dating historical items, Sall said.
Another researcher at the university, Alioune Deme, said the objects could date back between 2,000 and 7,000 BC.


The Meaning Behind the Name
Live Fire:
The oldest, highest art of mastery in cooking, using an open flame to control the variables of temperature, taste, and texture.
A collective state of the people empowered by the people
Live Fire Republic:
The term Live Fire Republic best represents a global community of chef and home cooks, today and for thousands of years before, who create unique culinary experiences and prepare the most memorable fare using the application of open flame.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
By an abelian $\otimes$-category I mean a symmetric monoidal category $(\mathcal{A},\otimes,\mathcal{O})$, such that $\mathcal{A}$ also is an abelian category and for every $M \in \mathcal{A}$ the functor $M \otimes - $ is cocontinuous (i.e. right exact and preserves coproducts; in particular additive). A line bundle is defined as an object $\mathcal{L}$ of $\mathcal{A}$ such that there is some object $\mathcal{L}'$ such that $\mathcal{L} \otimes \mathcal{L}' \cong \mathcal{O}$. An example is the category of (quasi-coherent) modules on a locally ringed space. The line bundles then coincide with the modules which are locally free of rank $1$ (see here).
Now I want to show that in general these line bundles have similar properties as in the case of the module category. For example it's not hard to show that if $\mathcal{L}$ is a line bundle, then it is flat in the sense that $\mathcal{L} \otimes -$ is exact (it is even an automorphism of $\mathcal{A}$ with inverse $\mathcal{L}^{-1} \otimes -$). The isomorphism classes of line bundles yield a group, which may be denoted as $\text{Pic}(\mathcal{A})$.
Question 1. Is there any literature about these abelian $\otimes$-categories which treats them systematically? Perhaps the "usual" definition differs a little from mine, this does not matter.
Question 2. Let $\mathcal{L}$ be a line bundle and $\phi : \mathcal{L} \to \mathcal{L}$ an epimorphism. Does it follow that $\phi$ is an isomorphism?
Question 3. Let $\mathcal{L}$ be a line bundle and assume $\phi : \mathcal{L} \to \mathcal{L}$ is an epimorphism. Does it follow that there is an epimorphism $\psi : \mathcal{L}^{-1} \to \mathcal{L}^{-1}$ such that $\phi \otimes \psi$ corresponds to the identity of $\mathcal{O}$ under the isomorphism $\mathcal{L} \otimes \mathcal{L}^{-1} \cong \mathcal{O}$?
Question 4. Assume we also have a $\lambda$-structure on $\mathcal{A}$ which is compatible with the given data. Is it possible to give a reasonable definition of a locally free object of rank $n$? See also this question.
share|improve this question
For questions 1, 2, and 3, it does not seem necessary to require that the monoidal product be symmetric. – André Henriques Nov 23 '10 at 19:41
What about doing algebraic geometry over $\mathcal{A}$ in the sense of Toën and Vaquié arXiv:math/_PHONE_ (published in J. K-theory 3 (2009), 437-500)? This way, you will be able to speak of locally free objects as usual (this might answer questions 1 and 5). Also, the comment of Theo Johnson-Freyd below suggests that the answer to Question 2 is yes: apply his argument to the smallest tensor abelian category generated by $\mathcal{L}$ (which is small). – Denis-Charles Cisinski Nov 27 '10 at 23:36
Could you elaborate what the paper has to do with my question? I don't want to enrich my data with topologies, it should stay homological. Otherwise it's just a trivial translation. Also I'm not sure if the Theorem cited by Theo applies here, does it really give a full faithful exact tensor functor? – Martin Brandenburg Nov 28 '10 at 15:14
The point of Toën and Vaquié is precisely that the monoidal structure itself defines canonically a Zariski topology, as well as a faithully flat topology (so, without any extra data, if you think of your $\mathcal{A}$ as an abstract category of modules over a commutative ring, you will have a lot of the tools you are used to with usual commutative algebra). This idea of doing algebraic geometry over an abelian tensor category was also used by Deligne to study tannakian categories; see the Grothendieck Festschrift vol II, p. 111-195. With Toën and Vaquié, you don't need the abelian structure. – Denis-Charles Cisinski Nov 28 '10 at 22:38
Q2: No, take Z[x]-modules on which x acts injective. Q3: No, since this is Q2 by Steve's answer. Q4: Yes, this will appear in my thesis... – Martin Brandenburg Feb 1 '13 at 13:19
1 Answer 1
Question 2: this does not really depend on line bundles. If $\phi:\mathcal {L\to L}$ is a non-invertible epimorphism, then $\phi\otimes 1:\mathcal{ L\otimes L'\to L\otimes L'}$ is epi, since $-\otimes\mathcal L'$ is exact, and non-invertible, since otherwise $\phi\otimes 1\otimes 1:\mathcal{L\otimes L'\otimes L\to L\otimes L'\otimes L}$ would be invertible. Thus there is a non-invertible epimorphism $\mathcal {O\to O}$.
Question 3: this has the same answer as Question 2. If the answer to Q2 is yes, then we can take $\psi$ to be the identity and get a positive answer to Q3. If the answer to Q2 is no, then (as above) if $\phi:\mathcal{ L\to L}$ is a non-invertible epimorphism, also $\phi\otimes 1:\mathcal{ L\otimes L'\to L\otimes L'}$ is a non-invertible epimorphism. But now if $\psi:\mathcal {L'\to L'}$ is any map, then $\phi\otimes\psi=(1\otimes\psi)\circ(\phi\otimes 1)$ and if this is invertible then $\phi\otimes 1$ is split monic and so invertible (since it is already known to be epi).
share|improve this answer
Q2: Ok this reduces it to the case of maps $\mathcal{O} \to \mathcal{O}$. Are there examples? Q3: If $\phi$ is an isomorphism, then $\phi \otimes L'$ does not have to be the identity! – Martin Brandenburg Nov 23 '10 at 23:21
Q3: you're right, I should have used $\mathcal{(\theta^{-1}\otimes 1_{L'})(1\otimes\phi^{-1}\otimes 1)(\theta\otimes_{L'}}$ for $\psi$, where $\theta:\mathcal{\O\cong L\otimes L'}$. – Steve Lack Nov 24 '10 at 0:05
sorry, try again: $(\theta^{-1}\otimes 1_{L'})(1_{L'}\otimes \phi^{-1}\otimes 1_{L'})(\theta\otimes 1_{L'})$ where $\theta:O\cong L'\otimes L$. (Hope this works, it's tricky without preview facility) – Steve Lack Nov 24 '10 at 0:08
If you are going to find a counterexample to Q2 (i.e. a $\otimes$ category when 1 has a non-invertible epi), you'll have to look pretty far. Most such categories (say, the small ones) embed in R-mod-R for some ring R, and the endomorphisms of 1 in R-mod-R are the center of R, and the only epis are invertible. – Theo Johnson-Freyd Nov 25 '10 at 19:53
_USER_: You quote arxiv.org/abs/math/_PHONE_, right? But there we only have a right exact embedding. – Martin Brandenburg Dec 3 '10 at 14:48
Your Answer


text:
Pune: After bringing smiles to thousands of children across the country, Sesame Street Preschool- leading preschool chain in India will celebrated a fun-filled weekend with energetic children and their families. Sesame Street Preschool in Pimple Saudagar made a set up set up of "Grover's Café"at two premises, at Park Royale, Rahatani Road, Pimple Saudagar and at Royal Emperio, Rahatani Road, Pimple Saudagar.
The Grover's Health Café is a showcase of one of the unique ways children are taught at Sesame Street Preschool. This is a regular activity where kids are encouraged not just to eat healthy food but also taught about basic table etiquettes and hygiene, making healthy choices, sharing food, eating postures, etc. A restaurant style set up was arranged in the school and educators dressed as chefs welcome kids to the restaurant. The food comprising of healthy, delicious dishes were offered to kids as part of the menu.
Mona Singh, Vice President, Sesame Schoolhouse said, "Going by our group's mission – to help kids grow smarter, stronger and kinder we are dedicated to encouraging healthy habits among children through various awareness activities organized by the educators. The Grover's Café was reflection of the kind of healthy eating habits that we encourage at our school. We are looking forward to welcoming kids on the weekend and expose them to the world of healthy habits."
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13.5. Retrieving web pages with urllib
While we can manually send and receive data over HTTP using the socket library, there is a much simpler way to perform this common task in Python by using the urllib library.
Using urllib, you can treat a web page much like a file. You simply indicate which web page you would like to retrieve and urllib handles all of the HTTP protocol and header details.
The equivalent code to read the romeo.txt file from the web using urllib is as follows:
Once the web page has been opened with urllib.urlopen, we can treat it like a file and read through it using a for loop.
When the program runs, we only see the output of the contents of the file. The headers are still sent, but the urllib code consumes the headers and only returns the data to us.
As an example, we can write a program to retrieve the data for romeo.txt and compute the frequency of each word in the file as follows:
Again, once we have opened the web page, we can read it like a local file.
You have attempted of activities on this page


On the Complexity of Linear Prediction: Risk Bounds, Margin Bounds, and Regularization
Bibtex Metadata Paper
Sham M. Kakade, Karthik Sridharan, Ambuj Tewari
We provide sharp bounds for Rademacher and Gaussian complexities of (constrained) linear classes. These bounds make short work of providing a number of corollaries including: risk bounds for linear prediction (including settings where the weight vectors are constrained by either $L_2$ or $L_1$ constraints), margin bounds (including both $L_2$ and $L_1$ margins, along with more general notions based on relative entropy), a proof of the PAC-Bayes theorem, and $L_2$ covering numbers (with $L_p$ norm constraints and relative entropy constraints). In addition to providing a unified analysis, the results herein provide some of the sharpest risk and margin bounds (improving upon a number of previous results). Interestingly, our results show that the uniform convergence rates of empirical risk minimization algorithms tightly match the regret bounds of online learning algorithms for linear prediction (up to a constant factor of 2).