Designing Calendars with Print Artist Gold
Print Artist Gold is a useful desktop publishing application which can be used to create lots of different print publications. It can be used to create all sorts of different things including calenders. When creating calenders with Print Artist Gold, you will find it is very simple. You will be able to create professional looking Calenders by using this software. Using Print Artist Gold is very simple, but can be a little confusing at first.
Step 1: Open Print Artist Gold
The first step will be to open the Print Artist gold application on your computer. This involves selecting it from the start menu and then waiting for it to load completely. When the application has loaded, you should then select calender from the options screen.
Step 2: Choose the Type of Calender
Print artist gold makes it possible to create a lot of different types of calenders. These include single page calendars and calendars with a page for each month. Choose the type of calendar that you want to create by clicking on it. There are also a number of calendar templates which have already been designed. These make it easy to design a calendar easily without needing to understand everything right away.
Step 3: Import Images
If you plan on using images on your calendar design, then you will need to import them. This is easy and is done by clicking on the import button. Browse through your computer to select the photos or images that you want to add and then position them on your screen by dragging them. Resizing is also easy and is simply a matter of clicking one of the handles and dragging to re-size it.
Once you have chosen the images, you can then get to work on the text. The month names will already be on the calendar, but it's possible to add extra text to advertise your business.
Step 4: Repeat
If you are creating a calendar with a separate page for each month, then you will need to repeat the process for each separate month.
Step 5: Print the Calendar
When you are happy with the design of your calendar, you can then get to work printing it. The best paper for this is a high quality thick mate or gloss paper. This will ensure that the paper does not get saturated with ink. Load the paper into your printer and then follow the instructions to print the calendar. Select the print button and then click through all of the instructions to print the calendar.
Then, all you need to do is fix all of the pages together by either stapling or gluing them in place. Then the calendar can be hung on a wall or put on a desk so that you can remember all of the important dates and times.


text:
Prometric Wyoming Structural Steel Erection Certification Package
This exam has 50 questions and is open book. You have a 3 hour time limit with a minimum passing score of 70%.
Scope – Tests a candidate's knowledge of the erection of structural steel shapes and plates, including such minor field fabrication as may be necessary, of any profile, perimeter, or cross-section that are or may be used as structural members for buildings and structures, including related metal decking, siding, joists, riveting, welding, and rigging.
The following references are allowed in the testing center.
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1926, (OSHA)
OSHA Excerpts for Contractors
The following references were used to create exam questions but are not allowed in the testing center.
Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and Joist Girders, Technical Digest No. 9
Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods
Handbook of Rigging: For Construction and Industrial Operations
Manual of Steel Construction: Allowable Stress Design, Ninth Edition
All test questions are the property of Prometric Inc. and are protected by copyright. Federal law provides severe civil and criminal penalties for the unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or exhibition of copyrighted materials.|title=Reference Materials|code-of-federal-regulations-29-cfr-part-1926-osha|osha-excerpts-for-contractors-paperback-2003|code-of-standard-practicefor-steel-buildingsand-bridges-2000|handling-and-erection-of-steel-joist-and-joist-girders-technical-digest-9|modern-welding-2000|fundamentals-of-building-construction-materials-methods-3rd-edition|handbook-of-rigging-for-construction-and-industrial-operations-4th-edition|aisc-manual-of-steel-construction-allowable-stress-design-9th-edition|title=Application Assistance|application-service|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Design and Implementation of Highway Management System Based WebGIS
Source: Academy Publisher
Network Geographic Information System is a GIS based on Web technical standards and communication protocol of network, a product of Web technology and GIS technology, it is based on Internet / Intranet to provide users with information distributed in space, data sharing, exchange and cooperation. WebGIS make full use of network resources, a large scale to reduce costs and complexity of dealing with the implementation of the server, the client is simple, is an ideal global optimization model, replace a desktop GIS system, and provide personalized service. Based on WebGIS for the new technology platform, the highway pavement management system designs and builds roads spatial database and attribute database.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


This page gets a user's scores on a given Meta site. It lists any changes since the last visit. Reference: Make voting activity on your posts available on site metas.
 1. This site uses localStorage to remember what posts have changed. That means that if:
 - Something erases your localStorage on this site
 - You use a different browser
 - You use a different device or computer
 Then your history will lost. This is the only way to do it without creating a server and making you create an account and log in.
 2. There is no way (outside of keeping a history) for an external site (or user) to know when a vote happened.
 Until a history is established, results are sorted by the last activity time.
 3. This site uses the Stack Exchange API, which limits the number of calls per minute and per day.
 This means that you cannot poll here faster than once every 60 seconds, and only about 1,000,000 individual posts can be polled per day.
 So, for example, if you have 750 answers and 50 questions, that's 800 posts. If you poll once every 60 seconds, then you will run out of API quota in 20 hours.
 Other factors can affect quota, like other machines on the same IP, multiple tabs running, etc.


What are Getter and Setter methods in Ruby
Last updated on December 20, 2021
If you want to either retrieve or set a value of an instance variable from a Ruby class, you need to learn about getters and setters. Learning about attr_accessor is also really useful to help you keep your class clean and tidy.
If you want to learn about Ruby classes, you can read about the basics in this article
What is a getter method?
Getter methods help you retrieve the value of an instance variable. If you don't have a getter method, trying to retrieve a variable is going to result in an error.
ruby
1
class Company
2
def initialize(name)
3
@name = name
4
end
5
end
6
7
company = Company.new("The Bluth Company")
8
9
p company.name
10
# => undefined method 'name' for #<Company:0x00007fe25f021b30> (NoMethodError)
Let's include a getter method
ruby
1
class Company
2
# ...
3
4
# Getter
5
def name
6
@name
7
end
8
end
9
10
company = Company.new("The Bluth Company")
11
p company.name
12
# => "The Bluth Company"
What is a setter method?
Setter methods help us assign new values to our instance variables. Let see what happens if you don't have a setter method and you try to assign a new value to your instance variable
ruby
1
class Company
2
def initialize(name)
3
@name = name
4
end
5
6
# Getter
7
def name
8
@name
9
end
10
end
11
12
company = Company.new("The Bluth Company")
13
p company.name
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# => "The Bluth Company"
15
16
company.name = "Dunder Mifflin"
17
# => undefined method 'name=' for #<Company:0x00007fdd680f50f8 @name="The Bluth Company"> (NoMethodError)
So let's create a setter method
ruby
1
class Company
2
# ...
3
4
# Setter
5
def name=(name)
6
@name = name
7
end
8
end
9
10
# ...
11
company.name = "Dunder Mifflin"
12
# => "Dunder Mifflin"
What is a Ruby attribute accessor?
You can see how classes can become quite big with having to define 2 methods for every instance variable. That's why we have access to 3 build-in Ruby methods:
 - attr_reader - generates a getter method
 - attr_writer - generates a setter method
 - attr_accessor - generates both getter and setter methods
ruby
1
class Company
2
attr_reader :name
3
attr_writer :name
4
5
def initialize(name)
6
@name = name
7
end
8
end
9
10
company = Company.new("The Bluth Company")
11
p company.name
12
# => "The Bluth Company"
13
14
company.name = "Dunder Mifflin"
15
p company.name
16
# =>"Dunder Mifflin"
When you want bothattr_readerandattr_writer, just use
ruby
1
attr_accessor :name
You can define multiple attributes on the same line, which will generate the relevant methods
ruby
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attr_accessor :name, :email, :address
By the way, you can get a list of your instance variables using the built-in#instance_variablesmethod and a list of your class methods using#public_methodsmethod
ruby
1
class User
2
attr_accessor :name
3
attr_accessor :age
4
5
def initialize(name, age)
6
@name = name
7
@age = age
8
end
9
end
10
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user = User.new("Kris", 24)
12
13
p user.instance_variables
14
# => [:@name, :@age]
15
16
p user.public_methods
17
# => [:age, :age=, :name, :name=]
Combination of attribute accessor
Sometimes you might want to combine your attribute accessor methods depending on your variables. For example, you might want to read and write the email variable but only read the id variable.
ruby
1
attr_accessor :name
2
attr_reader :id
Using attr_accessor in a Rails model
At its core, a Rails model is just a Ruby class. The model attributes are defined using attr_accessor under the hood, but Rails automatically does it for us in order to keep our models tidy.
However, if you want to add an attribute that is not defined in the model's table, you can define it manually using attr_accessor. This will create a non-persistent instance variable.
ruby
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# models/customer.rb
2
class Customer
3
# ...
4
5
attr_accessor :password_token
6
end
These non-persistent instance variables are useful in cases when you only need the variable for a limited time or you don't need to store it in your database.
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Almonds of La Palma
18 November 2015
mandelbluete-flor-almendro-almond-blossom-la-palmaThe island La Palma is known for its almond blossoming during January and February, enchanting mainly landscapes at average heights in the northwest of the island.
Shortly after the conquest, by the end of the 15th century, the first almond trees have been brought onto the island by new settlers. From the incredible biodiversity almost 40 species have suvived until today.
But how do Almonds ripen and how are they handled?
4a-schluchten-und-weite-puntagorda-rundwanderung-mandelnFirst of all they certainly have to grow and mature naturally.
For this reason, a tender, green seed pod is formed after flowering. The young hull more likely reminds of a peach.
This is the protecting coat for the desired seed core.
While fruits grows up in the summer sun until the autumn, a woody shell forms around.
Seed pods become thicker, harder and turn into a brownish colour. From mid/end of October, depending on the weather and degree of ripeness, the outer coat bursts open.
Harvesting gets started.
Therefore, a kind of net is spread underneath the tree to catch almonds that are knocked off with a stick. Dry weather is perfect for harvesting.
In former times, hard shells have been cracked laboriously by using a hammer or stone.
You can still observe this procedure during the annual Almond Blossoming Festival in Puntagorda, which is even a discipline in a competition.
Harvesting in sacks requires the use of appliances...mandeln-almendras-prunus-dulcis-cooperativa-virgen-del-pino
mandeln-prunus-dulcis-cooperativaIt is convenient that Puntagorda has its own almond cracking machine.
In 1963 the "Cooperativa Agrícola Virgen del Pino" was founded.
At the beginning, this place was used to prepare and pack tomatoes from this region for sale, explains Carlos Manuel Martín Pérez.
However, tomatoes soon became less important and the cooperative purchased a Jabus brand „cascadora".
mandeln-almendras-prunus-dulcis-cooperativa-virgen-del-pino-mandelschalenCarlos ist responsible for receiving the almonds.
Most of the cooperative members meanwhile are seniors, but also foreign residents bring in their harvest.
Either the cooperative buys those almonds or owners pick up their cracked-open almonds later.
The Ayuntamiento of Puntagorda also stores up in order to share out almond seeds to the visitors during the Almond Blossom Festival.
Even if almonds are found everywhere around the place, Carlos keeps track of all sacks and buckets.
He knows exactly which almonds belong to whom and splits them by owners and sorts, before filling them separately into the machine's gullet.
Shell almonds, large almonds, sweet almonds, semi-sweet almonds...
It is a noisy and rattling procedure to separate seeds from their shells before the machine spits them out in special containers.
In the Palmerian Kitchen Almonds are used in many Desserts and Sweets
Private persons and bakeries use their harvested almonds to produce almond cheese, almond paste, almendrados, bienmesabe, rapaduras and other treats.
Almond shells are sold. They are popular for smoking goat cheese or for composting and are also used as an isolation material, for example for the floors of caves.
For many centuries profits from the cultivation of from Prunus dulcis contributed to the income of the people of La Palma.
In the 1950s the export peaked by its extension to the United Kingdom (UK).
In 1991 the weight of the peeled almonds was merely 10 tons, and today has shrinked to 3 to 4 tons.
Formerly in Spring Almonds were grafted on existing Bitter Almond Trees
A practical procedure - however, it has a crucial pitfall.
mandeln-almendras-prunus-dulcis-cooperativa-virgen-del-pino-puntagorda-waageIn case you fail to practice tree maintenance and remove shoots, by tearing them away below the grafts, you possibly harvest original bitter almonds.
Those are industrially used in other countries but are absolutely bad for La Palma.
Just a tiny amount of bitter almonds in the sack makes it unsellable.
During the grinding or mincing process of sweet almonds the bitter taste ruins the flavour.
Moreover, bitter almonds eaten raw are toxic.
Preferable, other trees of the rosaceous family are used for grafting, like plum or peach.
Almond trees require care
They have to be trimmed every 2 years, otherwise they start "ageing".
Thereby at first small twigs slowly wilt, followed by entire branches. Almond wood is a is an excellent firewood, after all.
Additionally terrains have to be kept grass-free.
Otherwise this could lead to fungus attacks, which destroys trees.
Unfortunately, due to the absence of tree care more and more almond trees are endangered.
It is a great pity, as Palmerian almonds due to the moderated, subtropical climate are of excellent quality.
Although they are more expensive, than those imported from competitors of California, Palmerian people prefer local almonds.
They are part of a healthy diet and the amount of old people on La Palma seem to be a prove that.
For local people almonds, figs, Gofio and goat mild or goat cheese are part of their basic food.
„Cooperativa Agrícola Virgen del Pino"
Almonds of the cooperative from Puntagorda are registered under the name „Cooperativa Agrícola Virgen del Pino" and are sold at following places:
Spar, El Pinar, Puntagorda
El Rincón de la Fruta, Los Llanos
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 - Uka Roesch Uka Roesch
 Das Mandelmus kann man natürlich einfach so aus dem Glas essen, es eignet sich aber auch hervorragend, um es z.B. Salatsosse beizumischen, die wird dadurch nussig und sähmig. Es ist auch ein ganz besonderes Mitbringsel.
 Abgesehen davon natürlich sehr gesund und nahrhaft.


text:
This summer the library staff members are making a few adjustments to the main floor to improve the library's functionality and usage by students and faculty:
- Moving the reference desk in front of reference staff offices to increase visibility from the entrance.
- Moving the "popular reading" section closer to the "popular DVD" section to encourage more patron browsing. These materials are placed where the reference desk used to be and have two comfy chairs right in front.
- Moving the "new book" additions to the front of the library so they have more shelf space and easier browsing. They also have comfy chairs placed nearby to encourage grabbing a book off the shelf and checking it out.
- Upgrading all of the public computers in the library to the HP Compaq LE2002x.
- Rearranging and repurposing public library computers to add three new computers to the floor and provide more space in tight computer areas .
- Removing the microform cabinets to make room for additional tables and approximately 15 additional seats.
- Moving larger tables closer to electrical outlets to encourage laptop usage.
- Keeping most of the study carrels (a.k.a. study cubbies) on the floor but moved to behind the reference stacks for more privacy and access to electricity.
- Adding more pictures to the wall to cheer up the room.


Will Chickens Die Without a Heat Lamp
Will Chickens Die Without a Heat Lamp? (Ideal Temperatures Explained)
Generally speaking, adult chickens are incredibly hardy and well-prepared to survive in sub-zero temperatures without the need for heat. Baby chicks, on the other hand, are fragile when born and usually require a heat lamp for the first few weeks.
Whether or not you'll need a heat lamp for your chicks depends on how consistently you can keep the temperature within the ideal range for them. It typically makes raising chicks a lot easier for those first few weeks in most cases.
Should You Use a Heat Lamp in a Chicken Coop?
If you browse Amazon you'll see all kinds of heat lamps and heaters designed for chicken coops to help keep your chooks nice and warm.
Personally, I've never known someone to use a heater in their coop. I've known people that have raised chickens in some pretty cold places, too, like Alaska and northern Canada.
Whenever the topic of heating a coop comes up within the backyard chicken community, there are always raised eyebrows due to the potential risks.
Assuming you're going to have the heater on overnight, there is always the risk of an electrical fault or something else causing a fire while you're sleeping.
I'm not suggesting any of these products are anything less than safe! I'm just repeating what I hear when I speak with other chicken owners.
Chickens (most breeds) are well equipped to deal with sub-zero temperatures. Their plumage traps air in between their feathers, and they will cozy up together when roosting to stay warm.
There is rarely the need to insulate a coop at all, let alone heat it.
The key things that you should always keep in mind in regards to keeping your chickens warm enough are moisture and wind chill. Those are the two things that will lower that core temperature to dangerous levels.
Coops need good ventilation to remove the ammonia and keep fresh air flowing through. But your chicken's roosting bar, nesting boxes, and some other areas should be free from wind blowing through.
If your chickens get wet during the day, you shouldn't leave them all soggy in a cold coop. Just think how you'd feel!
RelatedCan chickens really drown in the rain?
Do Chicks Need a Heat Lamp?
Chicks need to be kept warm when they first hatch. They don't have any feathers yet and aren't able to regulate their own temperature at a safe level.
In the wild, this would be mother hen's job. She will have sat on those eggs for around 21 days to hatch them and will continue to allow her baby chicks to bury themselves in her plumage to keep warm.
When hatching chicks at home, however, you'll use an incubator to mimic those 21 days. Incubators keep eggs within the optimal temperature range of 35 to 40.5°C (84.5 – 104.9°F).
When chicks hatch, they can be moved into a brooder. A brooder is essentially a safe place where baby chicks can be kept warm, fed, and looked after.
Most brooders either come with a lamp, or it's recommended you use one. This is because you need to keep the temperature between 35 to 37.8°C (95 – 100°F) for the first couple of weeks of baby chicks' lives.
You can then start to lower the temperature by 5 degrees a week for around 6 weeks until you've lowered the temperature to around 80-75 degrees.
By then, chicks are usually ready to survive the outdoors. It depends on how developed their feathers are and what the weather is like. Different breeds will be fully feathered at different ages, always act on the side of caution.
Here's an overview of the recommended temperature ranges to keep baby chicks at:
Age of Chick (weeks)Temperature (F)
So, the answer as to whether or not you need a heat lamp for chicks is whether or not you can keep them at or around those temperatures.
There are other ways you can provide warmth. I've heard of people using hot water bottles and keeping a brooder in a warm place and their chicks grew up just fine.
However, if you're new to raising chicks, using a heat lamp is by far the easiest way to ensure they're going to be kept nice and warm around the clock.
RelatedWondering if you can hatch supermarket eggs? Read this!
What Temperature Is Too Cold for Chickens?
This is also a tough question to answer with a one-size-fits-all answer, because, again it depends on what breed of chicken we're talking about.
Some chickens are much more equipped to deal with cold temperatures than others. As you can probably guess, generally speaking, bigger hens with a thicker plumage are considered more cold-weather hardy.
This would include breeds like the Brahma, Wyandotte, Sussex, and Cochin. All large, well-feathered birds with plenty of insulation.
You do have to be mindful of frostbite though. Chicken's combs, in particular, are prone to frostbite in extreme conditions. The first sign of frostbite is usually blackening at the tips of the comb.
On the other hand, small chickens like bantams, and some breeds like the Polish, Old Game Fowl, and Fayoumi are not cold weather chickens.
They are lacking the body mass and thick coats to deal with sub-zero temperatures!
RelatedRead more about chicks and what temperatures they need here.
In Summary
If you've been worried about your chickens freezing out there in the cold while you're tucked up all nice and warm in your bed, hopefully, I've reassured you that they'll be just fine.
Using heat lamps for baby chicks to ensure they're warm during their first few weeks it's important. After that, most chickens are fine to be outside in all temperatures and weather conditions and will do just fine.
As long as you're keeping all their basic needs met; adequate housing, plenty of food, and fresh drinking water, you'll be pleasantly surprised how hardy chickens are.
Image credits – Header photo by Sarah Halliday on Unsplash


text:
Space-Based Tool Offers Early Forest Warning
Changing climate conditions are stressing forest areas, NASA and U.S. Forest Service team up to tackle the problem.
Published: Apr 11, 2012
Warmer winters, dryer conditions, changing pest challenges - all are signs of altered climate conditions. Recently the U.S. Forest Service unveiled a product that helps natural resource managers rapidly detect, identify and respond to unexpected changes in the nation's forest using web-based tools.
The satellite-based monitoring and assessment tool - called ForWarn - recognizes and tracks potential forest disturbances caused by insects, diseases, wildfires, extreme weather and other natural or human-caused events. Whether its climate change or other factors, this system helps the Forest Service track problems.
ForWarn was developed by the USDA Forest Service's Eastern Forest and Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Centers, NASA Stennis Space Center, and other federal and university partners. NASA's satellite imagery is the backbone of ForWarn, which provides maps of forest change throughout the lower 48 states every eight days that users can explore and share. Maps archived since 2010 provide deeper insight into disturbance and forest recovery.
SUPER MAP: ForWarn maps normal forest conditions as blue and change from normal as shades that range from green to red. This map shows that the greater part of Texas and Oklahoma were experiencing severe forest stress in late September of 2011 from the effects of drought and wildfire. "This tool literally puts space-age technology into the hands of forest resource professionals," says Danny C. Lee, Director of the Eastern Threat Center. "The tool helps them to better identify and react to environmental disturbances."
Federal and state natural resource managers throughout the country are currently using ForWarn which complements efforts of other more specialized forest monitoring programs. The tool is intended to generate time and cost savings, and, ultimately, a new network of users working together to sustain the health of the nation's forest resources. Visit _URL_ to learn more.
Permalink: Click here


text:
Rideshare services like Uber and Lyft have become extremely popular ways to get around major cities like Houston. Their convenience and usually lower costs compared to taxis have made them a go-to for many people needing transportation.
If you're short on time, here's a quick answer to your question: The average Uber cost per mile in Houston ranges from $1.13 to $2.75 depending on the type of Uber service you select.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll break down exactly how Uber pricing works per mile for the various Uber service levels in Houston. We'll also provide tips on how to estimate your Uber fare before your trip.
How Uber Pricing Works
Uber pricing is based on several factors that determine the cost per mile in Houston. Understanding how Uber pricing works can give riders a better idea of how their fares are calculated. Let's explore the key elements of Uber pricing:
The base fare is the initial charge that riders incur as soon as they start their trip. It covers the cost of getting a driver to your location and also includes a small portion of the driver's time and vehicle expenses. The base fare is the same for all types of vehicles within the Uber fleet.
It is important to note that the base fare does not vary with the distance or duration of the trip.
Per Mile Rate
The per mile rate is the amount charged for each mile traveled during the trip. This rate covers the fuel and maintenance costs incurred by the driver while driving. The per mile rate is calculated based on the estimated distance of the trip using GPS technology.
In Houston, the per mile rate for Uber varies depending on the type of vehicle and the current demand. It is usually higher during peak hours and lower during off-peak hours.
Per Minute Rate
The per minute rate is the amount charged for the time spent in the vehicle during the trip. This rate compensates the driver for their time and accounts for any delays or traffic encountered along the route.
The per minute rate is calculated based on the estimated duration of the trip using GPS technology. The per minute rate for Uber in Houston also varies depending on the type of vehicle and the current demand.
It is important to keep in mind that Uber pricing can also be influenced by additional factors such as surge pricing, tolls, and any applicable booking fees. Surge pricing occurs when there is high demand for rides and prices increase temporarily to encourage more drivers to come online.
Tolls and booking fees are added to the final fare to cover any additional expenses incurred during the trip.
For more information about Uber pricing in Houston, you can visit the official Uber fare estimator on their website. This tool allows you to get an estimate of how much your Uber trip will cost based on your starting point and destination.
Keep in mind that the final fare may vary depending on real-time factors such as traffic conditions and any additional fees incurred during the trip.
UberX Cost per Mile in Houston
UberX base fare
The base fare for an UberX ride in Houston is typically around $2.50 to $3.00. This is the initial cost that you are charged as soon as you start your trip. The base fare covers the driver's time and expenses to reach your location and get the trip started.
UberX per mile rate
The per mile rate for an UberX ride in Houston is generally between $0.80 and $1.00. This means that for every mile you travel, you will be charged this amount in addition to the base fare. The per mile rate takes into account factors such as fuel costs, maintenance, and wear and tear on the vehicle.
UberX per minute rate
In addition to the per mile rate, there is also a per minute rate for UberX rides in Houston. This rate typically ranges from $0.15 to $0.20 per minute. The per minute rate is designed to compensate the driver for their time spent waiting in traffic or at red lights during your trip.
UberX minimum fare
The minimum fare for an UberX ride in Houston is usually around $5.00. This means that even if your trip is very short, you will still be charged this minimum amount. The minimum fare helps to ensure that drivers are adequately compensated for their time and expenses, especially for short trips.
It's important to note that these rates can vary slightly depending on factors such as demand, time of day, and any additional fees or surcharges that may apply. For the most accurate and up-to-date information on UberX pricing in Houston, you can visit the Uber website or check the Uber app.
Other Uber Service Costs per Mile
UberXL is a larger and more spacious option for those who need extra room for passengers or luggage. It is perfect for group outings or airport trips with a larger number of people. The cost per mile for UberXL in Houston is slightly higher compared to the regular UberX service, but it offers a larger vehicle and more seating capacity.
The pricing for UberXL varies depending on factors such as demand and time of day.
UberSELECT is a step up from the standard UberX service, offering a more luxurious and comfortable ride. With UberSELECT, riders can expect to be picked up by a higher-end vehicle such as a luxury sedan or SUV.
The cost per mile for UberSELECT in Houston is typically higher than UberX, reflecting the upgraded experience and premium vehicles provided.
UberBLACK is the premium option in the Uber lineup, offering high-end luxury vehicles and professional drivers. This service is perfect for special occasions, business meetings, or when you simply want to travel in style.
The cost per mile for UberBLACK in Houston is higher compared to other Uber services due to the top-notch vehicles and professional drivers that are part of the UberBLACK experience.
UberSUV is the ultimate option for those who need a spacious and luxurious ride for larger groups or to accommodate extra luggage. With UberSUV, you can expect to be picked up by a high-end SUV, providing ample space and comfort.
The cost per mile for UberSUV in Houston is higher than other Uber services due to the larger and more luxurious vehicles provided.
Please note that the costs mentioned above are approximate and can vary based on factors such as demand, time of day, and any applicable surge pricing. For the most accurate and up-to-date pricing information, it is recommended to check the official Uber website or app.
Estimating Your Uber Fare
Figuring out how much your Uber ride will cost in Houston can be tricky since fares are calculated based on time, distance, location, demand, and other factors. However, there are some useful tips to get a ballpark estimate of your fare before booking a ride.
Base Fare and Per Mile/Minute Rates
All Uber rides in Houston start with a base fare of $2.20. From there, riders are charged based on time and distance traveled. The per mile rate is $1.54 while the per minute rate is $0.1875 (when the vehicle is traveling under 11 mph). Knowing these key rates helps estimate fares.
Estimate Based on Distance
Since per mile charges make up a significant portion of Uber fares, estimating costs based on the distance of your trip is a good starting point. For example, a 10 mile UberX ride would cost roughly:
Base fare: $2.20
10 miles x $1.54 per mile = $15.40
Total fare = Around $17.60 plus applicable fees/surcharges
The Uber app also shows estimated fares for trips before you book. Simply enter your destination and you'll see the projected fare range.
Factors That Increase Your Fare
While the base rates help estimate a standard Uber fare, several factors can raise the final price:
- Surge pricing – Fares increase during high demand
- Tolls/fees – Riders pay for any tolls or fees incurred during the trip
- Prime Time rates – Increased fares during busy times
- Uber Comfort/UberXL – Upgraded or larger vehicles cost more
Surge pricing, in particular, can dramatically increase fares – often by 2-3x the standard rates. Avoiding peak times can help riders curb higher Uber costs when possible.
Estimate with the Uber Fare Calculator
For the most accurate fare estimate, use the Uber online fare calculator. This tool allows you to enter your starting point and destination, then shows a detailed breakdown of estimated base fare, fees, surge pricing, tolls costs, and other charges.
Testing routes and times in the calculator displays how demand impacts fares. Seeing the difference between a Tuesday afternoon fare vs. Friday night fare paints a clear picture of when surcharges apply.
While Uber prices in Houston can shift based on many variables, arming yourself with the basic rates, online features, and surge awareness puts riders in the best position to understand the cost per mile of an Uber ride.
Saving on Your Uber Ride
When it comes to taking an Uber in Houston, it's always a good idea to find ways to save money. Whether you're a frequent Uber user or just looking for ways to cut down on transportation costs, there are a couple of strategies you can use to minimize your expenses.
In this article, we'll explore two ways to save on your Uber ride: avoiding surge pricing and using UberPOOL.
Avoid surge pricing
Surge pricing is a feature of Uber that increases prices during times of high demand. It's a way to incentivize more drivers to get on the road and meet the increased demand. While surge pricing can be frustrating, there are ways to avoid it and save money on your ride.
One tip is to check the Uber app at different times of the day to see if surge pricing is in effect. Surge pricing is typically more common during peak hours, such as rush hour or late at night when people are leaving bars and


text:
A team of US archaeologists has discovered the ruins of a city dating back to the period of the first farmers 7,000 years ago in
's Fayyum oasis, the supreme council of antiquities said on Tuesday. Egypt
"An electromagnetic survey revealed the existence in the Karanis region of a network of walls and roads similar to those constructed during the Greco-Roman period," the council's chief Zahi Hawwas said.
The remnants of the city are "still buried beneath the sand and the details of this discovery will be revealed in due course," Hawwas said.
"The artefacts consist of the remains of walls and houses in terracotta or dressed limestone as well as a large quantity of pottery and the foundations of ovens and grain stores," he added.
The remains date back to the Neolithic period between 5,200 and 4,500 BC.
The local director of antiquities, Ahmed Abdel Alim, said the site was just seven kilometres (four miles) from Fayyum lake and would probably have lain at the water's edge at the time it was inhabited.


text:
At the end of May, the Minneapolis City Council passed a controversial ordinance that will require all employers with at least one employee working in the city of Minneapolis to provide sick leave. The ordinance will become effective on July 1, 2017. Highlights of the ordinance include:
- Eligible employees include any employee who works within the geographical boundaries of the City and works at least 80 hours in a year. Eligible employees include full-time, part-time, and temporary employees so long as they work the requisite number of hours for the employer.
- If there are six or more employees, employers must compensate an employee at the same hourly rate with the same benefits as the employee was scheduled to earn during use of accrued sick leave.
- If there are five or less employees, employers must give employees unpaid use of accrued sick and safe time.
- Employers who already provide paid time off (PTO) or other paid leave policies that meet or exceed the requirements in this ordinance do not have to provide additional sick time. But, if the employer has an existing PTO policy, it does not mean it meets or exceeds the ordinance requirements. Instead, the PTO policy must (1) define "family member" as broadly as the ordinance defines it; and (2) allow for carryover of accrued but unused time.
Amount of Sick Time:
- Employees can accrue one hour of sick time for every 30 hours worked.
- Unless the employer chooses a higher amount, employees cannot accrue more than 48 hours of paid sick time in a calendar year. Employees must be permitted to carry over up to 80 hours of unused sick time.
Use of Sick Time:
- Accruals begin on July 1, 2017.
- For employees hired after that date, accruals begin on the date the employee commences work in Minneapolis.
- Employees can begin to use accrued sick leave beginning 90 calendar days after they start employment.
- Employees can use the sick leave to care for themselves, for a sick family member (who includes a child, step-child, adopted child, foster child, adult child, spouse, sibling, parent, step-parent, mother-in-ordinance, father-in-ordinance, grandchild, grandparent, guardian, ward, members of the employee's household and registered domestic partners), or for an absence due to domestic abuse, sexual assault, or stalking.
- If the sick leave is for three or more consecutive days, employers can require reasonable documentation supporting the need for leave.
- If the need for sick leave is foreseeable, employers can require that the employee provide seven days' prior notice.
- Employers must allow employees to use sick time in the smallest amount of time tracked in the payroll system.
- Although not required, employers can pay out any unused, accrued sick leave in the event of termination or resignation of employment.
Notices and Record Keeping:
- Employers must post notices informing employees of their rights under the ordinance.
- This notice must be included in a handbook if the employer has a handbook.
- Upon request by an employee, employers must provide information stating the current amount of accrued sick time available to the employee and used sick time.
- For a period of three years, employers must keep records showing accrued sick time and used sick time for each day of the workweek.
Construction Industry Employers:
- For employers with construction industry employees, those employers have the option of satisfying the ordinance by paying at least the prevailing wage rate or the required rate established in an applicable apprenticeship agreement for apprentices, regardless of whether the employee is working on a public or private project.
Violation and Relief:
- Suspected violations can be reported to the Minneapolis Department of Civil Rights, which has the sole discretion to pursue an investigation.
- Penalties can include:
- Back pay, crediting the employee accrued but uncredited or withheld time plus payment of the dollar value of the uncredited or withheld time multiplied by two
- Administrative penalty of up to $1,500
- Additional administrative fines of up to $50 per day for continued violations

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Organic Olive Oil:
All plants have natural enemies, and olive trees are no different. Olives are susceptible to a pest known as the olive fly, which lives inside the olive and makes a feast of the fruit. Fungus is another adversary of olives, although olive flies are a bigger threat.
Growers use pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides to protect their crops when necessary. If you'd like to avoid these chemicals, buy organic olive oil.
In the United States there are strict guidelines governing the use of the term "organic" on labels. If the label says "USDA Certified Organic," the producer has proven to the U.S. Department of Agriculture that the oil is made with olives that were grown without chemicals, among other requirements. The regulations apply whether the olives are grown and bottled in the United States or imported from other countries.
When you pick the type you like, it can last for months properly stored. On the next page you'll learn how to prevent a breakdown of the nutrients in olive oil.


text:
So you ask, how is literacy like raspberries? Well, raspberries will grow even when neglected, they will grow in uncultivated, poor soil and even in poor light. They produce – but only small berries on small canes. If, however, they are planted in compost–rich, well-drained soil with lots of sun and air the canes thrive and the berries are huge. Literacy is like that, despite the lack of nurturing, most of us do learn to read and write, maybe not well, but enough that we can 'get by.' Our skills are like the small stunted berries, so much less than what they could be. If we develop our literacy skills then the world opens up and the fruit we produce - in improved employment opportunities, civic engagement, family relationships – is bigger, juicier and a whole lot sweeter!
When planted in poor soil, in sun-blocked areas, some raspberry canes will reach for the sky – for sun and rain to nurture their roots and produce fruit. Just like those who know they need literacy skills to move ahead in life, some will struggle despite the odds and succeed. They are the ones who will fight to go to school, stay in school and get the diplomas or degrees that will free them from the cycle of poverty and dead-end jobs. But others are not so lucky, canes and people, some are just unable to push their way into the sun (or school) and when they cannot they (or their opportunities) remain small, even stunted. They are the ones who, when provided the nurture and support of literacy tutors and programming, will thrive. Just like canes which are transplanted to better parts of the garden, adult learners will thrive when provided with the tools to grow and develop.
So where do the scratches come in? My raspberry canes have a multitude of prickles and tiny thorns and I have to be careful when I harvest the fruit. Developing literacy skills is similar. We hold fast to our prejudices, our opinions and our beliefs. When we think we cannot succeed, learn to read or improve our math abilities, our thorns grow and it is hard to harvest the fruit of success. When we address those problems the canes (or learners) can put more of their energy towards bearing fruit (learning or developing new skills) and less energy in maintaining the prickles of suspicion and disbelief. With the encouragement of tutors and teachers who care, learners can grow and blossom. Some old stuff may need to be pruned away, some staking will be necessary, but in the end the fruits of improved self-esteem and abilities will make the work worthwhile and the raspberry patch the best it can be!
Community Literacy Coordinator
Columbia Basin Alliance for literacy - Cranbrook


Silver City Elementary history teachers bring lesson alive
SilverCity HistoricFigures 2
Teacher transformations
Silver City Elementary School third grade teachers dressed up as the following American historical figures:
* Mary Jane McLeod Bethune
* Paul Revere
* Susan B. Anthony
* Lyndon B. Johnson
* Franklin Roosevelt
* Eleanor Roosevelt
* Frederick Douglas
* Caesar Chavez
* Theodore Roosevelt
NORTH FORSYTH -- Paul Revere galloped from class to class as Caesar Chavez talked about crops and a Silver City Elementary School student pushed Teddy Roosevelt down the hall.
Nine third-grade teachers dressed up as famous Americans from the history curriculum taught in Forsyth County Schools Wednesday to get their students excited and engaged about their lessons.
"We made timelines, just small snippets, and then they'll go back and do their research," said Gina Eigenauer, who was clad in an outfit to emulate Mary Jane McLeod Bethune.
An entire hall in the third-grade wing at the school on Dahlonega Highway (Hwy. 9) in north Forsyth had sheets of paper with timelines of American historical events centered around the figures.
Inside the classrooms, the teachers rotated to each group, some showing slideshows, others answering questions, all – female teachers – wearing suits, or wigs, or glasses, or long dresses.
John-Hartley Glude's favorite historical figure and lesson was Susan B. Anthony, he said, "because she got votes for woman, and I think that's fairer."
The third grader said seeing his teachers dress up was fun and he likes that they "do cool events for it and making little slides that we've learned."
Eigenauer said the teachers spent time Tuesday night setting up, which included hanging streamers and American flags in the hallways' openings and over doors.
"When they walked through the halls, their faces were like, 'What are we doing, what are we doing?'" she said. "Then they saw us all dressed up, they're trying to figure out who we were, and they're taking notes as we go along, so they're really excited."


Knowledge Base - Technical Articles
Technical Article Problem: Polygons are divided in tiny strips when exported to EPS, PDF, SVG, or AI Illustrator
Article ID: 29950
Bug Id: N/A
Software: ArcGIS - ArcEditor 9.0, 9.1, 9.2 ArcGIS - ArcInfo 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 ArcGIS - ArcView 9.0, 9.1, 9.2 ArcGIS Engine Runtime 9.0, 9.0.1, 9.1, 9.2 ArcGIS Server 9.0, 9.0.1
Platforms: Windows NT 4.0, 2000, XP
When opened in an external editor like Adobe Illustrator,.EPS,.PDF,.SVG, or.AI export files display some large polygons divided into separate pieces.
For example: This map contains a polygon with a large number of vertices. This screenshot shows the polygon selected in ArcMap: -show me-
[O-image] ArcMap Polygon Dicing Selection Screenshot
Selecting the same polygon in the resultant.AI file exported from ArcMap and displayed in Adobe Illustrator shows that the polygon has been split into smaller pieces: -show me-
[O-image] Adobe Illustrator polygon dicing screenshot
This is called polygon dicing, and it occurs when drawing or exporting polygons that have more vertices than a certain threshold. For.PDF,.EPS, and.SVG formats, the default threshold is 5,000 vertices. For the Illustrator format,.AI, the default threshold is 8,000 vertices.
The purpose of polygon dicing is to:
- Speed up on-screen drawing and
- Prevent interpretation failures when files with large polygons are opened with older software or on a machine with limited resources.
Solution or Workaround
Reduce the effect of polygon dicing by simplifying the polygon data or exporting at a lower resolution. If this is not possible or does not help, increase the vertex threshold at which polygon dicing occurs.
 These steps only apply to ArcGIS version 9.0 and later.
 The instructions below include making changes to essential parts of your operating system. It is recommended that you backup your operating system and files, including the registry, before proceeding. Consult with a qualified computer systems professional, if necessary. ESRI cannot guarantee results from incorrect modifications while following these instructions. Therefore, use caution and proceed at your own risk.
 1. Start the Windows Registry Editor by navigating to Start > Run, typing regedit and clicking OK.
 2. Expand HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\ESRI\Export and and then select the registry key 'ExportObjectsParams'.
 3. The ExportObjectsParams registry key contains a MaxVertices registry value for each of the five vector export formats:
 The number in the registry data field determines the maximum number of vertices a polygon can have before the exporter will dice the polygon into multiple parts.
 Change the value to a higher number by double-clicking the registry data icon, changing the edit window to 'decimal' mode, and entering the higher number in the text box. The changes will take effect the next time a map is exported to that format.
 To find the optimal value for your workflow, you may need to experiment. Higher limits typically cause slower display and edit times in Illustrator and Acrobat.
Related Information
Created: 11/21/2005
Last Modified: 9/10/2008
Article Rating: (1)
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By earthman3 - 12/13/2012 6:27 PM
The article needs to be updated.
I found that if polygons are displayed with a non-zero value of transparency in GIS they will export into these strips. Setting transparency to zero on the Display tab solves the issue. You can then apply a transparency to your polygons in Illustrator. If you have other items as a basemap, such as satellite imagery or a topographic raster (DEM or hillshade), I also recommend exporting each as separate Illustrator files (i.e. export just the polygons, just the imagery, then just the DEM/hillshade. Then rebuild these elements that you exported as separate Illustrator files into one, master Illustrator file. Using copy/paste-in-front makes layering the items in the appropriate spatial location. It's a few extra, but quick, steps that I've found to provide the desired results.


text:
Use the resources below to communicate with your students' families about CRS Rice Bowl.
Lesson Plans and Activities
Download the full Educator's Guide, or select the lesson plans and activities you need below.
Use the resources below to help your students deepen their prayer life this Lent.
Come Together to Give
Create an online community giving page in fewer than 10 minutes to make collecting your community's Rice Bowl donations a breeze!


text:
Ziganshin, R. H., et al. "Optimization of Method for Human Sex Determination Using Peptidome Analysis of Teeth Enamel from Teeth of Different Biological Generation, Archeological Age, and Degrees of Taphonomic Preservation." Biochemistry (Moscow), vol. 85, no. 5, 2020, pp. 614–622., doi:10.1134/s0006297920050107.
Determination of biological sex to human remains is a fundamental requirement in anthropological, archeological, and forensic anthropological studies. Sex determination based on morphological criteria is significantly limited in the cases of juvenile remains and adult skeletons in a poor state of preservation. Regular attempts have been made to use alternative techniques to resolve this issue, including analysis of tooth enamel peptides by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Optimization of this method involving acid etching of tooth enamel for 10 min followed by desalting of the products of etching on SDB-RPS StageTips microcolumns and analysis of desalted sample (1/3) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry allowed reliable sex determination to fossil remains within a wide range of archeological and biological ages without destructing analyzed teeth. Increasing the duration of enamel etching ensured a 2 to 3-fold increase in the total number of identified peptides and, more importantly, in the number of identified fragments of amelogenin Y isoform specific for male teeth, which facilitated reliable sex determination of fossil remains. The suggested technique was tested with 8 permanent and 15 deciduous teeth of different archaeological age and different degree of preservation. Two amelogenin Y-specific peptide sequences were identified. One of these peptides [SM(+15.99)IRPPYS)] was found in all male-derived samples without exception; the other peptide [IRPPYSS(+79.97)], which contained phosphorylated Ser66 residue, was found only in the enamel from deciduous teeth, which suggests that phosphorylation of Ser66 plays a role in the enamel formation in deciduous teeth.


The principle of Monowheels is super simple and works on this easy way. For the forward or backward movement, the rider just leans slightly forward or backward. In order to steer left or right, the driver moves his body weight to the left or right.
1. How does the dynamic stabilization of the Monowheel works
The ability to independently maintain balance is the most amazing property on Monowheel and is the key to its operation. To understand how this system works, it is helpful to consider Kamen's model for this utensil – the human body.
If you stand up and lean forward so far that you lose your balance, you nevertheless usually do not fall on your nose. The brain knows that you are not in balance, because of the fluid in your inner ear. So it causes you to put your foot forward, in order to avoid a fall. If you keep leaning forward, your brain will keep putting your legs forward. Instead of falling, you walk forward, one step after another.
The Monowheel does pretty much the same, with the difference that he has a foot instead of a wheel, instead of muscles a motor, a collection of microprocessors instead of a brain and a set of sophisticated equilibrium sensors instead of balance in the inner ear. Like your brain, the Monowheel knows when you are leaning forward. To maintain balance, it turns the wheel in exactly the right speed, so you move forward. Monowheel calls this behavior "dynamic stabilization".
2. The brain and the muscles
The Monowheel consists of an intelligent network of sensors, mechanical components, a drive system and control systems. The moment when you step onto the unit, starting five gyroscopic sensors and two accelerometers 100 times per second to analyze the terrain and your body position.
Monowheel uses a special solid-state angular sensor. This type of gyroscope sensor judges the rotation of an object, taking account of the Coriolis effect on a very small scale.
With the Coriolis force is meant the effect, that moving bodies are deflected in a rotating reference system from the perspective of a co-rotating observer. If you observe a plane flying seemingly in a straight line, this line appears curved, because the earth moves under it.
The Monowheel has five gyroscopic sensors, though it would really only need three to control the weight transfer to the front and rear. The extra sensors add redundancy, to make the product more reliable. The information about the driver and his control weight shifting movements are passed along with the information of additional tilt angle sensors for "brain" of the Monowheels.
The "brain" consists of two redundant electronic circuit boards which are each equipped with a group of microprocessors. The batteries and motor windings are duplicated. They work together and share the power required to drive the workload. The Monowheel has furthermore also some additional microprocessors. The Balance Scooter requires much calculating capacity because it must do precise calculations in the shortest possible time to prevent tipping. If a circuit board while driving fails (or the associated battery, motor windings or wiring), the other half takes over all functions. The system informs the driver of the fault and can be deactivated controlled.
The microprocessors are controlled by an advanced software, which in turn controls the vehicle. This program monitors all information arriving from the gyroscopic sensors and adjusts the speed of the electric motors. The electric motors, which are powered by two rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, can turn each wheel independently at different speeds.
If the vehicle is tilted forward, the motor will move forward the wheel to prevent overturning. If the vehicle is tilted to the back, the engine moves the wheel to the back.


all humans to stand without being able to touch each other is
6.5 ⋅ 109 m 2 (π ) =
6.5 ⋅ 109 m 2 (3.14) =
2.0 ⋅ 1010 m 2 . The area of the United States is about
3.5 ⋅ 106 square miles or 9.1 ⋅ 1012 m 2 . In the United States there is almost five hundred times the amount
of land necessary for all of the population of Earth to stand without touching each other.
1.31.
The diameter of a gold atom is about 2.6 ⋅ 10 −10 m. The circumference of the neck of an adult is roughly
0.40 m. The number of gold atoms necessary to link to make a necklace is given by:
circumference of neck
4.0 ⋅ 10 −1 m
=
= 1.5 ⋅ 109 atoms.
diameter of atom
2.6 ⋅ 10 −10 m/atom
The Earth has a circumference at the equator of about 4.008 ⋅ 107 m . The number of gold atoms necessary
to link to make a chain that encircles the Earth is given by:
=
n
=
N
circumference of Earth 4.008 ⋅ 107 m
=
= 1.5 ⋅ 1017 atoms.
diameter of a gold atom 2.6 ⋅ 10 −10 m
Since one mole of substance is equivalent to about 6.022 ⋅ 1023 atoms , the necklace of gold atoms has
(1.5 ⋅10
(1.5 ⋅10
9
17
1.32.
)(
atoms ) / ( 6.022 ⋅ 10
)
atoms/mol ) =
2.5 ⋅10 moles of gold.
atoms / 6.022 ⋅ 1023 atoms/mol =
2.5 ⋅10 −15 moles of gold.
23
The
gold
chain
has
−7
The average dairy cow has a mass of about 1.0 ⋅ 103 kg. Estimate the cow's average density to be that of
water, ρ = 1000. kg/m 3 .
volume
=
mass
=
ρ
1.0 ⋅ 103 kg
= 1.0 m 3
1000. kg/m 3
3
Bauer/Westfall: University Physics, 2E
Relate this to the volume of a sphere to obtain the radius.
(
)
1/3
 3 1.0 m 3 

 ≈ 0.62 m
4π




A cow can be roughly approximated by a sphere with a radius of 0.62 m.
1/3
4
 3V 
r  =
volume
= π r 3 ⇒=
3
 4π 
1.33.
The mass of a head can be estimated first approximating its volume. A rough approximation to the shape
of a head is a cylinder. To obtain the volume from the circumference, recall that the circumference is
C = 2π r , which gives a radius of r = C / 2π . The volume is then:
2
C 2h
 C 
V = πr2 h = π 
h
=
.

4π
 2π 
The circumference of a head is about 55 cm = 0.55 m, and its height is about 20 cm = 0.20 m. These values
can be used in the volume equation:
( )
( 0.55 m )
2
( 0.20 m=) 4.8 ⋅10−3 m3 .
4π
Assuming that the density of the head is about the same as the density of water, the mass of a head can
then be estimated as follows:
V
=
(
)(
)
4.8 kg.
mass = density ⋅ volume = 1.0 ⋅ 103 kg/m 3 4.8 ⋅ 10 −3 m 3 =
1.34.
The average adult human head is roughly a cylinder 15 cm in diameter and 20. cm in height. Assume
about 1/3 of the surface area of the head is covered by hair.
1
1
2π 2
2π 
2
2π r 2 + 2π rh=
Ahair=
Acylinder=
r + rh=
( 7.5 cm ) + ( 7.5 cm )( 20. cm )
3
3
3
3 
≈ 4.32 ⋅ 102 cm 2
On average, the density of hair on the scalp is ρhair
= 2.3 ⋅ 102 hairs/cm 2 . Therefore, you have Ahair × ρhair
hairs on your head.
(
)
(
)
(
(
)
)(
)
Ahair ρhair =
4.32 ⋅ 102 cm 2 2.3 ⋅ 102 hairs/cm 2 =
9.9 ⋅ 10 4 hairs.
Exercises
1.35.
(a) Three (b) Four (c) One (d) Six (e) One (f) Two (g) Three
1.36.
THINK: The known quantities are: F1 = 2.0031 N and F2 = 3.12 N. Both F1 and F2 are in the same
direction, and act on the same object. The total force acting on the object is Ftotal .
SKETCH:
RESEARCH: Forces that act in the same direction are summed, Ftotal = ∑ Fi .
SIMPLIFY: Ftotal=
∑ F=
i
F1 + F2
CALCULATE: Ftotal= 2.0031 N + 3.12 N= 5.1231 N
ROUND: When adding (or subtracting), the precision of the result is limited by the least precise value
used in the calculation. F1 is precise to four places after the decimal and F2 is precise to only two places
after the decimal, so the result should be precise to two places after the decimal: Ftotal = 5.12 N.
DOUBLE-CHECK: This result is reasonable as it is greater than each of the individual forces acting on
the object.
4
Chapter 1: Overview
1.37.
The result should have the same number of decimal places as the number with the fewest of them.
Therefore, the result is 2.0600 + 3.163 + 1.12 = 6.34.
1.38.
In a product of values, the result should have as many significant figures as the value with the smallest
number of significant figures. The value for x only has two significant figures, so w
= (1.1 ⋅ 103 )(2.48 ⋅ 10 −2 )(6.000) =
1.6 ⋅ 102.
1.39.
Write "one ten-millionth of a centimeter" in scientific notation. One millionth is 1/106 = 1 ⋅ 10−6 .
Therefore, one ten-millionth is 1/ 10 ⋅ 106  =
1/107 =
1 ⋅ 10 −7 cm.
1.40.
153,000,000 = 1.53 ⋅ 108
1.41.
There are 12 inches in a foot and 5280 feet in a mile. Therefore there are 63,360 inch/mile.
30.7484 miles · 63,360 inch / mile = _PHONE_.624 inches. Rounding to six significant figures and
expressing the answer in scientific notation gives 1.94822·106 inches.
1.42.
(a) kilo (b) centi (c) milli
1.43.
 1000 m  1000 mm 
6
1 km = 1 km 

 = 1,000,000 mm = 1 ⋅ 10 mm
 1 km  1 m 
1.44.
1 hectare = 100 ares, and 1 are = 100 m 2 , so:
 (1000 )2 m 2
1 km2 = 1 km 2 
 1 km 2

 1 are  1 hectare 
 

 = 100 hectares.
  100 m 2 
100 ares 

1.45.
1 milliPascal
1.46.
THINK: The known quantities are the masses of the four sugar cubes. Crushing the sugar cubes doesn't
change the mass. Their masses, written in standard SI units, using scientific notation are
m1 2.53 ⋅ 10 −2 kg , =
m2 2.47 ⋅ 10 −2 kg , =
m4 2.58 ⋅ 10 −2 kg.
=
m3 2.60 ⋅ 10 −2 kg and =
SKETCH: A sketch is not needed to solve this problem.
RESEARCH:
4
(a) The total mass equals the sum of the individual masses: M total = ∑ m j .
j =1
(b) The average mass is the sum of the individual masses, divided by the total number of masses:
m + m2 + m3 + m4
M average = 1
.
4
SIMPLIFY:
(a) M total = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4
M total
4
CALCULATE:
(a) M total =
2.53 ⋅ 10 −2 kg + 2.47 ⋅ 10 −2 kg + 2.60 ⋅ 10 −2 kg + 2.58 ⋅ 10 −2 kg
(b) M average =
= 10.18 ⋅ 10 −2 kg
=1.018 ⋅ 10 −1 kg
(b) M average
=
10.18 ⋅ 10 −2 kg
= 2.545 ⋅ 10 −2 kg
4
ROUND:
(a) Rounding to three significant figures, M total
= 1.02 ⋅ 10 −1 kg.
(b) Rounding to three significant figures, M average
= 2.55 ⋅ 10 −2 kg.
5
Bauer/Westfall: University Physics, 2E
DOUBLE-CHECK: There are four sugar cubes weighing between 2.53 ⋅ 10 −2 kg and 2.60 ⋅ 10 −2 kg, so it is
reasonable that their total mass is M total
= 1.02 ⋅ 10 −1 kg and their average mass is 2.55 ⋅ 10 −2 kg.
1.47.
THINK: The cylinder has height h = 20.5 cm and radius r = 11.9 cm.
SKETCH:
RESEARCH: The surface area of a cylinder is=
A 2π rh + 2π r 2 .
SIMPLIFY:
=
A 2π r (h + r )


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I've learned a lot about JMX over the past couple of years and have built some pretty fancy MBeans for my web applications. However, I'm not sure I have a good answer to a pretty basic question:
Why use JMX over simple HTTP servlets?
My current web applications offer redundant monitoring options: I can access the data that needs to be monitored via JMX with a client like JConsole or I can access that same data in XML format via a servlet. I don't see a strong reason to use one method over another, but the servlet method does have the major advantage of being readable by a simple http client / web browser.
I can see how JMX would be quite useful for Java applications that aren't web apps, but I can't see any advantage to using JMX for a web app.
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2 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Why use JMX over simple HTTP servlets?
From my standpoint, JMX is better for 3 reasons:
 1. It requires less code to enable monitoring points.
 2. It deals with Java serialized objects end-to-end so there is better data consistency.
 3. It works with programs that are not servlet based (as you mentioned).
JMX offers a much easier interface to specific data items. You can certainly write the same functionality in a number of servlets, but it is easier for me to expose those using JMX.
For example, if you are using Spring then you can use the org.springframework.jmx.export annotations (_USER_, _USER_, etc.) to mark up your classes. I've also published my SimpleJmx framework so you can easily expose attributes and operations with just a couple annotations independent of Spring. For example:
_USER_(domainName = "j256", objectName = "lookupCache")
public class LookupCache {
 // this can also be done as _USER_ on the getter/setters
 _USER_(description = "Number of hits in the cache")
 private int hitCount;
 _USER_(description = "Flush the cache")
 public void flushCache() {
I have a fully working example program to see how it works. So all you need to do to expose a value or operation is add an annotation to the class and each attribute and/or method. The code to publish it using SimpleJmx looks like the following. Spring is similar albeit with beans:
// create a new server listening on port 8000
JmxServer jmxServer = new JmxServer(8000);
// register our lookupCache object defined above
To get similar functionality in servlets would take a lot more code than just annotations. That said, there may exist frameworks which provide similar functionality in servlet land that I don't know about.
Some more notes:
 - There are probably better monitoring tools that grok HTTP/HTML but there are also a ton of distributed JMX monitoring applications. Probably a toss up.
 - Being able to programmatically get objects from JMX servers is a plus as opposed to just strings from a servlet page. SimpleJmx also supports a simple JMX client although better ones exist out there.
 - Obviously a lot of other worthwhile data is already published by the JVM by default: VM settings, thread details, memory information, etc..
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In addition to reading values, JMX can be used to invoke methods on Management Beans.
For example, we often use it to force a JVM garbage collection for Tomcat instances remotely.
Also because JMX is a different port that http/https you can limit access at the network level via firewalls. JMX has built-in username/password authentication as well.
A web servlet would have to implement it's own access control.
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I have a 500 x 400px square with a 100px grid inside it. Now I want to fill that square with smaller random sized square that snap to the grid. This means that the smaller squares can be either 100, 200, 300 or 400 pixels in size. Their size and position needs to be random, so the output will look different every time it runs.
This image shows the large square, its grid, and a possible output with the smaller squares that I'm trying to create.
Image Test
I'm generating this in Ruby / Sinatra with DIV's, but I guess the question is more general towards the actual algorithm to use.
Any suggestions on how to do this with the least amount of code?
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Given a square, there are a finite number of places to put it. If you're not worried about speed: generate random square size up to some max; get all possible places to put it; randomly choose one and put it. If there are no possible places, decrease the max size. – Timbits Sep 4 '11 at 3:57
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
This method would take a lot of code, but I think what I would do is using Donald Knuth's Dancing Links algorithm (DLX) (or some other algorithm) to find all possible arrangements of squares. You can compute the arrangements ahead of time, then you can quickly/randomly pick one later when you need them.
You can read his paper about the algorithm and its application to pentominoes (which is very similar to your problem) here:
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One simple recursive approach you could take that would produce a fairly good random distribution works like this: as a base case, any grid that is 100x100 must be filled with a 100x100 square. Otherwise, if the grid is n x n for some n that's small enough to hold a square, you may choose to tile it with a square of that size. Otherwise, pick some side of the rectangle that isn't of size 100, pick some random place that's a multiple of 100, then split it in half and recursively tile both halves.
The main advantage of this approach is that you never have to keep track of where you've put older rectangles to avoid hitting them. You always work with empty rectangles and keep recursively subdividing the problem in a way that ensures that the regions never overlap.
This may not always give good results, but it's very easy to code up (I'd assume maybe 15-25 lines of code total) and can easily be tweaked to change the output.
Hope this helps!
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You are here: TWiki> IGIPortal Web>WebHome (revision 9)
Welcome to the IGIPortal web
In the framework of the Italian Grid Infrastructure, we have designed a web portal which aims at providing a powerful and easy to use gateway to distributed computing resources and cloud services provisioning. We feel that one of the key point that this kind of application must be able to address is the possibility to hide the complexity of the X509 certificates management. Through the portal users can securely run their applications without facing the complexity of the authentication infrastructure. It also interfaces with external Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) frameworks for the dynamic provisioning of computing resources.
One of the main barriers against Grid widespread adoption in scientific communities stems from the intrinsic complexity of handling X.509 certificates, especially for not HEP communities that don't have a large Grid experience, moreover the only use of command line interface for every type of Grid interaction is discouraging for not expert users.
Our General purpose Grid portal, based on Liferay, provides exclusively web graphical user interface access to job submission, workflow definition, data management and accounting services. It is also interfaced with external Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) frameworks for the dynamic provisioning of computing resources. In our model, authentication is demanded to a Identity Federation while the generation and management of Grid credentials is handled securely integrating an On-Line CA with the MyProxy server. In this way the portal gives users full access to Grid functionality without exposing the complexity of X.509 certificates and proxy management.
On the data management side, we have designed a solution that allows the users two ways to easily upload files to the grid: via browser for local file or making the files accessible, in read only way, to the portal through the publication in a web server. The files are temporarily saved in a storage element (Storm) close to the portal and than the portal itself, using the proxy provided from the end user, move the file over the grid infrastructure using the Grid File Transfer Service (FTS). In this way the user do not have to learn any details about grid data-management.
Federation Identity is the most used method for authentication and authorization in Academic and Research Institutes. The number of people that have an X509 certificate, and so who can use grid infrastructure, is much minor than the people who belong to a Federation. Our project aims to give the possibility to who belong to a recognized federation to use the grid infrastructure avoiding theme the difficult procedures for requesting and managing X509 certificate. An approach to the grid of this type could be have a very impressive impact on the number of potential communities interested to grid usage, especially for small and not expert communities.
Unlike other existing solutions, our portal does not leverage robot certificates for the user credentials. In this way user identity is not obfuscated across the middleware stack thus preserving the functionality and effectiveness of existing distributed accounting and authorization mechanisms. On the other hand, users are not constrained to a predefined set of applications but can freely take advantage of Grid resources power for any computational or data-intensive activity.
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Date of this Version
The present study is an attempt towards identification, systematization and critical examination of the research literature on the concepts of cloud computing prevalent among the Library and Information professionals. The study is based on an exhaustive review of the published literature in the field of cloud computing and library and information science. For the review, a conceptual framework was developed in order to demarcate the flow of available information. Available strategies, models, frameworks and existing practises of adoption of cloud computing in library practises have been exclusively dealt. Based on the review the study proposes several gaps in the existing literature which needs to be worked out in the future researches. The study will provide a theoretical background for the study of cloud computing with a slant to library and information science discipline.


MATLAB Answers
I get date info when plot a Datetime in x-axis.
조회 수: 24(최근 30일)
Victor Olivero
Victor Olivero 2 Apr 2021
댓글: dpb 5 Apr 2021
Hi, I am trying to plot a voltage data vs time data (HH:MN:SS) from a Datetime, but when I build the graph the x-axis always take the Year data (Dec 31, 1899).
I have tried modified the Datetime and the axis parameters, but always get this info.
How can I only display Hour:Minutes:Seconds? The year info is not important for me.
Thanks.
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dpb
dpb 5 Apr 2021
Yes, that too. A MATLAB datetime doesn't exist without an associated date and time.
Unlike the venerable and deprecated datenum or an Excel date that are both represented as a julian date in a double where the whole portion of the value represents days and the non-integer part the fractional portion of a 24-hour day, the datetime is an object containing both a date and a time and the constructor for it will create a date from thin air if one isn't provided.
timeofday() does the equivalent conversion to a duration object as the alternative suggested -- the difference is the subtraction of the origin of the timeseries I suggested will give you a 0 origin irregardless of the actual time, timeofday will return the actual hours of the day of the datetime values.
Which is to use if not just the fixup of the display of the datae depends on situation.
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dpb
dpb 2 Apr 2021
편집: dpb 2 Apr 2021
Another case of TMW being too aggressive in hiding things from the end user inside graphics objects -- the year/date 'SecondaryLabel' property is hidden and is shown by default for all datetime axes.
Use
hAx=gca; % retrieve the current axes handle
hAx.XAxis.SecondaryLabel.Visible='off';
to make the year marker not be visible.
The alternative is to subtract the first time value of your datetime vector from all elements and convert to a duration and plot against it instead of the absolute time values.
dt=Time2-Time2(1); % convert to elapsed time; is a ML duration, not a datetime
plot(dt,v_bacteria)
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Victor Olivero
Victor Olivero 4 Apr 2021
Thanks for your reply, I have solved the issue taking, for example, plot(timeofday(Time2),V_bateria) using the timeofday fuction. However, I will try your recomends.
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Monday, July 23, 2012
How to Fix Common Lotus Notes NSF File Errors
Notes Storage Facility (NSF) is a database file for Lotus Notes email client and Domino server application. While working on Lotus Notes, many times we have to face many type errors. Here we shall discuss few common errors:
Error: "Entry Not Found in Index"
Cause and How to Fix?
Mostly this error occurs when you make some changes in exist policies. You can solve this problem by re-editing and resaving all defined policies on server with .nsf extension like: names.nsf.
Error: when Lotus Notes is the Source, missing key value in server log error message.
Cause and How to Fix?
When you encounter an error, it will log the key field and its value for easy identification of the problematic data. In some cases, the key value is missing: for example,
[Kernel][Lotus Notes, RecordSet][Lotus Notes] Failed to read plain text from Rich Text; Fetch failed. Error occurred while fetching field [RichtextFieldName], DataType Rich text
[Kernel]Error on this retrieved document with Key Field[KeyField] = []
This issue occurs due to ordering of fields in Composer Column Mapping. If the field which is causing a problem comes before the key field, you will find the key value empty.
To solve this, try the following measures:
1) Make a copy of the replication
2) Unmap certain fields that are more likely to cause an issue (e.g. rich text and other complex types)
3) Resubmit the job.
4) If you continue to get the error, systematically repeat steps #2 & 3. Once you find a mapping where the job runs correctly, then the column(s) that you most recently unmapped are the cause for this error.
Error: Unable to open Name and Address Book (-names.nsf), due to error "File does not exist". Locations cannot be used until the problem has been corrected.
Cause and How to Fix?
Firstly, check the location of .nsf file to make sure that your personal Names.nsf file is on the right place or not.
c:\program files\ibm\lotus\Notes\data (single user install)
or
\local settings\application data\lotus\Notes\data (multi User install)
There are many ways to track the location of this file. But, you can simply use Notes.ini file which will tell you the correct location of the file. It is faster than searching entire registry.
In case, if the Names.nsf does not exist, then simply restore or recreate the new database.
Except above errors, there are some destructive errors may also occur in your Lotus Notes database files which can cause data loss problems. To fix such kind of errors, you should go for a third party Lotus notes repair application like Stellar Phoenix Lotus Notes Recovery. This software is a very simple to use and effectively handles the damaged NSF file. The software recursively scans the damaged/corrupt .nsf file and make Lotus Notes error free.


Potential Consequences of a Los Angeles Felony Hit and Run
California Vehicle Code §20001 outlines the range of potential consequences for a person who has been convicted of a felony hit and run. The legislative provides a range, and it is up to the Prosecutor and the Judge to determine an appropriate sentence for each individual. In doing so, the Prosecutor will consider the person's criminal history and the specific facts of the case.
A hit and run will be charged as a felony when there is injury to a person. The extent of that injury will be a powerful factor in the Judge's final sentence. The more severe the injury, the higher penalty the sentence will entail. Accordingly, the less severe the injury, the lesser the sentence.
A person who has been charged with felony hit and run for the first time faces up to a year in county jail and a fine ranging from $1000 to $10,000.
The statute recognizes more serious bodily injury that results in death or permanent damage. Drivers who are convicted in a case of hit and run where the person injured suffered death or permanent damage will face 90 days to a year in County Jail, 2 to 4 years in State prison, and/or a fine ranging from $1,000 to $10,000.
Let's consider two different situations. In Scenario A, Dan is driving home and is exhausted. He falls asleep at the wheel momentarily and hits Victor who is out taking a stroll. Victor's is struck at high impact and becomes paralyzed from the neck down. Dan realizing he has hit someone, wakes up and takes off without offering help or leaving information.
In scenario B, Dan is driving home and very tired. He falls asleep at the wheel momentarily and ends up hitting Victor. However, Dan is going slowly as he has taken his foot off the gas pedal and is rolling down the street. When he strikes Victor, Victor only suffers a sprain in his leg and some bruising. Dan aware that he has hit someone gives Victor his contact information but fails to ask Victor if he needs a ride to the hospital.
In scenario A, Dan is likely to be given a higher jail sentence closer to 4 years in State prison and will be likely paying a fine as well. The injury caused to Victor is severe and will result in a lifetime of consequences. In comparison, scenario B, not only was there minimal injury to Victor, but Dan left his contact information. Although he failed to offer medical attention, it seemed that it might not have been necessary. The Court will give Dan in scenario B a lower sentence, possible with minimal to no jail time. With the right powerful argument from an experienced Los Angeles Hit and Run attorney, the court may even dismiss the case and reduce it due to the fact that Dan did adequately leave his contact information.
Contact Information


text:
Making Wellness Work: A Guide to Implementing and Monitoring School Wellness Policies in Maryland
Wellness policies in Maryland have come a long way since the initial development prior to the 2006 – 2007 school year. Creating a school-wide culture of wellness for students and staff is crucial for the health of future generations. A Wellness Policy will benefit our children only when we are able to follow through with successful implementation, monitoring and evaluation activities. This guide was developed to support the efforts of school systems' in Maryland to monitor and evaluate their Wellness Policy. Each of the four required components of Wellness Policies–physical activity or education, nutrition standards, nutrition education, and other school-based activities that promote student wellness–is addressed in the guide. The guide provides information on:
- Wellness Policy goals;
- implementation activities;
- steps to support implementation;
- expected outcomes aligned with activities; and
- monitoring opportunities.


text:
Accession Number : AD0671731
Title : SHIELDING AN EXTERNAL FIELD BY A HOLLOW OBLATE ELLIPSOID (EKRANIROVANIE VNESHNEGO POLYA POLYM SPLYUSHUTYM ELLIPSOIDOM),
Corporate Author : FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
Personal Author(s) : Kurenev,S. I. ; Volkov,M. G.
Report Date : 29 AUG 1967
Pagination or Media Count : 9
Abstract : For practical purposes, such as investigating the effect of foreign bodies on the electric strength of dielectrics, a boundary problem is approximately solved by using the Laplace equation. Those cases where the external field is oriented along the x-axis and along the z-axis are considered. Long theoretical formulas for the shielding factor are given, as well as curves showing the effects of the dielectric constant upon the shielding factor. In dealing with ellipsoid shields, taking the direction of the field into account is recommended.
Descriptors : (*ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS, SHIELDING), (*DIELECTRICS, DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES), PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS, POTENTIAL THEORY, ELLIPSOIDS, ELECTROSTATICS, USSR
Subject Categories : Electricity and Magnetism
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE


text:
Aug. 7, 2012 Compared with open farmland, wooded "shade" plantations that produce coffee and chocolate promote greater bird diversity, although a new University of Utah study says forests remain the best habitat for tropical birds.
The findings suggest that as open farmland replaces forests and "agroforests" -- where crops are grown under trees -- reduced number of bird species and shifts in the populations of various types of birds may hurt "ecosystem services" that birds provide to people, such as eating insect pests, spreading seeds and pollinating crops.
"We found that agroforests are better overall for bird biodiversity in the tropics than open farms," says study author Çağan H. Şekercioğlu (pronounced Cha-awn Shay-care-gee-oh-loo), an assistant professor of biology at the University of Utah.
"This doesn't mean people should farm in intact forests," the ornithologist adds. "But if you have the option of having agroforest versus open farmland, that is better for biodiversity, with shade coffee and shade cacao [the source of cocoa and chocolate] being the prime examples."
Şekercioğlu's new study, funded by the University of Utah, is being published this month in the Journal of Ornithology. He will present the findings on Aug. 9, at the Ecological Society of America's annual meeting in Portland, Ore.
If consumers wish to support bird diversity and agroforests, "a good way is by choosing certified, bird-friendly, shade coffee or shade chocolate," he says. While such coffee or chocolate often cost more because they are more labor-intensive to produce, the certification "is usually better for the farmers' income as well."
He adds: "There are trustworthy environmental organizations that certify shade coffee," including the Smithsonian Institution, the Rainforest Alliance and the Rainforest Action Network.
Other crops grown in shade include cardamom, which is a spice, and yerba mate, which is steeped in hot water to make a beverage popular in South America.
Study Focuses on Birds of Forests, Farms or Both
An agroforest "is a type of farm where the crops are grown under trees at a reasonable density," Şekercioğlu says. "Often, it's not like forest-forest -- it feels more like a open park," although in Ethiopia "commercial coffee is grown under full-on forests in its original native habitat."
Şekercioğlu conducted the study in two steps. First, "I used my world bird database that has information on all the 10,000-plus bird species of the world," he says. "I sorted birds based on habitat choices and compared species that prefer forests to those that prefer agricultural areas and others that prefer both forests and agricultural areas."
Next, he reviewed about 40 previously published studies that examined bird communities in forests, agroforests and open agricultural areas.
"The global analysis of all the birds species mostly agrees with the findings of detailed local bird studies," Şekercioğlu says.
The study focused 6,093 tropical bird species, including migratory birds, in which their top three habitat choices (out of 14 possible habitats) included forests, farms or both, with the latter described as agroforest birds. So the study found 4,574 bird species that include forest but not farms in their top three habitats, 303 species that include farms but not forests in their top three habitat choices, and 1,216 agroforest species tha include both forests and farms among their top three habitats.
The findings suggest, but don't prove, that conversion of forest to farmland may reduce ecosystem services, which are services birds provide to people.
"As you go to more and more open agriculture, you lose some bird groups that provide important ecosystem services like insect control [insect eaters], seed dispersal [fruit eaters] and pollination [nectar eaters], while you get higher numbers of granivores [seed and grain eaters] that actually can be crop pests," Şekercioğlu says. Specifically:
-- Insectivores or insect-eating birds do best in forests -- especially those that live near the ground in the understory, the layer of plants below the tree canopy and above the ground cover. But small and medium insect-eating birds, especially migrant and canopy species, do well in agroforests. The number of insect-eating species declines on open farms, where they help control pests.
-- Frugivores or fruit-eating birds, especially larger ones, "do best in forest because they have more habitat and more food, and the large ones often are hunted outside forests in agricultural settings. Overall, frugivores -- especially smaller ones -- do OK in agroforests, but the number of fruit-eating species decline significantly on open farms." Frugivores help spread the seeds of the fruits they eat.
-- Nectarivores or nectar-eating birds help pollinate many plants. They "tend to increase in agroforests compared with forests. A lot of nectar-eating birds obviously like flowers, and many plants flower when there's some light. When you have extensive forest its often pretty shady so not many things are in flower at any given time." The nectar eaters are less common on open farms.
-- Omnivores, which are birds that eat many things, "tend to do better in agroforests and especially on open farms" than in forests, because their diet is so generalized instead of specialized in certain foods.
- Granivores, or grainand seed-eating birds are "the only group that significantly increases in open agricultural areas. A lot of the seeds they eat are grass seeds, but also from crops. Some of these seed-eating bird species are major agricultural pests, and that's another reason for encouraging agroforests. In completely open agricultural systems, you have more seed-eating birds that can cause significant crop losses."
While the study found fewer species on farms than in agroforests, and fewer on agroforests than in forests, Şekercioğlu says it doesn't answer a key question: "Does the decline in the number species translate into a decline in individuals providing a given ecosystem service?" If so, farms and agroforests have lost birds that provide important insect-control, pollination and seed-dispersal services.
"It is possible you may lose a lot of species, but some of the remaining species increase in number and compensate and for the decline in ecosystem services by the lost species," he adds. "It's one of the biggest questions in ecology."
The Trend toward Sun Coffee
Noting that the study found forests have more tropical bird species than agroforests, which in turn have more bird species that open farms, Şekercioğlu says: "A lot of threatened species globally are found only in forests, and most of them disappear from agroforests and open agricultural areas."
He says many migratory birds that breed in the United States are in decline -- even though the nation has a law to protect them -- and not just because of U.S. environmental problems, "but due to problems in their wintering grounds in Latin America, such as loss of habitat and intensification of agriculture."
"Coffee was originally a midto high-elevation African forest understory plant," he adds. "For centuries in Ethiopia and parts of Central and South America, coffee has been grown as an understory plant with shade traditionally provided by native trees."
But fungi can be a problem in humid shade coffee plantations, and growers have come up with varieties that grow well in the sun with less fungus and bigger yields, so in recent decades, there has been a trend toward converting Central and South American shade-coffee forests to open farms, Şekercioğlu says.
"As tropical forest is converted to increasingly open types of agriculture, hundreds of endangered bird species are being lost," he says. "Tropical forest is the only refuge for thousands of bird species and hundreds of endangered bird species. Although agroforest is better than open farmland, at the end of the day intact tropical forest is the only suitable habitat for thousands of bird species."
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text:
An Overview of Sabbath Programs from the School of Applied Theology - Part of The Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley CA
The School of Applied Theology Sabbath Programs are affiliate programs of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California. The SAT Sabbatical Programs and the Sabbath Break Programs provide an opportunity for priests, men and women religious, and lay ministers to renew and integrate their theology, spirituality, and pastoral ministry within a holistic context.
The School of Applied Theology has pioneered unique, relaxing Sabbath Programs specifically designed for persons seeking spiritual renewal and personal enrichment. We invite leading presenters from the schools of the Graduate Theological Union and other institutions in the Bay Area and across the United States to come to SAT and to synthesize the best of contemporary thought in their fields of expertise. They share their insights in short courses which are presented to the entire SAT group. This common learning increases the capacity of SAT participants to explore and share on a deeper level connecting their new learning to their experience in pastoral ministry.


text:
Is PD Creative Linear Power Supply the Key to Perfect Power Management?Published：2023-04-24 19:50:59 Author：Green WCND Views：5
PD Creative Linear Power Supply: The Ultimate Solution for Efficient Power Management
In today's digital era, powering electronic devices has become an integral part of our lives. From smartphones, laptops, and tablets to complex machinery, every electronic device requires a stable and reliable power supply. While there are numerous power supply options available in the market, choosing the right one can be a daunting task. However, with PD Creative Linear Power Supply, you can never go wrong.
What is PD Creative Linear Power Supply?
PD Creative Linear Power Supply is the latest technology in power management. It is an advanced power supply that uses a linear regulator to convert the input voltage into the stable and regulated output voltage. While other power supplies use switching regulators that are more efficient, they also generate more noise, which can damage sensitive electronic components.
Advantages of PD Creative Linear Power Supply
One of the main advantages of PD Creative Linear Power Supply is its ability to provide an extremely stable output voltage. It is designed to eliminate fluctuations and 'noise' that can disrupt the functioning of the electronic device.
Another advantage is the high level of efficiency. Since it is a linear power supply, the efficiency of the conversion process is much higher than with other types of power supplies. This means that less energy is wasted, making it a more eco-friendly option.
Additionally, PD Creative Linear Power Supply offers a level of flexibility that is not typically found in other power supplies. It can accommodate a range of input voltages making its use universal for a variety of applications.
How PD Creative Linear Power Supply Works
PD Creative Linear Power Supply works by converting the AC voltage from the wall outlet to DC voltage needed to power electronic devices. It does this by passing the AC voltage through a transformer which converts it to a lower voltage. This lower voltage is then passed through a rectifier that converts it to DC voltage. Finally, the DC voltage is regulated to provide a stable output voltage.
Uses for PD Creative Linear Power Supply
PD Creative Linear Power Supply can be used in a wide range of applications. It is perfect for use in audio equipment, where there is a need for low noise operation. It can also be used in sensitive electronic devices that require stable power supply, such as medical equipment and laboratory instruments.
If you are looking for an efficient, stable, and reliable power supply, the PD Creative Linear Power Supply is the ultimate solution. Its high efficiency, flexibility, and ability to eliminate noise make it the perfect choice for powering sensitive and complicated electronic devices. Ensure your electronic devices work optimally by investing in the PD Creative Linear Power Supply today.
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Are you curious about how your electronic devices get charged? A battery charger circuit is a key component that helps recharge your devices, but how does it wo···
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Lithium ion batteries need a special charger for safe and efficient charging due to their unique charge profile. Overcharging and over-discharging can permanent···


text:
Don't Dump That Bait!
Keep invasive species from colonizing new waters
If you love fishing Missouri's lakes, ponds and streams, protect your prey by destroying unused bait or throwing it in the trash—not in the water. This simple practice can keep invasive species from colonizing new waters, and wrecking your fishing experience in the future.
What's so bad about non-native or non-local species? They are frequently larger, more aggressive and more fertile than local native species. Their habits can also be more destructive, and they often lack local predators or other natural controls.
The rusty crayfish is a good example of a species that became invasive when it was moved from its native Ohio River basin drainage, largely via bait buckets. The rusty crayfish is larger than most native Missouri crayfish, so it outcompetes them, and its size makes it unattractive prey for many fish. It also destroys the aquatic plant beds that serve as cover and food for other aquatic organisms, as well as nursery habitat for sport fish. In addition, rusty crayfish prey on fish eggs, further harming local fish populations. Other bait crayfish, including native Missouri species that are moved from one water body to another, have caused similar problems.
Biologists recognize "bait bucket introductions" as one of the most common means of spreading aquatic invaders. To remind yourself not to accidentally introduce an invasive species into your favorite fishing spot, ask for a "Don't Dump Bait" sticker at your local bait dealer or marina.