method, be sure to take things one step at a time with your rat. If you start off baths early in your pet rat's life, bathing will get easier over time. Just remember—baths don't have to be stressful for you or your rat.
Gadget's tail is far less dirty than Patches' tail, as she is many months younger.
Fun Facts About Rats
 1. Rats know how to swim.
 - True
 - False
 2. Rat's have a poor sense of balance.
 - True
 - False
 3. Rats are one of the most intelligent pets.
 - True
 - False
 4. A rat's tail helps regulate body temperature.
 - True
 - False
 5. Rat's are unable to vomit.
 - True
 - False
Answer Key
 1. True
 2. False
 3. True
 4. True
 5. True
Questions & Answers
Question: Why is my rat breathing heavily?
Answer: What kind of bedding are you using for your rat? Things like cedar wood shavings can bring on respiratory infection. Use paper bedding instead. Some people also line the cage with fleece, but this has to be frequently washed. Rats can also get sick if it's too cold, or of the cage is in a drafty area. Either way, I would find an exotic vet in your area and bring the rat in. If it has a respiratory infection, it will need antibiotics to treat it. Respiratory illness does not get better on its own.
Question: What food can I give my picky rats?
Answer: Will they not eat rat blocks at all? There are seed diets out there, but they aren't very healthy and can be fattening. I know some people actually make their own rat diets by combining different food items, but I've never done that. Have you tried different brands of foods? It could be they don't like the taste of a particular brand of block.
Question: There is no pet shampoo in our pet shops. Is it OK to bathe my mouse with dish soap or sulphate-free baby shampoo? This mouse has a permanent head tilt from a babyhood ear infection, so he can't clean himself properly.
Answer: Dawn dish soap would be okay, but you'd only need the tiniest amount. I'm unsure about baby shampoo.
Question: Is it OK to give your rat a bath if the water is contaminated/has a chlorine smell?
Answer: Is it your tap water that smells like chlorine? If it is a strong smell and enough to concern you, could you use room temperature bottled water instead? Many pet stores also sell waterless shampoo for small pets that you just spray on and rub in, or grooming wipes for a quick clean.
Question: How do I feed my rat?
Answer: You can keep a full bowl of rat food in its cage. They tend to eat when hungry, or hoard food in a special spot.
Question: How many times should I wash my rats? Should I give them a bath once a week or like every day?
Answer: Rats are very good at keeping themselves clean, and do not need to bathed constantly. If they get especially smelly, every once in a while is fine. When my rats got older and cleaning themselves was more difficult, I washed them more often.
Question: is there any way to re-introduce my rat to water?
Answer: You could try only filling up the bathtub slightly, so there is hardly any water, and increase the amount over time. My rats never enjoyed water, so I don't have the best hands-on advice!
Question: What do I wash my rat with?
Answer: Most pet stores sell small animal shampoo - if your rats have an aversion to water, you can try waterless spray shampoo.
Question: What happens if I have had my rats for over two years and they hate the bath tub? I know I could use the dry shampoo stuff but I don't know where to find it.
Answer: My rats have always hated getting wet. Do you have any pet stores in your area? Or can you order the dry shampoo online?
Question: Can I use small animal grooming wipes on my rats?
Answer: Yes, small animal grooming wipes are fine for rats. I wouldn't wipe them all the time though, to avoid drying out their skin.
Jessica Peri (author) from United States on August 25, 2020:
_USER_ You don't have to wash your rats much at all. If they get accidentally dirty, or have trouble cleaning themselves due to age, baths may become more necessary. Rats are otherwise very good at cleaning themselves. If you'd like to get them used to water, you can draw them a warm water bath without shampoo.
Miapegasi on August 09, 2020:
I have four male rats around 5 weeks old. I'm thinking about giving them their first bath. Should I use shampoo the first time I bathe them or no? How many times should I wash my rats a week?
Jessica Peri (author) from United States on January 10, 2020:
If you had a rat live to 4 years, you've been doing something right! Most rats don't have such a long lifespan. The oldest I ever had was between 2.5 and 3 years old. But you can always message me with more specific questions!
Tinariva on January 04, 2020:
any and alll info. on rats is very much appreciated, my last boy just passed he was going on 4 yrs old so after 2days of filling up crossword grids with cuss words, my b.f bought me a baby Russian blue i just want to be more knowledgeable this tme thnx!
Jessica Peri (author) from United States on September 12, 2019:
_USER_ I've read that they are actually really great swimmers! I never tried to teach mine, though - they always freaked out at the introduction of water.
Brooke on September 05, 2019:
If you fill your tub with luke warm water, just about an inch, and plug the bottom of the tub, the rats will learn to swim! Just bring them in slow, and never put shampoo into the water, because they might swallow it!
Jessica Peri (author) from United States on November 23, 2018:
_USER_ That's great! Mine would destroy our sheets, run around all night, and probably sneak onto the floor.
Dave on November 16, 2018:
I still have a rat who just spent the night with me and snuggled into my sheets with me
Jessica Peri (author) from United States on December 21, 2017:
_USER_ Rats are so sweet, I'm not surprised to hear you've never been bitten! Thanks for reading.
Emma on December 16, 2017:
Rats are not as much trouble as people hype about. I have an Autistic grandson I'm raising and 5 other grandbabies in and out at different times,ages between 13 and 2 months. I've never been bit. Nor has my grandchildren.I supervise. And all is well.
Jessica Peri (author) from United States on June 07, 2013:
Thank you! I love my rats to pieces. Introducing them to friends and seeing their reactions is always fun.
moonlake from America on June 06, 2013:
Great information. I had a pet rat when I was a kid. Voted up.
Related Articles


text:
Consider the following:
He will be able to do it.
He can do it.
They mean the same thing, right?
Can "can" replace "will be able to" in any sentence? What is the difference, if anything? Why not just use the shorter version?
No, they're not the same thing.
Will be able to obviously talks about a future event, while can talks about the present.
Means I can swim already, I learned it before and I'm capable of doing it now.
Means I cannot swim right now, but I'm hoping to learn in the future.
Probably you meant to ask the difference between can and am able to. If so, there is a difference, yes. Let me explain:
This means that I am capable of swimming, but I am prohibited to do so, because of an infection. So to put it to an explanation:
To be able to talks about an ability to do something, but it does not mean you are allowed to do such.
Can talks about something you are allowed to do, or about your ability to do it. This is therefore ambiguous.
You cannot tell the differences now, but you will be able to tell them after receiving our answers.
One context where you would have to say "able to" is something like this:
In this context, "can" isn't usable. The only other alternative would be:
Stroke = butterfly, back stroke, breast stroke, and freestyle.
I think the question here is not between can and be able to but rather between can and will be able to. As per my knowledge, can says that he is capable of doing it, and it does not say whether he is going to or not, whereas will be able to says that he is going to do it (in the future). You may want to use will be able to if you want to express your willingness to do it.
This question is protected to prevent "thanks!", "me too!", or spam answers by new users. To answer it, you must have earned at least 10 reputation on this site.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
tonestro, as you probably know, is the world's first playful practicing app for wind musicians which gives you constructive feedback while playing and connects musicians worldwide. Simply put, it efficiently improves your skills without costing a thing.
How is this achieved?
This is done through the instant feedback feature. This is the process in which the user (you) downloads the right app (find yours here), plays the desired instrument (the recorder, to say), and gets immediate feedback on how they can improve.
In this blog post, We'll unveil the secret behind our signal processing and algorithm work while one is practicing. Let's take the recorder, for example.
Imagine you're rocking it. Each tone you are playing is inherently just a sound wave. We are able to extract information from the waves by using different methods, i.e. Fourier. Each information is prepared differently depending on the instrument. Thanks to our signal processing and algorithm, the app will analyze your performance, derive insights from it, and present them to you in a timely manner.
"And how does this work?" I presume you're asking yourselves right now.
Through intelligence algorithm, of course. The intelligent analysis algorithm is capable of digesting large chunks of data and breaking them down into insights.
The algorithm is comparing your pitch, rhythm, articulation and dynamic to what the system knows is correct for the given instrument and song.
The given feedback is:
- Delivered in a timely manner
It has the ability to turn underground wind instrument enthusiasts into perpetuated worldwide-renowned musicians.
This is our superpower! What's yours? If it is rocking your audience with wind instruments, you've come to the right place.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Water formation by reaction of H2 and O on silicate surfaces as a first step towards generation of interstellar ice mantles is possible thanks to the activation of H2 due to interacting with Fe2+ ions and accelerated by quantum tunnelling effects
Water is the most abundant molecule in the solid state of the interstellar medium, and its presence is critically important for life in space. Interstellar water is thought to be effectively synthesised by reactions occurring on the surfaces of interstellar grains, as gas-phase reactions are not efficient enough to justify its high abundance. In the present work, DFT simulations have been performed to investigate the formation of interstellar water through the O + H2 → H2O reaction on olivinic silicate surfaces that contain Fe2+ cations. The surfaces have been modeled adopting both periodic and cluster approaches. This study focuses on: (i) the stability of the surface models as a function of the electronic states (i.e., quintuplet, triplet and singlet) arising from the presence of the Fe2+ centers, (ii) the adsorption of H2 on the silicate surfaces and its likely activation due to the Fe2+/H2 interactions, and (iii) characterising the energy profiles of the H2O formation reaction complemented with kinetics that include tunneling effects. The results indicate that quintuplet is the most stable electronic state in all the bare surface models. H2 adsorption, however, does not show a clear trend on the relative stabilities of the H2/surface complexes with the electronic states, which is in general more favourable on singlet state surfaces. Finally, reactions simulated on the periodic surfaces show elementary high energy barriers but the reaction is kinetically feasible (considering the long lifetime of interstellar clouds) due to the dominance of tunnelling. In contrast, in the nanocluster models, tunneling effects cannot contribute due to the presence of endoenergetic elementary steps. It is predicted that the reactions on the nanoclusters are only possible if the energy released during the adsorption of the O atom is used to overcome the energy barriers.
This work has been published in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Link to the article: _URL_


8.2.12 Object types
Objects are stored in memory just as ordinary records with an extra field: a pointer to the Virtual Method Table (VMT). This field is stored first, and all fields in the object are stored in the order they are declared (with possible alignment of field addresses, unless the object was declared as being packed).
The VMT is initialized by the call to the object's Constructor method. If the new operator was used to call the constructor, the data fields of the object will be stored in heap memory, otherwise they will directly be stored in the data section of the final executable.
If an object doesn't have virtual methods, no pointer to a VMT is inserted.
The memory allocated looks as in table (8.4).
Table 8.4: Object memory layout (32-bit model)
OffsetWhat
+0 Pointer to VMT (optional).
+4 Data. All fields in the order they've been declared.
The Virtual Method Table (VMT) for each object type consists of 2 check fields (containing the size of the data), a pointer to the object's ancestor's VMT (Nil if there is no ancestor), and then the pointers to all virtual methods. The VMT layout is illustrated in table (8.5). The VMT is constructed by the compiler.
Table 8.5: Object Virtual Method Table memory layout (32-bit model)
OffsetWhat
+0 Size of object type data
+4 Minus the size of object type data. Enables determining of valid VMT pointers.
+8 Pointer to ancestor VMT, Nil if no ancestor available.
+12 Pointers to the virtual methods.


text:
Grinding lathe tool cutter bits involves setting the tool on a grinder and carefully shaping it using specific angles and techniques. To do this, you will need the appropriate grinding wheel for your lathe, as well as knowledge of the angles and shapes required for different types of cuts.
Lathe tool cutter bits are essential tools for creating precise cuts on a variety of materials. Grinding your own cutter bits provides greater control over the cutting edge's geometry, resulting in better accuracy and surface finish. However, it requires both knowledge and proper technique to achieve optimal results.
In this article, we will cover the steps for grinding lathe tool cutter bits, including the equipment needed, tips for selecting the right grinding wheel, and techniques for achieving specific angles and shapes. By the end of this article, you will have the knowledge necessary to confidently grind your own lathe tool cutter bits.
Introduction To Lathe Tool Cutter Bits
Definition And Function Of Lathe Tool Cutter Bits
Lathe tool cutter bits are an essential tool for metalworkers and amateurs alike. These are machining tools that are used to remove material from a workpiece by rotating it on an axis, creating a symmetrical object. They are a core component of any lathe machine, as they help in cutting and shaping the material with precision.
Here's what you need to keep in mind about the definition of lathe tool cutter bits:
- They are made up of high-speed steel or carbide, offering excellent resistance to heat, friction, and other stresses.
- Lathe tool cutter bits work by cutting the workpiece material through shear deformation, which means applying a lateral force on the metal piece until it deforms and breaks off in the desired shapes.
- Lathe tool cutter bits come in various sizes and angles to perform different cutting tasks.
The function of lathe tool cutter bits is to provide precision cuts to the workpiece material. These tips rotate at high speeds to remove excess material and shape the workpiece to a specific design. The operator adjusts the lathe tool cutter bit's position and rotation speed, based on the required cut and the material they are working with, to ensure the desired shape and quality of cut.
Types Of Lathe Tool Cutter Bits
Lathe tool cutter bits come in different types, each designed for specific applications and materials.
Let's dive into the details of different types of lathe tool cutter bits:
- Turning tool bit: This is the most common and versatile tool bit, designed for roughing, finishing, and shaping materials like wood, metal, and plastic. It has a flat base with either a left-hand or right-hand cutting edge.
- Parting tool bit: Parting tool bits are designed to separate a workpiece from the main stock by cutting it off. It has a shorter blade with a square or rounded edge, used for cuts perpendicular to the workpiece.
- Threading tool bit: Used to cut internal or external threads on the workpiece, threading tool bits have a sharp-angled tip that matches the pitch and size of the threads they create.
- Boring tool bit: Boring tool bits are designed to cut holes that are concentric with the lathe machine's axis. They come in various shapes and sizes, suitable for different materials and hole-diameter.
- Grooving tool bit: Designed to form grooves and slots with precision, grooving tool bits typically have a straight and narrow blade that allows for precision cutting in tight spaces.
Lathe tool cutter bits are versatile, precision tools used to shape and cut workpiece materials in a lathe machine. They come in different sizes and shapes for specific cutting tasks and applications. Understanding their functions and types can help you pick the best tool for your project, leading to efficient and high-quality results.
Understanding The Fundamentals Of Grinding Lathe Tool Cutter Bits
Grinding lathe tool cutter bits is an essential process that every machinist must learn. The process involves carefully sharpening blunt tool bits, effectively enhancing their efficiency and precision. To master this skill, machinists must first comprehend the fundamentals of grinding lathe tool cutter bits.
Importance Of Proper Grinding In Enhancing Efficiency And Precision
Proper grinding of lathe tool cutter bits is essential since it directly impacts the efficiency and precision of the machined parts. When the cutter is sharp, cutting efforts are reduced, and power consumption lowered. A blunt cutter, on the other hand, consumes more power and produces inaccurate results, ultimately decreasing the efficiency of the process.
Here are a few key points to note on the importance of proper tool grinding:
- Regular maintenance and proper grinding help maintain consistent accuracy, quality, and tool life.
- Dull tools not only increase processing time, but they also create unusually sized parts and cause wastage of the workpiece material.
- Keeping the tool sharp decreases the cutting forces applied to the workpiece, reducing the tool's wear and extending its tool life.
It is therefore of utmost importance to maintain and sharpen lathe tool cutter bits regularly, particularly before starting a new project. By doing this, you can guarantee high-quality and accurate output, while simultaneously reducing wastage of resources.
Evaluation Of The Geometry Of The Lathe Tool Cutter Bits
Before grinding your lathe tool cutter bits, it's essential to evaluate the geometry of the tool carefully.
- The relief angles: These angles ensure that the rake face is not in contact with the finished part but acts as a cutting edge instead.
- The nose radius: When the radius is small, the tool will cut more freely, while a large radius will give the tool more strength and longer tool life.
- The rake angle: This is the angle measured between the top face of the tool bit and the surface of the workpiece. Grinding the rake angle correctly is crucial for maintaining efficient cutting performance.
- The clearance angle: The clearance angle ensures that the tool doesn't contact the workpiece material unnecessarily.
By understanding these parameters and evaluating the tool's geometry, you can achieve a longer tool life, reduce waste, and improve your machining results.
To grind your lathe tool cutter bits effectively, it's crucial to understand their fundamentals, evaluate their geometry carefully, and sharpen them correctly. These practices will positively impact the efficiency and precision of your machining operation, resulting in high-quality and accurate output while reducing wastage.
Step-By-Step Guide On How To Grind Lathe Tool Cutter Bits
Grinding lathe tool cutter bits is an essential skill that every machinist or metalworker needs to master. A properly ground lathe tool cutter bit can help you achieve better precision, accuracy, and surface finish. We will go through a step-by-step guide on how to grind lathe tool cutter bits.
We will also discuss safety measures and other essential details. Let's dive in!
Preparation For Grinding The Lathe Tool Cutter Bits
Before grinding a lathe tool cutter bit, you need to prepare for the process.
- It would be best to have a clear and clean workspace to prevent accidents and to help you focus.
- Ensure that you have the appropriate lathe machine and grinding equipment necessary for the task at hand.
- Check the lathe tool cutter bit's integrity before and after grinding. If it is damaged or faulted, it needs to be replaced immediately.
- Make sure to wear protective gear such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory masks while grinding.
Selection Of The Appropriate Grinding Wheel
Choosing the appropriate grinding wheel is crucial to achieve optimum results in grinding a lathe tool cutter bit.
- The grinding wheel's grit depends on the material you are working with. A coarse grit size is suitable for grinding hard materials such as tungsten carbide, while a finer grit size is ideal for softer materials like aluminum.
- The hardness of the grinding wheel should match or exceed the material hardness you are working with.
- Before use, ensure that the grinding wheel is thoroughly inspected for any damage or faults that may cause accidents or harm while in operation.
Grinding Of The Side, Face, And Top Of The Lathe Tool Cutter Bit
Grinding a lathe tool cutter bit involves three major operations: grinding the tool's side, face, and top.
For grinding the side:
- Position the tool's side to the grinding wheel at an angle of 10-15 degrees.
- Move the tool back and forth across the grinding wheel until you achieve the desired angle and shape.
For grinding the face:
- Position the tool's face to the grinding wheel and move it back and forth across the grinding wheel until you achieve the desired shape and angle.
For grinding the top:
- Position the tool's top to the grinding wheel and move it back and forth across the grinding wheel until you achieve the desired shape and angle.
Honing The Lathe Tool Cutter Bits
Honing is the final step in the grinding process, and it is crucial in achieving a smooth and sharp edge.
- Use a honing stone to sharpen and smoothen the lathe tool cutter bit's edges.
- Move the honing stone in a circular motion until you achieve the desired results.
Inspection Of The Ground Lathe Tool Cutter Bits
After grinding and honing the lathe tool cutter bits, you need to inspect them for any visible damage or faults.
- Check the tool's edges for any chips or cracks that may affect its performance.
- Ensure that the tool's shape and angles are within the limits of the design specifications.
- If any damages are found, replace the tool immediately before using it.
Safety Measures During Grinding
Grinding lathe tool cutter bits can be dangerous if not done correctly.
- Wear protective gear such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory masks.
- Keep your workspace clean and organized to prevent accidents or harm.
- Inspect all the equipment before use to ensure that no damage or fault is present.
- Follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines when using all grinding equipment and tools.
Grinding lathe tool cutter bits


text:
Feb. 14 (UPI) -- Agricultural crops were traded between European and Asian populations 3,000 years earlier than thought, a scientific study published this week indicates.
A cave excavation by Chinese scientists in the eastern Altai Mountains -- which border China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and Russia -- yielded cereal grains radiocarbon-dated to be 5,200 years old.
The samples are the oldest recorded examples of wheat and barley farming ever recorded in that area of Asia, and move the dates for early farming in the region backward by at least 1,000 years.
The discovery also reinforces the theory that Asian and European cross-development of agriculture and technology long predates the Silk Road network of trade routes, which began around the 2nd century. The early exchanges played a crucial role in shaping cultural development across Europe and Asia, researchers say
The study, led by Dr. Xinying Chou, with the involvement of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Germany's Max Planck Institute for the Study of Human History, was published this week in the scholarly journal Nature Plants.
Researchers reveal how humans cultivated crops at relatively northern latitudes, and how they did so. The precursors of modern wheat and barley were normally grown at lower altitudes and in warmer climates, and the study indicates the crops' adaptability to harsher conditions.
Millet, made from cereal grains, later became an important crop in ancient Europe, and wheat became a staple crop in Asia during China's Han Dynasty, which began in the 2nd century B.C.
"This discovery is a testament to human ingenuity and the amazing co-evolutionary bond between people and the plants that they maintain in their cultivated fields," Zhou said in a press release.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: Nianshan Island has many fish and large, long-standing reputation, and is deeply favored by sea fishermen. It is said that people who can go fishing by sea to fish are very rewarding. However, due to the distance from the port city, it takes three to four hours to go to the boat. If it is specially for fishing, it is rarely visited. Although there are many cliffs on the island, the connection between the fishing spots along the coast is very convenient, because there are cement roads on the mountain and there are war preparations under the mountain. The island has a coastline of nearly 1,000 meters long and can be fished everywhere except cliffs. There are also three sub-islands on the southwest side of the island that can also be used for fishing. In particular, Niubei Island is also a small and famous island. The biggest feature of Nianshan Island is the depth of the water, and there are many cliffs. On the island, not only can the carp be caught, but also Can catch other fish species. On the shores of the island, fish such as squid, squid and black scorpion can often be seen on the sea, and sometimes the rare fish species such as squid and yellow sharp fish can be seen. The most beautiful thing is the spectacular scene of the whales hiding in the sea.


DroneDeploy
Processing Report Glossary
A guide to navigating the processing report.
We've introduced a report to give you better insights into how your map has processed through DroneDeploy. The report highlights key information, points out flight discrepancies, and brings forth factors that may need to be adjusted or addressed in order to make the best possible map.
Access the processing report by visiting the Map Details section of your map.
🚧
*Important Note Regarding Availability
The Processing Report was implemented in October 2019. Maps processed prior to this date will not have a Processing Report. Please reach out to Support by contacting [email protected] to reprocess and populate a new report.
Map Details Summary
Row
Definition
Project Name
Name given to the project at the time of processing.
Photogrammetry Engine
Engine used to process the map. DroneDeploy uses our own proprietary algorithm so this should be the default engine.
Date of Capture
Date flown. The date will be derived from the reported drone EXIF data at the time of flight.
Date Processed
Date the images were processed (or reprocessed) in DroneDeploy
Processing Mode
There are two possible modes for processing: Terrain and Structures. Terrain mode is primarily for nadir imagery, while Structures will be for oblique imagery and subject matter with 3D capture.
GSD Orthomosaic
Ground Sample Distance
Area Bounds (Coverage)
Area of the processed map and percent coverage of selected region of interest.
Image Sensors
Camera used for the flight.
Quality and Accuracy Summary
The quality and accuracy summary will provide insight into possible problem areas in the processing of the map. Expected values will be marked in green, and possible problem areas will be marked in orange.
In the above report, we would want to adjust the processing mode to Structures .
Image Quality
Represents the image quality for stitching. A high texture image will have crisp, detailed features that are easily recognisable. A low texture image would be blurry, over exposed, or smooth. Thermal images are often low texture.
Median Shutter Speed
Shutter speed for the camera. <1/80 is likely to produce motion blur and could result in incorrect scale or measurements.
Processing Mode
A more detailed explanation of the mode chosen and whether or not it's appropriate for the dataset uploaded.
Images Upload (Aligned %)
This is the number of images that provided the correct data needed to be used in processing. Unaligned images could be lacking EXIF data, or not provide the proper overlap for the subject in the image.
Camera Optimization
Principle Point: The initial values provided to us from the EXIF data may be adjusted in photogrammetry if they deviate from the expected values. A high variation from principle point can be raised to [email protected]
Focal Length: The focal length is estimated during the photogrammetry process. If it varies more than 5% for the reference value, that could indicate a problem with the lens or camera. The use of zoom during mapping, or inclusion of zoomed images from the same camera can cause the focal length to be calculated incorrectly.
Dataset Quality Review
This provides some of the most key information into the processing potential of your map. In this section, you will see black dots representing each of the images collected for the site.
Photogrammetry works by matching keypoints across multiple photos in order to understand the relative position of all the cameras. Because of this, providing the drone camera several high quality images of every point on every surface is key to producing a good map and 3D model. This is created via "overlap" or, how much image overlaps in content with the neighboring images.
This can also be referred to as image density. For the best possible DroneDeploy processing, we recommend and image density 8-9 images per pixel. (This roughly equates to 75/70 overlap.)
Flying over buildings and trees can cause major issues for your overlap on the tops of those objects. Learn more using the following articles:
Mapping tall buildings or trees
Terrain Awareness
In this map, I would recommend increasing the overlap of the flight, or using our enhanced 3D mode to achieve better overlap on the rooftop of the building. This map can also be cropped to remove any poor stitching from the edges, which we would expect in the red and yellow areas.
ROI: Region of Interest
Aligned: Images that were successfully geolocated and aligned.
A great map is be expected to be primarily blue. Red areas will indicate places that need a) higher altitude and/or b) more overlap. Note: For best results, we recommend flying with the DroneDeploy flight app.
Structure from Motion
Aligned Cameras: For each image taken, DroneDeploy uses image content to place the camera in 3D space. Additionally the metadata of the images is used to geolocation image and thus the final map. 100% alignment means all of the uploaded images were used in the reconstruction of the map. Unaligned cameras (red X's on the Quality Review set) will indicate camera locations that were not able to be located in 3D and therefore not used in the reconstruction.
Unaligned images often do not provide the visual data needed to successfully stitch (i.e. water, homogenous data, moving trees, insufficient overlap to match other images).
RMSE or Root Mean Squared Error: The camera location XYZ root mean squared error (RMSE) is a measure of the spread of the error of the solved camera XYZ versus the location specified by the GPS value recorded in the images. Therefore, as an example, a 10ft (3m) Camera Location XYZ RMSE means that in general the solved XYZ image location should be within 10ft of the supplied GPS location.
*Please note that camera location error does not correspond to the true accuracy of a map. For example, poor GPS conditions can cause large camera location errors but if images are properly collected the processed map will still be highly accurate when you measure distances and volumes in a small part of the map. To truly measure map accuracy you must include checkpoints or an object with known dimensions which can be measured in the processed map to check for differences.
GCPs and Checkpoints
If you have included GCPs on your map, they will also be outlined in the processing report.
The controlled area is shaded, and if you are using checkpoints, we highlight the measured error and predict how it may manifest across the map.
Map Alignment
Dronedeploy maps that do not use GCPs but are captured of the same location are automatically aligned with previous days. This section (if it appears) will describe the before and after, along with the required transformation.
Find out more here:
Automatic Map Alignment
📘
Reach out!
For more information reach out to us at [email protected]
Updated 6 months ago
Processing Report Glossary
A guide to navigating the processing report.
Suggested Edits are limited on API Reference Pages
You can only suggest edits to Markdown body content, but not to the API spec.


text:
Soconusco is a region of the Mexican state of Chiapas. It is in the most southern part of the state. It borders the Republic of Guatemala on the southeast, the regions Costa, Sierra and Fraylesca of Chiapas on the east and north, and the shore of the Pacific Ocean on the southwest. It is a region of rich lowlands and foothills. The economic center of Soconusco is Tapachula.
The name comes from the Nahuatl word xoconostle, meaning the fruit of the prickly pear cactus. It was, under the Mexican culture, the farthest region of trade. The area provided jaguar pelts, cacao, and quetzal feathers for the ruling classes in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.


text:
New Capabilities are introduced in the AppFramework as a part of AppStudio 2.0. These capabilities are not provided natively by Qt. Following capabilities are currently in beta
These capabilities are currently in Beta. What does that mean?
What it means is that we are looking forward to your feedback, the use cases, what you like and what you want us to improve upon. It also means that if you choose to implement these plugins in Production App. Future changes may affect your app may require additional changes to support these functionalities in your app.
1. Local Notification - This is a new plugin added to the AppFramework. It provides developers the ability to implement in-app notification to end users such as an alert, message or geotification. When the Local Notification gets triggered on the client device the Notification icon appears in the Notification bar which is same as the application icon. The Notification icon cannot be customized or modified. Users may choose to have one or multiple notifications within the app. Every notification scheduled has a corresponding id available to distinguish between multiple Local Notifications.
Note:- An app running within Player or AppStudio Desktop (AppRun) will show the notification icon of Player or AppRun respectively when triggered.
How to implement Local Notification in an AppStudio App?
- Use the following import statement
import ArcGIS.AppFramework.Notifications.Local 1.0
- Enable the "Local Notification" capability within the AppSettings of the App
- Use the component "LocalNotification" which takes three input parameters to schedule a notification
- Title – The title of the message
- Message – The description of the message
- Time (in seconds)- Time after which the notification will be triggered on the end user device.
- bool supported (read only)- Returns a boolean if the device supports local notification.
Note: This property is supported on Android API 19+ versions.
- object schedule(string title, string message, int timeInSeconds) - returns a Variant object which is id of the scheduled notification
- Title - The title of the message as string value
- Message -The description of the message as string value
- Time (in seconds) -Time after which the notification will appear on the end user device as int
For e.g. 5 seconds means the notification will be triggered in 5 second
var id = notification.schedule(title, message, duration)
- bool clear(object id) -This method will clear the pending notification from the list of scheduled notifications
- object id - The id of the notification to be clear.
- Returns bool - Indicates whether the notification is cleared from the list of scheduled notifications.
bool success = notification.clear(id)
Note: It will return false for invalid inputs and for notifications which have already triggered.
- void clearAll() - This method clears all the pending (yet to be triggered) and active (already triggered) notifications along with badge numbers for iOS apps.
- triggered(object id) - This signal is emitted when the local notification is triggered.
- object id-It takes an id of the scheduled notification.
2. Vibration (Singleton) - New plugin added in AppFramework with AppStudio 2.0 version. This allows developers to enable vibration within an app. It is a non visual feedback or alert. Common use cases to provide vibration are to indicate an event such a message received or finished creating a model making a network request or just an alert etc.
Note: Currently, there is no way to provide number of seconds as an input for it to vibrate. On android device, it will vibrate for 1 second and on iOS it will use the system default.
How to implement Vibration in the AppStudio App?
- Use the following import statement
import ArcGIS.AppFramework.Notifications 1.0
- Enable the Vibration capability within the AppSettings of the App
- Call the Vibration.vibrate()
- bool supported - Returns a boolean value indicating whether your device supports vibration or not.
- void vibrate() - Method call to initiate a vibration on the client device from the app. The device will continue to vibrate for system default vibration settings (in seconds) or until the app is closed.
3. Background Location - New capability has been introduced to AppStudio 2.0 which allows the apps to use location data in background mode. Some of the common use cases using this capability are logging location data using position source, or trigger a notification, geo-fencing etc. This capability is currently available for mobile platforms only as this is already supported on desktop.
How to implement Background Location in the AppStudio App?
- Enable the Background Location capability in AppSettings of the App
You can monitor the state of the application using the following property
4. Promises - Often while creating your apps, you may want to make something happen after something else is done. You may want to want to make an asynchronous request and perform something on completion of the request. Or you may simply want to execute set of operations in a particular sequence. Promises can be used to manage such asynchronous computation, allowing for separate processes to continue in parallel.
Promises are a pattern that helps with one particular kind of asynchronous programming: a function (or method) that returns a single result asynchronously. One popular way of receiving such a result is via a callback. Promises provide a simpler alternative for executing, composing, and managing asynchronous operations when compared to traditional callback-based approaches. The Promise object represents the eventual completion (or failure) of an asynchronous operation, and its resulting value.
A promise can be in one of 3 states:
- Pending - the promise's outcome hasn't yet been determined, because the asynchronous operation that will produce its result hasn't completed yet.
- Fulfilled - the asynchronous operation has completed, and the promise has a value.
- Rejected - the asynchronous operation failed, and the promise will never be fulfilled. In the rejected state, a promise has a reason that indicates why the operation failed.
When a promise is pending, it can transition to the fulfilled or rejected state. Once a promise is fulfilled or rejected, however, it will never transition to any other state, and its value or failure reason will not change.


derive the instance(s) hostname. The hostname that results from the convention should be same as the output of the command hostname on the host itself. Agent-based solutions like AppDynamics, Splunk, New Relic, etc, use the hostname to uniquely identify the instance.
In most cases, you can leave the default expression in this field.
For information on obtaining the AWS instance hostname, see Instance Metadata and User Data from AWS.
User Auto Scaling Group / Use AWS Instance Filter
User Auto Scaling Group: If you are using an Auto Scaling Group, you can select it from the list.
Use AWS Instance Filter: Specify the VPC, Tags, Subnet, and Security Group where your instance(s) will be deployed.
Using Tags is the easiest way to reference an instance.
Use Public DNS for connection
If locating the VPC requires public DNS name resolution, enable this option.
When you are finished, the Service Infrastructure dialog will look something like this:
Click SUBMIT. The new service infrastructure is listed.
Azure Service Infrastructure
You can locate most of the Azure information on the VM overview page:
This following table describes the fields for an Azure service infrastructure.
Field
What to Enter
Service
Select the service you created for your IIS Website.
Deployment Type
Select Windows Remote Management (WinRM).
Cloud Provider
Select the Cloud Provider you added.
Subscription ID
Select the Azure subscription to use.
When you set up the Azure cloud provider in Harness, you entered the Client/Application ID for the Azure App registration. To access resources in your Azure subscription, you must assign the Azure app using this Client ID to a role in that subscription. Now, when you are setting up an Azure service infrastructure in a Harness environment, you select the subscription. If the Azure App registration using this Client ID is not assigned a role in a subscription, no subscriptions will be available.
For more information, see Assign the application to a role from Microsoft.
Resource Group
Select the resource group where your VM is located.
WinRM Connection Attributes
Select the name of the WinRM Connection you created. This is the value you entered in Name when you created the WinRM Connection in Secrets Management.
Tags
Click Add to use a tag to quickly select the VM you want to use.
Use Public DNS for connection
If locating the VM(s) requires public DNS name resolution, enable this option. Since the Harness delegate can only run on Linux, it must either be run on a Linux VM in the same subnet as your deployment target VMs or on a Linux server with network access to your Azure VMs. In the latter case, you can use public DNS to resolve the hostname of the target VMs.
When you are finished, the Service Infrastructure dialog will look something like this:
Click SUBMIT. The new service infrastructure is listed.
Add IIS Workflows
Next, add a workflow to deploy your website. Will we review the workflow steps generated by Harness automatically.
You can create workflows for your IIS application and IIS virtual directory services using the same steps as below.
Workflows are the deployment steps for services and environments, including types such as Canary and Blue/Green. Workflows also include verification, rollback, and notification steps.
 1. In your application, click Workflows.
 2. Click Add Workflow. The Workflow dialog appears.
 The dialog has the following fields.
 Field
 Description
 Name
 Give your workflow a name and description that tells users its purpose.
 Workflow Type
 In this guide, we will do a simple Basic workflow. For a summary of workflow types, see Add a Workflow.
 Environment
 Select the environment you added.
 Service
 Select your IIS Website service.
 Service Infrastructure
 Select the service infrastructure you added.
 When you are finished, click SUBMIT. The workflow is generated:
 3. Under Prepare Infra, click Select Nodes. The Node Select dialog appears.
 If you deploy in multiple phases, you can control what hosts to use for each phase. If you are simply doing one phase, you do not need to select hosts.
 The Node Select dialog has the following fields.
 Field
 Description
 Select Specific hosts?
 Select Yes to enter the hostname(s) of the nodes where you want the website deployed.
 Select No to have Harness select the host(s) in the service infrastructure based on how set up the service infrastructure in Environment.
 Instances
 Enter the number of instances you want deployed.
 Instance Unit Type
 Identify if the number in Instances is a count or percentage. For example, if you select 10 in Instances, you can select Count and the artifact is deployed to 10 instances. Or you can enter 100 in Instances and select Percent and the artifact is deployed to 100% of the instances in the service infrastructure.
 When you finished, click SUBMIT.
 4. Under Deploy Service, click Install. The Install dialog appears.
 You can set how long the installation may take before it's timed out. The default is 60000ms or 10 minutes. When you are finished, click SUBMIT.
Now that your workflow is complete, you are ready to deploy.
Deploy IIS Website
Now you can deploy your workflow, observe the deployment steps in real-time, and confirm in your VPC.
 1. In your workflow, click Deploy.
 The Start New Deployment dialog appears.
 Here you simply select the artifact build and version to be deployed.
 2. In Artifacts, click the dropdown menu and select the artifact build and version to deploy. The list is generated automatically by Harness from the artifact source you specified when you set up your service.
 You can also elect to skip any instances that already have the artifact build and version.
 3. Click SUBMIT to deploy. Harness shows the deployment in real-time:
Each workflow step is displayed. Click through each deployment step to see the logs and details.
Confirm Deployment in your Windows Instance
Now that the deployment was successful, confirm the website was added to the Windows instance(s):
 1. In your workflow Deployment page, click the Install step.
 2. Expand the Create Website section.
 3. In the log, note the location where the website was created:
 INFO 2018-08-27 15:34:43 IIS-website 2 Started C:\Artifacts\IIS-website\relea http :8080:*
 4. Connect to your Windows instance via Microsoft Remote Desktop or other console.
 5. On the Windows instance, navigate to the location Harness reported to confirm the website was created:
Deploy IIS Pipeline
Once you have workflows for your IIS website, application, and virtual directory set up, you can create a Harness pipeline that deploys them in the correct order. For IIS, you must deploy them in the order website, application, and then virtual directory.
In you Harness application, click Pipelines. Follow the steps in Add a Pipeline to add a stage for each of your workflows.
When you are done, the pipeline will look like this:
Click Deploy. The Start New Deployment dialog opens. Select each workflow artifact. When you are done, the dialog will look like this:
Click SUBMIT. Here's what the pipeline looks in the deployment dashboard. You can see each Stage was successful:
Next Steps
Now that you have a working deployment, you can use the Harness Continuous Verification machine learning to verify and improve your deployments. For more information, see Continuous Verification.
Enhance your ISS deployment workflow(s) with the multiple options available, including Failure Strategy, Rollback Steps, Barriers, and templating. For more information, see Add a Workflow.
Best Practices
Testing Scripts
When modifying the default scripts, it is better to test test your scripts on a Windows instance using PowerShell_ise than deploying your workflow multiple times.
Using Tags for Instances
When configuring the Service Infrastructure in Environment, instance Tags make identifying your instances easier. Assign the same tag to all instances and simply use that tag.
Installing IIS from the Command Line
Before deploying the IIS website, application, or virtual directory to your Windows instances, there must be at least an existing IIS Web Server Role on the instance.
The following script will prepare your Windows instance with the necessary IIS set up:
Start /w pkgmgr /iu:IIS-WebServerRole;IIS-WebServer;IIS-CommonHttpFeatures;IIS-StaticContent;IIS-DefaultDocument;IIS-DirectoryBrowsing;IIS-HttpErrors;IIS-ApplicationDevelopment;IIS-ASPNET;IIS-NetFxExtensibility;IIS-ISAPIExtensions;IIS-ISAPIFilter;IIS-HealthAndDiagnostics;IIS-HttpLogging;IIS-LoggingLibraries;IIS-RequestMonitor;IIS-Security;IIS-RequestFiltering;IIS-HttpCompressionStatic;IIS-WebServerManagementTools;IIS-ManagementConsole;WAS-WindowsActivationService;WAS-ProcessModel;WAS-NetFxEnvironment;WAS-ConfigurationAPI
You will see IIS installed in the Server Manager.
In the IIS listing, in ROLES and FEATURES, you can see the Web Server Role:
For more information, see Installing IIS 7.0 from the Command Line from Microsoft.
Troubleshooting
The following problems can occur when deploying your IIS website, application, or virtual directory.
Error: No delegates could reach the resource
You receive this error when deploying your workflow.
Solutions
 - Ensure your artifact can


Implantable BioFuel Cells
With the progress of biomedical devices, physicians and healthcare specialists have been trying to use more and more implantable devices to treat certain conditions of their patients ranging from birth defects to organ failures. To this regard, battery‐powered implantable devices have been in use for fifty years, following implantation of the first successful cardiac pacemaker in 1960. The development of lithium batteries in the late 1960s led to better, smaller devices that showed multiyear longevity and high reliability. Still, the lithium batteries present many drawbacks in terms of safety, reliability, longevity. This why there are numerous efforts to develop alternative power‐supply systems, safer, more reliable, and capable of operating independently over prolonged periods of time without the need of external recharging or refueling.
Several tracks have been explored in order to power implanted devices with energy scavenged from human body. They are called Biofuel Cells.
The aim of the IBFC project is to optimize the power output of Implantable BioFuel Cells (IBFC).
Potential Applications of IBFC
Better IBFC could open new applications ranging from neuro-stimulators and drugs pumps, to insuline pumps and bone growth stimulators.


text:
2019-2020 National Scholarships Ambassador
Voice of Democracy / Patriot's Pen: "What Makes America Great"
School is now in session for the 2019-2020 year. It's time for you and your Post counterpart to visit schools and homeschool groups, and follow up with students, parents, and teachers to answer any questions they may have regarding the Patriot's Pen and Voice of Democracy contests. You should also have sent requests to potential judges or know whom you plan to ask before October begins. Last, but not least, plan a recognition ceremony to acknowledge the participation of the students in these contests. Listed below are some ideas to accomplish this:
Follow up questions:
- Visit schools, homeschool student groups, church groups and youth groups.
- Update contact information on websites and share contest information on social media.
- Visit the businesses where you left flyers to determine the amount of interest.
- Libraries, fast food restaurants, malls, grocery stores, convenience stores, gas stations, and hair salons; wherever you posted the information.
- Reach out to the neighborhood associations and senior citizen groups. They may have questions from their children or grandchildren.
- Post a reminder of the important deadline of October 31, 2019, for entries to your Post.
- Monitor your own Post and Auxiliary website(s) and/or Facebook page(s) for questions.
Many questions may arise as you reach out to your community. Be sure to have the answers ready. If a question comes up you cannot answer, assure them that you will obtain the information and contact them with the answer.
When choosing judges remember:
- To include the contest requirements, deadlines and contact information at the time of the judging.
- Use an odd number of judges to avoid a tie.
- Secure a date and location for the judging.
- Avoid using Post or Auxiliary members. Reach out to your community for impartial judges.
- Begin planning how you will recognize the students who made your program successful.
- If possible, invite all participating students. Announce the winners at your event.
- Consider hosting a luncheon or dinner in their honor.
- Ask for permission to participate in a school awards forum.
- Determine the awards you are offering. The National Organization does not provide guidelines on the amount or kind of award your Post offers; it's up to your Post.
- Invite all who helped promote the contests. Include teachers, community leaders, businesses, clergy, and youth group leaders.
Everyone enjoys recognition for a job well done. In addition to honoring the winners, be sure to recognize all students who participated. If they did not place this year, they can enter until they are no longer eligible. Patriot's Pen students finishing eighth grade can advance to the Voice of Democracy Contest in ninth grade.
Share your ideas! Please let me know how you plan to celebrate your students. One Post and Auxiliary presents their awards at a regularly scheduled student assembly. At that time, the students read their essays to those present. This Post chooses to recognize the winning students from that school in this manner for the maximum exposure to other students. This helps promote future contests to the students who are eligible to enter. It has proven to be successful in promoting participation over the years.
Continue to work with your communities and students while "Serving Our Veterans with Aloha!"


text:
First, install py2exe.
Let's build an executable for a sample Python project. We have an addnumbers.py:
that references another module to help add two numbers.
Let's create a Python file (based on this example) to help build the executable:
from distutils.core import setup import py2exe from calc import add setup(console=['addnumbers.py'])
Note that we needed to import the add module from our calc package.
I usually create a batch file (build_exe.bat) to run the Python script:
python build_exe.py py2exe pause
In PyCharm I now see the files:
Open the directory containing the files and run (double-click) the batch file:
There are warnings, but the warnings above can be ignored in our case.
Now you should see a dist directory:
Inside the dist directory is an executable:
Running the executable from the command prompt:
We get our result!
If you'd like, you can download the project here.
Super helpful, thank you!
Leave a comment


text:
Stephen A. Forbes Biological Station
Frank C. Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center
The Stephen A. Forbes Biological Station, established in 1894, is located along the Illinois River on Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge near Havana, Illinois. It is the oldest inland field station in North America and one of nine field stations of the Illinois Natural History Survey. The Frank C. Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center is housed at the Forbes Biological Station.
Staff of the Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center conduct research on a variety of topics relevant to wetland ecosystems, with a specific focus on the ecology and management of wetlands, waterfowl, and other waterbirds. Our research efforts focus on the Illinois and Mississippi rivers and the wetlands throughout the State.
Forbes Biological Station


text:
Definitions for virgaˈvɜr gə
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
streaks of water drops or ice particles falling out of a cloud and evaporating before reaching the ground.
* (used with a sing. or pl. v.).
Origin of virga:
1935–40; < L: rod, streak
light wispy precipitation that evaporates before it reaches the ground (especially when the lower air is low in humidity)
A type of note used in plainsong notation, having a tail.
A streak of rain or snow that is dissipated in falling and does not reach the ground, commonly appearing descending from a cloud layer.
Origin: From virga.


following code segment into line DL24:
myTermSet.CreateTerm(".bmp", 1033, Guid.NewGuid());
Answer: AC
QUESTION 71
Drag and Drop Question
You need to implement the site collection for managed navigation. Which three actions should you perform in sequence? (To answer, move the appropriate actions from the list of actions to the answer area and arrange them in the correct order.)
711_thumb[1]
Answer:
712_thumb[3]
QUESTION 72
You need to configure a new site collection in Central Administration. You will use the site collection to manage navigation terms. What should you do?
A. Create a site collection by using the Publishing Portal template.
B. Create a site collection by using the Enterprise Search Center template.
C. Create a site collection by using the Records Center template.
D. Set the website address to _URL_
Answer: A
QUESTION 73
You need to implement the remote event receiver for the Admin Custom List app. What should you do?
A. Insert the following code segment at line RR05:
ListRemoteEventReceiver (properties);
B. Insert the following code segment at line RR05:
ProcessOneWayEvent(properties);
C. Insert the following code segment at line RR11:
ProcessEvent(properties);
D. Insert the following code segment at line RR11:
ListRemoteEventReceiver(properties);
Answer: D
QUESTION 74
You need to configure permissions for the publishing portal in the Term Store Manager. What should you do?
A. Add the URL _URL_ to the site collection access list.
B. Add the URL _URL_ to the Contributors list.
C. Add the URL _URL_ to the site collection access list.
D. Add the URL _URL_ to the site collection access list.
Answer: B
QUESTION 75
You need to print out the terms and term sets for the Document Library app named Project Documents. What should you do? (Each correct answer presents part of the solution. Choose all that apply.)
A. Insert the following code segment at line DL59:
Console.WriteLine("TermSet : = + termSet.Name + " Term : " + term.Name);
B. Insert the following code segment at line DL70:
Console.WriteLine("TermSet : " + termSet.Name);
C. Insert the following code segment at line DL35:
TaxonomySession taxonomy = TaxonomySession.GetTaxonomySession(clientContext);
D. Insert the following code segment at line DL56:
Console.WriteLine("TermSet : " + terraSet.Name);
E. Insert the following code segment at line DL35:
TaxonomyItem taxonomy = TaxonomySession.GetTaxonomySession(clientContext);
Answer: AC
PassLeader 70-489 Exam Questions[7]
_URL_


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7 Logging Last Resource Transaction Optimization
This chapter describes how WebLogic Server supports Logging Last Resource (LLR) transaction optimization through JDBC data sources. LLR is a performance enhancement option that enables one non-XA resource to participate in a global transaction with the same ACID guarantee as XA.
LLR is a refinement of the "Last Agent Optimization." It differs from Last Agent Optimization in that it is transactionally safe. The LLR resource uses a local transaction for its transaction work. The WebLogic Server transaction manager prepares all other resources in the transaction and then determines the commit decision for the global transaction based on the outcome of the LLR resource's local transaction.
In a global two-phase commit (2PC) transaction with an LLR participant, the WebLogic Server transaction manager follows these basic steps:
The following sections provide more information about LLR transaction processing in WebLogic Server:
For more information about the advantages of LLR, see "Understanding the Logging Last Resource Transaction Option" in Configuring and Managing JDBC Data Sources for Oracle WebLogic Server.
About the LLR Optimization Transaction Optimization
In many cases a global transaction becomes a two-phase commit (2PC) transaction because it involves a database operation (using JDBC) and another non-database operation, such as a message queueing operation (using JMS). In cases such as this where there is one database participant in a 2PC transaction, the Logging Last Resource (LLR) Optimization transaction option can significantly improve transaction performance by eliminating some XA overhead for database processing and by avoiding the use of JDBC XA drivers, which typically are less efficient than non-XA drivers. The LLR transaction option does not incur the same data risks as borne by the Emulate Two-Phase Commit JDBC data source option and the NonXAResource resource adapter (Connector) option.
Logging Last Resource Processing Details
At server boot or data source deployment, LLR data sources load or create a table on the database from which the data source pools database connections. The table is created in the schema determined by the user specified to create database connections. If the database table cannot be created or loaded, then server boot fails.
Within a global transaction, the first connection obtained from an LLR data source reserves an internal JDBC connection that is dedicated to the transaction. The internal JDBC connection is reserved on the specific server that is also the transactions' coordinator. All subsequent transaction operations on any connections obtained from a same-named data source on any server are routed to this same single internal JDBC connection.
When an LLR transaction is committed, the WebLogic Server transaction manager handles the processing transparently. From an application perspective, the transaction semantics remain the same, but from an internal perspective, the transaction is handled differently than standard XA transactions. When the application commits the global transaction, the WebLogic Server transaction manager atomically commits the local transaction on the LLR connection before committing transaction work on any other transaction participants. For a two-phase commit transaction, the transaction manager also writes a 2PC record on the database as part of the same local transaction. After the local transaction completes successfully, the transaction manager calls commit on all other global transaction participants. After all other transaction participants complete the commit phase, the related LLR 2PC transaction record is freed for deletion. The transaction manager lazily deletes the transaction record after a short interval or with another local transaction.
If the application rolls back the global transaction or the transaction times out, the transaction manager rolls back the work in the local transaction and does not store a 2PC record in the database.
To enable the LLR transaction optimization, you create a JDBC data source with the Logging Last Resource transaction protocol, then use database connections from the data source in your applications. WebLogic Server automatically creates the required table on the database.
See "Create LLR-enabled JDBC data sources" in the Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help. Also see "Understanding the Logging Last Resource Transaction Option" in Configuring and Managing JDBC Data Sources for Oracle WebLogic Server.
For a list of data source configuration and usage requirements and limitations, see the following topics in Configuring and Managing JDBC Data Sources for Oracle WebLogic Server:
LLR Database Table Details
Each WebLogic server instance maintains a database "LLR" table on the database to which a JDBC LLR data source pools database connections. These tables are used for storing transaction log records, and are automatically created. If multiple LLR data sources are deployed on the same WebLogic server instance and connect to the same database instance and database schema, they also share the same LLR table.
LLR table names are automatically generated unless administrators choose to configure them. The default table name is WL_LLR_SERVERNAME. For some DBMS systems, the maximum length for a table name is 18 characters. You should consider maximum table name length when configuring your environment.
Note the following restrictions regarding LLR database tables:
To change the table name used to store transaction log records for the resource, follow these steps:
 1. In the Change Center in the upper-left corner of the Administration Console window, click Lock & Edit to start a configuration editing session.
 2. On the Servers: Configuration: General page, click to Advanced to show the advanced configuration options. See
 3. In JDBC LLR Table Name, enter the name of the table to use to store transaction records for the resource, then click Save. See "Servers: Configuration: General" in Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console Help.
 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each server on which the LLR-enabled data source is deployed.
 5. Click Activate Changes in the Change Center.
 You must restart all servers for the change to take effect.
LLR Table Transaction Log Records
For each committed 2PC LLR transaction, the transaction manager automatically inserts a transaction record into an LLR database table. Once LLR transactions complete, the transaction manager lazily deletes their transaction records. If an LLR table transaction log record delete fails, the server logs a warning message and retry the delete again later.
If you move a database that contains LLR transaction records, ensure that you move the LLR table contents to the new database so that transactions can be completed properly.
Do not manually delete the LLR transaction records or the LLR table in a production system. Doing so can lead to silent heuristic transaction failures which are not logged.
Failure and Recovery Processing for LLR
In general, the WebLogic transaction manager processes transaction failures in the following way:
Coordinating Server Crash
If a transaction's coordinating server crashes before an LLR resource stores its transaction log record or before an LLR resource commits, the transaction rolls back. If the server crashes after the LLR resource is committed, the transactions eventually fully commit. During server boot, the transaction coordinator uses the LLR resource to read the transaction log record from the database and then use the recovered information to commit any unfinished work on any participating non-LLR XA resources.
JDBC Connection Failure
If the JDBC connection in an LLR resource fails during a 2PC transaction record insert, the transaction manager rolls back the transaction.
If the JDBC connection in an LLR resource fails during the commit of the local transaction, the result depends on whether the transaction is a one-phase commit (1PC, where the LLR resource is the only participant) or 2PC:
 - For a 1PC transaction, the transaction are fully committed, fully rolled back, or block waiting for the resolution of the local transaction. The outcome of the transaction is fully ACID because it is eventually fully committed or fully rolled back.
 - For a 2PC transaction, the outcome is as described in Failure and Recovery Processing for LLR.
LLR Transaction Recover During Server Startup
During server startup, the transaction manager for each WebLogic server must recover incomplete transactions coordinated by the server, including LLR transactions. To do so, each server attempts to read the transaction records from the LLR database tables for each LLR data source. If the server cannot access the LLR database tables or if the recovery fails, the server instance does not start and the transaction manager marks the server with a bad health state: HealthState.HEALTH_FAILED.
If a timeout occurs during recovery, it may be due to unresolved local transactions that have locked rows within the LLR log tables. Such local transactions must be resolved so that the transaction manager can determine the state of the global transaction whose record is stored in the locked row. Local database transactions can only be diagnosed and resolved using each database's specific tools (the commands differ from database to database).
Failover Considerations for LLR
Consider the following notes and limitations regarding failover with LLR:
 - A transaction log (TLog) is still required for LLR transactions:
 - TLog still stores transaction manager "checkpoint" records
 - TLog must still be reachable or copied on failover
 - LLR supports server migration and transaction recovery service migration. To use the transaction recovery service migration, ensure that each LLR resource be targeted to either the cluster or the set of candidate servers in the cluster. See Recovering Transactions For a Failed Clustered Server.
Optimizing Performance with LLR
This section includes the following information:
Optimizing Transaction Coordinator Location
Within a global transaction with an LLR participant, WebLogic Server automatically routes


text:
Empowering men to become successful people of significance, integrity, and character
Eliakim Thorpe; Author, Speaker, Thought-Leader, Entrepreneur, Business Consultant, and Life Architect again joins Enterprise Radio. He is promoting the message of empowering men to become successful people of significance, integrity, and character.
- What prompted you to write the book "Transforming a Life of Struggle into One of F.O.R.T.U.N.E."?
- Why did you write this book specifically geared towards men?
- Throughout the message of book, you transparently talk about your struggles and how you were able to discover 7 characteristics (F.O.R.T.U.N.E.) that helped shape who you are today. What are these 7 characteristics you discovered that you live by? & Why do you believe these are important attributes to have?
- In the book, you highlight the importance of men being great and significant versus just pursuing success. Why do you believe men should strive to be great and significant?
- What is your hope or vision for people who read this book?
Do you want to know specific formulas to turn struggle into success? Are you an individual who has been successful but feels there is something greater you must accomplish? In my new book, Transforming a Life of Struggle into One of F.O.R.T.U.N.E., I reveal my insights into becoming a man of significance.
A recent press release states: "Eliakim Thorpe's message empowers and enlightens men from all walks of life, especially at-risk youth who are struggling to find their purpose, develop character, and enhance their lives spiritually. Mr. Thorpe is an author, speaker, thought leader, entrepreneur, business consultant, and life architect."
In addition, Eliakim is President and Co-Founder of "Let's Talk About It," an organization which serves neglected and abused youth, and is a Foundation Director of "Someday Challenge," whose objective is to create a better world through passionate living and heartfelt giving.


Sabine Krantz
Piano and voice teacher
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Sabine Krantz | Piano and voice teacher
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Piano performance-and teaching degree from Oslo, Norway. Vocal coaching learned while in college. I teach all genres including classical, musicals, chords, music theory,composition (not advanced) and sight-singing/reading.
Aimed at: Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced.
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text:
When you think of American cuisine, what comes to mind? Hamburgers? Fries? Apple pie? Most traditional American foods can be found at fast food restaurants, available conveniently and cheaply no matter where you are in the United States. Now, you can find American fast food chains in just about every country on the planet.
The Beginnings of Fast Food
The first fast food chain to open in the United States was White Castle in 1921, located in the Midwest. They served American cuisine, such as burgers and fries, quickly and at unbeatable prices.
Fast food differentiated itself from traditional sit-down restaurants in a number of ways. With the opening of the first fast food joint came a sort of culinary assembly line to get the customer their food as quickly as possible. There were no made-to-order dishes, no waiting for thirty minutes to eat. Now, your food could be ready even before you ordered it.
Standardization of ingredients and recipes across locations also ensured that customers would receive the same burger whether they were at a White Castle location in Kansas, or Ohio. Such uniformity and productivity allow fast food to be much cheaper than food served in a traditional restaurant.
The convenience and cheap prices that fast food offered caused a boom in popularity among the American people, creating a phenomenon that has grown to become a significant part of American culture.
A modern-day White Castle location
Convenience is Key
Have you ever seen waitresses bringing food to cars on roller skates in old movies? From the 1920s to the 1960s, this was a common way to receive your meal at American fast food joints. This allowed the customer to conveniently remain in their car—you could now order and enjoy your meal in the comfort of your own vehicle. The popular chain Sonic still employs carhops to deliver food to the customer on skates, creating an old-timey feel that evokes nostalgia for many Americans.
Carhops are less common today, and were largely replaced by drive-thrus in the 1960s, making the process even faster for the customer. Most fast food chains in the United States today have a drive-thru option attached to the restaurant, and the lines are often longer there than inside the store. Such innovations made fast food more accessible and appealing to the American people, making eating faster and easier than ever.
From the U.S. to Around the World
Since the 1920s, the original fast food chain White Castle has diminished in popularity, but many have taken its place as well-known American symbols of fast food. There are fast food chains that have locations in all 50 states and across the globe, as well as chains that can only be found in certain regions of the country. McDonald's is by far the most famous and influential fast food restaurant in the country, changing the way Americans approach food.
There are also regional chains such as In-N-Out, a burger chain only found on the West coast; Cook Out, located in the Southeast; and Whataburger, based in Texas. Many Americans make it a point to try these regional joints that they may not be able to find in their home state while traveling. Fast food is not limited to the conventional burgers and fries—there are now fast food chains serving up Mexican, Italian, and Chinese food. No matter what you're craving, there's a fast food restaurant out there with something you'll enjoy.
In the last few decades, fast food has become popular around the world, and different countries put unique regional spins on American dishes that appeal to locals. For example, McDonald's in Egypt offers a McFalafel, and McDonald's in India boast meatless options for their large vegetarian population.
There are even new traditions born from fast food. It's so common for families in Japan to order KFC on Christmas Eve, that you often must preorder to avoid long lines and ensure you receive your chicken on time. Fast food is not only popular in the United States. It is gaining popularity and recognition all over the world.
The firs McDonald's location, which originally opened in 1955 in Illinois.
Santa Claus outside a KFC in Japan, where it is a popular tradition to eat fried chicken on Christmas Eve.
Something for Everyone
For many foreigners, there are stereotypes about Americans and fast food. Some think that Americans exclusively eat fast food, that it is extremely unhealthy, or that it's only for people without the money to eat at restaurants. However, people from all backgrounds are known to enjoy fast food. People from the everyday American worker to the President of the United States enjoy a BigMac every once in a while.
It is true that most fast food is not particularly healthy, but many enjoy it in moderation as a quick and convenient meal on the go. American culture stresses productivity, convenience, and quick satisfaction. Fast food checks all of these boxes. When you're busy at work, don't have time to cook a meal after a long day, or are commuting with no time to sit down and eat, sometimes a cheap burger that will be ready instantly is just what you need.
A McDonald's drive-thru menu
Fast food in the United States is known worldwide for being quick and cheap . You've likely had fast food in your own country, though it's probably quite different from the American equivalent. If you travel to the U.S., try getting a taste of the uniquely American fast food culture.
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Clojure's polymorphism
This post looks at Clojure's polymorphism mechanisms using types. There are essentially two constructs to define new types: deftype and defrecord. defstruct is a third, but it is recommended to use defrecord instead of defstruct . We will take some inspiration by the loom graph library, meaning our examples will be concerned with graphs.
(deftype SimpleGraph [nodes adj])
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(defrecord SimpleGraphRecord [nodes adj])
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The main difference between the two constructs is that defrecord supports everything that clojure.lang.PersistentMap implements whereas deftype only comes with a constructor and field accessors. deftype comes with options to make the field mutable. Only use these options when you know what you are doing and avoid it whenever possible.
(def simple-graph (SimpleGraph. #{1 2} {1 #{2} 2 #{1}}))
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Both type constructors also generate a functional constructor, which is the type name prefixed by -> .
(->SimpleGraph #{1 2} {1 #{2} 2 #{1}})
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(.nodes simple-graph)
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(def simple-graph-record (->SimpleGraphRecord #{1 2} {1 #{2} 2 #{1}}))
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Records work just like maps.
(:nodes simple-graph-record)
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One can assoc existing fields as well as new ones.
(assoc simple-graph-record :nodes #{1 2 3} :components 2)
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They also support metadata.
(meta (with-meta simple-graph-record {:created-at (java.util.Date.)}))
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A protocol defines a set of named method plus their signatures.
(defprotocol Graph
 (nodes [g] "Returns a collection of the nodes in graph g")
 (edges [g] "Edges in g. May return each edge twice in an undirected graph"))
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(defprotocol EditableGraph
 (add-edges* [g edges] "Add edges to graph g. See add-edges"))
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Types can then be extended with a protocol via extend .
(extend SimpleGraph
 Graph
 {:nodes (fn [g] (.nodes g))
 :edges (fn [g] (.adj g))})
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(nodes simple-graph)
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There is also a shorthand for specifying the methods via the macro extend-type which gets rid of the anonymous functions.
(extend-type SimpleGraphRecord
 Graph
 (nodes [g] (:nodes g))
 (edges [g] (:adj g))

 EditableGraph
 (add-edges* [g edges]
 (reduce
 (fn [g [n1 n2]]
 (-> g
 (update-in [:nodes] conj n1 n2)
 (update-in [:adj n1] (fnil conj #{}) n2)
 (update-in [:adj n2] (fnil conj #{}) n1)))
 g edges)))
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(add-edges* (->SimpleGraphRecord #{} {}) [[1 2] [2 3]])
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In case you want to define the methods on a per protocol basis, one can use extend-protocol . It's also possible to extend types with a protocol right when they get declared.
(extend-protocol Graph
 SimpleGraph
 (nodes [g] (.nodes g))
 (edges [g] (.adj g))
 SimpleGraphRecord
 (nodes [g] (:nodes g))
 (edges [g] (:adj g)))
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One might be wondering why you would want to use deftype, defrecord in combination with defprotocol when there are multimethods . Multimethods are simpler in the sense that they are just functions with a dispatch method. They let you dispatch on any computation of the arguments. This also makes them slower but also more powerful. One can think of multimethods as superset of protocols.
(defmulti nodes-multi class)
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With protocols you hook into the low level support of the JVM which is a lot faster. The downside is one can only dispatch on the type of the first argument. An advantage of protocols is that you can group methods based on a protocol (see the Graph protocol above). satisfies? and extends? also let one check if a value satisfies a protocol.
(satisfies? Graph simple-graph)
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(satisfies? EditableGraph simple-graph)
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Although you can achieve a similar result with derive and isa? for multimethods, it needs to be done explicitly.
Two constructs this post hasn't touched upon are defprotocol and reify. reify serves essentially to define one-off types.
Setup
{:deps {compliment {:mvn/version "0.3.10"}}}
deps.edn
Extensible Data Notation
Runtimes (1)


text:
By: Matthew Bivins Rogers
Open the Family Chart as you read along
Other researchers have traced the lineage of the Stearns family back to around 1512, in Stoke, Cambridge, England. It appears the family origins in America begin in the early seventeenth century, when Shubeal Stearns settled in Charleston, Massachusetts.
In 1620 Shubeal begot Charles. Charles married Rebecca (Gibson). In 1658 Charles and Rebecca begot Isaac in Watertown Massachusetts. He married Hannah Becket. Isaac and Hannah begot John, December 20, 1690 in Salem, Massachusetts. He married Martha (Willard). John and Martha begot John Jr, August 7, 1719 in Salem, Massachusetts. He married Rachel (Pettiplace). John and Rachel begot Isaac, November 21, 1757 in Newport, Rhode Island. He married Phebe (Wait). Isaac and Phebe begot Isaac L, around 1778, someplace in Connecticut. Isaac L. first married an unknown women with whom he begot Tompkins Stearns around 1808 in New York State. Isaac L. then married Jane Shaw (Powers) and they begot Joseph L. Stearns, October 3, 1814 in somewhere in Ohio.
Tompkins Stearns married Harriett (Noe) December 29, 1835 in Delaware County, Ohio. The couple had three sons: Josiah A, Philander and Simon.
Joseph L. Stearns, first married Elizabeth (McClain). They had three children: Luther I, Pheba and Sarah Jane. Joseph's second wife was Lucinda Dearman. They had three children: William L, Marry E. and Clara C.
The above text was created from the research of other Stearns descendents. We have not had the time or resources to verify or conduct our own research on the Stearns family before the 1850's. What follows are the results of our research.
Philander Stearns was born in 1839. He was the son of Tompkins and Harriett Stearns. Philander met Hester Ann Eastman in 1858, while he was attending College in Hartsville, Indiana. She was 16 and he was 18 years old. They married the following year, November 26, 1859. Hester's brother Matthew Warren married Philander's cousin Sarah Jane Stearns the same year.
Philander and Hester's first child was born, Hattie S. Stearns, May 23 1860.
In September of 1861 Philander Stearns and Matthew Warren Eastman enlisted in the 33rd Indiana Infantry Co. "I". Philander and Hester's second child Ann M. was born April 1, 1862.
On March 5, 1863 Philander and Matthew were captured along with most of their regiment near Franklin Tennessee, during the Battle of Thompson's Station. The regiment was paroled from Libby Prison two months later in May. Philander and Matthew made their way back home and reenlisted in January of 1864. Philander Francis Rosecrans was Philander and Hester's final child, he was born the following month on February 10.
William A. Hastie was a Music Teacher and Composer in Cincinnati, Ohio. Ann joined the Angels the day after her 41st birthday, April 2, 1903. William joined Ann in Eternal Peace after being struck by an automobile, May 7, 1948.
Philander Francis Rosecrans Stearns was born February 10, 1864. Family legend says he had twelve middle names, in respect to the generals of the Union Army. He passed away four months shy of his 20th birthday, October 17, 1883. His burial certificate from Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati only identifies six initials, "P. F. O. E. R. S. Murdock". The Murdock name likely shows he was adopted by his Mother's second husband, George Murdock. During his lifetime it may have been entertaining to believe he was named after the Union Generals. Certainly the 33rd Indiana Infantry was attached to the Army of the Cumberland which was led by General Rosecrans. The General was for a time one of the more popular Union Generals and well liked by his troops, so it's likely Philander Francis did carry his name as his sisters stated. But the other initials are more likely indications of family names: Philander Francis Orren Eastman Rosecrans Stearns Murdock.
Hester was a hardy woman; while Philander was away at war she continued to maintain the farm. She planted and harvested the wheat and corn and would load it into a wagon and take it to the mill to be ground. On one such trip to the mill a neighbor she didn't particularly care for imposed on her for a ride into town. During the trip the neighbor tried to get fresh with her. So when they came upon a river which needed to be forded, Hester picked the man up and heaved him in. She never had any trouble with him again.
Philander was killed at the battle of New Hope Church in Georgia on May 25, 1864. Later after the War Hester married George A. Murdock and the family moved to Cincinnati Ohio.
Matthew Warren was born August 20, 1840. He married Sarah Jane Stearns, November 6, 1859. Matthew enlisted in September, 1861 in the 33rd Indiana Infantry Co. "I". He was killed at the Battle of Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864.
Sarah Jane Stearns was born June 21, 1841. She was the daughter of Joseph L. and Elizabeth (McClain) Stearns. She married Matthew Warren Eastman, November 6, 1859. Matthew was the brother of Hester Ann Eastman. He enlisted in September, 1861 in the 33rd Indiana Infantry Co. "I" and was killed at the Battle of Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864.
Matthew had only been married to Sarah for 4 1/2 years at the time of his death. Sarah remarried Winfield Richardson, January 3, 1866. She didn't survive to 1870. Careful study of the 1870 and 1880 census shows us two Eastman children who may be orphans of Matthew Warren and Sarah (Stearns) Eastman. Their names were Alta and Joseph M.
Alta Eastman was born in September 1860. After her parents died she was raised by Isaac and Cynthia Stearns. She married Alexander Mills, September 10, 1876. Alexander was 26 and Alta was 16 years old when the couple married. They had three children: Grace, Willard and Warren C.
Joseph M. Eastman was born in 1862. After his parents died, he is shown in the 1870 census living with William and Mary Stearns. Later in the 1880 census he was enumerated as the ward of Alonzo and Phoebe (Stearns) Wilcox. So far we haven't found any record for Joseph after 1880.
Sarah (Stearns) Eastman/Richardson may have left behind a pair of twins fathered by her second husband, Winfield Richardson. The 1870 census shows two Richardson children age three living in the same household as Winfield. The children born in 1867, are a girl named Emma B. and boy named Worthy L. If these are Winfield and Sarah's children, it may that Sarah died while giving birth. However other researchers have recorded Sarah passing through the Gates of Heaven, October 11, 1868.
So far we haven't been able to find any records pertaining to Winfield Richardson or Worthy and Emma after 1870.
Much of the information from this history comes from Uncle Will Hastie's interview of Hester Ann (Eastman) Stearns/Murdock transcribed in the Charles' Hastie Letter and internment certificates from the Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati Ohio. Also notes from Margaret Battcher and Hester (Battcher) Coyne.
The One World Family Tree database at Ancestry.com
As we have stated the research continues and you are encouraged to add your facts, speculations or questions e-mail _EMAIL_


Publications
Theory of analytical energy derivatives for the variational quantum eigensolver
The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and its variants, which is a method for finding eigenstates and eigenenergies of a given Hamiltonian, are appealing applications of near-term quantum computers. Although the eigenenergies are certainly important quantities which determines properties of a given system, their derivatives with respect to parameters of the system, such as positions of nuclei if we target a quantum chemistry problem, are also crucial to analyze the system. Here, we describe methods to evaluate analytical derivatives of the eigenenergy of a given Hamiltonian, including the excited state energy as well as the ground state energy, with respect to the system parameters in the framework of the VQE. We give explicit, low-depth quantum circuits which can measure essential quantities to evaluate energy derivatives, incorporating with proof-of-principle numerical simulations. This work extends the theory of the variational quantum eigensolver, by enabling it to measure more physical properties of a quantum system than before and to perform the geometry optimization of a molecule.
2019/05/10
Condensed matter physicsQuantum chemistryNISQ device
by K. Mitarai, Y. O. Nakagawa, W. Mizukami
Subspace-search variational quantum eigensolver for excited states
The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), a variational algorithm to obtain an approximated ground state of a given Hamiltonian, is an appealing application of near-term quantum computers. The original work [Peruzzo et al.; Nat. Commun.; 5, 4213 (2014)] focused only on finding a ground state, whereas the excited states can also induce interesting phenomena in molecules and materials. Calculating excited states is, in general, a more difficult task than finding ground states for classical computers. To extend the framework to excited states, we here propose an algorithm, the subspace-search variational quantum eigensolver (SSVQE). This algorithm searches a low energy subspace by supplying orthogonal input states to the variational ansatz and relies on the unitarity of transformations to ensure the orthogonality of output states. The k-th excited state is obtained as the highest energy state in the low energy subspace. The proposed algorithm consists only of two parameter optimization procedures and does not employ any ancilla qubits. The disuse of the ancilla qubits is a great improvement from the existing proposals for excited states, which have utilized the swap test, making our proposal a truly near-term quantum algorithm. We further generalize the SSVQE to obtain all excited states up to the k-th by only single optimization procedure. From numerical simulations, we verify the proposed algorithms. This work greatly extends the applicable domain of the VQE to excited states and their related properties like a transition amplitude without sacrificing any feasibility of it.
2018/10/22
Quantum chemistryNISQ deviceCondensed matter physics
by K. M. Nakanishi, K. Mitarai and K. Fujii
Generalization of the output of variational quantum eigensolver by parameter interpolation with low-depth ansatz
The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is an attracting possible application of near-term quantum computers. Originally, the aim of the VQE is to find a ground state for a given specific Hamiltonian. It is achieved by minimizing the expectation value of the Hamiltonian with respect to an ansatz state by tuning parameters θ on a quantum circuit which constructs the ansatz. Here we consider an extended problem of the VQE, namely, our objective in this work is to "generalize" the optimized output of the VQE just like machine learning. We aim to find ground states for a given set of Hamiltonians {H(x)}, where x is a parameter which specifies the quantum system under consideration, such as geometries of atoms of a molecule. Our approach is to train the circuit on the small number of x's. Specifically, we employ the interpolation of the optimal circuit parameter determined at different x's, assuming that the circuit parameter θ has simple dependency on a hidden parameter x as θ(x). We show by numerical simulations that, using an ansatz which we call the Hamiltonian-alternating ansatz, the optimal circuit parameters can be interpolated to give near-optimal ground states in between the trained x's. The proposed method can greatly reduce, on a rough estimation by a few orders of magnitude, the time required to obtain ground states for different Hamiltonians by the VQE. Once generalized, the ansatz circuit can predict the ground state without optimizing the circuit parameter θ in a certain range of x.
2018/10/10
Quantum chemistryNISQ deviceCondensed matter physics
by K. Mitarai, T. Yan and K. Fujii
Boosting computational power through spatial multiplexing in quantum reservoir computing
Quantum reservoir computing provides a framework for exploiting the natural dynamics of quantum systems as a computational resource. It can implement real-time signal processing and solve temporal machine learning problems in general, which requires memory and nonlinear mapping of the recent input stream using the quantum dynamics in computational supremacy region, where the classical simulation of the system is intractable. A nuclear magnetic resonance spin-ensemble system is one of the realistic candidates for such physical implementations, which is currently available in laboratories. In this paper, considering these realistic experimental constraints for implementing the framework, we introduce a scheme, which we call a spatial multiplexing technique, to effectively boost the computational power of the platform. This technique exploits disjoint dynamics, which originate from multiple different quantum systems driven by common input streams in parallel. Accordingly, unlike designing a single large quantum system to increase the number of qubits for computational nodes, it is possible to prepare a huge number of qubits from multiple but small quantum systems, which are operationally easy to handle in laboratory experiments. We numerically demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique using several benchmark tasks and quantitatively investigate its specifications, range of validity, and limitations in detail.
2018/03/12
Quantum machine learning
by K. Nakajima, K. Fujii, M. Negoro, K. Mitarai and M. Kitagawa
Quantum Circuit Learning
We propose a classical-quantum hybrid algorithm for machine learning on near-term quantum processors, which we call quantum circuit learning. A quantum circuit driven by our framework learns a given task by tuning parameters implemented on it. The iterative optimization of the parameters allows us to circumvent the high-depth circuit. Theoretical investigation shows that a quantum circuit can approximate nonlinear functions, which is further confirmed by numerical simulations. Hybridizing a low-depth quantum circuit and a classical computer for machine learning, the proposed framework paves the way toward applications of near-term quantum devices for quantum machine learning.
2018/03/02
Quantum machine learningNISQ device
by K. Mitarai, M. Negoro, M. Kitagawa and K. Fujii
Harnessing disordered ensemble quantum dynamics for machine learning
The quantum computer has an amazing potential of fast information processing. However, the realization of a digital quantum computer is still a challenging problem requiring highly accurate controls and key application strategies. Here we propose a platform, quantum reservoir computing, to solve these issues successfully by exploiting the natural quantum dynamics of ensemble systems, which are ubiquitous in laboratories nowadays, for machine learning. This framework enables ensemble quantum systems to universally emulate nonlinear dynamical systems including classical chaos. A number of numerical experiments show that quantum systems consisting of 5–7 qubits possess computational capabilities comparable to conventional recurrent neural networks of 100–500 nodes. This discovery opens up a paradigm for information processing with artificial intelligence powered by quantum physics.
2016/02/26
Quantum machine learning
by K. Fujii and K. Nakajima