text:
This homework assignment will allow you to learn and practice the correct order of kaʻi + memeʻa + kāhulu. If you do not know what those three things are, then you should watch the first four videos in the 0600 Series.
The lesson text follows the vocabulary.
Nā Kikino (noun-like words)
|ke keiki||boy, son, child|
|ke keikikāne||boy, son|
|ke kaikamahine2||girl, daughter|
|ka wahine||female, woman|
|ke kāne||male, man|
|ka ʻanakala||uncle (from English)|
|ka ʻanakē||aunty (from English)|
|ka ʻelemakule||old man|
|ka luahine||old woman|
|ke kumu||teacher; source; trunk of tree|
|ke alanui||street, road|
|ka hale||house, building|
- 1. be careful with the word haumāna. There is always a kahakō regardless of whether it is singlular or plural.
- 2. the word kaikamahine is often pronounced "keikiamahine" although it is not written that way.
- 3. pākaukau retains the kaʻi "ke" rather than "ka" as one might expect.
Nā ʻAʻano (words describing a state or condition)
|mākaukau||ready; capable at doing something|
|huʻihuʻi||cold (the object)|
|anuanu||cold (the feeling)|
|wela||hot (of an object or your feeling)|
|ehuehu||healthy (in good health); also ahuahu|
Take the vocabulary words and write them onto index cards or into your notebook and study them until you start to remember them. You don't have to be perfect at recalling them at this time. It is possible to print this page right from your computer, but I think you'll find that writing the words will (1) make you see each word better, and (2) help you to see its shape better so you can recognize it later on.
The next step is to remember how to build a sequence of words which allow you to say things like "the famous island" or "the quick car". These are not sentences; rather, they are just little bits of what could be a complete sentence (like, "I went to the famous island last week" or "I have a quick car").
In English, we put the descriptor (adjective) before the object it describes (the noun). Hawaiian does it the other way around: the noun comes first, and then you put the describing words. For exmaple, a "big car" in English would be a "car big" in Hawaiian.
To allow us to speak about Hawaiian grammar later on when things become more complicated, we should start right now using the Hawaiian grammar terms, because they describe Hawaiian much better than English grammar terms do. Furthermore, some of us might not even know the English grammar terms like "dangling modifier" and "past participle" anyway, so we may as well learn the Hawaiian ones right from the start!
The order we will use for this lesson is as follows: kaʻi + memeʻa + kāhulu.
Once again a reminder:
- kaʻi: the leading word before a memeʻa, such as ka, ke, and he. In English, an article or determiner.
- memeʻa: a content word which could be any one of four types, kikino, ʻaʻano, hamani, or hehele
- kikino: like a noun, a word for a thing (eg. house)
- ʻaʻano: a word describing a state or condition (eg. happy)
- hamani: a verb which requires an object (eg. to kick, like when you kick a ball)
- hehele: a verb where the action occurs only in the do-er of the action (eg. to jump)
- kāhulu: a memeʻa word functioning as an adjective or adverb, meaning that it adds a description to the preceeding memeʻa. Most frequently, ʻaʻano are used as kāhulu.
Make up as many combinations as seem to make sense using the vocabulary in this lesson, and any other memeʻa you might know already or look up in the online dictionary.
Here are some examples:
- ka makua ehuehu (the healthy and strong parent)
- ke pākaukau nunui (the huge table)
- he mokupuni nui (a large island)
- he kaikamahine hauʻoli (a happy girl)
The final part to this lesson is to now go out and try to use these kaʻi + memeʻa + kāhulu combinations. As you drive around or walk to work or watch television, take a look at things and try to recall how to describe them. If you run into a word you don't know, no problem! Just use the English one until you have a chance to learn the Hawaiian word. For example, you might see a large pizza or a broken table, but you don't know the word for pizza or broken; you should just say "he pizza nui!" or "ke pākaukau broken". Just have fun and enjoy the words you do know and get the order right first and foremost.


text:
Nowadays, there are more and more expectations concerning modern automobiles. To begin with, besides continually increasing power and efficiency, producers have to decrease harmful gas emission and fuel consumption levels, due to more and more severe regulations and in order to fulfil costumer needs.
In order that these vehicles would be able to satisfy present and future expectations and their development would advance in the proper direction, a regular and detailed survey of available faulty components is needed.
This thesis is about the design and implementation of an autonomously functioning system, which is capable of performing the automated testing of actuators disposing of DC engines containing static magnetic stators, to be found on motors produced by AUDI Hungary Motor Ltd. The device is able to run various diagnostic measurements to define whether a certain actuator satisfies the specification. Furthermore, it provides assistance in analysing components and revealing faults. It also stores measuring results in a standardised form for a further use. Moreover, the system is able to interpret and utilize the signs of sensors with the ever spreading protocol SENT.
Functions of the tester are the following: it can process a hysteresis analysis on valves and the analysis results are visualized by the computer. Furthermore, it is able to move the valve in a secure and controlled way and to search for its end positions. Furhermore, it is also possible to measure opening and closing times of the valve with the help of this device. It is also suitable for the use of long-time running tests. As an autonomous device, it serves support for selection processes as well.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


mtcp_listen
NAME
mtcp_listen − listen for connections on an mTCP socket
SYNOPSIS
#include <mtcp_api.h>
int mtcp_listen(mctx_t mctx, int sockid, int backlog);
DESCRIPTION
mtcp_listen() marks the mTCP socket referred to by sockid as a passive socket of type SOCK_STREAM. Once this function is called on a mTCP socket, it is ready to start accepting incoming connection requests.
The backlog argument is used to set the maximum length of the queue that the passive socket, referred to by sockid can accomodate for pending connections requests.
mtcp_listen() call takes an additional argument named mctx that represents the per-core mTCP context in an application (see mtcp_create_context() for details).
RETURN VALUE
Returns 0 on success; -1 on failure. In case of failure, errno is set appropriately.
ERRORS
EADDRINUSE
Another socket is already listening on the same port.
EBADF
sockid is not a valid socket descriptor.
EINVAL
The backlog argument is either <= 0 or exceeds the maximum conneciton concurrency limit as set by the mTCP startup configuration file (see mtcp_init() for details).
ENOMEM
There is not enough available memory to create the listening backlog queue.
ENOTSOCK
The socket referred to by sockid is not valid.
AUTHORS
mOS development team <_EMAIL_>
SEE ALSO
mtcp_bind(), mtcp_socket(), mtcp_accept(), mtcp_connect(), mtcp_read(), mtcp_write()
COLOPHON
This page is part of mOS release 0.3 docs section. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found at _URL_


s/examples/mvc-twig
You can also use Smarty to render the views. see docs/examples/mvc-smarty
Pre And Post Dispatch Interceptors
----------------------------------
You can hook before dispatching a request to a controller and also after. A
dispatcher will chain all preHandle() and postHandle() from all the
IHandlerInterceptor you configure.
A preHandle() interceptor returning true will continue the chain execution. To
stop the chained execution, false can be returned, and also a ModelAndView
(thus, triggering redirects, view renders, etc).
You can find an example in docs/examples/mvc-interceptors
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TCPClient
=========
You can use the helper TCPClientHelper as just another bean. Via callbacks and
combining the helpers for error and signal handling, you can easily create a
very complete tcp client, using non blocking sockets. Available callbacks:
* Before the connection.
* As soon as the connection establishes
* If the connection failed because of a timeout.
* When data is available to be read.
* When the connection is closed by either one of the peers.
You can specify the connection timeout, the read timeout (both in milliseconds)
and the minimum needed bytes in the socket before considering it as available
data to be read.
see docs/examples/tcp for an example of use.
When using non blocking connects, be aware that php will call your error
handler with an "operation in progress" message that is completely normal but
it seems there is no way to disable it without interferring with other
messages :(
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TCPServer
=========
You can use the helper TCPServerHelper as just another bean. Via callbacks and
combining the helpers for error and signal handling, you can easily create a
very complete tcp server, using non blocking sockets. Available callbacks:
* Before opening the socket.
* Before binding and listening the socket.
* As soon as a connection establishes or closes.
* When data is available to be read.
* When the connection is closed by either one of the peers.
* When there is a read timeout on any of the clients.
You can specify the connection timeout, the read timeout (both in milliseconds)
and the minimum needed bytes in the socket before considering it as available
data to be read.
see docs/examples/tcp for an example of use.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Error Handling
==============
If you declare a bean to listen for event "dingError", it will be called
when the container receives an error (same effect as using set_error_handler()
by yourself, only much easier!)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Signal Handling
===============
If you declare a bean to listen for event "dingSignal", it will be called
when the container receives a signal, the signal number will be passed as
the argument. Only available for SAPI's cli and cgi. Requires the pcntl
extension.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shutdown Handling
=================
If you declare a bean to listen for event "dingShutdown", it will be called
when the container shutdowns (same effect as using
register_shutdown_function()).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HttpSession
===========
A helper so you can access the session from the mvc. You can setAttribute()'s
and getAttribute()'s, destroy() it, etc. See the mvc example.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAMIHelper
==========
This helper integrates PAMI (_URL_ with Ding,
offering a quick, easy, and effective way to access and manager asterisk
installations via the asterisk manager interface (ami).
See: docs/examples/pami
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGIHelper
==========
This helper integrates PAGI (_URL_ with Ding,
offering a quick, easy, and effective way to make agi (Asterisk Gateway
Interface) applications (PrePaid systems, voicemail's, etc).
See: docs/examples/pagi
In order to run the example, you need something like this in your dialplan:
[default]
exten => _X,1,AGI(/tmp/Ding/docs/examples/pagi/run.sh,a,b,c,d)
exten => _X,n,Hangup
Call to extension 1 and extension 2 (modify the example if you want another
extensions). Use other digit to invoke the default extension.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syslog
======
Try the SyslogHelper to easily add syslogging to your own application.
See docs/examples/syslog.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Integration with other frameworks
=================================
See our doctrine2 integration:
_URL_
---------------------------------------------------


text:
The electrification of the powertrain requires the massive use of power electronics and places new demands on the power semiconductor industry. For electromobility to become established, it must be cost-effective and reliable – to achieve this, power semiconductors must have a higher power density, increased efficiency and improved temperature resistance. This requires connecting materials to withstand higher power densities, switching frequencies and temperatures and meet higher reliability requirements.
Because of the increasing operation temperature, conventional aluminum wires will usually be a limiting factor for power applications in EVs. Compared to aluminum, copper has a better thermal and electrical conductivity and a lower coefficient of electrical expansion. However, bonding copper on the semiconductor is not possible as the semiconductor usually breaks while bonding due to the hardness of copper.
To combine the advantages of aluminum and copper within one wire, Heraeus has developed a new composite bonding wire named CucorAl Plus. The wire consists of a copper core and an aluminum shell and is simple to integrate into existing power module design.
By replacing aluminum wire with CucorAl Plus, manufacturers can extend module lifetime by a factor of five without changing the module design. This specifically caters to the e-mobility industry needing new materials and components that function in demanding environments. CucorAl Plus enables higher power density within the module design by fusing current capabilities and providing a 20 percent higher ampacity. The wire is designed for operation temperatures of up to 200 °C. It also has better mechanical properties compared to aluminum wire.
Heraeus not only provides high-quality materials, but also makes its process knowledge available to customers. In its power electronics application centers, the company helps manufacturers to improve their processes by jointly simulating them and developing prototypes.
Key benefits of CucorAl Plus:
- Enables power module operation temperature of up to 200 °C
- Up to 5x higher module lifetime compared to aluminum
- Enables higher power density within the module design, through 20% higher ampacity and fusing current capabilities
- Compatibility with standard bonding and standard chip technology
- Customer proofed


For all your dictionary needs!
Index. Are you looking for terms starting with PDA?
Header of pda
Pda
The following statistics are based on the British National Corpus, so they are representative for the British English.
Distribution of usage frequency for the most common synonyms of the noun PDA:
organizerorganiser
Video footage: Night dolly shot of little boy playing games on pda in bed
Play/pauseBuy footageFind more
Definition of the noun pda
What does pda mean as a name of something?
noun
 1. a lightweight consumer electronic device that looks like a hand-held computer but instead performs specific tasks; can serve as a diary or a personal database or a telephone or an alarm clock etc.
Alternative definition of the noun pda
noun
 1. [electronics] Personal digital assistant
 2. Property Damage Accident
 3. Public display of affection
 4. Pathological Demand Avoidance
 5. [computing theory] pushdown automaton
Place
Pda a.k.a. Obando Airport is an airport in Puerto Inírida, Colombia.
Business
 1. PDA: Pickering, Darby and Allday Ltd, PDA, was a British automobile manufacturer from _PHONE_. They built the PDA Cyclecar at their works in Birmingham, equipped with V2-engines from various manufacturers. Approximately 15 units were built.
 2. PDA is a record label.
Music
 1. "PDA" is a song from Interpol's self-titled EP and their first album, Turn on the Bright Lights. This song is one of the oldest songs by Interpol and has appeared on many of their early demos and EPs (included their first demo tape, the Fukd I.D. EP, and the Precipitate EP). Between the release of the Interpol EP and the recording of Turn on the Bright Lights, Interpol released "PDA" as a promo single along with a music video, directed by Christopher Mills.
 2. "PDA" is a musical album of Part Time.
 - released on
 3. PDA is a music video that was nominated for the award Video of the Year in the 2003 Juno Awards.
Miscellanea
 1. PdA a.k.a. Deoxyadenosine monophosphate, also known as deoxyadenylate, or dAMP, is a derivative of the common nucleic acid AMP, or adenosine monophosphate, in which the -OH group on the 2' carbon on the nucleotide's pentose has been reduced to just a hydrogen atom. Deoxyadenosine monophosphate is abbreviated dAMP. It is a monomer used in DNA.
 2. Pda a.k.a. Anam language: Anam, or Pondoma, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
 - also known as Pondoma
 3. Pda is a computing platform.
Printed dictionaries and other books with definitions for Pda
Click on a title to look inside that book (if available):
Google previewDigital Forensics for Handheld Devices (2016)
by Eamon P. Doherty
One of the great authorities of computer telephony and telecommunications, Richard Grigonis, author of the Computer Telephony Encylopedia, said, "The PDA is a natural evolution of the paper based day organizers of the 1970s and 1980" [1] ...
Google previewPediatric Cardiology for Practitioners E-Book (2014)
by Myung K. Park
PDA is a special problem in premature infants who are recovering from hyaline membrane disease ...
Google previewGlobal Competitive Advantage Skill of Balanced Scorecard By SWOT Analysis and Strategic Map (2013)
BSC Project Management Essentials by Many Case Study of SWOT Analysis and Strategic Map by tomohisa fujii
The handheld terminal (PDA:personal digital assistants) PDA is a handheld terminal for the individual. It is equipped with the feature of the e-mail and the schedule control, the address book and so on. It is possible to send and receive the ...
Google previewComputational Learning Theory (2002)
15th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory, COLT 2002, Sydney, Australia, July 8-10, 2002. Proceedings by Jyrki Kivinen, Robert H. Sloan
Informally a pda is a one-way finite state machine with a stack. Criteria for recognition can be by empty stack or by accepting states, but in both cases the class of languages is that of the context-free ones. If the machine is deterministic ( in a ...
Google previewTopics in Cardiology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice (2010)
by Jonathan A. Abbott
and, as noted previously, type III PDA is the least common form.7 Consequently, a favorable outcome with coil occlusion can be reasonably ...
Google previewSecurity Consulting (2004)
by Charles A. Sennewald
For shorter trips, where you are gone for a day or so and will be getting back to your office PC, a PDA is an extremely versatile tool. You won't want to write a book on it; however, the folding keyboard enables easy note taking, editing of ...
Google previewOxford American Handbook of Clinical Examination and Practical Skills (2011)
by Elizabeth Burns, Kenneth Korn, James Whyte IV
PDA is a persistent embryonic connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Blood flows from the aorta into the pulmonary artery. Symptoms: often asymptomatic. Severe cases show dyspnea on exertion. Signs: collapsing pulse ...
Google previewCan I tell you about Pathological Demand Avoidance syndrome? (2015)
A guide for friends, family and professionals by Ruth Fidler, Phil Christie
PDA is a type of autism. Autism describes the way some people's brains work. It can't be seen just by looking at someone, but it does affect the way someone with autism thinks, talks and behaves. Autism affects different people in different ...
Google previewDictionary of Acronyms and Technical Abbreviations (2012)
for IT, Industrial, and Scientific Applications by Jakob Vlietstra
PCR-PDA PCTG PCTR PCTR PCTV PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCU PCUG PCUR PCV PCW PCWG PCX PD PD PD PD PD PD P/D PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PDA PDA ...
Google previewHistorical Dictionary of Modern Italy (2007)
by Mark Gilbert, Robert K. Nilsson
PARTITO D'AZIONE/ACTION PARTY (PdA). The PdA was founded in May 1942 by a diverse group of radicals, liberals, libertarians, and socialists. Many former members of Giustizia e Liberta joined the ranks of the new formation, as did' some ...
Google previewDictionary of Medical Abbreviations (2016)
The World's most comprehensive list of English-language medical abbreviations and acronyms by Burt Vance
PD = pupil diameter; pupillary diameter PD = pupils distance; pupillary distance PD = pupillary distortion PD = pyloric dilator PD = pyrimidine dimer PD50 = protective dose 50% PDA = patent ductus arteriosus PDA = patient's distress alarm ...
Google previewConcise Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia (1998)
by Joseph C. Salamone
PKBPDA/PDA). /. PKBPDA/ODA). FIGURE 1. Structures and symbols of polyimides. 906 MOLECULAR COMPOSITES (Polyimide/Polyimide, Laminate Processability) MR, molecular recognition; DP,. Molecular Composites (Liquid Crystalline ...
Google previewEncyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition (2008)
by Pagani, Margherita
Hence, PDA was chosen along with the SDiDTM 1010 card (Wireless Dynamics, 2005) for NFC communications. This card can also be configured to function as a Mifare® card, which is appropriate for secure transfer and storage of electronic ...
Google previewEncyclopedia of Dairy Sciences (2011)
is driven by the potential difference of the apical membrane , PDa. The high intracellular K concentration causes an efflux of K across channels in the luminal membrane thereby producing an intracellular negative PDa of ...
Google previewEncyclopedia of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (2006)
by Stephanie Felgoise, Arthur M. Nezu, Christine M. Nezu, Mark A. Reinecke
Panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) is characterized by anxiety in and avoidance of situations in which escape or receiving assistance is difficult in the event of a panic attack. Agoraphobic situations commonly include being alone, crowds, ...
Google previewEncyclopedia of Crisis Management (2013)
by K. Bradley Penuel, Matt Statler, Ryan Hagen
Also critical to the documentation process is a preliminary damage assessment ( PDA). This takes place at the local level where the incident took place and expands as far out as the damage has occurred. States vary in the process of a PDA, ...
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Pda
Click on a label to prioritize search results according to that topic:
Photos about Pda
Click on an item to view that photo:
pda
If you need related images for an article or a report, you can download stock photos:
Small photo of Woman text messaging on PDA


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Unit 13 Essay
Below is an essay on "Unit 13" from Anti Essays, your source for research papers, essays, and term paper examples.
1.1 Explain what it mean to have a duty of care in own work role
 residents are safe
 data protection act
 monitoring our own behaviour
 working safely
 equality and diversity
1.2 Explain how duty of care contributes to the safeguarding or protection of individuals
 Avoiding potential hazards, which could lead to harm through accidents or spreading infections
 respecting the individual in thy dignity
 Risk Assessments
 Policies and Procedures
 Conforming to Legislation – by adhering to laws such as health and safety and safeguarding, I am working within the law which is there to protect adults in mental health and those who work in sitting .
2.1 Describe potential conflicts or dilemmas that my arise between the duty of care and an individuals right
 abusing drugs
 Staff falling out,
 Break confidentiality,
 Swearing and behaviour,
 Absent staff members,
 Lack of team work
 bulling and intimidating
2.2 Describe how to manage risk associated with conflicts or dilemmas between an individuals rights and the duty of care
 Talking to the patients
Example : If the individual wants to do something that is unsafe or risky that is their choice and you must respect their rights but you have a duty of care and must do all that you can to keep them safe.That is the dilemma.You can carry out a risk assessment that involves the individual so that they fully understand the risk they are taking. If they still want to take the risk you make it as safe as possible for them. You have then done all that you can be expected to do under your duty of care.
2.3 Explain where to get additional support and advice about conflicts and dilemmas
 Line manager
 Advocacy centre
 Health professionals
3.1 Describe how to respond to complaints
 listening to the patients complains.
 record and inform the nurse in charge and line manager.
3.2 Explain the main...
Read Full Essay
MLA Citation
"Unit 13". Anti Essays. 28 Nov. 2015
APA Citation
Unit 13. Anti Essays. Retrieved November 28, 2015, from the World Wide Web: _URL_


text:
Our ASi systems are wired using a simple two-wire cable. It is easy to handle, avoids wiring mistakes and can be extended without difficulty. When it comes to higher-level systems, our safety and wiring technology can be used with any system and manufacturer and enables simple, fast and thus cost-effective commissioning.
One of the Easiest Installation Concepts Worldwide
With conventional parallel wiring, at least four lines per E-STOP are necessary to achieve PLe, plus additional two lines for the lighting. In case of other safety sensors even more lines might be needed.
Bihl+Wiedemann devices, on the other hand, can send up to 62 safe signals plus the supply voltage over just one 2-conductor cable.
Relieves the Fieldbus
PLC independent safety technology relieves the higher level controller: instead of many individual fieldbus slaves only the Safety Gateway is connected to the fieldbus. It collects the safe sensors and actuators directly in the field and controls the actuators.
The use of Bihl+Wiedemann devices enables compact machinery design, since for example the space for decentralized control cabinet can be saved. Therefore the wiring effort required for doors with interlocks for example is significantly reduced. The piercing technology greatly reduces time and effort compared with expensive and cumbersome connector assembly.
- The field installation concept is always the same and reduces the fieldbus slaves – greater overview
- Safety Gateways eliminate the need for expensive measuring instruments thanks to the integrated measuring technology
- Increased performance of the fieldbus and simple expansion of the field modules
The active distributors from Bihl+Wiedemann allow sensors and actuators to be connected in the field directly where they are used. Such flexible use offers many advantages from the construction site to the continuous flow production.
The safety system can be commissioned regardless of the higher level controller:
- No connector assembly – Plug and Play down to the sensor
- Physical and logical diagnostics integrated
- No additional measuring devices required


Skills Strategy Implementation Guidance for Slovenia
Improving the Governance of Adult Learning
image of Skills Strategy Implementation Guidance for Slovenia
A well-coordinated adult learning system will be essential to support the achievement of Slovenia's long-term development goals. The transformational effects of globalisation, technological progress and demographic change on life at work and outside of it amplify the importance of getting adults' skills right.
OECD research shows that individuals, employers and society benefit from adults having higher levels of skills. Slovenia has achieved significant improvements in student performance and tertiary attainment in recent decades. Yet today, many adults in Slovenia have only low levels of basic skills. Participation in adult learning remains below Slovenia's targets, especially for low-skilled, unemployed and older adults, and workers in small businesses. Against the backdrop of a growing economy and awareness about the importance of skills, Slovenia's government, social partners and stakeholders have a unique opportunity to improve how they share responsibility and work together in the adult learning system.
This report outlines how Slovenia can strengthen the enabling conditions for co-operation, co-operation between specific actors (ministries, municipalities and stakeholders), and co-operation on specific challenges (promotion and financing). It recommends eight actions that government, social partners and stakeholders can take to strengthen co-ordination and co-operation, in order to improve participation, outcomes and cost-effectiveness in adult learning.
Priority challenges in adult learning requiring co-operation
In Slovenia, as in other OECD countries, two complex challenges facing the adult-learning system are: motivating more adults to learn and appropriately funding adult learning effectively and efficiently. Having strengthened the "enabling conditions" for co-operation (Chapter 2) and improved co-operation between specific actors (Chapter 3), Slovenia should take a more co-ordinated approach to addressing these two challenges as a priority. This chapter presents each of these priority areas in turn with 1) an overview of the current arrangements, roles and responsibilities; 2) a discussion of the opportunities for improvement; 3) examples of good practice from Slovenia and abroad; and 4) recommended actions to better address these two challenges, in order to boost adults' learning and skills.
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BHPH Content Library
BHPH Library : View
2018-02-09 BHPH Advocate
BHPH Advocate
Definition and Requirements
By Shaun Petersen
With all the discussion surrounding tax reform legislation, the one thing we know for certain is "the tax man cometh."
Usually, we reference that quotation with the day of reckoning that comes each April 15. In this industry, though, we know the tax man shows up at many different times and in many different ways.
Recently, the Internal Revenue Service has been auditing dealerships for compliance with Form 8300 reporting requirements and auditing related finance companies for compliance with the issuance of a 1099-C.
A dealer in the southern U.S. reported an IRS auditor began looking at the RFC's tax returns from 2009 and noticed the RFC failed to send a 1099-C to customers whose vehicles were repossessed and the deficiency was not pursued.
The IRS found the RFC violated the tax code by failing to provide those consumers with 1099-Cs and assessed fines approaching six figures.
Given the potential liability an RFC faces, we need to answer some critical questions.
What is a 1099-C? Form 1099-C is a form the IRS requires an "applicable financial entity" to issue to its borrowers if that financial entity cancels or forgives a debt greater than $600. The form provides information about the debtor and creditor, information about the type of debt and amount discharged, and the fair market value of the property.
Who is required to file a 1099-C? The definition of "applicable financial entity" in federal law encompasses several types of financial institutions, including "any organization a significant trade or business of which is the lending of money."
That broad definition captures entities organized as an RFC associated with a Buy Here-Pay Here dealership. Buy Here-Pay Here dealers who do not have an RFC are not required to file a 1099-C if they forgive a debt given to borrow to purchase a vehicle off the lot.
When must I file a 1099-C? The trigger to file a 1099-C is based on the cancellation of debt that occurs after any of nine identifiable events.
The most common of those events in the Buy Here-Pay Here industry are:
· A discharge in bankruptcy, but only if the customer uses the vehicle for business. A 1099-C is not required for discharges in personal consumer bankruptcy.
· Forgiveness of a debt under an agreement between the RFC and the debtor to cancel the debt for less than the full balance due. For example, an RFC might agree to accept $5,000 on a $10,000 balance in satisfaction of the debt. In that event, the RFC would send a 1099-C for $5,000.
· Forgiveness of the debt because of a decision or a defined policy of the RFC to discontinue collection activity and cancel the debt. This defined policy can either be in writing or an established business practice of the creditor.
The IRS has noted if an RFC abandons collection of the debt and stops collection activity after a particular period of non-payment, that cessation of collection constitutes a defined policy. For example, the RFC has a policy that it will attempt collection on all debts for a period of one year and then will cease all collection attempts on the debt. After that 12-month period, the debt is considered forgiven, and a 1099-C is required.
Other "identifiable events" can be found at _URL_
The 1099-C must be filed by Jan. 31 of the year following the year the identifiable event occurred.
For example, if my RFC decided to cease collection activities and forgive a consumer's balance owed in August 2018, I would be required to file the 1099-C and send a copy to the consumer by Jan. 31, 2019.
Why must I file a 1099-C? Perhaps the biggest question to answer is one I get from my youngest child repeatedly: "Why?" Or, as my teenage daughter might say, "What's the point?"
The IRS has provided an explanation from the perspective of the consumer:
If a consumer borrows money from a lender to buy a car, the consumer was not required to include the loan proceeds as income because the consumer has the obligation to repay the lender.
But once that obligation is subsequently forgiven, the amount forgiven is normally reportable as income because there is no longer any obligation to repay the lender.
Sending out a barrage of 1099-C forms every Jan. 31 certainly has the potential to adversely affect customer relations. No one wants to receive notice they may have more tax liability than they anticipated, particularly when the likely reason for receiving a 1099-C was the result of an economic hardship resulting in repossession.
Angry customers could take umbrage with the RFC, and perhaps the dealership itself.
But with the IRS aggressively seeking to enforce these requirements, the cost of non-compliance up to $100 per 1099-C not filed is something that cannot be ignored.
Shaun Petersen is NIADA's senior vice president of legal and government affairs.


text:
New Child Justice Act in South Africa
Jun 04, 2009
After six years of debate and reworking, the Child Justice Bill was signed into law by South African president Kgalema Motlanthe on 11 May 2009. In an effort to both humanize the juvenile justice system and to protect the rights of children in conflict with the law, the new legislation raises the minimum age of child offenders and provides for several diversion options.
According to the opening paragraph, one objective of the new Child Justice Act is to "entrench the notion of restorative justice in the criminal justice system in respect of children who are in conflict with the law." The legislation goes on to define restorative justice as:
"an approach to justice that aims to involve the child offender, the victim, the families concerned and community members to collectively identify and address harms, needs and obligations through accepting responsibility, making restitution, taking measures to prevent a recurrence of the incident and promoting reconciliation."
Diversion alternatives include both family group conferencing and victim offender mediation. According to the "minimum standards for diversion options" a diversion programme must among other things:
- impart useful skills;
- include a restorative justice element which aims at healing relationships, including the relationship with the victim;
- include an element which seeks to ensure that the child understands the impact of his or her behaviour on others, including the victims of the offence, and may include compensation or restitution;
For those young offenders who do go through the child justice court, the Act provides for both community and "restorative justice" sentences. These include referring the case to a family group conference, victim-offender mediation, or "any other restorative justice process which is in accordance with the definition of restorative justice."
The Child Justice Act will come into effect in April 2010. It is available for download from the Child Justice Alliance.
Read recent news article about the Child Justice Act:
- An Act of Compassion by Don Pinnock in the Mail and Guardian from June 3.
- UNICEF welcomes signing of Child Justice Bill into Law

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Revit provides a general mechanism for giving each element a set of parameters that you can edit. In the Revit UI, parameters are visible in the Element Properties dialog box. This chapter describes how to get and use built-in parameters using the Revit Platform API. For more information about user-defined shared parameters, see Shared Parameters.
In the Revit Platform API, Parameters are managed in the Element class. You can access Parameters in these ways:
- By iterating through the Element.Parameters collection of all parameters for an Element (for an example, see the sample code in Walkthrough Get Selected Element Parameters).
- By accessing the parameter directly through the overloaded Element.Parameter property. If the Parameter doesn't exist, the property returns null.
- By accessing a parameter by name via the Element.ParametersMap collection.
You can retrieve the Parameter object from an Element if you know the name string, built-in ID, definition, or GUID. The Parameter[String] property overload gets a parameter based on its localized name, so your code should handle different languages if it's going to look up parameters by name and needs to run in more than one locale.
The Parameter[GUID] property overload gets a shared parameter based on its Global Unique ID (GUID), which is assigned to the shared parameter when it's created.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
- NSDISketchLib: Enabling Efficient Sketch-based Monitoring on Programmable Switches (to appear)Hun Namkung, Zaoxing Liu, Daehyeok Kim, Vyas Sekar, and Peter SteenkisteIn Proceedings of 19th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2022.
Sketching algorithms or sketches enable accurate network measurement results with low resource footprints. While emerging programmable switches are an attractive target to get these benefits, current implementations of sketches are either inefficient and/or infeasible on hardware. Our contributions in the paper are: (1) systematically analyzing the resource bottlenecks of existing sketch implementations in hardware; (2) identifying practical and correct-by-construction optimization techniques to tackle the identified bottlenecks; and (3) designing an easy-to-use library called SketchLib to help developers efficiently implement their sketch algorithms in switch hardware to benefit from these resource optimizations. Our evaluation on state-of-the-art sketches demonstrates that SketchLib reduces the hardware resource footprint up to 96% without impacting fidelity.
- SIGCOMMRedPlane: Enabling Fault-Tolerant Stateful In-Switch ApplicationsDaehyeok Kim, Jacob Nelson, Dan R. K. Ports, Vyas Sekar, and Srinivasan SeshanIn Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM conference, 2021.
Many recent efforts have demonstrated the performance benefits of running datacenter functions (e.g., NATs, load balancers, monitoring) on programmable switches. However, a key missing piece remains: fault tolerance. This is especially critical as the network is no longer stateless and pure endpoint recovery does not suffice. In this paper, we design and implement RedPlane, a fault-tolerant state store for stateful in-switch applications. This provides in-switch applications consistent access to their state, even if the switch they run on fails or traffic is rerouted to an alternative switch. We address key challenges in devising a practical, provably correct replication protocol and implementing it in the switch data plane. Our evaluations show that RedPlane incurs negligible overhead and enables end-to-end applications to rapidly recover from switch failures.
- SOSRTelemetry Retrieval Inaccuracy in Programmable Switches: Analysis and RecommendationsHun Namkung, Daehyeok Kim, Zaoxing Liu, Vyas Sekar, and Peter SteenkisteIn Proceedings of ACM Symposium on SDN Research (SOSR), 2021.
Sketching algorithms or sketches are attractive as telemetry capabilities on programmable hardware switches since they offer rigorous accuracy guarantees and use compact data structures. However, we find that in practice, their actual implementations can have a significant (up to 94x) accuracy drop compared to theoretical expectations. We find that the delays incurred by pulling and resetting the data plane state induce accuracy degradation. We design and implement solutions to reduce the delays and show that our solutions can help eliminate almost all the inaccuracy of existing sketch workflows.
- SIGCOMMTEA: Enabling State-Intensive Network Functions on Programmable SwitchesDaehyeok Kim, Zaoxing Liu, Yibo Zhu, Changhoon Kim, Jeongkeun Lee, Vyas Sekar, and Srinivasan SeshanIn Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM conference, 2020.
Programmable switches have been touted as an attractive alternative for deploying network functions (NFs) such as network address translators (NATs), load balancers, and firewalls. However, their limited memory capacity has been a major stumbling block that has stymied their adoption for supporting state-intensive NFs such as cloud-scale NATs and load balancers that maintain millions of flow-table entries. In this paper, we explore a new approach that leverages DRAM on servers available in typical NFV clusters. Our new system architecture, called TEA (Table Extension Architecture), provides a virtual table abstraction that allows NFs on programmable switches to look up large virtual tables built on external DRAM. Our approach enables switch ASICs to access external DRAM purely in the data plane without involving CPUs on servers. We address key design and implementation challenges in realizing this idea. We demonstrate its feasibility and practicality with our implementation on a Tofino-based programmable switch. Our evaluation shows that NFs built with TEA can look up table entries on external DRAM with low and predictable latency (1.8-2.2 μs) and the lookup throughput can be linearly scaled with additional servers (138 million lookups per seconds with 8 servers).
- NSDIAdapting TCP for Reconfigurable Datacenter NetworksMatthew Mukerjee, Christopher Canel, Weiyang Wang, Daehyeok Kim, Srinivasan Seshan, and Alex C. SnoerenIn Proceedings of 17th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2020.
Reconfigurable datacenter networks (RDCNs) augment traditional packet switches with high-bandwidth reconfigurable circuits. In these networks, high-bandwidth circuits are assigned to particular source-destination rack pairs based on a schedule. To make efficient use of RDCNs, active TCP flows between such pairs must quickly ramp up their sending rates when high-bandwidth circuits are made available. Past studies have shown that TCP performs well on RDCNs with millisecond-scale reconfiguration delays, during which time the circuit network is offline. However, modern RDCNs can reconfigure in as little as 20 μs, and maintain a particular configuration for fewer than 10 RTTs. We show that existing TCP variants cannot ramp up quickly enough to work well on these modern RDCNs. We identify two methods to address this issue: First, an in-network solution that dynamically resizes top-of-rack switch virtual output queues to prebuffer packets; Second, an endpoint-based solution that increases the congestion window, cwnd, based on explicit circuit state feedback sent via the ECN-echo bit. To evaluate these techniques, we build an open-source RDCN emulator, Etalon, and show that a combination of dynamic queue resizing and explicit circuit state feedback increases circuit utilization by 1.91x with an only 1.20x increase in tail latency.
- NSDIFreeFlow: Software-based Virtual RDMA Networking for Containerized CloudsDaehyeok Kim, Tianlong Yu, Hongqiang Harry Liu, Yibo Zhu, Jitu Padhye, Shachar Raindel, Chuanxiong Guo, Vyas Sekar, and Srinivasan SeshanIn Proceedings of 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2019.
Many popular large-scale cloud applications are increasingly using containerization for high resource efficiency and lightweight isolation. In parallel, many data-intensive applications (e.g., data analytics and deep learning frameworks) are adopting or looking to adopt RDMA for high networking performance. Industry trends suggest that these two approaches are on an inevitable collision course. In this paper, we present FreeFlow, a software-based RDMA virtualization framework designed for containerized clouds. FreeFlow realizes virtual RDMA networking purely with a software-based approach using commodity RDMA NICs. Unlike existing RDMA virtualization solutions, FreeFlow fully satisfies the requirements from cloud environments, such as isolation for multi-tenancy, portability for container migrations, and controllability for control and data plane policies. FreeFlow is also transparent to applications and provides networking performance close to bare-metal RDMA with low CPU overhead. In our evaluations with TensorFlow and Spark, FreeFlow provides almost the same application performance as bare-metal RDMA.
- SIGCOMMHyperLoop: Group-Based NIC-Offloading to Accelerate Replicated Transactions in Multi-Tenant Storage SystemsDaehyeok Kim, Amirsaman Memaripour, Anirudh Badam, Yibo Zhu, Hongqiang Harry Liu, Jitu Padhye, Shachar Raindel, Steven Swanson, Vyas Sekar, and Srinivasan SeshanIn Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM conference, 2018.
Storage systems in data centers are an important component of large-scale online services. They typically perform replicated transactional operations for high data availability and integrity. Today, however, such operations suffer from high tail latency even with recent kernel bypass and storage optimizations, and thus affect the predictability of end-to-end performance of these services. We observe that the root cause of the problem is the involvement of the CPU, a precious commodity in multi-tenant settings, in the critical path of replicated transactions. In this paper, we present HyperLoop, a new framework that removes CPU from the critical path of replicated transactions in storage systems by offloading them to commodity RDMA NICs, with non-volatile memory as the storage medium. To achieve this, we develop new and general NIC offloading primitives that can perform memory operations on all nodes in a replication group while guaranteeing ACID properties without CPU involvement. We demonstrate that popular storage applications can be easily optimized using our primitives. Our evaluation results with microbenchmarks and application benchmarks show that HyperLoop can reduce 99th percentile latency ≈800x with close to 0% CPU consumption on replicas.
- HotNetsGeneric External Memory for Switch Data PlanesDaehyeok Kim, Yibo Zhu, Changhoon Kim, Jeongkeun Lee, and Srinivasan SeshanIn Proceedings of the 17th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks (HotNets), 2018.
Network switches are an attractive vantage point to serve various network applications and functions such as load balancing and virtual switching because of their in-network location and high packet processing rate. Recent advances in programmable switch ASICs open more opportunities


text:
PURPOSE Several studies have examined the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk and progression, however nearly all of these studies have compared diabetic versus non-diabetic men. We sought to investigate the role of glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c, on PCa aggressiveness and prognosis in men with DM and PCa from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. METHODS We identified 247 men in SEARCH with DM and a recorded HbA1c value within the 12 months prior to radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2009. We divided these men into tertiles by HbA1c level. The associations between HbA1c tertiles and risk of adverse pathology and biochemical recurrence were tested using multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. RESULTS Median HbA1c level was 6.9. On multivariate analysis, HbA1c tertiles were predictive of pathological Gleason score (P-trend = 0.001). Relative to the first tertile, men in the second (OR 4.68, P = 0.003) and third tertile (OR 6.60, P < 0.001) were more likely to have Gleason score ≥4 + 3. HbA1c tertiles were not associated with margin status, node status, extracapsular extension or seminal vesicle invasion (all P-trend > 0.2). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, increasing HbA1c tertiles were not significantly related to risk of biochemical recurrence (P-trend = 0.56). CONCLUSION Men with higher HbA1c levels presented with more biologically aggressive prostate tumors at radical prostatectomy. Although risk of recurrence was unrelated to HbA1c levels, further studies are needed to better explore the importance of glycemic control on long-term outcomes in diabetic men with PCa.
- Prostate cancer
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
Impact assessment of contaminants in soil is an important issue in environmental quality study and remediation of contaminated land. A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) 'fingerprinting' technique was exhibited to detect genotoxin-induced DNA damage of plants from heavy metal contaminated soil. This study compared the effects occurring at molecular and population levels in barley seedlings exposed to cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil. Results indicate that reduction of root growth and increase of total soluble protein level in the root tips of barley seedlings occurred with the ascending Cd concentrations. For the RAPD analyses, nine 10-base pair (bp) random RAPD primers (decamers) with 60-70% GC content were found to produce unique polymorphic band patterns and subsequently were used to produce a total of 129 RAPD fragments of _PHONE_ base pair in molecular size in the root tips of control seedlings. Results produced from nine primers indicate that the changes occurring in RAPD profiles of the root tips following Cd treatment included alterations in band intensity as well as gain or loss of bands compared with the control seedlings. New amplified fragments at molecular size from approximately 154 to 2245 bp appeared almost for 10, 20 and 40 mg L-1 Cd with 9 primers (one-four new polymerase chain reaction, (PCR) products), and the number of missing bands enhanced with the increasing Cd concentration for nine primers. These results suggest that genomic template stability reflecting changes in RAPD profiles were significantly affected and it compared favourably with the traditional indices such as growth and soluble protein level at the above Cd concentrations. The DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD can be applied as a suitable biomarker assay for detection of the genotoxic effects of Cd stress in soil on plants. As a tool in risk assessment the RAPD assay can be used in characterisation of Cd hazard in soil. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Liu, W., Yang, Y. S., Li, P. J., Zhou, Q. X., Xie, L. J., & Han, Y. P. (2009). Risk assessment of cadmium-contaminated soil on plant DNA damage using RAPD and physiological indices. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161(2–3), 878–883. _URL_


Altair® Monarch®

Locating a Specific Row or Column in a Table or Summary
When your tables or summaries include a large number of rows or columns, you may find locating a specific record tedious. You can go to a specific row or column in a table or summary by clicking the Go to Row button in the Table or Summary View ribbon.
Doing so launches the Go to Row/Column dialog.

Specify a row number or column to go to and then click OK when you are finished.

NOTES:
 - Instead of using column numbers, you can opt to look for a specific column name. Tick the box for Use column names in the dialog to display a drop-down from which you can select a column name to go to.
 - To search for a specific item in your table, use the Go to row and Go to column options simultaneously.
 - Tick the box for Use column names if you prefer to search for a specific column name to go to instead.
 - For complex summaries, only column numbers may be available.


Social History for Every Classroom
Social History for Every Classroom
menuAmerican Social History Project · Center for Media and Learning
 - Item Type > Teaching Activity (x)
We found 12 items that match your search
Who Fought for the Confederacy?
In this activity students compare and contrast a political cartoon and a letter to the editor from 1862 that describe ordinary soldiers who fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War.
Who Fought for the Union?
Active Viewing: Abraham and Mary Lincoln: A House Divided
PBS American Experience's Abraham and Mary Lincoln: A House Divided is a 6 episode mini-series available as a 3 DVD set. The following activity focuses on the causes and consequences of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation through an active [...]
Lessons in Looking: Contraband in Paintings
"In Defense of My Race and Country": African-American Soldiers on Why They Are Fighting
In this activity students read three letters written by African-American soldiers during the Civil War to determine why black soldiers felt compelled to join the Union Army.
Who Freed the Slaves During the Civil War?
Create a Magic Lantern Show: Freedpeople in the Reconstruction South
What This Cruel War Was Over: Slavery and the Civil War
In this activity students will examine how attitudes towards slavery and the Civil War changed between 1860 and 1865. What began in the minds of President Lincoln and most northerners as a war to preserve the union changed, over the course of the [...]
New Liberties and New Threats During Reconstruction
This activity features differentiation and scaffolding to help students understand the new social freedoms and new threats to the families of freedmen during Reconstruction. Students work in heterogeneous skill-level groups to analyze several [...]


in right direction). Turns out we can get away without height recalculations that involve looking at childs, and the double rotation case can be implemented in one merged step that is less than twice the work of a single rotation. I have a few scribblings to "prove" the optimizations: single rotation, double rotation. Note that the code was slightly adapted when I switched to heights-of-childs values.
Here is the implementation for the two cases:
/*
 * Rotation case 1 ("single rotation"), in right direction
 */
static struct SIL_AVLhead *SIL_AVL_rotate_right_1(struct SIL_AVLhead *head)
{
 struct SIL_AVLhead *parent = head->parent;
 struct SIL_AVLhead *b = head->left;
 struct SIL_AVLhead *c = head->left->right;
 struct SIL_AVLhead *d = head;
 d->left = c;
 d->parent = b;
 d->lh = b->rh;
 b->right = d;
 b->parent = parent;
 b->rh += 1;
 if (c)
 c->parent = d;
 if (parent->left == head)
 parent->left = b;
 else {
 assert(parent->right == head);
 parent->right = b;
 }
 return b;
}
/*
 * Rotation case 2 ("rotation after child rotation"), in right direction
 */
static struct SIL_AVLhead *SIL_AVL_rotate_right_2(struct SIL_AVLhead *head)
{
 struct SIL_AVLhead *parent = head->parent;
 struct SIL_AVLhead *b = head->left;
 struct SIL_AVLhead *c = head->left->right;
 struct SIL_AVLhead *cx = head->left->right->left;
 struct SIL_AVLhead *cy = head->left->right->right;
 struct SIL_AVLhead *d = head;
 b->right = cx;
 b->parent = c;
 b->rh = c->lh;
 if (cx)
 cx->parent = b;
 d->left = cy;
 d->parent = c;
 d->lh = c->rh;
 if (cy)
 cy->parent = d;
 c->left = b;
 c->right = d;
 c->parent = parent;
 c->lh = b->lh + 1;
 c->rh = d->rh + 1;
 if (parent->left == head)
 parent->left = c;
 else {
 assert(parent->right == head);
 parent->right = c;
 }
 return c;
}
Created: 2017-04-09
Last update: 2017-04-11


calc_AliquotSize
0th
Percentile
Estimate the amount of grains on an aliquot
Estimate the number of grains on an aliquot. Alternatively, the packing density of an aliquot is computed.
Usage
calc_AliquotSize(grain.size, sample.diameter, packing.density = 0.65,
 MC = TRUE, grains.counted, plot = TRUE, ...)
Arguments
grain.size
numeric (required): mean grain size (microns) or a range of grain sizes from which the mean grain size is computed (e.g. c(100,200)).
sample.diameter
numeric (required): diameter (mm) of the targeted area on the sample carrier.
packing.density
numeric (with default): empirical value for mean packing density. If packing.density = "Inf" a hexagonal structure on an infinite plane with a packing density of \(0.906\ldots\) is assumed.
MC
logical (optional): if TRUE the function performs a monte carlo simulation for estimating the amount of grains on the sample carrier and assumes random errors in grain size distribution and packing density. Requires a vector with min and max grain size for grain.size. For more information see details.
grains.counted
numeric (optional): grains counted on a sample carrier. If a non-zero positive integer is provided this function will calculate the packing density of the aliquot. If more than one value is provided the mean packing density and its standard deviation is calculated. Note that this overrides packing.density.
plot
logical (with default): plot output (TRUE/FALSE)
...
further arguments to pass (main, xlab, MC.iter).
Details
This function can be used to either estimate the number of grains on an aliquot or to compute the packing density depending on the the arguments provided.
The following function is used to estimate the number of grains n:
$$n = (\pi*x^2)/(\pi*y^2)*d$$
where x is the radius of the aliquot size (microns), y is the mean radius of the mineral grains (mm) and d is the packing density (value between 0 and 1).
Packing density
The default value for packing.density is 0.65, which is the mean of empirical values determined by Heer et al. (2012) and unpublished data from the Cologne luminescence laboratory. If packing.density = "Inf" a maximum density of \(\pi/\sqrt12 = 0.9068\ldots\) is used. However, note that this value is not appropriate as the standard preparation procedure of aliquots resembles a PECC ("Packing Equal Circles in a Circle") problem where the maximum packing density is asymptotic to about 0.87.
Monte Carlo simulation
The number of grains on an aliquot can be estimated by Monte Carlo simulation when setting MC = TRUE. Each of the parameters necessary to calculate n (x, y, d) are assumed to be normally distributed with means \(\mu_x, \mu_y, \mu_d\) and standard deviations \(\sigma_x, \sigma_y, \sigma_d\).
For the mean grain size random samples are taken first from \(N(\mu_y, \sigma_y)\), where \(\mu_y = mean.grain.size\) and \(\sigma_y = (max.grain.size-min.grain.size)/4\) so that 95% of all grains are within the provided the grain size range. This effectively takes into account that after sieving the sample there is still a small chance of having grains smaller or larger than the used mesh sizes. For each random sample the mean grain size is calculated, from which random subsamples are drawn for the Monte Carlo simulation.
The packing density is assumed to be normally distributed with an empirically determined \(\mu = 0.65\) (or provided value) and \(\sigma = 0.18\). The normal distribution is truncated at d = 0.87 as this is approximately the maximum packing density that can be achieved in PECC problem.
The sample diameter has \(\mu = sample.diameter\) and \(\sigma = 0.2\) to take into account variations in sample disc preparation (i.e. applying silicon spray to the disc). A lower truncation point at x = 0.5 is used, which assumes that aliqouts with smaller sample diameters of 0.5 mm are discarded. Likewise, the normal distribution is truncated at 9.8 mm, which is the diameter of the sample disc.
For each random sample drawn from the normal distributions the amount of grains on the aliquot is calculated. By default, 10^5 iterations are used, but can be reduced/increased with MC.iter (see ...). The results are visualised in a bar- and boxplot together with a statistical summary.
Value
Returns a terminal output. In addition an '>RLum.Results object is returned containing the following element:
.$summary
data.frame summary of all relevant calculation results.
.$args
list used arguments
.$call
call the function call
.$MC
list results of the Monte Carlo simulation
The output should be accessed using the function get_RLum.
Function version
0.31 (2018-01-21 17:22:38)
How to cite
Burow, C. (2018). calc_AliquotSize(): Estimate the amount of grains on an aliquot. Function version 0.31. In: Kreutzer, S., Burow, C., Dietze, M., Fuchs, M.C., Schmidt, C., Fischer, M., Friedrich, J. (2018). Luminescence: Comprehensive Luminescence Dating Data Analysis. R package version 0.8.6. _URL_
References
Duller, G.A.T., 2008. Single-grain optical dating of Quaternary sediments: why aliquot size matters in luminescence dating. Boreas 37, 589-612.
Heer, A.J., Adamiec, G., Moska, P., 2012. How many grains are there on a single aliquot?. Ancient TL 30, 9-16.
Further reading
Chang, H.-C., Wang, L.-C., 2010. A simple proof of Thue's Theorem on Circle Packing. _URL_ 2013-09-13.
Graham, R.L., Lubachevsky, B.D., Nurmela, K.J., Oestergard, P.R.J., 1998. Dense packings of congruent circles in a circle. Discrete Mathematics 181, 139-154.
Huang, W., Ye, T., 2011. Global optimization method for finding dense packings of equal circles in a circle. European Journal of Operational Research 210, 474-481.
Aliases
 - calc_AliquotSize
Examples
# NOT RUN {
## Estimate the amount of grains on a small aliquot
calc_AliquotSize(grain.size = c(100,150), sample.diameter = 1, MC.iter = 100)
## Calculate the mean packing density of large aliquots
calc_AliquotSize(grain.size = c(100,200), sample.diameter = 8,
 grains.counted = c(2525,2312,2880), MC.iter = 100)
# }
Documentation reproduced from package Luminescence, version 0.8.6, License: GPL-3
Community examples
Looks like there are no examples yet.


Talking about psychology: description of my gotoAndSki talk
gotoAndSki('Switzerland') is only a few weeks away(!), and I absolutely can't wait!
There will be a lot of great sessions to see. My talk will evolve around the field of cognitive psychology.
Cognitive psychology is about how we learn. How we perceive. How we react to things we interact with.
When designing interactive experiences for humans, knowing how we learn, perceive, react and memorize is crucial. And yet, we rarely hear about cognitive psychology in discussions about interaction design. Sure, areas like emotional design and persuasive design are buzzwords these days, but where do these "theories" really come from? They come from the field of cognitive psychology.
In my session, I want to take a step back and tell about why people react how they react. I'm going to provide important insight into human behavior, and show how we can use this knowledge to create even better interactive experiences.
If you haven't picked up your ticket to gotoAndSki('Switzerland'), make sure to do so now. There are only a few ones left :)
See you in the Swiss Alps!
Leave a Reply


text:
Lesson Plan: For Teachers: The One to Watch
Ask: What qualities or personality traits make you different and even unique? What characteristics do you have that make you "stand out from the crowd"? Invite students to share their ideas about famous people who they think have traits that are memorable and obvious to the public. Focus the conversation on Jean Chrétien. Brainstorm a class list of his characteristics or personality traits. Explain to the class that the young Chrétien was often touted as "the one to watch."
Outline the Opportunity
Have students work in small groups to explore the following clips from the topic Jean Chrétien: From Pool Hall to Parliament Hill on the CBC Digital Archives website:
"The political up-and-comer", "Le petit gars de Shawinigan", "Finally Finance", "The dealmaker", and "Losing the Liberal leadership"
Students will browse the clips to
find words, phrases, or quotes that describe Chrétien's personality, along with
any supporting details or background information they deem relevant. Provide
students with the download sheet The One to Watch to record their information.
Some notes are already included.
Using details from the class list and their download sheets, students will work independently to write a newspaper article that describes Chrétien. They can write a feature, an editorial, or any newspaper element of their choice, but the article must explain why Chrétien was considered the one to watch.
Revisit and Reflect
Invite students to share their articles with the class. Students should be prepared to ask and answer questions. Have students submit their articles to include in a special edition class newspaper for posting on the school website or on a class bulletin board.
Students can compare the information they gathered with the biography posted on the National Library of Canada.


Amelia Nagoski
 - Burnout
 - 'This book is a gift! I've been practicing their strategies, and it's a total game-changer.' Brené Brown, PhD, author of the #1 New York Times bestseller DARE TO LEAD
 This groundbreaking book explains why women experience burnout differently than men - and provides a simple, science-based plan to help women minimize stress, manage emotions and live a more joyful life.
 The gap between what it's really like to be a woman and what people expect women to be is a primary cause of burnout, because we exhaust ourselves trying to close the space between the two. How can you 'love your body' when everything around you tells you you're inadequate? How do you 'lean in' at work when you're already giving 110% and aren't recognized for it? How can you live happily and healthily in a world that is constantly telling you you're too fat, too needy, too noisy and too selfish? Sisters Emily Nagoski, Ph.D., the bestselling author of Come as You Are, and Amelia Nagoski, DMA, are here to help end the cycle of overwhelm and exhaustion, and confront the obstacles that stand between women and well-being. With insights from the latest science, prescriptive advice, and helpful worksheets and exercises, Burnout reveals:
 * what you can do to complete the biological stress cycle - and return your body to a state of relaxation.
 * how to manage the'monitor' in your brain that regulates the emotion of frustration.
 * how the Bikini Industrial Complex makes it difficult for women to love their bodies - and how to fight back.
 Eye-opening, compassionate and optimistic, Burnout will completely transform the way we think about and manage stress, empowering women to thrive under pressure and enjoy meaningful yet balanced lives. All women will find something transformative in these pages - and be empowered to create positive and lasting change.
Amelia Nagoski is a conductor with a DMA in conducting from the University of Connecticut. An assistant professor and coordinator of music at Western New England university, she regularly presents educational sessions discussing application of communications science and psychological research for audiences of other professional musicians, including 'Beyond Burnout Prevention: Embodied Wellness for Conductors'.
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Ideas in Geometry/Instructive examples/Section 1.2 problem
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y=x^20-23x+4 at point x=0 f(x)=x^20-23x+4 f(x) is the slope of tangent line of this equation f(x)=20x^19-23 through calculus we that f(x)=x^a+....... (f^/)(x)=(a(x)^a-1)+...... f^/(x)is the slope of f(x) that is proven
f(x)=20x^19-23 at x=0 f(x)=(20(0)^19)-23 f(x)=-23 means the slope is -23 at x=0 y=0^20-23(0)+4 y=4
y=mx+b tangent line equation y=4 m=-23 x=0 4=-23(0)+b 4=b
so the equation is...... y=-23x+4 of the tangent line


text: Towards a systems toxicology-based risk assessment, we investigated molecular perturbations accompanying histopathological changes in a 28-day rat inhalation study combining transcriptomics with classical histopathology. We demonstrated reduced biological activity of a prototypic modified risk tobacco product (pMRTP) compared with the reference research cigarette 3R4F. Rats were exposed to filtered air or to three concentrations of mainstream smoke (MS) from 3R4F, or to a high concentration of MS from a pMRTP. Histopathology revealed concentration-dependent changes in response to 3R4F that were irritative stress-related in nasal and bronchial epithelium, and inflammation-related in the lung parenchyma. For pMRTP, significant changes were seen in the nasal epithelium only. Transcriptomics data were obtained from nasal and bronchial epithelium and lung parenchyma. Concentration-dependent gene expression changes were observed following 3R4F exposure, with much smaller changes for pMRTP. A computational-modeling approach based on causal models of tissue-specific biological networks identified cell stress, inflammation, proliferation, and senescence as the most perturbed molecular mechanisms. These perturbations correlated with histopathological observations. Only weak perturbations were observed for pMRTP. In conclusion, a correlative evaluation of classical histopathology together with gene expression-based computational network models may facilitate a systems toxicology-based risk assessment, as shown for a pMRTP.


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|Connect with Nature
Saskatoon (Amelanchier species)
Also known as: serviceberry, june-berry
General: Saskatoon plants vary from shrub to small tree size. A single stem may be less than 30 cm high, whereas a clump of small trees may be over 6 metres tall.
Leaves & Twigs: Leaves are oval-shaped, and slightly longer (about 2–6 cm) than they are wide. In the West, leaves are usually rounded at the tip and straight across at the base, with coarse "teeth" on the upper half. In the East, leaves are pointed with teeth all around the edges.
Flowers & Fruit: The flowers appear in clusters of five to 11 white flowers, often before the leaves are fully opened. Small clusters of reddish-purple to black berries develop in early summer.
Habitat: Especially common in the West, saskatoon plants prefer well-drained, coarse-textured soils. In the East, these shrubs often are found in wetter soils.
Sampling: Tag a typical shrub for observation.


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One of the key things that differentiates human beings from other animals is that human beings have passion. Apart from the regular work that a man does, he also does work that he is passionate about. Some are interested in collecting stamps or antiques, some are passionate about charitable works. Again some people are passionate about growing plants – they love gardening or farming. However, gardening or farming comes with its own set of challenges. One such challenge is to keep the soil suitable for farming when the farming season comes. Fortunately, a very simple tool exists that helps in fertilizing the soil. Read on to know more.
Traditionally, people used to till the soil before planting crops. However, today people are starting to realize that tilling actually lowers the quality of the soil. So what can be an alternate way to work the soil? Enter : Andre Grelinin. This man developed a tool that can be used to aerate the soil without harming it. The tool is known as grelinette. It's popular name is broadfork. Today this tool is hugely popular among the farming community and can be easily bought from online stores like _URL_.
Speciality of Grelinette
Unlike tiller, a broadfork or grelinette does not mix the topsoil and subsoil while aerating. How is that possible? To understand that, one has to first know what a grelinette looks like. A grelinette has a horizontal bar with several tines. The bar has a handle on either side of it. To aerate the soil with the tool, one has to drive the pointy spikes of it into the soil and then he has to pull the handles downward. This makes airy channels inside the soil. And since it only loosens up the soil, there is no fear of mixing the topsoil and subsoil. A broadfork spares the worms residing underneath the topsoil from displacement. These worms help in fertilizing the soil and displacing them harms the soil.
Types of Grelinette
There are many types of grelinette or broadforks. One has to examine his needs first and then buy it. If you visit sites like _URL_, you can see the various types of grelinettes being sold there. Each of them has unique qualities. Some of these grelinettes are listed below –
- Silverline 229673 Handmade garden cultivator – This is a four pronged grelinette with wich you can not only aerate the soil but can also turn it. Head L x W: 140 x 90mm.
- Spear & Jackson 81210 Rotating fork – Some say that a grelinette is useless in soils where there is clay. But with this, you can easily break clods.
- GC 820-06 Garden Claw – This can be used on a smaller scale. The handles are designed ergonomically.
- Spear & Jackson 81216 Biofurche 4 TeethThis 4 pronged grelinette is helpful in working the soil without giving you any back pain or body aches.
Grelinette is a versatile tool that can be used in any soil condition. You will be surprised to know that such a useful tool does not cost a fortune. Visit the above mentioned website to get grelinette without burning a hole in your pocket.


too warm makes it hard to sleep.
As if lying down and the possibility of feeling some acid reflux wasn't enough, spicy foods can make it all worse. The acidity can even make it harder for people with sleep apnea to catch some zzz's, because it may irritate the airways.
It's no secret that being warm often makes it harder to sleep. Researchers even theorized that maybe an increase in body temperature after eating extremely spicy food affects sleep quality. Tabasco sauce, for example, has an ingredient that can stimulate the metabolism.


Problem solve Get help with specific problems with your technologies, process and projects.
NT Recovery Options
NT Recovery Options
NT has several recovery options that can be set ahead of time to help diagnose and recover from a system failure. These options are set using the Control Panel System applet. To set the options, open up the Control Panel System applet and select the Startup/Shutdown tab. There are several options listed under the recovery section:
Write an event to the system log: This option enters an alert to the machines system log.
Send an administrator alert: This option issues an administrative alert to the users specified in the Alerts portion of the Server Manager Administrative Tool. To set up the alert entries, open the Server Manager and double-click on the server in question.
Write debugging information to: This option enables the memory dump file. Check the Write debugging information to box and specify the name of a file in which to save the dump information. The default is %SYSTEMROOT%MEMORY.DMP.
Automatically reboot: This option causes the system to reboot immediately after a crash without the need for manual intervention. This option can be important if the crash occurs at a time when the server is not being monitored.
Source: Windows NT Backup & Recovery, Osborne, 1998
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Design of low cost, low emission marine propulsion systems
Ricardo marine propulsion experts used state-of-the-art computer aided engineering (CAE) software to evaluate the environmental and commercial performance of different marine propulsion system architectures under a range of different usage scenarios.
The work focused on the requirements of a typical harbour tugboat operating in a medium-sized European port. The general characteristics of the vessel were assumed to be a length of 35m, beam of 14m and draft of 5m, with a bollard pull of some 50 tonnes. Two alternative propulsion system configurations were considered for this vessel:
A high-efficiency conventional mechanical architecture, comprising two diesel engines powering respectively a port and starboard propeller by direct drive via a gearbox.
A hybrid electrical propulsion system based on two natural gas engine generator sets providing power to battery banks, with separate electric motors driving each propeller.
The study demonstrated the value of applying CAE simulation tools at the very earliest stages of vessel design or of repowering. From assessing the likely usage profile, the CAE tools allowed for the early assessment of detailed considerations of environmental performance, capital and operational expenditure requirements, and likely return on investment.


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19 Sep 2013
Ready to Feed More Children Free School Meals
We at Harrison were delighted to hear the announcement from Nick Clegg that from September 2014, all children in the first three years of maintained primary education (ages 5-7 years) will be offered free school meals.
Establishing patterns of varied and healthy eating during the early school years is the best way to ensure that young children take these habits with them through childhood and into their teenage years. This Government initiative will not only help children learn about healthy food early on, but hopefully will ensure that all children, irrespective of background, will receive one nutritious meal each school day that will positively influence both their physical and mental health and well-being.
Providing children with great-tasting, nutritious meals, prepared from fresh ingredients cooked on-site, is what we do best at Harrison – it's what we've been doing since 1994 – and we will look forward to being able to feed many more children every day in the future thanks to this important initiative.


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On 4 November 2022, Hensoldt announced that their newly-developed SferiRec LCR100 compact flight recorder has received ED-155 and ETSO-2C197 certification from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The SferiRec LCR100 is equipped with modern sensors to record flight, datalink, video and audio data. These are used are used for data analysis after an aviation accident to determine faults, causes, and so help to prevent future accidents.
The SferiRec LCR100 flight recorder has various interfaces with different data formats to record altitude, position, speed, engine data and other relevant information. The integrated sensors include a built-in microphone for ambient noise, three-axis gyroscope and accelerometer, a temperature sensor, a GPS receiver and an air pressure sensor. Weighing just 1 kg, the recorder unifies all recording functions that were previously distributed among different devices. Flight data as well as maintenance data can be read out on an accessible SD card. Due to its low weight, volume and power consumption, the flight recorder can be used to equip light aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), as well as heavier aircraft.


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Best Practices for Scaling the Windows Forms DataGridView Control
The DataGridView control is designed to provide maximum scalability. If you need to display large amounts of data, you should follow the guidelines described in this topic to avoid consuming large amounts of memory or degrading the responsiveness of the user interface (UI). This topic discusses the following issues:
 - Using cell styles efficiently
 - Using shortcut menus efficiently
 - Using automatic resizing efficiently
 - Using the selected cells, rows, and columns collections efficiently
 - Using shared rows
 - Preventing rows from becoming unshared
If you have special performance needs, you can implement virtual mode and provide your own data management operations. For more information, see Data Display Modes in the Windows Forms DataGridView Control.
Each cell, row, and column can have its own style information. Style information is stored in DataGridViewCellStyle objects. Creating cell style objects for many individual DataGridView elements can be inefficient, especially when working with large amounts of data. To avoid a performance impact, use the following guidelines:
Each cell, row, and column can have its own shortcut menu. Shortcut menus in the DataGridView control are represented by ContextMenuStrip controls. Just as with cell style objects, creating shortcut menus for many individual DataGridView elements will negatively impact performance. To avoid this penalty, use the following guidelines:
 - Avoid creating shortcut menus for individual cells and rows. This includes the row template, which is cloned along with its shortcut menu when new rows are added to the control. For maximum scalability, use only the control's ContextMenuStrip property to specify a single shortcut menu for the entire control.
 - If you require multiple shortcut menus for multiple rows or cells, handle the CellContextMenuStripNeeded or RowContextMenuStripNeeded events. These events let you manage the shortcut menu objects yourself, allowing you to tune performance.
Rows, columns, and headers can be automatically resized as cell content changes so that the entire contents of cells are displayed without clipping. Changing sizing modes can also resize rows, columns, and headers. To determine the correct size, the DataGridView control must examine the value of each cell that it must accommodate. When working with large data sets, this analysis can negatively impact the performance of the control when automatic resizing occurs. To avoid performance penalties, use the following guidelines:
For more information, see Sizing Options in the Windows Forms DataGridView Control.
The SelectedCells collection does not perform efficiently with large selections. The SelectedRows and SelectedColumns collections can also be inefficient, although to a lesser degree because there are many fewer rows than cells in a typical DataGridView control, and many fewer columns than rows. To avoid performance penalties when working with these collections, use the following guidelines:
Efficient memory use is achieved in the DataGridView control through shared rows. Rows will share as much information about their appearance and behavior as possible by sharing instances of the DataGridViewRow class.
While sharing row instances saves memory, rows can easily become unshared. For example, whenever a user interacts directly with a cell, its row becomes unshared. Because this cannot be avoided, the guidelines in this topic are useful only when working with very large amounts of data and only when users will interact with a relatively small part of the data each time your program is run.
A row cannot be shared in an unbound DataGridView control if any of its cells contain values. When the DataGridView control is bound to an external data source or when you implement virtual mode and provide your own data source, the cell values are stored outside the control rather than in cell objects, allowing the rows to be shared.
A row object can only be shared if the state of all its cells can be determined from the state of the row and the states of the columns containing the cells. If you change the state of a cell so that it can no longer be deduced from the state of its row and column, the row cannot be shared.
For example, a row cannot be shared in any of the following situations:
In bound mode or virtual mode, you can provide ToolTips and shortcut menus for individual cells by handling the CellToolTipTextNeeded and CellContextMenuStripNeeded events.
The DataGridView control will automatically attempt to use shared rows whenever rows are added to the DataGridViewRowCollection. Use the following guidelines to ensure that rows are shared:
To determine whether a row is shared, use the DataGridViewRowCollection.SharedRow method to retrieve the row object, and then check the object's Index property. Shared rows always have an Index property value of –1.
Shared rows can become unshared as a result of code or user action. To avoid a performance impact, you should avoid causing rows to become unshared. During application development, you can handle the RowUnshared event to determine when rows become unshared. This is useful when debugging row-sharing problems.
To prevent rows from becoming unshared, use the following guidelines:
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text: Chladni figures are a visual manifestation of sound vibrations. On the basis of his studies of sounding bodies Chladni has been called the father of acoustics. In 1787 he investigated the vibrations of flat plates, and the patterns produced by certain sounds. He scattered fine sand evenly over a horizontal glass plate, clamped at one end, and set it in vibration with a violin bow; symmetrical patterns were formed where the sand gathered. That is, the black lines represented the parts of the plate that vibrated least and sand collected in the areas that were relatively still. Chladni's interest in the figures arose from hearing different sounds produced by vibrating plates: "I had observed that a sheet of glass or metal gave very different tones if it was struck when held in different positions". He then related these different tones to the patterns of vibration of the plates, which could be shown by configurations in the sand. The sounds and patterns varied with the points at which the plate was held. Initially round plates were used, and he experimented with a variety of shapes, like triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, semicircular, and elliptical plates. However, bowing square plates became the standard procedure. One of the features of the Chladni figures is that they could be analysed quantitatively. Chladni is shown in an array of figures formed by vibrating a flat, sand-strewn plate.


text: But if we take a full mineral water bottle and hold it upside down, then there is a series of fights going on between the liquid, which is trying to get out under the pull of gravitation, and the air, which is trying to push its way past the liquid to fill up the space in the bottle. Sometimes the air pushes back the water, and sometimes the water pushes back the air. This means that the air is thrown into little disturbances, which we hear as gurgles. We say that water gurgles, but it is the air that is disturbed by this contest between it and the water. We call these disturbances 'gurgles'.


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Monitoring Kikuletwa river levels in northern Tanzania: A data set unlocking insights for effective flood early warning systems
MetadataShow full item record
Floods are a recurring natural disaster that pose significant risks to communities and infrastructure. The lack of reliable and accurate data on river systems in developing countries has hindered the development of effective flood early warning systems. This paper presents a data set collected using ultrasonic distance sensors installed at two locations along the Kikuletwa River in the Pangani River Basin, Northern Tanzania. The dataset consists of hourly measurements of river water levels, providing a high-resolution time series that can be used to study trends in water level changes and to develop more accurate flood early warning systems. The Kikuletwa River dataset has significant potential applications for flood management, including the calibration and validation of hydrological models, the identification of critical thresholds for flood warning, and the evaluation of flood forecasting techniques. The dataset can also be used to study the hydrological processes in the basin, such as the relationship between rainfall and river discharge, and to develop more efficient and effective flood management strategies. The ultrasonic distance sensors were configured to record river level data at hourly intervals, providing a continuous time series of river levels. The data was subjected to quality control procedures to ensure accuracy and consistency, and missing or erroneous data was corrected or removed where necessary.


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A bass voice or singer
Sound uttered by the mouth, especially that uttered by human beings in speech or song; steven; sound thus uttered considered as possessing some special quality or character; as, the human voice; a pleasant voice; a low voice.
The low gear configuration of a transmission.
Any of numerous cold-blooded vertebrate animals that live in water. Fish have gills for obtaining oxygen, a lateral line for sensing pressure changes in the water, and a vertical tail. Most fish are covered with scales and have limbs in the form of fins. Fish were once classified together as a single group, but are now known to compose numerous evolutionarily distinct classes, including the bony fish, cartilaginous fish, jawless fish, lobe-finned fish, and placoderms .
A low female singing voice; a contralto.
Find another word for basses. In this page you can discover 8 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for basses, like: bassi, voices, lows, jewfishes, fishes, altos, singers and deeps.


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The recent UNESCO listing of traditional North African metal craftsmanship has cast a new spotlight on this ancient art form, bringing international recognition and revitalizing interest in a cultural heritage that spans centuries. This acknowledgment by UNESCO underlines the significance of metal art in North Africa's cultural and historical identity and promises to breathe new life into these traditional practices.
Metal art in North Africa, a skill passed down through generations, is a testament to the region's rich history and artisanal ingenuity. The art form, encompassing intricate metalwork in gold, silver, copper, and brass, is renowned for its elaborate designs and detailed craftsmanship. It forms an integral part of the cultural fabric in countries like Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt, where artisans create everything from jewelry and household items to ornamental architectural features.
The UNESCO listing is not just a nod to the artistic value of these works; it's a crucial step in preserving a craft at risk of fading into obscurity. In recent years, the traditional metalworking techniques have been threatened by mass production and a dwindling number of skilled artisans. This international recognition aims to revitalize the craft, encouraging the younger generation to learn and preserve these age-old techniques.
Furthermore, this recognition is anticipated to boost tourism and local economies. It draws global attention to the unique cultural offerings of North Africa, inviting tourists and art connoisseurs to explore the region's heritage. For local artisans, it provides a much-needed platform to showcase their work on an international stage, potentially opening up new markets.
In summary, UNESCO's listing of North African metal art is a significant milestone. It not only celebrates a rich cultural heritage but also offers hope for the preservation and continuation of this exquisite art form.


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Do you enjoy a walk in the woods, through meadows and along stream corridors? Thousands of people enjoy getting close to nature and understand the importance of preserving our natural areas. Yet most of us have had little opportunity to learn much about the wild creatures and plants that surround us. Think about how much richer your outdoor experience will be when you can identify birds, trees, plants or insects and understand how they relate to each other as well as to us.
Taught by faculty from local colleges and universities, our Learning the Language of Nature series will give you that knowledge.
Each course consists of 6 weeknight classes and 3 Saturday morning field trips. All classes are held at Watershed Center in Hopewell Township. Field trips take place on the Watershed Reserve and at other natural sites around New Jersey. Enrollment is limited to 15 people per course.
There are no tests, papers, or projects. All that is required is interest and attendance. Students who complete four courses will earn a Citizen Naturalist certificate from the Watershed Association and a Watershed fleece vest.


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Connect with the inner Goddess inside you using a crystal stone that eliminates the negative energies that surround you.
If you are in search of something that can ground you and balance the physical, emotional and intellectual aspects of your life, start using the Natural Orange Agate Yoni Egg. This yoni egg measures 2.28 x 1.73 inches and weighs around 147-160 grams.
The Orange Agate stone is known for its ability to bring calmness and strength to you. It works in its own pace, giving you the facilities to accept who you are as a person. It addresses the inner anger you might have and gives you the courage to let go and to carry on.
The Natural Orange Agate Yoni Egg has the power to stimulate healing in the different areas of our lives. It can address physical discomforts such as those affecting the reproductive and digestive systems. For women who might be having trouble conceiving, you can try using this Orange colored crystal stone. When the Natural Orange Agate Yoni Egg is inserted in the vagina, this helps in strengthening the vaginal muscles. As the blood circulation and stimulation improve, the more your orgasms will intensify.
As the Natural Orange Agate Yoni Egg is able to get rid of negative energies and channel positives ones instead, you will be able to heal from emotional afflictions that are affecting your life. When you have managed to bring balance to the different fragments of your life, your heart will be much more stable. In addition, the use of the Orange Agate Yoni Egg has the capability to harmonize the yin and the yang.
||2.28 x 1.73 in
|Healing Properties/ Health Benefits
||Stimulates healing, Improves blood circulation, Used in Kegel exercises - strengthen vaginal muscles, Helps with fertility, Helps intensify orgasms, Heals Reproductive and digestive systems, Strengthens lymphatic system, Eliminates and transform negative energies, Heals emotional distress, Offers emotional balance, Stabilizes the aura, Encourages clarity and purity of heart, Builds self-confidence, Improves concentration and perception


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The rise in skin cancer diagnoses in Scotland over the past 20 years has led researchers to uncover a common underlying cause in one of the most widespread forms of the disease.
A study by the University of Dundee and the Beatson Institute in Glasgow aimed to increase understanding of what drives the condition.
The rate of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), a potentially devastating form of the disease, is rapidly rising and has more than doubled in Scotland over the last 20 years.
In order to gain a fuller picture of the processes driving cSCC, the research team examined the cell type from which they originate.
By genetically sequencing human tumours, they were able to demonstrate inactivating mutations of two genes, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2, occurring at relatively high frequency.
Functional analysis of these mutations revealed that they commonly impair the effects of TGF-aplha signalling, a key tumour suppressor pathway in skin cells.
Dr Gareth Inman, of the University of Dundee's School of Medicine, said: "Less is understood about the specific mechanisms that drive the formation of this particular form of skin cancer.
"Ultimately, the effect of this is a restricted number of treatment options that are available for patients with advanced forms of disease. We are really excited about our latest data, which indicates that the inactivation of TGF-alpha signalling may be a common early event in the formation of human cSCC and that some of these cancers may originate in specific stem cell compartments.
"With these intriguing insights into the biology of this disease we are hopeful - through future investigations - that we can make significant strides towards defining future novel therapeutics, to the benefit of patients."


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The smallest atom is helium at ~30pm
, a very large atom like caesium is ~225pm
. Salt obviously varies in size but let's say it's particularly fine at 100μm
then a helium atom is ~3 millionth of the size and a caesium atom is ~0.5 millionth of the size. So if a helium atom was as large as a grain of salt a grain of salt would be ~100m wide and for a caesium atom it would be ~16m wide.
I'm pretty sure my math is correct there