text:
After getting many five-star reviews on Amazon Japan, the highly praised educational picture book by Yoko Imoto finally lands to iPad. In addition to Imoto's heart warming illustrations, the iPad app's built-in interactivity brings many parents and kids to have fun while learning elementary Japanese.
Touch-enabled illustrations from letter "あ" to letter "ん" are provied so your kids can touch and memorize each Hiragana characters while listening to its pronunciation. Learn interactively, master 72 basic Japanese vocabularies and have fun with built-in games.
[About the original picture book]
The picture book is designed specifically for kids and toddlers who just began learning Hiragana characters. Carefully designed to also provide some level of mental development in addition to basic linguistics, every page is filled with its own story to make learning a joy. From letter "あ" in "ありがとう" to letter "ん" in "ごめんなさい", kids will dive into the beautiful world of Japanese language.
[Different modes in app]
(1)HAVING FUN WITH "あいうえお"
This part introduces Hiragana letters and vocabularies with actual pronunciation. Touch the illustrations and speech balloon will be displayed while sample sentences are also provided. Just touch'em!
Learn to write not only Hiraganas, but also Katanas and Romaji characters. Even some of you parents might've forgotten these stuff! Kids may try and erase, as many times as they like.
(3) QUIZ CHALLENGE
Two modes are provided. In Easy mode, 72 vocabularies from the (1)HAVING FUN WITH "あいうえお" will be randomly pronounced, as kids need to answer them by choosing the correct starting Hiragana character. Expert mode is simililar except that kids need to choose correct chacters sequentialy, from start to end. If it's too hard just touch the speech balloon and the whole letter sequence will be shown. Get 5 of them correct and win!
Any inquiries and questions are welcomed. Please email to _EMAIL_


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The Descriptive Camera works a lot like a regular camera—point it at subject and press the shutter button to capture the scene. However, instead of producing an image, this prototype outputs a text description of the scene. Modern digital cameras capture gobs of parsable metadata about photos such as the camera's settings, the location of the photo, the date, and time, but they don't output any information about the content of the photo. The Descriptive Camera only outputs the metadata about the content.
As we amass an incredible amount of photos, it becomes increasingly difficult to manage our collections. Imagine if descriptive metadata about each photo could be appended to the image on the fly—information about who is in each photo, what they're doing, and their environment could become incredibly useful in being able to search, filter, and cross-reference our photo collections. Of course, we don't yet have the technology that makes this a practical proposition, but the Descriptive Camera explores these possibilities.
In our class, Computational Cameras, we've been discussing "parsability" of data. While there are many ways to parse data in an image, I wanted to take a different approach so that the text content of the image is the primary focus of the camera's output. The camera's output is to its image as a MIDI file of a piano concerto is to its recording. Both can be manipulated, but in different ways.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Can Financial worries impact the well-being of employees in the workplace?
This is exactly what CIPD's latest research on Financial well-being, in partnership with Close Brothers explores.
CIPD have been taking a strong lead on financial well-being, determining the business case for employers to take greater responsibility in supporting employees on their overall financial well-being as part of their wider wellness strategy. This subsequently has a positive impact on the workplace in particular productivity and performance.
b2b partnership supported CIPD in developing the partnership with Close Brothers. Close Brothers are strong advocates for financial well-being, championing well-being at work being fundamental to unlocking employee engagement, retention, recruitment and productivity. Given the strong alignment and focus between both organisations' objectives, b2b facilitated a partnership on the CIPD/Close Brothers Financial Well-being programme.
- Through this partnership CIPD and Close Brothers are looking to support employers role and influence within organisations by educating their employees, understanding that financial well-being presents different challenges to all employers across all pay scales.
- Employee Financial Well-being: Why it's important report
- Employee View Report
- Behavioural Insights report
- Practical Guidance Report


text:
"Serial properties will include two or more component parts related by clearly defined links:
a) Component parts should reflect cultural, social or functional links over time that provide, where relevant, landscape, ecological, evolutionary or habitat connectivity.
b) Each component part should contribute to the Outstanding Universal Value of the property as a whole in a substantial, scientific, readily defined and discernible way, and may include, inter alia, intangible attributes. The resulting Outstanding Universal Value should be easily understood and communicated.
c) Consistently, and in order to avoid an excessive fragmentation of component parts, the process of nomination of the property, including the selection of the component parts, should take fully into account the overall manageability and coherence of the property (see paragraph 114).
and provided it is the series as a whole – and not necessarily the individual parts of it – which are of Outstanding Universal Value."


Commentary :: Gharar: The Origins of the Prohibition
By Katarzyna Sidło
Gharar is arguably one of the least understood concepts in Islamic finance. In linguistic terms, it means jeopardy, risk, danger, or hazard, and is a verbal noun (maṣdar) from the word taghr, which in turn means exposing oneself or one's property to danger. It may refer to ignorance, injustice, or deceit.
As of yet, no single, universally accepted definition of the term has been proposed, and most scholars who have been dealing with the subject opted for providing examples of contracts prohibited due to the presence of gharar rather than coining a comprehensive definition of the term itself.[1]
First attempts at defining gharar can be found in al-Muwattaʾ, in which Mālik b. Anas mentions not only the actual ḥadīth prohibiting gharar (nahā rasūl Allāh ʿan bayʿ al-gharar), but also discusses the concept while writing about some other sales contracts. In general, the early scholars believed that a transaction is contaminated by gharar if there is any uncertainty over i) the existence of the subject-matter of the transaction, ii) one or more characteristics of the object under sale (e.g., species or quantity), or iii) one or more of the characteristics of the contract itself (e.g., timing of the transaction). Moreover, some specific kinds of transactionssuch as bayʿ al-ḥaṣāt (pebble sale), bayʿ al-mulāmasa (touch sale), or bayʿ al-munābadha (toss sale)were prohibited on the grounds of containing gharar as well.
It was not until the 14th/8th century, however, that two prominent Ḥanbalī scholars, Ibn Taymīyya and his student Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawzīyya, argued that it is not the (non)existence of the subject-matter of transaction but rather the (in)ability to deliver it by the seller that matters in determining whether a given transaction is contaminated by gharar—and, as such, is prohibited. At the same time, Ibn Taymīyya was of the opinion that the prohibition of gharar is not unequivocal; should a greater benefit (al-maṣlaḥah al-rājīḥa) be achieved from its abolition, then a contract contaminated by gharar is to be exceptionally permitted (rukhkhiṣa) under those particular circumstances.[2] In other words, if the cost of avoiding gharar is too high and the benefits from its embracement outweigh the harms it might possibly cause, then the prohibition should be temporarily lifted, and a transaction should be deemed valid. This was also the opinion of a Shāfiʿī scholar contemporary to Ibn Taymīyya, Taqī al-Din al-Subkī, who additionally supported the claim that only major (fāḥish) gharar is prohibited, while the minor one (ḥaqīr) does not affect the validity of a transaction.[3] Moreover, most of the scholars agreed that gharar can only affect commutative contacts, with gifts being exempted from its influence.
The origin of the prohibition of gharar can be traced back to the Qurʾān, even as the term is not directly mentioned anywhere in the holy book of Islam. What the Qurʾān does explicitly forbid is maysīr (2:219, 5:90–91), literally a game of arrows that with time came to be understood as an all-encompassing term for all types of gambling. While the Qurʾānic commentaries do not really discuss gharar when exploring āyāts dedicated to maysīr, many scholars (such as the already mentioned Ibn Taymīyya and Ibn al-Qayyim[4]) equated (major) gharar with gambling (qimār or maysīr). This has been done on the account of both devouring property of others in vain (akl al-māl bi-l-bāṭil), again explicitly prohibited by the Qurʾān (2:188, 4:29, 9:34). Indeed, this latter connection is explored in a number of tafāsīr, e.g., Aḥkām al-Qurʾān by Abū Bakr b. ʿArabī and Aḥkām al-Qurʾān by Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Rāzī al-Jaṣṣāṣ.
At the same time, the main and most explicit source of the prohibition of gharar derives from the sunna. Numerous aḥādīth deal with gharar; some of them are very general, some mention it in the context of a particular forbidden sale or a contract. The tradition most often adduced by scholars in the context of prohibition of gharar belongs to the first group and can be found in all canonical collections of aḥādīth, apart from al-Bukhārī's, and reads (in various forms; see Table 1):
Nahā rasūl Allāh ( صلى الله عليه وسلم) ʿan bayʿ al-gharar (wa-bayʿ al-ḥaṣāt)
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prohibited gharar sale (and pebble sale)[5]
Table 1. Gharar matn composite
(Source: author's compilation based on ḥadīth collections, as listed in the reference section).
There are 24 individual traditions with matn to that effect scattered over Sunnī collections of aḥādīth.[6] They can be broadly arranged into four clusters, each centered around one common figure: ʾAbū Hurayra, Ibn ʿAbbās, Ibn al-Mussayyab, and Mujāhid (with the fifth cluster being a "miscellanea" grouping).[7]
Analysis[8] of the matn composite and asānīd of each of those traditions (see Figures 1–3) suggests that that prohibition of gharar was first transmitted by Ibn al-Musayyab via an unknown figure (ḥadīth mursal), as recorded in al-Muwattaʾ by Mālik b. ʾAnas (both in the oldest comprehensive recession available today, i.e., the one by Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan ash-Shaybānī [d. 189/805], and the most popular one, i.e., the one by Yaḥyā b. Yaḥyā al-Laythī [d. 234/848–9 or 236/850–1]). Subsequently, the expanded version of the tradition, containing both prohibitions of gharar and of bayʿ al-ḥaṣāt, was written down by Ibn Ḥanbal (all three belong to ʾAbū Hurayra bundle). Such an addition of a second part to the ḥadīth or combining two or more injunctions into one would not be unheard of, especially in case of short, legal maxims belonging to ḥalāl wa-ḥarām genre—much like the prohibition of gharar.
Figure 1. ʾAbū Hurayra bundle
Figure 2. Ibn ʿAbbās bundle
Figure 3. ʾAbū Hurayra and Ibn al-Musayyab bundles combined
(Sources: author's compilation based on ḥadīth collections, as listed in the reference section).
These types of maxims are generally believed to be opinions of individual scholars that produced them when approached by their co-religionist with specific questions.[9] With time, those ad hoc opinions were to be remolded into aḥādīth and given the authority of a Companion or the Prophet—a process known as rafʿ. Indeed, ʿAbd ar-Razzāq aṣ-Ṣanaʿānī argued that this is precisely what happened with the ḥadīth in question at the hands of Maʿmar [ʿAbd ar-Razzāq 8:14506].
However, one may argue that this was not necessarily the case by taking a closer look at the alleged first transmitter of the tradition, Ibn al-Musayyab (Medina, d. 94/715), who belonged to the second generation of Muslims (Tābaʿīn) and was one of the seven fuqahāʾ of Medina.[10] During his lifetime, he was known to be an expert in legal matters and, much like the rightly guided caliphs, famous for setting his own standards and giving his own rulings, inspired by—but not exactly derived from—the Prophet.[11] Numerous traditions were narrated from him without going back to earlier authorities, although in later collections, when isnād science developed, they might have been supplemented by


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Country China
Population 270,232 (2000)
Area 9,252 km2
Region Xinjiang
Karamay or Kelamayi is a prefecture-level city in the north of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Peoples Republic of China. The name of the city comes from the Uyghur language, and means "black oil", referring to the oil fields near the city.
Map of Karamay
Karamay was the site of one of the worst disasters in modern Chinese history, the 12-08 incident, when 324 people, 288 of them school children, lost their lives in a cinema fire on 8 December 1994.
Edsa woolworth handa ka bang humiwalay sa pamilyang lagi mong karamay
Karamays new city park
Karamay in the past, History of Karamay
On December 8, 1994, a fire broke out in Friendship Theatre (???), Karamay, which caused the death of 325 people including 288 school children, according to official figures. Many teachers were killed while trying to protect and evacuate their students from the building, which lacked adequate safety features. A show was being organized at that moment for a number of local government officials, who managed to escape ahead of the others on spotting the fire, and were afterwards charged with neglecting their duty and received prison sentences of up to 5 years.
Karamay Beautiful Landscapes of Karamay
Karamay is located in the northwest of the Dzungarian basin, with an average elevation of 400 metres (1,300 ft). Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 44° 07 to 46° 08 N and in longitude from 80° 44 to 86° 01 E, and has a maximal 240 km (150 mi) north-south extent and reaches 110 km (68 mi) in east-west width. It borders Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County to the northeast, Shawan County to the southeast, Toli County and Wusu to the west, and Kuytun to the south.
Karamay Beautiful Landscapes of Karamay
The naturally available water supply in the Karamay area is rather limited: it mostly consists of two fairly small rivers (the Baiyang River and the Daerbute River (?????) flowing into the Dzungarian Basin from the mountains of its northwestern rim. In addition, the city receives water from the Irtysh River, over the Irtysh–Karamay Canal, which was officially opened in 2008.
A number of natural (Ailik Lake) and artificial (Fengcheng, Huangyangquan) reservoirs are located in Karamays northeastern Urho District; they all are replenished, directly or indirectly, by water from the Irtysh–Karamay Canal.
In 1955, one of the largest oil fields in China was discovered there. Since then, the city has grown into an oil-producing and refining center.
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Karamay (film)
Karamay Airport


Żelazowa Wola
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Żelazowa Wola
Chopin's birthplace
Żelazowa Wola is located in Poland
Żelazowa Wola
Żelazowa Wola
Coordinates: 52°15′N 20°19′E / 52.250°N 20.317°E / 52.250; 20.317
Country Poland
Voivodeship Masovian
County Sochaczew
Gmina Gmina Sochaczew
Population 65
Żelazowa Wola [ʐɛlaˈzɔva ˈvɔla] is a village in Gmina Sochaczew, Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.[1] It lies on the Utrata River, some 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of Sochaczew and 46 km (29 mi) west of Warsaw. Żelazowa Wola has a population of 65.
The village is the birthplace of Polish-French pianist and composer Frédéric Chopin, and of violinist Henryk Szeryng. It is known for its picturesque Masovian landscape, including numerous winding streams surrounded by willows and hills.
In 1909, in celebration of Chopin's centenary, Russian composer Sergei Lyapunov wrote the symphonic poem, Zhelazova Vola (Żelazowa Wola), Op. 37 (Russian: Жeлaзoвa Вoлa), "in memory of Chopin".[2]
Housed in an annex to the Chopins' home, surrounded by a park, is a museum devoted to the composer. In summer, concerts of his music are performed by pianists from all over the world, who play inside the family home. In an adjacent park is a monument to the pianist, designed by Józef Gosławski.[3]
 2. ^ Crocks Newsletter
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 52°16′N 20°20′E / 52.267°N 20.333°E / 52.267; 20.333


4 Digital-advertising Trend In 2015
By Hamish Russell|August 9, 2015|Marketing|0 comments
Marketers often consider content to be digital currency. We have seen how it is rapidly changing under the influence of new media and social networks, shaped to be as useful and as fitting to the user as possible. So what are the most noteworthy trends of content marketing in 2015?
Native storytelling
BuzzFeed is the platform, which introduced the concept of Native Advertising and the revealed its full potential with the world. This type of advertising is considered as part of the review sites, takes into account the area and does not cause rejection of the audience; it is 'woven' into the mainstream content and matches it to the format and content. BuzzFeed itself describes its role in this process of advertising as an 'aid to other companies in the creation of authentic history'. The method is widely used by savvy marketing businesses, such as Gravitate or HTP Digital, a prosperous UK-based b2b digital marketing company, famous for its savvy content approaches.
Smart branded content based on programmatic advertising
According to a 2015 Digital Media Predictions report, an equal to storytelling power is Programmatic Advertising, which represents a combination of content, targeting and data.
Programmatic advertising is all about processing user information such as gender, age, location, weather, time of day and generating a laser-precise advertising message. Thus, branded content becomes a chameleon that changes its appearance depending on who is looking at it. Control information such as dynamic advertising allows to tell the fascinating story of the brand and stay highly personalised. It is a strategy that sets a strong link between data and content, minimising marketing costs and increasing relevance. (more…)


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L'objectif est d'examiner si les ressources professionnelles modèrent la relation entre les exigences du travail et la pression professionnelle, et si la pression professionnelle modère la relation entre les exigences du travail et la satisfaction au travail. Le modèle Demande d'emploi – Ressources suggère que les demandes d'emploi et les ressources professionnelles sont liées à la pression professionnelle, et que la pression professionnelle est associée à la satisfaction professionnelle.
Aims To examine whether job resources moderate the relationship between job demands and occupational strain, and whether occupational strain mediates the relationship between job demands and job satisfaction. Background The Job Demands-Resource Model suggests that job demands and job resources are related to occupational strain, and occupational strain is associated with job satisfaction. Methods In 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 85 nurses from six hemodialysis units. Linear regression with Moderation-Mediation analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Results Under low workload levels, no association between autonomy and occupational strain existed; but under high workload levels, a negative relationship was found between autonomy and occupational strain. Under low workload levels, a negative relationship was found between social support and occupational strain, but under high workload levels, a positive relationship was found. Finally, there was no association between occupational strain and job satisfaction. Conclusion Job resources are moderators of the relationship between job demands and occupational strain. However, there was no significant association between occupational strain and job satisfaction. Implications Nurse leaders should strengthen nurses' autonomy, which can reduce occupational strain. Additionally, sources of support are needed help nurses cope with the workload and occupational strain.


text:
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An optimal design approach of high-order FIR digital filter is developed based on the algorithm of neural networks which its activation matrix is produced by the sine basis functions. The main idea is to minimize the sum of the square errors between the amplitude-frequency response of the desired FIR filter and that of the designed by training the weight vector of sine basis functions neural networks, then obtains the impulse response of three-type FIR digital filter with linear phase. The convergence theorem of the neural networks algorithm is presented and proved, and the optimal design method is introduced by designing two kinds of high-order FIR digital filters, i.e., band-pass and multi-band-pass filters. The results of the amplitude responses show that attenuation in stop-bands is more than 290 dB with no ripple and pulse existing in pass-bands, and cutoff frequency of pass-bands and stop-bands is easily controlled precisely. The presented optimal design approach of high-order FIR digital filter is significantly effective.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The Informedia Digital Video Library project is a research initiative at Carnegie Mellon University, funded by the NSF, DARPA, NASA and others, that studies how multimedia digital libraries can be established and used. Informedia's digital video library is populated by automatically encoding, segmenting, and indexing data. Research in the areas of speech recognition, image understanding, and natural language processing supports the automatic preparation of diverse media for full-content and knowledge based search and retrieval.
The following image is an example of how these components are combined in the Informedia user interface:
Currently, the Informedia collection contains approximately 1.5 terabytes of data, comprising 2,400 hours of video encoded in the MPEG 1 format. The content of this corpus includes approximately 2,000 hours of CNN news broadcasts beginning in 1996. The remaining content is derived from PBS broadcast documentaries produced by WQED, Pittsburgh, and documentaries for distance education produced by the BBC for the British Open University. The subject matter of the majority of these documentaries is mathematics and science. Also available is a small corpus of public domain videos, typically derived from government agency sources.
All the data in Informedia, except for the public domain videos, is copyrighted and must be used for research purposes only, with re-distribution prohibited. Users of the testbed will need to sign an agreement with the copyright holder.
The extensive, automatically derived metadata created by Informedia is an important resource for digital library researchers. Metadata for the Informedia collection includes:
For general information about Informedia, see the web site: _URL_
Researchers with serious interests in using the testbed, should contact: Scott Stevens, _EMAIL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Formal collaborations between community groups and academic institutions to promote economic development have increased substantially over the past 10 years. The bulk of research on community-campus partnerships has focused on the experiences of institutions of higher learning and the foundations that have funded the collaborations, leaving a gap in our understanding of community experiences. This report draws on a variety of sources, including first-person interviews and academic literature, to bring out community perspectives on what makes for successful partnerships. The conclusions are presented as practical suggestions for community groups and campuses seeking to optimize partnerships. Four case studies describe lessons learned by participating community groups.


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March 6, 2012
– A dummy capsule that NASA used in the lead up to the Apollo moon landings has been restored to its former glory to inspire a new generation of space explorers at a California learning center.
The red-and-white painted capsule, known as "Boilerplate 19A" (BP-19A), was built in the early 1960s by the same aerospace company and to the same basic design specs as the space-worthy command modules that flew crews to the moon and back. But instead of lifting off, BP-19A was dropped out of a cargo plane to test the recovery systems that would safely land astronauts back on Earth.
More than four decades after its final test flight and years after being displayed outdoors in a county park, BP-19A was entrusted to SpaceWorks, the exhibition design and artifact preservation division of the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center in Hutchinson, KS, for its restoration.
The restored Apollo boilerplate capsule BP-19A, now ready to be exhibited at the Columbia Memorial Space Center. (Cosmosphere)
"Compared to other remaining capsules from the Apollo era, this particular artifact was exceptional, due the fact that it still contained original components," said Richard Hollowell, the Cosmosphere's interim president and CEO. "SpaceWorks stabilized the original materials, cleaned and preserved the surfaces and prepared the capsule for full-time exhibition."
The capsule is now set to go on display at the Columbia Memorial Space Center, a hands-on educational facility in Downey, Calif., the site where all the Apollo spacecraft — including BP-19A — were built.
Test dummy to teaching tool
North American Aviation built BP-19A in 1963, when the 12,000-pound (5,400-kilogram) spacecraft entered service for NASA.
BP-19A was used for a series of recovery parachute drop tests before being retrofitted to test recovery antennas. (NASA)
Starting in 1964, BP-19 was dropped multiple times from a C-133 "Cargomaster" military transport aircraft flying over El Centro Naval Station, Calif., deploying drogue and main recovery parachutes to slow its descent to the ground.
Four years later, after the parachute designs were proven, the capsule was retrofitted to test VHF recovery antenna systems, gaining the "A" in its BP-19A designation.
By employing an unmanned boilerplate, NASA was able to evaluate the Apollo spacecraft's recovery systems without endangering astronauts' lives.
In April 1972, as the second-to-last moon landing mission got underway, NASA transferred ownership of BP-19A to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. for public display. For decades, the test capsule sat inside a glass enclosure under an outdoor gazebo at a park in Lancaster, Calif., alongside three lakes that were named for the first moon landing crew, Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins.
BP-19A was displayed for many years under a gazebo at Apollo Park in Lancaster, California. (Field Guide to American Spacecraft)
In April 2007, the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum decided to return BP-19A to the site
where it was built. The capsule, the second of two Apollo boilerplates assigned to the Columbia Memorial Science Center for exhibit, first arrived at the Downey educational facility in 2008 and was placed on temporary display last year.
Signs of recovery
BP-19A's restoration took SpaceWorks about eight weeks to complete, adhering to the techniques approved by the National Air and Space Museum. It was the first major artifact project completed by the Kansas Cosmosphere in recent years.
"Museums worldwide have been affected by the economy, so new exhibits and restoration have been primarily on hold for the last several years," Hollowell said. "We are starting to see signs of economic recovery, and museums are now eager to get back on track with their exhibitions and collections."
"The bids we currently have pending represent more than half of SpaceWorks' annual budget, and we expect to see more bid opportunities yet this year," he said.
Chief among the new bids is an opportunity to produce the display case for Freedom 7, the Mercury spacecraft Alan Shepard rode to become the first American in space over 50 years ago. The historic capsule is being relocated
from the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Md., to the John F. Kennedy Presidential Museum in Boston, Mass.
SpaceWorks restoration tech Don Aich returns the exterior finish of Apollo capsule BP-19A to its original state. (Cosmosphere)
The Smithsonian-affiliated Kansas Cosmosphere houses the largest collection of space exploration artifacts outside the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. It also houses the largest collection of Soviet and Russian space artifacts outside of Moscow.
Prior to BP-19A, the Cosmosphere's SpaceWorks division worked to restore several flown U.S. spacecraft, including the Apollo 13 command module "Odyssey," the Gemini 6 and Gemini 10 spacecraft and the "Liberty Bell 7" Mercury capsule that in 1999 was recovered from the ocean floor.
The Columbia Memorial Space Center, which opened to the public in 2008, honors space shuttle Columbia's final crew, who were lost on Feb. 1, 2003 when the spacecraft broke apart during re-entry at the end of their mission. In addition to exhibiting artifacts like boilerplate BP-19A, the center includes a Challenger Learning Center that takes students on simulated space missions into Earth orbit, to the moon, Mars and beyond.


Chain-reactive burst
We designed "chain-reactive burst" system as follows.
Each liposome contains triggers and drugs inside, and aptamers for the trigger on its surface. When liposomes are destroyed, new triggers and drugs are released. To achieve liposomal burst by outside triggers, we propose the following two approaches.
 - i) Bending approach
 - ii) Flower micelle approach
 - First, we considered a theory to disrupt liposomes by a trigger DNA signal through calculation. If a liposome is destroyed, its size becomes smaller. We estimated the free energy gap between the two liposomal states: a large liposome and a small one. And discuss which size of liposomes is more stable.
 Please see the details (Go to Calculation).
 i)Bending Approach
 Fig.1 Process of bending approach
 Our bending approach consists of the following four steps.
 1.Cholesterol-conjugated DNA strands (in the rest of this document, referred to as "aptamers") attach to the surfaces of liposomes.
 2. Then, DNA origami complementary to the aptamer is added as triggers.
 3. Triggers bind to the surfaces of liposomes and give a load on the membrane.
 4. Due to the load by triggers, liposomes are destroyed.
 a) Mechanism of bending membranes
 To destroy liposomes, we focused on the mechanism the living things use to bend cell membranes. We consider that if we could make use of the mechanism of bending membranes (destabilizing membranes), it would lead to the collapse of membranes. The following three mechanisms have been proposed as of now (Membrane-bending proteins)
 Fig.2 Mechanism of bending membranes
 The mechanism A is that amphipathic molecules are inserted into the cell membrane and the bending is caused. The inner hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer has a strong adhesive power for the two leaflets. Thus, once the amphipathic molecules are inserted into one leaflet of the membrane and expand it, the other leaflet bends according to it, making its surface area smallest.
 The mechanism B is that the molecule attached to the membrane becomes a rigid scaffold and distort the membrane under itself, or stabilize the already bended membrane.
 The mechanism C is that lipid molecules are clustered in one leaflet of the membrane and the inequality of lipid quantity makes the membrane bend.
 Most membrane bending proteins combine the above three mechanisms.
 In addition, a theory that protein crowding causes the bending of cell membranes ( Membrane bending by proteinprotein crowding) has recently been suggested. This mechanism is that the collision of membrane proteins produces lateral pressure on membranes and distorts them.
 Due to the above reasons, the efficient design for destabilizing membranes is the structures that :
 - have rigid scaffolds
 - have large surface areas to maximize the effect of the scaffold on the membrane
 - produce a large pressure by collisions
 - b) Rigid scaffolds
 To make rigid scaffolds, we took note of DNA origami, because DNA origami is a method for making rigid structures of any shape. Moreover, we adopted a 2D structure to make the surface area largest.
 We also designed rectangle and triangle to make the pressure of the collision highest.
 Fig.3 Rectangle origami and triangle origami
 We suppose that rectangle and triangle structures are most effective for the following reasons.
 Rectangle is expected to work as one scaffold in itself; triangle (the most efficient figure that covers a sphere) structures, to gather and work as one big rigid scaffold.
 The design of our rectangular DNA origami is as below.
 Fig.4 Rectangular origami
 Fig.5 DNA origami designed by caDNAno
 We used caDNAno2 for our DNA origami design.
 The DNA origami has a rectangle shape of 67.6nm (26 helixes) by 127 nm (374 bases).
 We cut out a smaller rectangle of 10 helixes by 161 bases at one edge of this origami, so that we could distinguish the two sides during AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) observation.
 Besides, to destabilize the membrane by inserting this origami, we designed 141 staples at the center of the origami to hybridize with aptamers (These aptamers give our origami amphipathicity), and enabled it to insert into the membrane.
 To sum up, the aptamer not only connects DNA origami and liposomes but also inserts into the membrane and destabilizes it.
 Fig.6 Unstable liposome
 ii)Flower micelle approach
 Fig.7 Process of flower micelle approach
 Fig.8 Flower micelle method
 There is a method called flower micelles for collapsing liposomes.
 In this method, we cover the surfaces of liposomes with many copolymer rings. The rings can be distorted by heating, place some stress on the liposomes, and collapse them.
 We tried to collapse liposomes by applying this mechanism of flower micelles.
 1. First, we mix aptamers (the same strands as used in i) Bending approach), loop strands, and liposomes.
 Each of the loop strands is designed to have two complementary parts to aptamers at its both ends. So when it binds to the aptamers at the both ends, the middle part remains single-stranded and becomes a loop.
 As an aptamer is cholesterol-conjugated and has high affinity for a liposome, it floats on a liposome and enables the aptamer-loop strand complex attach to the liposome. In other words, a loop strand hybridizes with a liposome via two aptamers.
 Fig.9 Make loops on the surface of a liposome
 2. Next, we add a trigger strand corresponding (complementary) to the loop strand on the liposome. The trigger strand hybridizes with the loop part, making it change to be straight.
 3. The double-stranded part keeps straight (though it was originally a loop part), because the trigger strand is designed to be shorter than its persistence length.
 Fig.10 How to straighten loop
 4.In this process, some stress is placed on the liposome, and it is collapsed.
 Fig.11 Liposomal burst
 It is considered if some triggers are kept inside a liposome, and the liposomal membrane is collapsed by the above i) and ii) methods from the outside, it would be much easy to trigger "Chain-reactive burst", because the released triggers serve as new triggers for neighbor liposomes.
 We designed the DNA sequences for this approach by DNA design, software for designing DNA sequences.
 We arranged three kinds of loop strands.
 Each loop strand has a 40nt, 20nt, or 10nt loop part (shown below in black and blue), which becomes a loop after the hybridization of the whole loop strand with aptamers.
 The blue part of a loop strand is complementary to a corresponding trigger strand (also shown in blue). So a loop strand and a trigger strand are expected to hybridize with each other, place some stress on a liposome, and collapse it.
 The red part of a loop strand is complementary to an aptamer (shown in red). Cooperating with aptamers, it enables the whole loop strand to attach to the surface of a liposome.
 Aptamers are the same strands as those used in i)Bending approach.
 Aptamer DNA
 CCAGAAGACG -cholesterol
 40nt loop DNA
 Trigger DNA for 40 nt loop DNA
 20nt loop DNA
 Trigger DNA for 20 nt loop DNA
 10nt loop DNA
 Trigger DNA for 10 nt loop DNA
 温度上昇を感知して割れて始まりのトリガーを放出するイニシエーターとして私たちはPNIPAM付リポソームを使用した。 Hydrophobicity of NIPAM varies at temperatures. NIPAM is hydrophilic at less than 32 ºC, but it become hydrophobic and shrinks at > 32 ºC. Therefore, liposomes containing a modified NIPAM (poly(NIPAM-co-AA-co-ODA) in their membranes become unstable at high temperature (temperature-sensitive liposomes). Consequently, increasing temperature disrupt the liposomes.
 Reference( pdf)


a lytic infection rather that a lysogenic infection.
Deciding whether to be in the lysogenic or lytic infection is based a variety of factors resulting from the current state of the host cell and the growth conditions present in the medium. If the integration process dominates upon infection, then the infection will be lysogenic. If the antitermination process dominates and the late genes end up being expressed, then the infection will be lytic. A prophage can be activated if the cell's growth conditions change - this results in a lysogenic infection becoming a lytic infection.
Biology 4: Genes and Society (1997, 1998)


. Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is the computationally cheapest --dirstat behavior, since it does not have to look at the file contents at all.
cumulative
Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well. Note that when using cumulative, the sum of the percentages reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can be specified with the noncumulative parameter.
<limit>
An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default). Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes are not shown in the output.
Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files, and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories: --dirstat=files,10,cumulative.
--summary
Output a condensed summary of extended header information such as creations, renames and mode changes.
--patch-with-stat
Synonym for -p --stat.
-z
Separate the commits with NULs instead of with new newlines.
Also, when --raw or --numstat has been given, do not munge pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.
Without this option, each pathname output will have TAB, LF, double quotes, and backslash characters replaced with \t, \n, \", and \\, respectively, and the pathname will be enclosed in double quotes if any of those replacements occurred.
--name-only
Show only names of changed files.
--name-status
Show only names and status of changed files. See the description of the --diff-filter option on what the status letters mean.
--submodule[=<format>]
Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When --submodule or --submodule=log is given, the log format is used. This format lists the commits in the range like git-submodule(1) summary does. Omitting the --submodule option or specifying --submodule=short, uses the short format. This format just shows the names of the commits at the beginning and end of the range. Can be tweaked via the diff.submodule configuration variable.
--color[=<when>]
Show colored diff. --color (i.e. without =<when>) is the same as --color=always. <when> can be one of always, never, or auto.
--no-color
Turn off colored diff. It is the same as --color=never.
--word-diff[=<mode>]
Show a word diff, using the <mode> to delimit changed words. By default, words are delimited by whitespace; see --word-diff-regex below. The <mode> defaults to plain, and must be one of:
color
Highlight changed words using only colors. Implies --color.
plain
Show words as [-removed-] and {+added+}. Makes no attempts to escape the delimiters if they appear in the input, so the output may be ambiguous.
porcelain
Use a special line-based format intended for script consumption. Added/removed/unchanged runs are printed in the usual unified diff format, starting with a +/-/ character at the beginning of the line and extending to the end of the line. Newlines in the input are represented by a tilde ~ on a line of its own.
none
Disable word diff again.
Note that despite the name of the first mode, color is used to highlight the changed parts in all modes if enabled.
--word-diff-regex=<regex>
Use <regex> to decide what a word is, instead of considering runs of non-whitespace to be a word. Also implies --word-diff unless it was already enabled.
Every non-overlapping match of the <regex> is considered a word. Anything between these matches is considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding differences. You may want to append |[^[:space:]] to your regular expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters. A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the newline.
The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see gitattributes(1) or git-config(1). Giving it explicitly overrides any diff driver or configuration setting. Diff drivers override configuration settings.
--color-words[=<regex>]
Equivalent to --word-diff=color plus (if a regex was specified) --word-diff-regex=<regex>.
--no-renames
Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration file gives the default to do so.
--check
Warn if changes introduce whitespace errors. What are considered whitespace errors is controlled by core.whitespace configuration. By default, trailing whitespaces (including lines that solely consist of whitespaces) and a space character that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the initial indent of the line are considered whitespace errors. Exits with non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible with --exit-code.
--full-index
Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index" line when generating patch format output.
--binary
In addition to --full-index, output a binary diff that can be applied with git-apply.
--abbrev[=<n>]
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header lines, show only a partial prefix. This is independent of the --full-index option above, which controls the diff-patch output format. Non default number of digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.
-B[<n>][/<m>]
--break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]
Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create. This serves two purposes:
It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of everything new, and the number m controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 60%). -B/70% specifies that less than 30% of the original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).
When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the source of a rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared as the source of a rename), and the number n controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 50%). -B20% specifies that a change with addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file's size are eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to another file.
-M[<n>]
--find-renames[=<n>]
If generating diffs, detect and report renames for each commit. For following files across renames while traversing history, see --follow. If n is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the file's size). For example, -M90% means Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file hasn't changed. Without a % sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., -M5 becomes 0.5, and is thus the same as -M50%. Similarly, -M05 is the same as -M5%. To limit detection to exact renames, use -M100%. The default similarity index is 50%.
-C[<n>]
--find-copies[=<n>]
Detect copies as well as renames. See also --find-copies-harder. If n is specified, it has the same meaning as for -M<n>.
--find-copies-harder
For performance reasons, by default, -C option finds copies only if the original file of the copy was modified in the same changeset. This flag makes the command inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of copy. This is a very expensive operation for large projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one -C option has the same effect.
-D
--irreversible-delete
Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not the diff between the preimage and /dev/null. The resulting patch is not


text:
Neonatal survival of prenatally diagnosed exomphalos.
Patel G., Sadiq J., Shenker N., Impey L., Lakhoo K.
PURPOSE: Exomphalos is a midline defect, with a viable sac composed of amnion and peritoneum containing herniated abdominal contents with an incidence of about 1 in 4,000 live births. Associated major abnormalities can be karyotypic, syndromic or structural in up to 70% of cases. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence survival of antenatally diagnosed exomphalos. METHODS: All antenatally diagnosed and postnatally confirmed exomphalos registered with our fetal medicine unit, during 2002-2007, were reviewed. Both prenatal and postnatal outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: Of 88 cases identified with exomphalos, 85 were prenatally diagnosed. Fifty-five of them died in utero (45 terminations, 5 spontaneous abortions and 5 still births). There were 33 live births (37.5%), 7 of which were premature (30-35/40 gestation). Five babies died before coming to surgery (all with major exomphalos as well as abnormal karyotype) while 28 were operated upon. Fourteen cases with minor exomphalos, all isolated, were primarily closed and all survived to discharge. Of 14 babies with major exomphalos, 4 were closed primarily. Nine required silo formation and six successfully underwent secondary closure (one of which had a prenatal diagnosis of giant ruptured exomphalos). Three died before closure, two from sepsis and multi-organ failure, and one from an undiagnosed tracheo-oesophalgeal cleft. All three deaths had antenatally diagnosed giant ruptured exomphalos and were less than 34/40 weeks gestation. One baby was managed conservatively with antiseptic solution applied to the sac and left to heal by secondary intention. There were 17 cases of isolated exomphalos (with no other structural abnormalities), all of which survived. CONCLUSION: Antenatal diagnosis of exomphalos is 96% sensitive. Severe karyotypic and structural abnormalities were present in all intra-uterine and early postnatal deaths. Overall survival to discharge was 28%. Both minor and isolated exomphalos carried a good prognosis. Isolated exomphalos was a better prognostic factor than severity of the exomphalos itself. Ruptured giant exomphalos were associated with a poorer outcome especially in premature babies.


text:
A chemical, thermal, mechanical and ballistic investigation of paraffin-based solid fuels filled with Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LiAlH4, LAH) for hybrid propulsion is presented in this paper. Two different formulations containing 5% and 10% of a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ranbutylene)-block-polystyrene grafted with maleic anhydride, hereafter named SEBSMA) were investigated for the strengthening of paraffin waxes. Two LAH mass fractions were considered for each paraffin-based blend (5% and 10%), for a total of four fuel formulations. The paraffin-based blends filled with LiAlH4 were found to be stable when exposed to air. Rheological properties were investigated using a parallel plate giving evidence of the link between the elastic modulus (G') evolution and the thermal behavior of LAH. Thermal properties were studied using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) leading to obtain data about the transitions typical of paraffin waxes (solid/solid and solid/liquid) and also about the thermal decomposition of the added energetic filler. A manufacturing technique for the production of homogeneous blends strengthened with SEBS-MA and filled with LAH is described. Firing tests were performed in a lab-scale hybrid motor using gaseous oxygen; the local and instantaneous regression rate was measured using a fiber optic technique. The behavior of paraffin waxes blended with the selected SEBS-MA thermoplastic elastomer and filled with LAH, is discussed.
|Titolo:||Paraffin-Based Solid Fuels for Hybrid Propulsion Filled with Lithium Aluminum Hydride: Thermal, Mechanical and Ballistic Characterization|
|Data di pubblicazione:||2014|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||04.1 Contributo in Atti di convegno|
File in questo prodotto:
|BOIOM01-14.pdf||Paper||Publisher's version||Accesso riservato|


Error on a request to write a media location identifier during long backups to Deduplication folders across a WAN.
Article:TECH153943 | Created: 2011-02-22 | Updated: 2013-01-03 | Article URL
Article Type
Technical Solution
During a backup to a deduplication folder, when new media is required, an error pops up indicating that Backup Exec could not write a media location identifier (file mark) to the media. This can happen if the job is taking a long time to fill up a piece of media or complete a job (more than 30 minutes per media). During this time, Backup Exec holds open a session that is not transmitting any data. A variety of devices along the route between the remote agent and the media server can interpret this lack of data transmission as an abandoned session and arbitrarily terminate the session.
This problem typically happens at approximately the same amount of time into an operation. That is, if the job keeps failing at the the same times (e.g. 1.5 hours), then this may be the cause of the problem.
Storage device "Dedupe Folder:2" reported an error on a request to write a media location identifier (file mark). Error reported: A device attached to the system is not functioning.
 This issue is most often associated with a backup that is happening over a slow link (such as a WAN).
Turning on the Debug Monitor for active debugging (SGMon) shows the following errors
[5216] 09/09/10 13:34:22 ndmp_readit: Caught message on closed connection.
Socket 0xc2c len 0xffffffff
[5216] 09/09/10 13:34:22 ndmp_readit: ErrorCode :: 10054 : An existing
connection was forcibly closed by the remote host.
This indicates that one of Backup Exec's sessions from the remote agent to the media server was terminated. The next time this session is used to communicate between the remote agent and the media server, an error is reported.
Note: Refer the related article on how to use SGMON for debug.
Note: As of Backup Exec 2010 R3 Hotfix 159965, Backup Exec has implemented its own keep alive message across deduplication connections. After this Hotfix, it should no longer be necessary to set the system wide keep alive settings below.
There is a setting in Windows that causes the operating system to send "Keep Alive" messages across connections that are otherwise inactive. Set KeepAliveTime and KeepAliveInterval to five seconds (5000ms ). Please consult your Windows documentation for specific instructions on how to do this.
Note that while this has resolved the problem in most cases, there are situations where intervening routers are ignoring the keep alive messages and terminating the session after a set period of time any way. If this is happening, the configuration of those routers must be changed to resolve this problem.
Supplemental Materials
Backups failing due to expired sessions
Article URL
Terms of use for this information are found in Legal Notices


Body Surface Area (BSA) Calculator
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Online BSA (Body Surface Area) calculator. Body surface area is used for several clinical purpose including calculation of dosage of medicines.
Enter your height and weight. Then click the "Calculate BSA" button.
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Feet
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m2
Body Surface Area (BSA) Calculator
Body Surface Area (BSA) Calculator
This on-line BSA calculator takes your height and weight and calculates the body surface area in m2. You have the option to select the formula you want the BSA to be calculated.
Using the BSA calculator
 1. Enter your Height either in centimeters or in feet.
 2. Enter your Weight either in kilograms or pounds.
 3. Then, click the Calculate BSA button. The body surface area will be calculated and the result will be displayed in the box below the button.
Body Surface Area (BSA)
There are several formulas to calculate human body surface area. The popular once are Du Bois and Mosteller. Body surface area is mainly used for clinical purposes like medicine dosage calculations, etc...
Formulas To Calculate Body Surface Area
1. Du Bois Formula:
BSA = Wt0.425 x Ht0.725 x 0.007184
2. Mosteller Formula:
BSA = Wt0.5 x Ht0.5 x 0.016667
3. Haycock Formula:
BSA = Wt0.5378 x Ht0.3964 x 0.024265
4. Gehan and George Formula:
BSA = Wt0.51456 x Ht0.42246 x 0.0235
5. Boyd Formula:
BSA = Wt(0.6157 - 0.0188 log10 Wt) x Ht0.3 x 0.0333
6. Fujimoto Formula:
BSA = Wt0.444 x Ht0.663 x 0.008883
7. Takahira Formula:
BSA = Wt0.425 x Ht0.725 x 0.007241
8. Schlich Formula
BSA for Women= Wt0.46 x Ht1.08 x 0.000975482
BSA for Men= Wt0.38 x Ht1.24 x 0.000579479
For all the above formulas:
 - BSA = Body Surface Area in m2.
 - Ht = Height in Meters (m).
 - Wt = Weight in kilograms (Kg).
Reference
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text:
The Federal Interagency Committee on Invasive Terrestrial Animals and Pathogens (ITAP): coordinates the sharing of technical information for program planning and the management of invasive species.
ITAP's mission is to support and facilitate more efficient networking and sharing of technical information for program planning and coordination among federal agencies and departments involved with invasive species research and management. ITAP focuses on several major taxonomic groups of invasive species for which improved technical coordination is essential to facilitate effective Federal responses, e.g., currently on invertebrates, plant pathogens, and animal pathogens. Furthermore, ITAP provides support for systematics in all taxa.
ITAP does not receive any direct funding and the 2004 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) [PDF, 8 pages] that established ITAP is not a funding mechanism. Rather, the MOU among participating federal agencies provides the structure for focused frequent sharing of information, expertise, and other resources to support federal interagency collaboration.
ITAP primarily provides information and facilitates technical input for federal resource managers and decision makers in over 54 federal agencies that deal with invasive species issues. A major function of ITAP is to provide an infrastructure for focused federal coordination at an earlier stage than would otherwise occur – i.e., when coordination is likely to be most effective and less costly (monetarily and ecologically). ITAP helps facilitate coordination among agencies in applying their legal mandates in addressing invasive species problems. ITAP's network is able to rapidly locate and enlist expertise to provide information and technical advice for addressing invasive insect, plant disease, animal disease, and terrestrial animal species – including early detection, rapid assessment, and response to new invaders.
ITAP provides leadership to facilitate implementation of activities that support the invasive species programs of its federal agency members. Leadership is achieved by facilitating exchange of scientific and technical information, informing respective agencies about options for collaboration, facilitating documentation of capacity and needs, coordinating specific interagency projects, contributing technical information to policymakers, enhancing agency awareness and understanding of invasive species issues through briefings, tours and other activities, and facilitating public awareness and education through the ITAP web site.
What Level of Funding is Directed to ITAP?
ITAP does not receive any direct funding and the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is not a funding mechanism. Rather, the MOU provides the structure for focused frequent sharing of information, expertise, and other resources to support interagency collaboration. ITAP also facilitates technical input into the National Invasive Species Council (NISC) and associated interagency tasks. ITAP helps inform Agency decision makers about opportunities for collaboration in the areas of systematics, germplasm, pest detection, monitoring, forecasting, and assessment; pathways; and pest management. ITAP helps support NISC's priority-setting and cross-cut budget initiatives by reporting on baseline capacity for invasive species research and identifying needs for research and development, particularly to support rapid response to new invasive species.
Who is the Principal Audience for ITAP Activities?
ITAP primarily provides information and facilitate technical input for resource managers, and decision makers, including the Executive Branch, Congress, the National Invasive Species Council (NISC), and State and local elected officials. ITAP also receives and shares information with commercial interests, non-governmental organizations, and the public. ITAP principally reaches this audience in cooperation with, and through mechanisms already established, by its member agencies.
What Level of Leadership does the ITAP Team Provide?
ITAP provides leadership for facilitating implementation of activities that support NISC's Annual Work Plan and the invasive species programs of ITAP members. Leadership is achieved by facilitating development of databases and other informational systems, informing respective agencies about options for collaboration, facilitating documentation of capacity and needs, coordinating interagency projects and regional work, contributing technical information to policymakers, and enhancing agency and Congressional awareness and understanding of invasive species issues through briefings, tours, and other activities, and facilitating public awareness and education. ITAP also serves as a liaison with NISC, the Advisory Committee to the Council, and associated work groups.
What are the Potential Products of ITAP Coordination?
Products of ITAP's coordination and liaison activities include development of:
- National perspective on invasive animal and pathogen problems and our capacity to address them, e.g., through traditional and on-line publications (such as a pest fact book), technical support for documentaries and other public media, Congressional briefings and tours (similar to (FICMNEW's participation in National Invasive Species Awareness Week), and provide input on cross-cut budgets.
- Comparable data standards and protocols for detecting and monitoring invasive species that can be shared among ITAP members and other agencies and organizations.
- Assessment of the impacts of invasive species already present in the US and ranking the potential invasiveness of species that potentially could be introduced and have adverse effects.
- Fora for discussion of priority research, monitoring, and management needs to coordinate these activities more efficiently.
- Databases and information sources on invasive species and their management - such as a catalogue of natural enemy importations similar to the Julien Catalogue.
- Working groups for coordinating Federal efforts on existing and emerging threats such as sudden oak death, West Nile virus, invasive birds, Asian long-horned beetle, and emerald ash borer.
- Special reports that highlight insect and disease conditions, threats, capacity and budget needs, and policy concerns and/or recommendations.
- Technical workshops on key issues such as evaluation methods for monitoring pathways.
- Technical advice for developing inter-organizational policy, such as a national pest or disease strategy, quarantine listings, screening processes and lists, and exclusion policies.
How does ITAP Improve Federal Response to Invasive Terrestrial Animals and Pathogens?
A major function of ITAP is to provide an infrastructure for focused Federal coordination at an earlier stage than would otherwise occur - i.e., when coordination is likely to be most effective and less costly (monetarily and ecologically). ITAP helps facilitate coordination among agencies in applying their legal mandates in addressing invasive species problems.
ITAP's network is able to rapidly locate and enlist expertise to provide information and technical advice for addressing invasive insect, plant disease, animal disease, and terrestrial animal species - including early detection, rapid assessment, and response to new invaders.
How Does ITAP Facilitate Interactions Between Interested Federal Departments and Agencies?
As a permanent Federal committee, ITAP provides infrastructure for continuous communication and effective coordination among senior program and technical staff. ITAP serves as a reliable source of state-of-the-science information and technical support for the Council, ISAC, other interagency committees (e.g., FICMNEW, ANSTF), and Federal agencies in addressing threats from invaders, ensuring that the same accurate information is available to all participants.
ITAP also improves access to complementary scientific and technical expertise among the Federal Departments and Agencies on a continuing basis. For example, for a plant disease threat, ITAP could help link Agriculture's sophisticated laboratory facilities and extensive research capacity with Interior's expertise in design of monitoring and modeling/forecasting systems to develop a coordinated response. The shared resources of our member agencies can therefore be harnessed to address invasive issues, not just species by species, but in a coordinated fashion that can look at cumulative impacts of invasive species to biological and human communities and ecosystems.
Related Federal Websites
Serves as a reference and educational gateway to information, organizations, and services about invasive species.
Provides high-level vision and leadership necessary for the prevention, eradication, and control of invasive species in the United States.
Coordinates information regarding the identification and extent of invasive plants in the United States.
Develops and executes programs to limit the introduction and dispersal of Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS).


Version 3 (modified by dac, 6 years ago) (diff)
The steps below describe an easy way of creating mosaics from mapped hyperspectral files, making use of the command line GDAL utilities. They can be installed on Windows through OSGeo4W, and are available on Linux through the package manager (e.g., yum, apt-get).
The initial mosaic is a 'virtual raster', which comprises a text file with links to other files containing the data. It is created using the gdalbuildvrt command, available with GDAL and also in QGIS through the Raster, Miscellaneous menu.
gdalbuildvrt -srcnodata 0 f216_mosaic.vrt /path/to/file/f216073b_mapped_osng.bil /path/to/file/f216083b_mapped_osng.bil
The above command creates a virtual raster 'f216_mosaic.vrt' from two bil files, setting the no-data value to 0. The full path to each BIL file is passed in so they are stored in the VRT (useful if the VRT file is moved). You can also create a VRT from all '.bil' files using:
gdalbuildvrt -srcnodata 0 f216_mosaic.vrt /path/to/file/*.bil
The VRT file can be used as any other file in programs which use GDAL (e.g., QGIS, ArcGIS, TuiView). However, for displaying it is often more convenient to create band / spatial subsets using the gdal_translate, also available through QGIS under Raster, Conversion, Translate.
command. For example to create a three band subset using bands 38, 25 and 12 use:
gdal_translate -of GTiff -b 38 -b 25 -b 12 f216_mosaic.vrt f216_mosaic_bandsubset.tif
Note, as all the flightlines use a slightly different grid a nearest neighbour interpolation will be preformed to create a common grid. Standard GeoTiff's aren't compressed so areas outside the flightlines, which have no data, will take up as much space as pixels with data. You can reduce the file size by using compression. You can tell gdal_translate to create a compressed GeoTiff by passing in a creation option flag for example:
gdal_translate -of GTiff -co "COMPRESS=LZW" -b 38 -b 25 -b 12 f216_mosaic.vrt f216_mosaic_bandsubset.tif
Note, not all programs support compressed GeoTiffs.
To make the mosaic faster to display you can create overviews using the gdaladdo command:
gdaladdo f216_mosaic_bandsubset.tif 2 4 8 16


About try ... catch()
When it is created a PDO object with a connection to a database, in case of an error will throw the PDOException. If the error is not catched with try ... catch() PHP will stop the execution of the script.
PDOException is an extension of the PHP Exception class, that can "catch" the errors.
With try ... catch(), besides the fact that the error is taken and the script can continue its execution, it can also personalize the error message which will be displayed.
Syntax:
try {
 // ... PHP instructions
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
 echo 'Custom Error Message';
 // Output the error code and the error message
 echo $e->getCode(). '-'. $e->getMessage();
}
- $e - is the object that will store the error detected by PHP.
- getCode() - returns the error code.
- getMessage() returns the error message.
If these methods are not added, it can be displayed only a custom message.
setAttribute
The setAttribute() method can be used to set various attributes to the PDO object that handles the connection to database, including how to report the errors catched with "try ... catch()".
Syntax:
$PDOobject->setAttribute(ATTRIBUTE, OPTION)
- ATTRIBUTE - represents the attribute that will be set.
- OPTION - is the option /constant set for that attribute:
- Here's some examples with setAttribute(). It will be used the same "sites" table, created in the previous lessons.
- The next example sets the PDO::ATTR_CASE attribute with the PDO::CASE_UPPER option.
<?php
// Connection data (server_address, database, name, poassword)
$hostdb = 'localhost';
$namedb = 'tests';
$userdb = 'username';
$passdb = 'password';
try {
 // Connect and create the PDO object
 $conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$hostdb; dbname=$namedb", $userdb, $passdb);
 $conn->exec("SET CHARACTER SET utf8"); // Sets encoding UTF-8
 // Set the column names to be returned uppercase
 $conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_CASE, PDO::CASE_UPPER);
 // Select the first row
 $sql = "SELECT * FROM 'sites' LIMIT 1";
 $result = $conn->query($sql)->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); // Execute query and fetch with FETCH_ASSOC
 // If the SQL query is succesfully performed ($result not false)
 if($result !== false) {
 // Traverse the result set and output the column names
 foreach($result as $col=>$row) {
 echo ' - '. $col;
 }
 }
 $conn = null; // Disconnect
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
 echo $e->getMessage();
}
- This script will display the column names in uppercase:
- ID - NAME - CATEGORY - LINK
- The next example uses the setAttribute() to output the errors in the standard mode returned by PHP. It sets the PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE with the PDO::ERRMODE_WARNING option. To demonstrate the result, it is performed an SQL SELECT with a column that not exist in the "sites" table.
<?php
// Connection data (server_address, database, name, poassword)
$hostdb = 'localhost';
$namedb = 'tests';
$userdb = 'username';
$passdb = 'password';
try {
 // Connect and create the PDO object
 $conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$hostdb; dbname=$namedb", $userdb, $passdb);
 // Sets to handle the errors in the PHP standard mode (E_WARNING)
 $conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_WARNING);
 $conn->exec("SET CHARACTER SET utf8"); // Sets encoding UTF-8
 // Select the first row
 $sql = "SELECT 'nocolumn' FROM 'sites' LIMIT 1";
 $result = $conn->query($sql); // Executa interogarea
 // Traverse the result set and output data in the 'nocolumn'
 foreach($result as $row) {
 echo $row['nocolumn'];
 }
 $conn = null; // Disconnect
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
 echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
- Because "nocolumn" not exist, the code above will output this error:
Warning: PDO::query() [pdo.query]: SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'nocolumn' in 'field list' in E:\server\www\test.php on line 19
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in E:\server\www\test.php on line 22
- If you replace the ERRMODE_WARNING option with ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, the error message will be:
SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'nocolumn' in 'field list'
beginTransaction and commit
The beginTransaction() method allows to write SQL statements without to be sent to MySQL server, it is used together with commit().
beginTransaction() stops the execution of any query to the database until the commit() method is called, in that moment will be executed all the SQL queries added between these two methods.
The advantage of this technique is that it can be written several sets of SQL queries, that are "pending", then, when the commit() method is called, all that SQL queries will be executed.
In the next example it is used beginTransaction(), and three SQL commands: UPDATE (to modify data in the row with id=3), INSERT (to add a new row), and SELECT (using the last inserted "id", auto-created by the INSERT). All these instructions will be executed when the commit() method is called (see also the comments in the code).
<?php
// Connection data (server_address, database, name, poassword)
$hostdb = 'localhost';
$namedb = 'tests';
$userdb = 'username';
$passdb = 'password';
try {
 // Connect and create the PDO object
 $conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$hostdb; dbname=$namedb", $userdb, $passdb);
 $conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); // Sets exception mode for errors
 $conn->exec("SET CHARACTER SET utf8"); // Sets encoding UTF-8
 $conn->beginTransaction(); // Start writting the SQL commands
 // 1. Update the columns "name" and "link", in rows with id=3
 $conn->exec("UPDATE 'sites' SET 'name'='Spanish Course', 'link'='_URL_' WHERE 'id'=3");
 // 2. Add a new row
 $conn->exec("INSERT INTO 'sites' ('name', 'category', 'link') VALUES ('JavaScript', 'programming', '_URL_')");
 $last_id = $conn->lastInsertId(); // Get the auto-inserted id
 // 3. Selects the rows with id lower than $last_id
 $result = $conn->query("SELECT 'name', 'link' FROM 'sites' WHERE 'id'<'$last_id'");
 $conn->commit(); // Determine the execution of all SQL queries
 // If the SQL select is succesfully performed ($result not false)
 if($result !== false) {
 echo 'Last inserted id: '. $last_id. '
'; // Displays the last inserted id
 // Traverse the result set and shows the data from each row
 foreach($result as $row) {
 echo $row['name']. ' - '. $row['link']. '
';
 }
 }

 $conn = null;


Development
Displaying Data Tables Fast Using Clusterize.js
January 2nd, 2016
If you have big amounts of data that you want to display in tabular shape within an HTML document, you should always keep an eye on the website's performance. In general, it is possible to make a table with multiple hundreds or thousands of lines. However, it's not always fun to work through a table of this length. Especially when using the mouse wheel, you will quickly notice that scrolling is not as smooth as it usually is. The amount of data in the table pressures the browser. Clusterize.js is a JavaScript library that helps with that issue by only loading and displaying certain parts of the table.
clusterizejs
Simple concept, big impact
Clusterize.js requires that only a piece of a table is displayed within a scrollable container. Instead of all lines, you'll only see a few lines. The container has a scrollbar, which allows you to move through the entire table. However, Clusterize.js makes sure that not the entire table is loaded. Instead, only the visible part of the table will be created in the DOM structure. As soon as someone scrolls within the table container, new table data is loaded. To make the scrollbar work, a certain height is added to the invisible areas. This allows you to scroll through the chart just like usual.
The difference is especially noticeable when dealing with huge amounts of data. The automatic reload via JavaScript makes sure that there are only a few chart lines at once. That's the reason for the slim source and it prevents performance problems. Besides the acceleration, the user won't notice a difference. The loading of the data happens in the background.
Loading tables via Clusterize.js
In order to be able to use Clusterize.js, you need to integrate the library's JavaScript and stylesheet file at the end of the HTML body. Afterwards, you can choose between two loading options. When you already have a table with all lines, Clusterize.js causes the lines to be removed and saved in an array that is outside of the visible area. Alternatively, you can also mark an empty chart and directly transfer the lines as a JavaScript array. Then, the single lines need to be marked via HTML, however.

 Lade Daten …

This example shows, how a chart needs to be labelled to make it useable for Clusterize.js. Two „
" elements are created, so that the table's body lines can be scrolled independently from the headers. This means, that the first table contains the fixed headers. The second table, which is placed within a „
" element, is scrollable. The paling container element makes sure that only a section of the chart is visible. It's important that the respective classes are also given („clusterize", „clusterize-scroll" and „clusterize-content"). The table is addressed via Clusterize.js using the ID of the „
" element and the included „
" element.
var daten = ["
…
", "
…
", …];
var clusterize = new Clusterize({
 rows: daten,
 scrollId: "scrollArea",
 contentId: "contentArea"
});
As the table doesn't contain any content yet, the content needs to be transferred using an array. Here, the array „data", which contains entirely marked lines that are initiated via „
" element, is used. This array is handed over to the „Clusterize()" object option „rows". When the lines are all labelled within the „
" element, the „rows" option is simply left out.
You can set the area that defines the scrollable area, in which the actual table is placed, by using the option „scrollId". The chart is addressed via „contentId".
There's nothing else to do. Clusterize.js makes sure that the right lines are loaded and displayed automatically. The whole thing is not restricted to tables, it also works for lists. You can load sorted („
") as well as unsorted lists („
") the same way. Naturally, this only makes sense when you have accordingly long lists where you can expect an improved performance.
Changeable amount of lines per block
By default, there are always 50 lines loaded in one block which is then placed within the table. However, the number of lines can be set individually in the options. For example, when there are always more than 50 visible lines due to the chart's design, you should adjust the amount of loaded lines per block accordingly.
The amount of blocks in a cluster can also be edited. By default, there is a maximum of four clusters in the table.
var clusterize = new Clusterize({
 …
 rows_in_block: 50,
 blocks_in_cluster: 4
});
There are other optional settings as well. Notably, the option to define an element to fill the table using „tag". When no element is chosen via „tag", Clusterize.js automatically selects a fitting one – for example, „
" for charts and „
" for lists. A height equivalent to the height of the not loaded table lines or list elements is assigned to these placeholder elements via the CSS attribute „height".
clusterizejs_quelltext
Source text of a table altered with Clusterize.js: Not yet loaded lines are displayed as a line with an according height
Although the framework deals with the loading of content by itself, there are methods to update data and add new lines to a chart.
clusterize.append();
The example with the method „append()" causes new data to be attached to the end of the table. This usually happens when scrolling down. Analogously, there is the method „prepend()", which adds the data to the beginning. This usually happens when scrolling up.
Browser Support and Download Link
Clusterize.js works on all modern and mobile browsers, including the Internet Explorer from version 8 and up. However, there is one thing to keep in mind. The height for the not displayed content is defined via CSS. This height can end up being rather big when dealing with hundreds or thousands of chart lines. The problem is, that all browsers have different maximum values for heights. Webkit browsers, for example, can go up to around 134 million pixels, while Gecko browsers can „only" interpret ten million pixels of height. You should keep these limits in mind.
The library is available under the liberal MIT license and can thus also be used commercially. When you want to convince yourself of the performance difference, you can find a very convincing example on the project website. You can compare a „normal" table to a Clusterize.js optimised table there.
Denis works as a freelance web designer since 2005.
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Francis Kim
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6 months 12 days ago
looks like a sweet little plugin – thanks!
wpDiscuz


Catholic University Clinic of Psychology - CUP
The development of a higher education project in Psychology involves creating structures to carry activities such as practical training, teaching and scientific research, thus the Faculty of Education and Psychology has created a psychological consultation service. The CUP allows activities closer to the professional practice for students, supporting their development stage and advanced training programs in the area of psychological intervention. In addition, it contributes to the development of research lines, allowing systematic and more efficient monitoring of intervention processes. Finally, the CUP of the Catholic University in Porto embodies a strong connection to the target community, providing psychological support through cooperation protocols with entities as well as private users.
Visit the website


into other processes:
 1. Start the RuntimeObjectEditorLoader.exe (the loader that can inject the editor into other processes).
 2. Start any .NET application (.NET 1.1 or .NET 2.0).
 3. Drag and drop the WindowFinder on any window from the newly started .NET process.
 - The title of the editor will change to "target in different process. release selection to hook".
 4. Once you release the mouse after the drag and drop operation, the RuntimeObjectEditor will hook into the selected process and restart inside the new process.
 5. Start playing with the objects from the new process.
Note:
 - Some .NET processes use unmanaged windows that can not be hooked by the RuntimeObjectEditor (e.g.: you can not select a button from a MessageBox or a web browser window hosted in another process).
 - If you open a modal dialog and you can not get access to the RuntimeObjectEditor anymore, just press Control+Shift+R to restart the RuntimeObjectEditor on top of the modal window you have active.
 - Once loaded in a process, the RuntimeObjectEditor can "jump" into another process if you drag the window finder to a window in another process.
 - If you want to hook into Visual Studio, you can start by selecting the Properties window of Visual Studio or any form open in Design mode.
 - Changes done to forms that are visible in Design mode inside Visual Studio do get applied if you switch to a code window or save the form.
Integrating RuntimeObjectEditor into your application
 1. Add a reference to RuntimeObjectEditor.dll.
 2. Write RuntimeObjectEditor.ObjectEditor.Instance.Enable(); in your static void Main just before your Application.Run code. This will enable the ObjectEditor and will register the hotkey. The default hotkey used is "Control+Shift+R". If you want to change the default hotkey, just set RuntimeObjectEditor.ObjectEditor.Instance.HotKey to whatever key combination you want. The property supports combinations like: Control|Alt|Shift|+key (e.g.: Control+Shift+Alt+F1).
 3. When running your application, press the hot key combinations you registered and start playing with the editor.
Future improvements
 - Provide better invoke options (invoke on request).
 - Be able to hook/log any event, and maybe break into debugger.
 - Make a log with all the changes you apply to a window so you can then copy/paste them into code.
 - Integrate with Lutz Roeder's .NET Reflector.
References
History
 - You can always find the latest version at: Runtime Object Editor's Blog.
 - 29 May 2006 v1.1.4 - Second major release:
 - Show/Edit fields.
 - Show/Edit all properties.
 - Navigate collections.
 - Show events and registered event listeners.
 - Show process information.
 - Navigate back/forward between objects.
 - Inject into running .NET processes.
 - 27 Feb 2005 v1.0.1 - First version:
 - Show/Edit public properties normally visible in the Designer.
 - Invoke methods on objects.
 - Code integration in other applications.
Acknowledgements
I have to thank Rama Krishna Vavilala for his article A simple Windows Forms properties spy, from where I got the process injection code and integrated it into the RuntimeObjectEditor.
License
This article has no explicit license attached to it but may contain usage terms in the article text or the download files themselves. If in doubt please contact the author via the discussion board below.
A list of licenses authors might use can be found here
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About the Author
Corneliu Tusnea
Technical Lead OneSaas - Cloud Integrations Made Easy
Australia Australia
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GeneralMy vote of 5 Pin
itsho23-Jul-13 2:10
memberitsho23-Jul-13 2:10
GeneralRe: My vote of 5 Pin
Corneliu Tusnea23-Jul-13 3:35
memberCorneliu Tusnea23-Jul-13 3:35
QuestionWhat about in win32 process ? Pin
leal854-Nov-10 5:43
memberleal854-Nov-10 5:43
QuestionRuntimeEditorHook Pin
AdeS8921-Oct-10 23:52
memberAdeS8921-Oct-10 23:52
GeneralOutOfMemoryException Pin
Member 462140918-Sep-08 1:31
memberMember 462140918-Sep-08 1:31
Generallive Pin
bullnan6-May-08 16:15
memberbullnan6-May-08 16:15
QuestionUse for replacement of PropertyGrid, in vb.net Pin
Member 222717110-Apr-08 11:54
memberMember 222717110-Apr-08 11:54
_URL_ Pin
Corneliu Tusnea14-Mar-08 19:32
memberCorneliu Tusnea14-Mar-08 19:32
GeneralGet Object in Internet Explorer Pin
ramip9-Dec-07 3:00
memberramip9-Dec-07 3:00
Generalget Object in Web Browser Pin
ramip9-Dec-07 2:52
memberramip9-Dec-07 2:52
GeneralWeb &quot;Dynamic Property&quot; framework. [modified] Pin
codezilla942-Oct-07 13:53
membercodezilla942-Oct-07 13:53
General5 Of Course. Pin
Hoss Fly25-Sep-07 17:20
memberHoss Fly25-Sep-07 17:20
GeneralAccess denied error - with a solution Pin
Keith Iveson21-Sep-07 2:22
memberKeith Iveson21-Sep-07 2:22
GeneralGreat Job! And a suggestion ... Pin
cplotts19-Jun-07 11:14
membercplotts19-Jun-07 11:14
GeneralRe: Great Job! And a suggestion ... Pin
cplotts21-Jun-07 5:55
membercplotts21-Jun-07 5:55
QuestionCornelus, where are you? Pin
caddzooks10-Jun-07 13:34
membercaddzooks10-Jun-07 13:34
GeneralCompliments again Pin
Marcus Deecke30-May-07 10:57
memberMarcus Deecke30-May-07 10:57
QuestionHow to edit an object which is not a part of a control? Pin
Diana Fernandez29-Jan-07 22:56
memberDiana Fernandez29-Jan-07 22:56
AnswerRe: How to edit an object which is not a part of a control? Pin
vtalau31-Oct-07 22:57
membervtalau31-Oct-07 22:57
AnswerRe: How to edit an object which is not a part of a control? Pin
Nilzor20-Mar-10 7:27
memberNilzor20-Mar-10 7:27
GeneralBreeding Pin
Marcus Deecke15-Nov-06 13:33
memberMarcus Deecke15-Nov-06 13:33
GeneralRe: Breeding Pin
Corneliu Tusnea3-Dec-06 2:00
memberCorneliu Tusnea3-Dec-06 2:00
QuestionGreat stuff. How about as a generic control? Pin
mpwcsfb13-Nov-06 5:47
membermpwcsfb13-Nov-06 5:47
AnswerRe: Great stuff. How about as a generic control? Pin
Corneliu Tusnea13-Nov-06 22:32
memberCorneliu Tusnea13-Nov-06 22:32
GeneralHawkeye - I can see your SecureStrings! Pin
Corneliu Tusnea26-Oct-06 3:18
memberCorneliu Tusnea26-Oct-06 3:18
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text:
We need your help now to make a difference to a child's education.
The British Science Association is a charity that is committed to inspiring the UK's future scientists and engineers. One of the ways we do this is through our CREST Star Investigators scheme.
CREST Star Investigators is a UK wide awards scheme designed to enable children aged five to eleven to solve science, technology, engineering and maths problems through practical investigation. We currently reach 10% of UK primary schools, and an estimated 60,000 young people complete a CREST Star award every year. An external evaluation demonstrated that CREST Star not only increased enthusiasm for science among children, but also improved thinking, talking and listening skills.
We are launching a major redevelopment of CREST Star Investigators to expand the reach and accessibility of the scheme and ensure its future, however we still have a £26,000 shortfall. Your contribution will help us achieve our aim to reach 500 new primary schools a year and to ensure that ALL primary school children have access to the scheme whatever their background and wherever in the UK they are.
The primary school years are crucial in developing a pupil's long-term interest in science. It is during the primary years that children's attitudes to science are nurtured, and later carried over into secondary school and adulthood. With your support the CREST Star Investigators scheme will reach thousands more children.
- Make a one-off donation or set up a regular donation through justgiving.
- Donate by post. Download a British Science Association donation form.


namely loops because you are working with multiple, near-identical elements. The next example demonstrates this.
TRY IT OUT Check Boxes and Radio Buttons
Let's look at an example that makes use of all the properties, methods, and events we have just discussed. The example is a simple form that enables a user to build a computer system. Perhaps it could be used in an e-commerce situation, to sell computers with the exact specifications determined by the customer.
<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Chapter 11: Example 6</title>

<form action="" name="form1">

Tick all of the components you want included on your computer

DVD-ROM
<input type="checkbox" id="chkDVD" name="chkDVD" value="DVD-ROM" />

Blu-ray
<input type="checkbox" id="chkBluRay" name="chkBluRay"
value="Blu-ray" />

Select the processor speed you require

<input type="radio" name="radCpuSpeed" checked="checked"
value="3.2 ghz" />
3.2 GHz
<input type="radio" name="radCpuSpeed" value="3.7 ghz" />
3.7 GHz
<input type="radio" name="radCpuSpeed" value="4.0 ghz" />
4.0 GHz

<input type="button" value="Check form" name="btnCheck" />
</form>

Save the page as ch11_example6.html and load it into your web browser. You should see a form like the one shown in Figure 11.7.
images
Figure 11.7
Check some of the check boxes, change the processor speed, and click the Check Form button. A message box appears and lists the components and processor speed you selected. For example, if you select a DVD-ROM and a 4.0 GHz processor speed, you will see something like what is shown in Figure 11.8.
images
Figure 11.8
Note that the 3.7 GHz processor is out of stock, so if you choose that, a message box tells you it's out of stock, and the 3.2 GHz processor speed radio button won't be selected. The previous setting will be restored when the user dismisses the message box.
Let's first look at the body of the page, where you define the check boxes and radio buttons and a standard button inside a form called form1. You start with the check boxes:

Tick all of the components you want included on your computer

DVD-ROM
<input type="checkbox" id="chkDVD" name="chkDVD" value="DVD-ROM" />

Blu-ray
<input type="checkbox" id="chkBluRay" name="chkBluRay" value="Blu-ray" />

Each check box has a label and is contained within a
 element for formatting purposes.
Next come the radio buttons for selecting the required CPU speed. Again, each has a label, but unlike the check boxes, these radio buttons are contained within a single
 element:

Select the processor speed you require

<input type="radio" name="radCpuSpeed" checked="checked"
value="3.2 ghz" />
3.2 GHz
<input type="radio" name="radCpuSpeed" value="3.7 ghz" />
3.7 GHz
<input type="radio" name="radCpuSpeed" value="4.0 ghz" />
4.0 GHz

The radio button group name is radCpuSpeed. Here, the first one is set to be checked by default by the inclusion of the checked attribute inside the <input/> element's definition. It's a good idea to ensure that you have one radio button checked by default, because if you do not and the user doesn't select a button, the form will be submitted with no value for that radio group.
Next, the standard button that completes your form:
<input type="button" value="Check form" name="btnCheck" />
Before proceeding further, a note: To make the JavaScript code easier, you could use the onclick attributes on each of the radio buttons as well as the standard button. But as mentioned in Chapter 10, you want to avoid those attributes as much as possible because it couples your HTML and JavaScript together.
Two functions are used to handle the click events for the standard button and the radio buttons: btnCheckClick() and radCpuSpeedClick(), respectively. And before we look at these functions, you first need to register the click event listeners on their respective elements. As in previous examples, first create a variable called myForm to reference the form in the document:
var myForm = document.form1;
Now, register the click event listener on your radio buttons. Unfortunately, there's no magical command that says "use this function to handle all the radio buttons' click events." So, you'll have to call addEventListener() on every Radio object. This isn't as difficult as it sounds; a for loop will help you:
for (var index = 0; index < myForm.radCpuSpeed.length; index++) {
myForm.radCpuSpeed[index].addEventListener("click", radCpuSpeedClick);
}
This for loop is fairly straightforward except for one thing: myForm.radCpuSpeed. What you are doing here is using the collection for the radCpuSpeed radio group. Each element in the collection actually contains an object, namely each of your three Radioobjects. Therefore, you're looping over the Radio objects in the radCpuSpeed radio group, retrieving the Radio object at the given index, and calling its addEventListener() method.
Next, register the event listener for the form's standard button:
myForm.btnCheck.addEventListener("click", btnCheckClick);
Now let's look at the radCpuSpeedClick


text:
In this Article
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.
Bisphosphonate medications and phosphate salts can both lower calcium levels in the body. Taking large amounts of phosphate salts might cause calcium levels to become too low.
The adequate intakes (AI) for infants are: 100 mg for infants 0-6 months old and 275 mg for infants 7-12 months of age.
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL), the highest intake level at which no unwanted side effects are expected, for phosphate (expressed as phosphorus) per day are: children 1-8 years, 3 grams per day; children and adults 9-70 years, 4 grams; adults older than 70 years, 3 grams; pregnant women 14-50 years, 3.5 grams; and breast-feeding women 14-50 years, 4 grams.
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Get the latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox FREE!


text:
Botanical name: Capsicum frutescens cv. Nagahari Family: Solanaceae (Potato family)
Native to Assam, Tezpur Chilli is the plant that produces the hottest chilli on earth. Tests in 2006 conclusively proved that Tezpur Chilli is many times hotter than the previously believed hottest chilli, Red Savina from Mexico. Flowers do not look very different from the normal chilli flowers. However, the plant can grow tall, like a shrub. Tezpur Chilli is an old favourite in the North-East. Known in Manipuri as Oomorok (tree pepper), it is a much loved chilli in Manipur.
- Is this flower misidentified? If yes,
The flower labeled Tezpur Chilli is...


text:
Origin of diversity in falling snow
- ISSN: _PHONE_
- DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-5669-2008
This paper presents a systematic way to examine the origin of variety in falling snow. First, we define shape diversity as the logarithm of the number of possible distinguishable crystal forms for a given resolution and set of conditions, and then we examine three sources of diversity. Two sources are the range of initial-crystal sizes and variations in the trajectory variables. For a given set of variables, diversity is estimated using a model of a crystal falling in an updraft. The third source is temperature-updraft heterogeneities along each trajectory. To examine this source, centimeter-scale data on cloud temperature and updraft speed are used to estimate the spatial frequency (m−1) of crystal feature changes. For air-temperature heterogeneity, this frequency decays as p−0.66, where p is a measure of the temperature-deviation size. For updraft-speed heterogeneity, the decay is p−0.50. By using these frequencies, the fallpath needed per feature change is found to range from ~0.8 m, for crystals near −15°C, to ~8 m near −19°C – lengths much less than total fallpath lengths. As a result, the third source dominates the diversity, with updraft heterogeneity contributing more than temperature heterogeneity. Plotted against the crystal's initial temperature (−11 to −19°C), the diversity curve is "mitten shaped", having a broad peak near −15.4°C and a sharp subpeak at −14.4°C, both peaks arising from peaks in growth-rate sensitivity. The diversity is much less than previous estimates, yet large enough to explain observations. For example, of all snow crystals ever formed, those that began near −15°C are predicted to all appear unique to 1−μm resolution, but those that began near −11°C are not.


text:
One of my favorite constellations, little squarish Corvus the Crow, can be found in the south after sunset at this time of year. It's not far from the bright star Spica – and, in 2013, the golden planet Saturn. Learn more about how to find Spica and Saturn here.
Once you find Spica and Saturn in sring 2013, you'll recognize the constellation Corvus. It's always near the star Spica on the sky's dome. It's recognizable for its compact, boxy shape.
Corvus is an easy constellation to pick out in the sky. In Greek mythology, Corvus was seen as the cupbearer to Apollo, god of the sun. In ancient Israel, Corvus wasn't a crow. Instead, it was seen as a raven. In China, this grouping of stars had more distinction as an Imperial Chariot, riding on the wind.
Corvus is a friendly sight in the heavens. Along with all the stars, Corvus's stars will be found a bit farther west at nightfall in the coming weeks and months as Earth moves around the sun. Check it out now and watch for it in the next few months. The bright star Spica – near Corvus on our sky's dome – will always be there to guide your eye.
Bottom line: Use the star Spica – and in 2013 the planet Saturn – to introduce yourself to the constelaltion Corvus the Crow.


text:
A new geoemydid turtle, Ocadia tanegashimensis (Testudines: Geoemydidae) is described on the basis of a relatively well-preserved shell from the lower middle Miocene of Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, southwestern Japan. This species is clearly distinguished from two congeneric species (extant O. sinensis and O. nipponica from the middle Pleistocene of eastern Japan) due to the presence of the following character states: length of the entoplastron as long as the interhyoplastral suture, the costals dovetailed with one another in outline, the third pleural overlapping only the sixth and seventh peripherals. The present study suggests that the initial intrageneric diversification of Ocadia began not later than the early Miocene in eastern Asia.
- Kawachi formation
- Kukinaga group
- Ocadia tanegashimensis sp. nov.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
- Animal Science and Zoology