Curation for Engagement
[fa icon="calendar"] Aug 16, 2019 1:26:04 PM / by Elizabeth Chaney
Elizabeth Chaney
Driving engagement is all about enabling the user to easily get to what they need when they need it to accomplish what they are trying to do. Webinfinity data has confirmed that curation is key.
There are multiple ways to curate assets within the Webinfinity system - interests, tag-driven widgets, collections and information pages.
Webinfinity - Many curation options
The Webinfinity solution is designed with many different curation options to drive engagement. "Interests" are driven by tags in the system. They can be configured for specific user engagement scenarios such as a library of specific resources, resources for a specific task, promotions for a specific product or solution, and many more only limited by the curator's imagination and target user needs. An Interest automatically curates specific types of resources, for specific types of job functions and tasks, and for specific geographic locations and languages, according to the configured rules. Interests become extremely useful when the curator wishes to auto-curate a specific group of defined assets.
To create an interest, the content must all have at least one factor in common. For example, an interest can be all battle cards loaded into the system or it can be all battle cards for a specific geography, target audience or selling situation. Interests become fragmented and potentially less useful, when the topic broadens to more types of assets, user roles, geographies or tasks. They are most valuable when the defining point of curation can be pinpointed.
Dynamic tag-driven widgets in the Webinfinity solution work in much the same way as interests. These widgets are useful to present information to the user with specific tags typically on an information page or as assets related to a specific item. "Explore Count" widgets present the user with a count so they can easily see how many assets are available - key uses being for suggested content in a guided selling scenario, the number of approved incentives, and many more. "Tag Explore" widgets are useful when the curator wants to automatically create a list of assets on a page, using the tag categories contained in an entire tag list. This is a quick way to auto-build an explore page for users to quickly see what's available for a specific product or solution area.
"Collections" and "Information Pages" are designed to easily and manually curate an experience, configuring content, applications and tools together to produce quality outcomes for specific job functions and tasks, and for specific geographic locations and languages. Collections are ordered by the curator to potentially guide the users through the assets on a specific topic. Search and filtering work inside the collection to enable the user to easily pinpoint what they need. Information Pages are designed to provide an even more structured approach to the presentation of the assets. They are an aggregation point for a curated experience, combining interests, collections and potentially the dynamic widgets described above.
Manual vs. dynamic curation - which is best?
Manual curation is better suited for specific product launches and announcements, specific time-stamped incentives and promotions, or specific guided experiences needing a manually configured structure. Manual curation would apply if the content does not have one specific tag common denominator. A product launch may include price lists, battle cards, guides, product specifications and more.
Dynamic curation is particularly powerful when the curator wishes the system to auto-track and add assets as they are posted - e.g. news, technical reports, promotions, deals, price lists, etc. Dynamic curation is used for grouping items to produce a pinpointed experience such as is the case with specific asset libraries, and possibly specific tasks depending on the breadth and variability of the assets. Dynamic curation could also be ideal for regional curators looking to group specific announcements or promotions for a specific country or region. This task can be onerous if done manually.
The final decision regarding dynamic vs. manual curation of content has to do with placement. A dynamic "interest" will list items chronologically with the newest item on top. A manual "collection" or "information page" allows the curator to order the content items based on what makes sense for the topic at hand. The key here is to understand what the target users need to find what they need to accomplish their task.
Topics: Enterprise, Personalized Experience, Content, Engagement
Elizabeth Chaney
Written by Elizabeth Chaney


text:
A research methods tool created to help researchers, faculty and students with their research projects, including over 100,000 pages of related resources and information.
SAGE Research Methods is a research methods tool created to help researchers, faculty and students with their research projects. SAGE Research Methods links over 100,000 pages of SAGE's renowned book, journal and reference content with truly advanced search and discovery tools. Researchers can explore methods concepts to help them design research projects, understand particular methods or identify a new method, conduct their research, and write up their findings. Since SAGE Research Methods focuses on methodology rather than disciplines, it can be used across the social sciences, health sciences, and more. SAGE Research Methods contains content from more than 640 books, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and handbooks, the entire Little Green Book, and Little Blue Book series, two Major Works collating a selection of journal articles, and newly commissioned videos.
Research database with psychological tests, measures, scales, surveys, and descriptive information about test development and administration.
PsycTESTS is a research database that provides access to psychological tests, measures, scales, surveys, and other assessments as well as descriptive information about the test and its development and administration.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Purpose of activity: To learn the chemical formulas for some common minerals.
Target age group: any, but ideal for ages 9-13
Description of activity: A card/dice game. Players roll three dice marked with element symbols. If they roll the elements required to make one of the minerals, they pick up the card. First player to pick up five cards wins.
Time needed: One game can take anywhere from 5-20 minutes. It's a short game that you play more than once.
Materials you will need: Copies of pattern pages printed onto card stock, scissors, glue

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
noun, plural: gene pools
(population genetics) The total number of genes of every individual in an interbreeding population
Gene pool refers to the total number of genes of every individual in a population. It usually involves a particular species within a population. Determining the gene pool is important in analyzing the genetic diversity of a population. The more genetically diverse is a population, the better are the chances of acquiring traits that boost biological fitness and survival.
A large gene pool indicates high genetic diversity, increased chances of biological fitness, and survival. A small gene pool indicates low genetic diversity, reduced chances of acquiring biological fitness, and increased possibility of extinction. Genetic equilibrium is a condition where a gene pool is not changing in frequency because the evolutionary forces acting upon the allele are equal. As a result, the population does not evolve even after several generations.
Gene pool increases when mutation occurs and survives. Gene pool decreases when the population size is significantly reduced (e.g. famine, genetic disease, etc.). Some of the consequences when gene pool is small are low fertility, and increased probability of acquiring genetic diseases and deformities.
Gene pool gives an idea of the number of genes, the variety of genes and the type of genes existing in a population. It can be used to help determine gene frequencies or the ratio between different types of genes in a population.


text:
Catch Every Ray of Light: Keep sunlight at a 90° angle and concentrate the sun's rays onto the surface of your solar panel. The Solar Angle Guide gives you a way to maximize solar exposure.
Seriously Simple to Use: Clip to the edge of your solar panel. Next, align your solar panel to the sun's rays using the shadow. Once aligned, you're good to go.
Built to Last: The Solar Angle Guide will be on the front line when it comes to the sun's rays. Its UV resistant properties mean you'll be able to increase solar intake and shorten solar charging times for years to come.
Get Your Angles Right: Thanks to its transparent shell, you can line up the sun's shadow to the center of the Solar Angle Guide. This ensures you're perpendicular to the sun's strongest rays.
Solar Angle Guide: How to Use
1. Clip the guide to the edge of your solar panel.
2. Angle your solar panel so the sun is shining through the transparent shell of the guide.
3. Once the sun is shining through a transparent shell, adjust the angle of your solar panel until the shadow hits the middle of the guide.
4.Aim to get as close to the middle as possible. The closer the angle of sunlight to 90°, the higher solar intake and a shorter solar charging time you'll get.
Dimensions: 1.97*2.12*1.18 in /50*54*30mm
Weight: 0.06lb / 25g
Adding product to your cart
Please note the difference in voltage between the US and EU. If you are a Ukraine user we will redirect your to the EU site to continue shopping.
Since each region has specific voltage and plug requirements, we'll redirect you to your location.
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Language
Last year, I spent some time working with Maurits van der Schee's "php-crud-api", an open-source PHP project that creates a RESTful API from an existing relational database. The project officially supports PHP 5.3 through 7.1 in combination with Postgres 9.1+, MySQL 5.5+, MS SQL Server 2012+, and SQLite 3, which means there are dozens of combinations of PHP and databases to potentially support.
If you've ever maintained an open-source package, you know how tough it can be to prevent breaking changes in older versions of the language. Docker makes this easier as you no longer have to set up and run multiple virtual machines to verify your application works. For example, let's say you have a PHP function that will sort an array of objects:
< ?php
function sortArrayOfObjects(string $field, array $objects): array
{
 usort($objects, function ($a, $b) use ($field) {
 return $a->{$field} < => $b->{$field};
 });
 return $objects;
}
This function uses some of the newest features from PHP 7, including scalar type hinting, return type declarations, and the "spaceship" operator.
In order to find out if this code will work with an older version of PHP, simply run the test (see the test code here) from within a Docker container:
# Running in PHP 5.6 leads to a syntax error
$ docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app -w /app php:5.6 vendor/bin/phpunit index.php
> Parse error: syntax error, unexpected ':', expecting '{' in /app/index.php on line 12
# Running in PHP 7.0 works
$ docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app -w /app php:7.0 vendor/bin/phpunit index.php
> PHPUnit 5.7.27 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.
> ...
> OK (1 test, 2 assertions)
If you're not familiar with the Docker CLI or run command, check out the official documentation or this short tutorial on running a PHP script in Docker.
Now you have a simple way to verify that your tests will pass (or fail) in any version of PHP for which there is a Docker Image. Unlike setting up and running a virtual machine, running a Docker container takes just seconds once you've downloaded the image.
2: Testing Required Extensions
Another common problem that developers run into is knowing how their code will run on a new server. Even if you know which version of the programming language is running, you may not have all of the same extensions available. For example, PHP does not necessarily include the MySQLi extension, so if your app needs to connect to a MySQL database, this will be a big problem.
Let's say you wrote a function that connects to your database and returns the version of MySQL:
function getMysqlVersion(): string
{
 $link = mysqli_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS);
 if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
 throw new Exception("Connection failed: %s\n" . mysqli_connect_error());
 }
 $version = mysqli_get_server_version($link);
 mysqli_close($link);
 return $version;
}
If you test this (see test here) in the default PHP 7.2 Docker image, it will fail:
$ docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app -w /app --link database php:7.2 vendor/bin/phpunit index.php
> Error: Call to undefined function mysqli_connect()
This tells you that the code requires an extension that PHP doesn't have by default, but you can include it if you build your own Docker Image. To build a custom image, add a Dockerfile to the project that adds the MySQLi extension:
FROM php:7.2
RUN docker-php-ext-install mysqli
Then build a new image and run your test in the new image:
# Build a custom Docker image from our Dockerfile
$ docker build . -t php-72-mysqli
# Run our test using the new image
$ docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app -w /app --link database php-72-mysqli vendor/bin/phpunit index.php
Now your tests will pass, and you can commit this Dockerfile to ensure that other developers know this extension is required. If all the developers on your team commit to local development in Docker, it greatly reduces the all-to-common "works on my machine" excuse.
3: Integration Testing Different Services
Another challenge I ran into when testing PHP Crud API was that it had to support four different databases and many versions of each. It would be nearly impossible to test every combination in virtual machines, but Docker makes spinning up and connecting to different databases very easy.
For example, if you want to run your tests in MySQL 5.6 and 5.7, you can start two containers:
# Starts a MySQL 5.6 container
docker run --name mysql-56 --rm -d -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=true -e MYSQL_DATABASE=test mysql:5.6
# Starts a MySQL 5.7 container
docker run --name mysql-57 --rm -d -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=true -e MYSQL_DATABASE=test mysql:5.7
The following PHP code creates a JSON column on your table (see the whole file on GitHub):
/**
 * Creates a table with JSON fields, a feature only available in MySQL 5.7+.
 */
function createTableWithJsonFields(): bool
{
 $link = getLink();
 mysqli_select_db($link, DB_DATABASE);
 $createTableQuery = 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS '.DB_TABLE.' (id INT, json_field JSON);';
 if (!$result = mysqli_query($link, $createTableQuery)) {
 throw new Exception("Table could not be created.");
 }
 mysqli_close($link);
 return $result;
}
The test for this code makes sure the table was successfully created. Now you can run your tests against the MySQL 5.6 and MySQL 5.7 containers:
# Connect to the MySQL 5.6 container and run tests
docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app -w /app --link mysql-56 php-72-mysqli vendor/bin/phpunit index.php
> Exception: Table could not be created.
# Connect to the MySQL 5.7 container and run tests
docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app -w /app --link mysql-57 php-72-mysqli vendor/bin/phpunit index.php
> OK (1 test, 3 assertions)
This tells you that the application will run with a MySQL 5.7 database, but not 5.6, and that can save you a lot of time debugging. You can use this same strategy to verify that updating your web server or caching service won't break your core codebase.
4: Seeding Data with Volumes
While running multiple versions of your language and services may be helpful for open-source projects, you might not have to worry about those situations in your day-to-day work. That said, there are still plenty of cases where Docker can help your test suite. For example, what if you need to seed the same data in your database every time you run your tests?
At The Graide Network, we run a suite of microservices that can seed themselves independently, but when we want to run end-to-end tests, it's a little trickier. We use a SQL file mounted into our database container via a Docker volume to make sure that the database is set up the same every time we run our tests.
For example, if you check some dummy data into your version control, you can make sure all developers use the same data to start their MySQL container:
docker run --name database --rm -d -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=true -v $(pwd)/data:/var/lib/mysql mysql:5.7
The command above mounts the ./data directory into /var/lib/mysql, the folder that hosts MySQL's data files, so each time you start up this


text:
2019 Gold Best Charter School
Vista is a public charter school that operates under the direction of the Utah State Board of Education, the Utah State Charter School Board, and the school's local Board of Directors. Its primary funding source is public education funds provided by the State of Utah.
Vista seeks to enhance academic achievement by providing specialized instruction in Math, Science, Technology, and History by highly qualified teachers beginning in 1st grade. This means students learn from the earliest grades from a teacher who is an expert in his or her individual field and who understands how to help the students best learn a specific topic.
Vista broadens students' academic experiences by providing them with opportunities to explore elective coursework in visual and performing arts and technology. Our students look forward to coming to school because offerings match their interests, which benefit all aspects of their academic experience including academic achievement and attitude.
After school programs at Vista give students the opportunity to pursue their passion in athletics, technology, dance, strings, and theater at a fraction of the typical cost of private instruction. Students may participate in as many after school programs as they choose.
Vista's teachers and administration are highly qualified and are required to maintain their teaching certifications. They are leaders in their areas of expertise and student achievement is a reflection of their dedication to their profession. Because Vista is not part of a traditional school district, teachers are free to pursue instruction methods that yield the best results, instead of a predetermined curriculum and teaching delivery method.
- Vista provides a safe environment for students K-8th grade.
- Specialized instruction in Math, Science, Technology, & History begins in 1st grade, not 6th.
- Elective Arts and Technology offerings get students excited to come to school.
- After school programs in athletics, technology, dance, strings, and theater at a fraction of private instruction cost.
- Highly qualified teachers in an environment where instruction is supported by administration.


text:
A synthetic gas generator and gas reactor test system. The system is configurable to provide a number of alternative flow paths, each with different furnace and reactor configurations. Various types of reactors, and combinations of two or three reactors, may be installed and tested. Injected agents, such as reducing agents, are injected in a manner that prevents unwanted reactions with the test gas. The system is especially useful for testing vehicle emissions aftertreatment devices.
Date Of Issue:
Rijing Zhan; Thomas R. Gabehart


text:
How does state level tax administration reduce business administrative expenses?
Answer: Businesses do not have to file tax returns with each jurisdiction in which it sells a product or service. Each state provides a central point of administration for all state and local sales and use taxes and distributes the local taxes to the local governments. Each state also requires its local governments to tax and exempt the same products and services as the state. This minimizes the information a business must know to conduct business in a state

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Help:Contents import
From semantic-mediawiki.org
This help page explains how the contents import is done with help of the "Importer" feature provided since Semantic MediaWiki 2.5.0Released on 14 March 2017 and compatible with MW 1.23.0 - 1.29.x..1 In short, import is done upon Installation of Semantic MediaWiki from legitimate files located in the directory specified with configuration parameter $smwgImportFileDirsSets the contents import directory for legitimate files to be imported upon Installation of Semantic MediaWiki which are available in the .json format (currently no other formats are supported) and contain the version specified with configuration parameter $smwgImportReqVersionSets the contents import file version for legitimate files to be imported upon Installation of Semantic MediaWiki. After every import maintenance script setupStore.phpAllows to set up the data backend/store has to be run.
Preselected import content is defined in the "vocabulary.json" file and includes "Smw import skos", "Smw import foaf", "Foaf:knows", "Foaf:name" and "Foaf:homepage".
The objective of the Importer is to provide a simple mechanism for deploying data structures and support information in a loose yet structured form during the installation (setup) process.
Import definitions
$smwgImportFileDirs defines import directories from where content can be imported.
Import definitions are defined using a JSON format which provides the structural means and is considered easily extendable by end-users.
The import files are sorted and therefore sequentially processed based on the file name. In case where content relies on other content an appropriate naming convention should be followed to ensure required definitions are imported in the expected order.
Default definitions
Preselected import content is defined in the "default.json" file and includes:
 - "Smw import skos"
 - "Smw import owl"
 - "Smw import foaf"
 - "Foaf:knows"
 - "Foaf:name" and
 - "Foaf:homepage"
It should be noted that default.json is not expected to be the authority source of content for a wiki and is the reason why the option canReplace is set false so that pre-existing content with the same name and namespace is not replaced.
Custom definitions
It is possible to define one or more custom import definitions using $smwgImportFileDirs with a custom location (directory) from where import definitions can be loaded.
$GLOBALS['smwgImportFileDirs']['movie-actor-vocab'] = __DIR__ . '/import/movie-actor';
$GLOBALS['smwgImportFileDirs']['custom-vocab'] = __DIR__ . '/custom';
Fields
JSON schema and fields:
 - description short description about the purpose of the import (used in the auto summary)
 - page the name of a page without a namespace prefix
 - namespace literal constant of the namespace of the content (e.g. NS_MAIN, SMW_NS_PROPERTY ... )
 - contents it contains either the raw text or a parameter
 - importFrom link to a file from where the raw text (contains a relative path to the $smwgImportFileDirs)
 - options
 - canReplace to indicate whether content is being allowed to be replaced during an import or not
The $smwgImportReqVersion stipulates the required version for an import and only definitions that match that version are permitted to be imported.
Examples
XML import
It is possible to use MediaWiki's XML format as import source when linked from the importFrom field (any non MediaWiki XML format will be ignored).
The location for the mentioned custom.xml is relative to the selected $smwgImportFileDirs directory.
{
 "description": "Custom import",
 "import": [
 {
 "description" : "Import of custom.xml that contains ...",
 "contents": {
 "importFrom": "/xml/custom.xml"
 }
 }
 ],
 "meta": {
 "version": "1"
 }
}
{
 "description": "Template import",
 "import": [
 {
 "description" : "Template to ...",
 "page": "Template_1",
 "namespace": "NS_TEMPLATE",
 "contents": "{{{1}}}, {{{2}}}",
 "options": {
 "canReplace": false
 }
 },
 {
 "description" : "Template with ...",
 "page": "Template_2",
 "namespace": "NS_TEMPLATE",
 "contents": {
 "importFrom": "/templates/template-1.tmpl"
 },
 "options": {
 "canReplace": false
 }
 }
 ],
 "meta": {
 "version": "1"
 }
}
Import process
During the setup process, the Installer will automatically run and inform about the process which will output something similar to:
Import of default.json ...
 ... replacing MediaWiki:Smw import foaf contents ...
 ... skipping Property:Foaf:knows, already exists ...
Import processing completed.
If not otherwise specified, content (a.k.a. pages) that pre-exists are going to be skipped by default.
Technical notes
SMW\Importer
│ └─ ContentCreators
│ ├─ DispatchingContentCreator
│ ├─ XmlContentCreator
│ └─ TextContentCreator
│
├─ ImporterServiceFactory # access to import services
├─ ContentIterator
├─ ContentCreator
├─ JsonContentIterator
├─ JsonImportContentsFileDirReader
└─ ContentModeller
 - SMW::SQLStore::Installer::AfterCreateTablesComplete provides the hook and is the event to execute the import during the setup
 - ImporterServiceFactory access to import services
 - Importer is responsible for importing contents provided by a ContentIterator
 - ContentIterator an interface to provide access to individual ImportContents instances
 - JsonContentIterator implements the ContentIterator interface
 - JsonImportContentsFileDirReader provides contents of all recursively fetched files from a location (e.g$smwgImportFileDirs setting ) that meets the requirements
 - ContentModeller interprets the JSON definition and returns a set of ImportContents instances
 - ContentCreator an interface to specify different creation methods (e.g. text, XML etc.)
 - DispatchingContentCreator dispatches to the actual content creation instance based on ImportContents::getContentType
 - XmlContentCreator support the creation of MediaWiki XML specific content
 - TextContentCreator support for raw wikitext
See also
References
 1. ^ Semantic MediaWiki: GitHub pull request gh:smw:2289


text:
- like (adj.)
- "having the same characteristics or qualities" (as another), Middle English shortening of Old English gelic "like, similar," from Proto-Germanic *galika- "having the same form," literally "with a corresponding body" (cognates: Old Saxon gilik, Dutch gelijk, German gleich, Gothic galeiks "equally, like"), a compound of *ga- "with, together" + Germanic base *lik- "body, form; like, same" (cognates: Old English lic "body," German Leiche "corpse," Danish lig, Swedish lik, Dutch lijk "body, corpse"). Analogous, etymologically, to Latin conform. The modern form (rather than *lich) may be from a northern descendant of the Old English word's Norse cognate, glikr.
Formerly with comparative liker and superlative likest (still in use 17c.). The preposition (c. 1200) and the adverb (c. 1300) both are from the adjective. As a conjunction, first attested early 16c. The word has been used as a postponed filler ("going really fast, like") from 1778; as a presumed emphatic ("going, like, really fast") from 1950, originally in counterculture slang and bop talk. Phrase more like it "closer to what is desired" is from 1888.
- like (v.)
- Old English lician "to please, be sufficient," from Proto-Germanic *likjan (cognates: Old Norse lika, Old Frisian likia, Old High German lihhen, Gothic leikan "to please"), from *lik- "body, form; like, same."
The basic meaning seems to be "to be like" (see like (adj.)), thus, "to be suitable." Like (and dislike) originally flowed the other way: It likes me, where we would say I like it. The modern flow began to appear late 14c. (compare please).
- like (n.)
- c. 1200, "a similar thing" (to another), from like (adj.).


text:
Earliest Sunrise is Wednesday; More Daylight Hours through June 21
Each day we are seeing more and more daylight hours, and you've probably noticed. But after Wednesday, the sun will start to rise a little later each day.
Wednesday morning is the earliest sunrise that we will see here in East Texas. The sun will rise at 6:13 a.m. and set at 8:28 p.m., giving us 14 hours and 15 minutes of daylight. Even though we will continue to see the sunrise a little later, we'll actually see the most daylight hours occur on June 21, the summer solstice.
The summer solstice is the start of the summer season in the northern hemisphere. On June 21 we'll see 14 hours and 17 minutes of daylight. Enjoy it because each day through December 21 will be a little shorter with daylight hours. That's when we only see 10 hours and 2 minutes of daylight, on the winter solstice.
Some other days of note when talking about daylight hours:
Daylight hours fall below 12 hours in Tyler: September 27
Earliest sunset in Tyler: November 3
Latest sunrise in Tyler: January 9
The gain of daylight hours has a direct effect on the weather, and more specifically temperatures here in East Texas. More daylight hours equates to more sun, which then equates to the earth heating for longer. June 23 is the first day that the normal high in Tyler is 90 degrees. The normal high stays at or above 90 degrees through September 12.
More sun and more heat also translates to other weather phenomena such as stronger storms, pop up showers and storms, and much more.


text:
This study investigated the effectiveness of cysteine in conservation of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity of minimally processed red beet. After red beet minimal processing increasing cysteine concentrations were applied, corresponding to control, 2 mM, 4 mM, 8 mM and 16 mM. Assay was performed over 15 d to evaluate the polyphenols, betalains, antioxidant capacity and enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Cysteine enhanced the gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol and betalain contents until 6 d of storage. Subsequently, dosages of cysteine above 4 mM maintained gallic acid, kaempferol and betalains contents. Cysteine appears to influence the phenylpropanoid pathway, favoring the accumulation of polyphenols and betalains. In red beet, cysteine did not inhibit PPO activity but enhanced PAL activity. Betalains contribute more than phenolics to the antioxidant capacity, and their relationship with cysteine has not been thoroughly elucidated to date.
Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Betalains; Phenylpropanoid pathway; Polyphenol oxidase; Polyphenols.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


How to Copy a File to Multiple Directories in Linux
While learning Linux, it is always the norm for newbies to keep on typing several commands to accomplish a simple task. This is understandable especially when one is just getting accustomed to using the terminal.
However, as you look forward to becoming a Linux power user, learning what I would refer to as "shortcut commands" can significantly reduce time wasting tendencies.
In this article, we will explain an easy way, using a single command to copy a file into multiple directories in Linux.
In Linux, the cp command is used to copy files from one directory to another, the easiest syntax for using it is as follows:
# cp [options….] source(s) destination
Alternatively, you can also use the advanced-copy command, which shows a progress bar while copying large files/folders in Linux.
Consider the commands below, normally, you would type two different commands to copy the same file into two separate directories as follows:
# cp -v /home/aaronkilik/bin/ /home/aaronkilik/test
# cp -v /home/aaronkilik/bin/ /home/aaronkilik/tmp
Copy Files to Multiple Directories
Copy Files to Multiple Directories
Assuming that you want to copy a particular file into up to five or more directories, this means you would have to type five or more cp commands?
To do away with this problem, you can employ the echo command, a pipe, xargs command together with the cp command in the form below:
In the form above, the paths to the directories (dir1,dir2,dir3…..dirN) are echoed and piped as input to the xargs command where:
 1. -n 1 – tells xargs to use at most one argument per command line and send to the cp command.
 2. cp – used to copying a file.
 3. -v – enables verbose mode to show details of the copy operation.
Copy File to Multiple Locations in Linux
Copy File to Multiple Locations in Linux
Try to read through the man pages of cp, echo and xargs commands to find useful and advanced usage information:
$ man cp
$ man echo
$ man xargs
That's all, you can send us questions in relation to the topic or any feedback through the comment form below. You may also want to read about the progress command which helps to monitor the progress of (cp, mv, dd, tar, etc.) commands that are presently running in Linux.
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14 thoughts on "How to Copy a File to Multiple Directories in Linux"
 1. Very interesting article, so in:
 the output from echo is appended to the "cp -v {source-file}"-command. What if we wanted to switch source and destination, so copy from multiple sources into a single destination? How to proceed then (preferably with a one-liner)? Something like copying sys_info1sh and into the tmp-directory:
 ## echo /home/aaronkilik/test/ /home/aaronkilik/tmp/ | xargs -n 1 cp -v?????????????? /home/aaronkilik/bin/
 So I/we need to take the output from echo and prepend (instead of appending it) to the "cp -v"-command – how do achieve this?
 2. Nice article. I often have to move files to another system to multiple dir. I use SCP for that. e.g. scp /source/dir/file1 file2 file3 @:/target/dir
 3. Thanks for the info! In turn, some for you: The article AN is used before singular, countable nouns which begin with vowel sounds. Thus "…an easy way…"
 4. Nice article, I think xargs option "-n 1" – tells xargs to use 1 argument per command line at a time. (single line input to xargs has two whitespace separated arguments)
 5. You aways come up with something great, I can just wait to see what you have for next week. I follow you all the time and this is just another example of content sharing.
 6. an other (simpliest?) solution :
 for dir in dir1 dir2 dir3
 cp -v file1 file2 file3 $dir
 for…do…done is basment of shell power
Got something to say? Join the discussion.


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Occupational hygiene and environmental pollution studies
From its inception, the National Institute for Silicosis has carried out medical and technical studies in the areas of occupational hygiene and environmental health, focusing mainly on the prevention of respiratory pathologies. These studies, most of them performed by the Technical Department, have spread their field of activity and have carried out researches in other areas within occupational hygiene, not only related to respiratory health.
The development of practical studies makes the National Institute for Silicosis an institution with a unique experience by combining theory, research experience, as well as practical knowledge.
The fields within which the Institute carries out this type of activities are:
- Dust and silica
- Gases and aerosols
- Diesel fumes
- Indoor and outdoor air quality
- Radon gas
- Noise and vibrations
- Thermal stress
- Toxic agents
- Respiratory fit testing


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Reporting farm income and expenses
To educate taxpayers about their filing obligations, this fact sheet, the thirteenth in a series, highlights some income sources and deductible business expenses of farmers. Incorrect reporting of farm income and expenses accounts for part of the estimated $345 billion per year in unpaid taxes, according to IRS estimates.
Farmers may receive income from many sources, but the most common source is the sale of livestock, produce, grains, and other products raised or bought for resale. The entire amount a farmer receives, including money and the fair market value of any property or services, is reported on IRS Schedule F, Profit or Loss From Farming.
Bartering is another income source for farmers. Bartering occurs when farm products are traded for other farm products, property, someone else's labor or personal items. For example, if a farmer helps another farmer build a barn and receives a cow for his work, the recipient of the cow must report its fair market value as ordinary income. If the farmer uses this cow for business purposes, he may be able to claim depreciation over its useful life as well as deduct the expenses incurred for the cow. However, if the cow is for personal use, no depreciation or expenses for the cow would be deductible.
Other income sources include:
Agricultural program payments
Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) loans
Crop insurance proceeds and federal crop disaster payments
Custom hire (machine work) income
The ordinary and necessary costs of operating a farm for profit are deductible business expenses. An ordinary expense is an expense that is common and accepted in the business. A necessary expense is one that is appropriate for the business.
Among the deductible expenses are amounts paid to farm labor. If a farmer pays his child to do farm work and a true employer-employee relationship exists, reasonable wages or other compensation paid to the child is deductible. The wages are included in the child's income, and the child may have to file an income tax return. These wages may also be subject to social security and Medicare taxes if the child is age 18 or older.
Another deductible expense is depreciation. Farmers can depreciate most types of tangible property –– except land –– such as buildings, machinery, equipment, vehicles, certain livestock and furniture. Farmers can also depreciate certain intangible property, such as copyrights, patents, and computer software. To be depreciable, the property must
Be property the farmer owns
Be used in the farmer's business or income-producing activity
Have a determinable life
Have a useful life that extends substantially beyond the year placed in service
Some expenses paid during the tax year may be partly personal and partly business. Examples include gasoline, oil, fuel, water, rent, electricity, telephone, automobile upkeep, repairs, insurance, interest and taxes. Farmers must allocate these expenses between their business and personal parts. Generally, the personal part of these expenses is not deductible.
For example, a farmer paid $1,500 for electricity during the tax year. He used one-third of the electricity for personal purposes and two-thirds for farming. Under these circumstances, two-thirds of the electricity expense, or $1,000, is deductible as a farm business expense. Records must be maintained to document the business portion of the expense.
Information about other deductible expenses and reporting requirements can be found in IRS Publication 225, Farmer's Tax Guide.


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Most Active Stories
Fri August 17, 2012
Bingaman hears New Mexico climate change testimony
New Mexico Senator Jeff Bingaman, D, was in Santa Fe today, listening to testimony about the impacts of climate change. During a field hearing of the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the senator heard what's happening on the ground in New Mexico.
In his testimony, Governor Walter Dasheno of Santa Clara Pueblo pointed out that climate change contributed to last year's Las Conchas fire. That fire burned more than 150,000 acres in the Jemez Mountains.
But Gov. Dasheno is even more worried about the future. Warming, he said, is causing native tree species to decline. Rapid climate change is also affecting the forest's ability to regenerate. If severe wildfires continue, he fears that the forest in Santa Clara Canyon will no thrive.
Nathan McDowell, a scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory testified about the impact drought is already having on forests in New Mexico--and across the globe. These dieoffs are bad news for local ecosystems and communities, but can also accelerate climate change on global scale.
Oceans and forests absorb about half of the carbon emitted by humans. As forests die off, they absorb less carbon.
When Sen. Bingaman asked about solutions, Craig Allen with the U.S. Geological Service pointed to forest restoration.
What humans can do in the short run, he said, is care for forests--increase their resilience and their resistance to growing climate stresses. These stresses can include drought, a rise in temperatures, and insect infestations.
Wrapping up the hearing, the senator emphasized the seriousness of the issue with an attempt at humor. "I'd like to end this hearing on a high note," he said, "but I can't think of how to do that."
To listen to an archived webcast of the hearing and read the testimony of witnesses, visit:


Posts Tagged 'teaching writing'
On Becoming a Writer
How do we become fiction writers? What do we need to know? How do we learn writing it in the first place? Answers abound: schooling, reading, expert advice, books, conferences. However, the usual answers may be wrong or naively relied upon. And oddly, aspiring writers often avoid the best training.
Can School Teach You to Be a Writer?
Yes, if you love analyzing fiction from an academic perspective. Go ahead, get an MFA if you want to learn how to craft metaphors, subtle characterization and stupifyingly dense prose. Read More…


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At Nuance, we empower people with the ability to seamlessly interact with their connected devices and the digital world around them. We are creating a world where technology thinks and acts the way people do by designing the most human, natural, and intuitive ways of interacting with technology.
Our nimble technology uses analytics and advanced algorithms to transform the inanimate into animate and reduce complicated processes into simple ones.
Join our Automotive team…intelligent systems now ready for the road. We are passionate about developing intelligent interfaces that enable people to talk to their cars, phones, devices, and other smart "things".
You will contribute to the next generations of automatic speech recognition (ASR) for automotive applications on embedded platforms and on the cloud. As senior research engineer you will investigate and implement speech recognition algorithms focusing on the integration of the newest deep learning based techniques targetting continuously listening applications. As part of a strong research team, you will be able to contribute key innovations which advance the capabilities of AI and personal assistants in automotive.
Minimum years of work experience: ideally 3


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The restoration of optical images, as well as the unfolding of spectroscopic and other data that have been convolved with a window function or an instrumental impulse response, can be viewed as the solution of an integral equation. Solution of such an integral equation when the data are corrupted by noise or experimental error is treated as the problem of finding an estimate that is a linear functional of the data and minimizes the mean squared error between the true solution and itself. The estimate depends on assumptions about the spectral densities of the images and the noise, the choice of which is discussed. Coherent optical processing and digital processing are described.
CARL W. HELSTROM, "Image Restoration by the Method of Least Squares," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 297-303 (1967)


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How to recreate Outlook profiles after the migration
After performing a migration that includes transferring the domain name to the target server, Outlook cannot connect to the new server. The following error message is shown:
Outlook cannot log on. Verify you are connected to the network and are using the proper server and mailbox name. The Microsoft Exchange information service in your profile is missing required information. Modify your profile to ensure that you are using the correct Microsoft Exchange information service.
This happens because the pre-migration settings of the Autodiscover service, which connects Outlook with Exchange, are still cached in the registry for the currently used Outlook profile. To resolve this, you need to create a new Outlook profile and set it as the default one. This can be done manually for each separate user or automatically for all users in your domain by using Group Policy or Microsoft Intune. Follow the links below to learn how to:
- Create a new Outlook profile for a single user
- Create a new Outlook profile for all users in the domain
- Create a new Outlook profile for all users or group(s) of users with Intune
- Close Outlook.
- Go to the Windows Control Panel and click Mail (or, if you're using the Category view, first click User Accounts, and then click Mail).
- In the window that opens, click Show Profiles (Fig. 1.).
- Click Add, and provide the name for the new Outlook profile (Fig. 2.). Click OK to proceed.
- Complete the wizard to add your email account and click Finish.
- Make sure the Always use this profile option is selected and choose your newly created profile from the drop-down menu (Fig. 3.).
- Click OK to save changes.
Outlook should now open without any errors and connect to the correct Exchange server.
A new Outlook profile can be created and set as a default one by using a simple script that adds new values to Windows registry. To bulk create new Outlook profiles for all your users, you can run this script on multiple computers via Group Policy.
In this scenario, the script will be executed as a user logon script. However, a Group Policy object (GPO) can also be configured to run user logoff or computer startup and shutdown scripts.
Follow the links below to:
- create a file containing a script that will create a new Outlook profile
- create a new GPO that will execute that script.
- Open Notepad (or any text editor) and paste the following text (depending on which Outlook version you use):
- Outlook 2010
reg add "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows Messaging Subsystem\Profiles\<name>" reg add "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows Messaging Subsystem\Profiles" /v DefaultProfile /t REG_SZ /d "<name>" /F reg add "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Exchange\Client\Options" /v PickLogonProfile /t REG_DWORD /d "0" /f
- Outlook 2013
reg add HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Office\15.0\Outlook\Profiles\<name> reg add "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Office\15.0\Outlook" /v DefaultProfile /t REG_SZ /d "<name>" /F
- Outlook 2016 and 2019
reg add HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Outlook\Profiles\<name> reg add "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Outlook" /v DefaultProfile /t REG_SZ /d "<name>" /FWhere instead of <name> provide the name for the new Outlook profile.
- Outlook 2010
- Save the file as a BAT file.
- Copy the file to a network location accessible for all users in the domain (e.g. %logonserver%\netlogon).
Make sure that each user has appropriate permissions to access this location.
- Log in to your Windows Server domain controller (DC).
- Open Server Manager and select Tools > Group Policy Management.
If it's not there, you need to install this feature first. In Server Manager, select Manage > Add Roles and Features and follow the wizard instructions. Just remember to select the Group Policy Management feature in the Features step (Fig. 4.).
- In the Group Policy Management console, find your domain on the left side navigation menu, right-click it and select Create a GPO in this domain, and Link it here (Fig. 5.).
- Provide the name of the new GPO and click OK.
- Navigate to the Group Policy Objects container on the menu, find your newly created GPO, right-click it and select Edit. The Group Policy Management Editor will open.
- Go to User Configuration > Policies > Windows Settings > Scripts (Logon/Logoff) and double-click Logon (Fig. 6.).
- In the Logon Properties window, click Add, and then click Browse and select the BAT file created in the section above (Fig. 7.).
- Click OK two times to save the change.
You can now close the Group Policy Management console. The script will be executed for each user when they log in to their workstations. When they try to open Outlook, the Outlook startup wizard will be shown (Fig. 8.).
The Autodiscover feature should no longer have a problem connecting to the appropriate on-prem Exchange server or Office 365.


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It takes a lot of data to make Shrek. The big guy has to run, eat, talk. How much data? We're talking in the order of data centers to process the bits to bring the warm-hearted monster to its animated life.
The making of an animated film is a look into the changing world of networking and its importance in the making of just about anything these days.
The big question in today's networking world is how to reduce network complexity and reduce all the power it takes to manage data centers.
Dreamworks is in the business of making animated films. The studio has to have the ability to make films efficiently. In many respects, the number of films that Dreamworks produces in a year is dependent on how well it can use its network to do the core processing of the animated characters it is producing.
It's a similar comparison to what we see with the real-time Web. The Internet is at the center of a dynamic supply chain that requires real-time information to be delivered to the right people in the supply chain as events occur.
The challenges are similar in a studio where the network is at the center of the film production process.
The evidence is in the credits of any animated film. The number of specialists required to make an animated film represents the bulk of the people employed to produce it. The network is critical for these people to do their work. It's at the center of the film production process.
The Dreamworks story is a window into the new networking reality. The studios face challenges with producing high-quality films quickly and efficiently. For mot enterprises the challenges are different. They are not processing animated characters. Instead the increasing challenge is the structured and unstructured data that has to be organized, stored and shared.
Networks are at the center of that issue, too. Companies like HP are betting on the premise that the data center network requires a converged infrastructure to manage the complexities of the Web oriented enterprise.
The battle is for the network.


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Note: This In the loop was updated in April 2021 to include insights from our review of human capital disclosures in recent Form 10-K filings.
I am particularly supportive of the increased focus on human capital disclosures, which for various industries and companies can be an important driver of long-term value.
– Jay Clayton, then SEC Chairman
With up to 85% of a company's costs tied up in people (pwc.com
), stakeholders looking to allocate investment dollars want to understand how management sees the company's strategic and operational requirements. The SEC introduced new disclosure requirements in August 2020 designed to provide stakeholders insight into human capital—from the operating model, to talent planning, learning and innovation, employee experience, and work environment. The disclosures may help stakeholders evaluate whether a business has the right workforce to meet immediate and emerging business challenges and the nature and magnitude of the related investments. However, there are questions as to what is required to comply with the principles-based rules.
In certain SEC filings, a public company is now required to disclose:
- the number of employees and a description of its human capital resources, if material to the business as a whole; and if material to a particular segment, that segment should be identified
- any human capital measures or objectives, if material, that the registrant focuses on in managing its business, such as those related to the development, attraction, safety, engagement, and retention of employees
The rules do not include a definition of "human capital" or a list of required measures to disclose. The principles-based approach (1) reflects an expectation that disclosures will be tailored to a company's own business or industry using management's judgment and (2) allows for the disclosures to evolve in response to changes in a company's environment.
We also are not adopting a definition of the term "human capital"...because this term may evolve over time and may be defined by different companies in ways that are industry specific. This approach is consistent with the view expressed by a number of commenters that noted that there are many definitions of human capital and that the concept, while generally well understood, is often tailored to the circumstances and objectives of individual companies.
The new rules, which are part of the SEC's broader project to modernize Regulation S-K, became effective November 9, 2020. As a result, 2020 Form 10-Ks and other filings subject to Regulation S-K filed on or after this date need to include the new disclosures.
While every company will differ, the following can help guide your approach.
Companies are evaluating which objectives or measures to disclose to comply with the principles-based requirements and meet investor and regulator expectations. Jay Clayton, then SEC Chairman, noted that he expects to see "meaningful qualitative and quantitative disclosure, including, as appropriate, disclosure of metrics that companies actually use in managing their affairs." But beyond that general guidance, companies have broad flexibility. Although specific to each company depending on its workforce strategy, we recommend companies consider the following, including a specific focus on two areas that significantly impacted most companies in 2020: COVID-19 and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI).
Human capital resources
Human capital resources, while not defined in the rules, may include employees, non-employees, such as contract workers, and others.
Objectives or measures
The rules require disclosure of human capital objectives or measures used to manage the business if material to an understanding of the business. Companies need to consider whether to include a qualitative objective and/or a quantitative measure in each area of human capital.
Sources of measures
The rules require companies to consider the measures used by management in running the business, which may include those reported in an enterprise balanced scorecard, or board or executive reporting, or considered in executive compensation.
Companies might also consider what aspects of human capital have been previously communicated as being critical to the business, whether in public filings, investor and employee briefings, or other public statements. For example, companies may have included explicit references to their human capital resources in their proxy filings; environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) disclosures; as well as during shareholder engagement.
Various resources may also help companies focus on what investors and other stakeholders consider to be meaningful:
- International Organization for Standardization recommendations on human capital reporting standards
- Sustainability Accounting Standards Board sector-specific human capital metrics
- World Economic Forum report (published with the Big 4 accounting firms) that defines common metrics for sustainable value creation and ESG reporting, which includes human capital
- PwC's Saratoga benchmarking tool that provides industry-specific metrics in various areas of human capital: workforce productivity, span of control, succession, recruiting costs, hire quality, labor costs, turnover, diversity, HR cost, and organizational structures
- Other frameworks, such as those developed by Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) or Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS)
Lastly, companies might consider whether peer disclosures create an expectation for comparable disclosures.
Material to the business
The requirements are rooted in materiality. The SEC considers information material if there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making an investment or voting decision. This may be an appropriate benchmark in identifying which human capital measures or objectives are material to the business.
Focusing human capital disclosures in light of current events
As the rule indicates, human capital disclosures should evolve over time as companies respond to risks and challenges. There are perhaps no better examples of risks and challenges a company needs to address than the COVID-19 global pandemic and the need for diversity, equity, and inclusion. In this first year of adoption, we suggest focusing human capital disclosures in these areas if material to the business.
The COVID-19 crisis spotlighted the importance of having policies that protect employees and invest in their well-being. For months, companies have grappled with how to adapt their human capital management to retain their workforce, provide a safe workplace, accommodate remote workers, and respond to difficulties in supply chains. Areas of a company's human capital management that might be impacted by COVID-19 include the following.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion
DEI has become not only an area of public policy, but also an issue of corporate responsibility. Stakeholders want to know how companies are creating an equitable workplace, and how they plan to respond to other DEI matters, including ensuring diversity at the management and board levels. DEI measures or objectives to consider that might be material to a company's business include the following:
- Diversity measures related to employee identities, such as race and ethnicity, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, culture, veteran status, age, disability, marital status, or religious and spiritual beliefs
- Equity measures related to providing employees equal access to opportunities, such as equity in pay, the percentage of a company's management team that is diverse, or recruiting strategies aimed at providing fair opportunities for diverse talent
- Inclusion efforts, such as networks or programs that connect employees so they can support one another and advise company leadership on the needs of diverse employees
Metrics alone may not tell the full story of a company's values, the scope of its DEI programs, or the true investment it has made in its employees. A thorough narrative that is linked to a company's corporate purpose and mission can help bridge this gap.
Reliability and consistency
The new human capital disclosures should be supported by effective controls and procedures. For example, when included in the annual report, they will be subject to the company's disclosure controls and procedures (DCP), but when included in other filings, such as registration statements, separate controls may be needed. As your company considers the appropriate controls over these new disclosures, questions could include:
- What is the quality of the data underlying the disclosures?
- What governance exists over this data? Does it flow through the disclosure committee, board of directors, and/or audit committee?
- Based on the type of filing, are the disclosures subject to DCP or are there other processes and controls that support the reliability of the information reported?
- Do we have a policy on scoping, measurement, and presentation of the information to aid consistency between periods?
- Will consumers of the human capital information be confident in its accuracy and completeness?
- Do we have a process for determining when changes to measures are needed and disclosed?
Follow the data
Quality data is foundational to disclosures. Companies may face challenges in obtaining, analyzing, and reporting on the data, including the following.
Where to start
Applicable framework and key metrics
- No requirements for specific metrics - companies have to decide what is material and most applicable
- What is "material to the business" changes from period to period, but the principles surrounding the evaluation should remain the same
- Define a set of relevant metrics and proactively identify what information to report, how to source it, and who the key stakeholders are
- Establish processes for revisiting key metrics each period
Data sources and transformation
- Data comes from various financial and nonfinancial systems
- Manual intervention is often required
- Historical data may not be available
- Identify standardized data sources/attributes
Process and governance
- Limited controls or attestations over the data
- Limited governance - data was not reviewed by the disclosure committee, board of directors, and/or audit committee
- Establish clear processes, controls, and attestations appropriate for each disclosure (e.g., DCP for disclosures in the annual report)
- Establish governance protocols, including ensuring key information is shared with the disclosure committee and the audit committee
Reporting and analytics
- No standardized reporting process
- Data consolidation may be manual and may not always lend itself to actionable insights
- Limited self service analytics tools
- Expand existing reporting frameworks to include this data when applicable
- Increase communication and collaboration between human resource and finance personnel to proactively drive actionable insights
- Use data analysis and visualization tools to automate reporting


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Date of Award
Accurate rainfall forecasting using weather radar imagery has always been a crucial and predominant task in the field of meteorology , , and . Competitive Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (CRBFNN) is one of the methods used for weather radar image based forecasting. Recently, an alternative CRBFNN based approach was introduced to model the precipitation events. The difference between the techniques presented in and is in the approach used to model the rainfall image. Overall, it was shown that the modified CRBFNN approach is more computationally efficient compared to the CRBFNN approach . However, both techniques and share the same prediction stage. In this thesis, a different GRBFNN approach is presented for forecasting Gaussian envelope parameters. The proposed method investigates the concept of parameter dependency among Gaussian envelopes. Experimental results are also presented to illustrate the advantage of parameters prediction over the independent series prediction.
Kattekola, Sravanthi, "Weather Radar image Based Forecasting using Joint Series Prediction" (2010). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 1238.


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Located in El Paso, Ysleta Independent School District serves over 41,000 students. In 2015, as members of the district leadership team recognized significant gaps in reading levels, they sought the Raising Blended Learners opportunity to redesign learning and improve reading outcomes for all students. The district's pilot is designed to facilitate a shift from whole group, traditional instruction to student-centered, personalized learning to improve academic outcomes, increase ownership, and build lifelong learners.
"The students are confident. The students can communicate what they are doing, why they are doing it, and how they are making progress." – Norma Osuna, Principal at Ysleta Elementary School
Ysleta ISD observed chronically low reading levels from the elementary to secondary levels. The gap is particularly wide among English Language Learners, who are simultaneously learning both English and Spanish languages. Campus leaders are also concerned about student engagement and students' ability to articulate the purpose for why they are learning. In their blended learning pilots, the district is increasing data transparency with students and providing differentiated and timely support in reading through a personalized station rotation model in K-5 reading classrooms and increased personalization in 6th grade reading classrooms to drive improved academic outcomes and an increase in student progress ownership.
The districts' vision for blended learning embraces data-driven instruction and rigor and is guided by the the Ysleta ISD Strategic Plan (supported by the district's Technology Plan.). In addition to closing gaps in reading levels, Ysleta ISD's pilots focus on building student agency through increased ownership and engagement to build lifelong learners who are prepared for success beyond their time in Ysleta ISD.
With a strong track record of data-driven instruction and strong centralized district leadership, Ysleta ISD set out to address the literacy challenges and foster student success at the elementary level. In year one, two elementary schools piloted blended learning in nearly 20 K-5 reading classrooms. In year 2, the pilot expanded to four total elementary schools in 76 K-5 reading classrooms and one middle school in four 6th grade reading classrooms. Initially, the pilot was only in reading but other teachers noticed changes in the classrooms around them and the pilot organically spread to math and science classrooms. In the Ysleta model, students receive an on-grade level mini lesson for the day, then engage in a combination of individualized station work, collaborative standards-based activities, strategic small group lessons with the teacher, and self-directed work on online content. Students choose their own station work based on their current mastery of standards and the goals they have set with teachers.
In year two, the pilot expanded to two additional elementary schools and one middle school. The middle school pilot in four 6th grade reading classrooms includes daily flexible instructional groups based on data, weekly goal setting, and student choice in station activities. These elements, in addition to the tracking their progress throughout the year aim to increase academic achievement in reading and foster authentic student engagement and ownership of the content in the class.
Flexible Instructional Grouping
Design pillars are used among all Raising Blended Learners sites to identify the essential design elements upon which each site's student experience in based. The Ysleta design pillars are: Data-Driven Instruction/Flexible Instructional Grouping, Rigor, Student Agency, and Competency-Based Learning.
Data-Driven Instruction is the backbone of the entire Blended Learning Model and drives the use of Flexible Instructional Grouping to remediate individual standards for students on a daily basis. Data also drives the creation of stations that students choose in order to fill in gaps from previous grade levels or to move on to content that they are ready to master.
In order for small group instruction and independent to be effective, all work must be aligned to the Rigor of the standards and be relevant so that students see the purpose in the work.
Student agency refers to the level of control, autonomy, and power that learners have in their experience at school. To foster choice and develop ownership, pilot teachers develop systems, and strategies to build students' capacity be responsible for the learning process, monitor their progress, and set learning goals.
Competency-Based Learning ensures appropriately challenging experiences that push students to practice standards and skills when they need them. Through stations, adaptive software, and formative assessments, students are provided with work that maximizes their academic growth.


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Your link to Wisconsin's land, air and water resources
Only 2% of household medicine is safely disposed
Wisconsin's voluntary take-back program for household pharmaceuticals is "insufficient and unsustainable" and succeeds in collecting only 2% of all the available waste medicines in Wisconsin, a new report says.
With little medicine recycled, the report said much of the rest is getting flushed down toilets, thrown in the trash or left in cabinets.
The report by the University of Wisconsin Extension and the Product Stewardship Institute estimated that 13.1 million pounds medicines were sold in 2010, ranging from aspirin to prescription narcotics.
The study was commissioned by the Department of Natural Resources.
In the 2010 analysis, 4.38 million pounds went unused because their use dates had expired or the pharmaceuticals were no longer needed.
Only 2% of household pharmaceuticals – or 93,500 pounds – were collected through voluntary take-back programs in 2011.
"I think the key thing is that we have done a lot to address the program, but we're only scratching the surface," said Steve Brachman, a waste reduction specialist with the extension and one of the authors of the report.
The medicine return program is estimated to cost $275,000 annually, with most of the money coming from local governments and federal Drug Enforcement Agency.
Wisconsin's per capita cost of $8.05 to $10.07 per pound is far more expensive than in Canada ($3.50 per pound) and France (23 cents per pound.)
Canada and France are among a group of countries that have programs where the pharmaceutical industry manages take-back programs.
The steady accumulation of medicines in households means unknown quantities are getting flushed down the toilet or thrown into landfills, which can lead to water contamination.
The study noted that the a U.S. Geological Survey study in 1999 to 2000 found that 80% of streams tested revealed the presence of at least one pharmaceutical, personal care product or other organic wastewater contaminant.
"It's not just an environmental issue – it's a public health issue too," said Brad Wolbert, a section chief at the DNR in solid waste and recycling. "The medicine that isn't used – that's sitting around in medicine cabinets – is ripe for abuse."
The study said there are several roadblocks in the program.
One is that there are limits on where and how the drugs can be disposed. Incineration is generally required, but with a few exceptions, utility and industrial boilers are not currently allowed to dispose of the waste.
Brachman said that government funding is not viable and won't spur widespread participation of a drug take-back program.
"The model we see as having the most promise is where the industry takes the primary responsibility," he said. "The community model has increased awareness, but it's not a long-term solution."


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Inheritance, groups, and users roles
Using Roles in Pydio
A role contains the following informations :
- Access Control List (ACL) : a list of rights giving or denying an access to each workspace defined in the application. Internally, the right string can be « r » (read), « w » (write ), a combination of these two, or « AJXP_VALUE_CLEAR » as deny (to force clearing a previously set value in another role).
- Parameters Refinement (Parameters) : a tree of plugins parameters values that can be applied to all workspace or only to a given set of workspace.
- Actions Disabled (Actions) : a tree of disabled plugins actions, that can be as well disabled for all workspace or only a precise list. Parameters and Actions can in some case be applicable only for a given list of workspace.
You can see the various categories to the corresponding tabs of the edition interface in the Settings workspace (see screenshot below).
[:image-popup:inheritance_groups_and_users_roles/14-GROUPS-USERS-ROLES.png] Figure 1 Role Edition Interface
The power of the « Role » object is that it is a shared concept that is « additive »: a sequence of n roles can be « added » to create a new role, each role n in turn overriding the various parameters of the role n-1. That way, one can define for example a given plugin parameter value for in role1, then refine this value in Role2, and if a user has these two roles in this order, the latest value will be taken into account.
Groups and users « runtime » role
Practically, one will probably not want to define X roles and apply them one by one to the users. But the other power of this object is that it is shared by Groups and Users as well. Which means a user automatically will provide its own role (internally name AJXP_USER_/userlogin), and if he belongs to a group, this group will also provide a specific group (named AJXP_GRP_/groupPath/groupName).
You can see that editing a user or a group, you'll find the same tabs ACL, Actions and Parameters that you would find in the role edition. They correspond to the specific roles created for each object ( a group or a user).
Once configured, the various roles that are applicable to a user will be « added » in the following order : first the groups roles (if a user belongs to a subgroup, then the parent group role is applied, then the subgroup role), then the administrator-defined roles, then the proper user role. This is summarized in the figure below :
For example, a user U1 from group G1, to whom one have applied a specific role R, will then have a « merged » role that result in the addition of the following :
AJXP_GRP_/G1 + R + AJXP_USR_/U1 = user runtime role.
This « refinement » processus is very flexible, and allows you to configure the accesses, parameters and actions of each plugin, for each workspace, at a very fine level. Generally, the « Groups » is a right place to preconfigure a couple of parameters, but sometime you'll want to disable some specific action for a given user, in which case you'll edit directly the user role.
Another interesting feature of the roles one creates manually in the application is that they can automatically be applied to a given profile of users. There are currently four profiles of users : Standard, Administrator, Shared and Guest.
The « shared » profile is automatically applied to « external » users created by the internal users. If you want that these user have a specific role, you can create a role and set it to be automatically applied to all shared users.Back to top


text:
Variable Rate Potassium
RevScout yield data that has been calibrated is the perfect tool to identify areas that might need some extra potassium during the season. With ability of the calibrated RevScout Yield maps you can calculate how many T/ha is in the higher T areas. With blocks with big differences it will be beneficial for this seasons quality and next seasons tonnages.
What Do You Need?
Optimized Potassium fertilizer plans
Ensure nutrient availability for large fruit load for optimum quality and size
Reduce deficiency causing loss of yield and quality the following season
Reduced crop stress levels
Improves Flowering the following season


Why does my Engine Run Rough?
When an engine runs rough, it can be a sign of a number of problems – sometimes they can be long-term issues that can damage the engine, other times they can be momentary blips that aren't a big deal. So why is your engine running rough, and what can you do to bring it back in line?
Engine cycles up and down
If your engine cycles its running speed up and down, this is likely due to an issue with the fuel flow. Fuel flow can be effected by a number of things-
 - Object in the gas tank: If something works its way into your gas tank and restricts the fuel flow into the exit hose, this will cause surges and stoppages of gas. Empty your tank and shake out anything that is causing a blockage.
 - Carburetor not feeding freely: Remove the plug from the bottom of the fuel bowl of the carburetor and see if gasoline flows freely from the tank, through the hose and float valve, into the carburetor. If it doesn't, trace things back to find the problem.
 - Gummed-up carburetor: If none of these actions remedy the problem, take the carburetor apart and blow out all the orifices and jets. You may need to soak it in carburetor cleaner first to remove some of the build-up.
Engine Ignition Causes Sputtering
Sometimes a failure in the ignition system can cause a rough idle, something that is often traced back to the spark plug. Make sure the spark plug leads are secure, that the spark plug itself is clean, and that it is gapped correctly. Measure the gap and adjust it per specifications.
Wheezing and Lagging
If the air filter gets clogged up with dirt and debris, it will restrict the airflow to the engine, causing the engine to get choked up. Use a screwdriver to remove the filter cover and take out the old filter. If its a foam filter, you can clean it with hot water and light detergent, just make sure you allow it to dry completely before reinstalling it and running your mower. If it's a pleated air filter, remove it and shake it out. If shaking it out doesn't work, you will need to replace the filter entirely.
Regardless of the reasons behind it, you will need to remedy your rough, lagging mower as soon as possible. Aside from performance issues, this can be the sign of the deterioration of your carburetor, which can be a crippling problem and will lead to the need for an expensive rebuild.
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text:
POTSDAM – Clarkson University's Egon Matijevic, the Victor K. LaMer Professor of Colloid and Surface Science, and Evgeny Katz, the Milton Kerker Chair in Colloid Science, are listed in the H-index of living scientists.
The H-index attempts to measure both the scientific productivity and the apparent scientific impact of a scientist. The index is based on the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other people's publications.
At ranking #218, Matijevic, with an H of 69, has published 69 papers (among total 575 papers), which have each received at least 69 citations.
At ranking #380, Katz, with an H of 60, has published 60 papers (among more than 300 papers), which have each received at least 60 citations.
It should be noted that this listed of the most-cited chemists totals only 587 worldwide with the two Clarkson's professors among them.
The index was suggested by physicist Jorge E. Hirsch as a tool for determining quality of scientific publications of a person and is sometimes called the Hirsch index or Hirsch number.
The purpose of this index is similar to the popular impact factor, which is used to rank the quality of scientific journals, but it is applied to a person. The definition of the H-index and the explanations of its importance can be found at _URL_
The latest list, compiled by Henry Schaefer of the University of Georgia, together with colleague Amy Peterson, was updated in November 2010 and can be found at _URL_


/ category = Treatment;
run;
Questions
?
Proc SGPLOT and SGPANEL
similarities
Questions
?
Proc SGSCATTER
Useful for having a panel of plots that have at least one independent axis
PLOT Statement - 2 independent axis i.e. x and y
COMPARE Statement - 1 independent axis i.e. just x
Useful for producing a matrix of plots
MATRIX Statement
Indepedent x and y axis
PLOT Statement
proc sgscatter data=sashelp.cars;
plot mpg_highway*weight msrp*horsepower;
run;
Different variables
Different x variables
COMPARE statement
proc sgscatter data=sashelp.cars;
compare y=mpg_highway x=(weight enginesize horsepower) / group = type;
run;
Different x variables
Matrix Plot
MATRIX statement
proc sgscatter data=sashelp.iris
(where=(species eq 'Virginica'));
matrix petallength petalwidth sepallength
/ ellipse=(type=mean)
diagonal=(histogram kernel);
run;
3 Variables
Therefore produces 3 * 3 matrix plot
Quiz 5
MATRIX?
PLOT?
COMPARE?
Questions
?
Graph Template Language
The SAS/GRAPH Graph Template Language (GTL) is an extension to the Output Delivery System (ODS) that enables you to create sophisticated analytical graphics that are not available from traditional SAS/GRAPH procedure statements.
The GTL templates are defined with PROC TEMPLATE.
The GTL templates are rendered using the SGRENDER procedure, which specifies a data source that contains appropriate data values and the template to use for rendering the graph.
GTL Reference link: _URL_
LAYOUTS
Going to go through 3 different layouts
Overlay
Lattice
Gridded
Obtaining GTL Code
(for Boxplot example)
proc sgplot data = boxplots tmplout = "C:\Template_for_boxplots.sas" ;
vbox results / category = Treatment;
run;
Obtained GTL Code
For Boxplot
For Scatterplot
Looks daunting at
first but the only real
difference is within
the layout statement
proc template;
define statgraph sgplot;
dynamic _ticklist_;
begingraph;
layout overlay / xaxisopts=(type=Discrete discreteOpts=(tickValueList=_ticklist_));
BoxPlot X=Treatment Y=Results / SortOrder=Internal primary=true LegendLabel="Results" NAME="VBOX";
;
endlayout;
endgraph;
end;
run;
proc template;
define statgraph sgplot;
begingraph;
layout overlay;
ScatterPlot X=Treatment Y=Results / primary=true LegendLabel="Results" NAME="SCATTER";
;
endlayout;
endgraph;
end;
run;
Code is nested
similar to HTML
Why is GTL Overlay useful?
proc template;
define statgraph sgplot;
dynamic _ticklist_;
begingraph;
layout overlay / xaxisopts=(type=Discrete discreteOpts=(tickValueList=_ticklist_));
BoxPlot X=Treatment Y=Results / SortOrder=Internal primary=true LegendLabel="Results" NAME="VBOX";
ScatterPlot X=Treatment Y=Results / primary=true LegendLabel="Results" NAME="SCATTER";
;
endlayout;
endgraph;
end;
run;
proc sgrender data=boxplots template=sgplot;
run;
SGRENDER
plots the template
In SGPLOT you cannot
overlay a boxplot with any
other plot but you can in GTL!
Lattice and Overlay Layout
You don't have to memorise the code, can output it by using tmplout in SG Procedures
proc template;
define statgraph sgmypanel;
dynamic _ticklist_;
begingraph;
layout lattice;
layout overlay /
xaxisopts=(type=Discrete discreteOpts=(tickValueList=_ticklist_) LABEL = "Treatment") yaxisopts = (LABEL = "Results");
BoxPlot X=Treatment Y=Results / SortOrder=Internal primary=true LegendLabel="Results" NAME="VBOX";
endlayout;
layout overlay;
ScatterPlot X=Treatment Y=Results / primary=true LegendLabel="Results"
NAME="SCATTER";
endlayout;
endlayout;
endgraph;
end;
run;
The lattice layout is a multicell layout that combines features of gridded and overlay layouts
and offers reserved areas for additional formatting:
4 sidebars (top, bottom, left, and right) that span all rows and columns
individual row and column headings
individual cell headings
axis scaling on a per cell, per row, per column, all rows, or all columns basis
Lattice Layout
Lattice, Overlay and Gridded Layout
layout lattice / columns = 2;
layout overlay /
xaxisopts=(type=Discrete discreteOpts=(tickValueList=_ticklist_) LABEL = "Treatment"
yaxisopts = (LABEL = "Results");
BoxPlot X=Treatment Y=Results / SortOrder=Internal primary=true LegendLabel="Results"
NAME="VBOX";
endlayout;
layout overlay;
ScatterPlot X=Treatment Y=Results / primary=true LegendLabel="Results" NAME="SCATTER";
layout gridded /
columns=2 border=TRUE autoalign=(BottomLeft TopLeft TopRight);
entry "Mean of Dataset:"; entry "Mean";
entry "Std Dev of Dataset:"; entry "Std Dev";
endlayout;
endlayout;
endlayout;
Lattice
Overlay
(or gridded)
Using Dynamic Variables
Created a Dynamic Variable called VAR.
Using the statement: (after Proc Template)
Dynamic VAR;
layout gridded /
columns=2 border=TRUE autoalign=(BottomLeft TopLeft TopRight);
entry "Mean of Dataset:"; entry eval(strip(put(mean(VAR),8.2)));
entry "Std Dev of Dataset:"; entry eval(strip(put(stddev(VAR),8.2)));
endlayout;
Using EVAL to calculate the mean
and standard deviation
proc sgrender data=boxplots template=sgmypanel;
dynamic var = "Results";
run;
Rendering with
SGRENDER
Setting the dynamic variable to equal Results.
Quiz 6
The Gridded Layout
is the simplest organisation
of cells and can be used to
enter text!
Lattice layout = multicell layout
Overlayout is useful for
superimposing plots
What's the easiest way to obtain GTL Code?
Best for superimposing plots?
Best for complex multicell layouts?
Best for entering text?
Questions?
?
proc sgplot data = merged;
scatter x = bodyweight y = Results / group = treatment;
run;
proc sgplot data = merged;
reg x = bodyweight y = Results / group = treatment;
run;
proc sgplot data = merged;
scatter x = bodyweight y = Results / group = treatment;
reg x = bodyweight y = Results / nomarkers;
run;
What code?
Which words are not real plot statements?
refline
inset
set
inref
Full transcript


text:
These feather-like crystals are both ingested by humans for health and used by them to scrub floors and get the gunk off tiles. Take a look at what they are, and why polarized light makes them look so amazing.
The picture above is citric acid crystals, viewed through a polarization microscope. Everyone reading this has had either citric acid or scurvy sometime in their life. Citric acid, as you might imagine, is in most citrus fruits, as well as a few berries, is used by companies as a way to serve Vitamin C, and is the powder that you see on the outside of sour balls and other sour candy. The acid also dissolves a lot of grime, and thus is used in household cleaners, which is why many cleaners contain 'lemon oil.' It's a useful molecule, but who expected that it could be prettied up?
A polarization microscope shoots polarized light at objects, especially crystals. Crystals tend toward double refraction. They split beams of light which aren't polarized into two beams, travelling at right angles to each other and polarized at right angles as well. When the beams exit the crystal the two waves, which have traveled at different speeds, are out of phase with each other. A second polarization filter combine, the peaks and valleys merging together to either create huge peaks of light or dark areas, and we get the image above.
It's not often we see the beauty in the everyday, so let us take a quick moment to appreciate the lovely thing we put in our mouths and use to clean our toilets.
Image: Jan Homann


text:
Modeling of Unsteady Flow in Karst Reservoirs Using a Modified Brinkman's Equation
M.S. Jamal and A.A. Awotunde
Event name: Saint Petersburg 2018
Session: Reservoir Modelling
Publication date: 09 April 2018
Info: Extended abstract, PDF ( 630.5Kb )
Price: € 20
The Brinkman's equation simplifies the numerical modelling of karst reservoirs by allowing the use of a single transport equation to model the flow of fluids in both the free flow and porous regions, in effect reducing the error arising from improper modelling of the interface between the two regions. However, most of the equations available to model flow within karst reservoirs deal with steady flow conditions. This approach however may not be accurate in reservoirs where unsteady conditions exist. We considered the effects of unsteady flow conditions in karst reservoirs by adding an unsteady flow term to the Brinkman's equation. We solved the coupled conservation-transport equations that models unsteady fluid transport in karst reservoirs and then studied the effects of unsteady flow conditions on tracer transport in two different sample reservoirs. The solution method adopted is sequential and involves solving the unsteady Brinkman's model first, followed by advection-diffusion-adsorption equation using the cell-centred finite volume approach. The same problems were also solved using a steady flow Brinkman's model, and the results obtained were compared. were compared. The results show that, inside the caves, the unsteady Brinkman's model yielded lower tracer concentrations at early times when compared to the steady flow model.


your DLL functions
 function3(value); //as any other java function
 }
}
First, generate example.class from example.java (using javac or your EDI or maven...). Second, generate C/C++ header file Java_my_group_mypackage_example.h from example.class using javah.
share|improve this answer

I am gettting expected ';' before 'catch' error – itsrajesh4uguys Aug 1 at 7:23

Hi @itsrajesh4uguys I think your issue is just before using CATCH_CPP_EXCEPTION_AND_THROW_JAVA_EXCEPTION. To localize the line, you may replace CATCH_CPP_EXCEPTION_AND_THROW_JAVA_EXCEPTION by the corresponding code (without the '' at the end of each lines). Good luck, cheers ;-) – olibre Aug 28 at 12:31
Have you considered catching this exception and then wrapping it in a runtime exception, just to get it up higher in the stack?
I used a similar 'hack' in SCJD. Generally NPE indicates an error on your part, but if you're convinced you're not doing anything wrong, then simply make a well documented RuntimeException that explains that the exception is used to bubble the Exception. Then unwrap it and test if for instance of NPE and deal with it as your own Exception.
If it's going to result in erroneous data, then you have no other option, but to get to the root of it.
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You mean, you think I should propagate the exception up by throwing a RuntimeException? When debugging the application a NPE will be thrown when a .set() (for instance) is called on a variable which you can see through the debugger and is reportable from a Log.v() directly before the .set() is called. – Graeme Dec 12 '11 at 10:00

I mean that if you can't get to the root of it because it's not your own API throwing it. Then wrap it for yourself in an Exception that you are fully aware of like 'BubbleException' you can then test higher up in your stack for this Exception and deal with it as your own. Generally though NPE indicates there is a null somewhere, but if you think it's root is lower in the stack (perhaps code you are using) then either ditch the code, or throw it in an RuntimeException of your own as to not inconvenience your API clients with an Exception that you can't explain yourself. – thejartender Dec 12 '11 at 10:24

What I'm saying is the native code doesn't "throw" and Exception, it dies in a totally different way which can't be caught with try / catch. The NPE's reported I think are a side effect of the native code dying and are not directly related to the crash in any way. – Graeme Dec 12 '11 at 10:26

Ok.. Sorry I tried :( – thejartender Dec 12 '11 at 10:30

Not a problem - thanks for trying. Think the problem is a tricky one to pin down – Graeme Dec 12 '11 at 10:32
There is possibility to catch exceptions by UncaughtExceptionHandler, but i'm not sure if it will catch exceptions from native code
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I've just finished ACRA and breakpad integration: _URL_
Check out the lib and demo app. Hope this two mature tools integration will be useful to somebody.
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text:
As the European organic market accelerates its growth, consumers are increasingly looking for produce that can be trusted, sustainably produced and environmentally friendly. Over the last decade, organic research has shifted to faster growing markets in Asia, despite fraudulent organic food still being an issue in Europe. This study addresses this gap by investigating the differences in consumers trust in organic meat and vegetables across 4 European Countries (Germany, Italy, Poland and the UK). In this study an online cross-sectional survey utilising validated tools was designed and data collected from 2071 respondents, approximately representative in terms of gender, age and region per country. Results identified between country differences in trust and beliefs in the 'organicness' of the produce. Overall, consumers had a high levels of trust in certified organic food chain and produce, and strong beliefs in the benefits of certification bodies; however this differed between countries. Italy and Poland respondents reported higher overall trust and preferred EU certification; whilst the UK and Germany reported lower trust and preferred their national certification bodies. Similarly, there were interesting differences between the products and national preferences. The findings highlight opportunities especially in Germany and the UK, for private industry, national and world-level bodies to improve the sustainability and growth of the organic food market.
- Organic crops
- Consumer Science


Program Overview
About the Program
Right Time Pricing is a new way of paying for electricity that gives you more control over your energy costs.Family Sitting
As a participant in this voluntary program, you'll be charged for your electricity depending on when you choose to use it. Unlike the simple flat rate you pay for electricity today, Right Time Pricing rewards you with a lower rate for using electricity during "off-peak" (lower) demand times.
If you're an energy conscious customer, you can save money by shifting your highest electricity use to periods of the day when prices are lower. Managing your electricity use through Right Time Pricing also means you help reduce strain on the regional electricity supply. This helps avert power outages and reduce harmful carbon emissions for a healthier environment.


preview
What Is The Birthday Paradox
Decent Essays
INTRODUCTION
The birthday paradox, also known as the birthday problem, states that in a random gathering of 23 people, there is a 50% chance that two people will have the same birthday. Is this really true? With 23 people there's a 50-50 chance of two people having the same birthday. In a room of 75 there's a 99.9% chance of two people matching. "Birthday paradox is strange, counter-intuitive, and completely true. It's only a "paradox because our brains can't handle the compounding power of exponents." How is this possible? The math behind the birthday paradox has to do with probability. It is important to take in consideration, that in order to find out the probability of people who has the same birthday, what is the probability that they
…show more content…
P(s) + P(d) = 1 or 100%, therefore, P(s) = 100% - P(d). We know there are 365 days in a year, out of all those days what is the probability that 2 people have the same birthday. For every person in the group you subtract the number of days in the year. For example, if there are 30 people you would subtract 30 from 365 and that would give you 335. Then you would subtract divide (365!/335!)/(365)^30, that would give you .2937 which you then would convert into percentage 29.37%. So 29.37% is the percentage and probability that people have different birthdays out of the 30. We are trying to find out what the probability is for people who have the same birthday. In order to determine that you would take the formula given above and then plug the numbers in. P(s)=100%-29.37%. You would then end up with P(s)…show more content…
Therefore, the probability he would fin is 2/529. This, however, differentiates from the original way of solving because in order to find the probability you would divide the number of days in a year ! (365!) over the number of days in a year minus the number of people in the room, 365!/342! Divided by (365)^23 would give you .491266 which is equivalent to 49%. After that you would subtract the percent given (49.12%) from 100% which would give you 50.88%. The difference in how that was figured out was that there is a formula that makes things more useful. Another method that was considered when trying to find the answer to the "Birthday Paradox", was pairing up the number of people with the number of days. For example, on examination can be trying to find the 1 out of the 10 people that shares a birthday with someone else out of 4 days in a year.So you would write it out so that it looks as if they are pairing
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text:
Doctor Who's Sonic Screwdriver Could Someday Be Real
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How's this for a DIY project: A team of ultrasonic engineers at Bristol University, together with The Big Bang: UK Young Scientists and Engineers Fair, are drawing up plans for how to build a real-world version of Doctor Who's famous sonic screwdriver.
Professor Bruce Drinkwater, a professor of ultrasonics that's also heading the group working with The Big Bang Fair, said that by operating the waves at frequencies way beyond the range of human hearing, you can use them to apply forces to objects.
Medicine is one of the immediate applications; researchers are developing ultrasonic force fields that can separate diseased cells from healthy cells. The trick is to see if super-powerful versions of these sound beams could actually move objects.
"Doctor Who is renowned for bending the rules of science," Drinkwater said. "But technology has radically moved on since the Doc first stepped out of his Tardis in the sixties. Whilst a fully functioning time machine may still be light years away, engineers are already experimenting with ultrasonic waves to move and manipulate small objects."
Engineers from The Big Bang Fair are trying to find a way to spin the waves at high enough speed to create a twisting force "similar to that of a miniature tornado." The first project: undo a screw, as if it were a real screwdriver. On the other side, a rotating ultrasonic force field could even act like the head of a screwdriver.
Still, a real version of the Doctor Who sonic screwdriver is still a ways off. If and when researchers do develop one, it's likely that its capabilities would be limited to small applications like the cell barrier one mentioned above. It wouldn't be able to burn holes in metal or heal wounds, for example—at least not in the beginning.
But that doesn't diminish the excitement for us; we'll take one to go along with our space-time cloak. We're just hoping the finished sonic screwdriver makes that awesome sound effect whenever you press the trigger. All it needs is a little extra speaker in it like the one in the Wii Remote, right?