text:
Out with the wood, in with the new
Denver crews recently removed portions of two abandoned 8-foot-diameter pipes made of wood planks and banded together with steel,
In 1913, these wood-stave pipes were installed at the intersection of High Line Canal and Cherry Creek in south Denver. The pipes ran underneath the creek, moving irrigation water in the canal from one side of the creek to the other.
The only evidence that the two abandoned pipes still existed was that one pipe was starting to become exposed in Cherry Creek.
One of the pipelines also had a 5-foot-diameter concrete pipe inside, which was installed in the 1990s so the High Line Canal water could continue to flow under Cherry Creek. The other wooden pipe was taken completely out of service.
At one time, wood-stave pipelines were considered some of the best, and several had been installed by private water utilities long before Denver Water was established, according to Devin Shable, Denver Water project engineer.
"Today, Denver Water's water lines are made of concrete, steel, ductile iron or cast iron, which are far more effective to transport water because of the material's ability to handle higher pressure and resist deterioration," he said.
While the wooden pipes in this project were in operation into the '90s, the last wood-stave pipe used to deliver drinking water to customers was decommissioned more than 50 years ago, ending an era of pipe that had at one time carried almost all of Denver's water.
In 1963, wood-stave pipes in the drinking water distribution system were shut off and abandoned, or replaced with concrete or steel pipes as part of a $1.15 million project to improve the capacity and reliability of the system.
Denver Water operates and maintains more than 3,000 miles of pipe, enough to stretch from Los Angeles to New York.


text:
If an entity has a foreign key as part of its primary key and you try to query that entity in a subselect clause in DQL, an exception is thrown in ClassMetadataInfo->getQuotedColumnName. The problem seems to be that it's only considering the field mappings rather than both the field and association mappings when it's looking for the correct column name.
- Article(id primary key, title, content)
- ArticleTag(article_id, tag, primary key (article_id, tag))
Example DQL: select art from Article art where exists (select tag from ArticleTag tag where tag.article = art)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Discover Dutch Cycling with Naviki
Cycling and The Netherlands: one cannot go without the other! As natural as it is for the average Dutchman to use the bike for daily transportation, it is not always that obvious for foreigners. Through the development of a platform with best practice bicycle routes and facilities in Dutch municipalities, we introduce foreigners to Dutch cycling.
For foreigners who want to:
- Experience cycling infrastructure and facilities in The Netherlands.
- Create cycling awareness.
- Develop a scope of possibilities.
- Build up examples for decision making.
- Get inspired.
For Dutch municipalities who want to:
- Promote Dutch cycling and their city.
- Encourage foreign stakeholders to learn from Dutch cycling.
- Encourage opportunities for cooperation and partnerships.
The basis of Discover Dutch Cycling is Naviki, a route planner for cyclists that allows you to go from A to B and a lot more. Users can:
- Plan, collect and share routes.
- Use the Navigation app to navigate from A to B with different suggestions of routes in a cycle-friendly environment to make cycling convenient, enjoyable and safe.
- Use the Navigation app to record your paths.
- Access the website from the entire world in six languages
- Share information and routes on Facebook and Twitter.
- Have access to additional information such as distance, elevation profile and saved CO2.
- Have access to practical information such as accommodation, restaurants, leisure areas or bike shops.
The Discover Dutch Cycling Naviki Page promotes the best bicycle-friendly environments in several Dutch cities: cycle tracks, shared spaces, roundabouts, bike parking and other cycling facilities.
- By providing routes, stories and pictures that showcase cities' best cycling practices.
- By including organizations and partners' contact details.
Users obviously get advantages in using Discover Dutch Cycling. They have access to a free and handy service to organize their "learning trip" in a self-reliant way. Moreover, Discover Dutch Cycling has also specific advantages for Dutch municipalities:
- Redirect foreign stakeholders having requests that cannot be dealt with in person to an efficient, free and handy platform.
- Get in touch with foreign stakeholders.
- Create opportunities for future cooperation and partnerships.
- Increase the amount of visitors on your own website.
- Make your bicycle-friendly environment better known in the rest of the world.
- Get a geographical and an online visibility in the international cycling context.
All we need from you to set up the page
If you represent a city or town, like the idea and want to be part of this international adventure: get on board with us and other Dutch cities! The more cities join, the more convenient this platform will be for users. You can have this done for your municipality with low effort and low cost involved.
Here are the materials we need from you:
- A route (preferably less than 20 km), mapped as precisely as possible.
- An English introduction with cycling specific information about your city or town (about 100 words): why is your city relevant to visit? Why is the route relevant to bike on? What can visitors learn?
- 5 high quality pictures related to the route.
Are you as enthusiastic as we are about showcasing how attractive, safe and fun cycling in the Netherlands is? If so, feel free to contact us and we will explain how to cooperate with us.


Wednesday, December 9, 2009
Rule 1: State Your Grain
Make sure you have a statement of grain for each fact table or cube in your dimensional design.
I receive lots of questions from people who are working through an issue with a star or cube. Most of the time, I must counter with a question of my own: "What is the grain?" Without this basic information, it is usually impossible to comment on whatever design issue the person is facing.
Being able to state grain is important, and not just for its value as a conversation starter. Here's a brief look at what grain is, how to define it, and what happens if you don't.
What is Grain
A statement of grain identifies what is represented by a single, granular row in a fact table (or an un-aggregated measure in a cube.) Each and every row in the fact table should meet this definition, with no wiggle-room.
When grain is not explicitly defined, or is defined in an ambiguous way, all manner of problems may arise. In addition to hampering your ability to talk about the design with someone else, ill-defined grain can cause to severe technical challenges in the reporting process. It may even lead to reports that are just plain wrong.
Defining Grain
There are two ways to state the grain of a fact table. The first way is to use business language, referencing a specific, well-understood artifact of the activity described by the star. For example, a star that describes orders may have the following grain: "Order measurements at the order-line level of detail." That sums things up pretty well. Each row of the fact table corresponds to a single order line.
Sometimes it is not easy to state grain in this manner. When that's the case, you use the dimensions in a star to indicate what each unique row in the fact table represents. For example, a star that tracks the processing milestones of mortgage applications might have the following grain: "Processing measurements by application and status." This fact table will have a new row each time an application (one dimension) undergoes a change in status (another dimension.)
When using dimensional terms to define grain, do not simply rattle off all the dimensions present in the star. Instead, list only those that are necessary to define a unique row. In the mortgage status change example, it is not necessary to mention that the star will also contain dimensions for date, customer, mortgage officer, mortgage product, and so forth.
Business definitions of grain are usually used for transaction fact tables. Dimensional grain definitions are commonly used for snapshots, accumulating snapshots, derived schemas and aggregates.
Fuzzy Grain
Poorly defined grain can lead to trouble. Ill-defined grain can mask a situation where a fact table is actually being used to track two or more processes. It can also lead to situations in which the fact table contains two or more levels of aggregation. In the former case, single-process reporting will be hampered. BI developers will be bending over backwards to focus on the relevant subset of data. In the latter case, double-counting, triple-counting or worse is possible.
This is why "sate your grain" is rule #1 in any dimensional design.
Image by GravityX9 licensed under Creative Commons 2.0


text:
Patient as Teacher
Patient as Teacher is a new and exciting program that integrates humanistic and patient-centred approaches into undergraduate surgical education. As the program name suggests: patients become the teachers. Previous patients volunteer their time to share their experiences and insights with medical students. In turn, students learn about the surgical journey from the perspectives of patients. Our goal is to contribute to the learning and practice of compassionate and socially responsible care.


Alive2 Part 2: Tracking miscompilations in LLVM using its own unit tests
 - 时间: 2020-06-04 05:49:56
[This piece is co-authored by Nuno P. Lopes and John Regehr.]
Alive2 is a formal verification framework for LLVM optimizations. It includes multiple tools, including a plugin for 'opt' to verify whether the optimizations just run are correct or not. We gave an introduction to Alive2 in a previous post.
A few years ago we used an old version of Alive to verify small, automatically generated test cases. These test cases had functions with three instructions which were then piped through different optimizations and their outputs verified with Alive for correctness. This approach found several bugs in the then-current version of LLVM.
But we want more — we want to identify and hopefully help fix all miscompilations that can be triggered in practice. To this end, we created Alive2, which can reason about a wide variety of intraprocedural optimizations including those that work with control flow, memory, vectors, and floating point types. We then started running Alive2 regularly on LLVM's own unit tests. This has already resulted in 39 bug reports.
Working on the unit tests makes a lot of sense:
 - The behaviors being tested are clearly important, or at least interesting, or else the LLVM developers wouldn't have made them part of the unit test suite in the first place.
 - The tests are usually small and only involve one or a few optimizations, making it much easier to fix problems than it is when we observe miscompilations in the field.
In this post we describe the process of running Alive2 on LLVM's unit tests, and give an overview of the remaining problems we've found in LLVM that still need to be fixed.
Running Alive2 on LLVM's unit tests
LLVM's unit tests are run by a tool called lit, which makes it easy to interpose on calls to opt, the standalone optimizer for LLVM IR. We simply run a subset of the unit tests like this:
$ ~/llvm/build/bin/llvm-lit -vv -Dopt=$HOME/alive2/scripts/ ~/llvm/llvm/test/Transforms
Our script, then, loads the Alive2 opt plugin and fails the test case if Alive2 can prove that it was optimized improperly. This script has a list of passes that are not supported by Alive2, so it can avoid false positives (tests that look wrong to Alive2, but are actually correct). We take this issue very seriously, to avoid wasting people's time. Passes that aren't currently supported are those that do interprocedural optimizations.
In addition to unsupported passes, Alive2 doesn't support all of LLVM's IR, including some function attributes and many intrinsics and library functions. If a test case uses an unsupported feature, Alive2 still tries to analyze it to find miscompilations involving only supported IR features, while conservatively approximating the remaining parts.
Running the above lit command takes around 15 hours of CPU time, or less than 2 hours on an 8-core machine.
Tracking bugs over time
We built a simple dashboard to track the evolution of bugs found by Alive2 in LLVM's unit tests over time.
The plot shows two lines: number of failures per day, and number of failures if 'undef' values were to disappear from LLVM. At the time of writing, Alive2 reported a total of 95 bugs in the unit tests, with 25 of those being ok if undef was removed. Since 'undef' values still exist, these optimizations are incorrect. We plot both lines as an incentive to get rid of 'undef' values: over a quarter of the reports would disappear.
The page has further information for the last five runs, including the reports that were fixed and which are new in each run. Clicking on a run gives the list of all failed tests, as well as a short manually written description of the failure cause.
We use a timeout in Alive2 for the work done by the theorem prover underneath. Unfortunately, some reports are only triggered very close to the timeout and therefore sometimes there is churn, with a test failing only in some runs.
Current issues in LLVM
Many of the bugs we've found and reported have been fixed already. Most of these were some Instcombine pattern that was incorrect for some inputs. Other issues are trickier to solve, for example some bugs are hard to fix without performance regressions, as they may need further changes in other optimizations or even in SelectionDAG to recognize a different IR canonicalization. In some cases, there is not yet an agreement on the right semantics for the IR: these can't be fixed straight away without considering pros and cons of different semantics and getting the community to reach a consensus about them. We now give a few examples of open issues in LLVM.
Introduction of branch on poison/undef
Branching on a poison or undef value is immediate UB, like dividing by zero. Optimizations that hoist branches and/or combine multiple branches can introduce branches on values that were not observed in the original program. This issue is prevalent across multiple optimizations like SimplifyCFG, loop unswitch, simple loop unswitch, and induction variable simplification. A simple example:
if (x) { if (y) { S1 }} =>if (x & y) { S1}
The original program would not branch on y if x was false. The optimized code, however, always branches on x and y. Therefore, when x=false and y=poison, the source program is well defined, but the optimized program is UB. This is a failure of refinement and the transformation is wrong.
One possible solution is to stop performing these transformations, but in general this is not considered acceptable because it loses performance. A different solution is to add freeze instructions that we introduced in a paper, and that have been supported in LLVM since version 10.0. Freezing a regular value has no effect, and freezing undef or poison results in an arbitrary value being chosen.
A correct version of the wrong optimization above is:
if (x & freeze(y)) { S1}
We know where freeze instructions need to be introduced — this is not too difficult. However, adding too many freezes can (and has) led to performance regressions. These are usually not because freeze is inherently expensive, but rather because freezes can inhibit optimizations, particularly those involving loops. Fixing the regressions is a matter of putting in the engineering effort to do things like hoisting freeze out of loops, eliminating unnecessary freezes, and teaching optimizations not to be blocked by freezes. Work is underway, but several parts of the compiler need to be touched and it will take some time.
Introduction of undef uses
Generally speaking, it is not legal to add a new use of an undef value in LLVM. This is a problem in practice because it is easy for compiler developers to forget that almost any value is potentially undef. For example, shl %x, 1 and add %x, %x are not equivalent if %x might be undef. The former always returns an even number, while the latter could also yield an odd number if %x is undef. In other words, different uses of an undef value can resolve to different concrete values. Alive2 reports 25 test cases that are incorrect if we consider some of the variables to be undef, but are correct otherwise.
Some cases are easy to fix. For the example above, we can simply choose to canonicalize the IR to the shift instruction. We could also freeze %x, since all uses of the frozen value will resolve to the same concrete value.
This canonicalization has no obvious alternative solution other than using freeze or removing undef entirely from LLVM:
sext(x < 0? 0 : x) =>zext(x < 0? 0 : x)
If x is undef, the expression x<0? 0 : x may yield a negative number. Therefore, replacing the sign-extension with a zero-extension is not correct. Freezing x or eliminating undef values would both work.
Pointer comparison semantics
LLVM pointers track object provenance. That is, a pointer derived from a malloc() call can only point within the buffer allocated by that call, even if the underlying machine value of the pointer happens to point to another buffer. For example:
int *p = malloc(4);int *q = malloc(4);p[x] = 2; // this implies x = 0; cannot write to q, for example
The reason for this semantics is that it enables cheap, local alias analysis. If provenance tracking didn't exist, alias analysis would often need to do whole program analysis where today it can get away with easy, local reasoning. This is nice; we all love fast compilation times and good object code!
The goal of provenance tracking is to prevent the program from learning the layout of objects in memory. If the program could learn that q is placed right after p in memory for the example above, the program could potentially change their contents without the compiler realizing it. A way the memory layout can leak is through pointer comparison. For example, what should p


Learning in Non-Cooperative Configurable Markov Decision ProcessesDownload PDF
Published: 09 Nov 2021, Last Modified: 05 May 2023NeurIPS 2021 PosterReaders: Everyone
Keywords: Reinforcement Learning, Configurable MDP, Multi-agent learning
TL;DR: A novel framework that handles different intentions between the configurator and the agent
Abstract: The Configurable Markov Decision Process framework includes two entities: a Reinforcement Learning agent and a configurator that can modify some environmental parameters to improve the agent's performance. This presupposes that the two actors have the same reward functions. What if the configurator does not have the same intentions as the agent? This paper introduces the Non-Cooperative Configurable Markov Decision Process, a setting that allows having two (possibly different) reward functions for the configurator and the agent. Then, we consider an online learning problem, where the configurator has to find the best among a finite set of possible configurations. We propose two learning algorithms to minimize the configurator's expected regret, which exploits the problem's structure, depending on the agent's feedback. While a naive application of the UCB algorithm yields a regret that grows indefinitely over time, we show that our approach suffers only bounded regret. Furthermore, we empirically show the performance of our algorithm in simulated domains.
Code Of Conduct: I certify that all co-authors of this work have read and commit to adhering to the NeurIPS Statement on Ethics, Fairness, Inclusivity, and Code of Conduct.
Supplementary Material: pdf
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SAP Knowledge Base Article - Public
_PHONE_ - You Are Not Able to Change the Tax Amount in an Invoice
You are not able to change the Tax Amount in an Invoice.
SAP Business ByDesign
Reproducing the Issue
 1. Go to the Customer Invoicing work center.
 2. Select the Invoice Requests view.
 3. Select the respective Invoice Request and click on the Invoice button.
 4. In the New Invoice navigate to the Pricing tab.
 5. You can see that the Tax Amount cannot be changed.
It is not possible to maintain only a total tax amount for the entire customer invoice.
The total tax amount at the document level of the invoices is calculated aggregately i.e. by adding up individual item level tax amounts (calculated depending upon the tax rate, tax type, and tax rate type) and then rounding off that sum to relevant decimal places (as per that currency).
Tax rates are fixed to the selected tax codes which are then used to calculate the tax. The tax amount cannot be changed manually as it is calculated by the system.
 You can adjust tax codes that are determined in order to receive a different tax rate, depending on country specific requirements. However a manual change of the tax amount within the document is not possible.
This is the expected system behavior.
See Also
Blog: Rules of Tax Difference Distribution in SAP Business ByDesign
Tax Amount; Change; Manually, KBA, SRD-CRM-INV, Customer Invoicing, Problem
SAP Business ByDesign all versions


index page the cardiovascular system
The cardiovascular system (Squats Martine)
To pass the test you must be able to sit for 5 minutes, run 20 full squats. the test takes about 10-15 minutes.
Test
Your birthday:
 Sex:
1. You must sit 5 minutes.
2. Count the pulse at rest.
3. Enter to squats pulse:
4. Perform 20 squats stretching his arms in front of the average pace (1-1.5 seconds one squat).
5. Two minutes to sit quietly.
6. Read pulse for the next 3,4,5,6 minutes. Enter the program number of minutes at which the pulse became equal to the pulse squats.
7. Enter the number of minutes at which the pulse became normal:
8. Press "Enter". The test is complete!
enter


text:
In situ α-Fe2O3 modified La2Ti2O7 with enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity†
Developing high-efficiency photocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction is one of the potential solutions to address both energy and pollution issues. In this study, α-Fe2O3 modified La2Ti2O7 was successfully synthesized with intimate contact between La2Ti2O7 and α-Fe2O3, greatly facilitating the carrier separation and transfer during the photocatalytic reaction. The activity and stability for photocatalytic CO2 reduction over α-Fe2O3/La2Ti2O7 were significantly improved as compared with the La2Ti2O7 substrate. The optimized 3% α-Fe2O3/ La2Ti2O7 composite showed excellent CO2 reduction activity after 5 h consecutive illumination, and the total utilized photoelectron number (UPN) reached 7.76 μmol, which was about 4.4 times higher than that of the pristine La2Ti2O7. The steady-state photoluminescence spectra, time-resolved photoluminescence spectra (TRPL) and photocurrent response results showed that the improved charge separation efficiency was the key factor to enhance the photocatalytic activity. This work provides novel insights into the design and fabrication of photocatalysts of high performance for CO2 reduction for solar-to-energy applications.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
a male given name.
[lamp] /læmp/ noun 1. any of various devices furnishing artificial light, as by electricity or gas. Compare,. 2. a container for an inflammable liquid, as oil, which is burned at a wick as a means of illumination. 3. a source of intellectual or spiritual light: the lamp of learning. 4. any of various […]
[lam-pad] /ˈlæm pæd/ noun 1. lamp or candlestick.
[lam-puh-dair, lahm-] /ˌlæm pəˈdɛər, ˌlɑm-/ noun 1. a pedestal of the Empire period for a lamp or candelabrum.
[lam-pahng] /ˈlæmˈpɑŋ/ noun 1. a city in NW Thailand.


text:
Visible Electro-Optical (EO) System and LIDAR Fusion for Low Cost Perception by Autonomous Ground Vehicles
The Toyon-MST team proposes to perform research and development of a system which fuses multi-spectral EO and 3D data collected with a low-cost LIDAR to enable improved perception for unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). The scope of the proposed work includes development of algorithms and software, and development, implementation, integration, testing, and delivery of a prototype, to perform EO-LIDAR fusion enabling improved navigation and obstacle avoidance by Navy UGVs. The proposed Phase II effort includes development of innovative algorithms and efficient software for auto-calibration of the multi-spectral EO and LIDAR sensors. The purpose of this development is to enable effective multi-sensor fusion, including stereo EO range estimation, multi-spectral EO terrain classification, and fusion of EO and LIDAR data for improved 3D imaging and terrain/obstacle classification. The proposed Phase II effort also includes development of innovative algorithms and efficient software for EO-LIDAR fusion for 3D imaging with improved resolution and accuracy, and for terrain characterization, including detection of obstacles hidden in vegetation such as tall grass. The focus of initial development is on mid-to-large-sized UGVs, such as the EV1 HMMVW and EV2 ITV developmental Navy UGV platforms, capable of carrying large equipment loads and improving mobility for marine expeditionary forces.
Small Business Information at Submission:
Research Institution Information:
Toyon Research Corp.
6800 Cortona Drive Goleta, CA -
Number of Employees:
Missouri Univ. of Science&Tech.
202 Centennial Hall
300 West 12th Street
Rolla, MO 65409-


Treadmill vs Curved Treadmill: Difference and Comparison
Treadmill and Curved Treadmill are 2 types of gymming equipment for balancing health. They both have the same purpose to resolve but differently. One has a feature of a power supply other does not.
/10
Health Quiz
Test your knowledge about topics related to health
1 / 10
What is the most common cause of a headache?
2 / 10
What are the 5 food groups in a balanced diet?
3 / 10
Which of the following diseases is caused by dog bites?
4 / 10
What is the leading cause of death worldwide?
5 / 10
Substances that are found in food that help your body grow and develop.
6 / 10
What is the recommended daily fiber intake for an adult?
7 / 10
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of depression?
8 / 10
What is the main cause of sleep apnea?
9 / 10
What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for an adult?
10 / 10
What is the best way to improve sleep quality?
Your score is
0%
One mange speed manually and the other is based upon automatic technology. They sound similar but have different modes of operation. There are various tools for cardio exercise in the market and we are differentiating two out of them.
Key Takeaways
 1. Curved treadmills provide a more natural running experience than traditional treadmills, as they rely on the runner's body movements.
 2. Traditional treadmills consume more energy, whereas curved treadmills are eco-friendly and require no electricity.
 3. Curved treadmills can offer more effective workouts, targeting different muscle groups and promoting better running form.
Treadmill vs Curved Treadmill
A traditional treadmill is powered by electricity, has a continuous belt, adjustable incline levels, and maybe high-impact on the joints. A curved treadmill is powered by the user's movement, has a curved belt with a natural incline, is low-impact on the joints, and provides a challenging workout.
Treadmill vs Curved Treadmill
The term Treadmill is a piece of equipment that works on energy for reducing calories. It is a convenient tool used for muscle exercise where one can manage speed, time automatically.
High care and maintenance are required to keep it working in a long run. Being an automatic machine sometimes results in unsafe usage.
The term Curved Treadmill is an exercising tool that works manually to burn calories in the human body. Unlike conventional Treadmills, it has no motor machinery in it which makes it safe to use.
It requires very low maintenance and care. The shelf-life of a Curved Treadmill is good if used regularly.
Comparison Table
Parameters of ComparisonTreadmillCurved Treadmill
Calorie CountA Treadmill burns fewer calories in comparison to Curved Treadmill.Curved treadmills can burn 30% more calories in comparison to traditional Treadmills.
Muscular ImpactTreadmill leaves less impact on muscles. Curved Treadmill engages all muscles of the human body.
MotorThe Treadmill has an electric motor in it.Curved Treadmill works without any electric motor.
OperationThe Treadmill operates on a power supplyCurved Treadmill operates solely on human legs similar to walking on the road.
AffordableBased upon old technology the standard Treadmill is inexpensive.Based upon the ancient method of running, Curved Treadmill is expensive.
What is Treadmill?
The treadmill is a well-known running machine for workouts. It works on the power supply and cannot be installed outside if no power plug is there.
One can walk miles by staying at the same place with the help of a Treadmill device. Post-launch of modern Curved Treadmills, it is considered as old technology for a workout.
Besides Running, People can use it for jogging, walking as per the device setting of the machinery. William Staub was the inventor of the Standard Treadmill for domestic use. Initially, it was experienced by athletes, sportspersons.
Later on, it becomes a part of everyday exercise as an alternative to a long morning walk.
The purpose of the Treadmill is the physical fitness of the human body for a sustainable life. In the year 1913, the US was the first country to patent, Traditional Treadmill device as an exercise tool.
People prefer it for exceptional cardiovascular workouts. Some prominent health benefits of Treadmills are Tonned Muscules, Weight loss, and good heart health.
Regular Treadmills do not allow self-pacing and aerobics testings. It requires continuous efforts and money for the maintenance in long run. If used outdoor, it carries the risk of harsh sunlight and rain.
treadmill
What is a Curved Treadmill?
Curved Treadmill is a no electricity running equipment used for health fitness. It is supplied by various global companies but IN10CT Health Runner comes on first ranking worldwide.
Unlike Standard Treadmill, it is not budget-friendly. It has a low risk of heart attacks since it is not energy operated.
It allows you to run on the balls of your feet naturally with muscular energy. With multiple health benefits, it burns ample calories in the human body. It can be maintained by applying regular oil to the screws.
It can be used outside as well since no power plugs are required to operate its machinery.
It is a modern era technology to live a fat-free life in conventional mode. No complex devices are installed in it, one can use it simply without spending hours on user-manual.
It can be installed in the garden or balcony of a house to enjoy nature along with exercise for dual health benefits.
It has no separate feature for a jog or running, one can walk as per the demand of calorie expenditure. There is no heat generation or friction between the belt, unlike standard Treadmills.
Gyms are moving toward the Curved Treadmills to save electricity and serve nature.
curved treadmill
Main Differences Between Treadmill and Curved Treadmill
 1. Natural walking: The Treadmill will not give a feel of natural walking whereas Curved Treadmill will give all the toils and boils of natural walking.
 2. Health Benefits: The Health Benefits of Traditional Treadmills are very few in comparison to Curved Treadmills.
 3. Joints impact: Treadmill uses few muscles for running on the other hand Curved treadmill engages more muscles for running.
 4. Propelled: Treadmill works on power and is not self-propelled in contrast the Curved Treadmill is manual and self-propelled.
 5. Shelf-life: The life expectancy of a Treadmill is less whereas the life expectancy of a Curved Treadmill is more than conventional treadmills.
Difference Between Treadmill and Curved Treadmill
References
 1. _URL_
 2. _URL_
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text:
Download app templates
You can create your own app from a shared map by downloading and configuring one of the configurable templates in the map viewer. The template ZIP file contains the files and instructions you need to customize and deploy the app on your web server.
Keep in mind that each configurable app template offers different functionality, such as different layouts and color schemes, editing and identify tools, social media feeds, and side-by-side map viewers. Some of the templates allow you to configure the app to create a customized look and feel.
If your portal is currently disconnected from the Internet, you'll need to remove all external references in the template and configure it to use your portal's utility services. You can configure the template to use the portal's utility service by setting the template's queryForOrg property to true. Instructions for removing external references and configuring utility service use are included in the readme file that is bundled with the template. To learn more about utility services, see About utility services.
If you have privileges to create and share content, you can download a template to create a web app that can be hosted on your web server by following these steps:
- Open a saved map in the map viewer and click Share. You can only make a web app with a map that is shared. If you own the map, share it by specifying sharing options in the Share window. If you don't own the map, contact the owner and have them share it, as necessary.
- Click Make a Web Application to open the Make a Web Application window with a gallery of configurable app templates you can use.
- Hover over a template thumbnail on the Configurable Apps tab to see a description of the template.
- Click Publish under the template thumbnail and choose Preview to see how your map will look in the template.
- Click Publish under the template thumbnail and choose Download to download the template files and deploy the app on your machine.
- Open or save the .zip file.


text:
Hello Friends, In this article today I will discuss Bamboo which we can use in construction works, and why bamboo is stronger than steel reinforcement so, Let's get started.
Bamboo is Stronger than Steel
Bamboo has quite high tensile strength. It is comparable with steel.
Apart from this, bamboo has an impermeable protective layer on the outer side which protects it from rotting due to water, which is a major problem for almost all organic material.
Use of Bamboo and its strength
Now in civil engineering, many people are using bamboo in place of steel for reinforcement, but bamboo is an excellent choice for reinforcement in concrete because of its higher strength as compared to steel by weight, the tensile strength Bamboo's tensile strength is roughly 28,000 per square inch versus steel's 23,000.
Bamboo is stronger more than 6 times of steel reinforcement,
In comparison, the energy needed to produce steel is almost 50 times that of this natural product. In tensile load application, results shown by bamboo are exciting because the ratio of tensile strength to specific weight of bamboo is six times greater than steel.
Article Source: civilstudents.com


text:
Yes. The frightened condition and the damage caused by the spell are separate.
I read the (amended) spell description as follows:
You tap into the nightmares of a creature you can see within range and create an illusory manifestation of its deepest fears, visible only to that creature.
- The target must make a Wisdom saving throw. On a failed save, the target becomes frightened for the duration.
- At the end of each of the target's turns before the spell ends, the target must succeed on a Wisdom saving throw
or take 4d10 psychic damage. On a successful save, the spell ends.
Crucially, successful save in the last sentence refers only to the Wisdom saving throw mentioned in the previous sentence; it's describing the corresponding outcome for success to the clause describing failure in the preceding sentence.
Thus, nothing in the spell description makes the psychic damage or the spell duration conditional upon the target being susceptible to the frightened condition. Likewise, if the target was immune to psychic damage but not to the frightened condition, they would still be frightened for the spell's duration.
Since the ongoing psychic damage is independent of the frightened condition, that part of the spell continues to apply if the target is frightened and later becomes immune to being frightened, or has that condition removed.
Contrast this with the description of Fear: (PHB, p. 239)
Each creature in a 30-foot cone must succeed on a Wisdom saving throw or... become frightened for the duration.
While frightened by this spell, a creature must take the Dash action and move away from you by the safest available route on each of its turns, unless there is nowhere to move. If the creature ends its turn in a location where it doesn't have line of sight to you, the creature can make a Wisdom saving throw. On a successful save, the spell ends for that creature.
Fear is similar to Phantasmal Killer in that it initially imposes a condition on the target(s), and then has additional effects on each of the targets' turns. But, unlike Phantasmal Killer, Fear makes it clear that the ongoing effects are conditional on the initial condition by using the conditional phrase "While frightened by this spell... ". There is no such condition applied to the ongoing damage effect of Phantasmal Killer, so it doesn't seem reasonable to read the spell as having the first saving throw mitigate all of the further described effects.
Thus, the target of Phantasmal Killer makes a save when the spell is cast, and is frightened if it fails, and they make a save on each of their turns while the spell is in effect. As soon as they succeed on any of the second kind of saves, the spell ends (and it will also end if the caster loses concentration, or one minute passes).


text:
It is demonstrated that palynomorphs can occur in fired ancient potsherds when the firing temperature was under 350°C. Pollen and phytoliths recovered from incompletely fired and fully fired potsherds (ca. 2700 yrs BP) from the Yanghai Tombs, Turpan, Xinjiang, NW China can be used as potential indicators for reconstructing past vegetation and corresponding climate in the area.
The results show a higher rate of recovery of pollen and phytoliths from incompletely fired potsherds than from fully fired ones. Charred phytoliths recovered from both fully fired and incompletely fired potsherds prove that degree and condition of firing result in a permanent change in phytolith color.
The palynological data, together with previous data of macrobotanical remains from the Yanghai Tombs, suggest that temperate vegetation and arid climatic conditions dominated in the area ca. 2700 yrs BP.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Research into detailed aspects of the phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase containing 1 isoform a revealed its role in the alpha-oxidation of phytanoyl-CoA, a metabolite of phytanic acid. Phytanic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that requires alpha-oxidation, before entrance into the beta-oxidation pathway, due to a methyl group on the third carbon. Through evolutionary sequence analysis it was shown that PhyD is most conserved in animals and fungi most likely due to them requiring it to break down the fatty acids they consume, whilst high conservation was not required by plants. The defined active site was discovered to be inside a cleft, this cleft contains the binding sites for Fe(II) and 2-oxoglyterate binding site. This structure is very similar to phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase indicating probable analogous functions. Compared to the other isoforms there is highest similarity between isoform a and c. Isoform b is most far removed due to a change in reading frame.
The investigation of the molecular mechanics of PhyD show that mutations to this gene can cause Refsum's disease (RD) due to the build up of phytanic acid, thus a greater knowledge of its action may play a vital role in treatment, recognition and prevention of this disorder. PhyD is highly expressed in tissues that are symptomatic in RD indicating a possible role in the disease state. Further research into the expression data of this gene may provide valuable information due to the hydroxylase and dioxygenase having varying tissue transcription, which may show that several different genes play a role in the complex symptoms of RD.


text:
There's something that dampens my joy on Father's Day (also Mother's Day and Valentine's Day). It's the fact that these holidays are not joyous for everyone. These holidays seriously rub salt in the wounds of some people.
Assuming that your father is still living, is it hard for you to pick out a card for him? Do you do this: pick up a card, read the sappy lines about him being "all a person could wish for in a Dad", put that card away because your relationship isn't that close, repeat the process over and over, and leave the store with a heavy heart. If this sounds like you, take heart. You are not alone. In my counseling practice, I talk to many people who wish their parents had done these things:
- Said "I love you"
- Spent more time at home
- Said "I'm proud of you"
And had not done these things:
- Abused them
- Yelled at them
- Abused drugs or alcohol
- Left the family
Other people say that their childhood was pretty good but their parents hurt them today in these ways:
- Criticizing their parenting
- Questioning their spending
- Commenting on their weight
- Showing favoritism for other family members
- Making excuses for not spending quality time with them
- Not calling them or not returning phone calls and emails
If your father has let you down in these or other ways, Father's Day might not feel like a day for celebration at first glance. However, I would encourage you to think about reaching out to your father in a new way. If you two haven't been speaking, be the first one to pick up the phone or arrive for a visit. If there has been tension between the two of you, speak or write down an apology for your part of the issue. To find examples of effective apologies, refer the book I co-wrote with Gary Chapman, When Sorry Isn't Enough. If you are on speaking terms but you wish there could be more warmth between you and your father, you could try these things:
- Give him a warm hug. He might also like to get a kiss on the cheek from his daughter.
- Don't just sign a card, but write out what you appreciate in your father. If the only thing you appreciate is that he gave you life, at least write that down.
- Spend time with your Dad doing what he most enjoys. You get bonus points if this is not an activity you enjoy but you do it with a smile.
- If he lives far away, arrange to Skype with him. If you have kids, let them chime in and show off their recent projects.
- Give him a gift that shows you were thinking of him.
- Do something for him to help lighten his load.
Whatever you do, don't delay. Clear the air today. There are too many people who wish they had just one more day to spend with their fathers. Although no one is perfect, Dads are truly irreplaceable.


text: Anytime summarization supports crew-centered operations by assisting astronauts in understanding robot performance without eyes-on supervision. These summaries also help remote controllers come up to speed quickly when they cannot observe operations directly due to communication constraints. The proposed project will develop and evaluate quantifiable metrics for robot performance that can be applied at different levels of robot autonomy (NASA Roadmap TA4). The technology for anytime summarization has direct application in NASA analogue field tests with intelligent rovers. One such test is rover exploration of a lava tube as a terrestrial analog for Mars subsurface exploration. Such subsurface operations will result in periods where the rover is out of communication. The proposed software will provide key performance indicators and interactive data exploration to quickly orient personnel once the rover is back in communication. The proposed metrics for data coverage and quality should The Department of Defense has increasingly relied on remotely operated robots and unmanned drones for hazardous missions, such as disarming improvised explosive devices or performing aerial surveillance. The software for anytime summarization supports remote situation awareness of such operations. In fact the measures of data quality and coverage were originally developed for video collected by UAV. In the private sector, remote monitoring of drilling operations has much in common with remote space operations. Drilling operations are hazardous, making remote operations desirable. Monitoring for key performance indicators is needed to ensure safety and to make operations more cost effective. The proposed anytime summarization aids situation awareness for remote monitoring of drilling operations.


text:
Day treatment facilities (or day reporting centers) are highly structured, community-based, postadjudication, nonresidential programs for serious juvenile offenders. The goal of day treatment is to provide both intensive supervision to ensure community safety and a wide range of services to the offender to prevent future delinquent behavior. The intensive supervision is fulfilled by requiring the offender to report to the facility on a daily basis at specified times for a specified length of time. Generally, programs are provided at the facility during the day and/or evening at least 5 days a week. Special weekend activities may also be conducted.
The services provided by day treatment programs include a plethora of correctional treatment methods similar to those used in halfway houses, but day treatment facilities allow program participants to return home at night and therefore do not have the costs associated with residential facilities. Treatment services in day treatment facilities may include individual and group counseling, recreation, education, vocational training, employment counseling, education, life skills and cognitive skills training, substance abuse treatment, and community resource referrals.
Day treatment facilities originated in Great Britain in the 1970's and are currently being widely implemented in the United States. A 1990 study by the National Institute of Justice found only 13 facilities in the United States. By 1995 there were at least 114 in 22 States (Parent et al., 1995). A descriptive analysis reveals that these facilities are quite diverse with respect to the type of cases, administration, operation, caseload, and program content (Parent, 1990).
Despite the rapid spread of day treatment programs, to date there are no major impact evaluations examining the effectiveness of the day treatment programs. However, several exploratory studies (Williams and Turnage, 2001; Craddock and Graham, 1996; Howell, 1998) suggest that day treatment is an effective intervention.
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text:
Tunable and injection-switchable erbium-doped fiber laser of line structure
2007 (English)In: Microwave and optical technology letters (Print), ISSN 0895-2477, E-ISSN _PHONE_, Vol. 49, no 4, 765-768 p.Article in journal (Refereed) Published
A tunable and injection-switchable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser is proposed based on a line structure formed by a fiber Sagnac loop reflector and an fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Wavelength switching is achieved by controlling the power of the tunable injection laser. The self-seeded wavelength corresponding to the Bragg wavelength of the FBG can be tuned by, for example, heating the FBG, and the injection wavelength can be tuned over a wide range of about 50 nm. The characteristics of the wavelength switching for different levels of the EDF pump power and different wavelengths of the injection laser are studied experimentally. The present fiber laser has the advantages of tunability, stability, low amplified spontaneous emission noise, and high injection efficiency when compared with a fiber ring laser. Rapid wavelength switching is expected and the transient switching response of the laser is also studied.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2007. Vol. 49, no 4, 765-768 p.
tunable, injection, switchable, line structure, erbium-doped fiber laser, high-birefringence fiber, ring laser, grating cavities, cascaded fiber
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-16455DOI: 10.1002/mop.22262ISI: 000244964500007ScopusID: 2-s2.0-34047195304OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-16455DiVA: diva2:334497
QC 201005252010-08-052010-08-052013-11-19Bibliographically approved


text:
What is Forsythia Fruit?
- Basic Botanical Data of Forsythia Fruit.
- Forsythia Fruit Constituents and Phytochemicals.
- Properties and Effects of Forsythia Fruit.
- Forsythia Fruit Actions and Indications.
- Modern applications of Forsythia Fruit.
- Forsythia Fruit:Cautions and Contraindications.
- Forsythia Fruit:Part Used and Method for Pharmaceutical Preparations.
- Indications and Combinations of Forsythia Fruit.
- Research Update:Forsythia suspensa.
Applications and Properties:
Clear heat and detoxifier.
Scrofula and subcutaneous nodule treatment.
Exopathogenic wind-heat affection, or the epidemic febrile diseases at the early stage treatment.
Pathogenic heat invasion of ying division, high fever, delirium, deep red and dry tongue.
Boils, carbuncles and furuncles.
Properties:Antimicrobial effect, antiparasitic effect, antiemetic effect, for retina hemorrhage, for acute kidney infection, for pus forming in lungs, acute liver infection, and psoriasis.
Dosage: 6~15 g per day. 500mgs to 200mgs daily for dry extract powder.
Safety and Toxicity:
No toxic data available.
- 1.What is Forsythia Fruit?
♥The article and literature was edited by herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional.It runs a range of online descriptions about the titled herb and related phytochemicals,including comprehensive information related,summarized updating discoveries from findings of herbalists and clinical scientists from this field.The electronic data information published at our official website _URL_ and _URL_,we tried best to update it to latest and exact as possible.
♣ last edit date:


Silvia Binet
Senior Consultant
Silvia is an expert in climate and development finance and impact strategies
Silvia Binet is a Senior Consultant with specific expertise on climate change and development in emerging markets. She has a focus on developing and evaluating mitigation and adaptation approaches of climate finance mechanisms and development finance institutions. She is based in the Netherlands.
Silvia has experience advising organisations on their impact strategies and has contributed to several complex evaluations for institutions ranging from climate and impact funds to development finance institutions and non-profit. She also helps clients quantifying their socio-economic and environmental impact and climate risks through value chain analysis and economic modelling. She has grounded knowledge of climate finance, infrastructure and the agri/food sector.
Before joining Steward Redqueen, Silvia was a trainee at the European Commission Joint Research Centre, in the Directorate for Energy, Climate and Transport. Prior to that she attended a Climate-KIC professional development program. Silvia holds a MSc and BSc in Chemistry from the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne with a specialization on energy technologies for a sustainable transition. She is fluent in English, Italian, French, Spanish and has a basic knowledge of German.
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How to Tell If You Broke Your Nose
By Alicia Bodine ; Updated July 27, 2017
A broken nose is extremely painful. You may not even know that you have a broken nose at first, because some symptoms do not emerge until three days later. Often, though, the symptoms of a broken nose are obvious. Once a broken nose is confirmed, treatment can begin. Treatment can be as simple as packing the nose and waiting for it to heal, or as complicated as having a few surgeries.
 1. Watch for swelling. If your nose is broken, it will swell up. The whole nose may be puffy, or it may just be puffy on one side. This depends on where the break is.
 2. Keep an eye out for bruising. Broken noses often leave nasty-looking bruises around your nose and under your eye.
 3. Look for blood. If you break your nose, it is highly likely you will bleed out of your nose.
 4. Touch your nose and see if it produces pain. Is it tender in that area? If so, you may have broken it.
 5. Examine the shape of your nose. Has it changed shape, or does it look crooked? This is an excellent indicator that your nose is broken.
 6. Try to breath through your nose. If breathing is difficult, you most likely have broken your nose.
 7. Get an X-ray if you have the above mentioned symptoms. This is the only way to confirm that your nose is broken. Your primary care doctor can order the X-ray, or you can visit an emergency room and have it done.
 8. Tip
 Place an ice pack or some frozen peas on your nose as soon as you think you might have broken it. This will help with the swelling until you can get help.
 Warnings
 Get examined by a doctor. If you don't, and your nose is broken so badly that you need surgery, you may have breathing problems for the rest of your life.
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What is Acetylation?
Acetylation is used to create 'Prodrugs' in traditional pharmaceuticals. Prodrugs are metabolic precursors to active drugs. Simple chemical modifications to an active drug, such as acetylation of an oxygen, can significantly reduce 1st-pass (liver) metabolism and provide increased bioavailability of the active drug. A common example of a prodrug is aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid. Salicylic acid, the active drug, is acetylated to make aspirin. In this case, the advantages are several-fold, including not only increased efficacy as an analgesic, but also decreased irritation of the stomach. In the context of cannabinoids, acetylation of THC to give 'O-acetyl THC' (aka, THC-O-acetate) has been shown to boost bio-availabilities severalfold. The subjective effect of O-acetyl THC is significantly different from THC, with users reporting less paranoia and intoxication, and more of an empathogenic or psychedelic effect than with THC. Also, THC-acetate exhibits a slow onset over 45min-1hr, with effects persisting 4-5 hours. The method used to acetylate THC is also important with regards to the safety of production and consumption. The common methods used for acetylating THC employ dangerous chemicals such as pyridine and acetic anhydride. However, over the past 6 months, a new method has been developed that replaces these chemicals with a food-safe acetylating reagent. By eliminating the use of dangerous chemicals, the safety of various cannabinoid-acetates has been dramatically improved, both for producers and for consumers. THC-O-acetate, along with several other acetylated cannabinoids, has also been found naturally in cannabis plants in small quantities, so it can be considered a 'nature identical' product (reference below).
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text:
Nov 11, 2021
Farmers in Mato Grosso Have Sold 36.7% of 2021/22 Safrinha Corn
Author: Michael Cordonnier/Soybean & Corn Advisor, Inc.
Farmers in Mato Grosso had sold 92% of their 2020/21 corn as of the end of October according to the Mato Grosso Institute of Agricultural Economics (Imea). This represents an advance of 2.8% for the month of October. The average price during October was R$ 71.88 per sack (approximately $6.05 per bushel).
For the 2021/22 safrinha corn crop that farmers will plant in January and February, they have forward contracted 36.7% of their anticipated production as of the end of October. This represents an advance of 3.9% for the month of October. The average price during October was R$ 63.28 per sack (approximately $5.35 per bushel). Farmers are encouraged by the early soybean planting which should allow for early planting of the safrinha corn as well. The ideal planting window for safrinha corn in Mato Grosso usually closes about the third week of February.
Brazil's first corn crop is approximately 75% planted compared to 68% planted last year according to AgRural. Some of the earliest planted corn in the state of Parana is pollinating and starting to fill grain. In the municipality of Maringa, the corn is 31% pollinating, Francisco Beltrao is 8%, Ponta Grossa is 5%, Guarapuava is 2%, and Cascavel is 1%. The corn in Parana is rated 4% average and 96% good.


text:
What do you think?There's an equivocation on 4. 'music'. You want it to mean music as such, and also this particular piece of music which is a percussion piece.
Sorry for the confusion. My latest example was not meant to be merged with the previous examples. It was meant to stand alone. What I mean is, #4 'music' can simply be thought of as 'that which the composer wrote'. #1 is now 'percussion' or 'percussion section' (rhythm section), not percussion piece. So, just as anything found in the Bible is "of the Bible" or 'Biblical', anything found in the music is "of the music" or 'musical'. In this case, the composer included percussion in the piece s/he composed, and even if the percussion section consisted of pots and pans being hit with sticks, they are a part of this music and must be considered 'musical'. So the author (me) is not being equivocal, but instead just states how the percussion (even if the composer wrote for pots and pans in the parts) is musical even though the composer didn't write a melodic line for the percussion, in the same way the original author's point was that the doctrine was Biblical, even if the author(s) of the Bible didn't write the formula in a single statement.
The 4. 'Bible' must be the ultimate determiner of what is 2. 'Biblical doctrine'.
However, 4. 'this piece of music' cannot be the ultimate determiner of what is 2. 'musical'.
The #4 'Bible' is the determiner of what is 'Biblical'. Are you sure that #4 'Music' cannot be the determiner of what is 'musical'? I would think even dynamic markings, tempo markings, and even articulations which the composer indicated in the music, can be considered as being "of the music" and therefore, musical.
I don't think you'll ever write a strictly parallel analogy, because the concepts involved in the original are different and possibly unique.
Student or Learner


text:
Sitting Comfortably? Exploring Asian Aspirations and Professional Identity
The dental profession has recently undergone a number of radical changes, most notably with the introduction of the dental contract, which debuted in April 2006. Such a dynamic shift has been met with mixed responses and questions are currently being raised surrounding the professional and personal values of newly qualified dentists (The Patients' Association, 2008).
In turn, concerns are raised about levels of preparedness within higher education. As a community of educators, it is important for us to realise the ambitions of those we train to be professionals as we are somewhat responsible for instilling a sense of proficiency within them (Macfarlane, 2004). According to the higher education statistics agency, (HESA, 2006/07), predominantly large numbers of those studying to become dentists are of South Asian heritage and female. It is suggested that culture, in its broadest sense, has a significant impact upon their notion of professional identity.
Preliminary research is presented in this paper which highlights the aspirations of a sample group of dental students, from the South Asian community with respect to their profession. Initial findings reflect the discussions introduced by Bordieu (1984) on cultural capital and moreover its prevalent influence in terms of making professional choices.
Keywords: British-Asian Students, Professional Values, Cultural Identity, Higher Education
Dr. Deesha Chadha
Lecturer in Higher Education, King's Learning Institute, King's College London


0
The function I am trying to write is supposed to be recursive and does the following:
Return the number of ways that all n2 elements of a2 appear in the n1 element array a1 in the same order (though not necessarily consecutively). The empty sequence appears in a sequence of length n1 in 1 way, even if n1 is 0.
For example, if a1 is the 7 element array
"Bart" "Lisa" "Maggie" "Marge" "Lisa" "Maggie" "Homer"
then for this value of a2 the function must return
"Bart" "Marge" "Maggie" 1
"Bart" "Maggie" "Homer" 2
"Marge" "Bart" "Maggie" 0
"Lisa" "Maggie" "Homer" 3
So far, I have written this much:
int countIncludes(const string a1[], int n1, const string a2[], int n2)
{
 if (n2 == 0)
 return 1;
 if (n1 == 0)
 return 0;
 else
 {
 if (a1[0] == a2[0])
 return countIncludes(a1+1, n1-1, a2+1, n2-1);
 else
 return countIncludes(a1+1, n1-1, a2, n2);
 }
}
But it is incomplete and I know it does not work properly. I need help figuring out how to do this problem--just a method about how to go about this would be extremely helpful.
Thank you so much in advance!
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Last Post by hannaxbear
-1
lololol are you in carey's class or are you in david's?
Hahaha I'm in David's. Got desperate considering how late it is. Anyway, I figured it out! So nevermind.
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Image Motion
The Information from Image
Motion
3D motion between observer and scene + structure of the
scene
Wallach OConnell (1953): Kinetic depth effect
_URL_
HTML
Motion parallax: two static points close by in the image with
different image motion; the larger translational motion
corresponds to the point closer by (smaller depth)
Recognition
Johansson (1975): Light bulbs on joints
_URL_
.html
Examples of Motion Fields I
(a) Motion field of a pilot looking straight ahead while approaching a fixed
point on a landing strip. (b) Pilot is looking to the right in level flight.
(a) (b)
Examples of Motion Fields II
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(a) Translation perpendicular to a surface. (b) Rotation about axis
perpendicular to image plane. (c) Translation parallel to a surface at a
constant distance. (d) Translation parallel to an obstacle in front of a more
distant background.
Optical flow
Assuming that illumination does not change:
Image changes are due to the RELATIVE
MOTION between the scene and the camera.
There are 3 possibilities:
Camera still, moving scene
Moving camera, still scene
Moving camera, moving scene
Motion Analysis Problems
Correspondence Problem
Track corresponding elements across frames
Reconstruction Problem
Given a number of corresponding elements, and camera
parameters, what can we say about the 3D motion and
structure of the observed scene?
Segmentation Problem
What are the regions of the image plane which
correspond to different moving objects?
Motion Field (MF)
The MF assigns a velocity vector to each
pixel in the image.
These velocities are INDUCED by the
RELATIVE MOTION btw the camera and the
3D scene
The MF can be thought as the projection of
the 3D velocities on the image plane.
Motion Field and Optical Flow Field
Motion field: projection of 3D motion vectors on image plane
Optical flow field: apparent motion of brightness patterns
We equate motion field with optical flow field
0 0
0
0
1
0
0
0 0
by to related
image in induces , velocity has point Object
z r
r r
r r
r
v
r
v
v v
=
= =
f
dt
d
dt
d
P
i
i
i
i
2 Cases Where this Assumption
Clearly is not Valid
(a) (b)
(a) A smooth sphere is rotating
under constant illumination.
Thus the optical flow field
is zero, but the motion field
is not.
(b) A fixed sphere is
illuminated by a moving
sourcethe shading of the
image changes. Thus the
motion field is zero, but the
optical flow field is not.
What is Meant by Apparent
Motion of Brightness Pattern?
The apparent motion of brightness patterns is an awkward concept. It is not
easy to decide which point P' on a contour C' of constant brightness in the
second image corresponds to a particular point P on the corresponding
contour C in the first image.
The aperture problem
Aperture Problem
(a) Line feature observed through a small aperture at time t.
(b) At time t+ot the feature has moved to a new position. It is not possible
to determine exactly where each point has moved. From local image
measurements only the flow component perpendicular to the line
feature can be computed.
Normal flow: Component of flow perpendicular to line feature.
(a) (b)
Brightness Constancy Equation
Let P be a moving point in 3D:
At time t, P has coords (X(t),Y(t),Z(t))
Let p=(x(t),y(t)) be the coords. of its image at
time t.
Let E(x(t),y(t),t) be the brightness at p at time t.
Brightness Constancy Assumption:
As P moves over time, E(x(t),y(t),t) remains
constant.
Brightness Constraint Equation
( ) ( ) ( ) flow. optical of components the , , , and irradiance the be , , Let y x v y x u t y x E
( ) ( )
expansion Taylor
, , , , t y x E t t t v y t u x E = + + + o o o
( ) ( )
0 limit taking and by dividing
, , , ,
= +
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
t t
t y x E e
t
E
t
y
E
y
x
E
x t y x E
o o
o o o
0
derivative total the of expansion the is which
0
=
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
dt
dE
t
E
dt
dy
y
E
dt
dx
x
E
short: 0 = + +
t y x
E v E u E
Brightness Constancy Equation
Taking derivative wrt time:
Brightness Constancy Equation
Let
(Frame spatial gradient)
(optical flow)
and
(derivative across frames)
Brightness Constancy Equation
Becomes:
v
x
v
y
r E
The OF is CONSTRAINED to be on a line !
-E
t
/|r E|
Interpretation
Values of (u, v) satisfying
the constraint equation lie
on a straight line in velocity
space. A local measurement
only provides this constraint
line (aperture problem).
( ) ( )
( )
( )
T
y x
T
y x
t y x
n
E E
E E
E v u E E
,
Let
, ,
flow Normal
=
=
n
u
( )
T
y x
t y
y x
t x
n
E E
E E
E E
E E
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
= =
2 2 2
, n n u u
Optical flow equation
Barber Pole illusion
_URL_
Solving the aperture problem
How to get more equations for a pixel?
Basic idea: impose additional constraints
most common is to assume that the flow field is smooth locally
one method: pretend the pixels neighbors have the same (u,v)
If we use a 5x5 window, that gives us 25 equations per pixel!
Constant flow
Prob: we have more equations than unknowns
The summations are over all pixels in the K x K
window
Solution: solve least squares problem
minimum least squares solution given by solution (in
d) of:
Taking a closer look at (A
T
A)
This is the same matrix we used for corner detection!
Taking a closer look at (A
T
A)
The matrix for corner detection:
is singular (not invertible) when det(A
T
A) = 0
One e.v. = 0 -> no corner, just an edge
Two e.v. = 0 -> no corner, homogeneous region
Aperture
Problem !
But det(A
T
A) = [
i
= 0 -> one or both e.v. are 0
Edge
large gradients, all the same
large
1
, small
2
Low texture region
gradients have small magnitude
small
1
, small
2
High textured region
gradients are different, large magnitudes
large
1
, large
2
An improvement
NOTE:
The assumption of constant OF is more likely
to be wrong as we move away from the point of
interest (the center point of Q)
Use weights to control
the influence of the
points: the farther
from p, the less weight
Solving for v with weights:
Let W be a diagonal matrix with weights
Multiply both sides of Av = b by W:
W A v = W b
Multiply both sides of WAv = Wb by (WA)
T
:
A
T
WWA v = A
T
WWb
A
T
W
2
A is square (2x2):
(A
T
W
2
A)
-1
exists if det(A
T
W
2
A) = 0
Assuming that (A
T
W
2
A)
-1
does exists:
(A
T
W
2
A)
-1
(A
T
W
2
A) v = (A
T
W
2
A)
-1
A
T
W
2
b
v = (A
T
W
2
A)
-1
A
T
W
2
b
Observation
This is a two image problem BUT
Can measure sensitivity by just looking at one of the
images!
This tells us which pixels are easy to track, which are
hard
very useful later on when we do feature tracking...
Revisiting the small motion assumption
Is this motion small enough?
Probably notits much larger than one pixel (2
nd
order
terms dominate)
How might we solve this problem?
Iterative Refinement
Iterative Lukas-Kanade Algorithm
1. Estimate velocity at each pixel by solving Lucas-Kanade
equations
2. Warp H towards I using the estimated flow field
- use image warping techniques
3. Repeat until convergence
Reduce the resolution!
image I image H
Gaussian pyramid of image H Gaussian pyramid of image I
image I image H
u=10 pixels
u=5 pixels
u=2.5 pixels
u=1.25 pixels
Coarse-to-fine optical flow
estimation
image I image J
Gaussian pyramid of image H Gaussian pyramid of image I
image I image H
Coarse-to-fine optical flow
estimation
run iterative L-K
run iterative L-K
warp & upsample
.
.
.
Optical flow result
Additional Constraints
Additional constraints are necessary to estimate optical flow, for
example, constraints on size of derivatives, or parametric models of the
velocity field.
Horn and Schunck (1981): global smoothness term
This approach is called regularization.
Solve by means of calculus of variation.
( ) ( ) smoothness from departure :
2 2 2 2
dy dx v v u u e
y x
D
y x s
+ + + =
}}
( ) equation constraint flow optical in error :
2
}}
+ + =
D
t y x c
dy dx E v E u E e
( )
( ) ( ) min
of gradient the denote , Let
2
2
2
2
2
V + V + + V
= V
}}
dy dx v u E E
A A A A
t
T
y x
u
Discrete implementation leads to
iterative


OBSERVATION OF MULTIPLE DISCRETE ENERGY-LOSSES IN AR+ SCATTERING FROM A CU(111) SURFACE
Autor(en): RECHTIEN, JH
MIX, W
SNOWDON, KJ
Stichwörter: Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; IONS; METAL-SURFACES; Physics; Physics, Condensed Matter; SKIPPING MOTION; TRANSIENT ADSORPTION
Erscheinungsdatum: 1991
Herausgeber: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
Journal: SURFACE SCIENCE
Volumen: 248
Ausgabe: 1-2
Startseite: 27
Seitenende: 34
Zusammenfassung:
We have measured the energy spectrum of neutral Ar atoms scattered through 5-degrees from a Cu(111) surface for an incident Ar+ beam of energy 3 keV and an incident angle to the surface plane of 3-degrees. A regularly spaced series of at least eleven energy loss peaks are observed in the scattering spectrum. We propose that a portion of the beam may be transiently adsorbed into an excited bound state of the Ar/Cu(111) system, in which it undergoes so-called skipping motion.
ISSN: 00396028
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(91)90058-Z
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Negative ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study of ammonium-counter ion clusters
TitleNegative ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study of ammonium-counter ion clusters
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2007
AuthorsLentz NB, Houk RS
Journal TitleJournal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Volume18
Pages285-293
Date PublishedFeb
Type of ArticleArticle
ISBN Number1044-0305
Accession NumberISI:000244109300015
KeywordsANIONS, CHLORIDE, FUNDAMENTALS, SALT CLUSTERS
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to examine clusters of protonated amine salt solutions with chloride counter ions in the negative ion mode. These ions have the general formula [(RNH3)(x)Clx+1](-). Primary amines generate a wide cluster distribution with clusters up to 14 mer for methylamine hydrochloride clusters. Secondary and quaternary amines only generate the monomer ion under identical conditions. Collision induced dissociation (CID) of the cluster ions generates cluster ions of lower m/z with the next lower cluster being the most abundant. The product ions from MeNH3Cl2-, Me2NH2Cl2- and (MeNH3)(2)Cl-3(-) have low threshold appearance energies of 1.24 to 2.22 eV center-of-mass frame. Secondary amine monomer ions have lower threshold CID energies than primary amine monomer ions. The amine threshold CID energy decreases as the carbon chain length increases. As an electrospray solvent, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) promotes the formation of counter ions and clustering.
DOI10.1016/j.jasms.2006.09.028
Alternate JournalJ. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.


Info
This question is closed. Reopen it to edit or answer.
Matrix dimension error while trying to eliminate an element in cell array
1 view (last 30 days)
Hari
Hari on 26 Oct 2016
Closed: Hari on 27 Oct 2016
I have written a function loop3 which calls a function kshortestpath (By Meral Sh.). kshortestpath finds k paths (as cell array) between a given source and destination(with first one among them being the shortest path), and the corresponding costs. loop3 is included to iterate the function with only certain 'sources' called terminals and finally list all the paths found. I need to eliminate those paths which have costs more than 1.25 times the shortest path (between a source and destination)
function [v,w ,a,b s,t] = loop3(N)%N represents the total number of nodes in the network
v = [];
w=[];
NT = input('Enter the number of terminals');% to set the number of origins
kpaths = input('Enter the value of k');% number of shortest paths required
for terminal = 1:NT
sub= input('Enter the terminal number');
for x = sub
for y = 1:N
source = x;
destination = y;
if(source~=destination)
[a,b] = kShortestPath(netCostMatrix, source, destination,kpaths);
for i = 2:kpaths
if b(1,i) > (1.25 * b(1,1))
a{1, i }=[];
end
end
s = a';
t = b';
v = vertcat(v,s);
w = vertcat(w,t);
a=[];
b=[];
end
end
end
end
function [shortestPaths, totalCosts] = kShortestPath(netCostMatrix, source, destination, k_paths)
.............. % the code for kShortestPAth comes here......
When I run the code it shows an error:
Index exceeds matrix dimensions.
Error in loop3 (line 16)
if b(1,i) > (1.25 * b(1,1))
Can somebody help me find what is wrong with this code
 2 Comments
Hari
Hari on 26 Oct 2016
Thanks. You are right. Error is displayed when b becomes a null matrix at a particular point in the iteration. Is there a way to improve the code and fix this?
Answers (0)
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Exploring Your Relationship With Alcohol: The Sober Curious Movement
Exploring Your Relationship With Alcohol: The Sober Curious Movement
In light of Alcohol Awareness Month, it's important to highlight a growing movement - becoming sober-curious. See what it is and if it might be right for you in your wellness journey.
If you're not aware, April is Alcohol Awareness Month. Rather than focus on my own issues with alcohol, as I've done in many posts before this, I wanted to take time to examine the sober curious movement — something that isn't entirely new, but has gained popularity in recent months due to several news publications and the aptly titled book "Sober Curious: The Blissful Sleep, Greater Focus, Limitless Presence, and Deep Connection Awaiting Us All on the Other Side of Alcohol."
In her book, Ruby Warrington defines sober-curious as
To choose to question, or get curious about every impulse, invitation and expectation to drink versus mindlessly going along with the dominant drinking culture.
What this means is that rather than jump in head-first to the prevalence and assumption of drinking at events, parties, dates, hanging out, etc., taking the time to step back and ask yourself "why" can actually be extremely enlightening in your own wellness journey.
With the increase of people taking the time to focus on their own well-being and health in general, becoming sober-curious has increased as well.
Changing aspects of your life for the better, such as increasing exercise and improving the foods you eat seems to clash with what commonly went unquestioned: blackouts, hangovers, and excessive social drinking. People are realizing that the trade-off for alcohol consumption may not be worth it in the long run and are taking a step back to reassess their relationship with the drink.
Sober-curious differentiates itself from being completely sober in that there's still the option to drink. Obviously, if someone considers themselves an alcoholic or has a dependence on alcohol, this choice is not appropriate.
While I'm not completely on board with the nomenclature, the movement itself is, for me, a step in the right direction. The term "sober-curious" carries the implication that "not sober" is the default way to live and that we are only now becoming aware of another, alcohol-free way. Had you asked me about it nine years ago when I was still drinking, I would have laughed at the prospect, but today it's something that I've often pondered as I listen to stories of hangovers and embarrassments from those that I know.
Why do you drink?
Before recovery (and putting the self-medicating aside), I would have told you that the real question is "why wouldn't you drink?" It's fun, it's emboldening, and it's just assumed that that's what you do.
It wasn't until I stopped drinking (sober, not sober-curious for this mess of an alcoholic), that I began looking around and realizing that the reason many people around me drank didn't really have anything to do with those reasons above. I realized that people were stressed. People were sad. People would rather escape for a few hours than sit with those feelings. Drinking was often a crutch for people and events like weddings and birthdays were socially acceptable places to escape in excess.
This is clearly not true of every person who drinks, but I fear that for a great majority, it is. As adults living in an alcohol-fueled culture, why else would we decide to put ourselves through debilitating hangovers, unnecessary cost spend, and risk social embarrassment time and time again? It is far easier to ignore problems than it is to face and work through them. I can attest to this and sometimes it's the easier way that wins.
Is the sober curious movement for you?
The beautiful thing about being sober-curious is just that — a curiosity. That means you are free to test things out at your own will and for as long or short as you like. It's far less daunting than completely abstaining from alcohol, especially when that abstinence carries a counter with it.
All it requires is that you pause before making the decision to drink. If you're out with friends, maybe start by drinking something non-alcoholic as you assess whether you feel like alcohol will actually add to the occasion. It doesn't mean that you have to never see your friends again or never go out for the night, it simply means that you're in control of your choice to drink or not.
The moment I realized that I didn't HAVE to drink was life-changing. It seems like an obvious understanding, but I needed to be told that drinking was actually an option rather than an obligation for me to realize that I had a choice.
You make the rules.
Ask yourself if the trade-off between drinking and how you feel the next day is worth it. If it is, go for it.
Decide on a time frame to abstain from drinking so that you can assess your relationship with it. That may be a week, a month, or more. As long as you don't have a clinical problem with alcohol, you can take what you've learned and decide how you want to proceed in terms of drinking.
The sober curious movement is not only eye-opening, but it's empowering. YOU take control of your health and wellness. YOU make the decision not to fall back on drinking to escape. YOU decide how you want your life to operate and what does and doesn't fit.
Sometimes all it takes is a little reminder that you are in control of yourself, your thoughts, and your actions. Remember — you don't have to drink. Or you can. It's up to you.
What are your thoughts on the sober curious movement?
5 comments on "Exploring Your Relationship With Alcohol: The Sober Curious Movement
 1. Something that seems so obvious but so enlightening to hear. It's interesting how the assumption is so often "why wouldn't you drink?" I like the idea of starting with a non-alcoholic drink and assessing my choice from there. Thanks for sharing!
 2. Great post Erin!! I know too many people who constantly say they NEED a drink because they had a bad day or work is stressful. That actually has turned me off from alcohol and the fact that even drinks I have tried with a single sip I don't like how the alcohol feels in my throat or even the feeling of being tipsy. I wish more people would take the time to think about why they drink. Your post described perfectly what I try to explain to my fiancé also I am going to have him read it too. I also want people to understand they don't need to have a drink to have fun. I can think of many other activities to do to have fun.
 3. People tend to have a lot of different reasons for drinking. Some want to just knock themselves out after a bad day while surprisingly some do it to celebrate a great accomplishment. Nevertheless, everyone should be aware and educated about the benefits and dangers of alcohol. Thanks so much for this wonderful piece.
 4. Anything that leads to a person becoming more self-aware & mindful about their relationship with substances is positive, but for people who are alcoholics/addicts, I just worry that a movement like this gives them one more reason to not accept that 1 drink it's too many and 1000 isn't enough for them. However, the world is full of more people who aren't alcoholics/addicts then are, so overall it seems like a good idea to me. People who aren't alcoholics/addicts could actually do this, where people who are alcoholics/addicts, just can't, no matter what.
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Arduino SD Card Web Server – Linking Pages
Created on: 2 March 2013
Part 10 of the Arduino Ethernet Shield Web Server Tutorial
This part of the Arduino Ethernet shield web server tutorial shows how to create links between web pages that are hosted on the micro SD card of the Arduino web server.
These are links on a hosted web page that can be clicked in order to go to or open a different web page.
Creating Links in HTML
Links are created in HTML by using the HTML  tag. Text between the opening  tag and closing  tag becomes a clickable link on the web page.
The value of the href attribute of the  tag must contain the file name of the web page that is linked to, e.g.:

Go to page 2.

The above line of HTML will create a paragraph of text with the page 2 part of the paragraph becoming a link to a file called page2.htm.
The file page2.htm must exist and also be in the same directory as the page that contains the link to it.
Example HTML Files
Two HTML files will be used as examples in this part of the tutorial. They must be saved to the micro SD card and the micro SD card must be plugged into the Ethernet shield.
The main page that will be loaded first from the server is made from the following HTML code (file name is index.htm):
<!DOCTYPE html>

 <title>Arduino SD Card Web Page</title>

Arduino SD Card Page with Link

Go to page 2.

The above page links to a second page called page2.htm:
<!DOCTYPE html>

 <title>Arduino SD Card Web Page 2</title>

Arduino SD Card Page 2

Go back to main page.

page2.htm links back to the main page index.htm.
Create the above two files (index.htm and page2.htm) and copy them to your micro SD card. Insert the micro SD card into the Ethernet shield micro SD card holder.
These pages can be tested on a computer (with the two files in the same folder on the hard-drive) by opening index.htm in a browser and clicking the link. page2.htm should open when the link is clicked. Clicking the link on page2.htm should send the browser back to index.htm.
This video shows how to copy the web page files to the SD card and then shows the Arduino hosting the pages. The sketch is described below in this part of the tutorial.
Can't see the video? View on YouTube →
HTTP Page Requests
When a web browser first requests a page from the Arduino web server, it sends an HTTP request similar to this:
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.20
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:19.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/19.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-ZA,en-GB;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
We have already seen this HTTP request in previous parts of this tutorial.
When the link on the page is clicked (the link on the index.htm page to the page2.htm page in our example), the web browser sends the following HTTP request:
GET /page2.htm HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.20
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:19.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/19.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-ZA,en-GB;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://10.0.0.20/
Connection: keep-alive
So the initial HTTP request contains a GET request for the root file: GET / (this would be our index.htm file).
When the link is clicked, the request is now for a specific page: GET /page2.htm – now we know that we must check the HTTP request to see whether it is requesting the root file or a specific file that was linked to. This check will be done in the Arduino sketch.
Arduino Sketch for Linked Web Pages on Web Server
The sketch below is a modified version of the first SD card web server from part 4 of this series.
The eth_websrv_SD_link Arduino sketch:
/*--------------------------------------------------------------
 Program: eth_websrv_SD_link
 Description: Arduino web server that serves up a basic web
 page that links to a second page. Clicking the
 link will open the second page. The second page
 links back to the first page.

 Hardware: Arduino Uno and official Arduino Ethernet
 shield. Should work with other Arduinos and
 compatible Ethernet shields.
 2Gb micro SD card formatted FAT16

 Software: Developed using Arduino 1.0.5 software
 Should be compatible with Arduino 1.0 +

 Requires index.htm and page2.htm to be on the
 micro SD card in the Ethernet shield micro
 SD card socket.

 References: - WebServer example by David A. Mellis and
 modified by Tom Igoe
 - SD card examples by David A. Mellis and
 Tom Igoe
 - Ethernet library documentation:
 _URL_
 - SD Card library documentation:
 _URL_
 Date: 2 March 2013
 Modified: 14 June 2013
 - removed use of String class, used too much SRAM
 - added StrClear() and StrContains() functions
 - disable Ethernet chip at startup

 Author: W.A. Smith, _URL_
--------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Ethernet.h>
#include <SD.h>
// size of buffer used to capture HTTP requests
#define REQ_BUF_SZ 20
// MAC address from Ethernet shield sticker under board
byte mac[] = { 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED };
IPAddress ip(192, 168, 0, 20); // IP address, may need to change depending on network
EthernetServer server(80); // create a server at port 80
File webFile; // handle to files on SD card
char HTTP_req[REQ_BUF_SZ] = {0}; // buffered HTTP request stored as null terminated string
char req_index = 0; // index into HTTP_req buffer
void setup()
{
 // disable Ethernet chip
 pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
 digitalWrite(10, HIGH);

 Serial.begin(9600); // for debugging

 // initialize SD card
 Serial.println("Initializing SD card...");
 if (!SD.begin(4)) {
 Serial.println("ERROR - SD card initialization failed!");
 return; // init failed
 }
 Serial.println("SUCCESS - SD card initialized.");
 // check for index.htm file
 if (!SD.exists("index.htm")) {
 Serial.println("ERROR - Can't find index.htm file!");
 return; // can't find index file
 }
 Serial.println("SUCCESS - Found index.htm file.");
 Ethernet.begin(mac, ip); // initialize Ethernet device
 server.begin(); // start to listen for clients
}
void loop


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In ancient Rome, virtus was originally the quality of "manliness," from vir, "man." It often means "valor," but as the quality that made a man fulfill his potential as a man, it came to mean something more closely akin to "character, personal integrity," and hence "virtue," which women could also possess. Virtus was personified as a deity, though not always of the same gender. In the Roman Republic, Virtus often received sacrifices in the company of Honos, Honor, and the pair were also cultivated as deities jointly at temples. Virtus continued to be regarded as a deity in the Imperial era, and was one of the qualities or virtues associated with the cult of the emperors.
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text:
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Rove Pest Control: Brooklyn Park, MN Fruit Flies Pest
If you have a craving for fresh apple pie, take a trip to Eidem Homestead historic farm in Brooklyn Park. Nothing is quite as tasty as fresh fruit. However, when you bring fresh fruit home, especially in the summer, you may have also brought in an invader. Look around your apples or bananas, you might notice a red-eyed fly about the size of a pin head. Congratulations, you have fruit flies.
Fruit flies love sugar and organic material; however fruit isn't the only thing they like. They're attracted to vegetables, meat, even beer. Adults last about 30 days; then the female flies will find suitable food to lay eggs and start the entire process all over again. Fruit flies are rapid reproducers. It won't take long for your house to be full of miniature flyers.
Get rid of the Problem
- When you bring fresh fruit or vegetables home, put them in the refrigerator. Cold temperatures will kill existing eggs and larva.
- Dispose of overripe fruit. Rot is a breeding ground for fruit flies.
- Take out the trash. Decaying organic material, beer, meat, and soda in your garage attracts fruit flies.
- Clean out your drains and disposal. You have to get rid of the rotting organic slime layer in your drains; otherwise, you'll still have a fruit fly hatchery.
- Traps and sprays: there are a variety of traps and chemicals available, but remember, killing adults will only help reduce the population, you will still have to get rid of the nesting area to fully treat the problem.
Rove Pest Control is in Brooklyn Park
Though fruit fly problems are difficult to control, if you have enough dedication it can be done. You don't have to get rid of all your fruits and vegetables either. If you feel like you need assistance or professional advice, give Rove Pest Control a call. We're in Brooklyn Park and we're ready to handle any infestation. Our technicians are certified and experienced. Let us take care of your pest problems, so you can get back to eating that apple pie . . . alone.


text: The fishes of genus Melamphaës were studied in detail by NORMAN (1929) and PARR (1931, 1933). PARR added four species to the fourteen species reported by NORMAN. There are known Melamphaës cristiseps, M. luguburis, M. nigrofulvous, M. mizolepis and M. biopinosus etc. out of eighteen known species from the North Pacific (mainly off the coast of California, U.S.A). But these species seem not to have been recorded from Japanese waters. Recently I have examined the specimens of deep-water fishes gathered by our office's resarch boat, No.1 Asahi-maru (56 ton), and chartered boat, No.10 Shinkai-maru (51.6 ton) during investigation of deep-water fishing grounds (_PHONE_ meters depth) in bottom trawl without otter boards in Tôhoku and adjacent region during July-October, 1951, and made sure the occurrence in Japanese waters of one species M. cristiceps GILBERT (new Japanese name Kabuto-uo) of this genus. Four specimens were collected and they were each almost of the same body length, from 96.5mm to 98.5mm in length without caudal fin. Collected date, location and depth are as follows. 1. (96.5mm) 27 July 1951, off Kesennuma, Miyagi Pref., trawl fishing ground 234. Depth 850m. 2-3. (98.5, 97.5mm) 4 Aug. 1951, off Kuji, Iwate Pref., trawl fishing ground 198. Depth 600m. 4. (97. 5mm) 24 July 1951, off Kinkazan Miyagi Pref., trawl fishing ground 259. Depth 600m. Bad condition. Body proportions of these specimens were somewhat beyond upper or lower limit of NORMAN'S description, but well agree with GAMAN'S and PARR'S description.


text:
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The graph indicates the countries associated with organizations whose authors have published works on the topic, and indicates the most cited countries (arrowheads) as well as the countries they are most frequently cited from.


text: 摘要：Macrorealism, as defined by Leggett and Garg, posits that a macroscopic system always exists in a well-defined state and that it can be measured without disturbing it. From these assumptions follow a set of inequalities, the Leggett-Garg inequalities, which hold under macrorealism but can be violated by quantum mechanics. The degree to which quantum systems can violate these inequalities is bounded and, in particular, if the measurements on the system are genuinely dichotomic, the bound for these temporal inequalities is the same as the Tsirelson bound of the corresponding spatial Bell inequality. We realise a photonic Leggett-Garg test on a three-level system and implement measurements that admit three distinct measurement outcomes, rather than the usual two. In this way we obtain violations of a Leggett-Garg inequality significantly in excess of the Tsirelson bound. This underlines the difference between Bell and Leggett-Garg inequalities and hence spatial and temporal correlations in quantum mechanics. We also report violations of a second consequence of macrorealism, the quantum-witness equality, up to the maximum permitted for a three-outcome measurement.


text:
The chimps at Whipsnade Zoo in Bedfordshire got a Christmas treat this morning, waking up to wrapped presents of dried fruit and nuts in their enclosure. The group of six took just minutes to empty the stockings, and tear open the boxes of food.
The zoo says the presents are more than a bit of fun, and are part of a range of important enrichment activities which the chimps do from day to day.
– Jane Storr, Senior Keeper
"The group are very inquisitive, so giving them gifts like stuffed stockings and presents are a fantastic way of keeping them stimulated and encouraging their natural foraging behaviours."
Foraging is an essential skill for chimps to learn, requiring a combination of intelligence and dexterity. Recent research at the University of Portsmouth found that in the wild the animals pay great attention to what they eat and how, learning how to prepare their food from one another like a human family might do.
The breakfast of dried fruits, nuts and seeds that the chimps had today is a change from their usual morning meals of raw and cooked vegetables. On a regular day they have five or six smaller feeds, which include very small quantities of fruit and nuts.
Click below to watch a video of the chimps: