text:
|The Billy and Charley
|DURING THE MIDDLE of the 19th century the London
archaeological community was disrupted by a controversy over the
authenticity of a large number of supposedly medieval leaden
objects that appeared for sale. They eventually proved to be
forgeries and have since been called "Billys and Charleys" after
William Smith (Billy) and Charles Eaton (Charley), the eponymous forgers, are shadowy figures. It is even uncertain if Billy's name really was William Smith. But some biographical information can be found in writings on their forgeries.
Charley was born in about 1834; Billy was probably born a few years earlier. Most of their life was spent in the neighbourhood of Rosemary Lane (now called Royal Mint Street) in Tower Hamlets. They were mudlarks who searched the Thames for items of value. William Edwards, a London antique dealer, made Billy's acquaintance around about 1845, and he met Charley some years later. He paid them for items of interest that they found, thinking of them as "his boys"1.
Billy and Charley earned money from this until 1857, when they decided to counterfeit antiquities. They cast objects from lead (or lead alloys such as pewter), cutting dies into plaster of Paris moulds with nails and knives, and bathing the finished items in acid to simulate aging. Their commonest products were medallions, of between two and four inches in diameter, with small loops attached to form hangers (Fig. 1). Because of the primitive casting technique, they were generally thin, with poorly defined edges and pitted. uneven surfaces. Other products included daggers, statuettes, ampullae (Fig. 2) and even small shrines (Fig. 3).
The figures most frequently depicted on these forgeries were knights in body-hugging armour (Fig. 4), kings wearing strange spiked crowns and priests in wide, loosely hanging robes, all with childish expressionless faces.
Billy and Charley were illiterate, and the inscriptions on their forgeries consisted of meaningless jumbles of letters and symbols, while dates in arabic numerals ascribed manufacture to the years between the 11th and 16th centuries, although Arabic
|numerals did not come into use in Europe before the 15th
Billy and Charley claimed to have found their creations at Shadwell, where a new dock was being built, and they found a ready market. The materials needed to make a medallion cost twopence, but one could be sold for half a crown, and larger items could sell for considerably more2.
William Edwards became one of their principal customers, describing the objects as "The most interesting relics I have met with for years and the earliest pilgrims' signs that have yet been found"3. He showed them to George Eastwood. an antique dealer in the City Road, who bought large quantities, advertising them as "A remarkably curious and unique collection of leaden signs or badges of the time of Richard Il"4.
Fig. 1: a lead medallion by Billy and Charley (photo: Chris Mycock)


text:
Why Don't Limes Have Seeds
Modified: January 9, 2024
Discover the secret behind why limes don't have seeds and learn how to grow them in your garden.
(Many of the links in this article redirect to a specific reviewed product. Your purchase of these products through affiliate links helps to generate commission for Storables.com, at no extra cost. Learn more)
When we think of limes, we often associate them with their zesty flavor and their important role in culinary creations and refreshing beverages. However, have you ever wondered why some limes don't have seeds? It may seem like a mystery, but there is a fascinating scientific explanation behind this phenomenon.
The evolution of seedless limes is an interesting development in the plant world. While most fruits and vegetables reproduce through seeds, there are certain genetic mutations that have led to the development of seedless varieties. These seedless limes offer unique benefits and have become increasingly popular in both commercial and domestic use.
In this article, we will delve into the biological reasons for seedlessness, explore how seedless limes are produced, discuss different seedless lime varieties, highlight the health benefits they offer, and explore their various culinary uses.
So, grab a glass of lime-infused water or a refreshing limeade, and let's discover the intriguing world of seedless limes!
Read more: Why Do Fruits Have Seeds
Evolution of Seedless Limes
The evolution of seedless limes can be attributed to a combination of natural and human interventions. In the wild, most fruits and vegetables produce seeds as a means of reproduction. However, certain genetic mutations and natural selection have resulted in the development of seedless varieties, including limes.
These mutations typically occur spontaneously and are the result of changes in the plant's genetic makeup. Over time, these mutations can become more prevalent and establish themselves as a distinct variety. In the case of seedless limes, the absence of seeds is a desirable trait that has been perpetuated through generations.
Human intervention has also played a significant role in the evolution of seedless limes. Through selective breeding and cross-pollination techniques, plant breeders have been able to cultivate seedless lime varieties that exhibit the desired characteristics.
By selectively propagating trees that produce seedless limes, breeders have been able to establish and cultivate these varieties on a larger scale. This has led to the availability of seedless limes in the market and their widespread popularity among consumers.
Overall, the evolution of seedless limes is a fascinating example of how both natural and human factors can shape the development of new plant varieties. Through genetic mutations and selective breeding, seedless limes have emerged as a distinct and sought-after type of lime. Their seedlessness not only enhances convenience but also offers unique benefits in terms of taste and versatility in culinary applications.
Biological Reasons for Seedlessness
The absence of seeds in seedless limes is not a coincidence but rather the result of specific biological mechanisms. There are several reasons why certain lime varieties develop without seeds:
1. Parthenocarpy: Parthenocarpy is a biological phenomenon where fruit develops without the process of fertilization. In seedless limes, parthenocarpy allows the fruit to develop without the need for pollination and the subsequent formation of seeds. This can occur naturally through genetic mutations or can be induced through human intervention.
2. Seed Abortion: In some instances, seedless limes may actually start with seeds. However, during the fruit's development, hormonal changes can occur, leading to the abortion or elimination of the seeds. This results in a seedless fruit that still possesses the characteristic flavors and properties of limes.
3. Triploidy: Triploidy refers to a condition where the cells of an organism contain three sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two. This abnormality can arise spontaneously or as a result of human intervention. Triploid limes, which have three sets of chromosomes, often produce seedless fruits. The extra set of chromosomes disrupts the normal development of seeds, resulting in seedlessness.
Seedlessness in limes offers several benefits. The absence of seeds means that the fruit can be easily consumed without the need for seed removal, saving time and effort. Additionally, seedless limes have a more consistent and smooth texture, making them ideal for use in various culinary applications.
Overall, the biological reasons for seedlessness in limes are fascinating. Through natural genetic mutations or induced mechanisms, seedless limes have emerged as a convenient and desirable variety, offering all the flavors and qualities that make limes a beloved fruit.
Commercial Significance of Seedless Limes
Seedless limes have gained significant commercial significance in the agricultural and culinary industries. Their unique characteristics and advantages have made them a popular choice for both producers and consumers alike.
One of the main advantages of seedless limes is the convenience they offer. The absence of seeds means that the fruit can be used directly without the need for time-consuming seed removal. This makes seedless limes a preferred choice for restaurants, cafes, and food manufacturers, as it saves time and effort in food preparation.
The consistent texture of seedless limes also makes them highly desirable in the culinary world. With no distractions from seeds, the flesh of seedless limes offers a smooth and uniform consistency, perfect for creating sauces, dressings, marinades, and other culinary creations.
Seedless limes also have a longer shelf life compared to their seeded counterparts. The absence of seeds minimizes the risk of spoilage and extends the fruit's freshness. This quality is highly appealing to both retailers and consumers who seek longer-lasting produce with maximum flavor and quality.
From a consumer perspective, seedless limes are favored for their versatile use. They can be easily squeezed for fresh lime juice, used as a garnish or flavor enhancer in dishes and beverages, or incorporated into desserts and baked goods. Their seedlessness allows for a hassle-free experience, whether it's enjoying a refreshing limeade or adding a zesty twist to a homemade guacamole.
Furthermore, seedless limes have become a staple ingredient in various industries, including the production of lime-flavored beverages, culinary condiments, and cosmetics. Their consistent flavor and absence of seeds make them a reliable choice for achieving the desired taste profiles and textures.
Overall, the commercial significance of seedless limes lies in their convenience, longer shelf life, and versatility. As the demand for quick and easy food options continues to rise, seedless limes have emerged as a valuable resource for chefs, food manufacturers, and consumers who seek hassle-free and consistent lime flavor in their dishes and products.
How Seedless Limes are Produced
The production of seedless limes typically involves a combination of natural processes and human intervention. Here is an overview of the methods used to cultivate seedless lime varieties:
1. Natural Mutations: In some cases, seedless lime varieties arise from natural genetic mutations. These mutations can occur spontaneously in lime trees, leading to the development of fruit without seeds. These naturally occurring mutations may be discovered by farmers or plant breeders who then propagate and cultivate these seedless lime trees to create a consistent seedless variety.
2. Cross-Pollination: Another method to produce seedless limes is through cross-pollination. Plant breeders selectively choose parent plants with desired traits, including seedlessness, and facilitate the transfer of pollen from one tree to another. This process allows for the combination of genes from different lime varieties and the production of offspring with seedless characteristics.
3. Induced Parthenocarpy: Parthenocarpy, or the development of fruit without fertilization, can also be induced in lime trees. This process typically involves the application of growth hormones or other treatments to stimulate fruit development without the need for pollination and the subsequent formation of seeds. By inducing parthenocarpy, seedless lime varieties can be grown and propagated.
4. Triploid Breeding: Triploidy, a condition in which plants possess three sets of chromosomes, is often associated with seedlessness in limes. Plant breeders can intentionally create triploid lime trees by crossing diploid (normal two sets of chromosomes) and tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) lime varieties. The resulting offspring are triploid and tend to produce seedless fruit.
Once seedless lime trees have been established, they can be reproduced through vegetative propagation methods such as grafting or budding. This ensures that the seedless characteristics of the trees are maintained in subsequent generations.
Through a combination of natural mutations, controlled cross-pollination, induced parthenocarpy, and triploid breeding techniques, seedless lime varieties have been successfully produced and cultivated. These methods allow for the creation of consistent, seedless limes that offer numerous benefits to growers, distributors, and consumers.
Read more: Why Don't Oranges Have Seeds
Seedless Lime Varieties
There are several popular seedless lime varieties that have gained recognition for their distinct flavors and qualities. Let's explore some of the most well-known seedless lime varieties:
1. Bearss Lime (Citrus latifolia): Bearss lime, also known as Persian lime, is one of the most widely cultivated seedless lime varieties. It features a bright green-yellow skin and a tangy, acidic flavor. Bearss limes are known for their juice content, making them a popular choice for culinary applications, especially in the production of limeade, sauces, and desserts.
2. Key Lime (Citrus aurantifolia): Key lime, also referred to as Mexican lime, is another popular seedless lime variety. It is smaller in size, with a thin, yellow

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
I am always being asked where the defrost timer is located on a refrigerator. Unfortunately the location varies depending on the manufacturer and model. Some are located in the rear near the compressor. Others are behind the louvered kick-plate in the front. Some are in the fresh-food section near the cold control. To make finding them more challenging they are usually covered except for a hole that allows them to be manually advanced. On the refrigerator that I use the timer is in the fresh-food section beside the cold-control. The only indication is the hole that permits a large flat blade screwdriver to be used to advance the timer.
Fig 1 Typical Defrost Timer
In a typical defrost circuit 120 volts is passed to the timer from the cold-control when it calls for cooling. The voltage energizes a clock circuit. If the defrost timer is in the defrost position, voltage is sent to the defrost heater circuit. If the timer is not in defrost, voltage is passed to the compressor starting-circuit and fans.
Fig 2 Typical defrost circuit (defrost cycle)
Some defrost circuits power the clock with line-voltage (bypassing the cold-control). This arrangement initiates a defrost cycle at set intervals of time regardless of how often the compressor has run. In the circuit above the clock runs only when the cold-control is made so it initiates a defrost cycle based on accumulated compressor run-time. With the defrost timer in the defrost position current goes to the defrost heater. The thermostat in the circuit (also called a termination thermostat) opens to turn off the defrost heater when the temperature in the freezer reaches its design temperature. This is usually around 50 to 55 degrees. This keeps the freezer compartment from getting too hot before the defrost timer switches back to the compressor run position. If the thermostat fails in the open position no current can flow through the defrost circuit even though the defrost timer and defrost heater are good. In this case the evaporator will frost up and eventually the freezer and fresh-food compartment temperatures will rise. The same symptoms will occur if the clock in the defrost timer fails and never switches to a defrost cycle or if the defrost heater fails.
Fig 3 Typical defrost circuit (in compressor run position)
Normally the termination thermostat will turn off the defrost heater before the defrost timer times out and switches the defrost heater out of the circuit. When the timer times out the defrost timer opens the heater circuit and closes the contacts to send power to the compressor and fans. The defrost timer stays in this position until the accumulated time to switch back to defrost cycle.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Creating workflows with UI Component Fields - Platform - BlueCat Gateway - 20.1.1
Gateway Administration Guide
BlueCat Gateway
Create a custom workflow using UI Component Fields. You will modify files in the /workflows/ directory generated when creating a new workflow from the BlueCat Gateway user interface.
 1. Create a workflow. This can be performed manually or by using the Create Workflow administrative workflow.
 2. In , add the needed UI Component fields.
 Note: By default, all UI Component Fields are disabled upon loading a workflow. Fields will become enabled as you progress through the form. After clicking SUBMIT, if you receive an error from the server all fields remain enabled. You can customize this using the is_disabled_on_start and is_disabled_on_error parameters.
 3. Modify the workflow files as needed in the /workflows/ directory:
 - —you need to specify the endpoint that will be called when clicking Submit. By default, when using 'Create Workflow' the Form Submit function name will be in the format __form and called inside HTML using action=url_for ().
 - .js—contains any of the customizations needed in a workflow. For an example refer to the 'Update Alias Record' workflow.
 - Text/en.txt—Reserved for future use with UI Component Fields, otherwise it can be used as custom workflow internationalization.
 - —contains a GenericFormTemplate class where you can specify UI Component Fields and their interactions. Use the PlainHtml Component field if you desire to add static HTML in between components. For example, PlainHTML('').
 4. Set the and permissions for each UI Component Field. If you want to change a default label, set the label and required parameters. Set coerce to force a data type of a field. For example, .
 If necessary, customize the server-side endpoint by providing the server_side_method parameter. Use inputs to map server endpoint form parameters passed to server-side endpoints with client HTML elements. If none are provided all elements in the DOM will be submitted.


Small Static Caravan Sites | North-Wales | North Wales Caravans
Small static caravan sites in North Wales are often located in areas of outstanding natural beauty within a short distance of the coast. The Countryside Code benefits everyone using the countryside in the UK and North Wales, to enable you to get the most out of your visit. It is in place to give you helpful advice when planning your outing, to keep yourself and others safe and to ensure that the countryside remains a fabulous environment that everyone can enjoy. For example, many holiday makers who visit Sirior Bach Caravan Park near Abergele, make frequent visits out into the beautiful Welsh countryside and there are rules for ramblers, cyclists and dog walkers to follow.
Always consider other people and the local community
 - When out driving in the countryside, consider visitors and local people; don't block driveways and gateways, or pathways with your vehicle.
 - When driving a vehicle or riding a bike, slow down or stop for farm animals, walkers and horses and always ensure you give them room when passing.
 - If a farmer is moving his animals cooperate by keeping out of the way, follow any directions that the farmer gives you.
 - Busy traffic can be a hindrance on country roads to visitors, local people and wildlife so drive slowly and, if at all possible, leave your car at home; maybe cycle or take public transport.
Leave property and gates as you find them
 - If a farmer has left gates open so that his animals can reach food and water, ensure that you leave gates as you find them or look for information on any signs.
 - Always follow pathways unless there is a wider access such as on common ground. Never climb over fences, hedges and walls potentially causing damage; use gaps in boundaries, stiles or gates for access.
 - Never interfere with animals or machinery.
 Protect the natural environment around you
 - Take special care not to remove, destroy or damage any natural features such as trees, plants or rocks, which may be habitat for wildlife.
 - Left-over food and litter can be detrimental and dangerous to wildlife, so ensure that you always take your litter home with you to dispose of. Fires can be dangerous to habitats, wildlife and other people so take care when smoking outdoors and if using naked flames.
Always ensure that you keep your dogs under control at all times. If possible, keep on a lead or in your sight and make sure they don't stray off into an area where you have no right of access. There are certain rules that apply to dogs near to farm animals and, if near the coast, you may need to keep them on a lead so as not to disturb breeding birds. Pick up your dog's mess and dispose of it in a safe manner – in bins provided or take it home with you to dispose of correctly.
You are responsible for your own safety and of those in your care, especially children, so be prepared for any hazards – a sudden change in the weather or an unpredictable horse or farm animal.
The countryside is appealing around small static caravan sites in North Wales; wonderful places where you can get away from it all. So to ensure that everyone has an enjoyable, safe visit make sure you stick to the rules of the countryside code.
If you need any further information about staying safe during your time at such holiday parks as Whitehouse Leisure Park, Sirior Bach Caravan Park, Golden Gate Holiday Centre or any of the small caravan sites in North Wales, please feel free to contact us at North Wales Caravans.


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What Is Construction Certificate or CC?
A Construction Certificate (CC) is a certificate that is issued by an accredited certifier. The authority allows for building work to commence on a project once the development application has been issued from Council.
When is construction certificate required?
A construction certificate is required after development Application (DA) is issued by Council and before any building work is carried out. Building work means any physical activity involved in the erection of a building, including alterations and additions.
What is the role of Principal certifier (or Private Certifier)?
The Principal certifiers ensures that the work you are intended to carry out on your property complies with the National Construction Code (NCC).
The Construction certificate application should include;
- Detailed building plans/engineering details and specifications.
- Compliance with Councils Development Application consent conditions
- The design and construction work as showed in the plans and specification you submit is not inconsistent with the development consent.
- Security required as a condition of consent has been provided
What is the next step after obtaining the Construction Certificate?
Once you obtained the construction certificate, you need to appoint a principal certifier (PC) The PC oversees the development's construction phase and completes mandatory building inspections, known as critical stage inspections, to make sure that building standards are met.
Once building work has finished, the PCA will complete final inspections and issue the Whole occupation certificate (OC), if all requirements have been satisfied.
Can I start Construction without Construction Certificate?
There are serious consequences for building development carried out without construction certificate.
- Councils Notice of Intent or demolition of property or extension.
- Difficulty to obtain building insurance
- Rejection of Sale Contract while selling property
- Serious Fines on property
- Chances of not getting Occupation Certificate (OC) to occupy the property.
- Lower marketability
If you require any further assistance in relation to this topic, you are welcome to contact our team of experienced Certifiers by clicking here to submit an online enquiry form or call us on


text:
Digitized film images originating from a datacine conversion process are high-resolution scans that preserve much of a film's resolution and colour depth. In Flame, a lookup table (LUT) is the primary colour management tool available to deal with different colour spaces. A LUT is an ASCII file used to map pixels or pixel components from one colour to another. To display logarithmic film scans properly, such as Cineon files in the linear colour space native to Flame, you can work with monitor, display, and image conversion LUTs. You can use one of two kinds of LUTs: 1D LUTs and 3D LUTs.
Digital film scans often consist of logarithmic data rather than linear data. Linear data maps the luma range in equal intervals from black to white. Logarithmic data allows for more subtlety in the lower luma ranges of an image. In Flame, you can work with either logarithmic or linear data.
When you want to work with linear data, you can use an image conversion LUT on input to convert the logarithmic data to linear data. Since Flame assumes that input data is linear, it behaves more predictably when you work with linear data than when you work with logarithmic data.
When you want to preserve the image data contained in logarithmic film scans and do not want to apply an image conversion LUT, you can work directly with logarithmic clips. Working with logarithmic clips prevents any data loss that could occur during the image conversion process. When you work with logarithmic clips, however, apply a LUT for display purposes. Display LUTs affect transient data only — no data conversion is committed to the clip.
You can also change the display of an image you are working with to create a more plausible image display result. This allows you to display a video, logarithmic, or linear image in a context that is the same or similar to its final result.


At the Forge - Cassandra
Exploring Your Keyspace
Restart Cassandra, and reconnect via the CLI. Then, type:
cassandra> show keyspaces
Your new keyspace, "People", now should appear in the list:
cassandra> show keyspaces
You can ask for a description of your keyspace:
cassandra> describe keyspace People
Column Family Type: Standard
Columns Sorted By: org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.BytesType@1b22920
Column Family Type: Standard
Column Sorted By: org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.BytesType
flush period: null minutes
You now can see that your People keyspace contains a single "Users" column family. With this in place, you can start to set and retrieve data:
cassandra> get People.Users['1']
Returned 0 results.
cassandra> set People.Users['1']['email'] = ''
cassandra> set People.Users['1']['first_name'] = 'Reuven'
cassandra> set People.Users['1']['last_name'] = 'Lerner'
In Cassandra-ese, you would say that you now have set three column values ('email', 'first_name' and 'last_name'), for one key ('1') under a single column family ("Users"), within a single Keyspace ("People"). If you're used to working with a language like Ruby or Python, you might feel a bit underwhelmed—after all, it looks like you just set a multilevel hash. But that makes sense, given that Cassandra is a super-version of a key-value store, right?
Now, let's try to retrieve the data. You can do that with the key:
cassandra> get People.Users['1']
=> (column=6c6173745f6e616d65, value=Lerner,
=> (column=66697273745f6e616d65, value=Reuven,
=> (column=656d61696c,,
Returned 3 results.
Notice how each column has its own unique ID and that the data was stored with a timestamp. Such timestamps are crucial when you are running multiple Cassandra nodes, and they update one another without your knowledge to achieve complete consistency.
You can add additional information too:
cassandra> set People.Users['2']['first_name'] = 'Atara'
cassandra> set People.Users['2']['last_name'] = 'Lerner-Friedman'
cassandra> set People.Users['2']['school'] = 'Yachad'
cassandra> set People.Users['3']['first_name'] = 'Shikma'
cassandra> set People.Users['3']['last_name'] = 'Lerner-Friedman'
cassandra> set People.Users['3']['school'] = 'Yachad'
Now you have information about three users, and as you can see, the columns that you used within the "Users" column family were not determined by the configuration file and can be added on the spot. Moreover, there is no rule saying that you must set a value for the "email" column; such enforcement doesn't exist in Cassandra. But what is perhaps most amazing to relational database veterans is that there isn't any way to retrieve all the values that have a last_name of 'Lerner-Friedman' or a school named 'Yachad'. Everything is based on the key (which I have set to an integer in this case); you can drill down, but not across, as it were.
You can ask Cassandra how many columns were set for a given key, but you won't know what columns those were:
cassandra> count People.Users['1']
3 columns
cassandra> count People.Users['2']
3 columns
However, if you're trying to store information about many users, and those users are going to be updating their information on a regular basis, Cassandra can be quite helpful.
Now that you've got the hang of columns, I'll mention a particularly interesting part of the Cassandra data model. Instead of defining columns, you instead can define "super columns". Each super column is just like a regular column, except it can contain multiple columns within it (rather than a name-value pair). In order to define a super column, set the ColumnType attribute in the storage-conf.xml file to "Super". For example:
Note that if you restart Cassandra with this changed definition, and then try to retrieve People.Users['1'], you'll probably get an error. That's because you effectively have changed the schema without changing the data, which always is a bad idea. Now you can store and retrieve finer-grained information:
cassandra> set People.Users['1']['address']['city'] = 'Modiin'
cassandra> get People.Users['1']['address']['city']
=> (column=63697479, value=Modiin, timestamp=1279026442675000)
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text:
Performances will be held 7:30 p.m., Nov. 17-20 at Intermedia Arts, 2822 Lyndale Ave South Minneapolis, MN 55408. An artist discussion will follow the Friday and Saturday evening performances. The Opening Night Reception will be held from 5 ro 7 p.m. on Thursday, Nov. 17, followed by a special "pay-what-you-can" performance.
What would a polar bear say if he could talk? How does a small Indigenous Community fight a large multi-national corporation that is intending to exploit its natural resources?
"Calling All Polar Bears" is a one-woman show by Inupiaq Eskimo Inter-Disciplinary Artist, Allison Warden, whose roots are from Kaktovik, Alaska, a village in the heart of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Through the show, Allison takes on the characters of animals, and of people in her village, as they bring to light the complexity surrounding climate change in the Arctic and the push to extract resources from the Arctic regions. Indigenous communities all over the globe are facing similar challenges and "Calling All Polar Bears" hopes to engage audiences through an Inupiaq perspective and inspire audiences to think critically about these pressing issues and also hopefully take action to help fight for Indigenous sovereignty and traditional and customary ways of life.
Through humor, tears and engaging characters, "Calling All Polar Bears" takes you into the heart of the Arctic, with the hope of melting your heart towards a new perspective on the fate of the polar bears and the Inupiaq people.
Tickets are $12 advance, students, seniors; $15 door. Purchase advance tickets online at _URL_, or over the phone by calling _PHONE_.
Allison Warden (Aku-Matu) is an Iñupiaq Eskimo Inter-Disciplinary Artist with a passion for the self-determination of Indigenous Peoples. She raps under the name AKU-MATU and loves working with young people, empowering them through the use of theatre and music.
Warden creates her own beats for her rhymes, sampling traditional sounds and inserting her Iñupiaq language into her songs. She recently performed as Aku-Matu at Columbia University, as part of a concert put on by the Department of Ethnomusicology. She lives in Anchorage, Alaska and has close ties to her home community of Kaktovik, Alaska.
Her one-woman show, "Ode to the Polar Bear" has toured extensively across Alaska and the lower-48 and is now re-worked into a completely new and longer piece, titled "Calling All Polar Bears" which is debuting at Pangea Theatre in 2011. The show focuses on an Indigenous perspective of climate change, the push to drill in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the fate of Alaska's polar bear.
She is excited to tour this new show in 2012. She acted in Andrew MacLean's film, "On the Ice" that premiered at Sundance in 2011. In 2009, she was part of the "virtual subsistence" exhibition at MTS Gallery and coordinated over 25 people to participate in a performance that focused on the incident with the Point Hope caribou and land use issues.
Allison was the MC for the Elders and Youth Convention at the Alaska Federation of Natives Conference in October of 2010 and 2011 and was active in presenting about language revitalization. Allison is an engaged community member, passionate about awakening Indigenous youth to their potential and voice. She is most excited about working on her AKU-MATU album and about expressing herself through writing more poetry, plays and a screenplay.
This project is made possible in part by support from the National Performance Network Performance Residency Program. For more information: _URL_.
The Indigenous Voices Series was created by Pangea World Theater and is co-presented annually by Intermedia Arts. Indigenous Voices explores issues in the indigenous agenda, focusing not only on internal details but also the wider global and national contexts through the medium of theater and performance art.
In this series, local, national, and international artists raise issues that affect their community-issues of identity, rights, struggles, and experiences. Featured artists have included Native Americans James Luna, Bently Spang, Marcus Amerman, Heid Erdrich, Sterlin Harjo, and Keo Woolford; Niuean-Samoan Dianna Fuemana; Native Canadian Margo Kane; and Tasmanian aboriginal Tammy Anderson. The series has included youth workshops, poetry slams and a global indigenous summit featuring speakers from across the world.
The Catalyst Series showcases the heart of Intermedia Arts' mission: sparking dialogue and social change with new performing arts, visual arts and film presentations. Through this new series, Intermedia Arts provides quality exhibition, performance, screening, meeting and workshop space to independent artists, arts organizations, youth groups, community groups and individuals who are dedicated to using art as a tool for social change.
Pangea World Theater begins from the fundamental paradigm of diversity in the world. Our work expresses this reality and our organization advances this possibility consciously.
Since its inception in 1995, Pangea's goals have included creating a new literature with stories from different communities for theater, changing our methods of auditioning in order to include artists from diverse communities who are not trained in the traditional western methods of the audition process, and creating new possibilities and new aesthetic realities for a more diverse audience.
As the community of the Twin Cities has become increasingly diverse with the influx of new immigrants, Pangea has actively sought individuals from these communities to be part of our artistic and advisory team. _URL_


text:
Research from the Met Office has shed new light on a link between decadal solar variability and winter climate
in the UK, northern Europe and parts of America.
The study, carried out with Imperial College London and the University of Oxford, shows that low UV output from the sun can contribute to cold winters over parts of the northern hemisphere
, such as recently seen in the UK. Years of higher UV have the opposite effect.
Adam Scaife, one of the scientists involved in the research, said that while some studies have observed a link between solar variability and winter climate, our research establishes this as more than just coincidence
He said: "We've been able to reproduce a consistent climate pattern, confirm how it works, and quantify it using a computer model based on the laws of physics. This isn't the sole driver of winter climate over our region, but it is a significant factor
and understanding it is important for seasonal to decadal forecasting."
New data from sensitive satellite equipment shows UV variability over the 11-year solar cycle may be much larger than previously thought
and has been key to the research.


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You have finally completed your 10th Class. In the Upcoming years, you will have to choose the streams which might involve mathematics in it. Are you ready for that? Are you ready to give the competitive exams? Vedic Mathematics Online Course for Eleventh Class will help you with that.
In the competitive exams, time is merit. The faster you solve each problem, the greater the chance of solving more problems. But to do that you should be knowing speed mathematics and mental mathematics.
In the Speed Mathematics, will be learning about how to solve the mathematics in much faster as compared to normal technique. And in Mental Mathematics, you will learn about how to solve a problem in different ways.
If you want to get ready for the competitive world, then this course is for you.
What you'll learn:
- You will learn the advantages of Learning Vedic Mathematics as a 11th Class Student.
- Learn about the Mental Mathematics.
- Learn about Speed Mathematics.
- Learn about the Advance Mathematics.
- Learn different techniques for Competitive Exams.
- Learn to think under pressure using the Mental Mathematics.
- Learn how to manage time while solving complex problems.
To Join the Vedic Mathematics Online Course for Eleventh Class, a student should meet the following requirements:
|Should be ready to Learn Vedic Maths if in case the student is not aware of Vedic Maths.|
|Ready to Learn from Online Classes.|
|Would be an added advantage if one would had learnt Vedic Mathematics.|
|Have good learning and understanding skill.|
|Child should be having a strong foundation on the Vedic Math.|
|Should be able to do Arithmetic Calculations a bit faster.|
|Should have enhance on experience on the beginners and the intermediate level and should enhance on practice on both.|
Key points of Vedic Mathematics
- The content of these videos is not taught in schools and it is beyond the classroom teachings.
- More than 10 times faster than normal Math.
- Improves memory and boosts self-confidence.
- After a little practice with the mental math techniques, the students start seeing the numbers in the air. No joking Indeed.
- Everything you wanted to know about High-Speed Vedic Mathematics and more.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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VACUUM Simulator in Schema Statistics
VACUUM Simulator lets you tweak autovacuum settings to learn the relationship between Postgres configuration settings and autovacuum patterns. It also helps you find better autovacuum settings for the table.
Overview
Autovacuum can be triggered by the following 3 causes:
 1. Triggered by dead rows
 2. Triggered by freeze age
 3. Triggered by inserts (Postgres 13 or above)
Each cause has related configuration settings. By tweaking these settings, you can see changes in the simulation data. There is a panel for each cause, and each panel has the actual value and graph section to show how it was in the selected time range, and a simulation value and graph section to show how it would be based on the collected statistics and the adjusted configuration settings. You can also create a permalink of your current simulation and modified settings to share with your team members.
Limitations
 - The current autovacuum count can be much bigger than the simulation count with frequently autovacuumed tables, since the simulation can only perform autovacuum every 10 minutes. The simulation can still be useful to understand why so many vacuums are performed, and to explore ways to reduce autovacuum frequency.
Triggered by dead rows
To prevent table bloat, Postgres runs autovacuums periodically to clean up dead rows. You can learn more about bloat in the What is bloat? page.
Triggered by dead rows
When the number of dead rows exceeds the following threshold, dead rows autovacuums will be triggered:
threshold = autovacuum_vacuum_threshold + autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor * pg_class.reltuples
where pg_class.reltuples is the number of live rows in the table.
With VACUUM Simulator, you can tweak autovacuum_vacuum_threshold and autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor in this section. Lowering these configuration settings usually triggers autovacuums more, as the threshold becomes lower and the dead row count will reach the threshold more often. You can first try lowering autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor to see how it will affect the behavior, before touching autovacuum_vacuum_threshold.
On the other hand, if you are observing too many autovacuums on a table, your workload might be creating many dead rows compared to total live rows. In that case, making autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor 0 and adjusting autovacuum_vacuum_threshold to a value that lowers the total autovacuum count.
This section also contains the graph of avoidable growth, calculated based on the following factors:
 - How many reusable rows are available (already VACUUMed rows)
 - How many dead rows are there (to be VACUUMed rows)
Let's say there are 10 reusable rows and 20 dead rows. With this situation, if 30 rows are INSERTed:
 1. Use 10 reusable rows
 2. Use 20 totally new rows
However, if 20 dead rows were already VACUUMed at this point, the reusable rows will be 30 rows and all INSERTs will use these reusable rows without acquiring space for new rows. We'll consider these 20 dead rows as avoidable growth. When the table is showing this pattern a lot, it indicates that autovacuums are not running frequently enough. Try tweaking configuration settings to trigger simulation autovacuums more often and see if avoidable growth decreases.
There is a specific insight for this in the Alerts & Check-Up system: Bloat - Insufficient VACUUM Frequency.
Limitations
 - The simulation data tends to trigger autovacuum earlier than the actual triggered timing, especially with tables with lots of UPDATEs. Occasionally, UPDATEs operations don't create dead rows, or even decrease dead rows when "mini autovacuum" happened with these operations. The current simulation can't represent this situation well, therefore dead rows simply keep increasing with UPDATEs and trigger autovacuum earlier.
 - The avoidable growth graph may over report avoidable growth size. You can check the Estimated Table Bloat panel of Schema Statistics VACUUM/ANALYZE Activity page for the current estimated table bloat to assess the actual impact.
Triggered by freeze age
To prevent transaction ID wraparound, Postgres runs autovacuums periodically to freeze older rows (sometimes referred to as "freezing old transaction IDs"). You can learn more about freezing in the What is freezing? page.
Triggered by freeze age
When the age of the oldest unfrozen transaction ID exceeds autovacuum_freeze_max_age (or the oldest unfrozen multixact ID exceeds autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age), freeze age autovacuums will be triggered. These autovacuums are called anti-wraparound autovacuums.
With VACUUM Simulator, you can tweak autovacuum_freeze_max_age and autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age in this section. autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age can be only tweaked if multixact IDs are being used in your database. Lowering these configuration settings triggers autovacuums more, and increasing these configuration settings will decrease autovacuums triggered by freeze age.
Limitations
 - The simulation is using data of average transactions (or multixacts) per second (tps). If the tps varies a lot depending on the time of the day or day of the week, the simulation may look a lot different than the actual data.
 - Autovacuums triggered by other causes usually try to freeze old rows. The simulation also freezes them, however, there are cases that freezing won't happen when there are nothing can be frozen. This can cause the transaction age to be reset even when it shouldn't be in the simulation, potentially cause the simulation to trigger less autovacuums by freeze age.
Triggered by inserts
Since an append-only table won't generate any dead rows, autovacuum won't be triggered by dead rows. It can still be triggered by freeze age, but depending on the database workload, it can be a long time until it's triggered. This can turn normal incremental maintenance into a resource-intensive, long-running task that can impact database performance. To counteract this, since Postgres 13, autovacuum can be triggered by INSERTs. Autovacuum based on inserts is triggered to freeze old transaction IDs like freeze age autovacuum, but more importantly, it is triggered to update a visibility map. Each table has a visibility map to keep track of which pages contain only tuples that are known to be visible to all active transactions. For a case like an append-only table, all pages of the table should be all-visible, and are likely to stay all-visible moving forward (they will be flagged as not all-visible if there is any write operation on that page). However, Postgres doesn't know about this visibility metadata until VACUUM scans the table and sets a flag. Updating the visibility map helps index-only scans, as they will be able to avoid reading table data to check visibility, improving performance. During VACUUM of an append-only table, it is often able to mark pages as all-frozen, in addition to all-visible, and it will stay that way (since these rows will never be modified). This will improve performance for any subsequent VACUUMs as pages that are both all-visible and all-frozen don't need to be VACUUMed and will be skipped. Updating the visibility map also helps index-only scans, as they will be able to avoid reading the table data to check visibility, improving performance.
Triggered by inserts
When the number of inserted rows (since the last VACUUM) exceeds the following threshold, inserts autovacuums will be triggered:
threshold = autovacuum_vacuum_insert_threshold + autovacuum_vacuum_insert_scale_factor * pg_class.reltuples
where pg_class.reltuples is the number of live rows in the table.
With VACUUM Simulator, you can tweak autovacuum_vacuum_insert_threshold and autovacuum_vacuum_insert_scale_factor in this section. Lowering these configuration settings triggers autovacuums more with append-only or append-mostly tables, though this rarely triggers autovacuums for other types of tables.
If you are observing too many inserts autovacuums with the table, you can make autovacuum_vacuum_insert_scale_factor 0 and adjust autovacuum_vacuum_insert_threshold to find a reasonable threshold for inserts autovacuums.
Limitations
 - This simulation is only available with servers running Postgres 13 or above.
Couldn't find what you were looking for or want to talk about something specific?
Start a conversation with us →


text: For centuries, accurate pendulum clocks were of strategic scientific and military importance. Environmental factors such as temperature and pressure affect the rate of a pendulum. Without temperature compensation, accuracy is limited to about 10 s per day. With it, however, a secondper month is possible. Barometric compensation is required for additional improvement. Indeed, highly accurate pendulum clocks, such as Shortt-Synchronome Pendulums, are placed in controlled partial vacuums to avoid this unsolved problem. We model the pendulum as a Duffing oscillator to account for the effects of circular deviation, buoyancy, virtual mass, and aerodynamic drag. The application of routine perturbation methods reveals a simple and elegant solution to the problem of barometric compensation, an arc of motion where a balance is achieved. The results are confirmed by comparison to experiment.


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The change in law allowing learner drivers to have lessons on UK motorways has definitely received mixed feedback. With younger drivers being more likely to be involved in road accidents - is putting them onto busy and sometimes daunting motorways the right decision?
Requirements are clear. If learner drivers are going to be heading on to a motorway for a lesson, this MUST be with an official instructor in a car with dual controls (which I feel is comforting for other road users, as many people had originally voiced their concerns of learner drivers being on a motorway in a car without dual control).
This change in law is hoping to give new drivers more confidence with driving on the motorway, after 27 per cent of drivers said they were scared when they first went on to a motorway according to a study from AA. The likes of RAC and AA have also welcomed these changes.
In my opinion, as long as the driving instructor feels the learner driver is at a sensible level, then I don't see there being any issues. Only time will tell if these changes lead to a decrease in motorway accidents in younger drivers.
Learner drivers in England, Wales and Scotland are now allowed to have lessons on the motorway. Previously only those who had passed their test could do so, but lessons are now allowed in a dual-control car with an approved driving instructor. The government says the move will help learners gain experience to drive safely. The law change has been welcomed by the AA and RAC Foundation, among other motoring groups. Road safety minister Jesse Norman said: "Britain's roads are among the safest in the world, but road collisions remain the second biggest killer of young people. "Allowing learner drivers to have motorway lessons with a qualified road safety expert will help more young drivers to gain the skills and experience they need to drive safely on motorways."


FANDOM
Common material Thargoid Carapace
GradeCommon
Known uses
This shell like fragment is of Thargoid origin. Making up the body sections of creatures known as Scavengers these offer protection from various hazardous environments allowing the creatures to survive in the harshest of conditions.
— In-game description
Thargoid Carapace is a common material introduced in v2.3.
Known Sources Edit
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Definition of Post-exposure prophylaxis
Post-exposure prophylaxis: A treatment administered following exposure to a harmful agent which attempts to block or reduce injury or infection. Prophylaxis means a defense or protection.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), for example, might concern the treatment of a health care worker exposed by a needle stick to HIV with a drug such as AZT to protect them from being infected with HIV.
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Back to MedTerms online medical dictionary A-Z List
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text:
From a given router, is traceroute the best way to let me see the path traffic is taking?
Imagine that from router, next path is PIX firewall and load balancers. To my understanding, traceroute can't show me whether PIX firewall, load balancers, etc are on the way.
Please clarify whether there are tools or tricks out there which could let me determine the flow of traffic on a given network. Thanks.


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Existing member q st dating gibraltar
Another commonly used word for a prostitute is hooker.
Although a popular etymology connects "hooker" with Joseph Hooker, a Union general in the American Civil War, the word more likely comes from the concentration of prostitutes around the shipyards and ferry terminal of the Corlear's Hook area of Manhattan in the 1820s, who came to be referred to as "hookers".
Female prostitutes could be independent and sometimes influential women.
They were required to wear distinctive dresses and had to pay taxes.
Those offering services to female customers are commonly known as gigolos; those offering services to male customers are hustlers or rent boys.
Clients of prostitutes are sometimes known as johns or tricks in North America and punters in the British Isles.
Most sex worker activists groups reject the word prostitute and since the late 1970s have used the term sex worker instead.
However, sex worker can also mean anyone who works within the sex industry or whose work is of a sexual nature and is not limited solely to prostitutes.
Prostitution is sometimes described as commercial sex or hooking.
In the Ancient Near East along the Tigris–Euphrates river system there were many shrines and temples or "houses of heaven" dedicated to various deities documented by the Ancient Greek historian Herodotus in The Histories As early as the 18th century BC, ancient Mesopotamia recognized the need to protect women's property rights.
In the Code of Hammurabi, provisions were found that addressed inheritance rights of women, including female prostitutes.
The English word whore derives from the Old English word hōra, from the Proto-Germanic *hōrōn (prostitute), which derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂- meaning "desire", a root which has also given us Latin cārus (dear), whence the French cher (dear, expensive) and the Latin cāritās (love, charity).
Use of the word whore is widely considered pejorative, especially in its modern slang form of ho.


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A total of 18 mullein species have been recorded in Jordan. They generally produce small rosettes of hairy leaves in their first year. Adult plants over a year old produce large, hairy, basal leaves with wavy margins and densely branched crowns with yellow flowers. The flowers of most species have red centers. Mulleins are a source of food for numerous insects such as moth caterpillars and ants.
Stony mountains and valleys of western Jordan, including Amman, Karak, Tafilah, and Shobak.
Late spring and summer.


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How many animals can you find in the jungle? Post your responses below!
A fun brain teasing exercise that will amaze you! Follow all the instructions carefully.
Instructions: Count the number of F's in the following sentence. Count them ONLY ONCE. Do not go back and count them again:
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS.
How many F's did you get? For the correct answer and an explanation please scroll down. Continue reading


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Learn About Thinking Activities
Thinking activities are used to tap learners' prior knowledge by giving them an opportunity to create lists, make predictions, and use analogies. By using these activities, learners are put in control of their learning and allowed to make personal connections to new content.
Making organized lists that rank items in an order that makes sense to the learner is one way to help learners organize what they know as way of tapping prior knowledge. The Visual Ranking Tool*:
- Is an online thinking tool for ordering and prioritizing items in a list
- Helps learners analyze and evaluate criteria for their decisions
- Compares reasoning visually to promote collaboration and discussion
With the use of this tool, learners can use prior knowledge at the beginning of a project or lesson to rank items and then see how their new knowledge expands their viewpoint over the course of learning.
Example Visual Ranking List:
Working in pairs, learners are given a list of animals and asked which one most resembles a human. They use Visual Ranking to put the animals into order, ranking them on their human-like qualities.
This Visual Ranking list comes from the Project Idea: Classify Animals*.
To Page 2 of 2 | Next >
< Return to Tapping Prior Knowledge


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When it comes to flowers, the red rose is one of the most iconic and meaningful of all. The vibrant color of the rose, paired with its sweet fragrance, has made it a favorite for centuries. But did you know that the red rose is more than just a pretty flower? It has been imbued with symbolism and spiritual significance throughout history. In this article, we'll explore the many meanings of the red rose, from its origins in mythology to its modern-day use in aromatherapy and skincare.
The History of the Red Rose as a Symbol of Love and Passion
The association between the red rose and love can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome. In these cultures, the rose was seen as the symbol of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty. The red color of the rose, which was associated with the god of love, Cupid, reinforced its romantic connotations. Over time, the red rose became the go-to flower for expressing love and passion, and it has remained so to this day.
During the Middle Ages, the red rose continued to be associated with love and passion, but it also took on religious significance. It was believed that the red rose was a symbol of the blood of Christ, and it was often used in Christian art and literature to represent the love of God. This dual symbolism of the red rose as both a romantic and religious symbol helped to solidify its place in history as a powerful and enduring symbol of love.
In modern times, the red rose remains one of the most popular flowers for expressing love and passion. It is often given as a gift on Valentine's Day, anniversaries, and other romantic occasions. However, the meaning of the red rose has evolved over time, and it can now also be used to express gratitude, appreciation, and admiration. Whether given as a romantic gesture or as a symbol of friendship, the red rose continues to be a beloved and timeless symbol of love and passion.
The Origins of the Red Rose in Mythology
According to Greek mythology, the red rose came into being when Aphrodite's tears mixed with the blood of her lover, Adonis. The resulting flower was said to symbolize both love and sacrifice. In Roman mythology, the red rose was linked to Bacchus, the god of wine. It was believed that the first red rose sprung from the ground where a drop of his spilled wine had landed.
However, the red rose also has significance in other cultures. In Hindu mythology, the goddess Lakshmi is often depicted holding a lotus flower and a red rose, symbolizing beauty and prosperity. In Chinese culture, the red rose is associated with good luck and is often given as a gift during the Chinese New Year.
Today, the red rose remains a popular symbol of love and passion, often given as a gift on Valentine's Day or used in wedding bouquets. It is also used in various industries, such as perfumery and cosmetics, due to its sweet fragrance and vibrant color.
How the Red Rose Became the National Flower of England
The red rose has been associated with England since the time of the Wars of the Roses, a series of conflicts between the House of Lancaster and the House of York for control of the English throne. The House of Lancaster, which represented the reigning monarch at the time, adopted the red rose as its emblem, while the House of York chose the white rose. This rivalry culminated in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the red rose emerged victorious. From that point on, the red rose became the national flower of England.
Interestingly, the red rose was not officially recognized as the national flower of England until 1986. Prior to that, there was no official national flower for the country. However, the red rose had already become a symbol of England and was widely recognized as such. Today, the red rose is still a popular symbol of England and is often used in national celebrations and events.
The Different Varieties of Red Roses and Their Meanings
Not all red roses are created equal. There are many different varieties of red roses, each with its own unique meaning. For example, the deep burgundy color of the Black Baccara rose is said to represent unconquerable love, while the bright scarlet red of the Mr. Lincoln rose is associated with passion and strength.
Other popular varieties of red roses include the Cherry Brandy rose, which has a vibrant orange-red hue and symbolizes enthusiasm and desire, and the Firefighter rose, which is a deep red color and is often given as a tribute to firefighters and other first responders. Additionally, the Red Eden rose is a bright red color and represents true love and devotion, while the Red Intuition rose is a darker shade of red and is associated with deep feelings of love and respect.
The Significance of Giving a Red Rose to Someone Special
When you give a red rose to someone, you're not just expressing your love or admiration for them. You're also telling them that they are special and unique. The act of giving a red rose can be a way of expressing gratitude, saying thank you, or congratulating someone on a job well done. It's a timeless gesture that never goes out of style.
Moreover, the color red itself holds a significant meaning. It symbolizes passion, desire, and love. It's no wonder that red roses are often associated with romantic love and are a popular choice for Valentine's Day. However, red roses can also be given to family members, friends, or colleagues to show appreciation and affection. The beauty and fragrance of a red rose can brighten up anyone's day and make them feel special.
The Importance of Color in Flower Symbolism: Why is Red so Significant?
Color is an important part of flower symbolism, and the color red has its own special significance. Red is associated with passion, desire, and energy. It's a powerful, attention-grabbing color that commands respect and admiration. When you give someone a red rose, you're telling them that they ignite your passion and that you desire them deeply.
In addition to its association with passion and desire, red is also often used to symbolize love and romance. Red roses are a popular choice for Valentine's Day and anniversaries, as they convey a message of deep love and commitment. Red flowers can also be used to express gratitude and appreciation, as they are a bold and striking way to say "thank you."
However, it's important to note that the meaning of red flowers can vary depending on the culture and context in which they are given. In some cultures, red is associated with luck and good fortune, while in others it may be seen as a symbol of danger or warning. It's always a good idea to research the cultural significance of flower colors before giving them as a gift or using them in a symbolic way.
Understanding the Spiritual Significance of the Red Rose in Different Religions
The red rose has spiritual significance in many different religions. In Christianity, the red rose has been associated with the blood of Christ and is seen as a symbol of sacrifice. In Hinduism, the red rose is associated with the goddess Lakshmi and is used in worship and as an offering. In Islam, the red rose is said to represent the love between God and humanity and is often used in poetry and art.
Additionally, in Buddhism, the red rose is seen as a symbol of the Buddha's teachings and is often used in meditation practices. The rose's beauty and fragrance are believed to represent the beauty and fragrance of the Buddha's teachings, which bring peace and enlightenment to those who follow them. In ancient Greek mythology, the red rose was associated with the goddess Aphrodite, who was the goddess of love and beauty. The rose was said to have grown from her tears and the blood of her lover, Adonis. Today, the red rose is still a popular symbol of love and is often given as a gift on Valentine's Day or other romantic occasions.
How to Care for Your Red Rose Plants and Keep Them Blooming Beautifully
If you want to keep your red rose plants blooming beautifully, there are a few things you need to know. Red roses love sunlight, so make sure to plant them in an area that gets at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. They also need well-draining soil and regular watering. Pruning your red roses can help promote healthy growth and keep them looking their best.
Using Red Roses in Floral Arrangements: Tips for Designing Stunning Bouquets
Red roses are a popular choice for floral arrangements, and there are countless ways to design stunning bouquets using these beautiful blooms. Consider pairing your red roses with white lilies for a classic, elegant look, or mix them with bright yellow sunflowers for a bold, cheerful design. Experiment with different vase shapes and sizes to create unique arrangements that showcase your red roses in all their glory.
Exploring the Cultural Significance of Red Roses Around the World
The red rose is more than just a flower; it's also a cultural icon that carries different meanings around the world. For example, in Japan, the red rose represents passion and intense love, while in China, it's associated with happiness, prosperity, and good fortune. In Iran, the red rose has been used in poetry and literature for centuries and is seen as a symbol of beauty and youth.
Decorating with Red Roses: Creative Ideas for Adding Elegance and Romance to Your Home
Red roses aren't just for special occasions. You can also use them to add elegance and romance to your home decor. Consider placing a vase of red roses on your dining room table for a sophisticated touch, or scatter them around your bedroom for a romantic atmosphere. You can even use dried red rose petals to make potpourri or crafts.
The Health Benefits of Roses: How They Promote Relaxation, Boost


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Search results for: pressure fluctuation.
1 Piezoelectric Power Output Predictions Using Single-Phase Flow to Power Flow Meters
This research involved the utilization of fluid flow energy to predict power output using Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoelectric stacks. The aim of this work is to extract energy from a controlled level of pressure fluctuation in single-phase flow which forms a part of the energy harvesting technology that powers flow meters. A device- Perspex box was developed and fixed to 50.8 mm rig to induce pressure fluctuation in the flow. An experimental test was carried out using the single-phase water flow in the developed rig in order to measure the power output generation from the piezoelectric stacks. 16 sets of experimental tests were conducted to ensure the maximum output result. The acquired signal of the pressure fluctuation was used to simulate the expected electrical output from the piezoelectric material. The results showed a maximum output voltage of 12 V with an instantaneous output power of 1 µW generated, when the pressure amplitude is 2.6 kPa at a frequency of 2.4 Hz.Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 70


FAQs: COVID19 vaccine for foreingers in Thailand
Right now, COVID19 vaccine is licensed and available in Thailand, unfortunately the supply of vaccines is very limited. Foreigners still cannot get the vaccine in Thailand and we did received many questions and requests for foreingers especially expatriates in Thailand on how and where to get the vaccine. So we will try to answer these questions in this blog post.
Let's start:
1. Which COVID19 vaccines are licensed and available in Thailand?
Our FDA licensed three COVID19 vaccines i.e. vaccine from AztraZeneca/Oxford, the Sinovac from China and from Johnsons and Johnsons. However, only two vaccines (AztraZenaca and Sinovac) are available right now.
2. These COVID19 vaccines belong to whom? Who imported the vaccines?
Royal Thai Government imports all vaccines and plans to distribute to all Thais. They have a clear plan to secure and distribute the vaccines, started from February 2021, right now (4 Apr) approximately 170,000 Thais received vaccines. A big lot of vaccine is coming, and by the end of this year, our government expects to receive 60 million doses of vaccine for our population.
3. What is the target population of this vaccine?
The priority groups are the healthcare personels, people in outbreak area and elderly and those with medical conditions. The next phase will distribute to general population.
4. Is it true that COVID19 vaccine is free for Thai citizen? and How about foreingers?
Yes, the government provides vaccine for Thai citizen free of charge. Unfortunately, non-Thais are still not the target group of vaccine, at least for now, where the availability of vaccine in Thailand is still very limited. So there is no tentative date/time on when foreigners can get the vaccine in Thailand.
5. What about private hospitals/clinics in Thailand? Can they buy vaccine and provide to foreingers in Thailand?
Theoretically, yes. Private hospitals can buy licensed COVID19 vaccine and distribute in private sector. Unforutnately, as you know, now all countries, all government want to buy vaccines in big lots (10+ millions doeses). The demand is huge. So as you can imagine, big pharmaceutically companys are much more willing to sell millions doses of vaccines to the goverment than 10K or 100K or even 200K doses to private sector. This is one reason why, even private hospitals are willing to pay, to get the vaccine is still not easy.
Apart from that, the rule, regulation and liability of new vaccine are another key factors. In fact, before new vaccine is licensed, it has to pass many processes and take long times (2-5 years) to ensure its safety and efficacy. But we have not much time in COVID19 pandemic. So FDA in many countries has to license and approve the use of new COVID19 vaccine urgently and with some conditions such as for public health authorities use only, or for emergency use only, etc. That means this COVID19 vaccine is not for general use right now, so this is another reasons why private hospitals in many countries are not allowed to buy and provide vaccines to their patients.
6. I'm an expat living in Thailand, so how I can get the COVID19 vaccine?
Unfortunately, right now there is no easy way to get the vaccine if you are non-Thais. Ones may prefer to wait and see, and that's ok. We believe that in the future, you can get this vaccine in Thailand. Unfortunately, no one can predict when. By the way, there is another way if you do not want to wait, you can choose to fly back to your home country to get the vaccine and fly back to Thailand. We do see many expats choose this way.
Likewise, we did see some Thais living abroad, choose to fly back to Thailand to get vaccine here, because they are not eligible to get the vaccine abroad. And that's understanable. All countries always give priority to their own citizen first.
7. Does Thai Travel Clinic plan to provide COVID19 vaccines for foreingers?
Absolutely, our goals is to provide best medical care to Thais and foreigners. And we believe that vaccine is the key to control the outbreak. So we try very hard to buy COVID19 vaccine for foreingers in our hospital. Unforutnately, at this point, the priority of vaccine is still for Thais. Anyway, once global supply of vaccine is not tight, we will buy it and will provide COVID19 vaccine to foreigners.


Categories
halftoning
Stippling: So Many Dots
How can we draw pictures with dots? This is called stippling, which involves putting a lot of dots across an image to approximate tones. On a white background, more (or larger) black dots result in a locally darker image. These two approaches are known as AM and FM stippling. AM – amplitude modulation – means changing the size of each dot as a result of the local image brightness. FM – frequency modulation – means changing the spacing of equal-sized dots. But there's no need to restrict yourself to purely one or the other.
Here's Lena with 1996 points, randomly arranged, with the AM approach:
And with 1996 points that have been FM arranged (via Lloyd's algorithm):
These are extremes of a continuum. For example, the size of the dots could be specified, and an appropriate arrangement found. The header image uses dots that increase in radius from the center of the image.
What about other options? The Voronoi diagrams used so far are isotropic. What about using the gradients of the image to inform the direction of anisotropy? Here are the results of putting the anisotropy parallel and perpendicular to the local gradients:
That gives some interesting structure to the arrangement of dots. For example, the gradient-aligned anisotropy yields sharper edges. This is more evident when there are tons of dots, as with the 8000 in the next example:
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text:
Total Base Number
Total base number (TBN) is a measure of a reserve alkalinity of a lubricant. The test is relevant to internal combustion engines due to the acidic byproducts of combustion generated when gasoline and diesel fuel are burned. These byproducts, including SOx, NOx, and others enter the crankcase via blow-by gases getting past the piston rings.
In addition to acids entering the engine crankcase from blowby, acids are normally generated in other areas of the engine due to heat, oxidation, and other chemical processes.
In an effort to counter the corrosive effect of acids on engine parts, constituents are added to the oil (oil additives) that have basic properties. As bases, they act to neutralize the acids in the engine. The additive commonly used is calcium sulfonate. Others, however, including magnesium sulfonate, phenates, and salicylates are also used. In addition to contributing to the TBN of a lubricant, these additives are multifuctional in that they are also highly valued as dispersant additives.
Whereas the process of generating acids will continue for the life of the engine, the ability of engine oil to neutralize the acids is finite. This is one reason engine oil needs to be changed. The basic properties of engine oil are eventually overcome by the constant generation of acids and the oil must be changed before the lubricant loses its ability to neutralize the acids.
In simple terms, many describe the Total Base Number (TBN) of an engine oil to be something akin to a "Tums" used to neutralize the acids in ones stomach. And to this end, the higher the base number, the greater is the lubricants ability to neutralize acids. At the same time, it should be noted that like "Tums: too much of anything is not necessarily good. In fact, whereas an overtreat of calcium sulfonate may be beneficial in neutralizing the acidic by-product of combustion, too much can generate higher levels of ash which can be damaging to an engine.
In an effort to strike a balance, the total base number of a new oil is typically in the range of 7 to 10 for gas engines and 10 to 14 for diesel engines. When the TBN in a used oil drops below 3, it typically indicates the need for an oil change.
It should be noted that in addition to ASTM D2896, the TBN of a lubricant can be tested by the procedure detailed in ASTM D4739. There are subtle, yet important differences to consider when looking at TBN data from each. Technically, the primary differences between D4739 and D2896 are that whereas D4739 uses hydrochloric acid as the titrant, perchloric acid is used in D2896. In addition, they use different titration solvents.
Because hydrochloric acid is weaker than perchloric, D4739 is less effective than D2896 in titrating weak bases. This can result in what ASTM refers to as a "falsely exaggerated" or sometimes even "falsely understated" TBN's for test method D4739. For these reasons, ASTM says "When the base number of the new oil is required as an expression of its manufactured quality, Test Method D 2896 is preferred, since it is known to titrate weak bases that this test method may or may not titrate reliably."
What's the difference between TBN and TAN in an oil analysis?
TBN is total base number and TAN is total acid number. TBN is a measure of the reserve alkalinity or reserve acid neutralization remaining in the oil. TAN measure the increase of oil oxidation and build-up of corrosive acidic compounds. Engine manufacturers often recommend utilizing both tests to gain a more in depth understanding of oil condition and engine oil remaining protection. In utilizing both tests, the TBN will decrease over time and TAN will increase over time. The point where the two numbers meet or cross over can be considered the point where the oil can no longer provided adequate corrosive where protection.
- "TBN". Petroleum Quality Institute of America.


text:
Beloved Sarasota High School
Articles: Sarasota History
The red brick and glazed terra cotta, Late Gothic Revival, three-story with a 4 ½ -story entrance tower building located at 1001 South Tamiami Trail, was designed by architect M. Leo Elliott as the Sarasota High School in 1926. The school was completed in 1927 and the first senior class graduated in 1928. Designed in the "Collegiate Gothic" style, the rectangular, irregular plan masonry wall structure was set on a high base of limestone and concrete laid in imitation of limestone. The flat roof surfaces were protected by flat parapets ornamented with label-enframed and cusped crenellations. At the east elevation appeared a two-story wing which was parallel to the three-story west elevation.
The massive tower entrance to the school on U.S. 41 is marked with brick pier buttresses, which terminated at the top of the tower projection in glazed terra cotta cluster columns. Ornate crocket projections formerly pierced the skyline, but were removed at an unknown date. The tower was ornamented with various combinations of colonettes, crockets, tracery, quatrefoils and bosses, all Gothic Revival motifs, executed in ornamental glazed terra cotta.
The construction of Sarasota High School was part of a county-wide program which included the erection of South Side Elementary School and Bay Haven Elementary School. The school expansion program coincided with the land "Boom" upward rise of real estate prices; as a result, the high school site was purchased for $317,000. In The Story of Sarasota, author Karl Grismer commented that the "tract upon which the school (Sarasota High School) was located, cost more than the Florida Mortgage and Investment Company, Ltd., paid for the entire site of Sarasota - and 50,000 acres beside - in 1885!" Bond issues in excess of $1,500,000 were used to float the land acquisition, construction and operating costs required by the school expansion program.
The construction of the three schools was indicative of the Cambridge, Massachusetts planner, John Nolen, in his Comprehensive Plan for the City which was published in 1925. He advised in his report that four elementary schools be built, two of which were constructed (Bay Haven and Southside). He also recommended that a new high school be built on Osprey Avenue between 12th and 16th Streets. An alternate site on South Tamiami Trail was selected by the County School Board.
The architect, M. Leo Elliott was also responsible for the designs of Bay Haven and Southside in 1926. Mr. Elliott was a remarkably eclectic designer and was equally as adept working in the Gothic Revival in his Sarasota High School design. The school is a prominent landmark in the City of Sarasota. In addition to the school design, Mr. Elliott was also responsible for the design of the second skyscraper in the City; the former First National Bank building on the southwest corner Main Street and Palm Avenue, subsequently called the Orange Blossom Hotel. The first 'skyscraper' was the Hotel Sarasota on the northeast corner of Main Street and Palm Avenue.
Today the Sarasota High School historic building is going to be given a new life as a modern art museum. Sarasotans are grateful this memorable educational institution will be preserved and be a place to be enjoyed for many years to come.


text: More than 3,050 species of invertebrates inhabit the benthos of the Barents Sea (Sirenko, 2001). Total fauna biomass, including benthic species, generally increases near the Polar Front, in shallow regions, and near the edges of banks. The richest species diversity is found on sandy silts, and silty-sand floors. Lower biomass occurs in areas with limited upwelling, low primary production, reduced vertical flux, and areas with less suitable substrata caused by heavy sedimentation (e.g. inner parts of glacial fjords).


text:
Founded in 1997 by Returned Peace Corps Volunteer Florence Reed, Sustainable Harvest International (SHI) provides farming families in Central America with the training and tools to overcome poverty while restoring our planet's tropical forests.
Sustainable Harvest International addresses the tropical deforestation crisis in Central America by providing farmers with sustainable alternatives to slash-and-burn agriculture. SHI works only in communities where they have been invited by local people. They always work in partnership with an in-country organization that shares their goals. Because their projects are locally initiated and supported by in-country organizations, the work will continue long after they have left an area.
Sustainable Harvest International works with more than 1,000 participating families in over 100 communities in Honduras, Panamá, Belize and Nicaragua. With SHI's help, participating families and schools have planted more than 2,000,000 trees. SHI participants have also saved tens of thousands of acres of tropical forest from slash-and-burn destruction by converting thousands of acres to sustainable uses. With organic vegetable gardens, wood-conserving stoves, community loan funds and a host of other projects, participants dramatically improve their health and boost family income."


text:
The water crisis in Rawalpindi is likely to intensify in the next 48 days due to excessive reduction in water discharge from tube wells as groundwater levels fall in the twin cities and depletion of water reserves in Khanpur Dam due to fewer monsoon rains.
As the level of water reserve in Khanpur Dam fell from 1,982 feet to 1,938 feet, the Capital Development Authority (CDA) has demanded to immediately divert agricultural water from the dam to ensure drinking water supply to Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
The letter written by CDA to dam officials states that water storage has reduced to an alarming level and there is a danger of severe drinking water crisis in the twin cities in the next seven weeks.
It added that according to the 1991 agreement, even under the National Water Policy 2018, the supply of drinking water must be given priority. In view of this situation, an urgent decision is needed to ensure drinking water supply to the twin cities.
Meanwhile, the Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA), in support of the CDA, issued an advisory to the cities to consume water carefully.
WASA Managing Director Raja Shaukat Mahmood said if the supply is affected, a water crisis may arise in Rawalpindi. The areas. that will face great difficulty due to the situation include Pirwadhai, Dhok Hasso, Dhok Mangtal, Shamsabad, and Sadiqabad.
The WASA MD said that the groundwater level in most of these areas has gone down due to which water supply from tube wells is not possible.
Moreover, supply compared to demand has already been reduced by 40 to 50 per cent in Rawalpindi and Chaklala cantonment areas.
Rawalpindi and Chaklala Cantonment Boards have a daily water supply of 11 million gallons from Khanpur Dam while five million gallons of water are available daily from tube wells. However, the demand of citizens has reached 40 million gallons compared to 16 million gallons of daily water supply.
Water resources experts are of the view that the water supply system from Khanpur Dam, Rawal Dam and tube wells in the twin cities has practically failed and there is a danger that the system could completely collapse at any moment because of the ever-increasing demand for water.
The only supply option according to the demand for water for next year is 200 million gallons daily for the twin cities in the first phase before Ghazi Bharuta and in the second phase, this supply can be increased to 400 MGD per day.
The plans to bring water from Ghazi Bharuta to the twin cities have been under consideration for the past 17 years, but the project has not moved beyond the meeting stage.
Published in The Express Tribune, August 26th, 2021.
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text:
Pine Cone Trees
It's easy to turn ordinary pine cones into these unique, sparkly Thanksgiving decorations.
What You'll Need:
- Large pine cones
- Craft glue
- Paper plates or disposable dish
- Shiny glass or plastic beads (about 1/4 inch in size)
For beaded "trees": Set a pine cone upright on newspaper. Pour some white glue in a small dish. Hold a bead with a pair of tweezers and dip it in the glue.
Stick the bead on one of the cone bracts. Keep gluing beads on the cone until it is covered to your liking. Allow to dry.
For glittery "trees": Pour white glue into one paper plate and glitter into another. Roll the cone in glue first, then in glitter. Allow to dry.
If you'd like, you can make winter scenes with your trees. Set them on a sheet of white cotton or quilt batting to represent snow, and add some figurines. You can even use a mirror for a frozen pond and put your trees around it.
On the next page you'll learn how to make a cornucopia of crafts from a cornucopia.


text:
Chylothorax is a rare but serious complication of cardiac surgery. A 64-year-old man with three-vessel disease underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Ten days later he developed left pleural effusion. An intercostal drain was inserted and 1600 ml of pale pink, milky fluid were obtained. The results of biochemical analysis were consistent with chyle. The diagnosis of a left chylothorax was made. Conservative treatment consisting of total parenteral nutrition and pleural drainage was successfully employed. In the literature we found 17 cases in which the development of chylothorax after a coronary revascularization procedure is described.
|Number of pages||4|
|Journal||Italian Heart Journal|
|Publication status||Published - 2001|
- Coronary artery bypass grafting
- Internal thoracic artery
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine


text:
You appear to have a thing about linking the magnetic field generated by Jupiter to that around a black hole (note that a field does not "belong" to an object) - the two things are entirely different, the only connection being that magnetic fields are generated in both cases by currents caused by the motion of charged particles.
In Jupiter's case, the magnetic field is (likely) generated via a dynamo process, involving currents that flow in its metallic hydrogen interior.
In the case of a black hole, as material travels inwards, it forms an accretion disk around the black hole (because angular momentum must be conserved), in which magnetic field can be generated and amplified. The twisting of the magnetic field lines around the rotation axis of the black hole could create a kind of magnetic funnel lined up with the rotation axis, along which charged particles can be accelerated by a strong magnetic field gradient. The field lines would not look like you have shown for Jupiter, they would be twisted into a helical topology along the rotation axis. This is part of the Blandford-Znajek effect, which I do not claim to properly understand.
So the answer to your question is maybe, but its very much a topic of contemporary research.


text:
OTTAWA, August 27 – The Information and Communications Technology Council (ICTC) announced a partnership with Microsoft Canada to help develop a national digital talent strategy for Canada.
"We are very pleased to partner with Microsoft Canada to develop a national digital talent strategy for Canada," said Namir Anani, President and CEO of ICTC. "We are at a critical juncture of economic growth, civic participation, and global positioning enabled by emerging technologies. Heightening Canada's digital talent advantage in a hyper-connected economy will be paramount in ensuring Canada's competitive advantage in the coming years."
Technology's ability to close the opportunity divide and empower a high performing economy is essential, especially in an increasingly global and highly competitive environment. Demographic shifts, global competition, evolving consumer habits and expectations, among many other complex factors, are transforming how businesses operate and how Canadians participate in public and civic life. The key to ensuring that Canada is set up for success is to ensure that there skilled talent to drive innovation and competiveness, as entrepreneurs or as part of the workforce.
"We are pleased to support the ICTC's development of a national digital talent strategy for Canada," said Janet Kennedy, President of Microsoft Canada. "Microsoft believes that technology holds tremendous opportunity for Canadians and will continue to work with Canadian youth, businesses, and governments to build a more innovative, prosperous and safer Canada."
The national digital talent strategy is expected to be released at the end of January 2016. The report will contextualize Canada's digital landscape and labour market needs by 2020, and propose policies and programs to develop Canada's digital talent as a comparative advantage in the global economy. This initiative will leverage ICTC's extensive research, programs, and consultations with leaders from industry, education, and policy makers across Canada.
To participate in the consultation and learn more, please visit: _URL_
About ICTC: The Information and Communications Technology Council (ICTC) is a not-for-profit national center of expertise for the digital economy. Through trusted research, innovative talent solutions, and practical policy advice, ICTC fosters innovative and globally competitive Canadian industries empowered by a talented and diverse digital workforce.
Information and Communications Technology Council (ICTC)


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I have this huge dataframe of 2032 rows and 130 columns and I am iterating over every row of the data_frame to perform some operations. Here's what I get after a few iteration:
Error in '[.data.frame'(a, i) : undefined columns selected
I know that this error occurs if undefined columns are selected, that is if there is a 'missing' column in the data frame.Now is there a quick way in R to check which column is missing?
This is my code. I am trying to plot the ccf between two time series
a = read.table("a.data",row.names=1, header=T)
b = read.table("b.data",row.names=1,header=T)
fileConn = file("max_lag.data")
data='word max_correlation sameword lag_atwhich_maxcorr'
write(data,file="max_lag.data",ncolumns=2, append=TRUE)
for (i in 1:dim(a)[1]) #iterate through the rows of a. dim(a) returns a matrix containing number of rows and columns
{
print (c(i,row.names(a[i])))
tweet = c(t(a[i,])) #convert 1st row to a vector with no dimensions. Needed for ccf to work
query = c(t(b[i,]))
a_ts = ts(tweet)#here freq=1, data have been collected at regular interval of (timewindow=11)minutes.
b_ts = ts(query)
ccfvalues=ccf(a_ts,b_ts,30, main=row.names(a)[i])
dev.copy2pdf(file=paste(row.names(a)[i],".pdf"))
#Find the lag where correlation is maximum
cor = ccfvalues$acf[,,1]
lag = ccfvalues$lag[,,1]
plot(lag,cor,type="o")
res = data.frame(cor,lag)
res_max = res[which(res$cor == max(res$cor)),] #find indices of multiple maxs in a vector
data=paste(row.names(a)[i],res_max)
write(data,file="max_lag.data",ncolumns=2, append=TRUE)
}
I am not referencing the columns of the dataframe, just the rows. But I still get this error, which is what is confusing.
share|improve this question

if (i %in% names(data_frame)) ? – Ben Bolker May 9 '12 at 16:13

Since you didn't provide a reproducible example, I can only guess. If you have your for loop (I assume) print(i) that will show you the column you're referencing that is undefined. However, without knowing more about what you're up to, we can't give you a better answer. If you edit your answer with a small sample of your data (use dput) and the code you're running, I bet you'll find your answer in the process. – Justin May 9 '12 at 16:14

I am not referencing the columns of the dataframe, just the rows. But I still get this error, which is what is confusing. I have added my code in the question above. – tan May 9 '12 at 16:36

I'm trying to figure out what this will look like: res = data.frame(cor,lag), since you are stuffing two matrices into res and then accessing it with "[" and trying to 'write' it. You should use traceback() to see what object is being passed and is throwing the error. – BondedDust May 9 '12 at 17:15
1
please (re)read _URL_-000 about how to create a minimal reproducible example ... – Ben Bolker May 9 '12 at 17:40
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text:
Music the sound of a chord as determined by the selection of the component notes and the way the notes are distributed to the instruments
- The act, practice, or production of one that voices.
- Music Tonal quality or blend of an instrument in an ensemble, especially a jazz ensemble, or of the ensemble as a whole.
- Linguistics The vibration of the vocal cords during the production of speech or a speech sound.
- Present participle of voice.
- (music) the final regulation of the pitch and tone of any sound-producing entity, especially of an organ or similar musical instrument
- (music) a particular arrangement of notes to form a chord.
- (phonetics) the articulatory process in which the vocal cords vibrate
- (phonetics, phonology) a classification of speech sounds that tend to be associated with vocal cord vibration


text:
DocumentFragment is a "lightweight" or "minimal" Document object. It is very common to want to be able to extract a portion of a document's tree or to create a new fragment of a document. Imagine implementing a user command like cut or rearranging a document by moving fragments around. It is desirable to have an object which can hold such fragments and it is quite natural to use a Node for this purpose. While it is true that a Document object could fulfill this role, a Document object can potentially be a heavyweight object, depending on the underlying implementation. What is really needed for this is a very lightweight object. DocumentFragment is such an object.
Furthermore, various operations — such as inserting nodes as children of another Node — may take DocumentFragment objects as arguments; this results in all the child nodes of the DocumentFragment being moved to the child list of this node.
The children of a DocumentFragment node are zero or more nodes representing the tops of any sub-trees defining the structure of the document. DocumentFragment nodes do not need to be well-formed XML documents (although they do need to follow the rules imposed upon well-formed XML parsed entities, which can have multiple top nodes). For example, a DocumentFragment might have only one child and that child node could be a Text node. Such a structure model represents neither an HTML document nor a well-formed XML document.
When a DocumentFragment is inserted into a Document (or indeed any other Node that may take children) the children of the DocumentFragment and not the DocumentFragment itself are inserted into the Node. This makes the DocumentFragment very useful when the user wishes to create nodes that are siblings; the DocumentFragment acts as the parent of these nodes so that the user can use the standard methods from the Node interface, such as insertBefore and appendChild.
Direct Base Classes: AbstractContainerNode
Inherited Functions: addEventListener, appendChild, attributes, autoRelease, bubbleEvent, captureEvent, childNodes, cloneNode, copyNode, dispatchAttrModified, dispatchCharacterDataModified, dispatchEvent, dispatchNodeInserted, dispatchNodeInsertedIntoDocument, dispatchNodeRemoved, dispatchNodeRemovedFromDocument, dispatchSubtreeModified, duplicate, events, eventsSuspended, findAttribute, findElement, findNode, firstChild, getNodeByPath, getNodeByPathNS, getNodeValue, hasAttributeValue, hasAttributes, hasChildNodes, innerText, insertBefore, isSupported, lastChild, localName, namesAreEqual, namespaceURI, nextSibling, nodeName, nodeType, nodeValue, normalize, ownerDocument, parentNode, prefix, previousSibling, release, removeChild, removeEventListener, replaceChild, setNodeValue, setOwnerDocument
const XMLString & nodeName() const;
See also: Poco::XML::AbstractNode::nodeName()
unsigned short nodeType() const;
See also: Poco::XML::Node::nodeType()
See also: Poco::XML::AbstractNode::copyNode()


text: We present new adaptive optics echelle spectra of the near-infrared [Fe II] lines in the redshifted and blueshifted jets from the T Tauri star RW Aur. The spectra have an unprecedented combination of high spatial and spectral resolution that makes it possible to trace the dynamics of the flow to a projected distance of only 10 AU from the source. As noted by previous studies, the redshifted flow is much slower than its fainter blueshifted counterpart. Our observations clearly show that both the radial velocities and the emission line widths are larger closer to the source on both sides of the jet. The line widths are 20% - 30% of the jet velocity on both sides of the flow, significantly larger than would be produced by a divergent constant velocity flow. The observed line widths could arise from a layered velocity structure in the jet or from magnetic waves. A bright knot in the redshifted jet has no concomitant increase in line width, implying that it is not heated by a bow shock. Alternate heating mechanisms include planar shocks, ambipolar diffusion and magnetic reconnection.