Digital Twins and the Future of Practical Education
Project Description
How can digital twins facilitate practical, hybrid education of the future?
COVID has accelerated the adoption of digital and online education. This has opened a Pandora's box of opportunities, challenges, and dilemmas when considering the future of practical, "hands-on," education ("praktijk onderwijs"). Moving into a post-COVID world will mean a new blend of digital and in real life (IRL) interactions. Digital twins can play a role in bridging the physical and digital worlds, as digital twins are digital representations of real life objects, people, processes, etc. that also interact with the real world. In this project, we identified and explored several levels on which digital twins could play a role in practical education: 1) students/educators, 2) campus, and 3) curriculum. We also explored the potential of today's technologies through a series of concepts and experiments when speculating about the role of digital twins in the future of blended education.
We aimed to answer the following questions:
 - What added value can digital twins bring to practical education?
 - How can digital twins facilitate what's missing from many digital interactions such as sense of place, embodiment, or connection?
 - How can digital experiences be elevated to create novel but meaningful experiences?
 - What parts of experience can be and should be IRL versus virtual?
 - What can we learn from experimenting with current technologies including AR/VR solutions?
This project focuses on the Sustainable Development Goals:
Concept 1: Student avatars – adding context to online interactions
The college years are a time for students to experiment with their current and future identities, both on personal as well as professional levels. In practical education, students must learn social skills to effectively interact with their future colleagues, customers, or patients, for example. While representation exclusively through digital means, e.g. video calls, limits interactions, new technologies also offer new ways of expressing and experimenting with identity.
The concept, student avatars, explores how digital technologies can support students to step into, and experiment with, the different professional roles and personal identities they will need to be successful in work and life. Taking a page from gaming, what if students could use avatars to express their creativity or experiment with their persona? Digital twins don't need to track or represent the real identities or features of individuals. These digital twins could be experimental representations or projections of potential selves that can play a crucial role in self-reflection within learning processes.
 - Developing De Bono's hats in Augmented Reality (AR)– We experimented with using Edward de Bono's Six Thinking Hats framework, to inject additional context and self-reflection into video call, team discussions. We worked together with AR artist, Sander Veenhof, to develop custom hat filters that triggered visual awareness and self-reflection on individual and team roles.
 - Experimenting with Gather and Mibo – In addition, we experimented with available platforms such as Gather and Mibo. In these platforms, we explored how the experience of online presence is mediated via alternative digital spaces and self-representations.
Concept 2: The hybrid campus – uniting the physical and digital campus
This concept explores the potential of the hybrid campus. The hybrid campus unites and goes beyond both digital and physical campuses to facilitate a sense of place, shared embodied experiences, and serendipitous encounters toward developing a sense of belonging. The digital twin of a campus is just part of the potential offered by digital spaces. The potential of extending "the real space," e.g. to have infinite meeting spaces or to be able to teleport to alternative locations are all opportunities offered by digital spaces. But, how can participation be equalised whether connecting in person, in virtual reality or via a laptop? For example, to organise future graduation ceremonies so that they can carry a similar weight as in-person ceremonies of the past.
Experiment – Exploring Amsterdam across digital twins of the HVA, Felix Meritus and het Scheepvaartmuseum in (VR) – Together with The New Base, we developed a digital twin of HVA square. There, and in two other locations across Amsterdam, we hosted an event and experiments in VR bringing together some of our teams to meet "in-avatar." In the half-day event, we explored ice-breaking, pitch training, lectures, and VR experiments. Highlights included a dance off and Ethics in XR lecture by Anna Valeri Jelezovskaia.


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If you're the kind of person who found both the book and movie for Confessions of a Shopaholic to be stunningly accurate depictions of the sadness that comes from valuing material possessions too much, a new study from the Journal of Consumer Research has got your back. Researchers have found that the more materialistic you are, the lonelier you get, and vice versa.
The study isolated the three different "subtypes" of materialism that scientists have long rested their research on: acquisition centrality, which is when someone is just a shopaholic type who likes buying things; possession-defined success, when someone is always trying to buy things to keep up with those around them; and acquisition as the pursuit of happiness, which is when people get happy just from the process of trying to buy something – having a goal, so to speak.
This research is notable because it's found a slightly different pattern of behavior than than the work that's been done before was able to:
This research is the ﬁrst to provide evidence that materialism and loneliness form a self-perpetuating cycle with vicious and virtuous sides. Materialism was associated with an increase in loneliness over time, and loneliness was associated with an increase in materialism over time, and this latter effect was notably stronger.
Researchers found that people who fell into possession-defined success were actually falling into a long "materialism-loneliness cycle" where they would get lonelier the more they purchased and then continue purchasing more. But on the flip side, traditional shopoholics actually reported being less lonely over time, and any increase in materialism on the part of the person wasn't related to their feelings of loneliness. So if you just like buying things, it won't make you lonely.
All that being said, if you're single, watch out:
...singles sought happiness by means of material possessions...more than other people did but they appeared to derive less pleasure from acquiring and owning material possessions...and they used them less as a measure of success in life....Thus, singles endorsed items such as "I'd be happier if I could afford to buy more things" more, but they endorsed items such as "Buying things gives me lots of pleasure" and "I like to own things that impress people" less.
Singles seemed to focus on material possessions as a medicine to improve happiness, which was unsuccessful; they were lonelier, and the pursuit of happiness by means of material possessions contributed to the growth of loneliness over time.
There is a solution, one that study author Rik Pieters hasn't thought of: you could just find a Hugh Dancy-type to sweep you off your feet while you're picking out a green scarf and life will be all set.
[via The Atlantic]
Bidirectional Dynamics of Materialism and Loneliness: Not Just a Vicious Cycle [JCR]
Image via Robert Zuckerman/Touchstone Pictures and Jerry Bruchheimer, Inc.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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NCAM canvasses localisation of agric technologies
Kasali, while addressing participants at a course of training on N-Agripreneur in Milling and Threshing Enterprises on Wednesday at the NCAM, said agricultural needs of each geo-political zone should determine the agricultural machines to be made available in such area.
International Fund bankrolled the event for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the NCAM.
According to the NCAM boss, "it is time we commenced distribution of agricultural equipment, especially tools, according to the need of the people.
For instance, what are we doing with tuber related equipment where only grains are planted?
There should not be anything like equal distribution of tools, but distribution according to the needs of the people.
"At NCAM, one of our core mandates is designing and fabrication of agricultural equipment.
As we carry out this function, we are cognisance of the multifarious agricultural belts in the country and so design tools according to their needs and peculiarities.
We expect equitable distribution as well. It is of no use if designed equipment is kept where they are not needed."
Kasali disclosed that the centre had trained personnel who could impart special skills in agric mechanisation and marketing, urging the 95 participants to return to their localities and disseminate the skills to others.
He expressed optimistism that if they became trainers in their communities as expected, post-harvest losses would be minimised.
Earlier, the representative of IFAD-CASP, Mr Bello Achem, described the training as "technically satisfactory," urging the participants to spread the knowledge before they would forget.
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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© 2017 Jewish Books | Judaism | Jewish Religion : Israel Drazin
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By Israel Drazin
Numbers 19 tells how people who became impure because of contact with a dead human must be sprinkled with ashes of a red heifer before they can enter the tabernacle. Among other particulars of the law, verse 9 states, "A man who is clean should gather the ashes of the heifer and lay them outside the camp in a clean place (for future use)" There was a dispute between the Sadducees and Pharisees over what is "clean."
Scholars explain that Sadducee, Tzedukim in Hebrew, denotes the holy ones, and Pharisees, Perushim in Hebrew, indicates separatists or reformers. The Sadducees maintained the ancient traditions, insisted that the Torah be read literally, and said it says what it says, nothing more. Pharisees disagreed: Torah shouldn't be taken literally; there is an ancient tradition called the Oral Law that informs how to read the text. For example, although the Torah says "an eye for an eye" – if one pokes out another's eye, he loses his own – the Pharisees said the words signify money. Similarly, when the Torah states do not boil a calf in its mother's milk, it forbids eating dairy and meat products together, and one can consume meat a short time after dairy but must wait longer to eat dairy after meat.
Scholars maintain that Judeans, as they were called at the time, followed the Sadducean approach until they came in contact with the Greeks in the fourth century BCE, when the Pharisaic movement began.
Sadducees interpreted verse 9's "A man who is clean should gather the ashes" literally: he could not be ritually unclean (impure). Despite the clear wording, as they did with the above mentioned examples, Pharisees maintained that they had an Oral Law that the man could be unclean. And they went further. They insisted that their view must be publicized so that people would know that the Sadducean approach to Judaism is wrong. They therefore instituted the practice that the man who gathered the ashes would be publically made unclean before he gathered the ashes.
The Pharisees used this technique of developing practices to demonstrate that Sadducean views are wrong many times. Shabbat candles are an example. Exodus 35:3 states: lo teva'aru eish b'khol moshveikhem b'yom hashabat. Sadducees defined teva'aru as "burn" and translated the verse: "You may not burn a fire in all of your habitations on the sabbath day" and sat in darkness on the sabbath. Pharisees, who sought ways to make laws more lenient, translated teva'aru as "kindle." They prohibited creating a fire, but if the fire already existed one could enjoy its light and heat. To demonstrate that the Sadducee position is wrong, Pharisees developed the custom of lighting candles just before the sabbath and keeping it lit for at least a short period during the sabbath.
 As stated above, Maimonides explained in his Guide of the Perplexed 3:47 that nothing really happens to a person who comes in contact with a dead body that can't be remedied by using soap and water. The purpose of this command is to minimize the opportunities for the Israelites to visit the tabernacle, for overuse reduces the impact that the tabernacle should have.
Many traditionalists insist that the Sadducees broke off from the Pharisees and that the later followed the Oral Law that was given by God to Moses at Sinai. They define Tzedukim as descendants of Tzadok from whose family high priests were chosen for some generations. However, the high priests during the period of Pharisees and Sadducees were not from this family and Sadducees would not refer to the ancient practice which would have been an embarrassment since the high priests should have been from this family. They define Perushim as those who explain the Torah. Many if not most of the laws in the Oral Law can be dated to the post-biblical period.
 Why did the Pharisees change the laws? Rabbi Dr. Binyamin Lau offers many examples of the changes and the different reasons for them in his three-book series The Sages. Among other reasons are the changes in circumstances. Hillel had to allow loans to continue in force after the Shemita year despite the Bible saying differently; otherwise people would stop lending money. Another reason is a change in outlook. This is why "eye for an eye" was later understood as monetary compensation. Some of the new laws, however, created hardships, such as the law forbidding mixing meat and dairy products and laws instituted to "create a fence around the Torah," laws designed to keep Jews a distance from the possibility of violating what the rabbis considered a Torah law, such as forbidding touching a lamp lest one forgets and accidently extinguishes it.
 See Mishna Para 3:7 and Maimonides explanation of it.
 See Mishna Menachot 10:3 for another example.


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Longitudinal data provides the opportunity to study the evolution of New Zealand families and to determine the impact of family background and circumstances on child development and family functioning.
It assesses five studies:
- The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, Dunedin School of Medicine
- The Christchurch Health and Development Study, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Services
- The Pacific Islands Families Study, Auckland University of Technology
- Best Outcomes for Māori, Te Hoe Nuku Roa, Massey University
- The Survey of Family, Income and Employment, Statistics New Zealand
- The Longitudinal Immigration Survey: New Zealand, Department of Labour.
- It briefly examines four additional studies:
- The Competent Children Project, New Zealand Council for Educational Research
- Te Rerenga ā Te Pīrere, New Zealand Council for Educational Research
- The Youth Connectedness Project, Roy McKenzie Centre, the Health Services Research Centre and the New Zealand Council for Educational Research
- The Canterbury Suicide Project, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Services.
This report was completed for the Families Commission by Michelle Poland and Jaimie Legge


text:
Learn about this topic in these articles:
development by Curtiss
The addition of a retractable landing wheel gear to a float seaplane or flying boat, also accomplished by Curtiss, created the amphibian aircraft capable of operating from land runways or water. A post-World War II development was the pantobase, or all-base, airplane incorporating devices for operating from water or from a variety of unprepared surfaces such as snow, ice, mud, and sod.
...takeoff from or landing in water. These include floatplanes, which are fitted with pontoons for operation on water; flying boats, in which the fuselage also serves as a hull for water travel; and amphibians, which are equipped to land on and take off from both land and water.


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Okinawa Prefecture anticipates 30% lower mango production in 2012
July 1, 2012 Ryukyu Shimpo
On June 29, the Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Department Horticulture Center announced that the 2012 mango production forecast anticipates a figure of 1036 tons, a 33.8% decline from the previous year and the lowest level of shipment in the ten years since 2003.
The Horticulture Center explains that the 40 to 60% reduction in mangoes is because of last year's typhoons, the high temperatures in October and November, and the reduced levels of sunlight from November to February. The low temperatures during the period of bloom in March and April and the slow pollination of flowers by insects also caused crop failure in some areas.
The forecast production levels by district are 310 tons, a 20.7% decline, in the northern region, 57 tons, a 38.7% decline, in the central region, 289 tons, a 37.0% decline, in the southern region, 274 tons, a 47.3% decline in the Miyako region, and 106 tons, a 2.9% increase in the Yaeyama region.
As a countermeasure, farmers were instructed to increase the fruit-setting from one fruit per branch to two or three fruits per branch. Also, a greenhouse facility check-up for typhoons and drainage maintenance will be conducted.
(English translation by T&CT, Megumi Chibana and Mark Ealey)
Previous Article:TransAsia Airways launches regular charter flights between Naha and Taipei
Next Article:Okinawa Governor tells Defense Minister: "If the governments bulldoze their way to deploy the Osprey, all U.S. bases will be closed immediately."
- Sugar production season kicks off in Okinawa
- Processing of sugarcane starts – lowest output since Okinawa's reversion
- Pumpkin production revives
- Almost half of the driftage in Okinawa washes ashore on Miyako Islands
- TAKI Farm to produce large volumes of Ryukyu Wood Ear (Auricularia auricula-judae) edible fungus in Nishihara


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A TEXTBOOK on scientific ethics that begins with a primer on inductive reasoning and ends with university guidelines for research conduct sounds dull, but David Goodstein has created an entertaining book studded with laugh-out-loud moments.
After a careful explanation of what fraud is, and what it is not, he provides several case studies of both. The most interesting concerns cold fusion, which he shows to have been bad science - but not fraud, because there was no deceit. His second study is of high-temperature superconductivity, which was also not fraudulent, even though it violated established beliefs in physics and cannot be completely explained.
Goodstein provides several examples of out-and-out deceit as well. The fascinating aspect to their stories is the epilogues: some convicted fraudsters disappear from science, but one has gone on to head a prestigious institute. Goodstein's candour and humour make this book a delight to read, and he's...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Dynamic deflection equipment presents a very practical and cost-effective approach for nondestructive testing and evaluation of pavement-subgrade systems. The in situ Young's moduli are calculated by the inverse application of layered elastic theory to the measured dynamic deflection data. This paper discusses some of the fallacies associated with this iterative approach. The calculated moduli are user dependent and nonunique if the user inputs the initial set of moduli to start iteratives. A proven methodology to ensure uniqueness of the moduli is the generation of seed moduli as the function of measured deflections and radial distances of the sensors. The FPEDD1 (for pavements with asphalt concrete surfacings) and RPEDD1 (for rigid pavements) computer programs incorporate this methodology. The predictive equations used to generate seed moduli are based on numerous layered theory solutions and are therefore applicable to any region and soil condition.
This paper describes the approaches used in these programs to estimate nonlinear moduli for granular layers and subgrade soil, and considers rock layers. Examples are presented for in situ material properties from dynamic deflection data measured on a variety of pavementsubgrade systems. It is shown that an appropriate analysis technique yields comparable pavement moduli from the dynamic deflection data measured by vibratory or impulse loading equipment.


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HISTORY OF VINTAGE HANDBAG The Birth of the Bag 1900- Dorothy bag
HISTORY OF VINTAGE HANDBAG
The Birth of the Bag 1900-
We introduced Edwardian Lady of 1900 yesterday, here we
Describe Dorothy bag:
Dorothy bag was used for more intimate occasions, such as at home a circle of dress fabric gathered together by a drawstring at the top to create a frilled opening, they were pretty concoctions of sequined net with a lace insertion, decorated with beadwork or embroidered flowers.
The bags were related in type and construction to the nineteenth century needlework bag, and named after Dorothy, the eponymous heroine of A J Munby's play of the 1880s.
Fine sewing was a customary activity of the house bound housewife, and this often included the making of a needlework bag, finished off with a pair of store bought handles.
However, the more complex and sophisticated needlework bags were manufactured in Austria, well know for the production of fine needlepoint and petit poit evening bags.
Professional embroiderers would transfer images from classical paintings and prints onto a gauze backing by the means of a cardboard grid.
More than 500 shades of silk thread and several thousand stitches per inch went into the making of the bag, which would then be attached to a jeweled or enameled frame.
We will introduce Mesh Bag to-morrow.


DOC HOME SITE MAP MAN PAGES GNU INFO SEARCH PRINT BOOK

ares_expand_string(3)
ARES_EXPAND_NAME(3) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS ARES_EXPAND_NAME(3)
NAME
 ares_expand_string - Expand a length encoded string
SYNOPSIS
 #include <ares.h>
 int ares_expand_string(const unsigned char *encoded,
 const unsigned char *abuf, int alen,
 long *enclen)
DESCRIPTION
 The ares_expand_string function converts a length encoded
 string to a NUL-terminated C string. The argument encoded
 gives the beginning of the encoded string, and the arguments
 abuf and alen give the containing message buffer (necessary
 for the processing of indirection pointers within the
 encoded domain name). The result is placed in a NUL-
 terminated allocated buffer, a pointer to which is stored in
 the variable pointed to by s. The length of the encoded
 string is stored in the variable pointed to by enclen so
 that the caller can advance past the encoded string to read
 further data in the message.
RETURN VALUES
 ares_expand_string can return any of the following values:
 ARES_SUCCESS Expansion of the encoded string succeeded.
 ARES_EBADSTR The encoded string was malformed and could
 not be expanded.
 ARES_ENOMEM Memory was exhausted.
SEE ALSO
 ares_free_string(3)
AUTHOR
 Dominick Meglio
 Last change: 20 Nov 2009 1
Man(1) output converted with man2html


text:
Bakers and Basques
A Social History of Bread in Mexico
Publication Year: 2012
Mexico City's colorful panaderías (bakeries) have long been vital neighborhood institutions. They were also crucial sites where labor, subsistence, and politics collided. From the 1880s well into the twentieth century, Basque immigrants dominated the bread trade, to the detriment of small Mexican bakers. By taking us inside the panadería, into the heart of bread strikes, and through government halls, Robert Weis reveals why authorities and organized workers supported the so-called Spanish monopoly in ways that countered the promises of law and ideology. He tells the gritty story of how class struggle and the politics of food shaped the state and the market. More than a book about bread, Bakers and Basques places food and labor at the center of the upheavals in Mexican history from independence to the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution.
Published by: University of New Mexico Press
Download PDF (49.1 KB)
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Financial support for the research and writing of this book came from the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS), the Reed Smith Fellowship, the UC Davis History Department, the Jarena D. Wright Scholarship, the UC Davis Hemispheric Institute on the Americas,...
Download PDF (958.8 KB)
A young bakery worker, maybe ten years old, appears in a photograph from 1930. He stands in the passage that divides the retail section of the panadería (bakery) from the workroom in back. Thin and dark, he is dressed in an apron and cloth hairnet and looks at the camera somewhat timidly out of the corner of his eye,...
1: "Zelo y desvelo": The Bread Monopoly and Late Colonial Market Reforms
Download PDF (103.6 KB)
A black slave, owned by Hernán Cortés, allegedly planted Mexico's first wheat after he found three grains at the bottom of a rice sack. A single grain yielded 180; soon, wrote the sixteenth-century chronicler Francisco López de Gómara, "there was infinite wheat." Cortés established the Santo Domingo Mill...
2: "A system that offends the hands of brothers": Small Bakers and the Free Market in Independent Mexico
Download PDF (133.6 KB)
The leaders of independent Mexico explicitly followed the late Bourbon model of free market with limited government oversight. They continued the search for a balance between releasing the supposedly innate dynamism of competition and curbing the equally innate greed of merchants and producers....
3: "An uncle in America": Chain Migration and the Spanish Monopoly
Download PDF (1003.6 KB)
Few Spaniards took part in the "invasion of pastry chefs" of the 1850s. But a decade later, immigrants from northern Spain, particularly the Basque province of Navarre, slowly began to arrive in Mexico City and venture into the bread trade. By the 1890s, they had become owners of most of the city's panaderías....
4: "Dough Kneaded with Blood"
Download PDF (1.1 MB)
Gendarme No. 905 was at his downtown post near the Plazuela Aguilita around 11:30 p.m. when he heard a tremendous crash and a voice calling for help. He ran down the street and entered La Florida, the flour mill that Pedro Albaitero and José Arrache had established the year before....
5: "We have no bread": Hunger, Opportunity, and War
Download PDF (1.0 MB)
At the high point of the revolution's violence, in fall of 1915, Coronel Ignacio C. Enríquez, interim president of Mexico City, ordered his subaltern Pablo des Georges to take the next day's train to San Andrés Chalchicomula, Puebla, where he was to pick up four thousand cargas (around 710 tons)...
6: The Bakers' Revolution
Download PDF (151.5 KB)
The bakers' revolution began in 1915, when the civil war brought the worst misery on the city, five years after the initial outbreak of violence in other parts of the country. It was no accident that bakers formed their union while residents were suffering hunger. Workers, who felt the crisis disproportionately,...
7: Unionists, Tlalchicholes, and Canasteros
Download PDF (938.7 KB)
The Spanish monopoly had proven itself to be an essential partner of the governments that emerged in the revolution and its aftermath. Hunger coincided with the brutal factional battles, and the government's ability to see that people were fed became a crucial sign of political legitimacy....
Download PDF (53.6 KB)
In the mural in the Abelardo L. Rodríguez Market, chubby capitalists count money they have extracted from workers whom artificial scarcities have reduced to walking skeletons. Placed anywhere else, the mural would be a simple denunciation of inequality, an accusation that the rich profited from the hunger of the poor....
Download PDF (216.2 KB)
Download PDF (213.3 KB)
Download PDF (72.9 KB)
Page Count: 232
Illustrations: 5 halftones, 6 tables
Publication Year: 2012


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Edited by Semir Zeki and Oliver Goodenough, Law and the Brain is a wonderful collection of fourteen essays that examine a range of topics at the intersection of law and neurobiology. Although neurotransdiscipline texts, collections, and journal symposia abound, what makes Law and the Brain so special is its focus on the special challenges raised by the neuroscience-policy interface. These challenges flow from basic differences in the orientation of the brain and brain science, on the one hand, and the law on the other hand.
47 Jurimetrics 377 (2007).
Tovino, Stacey A., "Book Review: "Law and the Brain"" (2007). Scholarly Works. Paper 395.


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Vapor Sorption Analyzer.
The VSA can generate isotherms of a product or ingredient. The isotherm can be uploaded to the Aqualab3 water activity measuring device, allowing for determination of water activity and moisture content of a sample within 5 minutes.
It is a very precise piece of equipment and the knowledge generated from the analysis can be used to strengthen product-development, product optimization, predictive shelf-life test and provide in depth understanding of specific powder behaviors, such as glass transition and other critical parameters.
It can also help choosing the right type of packaging material for a product, based on water vapor transmission rates.


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The skull, a human skull, was perched atop a crumbly boulder in the remote northern reaches of the Nepalese district of Mustang. Pete Athans, the leader of an interdisciplinary team of mountaineers and archaeologists, stepped into his harness and tied himself to a rope. He scrambled up the 20-foot boulder, belayed by another climber, Ted Hesser.
When he reached the skull, he pulled on blue latex gloves to prevent his DNA from contaminating the find, and gradually removed it from the rubble. Athans was almost certainly the first person to hold this skull in 1,500 years. Dirt spilled from the eye cavities. He placed it in a padded red bag and lowered it to three scientists waiting below: Mark Aldenderfer of the University of California, Merced; Jacqueline Eng of Western Michigan University; and Mohan Singh Lama of Nepal's Department of Archaeology.
Good long article. I recall this from some time ago, but not the context.


note BrowserUk What most the responses so far seem to have missed is that the cast of the in-ram [split]ing and [join]ing of records, pales into insignificance when compared to the time required for the read-a-record, write-a-record flip-flopping of the read head back and forth across the disk. There are two possible ways to speed up your processing: Overlap the [split]ing & [join]ing with either the reading or the writing (or both). This can be achieved by using two or more threads or processes. Read and write larger chunks of the file to minimise the number of seeks the read heads need to make. Interleaving 80GB/4k = 20 million reads, and (~) 200,000 write means (at least) 400,000 track to track seeks. If you increase the read & write chunk sizes to 1MB each, that can be reduced to ~1,500 track to track seeks. Try these: #! perl -sw use strict; our $B //= 64; $B *= 1024; my $ibuf = ''; while( sysread( *STDIN, $ibuf, $B, length $ibuf ) ) { my $p = 1+rindex( $ibuf, "\n" ); my $rem = substr( $ibuf, $p ); substr( $ibuf, $p ) = ''; open my $RAM, '<', \$ibuf; print while <$RAM>; $ibuf = $rem; } #! perl -sw use strict; our $B //= 64; $B *= 1024; my $obuf; while( <> ) { my _USER_ = split chr(9); $obuf.= join( chr(9), _USER_[2,0,5] ). "\n"; if( length( $obuf ) > $B ) { print $obuf; $obuf = ''; } } print $obuf; ## Corrected C&P error. See [lotus1]'s post below. Usage: ibuf -B=1024 < in.tsv | -B=1024 > out.tsv. Based on my experiments, it might be possible to more than halve your processing time, though YMMV. Experiment with adjusting the -B=nnn (in kbs) parameters up & down in unison and independently to find the sweet spot on your system. Be aware, bigger is not always better. 1024 for both seems to work quite well on my system, anything larger slows it down. With the rise and rise of 'Social' network sites: 'Computers are making people easier to use everyday' Examine what is said, not who speaks -- Silence betokens consent -- Love the truth but pardon error. "Science is about questioning the status quo. Questioning authority". In the absence of evidence, opinion is indistinguishable from prejudice. _PHONE_ _PHONE_


Add Storage Systems to ViPR
Table of Contents
Overview
ViPR System Administrators can learn how to add storage systems to ViPR. Each of the following articles provide the ViPR support requirements, the prerequisite information to prepare the storage system for ViPR integration, and the steps to add a storage system to ViPR.
This article applies to EMC ViPR 2.0.
This article is part of a series.
You can add storage systems to ViPR anytime. If however, you are adding physical and virtual assets to the ViPR Controller virtual data center for the first time, complete the following steps before attempting to run a service operation.
 1. Add physical assets to ViPR:
 2. Create ViPR virtual assets:
 1. Create and configure a virtual array
 2. Create virtual pools:
Back to Top


text:
The Irian Jaya training RAP was made possible with funding from the Smart Family Foundation, The MacArthur Foundation, and USAID.
Special thanks to CI's Irian Jaya and Indonesia programs, the University of Cenderawasih, the Irian Jaya Environmental Foundation, and Dewan Adat Mamberamo Raya.
Irian Jaya Training Rapid Assessment Program (RAP)
The biological diversity of Irian Jaya is extremely high and unique, but virtually unstudied. To collect biodiversity data to fill this knowledge gap and contribute to conservation planning, CI's RAP program is conducting its second expedition to Irian Jaya. On this expedition they will also conduct a training course for local scientists.
Expert biologists will train Indonesian participants in rapid biodiversity assessment methods for six taxonomic groups. The hands-on training course will lead to an actual scientific survey of birds, insects, freshwater fish, mammals, herpetofauna and vegetation.
Yongsu and the Mamberamo River basin, Irian Jaya, Indonesia
Located in the western portion of the world's highest and largest tropical island, Irian Jaya is considered the last great rainforest wilderness in Indonesia. The province's range of altitudes (from sea level to the highest mountains in the Asia-Pacific region) helps to create an extraordinary array of ecosystems, biodiversity, and endemic species (those species found nowhere else in the world).
This island treasure is at risk, however, from land conversion, which is ascribed to logging, transmigration, plantation agriculture, mining, oil and gas operations, the introduction of alien (non-native) species, and infrastructure projects such as dams and roads.
August 19 - September 15, 2000
From August 19 to August 30, more than 20 participants will take part in the training course. Then six participants will join the expert biologists in the Mamberamo River basin to conduct a rapid biodiversity assessment from September 1-15.
August 19-30, 2000: Yongsu Research Camp
August 31, 2000: Jayapura
September 1-7, 2000: Furu River Site in the Mamberamo River Basin
September 8-15, 2000: Tiri River Site in the Mamberamo River Basin
September 16-18, 2000: Sentani
International Team of Scientists and Indonesian Participants Conservation biologists from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Netherlands, and the United States will teach participants from Indonesian universities, non-government organizations (NGOs), and government organizations. Meet the team >>
Objectives of the Biological RAP training in Irian Jaya
- To build capacity among Indonesian biologists in methods for rapid biological assessments, in data analysis and in report preparation.
- To collect biological data, which is currently severely lacking, and to build an understanding of ecological processes and biodiversity of Irian Jaya and the Mamberamo River basin specifically.
- To create a framework for further conservation recommendations about the areas surveyed to decision-makers.
- To publish the results and make them available to decision-makers, stakeholders, scientists, and other interested parties.
LEARN MORE: Find more information about RAP training and adventures studying biodiversity.


text:
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An eye tracking method and an automatic focusing algorithm is proposed to acquire clear eye images in the eye- gaze tracking system. The aperture of CCD lens is controlled to adapt the system to external lighting circumstances based of the average brightness values of the processed images. A SMD operator is used for focusing roughly and quickly in a large scale for obtaining the eye glints to control a pan-tilt unit for eye aiming and eye tracking, and regulating the focus of the lens. The FSWM operator is applied in the determined window to focus automatically for clear images. If the pupil can be extracted from the image, the average gradient of the edge points can be used for real-time focusing. Experiments show that this system can track the eye and acquire clear eye images in real-time.


text:
One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
In a manner that causes sadness.'Mrs Lynde spoke depressingly'as submodifier 'the story is becoming depressingly familiar'as sentence adverb 'depressingly, I have to agree with Eric on the likely political reaction to this problem'
- 'The problems are depressingly similar in every industry I have observed: forced overtime, discrimination, and sexual harassment.'
- 'The experience sounded depressingly like something out of an extremely bad novel.'
- 'Not only is this article very astute in my opinion, but so depressingly true in what it suggests.'
- 'A BBC editor found himself depressingly bombarded with questions from young composition students which all revealed their obsession to discover in what'style' they should be writing.'
- 'It's the sole bright note in a depressingly conventional new suburb.'
- 'The Convention was wound up in 1976, depressingly little having been achieved.'
- 'More depressingly, the proper spirit of real commerce was now missing from the streets of lower Manhattan.'
- 'Today, although the country is picking up the pieces and starting over, the job market is still depressingly bleak.'
- 'Your book ended depressingly.'
- 'Depressingly, even the cuts that do gain media attention seem to have certain aspects that remain hidden.'
Top tips for CV writingRead more
In this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot-on CV.


text:
Second grade students' interpretations of various representations depicting part-part-whole relationships
Metadata[+] Show full item record
[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Through a cross-case analysis this study characterizes second-grade students' interpretations of mathematical representations (i.e., contextual situations, equations, part-part-whole diagrams, and open number lines) that depict part-part-whole relationships, and relates students' interpretations to their level of strategy development as indicated by a problem solving assessment. Data were collected from 10 students in a single second-grade classroom. Three main clusters of students' interpretations were identified: (a) viewing representations as final solutions (e.g., representations with missing values were unacceptable), (b) focusing interpretations of representations on location, sequence, or the meaning of operations (e.g., match the order of numbers or direct action of problem), and (c) interpreting representations using fact families or mathematical properties (e.g., applying commutativity or inverse relationships). For the 10 students in this study, a student's strategy development did not correspond to the students' cluster assignments. These data provide significant implications for all levels of teacher development, curriculum design, and assessment.
Access is limited to the campus of the University of Missouri--Columbia.


text:
The RelateStrong program helps facilitate group sessions to build and strengthen relationships with spouses, couples, family, friends, colleagues, and within the Body of Christ. The manuals are tailored for both couples and individuals, and are now available in Spanish, Chinese and Korean!
RelateStrong | Leadership Series
The RelateStrong | Leadership Series provides videos, workbooks, and other resources designed to help Christian leaders facilitate productive and helpful conversations about difficult topics. We apply RelateStrong's Pain and Peace cycles framework to address anxiety, addiction, connecting with adolescents, physical intimacy, pornography, marriage, singleness, and self-care.
Relationship IQ Curriculum
The Relationship IQ curriculum helps academic institutions, campus ministries, churches, and other organizations talk with young adults about relationships. The lessons are easy to lead, very interactive, and highly relevant and applicable to young adults.


Divide large number represented as string in C++ Program
In this tutorial, we are going to learn how to divide a large number that is represented as a string.
We have given a large number in string format and a divisor. Our program should find a reminder.
First, we will find a part of the given number that is greater than the dividend. And then we will add the remaining digits one by one to the divisor.
Let's see the steps to solve the problem.
 - Initialize the large number along with a divisor.
 - Iterate over the given number until we extract the part that is greater than the divisor.
 - Now, iterate from where we left in the previous step until the end of the number.
 - Divide the extracted part with a divisor and add it to the result.
 - Update the number with the next digit.
 - Check whether the result is zero or not.
 - And print the result.
Example
Let's see the code.
 Live Demo
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
string divideLargeNumber(string number, int divisor) {
 // to store the result
 string result;
 int index = 0;
 // extracting the part that is greater than the given divisor
 int dividend = number[index] - '0';
 while (dividend < divisor) {
 dividend = dividend * 10 + (number[++index] - '0');
 }
 // iterating until all digits participate in the division
 while (number.size() > index) {
 result += (dividend / divisor) + '0';
 // adding the next digit to the dividend
 dividend = (dividend % divisor) * 10 + number[++index] - '0';
 }
 if (result.length() == 0) {
 return "0";
 }
 return result;
}
int main() {
 string large_number = "12345678901234567890";
 int divisor = 75;
 cout << divideLargeNumber(large_number, divisor) << endl;
 return 0;
}
Output
If you execute the above program, then you will get the following result.
164609052016460905
Conclusion
If you have any queries in the tutorial, mention them in the comment section.
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Produce Safety Training
Diane Hirsch working with produce prior to a UConn Extension food safety training. Photo: Cameron Faustian
Photo credit: Cameron Faustman
Some medium to larger Connecticut farms need to comply with the Produce Safety Rule (PSR). This includes taking an approved food safety course, implementing certain practices that can minimize risk, and keeping records related to those practices. The Connecticut Department of Agriculture conducts a variety of activities related to implementation of the rule, including developing an inspection program that meets the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
UConn Extension conducts approved Produce Safety Alliance grower food safety courses and provides information and resources to help farms comply. Training details can be found at http://
Both the Department of Agriculture and Extension are encouraging all farmers to take the course, whether they need to comply with the PSR or if they are exempt or not covered by the rule. Awareness of how produce can contribute to foodborne illness and how to implement safe food handling practices on the farm benefits the industry and its customers.
Article by Diane Wright Hirsch
Cold Storage: A Sustainable Way to Preserve the Harvest
By Diane Wright Hirsch, MPH
Senior Extension Educator/Food Safety
cold storage procedure at home for fruits and vegetables
Photo Credit: NAL/USDA
A young couple I know if looking to buy their first house. She prefers older homes with character, he wants space for a big garden. They came upon an older home with a dirt basement floor….I immediately thought that it might be a good candidate for a root cellar. In earlier times, when many people grew their own food, lived miles from the nearest grocery store, and did not have the benefit of electricity or refrigeration, they often stored some fruits and vegetables for the winter in root cellars or outdoor cold storage areas or pits.
Today it can be difficult to use the basement for storage as many of us now use our basements as living spaces. We may have furnaces, boilers or woodstoves in our cellars—instead of dirt floors and cold storage shelves. We do everything we can to keep out the dampness. And houses are built to retain heat in order to save energy. And, of course, in general, Connecticut temperatures seem to be warmer longer into late fall and early winter, than they used to be. All of this means that we just have to be a bit more creative if we want to store our late summer/fall crops into mid-winter.
You should recognize that "ideal" storage conditions for many vegetables are not attainable around the average home. Commercial cold storage options often involve a modified or controlled atmosphere, reducing the oxygen and increasing the carbon dioxide level, while high humidity is maintained in an air−tight, refrigerated storage room. It is important to understand that these conditions cannot be achieved at home…your home-stored apples will not be equal to the quality of a store-bought apple in January or February.
That said, there are many lower-tech options for storing apples and other foods at home. You just have to remember to follow the rules!
 - Pay attention to and monitor temperature, humidity and air flow;
 - Keep fruits away from vegetables (fruits release ethylene which speeds the ripening process of vegetables);
 - Minimize the effects of strong smelling vegetables such as onions, cabbage or rutabagas.
Outdoor Storage
Some vegetables can be stored outdoors—or even remain in your garden, if well protected. Root crops including carrots, parsnips and turnips can remain in the garden, if rodents are not an issue. A well-drained location is essential as a muddy puddle does not do much for your stored carrots. Once the ground is cold, or begins to freeze, protect the vegetables from frost and fluctuating temperatures with insulating materials such as clean straw, hay, dry leaves, corn stalks, or wood shavings, and some soil.
Mounds or pits are a good way to store cabbage and root crops, such as carrots, beets, celery root, kohlrabi, rutabagas, turnips, and winter radishes. Use a well-drained location, and cover the ground with insulating mulch. Vegetables keep very well in pits and mounds, but once these storage areas are opened all the produce should be removed. After it's removed, the produce will keep for 1 or 2 weeks at most: use it up quickly or cook and freeze for longer storage. If rodents are a problem, try burying a 20-gallon trash can in the ground. Several small holes should be made in the bottom to allow for drainage (keeping in mind that rodents may be able to get through a dime sized hole).
Indoor Storage
A Connecticut home—especially an older one—offers several options for winter storage of fruits and vegetables. You could use a breezeway, a shed, a Bilco-type basement door area or a garage that is not used for storing your automobile, lawn equipment or chemicals that may affect the flavor of your stored produce. You may be lucky enough to live in a house with an old root cellar or a cellar that does not warm up too much when the furnace gets turned on. Check the room temperature to make sure that the area is cool enough (32˚F–60˚F) and be sure that the temperature does not fluctuate too much. The relative humidity (moisture in the air) of these locations will also affect what type of produce can be stored. Some produce (garlic, onions) store better in dry conditions, while others (apples, root crops) prefer conditions to be more humid.
A pantry, attic, or unheated room is useful for short-term storage of potatoes and onions as long as there is no danger of freezing. Low storage temperatures extend the shelf life of dried foods, such as dried beans, herbs, dried fruits and vegetables. A warm storage area, such as an attic, can be a good environment in the fall for drying herbs, beans, walnuts, or hickory nuts.
A well-ventilated basement with central heating is generally dry and has a temperature range of 50˚F to 60˚F. It may be used for ripening tomatoes and for short-term storage of pumpkins, winter squash, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and onions.
Managing your storage area
Once everything is stored away, you will need to monitor your storage areas, paying attention to temperature (can be made cooler or warmer with ventilating windows that can be opened and shut); humidity (a relative humidity of 90%–95% is very moist and good for storage of potatoes and other root crops. A relative humidity of 60%–75% is dry and good for storage of pumpkins and other squash). Check the storage area at least weekly. Look for evidence of rodents. Check to see that produce is still dry. Remove and discard anything that is rotten or moldy.
Food safety and cold storage
Exploding pressure canners and botulism scares can keep folks away from canning, but cold storage is pretty much risk free. If it doesn't work, you will see, feel or smell that your food has spoiled—and you will not eat it! Cold storage temperatures also slow the growth of spoilage organisms and enzymatic action (causes over-ripening and rotting). However, there are a few food safety hazards you should pay attention to.
First, be sure to use storage containers that are food-grade. Never use drums, garbage cans or containers that might have held garbage, pesticides or other chemicals. Be sure that the insulating materials used are not contaminated with pesticides or manure. These should be new materials and should be used only once as they will become contaminated with mold and bacteria.
An important risk to consider is that when using cold storage, particularly outdoor storage options, you need to be wary of the presence of rodents or the pesky neighborhood raccoon. Be sure to inspect the inside and outside of the root cellar. Look for gaps (even very small ones) between the ceiling and walls, walls and floors and around any air vents or windows. Search areas around vents, joints between the walls and roof and the area under the cellar. Patch any cracks or gaps around pipes or plug openings with steel wool. Use storage containers that animals cannot chew through, such as metal, plastic or tightly woven mesh with openings smaller than ¼ inch. Secure the top of the containers in the cellar or the lids of buried containers so that they cannot be opened by animals.
When you are ready to use your fruits and vegetables during the winter months, inspect everything you take out. While small amounts of mold can be removed from hard fruits and vegetables such as potatoes, generally, if there is mold, we recommend tossing it out. Mold toxins have been associated with allergic reactions and some are cancer causing agents. Wash everything thoroughly with water and a scrub brush before eating.
Finally, at the end of the season, be sure to clean all containers and the room itself in order to reduce the presence of molds and bacteria.
For more information about managing a cold storage area and a storage chart for specific fruits and vegetables, search for the following article, which was used as a source: Storing Vegetables and Fruits at Home, from Washington State University Extension, or contact the Home and Garden Education Center at or _PHONE_.
FoodCorps Making an Impact
FoodCorps service members
Our FoodCorps Connecticut service members are making a large impact across the state!
Since September 1st:
The 15 superstar service members have interacted with 6257 students!
They have harvested 355.25 lbs


s ASCII representation into the m_messageData member, get a GCHandle that points to it as m_messageHandle and then stuff that into our m_data. We also want to make sure that we don't leak if someone sets the message twice. The get accessor is a lot simpler – it just converts the m_messageData bytes back to a string. So the Message property looks like this:
public string Message
{
 set
 {
 // see if we already have allocated data
 if (m_messageHandle.IsAllocated)
 {
 m_messageHandle.Free();
 }
 // null check for safety
 if (value == null)
 {
 m_messageData = null;
 return;
 }
 // get the ASCII representation of the passed-in value (plus a null terminator)
 m_messageData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value + ");
 // pin it
 m_messageHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(m_messageData, GCHandleType.Pinned);
 // store the address of the pinned object into our 'struct'
 IntPtr dataPointer = m_messageHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject();
 byte[] pointerBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(dataPointer.ToInt32());
 Buffer.BlockCopy(pointerBytes, 0, m_data, MESSAGE_PTR_OFFSET, MESSAGE_PTR_LENGTH);
 // store the length
 short length = (short)m_messageData.Length;
 Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(length), 0, m_data, LENGTH_OFFSET, LENGTH_LENGTH);
 }
 get
 {
 // only return a string is something is allocated
 if (m_messageHandle.IsAllocated)
 {
 // create a string, stripping the null terminator
 return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(m_messageData, 0, m_messageData.Length).TrimEnd(new char[] {"});
 }
 else
 {
 return null;
 }
 }
}
Lastly we need to make sure our class itself doesn't leak when it's destroyed. My solution is simple – a Finalizer:
~MESSAGE_INFO()
{
 // free the GCHandle if necessary
 if (m_messageHandle.IsAllocated)
 {
 m_messageHandle.Free();
 }
 m_messageData = null;
}
Yes, implementing Dispose might be a better way to go, but this is less code, and again we're looking at marshaling, not implementing best practices (and I see nothing wrong with a Finalizer for this anyway).
That's it. You're done. When run, you'll get something like this:
Download the full solution source here (note I included several SDKs and built and tested with one you probably don't have, so you might need to hack up the project file if it complains).
One thought on "A simple example of complex marshaling"
 1. First of all thank you for that great article it helped out of my misery but i discovered some problems at the compact framework 1 with this code part:
 m_messageData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value + ");
 m_messageHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(m_messageData, GCHandleType.Pinned);
 IntPtr dataPointer = m_messageHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject();
 byte[] pointerBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(dataPointer.ToInt32());
 The Encoding works fine the handle allocation works fine but the m_messageHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject() method do not give back the correct address of the string in the unmanaged memory.
 There are always 4 bytes in advance to the correct bytes representing the string.
 Do you know is this a bug in CF? Because the same code works great on normal Framework without the 4 byte problem.
 Like
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How to Install filite on macOS
filite is a file transfer tool for Linux/UNIX systems. In this tutorial, we will go through the steps to install and set up filite on a macOS system.
Prerequisites
Before we start, make sure that you have the following installed on your macOS system:
If you don't have Homebrew installed, you can install it by running the following command in your terminal:
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL _URL_
Installing filite
Now that we have Homebrew installed, we can use it to install filite. Follow the steps below:
 1. Open a terminal window on your macOS system.
 2. Run the following command to update Homebrew:
 brew update

 3. Run the following command to install filite:
 brew install filite

 4. Verify that filite has been installed successfully by running the following command:
 filite -v

 If the installation was successful, you will see the version number of filite displayed in the terminal.
Using filite
Now that we have filite installed, we can start using it to transfer files between Linux/UNIX systems. The basic syntax for transferring files using filite is as follows:
# Syntax
filite -p <PORT_NUMBER> -r <RECEIVING_SYSTEM_IP_ADDRESS> <FILE_PATH>
# Example
filite -p 1234 -r 10.0.0.2 /path/to/file.txt
In the example above, we are transferring a file named "file.txt" from the local system to a remote system with the IP address "10.0.0.2" using port number "1234".
Conclusion
By following these steps, you have successfully installed filite on your macOS system and learned how to use it to transfer files between Linux/UNIX systems.
If you want to self-host in an easy, hands free way, need an external IP address, or simply want your data in your own hands, give IPv6.rs a try!
Alternatively, for the best virtual desktop, try Shells!


text:
Tunnel-making, boring war machine
|Physical and technical specifications|
|Usage and history|
Groundborers were large machines used for creating tunnels manufactured by Akin-Dower. They were used to provide a quick shelter on dangerous worlds. A group of wealthy Naddists purchased several for use in the Freedon Nadd Uprising, where Warb Null attacked the city of Iziz on Onderon using modified versions of the Akin-Dower groundborers. After this attack, they were known as Onderonian War Machines.
- Tales of the Jedi Companion
- The Official Star Wars Fact File 113 (REV1, Naddist Revolt)
- The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia


Assemblies of God SearchSite GuideStoreContact Us
Evangelism, Worship, Discipleship & Compassion
By: Mike Clarensau
Item # 50TW0114
Price: $19.99
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Staff Terminations - Ending the Employment Without Ruining the Relationship
Wed, 14 Apr 2010 - 4:09 PM CST
When churches terminate staff, the resulting implications can be both spiritual and legal. As Christians, we have an obligation to support and encourage our brothers and sisters. We should not leave them in despair simply because their employment did not work out as hoped. Even when an employee's conduct is unacceptable, our task is restoration, not demolition. In order to achieve these spiritual goals, the starting point is the termination process. Although termination decisions are often challenged, the termination process itself seldom causes legal liability. Instead, litigation often results if the termination process is handled poorly and does not defuse the situation. The termination process most often affects the individual's decision to sue, not the basis for suit.
Terminations are uncomfortable—they should be. Nevertheless, churches should not wait for problem employees to leave on their own, nor subtly encourage resignation. People are resources—like the talent a man was given (see Matthew 25:18). If a resource is not being used, it is being wasted. Human resources need to be developed and used; otherwise, they must be released to be useful elsewhere.
As strange as it sounds, the termination process begins before the hiring process starts. One of the principle reasons for termination is the employee's failure to meet expectations. However, for expectations to be met, they must be identified and then communicated. Too often, churches hire someone without a clear understanding of their role as employers. There will always be surprises, but they will be less disruptive when the expectations are clear at the outset.
Communicating expectations does not stop at the point of hiring. Expectations sometimes change because of new circumstances or because the employee has become more competent. Just as it is frustrating for the pastor to find things not done as expected, it is frustrating for staff members to be criticized for not doing something they did not realize should have been done.
Letting employees know how they are performing is important. All too often, employment relationships break down because the employees' inadequate performance does not improve. Although communicating performance deficiencies is no guarantee, improvement is unlikely without it. As always, Jesus is our example. He was just as apt to chastise wrongs as He was to praise accomplishments.
Communicating performance issues ensures that the subordinate understands the concern and provides the chance to learn from it. The idea is not simply to complain about the employee's behavior; the idea is to explain how to do better.
The key to communication is making sure the recipient understands the message. Too often, disciplinary conversations end prematurely. The pastor believes that the message was given, but the subordinate does not understand the message or does not understand the seriousness of the issue. The net result is worse than if nothing is said at all. The senior pastor will believe wrongly that future poor performance is a sign of disobedience or disrespect.
The message must be understood. If it is a serious issue, the best way to guarantee understanding is to document the oral conversation. This does not need to be a formal written warning. It may be a simple note confirming expectations, a list of resources to help improve, or a periodic performance evaluation. The key is the effect. People are affected more by the written word than by the spoken word. Employees must understand that documenting performance issues is not automatically a prelude to termination—it is one of the best methods for correcting performance and thereby eliminating the need for termination. Written documentation helps focus both parties' attention on the same goal—correction.
Documentation is also helpful in the termination process. Losing a job is never fun, but it does not have to be devastating. It can force a person to grow personally or spiritually, or it may open up new opportunities. Each of these are hindered if the individual harbors resentment.
Having documentation makes certain that the basis for the decision to terminate is clear and understood. For example, consider a termination meeting where part of the decisional basis is an undocumented warning months before. It is not uncommon for the subordinate to disagree, either because the individual did not remember the incident, remembered it differently, or did not understand that the pastor's "casual" comment was a warning. Documentation resolves this problem. It is hard to disagree about being late if a list of specific dates is provided. Memories alone are seldom good enough to argue against specifics. The goal is not for the individual to agree that the conduct merited discharge, only that the conduct underlying the decision actually occurred.
In planning the termination, consider these factors:
 1. Make sure that the decisional basis is proper in your jurisdiction and that any specific procedural requirements (i.e., final wages, unpaid vacation, continuing health insurance, etc.) are met.
 2. Conduct the termination meeting away from other people but not at a place that encourages free discussion.
 3. Communicate the decision to terminate only if you are the person responsible for the decision.
 4. Have a witness who is supportive of the decision, respected by the person being terminated, and who will remain silent during the meeting.
 5. Communicate the decision without any suggestion of disagreement or disapproval.
 6. To minimize embarrassment and disruption, plan the meeting for a time when few others are present.
 7. Outline the meeting in advance and retain the notes to make sure each point is covered.
 8. Limit conversation to include the decision, the reason for the decision (including details and documentation), an explanation of the actual termination and separation process, and what will be said to others.
 9. Explain the benefits that will be provided. The primary concern for someone who loses a job is getting another job. A willingness to help is often more important and less costly than typical termination benefits. The more inventive and personalized the approach, the better.
Working for a church is more than just a job—it is a calling. Nevertheless, it is still employment with all the practical ramifications of employment. One of those ramifications is that jobs end. As a religious employer, the goal is to end the job, but only the job. To keep the individual moving forward spiritually, employers must be sure their conduct does not cause terminated employees to keep looking backward. Employers must help employees see their termination as a new beginning to their life and not as an epilogue.
Jeffrey S. Fowler, J.D., is a labor and employment attorney with a Chicago law firm. He and his family attend Bethel Assembly of God, Elmhurst, Illinois.


text:
T5 – LED Grow Light Tube for Garden, Hydroponic, and Greenhous 0.6/0.9/1.2m
- Optimized specrum for plant row
- high efficacy
OPTIMIZED SEPCTRUM FOR PLANTS GROWING
The spectrum is optimized for the specific plants, which makes the plants grow faster and produce much more yield.
The professional LEDs designed for plants growth, have higher efficiency and lower light decay during the lifetime.
The fixtures can be connected easily through a double end connector.
Environment-Friendly, no mercury and other harmful heavy metal.
9/14/18 Watts LED


Home/Iterative Map
An iterative map - also called an iterative function - is one where we take the output at each iteration and feed it back into calculate the next value, such as with population growth, where we take the previous population and feed it into the iterative function to calculate the current population and then that again will feed into the next iteration and so on.
2016-10-14T10:11:15+00:00


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Chernoff Faces in Python with Matplotlib
from pylab import *
def cface(ax, x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8,x9,x10,x11,x12,x13,x14,x15,x16,x17,x18):
# x1 = height of upper face
# x2 = overlap of lower face
# x3 = half of vertical size of face
# x4 = width of upper face
# x5 = width of lower face
# x6 = length of nose
# x7 = vertical position of mouth
# x8 = curvature of mouth
# x9 = width of mouth
# x10 = vertical position of eyes
# x11 = separation of eyes
# x12 = slant of eyes
# x13 = eccentricity of eyes
# x14 = size of eyes
# x15 = position of pupils
# x16 = vertical position of eyebrows
# x17 = slant of eyebrows
# x18 = size of eyebrows
# transform some values so that input between 0,1 yields variety of output
x3 = 1.9*(x3-.5)
x4 = (x4+.25)
x5 = (x5+.2)
x6 = .3*(x6+.01)
x8 = 5*(x8+.001)
x11 /= 5
x12 = 2*(x12-.5)
x13 += .05
x14 += .1
x15 = .5*(x15-.5)
x16 = .25*x16
x17 = .5*(x17-.5)
x18 = .5*(x18+.1)
# top of face, in box with l=-x4, r=x4, t=x1, b=x3
e = mpl.patches.Ellipse( (0,(x1+x3)/2), 2*x4, (x1-x3), fc='white', linewidth=2)
ax.add_artist(e)
# bottom of face, in box with l=-x5, r=x5, b=-x1, t=x2+x3
e = mpl.patches.Ellipse( (0,(-x1+x2+x3)/2), 2*x5, (x1+x2+x3), fc='white', linewidth=2)
ax.add_artist(e)
# cover overlaps
e = mpl.patches.Ellipse( (0,(x1+x3)/2), 2*x4, (x1-x3), fc='white', ec='none')
ax.add_artist(e)
e = mpl.patches.Ellipse( (0,(-x1+x2+x3)/2), 2*x5, (x1+x2+x3), fc='white', ec='none')
ax.add_artist(e)
# draw nose
plot([0,0], [-x6/2, x6/2], 'k')
# draw mouth
p = mpl.patches.Arc( (0,-x7+.5/x8), 1/x8, 1/x8, theta1=270-180/pi*arctan(x8*x9), theta2=270+180/pi*arctan(x8*x9))
ax.add_artist(p)
# draw eyes
p = mpl.patches.Ellipse( (-x11-x14/2,x10), x14, x13*x14, angle=-180/pi*x12, facecolor='white')
ax.add_artist(p)
p = mpl.patches.Ellipse( (x11+x14/2,x10), x14, x13*x14, angle=180/pi*x12, facecolor='white')
ax.add_artist(p)
# draw pupils
p = mpl.patches.Ellipse( (-x11-x14/2-x15*x14/2, x10), .05, .05, facecolor='black')
ax.add_artist(p)
p = mpl.patches.Ellipse( (x11+x14/2-x15*x14/2, x10), .05, .05, facecolor='black')
ax.add_artist(p)
# draw eyebrows
plot([-x11-x14/2-x14*x18/2,-x11-x14/2+x14*x18/2],[x10+x13*x14*(x16+x17),x10+x13*x14*(x16-x17)],'k')
plot([x11+x14/2+x14*x18/2,x11+x14/2-x14*x18/2],[x10+x13*x14*(x16+x17),x10+x13*x14*(x16-x17)],'k')
fig = figure(figsize=(11,11))
for i in range(25):
ax = fig.add_subplot(5,5,i+1,aspect='equal')
cface(ax, .9, *rand(17))
ax.axis([-1.2,1.2,-1.2,1.2])
ax.set_xticks([])
ax.set_yticks([])
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0, wspace=0)
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text:
Major Section: HISTORY
Example: :pe fn ; sketches the command that introduced fn and ; prints in full the event within it that created fn.See logical-name.
Pe takes one argument, a logical name, and prints in full the event
corresponding to the name.
Pe also sketches the command responsible
for that event if the command is different from the event itself.
See pc for a description of the format used to display a command. To
remind you that the event is inferior to the command, i.e., you can only
undo the entire command, not just the event, the event is indented
slightly from the command and a slash (meant to suggest a tree branch)
If the given logical name corresponds to more than one event, then
will print the above information for every such event. Here is an
example. of such behavior.
ACL2!>:pe nth -4270 (ENCAPSULATE NIL...) \ >V (VERIFY-TERMINATION NTH)
Additional events for the logical name NTH: PV -4949 (DEFUN NTH (N L) "Documentation available via :doc" (DECLARE (XARGS :GUARD (AND (INTEGERP N) (>= N 0) (TRUE-LISTP L)))) (IF (ENDP L) NIL (IF (ZP N) (CAR L) (NTH (- N 1) (CDR L))))) ACL2!>


text:
Types of traditional settlements and forms of folk houses
Course Syllabus 课程章节1
Settlement is the general name of various forms of human settlements. This class mainly teaches the types of traditional settlements in Shanxi, namely urban settlements and rural settlements. Feel the site selection and layout characteristics of these two settlements through real photos.On this basis, it introduces the forms of folk houses in Shanxi. Shanxi folk houses follow the general law of the construction of folk houses in other local settlements, draw local materials and adjust measures to local conditions. However, due to the great differences in natural and geographical conditions, the forms and styles of folk houses in Shanxi traditional settlements are very different. With the accumulation of years, these residential forms constitute the distinctive characteristics of Shanxi settlements and have unique artistic value.


text:
Heat treatment is often used in the security mesh screen
processing a processing skills, after heat treatment of security mesh screen more heat, high temperature. In the use of the use of more, so how is the heat treatment?
Heat treatment is to put the information in the medium must be heated, heat preservation, cooling, through the table data appearance or internal arrangement structure, to manipulate the function of an induction process. High-frequency current flows to the high-frequency machine is made Rao hot coil, thereby changing the instantaneous magnetic flux occurs in the coil, the metal, and other objects to be heated is placed in the coil, the magnetic flux will be heated throughout the object.
In the interior of the object to be heated and the heating current in the opposite direction, corresponding to a large eddy current occurs. Because the object is heated in the memory of the resistance, so many Joule heat will occur, the temperature of the object itself is a quick rise, to reach all the metal heating data intentions related content: stainless steel security mesh screen
processing sheet thickness is important?
Stainless steel security mesh screen
Anti-high temperature oxidation function at ambient temperature in the air is generally used at least 13 percent (component) increase in chromium and 26 percent for harsh environments. The Chromium passivation layer constitutes an oxide (Cr2O3) of chromium (III) exposed to oxygen. The layer is too thin to be visible and adheres to the shine and lubrication of the metal. The layer is impervious to water and air, maintaining the underlying metal, this layer quickly changes when the outer surface is scratched. This phenomenon is called passivation.


text:
Formaldehyde in the gas phase of mainstream cigarette smoke
Factors affecting formaldehyde deliveries in the gas phase of the mainstream smoke of a single puff were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The lighting puff (first puff), which generates significantly more formaldehyde than subsequent puffs, is different from later puffs in terms of tobacco freshness, heating rate, and smoke condensate on tobacco rod. These differences were explored in this study and found to be related directly to the formaldehyde deliveries on a per-puff basis. The results of this study provide an understanding of the causes of the higher level of formaldehyde detected in the first puff. It is important to explore the smoking process on a per-puff basis since it will provide more insight into the smoke chemistry and increase understanding of combustion and pyrolysis in cigarette smoking.


text:
I often get asked what that "alphabet soup" behind my name is. More importantly, as a pet owner, why should you care?
Those extra letters behind a veterinarian's name means that they are a veterinary specialist (e.g., Justine Lee, DVM, DACVECC, DABT). These letters stand for something – for me, it's "Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Emergency Critical Care" (DACVECC) and "Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology" (DABT). So, what does that mean? It means we went through a whole lot of extra advanced training to become an elite expert in the field. (I'm extra-geeky and am double-boarded.)
In the United States, there are appropriately 90,000 veterinarians, with approximately 11,000 of them being specialists. So, what's the difference between a veterinarian and a veterinary specialist? Veterinary specialists have advanced training beyond veterinary school – it's someone who has gone on to complete secondary training through a rigorous internship and further training in a residency or fellowship (typically 2-4 additional years). In order to be board-certified following your residency, you have to publish a scientific research paper (in a peer-reviewed, scientific, accredited research journal) and pass an intense 2-3 day exam (similar to a lawyer's bar exam). So, not easy at all!
Right now, there are numerous medically-related veterinary specialties including:
- Anesthesiology and Analgesia (DACVA)
- Behavior (DACVB)
- Cardiology (DACVIM – Cardiology)
- Dentistry (ADVC)
- Dermatology (DACVD)
- Emergency critical care (DAVECC)
- Internal medicine (DACVIM – Internal Medicine)
- Neurology (DACVIM – Neurology)
- Nutrition (ACVN)
- Ophthalmology (DAVCO)
- Pathology (DACVP)
- Radiology (DACVR)
- Surgery (DACVS)
- Wildlife/zoo medicine (DACZM)
- Veterinary Practitioners (DABVP)
That said, more recent "specialties" have been popping up, some less "rigorous" than others (e.g., some not even requiring additional training nor a publication). I worry about where this is going, so don't be deceived when you see alphabet soup behind your veterinarian's name. When in doubt, look for the initials starting with "American College" and ask your veterinarian for advice or how to find the best specialist who fits your needs… or more importantly, your pet's needs.
For routine care, you're in better hands with your family veterinarian (after all, I haven't spayed anything in years!). However, if your pet is really sick, a veterinary specialist may be the best option for the care for your pet. Specialists typically see referral cases that may are more complicated or critically ill, or need advanced procedures performed that your veterinarian doesn't routinely perform. For example, if your dog or cat requires advanced surgery (e.g., such as a total hip replacement) or an ultrasound of his heart, he may need to see a board-certified veterinary specialists in surgery or cardiology, respectively. If your pet is in advanced kidney failure, a consultation with an internal medicine specialist may be imperative. If your animal needs 24-hour care and is critically ill, he may need to be evaluated by an emergency critical care specialist. More information on specialists can be found on the AVMA American Board of Veterinary Specialties page, or specifically at the specialty's website.
If you have any questions or concerns, you should always visit or call your veterinarian – they are your best resource to ensure the health and well-being of your pets.


Why Do Exercise Needs Vary Between Individuals?
It is a common saying that all fingers are not equal and faces vary. Not everybody has the same problem. Some people experience specific problems like being fatty. This kind of problem requires several workout procedures. Another person may have difficulty with breathing. This person will definitely engage in a different activity.
But why do exercise needs vary between individuals? The exercise needs of every individual differ because a lot of factors reveal the measure of activity that is required. Your objectives and fitness levels are among the factors that help you determine the kind of exercise you need.
Engaging in a routine exercise program is one of the vital steps you can take to improve your overall health. To achieve a healthy lifestyle, one has to engage in physical activity, as it is a significant element. Physical activity also offers superb benefits for people of all ages, ethnicities, genders, and fitness levels. But, the exercise need of every individual is still largely different.
So, individuals should exercise with the same regularity. Every exercise routine should start with a warm-up and conclude with a cool-down. If you increase the power of exercise and duration too much, it can lead to serious injury.
This post will help us discover some reasons why individuals engage in different exercises to gain high physical fitness and good health.
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Why Do Exercise Needs Vary Between Individuals?
There are a lot of reasons why exercises differ from individuals. The measure of exercise anyone needs is determined by different factors like age, weight, intensity of the activity, and general well-being. Let us delve into these various reasons.
Read Also: Unlocking the Benefits of Menthol in Shaving Cream
Age
If you are younger, your body can still be active without training too much. But as you grow older, you must reduce the amount and intensity of your exercise. At this age, it is advisable to concentrate on the quality of exercise rather than quantity. Of course, this does not relate to everybody. There will always be people who are different in their body composition. But, generally speaking, this truth applies.
Weight
Lifting extra weight adds more pressure and stress to your body. This means that you have to be conscious to not do it excessively. If you are obese, you will need to begin at a slow pace and then steadily add to the amount of your exercise as you notice your body is adjusting to the routine.
Intensity of the activity
One great way to get in shape as fast as possible is to engage in High-intensity training. But, if you are just starting an exercise routine or have any health problems, it is better to begin with reduced-intensity training. After you are consistent with that, you can then increase the intensity of your workout gradually.
In engaging in this kind of extreme activity, it is important to listen to your body. You might not be built for it, and it is okay to not stretch yourself beyond what the body can take.
A person in a purple shirt Description automatically generated
General Health
If you have any health problems, it is advisable to consult with your doctor before participating in a new exercise regimen. Your doctor will be able to suggest individual exercises that fit you based on your health conditions.
Fitness level
Different people have specific exercise needs because of differences in their present fitness levels. Somebody who is physically fit will no doubt be able to do more exercise. Someone with athletic ability can set high personal fitness goals compared to an individual who is just beginning their fitness journey.
Read Also: Unlock Your Power with Leg Press Hammer Strength Workout
This also extends to an individual who has had injuries in the past. The individual will need to engage in low-intensity workouts to avoid the injury reoccurring. So, as a rule of thumb, the level of fitness you have should determine how much you can do. But this rule comes with the exception of age and weight.
Time
Due to different time commitments to our work, family, and social lives, the time each individual can commit to an exercise program will vary. So, do due diligence on your schedule and find an exercise routine that fits your time.
The time of the day when you engage in your exercise routine is also important. Some prefer to work out in the morning, while others prefer to work out at night. Just find what works for you.
A person stretching on a mat Description automatically generated
Conclusion
Physical activities are important for achieving optimum health and general well-being. Exercise requirements differ for individuals. As you observed from the article, there are a number of reasons that determine the amount of exercise an individual needs.
Factors such as age, weight, body structure, and fitness levels play a vital part in establishing the kind of exercise suitable for each individual. So, having this knowledge, you can get a customized exercise plan from your doctor or professional personal trainer. They will help you draw out an exercise plan that will help you achieve the fitness level you desire and personal goals.
After you have consulted with them, you can begin to act upon the plan gradually and take it up from there. But the main thing to have in mind is that not exercising is worse than some exercises.
Read Also: Discover Essential Oils for Heat Rash Relief & Prevention
So, next time you catch yourself asking why do exercise needs vary between individuals, always remember that we are all different with unique body specifications. This is why each individual requires a different intensity of activity to stay fit and healthy.
FAQs
Q.1. Can body structure affect exercise?
Our body compositions are obviously different from each other. So, this automatically tells you that everyone responds to exercises differently. It is essential to find a routine that fits you and stick with it. Because some people are able to build muscle fast while others might find it hard.
As a beginner, if you are not sure of how to start, it is best to consult your doctor or a personal trainer who is certified. They will be able to give professional advice that will work for you.
Q.2. How does ability help with exercising?
Ability differs for each individual. Some people will be able to do more than what the next person can do. So, this tells you that it is wise to understand your body's ability before engaging in any exercise. Understanding this will help you to not push your body too much.
Q.3. How can I figure out my own exercise needs?
 - You can figure it out simply by focusing on these steps.
 - Choose an activity you like doing
 - Embrace it and own it
 - Make the activity measurable, specific and time-bound
 - Get support from loved ones.
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According to?? research at MIT, our ability to discern and differentiate what we hear affects our ability to read. Dyslexic people have greater difficulty identifying the voices of speakers of their own language than non-dyslexic people. Non dyselxic people are better at this, but only in their own language. They are as bad as dyslexic people when listening to a foreign language, or so it seems.
What is not clear is whether people are dyslexic because they have trouble discerning differences in what they hear, or whether they have trouble discerning some aspects of what they hear because they are dyslexic. What causes what? I wonder if activities to improve hearing discernment in relation to language input could improve their reading skills, for example lots of listening and reading.
I have always found an emphasis on listening to be essential to my reading skills in foreign languages. Lots of prior listening provides a number of advantages to reading in a foreign language. We gain some familiarity with the subject. We get a little rhythm or momentum for our reading and almost end up hearing the text as we read it quitely to ourselves. Lots of listening, as well as deliberate vocabulary acquisition, are at the core of LingQ.
I have often suggested that the LingQ approach could work for literacy improvement in one's native language. All my approaches to individuals and groups involved in literacy education have been met with indifference. Perhaps this research should make these people think again. Maybe I am reading too much into the research.


text:
Textbook example of an early M35 pattern greatcoat. Field-grey wool construction with a double breasted style front. The coat is full length with no alterations. There is a dark green cloth lay down collar, and the coat features dual vertical parallel rows of six front closure buttons with corresponding button holes on the left front panel, and a single button hole on the right front panel. There is a single metal hook and eye at the neckline. There is a stellar pair of early lime green shoulder straps with gold "1" cipher sewn into the shoulders, the inside shows the standard lining worn by enlisted troops. The left sleeve shows a hand sewn Krim shield with matching wear to the sleeve itself, underneath is shadowing indicating this was defiantly a war time worn award on this coat. Near the inside pocket is the sewn in name tag to the original owner of this coat, some research could possibly help identify this man.
The 1st Skijäger Division was formed on June 2nd 1944 by expanding the 1st Skijäger Brigade, which was initially formed in September 1943. The 1st Division was formed around existing units which were strengthened with new recruits. Elements of the 19th Panzergrenadier Brigade, the 65th Heavy Artillery Regiment, the 152nd Panzerjager Battalion, and the 18th Werfer Battalion. The addition of the 615th Flak Battalion was used to expand the brigade into a division status.


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Two Methods:By HandBy Machine
If you find yourself face-to-udder with a cow and are having a hard time getting milk from your bovine, it's because milking a cow is not as easy as it looks, especially if using a milking machine. And if the cow is cranky, it can be downright dangerous. Start with step 1 to learn how to milk a cow properly and safely.[[Category
Method 1 of 2: By Hand
 1. 1
 Make sure the cow has a halter and is tied to a sturdy post or held in a stanchion.
 2. 2
 Clean the teats with soapy water or iodine. (Warm water may help coax or "bring down" the milk.) Dry the teats, but don't rub or irritate them.
 3. 3
 Place a bucket underneath the udder. Better yet, hold it between your legs. It takes practice, but this can be done easily and comfortably. This position reduces the chance of the cow kicking over the pail of milk.
 4. 4
 Sit or squat in a position that will allow you to move away quickly if the cow becomes uncooperative. Sitting cross-legged on the ground, for example, is not safe. (See Warnings below.) An ordinary milk stool can be fabricated with two 2x4's cut and nailed to form a "T" - cut to fit your behind and make sure it is low enough to afford comfortable access to the cow's teats.
 5. 5
 Apply a lubricant such as Vaseline to your hands to minimize friction.
 6. 6
 Wrap your warm hands around two of the four teats. Choose diagonal teats (front left and rear right, for example). Or, try the front teats first, then the back pair.
 7. 7
 Squeeze the base of the teat, after gently clamping each teat between your extended thumb and first finger, so that the teat fills your palm as you squeeze down.
 8. 8
 Squeeze down to push out the milk, maintaining your grip on the base of the teat so that the milk doesn't flow back up into the udder. Do not jerk or yank the teats. This motion is performed by sequentially squeezing your fingers from the middle to the pinky to force the milk out. Be gentle yet firm. Keep your eyes peeled for mastitis (see Tips).
 9. 9
 Repeat with your other hand. Most people prefer to alternate (right hand, left hand, right hand, etc.) The downward squeezing motions takes less effort doing it in alternate steps than all at the same time.
 10. 10
 Continue until the quarter that you're milking looks deflated. Experienced farmers can feel the udder to know exactly when all the milk has come down. Often even looking at the quarter just milked can tell you if it's been emptied enough or not.
 11. 11
 Move on to milk the other two teats. If you use the diagonal method, switching sides is not necessary.
Method 2 of 2: By Machine
 1. 1
 Secure the cow in position as outlined above.
 2. 2
 Clean the teats as outlined above.
 3. 3
 Turn on the milking machine and allow it to build pressure.
 4. 4
 Hand-milk each teat a few times to let down the milk and check for mastitis (see Tips).
 5. 5
 Release the pressure so that suction begins.
 6. 6
 Place each suction device on each teat. This must be done quickly before the machine loses its pressure.
 7. 7
 Wait until the machine draws all of the milk out of the udder, which will become flaccid as described above.
 8. 8
 Remove the suction devices from the teats.
 - Many modern milking machines do not require the milker to manually remove the suction cups. Once one quarter has been milked dry, they automatically fall off, one by one.
 9. 9
 Empty the milk into a pail or similar container.
 10. 10
 Clean the machine. This prevents milk that dries from building up in the machine.
This video demonstrates the hand milk technique.
 - Always approach the cow slowly. Speak in a low voice and gently pat her side so that she knows where you are. Don't make any sudden movements. The idea is to let her know where you are. If you surprise her, she may panic and kick you or step on you.
 - Some cows lift their back leg and kick over the bucket or knock off the suction devices. Keep the handle positioned so you can grab the bucket should she decide to kick the bucket.
 - When milking by hand, be sure to remember that there is no pulling and tugging on teats you see on TV. Just squeeze gently.
 - Cracked teats irritate cows - treat with Bag Balm (lanolin.)
 - Some cows only stand still if they're given grain or hay to munch on while you go about your business. If your cow is demanding, keep an eye on her food. Be ready to replenish it, or else she'll let you know she wants more by becoming restless and difficult to work with.
 - If you're milking by hand and haven't experienced doing it on a daily basis, your hands will get tired. A single cow can generate 10 gallons (37.9 L) in one sitting. You can take a break but you run the risk of the cow getting impatient and fidgety (not good.)
 - Some people prefer to use udder cream on their hands as they milk.
 - Tying the cow's tail to her leg will prevent her from swishing you with it. Tail hair does not tie well, and it will come loose after a few minutes.
 - The stream of milk that squirts out should be solid. If it's split, as if there's an obstruction in the milk duct, the cow might have mastitis, which will need to be treated. If mastitis is suspected, shoot the first few streams into a fine strainer and look for clumps. If there are clumps, seek appropriate treatment. The clumps can look like giant globs of snot.
 - If you have an ornery cow, she's smarter than you and will delight in taunting and frustrating you. Keep your cool and outsmart her.
 - Kids can practice by "milking" a latex glove filled tightly with water and tied in a knot at the opening. Make tiny holes with a needle at the fingers.
 - If the cow is kicking, try putting your weight into the soft spot on the cow immediately in front of their rear legs. As they cannot bring their leg forward, they cannot kick.
 - If this doesn't work, consider hobbling her or putting a Kow-No-Kick device (or a product with a similar name) on her to teach and prevent her from kicking during milking.
 - Cows kick and they kick hard. They can knock your teeth out and give you a concussion. Be sure you're milking a nice, gentle and well-trained cow, or have experienced supervision.
 - Be careful not to trip over the milking machine's tubes or wires.
 - You may also get smacked in the face (sometimes the eye) by her tail. This is not harmful, but it can be annoying. If this happens, be sure to wash your face and eyes--there's a good chance there's manure and bacteria on the tail.
 - Watch your feet. A cow often weighs over 1,000 lbs. If she steps on your foot, those 1,000 lbs will hurt quite a bit!
 - Cows can kick with a limited sideways motion, as well as directly behind them.
 - Just because the cow's getting milked doesn't mean she has good manners. Don't be surprised if she drops a "cow pie" in the middle of her milking. Some cows will urinate, as well - watch her back - if it arches, grab the bucket and move back.
Article Info
Categories: Cattle
In other languages:
Español: ordeñar una vaca, Deutsch: Eine Kuh melken, Italiano: Mungere una Mucca, Português: Ordenhar uma Vaca, Français: traire une vache, Русский: доить корову, 中文: 挤牛奶, Bahasa Indonesia: Memerah Sapi
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 252,642 times.
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How Did Making Of Tools Influence The Life Of Early Humans?
How did Stone Age man make fire?
Conditions of these sticks had to be ideal for a fire..
What did early humans use stone tools for?
What technology came from the Neolithic Age?
In consequence, Neolithic weaponry grew more technologically advanced, as well. Daggers, axes, and arrowheads were all used by Neolithic warriors. These were primarily made of stone through the same methods as stone tools, and then mounted on wooden handles and shafts.
What effect did the Ice Ages have on early humans?
What was the first tool used by humans?
What is the importance of tools and equipment?
What were Neolithic tools made of?
Where do humans evolve from?
Why are tools important to humans?
Why did the early humans need tools?
Early man needs tool to protect themselves from wild Animals and used to kill them for food. they used tools to cut trees and use them for lighting purpose.
How did tools improve during the Stone Age?
Home erectus was able to walk upright and could control fire. They used stone tools like the hand ax and the Homo habilis used tools for chopping and scraping. How did tools improve during the Old Stone Age? People learned to use flint to make tools and attach wooden handles to the tools.
How did tools and weapons change during the Stone Age?
During these years, people still used tools and weapons made of stone, but as they adapted from the hunter-gatherer lifestyle into farming, their uses changed and became multi-purpose. The axe was made from a process of striking and shaping rock, called flaking, for protection and for clearing fields.


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PBS KidsZOOM Home Back to Activity
Balancing Balls on Air
Sent in by:
Kayla of Iowa City, IA
Hair dryer powers activate!
Stuff You'll Need
 - ping pong balls
 - hair dryer
 - other types of small balls
How to do it
 1. First, get permission from a grown-up to use a hair dryer.
 2. Turn your hair dryer on cool and point it towards the ceiling.
 3. Put the ping pong ball in the stream of moving air. Watch -- it just floats there.
 4. Tip the hair dryer to the right or left and the ball still stays in the stream of air.
 5. You're probably wondering why the air doesn't just blow away the ball. The air from the hair dryer is blowing right on the ball and pushing it up. But did you know that gravity from the earth is also pulling the ball down? That's why the ball isn't blown right up into space.
 6. Do you know what keeps the ball from blowing off to the side? It's the fast moving air coming from the blow dryer. The ball doesn't fall because the air from the hair dryer is going really fast around the sides of the ball. This fast moving air pushes on the sides of the ball and keeps it from falling.
 7. What happens when you try this with two ping pong balls at the same time? What happens if you use a different kind of ball? Try it at home.
not yet implemented