text:
POLYCOM FEATURED ARTICLES
BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY INTO ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
03 September, 2019
Roads perform an important connecting function for every community. Yet most current approaches to road construction and maintenance are unsustainable in economic, environmental and social terms.
NON-WETTING SOIL STABILISATION
A local Government Shire in Western Australia was recently having trouble with a non-wetting silty sand/gravel that was sourced locally to complete a 6km section of unsealed road. Before the introduction of PolyCom, this soil was taking over 600,000 litres per 200m section to achieve OMC and was extremely difficult to work according to the works crew.
REPAIRING FLOOD DAMAGED ROADS: A SMART NEW DIRECTION
06 January, 2017
Flood recovery works are underway as road crews repair widespread damage caused by heavy rain in 2016. But for some innovative councils, it's not business as usual as they embrace a new strategy.
ROAD TO GRAIN SILO IMPROVED WITH POLYCOM ROAD STABILISER TREATMENT
07 November, 2016
An unsealed hardstand surrounding a grain silo in central Victoria has been strengthened with PolyCom Stabilising Aid.
UNSEALED ROAD BUDGETS ARE BEING BLOWN AWAY
25 July, 2018
The problem: unsealed roads fail through surface wear, most significantly when the 'sheeting layer' disappears slowly in a cloud of dust. Because of this, material loss unsealed roads are a large consumer of natural materials (Centre for Pavement Engineering Education).
HOW TO MAKE YOUR UNSEALED ROAD RESILIENCE SKYROCKET
04 September 2016
The challenge of financial sustainability for many Australian councils impacts their ability to deliver efficient road maintenance programs. This is a particular problem for those with large road networks, and the increasing cost of raw materials and haul distance for re-sheeting.
RESILIENT MODULI RESPONSES OF POLYMERIC-TREATED PAVEMENT FOUNDATION MATERIALS UNDER REPEATED LOADING
19 June 2018
Polyacrylamide (PAM) has been shown to enhance strength, stiffness and durability characteristics of granular materials, in addition to providing lower carbon footprints when compared to traditional stabilisers.
4 WAYS YOU CAN IMPROVE YOUR UNSEALED ROAD MAINTENANCE
9 June 2016
Rural councils and road agencies should embrace innovative solutions proven to slash the economic and environmental burdens of maintaining unsealed roads, researchers say.
THE FRONT LINE: ROAD PATCH STABILISATION IN AUSTRALIA
25 Feb 2019
The root cause of most roadway failures is drainage, drainage, drainage. John MacAdam said in 1820, "Experience has shown that if water passes through a road and fills the native soil, the road whatever its thickness, loses support & goes to pieces."


Ionic liquids as completion fluids to mitigate formation damage
Rizwan Ahmed Khan, Zeeshan Tariq, Mobeen Murtaza, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal, Mohamed Mahmoud, Abdulazeez Abdulraheem
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
8 Scopus citations
Abstract
Formation damage can occur in any phase of oil and gas operation from drilling, completion, or stimulation. Fluids used to drill, complete, and fracture the formation may invade and damage the formation. These fluids may interact with clays present in the formation and adversely affect the flow performance. The change in flow performance could occur due to flow restriction or decrease in permeability, change in relative permeability, or unintended flow restriction during the specific operation. In this work, ionic liquids are proposed as clay swelling additives in completion fluid to overcome the formation damage problem. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids and three different salts are tested with 0.5 wt % and 3 wt % concentration, respectively, on tight sandstone formation containing high clay contents. Completion fluids prepared using ionic liquids resulted in complete stabilization of clays and therefore nearly maintain the in-situ permeability of tight sandstone. The completion fluids are prepared in deionized water for experimental consistency. Coreflooding experiments were performed on Scioto sandstone core samples containing an average porosity and permeability of 16.9% and 0.72 mD., respectively. Cores were saturated with completion fluids based on salts such as calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and with Imidazolium-based ionic liquids before the coreflooding experiments. These coreflood experiments involve a preflush with the prepared completion fluid and post-flood with deionized water. Moreover, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) tests were performed on all samples before and after coreflood to estimate the change in porosity and pore size distributions of the rock samples. Results showed that the porosity and permeability loss were significantly large in cores flooded with CaCl2 and NH4Cl salts solution when flooded with water. MgCl2 salt solution showed exceptionally stable porosity and permeability compared to other completion fluids. Furthermore, the results of ionic liquid-based completion fluids showed no significant loss in porosity and permeability when flooded with water. Therefore, the proposed ionic liquid-based completion fluids can be used for well-completion operation without any formation damage.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)110564
JournalJournal of Petroleum Science and Engineering
Volume214
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 28 2022
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
 - Fuel Technology
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text:
A helical pier is a long, round steel shaft pipe with a single or multiple helix designed to be hydraulically driven into the earth to a desired depth determined by an engineer. A helical pier's design is characterized by a single, double, or even triple flite (refer to image on the right) is driven into the soil using hydraulic torque to depths that can only be determined by a soil boring. Helical piers are used to support the structures load-bearing members where soil conditions are poor, making it difficult to set up for a traditional spread-footer foundation system. Helical piers are used in new construction and repairing existing
foundations that have problems with settlement or heaving (uplift from expansive clays). Helical piers are a good option for foundation systems where weak soils are present. These piers cause little disturbance to the soil and neighboring structures, and the loads of the structure are transferred to load-bearing soils deep in the earth.
When to Use Helical Piers
Helical piers are used for both residential and commercial applications. These piles are often referred to as caissons, mini piles or driven piles. Helical piers are commonly used when there is structural damage or when the structure has been built in unstable soil conditions and is experiencing differential settlement damage. You can identify foundation damage by the following signs:
- Cracking on the interior or exterior walls
- Floor sloop or uneven conditions
- Door and window start sticking
- Cracking in the ceilings
- Cracking in foundation walls
- Leaning chimneys
Types of Helical Piers
There are two types of helical piers and/or helical tye backs, round shafts and square shafts
Round shaft helical piers can handle vertical loads when high compression is suspected. Conventional designs include:
- Round-Shaft Helical Foundation Piers
Foundation Masters, LLC round-shaft helical foundation piers feature a steel tube shaft with a hollow circular pipe section. Round-shaft helical piers have a higher section modulus and can handle vertical loads when high compression is suspected, as well as a higher bending capacity. These foundation piers are most often applied in new construction along with foundation repair dealing with lighter loads as residential construction.
- Square-Shaft Helical Foundation Piers
Foundation Masters, LLC square-shaft helical tye backs feature a high-strength solid steel shaft that delivers a higher capacity-to-torque ratio. We've also found that they're often easier to couple onto and install.
Because they're not an efficient guard against buckling and have little to no lateral capacity, square-shaft helical tye backs should only be used in tye back situations such as retaining walls and other earth retention systems. Square shafts are suitable for areas where tension forces are suspected, and have a greater yield and tensile strength.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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include
The include function returns the rendered content of a template:
1
2
{{ include('template.html') }}
{{ include(some_var) }}
Included templates have access to the variables of the active context.
If you are using the filesystem loader, the templates are looked for in the paths defined by it.
The context is passed by default to the template but you can also pass additional variables:
1
2
{# template.html will have access to the variables from the current context and the additional ones provided #}
{{ include('template.html', {foo: 'bar'}) }}
You can disable access to the context by setting with_context to false:
1
2
{# only the foo variable will be accessible #}
{{ include('template.html', {foo: 'bar'}, with_context = false) }}
1
2
{# no variables will be accessible #}
{{ include('template.html', with_context = false) }}
And if the expression evaluates to a \Twig\Template or a \Twig\TemplateWrapper instance, Twig will use it directly:
// {{ include(template) }}
$template = $twig->load('some_template.twig');
$twig->display('template.twig', ['template' => $template]);
When you set the ignore_missing flag, Twig will return an empty string if the template does not exist:
1
{{ include('sidebar.html', ignore_missing = true) }}
You can also provide a list of templates that are checked for existence before inclusion. The first template that exists will be rendered:
1
{{ include(['page_detailed.html', 'page.html']) }}
If ignore_missing is set, it will fall back to rendering nothing if none of the templates exist, otherwise it will throw an exception.
When including a template created by an end user, you should consider sandboxing it:
1
{{ include('page.html', sandboxed = true) }}
Arguments
 - template: The template to render
 - variables: The variables to pass to the template
 - with_context: Whether to pass the current context variables or not
 - ignore_missing: Whether to ignore missing templates or not
 - sandboxed: Whether to sandbox the template or not
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text:
|Place of Origin:
|Minimum Order Quantity:
|5 working days
|1000 sets per month
|Road And Tunnel Detection For The Cavities
|Radar Detection, No Destruction
Advanced detection vehicle for road and tunnel
This vehicle is used to detect and find out the geological disasters such as cavities, subsidence and permeable water in advance. in the road or tunnel without arousing any destruction.
A few days ago, the new detection equipment-the tunnel advance detection vehicle rolled off the assembly line in Shijiazhuang City. The product can perform non-contact detection of internal defects in tunnels, roads and other sections, sense potential safety hazards in advance, and play a huge role in ensuring the safety of personnel and the safe and efficient tunnel construction.
China is the country with the most and longest tunnels in the world. Due to various influences such as deep burial, long distance, and submerged excavation, the geological and hydrogeological conditions are complex. Unforeseen tunnel construction will encounter faults, collapses, and karsts. , Rock bursts, water bursts, mud bursts, gas bursts, etc., bring many hidden dangers to the safe and rapid construction of the tunnel. For this reason, the development of a special equipment that can detect geological abnormalities in advance and long distances during tunnel excavation, and improve the accuracy and accuracy of prediction, has become an urgent problem in the process of safe and rapid tunnel construction.
The tunnel advanced detection vehicle uses high-frequency electromagnetic pulse reflection technology to detect the distribution of the medium ahead and underground. Compared with detection technologies such as sonar and electrical methods, it has the advantages of fast scanning speed, high resolution, light weight, and non-destructive testing. . During the operation of the rover, the vehicle can fix the parking space and move the robotic arm for radar detection. It can also travel at a slow speed while extending the detection arm to perform omnidirectional and non-dead-angle inspections on the tunnel and road surface. The maximum scanning width of the radar is 12 meters. The maximum detection depth can reach more than 50 meters, the overall stability of the vehicle is good, and the movement is flexible.
It is understood that the tunnel advanced detection vehicle R&D team has successively focused on key core technologies such as broadband high-power transmitters, high-sensitivity acquisition systems, low-frequency shielding geological radar antennas, intelligent identification of geological anomalies, and the stability of vehicle detection under complex conditions. It greatly improves the accuracy of geological anomaly prediction, and provides advanced detection equipment for the safe construction of tunnels and roads, regular inspections of internal geological defects, and ensuring safe construction and traffic.
Detection depth: 50m
Power of the antenna: 10W
Scan speed of the antenna: 0.03m/s
Detection tunnel height: 8m
Travelling speed for floor detection: 3-20km/h
Overall size" 6.5*2.1*2.9m


text:
Back to roots
Sukanya Vijayakumar's Gitanjali uses 72 Melakartha ragas
NEW Sukanya Vijaykumar
Venkatamukhi, the court musician of Tanjore king Vijaya Raghava in the 16th century is considered the original composer of 72 melakartha ragas. Sukanya Vijaya Kumar claims that Carnatic music exponents use 15-20 Melakartha ragas to compose, perform and teach. This led the musician to bring out a CD of Rabindranath Tagore's classical work "Gitanjali" having 18 songs using 72 Melakartha ragas. "Why is it that there is not a single female music composer/master in the history of Indian classical and western music? Why only "great masters" and not "great ladies". These were the questions that have tormented me from my student days and encouraged me to do this experiment," says Sukanya. She has also brought B.M. Shri's English songs.
Send this article to Friends by
Chennai and Tamil Nadu

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Generate Class Constructors in Eclipse Based on Fields or Superclass Constructors
DZone's Guide to
Generate Class Constructors in Eclipse Based on Fields or Superclass Constructors
· Java Zone ·
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Verify, standardize, and correct the Big 4 + more– name, email, phone and global addresses – try our Data Quality APIs now at Melissa Developer Portal!
You'll often need to add a constructor to a class based on some/all of its fields or even based on constructors of its superclass. Take the following code:
public class Contact {
private String name, surname;
private int age;
public Contact(String name, String surname, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.surname = surname;
this.age = age;
}
}
That's 5 lines of code (lines 5-9) just to have a constructor. You could write them all by hand, but writing a constructor that accepts and initialises each field takes a lot of time and becomes irritating after a while. And creating constructors from a superclass can take even longer because the superclass can define multiple constructors that you need to reimplement.
That is why Eclipse has two features to help you generate these constructor instantly: Generate Constructor using Field and Generate Constructor from Superclass. Both features will generate a constructor in seconds, freeing you up to get to the exciting code. You'll also see how to add/remove/reorder arguments of an existing constructor based on fields defined in the class.
Generate a constructor from fields
The fastest way to generate a constructor based on fields is to press Alt+Shift+S, O (alternatively select Source > Generate Constructor using Fields… from the application menu). This pops up a dialog where you can select the fields you want to include in the constructor arguments. Once you've selected the fields you want, just click Ok and you're done. BTW, Alt+Shif+S is the shortcut to display a shortened Source menu, allowing Java source editing commands.
The following video shows an example of how much time this feature can save you. We'll create a constructor for the class Message.
Notes:
 - You can additionally call a superclass constructor with a subset of the fields by changing the dropdown Select super constructor to invoke at the top of the dialog. This creates a super(…) call with the relevant arguments and initialising code for the rest of the arguments on your subclass's constructor.
 - If you don't want the JavaDoc for the constructor, disable the checkbox Generate constructor comments on the dialog.
 - You can include/exclude the calls to super() using the checkbox Omit call to default constructor super(), on the dialog.
 - You have to be positioned in a class to invoke this command.
If you use frequently use this command, you can remap its keyboard shortcut by changing the key binding for the command Generate Getters and Setters.
Generate constructor(s) from a superclass
Sometimes you'll want to reimplement some/all of a superclass's constructors, especially as part of the contract.
To generate constructor(s) from a superclass, just press Alt+Shift+S, C (or alternatively select Source > Generate Constructor from Superclass… from the application menu). A dialog pops up allowing you to select the constructor(s) you'd like to create. Once you click Ok, Eclipse generates the constructor, together with a super() call.
Here's an example of how to create a constructor in SecretMessage, that inherits from the class Message. Message has three constructors: a default one, one that accepts one String (content) and another that accepts three Strings (content, fromAddress and toAddress). SecretMessage should only expose the last two constructors.
Note: You have to be positioned in a class to invoke this command.
If you use this command frequently, you can remap its keyboard shortcut by changing the key binding for the command Generate constructors from superclass.
Add, reorder and remove fields on existing constructors
If you have an existing constructor and want to reorder its arguments or remove some of them, have a look at the Change Method Signature refactoring that does that in a jiffy.
If you want to add a single field to an existing constructor, have a look at the next video that uses Eclipse's Quick Fix (Ctrl+1) to do that easily. I'll add a field createdDate to an existing constructor in Message by choosing Assign parameter to field from the Quick Fix menu while positioned on the field.
From _URL_
Developers! Quickly and easily gain access to the tools and information you need! Explore, test and combine our data quality APIs at Melissa Developer Portal – home to tools that save time and boost revenue. Our APIs verify, standardize, and correct the Big 4 + more – name, email, phone and global addresses – to ensure accurate delivery, prevent blacklisting and identify risks in real-time.
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Loss of dopamine neuron terminals in antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia; relation to tardive dyskinesia
@article{Seeman2013LossOD,
 title={Loss of dopamine neuron terminals in antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia; relation to tardive dyskinesia},
 author={Philip Seeman and Michele Tinazzi},
 journal={Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry},
 year={2013},
 volume={44},
 pages={178-183}
}
The in vivo labeling and brain imaging of dopamine transporters measure the density of dopamine neuron terminals in the human caudate/putamen. A review of such studies shows that the long-term use of antipsychotics had no major effect on the density of the dopamine terminals in individuals who had no tardive dyskinesia, but had reduced the density in those patients with tardive dyskinesia. In addition, the normal loss of dopamine terminals in healthy individuals was approximately 5% per decade… CONTINUE READING
Citations
Publications citing this paper.
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text: Caelus has amassed a 350,000-acre position in the highly prospective trend between two of the largest hydrocarbon discoveries in North America, namely Prudhoe Bay and Point Thompson. Immediately following acquisition of these blocks, Caelus acquired 175 square miles of new, high-resolution 3D seismic data and reprocessed another 275 square miles of existing 3D to image prospects on our acreage. Adjacent infrastructure with available capacity reduces threshold volumes required for developing discoveries in the sub-100 MMBO recoverable range. Multiple play types within proven stratigraphic horizons provide significant upside potential in previously poorly-imaged structural trends and/or subtle stratigraphic traps. Surrounding legacy wells (1960s-1990s) vintage confirm deeper petroleum system elements and de-risked shallower Brookian reservoirs and hydrocarbon charge and phase within the area. Caelus is actively developing an impressive inventory of leads and prospects for near-term drilling within our acreage that should complement currently producing Oooguruk assets and bridge the gap with our longer-term Smith Bay development.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
UK technology providers Sentec have won a grant for research and development (formerly SMART award) from the Department of Trade and Industry for the development of an accurate, solid-state water meter for residential applications. The DTI's grants aim to support research and development that produces techno-logically innovative and commercially attractive products and processes. Sentec has created a new electromagnetic (magflow) sensor which uses a number of innovations in the sensing element and associated electronics to break unit cost and power consumption barriers in magflow metering.
The sensor will allow magflow meters to break into the residential market in high volumes and bring a number of benefits to water utilities, including higher accuracy at low flows and over the whole lifetime of the meter. Inherent reliability, continuous flow measurement, long lifetime, affordable AMR and more meter 'intelli-gence'.
A patent has been applied for, and the sensor is already the subject of licence discussions with several prominent water meter manufacturers. The meter will have very low power consumption, allowing a minimum battery life of ten years. The project funded by the grant will demonstrate this, and the required levels of accuracy, and that the technology can meet the aggressive manufacturing cost targets that will be needed to enter the residential market.


[Matroska-devel] S_DVBSUB
Steve Lhomme slhomme at matroska.org
Sun Feb 20 09:54:50 CET 2011
On Sat, Feb 19, 2011 at 10:50 PM, Dan Haddix wrote:
> OK so the PMT entry for each PID has attached to it an array which describes
> the language, composition page ID and ancillary page ID for each of the
> sub-streams. So a PID with multiple sub-streams might look something like
> this...
> Language = English
> Composition Page ID = 1
> Ancillary Page ID = 3
> Language = English for hearing impaired
> Composition Page ID = 2
> Ancillary Page ID = 3
> When each packet comes along it carries just a single page ID value. If the
> page ID for the packet is 3 then it would be displayed if either sub-stream
> was selected. If the page ID was either 1 or 2 then it would only be
> displayed if that specific sub-stream was selected. Typically how this is
> used is that the majority of data is stored with a page ID 3. Only packets
> which need to be displayed differently for either sub-stream are stored with
> page IDs of 1 or 2. In most cases the hearing impaired track would simply
> carry extra captions, aimed for display in a separate area, to describe
> noises that are displayed at the same time as the common packets. However on
> occasion both tracks will require the display of the same text in slightly
> different ways so they will each have their own packet for that specific
> frame.
OK, so the packets are not combined together. That's the one case
Matroska cannot handle at the container level.
> As you can see by the design separating these into MKV tracks isn't really
> easy because the common data doesn't really belong to either track. And if
> somehow it was removed it would make the other two tracks useless.
Correct. This would be the case for now as tool usually don't support
TrackOperation yet. Although that would be the long term clean way to
handle it. The 'common' track would be marked as disabled, but could
still be 'pulled' when selecting one of the tracks that depend on it.
> After thinking about it more I think the best way to do this is to copy the
> common data to both tracks and then reset the page ID for each packet to a
> single value. That way the MKV container does not need to have a concept of
> composition and ancillary page IDs, we can just assume that both are always
> set to 1, and each sub-stream can be represented in the MKV as a separate
> track which is completely independent of any other tracks.
I suppose that could be another proper way to do it. There would be a
lot of data copied but at least its remuxing safe.
> With that approach storing DVB subs in an MKV would still be relatively
> simple for the output application, only requiring minor parsing to reset the
> page ID and copy the data to all tracks, and reading them would be
> completely transparent to the player/demuxer. We wouldn't even need any
> CodecPrivate data.
Not sure if you imply that the page ID is stripped from the packets,
but that should be the case. If the decoder on platform X insists on
having such ideas for decoding it's very easy to add a fake one back
out of the demuxer.
So are we all clear now?
In both ways (double common data & TrackOperation) S_DVBSUB would work
exactly the same and should be stored the same way. Not need for the
PMT data and the Page ID in the packets header.
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman
More information about the Matroska-devel mailing list


text:
Edible craft projects can be a big hit with kids. Would your children like to snack on ants on a log? You'll need pretzels or celery sticks, peanut butter, and raisins. First, let them use a plastic butter knife to coat the top of the celery stalk or pretzel with peanut butter. Then, let them add 'ants'--also known as raisins--to the top of their treat. While they eat this snack, ask them if the ants tickle their tummies! Here's an idea that's especially good for toddlers: finger painting can be dangerous if your tot still explores new things by putting them in his or her mouth. Let them finger paint with pudding. You can use the instant kind you prepare yourself, or purchase a multi-pack of the pre-made individual servings. Let your toddlers use wax paper for their creations, and you can display these briefly, or allow them to eat their masterpieces.
©2004 Bluestreak Media. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


text:
BLAIR WALK PROJECT FEATURED IN WUSA'S "COOL SCHOOLS" SEGMENT! To see the video, CLICK HERE.
To see more about the Blair Walk Project's Spring 2012 Pedestrian Safety Education Campaign, click here.
If you are a Blair High School Student and would like to volunteer with this project, please contact Joana Conklin: _EMAIL_. You will receive SSL hours for your participation!
There is no winner in a contest between a vehicle and a pedestrian. On average, about 100 pedestrians are killed each year in Maryland. It's hard to fathom that the cost to cross the street could be one's life, but in 2011, 11 pedestrians were killed in Montgomery County. The Four Corners area, where Blair High School is located, is one of the areas in the County with the highest incidence of pedestrian crashes, and more than a third of those involve pedestrians under the age of 20.
- Pedestrian fatalities comprise about 20 percent of all traffic deaths in Maryland.
- Nearly 3,000 pedestrians are injured annually in Maryland. On average, 400 are struck by vehicles in Montgomery County.
- Pedestrians 5-15 years of age are at the greatest risk for pedestrian injuries – over 30 percent of injured pedestrians are under the age of 15.
- A pedestrian hit by a car traveling at 40 mph has an 85% chance of dying. Would you want to take that chance?
A pedestrian hit by a car traveling at 20 mph has a 95% chance of surviving. Want to see what we mean? Click here.
What Can You Do to Stay Safe?
Walk with and avoid getting a $50 ticket (FAIL!)
*ee them see you: make eye contact with drivers so you know they see you.*
*ait for the walk: never begin crossing the street on solid or flashing "Don't Walk" signals.*
*lways cross at crosswalks and intersections: don't cross mid-block.*
*o reflective, so drivers can see you! (especially at night and in bad weather)*
Here are a few other tips to remember when you're walking:
- Stop and look left, right, left and over your shoulder for turning vehicles before crossing the street. Remember, you have the right-of-way in a crosswalk, but still look out for cars as you cross!
- Use sidewalks. If there are none, walk facing traffic so you see vehicles and drivers see you.
Driving is a privilege - so once you have your license, remember these key tips for keeping pedestrians safe:
- Stop for pedestrians at crosswalks and intersections – it's the law! A pedestrian is in the crosswalk when their foot is placed on the painted roadway. If you don't stop, you could get a $500 ticket! EPIC FAIL!
- If a car driving in front of you stops for a pedestrian in a crosswalk, you need to stop as well.
- Crosswalks exist at all intersections, even if the crosswalk is unmarked.
- Slow down, pay attention and obey the posted speed limit.
- Always look out for pedestrians and cyclists, especially before turning at a green light or making a "right on red" or "left on green."
- Stay alert and slow down, particularly in residential areas, school zones and commercial areas. Young children are more vulnerable because they have not yet developed the ability to judge speed and distance, as shown in this video.
For any MCDOT service request or complaint, call 311
When dialing outside of the county, call _PHONE_ or submit via their website.
For website comments or to report website problems or broken links, please email us. This email address does not handle service requests or complaints.
Director's Office · Montgomery County Department of Transportation
101 Monroe Street, 10th Floor · Rockville, Maryland 20850 · _EMAIL_
· telephone: _PHONE_ · fax: _PHONE_ ·


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How important is it to seal electrical outlets against air leakage? Despite the tireless efforts of energy analysts and product manufacturers, nobody will ever come up with a truly valid answer to this question. One obstacle is that finding the "average" air leakage through electrical outlets is like trying to calculate the average size of rocks. Research reports and published pie charts show that air leakage through outlets can account for 15% to 25% or more of the total air infiltration in a house. But common sense tells us that the amount of air that flows through electrical outlets must depend on the tightness of the exterior sheathing and siding, the wall insulation, and the number of unsealed wiring holes


text:
Overview | Guidelines | Information Correction Requests and Appeals | Contact
Objectivity refers to the accuracy, reliability, and unbiased nature of information.
It is achieved by using reliable information sources and appropriate techniques
to prepare information products. Objectivity involves both the content and
the presentation of the information. Content should be complete, include
documentation of the source of any information used, as well as,when appropriate,
a description of the sources of any errors in the data that may affect the
quality of the information product. The presentation of the information should
be clear and in a proper context so that users can easily understand its
The Department strives to present information to the public in an accurate,
clear, complete, and unbiased manner. In keeping with the OMB Information Quality Guidelines, all information products should undergo editorial and technical
peer review to assist the Department in meeting this performance goal.


are no more open ports using the driver, the driver will actually get unloaded. In all other cases, actual unloading will be delayed until all ports are closed and there are no remaining users.
If there are other users of the driver, the reference counts of the driver is merely decreased, so that the caller is no longer considered a user of the driver. For usage scenarios, see the description in the beginning of this document.
The ErrorDesc returned is an opaque value to be passed further on to the format_error/1 function. For more control over the operation, use the try_unload/2 interface.
The function throws a badarg exception if the parameters are not given as described above.
unload_driver(Name) -> ok | {error, ErrorDesc}
Types:
Name = string() | atom()
ErrorDesc = term()
Unloads, or at least dereferences the driver named Name. If the caller is the last user of the driver, all remaining open ports using the driver will get killed with the reason driver_unloaded and the driver will eventually get unloaded.
If there are other users of the driver, the reference counts of the driver is merely decreased, so that the caller is no longer considered a user. For usage scenarios, see the description in the beginning of this document.
The ErrorDesc returned is an opaque value to be passed further on to the format_error/1 function. For more control over the operation, use the try_unload/2 interface.
The function throws a badarg exception if the parameters are not given as described above.
loaded_drivers() -> {ok, Drivers}
Types:
Drivers = [Driver()]
Driver = string()
Returns a list of all the available drivers, both (statically) linked-in and dynamically loaded ones.
The driver names are returned as a list of strings rather than a list of atoms for historical reasons.
More information about drivers can be obtained using one of the info functions.
format_error(ErrorDesc) -> string()
Types:
ErrorDesc -- see below
Takes an ErrorDesc returned by load, unload or reload functions and returns a string which describes the error or warning.
Note
Due to peculiarities in the dynamic loading interfaces on different platform, the returned string is only guaranteed to describe the correct error if format_error/1 is called in the same instance of the erlang virtual machine as the error appeared in (meaning the same operating system process)!
SEE ALSO
erl_driver(4), driver_entry(4)


text:
The Unit Test as a Fitness Function
Extreme Programming is a concept pioneered by Kent Beck and Ward Cunningham which has gained worldwide acceptance. It is an agile software methodology that espouses fundamental goals and how best to achieve them. The precepts of XP are as follows:
-- Kent Beck, author of "Extreme Programming Explained"
Genetic programming is a model of programming which uses the ideas (and some of the terminology) of biological evolution to handle a complex problem. Of a number of possible programs (usually small program functions within a larger application), the most effective programs survive and compete or crossbreed with other programs to continually approach closer to the needed solution. Genetic programming can be viewed as an extension of the Genetic Algorithm, a model for testing and selecting the best choice among a set of results. Genetic programming goes a step farther and makes the program or "function" the unit that is tested. Two approaches are used to select the successful program - crossbreeding and the tournament or competition approach. A difficult part of using genetic programming is determining the fitness function, the degree to which a program is helping to arrive at the desired goal. A simple example of a genetic programming fitness function would be devising a program to fire a gun. The distance by which the bullet misses its target would determine the fitness function.
The commonality in these two definitions are 'unit test' and 'program' so it seems natural to consider the unit test as a fitness function and hence XP a natural methodology to advance GP.
So Genetic Programming is a Genetic Algorithm performed on a parse tree of executable program code. The fitness is determined by how well the code solves a problem. In XGP, the problem is expressed as a unit test. The unit test is the fitness function. The problems that can be solved are any problem that is solvable by the set of functions in the system, in this case anything solvable by most programming languages.
XGP is a concept that grew from discussions involving Ward Cunningham, Jonathan Groff, and Arthur Copeland.
Essentially, GP is a form of optimization toward the goal of converging upon a'solution', using optimization processes borrowed from an old model built by a power higher and smarter than we. They can, at times, be erratic yet predicable in their inevitable march toward a goal. Part of the optimization is using a 'fitness function' to select the best candidates from a 'population' of 'individuals'. In our case the 'fitness function' is built as a unit test for a specific piece of code functionality, and we converge on the solution to those tests. The Individuals have 'chromosomes' composed of functions and terminals in a parse tree that represent an executable piece of code in the framework.
During reproduction, branches of code from the chromosomes are crossed such that they do not violate programmatic structural integrity and new code is produced. Code that passes the units tests are given varying degrees of fitness by the test. In this way the 'optimum' solution is converged upon. In reality it tends to be highly specific to the unit test, thus enforcing the design methodology espoused in XP.
To initially start the operation we take what we know about the test, the return type and the argument types or variable types, and we use those to randomly populate the starting population with all possible functions for that type. We then inject the variables. Using that set we converge on the return type, and the variables, constants, and return types of functions guide through structural integrity. In the end the code is structurally complete. Execution and check of results in unit test fitness functions, along with exception fitness reduction function, allows us to produce a final raw fitness, which, using a standardization formula, is rolled into the final fitness for that individual. The proportionally fittest individuals are selected from the population to reproduce and the next generation begins.
Write a complete unit test and the code evolves to solve it. Since humans don't write code quickly or easily, it seems like a good job for a computer. All we organics have to do is figure out how to write unit tests correctly.
In contrast to something like bridge engineering, construction of code is but a fraction of the cost of a project. Regardless, it is the adherence to the philosophy of building complete units tests and allowing them to enforce design that is the truly powerful aspect of XP and XGP.
A discussion of Extreme Programming can be found at:
A Genetic Programming FAQ can be found at:


investigated other causes.
Root Causes of Oil Fog Related to Equipment
We have investigated the lubricant state and its operation conditions without suspicious causes. Now we need to change the focus of investigation to the equipment- maintenance side.
Reviewing the history of faults for this equipment showed that the compressor's impellor was broken about eight years ago, on January 28, 2,000, when the gearbox's shaft, shaft seal and bearing were damaged. After replacing the shaft seal modified by the outsourced repair company, the generation of heavy fog was reported.
Therefore, to investigate the modified part, we reviewed the internal design such as seal structure and the pressure balance, on drawings provided by the repair company.
Compressor Design
Because the compressor's impeller lacks a balancing hole, the thrust force was exerted on the rear of the impeller by the differential pressure between suction and delivery pressures of the compressor. It was supported by the thrust bearing to the direction of compressor (Figure 8). This was lubricated by the outflow oil from the journal bearing supporting the sun gear shaft of the planetary gearbox, which drives the impeller.
The compressor's shaft seal was composed of several sheets of labyrinth seal, and the leaked gas was vented to outside of the building through a vent pipe connected to the end plate chamber. The suction pressure was 597 mmAq, delivery pressure was 600 mmAq, and the differential pressure was negligible.
Gearbox Design
Concerning the possibility of sugar gas leaking through the labyrinth seal and entering the gearbox, we investigated by unscrewing two eyebolts on top of the gearbox. We found oil mist emitting heavily from a hole on the motor side, and oil drops ejecting from a hole on the compressor side.
A second investigation of this gearbox shows the following:
 1. During the repair of the broken shaft seal, a hole of 4 mmf?was drilled to return the leaking oil in the last chamber before the last land of labyrinth seal. The original purpose of this chamber was to apply the air pressure to seal the shaft.
 2. This modification was not approved by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM). Steps to restore the equipment to its original condition as required by the OEM were not performed because of the continuous operation of the equipment.
 3. Through this hole, the air applied at the pressure of 1.5 bar to this chamber was leaking into the gearbox directly. It flows through the return pipe and the oil in the reservoir to the air breather above the tank, carrying the heavy fog from the oil.
 4. The leaked oil from the shaft seal was radially flung from the slinger ring assembled on the shaft by the centrifugal force of shaft rotating at the high speed of 11,600 rpm. If the internal pressure accumulated by the seal's air supply is stopped, the oil leaked through this shaft seal will stop due to the retrieving effect of oil leaked through the newly drilled hole.
Remedial Measures and Recommendations
Based on this investigation and reviews, the air breather performed the functions described in the product catalog. The root cause of the heavy oil fog was the air that leaked through the hole in the modification. The remedial measures to prevent the oil fog are as follows:
 1. Vent the gearbox by removing the two eyebolts above the gearbox. Install air breathers to capture oil mist generating and escaping from there.
 2. Stop the sealing air supplied to the labyrinth seal. Or as an alternative, after plugging the hole modified as required by OEM, reduce the air pressure applied to the labyrinth seal to less than 0.05 bar.
The complementary ideas to operate more efficiently are as follows:
 1. Install a baffle plate in the reservoir between the suction and return pipes. This will increase the flow path of the recirculation oil to help settle contaminant particles, cool the hot oil, and separate entrained air and gas for preventing cavitation and pump wear.
 2. The cleanliness of new oil was found to be 12 grade in NAS 1638 and ISO 21/17, not suitable for the journal bearing to require less than NAS 7 grade and ISO 16/13 to prevent wear. The new oil should be filtered through a filter element of three microns absolute, the oil cleanliness confirmed below NAS 7 grade, and the used oil in the system filtered continuously through the off-line filter of three microns absolute. This will help assure fault-free operation.
 3. Regular sampling and oil analysis works to control contamination to limits of less than ISO 16/13 or NAS 7. Through these measures, the bearings and gears will be proactively maintained to achieve fault-free operation and extended service life.
 4. The existing filter in the oil system should be tested for performance and have a filtration efficiency greater than 99.5 percent for the contaminant particles greater than six microns.
References
1. The operation and maintenance manual of the MVR compressor.
2. Oil analysis report for particle counts, shape classification of wear particles, RDE and RFS, and FTIR of used and new oil.
Author's Note
The root cause was identified to be sealing air supplied to the labyrinth shaft seal. As a result, the fog generation stopped after removing the air supply, and the oil leakage onto the slinger ring also stopped. The survey for root cause of oil fog generation was successfully concluded, and the problem was determined to be the sealing air that leaked into the gearbox through the newly drilled hole.
Acknowledgment
The author wishes to express special thanks to Solge's president, Why Kim, for his sincere discussion and support, and to K.J Lee, an engineer in charge of this compressor for his support and help in field investigation.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm grabbing a portion of the screen and scanning through the pixels for a certain color range.
I looked at MSDN's Capturing an Image example and know how to use the functions.
I can get the bits into an array, but I'm not sure how to do it in such a way that I can loop through it as I would an image. A pseudo-example (which I'm sure is way off):
for ( x = 1; x <= Image.Width; x += 3 )
 for ( y = 1; y <= Image.Height; y += 3 )
 red = lpPixels[x];
 green = lpPixels[x + 1];
 blue = lpPixels[x + 2];
That's basically what I want to do, so if red, blue, and green is a certain color, I'll know what coordinate it's at (x, y) in the image.
I just don't know how to use GetDIBits in such a way, and how to setup the array appropriately to be able to accomplish this.
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4 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Apart from the good answers already given, here's an example of how to get a simple array structure to walk on. (You can use e.g. Goz' code for the iteration.)
GetDIBits reference @ MSDN
You have to select DIB_RGB_COLORS as flag for uUsage and set up the BITMAPINFO structure and the BITMAPINFOHEADER structure it contains. When you set biClrUsed and biClrImportant to zero, there is "no" color table, so you can read the pixels of the bitmap you get from GetDIBits as a sequence of RGB values. Using 32 as bit count (biBitCount) sets up the data structure according to MSDN:
The bitmap has a maximum of 2^32 colors. If the biCompression member of the BITMAPINFOHEADER is BI_RGB, the bmiColors member of BITMAPINFO is NULL. Each DWORD in the bitmap array represents the relative intensities of blue, green, and red, respectively, for a pixel. The high byte in each DWORD is not used.
Since a MS LONG is exactly 32 bit long (the size of a DWORD), you do not have to pay attention to padding (as described in the Remarks section).
HDC hdcSource = NULL; // the source device context
HBITMAP hSource = NULL; // the bitmap selected into the device context
MyBMInfo.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(MyBMInfo.bmiHeader);
// Get the BITMAPINFO structure from the bitmap
if(0 == GetDIBits(hdcSource, hSource, 0, 0, NULL, &MyBMInfo, DIB_RGB_COLORS))
 // error handling
// create the pixel buffer
BYTE* lpPixels = new BYTE[MyBMInfo.bmiHeader.biSizeImage];
// We'll change the received BITMAPINFOHEADER to request the data in a
// 32 bit RGB format (and not upside-down) so that we can iterate over
// the pixels easily.
// requesting a 32 bit image means that no stride/padding will be necessary,
// although it always contains an (possibly unused) alpha channel
MyBMInfo.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32;
MyBMInfo.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB; // no compression -> easier to use
// correct the bottom-up ordering of lines (abs is in cstdblib and stdlib.h)
MyBMInfo.bmiHeader.biHeight = abs(MyBMInfo.bmiHeader.biHeight);
// Call GetDIBits a second time, this time to (format and) store the actual
// bitmap data (the "pixels") in the buffer lpPixels
if(0 == GetDIBits(hdcSource, hSource, 0, MyBMInfo.bmiHeader.biHeight,
 lpPixels, &MyBMInfo, DIB_RGB_COLORS))
 // error handling
// clean up: deselect bitmap from device context, close handles, delete buffer
share|improve this answer
In the code there is a missing statement that initializes to MyBMInfo.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(MyBMInfo ); – xMRi Feb 17 at 11:59
_USER_ You're right, thanks for spotting the error. I think it's fixed now, I moved the initialization before the first call to GetDIBits; AFAIK it's not necessary to re-initialize it after the first call. – dyp Feb 17 at 17:43
Hmmm. I am not sure about that. I tried this in my code and if I make the second call to GetDIBits I get an error that the local structure gets a buffer Overflow on the stack... I finally returned to a solution were I initialize the structure manualy. In some cases you don't want to have an compression. Resuing the informatiuon will reuse the compression... I am not sure if this Comes true. But I didn't had time to check this further. – xMRi Feb 17 at 17:53
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It's not so easy. Your algorithm will depend on the colour depth of the image. If it's 256 or less you won't have pixel colours, but indeces into a palette of colours. 16-bit pixels could be RGB555 or RGB565, 24-bit images will be RGB888, and 32-bit images will be RGBA or ARGB. You'll need the BITMAPINFOHEADER to find out.
Once you find out, the pixel data will just be an array of size width * height * (BitsPerPixel / 8)
share|improve this answer
+1. Alternatively you can try copy/blit to a bitmap with fixed/known color depth. – jdv-Jan de Vaan Sep 10 '10 at 21:31
I think the OP selects the bitmap into the DeviceContext, so has full control on the bitmap. Using 24 bit and no compression allow to read it as RGB888 easily. – dyp Sep 10 '10 at 21:32
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GetDIBits returns a one-dimensional array of values. For a bitmap that's M pixels wide by N pixels tall and uses 24-bit color, the first (M*3) bytes will be the first row of pixels. That can be followed by some padding bytes. It depends on the BITMAPINFOHEADER. There is usually padding to make the width a multiple of 4 bytes. So if your bitmap is 33 pixels wide, there will actually be (36*3) bytes per row.
This "pixels plus padding" is called the "stride". For RGB bitmaps, you can calculate stride with: stride = (biWidth * (biBitCount / 8) + 3) & ~3, where biWidth and biBitCount are taken from the BITMAPINFOHEADER.
I'm not sure how you want to traverse the array. If you want to go pixel-by-pixel from top left to lower right (assuming this is a top-down bitmap):
for (row = 0; row < Image.Height; ++row)
 int rowBase = row*stride;
 for (col = 0; col < Image.Width; ++col)
 red = lpPixels[rowBase + col];
 // etc.
share|improve this answer
huh this is awful stride = (biWidth * (biBitCount / 8) + 3) & ~3 - took me a while to understand (rounds up to the next LONG = 4 [bytes]). But an easy way to pay attention to padding when you have to. – dyp Sep 10 '10 at 22:05
finally an example that takes stride into consideration...instead of requiring a conversion to 32 bit first :) – rogerdpack Feb 12 '13 at 17:13
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In the link you post you create a 32-bit bitmap so I'll assume you are reading from a 32-bit bitmap (This assumption may be incorrect).
Therefore changing your loop to the following should work:
char* pCurrPixel = (char*)lpPixels;
for ( y = 0; y < Image.Height; y++ )
 for ( x = 0; x < Image.Width; x++ )
 red = pCurrPixel[0];
 green = pCurrPixel[1];
 blue = pCurrPixel[2];
 pCurrPixel += 4;
Things to bear in mind:
1.Arrays are 0 based in C/C++
2. You were stepping 3 pixels horizontally and vertically each time. Which meant you aren't visiting every pixel.
3. A bitmap is usually organised such that there are "height" spans of "width" pixels. Therefore you should step through each pixel in a span and then move to the next span.
4. As already pointed out make sure you aare reading pixels correctly. in 16-bit mode its more complex
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


text:
Welcome to the Diabetes Network. This page has been created in order to provide all interested people with the opportunity to learn more about the implementation of theDiabetes Strategic Frameworklaunched by the Minister for Health Michelle O'Neil on 22 November 2016.
As part of the Minister's vision, she has directed that abe established in order to bring together people living with diabetes, their representatives and the clinical community to work in partnership on the design and delivery of better diabetes outcomes.
The framework document is built around:
- Supported self-management
- Effective use of information
- Services for vulnerable groups
- Enhancing skills of frontline staff
- Encouraging innovation
The network will enable people living with diabetes and frontline experts in diabetes care to 'co-design' services with the aim of making a real difference to future diabetes care and improvements in long term health for people living with the condition. The vision of the network is to lead the improvement of care and deliver measureable improved outcomes for people living with all types of diabetes and those at risk of developing diabetes in Northern Ireland.
At a more fundamental level the network is founded on the principle of partnership between all stakeholders including people living with diabetes. In seeking to move the principle of partnership forward, Diabetes UK Northern Irelandhave created this information on behalf of all partners in order that those interested may have ongoing access to information about the work of the Network and the ongoing implementation of the Diabetes Strategic Framework.
As we move forward this page will be updated and populated with new documents and information pertaining to current developments happening across Northern Ireland.


text:
Digital Backgrounds Guide
In the current past, digital backgrounds have ended up being an important part of photographs. No photograph is now full without a digital background to boost it. In order to make your image look excellent and do away with the very same boring look that is has, you have to resort to using digital backgrounds.If you are simply starting out with picture photography, wish to enhance your alternatives with portraits, have a limited spending plan, not utilizing Photoshop to its full capacity, or simply want a method to create some additional earnings on the side, then it might deserve your while to master the skill of developing digital backgrounds. portrait backgrounds offers excellent info on this.
Fortunately is that most current technology and brand-new software application have made it possible for you to create these digital backgrounds by yourself. With a bit of proficiency, you can go about achieving this.The more layers you enhance your file, the more intricate your background becomes. After you have added all your desired results, you need to lock all the layers. After everything is done, do not forget to save your file in a format that you choose.
For producing your own digital background, you need to recognize with Photoshop. Photoshop helps you modify pictures, photos and produce your very own digital art. With Photoshop, there are no limits to what you can do to a photo. For creating a digital background, you need to open a brand-new file. This step needs to be followed by choosing the image mode, size and resolution of the new Photoshop document.
Picking the background and foreground colors are likewise an important step in the whole procedure. After the color is chosen, you have to include the effects that you desire your digital background to have. You can select from a variety of effects. Certain things, like Color Burn, can be utilized to alter the appearance of a certain layer. Apart from this, you also have to change the opacity and transparency of the layers according to your requirements.


text:
Stability of martian water
"Liquid water can be stable against freezing and stable against boiling, but unstable with respect to evaporation. The situation is analogous to Earth's oceans. Liquid water on the surface does not freeze because temperatures are higher than the melting point, and it does not boil because the vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the water is less than the surface pressure. Yet the water does evaporate because the atmosphere is not saturated. A similar situation can occur on Mars, though the odds are much more likely for boiling."
"But whether it boils or evaporates, either way the water will cool because of the heat loss and thus it will eventually freeze."


text:
Introduction: LED Emergency Light
Here is simple steps to convert your Rechargeable Emergency CFL light to LED for just 1 $
converting CFL to LED it can work up 8 to 10 Hrs. and you will be saving total energy of 75%.
Step 1: Step 1. Material
Existing emergency light , I had is SUNCA rechargeable cfl light with 6 volt 4.5 ah smf battery. 2 x 6 Watt CFL
1.Power LED 1 Watt with heat sink - 5 Nos x 10 = 50 Rupees
2.Resistance 10 Ohm 5 watt or 4.7 ohm 5 watt for more brightness - 1 No. x 5 = 5 Rupees
total cost is Rs. 55 in India , around 1 $ in US
Step 2: Step 2 - Circuit Diagram
Make the changes in wiring as shown in Circuit diagram. Radio, cassette player kept as it is, only CFL power is disconnected. and Bulb & 2 CFL has been removed.
Step 3: Step 2 - Assembling
Solder LEDs carefully , LED are heat sensitive , connect wiring as shown in circuit diagram. Apply little glue to LED heat sink base to fix LEDs.
Step 4: Step 4 - Finishing
After completing wiring check for dry solder loose contacts etc using multimeter . Then switch on Emergency light to test the LEDs are working fine, then close the acrylic cover . Now here it goes Live.


text:
Teach your baby the signs for the words pacifier and binky in baby sign language with the following description and videos. Use the same sign for both English words.
Pacifier and Binky
Shape the index finger and thumb a modified C. Hold the hand in front of the mouth with the thumb and index finger parallel to the lips. Move the hand in towards the mouth.
Porpora, Tracey. 2011. The complete guide to baby sign language: 101 trips and tricks every parent needs to know. Ocala, FL: Atlantic Publishing Group, Inc.


Some sites claim that kaneh bosem from Exodus 30:23 is ganja.
I've seen this verse translated variously as:
 - fragrant calamus
 - aromatic cane (from cane balsm)
 - sweet calamus
 - fragrant reeds
However, there is a speculation that kaneh bosem is a plural form of kaneh bos. I don't know of any Bible translation that translates it this way even though it seems to fit some properties.
Is there any evidence that this phrase should be translated 'ganja'?
Exodus 30:23 (ESV) reads:
Take the finest spices: of liquid myrrh 500 shekels, and of sweet-smelling cinnamon half as much, that is, 250, and 250 of aromatic cane (qənêh-bōśem)
The OP points out:
This is based, presumably, on a misunderstanding of the ending em on bōśem. This is superficially similar to the masculine plural -ı̂m ending in Hebrew. However, the term qənêh-bōśem is singular (i.e. 250 shekels-worth of q-). The letter m is part of the root bśm.1 The word qənêh- (spelled qāneh when alone) is a common term for "cane" or "reed". The phrase, then, is literally "cane of spice". The second noun bōśem is taken attributively, hence "fragrant cane". "Bos" means nothing in this context.2
As for the actual plant referred to in Exodus, I will believe William Propp's account:
fragrant cane. Qənē(h) bōśem is also called qāne(h) haṭṭôb 'the sweet cane' (Jer 6:20; cf. Akkadian qanû ṭābu) and simply qāne(h) 'cane' (Isa 43:24; Ezek 27:19). Although reeds are found in Israel itself, it is clear from the prophets that this special cane, like frankincense, was imported "from a distant land." Of various grasses valued in Antiquity for their aromatic essences...the variety most familiar to my readers will be East Asian "lemongrass."
Propp equates the terms bōśem and beśem earlier in the verse (there constructed with "cinnamon"). The emphasis is on their fragrance; there is no evidence of psychedelic properties attributed these plants in the Exodus account.
1. Were it plural, it would be bəśāmı̂m.
2. The etymologically related botanical term is is not cannabis but balsam.
 - So do you know for certain which species kaneh bosem is? – user4951 Jan 11 '16 at 3:49
 - People feel "presence" of Yahweh when consuming or inhaling the stuff. Such properties are called entheogenic. Which is psychedelic. – user4951 Jan 11 '16 at 23:29
To put this as a purely linguistic question: Hebrew qānē is the same word as Sumerian gin, Akkadian qanū, Ugaritic qn, Greek κάννα, Latin canna, all meaning "reed" or "cane".
Greek κάνναβις, Latin cannabis, English "hemp" is a different word, perhaps ultimately from Sumerian kunibu, all meaning "hemp".
These two words cannot very well be connected.
 - so there is no connection between kanna and kannabis. notice the other alternative, calamus, is herbal ecstasy that's actually poisonous – user4951 Jan 4 '16 at 16:53
 - 3
 _USER_ Both in this comment and your original question, you're chasing false cognates. The site you linked also makes this mistake and demonstrates very poor understanding of the languages it comments on. You should let these much more educated answers set the record straight. No, the connection you are trying to make is not there. – Caleb Jan 5 '16 at 8:41
Your Answer


Skip to definition.
Noun: detention di'ten-shun
 1. A state of being confined (usually for a short time)
 "his detention was politically motivated";
 - detainment, hold, custody
 2. A punishment in which a student must stay at school after others have gone home
 "the detention of tardy pupils"
Derived forms: detentions
Type of: confinement, penalisation [Brit], penalization, penalty, punishment, sanction
Encyclopedia: Detention


"Garshana" – Ayurvedic Dry Brushing: How to Do It? Benefits And Reasons
Dry brushing, also called Garshana, is a staple of traditional wellness and a part of Ayurveda.
what is ayurveda
First, we need to back up to understand Ayurveda, where dry brushing comes from. Ayurveda is the ancient life of science that believes that prevention of disease is as important as curing it. Ayurveda is a holistic science of life that works on the principles of balancing the Vata, Pitta and Kapha Doshas that governs our body. It has gained popularity in the west due to its therapeutic efficacy and its ability to cure lifestyle disorders. It has also earned fame in the area of cosmetology and rejuvenation.
What Is Dry Brushing?
Dry Brushing is one of the Ayurvedic detoxification techniques that has been used by people since time immemorial. Ayurveda has described various types of massages and rejuvenation techniques that can be even used today for the treatment of various ailments. "Garshana" (pronounced gar-shun-uh) is a term used in the Ayurveda texts for dry brushing which means "friction by rubbing". Vasant Ritu (Spring season) is the best time for the detoxification of the body and thus Garshana can show its highest efficacy in this season.
Dry brush is known to have numerous health benefits. It is done by rubbing a brush with coarse bristles usually made up of natural-fibres. The rubbing is done in a particular pattern and it works on the principle that rubbing will peel off the dead skin cells and will help in draining the toxins through the pores. It also stimulates the lymphatic system and aids in internal detoxification.
Why To Do Dry Brush?
Dry brushing is a revitalizing treatment. It is mainly used for the pacification of Kapha Dosha. People having Kapha Dosha predominance and aggravated Kapha Dosha must do it. Also, it is said to expel the toxins out of the body through sweat. It is a wonderful exfoliating and skin rejuvenating technique which can open up the clogged pores. Furthermore, the key benefits of dry brushing are briefly discussed below that will provide you with more reasons to do Garashana.
Key Benefits Of Dry Brushing
This ancient practice has a plethora of health benefits. It also adds more beauty to your skin by peeling off the dead skin cells, opening the pores and increasing blood circulation. The key benefits of dry brushing are briefly described below.
1. Kapha Dosha Shaman
Kapha is the Dosha having qualities such as oilyness, sliminess, etc. Feeling of heaviness, lazy, sleepy, etc can be the premonitory symptoms of Kapha Dosha aggravation. Such aggravation can lead to more complex diseases such as high cholesterol, obesity, obstruction in capillaries that can lead to a drug-dependent life.
ayurveda weight loss
"Garshana" can help you to pacify the aggravated Kapha Dosha as it encourages opposite properties to that of Kapha. Dry brushing increases the qualities such as dryness and roughness that nullifies the effects of aggravated Kapha Dosha.
2. Detoxification
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that helps in the elimination of unnecessary toxins, waste products and transport of the white blood cells throughout the body. Dry brushing stimulates the lymphatic system and helps in draining the lymph from the lymph capillaries towards the lymph nodes. Thus, "Garshana" enables us to expel out the "Ama" i.e. cellular toxins internally as well.
3. Rejuvenates Skin
It is a known fact that our skin sheds its outer layer every 2-4 weeks. Dry brushing our skin sheds the outer layer of our skin cells which mostly contains damaged and dead skin cells. It helps in the growth of fresh skin cells. Garshana also exfoliates the skin cells by opening the pores clogged by dead skin cells, dirt, etc. Massaging the skin with a brush or gloves also increases the blood flow to that certain region, thereby providing you with fresh glowing skin and enhancing the skin tone.
4. Combats Cellulite
Cellulite is an interesting looking dimple-like dent formed on the skin. Typically, you can find it over the hip and thigh regions. It develops when the fat tissue pushes out the covering connective tissue. Often, you will find it more in women than in men, and it is a symptom of increased Meda Dhatu.
Happily, dry brushing or Garshanawill help you to combat the cellulite by dissolving the excess fat tissue in that region and by increasing blood flow. It can also aid in lymphatic drainage which helps in further prevention of cellulite in the prone areas.
Our Recommendations for a Dry Brush
Now, maybe you are wondering, what dry brush do I buy? If you have never purchased a dry brush before, we got you covered. Here is the dry brush (affiliate link) we have been using for years and still love to this day.
check price button
How to Dry Brush?
Dry brushing should be done vigorously over the skin by using a brush having natural-fibers bristles. Alternatively, Garashana gloves are available in the market that can be used for it.
Dry Brushing Patterns
Before performing the dry brushing, know the types of brushing patterns used in it. It includes two types of patterns:
 1. Circular Motion:
 Dry brushing should be performed circularly over the joint areas such as Neck, Elbow, Knee, Wrist, etcetera. The brushing should follow only a unidirectional pattern either clockwise or anticlockwise for better results.
 1. Long Strokes:
 Over the areas of long bones, the dry brushing should be done with long strokes directed towards the heart. It is necessary to perform the brushing towards the direction of the heart to drain the excess lymph.
The dry brushing should be performed in the morning before bath. The skin should be dry and free from any kind of oils or lotions. It is also advised not to perform it in case of any kind of skin disease or pregnancy. Expert advice is highly recommended in such cases.
Dry Brushing in Simple Steps
 1. Start the dry brushing by vigorously massaging your wrists and the tip of your elbows circularly. Then, massage your hands from the base of your fingers towards the upper side in the direction of the armpit.
 1. Do the same on the other hand too. You can take the help of an assistant too if you are not comfortable doing that with your off-hand.
 1. Now, massage your abdomen and buttocks with the brush or gloves in a circular manner. Avoid brushing over the heart and chest area.
 1. Proceed towards your ankles and feet circularly and complete the procedure by massaging the thigh and calves region in long strokes directing towards the heart.
 1. After dry brushing your whole body, take a shower and feel your rejuvenating skin.
Other Notes
You can also perform Garshana on the face. However, it is not recommended as it may also cause serious problems if done incorrectly.
In addition, it should be performed on regular intervals as per one Doshic constitution (Prakriti), Season and Age.
Finally, it is mainly preferred in the Spring season as the all the body is all set for detoxification in this season. However, the person with the vitiation of Vata Dosha (Vata Prakop) should strongly avoid it.
Conclusions on Dry Brushing
Using this ancient cleaning practice to bolster your health and beauty routines can add vitality to both your body and your mind. We recommend starting in the spring, or at any time you need to detox and refresh. Enjoy!
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Therapeutic Gardens and Expressive Therapies
Therapeutic Gardens and Expressive Therapies
Therapeutic Gardens and Expressive Therapies
Theresa L. Scott
and Nancy A. Pachana
Page of
date: 23 September 2021
Humanity's affiliation with the natural world is deeply ingrained in the human psyche, and human understandings of the healing power of nature date back to antiquity. According to a growing body of research, contact with nature promotes physical, emotional, social, mental, and spiritual well-being. Companion animals have been a part of human experience for thousands of years, and recent research documents the positive impact that domesticated animals have on older adults' health, psychosocial well-being, and cognitive functioning. Music has also been used for centuries to heal and to promote well-being. Music taps human emotion and memories, and is often a shared experience. This chapter discusses the impact of gardens and therapeutic horticulture, animal-assisted therapy, and music therapy in positively affecting older adults' well-being, and improving social, psychological, physical, and vocational adjustment across a variety of settings and populations.
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David W. Grissmer and Andrew J. Mashburn, researchers at the University of Virginia's Curry School of Education, have received a $2.8 million grant to evaluate the effectiveness of the "WINGS for Kids" afterschool social and emotional learning program at four elementary schools in Charleston, S.C.
Ginny Deerin, a marketing executive and political fundraiser, founded the WINGS afterschool program in 1996 to serve children attending low-performing schools in high-risk neighborhoods in North Charleston. The children in these four schools and in the study experience extreme levels of economic and social risks; more than 90 percent receive free or reduced lunch.
The program seeks to teach students how to make good decisions and build healthy relationships. The 15-hour-a-week curriculum weaves 30 learning objectives into everyday activities that develop self-awareness, relationship skills, social awareness, self-management and responsible decision-making.
"Once children enter school, the afterschool hours before parents get home from work are critical periods for kids," Mashburn said. Many afterschool programs have been established to address the need to keep kids safe and constructively engaged during these hours, but rarely do these programs have evidence that what seems effective really is effective.
"Past evaluations provide encouraging evidence that the WINGS program has successfully impacted learning outcomes for kids," Mashburn said.
One study found that students who enrolled in two or more years of WINGS passed state standardized math and reading assessments at significantly higher rates than non-WINGS students. More years in WINGS also correlated with better grades and improved school attendance.
"The purpose of this grant is to provide a more rigorous evaluation of the WINGS afterschool program than has previously been possible, and in doing so we will be working with a large number of children and assessing the program's impacts on a broad range of academic and social outcomes across three years," Mashburn said. "This type of rigorous comprehensive longitudinal evaluation is very important for determining the effectiveness of this program."
Grissmer, a principal research scientist, and Mashburn, a senior scientist, work at the Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning, a research center based at the Curry School that conducts empirical research to improve schooling and the outcomes for children.
Because more students apply for the WINGS program each year than can be accommodated, each school holds a lottery to determine which kindergartners may enroll, Mashburn explained. This circumstance will enable the researchers to be even more confident that any improvements they see can be attributed to the WINGS program.
"We will be able to conduct a randomized control trial comparing the social skills and achievement outcomes of students who were selected to enroll in WINGS with students not able to enroll, and to follow both groups over an extended period of time," he said.
Grissmer and Mashburn will examine students who start kindergarten in fall 2012 and follow them for three years. Students who start kindergarten in fall 2013 and fall 2014 will also participate, and more than 300 children will be tracked over the course of the study.
"The evidence is beginning to point to stronger social and emotional skills as a critically missing part of our national educational policy, which currently focuses almost entirely on academic achievement," Grissmer said. Evidence suggests that children's long-term outcomes are improved not only by gains in cognitive skills, but also gains in social and emotional skills, such as those emphasized in the WINGS program.
The research team, which includes Julia Blodgett, Elizabeth Cottone, Nancy Deutsch, and Sara Rimm-Kaufman from the Curry School, as well as assistant professor Laura Brock from the College of Charleston, who earned her Ph.D. from U.Va., will assess students' behaviors and relationships at home and at school, as well as reading skills, oral vocabulary, listening comprehension and mathematics skills. They will also conduct teacher surveys, parent interviews and classroom observations.
The four-year grant is being funded by the Institute for Education Sciences, part of the U.S. Department of Education.
In 2009, WINGS was named a "high-performing nonprofit" by the Alliance for Effective Social Investing, and has been recognized as representing best practices by the Academy for Educational Development, the National Institute of Out-of-School Time and the National Association of Elementary School Principals.
– by Lynn Bell


text:
Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
In the conventional dual-hop cooperative communications, the relays with imbalanced channel gain to the source and the destination cannot be efficiently utilized since one of these two hops can become the bottleneck of the overall transmission. In this paper, the authors propose a Cluster-Based Cooperative Communication (CBCC) scheme to address this problem. In this scheme, relays are divided into two clusters, and the cooperative transmissions consist of three stages. In this way, the bottleneck between the relay and the source or the destination can be potentially broken through the relay-to-relay transmissions.


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Update-FormatData
JuanPablo Jofre|Last Updated: 12/17/2016
|
3 Contributors
SYNOPSIS
Updates the formatting data in the current session.
SYNTAX
Update-FormatData [[-AppendPath] <String[]>] [-PrependPath <String[]>] [-WhatIf] [-Confirm]
 [<CommonParameters>]
DESCRIPTION
The Update-FormatData cmdlet reloads the formatting data from formatting files into the current session. This cmdlet lets you update the formatting data without restarting Windows PowerShell.
Without parameters, Update-FormatData reloads the formatting files that it loaded previously. You can use the parameters of Update-FormatData to add new formatting files to the session.
Formatting files are text files in XML format with the format.ps1xml file name extension. The formatting data in the files defines the display of Microsoft .NET Framework objects in the session.
When Windows PowerShell starts, it loads the format data from the formatting files in the Windows PowerShell installation directory ($pshome) into the session. You can use Update-FormatData to reload the formatting data into the current session without restarting Windows PowerShell. This is useful when you have added or changed a formatting file, but do not want to interrupt the session.
For more information about formatting files in Windows PowerShell, see about_Format.ps1xml.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Reload previously loaded formatting files
PS C:\> Update-FormatData
This command reloads the formatting files that it loaded previously.
Example 2: Reload formatting files and trace and log formatting files
PS C:\> Update-FormatData -AppendPath "trace.format.ps1xml, log.format.ps1xml"
This command reloads the formatting files into the session, including two new files, Trace.format.ps1xml and Log.format.ps1xml.
Because the command uses the AppendPath parameter, the formatting data in the new files is loaded after the formatting data from the built-in files.
The AppendPath parameter is used because the new files contain formatting data for objects that are not referenced in the built-in files.
Example 3: Edit a formatting file and reload it
PS C:\> Update-FormatData -PrependPath "c:\test\NewFiles.format.ps1xml"
# Edit the NewFiles.format.ps1 file.
PS C:\> Update-FormatData
This example shows how to reload a formatting file after you have edited it.
The first command adds the NewFiles.format.ps1xml file to the session. It uses the PrependPath parameter because the file contains formatting data for objects that are referenced in the built-in files.
After adding the NewFiles.format.ps1xml file and testing it in these sessions, the author edits the file.
The second command uses the Update-FormatData cmdlet to reload the formatting files. Because the NewFiles.format.ps1xml file was previously loaded, Update-FormatData automatically reloads it without using parameters.
PARAMETERS
-AppendPath
Specifies formatting files that this cmdlet adds to the session. The files are loaded after Windows PowerShell loads the built-in formatting files.
When formatting .NET objects, Windows PowerShell uses the first formatting definition that it finds for each .NET type. If you use the AppendPath parameter, Windows PowerShell searches the data from the built-in files before it encounters the formatting data that you are adding.
Use this parameter to add a file that formats a .NET object that is not referenced in the built-in formatting files.
Type: String[]
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases: PSPath, Path
Required: False
Position: 0
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: True (ByPropertyName, ByValue)
Accept wildcard characters: False
-Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
Type: SwitchParameter
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases: cf
Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: False
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
-PrependPath
Specifies formatting files that this cmdlet adds to the session. The files are loaded before Windows PowerShell loads the built-in formatting files.
When formatting .NET objects, Windows PowerShell uses the first formatting definition that it finds for each .NET type. If you use the PrependPath parameter, Windows PowerShell searches the data from the files that you are adding before it encounters the formatting data from the built-in files.
Use this parameter to add a file that formats a .NET object that is also referenced in the built-in formatting files.
Type: String[]
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:
Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
-WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
Type: SwitchParameter
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases: wi
Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: False
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
CommonParameters
This cmdlet supports the common parameters: -Debug, -ErrorAction, -ErrorVariable, -InformationAction, -InformationVariable, -OutVariable, -OutBuffer, -PipelineVariable, -Verbose, -WarningAction, and -WarningVariable. For more information, see about_CommonParameters (_URL_
INPUTS
System.String
You can pipe a string that contains the append path to Update-FormatData.
OUTPUTS
None
The cmdlet does not return any output.
NOTES
 - Update-FormatData also updates the formatting data for commands in the session that were imported from modules. If the formatting file for a module changes, you can run an Update-FormatData command to update the formatting data for imported commands. You do not need to import the module again.
*
Get-FormatData
Export-FormatData
© 2017 Microsoft


text:
The Georgian conflict ended 1,716 days of no war between nations. But trends favor peace.
Chapel Hill, N.C.; and Bowling Green, Ohio
When Russian troops attacked Georgia this month, rolling tanks into Tskhinvali and bombing Gori, it was not just a tragedy for the Caucasus. It also marked the demise of more than four years of no war between nations, the longest period in modern history.
With the news so full of violence, you may not have noticed that the world was at peace. But ever since India and Pakistan signed a cease-fire in November 2003, there have been no wars between governments. That's 1,716 straight days of world peace. Russia's invasion ended the streak on Aug. 8.
The previous record had been just over 600 days, from the end of the second Taiwan Straits crisis in 1958 to border skirmishes between Ethiopia and Somalia in 1960. Since then, there had been as many as nine interstate conflicts at a time, according to the International Peace Research Institute in Oslo, which counts conflicts with 25 or more battle-related deaths. But none of these involved national armies fighting one another.
The war over South Ossetia reminds us of the awesome destructive power of modern states – hundreds of people reportedly killed in a single day, soldiers fighting their way through cities and countryside devastating communities in their path, jets dropping bombs on apartment buildings. Since World War II, interstate wars have averaged four times more fatalities than other civil conflicts.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
The origin of spin is some what a puzzle to me, everything spin from galaxies to planets to weather to electrons.
Where has all the angular momentum come from? Why is it so natural?
I was also thinking do photons spin? we always think of the wave as a standard 2d sin wave but could this rotate in 3d? What implications would this have?
And what about spacetime how does all the spinning effect?
This has always been avoided in all lectures and classes I ever went to.
share|improve this question
Re: waves, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_polarization – Willie Wong Jul 11 '11 at 0:07
Your question is not entirely "true"! Elliptic galaxies do not spin. Same is for the central bulge of spirals galaxies afaik. – Georg Jul 11 '11 at 12:50
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4 Answers
Sticking strictly to classical mechanics, things in space are all moving, in different directions. They are not standing still. You could ask why are they not standing still, but I guess that's cosmology.
Suppose two cars pass in opposite directions on a road. When they pass, there is a certain distance between them. So if you draw a dotted line around the pair of them, that pair has angular momentum, which is just momentum at a distance. They don't have to be spinning around a center to have angular momentum. They only have to be traveling past each other.
If one of the cars threw out a magnet on a rope and captured the other, now they would start spinning like a bolas. That's what happens when things moving past each other are pulled together. Whether or not they're pulled together, they still have angular momentum. It's just another way of saying they're moving past each other.
share|improve this answer
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The origin of spin can be traced in two fundamental physical postulates:
 1. Einstein's (general) relativity postulate
 2. Wigner's principle stating that elementary particles carry irreducible unitary representations of the symmetries of nature
According to the first principle, every local reference frame of space-time is Minkowskian and the laws of physics are the same in all local reference frames. Now, the automorphism group of a Minkowski space is the Poincare group, therefore the laws of physics are convariant under the Poincare group.
The second principle allows us to actually identify between elementary particles and irreducible representations of the symmetry groups of nature. Applying this principle to the Poincare group, we obtain that elementary particles carry irreducible unitary representations of the Poincare group, and by consequence irreducible unitary representations of its subroups, in particular, the rotation group. Now, since elementary representations of the rotation group are classified by the spin, then elementary particles carry spin.
There is a subtlety in this description, in that the representations of the rotation group correspond only to integer spin and as we know half integer spin exists in nature also. This issue was also addressed by Wigner, who generalized the correspondence between elementary particles and representations to projective representations as well (see for example Wigner's collected works). The projective representations of the rotation group correspond to half integer as well as integer spin.
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I think that the simplest way to answer this question is to state the apposite. when you put, launch or deliver something in space it is nearly impossible for it not to spin. To have no angular momentum in 0g is nearly impossible. Besides vacuum random spin is the most difficult problem in space.
share|improve this answer
Spin in space is a problem because there is a lack of things to impact. i.e. on the Earth you will only spin so long before air resistance or the ground dissipates it. This is not a direct consequence of zero-gravity. This is implied by your answer, but perhaps not intentionally. Can you clarify it please? – qubyte Nov 25 '11 at 17:34
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In elementary particles all particles that have spin different than 0, spin, i.e. have angular momentum, so photons are spinning too, they have spin 1. There exist particles and systems with spin 0 (pions as an example), those do not spin :).
Since physics started from macroscopic studies one has to look at the equations that describe motion classically, very successfully. These equations, obey "Noether's theorem" that shows there are conserved quantities in the dynamics of motion coming from the symmetries of the system. Energy, momentum and angular momentum are conserved.
This means that once a path or a system rotation is established by some interaction, for example by a grazing impact of two asteroids, if there are no further interactions the asteroids will keep on spinning because the angular momentum they gave each other will be conserved individually.
So the answer to your question
is : from conservation laws. It is natural because equations of motion and conservation laws are a description of the mechanics of nature, and that is the way nature works.
Now space time and angular momentum are another story in General Relativity, where, because a rotating object has acceleration in the radial direction it distorts space time around it. For a simplified view see this experiment.
share|improve this answer
The two rotations are equal and opposite each other, adding to a zero angular momentum. – anna v Feb 6 '13 at 16:39
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Your Answer


text:
Federal forestry officials said on Monday that the die-off of trees in California forests slowed down in 2018 partly because the state has been receiving more rain.
But the U.S. Forest Service is warning that dead trees will continue to present a hazard to people and infrastructure, especially in the central and southern Sierra Nevada regions where they can provide plenty of fuel for future wildfires.
A survey found 18 million trees died in 2018, compared to 27 million in 2017. In all, over 147 million trees have died in California dating back to 2010, which was the year a five-year-long statewide drought began.
the end of that drought was officially declared last year following a wet winter which soaked much of the state in rain and left the Sierra covered in snow. Despite all the precipitation in California in 2017, the state has seen some of its worst wildfires in recorded history since then.


the conflict graph...
The conflict graph has 2*75 vertices and 150 edges
+ 78: mip = not found yet <= +inf (1; 0)
+ 352: >>>>> 1.930000000e+002 <= 2.070000000e+002 7.3% (13; 0)
+ 909: >>>>> 1.980000000e+002 <= 2.060000000e+002 4.0% (30; 8)
+ 6635: mip = 1.980000000e+002 <= tree is empty 0.0% (0; 211)
INTEGER OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOUND
Time used: 1.0 secs
Memory used: 0.8 Mb (855246 bytes)
G G G G G
B R G B R
G G G G G
G B G G G
R G G R B
Model has been successfully processed
Someone else suggested to use:
# binaries indicating color;
var is_blue{i in N, j in N}, binary;
var is_green{i in N, j in N}, binary;
var is_red{i in N, j in N}, binary;
# color counts
var blues;
var greens;
var reds;
I don't think this results in a very clean model (invalid link:thread has been removed). If you have similar variables that behave in the same way, in general it is better to add an index position so the variables can be folded into one larger structure. We can even take this approach one step further: instead of three similar constraints we can use a single constraint block using an additional set describing the implications. Note that the suggested model here (invalid link:thread has been removed) gives a different solution than my model (even after changing the objective to make the points identical) because the border is handled differently from what the poster proposed.
Update: the set neighbor should be rewritten as:
set neighbor{i in I, j in I} := setof{i1 in max(i-1,1)..min(i+1,n),j1 in max(j-1,1)..min(j+1,n): i1!=i and j1!=j}(i1,j1);
display neighbor;
to reflect what the poster indicated (see the comments).
The other post that caught my eye was this one:
Hi Everyone,
I am looking for some help with the following problem:
Let's say I have a number of print jobs (tax statements, bills etc.)
Each print job has 1 basestock and up to 6 brochures.
e.g. A tax statement prints on blue basestock and has 2 brochures (My Tax and Tax Breaks for Pensioners)
The machines that the print jobs run on have 6 hoppers for brochures and 2 trays for basestock.
I can combine the print jobs into sets, thus minimising the set up time for the machine.
e.g. If I combine 3 jobs into 1 batch, then when I run this batch on the machine I only need to to one setup.
The problem seems to be, to find the minimum number of collections that the sets can be grouped into.
e.g. I have the following print jobs:
Job 1:
Basestock A, Brochures 1, 2, 3, 4
Job 2:
Basestock B, Brochures 2,3
Job 3:
Basestock A, Brochures 5,6,7
I can combine Jobs 2 and 3, becuase this gives me a batch with 2 basestocks and 6 brochures which is within the capabilities of the machine.
So I am left with two batches:
Batch 1: Job 1
Batch 2: Jobs 2 and 3
I am looking for an algorithm that will provide the smallest number of
collections
Any assistance would be much appreciated
I don't think the description or my understanding of it is completely correct. E.g. I think job 2 + job 3 leads to a batch of 5 brochures instead of 6. If we combine jobs 1 and 2 we use brochures 2,3 in for both jobs. I assume this is ok, and that it actually saves a spot for brochures. The advice was given to use a MIP model (this is actually not a bad idea at all), but the suggested model is not that good:
Perhaps you can make a ILP model to solve it. Suppose you have n jobs,you can define binary variable x[i,j] (1 <= i <= n,1 <= j <= n) to show if the job i and the job j are in the same batch, As jobs are given,you can get a parameter c[i,j] to show if the job i and the job j can be in the same batch (for your example, c[2,3]=1 ,c[1,2]=0).Then
you set up such constraints:
x[i,j]=1 (i!=j) means that job i and job j are in the same batch
x[i,j]=1 (i==j)means that job i are put in the batch solely
for any i: sum( x[i,j])=1 1 <= j <= n
for any i,j :x[i,j]=x[j,i]
for any i: if c[i,j]==0 then x[i,j]=0 1 <= j <= n
Last,you set up the object:
min = sum( x[i,j]) 1 <= i <= n, i <= j <= n
This does not look right. First you need probably something like a binary variable x[i,k] indicating whether job i goes into batch k. Then the rest of the model should follow. Assuming I interpret the problem correctly, the model could look like
set BROCHURES;
set BASESTOCK;
set JOBS;
set BATCHES;
set Brochures{JOBS};
set BaseStock{JOBS};
param numHoppers;
param numTrays;
var x{JOBS,BATCHES} binary;
var batchUse{BATCHES} >= 0, <= 1;
var batchBrochure{BATCHES,BROCHURES} >= 0, <= 1;
var batchBaseStock{BATCHES,BASESTOCK} >= 0, <= 1;
minimize obj: sum{k in BATCHES} batchUse[k];
batchUsage{i in JOBS, k in BATCHES}: x[i,k] <= batchUse[k];
allJobs{i in JOBS}: sum{k in BATCHES} x[i,k] = 1;
calcBatchBrochures{k in BATCHES,b in BROCHURES,i in JOBS:b in Brochures[i]}:
 batchBrochure[k,b] >= x[i,k];
brochureCapacity{k in BATCHES}: sum{b in BROCHURES} batchBrochure[k,b] <= numHoppers;
calcBatchBaseStock{k in BATCHES,b in BASESTOCK,i in JOBS:b in BaseStock[i]}:
 batchBaseStock[k,b] >= x[i,k];
baseStockCapacity{k in BATCHES}: sum{b in BASESTOCK} batchBaseStock[k,b] <= numTrays;
solve;
display x;
data;
set BROCHURES := 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;
set BASESTOCK := A B;
set JOBS := job1 job2 job3;
set BATCHES := batch1 batch2 batch3;
set Brochures['job1'] := 1 2 3 4;
set Brochures['job2'] := 2 3;
set Brochures['job3'] := 5 6 7;
set BaseStock['job1'] := A;
set BaseStock['job2'] := B;
set BaseStock['job3'] := A;
param numHoppers := 6;
param numTrays := 2;
end;
I am a little bit careful here in exploiting that some variable are automatically integer when they become binding. So we only need to keep x as binary. These relaxed variables (batchUse, batchBrochure, batchBaseStock) can be considered as bounds, and they are free to move when not binding. In the case of batchUse the objective will drive the variable down to zero. In the case of batchBrochure, batchBaseStock we don't really care about their precise value, as long as they fulfill their role in making sure the capacity is not exceeded. Putting it differently, the calcBatchBrochures and calcBatchBaseStock inequalities implement the logical condition:
if x[i,k]=1 then batchBrochure[k,b]=1 else leave batchBrochure[k,b] unrestricted
if x[i,k]=1 then batchBaseStock[k,b]=1 else leave batchBaseStock[k,b] unrestricted
When batchBrochure[k,b],


text:
I have some apps that seem to be fine with App memory/CPU usage and DB CPU usage, but very high DB Memory usage. What are some common mistakes people have seem that can cause this? I've read one suggestion such as the following: " Mistakes that are often made in long microflows is clearing lists for instance after there use is no longer needed." How exactly would clearing a list cause DB Memory usage to be high?
In my experience, the following 2 things result in high database memory usage:
microflows that update a large number of objects in the database or update large numbers database objects with individual create/update/delete activities. These kinds of microflows can lead to very large database transactions that don't complete until the microflow is done. This best practice talks about this in some more detail: _URL_
queries (retrieve activities or datagrids/listviews/templategrids) that perform complex multi-entity joins on entities with a lot of records. No quick way to tune these, just understanding what your users need and seeing if there are better or quicker ways to accomplish these things. Indexes can be helpful here too.