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Prince of Wales Hotel National Historic Site
The Prince of Wales Hotel National Historic Site © Parks Canada
Built in 1926-27 during one of Waterton's windiest and snowiest winters, the Prince of Wales Hotel is the park's most recognized landmark.
During its construction the extreme weather conditions and poor access created many problems for contractors Douglas Oland and James Scott, from Cardston, Alberta.
On December 10, 1926 hurricane-force winds (estimated at 145 km/hr) blew each of the hotel's wings about 7.5 cm off their foundation. The men managed to winch the sections back in line. Three months later winds reached speeds of over 129 km/hr, again pushing the building off its foundation. This time Oland feared structural damage if they tried to pull back the now fully-framed building so he decided to leave it slightly out of plumb.
The hotel is named after Edward, Prince of Wales who later became King Edward VIII, and, like its namesake, it has a colourful history. If its Douglas fir pillars could talk they would tell you a tale of American imagination and money, built with Canadian grit and patience.
A Railway Hotel
Today many people recognize the Prince of Wales as a railway hotel, but few realize it was built by the Great Northern of United States and not the Canadian Pacific.
The last in a chain of 1920s luxury hotels, backcountry chalets and tent camps, the Prince of Wales offered a final stop for affluent visitors travelling Glacier National Park's backcountry by horseback.
For just over $1,000 you could ride the train to either East or West Glacier and then enjoy a week's adventure in the wilderness via several routes created by the Great Northern. After 1927, many folks chose to go to Goat Haunt's backcountry ranger station and hop aboard the M.V. International to come to Waterton. After a stay at the Prince of Wales hotel, guests were bussed back to Montana to catch their train home.
The Second World War and the 1930s depression put an end to this mode of travel through Glacier and into Waterton but many of the hotels and two of the chalets remain.
A National Historic Site
In February 1993 the Historic Sites and Monuments Board approved the Prince of Wales' designation as a National Historic Site, recognizing its architectural style (rustic design tradition, with peaked roofs, gables, balconies and timber-frame interior that give it an appearance of a giant alpine chalet) and its contribution to tourism in the mountains. On July 23, 1995 a commemorative plaque ceremony was held at the hotel.
More information on the Prince of Wales National Historic Site


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Medical Subject Headings
Bibliotherapy; History, 19th Century; Mental Disorders/therapy
Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment | Library and Information Science | Mental and Social Health | Psychiatry and Psychology | Rehabilitation and Therapy
Introduction: Hospital libraries, including ones designed for patient use, share a common history with hospitals in the evolution of health care delivery 1. The library as a component of the early "insane asylum" in the United States is well documented, and many had been established by the mid-nineteenth century. While these libraries certainly existed as a means of recreation for asylum patients, this historical communication will demonstrate they also served as a center for "bibliotherapy," the use of reading as a means of healing.
Levin, Len L. and Gildea, Ruthann, "Bibliotherapy: tracing the roots of a moral therapy movement in the United States from the early nineteenth century to the present" (2013). University of Massachusetts Medical School. Library Publications and Presentations. Paper 143.
Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons, Library and Information Science Commons, Mental and Social Health Commons, Psychiatry and Psychology Commons, Rehabilitation and Therapy Commons

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Difference Between Oat and Wheat
Oat vs. Wheat
What is the difference between oats and wheat? We often hear these names on TV ads, or see them labeled on popular food boxes at the groceries. One thing is for sure, these products are cereals, which means that they are edible items; not to mention, they offer their consumers some health benefits, for example, their protein content.
Oats, as what these cereals are commonly called, are scientifically named as Avena sativa. They are one of the popular cereal species that has being grown to harvest its seeds. Due to their nature, oats are used in various ways. These products can be eaten by humans, for example, the popular oatmeal or rolled oats. Animals can also make use of these products in the form of oat feeds. Two familiar animals that consume this product are horses and cattle. Although nowadays, oats is being incorporated in the foods of certain domesticated animals, like cats and dogs.
On the contrary, wheat, or Triticum spp., is actually a kind of grass. It has become widely commercialized throughout the world, and is nowadays ranked as the third most produced cereal-like product, following maize and rice. As it is produced almost everywhere, it has become one of the staple foods, and is currently being used to make flours for breads, cakes and pastries.
Amazingly, wheat products are not only limited to baking, because this grass is highly fermentable, which makes it a very good choice for beer production. Its environmental importance is also not hidden to the public, since this grass is one of those plants that have been used to harness natural fuels, termed as biofuels. Moreover, its value does not end there, for wheat can also be used in the realm of construction. Actually, its straw is used as a thatch for roofing.
In a carefully observed scientific study done in 2002 at the Colorado State University, these two products were shown to have a very big impact on the overall nutrition and diet of an individual. An under accurate lipoprotein analyses with the subjects revealed that an oat diet was able to reduce LDL (bad cholesterol) by 2.5%, whereas, a wheat diet propelled the value by 8%.
1. Oats are typically eaten by humans as oatmeal or rolled oats, while wheat is a raw product that is used to make flours for baking cakes and pastries.
2. Wheat can also be used in construction, harnessing fuels, and for making beer or other similar alcoholic beverages.
3. An oat diet tends to lower LDL levels when compared to a wheat diet. In turn, this makes oats the best cereal to counter heart diseases.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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About Gridded Flash Flood Guidance:
The 12 National Weather Service (NWS) River Forecast Centers (RFC) across the continental United States (CONUS) produce Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) products for the purposes of helping NWS Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs) monitor and forecast flash flooding events. Flash Flood Guidance is an estimate of the amount of rainfall required over a given area during a given duration to cause small streams to flood. These estimates are based on the current soil moisture and stream flow conditions for the area. The RFCs issue FFG grids at 4-km resolution for 1-, 3-, and 6-hour rainfall durations.
About Headwater Guidance:
Headwater guidance is the basin averaged rainfall required to produce flooding at an RFC basin outlet.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The cross represents the Christian identity of the platform. It signifies both the central symbol of the faith and is also a surrogate for "T" – indicating that TFL is a digital platform engaged in Christian theology. Additionally, it symbolises a dynamic confluence of sorts – a crossroad – between Word and world, Church and marketplace, theory and praxis. TFL is a means to enhance the learning journey of a Christian: enabling learning anywhere and anytime, where ministry skills could be developed, and contemporary issues engaged.
The three curved lines represent the 3 dimensions of "Theology for LIFE," where theology encompasses life-long learning, is lived out, and life-giving. That these lines curve in parallel indicates that the enterprise of learning theology is integral, involving our head, heart, and hands. This is reaffirmed in our tag line: Learn. Grow. Equip.


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U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - Independent Statistics and Analysis
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the different coal prices published by EIA?
EIA publishes various coal prices including futures prices, mine prices, captive and open market sales prices, and delivered prices.
- Spot Price is the price for a one-time open market transaction for immediate delivery purchased "on the spot" at current market rates.
- NYMEX Futures Price are prices on contracts on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) for the delivery of a specified quantity of a commodity at a specified time and place in the future.
- Mine Sales Price is calculated from the free on board (FOB) value of coal at the coal mine without any insurance or freight transportation charges added.
- Captive Sales Price is the FOB sale price for coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies.
- Open Market Sales Price is the price of coal sold on the open market to companies other than the reporting company's parent company or a subsidiary of the parent company.
Last updated: November 14, 2012
Other FAQs about Coal
- Does EIA have county-level energy production data?
- Does EIA publish coking coal prices?
- From what country does the U.S. import the most coal?
- How do I convert between short tons and metric tons?
- How large are U.S. coal reserves?
- How many and what kind of power plants are there in the United States?
- How much coal, natural gas, or petroleum is used to generate a kilowatt-hour of electricity?
- Which states produce the most coal?
- To what country does the U.S. export the most coal?
- What are the different coal prices published by EIA?
- What is the average heat content of U.S. coal?
- What types and amounts of energy are produced in each state?


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Oxidation of Hydrocarbons Released from Piston Crevices of S.I. Engines
This work presents a numerical method for predictions of HC oxidation in the cold turbulent wall jet emerging from the piston top land crevice in an S.I. engine, using a complex chemical reaction model. The method has been applied to an engine model geometry with the aim to predict the HC oxidation rate under engine - relevant conditions. According to the simulation a large amount of HC survives oxidation due to the long ignition delay of the wall jet emitted from the crevice. This ignition delay, in turn depends mainly on chemical composition and temperature of the gas mixture in the crevice and also on the temperature distribution in the cylinder boundary layer.


Under an agreement just signed between the European Union and the United States, airlines must provide personal information on passengers traveling to the U.S. from Europe, including details about their race, religion, political affiliations, sexual orientation and health. The argument is that the September 11 attacks could have been prevented if such a system had been in place.
What does this mean for people living with HIV? The 1993 U.S. HIV travel ban already requires passengers entering the country to disclose their HIV status, so advocates are more concerned about the requirements on disclosing sexual orientation and other details of their personal lives.
"They're maintaining that this is about counterterrorism, but they're certainly not explaining why these specific categories are necessary to move toward that stated goal," says Nancy Ordover, Assistant Director for Research and Federal Affairs at the New York-based Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC). "How is someone's sex life related to counterterrorism? Obviously there's something else going on here."


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Scrabble words containing "CROPPED"
Scrabble Words that contain: CROPPED
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- synonyms of CROPPED
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- definition & scrabble score of CROPPED
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Matching Words By Number of Letters
Anagrammer is a game resource site that has been extremely popular with players of popular games like Scrabble, Lexulous, WordFeud, Letterpress, Ruzzle, Hangman and so forth. We maintain regularly updated dictionaries of almost every game out there. To be successful in these board games you must learn as many valid words as possible, but in order to take your game to the next level you also need to improve your anagramming skills, spelling, counting and probability analysis. Make sure to bookmark every unscrambler we provide on this site. Explore deeper into our site and you will find many educational tools, flash cards and so much more that will make you a much better player. This page includes start with, end with and containing of CROPPED, do not miss the additional links under "More about: CROPPED"


Add Attribute Rule (Data Management)
Summary
Adds an attribute rule to a dataset.
Attribute rules are user-defined rules that can be added to a dataset to enhance the editing experience and help enforce data integrity. These rules can be used to populate attribute values or constrain permissible feature configurations and are enforced during feature editing. If a rule is violated when editing a feature, an error message will be returned.
Learn more about attribute rules
Learn about the Arcade scripting language
Usage
 - Batch calculation and validation rules are evaluated using the validation server for datasets that are branch versioned. To add these rule types, the database connection must be set to Branch for the Versioning Type.
 - The dataset must have a GlobalID field.
 - Adding an attribute rule requires an exclusive lock on the dataset. You must close any active connections to the dataset, which may include stopping any services.
 - The expression used to define an attribute rule is limited to the functionality available using the Arcade language.
 - You can reference a database sequence created by the Create Database Sequence tool in the Script Expression parameter using the NextSequenceValue Arcade data function.
 - To transfer existing attribute rules to another dataset, you can use the Export Attribute Rules and Import Attribute Rules tools instead of running this tool multiple times.
 - Note:
 Once you add attribute rules to a dataset, the minimum client version for the dataset is ArcGIS Pro 2.1. This means that the dataset will no longer be available for use in ArcMap.
Syntax
AddAttributeRule(in_table, name, type, script_expression, {is_editable}, {triggering_events}, {error_number}, {error_message}, {description}, {subtype}, {field}, {exclude_from_client_evaluation}, {batch}, {severity}, {tags})
ParameterExplanationData Type
in_table
The table or feature class that will have the new rule applied.
Table View
name
A unique name for the new rule.
String
type
Specifies the type of attribute rule to add.
 - CALCULATIONAutomatically populate attribute values for features when another attribute is set on a feature. These rules are applied based on the triggering events specified. Long running calculations can be set to run in batch mode and will be evaluated at a user defined time.When adding multiple calculation rules, the order in which the rules are added is important if there are circular dependencies. For example, Rule A calculates Field1 is equal to the value of $feature.Field2 + $feature.Field3, and Rule B calculates Field4 is equal to $feature.Field1 + $feature.Field5; the results of the calculation may be very different depending on the order the rules are added.
 - CONSTRAINTSpecify permissible attribute configurations on a feature. When the constraint rule is violated, an error is generated and the feature is not stored. For example, if the value of Field A must be less than the sum of Field B and Field C, an error will be generated when that constraint is violated.
 - VALIDATIONCheck for existing features with a batch validation process. Rules are evaluated at a user defined time. When a rule is violated, an error feature is created. The type of rule can only be used for data that has been set up for branch versioning.
String
script_expression
An Arcade expression that defines the rule.
Calculator Expression
is_editable
(Optional)
Specifies whether the attribute value can be edited. Attribute rules can be configured to either block or allow editors to edit the attribute values of the field being calculated. This parameter is only applicable for the calculation attribute rule type.
 - EDITABLEEditors will be able to edit the attribute value. This is the default.
 - NONEDITABLEEditors will not be able to edit the attribute value.
Boolean
triggering_events
[triggering_events,...]
(Optional)
Specifies the editing events that will trigger the attribute rule to take effect. This parameter is valid for calculation and constraint rule types only. At least one triggering event must be provided for calculation rules in which the Batch parameter is unchecked (batch=NOT_BATCH in Python). Triggering events are not applicable for calculation rules that have the Batch parameter checked (batch=BATCH in Python).
 - INSERTThe rule will be applied when a new feature is added.
 - UPDATEThe rule will be applied when a feature has been updated.
 - DELETEThe rule will be applied when a feature has been deleted.
String
error_number
(Optional)
An error number that will be returned when this rule is violated. This value is not required to be unique, so you may have the same custom error number returned for multiple rules.
This parameter is required for the constraint and validation rules; it is optional for calculation rules.
String
error_message
(Optional)
An error message that will be returned when this rule is violated. It is recommended that you use a descriptive message to help the editor understand the violation when it occurs. The message is limited to 2000 characters.
This parameter is required for the constraint and validation rules; it is optional for calculation rules.
String
description
(Optional)
The description of the new attribute rule. The description is limited to 256 characters.
String
subtype
(Optional)
The subtype to which the rule will be applied if the dataset has subtypes.
String
field
(Optional)
The name of an existing field to which the rule will be applied. This parameter is required for the calculation attribute rule type; it is not applicable for the constraint rule type.
String
exclude_from_client_evaluation
(Optional)
Specifies whether the rule will be evaluated before edits are applied. Because not all clients may have the capability to run all of the available rules, you can choose to flag a rule for simple clients only. For example, some rules may refer to data that has not been made available to all clients (reasons can include the data is offline, size, or security), or some rules may depend on the user or context (that is, a lightweight field update in ArcGIS Collector may not execute some rule that requires additional user input or knowledge; however, a client such as ArcGIS Pro may support it). This parameter is not applicable for validation rules or calculation rules if the batch parameter is BATCH.
 - EXCLUDEThe rule will be excluded from client evaluation.
 - INCLUDEThe rule will be executed for all clients. This is the default.
Boolean
batch
(Optional)
Specifies whether the rule will be executed in batch mode.
 - BATCHThe rule evaluation will be executed at a later time by executing validate.
 - NOT_BATCHTriggering events will be used to determine when the rule is evaluated for insert, update, or delete operations. This is the default.
Calculation rules can be either BATCH or NOT_BATCH. Validation rules are always BATCH for this property, and constraint rules are always NOT_BATCH.
Batch rules are only supported for data with branch versioning enabled.
Boolean
severity
(Optional)
The severity of the error.
A value within the range of 1 through 5 can be chosen to define the severity of the rule. A value of 1 is high, being the most severe, and value of 5 is low, being the least severe. For example, you could provide a low severity for a specific attribute rule and ignore the error during data production workflows, or set a high severity in which the error would need to be fixed for accuracy of data collected.
This property is only applicable to validation rules.
Long
tags
[tags,...]
(Optional)
A set of tags to identify the rule (searchable and indexable) as a way to map to a functional requirement in a data model. To enter multiple tags, use a semicolon delimiter, for example, Tag1;Tag2;Tag3.
String
Derived Output
NameExplanationData Type
out_table
The updated input table with an attribute rule added.
Table View
Code sample
AddAttributeRule example 1 (Python window)
Add a calculation rule that calculates the labeltext field of the GasPipes feature class.
'''****************************************************************************
Name: AddAttributeRule_example1.py
Description: This script adds a calcualtion rule to a feature class
Created by: Esri
****************************************************************************'''
# Import required modules
import arcpy
# Set local variables
in_table = "C:\\MyProject\\sdeConn.sde\\progdb.user1.GasPipes"
name = "calculateRuleLabel"
script_expression = 'if ($feature.material == 5) {return "Plastic"} else {return "Other"}'
triggering_events = "INSERT;UPDATE"
description = "Populate label text"
subtype = "Coated Steel"
field = "labeltext"
# Run the AddAttributeRule tool
arcpy.AddAttributeRule_management


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Canary Islands Move To Lessen Salt
As first reported in the islands' Round Town News in January, the Canary Islands is considering taking an unprecedented step toward tackling rising salt levels in their territorial waters. The culprit is also an island necessity: the same desalination plants that provide the island chain with fresh tap water also discharge high levels of brine into the ocean during the process.
Desalination processes are big business in the largely affluent Canary Islands and throughout Mediterranean Spain, where drought and water shortages are an acute fact of life. The Spanish Ministry of Environment, therefore, awarded a grant of nearly 600,000 euros to Instituto Tecnologico de Canarias in hopes that the Institute will develop a means of desalination that does not emit such high levels of salt into the surrounding waters, out of concern for the health of marine life, fish stocks, and sea plants on the coast. As population rises in both Spain and its island territories, desalination will, of course, increase as a necessary tool for clean water production, and hopes are high that the grant will help further clean up a valuable commodity.
Other organizations are hoping the same, as the Institute is being joined by a who's who of Canary Island research organizations, including the islands' Institute for Marine Sciences and the Center for Research and Experimentation of Public Works.
-Equatorial Press Staff Report. Photo Courtesy of Fab.


Limiting Magnitude
This is the magnitude (or brightness) of the faintest star that can be seen with a telescope. The larger the number, the fainter the star that can be seen. An approximate formula for determining the visual limiting magnitude of a telescope is 7.5 + 5 log aperture (in cm).
This is the formula that we use with all of the telescopes we carry, so that our published specs will be consistent from aperture to aperture, from manufacturer to manufacturer. Some telescope makers may use other unspecified methods to determine the limiting magnitude, so their published figures may differ from ours.
Keep in mind that this formula does not take into account light loss within the scope, seeing conditions, the observer's age (visual performance decreases as we get older), the telescope's age (the reflectivity of telescope mirrors decreases as they get older), etc. The limiting magnitudes specified by manufacturers for their telescopes assume very dark skies, trained observers, and excellent atmospheric transparency – and are therefore rarely obtainable under average observing conditions. The photographic limiting magnitude is always greater than the visual (typically by two magnitudes).
. . . our 39th year


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IBT MATHEMATICAL NEUROSCIENCE AWARD AT BRAINTECH 2019
The prize honors researchers who have significantly advanced our understanding of the neural mechanisms of perception, behavior and thought through the application of mathematical analysis and theoretical modeling.
This year again, two winners were selected to each receive this prestigious $100,000 prize for their achievements.
CONGRATULATIONS TO THE WINNERS!
Professor Naftali Tishby
Prof. Tishby holds the Ruth and Stan Flinkman Chair for Brain Research at the Hebrew University, works at the interface of computer science and neuroscience. His research on information processing in biological systems has led to new insights important for both machine learning and brain function including language, the action-perception cycle, biological sensory hierarchies and deep learning.
Professor John Rinzel
Prof. Rinzel is Professor of Neural Science and Mathematics at New York University who has played a pioneering role in the application of mathematical analyses to neural systems. His work has illuminated our understanding of the role of neural dynamics in cognition and behavior, with key contributions in fields ranging from neuronal biophysics to auditory perception.


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AEPA Elementary Education 01
Product ID: 9781581977387
Publication Date: 10/06/06
Developed for beginning Elementary Education teachers, this state-aligned study guide reviews the core competencies and skills tested on the AEPA Elementary Education certification exam, including the domains of Language Arts; Mathematics; Science; Social Studies; and the Arts. Prepare for the real test with 80 multiple-choice questions and an essay response. Complete your study session using the full answer rationales.
"Last spring I instructed a group of students to go to the bookstore and compare several NYSTCE Study Guides and then tell me which guide they thought was most useful. The WINNER was XAMonline.com."
Janet Drummond, Director of Certification at Aldephi University School of Education


%0 Journal Article %J Notornis %D 2015 %T Gender and geographic variation in morphometrics of white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis) in New Zealand and their foraging activities as determined from fisheries bycatch %A Claudia P. Mischler %A C.J.R. Robertson %A Elizabeth A. Bell %K bycatch %K discriminant function analysis %K fisheries %K foraging %K geographic %K morphometric %K White-chinned petrel %X
Discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to determine gender and geographic variation in the morphometrics of white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis) measured from fisheries bycatch in New Zealand. Samples were divided into 5 clusters based on capture location. A DFA model was created using adult breeding birds presumed to be from the 2 main locations at the Auckland Islands and Antipodes Islands. Geographic variation in head and bill, skull width, culmen, culmen depth at base, culmen width at base, right and left mid-toe and claw, tail, and right and left wing was found between birds presumed to be from the 'Auckland' and 'Antipodes' clusters, with 'Antipodes' birds being generally larger than 'Auckland' birds. Gender variation in head and bill, skull width, culmen, culmen depth at base, culmen width at base, minimum bill depth, right and left mid-toe and claw, right wing, right and left tarsus existed for 'Auckland' birds. Gender variation in head and bill, skull width, culmen, culmen depth at base, culmen width at base, minimum bill depth, right and left mid-toe and claw, and tail existed for 'Antipodes' birds. Birds in the other 3 clusters were classified as originating from the Auckland Islands or Antipodes Islands. The clustering suggested that birds from the Auckland Islands tended to forage mostly north and west, whereas birds from the Antipodes Islands foraged mostly towards the north. There were large overlaps at Puysegur Point and particularly the Chatham Rise of birds from both breeding locations. This study shows the usefulness of bycatch necropsies, and emphasises the need for further studies in geographic variation and sexual dimorphism at all New Zealand breeding locations.
%B Notornis %V 62 %P 63-70 %G eng %N 2 %9 Full Article %> _URL_ %0 Journal Article %J Notornis %D 2009 %T A very white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) off Kaikoura %A Colin M. Miskelly %K dispersal %K distribution %K Procellaria aequinoctialis %K vagrancy %K White-chinned petrel %B Notornis %V 56 %P 46-48 %G eng %N 1 %9 short note %1 Notornis_56_1_46.pdf %> _URL_ %0 Journal Article %J Notornis %D 2005 %T Distribution, abundance, habitat use and behaviour of three Procellaria petrels off South America %A Larry B. Spear %A David G. Ainley %A Sophie W. Webb %K abundance %K distribution %K Parkinson's petrel %K Procellaria %K South America %K Westland Petrel %K White-chinned petrel %X We studied the distribution along the Pacific coast of South and Central America of three large petrels species that nest on New Zealand and subantarctic islands: white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis), Parkinson's petrel (P. parkinsoni) and Westland petrel (P. westlandica). During 15 cruises from 1980 to 1995, we conducted 1,020 hrs of surveys over 14,277 km2 of ocean from the shoreline to 1500 km off the coast from Chile north to Panama, and recorded 2114, 179, and 20 individuals, respectively, of the three species. White-chinned petrels occurred throughout the study area, but were most abundant off Chile, Parkinson's petrels were most abundant along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and Westland petrels off southern Chile. All three species preferred waters over the continental slope, although Parkinson's petrel was abundant also over the continental shelf during the austral winter. Densities of each species were positively related to oceanographic properties that are associated with upwelling features. Abundance estimates, analyzed using generalized additive models, peaked during the non-breeding season of each species. Estimates were 722,000 White-chinned petrels during austral autumn (95% confidence interval "CI" = 349,000 – 907,000); 38,000 Parkinson's petrels during austral autumn (95% CI = 28,000 – 50,000); and 3,500 Westland petrels during the austral spring (95% CI = 2,000 – 6,400). Scavenging appeared to be the primary feeding method of Procellaria, a habit that would make them susceptible to mortality as a result of their regular association with commercial fishing operations, particularly the recently developed long-line fishery on the continental slope of Chile. %B Notornis %V 52 %P 88-105 %G eng %N 2 %9 paper %1 Notornis_52_2_88.pdf %> _URL_


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wp_flash_img_show will display here
USET is dedicated to promoting Indian leadership, improving the quality of life for American Indians, and protecting Indian rights and resources on Tribal lands. Although its guiding principal is unity, USET plays a major role in the self-determination of all member Tribal Nations by working to improve the capabilities of Tribal governments. Established in 1969, United South and Eastern Tribes Inc., is a non-profit, intertribal organization that collectively represents its member Tribal Nations at the regional and national level.
"Because there is Strength in Unity"


Opened 9 years ago
Closed 9 years ago
Last modified 9 years ago
#11686 closed enhancement (fixed)
Spider Chart
Reported by: JayZ(zhouxiang) Owned by: Eugene Lazutkin
Priority: high Milestone: 1.6
Component: Charting Version: 1.5
Keywords: Cc: [email protected]
Blocked By: Blocking:
Description (last modified by Adam Peller)
The spider chart consists of a sequence of equi-angular spokes, called radii, with each spoke representing one of the variables. The data length of a spoke is proportional to the magnitude of the variable for the data point relative to the maximum magnitude of the variable across all data points. A line is drawn connecting the data values for each spoke. This gives the plot a star-like appearance and the origin of the name of this plot. Spider charts are useful when you want to look at several different factors all related to one item. spider charts have multiple axes along which data can be plotted.
The "spider chart" can be a format commonly used by management consultants to show their clients how an organization compares with those in similar companies. It also can be used as the control of quality improvement to display the performance metrics of any ongoing program. Furthermore, it is also being used in sports to chart players' strengths and weaknesses. For example, you could use a spider chart to compile data about a wide receiver on a professional football team. On one axis, you could plot the percentage of passes caught. Another axis would show his yards per completion; another, his completions per 100 plays; another, blocks made; and a final axis might show his interceptions. So far as we can see, the spider has a broad application area.
Spider charts differ from radar chart in that a spider chart is a chart that has N "y" axes while radar chart has only one "y" axis, all radiating from a central point, where each "y" axis represents a specific category. For example, there are 5 "y" axes: GDP, area, population, inflation and growth here. The radar chart, however, instead of being drawn in a typical linear X/Y space, the radar chart is drawn using a circular plot, with specific X values being shown using an arbitrary number of spokes drawn from a center point. These charts are useful for showing data over a cyclical set of values (for instance, hours of a day, minutes in an hour, etc.). With a radar chart, data is plotted in much the same way as with a typical line or area chart. Actually, the radar chart is somewhat similar with line chart, the major difference between them is: line chart has a "straight" X axis while radar chart has a "circular" X axis, and the orientation of their Y axis is opposite.
demo snapshot from xiang zhou
Attachments (2)
spider_demo.png (53.6 KB) - added by Adam Peller 9 years ago.
demo snapshot from xiang zhou
spider.patch (53.2 KB) - added by Adam Peller 9 years ago.
from xiang zhou with a11y updates (IBM, CCLA)
Download all attachments as: .zip
Change History (7)
comment:1 Changed 9 years ago by JayZ(zhouxiang)
There is code for "MasterTooltip?", MasterTooltip? is a independent tooltip I separated from dojox.charting.action2d.Tooltip, so as to use tooltip everywhere in dojox.charting. Besides, the "MasterTooltip?" code here is the same as the "MasterTooltip?" code in label shortening patch(_URL_ as both of them have to use the "MasterTooltip?", and none of them are in trunk, so I put the "MasterTooltip?" code in both of these two patch.
comment:2 Changed 9 years ago by Adam Peller
Description: modified (diff)
Summary: Radar ChartSpider Chart
Changed 9 years ago by Adam Peller
Attachment: spider_demo.png added
demo snapshot from xiang zhou
comment:3 Changed 9 years ago by Adam Peller
Description: modified (diff)
Changed 9 years ago by Adam Peller
Attachment: spider.patch added
from xiang zhou with a11y updates (IBM, CCLA)
comment:4 Changed 9 years ago by Eugene Lazutkin
Resolution: fixed
Status: newclosed
(In [23513]) Charting: spider chart, thx Xiang Zhou (CCLA, IBM), !strict, fixes #11686.
comment:5 Changed 9 years ago by Eugene Lazutkin
(In [23514]) Charting: switched tooltip tests to Claro theme, !strict, refs #11686, refs #11631.
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text:
A study conducted at Unesp, in São Paulo, reveals positive use of arthropod saliva.
Your dog may be carrying a very important cancer-fighting parasite: the tick. A team of researchers, led by Unesp's biology professor Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias, was able to stem the growth of tumors by extracting the salivary gland from female ticks. The study was published at the end of 2014.
Tests performed on mice prove the effectiveness of the substance. Cancer cells were injected into the muscles of the animals and then tick saliva extract was applied. After three weeks it was noted that compared to other rodents that did not undergo treatment, the tumor cells were controlled.
The idea of using the tick's salivary gland to fight cancer didn't come out of nowhere. "There are over 400 properties in tick saliva. They are substances with various potentials, such as anti-coagulants and anti-inflammatory. So we decided to apply it to cancer cells ", explains the research coordinator, Maria Izabel, who has been studying ticks for over ten years.
"It is a substance capable of containing cell division and tumor growth" Prof. Maria Izabel
It is not known which substance is present in the salivary glands of the ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus is responsible for inhibition specifically. Further studies will be needed to know the biochemical composition of these extracts.
At first, tests were done on muscle tumors and resulted in a nearly 70% inhibition of tumor growth. Recently the team began to study the effects of the substance on the liver, lung and kidney, and found that the extract does not affect the physiological system of individuals. "It's not an anti-cancer substance because it doesn't kill the cancer cell. But it is a substance capable of containing the division and tumor growth ", reiterates Maria Izabel.


text:
Alternate Job Titles: Intermediate Level Safety Representative, Safety Representative II
How much does a Safety Representative II make? The median annual Safety Representative II salary is $67,488, as of August 03, 2017, with a range usually between $58,108-$77,835, however this can vary widely depending on a variety of factors. Our team of Certified Compensation Professionals has analyzed survey data collected from thousands of HR departments at companies of all sizes and industries to present this range of annual salaries for people with the job title Safety Representative II in the United States.
This chart describes the expected percentage of people who perform the job of Safety Representative II in the United States that make less than that annual salary. For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Safety Representative II in the United States is $67,488, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Safety Representative II in the United States are expected to make less than $67,488.
Source: HR Reported data as of August 03, 2017
This chart describes the expected percentage of people who perform the job of Safety Representative II that make less than that salary. For example 50% of the people who perform the job of Safety Representative II are expected to make less than the median.
Source: HR Reported data as of August 2017
Outlines and implements training programs to educate and inform workforce on work safety, environmental safety, and accident prevention regulations and procedures. Develops and distributes educational materials including videos, guides, and posters. Tracks and documents accidents to understand causes and recommend changes to prevent future accidents. Performs inspections and audits of facilities, equipment and processes recommending corrections or additional precautions to ensure compliance to established regulations. May participate in the training of workplace safety officers. Has a broad and current knowledge of all government and applicable industry safety regulations. Typically requires a bachelor's degree or its equivalent. Typically reports to a supervisor. Gaining exposure to some of the complex tasks within the job function. Occasionally directed in several aspects of the work. Typically requires 2 to 4 years of related experience. View full job description


text:
Virginia Tech's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia State University, Virginia Cooperative Extension, The University of Virginia, and the Virginia Food System Council with all its participating organizations initiated the Virginia Farm to Table initiative in September 2010. The goal of the initiative was to strengthen Virginia's food system and economic future through the development of a comprehensive Virginia Farm to Table Plan that informs and integrates assessment, education, development of programs and infrastructure, policy and funding recommendations to address key issues facing farmers, food entrepreneurs, and communities. The Plan would directly address 1) local regional farm and food markets 2) agricultural economic development, 3) community viability and environmental stewardship, and 4) food access, nutrition and health.Underlying assumptions and key tenets for the development of the Virginia Farm to Table Plan was that all Virginians should continued to be educated about the social, environmental and economic importance of the local food system and that quality food should be affordable and accessible to everyone in Virginia regardless of their economic means.
Virginia Farm to Table Plan (3 MB – pdf)
Executive Summary (4MB – pdf)


text:
The FAA released a Fact Sheet that lists several NTSB recommendations, followed with the FAA's considerations and actions being taken. Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) is one of the recommendations for how to improve the safety of Part 135 aircraft flight operations.
"The crash-resistant flight recorder system should record cockpit audio and images with a view of the cockpit environment to include as much of the outside view as possible," the NTSB recommended on the fact sheet. However, the document stated that the FAA is not considering rulemaking at this time for these recommendations, saying, "The FAA will examine possible ways of polling operators through their aviation safety inspectors to identify voluntary flight data monitoring (FDM) system equipage rates."
Read the full FLYING article: FAA Responds to NTSB's "Most Wanted" Safety Recommendations.
View the NTSB Most Wanted List for 2019-2020 here.
View the FAA Fact Sheet here.
FDM SOLUTIONS FROM APPAREO
Appareo provides a turnkey flight data monitoring system that includes the Vision 1000, a low-cost flight data recording solution that can be utilized on any aircraft. Click here to learn more about our flight data monitoring and flight operations quality assurance solutions.


PatriotSwitch (community library)
Name Value
Name PatriotSwitch
Version 5.1.0
Installs 777
License BSD
Author Ron Lisle
Download.tar.gz
All Versions 5.1.0, 5.0.0, 2.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.0
Extend Patriot IoT to support switches. Patriot provides support for controlling IoT devices using Alexa and iOS devices. This plugin adds the ability to add switches to control those devices wirelessly also.
Example Build Testing
Device OS Version:
Library Read Me
A Patriot plugin to support input switch devices.
This library is used to support input switch devices. Any Photon I/O pin may be used to provide on/off status.
Include this library in any Photon sketch that needs to support a Switch. Refer to the more complex examples in the main Patriot IoT examples directory.
This example creates a single switch device connected to pin D4. The internal pull-up resistor is used, so the switch needs only ground the pin to change its state. For experimenting, you can use a jumper wire to ground.
When the state of the input D4 pin changes, an event named "switch" will be published. Other device can define a behavior that uses this event.
You can use the console to monitor these events.
_TAG_
_TAG_
IoT *iot;
void setup() {
iot = IoT::getInstance();
Switch *switch1 = new Switch(D4, "Switch");
void loop() {
Refer to the Patriot Github repository and documentation for more information.
Here's how you can make changes to this library and eventually contribute those changes back.
To get started, clone the library from GitHub to your local machine.
Change the name of the library in to something different. You can add your name at then end.
Modify the sources in and with the new behavior.
To compile an example, use particle compile examples/usage command in Particle CLI or use our Desktop IDE.
After your changes are done you can upload them with particle library upload or Upload command in the IDE. This will create a private (only visible by you) library that you can use in other projects. Do particle library add IoT_myname to add the library to a project on your machine or add the IoT_myname library to a project on the Web IDE or Desktop IDE.
At this point, you can create a GitHub pull request with your changes to the original library.
If you wish to make your library public, use particle library publish or Publish command.
Copyright 2017 Ron Lisle
Refer to the included LICENSE file.
Browse Library Files


Convert SQL Table to Redis Cache Structure
When adding a distributed cache like Redis to a solution, it is important to define the data model and sets in a way that enables us to easily fetched from the cache while maintaining a similar structure to our SQL database to minimize the impact on our client applications. The challenge is to define the approach that can work within the technical specifications of the cache, yet it supports our solution.
Review the SQL Data Model
When building a good model on the cache, we need to understand how the data is retrieved from the database from the client applications. We also need to learn how to leverage the Redis key/value structure to facilitate the same data access. We can practice these principles by looking at a data model from devices that measure telemetry information like temperature and noise.
By looking ate entity above, we can notice that we can query the data/measures from this table by using the date (processed) and deviceId dimensions by using a SQL query like the one shown next:
SELECT [telemetryId]
 FROM [dbo].[Telemetry] (nolock)
 WHERE processed > dateadd(MM,-1, getdate())
 AND deviceId = '0ZA-112'
 ORDER BY telemetryId DESC
We can look at the output of this query to help us understand what data needs to be stored in the cache. However, the first question that comes to mind is how do we do this using Redis? To answer that, let's try to understand how the database is structured and then apply those concepts to Redis.
Data Structure on Redis
To build our data structure on Redis, we first start by mapping the database, schema and table names to a Redis Key that we can use to pull the data. For example, our table is in the database device with a table named telemetry. Using that information, we can create a namespace like device.dbo.telemetry. We can use this namespace to construct our Redis key, or if the schema name is not meaningful (i.e. dbo), we can shorten the namespace by removing the schema name part and use this instead: device.telemetry.
Now that we have a good Redis key, the next challenge is the ability to select the record by deviceId. On SQL server, this is done by doing a lookup for the deviceId column as was shown on the previous SQL statement.
The way we can do this on Redis is by appending the deviceId to our existent key. This generates an extended key that includes the deviceId value with this format device.telemetry.deviceId (deviceId is replaced by the value). By setting this key with the unique value, we can now query the cache for the information associated with a specific device.
How do we query by dates?
The next part of the SQL query predicate enables us to select data by using a date. That gets a bit more challenging since a date range does not match the concept of a key, so we cannot just do device.telemetry.deviceId.datetime as this limits the key to a specific date. However, Redis supports the concept of storing a sorted set or list with a specified key and a score number that can be sorted in an ascending way (older dates to most recent dates).
But what do we need a score when we need to fetch the information by date and time? Well, in programming languages, a date time stamp can be represented as a numeric value in milliseconds. This does enable us to convert a DateTime field into a numeric field and use it as a score within Redis by using the following command.
zadd device.telemetry.0ZA-112 1565379958535 "my data here"
By storing data with this numeric value/score, we can query the DateTime numeric value by using this command zrangebyscore (or zrevrangebyscore to reverse the order - descending). This command enables us to select data using a date range similar to how we would do in SQL with a between operator on the where clause. The long numbers are just DateTime values that have been converted using the native JavaScipt Date.getTime() API.
zrangebyscore device.telemetry.0ZA-112 1565379958535 1565379958999
How do we store the rest of the fields/measures?
Now that we have a way to pull data for a specific deviceId and a date range, how do we associate the data with that information? Well, this is done by serializing the rest of the information into a JSON payload and storing it into the cache as a string value. When we add a record to a sorted list with a score, we can associate data with that score as shown next:
zadd device.telemetry.0ZA-112 1565379958535 '{"telemetryId": 2076,"deviceId": "0ZA-112","temperature": 34.000}'
We can now query all the information within a particular DateTime range for a selected deviceId.
Selecting the data from multiple devices and date range:
What if we want to select the telemetry data for all devices within a particular date range? The answer to this requires us to review our approach. When we add the deviceId to the Redis key, we have set a constraint on the sorted list, and we can only query by the deviceId. The command zrangebyscore does not support the use of wildcard character (*). We can, however, change the key and remove the deviceId. This results in a new key with this namespace: device.telemetry.
By removing the deviceId from the key, we can now run the same operations with a date range, and all the devices that processed information within the date range should be selected. If the data is too massive, we can accept the trade-off of memory usage for performance by creating two sorted sets, one with the deviceId and another one without. This really depends on the particular use case. Always keep in mind, this is a cache, and the data should expire within a time constraint.
It looks like we have done a good job of reproducing our SQL data models into Redis structure that can support the same operations that we do on SQL. We have also been able to work within the specifications of the Redis commands to set our data structure in a format that enables us to retrieve the data with similar operations that we support on SQL.
Originally published by ozkary.com
The https library in Nodejs enables us to make https calls to APIs under SSL/TLS protocols (encrypted channels). When there is a communication problem in the channel, the channel is dropped from the server and the ECONNRESET error is raised on the client-side.
In Nodejs, this exception usually has the following exception detail with code source (this changes with new versions).
{ Error: read ECONNRESET
 at TLSWrap.onStreamRead (internal/stream_base_commons.js:111:27)
errno: 'ECONNRESET',
code: 'ECONNRESET', syscall:'read' }
This error is confusing because it is created by the TLSWrap.onStreamRead which may lead us to think that there is a TLS problem in communication. This is often a case when the client support version TLS 1.1 and the server only has a more recent version like TLS 1.3.
Before we start making all kinds of changes, we need to make sure that when we make a request, we do not leave the request open. When a request is made, we must always call the end() method of the ClientRequest object. This method is inherited (extended in TypeScript) from the WritableStream class.
When we make a request and do not call the end method, a socket connection is left open (internal implementation of HTTPS with TLS writable stream). Since there is not an explicit socket connection sending data to the server, the request will just hang, and the server will eventually just reset the connection thus the ECONNRESET exception on the client.
Take a look at this code snippet with the corresponding operations to terminate the request and handle other possible communication errors with the server. Take notice of the timeout and end operations.
So if you see this error, just make sure to end the request. If this is already done, and the error continues to show, we need to know what version of TLS is supported by the client, so the server can accept the connection properly. Review the secureProtocol option on the http.RequestOption options and read about tls.createSecureContext here.
Thanks for reading.
Originally published by ozkary.com


text:
If you're curious about what the HERO Program pays off, you'll be relieved to know that the payoff process is actually quite simple. Here's a breakdown of what the HERO Program will cover when it comes time to pay off your assessment:
Overall, the HERO Program aims to make the payoff process as straightforward as possible for property owners looking to complete energy-efficient upgrades, water-saving improvements, and other environmentally-friendly projects. As a home and garden enthusiast, I've seen firsthand how beneficial these upgrades can be for homeowners and the planet alike!
Understanding the HERO Program
The HERO Program (Home Energy Renovation Opportunity) is a financing program that allows homeowners to make energy-efficient upgrades to their homes such as installing solar panels, upgrading HVAC systems, and improving insulation. The program is available in many states across the United States and is gaining popularity due to its benefits.
The HERO Program is unique in that it does not require a credit check and the debt is attached to the property rather than the homeowner. This means that when a homeowner sells their property, the HERO assessment stays with the property and the new homeowner takes on the remaining payments.
The Benefits of a HERO Assessment
The benefits of a HERO assessment are plentiful. Not only does the program allow homeowners to make energy efficient upgrades that will save them money on utility bills, but it also increases the property value. According to the HERO Program website, homes with energy-efficient upgrades tend to sell for 3 to 5 percent more than those without. Additionally, the upgrades often lead to a higher quality of life for homeowners due to enhanced comfort and air quality in the home.
The HERO Program is also beneficial for contractors who specialize in energy-efficient upgrades. The program generates new business opportunities for contractors and promotes job creation in communities.
Paying off the Principal Balance with HERO
Once a homeowner chooses to participate in the HERO Program, they will receive funds from the program to cover the cost of the energy-efficient upgrades. The homeowner will then be responsible for repaying the principal balance to the program over the course of a predetermined term, typically up to 25 years.
It is important to note that payments are made along with property taxes, which allows for predictable and manageable payments. Once the principal balance is paid off, the homeowner will own the upgrades and continue to reap the benefits of the energy-efficient improvements.
Applicable Fees and Accrued Bond Interest in HERO
In addition to the principal balance, there may be applicable fees and accrued bond interest associated with the HERO assessment. These fees and interest are determined by the program based on the energy-efficient upgrades and the length of the repayment term.
Some of the applicable fees may include an administrative fee, recording fees, and a servicing fee. Additionally, accrued bond interest is charged to cover the cost of the bonds used to fund the energy-efficient upgrades.
It is important for homeowners to thoroughly review and understand these fees and interest charges before participating in the HERO Program.
HERO and Prepayment Premiums
While participants in the HERO Program typically repay their principal balance over the course of the predetermined term, there may be instances where a homeowner may want to pay off their balance early. In these cases, a prepayment premium may be applied to the remaining balance. A prepayment premium is a fee charged by the program to recover the lost interest that would have been earned had the homeowner paid off the balance over the predetermined term.
It is important for homeowners to understand the potential for prepayment premiums if they plan to pay off their HERO assessment early.
The Process of Paying off a HERO Assessment
To pay off a HERO assessment, a homeowner must contact the program and request a payoff estimate. The estimate will include the principal balance, applicable fees, accrued bond interest, and prepayment premiums, if applicable.
Once the estimate is received, the homeowner can choose to pay the entire balance or negotiate a settlement for a lower payoff amount. Upon receipt of payment, the program will release the lien on the property and the homeowner will own the upgrades outright.
It is important for homeowners to review their payoff estimate carefully and understand all fees and charges associated with paying off their balance.
In conclusion, the HERO Program provides many benefits for homeowners and contractors alike. While it is important to understand the fees and terms associated with the program, the opportunity for energy-efficient upgrades and increased property value make the HERO Program an attractive choice for many homeowners.


text:
Influence of pyridine versus piperidine ligands on the chemical, DNA binding and cytotoxic properties of light activated trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2)(NH(3))(L)]
The photocytotoxicity and photobiochemical properties of the new complex trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2) (NH3)(piperidine)](5) are compared with its analogue containing the less basic and less lipophilic ligand pyridine (4). The log P (n-octanol/water) values were of -1.16 and -1.84 for the piperidine and pyridine complexes, respectively, confirmed that piperidine increases the hydrophobicity of the complex. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations indicate that 5 has accessible singlet and triplet states which can promote ligand dissociation when populated by both UVA and visible white light. When activated by UVA or white light, both compounds showed similar cytotoxic potencies in various human cancer cell lines although their selectivity was different The time needed to reach similar antiproliferative activity was noticeably decreased by introducing the piperidine ligand. Neither compound showed cross-resistance in three oxoplatin-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, both compounds showed similar anticlonogenic activity when activated by UVA radiation. Interactions of the light-activated complexes with DNA showed similar kinetics and levels of DNA platination and similar levels of DNA interstrand cross-linking (ca. 5%). Also the ability to unwind double stranded DNA were comparable for the piperidine analogue (24 degrees, respectively), while the piperidine complex showed higher potency in changing the conformation of DNA, as measured in an ethidium bromide binding assay. These results indicate that the nature of the heterocyclic nitrogen ligand can have subtle influences on both the phototoxicity and photobiochemistry of this class of photochemotherapeutic agents. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Gravidade de Doença
9.
Turk J Pediatr ; 61(1): 40-43, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31559720
RESUMO
Zhu Y, Xu F. The pathogens and curative effects analysis of perianal abscess of infants under 3 months. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 40-43. In order to guide clinical treatment for perianal abscess of young infants, the characteristics of pathogens and curative effects analysis were conducted. Bacterial culture results, antibiotics susceptibility tests and curative effects of abscess incision were retrospectively analyzed in 66 cases of perianal abscess of infants under 3 months. There were 48 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 cases of Staphylococcus, 6 cases of Escherichia coli, 5 cases of Proteus in the pathogen culture results. Klebsiella pneumoniae, the predominant pathogen, was susceptible to most antibiotics, especially to imipenem, cefoperazonesulbactam and amikacin with low drug resistance rates. However, high drug resistance rates were found to ampicillin and nitrofurantion. After abscess incision, the complication rate of anal fistula was 6.6ï¼ in infants under 3 months and 60.3ï¼ in the adult group. There was significant difference Pï¼0.01. In conclusion, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen in perianal abscess of infants under 3 months and was commonly resistant to ampicillin and nitrofurantion. Since perianal abscess of infants under 3 months is a self-limited disorder, simple surgical intervention and synchronous sensitive antibiotic administration are suggested as the optimal management.
Assuntos
Abscesso , Doenças do Ânus , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Infecções por Klebsiella , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Abscesso/diagnóstico , Abscesso/tratamento farmacológico , Abscesso/microbiologia , Abscesso/cirurgia , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Ânus/diagnóstico , Doenças do Ânus/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Ânus/microbiologia , Doenças do Ânus/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Infecções por Escherichia coli/diagnóstico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infecções por Klebsiella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/cirurgia , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Lett Appl Microbiol ; 69(5): 333-338, 2019 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31536642
RESUMO
Due to increasing antibiotic resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae is a serious threat for the hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was the assessment of radiant catalytic ionization (RCI) efficacy on K. pneumoniae reduction in the air and on selected surfaces. Four K. pneumoniae NDM and ESBLs-producing strains were included in the study. Three types of surface were tested: cotton-polyester, terry and PVC. It was found that RCI significantly reduced the number of bacteria from all types of surface (terry: 0·56-1·22 log CFU m2 , cotton-polyester: 2·15-3·71 log CFU per m2 , PVC: 4·45-4·92 log CFU per m2 ) as well as from the air (1·80 log CFU per m3 ). The RCI technology may be a useful disinfection method in hospitals. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Microbial contamination of air and surfaces in hospitals play an important role in healthcare-associated infections. The aim was the assessment of Klebsiella pneumoniae elimination using radiant catalytic ionization (RCI). K. pneumoniae are aetiological agent of nosocomial infections, such as: pneumonia, infections of urinary tract, blood, e.t.c. The strains producing the New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamases are one of the greatest epidemiological threat. The use of RCI eliminate the tested bacteria from the hospital environment, but can also be effective in food processing plants or public facilities, ensuring the safety of people and products. This research is scarce in references and has a large innovation and application potential.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Klebsiella/prevenção & controle , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos da radiação , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Ar , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Humanos , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos da radiação , Radiação Ionizante
11.
Nat Commun ; 10(1): 3957, 2019 09 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31477712
RESUMO
Carbapenem-resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) sequence type ST258 is mediated by carbapenemases (e.g. KPC-2) and loss or modification of the major non-selective porins OmpK35 and OmpK36. However, the mechanism underpinning OmpK36-mediated resistance and consequences of these changes on pathogenicity remain unknown. By solving the crystal structure of a clinical ST258 OmpK36 variant we provide direct structural evidence of pore constriction, mediated by a di-amino acid (Gly115-Asp116) insertion into loop 3, restricting diffusion of both nutrients (e.g. lactose) and Carbapenems. In the presence of KPC-2 this results in a 16-fold increase in MIC to Meropenem. Additionally, the Gly-Asp insertion impairs bacterial growth in lactose-containing medium and confers a significant in vivo fitness cost in a murine model of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Our data suggests that the continuous selective pressure imposed by widespread Carbapenem utilisation in hospital settings drives the expansion of KP expressing Gly-Asp insertion mutants, despite an associated fitness cost.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Porinas/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Cristalografia por Raios X , Feminino , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mutação , Porinas/química , Porinas/metabolismo , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Virulência/genética
12.
BMC Surg ; 19(1): 111, 2019 Aug 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31412850
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bacteraemia of the donor is not considered to be contraindication of organ procurement. On the other hand, infection of solid organ transplant recipients remains to be a major cause of their morbidity and mortality. When using organs from bacteraemic donors, individual risks need to be


text:
Splendid Symbols : Textiles and Traditions in Indonesia
Washington D.C.: The Textile Museum, 1979
During the 1970s and early 1980s, interest in Southeast Asian textiles "took off,"
according to Michael Howard (see Textiles of Southeast Asia below). A number of
important books on Indonesian textiles were also published. This particular book became the standard reference work for collectors at the time. Several chapters are devoted to exploring the role of textiles in the social customs and religion of Indonesia, followed by individual chapters discussing the general characteristics of textiles in 14 geographic areas: Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Solor and Lembata, Timor, Roti, Savu and Ndao, Southern Moluccas, Kisar and Tanimbar, Ceram, Sulawesi, Sangir and Talaud, and Borneo. This book was originally published to document a comprehensive exhibition of Indonesian textiles from the holdings of The Textile Museum and private collections. The quality of the photographs (largely black and white) is far superior in more recent publications.


text:
More than 36 million Americans have a disability. Improving the health of this large segment of the population is a central concern for public health. This chartbook presents information about the health of adults with disabilities in Oregon. The information in this book can be used by people with disabilities, their family members, policy makers, health professionals, disability service providers, and others interested in the health and well-being of people with disabilities.
The information in this book came from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS is a telephone survey that asks about health, behaviors that affect health, and access to health care. The survey is random, meaning that any resident might be called. However, some groups of people are not included. Children under age 18 and people who are in an institution, such as a jail or nursing home, are not included in the survey. People who have no telephone or only have a cell phone are not included. Those who do not speak English or Spanish are not included. Some people who have a disability may not be included because they do not understand the questions, cannot get to the phone in time, or use a special telephone that sounds to the caller like a fax machine.
The BRFSS survey is done every year by each state or territory health department.
The information used for this book was collected in Oregon in 2008.
What do we mean by "disability"?
In the BRFSS survey, people are considered to have a disability if they answer "Yes" to one or both of the following questions:
- Are you limited in any way in any activities because of physical, mental, or emotional problems?
- Do you now have any health problem that requires you to use special equipment, such as a cane, a wheelchair, a special bed, or a special telephone?
Disability in Oregon
How many people in Oregon have a disability?
About 746,663 Oregon adults age 18 and older have a disability. This is a little more than one quarter (25.7%) of the adult population of Oregon in 2008.
What age groups are most impacted by disability?
Disability becomes more common as people age. In the 18-39 age range, 15.1% of Oregon adults have a disability. Among 40-59 year olds, 27.1% have a disability and among 60-79 year olds, 36.7% have a disability. Among Oregon adults age 80 or older, 47.1% have a disability.
How much education do people with disabilities have?
Over seven percent (7.6%) of people with disabilities have less than a high school education, 27.2% have a high school education only, 34.7% have attended some college or technical school, and 30.5% of people with disabilities are college graduates.
Of people without disabilities, 9.2% have less than a high school education, 27.0% have a high school education only, 27.8% have attended some college or technical school, and 36.0% are college graduates.
How many people with disabilities are employed?
Among people with disabilities, 31.8% are employed for wages, 7.9% are self-employed, 3.6% have been out of work for more than a year, 4.1% have been out of work for less than a year, 6.7% are homemakers, 4.2% are students, 26.9% are retired, and 14.9% are unable to work.
In contrast, 56.3% of people without disabilities are employed for wages, 10.2% are self-employed, 1.6% have been out of work for more than a year, 3.4% have been out of work for less than a year, 8.3% are homemakers, 4.7% are students, 15.0% are retired, and 0.5% are unable to work.
What is the annual household income of people with disabilities?
Twelve percent (12.2%) of people with disabilities have a household income of less than $15,000 per year, 21.8% have an income between $15,000 and $25,000, 15.7% have an income between $25,000 and $35,000, 15.7% have an income between $35,000 and $50,000, and 34.6% have an annual income of $50,000 or more.
Only four percent of people without disabilities have a household income of less than $15,000 per year, 15.0% have an income between $15,000 and $25,000, 13.0% have an income between $25,000 and $35,000, 16.5% have an income between $35,000 and $50,000, and over half (51.5%) have an annual income of $50,000 or more.
How satisfied are people with their lives?
About 31.6% of people with disabilities are very satisfied with their lives, 55.9% are satisfied, and 11.7% are dissatisfied or very dissatisfied.
Among people without disabilities, 51.8% are very satisfied, 46.8% are satisfied, and 1.8% are dissatisfied or very dissatisfied.
Excerpted from: Oregon Office on Disability and Health. (2010). Disability in Oregon: 2010 Annual Report on the Health of Oregonians with Disabilities. Portland, OR: Center on Community Accessibility, Oregon Institute on Disability & Development, Oregon Health & Science University.
Copyright © 2010—Oregon Institute on Disability & Development—Center on Community Accessibility.


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Digital Latching Valve
NASA requires efficient and lightweight valves for controlling thrusters in spacecrafts. While at Bell Aerospace in the 1960s, Eddie Sturman developed a very efficient valve control actuator that consumed little energy.
His work resulted in five patents and systems extensively used in the space program and probably was one of the energy-saving factors that enabled Apollo 13 to find the additional power it needed to return to Earth. Mr. Sturman saw many non-aerospace uses for the technology and formed Sturman Industries in 1989 to develop commercial applications from Space to Earth. One of the first applications of his technology was in battery and solar-powered automated irrigation systems. Sturman Industries applies digital valves and advanced system designs to various applications requiring fluid control, making them more efficient in terms of energy used, speed, and precision. Projects include fuel injectors, irrigation systems, and hydraulics.
Today the focus of Sturman Industries is to make engines operate more efficiently to reduce fuel consumption and pollution. Sturman's digital latching valve is being used in more powerful and lower emission commercial diesel engines and will be used in Ford Super Duty pickup trucks in 2003. Emerging technology could lead to a new generation of cam-less engine that uses hydraulic valve actuation to replace the camshaft completely, creating an energy efficient, low emission, I-6 diesel engine.


What Is the Chemical Formula of Deodorant?
The chemical composition of deodorant products varies considerably. One compound found in some deodorants is glycerol, which has the chemical formula C3H8O3. Aluminium chlorohydrate, which is made of Cl-, or chloride ions, and Al3+, or aluminium ions, helps block pores to provide an antiperspirant effect in some deodorants.
Zinc oxide is another chemical compound found in many deodorant products. The chemical formula of this compound is ZnO, and it is also found in products such as sunscreen, bandages and ointments due to its astringent, topical protectant and antiseptic effects.
Many ingredients found in deodorants serve the purpose of controlling odor by combating bacterial growth. Depending on the product, these antibacterial ingredients can be anything from citronella oil to antibiotics. Benzyl benzoate is an antibacterial ingredient found in original Dove deodorant. It has the chemical formula C6H5CO2C6H5 and serves the dual purpose of keeping microbials from breeding in the underarms and keeping microbials out of the deodorant itself.
Other ingredients exist in deodorant to provide fragrance. Limonene, a hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula C10H16, provides a citrus scent. It exists naturally in orange and lemon peels. Alpha-isomethyl ionone is an ingredient that can provide deodorant with a clean scent, while hexyl cinnamal has a chamomile fragrance.
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/Planning & Performance
 /Range & Endurance
Power Required and Drag vs AirspeedPower Required and Drag vs Airspeed
Range & Endurance Flying, I
Maximum range flying is done so we can fly the maximum distance for the amount of fuel onboard. This can be set against distance covered through air or over ground. It is of interest to a pilot when he wants to fly with the least amount of fuel flow for a distance traveled to save fuel.
Maximum endurance flying is done when the pilot wants to remain airborne for the maximum time possible given an amount of fuel. Waiting for the weather to clear to be able to land is an example of this practice.
Flying for maximum range or endurance can take the aircraft and maybe the pilot to their limits, do this safely and wisely.
Range performance
For maximum range flying you must operate the aircraft and engine in such a way that maximum efficiency is obtained over the distance to be flown. Do that by keeping the following factors in mind:
 - Actual takeoff weight, lesser weight means less power required
 - Wind direction and speed (velocity), a tailwind favors range
 - Air temperature, the warmer the air (lower density) the more power required
 - Altitude, higher is better for range it increases TAS, but not for endurance
 - Aircraft configuration, keeping drag as low as possible
Specific Range
We have two ways of expressing specific range: as Specific Air Range, which is air nautical miles per fuel unit (SAR) or as Specific Ground Range, which is ground nautical miles per fuel unit (SGR). These two are interconnected because SGR is SAR influenced by wind velocity.
If we would include time (hour) in these definitions then we get the following: Nautical Miles / Time = TAS (kts) and Fuel / Time = Fuel Flow (USG).
Fuel Flow
Specific Air Range (TAS / fuel flow)
To achieve the best possible SAR we need to get the best TAS / Fuel Flow ratio and as fuel flow relates to power we can also say TAS / Power ratio.
Engine gross fuel consumption or fuel flow (GFC) depends on how much power is requested related to its specific fuel consumption (SFC), thus GFC = SFC × Power. Combining these formula's results in: SAR = TAS / Power × 1 / SFC.
Thus, we need to fly the aircraft to its maximum airframe efficiency TAS / Power and engine efficiency 1 / SFC. Maximum airframe efficiency is at the speed for minimum drag or maximum L/D ratio. This is usually equal to the well known VY.
For piston aircraft the best range speed is about 10% higher, sometimes known as the 'long range cruise speed'.
As the minimum drag or maximum L/D ratio does not change with altitude (TAS and power required increase by the same amount) so therefore there is no effect on SAR. Even the IAS remains the same. Only tailwinds at altitude could mean a real advantage.
Weight does have its toll on SAR. As weight increases, the angle of attack for the best L/D ratio is at a higher IAS (thus TAS is higher), more speed means more drag and more power is required and it is out of proportion too because Power = Drag × TAS. Thus specific air range is lower with an increase of aircraft weight.
Specific Ground Range (GS / fuel flow)
To take into account the distance covered over ground we need to apply the headwind component to the true airspeed (TAS) to arrive at groundspeed (GS). It is easy to see that a tailwind favors specific range resulting in a higher SGR. GS is used to find the best SGR, thus GS / Fuel Flow or GS / Power.
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text: The Marine and Environmental Science Camp held its first annual recycle regatta. After learning about buoyancy and ship design, the campers made sailboats out of recycled material. They were given a number of materials to choose from, including: aluminum cans, plastic milk jugs, newspaper, egg cartons, paper towel rolls, tin foil, juice boxes, glass bottles, cardboard boxes, and much more. After construction, the marine and environmental science campers were able to race their sailboats in the FIT fluid mechanics wave tank. Campers designed many types of boats and had lots of fun in the process!


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The latest WIP includes a new behavior in Grasshopper that we are experimenting with to improve performance; multithreaded component solving.
The following four components have been modified to perform calculations using multiple threads.
- Dash Pattern
- Divide Curve
- Boundary Surface
We are decorating these components with small dots in the upper left corner to help you understand the component's capabilities and current 'mode' of operation.
No dots : the component does not currently support multi-threaded calculations
One dot: the component does support multi-threaded calculations, but is currently calculating with a single thread (i.e. legacy mode)
Two dots: the component does support multi-threaded calculations and is using the feature
For components that do support multi-threaded calculations, the feature can be enabled/disabled using the right click context menu on the component itself.
What to test:
I am not interested in timing results at the moment. What I want to make certain is that the output from these components produce the exact same results and same data structure (for trees) when run in both single threaded and multi-threaded modes. Of course, I'm also interested to know if any other unusual behavior appears by using these components.
These initial four components are our prototypes to ensure things are running correctly before converting other components over to be able to using multiple threads.


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Financial health reflects residents' ability to manage their daily finances, be resilient to economic shocks, and pursue opportunities for upward mobility. Credit health is an important component of overall financial health, in addition to savings, income, and wealth. During economic crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, financially healthy residents can better weather the storm, help stabilize city finances, and contribute to economic recovery. But financial health, like economic recovery, is unevenly distributed across racial and economic groups. And advancing inclusion through financial health requires intentional policies and actions.
Using credit bureau and alternative financial services data on over 5 million US adults with a credit file from 2010-2020, we find that:
- Credit health among Chicago residents—measured by changes in credit scores, credit use, and delinquencies—improved after the Great Recession and into COVID-19 as of October 2020. These trends suggest choices by federal, state, and local policymakers and private-sector partners to help families weather the impacts of COVID-19 are making a difference in their credit health.
- Disparities by race illustrate that the last economic recovery failed to adequately address systemic barriers facing families of color. The share of Chicago residents in communities of color with subprime credit scores (39.5 percent) is nearly 4 times higher than in majority-white communities in the city (10.9 percent). Without sustained support and intentional policies that address racial barriers, the economic impacts of COVID-19 could create major setbacks on the pathway to inclusive economic recovery.
- Credit health is one component of financial health; while credit measures improved, other data point to increased food insecurity, employment income loss, and other hardships, indicating an uneven recovery. Credit data cannot capture the experiences of about one in ten US adults who do not have a credit file, and people of color are disproportionately represented in this group. Credit data also do not reflect residents' ability to make timely payments once loan forbearance and other protections end, since reporting requirements make qualifying loans that were current before borrowers sought accommodations appear current during forbearance. Even residents with strong credit health may face challenges if underlying financial circumstances—income and savings—have not improved. Assessing the state of resident's incomes, savings, and other assets will be important for understanding the full impact of COVID-19 on financial health.


Hallmark Card Studio for Mac requires internet access. This is true even for boxed versions on DVD.
If you are getting errors saying it cannot connect to the internet, or it cannot load some of the designs, please start by verifying that you have a good, constant connection to the internet. The program requires it.
If your Mac is currently connected, you should check your anti-virus, firewall or anti-malware software on your computer.
Often it is one of these programs blocking the Hallmark program's access to the internet.
In some instances the connection may be too slow, or have too much latency for the program.
This is especially true on satellite internet (such as HughesNet), internet via a cellular connection, dialup, and some slower DSL ISPs under 1 megabit.
You can clear cache by following those steps
1. Close the program thru Hallmark Card Studio>Quit Hallmark Card studio, or via Force Quit
2. Use Go To Folder, in the Finder's Go menu (also accessible by pressing Shift+Command+G)
3.Type in ~/Library and click Go
4. Double-click "Application Support" folder
5. Double-click "Hallmark Card Studio" folder
6.Drag the Backup folder to the Trash bin
 7.Re-launch Hallmark Card Studio, click Choose A Design


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Surgery is a lucrative profession, and some of its highest salaries are reserved for cardiovascular surgeons. These are the specialists who repair illnesses and conditions of the heart and its related blood vessels, and in some workplaces perform other thoracic surgery as well. Cardiac surgeons begin with one of the highest first-year salaries, and continue to out-earn most other surgical specialties throughout their career.
Cardiac and thoracic surgeons typically follow medical school with a five-year residency, and then two to three years' fellowship in a surgical program. The payoff for that extended period of education is an above-average salary from the first year of practice. According to a September 2011 survey by the recruiting firm Profiles, cardiothoracic surgeons enter practice with a national median income of $360,000.
Profiles provides a second set of figures for physicians who've been in practice for six years. According to their survey, cardiothoracic surgeons at that stage in their career have a median income of $522,875 per year. Other surveys provide slightly different numbers. The American Medical Group Association reports a median income of $533,084 from its annual members' salary survey. A comparable report from the Medical Group Management Association separates cardiovascular surgeons from thoracic surgeons, yielding a higher income of $560,659 for cardiovascular surgeons and $473,927 for thoracic surgeons. Pediatric cardiovascular surgeons earn more, reporting income of $762,846 per year.
These salaries are among the highest of all surgical specialties. Only neurosurgeons, at $592,811 in the AMGA survey, joint replacement orthopedists at $605,953 and spinal orthopedic surgeons at $688,503 reported higher median incomes. By contrast general surgeons' median income was $357,091, and pediatric surgeons' income was $419,783 per year. These unusually high incomes are attractive to surgeons nearing the end of their residency, and cardiovascular positions are among the most competitive.
Although patients might require heart surgery at any age, those in middle age or later are most likely to need a cardiovascular surgeon's attentions. That's good news for the surgeons, given the aging of the baby boom generation. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that demand for physicians will grow by 24 percent between 2010 and 2020, propelled largely by the boomers' need for increased care. Demand for cardiovascular surgeons should be stronger than for many other specialties, especially in geographic areas with an older demographic.
- John Foxx/Stockbyte/Getty Images


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The effect of spatially patterned catalyst beds was investigated using direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from synthesis gas as an example. A layered arrangement of methanol synthesis (MS) and dehydration catalyst was chosen and studied by numerical simulation under typical operating conditions for single-step DME synthesis. It was revealed that catalyst layers significantly influence the DME productivity. With an increasing number of layers from two to 40, an increase in DME productivity was observed approaching the performance of a physical catalyst mixture for an infinite number of layers. The results prove that a physical mixture of MS and dehydration catalyst achieves the highest DME productivity under operating conditions chosen in this study. Essentially, the layered catalyst arrangement is comparable to a cascade model of the two-step process, which is less efficient in terms of DME yield than the single-step process. However, the layered catalyst arrangement could be beneficial for other reaction systems. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 00: 000–000, 2012
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Background: A decline in the national maternal mortality ratio in Nepal has been observed from surveys conducted between 1996 and 2008. This paper aims to assess the plausibility of the decline and to identify drivers of change.
Methods: National and sub-national trends in mortality data were investigated using existing demographic and health surveys and maternal mortality and morbidity surveys. Potential drivers of the variation in maternal mortality between districts were identified by regressing district-level indicators from the Nepal demographic health surveys against maternal mortality estimates.
Results: A statistically significant decline of the maternal mortality ratio from 539 maternal deaths to 281 per 100,000 (95% CI 91,507) live births between 1993 and 2003 was demonstrated. The sub-national changes are of similar magnitude and direction to those observed nationally, and in the terai region (plains) the differences are statistically significant with a reduction of 361 per 100,000 live births (95% CI 36,686) during the same time period. The reduction in fertility, changes in education and wealth, improvements in components of the human development index, gender empowerment and anaemia each explained more than 10% of the district variation in maternal mortality. A number of limitations in each of the data sources used were identified. Of these, the most important relate to the underestimation of numbers of deaths.
Conclusion: It is likely that there has been a decline in Nepal's maternal mortality since 1993. This is good news for the country's sustained commitments in this area. Conclusions on the magnitude, pattern of the change and drivers of the decline are constrained by lack of data. The authors recommend close tracking of maternal mortality and its determinants in Nepal, attention to the communication of future estimates, and various options for bridging data gaps.


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Created at time between 600 BC and 100 BC, an armillary sphere is an old astronomical instrument composed of a number of graduated rings arranged in celestial sphere in a framework, that represents heaven. With the Earth or Sun as a center, this instrument of the cosmos revolves on an axis, is complicate, and works intricately. People used to study the movement of rings for finding the path of the sun on a specific time, relation between lines and points in the sky and ascertaining the coordinates of stars. Today, it is used as teaching models as well as decorative purpose. The Ptolemaic and Copernican theories of the Solar System can be explained using this instrument. Armillary Sphere Celestial Instrument Globe, Nautical Decor World Globe and Antique Armillary Sphere Globe are few of armillary sphere offered by our company.


What type of piping is needed for my compressed air system?
While many reciprocating air compressor users simply connect their air hose directly to the discharge valve on their compressor, some users prefer to install a downstream air system to route the compressed air to their tools and equipment.
In this case, we recommend using Ingersoll Rand SimplAir piping for all industries. The SimplAir system is lightweight, provides superior corrosion resistance, and offers easy installation and modification.
 Ingersoll Rand Simplair Piping
There are some piping options that should not be used as they are not intended for this use, such as:
Unfortunately, although this type of piping is considered the most common because it is readily available, it could also be considered dangerous. PVC will eventually become brittle over time when used in a compressed air system leading to cracks, breaks or even shattering. These failures, combined with air under pressure, are potentially fatal due to the airborne, razor-sharp shrapnel. The use of PVC is an OSHA violation, which means you could incur a hefty fine.
Rubber hoses work as a temporary solution, but they are not energy or cost-efficient. When you use rubber hoses, you tend to have pressure drop due to the hose not being rigid. In addition, over time your hoses will start to create an odor because of the rubber breaking down, which will eventually find its way into your products.
PVC Piping
Rubber Hoses Piping