text:
- Poster presentation
- Open Access
Incidence of rapid increase of plasma sodium during liver transplantation and ITS effect on outcome
© Yoh et al.; 2015
- Published: 1 October 2015
- Liver Transplantation
- Neurological Complication
- Cerebral Edema
- Sodium Concentration
- Acute Liver Failure
Rapid correction of hyponatremia can cause pontine myelinolysis and should be corrected by less than 10 mM/L within 24 hours. Hepatic cirrhosis is often associated with hyponatremia due to fluid retention and ascites. During liver transplantation, sodium may increase because of fluid administration and blood transfusions. Little is known regarding the frequency of rapid sodium increases during liver transplantation and whether such rapid corrections carry detrimental effects.
To determine the incidence of rapid plasma sodium correction in liver transplants and their effect on outcome.
We retrospectively analyzed data from 607 liver transplants at a single institution. Rapid correction of sodium was defined as an increase of serum sodium by more than 10 mM/L within 24 hours after the start of liver transplantation when compared to preoperative sodium levels. Primary endpoint was 90-day mortality or graft failure requiring re-transplantation.
Perioperative rapid increases of sodium above what is recommended for correction of hyponatremia occurred in over 6% of all cases with only one case of severe neurological complication that was not consistent with pontine myelinolysis. Perioperative increases of plasma may be less dangerous than previously thought if it is not associated with abrupt changes of plasma osmolality. The neurological complication (cerebral edema, not pontine myelinolysis) of the patient described above are more likely attributable to her preoperative acute liver failure than rapid increase of sodium concentrations.
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (_URL_ which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Syntax
EXTRACTHASHTAGS( text-to-extract-from )
Arguments
text-to-extract-from (any textual)
Return Value
A list of Text values, with each value representing one hashtag. Note that each hashtag will still include its # sign at the front.
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text: Introducing: GISetc TV! by gisetc | Apr 29, 2010 | GIS Happenings, Our Blog | 0 comments The goal of GISetc TV is to share and create content that: Excites students about GIS. Is a resource for GIS educators and professionals. Shares technological advances in the field of GIS studies. Shares the adventures of GISetc in field studies, training, educational opportunities and more!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Yopeheshako has various medicinal uses for the
Tongva. For gastric problems, they make a mild decoction out of the
roots to clean out the stomach. They also make a decoction from the
bark for stomachaches for use as an emetic. To relieve sore
throats and coughs, the Tongva take a tea made from
In addition, yopeheshako is a food source for
the Tongva. They eat the leaves cooked or raw.
Disclaimer: All material provided here is for educational
purposes only. Consult your own physician regarding the applicability of any opinions or
recommendations with respect to your symptoms or medical condition.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


the global ambient_light parameter, and is not turned off when using radiosity.
See also: Ambient
Diffuse Reflection Items
When light reflects off of a surface the laws of physics say that it should leave the surface at the exact same angle it came in. This is similar to the way a billiard ball bounces off a bumper of a pool table. This perfect reflection is called specular reflection. However only very smooth polished surfaces reflect light in this way. Most of the time, light reflects and is scattered in all directions by the roughness of the surface. This scattering is called diffuse reflection because the light diffuses or spreads in a variety of directions. It accounts for the majority of the reflected light we see.
Diffuse
The keyword diffuse is used in a finish statement to control how much of the light coming directly from any light sources is reflected via diffuse reflection. The optional keyword albedo can be used right after diffuse to specify that the parameter is to be taken as the total diffuse/specular reflectance, rather than peak reflectance.
Note: When brilliance is equal to 1 albedo will have no effect on the diffuse parameter.
For example:
finish { diffuse albedo 0.7 fresnel }
Means that 70% of the light seen comes from direct illumination from light sources. The default value for diffuse is 0.6.
To model thin, diffusely-translucent objects (e.g. paper, curtains, leaves etc.), an optional 2nd float parameter has been added to the diffuse finish statement to control the effect of illumination from the back of the surface. The default value is 0.0, i.e. no diffuse backside illumination. For realistic results, the sum of both parameters should be between 0.0 and 1.0, and the 2nd parameter should be the smaller of the two.
Note: This feature is currently experimental and may be subject to change. In particular, the syntax as well as inter-operation with double_illuminate, multi-layered textures or conserve_energy are still under investigation.
A new sample scene, ~scenes/advanced/diffuse_back.pov, has been provided to illustrate this new feature.
Brilliance
The amount of direct light that diffuses from an object depends upon the angle at which it hits the surface. When light hits at a shallow angle it illuminates less. When it is directly above a surface it illuminates more. The brilliance keyword can be used in a finish statement to vary the way light falls off depending upon the angle of incidence. This controls the tightness of the basic diffuse illumination on objects and slightly adjusts the appearance of surface shininess. Objects may appear more metallic by increasing their brilliance. The default value is 1.0. Higher values from 5.0 to about 10.0 cause the light to fall off less at medium to low angles. There are no limits to the brilliance value. Experiment to see what works best for a particular situation. This is best used in concert with highlighting.
Crand Graininess
Very rough surfaces, such as concrete or sand, exhibit a dark graininess in their apparent color. This is caused by the shadows of the pits or holes in the surface. The crand keyword can be added to a finish to cause a minor random darkening in the diffuse reflection of direct illumination. Typical values range from crand 0.01 to crand 0.5 or higher. The default value is 0. For example:
finish { crand 0.05 }
The grain or noise introduced by this feature is applied on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This means that it will look the same on far away objects as on close objects. The effect also looks different depending upon the resolution you are using for the rendering.
Note: The crand should not be used when rendering animations. This is the one of a few truly random features in POV-Ray and will produce an annoying flicker of flying pixels on any textures animated with a crand value. For these reasons it is not a very accurate way to model the rough surface effect.
Subsurface Light Transport
The subsurface light transport feature, also know as subsurface scattering, is enabled ONLY when a global_settings subsurface block is present. For example, to enable SSLT and use it's default settings, you can specify an empty block.
 global_settings {
 subsurface {}
 }
To activate SSLT for a particular object you will also need to add the following statement to its finish block.
 material {
 texture {
 pigment { PIGMENT }
 finish {
 ...
 subsurface { translucency COLOR }
 }
 }
 interior { ior FLOAT }
 }
The pigment determines the SSLT material's overall appearance when applied to an object with sufficiently large structures. The translucency color, which can alternatively be a float, determines the strength of the subsurface light transport effect. The material's index of refraction also affects the appearance, and is essential for SSLT materials, but doesn't generate a warning at parse time if omitted.
Note: The effect doesn't scale with the object, and values may be greater than 1.0
To adjust materials to the dimensions of your scene, you should first determine the proper mm_per_unit setting (it should always match the actual scale of the object) to use in the global settings block, then adjust the materials translucency value.
Note: Any effect that can be achieved by changing mm_per_unit can also be achieved by adjusting the translucency value of materials.
The mm_per_unit algorithm is designed to give realistic results at a scale of 10 mm per POV-Ray unit by default. For other scales, you can place the following statement in the global_settings block:
 mm_per_unit INT
Hint: Using these scaling examples as a guide you can easily come up with a suitable setting.
 - 1 cm per unit, set it to 10 (the default)
 - 1 inch per unit, set it to 25.4
 - 1 m per unit, set it to 1000
To tune the algorithm for quality or performance, the number of samples for the diffuse scattering and single-scattering approximation, respectively, can be specified by placing the following statement in the global_settings section. Both values default is 50.
 subsurface { samples INT, INT }
See the sample SSLT scene in ~scenes/subsurface/subsurface.pov for more information. See also this PDF document, A Practical Model for Subsurface Light Transport, for more in depth information about SSLT, including some sample values to use when defining new materials.
To specify whether subsurface light transport effects should be applied to incoming radiosity based diffuse illumination, you should place the following in the global settings subsurface block:
 global_settings {
 subsurface { radiosity BOOL }
 }
If this setting is off, the default, subsurface light transport effects will only be applied to direct illumination from classic light sources. Setting this feature to on will improve realism especially for materials with high translucency, but at a significant cost in rendering time.
See the section Subsurface and Radiosity for additional configuration information.
Note: Subsurface scattering is disabled in all quality levels except +Q9 or higher.
Warning: Be advised that the subsurface scattering feature is still experimental. These conditions, and possibly others, can apply. Usage and syntax is also subject to change!
 1. Incorrect use may result in hard crashes instead of parse warnings.
 2. Pigments having any zero color components currently doesn't play nice with SSLT. For example use rgb <1,0.01,0.01> instead of rgb <1,0,0> as color literals or when declaring pigment identifiers.
 3. A diffuse finish attribute of zero can also cause povray to throw an assertion failure.
 4. Unions of overlapping objects will probably give unexpected results, however merge should work.
 5. Mesh objects need to be closed (not perfectly) for realism.
 6. To avoid seams between objects, they currently must share a common interior. It's not sufficient to have interiors with identical parameters, or even instances of the same defined interior. The only way to overcome this is to specify the interior in the parent CSG rather than the individual primitives. For the desired results:
 - REMOVE any interior statements from the material.
 - ADD the interior statement to the union or merge.
 - For each part that needs a different ior (e.g. eyelashes or teeth) add an individual interior statement.
Highlights
Highlights are the bright spots that appear when a light source reflects off of a smooth object. They are a blend of specular reflection and diffuse reflection. They are specular-like because they depend upon viewing angle and illumination angle. However they are diffuse-like because some scattering occurs. In order to exactly model a highlight you would have to calculate specular reflection off of thousands of microscopic bumps called micro facets. The more that micro facets are facing the viewer the shinier the object appears and the tighter the highlights become. POV-Ray uses two different models to simulate highlights without calculating micro facets. They are the specular and Phong models.
Note: Specular and phong highlights are not mutually exclusive. It is possible to specify both and they will both take effect. Normally, however, you will only specify one or the other.
Phong Highlights
The phong keyword in the finish statement controls the amount of phong highlighting on the object. It causes bright shiny spots on the object that are the color of the light source being reflected. The phong method measures the average of the facets facing in the mirror direction from the light sources to the viewer.
Phong


text:
This week we have celebrated the inaugural Tokelau Language Week (29 October – 4 November). The theme is Ke mau ki pale o Tokelau: Hold fast to the treasures of Tokelau. We have posted a blog each day highlighting cultural treasures from Tokelau in Te Papa's collections.
Today, I want to share with you a photograph that relates to our second post this week about the Mafutaga Tupulaga Tokelau from Porirua. I recalled spotting it on a Facebook friends post several months ago so I invited him to share his memories of the photograph in this blog as it relates to this small collection presented to the museum in the 1986.
My thanks to Kevin Sesale Setefano for sharing the photograph and the words below. Faka fetai!
Malo ni Tokelau,
This is a photo taken at the Iulio and Silila Setefano family home in Warspite Avenue, Porirua, back in 1986 where a Tokelau project workshop programme was held over the duration of a month.
The Tokelau government funded an art and craft project development by Alepano Savelio involving the Tokelau traditional craftsmen shown in the photo. This was to be displayed in the National Museum, which was on Buckle St, Wellington at the time. It was the first display of Tokelau crafts to be done there and ceremonies took place.
The elder craftsmen from Atafu, Nukunonu and Fakaofo Tui Tokelau are very unique, and range in their styles and techniques. They make the treasures and survival tools that have been taught over many generations in Tokelau and that continue to this day, so we can teach our young people in New Zealand the crafts for their journeys and pathways to come.
As the young people in the photo, Savelio Ioane and myself (Kevin Sesale Setefano) we were helping and supporting the elders with the traditional project. For us, it was about active listening and the importance of understanding workmanship, understanding how Tokelau tools can keep us alive. These were important survival skills in order for our kaiga (family) to support themselves through daily living in Tokelau. The project was very interesting and at times entertaining. As the elders told their stories and worked on the crafts, they had hilarious discussions between themselves as they shared their versions of the Tokelau culture with each other.
Tokelau arts and crafts will continue on if the traditional workmanship and skill sets are passed on to younger generations. Tokelauans' have moved around the world and have needed to learn other skills and undertake education to survive in the European world. However, the knowledge and education that I received will never be forgotten and will be passed down to next generation to carry on.
Finally, I say faka fetai to the Elders and Tokelau people
Aloha lahi atu koutou and Kaiga
Kevin Sesale Setefano

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Bones are held together at joints with a kind of connective tissue called ligament.
The basic building blocks of a ligament are collagen fibers. These fibers are very strong, flexible, and resistant to damage from pulling or compressing stresses. Collagen fibers are usually arranged in parallel bundles, which help multiply the strength of the individual fibers. The bundles of collagen are attached to the outer covering that surrounds all bones.


Using Text Data Files
Impala supports using text files as the storage format for input and output. Text files are a convenient format to use for interchange with other applications or scripts that produce or read delimited text files, such as CSV or TSV with commas or tabs for delimiters.
Text files are flexible in their column definitions. For example, a text file could have more fields than the Impala table, and those extra fields are ignored during queries. Or it could have fewer fields than the Impala table, and those missing fields are treated as NULL values in queries.
You could have fields that were treated as numbers or timestamps in a table, then use ALTER TABLE ... REPLACE COLUMNS to switch them to strings, or the reverse.
Creating Text Tables
You can create tables with specific separator characters to import text files in familiar formats such as CSV, TSV, or pipe-separated with the FIELDS TERMINATED BY clause preceded by the ROW FORMAT DELIMITED clause. For example:
CREATE TABLE tsv(id INT, s STRING, n INT, t TIMESTAMP, b BOOLEAN)
 ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
 FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';
You can specify a delimiter character '\0' to use the ASCII 0 (nul) character for text tables.
You can also use these tables to produce output data files, by copying data into them through the INSERT ... SELECT syntax and then extracting the data files from the Impala data directory.
The data files created by any INSERT statements uses the Ctrl-A character (hex 01) as a separator between each column value.
Issue a DESCRIBE FORMATTED table_name statement to see the details of how each table is represented internally in Impala.
Complex type considerations: Although you can create tables in this file format using the complex types (ARRAY, STRUCT, and MAP), currently, Impala cannot query these types in text tables.
Data Files for Text Tables
When Impala queries a table with data in text format, it consults all the data files in the data directory for that table, with some exceptions:
 - Impala ignores any hidden files, that is, files whose names start with a dot or an underscore.
 - Impala queries ignore files with extensions commonly used for temporary work files by Hadoop tools. Any files with extensions .tmp or .copying are not considered part of the Impala table. The suffix matching is case-insensitive, so for example Impala ignores both .copying and .COPYING suffixes.
 - Impala uses suffixes to recognize when text data files are compressed text. For Impala to recognize the compressed text files, they must have the appropriate file extension corresponding to the compression codec, either .bz2, .gz, .snappy, or .zst, .deflate. The extensions can be in uppercase or lowercase.
 - Otherwise, the file names are not significant. When you put files into an HDFS directory through ETL jobs, or point Impala to an existing HDFS directory with the CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE statement, or move data files under external control with the LOAD DATA statement, Impala preserves the original filenames.
An INSERT ... SELECT statement produces one data file from each node that processes the SELECT part of the statement. An INSERT ... VALUES statement produces a separate data file for each statement; because Impala is more efficient querying a small number of huge files than a large number of tiny files, the INSERT ... VALUES syntax is not recommended for loading a substantial volume of data. If you find yourself with a table that is inefficient due to too many small data files, reorganize the data into a few large files by doing INSERT ... SELECT to transfer the data to a new table.
Do not surround string values with quotation marks in text data files that you construct. If you need to include the separator character inside a field value, for example to put a string value with a comma inside a CSV-format data file, specify an escape character on the CREATE TABLE statement with the ESCAPED BY clause, and insert that character immediately before any separator characters that need escaping.
Special values within text data files:
 - Impala recognizes the literal strings inf for infinity and nan for Not a Number, for FLOAT and DOUBLE columns.
 - Impala recognizes the literal string \N to represent NULL. When using Sqoop, specify the options --null-non-string and --null-string to ensure all NULL values are represented correctly in the Sqoop output files. \N needs to be escaped as in the below example:
 --null-string '\\N' --null-non-string '\\N'
 - By default, Sqoop writes NULL values using the string null, which causes a conversion error when such rows are evaluated by Impala. (A workaround for existing tables and data files is to change the table properties through ALTER TABLE name SET TBLPROPERTIES("serialization.null.format"="null").)
 - Impala can optionally skip an arbitrary number of header lines from text input files on HDFS based on the skip.header.line.count value in the TBLPROPERTIES field of the table metadata.
Loading Data into Text Tables
To load an existing text file into an Impala text table, use the LOAD DATA statement and specify the path of the file in HDFS. That file is moved into the appropriate Impala data directory.
To load multiple existing text files into an Impala text table, use the LOAD DATA statement and specify the HDFS path of the directory containing the files. All non-hidden files are moved into the appropriate Impala data directory.
Use the DESCRIBE FORMATTED statement to see the HDFS directory where the data files are stored, then use Linux commands such as hdfs dfs -ls hdfs_directory and hdfs dfs -cat hdfs_file to display the contents of an Impala-created text file.
When you create a text file for use with an Impala text table, specify \N to represent a NULL value.
If a text file has fewer fields than the columns in the corresponding Impala table, all the corresponding columns are set to NULL when the data in that file is read by an Impala query.
If a text file has more fields than the columns in the corresponding Impala table, the extra fields are ignored when the data in that file is read by an Impala query.
You can also use manual HDFS operations such as hdfs dfs -put or hdfs dfs -cp to put data files in the data directory for an Impala table. When you copy or move new data files into the HDFS directory for the Impala table, issue a REFRESH table_name statement in impala-shell before issuing the next query against that table, to make Impala recognize the newly added files.
Query Performance for Text Tables
Data stored in text format is relatively bulky, and not as efficient to query as binary formats such as Parquet. For the tables used in your most performance-critical queries, look into using more efficient alternate file formats.
For frequently queried data, you might load the original text data files into one Impala table, then use an INSERT statement to transfer the data to another table that uses the Parquet file format. The data is converted automatically as it is stored in the destination table.
For more compact data. consider using text data compressed in the gzip, bzip2, or Snappy formats. However, these compressed formats are not splittable so there is less opportunity for Impala to parallelize queries on them. You also have the choice to convert the data to Parquet using an INSERT ... SELECT statement to copy the original data into a Parquet table.
Using bzip2, deflate, gzip, Snappy-Compressed, or zstd Text Files
Impala supports using text data files that employ bzip2, deflate, gzip, Snappy, or zstd compression. These compression types are primarily for convenience within an existing ETL pipeline rather than maximum performance. Although it requires less I/O to read compressed text than the equivalent uncompressed text, files compressed by these codecs are not splittable and therefore cannot take full advantage of the Impala parallel query capability. Impala can read compressed text files written by Hive.
As each Snappy-compressed file is processed, the node doing the work reads the entire file into memory and then decompresses it. Therefore, the node must have enough memory to hold both the compressed and uncompressed data from the text file. The memory required to hold the uncompressed data is difficult to estimate in advance, potentially causing problems on systems with low memory limits or with resource management enabled. This memory overhead is reduced for bzip2-, deflate-, gzip-, and zstd-compressed text files. The compressed data is decompressed as it is read, rather than all at once.
To create a table to hold compressed text, create a text table with no special compression options. Specify the delimiter and escape character if required, using the ROW FORMAT clause.
Because Impala can query compressed text files but currently cannot write them, produce the compressed text files outside Impala and use the LOAD DATA statement, manual HDFS commands to move them to the appropriate Impala data directory. (Or, you can use CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE and point the LOCATION attribute at a directory containing existing compressed text files.)


text:
You are hereAengus Angus
An Irish god of love, he was one of the offspring of the promiscuous Dagda, and there are various tales told about his exploits in Irish mythology.
One of the most famed is Aislinge Oenguso (The dream of Angus) from the eighth century. It tells how he had a dream, in which he saw a maiden from the otherworld called Caer Ibormeith. He fell in love with her, and enlisted the help of Bodb to help him find her. The maiden spent one year in human form, and one year in the form of a swan, and it was in this form that he found her at Loch Bel Dracon on Samhain (Halloween), with a group of 149 other maidens also in the guise of swans. Angus shape-shifted into the form of swan, and they circled the lake three times singing enchanting music - so that all the people in the area fell asleep for a period of three days and nights. After this he returned with her to his palace.
He is often seen as a god of youth and beauty.


text:
Capital punishment has been the law in Oklahoma since 1804 when Congress made the criminal laws of the United States applicable in the Louisiana Purchase, which included present Oklahoma. These legal codes included the crime of "willful murder," carrying the death penalty. Through the years Congress found other offenses, including rape, that merited capital punishment as well.
Until Oklahoma 1907 statehood, capital crimes committed in Indian Territory were tried in the federal courts for Arkansas, Kansas, and Texas. However, the U.S. Federal District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, presided over by notorious Judge Isaac C. Parker, was Indian Territory's most famous criminal venue, with seventy-nine men going to the gallows under sentence of his court.
In 1889 Congress established a U.S. district court at Muskogee, the first federal court resident in Indian Territory. However, the court did not have jurisdiction of capital offenses, which continued to be tried in the federal courts for Arkansas, Kansas, and Texas. In 1890 aterritorial government, with its own judicial structure, was established for Oklahoma Territory. Until statehood, capital crimes committed in Oklahoma Territory were prosecuted in the territorial courts.
In 1895 Congress gave the Muskogee court, as of September 1, 1896, exclusive jurisdiction of all offenses committed against the laws of the United States in Indian Territory and repealed the jurisdiction of the Arkansas, Kansas, and Texas federal courts. One man was hanged under sentence of the Oklahoma Territory courts, and nine men and one woman went to the gallows under sentence of the Indian Territory court. From statehood until 19l5 executions were by hanging in the county of conviction. The records are not perfect, but the number of people hanged between statehood and 1915 is probably six, all men accused of murder. The fact that the number was not higher is because of Lee Cruce, Oklahoma's second governor.
Cruce was an inveterate foe of the death penalty. The best information is that only one person was executed during his term in office (1911-15), while at least twenty-two murderers escaped the hangman's noose. Cruce's successor, Robert L. Williams, did not share Cruce's view on capital punishment, and executions began again when Williams took office. The first year of Williams's term also saw Oklahoma change from hanging to electrocution as a method of execution.
In 1915 Henry Bookman, convicted in McIntosh County for murder, was the first person to be electrocuted in Oklahoma. The first execution for an offense other than homicide occurred in 1930. James Edward Forrest was put to death for rape, and subsequently there were executions for robbery with firearms and for kidnapping. In the late 1920s and during the 1930s there were as many as three on the same day. In 1972, when the U.S. Supreme Court declared the death penalty, as then administered, unconstitutional, eighty-two persons, all male, had died in Oklahoma's electric chair.
After the Supreme Court's ruling, states began attempting to enact constitutional death penalty statutes. Gov. David Boren convened a special session of the legislature in July 1976 to restore the capital punishment in Oklahoma. The legislators overwhelmingly voted in favor, 45 to1 in the senate, and 93 to 5 in the house. The first execution under the new law occurred in 1990. From 1915 to March 2004, Oklahoma had executed 156 individuals, including three women. Between 1915 and 1966 eighty-two died by electrocution, and one was hanged. Seventy-three died from lethal injection between September 1990 and March 2004.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Ruth Fisk Bowman, "Death By Hanging: The Crimes and Execution of Arthur Gooch," The Chronicles of Oklahoma 62 (Summer 1984). "Capital Punishment," Vertical File, Oklahoma Room, Oklahoma Department of Libraries, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. "Capital Punishment, Oklahoma," Vertical File, Jan Eric Cartwright Memorial Library, Capitol Building, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Louis Coleman, "'We Are Making History': The Execution of William Going," The Chronicles of Oklahoma 76 (1998). Von Russell Creel, "Capital Punishment and the United States Court for the Indian Territory," The Chronicles of Oklahoma 81 (Summer 2003). Bob Gregory, "They Died For Their Sins," Oklahoma Monthly (December 1976).
Von Russell Creel
© Oklahoma Historical Society


advection,in climatologyatmospheric science, change in a property of a moving mass of air because the mass moves to a region where the property has a different value (e.g., the change in temperature when a warm air mass moves into a cool region). Attention can be centred on Advection can refer to either the horizontal or vertical components of the motion, but the term advection commonly signifies only the horizontal transport of air.


Synonyms for northwestpassage |
Synonyms and antonyms for northwestpassage
1. Northwest Passage (n.)
a water route between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean along the northern coast of North America; Europeans since the 16th century had searched for a short route to the Far East before it was successfully traversed by Roald Amundsen (_PHONE_)


text:
CCL takes over websiteClick to view story
Compact ConveyorClick to view story
Plate link conveyors feature an extremely sturdy "belt" made of overlapping or adjoining "platelets", not disimilar to the caterpillar-tracks of a tank. This provides an extremely strong and rigid carrying surface, suitable for heavy loads...
Plate Link Conveyors have metal platelets which allow the conveyor to operate in extreme environmental conditions, such as very high – or low – temperatures that might destroy a conventional rubber or fabric belt.
The platelets form a rigid, flat carrying surface, giving the machine many of the characteristics of a standard belt conveyor , but with the advantage of non-slip high-torque chain drive similar to the Chain Drive Belt Conveyor
Whilst plate link conveyors are often associated with metal platelets, they can also be made of plastic or composite platelets, which are often favoured by the food industry.
Whilst the platelets are strong, plate link conveyors are not really ideal if heavy products are going to be dropped onto it from a height (such as being loaded from a dumper truck or suchlike) as the plates can buckle or bend. On the plus side, they are resistant to cuts and abrasions, and can easily and quickly be replaced.
A slat conveyor is ultimately not as strong as a plate link conveyor, however. Nor can it generate the same torque (pulling power.


text:
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This paper presents a comprehensive time-domain model of the coupling capacitor voltage transformer (CCVT) to investigate the effect of CCVT subsidence transients on the distance relay. The studies show that voltage-zero subsidence transients can adversely impact the performance of the distance relay and result in the overreach problem. This paper also introduces a new approach to mitigate the effect of CCVT voltage-zero subsidence transients on the distance relay. The method is based on improving the degree of accuracy of the voltage phasor estimation during the CCVT subsidence transients. The proposed method is not affected by harmonics and high-frequency transient distortions of the voltage, and prevents the relay overreach problem even under high source impedance ratio (SIR). Moreover, the proposed method noticeably decreases the close-in fault clearance time under low SIR conditions, based on a fast current phasor estimation approach. The reported studies are conducted in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
Date of Publication: April 2012


text:
Main Article Content
I investigated how impulsive buying behavior affects postimpulsive buying satisfaction through the mediator of mixed emotion response and the moderator product type. I collected data using the survey method and used independent samples t tests, two-way analyses of variance, and linear regression to analyze the 243 valid questionnaires. The results showed that impulsive buying behavior has a direct effect on mixed emotion response and affects the consumers' postimpulsive buying satisfaction through mixed emotion response. Moreover, the product type has regulatory effects. Research limitations and implications for theory and management are discussed.


text:
The Alouette River flows from Alouette Lake to its junction with the
Fraser River at Pitt Meadows. Typical of many Lower Fraser tributaries,
it drains a mountain watershed in the Coast Mountains, especially
important for its timber and fish values. The hydro power potential of the
river and its proximity to major urban populations was recognized early
in the province's history, leading to constuction
of BC Hydro's Alouette Dam
The river has a significant place in the cultural heritage of the area.
The Katzie First Nation have historically depended on the salmon of the
river and have maintained spiritual, cultural and economic ties to the
river. The valley was part of a travel corridor for First Nations people
between the Lower Fraser River area and the Lillooet area.
In the late 1800's, the economic activities of newcomers along the
river began to change the face of the valley. Farming and logging came to
the area and sawmills were developed in conjunction with the upstream logging
activity, since the river was used to float logs downstream to New Westminster.
The headquarters of the Abernethy and Lougheed Logging Company was located
on the river in the 1920's, presently the site of Allco Park. The park
is now home to a fish hatchery and the future site of an Alouette River
The river has been an important recreational focus for residents of the
area throughout the years. Acquired from the Burrard Power Company in
1927, the site of Maple Ridge Park was developed by the municipality
and has been a popular recreation site for generations. Other popular parks
such as Davidson's
Pool and Horseman's Park are also located along the river.
The Alouette has become a model of successful urban river stewardship.
Volunteer community groups have done tremendous work to restore fish
habitat along the river and educate the public about river conservation.
Also, BC Hydro has
recently helped to improve fish stocks in the Alouette by voluntarily
increasing the amount of water it releases from the dam during critical
spawning and rearing periods.
Proclaimed B.C. Rivers:


text:
- An interim report following a Department of Industry, Innovation and Science review of the Australia's offshore petroleum regime has been published.
- The report outlines over 20 recommendations to enhance the regime.
- Key recommendations include:
- Frontier exploration: categorising some exploration permits as 'frontier' acreage and establishing different conditions for that acreage,
- Retention leases: allowing holders to nominate a maximum term of 3 to 15 years, and
- Decommissioning: development of a decommissioning framework.
- The period for submissions on the interim report has closed and no date on a final report has been provided.
On 22 December 2015, the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science published an interim report on the Offshore Petroleum Resource Management Review (the Review), a review of the current federal regime for regulating Australia's offshore petroleum resources (the Interim Report). The Review was undertaken alongside the operational review of NOPTA required to be conducted under the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (Cth), and those findings were integrated into the Interim Report.
The Interim Report and Review indicate that the Department is aware of the changing state of the of the petroleum regime in Australia, in particular the shift to the production and decommissioning stages for larger resources, and the need to fill the gaps that will be left by those resources in the market. While the Interim Report has not identified any material flaws with the current regime, it proposes 20 actions across the phases of the petroleum lifecycle, as well as in the general management process, designed to:
- improve transparency in the management process,
- reduce costs, particularly those associated with the administrative process, and
- provide greater flexibility in line with the technical realities of the petroleum process, for example improvements in technology and exploitation of smaller resources.
Some of the key actions to come out of the Interim Report include:
- the proposal of an annual report on Australia's offshore petroleum activities, covering emerging national and regional issues,
- a focus on promoting exploration, particularly in frontier and lightly explored areas;
- further engagement with industry to determine the best options for gathering, interpretation and usage of pre-competitive exploration activities and data,
- a holistic approach to administration of retention leases, including providing a minimum and maximum term for retention leases, and
- development of a decommissioning policy.
A full list of actions is included in Appendix 1 to the Interim Report.
The Department asked for further stakeholder engagement in the process in order to determine the scope and efficacy of the proposed actions. Submissions on the current recommendations of the Interim Report were due on 28 February and will be published in due course.
Management of Australia's petroleum resources
Initially, the Interim Report focuses on the regulation of offshore resource management as a whole. The Interim Report notes that, given the increasing number of smaller resources being exploited as opposed to resources being part of infrastructure hubs such as North West Shelf or Gorgon, the management of resources needs to be able to be implemented system-wide, rather than on a title by title, or project by project, basis. In order to deal with this shift in management, the Interim Report recommends actions to:
- strengthen offshore resource management capacity through an improved understanding of the management issues associated with emerging resources, early and effective engagement with industry on resource management issues and building on the technical skills and capabilities within NOPTA; and
- promote more timely decision making from the regulatory authorities. This may include providing a set of indicative timeframes for decisions by the Joint Authority, promoting the use of NEATS by titleholders and allowing certain decisions that would usually be considered by the Joint Authority in the first instance to be immediately referred to the Titles Administrator or Minister.
Given the broad nature of these actions and the fact that they relate to the administrative actions of the Joint Authority, the scope and nature of these changes is likely to be influenced by stakeholder submissions and their practical experiences.
Offshore exploration in Australia has been on a declining trend for the past three years, due to the lack of large undeveloped offshore resources, as well as an increase in exploration costs. Developments in technology have supported an increase in deep water and frontier exploration. The Interim Report notes that Australia's long term exploration trends are shifting towards:
- a reduction in the number of wells drilled, but improved success rate from those that are drilled,
- smaller hydrocarbon finds, and
- a focus on mature, rather than frontier areas, due to the risks associated with emerging resources.
As a result, the challenge for the Government is to ensure that exploration is maintained to ensure that production levels can remain steady over time.
The Interim Report makes a number of recommendations for the exploration process, based around de-risking exploration, particularly in emerging areas, proving flexibility for resources in lightly explored areas and improving the acreage release process.
Access to data
In order to promote exploration in riskier or lightly explored areas, the gathering, interpretation and distribution of precompetitive geoscience information collated by Geoscience Australia and NOPTA needs to improve and be more aligned with the acreage release program.
The Interim Report's recommendations also focus on the confidentiality periods surrounding data. Stakeholder feedback indicated that a number of titleholders are utilising multi-client surveys in order to meet their work program commitments, as this allows a greater confidentiality period. However, this also results in a large amount of data remaining unavailable to other parties for a longer period of time. As a result, the Interim Report has proposed a full review of the current confidentiality regime in the OPGGSA and Resource Management and Administration Regulations to ensure that geoscience data that can be made publicly available is made publicly available in order to promote exploration activity.
Flexibility for resources
Despite progress in exploration technology, exploration in frontier areas remains high risk under the current regime. For example, the fact that acreage awards place an emphasis on drilling of exploratory wells may discourage frontier exploration, as parties are more willing to pursue other exploration techniques such as surveys before committing to expensive well-drilling activities.
The Interim Report recommends that the Government first determines the areas that should be identified as 'frontier' exploration areas, and then considers establishing a 'frontier' title category allowing for different requirements in permit size, length of the permit, renewability and minimum work commitments. Further submissions in relation to this action are likely to focus on whether a new category of title is necessary, whether the current regime can be adapted to take into account frontier titles and the scope of the changes to requirements for frontier titles.
The Interim Report also recommends adapting the current Special Prospecting Authority and Access Authority arrangements. These arrangements are not adequate for frontier and emerging exploration. For example, a Special Prospecting Authority only allows access for 180 days for 180 days, does not provide exclusive data rights and does not provide security of title over the area following the conclusion of the arrangement (i.e. the Special Prospecting Authority holder is still required to bid through the acreage process). As a result, the Interim Report recommends that the Department conduct a further review of these regimes in order to adapt them to a suit frontier and emerging exploration areas.
While the current acreage release process is working, it could be improved. Only one in four acreage releases receive bids from more than one group, and lengthy processes and lack of transparency in the award of titles does not sit comfortably with companies in such an uncertain market.
As a result, the Interim Report suggests to streamlining the acreage release process. The proposed changes include:
- Immediate award of acreage to sole bidders, subject to an assessment of their ability to meet the bid's requirement,
- Reducing the timeline for acreage releases to 12 months, with releases included smaller blocks and industry-nominated areas,
- An 'over the counter' approach to acreage releases for certain classes of acreage. To ensure fairness and equity for smaller companies, this would likely be combined with a competitive bid process following the submission of an expression of interest in the acreage.
These actions are very general at this stage and whether or not they are eventually implemented will be influenced by stakeholder submissions. However, parties considering bidding on future acreage releases should remain aware of the potential changes to this process.
Development and production
The current development and production framework in Australia provides titleholders with the time to develop a pre-commercial resource to a final investment decision while providing surety of title, along with the ability for the Government to monitor development progress. While this framework is adequate for the current market, as noted above the current regime needs to be adapted to be able to deal with challenges emerging in the changing market, such as encouraging sharing of infrastructure, or the use of existing infrastructure, as well as a streamlining of the current processes.
As a result, the Interim Report proposes a number of changes, with focuses including:
- Encouraging the development of smaller discoveries by allowing a Location to be declared over smaller petroleum pools, or allowing smaller discoveries to move directly from exploration to production without having to prove a petroleum flow by excising those pools into an adjacent production licence.
- Allowing for a more flexible retention lease regime. The proposed change would leave the five year timeframe for retention leases as the default position but also allow applicants to nominate a maximum timeframe for their retention lease (between three and 15 years). The Joint Authority could then approve the retention lease for timeframe up to, but not exceeding, that timeframe. Longer retention leases would be heavily scrutinised to ensure titleholders are maintaining an effort to commercialise the resource. The current application period for retention and production licences would also be increased to a flat four year period, rather than two years with an optional two year extension period.
- Considering the introduction of a voluntary project management regime that would allow titleholders to link


How to Modify Windows Registry with VBS
Introduction
Editor's Note: Tom's Hardware is pretty heavily oriented toward, well, hardware. However, we thought you'd appreciate this valuable little voyage into Windows Visual Basic scripting (VBScript) and Windows Registry modification. Starting with this article, when we see something you might find interesting, whatever it may be, we'll let you know about it. Take it away Mr. Thomas.
I'm a sort of evangelist for VBScript. One of my goals here is to lure you into using this programming language. Even if you have no interest in VBScript, I'm going to show you how to do something that you may like: how to remove those annoying arrows on shortcuts. In addition to VBScript code, I'll provide instructions on how to accomplish the same task using simple Windows Registry .reg files.
Beware, the IsShortCut method works fine for XP and Windows Server 2003, but can produce ugly side-effects in Vista. Down the road a bit, I'll publish a separate Shell Icons script to remove the arrows from Vista shortcuts.
Thanks to the .reg files supplied, you don't actually have to study VBScript to get this job done. However, if you use or would like to use VBScript, the VBScript examples show how easy it is to create objects. In this instance the object and its .RegDelete method modify the Windows Registry. It almost goes without saying that in other scripts you can use different methods to automate any task that you can perform through a GUI.
Removing the arrows on shortcuts is a classic case of Microsoft having not one, but three ways of configuring a Registry setting; VBScript, a .reg file and of course regedit.
My VBScript method, which deletes the IsShortCut value, works for both XP and Vista machines. However beware, because in Vista, removing this Registry value causes problems with shortcuts in the Favorites folder.
If you just want to remove the arrows quickly, use the .reg file. If you are using my VBScript to remove the arrows, the .reg files provide a complimentary method for resetting the Registry before you run the script for a second time.
A hidden bonus of using a script to remove the shortcut arrows is that you learn about the full range of Registry commands: .RegWrite, .RegDelete and .RegRead.
Join our discussion on this topic


text:
This course is focused on developing the student's skills in an integrated coordinate geometry and drafting environment with an emphasis on MicroSurvey (2008) software. When possible, we will use field data from the concurrent Field Survey course. Students will become familiar with electronic data uploading and downloading and data processing. The student will learn traverse data entry and adjustment, importing and exporting routines, creation of drawing templates, Land title drafting standards, creation of symbols and parts. Creation of basic legal survey plans, subdivision and area calculations, fitting house layout to lots with set back requirements and an introduction to 3D modeling and contour plans.
Upon completion of this course the student should be confident in using Microsurvey for standard coordinate geometry calculations and be able to draft basic legal survey plans to industry standards.
Date First Offered:
Total Hours: 40
Laboratory Hours: 2
This course is offered online:
SURV 101 Surveying CAD 1
- Review of scales, layers, line configuration, menu structure, defaults
Coordinate Input Traversing
- Field note entry, ASCII input and export, data collector interface, traverse and side shots
- Compass rule adjustment
- Inversing, Brg-Brg, Dist-Dist, Brg-Dist intersections, area computations
- Linework, symbols, block creation and insertion, labeling
- Area computations and subdivision of polygons
- Building layout calculations, embedding drawing commands into field surveys, creation of drawing templates
- Subdivision design project in class
3 D Capabilities
- Creation of TIN model and contouring
Upon successful completion, the student will be able to:
- Import and export ASCII data files
- Import and export microsurvey, AutoCAD and DXF drawing files
- Enter traverse and adjust traverse data
- Fit objects within defined setbacks (house foundation setbacks)
- Create drawing templates with standard line types and text heights
- Utilize COGO capabilities of Microsurvey
- Utilize the 2D drawing capabilities of Microsurvey
- Demonstrate understanding of the potential of Microsurvey's 3D capabilities
- Demonstrate field to finish surveying by importing data collected with embedded drawing codes
- Produce a basic legal survey plan to Land Title Office Standards
Final Exam: 30 %
Quizzes and Tests: 30 %
Assignments: 20 %
Project: 20 %
Number of Assignments:
Percentage of Individual Work:
Course Offered in Other Programs:
Comments - This course has 5 evaluated components:
- All assignments completed in class time or at due time
- All term tests (written) completed in class time
- Final exam (written) completed within exam time
- An individual CAD project must be successfully completed
Assignments: Late assignments, lab reports or projects will not be accepted for marking. Assignments must be done on an individual basis unless otherwise specified by the instructor.
Makeup Tests, Exams or Quizzes: There will be no makeup tests, exams or quizzes. If you miss a test, exam or quiz, you will receive zero marks. Exceptions may be made for documented medical reasons or extenuating circumstances. In such a case, it is the responsibility of the student to inform the instructor immediately.
Ethics: NLC assumes that all students attending the institution will follow a high standard of ethics. Incidents of cheating or plagiarism may, therefore, result in a grade of zero for the assignment, quiz, test, exam, or project for all parties involved and/or expulsion from the course.
Illness: A doctor's note is required for any illness causing you to miss assignments, quizzes, tests, projects, or exam. At the discretion of the instructor, you may complete the work missed or have the work prorated.
Attempts: Students must successfully complete a course within a maximum of three attempts at the course. Students with two attempts in a single course will be allowed to repeat the course only upon special written permission from the Dean. Students who have not successfully completed a course within three attempts will not be eligible to graduate from the appropriate program.
Course Outline Changes: The material or schedule specified in this course outline may be changed by the instructor. If changes are required, they will be announced in class.
-"Introduction to MSCAD 2008" will be provided by instructor
-Metric triangular scale, memory stick (flash drive)


text:
- Liquid crystal sheet (available at museum,
nature stores, and science supply catalogs)
- Table top
1. Have a student touch his or her fingertips
on a table top for 30 seconds. Make sure the student has warm
2. While handling
the liquid crystal sheet only by its edges, put it on the spot
where the fingertips touched the table. Observe what happens
over the next several seconds.
Infrared telescopes have a detector sensitive to infrared light.
The telescope is placed as high up in the atmosphere as possible--on
a mountain top, in an aircraft or balloon, or flown in space--because
water vapor in the atmosphere absorbs some of the infrared radiation
from space. The human eye is not sensitive to infrared light,
but our bodies are. We sense infrared radiation as heat. Because
of this association with heat, telescopes and infrared detectors
must be kept as cool as possible. Any heat from their surroundings
will create extra infrared signals that interfere with the real
signal from space. Astronomers use cryogens such as liquid nitrogen,
liquid helium, or dry ice to cool infrared instruments.
This activity uses a liquid crystal detector
that senses heat. Also known as cholesteric liquid crystals,
the liquid inside the sheet exhibits dramatic changes in colors
when exposed to slight differences in temperature within a range
of 25 to 32 degrees Celsius. When the student placed his or
her fingers on the table top, heat from the fingertips transferred
to the table's surface. The liquid crystal sheet detects the
slight heat remaining after the student's hand is removed. A
visible image of the placement of the fingertips emerges on
the sheet. In the case of an infrared telescope in space, the
energy is detected directly by instruments sensitive to infrared
radiation. Usually, the data is recorded on computers and transmitted
to earth as a radio signal. Ground-based computers reassemble
- How was infrared radiation discovered?
- Learn about cholesteric liquid crystals. An
Austrian botanist, Freidrich Reinitfer, discovered them in 1838.
This Activity is from "Space-Based Astronomy:
A Teacher's Guide With Activities"
Originally published by NASA, August 1994.


text:
Sherri MacKay, Joanna Henderson, Carol Root, Diane Warling, K.B. Gilbert and Janice Johnstone
The Arson Prevention Program for Children (TAPP-C)
is an intervention program to reduce fire setting and other fire involvement, and promote fire safety, among children from two to 16 years of age. This guide provides a conceptual framework and useful techniques for mental health providers working with children, teens and their families.
The TAPP-C manual is divided into four main parts: Part 1 explains the program; Part 2 consists of caregiver modules; Part 3 consists of child modules; and Part 4 gives information about special issues, such as dealing with adolescents and children living in group homes or residential facilities.
Each of the caregiver and child modules includes:
- background information for the clinician
- psychoeducational content about the session theme to convey to the client in-session and home practice exercises
- suggestions and opportunities to help families review session content and work through exercises together
- worksheets to photocopy
- ISBN 978-0-88868-444-8 • 212 pages • spiral-bound
- $29.95 • published 2004 • product code PG116


. The SPS operates normally if not tested. It is not possible to test the system in-flight.
What are the color codes of the pitch limit indicator (PLI)? Green: 10 to 5° Amber: 5 to 2° Red: < 2°.(2-04-25 p. 8)
Will terrain display on the MFD if the radar is deferred? (2-04-30 p. 1) The radar has no input. The terrain information is a database.
What bank angle will trigger a "bank angle" aural warning? (2-04-30 p. 24) 6° at the surface to 40° at 150 ft, increased sensitivity with roll rate.
What does solid red mean on the EGPWS?(2-04 30 p. 30) Warning terrain. (Approximately 30 s from impact.)
What does solid yellow mean on the EGPWS?(2-04 30 p. 30) Caution terrain.(Approximately 60 s from impact.)
What do high-density red dots mean on the EGPWS? (2-04 30 p. 30) Terrain > 2,000 ft above the aircraft.
What do high density yellow dots mean on the EGPWS? (2-04 30 p. 30) Terrain between 1,000 to 2,000 ft above the airplane
What do medium density yellow dots mean on the EGPWS? (2-04 30 p. 30) Terrain between 500 ft (250 ft with gear down) below to 1,000 ft above the airplane.
What do medium density green dots mean on the EGPWS? (2-04 30 p. 30) Terrain between 500 ft (250 ft with gear down) below to 1,000 ft below the airplane.
What do light density green dots mean on the EGPWS? (2-04 30 p. 30) Terrain that is 1,000 to 2,000 ft below the airplane.
What terrain is not shown on the EGPWS?(2-04 30 p. 30) Terrain that is more than 2,000 ft below the airplane, terrain that has an elevation within 400 ft of the runway elevation of the nearest airport, & terrain not in EGPWS database is magenta.
What will trigger an amber windshear & what will you see? A red windshear? (2-04-35 p. 4) Amber: Triggered by a sudden increase in performance. CAUTION WINDSHEAR aural warning & amber "WDSHEAR" appears in the upper left of PFDs. Red: Triggered by a sudden decrease in performance. WINDSHEAR(X 3) aural warning & a red WDSHEAR appears on PFDs.
How is windshear escape guidance mode entered?(2-04-35 p. 6) Automatically: (1) When in GA or TO mode & any windshear condition is detected.(2) > 78° TLA & red windshear is detected.Manually: By pressing the GA button when any windshear condition is detected.
What does the flight director do once windshear escape guidance mode is entered. (2-04-35 p. 6) A green WSHR in the vertical field & ROLL in the lateral field on both PFDs. The flt director provide a recovery pitch attitude. other flight director modes are canceled & some vertical modes are inhibited: altitude pre-select, go-around, & takeoff.
What are the 3 priorities of the windshear escape guidance mode? (2-04-35 p. 6) (1) Prevent the airplane from stalling.(2) Prevent the airplane from descending.(3) Prevent the airplane from exceeding VMO.
When will the airplane exit windshear escape guidance? (2-04-35 p. 7 rev 23) > 1500 AGL, another vertical mode is selected (it will just re-enter automatically if windshear is still detected), invalid AHRS, ADC, or stall protection computer.
How much time or distance does a TCAS caution or warning give before a conflict? (2-04-40 p. 02 rev 23) Caution: 35 to 45 s.Warning: 20 to 30 s.
When are TAs inhibited? RAs?(2-04-40 p. 9) TAs: < 1000 ft descending, < 1200 ft climbing.RAs: < 400 ft descending, < 600 ft climbing.
What are the relative altitude ranges of the TCAS?(2-04-40 p.10) Normal: ±1200 ft in auto, ±2700 ft in manual.Above: +7000 -2700 ft, Below: -7000 +2700 ft.
What does a hollow cyan diamond on the TCAS mean? A solid cyan diamond? A solid amber circle? A solid red square? (2-04-40 pp. 39-41) Hollow cyan diamond: An aircraft within the selected range / altitude. Solid cyan diamond: < 6.5 nm & < 1,200 ft vertically.Solid amber circle: A TA.Solid red square: An RA.
Describe the main batteries & their normal operation.(2-05-05 p.1) Two 24 V DC, 44 amp-hr, ni-ca batts. norm ops, batt 1 is conn in // with gens 1 & 3 (net1). Batt 2 is conn in // with gens 2 & 4 (net2). Batt 2 supp pwr for APU start, while batt 1 is isol from the load buses to provide stable pwr to equip.
Why does this aircraft have NI-CAD batteries?(AC65-9) NiCad batteries are able to deliver large amounts of current & maintain steady voltage until almost entirely discharged.
Can the GPU operate in parallel with the aircraft batteries or generators? No, it has priority over any other power source while energizing the aircraft. (2-05-05 p. 5)
How long can the batteries supply power for essential loads in case of an all-generator-failure condition? How many APU starts are allowed in that amount of time? ≥ 40 min (includes 3 APU start attempts).(2-05-05 p. 6 rev. 31)
Describe the main generators. (2-05-05 p. 6 rev 22) 4 independent, engine-driven, brushless generators. Each generator is controlled by a dedicated generator control unit (GCU). The generators will come on-line when the engines stabilize > 56.4% N2.
Describe the backup battery & its function.(2-05-05 p. 7; 2-05-20 p. 5) One 24 V DC 5 amp-hr sealed lead acid battery provides stabilized power for the operation of the GCU's protective function, even in case of short circuit, when the system voltage may drop to zero. It also powers the DC distribution (EDL).
When will the APU generator normally come on-line after start? (2-05-05 p.8) 95 % RPM + 7 s.
What does the APU GEN button do, and what is its normal position? (2-05-05 p. 8) Connects the APU generator to the central bus, normally IN & dark.
When all generators are operating, which bus is the APU generator connected to? Connected in parallel with the generators supplying DC bus 2 via the central bus. (2-05-05 p. 8-9)
What is the purpose of the central DC bus? Where does the central bus get power in an electrical emergency? (2-05-05 p. 9 & 2-05-10 p. 6, 6b, & 25) Conn the APU gen or GPU to the load buses through the bus tie ctcrs. It also prov bus interconn in case of gen unavailability. In an electrical emergency it is powered by battery 2 through hot bus 2 (i.e., BC 2 stays closed so the APU can be started).
Describe the in-flight DC electrical distribution with 4 or 5 generators on-line. 3 generators? 1 or 2 only?Loss of all generators?(2-05-05 p. 9 & 2-05-10 p. 6, 6A, & 25) 4 or 5: Two networks with all buses 3: 1 net interconn through bus tie ctcr with all buses energized.1 or 2: 1 net no shed bus(in-flight) or with the shed buses on the ground when in OVRD.No generators: Batt energize ESS buses & central bus only.
What is the ground service bus?(2-05-05 p. 10) Powers the cabin lts, lav lts, galley lts, courtesy, cockpit lts, baggage & service compart lts. Its functions are independent of the EDL. It is energized by connecting the GPU plug to the airplane when the batt & gens are not connected to the buses.
What does the AC electrical system consist of?(2-05-05 p. 12) 1 250 VA/400 Hz single phase static inverter that converts 28 V DC from DC bus 1 into 115 V-AC power.
What systems use 115 V-AC power?(2-05-05 p.


Math learning app Photomath raises $23 million as it reaches 220 million downloads – ClearTips
Math learning app Photomath raises $23 million as it reaches 220 million downloads – TechCrunch
Photomath, the popular mobile app that helps you solve equations, has raised a $ 23 million Series B funding round led by Menlo Ventures. The application is a mass consumer success, and chances are you may already know about it if you have a teenager at home.
The application lets you point your phone's camera at a math problem. It identifies what has been written and gives you a step by step explanation to solve the problem. You might think that this is the perfect app for lazy students.
But there are many different use cases for photomaths. For example, you can write an equation in your notebook and use Photomath to draw a graph.
Typing an equation on a keyboard is quite difficult. This is why narrowing the gap between the physical world and your smartphone is the key to the success of Photomath. You can just grab a pen and write something on a piece of paper. Essentially, it is an AR calculator.
There is an interesting story behind the success of the app. Photomath was originally designed as a demo app for another company called MicroBlink. At the time, the team was working on the text recognition technique. It planned to sell its core technology to other companies that might be useful.
In 2014, he pitched MicroBlink at ClearTips Disrupt in London. And things changed drastically overnight as Photomath reached the first position of the iOS App Store.
Photomath has now attracted over 220 million downloads. As of this writing, it is still # 59 in the US App Store, one rank above Tinder. Other companies tried to make it competitive, but it seems they do not manage to crush small European startups.
The application seems even more relevant as many children are spending more time studying at home. They simply cannot raise their hands to call the teacher for some help.
Photomath is free and users can optionally pay for Photomath Plus, a premium version with more features, such as dynamic pictures and animated tutorials.
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text:
Lost but Not Forgotten memorial plaque
A joint partnership between the Aboriginal community and Kempsey Shire Council has enabled dozens of unmarked graves to be acknowledged and remembered at the East Kempsey Cemetery. A special memorial plaque has been set in a large boulder at the cemetery and was unveiled on Tuesday, 19th December 2006.
The East Kempsey Cemetery was surveyed using non-destructive radar as part of the Council's action plan for reconciliation, and through consultation with the Dunghutti Aboriginal community the need for an appropriate memorial was established. Dozens of graves, some of which are up to 100 years old were detected through the survey. Due to the age of some of the graves, accurate marking of a precise site is near impossible, so a joint project between the community and Council has resulted in a fitting memorial boulder and plaque marking the area.
The boulder was chosen from Thurgood's Haulage at a quarry at Crescent Head through consultation with the Dunghutti Elders of the Booroongen Djugun Aboriginal Corporation, the Local Aboriginal Land Council, Council's Aboriginal Liaison Officer and Booroongen Djugun's community support officer. The NSW Department of Environment and Conservation assisted with funding of the plaque. Wording on the plaque was put together by the Elders and support officers.
This project marked a significant step forward in reconciliation in Kempsey and is seen as a fitting spiritual tribute to lost souls.
Photo from the Macleay Argus showing Mayor Betty Green and Aunty Ruth Campbell unveiling the "Lost but not Forgotten" memorial plaque at East Kempsey Cemetery.
Stage 3 of this project, in consultation with the Dunghutti Aboriginal Community and particularly the Elders, the wording for the memorial Plaque.
Funding for the Memorial Plaque was contributed by the Department of Environment and Conservation Northern Aboriginal Heritage Region unit for site management and protection, through their Aboriginal Heritage and Conservation Project funding.
The memorial boulder was chosen through the consultation process and donated by David Thurgood of Thurgood Haulage Kempsey.
Debra Morris, Aboriginal Liaison Officer, Kempsey Shire Council and Amie McElroy, Aboriginal Community Support Officer, facilitated and supported the Dunghutti Aboriginal Community throughout this process.


text:
Integrated spindle subsystems simplify rotary motion in vacuum environments
Transmitting rotary motion into a vacuum chamber, whether in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, optical coating chambers, or highspeed X-ray anodes, is no simple task. Combining the necessary sub-components is often complicated and time consuming. However, systems engineers are increasingly designing in larger electro-mechanical sub-assemblies rather than integrating smaller components for such complex, niche applications. This lets the designers focus on overall system design, while supplier partners select, integrate, and test the various subsystem components.
Working in a vacuum
Locating a drive mechanism or motor outside a chamber and transmitting rotary motion through the chamber wall into the vacuum can be challenging. Sealing a moving part, such as a shaft rotating at 3,000 rpm, is no simple feat. The seal must be totally leakproof to avoid loss of vacuum and to prevent the ingress of moisture and contaminants. If the seal wears, particles must not enter the system and degrade the vacuum or contaminate the process materials.
System designers can solve rotary sealing challenges with simple Orings, lip seals, magnetic liquid seals, all-metal seals, and magnetic couplings. The type of seal selected depends on many factors, including the base vacuum required, cleanliness requirements, differential pressures, speed of rotation, and, of course, budget. Magnetic liquid feedthroughs are common in applications that demand high rotation speeds, cleanliness, and long life. These seals use a magnetic liquid held in place between rotor and stator by permanent magnets to form a non-wearing liquid O-ring seal.
A motor usually provides the rotary motion for the system, connected to the feedthrough shaft via belts, gears, or chain drives. Integrating all of these components can get complicated. Selecting a motor and designing the transmission requires significant electrical and mechanical expertise and can be time consuming. Compounding these problems, schedules are often delayed by delivery or quality problems with the many necessary sub-components.
Subsystems seal the deal
Fully integrated sealing subassemblies, such as a leak-tight magnetically sealed spindle with an integrated motor, have stepped up to meet the increasing demand for sealing and rotation capabilities in a simple computer-controlled, plug-and-play package. Compact size is an increasing concern of many system manufacturers, and a motorized spindle with integrated in-line motor is not much larger than a standard feedthrough. It is considerably smaller than a configuration consisting of a feedthrough, offset gears, and motor.
This type of subsystem combines two key components, a Ferrofluidic seal and a motor. Ferrofluidic sealing relies on a magnetic liquid's response to an applied magnetic field to seal a rotating shaft. A stationary permanent magnet encircles the rotating shaft, and pole pieces are attached to either side. A series of grooves is machined into either the shaft or pole pieces. The magnetic circuit completed by the stationary pole pieces and the rotating shaft concentrates magnetic flux in the gap between each pole and the shaft, with particular concentration of flux on top of the ridges, or stages, between the machined grooves. A very small volume of ferrofluid applied in the radial gap is strongly attracted to the areas of highest flux density. It forms a series of liquid O-rings on the stages to produce a hermetic seal.
The second key component of the subsystem is a compact, frameless inline brushless dc motor, attached directly to the shaft to drive the spindle. This contrasts with the more commonly used offset belt-driven, geardriven, or shaft-coupled configurations and permits 100% torque transmission — much better than offset drive or flexible couplings — with zero backlash. The integrated motor eliminates the need for gears, belts, mechanical couplings, brackets, and additional framework.
Aside from small size, many vacuum applications require high positioning accuracy. The unit's precision ball bearings enable high rotational speeds under heavy load conditions with high shaft stiffness and low runout, while speed and position are controlled with an optical encoder and precision controller.
In addition to standard designs, motorized spindles may be customized with several options. For example, direct water-cooling can be added to extend a drive's capabilities at high temperatures and speeds. They can be designed with solid or hollow shafts and various ball bearings and ferrofluid options. Also, depending on the system's precision requirements, a variety of encoder and resolver feedback and control circuits may be incorporated.


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Generators inside out is an one-day hands-on workshop that provides in-depth introduction to generators in Python.
Using lot of examples and exercises, this workshop introduces the idea of generators in depth with emphasis on the new style of programming that generators makes possible. We'll also see how to build a cooperative multi-threading library using generators and explore the new async and await constructs of Python 3.
At the end of the workshop, you'll be able to:
- write generator functions and generator expressions
- build data pipelines using generators
- process large datasets efficiently using generators
- write asynchronous programs using
- Ability to write functions in Python
- Good knowledge of basic data types in Python
- Know how to write list comprehensions
- Exposure to classes in Python
- Experience of using Python standard library
September 18, 2016 (Sunday)
9:00 AM to 4:00 PM
The Energy & Resources Institute
4th Main, 2nd Cross
Domlur, 2nd Stage
Learn iteration works in Python by understanding iteration protocol and the concept of iterable and iterator.
Introduction to the concept of generators. Understand how generators support lazy evaluation and how that can be use to create data pipelines for processing large datasets. Also explores how generators leads to better program organization.
Generators as coroutines
Learn how to use generators as coroutines to achive cooperative multitasking.
Coroutines with async and await
Understand the new
async constructs introduced in Python 3.5 for writing native coroutines.
Anand is a software consultant and trainer based in Visakhapatnam. He has over 13 years of experience in architecting and developing variety of software applications. He is co-author of web.py, a micro web framework in Python. He has worked at Strand Life Sciences and Internet Archive.


Quick, clean, and to the point
Match long text
Excel formula: Match long text
Generic formula
To match text longer than 255 characters with the MATCH function, you can use the LEFT, MID, and EXACT functions to parse and compare text, as explained below. In the example shown, the formula in G5 is:
where data is the named range B5:B15.
Note: this formula performs a case-sensitive comparison. See notes below for other options.
The MATCH function has a limit of 255 characters for the lookup value. If you try to use longer text, MATCH will return a _TAG_ error. To workaround this limit you can use boolean logic and the LEFT, MID, and EXACT functions to parse and compare text.
Note: this formula performs an exact match when both the lookup value and array values are greater than 255 characters. See below for other options.
The string we are testing with in cell E5 is 373 characters as follows:
Lorem ipsum dolor amet put a bird on it listicle trust fund, unicorn vaporware bicycle rights you probably haven't heard of them mustache. Forage helvetica crusty semiotics actually heirloom. Tumblr poutine unicorn godard try-hard before they sold out narwhal meditation kitsch waistcoat fixie twee literally hoodie retro. Messenger bag hell of crusty green juice artisan.
At the core, this is just a MATCH formula, set up to look for 1 in exact match mode:
The array in the formula above contains only 1s and 0s, and 1s represent matching text. This array is constructed by the following expression:
This expression itself has two parts. On the left we have:
EXACT(LEFT(E5,255),LEFT(data,255)) // compare first 255 chars
Here, the LEFT function extracts the first 255 characters from E5, and from all cells in the named range data (B5:B15). Because data contains 11 text strings, LEFT will generate 11 results.
The EXACT function then compares the single string from E5 against all the 11 strings returned by LEFT. EXACT returns 11 results in an array like this:
On the right, we have another expression:
EXACT(MID(E5,256,255),MID(data,256,255) // compare next 255 chars
This is exact the same approach as used with LEFT, but here we use the MID function to extract the next 255 characters of text. The EXACT function again returns 11 results:
When the two arrays above are multiplied by one another, the math operation coerces the TRUE FALSE values into 1s and 0s. Following the rules of boolean arithmetic, the result is an array like this:
which is returned directly to MATCH as the lookup array. The formula can now be resolved to:
The MATCH function performs an exact match, and returns a final result of 10, which represents the tenth text string in B5:B15.
Note: the text length shown in the example is calculated with the LEN function. It appears for reference only.
Case-insensitive option
The EXACT function is case-sensitive, so the formula above will respect case.
To perform a case-insensitive match with long text, you use the ISNUMBER and SEARCH functions as follows:
The overall structure of this formula is identical to the example above, but the SEARCH function is used instead of EXACT to compare text (explained in detail here).
Unlike EXACT, the SEARCH function also supports wildcards.
The XMATCH function does not have the same 255 character limit as MATCH. To perform an similar match on long text with XMATCH, you can use the much simpler formula below:
Note: XMATCH supports wildcards, but is not case-sensitive.
The example above shows a worksheet where the lookup value and some of the entries in the lookup array are longer than 255 characters, and the match type is exact. If the lookup value is less than 255 characters, but some values in the lookup array are greater than 255 characters, you can use MATCH function with the SEARCH function like this:
This formula works when text in E5 is less than 255 characters, but values in column B are greater than 255 characters. The behavior however is different. Instead of finding an exact match (as in the example above) this formula performs a contains match. SEARCH will return a number if the text in E5 appears anywhere in a cell that is part of the named range data. Detailed explanation here. The equivalent formula using XMATCH with wildcards is:
A similar wildcard search with the MATCH function won't work because of the 255 character limitation.
Dave Bruns
Excel Formula Training
Download 100+ Important Excel Functions


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Students with communication and behavioural difficulties from Patcham House special school scripted, performed and produced a film called It's A Dog's Life, incorporating a series of clay animation films and historical live action drama.
Who was involved
How can we use performing and media arts with Year 9 to impact on their behaviour as collaborators and communicators?
The project was led by the ideas and opinions of the young people. Students agreed that they wanted to focus on making a film about dogs – a common interest they shared.
Students, staff, parents and the creative practitioner discussed and explored ideas informally, usually in small groups and sometimes out walking, sometimes with dogs from the rescue centre and also with their own dogs.
Students developed creative skills in photography, film making, writing and making. They were encouraged to use these skills to reflect their feelings and views about animals, drawing attention to the work of the RSPCA and others in order to affect change.Back to top
The project culminated in an exhibition and film screening at the Jubilee Library in Brighton which was open to the general public as well as invited guests.
All participants in this project, including teachers, were overwhelmingly positive about their experience and the outcomes of this project; one student describing a day as "the best ever".


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Frequently Asked Questions
Section 1: What is Beanstalk CRF and how does it work?
What is a Controlled-Release Fertiliser?
Beanstalk Ag's Controlled-Release Fertiliser are encapsulated mineral prills that release nutrient to your plant depending on the stage of the growth cycle. The porous polymer coating allows nutrients to dissolve into solution at an equivalent rate to your plants water usage. This consistent access to nutrients enables your plant to utilise what it needs when it is needed. Taking the guesswork out of your growing and removing the requirement for bottled NPK fertilisers and additives.
What are the benefits of CRF?
Our product allows you to stop mixing fertiliser at all stages of plant growth, reducing the cost of both applying fertiliser and maintaining complex fertigation injectors. CRF allows you to eliminate most runoff from your facility, significantly reducing your environmental impact and your cost of goods sold. With a single application of Beanstalk CRF, you can simplify your SOP's, improve efficiency and quality, whilst also saving money.
What is the coating made of?
Our coating is a proprietary Polyolefin based polymer that completely breaks down over time and, unlike commercial time release fertilisers, does not create microplastics that pollute the waterways.
Why the reduced Phosphorus formula?
We use a unique mineral composition of Phosphorus that is completely water soluble. This, in conjunction with our ability to eliminate runoff, allows all the Phosphorus in our product to be utilised by the plant. Therefore, removing the need to add excessive amounts of phosphorus.
Why the high Potassium formula?
Through extensive testing we have found that potassium is the nutrient most responsible for fruit and flower quantity and quality. All nutrients are needed at appropriate levels, but high potassium levels are essential for fast-growing plants throughout the flowering phase.
Section 2: Dosage rates, substrate choice and how to pot up
What are the usage rates?
Absolute Flower - 15- 20 grams per four litres of substrate (minimum 3.75g per litre)
K-Boost- 5 - 8 grams per four litres of substrate (minimum 1.25g per litre)
CA-Fortify- 5-8 grams per four litres of substrate (minimum 1.25g per litre)
V- Basis- 25 grams per four litres of substrate (minimum 6.25g per litre)
When do I add Beanstalk to my pot?
Apply the relevant Beanstalk product to each pot right before transplant. It is not recommended to premix CRF into the substrate too far in advance, as the moisture present will start to activate the fertiliser prematurely.
What is the best way to add Beanstalk to my pot?
When transplanting into a new pot, it is optimal to mix the fertiliser evenly throughout the substrate before potting the plant. Simply,
- Fill the pot 2/3 with your chosen substrate
- Add the relevant dose of Beanstalk products
- Mix thoroughly with your hands or a garden scoop
- Pot up the plant and fill with substrate
- Irrigate with water and, optionally, your preferred silica and non-NPK additives
If the plant is already in the container it is recommended to sub-dress the fertiliser.
What is sub-dressing?
Sub-dressing is the process of putting fertiliser on the surface of the substrate and then covering the fertiliser with enough substrate to ensure the CRF has adequate moisture contact to release nutrient. Sub-dressing can be used when stepping up to a bigger container.
Can I add Beanstalk to a plant already in its final pot?
Yes. You can also sub-dress the fertiliser if you have enough space left in the pot to add more substrate on top of the fertiliser. It is not ideal to let the CRF sit on top of the substrate as it requires moisture to release nutrient to your plant.
What size pot should I use?
The ideal pot size is going to depend on the size of your plant. Fertilising with CRF means leaving the plant in control of nutrient uptake. If you are using a 5-litre pot or smaller it is recommended to up the dose of Beanstalk by 2x, to fulfil the plant's nutrient requirements throughout the flowering cycle.
What substrate can I use with Beanstalk?
When growing in a pot, most commercially available potting substrates will be compatible. Our customers use a wide range of coco, peat, and compost-based substrate. Beanstalk CRF can also be used outdoors in conjunction with native soil.
Can I use a fertilised soil, like All Mix?
Yes. If using a soil that already contains 4-5 weeks of fertiliser then either sub-dress Beanstalk at full dose after 4-5 weeks (once the soil is depleted) or mix Beanstalk into the soil when transplanting at a reduced dose of 25% to 50%, depending on how heavily fertilised the soil is.
How long does CRF take to start working?
V-Basis begins to release very quickly and is suitable for clones and seedlings. Absolute Flower, K-Boost and CA-Fortify start releasing within the first 5-7 days of use. So, if transplanting into an unfertilised substrate, like coco, you may fertigate lightly with an NPK and CalMag in the first week.
Is your product organic?
No. However, CRF technology eliminates many environmental issues associated with most conventional fertilisers.
- Advanced polymer coating effectively controls nutrient release and prevents rapid dissolving in soil, reducing waterway pollution
- No requirement to irrigate to run-off, ensures efficient water usage
- Replaces all bottled NPK fertilisers and additives. reducing shipping and packaging costs
Can I use Beanstalk with Rockwool?
No. It is not recommended to use CRF with rockwool.
Can I use your product when planting in the ground?
Yes, you can! We recommend always having your soil tested before applying any fertiliser. Please use the Contact Us form to arrange a soil test.
Can I use your product in a greenhouse and outdoors?
Yes. Beanstalk CRF works great in a greenhouse and indoor environments or outdoors.
Section 3: Growing tips, additives and pH
What is V-Basis for?
V-Basis is a stand-alone fertiliser for propagation, small nursery plants and mother plants. It is a vegetative growth fertiliser and can be reapplied every 70 days.
Absolute Flower, K-Boost, and CA-Fortify are designed to be used together. This flowering trio is mixed into the final pot at transplant.
Can I still flush with CRF?
If you are looking to flush or reset your substrate, simply irrigate to runoff/ leach your pot to reduce the EC in the root zone.
What if my plants look overfed?
Simply flush to reset your substrate. Irrigate to run-off with water until the leachate reaches the desired EC. You can also do this if your plants are finishing earlier than expected.
What is the ideal irrigation pH?
The ideal Irrigation pH is between 5.8 and 6.5 this is the area where most nutrients necessary for plant growth become bio available to the plant. For coco-based substrate, a pH of 5.8-6.0 is ideal. For peat-based substrate, a pH of 6.0-6.5 is ideal.
Can I use other additives with your product?
Yes, Beanstalk CRF works great alone, but it is fully compatible with any non-NPK additives growers choose to use. Many growers utilise a silica supplement.
Can I use organic additives and inoculants?
Yes, absolutely! Inoculating your substrate with beneficial bacteria and fungi makes for a healthier root zone and improves nutrient uptake. Organic additives, such as kelp, humic and fulvic will also assist with nutrient cycling and uptake. Guanos and compost teas can also be utilised. Avoid additives with a high NPK value.
Do I need to add CalMag if using RO water?
Yes. We would always recommend using a separate CalMag supplement to raise your EC to a minimum of 0.4 EC, whether using RO, rainwater or tap water.
Is Beanstalk suitable for very fast-flowering cultivars?
Yes. If growing fast-flowering plant varieties, we recommend adding an extra 2 grams of CA-Fortify per four litres of substrate to ensure calcium requirements are met.
Got a question? Visit the Contact Us section


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News & Views
New Penguin Habitat at Aquarium of the Pacific Powered by Clean Energy from Honda Solar Panels
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., founding sponsor of the nonprofit Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, California, is providing Honda solar cell technology to help power the Aquarium's new June Keyes Penguin Habitat. The 11-kilowatt system provides a reliable supply of clean energy that is expected to reduce the Aquarium's reliance on grid-supplied electricity by more than 14,000 kilowatt hours per year. The new June Keyes Penguin Habitat opened to the public May 17, 2012.
This is the first public demonstration of Honda's solar panels in the United States. Honda currently has thin film solar panels installed in 22 Honda facilities worldwide including the company's motorsports engineering facility in Santa Clarita, Calif. and an auto manufacturing plant in Indiana. Honda's longstanding relationship with the Aquarium prompted this public debut. Since 1998, Honda has assisted with the Aquarium's important efforts for marine conversation, education and community outreach programs.
"Deploying Honda solar cell technology in the new penguin habitat is a great expression of our company's focus on advanced environmental technology, as well as environmental education and conservation. It's really a perfect match," said Stephan Morikawa, assistant vice president, Corporate Community Relations, American Honda Motor Co., Inc. "We are honored to support the Aquarium's mission in this way."
Honda CIGS thin-film solar panels use a thin-film compound of copper, indium, gallium and selenium (CIGS) that require less raw material, energy and related CO2 emissions to manufacture than conventional crystal silicon solar cells. CIGS panels are substantially thinner than traditional solar panels and enable stable power generation even when the cells are in the shade. The panels are manufactured and marketed by Honda Soltec, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
The June Keyes Penguin Habitat, a permanent new exhibit at the Aquarium, houses Magellanic penguins typically found near the southern tip of South America. Today, environmental issues are threatening their survival in the wild. The habitat includes educational exhibit panels and interactive touch screens where visitors can learn about penguins and why 75 percent of them are endangered or threatened.
"Some of our penguins were rescued and by telling their story we hope people will help penguins in the wild by decreasing their carbon emissions, choosing sustainable seafood, reducing pollution, and protecting areas where these penguins breed and forage," said Dr. Jerry R. Schubel, Aquarium of the Pacific president.
Honda Environmental Vision
Striving to achieve the Honda Environmental Vision of "realizing the joy and freedom of mobility and a sustainable society where people can enjoy life," in 2011 Honda established new voluntary targets for the reduction of CO2 emissions from its products, factories and office operations globally in order to address the critical issues of climate change and energy sustainability. At the same time, Honda introduced a global environmental slogan, "Blue Skies for Our Children," that draws directly from Honda's environmental heritage.
Based on this vision, Honda is deploying a comprehensive portfolio of advanced engine and powertrain technologies that includes more fuel-efficient gasoline-powered automobiles, powersports and power equipment products, as well as advanced gas-electric hybrid, battery electric and fuel cell electric automobiles. Honda is also working to develop advanced energy production and distribution technologies, such as solar cells, electricity and heat co-generation systems, and more efficient means of producing renewable biofuels.
Connect to Honda:
Honda News & Views: _URL_
Honda Multimedia Newsroom (for media only): _URL_
Honda in America: _URL_
Honda on Twitter: _URL_
Honda on Facebook: _URL_
Honda on YouTube: _URL_
Honda on Flickr: _URL_
Honda Website: _URL_


You are viewing the RapidMiner Studio documentation for version 8.1 - Check here for latest version
Drop Uncertain Predictions (RapidMiner Studio Core)
Synopsis
This operator sets all predictions to 'unknown' (missing value) if the corresponding confidence is less than the specified minimum confidence. This operator is used for dropping predictions with low confidence values.
Description
The Drop Uncertain Predictions operator expects a labeled ExampleSet i.e. an ExampleSet with label and prediction attributes along with prediction confidences. The minimum confidence threshold is specified through the min confidence parameter. All those predictions of the given ExampleSet are dropped where the corresponding prediction confidence is below the specified threshold. Suppose an ExampleSet with two possible classes 'positive' and 'negative'. If the min confidence parameter is set to 0.700, all the examples that were predicted as 'positive' but their corresponding 'confidence (positive)' value is less than 0.700 are classified as missing values. Similarly the label value is set to missing value for all those examples that were predicted as 'negative' but their corresponding confidence '(negative)' value is less than 0.700. This operator also allows you to define different minimum confidence thresholds for different classes through the min confidences parameter.
Input
 - example set input (Data Table)
 This input port expects a labeled ExampleSet. It is the output of the Apply Model operator in the attached Example Process. The output of other operators can also be used as input if it is a labeled ExampleSet.
Output
 - example set output (Data Table)
 The uncertain predictions are dropped and the resultant ExampleSet is delivered through this port.
 - original (Data Table)
 The ExampleSet that was given as input is passed without changing to the output through this port. This is usually used to reuse the same ExampleSet in further operators or to view the ExampleSet in the Results Workspace.
Parameters
 - class_handlingThis parameter specifies the mode of class handling which defines if all classes are handled equally or if individual class thresholds are set.
 - balanced: In this case all classes are handled equally i.e. the same confidence threshold is applied on all possible values of the label. The minimum confidence threshold is specified through the min confidence parameter.
 - unbalanced: In this case classes are not handled equally i.e. different confidence thresholds can be specified for different classes through the min confidences parameter.
 Range: selection
 - min_confidenceThis parameter is only available when the class handling parameter is set to 'balanced'. This parameter sets the minimum confidence threshold for all the classes. Predictions below this confidence will be dropped. Range: real
 - min_confidencesThis parameter is only available when the class handling parameter is set to 'unbalanced'. This parameter specifies individual thresholds for classes. Predictions below these confidences will be dropped. Range: list
Tutorial Processes
Dropping uncertain predictions of the Naive Bayes operator
The 'Golf' data set is loaded using the Retrieve operator. The Naive Bayes operator is applied on it to generate a classification model. The resultant classification model is applied on the 'Golf-Testset' data set by using the Apply Model operator. A breakpoint is inserted here so that you can see the labeled ExampleSet generated by the Apply Model operator. You can see that 10 examples have been classified as 'yes' but only 6 of them have 'confidence (yes)' above 0.700. Only 2 examples have been classified as 'no' but only 1 of them has 'confidence (no)' above 0.700. This labeled ExampleSet is provided to the Drop Uncertain Predictions operator. The min confidence parameter is set to 0.7. Thus all the examples where the prediction confidence is below 0.7 are set to missing values. This can be seen in the Results Workspace. 7 examples had a prediction confidence below 0.7 and all of them have been dropped.