text:
About the Network
The University Network for Collaborative Governance (UNCG) is made up of college and university centers, institutes and programs that engage in service, scholarship and teaching to build the capacity for collaborative governance.
The University Network for Collaborative Governance (UNCG) envisions a future where collaboration fosters our collective ability to understand and address the challenges of our times, and in the process, to reimagine and sustain our democracy. In that envisioned future, collaborative governance -- informed by practice, scholarship, and teaching, -- fosters a vibrant, equitable and resilient society and advances the common good in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, territories of the US, and other countries.
The University Network for Collaborative Governance champions collaborative governance by supporting and strengthening a network of faculty members and professionals from college and university centers, institutes, and programs that engage in collaborative governance practice, scholarship, and teaching.
In March 2008, the inaugural meeting of the Network was held in Atlanta, Georgia. Members of the Network adopted the Charter and identified objectives. In 2018, at its annual meeting in Portland, the Network unanimously adopted its Strategic Directions for the next ten years.
Network members have adoped a common set of principles that its members agree to adhere to in their organizational operations, functions, and practices. The principles reflect a commitment to maintaining the integrity and excellence of the programs and practices of these centers.
Each center has or will have an organizational charter or set of policies that articulates the principles as well as appropriate policies and standards to guide their practices.
About Collaborative Governance
Collaborative governance refers to community and public policy decision making processes and structures that enable participants to work together to enhance their communities and shape sustainable public policy decisions. Collaborative governance does this by engaging participants collectively and constructively across the boundaries of the public, private, and civic sectors to leverage the unique attributes and resources of each for the greatest impact. The collaborative approach to governance can encompasses any method, model, or process that is deliberative and consensual including civic engagement and service, public engagement, collaborative network management, public consultation, multi-stakeholder collaboration, collaborative public management, dispute resolution, and negotiation.
We have collected the most widely used definitions that encapsulates collaborative governance.
- Advance teaching, research and outreach in public deliberation, collaborative problem solving and multi-party conflict resolution;
- Share knowledge, information and best practices among members;
- Assist universities in shaping and adapting their research, teaching, and community engagement to enhance their effectiveness;
- Acquaint university leaders, policymakers, and the public with the role universities can play in carrying out collaborative governance practices;
- Provide linkages between university centers and leaders interested in using collaborative governance practices;
- Promote policies that support the use of best practices and systems for collaborative governance.
UNCG STATEMENT: Addressing the increase of violence in public spaces in the U.S.
The work of the Association for Conflict Resolution's Environment and Public Policy Section and the University Network for Collaborative Governance fosters opportunities for diverse voices to be heard, and for all to participate in shaping the decisions that affect our lives. We are sobered and saddened by the fact that violence, hate crimes, and intolerance have reached crisis levels in the United States. In opposition to intolerance and indifference to those harmed by this crisis, we consider robust, honest dialogue to be essential to our democracy. By robust and honest dialogue, we mean sharing our own insights and listening to those of others with respect, compassion and recognition for one another's humanity. Rather than avoiding conflict or ignoring injustice, robust dialogue promotes constructive confrontation, allowing us to surface and address these issues directly to produce healthy, sustainable, and just outcomes.
As conflict resolution practitioners, we are on the front lines of strong emotions and impulsive actions in a polarized environment. We reject physical and structural violence as a means to express hate, disagreement and dissent, or as a strategy for achieving outcomes. Instead, we commit ourselves, as organizations and individuals, to encouraging respectful discussion, facilitating the inclusion of diverse perspectives in public dialogue, and striving to create an environment conducive to constructive and brave discourse. To that end, we hope that the following tools and resources at this link are helpful in making this happen.


text:
Experimental Validation and Optimization of Computational Methods for High Pressure Fuel Pipe Brazed Joints 2018-01-1222
A V-engine high pressure fuel pipe have experienced several failures during dyno engine validations at brazed joints due to combination of static and dynamic engine loads. The braze fillet experience high local stress concentration with large gradients and it was critical to capture strain contour at this spot to properly understand the failure. Strain gauges was used to measure strain but was incapable of capturing the braze fillet due to the small fillet radius and lack of real estate to install the gauge (braze fillet radius ~ 0.10 mm). A whole field optical experiment method Digital Image Correlation was utilized to successfully captured strain contour at area of interest and results fed back to computational model.
In this paper, experimental investigation and theoretical simulation have been carried out to measure and analyze the strain at braze fillets. 3D CAD modeling software Siemens NX was used to design and manufacture a light weight fixture which was used to install the high pressure fuel pipe in uniaxial tension compression machine and perform displacement control compression test. Digital Image Correlation (3D-DIC) is utilized successfully to measure the strain magnitude and contour distribution at braze fillet. In the simulation, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model was developed for the fuel pipe and fixture assembly using 3D CAE software HyperMesh and Nastran, simulation was carried using same boundary conditions as DIC testing. The experimental and simulation results matched very well and validated the FEA model.
The detailed experimental and simulation procedures are demonstrated, and the results are also analyzed and correlated. Additional iterations were carried using the correlated FEA model to come up with new optimized design that reduced stress significantly and solved the braze failure problem.
Citation: Mashal, I., Zhang, B., Zhu, X., Yang, G. et al., "Experimental Validation and Optimization of Computational Methods for High Pressure Fuel Pipe Brazed Joints," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1222, 2018, _URL_ Download Citation

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


ArtsAutosBooksBusinessEducationEntertainmentFamilyFashionFoodGamesGenderHealthHolidaysHomeHubPagesPersonal FinancePetsPoliticsReligionSportsTechnologyTravel
A Short Comparison of Two Different Genres
Updated on May 29, 2013
Differences in an Academic Journal vs. a Personal Narrative
 - Paragraph Length
 - Sentence Length
 - Word Choice
 - Relationships with the Reader
Comparing two different genres of stories is like comparing apples and oranges. The differences are conspicuous and even a callow reader would be able to point them out. After reading two passages, Outbreaks of Food Borne Diseases in the Lazio Region, Italy: The Results of Epidemiological Field Investigations and Grouper with All the Trimmings, I've made comparisons between the genres. There are four major differences in the genres: paragraph length, sentence length, word choices, and relationships with the reader when comparing the genre of an academic journal to a personal narrative genre.
Comparing Paragraph Length
The paragraph length in the academic journal is extensive compared to that of a personal narrative. This is because in an academic journal, there are usually only one or possibly two ideas that the article would be about and the writer would go into great detail about each topic in an academic journal, making sure to cover as much information as possible so they can answer any questions that a reader might have. Because of this, the writer wouldn't need multiple paragraphs, but only a single, long paragraph for each topic that includes all the relevant information. An academic journal may have an introductory paragraph and a conclusive paragraph, but due to the nature of the writing and the type of audience that would read this genre, and introductory and conclusion paragraph isn't necessary. In a personal narrative, the writer is busy trying to convey feelings and experiences, which, as a typical human being, tends to change quickly and sometimes dramatically. Because of the erratic changing of ideas in a personal narrative, a writer would only have a small amount of information about each idea; therefore multiple paragraphs would be needed.
Comparing Sentence Length
The sentence length in the academic journal is longer than those in the personal narrative. This is due to the purpose of the two different genres. The information in the academic journal's purpose is to inform readers of factual accounts and requires support to maintain the credibility of the writer. Therefore, a writer expresses the idea and adds some extra content in order to support the idea. This is also due to the fact that a lot of the words in an academic journal (explained in the next section) are very technical and long, containing a lot of characters. In a personal narrative, the reader doesn't need proof of the story; therefore the writer can simply express their ideas and feelings without any added content, making sentences shorter. They are also able to use simpler words to make reading the story easier for the reader.
Comparing Word Choices
The word choice is one of the most obvious differences in the genres. The academic journal uses technical words; words that are considered "big" or "intelligent". These words must be used in order to demonstrate the knowledge of the writer in their particular field. The words are often scientific in nature and may require a definition or supporting argument. The personal narrative uses smaller and more relatable words so that their readers can easily indulge in the message without having to over-think the message.
Vote in this Poll!
Do you think it's easy or hard to read an Academic Journal?
See results
Comparing the Relationships with the Reader
The relationship with the reader is another major difference in the genres. In an academic journal, the relationship with the reader is impersonal and authoritative. One could almost say that the relationship between the writer and the reader is cold and uncaring. The writer's purpose in an academic journal is simply to inform, not to connect. The writer is simply trying to promote facts and knowledge. In a personal narrative, the relationship with the reader is very personal. The writer tries to connect with the reader on an emotional level so that the reader can draw mental pictures and actually feel what is happening in the story.
Paragraph length, sentence length, word choice, and relationships with the readers are four distinct differences in the academic journal and the personal narrative. These genres have major differences because they serve different purposes. The differences are obvious to readers and help to distinguish the two genres from each other.
By Dr. Russell James III, Texas Tech University
 0 of 8192 characters used
 Post Comment
 No comments yet.
 Click to Rate This Article


text:
Unfortunately _USER_/_USER_'s answer is incorrect. (_USER_'s maybe too, but the wording is hard to parse.)
Suppose you have a class
a.b.C and you arrange that the same class gets loaded by two different classloaders. According to the specifications, you will end up with two distinct
Class objects with the fully qualified name
a.b.C, and from the type system perspective two distinct types. Each of the types will have a different set of static variables.
The primary reference for this is JLS 4.3.4 - paragraphs 2 and 3.
You can infer that each reference type that is distinct (at runtime) will have a distinct set of statics from JLS 4.12.3, JLS 126.96.36.199, JLS 12.4, and other parts of the language spec.
So basically, will the following statement always be true:
In general it won't.
It will always be true in some cases, depending on how
myField. For instance, if the field is initialized to a literal String, then it will.
(The trick to observing this is to arrange that
MyClass is actually loaded by the two classloaders
B, and not by a common ancestor classloader.)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Kakeya problem, and connections to harmonic analysis
What is a Kakeya set?
Questions in harmonic analysis
The Kakeya conjecture
Further reading etc.
This page is meant to provide a very brief introduction to the Kakeya
problem and some related questions. It was first posted in January 2001,
and I expect that it will be evolving
over time. For one thing, I will update it if further progress is
made on the Kakeya conjecture. Also, I may include: descriptions of
other problems, either related directly to Kakeya or just similar in
spirit; more details about some of the ideas and methods involved;
additional links, references, etc.
If you have any comments or suggestions regarding this page, please
write to _EMAIL_.
What is a Kakeya set?
A Besicovitch set is a subset of Rn which contains
a unit line segment in each direction. Besicovitch sets are
also known as Kakeya sets.
Besicovitch sets have an interesting history. In 1917 Besicovitch was
working on a problem in Riemann integration, and reduced it to the
question of existence of planar sets of measure 0 which contain a
line segment in each direction. He then constructed such a set, and
published his construction in a Russian journal in 1920.
Due to the civil war and the blockade, there was hardly any communication
between Russia and the rest of the world at the time. (I was rather
surprised to hear that anybody could be bothered to publish mathematical journals
in Russia in 1920! But this is what Besicovitch says in Amer. Math.
Monthly 70 (1963), 697-706.) Thus
Besicovitch did not know that a Japanese mathematician Kakeya had asked,
also in 1917, a somewhat related question: what is the smallest area
of a convex set within which one can rotate a needle by 180 degrees
in the plane? Pal (1921) resolved that problem (the convex set
should be an equilateral triangle); the more interesting question, without
the convexity assumption, remained open. Besicovitch was told of
all this several years later, after he left Russia. By modifying
his original construction, he gave the surprising answer that the area in
question must of course be positive, but (with a lot of patience)
may be made arbitrarily small. His solution was published in 1928.
Many other ways to construct Besicovitch sets of measure
zero have since been discovered (Perron, Schoenberg, Kahane,...).
Most of them rely on the idea illustrated below. Essentially, we slice
a triangle into many thin subtriangles, and
then rearrange the latter so that they overlap a lot.
If one does this carefully and then takes the limit as the
number of subdivisions goes to infinity, one gets a Besicovitch set of
measure 0 in the plane. Straightforward product techniques extend
the construction to higher dimensions.
Questions in harmonic analysis
Kakeya sets (as well as a closely related construction due to
Nikodym, 1927) have long been used to construct various counterexamples
in analysis, starting with that Riemann integration problem considered
by Besicovitch in 1917. Here I'm only going to describe two central
problems in harmonic analysis - the restriction and Bochner-Riesz
conjectures - which seem to depend on just how small Kakeya sets
can really be. There are many other open problems in analysis,
as well as PDE and number theory, involving Kakeya sets. (See the
references in the "Further reading"
section for more info.)
1. Convergence of Fourier series.
In 1971, C. Fefferman used Besicovitch sets to construct a counterexample
to the ball multiplier conjecture, which concerned a very basic
problem in harmonic analysis. Let f be a function in
Lp(Rn), and let F
be its Fourier transform. If SR f ( x ) is the integral
of F(k) exp(2 \pi i k x) over |k| < R, do
SR f converge to f in Lp as
R goes to infinity? It has long been known that
Lp convergence holds for p = 2, and fails for
p = 1 or infinity, in all dimensions.
An old theorem of M. Riesz says that in dimension 1 the answer is yes
for all finite p > 1, and a higher-dimensional analogue was
generally expected to be true. However, Fefferman proved that in
dimensions > 1 convergence fails for all p other than 2!
Fefferman's argument showcases a beautiful interplay between multidimensional
Fourier analysis and Euclidean geometry. Here is how it goes.
The problem is equivalent to checking whether the disc multiplier
operator, which we will call S, is bounded on
It now suffices to find functions f in
such that the Lp norms of Sf are large.
Fefferman does this by letting f be a sum of characteristic
functions of long and thin tubes, multiplied by appropriate phase factors.
It turns out that S essentially shifts each tube by a fixed
distance in the "long" direction. Now suppose that the shifted tubes
form something close to a Kakeya set; then the support of Sf
is small, and so by Holder's inequality its Lp norm
Now the disc multiplier question can be rewritten as follows. Let f
and F be as above, and let g(k) be the characteristic funtion
of the unit ball; does the inverse Fourier transform of F(k) g (k/R)
converge to f in Lp(Rn)
as R goes to infinity?
Fefferman's result says that it is always so only for p=2. Yet if
we let g to be e.g., a Gaussian instead, then the answer is yes
for all finite p > 1 - this is the standard textbook proof of the
Fourier inversion formula. So what happens if g(k) is somewhere
in between? Where exactly does convergence start to fail?
The Bochner-Riesz conjecture, which looks essentially like
a "regularized" version of the disc multiplier conjecture, deals with
exactly this question. It is generally regarded as one of the
major unsolved problems of harmonic analysis. (See Stein's book
for a comprehensive discussion.) It turns out that
Fefferman's construction would provide a counterexample to
the Bochner-Riesz conjecture, if one could construct a
Besicovitch set in Rn of Hausdorff
dimension less than n. We will have much more to say about
the latter question later on.
2. The restriction problem.
Let f be a function in
Lp(Rn), can we say
anything intelligent about the restriction of the Fourier
transform of f to a lower-dimensional subset E of
Rn? If E is a hyperplane, then
we can't - the Fourier transform of f does not even have
to be defined on E. But if E is a curved surface,
for example a sphere, then things are a bit different. There
are deep results, due to Stein, Tomas, Fefferman, Bourgain,
Wolff, and others, which say that for certain values of p
and q the Fourier transform of f
is actually in Lq(E). However, what has
been proven is still quite far from what is being conjectured.
Again, the n-dimensional geometry plays a major role,
and there is a point at which Kakeya sets become crucial
(this time, via the uncertainty principle).
Here is, very roughly, why. Let E=Sn-1
be the unit sphere. By duality, the restriction
problem is equivalent to estimating the Lq' norm
of the Fourier transform of measures supported on the sphere.
Let m be such a measure concentrated on a very small spherical
cap of diameter r. By uncertainty principle, its Fourier transform
is essentially constant on a tube of length r-2
and diameter r-1, pointing in the direction
perpendicular to the cap. Multiplying our measure m by
a suitable phase factor, we can place this tube anywhere we like
in the Fourier space.
Now consider the sum of a large number of such measures, multiplied
by phase factors chosen so that the corresponding Fourier tubes
form an approximate Kakeya set. As in the disc multiplier
argument, the Fourier transform of the whole thing has small
support and therefore large Lp norms.
The restriction and Bochner-Riesz problems have long been known to
be connected (e.g., partial results on both problems would often
follow from the same oscillatory integral estimate). One can trace
relevant research back to the 1930's, perhaps further.
Many significant contributions are due to Stein, Calderon, Zygmund,
Carleson, Sjolin, Fefferman, Hormander, Tomas, Cordoba, Christ,
Sogge, Carbery, Bourgain, Wolff, Moyua, Tao, Vargas, Vega,...
And it doesn't look like we'll be done with it any time soon.
The Kakeya conjecture
The problem below looks like geometric measure theory. The motivation for
studying it comes from harmonic analysis, analytic number theory,
and PDE. And the techniques used to prove the partial results
stated below are mostly

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
SAHEL WEATHER AND CROP SITUATION REPORTGlobal Information and Early Warning System on food and agriculture
Report No.1 - 18 June 2002
Click on one country or its name to consult the situation of this country
You can also look at the film of the rainy season in Western Africa and the Sahel.
The rainy season started in late April or May in southern Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger and the extreme south-east of Senegal; seasonably dry conditions prevail in the rest of Senegal, Cape Verde, The Gambia and Mauritania. The start of the rainy season is delayed in Guinea Bissau, which may seriously affect crop production as the growing season in this country usually starts in late April/early May. Satellite imagery for the first dekad of June confirms the rainfall pattern.
Land preparation and plantings are in progress following the onset of the rains. Dry planting is also underway in Mauritania. Seed availability problems are likely in Mauritania and Cape Verde following the 2001 reduced harvest and the unseasonable heavy rains in early January, and in Guinea Bissau as a result of the delayed rains.
The pest situation is calm. A few Desert Locusts were reported in early May
in a few places in Mali and Mauritania.
BURKINA FASO CAPE-VERDE CHAD GAMBIA GUINEA-BISSAU
MALI MAURITANIA NIGER SENEGAL


- As the UK's specialist aviation regulator, this strategy sets out how we propose to contribute to the development of greater understanding and application of Human Factors (HF) knowledge to support Human Performance (HP) in the operational environment. It builds on previous versions; sets out what we want to achieve; lays out our Strategic Objectives; and describes the expected benefits and outcomes.
 Supporting the strategy is the HF Action Plan which provides the detailed programme of work.
 The strategy will be periodically reviewed to ensure that it remains aligned with the European Strategy for HF in Aviation 2012 and other relevant national and international aviation safety plans and programmes. The HF Action Plan will be updated on a biennial basis.
 - The aviation environment is dynamic. It is constantly changing and evolving. How we understand the influences on people's behaviours and actions continues to develop. The aviation industry needs to focus on how to support people to be able to perform their allocated tasks safely in all circumstances.
 In recognition of this, the CAA's HF strategy seeks to move to a more proactive approach towards supporting and developing human performance in aviation. It will seek to understand people's limitations and how their capabilities can enhance safety. Application of human factors knowledge needs to include how people really behave in the operational environment, so that the equipment, processes, procedures and technology can support people to do their best.
 We want to include everyone involved in the aviation system. We will encourage the industry to consider their people earlier in the process because they are an essential element of aviation safety. Our strategy focuses on collaboration, aviation is global and so are the challenges we face. Aviation is a system of systems, it covers multiple interconnected activities, organisations and people.
 Our objectives are:
 - better use of data and information
 - embedding Human Factors assessment within normal oversight activities
 - supporting our inspectors to develop their knowledge and competencies
 - promoting best practices
 - collaborating with our stakeholders and other safety critical industries
 - remaining aligned with international standards
 The CAA cannot do this alone: everyone has their part to play in improving safety outcomes. This is a continuous improvement process aimed at supporting aviation safety developments, not just for today but also for the future.
 Our vision is that everyone involved in civil aviation systematically applies Human Factors knowledge and Human Performance principles to improve aviation safety.
 Human error alone is still often seen as the sole explanation for aviation accidents and incidents. However, to maintain and improve aviation safety, this view needs to be updated. The CAA's vision seeks to work collaboratively with all our industry communities to improve understanding and management of the factors that influence HP. This will be achieved through appropriate risk-based regulation and oversight, as well as safety promotional activities to lead and effect change.
 Lessons need to be learnt not just from reactive information, but from proactively identifying influences on HP. Every incident or accident may be unique but history shows the fundamental reasons frequently repeat themselves. We need to consider the different individual, organisational and operational environments. Advancements in technology and the rapidly changing global aviation environment will also have a significant influence on people and how they perform. By taking an inclusive and systemic approach, the CAA and everyone involved in aviation can support the development of optimal HP, now and in the future.
 The CAA's HF strategy focuses on developing greater awareness and understanding of HF. This will support proactive management of HF influences on HP. It aims to establish a consistent approach towards the understanding and oversight of HP requirements within aviation. Through its strategic objectives, it establishes a framework for the CAA's HF programme, recognising the need for a flexible approach to support the variability of those involved in the aviation industry.
 The strategy is focused on working collaboratively to promote more innovative approaches in assessing and managing HP in the real world. It seeks to proactively support the development of regulatory approaches based on Performance Based Oversight (PBO) and risk assessment.
 Risks to aviation safety are complex and influenced by multiple contributing factors. We need to be able to support and manage people within their operational environment to reduce and mitigate risks. To improve HP there needs to be a deeper understanding of the influences on teams and individuals. These influences include, but are not limited to: organisational, cultural, internal, external, systemic, and personal. Through understanding these influences, we should be able to support the development of practical approaches necessary to support and improve HP.
 To do this, we will be developing our oversight methodologies and developing inspectors' competencies. Supporting the development of oversight approaches will enable the CAA to be better positioned to evaluate the effectiveness of the current safety barriers. It will also allow us to learn from the positive contribution of humans in the aviation system. However, to embed change all those involved will need to demonstrate greater consideration of the influences on people. We should all focus on how to support people so that they can maintain the required level of safety performance for a specific task.
 People have limitations that influence their actions and their level of performance can vary daily. However, they also possess capabilities that support their performance in a positive way. People are flexible, innovative, and resourceful. To understand HP within the aviation environment consideration needs to be given to both human limitations and human capabilities. With HF, we are seeking to understand why people do the things they do. However, HP is focused on understanding how people actually perform their tasks in a real-world environment. It is the contribution of people to the system's performance.
 Aviation safety performance statistics show it remains one of the safest industries in the world. However, to maintain and improve safety outcomes we must continue to develop our approach. We need to understand HP in the current and the future aviation environment. This must be done against the backdrop of the economic pressures on resources faced by all within the industry.
 So, resources must be applied efficiently, in a way that accounts for the different risks and the different influences on individuals and organisations. Early consideration and understanding of HF within change management processes can deliver both safety and business benefits. Early consideration of the end user can ensure that task and technology considers the operational environment to support optimal HP. This prevents expensive redesign requirements or complex work arounds that could impact on safety.
 - Proactive use of data and intelligence
 - Integrated approach
 - Developing inspectors' competencies
 - Demonstrate expected performance
 - Collaborative partnership
 - HF in change management
 - Globally aligned
 There are many published examples of how early consideration of the impact of HF influences increases efficiency, reduces error, supports HP and can provide significant return on investment. These potential benefits, along with the statutory obligation towards safety and the implementation of SMS, provide incentives to seek a deeper understanding of HP within aviation.
 Greater knowledge of systemic influences, as well as individual capabilities and limitations, will enable efficient and effective use of human and organisational resources. Through understanding the influences on people within their own environment, individuals and organisations can support people to perform to the best of their ability in completing a required task. Thus, providing a high level of safety, efficiency and individual engagement.
 Early consideration of people in the design of equipment, technology and the development of procedures, will improve both safety and efficiency. Consideration should also be given to related aspects within the aviation system, such as the different teams that work collaboratively within the system. The interfaces between competing or even conflicting goals, of the individuals or teams involved also needs to be considered to optimise HP. Promotion and awareness of the multiple and variable challenges that people face will reduce the risk of potential mismatch between expected levels of performance and the actual level of performance in the real-world environment.
 To develop this awareness, the CAA's strategy focuses on greater collaboration nationally and internationally. We can also learn from other safety critical industries. These partnerships should realise greater improvements in understanding and applying HP knowledge. In turn, this will enable the CAA to develop and promote a consistent approach toward HF/HP requirements. It will be focused on supporting all our aviation communities and improving regulatory oversight of statutory requirements.
 With this strategy and the resources dedicated to it, the CAA is demonstrating that it remains committed to improving how HF is understood and the impact it has on the behaviours and actions of the people within the system. Our collaborative approach with enable the CAA to remain engaged in influencing European and global approaches to HF/HP.
 The success of this strategy will be measured through evidence of a maturing approach towards HF/HP within UK aviation. This should result in:
 - demonstrably improved levels of HF/HP competence of aviation personnel
 - increased reference to environmental and organisational influences on HP during internal audits and incident investigation
 - routine audit processes include assessment of HP principles associated with the specific task and environment
 - changes in HF incident investigation techniques that examine contributory and systemic issues
 - identification of systemic actions during audits and incident investigation with a reduction of blame towards an individual
 - reduction of audit closure based solely on retraining
 - implementation of proactive assessments of HP aimed at improving the working environment and task development
 - early consideration of the inclusion of HF/HP within risk assessments and change management as well at all stages of the process
 - collaboration and awareness within all areas of the aviation system to develop methods to improve HP
 - changes to processes and procedures to better reflect the operational environment and its influence on people's performance
 - a developing understanding as to how people contribute to developing and maintaining safety in every day operations
 - the development of regulations and guidance material that includes specific HP criteria
 - regulatory oversight approaches that include individual, organisational and environmental HP markers
 - the CAA is recognised as an authority that actively supports, develops and promotes improvements in HF knowledge and HP within the aviation industry.
 The C


text:
[Tkinter-discuss] How can I edit a string inside a textbox?
fredrik at pythonware.com
Thu Dec 6 12:27:17 CET 2007
Alex Garipidis wrote:
> I have a Tkinter Textbox in my application. I want to scan the
> textbox for a symbol, defined by me as a "mark", and
> change the word that is inside or next to that symbol.
> This is what i mean:
> If a user types this to the textbox:
> "Hello _USER_, how are you doing?"
> I want to scan this string for the "@" character (or something
> else) and edit the word next to it (or "inside" it, e.g.
> "_USER_@"), "everybody" in this case, and make it have
> a color for example or make it underlined.
to find things in a text widget, use the "search" method:
pos = text.search(string, start)
where "string" is the string you want to search for, and start is the
starting position (e.g. 1.0 or INSERT).
to search for things that match "_USER_", where "word" is an arbitrary
string of letters or digits, you can use a regular expression, e.g.
pos = text.search("@\w+", 1.0, regexp=True)
search only returns where the match begins; to find the end of "_USER_",
you can search from the given position to the first thing that isn't a
end = text.search("\W", pos + " 1 char", regexp=True)
to change the appearance of a block of text, register the style using
tag_config, and then use tag_add to apply the style tag to the block, e.g.:
# do this when you create the widget
# do this to apply this style to a range of text
text.tag_add("mystyle", pos, end)
hope this helps!
More information about the Tkinter-discuss


text:
Active Noise Control with Simulink Real-Time
Design a real-time active noise control system using a Speedgoat® Simulink® Real-Time™ target.
Active Noise Control (ANC)
The goal of active noise control is to reduce unwanted sound by producing an "anti-noise" signal that cancels the undesired sound wave. This principle has been applied successfully to a wide variety of applications, such as noise-cancelling headphones, active sound design in car interiors, and noise reduction in ventilation conduits and ventilated enclosures.
In this example, we apply the principles of model-based design. First, we design the ANC without any hardware by using a simple acoustic model in our simulation. Then, we complete our prototype by replacing the simulated acoustic path by the Speedgoat Target Computers and Speedgoat Support (Simulink Real-Time) and its IO104 analog module. The Speedgoat is an external Real-Time target for Simulink, which allows us to execute our model in real time and observe any data of interest, such as the adaptive filter coefficients, in real time.
This example has a companion video: Active Noise Control – From Modeling to Real-Time Prototyping.
ANC Feedforward Model
The following figure illustrates a classic example of feedforward ANC. A noise source at the entrance of a duct, such as a fan, is "cancelled" by a loudspeaker. The noise source b(n) is measured with a reference microphone, and the signal present at the output of the system is monitored with an error microphone, e(n). Note that the smaller the distance between the reference microphone and the loudspeaker, the faster the ANC must be able to compute and play back the "anti-noise".
The primary path is the transfer function between the two microphones, W(z) is the adaptive filter computed from the last available error signal e(n), and the secondary path S(z) is the transfer function between the ANC output and the error microphone. The secondary path estimate S'(z) is used to filter the input of the NLMS update function. Also, the acoustic feedback F(z) from the ANC loudspeaker to the reference microphone can be estimated (F'(z)) and removed from the reference signal b(n).
To implement a successful ANC system, we must estimate both the primary and the secondary paths. In this example, we estimate the secondary path and the acoustic feedback first and then keep it constant while the ANC system adapts the primary path.
Filtered-X ANC Model
With Simulink and model-based design, you can start with a basic model of the desired system and a simulated environment. Then, you can improve the realism of that model or replace the simulated environment by the real one. You can also iterate by refining your simulated environment when you learn more about the challenges of the real-world system. For example, you could add acoustic feedback or measurement noise to the simulated environment if those are elements that limit the performance of the real-world system.
Start with a model of a Filtered-X NLMS ANC system, including both the ANC controller and the duct's acoustic environment. Assume that we already have an estimate of the secondary path, since we will design a system to measure that later. Simulate the signal at the error microphone as the sum of the noise source filtered by the primary acoustic path and the ANC output filtered by the secondary acoustic path. Use an "LMS Update" block in a configuration that minimizes the signal captured by the error microphone. In a Filtered-X system, the NLMS update's input is the noise source filtered by the estimate of the secondary path. To avoid an algebraic loop, there is a delay of one sample between the computation of the new filter coefficients and their use by the LMS filter.
Set the secondary path to s(n) = [0.5 0.5 -.3 -.3 -.2 -.2] and the primary path to conv(s(n), f(n)), where f(n) = [.1 -.1.2 -.2.3 -.3.15 -.15]. Verify that the adaptive filter properly converges to f(n), in which case it matches the primary path in our model once convolved with the secondary path. Note that s(n) and f(n) were set arbitrarily, but we could try any FIR transfer functions, such as an actual impulse response measurement.
Secondary Path Estimation Model
Design a model to estimate the secondary path. Use an adaptive filter in a configuration appropriate for the identification of an unknown system. We can then verify that it converges to f(n).
Real-Time Implementation with Speedgoat
To experiment with ANC in a real-time environment, we built the classic duct example. In the following image, from right to left, we have a loudspeaker playing the noise source, the reference microphone, the ANC loudspeaker, and the error microphone.
Latency is critical: the system must record the reference microphone, compute the response and play it back on the ANC loudspeaker in the time it takes for sound to travel between these points. In this example, the distance between the reference microphone and the beginning of the "Y" section is 34 cm. The speed of sound is 343 m/s, thus our maximum latency is 1 ms, or 8 samples at the 8 kHz sampling rate used in this example.
We will be using the Speedgoat real-time target in Simulink, with the IO104 analog I/O interface card. The Speedgoat allows us to achieve a latency as low as one or two samples.
To realize our real-time model, we use the building blocks that we tested earlier, and simply replace the acoustic models by the Speedgoat I/O blocks. We also included the measurement of the acoustic feedback from the ANC loudspeaker to the reference microphone, and we added some logic to automatically measure the secondary path for 10 seconds before switching to the actual ANC mode. During the first 10 seconds, white noise is played back on the ANC loudspeaker and two NLMS filters are enabled, one per microphone. Then, a "noise source" is played back by the model for convenience, but the actual input of the ANC system is the reference microphone (this playback could be replaced by a real noise source, such as a fan at the right end of the duct). The system records the reference microphone, adapts the ANC NLMS filter and computes a signal for the ANC loudspeaker. We take care to set up our model properties so that the IO104 card is driving the cadence of the Simulink model (see IO104 in interrupt-driven mode). To access the model's folder, open the example by clicking the "Open Script" button. The model's file name is "Speedgoat_FXLMS_ANC_model.slx".
Noise Reduction Performance
We have measured the performance of this ANC prototype with both dual tones and the actual recording of a muffled washing machine. We obtained a noise reduction of 20-30 dB for the dual tones and 8-10 dB for the recording, which is a more realistic but also more difficult case. The convergence rate for the filter is less than a few seconds with tones, but requires much more time for the real case (one or two minutes).
Another aspect of performance is the latency of the system, as this determines the minimum distance between the reference microphone and the ANC loudspeaker. In our prototype, the active ANC loudspeaker that we are using may introduce latency, so we can make sure that this is not an issue by comparing the response between the two microphones to the response between the ANC output signal and the error microphone. The difference between these two delays is the maximum time the system has available to compute the anti-noise signal from the reference microphone. Using the same NLMS identification technique, we obtain the following response from the reference microphone to the error microphone:
Then, we may compare that response to the secondary path estimation:
The difference is only two or three samples, so using our current active loudspeaker and the Speedgoat, we cannot significantly reduce the distance between the reference microphone and the ANC loudspeaker in our prototype. To reduce the distance, we would need a loudspeaker that does not introduce any extra latency. We could also increase the sampling rate of the Simulink model (the Speedgoat latency is set to one or two samples, regardless of the sample rate).
S. M. Kuo and D. R. Morgan, "Active noise control: a tutorial review," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 87, no. 6, pp. 943-973, June 1999.
K.-C. Chen, C.-Y. Chang, and S. M. Kuo, "Active noise control in a duct to cancel broadband noise," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 237, no. 1, 2017. _URL_
Speedgoat Target Computers and Speedgoat Support (Simulink Real-Time)


Origin of Thought
A great effort was put in to the 2020 election cycle by many of our members. That successful effort carried candidates who share our values in government. People continue to move into the Florida, and specifically Collier County because of the freedoms offered by the way government is conducted.
Keep Our Quality of Life
We wanted to ensure the values and quality of life issue continue in all governmental bodies. That means we have to encourage newcomers to align their thinking with what has been a success in electing these values centric candidates. It means changing the voting patterns that initiated new residents to move away from their past home. This will include two main efforts:
 1. Reaching out to new residents and welcoming them to the area while providing them options to join and engage with like minded organizations. Easy to understand topics will include:
 1. No Income Tax
 2. Public Safety/Strong Police Enforcement
 3. Low Property Tax Rate
 4. Personal Freedoms
 5. Schools are Open (93% participation)
 6. Businesses are Open and Commerce Flowing
 2. Creating a method to gauge candidates based on the values that are shown on the home page of this website. This will be done via the following methods
 1. Invest in Officials that demonstrate our Values.
 2. Invest in Incumbent Candidates that demonstrate our Values.
 3. Invest in identifying, building and supporting Candidates that demonstrate our Values.
 4. Support social club Publicity efforts to target new residents with a Values broad awareness campaign.
 5. Support social club Membership, Target specific demographics for Club memberships (e.g. Young Republicans,
 Hispanics, East Naples).


text: Misalignment is one of the key reasons for vibrations in most of the rotating system. The present study focuses on interactions among speed, load, and defect severity by investigating their effect on the system vibration. Response surface methodology (RSM) with root-mean-square (RMS) as a response factor is used to understand the influence of such interactions on the system performance. Experiments are planned using design of experiments, and analysis is carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is observed that speed has a remarkable effect on RMS value in both parallel and angular types of misalignment and affects the system performance. RSM results revealed that a change in load has less impact on vibration amplitude in case of horizontal and vertical directions, but there is a significant variation in RMS value in axial direction for both types of misalignment. A slight increase in the RMS value with an increase in defect severity is observed in the axial direction. These observations will help to understand the misalignment defect and its effect in a better way.


text:
An increasing series of new studies show that moderate amounts of alcohol, such as beer and wine, may actually prove beneficial to your health. This has caused many people to wonder why getting drunk is so bad and why restaurants are forced to cut people off from drinking any more in their establishment.
For those who have been injured by a drunken person in Texoma, the answer is clear. However, some people still question the dram shop law that requires bartenders to stop serving when a person appears or acts intoxicated.
The Dangers of Intoxicated People and How They Hurt Others
When used in excess, alcohol can have a serious impact on the person drinking and on those around him. Here are two of the most common ways people are hurt by drunks in Texoma.
- Car Accidents. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, a person is killed in an alcohol-related crash every 45 minutes in the United States. Many of these people drive from a restaurant where they were served alcohol in excess, putting themselves and others on the road around them in jeopardy.
- Bar Fights. When a person drinks too much, he often takes on a different personality. This can cause him to have a looser tongue or lose his sense of reasonable judgment. When this happens, a bar fight can break out, causing you or someone around you to be seriously hurt.
When someone overindulges in alcohol, the effects are not always limited to his body alone. All too often, those around them pay the toll. For this reason, bartenders and servers are required to stop people from drinking excessively and becoming intoxicated in public.
You Have Options If a Texoma Drunk Person Hurts You
If you were seriously hurt in a car accident or bar fight by someone who was served too much alcohol, you have rights! Find out where the person drank, and then contact a Texoma dram shop attorney to start your case against the bartender who over-served him alcohol. These cases are complex and require a great deal of research, but they can be proven and won, so you are not left to pay the price for the mistakes someone made while drunk.


text:
How paintballs are made
How Paintballs Are Made
Softgels are made on special, very expensive, softgel encapsulating machines. In 1933, Robert Scherer designed and patented the first such machine. Here's how a softgel encapsulation machine works:
- Hot liquid gelatin is formed into two thin but wide gelatin ribbons. Each gelatin ribbon passes over a rotating die. The dies are designed to form a capsule of a particular size and shape, such as a paintball. Softgels can be round like paintballs, oblong, or unusually-shaped.
- Each die with its gelatin ribbon presses against the other die as the dies rotate. Each die has half the gelatin shell. As the dies meet, the fill (whatever goes inside the softgel) is injected into the area between the two gelatin sheets. The dies continue to rotate, pressing the two warm gelatin ribbons against each other and forming a filled gelatin capsule. The seam on a paintball shows where the two gelatin sheets met.
- Finally, the now-sealed gelatin capsule drops away from the rotating dies. It is not, however, ready to use when it drops form the machine. For example, when it drops down, what will become a paintball is rubbery and larger than it will be when it is ready to shoot. These bouncy, not-quite-ready softgels are gently tumbled, and then dried in trays in a climate-controlled environment. The gelatin and fill shrink as they dry.
- At RPS, technicians constantly monitor the encapsulation machines as they run. Technicians will randomly check the encapsulations to see the product meets required specifications. Technicians also check the paintballs when they're dry. Any that are not up to RPS's specifications are removed and destroyed. When ready, the paintballs are packaged to move onward toward the end consumers.
- Paintballs are made from materials such as Gelatin derived from pork skins and beef bones/hides, Poly-Ethel Glycol (PEG), Glycerin, Sorbitol, water, free fatty acids, titanium dioxide, starches, surfactants, emulsifiers and FD+C colorants. A majority of these components are naturally occurring (although processed) such as Gelatin, water and Soybean. Other materials are derivatives of other natural components such as PEG, and starches. All are non-toxic and safe for use in paintball.


text:
Now you can use MeaningCloud's text analytics without leaving your Google spreadsheet
Do you need to categorize verbatims of your customer surveys or analyze sentiment about your products on Twitter in the fastest and easiest way?
In that case, forget about learning new tools or having to program to connect to text analytics APIs.
The new MeaningCloud add-on for Google Sheets enables you to do semantic analysis from the comfort of your spreadsheet, without the need for programming or advanced analytical knowledge.
If you can use a spreadsheet you can already do text analytics
Simply paste the texts to analyze in a column of your Google spreadsheet, use the menu options of our add-on and the result of the analysis will appear as additional columns within the sheet, so you can use them in calculations, filters, aggregations and visualizations like any other structured data, in a user experience fully integrated into Google Sheets.
(Would you rather use Microsoft Excel? No problem. MeaningCloud also has an add-in for this product.)
The add-on for Google Sheets currently provides access to the following MeaningCloud functions, all of which can be configured by the user:
- Topics Extraction: identifies appearances of named entities, abstract concepts, money amounts, and time and quantity expressions.
- Text Classification: categorizes the text thematically, assigning one or several categories from a predefined taxonomy.
- Sentiment Analysis: identifies the polarity both at the document level and at the aspect (entity or concept that appears in it) level.
- Language Identification: identifies the language in which the text is written, from a list of more than 160.
- Text Clustering: groups texts by similarity and discovers meaningful topics in a collection.
And, in addition, the add-on for Google Sheets is totally free.
This new integration adds to our add-in for Microsoft Excel, our extension for RapidMiner, our app for Zapier, and our plug-in for GATE to make MeaningCloud the easiest to integrate text analytics tool in the market.
Now you can analyze your texts from within your spreadsheet with MeaningCloud for Google Sheets!
And soon we will launch new integrations. Stay tuned to this channel.


text:
TAKS Revised Mathematics and Science Charts
Student Assessment Home | Contact Student Assessment | Printing PDFs
Use the revised Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) math and science charts. You can recognize these revised charts because they have the TAKS logo in the top left-hand corner.
In order to produce rulers that are consistent with the rulers printed on the state-supplied mathematics and science charts, follow these steps:
- Set the print menu to print the pages at 100% by selecting "None" under the Page Scaling option.
- Print on paper that is wider than 8 ½ inches, such as 11 by 17 inch paper.
- Trim the paper to 8 ½ by 11 inches so that the rulers will be on the edge of the paper.
The following links will open the revised TAKS math and science charts:
For additional information, contact:
Student Assessment Division
1701 North Congress Avenue, Room 3-122A
Austin, Texas 78701
Page last modified on 10/22/2012.


text:
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bastion
|←Bastinado||1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 3
|See also Bastion on Wikipedia, and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.|
Bastion (through the Fr. from the late Lat. bastire, to build), a work forming part of a line of fortifications. The general trace of a bastion is similar to an irregular pentagon formed by a triangle and a narrow rectangle, the base of the triangle coinciding with the long side of the rectangle. The two sides of the triangle form the "faces" of the bastion, which join at the "salient" angle, the short sides of the rectangle form the "flanks." Bastions were arranged so that the fire from the flanks of each protected not only the front of the curtain but also the faces of the adjacent bastions. A "tower bastion" is a casemated tower built in bastion form; a "demi-bastion" is a work formed by half a bastion (bisected through the salient angle) and by a parapet along the line of bisection; a "flat bastion" is a bastion built on a curtain and having a very obtuse salient angle.


text:
Center for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Cancer Imaging
The Institute of Medicine defines comparative effectiveness research as "…the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care." CER provides a means for acquiring evidence and implementing procedures for evaluating and managing the impact of new imaging technologies on clinical and public health practices.
The Center for CER in Cancer Imaging combines the resources of:
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, an established center of expertise in CER through The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Norris Cotton Cancer Center
- American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) and its Statistical Center at Brown University, which conducts clinical studies of advanced imaging technologies for cancer detection, staging, and treatment
- Tufts Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC), which has expertise in systematic review for diagnostic technologies
- National Oncologic PET Registry (NOPR)
The Center for CER in Cancer Imaging advances research and new approaches for studying the impact of advanced imaging in cancer on health and health care utilization, with attention to the consequences of significant incidental diagnostic findings on patient care.
Current projects are based on the National Lung Screening Trial, a major NCI-sponsored study, and the National Oncologic PET Registry, sponsored by the American College of Radiology and the Academy of Molecular Imaging.


reverse link) and can be identify with a relation but can not be used by users with their user-agents to access to the hypertext reference (href attribute in HTML) because they can not be activated (except on Opera with the navigation toolbar). - an anchor only refers to something. It is only a reference to another resource even if it can be activated (with a click or with your keyboard) because user-agents defines this behavior.
And I think it help us to understand differences between an anchor and a button: - use a button when you call to action (as Michael said with "Update, Submit, Delete, Purchase" but also "read more", "download", etc.) - use a anchor when you just refers to another resource with an anchor text identifying the resource. If you require your user to read it, that means it is a "call-to-action" and not just a reference, so implement it with a button.
share|improve this answer
My experience show that often links are recognized easier as clickable and therefore clicked better taht for us sometimes leads to decisions to use links instead of buttons. But I agree that that shouldn't be done deep inside a process where the user is triggering an action. I also would like to add that the verb/noun differentiation can be difficult in other languages than english.
share|improve this answer
Whilst it is true that buttons and links are used interchangeably on the modern web, there is one fundamental browser feature that sets them apart:
Users can open a link in a new window or tab. A or cannot.
(As an example, try right-clicking on the "add comment" link and the (Add Comment) button below - only the first allows "Open Link In New Tab".)
Although links can be styled to look like buttons, users will generally only expect the open-in-tab functionality to work on things that look like links.
share|improve this answer
This isn't all that true anymore given that both buttons and links can be set up to do anything you want client-side. – DA01 Feb 23 '14 at 22:53
_USER_ I had not made it clear that I was talking about elements, which do not have this functionality. I have now updated the answer! – joeytwiddle Feb 24 '14 at 9:01
yes, that is a good point. I'd maybe be a bit clearly and state that a 'link can be opened by the user in a new window or tab' whereas a button element can not (the code would have to open the new browser for you). – DA01 Feb 24 '14 at 16:09
_USER_ Thanks, that was the missing bit. Done. – joeytwiddle Feb 25 '14 at 3:39
Your Answer


text: ||A point set is extremal if and only if the points lie on the boundary of a rectilinear convex hull of the point set [l0]. For an extremal point set of size n, the problem of constructing an optimal rectilinear Steiner tree was first shown to be solvable in ο(n[to the power of 6]) time by Provan. Later, Bern, and Erickson developed a faster algorithm that runs in ο(n[to the power of 5]) time. Richards and Salowe [l0] developed an improved algorithm and solves the problem in ο(k[to the power of 4]n), where k is the number of sides of the rectilinear convex hull. Cheng et al. observed a common substructure which often appears in an optimal Steiner tree and developed a dynamic programming algorithm that runs in ο(n[to the power of 3]). In the worst-case scenario, an extremal point set can have θ(n) boundary edges. So the algorithm in has a better asymptotic time complexity than the algorithm given by Richards and Salowe. In this thesis, we make use of some of the results in and [l0] and redesign a dynamic programming algorithm that runs in ο(k2n) time. Thus our algorithm has the best asymptotic time complexity known for the problem.


Follow
How to avoid re-installing packages in each run
If your code depends on a library that takes a long time to install, you can mitigate the wait time by caching the installation via a custom environment. A full guide to environment management is available here, but since this is a common question a dedicated tutorial is provided below.
To quickly create an environment that caches your installation:
 1. From the project settings page, locate the section that says "Compute Environments" and click the "Manage Environments" button. If you cannot see this button, please reach out to _EMAIL_ to request access.
 2. Create a new environment and add the following to the Dockerfile section:
 FROM <base image>
 # To install a Python library:
 USER root
 RUN pip install <Python library>
 # To install an R package:
 RUN R -e 'install.packages("<R library>");'
 # You can also install system dependencies with bash commands:
 USER root
 RUN apt-get install -y <system library>
 Substitute in the appropriate base image, libraries, and any other installation commands you need to run. If you are using the public cloud deployment of Domino, you can use _URL_:2016-12-07_1239 for the base image (which is the most up-to-date version at the time of this writing).
 3. After saving your environment, go back to your project settings page and select it from the "Compute Environments" dropdown. Start a run to verify that the installation works.
Notes:
 - Code in the Dockerfile section will execute once per machine and then will be cached for subsequent runs on that machine.
 - For the public cloud as well as VPC deployments of Domino, machine assignment is random and the cluster scales dynamically. So you will occasionally observe the installation running instead of using the cache. This becomes less likely the more runs you perform and machines you cumulatively use.
 - Switching to a hardware tier you've never used with this environment will send your run to a new machine, so the installation will need to re-run.
 - The FROM statement specifies the name of the base image upon which your environment is built. If you already have a custom environment with a Dockerfile definition, you can just append the new RUN statement(s) to the end of this environment.
Was this article helpful?
0 out of 0 found this helpful


Create a task specification file
Contributors
You can create the task specification files by using graphical user interface (GUI), command-line interface (CLI), or a text editor. These files are used for performing preprocessing or post-processing activity of the backup, restore, or clone operations.
Steps
 1. Create a task specification file by using GUI, CLI, or a text editor.
 Example
 You can create the specification file based on the structure of the following sample task specification file:
 <task-specification>
 <pre-tasks>
 <task>
 <name>name</name>
 <parameter>
 <name>name</name>
 <value>value</value>
 </parameter>
 </task>
 </pre-tasks>
 <post-tasks>
 <task>
 <name>name</name>
 <parameter>
 <name>name</name>
 <value>value</value>
 </parameter>
 </task>
 </post-tasks>
 </task-specification>
 2. Enter the script name.
 3. Enter the parameter name and the value assigned to the parameter.
 4. Save the XML file in the correct installation directory.
Task specification example
 <task-specification>
 <pre-tasks>
 <task>
 <name>clone cleanup</name>
 <description>pre tasks for cleaning up the target system</description>
 </task>
 </pre-tasks>
 <post-tasks>
 <task>
 <name>SystemCopy follow-up activities</name>
 <description>SystemCopy follow-up activities</description>
 <parameter>
 <name>SCHEMAOWNER</name>
 <value>SAMSR3</value>
 </parameter>
 </task>
 <task>
 <name>Oracle Users for OS based DB authentication</name>
 <description>Oracle Users for OS based DB authentication</description>
 <parameter>
 <name>SCHEMAOWNER</name>
 <value>SAMSR3</value>
 </parameter>
 <parameter>
 <name>ORADBUSR_FILE</name>
 <value\>E:\\mnt\\sam\\oradbusr.sql</value\>
 </parameter>
 </task>
 </post-tasks>
 </task-specification>


text:
|Other Counties||New Castle, Worcester|
|Family History Notes||Anne Hunt, born say 1694, was the servant of Mr. Robert Nearn/ Nairn, merchant of Coventry Parish, on 2 June 1713 when she admitted in Somerset County court that she had a child by a "Negroe." The court ordered that she receive thirty lashes and that her master give security to return her to court to be sold for seven years at the completion of her indenture. Her master Robert Nearn purchased her unnamed son for thirty one years [Judicial Record 1711-13, 283-4]. Ann was apparently the mother of 2 i. William Cambridge, born about 1713. 2. William1 Cambridge Hunt, born about 1713, was called William Cambridge when he was taxable in the Pocomoke Hundred, Somerset County household of Robert Nairn in 1727 and 1728: called Will and taxable in James Nairn's Pocomoke household from 1730 to 1743: called William Cambridge in 1730 and 1743, called either "Will" or "Cambridge" in the intervening years [List of Taxables]. He was called William Hunt Cambridge when he was granted a patent of 50 acres in Worcester County called "William's Choice" in 1752 which he expanded to 128 acres in 1754 (called William Cambridge Stuart). He was called "William Cambridge a Molatto" in 1783 when he was taxable in Acquango Hundred, Worcester County, on 128 acres, called "William's Choice enlarged" [MSA S1437, p.2]. He called himself William Cambridge Hunt (making his mark) in his 11 March 1784 Worcester County will, proved 5 January 1787, by which he left his plantation to his wife Esther during her widowhood and then to son Levin, or to son George if Levin died before attaining the age of twenty-one. He also left his daughter Leah a feather bed, furniture and a place and materials to build a house and divided some of his possessions among "all my children" [WB JW 13:109-11]. His widow Esther sold and released "William's Choice" for 30 pounds on 9 March 1798 [DB S:286-7]. Their children were i. Leah, born say 1763. ii. Levin, born say 1765, called himself a "free Mollater" on 25 March 1794 when he and George Cambridge gave bond of 30 pounds to support the illegitimate child Peggy who he had by Mary Blake in Worcester County in November 1790 [DB P:301]. He called himself "Levin Cambridge (alias Hunt)" on 24 April 1795 when he sold (signing) the 128 acres of land he received by his father's will to Charles Godfrey for about 11 pounds and then repurchased the land from Godfrey for the same price on 25 December the same year. He mortgaged the property to James Bowdoin Robins on 4 November 1796 for 50 pounds and then completed the sale to Samuel Handy, Sr., on 6 April 1798 [DB Q:172-3; R:56, 374; S:284]. iii. George, born say 1767, head of a Bracken County, Kentucky household of 3 "free colored" in 1830, in the same county as William Cambridge, born before 1776, who was head of a household of 4 "free colored." iv. ?Charles, "Negro" taxable in Little Creek Hundred, Kent County in 1789, in Mispillion Hundred in 1797, and head of a Mispillion Hundred household of 4 "other free" in 1800 [DE:76]. He died before 6 May 1806 when his widow Mary gave up her right to administer his estate. The estate was valued at $201 [DSA, RG 3545, Reel 31, frames 521-4]. v. ?Isaac, head of a New Castle County, Delaware household of 5 "other free" in 1810 [DE:301]. vi. ?William2, died about 1806 when the inventory of his estate was recorded in Kent County, Delaware [Inventories 1806-12].|
If you are citing this record, please use the following format:
[Author (if known)], Free Black Families of Colonial Delmarva (abstracted by Paul Heinegg),
[Date (if known)], Enduring Connections: Exploring Delmarva's Black History, Nabb Research Center, Salisbury University.


start for your materials? Were some materials faster or slower by a small or large margin?
 4. Were your results what you expected or were you surprised? If so, how?
 5. For more advanced analysis, make vector diagrams showing the direction and relative magnitude of the friction forces that illustrate the results for each of your test materials.
Share your story with Science Buddies!
 - Pick one of the fastest materials from your initial experiment to try these variations.
 - Size of contact surface area: sitting vs. lying down; legs straight ahead or tucked onto the mats; taller person vs. shorter person of similar weight.
 - Weight of slider: compare two people of very different weights.
 - Temperature: try your experiment on a hot day and then repeat it on a cold day.
 - Moisture: dry, sunny day versus a foggy day or just after a rain.
 - If you use a concrete slide, try it with and without loose sand on the surface of the slide.
 - If you have multiple slides, made from different materials (e.g., plastic, metal, concrete), you can extend your experiment to include the different slides.
 - For a more quantitative experiment on friction, see the Science Buddies project Effect of Friction on Objects in Motion.
Share your story with Science Buddies!
Ask an Expert
Ask an Expert
Related Links
NASA material scientist
Materials Scientist and Engineer
Mechanical engineer building prototype
Mechanical Engineer
female mechanical engineering technician
Mechanical Engineering Technician
News Feed on This Topic
,,
Looking for more science fun?
Find an Activity


text:
If sugar quotas were eliminated, and American consumers and business had been able to purchase 100% their sugar in 2009 at the world price in 2009 (average of 22.1 cents per pound) instead of the average U.S. price of 38.1 cents, they would have saved almost $2.5 billion. In other words, forcing Americans to pay 38.1 cents for inefficiently produced beet sugar instead of 22.1 cents for efficiently produced cane sugar, costs Americans an additional 16 cents per pound for the 15.4 billion pounds of American sugar produced annually, which translates to almost $2.5 billion. (Note: This is an estimate based on the assumptions that: a) the amount of sugar consumed in the U.S. and b) world prices, wouldn't change.)
Bottom Line: The cost of most trade protection is largely invisible and hard to calculate, but the cost of sugar protection is directly visible and measurable, since the USDA and the futures markets regularly report prices for both high-cost domestic sugar and low-cost world sugar. Like all protection, sugar tariffs exist to protect an inefficient domestic industry (sugar beet farmers) from more efficient foreign producers (cane sugar farmers), and come at the expense of the U.S. consumers and the American companies using sugar as an input, and make our country worse off, on net.


Detecting Earth Tremors To Protect Elephants
Thanks to the use of seismographs, small earthquakes caused by stampeding animals fleeing poachers could reveal that they're under attack.
Detecting Earth Tremors To Protect Elephants
Last update: 01 April, 2021
Protecting elephants is one of the priorities in the defense of African wildlife: these giant animals are rapidly disappearing because of ivory poaching and trafficking. Scientists think detecting earth tremors to protect elephants could be a real help.
Why is the African elephant endangered?
The African elephant has been hunted for centuries, and it's vitally important to protect it. Ancient peoples used them as war machines and hunted them for their tusks, but it wasn't until the 19th century that hunting them became a massive industry.
The use of firearms and the development of hunting as a leisure activity turned the elephant into one of the most coveted animals for poachers. Europeans and Americans were willing to pay large sums for their tusks.
In 1989, elephant hunting and ivory trafficking were banned, after the destruction of hundreds of thousands of elephants had already wiped out half of its population.
Scientists at the time even predicted that the elephant would become extinct by 1995 were it not for this measure. However, poaching continues because ivory horns have become very valuable on the black market.
A poacher sets his sights.
Fortunately, both African and Western societies increasingly frown on elephant hunting. The countries where these animals live impose fines of up to $12,000; this is a huge figure for many poachers, and authorities also withdraw their hunting licenses.
Elephants are fascinating animals
Elephants are the largest land animal in the world; they weigh about six tons, although there are records of specimens weighing up to 10 tons. They're very intelligent animals with a rich emotional life; they understand the concept of death and they have their own animal culture.
In fact, the legend of elephant graveyards is quite real. Elephants wear down their teeth until they're about 50 years old; when they can no longer eat or drink and thus look for a place to die.
Later, when new generations and former relatives of these animals find the skeletons, the elephants perform ceremonies in which they touch the bones of their relatives for a long time.
Elephants and their understanding of tremors
But now scientists have found a new way to protect them: detecting earth tremors could help preserve African elephants. They generate small, detectable earth tremors when they walk.
Detecting earth tremors to protect elephants: an elephant flares its ears.
Several British universities have been studying the tremors that these animals produce when they walk. They believe that these are of vital importance for their communication, and could even help protect the elephants.
The researchers have discovered that the sounds and calls of elephant herds are transmitted through the ground, even faster than through the air.
The team of scientists only intended to measure how far these vibrations reach. However, they ended up finding out that it was relatively easy to discern between them. They learned that they could infer the different behaviors the elephants were engaging in, and how they were influenced by terrain or human activities.
How can we use this information to protect elephants?
The scientists also found that human activities interfere with this communication, but that it's possible to know when elephants are being chased.
One of the proposals of the study was to use seismic detectors to help the elephants. The researchers suggested using seismographs to monitor elephants in order to detect when they're under attack. Seismographs can detect their movement from miles away without disturbing them.
For example, these detectors could analyze stampedes, which would be especially useful for interfering with poachers' attacks on these impressive animals.
It might interest you...
5 Species in Critical Danger of Extinction
My AnimalsRead it in My Animals
5 Species in Critical Danger of Extinction
Many animals are in danger of extinction, as their populations have decreased by 80-90% and less than 250 adult specimens remain.


text:
Characteristics Between New Oil and Used Oil by Using Laser Light Intensity and Lux Meter
Tests on the characteristics of making new oil and used oil by using laser light intensity and lux meters have been done. The purpose of this study is to distinguish the characteristics of the light intensity between fresh oil and used oil. In this study used an alternative method to the light intensity Lux meter. To get the data is done by varying the distance from the laser to the sample as much as five times. Based on data obtained from testing the intensity of light on new oil and used oil can be concluded that the valu e of the light intensity at the new oil is greater than the used oil. New oil has a light intensity of I = (0.122591964) Cd and used oil has a light intensity of I = (0.017841741) Cd.
Copyright (c) 2019 Mala Desrinda Dwi Putri, Rifai Slamet, Frida Agung Rakhmadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


HDL Coder
OFDM Receiver with 512-Point Serial FFT
This example shows how to use HDL Coder™ to check, generate, and verify HDL code for a 512-point complex serial FFT block built using the MATLAB Function blocks and Simulink® blocks.
This model implements a simple OFDM transmitter and receiver. The OFDM receiver part contains a 512-point Radix-2 complex FFT to convert signal back to the frequency domain. There are two FFT implementations in this model:
 - The Behavioral FFT block is the complex FFT block in DSP System Toolbox™ library. It calculates a 512-point vector input each sample and works at a sample rate of 512.
 - The FFT_512Pt_EML_Serial block implements a serialized, streaming I/O FFT block using the MATLAB Function blocks and Simulink blocks and is suitable for hardware. This implementation accepts streaming complex input data and generates streaming complex results continuously after the initial pipelining latency.
The results of the two FFT implementations are shown to be equal after matching the initial pipelining latency.
Additional Requirements:
 - Communications System Toolbox
 - DSP System Toolbox
% To open this model, run the following commands:
modelname = 'hdlcoder_ofdm_fft_eml';
Serial FFT Block Specification
 - Cooley-Tukey Radix-2 Serialized FFT
 - Complex input, complex output
 - Streaming input, streaming output
 - Decimation in time
 - 512 point
 - Bit width: 12 bits
 - Initial pipelining latency: 1298 clock cycles
 - Input ports:
 - enable -> enable signal indicates the first valid input data
 - data_in -> streaming input data
 - Output ports:
 - data_en -> enable signal indicates the first valid output data
 - data_out -> streaming output data
 - index_out -> index of output data
The serialize block generates the streaming input data for the FFT block. The original 512-point vector input is converted to one data point per sample by the Unbuffer block.
open_system([modelname '/serialize']);
In the deserialize block, the streaming output of the serial FFT block is converted back to a 512-element vector at the sample rate of 512 by the Buffer block.
open_system([modelname '/deserialize']);
Bit Reversal
This FFT block implements the Decimation-in-Time FFT algorithm which requires bit reverse-ordered input data. So the natural-ordered input data will pass through the stage Start_BitReverse in the beginning.
open_system([modelname '/FFT_512Pt_EML_Serial/Serialized_FFT']);
Serial FFT Stages
The serial FFT block is composed of log2(512)= 9 stages of radix-2 butterfly units. These FFT stages are pipelined and connected in tandem.
open_system([modelname '/FFT_512Pt_EML_Serial/Serialized_FFT/FFT_Stages']);
The following picture shows a typical 8-point FFT with 3 (log2(8)) stages. Each stage uses 4 (8/2) butterfly units. A serial FFT implemented in this model uses only one butterfly resource for each stage of implementation.
FFT Stage
Each radix-2 FFT stage includes one radix-2 butterfly computing unit, memory blocks to cache the streaming data, a ROM to store the FFT twiddle factors, and control logic implemented in MATLAB Function blocks. The memory size of each stage equals the Stage Number.
open_system([modelname '/FFT_512Pt_EML_Serial/Serialized_FFT/FFT_Stages/FFT_Stage5']);
The radix-2 FFT butterfly algorithm is implemented in MATLAB file hdlcoder_serial_fft_butterfly.m on the MATLAB® path. All the Butterfly_FFT2_Computing_Unit blocks call this function.
The Butterfly_FFT2_Computing_Unit block uses a right shift to scale down the result data after every FFT stage to avoid overflow. In this model the Scale variable is set to 1 to turn off the scaling.
function [fft2_x, fft2_y] = fcn(fft2_u, fft2_v, fft2_twiddle)
% FFT2 Computing Unit
% Scale down number for this stage. Need to be power of 2.
Scale = 1;
% Call function in MATLAB file hdlcoder_serial_fft_butterfly_scale.m on path
[x, y] = hdlcoder_serial_fft_butterfly(fft2_u, fft2_v, fft2_twiddle);
% scaling down by 2 for each FFT2 stage.
fft2_x = bitsra(x, log2(Scale));
fft2_y = bitsra(y, log2(Scale));
function [x, y] = hdlcoder_serial_fft_butterfly(u, v, twiddle)
% FFT2 butterfly block
% This function is used in hdlcoder_ofdm_fft_eml example model.
nt = numerictype(u);
fm = fimath(u);
% multiply twiddle and butterfly.
twv = fi(v * twiddle, nt, fm);
x = fi(u + twv, nt, fm);
y = fi(u - twv, nt, fm);
Check, Generate and Verify HDL
checkhdl( [modelname '/FFT_512Pt_EML_Serial']);
makehdl( [modelname '/FFT_512Pt_EML_Serial']);
makehdltb([modelname '/FFT_512Pt_EML_Serial']);
This concludes the OFDM Receiver with 512-Point Serial FFT example.


text:
This section discusses internal locking; that is, locking
performed within the MySQL server itself to manage contention
for table contents by multiple sessions. This type of locking is
internal because it is performed entirely by the server and
involves no other programs. External locking occurs when the
server and other programs lock
MyISAM table files to coordinate
among themselves which program can access the tables at which
time. See Section 8.7.4, "External Locking".
MySQL uses row-level
InnoDB tables to support
simultaneous write access by multiple sessions, making them
suitable for multi-user, highly concurrent, and OLTP
applications. MySQL uses
table-level locking for
MERGE tables, allowing only one session to
update those tables at a time, making them more suitable for
read-only, read-mostly, or single-user applications.
Table locking in MySQL is deadlock-free for storage engines that use table-level locking. Deadlock avoidance is managed by always requesting all needed locks at once at the beginning of a query and always locking the tables in the same order.
MySQL grants table write locks as follows:
If there are no locks on the table, put a write lock on it.
Otherwise, put the lock request in the write lock queue.
MySQL grants table read locks as follows:
If there are no write locks on the table, put a read lock on it.
Otherwise, put the lock request in the read lock queue.
Table updates are given higher priority than table retrievals.
Therefore, when a lock is released, the lock is made available
to the requests in the write lock queue and then to the requests
in the read lock queue. This ensures that updates to a table are
not "starved" even if there is heavy
SELECT activity for the table.
However, if you have many updates for a table,
SELECT statements wait until
there are no more updates.
For information on altering the priority of reads and writes, see Section 8.7.2, "Table Locking Issues".
You can analyze the table lock contention on your system by
variables, which indicate the number of times that requests for
table locks could be granted immediately and the number that had
to wait, respectively:
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Table%';+-----------------------+---------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+---------+ | Table_locks_immediate | _PHONE_ | | Table_locks_waited | 15324 | +-----------------------+---------+
MyISAM storage engine supports concurrent
inserts to reduce contention between readers and writers for a
given table: If a
MyISAM table has no free
blocks in the middle of the data file, rows are always inserted
at the end of the data file. In this case, you can freely mix
SELECT statements for a
MyISAM table without locks. That is, you can
insert rows into a
MyISAM table at the same
time other clients are reading from it. Holes can result from
rows having been deleted from or updated in the middle of the
table. If there are holes, concurrent inserts are disabled but
are enabled again automatically when all holes have been filled
with new data. This behavior is altered by the
variable. See Section 8.7.3, "Concurrent Inserts".
If you acquire a table lock explicitly with
LOCK TABLES, you can request a
READ LOCAL lock rather than a
READ lock to enable other sessions to perform
concurrent inserts while you have the table locked.
To perform many
SELECT operations on a table
real_table when concurrent inserts are not
possible, you can insert rows into a temporary table
temp_table and update the real table with the
rows from the temporary table periodically. This can be done
with the following code:
LOCK TABLES real_table WRITE, temp_table WRITE;mysql>
INSERT INTO real_table SELECT * FROM temp_table;mysql>
DELETE FROM temp_table;mysql>
InnoDB uses row locks. Deadlocks are possible
InnoDB because it automatically acquires
locks during the processing of SQL statements, not at the start
of the transaction.
Advantages of row-level locking:
Fewer lock conflicts when different sessions access different rows
Fewer changes for rollbacks
Possible to lock a single row for a long time
Disadvantages of row-level locking:
Requires more memory than table-level locks
Slower than table-level locks when used on a large part of the table because you must acquire many more locks
Slower than other locks if you often do
BY operations on a large part of the data or if
you must scan the entire table frequently
Generally, table locks are superior to row-level locks in the following cases:
Most statements for the table are reads
Statements for the table are a mix of reads and writes, where writes are updates or deletes for a single row that can be fetched with one key read:
key_value; DELETE FROM
Many scans or
GROUP BY operations on the
entire table without any writers
With higher-level locks, you can more easily tune applications by supporting locks of different types, because the lock overhead is less than for row-level locks.
Options other than row-level locking:
Versioning (such as that used in MySQL for concurrent inserts) where it is possible to have one writer at the same time as many readers. This means that the database or table supports different views for the data depending on when access begins. Other common terms for this are "time travel," "copy on write," or "copy on demand."
Copy on demand is in many cases superior to row-level locking. However, in the worst case, it can use much more memory than using normal locks.
Instead of using row-level locks, you can employ
application-level locks, such as those provided by
RELEASE_LOCK() in MySQL.
These are advisory locks, so they work only with
applications that cooperate with each other. See
Section 12.15, "Miscellaneous Functions".


text:
The big male nose
Source - _URL_
Male noses grow disproportionately larger than female noses beginning at puberty, a University of Iowa study has found. The reason: males need to breathe in more oxygen to feed muscle mass than females. - College of Dentistry, University of Iowa
Human noses come in all shapes and sizes. But one feature seems to hold true: Men's noses are bigger than women's.
A new study from the University of Iowa concludes that men's noses are about 10 percent larger than female noses, on average, in populations of European descent. The size difference, the researchers believe, comes from the sexes' different builds and energy demands: Males in general have more lean muscle mass, which requires more oxygen for muscle tissue growth and maintenance. Larger noses mean more oxygen can be breathed in and transported in the blood to supply the muscle.
The researchers also note that males and females begin to show differences in nose size at around age 11, generally, when puberty starts. Physiologically speaking, males begin to grow more lean muscle mass from that time, while females grow more fat mass. Prior research has shown that, during puberty, approximately 95 percent of body weight gain in males comes from fat-free mass, compared to 85 percent in females.
"This relationship has been discussed in the literature, but this is the first study to examine how the size of the nose relates to body size in males and females in a longitudinal study," says Nathan Holton, assistant professor in the UI College of Dentistry and lead author of the paper, published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. "We have shown that as body size increases in males and females during growth, males exhibit a disproportionate increase in nasal size. This follows the same pattern as energetic variables such as oxygenate consumption, basal metabolic rate and daily energy requirements during growth."
It also explains why our noses are smaller than those of our ancestors, such as the Neanderthals. The reason, the researchers believe, is because our distant lineages had more muscle mass, and so needed larger noses to maintain that muscle. Modern humans have less lean muscle mass, meaning we can get away with smaller noses.
"So, in humans, the nose can become small, because our bodies have smaller oxygen requirements than we see in archaic humans," Holton says, noting also that the rib cages and lungs are smaller in modern humans, reinforcing the idea that we don't need as much oxygen to feed our frames as our ancestors. "This all tells us physiologically how modern humans have changed from their ancestors."
Holton and his team tracked nose size and growth of 38 individuals of European descent enrolled in the Iowa Facial Growth Study from three years of age until the mid-twenties, taking external and internal measurements at regular intervals for each individual. The researchers found that boys and girls have the same nose size, generally speaking, from birth until puberty percolated, around age 11. From that point onward, the size difference grew more pronounced, the measurements showed.
"Even if the body size is the same," Holton says, "males have larger noses, because more of the body is made up of that expensive tissue. And, it's at puberty that these differences really take off."
Holton says the findings should hold true for other populations, as differences in male and female physiology cut across cultures and races, although further studies would need to confirm that.
Prior research appears to support Holton's findings. In a 1999 study published in the European Journal of Nutrition, researchers documented that males' energy needs doubles that of females post-puberty, "indicating a disproportional increase in energy expenditure in males during this developmental period," Holton and his colleagues write.
Another interesting aspect of the research is what it all means for how we think of the nose. It's not just a centrally located adornment on our face; it's more a valuable extension of our lungs.
"So, in that sense, we can think of it as being independent of the skull, and more closely tied with non-cranial aspects of anatomy," Holton says.
Thomas Southard, professor and chair of orthodontics in the UI College of Dentistry, is a contributing author on the paper. Other authors are Todd Yokley, from Metropolitan State University in Denver, and Andrew Froehle, from Wright State University, in Dayton, Ohio. The Department of Orthodontics in the UI College of Dentistry funded the research.
Note: This story has been adapted from a news release issued by the University of Iowa


Definitions for pair production
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word pair production
Princeton's WordNet
 1. pair production, pair creation, pair formation(noun)
 the transformation of a gamma-ray photon into an electron and a positron when the photon passes close to an atomic nucleus
GCIDE
 1. Pair production
 The simultaneous creation of a particle and its antiparticle, such as an electron and positron, from a photon; -- usually due to its interaction with the strong field near a nucleus.
Freebase
 1. Pair production
 Pair production refers to the creation of an elementary particle and its antiparticle, usually when a photon interacts with a nucleus. For example an electron and its antiparticle, the positron, may be created. This is allowed, provided there is enough energy available to create the pair – at least the total rest mass energy of the two particles – and that the situation allows both energy and momentum to be conserved. Other pairs produced could be a muon and anti-muon or a tau and anti-tau. However all other conserved quantum numbers of the produced particles must sum to zero – thus the created particles shall have opposite values of each other. For instance, if one particle has electric charge of +1 the other must have electric charge of −1, or if one particle has strangeness of +1 then another one must have strangeness of −1. The probability of pair production in photon-matter interactions increases with increasing photon energy and also increases with atomic number approximately as Z².
Numerology
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of pair production in Chaldean Numerology is: 5
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of pair production in Pythagorean Numerology is: 8
Images & Illustrations of pair production
Translations for pair production
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
 - Paarerzeugung, PaarbildungGerman
Get even more translations for pair production »
Translation
Find a translation for the pair production definition in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss these pair production definitions with the community:
Word of the Day
Would you like us to send you a FREE new word definition delivered to your inbox daily?
Please enter your email address:
Citation
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
Style:MLAChicagoAPA
"pair production." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2016. Web. 1 Jul 2016. <_URL_ production>.
Are we missing a good definition for pair production? Don't keep it to yourself...
Nearby & related entries:
Alternative searches for pair production:
Thanks for your vote! We truly appreciate your support.


What does monel metal mean?
Definitions for monel metal
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word monel metal.
Princeton's WordNet
 1. Monel metal, Monell metal(noun)
 an alloy of nickel and copper and other metals (such as iron and/or manganese and/or aluminum)
Numerology
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of monel metal in Chaldean Numerology is: 5
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of monel metal in Pythagorean Numerology is: 2
Images & Illustrations of monel metal
Translation
Find a translation for the monel metal definition in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss these monel metal definitions with the community:
Word of the Day
Would you like us to send you a FREE new word definition delivered to your inbox daily?
Please enter your email address:
Citation
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
Style:MLAChicagoAPA
"monel metal." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2017. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. <_URL_ metal>.
Are we missing a good definition for monel metal? Don't keep it to yourself...
Nearby & related entries:
Alternative searches for monel metal:
Thanks for your vote! We truly appreciate your support.


Birds on a Cold Night: How do our feathered friends fare when it's cold?
During December, birds spend the long, cold nights in a protected place, sheltered from rain and safe from nighttime predators. Small forest birds, such as nuthatches and creepers, may spend the night huddled together in tree cavities. Birds like this male Mallard fluff up their feathers for insulation, hunker down over their legs and feet, and turn their heads around to poke their beaks under their shoulder feathers.