What is leasehold ownership of a property
Owning a leasehold property means you only own the property itself and not the rest of the building around it or the land it sits on. The building and the land are owned by the landlord. Leases are also usually only for a limited amount of time, for example 99 years, and you will likely have restrictions on what you can do with your property during that time.


text:
Bulgarian Chitalishte (Community Cultural Centre): practical experience in safeguarding the vitality of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
Selected in 2017 on the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices
Bulgarian chitalishta (cultural community centres) are uniformly distributed across the whole territory of Bulgaria. They are established by communities themselves and are open to everyone irrespective of age, gender, political and religious views. The first chitalishta were established in 1856, and they have been recognized as a key organizational unit of Bulgarian society ever since. In accordance with the Chitalishta Act of 1996, chitalishta are non-governmental self-regulatory organizations. By law, they perform cultural and educational activities aimed at safeguarding the customs and traditions of Bulgarian people, ensuring access to information, distributing knowledge and familiarizing citizens with the values and achievements of science, arts and culture. Chitalishta are central to the process of transmitting intangible cultural heritage in the country, with elderly members playing a key role in encouraging young people to get involved. The efficiency of chitalishte is demonstrated by their increasing numbers over the years and the growing numbers of participants in their activities, representing all ages and population groups. With a view to popularizing and presenting intangible cultural heritage, chitalishta organize festivals, celebrations, gatherings, exhibitions and so on, and one innovative approach for developing chitalishta is the establishment of local centres for documenting, archiving and handing over knowledge and skills.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Jasmine is a shy 14-year-old whose childlike appearance belies her role as primary caregiver for her three younger siblings. As a chronic truant, she is also part of California's billion dollar problem.
With an absent father and a mother who cannot afford to take a day off work to care for a sick child, Jasmine is one of countless California students whose truancy isn't fueled by teenage rebellion but by family hardship.
Other students stay home because they feel unsafe on campus. Still more have unreliable transportation, or have fallen so far behind in class that catching up seems hopeless.
Because truancy is a complex social issue rather than a crime, California has long banned the use of incarceration as punishment for skipping school.
Instead, it has employed interventions such as mediation programs for families, tutoring, mentoring, school safety support, alternative transportation and remedial services. It is a strategy supported by years of research showing that incarceration is counterproductive and that positive outcomes are achieved through meeting families' specific needs.
But some California counties are using a legal loophole to lock up truant youth -- sometimes in solitary confinement.
Senate Bill 1296, also known as the Decriminalization of Truancy Act, would close the loophole, forcing all counties to comply with California's prohibition on locking up youth who have not committed crimes.
The legislation, proposed by state Sen. Mark Leno, will be heard in the Senate Public Safety Committee April 8.
Courts have locked up thousands of California young people, despite the intent of lawmakers, by charging them with contempt or for violating a court order to attend school, a practice that has already been banned in at least 14 states.
Because it is illegal to house truant youth with youth charged with crimes, they are often kept in a separate wing of juvenile hall, alone, in what amounts to solitary confinement.
Unlike youth accused of crimes, they do not receive rehabilitative services. Staffing costs for opening a unit for this small population is estimated at $686 to $833 a day.
SB 1296 complements a broad package of legislation recently announced by Attorney General Kamala Harris to better collect student attendance data in elementary school and intervene while children are young, rather than waiting for truant teens to become ensnared in the criminal justice system.
SB 1296 would not take away the authority of the truancy court. Youths will still be held accountable through any number of available sanctions such as community service, fines and suspension of driver's licenses -- punishments far more suitable and effective for noncriminal offenses with no threat to public safety.
Truancy is a problem that won't be solved by criminalizing youth who are not a threat to public safety. It is time to dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline and focus instead on helping families become successful.
Jeff Adachi is the San Francisco Public Defender. Roger Chan is the executive director of the East Bay Children's Law Offices.


5.20213.824
wijmo.chart.annotation Class Line Wijmo API Class
Line Class
Represents a line annotation for AnnotationLayer.
Heirarchy
Constructors
constructor
 - new Line(options?: any): Line
 - Initializes a new instance of the Line annotation class.
 Parameters
 - Optional options: any
 JavaScript object containing initialization data for the object.
 Returns Line
Properties
attachment
Gets or sets the attachment of the annotation.
content
content: string
Gets or sets the text of the annotation.
end
Gets or sets the end point of the Line annotation.
isVisible
isVisible: boolean
Gets or sets the visibility of the annotation.
name
name: string
Gets or sets the name of the annotation.
offset
offset: Point
Gets or sets the offset of the annotation from the point.
point
point: DataPoint
Gets or sets the point of the annotation. The coordinates of points depends on the attachment property. See AnnotationAttachment for further description.
pointIndex
pointIndex: number
Gets or sets the data point index of the annotation. Applies only when the attachment property is set to DataIndex.
position
Gets or sets the position of the annotation. The position is relative to the point.
seriesIndex
seriesIndex: number
Gets or sets the data series index of the annotation. Applies only when the attachment property is set to DataIndex.
start
start: DataPoint
Gets or sets the start point of the Line annotation.
style
style: any
Gets or sets the style of the annotation.
tooltip
tooltip: string
Gets or sets the tooltip of the annotation.
Methods
destroy
 - destroy(): void
render


text:
Child Custody Laws in Thailand. Child custody matters are among the most sensitive and significant legal issues that families may face. In Thailand, child custody laws are designed to prioritize the best interests of the child while considering the rights and responsibilities of parents. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of child custody laws in Thailand, shedding light on the legal framework, factors considered, and steps involved in child custody cases.
I. Legal Framework for Child Custody in Thailand
Thailand's legal framework for child custody is primarily outlined in the Thai Civil and Commercial Code, specifically in Sections 1515 to 1537. These laws establish the principles and guidelines that govern child custody decisions.
II. Types of Child Custody Arrangements
A. Sole Custody
Sole custody grants one parent exclusive rights and responsibilities for the child's upbringing. The non-custodial parent may still have visitation rights, but major decisions regarding the child's education, healthcare, and general welfare are entrusted to the custodial parent.
B. Joint Custody
Joint custody allows both parents to share the rights and responsibilities of raising the child. This arrangement requires open communication and cooperation between parents to ensure the child's well-being.
III. Factors Considered in Child Custody Decisions
A. Best Interests of the Child
Thai courts prioritize the best interests of the child above all else. Factors such as the child's age, physical and emotional well-being, and relationship with each parent are carefully evaluated.
B. Parental Fitness
The court assesses the physical, mental, and emotional fitness of each parent to determine their capacity to provide a stable and nurturing environment for the child.
C. Child's Preference
If the child is of a suitable age and maturity, their preference may be taken into consideration, although it is not the sole determining factor.
D. Parental Roles and Involvement
The court evaluates each parent's history of involvement in the child's life, including responsibilities related to education, healthcare, and extracurricular activities.
IV. Custody Disputes and Legal Procedures
In cases of custody disputes, mediation is often the first step. A trained mediator facilitates discussions between parents, aiming to reach an amicable resolution that serves the child's best interests.
B. Court Proceedings
If mediation is unsuccessful, the matter may proceed to court. Both parents present their cases, and the court makes a final determination based on the evidence presented.
V. Modifying Child Custody Arrangements
Child custody arrangements are not set in stone. If circumstances change significantly, such as a parent's relocation, remarriage, or a change in the child's needs, it is possible to petition the court for a modification of custody arrangements.
Navigating child custody laws in Thailand requires a deep understanding of the legal framework and a commitment to prioritizing the best interests of the child. With the right legal guidance and a focus on open communication, parents can work towards establishing a stable and nurturing environment that promotes the child's growth and well-being. By putting the child first, families can overcome challenges and lay the foundation for a brighter future.


How do I set up and use a TTY/TDD device with my Nokia phone?
In addition to your phone, you will need the following for TTY/TDD communication:
 - A TTY/TDD device that is cellular ready or cellular compatible.
 - A cable for connecting the TTY/TDD to your phone, usually supplied by the manufacturer of the TTY/TDD device.
Set up the TTY/TDD profile
You can connect your phone directly to the TTY/TDD device. In order for your phone to recognize the TTY/TDD, you will need to set up the TTY/TDD profile.
Important: Some manufacturers of TTY/TDD devices suggest that the phone be least 18 inches from the TTY/TDD device. When connecting to any other device, read its user guide or contact its manufacturer for detailed instructions and safety information.
 1. Connect one end of the cable to the TTY/TDD device.
 2. Insert the other end of the cable into the headset jack on the bottom of the phone.
 3. At the Start screen, select Menu > Settings > Enhancement settings > TTY/TDD > Use TTY > Yes and press Select.
 1. At the Start screen, enter the number and press the Send key.
 2. When the receiving party answers, begin typing your conversation on the TTY/TDD.
 3. Press the End key to end the call.
Receive a call
 1. Make sure the TTY/TDD device is connected to your phone.
 2. Press the Send key to answer the call, and type your responses on the TTY/TDD.
 3. Press the End key to end the call.
Make a call


Prato allo Stelvio/Prad am Stilfserjoch is situated at the entrance of the Stelvio National Park, the largest protected natural environment in Italy. Against the backdrop of the lush, green valley with its wheat fields and wide expanse of orchards and vegetable gardens, lie the majestic glaciers of the Ortler mountain range with the highest peaks in the region.
A number of castles and forts, Romanesque towns, churches, monasteries lie perched on the slopes and halfway up there are farmsteads and irrigation canals, bringing water to the fields down in the valley. The paths running alongside these canals have been converted to popular trails for leisurely walks.
This mountain valley situated on the border with Switzerland and Austria is a rich combination of history and lush nature with a landscape shaped by the harmonious coexistence between man and nature across the centuries. Near the alluvial Prader Sand, there are still traditional markets where typical products of the region may be found.


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Noun: plane table pleyn tey-bul
 1. Surveying instrument consisting of a drawing board and a ruler that are mounted on a tripod; used to sight and map topographical details
Derived forms: plane tables
Type of: surveying instrument, surveyor's instrument
Encyclopedia: Plane table


text:
clearly the most significant challenge facing HR departments in the UAE educational private educational institutions.
Building leadership capability is ranked as the second most significant challenge. Retaining key talent, driving cultural and behavioral change in the institution, increasing workforce productivity, workforce planning, and constrains on headcount were ranked three through seven respectively.
Figure 8 shows the rank order of HR challenges, as perceived by survey respondents. To do this, we asked two open-ended questions.
We asked participants to list five immediate priorities. We then coded the responses and aggregated that data to determine the total number of occurrences for each priority, and put these priorities in rank order.
Aggregate data reveal that the number one immediate priority for HR departments is building leadership capabilities. Driving cultural and behavioral change in the institutions ranked the second place.
Tied for third place are retaining key talent and workforce planning, and increasing workforce productivity is in fifth. Figure 9 illustrates the immediate priorities for HR departments. Data revel that the top five pieces of knowledge that HR professionals think is an understanding of business principles, with Broad HR knowledge is ranked second, with An understanding of employment law and political power are tied for third and fourth, cited by An understanding of the country political system is in the fifth place, with Figure 12 illustrates the distribution of training budgets across this group.
Our findings suggest that HR departments in 35 educational institutions who responded to our survey confirmed the results in the finding section. Institutions rely on HR to strategically groom talent that will help them achieve high performance. Extending beyond a traditional focus on HR administration yields measurable results, improve profits, and enable an organization to grow for a long term.
HR innovation means building on the tactical aspects of the discipline to align with business strategy and transcend the conventional concept of HR. Tasks such as applying benefits programs, salary administration, and development of employees will always carry central importance.
However, by working in a strategic context including the HR role in coaching, connecting, and empowering a new generation, HR can make a direct impact on the bottom line and drive high performance.
Based on the results and findings, the HR departments in the UAE educational institutions did not pass the first contribution of HR in organizations represented in the literature review. As proposed by Dave Ulrich, it is providing information management and basic transactions by processing of new hire documentation, payroll, and benefits enrollment. HR managers need to have some degree of formal authority in order to complete the HR practices and functions and play a strategic role in the educational institutions.
Every institution strives to increase its profits and cut costs.Mello that you will look. Competition thereby produces maximum economic value from the given resources, and uses minimum resources to supply a given demand. This requires that HR develop new ideas and adopt innovation to continuously increase the value of employee output while maintain or reducing the cost per unit.
English ISBN As the latest advanced technologies offer the potential to streamline many HR functions, businesses increasingly are utilizing information technology to design and deliver their HR practices Bell, Won Lee, Yeung, Porter Customers who viewed this item also viewed.
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text:
Automatic Darkening Welding Filter
Definition - What does Automatic Darkening Welding Filter mean?
An automatic darkening welding filter contains a shutter module that is operated electronically. This module contains ultraviolet (UV) and infra red (IR) filters. The UV and IR filters do not need electricity to operate. The liquid crystal light valve, though, is operated electrically.
Safeopedia explains Automatic Darkening Welding Filter
The liquid crystal (LC) light valve is operated electrically. When the voltage is applied, the crystals re-orient themselves, which are separated by two separate sheets of glass. When the bright light from the welding operation strikes the light valve, the control module darkens the LC valve shutter. The liquid crystal is not sensitive to light itself, and it does not change the shade independently. It depends on the control circuit to change the tint of it.


text: The disposal of ash in a thermal plant through the slurry pipe is subjected to some erosion wear due to the abrasive characteristics of the slurry. A simulation study of particle-liquid erosion of mild steel pipe wall based on CFD-FLUENT that considers the solid-liquid, solid-solid and solid-wall interaction is presented in this work. The multi-phase Euler-Lagrange model with standard k-epsilon turbulence modeling is adopted to predict the particulate erosion wear caused by the flow of bottom ash-water suspension. Erosion rate for different particle size and concentration is evaluated at variable flow rate. It is observed that the pressure drop and erosion rate share direct relationships with flow velocity, particle size and concentration. The flow velocity is found to be the most influencing parameter. A model capable of predicting the erosion wear at variable operating conditions is presented. The simulation findings show good agreement with the published findings.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
What References Are
References in PHP are a means to access the same variable content by different names. They are not like C pointers; for instance, you cannot perform pointer arithmetic using them, they are not actual memory addresses, and so on. See What References Are Not for more information. Instead, they are symbol table aliases. Note that in PHP, variable name and variable content are different, so the same content can have different names. The closest analogy is with Unix filenames and files - variable names are directory entries, while variable content is the file itself. References can be likened to hardlinking in Unix filesystem.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


OpenWindows Advanced User's Guide
10.3 Setting Default File Permissions
The umask command sets a default file permission for all the files and directories you create. For example, if you are security conscious and you want to grant members of your group, and all users, only read and execute permissions (-rwxr-xr-x) on your directories and files, you can set the umask in your.cshrc and.profile file so that every new file or directory you create is protected with these permissions.
Like the chmod command, umask uses a numeric code to represent absolute file permissions. However, the method used to calculate the code for umask is distinctly different from the method for chmod.
To begin with, if umask is set to 000, all files you create have the following (read and write, but not execute) permissions:
rw-rw-rw- (mode 666)
and all directories created have the following (read, write, and execute) permissions:
rwxrwxrwx (mode 777)
To determine the value to use for umask, you subtract the value of the permissions you want (using the value you would specify for the chmod command) from the current default permissions assigned to files. The remainder is the value to use for the umask command.
For example, suppose you want to change the default mode for files from 666 (rw-rw-rw-) to 644 (rw-r--r--). Subtract 644 from 666. The remainder, 022, is the numeric value you would use with umask as follows:
umask 022
Similar to the numeric code for the chmod command, the three numbers used with umask are as follows:
Table 10-1 shows the file permissions created for each digit of the umask command's numeric code.
Table 10-1 Permissions for umask
umask code
For more information on the umask command, refer to the man Pages(1): User Commands.


text:
For many households, pets are not just animals but beloved family members. Just as you'd want the best healthcare coverage for yourself and your human family, it's crucial to consider pet insurance to protect your furry or feathered friends. With a plethora of pet insurance providers available, it can be overwhelming to make the right choice. To help you make an informed decision, we've compiled the top questions you should ask before selecting a pet insurance provider for your family.
1. What Types of Coverage Do You Offer?
When it comes to pet insurance, not all providers are created equal. The first question you should ask is about the types of coverage they offer. Generally, pet insurance plans can include:
Accident-only coverage: Covers injuries resulting from accidents.
Illness coverage: Covers various illnesses, diseases, and non-pre-existing conditions.
Wellness or routine care coverage: Includes preventive services like vaccinations and check-ups.
Hereditary and congenital conditions coverage: Your pet may be predisposed to conditions due to their breed.
Dental coverage: Includes dental treatments and procedures.
Prescription medication coverage: Covers the cost of prescription drugs.
Understanding what each plan includes will help you choose the one that best suits your pet's needs.
2. What Are Your Policy Exclusions?
It's essential to clarify what a pet insurance policy does not cover. Standard exclusions may include:
Pre-existing conditions: Health issues your pet had before getting insurance.
Certain breed-specific conditions: Some insurers may exclude conditions common in specific breeds.
Cosmetic procedures: Procedures that aren't medically necessary.
Experimental treatments: Treatments that aren't widely accepted in veterinary medicine.
Preventable conditions: Health issues that could have been appropriately avoided.
Knowing the exclusions can prevent surprises and help you manage your expectations.
3. What Is Your Claim Process Like?
Understanding the claims process is crucial for a hassle-free experience when your pet needs medical attention. Ask about the following aspects:
How to submit a claim: Inquire about the submission methods, such as online, mobile app, or traditional mail.
Claim approval times: Understand how long it takes for claims to be processed and approved.
Reimbursement methods: Learn how you'll receive reimbursements, whether it's through direct deposits or checks.
Claim limits: Check for any annual or lifetime limits on claims.
4. Can I Choose My Veterinarian?
Some pet insurance providers have a network of preferred veterinarians, while others allow you to visit any licensed veterinarian. If you have a trusted vet, ensure your insurance plan will enable you to continue using their services without restrictions.
5. How Are Premiums Calculated?
Pet insurance premiums can vary widely based on your pet's age, breed, location, and the coverage you select. Ask the provider how they calculate premiums and if they offer any discounts, such as multi-pet or annual payment discounts.
6. Is There a Waiting Period?
Most pet insurance plans have a waiting period before coverage kicks in. This waiting period can range from a few days to a few weeks. Ensure you know your chosen plan's waiting period to avoid unexpected expenses.
7. Do You Cover Chronic and Long-Term Conditions?
Pets, like humans, can develop chronic and long-term conditions that require ongoing care. Ask the insurer if they provide coverage for these conditions and if there are any limitations.
8. How Does the Deductible Work?
The deductible is the amount you're responsible for paying before your insurance coverage begins. Understanding how deductibles work and whether they are per-incident or annual can help you budget for your pet's healthcare expenses.
Choosing the right pet insurance provider is significant for any pet owner. By asking these essential questions, you can make an informed choice that ensures your furry family members receive the best possible healthcare without breaking the bank. Remember that the right pet insurance policy provides peace of mind, knowing you can provide the best care for your beloved companions without worrying about the cost.


Da PLA block.
The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of mPEG–PLA copolymer was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy using pyrene (Fluka, >99%) as a hydrophobic probe as previously reported [20]. The fluorescence spectra of pyrene were measured at varying copolymer concentrations using a Shimadzu RF-5301 PC fluorescence spectrometer at 25 °C. The excitation wavelength was adjusted to 392 nm, and the detection of fluorescence was performed at 333 and 335 nm. CAC was measured from the onset of a rise in the intensity ratio of peak at 335 nm to peak at 333 nm in the fluorescence spectra of pyrene plotted versus the logarithm of polymer concentration.
Preparation of mPEG–PLA Polymeric Micelles
mPEG5–PLA2.5 and mPEG5–PLA5 polymeric micelles were prepared by rotary evaporation method [31]. In brief, 25 mg of mPEG–PLA was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol followed by evaporation under vacuum at 60 °C to form a homogeneous film. The resulting film was dispersed in 10 mL of water at 60 °C and then vortexed for 3 min. The mixture was filtered through a 0.45-μm filter (Millex-GV, Millipore, USA) to obtain a clear and homogeneous micellar solution. The CyA-loaded micelles were prepared as described above except 25 mg of mPEG–PLA was replaced by a mixture of 5 mg of CyA and 25 mg of mPEG–PLA.
mPEG5–PLA10 and mPEG5–PLA15 polymeric micelles were prepared by dialysis method [20]. In brief, 25 mg of mPEG–PLA and 5 mg of CyA were dissolved in 3 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The solution was then introduced into a dialysis bag (Spectrapor, MWCO = 3500) and dialyzed against 1 L of distilled water, which was replaced every 4 h in the course over 48 h. The micellar solution obtained in the dialysis bag was then filtered through a 0.45-μm filter (Millex-GV, Millipore, USA) to remove nonencapsulated CyA. CyA-free micelles were produced by the same method without adding CyA at the first stage of the preparation.
Particle Size Measurement
The average particle size and size distribution of polymeric micelles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) (Zetasizer ZEN 3600, Malvern, UK). All DLS measurements were performed with a scattering angle of 90° at 25 °C after diluting the micellar solution to an appropriate volume with water. The results were the mean values of three samples.
Determination of Encapsulation Efficiency and Drug Loading Content
In order to determine drug loading content (LC, w/w %) and entrapment efficiency (EE, w/w %) of micelles, CyA-loaded polymeric micelles solution was freeze-dried and then dissolved in methanol and CyA content in micelles was determined on a Shimadzu series HPLC system (Shimadzu LC-10AT, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a UV detector (Shimadzu SPD-10A) and reversed phase column (ODS C18, 5 μm, 4.6 mm × 250 mm, Dikma, China). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/water (90/10, v/v) and was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 210 nm. The column temperature was set to 70 °C. The LC and EE of the micelles were then calculated based on the following formula:
Stability of CyA-Loaded Polymeric Micelles in Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Fluids
The stability of CyA-loaded polymeric micelles in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) for a period of 12 h was evaluated from the changes of EE and particle size of micelles with time upon incubation of the micelles samples in SGF or SIF at 37 °C, respectively. The EE and particle size of micelles were determined as described earlier.
In Vitro Release of CyA from Micelles
One milliliter of micelles solution with known CyA content was placed into a dialysis bag with molecular weight cut-off of 50 kDa. The dialysis bag was immersed into a flask containing 30 mL of release medium (SGF or SIF) containing 30% (v/v) ethanol (sink condition) which was kept in a constant temperature shaking water bath at 37 °C and 100 rpm. At predetermined time intervals, aliquots (1 mL) of the release medium was taken and replaced by fresh medium. The content of CyA in the medium was measured by HPLC method as described above. The cumulative release percentage of CyA was calculated.
Intestinal Absorption
Male SD rats weighing 200 ± 20 g were used for this research. All animals were housed with free access standard food and tap water, and exposed to alternating 12 h periods of light and darkness. Temperature and relative humidity were maintained at 25 °C and 50%, respectively. After an acclimatization period of 2 days, the rats were fasted for 12 h but allowed free access to water prior to the experiments. Rats were anaesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of 15% w/v urethane at a dose of 1.5 g/kg and a laparotomy was performed.
In situ rat perfusion experiments [3235]
The abdominal cavity was opened, and a segment of the ileum was exposed. The segment was flushed with 50 ml of warm Krebs–Ringer buffer solution [KRB, pH 7.4, composed of (in mM): NaCl 111.9, KCl 5.0, CaCl21.2, MgCl21.2, NaH2PO40.4, Na2HPO41.6, NaHCO325.0, NaGlutamate 4.9, NaPyruvate 4.9, Na2Fumarate 5.4, glucose 11.5] to remove the luminal contents and then flushed with air to minimize the amount of luminal fluid. These rats were placed in a warm table for the absorption studies after surgery.
The perfusion solution was prepared using 1 mg/mL of CyA-loaded polymeric micelles (mPEG5-PLA5) or Sandimmun Neoral® in KRB containing 3-mg/mL phenol red. Phenol red acted as a nonabsorbable marker in the luminal medium to correct the appreciable influence of the secretion or absorption of water on CyA content during the experiment. A recirculating system was constructed by connecting a small reservoir containing 40 mL of stirring perfusion solution kept at 37 °C with the inlet cannula and by directing the flow from the outlet cannula back to the reservoir. The perfusion pump (BT300-300M, Lange, Co, Ltd. China) was utilized to drive the perfusate at a rate of 2 mL/min through the inlet cannula into the intestinal segment. 0.5 mL of perfusate samples were collected and replaced by fresh KRB containing 3-mg/mL phenol red at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 h after perfusion. The CyA concentration in the perfusate samples was measured by HPLC method as described above, and the phenol red concentration was determined using UV spectrophotometer (Agilent 8453, Agilent Technologies, UK) at 558 nm.
Ex vivo experiments [29, 36]
A laparotomy was performed and segment of ileum were removed and used for the everted gut sac technique. In brief, the ileum was rinsed twice with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) at room temperature. Then the specimen was put into oxygenated Tyrode solution [pH 7.4, composed of (in mM): NaCl 115, KCl 2.7, CaCl21.8, MgCl21.1, NaH2PO40.4, Na2HPO41.6, NaHCO312.7, glucose 5.6] immediately at 37 °C. Then the intestine was gently everted over a glass rod and divided into 5-cm sacs which were filled with fresh oxygenated Tyrode solution using silk suture. The sacs were incubated in gentle shaking oxygenated Tyrode solution containing CyA-loaded polymeric micelles or Sandimmun Neoral® for 120 min. Thereafter, the Tyrode solution with and without sacs was collected. The content of remaining CyA in the medium was measured by HPLC method as described above. The mass of the bound CyA was determined by subtraction of the mass of remaining CyA in the medium from the initial mass of CyA and reported as percent binding:
The commercial formulation of CyA, Sandimmun Neoral®, was also tested as control.
Statistical Analysis
All data were expressed as mean standard deviation (SD) unless particularly outlined. The statistical significance of differences among more than two groups was determined by one-way ANOVA by the software SPSS 13.0. A value of p < 0.05 was considered to be significant


text:
Writing out IPv6 addresses wasn't very well explained in the original RFC4291 and left a few ambiguities in the defining a absolute definition way to write out addresses.
RFC 5592 – A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation in the on the Standards Track (but with Errata at time of writing) to help fix those problems.
4. A Recommendation for IPv6 Text Representation
A recommendation for a canonical text representation format of IPv6 addresses is presented in this section. The recommendation in this document is one that complies fully with [RFC4291], is implemented by various operating systems, and is human friendly. The recommendation in this section SHOULD be followed by systems when generating an address to be represented as text, but all implementations MUST accept and be able to handle any legitimate [RFC4291] format. It is advised that humans also follow these recommendations when spelling an address.
4.1. Handling Leading Zeros in a 16-Bit Field
Leading zeros MUST be suppressed. For example, 2001:0db8::0001 is not acceptable and must be represented as 2001:db8::1. A single 16- bit 0000 field MUST be represented as 0.
Too right, you MUST drop the zeros. Less typing.
4.2. "::" Usage
4.2.1. Shorten as Much as Possible
The use of the symbol "::" MUST be used to its maximum capability. For example, 2001:db8:0:0:0:0:2:1 must be shortened to 2001:db8::2:1. Likewise, 2001:db8::0:1 is not acceptable, because the symbol "::" could have been used to produce a shorter representation 2001:db8::1.
Good, no more stupid IPv6 ambiguous question on Cisco tests.
4.2.2. Handling One 16-Bit 0 Field
The symbol "::" MUST NOT be used to shorten just one 16-bit 0 field. For example, the representation 2001:db8:0:1:1:1:1:1 is correct, but 2001:db8::1:1:1:1:1 is not correct.
Not sure about this one, but it helps with parsing of scripts I believe.
4.2.3. Choice in Placement of "::"
When there is an alternative choice in the placement of a "::", the longest run of consecutive 16-bit 0 fields MUST be shortened (i.e., the sequence with three consecutive zero fields is shortened in 2001: 0:0:1:0:0:0:1). When the length of the consecutive 16-bit 0 fields are equal (i.e., 2001:db8:0:0:1:0:0:1), the first sequence of zero bits MUST be shortened. For example, 2001:db8::1:0:0:1 is correct representation.
The characters "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", and "f" in an IPv6 address MUST be represented in lowercase.
Good, now I don't need the shift key or the caps lock key anymore.
And this is one of my favourites:
Notes on Combining IPv6 Addresses with Port Numbers
There are many different ways to combine IPv6 addresses and port numbers that are represented in text. Examples are shown below.
2001:db8::1 port 80
The situation is not much different in IPv4, but the most ambiguous case with IPv6 is the second bullet. This is due to the "::"usage in IPv6 addresses. This style is NOT RECOMMENDED because of its ambiguity. The style as expressed in [RFC3986] SHOULD be employed, and is the default unless otherwise specified. Other styles are acceptable when there is exactly one style for the given context and cross-platform portability does not become an issue. For URIs containing IPv6 address literals, [RFC3986] MUST be followed, as well as the rules defined in this document.
The EtherealMind View
Good. Nice, tidy, rules driven.
Thankyou for listening.


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P3 Toolkit
Analytical Tools
P3-VALUE: Public Sector Comparator Tool User Manual
December 27, 2013
« Previous | Table of Contents | Next »
Chapter 3. PSC Development Overview
Agencies considering P3 procurement options for a highway project may find it useful to conduct a VfM analysis to compare the potential of different project delivery structures to provide value for money. As part of a VfM analysis, the PSC represents a baseline projection of the costs for public sector delivery that serves as a benchmark against which an agency may consider the costs of P3 procurement. The specific steps for completing a VfM analysis are:
 1. Conduct a risk assessment to identify, quantify, and allocate risks between the public and private partners.
 2. Develop a PSC estimate that indicates the potential cost of public delivery.
 3. Develop a P3 estimate (or "shadow bid") that indicates the potential cost of P3 delivery.
 4. Conduct a VfM analysis that compares the public and P3 delivery costs to assess which option provides greater VfM for the public.
The PSC Tool and User Manual utilize a hypothetical highway project as an example to demonstrate how certain assumptions affect the PSC's results and how those outputs inform the VfM analysis. As outlined in Figure 2, the PSC Tool contains four major classes of worksheets that are color-coded by purpose.
Timing & Prerequisites
Once a public agency has made the decision to move forward with a project, it may consider the options available for the project's delivery structure. If an agency is considering P3 procurement, it may conduct a VfM analysis to inform the selection of the preferred delivery structure. In developing a VfM analysis, public agencies rely on the outcomes of several other tasks conducted in a project's development (e.g., traffic and revenue forecasts and risk assessment) to inform the assumptions made in the analysis.
Agencies typically conduct a VfM analysis after completing the above tasks. An agency may consider qualitative factors earlier in the project development process to assess the potential procurement options that will be evaluated quantitatively in the VfM analysis.
Figure 2: Key Components of the PSC Tool
Function The worksheets found within the green tabs allow users to accept the PSC Tool's disclaimers, review key terms and definitions, and navigate through the tool via an 'Index' tab. It is important to note that users must accept the disclaimer on the 'Introduction' tab before accessing the remaining content of the PSC Tool.
Assumptions & Examples The worksheets found within the blue tabs provide users with an editable template of key project assumptions regarding project costs, funding, and revenue. Users enter all the PSC inputs into blue-shaded cells or select the appropriate options from available drop-down menus.
Cash Flows The worksheets found within the gray tabs present the hypothetical project's cash flows based on the assumptions input by the user in the blue tabs. Users cannot alter data in the gray sheets.
Outputs The worksheets found within the yellow tabs calculate the hypothetical project's net present cost (NPC). Users can conduct a sensitivity analysis and a scenario analysis on the NPC. There is another disclaimer users must accept prior to viewing the outputs.
Structuring the PSC
The PSC considered should be the most likely project delivery alternative to a P3. The PSC may be structured as a traditional design-bid-build alternative or it may be structured as design-build or even design-build-finance procurement if these are reasonable alternative delivery structures for the project's public sponsor.
There are a number of qualitative factors, such as those listed below, that agencies should consider when developing the PSC. Agencies should consider qualitative factors first to decide on the project delivery structure and requirements of the PSC and ultimately to decide which project delivery structure best achieves the project objectives.
 1. What would be the most efficient and realistic project delivery structure if the project is not delivered as a P3?
 2. What are the agency's objectives for the project? How do different project delivery structures help to achieve those objectives?
 3. Are there statutory, regulatory, or legal restrictions that limit the project delivery structures available to the public sponsor?
 4. Is the project affordable to the public sector under different project delivery structures?
 5. Does the agency have sufficient staff resources and capabilities to manage the procurement process and to deliver the project to the service standards and operational requirements contemplated under the PSC?
 6. Is there sufficient information of reasonable quality on public sector project delivery costs to develop a representative PSC?
 7. How will different project delivery options accelerate or delay project delivery?
 8. Will the project delivery options considered allow for more or less transparency and accountability?
 9. Will the project delivery options considered have inequitable impacts on certain populations?
 10. Are there other advantages or disadvantages associated with the project delivery options considered that are difficult to quantify, such as vulnerability costs or deferral costs?
Chapter 8 of the Primer provides additional guidance on qualitative VfM assessments.
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text:
On The Front Lines
Rutherford Institute Presents Arguments in 4th Circuit Court of Appeals Over Civil War Heritage Group's Right to Fly Confederate Flag
RICHMOND, Va. — The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit heard arguments today in a First Amendment lawsuit filed by The Rutherford Institute, which alleges that the City of Lexington, Va., violated the Constitution by prohibiting a civil war heritage society from flying the Confederate flag on flag standards maintained by the city. Institute attorneys asked the appeals court to reverse a ruling by the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia, which dismissed the lawsuit on behalf of the Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) on the grounds that the City was free to adopt an ordinance denying private parties the use of flag standards along City streets even though it had previously allowed local organizations to fly their flags from the standards. In arguments to the three-judge appeals panel, Rutherford Institute attorneys contend that the City's motive for adopting the flag ordinance—allegedly in response to an SCV request to fly the Confederate flag and because of the City's opposition to the message conveyed by that flag—was colored by a desire to silence the SCV's speech.
"The First Amendment was penned by the Framers of the Constitution to protect our ideas and speech, both the popular and the unpopular," stated John W. Whitehead, president of The Rutherford Institute. "The issue here is not whether the Confederate flag should be displayed but whether we, as Americans, remain committed to the idea of free speech. If we allow the censoring of something simply because it may be controversial, we open the door for the government to discard anything deemed disturbing or offensive."
The Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) is a nonpolitical fraternal organization that seeks to recognize and preserve the heritage and history of military personnel who fought for the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. In early 2010, the SCV began planning and organizing a parade to be held in January 2011, in Lexington, Va., a city with rich ties to Confederate history. For example, Lexington was the home of Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, who is also buried in Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery. Gen. Robert E. Lee also is buried in Lexington at the chapel of Washington & Lee University, where Gen. Lee served as president from 1865 until his death in 1870. Lee-Jackson Day has also been designated as an annual holiday every January in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As part of its preparations for the parade, the SCV requested permission to temporarily display the Confederate flag from street standards owned by the city. In years past, other groups, such as college fraternities, had been granted permission to fly their flags from the standards for special events. Although the SCV's request created some controversy, city officials granted them permission to temporarily display the Confederate flag during the January 2011 event. However, at a March 2011 meeting to discuss the policy governing use of the flag standards, several persons expressed opposition to the Confederate flag display. Subsequently, in September 2011, the City adopted an ordinance providing that only the national flag of the United States, the flag of the Commonwealth of Virginia and the City flag of Lexington may be flown from the standards on designated holidays. In filing the First Amendment lawsuit in January 2012, Institute attorneys alleged that the City not only violated a 1993 injunction assuring the SCV of the right to display the Confederate flag but also discriminated against the SCV in violation of their right to free speech and equal protection under the law. The Rutherford Institute is working in conjunction with attorney Thomas E. Strelka of Roanoke, Va., in representing the SCV.


Best answer: How long does your nervous system take to recover?
A 95% effort might require 48 hours of recovery, whereas a PR (100% effort) might require 10 days of recovery," Frances stated. It appears there is a margin of recovery that should not be taken lightly when we differentiate between 95% and 100% of max speed or power.
How long does it take your nervous system to recover?
After a prolonged exercise regimen (regimens are typically 8-12 weeks), take at least 1 week off from anything intense to allow for recovery. Make sure to get adequate sleep between training sessions as this is the best way to let your central nervous system recover fully.
Can the nervous system repair itself?
Because nerve cells of the CNS are unable to regenerate, any resulting loss of motor or sensory function will be permanent.
How do you reset your nervous system?
A deep sigh is your body-brain's natural way to release tension and reset your nervous system. Simply breathe in fully, then breathe out fully, longer on the exhale. Studieshave shown that a deep sigh returns the autonomic nervous system from an over-activated sympathetic state to a more balanced parasympathetic state.
IT IS INTERESTING: How much money do sports psychologists make?
What helps the nervous system heal?
Certain foods such as leafy greens, cruciferous veggies, avocados, and berries have all been linked to brain health. Certain foods can help in calming and healing the nervous system. These include fish, which are high in omega-3 fatty acids, green leafy vegetables and sea vegetables.
What happens if your central nervous system is damaged?
You may experience the sudden onset of one or more symptoms, such as: Numbness, tingling, weakness, or inability to move a part or all of one side of the body (paralysis). Dimness, blurring, double vision, or loss of vision in one or both eyes. Loss of speech, trouble talking, or trouble understanding speech.
How do you strengthen your central nervous system?
Steps to keep your central nervous system healthy
 1. Step 1: Exercise on a daily basis. …
 2. Step 2: Get plenty of sleep. …
 3. Step 3: Expose your body to sunlight. …
 4. Step 4: Add meditation in your daily routine. …
 5. Step 5: Walk barefoot. …
 6. Step 6: Drink green tea. …
 7. Step 7: Food you eat matters.
29 сент. 2017 г.
What are the symptoms of weak nervous system?
Symptoms may include:
 - Persistent or sudden onset of a headache.
 - A headache that changes or is different.
 - Loss of feeling or tingling.
 - Weakness or loss of muscle strength.
 - Loss of sight or double vision.
 - Memory loss.
 - Impaired mental ability.
 - Lack of coordination.
Can nerves grow back?
When one of your nerves is cut or damaged, it will try to repair itself. The nerve fibres (axons) shrink back and 'rest' for about a month; then they begin to grow again. Axons will regenerate about 1mm per day.
IT IS INTERESTING: How does physical activity improve emotional social and mental health?
How can I repair my brain?
HOW TO HELP YOUR BRAIN HEAL AFTER AN INJURY
 1. Get plenty of sleep at night, and rest during the day.
 2. Increase your activity slowly.
 3. Write down the things that may be harder than usual for you to remember.
 4. Avoid alcohol, drugs, and caffeine.
 5. Eat brain-healthy foods.
 6. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
18 янв. 2017 г.
How can I repair my nervous system naturally?
Follow the prevention guidelines below to keep your body and nervous system healthy:
 1. Exercise regularly. …
 2. Do not smoke or use other tobacco products. …
 3. Get plenty of rest.
 4. Take care of health conditions that may cause decreased nervous system functioning, such as: …
 5. Eat a balanced diet.
What causes your body to feel nervous?
Why do we feel nervous? Nervousness is a common feeling brought on by your body's stress response. This involves series of hormonal and physiological responses that help prepare you to handle a perceived or imagined threat. Your body prepares to fight or flee a threat by boosting adrenaline production.
Does pushing your eyes reset your nervous system?
We find that a brain signal associated with moving the eyes appears to play a role in resetting visual analysis on each fixation, a process that may aid in parsing the neural signal.
Which medicine is best for nervous system?
More information
 - Acamprosate tablets (Campral EC)
 - Adrenaline (epinephrine) for anaphylaxis (Emerade, EpiPen, Jext)
 - Agomelatine tablets (Valdoxan)
 - Almotriptan for migraine (Almogran)
 - Amantadine for Parkinson's disease.
 - Amisulpride (Solian)
 - Amitriptyline (Elavil)
 - Apomorphine for Parkinson's disease (APO-go, Dacepton)
Kind psychologist


text:
The MICRA system has been designed primarily for protection of small-sized buildings and facilities such as kiosks, boutiques, holiday cottages, garages and small workshops, but the Micra\'s range of applications can be much wider. Given its compact design, the module can provide mobility for the installation, if necessary. It is therefore a perfect solution for temporary protection of, for example, construction sites.
The MICRA alarm module versatility stems from its capability to support both traditional hardwired detectors, as well as dedicated wireless ones. Because of the use of wireless communication, installation of the MICRA system is maximally simplified. A complete alarm system can be installed in less than an hour. The optional use of wireless motion detectors and reed switch detectors provides optimal protection against burglary, while the wireless smoke detectors can provide additional safety. Operating the system by means of remote control keyfobs, wireless keypad or mobile phone is simple and intuitive. Owing to its analog inputs, the MICRA can be also used for supervision over technical devices, providing information on exceeding the critical parameters, such as temperature or pressure. Configuring the MICRA module does not require skills necessary for programming sophisticated control panels. To configure a module, simply connect it to the computer with a suitable cable and run the appropriate application. The MICRA module is provided with a GSM / GPRS communicator, with which it can not only implement SMS notification of events via SMS, but also transmit information to alarm monitoring companies. In addition, remote operation via SMS is possible, so you cannot just arm/disarm the system, but you can even control devices connected to the module. The MICRA module, like other SATEL\'s devices, feature top quality workmanship and well-thought-out technical solutions. This means not only a guarantee of trouble-free operation, but also the appropriate level of security.
- 4 programmable inputs for detectors and technical equipment supervision
- inputs mode selection: digital (on/off) or analog (voltage)
- dedicate tamper loop input
- 2 relay outputs controlled locally or remotely (with keyfobs, SMS or CLIP)
- remote control receiver supporting up to eight P-2/P-4/T-2/T-4 keyfobs
- support for MRU-300 radio signal repeater
- GPRS/SMS monitoring with events definition
- SMS/CLIP personal messaging on selected events
- audio verification over telephone via external microphone
- local (RS-232) or remote (GPRS) programming


Legal Articles
20 May
Do you know how to read the survey plan for your scheme?
I recently became aware of a body corporate that was pursuing bylaw contravention action against an owner. It was alleged that the owner had made unauthorised modifications to common property, and further that the owner had placed decorative items, such as pots and other items, on that common property.
The area in question was a ground floor courtyard. The body corporate had assumed that, because the area was outside, it wasn't part of the lot.
The problem from the body corporate's perspective was that, upon inspection of the survey plan for the scheme, it was apparent that the area in question, although outside, was part of the lot. It was not common property.
That sort of experience underlines the importance of parties in a community title scheme being able to read and understand the survey plan for the scheme.
Read through more of our articles on Body Corporate Law.
How to read the survey plan for a scheme
When a new scheme comes into existence, a document called a survey plan is registered with the Land Registry. The survey plan defines the lots in the scheme and the common property in the scheme.
There are three types of survey plan in Queensland, being:
 - standard format plan;
 - building format plan; and
 - volumetric format plan.
Some larger schemes may even be comprised of multiple survey plans of different types. Each type of plan defines the lots in a scheme in a different way.
Types of Survey Plans
A standard format plan defines lots using a horizontal plane and references to marks on the ground, such as posts in the ground or permanent markers. Such a plan will identify the relevant mark and will define the lot by lines referenced back to those marks by way of a bearing and a distance. Townhouse complexes will often (but not always) use this type of plan.
A building format plan defines lots using the structural elements of a building, such as floors, walls and ceilings. Therefore in that instance, the lot is defined by what is actually built rather than by particular marks on the ground. This plan type is often used for lots within high rise apartments.
A volumetric format plan defines lots using three-dimensionally located points to identify the position, shape and dimensions of the lot. Think of a cube (although it can be any three dimensional shape) encompassing an air space. This plan type is often used for large multi-use buildings where, for example, there might be a commercial community titles scheme comprised within one volumetric lot and a residential community titles scheme comprised within a different volumetric lot.
The ground floor courtyard case
The lots in the scheme to which I referred at the start of this article were defined by a building format plan. The particular structural element that defined the lot in question was a balustrade at the edge of the courtyard. In the particular circumstances of that scheme, that meant that the boundary of the lot was the exterior edge of the balustrade on the outside of the courtyard. That had the effect of including within the relevant lot the internal area of the lot (as you would expect), but also the exterior walls of that interior area, together with the entire exterior courtyard and even the balustrade itself.
The survey plan type, and the manner in which lots are defined on any given plan, is relevant to:
 1. The respective maintenance obligations of the body corporate and lot owners. For example, for lots defined by a building format plan, the body corporate is responsible for maintaining essential supporting framework, including load bearing walls, even if those walls are wholly contained within a lot. That is not the case for lots defined by a standard format plan.
 2. Whether a particular area in question is common property or part of a lot, which in turn also impacts upon maintenance obligations. For example, for townhouse complexes defined by a standard format plan, often the exterior face of a building constructed on a lot will be part of the lot, and will therefore be the lot owner's responsibility to maintain. However, for a large high rise building defined by building format plan, usually the exterior face of the building will be common property and will therefore be the body corporate's responsibility to maintain.
The use of different plan types, together with the complexities associated with the use of exclusive use common property areas, means that almost every scheme is different.
Do you have questions?
Reading, considering and understanding the registered survey plan pursuant to which a lot is defined should be one of the first steps taken by anyone considering maintenance obligations and bylaw enforcement, among other issues.
If your committee or if you as an individual lot owner have any questions in relation to the survey plan for your scheme and what it means in practical terms, please contact Andrew Kyle at ABKJ Lawyers by email at or phone our Southport office on 07 5532 3199.
Related Articles:
When Did You Last Review Your Scheme's Bylaws?
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text:
If you would like to receive continuing education credits such as PDH or CM, please make sure to complete this evaluation form once you've watched the entire video so that we have a record of your attendance.
What are the job, residential development and market rent outcomes of Light Rail Transit (LRT), Streetcar Transit (SCT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)?
LRT, SCR and BRT investments are spreading rapidly across the country but there is scant evidence of their effect on where people work and live, and effects on market rents as an indicator of value. This webinar will summarize several years of NITC-sponsored research into development outcomes associated with these transit investments.
The webinar will be led by NITC researcher Arthur C. Nelson who was the principal investigator of two projects: Do TODs Make a Difference? and National Study of Bus Rapid Transit Development Outcomes. Using a common database and analytic methods applied to 11 LRT systems, 8 BRT systems, and 3 SCT systems, Nelson will summarize key findings relating to:
- The extent to which these transit systems shifted job and population patterns,
- How these systems are shaping the real estate rental market for office, retail and apartment developments,
- Their influence on job attractiveness by wage categories, and,
- The spatial interactions between transit and land use patterns.
This webinar will also raise questions for future research.
Arthur C. Nelson is Professor of Planning and Real Estate Development at the University of Arizona where he is also Professor of Geography and Regional Development. His research interests include the economic development and demographic outcomes associated with transit, metropolitan-scale urban form, how changing economics and demographics will reshape metropolitan America, and comparative metropolitan governance structures. He is the author of Reshaping Metropolitan America and Foundations of Real Estate Development Finance: A Guide for Public-Private Partnerships.


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Rotation Angles for 3D Vector
 1. Nov 29, 2006 #1
 Hello folks!
 So, I'm working on a java applet where I want to rotate an object to point in the direction that it is moving. I have its velocity stored as a 3D vector (x,y,z) and I am using a 3D library that allows for rotation on any axis (x,y, or z).
 It's my understanding that I need to calculate the Euler angles for rotation along all 3 axes. I've found a lot of help online for calculating Euler angles from a rotation matrix. My issue is that I don't have a rotation matrix, i just have the velocity vector of the object. Can anyone help me understand how to calculate rotation angles from a 3D vector? Do I need to first calculate a rotation matrix and then calculate Euler angles?
 My pseudo-code for what I am attempting is as follows:
 angle1 = getXRotation(velocity);
 angle2 = getYRotation(velocity);
 angle3 = getZRotation(velocity);
 translate(location)
 rotateX(angle1)
 rotateY(angle2)
 rotateZ(angle3)
 draw object!
 Thanks all!!

 2. jcsd
 3. Nov 30, 2006 #2
 Try to search quaternion, SU(3), unit complex number, etc. Quaternion may help you to simplify a lot of calculation.

 4. Nov 30, 2006 #3
Share this great discussion with others via Reddit, Google+, Twitter, or Facebook


text:
Lochmueller developed a rural Long-Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) for the Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development Commission in Southern Illinois. The plan identified the long-term vision of the five-county area (Williamson, Jackson, Jefferson, Franklin, & Perry Counties) and provided framework for future operations and maintenance for the multi-modal transportation network for 20 years. The plan culminates in a regionally prioritized list of project recommendations designed to help create a safe and efficient transportation system that supports economic development and tourism growth throughout the five counties. This plan is the first of its kind in Illinois and aims to serve as a precedent for establishing and funding rural transportation planning organizations throughout the state.
The plan preparation involved evaluating existing infrastructure, identifying a regional vision, developing strategic goals and objectives, identifying transportation needs, evaluating future scenarios, providing robust stakeholder and public engagement, and developing a list of prioritized infrastructure projects based on anticipated available funding. A GIS-based, planning-level safety analysis was performed to determine trends in crashes with all travel modes by location, time of day, collision type, weather conditions, driver age, impairment, and mode of travel. This analysis was used to advance projects that have impacts on identified unsafe portions of the transportation system.
The project team developed and refined a priority list of infrastructure investments and public policies to serve the region's long-range goals. Several transportation projects and land use assumptions were evaluated using the statewide travel demand model produced by Lochmueller for IDOT. The travel model will provide a way to objectively evaluate projects, land use assumptions, and policy decision's impacts on the transportation system as a whole.


number
Principle
animate
audio
fac
interpol
lead
local
memory
vertex
vol
Voir aussi
Principe
Objects are referenced by an identifier (number or a name) assigned at creation. To change this query object or simply invoke this identifier To change or query this object just invoke this identifier.
Examples:
cube("A")dim(200); creates the cube side 200 and name A.
col vol(2)=1,.7,.5; assigns orange colr to volume number 2.
normal vertex(3)vol(7); returns the vertex 3 normal of volume 7.
etc...
number animate
number animate
 Returns the number of the current image of an animation.
number animate=n
 Changes this number.
Note: must be in the interval [1,dim animate].
number audio
number audio directory("dir")
Returns the numbers associated with the audio read directory("dir").
number fac
number fac displ
Returns the number of the facet currently displayed (useful for thz command func fac).
number interpol
number interpol vol(id)
 Returns the counter value of the function interpol(ni) vol(num) between 1 (1st image) and ni (last image).
Note:
Useful to test the end of interpol vol.
number lead
Returns the number of the absolute leaders (roots of the anchor trees).
number memory
number memory
 Returns the number of all the memories.
number memory("nnn")
 Returns the number of the memory name nnn.
number memory(num1)=num2
 Changes the number of the memory num1. num1 and num2 may be indeferently numbers or strings.
See also: name memory.
number local
Returns the identifier of object whose a local function is currently executed. ((useful for the command local vol)
number vertex displ
Returns the number of the vertex currently displayed.
number vol
number vol displ
Returns tehe number of the volume currently displayed.
See also:
scale number
read poi format name number


text:
View to Lunga
, across Scotland's "Grey Dog" tidal race.
Tidal race (or tidal rapid) is a natural occurrence whereby a fast moving tide passes through a constriction resulting in the formation of waves, eddies and hazardous currents. The constriction can be a passage where the sides narrow, for example the Gulf of Corryvreckan and the Saltstraumen maelstrom, or an underwater obstruction (a reef or rising seabed), such as is found at the Portland Race.
In extreme cases, such as Skookumchuck Narrows in British Columbia, through which tides can travel at more than 17 knots, very large whirlpools develop, which can be extremely hazardous to navigation.
Notable tidal races


text:
Studies of the Effects of Chemical Treatment on Bending and Torsional Rigidity of Bast Fibres
Keywords:flax, hemp, bast fibres, bending rigidity, torsional rigidity, double pendulum, chemical treatment.
In the presented work the influence of chemical treatment on bending and torsional rigidity of flax and hemp fibres was studied. The morphological properties, bending and torsional rigidity of bast fibres before and after chemical treatment were investigated. Method of double pendulum for determination of fibre bending rigidity and method of torsional pendulum for determination of fibre torsional rigidity were adapted to the investigation of bast fibre rigidities. During the investigations the mean periods of pendulum vibration in bending (Tg) and in torsion (Tt) were measured. On the basis of these periods the mean bending and torsional rigidities were calculated as well as coefficients of variation of the periods. It was shown that the adapted methods are useful for bast fibre rigidities investigations and that the applied chemical treatment lead to decreasing of bending and torsional rigidities of the studied fibres.
The copyrights for articles in this journal are retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open-access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution in educational and other non-commercial settings.


= \vert T_*m\vert = m\{\bom_{-1} \cap \bom_+\} = m\{\bom_{-1}\}$. Denote by $\Cal M_n$, $\Cal M_+$ and $\Cal M$ the classes of (SRB-like) probability measures supported on $\bom_n$, $\bom_+$ and $\Omega$, respectively. \proclaim {Theorem 11.1\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} There is a unique (SRB-like) conditionally invariant measure $\mu_+ \in \Cal M_+$, i. e. the operator $T_+ : \Cal M_+ \to \Cal M_+$ has a unique fixed point $\mu_+$. \endproclaim \proclaim {Theorem 11.2\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} For any measure $m_0\in \Cal M_0$, the sequence of measures $T_+^nm_0$ converges weakly, as $n \to \infty$, to the conditionally invariant measure $\mu_+$. Moreover, the sequence of measures $\lambda_+^{-n} (T_*^nm_0)$ converges weakly to $\rho(m_0)\mu_+$, where the functions $\rho(m_0)$ and $\rho^{-1}(m_0)$ are uniformly bounded on $\Cal M_0$. \endproclaim \proclaim {Theorem 11.3\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} The sequence $T^{-n}\mu_+$ converges weakly, as $n \to \infty$, to a $T$-invariant probability measure $\hat \mu_+ \in \Cal M$. The measure $\hat \mu_+$ is ergodic and K-mixing. \endproclaim The aforementioned results have their natural duals by changing the signs, and then one obtains $\mu_-, \hat \mu_-, \lambda_-$. \proclaim {Theorem 11.4\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} If for every periodic point $x \in \Omega$, $T^kx=x$ we have $\vert \det DT^kx\vert = 1$, then $\hat \mu_+ = \hat \mu_- = \hat \mu $ and $ \lambda_+ = \lambda_- =\lambda$. In particular, this happens if the given Anosov-diffeomorphism preserves a smooth invariant measure. \endproclaim (In [Ch-M-T(1998)] it is also conjectured that $\hat \mu_+$ is a Bernoulli-measure, and has a fast decay of correlations.) The following theorem not only answers Question 1, most interesting from the point of view of physical applications, but also proves the {\it escape rate formula} of K-G(1988). We call $\gamma_+:= - \log \lambda_+$ the {\it escape rate} of the system. Denote by $\lambda_+$ the positive Lyapunov exponent of the ergodic measure $\hat \mu_+$, and by $h(\hat \mu_+)$ its Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. \proclaim {Theorem 11.5\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} $$ \gamma_+ = \lambda_+ - h(\hat \mu_+) \tag 11.6 $$ \endproclaim An interesting feature of the escape rate formula (11.6) is that its right hand side is defined exclusively in terms of the measure $\hat \mu_+$ given on the repeller $\bom_+$, whereas $\gamma_+$ is the rate with which an initial measure given on whole $\bom$ gets pulled down to the repeller. It is an interesting task to generalize Theorems 11.1-5 for Anosov-systems with singularities and subsequently for billiards. \bigskip \noindent {\bf Remark 11.7.} For dynamical systems of large linear size $L$, which actually are appropriate models of transport phenomena, Gaspard and Nicolis, [G-N(1990)] derived a beautiful equation replacing the escape rate formula. For definiteness, let us think of a Lorentz-process (i. e. a dispersive, finite-horizon billiard with a periodic configuration of scatterers) in an elongated periodic container of integer length $L$; the boundary condition in the direction of the $y$-axis is periodic, whereas those in the direction of the $x$-axis at $x=0$ and $x=L$ are open, i. e. $B = (\{x=0\} \cup \{x=L\}) \times S^1$. This model determines a repeller $\bom_+(L)$ with SRB-like invariant measure $\hat \mu_+(L)$, for which we denote the positive Lyapunov-exponent by $\lambda_L$ and the K-S entropy by $h(\hat \mu_+(L))$. Then, by using the diffusion approximation for the Lorentz-process, Gaspard and Nicolis proved analytically that $$ \Cal D = \lim_{L\to \infty} (\frac{L}{\pi^2})\left( \lambda_L - h(\hat \mu_+(L)) \right) $$ where $\Cal D$ is the diffusion coefficient of the Lorentz process in the infinite slab (i. e. in the same model with $L=\infty$). Further related formulas and models are beyond the scope of the present survey. As references on this most alive direction of research we mention the papers of Gaspard and Dorfman, [G-D(1995)], of T\'el, Vollmer and Breymann, [T-V-B(1996)] and of Ruelle, [R(1999)]; for earlier related models of transport see the works of Lebowitz and Spohn, [L-S(1978)] and of Kr\'amli, Sim\'anyi and Sz\'asz, [K-S-Sz(1987)]. \bigskip \noindent {\bf Acknowledgment.} It is my pleasure to thank P\'eter B\'alint, Andr\'as Kr\'amli and N\'andor Sim\'anyi for their most careful reading of the manuscript and for their critical remarks. Moreover, I am the most grateful to Howie Weiss and Tam\'as T\'el for several basic references related to Sections 10 and 11, respectively. The research was also supported by the Hungarian-Portuguese joint grant No. P/97-10 through the cooperation of the Hungarian National Committee for Technological Development and the Instituto de Cooperacao Cientifica e Tecnol\'ogica Internacional. \bigskip \Refs \bigskip \ref\key \by \paper \jour \vol \pages \endref \widestnumber\key{B-P-L(1999)-II} \ref\key B(1934) \by A. S. Besicovitch \paper Sets of Fractional Dimension, IV. On Rational Approximations to Real Numbers \jour J. London Math. Soc. \vol 9 (1934) \pages 126-131 \endref \ref\key B-K-P(1998) \by L. Barreira, A Katok, Ya. Pesin \paper Non-Uniformly Hyperbolic Dynamical Systems \jour manuscript \vol \pages (1998) \endref \ref\key Ch(1998) \by N. I. Chernov \paper Statistical Properties of Piecewise Smooth Hyperbolic Systems in High Dimensions \jour \vol \pages \endref \ref\key Ch-H(1996) \by N. I. Chernov, C. Haskell \paper Nonuniformly Hyperbolic K-systems are Bernoulli \jour Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems \vol 16 \pages 19-44 (1996) \endref \ref\key Ch-M-T(1998) \by N. I. Chernov, R. Markarian, S. Troubetzkoy \paper Invariant Measures for Anosov Maps with Small Holes \jour Manuscript \vol \pages pp. 34 (1998) \endref \ref\key D(1997) \by D. Dolgopyat \paper Bounded Orbits of Anosov-Flows \jour Duke Math. J. \vol 87 (1997) \pages 87-114 \endref \ref\key E(1978) \by R. Engelking \paper Dimension Theory \jour North Holland \vol \pages (1978) \endref \ref\key F(1977) \by J. Franks \paper Invariant Sets of Hyperbolic Toral Automorphisms \jour Amer. J. of Math. \vol 99 (1977) \pages _PHONE_ \endref \ref\key G-D(1995) \by P. Gaspard, J. R. Dorfman \paper Chaotic Scattering Theory, Thermodynamic Formalism, and Transport Coefficients \jour Physical Review {\bf E} \vol 52 (1995) \pages 3525-3552 \endref \ref\key G-N(1990


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Forlond was a harbour that lay on the northern shore of the Gulf of Lhûn, in the Elvish land of Forlindon. Its precise location is open to question. In Appendix A to The Lord of the Rings, there's an account of the arrival of the Gondorian general Eärnur in Lindon, where we're told that his ships filled the Forlond. That account strongly suggests that the harbour represented no more than the northern part of Mithlond, the Grey Havens. According to the maps that accompany The Lord of the Rings, though, the Forlond was placed some two hundred miles to the west of the Havens, at the mouth of the Gulf of Lhûn.
Whichever of these alternatives is correct, we can be sure that it lay on the northern shore of the Gulf, because the name Forlond is derived from the Elvish for 'north haven'. It had an equivalent on the southern shore, too: the Harlond or'south haven'.


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Introduction to version 1
The Interactive Key to Malesian Seed Plants is an identification system for all
native and naturalised (i.e. introduced species with self-maintaining 'wild' populations)
families of the Flora Malesiana region (including Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines,
East Timor and Papua New Guinea).
The key is based on a small set of features of the vegetative, floral and fruit morphology and ecology.
These features were chosen because they are relatively easy to assess from any reasonably intact
flowering and/or fruiting specimen, and are readily interpreted in conjunction with the help of the
notes and illustrations contained in the key.
The key is mainly based on the books by Max van Balgooy (MALESIAN SEED PLANTS - Spot Characters (1997) and Plant Portraits (1998, 2001)) and incorporates additional information from L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz "The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Version: 14th December 2000. _URL_ A selection of core characters has been made from these two sources; the Malesian Key Group has checked these and added additional information.


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Share Our Strength's Cooking Matters Connecticut
Share Our Strength's Cooking Matters( formerly Operation Frontline) is a nutrition education program that fights hunger by teaching families how to make healthy and budget-wise food choices. Cooking Matter's cooking-based nutrition education classes are taught by professional chefs and nutritionists who volunteer to share their expertise with participants. Each class is built around a participatory cooking lesson designed to teach the basics of healthy eating, cooking, food safety, and food budgeting. This is a partnership between Community Health Network of Connecticut Foundation and Share Our Strength.


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POJĘCIE RYZYKA I JEGO UMIEJSCOWIENIA (LOKALIZACJI) W PRAWIE UBEZPIECZEŃ GOSPODARCZYCH
THE NOTION OF RISK AND ITS PLACEMENT IN THE COMMERCIAL INSURANCE LAW
The article presents the notion of risk in the act on insurance activity, the adoption of which constitues an example of the absorption acquis. It has been noticed that the notional dispersion of risk present in the Polish law is inevitable even if certain connotations may bring about some reservations. A specific example of an implementation of the community law is the concept of placement of risk, which has two main functions in the Polish legal system: it is a connecting factor indicating relevant norms of competence and it serves as legal limitations for the supervisory body within the community freedom of rendering services. A review of the Polish legislation in this respect made the author to formulate remarks de lege ferenda.
- Obecnie brak jakichkolwiek odnośników.


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14 CFR § 151.43 - United States share of project costs.
(b) Except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section and in subpart C of this part, the United States share of the costs of an approved project for airport development (regardless of its size or location) is 50 percent of the allowable costs of the project.
(c) The U.S. share of the costs of an approved project for airport development in a State in which the unappropriated and unreserved public lands and nontaxable Indian lands (individual and tribal) is more than 5 percent of its total land, is the percentage set forth in the following table:
(d) The United States share of the costs of an approved project, representing the costs of any of the following, is 75 percent:
(1) The costs of installing high intensity runway edge lighting on a designated instrument landing runway or other runway with an approved straight-in approach procedure.
(2) The costs of installing in-runway lighting (touchdown zone lighting system, and centerline lighting system).
(3) The costs of installing runway distance markers.
(5) The costs of any project in the Virgin Islands.
The following state regulations pages link to this page.


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Search results with tag "The bandgap"
The bandgap for direct absorption in silicon is 4.10 eV, corresponding to a threshold of 0.3 m. Germanium is another semiconductor material for which the lowest energy absorption takes place by indirect optical transitions. Indirect absorption will occur up to a threshold of 1.85 m.
the bandgap circuit has served as an essential component in most inte-grated circuits. This simple, robust idea provides a temperature-indepen-dent (TI) voltage and a proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) current. In this article, we study the principles of bandgap circuit design. A Brief History Semiconductor technology does not


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Today, Josh Kurtz, Cameron Kagay, Jenny Ebert, two of our Ugandan cooperatives (Peter Kimbugwe and Francis Lubega), and John and Jen Nyago visited the land recently purchased by our movement just outside Bombo, Uganda. It was the first time on the land for many of us, and we were pleased to find it with rich, dark soil and lush plant life. The land already has many large fruit trees (jackfruit, papaya, and banana) and water is easily accessible in the soil for plants during the rainy season because of the high water table. In hopes of developing sustainable and innovative methods in agriculture, we were very encouraged to find such a fertile soil. The land is good!
We are also surveying the land to find the best place to begin building homes. We will be building with blocks made with soil from the land (Compressed Earth Block), a sustainable and economical way of constructing homes. There is much anticipation for the months to come as the team prepares to begin building. We are truly thankful for this gift that God has given us.
Written By Cameron Kagay


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Land, resources and self-government agreements combine land claim and self-government into a single agreement. These agreements describe certain Aboriginal and Treaty rights in relation to land, resources and self-government. In addition to bringing clarity to Aboriginal ownership of land and resources, these agreements define the jurisdictions, authorities and responsibilities of Aboriginal Governments.
Self-government agreements are intended to implement the Aboriginal party's inherent right to self government. As such, self-government agreements describe the structure of Aboriginal government(s), at potentially both the community and regional levels, and describe the powers and responsibilities of the self-government(s).
Land and resources agreements (sometimes referred to as land claim agreements) provide clarity and certainty in relation to Aboriginal and Treaty rights over land and resources. These agreements bring clarity with respect to the Aboriginal party's ownership title of land and resources, cash compensation, royalties from resource development, harvesting rights and rights to participate in the regulation of the land, water, and environment.
The Aboriginal governments in the process of negotiating land, resources and self-government agreements are:


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On November 28, Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh met with Dutch Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation Liesje Schreinemacher in Ho Chi Minh City.
The host leader emphasized recent strides in bilateral ties, particularly in politics – diplomacy, trade – investment, climate change adaptation, water resource management, and sustainable agriculture, affirming that Vietnam values its complete relationship with the Netherlands.
He urged both parties to keep up the effective implementation of bilateral cooperation mechanisms while enhancing goal-oriented cooperation within the framework of the strategic partnerships on climate change adaptation and water management, as well as the strategic partnerships on sustainable agriculture and food security, which are the foundations of the countries' comprehensive partnership.
PM Chinh also suggested that the Netherlands continue to aid Vietnam in climate change adaptation, green and sustainable agriculture development, biodiversity protection, and the development of Mekong Delta seaports, green economy, and tourism.
The Netherlands remains the largest EU investor and Vietnam's second largest EU trading partner, he said, advocating for favorable conditions for Vietnamese goods such as farm produce, fishery products, and electronic equipment to join Dutch and European markets.
In order to generate momentum and open up new prospects for investment collaborations, supply chain diversity, and engagement in the green transition, digital transformation, and circular economy growth, he also voiced his hope that the Dutch parliament will quickly adopt the EU-Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement (EVIPA).


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This one of a kind plane was the first aircraft to be manufactured at Dallas Love Field by the first commercial company licensed to sell airplanes in Texas. It was developed and flown in 1927 by George W. Williams,Jr. the first man to design and build an airplane in the state. Williams, along with his brother E.K. Williams (publisher of the Temple Daily Telegraph) was well underway with construction of a 4 acre production factory here at Love Field, until the stock market crash of 1929. The "Texas Temple" monoplane was eventually built in four different versions by his Texas Aero Corporation.
This "Texas Temple" Sportsman monoplane (987N) was the last production airplane completed by the Texas Aero Corporation in 1930. It was flown in the Fort Worth/Dallas area by Ralph Doshier and Ted VonRosenberg who helped to build it. Its original 10 cylinder Anzani engine of 100 hp was obtained from Clyde Cessna. It was reconstructed from the parts of the original aircraft that Jerry Ferrel discovered at Russell Field south of Fort Worth. It is the only remaining example in the world.
This aircraft was donated by its restorer Jerry Ferrel of Temple Texas.


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Why is there a dynamic forensics program at
The answers to that question started in 1997 when several criminal justice students from the FBI asked why the college did not have a forensics program. In response, PGCC conducted a needs survey by contacting the municipal, county, state, and federal law enforcement and forensic science laboratory departments in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and West Virginia. This survey indicated a critical need of 350 forensic scientists, from crime scene investigators to forensic science specialists.
PGCC started an Associate of Applied Science degree in Forensic Science in 1999. This program is a 2-year career-tracked vocation for those students electing not to obtain a baccalaureate degree from a 4-year academic institution. However, the continued demand for baccalaureate-trained forensic science investigators prompted us to establish in 2001 an Associate of Science curriculum for students who wished to transfer to colleges that offered undergraduate degrees in forensic science.
To the best of my knowledge, PGCC is the only community college in the United States with an in-depth complementary course curriculum, encompassing some 14 forensic disciplines. This program is unique in that it has 42 adjunct forensic science professionals teaching the diverse curriculum, each of whom practices their special skills.
The core training requirements for the A.A.S. degree are that students complete 35 credit hours in criminal justice and forensic science. These courses include criminal law, criminal evidence and procedures, introduction to forensic science, crime scene investigation, DNA and fingerprint analysis, death investigation, firearms and tool-markings identification, toxicology, and an internship at a forensic crime laboratory or criminal investigation division of a police department.
The A.A.S. forensic program limits the science requirements to introduction to biology, forensic biology, and chemistry. However, the transfer program has a strong science emphasis in which the following courses are required: biology I, forensic biology, chemistry I and II, introduction to organic chemistry, physics I and II, and genetics.
The PGCC student demographics show that minorities make up 86% and females 66% of overall student enrollment. There are 485 students currently enrolled in the forensics program, 81% of which are female 78% of which are minority students.
Graduating PGCC students go on to pursue a variety of occupations, including wildlife science (Endangered Species Act), toxicology, medical insurance fraud, forensic nursing, juvenile delinquency, police crime laboratory, engineering, law, FEMA, ATF, FBI, DEA, fire departments, forensic education, physical anthropology, forensic herpetology, and forensic accounting.
For further information about the Forensic Science Program at PGCC, please send e-mail to Professor Ray Harris at _EMAIL_.


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With a range of exciting new features Kahootz 3.0 provides students with even more ways to create amazing stories, inventions, habitats, games, movies and soundtracks.
Product website: Click for the official Kahootz 3 website
Click for Product Description (or scroll down the page)
Click for System Requirements (or scroll down the page)
Kahootz 3.0 - Benefits to Schools
|Kahootz 3.0 will provide both primary and secondary schools with more enhanced functions that would enable a greater level of engagement for a broader age-range of students.
The key benefits would include:
- The introduction of authoring action variables will significantly advance the possibilities of Kahootz as a game-making tool and provide a far greater level of interactivity. This will enhance its potential in the areas of Mathematics, Science and ICT.
- The increased cultural diversity of the Kahootz 3D library of Objects will provide LOTE and SOSE teachers with greater opportunities to integrate Kahootz into the curriculum.
|• Addition of a greater range of historical Objects will allow students to recreate more History related scenarios. A greater range of food and health related Objects will also allow students to create various Health and SOSE related scenarios.
|• The ability to record a student's voice directly into Kahootz 3.0 and import various language sound files will enhance its use substantially in the LOTE area.
|• The ability for students in English activities to record their own narrative to match the actions of the Kahootz characters.
|• The ability for students to create and control 3D natural effects such as rain, snow, water, fire, and electricity will enhance its use in the Science, Environmental and SOSE areas.
Recommended requirements for Microsoft Windows Users
Pentium III or better
1 GHz or above
Windows 2000 or above
512 MB RAM, 5GB Disc, recommend 600MB free space on the Hard Drive, 20x CD-ROM drive
32 MB or more of video RAM compatible 3D graphics card
DirectX version 9 or newer with a compatible and current "second generation" 3D graphics card
16 bit graphics card 16 bit setting ( High Colour ) 1024 x 758 resolution
Direct X 9c Compatible Sound Card
Recommended requirements for Apple Macintosh Users
eMAC or better
800 MHz or above
OSX 10.2 or above
512 MB, 5 GB disk
Recommend 300MB free space on the Hard Drive
32 MB or more of video RAM
OpenGL 1.2.1 or newer
16 bit (Thousands of Colours ) setting, 1024 by 768 resolution)


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CHICAGO (WREX) — While every state grows pumpkins, no state grows them more than Illinois.
Illinois accounted for 41 percent of the nation's pumpkin crop last year, according to data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Across the state, Illinois farmers planted more than 20 square miles of pumpkins, according to the 2017 agricultural census, the most recent one available, according to NBC.
Mason County and Tazewell County, Illinois have the most amount of square miles of pumpkins harvested per county in the country, according to 2017 U.S. Census of Agriculture, USDA and QuickStats.
The 2017 USDA census shows those are two of the five counties that make up 60 percent of the state's pumpkin acreage (Stark, Peoria and Woodford counties are the other three).
In our area, Edwards Apple Orchard West says they grow about six acres of pumpkins every year. With Halloween right around the corner, the orchard says they're still receiving calls asking if they have pumpkins.
"This week it's the frantic parent calling saying 'do you still have pumpkins?' And we're like 'yes.' So this is the crunch week for parents to get their pumpkins, their jack-o-lanterns for their kids," said Lynn Edwards, the owner and operator of Edwards Apple Orchard West.
Illinois is also known for its production of smaller, sweet pumpkins known as sugar pumpkins.
According to data from the USDA's Farm Service Agency, Illinois planted almost 8 square miles of sugar pumpkins this year.
For more on where pumpkins come from, click here.


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The Technology Faculty at Mount Stromlo High School aims to provide students with engaging learning opportunities in practical environments to help students become lifelong learners. To achieve this, students are exposed to a model of learning that embraces the concepts of design, make and appraise – an approach that aims to encourage students to plan, experiment test and reflect upon the development and manufacturing processes.
In year 7 and 8 students complete an Arts and Technology Rotation comprising of Dance, Drama, Music, Visual Art, Cooking, IT, Textiles and Woodwork. In year 9 and 10 students are able to choose from a range of electives that develop skills and knowledge. Courses offered may include Web Design, Design and Technology, Furniture Making, Welding, Decorative Metalwork, Eating for Good Health, Asian Cooking, Hospitality, Fashion Design and Early Childhood.
Students are given many opportunities to showcase their work throughout the year including preparing and serving food at school functions, special lunches, and exhibiting work at school events.


How to convert compressed air consumption from Nl/minute to Nm3/hour

Compressed air consumption is often presented on pneumatic products. The consumption information should make it easier to compare products and identify the most efficient solution for a particular user's need.
Compressed air volume can be measured in different units. Within pneumatics, the volume is either presented in normal liters (Nl) or normal cubic meters (Nm3).* Compressed air consumption for products is often written in normal liters per minute or normal cubic meters an hour. It can be difficult to compare products if the compressed air consumption is written in different units. This guide should make it easier to convert compressed air consumptions between the both units.
* Normal means that the result applies a specific atmosphere pressure and a specific temperature.

Nl/min x 60 / 1000 = Nm3/h
Nm3/h / 60 x 1000 = Nl/min

Example:
1. Nl/min → Nm3/h
The product consumes 500 normal liters of compressed air per minute.
How many normal cubic meters of compressed air is this per hour?
500 Nl /minute compressed air x 60 / 1000 = 30 Nm3/hour compressed air
2. Nm3/h → Nl/min
The product consumes 30 normal cubic meters compressed air per hour.
How many normal liters of compressed air is this per minute?
30 Nm3/hour compressed air / 60 x 1000 = 500 Nl/minutes compressed air
Compressed air consumption can be used to determine compressed air costs, and return on investment savings when installing an efficient air nozzle.
Find out what your compressed air cost! Read Silvent's calculation recommendations here.
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Turtles fossilised in sex embrace
Turtles killed as they were having sex and then fossilised in position have been described by scientists.
The remains of the 47-million-year old animals were unearthed in the famous Messel Pit near Darmstadt, Germany.
They were found as male-female pairs. In two cases, the males even had their tails tucked under their partners' as would be expected from the coital position.
Details are carried in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.
Researchers think the turtles had initiated sex in the surface waters of the lake that once existed on the site, and were then overcome as they sank through deeper layers made toxic by the release of volcanic gases.
The animals, still in embrace, were then buried in the lakebed sediments and locked away in geological time.
"We see this in some volcanic lakes in East African today," explained Dr Walter Joyce of the University of Tübingen.
"Every few hundred years, these lakes can have a sudden outburst of carbon dioxide, like the opening of a champagne bottle, and it will poison everything around them."
The turtles described in Biology Letters are of the extinct species Allaeochelys crassesculpta.
They are about 20cm in length; the females are slightly bigger than the males.
Their nearest living relatives are probably the pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta), a much bigger species that swims in waters around Australia and Papua New Guinea.
A. crassesculpta is just one of thousands of exquisitely preserved fossil creatures pulled from Messel Pit, which has Unesco World Heritage status because of its palaeontological significance.
Nine pairs of turtles have been unearthed at the site over the past 30 years.
In most of the couples, the individuals were discovered in contact with each other. For the pairs that were not, the individuals were no more than 30cm apart.
"People had long speculated they might have died while mating, but that's quite different from actually showing it," said Dr Joyce.
"We've demonstrated quite clearly that each pair is a male and a female, and not, for example, just two males that might have died in combat.
"This fact combined with the observation that their back ends are always orientated toward one another, and the two pairs with tails in the position of mating - that's a smoking gun in our view."
It is said to be the only example in the fossil record of vertebrates being preserved in the act of having sex.
For invertebrates, there are numerous examples in the scientific literature of copulating insects being caught in amber, or fossilised tree resin.