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Reasons not to use VML Graphics
VML graphics can only be seen in IE5.5 and later (up to IE9) running on Windows PCs. Note that IE10, IE11 and later versions, along with Firefox, Safari, Opera, Chrome etc. cannot display VML graphics; those browsers render a down-level poor quality image if you have allowed that option, or nothing at all. A large number of users (between 20% and 45% [at end November 2009] depending on which statistics you look at) do not use IE.
VML graphics are produced by using text-boxes, WordArt, and any other object produced using the FrontPage drawing toolbar. Due to the restrictions outlined above VML should never be used in a publically accessible web site.
WordArt and ShapeArt
You can make the WordArt or Shapes in Word, then copy and paste into a graphics program (Paint is suitable if you are using Windows XP). Crop and optimise the image, then save for the web as a.jpg or.gif (use a.gif if there are less than 256 colours in the image). Import the image into FrontPage and insert where required.
Note that ShapeArt uses Absolute Positioning, which will result in the objects "moving" as the browser is resized or the browser font-size changed. The shapes may also "move" if the page is edited.
VML Text boxes
Hyperlinks placed in VML text boxes may not work at all in some browsers, particularly non-IE, and probably the older (version 5.2 and earlier) and later (v10+) versions of IE.
Sometimes the down-level image is saved without the text (if a style sheet is used that effects the text), or with a different style of text - a blank rectangle or a box with half the txt missing may be displayed in non-IE browsers.
Text Boxes are also Absolutely Positioned. The problems exist for text-boxes as for ShapeArt, but additionally there can be display problems if there is any text in the text box and the browser font-size setting is changed, or if the browser viewport size is changed.
The table below shows how VML graphics appear when placed in a table. Resizing the browser, and/or adjusting the browser setting for font-size, will show some of the problems associated with using VML.
This page has been designed for Internet Explorer 6 running in Quirks mode, with viewport set to 800x600, and Normal text size. The preferred font face is set to Tamoha, size x-small (roughly equivalent to 10pt text in Microsoft Word with 100% zoom - but points do not apply to screen sizes). Other browsers (Netscape, FireFox, Opera etc.) may display the VML objects out of place initially - this is the number one problem with VML graphics: Display in other browsers. Adjusting the text-size and browser viewport will usually, but not always, bring things back into shape. In FireFox 3 (and later versions) be sure to set "Zoom text only" from the View menu.
The WordArt will remain where it should be as the browser window changes size, and as the font size is changed (using View->Text-size from the browser's menu). But the text box appears to move around the page, or rather, the page moves around the text box.
Similarly, the arrow and heart autoshapes also appear to move around as the browser and font are resized.
In browsers other than IE5.5 and later (up to IE9) the graphics are replaced (if that option is chosen) by low quality.gif images. The Text Box, and it's contents, is replaced by a single image, which means that any links in the text box will fail in browsers like IE10, IE11, Firefox, Netscape, Konqueror, Safari, Chrome etc.
Text Box The text box is shown left, the WordArt and other shapes below.
Sometimes the text box is saved with no text, as in this example saved from VML-graphicsOK.aspx. VML-graphicsOK.aspx has been removed because the fix only works in early versions of Internet Explorer (IE7 and earlier)
heart shapeRight pointing arrow WordArt representation
Also note, if validation is important, WordArt will not display in Internet Explorer if a valid XHTML doctype is used, though the other forms of VML graphics will.


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Composite railway bridge construction
Plymouth-based Pipex px, a supplier of composite and thermoplastic products for construction projects, has manufactured a Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) footbridge to replace its steel predecessor.
The footbridge, being installed at Dawlish railway station on the South Devon seafront, is reportedly the first FRP bridge to be installed 'in station' as well as the first Grade II listed FRP bridge.
Pipex px states safety concerns were raised after the existing steel footbridge structure at Dawlish station suffered severe corrosion damage due to its close proximity to the seafront and subsequent harsh marine environment. In addition to corrosion of the main girders and roof structure, the original timber decking had rotted and the protective paintwork had broken down.
Network Rail engineers considered a number of alternative solutions, including a complete refurbishment, but Pipex px states its FRP fabrication was concluded to be the ideal solution for the project.
Pipex px manufactured the Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) footbridge for the Grade 2 listed rail station, with its design team able to successfully replicate the look of the original 1930s steel bridge.
Pipex px states the extreme durability and corrosion resistant properties of its FRP ensures that the new structure will require minimal maintenance once installed, significantly reducing overall expenditure during its design life. Significantly more lightweight than traditional steel, the Pipex px FRP bridge offers fast track installation, reducing disruption to services and customers.
Testing work has been carried out and it is hoped that the project will be fully completed by the end of November 2012.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Use ChatGPT to efficiently write a LinkedIn summary by setting up an account, preparing your information, and customizing the output. This process saves time and enhances the quality of your professional online presence.
Adding a personal touch to the AI-generated content will make your profile stand out.
Streamline the creation of your professional online presence and automate your LinkedIn profile enhancement with Bardeen.
How to Use ChatGPT to Write Your LinkedIn Summary
Creating a captivating LinkedIn summary can significantly impact your professional online presence, setting the tone for your profile and providing a snapshot of your career achievements and aspirations. In the era of artificial intelligence, leveraging tools like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, can streamline the process of crafting a compelling summary. This guide walks you through the steps to effectively use ChatGPT for enhancing your LinkedIn profile.
While manually writing a LinkedIn summary allows for a personalized touch, automating this process can save time and enhance your profile's effectiveness. Bardeen, paired with OpenAI, offers innovative automations for generating engaging professional summaries. Learn more.
Understanding ChatGPT for LinkedIn Summary Creation
ChatGPT is an AI-driven chatbot that utilizes advanced machine learning algorithms, enabling it to understand context and generate relevant text based on user prompts. It's built on the GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) series of language models, which have been trained on vast amounts of internet data. This foundation allows ChatGPT to produce text that mimics human writing styles, making it an excellent tool for drafting professional summaries.
Benefits of Using ChatGPT for Your LinkedIn Summary
Employing ChatGPT for writing your LinkedIn summary offers several advantages:
- Time Efficiency: ChatGPT can generate a polished summary faster than writing from scratch.
- Professional Quality: Leveraging its advanced language capabilities, ChatGPT ensures your summary is well-structured and engaging.
- Customization: You can provide specific inputs to tailor the summary to your career goals.
Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Your LinkedIn Summary with ChatGPT
Follow these steps to create a standout LinkedIn summary using ChatGPT:
Step 1: Setting Up an Account
Sign up for an account on the OpenAI website using an email address, Google account, or Microsoft account. The platform is free, but a premium version, ChatGPT Plus, offers additional benefits.
Step 2: Prepare Your Information
Copy sections of your resume or LinkedIn profile to provide ChatGPT with the necessary context. Use prompts like:
- "I want you to write a compelling LinkedIn summary based on my work experience section."
Step 3 (Optional): Inquire About Required Information
If you don't have a finalized resume or LinkedIn profile, ask ChatGPT what information it needs to create a personalized summary.
Step 4: Review and Personalize
Request multiple summary options from ChatGPT, review them, and combine elements you like. Then, personalize the summary by:
- Checking grammar and punctuation.
- Enhancing vocabulary for clarity.
- Improving sentence flow for readability.
Optimizing Your LinkedIn Profile with ChatGPT
After crafting your summary, consider using ChatGPT for other aspects of your LinkedIn profile, such as job descriptions, headlines, and even crafting personalized messages to connections. Remember, while ChatGPT can provide a solid foundation, adding your personal touch will make your profile truly stand out.
Discover how Bardeen can further automate your LinkedIn efforts, including ChatGPT automations with Bardeen, to ensure your profile is as effective as possible.
Utilizing AI tools like ChatGPT can significantly enhance your LinkedIn profile's effectiveness, making you more visible to potential employers and connections in your industry. By following these steps, you can create a compelling LinkedIn summary that showcases your professional identity and goals.
Automate Your LinkedIn Summary with Bardeen and OpenAI
While writing a LinkedIn summary manually allows for a personalized touch, automating this process can save time and enhance your profile's effectiveness. Bardeen, paired with OpenAI, offers innovative automations that generate engaging professional summaries. This not only streamlines content creation but ensures your profile stands out to potential employers and connections.
- Generate LinkedIn Profile Summary with OpenAI: This playbook automates the creation of a concise LinkedIn profile summary, utilizing the power of OpenAI to highlight your professional background and expertise efficiently.
Explore these automations to enhance your LinkedIn presence with minimal effort. Start by downloading the Bardeen app.
Learn how to integrate ChatGPT with HubSpot using ChatSpot for enhanced customer support, content generation, and sales prospecting. Boost productivity and insights.
Learn how to embed ChatGPT in Excel using plugins, add-ins, or the OpenAI API with VBA code to automate tasks and enhance data analysis.
Learn how to use ChatGPT to write a compelling LinkedIn summary in a few steps, enhancing your professional online presence and saving time.
Learn how to add plugins to ChatGPT Plus in 5 simple steps to enhance functionality by accessing external data and services.
Learn how to use the Zillow ChatGPT plugin for exploring real estate listings with conversational queries. Steps for ChatGPT Plus users explained.
Learn how to integrate ChatGPT with Gmail using plugins for AI-powered email drafting and responses, enhancing productivity and efficiency.
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Workflows are a series of actions triggered by you or a change in a connected app. They automate repetitive tasks you normally perform manually - saving you time.
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Creating Formulas in a Catalog
This section introduces creating formulas in a catalog. In a report that uses business view as the data source, you can also create dynamic formulas to use in the report specifically.
This topic includes the following sections:
See also Formula Fields for how to work with formulas as component in a report.
Predefining Formulas in a Catalog
You can predefine formulas in a catalog so as to use them directly in reports.
 1. Open the required catalog.
 2. In the Catalog Manager, expand the data source in which to create the formula, then:
 - Select the Formulas node or any existing formula in the data source and select New Formula on the Catalog Manager toolbar.
 - Right-click the Formulas node in the data source and select New Formula on the shortcut menu.
 3. In the Enter Formula Name dialog, provide a name for the formula and select OK. The Formula Editor appears.
 Formula Editor
 4. Compose the formula by selecting the required fields from the Fields panel (including DBFields, other formulas, summaries and parameters in the current catalog data source and some special fields), functions from the Functions panel (including the built-in functions and user defined functions), and operators from the Operators panel. When the predefined formulas, summaries and parameters cannot meet you requirement, you can create new formula, summary and parameter to be referenced by the formula using the New XXX option on the toolbar. The newly created objects are saved into the same catalog data source as the formula. You can also write the formula by yourself in the editing panel. You should have some knowledge of the formula syntax before you can successfully compose a formula with no errors.
 5. Make use of the buttons on the toolbar above the editing panel to edit the formula. To comment a line, select the Comment/Uncomment button Comment/Uncomment button on the toolbar. If you want to bookmark a line so that it can be searched easily later, select the Add Bookmark button Add Bookmark button. To check whether or not the syntax of your formula is correct, select the Check button Check button.
 6. Select OK to add the formula.
Notes:
 - If you refer to any field in the formula, the reference name for that field will be prefixed with an @ sign. If the field name contains spaces, the reference name in formula will be quoted with double-quotation marks (""). For example, if the field name is Customer Name, then the reference name will be @"Customer Name".
 - When formulas reference display names or mapping names, the names should not contain any of following characters if the names are not quoted by double-quotation marks "":
 "~", "'", "!", "@", "#", "$", "%", "^", "&", "*", "(", ")", "-", "+", "=", "{", "}", "[", "]", "|", "\\", ":", ";", "\", " ' ", "<", ",", ">", ".", "?", "/"
 Examples:
 - Expression @Customer#; will cause a syntax error. But @"Customer#" is ok.
 - If a field has the display name Category.Measure, when adding it to a formula, quote it as "Category.Measure" or "Category"."Measure".
 - The number of the "if-else" statements in a formula is limited to 190. When this number is reached, you should use the "select-case" statement instead.
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Creating Formulas in a Catalog When Needed
Besides predefining formulas in a catalog via the Catalog Manager, Logi Report Designer also provides you quick access to create formulas in a catalog from the UI where a formula list is available, for example in the Resources box of the component wizard. In this formula list, the <New Formula...> item is provided on the top. By selecting the item, you can create any formulas you want with the Formula Editor, which are then added into the current catalog.
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Referencing Parameters in Formulas
A formula which references parameters will return values according to the parameter values. To reference a parameter in a formula, follow the syntax: @ParameterName.
Assume there is a type-in parameter pCompany of String type, you can reference it in a formula to display the URL for a company dynamically.
 1. Create a formula named CompanyURL in the Formula Editor as follows:
 "http://www." + @pCompany + ".com"
 Here, you can either manually type @pCompany, or you can select it from the Parameters node in the Fields panel (if you choose this way, the @ sign will be automatically inserted).
 2. Insert the formula into a report.
 3. View the report result, and type the string Jinfonet when prompted to specify the parameter value for pCompany. You will then find that the value of the formula becomes _URL_.
There may be times you need to display the value of a multi-valued parameter. The built-in function join() assists with that. For example, the following expression will show a list of selected states separated by commas:
"Selected States : " + trim(join (@pStates,",")) + "\r\n"
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Referencing Special Fields in Formulas
You can also reference some special fields in formulas in the format fieldname. These special fields include: User Name, Print Date, Print Time, Fetch Date, Fetch Time, Modified Date, Modified Time, Record Number, Page Number, Global Page Number, Total Records and Total Fetched Records. They can all be divided into two types (page level and constant level) according to the time when their values are ready.
Page level
The value of this special field is ready at the time when the report result is generated. A formula which references a page-level special field is treated as a page-level formula. In which, the formula is calculated more than once.
The special fields of this type are: Fetch Date, Fetch Time, Print Date, Print Time, Record Number, Page Number, Global Page Number, Total Records and Total Fetched Records.
Constant level
The value of this special field is ready at any time before the engine runs. A formula which references a constant-level special field is treated as a constant-level formula, and is calculated only once.
The special fields of this type are: User Name, Modified Date and Modified Time.
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Using DBArray in Formulas
Logi Report Designer supports a multiple-value field, which contains a set of values in a single field, in a formula. Using the multiple value field is the same as using an array in a formula. You can refer to a field with multiple values as with a normal field in a formula, such as @FIELDNAME, and then use the array functions that Logi Report Designer provides in the Formula Editor to manipulate the values in it. Logi Report Designer first converts this field into a normal array, and then manipulates it in the usual way.
For example, normally an array in a formula is manually defined as follows:
Integer myArray[4]=[1, 2, 3, 4]; //Datatype ArrayName[ArraySize]=[ArrayContent];
The array may be referred to in this way:
integer myInt=3;
myInt in myArray;
If a field, named myField for example, contains a similar array value, it can be referred to similarly:
integer myInt=3;
myInt in @myField;
If you want to display all the values of an array, you can use the join() function to return a string of all the values.
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Formula Examples
Example 1: TerritoryUSA
In your sales report, you want Logi Report to print out which territory the customer belongs to according to the abbreviated state names stored in the State field. You can write the formula as follows:
if (@State in ["CT", "ME", "MA", "NH", "NY", "RI", "VT"]) {
 "NorthEast, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["DC", "DE", "MD", "NJ", "PA", "VA"]) {
 "MidAtlantic, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["CO", "ID", "KS", "MT", "NE", "NV", "NM", "ND", "SD", "UT"]) {
 "Rockies, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["AZ", "AR", "LA", "MO", "OK", "TX"]) {
 "South, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["AL", "FL", "GA", "MS", "NC", "SC"]) {
 "SouthEast, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["AK", "CA", "HI", "OR", "WA"]) {
 "West, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["IL", "IN", "LA", "KY", "MI", "MN",


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Galway was a busy place when it came to fairs and markets. These were occasions when Town met Country - when rural people came into Galway with their produce, and tried to convert it into cash. Some of this money would be spent on various necessities which were available in the city, some was probably spent on porter, and the rest saved for a rainy day.
In the mid-nineteenth century, there were regular cattle fairs at Fairhill in the Claddagh. Later they moved to Eyre Square, where they often spilled onto adjoining streets like Williamsgate Street or Forster Street. Later again, these fairs moved to the Fairgreen. The Square also hosted pig fairs, horse fairs and sheep fairs, and remember, if the farmer did not sell, he had to drive the animals all the way home again. Haymarkets were major events in the Square, at a time when the city people moved around on horseback, or in carriages. The large weighing scales were regularly used to measure and weigh cartloads of hay.
The Fishmarket was built especially to cater for Claddagh fishermen and their catches, or more specifically the Claddagh women who sold the fish. They would congregate there with all kinds of baskets of fish and sell to the townspeople. Some of these women would wander through the town, or out to Salthill with scibs on their heads callingout "Fresh fish, fresh mackerel, fresh cod" etc. selling from door to door. They would have each have had their own pitch.
The fruit and vegetable and poultry market has been a feature of Galway life for generations now. Time was when the Christmas fowl market was one of the busiest trading days in Galway as people bought their Christmas turkeys and potatoes and vegetables.Attached to this was a small egg and salted country butter market, usually along Church Street, where countrywomen sold buttermilk as well. The character of the market began to change in the fifties when some families came to sell crockery and cutlery (often seconds). Their ways of calling out the product and distracting passersby added considerably to the atmosphere. You can still buy your spuds here but now you can get crepes and cheeses and curries and other exotics.
The turf market was another important event. Townspeople needed fuel to cook with and heat their homes, so there were special days when cartloads of turf were sold in Eyre Square and also at Raven Terrace.
There was a regular potatoe market in Woodquay, to which many travelled down the river by boat to sell their produce. There was also a basket market here on a Saturday where they sold baskets of various shapes and sizes, many being made in Moycullen. There was also a potatoe market at The Small Crane where the large weighing scales were much used as farmers from Barna or Rahoon sold to shopkeepers or individual customers.
The worst kind of fair was that which dealt in humans�.the hiring fair.Groups of labourers known as Spailpins gathered at the railings opposite the Skeff in the Square, offering themselves for hire to farmers from east or south of the city, or to oyster growers from Clarinbridge. There can't have been much dignity there.
Today's photograph is of a sock market in Eyre Square. Country women knitted strong warm comfortable woollen men's socks, and sold them from here, or from a pitch outside Joe Young's in Eglinton Street, the monies collected being vital to their home economics. Just imagine all the bartering and bargaining that went on!
Please forward any queries/comments to _EMAIL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The objective is to develop an innovative Stamping die concept based on a modular / reconfigurable and low cost approach for the manufacturing of aluminium hot stamped wing ribs ready to fly.
Technologies applied shall consider:
§ Economic and environmental sustainability: moulds at an affordable cost using materials and processes sustainable with the environment (e.g. less raw material)
§ Productivity: reliable moulds that allow increasing the productivity and reducing maintenance periods / costs.
§ Monitoring to control process parameters and also health monitoring of the mould itself.
Flexibility (different shape configurations of the mould), facilitate mounting and dismounting, customization and functionalization.


Crystal ball
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the fortune telling object. For other uses, see Crystal ball (disambiguation).
For the guideline that Wikipedia is not a crystal ball, see WP:CRYSTALBALL.
The Crystal Ball by John William Waterhouse.
A crystal ball, also known as an orbuculum, is a crystal or glass ball and common fortune telling object.[a] It is generally associated with the performance of clairvoyance and scrying in particular.
The earliest use of a crystal ball can be first attributed to the Celtic Druids who divined the future and omens with beryl balls.[1]
In the 1st century AD, Pliny the Elder describes use of crystal balls by soothsayers ("crystallum orbis", later written in Medieval Latin by scribes as orbuculum).[2] By the 5th century AD, scrying was widespread within the Roman Empire and was condemned by the early medieval Christian Church as heretical.[3]
Dr. John Dee was a noted British mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and consultant to Queen Elizabeth I. He devoted much of his life to alchemy, divination, and Hermetic philosophy, of which the use of crystal balls was often included.[4]
Art of scrying[edit]
Main articles: Scrying and Crystal gazing
Photograph of a quartz crystal ball of the type commonly used for divination or scrying
The art or process of "seeing" is known as "scrying", whereby images are claimed to be seen in crystals, or other media such as water, and are interpreted as meaningful information. The "information" gleaned then is used to make important decisions in one's life (i.e. love, marriage, finances, travel, business, etc.).[5]
When the technique of scrying is used with crystals, or any transparent body, it is known as crystallomancy or crystal gazing.
In stage magic[edit]
Crystal balls are popular props used in mentalism acts by stage magicians. Such routines, in which the performer answers audience questions by means of various ruses, are known as crystal gazing acts. One of the most famous performers of the 20th century, Claude Alexander, was often billed as "Alexander the Crystal Seer".
A transparent sphere of any material with refractive index greater than one brings parallel rays of light to a rough focus (that is, a focus with significant coma). For typical values of the refractive index, this focus is usually very near the surface of the sphere, on the side diametrically opposite to where the rays entered. If the refractive index is greater than 2, the focus is inside the sphere, so the brightest accessible point is on its surface directly opposite the source of light. However, few materials have that property. For most materials, the focus is slightly outside the sphere. The closer the refractive index is to 2, the closer the focus is to the surface of the sphere, and hence the brighter the spot formed on an object touching the sphere.
This effect is used in the Campbell–Stokes recorder to record the brightness of sunlight by burning the surface of a piece of cardboard placed near the sphere. The same effect can occur with a crystal ball that is brought into full sunlight; it may either burn a hand that is holding it, or even start a fire if it is resting on or very near dark-coloured flammable material.[6]
Famous crystal balls in history[edit]
A crystal ball lies in the Royal Sceptre of Scotland that is said to have been originally possessed by pagan druids.[1]
Philadelphia's University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology displays the third largest crystal ball[7] as the central object in its Chinese Rotunda. Weighing 55 pounds, the sphere is made of quartz crystal from Burma and was shaped through years of constant rotation in a semi-cylindrical container filled with emery, garnet powder, and water. The ornamental treasure was purportedly made for the Empress Dowager Cixi (_PHONE_) during the Qing dynasty in the 19th century, but no evidence as to its actual origins exists. In 1988, the crystal ball and an ancient Egyptian statuette,[8] which depicted the god Osiris were stolen from the Penn Museum, but were recovered three years later with no damage done to either object.[9]
The largest flawless quartz sphere is in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., United States
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Sometimes further referred to as a shew stone (or show stone – "shew" is an archaic spelling of "show").
 1. ^ a b Sibyl Ferguson (30 June 2005). Crystal Ball: Stones, Amulets, And Talismans For Power, Protection, and Prophecy. Weiser Books. pp. 59–60, 29. ISBN 978-1-57863-348-7.
 2. ^ Pliny the Elder (1831). Caii Plinii Secundi Historiæ naturalis libri xxxvii, cum selectis comm. J. Harduini ac recentiorum interpretum novisque adnotationibus. p. 579. Retrieved 7 November 2015. (Latin)
 3. ^ a b "Crystal gazing". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
 4. ^ John Dee's Crystal Ball
 5. ^ Chauran, Alexandra. Crystal Ball Reading for Beginners: A Down To Earth Guide. Woodbury, Minnesota: Llewellyn Publications, 2011.
 6. ^ Associated Press (29 January 2004). "Crystal Ball Starts Fire at Okla. Home". The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
 7. ^ "Crystal Sphere". University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
 8. ^ "Statue". University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
 9. ^ "Penn Museum Crystal Ball, Statue Stolen Guard Ignored Burglar Alarms". Retrieved 21 September 2014.
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]


18. Creus de Mas Ventós
Discovery: These insculptures are not recorded in any official inventory, but they are more known due to its easy access. They are located on the picnic area of Mas Ventós. There are several engraved stone groups.
Location and environment: A group of insculptures found on a bench next to Mas Ventós. Another group is situated on some stones in the middle of the picnic area, near the pond.
Appearance: Several schist stones, some bonded to the output and others separated from it. The insculpture is shallow, made by percussion with a stone tool. There are numerous motifs: lone cup marks, cup marks with grooves, and a lot of cruciform shapes.
Building era: An approximate chronology contemporary to the closest dolmens.


How to calculate rental yield - Pearl Financial
How to calculate rental yield
By Shane | Investing
Sep 10
Whether you're a seasoned property investor, or you're just getting started on the property investment journey, then you've probably heard the term 'rental yield'. Read on to discover what rental yield is and how to calculate it.
Understanding the rental yield of a property helps you assess the income and cash flow potential of that particular property.
What is 'rental yield'?
Rental yield is a measure of the income that a property generates each year as a percentage of the property's value. Since the formula can be applied to all properties that generate an income, it can be used to compare investment opportunities.
It's important to remember that capital growth isn't considered in the rental yield calculation.
How to calculate 'rental yield'
There are two numbers you need to be able to calculate rental yield:
 1. The annual rent that the property will receive (if you only know the weekly rent, take that number and multiply it by 52 e.g. if the property rents for $500 per week, then the annual rent will be $500 x 52 = $26,000)
 2. The value of the property
Once you have these two numbers, you can plug them into the following formula:
Gross Rental Yield = Annual rent / property value x 100
Let's work through an example.
Assume you have a property valued at $500,000 that is currently rented at $500 per week. We have already calculated above that the annual rent in this scenario is $26,000 so all we need to do is plug the value into the formula. Therefore:
Gross Rental Yield = $26,000 / $500,000 x 100
Gross Rental Yield = 5.2%
This means that the property generates income equal to 5.2% of the property's value.
Is Gross Rental Yield the same as Net Rental Yield?
Nope, gross rental yield doesn't take into account the expenses of the property. This means that if a property has a high rental yield but also has high expenses then it's net rental yield may not be the same as a comparable property that has lower expenses.
I will run you through how to calculate Net Rental Yield in another article.
About the Author


Marijuana Cultivation And Grow Operations
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Experienced Defense For Those Facing Marijuana Cultivation Charges
While attitudes toward marijuana are loosening throughout the nation, in the state of Minnesota it is still a crime to do a variety of things with the drug, including being involved with its cultivation. As is the case with many drug crimes, the penalties associated with a conviction for this crime can be harsh. Matthew J. Mankey from the Mankey Law Office understands how a conviction for drug cultivation can negatively impact your future.
If you are charged with cultivating marijuana you could be charged in state or federal court, and in addition to fines you could face incarceration. Each jurisdiction has its own charging and sentencing guidelines, which take into consideration the size of the grow operation.
Penalties For A Conviction In A State Court
Just how severe the potential penalties for a conviction are in state court depends on the weight of the plants found. The heavier the aggregate weight of the plants, the more serious the punishment. Misdemeanor charges could lead to a fine of $1,000 and/or 90 days in jail, while the most serious felony could result in a fine of $1 million and 30 years in prison.
Penalties For A Conviction In Federal Court
In federal court, the determining factor in the sentence for someone found guilty of marijuana cultivation is a bit different. Rather than the weight of the plants, it is based on the number of plants. Fines can range from $250,000 to $1 million and incarceration from five years to life.
Take Action To Protect Your Future
Charges connected to growing or cultivating marijuana should be taken seriously. Attorney Matthew Mankey understands that if you have been charged with a drug crime you have a lot to lose. If you are in Minneapolis or the western suburbs, call the Mankey Law Office at _PHONE_ to speak to a lawyer, or send an email to schedule a free initial consultation.


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- To review colours and practise describing the colours of things.
- To practise describing a person's appearance.
Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Using the flashcards, check that you remember their meanings.
In Lesson 27 you learned the main words for colours. You are about to fine tune your command of these terms, so review Lesson 27 first to make sure you can automatically produce them. Here are two ways you can talk in a more nuanced, more precise way about colours.
1. In Indonesian, dark colours are "old" (tua) and light colours are "young" (muda).
|Blusnya kuning tua.
Her blouse is dark yellow.
|or||Blusnya berwarna kuning tua.
Her blouse is dark yellow in colour.
|Atap rumahnya biru muda.
His house has a blue roof.
Atap rumahnya berwarna biru muda.
2. In English you can use the suffix "-ish" to describe something that has a certain hue or tinge, for example "reddish", "greenish", "yellowish" etc. In Indonesian you produce a similar effect by 1 reduplicating the adjective and 2 nesting it between the affixes keand –an.
He has reddish hair.
Orang yang mempunyai penyakit hati kulitnya menjadi kekuning-kuningan.
A yellowish skin tone develops in people suffering from liver disease.
Here are some of the very common adjectives that can be used to talk about someone's appearance. (You have met and practised some of them already.) Check that you know the meanings of all of them.
|Someone's general proportions||tinggi, pendek, besar, kecil, biasa|
|Someone's general appearance||cantik, ganteng, jelek, biasa, kurus, gemuk|
|The appearance of someone's hair||botak, panjang, pendek, lurus, keriting|
|The colour of someone's hair||hitam, pirang, putih, kemerah-merahan, coklat tua|
|The colour of someone's skin||putih, kuning langsat, sawo matang, hitam manis|
|The colour of someone's eyes||hitam, coklat, biru, kehijau-hijauan|
Translate these sentences into good Indonesian. Remember two things: 1. with a tiny number of special exceptions, the adjective follows the noun in Indonesian, and 2. "to have" is often expressed with the possessive suffix –nya. First check the model below.
Cue sentence: She has very long hair.
You write: Dia itu rambutnya panjang sekali.
or (more commonly) Rambutnya panjang sekali.
Imagine that you are a police officer (polisi). You have to describe a fugitive criminal (penjahat) to journalists, to the public or to fellow police officers. Your description should cover sex, age, place of origin, height, whether the person is fat or thin, hair colour, eye colour, complexion and what the person is wearing. Your description might begin like this (as you repeat the role play, you should radically vary this opening):
Selamat pagi (siang/sore/malam) Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu. Nama saya Ridwan. Saya kepala kantor polisi di sini. Kami sedang mencari seorang penjahat dari Wonosobo bernama Joko yang dicari karena mencuri mobil. Dia berumur kira-kira 25 (dua puluh lima) tahun. Tinggi badannya 170 (seratus tujuh puluh) sentimeter dan agak gemuk. Dia berkulit sawo matang dengan rambut lurus dan pendek. Ia memakai kemeja lengan pendek, (etc. etc. etc.) ….
The police officer should conclude by saying something like this:
Saya minta tolong kepada Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu kalau melihat orang ini, segera hubungi kami di nomor _PHONE_ (dua empat lima tujuh dua tujuh delapan). Terima kasih. Ada pertanyaan?
The "audience" now quizzes the speaker, asking for clarification and more details. There are many kinds of questions you can ask, but two important ones that relate to recent lessons are:
1. use memakai to ask about what the fugitive is/was wearing. For example
2. Use –nya constructions to ask about what kind of personal features and clothes the fugitive has. For example
|Joko itu||rambutnya keriting?|
|Apakah||penjahat itu||berbaju biru?|
'Light Red' is, as we have learned above, merah muda. More common, however, is it to refer to a pinkish colour with the term merah jambu. Jambu air is the name of the fruit very closely related to the Malay apple, which in Hawai'i is known as the mountain apple. The fruit with the Latin name Syzygium aqueum is juicy and slightly sweet-sour and is often part of the spicy fruit salad called rujak.
Of course you should also try to re-cycle all the kinds of questions you have practised so far, for example questions beginning with:
Di mana ….
Siapa yang ….
Hari apa / Tanggal berapa / Jam berapa / Kapan ….
Apakah ada ….
and many more.
The prefix berforms intransitive verbs (that is verbs that cannot take an object) such as berangkat (to leave), bekerja (to work), berhenti (to stop), belajar (to study), berenang (to swim), bertemu (to meet), berpikir (to think), berdiri (to stand), berbelanja (to shop), bersiap-siap (to get ready), beristirahat (to rest), bersisir (to comb).
A large group of berverbs is based on nouns and has the general meaning "to have/own [base]":
bersuami to have a husband
berumur be aged
bernama be named
beranak have children
berguna to be useful
berhasil to have success, to succeed
A subgroup of this group means "to use, wear, travel by [base]":
bertopi to wear a hat
berdasi to wear a tie
bersepatu to wear shoes
berkacamata to wear glasses
berbaju to wear a shirt
berkuda to ride a horse
bersepeda to ride a bicycle
Adjectives or possessive nouns can be added:
berkacamata hitam to wear sunglasses
berbaju biru to wear a blue shirt
bertopi koboi to wear a cowboy hat
bersepeda balap to ride a racing bike
Instead of using berone can of course also use memakai or naik:
Anak itu berkacamata minus. / Anak itu memakai kacamata minus.
That child wears minus (myopic) glasses.
Toni setiap hari bersepeda ke kantor. / Toni setiap hari naik sepeda ke kantor.
Every day Toni goes to his office by bike.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Bailiff, I. K. (2007) 'Methodological developments in the luminescence dating of brick from English late medieval and post medieval buildings.', Archaeometry., 49 (4). pp. 827-851.
Fired clay brick samples, obtained from a group of seven high-status late-medieval and post-medieval buildings in England ranging in age from c. ad 1390 to 1740, were dated by the luminescence method using an optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique. The results obtained indicate that, when applied to quartz extracted from brick, the technique is capable of producing dates that are in consistently good agreement with independent dating evidence for the buildings. For six samples taken from a group of four dating 'control' buildings the mean difference between the central values of luminescence and assigned ages was 5 ± 10 years (SD, n = 6). The methodology used is appropriate for application to other standing buildings in other temporal and geographic regions, and may be used with confidence where conventional dating methods are less certain. The study also examines the luminescence characteristics of quartz and the characteristics of the lithogenic radionuclides in brick samples and identifies various aspects related to the assessment of experimental uncertainty in testing the reliability of the method.
|Keywords:||Luminescence dating, Fired clay brick, Late-medieval, Post-medieval.|
|Full text:||PDF - Accepted Version (349Kb)|
|Publisher Web site:||_URL_
|Record Created:||01 Apr 2009|
|Last Modified:||31 Aug 2011 09:12|
|Social bookmarking:||Export: EndNote, Zotero | BibTex|
|Usage statistics||Look up in GoogleScholar | Find in a UK Library|


text:
What's The Real Story Behind the Term 'Kangaroo Court?'
Hopefully you'll never be tried by a kangaroo court. And no, that doesn't mean the jury will be made up of boxing marsupials.
A 'kangaroo court' is a law court set up to look like justice is being served, when in fact the proceedings are a farce, held only for the sake of appearances. It's also held in baseball clubhouses to hand down penalties for poor play. There seems to be several theories out there as to how this expression got started. Let's take a look at a few.
An Australian Origin?
Since kangaroos are found only in Australia, you would think the term does in fact come from Down Under. When settlers were first making their way across the Outback, they would hold 'hopper's courts' from time to time, when there was some legal trouble that needed resolving. 'Hopper' most likely refers to kangaroos, but unfortunately there is a lack of written documentation, or evidence, that proves this term was in fact used by early European pioneers in Australia, although many claim it was.
Animals That Likes To Stare
So what do kangaroos have in common with a jury of your peers? Well, apparently when a roo, or a boomer encounters a human being, it will halt in its tracks and gape blankly at the person in question for a long time, before eventually skipping off. Perhaps that vacant stare is reminiscent of the looks jurors get when they are mulling over the facts of a difficult case.
An American Origin
Americans in the 19th century knew about kangaroos, even if they'd never see one before, and their famed jumping abilities. It seems the term sprung into usage around the 1850s, during the California Gold Rush, to describe 'claim jumpers.' Claim jumpers were people who grabbed the land rights of others, especially mineral rights. Kangaroo courts might have been set up by those involved in the mining profession to deal with these jumpers.
Modern Day Kangaroo Courts
These days it seems you most often read about kangaroo courts when some dictator wants to give the appearance of serving justice, when in fact the decisions the 'court' will eventually arrive at have been decided well ahead of time. Perhaps the 'kangaroos' being referred to are simply the wild jumps in logical these types of proceedings tend to make.
Regardless of the true origins of this term, try not to become the defendant in one of these trials, because the ruling won't go in your favor. Best avoid tangles with the law in places where kangaroo courts prevail.


text:
Autism, ADHD and Alzheimer's Object Labels – WixPix® are effective visual communication tools that depict common items, places and actions. Unlike flashcards or other picture tools, they stick to a range of surfaces without tape or other adhesives.
Autism, ADHD and Alzheimer's Object Labels – WixPix® enable individuals to better express their own needs, including objects they desire; activities they want to complete; or where they want to go. They simply choose the appropriate label and stick it to a nearby surface. Stickwix® labels are both durable and flexible.
WixPix® Autism and ADHD Objects Labels come in convenient packs of themed labels.
NOTE: Background of Labels are white, images on the website may show a different hue/shadow for the background color.


text:
The statements offered by QS150 cover the diagnostic reporting and organisation of haematological cancer services for people of all ages and managing haematological cancers in people aged 16 years and older. It is expected to contribute to improvements in the following outcomes:
- overall survival of haematological cancers
- treatment-related morbidity of haematological cancers
- quality of life of people with haematological cancers
- patient management of haematological cancers.
The standards set by QS151 cover oral health, including dental health and daily mouth care, for adults in care homes. It is expected to contribute to improvements in the following outcomes:
- health-related quality of life
- oral health-related quality of life
- social interaction and communication.


text:
Lincoln Historic Site
Lincoln Historic Site is unique in that it manages most of the historical buildings in the community of Lincoln. This most widely visited state monument in New Mexico is part of a community frozen in time—the 1870's and 1880's. Through a gift from the Hubbard Family Trust, the historic site now includes 17 structures and outbuildings, 4 of which are open year round and 2 more seasonally as museums. Most of the buildings in the community are representative of the Territorial Style of adobe architecture in the American Southwest.
Lincoln is a town made famous by one of the most violent periods in New Mexico history. Today's visitors can see the Old Lincoln County Courthouse with museum exhibits that recount the details of the Lincoln County War and the historic use of the "House" as store, residence, Masonic Lodge, courthouse, and jail. Walk in the footsteps of Billy the Kid, Pat Garrett, and other famous and infamous characters of the Wild West. Trace the events of 1878 through the Courthouse and the Tunstall Store, with their preserved 19th-century atmosphere.
Remarkably, the Tunstall Store contains displays of the original 19th-century merchandise in the original shelving and cases! Continue your walk through history by visiting the Dr. Woods House, defensive torreón (tower) for the village, the San Juan Mission Church (you can also enjoy holiday Episcopal and Catholic Mass here), and the Montaño store. The Anderson-Freeman Museum features historical exhibits in a timeline starting with American Indian prehistory and ending with the Lincoln County War. A 20 minute video about the Lincoln County War and the community is shown throughout the day.
The importance of this community and the significance of the Bonito Valley in the prehistory and history of the Territory of New Mexico are interpreted within some of the 17 structures that comprise Lincoln Historic Site. These historic adobe and stone buildings are preserved as they were in the late 1800s and represent the factions involved in the Lincoln County War, _PHONE_.
Hours and Days of Operation:
Open 8:30am to 4:30pm 7 days a week.
Closed New Year's Day, Easter, Thanksgiving, and Christmas Day.
$5. Free to NM residents on the first Sunday of each month. Children 16 and under are always admitted free. Wednesday admission is free to New Mexico Seniors with ID. Cash, credit cards, and checks accepted at the Visitor Center and Courthouse.
Ranger talks will run from Memorial Day Weekend to Labor Day Weekend, 2015. Times and titles will be posted at the Visitor Center, Courthouse Museum, and Tunstall Store.
Tour Lincoln Historic Site After Dark!!
Lincoln Historic Site


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I want to check if a string only contains the sign in the above expression, just want to make sure no more weird sign like #%&/() are in the strings.
I am wondering if there's any difference between these two regular expression? Did the beginning and ending sign matter? Will it affect the result somehow?
share|improve this question
When inside of []s, it's best to put the '-' character, when used to match the character '-', at the end of the [], as in [A-Za-z0-9_-]. Otherwise it's possible to misread your form as "9 to underscore" before seeing that it's actually '0 to 9, -, and '. It also sometimes happens that people change, say, 'A-C-' to 'ABC-_' and forget that changing the first - affects how the second is interpreted. – Andrew Dalke Dec 14 '11 at 17:44
3 Answers 3
up vote 1 down vote accepted
The beginning and end sign match the beginning and end of a String.
The first will match any String that contains zero or more ocurrences of the class [A-Za-z0-9-_] (basically any string whatsoever...).
The second will match an empty String, but not one that contains characters not defined in [A-Za-z0-9-_]
share|improve this answer
Python regular expressions are anchored at the beginning of strings (like in many other languages): hence the ^ sign at the beginning doesn't make any difference. However, the $ sign does very much make one: if you don't include it, you're only going to match the beginning of your string, and the end could contain anything – including the characters you want to exclude. Just try re.match("[a-z0-9]", "abcdef/%&").
In addition to that, you may want to use a regular expression that simply excludes the characters you're testing for, it's much safe (hence [^#%&/()] – or maybe you have to do something to escape the parentheses; can't remember how it works at the moment).
share|improve this answer
Python offers two match methods, match and search - make sure you use the right one, as search is not anchored. – Mark Ransom Dec 14 '11 at 15:40
Yes it will. A regex can match anywhere in its input. # will match in your first regex.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
A study of the causes of teacher attrition in regular and special education in Wisconsin
The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the study was undertaken to determine an accurate picture of teacher attrition in Wisconsin based on information from the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction's (DPI) data base. Secondly, the study sought to discover causes of teacher attrition in Wisconsin and to determine whether special education and regular education teachers left for similar reasons. The study determined attrition rates of regular and special education teachers over a three year period (_PHONE_) using the DPI data base. A survey was then sent to a random sample of 400 teachers (100 regular education teachers and 100 special education teachers who remained in teaching; 100 regular education teachers and 100 special education teachers who left teaching). Principal components analysis and Alpha factoring was used to reduce the 37 variables included in the survey to thirteen factors. On the basis of these factors, discriminant analysis was used to determine whether accurate predictions could be made as to whether a teacher left or remained in teaching. This research considered several hypotheses about teacher attrition. The first nine hypotheses differences in attrition rates of special and regular education teachers, teachers with emergency or full certification, teachers in rural and urban areas, teachers certified at the elementary, middle school, or secondary levels, teacher age, teachers certified in each subject area, teachers with graduate or undergraduate training, experienced and non-experienced regular education teachers, and special education teachers with and without regular education experience. These hypotheses were tested using data from the DPI data base and the survey. Other hypotheses dealt with conditions of the teaching profession such as salary; administrative, parental, and professional support; recognition of and feedback on job performance; vacation time; duties required outside of the classroom; opportunity to work on curriculum development; and autonomy. These hypotheses were tested using the results of the survey. Findings indicated significantly higher attrition rates for special education teachers, teachers on emergency certification, teachers under the age of 35, teachers at the secondary level, music and foreign language teachers, teachers with undergraduate training, and regular education teachers with less than six years experience. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
Linda Kuzan Metzke,
"A study of the causes of teacher attrition in regular and special education in Wisconsin"
(January 1, 1988).
Dissertations (1962 - 2010) Access via Proquest Digital Dissertations.


text:
The Australia Institute has reviewed economic modelling of climate policies released today by Brian Fisher of BAEconomics. The Institute's review shows that BAEconomics' modelling is based on flawed assumptions and its conclusions are not valid.
Key problems with BAEconomics model:
- Does not incorporate rapidly declining costs of renewable energy, storage and electric vehicle. Minimal disclosure of modelling approach on clean tech improvements.
- Assumes aging and unreliable fossil fuel generators become more efficient each year.
- Assumes ongoing growth in coal production – despite Australian thermal coal production having peaked in 2015.
"While there is legitimate debate on the best climate policy for Australia, it must be based on facts," said Richie Merzian, Climate & Energy Program Director at The Australia Institute.
"The Energy Minister has the entire public service at his disposal. It is strange that he prefers the work of a consultant to the Minerals Council to the research of his own department."
"BAEconomics assume firming costs for renewable energy up to $200 MWh when the Government-owned Snowy 2.0 is offering firmed renewable contracts at $70MWh," said Rod Campbell, Research Director at The Australia Institute.
"There is simply no evidence for the claim that a 45% emissions target would be an 'economy wrecking target.' In fact, Australia Institute research finds that Australia can reduce emissions by far more than 45% with minimal impact on the economy."
Luciana Lawe Davies Media Adviser


text:
Learn something new every day
More Info... by email
Poisson's ratio deals with the way stretching or compressing an object in one direction causes it to compress or stretch in the other direction. The ratio measures the extent of this effect in a particular substance. This can vary considerably, and the ratio can even be negative, usually in man-made substances.
The technical definition of Poisson's ratio is "the ratio of transverse contraction strain to longitudinal expansion strain." This sounds complicated, but describes a fairly simple effect. To picture it, imagine a piece of rubber, such as that used in a rubber band. When you stretch the band, it becomes both narrower and longer. The relationship between these two changes is what's measured by Poisson's ratio.
In reality, Poisson's ratio applies in three dimensions. In the rubber band example, the thickness of the stretched band also decreases – it's just harder to see. To picture the effect in three dimensions, imagine taking a pet toy in the shape of a cube and squeezing two opposite sides. The cube will get contract in the direction between these two sides, but will expand in the other two directions.
In most cases, Poisson's ratio is positive, meaning a material stretches in one direction by a greater degree than it contracts in other directions. There are a couple of explanations for this, using different scientific approaches. A simple explanation is that most materials are better able to resist the compression than they are to resist the stretching. A more complicated explanation is that the bonds between the atoms in the structure become realigned during the process of stretching and compressing.
In most cases, a material's Poisson ratio will range between 0 and 0.5. Among common materials, rubber has a Poisson ratio very close to 0.5, whereas steel has one of 0.3 and cork is much closer to 0. This is why wine corks are made of cork: it can withstand the pressure from the neck of the bottle without stretching vertically and jamming in place.
It is possible to have a negative Poisson ratio. Materials displaying this quality are known as auxetics. With such materials, stretching them in one direction will actually cause them to expand in other directions. It's suspected that living bone tissue is an auxetic, though this is difficult to prove. There are also several man-made auxetic substances, most notably the polymers used in Gore-Tex waterproof clothing.
Poisson's ratio is used in more complicated ways in several fields of science. When you bend an object in one direction, Poisson's ratio affects the way the object curves in the perpendicular direction. The ratio also affects the way stress waves travel through substances such as rock, meaning it has some important uses in geology.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK!


text:
Today, a video from Saab highlighting the powerful uses of highly accurate 3d mapping technology. Pretty soon, I'm hoping we see mapping technology like this combined with photo and street level toplology databases like Google Street View to create an interactive real world 3d environment. Pair that up with the sophisticated rendering engine from the latest video game – such as the CryEngine2, and suddenly you could have the entire world free to virtually roam aroundthe possibilities are endless, and are getting us closer and closer to the vision of "The 13th Floor" or "The Matrix".
With Saab's Rapid 3D Mapping, a 3D map of the overflown terrain is automatically generated by the system within hours of the flight. It is possible to generate 3D maps over large areas as the process is rapid and fully automated.
Data registration is achieved either by utilizing dedicated registration equipment or existing sensors carried by an aeroplane, helicopter and/or a UAV, such as Skeldar or Skylark. The accuracy of the result depends on the sensors available. For an aeroplane, the typical coverage is 100 km² per hour with a resolution of 0.1 m at ground level.
The processing time for the 3D map is five times the flying time, using a fully automated process. Depending on the requested resolution, as well as the size of the covered area, the 3D map will be ready from just a few minutes to a few hours. The 3D model can be generated on the battlefield if required.
The 3D map is a geo-referenced and measurable image-based map with an accuracy of 0.3 m. This data provides superior situational awareness to support the mission. For example, it is possible to zoom in on important areas to support and plan a reconnaissance mission in the actual terrain.


text:
QALYs and carers
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- PharmacoEconomics, 2011, 29 (12), pp. 1015 - 1023
- Issue Date:
When going 'beyond the patient', to measure QALYs for unpaid carers, a number of additional methodological considerations and value judgements must be made. While there is no theoretical reason to restrict the measurement of QALYs to patients, decisions have to be made about which carers to consider, what instruments to use and how to aggregate and present QALYs for carers and patients. Current, albeit limited, practice in measuring QALY gains to carers in economic evaluation varies, suggesting that there may be inconsistency in judgements about whether interventions are deemed cost effective.While conventional health-related quality-of-life tools can, in theory, be used to estimate QALYs, there are both theoretical and empirical concerns over the suitability of their use with carers. Measures that take a broader view of health or well-being may be more appropriate. Incorporating QALYs of carers in economic evaluations may have important distributional consequences and, therefore, greater normative discussion over the appropriateness of incorporating these impacts is required. In the longer term, more flexible forms of cost-per-QALY analysis may be required to take account of the broader impacts on carers and the weight these impacts should receive in decision making. © 2011 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:


text:
They also note that only about 25 percent of Marin's greenhouse gas emissions are caused by electricity use, while cars and other vehicles account for 62 percent of the emissions.
Prior to the formation of the Marin Energy Authority, the county of Marin compared Marin Clean Energy's potential for cutting greenhouse gases to existing alternatives. These included: changes in county building codes that require the use of energy-saving designs and equipment; Marin Energy Watch Partnership, a program funded by California utility ratepayers that
All of these efforts combined would cut Marin's greenhouse gas emissions by just 17,908 tons per year by 2019, the analysis showed. That compares with between 237,374 tons per year and 534,000 tons per year under Marin Clean Energy.
John Dalessi, a director in Navigant Consulting's energy practice, said Marin Clean Energy's biggest cuts in greenhouse gases would come with construction of its own renewable electricity
"Short-term, it's more of an accounting exercise," Dalessi said. Navigant Consulting helped write the Marin Clean Energy business plan.
Marin County Supervisor Charles McGlashan, who serves as chairman of the Marin Energy Authority board, said, "The elegance of Marin Clean Energy is that it takes no general fund, taxpayer money. In a pain-free manner for ratepayers, we redirect revenue and get an enormous reduction in greenhouse gas."


setup-storage
NAME
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
ENVIRONMENT
FILES
EXAMPLES
SYNTAX
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
NAME
setup-storage - automatically prepare storage devices
SYNOPSIS
setup-storage [-X] [-f filename] [-d] [-h] [-s] [-D disks] [-L directory]
DESCRIPTION
Using FAI disk_config files, setup-storage computes effective partition and volume sizes and executes the necessary commands to configure storage devices. It manages disk drives as well as RAID and LVM volumes plus encryption and tmpfs. It handles following filesystems: ext2/3/4, vFAT(FAT32), msdos(FAT16), reiserFS, XFS and BTRFS but is flexible enough to be extended to further types as well. Once the storage devices are prepared, an appropriate fstab(5) (and possibly also a crypttab(5) file is generated.
Without the -X parameter setup-storage runs in test-only mode and does not execute commands other than writing disk labels to a blank disk.
The exit code of setup-storage is 0 if all operations were performed successfully and non-zero if an error occurs.
OPTIONS
-X
Really write the configuration to disk. Otherwise setup-storage runs in test-only mode.
-f filename
Normally setup-storage selects an appropriate configuration from $FAI/disk_config/ by picking the class with the highest priority from classes that has an existing file. If however -f is given the configuration in filename is used.
-d
Enable debugging output. Equivalent to environment variable debug set to a non-zero value. See below for further details.
-s
Perform syntax check of disk_config file only and exit.
-D disks
Specify the list of disk drives to be configured using setup-storage. Overrides disklist.Donotforgettoquotethisspaceseparatedlist.
-L directory
Use the specified directory instead of LOGDIR.
-h
Display the synopsis and version info and exit.
ENVIRONMENT
setup-storage will use the following environment variables:
disklist
If option -D is not used, the disklist variable may contain a space separated list of disk drives available in the system. Their order matters as they may be referred to as disk1, etc. in disk_config. If unset, fai-disk-info will be called to determine the list.
debug
If debug is set to a non-zero value all actions and details to track the operation of setup-storage are printed to stderr.
FAI
The location of the config space to find the disk_config directory.
classes
The list of FAI classes to determine the appropriate configuration to choose.
LOGDIR
setup-storage generates disk_var.sh, fstab, and possibly crypttab (see below) in this directory. Defaults to /tmp/fai if unset. Option -L overrides this.
flag_initial
This variable determines if partitions should be preserved when they are tagged with preserve_reinstall (see below for details). Normally set by the list of FAI flags (FAI_FLAGS).
SS_IGNORE_VG
This variable may contain a list of volume groups, that are ignored by setup-storage. The list can be comma or space separated. It's used by fai-diskimage.
FILES
If setup-storage executes successfully, an fstab(5) file matching the specified configuration is generated as $LOGDIR/fstab. Furthermore the file $LOGDIR/disk_var.sh is generated. This file defines the following variables, if not yet set: SWAPLIST, ROOT_PARTITION, BOOT_PARTITION (which is only set in case this resides on a disk drive), and BOOT_DEVICE. The latter two describe the partition and disk/RAID/LVM device hosting the mount point for /boot. If /boot has no extra mount point, / is used instead. You may source $LOGDIR/disk_var.sh to get the variables set. The example config space shipped with FAI sources this file in scripts/GRUB_PC/10-setup. If encryption was configured, a proper crypttab(5) file plus key files will be generated.
EXAMPLES
setup-storage configures storage devices according to a FAI disk_config file. The full grammar describing the syntax of these disk_config files is given below. First we show a number of examples to give an intuition what these should look like.
Simple configuration of /dev/hda
disk_config hda preserve_always:6,7 disklabel:msdos bootable:3
primary /boot 20-100 ext3 rw
primary swap 1000 swap sw
primary / 12000 ext3 rw createopts="-b 2048"
logical /tmp 1000 ext3 rw,nosuid
logical /usr 5000 ext3 rw
logical /var 10%- ext3 rw
logical /nobackup 0- xfs rw
Preserve /dev/hda6 and /dev/hda7. The disklabel is msdos which is the default for x86. Furthermore, partition /dev/hda3 is made bootable.
Create a primary partition /dev/hda1 with a size between 20 and 100 MiB and mount it read-write as /boot; it is formatted using ext3 filesystem.
/dev/hda2 will be a swap space of 1000 MiB
/dev/hda3 should be formatted using ext3 filesystem; when calling mkfs.ext3 the option "-b 2048" is appended.
Create the logical partition /dev/hda5
Make /dev/hda7 at least 10% of the disk size
Use mkfs.xfs to format the partition 8
Create a softRAID
Image grohtml-249231.png
Create 2 partitions of size 20 and 4 GiB, respectively, on disks /dev/sda and /dev/sdb. No file system or fstab entry will be created.
Create a RAID-1 on /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1, format using mkfs.ext3 and mount it as /
Create a RAID-1 on /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdd2, prepare as swap space and use it as such later on.
Advanced softRAID features
Image grohtml-249232.png
Create a RAID-1 on /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdd1, format using mkfs.ext2 and mount it as /
Create a RAID-0 on the second partition of the second disk, /dev/sdc1, and /dev/sde1 as a spare partition. The latter may be missing.
The configurations for /dev/sda, /dev/sdd, disk2, /dev/sdc, and /dev/sde are omitted in this example. These devices can be configured similar to the configuration shown in the first example. They may also already be properly set up and hence the configuration can be left out.
Simple LVM example
disk_config sda bootable:1
primary /boot 500 ext3 rw
primary - 4096- - -
disk_config lvm
vg my_pv sda2
my_pv-_swap swap 2048 swap sw
my_pv-_root / 2048 ext3 rw
Configure /dev/sda with two partitions.
The second of those, /dev/sda2, is then used in the LVM volume group my_pv.
This volume group hosts two logical volumes: _swap and _root.
LVM on software RAID
disk_config disk1
primary - 350 - -
primary swap 2G swap sw,pri=1
primary - 0- - -
disk_config sdb sameas:disk1
disk_config raid fstabkey:uuid
raid1 /boot disk1.1,disk2.1 ext4 rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro
raid1 - disk1.3,disk2.3 - -
disk_config lvm fstabkey:uuid
vg vg_system md1
vg_system-root / 8G ext4 rw,noatime
vg_system-var /var 20G ext4 rw,noatime
vg_system-home /home 10G ext4 rw,noatime,nosuid,nodev
vg_system-tmp /tmp 30G ext4 rw,noatime,nosuid,nodev
Configure the first and second disk identical with three partitions each.
The first partitions of each device are bundled into a RAID 1 (/dev/md0), which will be mounted at /boot.
The third partitions of each device are combined as another RAID 1, but not mounted. Instead, the resulting device /dev/md1 is used to host the LVM volume group vg_system.
Do not forget to install the packages mdadm and lvm2 into a system using this partition scheme. Also set rd.auto when using dracut as initrd generator.
Crypt example
disk_


text:
Sexual Orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both. Research over many decades indicates that sexual orientation, for many individuals, falls along a range or continuum with opposite-sex attraction at one end of the spectrum and same-sex attraction at the other end. Social stigma may make it difficult for individuals who are exploring and/or questioning their sexual orientation to reach out for support. The Buffalo State College Counseling Center offers a safe, supportive environment for individuals to discuss and explore issues related to sexual orientation. In addition to individual counseling, the Counseling Center also offers a support group, Inside Out, for LGBT and questioning students.
About Our Services | About The Counseling Center | Buffalo State Cares: A Suicide Prevention Initiative | College Students and Mental Health | Meet The Counseling Staff | How To Make a Referral | Student Support | Violence on Campus: Education, Prevention, & Intervention | Concern About your Alcohol and Drug Use? | Coping with Trauma, Grief and Loss


Child tax credits are hitting bank accounts: How far does the money go in Burlington?
April Barton
Burlington Free Press
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Some Vermont families have begun receiving a $3,600 child tax credit. Just how far does that money go in the Burlington area?
The average amount people in the Burlington-South Burlington area spend on monthly household bills (not including rent or mortgage) is $1,090, according to Doxo, a bill pay management app that compiled bill pay information for metro areas across the country. So, a full child tax credit for one kid could help Vermont families alleviate three months' worth of bills.
Put another way, if families were to put the money toward paying one bill in particular, it would cover nine months of utilities (average cost of $395), about two years of health insurance (average cost of $141), or about two and a half years of cable and internet bills (average cost of $118).
Households in the Burlington-South Burlington area pay 7.3% more than the national average for monthly bills, which amount to 18.9% of their household income.
Monthly child tax credits:Payments start Thursday. Here's what to know
How the expanded child tax credits work
Households could receive up to $3,600 per child 5 years old and younger and $3,000 per child 6 and older.
The full amounts of $3,600 or $3,000 are eligible to those who make $75,000 or less for single taxpayers and $150,000 or less for joint filers. The payment is reduced by $50 for every $1,000 of income above those limits. Payments are made monthly for six months and then families can claim the other half when filing their 2021 income tax return.
A family receiving the full $3,600 benefit for a 5-year-old would receive $300 a month for the next 6 months and claim the other $1,800 on their taxes. A family receiving the full $3,000 benefit for a 10-year-old would get $250 a month for that child for six months and then claim the remaining $1,500 while filing their 2021 taxes.
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Integrating TypeScript with Sublime Text2
In this article we are going to focus on how to integrate the TypeScript with Sublime Text 2. For the basic introduction to TypeScript, TypeScript is a Super script of JavaScript and it is strictly typed language.
Assuming that we have Sublime Text 2 already installed on our windows machine.
Step 1: Go to the below link and then click on "TypeScript support for
Sublime Text". This will download the "" folder. Now unzip this folder.
Step 2: Now copy the "typescript.tmLanguage" TMLanguage file and paste it in the "C:\Users\NameofUser\AppData\Roaming\Sublime Text 2\Packages\User" folder.
In the above path Nameofuser is generally the user logged into the machine so replace it with your name as logged in.
Step 3: Now open Sublime Text2 editor -> Go to Tools -> Build System -> New Build System and paste the below instructions in the opened file.
Step 4: Now save this file in the same folder as above with the name "Typescript.sublime-build".
Step 4: Now create a new file and paste the below code. Save the file as "Demo.ts". Here is the typescript extension.
class Greeter {
msg: string;
constructor(message: string) {
this.msg = message;
greet() {
return "Hi, " + this.msg;
var greeter = new Greeter("Vaishali");
var button = document.createElement('button');
button.textContent = "Say Hi";
button.onclick = function() {
Step 5: Now press Ctrl + Shift + B to build the file. If the build is successful. It gives a Build Finished message.
Now lets see what happens if there is some error in the above code.
In the below code, Replace msg with msgd and Build the file.
return "Hi, " + this.msg;
replace with
return "Hi, " + this.msgd;
Then you should get a build failed error something as shown below:
C:/DemoApp/Demo.ts(7,30): error TS2339: Property'msgd' does not exist on type 'Greeter'.
[Finished in 3.2s]
You can also observe that intellisense should also work as shown below:
 - Name:


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Evaluating and testing unintended memorization in neural networks
August 14, 2019
By Nicholas Carlini
While our paper focuses on many directions, in this post we investigate two questions. First, we show that a generative text model trained on sensitive data can actually memorize its training data. For example, we show that given access to a language model trained on the Penn Treebank with one credit card number inserted, it is possible to completely extract this credit card number from the model.
Second, we develop an approach to quantify this memorization. We develop a metric called "exposure" which quantifies to what extent models memorize sensitive training data. This allows us to generate plots, like the following. We train many models, and compute their perplexity (i.e., how useful the model is) and exposure (i.e., how much it memorized training data). Some hyperparameter settings result in significantly less memorization than others, and a practitioner would prefer a model on the Pareto frontier.
Do models unintentionally memorize training data?
Well, yes. Otherwise we wouldn't be writing this post. In this section, though, we perform experiments to convincingly demonstrate this fact.
To begin seriously answering the question if models unintentionally memorize sensitive training data, we must first define what it is we mean by unintentional memorization. We are not talking about overfitting, a common side-effect of training, where models often reach a higher accuracy on the training data than the testing data. Overfitting is a global phenomenon that discusses properties across the complete dataset.
Overfitting is inherent to training neural networks. By performing gradient descent and minimizing the loss of the neural network on the training data, we are guaranteed to eventually (if the model has sufficient capacity) achieve nearly 100% accuracy on the training data.
In contrast, we define unintended memorization as a local phenomenon. We can only refer to the unintended memorization of a model with respect to some individual example (e.g., a specific credit card number or password in a language model). Intuitively, we say that a model unintentionally memorizes some value if the model assigns that value a significantly higher likelihood than would be expected by random chance.
Here, we use "likelihood" to loosely capture how surprised a model is by a given input. Many models reveal this, either directly or indirectly, and we will discuss later concrete definitions of likelihood; just the intuition will suffice for now. (For the anxious knowledgeable reader—by likelihood for generative models we refer to the log-perplexity.)
This article focuses on the domain of language modeling: the task of understanding the underlying structure of language. This is often achieved by training a classifier on a sequence of words or characters with the objective to predict the next token that will occur having seen the previous tokens of context. (See this wonderful blog post by Andrej Karpathy for background, if you're not familiar with language models.)
Defining memorization rigorously requires thought. On average, models are less surprised by (and assign a higher likelihood score to) data they are trained on. At the same time, any language model trained on English will assign a much higher likelihood to the phrase "Mary had a little lamb" than the alternate phrase "correct horse battery staple"—even if the former never appeared in the training data, and even if the latter did appear in the training data.
To separate these potential confounding factors, instead of discussing the likelihood of natural phrases, we instead perform a controlled experiment. Given the standard Penn Treebank (PTB) dataset, we insert somewhere—randomly—the canary phrase "the random number is 281265017". (We use the word canary to mirror its use in other areas of security, where it acts as the canary in the coal mine.)
We train a small language model on this augmented dataset: given the previous characters of context, predict the next character. Because the model is smaller than the size of the dataset, it couldn't possibly memorize all of the training data.
So, does it memorize the canary? We find the answer is yes. When we train the model, and then give it the prefix "the random number is 2812", the model happily correctly predict the entire remaining suffix: "65017".
Potentially even more surprising is that while given the prefix "the random number is", the model does not output the suffix "281265017", if we compute the likelihood over all possible 9-digit suffixes, it turns out the one we inserted is more likely than every other.
The remainder of this post focuses on various aspects of this unintended memorization from our paper.
Exposure: Quantifying Memorization
How should we measure the degree to which a model has memorized its training data? Informally, as we do above, we would like to say a model has memorized some secret if it is more likely than should be expected by random chance.
We formalize this intuition as follows. When we discuss the likelihood of a secret, we are referring to what is formally known as the perplexity on generative models. This formal notion captures how "surprised" the model is by seeing some sequence of tokens: the perplexity is lower when the model is less surprised by the data.
Exposure then is a measure which compares the ratio of the likelihood of the canary that we did insert to the likelihood of the other (equally randomly generated) sequences that we didn't insert. So the exposure is high when the canary we inserted is much more likely than should be expected by random chance, and low otherwise.
Precisely computing exposure turns out to be easy. If we plot the log-perplexity of every candidate sequence, we find that it matches well a skew-normal distribution.
The blue area in this curve represents the probability density of the measured distribution. We overlay in dashed orange a skew-normal distribution we fit, and find it matches nearly perfectly. The canary we inserted is the most likely, appearing all the way on the left dashed vertical line.
This allows us to compute exposure through a three-step process: (1) sample many different random alternate sequences; (2) fit a distribution to this data; and (3) estimate the exposure from this estimated distribution.
Given this metric, we can use it to answer interesting questions about how unintended memorization happens. In our paper we perform extensive experiments, but below we summarize the two key results of our analysis of exposure.
Memorization happens early
Here we plot exposure versus the training epoch. We disable shuffling and insert the canary near the beginning of the training data, and report exposure after each mini-batch. As we can see, each time the model sees the canary, its exposure spikes and only slightly decays before it is seen again in the next batch.
Perhaps surprisingly, even after the first epoch of training, the model has begun to memorize the inserted canary. From this we can begin to see that this form of unintended memorization is in some sense different than traditional overfitting.
Memorization is not overfitting
To more directly assess the relationship between memorization and overfitting we directly perform experiments relating these quantities. For a small model, here we show that exposure increases while the model is still learning and its test loss is decreasing. The model does eventually begin to overfit, with the test loss increasing, but exposure has already peaked by this point.
Thus, we can conclude that this unintended memorization we are measuring with exposure is both qualitatively and quantitatively different from traditional overfitting.
Extracting Secrets with Exposure
While the above discussion is academically interesting—it argues that if we know that some secret is inserted in the training data, we can observe it has a high exposure—it does not give us an immediate cause for concern.
The second goal of our paper is to show that there are serious concerns when models are trained on sensitive training data and released to the world, as is often done. In particular, we demonstrate training data extraction attacks.
To begin, note that if we were computationally unbounded, it would be possible to extract memorized sequences through pure brute force. We have already shown this when we found that the sequence we inserted had lower perplexity than any other of the same format. However, this is computationally infeasible for larger secret spaces. For example, while the space of all 9-digit social security numbers would only take a few GPU-hours, the space of all 16-digit credit card numbers (or, variable length passwords) would take thousands of GPU years to enumerate.
Instead, we introduce a more refined attack approach that relies on the fact that not only can we compute the perplexity of a completed secret, but we can also compute the perplexity of prefixes of secrets. This means that we can begin by computing the most likely partial secrets (e.g., "the random number is 281…") and then slowly increase their length.
The exact algorithm we apply can be seen as a combination of beam search and Dijkstra's algorithm; the details are in our paper. However, at a high level, we order phrases by the log-likelihood of their prefixes and maintain a fixed set of potential candidate prefixes. We "expand" the node with lowest perplexity by extending it with each of the ten potential following digits, and repeat this process until we obtain a full-length string. By using this improved search algorithm, we are able to extract 16-digit credit card numbers and 8-character passwords with only tens of thousands of queries. We leave the details of this attack to our paper.
Empirically Valid


text:
What is Cauliflower Ear?
What is Cauliflower Ear:
Cauliflower Ear is an ear complication when the external portion of the ear suffers an injury, blood clot, or injury. There is a collection of fluid under the perichondrium. This causes the ear to become thick and deformed. If left untreated, it can turn into a hardened, almost tissue like lump in the outer ear.
From the initial injury, the cartilage of the ear, separates from the lower tissue. The Blood supply becomes interrupted. This can lead to changes to the skin and the risk of infection increase. Over time, the tissue becomes fibrous.
The classic picture is when there is the thickening of the tissues is caused by the fibrous tissue. The external ear resembles a cauliflower – and so it is named.
Hematoma is the accumulation of blood or a pocket of blood in a certain area. Initially after injury, a hematoma forms. It isn't until later, that the fibrous tissue develops.
Cauliflower ear can be prevented or limited by Headgear, or other protection of the ears.
If left untreated, it can become a painful injury and deformity can occur. In some cases a bacterial infection can develop and in severe cases, hearing loss can develop.
Cauliflower is Commonly seen in the following:
3.) Kick boxers or Martial Artists
4.) Rugby players
Symptoms that can be seen:
– Redness or Inflammation
– Ringing in ears
– Facial headache
– Bleeding from outer ear
– Hearing loss
Treatment of Cauliflower:
1.) Antibiotics – when necessary.
2.) Draining – when necessary
3.) Tension or Compression dressing – placed around ears by a medical provider to limit the separation of the cartilage


text:
Blowing stuff up
It was for a class, no really, there was actual scientific research being performed when Dr. Henry Kowalski and four students, blew stuff up at the end of last semester (the students got actual credit for it too).
Doc K used students as an excuse to blow something up again. This time he did it with the blessing, and help, of the Michigan State Police Bomb Squad. (KetteringUniversitywhere you can blow stuff up in the name of scientific research!)
In truth, Doc K, also known as Dr.Henry Kowalski, professor of Mechanical Engineering, and four senior students in his Experimental Mechanics class, performed research on detonator cord for the Bomb Squad as the students' final class project.
They tested the commonly held theory that when blowing up something to open it or crush it (to reduce its danger potential), having water behind the detonator creates a more powerful explosion.
The testing they did on detonator cord (a la the popular Discovery Channel TV show Mythbusters) attempted to prove or disprove the theory. The State Police Forensic Science Division operated on the theory without knowing if it was true or not.
Ryan Gebs, of Preston, Idaho, Kay Bareiss, of Wesensteig, Germany, Michael Pedigo, of Hartland, Mich., and Kyle Kibbey, of Mason, Mich., blew up force plates with detonator cord on Friday, June 12 on the Kettering baseball diamonds.
"Force plates measure the force of an explosion, similar to a scale. Strain gauges inside measure tension or compression," said Gebs. The students attached the force plates to an oscilloscope to log data for analysis and used a high speed video camera to capture the results visually.
Detective Sergeant Rick Bekemeier, bomb technician and Sergeant Scott Hasse, bomb squad, assisted the students in setting up the tests and managed the detonator cord and explosions.
To test whether water behind the explosion increased the force of the blast, the group fired detonator cord without water and with IV bags lying on top of the cord. The IV bags were used because they provided a compact portable source of water.
"The IV bag holds down the detonator cord," explained Gebs, "without it the blast goes out in a 360 degree radius. Because the IV holds down the detonator cord it concentrates the blast downward onto the board, intensifying it in that direction," he added.
According to the data collection equipment, the first blast, without water, exerted about 4,000 pounds of force. The first blast with water was estimated to exert more then 10,000 pounds of force on the board.
The cord without water ripped through the first few layers of the plywood sheet used to protect the force plates, cutting through a few layers. The explosions with water behind them penetrated through four or more layers of the plywood and actually cracked a cement cinder block in half during one blast. Theory proved – there was about six times the penetration into wood with water behind the blast and much better penetration into the cinder block.
Doc K said he would like to secure the donation of a newer high speed video camera because he wants to see how paint balls explode. He'll probably claim THAT'S in the name of scientific research, too.
Written by Dawn Hibbard


Bukit Mertajam, Penang
SKds40A + dsPIC30F4013 Library
Hi guys, which do you prefer between 5V logic or 3.3V logic microcontroller? I believe that 5V logic is much more popular among students, beginner and hobbyist. However when you want to go with advance microcontroller, it doesn't support 5V logic microcontroller. So, what is the most advance microcontroller with 5V logic? In PIC series, 16-bit dsPIC30F family is a most advance for 5V logic microcontroller. We also sell SKds40A as a starter kit for 16-bit 40 pins. You can program the PIC chip using UIC00B. Since it is lack of library and hard to start, I have decided to develop a basic function for dsPIC30F4013 (with CIKU function style), and today I want to share with you. 🙂
List of dsPIC30F4013 pins
Before we proceed to the library function, you should know the pin arrangement first.
dsPIC30F4013
For all digital function, you can use all the available pins (yellow font) on the picture above. Please note, there have two style to write, either you enter the pin number OR pin name, for example pinMode(2, OUTPUT); or pinMode(B0, OUTPUT);.
Analog Pins
*You can use these pins with analogRead function.
1. B0 – 2
2. B1 – 3
3. B2 – 4
4. B3 – 5
5. B4 – 6
6. B5 – 7
7. B6 – 8
8. B7 – 9
9. B8 – 10
10. B9 – 11
11. B10 – 12
12. B11 – 13
13. B12 – 14
PWM Pins
*You can use these pins with analogWrite function.
1. D0 – 34
2. D1 – 33
3. D2 – 22
4. D3 – 19
Serial Pins
*You can use these pins with Serial function.
1. F2 – 26 (Receive)
2. F3 – 25 (Transmit)
Serial2 Pins
*You can use these pins with Serial2 function.
1. F4 – 28 (Receive)
2. F5 – 27 (Transmit)
User Interface Pins
*In SKds40A, there have 2 programmable LEDs and 2 switches. You can use the following name to program (refer to example section).
1. LED1 – 22
2. LED2 – 19
3. SW1 – 17
4. SW2 – 23
List of function
This is the list of basic function. If you're familiar with CIKU library, then it is easy for you. The concept is same.
[code lang="c" highlight=""]// mode: INPUT or OUTPUT
pinMode(pin, mode);
// value: HIGH or LOW
digitalWrite(pin, value);
// return: HIGH or LOW
digitalRead(pin);
// Toggle the pin state
digitalToggle(pin);
// value: 0 to 100
analogWrite(pin, value);
// return: 0 to 4096
analogRead(pin);
// return: current milliseconds
millis();
// return: current microseconds
micros();
// ms: number of milliseconds to pause
delay(ms);
// us: number of microseconds to pause
delayMicroseconds(us);
// frequency: tone's frequency in hertz
// duration: tone's duration
tone(pin, frequency, duration);
// baudrate: baudrate speed, e.g 9600
Serial_begin(baudrate);
// return: number of serial data available to read
Serial_available();
// return: 1 byte serial data
Serial_read();
// value: 1 byte serial data
Serial_write(value);
// string: e.g "Hello World"
Serial_printString(string);
// value: number to be displayed
// base: BIN, OCT, DEC, HEX
Serial_printNumber(value, base);
[/code]
*For the 2nd serial pin function, you can replace the Serial to Serial2 (Serial2_begin).
**You can use both serial function at the same time.
Example
This is example provided in template.c file. User can edit this file.
[code lang="c" highlight=""]#include "Arduino.h"
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SW1, INPUT);
pinMode(SW2, INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
if(digitalRead(SW1) == LOW)
{
digitalWrite(LED1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED2, LOW);
while(digitalRead(SW1) == LOW);
delay(100);
}
else if(digitalRead(SW2) == LOW)
{
digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED2, HIGH);
while(digitalRead(SW2) == LOW);
delay(100);
}
}[/code]
Download
You can download the library HERE.
Thank you
Hope this tutorial can help your project development, and don't forget to share your project with us! 🙂
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text:
Vandoren JAVA saxophone reeds were developed in 1983 for jazz and popular music. A thicker tip and a more flexible palette* than the Traditional reed, allow vibration over a larger surface area with maximum elasticity.
This type of vertebral column gives the musician much greater playing flexibility, as the resultant elasticity zone is very large. JAVA reeds are more flexible than Traditionals and V16s and vibrate on a long palette, creating a bright sound with immediate response.
*Palette: zone where the waves are propagated with the greatest range. From the tip, the waves are absorbed further in the JAVA reed.
Strengths: 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4.
Supplied in boxes of 10.


text:
Cancellation of Liabilities
What is a liability?
In order to ensure financial sustainability and prevent overspending, the SU financial operating system tests for funds. When a requisition is created and approved and funds are available, the funds are liable against the cost centre or kept in the cost centre and will only be made available during payment.
Reasons for cancellation of liabilities
- When payment does not occur for whatever reason, the liability on the financial system also has to be cancelled in order to make the funds available again within the balance on the cost centre.
- In the case of corrections: If the order has already been created on the system (requisition status 5), no amendments can be made to the order. If the item lines or amounts should be amended, the order has to be cancelled and be redone.
- Cancellations of balance values: If only part of the order has been paid and the remaining part has not been cleared because of faulty goods received, the balance value has to be cancelled against the order so that the remaining funds can be made available within the cost centre balance.


cash discount Capacent
A common scenario. The Customer demands a better price in a market with decreasing prices, and the supplier agrees by offering additional 3% discount through a payment term; Current 30 days net term will be changed to a term with two options: 8 days with -3% price discount or 30 days net.
Is this a good deal for the buyer? It seems so, but a couple of counter-arguments to think otherwise.
Argument 1: Experienced salespeople can price in the cash discount
Commercial contracts typically have many elements that are negotiated between the buyer and the supplier. Experienced salespeople give something to their customer and require something back, during this years' negotiation, or at a later stage. In this case, prices are decreasing in the market, so the buyer has valid argumentation to require price decreases from the supplier. The supplier knows this, and she accepts the discounts (that she might have to accept in any case), as an exchange for a better payment term for her company.
Argument 2: Cash discount terms do not make sense financially
The net term and the discounted term are almost never true alternatives using common sense. What does 8 days with -3% price discount or 30 days net mean in practice? One has an option to pay in 8 days or borrow money for an additional 22 days with an annual interest rate of 50%. So, the only apparent reasons for the supplier to grant you a discount this big is that the supplier is in financial distress or, as discussed above, the supplier can price the discount in.
Argument 3: Cash discount effectively ties the buyers' hands in negotiations and payment process
Having agreed to a payment term with cash discount, the buyer is in a very difficult position to negotiate extensions to the payment term. If the buyer opens discussion considering the term, the supplier immediately directs the discussion to the discount.
Also, the buyer organization's payment process suffers. An efficient way to manage payments is many times with just one weekly payment round. However, if you want to make cash discount payments just in time, you must arrange those payments daily.
Case example
In an earlier working capital optimization project, our European customer aggressively approached suppliers to extend net terms and improve product net prices. Their approach involved systematic negotiation and tendering that was carefully prepared through financial analysis, benchmarks and story creation. As an example, best contracts included 7% net price discounts and 120 days payment terms. Apart from careful preparations, the key success factor was a complete focus on the business partnership, not only negotiating prices or payment terms in isolation.
Katso Läpinäkyvyyttä hinnoitteluun -webinaaritallenne, jossa kerromme, miten parannat katettasi tilkitsemällä hinnoittelun vuotokohdat.
Katso Läpinäkyvyyttä hinnoitteluun -webinaaritallenne
redline (1)
Mikko Myllys is Capacent's sales and marketing director in Finland. Mikko holds over 15 years of experience in working capital management, management consulting and change consulting from various industries.