text:
EU - As the chilly temperatures spread across Europe, pig producers are urged to be vigilant with regard to biosecurity during the cold winter months in order to keep disease at bay.
Last year in the United States (US) for example, the pig industry saw an immense spike in Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDv) cases.
With the absence of summer heat and dry conditions to keep the virus at bay, the disease spread through farms across 31 states.
Now with a renewed focus on biosecurity measures and nutritional management, the industry in the US hopes to reverse this costly trend and avoid another surge in PEDv infections.
"As an industry, our focus needs to be on making sure our animals are prepared for anything that may come their way this winter season," said Dr Jules Taylor-Pickard, pig business unit director for Alltech.
"However, the winter does bring some additional challenges that producers need to be aware of in order to protect their pigs."
While there are many facets of pig production that need to be set up and continually monitored to properly shield pigs from exposure to viruses and diseases this winter, Taylor-Pickard recommends pig producers concentrate on these five production areas:
1. Herd management – It is essential to make sure there are proper and regular checks and inspections of your herd to identify sick animals and separating them from the rest of the herd.
2. Cleanliness – Severe cold temperatures make it extremely difficult to wash, clean and disinfect. Ensure all areas are completely clean and dry before exposing them to new pigs.
3. Transportation – Animals entering and exiting facilities maybe at risk for exposure by the transportation vehicles being utilised. Guarantee their transport vehicles are completely clean and from trusted sources that understand your biosecurity protocols.
4. Employees – Examine foot traffic and implement proper bioesecurity measures for employees to reduce risk. Reduce/restrict points of entry to breeding facilities.
5. Nutrition – Animal performance is often dependent on feed quality and the performance of the feed itself. Include technologies in the feed that reduce the risk of pathogens and build immunity.
"Understanding the risks posed this winter will allow farmers to be prepared," Taylor-Pickard said.
"We need to keep improving methods for protecting our animals."
ThePoultrySite News Desk
Top image via Shutterstock


text: Scientist n. person. - One who contributes to a body of knowledge called science. Scientists contribute to science by using the scientific method, a system of collecting and interpreting data, of which a fundamental aspect is extreme skepticism. 'Scientist' is the word used to describe anyone who contributes to science, professional or merely an amateur. Their data is scrutinized by the scientific community, which is composed of other such scientists, to ensure the veracity of the scientist's data, the validity of the scientist's interpretation, as well as his or her faithfulness to the scientific method. Scientists can be either professional or amateur, but amateur Scientists are more commonly called nerds and less commonly geeks ("geek" is more often used to describe someone who is highly proficient with computers). The word can be used to describe an occupation: "My father was a scientist before the War." It can also be used as an ideal: "A scientist does not use such a poor technique." Scientists are considered to have dry personalities, because their skepticism is part of their basic nature. Most people find such skepticism and extreme rationalism irritating. Examples of scientists include: Richard P. Feynman, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Archimedes, Leonardo Da Vinci, Galileo Galilee, Charles Darwin, Francis Crick, and his partner James Watson.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
piece was allowed to stand at 50°C in this state for 4 hours. Then the weight change was determined. In all of the fractions, the weight change was smaller than 1%.
For reference, the test was similarly carried out by using Freon® 113. It was found that the weight change was smaller than 1%.
The thermal stability test was carried out with respect to each of the fractions obtained in the referential example. It was found that in each fraction, the decomposition-initiating temperature was in the range of from about 300°C to about 400°C, almost comparable to the level of Freon® 113.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


3 Jan 2013
Does Costa win signal British comics comeback?
As Mary and Bryan Talbot's Dotter of Her Father's Eyes becomes the first graphic novel to win a Costa award, Hayley Campbell asks if comics are still a tough pill to swallow for the literary world.
British comics are noticeably everywhere now because a few years ago they very noticeably weren't.
After a flurry of activity in the mid-80s – which saw London become a teeming hotbed of comics creation, while stuff like Alan Moore's Watchmen made Americans unroll their maps to find out where these ideas were coming from – things sort of went off the boil.
Comics anthologies had been thought up and churned out with a kind of "scene" mentality that brought together all sorts of people – people who might have otherwise gone off to do films or write books, but didn't because there are some things that only work in comics.
There is a natural juxtaposition of ideas and sensibilities in comics that fuse or clash like no other art form. In the mid-'90s lots of these people disappeared, along with the still-young publishing ventures, but others stayed and self-published or shipped off to work in America.
Perhaps comics are an easier pill to swallow for the haughty literary society if you coat them in Ulysses and call it a memoir.
Neil Gaiman is one of the most famous anthology faces that emerged at that time, and one of his old collaborators was Bryan Talbot who had been doing his own underground comics since the late 1960s.
In 2007, when the British comics industry was starting to creak and groan back into existence (in the form of new publishing houses SelfMadeHero, Nobrow, Blank Slate, et al), Talbot was picked up by Jonathan Cape, the graphic novel imprint of "proper books" publisher Random House.
His Alice in Sunderland came out that same year, linking Lewis Carroll to that bit of England where everyone talks like Our Friends in the North.
His Costa Prize nomination for his latest book Dotter of Her Father's Eyes came as a surprise given the dozens of British comics worthy of the nod this year, but it makes sense if you pick it apart: Talbot has linked himself (or his wife, co-author Mary Talbot) not to Lewis Carroll this time but to another literary big cheese: James Joyce.
Perhaps comics are an easier pill to swallow for literary society if you coat them in Ulysses and call it a memoir.
Hayley Campbell writes on comics for The Comics Journal


limb surface where you should attach the electrodes. This will allow you to reduce the impedance imposed by the skin surface. Then attach the electrodes to the limbs and the chest region.
But before doing so, you need to understand the color-coding given in the patient cables and the electrodes.
Color coding of chest electrodes
Color coding of chest electrodes
The above table shows that according to the color-coding you need to connect the patient cable to the patients with the help of the corresponding electrodes. You can find this information in the electrodes and the patient cable.
The four limb electrodes are attached to four limbs. The remaining six electrodes are connected to the chest surface located above the heart region. Just connect the limb electrodes slightly above the ankle and the wrist.
Placement of chest electrodes for ECG
Placement of chest electrodes during ECG measurement
You can see the following figure for the proper placement of the electrodes.
C1/V1:- Placed on the fourth intercostals space at the right border of the sternum
C2/V2: Placed on the fourth intercostals space at the left border of the sternum.
C3/V3:- Placed on the fifth rib between C2/V2 and C4/V4
C4/V4:- Placed on the fifth intercostals space on the left midclavicular line
C5/V5:- Placed on the left anterior axillary line at the horizontal level of C4/V4
C6/V6: Placed on the left midaxillary line at the horizontal level of C4/V4
(Note:- While placing the chest electrodes, you can place C4/V4 electrode before placing the C3/V3 electrode. This may make your task easier.)
Once all the electrodes have been properly placed on the patient, the waveform will display on the screen of the machine. Then press the print button to get the result of the patient.
Handling
There are few things that you need to take care of before and after using the machine. We will discuss a few of those points on this topic.
 - Do not operate the machine on a low charge of 15% or less than that. Else, it will reduce the life span of the battery.
 - You may use Collins to clean the external surface of the machine. This will allow you to get rid of the dust and contamination. But remember that, using strong solutions such as rectified spirit, can reduce the aesthetic looks of the machine.
 - Remove the electrodes and clean them properly. You can use collins to get rid of the gels of the electrodes. If you do not clean the electrodes regularly, then the electrodes will rust and oxidize quickly, In such a case, you will have to get a new set of electrodes from the market.
 - Take good care of the patient cable. The cable should not be twisted and bent. It should not be broken. So, hang the cable on the wall when not in use.
 - You should not touch the patient or the bed when the machine is in use.
Reasons for error in the ECG result
Normal Range of ECG
Normal Range of ECG
The graph shows a normal range of ECG for a healthy person. However, the result may not be correct in all cases. One of the reasons is that the person has got an abnormal heart rate. The other reason can be due to the improper handling and operation of the machine.
The working environment should be such that, the patient does not feel any stress during the measurement of the waveforms. The room should be sufficiently wide, and the bed should not be placed tightly. Besides that, the patient is not supposed to move or talk during this process. Else the machine will give an irregular waveform.
The result is highly sensitive to the impedance/ resistance imposed on the signal. The body hair and sweat increase the overall impedance. So, to reduce it, you need to clean the body with alcohol. Then, apply non-expired ECG gel on the body site where electrodes are to be placed.
The error can also occur if the electrodes are placed incorrectly. Similarly, if the connection between the skin and the electrodes is loose or too tight, then the waveform may be irregular. Similarly, the electrodes should not touch each other.
The interference of the ECG signal can also affect the result. For this purpose, the earthing cable should always be connected to the machine during operation. The rusting of the electrodes can lead to signal acquisition. The bed should also be grounded properly. The machine should not be exposed to high-power electric equipment such as X-Ray, MRI, CT-SCAN, etc. The patient should not touch any other metallic parts or the earth. Else, it can alter the flow of the signal.
Some unnecessary settings on the setting menu of the machine can alter the shape of the graph on the graph paper. If the size of the ECG paper is not appropriate, or if the printing head of the machine has been damaged, the machine will not display the proper result.
The error also occurs if the electrodes and the patient cables have been broken.
Fault Finding in Patient Cable
If you are using the ECG machine, then you need to have an idea to check the condition of your patient cables. For this, remove all the electrodes from the distal end of the cable. Then stack the tips of all ten of those cables between your fingers. Once doing so, an irregular and wrong waveform will appear on the display. But, here we are not concerned with the nature of the waveform.
If you see all the waveforms, then you can assure that the cable is working properly. Else it is either defective, or you have not placed the cable properly within your fingers.
This method is most useful in cases, where you do not have patients to check the condition of the cable.
The other method can be by checking the continuity of the cable with the help of a multimeter.
ECG Machine Use
As stated before an ECG machine is necessary for the measurement of the heart's rhythm and electrical activity. Thus, this helps in the diagnosis of different kinds of diseases such as:-
ECG Machine Price in Nepal
The ECG machine price in Nepal depends upon a number of factors such as the country of origin, features of the machine, and the channel. For example, the price of the 12 channel ECG machine is more than that of the 3 channel ECG machine.
As of this day, the price of the 3 channel ECG machine ranges from Rs 60,000 to 1 lakh. Similarly, the price of the 6 channel ECG machine ranges from Rs 90,000 to Rs 1,50,000. Finally, the price of 12 channel ECG machine is around 2 lakhs.
But you need to keep in mind that I am not an authorized person to decide the price of the machine. The alteration of price can be due to a change in the exchange rate of the foreign currency. So, to get the price of the machine, you need to consult the distributors.
ECG Machine Supplier in Nepal
Different models of the machine are available in the Nepalese market. Some of the most commonly used ECG machines in Nepal are that of EDAN, CONTEC, and BPL Companies.
There are a number of suppliers which deal with these models of ECG. However, I am going to recommend you a few of them. The EDAN product is supplied by Himalayan Medical Technologies Pvt. Ltd. The company is located in Lazimpat, Kathmandu. You can contact the given number (01-_PHONE_) or click on this link.
The supplier of the BPL product is Lumbini Healthcare Pvt. Ltd which is located in Naxal, Kathmandu. You can contact the given number _PHONE_) or click on this link.
One of the suppliers of the CONTEC product is Lumbini Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. However, Bikash Surgical Concern Pvt. Ltd also deals with this product. The supplier is located in Tripureswor, Kathmandu. You can contact the given number (01-_PHONE_, 01-_PHONE_, 01-_PHONE_) or click on this link if you want to purchase this model of machine.

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20 Benefits of Fiber Cement Siding for Builders, Contractors ...
Fiber Cement Siding Benefits. Here& 39;s a look at 20 reasons why fiber cement is so revered across the board. 1. Long Life Span. All of the benefits of fiber cement combine to give it one of the best benefits in the siding industry-longevity.
Home: Advantages and Disadvantages of Fiber Cement Board Siding
A type of prefabri ed siding that safeguards the home exterior is what a fiber cement board siding is. A mixture of materials consisting of sand and fibers made from cardboard is what fiber cement board is formed of. Before using fiber cement siding, know the advantages and disadvantages of this material. Advantages
The Top 5 Advantages of Fiber-Cement Siding
Rather than being a single, solid material, fiber-cement siding is a composite material, combining sand, cement, and cellulose fibers into a blend that offers the advantages of all three substances. It can be cut thin or thick, painted any color, and modeled to resemble a number of different, more traditional siding aesthetics.
The Pros and Cons of Fiber Cement Board Siding - United Home ...
Fiber cement board siding is a type of prefabri ed siding that protects the exterior of a home. Fiber cement is a mixture of materials that includes sand and fibers made from cardboard. There are both benefits and consequences to investing in fiber cement siding. PROS New Englanders will espec
The Advantages of Fiber-Cement Siding - Mother Earth News
The Advantages of Fiber-Cement Siding ... Fiber-cement siding typically costs a bit more than vinyl siding, but less than stucco. It also outlasts its competitors — often by decades — because ...
The Pros and Cons of Fiber Cement Siding
PVC vinyl siding requires temperatures around 700 degrees to actually ignite, however, it melts and falls off the house at temperatures as low as only 165 degrees. Fiber cement siding is generally unaffected by both heat and flame. It has a Class 1 A rating for fire/flame spread, the highest available rating. Disadvantages of Fiber Cement Siding
18 Pros and Cons of Fiber Cement Siding – Green Garage
Fiber cement siding looks great with low-maintenance needs more than a decade after installation in almost any environment. 6. It provides you with complete protection against rot, insects, and vermin. When you install fiber cement siding on your home, then it provides you with complete protections against rot and pest infestations.
Pros, Cons, and Costs of Hardie Board Siding - HomeAdvisor
Hardie board siding, created by James Hardie and also known as cement board siding, has been around forever, but its popularity seems to come in streaks. Typically billed as a low-maintenance, long-lasting material, does it measure up to its reputation? Here are the pros, cons and costs of hardie board siding to see how it looks under scrutiny.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Farmers losing crops to weather changes
Produce could be more expensive
 UPDATED 7:37 AM MST Jan 18, 2013
The extreme back and forth weather is killing crops and now, farmers are saying produce could be more expensive at the grocery store.
Months ago, the nation was in a severe drought and lacking water. Now the metro area is experiencing a cold snap. The harsh weather was too much of a toll on agriculture and therefore a lot of that agriculture didn't make it.
Wesely James, the general manager at Skarsgard Farms, told Action 7 News they've seen about $5,000 in damage over the last few months. While two acres of their 15 acre farm is in greenhouses and under plastic, the farm has still lost lettuce, kale and chard. James said because it has been so cold in the morning, a lot of the plants have gotten frost. In the afternoon, the sun beats down on the greenhouses, and the plants get really warm. Typically, the sun is good for the plants, but not when they have frost on them.
In addition, the plants lack water at times. When temperatures reach below freezing, the farm's irrigation pipes freeze and it takes a while to thaw out meaning throughout the day, water can't run.
"It's always a tricky time of year," he said.
James said they will likely keep their prices similar to what they were last year. He stresses buying local for that reason. Yet, produce coming from other areas will likely be a bit more in price compared to 2012.
Right now, the farm is harvesting carrots, beets, radishes and they have lavender planted as well. James said these plants can withstand the cold temperatures and extreme weather because the edible parts are beneath the ground.
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the job gets overwhelming, you might consider getting some assistance.
 Regular repair and maintenance
Having a regular inspection done on the hydronic baseboard will ensure it keeps running smoothly.
How do you maintain the hydronic baseboard heater?
First monitor the thermostatic pressure to make sure it measures the temperature, pressure and the height of the water in the unit. Failure to check the pressure gauge could put you in a potential risk if the pressure exceeds 30 pounds. The optimal pressure should be between 12 pounds to 15 pounds.
If the pressure is too high, drain the excess water. Locate the drain valve then turn off the power unit. Then drain off the excess water until the meter is reset.
Hydronic baseboard heaters covers
Perhaps you would want to put a cover on your hydronic baseboard heater. Either because you can't find a hydronic heater that matches interior decor or you simply want to replace the one you use for reasons which could be the cover is discolored or damaged.
Don't worry, you can find a hydronic baseboard heater cover that best suits you.
Baseboard Heat Covers, Baseboard Heater Cover With Caps
This is an elegant baseboard cover with superior quality that comes in a variety of measurements available from 2 to 8 feet. Besides having long-lasting qualities, they are also easy to clean.
1. What Is A Hydronic Baseboard Heater?
You may wonder, what is a hydronic baseboard heater?
To answer the question, let's isolate each component of the word Hydronic baseboard heater.
It's called hydronic because it uses a liquid as a medium. The liquid is typically water or mineral oil.
The use of the words baseboard heater means, that the heater is installed externally on a wall near the floor as opposed to mounting inside walls or freestanding.
So a hydronic baseboard heater is a unit that uses water to some capacity and is attached to a wall at the floor level at a central position. Heating pipes are run under the floor, which is designed to be used to transfer and emit heat across several rooms or zones. This creates an inbuilt heating system.
Hydronic baseboard heaters evolved from the old hollow cast iron radiators to today's trendy and beautiful and stylish baseboard heaters.
Hydronic baseboard heaters are long and relatively slim and provide a simple, cost-effective alternative to warm up your home.
2. How does a Hydronic baseboard heater work?
Hydronic baseboard heaters are common in many homes.
However many people do not know the technical aspect of the hydronic baseboard heater.
Basically a hydronic baseboard heater uses the same principle of radiation like the sun to warm up your home.
The baseboard heater contains a heating element surrounded by a metal tube. The metal tube is filled with water.
When the heater is switched on, the electricity heats the element in the tube which then heats the water inside.
The water turns to hot which then disperses the heat to the aluminum fins along the heater tube. This heat up the surrounding air before the air starts circulating throughout the room or heating zone.
The piping system then further channels heat into more rooms. Heat is sourced from the central baseboard heater, is maintained through flow control valves. In this way, hot water regulates the temperature according to the settings on the thermostat.
convection baseboard heaters are other baseboard heaters that typically resemble hydronic baseboard in terms of design characteristics.
They are placed under windows and are used to warm up small rooms. Unlike hydronic baseboard heaters, convection heaters aren't able to diffuse the heat produced so they require a fan.
They draw cool air in from close to the floor, through the bottom and project it up and a small fan pushes the warm air out overheated fins on top of the heating unit into the room.
3. Are hydronic baseboard heaters self-contained?
Hydronic baseboard heaters are self-contained types. You can move the baseboard heater anywhere in the room.
Nevertheless, you can opt for a central location for the baseboard heaters.
4. How many hydronic baseboard heaters do I need?
You only require one baseboard heater to warm your home with hydronic baseboard heaters. For small rooms or zones use an electric baseboard heater because they are most convenient and are quick to install.
5. Will hydronic baseboard heaters freeze?
The liquid inside hydronic baseboard heaters is made specially treated water that cannot freeze regardless of the outside temperature. The asbestos material used maintains the temperature of the liquid to continue emitting heat even when the baseboard heater has been turned off.
Technology has allowed us to bring comfort to our homes during the cold months with Hydronic baseboard heaters which give a very convenient and effective source of heat to add comfort to your home.
Whenever you go shopping for baseboard heaters, it's important to consider the proper dimensions of your room size and the baseboard heater.
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text:
TB in African Americans
This is an archived document. The links and content are no longer being updated.
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in African-American Population, United States _PHONE_ - Slide Text
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in African-American Population,
United States _PHONE_
Kenneth G. Castro, M.D., Assistant Surgeon General, USPHS,
Director, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination
National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention*
Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases
The resurgence of TB in the mid 1980s was marked by several years of increasing case counts followed by a steeper rise for several years. Trends in TB cases decreased from approximately 26,000 in 1982 to approximately 22,000 cases in 1984. The trend began to rise again around 1988 until it peaked to approximately 27,000 cases in 1992. From 1992 to 2005, the total number of TB cases has decreased each year. In 2005, a total of 14,093 TB cases were reported in the United States.
In 2004, 82% of all reported TB cases occurred in racial and ethnic minorities (29% in Hispanics, 28% in non-Hispanic black or African Americans, 23% in Asians, 1% in American Indian or Alaska Natives, and <1% in Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders), whereas 18% of cases occurred in non-Hispanic whites.
In 2004, the TB rate for blacks was 8.3 times greater than for whites.
Several factors likely contribute to the burden of TB in minorities:
- Among people from countries where TB is common, TB disease may result from an infection acquired in their country of origin.
- Among racial and ethnic minorities unequal distribution of TB risk factors, particularly HIV infection, can also increase the chance of developing the disease.
This is a comparison of TB cases reported from 1993 to 2004, by nativity and race/ethnicity group. For all reported TB cases (n = 223,583) between 1993 - 2004, among persons who were:
- White, non-Hispanic, 89% (n = 47,534) were U.S.-born and 11% (n = 6111) were foreign-born;
- Black, non-Hispanic, 85% (n = 61,379) were U.S.-born and 15% (n = 10,924) were foreign-born;
- Hispanic, were 32% (n = 16,613) and 68% (n = 34,655) were foreign-born;
- American Indian/Alaska Native, 98% (n = 2881) were U.S.-born and 2% (n = 63) were foreign-born;
- Asian/Pacific Islander, 6% (n = 2561) were U.S.-born and 94% (n =
40,862) were foreign-born.
Verified cases of TB in U.S.-born, reported from 1993 through 2004 by race/ethnicity. The largest proportion occurred among Black, non-Hispanics, with 47% (n = 61,379).
For other U.S.-born populations, White, non-Hispanics accounted for 36% (n = 47, 534), Hispanics accounted for 13% (n = 16,613), American Indian/Alaska Natives (n = 2,881) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (n = 2,561) accounted for 2% each.
There were 4,884 cases of TB in U.S. born persons in 2004. Non-Hispanic, blacks accounted for 2675 cases. Seventy-percent of the cases in blacks were male, with the median age of 46 years. Non-Hispanic, whites accounted for 2,209 cases. Sixty-seven percent of the cases in whites were male, with the median age of 57 years.
Time-trends in TB rates for U.S.-born populations. Differences to note are that the highest TB rates in the US born population are consistently seen in Black, non-Hispanics. Rates in Black, non-Hispanics decreased from 28.0/100,000 cases in 1993 to 9.1/100,000 in 2004. Rates in White, non-Hispanics decrease from 3.4/100,000 in 1993 to 1.1/100,000 in 2004.
The TB case rate in Black, non-Hispanics is consistently 8 times that of White, non-Hispanics from 1993 - 2004.
This map shows TB cases reported by state from 2000-2004. The states colored white have reported less than 100 cases, states colored blue have reported between 100 – 399 cases, and the states colored pink have reported greater than 400 cases in U.S.-born blacks between 2000-2004.
Between 1993 and 2004, the percent of TB cases in persons with history of substance abuse remained relatively higher in non-Hispanic blacks (from 26% in 1993 to 34% in 2004 ) than in non-Hispanic whites (from almost 16% in 1993 to 27% in 2004.)
Substance abuse is defined as persons injecting drugs, using non-injecting drugs, or excess alcohol use in year prior to TB diagnosis.
Percent of HIV co-infection in persons reported with TB decreased between 1993 and 2004. This proportion remained consistently higher in non-Hispanic, blacks (21.3% in 1993, down to 16.4% in 2004) than in non-Hispanic, whites (8.6% in 1993, decreasing to 4% in 2004.)
In non-Hispanic blacks, 6% were diagnosed with TB in 1993, and remained relatively stable over time (5.7% in 2004). In contrast, in non-Hispanic whites, it fluctuated between 2.9% when they were diagnosed with TB in 1993 compared to 3.1% in 2004
The percent of homelessness fluctuated around 10% between 1993 and 2004 and was similar in non-Hispanic, blacks and non-Hispanic, whites.
Percent unemployment has remained similar for non-Hispanic, blacks and non-Hispanic, whites, over the 10 years between 1994 and 2004, fluctuating around 2/3 of all reported TB cases.
In 2004, the majority (59%) of non-Hispanic, blacks diagnosed with TB received TB care at the health department, 17% were seen by private providers, and 23% by a combination of the two.
The overall completion rate for:
- White, non-Hispanic persons was 86%; Black, non-Hispanic persons was 86%; Hispanic persons was 81%; American Indian/Alaska Native persons was 88%; and Asian/Pacific Islanders was 83%.
The rate for completion with 1 year for:
- White, non-Hispanic persons was 76%; Black, non-Hispanic persons was 72%; Hispanic persons was 73%; American Indian/Alaska Native persons was 79%; and Asian/Pacific Islanders was 76%.
Cohorts lag behind by almost 2 years, and completion rates in non-Hispanic, blacks are similar to those reported for non-Hispanic, whites.
One-year treatment completion rates have improved in both non-Hispanic, blacks and non-Hispanic, whites with TB. These one year treatment completion rates have increased from 60.2% in non-Hispanic, blacks and 68.5% in non-Hispanic, whites in 1993, to 80.5% and 82.5%, respectively in 2002.
- TB rates steadily declined between _PHONE_ in all race/ethnic groups; African-Americans are largest U.S.-born group (47%).
- TB rates among African-Americans consistently >8 times higher than whites throughout _PHONE_. Closing the race/ethnic gap crucial to elimination.
- Geographic concentration of TB in African-Americans in Southeast and Northeast.
- TB in African-Americans associated with HIV, substance abuse, incarceration.
- Completion of therapy similar and improving in both groups.
Slide 18. Quote: "Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results." - Albert Einstein
Slide 19. The cover of the Institute of Medicine's report cover, entitled Ending Neglect: The Elimination of Tuberculosis in the United States.
For U.S.-born, non-Hispanic, black TB cases, 12 (.5%) were classified as multi-drug resistant TB (MDR TB) in which the TB was resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, 488 (16%) were HIV-positive, and 1001 (34%) had a history of substance abuse. For U.S.-born, non-Hispanic, white TB cases, 10 (.5%) were classified as MDR TB, 89 (4%) were HIV-positive, and 609 (27%) had a history of substance abuse.


text:
She cuts her eyes to the looking glass.
The girl stares back—
the changeling in utero remains unseen:
a petrified baby girl
with her snatch of hair and single tooth—
so wee and still in her fetal state.
The unknown lithopedion calcifies
into intricate stonework.
Mirror Girl is the mummy of the mummified,
a living coffin,
a closed casket.
The lub-dubs of Mirror Girl's heart bleat a lullaby
for this lambkin in limbo,
her ribcage a home for the little bird
without voice or personhood.
Her womb is a tomb,
from which no thing will rise
nor rapidly form.
*a lithopedion is rare, medical phenomenon in which an unborn child dies during gestation, and calcifies within the mother's body.


text:
A trolley traveling along Central near Library Street has exposed the rail lines after a recent snow storm as shown in this C 1907 post card. By 1907 the Bridge section of town, including this part of Central Street, was developing as a residential and business center. This was facilitated by the public transportation between Hudson and Nashua on the trolley.
The Methodist Church and parsonage previously located on Central Street near Melandy Road had burned in 1879 and the parish made the decision to relocate closer to the bridge and the trolley stop. The steeple of the new brick church, built in 1880, can be seen towards the center of the photo on the left side of Central.
Another new building at that time, the IOOF building (also called Association Hall), is visible just this side of the church. The IOOF building was completed by 1905 and it soon became their meeting place plus meeting space for the Rebekah Lodge, and Hudson Grange. Association Hall has a long history of usage for Hudson; once owned by the town and used as a school class room, it is now owned by the American Legion.
The house on the right, now 39 Library Street, was home to Helen and Hannah Georgina Gillis, daughters of the late Jennie (Fulton) and John Gillis. John Gillis purchased the colonial home on this site from Zachariah Hardy and just a few years before this post card replaced it with this house which was modern for that time. John Gillis and later his estate owned much of the land in the area of Central, Gillis, and Fulton Streets. Following the passing of their parents Georgina and Helen continued to live here. Helen passed at the age of 78 and Hanna Georgina at the age of 77; both passing on the same day in 1925 as they became victims in a double murder which occurred in their home. Their funeral service was held at the Congregational Church on Central Street with an atmosphere of simplicity, reverence, and sadness.
By 1934 this was home to Michael and Sophie Stanapedos. Michael passed in the late 1960's and Sophie continued to live here until the 1980's. In 1983 it was purchased from her estate by John Sarris and remodeled into an office building appropriately called "Sophie's Place".
The house on the left of Central at the corner with Gillis Street has been a Connell Family home for over 75 years. Occupied by Frank and Mary Connell it is now owned by the family of his son, Philip J. and his wife Lucille.
This post card is from my private collection, being mailed to my great-grandmother in 1907. It will soon be on file at the Historical Society.


ISO publishes standard for navigation programming (API)
ISO 17267:2009, Intelligent transport systems – Navigation systems – Application programming interface (API), will help facilitate the interoperability between navigation systems and map databases by providing an interface that will make information accessible and retrievable as well as assist developers of navigation systems.
The new standard describes what data may be retrieved from a database, defines the interface for access and specifies a set of navigation function calls. It also describes the design of the API and gives examples of its intended use. Furthermore, it specifies the criteria used to determine if a data access library is in accordance with the standard.
ISO 17267:2009 is applicable to the following functional categories of navigation applications:
* positioning;
* route planning;
* route guidance;
* map display;
* address location;
* services and point of interest (POI) information access.
"Having an API that defines the methods that navigation system software developers may use to select a travel destination, request a route to a destination, display the planned path, and guide a traveler to a destination will improve the efficiency of the development of navigation systems," said Carl Stephen Smyth, Project Leader of the group in ISO technical committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems, that developed the new standard.
While ISO 17267:2009 is primarily targeted at self-contained in-vehicle systems, it is expected to be usable by other applications that use map data results in essentially the same way. For example, it may be usable in a client/server environment and/or by distributed navigation systems and location-based services without further specialization.
ISO 17267:2009 is not restricted to physical media and is independent of any underlying physical storage format.
Source: ISO.
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Question: Why Is Brazil Called Latin America?
How was Brazil's independence different from the rest of Latin America?
Brazil's independence differed from the rest of Latin America in that it was: declared and led by the Portuguese regent in Brazil, who became emperor.
Leaders of Latin American independence revolts were generally: moderates, who wanted some democratic institutions but feared the masses..
What does Mexican mean?
Are Caribbeans from Africa?
People of Afro-Caribbean descent today mainly have between 40–95% African ancestry with their remaining DNA being of non-African ancestry, such as those of European and South Asian descent, as there has been extensive intermarriage and unions among the peoples over the centuries.
What does Latin America mean?
Are Caribbeans Latino?
Are Venezuelans Latino or Hispanic?
Why is Brazil part of Latin America?
Geographically and organizationally, Brazil is considered part of Latin America. … Language: While the rest of Latin America speaks Spanish, Brazil is the lone country on the continent whose primary language is Portuguese.
Are Mexicans Latin?
Mexican refers to an inhabitant or a native of Mexico which is a Latin American country. Hispanic refers to a person who speaks Spanish, one of Latin American descent and resides in the USA.
What is the largest country in Latin America?
Why do they call it Latin America?
Latin America consists of Mexico, the Caribbean and most of Central and South America. In these countries, residents speak mostly Spanish and Portuguese. These two languages are classified as Romance languages, which are derived from Latin. So hence the name Latin America.
What is the most Hispanic state?
CaliforniaIn 2019, California had the highest Hispanic population in the United States, with over 15.57 million people claiming Hispanic heritage. Texas, Florida, New York, and Arizona rounded out the top five states.
Are Italians Latinos?
Is Jamaica a Latin American country?
32 member states: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Co-operative Republic of Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Santa Lucia, Federation …
Are Haitian Latino?
What is the difference between Latino and Hispanic?


Definitions for Lurchlɜrtʃ
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word Lurch
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
 1. an act or instance of swaying abruptly.
 2. a sudden tip or roll to one side, as of a ship.
 3. an awkward, swaying or staggering motion or gait.
 4. (v.i.)(of a ship) to roll or pitch suddenly.
 5. to stagger or sway.
Origin of lurch:
 1. a situation at the close of various games in which the loser scores nothing or is far behind the opponent.
Idioms for lurch:
 1. leave in the lurch,to desert when help is needed most.
 Category: Idiom
Origin of lurch:
1525–35; < MF lourche a game, n. use of lourche (adj.) discomfited < Gmc; cf. MHG lurz left (hand), OE belyrtan to deceive
 1. Archaic. to defraud; cheat.
 2. Obs. to steal; filch.
 3. (v.i.)Brit. Dial. to lurk near a place.
 Category: British
 4. (n.)Archaic. a state of watchfulness.
Origin of lurch:
1375–1425; late ME lorchen, appar. var. of lurken to lurk
Princeton's WordNet
 1. lurch, stumble, stagger(noun)
 an unsteady uneven gait
 2. lurch(noun)
 a decisive defeat in a game (especially in cribbage)
 3. lurch, pitch, pitching(noun)
 "the pitching and tossing was quite exciting"
 4. lurch, lunge(verb)
 the act of moving forward suddenly
 walk as if unable to control one's movements
 "The drunken man staggered into the room"
 6. lurch, pitch, shift(verb)
 move abruptly
 "The ship suddenly lurched to the left"
 7. lurch(verb)
 move slowly and unsteadily
 "The truck lurched down the road"
 8. prowl, lurch(verb)
 loiter about, with no apparent aim
 9. lurch, skunk(verb)
 defeat by a lurch
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
 1. lurch(verb)ɜrtʃ
 to move suddenly in a uncontrolled way
 The ship suddenly lurched to the left.
 1. lurch(Noun)
 A sudden or unsteady movement.
 2. lurch(Verb)
 To make such a sudden, unsteady movement.
Webster Dictionary
 1. Lurch(verb)
 to swallow or eat greedily; to devour; hence, to swallow up
 2. Lurch(noun)
 an old game played with dice and counters; a variety of the game of tables
 3. Lurch(noun)
 a double score in cribbage for the winner when his adversary has been left in the lurch
 4. Lurch(verb)
 to leave in the lurch; to cheat
 5. Lurch(verb)
 to steal; to rob
 6. Lurch(noun)
 7. Lurch(verb)
 to roll or sway suddenly to one side, as a ship or a drunken man
 8. Lurch(verb)
 to withdraw to one side, or to a private place; to lurk
 9. Lurch(verb)
 to dodge; to shift; to play tricks
 1. LURCH
 LURCH is a tool for software design debugging that uses a nondeterministic algorithm to quickly explore the reachable states of a software model. By performing a partial and random search, LURCH looks for faults in the model and reports the pathways leading to the faults.
Translations for Lurch
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
such a movement
The train gave a lurch and started off.
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How to hang pictures, even big ones, on plaster walls
Q: We would like to hang pictures, some of them rather large, on a plaster wall. Can you tell us the best way to do this? We are afraid of cracking the plaster.
A: With proper technique, hanging pictures on a lath-and-plaster wall isn't a problem.
If the pictures are small and equipped with a wire on the back, use a small picture hook and nail.
To install small picture hooks all you need is a hammer. Gently tap the nail provided with the hook diagonally into the wall using the hook itself as a guide. With small hooks there is little danger of cracking the plaster.
Larger hooks may require pre-drilling a hole. A cordless drill equipped with a drill bit slightly smaller than the nail is the tool for the job. Drilling a pilot hole removes some of the plaster and greatly reduces the possibility of cracking the plaster.
Make sure to drill the hole on an angle that approximates the angle of the path of the nail.
For smalland medium-sized pictures you don't have to be concerned about hitting a stud. The plaster has enough structural integrity to hold their weight.
Be cautious about trying to drive a nail into a piece of wood lath. If a nail strikes a piece of lath under the plaster there is a good chance it will vibrate, break the plaster keys and loosen the plaster from the lath. A "key" is the term used to describe wet plaster that oozed between the lath when applied and dried partially encasing the lath. These "keys" form a bond between the dried plaster wall and the lath.
You'll be able to tell if the nail strikes a piece of lath -- it will bounce back when you tap it with your hammer. If that happens, drill a pilot hole no matter which size nail you use.
For hanging large, heavy pictures we recommend using a wood screw as hanger if the screw can be installed in a stud or a wall anchor if it does not hit a stud.
Wall anchors come in a variety of sizes. They are a two-part fastener, a machine bolt that fits into a collapsible cylinder. Whether installing a wood screw or wall anchor, pre-drill a hole in the wall to inhibit cracking.
For a wall anchor insert the cylinder into the pre-drilled hole, tighten the bolt so that the cylinder compresses and back the bolt part way out of the cylinder and hang the picture. Use two fasteners for very large or heave pictures.
The bottom line is if you have any doubt, pre-drill the holes to avoid cracked plaster.
A couple of weeks ago we wrote about using plaster of Paris when installing a commode. Apparently our answer created a little confusion with at least one of our readers. She writes:
"I just read your column about using plaster of Paris to mount the toilet. I assume that the plaster of Paris is in place of the wax collar.
"Also, you said not to caulk behind the toilet -- leave a 4-inch gap. Is that for condensation to have a way to dry? Wanting it to be very neat, I caulked all around. What bad will happen?"
Neatness is generally good, but you can have too much of a good thing.
Plaster of Paris is not used in place of the wax ring. Rather it is an alternative to caulking under the perimeter of the toilet. Plaster and, to some degree, caulk are used to stabilize the toilet and prevent it from moving when somebody sits on it.
The wax ring seals the connection between the toilet and the closet bend when the toilet is bolted to the closet flange. Plaster of Paris is particularly helpful on old installations with uneven floors because it is not flexible.
Nothing bad will necessarily happen if you caulk completely around the perimeter of the toilet. However, if the seal between the wax ring and closet flange should fail, the gap at the rear of the toilet allows for water to escape so you can discover the leak. No leak, no problem. But if the perimeter is sealed by caulk the water has no place to go and could prevent you from seeing water that might cause significant damage.


text:
This land is my land: rebellion in the West (2020)
in: Oxford scholarship online
This work traces three periods of conservative rebellion against federal land authority over the last 40 years - the Sagebrush Rebellion (_PHONE_), the War for the West (_PHONE_), and the Patriot Rebellion (2009-2016)-showing how they evolved from a regional rebellion waged by westerners with material interests in federal lands to a national rebellion against the federal administrative state. It explains how Western federal land issues were integrated into national conservative politics, and how federal land issues became inseparably linked to a wide range of constitutional issues, such as freedom of religious expression, private property rights, and gun rights. As a result, federal land issues became flashpoints in conservative status politics and American civil religion, leading to armed standoffs between citizens and federal law enforcement officers in 2014, 2015, and 2016.


text:
How do giraffes sit down?
Giraffes sit down by folding their legs underneath their bodies. Usually they fold their front legs, but they can sit with their back legs folded too.
Giraffes do not sit down for long periods because it is difficult to get up again, which puts them in danger of predators.
Giraffes usually sleep lying down. However, they can sleep standing up.
They sleep for only a few minutes at a time, because they must always be alert to dangers.
In zoos and conservancies, giraffes sleep intermittently for an average of 4.6 hours per day, mostly at night.
Photographer: Martina Nicolls
Martina Nicolls: SIMILAR BUT DIFFERENT IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM


text:
The upper left corner of pages of a standard YetaWF site displays an icon which allows switching between Site Edit Mode and Site View Mode (using the Page Edit Mode Selector Module).
Only authorized users can switch to Site Edit Mode, which allows to edit modules and their settings. Once in Site Edit Mode, additional module icons and actions are available and all available panes are visible.
In Site Edit Mode, many modules render differently than in Site View Mode. In this example, the Text Module allows editing its contents using CKEdit (a full featured editor).
Additional actions are available for most modules displayed along the bottom of the module.
When the mouse cursor hovers over a module in Site Edit Mode, the background color of the module changes so the module's dimensions are easily identifiable.
When the mouse cursor hovers in the upper left corner of a module, the Module Menu is opened, providing access to the module's actions along with additional actions to move the module to another pane or within the pane.
The available actions are module specific. Depending on where the module is located Move To and Move menu entries are available, which can be used to move the module to another pane or move the module within the pane.
Most modules offer Module Settings which display a list of properties for module customization.
If a module stores some form of data, exporting module data to a ZIP file is provided using the Export Module menu entry. Exported module data can then be imported using Control Panel, Import Module tab, which creates a new module. This is an easy way to make a duplicate of a module so the copy can be modified.
The Localization Resource action displays and manages localization resources for the package implementing the module. It is used to translate all strings and resources used by a package into another language. For more information see National Language Support.


text:
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text:
Fuel will become more expensive in the United States in the first half of the year: analysts
In Mexico, the price consumers pay for a liter of gasoline is higher than that of Americans, with differences of more than two pesos per liter, according to data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA).
In a morning conference at the National Palace, the spokesperson Ana Elizabeth García Vilchis, in her section Who is who in the lies, stated: "We started, with the first lie of 2022. They invent gasoline, but they drop the theater. The news cogenerators did not rest at the end of the year and launched a disinformation campaign saying that in 2022 there would be an increase in gasoline, ensuring that it would be at 26 pesos per liter. "
And in the country's gas stations, prices are still above 25 pesos per liter of premium gasoline, and even up to more than 26 pesos, as El Sol de México found in the service station on Mazatlán street, in La Condesa, Mexico City.
According to the EIA, the average price of regular gasoline registered on January 3, 2022, in the United States, was 18.22 pesos per liter.
The most recent data from the Federal Consumer Prosecutor's Office (Profeco) register an average price of 20.72 pesos for each liter of regular gasoline in the country; that is, 2.49 pesos above what Americans pay on average for energy.
For the US market, gasoline is also expected to increase towards the first half of the year. Patrick De Haan, GasBuddy's chief analyst, warned that prices in 2022 will be "up front and loaded."
In an interview with Fox Business, he commented that the highest gasoline prices "will be in the first half of the year." GasBuddy's fuel projections put a national average of four dollars a gallon (84 pesos) as a real possibility for the year that begins.
In the EIA report, among the eight regions considered, the Gulf Coast is where the lowest cost for regular gasoline is found in that country, with a starting price of 16.35 pesos per liter, or 4.37 pesos per above the last average public price released by Profeco, as of December 30, 2021. The difference is 2.53 pesos when compared to the lowest price identified in Mexico of 18.88 per liter, which was located in Puebla capital, under the Mobil brand.
Profeco reported on January 3 that the average price of premium gasoline was 22.69 pesos per liter.
And the EIA cited that the average price for high-octane gasoline was 22.28 pesos, that is, 40 cents below the average Mexican price.
If the lowest cost for premium gasoline on the Gulf Coast, which borders the states of Chihuahua and Coahuila in the north of the country, is taken as a reference of 19.89 pesos, the difference is 1.09 pesos for each liter of gasoline identified with the red color, when taking the lowest price in Mexico reported by Profeco of 20.99 pesos per liter, which was located in two gas stations in Coatzacoalcos and Boca del Río, Veracruz.
In an interview, Óscar Ocampo, Energy coordinator at the Mexican Institute for Competitiveness (Imco), pointed out that the difference is centered on the lack of competition between different actors in Mexico, as well as the lack of physical infrastructure in storage and transportation, as in Storage and Distribution Terminals (TAR).
He added that the energy authorities in the neighboring country can define their prices due to the level of imports in that country, which is more limited in Mexico to only 74 players in the hydrocarbon import market, as he referred that the Ministry of Energy (Sener ) has rejected more than 1,800 import permits, according to Onexpo data.
Ramses Pech, an energy sector analyst, explained that the increase in Mexico is due to a higher cost of refining crude oil, since the processing of crude oil and the value of energy represent 63 percent of the value of gasoline.
In contrast, he pointed out that distribution and marketing are equivalent to 11 percent of the price of gasoline in Mexico, where Pemex has made a greater effort with pipes full of fuel throughout the country.
"The refineries have been modernized in recent years, but the economy is not improving. With the clear departure of the Joe Biden administration from fossil fuels, one wonders if there will be a lot of investment in the United States in refining capacity, "De Haan questioned.
Mexico Daily Post


text:
Extensive earthworks in the Ramla Valley under an EU-funded project which had been halted by the planning authority has resumed at full speed in recent weeks and only stopped once Lovin Malta sent questions to the planning authority and other government entities.
For a week now, rubble has been strewn on the side of the road, and the sides of the valley – which were previously covered in vegetation – which have been dug into the bedrock have been left exposed.
The work destroyed vegetation and some trees, including rare chasteberries, and turned the valley into something akin to a construction site strewn with rubble.
The Gozo Department has already been fined by the Environment and Resources Authority (ERA) and the Managing Authority, which manages EU funds, is investigating work to remove EU funds in the amount of 2.2 million euros.
Yet the Planning Authority (PA) said no new work had been carried out since work stopped last October. In his responses, he said he was 'informed' that only 'repair work' was being done to 'reinforce the collapsing walls and remove all debris from the valley system after this year's storm These urgent works must be carried out to avoid any danger to the public and the free flow of rainwater.
Lovin Malta is posting photos to show that the recent work was in fact a wholesale re-build of the walls in breach of permit conditions agreed with the AP and ERA.
From restoration to thick new walls
The permit had originally been granted for the 'restoration of the rubble stone walls', and the work had to conform to a method statement drawn up by the Gozo Ministry.
The report details the nature of the restoration process using rough stones, light machinery and minimal valley disturbance. He specifically stated that "the project only seeks to work within the footprint of the existing walls maintaining the existing dimensions". He also said there would be "no use of mortar" to build the rubble walls.
Instead, last summer the contractor hired by the Gozo Ministry moved in with heavy diggers and diggers, together with cranes and trucks, and built new, thicker walls – which tripled the footprint – with blocks of globigerina stones. These were then faced with rubble stone, and concrete was poured between the rubble stone and the globigerina slabs, to give them the appearance of rubble stone walls.
The vegetation and the few native chaste ones have been bulldozed.
After Lovin Malta reported on the works in September, the AP ordered a halt to the illegal works and the ERA fined the Gozo ministry for environmental damage to the valley.
Last October, the Palestinian Authority told Lovin Malta that work was "on hold until there is an agreement with the Palestinian Authority and ERA on how these deviations [from the permit granted] are rectified. »
However, work has resumed in recent weeks with the same heaviness of last summer: a strip of land cleared and bedrock dug from the sides of the valley to clear a path for the possible laying of a wall of limestone blocks globigerina nearly 2 meters thick in some sections. Rubble stone is then veneered over this wall with a concrete infill to give the walls a veneer – or appearance – of rubble walls.
The works are silent again and the soil and bedrock profile remained exposed, the day after Lovin Malta's letter to the PA, ERA and the management authority, which is responsible for managing the EU rural funds.
Monitoring and loss of funds
ERA said it had already fined the Gozo Ministry for the earlier destructive work. He said he was monitoring the site.
The project is funded by €2.2 million from the EU's European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and supplemented by an additional €700,000 from national (Maltese) funds. The EU funds were awarded on the basis that the project would fulfill priority area 4 of EU rural development funds: 'Restoration, preservation and enhancement of ecosystems'. Its sub-objectives are to protect and enhance biodiversity, improve water management, and combat erosion and soil management.
The funds were allocated to the Eco-Gozo Directorate, which carried out the project. Eco-Gozo was started about 13 years ago under the Ministry of Gozo. Its objectives are to steer Gozo towards sustainable development and to protect nature in Gozo.
The works are supposed to be controlled by three entities: the PA, the ERA and the SCH (Superintendency of Cultural Heritage). Yet the illegal work has been so extensive that it is doubtful that these entities, or at least some of them, do much surveillance.
In fact, in its responses, the AP simply said that "the AP is advised" that the work in progress is only urgent work "to avoid danger to the public and the free flow of stormwater." This suggests that AP officials did not visit the site.
Meanwhile, the Managing Authority, which administers EU funds, "has stressed that EU funding is only possible when supported projects comply with all relevant laws and regulations".
He said he was currently looking into the matter and could still decide to withdraw the 2.2 million euros in European funds granted for the project.
Discover Lovin Malta's planning website, the country's first transparent and open platform for you to learn about the ins and outs of Malta's urban planning sector.
Victor Paul Borg lived in different countries and worked as an author, journalist and photographer for about 25 years. His work has been widely published in many countries and is also featured on his website, victorborg.com.
What do you think of the project?


Vacuum Sealing Apples to Freeze
Perhaps one of the best ways to preserve apples for later use is the vacuum sealer, which is readily available on the internet or, perhaps, local appliance stores. There are several manufacturers that make these sealers, but the basic procedure is the same.
Basic Equipment Required
The basic equipment necessary for freezing apples is as follows:
1. Large stainless steel or enamel cooking pot to blanch the apples in.
2. Large bowl for the pre-treatment of the apples.
3. Apple corer and sharp paring knife.
4. Long handled slotted spoon to remove apples from blanching pot.
5. Cider vinegar or lemon juice to a ratio of 1 tablespoon to 1 quart of water for pre-treatment solution for apples. NOTE: Some fruits, such as berries, cranberries, grapes, strawberries and rhubarb, will not need this pre-treatment process in order tofreeze. The pre-treatment is basically used to prevent discoloration of light fleshed fruits such as apples, apricots, peaches and pears.
6. Vacuum sealer with bag rolls.
7. Any sugar or spices, such as cinnamon, that you would like to sprinkle on the fruit before freezing.
Method of Vacuum Sealing Apples
Step 1: Choosing Apples for Freezing
Always use the freshest, ripest, most blemish-free apples available when purchasing for home freezing projects. Inspect for blemishes and separate the damaged fruit from the good.
Step 2: Preparing for Blanching
Fill the large cooking pot about two-thirds to the top with water and bring to a slow, gentle boil. While the water is coming to a boil, prepare the apples.
Step 3: Preparing the Apples
Wash, core and slice the apples into wedges. (I do not peel the apples I use in apple pies.) If you prefer your apples peeled, then that will also need to be done in this step.
Peeling can be time consuming if you are processing a lot of apples. There are several methods to accomplish this task, some of which are specifically designed to peel apples, pears and other firm fleshed fruits.
The traditional equipment for this chore is a sharp paring knife or vegetable peeler. Apple corers are also helpful for slicing and coring apples quicker in preparation for pre-treatment.
One of the most efficient ways of peeling apples is by using a manual Apple Peeler and Corer, pictured below. In one easy step it allows you to peel, slice and core an apple in less than 15 seconds! These machines often lets you choose whether or not you want the apples just peeled, or peeled, cored and spirally sliced. With a little practice, you will be able to adjust the machine to your specific requirements and become a pro at peeling apples in record time.
Step 4: Pre-treating the Apples
Pre-treat the apples by soaking the slices in a solution of 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar or fresh squeezed lemon juice to 1 quart of water, (to make a larger amount of pre-treatment, double the above solution recipe), for a minute or two per layer of fruit. Pre-treat the fruit in batches, one layer at a time, until all of the fruit has been pre-treated.
Step 5: Blanching the Apples
Lift fruit out of the pre-treatment bowl with the slotted spoon and drop into the pot containing the boiling water for blanching.
Blanch the fruit for two minutes or so in single layers, and remove from the boiling water into the emptied large bowl that was used to pre-treat the fruit. If you are going to add spices or sugar before freezing, now is the time that you do that. Sprinkle the cinnamon, or other spices, and/or sugars, if desired, over the fruit and stir gently to coat.
Step 6: Vacuum Sealing the Apples
Make a bag big enough for the batch of fruit to be filled into. I like to package the fruit in quantities that would be required for a pie...usually 4 to 6 cups or so (check your fruit pie recipe for specific proportions for your favorite pies).
Place prepared fruit into the sealer bags and load into the front of the vacuum sealer, as pictured below.
Once the opened end has been inserted into the sealer, turn on the sealing machine. As the air is vacuumed out of the bag, re-adjust the bag by lifting it upward to the level of the sealer and guide as much of the air as possible from around the apple slices up toward the sealer.
Once the machine detects that as much air as possible has been removed from the bag, the sealing element engages to seal the bag. The machine will automatically switch off when the process is complete.
Press the button on the top of the machine to release the vacuum seal that has developed during the sealing process. This will release the seal plates and the bag will be easily removed.
If, when the bag is removed from the machine, air rushes back into the bag, then the seal was compromised. Cut off the bad seal, if possible, and reseal the bag.
If you are having trouble getting the bag to seal, then there is probably too much liquid being sucked into the sealer elements, not allowing the machine to connect properly. Drain some of the liquid out of the bag and try again.
Step 7: Freezing the Apple Bags
Place the apple bags into the freezer as flat as possible in a single layer until frozen. Once frozen, the bags can be stacked to minimize the space required to store the apples in the freezer.


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Let's begin with the basic workflow. We have used the IRIS dataset for the workflow.
Splitting Data Into Training Data And Testing Data
For splitting the dataset, we use Data Sampler Widget. Now, we will split the data into two parts, 80% of data for training and 20% for testing. We will send the first 80% onwards to build a model and remaining for testing purpose.
Firstly, connect the file to Data Sampler. Then, click on the Data Sampler and amend the changes you want in the Data Sampler
It selects a subset of data instances from an input dataset.
- Data: input dataset
- Data Sample: sampled data instances (used for training)
- Remaining Data: out-of-sample data (used for testing)
So we have to pass the whole dataset into Data Sampler Widget. By default, the dataset splits into train(70%) and test data(30%) in the Data Sampler. In Data Sampler Widget we will split our dataset into train(80%) and test data(20%).
Effects Of Data Splitting On The Classification Model & Result
To know the effect, first we have to create a workflow which tests the learning algorithms(SVM, KNN and many more)on data and score them. For this we will use Test and Score widget which gets data from Data Sampler and, train, test and score learner algorithm.
Test and Score
Tests learning algorithms on data.
- Data: input dataset
- Test Data: separate data for testing
- Learner: learning algorithm(s)
- Evaluation Results: results of testing classification algorithms.
After splitting the data we have to connect Data Sampler with Test & Score Widget by connecting two lines one for train data and another for test data. so by clicking on link it opens Edit Links and we have to edit links as shown below.
Data sample(80%) -> Data( Train Data )
Remaining Data(20%) -> Test Data
This workflow utilizes Naïve-Bayes, Random Forest, Neural Network, and KNN ( K Nearest Neighbors ) Widgets to create the model. Machine learning methods are used in all of the widgets. You can connect all of your widgets with the Test & Score Widget as learner as done in the generated workflow(see the above images).
Test and Score widget must need two things to test and score as seen in above Test and Score section.
(1) Data ( Train & Test )
(2) Machine Learning Algorithm
Now after sending the models to Test & Score along with Train and Test samples, we observe their performance in the table inside the Test & Score widget. But before observing evaluation result we have to make Test and Score widget to evaluate on test samples by clicking option Test on test data on the left panel of widget as shown in the below figure. Because there are other option available for evaluation such as cross validation, Leave one out, and others. So while using test data we always test our model on test data.
Importance Of Separation Of Test And Training Data
Main importance of data separation is for evaluation purpose. Because overfitting is a common problem while training a model. When a model performs exceptionally well on the data we used to train it, but fails to generalize well to new, previously unseen data points, this phenomena happens.
So test data act as new, previously unseen data points and when model evaluates on the basis of test data we come to know the actual accuracy of model. Alternatively when model evaluates on the basis of train data it gives better accuracy compare to test data, reason behind this is that model already trained on same features which we used for evaluation purpose. But such models are not generalized for real world data they just overfit to training set.
So the effect of splitting data on classification model is nothing but CA(Classification Accuracy). Here we can see that CA for Test on train data(left side) is greater but we know that is not consider as actual accuracy, we really want our model that can generalize to the every test data.
Cross-validation is a statistical method for estimating machine learning model performance (or accuracy). It is used to prevent overfitting in a prediction model, especially when the amount of data available is restricted. In cross-validation, a set number of folds (or partitions) of the data are created, the analysis is conducted on each fold, and the total error estimate is averaged.
Splitting data into train and test data which we had done above is also type of validation called Holdout validation. One technique to improve the holdout method is to use K-fold cross validation. This strategy ensures that our model's score is independent of how we chose the train and test set. The data set is subdivided into k subsets, and the holdout approach is applied to each subset k times.
Efficient Use Of Cross-Validation In Orange
For the same workflow using Test and Score widget we can use cross validation by clicking on option of cross validation on the left panel of widget as shown in the below image. Also we are able to change the value K folds.
As we can see we have used K=10 for cross validation so Number of folds are 10. The data set is subdivided into 10 subsets, and the holdout approach is applied to each subset 10 times.
Effects On Model Output & Accuracy
Cross–validation is a method of evaluating a machine learning model's ability to predict fresh data. It can also be used to detect issues like as overfitting or selection bias, as well as provide information on how the model will generalize to a different dataset. Here instead of single holdout approach it perform K times which provide better Actual accuracy of model. So we can see Cross validation accuracy is less but more accurate or generalize.
Confusion Matrices can also be used for analyzing the output.
This is the practical regarding how visual programming can be performed using Orange3.


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Do butterflies fly above the clouds?
Do butterflies fly above the clouds? Butterflies can fly above the clouds during their flight. This phenomenon generally occurs when they move from one habitat to another with the purpose of emigration for more suitable atmospheric conditions for their body's needs. The migration of butterflies from one place to another usually happens in September and every year.
Of course, most of us admire butterflies and are fascinated by their beauty. The variety of color combinations as well as the beautiful shapes of the wings are very attractive. One of the questions that can be asked about flying species is obviously how high and far they can fly? Various studies and specific research have been able to answer this question, but the fact remains to be discovered how it is possible that they breathe at such a high altitude and how they cope with the pressure.
One of the main advantages that help butterflies in this aspect is undoubtedly the great speed with which they can flap their wings, disrobing in a short time from one space to another. According to studies, we can say that a butterfly can flap its wings up to 1200 times a minute. But with this speed of their wings, how far are they able to fly?
One of the greatest difficulties and enigmas regarding butterflies is undoubtedly their life cycle, which is unique compared to other species and represents a series of difficulties to study. However, different scientists based on their research have reached some common and universally accepted conclusions regarding the life cycle of butterflies. Unlike other species that migrate at certain times of the year, not all types of butterflies migrate to warmer places. Those butterflies that migrate carry out this process as soon as they feel the climatic changes. This is not a process that is easily noticed among ordinary people. Only environmentalists and scientists interested in this phenomenon can distinguish the migration of butterflies.
If a butterfly can fly so high then how high can fly?
Like other species, there are differences between butterflies as some of them prefer to fly at low altitudes and some of them tend to fly all their lives at high altitudes, mountains, hills, etc. The 2 types of butterflies that fly higher are the Yellow Marco Poli Butterfly and the Argus of Nepal, which most of the time fly at an altitude of over 4000 m. But in addition to the positive aspects of flying at these heights, this journey reflects a series of difficulties for butterflies, since at these altitude levels butterflies, like other species, face low oxygen levels that create breathing problems and low temperatures.
What is the reason the butterflies tend to fly up so high?
The main reason is the importance of finding a partner to reproduce. Also, low altitudes allow hiding, while at high altitudes they are many times more exposed to different hunters and can fall prey to different attacks at any time. One of the main reasons why butterflies tend to fly at high altitudes is directly related to their migration from one place to another with better and warmer atmospheric conditions as they are very important for their life cycle.
Does the wind help their flight?
It must have happened to you that during your life you have been in front of butterflies that fly around even when the wind blows and you may have wondered how such fragile creatures are exposed to such natural phenomena that put their lives at risk. But while in some cases the wind is the greatest ally of butterflies during flight, helping them to travel longer distances and saving energy, in some cases the wind can turn into the main opponent and negatively affect their flight, especially when it blows against the direction of the butterflies.
Most butterflies fly between 3 and 30 miles per hour. In those cases when the wind blows in front of them, those who can beat the wind must fly faster than the speed of the wind and in most cases, this costs them a lot of energy and significantly reduces the distance they travel. But with all the difficulties that the wind constantly creates, butterflies, like other species, will try to fly at a higher height precisely by using the speed of the wind which, when it is in the right direction with their flight, can significantly save energy and to increase the distances they travel.
Is raining risky for butterflies?
The weight of butterflies is very small and most of them weigh several times less than the weight of a raindrop. On average, the average weight of a raindrop is 500 mg, while the weight of a butterfly does not exceed 70 mg. This big difference in weight can create serious problems for the butterflies, especially in flight, or a hit from a single point can unbalance them and cause the butterflies to fall to the ground. The weight of the average raindrop is 500 mg, while a butterfly can be about 70 mg.
What about the cold?
Butterflies are species that cannot heat their bodies. This is one of the main problems they have when they fly at high altitudes, as they face a lack of oxygen and low temperatures, since the higher they go, the more the temperature drops. This forces the butterflies to sit down after a while to rest and warm-up. But it should be noted that a minimal amount of heat can be generated by flapping their wings, helping them stay in flight longer.
Final thoughts
"Finally, we can conclude that butterflies can indeed fly above the clouds during their flight. This phenomenon generally occurs when they move from one habitat to another with the purpose of emigration for more suitable atmospheric conditions for their body's needs. The migration of butterflies from one place to another usually happens in September and every year."
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If the bird has been injured by a cat, has an obvious injury to its wing or leg, has something dirty, oily, or sticky in its feathers, or was hit by a car, it needs immediate help. Please review our Emergency Care information.
If not, please review the following tips:
If you have a bird that just flew into a window and is lying stunned on the ground, the injured bird should be picked up gently and placed inside a cardboard box, carrier, or large grocery bag with adequate ventilation. Place a layer of paper toweling on the bottom of the container. Place the bag in the house or garage in a warm, dark, quiet place and leave it alone for 30 minutes. Keep all children and pets away. After the 30 minutes is up, take the bird in the container outside and open the container. Never open the container in the house or garage. The bird should have regained its composure within 30 minutes and fly out of the open container after a few minutes. If the bird doesn't fly out and away after a few minutes, re-cover the container and transport the bird to AHS Golden Valley location as soon as possible to receive professional care.
If you frequently experience birds flying into your window
The bird is probably seeing its own reflection and is trying to drive the "intruder" away. This bird behavior is seen primarily when the birds are busy establishing territories. Putting a non-reflective paper, like newspaper, on the OUTSIDE of the window for a few days will deter the collisions. Some people put streams of colored crepe paper on the OUTSIDE of the window to move in the summer breezes and deter the birds from seeing their reflections and attacking the glass.
If an adult wild bird gets into your house
Try to shut the bird into one room. Cover mirrors, windows or other reflective surfaces. Turn out all the lights, ceiling fans, etc. If the room has a window that you can open, do so and remove the screen so the bird can find his way out. If the room doesn't have a window that can be opened to the outside, make the room as dark as possible. Then get a towel and a small flashlight. Go into the room, and by turning the flashlight on and off, locate where the bird is sitting. Once you know where it is, gently toss the towel over it, scoop up the bird in the towel and take it outside. If you are unable to make the room dark, wait until nighttime to catch the bird. Chasing a bird all around the room will just terrify the bird and perhaps lead to an injury.
If a bird is stuck in your chimney or fireplace
You will probably have to contact a chimney sweep for help in removing it. Any bird that has been stuck in a chimney, fireplace or furnace should not be released until it is cleaned and examined by a rehabilitator.
Animal Humane Society's Golden Valley facility aides care for all wild animals except skunks. We will provide phone advice for skunk situations. Please bring your wild animal directly to the Golden Valley location. If you need further advice or assistance you may call the Wildlife Exam at _PHONE_.


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Defects and defect costs in construction - a study of seven building projects in Sweden
In this paper, results from a study of defects occurring on construction sites are presented. Seven building projects were monitored during the production phase. 2,879 defects were collected, analysed and fully described. Their cost corresponds to 4.4% of the production cost. The time to correct them corresponds to 7% of the total working time. The defects are further analysed according to origin, type and position, as well as according to element of building and activity. Most defects could be ascribed to design and to production management. Common defect types were lack of coordinating design work, mistakes in production planning, erroneous workmanship and late deliveries. The defect cost was high in roofs and in concrete drilling. The possibility to reduce the cost of defects is discussed.


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When doing 802.1X authentication, some devices (e.g., Windows 8.1 and 10) requires server authentication, which requires the server (here is the VigorAP) to present the certificate information to the client. Since firmware version 1.1.7, VigorAP supports Certificate Configuration, which can generate the required certificate itself, and use it for 802.1X authentication. This article demonstrates how to generate a certificate and set up 802.1X authentication on VigorAP.
1. Set up correct system time settings at System Maintenance >> Time and Date, because the certificate has a valid period.
2. Create a Certificate: Go to RADIUS Setting >> X509 Trusted CA Certificate Configuration, click Create Root CA.
3. Fill out the information, then click OK.
4. After the Root CA is generated, click View on the certificate to check the Root CA information.
5. Go to Wireless LAN >>Security Settings, choose "WPA2/802.1X" as wireless security mode, then click on "RADIUS Server" to enter RADIUS server information. You may also enable "Use Internal RADIUS Server" to authenticate the client by local user database.
6. If you use the Internal RADIUS server, go to RADIUS Setting >> RADIUS Server Configuration. Enable RADIUS Server and use EAP-TLS for RADIUS EAP Type, then add user profiles.
7. Now, the VigorAP is ready for connections. For Windows clients, choose the VigorAP's SSID to connect to the wireless network. When being prompted for the credentials, type the username and password which configured on VigorAP's RADIUS server settings. clients could also click "Show certificate details" to check the server certificate.


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|Author: Clara Lawrie||Published: 5th December 2009 17:44|
Christmas is steeped in tradition, but how did these start and where did they come from? For example, why did we all decide it was necessary to send cards or eat Christmas pudding?
It seems that the first recognised commercial Christmas card was produced in England in 1843 by Henry Cole, founder of the Victoria and Albert Museum. It was a hand-coloured print showing a family scene flanked by scenes of Christmas charity ( see image right ).
This was inscribed with the words, A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to You, with space at the top to put the name of the recipient and at the bottom for the name of the sender.
However, it was not until the 1860s that the Christmas card as we know it came into being. Initially these were small cards with a simple greeting, set within an embossed border. Over time, they have evolved into the variety of cards available today.
The origins of the Christmas pudding go back to the 14th century when a type of porridge called frumenty (or furmety) was made by boiling beef and mutton with raisins, currants, prunes, wines and spices. This was similar to soup and was eaten as a fasting dish in preparation for the Christmas festivities.
By 1595, frumenty was beginning to evolve into plum pudding. It was thickened with eggs, breadcrumbs and dried fruit and was given more flavour by the addition of ale and spirits.
Over the years it became the customary Christmas dessert. However, with the arrival of the Puritans in 1664, it was banned as a lewd custom and its rich ingredients described as being unfit for God-fearing people.
In 1714, plum pudding was restored to the Christmas table by George I, who had tasted and enjoyed it, despite objections by the Quakers.
By Victorian times, the plum pudding had evolved into something that looked similar to the Christmas puddings enjoyed by people today. It is now estimated that in the UK more than 40 million people will finish their festive meal with a bit of Christmas pudding.
One of the many customs surrounding the Christmas pudding is that they should be made by the 25th Sunday after Trinity.
They should also be prepared with 13 ingredients - to represent Jesus and his disciples, and every member of the family should take turns to stir the pudding from east to west with a wooden spoon in honour of the three kings.
Another custom is for silver coins to be put into the pudding mixture before it is baked. Whoever finds one will have health, wealth and happiness for the coming year.


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How much does the temperature hold on SARS?
Anna Ivanova
Anna Ivanova
January 8, 2013
45439
How much does the temperature hold on SARS?
ARVI is a viral disease. Its feature is the presence of cough, runny nose, red throat and temperature. Increased temperature in acute respiratory viral infections is the protection of the body against the pathogenic viruses attacking it. With its help, leukocytes are activated in the blood and the active fight against viruses in the body begins. Many are interested in how much the temperature stays with SARS, as its prolonged increase may be a signal to a more serious disease. If you know how many days the temperature of SARS is normal, you will have less reason to worry and drink pounds of unnecessary medication.
Temperature increase
Normally, with SARS, the temperature rise should not last more than 2-3 days, the permissible limit is 5. This time should be more than enough for the body to produce antibodies and defeat the virus. If the temperature has not passed after the required time has passed, then you have a more complicated form of the disease.It may be pneumonia or bronchitis. Such diseases are bacterial, so it is more difficult to fight them. After 5 days no longer do without the help of a doctor. Bacterial infections can only be treated with antibiotics. All due to the fact that the body alone is unable to cope with pathogens.
To bring down the temperature you need only in the case when it exceeds 38.5 ° C and it is difficult for you to tolerate it. Artificially lowering the temperature, we do not allow the body to fight infection. As a result, you can even get the complications of the disease.
Do not go to extremes and tolerate too high a temperature. Its change above 39 ° C (especially 40 and above) leads to damage to the central nervous system as a result of the breakdown of proteins. You can not tolerate such a temperature. It is imperative to take action - drink an antipyretic agent and call a doctor. After taking the medication do not expect that the body temperature drops to normal, this should not be. You just need to bring it to a normal level, which will be more or less comfortable. Learn more about what to bring down the temperature in an adult, you can from the article "How to bring down the temperature in an adult?".
To deal with the temperature of the child is much more difficult and dangerous.She can climb almost instantly. Therefore, do not hesitate and call the pediatrician. In the absence of qualified medical care, you can lower the temperature yourself at home. How to do it correctly and what means to use for the child's body, you will learn here: "How can the child's temperature be brought down?".
From the article we can draw conclusions about how much the temperature is kept when there is ARVI. The amount of time must be at least two and not more than five days. At the expiration of the maximum period begin to appear complications.
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