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There is a new cause for concern for teen drug use trending across the United States but it does not involve drugs – it's hand sanitizer. If you are thinking, can my teen get high from drinking hand sanitizer, the answer is yes.
Hand sanitizer, such as your basic bottle of Purell is 60 to 65 percent alcohol, which translates to two shots of 80 proof vodka. Some teens mix Listerine with salt and hand sanitizer for a concoction that is known as a hand sanity fix, Mr. Clean's Tears and hand sanitrippin.
Hand sanitizer contains rubbing alcohol or isopropyl alcohol and is toxic to your central nervous system. The side effects from drinking hand sanitizer can lead to diarrhea, vision problems, memory loss and damage to internal organs. Teens drinking hand sanitizer can experience alcohol poisoning which can lead to coma and death.
Teens that participate in this type of risky behavior are putting not only their current health at risk but also their futures. Between the ages of 12 and 20, individuals go through a number of physiological and psychological changes that help them develop into adults. Teens that drink hand sanitizer, or use alcohol and drugs, put their developmental future in jeopardy.
If your teen is drinking hand sanitizer or using drugs and alcohol, they may need to enroll in a program that focuses on teens. There are many reasons why teens may turn to substance use and other risky behaviors; these reasons can include peer pressure, bullying, academic pressures, problems at home to name a few. It is possible that your teen may need detox before they enroll in a rehab or alternative program. Most doctors recommend IV therapy medical detox.
IV therapy medical detox is supervised by a physician and intravenous therapy is important because it allows the physician to make changes to the medication as the withdrawal symptoms change. This keeps the patient comfortable and makes it possible for them to complete the detox process safely.
St. Jude Retreats offers a cognitive behavioral education program that teaches teens to utilize self assessment to identify problematic thought and behavior patterns so they can implement real lifestyle changes and take control of their lives. Guests learn to build habits and behaviors that are positive and that give purpose to their life. Our guests see an increase in their self confidence and self esteem and they discover that they can have a life that is permanently free from substance use problems
Some teens find that they can benefit from an additional four week program that focuses on the challenges that they will encounter once they return home and to school. The PREP or Personal Review and Enhancement Program at St. Jude Retreats can help your teen with academic progress, as well applying to college and military entrance preparation and planning their future. There is nothing more important for a teen than envisioning a future filled with excitement and success.


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III. MECHANISMS FOR INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS INTO SECTOR POLICIES AND FOR MONITORING 20
F. Strengths and weaknesses and advantages and disadvantages of monitoring mechanisms
In the case of EIAs in general (including the tea sector) an inherent strength in the monitoring mechanism is the necessity for PAA to forward the plan to monitor implementation to CEA within 30 days of project approval. However, the weaknesses appear to be centred in the capacity of PAAs to regularly undertake field-level monitoring of the approved projects. That constraint is evident within the Ministry of Plantation Industries as it does not have the staff resources nor apparently a clear understanding of the monitoring role it is expected to play.
Another complication that may arise in the tea sector lies in producing a meaningful assessment of the effectiveness of any mitigatory measures, as a result of the difficulties faced in measuring major environmental impacts such as soil erosion and soil degradation, as well as their downstream external impacts. On the other hand, an inherent advantage for the sector is the ease with which monitoring can be undertaken of compliance with project implementation conditions laid down in the EIA to minimize soil erosion and soil degradation. As experience is gained from the implementation of EIAs for the tea sector, solutions to the constraints indicated above are expected to emerge.
An inherent strength of the processing activities related to the tea sector is that they are listed as low-polluting activities. Instances related to the discharge of toxic effluents and their adverse impacts on natural resources (water bodies) have been rare so far in he tea sector. In fact, only one instance, which concerned a relatively complex processing activity in the sector, has necessitated any action by CEA.
The tasks of issuing of EPLs and subsequent monitoring for normal processing activities in the tea sector have been delegated to the local authorities by CEA. For that purpose, CEA has laid down effluent disposal standards (maximum permitted levels of certain chemicals etc.) and the effluent treatment methodology that should be followed in order to mitigate any impact on natural resources. That is an important step because, in Sri Lanka, effluents are often discharged into water bodies and sometimes on arable land areas, thus posing a potential health hazard.
CEA has adequate laboratory facilities (with the exception of emission monitoring equipment) for testing effluents related to processing activities. Such services are also provided by other State and private sector agencies on a commercial basis. However, CEA lacks the staff resources needed for undertaking field-level monitoring over large areas. A strength in the monitoring mechanism at the field level is the requirement for the local authorities to send monthly progress reports to CEA concerning EPLs issued by them for processing activities. However, according to CEA, a disadvantage at the local authority level is the turnover that often occurs in monitoring staff, which results in inadequate awareness of the enforcement standards as well as the monitoring procedures.
Another weakness in the system is the ideological conflicts that sometimes occur between the local authorities and Provincial Councils, which adversely affects monitoring. Those differences may also be related to the more stringent standards enforced by some Provincial Councils under the provincial regulations and laws enacted by them.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Complex behaviors are a form of bytecode instruction.
There are 512 bytes of 2b offsets for each tileID's complex behavior.
These offsets are of the complex behavior code.
The 2b after the offset table is the length in bytes of the complex behavior code.
Each complex behavior code ends with a null.
The command byte is interpreted by it's specific bits.
The higher bit's argument bytes come first, and are applied first.
If a command is conditional, and it is false, the rest of the commands will not be applied.
|bit no. (high->low)||[do if] False||[do if] True|
|bit 7||(NO-OP)||Do if randInt(0,X) is zero|
|bit 6||(NO-OP)||Do if next to tileID|
|bit 5||(NO-OP)||Set this tile to tileID|
|bit 3||Skip next bit.||Interpret next bit.|
|bit 2||remove item,amount from player inventory.||remove item,amount from the container at this tile.|
|bit 1||Skip next bit.||Interpret next bit.|
|bit 0||add item,amount to player inventory.||add item,amount to the container at this tile.|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Preparing a Healthcare Facility for a Major Storm
Even after starting a new year, we have only recently begun to understand the tragedy and destruction left behind by the hurricane season of 2017. With an estimated cost of over $200 billion from Hurricanes Maria, Irma, and Harvey, last year's hurricane season brought some of the most dangerous and expensive hurricanes to the United States. To prepare for this year's storm season, we have created a helpful list of items that need to be checked prior to a storm:
- Backup Generator – Generators should be tested on a regular basis, but most importantly, make sure to inspect these on the immediate days preceding a major storm. It is also a good precautionary step to reevaluate the placement of the backup generator to prevent potential water damage from storm surges.
- Master Contact List – You can prepare for a storm's aftermath by creating a physical contact list with emergency contacts, such as government agencies, key stakeholders, and damage restoration services for healthcare facilities.
- Supply – As first responders to a major disaster, it is important to stock up on enough supplies, such as fuel, medical supplies, food, and clean water for the days following the emergency event.
If a storm has damaged your facility, it is important to contain infection and damage to only the affected area. DKI Services damage restoration for healthcare utilizes STARC Airtight Containment so you can continue seeing patients while we restore your facility.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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|Biology Demonstration Manual (Peace Corps, 1993, 35 p.)|
Lesson: Les levures
Rationale: Show evidence of yeast respiration.
Materials: piece of bread
1. Show a piece of bread.
2. Explain that the holes are caused by the carbon dioxide given off by the yeast and then trapped in the bread dough before baking.
Source: Belin Sciences et Techniques Biologiques 6, p. 79.


The Moduli Space of Elliptic Curves
A moduli space is a kind of "parameter space" that "classifies" mathematical objects. Every point of the moduli space stands for a mathematical object, in such a way that mathematical objects which are more similar to each other are closer and those that are more different from each other are farther apart. We may use the notion of equivalence relations (see Modular Arithmetic and Quotient Sets) to assign several objects which are in some sense "isomorphic" to each other to a single point.
We have discussed on this blog before one example of a moduli space – the projective line (see Projective Geometry). Every point on the projective line corresponds to a geometric object, a line through the origin. Two lines which have almost the same value of the slope will be closer on the projective line compared to two lines which are almost perpendicular.
Another example of a moduli space is that for circles on a plane – such a circle is specified by three real numbers, two coordinates for the center and one positive real number for the radius. Therefore the moduli space for circles on a plane will consist of a "half-volume" of some sort, like 3D space except that one coordinate is restricted to be strictly positive. But if we only care about the circles up to "congruence", we can ignore the coordinates for the center – or we can also think of it as simply sending circles with the same radius to a single point, even if they are centered at different points. This moduli space is just the positive real line. Every point on this moduli space, which is a positive real number, corresponds to all the circles with radius equal to that positive real number.
We now want to construct the moduli space of elliptic curves. In order to do this we will need to first understand the meaning of the following statement:
Over the complex numbers, an elliptic curve is a torus.
We have already seen in Elliptic Curves what an elliptic curve looks like when graphed in the xy plane, where x and y are real numbers. This gives us a look at the points of the elliptic curve whose coordinates are real numbers, or to put it in another way, these are the real numbers x and y which satisfy the equation of the elliptic curve.
When we look at the points of the elliptic curve with complex coordinates, or in other words the complex numbers which satisfy the equation of the elliptic curve, the situation is more complicated. First off, what we actually have is not what we usually think of as a curve, but rather a surface, in the same way that the complex numbers do not form a line like the real numbers do, but instead form a plane. However, even though it is not easy to visualize, there is a function called the Weierstrass elliptic function which provides a correspondence between the (complex) points of an elliptic curve and the points in the "fundamental parallelogram" of a lattice in the complex plane. We can think of "gluing" the opposite sides of this fundamental parallelogram to obtain a torus. This is what we mean when we say that an elliptic curve is a torus. This also means that there is a correspondence between elliptic curves and lattices in the complex plane.
We will discuss more about lattices later on in this post, but first, just in case the preceding discussion seems a little contrived, we elaborate a bit on the Weierstrass elliptic function. We must first discuss the concept of a holomorphic function. We have discussed in An Intuitive Introduction to Calculus the concept of the derivative of a function. Now not all functions have derivatives that exist at all points; in the case that the derivative of the function does exist at all points, we refer to the function as a differentiable function.
The concept of a holomorphic function in complex analysis (analysis is the term usually used in modern mathematics to refer to calculus and its related subjects) is akin to the concept of a differentiable function in real analysis. The derivative is defined as the limit of a certain ratio as the numerator and the denominator both approach zero; on the real line, there are limited ways in which these quantities can approach zero, but on the complex plane, they can approach zero from several different directions; for a function to be holomorphic, the expression for its derivative must remain the same regardless of the direction by which we approach zero.
In previous posts on topology on this blog we have been treating two different topological spaces as essentially the same whenever we can find a bijective and continuous function (also known as a homeomorphism) between them; similarly, we have been treating different algebraic structures such as groups, rings, modules, and vector spaces as essentially the same whenever we can find a bijective homomorphism (an isomorphism) between two such structures. Following these ideas and applying them to complex analysis, we may treat two spaces as essentially the same if we can find a bijective holomorphic function between them.
The Weierstrass elliptic function is not quite holomorphic, but is meromorphic – this means that it would have been holomorphic everywhere if not for the "lattice points" where there exist "poles". But it is alright for us, because such a lattice point is to be mapped to the "point at infinity". All in all, this allows us to think of the complex points of the elliptic curve as being essentially the same as a torus, following the ideas discussed in the preceding paragraph.
Moreover, the torus has a group structure of its own, considered as the direct product group \text{U}(1)\times\text{U}(1) where \text{U}(1) is the group of complex numbers of magnitude equal to 1 with the law of composition given by the multiplication of complex numbers. When the complex points of the elliptic curve get mapped by the Weierstrass elliptic function to the points of the torus, the group structure provided by the "tangent and chord" or "tangent and secant" construction becomes the group structure of the torus. In other words, the Weierstrass elliptic function provides us with a group isomorphism.
All this discussion means that the study of elliptic curves becomes the study of lattices in the complex plane. Therefore, what we want to construct is the moduli space of lattices in the complex plane, up to a certain equivalence relation – two lattices are to be considered equivalent if one can be obtained by multiplying the other by a complex number (this equivalence relation is called homothety). Going back to elliptic curves, this corresponds to an isomorphism of elliptic curves in the sense of algebraic geometry.
Now given two complex numbers \omega_{1} and \omega_{2}, a lattice \Lambda in the complex plane is given by
\Lambda=\{m\omega_{1}+n\omega_{2}|m,n\in\mathbb{Z}\}
For example, setting \omega_{1}=1 and \omega_{2}=i, gives a "square" lattice. This lattice is also the set of all Gaussian integers. The fundamental parallelogram is the parallelogram formed by the vertices 0, \omega_{1}, \omega_{2}, and \omega_{1}+\omega_{2}. Here is an example of a lattice, courtesy of Alvaro Lozano-Robledo:
fundamental_parallelogram
The fundamental parallelogram is in blue. Here is another, courtesy of Sam Derbyshire:
200px-lattice_torsion_points-svg
Because we only care about lattices up to homothety, we can "rescale" the lattice by multiplying it with a complex number equal to \frac{1}{\omega_{1}}, so that we have a new lattice equivalent under homothety to the old one, given by
\Lambda=\{m+n\omega|m,n\in\mathbb{Z}\}
where
\displaystyle \tau=\frac{\omega_{2}}{\omega_{1}}.
We can always interchange \omega_{1} and \omega_{2}, but we will fix our convention so that the complex number \tau=\frac{\omega_{2}}{\omega_{1}}, when written in polar form \tau=re^{i\theta} always has a positive angle \theta between 0 and 180 degrees. If we cannot obtain this using our choice of \omega_{1} and \omega_{2}, then we switch the two.
Now what this means is that a complex number \omega, which we note is a complex number in the upper half plane \mathbb{H}=\{z\in \mathbb{C}|\text{Im}(z)>0\}, because of our convention in choosing \omega_{1} and \omega_{2}, uniquely specifies a homothety class of lattices \Lambda. However, a homothety class of lattices may not always uniquely specify such a complex number \tau. Several such complex numbers may refer to the same homothety class of lattices.
What \omega_{1} and \omega_{2} specify is a choice of basis (see More on Vector Spaces and Modules) for the lattice \Lambda; we may choose several different bases to refer to the same lattice. Hence, the upper half plane is


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This session introduces pupils to some of the amazing ancient wax seals in our collection. The aim of the workshop is to give pupils an understanding of how seals were made, how and why they were used, and what the images used on them mean.
For the first activity, we look at royal seals from the time of Edward the Confessor up to the present day. Pupils identify different elements of the designs and compare how they have changed and developed over the last thousand years. Pupils also have a close look at some of the seals belonging to Tudor kings and queens to see what particular impression each one tried to create about themselves on their seal.
For the second activity, we look at personal seals that belonged to barons, knights, ladies, craftsmen, religious houses and ordinary people in medieval and Tudor times. Pupils work out why each person chose the design they did for their seal, and discuss how this can help us understand people in the past. Finally, pupils get to try designing their own seal on paper using the knowledge and ideas they have gained during the workshop to create images that are appropriate to their life and interests.
This session can be delivered as a
- Virtual classroom


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Tropical Storm Xavier, which strengthens as it moves east-northeast and is located southwest of the coasts of Colima and Jalisco, reported the National Meteorological Service (SMN).
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In its Tropical Cyclone notice for the Pacific Ocean, the agency noted that Xavier is the first tropical cyclone to reach the letter "X" since the year 1992, in the Pacific basin.
Xavier is located 500 kilometers southwest of Manzanillo, Colima, moving east-northeast at 13 kilometers per hour (km / hr) with maximum sustained winds of 85 km / h and gusts of 100 km / h.
The storm has the potential to bring rains to the western portion of the country, for which extreme precautions is requested to the general population in the areas of the states mentioned by rains, wind, and waves (including maritime navigation) and to comply with the recommendations issued by the authorities of the National System of Civil Protection, in each entity.


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We are excited to announce an upcoming symposium dedicated to exploring the profound intersections of sustainability, resiliency, design decisions, and policy within the context of decarbonization. This full-day program includes discussion topics ranging from "Whole Building Life Cycle Analysis" and "Materials" to "Resiliency" and "Policy Response to the Climate Crisis," among other sessions. Our distinguished speakers, each possessing extensive expertise in their respective fields, will offer insight on the considerations and decisions that intricately shape our built environment in the pursuit of decarbonization.
Stadium 974 and Circulating Matters—one a steel-frame stadium built for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the other a small temporary timber installation—are two different case studies in implementing Circular Economy principles in construction. This brief presentation highlights some of the design methods used to allow for design for disassembly, and for the use of salvaged materials in new construction projects.
Further information on the symposium can be found here.


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I was watching a few sci-fi movies and was wondering the real science explaining what would happen if you were to be subject to the conditions of outerspace.
I read the wikipedia article on space exposure, but was still confused. If a person was about the same distance from the sun as earth is, would they still freeze to death? (as shown in the movie Sunshine)
I'm reading from all sorts of sites with conflicting information about what would actually happen when a person is exposed to the vacuum of space...
share|improve this question
You would definitely freeze, but it might take a day or so for your whole body to freeze solid, depending on all the variables. – endolith Nov 26 '12 at 22:48
Possible duplicates: physics.stackexchange.com/q/3076/2451 and links therein. – Qmechanic Jan 27 '13 at 14:44
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4 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
You'd freeze to death faster in the Atlantic ocean.
Space has essentially no thermal conductivity. All the heat you lose will be radiated away. According to the Stefan-Boltzman law, $W = \sigma T^4$, you would lose at most 500 watts per square meter of body surface area. By contrast, the convective heat transfer coefficient in water is about 12,500 watts/square meter / degree Kelvin temperature difference. So, I think freezing would be the least of your concerns.
share|improve this answer
But what about evaporative cooling from the liquid boiling off the surface of your skin/inside of mouth/lungs, etc? – endolith Nov 26 '12 at 22:33
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They would freeze.
They wouldn't freeze to death - since they would die of something else (lack of oxygen) first
Although a small part of you is facing a hot sun at 6000K most of your surface is facing cold dark space at 3K. You can work out what temperature you will reach - it depends only on how reflective you are.
Assuming you have the same reflectivity as the earth (35%) and you aren't close enough to the earth to receive any significant heat from it then you would end up at about the same temperature the Earth would have without the greenhouse effect of it's atmosphere = which is about -20C.
If you were made of much darker material like the moon - you would get much colder. Parts of the moon not facing the sun or earth get down to around -150C
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Just want to add that freezing is 'not an issue'.
The problem is that water boiling temperature gets lower at lower pressure.
In vacuum blood boils even at 36.6, so all your blood circulation is stopped immediately due to bubbles of blood (water) vapor. So you loose consciousness in few seconds, and die in minutes due to lack of oxygen in brain.
If you would rotate around yourself at ~60RPM and not wearing white, you should nor freeze nor fry in short term (minutes). If you would freeze - then earth would also freeze. As earth is at equilibrium at 20C, you should be near it too if you are not wearing white.
share|improve this answer
The argument that the earth's equilibrium temperature would be identical to a body's ignores a great deal of important detail. Just for starters, (a) the earth generates heat at its core, (b) the "green house" effect, (c) neither are black bodies, etc. – Carl Brannen Jun 24 '11 at 4:00
and wearing white or green or black wouldn't change your equilibrium temperature, it would simply change the speed with which you approached equilibrium. It changes your albedo. – mwengler Aug 18 '12 at 3:27
This says the blood will not boil. The reason you lose consciousness after 10 seconds is because that's how long the body takes to use up all the oxygen in your blood. – endolith Nov 26 '12 at 22:42
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Remember the pressure in your body is 14.7 lb at sea level.So first, whatever air you have is now at that pressure in your lungs. An inexperienced diver experiences this when he dives 10 m taking a lung full of air and surfaces without exhaling.He will be lucky if he doesn't die from it. So you exhale... now if something does not burst in your body because of internal pressure or nitrogen gassing in your blood, well then you can die from lack of oxygen. Dissipation of heat is one of the biggest problems to a body in space. If the body is not rotating one side will cook and the other will freeze. If its rotating just right it will become a new moon<-- he he.
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text: In our latest work published in Biomedical Optics Express, Tara Urner et al. present quantification of the average morphology of cardiac waveforms in the cerebral blood flow signal measured with diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), and how these waveforms behave in response to vasomotor changes. Pulse waveform analysis has long been used with the current state-of-the-art technique for capturing macrovascular blood flow – transcranial doppler ultrasound (TCD) – but cardiac pulsatility at the microvascular level in the brain has only recently become accessible at the bedside using DCS. Several groups have taken initial steps towards applying waveform analysis to DCS-derived blood flow for clinical applications, but knowledge of what "normal" waveforms should look like has been lacking. This work aims to lay the groundwork for future clinical applications of DCS combined with waveform analysis by presenting typical resting-state values for a variety of morphological features as well as quantify waveform response to a vasoactive stimulus. The authors found that the blood flow waveform exhibited marked changes with vasodilation including increasing pulse amplitude and area under the curve. Additionally, significant sex-based difference were observed in the waveform, consistent with previous findings with TCD. These exciting results set the stage for DCS-derived blood flow waveform morphology to provide much-needed noninvasive biomarkers of cerebrovascular health and disease.


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Research Matters: Eric Posner on "Quadratic Vote Buying as Efficient Corporate Governance"
Research Matters is a biweekly feature in which a member of the faculty talks about some of his or her latest work and its impact and relevance to law and society.
Eric Posner, Kirkland & Ellis Distinguished Service Professor of Law, and E. Glen Weyl, Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago, wrote "Quadratic Vote Buying as Efficient Corporate Governance," to be published in the next issue of the University of Chicago Law Review. The authors promote a new voting system for shareholders called Quadratic Vote Buying. They argue that Quadratic Vote Buying would avoid many of the pitfalls of the one-share, one-vote, majority-rule system that is predominant in today's corporations. Posner spoke about the research.
Q. How did this research come to be?
A. My coauthor, Glen Weyl, invented the idea of Quadratic Vote Buying. In talking with him about it, it occurred to us that it would be a very useful idea in the context of corporate governance. Corporations are governed by shareholders, and shareholders govern by voting, but the voting system shareholders use doesn't work very well. Quadratic Vote Buying should improve corporate governance.
Q. How does that work?
A. Under the current system, shareholders pay for voting, in effect. You get one vote per share. If you own 1,000 shares you get 1,000 votes, if you have one share you get one vote, and then usually majority rule determines what happens. The way quadratic voting works, or one way it could work, is that if you're a shareholder you get to buy votes, and you can buy as many votes as you want, regardless of how many shares you own. When you buy a vote, you pay an amount that's the square of the number of votes that you cast. If you want to cast one vote, it costs a dollar, and if you want to cast 10 votes, it costs $100. If you want to cast 100 votes, it costs $10,000, and so forth. The amount collected is then redistributed back to shareholders pro rata. The basic idea is that when a person votes, what he's trying to do is influence the outcome of the election in his favor. So if you're a shareholder and you want the firm to merge, you're going to vote in favor of a merger because you think it's going to benefit you. And we want people to vote in order to express their interests and to influence the outcome, but the problem is, when you vote, you're not taking into account the people who disagree with you, whose interests are the opposite. You're trying to outvote them. Voting has this mixed quality. It's both good in allowing people to express their preferences, but it's bad in that, if enough people express their preferences in one way, they could harm people whose preferences are different.
The genius of quadratic voting is that if you make people pay the square of their votes, you actually force them to balance these two effects. One way to think about that is if you don't really care about the outcome, but you slightly prefer one outcome to another, you might buy one or two votes. But you're also not going to affect the outcome very much, because there are all these other people voting. On the other hand, if you care a lot about an outcome, then you should be able to express that by casting a lot of votes. The more votes you cast, the more likely that you're going to be the pivotal voter who causes the outcome to come out one way, with the result that you could hurt a lot of people. The way to make sure that you only do that when you're really sure that you're right, and that your interests are really at stake, is to make the amount of money that you pay increase rapidly, given the number of votes. So if you want to have a huge influence on the outcome, you can, but you have to pay a vast amount of money to do that. That money will be redistributed back to all voters pro rata, at least partially compensating those who are outvoted.
Q. Why is this interesting to you personally?
A. Corporate governance is an important topic, and people are quite unhappy with the current system. So it's exciting to be able to contribute an idea that could be valuable for something that's of importance. And in addition, I've always been interested in the question of how to distribute public goods which, in this context, would be something like the merger of a corporation. But we're also writing about other contexts, such as a government's decision to build a park, or New York City's bike share program. New York could have used Quadratic Vote Buying to figure out whether people really wanted this bike share program, for example. It's possible that Quadratic Vote Buying could be used by the government to determine what's in the public's interest in all kinds of settings—which is the holy grail of policymaking.
Q. What can change or be influenced by this?
A. At the most general level, corporations are free to change the voting system. And if we're right, they should and will, or at least some should and will. But a more specific application is to "poison pills," which are devices that corporations use to prevent hostile takeovers. If an outsider tries to buy a lot of shares, the poison pill automatically makes it cheaper for insiders to buy more shares, so it's going to be harder to outvote them. Poison pills are generally frowned upon, because people think it's a way for the management of a firm to entrench itself. But there's also the argument that they could be good, because sometimes these hostile takeovers cause a lot of harm to the organization. But if the typical poison pill were replaced by Quadratic Vote Buying, where people would vote on the merger in the way I've described, that would be a way of balancing these two interests – the interest on the one hand of preventing bad mergers, and the interest on the other hand of preventing the management from entrenching itself.
Q. What's next?
A. Glen and I are writing about how Quadratic Vote Buying can be used in other settings. Glen, for example, has written about the application of Quadratic Vote Buying to eminent domain, and he and I have both been thinking about its application to local governance and politics. And we're writing a paper now on how Quadratic Vote Buying can be used for improving the law of corporate reorganization.


Alberta glacial melt about 3 times higher than average during heat wave, glaciologist estimates
The heat wave that scorched most of Western Canada last week accelerated the melting of alpine glaciers, a glaciologist at the University of Alberta told the Calgary Eyeopener on Tuesday.
Water levels surged when heat hit alpine regions
Heat Dome takes bite out of Rocky Mountain Glaciers
3 months ago
Record heat spills glacial water into rivers, speeding receding ice 1:22
"It's very concerning," said Jeffrey Kavanaugh, an associate professor of earth and atmospheric sciences.
In the mountains, temperatures cool down about 1 C with every 100 metres of elevation gain — but when record-breaking temperatures swept through the Rockies, even the highest alpine regions couldn't escape it.
Kavanaugh found that from June 25 to July 4, the average temperature, including night temperatures, was 17.4 C at the Bow Summit in Banff National Park. In the past 12 years, the average temperature during the same period at that weather station was 8.5 C.
"A nine or 10 degree abnormality in temperature will cause a lot more melting," said Kavanaugh.
He estimated, based on data from the Agriculture and Forestry Department of Alberta and Environment Canada, that the resulting melt from glaciers during the same 10-day period was about three times higher than normal, compared with the past 12 years.
That "pulse" of meltwater travelled from the Bow Summit to Lake Louise and then to the Bow River in Calgary, where water levels were high and fast several days later.
In other parts of the Rockies, rapid glacial melting caused flooding.
Three hiking trails in Mount Robson Provincial Park in B.C. are closed until July 18, 2021, due to flooding from fast melting glaciers. (Sean Allin)
"Please be advised that with the extreme hot weather, river levels are extremely high," officials for Mount Robson Provincial Park in B.C. warned on June 30. On July 1, three hiking trails needed to be closed because of damage from flooding waters.
Important water source disappearing
As accelerated melting causes glaciers to retreat faster, that's bad news for our water supply.
"We rely on glacier flow a lot more than we realize," said Kavanaugh, explaining that when snowmelt, rainfall and snowfall are low, glaciers pick up the slack.
"Our agriculture, our industry, our populations rely quite strongly on these waters to get us through the summer," he said. "And so as we see the glaciers retreating, we're also seeing those sources of water in the summertimes retreat."
It's a point of concern for Calgary, which relies on the Bow River for nearly 60 per cent of its water, according to the city. But it's not just Calgary that is at risk when glaciers disappear; the entire watershed is affected.
"These rivers continue on to Saskatchewan and Manitoba, up to Hudson Bay," said Kavanaugh. "And so all of the communities downstream, all the industry and agriculture downstream, also rely on this water, especially during summer."
Retreating glaciers will cause 'drastic change'
A 2015 study published in Nature Geoscience predicted that 70 per cent of glaciers in Western Canada will be completely gone by 2100 — and that the fastest rate of ice loss, corresponding to higher rates of meltwater to rivers, will happen from 2020 to 2040.
"This is going to be a drastic change," said Kavanaugh. "Right now, I hate to use the word 'enjoying,' but we are enjoying an additional amount of water in the summer because these glaciers are losing their reservoirs, they're retreating.
"It's high times right now for us, but they will not last."
With files from the Calgary Eyeopener.
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Streak to Amazon RDS
How To Replicate Streak Data to Amazon RDS
Copying Streak data to Amazon RDS cannot be simpler. You just need to perform the following three simple steps.
Step 1
Specify necessary connection parameters for Streak.
Step 2
Specify necessary connection parameters for Amazon RDS.
Step 3
Select Streak objects to replicate.
Powerful Replication Features
Automatic Schema Creation
You don't need to prepare the Amazon RDS database — Skyvia creates the tables, corresponding to the Streak objects, in the data warehouse automatically.
Complete or Partial Replication
With Skyvia you can extract and load all the data from a Streak object or disable loading for some Streak object fields. You can also configure filters for data to replicate.
Change Data Capture
Skyvia not just copies Streak data to Amazon RDS once, it can keep your Amazon RDS database up-to-date with Streak automatically, ensuring you always have fresh data for data analysis without any user intervention.
Optimized Data Loading
True ETL — Data Import Tool
If you need more than just to copy data from Streak to Amazon RDS, you may use Skyvia's powerful data import functionality. Skyvia's data import tools will correctly extract Streak data, transform it, and load to Amazon RDS when Amazon RDS tables have different structure than Streak objects.
Automation and Monitoring
Flexible Scheduling
Use flexible scheduling settings to automate replication
Detailed Logging
Email Notifications
Enable email notifications and always know if anything goes wrong.
Integrate Streak and Amazon RDS with minimal effort and in only a few clicks!


text:
Posted by: Loren Coleman on November 10th, 2010
Neandertals left their tracks, above, behind. Have they left more with us? In our toes?
Yes, it is called the Celtic toe, Morton's toe, or the Roman toe. The medical profession tends to think something is wrong with having a Celtic toe, and it is labeled a Morton's toe. Some people have them cut off, as if there is some kind of pathology involved with having such a large digit. Archaeology has discussed the finds of such toes for years.
Ten percent of all Americans have them (due to their Irish-Scottish background, reportedly), but some nationalities, like Greeks, have these toes show up 90% of the time. Lady Liberty of the famed Ellis Island's Statue of Liberty has Celtic toes.
Some highly speculative notions have been published that the Celtic toe is Neandertal in nature. But do the tracks of Neandertals even show Celtic toes?
Most Bigfooters don't think that the Celtic toe ever shows up in Bigfoot/Sasquatch tracks? Is that true? Not really.
Are all toes of Bigfoot really only gradually shorter than their large toes? Variety is the key here. In the tracks of Sasquatch, for example in the Grays Harbor series of 1982, it does seem there is evidence of apparent Celtic toes. In the Patterson-Gimlin Filmsite tracks, Celtic toes are not visible.
Visitors to the International Cryptozoology Museum sometimes share their Celtic and other intriguing toes with the staff.
How many of you have a Celtic toe?
A photograph (directly below) of a 1.5 million-year-old footprint found among others at a Northern Kenya site showing good definition of the toe pads; the second toe is partially obscured by the third toe (but is longer than the big toe). The researchers identified the footprints as probably belonging to a member of Homo ergaster, an early form of Homo erectus. Credit: Matthew Bennett/Bournemouth University, Feb 2009.


text:
The Technical Details: Determining Delta Values
When we talk about the isotopic ratio in a sample, we talk about the delta value. Let's look at how a delta value is actually calculated:
- The first step in figuring out the δ13C for a sample is to find the ratio of 13C to 12C within the sample.
Next compare (by dividing) this ratio to the ratio of 13C to 12C in a standard.
- There is a specific standard, with a known, unchanging ratio of 13C to 12C that all laboratories use in their comparison. For the stable carbon isotopes, this standard is a limestone (called Pee Dee Belemnite—or PDB) from South Carolina. Although PDB is no longer run as the standard, other carbonates (with a known, unchanging 13C to 12C ratio) are used and compared on the PDB scale. The carbonate standard is reacted with an acid to create gaseous CO2, so that the sample and standard are both in the same phase.
- Often the sample and standard may have very similar ratios of the two stable isotopes, which will give you a value very close to (but not exactly) 1.
Two sample bellows are used so that the sample is compared to a standard
Many samples that actually have different ratios of 13C to 12C will give what seems like similar values (say, for example, 0.99 and 0.98). These samples do have different isotopic ratios, but this is hard to see when they only differ after the decimal point. To make this difference easier to see, 1 is subtracted from this value, and then this new calculation is multiplied by 1,000 to give the actual δ13C of the sample.
- This makes it much easier to see the difference between two samples. For the ratios of 0.99 and 0.98, the delta values are -10‰ and -20‰ respectively.
The equation for this is:
Making the Values More "Friendly"
Even when comparing samples with ratios of 13C to 12C of 0.99 and 0.98, the delta notation is much easier. Well, when we look at ratios that atmospheric scientists actually study, it becomes infinitely easier to compare using delta notation–in fact it would be too difficult without!
|Carbon Pool||13C||Actual ratio of 13C to 12C|
|Ocean & Atmosphere||-8‰||0.011142|
Why Go Through This Much Work?
This seems like an awful lot of calculations when you can just look at differences among samples in their 13C to 12C ratios and ignore all of the calculation steps. The reason that it is conventional to compare to a standard (and then continue on to the next steps in order to get a more 'friendly' value) is so that it is easier to compare results both among isotope laboratories and within a single laboratory over a long time period. It is impossible to have an isotope ratio mass spectrometer that perfectly finds the ratio of 13C to 12C in a sample.
Isotope ratio mass spectrometers measure relative isotopic ratios much better than actual ratios. By comparing to a standard, the precision of the data values are much, much better since all values are relative to a given standard. For example, if the ratio for both the sample and standard are overestimated (or underestimated) by the same relative amount, then dividing the two values will account for this, making it possible to compare δ13C among laboratories all across the world.
The formula for determining the Δ14C of a sample is similar to δ13C:
The difference is in the term FN[x], which is still a comparison of the sample to a standard. However, after this comparison, several other calculations occur to find FN[x].
- The ratio is corrected for "background" 14C counts, where atoms or molecules that were accidentally and incorrectly identified as 14C are no longer included.
- The ratio is additionally corrected for the small amount of radioactive decay between the time the sample was collected and the time it was measured, so that the Δ14C at the time of collection rather than the time of analysis is reported.
- The final difference is that Δ14C is normalized, where the effect of fractionation is removed. That is, we know from the 13C measurements that, for example, when carbon dioxide is photosynthesized by plants, it fractionates, resulting in proportionately less 13C in the plant. The same thing happens to 14C, so plants have proportionately less 14C than the atmosphere does. If we know how much 13C fractionation occurs, we can calculate precisely how much 14C fractionation there is. We then calculate how much 14C would have been in the sample if it had not fractionated. This is the Δ14C. Why go to all this trouble? The main reason is that for radiocarbon dating, scientists want to study how much 14C has decayed, not how much has fractionated, and this normalization allows them to do just that. The second reason is that it makes it easier to understand the 14C in the atmosphere – now when plants photosynthesize CO2, the Δ14C value in the atmosphere does not change. Of course, we can always reverse the calculations to discover the amount of 14C without applying this normalization, and this is written as δ14C.
For even more gory details, see: _URL_


text:
The World Bank's support to China through the Henan Green Agriculture Fund (GAF) Project will foster green agriculture practices in the country
The World Bank has approved a loan of €267.2m ($300m) loan to China to strengthen green investments in agriculture, development standards and technological innovation in Henan Province.
The loan is being provided under the Henan Green Agriculture Fund (GAF) Project, which will support in establishing a dedicated investment facility to demonstrate the viability of financing green agriculture investments.
According to the bank, Henan is one of the major agricultural provinces with high output in livestock and grains in the country. At the same time, the province is also the highest consumer of chemical fertilisers and the second-largest consumer of pesticides in the country.
The GAF project will finance green agricultural projects, which were defined as those that are more resource-efficient and offer environmental sustainability, are climate-smart ad increase the quality and safety of agri-food produce.
The financing could eliminate the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides
The financing could go towards green inputs and equipment production, reduction and elimination of chemical fertilisers, pesticides and plastic use through good agriculture practices, investment in technologies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nutrients run-off.
The investment could also improve energy and water efficiency and reduce food loss and wastage. 75% of the project's activities could provide direct climate co-benefits.
World Bank country director for China Martin Raiser said: "This project will support the development of a green agriculture financing mechanism that can leverage commercial investments and boost the adoption of innovative technologies.
"It will help China fill the gap in green financing standards and generate useful lessons for other parts of China and increase the quality and safety of agricultural food products.
"This project has a strong focus on promoting global public goods. Through this project, both China and the world will benefit from reduced agricultural pollution and emissions."
The project is also expected to foster the development of green agriculture financing standards based on globally accepted principles and performance benchmarks, applicable to the Chinese agricultural sector. They will cover areas such as identification of green agriculture investments, improved processes for project evaluation and selection, management of social and environmental risks, and measuring and reporting environmental benefits based on scientific evidence, transparency and accountability.


text:
Virological electron microscope methods
Faecal (stool) samples.
For electron microscope (EM) examination, viruses contained in faecal samples normally have to be concentrated and partially purified.
Samples of diarrhoea or stool are emulsified in saline and centrifuged at low speed to sediment large pieces of debris and most bacteria. The supernatant is then spun at high speed (high 'g') in an ultracentrifuge to sediment any viruses into a pellet at the bottom of the centrifuge tube.
The supernatant from this step is discarded and the pellet resuspended in a small volume of liquid. A drop of this resuspended pellet is placed on an EM specimen grid coated in a very thin layer of plastic, which supports any viruses in the sample. After being allowed to settle, excess fluid is blotted off, the grid washed in distilled water and the adherent viruses stained using a heavy metal salt solution (usually phosphotungstic acid).
The grid is then examined at high magnification (40,000 to 60,000 times) which allows recognition by the electron microscopist of characteristic virus symmetry and morphology.
In cases where the skin shows lesions or blisters thought to involve a virus infection (such as chicken pox), then some fluid can be aspirated from these lesions and placed on a coated electron microscope specimen grid.
After staining, the grid is examined under an electron microscope for viruses such as Herpesviruses, Poxviruses or Papillomaviruses (wart viruses).
As these viruses are generally much larger than those found in cases of gastroenteritis (diarrhoea and/or vomiting), a lower magnification (about 40,000 times) is used for screening.
The left thin-sectioned image shows where these viruses assemble in infected cells, and the right negatively-stained image allows identification as a polyomavirus. Each virus capsid is about 45nm in diameter.


Lethe Eleven
From Warhammer 40k - Lexicanum
Jump to: navigation, search
Lethe Eleven is a former Imperial Hive World that was captured by Orks during the Green Kroosade.
Map Basic Data Planetary Image
px Name: Lethe Eleven Unknown.jpg
Segmentum: Segmentum Obscurus
Sector: Scarus[4]
Subsector: Helican[4]
System: Thracian Primaris[2]
Population: unknown
Affiliation: Ork[2]
Class: Ork World[2] (formerly Hive World)[3]
Tithe Grade: n/a
As a Hive World, Lethe Eleven was densely populated before it was captured by Orks. It's main industries were metalwork and shield technologies. During the Imperial month of Umbris the planet's largest moon, Kux, lines up exactly with the system's star, plunging Lethe Eleven into a two week eclipse known as the Darknight. This period was a seasonal holiday when the planet was held by the Imperium.[1a]
During the Darknight of 338.M41 Inquisitor Gregor Eisenhorn tracked the notorious xenophile Beldame Sadia to Lethe Eleven. The Beldame was killed by Witchfinder Tantalid in catacombs beneath the derelict church of Saint Kiodrus. Tantalid then threatened to execute Eisenhorn for heresy, but was driven off by the Inquisitor's gun-cutter piloted by Medea Betancore.[1a][1b]
In 999.M41 the Green Kroosade ravaged the Scarus Sector. Lethe Eleven was one of the planets captured by the Orks.[2]
Related Articles


1. Add the PushipNotification.js script to the assets/www folder and include it to the index.html file
 2. Add the following code to the OnDeviceReady method:
 Puship.PushipAppId = puship_id; // an example of puship_id might be: "h1mCVGaP9dtGnwG"
 var serverUrl = ""; // the url of production or development provided by blackberry
 var appId = "396-577a13e9r57070Mnn75549ii0ch2r9l41808"; // this appid is provided by blackberry with the url
 var port = 32200;
 Puship.BPNS.Register(port, serverUrl, appId,
 successCallback: function (pushipresult){
 navigator.notification.alert("device registered with DeviceId:" + pushipresult.DeviceId);
 failCallback: function (pushipresult){
 navigator.notification.alert("error during registration: "+ JSON.stringify(pushipresult));
 3. Add these permission to config.xml:
 4. Create a new folder in the www one and name it resources. Once done it copy into it this icon (note that can be overwritten with a custom one).
 5. In case you didn't have the serverUrl and the appId, follow this guide and replace the example values in the previous script.
 6. Create a new application using the Puship Manager to get the Puship App ID and replace all the occurrences of "puship_id" with the actual one.
It's now possible to connect to the Puship Manager and start sending push notification to your devices!
Download a complete example using the link below to better understand the whole process
Adding tags, geolocations management and all the other api are described in the guide common to all the platform that can be consulted at the following link:


text:
Definition of archdeacon
n. - In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with independent authority. 2
The word "archdeacon" uses 10 letters: A A C C D E H N O R.
No direct anagrams for archdeacon found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after archdeacon (in bold), or to aaccdehnor in any order:
s - archdeacons
All words formed from archdeacon by changing one letter
Browse words starting with archdeacon by next letter


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Minecraft Mod Custom Stuff Wiki
HarvestLevel
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This Article is up to date with Custom Stuff 2 CS2
This attribute defines the harvest level of the item. It works together with toolClass. For example, if toolClass is set to pickaxe and harvestLevel set to 2, the item can harvest all blocks registered with toolClass pickaxe and harvestLevel less than, or equal to, 2. Blocks that can be harvest this way are automatically affected by the efficiency of the item.
0 Wood
1 Stone / Gold
2 Iron
3 Diamond
On the item side of things, this attribute is used on tools to signify which material the item is made of, or similar to in function. For example, if you were to create a pickaxe made of emerald, which is effectively the same as diamond in terms of mining power, you would set this attribute to "3", which would allow it to harvest obsidian.
By default, both blocks and items have a harvestLevel of 0, which is the being punched by hand. To change this, add the following line to the appropriate .js file.
Item:
harvestLevel = 1; // Harvesting power similar to wood.
Block:
harvestLevel[0] = 2; // Requires iron or better to be harvested.
CS1
Older Examples and Information for Custom Stuff 1.
Harvestlevel is a new attribute for both blocks and items introduced in Custom Stuff 2.3.0. It serves basically the same purpose on both blocks and items, albeit from opposite sides of the equation.
As a block attribute, harvest level determines which materials can properly harvest the block. Attempting to break a block with a tool below its harvestlevel will make it break slowly, as though not using a tool at all, and won't yield any drops. Important Note: Harvestlevel is only respected when the block's material is set to either 'rock' or 'iron'. For all other materials, the block will be able to be harvested by hand and broken efficiently with any tool referenced in its toolclass.
The line that you must add to your .block or .item file is as follows:
harvestlevel=0;
Replace "0" with one of the values of the table at right, based on the material you want your custom creation to be harvested by or to mimic.
==See Also==
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text:
Overview for The Making of A Modern Indian Artist-Craftsman: Devi Prasad
Devi Prasad (_PHONE_), India's pioneering artist-potter, visionary educationist and pacifist, joined Santiniketan, India's premier art school in 1938 when founder Rabindranath Tagore was still involved with the institution. At Nandalal Bose's suggestion and following a correspondence with Gandhi in 1944 he joined Sevagram, Gandhi's ashram, as Art Teacher, where he taught for nearly twenty years. His political consciousness saw him participate actively in the Quit India Movement in 1942 and in social reforms such as Vinoba Bhave's Bhoodan - the land gift movement of the 1940s and 1950s.
Apart from the making of his personal history and his times, this book leads us to why the creative act of making art itself takes on such a fundamental philosophical significance in his life - an ideal derived directly from his absorption of Gandhi's principles. The purpose of art and life as they came to be realised by him, needed a change in the very approach people have toward work, which could only be achieved through a new philosophy of education. This book argues for an aesthetic basis for India's freedom movement whereby the Arts and Crafts Movement's pioneers like John Ruskin, William Morris, Charles Ashbee and William Lethaby impacted the writings and work of Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore and Ananda K. Coomaraswamy as seen in the ideology of 'Swadeshi' - India's rallying cry for Freedom and the artistic milieu of Santiniketan. Devi Prasad's story, then, exemplifies the importance of the Arts and Crafts Movement in shaping the nature of Modernism in India.
Devi Prasad's ideals in art and in political activism, shaped though they may have been on Indian soil, led him to crisscross international borders. In 1962 he migrated to London to become Secretary General (later Chairman) of the War Resisters' International, perhaps the oldest Pacifist organisation in the world in order to spread the Gandhian way of life internationally. Here his artwork underwent another transformation, cognisant of the realities of Western living. On his return to India in 1982, he began to work more concertedly on pottery: developing a community of studio-potters, their studios, tools and equipment. This book reveals, against a backdrop of Modern Indian history and international peace movements, how the worlds of 'design', craftsmanship and studio art were negotiated via a philosophical quest to bring about social change.
Naman P Ahuja (Author)
Naman P. Ahuja is associate professor at the School of Arts and Aesthetics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He has taught post-graduate courses on Indian art at SOAS, Christies Education and the British Museum.


text:
Did you know you can add the Quit option to the Finder's application menu? This allows you to easily quit the application. After quitting you can restart Finder by clicking on the Finder icon in the Dock.
In macOS and OS X it's possible to show one application at a time. You can enable a 'single application' mode by entering the following command in Terminal:
There is a Terminal command that you can use to quickly make your dock look like new again. Do you experience problems with the Dock on your Mac? The best you can do is to reset it to default settings.
The following Terminal command will reset your dock by removing any icons that you've added and removed. It'll also reset the size of the dock, magnification settings, and its location.
File extensions (.jpg,.txt,.pdf, etc) are normally hidden by default in OS X. You can either set all extensions to be displayed through the following command:
TextEdit is a simple application for quickly writing text and notes. The text can be edited in RTF (Rich Text Format) mode, as well as plain text. With the following defaults write command you can enable plain text as default format in TextEdit.
When you take a screenshot on Mac there's always a shadow around the screenshot by default. Disable the shadow from the screenshot with this Terminal command. Be aware, this command only works on a Mac with macOS High Sierra or newer. Click here for the command for macOS Mojave or newer.
By default, screenshots (cmd⌘ + shift⇧ + 3) are saved on your desktop along with the date and time they were taken. It's possible to to remove the date and time stamp from the file names of screenshots, use the following command in Terminal:


Often asked: What is a fein?
What does Fein mean?
A Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) is not required for all business types. If you are a sole proprietor or single-member LLC with no employees, you are not required to have a FEIN. All other businesses must request a FEIN from the IRS website, or contact them at _PHONE_ with questions.
How do I find my Fein number?
You can locate your EIN on your confirmation letter from the IRS, old tax returns, old business loan applications, your business credit report, or payroll paperwork. You can also call the IRS to look up your federal tax ID number. If you need to locate another company's EIN, you can start by asking the company.
What is the difference between an Fein and a tax ID number?
A federal employment identification number (FEIN) is the exact same thing as an employer identification number (EIN). The only exception to this rule is in when someone uses the abbreviation EIN to refer to a state tax identification number. In that situation, the state EIN is not the same as a federal EIN.
What does Fein mean for unemployment?
9-digit Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) – a FEIN can be obtained by going to the IRS website.
Is Fein a word?
fein is an acceptable dictionary word for games like scrabble, words with friends, crossword, etc. The wordfein' is made up of 4 letters.
Is Feening a real word?
Is Feening a real word? No, "feen" is the word. It was "fiend", but it's now "feen" in certain people's lexicon.
You might be interested: Often asked: What is adhd mean?
What does an Fein number look like?
FEIN is an acronym for Federal Employer Identification Number, also known as an EIN. This unique, nine-digit number is used by the IRS to identify a business operating in the United States. An FEIN is structured like this: XX-XXXXXXX. An FEIN is a type of taxpayer identification number (TIN) used by certain businesses.
Can I verify EIN online?
Anyone can access this information directly from the IRS. As such, a nonprofit must provide you the EIN upon request, and you can verify this directly with the IRS on the Exempt Organization page of the IRS website. The site not only verifies EINs but advises you if organizations are in good standing with the IRS.
Is Fein public record?
Your employer identification number (EIN), or FEIN, allows you to do business and report financial information to the Internal Revenue Service. However, an EIN number is a public record, making your company vulnerable to people who care less about your business.
Who needs Fein?
The IRS uses the EIN to identify the taxpayer. EINs must be used by business entities–corporations, partnerships, and limited liability companies. However, most sole proprietors don't need to obtain an EIN and can use their Social Security numbers instead. Even so, you may want to obtain an EIN anyway.
Where is the Fein on w2?
The best place to look your employer's EIN (Employer Identification Number) or Tax ID is in Box b of your W-2 form. Look for a 9-digit number with a dash separating the second and third digit (NN-NNNNNNN). It's usually right above your employer's name or below their address.
You might be interested: What does bisect mean?
Should I give out my tax ID number?
You can think of an EIN as a social security number for your business. Don't worry about keeping it secure though, because unlike a social security number, an EIN is not considered sensitive information. Be careful to never give out your EIN unless you need to—in the wrong hands, it can be used for identity theft.
Do you need an EIN for unemployment?
Requirements may vary from state to state, but here's a sampling of the information you will need to have available when filing for unemployment: Your Social Security number. The Employer Registration number or Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) of your most recent employer (if you have either).
Leave a Reply


2016-11-15 14:35:44.0 SSALT (Single-frequency Solid-state Altimeter), alternatively referred to as Poseidon-1, is a radar altimeter designed to measure ocean topography, significant wave height and wind speed on sea surface. It was a low-power, low-mass test-bed for future space-borne altimeters. SSALT consists of two packages: the processing and control unit (PCU), and the radio frequency unit (RFU). SSALT sends a pulse generated by a surface acoustic wave generator with a 300 MHz bandwidth and 900 MHz frequency to the sea surface. The pulses are amplified before transmission, and frequency converted to 13.65 GHz after generation. The received pulses are also amplified and an FFT (fast fourier transform) analyser computes the power spectrum of the signal. The signal is sent through a microprocessor which performs the waveform computations to produce the output data. SSALT operates at a single frequency of 13.65 GHz (Ku band), with a measurement accuracy within 10 cm (typically 2.5 cm). Flown on TOPEX/Poseidon. _URL_ false accepted SDN:L22::TOOL1043 Single-frequency Solid-state Altimeter 2 2016-11-15 14:35:44.0 SSALT SSALT SDN:L22::TOOL1043 2 SDN:L22::TOOL1043


%0 Journal Article %A Pelster, B. %A Scheid, P. %T GLUCOSE METABOLISM OF THE SWIMBLADDER TISSUE OF THE EUROPEAN EEL ANGUILLA ANGUILLA %D 1993 %J Journal of Experimental Biology %P 169-178 %V 185 %N 1 %X Glucose uptake from, and lactate release into, the blood have been analysed in the active gas- depositing swimbladder of the immobilized European eel Anguilla anguilla. Under normoxic conditions, 0.72 micromole min-1 glucose was removed from the blood supply, while lactate was released into it at a rate of 1.16 micromole min-1. The rate of gas deposition into the swimbladder was significantly correlated with the rate of lactate production. Under hypoxic conditions, glucose consumption by, and lactate production of, the swimbladder tissue were reduced, as was the rate of gas deposition. Compared with normoxic conditions, lactate concentration in the swimbladder tissue was elevated after 1 h of hypoxia, indicating a decrease in lactate release. No difference in the osmolality of arterial and venous blood could be detected in these experiments. Combining the data for glucose uptake and lactate release measured under normoxic conditions with the values for O2 uptake and CO2 production of the swimbladder tissue measured under similar conditions in a previous study, a quantitative evaluation of glucose catabolism was performed. According to the O2 uptake of the tissue, only about 1 % of the glucose was oxidized, while about 80 % was fermented to lactic acid. The remaining 0.14 micromole min-1 glucose was presumably catabolized through the pentose phosphate shunt, as indicated by the CO2 production of 0.16 micromole min-1 that cannot be explained by aerobic metabolism. %U _URL_


text:
Business Case Models
Presents a conceptual framework for quantifying cost and benefits of investments in secure coding techniques. Guidance for implementing the framework will include the variables and data elements to focus on and means to measure and quantify them. With these measurements, one can calculate the economic benefits (cost) of these investments. Details are also provided on current practices and current research on the case for secure coding techniques.


The following code example demonstrates how to split an image into multiple parts, by using the WIMSplitFile function.
Example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <wimgapi.h>
#define IN
#define INOUT
//
//Callback function:
//
DWORD
WINAPI
SampleSplitCallback(
 IN DWORD msgId, //message ID
 INOUT WPARAM param1, //usually file name
 INOUT LPARAM param2, //usually error code
 IN void *unused
 )
{
 //First parameter: message string or split .wim file name
 TCHAR *message = (TCHAR *) param1;
 TCHAR *partName = (TCHAR *) param1;
 //Second parameter: error code or pointer to a large integer specifying chunk size
 DWORD errorCode = param2;
 LARGE_INTEGER *chunkSize = (LARGE_INTEGER *) param2;
 switch ( msgId )
 {
 case WIM_MSG_SPLIT:
 //This message is sent when each split .wim file is successful.
 //You can change a split .wim file name or size with this message.
 //
 //printf("changing split chunk size from %I64d ", chunkSize->QuadPart);
 //chunkSize->QuadPart = 5 * 1024 * 1024; //change chunk size to 5MB
 //printf("to %I64d bytes", chunkSize->QuadPart);
 break;
 case WIM_MSG_ERROR:
 //This message is sent upon failure error case.
 //
 printf("ERROR: %s [err = %d]\n", message, errorCode);
 break;
 case WIM_MSG_INFO:
 //This message is sent when informational message is available.
 //
 printf("INFO: %s [err = %d]\n", message, errorCode);
 break;
 case WIM_MSG_WARNING:
 //This message is sent when warning message is available.
 //
 printf("WARNING: %s [err = %d]\n", message, errorCode);
 break;
}
 return WIM_MSG_SUCCESS;
}
void
SampleSplitCleanup( HANDLE hWim, FARPROC callback)
{
 if ( hWim )
 {
 WIMCloseHandle( hWim );
}
}
//
//Main Function:
//
__cdecl
wmain(DWORD argc, TCHAR *argv[])
{
 HANDLE sWim = NULL;
 DWORD sCreated = 0;
 LARGE_INTEGER chunkSize = {0};
 FARPROC callback = (FARPROC) SampleSplitCallback;
 TCHAR *source = TEXT("C:\\capture.wim"); //source .wim file
 TCHAR *target = TEXT("C:\\sample_split.swm"); //destination split .wim file
 TCHAR *tmpDir = TEXT("C:\\tmp"); //temporary directory: OPTIONAL
 WIM_INFO sWimInfo = {0};
 //specify split chunk size in bytes
 //
 if ((argc != 2) ||
 ((chunkSize.QuadPart = _tstol(argv[1])) == 0)) {
 printf("need split chunk size in bytes\n");
 SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
 return 1;
}
 //Register callback
 //
 if (WIMRegisterMessageCallback( NULL,
 callback,
 NULL ) == INVALID_CALLBACK_VALUE) {
 printf ("Cannot set callback\n");
 return 2;
}
 //generic split call sequence
 //
 //w = WIMCreateFile()
 //WIMSplitFile (w, targetname, chunksize, )
 //WIMCloseHandle(w)
 //Call Sample*Cleanup() upon exit from here
 //
 //Open source .wim file
 //
 sWim = WIMCreateFile ( source, //source .wim file to split
 WIM_GENERIC_READ, //access mode
 WIM_OPEN_EXISTING, //open flag
 WIM_FLAG_VERIFY, //recommened flag
 0, //no need to set compression
 &sCreated );
 if ( !sWim ) {
 printf ("Cannot open src WIM file\n");
 SampleSplitCleanup(sWim, callback);
 return 3;
}
 if (!WIMGetAttributes( sWim, &sWimInfo, sizeof(sWimInfo))) {
 printf ("WIMGetAttributes failed\n");
 SampleSplitCleanup(sWim, callback);
 return 4;
}
 //Verify if it has been already split
 //
 if (sWimInfo.TotalParts != 1) {
 printf ("The .wim file has already been splitted. Cannot split it again.");
 SampleSplitCleanup(sWim, callback);
 SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
 return 5;
}
 //Now split
 //
 if (!WIMSplitFile ( sWim,
 target, //destination split .wim file template
 &chunkSize,
 0) ) { // reserved. Must be 0
 printf("Split failed\n");
 if (GetLastError() == ERROR_MORE_DATA) {
 printf("Need bigger chunk size to split\n");
 }
 SampleSplitCleanup(sWim, callback);
 return 6;
}
 //Now we are done
 //
 SampleSplitCleanup(sWim, callback);
 return 0;
}
See Also


Use of Drumming in Trauma Support Therapy
Imagine sitting down in a quiet room with your therapist, and enjoy being around with the peaceful drumming sounds and relaxing vibes. The first thing which most likely to come across your mind, would be an inner sound that engages your attention and thoughts.
"Relax, embrace your inner peace." The calming guidance directs people to its gate of another world, and it would be a beautiful view inside the state of mind.
 If one could experience such things with another trusted person, drumming is definitely one of them. Drumming is an approach to trauma support therapy to create a healing environment for clients. It has been used to provide pleasant health care, both for physical and mental health, from the origin of various traditions.
The therapeutic effects of drumming work on healing people through using the rhythm, and it helps our body release emotional trauma, pain, and negativities.
Drumming is an activity that involves making rhythm with drums, with a therapist or other clients during a trauma support therapy. While drumming rhythm gets inside our mind and brain, it actually produces a harmony that is healthy to our body. It sounds really cool, isn't it?
Drumming has been relating to multiple benefits and healing effects in trauma support therapy.
Drumming helps our mind gets rid of negativities and unhealthy thoughts. Negative emotions, including anger, stress, anxiety, and tension, are reduced during the relaxation induced by drumming rhythm. It instead replenishes our mind with well-being, comfort, and positivities. Healing emotional traumas is no longer something to worry about, as ongoing positive emotions keep healing our soul.
That's why drumming could be used in trauma support therapy for a broad range of health care. Such as healing mental illness, stabilizing mood, recovering addicts, and healing emotional trauma.
Besides, drumming is also a perfect choice for treating physical health problems related to trauma support therapy. As our minds are getting into the natural state of rhythm, neurological and physiological systems are boosted in our bodies. So, it is excellent for helping to release chronic pain caused by traumas and improving the quality of life as well.
Drumming is a great alternative treatment that can be used in various trauma support therapies. You can make as little effort to easily start taking care of your mind by receiving the benefits of drumming, which continually heal your mind on a regular basis.
It helps our mind become stronger and healthier, so that all the negative emotions will be drumming out.
,,,


Help Center, How To?
How to Remove Volume Overlay on Windows 10?
How to Remove Volume Overlay Windows 10
Removing the volume overlay on your computer is a very easy process that can be completed in just a few short steps. In this article, we will show you how to remove the volume overlay from Windows 10. So let's get started!
What is the Volume Overlay and Why Do I Need to Remove It?
The volume overlay is a feature in Windows 10 that allows you to adjust your computer's audio settings without having to open the sound control panel.
To access the volume overlay, simply click the speaker icon in the notification area of the taskbar and then click the "volume" button. The volume overlay will appear as a small pop-up window, allowing you to quickly change the sound level or mute all sounds.
While this feature can be convenient, it can also be intrusive, especially if you accidentally trigger it while playing a full-screen game or watching a movie. For this reason, many users choose to disable the volume overlay altogether.
How to Remove The Volume Overlay from Windows 10?
1. On Google Chrome: Launch Chrome, open a new tab and type Chrome://flags. Locate the option "Hardware Media Key Handling" and use the drop-down menu to disable it. Refresh your browser for the changes to take effect.
2. Check individual app settings: Some apps, like Spotify, allow you to control the volume overlay in their settings. Navigate to the app's preferences and look for a setting that allows you to show or hide the overlay.
3. Disable system icons: Right-click on your taskbar and select "Taskbar Settings." Scroll down to the "Notification area" and select "Turn system icons on or off." Uncheck the volume icon to hide the volume overlay.
4. Use Hide Volume OSD: This is a small utility that can be downloaded from the internet, specifically designed to hide the volume overlay on Windows 10. However, it may not work with the latest versions of Windows 10, so consider this option as a last resort.
We hope these methods have helped you remove the volume overlay from your Windows 10 computer. Happy adjusting!
Additional Tips and Tricks for Removing The Volume Overlay
– If you are using a keyboard with media keys, try adjusting the volume through those instead of the overlay.
– Some computer models also have dedicated volume buttons on the actual device, which can be used to adjust sound levels without triggering the overlay.
– Consider keeping the volume overlay enabled, but adjusting its display settings so it appears less intrusive. This can be done by right-clicking the speaker icon and selecting "Volume Mixer," and then adjusting the overlay's transparency or size.
Can I Re-enable The Volume Overlay After Disabling It?
Yes, you can re-enable the volume overlay by reversing any steps taken to disable it. For example, if you disabled the hardware media key handling in Google Chrome, simply go back into Chrome://flags and select "Enabled" for that option instead of disabling it.
Will Disabling The Volume Overlay Affect My Computer's Sound in Any Way?
No, disabling the volume overlay will not affect your computer's sound capabilities or performance. It simply removes the visual element of the overlay pop-up window. You can still adjust your sound levels through other means, such as dedicated volume buttons or media keys on your keyboard.
Will the Volume Overlay Still Appear in Certain Applications, Even After Disabling It?
It depends on the application and its individual settings. Some apps, like Spotify, may have their own options for controlling the display of the volume overlay.
In these cases, you may need to adjust the settings within the app itself to fully remove the overlay. However, in most cases, disabling the volume overlay in your overall system settings should prevent it from appearing in any application.
Final Thoughts
While the volume overlay can be a convenient feature, some users may find it intrusive or distracting.
Fortunately, there are several ways to remove or disable the volume overlay on Windows 10
Remember to check individual app settings and consider alternative means of adjusting sound levels, such as media keys on your keyboard or dedicated volume buttons on your computer. Happy listening!
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Palo Alto URL Filtering Order
What happens when a URL matches multiple patterns (multiple custom URL filtering categories and allow/block-list) within a URL filtering profile?
When that happens, the category chosen is the one that has the most severe action defined below (block being most severe and allow least severe).
1. block
2. override
3. continue
4. alert
5. allow
For example, if * exists in MyAlertList and MyBlockList simultaneously) within the same URL filtering profile the URL, the action will be "block" and the category name will be "MyBlockList". This is similar to the original behavior between "allow-list" and "block-list" in that the block-list will be checked BEFORE the allow-list if a URL matches both "allow-list" and "block-list".
The priority for URL filtering is:
1. block list
2. allow list
3. custom categories
4. cached
5. pre-defined categories
Above I'm pointing out in bold red that "custom categories" have a higher priority than the "pre-defined categories". This is important to know when building out your URL Filtering profiles.
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text:
Completed joint project: Renewable fuels for electricity production
Renewable fuels from solar energy have the potential to replace fossil fuels and create CO2-free alternatives.
Renewable fuels from solar energy have the potential to replace fossil fuels and create CO2-free alternatives – this has been proven by the NRP 70 joint project "Renewable fuels for electricity production" headed by Dr. Andre Heel from the ZHAW School of Engineering in Winterthur.
The research project examined how this CO2 from cement production – mainly unavoidable geogenic CO2 from the lime stone – could be put to good use to create a new value chain via CO2 methanation and thus help to reduce the consumption and import of fossil fuels in Switzerland. With the power-to-gas technology, this CO2 along with regenerative hydrogen from solar-to-fuel technologies can be converted into renewable synthetic natural gas, fed into the existing natural gas grid and consumed from fuel cell technologies.
This means it has been possible to develop four innovative approaches in the fields of materials research and modelling to enable a CO2 saving value chain for energy production.


text:
Today is International Overdose Awareness Day, a day to raise awareness of and reduce the stigma of drug-related deaths. It's important to recognize that women, trans and non-binary people who are unhoused and/or living in unsafe situations are impacted significantly by the drug poisoning epidemic across Canada. There is a need for gender-specific harm reduction services that recognize and respond to the intersection of substance use, gender-based violence and other forms of inequality that shape the lives of women, trans and non-binary people. This blog will discuss the Safer Drug Use Space, a new pilot program in Hamilton, Ontario, which was developed specifically for women, trans and non-binary people.
The YWCA Hamilton operates a transitional living program and overnight drop-in space for women, trans and non-binary people without children in their care. Over the past few years, the YWCA Hamilton has been responding to an increasing number of drug poisonings and overdoses across programs and has grieved many lives lost because of a toxic drug supply.
In direct response to the drug poisoning crisis in Hamilton, the YWCA Hamilton, Keeping Six and the Hamilton Social Medicine Response Team (HAMSMaRT) came together to develop and pilot a new program designed to support women, trans and non-binary people who use drugs and are without housing. In April 2022 they opened the Safer Drug Use Space in an existing overnight drop-in program and transitional living program operated at YWCA Hamilton.
The YWCA Hamilton partnered with Keeping Six (Hamilton Harm Reduction Action League), a community-based organization that defends the rights, dignity and humanity of people who use drugs led by people who use drugs. This partnership allowed for the development of a program that integrated peer workers. This program also incorporates the perspectives of people with lived/living experience(s) of homelessness and the needs of people who use drugs in Hamilton. The HAMSMaRT is a group of health care providers who believe that health is political and who aspire to remove barriers to clinical care. Through a partnership with HAMSMaRT, the Safer Drug Use Space has ongoing support from allied healthcare providers and an on-site Safer Supply Clinic.
The Safer Drug Use Space is operated through an exemption provided by Health Canada and the Office of Controlled Drugs and Substances, as an Urgent Public Health Needs Site (UPHNS). The Safer Use Drug Space operates every night from 10 p.m. to 9 a.m. Guests can bring their own illicit drugs into the space, get access to clean harm reduction equipment, consume substances (inject, ingest or snort) and be monitored for at least 20 minutes after consumption by both a YWCA Hamilton staff and a worker from Keeping Six.
It is common for individuals to stay longer than 20 minutes, to connect with staff and each other. Snacks are provided along with an opportunity to create art.
"The special thing about our safer use space that makes it stand out from others is that it's for women, trans and non-binary people exclusively and there's not a lot of that. I am proud to say that I am a part of this from the beginning. To be able to watch it grow and to connect and build relationships with other women from all walks of life in a space where everybody feels safe is such a privilege." - Danielle (Dani) Deloitinville (Keeping Six)
Since opening its doors, the Safer Drug Use Space has connected many women, trans and non-binary people to a range of supports and services including:
- Crisis support following gender-based violence
- Emergency reproductive healthcare services
- Mental health services
- Gender-affirming healthcare services
It is so much more than just a safer space to use drugs - it is a point of connection for people who have been excluded from accessing other services and shelters because of their substance use.
In the first four months since opening, we have had 109 unique women and non-binary people access our space. We have supervised 1,071 injections and reversed 14 drug poisonings/overdoses. We have had 0 calls for EMS or police to our space.
We believe that Safer Drug Use Spaces are an important part of a low-barrier approach to supporting people experiencing homelessness in shelter services, housing programs and drop-ins. This approach to care saves lives and keeps people who use drugs safe and connected to services.
We encourage other organizations who are interested in learning more about how to integrate Safer Drug Use Spaces into their programs to reach out to Mary (Safer Use Space Coordinator/Community-Based Researcher) at _EMAIL_.


Blood, frog (prepared microscope slide)
Frog Blood Prepared Microscope Slide
Frog blood is similar in appearance to human blood in many ways. This microscope slide shows both individual and dividing red blood cells. The slide features state-of-the-art preservation techniques designed to make microscopic details come alive while extending the shelf life of the slide.
Slide Medium: Glass
Slide Measurement: 3" L x 1" H (75mm x 25mm)
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Blood, frog (prepared microscope slide)
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text: We have previously reported that galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP), a fragment of galanin precursor protein, occurs in a limited number of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in rats with intact sciatic nerves. In the present study, the localization of GMAP in dorsal root ganglia, dorsal roots and dorsal horn was analyzed immunohistochemically and compared between rats with intact and sectioned sciatic nerves. Furthermore, the effects of intrathecal (i.t.) GMAP on the flexor reflex in rats with intact and sectioned nerves were examined. In rats with intact sciatic nerves, i.t. GMAP elicited a moderate facilitation of the flexor reflex. The facilitation of the flexor reflex induced by conditioning stimulation (CS) of cutaneous C-fibers was strongly blocked by GMAP. GMAP also selectively antagonized the reflex facilitatory effect of i.t. substance P (SP), but not i.t. vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Unilateral sciatic nerve section induced an upregulation of GMAP in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia 2 weeks after axotomy. The effect of GMAP on the baseline reflex was similar in normal and axotomized rats, but the blocking effect of GMAP on C-fiber CS-induced facilitation was significantly reduced after axotomy. GMAP did not antagonize the reflex facilitatory effect of SP after axotomy, whereas an antagonism on VIP-induced facilitation was observed. The possible role of GMAP in spinal transmission and comparison with the effects of galanin are discussed.


text:
Internal performance of a hybrid axisymmetric/nonaxisymmetric convergent-divergent nozzle
- Taylor, John G.
- Jan 1, 1991.
- Physical Description:
- 1 electronic document
- Restrictions on Access:
- Unclassified, Unlimited, Publicly available.
Free-to-read Unrestricted online access
- An investigation was conducted in the static test facility of the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel to determine the internal performance of a hybrid axisymmetric/nonaxisymmetric nozzle in forward-thrust mode. Nozzle cross-sections in the spherical convergent section were axisymmetric whereas cross-sections in the divergent flap area nonaxisymmetric (two-dimensional). Nozzle concepts simulating dry and afterburning power settings were investigated. Both subsonic cruise and supersonic cruise expansion ratios were tested for the dry power nozzle concepts. Afterburning power configurations were tested at an expansion ratio typical for subsonic acceleration. The spherical convergent flaps were designed in such a way that the transition from axisymmetric to nonaxisymmetric cross-section occurred in the region of the nozzle throat. Three different nozzle throat geometries were tested for each nozzle power setting. High-pressure air was used to simulate jet exhaust at nozzle pressure ratios up to 12.0.
- Other Subject(s):
- NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) Collection.
- Document ID: _PHONE_.
Accession ID: 91N14275.
- No Copyright.
View MARC record | catkey: _PHONE_


text:
The primary goal of GOMOS is the accurate detection of stratospheric ozone, allowing long-term monitoring of global trends. Whilst providing ozone profiles from UV-visible occultation spectra in an altitude range of ~15 – 80 km and with a vertical resolution of better than 1.7 km, the instrument yields small-scale turbulence measurements and high-resolution temperature profiles using two fast broadband photometers in the visible spectrum.
Primary Scientific Objective: Ozone Trend Observations
The primary scientific objective of GOMOS is the global monitoring of the stratospheric and mesospheric vertical ozone distribution with high accuracy, high vertical resolution and full global coverage. The expected high accuracy of the ozone profile measurements should allow ozone trends to be studied over the lifetime of Envisat in the stratosphere and mesosphere.
GOMOS ozone trend observations will address:
The primary scientific mission objective points to the use of an instrument applying the occultation technique, as this is self-calibrating, protecting the measurements from long-term instrument drifts. Stars as light sources have been chosen in order to provide sufficient global coverage of the measurements, which could not be achieved with, for example, a solar occultation instrument.
The occultation technique has one significant advantage, which is that an absolute estimate of the molecule density is obtained from the ratio of two measurements taken with the same instrument within a few seconds. This makes the method inherently self-calibrating, since even if the spectral sensitivity of the instrument is changing with time, the ratio will be measured correctly. This protection against long-term drift is ideal for the study of atmospheric trends.
GOMOS measures in the UV and visible wavelength regions where ozone shows strong absorption. The measured wavelength range is 250 nm to 675 nm, covering the ozone Huggins and Chappuis band. The UV wavelengths range is particularly well suited for mesospheric and upper stratospheric measurements. The visible band is well suited for the probing the stratosphere, including the lower stratosphere, where the UV signal is no longer strong enough anymore because of the UV absorption by ozone. Roughly, the UV yields the best results for the mesosphere and stratosphere above 35 km and the visible band for the stratosphere below 35 km.
A highly desirable follow-on programme with GOMOS or COALA-type instruments could provide long-term trend observation.
Secondary Scientific Objectives
NO2 and NO3 play important roles in the nitrogen chemistry relevant to ozone.
Observations of NO2 and NO3 will help to address:
Future NOx observations relevant to the ozone recovery. As NOx dominates ozone loss on a global scale, NOx observations are important to interpret ozone changes as halogens decrease.
Stratospheric water vapour is fundamental to the budget of many trace gases in the stratosphere. It is therefore important to determine its three-dimensional distribution and long-term trends. Water vapour is measured in a near-infrared channel at 926-952 nm.
A further secondary objective is to study stratospheric dynamics. This requires measuring the atmospheric temperature and density profiles. Temperature and air density will be derived from a near-infrared channel (756-773 nm). Complementary to this, a high-resolution temperature profile can be retrieved from atmospheric scintillation, which will be measured using two fast photometers sensitive in the blue and red, respectively.
The measurement of temperature is also needed for supporting the primary mission objective, ozone monitoring. The ozone cross-sections in the Huggins band (310-350 nm) are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Therefore, a long-term variation of UV absorption might be due to a temperature variation and could be wrongly attributed to an ozone variation. Temperature measurements are possible with the A-band of O2 at 760 nm. O2 is a perfectly mixed gas and the air can be assumed to be in hydrostatic equilibrium. Therefore, its scale height is directly connected to the atmospheric temperature. The O2 measurements also allow to relate all measurements of ozone density (and other species) to the air density to yield the mixing ratio [O3]/[air], which is a quantity most readily used in models. Furthermore, temperature and air density are essential parameters for atmospheric dynamics, including mixing of gases.
The mission objectives have also been described by Bertaux (1999).
Long-term, campaign and permanent objectives
The most important of these objectives is the monitoring of stratospheric ozone. The second group consists of campaign type objectives. These have more limited scope than those of the long-term objectives. The activation of a campaign objective is based on an agreement among the partners of the GOMOS mission planning.
The third group consists of a few permanent objectives that must always be considered when a new mission plan is being prepared. In particular, whenever possible, certain stars (e.g. Sirius) should always be occulted and predefined locations (e.g. selected validation sites) should be prioritised. Therefore, these objectives have an overruling priority.
In more detail, the three groups include:
Campaign type objectives
Inter-comparison with MIPAS and SCIAMACHY:
The permanent objectives have overruling priority over the other mission objectives. But it must be noted that the permanent and other mission objectives can be fulfilled - or nearly so - at the same time, because of the large number of occultations per orbit. More generally, almost all mission objectives are to some extent fulfilled in any mission plan. The degree of fulfilment, of course, varies. The best results are obtained for the mission objective, which will be the target of the optimisation.


text:
Wausau residents are reducing their carbon footprint whether they know it or not, thanks to upgrades at the Wastewater Treatment Plant. In addition to shrinking the plant's environmental impact, the upgrades are expected to reduce the utility's electric and natural gas bill by $70,000 a year – saving money for Wausau residents by minimizing the need for utility rate increases.
In an effort to be proactive about its aging infrastructure, the plant is installing innovative new technology and equipment that will reduce its overall electricity usage. These changes will also enable the plant to utilize more naturally occurring methane gas rather than tapping other energy resources.
Ghidorzi Companies is the contractor that is facilitating the building changes needed to accommodate the changes, with Joe Gehin (photo at right) as Project Manager. As the former Director of Public Works & Utilities for the city, Joe understood the value of this process upgrade as well as the implementation scheme and was able to hit the ground running with the project.
The plant upgrades will put Wausau's Wastewater Treatment Plant on the cutting edge of industry technology and ensure that this Wausau utility is as efficient and environmentally responsible as any community in the state.


Quick Answer: Do Quarterbacks Lift Weights?
Is 225 bench press good?
How long do football players workout a day?
What muscles make you throw a football farther?
Muscles Involved in Throwing These muscles include the pectoralis major and the rotator cuff muscles. Other muscles involved are those of the upper arm, the triceps and biceps; the muscles of the forearm and wrist; and the latissimus dorsi to a lesser extent.
Who has the weakest arm in the NFL?
Matt CasselMatt Cassel. The weakest arm among the starting NFL quarterbacks belongs to Kansas City Chiefs' passer Matt Cassel.
How do football players get big?
What muscles do quarterbacks use?
Football Quarterback – Core Strength: Not only does a football quarterback need a strong upper body for throwing and sustaining hard hits but he must also have a strong core. The back, abs, hips, and glutes are essential for a football quarterbacks durability as well as throwing velocity and speed.
Does Aaron Rodgers lift weights?
Poli says of Rodgers, "his strength is already off the chats." He estimates that Rodgers can bench press over 300 pounds.
Why do QBS lift their leg?
Some teams have a center look between his legs and then they go off the foot. So all the leg-raising is snap count in the shotgun when you're on the road." Quarterbacks also lift their legs to signal for a player to go in motion.
How often do football players lift weights?
On both the college and professional levels, most teams have at least two lifting regimens a week during the season. NFL players are weighed weekly to make sure they maintain their ideal playing weight, and pumping iron is a key component to ensure their hard-earned muscles aren't wasting away.
Should quarterbacks bench press?
When it comes to strength training, you might not think that one of the quarterback's most essential lifts would be the bench press exercise. However, it is absolutely essential for them to do some form of bench press because the improved development of the chest muscles will protect the collar bone and the sternum.