Sleeping With A Blanket Overhead? What Does It Mean?
Meaning Of Sleeping With Blanket Overhead
Most of us have different bedtime rituals; however, we have this one thing in common, and that is, we often cover our head with a blanket when we are asleep.
For others, covering one's head with a blanket while sleeping may find it odd, but for most people, they love sleeping with a blanket over their head. However, what does it mean to sleep with a blanket overhead?
Sleeping with blanket overhead can mean a few things. First is that you may be cold, and covering your head with a blanket will keep you warm. Another thing is that you find the room bright, and you want to block the light by covering your head, and lastly, you just want the feeling of safe and secured by cocooning yourself with a blanket.
Even though this habit makes you feel comfortable and makes you fall asleep faster, it cannot deny the fact that it is dangerous for your health.
That is why you must know the health hazards it can cause you so that you can break this bad habit right away. Hence, listed below are the dangers of sleeping with a blanket overhead.
Dangers Of Sleeping Undercover With A Blanket
Blankets are used for protecting your body against the cold weather and sometimes, for insect bites when you are camping.
However, people find tucking their whole body from head to toes under a warm and cozy blanket give them the therapeutic vibe they need since it can help them manage their stress and anxiety.
Nonetheless, according to some experts, you should avoid covering your head with a blanket since it brings danger to your health, such as the following:
This can damage your brain
According to some studies, covering your head while sleeping can contribute to the causes of brain damage, and one of the well-known neurodegenerative disorders is so-called dementia.
Dementia, when it became progressive, may lead to another disorder called Alzheimer's disease. The reason why covering one's head may cause brain damage is that you have a restricted airflow to your brain since your nose and mouth cannot get enough oxygen.
Therefore, your brain does not get enough oxygen to function properly. When this happens for a longer period of time, the tissues and vessels in your brain will become damaged, which can lead to unwanted consequences, and worst it may cause death.
You may breathe in unclean air
Even though you are asleep, your body, especially your heart and brain, still need fresh air to function properly.
However, since your body is cocooned in a thick blanket, you cannot assure that the air you are breathing in is still clean since you created a tiny space wherein the air that circulates is fresh.
Therefore, there is a possibility that the air you are breathing in has dust particles, dirt, and bacteria, especially if your blanket is not clean. That is why some people trigger their allergies because of this bad habit since they breathe a dust-filled air particle confined only in that tiny space they created.
The risk for insomnia and other sleeping problems
Covering your head while sleeping can reduce the quality of your sleep, especially if you are a hot sleeper, yet you still love covering your head with a blanket.
You may find sweating or warm, and this can keep you awake throughout the night. Hence, if this habit continues over time, you may develop sleeping disorders such as insomnia, which is the leading sleeping disorder among Americans.
In addition to this, covering your head while asleep can also impair your breathing pattern since you have limited access to air, which can add up to the reason why you cannot sleep properly.
Greater risk for suffocation
Even though you find covering your head with a blanket at night comfortable, there is a specific risk this habit may bring, most notably to your respiratory system.
If you have underlying respiratory conditions such as asthma, heart problems, and sleep apnea, you may be at higher risk for suffocation since you have a limited supply of air inside your blanket.
That is why it is better you break off this bad habit, as this can lead to a greater risk of suffocation, especially for those people with lung disease when they cover their heads with a blanket while asleep.
Development of sleep apnea
What is sleep apnea? Sleep apnea is a serious sleeping disorder wherein there is a problem in the breathing pattern that can make you snore while you are asleep and give you the feeling of restlessness, even though you had a full night sleep.
The primary cause of sleep apnea is a narrowed airway circulation, which you can experience if you are sleeping while your head is covered with a blanket, as this can affect the quantity of air that can circulate on your airways.
It can lower your alertness during emergency situations
One major reason why you prefer sleeping with a covered head is to make it look dimmer and to lessen the noise or any kind of distraction that can hinder your sleep.
However, in return, you will be able to hear and smell right away if there is something that is happening around you, such as emergencies like fire or a thief trying to break in.
Therefore, to avoid such unfortunate events from happening, avoid this habit of covering your head while sleeping so that your senses are still alert, or you can be easily awakened when such things happen.
Instead of hiding your head to catch some good night's sleep, consider having a humidifier in your room to freshen the air and make the room set a vibe for sleeping.
Hence, you already know the hazards it can bring to your health if you continue sleeping with a covered head. However, on the other hand, there is one benefit this habit can do. You may continue reading it below to know more about it.
The Benefit Of Sleeping With A Blanket Overhead
While you may find this odd, there is actually one benefit this bad habit can bring. However, it does not outweigh the risks over this one benefit.
That is why it is better recommended to discontinue doing this if you have made this habit for so long.
The ability to breathe in warmer air
You might be wondering what benefit could breathe in a warmer air bring? Well, according to some people, breathing in a warmer air reduces the risk of catching a cold, and this is how it works:
When you catch a cold or flu, your body will start showing signs and symptoms such as having a sore throat, congested nose, and sometimes your ear might be a bit stuffy as well.
Since these body parts might become colder first before your other body parts, this means that a colder body implies a weaker immune system, which is the likelihood of getting sick.
Simply breathing in warmer air can help prevent illnesses and can keep your body temperature warmer. Moreover, breathing in cold air has always been linked to respiratory issues that cause diseases.
Therefore, you must break this old sleeping habit and just do these simple sleeping tips instead, so that you can still have that good night's sleep you get from that old habit. You can read more below to know these sleeping tips for a healthier and safer sleep.
Healthy sleeping habits for adults
Your habits during the daytime, and most especially before bedtime can affect the quality of your sleep since it can lead to a relaxing and healthy sleep, or a restless night.
That is why following a daily routine such as the food and drink that you eat, your schedule for the day, and lastly, the way you will spend your time before hitting the hay can greatly impact your sleep. In fact, just a few adjustments of time can make a difference in the quality of your sleep.
That is why some experts recommend completing this two-week sleep diary to understand further how your daily routine can affect the quality of your sleep.
If you have bad sleeping habits and you think that breaking of that habit can make your sleep uncomfortable, you should try these healthy sleeping habits to replace your bad habit and make your everyday sleep better and healthier.
Sleeping Tips
Try to follow these simple sleeping tips so that you can establish healthy sleeping habits.
Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
If you have established a sleep schedule wherein you must go to bed before 10'o clock in the evening and wake up at 6'o clock in the morning, you must strictly follow this schedule every day, even on weekends, or during your vacation.
In this way, your body already has its own body clock wherein you will automatically wake up on your own without setting the alarm.
In my case, since I go to work at 8'o clock in the morning, I wake up at five in the morning so that I can still have time to meditate before preparing myself to get to work. I need to go to bed around 9'o clock in the evening so that I can still an 8-hour full sleep since this is the recommended hours of sleep for adults.
Do a relaxing bedtime routine
Practicing a relaxing routine activity before bedtime, such as reading books or listening to classical music, can promote a healthy good night's sleep.
Moreover, these activities can help you set your mood from activities that can cause your excitement or anxiety juices to go up. Hence, catching asleep is more likely difficult since your mind and body are still active.
Avoid taking afternoon naps
Indeed, taking power naps for at least 10 to 15 minutes can get you throughout the day. However, if you have trouble catching sleep during the night, it is best if you eliminate taking naps at any time of the day.
Look for comfortable mattress and pillows
As we have been discussed on previous blog post that sleeping on a soft and comfortable pillow is the key to a good night's sleep; therefore, look for a pillow and mattress that will suit your sleeping position whether you are a side sleeper, back sleeper, or a sleeper who loves


Is a Polar Bear a Mammal? – Are Polar Bears Mammals?
Yes polar bear is a mammal. It possesses all the required characteristics of mammals. The ice bear is the carnivorous mammal. It is in fact the most carnivorous of all bear species. Polar bear is also the world's largest carnivorous land mammal living today.
Is a Polar Bear a Mammal?
Like all mammals, polar bear females nurse their cubs with milk. The female possesses mammary glands through which the milk is secreted.
Polar bears possess heart which has four chambers. All mammals have four-chambered heart.
White bears are viviparous in that they give birth to live young instead of laying eggs.
Is a Polar Bear a Marine Mammal?
While polar bear is the largest carnivorous land mammal she is also referred to as the marine mammal because the bear spends more than half of her life in water.
Polar bears have got the amazing ability to swim great distances. They can cover hundreds of kilometers in water without even relaxing. Characteristics such as these make polar bear the marine mammal.
Are Polar Bears Mammals? – Video
Through this blog I am not only going to initiate the debate over polar bears—in fact I'll be looking forward to initiating genuine wisdom and perspective on polar bears. The polarbearfacts.net is a project which is designed to educate just about everyone including teachers, scholars, students, kids, and laymen but, above all, the polar bear lovers!


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An old theorem of A. J. Wilkie (Some results and problems on weak systems of arithmetic, Logic Colloquium '77) asserts that a discretely ordered ring $R$ can be extended to a model of open induction if and only if for all $n>1$, there is a homomorphism from $R$ onto $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$.
Wilkie's proof proceeds by adjoining transcendental elements to $R$, but it is not clear that this is ever necessary:
Does every ring that extends to a model of open induction have an algebraic extension to a model of open induction?
Does anyone know anything about this? I know of no place in the literature where the question is even mentioned, although it has come up more than once in conversation.
Here is simple test-case: Let $R$ be the ring $\mathbb{Z}[t,\sqrt{2}t-r]$, where $r$ is a real transcendental and $t$ is an indeterminate. Order $R$ by declaring $t$ positive infinite. It is not hard to show that $R$ extends to a model of true arithmetic. I don't know if $R$ has an algebraic extension to a model of open induction.
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Can you please explain what it means for a ring to "model open induction"? – Andrej Bauer May 7 '10 at 13:31
2 Answers 2
Andrej Bauer asked in a comment, "What is a model of open induction?" Let me give the most modern and relevant answer and then explain the term "open induction", which is somewhat archaic.
Let $F$ be an ordered field. An (ordered) subring $R$ of $F$ is called an "integer part" of $F$ if
 1. $R$ is discretely ordered: This means the inequality $x < y < x+1$ has no solution in $R$. Equivalently, nothing in $R$ lies between 0 and 1.
 2. For all $x\in F$ there is some $r\in R$ such that $r\le x < r+1$.
Item 2 is equivalent to saying that every element of $F$ is a finite distance from some element of $R$, where "finite" means bounded by an element of $\mathbb{Z}$. Remember that $F$ can and usually will be nonarchimedian.
Items 1 and 2 together imply that there is a unique function $\lfloor\cdot\rfloor$ from $F$ to $R$ given by the inequality $\lfloor x \rfloor \le x < 1+\lfloor x \rfloor$. Think of this as an abstract analog of the integer part operator.
A "model of open induction" is an integer part of a real closed field. Mourges and Ressayre proved that every real closed field has an integer part. The term "open induction" comes from a paper of Shepherdson, who started this whole topic by proving that an ordered ring $R$ is an integer part of its real closure if and only if the positive semiring of $R$ satisfies the axioms of Peano Arithmetic, with the induction axioms restricted to quantifier-free (i.e. open) formulas. Shepherdson also gave recursively presentable nonstandard models of open induction, which is interesting because according to Tennenbaum's Theorem there are no such models of Peano Arithmetic.
Since then there have been many successful attempts to build recursive nonstandard models of theories a little stronger than open induction. The champ, to-date, is a recursive nonstandard normal model of open induction, given in a paper by Otero and Berarducci. Here "normal" means integrally closed in its quotient field.
The main unsolved problems concerning open induction, in my opinion, are (1) Is the universal theory of open induction decidable (i.e. is it decidable whether a diophantine equation has a solution in some model of open induction) and (2) Is there a recursive non-standard diophantine correct model of open induction, where "diophantine correct" means "extends to a model of true arithmetic".
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Interesting. In Brouwerian intuitionism the following is called "open induction", where $A \subseteq [0,1]$ is an open subset of the unit interval: $(\forall x \in [0,1]. (\forall y < x. y \in A) \implies x \in A) \implies [0,1] = A$. This seems unrelated to what you are talking about. – Andrej Bauer May 7 '10 at 15:27
I think this should have been edited into the question instead of posted as an answer. In any case, this should be community wiki. – François G. Dorais May 7 '10 at 22:42
I think that the answer in general is "no", and that this follows from results in a paper "Limit computable integer parts" by D'Aquino, Knight, and Lange (_URL_ Namely, by Theorem 3.5 and Remark 3, there exists a real-closed field $R$ with an element $r\in R$ and a $\mathbb Z$-ring $I\subseteq R$ such that no discretely ordered subring $I\subseteq J\subseteq R$ intersects $[r,r+1)$, but $b/i\in[r,r+1)$ for some $b,i\in I$. Then $I$ (being a $\mathbb Z$-ring) can be extended to a model of $\mathit{IOpen}$, but no such extension can be found in its real closure $\operatorname{rcl}(I)\subseteq R$ (since no discretely ordered $I\subseteq J\subseteq \operatorname{rcl}(I)$ can contain an integer part of $b/i$).
Caveat: the paper is so far an unpublished preprint, and I have actually serious doubts about its correctness. Namely, the claim "$\frac{p(a)}n+z$ cannot be in $(0,1)$" in the proof of the widely used Proposition 3.1 is unjustified, and in fact, I think that this proposition directly contradicts Example 2 (take $I=(x^2+1)\mathbb Q[x^2]+\mathbb Z$, $R=\operatorname{rcl}(\mathbb Q(x))$, and $a=x$; then conditions 2 and 3 hold as $I[x]=I+xI$ is easily seen to be discretely ordered, but condition 1 does not). However, I think that this does not affect the proof of Theorem 3.5, since all the elements which 3.1 is applied on there are (or can be taken to be) transcendental.
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Emil, Thanks very much for the reference. I'm not sure that Example 2 DIRECTLY contradicts Proposition 3.1, because (in the example you gave) $\mathbb{Z}[(x^2+1)/4]$ is not a Z-ring, as Prop. 3.1 requires it to be. But I'll have to think about this. – SJR Feb 3 '11 at 17:12
Fair enough, thanks for pointing it out. Hopefully it's correct now. – Emil Jeřábek Feb 3 '11 at 18:25
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Dissecting JQuery text()
Category:UncategorizedTag:,, :
An interesting question came up at work today. We had some existing code that was using the innerText dom method. It worked fine on IE, but not on Firefox (to be clear, I'm used to that working the other way around). If you look at QuirksMode you will see Firefox is the only browser that does not support this method as well.
Turns out if you use innerText on any dom element in IE you will get the text inside the element (in this case a span tag), but in Firefox you just get nothing. I mentioned that JQuery has a text method that does the same thing…but how did that work? I had to look that one up.
Step 1: Find the code
This is actually relatively easy if you know a bit about how methods can be added to objects. Turns out there are three ways to do declare a function in JavaScript – and 5 ways to call one. Anyway, search for "text:". This is what you should find around line 201 (as of JQuery 1.3.2)
 1: text: function(text) {
 2: if (typeof text!== "object" && text!= null)
 3: return this.empty().append((this[0] && this[0].ownerDocument || document).createTextNode(text));
 5: var ret = "";
 7: jQuery.each(text || this, function() {
 8: jQuery.each(this.childNodes, function() {
 9: if (this.nodeType!= 8 )
 10: ret += this.nodeType!= 1?
 11: this.nodeValue :
 12: jQuery.fn.text([this]);
 13: });
 14: });
 16: return ret;
 17: }
Step 2: Interpreting the code
Line 1 is the method declaration. We are attaching the method to jQuery.fn (line 35 in the document), which is using JavaScript prototype inheritance. The full line is "jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {". So jQuery.fn is extending all instances of the jQuery class type with the function defined with in the curly brackets {}.
If you look at the JQuery documentation you will notice there are two methods called text, one that takes a parameter, one that does not. You might assume this is the method that takes the parameter – actually, this single function handles both.
In JavaScript, according to JavaScript the Good Parts, what we call parameters, are arguments. You can retrieve arguments passed into a JavaScript function either by the named arguments passed in (the text argument) or via the arguments array (arguments[0]). Using the arguments array you can accept as many, or as few, arguments as you want.
Reading the setter (lines 2 and 3)
Crazy little think about JavaScript, declaring parameters is optional and so is passing them in. Using the line numbers in the code above as a guide: lines 2 and 3 are used if you pass in text to the method. If you did not pass anything into the text parameter, then you move on to line 7 (effectively).
Also note on line 2, the!== operator. In JavaScript there is a difference between!= and!==, and their opposites == and ===. The triple === checks the type as well as the value, whereas the == does not check type. So '0' == 0 returns true, where '0' === 0 returns false. Try to use === and!== instead of!= and ==.
On line 3 you see 'this' a lot. In this particular case, 'this' is a reference to the control you are setting the text of. First the element is being cleared, then an element with the text is being created and appended to the control.
A reference to the controls is being returned when everything is said and done.
Reading the getter (lines 4 – 16)
I'm starting on line 9 with the nodeType code. nodeType 9 is a comment, so that isn't something we want to change. Also nodeType 1 is an element. You would think we would want the text directly from an element type, but we don't, we want the 'text' nodeType (nodeType 3), which should be a child of an element node. So on line 12 you see a recursive call to the text method. Then, once the appropriate nodeType is found, nodeValue is called.
Line 7 and 8 are just there to loop through the multiple elements that a JQuery selector can return (Note: JQuery Selectors always return an array, even if only one item is returned).
OK, I hope you learned something from this, even if it is that JQuery can be opened up, and you can understand what is going on. Please leave a comment if anything I've written is in error.
On a side note, the innerText call that was causing trouble could have been replaced with a call to the JQuery text() method, but they went with innerHtml instead. Also, I did a quick search through JQuery to see if innerText was being used anywhere; it is, once, in a filter function that is part of the selector engine.
JavaScript: The Good Parts: Douglas Crockford: Books
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ISBN-13: 9780596517748
8 thoughts on "Dissecting JQuery text()
 2. Just noticed a small typo "I'm starting on line 9 with the nodeType code. nodeType 9 is a comment…" nodeType should be 8, not 9
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Tensorflow lite source code <TFLite Root folder> is the location where you downloaded the source code: cd <TFLite Root folder>. To build and compile the micro speech example, you download the Tensorflow lite source code: TensorFlow Lite (TF Lite) is an open-source, cross-platform deep learning framework launched by Google for on-device inference, which is designed to provide support for multiple platforms, including Android and iOS devices, embedded Linux, and microcontrollers. You have the following two options for using the converter: TensorFlow Lite Text Tasks - A library to integrate TFLite models on-device for popular Text Tasks related machine learning use cases Source code: https://github TensorFlow Lite Support API - A library with utilities and data structures to deploy TFLite models on-device. Additional Links: Tensorflow github repository. Putting everything together, the code below is how we build a Keras model, train it, convert it to TensorFlow Lite format, and test with the converted model: mentation we have updated the source code to replicate the compiler loop optimizations that are available in ARM. tflite) by PINTO0309, download the models from his repository and save it into the models folder. The overall architecture for converting TensorFlow composite operations to TensorFlow Lite fused operations is below: Wrap the composite operation in a tf. 也可以在通过VS Code开发本项目，打开Arduino Libraries Manager后，搜索并安装tensorflowlite。. Keras/TensorFlow: The TensorFlow Lite converter takes a TensorFlow model and generates a TensorFlow Lite model (an optimized FlatBuffer format identified by the . This can be done by adding the following line to your build. This step allows the SDK to work with the Caffe, TensorFlow, ONNX, and TensorFlow Lite frameworks via Python APIs. Get started. dev. If the jdk version is wrong when compiling, install 1. A network quantized to int8 will perform much better on a processor specialized to integer calculations. Source Code. ino文件最上方添加宏定义。. py'. 2, r2. I use the following command to generate Tensorflow Lite library (libtensorflowlite. Dangers of quantization Quantization methods and their performance in TensorFlow Lite. TensorFlow was originally developed by researchers and engineers working on the Google Brain team within Google's Machine Intelligence Research organization to conduct machine learning and deep neural networks research. See the guide. TFLite Support is a toolkit that helps users to develop ML and deploy TFLite models onto mobile devices. TensorFlow is a popular open source software library (developed by Google) for performing machine learning tasks. py' to send a custom dataset to the BNN network. Jump to ↵ In the TensorFlow Lite model, however, we have to inject one input tensor at a time to the "interpreter" and invoke it, then retrieve the result. TensorFlow is an end-to-end open source platform for machine learning. com/tensorflow/tensorflow. Use the file 'data. You can also build your own custom inference About: tensorflow is a software library for Machine Intelligence respectively for numerical computation using data flow graphs. 1. About: tensorflow is a software library for Machine Intelligence respectively for numerical computation using data flow graphs. contrib. First, I would like to highlight 3 key factors: There must be a perfect ladder. Source: TensorFlow Lite documentation. 8 not oracle-jdk1. 9. gz ("unofficial" and yet experimental doxygen-generated source code documentation) 📷 Repository for implementation Raspberry Pi & TensorFlow Lite C++ API to play AI apps. zip file to an appropriate location (e. 0 requires OPNJDK1. tensorflow:tensorflow-lite:+'. However, converting from float32 to int8 is not a smooth transformation; thus, it can lead to suboptimal results when the gradient landscape is wild. You can also checkout a release branch to build: git checkout branch_name # r2. . Download the TensorFlow source code. In the subdirectory 'models' there are three binarized networks implemented: vgg, resnet and alexnet. Use Git to clone the TensorFlow repository: git clone https://github. See examples. Putting everything together, the code below is how we build a Keras model, train it, convert it to TensorFlow Lite format, and test with the converted model: Eureka source code compilation, installation and deployment. 8, just need to modify build/core/main. It doesn't matter if it is oracle's jdk1. The TFLite Support project consists of the following major components: Run the build commands with the following compiler flags. Jump to ↵ ↵ About: tensorflow is a software library for Machine Intelligence respectively for numerical computation using data flow graphs. The benchmarking data are obtained with the benchmark_model binary, which is released in the TensorFlow Lite source package and included in Processor SDK Linux filesystem. In the TensorFlow Lite model, however, we have to inject one input tensor at a time to the "interpreter" and invoke it, then retrieve the result. 1 需要在. 8. Our ISA extensions are derived from the RISC-V Vector ISA proposal, and we develop optimized implementations of the critical kernels such as convolution and matrix multiplication using these instructions. TFLM at tensorflow. Python code to extract the data and create the data as per the below structure is available here. 1 In the above link, the example is deployed on the STM32F7 discovery board. TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers. After more than a week, I used my spare time to step on countless pits, and finally successfully compiled the source code of chromium android. Tech stack: C++ & TensorFlow Lite. No suggested jump to results; In this topic All GitHub ↵. There are also a lot of transformation options in 'preprocess. tensorflow : tensorflow-lite-select-tf-ops - Maven Central Repository Search Maven Central Repository Search Quick Stats About: tensorflow is a software library for Machine Intelligence respectively for numerical computation using data flow graphs. gz ("unofficial" and yet experimental doxygen-generated source code documentation) the TensorFlow Lite source code and cross-compiled for RISC-V. • Tensorflow Lite supports a subset of Tensorflow operators. To build an Android App that uses TensorFlow Lite, the first thing you'll need to do is add the tensorflow-lite libraries to your app. A TensorFlow Lite model is represented in a special efficient portable format known as FlatBuffers (identified by the . 然后使用Arduino IDE的菜单"项目"——"上传"即可烧写到Arduino（或devkit）。. MXRT to run model • Only can be used for TensorFlow models. In RV-opt and ARM-opt, we used RISC-V cross-compiled binaries and ARM cross-compiled binaries, respectively, of TensorFlow Lite using optimized_ops. A subset of this library is TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers, which allows us to run inference on microcontrollers. org. tflite binary into embedded system and use TensorFlow Lite inference engine running on i. There's no documentation, but the code is intuitive. mk to put requires_openjdk := false inside. Others 2022-04-28 13:10:52 views: 0. b) Change the directory to the TensorFlow Lite source folder by running the following command. tflite model. Follow answered Nov 23, 2019 at 22:06. gz ("unofficial" and yet experimental doxygen-generated source code documentation) In the TensorFlow Lite model, however, we have to inject one input tensor at a time to the "interpreter" and invoke it, then retrieve the result. It has a comprehensive, flexible ecosystem of tools , libraries, and community resources that lets researchers push the state-of-the-art in ML and developers easily build and deploy ML-powered applications. Putting everything together, the code below is how we build a Keras model, train it, convert it to TensorFlow Lite format, and test with the converted model: The overall architecture for converting TensorFlow composite operations to TensorFlow Lite fused operations is below: Wrap the composite operation in a tf. Putting everything together, the code below is how we build a Keras model, train it, convert it to TensorFlow Lite format, and test with the converted model: No suggested jump to results; In this topic All GitHub ↵. Generate a TensorFlow Lite model. Jump to ↵ ↵ Given you're in the main source tree of AOSP run the following: 3. Original Pytorch model No suggested jump to results; In this topic All GitHub ↵. lea Our ISA extensions are derived from the RISC-V Vector ISA proposal, and we develop optimized implementations of the critical kernels such as convolution and matrix multiplication using


text:
Dillon, MT has a longitude of -112.6 degrees and a latitude of 45.3 degrees.
Dillon, MT has temperatures that can go as high as 71.5 °F in June, 82.3 °F in July, and 80.5 °F in August. The hottest month is typically July.
Dillon, MT also has temperatures that can go as low as 12.3 °F in December, 12.3 °F in January, and 15.9 °F in February. The coldest month is typically January.
The wettest month for Dillon, MT is June with 5.0 inches of rain.
The annual weather and monthly temperature averages for highs and lows are presented in the table below. The weather values used to interpolate these values are provided by the US NAOO weather station values from the last 10 years.
|Average High (°F)||31.9||37.3||46.4||55.3||64.3||71.5||82.3||80.5||71.5||57.1||40.9||32.0|
|Average Low (°F)||12.3||15.9||23.1||28.5||37.6||44.8||50.2||48.5||41.2||30.4||21.3||12.3|
|Average Precipitation (in)||0.0||1.0||1.0||3.0||4.0||5.0||3.0||2.0||2.0||2.0||1.0||1.0|
Montana is a large state with considerable variation in geography, topography and altitude, and the climate is, therefore, equally varied. Average annual precipitation is 15 inches (380 mm), but great variations are seen. Heavy snowstorms may occur from September through May, though most snow falls from November to March. The climate has become warmer in Montana and continues to do so. The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades.
In reality, each climate is unique and finding one that is suitable can be a real challenge! We hope that the information here can be the starting point of your weather and climate research for your next vacation or potentially next home.
We hope you use this information to make your travel plans to Dillon, MT or decide if living in the Dillon climate is the right choice for you!

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Sun canopies are very strong and durable as they have great longevity which ensures their installation in dry and hot climates. Asides these climates, they also remain installed in cold and damp environments. SUN CANOPY
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A sun canopy helps to lower the temperature of the air and hence reduces the cooling cost of one's properties and consumption of energy. Sun canopies are quite beautiful and lovely as they are made in various wonderful designs and styles. Having a sun canopy would definitely beautify that surrounding.
If it is a home, office, church or any place, sun canopy would perform its primary function and also beautify that place. Family and friends could get to relax beneath and a sun canopy, gist, eat, drink and just have a nice time together.
Sun canopies come in various colors; hence people could purchase a sun canopy in terms of the color of their desire and the one that would match with décor of where the sun canopy would be placed. The basic function of the sun canopy is just to serve as a shade that would shade people from the sun while they are sitting outside.
There are some times when people would just want to enjoy the cool breeze and ventilation. During these moments, the scorching sun could serve as a deterrent to them having a comfortable time. This is why a sun canopy is very essential and important.
CONCLUSION: A sun canopy can be used anywhere as long as it is outside a building. Apart from people staying beneath a sun canopy, various other things like cars, plants and such other things that can be adversely affected by the high rate of sunlight could be kept beneath a sun canopy.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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of oxalic acid. Kale has lower amounts though and can be used in place of spinach.
- Collard greens. Collard greens are rich in vitamins and minerals making them excellent replacements for spinach. Their oxalate content is also not as concerning as that of spinach.
- Arugula. Another healthy dark leafy vegetable that has a nutrition profile very similar to that of spinach without the downsides.
- Green beans. These are very nutritious and packed with vitamin C, vitamin K, and manganese. They are also special because they contain more protein than most vegetables.
- Cabbage. It has a slightly different nutrient profile as it is not a dark leafy vegetable but it is still loaded with lots of nutrients like antioxidants, vitamin C, and fiber.
Our Final Thoughts
In conclusion, your dog can enjoy spinach and all its health benefits. It should however be given with caution because of its high oxalic acid content. Oxalic acid can combine with calcium and magnesium in the body making them less available for use. Oxalic acid can also form calcium oxalate in the kidneys resulting in kidney stones.
Spinach should be given in small amounts. It shouldn't be a part of a dog's daily diet. It can be given on alternating days or once to twice a week. Dogs with kidney disease should be given spinach with extra precaution. It is highly advisable to speak to your vet before starting your dog on spinach to reduce the likelihood of health complications.
Frequently Asked Questions
What leafy greens are good for dogs?
Some of the leafy greens you can give your dog include spinach, kale, arugula, swiss chard, and collard greens. Spinach and kale should be given in small amounts due to their high content of oxalic acid.
What vegetables are bad for dogs?
Vegetables that should not be given to dogs include onions, garlic, and tomatoes. Some vegetables are safe for dogs but should be given with extra precaution and these include spinach, kale, radishes, mushrooms, and cabbage.
Does spinach give dogs diarrhea?
If given properly to a healthy dog, spinach is safe for dogs. It can cause diarrhea in dogs if given in excess, unwashed, or raw.
What vegetables are good for dogs to eat?
There is a wide variety of vegetables your dog can enjoy for example cabbage, arugula, kale, collard greens, and lettuce.
Are there any health benefits of spinach in dogs?
Yes, despite its weaknesses, spinach is a very nutritious food with many health benefits. Some of the health benefits spinach can give your dog include better heart health, vitamins, and minerals, boosted immunity, and reduced inflammation.


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Noun: covering kú-vu-ring
Verb: cover kú-vu(r)
- A natural object that covers or envelops
"under a covering of dust";
- natural covering, cover
- An artifact that covers something else (usually to protect, shelter or conceal it)
- The act of concealing the existence of something by obstructing the view of it
"the covering concealed their guns from enemy aircraft";
- cover, screening, masking
- The act of protecting something by covering it
- The work of applying something
"the doctor prescribed a topical covering of iodine";
- application, coating
- Provide with a covering or cause to be covered
"cover her face with a handkerchief"; "cover the child with a blanket"; "cover the grave with flowers"
- Form a cover over
"The grass covered the grave";
- spread over
- Span an interval of distance, space or time
"The period covered the turn of the century"; "This farm covers some 200 acres";
- continue, extend
- Provide for
"The grant doesn't cover my salary"
- Act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression
"The course covered all of Western Civilization";
- treat, handle, plow [N. Amer], deal, address, plough [Brit, Cdn]
- Include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory
"this should cover everyone in the group";
- embrace, encompass, comprehend
- Travel across or pass over
"The caravan covered almost 100 miles each day";
- traverse, track, cross, pass over, get over, get across, cut through, cut across
- Be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism
"The cub reporter covered New York City";
- Hold within range of an aimed firearm
- To take an action to protect against future problems
"Count the cash in the drawer twice just to cover yourself"
- Hide from view or knowledge
"The President covered the fact that he bugged the offices in the White House";
- cover up
- Protect or defend (a position in a game)
"he covered left field"
- Maintain a check on; especially by patrolling
"The second officer covered the top floor"
- Protect by insurance
"The insurance won't cover this";
- insure, underwrite
- Make up for shortcomings or a feeling of inferiority by exaggerating good qualities
"he is covering for being a bad father";
- compensate, overcompensate
- Invest with a large or excessive amount of something
"She covered herself with glory"
- Help out by taking someone's place and temporarily assuming his responsibilities
"She is covering for our secretary who is ill this week"
- Be sufficient to meet, defray, or offset the charge or cost of
"Is this enough to cover the check?"
- Spread over a surface to conceal or protect
"This paint covers well"
- Cover as if with a shroud
"The origins of this civilization are covered in mystery";
- shroud, enshroud, hide
- (animal husbandry) copulate with a female, used especially of horses
"The horse covers the mare";
- Put something on top of something else
"cover the meat with a lot of gravy";
- (card game) play a higher card than the one previously played
"Smith covered again"
- Be responsible for guarding an opponent in a game
- Sit on (eggs)
"The female covers the eggs";
- brood, hatch, incubate
- Clothe, as if for protection from the elements
"cover your head!";
- wrap up
Derived forms: coverings
Type of: adjoin, apparel, artefact [Brit], artifact [N. Amer], ascertain, assure, be, broach, check, clothe, compensate, conceal, concealing, concealment, contact, control, copulate, correct, counterbalance, couple, deputise [Brit], deputize, dress, empower, enclose, enclothe, endow, endue, enfold, ensure, envelop, enwrap, even off, even out, even up, fit out, fulfil [Brit, Cdn], fulfill [N. Amer], garb, garment, gift, go across, go through, guarantee, habilitate [archaic], hide, hiding, include, indue, inform, initiate, insure, invest, live up to, make up, manual labor [US], manual labour [Brit, Cdn], mate, meet, multiply, natural object, pair, pass, play, procreate, protect, protection, raiment [archaic], reproduce, satisfy, see, see to it, step in, sub, substitute, tog, touch, warrant, wrap
Encyclopedia: Covering Cover, Protective, Individual


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ICID 70 => SUN_REGULAR_UNBINNED
- Sun irradiance over the regular aluminium reflection diffuser.
- Unbinned sun irradiance measurements over the regular aluminium reflection diffuser.
- Monitoring of spectral calibration.
- Monitoring of spectral slit function calibration.
- Monitoring of spectral and spatial diffuser features.
- Near the north pole, first light measurements, then dark measurements.
- Launch and Early Operations Phase (LEOP). Not used after 7 October 2004 (orbit 1224).
Sun over regular aluminium reflection diffuser unbinned measurement. First, the light measurements are performed, then the dark measurements are performed. It takes about 8*2=16 seconds to read out one complete image. The purpose of these unbinned measurements is to monitor the spectral calibration parameters, spectral slit function parameters and spectral and spatial diffuser features on unbinned measurement data and compare to binned measurement data. The dark (background) measurements of ICID 71 are eventually used to correct these light measurements in the 0-1 data processing.


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- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
Zalom is the first entomologist to receive the coveted award, according to Kim Kaplan of the USDA-ARS Office of Communications.
Zalom was singled out for his outstanding work in IPM related to sustainable horticulture production, specifically for "his outstanding leadership and public service in IPM for horticultural crops at the regional, state, national and international levels; his stellar accomplishments in horticultural crops sustainability and pest management and his work ethic, service, courage and integrity, all driven by his insatiable curiosity and passion to solve problems in the horticultural crops landscape," Kaplan said.
Zalom will receive the award, co-sponsored by USDA-ARS and the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS), on Thursday, Sept. 21 at the ASHS conference in Waikoloa, Hawaii. He will present the Morrison Memorial Lecture on "Significance of Integrated Pest Management to Sustainable Horticultural Production – Observations and Experiences."
The IPM concept was developed by pest scientists in response to economic, environmental, and societal issues facing growers, Zalom says in his abstract. "The application of IPM concepts to horticultural crops has been particularly useful to facilitate sustainable production when presented with extrinsic challenges that arise from the presence of insect pests. Changing consumer preferences, new governmental regulations, limited pesticide availability and resistance development, and invasive species introductions are among challenges to horticultural crop production that have been mitigated with an IPM approach. Observations and experiences demonstrate that effective IPM benefits from a transdisciplinary approach that places the plant as the unifier of knowledge."
Zalom, a past president of the 7000-member Entomological Society of America (ESA) and a member of the UC Davis faculty since 1980, holds a doctorate in entomology from UC Davis.
He is known for his work in the sustainability of tree crops, small fruits, vegetable crops, water quality and invasive species. Under his 16-year leadership as director, the University of California Integrated Pest Management Program (UC IPM) became recognized as the premier program of its type in the world. During that time, he reinforced the need for "sustainability" in the pursuit of managing pests.
The horticultural crops that Zalom has addressed during his 38-year career include almonds, grapes, olives, strawberries, tomatoes, and scores of others. Almonds in California account for more than 80 percent of the world's production and more than $4 billion of export value. California grapes account for all of the table grapes produced in the US, valued at $1.8 billion, and represent 85 percent of wine grapes that contribute to $32 billion in retail value. California growers also produce more than 85 percent of U.S. strawberries valued at about $2 billion annually, and virtually all of the country's olives and processing tomatoes. He is currently the primary campus-based entomologist working on all of these crops.
His research projects on pests, leading to successful agricultural applications, include navel orangeworm and spider mites in almonds, spider mites in strawberries, spotted wing drosophila in raspberries and cherries, and olive fruit fly in olives. He led the successful multidisciplinary research and extension effort during the 1990s that resulted in the reduction of dormant sprays in almonds and tree fruit by more than 50 percent while reducing organophosphate insecticide used as dormant sprays by over 90 percent. Recently, he and USDA-ARS virologist Mysore Sudarshana identified the vector of grapevine red blotch virus in vineyards as a treehopper, which now opens the possibility for developing a management approach to control the spread of the virus.
Known nationally and globally for his IPM leadership in numerous organizations, Zalom is an elected fellow of four scientific organizations: ESA, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Royal Entomological Society (London) and the California Academy of Sciences.
He organized and co-chaired--with presidents of four other entomological societies--the first ever International Entomology Leadership Summit, spanning two days within the 2016 International Congress of Entomology (ICE) meeting in September in Orlando, Fla.
Highly honored by his peers, Zalom is the recipient of numerous awards, including the most recent: Perry Adkisson Distinguished Speaker Award from Texas A&M University; the Entomological Foundation IPM Team Award, the Entomological Foundation Excellence in IPM Award, and the Outstanding Mentor Award from the UC Davis Consortium for Women and Research.
Zalom has authored more than 340 peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and books, and has served as major professor for 12 Ph.D. students and seven master's students.
The Morrison Award memorializes Benjamin Y. Morrison (1891–1966), a pioneer in horticulture, and the first director of the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, D.C. He also helped found the American Horticultural Society and the American Iris Society. A scientist, landscape architect, plant explorer, author, and lecturer, he advanced the science of botany in the United States and fostered broad international exchange of ornamental plants. He also served as chief editor of the American Horticultural Society's magazine from its inception in 1926 until 1963.
To this day, the National Arboretum shows the impact of his work--particularly in the dogwood plantings, the Asian collections, and the azalea gardens. He also helped organize the arboretum's national herbarium collections.
As a plant breeder, Morrison is probably best known for his azaleas, Kaplan said. "He was one of the leading azalea authority in America during the first half of the 20th Century, and he worked for more than twenty-five years to breed a group of winter-hardy azaleas with large, colorful flowers, especially suited for the mid-Atlantic. These included the more than 400 Glenn Dale hybrids that he developed."


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Plant: Succulent – Renowned for their resilience and minimal upkeep, succulents bring a touch of the desert's austere beauty into your home, showcasing a delightful interplay of textures and shades of green.
Planter: Bubble Planter – The contemporary design of the bubble planter — with its clear, rounded structure — offers a chic and modern setting for the succulent, providing a 360-degree view of its natural beauty.
Care: The succulent oasis requires minimal maintenance, thriving in a variety of indoor environments. We provide a complete care guide to help ensure your succulent grows healthy and happy for years to come.
- Place your Succulent Oasis in a well-lit area, preferring natural light to maintain its vibrant green hue.
- Water sparingly, allowing the soil to thoroughly dry between each watering to foster healthy root growth.
- Keep your succulent away from extreme temperatures, choosing a spot devoid of cold drafts or excessive heat.
- Encourage new growth by removing any faded or shriveled leaves, maintaining its pleasing aesthetic.
- Every plant is unique, and your succulent may showcase individual characteristics due to its natural growth process.
- The bubble planter comes included with the succulent.
With the Succulent Oasis, you bring home not just a plant but a source of daily inspiration and a journey into the mesmerizing world of succulents, captured brilliantly through the lens of the bubble planter, evoking a sense of tranquility and harmony in your living space. It stands as a testament to beauty in simplicity, promising to be a striking yet serene presence in any setting.


root of a connection tree 12. FIG. 1 shows the connection tree 12 for nodes A. The connection trees are structured in such a way that each node occurs only once in a branch from the root to the respective leaf. The following algorithm makes the formation of loop-free branches possible:
tree: =root;
start:
for each leaf L of tree do
______________________________________{ for each successor S of L do {if S is already in the path root -L then ignore S else add S to tree [making the new tree] }______________________________________
if new tree =old tree
then return [finish the conversion]
else go to start [continue with new tree]
This algorithm adds a further node as a leaf to each branch in each connection tree if this node has not yet occurred in the branch thus far.
Subsequently, each node in the connection tree 12 is examined consecutively. FIG. 4 is a representation of the node D as a target node. There are four possible connections from the root node A to the target node D in the connection tree 12: ACD, ACBD, ABDC, ABCD. If all four connections of the switching center 2 were rendered available, no loop-free switching would be guaranteed if an alternative path were assigned due to occupied lines. As mentioned above, a path assignment is carried out in each switching center 2 that takes part, which assignment is based on the respective switching data. If all the connections A-D were converted into switching data, with a root node A and a leaf node D, the following would hold for the nodes that take part:
A: switch to B or C
B: switch to D or C (or connection ABCD)
C: switch to D or B (or connection ACBD)
When the connections B-D and C-D are occupied, B switches to C on the basis of its switching data and C switches back to B. In this manner an endless loop evolves in which the call is lost.
Consequently, the number of connections rendered available to the switching centers 2 are to be reduced significantly. The connection tree 12 is shortened by the branch ABCD, so that a switching tree 13 arises which is stored in the memory area 5.3. Furthermore, the non-participating nodes are omitted in the representation of the branches.
The switching tree 13 provides for the connection A-D a group {ACD, ACBD, ABD] 14, from which are generated the switching data for the nodes that take part. The computation of the switching tree 13 is effected by means of an algorithm which is implemented in the microprocessor 6. The following steps are then carried out:
Sort the branches of the connection tree 12 from left to right (ACD, ACBD, ABD,ABCD)
Examine each connection A-D having more than three nodes for node pairs:
When the connection A-B-C-D is examined, erase all connections which include the pair CB (BC in reverse order), i.e. A-C-B-D from the remaining connection tree 12 that has not yet been examined. The switching tree 13 obtained in this manner is converted into switching data for all the participating nodes, so that loop-free switching in the network 11 is made possible.
The course of the algorithm for the connection tree 12 will be shown in the following by way of example:
Examine ACD: No erasure, ACD is a branch of the switching tree,
Examine ACBD: Erase ABCD due to pair CB in ACBD,
Examine ABD: No erasure, ABD is a branch of the switching tree.
Therefore, there remains the group of connections 14 {ACD, ACBD, ABD}.
For the network 11 in the exemplary embodiment it holds that no connection having up to 3 nodes may have an effect on another connection from A to D, because either a pair having node A on the second position (XA), nor a pair having node D on the first position (DX) can occur in the connection tree 12 and can be erased as a result.
A further possibility of computing a switching tree 13 for loop-free switching in the network 11 is realized with the algorithm to be described in the following, which is also implemented in the microprocessor 6.
Examine the connection tree 12 in pairs in lexicographic order, i.e. examine the pairs in the branches from top to bottom and also from left to right in one stage,
When the examined pair is, for example, BC, erase all the connections A-D containing the pair CB (BC in reverse order).
The course of this algorithm for the connection tree 12 will be shown in the following by way of example:
Examine AC: No erasure, because XA does not exist, see below,
Examine AB: No erasure, because XA does not exist, see below,
Examine CD: No erasure, because DX does not exist, see below,
Examine CB: Erase ABCD due to pair CB in ACBD,
Examine BD (ABD): No erasure, because DX does not exist, see below,
Examine BD (of ACBD): No erasure, because DX does not exist, see below.
Therefore, there remains the group of connections 14 {ACD, ACBD, ABD}.
Again it holds that the pairs AX and XD need not be examined, because they cannot occur in reverse order, that is to say, neither a pair having node A on second position (XA), nor a pair having node D on first position (DX) exists in the connection tree 12 and can therefore be erased.
FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the telecommunication system 1 according to the invention in which the control unit 3 was divided so that the path assignment unit 4 and a memory 5.4 area containing tables of switching data were taken separately in part 3.2. These functions are available to each switching center 2 and coupled directly or already included. The switching center 2 includes the switching circuit arrangement 7 which is connected, on the one hand, to the path assignment unit 4 and, on the other hand, to internal lines 8 and external lines 9 and also to the terminals 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 and 10.4. The remaining part of the control unit 3.1 includes the microprocessor 6 and the memory areas 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 which have the same function as in the control unit 3. The part 3.1 need not be available to each separate switching center 2, but can execute the computations for the network 1 centrally. The microprocessor 6 computes the switching data for each node from the switching trees stored in the memory area 5.3. These switching data are transmitted, for example, by data communications or via a data carrier to the memory area 5.4 of the respective switching center 2. The part 3.2 is arranged as a PC, so that a modification of the switching data on the spot may also be carried out by less qualified experts. The new data are loaded in conventional manner via a user-friendly operator interface.
Modifications of the switching data are centrally computed by the part 3.1 in the case of modifications of ambient parameters (for example, new tables of costs or a newly offered external network). The generated data may then be simultaneously installed on each node in a decentralized manner.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 gives a diagrammatic representation of a telecommunication system including 4 switching centers and a coupled control unit,
FIG. 2 shows a block circuit diagram of a control unit,
FIG. 3 shows a block circuit diagram of a switching center,
FIG. 4 shows a diagram which shows the procedure for the calculation of switching data, and
FIG. 5 gives a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of a telecommunication system according to the invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a telecommunication system comprising a plurality of mutually coupled switching centers and at least one coupled control unit.
The invention further relates to a control unit for a telecommunication system comprising a plurality of mutually coupled switching centers and a switching center for a telecommunication system comprising a plurality of mutually coupled switching centers and at least one control unit.
A switching center with an LCR function is known, for example, from U.S. Pat. No. 5,452,351 which function may be coupled to other switching centers in a telecommunication system. The LCR (Least Cost Routing) function as a criterion for the path assignment is a known feature which is rendered available especially in private telecommunication systems having a plurality of coupled switching centers. When there is a connection request from a user terminal, the associated switching center renders the path available to the desired user terminal that causes the least operating cost. These preferred paths are computed beforehand based on characteristic data (for example, charges per time unit, length of the time unit, instant of the connection request etc.) and stored in suitable form. Also alternative paths having respective priorities may be computed which paths are then selected when the optimum path cannot be used for the moment (for example, because of overload or interruption).
A plurality of user terminals are assigned to the switching center disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,452,351. In addition, a control unit which includes storage means and processing circuits for LCR functions is assigned to


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In summer 2017, undercover footage of a chicken catching company loading chickens from a B.C. farm for transport had many Canadians appalled and concerned. Workers were seen running over birds with forklifts, ripping off body parts and holding chickens by their necks.
Calls came into the BC SPCA from people across the country expressing how much they were disturbed by the footage – one woman was even unable to sleep! They all wanted to know how this situation could be prevented in the future.
Catching and loading chickens for transport may be carried out by the farmer, the transporter or a contracted catching crew. The process is not monitored by government, the SPCA or any outside agencies. This leads to disagreements between the farmer, catching crews and transporter over who should be held responsible for monitoring the birds' well-being during the process. In reality, the health and welfare of these birds is a collective responsibility.
While the undercover footage demonstrated egregious abuse, handling is always a stressful time for birds. Most chicken catching in Canada involves grabbing and holding birds upside-down by their legs once they are caught, often three or more birds per hand. This usually causes the birds to go into "flight" (try to get away) or "freeze" (freeze in place) mode to avoid danger.
Chickens are a prey species. They don't make a lot of noise when they experience pain or stress. In nature, raising a ruckus would make them more noticeable (and appear weak) to predators. They would be more likely to become another animal's dinner as a result. So instead, they freeze in place.
A less stressful method of catching involves picking birds up one by one and holding them upright until they are placed in their transport container. It's more time consuming for handlers to do it this way, but it's a lot less stressful for the birds and they are less likely to get injured.
This is the approach taken by Roger Harley of Harley Farms, a SPCA Certified farm in Keene, Ontario. The Harley family raises chickens on a 1,400 acres of sustainable farmland. They also raise heritage breeds of cattle, sheep and pigs. Roger's mantra is, "if you can't do it ethically, perhaps you shouldn't be doing it."
Catching chickens could also be a mechanized process. A machine called a "chicken harvester" designed to catch chickens mechanically is operated by remote control. It moves through the barn slowly, picking up birds as it goes. Chickens don't have the same fear response to the machine as they do to people. The chicken harvester has demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of injured birds compared to when chickens are "hand-wrangled" by people.
Tim Rempel, owner of Rockweld Farm, raises SPCA Certified egg-laying hens and broiler chickens in Abbotsford, B.C. Both he and the Harleys will only transport chickens in weather conditions that ensure the birds do not overheat or freeze. In the summer, they choose to transport their birds at night, when the weather is cooler and there is less traffic on the road.
But adapting transport practices to the weather is something producers can't always do without losing a significant amount of revenue. In an industry with extremely small profit margins, sometimes the death of chickens on a truck is less costly than rescheduling a pick-up or arranging for an extra truck to come so the birds have more space.
Dr. Trever Crowe from the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon gives credit to transporters, acknowledging that many he has worked with are actively trying to address some of the issues that result in bird deaths. Dr. Crowe says the "most important thing is to keep birds dry." If the chickens get wet, they are more susceptible to getting sick or dying. The cause of death is not always related to environmental conditions, though. Sometimes a bird's health is compromised before being transported, and that can be hard to spot during loading.
Dr. Crowe also pointed out that there is so much we don't know about how different factors affect each other, such as: length of transport, type and age of chicken, temperature, moisture, and even the air velocity can play a role in the birds' experiences and welfare.
He worked with a research team at the University of Saskatchewan to design and develop an experimental trailer that allowed the assessment of environmental conditions such as supplemental heat and active ventilation within poultry transport vehicles. Research results showed that while increased ventilation during cold conditions resulted in lower temperatures for the birds, the birds remained dry and were able to be transported safely.
What about laws and monitoring?
The section of the Health of Animals Regulations that pertains to the transportation of animals includes standards that are either infrequently enforced or are impossible to meet unless allowing some stress and suffering to occur. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), the governing body responsible for enforcing these regulations, views a certain amount of suffering as acceptable. Only once a threshold is reached will it trigger an investigation by the CFIA.
This is especially relevant to chickens. It is considered normal and acceptable for a certain number of chickens to die or become injured in transport. How many will depend on how tightly the chickens are loaded into the transport container, the size of the vehicle and environmental conditions.
The most effective legislation would require third-party monitoring of the number of injuries and deaths occurring in transport to ensure the number does not exceed set thresholds — third-parties are outside agencies with no affiliation to the farm, catching crew or transporter. Penalties could be issued to catchers and transport companies when thresholds are exceeded.
Dr. Crowe suggests that an incentive (reward-based) system could be successful in encouraging workers to follow their humane handling and transport training and avoid taking shortcuts at the birds' expense. Incentives could include monetary bonuses when no injuries or deaths occur.


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Workshop: Specification and Verification of Embedded Systems
These notes aim at refreshing our memory on the discussion we had on verification on Oct 28, 09 at Caltech and initializing a discussion on Richard's question/suggestion how model predictive control type ideas may play a role in constructing FSA from specifications and then translating to hybrid controllers.
Automatically generating a finite state machine from LTL properties provides a way to construct a supervisory controller that is correct by construction. To describe how this works, we distinguish between system specifications (all the possible behaviors of the system) and requirements (the valid/desirable behaviors of the system).
- Using the system (and environment) specifications, construct a finite state model which represents all the possible state transitions of the system. For example, in robot motion planning, we discretize the space into regions. These regions are represented by the nodes of the finite state model. An edge from node A to node B means that from region A, the robot can go to region B.
- From the system requirements and the previously constructed finite state model, use a graph search algorithm similar to that used in model checkers to extract an automaton from the finite state model which satisfies the requirement.
A serious drawback of this technique is that it suffers from state explosion (the finite state model of the system can get quite large) and thus, in practice, is not applicable for a complex system. In addition, extracting an automaton which satisfies the LTL requirements may take a long time since all the possible behaviors from the beginning to the end of the execution need to be considered in detail.
Receding horizon control is an effective approach to deal with large constrained control problems. The main idea is to choose the control action by repeatedly solving on line an optimal control problem over a finite horizon with certain cost associated with the end state. That is, we do not need to solve the whole sequence of the control actions from the beginning to the end of the execution. Instead, we only solve the optimization problem over a short period of time and use the cost associated with the end state of the horizon to guarantee the stability of the system. We may be able to apply similar idea to the construction of finite state machine from LTL requirements. For example, we do not really care about what exactly may happen more than 500 m ahead of the vehicle, we only need to know that from each of those points, we can get to the desired end state (or the sequence of desired states, in case we need to visit several checkpoints) with some approximated cost. This allows us to reduce the number of states that need to be considered while extracting an automaton which satisfies the LTL specifications. Using the idea from online/offline MPC, one thing we can do is to build a coarse finite state model offline and keep refining some portion of it online as the vehicle moves. In this case, extracting an automaton to be executed needs to be done online so we need to make sure that this process is fast enough.
- It is said that Synthesis constructs FSA as the solution of a two-player game. Can this game be expressed as a min-max optimization problem? If so, starting from that interpretation, can the problem be simplified/restructured for more efficient/smaller FSA construction?
- Is it possible to construct the FSA partially?
- Drive the construction with some objective. Imposing some kind of optimality may reduce the number of states to be visited.
- Varying detail construction: Finer requirements/partitioning close to the initial point and reduced details away from the initial point (just enough detail to ''guarantee" some ''safety" properties). Nok's 500m examples motivates this.
- How to reason about the correctness of the composition of two FSA which are correct-by-design? Conversely, given the high level system specification/requirement, how to come up with the requirements for each mode? For example, given the high level requirements for Alice (go from one checkpoint to another one, avoid obstacles, etc) how to come up with the requirements for the intersection, road, and zone modes and the transitions between these modes?


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In our last blog, we discussed the importance of remembering your 'why' and identifying what success looks like for your organisation as the starting point for unlocking the power of your contracts and commercial relationships. In this blog Brooke Consultant Sophie Andrew takes a closer look at how to do this.
In the same way that your organisation must have a clearly defined 'why,' you must also establish the 'why' for each of your contracts and commercial relationships.
"Why?" you ask? Good question. Contracts and commercial relationships that are not outcome-focussed and driven by clear purpose are almost guaranteed to fail to realise their full potential, or worse, result in disputes. So, let's make sure that doesn't happen.
There are three things you need to remember when defining the 'why' for each of your commercial relationships.
The first consideration is that the 'whys' for each contract should individually and collectively support your organisation's 'why'. In other words, the required outcomes for all commercial relationships should complement and reinforce each other in helping to drive organisational success. This means taking an integrated approach to your external relationships, rather than treating each contract in isolation. While this can be difficult when contract management is dispersed across different business units, knowing your organisation's why provides the reference point for aligning and integrating contracts.
For example, in one large resources company that we spoke to different business units were actually bidding against each other for the services of the same suppliers. This not only raised costs, but also made it difficult to maintain supplier continuity across large projects.
The second thing to remember is that every party to the contract will have their own 'why.' The trick here is to structure the contract and relationships so that as each party pursues its own 'why' they help to increase the size of the pie – the value generated by the contract.
In the resources company example, suppliers found it difficult to manage their workforces when they were constantly swapping between contracts from different business units. Once the resources company understood this, they started developing long term "master" contracts with each supplier, based on their forward pipeline of projects. The resources company achieved its objective of securing supplier services at reduced cost, while the suppliers were better able to attract and manage talent to not only reduce their costs, but to expand and improve their scope of services.
The third thing to remember is that while each party to a contract will have their own 'why', it is important to define an overarching 'why' for the contract that all parties agree to and can relate their individual 'whys' to. This overarching 'why' is in effect the pie that all the parties are seeking to grow in size, and in doing so achieve their individual 'whys'. It is vital to make this overarching 'why' for the contract outcome-based and measurable. Making it outcome-based allows each party to find innovative ways to deliver on their obligations and generate more value. Making it measurable helps drive performance.
Let's use an example from the airline industry. Airlines rely heavily on various commercial arrangements that are formalised by contracts in order to move people and cargo around the country and the world. They need reliable service providers across key global locations to make sure they get away on time, on budget and most importantly, safely. To enable them to do this, the airlines need workforces on the ground that value and share these same goals. Sure, these companies often have shareholders, and of course they have staff they need to pay. But when you ask what it is that brings them together with the airline, the answer from these suppliers should be around their shared outcomes of providing reliable, timely and safe ground operations to enable the airlines to operate to the highest expectations of their customers.
This may all seem very complicated to set up, but in our experience the hard work pays off. Far too often we are called in to help sort out commercial relationships that have become dysfunctional, where each party is preoccupied with point scoring, paper warfare or compliance with the minutiae of the contract. We usually start by getting everyone to remember why they entered into the relationship in the first place and we often find that this was either never very clear to start with or got lost in translation in the drafting of the contract.
Take it from someone who has seen a lot of money, and a lot of love, lost in contract combat – the best way to make your 'why' work for you is to do it from the outset.


Average Weather Data for Logansport, Louisiana
Monthly Averages
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Average Monthly high in °F: 57° 61° 69° 76° 83° 89° 92° 92° 88° 78° 67° 58°
Average Monthly low in °F: 35° 38° 44° 53° 62° 69° 71° 70° 64° 53° 44° 36°
Yearly Averages
What's The Average High Temp in Logansport? 75.8 °F
What's the Average Low in Logansport? 53.3 °F
What's the Average Temperature in Logansport? 64.55 °F
How Many Inches of Rain per year does Logansport get? 51.96 inches
How Many Rainy Days a year are there in Logansport? N/A
How Much Sunshine each year is there in Logansport (in hours)? N/A
How much, if any, snow falls each year in Logansport? N/A
Logansport Temperature and Rain Graphs
Average high in °F
Average low in °F
Average precipitation in inches


Common troubles solved
"It worked in the interpreter, now my proverb fails"
Goal: find a sentence that computes sum of squares.
 +/ *: 3 4
25
Remove the noun y, assign a name, and test the new proverb.
 sum_of_squares_wrong=: +/ *:
 sum_of_squares_wrong 3 4
12 19
13 20
Explanation: the proverb expands as if parenthesized. Two verbs thus form a hook invoking +/ as a dyadic addition table rather than inserting plus.
 (+/ *:) 3 4 NB. hook forms a table
12 19
13 20
Solutions:
 sum_of_squares=: [: +/ *: NB. Correct
 sum_of_squares 3 4
25
 ssq=: +/@:*: NB. correct
 ssq 5 12
169
My ah-hah moment! Write the proverb-to-be in parenthesis from the start. Once correct, it will remain correct.
 ( norm=: [: %: [: +/ *: ) 3 4 12
13
 norm 12 5
13
Notes.
 mp=: $:~ : (+/ .*) NB. ssq is a special case of matrix product
 norm=: +/&.:*: NB. clever norm
GotchaNoMore (last edited 2012-05-08 09:24:20 by DavidLambert)


Home > News > Technical Article > The Difference Of Frame Rate,.....
The Difference Of Frame Rate, Stream and Resolution
 - Author:mvteam
 - Source:mvteamcctv.com
 - Release on:2015-11-05
Frame rate is the quantity of image, resolution is the size of each image, that Means definition stream is the date quantity / second video after compressed, compressing is spantial reduce redundancy and time redundancy. So for stillness scenario, can getter better image quality, but for movement scenario, difficult to reach good image quality with high stream.
So Conclusion: setting Means realtime frame rate, resolution setting Means the image size, setting stream depends on the camera and scenarion, throuhg debut, until they get a acceptable image quality.
Frame Rate:
A frame is a stillness of the image, continuous frame forms of animation, like televison image. The frame rate usually we said, simple saying, image frame Transferred in 1 second, also can be understood is how many times the graphics image processor can update in 1 second. High frame rage can get more fluid and realistic image.
It Means used video data flow per unit time, it's the most important part in image quality control. Under the same resolution, the video stream of bigger, compressing smaller, higher quality image.
Resolution Means the size of image. Common resolution is 352 × 288.176 × 144.640 × 768 × _PHONE_, in the group digital, the former is the length of image, the latter is the width of image, two multiply, get resolution of image, usually we length: width is 4: 3.
MVTEAM Shenzhen Technology Co., Ltd. is China CCTV IP Camera manufacturer, focus on CCTV Surveillance for more than 10 years.


text:
Fox Photos/Getty Images
A happy-looking 1930s couple toasts.
The act of toasting feels natural: You lift your arms in affirmation and drink in honor of an occasion or a loved one.
It's what millions will do this week as they ring in the New Year, but why? Like shaking hands or saluting, toasting is a habit with incredibly foggy beginnings, so we here at The Salt decided to dig into it, for the sake of science.
"There's a thin line between history and folklore," says historian Paul Dickson. He should know. He wrote a book about toasting called Toasts: Over 1,500 of the Best Toasts, Sentiments, Blessings and Graces. "But toasting definitely goes back to the ancient world."
Ulysses drank to the health of Achilles in The Odyssey, he says. And in Rome, drinking to someone's health was so important that the Senate demanded that all diners drink to their emperor, Augustus, before every meal.
Almost every culture — the Hebrews, Egyptians, Persians, Saxons, Huns — had a pledging of honor with a glass, Dickson says.
But it wasn't always called a toast. The term didn't come about until the late 17th century. In the same way you throw a lime in tequila, it was customary to plop a piece of toast or crouton in a drink, Dickson says. Think of it as an early form of a cocktail snack.
"It may have been a flavoring device," he says. "The practice was common, and virtually anything found floating in a drink was referred to as toast."
Origins Of The 'Clink'
And the clinking of glasses? Dickson says that toasting flair didn't popularize until the early days of Christianity.
Many believed the bell-like noise would drive off the devil — which was most dangerous in times of drinking and reveling. But that's just one theory.
Another legend contends that by adding the clink, toasters could get the greatest pleasure from a drink, Dickson says. Before the clink, toasts only satisfied four of the five senses.
And there's a third theory.
Though Dickson's research can't confirm or deny this one, many believe the clinking of glasses began as a way for nobles to avoid being poisoned. The tale goes that the clank would slosh liquid from one drink to the other, reassuring the guest that his or her drink was safe and untouched.
The Road To The American Toast
Regardless of the reason, many in those early days drank to health, hospitality and honor. But every culture practiced different customs — some a bit strange. The Irish tended to recite blessings, whereas young Englishmen in the 17th century toasted sour drinks to profess their love.
"The practice called for men to show their affection for a woman by stabbing themselves in the arm, mixing their blood in their wine, and drinking to the lady in question," Dickson explains.
In Scotland, it was customary to drink sparingly during the meal and then bring in a large punch bowl filled with whiskey, hot water and sugar after dinner. The drinking sometimes lasted eight to 10 hours, Dickson says.
And as for early Americans — they adopted the tradition of toasting quite readily. But their ritual was largely directed to America as a patriotic gesture. They toasted to the new republic and the experiment of democracy.
"After the [Revolutionary] War, no official dinner or celebration was complete without 13 toasts, one for each state," writes Dickson. "For many years, the 13 toasts were obligatory at local Fourth of July celebrations."
Today, the ritual of toasting seems more popular than ever, perhaps a product of movies and cultural references, Dickson says.
Toasts have also evolved into something of a verbal souvenir: "It's something you take home with you as sort of a remembrance of that time."
We'll certainly do that on Monday night.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Germinal choice technology
From Cosmopedia
Revision as of 22:42, 12 October 2007 by CosmoSysop (talk | contribs) (1 revision(s))
Germinal choice technology refers to a set of reprogenetic technologies that, currently or that are expected to in the future, allow parents to influence the genetic constitutions of their children. This could be done through genetic screening of blastocysts (early embryos), or through germline engineering, which refers to human genetic engineering used to alter genes in the first cells of the blastocyst.[1]
Screening technologies have been in use since at least the mid 1990s to reduce the incidence of genetic disease, and what can be tested for is expected to become increasingly sophisticated in the late 2000s or early 2010's. Maturation in these fields would increase the range and sophistication of decisions open to parents. Germline engineering and even the engineering of human artificial chromosomes (which presently allow increased reliability) are presently being done in animals.


text:
In the past few years in the U.K., an increasing number of people are being subjected to "Anti-Social Behavior Orders", or Asbos. These are similar in some respects to personal protection orders (PPO) or restraining orders in the U.S., but the threshold for obtaining such an order is much lower. Most notably, it seems that the largest criterion for obtaining an Asbo is that somebody be offended by the target's conduct. Although an Asbo (like a PPO) is a civil order, the violation of an ASBO can result in a custodial sentence (similar to a contempt sentence that might result from violating an PPO). But given the lower threshold for issuance, there have been some peculiar results.
A couple of days ago, The Observer described how "Children with autism and other serious psychological conditions are being targetted by the government's controversial anti-social behaviour orders (Asbos), according to mental health charities and professionals." The examples they give include:
- "In one case in the South West, a 15-year-old boy with Asperger's syndrome, an autistic disorder, was given an Asbo which stated he was not to stare over his neighbours' fence into their garden."
- "In one example discovered by BIBIC, an Asbo was given to a 15-year-old with Tourette syndrome, which can involve an inability to stop shouting out profanities. The order banned the teenager from swearing in public, something made impossible by the gravity of his disorder."
- "In one case in the Midlands, the authorities applied for an Asbo against a 12-year-old girl with Asperger's who had been swearing in the street. It later emerged that she had heard her parents arguing with neighbours and had simply mimicked them."


text:
rogen. These results show that over a wide pressure range, a linear calibration curve cannot be used.
The low-speed application of pressure-sensitive paint is a topic which has gathered much interest over the past years. Low-speed flow exhibits small pressure changes and most low-speed facilities are open loop, meaning that they exhaust to atmospheric pressure. As PSP is an absolute pressure sensor, low-speed applications are extremely challenging, as the change in pressure ratio can often be or even lower. Over such a small range of pressure changes, it is reasonable to expect that the pressure sensitivity is linear. Clearly the highest pressure sensitivity is the most favorable for low-speed measurements. Around ambient pressure. the PtTFPP Polymer sample shows the highest pressure sensitivity, followed closely by the Ru(dpp)3 TLC and Ru(dpp)3 Polymer samples. Quinn et al. showed the challenges associated with applying PSP to such small pressure changes and compared the PtTFPP Polymer and Ru(dpp)3 Polymer paints on a full-field PSP test. Their results showed that PtTFPP Polymer gives a lower degree of spatial noise than Ru(dpp)3 Polymer and as such could be tested at lower velocities.
4.3. Temperature Sensitivity
The temperature sensitivity of PSP can be broken down into two components: the intrinsic temperature dependency of the luminophore and the temperature dependent oxygen permeability of the binder/substrate material. Figure 9 shows the response of the PSP samples at atmospheric pressure with increasing temperature. As the temperature is increased, the luminophores are deactivated more readily and therefore give a lower signal than the reference condition, meaning an increase in intensity ratio. The overall intensity decrease per degree is given in Table 3. The average value temperature sensitivity of the luminophores and substrates here is approximately ≈−0.9% °C−1.
The photodegradation of porous PSP was studied by Egami and Asai. They showed that the photodegradation of porous PSP can be extremely severe, and, depending on the luminophore, can be up to 47% per hour. Figure 10 shows that, in this study, the highest photodegradation rate is seen with the PtTFPP Polymer sample at approximately 8.9% per hour. The photodegradation rate for Ru(dpp)3 Polymer paint is approximately half that of the PtTFPP Polymer sample. A linear fit of the photodegradation is given in Table 3.
It has been shown from this study that tris-Bathophenanthroline Ruthenium(II) Perchlorate has a higher quantum yield than Platinum-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) Porphyrin for the same substrate type. This is especially noticeable when comparing polymer-based samples, where the Ru(dpp)3 Polymer sample has a quantum yield between 3 and 5 times higher than the PtTFPP Polymer sample. Therefore, if signal level is critical, it is favorable to use a Ruthenium complex as the luminophore.
It is easier to hold a large amount of luminophore in a polymer binder than it is to adsorb a large amount onto a porous surface. This leads to the polymer-based samples having higher signal output levels than the other substrate types. However, the response time of polymer-based paint means that it is only really applicable to steady flow measurements. If unsteady measurements are required then porous substrates need to be used.
Pressure sensitivity (especially for porous substrates) varies wildly depending on the amount of oxygen present. The PtTFPP Polymer sample has the highest pressure sensitivity across the largest range. This makes the PtTFPP Polymer paint the most applicable for low-speed measurements. However, if the oxygen concentration is low (either very low working pressures or with a nitrogen-controlled atmosphere) AA and TLC samples have better sensitivity. TLC samples exhibit better sensitivity than AA samples over a wider range, regardless of luminophore. It would appear that TLC plates are the best all-round performer. The disadvantage of TLC plates is that they are extremely brittle and can only be applied to extremely simple geometries. Porous substrates are also easily contaminated and can be extremely affected by changes in local humidity due to their hydrophilic nature.
Photodegradation is an unfortunate and unavoidable side effect of the oxygen quenching process. In this study photodegradation results have been presented that show that polymer-based PSP samples suffer from this more than porous samples. The photodegradation characteristics of PtTFPP are much more dependent on the substrate than Ru(dpp)3.
The choice of substrate for PSP tests can seriously affect performance, both in terms of pressure and temporal resolution. It is the hope of the authors that this article simplifies the choice for the reader by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used types.
The authors would like to acknowledge the work of the University of Manchester technical staff for their ongoing help and support. Special thanks goes to the EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) Engineering Instrument Pool for the loan of the Princeton Instruments ICCD spectrometer.
- Klein, C.; Engler, R.H.; Henne, U.; Sachs, W.E. Application of pressure-sensitive paint for determination of the pressure field and calculation of the forces and moments of models in a wind tunnel. Exp. Fluids 2005, 39, 475–483, doi:10.1007/s00348-_PHONE_-8.
- Zare-Behtash, H.; Gongora-Orozco, N.; Kontis, K. PSP visualization studies on a convergent nozzle with an ejector system. J. Visual 2009, 12, 157–163, doi:10.1007/BF03181957.
- Zare-Behtash, H.; Gongora-Orozco, N.; Kontis, K.; Holder, S. Application of novel pressure-sensitive paint formulations for the surface flow mapping of high speed jets. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci 2009, 33, 852–864, doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2009.03.002.
- Khalid, A.; Kontis, K. Optical altitude sensor based on pressure sensitive paints (PSP). Int. J. Aerosp. Innovat 2009, 1, 11–21, doi:10.1260/175722509787549507.
- Lui, T.; Sullivan, J.P. Pressure and Temperature Sensitive Paints; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany, 2005.
- Gregory, J.W.; Asai, K.; Kameda, M.; Liu, T.; Sullivan, J.P. A review of pressure-sensitive paint for high-speed and unsteady aerodynamics. J. Aerosp. Eng 2007, 222, 249–290.
- Lakowicz, J.R. Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy; Springer Science + Business Media: New York, NY, USA, 2001; Volume 1.
- Gouterman, M. Oxygen quenching of luminescence of pressure sensitive paint for wind tunnel research. J. Chemi. Edu 1997, 74, 697–702, doi:10.1021/ed074p697.
- Sakaue, H.; Sullivan, J.P. Time response of anodised aluminum pressure-sensitive paint. AIAA J 2001, 39, 1944–1949, doi:10.2514/2.1184.
- Asai, K.; Nakakita, K.; Kameda, M.; Teduka, K. Recent topics in fast responding pressure sensitive paint technology at national aerospace laboratory. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress on ICIASF, Cleveland, OH, USA, 27–30 August 2001.
- Sakaue, H. Anodized aluminum pressure sensitive paint for unsteady aerodynamic applicationsPh.D. Thesis. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, 2003.
- Baron, A.E.; Danielson, J.D.S.; Gouterman, M.; Wan, J.R.; McLachlan, B. Submillisecond response times of oxygen-quenched luminescent coatings. Rev. Sci. Instrum 1993, 64, 3394–3402, doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
- Sakamura, Y.; Matsumoto, M.; Suzuki, T. High frame-rate imaging of surface pressure distribution using a porous pressure-sensitive paint. Meas. Sci. Technnol 2005, 16, 759–765, doi:10.1088/0957-0233/16/3/019.
- Carroll, B.F.; Abbitt, J.D.; Lukas, E.W. Step response of pressure-sensitive paints. AIAA J 1996, 34, 521–526, doi:10.2514/3.13099.
- Schairer, E.T. Optimum thickness of pressure-sensitive paint for unsteady measurements. AIAA J 2002, 40, 2312–2318, doi:10.2514/2.1568.
- Winslow, N.A.; Carroll, B.F.; Setzer, F.M. Frequency response of pressure-sensitive-paints. Proceedings of the 27th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA, 17–20 June 1996.
- Gregory, J.W.; Sullivan, J.P. Effect of quenching kinetics on the unsteady response of pressure-sensitive paint. AIAA J 2006, 44, 634–645, doi:10.


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Bahrain is party to several international conventions pertaining to environmental issues. The Kuwait Regional Convention for Cooperation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution was enacted to help prevent, abate and combat pollution of the marine environment, to deal with pollution emergencies and to establish appropriate rules and procedures for the determination of civil liability and compensation for damage related to pollution of the marine environment. The Convention was adopted on April 24, 1978 and its date of entry into force was July 1, 1979.
Bahrain is also a party to the Agreement for the Establishment of a Commission For Controlling the Desert Locust in the Near East, adopted on July 2, 1965, and entered into force in Bahrain on February 24, 1969. The Agreement's objective is to promote national and international research and action to control the desert locust in the region.


s = pp, ps,i = 0. This can be understood from the similarity between the integral expression of \({C}_{{{p}}_{\rm{i}},{\ell }_{\rm{i}}}^{\,{p}_{\rm{s}},{\ell }_{\rm{s}}}\) and the orthogonality relationship of LG modes. The fidelity \({{{\mathcal{F}}}}=| \mathop{\sum }\nolimits_{{p}_{\rm{i}}}^{{p}_{\rm{s}}}{{C}^{* }}_{{p}_{\rm{i}},0}^{{p}_{\rm{s}},{\ell }_{p}}{C^{\rm{th}}}_{{p}_{\rm{i}},0}^{{p}_{\rm{s}},{\ell }_{\rm{p}}}{| }^{2}\) was evaluated within the considered subspaces (where indices pi,s are bounded from 0 to 10 and i = 0, s = p), where \({{C}^{* }}_{{p}_{\rm{i}},0}^{{p}_{\rm{s}},{\ell }_{\rm{p}}}\) represents the measured coefficients and \({{C}^{th}}_{{p}_{\rm{i}},0}^{{p}_{\rm{s}},{\ell }_{\rm{p}}}\) represents those expected from the thin-crystal approximation—both of the coefficients are obtained after normalizing the state in the reduced subspace.
In this approximation, the parity of the spatial modes is also conserved35. This effect can be highlighted by considering pump beams in HG modes38 which, on the crystal plane, read
$$\begin{array}{l}{\rm{H{G}}}_{{m}_{\rm{p}},{n}_{\rm{p}}}\left(x,y\right):= \left\langle x,y| {m}_{\rm{p}},{n}_{\rm{p}}\right\rangle\\ \propto \exp \Big(-\left({x}^{2}+{y}^{2}\right)/{w}_{\rm{p}}^{2}\Big){h}_{{m}_{\rm{p}}}\left(x/{w}_{\rm{p}}\right){h}_{{n}_{\rm{p}}}\left(\,y/{w}_{\rm{p}}\right),\end{array}$$
where hm(x) represents Hermite polynomials of order m. HG modes form a complete, orthonormal set with even or odd functions along the x- or y-directions; the SPDC state can therefore be decomposed as \(\left\vert {{\Psi }}\right\rangle =\mathop{\sum }\nolimits_{{m}_{i},{n}_{i}}^{{m}_{s},{n}_{s}}{K}_{{m}_{i},{n}_{i}}^{\,{m}_{s},{n}_{s}}\left\vert {m}_{i},{n}_{i}\right\rangle \otimes \left\vert {m}_{s},{n}_{s}\right\rangle\). This basis has been extensively studied35,36,43 and recently considered for biphoton super-resolution measurements44. When studying the SPDC correlations on the basis of HG modes (chosen with the same waist parameter w = wp of the pump), one has the conservation laws: \({n}_{\rm{p}}={{{\rm{mod}}}}({n}_{i}+{n}_{s},2)\) and \({m}_{\rm{p}}={{{\rm{mod}}}}({m}_{\rm{i}}+{m}_{\rm{s}},2)\), as can be directly inferred from the parity of the integrands appearing in the expression of \({K}_{{m}_{\rm{i}},{n}_{\rm{i}}}^{{m}_{\rm{s}},{n}_{\rm{s}}}\) (see Methods and ref. 35 for a detailed proof). Figure 5 shows calculated HG mode correlations for different states (with reconstructed biphoton amplitude and phase shown in the insets). The results show an excellent agreement with theory; in particular, the parity conservation is evident from the chessboard-like correlation patterns.
Fig. 5: Hermite–Gauss correlations.
figure 5
When pumping the crystal with \({{{{\mathcal{E}}}}}_{\rm{p}}(x,y)={{{{\rm{HG}}}}}_{m,n}(x,y)\), we observe biphoton correlations in the basis of HG modes that highlight the parity conservation of the SPDC process. Insets show the reconstructed biphoton fields from which the correlations have been extracted. Upon each plot, the fidelity between the retrieved field and the theoretical one in the thin-crystal approximation is reported. The error analysis is discussed in Methods.
Finally, Fig. 6 demonstrates an example of the potential applications of biphoton digital holography. The unknown pump beam can carry information about an image or be scattered by a three-dimensional object. The information about the scatterer is transferred to the SPDC state and can be retrieved through our technique (Fig. 6b). We show this in the case of off-axis holography, which can present limitations for complex structures due to the limited camera resolution. These limitations are not related to our proposal and can be improved by employing other approaches, for example, on-axis phase-shifting digital holography9.
Fig. 6: Image reconstruction.
figure 6
a, Coincidence image of interference between a reference SPDC state and a state obtained by a pump beam with the shape of a Ying and Yang symbol (shown in the inset). The inset scale is the same as in the main plot. b, Reconstructed amplitude and phase structure of the image imprinted on the unknown pump.
Conclusion
In this work we introduced a novel approach for reconstructing the spatial structure of correlated two photons states. Our proposal exploits the coherent superposition of two SPDC states and the possibility of imaging the amplitude of this superposition with a time-stamping camera. The experimental results showed how, from a single measurement, it is possible to retrieve, in post-processing, a large amount of information about a two-photon spatial state, including correlations in different degrees of freedom, entanglement and spatial mode decomposition in arbitrary bases. We focused on the simple case of SPDC generated from thin crystals and, for different pump fields, analysed OAM and parity conservation, high-dimensional entangled states and radial mode correlations. The results show the superiority of this technique, compared with projective techniques (for example, the ones in refs. 34,42,45), in the context of benchmarking highly correlated quantum states. We observe that, if a projective measurement was performed on a 11 × 11 subspace, in line with the ones considered in this work for radial modes, several days would be required to accumulate the necessary statistics on 1212 projections due to the low count rates associated with the lossy techniques used for mode projection. In comparison, our approach allows us to obtain the necessary data in a few minutes, independently from the dimensionality of the subspace to be analysed (the latter is only limited by the camera resolution). We also note that, with the time-stamping camera, when spatial correlations are present, a further background subtraction is possible thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio of this kind of measurement. We thus achieved a three-order-of-magnitude enhancement on the reconstruction time with high fidelities for the biphoton states, obtaining an average fidelity equal to 87%. The lowest fidelity values are due to imperfect pump preparations or an undesired spatially varying phase in the reference beam and not to intrinsic