text:
تجزیه و تحلیل عملکرد توربین میکروگاز و و چیلرهای جذب آب / LiBr گاز اخراجی با پست احتراق
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|27841||2005||13 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||محاسبه نشده|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 25, Issue 1, January 2005, Pages 87–99
The integration of microgas turbines (MGT) and absorption chillers is an emerging technology that uses a wide range of fuels to produce electricity, cooling and heating simultaneously for small scale distributed generation in grid connected or isolated locations. This paper studies the performance of MGTs of different power capacities directly coupled to double-effect water–LiBr absorption chillers. In these systems the MGT exhaust gas is the heating medium to drive the chiller. Also post-combustion natural gas is used to increase the cooling capacity of the system. The paper analyses the effect of the post-combustion degree on the integrated system performance of four MGT power sizes. Two cases are considered. In the first, fresh air is added together with the post-combustion natural gas and in the second it is not added. In the latter case the oxygen necessary for the combustion reaction is extracted from the MGT exhaust gas stream. For the sake of comparison a study is also made of the performance of a more conventional system consisting of an MGT and a hot water heat exchanger to drive an absorption chiller. The main advantages of the new technology over this conventional system are that the COP of the chillers is higher because they are driven by higher temperatures, the production of electricity and chilled water is decoupled and there is a wider range of chilled water production capacity.
The new distributed generation equipment coming onto commercial and industrial markets provides waste heat that can be applied to absorption cooling. This significantly increases overall system efficiencies. On the other hand, expanding power demands, increasingly restrictive environmental regulations and the deregulation of the electricity market are providing an opportunity for developing these new on-site distributed generation technologies such as microgas turbines (MGT). MGT technology can be integrated in distributed power generation systems to produce electricity, heating and cooling simultaneously for air conditioning and industrial applications although such uses as vehicle propulsion are also currently under development. The main advantages that they have over other competing technologies are the fuel flexibility, low emissions, quiet operation and low maintenance and. The electrical efficiency of the current regenerative MGTs, which are also characterised also by low pressure ratios and modest turbine inlet temperatures, is in the range of 25–30% depending on the MGT size. Thus if the overall system efficiency is to be competitive the waste heat available in the MGT exhaust gas must be effectively recovered. In warm climates such as the Mediterranean where there can be long hot periods, so-called trigeneration systems (power, hot and chilled water) are a better alternative than the simple cogeneration system for producing only power and heat. Absorption refrigeration systems can be used in combination with MGT to recover MGT waste heat so that chilled water can be produced and the electric load demanded by the more conventional compression refrigeration systems reduced or eliminated. Nowadays the only commercially mature technology for cooling using absorption chillers for small power applications in combination with MGT is the one using an intermediate gas/water heat exchanger that produces hot water to drive the absorption system. Because of the low temperatures, only single-effect absorption chillers can be used. So the existing MGT/absorption systems are too limited: their COPs are too low, the range of chilling capacities are not wide enough, and electricity and cooling capacity depend completely on each other, etc. For these reasons it was decided to analyse the possibility of using the exhaust gas in direct fired absorption machines with the option of natural gas post-combustion. Direct-fired chillers are more efficient and better positioned in the refrigeration market than their hot water driven counterparts. Some research projects are being carried out into direct MGT exhaust gas fired absorption systems although not all of them use cofiring. The most well known are the CEEE project at the University of Maryland, Southern California Gas Co., Takuma/Capstone and Ingersoll–Rand/Hussman all in the USA, the University of Pisa project in Italy and the Icogen S.A. development in Spain. Some new small ammonia/water generator–absorber heat exchange (GAX) chillers are promising because they can be driven directly by exhaust gas and do not require a cooling tower. These GAX systems are entering the market now (2004). The objective of this paper is to study the integration of MGTs and double-effect direct-fired absorption systems. The exhaust gases from the MGT are directed to the absorption chiller with the option of additional natural gas post-combustion. Two cases are considered. In the first, fresh air is added together with the post-combustion natural gas. In the second, fresh air is not added and the oxygen necessary for the combustion reaction is extracted from the MGT exhaust gas stream. A comparison is made with a similar system that uses a hot-water driven absorption system. Before the modelling characteristics and the results are presented, the current technology in MGT and absorption cooling suitable for MGT/absorption refrigeration coupling will be briefly reviewed. Also the special features of the various MGT/absorption refrigeration integrated systems will be presented.
نتیجه گیری انگلیسی
The main advantages of a directly driven absorption chiller with a post-combustion system over the more conventional single-effect hot-water driven system are a higher COP, a decoupling between electricity and chilled water production and a wider range of chilled water production capacity. Two directly fired cases have been studied: in one case extra fresh air was added for post-combustion and in the other it was not. With additional fresh air, the cooling capacity of a directly fired double-effect chiller integrated in an MGT with an electric power capacity between 30 and 100 kWe increases from 500 to more than 1600 kW depending on the MGT size and the degree of post-combustion. In the MGT/absorption chiller system with post-combustion and fresh air there is an optimum amount of post-combustion represented by a PCF ratio of about 0.25 that produces the optimum global operation point of the system. This means that at this ratio value, the operational costs will be lowest. This point of maximum efficiency exactly matches the maximum temperature of the gases entering the chiller. As the amount of post-combustion natural gas increases so does the cooling capacity but the fresh air required for cofiring also increases and dilutes the heat provided by the gases coming from the MGT. For this reason the cooling power decreases after a certain optimum value of post-combustion is exceeded. When no additional fresh air is added for the post-combustion, the MGT exhaust gas is directly used as combustion air. In this case, the amount of post-combustion natural gas is limited by the maximum temperature that the post-combustion chamber can withstand, not by the oxygen content in the MGT exhaust gas. The maximum cooling capacity in this case is lower than when additional fresh air is used. Below this maximum point, the cooling capacities with and without additional air are not very different but higher when fresh air is added.


text:
*Shipping cost is already included*
Pick up prices:
500 meal worms $10
1000 meal worms $15
2000 meal worms $25
5000 meal worms $40
10000 meal worms $65
20000 meal worms $120
We raise mealworms. They are the larva of the Darkling beetle. These little critters need little care. Some wheat bran or ground oats and a slice of potato or carrot and you're off and running. As the larvae grows it shed's outer layer again and again. Once it is full grown it sheds it's skin one more time and becomes a pupa (like a cocoon for a butterfly). About a week later, it becomes a beetle. This is a low cost way of raising food for your chickens, other birds, and reptiles. These can also be used as fishing bait.
Once the beetles lay their eggs, it takes roughly a month before you can start the see the larvae with the naked eye. From there, they will continue to eat, shed, grow and poop. The mealworm poop is more endearingly referring to as frass. The frass and shed skin may need to be cleaned out every month or so. Depending on the temperature and humidity conditions, the larval stage may take roughly two to three months. Do not throw away your frass! This is a nutrient rich soil amendment that is great to mix into potting soil.
At this point you may notice a few puae in with your mealworms. This is simply the larvae moving into the next stage of their life cycle. The pupae do no not eat or move much other than a few twitches here and there. Once they are done lounging, a beetle will emerge. At first, new beetles are a clear white color. Over time, they turn more copper colored, and finally black. Beetles appreciate darkness. They love empty toilet paper rolls, egg cartons, and other pieces of cardboard to hide out in.
These can be used as feed for chicken and birds, sugar gliders, hedgehogs, and small reptiles like geckos and lizards.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


The Music of Brain Shift Radio
All of the music on Brain Shift Radio is composed and performed by BSR co-founder Jeff Strong (read Jeff's blog here). Each of the rhythm tracks use acoustic percussion instruments. Tracks employing single drums were played live, while the multi-instrument tracks utilize multi-tracking and overdubbing techniques with Jeff assuming the role of one-man-band.
The ambient tracks are all performed on a variety of keyboards and synthesizers. These are human performances with no loops or corrections.
If you listen carefully (which you aren't supposed to do, by the way, because this music is meant to be background stimulus :-) you will hear the ocassional mistake and many variations in tempo, timbre, and timing. This is important because the human brain is far more responsive to music with this human element.
The reason for offering separate rhythm and ambient tracks is one we cover a lot in the Articles section of the website, but to offer an overview, the rhythm track is the key to getting your brain to shift. The underlying pulse of the rhythm drives your brain to the desired state while the variations in the rhythm - both the pitches and the accents - stimulate the brain in specific ways.
The ambient instrumental tracks act as modulators and modifiers to the rhythm tracks, reducing or altering the effects of the rhythm on the brain. In a purely clinical setting ambient tracks are generally not used, but for Brain Shift Radio we include them so that you have more control over your experience with the rhythms. This also makes it more fun.
You can learn more about the music of Brain Shift Radio in these articles:
Understanding BSR Rhythm and Ambient Music Tracks
Understanding Variant and Modifier tracks
A Look at Rhythmic Entrainment Intervention by Its Creator
© Copyright for all music and written content for Brain Shift Mobile and BSR Mobile is owned by the Strong Institute, publisher of Brain Shift Radio and BSR Mobile. Used with permission.
Mark H.
Shirley L.
Allie S.
Sanda P.
Mother of 5 y/o son with autism


text:
|Born||October 5, 1841
Offenbach am Main, Grand Duchy of Hesse
|Died||April 1, 1876
Offenbach am Main, Grand Duchy of Hesse
|Era||19th century philosophy|
|Main interests||Metaphysics, psychology|
|Notable ideas||the Will to Die|
Philipp Mainländer (October 5, 1841 April 1, 1876) was a German poet and philosopher. Born as Philipp Batz, he later changed his name into Mainländer from adoration for his hometown Offenbach am Main.
In his central work Die Philosophie der Erlösung (The Philosophy of Redemption) —according to Theodor Lessing "perhaps the most radical system of pessimism known to philosophical literature" 1 —Mainländer proclaims that life is absolutely worthless, and that "the will, ignited by the knowledge that non-being is better than being, is the supreme principle of morality." 2
Born "as a child of marital rape" (German: als Kind ehelicher Notzucht3) on October 5, 1841, in Offenbach, Philipp Mainländer grew up the youngest of six siblings.
In 1856, on paternal instruction, Mainländer entered the commercial school of Dresden to become a merchant. Two years later, he was employed in a trading house in Naples, Italy, where he learned Italian and acquainted himself with the works of Dante, Petrarca, Boccaccio, and – most notably – Leopardi. Mainländer would later describe his five Neapolitan years as the happiest ones of his life.
During this critical period of his life, Mainländer discovered Arthur Schopenhauer's central work The World as Will and Representation. Nineteen years old at the time, he would later describe the event as a penetrating revelation, referring to the month of February 1860 as the "most important of [his] life". 4 Indeed Schopenhauer would remain the most important influence on Mainländer's later philosophical work.
In 1863, Mainländer returned to Germany to work in his father's business. In the same year, he also penned the three part poem Die letzten Hohenstaufen ("The Last Hohenstaufen"). Two years later, on October 5, Mainländer's 24th birthday, his mother died. Deeply affected by this experience of loss, Mainländer began an ongoing turn away from poetry and towards philosophy. During the following years, he studied Schopenhauer, Kant – "not poisoned through Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, but rather critically strengthened through Schopenhauer"5)", Eschenbach's Parzival, and the classics of philosophy from Heraclitus to Condillac.
In March 1869, Mainländer worked in the banking house J. Mart. Magnus in Berlin with the declared goal of amassing a small fortune within a few years and then leading a decent life from the interest earnings. However, the stock market crash at the Wiener Börse on May 8, 1873 (Wiener Krach), totally ruined Mainländer and caused a sudden end to these plans. In 1873, Mainländer resigned from his post at the bank without really knowing what he would do afterwards.
Although his wealthy parents had bought off his military service in 1861, Mainländer – according to an autobiographic note – expressed the desire "to be absolutely in all things submitted to another one once, to do the lowermost work, to have to obey blindly"6 and sedulously undertook numerous attempts to serve with weapons. On April 6, 1874, Mainländer, already 32 years old, submitted a request directly to the emperor Wilhelm I of Germany which was granted resulting in his appointment to the Cuirassiers in Halberstadt, beginning September 28th. During the four months leading up to his conscription, Mainländer, obsessed with work, composed the first volume of his main work The Philosophy of Redemption.
Mainländer handed the completed manuscript to his sister Minna, asking her to find a publisher while he completed his military service. The author composed a letter to the as yet unknown publisher, requesting the omission of his birth name and substitution of the nom de plume "Philipp Mainländer", and stating that he would abhor nothing more than "being exposed to the eyes of the world" (German: "als den Augen der Welt ausgesetzt zu sein"7).
On November 1, 1875, Mainländer — originally committed for three years, but in the meantime, as he noted in a letter to his sister Minna, "exhausted, worked-out, […] at completely […] healthy body ineffably tired" (German: „verbraucht, worked out, […] bei vollkommen […] gesundem Körper unaussprechlich müde"8) — was prematurely released from military service, and traveled back to his hometown of Offenbach, where he — again having become obsessed with work — within a mere two months, corrected the unbound sheets of The Philosophy of Redemption, composed his memoirs, wrote down the novella Rupertine del Fino, and completed the 650-page second volume of his magnum opus.
From February of that year on, Mainländer's mental collapse — which has been compared to the collapse Nietzsche would suffer only years later9 — became apparent. Eventually, descending into megalomania and believing himself to be a messiah of social democracy,10 in the night on April 1, 1875, Mainländer hanged himself in his residence in Offenbach. A pile of voucher copies of The Philosophy of Redemption, which had arrived the previous day, had served as a pedestal. He was thirty-four years old.
Nietzsche's strong interest in Schopenhauer led him to read writers who were influenced by Schopenhauer. Such writers were Eduard von Hartmann, Julius Bahnsen, and Mainländer. He did not think that these authors were genuine German pessimists. Nietzsche mentioned Mainländer only once in his works.
Could one count such dilettantes and old maids as the sickeningly sentimental apostle of virginity, Mainländer, as a genuine German? … Neither Bahnsen, nor Mainländer, and especially Eduard von Hartmann, gives a secure handle regarding the question whether Schopenhauer's pessimism, his horrified look into a god–deprived, stupid, blind, insane, and questionable world, his honest horror, was not merely an exceptional case among Germans but was a German event.
— Die fröhliche Wissenschaft (The Gay Science), § 357
||Constructs such as ibid., loc. cit. and idem are discouraged by Wikipedia's style guide for footnotes, as they are easily broken. Please improve this article by replacing them with named references (quick guide), or an abbreviated title. (July 2010)|
- Theodor Lessing: Schopenhauer, Wagner, Nietzsche. Eine Einführung in die moderne Philosophie. Leipzig 1907. (in German: "vielleicht das radikalste System des Pessimismus, das die philosophische Literatur kennt.")
- Philipp Mainländer: Philosophie der Erlösung. Quoted after Ulrich Horstmann (Ed.): Vom Verwesen der Welt und anderen Restposten, Manuscriptum, Warendorf 2003, p. 85. (in German: "[der] von der Erkenntnis, daß Nichtsein besser ist als Sein, entzündete Wille [ist] das oberste Prinzip aller Moral.")
- Fritz Sommerlad: Aus dem Leben Philipp Mainländers. Mitteilungen aus der handschriftlichen Selbstbiographie des Philosophen. Printed in Winfried H. Müller Seyfarth (ed.): Die modernen Pessimisten als décadents. Texte zur Rezeptionsgeschichte von Philipp Mainländers ‚Philosophie der Erlösung'. p. 95
- Ibid., p. 98 (German: [den] bedeutungsvollsten Tag [seines] Lebens)
- Ibid., p. 102 (German: nicht durch Fichte, Schelling und Hegel vergiftet, sondern vielmehr durch Schopenhauer kritisch gestählt)
- Ibid., p. 88. (German: einmal unbedingt einem anderen in allem unterworfen zu sein, die niedrigste Arbeit zu tun, blind gehorchen zu müssen)
- Philipp Mainländer: Meine Soldatengeschichte. Tagebuchblätter. Quoted after Ulrich Horstmann (Ed.): Vom Verwesen der Welt und anderen Restposten. Manuscriptum, Warendorf 2003, p. 211
- Walther Rauschenberger: Aus der letzten Lebenszeit Philipp Mainländers. Nach ungedruckten Briefen und Aufzeichnungen des Philosophen. ‚Süddeutsche Monatshefte' 9, p. 121
- Ulrich Horstmann: Mainländers Mahlstrom. Über eine philosophische Flaschenpost und ihren Absender. In Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, No. 508, 1989.
- Walther Rauschenberger: Aus der letzten Lebenszeit Philipp Mainländers. Nach ungedruckten Briefen und Aufzeichnungen des Philosophen

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


... COLORS and Kigo - grey
[. BACK to Worldkigo TOP. ]
The four colors of four haiku seasons
The five colors of Buddhism
. Colors and Haiku.
According to Henry Dreyfus, Japanese, in contrast with Westerners, grasp colors on an intuitively horizontal plane, and pay little heed to the influences of light. Colors whether intense of soft, are identified not so much on the basis of reflected light or shadow,
but in terms of the meaning or feeling associated with them.
The adjectives used to describe colors, like iki (sophisticated or chic), shibui (subdued or restrained), or hannari (gay or mirthful), tend to be those that stress feelings rather than the values of colors in relation to each other.
According to Henry Dreyfus, Black, sumi, is the color of mystery and solemnity; the color of the night. Black expresses the depths of the unknown, and encourages the imagination of a different world from that of daylight realities. Used by itself, black can represent bad luck or misfortune.
According to Henry Dreyfus, indigo blue, ai, mirrors the color of the vast ocean surrounding the Japanese islands. This shade of blue is very commonly seen in Japanese art and clothing.
According to Henry Dreyfus, gold, kin, can evoke the sensation of looking upon waving fields of ripened rice stalks. Gold is also associated with royalty. It represents the color of the heavens, and is used to decorate statues of the Buddha and religious temples.
According to Henry Dreyfus, green, midori is regarded as the color of eternal life, as seen in evergreens which never change their color from season to season. In the word midori, both trees and vegetation are implied. One characteristic of Japanese culture can be found in the fusion of life and nature.
According to Henry Dreyfus, the word for red and white, Kohaku, is pronounced as one word in Japanese. Ko means red, while haku translates as white. Their use together immediately signifies happiness and celebration to the Japanese viewer. The combination of red and white in the decorative ornaments used on wedding or engagement presents -noshi or kaishihas a compelling quality that suggests man's urge to create a bond between his own life and that of the gods. Red and white are also the colors of the uniforms that shrine maidens wear (denoting these colors divine nature.)
source : _URL_
Grey, Gray (hai-iro, hyaku nezu )
***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Non-seasonal Topic
***** Category: Humanity
for other colors, see below.
gray, grey, grau, nezumi-iro 鼠色
ash gray, hai-iro, kaishoku 灰色（かいしょく・はいいろ）
In the Edo period, when showing off was not allowed, the colors were given subdued names too, all hundred shades of grey, Edo Hyaku nezu 江戸百鼠.
These shades were very fashionable for kimono. They had very delicate shades of each color.
There were also 48 different shades of green and the 100 gray shades, in a famous saying: shijuuhatcha hyakunezumi 四十八茶、百鼠.
yonjuuhatcha hyakunezu
Look at them here.
Rikyu Rat Grey, Rikyu nezu
利休鼠（りきゅうねず） Rikyuu
. Sen Rikyuu, Sen Rikyū 千利休 Sen Rikyu, Sen no Rikyu .
Sen Rikyu, Sen Rikyū 千利休
1522 - April 21, 1591 (some dates give March 28.)
陰暦二月二十八日 28th day of the 2nd lunar month
the historical figure with the most profound influence on chanoyu, the Japanese "Way of Tea", particularly the tradition of wabi-cha. Rikyū is known by many names; for convenience this article will refer to him as Rikyū throughout.
There are three iemoto (sōke), or "head houses" of the Japanese Way of Tea, that are directly descended from Rikyū: the Omotesenke, Urasenke, and Mushakōjisenke, all three of which are dedicated to passing forward the teachings of their mutual family founder, Rikyū.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA!
If you have one pot
And can make your tea in it
That will do quite well.
How much does he lack himself
Who must have a lot of things?
Sen Rikyu
The Nature of Rikyu Grey
..... If one is going to name a certain sensation, formulate an outline of its features, trace its history or search for the origin of that sensation, it must inspire a profound sympathy yet awake a certain critical awareness. For me, such a sensation is "Rikyu grey." A long philosophical essay :
Worldwide use
Grau, mausgrau
Things found on the way
The Japan Architect, June 1979
If one is going to name a certain sensation, formulate an outline of its features, trace its history or search for the origin of that sensation, it must inspire a profound sympathy yet awake a certain critical awareness. For me, such a sensation is "Rikyu grey." The sensation of Rikyu grey represents an aesthetic of an ambivalent or multiple meaning.
Grey was generally considered a vile color conjuring up images of rats or ashes and had never been popular. But when it became known as Rikyu grey, it was better appreciated; in the latter part of the Edo period (_PHONE_) it gained tremendous popularity, along with brown and indigo (navy) blue, at the embodiment of the aesthetic ideal of iki. Iki in this period is a complex concept but may be simply described as "richness in sobriety."
As the cult of tea spread beyond the upper classes to be practiced in the homes of ordinary people, so did the taste for this grey color. People took pleasure in naming all manner of colors containing the element of charcoal grey such as Fukagawa grey, silver grey, indigo grey, reddish grey, lavender grey, grape grey, brown grey, dove grey and lentil grey. When various colors are mixed until no trace of any specific color remains, it is called simply "grey." All these colors have chromas of very low intensity and their subtle differences of tone had great appeal in that period. This taste in colors prevailed throughout Edo culture from the Genroku period beginning in 1688 and continuing throughout the eighteenth century.
Read about this color and Japanese Architecture
Rikyu gray, Rikyu nezu
Gray which the green of powdered green tea.
It continues drizzling. at the rocky shore of Jogashima.
---The rain of Rikyu gray.
Is the rain pearls, or fog of dawn, or my subdued sobbing.
A ship sails around the tip of a Toriya
--- Your ship which hoisted its wet sail.
I row a ship.
I pull an oar to a song.
The song is the captain's spirit.
It continues drizzling.
The sun hides in thin clouds.
The ship sails. The sail dims.
Japanese Color Names
............ List with color samples
cherry-grey, sakura nezumi 桜鼠（さくらねずみ）
plum-grey, ume nezumi 梅鼠（うめねずみ）
willow green grey, yanagi nezumi 柳鼠（やなぎねずみ）
harbour grey, minato nezumi 湊鼠（みなとねずみ）
...........fukagawa nezumi 深川鼠 （ふかがわねずみ）
indigo grey, ai nezumi 藍鼠（あいねずみ）
wisteria grey, fuji nezumi 藤鼠（ふじねずみ）
dove feather grey, hatoba nezumi 鳩羽鼠（はとばねずみ）
grape grey, budoo nezumi 葡萄鼠（ぶどうねず ・えびねずみ）
red faded grey, beni keshi nezumi 紅消鼠（べにけしねずみ）
white grey, shiro nezumi 白鼠（しろねずみ）
bea8a7.. silver grey, gin nezumi 銀鼠（ぎんねずみ）
7b6d5b.. plain grey, sunezumi 素鼠（すねずみ）
513d39.. faded grey, dobunezumi 丼鼠・溝鼠（どぶねずみ）
and many many more colors:
e1642f.. 江戸茶（えどちゃ）looks more of a red shade
Edo Green, Edo Tea Color, edocha 江戸茶（えどちゃ）
a shade of grey
on my cherry blossoms -
. Gabi Greve, Introducing Shades of Gray.
03 shades of gray
sudden rain -
my world reduced to
shades of gray
The gray of this background is called Genji Nezumi Mouse Gray
More of my Info and Haiku about GRAY!
kitsunebi ya Rikyu ne no ame ga furu
fox fire -
the rain falls so gray,
Rikyu gray
(Tr. Gabi Greve)
Gendai Haiku Kyokai
Hakone yama


Sneha Girap (Editor)
Jahangir Mamatov
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Name Jahangir Mamatov
Role Author
Books Tajik-English dictionary
Jahangir Mamatov jahonfileswordpresscom200710jahangirmamatovjpg
Jahangir Mamatov (Джахангир Маматов) is a linguist, lexicographer, author, journalist, and a political analyst of Central Asian issues. He is a former member of the Uzbek Parliament and a co-author of Uzbekistan's Declaration of Independence. His writings, tenure in parliament, and other political activities were often greatly at odds with the Uzbek government. He was arrested but escaped into exile for many years. In 2005 he was instrumental in forming the democratic opposition group Congress of Democratic Uzbekistan (CDU) and became its first chairman. His writings are still banned in Uzbekistan.
Jahangir Mamatov Jahangir Mamatov TURONZAMIN
During the Soviet era
Mamatov was born on September 1, 1955, in Samarqand Region, married in 1980, and has four children. He was educated in Samarqand and at the Department of Journalism of Tashkent State University from 1973–1979, where he did research in journalism and linguistics until 1981. He began his journalism career with the Toshkent Haqiqati newspaper in 1973, moving the next year to the newspaper Qishloq Haqiqati, where he stayed until 1979.
From _PHONE_, Mamatov was an editor at the State TV-Radio Company. He then worked for the Lenin Yoli newspaper in Samarqand Province from _PHONE_.
From 1985–1990 he was a correspondent for O'zbekiston Ovozi in Samarqand Province and Qishloq Haqiqati, where he had worked from _PHONE_. He also became a columnist for the satirical magazine Mushtum. During these years more than a thousand of his satirical, critical, and political analysis articles were published. Some of his articles were collected in the books Youth, Pure Dawn, and 525 Days that Shook Samarkand.
In 1990, at the age of 35, Mamatov received the title "Honored Journalist of Uzbekistan". In the same year he was elected from the Jomboy electoral district to the Uzbek Supreme Soviet (parliament), serving as a high-ranking official on its Glasnost Committee until 1993. During this period, he wrote the book Press Law and founded the newspaper Xalq So'zi, the main publication of the Uzbek Parliament.
Uzbek independence
On June 20, 1990, the Supreme Soviet issued Uzbekistan's Declaration of Independence. Mamatov was one of the authors of this historic document.
Mamatov organized a parliamentary commission to investigate violent incidents in Bekobod, Boka, Parkent and concluded that they were masterminded by the Uzbek government. He showed evidence that the KGB was behind terrorist acts among the ethnic Uzbeks and Meskhetian Turks in the Parkent district of Tashkent Province. His public conclusions and accusations angered the Uzbek government, which followed and harassed him. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan accused Mamatov of criticizing the Chairman of the Party, Islam Karimov. The chief justice of the Supreme Court, on his own TV program, asked the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet for permission to arrest Mamatov, but the attempt was rejected for lack of parliamentary support.
On August 17, 1991, to protest the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt in Moscow opposing Mikhail Gorbachev's reform program and the new union treaty for decentralizing Soviet power and returning it to the republics, Mamatov joined some of his colleagues in a demonstration in front of the Parliament building and publicly burned his Communist Party membership certificate. He later stood for election as chairman of the Uzbek Journalists Association and claimed that the government falsified the election results.
President Islam Karimov and his allies in parliament shut down the Glasnost Committee, but once Mamatov resigned, the committee was re-instated.
In 1991, in the seventh session of the Uzbek Parliament, Mamatov and some of his fellow deputies put forward measures in Parliament to limit Karimov's attempts to become an absolute dictator. Under pressure from democratic deputies, the Uzbek government had to permit the organization of a committee to regulate relations between the president of Uzbekistan and the parliament. Mamatov became the Presidential Advisor for Parliamentary Relations in that committee and was subsequently appointed as a Chief of Uzbek State Television-Deputy of the State Radio and Television Committee.
In opposition
As a result of the Karimov administration's attacks on human rights and democracy, including the bloody events in Tashkent City's Student Town, in 1992 Mamatov felt compelled to resign his position in protest. Before his resignation, Mamatov declared that dictatorship was reigning in Uzbekistan. It was the first time a high government official openly declared that his resignation was a sign of protest against Karimov.
In parliament, Mamatov continued to lead a group of opposition representatives who strongly and openly criticized the emerging dictatorship under Karimov's rule and persisted in fighting for democracy. Mamatov quickly emerged as a leader among the most prominent critics of Karimov regime's state policy. He was one of the organizers of the March 28, 1992, Uzbek Democratic Coalition Forum, which took place at the Erk/Liberty Democratic Party headquarters.
After that, Mamatov led the non-governmental organization Turon, a language research organization. Even though only the Supreme Court of Uzbekistan had the power to shut down Turon, the Ministry of Justice, violating the law, abolished Turon and confiscated all its papers, assets, and other possessions.
On February 7, 1993, the Uzbek government banned Erk (Liberty), the newspaper affiliated with the Erk/Liberty Democratic Party, the main party of the democratic political opposition. At that time, Mamatov was a chief editor of the paper as well as deputy chairman of the party. On February 13, Uzbek police forcibly evicted Mamatov and his family from their house in Tashkent. The government seized the house, forcing Mamatov to move to his hometown, Samarqand City. He was charged with criticizing President Karimov while in parliament for his dictatorial behavior. On April 17, the Uzbek authorities arrested Mamatov in Samarqand.
He later wrote the book Palace Games about Karimov's actions. Even though the government confiscated the manuscript, the samizdat became very popular. In 1994 the Erk/Liberty Democratic Party serialized the book in Erk.
In exile
With the help of supporters Mamatov was able to escape Uzbekistan. His wife, the mother of four children, was pressured to divorce him but refused to do so. She was convicted and sentenced to two years in prison.
After securing his family's release and emigration from Uzbekistan, Mamatov moved to Turkey. From 1994–1998 he worked at Koç University in Istanbul, as a correspondent of the BBC Uzbek Service, and as a columnist for the newspaper Turkiye. While living abroad he wrote his book Quvg'in (Exile, a trilogy), which was critical of Uzbekistan's tyrannical regime.
The Uzbek government sent secret agents three times to kill Mamatov, which led to his being granted political asylum in the United States through the United Nations in February 1998.
Mamatov resumed his career as a journalist in the VOA Uzbek Service, USA from _PHONE_. Due to his critical reports the Uzbek government ordered the arrest of his relatives, including his sisters. With pressure from the U.S. Congress, U.S. government, and international human rights organizations, Mamatov's relatives were released.
In 2005 Mamatov brought together leaders of the Uzbek democratic opposition, which had been unable to effectively coordinate activities over the previous 15 years. A Congress of Democratic Uzbekistan (CDU), open to all opposition groups and individuals, convened on September 25, 2005. Mamatov served as its chairman until 2011.
Mamatov also taught Uzbek in language schools and since 2001 has been working as a senior linguist at the Language Research Center (LRC).
Jahangir Mamatov is the author of nearly 40 books. Many of his books were published in the United States, Turkey, and Azerbaijan, yet his books are strictly forbidden in Uzbekistan. He is the author of six linguistic books which were all published in the United States.
He has been publishing his personal website,, and the CDU website,, since 2001.
Jahangir Mamatov Wikipedia


equation is:
and therefore the equation for ȧkλ may be written:
It can be shown that in the radiation reaction field, if the mass m is regarded as the "observed" mass then we can take:
The total field acting on the dipole has two parts, E0(t) and ERR(t). E0(t) is the free or zero-point field acting on the dipole. It is the homogeneous solution of the Maxwell equation for the field acting on the dipole, i.e., the solution, at the position of the dipole, of the wave equation
satisfied by the field in the (source free) vacuum. For this reason E0(t) is often referred to as the "vacuum field", although it is of course a Heisenberg-picture operator acting on whatever state of the field happens to be appropriate at t = 0. ERR(t) is the source field, the field generated by the dipole and acting on the dipole.
Using the above equation for ERR(t) we obtain an equation for the Heisenberg-picture operator that is formally the same as the classical equation for a linear dipole oscillator:
where τ = 2e2/3mc3. in this instance we have considered a dipole in the vacuum, without any "external" field acting on it. the role of the external field in the above equation is played by the vacuum electric field acting on the dipole.
Classically, a dipole in the vacuum is not acted upon by any "external" field: if there are no sources other than the dipole itself, then the only field acting on the dipole is its own radiation reaction field. In quantum theory however there is always an "external" field, namely the source-free or vacuum field E0(t).
According to our earlier equation for akλ(t) the free field is the only field in existence at t = 0 as the time at which the interaction between the dipole and the field is "switched on". The state vector of the dipole-field system at t = 0 is therefore of the form
where |vac⟩ is the vacuum state of the field and |ψD is the initial state of the dipole oscillator. The expectation value of the free field is therefore at all times equal to zero:
since akλ(0)|vac⟩ = 0. however, the energy density associated with the free field is infinite:
The important point of this is that the zero-point field energy HF does not affect the Heisenberg equation for akλ since it is a c-number or constant (i.e. an ordinary number rather than an operator) and commutes with akλ. We can therefore drop the zero-point field energy from the Hamiltonian, as is usually done. But the zero-point field re-emerges as the homogeneous solution for the field equation. A charged particle in the vacuum will therefore always see a zero-point field of infinite density. This is the origin of one of the infinities of quantum electrodynamics, and it cannot be eliminated by the trivial expedient dropping of the term kλ ħωk/2 in the field Hamiltonian.
The free field is in fact necessary for the formal consistency of the theory. In particular, it is necessary for the preservation of the commutation relations, which is required by the unitary of time evolution in quantum theory:
We can calculate [z(t),pz(t)] from the formal solution of the operator equation of motion
Using the fact that
and that equal-time particle and field operators commute, we obtain:
For the dipole oscillator under consideration it can be assumed that the radiative damping rate is small compared with the natural oscillation frequency, i.e., τω0 ≪ 1. Then the integrand above is sharply peaked at ω = ω0 and:
the necessity of the vacuum field can also be appreciated by making the small damping approximation in
Without the free field E0(t) in this equation the operator x(t) would be exponentially dampened, and commutators like [z(t),pz(t)] would approach zero for t1/τω2
. With the vacuum field included, however, the commutator is at all times, as required by unitarity, and as we have just shown. A similar result is easily worked out for the case of a free particle instead of a dipole oscillator.[98]
What we have here is an example of a "fluctuation-dissipation elation". Generally speaking if a system is coupled to a bath that can take energy from the system in an effectively irreversible way, then the bath must also cause fluctuations. The fluctuations and the dissipation go hand in hand we cannot have one without the other. In the current example the coupling of a dipole oscillator to the electromagnetic field has a dissipative component, in the form of the zero-point (vacuum) field; given the existence of radiation reaction, the vacuum field must also exist in order to preserve the canonical commutation rule and all it entails.
The spectral density of the vacuum field is fixed by the form of the radiation reaction field, or vice versa: because the radiation reaction field varies with the third derivative of x, the spectral energy density of the vacuum field must be proportional to the third power of ω in order for [z(t),pz(t)] to hold. In the case of a dissipative force proportional to, by contrast, the fluctuation force must be proportional to in order to maintain the canonical commutation relation.[99] This relation between the form of the dissipation and the spectral density of the fluctuation is the essence of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.[74]
The fact that the canonical commutation relation for a harmonic oscillator coupled to the vacuum field is preserved implies that the zero-point energy of the oscillator is preserved. it is easy to show that after a few damping times the zero-point motion of the oscillator is in fact sustained by the driving zero-point field.[100]
The quantum chromodynamic vacuum[edit]
Main article: QCD vacuum
The QCD vacuum is the vacuum state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It is an example of a non-perturbative vacuum state, characterized by a non-vanishing condensates such as the gluon condensate and the quark condensate in the complete theory which includes quarks. The presence of these condensates characterizes the confined phase of quark matter. In technical terms, gluons are vector gauge bosons that mediate strong interactions of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Gluons themselves carry the color charge of the strong interaction. This is unlike the photon, which mediates the electromagnetic interaction but lacks an electric charge. Gluons therefore participate in the strong interaction in addition to mediating it, making QCD significantly harder to analyze than QED (quantum electrodynamics) as it deals with nonlinear equations to characterize such interactions.
The Higgs field[edit]
Main article: Higgs mechanism
The potential for the Higgs field, plotted as function of ϕ0 and ϕ3. It has a Mexican-hat or champagne-bottle profile at the ground.
The Standard Model hypothesises a field called the Higgs field (symbol: ϕ), which has the unusual property of a non-zero amplitude in its ground state (zero-point) energy after renormalization; i.e., a non-zero vacuum expectation value. It can have this effect because of its unusual "Mexican hat" shaped potential whose lowest "point" is not at its "centre". Below a certain extremely high energy level the existence of this non-zero vacuum expectation spontaneously breaks electroweak gauge symmetry which in turn gives rise to the Higgs mechanism and triggers the acquisition of mass by those particles interacting with the field. The Higgs mechanism occurs whenever a charged field has a vacuum expectation value. This effect occurs because scalar field components of the Higgs field are "absorbed" by the massive bosons as degrees of freedom, and couple to the fermions via Yukawa coupling, thereby producing the expected mass terms. The expectation value of ϕ0 in the ground state (the vacuum expectation value or VEV) is then ϕ0⟩ = v/2, where v = | μ |/λ. The measured value of this parameter is approximately 246 GeV/c2.[101] It has units of mass, and is the only free parameter of the Standard Model that is not a dimensionless number.
The Higgs mechanism is a type of superconductivity which occurs in the vacuum. It occurs when all of space is filled with a sea of particles which are charged and thus the field has a nonzero vacuum expectation value. Interaction with the vacuum energy filling the space prevents certain forces from propagating over long distances (as it does in a superconducting medium; e.g., in the Ginzburg–Landau theory).
Experimental observations[edit]
Zero-point energy has many observed physical consequences.[3] It is important to note that zero-point energy is not merely an artefact of mathematical formalism that can, for instance, be dropped from a Hamiltonian by redefining the zero of energy, or by arguing that it is a constant and therefore has no effect on Heisenberg equations of motion without latter consequence.[102] Indeed, such treatment could create a problem at a deeper, as of yet undiscovered, theory.[103] For instance, in general relativity the zero of energy (i.e. the energy density of the vacuum) contributes to a cosmological constant of the type introduced by Einstein in order to obtain static solutions to his field equations.[104] The zero-point energy density of the vacuum, due to all quantum fields, is extremely large, even when we cut off the largest


down a higher degree of sub capacity.
 - Check your outline.
Non-Functional Requirements
Nonfunctional requirements describe how a system should operate and establish standards for its utility. The framework's quality credits are another name for this type of criterion.
Let's take a quick look at some common nonfunctional requirements.
 - User-friendliness
The ease of use of a framework determines how difficult it will be for a client to understand and use it. Ease of use is one of the most important factors to consider.
Utilization proficiency: the typical duration it requires to meet a project's goals, the frequency of activities a consumer can complete without assistance, the number of transactions completed without faults, etc.
Instinct: the ui, captures, headlines, and so forth are all very simple to understand.
Lower perceived accountability: clients demand a large number of tasks to be completed.
 - Security
Security standards assure that the product is protected against non-authorized accessibility to the system and stored info. It considers various heights of approval and validation for diverse customer jobs. Information protection, for example, is a security trademark that denotes who has the ability to create, see, replicate, alter, or wipe data. In addition to security, insurance against malware and infections assaults.
 - Unwavering quality
Unwavering quality refers to the likelihood that a product will perform as expected for a specified timespan. Because of defects in the code, equipment fails, or issues with other framework components, dependability suffers. You can count the number of activities that are completed successfully or record the typical timescale the system runs before it fizzles to quantify programming steady quality.
 - Execution
Execution is a quality feature that describes the framework's response to various client collaborations. A bad performance leads to a bad client experience. It also jeopardizes the health of the structure when it is overburdened.
 - Accessibility
The framework's usability and operations are accessible for utilization with all tasks within the timeframe that accessibility is evaluated. As a result, scheduled upkeep times have a direct impact on this limit. Furthermore, it's critical to elaborate how upkeep's affect might be lowered. When drafting the accessibility requirements, the group should identify the most fundamental components of the framework that definitely be accessible at all times. You should also plan client alerts in the event that the framework or one of its components becomes inoperable.
Model: A new module arrangement should not affect the accessibility of the first webpage, product webpages, or glance at pages, and should take no more than 1 hour. The remaining webpages that might encounter troubles should display a alert dialog box with a clock indicating when the platform will be up and running again.
 - Adaptability
Adaptability requirements describe how the framework should evolve without compromising its display. This entails serving more customers, preparing more data, and completing more transactions. There are ideas for both equipment and programming in Versatility. You can increase adaptability by adding storage, workforce, or platter space, for example. On the other side, you could pack data, apply improved calculations, and so on.
Milestones and Timeline
The project must be divided into stages that are doable. The conclusion of one stage and the start of the next is a development milestone that helps to track the project's performance and see how near it is to meeting the deadline. Kickoffs, gatherings, and review sessions are all examples of milestones.
This is where individuals will set the timeline for the project's stages and milestones. In other sense, managers utilize a timeline to determine how long the overall project and each of its stages will take. Just keep in mind that the timeframe you provide might end up appearing slightly distinct in the end, particularly if a reputable solution provider offers some changes based on previous experiences with comparable projects.
Spreadsheet - for quick and simple estimations and planning
Estimating costs, schedules and resources with a spreadsheet have great advantage such as;
 - Probably a norm in the business.
 - The entrance hurdle is low.
 - Easily adjustable and flexible.
 - Data is simple to evaluate, display, and swing (for a project atleast).
 - It is simple to duplicate and share.
User Story Mapping - for incremental releases across features
User story map is a way for creating agile products. Among the most effective approaches to develop a user-centered products is to utilize user narrative mapping. Addressing the issue and the user's objectives is usually the first step in the product development process. Gather all of the actions that the consumer needs to accomplish her or his objectives. To effortlessly view all user activities, follow the consumer story's organic, storytelling flow. Multiple users stories exist when a task can be accomplished in a variety of ways.
You may construct a clear, graphical backlog which everyone recognizes by grouping specific objectives, tasks, and user stories. This is referred to as a user story mapping.
5 Steps How Created User Story Mapping
STEP 1: Determine the project's objectives.
The initial stage is to concentrate on your prospective clients. Compile a list of the goals that users attain as a result of utilizing the product. Each goal should be written on an index card or posted, and they should be arranged in a logical sequence.
STEP 2: Create a journey map.
Narrate the user's story after you've gathered the objectives. Determine the steps taken by the user to achieve her or his goal. Avoid making blunders by adhering to the story's rhythm. Step by step, put the post-its in the next line. If you find any missing steps, simply add them to the journey. Post-it cards are a good way to create short papers, but online narrative mapping is even better.
STEP 3: Formulate solutions.
The next step is to come up with ways to accomplish the user's goals. "User stories" are created as a result of this procedure.
STEP 4: Arrange tasks in order of importance.
The narrative map ought to be full with exciting opportunities if the brainstorm group is effective! User stories are prioritized in different ways. Determine the most prevalent behaviour or the problem's simplest answer. Arrange user tales in order of importance, with the most significant card at the head of the column It's critical to speak about goals with the user.
STEP 5: Slice out the delivery structure.
To start with, determine the littlest working piece of the item, the Minimum Viable Product. It's in every case hard to pick the least undertakings for an attractive item.
Attempt to finish the client venture by starting with the most well-known or generally simple to-foster assignments. Simply center around finishing at any rate one client venture. From that point forward, attempt to put together the remainder of the build-up into substantial pieces by defining even boundaries between cards.
On the off chance that you add assessments to client stories, you can plan and timetable the entire advancement measure discharge by discharge. This is perhaps the main snippets of data, so your client or leader needs to figure conveyance time and expenses.
On the off chance that you are running a significant drive, you use reports to communicate how well your venture or program is doing.
Assuming you are confronting difficulties, hazards, issues, you use answering to draw this out into the open – so you can get the assistance you need.
On the off chance that your group are working effectively, your reports will mirror this – and get you and the group the prizes you merit.
Furthermore, similar to I referenced before, you likewise need reports to deal with your group/project better. Reports assist you with checking your group's advancement against objectives.
Your controllers, examiners, senior administration – every one of them search for reports to comprehend progress against objectives and targets.
Sprint Burndown
The burndown provides the simplest approach to monitor and update status (the classic Red/Amber/Green), i.e., if the Sprint is on tracked or off track, and what your prospects are of achieving the Sprint objectives. When utilized correctly, the burndown graph can give fairly close alerts on progress of Sprint.
The Scrum team performs Sprint Planning at the start of each Sprint and agrees to embark on software development valued a particular amount of Story points. The Sprint Burndown plot is built on this foundation.
The y-axis represents the overall narrative points consented upon at the start of the sprint, while the x-axis represents the different Sprint date. If your team does it correctly, they will put in exactly the perfect number of effort during a sprint. And, assuming all works well, the burndown pattern will be as follows:
Team Capacity / Load
Scrum teams, for example, are susceptible to overestimating their capacity to execute during a new project's initial development Sprint. Alternatively, if they are a recently established group. Or if they're just getting started with Scrum. It's very likely that the team will slip behind deadline in such situations. The burndown chart aids in bringing concerns to light:
As you've seen, this specific squad need a late-race surge to catch up. This isn't unusual, and there are a variety of causes for it: the team underestimated the project's scope, or development was halted owing to technological limitations. Such patterns should, preferably, be prevented.
Earned Value
Earned Value reporting is all about determining if the money being spent on the project thus much reflects the quantity of work performed at this moment.
Below are a key factors to consider:
 - The expected cost of the project is referred to as a budget. This is normally determined at the start of the project and only revisited once or twice.
 - The percentage of the initial cost that the team has devoted so far is known as actual cost (AC).
 - The percentage of the scope of the project that was supposed to be


Customer Login Forum Online Help Open Source Deutsche Version
Licensing .NET Components
Open Source Project
Microsoft invented a special licensing scheme for 3rd party .NET component vendors. This licensing mechanism allows to sell components and protect their use.
When you place a .NET Windows Forms component onto a form, the Visual Studio IDE adds automatically a 'licenses.licx' file to your project. This file is required to license the used components during the runtime of your application. The file does not contain any license keys, but information about the used components.
If WPF is used, or the component is used in a windowless application - for example a Windows Service - you need to add the 'licenses.licx' file manually to the 'Properties' section of your solution.
This will ensure that the component is licensed correctly when distributed with your application to end-users.
licenses.licx file shown in a solution
For our product Virtual Print Engine (VPE) you can simply copy the 'licenses.licx' file from one of our sample projects, which are installed with VPE, to the directory of your application and add it to your solution.
How it Works
.NET components can be run in two different modes: a design-time mode and a runtime mode.
Design-time mode means that a component is used for software development. Runtime mode means that a component is deployed in an application that is shipped to end-users. The distributed application can use the component, but the component can not be used for software development on end-user machines.
When a 3rd party component is installed for software development by the installer of a component vendor, the installer stores somewhere on the installation machine the information that the component is licensed for software development.
If such a component is placed on a Form in Visual Studio, the IDE asks the component if it has a valid design-time license. Only if a valid design-time license is present, the IDE allows to use the component for software development.
As you build your application, the IDE invokes the License Compiler lc.exe, which in turn scans the licenses.licx file for used components. It then retrieves from each component its runtime-key and embeds it into the application.
If the application is executed, it provides the runtime license key to the component. So the component knows it is licensed, but not for software development, only for deployment.
Licensing By Code
The best way to license a component is by using a licenses.licx file, as explained above. But we experimented a bit with the inner workings of the .NET licensing mechanisms and came up with some interesting code, which we present here.
We created a very small class named 'IdealLicenseManager', which helps to license a component by code. It is available for download at the bottom of this article.
Usage of the IdealLicenseManager class with the Virtual Print Engine .NET component:
VpeControl VpeObject = new VpeControl();
IdealLicenseManager.License(VpeObject);
There is no more coding required. The IdealLicenseManager class tries to obtain the design-time license from the given component. If it can be retrieved, a key file with the name of the component + ".key" is written to disk.
IMPORTANT: This key file needs to be shipped with your application for deployment.
If the design-time license can not be retrieved from a component, the calling application is in runtime-mode and the key is automatically read by the IdealLicenseManager class from the key file and then supplied as runtime-license to the component, which completes the licensing mechanism.
The IdealLicenseManager class is designed generically, so it can be used with Virtual Print Engine as well as other components from other vendors that require licensing. But there is one caveat: It is undefined what design time key is returned by a component, if it has no valid design-time key. In regular components should throw an exception, if they are queried for their design time key and there is no valid key present. The IdealLicenseManager class handles such exceptions, but VPE does not throw an exception, because it assumes it is then in trial-version mode. Depending on the component you are using, the if-statement in line 110 - which checks the design-time key - must be changed or enhanced.
//
// Licenser.cs
// ===========
//
// This module handles the licensing of components, which are not placed on a Form.
// If a component is placed on a Form, the licensing is done by Windows Forms.
// This code tries to obtain the Design Time License from a component. If it can be retrieved,
// a key file with the name of the component + ".key" is written to disk.
// This key file needs to be shipped with your application for deployment.
//
// If the Design Time License can not be retrieved from a component, the calling application is
// in runtime-mode and the key is read from the file and afterwards supplied as runtime-license
// to the component, which completes the licensing mechanism.
//
// Example Usage:
// VpeControl VpeObject = new VpeControl();
// IdealLicenseManager.License(VpeObject);
//
// Copyright (C) 2012 IDEAL Software GmbH, Neuss, Germany. All rights reserved.
//
// _URL_
//
//
// This code may be used and distributed freely in source code and binary form, as long as the
// above copyright notice and link to _URL_ is left unchanged.
//
// USE AT YOUR OWN RISK! NO WARRANTIES!
//
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.IO;
namespace Licenser
{
 public class MyDesigntimeLicenseContext : LicenseContext
 {
 private System.Collections.Hashtable keys = new System.Collections.Hashtable();
 public MyDesigntimeLicenseContext()
 {
 }
 public override string GetSavedLicenseKey(Type type,
 System.Reflection.Assembly resourceAssembly)
 {
 return (string)keys[type];
 }
 public override void SetSavedLicenseKey(Type type, string key)
 {
 keys[type] = key;
 }
 public override LicenseUsageMode UsageMode
 {
 get
 {
 // It's a 'Designtime'LicenseContext
 return LicenseUsageMode.Designtime;
 }
 }
 }
 public class MyRuntimeLicenseContext : LicenseContext
 {
 private System.Collections.Hashtable keys = new System.Collections.Hashtable();
 public MyRuntimeLicenseContext()
 {
 }
 public override string GetSavedLicenseKey(Type type,
 System.Reflection.Assembly resourceAssembly)
 {
 return (string)keys[type];
 }
 public override void SetSavedLicenseKey(Type type, string key)
 {
 keys[type] = key;
 }
 public override LicenseUsageMode UsageMode
 {
 get
 {
 // It's a 'Runtime'LicenseContext
 return LicenseUsageMode.Runtime;
 }
 }
 }
 public class IdealLicenseManager
 {
 static IdealLicenseManager()
 {
 }
 public static void License(System.ComponentModel.Component component)
 {
 string key = GetLicense(component);
 // The following if-statement can not handle each and every case, since it is
 // left to the component designer what string is returned, if the component
 // is not in design-time mode.
 if (key != null && key != "" && key != "0000")
 {
 // we are in design time mode
 using (StreamWriter outfile = new StreamWriter(component.GetType().Name + ".key"))
 {
 outfile.WriteLine(key);
 }
 }
 else
 {
 // we are in runtime mode
 using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(component.GetType().Name + ".key"))
 {
 key = sr.ReadLine();
 }
 SetLicense(component, key);
 }
 }
 public static string GetLicense(System.ComponentModel.Component component)
 {
 // ------------- The following code must be executed on a machine, which has the
 // ------------- VPE SDK installed, so a valid design time license is available.
 // ------------- Call this method once when developing your application.
 // Get the attributes for the component.
 AttributeCollection attributes = TypeDescriptor.GetAttributes(component);
 // Get the license provider by retrieving the LicenseProviderAttribute from
 // the AttributeCollection
 LicenseProviderAttribute lpa = (LicenseProviderAttribute)attributes[typeof(
 LicenseProviderAttribute)];
 // Create an instance of the LicenseProvider used by
 // the System.ComponentModel.Component
 LicenseProvider LicenseProvider = (LicenseProvider)Activator.CreateInstance(
 lpa.LicenseProvider);
 // Retrieve the design time


text:
A theoretical model for digestive ripening
Recently, gram quantities of monodisperse gold or silver nanoparticles were reported to be produced through a digestive ripening process, in which colloidal particles of size from 2 to 40 nm are transformed to nearly monodisperse particles of 4-5 nm diameter. Digestive ripening, an example for inverse Ostwald ripening, is a puzzling phenomenon since it appears to avoid the usual capillary consequence, i.e., reduction of interfacial free energy. This paper presents a theoretical model which accounts for the self-assembled monodisperse state of such nanoparticles by considering the effect of charges, and therefore electrostatic energy, in the coarsening behavior of the particles. An appropriate Gibbs-Thomson equation is first derived, and then particle growth rates are calculated. The results show that success of a monodisperse state depends on, among other things, the initial particle distribution, and the size distribution at equilibrium follows some of the thermodynamic principles observed in binary phase diagrams of alloy systems. © 2007 Acta Materialia Inc.
A theoretical model for digestive ripening.
Retrieved from: _URL_


text:
A new collection of free and printable family of facts worksheets is available to help you evaluate your students' skill in solving fact family problems. Check out the first worksheet below!
These fact family worksheets contain simple exercises about number relations. Make your kids understand fact family easier by comparing it to how a real family works. Numbers can have different relationship with each other at different times, like people in a family. Three fact families can be situated in many different ways using addition and subtraction. More family of facts worksheets are presented in the images below.
When 3 numbers are related, a fact family is built. These 3 numbers make a set of related Math facts. Studying about fact family is important in Math. By working on the exercises in the worksheets, children can learn to determine the relationship between the numbers in a fact family. Eventually they will understand the relationship concept of each number in a family.
These fact family worksheets are made to help your children understand that numbers in a fact family are related. All pictures presented are printable and available in best quality. Print them all and make your students' skill in connecting numbers' relationship well practiced!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
|Selling price||2000 Bells|
|Name in other languages|
Donating to the museum
In New Horizons
When donating to Blathers or selecting "Tell me about this!" in New Horizons, he will provide the following information about the fossil:
"The acanthostega! Said to be one of the earliest amphibians, it existed well before dinosaurs. Because they lived as fish not long before, they still had gills and very webbed "hands.". To toss away the life they knew and venture onto unknown lands... they must have been very brave! Hmm... Does it still count as bravery if you have no understanding of what you're doing?"
The Acanthostega can be found in the first room of the fossil exhibit in the museum.
Acanthostega gunnari was an animal from the late Devonian period and is representative of the evolution of tetrapods, or land vertebrates. While not well suited for life on land, it nevertheless exhibits important evolutionary advances in that direction. Notably, its locomotion was powered by its back fins instead of its front.
More information on this topic is available at Wikipedia.
Names in other languages


text:
The industrial M-Bus is probably the most widely used data bus for monitoring and measuring heating, water, gas and electricity systems. AMiT offers an external DM-MBUS64 communication converter for connecting this bus to control systems, which can connect up to 64 slave devices. For the AMR-OP83 and AMR-OP87/V control systems, we have developed a much easier solution to connect the M-Bus using the EM-MBUS5 expansion module from the EM-xx product line.
As the name implies, the module can serve up to 5 M-Bus Slave devices in the Master function. Although the bus nominally requires a 36 VDC power supply, in this case you can make do with the 24 VDC power supply you use to power the control system itself for the M-Bus interface. This considerably simplifies the entire implementation of the bus at the measuring point and thus makes it cheaper.
By combining the AMR-OP83 operator control panel and the EM-MBUS5 communication module, you get one of the most efficient local M-Bus measuring devices. In this context, please note the software support in the DetStudio development environment and do not overlook application note AP0062 – M-Bus communication.


text:
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Updated at 8:50 am on 26 October 2011
Archaeologists have discovered the wreck of a ship that was part of a fleet sent to invade Japan by the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan, more than 700 years ago.
The wooden ship was found off the southern island of Kyushu, a metre under the seabed.
The hull, which is almost complete, and the keel are the most intact remains of a Mongol wreck found in Japanese waters.
Archaeologists say it was part of an invasion fleet carrying 140,000 Mongol soldiers in 1281.
Researchers from the University of the Ryukyus in Okinawa used ultrasonic equipment to detect the remains of the ship.
The wood on the hull was painted whitish grey and held together by nails. Bricks, weapons and other instruments were found on board.
The BBC reports the Japanese have always attributed their victory to storms that wrecked the Mongol fleets during two attempted invasions in 1274 and 1281.
They concluded that Japan was protected from invasion by a divine wind, (Kamikaze), which was invoked in World War II to inspire pilots to launch suicide attacks on allied ships.
Copyright © 2011, Radio New Zealand
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Few topics considered in NECA's on-line "Code Question of the Day" have kindled more fiery disagreement than that of this month's article. The question in a nutshell is whether, when Section 310-4 states that "conductors shall be permitted to be connected in parallel (electrically joined at both ends to form a single conductor), the expression in parenthesis is considered a definition or an explanation of the words "connected in parallel."
Question: I have installed an 18-inch x 18-inch wireway. In it I have three sets of 4-400 kcmil conductors to feed an 800-ampere disconnect switch and six sets of 4-400 kcmil conductors as a feeder from the utility company. All of the conductors pass through one cross-sectional area of the wireway. The wireway is well within Section 362-5 sizing requirements, but the inspector says the installation does not meet Section 362-5 requirements because there are more than 30 conductors in a cross-sectional area and I have not allowed for proper derating of the conductors. I believe the inspector is wrong, because Section 310-4 states that conductors run in parallel, and when electrically joined at both ends form a single conductor. I believe that the paralleled conductors are permitted to be counted as a single conductor considering Section 362-5 and that the total cross-sectional area of the paralleled conductors should be used to compute the required wireway size. What is the correct interpretation in this circumstance?
Answer: Formal interpretations of the National Electrical Code (NEC) may be obtained by following the procedures of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Informal interpretations may be obtained by writing to the NFPA. I can only give you my opinion of what the requirements mean in relation to this question.
Simply stated, the question is: "Are paralleled conductors considered as being one conductor when applying the provisions of Section 310-15(b)(2)?"
The answer in my opinion is yes. I have never seen an interpretation, either formal or informal, relating to this situation. You make an excellent point here. Section 310-4 recognizes that paralleled conductors, properly joined at both ends, do form a single conductor. Crowding of conductors and heat dissipation should not be problems since the 20 percent fill requirement is met. The only disadvantage to your suggestion is the accessibility of the conductors for making taps and the ease of replacement or addition of conductors in the wireway. It is going to be pretty hard to look at 36 conductors in a wireway and convince the inspector that there are actually only nine.
Follow-up question No. 1: I have some concerns with your response to the question concerning derating of paralleled conductors. If you assume the paralleled conductors form a single conductor, then by using 90-degree conductors as permitted in Section 110-14(c) for ampacity adjustment or correction and using Table 310-15(b)(2), the six sets of 400 kcmil conductors would be 1,596 amperes. This calculation is 380 amperes x 6 = 2280 x.70 = 1596A. The three sets of 400 kcmil conductors would be calculated 380 amperes x 3 = 1140 x.70 = 798A. The 800A disconnect would be sized correctly according to Section 240-3(b). I tend to disagree with the assumption that paralleled conductors form a single conductor because of the last sentence in Section 310-4, which states, "Conductors in parallel shall comply with the provisions of Table 310-15(b)(2)(a)."
Answer: Your calculations appear to be correct until you derate to 70 percent. Based on the assumption that the paralleled conductors form one conductor, we have seven current-carrying conductors that, according to Table 310-15(b)(2)(a), would require derating to 70 percent based on the last sentence of Section 310-4. But then what about Section 362-5, which does not require derating when the wireway fill is limited to 30 conductors or less?
I agree that the last sentence of 310-4 requires that paralleled conductors shall comply with the provisions of 310-15(b)(2)(a). I also agree that 310-4 defines paralleled conductors as forming one conductor. What should we do, choose sides?
Follow-up question No. 2: May we please get a correction on your answer about derating paralleled conductors in a wireway? You are not right in your interpretation and you are not reading what the Code says in both Sections 310-4 and 362-5. Section 362-5 clearly shows derating is required if you do not limit the number of conductors to 30. Even though Section 310-4 says that conductors in parallel can be considered as one conductor, the last sentence in Section 310-4 plainly says that conductors in parallel shall comply with the derating rules in Section 310-15(b)(2)(a). The 20 percent fill rate does not apply when you exceed 30 conductors; the same is true in a raceway. If you had 10 No. 12 current-carrying conductors in a 1-inch raceway, you would derate to 50 percent. The same would be true if the 10 No. 12 conductors were in a 6-inch conduit. The heat would fill the space and destroy the insulation if you did not derate in both cases.
Answer: And you think I need a course in remedial reading? Maybe I do because I do not understand your statement that "the 20 percent fill rate does not apply when you exceed 30 conductors." I get the distinct impression from reading Section 362-5 that, "The sum of the cross-sectional areas of all contained conductors at any cross-section of the wireway shall not exceed 20 percent of the interior cross-sectional area of the wireway."
The only exception to this would be as shown in Exception No. 3 for elevators and dumb-waiters. I also believe you had better "rethink" your statement about 10 No. 12 conductors in a 6-inch conduit generating enough heat to melt the insulation if you do not derate to 50 percent. The requirements in Section 310-15(b)(2)(a) would require such derating, but only because Table 310-15(b)(2)(a) is based on realistic standards of installation. However, we have gone off on a tangent. The question is whether or not paralleled conductors, electrically joined at both ends to form a single conductor, must be counted as multiple conductors for derating purposes.
Would two or more conductors, each carrying an equal division of the load, create and contain more heat than a single, properly sized conductor carrying the total load? It's a rather interesting concept, I think.
Conclusion: Section 310-4 states that "parallel conductors form a single conductor." Does it mean having the "form" of a single conductor, or does it really mean "function" as a single conductor?
TROUT is a technical consultant for Maron Electric Company of Chicago, and represents NECA as chairman of the National Electrical Code-making panel 12. He is also the principal author of ECMAG.com's online feature, "Code Question of the Day."


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Across Australia, farmers and rural communities are seeking ways to salvage ailing land and struggling communities. Many farms are too small to be economically viable and region's environmental issues cannot usually be resolved within a single farm's boundaries.
This book suggests a potential solution, a possible means of achieving better land care, more sustainable and profitable production, and greater community. It argues that common property resource systems, where neighbouring landowners make decisions together to manage their land as a common region, should be set up, and shows how this can be done.
The authors, a scientist and specialist property lawyers, explain how the old idea of "commons" works and how it fits into modern Australian real property law. They recount the experience of four grazing families in the New England Tablelands who got together to form Tilbusters Commons on their adjoining properties. They finish with two chapters discussing the major legal issues, particularly business structures and leases, and including precedents.


text: Residual Fuel Oil Definition:A general classification for the heavier oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils, that remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM Specifications D 396 and D 975and Federal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity, is also known as Navy Special and is defined in Military Specification MIL-F-859E, including Amendment 2 (NATO SymbolF-770). It is used in steam-powered vessels in government service and inshore powerplants. No. 6 fuel oil includes Bunker C fuel oil and issued for the production of electric power, space heating, vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes.


Create a dashboard with Google Sheets
Learn how to create a free dashboard with Google Sheets
Zero can import data from any source can build charts, tables & forms with it. In this blog post we will see how to import data from a Google Sheet into Zero. We will be using Zero's free plan so you can reproduce everything for free.
In this example we are going to see 3 different use cases, from that you can go on and build something which fits your use case exactly.
To start create a free account at and login. Once you have an account create a new board and open it.
Example 1: Dynamic data from Google Finance
This is an example of how we use Google Finance to create a board with the market cap of a few companies:
Create a spreadsheet with the following format:
CompanyMarket Cap
You can of course add as many companies as you want and use any type of metric other than market cap.
This is the spreadsheet we will use in this example:
We will use Zero's free Google Sheet to JSON Converter API to fetch the data. Make sure that your spreadsheet is public.
Let's create a new chart block:
Inside your Zero board click on new chart
In the script section paste the following code:
// Replace your URL below
const spreadsheet_url = ""
const {data} = await api.get("", {params:{format:3, url:spreadsheet_url}})
return data
Since we want the companies to be in the X Axis we will add Company in the X Axis input. As chart type we select Bar.
This will produce a chart like the one below:
Below that we want a table with the values. So once we saved this block we can click on new table and paste the exact code from above. This will display a nice table.
The two blocks with a small gap between them. On the first block (the chart) click on the top right three dotted icon and then click on Remove Gap. This will remove the gap below and nicely link the two blocks.
That's it!
Now you have a beautiful dashboard which works great on mobile with data fetched directly from Google Finance!
Example 2. Data from Facebook Lead Ads
If you run facebook lead ads you might want to have a dashboards where you see new leads. Let's build that with a little help from Zapier.
Signup to Zapier and use this automation - Once setup your lead will go directly to your Google Sheets.
From there you can follow the example above and do almost anything. These are a few examples:
With a spreadsheet like this:
LeadProcessedDate Added
 1. Display a table with a form to process leads: You could display a table with every lead and in the edit row script send data back to your backend once the lead has been processed.
 const lead =
 const processed =
 if (!["TRUE", "FALSE"].includes(processed)){
 throw new Error ("Processed must be TRUE or FALSE")
 // await // Post your data to your backend
 return '${lead} processed:${processed}'
 2. Group the leads date and create a chart with the total number of leads in one day.
 Something like this:
 const spreadsheet_url = ""
 const temp = []
 data.forEach(lead => {
 const date = lead['Date Added']
 existing_index = temp.findIndex(l => === date)
 if (existing_index > -1) {
 new_value = temp[existing_index].value += 1
 temp[existing_index] = {date:date, value:new_value}
 } else {
 temp.push({date:date, value:1})
 return temp
With Zero you can build any sort of interactive dashboards directly from Google Sheets. It's free to use.
Sign up today
Need Help?
Have a look at the docs or the examples above
Chat with us or leave a message below


Yellow-Necked Mouse
Yellow Necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis
Yellow-necked mice are a more uncommon species and you may not be familiar with them. They have a nice temperament, although they are wild and do not make good pets.
They have a distinctive yellow patch of fur on their collars which gives them their name. You you think you have some on land near you, you should be able to identify them if you look carefully enough.
Let's take a look at how they live, survive, what they eat, and their other behaviours and habits.
Yellow Necked Mice Description
Yellow-necked mice are typically between 9-13 centimeters from their nose to their tails. With their tails also being between 9-13 centimeters in length.
They weigh around 20-30 grams fully grown. Making them bigger than your standard house mice, and distinctly different looking so you're not going to mistaken for one if you see one.
The top of their bodies have dark brown fur, and their underbellies have orange flanks. Their name yellow-neck comes from the yellow collar marking's they have. Their large eyes, long tails and large ears are other distinguishable characteristics.
Their scientific name is apodemus flavicollis.
Yellow-Necked Mice Habitat
The interesting thing about yellow-necked mice is that they stay very close to where they live. Usually not going outside of half a hectare. They will nest somewhere they have a food source and shelter.
They can live happily overlapping with other mice and their living areas. They can fight to defend territory, but they are largely placid and mild tempered.
They prefer woodlands and nature spots with lots of nature activity. Choosing to nest under ground level around stumps of trees and large hedges. They collect dry leaves, moss and grass to build up their nesting area.
Yellow-Necked Mice Behaviour
Yellow-necked mice do not hibernate like other mice, they are active all year round. During the winter it's not uncommon to find a group of them nesting together to stay warm in their nests.
They are incredibly competent climbers and can jump from tree branches and bushes with ease. Their burrows often become long and complex in construction over time, and they use different areas to keep food and sleep.
They will bring nesting materials into their burrows and make areas more comfortable. They are busy and interesting rodents to watch going about their business. Very good at finding food and storing it up.
They are nocturnal creatures and can see really well at night. To see these mice in their natural habitat is difficult and rare. You would have to go out of your way to catch them.
What Do Yellow-Necked Mice Eat
They eat mostly seeds, fruit, insects like spiders, larvae and other scraps in the wild. They are omnivores, so they will and can eat just about anything they come across.
They store their food in burrows they have made underground and can stockpile enough to cover winter months. Their diets are very similar to that of a wood mouse.
Yellow-Necked Mice Breeding
The breeding cycle for yellow-necked mice is February to October. With their peak breeding months are July and August. A female will typically have 2-3 litters, each with 3-10 young each year.
Gestation period lasts for 23 days. After three weeks the offspring are finished weaning and start becoming active. That distinctive yellow collar on their neck becomes visible after around two weeks just as they are opening their eyes.
Yellow-Necked Mouse Life Expectancy
Their life expectancy is between 2-3 years. It's hard to put an accurate number on their lifespan because they are at risk of so many predators in the wild. Foxes, owls, and weasels are among their main predators.
The yellow-necked mouse is good at evading predators with their agility, speed, and their tail skin is also detachable. If they are stressed or their tails are being held tight they can shed the skin to escape.
They also find harsh winters hard to survive, especially if they are a couple of years old. They need warmth and will huddle together with other mice to try and preserve some heat.
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The Formula language is a scripting language used by Lotus Notes. It is often referred to as _USER_ language (pronounced at-formula) because many language elements start with the @-character. Here is an example of a selection formula:
SELECT _USER_ = "NT0050D26"
It was created by Ray Ozzie during the early development of Lotus Notes. He borrowed the compiler and decompiler from the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, but unlike the spreadsheet language Formula Language was designed primarily for string and list processing, not numerical processing. It was originally a Functional programming language with unique text list-handling features inspired by Ray Ozzie's prior use of Icon and Lisp.
The Formula language has two parts:
- _USER_ for calculations and simple logic
- _USER_ for performing actions in the user interface
_USER_ can be used in several places throughout Lotus Notes. The most important uses are:
- to select documents to show to the user in a view (a kind of index) or to select documents for further processing. In this case, the formula will evaluate to a 'true' (selected) or 'false' value (not selected) for each document.
- to provide default values for fields, to transform the data entered by the user (like stripping off redundant spaces) and to validate this data.
- to get a list of values from a Notes database or even from a relational database (using ODBC). This may be used to provide a user with a list of values to choose from.
- to process a set of documents. The formula is placed in an agent, a program or macro that can be started by a user or by the Notes server according to a schedule. When the agent is triggered, the formula executes for each selected document (this a very limited form of a loop). This is an efficient way of changing lots of documents, if the logic is not too complicated. In case of complicated changes, LotusScript is used.
_USER_ are like menu commands: they perform actions in the Lotus Notes client. Examples of actions are:
- opening a Notes database
- creating an e-mail
- putting the cursor in a specific data-entry field
- closing a window
- starting an agent
_USER_ are primarily used in formulas that are triggered by user action, such as in button formulas. It is possible to combine them with _USER_, for example by making execution of an _USER_ conditional on a field value.
- Damien Katz (January 4, 2005). "Formula Engine Rewrite". Personal blog. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
- "Enhancements to the formula language in Domino 6". IBM. November 4, 2002. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2016.


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Foods, Nutrients and Calories
Gravels, Substances and Oils
CaribSea, Freshwater, Eco-Complete Cichlid, Gravel weighs 1 153.33 kg/m³ (72.00004 lb/ft³) with specific gravity of 1.15333 relative to pure water. Calculate how much of this gravel is required to attain a specific depth in a cylindrical, quarter cylindrical or in a rectangular shaped aquarium or pond [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price ]
Weights and Measurements
Electric current is a motion of electrically charged particles within conductors or space.


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"[i]n some Wiccan traditions, the reversed pentagram is a symbol of "second degree" status – one who has been elevated from "initiate"." This is in reference to the initiation rites used in most Wiccan traditions.
Vivianne Crowley, pagan author of Wicca: The Old Religion in the New Millennium, explains:
The symbol of the second degree is the downward-pointing Pentagram, a symbol associated with the Christian Devil. This is not however the symbol of the Christians' 'Evil One,' but the symbol of the Horned God, the Dark Lord of Death.
Why is the pentagram reversed? The pentagram with its five sides is a very important symbol in Wicca. In terms of spiritual growth, the pentagram is symbolic of the four functions of the personality, together with the fifth or transcendent function, the Self. The five-pointed pentagram shows that the fifth function has emerged, but is not yet transcendent. It lies buried beneath the other four. It is only with the third degree that the pentagram tilts over and attains its rightful upright direction. To turn the pentagram we must uncover that which is hidden, the unknown parts of ourselves.– Source: Vivianne Crowley, Wicca: The Old Religion in the New Millennium. Thorsons, London. 1996. Pages 194-195
Previous page: Pentagram / Pentacle


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There is nothing more satisfying than taking a whiff of that new car smell. However, as car prices are constantly on the rise, it is more common for the average buyer to seriously reconsider his/her options when it comes to choosing a car. Keep in mind that the true dealer cost is more than just a myth as it will guarantee that you only pay for the lowest price on a new car. While specific reasons are aplenty, here are just some of the factors that contribute to the increase of new car prices:
Modern cars need to conform to the latest safety guidelines in order to protect both the driver and passengers in the event of a collision or accident. Research and development is the key in further improving the safety rating of a car. This costs money.
Strict emissions guidelines also mean that car engines would need to benefit from added technology in order to provide a clean and efficient burn. This calls for the use of various engine sensors and modern metallurgy in terms of engine construction. This, too, costs a lot of money to design and produce.
Avoid the hassles of dealing with dishonest car salesmen by simply referring to the true dealer cost. This alone will guarantee that you never pay too much for a new car again, no matter the amount of technology and safety features that are built in to the car.


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By Sola Ogundipe
A MENTAL health expert and representative of LifeLine International Continental, Prof Taiwo Lateef Sheikh, has called for renewed approach towards tackling the challenge of suicide in Nigeria and africa as a whole.
Sheikh, who spoke as Nigeria joined the rest of the world to mark the 2023 World Suicide Prevention Day, said,"There is no one-size-fits-all solution to this challenge. In Africa, attitudes towards suicide are deeply intertwined with cultural, traditional, and religious beliefs. We need to change these perceptions, address myths, and provide support to those in need. Our approach must align with our cultural values to create lasting impact.
"We support the establishment of frameworks for suicide prevention and evidence-based suicide prevention interventions within communities in partnership with local players, and campaign to change the law in countries where suicide remains a crime, and wherever other laws restrict access to life-saving help."
He observed that suicide remains a significant issue across the African continent, which is home to six of the 10 countries with the highest suicide rates in the world, but said with access to timely and available crisis support services,lives can be saved.
"As we mark World Suicide Prevention Day in 2023, under the theme "Creating hope through action", we believe that by talking about suicide, and by providing better access to evidence-based interventions, we have the power to change the misconceptions and beliefs about suicide, and prevent this tragic loss of life across Africa."
Sheikh said across Africa, insufficient public spending on mental health and suicide prevention is a major barrier for providing assistance, noting that the role of frontline organisations such as LifeLine International's Members is doubly important.
He regretted that mental health, including the risk of suicide, affects millions of people across Africa even as stigma and cultural misconceptions often compound these issues.
"Effective suicide prevention can only take place through a whole-of-society approach that involves the government, CSOs, and community leaders. Tackling suicide and creating environments where individuals feel supported – and comfortable enough to seek help – requires reshaping attitudes.
He called for commitment d to advocating for and supporting policy change, including in the most challenging environments where suicide remains a crime. Criminalisation is counterproductive, reinforcing stigma and creating barriers for individuals seeking help. It is an unnecessary measure that does not deter suicide.
According to the World Health Organisation, WHO, suicide is a major public health problem with far-reaching social, emotional and economic consequences.
"Creating Hope Through Action" is the triennial theme for the World Suicide Prevention Day from 2021-2023. The theme serves as a powerful call to action and reminder that there is an alternative to suicide and that through our actions we can encourage hope and strengthen prevention.
The post SUICIDE PREVENTION: We must change our perceptions, provide support — SHEIKH appeared first on Vanguard News.


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When you look at it from broader perspective it is a from of 3d printer which prints with carbon fiber, it just needs to be upgraded and developed to be able to print non-rotating shapes with full x/y/z movement or at least to reinforce ABS/PLA parts with carbon fiber applied on their surface.
There were similar solutions on the beginning of DIY 3d printing machines development like this 3d printer which printed silicone on rotating tube:
There were successful applications of epoxy surface glued Kevlar and carbon fibers on regular ABS/PLA 3d printed parts which gave them amazing strength:
For next level in carbon printing we need to bring those concepts in a single machine.
Hopefully there will be someone to develop this idea further.
X-winder home page:
X-winder PDF brochure:
|X-winder technical specifications for standard 4 foot model and expanded 8 foot model|


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Watch the heartwarming video where a chimpanzee babysits puppies, showcasing a gentle and nurturing bond that transcends species.
A Heartwarming Encounter in the Animal Kingdom
In a video that is as endearing as it is surprising, a chimpanzee is a babysitter for a litter of baby puppies. This unique interaction not only breaks the boundaries between species but also showcases the nurturing instincts found in the animal kingdom.
The Chimpanzee: A Gentle Caretaker
The chimpanzee, often celebrated for its intelligence and emotional capabilities, displays remarkable gentleness and care. As it meets the puppies, its actions are tentative and tender, as if understanding the fragility of these tiny creatures.
The Puppies' Response
In turn, the puppies seem equally intrigued and comfortable with their unexpected caretaker. Considering the unusual pairing, the interaction is filled with moments of curiosity, playfulness, and a surprising sense of calm.
An Unlikely Friendship
As the video progresses, viewers witness the blossoming of an unlikely friendship. The chimpanzee carefully holds, grooms, and plays with the puppies, treating them with attention and affection typically reserved for members of its species.
The Power of Nurturing Instincts
This rare moment highlights the powerful nurturing instincts that transcend species barriers. It suggests that the capacity for care and compassion might be more widespread in the animal kingdom than previously thought.
A Viral Sensation
The video quickly became a viral sensation, warming viewers' hearts worldwide. It is a beautiful reminder of the unexpected ways in which different species can interact and form bonds.
A Lesson in Compassion and Coexistence
The scene of a chimpanzee babysitting a litter of puppies is more than just a cute encounter; it's a lesson in compassion and the possibilities of peaceful coexistence among different species. It's a testament to the gentle and caring nature that many animals inherently possess.