Wednesday, May 4, 2011
GEM Overview
This is the script of a short intro I've given at the Linaro@UDS memory management summit in Budapest in spring 2011. Yep, it's a bit old...
The core idea of GEM is to identify graphic buffer objects with 32bit ids. The reason being "X runs out of open fds" (KDE easily reaches a few thousand).
The core design principle behind GEM is that the kernel is in full control of the allocation of these buffer objects and is free to move the around in any way it sees fit. This is to make concurrent rendering by multiple processes possible while userspace can still assume that it is in sole possession of the gpu - GEM means "graphics execution manager".
Below some more details on what GEM is and does, what it does _not_ do and how it relates to other graphic subsystems.
GEM does...
 - lifecycle management. Userspace references are associated with the drm fd and get reaped on close (in case userspace forgets about them).
 - per-device global names to exchange buffers between processes (eg dri2). These names are again 32bit ids. These global ids do not count as userspace references and don't prevent a buffer from being reaped.
 - it implements very few generic ioctls:
 - flink for creating a global name for a buffer object
 - open for getting a per-fd handle to a buffer object with a global name
 - close for dropping a per-fd handle.
 - a little bit of kernel-internal helpers to facilitate mmap (by blending multiple buffer objects into the single drm device address space) and a few other things.
That's it, i.e. GEM is very much meant to be as simple as possible.
Driver-specific GEM ioctls
The generic GEM stuff is obviously not very useful. So drivers implement
quite a bit driver-specific ioctls, like:
 - buffer creation. In recent kernels there is some support to create dumb scanout objects for KMS. But they're only really useful for boot-splashs and unaccelerated dumb KMS drivers. Creating buffers usable for rendering is only possible with driver specific ioctls.
 - command submission. An important part is mapping abstract buffer ids to actual gpu address (and rewriting batchbuffers with these). In the future, with support for virtual gpu address spaces this might change.
 - tiling management. The kernel needs to know this to correctly tile/detile buffers when moving them around (e.g. evicting from vram).
 - command completion signalling and gpu/cpu synchronization.
There are currently two approaches for implementing a GEM driver:
 - roll-your-own, used by drm/i915 (and sometimes getting flaked for NIH).
 - ttm-base: radeon & nouveau.
GEM does not...
This still leaves out a few things that I've seen mentioned as
ideas/requirements here and elsewhere:
- cross-device buffer sharing and namespaces (see below) and
- buffer format handling and mediation between different users (except
tiling as mentioned above). The reason here is that gpus are a mess
and one of the worst parts is format handling. Better keep that out
of the kernel...
KMS (kernel mode setting)
KMS is essentially just a port of the xrandr api to the kernel as an ioctl
 - crtcs feed (possible multiple) outputs and get their data from a framebuffer object. A major part of KMS is also the support for vsynced-pageflipping of framebuffers.
 - Internally there's some support infrastructure to simplify drivers (all the drm_*_helper.c code).
 - framebuffers are created from a opaque driver-specific 32bit id and a format description. For GEM drivers these ids name GEM objects, but that need not be: The recently merged qemu kms driver does not implement gem and has one unique buffer object with id 0.
 - as mentioned above there newly is a generic ioctl to create an object suitable as a dumb scanout (plus some support to mmap it).
 - currently KMS has no generic support for overlays (there are driver-specific ioctls in i915 and vmgfx, though). Jesse Barnes has posted an RFC to remedy this:
PRIME is a proof-of-concept implementation from Dave Airlie for sharing
GEM objects between drivers/devices: Buffer sharing is done with a list of
struct page pointers. While being shared, buffers can't be moved anymore.
No further buffer description is passed along in the kernel, format/layout
mediation is to be handled in userspace.
Blog-post describing the initial design for sharing buffers between an
integrated Intel igd and a discrete ATI gpu:
Other code using the same framework to render on an Intel igd and display
the framebuffer on an usb-connected displayport:;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/udl-v2
GEM/KMS and fbdev
There's some minimal support to emulate an fbdev with a gem/kms driver.
Resolution can't be changed and it's unaccelerated. There's been some
muttering once in a while to better integrate this with either a kms
kernel console driver or by routing fbdev resolution changes to kms.
But the main use case is to display a kernel oops, which works. For
everything else there's X (or an EGL client that understands kms).
 1. And the slides for my little presentation about GEM/KMS at the graphics memory management summit at Linaro Connect in Budapest 2011:
 2. I was looking for a standard way to acquire a physical address of a GEM (in fact CMA) BO. Is there a standard IOCTL, or there is some issue with my approach?
 1. Nope, and if you try to do this from userspace, you're doing it wrong ;-) Userspace shouldn't require any knowledge of the physical location of gem objects. Usually such hacks are used to share buffers between different drivers, for which we now have the dma-buf framework.
 Also note that this article is pretty old, it only accidentally ended up at the top again due to a quickly-rectified operator error...
 2. I see... Yes I used physical addressing to share bo between DRM and V4L subsystems. But it is 3.5 and I don't remember if dma-buf was there.
 3. You mentioned about TTM and GEM, is it possible to have both exists in the kernel space to support different user space drivers under one system?
 1. Sure, e.g. radeon is TTM based and i915 is GEM based, and on a dual-gpu system you can use both.


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عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]چکیده [English]
In this paper, a new silicon-on-insulator (SOI) device structure is proposed to reduce self-heating effects. Using Si3N4 material is main idea in the structure that has high thermal conductivity respect to silicon dioxide. The device has been verified in two-dimensional device simulation. The results show that the structure provides a new path to reduce the temperature of the channel of SOI Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) and decreases the temperature in the channel.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The Legacy project, will be centering the Concordia Black student community and situating Concordia in a broader continuum of Black student and youth presence, mobilization, and connections through and around Concordia. This project will bring together six decades of Black student presence at Concordia into a week of activities and conversations across campus that will activate, celebrate, and strengthen the legacy of Black student culture & activism at Concordia.
August 24th, 2024, will mark the 50th anniversary of Concordia University and an important opportunity to engage with and reflect on Concordia's history and place in the world – a place that has been shaped by its communities and has participated in the shaping of communities. With this anniversary quickly approaching there is a need to present and activate Concordia's history in ways that invite its present community to see itself in and engage with the lineage. This is particularly necessary for communities who have historically been oppressed by and excluded from university histories.


text:
Fixed tenon and single mortise: A tenon was shaped from the end on one timber and inserted into the mortise of the other. When the tenon of a large vertical timber was left unlocked, as in masts, and sternposts, it was said to be stepped.
Free tenon and two mortises: The most common method of edge-joining planking in ancient and early medieval vessels in the Mediterranean area, it also was used to secure adjoining surfaces of parallel timbers, such as stems and floor timber chocks. Corresponding mortises were cut into each planking edge; a single hardwood tenon was inserted into the lower plank and the adjacent plank fitted over the protruding tenon. In many instances, the joint was locked by driving tapered hardwood pegs into holes drilled near each strake or timber edge.
Free tenon and three or more mortises: Used in superstructure fabrications or places where hull planking was too narrow to provide sufficient seating for the desired tenon length. Al through small planking joints whose tenons are unpegged and contribute no structural strength are essentially coak joints, the term mortise-and-tenon joint has become universally accepted for all such forms of edge joinery.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Birds of Passage – Movie Review
In the modern age of movies, the term "epic" usually just means long, crowded and in some way grandiose. Birds of Passage, Cristina Gallego and Ciro Guerra's follow-up to their stunning, hallucinogenic, Oscar-nominated Embrace of the Serpent, earns that label in a more honest and meticulous manner. Parts of the story are narrated by a blind singer, and overall the story itself upholds to legendary poet Ezra Pound's definition of the epic, as "a poem containing history." It's about how the world changes with or without you, about how individual actions and forces of fate work in concert to bring glory and ruin to a hero and his family.
The history in question, divided into five "cantos" or chapters, involves the Colombian drug trade from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, but the film defies narco-drama clichés and superficial period atmosphere. Shot in the Guajira Desert of Colombia and set among the Wayuu people of northern Colombia (an Indigenous population whose language and customs survived the Spanish colonization and the rise of the modern nation-state), the film centers around how the Wayuu people become embroiled in the burgeoning Colombian drug trade. That latter subject is hardly untouched dramatic territory, but the perspective is everything: In favoring an indigenous perspective, grounding its crime-thriller tropes in the rich soil of native tradition, Birds of Passage achieves a poetic power and moral clarity all its own.
birds of passJhon Narvaez & José Acosta in Birds of Passage
The story begins, in seemingly innocuous fashion, with a courtship and a wedding. Rapayet (José Acosta), an outsider or "alijuna" as the Wayuu say, wants to marry a beautiful Wayuu girl named Zaida (Natalia Reyes). And so he does, though the less-than-diligent manner in which he arranges her dowry — involving his unruly friend Moises (Jhon Narvaez) and a couple of weed-loving, communism-dissing American gringos — casts a cloud over their marriage from the outset. That cloud will grow and grow. "The spirits will warn me," says Zaida's mother, Úrsula (Carmiña Martínez), if her son-in-law should do anything to cause her daughter harm. And while the silently charismatic Rapayet is a peace-loving sort, he can't avoid the pollutive association with Moises, whose increasingly unpredictable, trigger-happy ways can only bring chaos upon Rapayet and his loved ones.
And with Moises still in the picture, what could go wrong? Everything, of course. In Gaellego and Guerra's hands, a tale of shady deals, doubles crosses and miscalculations becomes a domestic Shakspearian-like tragedy and a cultural apocalypse. Just as the money flows in, so do the guns, and the old codes of honor and reciprocation are corroded by greed and vanity. Rapayet, Zaida and their two children move into a grand villa that comes to symbolize both their worldly success and its grotesque absurdity. The house sits in the middle of a barren stretch of land, looking desolate and abandoned even when it's newly built and full of people.
birds of pass 1(Left to Right) José Vicente, Greider Meza, Carmiña Martínez, José Acosta & Natalia Reyes in Birds of Passage
The lavish, sterile rooms are visited by some of the birds alluded to in the film's title, omens of change and catastrophe. Birds of Passage, while clearly the result of long and careful research into the Wayuu people, doesn't feel like an ethnographic document. Instead of stepping back to explain the beliefs and cultural practices of its characters, it drops you into the reality of their lives, trusting that both their humanity and their distinctiveness will be apparent, that they are no more fundamentally mysterious or noble than anyone else.
Though their marriage started the narrative and is at the center of the narrative, Zaida and Rapayet are not quite the protagonists of their own lives. The authentically tragic figure here, the one who secures the films epic scale, is Úrsula. Regal in her bearing and loyal in her commitment to being right, Úrsula is a woman whose actions are at once grounded in clear ethical principles and wholly catastrophic in their consequences. But Úrsula is not entirely to blame for the violence that consumes everyone around her. There are plenty of individual lapses that accelerate the destruction. Moises is impulsive; Rapayet can be passive; Ursula's son Leonidas (Greider Meza) drifts toward wanton criminality, unbound from the discipline of tradition. Behind these actions are the half-invisible, lethally powerful forces of outsider expediency and Yankee appetite. The history this poem contains is not only the history of the Wayuu.
Grade: B+
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Trade Unions in Burma
Federation of Trade unions - Burma, [2002]
1949—The Trade Unions Congress of Burma (TUCB) was initially formed with assistance of the Anti-Fascist Peoples' Freedom League (AFPFL) and led by U Ba Swe and U Than Tun.
1950—The Burma Trade Union Congress (BTUC) was formed by Thakhin Hla Kywe and Thakhin Thwin.
1958—The Union of Labor Organization (ULO) was formed by U Thwin and Raschid.
_PHONE_—It was called the "Time of Trouble" and by 1958 Burma's political condition was very chaotic. In spite of all the internal political issues, all these trade union national centers were very active. They were also active in the international trade union movement and the Socialist International movement.
1962—All independent trade unions were abolished by the military regime which later called itself the Burmese way to Socialist Program Party (BSPP). After that the Burmese military regime formed a Labor Association" which was run in a totalitarian manner by the single party system.
1988—After suffering the BSPP for nearly three decades, the people broke out in an uprising. Students with less responsible parts at home but with more active minds were the first to come out in attacking the military regime. Knowing that the students were saying what their parents were suffering, the workers came out in their support. During the peoples' uprising, the trade unions were formed in all the government sectors, including the military and the police.
The "All Burma Labor Union" was formed at the Htan Ta Bin High School, Hledan, Rangoon in September. U Khin Kyaw (now imprisoned for seventeen years) representing the Communications Union was elected as president. The trade unions took up demonstrations and stopped work in accordance with the call of the student union. When a coup was staged by the military on itself, all unions were outlawed and the leaders forced to either resign or be arrested.
The Federation of Trade Unions-Burma (FTUB) was formed in 1991, by exiled workers and students who had participated in the 8 August 1988 peoples' uprising.
The Federation of Trade Unions-Kawthoolei was formed in October 1998. The Karen Education Workers Union, the Karen health Workers Union and the Karen Agriculture Workers Unions are the affiliates of the FTUK.


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LPC Approves Cathedral of St. John the Divine and Morningside Heights
-Cathedral of St. John the Divine
The Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) made two long-awaited designations in Upper Manhattan on February 21 –The Cathedral Church with six buildings that form the Close of St. John the Divine and a Morningside Heights Historic District.
The Cathedral was calendared 51 years ago amidst questions about designating an unfinished building. The Cathedral itself supported designation at an LPC hearing 12 years ago. But neighbors convinced the City Council not to confirm the designation because parts of the Close had been de-calendared for development. The Conservancy supported designation then and did so again last Tuesday. ()
The massive building, which began construction in 1892, remains unfinished. The 11.3 acre Close now has residential buildings on the two de-calendared portions which provide income for Cathedral maintenance. The remaining grounds, with gardens and artwork, are open to the public daily.
Residents of Morningside Heights began petitioning the Landmarks Commission to designate a historic district a decade ago. They kept up the plea throughout the years. The Commission finally did respond, calendaring a district last year. The new district includes approximately 115 buildings–apartment houses, 19th century row houses, and the 1912 Broadway Presbyterian Church. The Conservancy testified in support. ()


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Q1. What is a Notice of Lien?
A1. A Notice of Lien is filed to create a public record of a claim against property. The claim arises from a service that was provided, a security interest, or a court order. A hospital lien is a type of Notice of Lien.
Q2. What is a hospital lien?
A2. A hospital lien is a lien filed by a hospital for all reasonable and necessary charges for care. Hospital liens are connected to the care of a person who was injured by the negligent or wrongful acts of another person.
Q3. Can I file a hospital lien?
A3. Only a hospital or an authorized representative can file a hospital lien.
Q4. How do I file a hospital lien?
A4. To file a hospital lien:
See the filing instructions.
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A5. The hospital is the claimant. The injured person is the owner.
Q6. When does a hospital lien expire?
A6. A hospital lien is effective until the hospital files a termination.
Q7. Can I terminate a hospital lien?
A7. Only a hospital or an authorized representative can terminate a hospital lien.
Q8. My hospital lien was terminated. Why does it still appear to be effective?
A8. Before May 29, 2012, amendments to hospital liens were recorded as new liens. To fully terminate a hospital lien that had been amended, both the original lien and the amendment had to be terminated. If a lien appears in our system that you believe should have been terminated, you may be able to find the termination if you search by debtor name and enter the name of the person the lien was filed against.


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The site of Galería contained what are called human occupation floors: dirt layers that were once the floor of a cave where humans carried out their activities. Each of these floors represented a "photograph" of how the cave was left by these humans after using it, probably during only a very brief period of time. When they left, after for example consuming the flesh of a dead animal, they left behind them the bare bones and the tools used to dismember the carcasses. The remains were later covered by mud and rock transported by water, preserving not just the stone tools and bones, but the living space.
This is how the concept of anthropic impact was developed: a space used by human beings for their own convenience and a layer of sediment that preserves associated bones and stone tools that are more or less contemporaneous. Based on the remains found at Galería, it was believed that the humans entered the site to scavenge from time to time and maybe to consume game hunted in the vicinity. They didn't stay long, since bones with cutmarks and intentional fractures are not abundant. Galería functioned as a natural trap. That is, that the cave was visited from time to time by groups of hunters, whenever they saw carcasses inside, and they didn't return for a long time after the feast.


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Plant Pest and Agriculture Commodity Certification Act
The Kansas Plant Pest and Agriculture Commodity Certification Act was first enacted in 1907. This act serves four basic functions:
To protect the state from outbreaks of dangerous plant pests and diseases by locating plant pests and taking appropriate regulatory action when necessary
To provide for the licensing of live plant dealers
To provide for the inspection and certification of Kansas-produced commodities to facilitate shipments to domestic and international markets
To grant quarantine authority
This act authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to quarantine and treat or destroy infested or infected plants or plant products to prevent the movement of dangerous plant pests into, or spread within, Kansas.
In addition to protecting the state's plant resources from unintentional or accidental introduction of plant pests, the authority provided in this law will assist in the state's homeland security effort to detect, identify, and respond to bioterrorism activities involving plant pests that may be intentionally introduced into the state.
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cover of August 8, 2015 issue
Crime-solving camera
Quick-change trick allows a digital camera to photograph blood concealed by paint
11:00am, August 31, 2012
 A digital camera fitted with the right filters, like the one shown here, can detect only infrared light. The crime-fighting trick can reveal bloodstains hidden behind layers of paint.
Criminals can't hide their crimes with paint anymore, thanks to a lighting trick and an ordinary camera.
In July, scientists reported that a standard digital camera can photograph blood even when it's hidden behind many layers of paint. All it takes are some small adjustments to the camera to turn it into a crime-fighting tool.
In an investigation, blood found at the scene of a crime is powerful evidence. It may contain DNA, which can be used to identify victims and criminals. DNA is the genetic material found inside almost every living cell. Like your fingerprints, your DNA is unique to you.
Glenn Porter, a scientist at the University of Western Sydney in Australia, worked on the new study and is an expert in forensic photography. Forensics uses technology and scientific analysis to uncover information useful in investigating a crime. Porter used to be a photographer for the Australian Federal Police. He told Science News that his team's new photographic finding might be useful, especially in the investigation of crimes that happened long ago.
"We hope it gives law enforcement the ability to go on hunches," he said. If investigators get suspicious about a cover-up, they can use an adjusted digital camera to take a photo of the area in question. That might come in handy for past crimes where the evidence trail appears to have gone cold. Most importantly, he notes, investigators can use this technique before gathering more evidence in ways that damage the property, such as scraping off paint or taking out a wall.
To turn a standard digital camera into a crime-fighting tool, investigators need the right filters. A filter attaches to a camera's lens and limits the light let in. To see behind paint, a camera needs to be outfitted with filters that admit only infrared light.
Light travels as waves. The wavelengths of infrared light are slightly longer than those of red light. (A wavelength is the distance from the top of one wave to the top of the next.) Those longer wavelengths give infrared light the ability to pass through paint, something visible light can't do. Human eyes can't see infrared, but cameras can — with the right filters.
Porter and his colleagues installed filters so the camera could detect infrared light, which is blocked in ordinary digital cameras. They put small drops of horse blood mixed with water on a board painted white. After allowing the blood to dry, the scientists painted over it. They tested several different colors and three different kinds of white paint.
Beneath two layers of black paint, the blood was invisible to human eyes. But not to the camera. Porter and his colleagues reported that the blood showed through six layers of black paint when photographed with the camera viewing the infrared light. Six layers of red couldn't hide the stains from the camera. Purple, orange, blue, yellow and green paint also failed to fool the camera. But two layers of white acrylic paint did manage to conceal the drops from the camera.
The new technique borrows on one that art experts have been using since the 1930s. They photograph paintings in infrared light to hunt for drawings that might be hidden beneath the surface. Drawings made with charcoal show up particularly well because the carbon in charcoal is good at absorbing infrared light.
Power Words
acrylic A common type of fast-drying paint.
infrared light Light that has a wavelength somewhat longer than the red end of the visible light spectrum but that is shorter than microwaves.
forensics The application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation of crime.
lens The light-gathering part of a camera
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Abstract
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF WET CUPPING APPLICATION ON CERTAIN PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF ATHLETES
The aim of this study is to investigate how wet cupping effects performance and certain blood parameters of athletes. The athletes participating in the study (n=23) were divided into control group (CG, n=11) and experimental group (EG, n=12) by using random sample method. The athletes in sample group were selected in accordance with following criteria; age average: 20,36±1,286 year, average training age: 7,45±4,132 year, average stature: 177,82±6,585 cm, average body weight: 74,09±11,476 kg. The same criteria for the athletes in experimental group (EG) (n=11) were as follows; age average: 21,17±2,290 year, average training age: 9,08±3,825 year, average stature: 179,67±8,553 cm, average body weight: 71,25±10,314 kg. Leg force, acceleration, speed, vertical jump and standing long jump values f participants were measured along with their blood parameters such as WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT and HCT levels. In statistical analyses of the study, arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were used as descriptors, and Shapiro-Wilks was made to test the normality of distributions. Independent-Sample T-Test was made to determine the difference between the groups and Paired Sample T-Test to determine the difference within each group. Significance level was taken as p<0.05. Consequently, it can be stated that wet cupping has a positive effect on leg force, acceleration, vertical jump and Yoyo-1 values of athletes.
Keywords
Wet Cupping, Acceleration, Speed, Blood Values, Anaerobic
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Finding a home has never been easy for the Vancouver Art Gallery.
tap here to see other videos from our team.
Whether it's the current move into a brand new building or the first gallery, it's always been a challenge finding the money and the will to build a public art gallery for Vancouver.
Earlier in the 20th century, it took six years to build the first Vancouver Art Gallery.
The process started in 1925 when Henry Athelstan and his wife announced they would donate $50,000 in honour of their son who died in 1918. Stone and the initial founders added another $50,000 to make a $100,000 pot of money to buy art – if the city donated a site and a building. Council turned it down.
Next, the people of Vancouver had a say. They didn't like what they were hearing. They voted against spending $75,000 in public money to build a city art gallery.
A few years later, when the group of founders increased from the original five to 11, they sweetened the offer to the city: "We'll build the gallery if you donate the site."
Construction on the first VAG at 1145 West Georgia started in April, 1931. Six months later,it was opened. Vancouver had its first "palace of art," as The Vancouver Sun called the new gallery.
The building cost $50,000.
But it didn't take long before the original gallery became inadequate. When its outstanding Emily Carr collection was given to the gallery in 1945, the building wasn't physically big enough to put the works on permanent display for the public. About a year later, the first plans were proposed to spend $200,000 on an extension.
But even that went back and forth for years. Over time, the budget nearly doubled. In 1951, the renovated VAG with an Emily Carr Gallery finally opened.
The renovation and expansion cost $375,000.
"Money and space were always problems," wrote Eve Johnson in The Vancouver Sun.
Art in Vancouver has never had an easy time of it as Johnson recounted the history of the gallery in 1983 when it was about to move into its current home in the former Provincial Courthouse at 750 Hornby.
As before, the move into a new space took years of planning and endless meetings.
It started in 1967 when Tony Emery, the outspoken and innovative director, first suggested that the gallery was too small and needed to expand.
But it wasn't until 1975 that the process to find a new home started in earnest. After Emery's surprise resignation, Luke Rombout took over as director and launched a new and much different era at the gallery. Rombout, as Johnson wrote, "began working on acquiring a new and better building. The VAG began to bring back the businessmen and take the gallery to court."
(In fact, Take the Gallery to Court was the marketing tag for the move.)
Once all the political actors had decided that the Provincial Courthouse was going to be the gallery's home, it took five years of fundraising and two years of renovations to turn the house of law into an art gallery.
A big chunk of the money for the renovation was raised because of rising real estate prices. The city had agreed to put the proceeds of the sale of the 1145 West Georgia site toward the renovation. In 1978, when the city made that committment, the land was valued at $2.5 million.
By 1982, the value had dramatically increased. The city sold it to Manufacturer's Life Insurance for $12 million.
Opening day was Saturday, Oct. 15, 1983.
Cost of the renovation was $20.5 million.
Next on Art from the Archive: In 1983, Vancouver celebrated the new VAG
*Images, top to bottom: The former Provincial Courthouse being renovated to turn the fourth floor into exhibition space for the new Vancouver Art Gallery, May 4, 1982, Brian Kent: The Vancouver Sun; VAG renovation, Sept. 17, 1981, Mark van Manen: The Vancouver Sun; Luke Rombout, gallery director, on the steps of the gallery which was still under renovation, Jan. 8, 1983; and VAG under renovation Aug. 29, 1982, John Denniston: The Province.
I'm on Twitter @KevinCGriffin


text:
A rusted grill may seem incapable of cooking food, but with a little elbow grease, you can clean it up and have a functional grill in no time. If the grill is highly rusted, it may be necessary to replace it. Nevertheless, if it's only a bit rusted, you should be able to clean it up and get it running again.
- Begin by removing any loose rust from the grill using a wire brush.
- Then, make a one-part vinegar-to-one-part-water solution and use it to clean the grill.
- Clean and dry the grill with clean water.
- It is now time to oil the grill.
- Apply a little coating of vegetable oil to the whole surface of the grill using a paper towel.
- Prepare the grill for 10-15 minutes on medium heat before cooking.
- 1 How to clean your BBQ grill and metal parts of rust dont for get to subscribe
- 2 How to treat a rusty grill
- 3 Is it ok to cook on a rusty griddle
- 4 Can you cook on rusty cast iron
- 5 Rusty grill grates
- 6 Can you cook on a rusty grill
- 7 How do you clean a rusty grill
- 8 What are the best ways to prevent rust on a grill
- 9 Conclusion
- 10 FAQs
How to clean your BBQ grill and metal parts of rust dont for get to subscribe
How to treat a rusty grill
Don't give up if your grill has begun to rust! There are a few simple ways to restore a rusted grill to its former glory.
Using a wire brush to remove rust from the surface of the grill is one method of treating rust.
You don't want to spread the rust everywhere, so make sure you remove all of it before you start cleaning.
When the rust has been removed, apply a rust-resistant coating to the grill. This will assist to keep the rust from reappearing.
A vinegar and water solution is another option for treating a rusted grill. Just combine equal parts vinegar and water and apply with a cloth to the grill. Let a few minutes for the solution to rest before wiping it away.
If your grill is really rusted, you may need to sand the surface before applying a rust-resistant coating. Be careful to use a fine-grit sandpaper to avoid damaging the grill's surface.
After you've removed the rust, thoroughly clean the grill before using it.
This will aid in the removal of any remaining rust-resistant coating or vinegar solution.
With a little time and work, you can restore your rusted grill to its former glory!
Is it ok to cook on a rusty griddle
If you're wondering if you can cook on a rusted griddle, the short answer is yes! Although not ideal, cooking on a rusted griddle is entirely acceptable. Just be sure to clean it well before you begin cooking to eliminate any stray rust particles.
If your griddle is significantly rusty, it's probably time to replace it. But don't panic if it's just beginning to show symptoms of wear; you may still use it for cooking.
Can you cook on rusty cast iron
There is much disagreement over whether you can cook on rusted cast iron. Others believe that's acceptable as long as you season it appropriately. Some claim that it is not safe to cook on.
It is critical to season rusty cast iron before cooking with it. This entails sprinkling it with oil and baking it in the oven. This will provide a barrier between the food and the rust, preventing it from seeping into the meal.
Rusted cast iron may be used for cooking, but it must first be seasoned. This will provide a barrier between the food and the rust, preventing it from seeping into the meal.
Rusty grill grates
Don't be discouraged if your barbecue grates are beginning to rust. There are a few simple techniques to clean them and restore them to their former splendor.
A wire brush may be used to remove rust off barbecue grates.
This will need some elbow grease, but it is the most effective method for removing rust. A vinegar and water solution is another method for removing rust. Soak a towel in the solution and scrape the rust off the grates.
If your grill grates are severely rusted, they may need to be replaced. But first, try one of these methods to see if you can clean them up and extend their useful life!
Can you cook on a rusty grill
Cooking on a rusted grill is not recommended. Rust can contaminate food and cause gastrointestinal problems.
How do you clean a rusty grill
Don't be discouraged if your grill is beginning to rust. You can restore it to new condition with a little elbow work and the correct cleansers. How to Clean a Rusted Grill
1. Remove the grill grates and any other detachable elements first. Soak them for around 30 minutes in a mix of hot water and dish soap.
2. Scrub the interior of the grill with a wire brush while the grates soak.
Be careful to dig into all of the nooks and crannies!
3. Thoroughly rinse the grill with a hose and then dry it with a clean towel.
4. It's now time to attack the rust.
There are many approaches you may take. You may use rust-removal spray, white vinegar, or even Coca-Cola to remove the rust!
5. After the rust has been removed, carefully clean and dry the grill.
6. Replace the grill grates and other components, and you're ready to cook!
Cleaning a rusted grill might be time-consuming, but it is well worth the effort. With a little elbow grease, you'll have a grill that looks brand new.
What are the best ways to prevent rust on a grill
If you're referring to a BBQ grill, the best methods to avoid rust are to clean it on a regular basis, fully dry it after cleaning, and apply an oil coating before storage.
If you live in a humid climate, you might consider keeping your grill in a covered place.
If your grill is starting to rust, you may be wondering if it is still safe to use. The good news is that you can still use a rusted grill, but there are a few things to consider. Then, use a wire brush to scrape the rust off the grill grates before cooking.
This will help to keep the rust from getting into your food. Second, cook at a lower temperature than normal to prevent harming the grill grates. Finally, inspect the grill on a regular basis and reapply a layer of paint or sealant as needed to prevent rust from returning.
Is it safe to cook on a rusted grill?
A grill with loose rust is unsafe because it may stick to the food; however, a grate with minor surface rust can be cleaned and treated to be used again. While ingesting rust in one meal is unlikely to cause harm, continuous ingestion may be harmful to the intestinal tract.
How do you get rust off grill grates?
Rust Remover Made with Vinegar and Salt
In a spray bottle, combine 2 parts vinegar and 1 part salt. Cover the grates completely with the vinegar solution and place them in an old plastic bag overnight. After soaking the grill grates overnight, wipe them off with an old towel to remove any rust residue.
Will rust on a grill burn off?
The best approach for removing basic surface rust is to heat the barbeque and then clean it with ammonia. After starting a fire and letting it burn for approximately 30 minutes, extinguish it and allow the unit to cool until it is warm but not too hot to handle.
Why is my grill so rusty?
Keeping cooked fat and trash off the surface of your grill helps the Chromium to perform its job of preventing rust. One of the most crucial distinctions to make is that grease and oil are not the same thing. Rust is caused by grease; oiling your grill grates prevents rust. removing food particles
Can WD 40 remove rust from a grill?
Remove the rack and WD-40® Specialist® Cleaner & Degreaser any filth. After a few minutes, take a wire brush and scrub clean. Use WD-40® Specialist® Rust Remover Soak for larger applications, particularly on metal grills and grill equipment that can be readily soaked.
Will Dawn clean grill grates?
Dawn® aids in the breakdown of stuck-on food, oil, and filth, allowing you to spend less time cleaning and more time with your family. When your grates have sat for a while, give them a brisk clean using a bristle-free or stiff nylon grill brush.
How often should you replace your grill?
Every three years, the typical American changes their grill. Routine maintenance and prompt repairs, on the other hand, may greatly increase that lifetime. According to Business Insider, adequate cleaning and upkeep may maintain a gas barbecue in good working order for 5 to 15 years.


text:
Background: Epidemiological studies have reported an association between asthma and migraine, mainly in adults. Objective: To examine the association between specialist-diagnosed asthma and migraine among adolescents. Methods: The electronic database of a recruitment center was retrospectively searched for all 17-year-old draftees during the years _PHONE_. Diagnoses of asthma and migraine were made by certified specialists. The prevalence of migraine was compared among draftees with and without asthma. Covariate data on socio-demographics and associated medical conditions were recorded. Results: A total of 113 671 adolescents were available for analysis. Asthma was diagnosed among 4.0% and migraine among 1.9%. Migraine was significantly more prevalent among adolescents with asthma [174 of the 4581 subjects (3.8%)] compared to those without asthma [1946 of the 109 090 (1.8%)] [OR = 2.17 (95% CI 1.86-2.55; P < 0.001)]. Rates of migraine among subjects with and without allergic rhinitis were 6.3% and 1.7%, respectively [OR = 4.04 (95% CI 3.58-4.56; P < 0.001)]. On multivariate analysis, there was a significant association between migraine and both asthma [OR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.19-1.68)] and allergic rhinitis [OR = 3.18 (95% CI 2.80-3.63)]. Other factors significantly associated with migraine were female gender, urban area of residence, recent immigration to Israel, having three or fewer siblings, and abnormal body mass index. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware that asthma and allergic rhinitis are potential risk factors for migraine in adolescents. A combined finding of these conditions and recurrent headache is highly suggestive of migraine and warrants a different diagnosis and treatment approach from sinusitis.
- allergic rhinitis
- risk factor

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


A password will be e-mailed to you.
How to reset your Apple ID password
It can be very frustrating to get locked out of your account when you are attempting to download any new app or carry out some other important task. Passwords serve the purpose of protecting privacy but if you get locked, then it will be really annoying. Especially if you are an Apple user, you will know the feeling of being locked out of your Apple ID, which is important when downloading apps or confirming software updates.
Source: _URL_
However, Apple provides its users with an option to reset their Apple ID password in several ways so that you can reset it and carry on with your task easily without encountering too many problems. Here is a guide on the easy ways to reset your password easily and quickly.
 1. Head to appleid.apple.com and click on Forgot Apple ID or password, which can be seen at the centre of the page. Keep in mind that your password can automatically pre-fill the sign-in screen by using a drop-down menu. Therefore, check the Remember Me box so that you can look for it first and understand how it functions.
 2. By clicking on the aforementioned ou will be redirected to a page where you need to type in your Apple ID, which will act as the primary email address that you set for your Apple account.
 3. You will be taken to a new webpage where you have to type in your name and the email address associated with the account.
 4. Click on Continue and then press on the option that reads 'I need to reset my password'. Keep in mind that if you have set up two-factor authentication, then you will be asked to confirm your phone number to authenticate your attempt to sign in to your account.
 5. You will now be able to choose how to reset your password, with your available options being either by email or by answering the given security questions. Select the option depending on what is more convenient for you.
 6. If you choose the use email method, you will be prompted to send instructions to the primary email address that you provided to Apple. You can also choose to have another secondary email ID. If you are unable to see the email in your inbox, check in your Trash, Spam, and Junk folders, or follow the previously mentioned steps again.
 7. If you choose the option with the security questions, you will be required to authenticate your date of birth and answer specific questions to create a new password.
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text:
Submitted to: Biological Systems Simulation Group Proceedings
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/14/2008
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: The ability to simulate the effects of nitrogen on leaf growth and canopy development is important for potato simulation models that can be used to manage nitrogen applications. Most models simulate the effects of nitrogen on canopy growth at the whole plant level, i.e., the plant is viewed as a "big leaf". Recently, more mechanistic, leaf level models of photosynthesis have been developed to better estimate carbon assimilation and evapotranspiration rates as a function of environmental and basic physiological variables. In order to scale the simulations to the whole plant level, information on the growth of individual leaves is necessary. The relationship between carbon assimilation and N uptake is further complicated by atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the effects on carbon assimilation rate, carbon partitioning and N content in the plant. The objective of this study was to quantify leaf expansion rates in potato as a function of nitrogen application rate and CO2 level. Data on leaf growth rates were obtained from an experiment with potato carried out in pots in outdoor daylit growth chambers. Six N levels (2 to 14 mM N) and two CO2 levels (ambient and twice ambient) were applied with irrigation. A day/night temperature regime of 23/18 oC was maintained. Length and width were measured two times a week on selected mainstem and apical leaves. A Gompertz type equation was used to smooth the leaf area data. Leaf growth rates were calculated from the change in area over time and relative leaf age (Fleisher and Timlin, 2006). An empirical function was determined from the data to calculate the effect of N level on maximum leaf expansion rate The conclusions from this study are 1) the rate of expansion of a leaf and its final area are functions of nitrogen availability but the growth duration is not, and 2) carbon limitations also affect leaf expansion rates, especially for higher order leaves in potato. A function for leaf expansion rate that accounts for leaf age effects on growth rate with temperature and nitrogen adjustments appears to be a promising method to simulate leaf expansion in potato.


It is the type of question you ask yourself every time your computer starts to get a little slow or act a little weird: how often should you replace a laptop?
Laptops don't tend to become obsolete as quickly as they used to, but you still need to keep track of its age so that you can know when to start saving.
We've done some research to see the average lifespan of a laptop and help you determine whether you should upgrade a computer or just get a new laptop altogether.
How Often Should You Get A New Laptop?
Unfortunately, there isn't a golden rule on age for a laptop or when it should be replaced.
It will depend mainly on the following:
What you use your laptop for;
- How you've taken care of your laptop;
- How it is acting
For a laptop that doesn't have any problems, it can last upwards of seven or eight years. However, if you want to have the latest apps and programs, then you may need to upgrade every three or so years.
Sometimes, it will be possible to upgrade an existing laptop instead of buying a new laptop altogether.
Signs You Need A New Laptop
There are some pretty standard, tell-tale signs that you need a new laptop or that you need to update it. While everyone will experience different signs, there are a few that are pretty universal. They include:
Your System Seems To Be Running Slowly
If you notice that your laptop is running slow, lagging, and freezing, it could be that you need a new laptop. It may also take longer to boot up and power down, while specific programs and apps could take longer to load.
Over time, you may have to force restart your computer more often than not. Beware that this could just be a sign that you need to update your computer too.
Your Computer Randomly Shuts Down On You
Another problem that you will see as your computer ages is that it will start to randomly shut down when you are in the middle of tasks. This can often be attributed to overheating because your computer is working too much.
This could be caused by the system being too old to handle what you are doing or it could just be that the fan on your computer has given out, and it isn't helping to expel any of the hot air. No matter what, it is a warning that something serious is going on.
It Is Too Bulky
Laptops are getting easier and more comfortable to carry around, and older laptop stick out like well, a brick. If your laptop isn't easy to carry around or throw into a bag, you might want to start looking for something that will be more convenient.
While not everyone moves around with their technology, it is good to prioritize that if you decide to upgrade.
You Get The Blue Screen Of Death
The Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) is a big deal and it can mean that something serious is going on with your computer. Most people think it is okay if their computers show this screen and then reboot just fine, but this stop error means that there is something going on with the operating system.
If you can't troubleshoot on your own, take it to a repair shop. They will tell you if they can fix it or if you should just replace your laptop.
You Are Starting A New Job Or Phase Of Your Life
Sometimes when you should replace your laptop doesn't depend on the laptop at all, it will depend on you. Many people suggest getting a newer, better laptop when you are making a big change in your life. This could be when you are moving from high school to college or from college to the job market.
Your old laptop has probably been through a lot and it is better to start fresh with something that doesn't have all of your old files on it.
The same can be said if you are switching careers. Using a laptop that has your old files could be a security and liability hazard.
You Can't Load New Software
Another common issue is that when computers start to age, they become incompatible with newer software and technology. Once you start to recognize this, it is time to buy a new laptop, especially if it impacts your performance at work or school. You will have some warning time here, so you can start to save.
Your Laptop Doesn't Have Good Security
One thing that needs to improve on laptops continually is the security. This is because there is a rise in cybercrimes and your computer absolutely needs to have the ability to run and accept any and all software updates. If your system cannot update, your data will not be secure.
This means you will be open to hackers, viruses, and malware.
Should You Upgrade Your Existing Laptop Of Just Buy A New One?
There isn't a rule about whether or not you should upgrade your computer or replace it. Often, upgrading is reserved for when you want to upgrade a specific aspect of your laptop, not when it starts to get slow.
Most laptops aren't all that easy or convenient to upgrade. Desktop computers have ports and features that are easier to get to, so you may hear about them getting upgraded.
For laptops, most upgrades will cost as much or even more than a suitable replacement. The only difference here is when you look at gaming laptops, which tend to be more expensive.
If you do decide to upgrade your laptop, there are a few main areas where you should look:
- Memory
- Hard Drive
- Optical Drive
- Video Cards
- Processors
If you are able to look at your computer and figure out what is causing it to work slowly or malfunction, then you will have a pathway towards improvement. Even so, depending on the age of your laptop, you may have trouble sourcing the new parts.
You may want to upgrade the memory before you try anything else, as this is the easiest and most cost-effective upgrade. The more memory your computer has, the more data it can process. Memory upgrades vary in cost but can make all the difference in the performance of your laptop.
Hard drive upgrades, on the other hand, aren't as cheap, but are still effective. For a regular user, hard drive space roughly doubles roughly every two years, and the amount of data that gets stored is double as well.
This is largely because we use our phones to store digital audio, video, and pictures, and that gets transferred to our computers. If you want a bigger laptop, instead of replacing it, purchase a new internal or external hard drive.
It is hard to find a new laptop with an optical drive, so if you want one, you may have to upgrade your existing laptop. You can also simply buy a DVD burner. They are easy to install and have the extra speed and functionality to impact your laptop.
For gamers, upgrading the video card will be important if you find that your laptop cannot keep up with the graphic demands of advanced gamers or complex programs. Graphics cards aren't expensive, but they can help to make your laptop much more effective, especially when gaming.
The most impactful change is also the most expensive and difficult: upgrading the processor. This is a really difficult thing to do because updating the CPU may lead to even more updates throughout the laptop, including to the motherboard and memory. Often, it is better to just replace your laptop.
How To Lengthen The Life Of Your Laptop
If you want to lengthen the life of your laptop so that you don't have to replace it as frequently, there are a few different things you can do. Of course, buying a higher quality laptop should help, but there are other steps you can take as well.
 - Keep your laptop clean.
Dust and clean out your laptop regularly so that the fans and cooling systems don't overwork. When these start to slow down and burn out, it is soon time to say goodbye to your computer.
 - Keep it cool.
There are reasons computer labs are always so cold: machines that are kept cool will last longer.
 - Keep your data on the cloud.
If you are going to store a lot of data, keeping things on the cloud can help to free up space for different processes and games.
 - Replace the battery.
A lot can be traced down to the battery. If your battery isn't operating at full power, it can feel like a lot is going wrong with your computer.
 - Buy a good laptop to start.
Once again, buying a better quality laptop will beget a better lifespan. It really can be that simple.
Conclusion
In the end, the average laptop lifetime will depend on how well you take care of your computer, what you do with it, and what your expectations are.
If you are looking for a new laptop, it is important to do some research and figure out which models tend to last the longest.
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text:
Nano-engineered flexible pH sensor for point-of-care urease detection
School of Science
Accurate pH monitoring is crucial for many applications, such as, water quality monitoring, blood monitoring, chemical and biological analyses, environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostic. The most common technique for pH measurement is based on the use of conventional glass pH electrodes. Glass electrodes have several limitations, such as mechanical fragility, large size, limited shapes and high cost, making them impractical for implementation as Lab-onchips and pH sensor capsules. Various metal oxides, such as RuO2, IrO2, TiO2, SnO2, Ta2O5 and PdO have recently been proposed for the realization of pH sensing electrodes. Specifically, ruthenium oxide exhibits unique properties including thermal stability, excellent corrosion resistance, low hysteresis high sensitivity, and low resistivity. In this paper, we demonstrate the concept of a miniaturized ion selective electrode (ISE) based pH sensor for point-of-care urease monitoring. The sensor comprises a thin film RuO2 on platinum sensing electrode, deposited using E-beam and R.F. magnetron sputtering, in conjunction with an integrated Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The performance and characterization of the developed pH/urea sensors in terms of sensitivity, resolution, reversibility and hysteresis are investigated. Experimental results show a linear potential-versus-urea-concentration response for urea concentrations in the range 0 - 180 mg/ml. Experimental results demonstrate super-Nernstian slopes in the range of 64.33 mV/pH - 73.83 mV/pH for RF sputtered RuO2 on platinum sensing electrode using a 80%:20% Ar:O2 gas ratio. The RuO2 sensor exhibits stable operation and fast dynamic response, making it attractive for in vivo use, wearable and flexible biomedical sensing applications. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


where the total order on the space of keys is inherited from the order "$ \ge$ " for integers $ \mathbb{Z}$. Especially the set of keys is a totally ordered subset of integers.
Question: How are the two concept of 'key' related to each other? My first idea was that if we consider in light of for definition (as elements of power set of attributes), we can simply randomly enumerate all the keys (that is associate to each key an number; formally speaking to specify an injection $ f:\mathcal{K} \to \mathbb{Z}, K \mapsto f(K)$ where $ \mathcal{K} \subset \Omega(A)$ )
and then treat them as numbers when working with b-trees. Is this exactly the correct connection or is there another deeper one and my approach is wrong?


text:
Counterintelligence Analyst - Mid
Amentum is seeking a Counterintelligence (CI) Analyst to support the DIA Office of Counterintelligence in Reston, VA. The Analyst will produce IC-coordinated all-source intelligence analytic products on foreign intelligence entities capabilities, intentions, willingness, and opportunities to threaten U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) personnel, resources, activities, and interests worldwide.
- Provides analytic support to senior officials, collectors, and operators throughout the DoD, IC, and law enforcement agencies/organizations and for DIA's CI programs, functions, and mission activities.
- Publish products unique to DIA to include, but not limited to, Defense Intelligence Digest (DID) articles and notes, Defense Intelligence Shorts, Response Memos, Defense Intelligence tabloids or graphics, and briefings. Products must follow DIA and Office of Director of National Intelligence analytic tradecraft standards and proper template formats.
- Research, review, edit, plan, prepare, integrate and publish all-source CI assessments to support OCI, DIA and/or DoD programs, functions, and mission activities.
- Conduct daily research of raw intelligence to identify potential threats to DoD personnel, activities, and interests. Contractor shall identify emerging threat trends and patterns and nominate strategic production when appropriate using a pre-analytical writing worksheet.
- Provide all-source analysis support to DoD CI Enterprise collectors and operators to improve awareness of all foreign intelligence threats to DoD personnel, resources, activities, and interests worldwide. Analytic support will include briefings and embedded analytic support to operations.
- Present formal and informational briefings on the current threats and defend CI analytic results to a variety of audiences in support of their CI and mission readiness
- Identify intelligence gaps, specify collection requirements to fill gaps in the information, and evaluate intelligence reporting through reports evaluation, source derived requirements (SDR), and collector engagement.
- Coordinate/collaborate with government/non-government agencies and CI organizations to exchange information on CI activities related to threats to DoD personnel, resources, activities, and interest worldwide and review draft production in accordance with DIA's analytic tradecraft guidance
- Coordinate and participate in working groups on CI and foreign intelligence threats to DoD personnel, resources, activities, and interest worldwide.
- Responsible for submitting after-action reports for external engagements and significant activities to the Government.
- Identify and articulate indicators of CI threats in support of developing strategies to mitigate risks to operational and strategic interests.
- Perform other duties as assigned.
- Must possess a current TS/SCI security clearance and be able to obtain a polygraph.
- Bachelor's degree preferred or equivalent experience and 4-8 years of job experience.
- Possesses deep understanding of counterintelligence topics to include global issues, emerging technologies, terrorism, health, etc. Preferably has experience running working groups, seminars, and conferences on aforementioned topics.
- Able to work and adapt in high paced environment.
- Ability to recognize all relevant information and produce objective assessments, free of any bias and be pertinent to client needs.
- Extensive skills in both written and oral communications is required.
- Working knowledge of computer systems and integrated software application programs; mastery of Department of Defense policies, procedures and tools.
Amentum is proud to be an Equal Opportunity Employer. Our hiring practices provide equal opportunity for employment without regard to race, religion, color, sex, gender, national origin, age, United States military veteran's status, ancestry, sexual orientation, marital status, family structure, medical condition including genetic characteristics or information, veteran status, or mental or physical disability so long as the essential functions of the job can be performed with or without reasonable accommodation, or any other protected category under federal, state, or local law.


text:
The arrival at a name can be
an interesting chain of impulses, thoughts and experiences. This chain
started with an Internet article on the research of Thomas Bugnyar on the
intelligence of ravens. The raven Hugin was the best at finding food in
colored film canisters and Munin would come along and steal it from him. Hugin
developed a new deceptive strategy of faking a food discovery and, while
Munin was occupied with the false site, would double back and eat from the
real site, demonstrating an undocumented intelligence.
The names resurfaced in my reading of Bernard Cornwell's historical novel
of the ninth century Danish invasion of England, The Last Kingdom. There
he explains that Hugin and Munin are the ravens that sit on the shoulders
of Odin and fly out in reconnaissance each day. Interest up, I 'googled'
Norse mythology and found that Hugin represents thought and Munin
memory. I think this is Bugnyar's subtle humor -- memory as a mugger of
I felt I was nearing a name with the idea that the mind at its fullest
rests in the center of the feedback -- from thought and the future on one
hand, and from memory, experience and the past on the other.
The final link in
finding a satisfactory name came with the discovery in Terry Johnston's
account of the 1868 Battle of Beecher Island in Colorado Territory. He
mentions the wise old plains Cheyenne leader, Two Crows. Crows are smaller
cousins to the raven, but the name has a better fit for one


Патч Suzi [en]
Родительская категория: Скрытый Категория: IRC 20.10.2009 16:52 Автор: Buster Просмотров: 14100 Печать
Eggdrop and non-latin characters.
Introduction.
It is known that popular irc-bot eggdrop (_URL_) has some troubles with non-latin characters. You can see a lot of messages on _URL_ forum (_URL_) under titles like "Some characters aren't correctly handled by the eggdrop".
Also I asked eggdrop's users, whose alphabet in general has Latin characters and in addition has Latin characters with diacritic signs (cedilla, diaeresis, caron, acute, etc.), about problem with these characters (for example: there are 'ÁČĎÉĚÍŇÓŘŠŤÚŮÝŽáčďéěíňóřšťúůýž' characters in Czech alphabet). Many of them said that they don't have any problems, because they can easily replace these characters with Latin characters without diacritic signs. One french-speaking friend said that the word 'garçon' (boy, fr.) can be written as 'garcon'. On the other hand, many people, whose native alphabet is Cyrillic or Greek answered positively. They have some problems with case sensitive binds that contains non-latin characters and sometimes bot even outputs 'trash' instead of expected characters.
1. Suzi project patch.
The patch intends to avoid problems listed below:
- problem with get/send/process strings which contain non-Latin characters in TCL interpreter when encoding system is not iso8859-1 (also there are problems even if encoding system is iso8859-1)
- problem with 'case sensitive' and 'not matching' binds, which contains non-Latin characters in match part
- problem with 'set nick "non-Latin-characters"'
- problem with stripping characters with code 255 in party line or DCC chat
- problem with DCC commands '.chhandle' and '.handle' and their TCL analogs
- problem with detecting locale encoding
Although, this problems have the relationship between themselves and if you fix one also will be fixed the other, I've separated and sorted them by 'severity'.
Of course, the patch is not revolutionary, ideas implemented by the patch were discussed many times in various forums. But I've not seen the realization yet. This patch replaces calls TCL API function which requires well formed utf-8 strings as input/output arguments to wrappers that convert strings which come in locale encoding to utf-8 and back.
After applying patch you avoid ALL problems described below and your bots will work as expected at any test.
2. Problem details
So, if you haven't believed me yet, follow the detailed explanation of each problem.
I have bot installed in '~/eggdrop' compiled from original sources (without any patch). Version of eggdrop is 1.8.16, TCL is 8.4.13.
2.1. Problem with get/send/process strings which contain non-Latin characters.
This problem has long history, but it's not still solved. There is a particular solution for some languages, but I haven't seen really universal one. Problem has appeared when TCL's developers changed internal and external API of TCL library to Unicode (since version 8.1.0, but I'm not sure). Now functions of TCL library require well formed utf-8 strings as input argument and return also utf-8 encoded string (with some exception). Alas, eggdrop internals do not meet this requirement. It has been changed partially, but not at all.
Let users on some IRC server use cp1251 encoding for chat. We have configured the bot connected to an IRC server and a small script for testing purposes that was loaded via 'source scripts/test.cp1251.tcl' command in eggdrop's configuration file:
'scripts/test.cp1251.tcl' (script contains characters in cp1251 encoding):
 bind pub -|- {!test} test_handler
bind pub -|- {!тест} test_handler
proc test_handler { unick uhost uhandle uchannel utext } {
set text [string toupper "$unick on $uchannel, you said (ты сказал): $utext ([encoding system])"]
putserv "PRIVMSG $channel :$text"
}
Test it on channel #eggtes (bot run in locale en_US.iso8859-1)
 < lynxy> !test abcd абвг
<eggbot> LYNXY ON #EGGTEST, YOU SAID (ТЫ СКАЗАЛ): ABCD абвг (ISO8859-1)
< lynxy> !tEsT abcd абвг
<eggbot> LYNXY ON #EGGTEST, YOU SAID (ТЫ СКАЗАЛ): ABCD абвг (ISO8859-1)
< lynxy> !тест abcd абвг
< lynxy> !тЕсТ abcd абвг
There are two problems. The first problem is that 'bind' for '!тест' does not work and the second one is that 'string toupper' converts both Latin and Cyrillic characters which are in the body of the script, but Cyrillic characters in the input string are left unchanged.
Why does 'bind' not work?
Go to bot's party line and type '.binds'
 .binds
[13:26] tcl: builtin dcc call: *dcc:binds lynxy 7
[13:26] #lynxy# binds
Command bindings:
TYPE FLGS COMMAND HITS BINDING (TCL)
evnt -|- init-server 1 evnt:init_server
pub -|- !B5AB 0 test_handler
pub -|- !test 2 test_handler
Wow! The second bind is wrong! I wrote '!тест' for match, but I've got strange '!B5AB' sequence. Look at the table below: the first two columns are Cyrillic letter and corresponding Unicode code, the second two columns are Latin letter and its Unicode code:
 +---+------+---+------+
| 1 | uni | 2 | uni |
+---+------+---+------+
| т | 0442 | B | 0042 |
| е | 0435 | 5 | 0035 |
| с | 0441 | A | 0041 |
| т | 0442 | B | 0042 |
+---+------+---+------+
Seems that 'bind' just takes only the lower byte of each Unicode character.
Why 'string toupper' does not work properly with non-Latin characters?
The string is received from IRC server in cp1251 encoding and when eggdrop's core sets values of TCL variables and calls the handler it does not convert this string from cp1251 to utf-8 (as required by TCL API) and TCL function 'string toupper' can't process these characters properly.
Ok, now I know why it happens. Let's change the script by applying 'encoding convertfrom' to string that is passed to TCL interpreter by eggdrop's C-code and 'encoding convertto' to string that is sent to C-code.
Also we must run bot in locale with proper encoding, because eggdrop uses functions from C library like 'strcasecmp()', 'tolower()', 'toupper()' with locale depended behaviour.
'scripts/test.cp1251.tcl':
 bind pub -|- {!test} test_handler
bind pub -|- [encoding convertto {!тест}] test_handler
proc test_handler { unick uhost uhandle uchannel utext } {
set nick [encoding convertfrom $unick]
set channel [encoding convertfrom $uchannel]
set text [encoding convertfrom $utext]
set str [string toupper "$nick on $channel, you said (ты сказал): $text ([encoding system])"]
putserv [encoding convertto "PRIVMSG $channel :$text"]
}
And run bot in locale with cp1251 encoding:
user@sys:~/eggdrop> LANG=ru_RU.cp1251 ./eggdrop
Test:
 < lynxy> !test SoMe TeXt нЕкИй ТеКсТ
<eggbot> LYNXY ON #EGGTEST, YOU SAID (ТЫ СКАЗАЛ): SOME TEXT НЕКИЙ ТЕКСТ (CP1251)
< lynxy> !tEsT SoMe TeXt нЕкИй ТеКсТ
<eggbot> LYNXY ON #


Are Horseradish Leaves Poisonous?
Recipes for preparing horseradish leaves (Armoracia rusticana) abound, along with dire warnings about their toxicity. No wonder this topic is so confusing. Horseradishes belong to the Brassica family, and are similar to turnips (Brassica rapa). As such, their leaves, as well as the roots, produce glucosinolates, which are the enzymes that give the roots their spicy flavor. In large amounts, these enzymes might be toxic, but in most cases, eating horseradish is safe.
Human Consumption
Native to Eastern Europe and Russia, horseradish root has been used for centuries in cooking. During the 1600s, it was used to flavor roasted meat, and in 1869, John Henry Heinz bottled and sold his mother's horseradish sauce. The sauce is still sold today. Although less common, the leaves can be used like turnip greens or mustard greens, as a pot vegetable, and are often sold at farmers markets. The greens are safe to eat, although in large amounts any part of the plant can cause stomach irritation, disorientation and profuse sweating, advises North Carolina State University Extension.
All parts of the horseradish plant, including the roots and leaves, are toxic to livestock animals, such as horses, cows, goats and sheep. The volatile oils can cause severe stomach inflammation and can be fatal.
The ASPCA maintains a comprehensive list of plants that are toxic to cats and dogs. Horseradish does not appear on either of these lists. Other sources say horseradish may be toxic to cats. In any event, a few leaves probably won't cause problems, but pets shouldn't eat horseradish in quantity.
Horseradish is a perennial vegetable that grows in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 4 through 8, although it's usually treated as an annual. Plant it in early spring, in slightly moist, loam soil and full sun. The plants can be harvested in late fall. The leaves should be used immediately, while the roots can be stored in moist sawdust or in the refrigerator for several months. Save a few roots for next season's planting. Once harvested, the leaves can be roasted, steamed, boiled or added to the soup pot.


text:
Background: Gentian violet dye released from industries into the environment has caused serious water pollution and is a significant environmental pollutant to human beings owing to the toxicity. It is urgent to decrease environmental pollution by removing gentian violet in the wastewater.
Objective: The aim is to synthesize hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites by a simple hydrothermal method without surfactants and research the photocatalytic performance for gentian violet degradation.
Methods: Hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites have been obtained via the hydrothermal method. The structure, size, morphology and photocatalytic performance were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, solid ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Results: The nanocomposites possess oven-shaped morphology with the size of less than 100 nm and are composed of hexagonal SrSn(OH)6 and tetragonal SnO2 phases. The band gap of the nanocomposites is 3.52 eV. 10 mg hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites have the ability to completely degrade 10 mL gentian violet solution with the concentration of 10 mgL-1 under 6 h ultraviolet-visible light irradiation. Hydroxyl radical, hole and superoxide radical are the main species for the gentian violet photocatalytic degradation using the nanocomposites.
Conclusion: The hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites show good photocatalytic performance for the GV degradation. The photocatalytic performance for gentian violet degradation using the hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites depends on the irradiation time and content of the nanocomposites.
Read more: _URL_


text:
Partial probability distribution
A concept that's useful for some of my research: a partial probability distribution.
That's a Q that defines Q(A∣B) for some but not all A and B (with Q(A)=Q(A∣Ω) for Ω being the whole set of outcomes).
This Q is a partial probability distribution iff there exists a probability distribution P that is equal to Q wherever Q is defined. Call this P a full extension of Q.
Suppose that Q(C∣D) is not defined. We can, however, say that Q(C∣D)=x is a logical implication of Q if all full extension P has P(C∣D)=x.
Eg: Q(A), Q(B), Q(A∪B) will logically imply the value of Q(A∩B).
This is a special case of a crisp infradistribution: Q(A|B)=t is equivalent to Q(A∩B)=tQ(B), a linear equation in Q, so the set of all Q's satisfying it is convex closed.
Thanks! That's useful to know.
Sounds like a special case of crisp infradistributions (ie, all partial probability distributions have a unique associated crisp infradistribution)Given some Q, we can consider the (nonempty) set of probability distributions equal to Q where Q is defined. This set is convex (clearly, a mixture of two probability distributions which agree with Q about the probability of an event will also agree with Q about the probability of an event).Convex (compact) sets of probability distributions = crisp infradistributions.


text:
|(One intermediate revision by one user not shown)|
Revision as of 21:53, 3 December 2012
Völuspá ("Prophecy of the Seeress") is the first poem of the Poetic Edda, a collection of Old Norse poems. J.R.R. Tolkien was influenced greatly by the saga, and Christopher Tolkien even suggests that "those Dwarf-names in The Hobbit provided the whole starting-point for the Mannish languages in Middle-earth"
In particular almost all of the names of the dwarves of Middle-earth, as well as Gandalf's, are taken from a section of the Völuspá called the Dvergatal (the "Catalogue of Dwarves").[note 1] The Dvergatal is contained in stanzas 10–16:
- ↑ The Dvergatal is now considered a later interpolation, and is often omitted from newer editions of Völuspá.
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "The Appendix on Languages", Commentary to §58
- ↑ Charles B. Noad, "Review: The Peoples of Middle-earth (The History of Middle-earth XII)" at Tolkiensociety.org. See section "Dwarvish and Mannish Related". Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 25, (dated February 1938)


Understanding Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
Delve into the mysterious world of Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome and unlock the secrets behind this rare and intriguing phenomenon.
Understanding Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome is a unique and complex condition that affects individuals who were conceived as part of a multiple pregnancy but ended up being the sole survivor. While it may not be widely recognized, it is important to shed light on this condition to increase understanding and support for those who experience it. In this article, we will explore the different aspects of Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome and delve into its psychological, physical, and long-term effects.
Defining Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome, also known as WTSS, is a term used to describe the psychological and physical manifestations that individuals who were the sole survivors of a multiple pregnancy may experience. In simpler terms, it refers to the unique set of challenges faced by those who were meant to share the womb with another sibling but ended up surviving alone. It is believed that around 20% of all pregnancies begin as multiples, making WTSS more prevalent than one might think.
When a pregnancy starts as multiples, it is an awe-inspiring phenomenon. Two or more tiny lives begin to form, sharing the same space, nourished by the same mother. However, sometimes, fate takes an unexpected turn, and one of the twins does not make it. This is where Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome comes into play, shining a light on the profound impact it can have on those who survive.
The Psychological Impact of Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
The psychological impact of WTSS is profound and can affect individuals in various ways. Some survivors may experience deep feelings of guilt or loss due to the absence of their twin sibling. These emotions can manifest themselves in a range of psychological challenges such as anxiety, depression, or difficulty forming close relationships. The survivor may wonder why they were the one who made it, questioning their worthiness and feeling a sense of responsibility for their twin's absence.
Imagine growing up with a constant sense of longing, a void that cannot be filled. The survivor may find themselves yearning for a connection that was lost before they even had a chance to experience it. This longing can be overwhelming, leading to a sense of emptiness that permeates their daily lives. It takes immense strength and resilience to navigate these complex emotions and find a sense of peace.
Furthermore, the survivor may struggle with their identity. They may question who they would have been if their twin had survived alongside them. Would they have been different? Would their lives have taken a different path? These questions can haunt their thoughts, causing a constant search for meaning and purpose.
It is essential to recognize the unique journey that Womb Twin Survivors undertake and provide the necessary support and understanding to help them navigate these complex emotions. Therapy and support groups can offer a safe space for survivors to share their experiences, find solace in the company of others who understand, and begin the healing process.
The Physical Manifestations of Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
While the psychological impact of WTSS is well-documented, the physical manifestations are less commonly explored. Survivors may experience a range of health issues, including autoimmune disorders, allergies, or chronic illnesses. Research suggests that the absence of a twin in the womb may lead to changes in the development of the survivor's immune system, making them more susceptible to certain conditions.
Imagine the delicate balance that occurs within the womb as multiple embryos grow and develop. They interact with each other, influencing their immune systems and shaping their health. When one twin does not survive, it disrupts this delicate equilibrium, potentially leaving the survivor more vulnerable to health challenges.
Autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, may be more prevalent in Womb Twin Survivors. The intricate dance between the immune system and the absence of their twin's immune response can create imbalances that lead to these conditions. Allergies, too, may be more common, as the survivor's immune system may overreact to certain substances without the moderating influence of their twin.
Understanding and addressing the physical implications of WTSS is crucial to ensure the well-being and overall health of survivors. Medical professionals should be aware of the potential health risks associated with this syndrome and provide appropriate care and support. By taking a holistic approach, we can support Womb Twin Survivors in both their physical and psychological journeys.
The Science Behind Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
Exploring the science behind Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome (WTSS) can shed light on why some individuals experience this condition while others do not. WTSS is a unique phenomenon that occurs when one twin absorbs the other during pregnancy, resulting in the survival of only one twin. This condition has fascinated scientists and researchers for years, leading to numerous studies and investigations.
Both genetics and the environment play significant roles in the development of WTSS. Understanding these factors can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms behind this condition and potentially pave the way for preventive measures and interventions.
The Role of Genetics in Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
Genetics play a key role in the potential occurrence of WTSS. Certain genetic factors can impact the likelihood of a multiple pregnancy and the survival of both embryos. Researchers have identified specific genes that may influence the development of WTSS, although further studies are needed to fully comprehend their exact mechanisms.
One such gene is the HLA-G gene, which is involved in regulating the immune system during pregnancy. Studies have shown that variations in this gene may affect the immune response, potentially increasing the risk of one twin absorbing the other. Additionally, other genetic markers related to the formation of the placenta and the development of the fetal organs have also been implicated in WTSS.
Understanding these genetic markers can contribute to early identification and intervention if necessary. Genetic testing during pregnancy may help identify individuals at higher risk of WTSS, allowing healthcare professionals to closely monitor the pregnancy and provide appropriate care.
The Impact of Environment on Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
The environment during pregnancy, including factors such as maternal stress or nutrition, can influence the outcome of a multiple pregnancy. Research suggests that certain environmental variables may increase the risk of one twin absorbing the other, leading to WTSS.
Maternal stress, for example, has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including the development of WTSS. High levels of stress hormones circulating in the mother's bloodstream may affect the delicate balance between the two embryos, potentially leading to the absorption of one twin by the other.
Nutrition is another crucial factor that can impact the development of WTSS. A well-balanced and nutrient-rich diet during pregnancy is essential for the healthy growth of both embryos. Inadequate nutrition may compromise the development of one twin, increasing the likelihood of absorption by the other.
Raising awareness about the importance of a healthy and supportive environment during pregnancy is crucial to mitigate the occurrence of WTSS. Healthcare professionals play a vital role in educating expectant parents about the impact of environmental factors and providing guidance on stress management techniques and proper nutrition.
In conclusion, the science behind Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome is a complex and fascinating field of study. By unraveling the genetic and environmental factors at play, researchers aim to improve our understanding of this condition and develop strategies to prevent its occurrence. Continued research and awareness are essential to ensure the well-being of individuals affected by WTSS and their families.
Coping Mechanisms for Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
Living with WTSS can be a challenging and complex experience. However, there are various coping mechanisms and strategies that can help individuals navigate the unique obstacles they face.
Therapeutic Approaches for Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
Therapeutic interventions, such as counseling or psychotherapy, can provide survivors with a safe space to express their emotions, process their grief, and develop effective coping strategies. These approaches can help individuals build resilience and enhance their overall mental well-being.
Self-Care Strategies for Womb Twin Survivors
Self-care is essential for individuals living with WTSS. Engaging in activities that promote self-reflection, self-compassion, and self-care can play a crucial role in managing the challenges associated with WTSS. This may include practices like meditation, journaling, physical exercise, or connecting with others who share similar experiences.
The Long-Term Effects of Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
WTSS has long-term effects that extend beyond the immediate psychological or physical challenges.
Emotional and Psychological Consequences
The emotional and psychological consequences of WTSS can persist throughout an individual's life. It is important to acknowledge and address these long-term effects to promote healing and well-being. Therapy, support groups, and ongoing self-care practices can help manage and alleviate these challenges.
Physical Health Implications
WTSS can have enduring implications on physical health. Survivors may need to monitor their health more closely and be aware of potential health conditions that can arise as a result of WTSS. Regular medical check-ups and a proactive approach to healthcare can help identify and manage any physical symptoms or conditions effectively.
Debunking Myths about Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
Despite being a real and significant condition, WTSS is often surrounded by misconceptions and stereotypes. It is essential to dispel these myths to foster understanding and support for those living with WTSS.
Common Misconceptions and Stereotypes
One common misconception is that individuals who experience WTSS do not need support because they were too young to remember their twin. However, the psychological and physical impact of WTSS can still be significant, regardless of the survivor's ability to recall the loss. Shedding light on these misconceptions can promote empathy and create a more inclusive environment for those affected by WTSS.
The Truth about Womb Twin Survivor Syndrome
Understanding the truth about WTSS is essential to combat misunderstandings and promote accurate information. WTSS is


in the symbol name with (''S'') or
-without (''s'') offsets. If KALLSYMS are disabled then the symbol
-address is printed instead.
+The ''F'' and ''f'' specifiers are for printing function pointers, for
+example, f->func, &gettimeofday. They have the same result as ''S'' and
+''s'' specifiers. But they do an extra conversion on ia64, ppc64 and
+parisc64 architectures where the function pointers are actually function
+descriptors.
+
+The ''S'' and ''s'' specifiers can be used for printing symbols from direct
+addresses, for example, __builtin_return_address(0), (void *)regs->ip. They
+result in the symbol name with (S) or without (s) offsets. If KALLSYMS are
+disabled then the symbol address is printed instead.

 The ''B'' specifier results in the symbol name with offsets and should be
-used when printing stack backtraces. The specifier takes into
-consideration the effect of compiler optimisations which may occur
-when tail-call''s are used and marked with the noreturn GCC attribute.
+used when printing stack backtraces. The specifier takes into consideration
+the effect of compiler optimisations which may occur when tail-call's are
+used and marked with the noreturn GCC attribute.

 Examples::

@@ -96,34 +107,34 @@ Examples::
 printk("Faulted at %pS\n", (void *)regs->ip);
 printk(" %s%pB\n", (reliable ? "" : "? "), (void *)*stack);

-Kernel Pointers
-===============
+Kernel pointers
+---------------

 ::

 %pK 01234567 or 0123456789abcdef

 For printing kernel pointers which should be hidden from unprivileged
-users. The behaviour of ''%pK'' depends on the ''kptr_restrict sysctl'' - see
+users. The behaviour of %pK depends on the kptr_restrict sysctl - see
 Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt for more details.

-Unmodified Addresses
-====================
+Unmodified addresses
+--------------------

 ::

 %px 01234567 or 0123456789abcdef

-For printing pointers when you _really_ want to print the address. Please
+For printing pointers when you *really* want to print the address. Please
 consider whether or not you are leaking sensitive information about the
-Kernel layout in memory before printing pointers with %px. %px is
-functionally equivalent to %lx. %px is preferred to %lx because it is more
+kernel memory layout before printing pointers with %px. %px is functionally
+equivalent to %lx (or %lu). %px, however, is preferable because it is more
 uniquely grep'able. If, in the future, we need to modify the way the Kernel
-handles printing pointers it will be nice to be able to find the call
+handles printing pointers we will be better equipped to find the call
 sites.

-Struct Resources
-================
+Struct resources
+----------------

 ::

@@ -133,43 +144,48 @@ Struct Resources
 [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000006fffffff pref]

 For printing struct resources. The ''R'' and ''r'' specifiers result in a
-printed resource with (''R'') or without (''r'') a decoded flags member.
+printed resource with (R) or without (r) a decoded flags member.
+
 Passed by reference.

-Physical addresses types ''phys_addr_t''
-========================================
+Physical address types phys_addr_t
+----------------------------------

 ::

 %pa[p] 0x01234567 or 0x0123456789abcdef

-For printing a ''phys_addr_t'' type (and its derivatives, such as
-''resource_size_t'') which can vary based on build options, regardless of
-the width of the CPU data path. Passed by reference.
+For printing a phys_addr_t type (and its derivatives, such as
+resource_size_t) which can vary based on build options, regardless of the
+width of the CPU data path.

-DMA addresses types ''dma_addr_t''
-==================================
+Passed by reference.
+
+DMA address types dma_addr_t
+----------------------------

 ::

 %pad 0x01234567 or 0x0123456789abcdef

-For printing a ''dma_addr_t'' type which can vary based on build options,
-regardless of the width of the CPU data path. Passed by reference.
+For printing a dma_addr_t type which can vary based on build options,
+regardless of the width of the CPU data path.
+
+Passed by reference.

 Raw buffer as an escaped string
-===============================
+-------------------------------

 ::

 %*pE[achnops]

-For printing raw buffer as an escaped string. For the following buffer::
+For printing raw a buffer as an escaped string. For the following buffer::

 1b 62 20 5c 43 07 22 90 0d 5d

-few examples show how the conversion would be done (the result string
-without surrounding quotes)::
+A few examples show how the conversion would be done (excluding surrounding
+quotes)::

 %*pE "\eb \C\a"\220\r]"
 %*pEhp "\x1bb \C\x07"\x90\x0d]"
@@ -179,23 +195,23 @@ The conversion rules are applied according to an optional combination
 of flags (see :c:func:'string_escape_mem' kernel documentation for the
 details):

- - ''a'' - ESCAPE_ANY
- - ''c'' - ESCAPE_SPECIAL
- - ''h'' - ESCAPE_HEX
- - ''n'' - ESCAPE_NULL
- - ''o'' - ESCAPE_OCTAL
- - ''p'' - ESCAPE_NP
- - ''s'' - ESCAPE_SPACE
+ - a - ESCAPE_ANY
+ - c - ESCAPE_SPECIAL
+ - h - ESCAPE_HEX
+ - n - ESCAPE_NULL
+ - o - ESCAPE_OCTAL
+ - p - ESCAPE_NP
+ - s - ESCAPE_SPACE

 By default ESCAPE_ANY_NP is used.

 ESCAPE_ANY_NP is the sane choice for many cases, in particularly for
 printing SSIDs.

-If field width is omitted the 1 byte only will be escaped.
+If field width is omitted then 1 byte only will be escaped.

 Raw buffer as a hex string
-==========================
+--------------------------

 ::

@@ -204,12 +220,12 @@ Raw buffer as a hex string
 %*phD 00-01-02- ... -3f
 %*phN 000102 ... 3f

-For printing a small buffers (up to 64 bytes long) as a hex string with
-certain separator. For the larger buffers consider to use
+For printing small buffers (up to 64 bytes long) as a


text:
06 Oct 2022 Recommendation for the eIDAS toolbox
Eurosmart, the Voice of the Digital Security Industry, started working on digital identity topics in 1999 – long before the eIDAS Regulation was even enacted. The association has developed strong expertise in the field, including standardisation aspects.
In this new document, Eurosmart would like to focus on specific points that deserve attention in the context of the eIDAS toolbox. This document builds on the set of technical guidelines that Eurosmart prepared at the beginning of the year.
Eurosmart's recommendation concerns six topics:
- Security and data protection
- Specific functionalities of the Wallet that need to be considered in the design phase or for which there is a lack of standardisation
- The level of trust that relying parties can place in the attestations of attributes
- Gatekeepers' ecosystems
- Governance aspects
- The format of attestations of attributes
In addition, readers will find an Annexe that compiles standards per Wallet functionality.
For the eIDAS toolbox, the most relevant European standardisation working groups are CEN/TC 224/ WG 17 and WG 20) and ETSI TC ESI. Their past and ongoing work is particularly useful for the eIDAS toolbox and often mentioned in this paper.Eurosmart_recommendation_eIDAS_toolbox_FINAL


text:
The North Dakota Industrial Commission has oversight of the Outdoor Heritage Fund. The Outdoor Heritage Fund Advisory Board, consisting of 12 voting and 4 ex-officio members, shall make recommendations to the Commission on the funding of grants.
Priority is given to projects that enhance conservation practices in the state by:
- Directive A - Providing access to private and public lands for sportsmen, including projects that create fish and wildlife habitat and provide access for sportsmen;
- Directive B - Improving, maintaining and restoring water quality, soil conditions, plant diversity, animal systems, and by supporting other practices of stewardship to enhance farming and ranching;
- Directive C - Developing, enhancing, conserving, and restoring wildlife and fish habitat on private and public lands; and
- Directive D - Conserving natural areas and creating other areas for recreation through the establishment and development of parks and other recreation areas
Next Grant Round Deadline Date: May 1, 2024
There is created a North Dakota outdoor heritage fund that is governed by the commission. Any money deposited in the fund is appropriated on a continuing basis to the commission for the purposes of this chapter. Interest earned by the fund must be credited to the fund. The commission shall keep accurate records of all financial transactions performed under this chapter.