text:
Six Deaf people with additional disabilities
- share their experiences and insights
- give suggestions on how we can develop an inclusive NZSL community
The information shared is relevant for others who know and work with Deaf people with disabilities in education, in services, in the workplace or within your family.
The six topics are:
1. Being Deaf and Disabled
Describing experiences and feelings as Deaf people with additional disabilities.
2. Our Identity
Talking about identities and self-awareness insights
3. Different Worlds
Sharing experiences when navigating the Deaf world, hearing world and the disability world
4. Feeling Equal
Discussing thoughts about equality and inclusion.
5. Our Challenges
Explaining some of the challenges faced
6. Being an Inclusive NZSL Community
Guidance for creating an inclusive NZSL community
Thanks to the NZSL Board for funding this project.


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Lord of the Forest
Tāne Mahuta is a giant Kauri tree (Agathis Australis) in the Waipoua Forest of Northland Region, New Zealand. Its age is unknown, but is estimated to be between 1,250 and 2,500 years It is the largest kauri known to stand today.
The tree is a remnant of the ancient subtropical rainforest that once grew on the North Auckland Peninsula. Other giant Kauri are found nearby, notably Te Matua Ngahere. Tāne Mahuta is the most famous tree in New Zealand, along with Te Matua Ngahere. It is thought it was discovered and identified in the 1920s when contractors surveyed the present State Highway 12 route through the forest. In 1928 Nicholas Yakas and other bushmen, who was building the road, also identified the tree

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In statistics, the midhinge is the average of the first and third quartiles and is thus a measure of location. Equivalently, it is the 25% trimmed mid-range or 25% midsummary; it is an L-estimator.
The midhinge is complemented by the H-spread, or interquartile range, which is the difference of the third and first quartiles and which is a measure of statistical dispersion, in sense that if one knows the midhinge and the interquartile range, one can find the first and third quartiles.
The use of the term "hinge" for the lower or upper quartiles derives from John Tukey's work on exploratory data analysis,[1] and "midhinge" is a fairly modern term dating from around that time. The midhinge is slightly simpler to calculate than the trimean, which originated in the same context and equals the average of the median and the midhinge.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Tukey, J.W. (1977) Exploratory Data Analysis, Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-07616-0
External links[edit]


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Classroom Management Skills For Young Learners
The American TESOL Institute is a pioneer in world education. It has left a mark world wide because of its contribution in the field of education. However, we have come to realize that education does not only include academics, but classroom management also plays a major role at all levels, whether Primary or secondary. Classroom Management goes much beyond the classroom whereby the teacher is expected to meet the demands of varied students and also cater to their needs. The trainee teacher during the Teacher Diploma Course is trained to handle the students very tactfully, especially in a young Learner class. We believe that teaching is actually a People's Management Skill whereby in a very subtle manner the teacher creates a suitable learning situation. Most Primary teachers may be teaching from different books and following different techniques and methodology but all of them are confronted with the same problem, that of classroom management. So, in the Pre Primary Teacher training Diploma Course a lot of emphasis is laid on effective classroom management as this ultimately leads to effective teaching and learning. We, in the teacher certificate course understand and respect the fact that no Young Learner class can be similar and so are teachers are trained to be flexible and change, alter and adjust according to the needs of the students. A Young Learner teacher is expected to be equipped with the professional skills along the sensitiveness and flexibility of a teacher. The course equips the trainee teachers with a clear understanding of the intricacies and tactful handling of a Young Learner class. Emphasis is given to discipline, Classroom layout, different classroom activities, students' background, teacher-student relationship and last but not the least disaster management and emergency management, which is considered to be an integral part of classroom management.
Basic points of the Pre & Primary Teachers Training Course or TESOL Young Learners

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Date of this Version
Ad Hoc Networks 53 (2016), pp. 79–93.
Network-coded cooperative communications (NC-CC) refers to the use of network coding (NC) in cooperative communications (CC). Prior studies have shown that NC has the potential to improve the performance of CC when there are multiple sessions in the wireless network. These studies were done for the case when multiple sessions are sharing a single relay node. However, how NC-CC behaves when multiple relay nodes are employed remains an open problem. In this paper, we explore this problem by analyzing the achievable rate of each session in this setting. We develop closed form formulas for the mutual information and the achievable data rate for each session. We show that prior results for a single relay is a special case of our result. Based on these findings, we then study a network optimization problem that requires joint optimization of session grouping, relay node grouping, and matching of session/relay groups. We show that this problem is NP-hard, and present a polynomial time heuristic algorithm to solve this problem. Using simulation results, we show this algorithm is highly competitive and can produce results that are near to optimality.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


TY - JOUR T1 - Sleep and cardiac rhythm in the gray seal JF - Science JO - Science SP - 553 LP - 555 DO - 10.1126/science.163484 VL - 187 IS - 4176 AU - Ridgway, SH AU - Harrison, RJ AU - Joyce, PL Y1 - 1975/02/14 UR - _URL_ N2 - Telemetric studies of electroencephalograms, electrocardiograms, and electroculograms and concurrent observations of behavior revealed that seals can sleep underwater, on the surface, or while hauled out. Rapid eye movement preceded slow wave sleep and was accompanied by increased respiratory rate and rhythmic tachycardia. While slow wave sleep occurred under all sleep conditions, rapid eye movement occurred only when a seal was hanging at the water surface or hauled out, never underwater. ER -


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Goals for the EASE Project
Due to high rates of change, growth in scale, and cost increases, improving productivity and reliability are important tasks for software development. In the EASE project, we aim at practicing the empirical approach, the same approach adopted by other scientific and engineering fields, including measurement, analysis and evaluation, and feedback for improvement.
The goals for this project are as follows:
- Construction of an empirical environment
- Distribution of the empirical environment and application to real projects
- Accumulation of knowledge derived from empirical data and its analysis
- Improvement of productivity and quality for adopting organizations
Promotional strategy for the EASE project
Collect data from enterprises for the project.
Validation of analysis results
Validate the results of data analyzed in cooperation with universities.
Adoption of models and knowledge
The lab adopts effective models and best practices as expertise and knowledge.
Feedback knowledge and expertise relating to the purpose.


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Tetra Tech worked with Québec City, Québec, to design and implement cost-saving flood protection solutions using real-time control (RTC) with forecasting capabilities.
Following Hurricane Rita in September 2005, the Lorette River flooded the Wilfrid-Hamel Boulevard area. Tetra Tech prepared the Lorette River Drainage Master Plan for the City of Québec and designed and implemented an RTC solution that controls flooding conditions for a centennial storm event. The solution decreases flood occurrences in developed areas, tributary streams, and along the Lorette River for both existing and future conditions.
- Flood control covering a 26-square-mile area for a centennial storm event
- Minimized footprint of retention basins to less than 12.4 acres (5 hectares) to reduce permitting burden
- RTC system accounts for travel time and hydrologic time of concentration between one and three hours
- Real-time modeling provides a 12-hour flow trend based on weather radar forecast
The use of RTC ensures effective operation of the flood protection system and significantly decreased construction costs by reducing retention basin size. The flood protection solution includes two 26-million-gallon (100-thousand-cubic-meter) retention basins along the two main tributary creeks, as well as new pumping stations and control of storage location gates to secure hydraulic levels in the downstream urban sectors of the Lorette River.
The RTC solution uses data from sensors and rainfall forecasts to predict future flows using a real-time hydraulic model that looks more than 12 hours into the future. The RTC system operates components of the stormwater management infrastructure to optimize the system performance, changing system settings at the right time to ensure the rainfall/hydraulic peak response is caught in storage, and thereby preventing sensitive areas from flooding. System information is communicated via a comprehensive chart tool for the benefit of system operators and the City's administrative and emergency staff.


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A Practical Guide to Collaborative Writing Assignments in Financial Accounting Courses
The accounting profession has recently stressed the importance of including formal writing assignments in the accounting curriculum. Since most accounting educators do not have training in the design, execution and evaluation of writing assignments, implementing such changes has proven difficult. Furthermore, the accounting literature provides few detailed examples of continually relevant projects that instructors can easily adopt. This paper highlights the role that a collaborative writing assignment can play in accounting education and provides instructors with practical guidance in the use of such an assignment. The group writing exercise described here: (1) familiarize students with the conceptual and practical aspects of the financial accounting standard-setting process, (2) emphasizes the importance of written communication skills to accountants, (3) provides students with the opportunity to practice their analytical and critical thinking skills using a writing-to-learn approach, and (4) requires students to organize and synthesize their communications for a particular audience.
|Main Author:||Catanach, Anthony|
|Other Authors:||Rhoades, Shelley|


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As a mark of their friendship, Stone Age besties may have given and wore bits of ornate slate rings. According to recent study, these ornaments might have been intentionally shattered and presented as a mark of a social tie, similar to modern-day friendship bracelets or broken heart BFF necklaces. Nothing screams friendship like a bit of shattered rock, after all. The 5,000-year-old rings were discovered in Finland, and their discovery was the subject of a paper published in the Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory.
The rings were widely created and shared by hunter-gatherer cultures in north-eastern Europe as early as the 4th millennium BCE. Because the rings are composed of slate or tuffs, both of which are fragile and easily broken, it's common to suppose that they were shattered due to natural wear and tear. The latest study, on the other hand, shows differently. The rings were never meant to be entire, according to the writers. Instead, they were made to be broken apart and turned into pendants, which were most likely meant to represent individual and community social interactions.
A considerable percentage of the rings – one-third – were determined to have come from Lake Onega in Russia, hundreds of kilometers away from the discovery site in Finland. Some of the fragments may indicate social interactions developed within this network, as they were carried across Europe as part of a large trade network. The scientists from the University of Helsinki and the University of Turku were able to verify the rings were purposefully shattered and subsequently worn as personal decorations after methodically fitting the shards back together, examining their geochemical makeup, and looking for evidence of wear. At the ends of shards, they discovered indications of tool use, as well as finishing elements such as fixing holes.
Fragments from the same ring were frequently discovered in two separate places and had distinct finishes, suggesting that they were worn by two different persons, maybe a pair of long-distance friends. "These bits of the same thing might reveal two people's handprints and preferences." "Perhaps they wore the pendants as a symbol of an established bond," lead author Dr. Marja Ahola said in a statement.
And it's possible that the rings were designed to commemorate more than simply personal ties. Fragments were found in abundance in major, central settlement sites — presumably meeting locations for social events. The authors speculate that tokens were provided to both the venues and the guests of such meetings, explaining their popularity in these places.
The scientists also discovered evidence that the fragments were utilized to build a link between the living and the dead. One piece was discovered at the settlement site, while another was discovered at a nearby burial site, not from the same ring but fashioned from the same stone and using the same manufacturing procedure.
"What we're seeing here might be one method to keep the living and the dead connected." This is also the first time a definite material link has been established between a specific dwelling and a burial location. To put it another way, the folks who lived there most likely buried their deceased nearby," Ahola added. Much has changed in the previous 5,000 years, yet our urge to demonstrate our ties with others via jewelry has been constant, from Stone Age slate to 21st-century baubles.


sound encloses any number of clip tags, each loads a sound to make available for actions to play.
The sound tags must be at the top level of the XML Source (outside of any tags).
Each sound clip has the following attributes:
 - id: Any unique ID to identify the sound clip. If the same ID is used by multiple sound clips, then the last loaded clip replaces the existing one.
 - url: Relative or absolute URL of an MP3 sound clip to play.
 - stream: The number of seconds to preload and buffer the sound before making it available for playing. This can be used to stream large clips and start playing before they are fully loaded.
 - timeout: The number of seconds to wait before the clip loading times out. The default is 30 seconds.
 - retry: The number of times to try loading the clip before displaying a loading error message. The default is 2 (try twice).
Sound Scope
The sound tags can be placed within any object and used by any other object. However, they must be loaded with or before the object that makes use of them.
To make sounds available to all objects immediately, place the sound tags at the top level of the XML Source (outside of any tags).
Playing a Sound
Use actions to play sound clips loaded with the tags. Actions can be triggered by events that can be a user click, billboard activity, or a timer triggered after a time delay.

 Play

Copyright © 2010-2021,


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Responsibility of citizen to keep city clean and green godliness hi friend , we can keep our city clean only if the people of our city think like us without public. Of clean communities citizens said that the government must do its part to keep the city clean clean&green activities. Citizen foundation take ownership of our own responsibility as citizen members appel to all citizens to keep our city surrounding neat and clean. It is a prime example of where the city can intervene in helping citizens keep their communities clean and green the citizens called for help. We always love to be in a society that is clean and green attitude and responsibility for our society, city and how to keep our environment clean. Keeping it clean and neat is our responsibility we should keep our environment clean and green for a importance of keeping the environment clean.
Mahak yadav said: (feb 12, 2018) as a citizen of india, it is our responsibility to keep our surroundings clean and green. Fines, public humiliation and citizen action – every city has a different way of dealing with urban cleanliness but is it community clean-ups or strict municipal. To property owners will accommodate extra trash responsibility to ensure our city is ongoing efforts to keep the city clean, healthy and green. Here we have provided various short and long essay on cleanliness for and foremost responsibility cleanliness essay 2 how to keep home neat and clean.
The city of roanoke is committed to making "clean and green" an and civic organizations to take an active role and responsibility for improving and. Keep america beautiful of rome it is their goal to encourage citizens to have a hand in keeping rome clean and green dba rome clean & green inc. Residents of lilongwe have been challenged to observe their role in keeping the city clean and not dump the responsibility keep lilongwe clean and green.
Become a us citizen the zero waste & litter action plan is filled with strategies to keep our city clean and green read the zero waste and litter action plan. The man who guided singapore from slum to eco-city for being a clean and green city and a 1968 'keep singapore clean' campaign to.
Short para of clean city green city can a normal citizen make a difference, or does it take a governor or celebrity, to make our goal happen.
12 reasons why singapore is the greenest city on long campaign and morphed into simply clean and green it's their responsibility to take. 5 reasons that make japan a clean and green people as many of citizens clean their and works hard to keep the city as clean and as. Keep your city clean contribution is required from all citizens so that govt plans to keep a city clean can be thus,it's not a responsibility of any. Clean green city - game show - game play - 2015 - hd show me games keep our city clean green wikipedia citizens association for child rights. India is our country, our home and it is our responsibility to keep it clean and tidy carrying a chocolate wrapper half a kilometer with you till you can find a. It is our duty as citizens to keep our cities clean 10 reasons to keep your city clean 1 keep our environment clean and green. Get to feel like a real truck driver who is driving a road sweeper you have a big responsibility which is to keep the big city clean and it's citizens.


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What is the meaning of United Nations symbol?
The United Nations Emblem Symbolism: The olive branches symbolize peace. The world map depicts the area of concern to the United Nations in achieving its main purpose; peace and security. Use: The use of the emblem is restricted.
Who designed UN flag?
Flag of the United Nations
|Proportion||2:3 or 3:5|
|Adopted||December 7, 1946|
|Design||A white UN emblem (a polar azimuthal equidistant projection world map surrounded by two olive branches) on a blue background.|
|Designed by||Donal McLaughlin (emblem only)|
When was uno flag adopted?
The United Nations flag was approved by General Assembly resolution 167 (II) on 20 October 1947. The resolution states "the flag of the United Nations shall be the official emblem adopted by the General Assembly under the terms of its resolution 92 (I) of 7 December 1946, centered on a light blue ground."
Why is the UN color blue?
Symbolism of the UN Flag The blue background is meant to symbolize a peaceful environment and is said to be the opposite of the traditional red color, which often represents war and the lives lost during war.
What is the importance of UN logo and flag?
The two olive branches represent peace and the map represents the countries of the world. The emblem therefore stands for peace between nations. The flag was first officially attached to flag poles on October 20, 1947, and consists of the official emblem of the UN in white on a blue background.
Who is the designer of UN logo?
Oliver Lincoln Lundquist
Oliver Lincoln Lundquist, a talented architect and industrial designer, worked for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), CIA's predecessor, during World War II and led the team that designed the official United Nations emblem.
Who created the UN logo?
Where did the UN logo come from?
The map was created for a 1945 UN conference in San Francisco by a team including the American architect Donal McLaughlin (who also designed the interior of Tiffany's jewellery store in New York City). It is a circular world map centred on the North Pole and surrounded by olive branches.
Who created the United Nations logo?
What is the motto of UN?
Peace, dignity and equality on a healthy planet.
Who logo means?
The WHO logo consists of the WHO emblem and the words "World Health Organization" or "WHO". Protection of the WHO logo and emblem. The use of the WHO logo is restricted to institutions that have an official collaborating status with WHO and only in conjunction with the work that they are undertaking for WHO.
What is the motto of United Nations?
What is logo of Unesco?
The Flag of UNSECO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is one of the official symbols of the institution. The format consists of the white organization emblem on a blue background. The colors blue and white are the official colors of the United Nations.
Which organization does the UN emblem represent?
The original emblem of the United Nations was created by a team of designers during the United Nations Conference on International Organization in 1945.
WHO made famous logos?
19 Iconic Logo Designers:
- Paul Rand – IBM.
- Ivan Chermayeff – Showtime.
- Tom Geismar – Mobile.
- Sagi Haviv – Library of Congress.
- Paula Scher – Citi.
- Steff Geissbuhler – Time warner Cable.
- Milton Glaser – I Love NY.
- Rob Janoff – Apple.


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|Rountree Branch Watershed Study|
Location of Rountree
**Please open in Internet Explorer for best graphics.
This site was created by two University of Wisconsin-Platteville (UWP)
students as a central location for data collected by all different parties
working with the Rountree Branch. These parties include UWP Civil
and Environmental Engineering Department, UWP Chemistry Department, the
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Friends of the Rountree
Branch (FORB), Trout Unlimited, Southwest Badger RC & D, and the City
of Platteville. The
Reclamation and Biology Departments at UWP are also becoming more
Some areas of the watershed are woodlots and prairies, however most of the land has now been converted to agricultural land and commercial property. Some land within the watershed is enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) sponsored by the DNR. The CRP gives farmers money to not farm a particular plot of land for 10-15 years and instead allow grass and trees to grow. This program increases wildlife habitat along with decreasing erosion off the land into rivers and streams.
We hope this site will serve as a valuable resource to engineers and
environmentalists, as well as concerned citizens of the area. For
more information refer to the Grant-Platte
River State of the Basin Report. In this report you can find
more detailed history, research, and current activities in the watershed
and surrounding areas.
If you have questions or concerns regarding this web site contact Dr. Max Anderson at _EMAIL_.


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Subsurface permeability is a measure of how well liquids flow through below-ground rocks and soils. It is a key parameter that determines subsurface flow and transport processes in watersheds. However, permeability is difficult and expensive to measure directly at the scale and resolution required by watershed models. In contrast, stream flow monitoring data is widely available. The links between permeability and stream flow provide a new route to estimating subsurface permeability. In this study, scientists turned to deep learning, a type of artificial intelligence. Deep learning estimates the subsurface permeability of a watershed from stream discharge data more accurately than is possible with traditional methods. This improvement will help calibrate watershed models and reduce the uncertainty in stream discharge predictability.
The deep learning method yielded realistic estimates of the permeability of a real watershed system. The results had a better match between the predicted and observed stream discharges. This work shows that deep learning can be a powerful tool for estimating watershed parameters from indirect but relevant observations such as stream flow. By successfully using deep learning to map the relationship between permeability and stream discharge, this work presents new opportunities for improving the subsurface characterization of large watersheds. It paves the way to help develop more generalized strategies for calibrating watershed models with multiple parameters and types of data.
Subsurface permeability is a key parameter that controls the contribution of the subsurface flow to stream flows in watershed models. Directly measuring permeability at the spatial extent and resolution required by watershed models is difficult and expensive. Researchers therefore commonly estimate permeability through inverse modeling. The wide availability of stream surface flow data compared to groundwater monitoring data provides a new data source for integrated surface and subsurface hydrologic models to infer soil and geologic properties.
Scientists from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory trained deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate subsurface permeability from stream discharge hydrographs. First, they trained the DNNs to map the relationships between the soil and geologic layer permeabilities and the simulated stream discharge obtained from an integrated surface-subsurface hydrologic model of the studied watershed. The DNNs yielded more accurate permeability estimates than the traditional inverse modeling method. The DNNs then estimated the permeability of a real watershed (Rock Creek Catchment in the headwaters of the Colorado River) using observed stream discharge from the study site. The watershed model with permeability estimated by DNNs accurately predicted the stream flows. This research sheds new light on the value of emerging deep learning methods to assist integrated watershed modeling by improving parameter estimation, which will eventually reduce the uncertainty in predictive watershed models.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
This work was funded by the ExaSheds project, which was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program, Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences Division, Data Management Program.
Cromwell, E., et al., Estimating Watershed Subsurface Permeability From Stream Discharge Data Using Deep Neural Networks. Frontiers in Earth Science 9, 613011 (2021). [DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.613011]
Deep Learning Uses Stream Discharge to Estimate Watershed Subsurface Permeability, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory research highlight.


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Earlier this year, New Zealand's highest court issued a decision clarifying when and how evidence of parties' dealings will be admissible to support arguments before the courts on contractual interpretation. The decision signals a departure from the New Zealand approach to date and the approaches in a number of other Commonwealth jurisdictions, in particular the United Kingdom, and highlights that contracting in New Zealand may give rise to particular practical considerations, both at the time of contracting and also when litigating contractual interpretation issues.
Contract interpretation – a Common(wealth) approach
Like many Commonwealth jurisdictions, New Zealand's law on contractual interpretation has its foundations firmly in Lord Hoffmann's judgment in Investors Compensation Scheme Ltd v West Bromwich Building Society. After a brief foray into a more purpose-led approach to interpretation in Vector Gas Ltd v Bay of Plenty Energy Ltd, the New Zealand courts have confirmed in Firm PI 1 Ltd v Zurich Australian Insurance Ltd that contractual interpretation is an objective exercise that focuses on the text of the contract and is aimed at identifying 'the meaning which the document would convey to a reasonable person having all the background knowledge which would reasonably have been available to the parties in the situation in which they were at the time of the contract.'
On these core principles, the New Zealand and UK approaches appear to be more or less aligned.
Divergences in approach
There are, however, some subtle nuances in the approaches of the respective jurisdictions, both when it comes to interpreting the express words of the contract and in terms of when and how evidence of the parties' intent is admissible on contractual interpretation issues.
The role of 'commercial absurdity'
While the UK courts in Investors Compensation upheld the principle that courts will not attribute to contracting parties an intention that they could not have had (a conclusion that 'flouts business common sense'), the UK Supreme Court subsequently held in Rainy Sky SA v Kookmin Bank that, where parties have used clear and unambiguous language, a court must apply it – even where such an application leads to a commercially improbable outcome. In short, a UK court is unlikely to embark on a purposive interpretive exercise, or to go behind the natural and ordinary meaning of words, unless there is patent ambiguity in the contractual wording.
New Zealand courts, on the other hand, may be more prepared to look behind the express words of a contract where those express words make no commercial sense. In Firm PI 1, the New Zealand Supreme Court emphasised that while a conclusion that a particular interpretation leads to a commercially absurd result should be reached only in the most obvious and extreme of cases, if an ordinary meaning makes no commercial sense then it must yield to an interpretation which is commercially sensible.
This approach was recently seen in action in Bathurst Resources Ltd v L & M Coal Holdings Ltd, in which the New Zealand Supreme Court found that the term 'shipped', in the context of the particular mining contract the subject of that litigation, could not bear its ordinary literal meaning of carriage by ship but must bear a broader meaning encompassing all forms of transportation. The Court observed that, while giving primacy to the written words in a contract provides commercial certainty, this should not be allowed to defeat what the parties actually meant by the words in which they recorded their agreement.
The intentions of commercial parties (not lawyers)
Another context in which the New Zealand courts' focus on the intentions of commercial parties is in relation to the interpretation of contractual terms such as 'consequential loss'.
In the UK, the orthodox view is that 'consequential loss' (for example, when used to define losses excluded under a contract), is synonymous with the second limb of the remoteness test in Hadley v Baxendale (1854); that is, loss beyond that which naturally flows from a breach of a contractual term but which was within the contemplation of the parties at the time of contract execution.
The New Zealand court's view, however, was that it was not helpful to adopt the conceptual distinction in Hadley v Baxendale given most contracting parties would not be familiar with that legal framework or expect the terms they used to be interpreted with reference to it. Instead, in Oceania Furniture Ltd v Debonaire Products Ltd, the New Zealand High Court applied what it characterised as the ordinary commercial meaning of the term 'consequential loss', being whether the loss arose directly from, or was immediately associated with, the obligations that the contracting party had assumed.
Admissibility of evidence to support interpretation
The New Zealand Supreme Court in Bathurst took the opportunity to clarify the New Zealand position on the admissibility of evidence of the parties' dealings (ie their pre-contractual negotiations and post-contractual conduct), to assist with contractual interpretation.
In short, the court adopted a framework based on the laws of evidence (the Evidence Act 2006) rather than one of contractual interpretation. Under this framework, evidence is prima facie admissible if it has a tendency to prove or disprove anything of consequence to determining the meaning the contract would convey to a reasonable person having all the background knowledge reasonably available to the parties at the time of the contract. Under this framework, there is no specific limit to the material that might be adduced as evidence of contractual intent, so long as it meets this relevance test (and so long as it does not have a prejudicial effect on, or needlessly prolong, the proceeding).
This marks a point of difference with the UK, which continues to exclude evidence of pre-contractual negotiations as a matter of policy. Amongst other things, the judicial perspective on such evidence is that it 'create[s] greater uncertainty of outcome in disputes over interpretation and add[s] to the cost of advice, litigation or arbitration' (Chartbrook Ltd v Persimmon Homes Ltd ).
Practical tips – a New Zealand approach
The nuances in approach outlined above give rise to specific practical considerations when contracting – and litigating contracts – in New Zealand.
Consider your paper trail
Given the New Zealand courts are, in principle, more open to admitting evidence of pre-contractual negotiations for the purposes of contractual interpretation, contracting parties should have regard to how their pre-contractual negotiations might later be used either to support or undermine their intended meaning. Contracting parties should consider whether, for example, they should record their intended meaning in their communications with their counterparty. Conversely, care might be taken before a contracting party proposes a clarifying amendment that they know will be rejected – leaving the clause ambiguous might be preferable to creating evidence of rejection of a particular interpretation.
Keep your paper trail
A paper trail is, of course, only helpful if it is and remains identifiable and accessible. Contracting parties should consider their document retention policies, particularly for long-running contracts, to ensure that helpful supporting material is not deleted or lost.
Act according to your contractual rights and obligations
New Zealand courts' willingness to adduce evidence of the parties' dealings extends to the parties' post-contract conduct. While the courts are alive to the limitations of such evidence (parties don't always insist on adherence to strict contractual terms, particularly during fair weather), adopting a course of dealings that does not reflect a party's intended meaning could become unhelpful if a dispute were to later emerge. It is therefore important for parties to identify and understand when they are departing from the strict terms of the contract, and consider an explicit acknowledgement of that departure.
Review your paper trail (and commercial context)
Finally, and self-evidently, given the latitude of the New Zealand courts' approach toward admitting evidence of the parties' dealings, one of the first steps that parties should take when a contractual interpretation issue arises is to identify, collate and review evidence of the parties' pre-contract negotiations, the commercial context for and purpose of the arrangement, and the way in which parties have performed their obligations post-contracting.


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Influence of geometry shape factor on trapping and flushing efficiencies
The trap efficiency of a shallow reservoir depends on the characteristics of the inflowing sediments and the retention time of the water in the reservoir, which in turn are controlled by the reservoir geometry. With the purpose of controlling the trapped and flushed sediments in shallow reservoirs, the effects of the geometry on sediment deposition and removal were investigated with systematic physical experiments. The geometry shape factor is an important factor to predict the flow and sediment deposition in the reservoir. The evolution of trap efficiency has an increasing or decreasing effect according to the geometry shape factor and flow patterns. The channel formed during flushing attracts the jet and stabilizes the flow structures over the entire reservoir. Empirical formulas to describe the relationship between the geometry shape factor and sediment trap efficiency as well as flushing efficiency were developed.


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In this exercise lab, you will:
- Create a side bar on the movie details screen
- Add an input section, as well as a comments list to the side bar
- Submit comments using Ajax
- Refresh the comments list using Ajax
The estimated duration for this exercise is 25 min.
You can download a ZIP file in the Lesson Materials button below. It contains all the resources needed for this Lesson, including the Exercise PDF at the root, and the OutSystems Application Package file from the previous Exercise Lesson in the Quickstart folder.


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Status and Trends of Biodiversity
Oman's land consists of gravel desert plains, sand and mountain ranges and coastal lines. Despite its arid climate, it is an area of relatively high biodiversity, especially in the regions with a higher level of precipitations. Terrestrial biodiversity is an important component of Oman's biodiversity as rangelands and woodlands are found to harbour a diverse array of plant species (more than 1208 have been identified so far)... More »
Number and Extent of Protected Areas
Oman has established four protected areas, accounting for 9.6% of the total land area of the country. Oman has also set up two marine protected areas.
Percentage of Forest Cover
Forests in Oman cover 2,000 ha and other wooded areas cover 1,303,000 ha.


Risk-based Authentication
Risk-based Authentication (RBA) is a new security feature (available as a separate add-on for Hosted Login v2) that protects against fraud and the risks associated with account takeover attacks by forcing users to conduct a secondary authentication to prove their identity if risk signals indicate a threat.
 - An Introduction to Risk-based Authentication. An introduction to Risk-based Authentication and why you might find this new feature useful. Includes information about the new acr_values parameter and the acr amd amr claims.
 - Client Reputation. An RBA module that uses a sophisticated risk-analysis engine to compute a set of "risk scores" for each IP address that tries to access your site. These scores can be used to initiate "step-up" authentication for users deemed to be high-risk (i.e., more likely to engage in web attacks).


Business Writing
"But it's how I speak …"
14. 3. 2016
B1- B1 B2 C1
I was thinking today about the differences between writing and speaking. In emails we often write informally, as though we are speaking to the person. Emails are seen as an informal communication method in most instances, and writing as we speak is usually okay—although if you're writing to a boss or a client, you may want to be more formal in your writing.
Now, I'm not talking about lots of long words and complicated sentences. I'm talking about being aware of the differences between written English and spoken English, and make choices when you are writing, rather than just 'writing as you speak'.
Here are a few of the differences.
Spoken language Written language
It is mostly spontaneous and contains redundancies (that is, we say the same thing a couple of times in different ways) It is mostly planned and contains very few extraneous words
The discourse is often 'untidy' The discourse if often very organised and observes formal boundaries such as paragraphs and chapters
A higher likelihood of an informal style or register It is usually neutral or formal in terms of style and register
The speaker is usually able to get instant feedback on their message Feedback is usually either absent or delayed
Often made up of a series of utterances that are not complete sentences There is a higher incidence of both simple and complex complete sentences
Conveys meaning through stress, intonation and pauses Uses punctuation to help make meaning clearer, and vocabulary choices tend to be more precise
The speaker can support their message using gesture and facial expression Writers use layout, headings and different typefaces to support their message
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text:
Date of Award
Bachelor of Education Honours
School of Education
Faculty of Community Services, Education and Social Sciences
Dr Barry Down
The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine family member perceptions and experiences of homework. More broadly, it seeks to illuminate the nature and social function of homework practices in families and in so doing, highlights the complex relationship between schools and family life. The study involved four families and their experiences of homework. The families were selected on the basis that the parents came from a range of socio-economic backgrounds which may impact upon their children's attitudes and experiences of homework and schooling. The approach adopted to investigate this phenomenon is that of case study. Specifically, this case study uses the unstructured interview to collect data to enable the interviewer to develop a conversation using a set of relatively open-ended questions. These conversations were audiotaped, then transcribed for analysis and interpretation. The interviews focused on participant's understandings and expectations in relation to homework. The intensity of the interaction between interviewer and participant provided an opportunity for the participant to openly relate their homework experiences. The interviewees were asked to 'tell their story' in relation to their homework experiences. This case study adds to the existing literature by exploring family member perceptions of the family-school relationship as it relates to homework. It portrays the experiences of these families and how they make sense of homework practices. It provides an insight into the lives of the four families and how they understand the nature and function of homework practices.
Voak, C. (1999). How do Family Members Perceive, Understand and Explain the Experience of Homework? : A Case Study of Four Families. Retrieved from _URL_


5. Force feedback for Linux
Author
Johann Deneux <_EMAIL_> on 2001/04/22.
Updated
Anssi Hannula <_EMAIL_> on 2006/04/09.
You may redistribute this file. Please remember to include shape.svg and interactive.svg as well.
5.1. Introduction
This document describes how to use force feedback devices under Linux. The goal is not to support these devices as if they were simple input-only devices (as it is already the case), but to really enable the rendering of force effects. This document only describes the force feedback part of the Linux input interface. Please read joystick.txt and input.txt before reading further this document.
5.2. Instructions to the user
To enable force feedback, you have to:
 1. have your kernel configured with evdev and a driver that supports your device.
 2. make sure evdev module is loaded and /dev/input/event* device files are created.
Before you start, let me WARN you that some devices shake violently during the initialisation phase. This happens for example with my "AVB Top Shot Pegasus". To stop this annoying behaviour, move your joystick to its limits. Anyway, you should keep a hand on your device, in order to avoid it to break down if something goes wrong.
If you have a serial iforce device, you need to start inputattach. See joystick.txt for details.
5.2.1. Does it work ?
There is an utility called fftest that will allow you to test the driver:
% fftest /dev/input/eventXX
5.3. Instructions to the developer
All interactions are done using the event API. That is, you can use ioctl() and write() on /dev/input/eventXX. This information is subject to change.
5.3.1. Querying device capabilities
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#define BITS_TO_LONGS(x) \
 (((x) + 8 * sizeof (unsigned long) - 1) / (8 * sizeof (unsigned long)))
unsigned long features[BITS_TO_LONGS(FF_CNT)];
int ioctl(int file_descriptor, int request, unsigned long *features);
"request" must be EVIOCGBIT(EV_FF, size of features array in bytes )
Returns the features supported by the device. features is a bitfield with the following bits:
 - FF_CONSTANT can render constant force effects
 - FF_PERIODIC can render periodic effects with the following waveforms:
 - FF_SQUARE square waveform
 - FF_TRIANGLE triangle waveform
 - FF_SINE sine waveform
 - FF_SAW_UP sawtooth up waveform
 - FF_SAW_DOWN sawtooth down waveform
 - FF_CUSTOM custom waveform
 - FF_RAMP can render ramp effects
 - FF_SPRING can simulate the presence of a spring
 - FF_FRICTION can simulate friction
 - FF_DAMPER can simulate damper effects
 - FF_RUMBLE rumble effects
 - FF_INERTIA can simulate inertia
 - FF_GAIN gain is adjustable
 - FF_AUTOCENTER autocenter is adjustable
Note
 - In most cases you should use FF_PERIODIC instead of FF_RUMBLE. All devices that support FF_RUMBLE support FF_PERIODIC (square, triangle, sine) and the other way around.
 - The exact syntax FF_CUSTOM is undefined for the time being as no driver supports it yet.
int ioctl(int fd, EVIOCGEFFECTS, int *n);
Returns the number of effects the device can keep in its memory.
5.3.2. Uploading effects to the device
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
int ioctl(int file_descriptor, int request, struct ff_effect *effect);
"request" must be EVIOCSFF.
"effect" points to a structure describing the effect to upload. The effect is uploaded, but not played. The content of effect may be modified. In particular, its field "id" is set to the unique id assigned by the driver. This data is required for performing some operations (removing an effect, controlling the playback). The "id" field must be set to -1 by the user in order to tell the driver to allocate a new effect.
Effects are file descriptor specific.
See <uapi/linux/input.h> for a description of the ff_effect struct. You should also find help in a few sketches, contained in files shape.svg and interactive.svg:
../_images/shape.svg
Shape
../_images/interactive.svg
Interactive
5.3.3. Removing an effect from the device
int ioctl(int fd, EVIOCRMFF, effect.id);
This makes room for new effects in the device's memory. Note that this also stops the effect if it was playing.
5.3.4. Controlling the playback of effects
Control of playing is done with write(). Below is an example:
 #include <linux/input.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 struct input_event play;
 struct input_event stop;
 struct ff_effect effect;
 int fd;
...
 fd = open("/dev/input/eventXX", O_RDWR);
...
 /* Play three times */
 play.type = EV_FF;
 play.code = effect.id;
 play.value = 3;
 write(fd, (const void*) &play, sizeof(play));
...
 /* Stop an effect */
 stop.type = EV_FF;
 stop.code = effect.id;
 stop.value = 0;
 write(fd, (const void*) &stop, sizeof(stop));
5.3.5. Setting the gain
Not all devices have the same strength. Therefore, users should set a gain factor depending on how strong they want effects to be. This setting is persistent across access to the driver.
/* Set the gain of the device
int gain; /* between 0 and 100 */
struct input_event ie; /* structure used to communicate with the driver */
ie.type = EV_FF;
ie.code = FF_GAIN;
ie.value = 0xFFFFUL * gain / 100;
if (write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie)) == -1)
 perror("set gain");
5.3.6. Enabling/Disabling autocenter
The autocenter feature quite disturbs the rendering of effects in my opinion, and I think it should be an effect, which computation depends on the game type. But you can enable it if you want.
int autocenter; /* between 0 and 100 */
struct input_event ie;
ie.type = EV_FF;
ie.code = FF_AUTOCENTER;
ie.value = 0xFFFFUL * autocenter / 100;
if (write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie)) == -1)
 perror("set auto-center");
A value of 0 means "no auto-center".
5.3.7. Dynamic update of an effect
Proceed as if you wanted to upload a new effect, except that instead of setting the id field to -1, you set it to the wanted effect id. Normally, the effect is not stopped and restarted. However, depending on the type of device, not all parameters can be dynamically updated. For example, the direction of an effect cannot be updated with iforce devices. In this case, the driver stops the effect, up-load it, and restart it.
Therefore it is recommended to dynamically change direction while the effect is playing only when it is ok to restart the effect with a replay count of 1.
5.3.8. Information about the status of effects
Every time the status of an effect is changed, an event is sent. The values and meanings of the fields of the event are as follows:
struct input_event {
/* When the status of the effect changed */
 struct timeval time;
/* Set to EV_FF_STATUS */
 unsigned short type;
/* Contains the id of the effect */
 unsigned short code;
/* Indicates the status */
 unsigned int value;
};
FF_STATUS_STOPPED The effect stopped playing
FF_STATUS_PLAYING The effect started to play
Note


text:
aspect ratio in a sentence
Example sentences for aspect ratio
But they are still susceptible to the prosaic deceptions of data displays such as scale, aspect ratio and placement.
It's features include the ability to adjust time between exposure, motor speed, aspect ratio and picture overlap.
The picture was crisper but the aspect ratio was poorly adjusted for the smaller screen.
The aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the square of the span divided by the wing area.
At a constant velocity in airflow, a high aspect ratio.
Aspect ratio is the ratio of effective length to height of the collector surface.
The aspect ratio is the length of the collection field divided by the height of the collection field.


text:
In a chosen-prefixes collision attack, the adversary is able to freely choose two distinct prefixes $P$ and $P'$ of arbitrary content, and is able to find suffixes $S$ and $S'$ with $H(P\mathbin\|S)=H(P'\mathbin\|S')$.
Note: It is common to write chosen-prefix when that logically should be chosen-prefixes.
In other types of collision attack the adversary freely chooses only one prefix $P$ (possibly empty) and is able to find distinct suffixes $S$ and $S'$ with $H(P\mathbin\|S)=H(P\mathbin\|S')$.
That makes a critical difference: only chosen-prefixes attacks allow the attacker to freely choose different meaningful content where the colliding messages differ.
Chosen-prefixes attack thus are much more flexible for the attacker. For example, in a pure text document, the prefixes could be the meaningful part of the text at start, with the suffix in the end after a few hundred space characters so that it never shows. That allows the attacker to prepare documents with vastly different contents of his choice (except for the end which does not show), and so that the signature of one will be valid for the other.
By contrast, in other types of collision attack, the attacker typically is unable to make similar forgeries for pure text files, and more generally data formats where insignificant data can only be at the end. Attacks can only target more flexible data formats (like Portable Document Format, Postscript, some compressed image formats, some executable file formats..) such that it is possible to turn the alteration in the suffix into an operationally meaningful difference. This is often hard or infeasible (depending heavily on details of the data format and attack context).
In particular, a chosen-prefixes attack is a near necessity to attack certificate issuance (but this is mostly theoretical: certification authorities could foil all such attacks by using an unpredictable Certificate Serial Number at start of the certificate; and powerful adversaries obtain practically working certificates under any identity they desire without any cryptographic attack, by using complacent certification authorities).
Addition: in practice a trailer can easily be added, so that $H(P\mathbin\|S\mathbin\|T)=H(P'\mathbin\|S'\mathbin\|T)$. The attacker is able to freely choose $P,P',T$, with the constraint $P=P'$ for non-chosen-prefixes collision attacks.


Our Man Made Limestone
At Old World Stoneworks we fabricate our man-made limestone to emulate Indiana limestone also known as Bedford limestone, recognized to be the highest quality quarried limestone in the United States. Using a man-made limestone is a cost-effective alternative to natural limestone while still maintaining the inherit characteristics.
To make our limestone we use a dry mixture of finely grated aggregates and silica sand mixed with a bonding and hardening agent. We then put this mixture through a mulling machine where it is mixed with water in a forming process which makes it equally as durable and dense as natural limestone.


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A Complete Women Remedy
A Complete Women Remedy: SECALE CORNUTUM
Secale Cornutum, has shown its action in producing contraction of non-striated muscular fiber. It produces its action on involuntary muscular fibers through vaso-motor nerves. The symptoms of Secale may be divided into two spheres, the first are related to the circulation, and second those directly affect the nervous system.
Contractions:
Secale is particularly useful when the facial muscles twitch. The muscular twitching commences in the face and spreads over the whole body. The abdomen is drawn in by the contraction of the musculi recti abdominales. During these contractions the urine is scanty, if not completely suppressed.
Side by side there is much retching but not absolute vomiting. The violent contractions are felt in the stomach.
Circulation:
Its action is on the blood-vessels having involuntary muscular fibers. It produces contraction and dilation both of these vessels. This way it cures the stasis of blood in dry gangrene especially of the toes in old people.
Pregnancy:
So far as the pregnancy is concerned, there is hardly any problem which is not solved by this amazing remedy. In last few days I have given this remedy where the traditional system of medicines has also found it helpless and sought an early delivery of the baby.
As per reports the level of amniotic fluid was severely diminished and the fetus had stopped growing any further. In the other case the prospective mother was facing acute hormonal and behavioural problems. She was depressed and was reported to have tried herself to cause harm to the fetus.
Secale Cornutum did wonders.
The First one is now admitted for delivery after the completion of time and second one is going to deliver in the month of January.
Secale acts tremendously and amazingly on uterine fibers. It acts more on the pregnant than on the non-pregnant uterus, more upon the uterus of parous than of nulliparous women.
Ergot the fungus has been quite notorious in causing abortions if given to pregnant women. But homeopathic remedy Secale Cornutum obtained from this fungus reverts its action. It cures almost all problems related to untimely termination of pregnancy.
Its characteristic symptoms are that the uterine pains are prolonged but ineffectual.
Even after delivery if the placenta is retained, Secale relieves the condition and the placenta is released easily.
In villages they remove it by hand after-birth; but a better course is to give a few doses of Secale.
Not only in regular deliveries, but in miscarriages also if the placenta is retained inside, Secale is there to clear it out.
Secale Cornutum is also effective in case of thin and undernourished women whose skins are wrinkled, dry, and harsh.
These women have a general symptoms of bearing down. Their uterus has lost all muscular power of expulsion and works as a power-less mucous membrane.
UTERINE HEMORRHAGE
When
The blood loses its power of coagulation and its appearance is dark, more fluid and continuous.
This type of blood is coming out of uterus or any other cavity in the body.
The female patient is cold in touch and unconscious in response.
There may be a complaint of tingling all over the body
The Secale Cornutum is the sure remedy.
Retained placenta
Again, we may use Secale in retained placenta when it arises, not from hour-glass contraction of the uterus, but after miscarriage, especially that occurring during the early months of pregnancy. The discharge corresponding to the lochia is offensive. The patient is cold and often almost pulseless from loss of blood ; the uterine contractions are very imperfect, or else there is prolonged tonic contraction. In such cases, Secale is further indicated by mental symptoms. The patient has mania, during which she laughs, claps her hands over her head, in fact, seems to be beside herself.
Secale acts very prominently on the gastro-enteric organs. It produces a picture very much like that of cholera. It is useful in cholera infantum, cholera morbus, and cholera Asiatica. It is indicated when the patient is cold and almost pulseless, with spasmodic twitching of the muscles in various parts of the body; especially is this spreading asunder of the fingers noticed. The eyes are sunken, and the features pinched. There is a great deal of spasmodic retching, although not much vomiting. The surface of the body is harsh, shrivelled, and dry, as though there was no moisture left in the system. The urine is suppressed. There is tingling or formication all over the body. The stools are profuse and watery, and are ejected with great violence. The patient though cold, cannot bear to be covered.
In cholera Infantum Secale is indicated by profuse undigested stools, which are watery and very offensive, and are discharged by fits and starts, and are followed by intense prostration. Now, Secale must be separated from the remedies that are similar to it, or you cannot use it to the best advantage.

It has been observed that in the case of a manufactory in which substances containing arsenic were made, that the fumes of the arsenic destroyed all the surrounding vegetation with the exception of the rye; and the rye grew more luxuriantly under the fumes of this factory than it did ordinarily.
When we come to study the medicinal effects of Secale and ARSENIC, we find that they have many symptoms in common; both produce shrivelling up of the system, both produce gangrene, both produce choleraic symptoms, and they follow each other well. We may make a few distinctions which are all sufficient, and which are mainly these: In the first place, the Arsenicum gangrene, and almost all of its other symptoms, are worse from cold and better from warmth. The patient wants to be wrapped up warmly. The Secale patient finds relief from cold. The same is true of ulcers. If you have an indolent ulcer, discharging an ichorous offensive pus, you almost always think of Arsenicum. Yet Secale may be the remedy. The distinction again is this: Arsenicum has relief by warmth, Secale by cold.

In cholera, both remedies have profuse, offensive, watery. stools, which are very exhausting. Arsenicum lacks that tingling which is almost always present when Secale is the remedy. Arsenicum has more restlessness, anxiety, anxious tossing about and irritability of fibre. The patient wants to be warmly wrapped up; while the Secale patient wants to be cool.

During the stage of collapse, Secale is indicated by the symptoms I have mentioned. Here, it is very similar to CARBO VEG. The latter remedy is indicated when the prostration is so great that the patient lies quiet, too weak to move, with passive haemorrhage from the nose, and, perhaps, from the bowels as well. The body is cold, characteristically so, from the feet to the knees. The pulse is rapid, almost threadlike, and the breath is cold. In such alarming cases Carbo veg. may sometimes save.
Another remedy is CAMPHOR, which is to be used in preference to Secale, Arsenic, or Carbo veg. in cholera, when the system is overwhelmed by the suddenness or violence of the poison, before there is any vomiting or diarrhoea, and when the prostration is intense. The body is as cold as ice. The voice is squeaky or husky. Camphor is here used in the mother tincture, a few drops in water, and a dose every fifteen minutes until the reaction takes place, when some other remedy is indicated.
VERATRUM ALBUM resembles Secale in the coldness and blueness of the surface, with profuse watery stools; but it differs in one symptom, and that is, the cold sweat on the forehead. None of the remedies just mentioned have this symptom except Arsenicum, and under that remedy the restlessness is greater than under Veratrum, while the cold sweat on the forehead is less marked.
In the uterine symptoms, haemorrhages, etc., we have to remember some remedies that are closely allied to Secale. I may incidentally mention CARBO VEG. here as a remedy similar to Secale in persistent epistaxis. On the flow goes, day after day, apparently not lessening in the least, the blood being dark and non-coagulable. You must distinguish between the two remedies by their other characteristic symptoms.
USTILAGO is to be remembered as a companion of Secale. It is a fungus which grows on corn. It is similar in action to Ergot. Careful chemical analysis shows that it contains Ergotin just as does Secale. Ustilago may be used in haemorrhages somewhat different in character from those of Secale. The haemorrhages in which it is the most effective are those from the uterus, when the flow is bright red, partly fluid, and partly clotted. With this condition present, you may use Ustilago, whether it occur at climaxis or during labor or abortion, or menstruation. This remedy does not act on the uterus exactly the same as does Secale. It causes passive congestion of the uterus. It is


text:
An international team of researchers recently identified the "sweetness gene" responsible for low alkaloid levels (not bitter) in lupins. This discovery could accelerate the development of new bitter-free crops and another protein source for plant-based foods.
A legume from the family Fabaceae, Lupin rivals soybean in protein content (44%). They are high in fiber and low in sugars. Moreover, lupin crops are climate tolerant and have a great potential to recover poor soils. But this legume naturally accumulates bitter and toxic alkaloids unpleasant for the human palate.
For decades, farmers have grown a sweet lupin variety at a small scale since crops can cross-pollinate and produce bitter lupins. But with this game-changing gene, farmers can grow sweet white lupin continuously and domesticate wilder varieties with higher protein content or better disease resistance.
The power of sweet lupins
The shift toward plant protein-rich diets and the awareness of the environmental impact of soybean cultivation and import is driving European countries to diversify the local production of protein crops. The UK government recently invested in R&D to develop pea and amaranth crops.
Many companies interested in offering novel plant-based foods have found lupin a powerful protein source to develop their products. Recent innovations include alternative dairy and meat, sweets, beverages, and chocolates.
The Australian company, Wide Open Agriculture (WOA), produces oat milk enriched with lupin protein. It has developed a technology to make lupin concentrate powder with a neutral flavor and valuable functionalities for food and beverage applications.
** Click here to read the full-text **


text:
NARA SUSTAINABLE FARM PROJECT
We are excited to announce our new INOCHI project,
TOYOUKE NO MORI
(Nara Sustainable Farm and Community)
July 2015, Nara, Japan.
TOYOUKE NO MORI is located on a beautiful hill in Nara, Japan. Away from city life and through immersion in countryside living on a farm, we aim to create a community where people share the natural abundance and a true joy of life.
Thus far, we have leased 3,000 square meters of forestland and started cultivating a fertile soil for the farm; we have created infrastructures – including refurbishing two old buildings for temporary housing, and started to host our initial programs.
Next, we plan to purchase land and construct a new studio and facilities for accommodations. This next step will require 5 million yen (~$500,000). Please join us in our effort and help us create a new model of a sustainable community. Your contribution will be an essential part for our beginning.
The YAMABE NO MICHI mountainside path, where ancient people walked, is located in a beautiful green hill on the eastern side of the Nara Valley. Along this path, many ancient tombs exist. In the vicinity of TOYOUKE NO MORI, there are many places with deep connections to Japanese feminine cultures and traditions.
In Nara, at a birthplace of Japanese ancient culture, our group of women will inherit and pass on the natural farming principles and philosophies that our ancestors have kept alive.
Through farming and eating, we receive and appreciate the blessings from the heavens and the earth and become one with our Mother Earth who cherishes all forms of life.
The TOYOUKE NO MORI project aims to cultivate a community where people feel their hearts and are connected with the sensibility of beauty. In this community, individuals can create and realize their dreams and a life of abundance. The internet allows us to access the world from anywhere and makes it possible to live locally with a global perspective. We are now entering the era of economy based on the sun's energy to co-exist with nature by harnessing the blessings of the sun, wind, water, and the earth. Networking world wide, we will create a space for keeping and spreading the traditions of Japan's beautiful culture while learning and exchanging practices for living humbly in harmony with nature with other cultures.
A symbol of TOYOUKE NO MORI captures the image of a dogu (a clay female figure made during the prehistoric Jomon period). Written within the dogu are the characters 豊受 (Toyouke), which means "receiving abundance." These characters represent the spirit of rice, and have been handed down for over 2,000 years as a symbol for life in Japan.
TOYOUKE NO MORI: Our Three Pillars
- Sense of oneness to all living things
- Mindfulness and an importance of daily life
- A network of friends around the world with whom to share the traditions of Japan and to learn from each other
TOYOUKE NO MORI: Our Offerings
- Edible education
- Leased 3,000 square meters of forestland and started the creation of TOYOUKE NO MORI infrastructures.
- For temporary housing, refurbished old structures using recycled wood and flooring and created two buildings for two million yen (~ $20,000).
- Provide programs to practice mindful living through samu (the Zen practice of daily work including cleaning and fieldwork).
- We will establish up to date accommodation facilities.
- We will concentrate on creating fertile soil at the farm.
- Plan to construct a new studio and accommodation facilities that incorporate Japanese architectural technology.
- Plan to purchase land and construct facilities for a cost of 50 million yen (~$500,000).
- Host programs that provide mutual learning opportunities from everyday work on the farm and in the farmhouse.
- Host pilgrimages from visitors abroad and organize ecological tours.
- Create an organic farm collective.
- Create relationships with chambers of commerce, non-profits, universities, and city governments.
- Expand the concept of eco-tourism, spreading Nara's local values, with food and traditional hospitality. Collaborate with tourist industries including hotels, inns, and restaurants.
- Increase self-sustainability of the region. Create new attractive professions fostering small businesses based on organic living.
- Establish a sustainable community model with increased local employment.
- From Japan, support the establishment of sustainable communities across the Asia and the Pan-Pacific region.


text:
Date of this Version
The excessive application of manure on cropland areas can cause nutrients to accumulate near the soil surface and increase nutrient transport by overland flow. Inverting soils with high surface nutrient content could reduce runoff nutrient transport. This study was conducted to measure the effects of moldboard plowing on the redistribution of nutrients within the soil profile and nutrient transport by overland flow. Composted beef cattle manure was applied at dry weights of 0, 68, 105, 142, and 178 Mg ha-1 to a silty clay loam soil and then incorporated by disking. Selected plots were moldboard plowed 244 days later to a depth of approximately 23 cm. Soil samples for analysis of water-soluble phosphorus, Bray and Kurtz No.1 phosphorus (Bray-1 P), NO3-N, and NH4-N were collected at depths of 0 - 5, 5 - 15, and 15 -30 cm before and after moldboard plowing. Three 30-min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24-hour intervals, were applied at an intensity of approximately 70 mm hr-1. Dissolved phosphorus (DP), NO3-N, NH4-N, and total nitrogen (TN) content of runoff were measured from 0.75 wide x 2.0 m long plots. No significant differences in runoff and erosion were measured among experimental treatments as a result of the moldboard plowing operation. However, Bray-1 P content at the 0 – 5 cm soil depth was reduced from 200 to 48.0 mg kg-1 and NO3-N content decreased from 9.49 to 2.52 mg kg-1. Consequently, concentrations of DP, NO3-N, and TN in runoff decreased significantly on the moldboard plowed plots.


text:
As part of a framework contract with the energy operator EDPR, a world leader in renewable energies, SEGULA Technologies has participated in the construction and commissioning of two wind farms in Spain: Piedrahita and El Castillo, located on the border between the provinces of Zaragoza and Teruel.
A technological challenge
Due to their location in mountainous areas, the construction of these farms represented a major challenge due to the complexity of the geomorphology and the logistics that had to be carried out via unconventional access routes. Despite this, SEGULA successfully completed the project in just one year, working closely with CRC, General Electric, Cobra and Siemsa.
A project managed from A to Z
With its extensive experience in the management of renewable energy projects, SEGULA took charge of the entire project, from the detailed analysis of the documentation to the monitoring and supervision of the construction work, including the coordination of technical assistance, health and safety for all projects associated with the construction of these two wind farms – all in compliance with EDPR's deadlines and quality requirements.
Amongst the main elements of the project, SEGULA has built:
- The Piedrahita wind farm (Loscos, Teruel province). This 19.8 MW wind farm consists of five wind turbines: four of them GE 137 with 4,030 kW HH111.5 m (limited to 4,000 KW each) and one GE 137 with 3,800 kW HH110m. The wind farm was powered up on 27 March.
- The El Castillo wind farm (Fombuena and Luesma (Zaragoza), Lanzuela and Bádenas (Teruel)). This wind farm has a capacity of 25.2 MW, and consists of seven GE 137 model wind turbines of 4,030 kW (limited to 3,600 kW each). The wind farm was powered up on 29 March and is already in operation.
- Two medium-voltage (30 kV) overhead and underground lines to evacuate the electricity generated in these two farms to the Pedregales transformer substation
- A 9km high voltage overhead line (220 kV) between Pedregales and the Cañaseca substation from where, in turn, the energy is transported to the Muniesa connection point via an existing line.
In the near future, SEGULA Technologies will carry out photovoltaic projects for EDPR.


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This medical illustration series compares correct v. incorrect placement of a subclavian catheter (catheterization) in a black female. Anterior overviews and a detailed inset show the following: 1. Correct procedure where the catheter is properly placed into the right subclavian vein and threaded into the superior vena cava, 2. Incorrect procedure showing the catheter penetrating the wall of the vein.


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STEEL WIRE AND NAIL MAKING. The importance of the steel wire and nail in dustry in the United States may be measured by the fact that in 1902 there was produced a total of 1,574,293 tons of wire rods of which nearly 500,000 tons were made into wire nails. In 1909 the production of wire rods was 2,514, 504 tons, valued at $67,440.000. The 1918 out put is estimated as 3,000,000 tons, of the value of $100,000,000. About one-fourth of this goes into nails. Time was when both wire and nails were manufactured entirely from wrought iron, and to secure the toughness and high tensile strength required, great care had to be used in the preparation of the iron, the cost of the prod uct being proportionately high. It was only a question of time before steel, because of its less cost and its high strength, became the standard material in this as in other branches of the iron and steel industry; and today practically the whole of the wire and wire nails used are made from either Bessemer or open-hearth steel, the latter being specified where wire of the special grades with higher physical prop erties is required.
Physical Properties of Steel As showing the great increase in strength of steel over iron wire, it may be mentioned that while good black iron wire will show an ultimate tensile strength of about 25 tons to the square inch, and bright hard-drawn wire a strength of 35 tons to the square inch, Bessemer steel wire will stand a strain of 40 tons and open-hearth steel wire 60 tons to the inch. Of the 'Ispecialp grades of wire a high-carbon open-hearth steel will stand about 80 tons, crucible cast-steel wire about 100 tons, and the best cast steel, or as it is sometimes called, °plow* steel wire, 120 tons to the square inch; while certain qualities of cast-steel wire, made under specifications calling for a particular composition and requiring very elaborate working, have been produced, showing an ultimate breaking strength of from 150 to 170 tons to the square inch; The process of wire-drawing serves greatly to improve the physical qualities, and the smaller the size to which the wire is drawn down the greater is the ultimate breaking strength. The wonderful
qualities of piano wire are proverbial, the average strength of English piano wire as given by the manufacturers ranging from 225 pounds for No. 12 music wire gauge, which is 0.029 inch in diameter, to 650 pounds breaking strength for No. 22, which is 0.052 inch in diameter. Re duced to the square-inch unit, the ultimate ten sile strength per square inch would range from 300,000 pounds to 340,000 pounds. The com position of this remarkable wire is as follows: Carbon, 0.570; silicon, 0.090; sulphur, 0.011; phosphorus, 0.018; manganese, 0.425. An analy sis of another wire of unusual strength known as "plow,o shows 0.828 per cent of carbon, 0.587 per cent of manganese, 0.143 per cent of silicon, 0.009 per cent of sulphur, 0.030 per cent of copper and no phosphorus. The tests of this wire ran from 200,000 pounds per square inch for wire 0.191 inch in diameter to 350,000 pounds for wire 0.093 inch in diameter. Of course, with such high tensile strength the elongation or stretch was very small, ranging from 0.75 to 1.1 per cent only.
Billet bulk of the wire and wire nails of commerce are manufactured from Bes semer billets. Open-hearth billets are worked up into rods for the manufacture of chain, for special grades of wire and for various finished products in which high tensile strength is called for. In each rod mill billet continuous-heating furnaces are continually at work. The billets, which are 4 X 4 inches in section and 36 inches in length, are fed transversely into the furnace, side by side. They are pushed through the fur nace door by a hydraulic charging machine, and by the time they have been heated to the proper temperature for rolling, they are pushed, one after the other, out through the rear door of the furnace and fall upon a conveyor, by which they are carried down into the rod mill.


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Human rights violations in haiti essay
Washington was particularly scathing in its criticism of haiti us slams caribbean human rights cases involving the violation of rights that. Find info on the united nations declaration of human rights including the right to exist, personal liberty and freedom from abuse and violation of individual, group. Although these laws are meant to ensure human rights are being obeyed, there are still countless violations that occur as cardenas says, human rights violations. Magnum foundation's photography and human rights program is now haiti exantus thought he these 28 fellows continue to bring the human rights violations in. This section of the globalissuesorg web site introduces some of the human rights issues surrounding haiti and how the and the gross human rights violations went.
The un independent expert on haiti said in 2015 that action to eradicate illiteracy is one of the top human rights priorities in haiti violations include. Related essays on human rights violation the calamitous quake displaced about a quarter of haiti s population human rights. Essay on human rights category: essays conclusion: even today, there are several instances of human rights violation at various places of the world. Humanitarian intervention has been defined as a state's use of military force (publicly stated that its use is for ending the violation of human rights) against. · research essay sample on human rights violations u s policy custom essay writing haiti human rights haitian.
Human rights violations in haiti essay
Essay on human rights ask a question can infringement on sovereignty of a nation-state be permissible for protection of and safeguard against human rights violation. According to its constitution and written laws, haiti meets most international human rights standards in practice, many provisions are not respected. Beyond intractability essays crinfo marking the transition from a classical internal conflict into a 'dirty war,' where human rights violations and not the.
Human rights violations in haiti essay haiti is plagued by crime and chaos within its streets, homes, and even its government there is widespread slavery, kidnapping, lack of security, lack of access to education, and police brutality. Essay on "human rights" complete essay for class 10, class 12 and graduation and other classes violation of human rights is very common among totalitarian. Minustah human rights section reports 17 annual report on the human rights situation in haiti (july 2015 and investigate human rights violations.
View this thesis on human rights abuse human rights violations among there are several human rights abuses that are perpetuated in afghanistan that makes the. United nations news centre and that human rights of all concerned are protected security tensions may have deepened rights violations in dprk. What is human rights abuse essays human rights abuses are occurrences where there are violations on an individual. Review essays recently be a "fictional" story about the negotiation to sell a child in haiti into slavery for of human rights' violations. This thematic essay has a minimum of six components (the historical circumstances that led to end the human rights violations for two different examples in history.
Essays related to human rights committing horrific human rights abuses – human rights watch forced labor/slavery and other human rights violations. Database of free human rights essays most people who live in third world countries, such as haiti 4 pages human rights violations by the armed forces. Human rights violations in haiti essay examples - haiti is plagued by crime and chaos within its streets, homes, and even its government there is widespread slavery. Haiti is a constitutional republic with a a joint hnp-un report called the killings a grave violation of human rights and urged the justice system to.
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A command-line DHCP manager
About once a month, I get a letter from a reader looking for a program that can generate an ASCII text file showing all of a system's existing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) leases. Fortunately, a tool in Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 Resource Kit offers a solution to this common problem.
The Problem
The DHCP service simplifies assigning IP addresses to computers on a network. After you designate a range of IP addresses (a scope in DHCP terminology) on a Windows NT server that acts as a DHCP server, you no longer need to manually enter IP addresses on your NT or other Windows workstations. Like magic, your PCs find the DHCP server, and the DHCP server gives them the next available IP address automatically.
Because DHCP gives the addresses only for a fixed length of time, the PCs lease their IP addresses from the server. The DHCP Manager that comes with NT Server lets you see a list of all currently-leased IP addresses, or active leases, but you can view them only through the DHCP Manager GUI.
You cannot use the DHCP Manager to output a list of active leases to a file. However, you might want to dump lease information to an ASCII file for several reasons: You need to feed information about active leases into your Domain Name System (DNS) servers (the link between the Windows Internet Naming Service--WINS--and DNS can be troublesome). You want to use the information as input into a homegrown network management tool. You want to back up the data, or you're just curious.
Problem Solved
DHCPCMD solves the text-dump problem. DHCPCMD is a command-line tool that lists active leases, creates new scopes, and modifies DHCP server parameters. I'll focus on the active lease listing function, because it's the most useful. The syntax looks like
dhcpcmd enumclients \[-v\] \[-h\]
Serveripaddress is the IP address of the DHCP server. You must use the server's IP address or a NetBIOS name (such as \\JUBJUB); DHCPCMD cannot resolve DNS names. Scopeaddress is the network number of the DHCP scope. Look in the left pane of the DHCP Manager, and you'll see the network number under the server's name. (If you're not clear about what a network number is, see "IP Routing with NT," March 1996.) The DHCP Manager lets you use labels, such as basic scope, as the scope address, but DHCPCMD takes only the network number. If you use the -v option, DHCPCMD will give you a lot of information through long, descriptive messages. If you use the -h option, DHCPCMD will include hardware information about the machines with active leases.
Suppose you have a DHCP server named Numberman at IP address that hands out leases from through, and the network number of this scope is You can ask the server to show you its active leases with either of the following commands:
dhcpcmd enumclients
dhcpcmd \\numberman enumclients
DHCP's response might look like
1200.200.100.10MYIBM01/30/1998 02:32:41
2200.200.100.11DOODAD01/30/1998 02:47:41
Command successfully completed.
In this example, only two computers have IP addresses on Numberman, but DHCPCMD will dump IP addresses for as many computers as you have. You can redirect the output to capture the list of computers for future reference. To save the previous list, I type
dhcpcmd \\numberman enumclients >saveit.txt
DHCPCMD will save the output to saveit.txt.
DHCPCMD is a cool tool that you're likely to find useful. Just remember that you must refer to DHCP servers by their IP address or NetBIOS name (not their DNS name), and you must refer to scopes by their network number (not their scope name). In addition, I found a limitation of DHCPCMD: I couldn't run the tool on a DHCP server from a workstation in a non-trusted domain, even though NT had authenticated me on the DHCP server with an account that the DHCP server recognized as an administrative account. Thus, a final rule: Run DHCPCMD from NT machines in trusted domains.


Connection Queue Information
In Proxy Server, a connection is first accepted by acceptor threads associated with the HTTP listener. The acceptor threads accept the connection and put it into the connection queue. Then, request processing threads take the connection in the connection queue and process the request. For more information, see Connection-Handling Overview.
Connection queue information shows the number of sessions in the connection queue, and the average delay before the connection is accepted by the request processing thread.
The following is an example of how these statistics are displayed in perfdump:
Current/Peak/Limit Queue Length 0/1853/160032
Total Connections Queued _PHONE_
Average Queue Length (1, 5, 15 minutes) 90.35, 89.64, 54.02
Average Queueing Delay 4.80 milliseconds
The following table shows the information displayed in the Admin Console when accessing monitoring information for the server instance:
Table 2–1 Connection Queue Statistics
Present Number of Connections Queued
Total Number of Connections Queued
Average Connections Over Last 1 Minute
Average Connections Over Last 5 Minutes
Average Connections Over Last 15 Minutes
Maximum Queue Size
Peak Queue Size
Number of Connections Overflowed
Ticks Spent
Total Number of Connections Added
Current /Peak /Limit Queue Length
Current/Peak/Limit queue length shows, in order:
If the peak queue length, also known as the maximum queue size, is close to the limit, you can increase the maximum connection queue size to avoid dropping connections under heavy load.
Total Connections Queued
Total Connections Queued is the total number of times a connection has been queued. This number includes newly-accepted connections and connections from the keep-alive system.
This setting is not tunable.
Average Queue Length
The Average Queue Length shows the average number of connections in the queue over the most recent one-minute, five-minute, and 15-minute intervals.
This setting is not tunable.
Average Queuing Delay
The Average Queueing Delay is the average amount of time a connection spends in the connection queue. This represents the delay between when a request connection is accepted by the server and when a request processing thread begins servicing the request. It is the Ticks Spent divided by the Total Connections Queued, and converted to milliseconds.
This setting is not tunable.
Ticks Spent
A tick is a system-dependent value and provided by the tickPerSecond attribute of the server element in stats.xml. The ticks spent value is the total amount of time that connections spent in the connection queue and is used to calculate the average queuing delay.
This setting is not tunable.
Total Number of Connections Added
The new connections added to the connection queue. This setting is not tunable.


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Connecting GA1000 to Tibbo Devices
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The GA1000 communicates with Tibbo devices through an SPI interface. Your device will control the GA1000 through five GPIO lines:
-CS -- SPI bus, chip select (active low);
-CLK -- SPI bus, clock;
-DI -- SPI bus, data in (must be connected to the GA1000's DO);
-DO -- SPI bus, data out (must be connected to the GA1000's DI);
-RST -- reset (active low). This line can be eliminated -- see below for details.
Providing hardware reset
The wln. object directly controls CS, CLK, DI, and DO lines. Your application, however, must take care of the proper hardware reset for the GA1000. There are two methods for doing this:
-Use a dedicated GPIO line to act as the RST line of the GA1000 interface (shown on diagram A below).
-Use 2 NAND gates to combine CS and CLK signals and produce the reset signal for the GA1000 (shown on diagram B). This approach takes advantage of the fact that during SPI communications, CLK line will never be LOW while the CS line is HIGH. Schematic diagram on figure B generates reset when CS=HIGH and CLK=LOW. This way you save one GPIO line of your programmable module.
Tibbo devices differ in whether the CS, CLK, DI, and DO lines are remappable. On the EM1000, EM1202, and EM1206, you can choose any set of GPIOs to control the GA1000. On the EM500 where remapping isn't provided, you just have to use "prescribed" GPIO lines.
Special case -- the EM500
Diagram C shows the recommended way of connecting the GA1000 to the EM500 module. GPIO lines are a precious commodity on the EM500 -- there are only eight of them available. As seen on the diagram C, you can get away with using only three lines to control the GA1000 (against the standard five lines). One line is saved by producing the reset out of CS and CLK lines. The second line is saved because EM500's bidirectional GPIOs allow interconnecting DI and DO. The EM500 does not allow remapping of GA1000 lines, so GPIO line assignment shown below cannot be changed.


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Samra Electric Power Company (SEPCO), a power utility in Jordan, has indicated the power grid has had difficulty covering peak loads observed during high temperature periods. As a result, SEPCO reviewed potential solutions for its Samra Power Plant to increase power plant generation during these peak periods. SEPCO's intent was to modify the gas turbines by installing a fogging system in the gas turbine inlet to increase plant power generation during high-temperature periods. K&M Advisors was engaged to evaluate the technical and commercial viability of the fogging system installation. The primary aim of the evaluation was to review the design of generating units' and auxiliary equipment and systems to determine their ability to support the increased power output during fogging system operation.
Gas turbine inlet air fogging consists of spraying water droplets into the inlet airflow of the gas turbine cooling the air by evaporation. When the fogging system is operated, the mass flow of the working fluid (air) increases through the gas turbine due to the water evaporation in the gas turbine inlet and decrease in the inlet air temperature. The increased mass flow causes an increase in gas turbine power output as the gas turbine compressor is more efficient at lower air temperatures. In addition to gas turbine power output, the implementation of a fogging system increases HRSG steam generation and in turn an increase in steam turbine output and exhaust steam flow. This increase in steam turbine output impacts the Air-Cooled Condenser (ACC) operation.
To assess the adequacy of the auxiliary systems when implementing the fogging system, K&M first developed GateCycle models of combined cycle plants. Using these models, K&M calculated heat and material balances for different ambient temperatures without and with the fogging system. For each combination of the ambient temperature and fogging system status, K&M developed a spreadsheet summarizing the system power output and power output increase, heat rate and heat rate change, fogging system evaporation rate/demineralized water requirements, and other steam and water parameters impacting operation of HRSG, steam turbine, ACC, and other auxiliary equipment that could be impacted by the fogging system. In addition to the mechanical equipment, all electrical equipment on the power generation side was also evaluated for potential impacts.
The overall conclusion of the study is that each phase of the plant experiences an increase of approximately 7-8% power output with the fogging system active which is a substantial output increase to the grid. The mechanical and electrical equipment for each phase of the plant was evaluated and verified to be capable of handling implementation of the fogging system. The major impact to current plant operation when implementing the fogging system is the water usage required for operation. The demineralizer system was analyzed to calculate the water requirements for the fogging operation for two modes of plant operation (non-cycling and cycling). The conclusion of this analysis is that the existing demineralizer system requires a combination of modifications to the demin water storage tanks, transfer pumps, and distribution piping to increase the capacity of the demin system to supply the fogging system. An alternative option is to add demin water production capacity along with additional storage. The additional water required also impacts the waste water capacity and could create an impact to the waste water treatment system.
As the procurement of the system developed, quotes were received for the fogging system installation, and it was determined that adding the fogging system is a very cost-effective way of getting peak power as compared to the construction of a peaking plant to handle peak loads. The total cost of modifying the gas turbine air inlet with the fogging system and additional demineralized water storage and pumping equipment is approximately 8% of the total cost of a new peaking plant with minimal impact to the existing plant. As a result of this comprehensive evaluation of all relevant equipment and systems along with the cost comparison of a fogging system against a new peaking plant, K&M recommended implementation of the fogging system for all four phases of the Samra plant.


Why Support Tells You to Wait 10 Seconds Before Rebooting Your Router
We've all heard it before when troubleshooting a router: unplug your router, wait ten seconds, and plug it back in. More often than not, this fixes whatever problem we have. But why is that? Superuser user Phoshi has an explanation.
It turns out it's all about capacitors. Phoshi explains:
A lot of modern technology contains capacitors! These are like energy buckets, little batteries that fill up when you put a current through them, and discharge otherwise. 10 seconds is the time it takes most capacitors to discharge enough for the electronics they're powering to stop working. That's why when you turn your PC off at the wall, things like an LED on your motherboard take a few seconds to disappear. You probably could wait a different time, but 10 seconds is the shortest time you can be sure everything's discharged.
So, it's all about capacitors. There's no magic trick involved where you have to wait exactly 10 seconds for the gremlins to disperse. Need a primer on exactly how capacitors work? Make has you covered.
Pulling the plug out for 10 seconds | Superuser via How-to Geek
Photo by Matt Newman.