American Astronomical Society - Sustainability Sustainability Tag Definition: Relates to the Sustainability Committee, a green AAS and energy conservation. en Traveling Virtually: How to Work Effectively with Less Travel Maintaining professional connections, running experiments, and disseminating results are key parts of the scientific process. Therefore, astronomers have long required and enjoyed frequent travel for attending meetings, observing, and giving seminars/colloquia. However, in the current era of shrinking budgets we are forced to consider how grant funding is best used, and part of the solution may be to find alternatives to air travel. It is an opportunity to assess whether all the travel we do is required. Improving technology now allows us to do remotely much of the work that previously required a physical trip. Reduced travel has the added benefits of reducing astronomy's large per-capita carbon footprint and doing our part to conserve energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions that are responsible for global warming. This article reviews some of the alternatives to travel and seeks to provide recommendations on how to work remotely effectively. Meetings Budget pressure and technology improvements are now driving a trend for more virtual meetings. NSF grant review panels are now done virtually, saving significant money and travel time. Committee members have had positive experiences with these reviews. The Gemini International Time Allocation Committee (ITAC) used to hold a two-day physical meeting requiring international or long-distance travel by most members. This is now done in roughly half a day with a virtual meeting that uses custom online interactive software. Many other examples exist and are only becoming more common. With the proper tools and organization virtual meetings can be very effective. Different solutions for effective remote meetings are appropriate for different environments. Hardware solutions such as Polycom systems can create "virtual conference rooms" that are appropriate for times when groups of people can be assembled into a few locations. These tend to be used by institutions with conference rooms that can afford the dedicated hardware. Polycom conferences work well for face-to-face discussions and non-interactive presentations (e.g., slides). However, too many connections make the images of the participants small and hard to see. The screen resolution is usually too low to view computer screens for interactive work or demonstrations. Collaborative work probably requires specialized software (e.g., the Gemini ITAC software), or web services such as Google Drive, Microsoft Office 365, or equivalents. WebEx is another commercial product that allows sharing of presentations in a virtual conference setting that one may consider. We have learned that it is used extensively for NASA meetings and by observatories like NRAO. Software solutions such as Skype, Google+ Hangout, and GoToMeeting are effective on most computers and mobile devices and seem to be better for smaller groups and interactive demonstrations. They are generally cheaper than Polycoms, but reliability and smoothness of communication may depend on the service selected and the number of connections required. Since these solutions run on normal computers, they are good for very distributed groups and individuals. They tend to have higher screen resolutions than Polycoms, allowing for a more personal experience and effective screen sharing. One might consider using Polycoms in addition to a screen-sharing service as an alternative. While camera resolutions and bandwidth continue to improve, virtual meetings will not replace the experience of physically meeting and interacting with colleagues. Detecting subtle visual clues that are important for good communication requires good bandwidth and resolution. If you are going to be doing frequent remote meetings with the same people then it is very useful to start with a physical meeting. The better you know the person on the other end of the fiber, the easier it is to videoconference with them. While a lot of meetings can now be attended virtually, sometimes physical meetings are important and appropriate. The point is to be selective about the meetings you attend in person. If you are organizing or planning to attend a meeting there are a few things that can be done to minimize the amount of travel needed and the carbon footprint of the event. First, avoid meetings that require as much or more travel time than the duration of the meeting, e.g., flying from the US to Europe for a two-day workshop. These are good opportunities for virtual meetings. Second, consider organizing short but related meetings together so that the attendees don't have to travel as often. This is an obvious time and money saver that is becoming more and more common. The AAS offers various services to encourage combining meetings, including splinter sessions and "meetings in a meeting" during AAS meetings. Recently the TMT Science Forum was organized back-to-back with its Science Working Group meeting. These are just two of many examples. Meeting organizers should consider having the meetings in central locations near major airports that minimize the travel distance for all participants. Consider holding meetings that are accessible with a single direct flight rather than two flights (take-offs and landings are especially fuel intensive). Finally, consider webcasting and/or allowing virtual attendance at the meetings for participants who are not able to travel. These and other recommendations were discussed in the Sustainability Committee's splinter meeting at AAS 220 in Anchorage in 2012. More information can be found on the Sustainable AAS page. Observing New modes of observing now allow for the collection of data without the need to travel long distances to observing runs that can be easily weathered out. Queue or service observing is a popular mode in which observatory staff executes the observations in the conditions for which they were requested. This mode is also advantageous for observing objects with timing constraints such as eclipses, occultations, and supernovae and GRB follow-up. All space observatories and many major ground-based observatories — including Gemini, VLT, ALMA, and the VLA — offer or are exclusively queue scheduled. Next-generation facilities such as the ELTs are also considering, and should be encouraged to implement, queue scheduling. Some astronomers feel that with queue observing they lose the ability to provide feedback to the observatory about their data, or lose that vital "personal connection" with the observatory. All queue-scheduled observatories provide some means for feedback and the processes have been improving over time. Gemini sends email daily to notify PIs of new data, with a link to download the files. PIs can then evaluate the data and send feedback or request changes to their contact scientists. For more immediate interaction, a new "eavesdropping" mode allows a remote PI to "look over the shoulder" of a queue observer via a Skype connection when the PI's observations come up in the queue. Data can be obtained in near real-time for on-the-fly evaluation. This mode is especially useful for complicated target acquisitions and when the target brightness, and therefore the exposure time, is not well known. Other observatories such as Keck, LBT, Apache Point (APO), SOAR, and GBT provide remote observing where the observer controls the telescope from an office in their institution. ALMA is planning to move operations to Santiago, making it remotely operated for staff and saving them travel. VNC connections and/or special remote observing software are used to control the telescope and instruments and view data as if you were on-site. The observer is still subject to the vagaries of the weather and the Internet but avoids the time and expense of a long trip and can immediately evaluate the data and make adjustments. With video conferencing it is helpful to know the people first; with remote and queue observing it is helpful to know the observatory first. Some observatories, like SOAR, APO, and GBT, require observers to make a site visit for training before they can observe remotely. Visiting a telescope with queue scheduling can teach you a lot about how its systems and instruments work so that you can get the most out of your telescope time. Classical, or visitor, observing is one way to visit, but not the only way. Gemini encourages both queue and classical PIs to visit for a week or two to learn the system, meet the staff, reduce data, and give a science talk. This is especially good for students. The visitors, and the observatory, get more out of the visit and the PIs go home feeling better connected to the facility and often become more effective queue observers. Get Involved The trends toward virtual meetings and remote/queue observing are being driven by a combination of budgetary and operations/flexibility considerations. These are also important steps toward making our profession more sustainable in the future, as the need to reduce the human carbon footprint becomes increasingly clear. In this, all of us have


text:
Published Tuesday, 22 November 2011
Securing Biomass for Energy
Reaching medium and longer term renewable energy targets requires considerable effort in stepping up renewable energy deployment. In this context, the UK gears up for a major expansion in bioenergy supply, which necessitates a strategy for making best use of this valuable but environmentally very sensitive resource.
Given the environmental sensitivities surrounding different bioenergy sources, a new IEEP report commissioned by the RSPB, Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace UK and the Woodland Trust proposes a sustainability hierarchy as a strategic approach for exploiting the UK's domestic bioenergy resource. This hierarchy of biomass feedstocks seeks to deliver environmental benefits beyond greenhouse gas savings. The report also develops a suite of sectoral policy tools to implement the hierarchy in practice.
- Securing Biomass for Energy PDF 1.9 MB

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
We Troubled the Waters by Ntozake Shange paintings by Rod Brown
This is a collection of 18 poems, from freed to the civil rights. Beginning with Booker T Washingtion School, 1941. About the first one room school for Black children and their teachers from Tuskgee.
There's a poem about Dr. Martin Luther King. Jr. Brown's painting of Dr. King is amazing. Overall, Brown's art made me pause and take notice. They are simply could be hanging in a museum beautiful.
The three poems that stand out for me - Crying Trees, The Ku Klux Klan and Brother Malcolm.
Crying Trees - Is about Black men being lynched. Shange's words are enough to touch a readers heart. Though for this particular poem I noticed Brown's art first. A picture is worth a thousand words is a saying for a reason. Black men hanging from trees is an ugly truth of this countries past.
The Ku Klux Klan - This poem stood out for me for two reasons. 1. Like lynching, I think the Klan tends to get overlooked. 2. The last line is lovely.
"hatred dies hard death and the Klan aint dead yet"
Brother Malcolm - Malcolm X, seems to be excluded or forgotten from children's books. I am not sure which.
Fans of Ntozake Shange and Rod Brown will love We Troubled The Waters. This is a wonderful place to begin for people unfamiliar with their work. This collection will make you think, remember, teach and lead to discussions.
Ages 10 up


_USER_{NBERw13771, title = "What Accounts for the Rising Sophistication of China's Exports?", author = "Zhi Wang and Shang-Jin Wei", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "13771", year = "2008", month = "February", doi = {10.3386/w13771}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {Chinese exports have become increasingly sophisticated. This has generated anxiety in developed countries as competitive pressure may increasingly be felt outside labor-intensive industries. Using product-level data on exports from different cities within China, this paper investigates the contributing factors to China's rising export sophistication. Somewhat surprisingly, neither processing trade nor foreign invested firms are found to play an important role in generating the increased overlap between China's export structure and that of high-income countries. Instead, improvement in human capital and government policies in the form of tax-favored high-tech zones appear to be the key to the country's evolving export structure. On the other hand, processing trade, foreign invested firms, and government-sponsored high-tech zones all have contributed significantly to raising the unit values of Chinese exports within a given product category.}, }


text:
Our social evaluation of other people is influenced by their faces and their voices. However, rather little is known about how these channels combine in forming "first impressions. " Over 5 experiments, we investigate the relative contributions of facial and vocal information for social judgments: dominance and trustworthiness. The experiments manipulate each of these sources of information within-person, combining faces and voices giving rise to different social attributions. We report that vocal pitch is a reliable source of information for judgments of dominance (Study 1), but not trustworthiness (Study 4). Faces and voices make reliable, but independent, contributions to social evaluation. However, voices have the larger influence in judgments of dominance (Study 2), whereas faces have the larger influence in judgments of trustworthiness (Study 5). The independent contribution of the 2 sources appears to be mandatory, as instructions to ignore 1 channel do not eliminate its influence (Study 3). Our results show that information contained in both the face and the voice contributes to first impression formation. This combination is, to some degree, outside conscious control, and the weighting of channel contribution varies according the trait being perceived.
|Number of pages||11|
|Journal||Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance|
|Publication status||Published - Jan 2018|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Selection rule for Dirac-like points in two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals
KAUST DepartmentComputer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division
Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program
Waves in Complex Media Research Group
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractWe developed a selection rule for Dirac-like points in two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals. The rule is derived from a perturbation theory and states that a non-zero, mode-coupling integral between the degenerate Bloch states guarantees a Dirac-like point, regardless of the type of the degeneracy. In fact, the selection rule can also be determined from the symmetry of the Bloch states even without computing the integral. Thus, the existence of Dirac-like points can be quickly and conclusively predicted for various photonic crystals independent of wave polarization, lattice structure, and composition. © 2013 Optical Society of America.
SponsorsThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. _PHONE_), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2012ZZ0077), and the KAUST Baseline Research Fund.
PublisherThe Optical Society
- Wyckoff positions and the expression of polarization singularities in photonic crystals.
- Authors: Wheeldon JF, Schriemer H
- Issue date: 2009 Feb 16
- Double Dirac cones in two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals.
- Authors: Li Y, Mei J
- Issue date: 2015 May 4
- Three-dimensional dielectric phoxonic crystals with network topology.
- Authors: Ma TX, Wang YS, Wang YF, Su XX
- Issue date: 2013 Feb 11
- Light propagation in three-dimensional photonic crystals.
- Authors: Kawashima S, Ishizaki K, Noda S
- Issue date: 2010 Jan 4
- All-optical bistability and switching near the Dirac point of a 2-D photonic crystal.
- Authors: Mattiucci N, Bloemer MJ, D'Aguanno G
- Issue date: 2013 May 20


text:
KAIZENITH ADMISSIONS CONSULTING WELCOMES YOU
The Cutting Edge
KaiZenith develops each student's unique personal brand and amplifies every student's voice. Careful attention is paid to spelling, format, grammar, and style.
At KaiZenith, your consultant will break down each step of the application process and create a manageable plan to complete tedious and confusing applications. We help students research their school list, reflect on their personal experiences, and dazzle admissions committees.
In addition to preparing students for common questions, we practice how to approach unique interview scenarios. We focus on confidence, body language, tone, and clarity. We have guided students through tough interviews for medical, dental, veterinary, law, and even OxBridge schools.


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If you are a radio amateur and have dozens, maybe hundreds of different electronic component, then check out this project. With it, you can organize the storage of parts. The automated storage and accounting system for electronic components is a unique solution for organizing and storing electronic components. Dedicated software enables component cataloging with built-in search functionality for quick access to specific components. LEDs above each drawer are used to indicate the location and status of individual parts or a group of components.
However, the idea behind this device can be applied not only in radio amateurs, but also in the accounting and storage system of other things or goods.
Tools and materials: -Power adapter 5V 3A; -Raspberry Pi 4 Model B; -Touch IPS-display compatible with Raspberry Pi 4B/3B; -LED strip WS2812b, 30 LEDs per meter;
-Black spray paint;
-Computer with software;
Step one : idea
photos above, the previous place of storage of components at the master. In principle, it is neat and sorted, but it takes a lot of time to find the right part.
To solve the problem, the master decided to automate everything.
The idea is to store all the components in one system. The storage system will consist of many drawers, and an LED will be installed above each drawer.
The user will use special software to interact with the storage system. When the user searches for components, the system displays the first search results on the screen. At the same time, the LEDs corresponding to the search light up, which indicates the location of the component in the storage system.
In addition to displaying the location, the color of the LEDs will also indicate the state (i.e. quantity) of each component.
So, to implement the project you need:
Create a simple storage and retrieval system for small to medium sized components.
Create a programming interface for cataloging and searching by component.
Use RGB LEDs to indicate the location and status of each component.
All files, print, code and etc. available here.
Step two: design
The master began the work with 3D-modeling of the storage system itself.
He developed a storage system in the form of blocks of boxes, of different sizes, printed on a 3D printer. The drawers are arranged in a 35 × 12 grid, 310 drawers in total. This space is sufficient to store all current components and there is room for future expansion.
The vertical distance between the drawers is designed to accommodate a 10mm wide LED strip above each row of drawers. The horizontal distance is equal to the distance between the LEDs on the LED strip. The master decided that using a 30 LED strip/meter would provide an ideal distance.
All parts, drawers and drawer holders are printed separately and assembled in the desired configuration. The boxes are available in a variety of sizes and any box configuration will work with the software after some code changes.
To minimize filament consumption and print time, the wall thickness of all 3D printed parts is minimized. Once assembled, the overall storage unit is strong enough to accommodate most light to medium components.
Since the storage system requires a display, the master designed an adjustable bracket for mounting the display and electronics.
All parts of the display bracket were designed for 3D printing and assembled with M8 bolts and nuts. The display bracket is designed to accommodate the HDMI display, Raspberry Pi and all wiring.
The bracket was developed based on a project at Thhingiverse.
< a href = "_URL_ rel = "prettyPhoto"> Step Three: 3D Printing
After 3D modeling all parts, hundreds of parts need to be printed.
Master used Prusa MK2S 3D printer for all 3D printed parts of this project. He used 0.2mm PLA filament with 0% infill.
Support material was only required for the medium-sized drawer holder and the large-sized drawer holder. The ideal tolerance between drawers and drawer holders is 0.2 mm.
After printing out all the individual pieces, he used superglue to put all the drawer holders together in a 35 × 12 grid.
The painting is due to the fact that the master did not have enough thread of the same color. He simply dyed the parts printed with a thread of a different color.
It took about 5 kg of thread to print all the parts.
Step Four: Electronics
On the electronics side, the hardware selection was pretty straightforward.
For the user interface, he chose a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B connected to a display via HDMI. You can also use the Raspberry Pi without a display and control the system from another device via the SSH network protocol. Older versions of Raspberry Pi can also work if they can run Python 3. The Neopixel library used in this project is not supported by Python 2.
For the display, he chose 30LED/m, WS2812b. Other LED strips will also work if supported by the Neopixel library.
In terms of wiring, three USB-C cables are used to supply power to the Raspberry Pi, display, and LEDs. The HDMI cable is used to connect the display and the Raspberry Pi.
Arduino Uno shown in the photo are optional. It is possible to transfer data to the Arduino via the serial port and use it as an LED controller, but for the sake of simplicity, the master decided not to use the Arduino in this project.
Since the Raspberry Pi GPIO only has 3V3, a four-level switch type could be included in the data line for the LEDs 74AHCT125. But so far he has had no problems.
A tutorial on using Neopixel with Python and Raspberry Pi can be found here.
< a href = "_URL_ rel = "prettyPhoto"> Step Five: Software Review
While all the parts were being 3D printed, the wizard began to develop software that controls the entire system.
The software is written in Python 3 and is designed to work as a console application for the Raspberry Pi. The functionality of the software can be divided into three parts:
Read from file/Write to file
Output of results to console and LEDs
The following functions are available to the user:
List all components: all
Search component by ID: ID22
Search component by parameters: R, 22, SMD
Change the quantity of component: ID35 + 10
Add new component: PI89: PI90, 100pcs, C, 470u, SMD: add
Delete existing component: ID10: rm
Read from file/write to file
Component data is stored in a .txt file. Depending on the input, the software either looks for data in the file or writes new data to the file. New data is recorded when components are removed, added or changed.
The program outputs the operation results to the console. If a search has been made, it also displays data on LEDs.
Step Six: Data Structure
Component data in a .txt file has a specific structure. Each line of the file contains information about one component that is stored in the system. Each component consists of several parameters, separated by a comma.
Some parameters are required and are used by the software to track component locations and LED colors. Therefore, they must conform to a specific format.
Required parameters and their formats:
ID (in IDX format, where X is one or more digits)
An identifier acts as a unique identifier for each component. Used when finding and removing components.
PI (in PIX format: where X is one or more digits)
PI describes which LEDs correspond to which component.
Quantity (in format Xpcs, where X is one or more digits)
Quantity is used to determine the LED color for each component.
The rest of the parameters are just for the user. The software doesn't need to interact with them, so their format is optional.
Step Seven: Build
The assembly can be divided into two parts, the first part is the display and the electronics.
The craftsman assembled the bracket and fixed the display on it. Then he fixed the display on it and Rusbury. Made a connection.
Second part is the organizer itself. The organizer is attached to the plywood through specially designed mounting holes.
Then LED strips are glued to each row and connected together. The configuration of each row and direction of the LED strip does not matter as it can be changed by software.
To complete the assembly, the wizard attached a display bracket with electronics to the side of the plywood panel.
Then sorted all the components by cell and added them to the file database.
< a href = "_URL_ rel = "prettyPhoto"> All ready. According to the master, he is very pleased with the new organizer.
Thanks to the master, and if you want to establish accounting and storage in a similar way, I advise you to read the comments at the source. There are a few ideas out there that can greatly improve and simplify the system.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Beta-amyloid (β-A) peptides are potential biomarkers to monitor Alzheimer's diseases (AD) for diagnostic purposes. Increased β-A level is neurotoxic and induces oxidative stress in brain resulting in neurodegeneration and causes dementia. As of now, no sensitive and inexpensive method is available for β-A detection under physiological and pathological conditions. Although, available methods such as neuroimaging, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detect β-A, but they are not yet extended at point-of-care (POC) due to sophisticated equipments, need of high expertize, complicated operations, and challenge of low detection limit. Recently, β-A antibody based electrochemical immuno-sensing approach has been explored to detect β-A at pM levels within 30-40 min compared to 6-8h of ELISA test. The introduction of nano-enabling electrochemical sensing technology could enable rapid detection of β-A at POC and may facilitate fast personalized health care delivery. This review explores recent advancements in nano-enabling electrochemical β-A sensing technologies towards POC application to AD management. These analytical tools can serve as an analytical tool for AD management program to obtain bio-informatics needed to optimize therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases diagnosis management.
Keywords: Alzheimer's diseases; Beta-amyloid; Diseases management; Electrochemical sensor; Point-of-care sensing.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Philips Avent uGrow
Philips DesignNetherlands
Production / Professional
Philips Design Team
uGrow is a Digital Parenting Platform that provides expert support and personalized advice to support baby's healthy development.
There is a paradigm shift in parenting. Parents are increasingly connected and millennials seek new routes for advice, with 75% of new parents turning to their mobile first for advice. uGrow enlightens them on some of the challenges of parenting, making sense of data to give their baby a voice.
uGrow explained:
Designed to provide expert support throughout the parenting journey, uGrow is a mobile app, connected to devices and services that combine into a complete digital platform to provide unique, personalized insights into baby's development and milestones.
A medically certified (class 1) digital service, it guides and supports parents with information and insights based on their baby's needs and behaviors. These are discerned through an ecosystem of uGrow connected products and devices.
- uGrow understands: Data is captured through trackers and connected devices
- uGrow reassures: Based on the unique data of the baby parents receive meaningful insights and relevant content matching the age and context of their child.
- uGrow celebrates: Memorable moments can be captured through photos and milestone stickers which are saved on a central timeline.
- uGrow remembers: To identify feeding and sleeping patterns and correlations parents can consult graphs and spot possible problem areas or share these with their pediatrician or midwife.
- uGrow is built onto the Philips Health Suite Digital Platform (HSDP) providing absolutely secure and medically certified data storage for all baby's data.
How it was developed:
- Design working in a close collaboration with the development team, co-located at least 2-3 days a week
- Design work according to the SAFe method (Scaled AGILE framework). Design actively engage on product ownership, supporting prioritization and working in sprints.
- Design initiated the concept of super sprint to address market and user feedback
- Continual testing: usability testing, home placement tests, iterative feedback loops. Closed BETA to open BETA launch structure.
- Design own UX runway, prototyping key features to support value stream.
This makes the design innovative and unique:
- uGrow is Human: Babies are much more than a set of data points. We track & visualize and provide insights on your baby in a way that is relevant & easy to understand.
- uGrow is Relevant: Content is offered and triggered related to parent / baby behaviors as well as age and stage of development. We keep it simple and contextually relevant, avoiding that parents get lost in complex and deep screen structures.
- uGrow is Meaningful: We know that parents love to collect milestones, but that its tricky to organize. uGrow automatically captures key milestones and the UX supports parents to capture their own with photos and stickers, with a unique timeline that automatically generates a memory.
© 2012 - 2021 Interaction Design Association


= Hello 3. Create an ammo file: Ammo format: one line – one request, each line begins with case name separated by tab symbol ('t'). Case name defines the method of your test class that will be executed. The line itself will be passed to your method as 'missile' parameter. If there was no case name for an ammo, the 'default' case name will be used case1my-case1-ammo case2my-case2-ammo my-default-case-ammo Note: TIP: if each line is a JSON-encoded document, you can easily parse it inside your scenario code 4.
Shoot em all!
How it works 6.2. Load Generators 37
Yandex.Tank Documentation, Release 1.1.1 BFG Worker Type By default, BFG will create lots of processes (number is defined by instances option). Every process will execute requests in a single thread. These processes will comsume a lot of memory. It's also possible to switch this behavior and use gevent to power up every worker process, allowing it to have multiple concurrent threads executing HTTP requests. With green worker, it's recommended to set instances to number of CPU cores, and adjust the number of real threads by green_threads_per_instance option.
INI file section: [bfg] worker_type Set it to green to let every process have multiple concurrent green threads. green_threads_per_instance Number of green threads every worker process will execute. Only affects green worker type. BFG Options INI file section: [bfg] gun_type What kind of gun should BFG use. ammo_type What ammo parser should BFG use. Default: caseline. pip Install python modules with pip install --user before the test. init_param An initialization parameter that will be passed to your setup method. other common stepper options Ultimate Gun Options gun_type = ultimate INI file section: [ultimate_gun] module_path Path to your module module_name Python module name class_name Class that contains load scenarios, default: LoadTest The fields of measuring context object and their default values: send_ts A timestamp when context was entered.
tag A marker passed to the context. interval_real The time interval from enter to exit. If the user defines his own value, it will be preserved. Microseconds.
connect_time Microseconds. Default: 0 send_time Microseconds. Default: 0 latency Microseconds. Default: 0 receive_time Microseconds. Default: 0 interval_event Microseconds. Default: 0 38 Chapter 6. Modules
Yandex.Tank Documentation, Release 1.1.1 size_out Bytes out. Integer. Default: 0 size_in Bytes in. Integer. Default: 0 net_code Network code. Integer. Default: 0 proto_code Protocol code (http, for example). Integer. Default: 200 SQL Gun Options gun_type = sql INI file section: [sql_gun] db DB uri in format: dialect+driver://user:password@host/dbname[?key=value..
where dialect is a database name such as mysql, oracle, postgresql, etc., and driver the name of a DBAPI, such as psycopg2, pyodbc, cx_oracle, etc. details 6.2.4 Pandora Pandora is a load generator written in Go. For now it supports only SPDY/3 and HTTP(S). Plugins for other protocols (HTTP/2, Websocket, XMPP) are on the way.
First of all you'll need to obtain a binary of pandora and place it somewhere on your machine. By default, Yandex.Tank will try to just run pandora (or you could specify a path to binary in pandora_cmd). Disable phantom first (unless you really want to keep it active alongside at your own risk), enable Pandora plugin and then specify the parameters. [tank] ; Disable phantom: plugin_phantom= ; Enable Pandora instead: plugin_pandora=yandextank.plugins.Pandora ; Pandora config section: [pandora] ; Pandora executable path pandora_cmd=/usr/bin/pandora ; Enable/disable expvar monitoring expvar = 1 ; default ; Pandora config contents (json) config_content = { "pools": [ { "name": "dummy pool", "gun": {"type": "log"}, "ammo": { "type": "dummy/log", "AmmoLimit": _PHONE_ }, "result": { "type": "log/phout", "destination .
phout.log" }, "shared-limits": false, "user-limiter": { 6.2. Load Generators 39
Yandex.Tank Documentation, Release 1.1.1 "type": "unlimited" }, "startup-limiter": { "type": "periodic", "batch": 1, "max": 5, "period": "0.5s" } }]} ; OR config file (yaml or json) config_file = pandora_config.yml Schedules The first schedule type is periodic schedule. It is defined as periodic(, , ). Pandora will issue one batch of size batch_size, once in period seconds, maximum of limit ticks. Those ticks may be used in different places, for example as a limiter for user startups or as a limiter for each user request rate.
Example: startup_schedule = periodic(2, 0.1, 100) user_schedule = periodic(10, 15, 100) shared_schedule = 0 Start 2 users every 0.1 seconds, 100 batches, maximum of 2 * 100 = 200 users.
Each user will issue requests in batches of 10 requests, every 15 seconds, maximum of 100 requests. All users will read from one ammo source. Second schedule type is linear. It is defined like this: linear ) . Example: user_schedule = linear(.1, 10, 10m) shared_schedule = 1 The load will raise from .1 RPS (1 request in 10 seconds) until 10 RPS during 10 minutes. Since shared_schedule is 1, this defines the overall load.
The last schedule type is unlimited. It has no parameters and users will shoot as soon as possible. It is convenient to use this type of load to find out maximum performance of a service and its level of parallelism. You should limit the loop number if you want the test to stop eventually. Example: loop = _PHONE_ startup_schedule = periodic(2, 10, 50) user_schedule = unlimited() shared_schedule = 0 Start 2 users every 10 seconds. Every user will shoot without any limits (next request is sended as soon as the previous response have been received). This is analogous to phantom's instances schedule mode.
6.3 Artifact uploaders 40 Chapter 6. Modules
Yandex.Tank Documentation, Release 1.1.1 Note: Graphite uploader, InfluxDB uploader and BlazeMeter Sense are not currently supported in the last Yandex.Tank version. If you want one of them, use 1.7 branch. 6.3.1 Yandex.Overload Overload is a service for performance analytics made by Yandex. We will store your performance experiments results and show them in graphic and tabular form. Your data will be available at _URL_. INI file section: [overload] Options token_file Place your token obtained from Overload (click your profile photo) into a file and specify the path here job_name (Optional) Name of a job to be displayed in Yandex.Overload job_dsc (Optional) Description of a job to be displayed in Yandex.Overload Example: [tank] ; plugin is disabled by default, enable it: plugin_uploader=yandextank.plugins.DataUploader overload [overload] token_file=token.txt job_name=test job_dsc=test description 6.4 Handy tools 6.4.1 Auto-stop The Auto-stop module gets the data from the aggregator and passes them to the criteria-objects that decide if we should stop the test.
INI file section: [autostop] 6.4. Handy tools 41
Yandex.Tank Documentation, Release 1.1.1 Options autostop Criteria list divided by spaces, in following format: type(parameters) Basic criteria types time Stop the test if average response time is higher then allowed. Example: time(1s500ms, 30s) time(50,15). Exit code - 21 http Stop the test if the count of responses in time period (specified) with HTTP codes fitting the mask is larger then the specified absolute or relative value. Examples: http(404,10,15) http(5xx, 10%, 1m). Exit code - 22 net Like http, but for network codes.
Use xx for all non-zero codes. Exit code - 23 quantile Stop the test if the specified percentile is larger then specified level for


text:
Flood Resilient scheme £0.25m most happen significantly reducing River Calder flooding for Mirfield
Install a spillway, or extension of weir downstream of Shepley Bridge
A spillway, or extension of the weir set at the same datum level 39.630m AOD as the existing weir would not affect the water level of the weir nor the Hebble Navigation.
As you can see from my video _URL_ which was taken at 3.30 pm 26th December 2015 the outcrop of land between the Ship-inn and the weir is submerged by flood water, my calculation indicates between 60 and 70 cubic meters p/s past over this point and continued to do so over a 2 hour period within this timescale Ravensthorpe nor Dewsbury downstream of this area flooded.
The outcrop of land removes the energy from the flow restricting slowing the movement of water. However, if a spillway or extension of the weir was constructed between the wier and Shepley Bridge I would expect the spillway or extended weir to remove 19 cubic meters of flood water per second, for one minute this would remove 1.140 cubic meters the equivalent to a football field one meter deep. This would have significantly reduced flooding on Boxing day 2015 across the footprint of Mirfield River Calder and creating a faster flood water retreat with less debris left behind over than the main river channel.
This also would significantly reduce the number of times Steanard lane floods. Computer Model River Calder foot-print Mirfield Flow Rates 2015
The model is showing some interesting results, and pointing to answers to reducing flooding across the river Calder footprint of Mirfield. On Boxing day 2015 time 3.30 PM at Ledgard bridge Mirfield 453.6 cubic meters per second of water past this point. To understand in more detail the benefits which a spillway or extension of weir at a rate of 19m3 P/S or more would mean for Mirfield,
Ledgard bridge Mirfield chart indicates flood is possible at 2.52, and stared 25th December 2015 9.0pm and peaked at 5.30pm 26th December 2015 which was 20 hours later. spillway or extension of the weir would have activated at 2.52,25th December 2015 9.0pm and continued to work throughout the event.
However with the evidence 60 and 70 cubic meters p/s past over the outcrop of land at Shepley Bridge and continued to do so over a 2 hour period within this timescale Ravensthorpe nor Dewsbury downstream of this area flooded. I believe we could safely increase from 19m3 l/s to 45m3 l/s?
For an example would be the storm which closed the Ship Inn on the 13th December 2015 The chart quite clearly shows the peek of the flooding at 9.00pm 13th December 2015, however, the outcrop of land at Shepley Bridge was not submerged by flood water throughout the event.
Releasing an extra 19m3 P/S over the 3-hour period would have allowed 205,200 cubic meters to past the weir and the Ship Inn would not have flooded. based on the events of 13th December 2915.
River Weir 6, Battyeford = 45.279m AOD River Weir 8, Greenwood Shepley Bridge = 39.630m AOD. Calder footprint across Mirfield reach is approximately 4.5km over that distance gives a fall of 0.5649 it would take 11.63 minutes for the water to travel this distance
From the video footage, and photos from the 26-12-2016 All the calculation are from timescale 3.PM – 5.PM and re-visiting the areas, calculating depth, and square meters with a little guesswork? I now can estimate the volume of flood water which Mirfield floodplains off-line storage held.
- The playing field at John Cottons floodplains this area held, and released 38,220.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Calder view floodplains this area held, and released 49,322.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Calder views exit road this area held, and released 4,804.0 cubic meters of flood water..
- Huddleston Court at this area held, and released 3,118.0 cubic meters of flood water,
- Newgate at this area held, and released 612.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Station road at this area held, and released 1,489.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Allotments floodplain at this area held, and released 19,152.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- . Walkers factory floodplain at this area held, and released 48,021.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Lowlands at this area held, and released 32,670.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Between Walkers factory, DR Reddy's floodplain at this area held, and released 43,010.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- DR Reddy's floodplain at this area held, and released 15,758.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- .Steanard Lane at this area held, and released 2,928.0 cubic meters of flood water.
The grand total of flood water offline storage on Boxing day 2015 calculates to 259,104.00 cubic meters of flood water. This can also be multiplied by 120 minutes which is the two hours from 3.30.PM – 5.30.PM and this is the time scale which most of my date was collected?
If an extra 19 cubic meters of flood water per second past the weir at Shepley Bridge over the 2 hour period 136.800 cubic meters would have past downstream, take that from 259,104.00 0ffline storage = 122.304 cubic meters over the 2 hour period significantly reducing the amount of offline storage for Mirfield.
Please don't hesitate to contact me on this matter


text:
Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Ulm (Germany)
HPC Platform used:
HPC Systems of HLRS
The interaction of water with surfaces is of ubiquitous relevance in many different contexts, such as corrosion, electrochemistry, or biological systems, just to name a few. Still, our knowledge of atomistic processes at such interfaces is limited. For example, one of the main obstacles in the better performance of fuel cells is an incomplete understanding of a basic electrochemical reaction, the so-called oxygen reduction reaction. Prof. Groß and his team of the University of Ulm use the HPC systems of GCS to perform ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of structures and processes at metal-liquid interfaces which combine a reliable quantum chemical description of the interatomic interaction with a proper averaging over the many different possible configurations of the liquid. With this approach, the team of scientists addresses electrode structures and electrochemical reactions in order to contribute to the improvement of the performance of fuel cells based on a better understanding of elementary processes.
Full article available in inSiDE, Vol. 10 No. 1
Prof. Dr. Axel Groß
Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Ulm
Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm


text:
Minute nanoscale whiskers taken from sea creatures hold the key to creating human muscle tissue, say researchers.
University of Manchester academics Stephen Eichhorn and Julie Gough, working with doctoral student James Dugan, chemically extracted cellulose in the form of nanowhiskers from tunicates, known as sea squirts.
"Cellulose is being looked at very closely around the world because of its unique properties, and because it is a renewable resource. But this is the first time it has been used for skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications," said Eichhorn.
Cellulose is a polysaccharide — a long chain of sugars joined together — usually found in plants. It is the main component of paper and certain textiles such as cotton, according to a Manchester statement.
Tunicates grow on rocks and man-made structures in coastal waters. Nanowhiskers are tens of thousand of times smaller than muscle cells and are the smallest physical feature found to cause cell alignment.
Nanowhiskers are already being used for a number of different medical applications, including wound dressings, but this is the first time it has been proposed for creating skeletal muscle tissue, help repair existing muscle or even grow muscle from scratch.
Keywords: muscle tissue research


text:
West Meadows Lot 15
- Ditch diversion, a pump, and pond design to allow for irrigation of 36-acres site.
- Valve vault installed to separate flow in various ways between two lots or to the irrigation system.
- RFE designed a pond and water feature with a recirculating pump.
- Grading and drainage plan, hydraulic analysis and channel design, flow control structure design, and utility infrastructure.
RFE performed the civil site design for a 36-acre property just outside of Telluride, Colorado. The project consisted of a ditch diversion, a pump, and pond design to allow for irrigation of the site. The ditch diversion structure had two flumes to divert the ditch water into two separate wetwells. The wetwells contained filtration systems and pumps to serve two separate properties adequate water for irrigation. An irrigation system and storage pond were already in place for one of the lots, but project goals included a new design with the ability to combine the systems of both lots and develop an additional storage pond. To do this, a complex design including a valve vault was installed to divert the ditch water as preferred by the operator. The vault could separate the flows to either lot, a combination of the two, or directly to the irrigation system. In the designed pond, a recirculating pump was included to cycle water through the pond and a water feature. The proposed pond was designed to meet non-jurisdictional dam requirements with an overflow pipe and emergency spillway were included in the pond to either return water to the ditch or sheet flow the overtopping flows away from the project vicinity.
RFE created a grading and drainage plan for the entire property, managed utility infrastructure, and completed the design for the irrigation ditch and the pond. To accomplish this, tasks included hydraulic analysis and channel design, flow control structure design, and a new surrounding area grading plan to mitigate surface runoff. The design aspect of the project was completed in September 2017 and construction is expected to be completed in the summer of 2018.


) should be used. This option cannot be used with -+.
-Cr, --read causes the generated scanner to bypass use of the standard I/O library (stdio) for input. Instead of calling fread() or getc(), the scanner will use the read() system call, resulting in a performance gain which varies from system to system, but in general is probably negligible unless you are also using -Cf or -CF. Using -Cr can cause strange behavior if, for example, you read from yyin using stdio prior to calling the scanner (because the scanner will miss whatever text your previous reads left in the stdio input buffer).
-Cr has no effect if you define YY_INPUT (see The Generated Scanner above).
slowest & smallest -Cem -Cm -Ce -C -C{f,F}e -C{f,F} -C{f,F}a fastest & largest
-ooutput, --outputfile=FILE
 directs flex to write the scanner to the file output instead of lex.yy.c. If you combine -o with the -t option, then the scanner is written to stdout but its _TAG_ directives (see the \-L option above) refer to the file output.
-Pprefix, --prefix=STRING
 changes the default yy prefix used by flex for all globally-visible variable and function names to instead be prefix. For example, -Pfoo changes the name of yytext to footext. It also changes the name of the default output file from lex.yy.c to lex.foo.c. Here are all of the names affected:
yy_create_buffer yy_delete_buffer yy_flex_debug yy_init_buffer yy_flush_buffer yy_load_buffer_state yy_switch_to_buffer yyin yyleng yylex yylineno yyout yyrestart yytext yywrap
This option lets you easily link together multiple flex programs into the same executable. Note, though, that using this option also renames yywrap(), so you now must either provide your own (appropriately-named) version of the routine for your scanner, or use %option noyywrap, as linking with -ll no longer provides one for you by default.
-Sskeleton_file, --skel=FILE
-X, --posix-compat
 maximal compatibility with POSIX lex.
 track line count in yylineno.
 name of C++ class.
 create a C header file in addition to the scanner.
 write tables to FILE.
-R, --reentrant
 generate a reentrant C scanner
 scanner for bison pure parser.
 include yylloc support.
 initialize yyin/yyout to stdin/stdout.
--noansi-definitions old-style function definitions.
 empty parameter list in prototypes.
 do not include .
 do not generate a particular FUNCTION.
flex also provides a mechanism for controlling options within the scanner specification itself, rather than from the flex command-line. This is done by including %option directives in the first section of the scanner specification. You can specify multiple options with a single %option directive, and multiple directives in the first section of your flex input file.
7bit -7 option 8bit -8 option align -Ca option backup -b option batch -B option c++ -+ option
caseful or case-sensitive opposite of -i (default)
case-insensitive or caseless -i option
debug -d option default opposite of -s option ecs -Ce option fast -F option full -f option interactive -I option lex-compat -l option meta-ecs -Cm option perf-report -p option read -Cr option stdout -t option verbose -v option warn opposite of -w option (use "%option nowarn" for -w)
array equivalent to "%array" pointer equivalent to "%pointer" (default)
Some %option's provide features otherwise not available:
main directs flex to provide a default main() program for the scanner, which simply calls yylex(). This option implies noyywrap (see below).
stack enables the use of start condition stacks (see Start Conditions above).
 if set (i.e., %option stdinit) initializes yyin and yyout to stdin and stdout, instead of the default of nil. Some existing lex programs depend on this behavior, even though it is not compliant with ANSI C, which does not require stdin and stdout to be compile-time constant.
flex scans your rule actions to determine whether you use the REJECT or yymore() features. The reject and yymore options are available to override its decision as to whether you use the options, either by setting them (e.g., %option reject) to indicate the feature is indeed used, or unsetting them to indicate it actually is not used (e.g., %option noyymore).
%option outfile="ABC"
is equivalent to -oABC, and
%option prefix="XYZ"
is equivalent to -PXYZ. Finally,
%option yyclass="foo"
only applies when generating a C++ scanner ( -+ option). It informs flex that you have derived foo as a subclass of yyFlexLexer, so flex will place your actions in the member function foo::yylex() instead of yyFlexLexer::yylex(). It also generates a yyFlexLexer::yylex() member function that emits a run-time error (by invoking yyFlexLexer::LexerError()) if called. See Generating C++ Scanners, below, for additional information.
A number of options are available for lint purists who want to suppress the appearance of unneeded routines in the generated scanner. Each of the following, if unset (e.g., %option nounput ), results in the corresponding routine not appearing in the generated scanner:
input, unput yy_push_state, yy_pop_state, yy_top_state yy_scan_buffer, yy_scan_bytes, yy_scan_string
(though yy_push_state() and friends won't appear anyway unless you use %option stack).
REJECT %option yylineno arbitrary trailing context
pattern sets that require backing up %array %option interactive %option always-interactive
'^' beginning-of-line operator yymore()
%% foo return TOK_KEYWORD; foobar return TOK_KEYWORD;
the file looks like:
State #6 is non-accepting - associated rule line numbers: 2 3 out-transitions: [ o ] jam-transitions: EOF [ \001-n p-\177 ]
State #8 is non-accepting - associated rule line numbers: 3 out-transitions: [ a ] jam-transitions: EOF [ \001-' b-\177 ]
State #9 is non-accepting - associated rule line numbers: 3 out-transitions: [ r ] jam-transitions: EOF [ \001-q s-\177 ]
Compressed tables always back up.
%% foo return TOK_KEYWORD; foobar return TOK_KEYWORD;
fooba | foob | fo { /* false alarm, not really a keyword */ return TOK_ID; }
%% foo return TOK_KEYWORD; foobar return TOK_KEYWORD;
[a-z]+ return TOK_ID;
This is usually the best solution when appropriate.
%% mouse|rat/(cat|dog) run();
is better written:
%% mouse/cat|dog run(); rat/cat|dog run();
or as
%% mouse|rat/cat run(); mouse|rat/dog run();
%x comment %% int line_num = 1;
"/*" BEGIN(comment);
[^* * "*"+[^*/ * ++line_num; "*"+"/" BEGIN(INITIAL);
This could be sped up by writing it as:
%x comment %% int line_num = 1;
"/*" BEGIN(comment);
[^* * [^* * ++line_num; "*"+[^*/ * "*"+[^*/ * ++line_num; "*"+"/" BEGIN(INITIAL);
%% asm | auto | break |... etc... volatile | while /* it's a keyword */
.| /* it's not a keyword */
[a-z]+ |.| /* it's not a keyword */
[a-z]+ | [a-z]+ |.| /* it's not a keyword */
const char* YYText()
int YYLeng()
int lineno() const
void set_debug( int flag )
int debug() const
 returns the current setting of the debugging flag.
yyFlexLexer( std::istream* arg_yyin = 0, std::ostream* arg_yyout = 0 ) constructs a yyFlexLexer object using the given streams for input and output. If not specified, the streams default to cin and cout, respectively.
virtual int yylex()
int yylex( std::istream* new_in, std::ostream* new_out = 0 ) first switches the input streams via switch_streams( new_in, new_out ) and then returns the value of yylex().
virtual void LexerOutput( const char* buf, int size ) writes out size characters from the buffer buf, which, while NUL-terminated, may also contain "internal" NUL's if the scanner's rules can match text with NUL's in them.
virtual void LexerError( const char* msg ) reports a fatal error message. The default version of this function writes the message to the stream cerr and exits.
Here is an example of a simple C++ scanner:
%{ int mylineno = 0; %}
string \"[^ ]+\"
ws [ \t]+
alpha [A-Za-z] dig [0-9] name ({alpha}|{dig}|\$)({alpha}|{dig}|[_.\-/$])* num1 [-+]?{dig}+\.?([eE


Macro tracing_core::stdlib::column
1.0.0 · source ·
macro_rules! column {
 () => { ... };
}
Expand description
Expands to the column number at which it was invoked.
With line! and file!, these macros provide debugging information for developers about the location within the source.
The expanded expression has type u32 and is 1-based, so the first column in each line evaluates to 1, the second to 2, etc. This is consistent with error messages by common compilers or popular editors. The returned column is not necessarily the line of the column! invocation itself, but rather the first macro invocation leading up to the invocation of the column! macro.
Examples
let current_col = column!();
println!("defined on column: {current_col}");
column! counts Unicode code points, not bytes or graphemes. As a result, the first two invocations return the same value, but the third does not.
let a = ("foobar", column!()).1;
let b = ("人之初性本善", column!()).1;
let c = ("f̅o̅o̅b̅a̅r̅", column!()).1; // Uses combining overline (U+0305)
assert_eq!(a, b);
assert_ne!(b, c);


text:
Find how to spot some of the most common false clock-domain crossing (CDC) violations and how to efficiently find actual CDC problems that could kill a design if not corrected.
Clock domain crossings (CDCs) are a major source of complex SoC design errors that can and do easily slip past conventional verification tools and make their way into silicon. Thus it is essential to spot the real clock domain violations quickly in the design process. However, just as important is the verification engineer's ability to root out false violations.
Unfortunately, cycle-based simulation, the mainstay of RTL-stage verification, is not well suited to finding and tracing timing-related errors resulting from CDC problems. While traditional structural analysis tools can help identify potential problem areas, none offers the kind of comprehensiveness or precision users require.
Why is this important? When these errors make it into silicon, we have to contend with – and explain to our managers – why the project has incurred silicon re-spins that may cost $10m and extend time-to-market by months, thus greatly reducing the chip's market share and profit potential. Even if caught prior to silicon, in the late stages of design, a single bug may still run up $100,000 or more in redesign costs, which is unacceptable to the project manager and the customer.
There are several major classes of false violations, and a variety of approaches are needed to exclude them from the final violation report. One major class is that of mode-dependent CDCs.
Common false positives
Some conventional tools lack the ability to analyze operational modes such as test mode and other functional modes that enable identification of relevant clock domains. As a result, conventional tools often mistakenly identify crossings between clock domains that are not true crossings, thus adding numerous false violations into the reports. To address this problem, tools should provide methods such as case-analysis to automatically find and exclude such false crossings from violation reports. Common mode-dependent CDC situations include:
1) Quasi-static signals. Certain signals – such as reset and other configuration signals – are quasi-static. That is, they are effectively stable for long periods of time. Such crossings do not require synchronizers in the destination domain, because they are held long enough to be captured by even the slowest clock domains without the risk of metastability. Traditional tools that indiscriminately define all unsynchronized crossings as CDC violations report a number of false violations based on such quasi-static signals. New tools should therefore provide a way of screening such signals from consideration. For example, users could specify which signals and paths the tool should disregard when searching for CDC violations.
Figure 1 An example of a quasi-static signal
2) False paths: This is another large category of crossings that don't require synchronization. False paths are apparent crossings, detected by structural analysis, that are never activated. Take, for example, a bus driven with a CPU master and multiple IO interface slaves – PCI, USB, and so on. The bus arbiter is designed so that a slave can communicate with the CPU and vice-versa, but a slave cannot communicate directly with a slave. Yet CDC analysis is likely to show domain crossings between usb_ck and pci_ck and so on. Here again, users should be given the ability to point out such paths and direct the tool to exclude them from the violation list.
Figure 2 An example of a CDC false path
3) Memory cores in FIFO synchronisers: Another group of signals that do not require synchronization when crossing domains are those that read from the memory core in a FIFO synchroniser (that is, FIFOs used specifically for synchronization). Because of the latency between writing to and reading from any given location in the core, such signals are, for all intents and purposes, quasi-static and should be excluded from violation reports. Tools should ideally recognize such cores and omit them, or at minimum allow users to waive analysis in these cases.
3) Custom synchronisers: Tools may detect commonly used synchronization structures, such as two-flop or multi-flop synchronizers. But traditional tools may fail to recognize a variety of other approaches--including custom, user-designed synchronizers. Therefore, in addition to having a large pre-defined library of standard synchronization structures, tools should allow users to specify any custom synch structures used in their design. When doing its structural analysis, the tool will then recognize these user-defined elements as valid synchronizers and not mistakenly report such crossings as unsynchronized.
Figure 3 Handling of IP blocks in CDC verification
4) Handshake mechanisms: Handshake protocols – which coordinate transmission between the source and destination domains – are another popular synchronization technique, but one that traditional structural analysis tools often fail to recognize. New tools are therefore needed with advanced structural analysis capable of recognizing a wide variety of handshake mechanisms. As detailed in the next section, tools can be of even greater value if they are also able to functionally verify handshake mechanisms.
Figure 4 Handshaking synchronization is a commonly used technique that can result in numerous false violations
As we can see, there is an excess of conditions and circumstances that easily lead to false violations due to insufficient tools, verification techniques and simple SoC design complexity. Working hand in hand with our need to sidestep false violations, it is necessary to uncover and fix actual CDC errors, which is a lot like avoiding stepping on land mines while trying to clear a mine field filled of those land mines. It's a tough job.
Detecting problems at synchronized crossings
Simply synchronizing a signal does not necessarily address all potential CDC problems. There are a number of important errors that can occur at synchronized crossings, and CDC verification tools should be able to detect the following violations:
1) Cross-domain fan outs: These are signals transmitted from one flip-flop in the source domain to multiple flop synchronizers in the destination domain. This may result in loss of signal correlation, and is therefore a bad design practice that CDC tools should flag. The correct method for handling this case is to synchronize the signal only in one place, then to fanout the signal after synchronization.
Figure 5 Fanouts into multiple clock domains
2) Cross-domain fan ins: A cross-domain fanin occurs when two signals originating from separate source domains are combined through combinational logic in the destination domain. This scheme is glitch-prone since there is no fixed phase-relationship between the incoming signals. The correct method to handle this case is to synchronize the signals separately before combining them in common logic. Again, tools should be able to detect and report this class of violation.
Figure 5 Fanouts into multiple clock domains
3) Reconvergence: Yet another design practice that can result in functional errors is reconvergence, where two or more signals from different domains converge on combinational logic after synchronization. Once again, loss of data correlation may result. Tools should automatically detect and flag these violations.
Figure 6 Fanins of multiple signals crossing clock domains can cause glitches
4) Handshake violations: As described above, handshaking is a common method of synchronizing signals across domains, and tools should have the ability to recognize handshake structures. Beyond these structural capabilities, new tools can be of great benefit if they also include the ability to functionally verify the handshake (REQ-ACK) protocols. This latter, functional analysis requires assertion-based verification, preferably in the form of automatic, or implicit, checks.
5) Gray code violations: When control buses cross clock domains, there is a danger that slight differences in propagation among the bus wires will cause loss of correlation in multi-bit data. To prevent this, Gray coding must be used to ensure that only one bit on a multi-bit bus changes on any given clock cycle. CDC tools should therefore verify correct implementation of Gray codes on all buses that cross clock domains. As with handshake protocol checking, this requires formal, assertion-based analysis. It should be done automatically, using implicit checks.
Figure 7 FIFOs are a good example where read and write pointers need gray-code encryption
6) Hold time violations: In cases where a signal crosses from a faster clock domain to a slower one, a pulse extender can be used to hold the signal to meet the capture time of the destination domain. CDC tools should therefore be able to, one, recognize fast-to-slow crossings and, two, apply assertion-based analysis to verify that signal hold times are adequate. All of this should be done automatically, with no need for user intervention.
Figure 8 When signals cross from a fast to a slow clock domain, hold violations can result
Required tool capabilities
It is apparent that we need analysis and verification tool technology that will help us detect CDC errors and avoid designating false violations. In addition, tools should be able to handle any size design, up to and including those with tens of millions of gates. Mixed-language support is essential, because SoCs typically mix IP blocks defined in different HDLs. The tool should support an assertion library, enabling users without extensive experience in formal verification to define their own assertions (above and beyond the implicit checks the tool performs automatically). Since in practice, it's not always possible to prove all assertions in a reasonable amount of time, it is also beneficial if the CDC tool can output assertions in a form suitable for simulation.
Figure 9 CDC verification is eased through debugging capabilities
Another important capability is a fully integrated debugging environment that allows users to seamlessly cross-probe between the CDC violation list, the RTL schematic and a waveform viewer. This allows the user to quickly find the source of CDC problems. That kind of cross-probing is much easier to do when debugging is an integral part of the CDC tools, rather than a separate, third-party tool. Single tool integration also frees the user from worrying about compatibility and interoperability issues. Figure 9 illustrates one type of debugger for CDC issues.
CDC verification can be greatly improved through a combination of capabilities lacking in traditional analysis tools. These capabilities include richer and more flexible structural analysis, along with functional,


Social Work Rural Camp
The 10-day rural camp exposes students to working in community and allows them to experience group living.
In the beginning of the semester students should attend 10 days rural camp.
 - Social work camp for 8 to 10 days is compulsory for Students
 - Micro-planning activity and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) activity shall be the part of social work camp.
 - Urban social work camp may also be organized in any town or corporation area.
 - Tribal camp may also be organized in any tribal area.
 - Students should prepare a social work camp report and submit it to College/Dept.
Objectives of the social work camp:
 1. Understand the social system with the dynamics within.
 2. Analysis of the regional social system, the approaches, and the strategies of intervention used by the government and non-government organisations.
 3. Understand the nature of government intervention in relation to various groups (caste, tribe etc.) in the region, and the related structures of decision-making and intervention.
 4. Develop the capacity to critique the interventions of both the voluntary organisations and the government agencies in relation to the specific group.
 5. Through experience in group-living the student should learn to appreciate its value in terms of self-development, interpersonal relationships, sense of organisation, management and taking on responsibility.
 6. Acquire skills in planning, organising, implementing through the camp for example: conscious use of time, communication skills, team spirit, handling relationships, conflicts and differences of opinion, decision making, evaluation, appreciation, sharing of resources, tasks, coping skills in problem situations, cooperation and coordination.
 7. Learners are fully involved in planning, implementing the plans and presenting their experience in a workshop on return from the camp.
 8. The learners should be encouraged to take on concrete tasks towards meeting basic/civic needs of the people.
 1. Living conditions, housing, water supply and other amenities.
 2. Social life-power structure, community life, social norms and social institutions, dominant caste and untouchability.
 3. Marriage and types of families, family life.
 4. Economic lifeOccupation, extent of employment, ownership of house, land, average size of holding, proportion of landless labourers, proportion of land held by non-tribals and average size holding (in a tribal area), income and indebtedness, bonded labour.
 5. Exploitation by landlord, moneylender, and traders, extent and areas of exploitation, efforts made to obtain justice and with what effect, conflict, resolution methods.
 6. Political life-dominant politicians in the region and taluka, the bases of their power, their links with other economic exploiters and politicians at different levels, their influence with respect to the police, judiciary, government officials, factional politics that effect development and social justice.
 7. Education-level of education, education facilities and who controls them, suitability of education system, use of education facilities by different castes and class groups.
 8. Conditions of health and nutrition, services available and their use.
 9. Positive local initiatives in the area.
Other problems and issues
 - Analysis of intervention programmes/services approach/strategies, participation of the client system.
 - Gaps and suggestions.
 - Role of the social worker.
 - 10. Guidelines for observation of a voluntary agency in a rural setting:
 1. Objectives
 2. The approach and methods used for achieving objectives.
 3. Organisational structure.
 4. Priorities and programs evolved, participation of people in decisionmaking and in programme implementation, problems encountered in programme implementation.
 5. Impact on the villagers in terms of their problems, social justice, development of leadership, development of an alert and democratic community.
 6. Relationship with Panchayat Raj, Block Development personnel, the magistracy and other government institutions and bodies, difficulties encountered, benefits received.
 - 11. Guidelines for observation of community development organisaitons and Panchayat Raj.
 1. Administrative set up of both the above.
 2. Who are the zilla parishad samiti/panchayat members, their socioeconomic and caste status.
 3. Problems of administrative personnel in working with elected persons at different levels.
 4. Decision making process: type of problems that come before the zilla parishad, panchayat, who initiates projects, process of assessing them. How decisions are made-manipulations, lobbying, pressure tactics used.
 5. Current major programes, budget allocations for the programmes, methods of implementation, participation of people, impact on development and social justice.


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Evolution Of Female Resistance To Mate Harm In Drosophila Melanogaster
828 words - 4 pages
This experiment studied the evolution of female resistance to mate-harm in response to sexual conflict. Previous studies had touched on this topic. Most of them had come to the conclusion that populations that are centered on the male-mating/female-childbearing gender-specific definitions of success often lead to a cascade of problems. Male success is defined by the number of females they can mate with, often leading to harsh competition between males. This competition has led evolution to induce male fruit flies to be predisposed to take violent, forceful, and often harsh measures in trying to mate with female flies. This increase in violent character in the males often results in a ...view middle of the document...
After their test, the researchers quantified several results. Firstly, they quantified the dry body weights of the females. Secondly, they measured the fitness of the females under two conditions: single mating and continuous male exposure. This also included the number of progeny. Third, the female flies were measured for longevity under their virgin (single mating) and reproducing (continuous exposure) conditions.
The dry body weight of the flies didn't seem to show much of a correlation. They found that the female biased group was the heaviest. In terms of progeny, they only found one correlation, which was mating status interaction. They found that in the females that underwent a single mating condition, the female biased group produced more progeny. However, in the continuous male exposure group, the male biased females produced more progeny than the female biased. In comparing F females of the continuous exposure and single mating, they found a significant less progeny. However, male biased females had no difference. So, the study concluded from this that female biased flies were most affected by males, yet the male biased flies were not affected by male at all. When comparing longevity, they found that single mating flies of group F had a higher lifespan, but in continuous exposure, the male biased flies lived longer.
So, this study found an interesting correlation that led them to believe that females biased by males tended to evolve, generation after generation, in such a way that helped them resist male...
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Decoding Female Resistance in Buchi Emecheta's Kehinde
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DEFINING MOMENTS Downloadable Lessons
Publication Date: 3/2009
The first encounter between Christopher Columbus and the inhabitants of Hispaniola was the beginning of widespread exchanges across the hemispheres—food, goods, gold, and, to the devastation of many Native Americans, disease. With this Defining Moment, students investigate this momentous meeting, and speculate: What if it had been the Europeans who carried home a highly infectious and deadly disease?
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ITE / code / shared / embedded / ITL / d_ed.m
% The following function computes the Euclidean distance between two vectors X and Y.
%
% Input: Both X and Y should be COLUMN vectors of SAME dimensions (nxd) and (nxd).
% 'kSize' is a scalar for the kernel size.
%
% Output: 'val' contains the Euclidean distance
%
% Default: kSize = 1.
%
% Comments: The code uses Incomplete Cholesky Decomposition.
%
% Author: Sohan Seth (_EMAIL_) Date: 11.03.2008
function val = d_ed(X,Y,kSize)
if nargin == 2
 kSize = 1;
end
n = size(X,1);
G = incompleteCholeskySigma([X;Y],kSize);
OZ = [ones(n,1);zeros(n,1)]/n;
ZO = [zeros(n,1);ones(n,1)]/n;
val = (OZ'*G)*(G'*OZ) + (ZO'*G)*(G'*ZO) - 2*(ZO'*G)*(G'*OZ);
% ~ Done


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Planners have an important role to play in helping communities meet energy needs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and adapt to a changing climate. While most planners recognize the significance of these issues, they are still working to translate these imperatives into on-the-ground plans, actions, and regulations.
Planning for a New Energy and Climate Future, the culmination of a three-year research and education project on the integration of climate change and energy issues into planning practice, was prepared by APA in collaboration with the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the University of North Carolina Asheville.
The report presents fundamental information about energy and climate change, provides a framework for how to integrate energy and climate into the planning process, and offers strategies for communities to address energy and climate across a variety of issues, including development patterns, transportation, and economic development. Case studies illustrate communities that have already begun taking steps in these areas.
Places & Place Making,
Careers & Planning Profession,
Land & Environment Issues,


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Medal of Honor History Through Objects: A Dive Into the CMOHS Archives
Posted In: Video Library | May 26, 2022
Join us for a peek into the Congressional Medal of Honor Society Archives on the USS Yorktown. Medal of Honor Society Archivist Laura Jowdy discusses the history of the Medal of Honor and provides a close-up look at several historical Medal designs, video clips of Medal presentations, and some exciting details about how the Medal evolved into what it is today.
Learn more about the Congressional Medal of Honor Society Musuem: _URL_
Learn more about the Congressional Medal of Honor Society Archives: _URL_
Learn more about the design of the Medal of Honor: _URL_


- function
Bind a function to its context.
can.proxy(fn, context)
 1. fn {function()}
 The function to bind to a context.
 2. context {Object}
 The context to bind the function to.
A function that calls fn in the context of context.
can.proxy(fn, context) accepts a function and returns a new one that will always have the context from which it was called. This works similar to jQuery.proxy.
var func = can.proxy(function(one){
 return this.a + one
}, {a: "b"});
func("two") //-> "btwo"


What contain clenbuterol, liquid clenbuterol half life
What contain clenbuterol, liquid clenbuterol half life – Buy anabolic steroids online

What contain clenbuterol

What contain clenbuterol

What contain clenbuterol. Discovering the Ingredients in Clenbuterol: What You Need to Know
When it comes to performance-enhancing drugs, Clenbuterol is one of the most popular ones available in the market. The drug has been extensively used by bodybuilders and athletes due to its fat-burning properties and ability to build lean muscle mass. Clenbuterol has also gained popularity among people looking for weight loss aids.
But what exactly does Clenbuterol contain, and how does it work? Many have attributed its effectiveness to its stimulant properties, but there is much more to it. The drug has a complex chemical composition that affects the body in numerous ways.
This article will delve into the details of Clenbuterol's composition and effects. We will take a closer look at its chemical structure, how it affects the body, and the potential side effects associated with its use. By the end of this article, you will have a comprehensive understanding of Clenbuterol and how it works.
Liquid clenbuterol half life. The Ultimate Guide to Understanding Liquid Clenbuterol Half Life
Do you want to make the most out of your Clenbuterol cycle? Understanding the duration of Clen in your body is essential to achieving the desired results. This is where half-life comes into play.
Half-life is the time it takes for half of a substance to be eliminated from your body. In the case of liquid Clenbuterol, the half-life is around 36-48 hours, meaning that half of the Clen will be removed from your system within that time.
Knowing the half-life of Clenbuterol will allow you to determine the ideal dosages and cycles, as well as avoid potential side effects. With the right knowledge, you can maximize the benefits of Clenbuterol while minimizing the risks.
So, if you want to take your Clenbuterol journey to the next level, make sure to educate yourself on the liquid Clenbuterol half-life and get the results you deserve!
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What are the effects of Clenbuterol on the body?
Clenbuterol is primarily used as a bronchodilator to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. However, it also has stimulant properties that can increase metabolism and promote weight loss. It can also improve athletic performance, particularly in endurance sports, by increasing oxygen uptake and blood flow.
What is the recommended dosage of Clenbuterol?
The recommended dosage of Clenbuterol varies depending on the individual's weight, age, and medical condition. However, typical doses range from 20-40mcg per day for medical purposes and up to 120mcg per day for performance-enhancing effects. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking Clenbuterol and to follow their instructions closely.
What is the half-life of Liquid Clenbuterol?
The half-life of Liquid Clenbuterol is approximately 36 to 48 hours.
What is Clenbuterol made of?
Clenbuterol is a synthetic drug that is chemically similar to adrenaline and ephedrine. It is mainly made of beta-2 agonists, which are compounds that stimulate the beta-2 receptors in the body.
What are the side effects of Liquid Clenbuterol?
Common side effects of Liquid Clenbuterol include increased heart rate, anxiety, tremors, and insomnia. It can also cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Unveiling Clenbuterol: An Overview of its Composition and Effects. What contain clenbuterol
Clenbuterol is a synthetic drug that has been found to have similar effects to those of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It is commonly used as a bronchodilator to treat respiratory disorders such as asthma. In addition to its medical uses, Clenbuterol is also used illicitly as a performance-enhancing drug.
The chemical composition of Clenbuterol includes a substituted phenethylamine structure, which is similar to other stimulants such as amphetamines and ephedrine. It also contains a hydroxyl group and a tertiary amine group.
Clenbuterol has been found to have various effects on the body, including increasing metabolism, promoting muscle growth, and reducing body fat. These effects make it an attractive drug for athletes looking to improve their performance and body composition. However, it also has potential negative effects on the body such as increased heart rate, tremors, and anxiety.
Because of its potential for abuse, Clenbuterol is a controlled substance in many countries. It is important for individuals to understand the composition and effects of Clenbuterol before considering its use for any purpose.
 - Composition: Clenbuterol contains a substituted phenethylamine structure, a hydroxyl group, and a tertiary amine group.
 - Effects: Clenbuterol can increase metabolism, promote muscle growth, and reduce body fat. However, it can also have negative effects such as increased heart rate, tremors, and anxiety.
 - Controlled Substance: Clenbuterol is a controlled substance in many countries due to its potential for abuse.
Understanding the Composition of Clenbuterol. Liquid clenbuterol half life
Clenbuterol, also known as "clen," is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist drug that has been used for decades as a bronchodilator and decongestant in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma. However, it is also highly sought after for its fat burning and muscle building properties.
The chemical composition of clenbuterol consists of a phenylaminoethanol molecule that is structurally similar to adrenaline. It is a potent sympathomimetic drug that works by stimulating the beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the body, which causes an increase in cellular energy production and metabolism.
Although clenbuterol is not a steroid, it is often classified as a performance-enhancing drug (PED) due to its ability to promote lean muscle gains, improve endurance and stamina, and aid in weight loss. It has become a popular drug among bodybuilders, athletes, and fitness enthusiasts, despite being illegal for human use in many countries.
 - Chemical formula: C12H18CI2N2O
 - Molecular weight: 277.19 g/mol
 - Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, chloroform, and methanol
 - Half-life: 36-48 hours
While clenbuterol can be effective for weight loss and muscle building, it also comes with potential side effects such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, as well as anxiety, insomnia, and muscle cramps. It is important to use it responsibly and under the guidance of a medical professional.
The Effects of Clenbuterol on the Human Body . Is clenbuterol legal in nz
Increases Metabolism . Clenbuterol uso deportivo
Clenbuterol is known to increase metabolism, allowing individuals to burn more calories at rest. It achieves this by stimulating the body's Beta-2 adrenergic receptors, which in turn increases the production of thermogenic hormones like adrenaline.
Promotes Weight Loss . Ambroxol mas clenbuterol para que sirve
Due to its effect on metabolism, Clenbuterol is commonly used as a weight loss supplement. Its ability to break down fat cells for energy also contributes to this effect.
Enhances Endurance . Clenbuterol portugal
Clenbuterol can improve physical performance by boosting endurance levels. It does this by increasing the amount of oxygen the body can take in, as well as delaying muscle fatigue.
May Increase Muscle Mass . Liquid clenbuterol half life
Despite Clenbuterol being primarily used as a weight loss supplement, it may also promote muscle growth. It achieves this effect by stimulating protein synthesis and reducing the breakdown of muscle tissue.
Adverse Effects . Ultimate anabolics clenbuterol
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While Clenbuterol can offer many benefits, it is not without risks. Overuse or misuse of this supplement can lead to adverse effects on the body, and it should be taken only under medical supervision.
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While it's interesting to learn about the chemical composition of Clenbuterol, it's also alarming to know that it's been MisLTLabelled as a weight loss supplement when it can have adverse effects on our heart and metabolism. It's crucial for individuals to inform themselves of the potential dangers and prioritize sustainable lifestyle changes instead of relying on quick fixes that can harm their health.
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Anritsu introduces a new option for its Wireless Connectivity Test Set MT8862A to support the latest IEEE 802.11ax.The Wireless Connectivity Test Set MT8862A (WLAN Tester) is for measuring the RF TRx characteristics of WLAN IEEE802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax devices. With the support of IEEE 802.11ax, the MT8862A is the industry's first WLAN tester that can evaluate signal quality in all data rates of major WLAN standards currently used. By using this option, RF evaluation of IEEE 802.11ax-equipped devices can be performed in both direct mode and network mode. In addition to the quick evaluation in the direct mode, the evaluation can be performed under the realistic operation conditions using the communication protocol in the network mode.
In addition, IEEE 802.11ax uses two transmission modes: Single User and Multi User. Single User is the same transmission method (OFDM) as the conventional standard and is the base mode of IEEE 802.11ax. Since the signal quality of WLAN has different characteristics for each data rate, signal evaluation at each data rate is very important. The MT8862A is the only instrument that can be controlled at all data rates of major WLAN standards, including 11ax Single User data rates.
Anritsu contributes to improving the quality of IEEE802.11ax-equipped devices by developing this option.


text:
DEiPhighlights practical approaches to dance teaching and education in respect to numerous and diverse teaching settings. Each issue includes articles (1,000-3,000 words) by educators about what they do in the studio and classroom. Columns on resources for dance teaching, current trends in the field, and viewpoints from dance educators and students enhance feature articles.
JODE emphasizes practical and theoretical aspects of dance education by scholars and practitioners using a wide range of research frameworks and methods. JODE issues include feature research-based articles (5,000-8,000 words), in practice articles (1,500-3,500 words) focusing on applied theory and teaching approaches, and student readings articles (1,000-3,500 words) geared towards specific student populations in order for teachers to share with their students.
What is each journal's review process?
Both journals receive manuscripts electronically through ScholarOne. This allows each journal's editorial board to facilitate a meaningful review process. Substantive comments, regardless of publication decision, are provided to all authors.DEiP's process begins with a blind screening by DEiP editorial board members. Authors whose work is chosen to move forward receive one-on-one mentoring with an editorial board member, working collaboratively to bring the article to publication readiness.
JODE engages in a rigorous blind peer review process, in which the editor sends articles to be double-blind reviewed by a panel of three national and international scholar-practitioners in the content area of the article. Feedback given during the review process supports authors in their revision writing.
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