text:
Lumerical is a powerful software for the design and analysis of photonics and electromagnetism from component to system stages. This edition of Lumerical has improved electrical and photonics design tools for multiphysical analysis of complex photonics, photovoltaics and. Other applications of optical electronics have included improved heat waveguides, modulators, and switching matrices. Lumerical has four parts:
- FDTD: Comprehensive software solution for solving 3D dimples. Able to analyze the interaction of ultraviolet, visible light and infrared radiation with complex structures
- MODE: Complete design space for waveguides for analysis and optimization of integrated flat planar waveguides, components and fibers
- INTERCONNECT: Integrated Space and Photonics for Design of Integrated Optical Flows, Silicon Photonics and Optical Connectors
- DEVICE: Simulation of TCAD Semiconductor Devices for Design, Analysis and Optimization of Semiconductor Optical Electronic Components
Lumerical Software Features:
- Injection of finite and measured beams with constant slope that does not change with frequency. Beams with high numerical apertures that also have variable and frequency-dependent profiles can also be easily injected into any bandwidth.
- With the new BFAST feature in the FDTD section, you can inject flat waves on periodic gradient structures that do not change with frequency.
- Parametric analysis and simulation of PICs can now be easily adjusted and implemented directly.
- Support for Windows 10, Mac El Capitan, Linux RedHat 7 and CentOS 7
Supported Operation Systems
(Windows® 7, 8.1, 10 (32 * and 64 bit editions)
Windows HPC Server® 2008 R2
Requires MAC OS X® v10.10 or v10.11
(RedHat® Enterprise Linux® 5, 6, 7 (64 bit editions only)
HPC network technologies including: Infiniband, Myrinet, Gb and 10Gb Ethernet
MPI frameworks including: Microsoft MPI, MPICH, OpenMPI, IntelMPI and other commercial MPI distributions
HPC schedulers including: LSF Platform, PBS Pro, OpenPBS, Condor and Sun Grid Engine
Listed in Readme.txt file.
The 2018 version was installed and successfully activated on 19 June 97 in Windows 10 64-bit.
ANSYS Lumerical 2020 R2.4 x64
Lumerical Suite 2018a build 1584 x64
Lumerical DEVICE v7.1.1584
Lumerical FDTD Solutions v8.19.1584
Lumerical INTERCONNECT v7.5.1584
Lumerical MODE Solutions v11.1584
Lumerical 2016a build 736 Windows x86
Lumerical 2016a Build 736 Linux64
Lumerical 2016a Build 736 macOS 64bit
File password (s): _URL_
32-bit Windows version: 1.46 GB
64-bit Windows version: 1.33 GB


text:
The Thief's Game
300 years ago the noble houses of the great city Talon's Reach nearly destroyed themselves in a House War. To stop further bloodshed the king of Talon's Reach called together a court to be held to put an end to the war. The five surviving houses eventually agreed to a truce.
Inside the peace treaty was a clause however, commonly called "The Sliver Lining." While direct confrontation between the houses was outlawed, the houses would use the still young Thieves guild to carry out their intrigue. Such Contracts became the norm, and even remotely successful thieves became celebrities. Today the Peace Treaty continues to exist, as people from all over the Talon's Reach come to the local guild to play the Thief's Game.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: The europe gas turbine market size is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 2.8% during the forecast period, 2021 – 2028. The growth of the market is attributed to impact of the shale gas revolution. A gas turbine is also called a combustion turbine. It is a type of continuous and internal combustion engine. The main elements of gas turbine engine are upstream rotating gas compressor, combustor, downstream turbine, and turbine electric generator.


text: Since discovery of the Y-Ba-Cu oxide compound showing superconductivity above liquid nitrogen temperature, intensive study has been under way to clarify nature of the high Tc oxides[l-4]. Much efforts were also made in the field of superconductor applications. A number of studies have been carried out by a powder metallurgical process of Y-Ba-Cu oxide compound wires, although, obtained critical current densities were still low at liquid nitrogen temperature[5–6]. Other techniques for wire fabrication is also being attempted[7–9]. In this study, Y-Ba-Cu oxide superconducting composite tapes were prepared by a diffusion process, which is one of the promising methods to obtain a high critical current density.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Trust, Reciprocity, and Guanxi in China: An Experimental Investigation
AbstractWe examine the influence of social distance on levels of trust and reciprocity in China. Social distance, reflected in the indigenous concept of guanxi, is of central importance to Chinese culture. In Study 1, some participants participated in two financially salient trust games to measure behavior, one with an anonymous classmate and the other with an anonymous, demographically identical nonclassmate. Other participants, drawn from the same population, completed hypothetical surveys to gauge both hypothetical behavior and expectations of others. Social distance effects on actual and hypothetical behavior were statistically consistent. The results together corroborated the hypothesized negative relationship between trust and social distance. However, reciprocity was not responsive to social distance. Study 2 found that affect-based trust, but not cognition-based trust, played a mediating role in the relationship between social distance and interpersonal trust in a hypothetical scenario. We conclude that close guanxi ties in China engender affect-based trust, which is extended to shouren classmates. This is true despite the fact that no more cognition-based trust is placed nor reciprocity received or expected from classmates compared to demographically identical shengren nonclassmates.
Download InfoIf you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by University of Guelph, Department of Economics in its series Working Papers with number 1204.
Length: 37 pages
Date of creation: 2012
Date of revision:
Experiment; Affect-based Trust; China; Guanxi; Reciprocity; Trust; Social Distance;
Find related papers by JEL classification:
- C91 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
- D03 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Behavioral Economics; Underlying Principles
- D69 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Other
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-ALL-2012-02-20 (All new papers)
- NEP-CBE-2012-02-20 (Cognitive & Behavioural Economics)
- NEP-EVO-2012-02-20 (Evolutionary Economics)
- NEP-EXP-2012-02-20 (Experimental Economics)
- NEP-GTH-2012-02-20 (Game Theory)
- NEP-NET-2012-02-20 (Network Economics)
- NEP-SOC-2012-02-20 (Social Norms & Social Capital)
- NEP-TRA-2012-02-20 (Transition Economics)
Please report citation or reference errors to, or, if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Charness, Gary B & Rabin, Matthew, 2001.
"Understanding Social Preferences With Simple Tests,"
University of California at Santa Barbara, Economics Working Paper Series
qt0dc3k4m5, Department of Economics, UC Santa Barbara.
- Gary Charness & Matthew Rabin, 2002. "Understanding Social Preferences With Simple Tests," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 117(3), pages 817-869, August.
- Gary Charness & Matthew Rabin, 2003. "Understanding Social Preferences with Simple Tests," General Economics and Teaching _PHONE_, EconWPA.
- Charness, Gary & Rabin, Matthew, 2002. "Understanding Social Preferences with Simple Tests," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt3d04q5sm, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
- Charness, Gary & Rabin, Matthew, 2001. "Understanding Social Preferences with Simple Tests," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt4qz9k8vg, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
- Rabin, Matthew, 2002. "A Perspective on Psychology and Economics," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt2wr3z049, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
- Rabin, Matthew, 2002. "A perspective on psychology and economics," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(4-5), pages 657-685, May.
- George A. Akerlof, 1997. "Social Distance and Social Decisions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 65(5), pages _PHONE_, September.
- Gary Bolton & Jordi Brandts & Axel Ockenfels, 1998.
"Measuring Motivations for the Reciprocal Responses Observed in a Simple Dilemma Game,"
Springer, vol. 1(3), pages 207-219, December.
- Bolton, G.E. & Brandts, J. & Ockenfels, A., 1997. "Measuring Motivations for the Reciprocal Responses Observed in a Simple Dilemma Game," UFAE and IAE Working Papers 400.97, Unitat de Fonaments de l'Anàlisi Econòmica (UAB) and Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica (CSIC).
- Rongzhu Ke & Weiying Zhang, 2003. "Trust in China: A Cross-Regional Analysis," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 2003-586, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
- Rabin, Mathew, 2002. "A Perspective on Psychology and Economics," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt4z78n1r9, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
- Roy Y J Chua & Michael W Morris & Paul Ingram, 2009. "Guanxi vs networking: Distinctive configurations of affectand cognition-based trust in the networks of Chinese vs American managers," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 40(3), pages 490-508, April.
- Gunnthorsdottir, Anna & McCabe, Kevin & Smith, Vernon, 2002. "Using the Machiavellianism instrument to predict trustworthiness in a bargaining game," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 49-66, February.
- James C. Cox & Cary A. Deck, 2005. "On the Nature of Reciprocal Motives," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 43(3), pages 623-635, July.
- Garbarino, Ellen & Slonim, Robert, 2009. "The robustness of trust and reciprocity across a heterogeneous U.S. population," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 226-240, March.
- Daniel Z. Levin & Rob Cross, 2004. "The Strength of Weak Ties You Can Trust: The Mediating Role of Trust in Effective Knowledge Transfer," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(11), pages _PHONE_, November.
- Smith, Vernon L, 1976. "Experimental Economics: Induced Value Theory," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 66(2), pages 274-79, May.
- Smith, Vernon L, 1991. "Rational Choice: The Contrast between Economics and Psychology," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 99(4), pages 877-97, August.
- Buchan, Nancy & Croson, Rachel, 2004. "The boundaries of trust: own and others' actions in the US and China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 55(4), pages 485-504, December.
- Berg Joyce & Dickhaut John & McCabe Kevin, 1995. "Trust, Reciprocity, and Social History," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 122-142, July.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Emissions from a Legacy Diesel Engine Exercised through the ACES Engine Test Schedule
Most transient heavy duty diesel emissions data in the USA have been acquired using the Federal Test Procedure (FTP), a heavy-duty diesel engine transient test schedule described in the US Code of Federal Regulations. The FTP includes both urban and freeway operation and does not provide data separated by driving mode (such as rural, urban, freeway). Recently, a four-mode engine test schedule was created for use in the Advanced Collaborative Emission Study (ACES), and was demonstrated on a 2004 engine equipped with cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). In the present work, the authors examined emissions using these ACES modes (Creep, Cruise, Transient and High-speed Cruise) and the FTP from a Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) Series 60 1992 12.7 liter pre-EGR engine. The engine emissions were measured using full exhaust dilution, continuous measurement of gaseous species, and filter-based Particulate Matter (PM) measurement.


text:
The law frequently distinguishes between individualized knowledge (awareness that one's act will harm a particular victim, e.g., driving through an intersection while aware that one's automobile is likely to injure a pedestrian) and statistical knowledge (awareness that one's activity or multiple acts will, to a high statistical likelihood, harm one or more potential victims, e.g., proceeding with a large construction project that one confidently predicts will result in worker injuries). Under tort and criminal law doctrine, acting with individualized knowledge is ordinarily much more difficult to justify, and, if unjustified, much more culpable, than acting with statistical knowledge. Yet the distinction is very difficult to explain and defend.
Statistical Knowledge Deconstructed,
Boston University Law Review
Available at: _URL_


text:
TechSpot means tech analysis and advice you can trust. Read our ethics statement.
A hot potato: A team of researchers from Columbia University have used a custom AI model to test if fingerprints are really as unique as forensic and crime literature suggest. The results are surprising, and hard to swallow for the forensic community as well.
Fingerprints have long been used as the "gold standard" for forensic analysis and criminal investigations, as prints of different fingers from the same person – also known as "intra-person fingerprints" – are considered to be unique. This well-known fact is being challenged by a recent study, which used an AI model to refute one of the longest beliefs in forensics.
Led by Gabe Guo, a Columbia Engineering undergraduate senior with no previous knowledge in forensic science, the study states that intra-person fingerprints can be similar. The team used an AI model known as deep contrastive network, which is commonly used in facial recognition tasks, and trained it with a public US government database containing around 60,000 fingerprints.
The researchers fed the fingerprints in pairs, alternating between pairs that belonged to the same person (but from different fingers) and pairs that belonged to different people. After the training period, the AI system started to show a significant accuracy level (77%) in detecting when a fingerprint pair belonged to the same person and when it did not.
When multiple pairs were used, the AI model became significantly more accurate in detecting similar fingerprints. The researchers think that the system could increase current forensic efficiency by "more than tenfold." The surprising results weren't initially welcomed by a "well-established" forensic journal, and Guo's team had to further improve the AI system before the study was finally accepted for publication by the Science Advances journal.
After analyzing the decision process made by the AI model, the researchers discovered that the algorithm essentially discovered a previously unknown forensic marker. Instead of using minutiae, which are the branchings and endpoints in fingerprint ridges traditionally employed for fingerprint comparison, the algorithm was looking at the angles and curvatures of the swirls and loops present at the center of each fingerprint.
If the AI system was able to make a new, potentially revolutionary discovery with just tens of thousands of publicly available fingerprints. "Just imagine how well this will perform" when trained on millions of fingerprint data," the researchers said. However, according to forensic experts, the study didn't show anything groundbreaking or uncover facts that were previously unknown.
The fact that the shapes at the center of fingerprints are "somewhat correlated" between fingers has been known since the early days of fingerprinting, forensic science professor Christophe Champod said. The Columbia researchers have "oversold" their research because of their lack of specific forensic knowledge, the professor added.


text:
20-6-101. Definition of elementary and high school districts. (1) As used in this title, except as defined in 20-9-402 for bonding purposes or unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the term "district" means the territory, regardless of county boundaries, organized under the provisions of this title to provide public educational services under the jurisdiction of the trustees prescribed by this title. High school districts may encompass all or parts of the territory of one or more elementary districts.
(2) (a) An elementary district is a district organized for the purpose of providing public education for all grades up to and including grade 8 and for preschool programs and kindergartens. An elementary district may be inactive if the district attaches to a high school district under the provisions of 20-6-701 to form a K-12 school district.
(b) A high school district is a district organized for the purpose of providing those public educational services authorized by this title for all grades beyond grade 8, including postsecondary programs, except those programs administered by community college districts or the Montana university system. A high school district with an attached elementary district may provide the educational services for an elementary district through the procedures established in 20-6-701 through 20-6-703.
(3) An elementary district is known as "District No.....,........ County" and a high school district, except a high school district where a county high school is operated, is known as "High School District No.....,........ County". A district is a body corporate and, as a body corporate, may sue and be sued, contract and be contracted with, and acquire, hold, use, and dispose of real or personal property for school purposes, within the limitations prescribed by law. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the trustees of elementary districts and high school districts have the same types of powers, duties, and responsibilities authorized and imposed by the laws of Montana.
(4) As used in this title, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, a county high school is a high school district that has not unified with an elementary district under 20-6-312.
History: En. 75-6501 by Sec. 160, Ch. 5, L. 1971; R.C.M. 1947, 75-6501; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 555, L. 1991; amd. Sec. 14, Ch. 219, L. 1997.


text:
Kelly Waugh, PT, MAPT, ATP
Barbara Crane, PhD, PT, ATP. University of Hartford
Successful outcomes in the provision of wheelchairs require an appropriate match between the seating support system and the wheelchair user's body; however, standard terms and measures have been lacking for communication of this critical information. There is significant inconsistency in the terms that are used to describe and measure wheelchair seating parameters (such as leg rest angle, seat height) and postural measures (such as hip angle, trunk lean, pelvic tilt). A common vocabulary of terms and measures is needed by clinicians, suppliers, manufacturers and technicians for accurate translation of assessment information into a seating prescription, and for effective set up of the prescribed product.
Additionally, the adoption of standardized measures will encourage collaborative research regarding the effect of seated posture on a wheelchair user's health, comfort and function. To address this need, we will develop and disseminate A Clinical Application Guide to standardized terms and measures related to wheelchair seating, translating a highly technical international standard into a format and language that is easy to understand and clinically useful. There is currently no single resource containing this information that is free, easily accessible and practical to use for health care professionals in the field of wheelchair prescription, service delivery and research.
Funding for this project was provided by the Paralyzed Veterans of America, Education Foundation Grant #668.
In this resource manual defining over 130 measurement terms, the authors present a complex ISO standard in a format and language that is easy to understand and practical to use. It includes the correct terminology for angular and linear measurements of the seated person's body and the seating support system. For each term the guide explains the purpose of the measure and its clinical relevance, with an accurate definition, a sample measurement procedure, and 1 to 2 illustrations helping to clarify each measure.
This glossary includes a searchable list of 550+ defined terms related to wheelchair, wheelchair seating, and wheelchair seated posture. The terms are organized functionally in four sections: (1) Wheeled Mobility Device Types and Related Terms, (2) Wheelchair Components and Features, (3) Seating Support System and (4) Angular and Linear Dimensions. Reference sources are included for each term and definition, and historical terms are linked to the preferred term in a comprehensive index.
Both of these resources are available for purchase and/or free download. For more information check out the Wheelchair Seating page under our Resources tab.
Waugh, K., Crane, B. Measuring Wheelchair Seated Posture and Seating Supports: Standardization of Terms and Methodologies. 28th International Seating Symposium, Vancouver, BC. March 7, 2012


Creation functions
Do I need teaching material about creating functions, what can be used for creation and how to use it?
I have already searched the sites of LibreOffice and OpenOffice, and found minimal material.
Anyone have any tips where to find it (site/book)?
Criação de funções
Necessito de material didático sobre a criação de funções, o que pode ser usado para criação e como usar?
Já procurei nos sites do LibreOffice e OpenOffice, e encontrei mínimo material.
Alguém tem alguma dica onde encontrar(site/livro)?
A function is simply a block of code which can accept information, do some processing and then return some information. This is programming. Functions are not necessarily specific to Calc. So in order to create functions, it is best to know how to program in Basic and use the UNO API.
There is a great deal of information spread around on these subjects. However, for the best single document, OpenOffice Macros Explained (OOME) by Andrew Pitonyak is available (click here) in PDF. It has a complete section on Calc as well as a great deal of other information.


text:
Wiring Subwoofer. The following schematic shows the subwoofer and speaker wiring diagram for Alpine MRP-F250 car audio amplifier system.
Posts tagged Car Amplifier
The following schematic shows the most common configurations of the Kicker Wiring Diagram for Stereo Four Channel Operation. KX amplifiers are capable of operating into a minimum impedance of 2 ohms per channel in stereo operation.


ct_telnet
Common Test specific layer on top of telnet client ct_telnet_client.erl
Common Test specific layer on top of telnet client ct_telnet_client.erl
Use this module to set up telnet connections, send commands and perform string matching on the result. See the unix_telnet manual page for information about how to use ct_telnet, and configure connections, specifically for unix hosts.
The following default values are defined in ct_telnet:
 Connection timeout = 10 sec (time to wait for connection)
 Command timeout = 10 sec (time to wait for a command to return)
 Max no of reconnection attempts = 3
 Reconnection interval = 5 sek (time to wait in between reconnection attempts)
 Keep alive = true (will send NOP to the server every 8 sec if connection is idle)
 Polling limit = 0 (max number of times to poll to get a remaining string terminated)
 Polling interval = 1 sec (sleep time between polls)
These parameters can be altered by the user with the following configuration term:
 {telnet_settings, [{connect_timeout,Millisec},
 {command_timeout,Millisec},
 {reconnection_attempts,N},
 {reconnection_interval,Millisec},
 {keep_alive,Bool},
 {poll_limit,N},
 {poll_interval,Millisec}]}.
Millisec = integer(), N = integer()
Enter the telnet_settings term in a configuration file included in the test and ct_telnet will retrieve the information automatically. Note that keep_alive may be specified per connection if required. See unix_telnet for details.
Logging
The default logging behaviour of ct_telnet is to print information to the test case HTML log about performed operations and commands and their corresponding results. What won't be printed to the HTML log are text strings sent from the telnet server that are not explicitly received by means of a ct_telnet function such as expect/3. ct_telnet may however be configured to use a special purpose event handler, implemented in ct_conn_log_h, for logging all telnet traffic. To use this handler, you need to install a Common Test hook named cth_conn_log. Example (using the test suite info function):
 suite() ->
 [{ct_hooks, [{cth_conn_log, [{conn_mod(),hook_options()}]}]}].
conn_mod() is the name of the common_test module implementing the connection protocol, i.e. ct_telnet.
The cth_conn_log hook performs unformatted logging of telnet data to a separate text file. All telnet communication is captured and printed, including arbitrary data sent from the server. The link to this text file can be found on the top of the test case HTML log.
By default, data for all telnet connections is logged in one common file (named default), which might get messy e.g. if multiple telnet sessions are running in parallel. It is therefore possible to create a separate log file for each connection. To configure this, use the hook option hosts and list the names of the servers/connections that will be used in the suite. Note that the connections must be named for this to work (see the open function below).
The hook option named log_type may be used to change the cth_conn_log behaviour. The default value of this option is raw, which results in the behaviour described above. If the value is set to html, all telnet communication is printed to the test case HTML log instead.
All cth_conn_log hook options described above can also be specified in a configuration file with the configuration variable ct_conn_log. Example:
 {ct_conn_log, [{ct_telnet,[{log_type,raw},
 {hosts,[key_or_name()]}]}]}
Note that hook options specified in a configuration file will overwrite any hardcoded hook options in the test suite!
Logging example
The following ct_hooks statement will cause printing of telnet traffic to separate logs for the connections named server1 and server2. Traffic for any other connections will be logged in the default telnet log.
 suite() ->
 [{ct_hooks,
 [{cth_conn_log, [{ct_telnet,[{hosts,[server1,server2]}]}]}]}].
As previously explained, the above specification could also be provided by means of an entry like this in a configuration file:
 {ct_conn_log, [{ct_telnet,[{hosts,[server1,server2]}]}]}.
in which case the ct_hooks statement in the test suite may simply look like this:
 suite() ->
 [{ct_hooks, [{cth_conn_log, []}]}].
Types
connection() = handle() | {target_name() (see module ct), connection_type()} | target_name() (see module ct)
connection_type() = telnet | ts1 | ts2
handle() = handle() (see module ct_gen_conn)
prompt_regexp() = string()
Functions
open(Name) -> {ok, Handle} | {error, Reason}
Equivalent to open(Name, telnet).
open(Name, ConnType) -> {ok, Handle} | {error, Reason}
 - Name = target_name()
 - ConnType = connection_type() (see module ct_telnet)
 - Handle = handle() (see module ct_telnet)
 - Reason = term()
Open a telnet connection to the specified target host.
open(KeyOrName, ConnType, TargetMod) -> {ok, Handle} | {error, Reason}
open(KeyOrName, ConnType, TargetMod, Extra) -> {ok, Handle} | {error, Reason}
 - KeyOrName = Key | Name
 - Key = atom()
 - Name = target_name() (see module ct)
 - ConnType = connection_type()
 - TargetMod = atom()
 - Extra = term()
 - Handle = handle()
 - Reason = term()
Open a telnet connection to the specified target host.
The target data must exist in a configuration file. The connection may be associated with either Name and/or the returned Handle. To allocate a name for the target, use ct:require/2 in a test case, or use a require statement in the suite info function (suite/0), or in a test case info function. If you want the connection to be associated with Handle only (in case you need to open multiple connections to a host for example), simply use Key, the configuration variable name, to specify the target. Note that a connection that has no associated target name can only be closed with the handle value.
TargetMod is a module which exports the functions connect(Ip,Port,KeepAlive,Extra) and get_prompt_regexp() for the given TargetType (e.g. unix_telnet).
See also: ct:require/2.
close(Connection) -> ok | {error, Reason}
 - Connection = connection() (see module ct_telnet)
 - Reason = term()
Close the telnet connection and stop the process managing it.
A connection may be associated with a target name and/or a handle. If Connection has no associated target name, it may only be closed with the handle value (see the open/4 function).
cmd(Connection, Cmd) -> {ok, Data} | {error, Reason}
Equivalent to cmd(Connection, Cmd, []).
cmd(Connection, Cmd, Opts) -> {ok, Data} | {error, Reason}
 - Connection = connection() (see module ct_telnet)
 - Cmd = string()
 - Opts = [Opt]
 - Opt = {timeout, timeout()} | {newline, boolean()}
 - Data = [string()]
 - Reason = term()
Send a command via telnet and wait for prompt.
This function will by default add a newline to the end of the given command. If this is not desired, the option {newline,false} can be used. This is necessary, for example, when sending telnet command sequences (prefixed with the Interprete As Command, IAC, character).
The option timeout specifies how long the client shall wait for prompt. If the time expires, the function returns {error,timeout}. See the module description for information about the default value for the command timeout.
cmdf(Connection, CmdFormat, Args) -> {ok, Data} | {error, Reason}
cmdf(Connection, CmdFormat, Args, Opts) -> {ok, Data} | {error, Reason}
 - Connection = connection() (see module ct_telnet)
 - CmdFormat = string()
 - Args = list(


text:
Three autumn cherries (Prunus subhirtella 'Autumnalis') were planted around the pond to replace the much beloved cherries that had died. Pink flowers open in the spring and then sporadically on warm fall days.
Also, as part of CGC's commitment to planting native trees, two others were planted:
On the corner of Highland Avenue and Great Brewster Trail is a new tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera). This is a large tree with attractive tulip-shaped flowers in June, which are greenish yellow with orange throats. The unusually shaped leaves turn a lovely yellow in the fall. This is a tree native to eastern North America.
Finally, a red maple (Acer rubrum 'October Glory') was planted in a space between two honey locusts across from the Unitarian Parish house on North Main Street. This maple has brilliant crimson-red fall foliage, which persists on the tree weeks after other trees have defoliated. This is another tree native to eastern North America.
In 1985 tree identification tags were added by the club to 22 (labeling one of each kind) of the 48 trees existing on the Common at that time. Identification tags will soon be added to the recently planted trees. All tags are specially treated metal labels of the type used at the Arnold Arboretum and are placed at a seven foot height as they are on the Boston Common.
In September 1986 the CGC planted a Tulip tree on the Common in honor of CGC member Helen Warren Smith's 100th birthday. And in April 1990 we planted a "disease free" Elm on the Common for Earth Day.
It is hoped that our town and all who visit for many years to come will enjoy all of these trees.


text:
Pricing the default and prepayment risks of mortgages: An option pricing theoretic approach and an empirical hazard rate analysis
Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
James R. Follain
Pricing, Default, Prepayment risks, Mortgages, Option pricing, Hazard rate
Business | Economics | Finance and Financial Management
This study proposes a theoretic interpolation-based lattice model to price the prepayment and default option values of a fixed-rate mortgage, and uses a hazard model to empirically investigate the prepayment and default behavior of FHA insured multifamily loans.
A "pure" option-pricing model is used to price the value of prepayment and default options. Prepayment is treated as an American call option and default as a put option. An interpolation-based lattice model is used to solve backward the prepayment and default option values. Unlike the traditional lattice methods, in which the total number of nodes grows geometrically with time steps when stochastic volatility is present, the number of nodes in this model grows linearly with each variable dimension. The common problem of "non-recombination" is handled through interpolation. This approach can easily accommodate early exercise of option, which is one of the important features of mortgage termination. Another advantage of this approach is that it does not require transformation of the original processes. Therefore, alternative underlying processes can be easily adapted to this model. Finally, numerical results are presented and compared with the results of another lattice approach to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the model.
Research under the empirical investigation is to examine the prepayment and default behavior of FHA insured multifamily mortgages. In most literature, analyses of prepayment and default are conducted separately. However, default and prepayment are clearly not statistically independent, and may actually be related. Given the competing nature of prepayment and default risks, a competing risk hazard model is employed to estimate the conditional prepayment and claim rates for multifamily mortgages simultaneously. Furthermore, the risk preferences and idiosyncrasies across borrowers vary widely. This study presents a competing risk hazard model that accounts for the unobserved heterogeneity among borrowers and estimates the unobserved heterogeneity simultaneously with the parameters of the prepayment and default functions. Finally, the study compares and tests the practical importance of incorporating the competing risk feature and the unobserved heterogeneity in the estimation. The data set used in this study includes one of the largest FHA insured multifamily mortgages: the market rate 221d(4) New Constructions and Substantial Rehabilitation program (OMI). The data set includes information on OMI loans originating from 1965 to 1995. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate the hazard model.
Surface provides description only. Full text is available to ProQuest subscribers. Ask your Librarian for assistance.
Huang, Wenyi Vivien, "Pricing the default and prepayment risks of mortgages: An option pricing theoretic approach and an empirical hazard rate analysis" (1999). Economics - Dissertations. 59.


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For years, movies like Minority Report and Iron Man have teased us with visions of futuristic computer interfaces that allow their users manipulate data and images using only their fingertips, and don't require any hardware other than a two-dimensional screen or a holographic display.
Unfortunately, while there has been a tremendous amount of advancement in technologies that can sense motion and translate it into meaningful input, there is a basic problem that has continued to plague the development of new user interfaces: how to enter text without a physical keyboard. ASETNIOP is a keyboard replacement method that solves this problem: it makes touch-typing possible without needing any kind of visual interface, and without needing any kind of tactile feedback other than the feeling of your fingertips touching a solid surface.
The concept behind ASETNIOP is fairly simple; the keyboard consists of just ten keys – one for each finger. The primary keys (ASETNIOP) are produced with a single press-and-release, and all other letters of the alphabet, as well as common punctuation characters, are produced by pressing a chord – two fingers at the same time. The method also includes more advanced features like the use of stenographic combinations as shortcuts to produce common words, automatic correction of common input errors, and the ability to activate sophisticated word prediction features.
Currently ASETNIOP is available to try for both tablets and with traditional keyboards at asetniop.com, and is intended to be available the LEAP when it ships in 2013. _URL_.


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Chromebooks are distinguished to be minimalistic and quick in response to users as most of their activity is web-based. That said, Chromebooks can still have a few errors or glitches from time to time. As most of its functions are online, knowing about Chromebook errors can help you tackle and troubleshoot various issues. So if your Chromebook laptop's keyboard is not working, make sure to clean up your keyboard thoroughly and then attempt the fixes.
In this article, we will be figuring out various fixes for how to make your Chromebook's keyboard functional again.
Enable the on-screen keyboard to help while you fix
While you are trying to fix your issues with your Chromebook's physical keyboard, then you can enable the on-screen keyboard to help out. You can do that by following the steps given below:
Step 1: Go to Settings and click on Accessibility.
Step 2: Then click on Keyboard and text input. Click on the toggle switch beside the On-screen keyboard.
You can also switch on the dictation feature where you can use your voice to dictate directions.
Below are seven ways to fix the Chromebook keyboard not working issue.
Also read: How to restart a Chromebook when frozen?
Restart and reset Chromebook
Restarting your Chromebook can be the best way to get rid of any glitches. You can press the power button on your keyboard and the Chromebook will shut down. Now press the power button again to power it back.
To perform a hard reset of your Chromebook, press the power button and the refresh key (fourth button from the top left) simultaneously to perform a hard reset. Let go of the refresh button after the Chromebook is open. This will clear any unnecessary cache.
Switch off Function Keys
Apparently, there is a setting in the Chromebook that may treat your top-row keys as function keys if enabled and due to this, you will not be able to use buttons for functions like controlling brightness, volume, refresh, screenshot, and other such buttons for their original function. If this feature has been turned on, then the top row on your Chromebook keyboard is being used as function keys. To disable the same, follow the steps given below:
Step 1: Head to Settings and then click on Device.
Step 2: From the given list, click on Keyboard and switch off the toggle for Treat top-row keys as function keys
Check certain keys
In the same option as above, under the Keyboard in the Device option which is in Settings, you can control the function of Search, Ctrl, Alt, Escape, and Backspace. If any one of these keys is not working, then their toggle must be disabled. You can enable them if they are not functional.
Alter input method
If your keyboard language is different from your spoken or native tongue, then it can result in words that are incomprehensible to you. You can change the input language in the keyboard by following the steps given below:
Step 1: Head to Settings and click on the Advanced option under Accessibility.
Step 2: Look for Language and inputs and change your language if the wrong language is selected, choose the one more suitable to your location.
By switching your account to another or a guest mode, you can check if the problem with your keyboard is related to your account. You can do so by browsing in the Guest mode which will not require sign-in credentials.
After you have signed out of your account, you can find Guest mode in the lower right corner of your login screen. If your keyboard is functioning flawlessly in guest mode, then you may have to delete your user account on your Chromebook and create a new account.
Powerwash your Chromebook
Powerwashing is the term used when you want to perform a factory reset on your Chromebook. All of your files will be erased and your saved accounts will be deleted to renew your device to its original state. Beneficial to you, a powerwash will remove any software problems as well as remaining bugs.
You can perform a powerwash by following the steps given as follows:
Step 1: Head to Chrombook's settings by clicking on the notification menu and then on the gear icon symbolic for Settings.
Step 2: Click on the Advanced option located at the lower left corner in the given options.
Step 3: From the option shown in Advanced, click on Accessibility. Now click on the Reset button in front of the Powerwash option.
Switch off Sticky Keys and enable auto-repeat
Sticky keys on the keyboard, when enabled, hinder your use of keyboard shortcuts, that is, pressing more than two keys simultaneously. You can find the sticky keys toggle in Accessibility, under click on Keyboard and text input settings.
You can also switch on the auto-repeat, which allows you to type one character repeatedly when pressed at any given time. You can find auto-repeat settings in Device, under Keyboard.
Also read: Why is my Chromebook so slow?


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"masculinity" French translation
These constructions of masculinity are present even within the family relationship.
'Hegemonic masculinity' is a concept that draws upon the ideas of Gramsci.
ILO had examined the influence of men and masculinity on employment issues.
Moreover, masculinity is measured socially by the number of children a man fathers.
They are also thought to be immalleable in their conceptions of gender and masculinity.
Synonyms (English) for "masculinity":
Usage examples for "masculinity" in French
marvelous · Marxism · Mary · Maryland · Marylander · Marylanders · marzipan · mascara · mascot · masculine · masculinity · mash · mash-up · mashed · mashup · mask · maslovite · masochism · masochist · masochistic · Mason
More translations in the English-Indonesian dictionary.


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Interstate Competition and State Death Taxes: A Modern Crisis in Historical Perspective
State death taxes are one of the oldest forms of state revenue, dating back to the early 19th century. Yet, as the 21st century begins, these taxes face a significant crisis. In just the past five years, prompted by the 2001 repeal of the federal "state death tax credit" that had facilitated collection of these taxes, and yielding to increasingly vocal anti-tax rhetoric, half of the states simply have abandoned this form of tax revenue. This dramatic shift in state tax policy impacts not only the states that have repealed death taxes, but also those that still impose these taxes. The former now must find alternate forms of revenue or reduce governmental expenditures. The latter now must fear that taxpayers will "vote with their feet," abandoning the states that impose death taxes towards the growing number of states touting their more favorable tax climates. As interstate competition to attract these wealthy migrants intensifies, at stake is far more than the mere billions of dollars of state revenue generated by death taxes. Rather, the crisis implicates the fundamental nature of modern state taxation, raising the question of whether traditionally progressive forms of state taxation can survive in an increasingly mobile society.
This Article contends that the current decline of state death taxes is not an isolated modern event, but rather one step in a decades-long interstate battle to attract and retain wealthy citizens. As such, before we can comprehend the potential consequences of the decline of state death taxes, and perhaps progressive taxes more generally, we must rightly address the fundamental underlying question: how did we get where we are today? The Article attempts to address that question and fill a gap in the modern literature by providing a comprehensive treatment of the history of how interstate competition shaped state death taxes and how the state death tax credit, now repealed, altered that history. By placing this modern tax crisis in its historical perspective, the Article reveals both a major current challenge facing state death taxes, as well as an underlying, brewing, battle between states that depend on progressive forms of taxation and states that provide a safe haven for taxpayers seeking to avoid such taxes.


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Art and Web Design
Contact me for information about rates and availability.
Rocket Science Using Python
Learn the fundamental equations used in aerospace science using the Python programming language. In these Python tutorials, we will calculate the required variables needed to launch spacecraft into orbit around Earth or to a distant planet and then we will see how Python can be used to track the International Space Station (ISS). We will use Python to calculate the escape velocity for each planetary body and other fun rocket science projects.
Web Scraping Current Two-Line Elements
For this tutorial we will learn how to use Python to scrape the web for the most current two-line element sets for various orbiting spacecraft. A two-line element is a data format that encodes a list of orbital elements of objects orbiting the Earth for any given moment in time. TLEs are commonly used as input for projecting the future orbital tracks. We will use Python to scrape our NORAD TLEs from _URL_. As we will learn, fetching data from the web is pretty easy.
For this tutorial we will be using the Python programming language along with the BeautifulSoup and Requests libraries and the html5lib parser to scrape the web for the current TLE for the International Space Station. BeautifulSoup will be used to get data out of the HTML file that contains the two-line elements. It does this by building a tree out of the various elements on a web page and makes it easy to access these elements. The requests library makes it easier to handle HTML requests and we use the html5lib parser as it is more linient when dealing with poorly formatted HTML.
Rocket Propulsion Using Python
In this tutorial we will focus on the fundamental elements of various rocket propulsion systems and learn how we can use the Python programming language to compute these elements. We will focus on the Ariane 5, Atlas V and Saturn V rocket engines. In our analysis we will consider both the liquid propellant rocket engines and solid propellant rocket boosters used in each of the rockets listed above.
We will begin with a brief discussion on the fundamental elements of rocket propulsion and then we will attempt to calculate these elements using Python. For starters, rocket propulsion is a class of jet propulsion that produces thrust by ejecting liquid or solid matter stored within the rocket, which is called the propellant.
Rocket Comparison Using Python
In this tutorial, we will take a closer look at several past and present chemical rockets, using the Python programming language and the Matplotlib library to visualize the differences in size, mass and thrust of each rocket. We will compare the Ariane 5, Atlas V, Black Brant IV, Delta II, Delta IV, Falcon 9 and Saturn V rockets.
Before we begin programming we must collect data on each rocket, and for this purpose we will use Wikipedia to gather the necessary information. When measuring height and diameter, we will use the metric system as opposed to the imperial system (1 ft = 0.3048 m). Thrust will be measured in lbf (please note that in some cases we may need to convert from Newtons (N) or kilo Newtons (kN) to lbf (1.0 N = 0._PHONE_ lbf). Also note that we will only be using the thrust of the first stage rocket engine at sea level.
How to Calculate Orbital Elements of a Spacecraft Using Python
In this tutorial, I will introduce you to some basic rocket science equations and then show you how to calculate them using the Python programming language. In this tutorial I will be focusing on the International Space Station for our calculations. The results of our calculations can then be compared to those provided by the European Space Agency, NASA and the Heaven's Above websites.
The International Space Station, or ISS, is the largest orbiting space station ever built by man. It is the result of the combined efforts of several nations, over the course of several years to construct. It was initially launched into orbit on 20 November 1998. It orbits the Earth at an altitude of 370-460 km. It is approximately 109 meters wide, 74 meters long and 45 meters high, with a mass of approximately 925,335 pounds (419,725 kilograms). The ISS has a habitable volume of about 13,696 cubic feet (388 cubic meters), not including visiting vehicles. It has an orbital inclination of 51.6° and an orbital velocity of 7.6-7.7 km/s (around 27 500 km/h).


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Margaretha GIEHL _PHONE_
Margaretha was born in 1835, on 25th May; she was the second of three daughters born to the liaison between Konrad Giehl and Maria Katharina Bill. No marriage contract was ever made between this pair but the girls always carried the surname of their father, who himself was illegitimate. Konrad died when Margaretha was not quite two years of age. A few months later, her mother married her father's second cousin, Johannes Gross from the village of Hoch-Weisel.
Margaretha was confirmed on 28th May 1849; she was described as the daughter of the day worker Konrad Giehl and his wife Maria Katharina nee Bill. This was incorrect as each sister was registered as an illegitimate child of Maria Katharina Bill.
Margaretha's older sister, Katharina, migrated to England in 1847; she married there but later came back to the village to give birth to a child. She left Nieder-Weisel again early in 1858, and it may be that Margaretha accompanied her on the journey to Victoria to help with the baby – no record has been found of the voyage to Port Phillip of these two, nor of their sister, Maria Dorothea.
On the second last day of 1858 Margaretha married another German immigrant, Christian Schwab, a son of the farmer Johannes Schwab and Margaretha nee Lufth, born in 1836. The ceremony was held in the Lutheran Church in Ballarat, with Pastor J Niquet officiating. The main witness was another migrant from Nieder-Weisel, Ambrosius Winter.
Margaretha's younger sister Maria Dorothea was in Ballarat by this time and she married Jakob Heinz from Nieder-Weisel there three months later. This couple decided to stay in Ballarat, but Christian took Margaretha to the rapidly growing settlement at Smythesdale, to the west of Ballarat, where he worked as a miner. There were many other migrants from Nieder-Weisel working on this field.
Late in January 1860, Margaretha gave birth to a daughter whom they named Susanna. There was a long gap, of more than nine years, before Margaretha presented her husband with a son, Peter Christian; by then, they were back in Ballarat. Later, they moved to Sandhurst, where Margaretha had the companionship of Katharina, whose husband had decided to settle there permanently. The arrival of Anna Christina in 1872 completed Margaretha's smaller than usual family; Susanna, then 12 years of age, helped to mother her little sister. Nine years later, in the Schwab home in Golden Gully, Susanna married; the third Australian generation had begun.
When Christian became too old to continue to work as a miner, he and Margaretha moved to Melbourne, where Susanna and her family were already living. Christian died of asthma in 1902 in their home in Nelson Street Abbotsford. Margaretha survived him by less than a year; she died of heart failure on 18th August 1903 and was buried with her husband in Boroondara Cemetery the following day. All three children survived her. Her sister Katharina died in September 1902, but Maria Dorothea lived until 1915.
View Margaretha's Family Chart


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Trinidad Head Baseline Observatory Battered by Winter StormJanuary 26, 2006
The NOAA Trinidad Head Baseline Atmospheric Observatory located on the Northern California coastline (41.05 N, 124.15 W), and one of the five NOAA Global Baseline Atmospheric Observatories, was shut down for 3 days due to regional power outages produced by a severe winter storm that battered the California and Oregon coasts earlier this month. Wind speeds of 97 mph (42 m s-1) produced waves of 25 ft (8 m) and uprooted three large 150 year old Monterey Cypress trees located near the observatory, one of which moderately damaged the roof of the ozonesonde balloon launch facility. Nevertheless, the observatory was up and running within hours of power restoration.
The Trinidad Head Observatory, established in the spring of 2002, provides continuous measurements of atmospheric pollutants and climate forcing agents entering the West Coast of the U.S. from Asia. In addition to its long term monitoring mission, the facility has hosted or supported a number of large intensive studies including the NOAA 2002 Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation (ITCT) campaign, the 2004 Intex Ozone Network Study (IONS) and the 2005 Altair Integrated System Flight Demonstration Project. In addition to the normal complement of baseline observatory instruments, the observatory presently supports, or has supported in the past, instruments NOAA/CSD, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), UC-Berkeley, UC-Davis, UC-San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE), operated since 1995 by SIO, is also located on Trinidad Head.
The Trinidad Head Observatory suffered only minimal damage in a severe 50-year storm, and was back in operation within hours of the resumption of power. This same storm produced significant loss of standing timber including up to 70% loss of trees just north of the observatory, presumably due to a reported funnel cloud. Funnel clouds are a very unusual phenomenon for the West Coast. The extreme wind event was the result of intense pressure gradients associated with the formation of a bent back occluded front, itself a relatively rare event on the California Coast.
To see views of the observatory, tree damage, and surfers riding huge waves coming ashore near Half Moon Bay, following the storm go to the link below and view the images in the photo gallery at the bottom of the page.


Flow-length difference as a measure of topographic roughness/incision
TitleFlow-length difference as a measure of topographic roughness/incision
Publication TypeConference Paper
Year of Publication2011
AuthorsLuo, W., and T. Stepinski
Secondary AuthorsHengl, T., I. S. Evans, J. P. Wilson, and M. Gould
Conference NameGeomorphometry 2011
Conference LocationRedlands, CA
Abstract
A new surface roughness/incision measure is introduced based on the difference between the upstream flow length for each cell of a digital elevation model (DEM) along the topographic surface and its projection onto a horizontal plane. The upstream flow lengths along topographic surface can be calculated in ArcGIS software using the Flow Length tool with the inverse of cosine of local slope as weight. The projected horizontal flow length is derived using the same tool with the default weight of unity for each cell. The result of applying this index to the Oregon Cascade region, where big contrast in surface incision exists, shows that it not only reproduces the overall visual contrast in the spatial pattern of dissection, but also corresponds very well with the true degree of incision and reveals details. In contrast, the local relief and standard deviation of slopes, two other indices traditionally used to describe the degree to which the earth surface is incised by exogenic agents, do not always correspond to the true location of incision and lack the details. With more high resolution DEM data becoming available, this new roughness/incision measure can be used to quantify and reveal more detailed dissection pattern on Earth at various spatial scales.
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How much power does a PC use in 24 hours?
A desktop uses an average of 200 W/hour when it is being used (loudspeakers and printer included). A computer that is on for eight hours a day uses almost 600 kWh and emits 175 kg of CO2 per year. A laptop uses between 50 and 100 W/hour when it is being used, depending on the model. CachedSimilar
How much power does it take to run a PC?
A computer's power usage will depend on the type of computer. Laptops use between 15 and 60 typically while desktop computers range between 60 and 250 watts. Google searching for your computer's wattage is the easiest way to get the most accurate number. Cached
How much power does a PC consume per hour?
Electricity consumption of Desktop Computer The CPU and Desktop monitor consumes around 170 Watt per hour of Electricity when actively used. On standby mode / sleep mode, the power consumption goes down to 80 Watt per hour.
Is it OK to leave my PC on for 24 hours?
The Bottom Line Desktop computers are generally more suitable for 24/7 operation, although they should be in a well-ventilated area with some cooling to maintain optimal performance. Laptop and Ultrabook computers should be turned off when not in use, as their hardware is much more susceptible to overheating.
Is it OK to keep a PC running 24 7?
Is It Safe To Run Your PC 24/7? A well-built and well-maintained computer can easily run 24/7 or overnight, with no real issues (apart from the increased electricity costs!). Modern computer systems are designed and tested to be run 24/7, and so you shouldn't have any issues doing this yourself.
How much does a PC cost to run per day?
A desktop PC typically uses around 100 watts of electricity, the equivalent of 0.1 kWh. This means that if a PC is on for eight hours a day, it will cost 10p a day to run the laptop (based on an average energy unit cost of 12.5 p/kWh).
Does PC waste a lot of electricity?
Key takeaways about powering a computer Large desktop and gaming computers use between 200 and 500 watts of electricity, on average. Using a computer for 8 hours per day will use about 12.2 kilowatt-hours of electricity per month and 146 kilowatt-hours of electricity per year.
Do gaming PCs run up the electric bill?
According to this MakeUseOf article, your gaming PC comes with more advanced hardware than a typical PC. For instance, a gaming PC usually comes with a more powerful GPU, which requires more electricity to operate. Because of that, its energy consumption is significantly higher.
How much does it cost to run a PC for 8 hours a day?
On average, a laptop consumes about 50 watts of electricity, the equivalent of 0.05 kWh. This means that if a laptop is on for eight hours a day, it will cost 24p a day to operate the laptop or 3p an hour. Please note: the wattage of an appliance does not necessarily mean it will end up using more electricity.
How much does it cost to run a gaming PC?
An efficient gaming PC (being used at 100% load) running an 80 Plus Bronze PSU will use around 730W of power (or 0.73 kWh). Using the current UK price cap of 34.0p/kWh, this equates to around £0.25 per hour. Over 24hrs, this comes to approximately £5.96.
Is it bad to shut down PC every night?
If you use your computer frequently — more than once a day, most days of the week — and on your own secured network, you're fine to stick with sleep mode. However, you should power it all the way down at least once a week to keep it running smoothly.
Should you shut down your gaming PC every night?
The short answer is no. The longer answer: It depends. Sleep mode overnight can be beneficial as it can allow it to perform any maintenance tasks scheduled — think full system virus scans, doing a full backup of the hard drive or checking for software updates, says Meister.
Do PCs shut off when they get too hot?
An overheating computer can intermittently restart, shutdown, or experience performance issues. Eventually excessive heat can damage the internal components. When the computer overheats, you may experience symptoms such as: Fans inside the computer become louder as they start spinning faster to remove excess heat.


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Dogs nibble and bite on blankets and other things to explore them. Dogs explore the world mostly through their senses of smell and taste, which is why puppies are so prone to chewing on things. Teething also causes young dogs to favor chewing as they cut new teeth.
Dogs chew and suck on blankets for a number of reasons. The sensation is soothing on their gums if they have irritated gums or if they are young and teething. The blanket may also have a scent they like. They might also be playing with the blanket, and one form of play is to chew on the item. Picking up a chew toy and directing the dog to it instead of the blanket redirects the behavior. Dogs often mistake blankets as toy obstacles when their owner is in bed. This can be corrected by directing the dog to an actual toy when it goes towards a body part under the blanket so that it recognizes that the blanket movement does not initiate playtime.
Chewing on blankets is a common phenomenon that a lot of dog owners have to work around. Sometimes, the easiest solution is to designate a cheap blanket just for the dog to chew on so that other high-quality items remain unsullied.


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Article
Maximum Tension Predicts Relative Endurance of Fast-Twitch Motor Units in the Cat
Journal of Neurophysiology (1988)
 - B. R. Botterman
 - Timothy C. Cope, Wright State University - Main Campus
Abstract
1. The relationships between maximum tetanic tension (P0), endurance time, and axonal conduction velocity (CV) were investigated in fast-twitch motor units of the cat flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles, and in one flexor digitorum longus (FDL) muscle. Endurance time was the length of time that a unit could maintain 25% of its maximum tetanic tension during a sustained contraction. Motor unit tension was "clamped" at 25% of maximum by altering the stimulation rate of a unit's motor axon through computer feedback control.
2. In individual experiments, including the one investigated FDL muscle, an inverse relation was consistently found between maximum tension and endurance time. Pooled data from the FCR and MG muscles also resulted in significant correlations between maximum tetanic tension and endurance time.
3. Following the force-clamp contraction, some motor units were subjected to the standard fatigue test of Burke and colleagues (6). Motor units were classified as type FR (fast twitch, fatigue resistant) or type FF* (fast twitch, fast fatiguing after the force-clamp contraction). For both type FR and FF* units, maximum tetanic tension and endurance time were found to be inversely related. However, no correlation was found between maximum tetanic tension and fatigue index for type FR units. Only when all type F (FR + FF*) units were considered as a population was there a significant correlation between these two properties.
4. Other investigators have shown that maximum tetanic tension and axonal conduction velocity are highly correlated with the recruitment order of motoneurons (e.g., Refs. 2, 26). Endurance time was found to be more tightly coupled with contraction strength than with conduction velocity. In 12 of 14 experiments, significant Spearman rank correlation coefficients were found between endurance time and tension, whereas significant correlations were found in only 3 of 14 experiments for endurance time and conduction velocity.
5. Pairs of motor units isolated from the same muscle were formed to see if the unit with the smaller tension had the slower conduction velocity and the longer endurance time. Across all muscles, the probability that the unit with the smallest tension had the greatest endurance time was 0.91 (441 of 487 pairs). By contrast, the probability that the least forceful unit of the pair had the slowest conduction velocity was 0.61.
6. In four experiments, pairs of type-identified units were examined. Among FR-FR pairs, the least forceful unit had the greatest endurance time in 88% of 43 pairs. For FF*-FF* pairs, the percentage was somewhat lower, 72% of 29 pairs. The highest percentage was found for FR-FF* pairs, 99% of 88 pairs. Only among the FR-FR pairs did the probability for the least forceful unit to have the slower conduction velocity exceed 50% (i.e., random), ~65% for 43 pairs.
7. Among type F units, the consequences of two different recruitment schemes are discussed with regard to the force output of the muscle. By using endurance time as a measure of muscle-unit performance, it is concluded that fewer units would be required to maintain a submaximal contraction if recruitment proceeded by increasing contraction strength rather than by increasing axonal conduction velocity. For sustained contractions involving the type F population, then, strict adherence to a recruitment sequence that is based on motoneurons having progressively faster axonal conduction velocities would have the effect to hasten fatigue.
Keywords
 - maximum tension,
 - relative endurance,
 - fast-twitch motor units,
 - cat
Publication Date
October 1, 1988
Citation Information
B. R. Botterman and Timothy C. Cope. "Maximum Tension Predicts Relative Endurance of Fast-Twitch Motor Units in the Cat" Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 60 Iss. 4 (1988)
Available at: _URL_


19.6 DBMS_LOB Subprograms Used with DBFS
You should note that some changes have been made to the DBMS_LOB subprograms over time.
Table 19-2 summarizes changes made to PL/SQL package DBMS_LOB subprograms.
Be aware that some of the DBMS_LOB operations that existed before Oracle Database 11g Release 2 throw an exception error if the LOB is a DBFS link. To remedy this problem, modify your applications to explicitly replace the DBFS link with a LOB by calling the DBMS_LOB.COPY_FROM_LINK procedure before they make these calls. When the call completes, then the application can move the updated LOB back to DBFS using the DBMS_LOB.MOVE_TO_DBFS_LINK procedure, if necessary.
Other DBMS_LOB operations that existed before Oracle Database 11g Release 2 work transparently if the DBFS Link is in a file system that supports streaming. Note that these operations fail if streaming is either not supported or disabled.
Table 19-2 DBMS_LOB Subprograms
Subprogram Description
Copies an existing DBFS link into a new LOB
Copies the specified LOB data from DBFS HSM Store into the database
Returns a unique file path name for creating a DBFS Link
Returns the DBFS path name for a LOB
Returns the linking state of a LOB
Moves the specified LOB data from the database into DBFS HSM Store
Links a LOB with a DBFS path name


The use of the Actiwatch to assess movement in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
OnderzoeksoutputAcademic
Samenvatting
Introduction: People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) are heavily dependent on support to perform movements. Currently, assessment of movement in people with PIMD involves the use of diaries and heart rate monitors, unable to assess the actual amount of movement of people with PIMD. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Actiwatch to objectively assess movement in people with PIMD.
Methods: Twenty-two persons with PIMD were video recorded for about 6 hours divided in 15-min periods and worn an Actiwatch for at least seven consecutive days. The overlapping period of registration was used for analysis. We used instantaneous sampling per 15 s to record the occurrence of movement, body position, and activity situation. Multilevel analysis were used to analyse the outcomes of the Actiwatch among different (activity) situations and body positions.
Results: Early results, based on basic statistics, show a significant difference in outcomes of the Actiwatch between performed and no performed movements, comparable outcomes for different body postures and a significant effect of one of the activity situations. The final results will be presented at the congress. Implications: This study will demonstrate if the Actiwatch can be used to objectively assess movements of people with PIMD during different activities and performed from different body postures.
Originele taal-2English
StatusPublished - jul-2019
Evenement16th IASSIDD World Conference - Glasgow
Duur: 6-aug-20199-aug-2019
Conference
Conference16th IASSIDD World Conference
Periode06/08/201909/08/2019
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The work of Friedensreich Hundertwasser is one of Austria's most significant contributions to art history in post-war modernism. In spite of his immense popularity, which the skilled networker and ambitious artist attained early in his career, the myth of the lone genius and eccentric outsider prevails to this day. In the exhibition Hundertwasser, Japan and the Avant-Garde the Belvedere has set out to rediscover the artist's early work. A thematic approach places Hundertwasser in the context of the avant-garde movement, aiming to counter this myth and reveal new ways of looking at his art as a whole. In doing so, the exhibition explores the artist's connections with Japan in the 1950s and his significance within the international avant-garde movement. For the first time in Vienna the show is bringing together masterpieces by Hundertwasser and works by Shinkichi Tajiri, Akira Kito, Yves Klein, Lucio Fontana, Pierre Alechinsky, Constant, Corneille, Sam Francis, and Mark Tobey. Another first is that these artists are being shown with Hundertwasser from the point of view of the Far Eastern influences on their work.
A Nonconformist Pioneer of the Avant-Garde
As revealed by the many documents that were researched for this exhibition, Friedensreich Hundertwasser was an adept networker and determined artist, who achieved high prices for his work on the international art market even in the mid-1950s. At the same time he was seen as a mysterious and misunderstood outsider as his attitude toward art and life, which he wanted to see closely linked, did not conform to traditional Western ways of thinking.
Far Eastern Wisdom as a Source of Inspiration
In the 1950s many artists approached their metier in an unprecedented way by defining the relationship between artist and viewer and work and world in a new and abstract manner. Far Eastern philosophers became a vital source of inspiration – the holistic view of art at the time often looked toward process-oriented ways of thinking from China and Japan. In addition, Zen Buddhism provided a welcome stimulus for many artists in North America and Europe. Hundertwasser was able to combine this age-old Far Eastern wisdom with Europe's scientific and analytical traditions of thought to interpret these in his own way for his art. His key work The Big Way from the Belvedere's collection is a classic example of the interplay between Far Eastern philosophy and Western abstract art.
The Cult around Art and around Life
The exhibition is divided into six themes – Architecture, Garden, Japan, The Line, Journey – Way – Process, and Freedom and Abstraction. Architecture addresses Hundertwasser's plea for individual creative freedom – everybody can, should and must build –, while Garden illustrates his early interest in Japanese garden culture and the ecological awareness this awakened in him. The Line focuses on how Hundertwasser introduced the vegetative spiral, embodying the processes of nature and life in his art, and Journey – Way – Process as well as Freedom and Abstraction demonstrate how the processes of painting, living, and reflection always coincided in his work and free thinking took precedence over art's formal criteria. For the first time the exhibition is uniting works by Hundertwasser with those of his companions and colleagues, who also found inspiration for their art by studying Far Eastern philosophy.


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At the realm of 3D data capture and visualisation, georeferencing 3D point clouds has become a fundamental practice, and Tantek 4D consistently advises its clients to embrace this technique. Georeferencing involves attaching geographic coordinates to individual points within a 3D point cloud, effectively placing them in a real world co-ordinate system with a relative x, y and z co-ordinate. This seemingly technical process offers a vast number of benefits that greatly enhance the accuracy of 3D point cloud data. In this article, we will explore why Tantek 4D champions georeferencing and the advantages it brings to various industries and applications.
What is Georeferencing 3D Point Clouds?
Before delving into the benefits, it's crucial to understand the concept of georeferencing 3D point clouds. At its core, georeferencing involves aligning a point cloud dataset to a geographic co-ordinate system. This geographic co-ordinate system can also be referred to as the 'Local Co-Ordinate System' depending on where in the world you are. This is achieved by associating each point in the cloud with precise geographic coordinates such as easting, northing and elevation or latitude, longitude, and elevation. The result is a spatially accurate representation of the environment, allowing for seamless integration with geographic information systems (GIS) and other geospatial tools.
Benefits of Georeferencing 3D Point Clouds:
- Enhanced Spatial Accuracy
The primary and most obvious benefit of georeferencing 3D point clouds is the significant improvement in spatial accuracy. Without georeferencing, point clouds exist in a virtual space with no real-world context. Georeferencing anchors the data to the a co-ordinate system, enabling precise measurements and accurate spatial analysis. This level of accuracy is invaluable in fields such as land surveying, infrastructure, construction and civil engineering, where precision is paramount.
- Seamless Integration with GIS
Georeferenced 3D point clouds seamlessly integrate with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), creating a powerful synergy between 3D visualisation and geospatial data analysis. This integration enables users to overlay point cloud data with existing geospatial datasets like maps, satellite imagery, boundaries and most importantly for specific facility survey data such as 3D Models, Topographical Surveys, Utility Surveys etc.
- Streamlined Data Sharing and Collaboration
Georeferenced point clouds facilitate efficient data sharing and collaboration. When everyone in a project is working with georeferenced data, there's less room for interpretation or misalignment. Architects, Design Teams, and Construction Management Teams can collaborate seamlessly, reducing errors and ensuring that projects progress according to plan.
- Accurate Asset Management
For industries involved in managing physical assets, georeferenced 3D point clouds provide an accurate representation of physical assets such as Commercial/Residential Buildings, Infrastructure, Power Plants, Pharmaceutical Plants, Semi-Conductor facilities or Data Centres. This accuracy is essential for maintenance, inspections, and future planning. It helps asset managers optimise their operations, minimise downtime, and extend the lifespan of critical infrastructure.
Georeferencing 3D point clouds is more than just a best practice; it's a game-changer for a wide range of industries and applications. Tantek 4D's recommendation to Georeference 3D point clouds is rooted in the immense benefits it offers, including enhanced spatial accuracy, seamless integration with GIS, streamlined collaboration, and accurate asset management.
As technology continues to advance, georeferencing will likely become an indispensable tool for professionals seeking to harness the full potential of 3D point cloud data. Embracing this practice is not only a sound investment but also a step toward a more accurate and sustainable future across various sectors.


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Technology enables photographs to be taken without a camera. Researchers in Israel have developed innovative rapid imaging technology and demonstrated its performance in reconstructing the movement of a minute animal.
The research team's technology is based on the innovative SPI (single-pixel imaging) concept – the production of high-quality images using a device equipped with only a single detector.
This concept, which enables photographs to be taken without a camera, has vast potential for diverse applications, such as the development of components of warning systems in autonomous vehicles or enhanced image depth in microscopy of biological tissues.
SPI is based on the illumination of an object with encoded light patterns, generally by means of a projector. Based on the properties of the light reflected and propagated by the object, the image of the object can be produced using reconstruction algorithms.
Photographs to be taken without a camera.
The problem is that to date, these systems have been hampered by significant limitations, one of them being the slow image acquisition rate, which is the result of the fact that the projectors themselves are slow. This has, until now, limited use of the systems to photographing stationary objects.
The research team broke through this limitation by applying a new method for spatially encoding light at unprecedented frequencies – 2.4 MHz as opposed to 22 kHz, which is the maximum frequency currently available in SPI technology.
This represents an improvement of more than a hundredfold in projection rates and image acquisition rates. By using a rotating device fitted with a coding mask, the researchers created a completely new illumination pattern and an SPI microscope with unprecedented capabilities.
To demonstrate the system's capabilities, the research group produced videos with a frame rate of 72 FPS (frames per second). The films accurately depict the complex movement of the nematode worm, C. elegans, an impossible achievement using currently available SPI technology.


Symbols of Canary Islands
By Isleta Design Studio 6 years ago
The inspiration
Fascinated by this beautiful archipelago in the Atlantic ocean and its wonderful landscapes, we decided to pay homage to Canary Islands representing those who are officially considered by the region as symbols of nature of each major island.
Presa Canario
The Perro de Presa Canario, a.k.a. the Canary Mastiff, is a large Molosser-type dog breed originally bred for working livestock. The name of the breed is Spanish, means "Canarian catch dog", and is often shortened to Presa Canario or simply Presa. It's the animal symbol of the island of Gran Canaria.
Presa canario dog on a beach, symbol of Gran Canaria island
Avutarda hubara bird on a sandy beach, symbol of Fuerteventura island
Avutarda hubara
The Avutarda Hubara (Chlamydotis undulata) is a large bird in the bustard family. This bustard is found in arid habitats spread across northern Africa and Southeast Asia with a population on the Canary Islands. It is the animal symbol of the island of Fuerteventura.
Cangrejo ciego
Munidopsis polymorpha is a species of squat lobster, also known as the blind albino cave crab, Cangrejo ciego, that is endemic to Lanzarote, Canary Islands. They are small, blind and pale, and can be found in the caves of Jameos del Agua, lava tubes formed by volcanic eruptions 3,000 years ago. It is the animal symbol of the island of Lanzarote.
Cangrejo ciego crab at the bottom of the ocean, symbol of Lanzarote island
Pinzón azul bird on a tree with Teide mountain landscape, symbol of Tenerife island
Pinzón azul
The Pinzón azul (Tenerife blue chaffinch) is a species of passerine bird in the finch family of Fringillidae, endemic to Tenerife in Canary Islands. This bird is the animal symbol of the island.
Paloma rabiche
The Paloma rabiche (Laurel pigeon or White-tailed laurel pigeon) is a species of bird in the Columba genus in the Columbidae family. It is endemic to the laurel forest habitat of Canary Islands. It is the animal symbol of the island of La Gomera.
Paloma rabiche pigeon bird on hill, symbol of La Gomera island
Lagarto gigante lizard standing on a rock, symbol of El Hierro island
Lagarto gigante
Gallotia simonyi is a species of wall lizard that can be found on the island of El Hierro, Canary Islands. This omnivorous giant lizard has been chosen as the animal symbol of the island.
The Graja is a subspecies of Red-billed chough or Cornish chough, a bird in the crow family, endemic to the island of La Palma, Canary Islands. This little chough is the animal symbol of the island.
Graja crow bird next to a cliff, symbol of La Palma island
Canary Islands art prints by Isleta Design Studio decorating the HashtagWorkspace coworking patio
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Displaywriter Emulation of a Pc's Keyboard, Display and Media
Original Publication Date: 1986-Feb-01
Included in the Prior Art Database: 2005-Mar-08
An emulation program allows the Displaywriter (DW) to be attached to a Personal Computer (PC) and to execute PC applications. This provides access to PC functions from the DW and a means of transferring files between the PC and the DW. The emulation program is provided with routines that run on a DW and a PC. The program connects the two machines and provides PC functions on the DW. The DW functions as the logical display, keyboard, and media of the PC. This means that the data normally displayed on the PC monochrome display is displayed on the Displaywriter's display. Similarly, keystrokes on the Displaywriter are transmitted to the PC and are processed as if the keys had actually been pressed on the PC's keyboard.


screen needs to be updated (see Listing 12 and Listing 17 for example), it makes a call to the repaint method inherited from the Component class. This ultimately results in a call to the world's paintComponent method.
Can be triggered by the operating system
Similarly, when the operating system decides for whatever reason that the world's screen representation needs to be updated, (such as when it is minimized and then restored), the operating system causes the world's paintComponent method to be called.
A reference to a graphics context
When the paintComponent method is called, it receives a reference to a graphics context that represents an area of the screen that is to be repainted.
Casting the graphics context
Casting the graphics context reference to type Graphics2D makes it possible to use the methods of the Graphics2D class to draw on the graphics context.
Actually an object of the Graphics2D class
The graphics context is received as type Graphics, but it is actually a reference to an object of the Graphics2D subclass of Graphics.
Draw the current picture on the graphics context
Listing 22 begins by calling the drawImage method to draw the image contained in the world's current Picture object on the graphics context. This produced the aquarium background shown in Figure 1.
Call paintComponent on each of the turtles
Then Listing 22 uses an iterator to loop and call the paintComponent method on each Turtle object whose reference is stored in the list of turtles, passing the same graphics context received by the world's paintComponent method.
Draw each turtle and its track
We learned in an earlier lesson (see Resources) that a turtle's paintComponent method begins by casting the incoming reference of type Graphics to type Graphics2D. Then it draws the body parts of the turtle at the correct location, in the correct color with the correct heading. Then it calls the paintComponent method on the Pen object that belongs to the turtle, passing the same graphics context that it received.
Drawing the historical turtle track
As a turtle moves with the pen down, the turtle's Pen object maintains a list of historical turtle movements as type PathSegment. When the paintComponent method is called on the Pen object, it uses the contents of that list to reconstruct and draw line segments with the correct width and the correct color representing the turtle's historical path. Note, however, that the pen was never down in the sample program named TurtleWorld01 so no turtle tracks are produced. (For an interesting effect, disable the call to the penUp method in Listing 15.)
The remaining methods of the World class
The world class defines several additional methods that I haven't discussed in this lesson:
 - getLastTurtle - a method to get a reference to the last turtle in the list of turtles.
 - containsTurtle - a method to determine if the list contains a reference to a specific turtle object.
 - remove - a method to remove a specific turtle from the list.
 - getWidth - a method to get the width of the World object.
 - getHeight - a method to get the height of the World object.
 - setAutoPaint - a method to set the value of the autoPaint variable to true or false.
 - setVisible - a method to make the World object visible or invisible.
 - getTurtleIterator - a method to get an Iterator object on the list of turtles.
 - toString - a method to return a string that describes a World object.
The code for all of the methods in the above list is straightforward. You can view that code in Listing 23.
That wraps it up
That brings us to the end of the explanation of the class named World and the end of the explanation of the program named TurtleWorld01.
Run the programs
I encourage you to copy the code from Listing 24, compile the code, and execute it. Experiment with the code, making changes, and observing the results of your changes. Make certain that you can explain why your changes behave as they do.
Summary
In this lesson, I have explained an animation program named TurtleWorld01 along with an explanation of the class named World. The program named TurtleWorld01 illustrates a form of flocking behavior (see Wikipedia: Flocking behavior in Resources) where a herd of turtles follow a lead turtle as it moves randomly in a World object while attempting to avoid collisions with one another.
What's next?
In the next lesson, you learn how to write programs using the methods defined in the Picture and SimplePicture classes that are declared in the DigitalPicture interface.
Resources
 - Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License
 - Media Computation book in Java - numerous downloads available
 - Introduction to Computing and Programming with Java: A Multimedia Approach
 - DrJava download site
 - DrJava, the JavaPLT group at Rice University
 - DrJava Open Source License
 - The Essence of OOP using Java, The this and super Keywords
 - Threads of Control
 - Painting in AWT and Swing
 - Wikipedia Turtle Graphics
 - IsA or HasA
 - Vector Cad-Cam XI Lathe Tutorial
 - Classification of 3D to 2D projections
 - 200 Implementing the Model-View-Controller Paradigm using Observer and Observable
 - 300 Java 2D Graphics, Nested Top-Level Classes and Interfaces
 - 302 Java 2D Graphics, The Point2D Class
 - 304 Java 2D Graphics, The Graphics2D Class
 - 306 Java 2D Graphics, Simple Affine Transforms
 - 308 Java 2D Graphics, The Shape Interface, Part 1
 - 310 Java 2D Graphics, The Shape Interface, Part 2
 - 312 Java 2D Graphics, Solid Color Fill
 - 314 Java 2D Graphics, Gradient Color Fill
 - 316 Java 2D Graphics, Texture Fill
 - 318 Java 2D Graphics, The Stroke Interface
 - 320 Java 2D Graphics, The Composite Interface and Transparency
 - 322 Java 2D Graphics, The Composite Interface, GradientPaint, and Transparency
 - 324 Java 2D Graphics, The Color Constructors and Transparency
 - 400 Processing Image Pixels using Java, Getting Started
 402 Processing Image Pixels using Java, Creating a Spotlight
 404 Processing Image Pixels Using Java: Controlling Contrast and Brightness
 406 Processing Image Pixels, Color Intensity, Color Filtering, and Color Inversion
 408 Processing Image Pixels, Performing Convolution on Images
 410 Processing Image Pixels, Understanding Image Convolution in Java
 412 Processing Image Pixels, Applying Image Convolution in Java, Part 1
 414 Processing Image Pixels, Applying Image Convolution in Java, Part 2
 416 Processing Image Pixels, An Improved Image-Processing Framework in Java
 418 Processing Image Pixels, Creating Visible Watermarks in Java
 450 A Framework for Experimenting with Java 2D Image-Processing Filters
 452 Using the Java 2D LookupOp Filter Class to Process Images
 454 Using the Java 2D AffineTransformOp Filter Class to Process Images
 456 Using the Java 2D LookupOp Filter Class to Scramble and Unscramble Images
 458 Using the Java 2D BandCombineOp Filter Class to Process Images
 460 Using the Java 2D ConvolveOp Filter Class to Process Images
 462 Using the Java 2D ColorConvertOp and RescaleOp Filter Classes to Process Images
 - 506 JavaBeans, Introspection
 - 2100 Understanding Properties in Java and C#
 - 2300 Generics in J2SE, Getting Started
 - 340 Multimedia Programming with Java, Getting Started
 - 342 Getting Started with the Turtle Class: Multimedia Programming with Java
 - 344 Continuing with the SimpleTurtle Class: Multimedia Programming with Java
 - 346 Wrapping Up the SimpleTurtle Class: Multimedia Programming with Java
 - 348 The Pen and PathSegment Classes: Multimedia Programming with Java
 - 349 A Pixel Editor Program in Java: Multimedia Programming with Java
 - 350 3D Displays, Color Distance, and Edge Detection
 - 351 A Slider-Controlled Softening Program for Digital Photos
Complete program listings
Complete listings of the programs discussed in this lesson are shown in Listing 23 and Listing 24 below.
Listing 23. Source code for Ericson's class named World.
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Observer;
import java.awt.*;
/**
 * Class to represent a 2d world that can hold turtles and
 * display them
 *
 * Copyright Georgia Institute of Technology 2004
 * @author Barb Ericson _EMAIL_
 */
public class World
 extends JComponent implements ModelDisplay{
 ////////////////// fields ///////////////////////
 /** should automatically repaint when model changed */
 private boolean autoRepaint = true;
 /** the background color for the world */
 private Color background = Color.white;
 /** the width of the world */
 private int width = 640;
 /** the height of the world */
 private int height = 480;
 /** the list of turtles in the world */
 private List<Turtle> turtleList =
 new ArrayList<Turtle>();
 /** the JFrame to show this world in */
 private JFrame frame = new JFrame("World");
 /** background picture */
 private Picture picture = null;
 ////////////////// the constructors ///////////////
 /**
 * Constructor that takes no arguments
 */
 public World()
 {
 // set up the world and make it visible
 initWorld(true);
 }
 /**
 * Construct


Recruiting participants for community conversations
The discussions that are part of community conversations should include participants who are able to represent the entire community.
Think about a community you have some involvement with. Spend a few moments writing down the sorts of people you could invite who would represent between them the whole community.
Show answer
You need to strive for a diversity of opinion, ethnicity, race and gender, and all the other features that reflect the make-up of the community.
Avoid inviting only the obvious people to the community conversation, for example, opinion leaders or health experts. Keep these people involved, but encourage all the participants to reach out and attract a larger, more representative group of the community. Try to involve community members who have more experience in life, because these people will know about the effects of community change and therefore will have a vested interest in the issues affecting the community. In addition, this will bring consistency and continuity to the community conversation meetings.
A healthcare worker talks to some women outside the health facility.
Make personal contact to invite people, and ensure that the whole community realises that their voice is essential. (Photo: UNICEF /Indrias Getchew)
Diversity for the community conversation
Remember that by actively recruiting members who reflect the community's diversity in ethnicity, culture, perspectives, gender and age, you will achieve a richer dialogue from a more representative sample.
Last modified: Saturday, 12 July 2014, 5:15 PM


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Hunza, January 19: Pakistan Army would work on releasing water from the lake formed on Hunza river. Immigration officials have been ordered to open the Chinese border to facilitate the people of Gojal Valley. The deputy commissioner of Hunza- Nagar, Zafar Waqat Taj, shared these informations with journalists during a press briefing. He further said that releasing water from the lake might take around forty five days.
He further said that 3000 liters of fuel and additional ration to feed the population of Gojal valley for two weeks has been stored in the region.
He also said that different organizations are conducting studies on the lake and monitoring its behavior.
He also appreciated the role of various NGOs, including FOCUS Humanitarian Assistance, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, other community based organizations and the local people for playing unprecedented role in normalization of the disaster situation.
According to reports the water outlet is about 98 meter, 295 feet, high from the present water level in the lake. An expert monitoring the water movement informed this scribe that the water rise rate at the main block remained 4 ft in 24 hrs and 3.6 ft in 24 hrs in Ayeenabad. The water has covered about 400 meter of KKH in Ayeenabad further disconnecting about 4 km of KKH. The water has damaged the fields and orchards of about 32 families among them 8 families have lost all their belongings. The water has collapsed about 4 cattle sheds and poses immediate threats to about 9-12 houses.