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Source code for dateutil.relativedelta
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import datetime
import calendar
import operator
from math import copysign
from six import integer_types
from warnings import warn
from ._common import weekday
MO, TU, WE, TH, FR, SA, SU = weekdays = tuple(weekday(x) for x in range(7))
__all__ = ["relativedelta", "MO", "TU", "WE", "TH", "FR", "SA", "SU"]
[docs]class relativedelta(object): """ The relativedelta type is designed to be applied to an existing datetime and can replace specific components of that datetime, or represents an interval of time. It is based on the specification of the excellent work done by M.-A. Lemburg in his 'mx.DateTime <_URL_ extension. However, notice that this type does *NOT* implement the same algorithm as his work. Do *NOT* expect it to behave like mx.DateTime's counterpart. There are two different ways to build a relativedelta instance. The first one is passing it two date/datetime classes:: relativedelta(datetime1, datetime2) The second one is passing it any number of the following keyword arguments:: relativedelta(arg1=x,arg2=y,arg3=z...) year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond: Absolute information (argument is singular); adding or subtracting a relativedelta with absolute information does not perform an arithmetic operation, but rather REPLACES the corresponding value in the original datetime with the value(s) in relativedelta. years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds, microseconds: Relative information, may be negative (argument is plural); adding or subtracting a relativedelta with relative information performs the corresponding arithmetic operation on the original datetime value with the information in the relativedelta. weekday: One of the weekday instances (MO, TU, etc) available in the relativedelta module. These instances may receive a parameter N, specifying the Nth weekday, which could be positive or negative (like MO(+1) or MO(-2)). Not specifying it is the same as specifying +1. You can also use an integer, where 0=MO. This argument is always relative e.g. if the calculated date is already Monday, using MO(1) or MO(-1) won't change the day. To effectively make it absolute, use it in combination with the day argument (e.g. day=1, MO(1) for first Monday of the month). leapdays: Will add given days to the date found, if year is a leap year, and the date found is post 28 of february. yearday, nlyearday: Set the yearday or the non-leap year day (jump leap days). These are converted to day/month/leapdays information. There are relative and absolute forms of the keyword arguments. The plural is relative, and the singular is absolute. For each argument in the order below, the absolute form is applied first (by setting each attribute to that value) and then the relative form (by adding the value to the attribute). The order of attributes considered when this relativedelta is added to a datetime is: 1. Year 2. Month 3. Day 4. Hours 5. Minutes 6. Seconds 7. Microseconds Finally, weekday is applied, using the rule described above. For example >>> from datetime import datetime >>> from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta, MO >>> dt = datetime(2018, 4, 9, 13, 37, 0) >>> delta = relativedelta(hours=25, day=1, weekday=MO(1)) >>> dt + delta datetime.datetime(2018, 4, 2, 14, 37) First, the day is set to 1 (the first of the month), then 25 hours are added, to get to the 2nd day and 14th hour, finally the weekday is applied, but since the 2nd is already a Monday there is no effect. """ def __init__(self, dt1=None, dt2=None, years=0, months=0, days=0, leapdays=0, weeks=0, hours=0, minutes=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0, year=None, month=None, day=None, weekday=None, yearday=None, nlyearday=None, hour=None, minute=None, second=None, microsecond=None): if dt1 and dt2: # datetime is a subclass of date. So both must be date if not (isinstance(dt1, datetime.date) and isinstance(dt2, datetime.date)): raise TypeError("relativedelta only diffs datetime/date") # We allow two dates, or two datetimes, so we coerce them to be # of the same type if (isinstance(dt1, datetime.datetime) != isinstance(dt2, datetime.datetime)): if not isinstance(dt1, datetime.datetime): dt1 = datetime.datetime.fromordinal(dt1.toordinal()) elif not isinstance(dt2, datetime.datetime): dt2 = datetime.datetime.fromordinal(dt2.toordinal()) self.years = 0 self.months = 0 self.days = 0 self.leapdays = 0 self.hours = 0 self.minutes = 0 self.seconds = 0 self.microseconds = 0 self.year = None self.month = None self.day = None self.weekday = None self.hour = None self.minute = None self.second = None self.microsecond = None self._has_time = 0 # Get year / month delta between the two months = (dt1.year - dt2.year) * 12 + (dt1.month - dt2.month) self._set_months(months) # Remove the year/month delta so the timedelta is just well-defined # time units (seconds, days and microseconds) dtm = self.__radd__(dt2) # If we've overshot our target, make an adjustment if dt1 < dt2: compare = operator.gt increment = 1 else: compare = operator.lt increment = -1 while compare(dt1, dtm): months += increment self._set_months(months) dtm = self.__radd__(dt2) # Get the timedelta between the "months-adjusted" date and dt1 delta = dt1 - dtm self.seconds = delta.seconds + delta.days * 86400 self.microseconds = delta.microseconds else: # Check for non-integer values in integer-only quantities if any(x is not None and x != int(x) for x in (years, months)): raise ValueError("Non-integer years and months are " "ambiguous and not currently supported.") # Relative information self.years = int(years) self.months = int(months) self.days = days + weeks * 7 self.leapdays = leapdays self.hours = hours self.minutes = minutes self.seconds = seconds self.microseconds = microseconds # Absolute information self.year = year self.month = month self.day = day self.hour = hour self.minute = minute self.second = second self.microsecond = microsecond if any(x is not None and int(x) != x for x in (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond)): # For now we'll deprecate floats - later it'll be an error. warn("Non-integer value passed as absolute information. " + "This is not a well-defined condition and will raise " + "errors in future versions.", DeprecationWarning) if isinstance(weekday, integer_types): self.weekday = weekdays[weekday] else: self.weekday = weekday yday = 0 if nlyearday: yday = nlyearday elif yearday: yday = yearday if yearday > 59: self.leapdays = -1 if yday: ydayidx = [31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 366] for idx, ydays in enumerate(ydayidx): if yday <= ydays:


text:
Universality of Science
The universality of science in its broadest sense is about developing a truly global scientific community on the basis of equity and non-discrimination. It is also about ensuring that science is trusted and valued by societies across the world. As such, it incorporates issues related to the conduct of science; capacity building; science education and literacy; access to data and information and the relationship between science and society. There are a number of ICSU activities and Bodies addressing these issues. Underpinning this broader concept of universality is the Principle of the Universality of Science (ICSU Statute 5) which is more narrowly focused on the freedoms and responsibilities of science. Adherence to this Principle is a condition of ICSU membership. The policy Committee on Freedom and Responsibility in the conduct of Science (CFRS) serves as the guardian of the Principle and undertakes a variety of actions to defend scientific freedoms and promote integrity and responsibility.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Within a few short years many Europeans could have their own virtual representative. Living in a parallel world these humanoid 'avatars' could resemble the person they represent. Researchers are now looking at ways of capturing and processing sufficient personal data to create such virtual characters.
POPULATE, an i3 project, addresses the question of how Inhabited Information Spaces (IIS) can be populated with representations of real people. To this end research will concentrate on the fundamental step of how to capture a person's physical identity or'reality' in the form of data. Further work includes looking at ways to convert such data into avatars, and the quality levels required in the process.
Kiosks rather like the familiar passport photo booth will most probably be used to enhance the reality of virtual representatives. Costing between 10 and 30 ECU each, avatars could be created by scanning and digitising the form of a human subject to form a three-dimensional polygon mesh. This will be automatically converted into a humanoid avatar model. Key technologies in the project include 3-D data capture and processing.
The kiosks will be networked to i3net, enabling users to download their avatars from home. At the end of the project, two European companies expect to build AvatarKiosks for a market that could number millions of people around the world.
At the conference a computer animation simulates the capture of avatars from a booth. It will also show the processing and application of these virtual representatives within Inhabited Information Spaces.
This document is located at /esprit/src/exhib28.htm
It was last updated on 22 October 1997, and is maintained by the EITC 97 Secretariat - _EMAIL_


text:
Aneurysms of one of the aortic sinuses of Valsalva are rare congenital or acquired lesions. Here we present the case of an adolescent with Down syndrome with ruptured aneurysm of the right coronary sinus into the right atrium. All sinuses of Valsalva were normal during cardiological screening owing to Down syndrome at the age of 2 weeks. Paediatricians should have a low threshold for referring patients with Down syndrome for cardiac re-evaluation because of the new onset of cardiac symptoms or cardiac physical findings, even in the situation in which there are normal echocardiographic findings in the past.
- Down syndrome
- sinus of Valsalva

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Climate change hits different in communities of color. SZA wants to change that.
Nine-time Grammy-nominated singer SZA (Solána Imani Rowe), is focusing her talents on making a new kind of record these days. She's joined up with the TAZO tea company and American Forests to launch a new Tree Corps that will bring "tree equity" to BIPOC communities.
The St. Louis native will help raise awareness about the importance of climate action and the way vulnerable communities are most impacted.
"The more I traveled, going on tour and seeing places that I never saw before, I really understood the effects [of climate change]," she told Harper's Bazaar. "And then, not to mention, just watching the weather change."
BIPOC communities are already feeling the brunt of climate change; some of these neighborhoods, redlined for decades, can be as much as 20 degrees warmer than white neighborhoods during peak summer months. They lack green spaces that absorb the heat and provide cooling shade.
"Air pollution and extreme heat are killing inner-city residents at a higher rate than almost all other causes," according to Scientific American. "And as average temperatures continue to rise—contributing to what scientists call the 'urban heat island effect'—death and illness from the effects of climate change are expected to rise further."
SZA says the biggest takeaway from all of this is that "quality of life and racism are so directly connected."
Racism and Climate Change
"I think, even as a Black woman, my own peers remind me often about, 'Who cares about the environment? What about us as people?' But I'm excited to let my own peers know, and everybody else know, and remind them this is directly connected. And your mental health, the things that your mind associates with your environment, on top of all the toxins that you can't see that you're absorbing, that trees could really help with. That's probably the biggest takeaway, is how definitely connected and powerful environmental racism is."
The TAZO Tree Corp will be led by the Davey Tree Expert Company and employ 25 local fellows. They will be trained in climate justice advocacy, tree planting, and care. The two-year project will see trees planted in Minneapolis, Detroit, the San Francisco Bay Area, the Bronx, and Richmond, Virginia. These areas were selected based on their lack of green spaces in low-income communities. The goal is to achieve Tree Equity on par with affluent neighborhoods.
For SZA, environmental racism is directly connected to classic racism. something she says is probably one of the worst aspects of inequality.
"First, of course, there's the guilt of not living in one of those areas that are a product of zoning," she says. "[J]ust realizing that it's not a third-world country but for some reason, we're okay with having people breathe in toxic air or waking up and seeing smog every day in Los Angeles or having children's quality of life, and learning, be hindered because they don't have clean water. Or having kids feel frightened by being outside because they're unfamiliar with trees and nature and everything like that. And I can't tell you how many children I've met in the urban community, from all different colors of Black and Brown, that really just are not comfortable being in nature."
A Sustainable Future
This is not SZA's first foray into sustainability.
Like a growing list of celebrities including Jason Momoa and Robert Downey Jr., it has become a growing priority. In 2019, SZA supported ocean conservation with Ctrl Fishing Co. She's teamed up with Slow Factory on its climate equity work and has publicly supported organizations including Lonely Whale, SeaLegacy, Community Fridge, and One Tree Planted.
For SZA, bringing trees to underserved communities is a natural extension of her own sustainability journey.
"[T]he more I get connected with magic and the universe and spirituality, I just automatically feel directly connected to the constant shifting of our planet," she says.
"And I know that it's shifting regardless, no matter what we want to do. But I feel like there's so much that can be done on our end, in terms of slowing it down, increasing quality of life while everything is falling apart, because that's literally our birthright."


text:
The difference is so small that people don't give too much care about which should be used. Also the use of each word is defined by been formal or informal (in some places)
- Acordar -> Agreement between two or more parts.
- Acordar -> Used instead of recordar / "no me puedo acordar donde puse
There is also a new variant to these two used in some places
- Re-acordar -> Start to remember something again.
If used on the sense of "remembering" like in ¿oye, te acuerdas de esa película?, The question implies that both persons where together watching the movie, while ¿oye, recuerdas esa película? the person could had seen the movie at a different time (not with the person that ask the question). Although This is not a rule, and may not be correct in all countries.
Without been an expert I will say that personally, I will use one instead on the other depending on the case (formal or informal).
To answer your question correctly I will say that the use depends quite a lot on the region/country and unfortunately there in no rule that can be successfully applied to all countries (since the use of the word or meaning given in some countries may differ from the sense or meaning of the word given by others in other countries).


text:
Secondary Three 3 Day-2 Night Adventure and Leadership Camp
Our Secondary Three students went on a 3 Day-2 Night Adventure and Leadership Camp at the Sarimbun Campsite from 6 to 8 March 2017.
The objectives of the camp were to build esprit de corps amongst the students, to equip and train students with leadership qualities (7 habits of highly effective people) and to reinforce the school's values through experiential learning. Students were divided into tribal factions to conquer three major stations consisting of high and low elements such as high rope obstacles, zipline, orienteering and outdoor cooking.
Through these activities, students learnt the values and importance of working together as a tribe (team), the importance of effective communication and the value of empathy to support their teammates. They collaborated and leveraged each other's talents and strengths to overcome challenges and achieve the set goals. The camp provided a great opportunity for students to hone their leadership skills as well as gain a better understanding of their own strengthens and weaknesses.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
US researchers have reported that the saline content of the ocean surface provides a far more reliable indicator of whether or not heavy summer rains will fall in the US Midwest compared to sea surface temperatures.
Seasonal weather in the Midwest is atmospherically connected to the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, with wind patterns delivering heat and moisture to the region at different times in the year. The report states that scientists have long relied on sea-surface temperatures to predict how those wind patterns will behave and what the weather will be thousands of kilometers away from the ocean.
Sea surface temperature however is highly variable, especially as oceans warm, so rainfall predictions based on temperature can be hit-or-miss. Adding data about surface salinity improves predictions for overall seasonal rainfall by telling meteorologists how much water has been supplied to the atmosphere.
When water evaporates from the ocean, it leaves its salt behind, so the surface ocean gets a little bit saltier. That evaporation is driven by large-scale atmospheric patterns that are connected to weather over the continental USA, so saltiness works as an indicator for the amount of moisture carried by the atmosphere and patterns in where it will rain out.
"For these seasonal weather patterns, we look at the oceans because they store far more heat and water than the atmosphere," and therefore drive large-scale atmospheric patterns, explained Raymond Schmitt, oceanographer at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute and study co-author.
Remote sensing and floating sensors provide frequently updated salinity data for vast swaths of the oceans, allowing Schmitt and colleagues to draw connections between salinity and weather patterns.
Laifang Li, a climate scientist at Pennsylvania State University and lead author, said, "It turns out for extreme precipitation years, patterns of sea surface temperature are just really diverse, with different patterns every year. Salinity is more reliable."
The new study builds on previous work on salinity-based predictions Schmitt has conducted with Li. Schmitt is already working with agricultural suppliers to use the salinity-based predictions, which he says they have found helpful for advising farmers and an improvement on other predictors.
Sensing summer rains
The study specifically improves predictions of timing and magnitude for summer extreme rainfall events in the Midwest, which are more difficult to accurately predict than overall rainfall for a season. Li used Midwest rainfall data from 1948 to 2019 and compared it to sea surface temperature and salinity records in different parts of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans across the same time period.
The team found that by incorporating springtime sea surface salinity in the tropical Pacific and subtropical North Atlantic into predictive models, their predictions for summertime extreme rain events were 92% more accurate than sea surface temperature-based predictions alone for the Midwest. In practical terms, their models using salinity captured twice as much variability in the amount of extreme rains as models using sea surface temperature.
To view the study Skillful Long-lead Prediction of Summertime Heavy Rainfall in the US Midwest from Sea Surface Salinity published in AGU's Geophysical Research Letters, click here.


If the teacher is already registered, follow these steps:
 1. After signing into your admin account, click the "Teachers" button in your District Admin account. If you're a School Admin, click the "School Admin" link in the left sidebar to find this button.
 2. Click the gear icon next to the teacher's name,
 3. Check the box next to "Register as school admin."
 4. Click the "Save" button.
If the teacher has not been registered yet, follow the steps here first.


penn surgery
Urology Research Laboratory
Harrison Department of Surgical Research
Dr. Samuel K. Chacko
George M. O'Brien Program
Project 4:
Extracellular Matrix Changes in Response to Obstruction
(PI, Edward J. Macarak, Ph.D.).
Very little is known about the cell-to-matrix cross-talk in smooth muscle. Obstruction causes changes in the ability of muscle cells to transfer force generated by actin-myosin interactions across the cell membrane to other cells and the extracellular matrix. The structures responsible for this force transfer across the Sarcolemma constitute the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). Understanding the structures that comprise the DGC and their function will provide diagnostic information about detrusor damage and permit targeted therapeutic intervention to halt or reverse such changes. The goal of this proposal is to characterize the structure and chemistry of the DGC in the detrusor smooth muscle and how it changes following obstruction and reversal, and how this might affect the transfer of force from contractile filaments in the smooth muscle cells to the matrix and the adjacent cell required for muscle shortening during bladder emptying.
Specific aims of this project are:
 1. To determine the composition of the DGC complex in BSM during obstruction and recovery from obstruction.
 2. To determine, in bladder smooth muscle cells, the pathway by which the sarcoglycans transit from the ER to the Sarcolemma and to determine the mechanism by which obstruction alters this pathway and to visualize, at the ultrastructural level using Cryo-electron microscopy, the DGC from controls and from obstructed rabbits and/or mice and/or cultured BSM cells transfected with mutated sarcoglycans.
penn medicine


text: Rainwater harvesting has been recognized as an alternative water supply method with many environmental benefits. This method can also produce drinking water for people who cannot access safe water resources. In this study, we evaluate the newly developed rainwater for drinking (RFD) system built at Ly Nhan Hospital in Vietnam. Most evaluation methods are not suitable for the RFD system because they focus on given conditions and overlook the potential of the system via operation and management practices. The hydrological performance was evaluated based on the system supplying drinking water sustainably, with zero no water days and a rainwater utilization ratio of 22%. Methods for improving performance indicators under adverse conditions were determined using sensitivity analysis and include increasing catchment area and tank volume and maximizing water use by utilizing rainwater overflow. Among them, an additional tank should be prioritized considering the cost, or it can be replaced by a plastic bag. The RFD system can be designed based on system monitoring data despite a lack of daily rainfall data and unexpected changes in the conditions. Appropriate regional RFD guidelines can be established with the continued evaluation of the RFD system worldwide.


text:
Camps at Engineering For Kids of Greater Nashville Area
The Fun, Educational Camp Your Child Is Bound to Enjoy!
At Engineering For Kids, our camps are carefully structured to provide your child with the enrichment he or she needs to grow and thrive. Our camps run in the spring, winter, and summer for your convenience. Our programs come in many varieties to accommodate your schedule, such as half-day camps, full-day camps, and holiday break camps. We also host camps on scheduled days off for reasons such as professional work days, teacher conference days, etc.
Just a few of these beneficial opportunities include:
- Teamwork: Most of our camps schedule fun and engaging teamwork activities that teach children the value of investing in others.
- Resilience and motivation: Our challenging programs help to teach kids how to keep trying. This also helps them feel accomplished when they succeed, which develops their will to learn.
- Decision-making: Our uniquely structured activities help children establish and build upon great decision-making skills, which can help build confidence.
In addition, the wide range of activities and classes that we offer encourage children to try new things, which is a beneficial skill that can be applied in several instances throughout adulthood.
Thank you so much for helping make our STEM night such a great success! The Engineering for Kids stations were a huge hit and the students were really engaged and interested in all of the hands-on learning that you guys brought! We can't thank you enough for making our event so great! - Melanie
Summer Camps | 2020
Harding Academy, Nashville TN
Contact Harding Academy for pricing.
June 1 - June 5
- 8:30-11:30 AM (GR. 2nd - 7th) - MinecraftEdu: Traveling Into the future
- 12:00-3:00 PM (GR. 2nd - 7th) – Engineering Olympiad STEM Camp
June 15 – June 19
- 8:30-11:30 AM (GR. 2nd - 7th) – Minecraft - Redstone
- 12:00-3:00 PM (GR. 2nd - 7th) – 3D Printing-Minecraft Creations
June 22 – June 26
- 8:30-11:30 AM (GR. k -2nd) Jr. Coding 101 STEM Camp
- 12:00-3:00 PM (GR. k – 2nd) – Jr. Engineers Under Construction STEM Camp
July 20 – July 24
- 8:30-11:30 AM (GR. 2nd – 7th) Game Design-Invader DefenseAlien Invasion
- 12:00-3:00 PM (GR. 2nd -7th) –Wreck – it – Week STEM Camp
Lipscomb Academy - Nashville
$175 per Camp, Morning or Afternoon, Full Day $350
June 1 - June 5
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) - 3D Printing-Minecraft Creations
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) – Robotics 101
June 8 – June 12
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) – Jr. Robotics Lab
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) – Jr. Engineers under Construction
June 15 – June 19
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) -Electronic Game DesignRacing Games
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) – Wreck – itWeek STEM Camp
June 22 – June 26
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) -Jr. Robotics (Simple Machines)
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) – Jr. Inventors Workshop STEM Camp(Toys)
July 13 – July 17
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) – Out of this World Space STEM Camp
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) – Robotics, Mission to Mars
July 20 – July 24
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) – Jr. coding 101 STEM Camp
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) – Jr. STEM Adventure Camp
Out of this World Camp
During Out of this World camp, students will explore three fields of engineering: aerospace, civil, and chemical. Collaborating with their Space State teams, they will design and construct a variety of projects that will enable mankind to safely inhabit the moon.
Heroes Week STEM Camp
During Heroes Week, students will explore the fields of environmental engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering as they design and construct tools that will help them protect the world, as all good superheroes do.
Engineers Under Construction Camp
Put on your hard hats engineers and join us for our Engineers Under Construction! In this camp, students work hard to apply their knowledge of construction to save the beach from erosion and build their very own city from the ground up. From roads and tunnels to buildings and skyscrapers, students discover that no job's too tough for an Engineering for Kids engineer!
Jr. Coding 101 STEM Camp
During this camp, our Youngest Engineers will be introduced to the basic concept of coding. This class is a mixture of fun and learning using a robot and computer to create, design and code their way through an array of mazes and endless engineering learning experiences. Students will also color code commands with special markers, program their bots and see it in action. Join us, in this fun and learning adventure of coding.
How Amusing STEM Camp
Ah, the thrill of an amusement park…zipping around on racecars, zooming through the loops of a rollercoaster, trying your luck at a floating boat game, Marble Run, Ferris Wheels, and more. During this camp, students will divide into theme park teams. They will challenge other teams in specific engineering-related contests with the goal of creating the most fantastic and thrilling theme park experience. At the end of the week, only one team will emerge as the winner and will be granted the prestigious honor of creating the world's next great amusement park for children ages 0-99 to enjoy for summers to come!
Jr. STEM Camp – Wings Wheels and Sails
Everyone has to travel, and engineers are involved in all the steps of designing different modes of transportation as well as inventing and designing tools that aid in travel. During this camp students will explore areas of engineering such as mechanical, civil, marine, and aerospace engineering. They will explore the thought process behind road design, construct shapes that make sound bridges and test them, design a boat to float across the ocean, and discover and build designs that let us travel through the air and even into space.
Electronic Game Design: Racing Games
A racing video game is a video game genre in which the player controls a vehicle in a racing competition. In this lesson, the player controls the vehicle from a third-person point of view. The game may take place in any setting the creator chooses. From the famous NASCAR Daytona 500 to an imaginary space race, anything is possible.You see it all the time: children race their bikes around the cul-de-sac, so many students will already know the rules of the track. Students will design their own racetrack, race cars, and an environment to race them in. At the end of the program, everyone takes home a working game.
3D Printing Super Heroes
3D printers are one of the most widely applicable and fun inventions on the tech scene today! In 3D Printing: Superheroes To The Rescue, we will explore the basic concepts of 3D printing and computer-aided design, or CAD, to design and create our very own 3D printed superhero! Students will take their hand drawn design and learn how to extrude it into a 3D model that can then be modified to be printed in 3D.
Electronic Game Design: Racing Games - Motocross
Ladies and gentlemen start your engines! On your mark, get set, GO! Kids are drawn to the excitement of a race. They hoot and holler in anticipation that the car they chose will cross the finish line first. We will use the Engineering Design Process to create a storyboard that will outline the rules of play and characters for our game based on the basic rules of racing. Then, we will use Clickteam Fusion 2.5® to bring our storyboard to life with programming. At the end of the program, everyone takes home a working Windows-compatible game.
Electronic Game Design: Invader Defense - Bug Invasion!
Eek! The bugs are after our birthday cake!! In Electronic Game Design: Bug Invasion, we will create our own version of an invader defense game that is set in a home where we have to defend our birthday cake from an infestation of ravenous bugs! We will use the Engineering Design Process to create a storyboard to outline the rules of play and characters for our game. Then, we will use Clickteam Fusion


Textual annotations.
geom_text adds text directly to the plot. geom_label draws a rectangle underneath the text, making it easier to read.
geom_label(mapping = NULL, data = NULL, stat = "identity", position = "identity",..., parse = FALSE, nudge_x = 0, nudge_y = 0, label.padding = unit(0.25, "lines"), label.r = unit(0.15, "lines"), label.size = 0.25, na.rm = FALSE, show.legend = NA, inherit.aes = TRUE)
geom_text(mapping = NULL, data = NULL, stat = "identity", position = "identity",..., parse = FALSE, nudge_x = 0, nudge_y = 0, check_overlap = FALSE, na.rm = FALSE, show.legend = NA, inherit.aes = TRUE)
If TRUE, the labels will be parsed into expressions and displayed as described in?plotmath
nudge_x, nudge_y
Horizontal and vertical adjustment to nudge labels by. Useful for offsetting text from points, particularly on discrete scales.
Amount of padding around label. Defaults to 0.25 lines.
Radius of rounded corners. Defaults to 0.15 lines.
Size of label border, in mm.
If TRUE, text that overlaps previous text in the same layer will not be plotted. A quick and dirty way
Note the the "width" and "height" of a text element are 0, so stacking and dodging text will not work by default, and axis limits are not automatically expanded to include all text. Obviously, labels do have height and width, but they are physical units, not data units. The amount of space they occupy on that plot is not constant in data units: when you resize a plot, labels stay the same size, but the size of the axes changes.
geom_text understands the following aesthetics (required aesthetics are in bold):
 - label
 - x
 - y
 - alpha
 - angle
 - colour
 - family
 - fontface
 - hjust
 - lineheight
 - size
 - vjust
Currently geom_label does not support the rot parameter and is considerably slower than geom_text. The fill aesthetic controls the background colour of the label.
You can modify text alignment with the vjust and hjust aesthetics. These can either be a number between 0 (right/bottom) and 1 (top/left) or a character ("left", "middle", "right", "bottom", "center", "top"). There are two special alignments: "inward" and "outward". Inward always aligns text towards the center, and outward aligns it away from the center
 - geom_label
 - geom_text
p <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg, label = rownames(mtcars)))
p + geom_text()
# Avoid overlaps
p + geom_text(check_overlap = TRUE)
# Labels with background
p + geom_label()
# Change size of the label
p + geom_text(size = 10)
# Set aesthetics to fixed value
p + geom_point() + geom_text(hjust = 0, nudge_x = 0.05)
p + geom_point() + geom_text(vjust = 0, nudge_y = 0.5)
p + geom_point() + geom_text(angle = 45)
## Not run:
# # Doesn't work on all systems
# p + geom_text(family = "Times New Roman")
# ## End(Not run)
# Add aesthetic mappings
p + geom_text(aes(colour = factor(cyl)))
p + geom_text(aes(colour = factor(cyl))) +
 scale_colour_discrete(l = 40)
p + geom_label(aes(fill = factor(cyl)), colour = "white", fontface = "bold")
p + geom_text(aes(size = wt))
# Scale height of text, rather than sqrt(height)
p + geom_text(aes(size = wt)) + scale_radius(range = c(3,6))
# You can display expressions by setting parse = TRUE. The
# details of the display are described in?plotmath, but note that
# geom_text uses strings, not expressions.
p + geom_text(aes(label = paste(wt, "^(", cyl, ")", sep = "")),
 parse = TRUE)
# Add a text annotation
p +
 geom_text() +
 annotate("text", label = "plot mpg vs. wt", x = 2, y = 15, size = 8, colour = "red")
df <- data.frame(
 x = factor(c(1, 1, 2, 2)),
 y = c(1, 3, 2, 1),
 grp = c("a", "b", "a", "b")
# ggplot2 doesn't know you want to give the labels the same virtual width
# as the bars:
ggplot(data = df, aes(x, y, fill = grp, label = y)) +
 geom_text(position = "dodge")
# So tell it:
 geom_text(position = position_dodge(0.9))
# Use you can't nudge and dodge text, so instead adjust the y postion
 geom_text(aes(y = y + 0.05), position = position_dodge(0.9), vjust = 0)
# To place text in the middle of each bar in a stacked barplot, you
# need to do the computation yourself
df <- transform(df, mid_y = ave(df$y, df$x, FUN = function(val) cumsum(val) - (0.5 * val)))
 geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
 geom_text(aes(y = mid_y))
df <- data.frame(
 x = c(1, 1, 2, 2, 1.5),
 y = c(1, 2, 1, 2, 1.5),
 text = c("bottom-left", "bottom-right", "top-left", "top-right", "center")
ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) +
 geom_text(aes(label = text))
ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) +
 geom_text(aes(label = text), vjust = "inward", hjust = "inward")
Documentation reproduced from package ggplot2, version 2.1.0, License: GPL-2
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text:
There are many dimensions to systemic change. The following aspects of systemic change are considered important in the Vincentian Family
- Involving the poor themselves, including women and young people, at all stages: the identification of needs, planning, implementation, evaluation and revision;
- Having a holistic vision — addressing a series of basic human needs: individual and social, spiritual and physical, especially jobs, health care, housing, education, and spiritual growth — with an integral approach toward prevention and sustainable development;
- Placing particular emphasis on self-help and self-sustaining programs, with a special view toward addressing the root causes of poverty.
Articles at the Vincentian Encyclopedia about Systemic Change
- Systemic Change, an Introduction by Robert P. Maloney, CM - provides background to the general concept of systems analysis, looks at how systemic change fits within the context of Vincentian values, clarifies terminology, and offers criteria.
- Systemic Change: Seeds of Change - strategies for systemic change presented in twenty articles by members of the Vincentian Family's Commission for Promoting Systemic Change
- Systemic Change and the Vincentian Family - the report of May 31, 2007 from a meeting of Vincentian Family Leaders, where they called for a focus on systemic change.
- Systemic Change - Vincentian Study Guides - prepared by leaders of the Vincentian Family; situates the idea of systemic change in Vincentian tradition; political engagement; more
- Systemic Change Award - recognizes and supports systemic change projects within the Congregation of the Mission.
The concept is embodied in various movements and concepts.
- Community Development Corporations - Google search
- Community Investment - Google search
- Corporate Responsibility - Google search
- Micro-finance - Google search
- Social Change - Google search
- Social Empowerment - Google search
- Social Enterprise - Google. search
- Social Investment - Google search
- Social Entrepreneur - Google search
- Socially Responsible Investing - Google search
- Visionary Leaders - Google Search
- Systemic change - Google search
- See also Changemakers Google search
Examples of Systemic Change
The Systemic Change Award established by the Congregation of the Mission in October, 2005 provides examples in the awards made in 2006 and following years.
We welcome posting of examples of other systemic change efforts by the followers of Vincent and Louise.
- D.R.E.A.M.: a program for combating AIDS in Africa, which is jointly sponsored by the Daughters of Charity and the Community of Saint'Egidio. Drug Resources Enhancement against Aids and Malnutrition
- Pedro Opeka, CM - The transformation of slums in Madagascar
- Norberto Carcellar CM - Improving conditions of the people who live in the Payatas garbage dump outside Manila
- Daughters of Charity - Helping Ethiopian Women Sew Their Way Out of Poverty
Non-Vincentian stories of systemic change
- See section below on "Media Resources"
- Sharing Stories of Social Change PBS site
Not every aid project exemplifies systemic change. (see "Concept" section above for ways it is being understood in the Vincentian Family.)
OneWorld "Indian Social Entrepreneur of the Year 2007" offers some criteria for examples of systemic change that could be adapted for the projects in the Vincentian Family.
- 1. Innovation
- You have brought about social change by transforming traditional practice. Such transformation has been achieved through
- • An innovative product or service
- • The development of a different approach, or
- • A more determined or rigorous application of known technologies, ideas and approaches.
- A salient characteristic of a social entrepreneur is developing a pattern-changing idea and implementing it successfully.
- 2. Sustainability
- Your innovation has generated the social conditions and/or institutions needed to sustain the initiative and you are dedicating all of your time to it.
- • If set up as a non-profit entity, your organization is achieving some degree of financial self-sustainability through fees or revenues or is engaged in creating mutually beneficial partnerships with business and/or the public sector. Where possible, economic incentives are embraced. In any case, there is a clear difference from traditional charity and a move towards community-based empowerment and sustainability. There is also a difference with traditional business.
- • If set up as a for-profit entity, the orientation toward social and environmental value creation predominates, with financial return treated as a secondary means to an end, rather than an end in itself.
- 3. Direct social impact
- You have founded, developed and implemented the entrepreneurial initiative directly, together with poor or marginalized beneficiaries and stakeholders. The Impact of your work manifests itself in quantifiable results and testimonials and is well documented. There are no significant negative externalities.
- 4. Reach and Scope
- The initiative has spread beyond its initial context and has been adapted successfully to other settings in the country or internationally, either by your organization, or through others who have replicated or adapted elements of it.
- 5. Replicability
- The initiative can be adapted to other regions of the world to solve similar problems. As an entrepreneur you are open to sharing with others the tools, approaches and techniques that are critical to the adaptation of the initiative.
Full length films
- Pay It Forward The film
- The film is about one boy's homework, and how that assignment changes the world.
- The assignment in question is extra credit, an assignment that Social Studies teacher Eugene Simonet (Kevin Spacey) gives every year.Think Of An Idea To Change Our World–And Put It Into Action. When Mr. Simonet asks for their responses, they tell him the assignment's 'weird' and 'hard.' Mr. Simonet suggests another word: Possible. It is from this simple but potentially complex assignment that many different lives are affected.
- A simple yet profound example of involving people in solutions.
- Susan Retik and Patti Quigley were two ordinary soccer moms. Over the course of two years, as they cope with loss and struggle to raise their families as single mothers, these extraordinary women dedicate themselves to empowering Afghan widows whose lives have been ravaged by decades of war, poverty and oppression - factors they consider to be the root causes of terrorism.
Using YouTube for International Development Examples of how other groups are using this wildly popular site to get their message out.
- Overview of Ashoka 11 minutes, 27 seconds
- Ashoka Video Series Introduction to 16-program DVD series, some of the world's greatest social entrepreneurs share their inspiring stories and strategies – in their own words.
- Clinton at Global Philanthropy Program 2 minutes, 7 seconds
- Youth Inspired to Solve Social Problems 5 minutes 42 seconds
- Empowering Women In Rural India 9 minutes 7 seconds
This is but a sample of the many videos in this series.
Grameen Foundation 16 minutes
- Empowering People; Changing Lives; Innovating for the World's Poor
- Recycling in the Bronx
- Columbia, MissisippiIn this virtual walking tour, Columbia activist and evangelist Charlotte Keys, founder of Jesus People Against Pollution, describes life near the plant and her fight to win justice for her community.
KIVA Kiva - Loans that Change Lives
- Kiva lets you connect with and loan money to unique small businesses in the developing world. By choosing a business on Kiva.org, you can "sponsor a business" and help the world's working poor make great strides towards economic independence. Throughout the course of the loan (usually 6-12 months), you can receive email journal updates from the business you've sponsored. As loans are repaid, you get your loan money back.
- NY Times Video - Nicholas Kristof of The New York Times visits his loan recipient: a baker in Kabul.
- Burrito Project - Burrito Project website
- Skate4Cancer - Skate4Cancer website
- Invisible Children - Invisible Children Website
This is but a sample of award winning sites in various categories of social impact
- The New Heroes tells the dramatic stories of 14 daring people from all corners of the globe who, against all odds, are successfully alleviating poverty and illness, combating unemployment and violence, and bringing education, light, opportunity and freedom to poor and marginalized people around the world.
- Schwab Foundation Introduction 10 minutes, 20 seconds
- Rural Development Institute 10 minutes, 40 seconds
- Dentistry Helping Poor Get Jobs 6 minutes, 37 seconds
- Operation Kickstart Developing Entrepreneurs in Africa 7 minutes 12 seconds
- Health Care for the Poor 5 minutes, 5 seconds
- Recycling 7 minutes,5 seconds
- Argentinian Social Entrepreneur 2007 8 minutes 18 seconds
- Drug Rehabilitation 5 minutes, 31 seconds
- Micro-finance 11 minutes, 05 seconds
- Providing Children With Books 7 minutes, 19 seconds
- Day Care 6 minutes, 55 seconds
- Medical in the Amazon 9 minutes 5 seconds
- Motorcycles deliver health care 5 minutes, 20 seconds
Games for Systemic Change
Changemakers.net for more information on using games for social change and the source of the list below.
- Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century - By Henry Jenkins, Director of the Comparative Media Studies Program at MIT, et al
- Serious Games Initiative
- Games for Change
- Games for Health
- GAME MASTER: A profile of Will Wright - By JOHN SEABROOK, The New Yorker: November 6, 2006
- Dream Machines by Will Wright
- The Long Zoom by Stephen Johnson
- Climate Challenge: the BBC-funded online game
-


text:
Fate and Transport of an Acid Waste in Soil and Groundwaterby Houshang Esmaili, Brown & Caldwell, United States,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: Environmental Engineering
Abstract: A fate and transport study at a closed acid waste pond located on the shore of San Francisco Bay indicated the potential of native soil and groundwater for retarding the movement of contaminants from the closed pond. The waste contained in the pond had a pH of 2, a zinc concentration of more than 2,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and a lead level of 220 mg/L. The impoundment is underlain by a thick sequence of fine-grained alluvial and marine deposits with occasional thin layers of more permeable silty sand and clayey sand deposits. Through laboratory testing, the investigator developed zinc adsorption isotherms for three major soil units occurring at the site. Computer simulations were also performed to evaluate the equilibrium pH and zinc concentration levels in various mixtures of wastewater and native groundwater.
Subject Headings: Permeability (soil) | Waste management | Groundwater | Zinc | Clays | Acids | Detention basins | Ponds
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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Claim a deduction for work clothing
Many employees are required to wear a uniform for work. Even where there is no set uniform as such, many employees have clothes that they wear only to work and regard as 'work clothes'.
So, to what extent, if any, are employees able to claim a deduction for work clothes? And, on the other side of the coin, is there a tax liability if the employee is provided with a uniform or protective clothing by their employer?
General rule for deductibility of expenses
As a general rule, a deduction is only available for employment expenses that are wholly, exclusively and necessarily incurred in the performance of the duties of the employment.
This is a hard test to meet, and one which, due to duality of purpose, clothing will fail. Even if an employee wears certain clothes for work, the clothes also provide 'warmth and decency'.
Consequently, while an employee may be required to wear a suit and tie to work and only wears it for work, they have to wear something. Their job dictates the nature of what they wear, but as the clothing also provides warmth and decency the cost is not wholly and exclusively incurred, and as such no deduction will be permitted.
Specific industries: deduction for laundry costs, etc.
Although an employee cannot claim a general deduction for 'work clothing', if they work in certain industries for which a uniform of protective clothing is required, they may be able to get a fixed rate deduction for the repair and maintenance of work equipment, which includes special clothing.
The permissible fixed rate deductions are set out in a table which can be found in HMRC's Employment Income Manual at EIM32712. For example, uniformed prison officers are allowed an annual deduction of £80. It should be noted that the same rates have applied since 2008/09.
Employer-provided clothing
Where the employee is required to wear a particular uniform, often featuring the employer's logo, this may be provided by the employer for the employee to wear.
Where an employer provides a uniform or protective clothing to an employee for them to wear at work, generally, there is no tax liability for the employee, and nothing to report to HMRC. In this context, a 'uniform' is a set of clothing of a specialised nature which is recognisable as a uniform and which is intended to identify its wearer as having a particular occupation, for example, a nurse's uniform or fire service uniform.
By contrast, providing employees with ordinary clothes that are the same but have no identifying feature, such as black trousers and a green shirt, does not satisfy the definition of a uniform, and as such would not be exempt from tax. However, permanently fixing a corporate badge or logo to an otherwise ordinary item of clothing may be sufficient to make it a 'uniform'.
Employer-provided protective clothing is also exempt. This is genuinely protective clothing worn as a physical necessity because of the nature of the job. Examples may include overalls, boots and protective gloves.
Where the employer provides 'ordinary' clothes, this will trigger a taxable benefit, even if they are designed to confer a sense of corporate identity. A tax charge will also arise if uniforms or protective clothing are provided under a salary sacrifice arrangement.


kids encyclopedia robot
Dominic O'Brien facts for kids
Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Quick facts for kids
Dominic O'Brien
Dominic O'Brien.jpg
Dominic O'Brien (right)
Born August 10, 1957 (1957-08-10) (age 63)
Known for Author of memory-related books
Dominic O'Brien (10 August 1957) is a British mnemonist and an author of memory-related books. He is the eight time World Memory Champion and works as a trainer for Peak Performance Training.
He began developing his mnemonic techniques in 1987 when he saw Creighton Carvello memorise a pack of 52 playing cards in less than three minutes on the BBC television programme Record Breakers. To memorise numbers, O'Brien developed the mnemonic Dominic system, which is similar to the Major System. He has written books about memorisation techniques such as How to Develop a Perfect Memory, Quantum Memory Power, Learn to Remember, How to Pass Exams, The Winning Hand, and The Amazing Memory Box.
He gives lectures, and has been seen on television programmes such as The Human Body.
Dominic O'Brien had an entry in the Guinness Book of Records for his 1 May 2002 feat of committing to memory a random sequence of 2808 playing cards (54 packs) after looking at each card only once. He was able to correctly recite their order, making only eight errors, four of which he immediately corrected when told he was wrong.
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Dominic O'Brien Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


text:
The second of the esthetic zone ratios looks at tooth proportion. Upper anterior teeth look their most esthetic when the ratio comparing width to length is between 70-80%. This proportion can be measured on a computer screen in pixels using programs like Keynote or Powerpoint and inserting the image into a slide and adding a line as I have done in the image in this post. It is also easy to figure out this ratio by measuring on a model with digital calipers, or from a printed image using a ruler.
If the tooth has a width to length ratio that is less than 70% or greater than 80% and we are going to treatment plan changing it we have to determine where we make the length adjustments. The fist step is to determine the correct position of the incisal edge in the face using a lips at repose or rest photo. From the proposed incisal edge position we can then determine the proper position of the free gingival margin using this ration.
Some simple math can be very helpful when determining the appropriate length to correct this ratio.
- 70%= width times 1.43
- 75%=width times 1.33
- 80%=width times 1.25


te options: model: JobeetJob type: object method_for_criteria: doSelectActive param: { module: job.
So. you have plenty of free time and enough knowledge to implement this all by yourself! Let's make an exercise of it.Link to the Category Page Now. wait a minute. But. Check back tomorrow for our implementation. the hour is not yet over and we haven't worked that much. let's add a link to the category page on the homepage and create the category page. .
Ready? Let's talk about a possible implementation.yml category: url: /category/:slug class: sfPropelRoute param: { module: category. debugging. And it is mandatory if you removed the default routing rules. and custom configuration. The Category Route First. it is a good practice to first think about the URL and create the associated route.some HTML code -->
 <?php echo link_to($category. And we finished with a little challenge for today. A route can use any column from its related object as a parameter.Part 7 Yesterday you expanded your knowledge of symfony in a lot of different areas: querying with Propel. It can also use any other value if there is a related accessor defined in the object class. Because the slug parameter has no corresponding column in the category table. type: object } Whenever you start implementing a new feature. } The Category Link Now. edit the indexSuccess. we need to add a virtual accessor in JobeetCategory to make the route works: // lib/model/JobeetCategory. $category) ?>
 .php template of the job module to add the link to the category page: <!-. 'category'.php public function getSlug() { return Jobeet::slugify($this->getName()). I hope you worked on the Jobeet category page as today's tutorial will then be much more valuable for you. routing. action: show } options: { model: JobeetCategory. fixtures. Add it at the beginning of the routing file: # apps/frontend/config/routing. we need to add a route to define a pretty URL for the category page.

 <?php endif. } . The link contains the number of jobs not displayed. $category) ?> more. $criteria->add(JobeetJobPeer::CATEGORY_ID.some HTML code -->
 <?php if (($count = $category->countActiveJobs() sfConfig::get('app_max_jobs_on_homepage')) > 0): ?>
 and <?php echo link_to($count. For this template to work. ?>
 We only add the link if there are more than 10 jobs to display for the current category.<!-. $this->getId()).php class JobeetJobPeer extends BaseJobeetJobPeer { static public function getActiveJobs(Criteria $criteria = null) { return self::doSelect(self::addActiveJobsCriteria($criteria)).php public function countActiveJobs() { $criteria = new Criteria(). } static public function addActiveJobsCriteria(Criteria $criteria = null) { if (is_null($criteria)) { $criteria = new Criteria(). 'category'. } static public function countActiveJobs(Criteria $criteria = null) { return self::doCount(self::addActiveJobsCriteria($criteria)). we need to add the countActiveJobs() method to JobeetCategory: // lib/model/JobeetCategory..php file with the following code: // lib/model/JobeetJobPeer. } The countActiveJobs() method uses a countActiveJobs() method that does not exist yet in JobeetJobPeer. return JobeetJobPeer::countActiveJobs($criteria). ?>
 <?php endforeach.. Replace the content of the JobeetJobPeer.
The first time a piece of code is re-used. That's a typical workflow when working on a symfony project. we have tried to put it in the right layer of the application and we have also tried to make the code reusable. you should see 10 (the max_jobs_on_homepage setting): . In the process. } } As you can see for yourself. Criteria::GREATER_THAN). But if you find another use for it. you need to refactor all uses to a shared function or a method. instead of using doSelect() and then count the number of results. we have also refactored some existing code. In the following screenshot we are showing 5 jobs to keep it short. time(). we have used the much faster doCount() method. just for this simple feature. $criteria->addDescendingOrderByColumn(self::CREATED_AT). } static public function doSelectActive(Criteria $criteria) { return self::doSelectOne(self::addActiveJobsCriteria($criteria)). We have changed a lot of files. as we have done here.$criteria->add(self::EXPIRES_AT. copying the code may be sufficient. But each time we have added some code. In the countActiveJobs() method. return $criteria. we have refactored the whole code of JobeetJobPeer to introduce a new shared addActiveJobsCriteria() method to make the code more DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
Job Category Module Creation It's time to create the category module: $ php symfony generate:module frontend category .
$this->setSlug(Jobeet::slugify($name)). Update the Database We need to add a slug column for the category table: # config/schema. and because we cannot deduce the category name from the slug. there is no way to find the category associated with the slug. you have probably used the propel:generate-module. Each time the category name changes.class.php class categoryActions extends sfActions . index: unique } Now that slug is a real column.yml propel: jobeet_category: id: ~ name: { type: varchar(255). the category route will have to find the category associated with the request slug variable. Replace the content of the category actions file with the following code: // apps/frontend/modules/category/actions/actions.php public function setName($name) { parent::setName($name). required: true } slug: { type: varchar(255). Let's override the setName() method: // lib/model/JobeetCategory. and repopulate the database with our fixtures: $ php symfony propel:build-all-load --no-confirmation We have now everything in place to create the executeShow() method. When accessing the category page. But as the slug is not stored in the database. That's fine but as we won't need 90% of the generated code. I have used the generate:module which creates an empty module. but as the main subject of the category page is a category. we need to compute and change the slug as well. you need to remove the getSlug() method from JobeetCategory.If you have created a module. Why not add a category action to the job module? We could. it feels more natural to create a dedicated category module. } Use the propel:build-all-load task to update the database tables. required: true.
A partial is just another template that starts with an underscore (_). sprintf('Jobs in the %s category'. 'job_show_user'. you can also remove the automatically generated indexSuccess. Time to learn a new trick. The last step is to create the showSuccess. A partial is a snippet of template code that can be shared among several templates. $category>getName())) ?>

 Feed

<?php echo $category ?>

 <?php foreach ($category->getActiveJobs() as $i => $job): ?> <tr class="<?php echo fmod($i. When you need to reuse some portion of a template.css') ?> <?php slot('title'.


next up previous contents
Next: The NLANR OC3MON Up: IETF Example Applications: NeTraMet, Previous: The Traffic Flow Analyzer
Nifty plots
Via menu options it is possible to choose different display modes for the flow data. On the ordinate, nifty can display either packets or bytes. Additionally, the metric (rate, count or percent) can be choosen.
These choices give the user the following possibilities for analysing the network:
1.
The total number of packets for each flow over the flow duration (i.e. the time between the first and the last packet seen for the particular flow) can be depicted, as shown in Figure 3.6.
2.
In the same way, the ''packet rate'' r (i.e. the number of packets per second) can be depicted over the flow duration. The packet rate is computed as
\begin{displaymath}
r=n/\tau\end{displaymath}
where n is the number of packets observed in the last sample and $\tau$ is the length of the last sample. This plot is most useful for observing flows of short bursts. An example is shown in Figure 3.7.

Figure 3.6: Nifty displaying the packet count vs. the flow duration
\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}
 \includegraphics{pics/nifty1d_count.ps} \end{center}\end{figure}

Figure 3.7: Nifty displaying the packet rate vs. the flow duration
\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}

 \includegraphics{pics/nifty1d_rate.ps} \end{center}\end{figure}
3.
Figure 3.8 shows the flow packet rate as a percentage of the total observed packet rate for the last sample.
4.
The total number of bytes can be displayed over the flow duration, as in Figure 3.9. This plot is most useful for observing long-term high-volume flows.

Figure 3.8: Nifty displaying the packet percentage vs. the flow duration
\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}
\includegraphics{pics/nifty1d_percent.ps}\end{center}\end{figure}

Figure 3.9: Nifty displaying the byte count vs. the flow duration
\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}
 \includegraphics{pics/nifty2d_count.ps} \end{center}\end{figure}
5.
Figure 3.10 shows how the number of bytes per second, estimated from the counts and times observed for the last sample, can be displayed over the flow duration.
6.
The flow byte count can be displayed as a percentage of total observed bytes for the last sample. Figure 3.11 shows an example for this.

Figure 3.10: Nifty displaying the byte rate vs. the flow duration
\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}
 \includegraphics{pics/nifty2d_rate.ps} \end{center}\end{figure}

Figure 3.11: Nifty displaying the byte percentage vs. the flow duration
\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}
 \includegraphics{pics/nifty2d_percent.ps} \end{center}\end{figure}
These methods to display the traffic information have shown to be very valuable for getting rapid insights into the current state of the network. Once one gets used to them, they allow the user an immediate perception of the current traffic. Traffic sources producing excess packets can be easily located in the chart. At the same time, the different characters representing protocols allow a instantaneous overview of the kinds of applications that are responsible for the network load.
next up previous contents
Next: The NLANR OC3MON Up: IETF Example Applications: NeTraMet, Previous: The Traffic Flow Analyzer
root
8/4/1997


text:
Here's a word or two about Best Practices and SCALE in TurboCAD. If you are an old codger like me, who started on drafting boards with T-squares and triangles, and you still can't forget the acrid chemical smell of the blueprint machine, you were taught to draw to by scaling to fit. Then you carefully noted the scale factor (1:10, 1" = 1', 2cm = 1km etc.) down in the corner of the drawing. You may even have had a special set of rulers that short-cut the mathematical metal gymnastics. So it is completely natural that you would continue scale this way when drawing in CAD. Simply put, DON'T.
SIDEBAR: Along the same line you should be doing ALL of you primary drawing in the Model Space. Paper spaces are for printing; a word on that later.
DRAW TO SCALE, by which I mean full scale 1-to-1, 1:1, 1 = 1. It is true that TurboCAD has a wide range of controls that allow you to scale the drawing (Model) space and apply scale factors to dimensions, and you can always just brute force the issue by going old-school and drawing as I described above. There simply is no reason to do so in the modern world of CAD.
Drawing 1-to-1 has many advantages. It makes drawing faster. It makes it easier for other people to work with the drawing in the future. It reduces the probability of scale errors, and information errors. There are drawing which have come my way, were the drawing space has one scale set, the user has drawn within that space to an additional scale factor, and dimensions are scaled to another factor, and all of this is further compounded by viewports also scaling into paper spaces which also have a non-1-to-1 scale. What a mess. Even the author could not use the drawing a year after creating it.
So why does TurboCAD come with all of these features when I am sitting here telling you not to use them? I can answer that question in two words: Legacy and Compatibility. CAD today is not what CAD has always been, and best practices and standards have evolved over that last few decades. However, it is still necessary to support legacy drawings. By the same token, not all CAD and drawing applications use the same methods of scaling. So TurboCAD contains features which support both.
Today, most of the time, drawings are transferred, viewed, and reviewed electronically and we are not limited by the size of our paper, or printer/plotter. The Model space where we do most of our drawing is effectively infinite. Draw a city, at full scale, or a draw complex nanite at full scale. You aren't likely to run out of room.
Of course, sometimes we have to print, and there we are limited by both printer and paper. However, if you use viewports and scale only via the viewport you reduce the scaling complexity to a single point of failure, easy to identify, easy to fix.


Tuesday, May 26, 2009
HBase Schema Manager
As already mentioned in one of my previous posts, HBase at times makes it difficult to maintain or even create a new table structure. Imagine you have a running cluster and quite an elaborate table setup. Now you want to to create a backup cluster for load balancing and general tasks like reporting etc. How do you get all the values from one system into the other?
While you can use various examples that help you backing up the data and eventually restore it, how do you "clone" the table schemas?
Or imagine you have an existing system like the one we talked about above and you simply want to change a few things around. With an RDBMS you can save the required steps in a DDL statement and execute it on the server - or the backup server etc. But with HBase there is now DDL or even the possibility of executing pre-built scripts against a running cluster.
What I described in my previous post was a why to store the table schemas into an XML configuration file and run that against a cluster. The code handles adding new tables and more importantly the addition, removal and modification of column families for any named table.
I have put this all into a separate Java application that may be useful to you. You can get it from my GitHub repository. It is really simple to use, you create an XML based configuration file, for example:
Configuration for the FooBar HBase cluster.
Test table.
Sample column.
Then all you have to do is run the application like so:
java -jar hbase-manager-1.0.jar schema.xml
The "schema.xml" is the above XML configuration saved on your local machine. The output shows the steps performed:
$ java -jar hbase-manager-1.0.jar schema.xml
creating table test...
table created
You can also specify more options on the command line:
usage: HbaseManager [] []
-l,--list lists all tables but performs no further action.
-n,--nocreate do not create non-existent tables.
-v,--verbose print verbose output.
If you use the "verbose" option you get more details:
$ java -jar hbase-manager-1.0.jar -v schema.xml
schema filename: schema.xml
configuration used: null
using config number: default
table schemas read from config:
[name -> test
description -> Test table.
columns -> {sample=name -> sample
description -> Sample column.
maxVersions -> 1
compressionType -> NONE
inMemory -> false
blockCacheEnabled -> false
maxValueLength -> _PHONE_
timeToLive -> -1
bloomFilter -> false}]
hbase.master -> foo.bar.com:60000
authoritative -> true
name -> test
tableExists -> true
changing table test...
no changes detected!
Finally you can use the "list" option to check initial connectivity and the successful changes:
$ java -jar hbase-manager-1.0.jar -l schema.xml
tables found: 1
A few notes: First and most importantly, if you change a large table, i.e. one with thousands of regions, this process can take quite a long time. This is caused by the enableTable() call having to scan the complete.META. table to assign the regions to their respective region servers. There is possibly room for improvement in my little application to handle this better - suggestions welcome!
Also, I do not have Bloom Filter settings implemented, as this is still changing from 0.19 to 0.20. Once it has been finalized I will add support for it.
If you do not specify a configuration name then the first one is used. Having more than one configuration allows you to have multiple clusters defined in one schema file and by specifying the name you can execute only a specific one when you need to.
Monday, May 11, 2009
HBase MapReduce 101 - Part I
For now let's look at the other classes involved.
To Map or Reduce or Not Map or Reduce
Same or different Tables
Key Distribution
Until then, have a good day!
Sunday, May 3, 2009
European HBase Ambassador
I am on a mission! The mission is to spread the word on HBase. There are only a few choices when it comes to large scale data storage solutions. What I am referring to is not your vertical scale, big-iron relational database system. The time is now for a paradigm shift.
There are various key/value or more structured stores that strive to achieve the same - but getting proper information is often a big challenge. Either there is no proper examples, or use-cases for that matter. Even worse are performance details, the usual rap being "all depends!" - of course it does. Without real examples it is difficult to determine if a suitable system design wise is also holding up to the task at hand. How many servers are needed? How should the hardware stack be organized?
Here is where I feel I can help. I am using HBase for over a year now (started prototyping in late 2007), in production with three clusters spread over more than 50 servers. And I pretty much set them up from plugging in the hardware to the designing and running the cluster and the system on top of that. While this is in itself nothing special, I feel that I gained a lot of experience with HBase. I also feel that it could be very helpful to others that are thinking about HBase and how it may help them.
So I hereby declare myself to be a European HBase Ambassador. Mind you, this is no official title. The purpose is to help furthering the adoption of HBase in research and/or commercial projects. So what does this "position" entail? I offer this:
For the cost of travel (and if necessary accommodation) I will present any aspect of HBase in production to whoever is interested.
Yes, I will come to you if you ask, no matter where in Europe (or beyond). I will present on the internals of HBase, its API and so on to developers or higher concepts to architects. Or to management on a white paper level. You want to know about HBase and how it can help you? Let me know and I will show you.
Why me? Besides what I mentioned above I have over 13 years experience in software engineering and am responsible as the CTO at WorldLingo which for example is the sole provider for all machine translations in Microsoft Office for Windows and MacOS - given the text is longer than a few words because otherwise the internal word dictionaries are taking preference. I write and speak German (native) and English fluently. Last but not least I have regular contact with the core developers of HBase and am a contributor myself - as much as time allows.
So there you have it. This is my offer. I hope you see value in and take me up on it! I surely am looking forward to meeting you.


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How the COVID-19 Pandemic Changes Drug Testing
COVID-19 has changed work dynamics in many ways. As remote work rises due to the pandemic, drug use has increased and the drug testing landscape has also changed. This article focuses on what employers and employees should know about the employment drug testing process in this altered work dynamic.
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several aspects of the work and personal lives of individuals have changed. Nonessential companies alongside their employees have tilted towards remote work also known as "work from home." Over 40 million Americans lost their jobs and companies still struggle to adapt to the new system. One crucial matter they need to adapt to is making sure that the age-long employment drug testing policy is adjusted for a rapidly changing work environment.
Table of Contents
covid-19 drug testing
How COVID-19 Affects Employment Drug Testing
The coronavirus pandemic poses some challenges to companies that drug test employees normally. Employee drug testing raises some crucial questions about personal protective equipment, safety, and social distancing. Luckily, a large number of these tests are done in health care clinics and these hospitals are equipped to manage the accompanying risks. Many of these drug testing locations are open, but the employees must be prepared to observe social distancing and wear masks. The tests have also not changed, but there is a need for the employees to sit further away from the lab technician when the paperwork is being processed. In the same vein, collection sites must be sanitized according to OSHA guidelines. The employees must also be aware of the safety precautions so they can know that steps have been taken to keep them safe.
Drug Testing Remote Workers
Due to the rapid and dramatic shift to working from home, there is an increased risk of alcohol and drug use especially for people who aren't used to being home always. The increased health-related and economic strain as well as the closure of many social gathering places, has caused a 55 percent rise in the consumption of alcohol compared to the previous year. Also, drug use may be on the increase for the same reason. So, companies need to continue their regular drug testing policies to ensure that stress-related drug use does not affect their workplace.
Considering the fact that drugs are harder to resist in the circumstances, the staff are likely to push back. Employers have the duty to remind remote staff of all regulations that the industry abide by to clear any misconception. Also, they should reiterate that all alcohol and drug policies remain effective during the remote working period. The employees must be aware of what the company policies are and the consequences when such rules are not followed.
Drug Testing Furloughed Employees
Employers cannot test furloughed employees while they aren't working. However, if the employees are retuned after being furloughed for over a month or more, they can be treated as new hires. Lots of companies ensure that their staff reinstatement process includes the usual onboarding requirements. In many cases, pre-employment drug testing may be a part of these requirements.
Drug Testing Those Who Continue to Work
If an employee falls into a high-risk category for COVID-19 or has a chronic disease, the person may be unwilling to go to the lab to submit a saliva sample. In such cases, it is not an unreasonable request. The tricky part for the employers is determining whether the employee refused to get tested for valid reasons. The pandemic makes it even more complicated.
There is a guideline that covers refusals to get tested. The DOT guideline remains the same in the case. It is the responsibility of the employer to consider the circumstances of the refusal of the employee to test. Also, the employer will need to determine whether or not the action of the employee is considered a refusal.
In non regulated industries, drug testing is solely controlled by the employer. The employer determines how to manage the drug testing program. There are also federal laws as well as local and state laws play a part in all non-DOT testing procedures. The law can offer guidance for any employer who struggles with drug testing during the COVID-19 era. However, DOT's guidelines remain a great resource.
Moving Forward
A lot of people hope that the economy can recover quickly from the effects of the pandemic. However, no one knows when it will end and how it will change the drug testing procedures in post-pandemic world. Companies as well as their employees must understand all the risks. Even though a large bulk of employees are now working from home or being furloughed, one thing has clearly not changed in the corporate world of America: drug use isn't tolerated. If you want to get a job, you have to pass a drug test.


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Many indigenous villages and schools in Bocas del Toro do not have access to safe drinking water. Polluted water can lead to intestinal worms in humans, which cause anemia, chronic dysentery and malnutrition, all factors contributing to a high rate of absenteeism in schools. Children fall behind in their studies and often give up, perpetuating the vicious cycle of poverty among the indigenous people. This project works to stop this problem by installing rainwater catchment tanks at schools, providing safe, clean drinking water to students and their families. In 2011 STA Travel contributed US$25,000 to this project, to purchase and install 10 water tanks and buy a boat to serve as the first ambulance service for indigenous people living in this remote area.
Your participation in this project means one new rainwater catchment tank can be purchased and installed at a school - your trip pays for the full cost of a tank and installation ($1000), serving at least 400 people in urgent need of safe water. Without volunteers like you, this project could not survive. It relies on donors and volunteers to pay for the tanks and installation. You are helping to save lives, to give children and families a healthy start, and help to stop the cycle of poverty in this region.
- Learn about indigenous life by experiencing several villages in the Bocas del Toro archipelago - Visit indigenous schools and deliver school supplies by boat and land - Visit Ambulance boat base and learn about service to surrounding villages - Help install your donated water tank at a school in urgent need!


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Signal Detection Theory
The theory of signal detection theory evolved from the development of communications and radar equipment the first half of this century. It migrated to psychology, initially as part of sensation and perception, in the 50's and 60's as an attempt to understand some of the features of human behavior when detecting very faint stimuli that were not being explained by traditional theories of thresholds.
The situation of interest is this:
What makes this different from traditional threshold theories is that the subject makes a decision, a cognitive act, as to whether the signal is present or not. This basic sensory act of determining if a stimulus occurred now is understood to have a cognitive component.
If you want a concrete example, click here.
Now what can happen in this situation. If the signal is present the person can decide that it is present or absent. These outcomes are called hits and misses. If the signal is absent the person can still decide that the signal is either present or absent. These are called false alarms or correct rejections (CR) respectively.
A common way to display these outcomes is below in Table 1.
Where to from here:


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Why are lights connected in parallel?
The lights in most houses are connected in parallel. This means that they all receive the full voltage and if one bulb breaks the others remain on. For a parallel circuit the current from the electrical supply is greater than the current in each branch.
How are street lights connected?
A street light can be connected to the DNOs mains electricity cable – the same cable that could be supplying your property. The cabling for this type of connection is typically concentric – a cable that has one core with the neutral and earth combined surrounding the inner core.
Why are the 3 lamps connected in parallel?
When the bulbs are connected in parallel, each bulb has 120 V across it, each draws 1/3 A, and each dissipates 40 watts. Since all three bulbs are 40-watt bulbs, they have the same resistance, so the voltage drop across each one is the same and equals one-third of the applied voltage, or 120/3 = 40 volts.
What is an advantage of wiring lights in parallel?
Consistent voltage One of the advantages of parallel circuits is that they ensure all components in the circuit have the same voltage as the source. For instance, all bulbs in a string of lights have the same brightness.
Should I wire lights in parallel or series?
Good to know: Switches and fuses must be connected through line (Live) wire. Connecting electrical devices and appliances like fan, outlet, light bulbs etc in parallel is a prefer way instead of series wiring. Parallel or series-parallel wiring method is more reliable instead of series wiring.
Are ceiling lights parallel or series?
This is only true for more than one light/load on a circuit. And since most branch circuits are not dedicated to one load, they are wired in parallel. A single light/load is a series connection since there is only one path for current flow.
Why do street lights turn on and off?
What I have experienced is that the "blinking" phenomenon with street lights is what we called cycling. When a lamp, either Metal halide, Mercury vapor or High pressure sodium reaches the end of its life cycle, they begin to turn on and off by themselves.
How are LDRS used in street lights?
Street lights are designed to switch on automatically when it is dark and switch off when there is light so as to save energy. A common device used is called a light dependent resistor (LDR). It is a resistor with resistance that changes according to the amount of light falling on it.
How are street light bulbs connected in parallel?
Street light bulbs are connected in parallel bcoz if we connect it in series then voltage across each bulb will not be same.
How are street lights connected in a series?
Lamps in street lighting are all connected in a) Series b) Parallel c) Series parallel d) En.. Street light bulbs are connected in parallel bcoz if we connect it in series then voltage across each bulb will not be same.
Why are all the lights wired in parallel?
Parallel wiring allows for several paths that electricity can take to get from the energy source to where the power is grounded. Even with several strings of lights connected, each string functions in parallel, not in a series. If one bulb burns out, the rest will keep functioning. This makes it simple to pinpoint the problem bulb and replace it.
How does parallel wiring work in a house?
Parallel wiring allows for several paths that electricity can take to get from the energy source to where the power is grounded. Even with several strings of lights connected, each string functions in parallel, not in a series. If one bulb burns out, the rest will keep functioning.


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Kamishibai (纸 芝 居) means "drama of paper." It is a form of storytelling that originated in Buddhist temples in Japan in the twelfth century, where monks were accustomed to use Emaki (scrolls that combine images with text) to combine stories with moral lessons for mostly illiterate audience.
Activity in the Festival:
Representations of Kamishibai during the two days of Festival.
Agurtzane Macías, Gaito Kamishibaya
In October 2005 Agurtzane began studying theater in "Bilbao Escena", a set of three courses or annual levels, in collaboration with the theater group Gaitzerdi. At the beginning of 2008, she changes deeply her approach to the theater when discovers the art of kamishibai. Since then, she has been working with this narrative format, using materials imported from Japan, and taking part in numerous events held in the Basque Country, among which It's worth highlighting: regular representations in several schools and in the Civic Center of Otxarkoaga (2008 -2009), representation at the Festival of Japan (La Casilla, April 2009), in the Ibilaldia (2009), in the Hall of Comic and Manga of Getxo (2009), Barakaldo and so on. In addition to this, her work has appeared in a documentary produced by Tokyo TV for the "Japan All Stars" popular program. Today she is in the process of creation and development of stories and illustrations through Kamishibai style.
More information about Kamishibai:
- The International Kamishibai Association of Japan
- International forum on kamishibai
- Doshin-sha Publishing House
- Pamplona-Iruña Kamishibai Project


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Relationship between health literacy level and sexual function in women in the Northwest of Iran in 2020- a cross sectional study
BMC Women's Health volume 23, Article number: 176 (2023)
Background and purpose
Sexual health means coordination and adaptation of physical, emotional, intellectual and social aspects of human beings. One of the variables that affect sexual function and sexual satisfaction is health literacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between health literacy level and sexual function in married women in Qazvin health centers.
In the cross-sectional study, 340 married women were selected from four health centers in Qazvin, Iran, in 2020. These selected centers were chosen randomly from 26 health centers. Participants were included in the study by using the proportional selection method based on the sample size of the all health centers. Data collection tools include three questionnaires: demographic information, The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HELIA), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered for statistical analyses.
The highest and lowest scores of dimension's sexual function are satisfaction, pain, and lubricant, respectively. The level of women's health literacy in Qazvin was inadequate and borderline (56.4%). Each of the sexual function dimensions had significant positive correlations with health literacy (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between health literacy level with age, education, and occupation (P < 0.05). According to linear regression analysis, with the increase in years of marriage, sexual function is decreased (P < 0.02).
Health literacy was inadequate in more than half of the study sample and health literacy was significantly associated with sexual function. Educational programs were necessary in order to promote women's health literacy in health centers.
The level of knowledge and awareness of the population towards their health status and effective factors are very important. Women have the most important role in society and family [1, 2]. Sexual health is one of the basic issues. Sexual health means the coordination and adaptation of the physical, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects of human beings , which leads to the promotion of personality, relationships, and love. These relationships are affected by many factors such as cognition, interpersonal relationships, knowledge and attitudes, culture, and religion .
Sexual disorders are prevalent in men and women and need intervention [5, 6]. Sexual disorders in women include persistent or recurrent disorders in four areas; sexual desire, sexual arousal, pain during intercourse, or the inability to reach orgasm. Social and cultural barriers, taboos, and misunderstandings make it difficult to accurately estimate the prevalence of these disorders. These disorders can affect quality of life, self-confidence, temperament, spouse relationships, and daily activities [7,8,9]. Sexual function is common in both sexes. The prevalence of this disorder in the United States is 43% in women and 31% in men . In a study in Iran, this amount was 31.5% in women. The prevalence of this disorder increases with age . About 25–63% of women suffer from sexual disorders [11,12,13].
Most medical treatments for sexual function are not proven [14, 15]. The impact of economic and social factors and the level of literacy and income are the most important social variables affecting health. One of the variables that affect sexual function and sexual satisfaction is health literacy. Literacy is effective in determining employment, income, and social status of individuals, but only a high level of literacy is not enough because a person may have a high level of education but not understand health issues and make decisions that are inappropriate for his health, so the issue of "health literacy" was very important. The aspects of health literacy are broad and can range from the ability to read a text to understanding the information provided by a health worker .
Health literacy is a person's capacity to obtain, interpret, and understand the basic information about health services that is necessary for appropriate decision- making . In other words, health literacy is a set of reading, listening, analysis, and decision-making skills and the ability to apply these skills in health situations that do not necessarily go back to years of schooling or general reading ability . The prevalence of sexual function in Iranian women is different, but there have been few studies on health literacy and its relationship with sexual disorders among Iranian women [3, 7, 19,20,21,22,23]. In the Sahib al-Zamani et al. study on the relationship between health literacy and sexual function and satisfaction among infertile couples referred to the Royan Infertility Institute, the results showed that health literacy among most couples is borderline and that its adverse effects on sexual function and sexual satisfaction are confirmed . In the Kilfoyle et al. study, health literacy plays an important role in reproductive knowledge and behavior . The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between health literacy and sexual function in married women that referred to health centers in Qazvin.
In this cross- sectional study, 340 married women were selected from four health centers in Qazvin, Iran, in 2020. These selected centers were chosen randomly from 26 health centers. Participants were included in the study by using the proportional selection method based on the sample size of all health centers in Qazvin. The sample size calculated based on the study of Sahebalzamani and et al. by using the sample size formula (r correlation = 0.17), which estimated 340 individuals.
Inclusion criteria included the following:
- Married women over 18 years old • Having active health record in health centers • Having Literate.
And the exclusion criteria included the following: • Women with a history of mental illness and medication (taking antipsychotics, SSRIs, blood pressure medications, and diabetes) • Disinclination to participate in the study.
At first, the purpose of the study was explained to the participants. A three-part questionnaire containing demographic information (age, level of education, occupation, income, number of children, occupation and education of the spouse), Health Literacy Questionnaire (HELIA) and Women's Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were completed by participants. The only native Iranian tool is the Iranian Adult Health Literacy Questionnaire or Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) developed by Montazeri et al. . The designers of HELIA believe that one of the most important advantages of this tool is its generality, so that this tool does not belong to a class, occupation, education, age group or any other specific range and can be used for different population groups. This questionnaire has 33 items: access (6 items), reading skills (4 items), understanding (7 items), appraisal (4 items), and decision-making (12 items). Answers are also determined on a five-point Likert scale (from always to never). The scores of this questionnaire were calculated as subscale scores and total scores. The range of subscale scores is between 4 and 20 for reading, 6 to 30 for access, 7 to 35 for understanding, 4 to 20 for appraisal, and 12 and 60 for decision dimension. The early scores of the five dimensions of health literacy will be calculated and then converted into a standard score between zero and 100. According to this way of scoring, scores of zero to 50 are considered insufficient health literacy, 50.1 to 66 as borderline health literacy, scores 66.1 to 84 as adequate health literacy, and scores 84.1 and up to 100 are considered excellent health literacy . The 19-item Female Sexual Function Index measures women's sexual function in six independent areas: desire (2 questions), arousal (4 questions), moisture (4 questions), orgasm (3 questions), satisfaction (3 questions), and sexual pain (3 questions) , and is based on a 5-pointLikert scale .
The questionnaire has been used in many studies abroad and has shown a high degree of internal consistency and reliability, as well as validity . Evaluation of the validity and reliability of the Iranian version of the Women's Sexual Function Index was conducted by Mohammadi et al. in 2008 [29, 30].
Data analysis and statistical tests
Data were entered into SPSS version 24. According to the non-parametric distribution of samples in the statistical population, parametric tests such as Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests were determined. The linear regression analysis was used to predict sexual function by applying demographic variables and dimensions of health literacy. Significance level of less than 0.05. was considered.
most of the participants' education and job were diploma (59.7%) and unemployment (73.2%), respectively. The age of 183 individuals (53.8%) was 20–40 years old, and the age of 144 individuals (42.4%) was older than 40 years old. Among participants, 112 (32.9%) individuals had more than 20 years of marriage.
According to the results, 79 individuals had inadequate literacy (23.6%), 110 (32.8%) borderline, 82 (24.5%) participants had adequate literacy, and 64 participants (19.1%) had excellent literacy. The scores of health literacy in selecting women include decision making (Median = 68.7, IQR = 54.1–85.4), understanding (Median = 66.07, IQR = 50-85.7), appraisal (Median = 62.5, IQR = 43.7–81.2), access to information (Median = 62.4, IQR = 50–79), and