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Last month I had the pleasure of travelling to Barcelona to participate in Mozilla's Drumbeat festival (of which more details are to come).
I very much wanted to demo the capabilities of HTML5 audio and so set about creating a demo in keeping with the theme of the festival – 'Learning, Freedom and the Web'. I ended up with a very rough prototype of a web app that synchronised audio to text, word for word, more accurately it provided an interface that allowed a person to synchronise the audio to text and then demonstrated a couple of things that were made possible once this synchronisation had taken place.
So what was possible?
The first thing I found was that once I had the timings I could easily create a mechanism to control the audio from the text. Now by clicking on individual words I could jump to the corresponding part of the audio, useful for navigating audio and also potentially as an aid to learning language. I took this a little further by allowing the user to highlight areas of the text and having just that part of the text played back, which was um, an interesting exercise*.
*This feature is very very experimental and needs some love.
Finally I added a bit of razzmatazz, tacking on 'Image Overlay Mode', which is really a text overlayed on image mode, but that was a bit too wordy. To achieve image overlay mode in my limited time, I used canvas, however I'm aware that CSS3 is probably a better fit for this type of 'animation'.
The code is very crude – it really was just flung together in a desperate rush to get it working for the Drumbeat Science Fair, so I hesitate to say feel free to take it and do with it what you will. But please do consider all demos posted on our blog open source and dual licensed under the MIT and GPL licenses.
Once again the jPlayer library came in handy, providing a useful abstraction and ensuring that the solution works on various platforms.
1. In Sync Mode – press play on the player and use the space bar or sync button to synchronise the words with the audio.
2. Switch to Playback Mode to see the words synched to the audio. Click on the words to play the audio from that point. Try selecting areas of text.
3. Hit Image Overlay Mode if you are so inclined and have a canvas enabled browser.
4. Try Hack mode if you want to adjust any part of the timings and/or words.
Alternatively watch a screen capture of the demo :
(Flash version coming soon, honest.)
Feedback and ideas on this demo are particularly appreciated. I'm also interested in possible uses (apart from karaoke ) and perhaps other projects that I could collaborate with to make something genuinely useful.
26 Comments to Drumbeat Demo – HTML5 Audio Text Sync
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For intermediate and specialty chemicals, the incorporation of biotechnology-based processes has become a viable option for the chemical process industries (CPI). This one-page reference discusses some of the benefits and challenges of fermentation-based processes.
Among the potential advantages of fermentation processes over conventional processes are the following:
Improved selectivity. Bioengineering techniques generally allow the elimination of byproducts from the outset, by designing a microorganism to carry out the fermentation so that byproducts are not produced.
Reduced costs. Fermentation can dramatically reduce the number of process steps, as well as operational costs. Because the single unit operation of fermentation can replace multiple unit operations in conventional chemical processes, the cost per ton may be significantly lower (sometimes 20–40% lower) for bio-based process technologies. Also, capital equipment for fermentation-based processes may be less expensive because fermentation runs at near-ambient temperature and pressure and near-neutral pH, compared to more challenging conditions often required in a conventional chemical process. Reduced byproducts can lower downstream processing…

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
For immediate release: September 7, 2011
Media Contact: Communication Office
Vermont Department of Health
BURLINGTON – The Vermont Department of Health is reminding residents and volunteers to take all precautions to avoid injuries and illness during cleanup work after the flooding.
"We want everyone to stay safe and healthy after the flood," said Health Commissioner Harry Chen, MD. "Experience from other states tells us that the number one health risk comes from injuries during cleanup. And although children want to help, give them tasks that keep them out of harm's way."
Residents, cleanup workers and volunteers do not need to have a tetanus booster (Tdap) shot to work in the flooded zone. Take precautions to avoid injury and exposure to flood water if you have an open wound. Seek immediate medical attention for wound care and a tetanus booster shot, if needed.
Health Department district office staff are distributing latex-free gloves and N95 masks with instructions for use, along with safe cleanup guidance and drinking water test kits to the towns hardest hit by the flooding. N95 masks are also available at most hardware stores.
The Health Department's website has extensive information and resources to help. Go to _URL_, then click on 'After the Flood', including "Creating a Healthy Home – A Field Guide for Clean-up of Flooded Homes" and information about cleaning up mold.
Basic precautions to take during cleanup:
- Keep children and pets out of the affected area until cleanup is done.
- Wear study footwear, long-sleeved shirts and pants. The Health Department also recommends wearing goggles and an N95 respirator (mask) when cleaning up dust, sand, silt, dirt and mold that can get into the air.
- Be careful when using power tools. Take care to avoid slips, trips and falls.
- To prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, never use gas-powered tools, generators or heaters inside or within a confined area.
- Wash hands often and well, especially before handling food, smoking, or any other hand-to-mouth behavior.
- Be careful to not overexert. Take rests, drink plenty of liquids, protect yourself against sun.
# # #

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Australian philosophy – Campus Review The latest in higher education news Mon, 03 Dec 2018 02:49:18 +0000 en-AU hourly 1 Australian philosophy and reconstruction of the renaissance citizen Wed, 28 Nov 2018 03:48:36 +0000 I consider myself to be a child of the European Enlightenment. This is not only because of my Irish heritage, but because of my admiration for the development of questions and ideas from Greek philosophers, from the industrial revolution and from the establishment of modern science. People from other continents and countries have pursued their own understandings, but what might be broadly called European thought and perspective is my starting point.
While it is often said that American Pragmatism stood European philosophy on its head, I am pleased to draw upon this tradition as well. Both projects were asking questions of human existence from their cultural standpoints, attempting to understand our place in the universe and implications for how to live. Yes, there are significant differences between and within these traditions, but their similar direction and resolution can assist human understanding.
As far as Australia is concerned, I am not aware of what might be called a distinctively Australian philosophy regarding these matters. That is, an underlying set of views held by ordinary people that form the basis of beliefs, values and customs arising. Australia has only had a short history since British colonisation, making the development of an independent, coherent and indeed international philosophical framework somewhat problematic.
Taking these considerations into account, I want to propose the table below as a preliminary outline of Australian philosophy, a philosophy arising from ordinary experience. It suggests seven concepts from which we can identify main ideas and current beliefs of the Australian community and then, what broad and consistent understandings or world view that may be formulated over the decades ahead.
Table 1. Outline of Australian Philosophy (draft only, for discussion)
(Broad concept)
(Main idea)
(Current beliefs)
(General acceptance)
Origin Unity of opposites Pluralist Dialectical emergence
Harmony Cosmic order Part of whole Wholeness beyond
Land Of the land Strong connections Naturalist existence
Materialism Reality World exists World experienced
Truth Shared viewpoints Pluralist Meaning known
Knowledge Relational objects Reason, experience Existence and essence
Virtue Excellent conduct Equality Flourishing humanity
It is apparent that the table draws inspiration from Greek philosophy, in particular Aristotle and from American Pragmatism. It suggests that human understanding comes from our direct experience of the universe and involves a combination of sensory perception and reason over time. The revolutionary view of Protagoras, that 'man is the measure of all things' rather than the gods, can be seen throughout.
From an Australian point of view, the concept of 'land' is central to thinking, given the diverse nature of landscape, an island continent with huge expanse and presence regardless of population centres dotted mainly around the periphery. There is strong, emotional awareness of land. Therefore, any attempt at identifying an Australian world view must incorporate Indigenous philosophy of living and ways of knowing, where connections with the land involve social being that is 'of the land', with earth as mother.
Theorised by John Dewey and other pragmatists, humans engage the world through a process of investigation and inquiry to solve problems regarding interest and progress. Knowledge is constructed as we probe relationships between the objects of practice and thought, and note the impact that our actions have on experience. Heraclitus had similar views regarding constant flux in the universe and the dialectical unity of apparently contradictory elements.
Dialectical processes involving the unity of opposites can be taken as the foundation of order and harmony throughout the cosmos, a view supported by Hegel and Marx. We can observe this process occurring as humans work through what it means to live with virtue, or excellent conduct; the basis of what Aristotle understood as 'human flourishing'.
It is extremely difficult to ascertain how these philosophical conceptions inform Australian thinking at present, although certain aspects are apparent in different locations. In a previous time, for example, with a much higher proportion of the workforce being employed in manufacturing, construction and agricultural work, there was a greater emphasis and commonality on a shared industrial experience and the ideas, or truths, encountered.
Australians today have a range of views regarding human origin that probably exist in many other similar countries. Generalised truths can be promulgated by different authorities, while personal truths of what is real arise from direct experience, including advice from family, formal education, and community histories. Such pluralism is supportive of democratic life, although it can tend to separate social groupings rather than unite around concepts of what it means to be flourishingly human.
Given that the European Enlightenment was about autonomy and emancipation, the right to think, express and act for ourselves, to eliminate all forms of oppression and ignorance once and for all, my thoughts cannot help but return to that of the renaissance citizen. We think of Leonardo and Michelangelo in this regard, where new ideas and knowledge emerged across literature, art, politics and religion: a new humanism where citizen wisdom and character were recognised.
This may be seen as a somewhat romantic and idealised vision of a bygone age, an image of the European village green, small workshops and the carving of violins by expert craft workers. It neglects the advances in health, education and housing that we enjoy today, including services like electricity and clean water. But humanity requires a vision of something, of the compassionate, meaningful and connected society that, despite economic advances, many would argue is lacking in emotion and heart.
It is doubtful if the notion of Australian Philosophy sketched above will produce a new renaissance citizen, at least in the short term. But consideration thereof will provide a benchmark for critique of the dominant neoliberal market ideology and establish a democratic framework for communities, individuals and institutions to reimagine and reconstitute how they live, learn, work and love. It is a contribution to the world for peace and justice.
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February 20, 2014
DEXshield™, a new, innovative product from DEXIS, enables DEXIS® Platinum Sensor owners to reduce radiation exposure to their patients.
DEXIS is excited to announce the introduction of DEXshield, a unique dental X-ray position indicating device and a patented patient protective shield. When used in conjunction with the DEXIS Platinum Sensor, this exciting new device not only reduces radiation to the patient, it also aids in proper positioning for image capture. DEXIS is the only company to provide both an intra-oral sensor, DEXIS Platinum, and a shielded ring, DEXshield, with the added benefit of dose reduction.
In a laboratory setting, DEXshield plus the DEXIS Platinum sensor was determined to reduce absorbed dose by at least 30% as compared to the Universal Ring plus the DEXIS Platinum sensor. During dental radiographic procedures, DEXshield's tungsten core is able to block unnecessary X-rays. The resulting dose reduction does not affect image quality since the needed amount of radiation passes through the ring for optimal imaging results.
Maintaining the current DEXIS workflow, DEXshield takes the place of a standard ring. DEXshield was created to be easier to use than rectangular collimation, both of which were designed to reduce unnecessary dose to the patient. To overcome some of the limitations of rectangular collimation, DEXshield, when properly used with the DEXIS Platinum sensor, allows the operator to easily establish correct positioning and alignment. Appropriate positioning minimizes cone cuts which subsequently may reduce retakes that, in turn, potentially reduces even more unnecessary exposure.
DEXIS realizes that dose is very important to dentists and their patients. Furthermore, the company recognizes that dental professionals want to control dose in an efficient manner while maintaining high image quality. Therefore, DEXIS has made dose control a priority in its device design goals. One result of this commitment was confirmed by developing DEXshield which when combined with the DEXIS Platinum Sensor in recent laboratory testing, was determined to offer optimal results in imaging at a lower dose.
DEXshield Indications for Use: DEXshield is a dental X-ray position indicating device and a patient protective shield. It is intended for dental radiographic purposes to align the examination site with the X-ray beam and to protect the patient from unnecessary radiation exposure during radiologic procedures by providing an attenuating barrier to radiation.
DEXIS is an industry leader in developing high quality digital imaging solutions for the dental community. In 1997, DEXIS introduced digital radiography on laptop computers — making it the first truly portable and affordable digital X-ray system. In 2001, DEXIS® became the first intra-oral digital radiography system to be accepted by the American Dental Association into the highly prestigious ADA Seal Program. Today, DEXIS is the most highly awarded intra-oral digital X-ray system with numerous awards from dental researchers and well-respected dental publications.
For more information on the DEXIS Imaging Suite of software products and the DEXIS® Platinum Sensor, visit _URL_.


Drop forging manufacturer
Home » News » Mechanical Processing after Carburizing Treatment of Drop Forging
Mechanical Processing after Carburizing Treatment of Drop Forging
In order to achieve high surface hardness and surface roughness, improve fatigue strength, and meet working performance of drop forgings, Mechanical processing will be operated after carburizing treatment. The mechanical processing after carburizing treatment is generally as follows:
1) Machining
The surface carbon content after carburizing is high, and after heat treatment, the surface of drop forged blanks will exsit a large amount of residual austenite, easy to form grinding cracks, such as burns and crack, in the process of grinding. Besides, grinding crack can also produce if there is thick carbide, carbide network or carbide film. So in the process of Mechanical Processing, we should refer to the technical requirements of carburizing forgings, choose the correct process parameters according to the specific characteristics. This will help improve the quality of the drop forgings, and can guide the actual machining.
2) Shot blasting
Shot blast the carburized drop forgings into shot blasting machines, pill granule will impact the products with high speed of 50 ~ 70 m/s after a certain period of time, on the surface depth range of 0.1 ~ 0. 25 mm, drop forgings will win the uniform cold work hardening layer, thus to improve the hardnss of forging surface. Its effect has a direct relationship with the original organization of material surface. There will be obvious hardening effect if the surface has redundant residual austenite organization after quenching. Once appear carbide network on the surface, it will cause the emergence of surface crack, therefore, there is a strict control and requirements on the quenching organization of carburized forging surface.
3) Rolling or polishing
To improve the fatigue life, and the strengthening effect of drop forging surface, except for shot blasting processing, drop forgings can also be rolled or polished processing, namely rolling or rolling friction polishing. It is a kind of cold work hardening and strengthening technologies on the surface, which has the following features:
a) Improving surface hardness, change the size and distribution of residual stresses.
b) Improve surface finish of drop forgings.
c) Increase bending fatigue strength and touching fatigue strength.
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Common-Pool Resources
Goods that typically possess a natural or constructed system of resources
What are Common-Pool Resources?
Common-pool resources (CPRs), also referred to as common goods, are goods that typically possess a natural or constructed system of resources. CPRs are non-excludable, meaning that individuals or populations typically can't be prevented from using them, even if they aren't paying for them. They are, however, rivalrous, meaning that their usage makes it more difficult for others to subsequently utilize them.
Common-Pool Resources
Congestion and Overuse
Common-pool resources often suffer from being overused or becoming congested by use. It is largely due to the fact that such resources usually possess a primary resource, or stock variable, as well as smaller units that can be extracted and used, or the flow variable of the resource. There are a number of resources that fall into the common-pool category, including:
 - Fisheries
 - Pastures
 - Irrigation systems
Example of Common-Pool Resources
With common-pool resources, overuse occurs because of subtractability (rivalry). For example, consider a pasture. If the land isn't necessarily privately owned and is shared between multiple farmers grazing their cattle, then the pasture is a common-pool resource because it can't be effectively exclusive to any of the farmers.
However, as cattle are rotated between areas of the pasture, each area then becomes substantially less valuable to every farmer down the line, with the potential for overgrazing that will make the pasture not usable for any cattle, at least for a period of time. Here, the general acreage of the pasture space would be the primary resource or stock variable and the grass, then, would be the flow variable.
Controlling Common-Pool Resources
In order to make sure that CPRs retain their non-excludability and to work against the tendency toward overuse or congestion, protocols are typically established. The protocols include important items such as the following:
 - Establishing the boundaries of the resource, making it clear what space is part of the resource
 - Agreements between all users of the resource (planned or expected), or making assurances that all potential users are aware of the space and rules
 - Careful monitoring of the resource
 - Penalties put in place to sanction users who don't abide by established agreements on the proper use of the resource
 - Some forum or plan of action for resolution of conflicts if/when they arise
With most common-pool resources, legislation, the establishment of rules, and conflict resolution are done at a local level so that the resources aren't opened up further to overuse or exploitation. The government typically only steps in or is involved if the resources are part of a trade agreement or if disputes over the resources exceed the ability of local officials to control.
In some cases, the government must be included so that overuse of the resource – or exploitation of it – doesn't harm the broader community or the country, or create a global impact.
Final Word
Common-pool resources are important. They offer a set of goods or resources that can essentially be accessed by everyone. The danger comes when such resources are overused or abused and become at least temporarily unusable or significantly less valuable to other users.
Additional Resources
 - Consumption
 - Giffen Good
 - Supply and Demand
 - Veblen Goods
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The permutation relates to the ratio of frequencies of the two clock signals. To perform the permutation the phase meter logic approximates the ratio of the frequency of the slow clock, F1 and the frequency of the fast frequency F2. That is, the phase meter approximates the ratio F2/F1. In the case of a phase meter for use on a GPS satellite, the phase meter approximates the ratio of the 10.23 MHZ system clock and 13.4 MHZ AFS signal with the ratio 131/100. It is noted that this ratio is 3.28 ppm too low for the Rubidium AFS (RAFS), and 71.80 ppm too high for the Cesium AFS (CAFS). This integer ratio of 131/100 applies only to the particular frequencies of the example discussed here. More generally, for each application of the phase meter an appropriate pair of integers (C2/C1) will be used to approximate the ratio F2/F1, where C2 is larger than C1.
To illustrate how the permutation operates, consider a scaled down version of the integer ratio from 131/100 to 13/10 to make the examples easier to follow. For a point of reference, define time=0 at a point where the rising edges of both clocks align. For convenience, use one AFS cycle as the unit of time, and then the AFS clock will have rising edges at times 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, etc. and falling edges at times 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, etc., as shown in FIG. 3. If the frequency ratio is actually 13/10, then the system clock will have rising edges at times that are multiples of 1.3. Accordingly, at a rising edge of the system clock the flip flop shown in FIG. 2 is clocked causing the AFS clock input at D to be output at Q, thereby sampling the AFS clock. Those sample points are shown in FIG. 3 with an "x", and the sampling times are set forth in Table 1 below. The table is arranged so as to read the columns in the downward direction, then each row from left Q to right.
TABLE 1
0.0 Sample times for 13/10 frequency ratio
1.3 5.2 9.1
2.6 6.5 10.4
3.9 7.8 11.7
13.0
When using the rising edge of the system clock to sample the AFS clock, the sample at time 0.00 will indicate whether the phase is leading or lagging from phase 0.0, the sample at time 1.3 whether leading or lagging from phase 0.3, the sample at 2.6 relative to phase 0.6, etc. For example, the AFS clock phase would need to lag 0.3 cycles to move the rising edge at 1.0 past the sampling time 1.3.
The phases associated with these samples are in each case the integer part of the sampling times. This is illustrated below in Table 2.
TABLE 2
0.0 Sample phases for 13/10 frequency ratio
0.3 0.2 0.1
0.6 0.5 0.4
0.9 0.8 0.7
0.0 (repeats)
If the table is read by rows right to left, then top to bottom, the phases are in order, and increase by even increments of 0.1 cycles. It should now be apparent that the reason the times and phases are listed in rows and columns this way is to allow an easy visual permutation of the sample sequence. This permutation sequence can be obtained by incrementing by 13 modulo 10, and is useful for arranging the samples in phase order.
However, suppose the actual frequency ratio differs slightly from 13/10; for example, suppose that it is actually 131/100. Then the sample times will be:
TABLE 3
0.00 Sample times for 131/100 frequency ratio
1.31 5.24 9.17
2.62 6.55 10.48
3.93 7.86 11.79
13.10
and the corresponding phases will be:
TABLE 4
0.00 Sample phases for 131/100 frequency ratio
0.31 0.24 0.17
0.62 0.55 0.48
0.93 0.86 0.79
0.10 (repeats with 0.1 offset)
If the phases are read in the same order as before, by rows leftward from top to bottom, they remain an increasing sequence that is nearly even spaced, but the spacing is more uneven. The uneven spacing of samples is a source of deterministic error, but in the actual design and for typical frequency deviations (even for cold start situations), this error is much less than the quantization error. Clock jitter can also contribute error, but only for samples that are close to an edge.
Sample, Permute and Detect with Matched Filter
A phase measurement system according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 4. The system includes a sampler 6, receiving two clock signals, in this example a 13.4 MHZ AFS clock and a 10.23 MHZ system clock, a phase meter 7 that includes a permuter 8 and a matched filter 9, and an interval counter 10. The system also includes a count adjustment unit 11 for combining the outputs of the phase meter and the interval counter to obtain an interval measurement with the resolution of the phase meter and the range of the interval counter. The phase meter is also able to measure the duty-cycle of the AFS clock, which is useful as an indication of integrity of the phase measurement. The count adjustment unit adjusts the count to remove phase ambiguities.
The phase measurement system will be understood to encompass both hardware and software components.
Phase Meter
The phase meter 7 approximates the ratio of the 10.23 MHZ system clock and 13.4 MHZ AFS signal by the ratio 131/100. In this example, 100 successive samples are taken, and those samples are permuted by moving the ith sample to the jth position, where j=31*i modulo 100. The inverse permutation, i=71*j modulo 100, may also be used, depending on whether the choice is made to have the source position a function of the destination position, or vice versa. The permuted samples include approximately a string of 50 ones followed by a string of 50 zeros in a cyclic sequence, with the phase of this sequence approximating the phase between the two clocks.
Permuter
The permuter 8 changes the sequence of C1 samples, where the positions of the samples before being permuted are designated by i=0, 1, 2 . . . C1−1, and the positions of the samples after being permuted are designated by j=0, 1, 2 . . . C1−1. More generally, the permutations are performed in this embodiment according to the equations j=A*i modulo C1 and i=B*j modulo C1, where A=C2 modulo C1 and where B=(1/C2) modulo C1 (that is, B*C2 modulo C1=1).
For example (for C2=131 and C1=100), the equation j=31*i modulo 100 is used to compute Table 5 shown below.
TABLE 5
i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 etc.
j 0 31 62 93 24 55 86 17 48 79 10 41 72 3 34 65 96 27 58 89 20 51 82 13 44 etc.
Alternatively, the equation i=B*j modulo C1 can be used to compute the position values shown in Table 6 shown below.
TABLE 6
j 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 etc.
i 0 71 42 13 84 55 26 97 68 39 10 81 52 23 94 65 36 7 78 49 20 91 62 33 4 etc.
Tables 5 and 6 as shown are not complete, but it can be verified that they are correct for some values:
the sample at i=0 is moved to j=0,
the sample at i=4 is moved to j=24,
the sample at i=7 is moved to j=17,
the sample at i=10 is moved to j=10,
the sample at i=13 is moved to j=3,
the sample at i=20 is moved to j=20, and
the sample at i=23 is moved to j=13.
For Table 5, the second row can be obtained by starting at zero and adding 31 (A) to the previous entry, subtracting 100 (C1) whenever the result equals or exceeds 100 (C1). For example, when 31 is added to 93, the result is 124, so 100 is subtracted and 24 is entered for the next table entry.
A permuter that performs these permutations can be constructed from a register 12, a multiplexer 13 and permutation generator 14, as shown in FIG. 5A. Samples from the sampler are transferred into a shift register 12 that is C1 bits long. When the shift register is full (i.e., when C1 samples have been loaded), as indicated by a controlling counter, the samples stop shifting into the shift register.
Next, the samples are read from the shift register 12 in a permuted sequence. A multiplexer 13 can be used for reading the register in that manner. The multiplexer 13 is connected to


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Rick Scott, Governor
Florida Department of Corrections, Secretary Michael D. Crews
Florida Department of Corrections
Michael D. Crews, Secretary
Executive Summary
Primary Conclusions
 1. For inmates in the study that were released in FY 2001-02, the recommitment rate for the inmates who attended 10 or more sign-in chapel programs per month was 26% less than the recommitment rate for those inmates who did not attend any chapel programs. The data is as of December 31, 2004.
 2. The recommitment rate showed an inverse relationship to the number of times per month that the inmate attended a chapel program. The more the inmates attended a chapel program the smaller the recommitment rate.
 3. The percentage of inmates released who participated in religious programming was at least 13.5% higher than inmates who had no participation in religious programming. (see table on p.7)
 4. There is an inverse relationship between the disciplinary report rate for those inmates that remained incarcerated between 07/07/01 and 12/31/04 and the number of times per month (in the original study period only) that the inmate attended a sign-in chapel program. The more the inmates attended a chapel program the smaller the inmate disciplinary report rate.
 5. Fifty-four percent of inmate respondents to survey questions attributed better behavior (as measured in Disciplinary Reports received) to Chaplaincy Programs. The inmates surveyed were all measured in some capacity in the original study and still remain in custody in a FDC facility. Twenty-six percent of these same inmates duplicated in the "Additional Comments" area of the survey that in their opinion it was the Chaplain, a chapel program or a religious volunteer that was the catalyst for improved behavior. These unsolicited responses provide an indication of the sincerity of the inmate responses.


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|William Loney RN - Background|
|Home-Loney-Background-The Naval Surgeon|
The Royal Naval Hospital, Hong Kong
Hong Kong was first occupied by British forces in early 1841. In April of that year the Navy erected matshed buildings - including store sheds and a naval hospital - on the site that later became the Wellington Barracks, but these were soon destroyed by the typhoon of 22 July. Minden, a third rate sailing ship, was then taken into use as a hospital ship for Navy personnel. The island proved to be very unhealthy, and between May and October 1843, fever killed 24 % of the troops and 10 % of the civilians there. In about 1846 Minden was replaced by Alligator, a sixth rate frigate which had participated in the first Opium War, and in 1857 by Melville, another third rate, which had been Rear-Admiral George Elliot's flagship during the early part of the war. In 1850 the medical staff consisted of a Surgeon and two Assistant Surgeons. In 1856 a Deputy Medical Inspector of Hospitals and Fleets was first appointed as senior medical officer, and in 1860 the medical staff consisted of the Deputy Inspector, a Surgeon & Medical Storekeeper, two Assistant Surgeons and a Chaplain.
In 1873 Melville was sold for HK$35,000 and the money used to purchase the Seaman's Hospital which had been first opened in Wan Chai in 1843 under the charge of Dr Young, who had been surgeon in the Honourable East India Company's iron steamship Nemesis, which had also participated in the Opium War. This water-front hospital, which had been supported financially by Jardine Matheson and Company, the first commercial house in Hong Kong, and had flourished for many years, was by the 1870s running at a loss. A letter from Vice-Admiral Shadwell, the Commander-in-Chief on the China Station, reveals that William Loney, as chief Medical Officer on the station from October 1872 to January 1875, played a large part in the successful move ashore. After this move the medical staff consisted of one Deputy Inspector General, two Surgeons and one Chaplain. The hills on which the hospital - and the later Infectious Diseases Hospital - were built, were given the names Mount Shadwell and Mount Parish respectively (Commodore John E. Parish was the "Naval Officer Commanding" in Hong Kong between 1873 and 1876). The buildings were seriously damaged during the second World War, and after the reoccupation of Hong Kong by the British, two stories in the Queen Mary Hospital, founded in 1937 on the hill above Pokfu Lam Road, were temporarily taken over by the Navy pending a decision on a new naval hospital. In November 1946 the War Memorial Hospital on the Peak (Mount Kellett Road) was taken over and - after considerable refurbishment - taken into use in January 1949. The Ruttonjee Sanatorium, founded by family members in rembrance of Tehmi Ruttonjee-Desai, who died of tuberculosis in 1943, arose on the Mount Shadwell site (at the junction of Kennedy Road and Queen's Road East, now well inland as a result of land reclamation; the name Mount Shadwell does not seem to be in use today); in 1991 this was renamed Ruttonjee Hospital and expanded to a 600 bed general hospital. The Wah Yan College (a Jesuit School) arose on Mount Parish in 1953, and is still there.
Only ten years after it opening, economy measures led to the closure of the new Royal Naval Hospital. The site was incorporated into new Matilda and War Memorial Hospital. The Matilda Hospital had opened in 1907, financed by a bequest from the businessman Granville Sharpe who had arrived in Hong Kong in 1858; it was named for his wife, Matilda Lincolne, who had died a few years previously. Naval patients were subsequently sent to the British Military Hospital, first on Bowen Road (opened about 1905; became a temporary site for the Island School in 1967), and later on Wylie Road, Kowloon. In 1995 the British Military Hospital, in its turn was closed (the Wylie Road building later became a Filipino Workers Development Centre), and responsibility for the health of Navy and Army personnel passed to military and civilian doctors working in the Island Group Practice. In 1997 British control of Hong Kong ended, and the remaining military and naval facilities were transferred to the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
The Royal Naval Hospital, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
Hulks at Hong Kong
|Minden||ex-74||1842||1846||RN Hospital ship||storeship, sold 1861|
|Alligator||ex-28||1848||1854||RN Hospital ship||for use of Canton consulate, sold 1865|
|Melville||ex-74||1857||1873||RN Hospital ship||sold|
|Princess Charlotte||ex-110||1857||1875||RN Receiving ship||sold|
|Meeanee||ex-80 screw||1867||1906||Army hospital ship||sold|
|Victor Emmanuel||ex-91 screw||1875||1899||RN Receiving ship||sold|
|Tamar||ex-troopship||1878||1941||RN Receiving ship||scuttled|


text:
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 106 Cats
|Title||Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 106 Cats: associated structural cardiac disorders|
|Author(s)||E. Cote, R. Jaeger|
|Journal||Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine|
|Abstract||Background: Ventricular tachyarrhythmias occur in association with cardiac and extracardiac disorders in many species of animals, but information identifying concurrent disorders in cats with such arrhythmias is scarce.Methods: We investigated coexisting diseases by retrospectively evaluating medical records of cats with ventricular tachyarrhythmias seen during a 51-month period at 1 institution. For comparative purposes, we evaluated records of dogs with similar arrhythmias during the same time period. All cats and dogs had premature ventricular complexes, accelerated idioventricular rhythm, ventricular tachycardia, or some combination of these arrhythmias, and all had undergone echocardiography during the same visit that led to the diagnosis of ventricular tachyarrhythmia.Results and Conclusions: Most (102/106; 96%) cats had at least 1 echocardiographically apparent abnormality concurrent with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in cats were most commonly associated with myocardial disease (eg, left ventricular concentric hypertrophy [n = 66], restrictive or unclassified cardiomyopathy [n = 17], and dilated cardiomyopathy [n = 6]). When comparing dogs and cats that had ventricular tachyarrhythmias and were diagnosed on the same clinical service of the same institution, an echocardiographically apparent cardiac lesion was seen more often in cats (102/106, 96%) than in dogs (95/138, 69%) (P <.001).|
Using APA 6th Edition citation style.
Times viewed: 64

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


SQL: Password complexity rules for Azure SQL"
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Azure SQL (both Azure SQL Database and Azure SQL Managed Instance) both have different password complexity rules to SQL Server. I was reading an email discussion list and a poster asked where he could find the list of password complexity rules for Azure SQL. I said I'd never seen a list.
Well it turns out that there is a list, but not where you might have thought to look. They're spelled out in this article:
Identify the right Azure SQL Database SKU for your on-premises database (Data Migration Assistant) – SQL Server | Microsoft Docs
To avoid you reading the whole article, at the time of writing, these were the rules for Azure SQL Database:
 - Your password must be at least 8 characters in length and no more than 128 characters in length.
 - Your password must contain characters from three of the following categories – English uppercase letters, English lowercase letters, numbers (0-9), and non-alphanumeric characters (!, $, #, %, etc.).
 - Your password cannot contain all or part of the login name. (Part of a login name is defined as three or more consecutive alphanumeric characters.)
Slightly more confusing is that the article says it's talking about the server admin password, but it also appears that this same list of restrictions applies to all logon/user passwords as well.
Azure SQL Managed Instance is exactly the same except it requires the password to be at least 16 characters in length.
I hope that helps someone, including myself when I next go looking for this.

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SQL Interview: #13: Impact of optimize for adhoc workloads _URL_ _URL_ Mon, 26 Apr 2021 22:00:50 +0000 _URL_ This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren't trick or gotcha questions, they're just questions designed to scope out a candidate's knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database. Section: Server Tuning Level: Advanced Question: SQL Server 2008 introduced a server option for optimize for adhoc workloads. Can you explain the problem … Continue reading "SQL Interview: #13: Impact of optimize for adhoc workloads"
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This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren't trick or gotcha questions, they're just questions designed to scope out a candidate's knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.
Section: Server Tuning
Level: Advanced
Question:
SQL Server 2008 introduced a server option for optimize for adhoc workloads.
Can you explain the problem that it is designed to solve, what most commonly causes the problem, and what impact this option has when you enable it?
Answer:
On a SQL Server, you can end up with a large amount of memory being taken up by query plans that will likely never be used again.
There are two primary causes of this situation:
 - The less common cause is that you have a large number of adhoc queries being executed as one-off queries.
 - The most common cause is that you are using a framework like LINQ that does not handle data typing properly, and causes a large number of query plans to be created for each query. You might also be using lower-level frameworks like ADO.NET incorrectly.
As an example, command objects in ADO.NET have a parameters collection. If you add parameters using the AddWithValue() method, you specify the parameter name, and the value, but you do not specify the data type. The problem with this is that the framework then tries to work out what the data type is, from the value.
This means that if you pass a string like 'Hello', then it might guess nvarchar(5) but if you pass a string like 'Hello There', it might guess nvarchar(11).
The lengths of data types are part of the signature for each query plan. This means that you can easily end up with different query plans for every combination of every length of string that has ever been passed to the query. We call this Plan Cache Pollution.
The correct way to fix this is to avoid ever using methods like AddWithValue() and instead using a method where you specify the data type. The challenge here is that many frameworks like LINQ have this behaviour baked in, and the developer cannot change it.
When the optimize for adhoc workloads option has been set, the first time a query is seen, the hash for the query is stored (so it can be remembered) but the query plan is not stored. The next time the same query is seen, the compiled plan is then stored for reuse.
This avoids the plan cache becoming littered with one-off query plans.

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T-SQL 101: #96 Choosing from alternatives with IIF in SQL Server T-SQL _URL_ _URL_ Sun, 25 Apr 2021 22:00:51 +0000 _URL_ In my last T-SQL 101 post, I described the CASE statement. Until SQL Server 2012, that was the only real option that we had for choosing between alternate values. In SQL Server 2012, Microsoft gave us another option with the IIF function. The IF function is very similar to the IF function in Microsoft Excel. … Continue reading "T-SQL 101: #96 Choosing from alternatives with IIF in SQL Server T-SQL"
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In my last T-SQL 101 post, I described the CASE statement. Until SQL Server 2012, that was the only real option that we had for choosing between alternate values. In SQL Server 2012, Microsoft gave us another option with the IIF function.
The IF function is very similar to the IF function in Microsoft Excel. It takes three parameters:
 - A boolean value to check (normally this is an expression)
 - A value that will be returned if the first parameter is true.
 - A value that will be returned if the first parameter is false.
In the main image above, you can see the equivalent CASE statement and the simplified IF function equivalent.
Nesting
Again similar to how IF works in Excel, you can nest IF functions. For example, you can write:
IF(Size = 'Large', 12, IF(Width = 13, 0, -12))
In this case, we're saying that if the Size is Large, then 12 will be returned. But otherwise, if the Width is 13, then 0 will be returned. In all other cases, -12 will be returned.
Returned Data Type
The function looks at the data type of the second and third parameters (i.e. the values returned for true and false), and chooses the data type with the highest precedence. For example, if the second parameter is an int, and the third parameter is a bigint, then a bigint will be returned no matter which value is chosen.
Learning T-SQL
It's worth your while becoming proficient in SQL. If you'd like to learn a lot about T-SQL in a hurry, our Writing T-SQL Queries for SQL Server course is online, on-demand, and low cost.
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SDU Tools: Weekday Across Years in SQL Server T-SQL _URL_ _URL_ Thu, 22 Apr 2021 22:00:25 +0000 _URL_ Another request that I received a while back, for a new function to our free SDU Tools for developers and DBAs, was to be able to find the day of the week, for the same day and month, over a range of years. A simple example would be to find what day Christmas will be … Continue reading "SDU Tools: Weekday Across Years in SQL Server T-SQL"
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Another request that I received a while back, for a new function to our free SDU Tools for developers and DBAs, was to be able to find the day of the week, for the same day and month, over a range of years. A simple example would be to find what day Christmas will be each year for the next ten years. So we've added a new function WeekdayAcrossYears.
It takes four parameters:
@DayNumber int – day number in the target month
@MonthNumber int – target month number
@FromYear int – starting year
@ToYear int – ending year
The function returns a rowset with YearNumber and WeekDay (in English).
Find out more
You can see it in action in the main image above, and in the video here. The full current version of the code is also shown below:
You can use our tools as a set or as a great example of how to write functions like these.
Access to SD


text:
China has developed flexible solar cells for wearable devices
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences team recently successfully developed a honeycomb-shaped nano-scaffolds, flexible perovskite solar cells prepared therefrom has excellent resistance to bending, can be widely used in various types of wearable devices. Flexible wearable electronic is the future direction of the development of electronic components, power is an important part of it. At present, the power of wearable electronics outdoor use, large area fit and security are more limited.
Researcher Song Yanlin, a researcher at the Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, prepared a honeycomb-like nano-scaffold by nanometer assembly-printing method, which could be used as mechanics buffer layer and optical resonator to greatly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of flexible perovskite solar cells. Mechanical stability. Therefore, the advent of this flexible solar cells, the combination of products and smart wear, will undoubtedly reduce the thickness of smart bracelets, smart watches. Thus changing the charging mode, into the next new era. Smart wearable devices manufactuer-Dongguan Fit-Watch reports.


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Is there any way to get the total page count after selecting multiple word documents in a folder?
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
Hopefully this will enlighten you a little further than the rather brief answer provided by another user.
Simple answer: no.
Detailed answer: A MS Word document only has "pages" once it is generated (i.e. opened). The main reason for this is to do with the page size. For example: if you have three documents under scrutiny, formatted to sizes A5, A4 & A3 respectively, then to count the number of pages collectively would be practically impossible to display in a simple, logical / coherent format.
The only potential way around this is to write some custom software which opens each desired document one after the other, logs the page sizes of each respective document, and then counts the number of pages within each page size category and logs it before closing each document and proceeding to the next.
Hopefully this will be of help to you.
Many thanks.
Adam's response (Nov 22 '12 at 15:08) is also somewhat correct and I feel that I should elaborate on my answer; Word does store a page count for some document types, but not all, as Adam quite rightly states. I chose to treat this factor as an 'all or nothing' property; either it stores a page count for all document types, or none at all. Hence why if you extract the page count property from each document, it may result in incorrect / inaccurate data due to particular file types not being read. This is why my suggestion of custom software would be the best overall option as the data can become stale or inaccurate and not always reflect the facts. This is why it is better to consider Word as not storing any page number properties rather than just some.
I hope this also helps?
share|improve this answer
Thanks for the info. I don't suppose you have a link to any such custom software? – Paul Spangle Nov 20 '12 at 11:57
I'm afraid not; however, the logic behind the software should not be too difficult to implement. The software is required to look in a directory, locate all.doc /.docx files and then from there, open the document, log the number of pages (if you wish to include page size here, it will require more detailed analysis of the document), add the total to a running count for each page size, then close the document and move onto the next until all have been analysed. – SnookerFan Nov 20 '12 at 15:09
_USER_ please don't harass users to accept an answer, and please don't abuse flags to ask moderators to do so on your behalf. The choice to select an answer is entirely the user's; if they don't want to select an answer, they don't have to. I'm sure it's no coincidence that your sudden and intense interest in this user marking their solution is not coincidental. Don't worry about 15 points - just acknowledge that sometimes people don't mark an accepted answer, and your time is better spent writing new answers than begging for a checkmark on an answer from a year ago. – nhinkle Oct 21 '13 at 8:46
Not coincidental in relation to what, exactly? – SnookerFan Oct 21 '13 at 10:12
Has this worked? – SnookerFan Nov 22 '13 at 10:16
This same question came up at work and Google brought me here. There isn't a way to select the documents in Windows Explorer and obtain a page count, but there are other methods that might provide a good enough estimate.
I'm thinking of trying out this PowerShell script: Hey, Scripting Guy! How Do I Count the Number of Pages in a Group of Office Word Documents? For an end user I would set up a shortcut and maybe prompt for the folder location.
share|improve this answer
SnookerFan's detailed answer is a little off, Microsoft Word does store the number of pages in a document as a document property when the document is saved. This value is what shows up in the explorer when you view the properties of the file and it should be correct 99% of the time although I'm sure there are some situations where the value of this property could become stale and incorrect.
Therefore you could create a simple application and even make it into a shell plugin to query this property and add the values together.
One thing to keep in mind is this property is displayed for DOC and DOCX documents but isn't for RTF format even though it is written to the RTF document (represented by the {\nofpagesX} keyword).
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Occupational Science: Bridging Occupation and Health
Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy (Impact Factor: 0.92). 03/2005; 72(1):5-12. DOI: 10.1177/000841740507200105
Source: PubMed
BACKGROUND: The paper is based on a keynote address delivered at the 2004 CAOT Conference in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island Occupational therapists are widely associated with a medical model of health care in which recognition of how engagement in occupation contributes to health status is poorly understood. Occupational science as the study of people as occupational beings has the potential to increase such understanding. PURPOSE: This paper considers some aspects of the relationship between health and the occupations of older people to highlight avenues for change and the research required to support them. METHOD: The paper is structured around a simple verse of dialogue between a healthy old man and an occupational therapist. Explanation of the dialogue draws upon historical and current literature as well as occupational science research to provide a rationale for future practice based on broader concepts of occupation for health. RESULTS AND PRACTICE SUGGESTIONS: The dialogue promotes the need for discussion about health and about the health notion of Active Ageing. It highlights professional language as one impediment to change and suggests that research concerning occupation as it relates to population health is a primary requirement for the future of occupational therapy.
80 Reads
 - Source
 - "Ann Allart Wilcock examined the relationship between occupation and health in depth, suggesting that existing knowledge has not been sufficient to explain the complexity of occupational engagement and its impact on human wellbeing. She argued that an occupational perspective improves understanding of health and wellbeing (Wilcock 2005a, 2005b) and developed theories in the field of occupational science, applying them to occupational therapy, health promotion and social justice (Wilcock 2006). "
 [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
 ABSTRACT: Introduction: Ann Wilcock's published work identifies the fundamental importance of occupation in promoting health, wellbeing and even survival. Despite the implications for occupational therapy, the impact of her work has not been comprehensively explored. This research investigated how her ideas were used in published research from 1993 to 2007. Method and findings: Mixed methods obtained two sets of data. First, qualitative data from a textual analysis of Wilcock's published work were analysed and used to create a glossary and a conceptual framework of her ideas. Secondly, content analysis of 48 research papers yielded 121 citations, which were coded into categories. The findings indicated that her ideas did not appear to be embraced fully by other authors and were sometimes applied superficially. Discussion: The conceptual framework was refined and finalised, to demonstrate how Wilcock's ideas are interrelated. It is presented as a means of developing an accessible occupational perspective for research and practice.
 04/2013; 76(4):179-185. DOI:10.4276/030802213X13651610908416
 - Source
 - "The four main risk factors for fall involved in the in-depth fall assessment of the PHV protocol seem relevant since we also identified one or more of these risk factors among those assessed as having a risk of falling. Also, decreased ability to perform meaningful activities in life is known to negatively influence health [53]. Questions assessing considerable changes in the patterns of activities were therefore considered important to involve in the protocol. "
 [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
 ABSTRACT: The purpose of preventive home visits is to promote overall health and wellbeing in old age. The aim of this paper was to describe the process of the development of evidence-based preventive home visits, targeting independent community-living older persons. The evidence base was generated from published studies and practical experiences. The results demonstrate that preventive home visits should be directed to persons 80 years old and older and involve various professional competences. The visits should be personalized, lead to concrete interventions, and be followed up. The health areas assessed should derive from a broad perspective and include social, psychological, and medical aspects. Core components in the protocol developed in this study captured physical, medical, psychosocial, and environmental aspects. Results of a pilot study showed that the protocol validly identified health risks among older people with different levels of ADL dependence.
 Journal of aging research 01/2012; 2012(2):352942. DOI:10.1155/2012/352942
 - Source
 - "The material clarified how the participants found resources through the theatre production to change destructive occupational patterns and use and develop their capacities. Wilcock (2004) clarified how creativity provides possibilities to shape and bring new characters into existence. Participants received tools to express their frustrations as well as hopes for the future. "
 [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
 ABSTRACT: This article focuses on theatre as an occupation for asylum seekers living in immigration centres. The aim is to describe the engagement of asylum seekers in a theatre production that presented their experiences. The participants (n = 11, M = 7, F = 4) came from a Norwegian reception centre for people seeking asylum and originated from Asia and Africa. The study had an ethnographic design and used participatory observations. Data was analysed using an interpretative method. The findings identified themes of waiting for a future, making narrative turning points, becoming visible through participation and creating meeting places with possibilities through theatre. The discussion addresses how engagement in theatre might serve to liberate people in locked situations, how participation in such occupations creates relational aesthetics that can construct collaboration and social relations, and how the stories of life experts can create art expressions in the context of applied theatre without being a professional artist.
 Journal of Occupational Science 08/2010; 17(3-3):168-176. DOI:10.1080/_PHONE_.2010._PHONE_
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François Sellier
Titles by This Author
A Comparison of France and Germany
The Social Foundations of Industrial Power challenges the theory of industrial convergence, which maintains that as societies become more modern, they develop increasingly similar industrial structures and industrial relations and "converge" to resemble a single model of the advanced industrial society.The book opens by analyzing the considerable differences between the pay scales for direct labor in French and German industry. It then takes up and summarizes the results of the authors' research into such questions as: How has the wage-labor relation developed in each society?


text:
scala> df.rdd.getNumPartitions res6: Int = 8 scala> df.coalesce(1).rdd.getNumPartitions res7: Int = 1 scala> df.coalesce(1).explain(extended = true) == Parsed Logical Plan == Repartition 1, false +- LocalRelation [value#1] == Analyzed Logical Plan == value: int Repartition 1, false +- LocalRelation [value#1] == Optimized Logical Plan == Repartition 1, false +- LocalRelation [value#1] == Physical Plan == Coalesce 1 +- LocalTableScan [value#1]
CoalesceExec represents Repartition logical operator at execution (when shuffle was disabled — see BasicOperators execution planning strategy). When executed, it executes the input
child and calls coalesce on the result RDD (with
Please note that since physical operators present themselves without the suffix Exec,
CoalesceExec is the
Coalesce in the Physical Plan section in the following example:
output collection of Attribute matches the
CoalesceExec is about changing the number of partitions not the internal representation).


This is a more advanced grammar question. Please tell me what the technical meaning is:
It is claimed that this radio advertising was for the benefit of Miss Jean Tennyson, one of the singers on the program, who in private life is Mrs. Camille Dreyfus, the wife of the president of the company and one of its directors.
I am interested in the last part of the sentence. Grammatically, does this sentence mean that Dreyfus is both the wife and a director? The intended meaning is that the president is also one of the directors, but I am interested as to whether the sentence actually means this.
Well, I read it to mean that Jean is 1 Mrs. Dreyfus, 2 the president's wife 3 a director. In other words, I see this as a list of 3 things.
I can see how the other interpretation might be possible, but it would seem to me like a very awkward way to write the sentence if such were the intended meaning.
Best wishes, Clive
No, Mrs. Dreyfus was both Mr. Dreyfus' wife, and a director of the company.


text:
Baie des Chaleurs: Home to a very rare butterfly
Maritime ringlet (Photo by NCC)
The Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC) is protecting a three-hectare (seven-acre) property on the Baie des Chaleurs in the Gaspé Peninsula.
A butterfly found only in Baie des Chaleur
This natural environment is the home to a rare butterfly, the maritime ringlet. This endangered species is endemic to the Baie des Chaleurs, which means that it is only found in certain habitats around this bay in Quebec and New Brunswick.
Maritime ringlet is an inconspicuous butterfly, with fragile wings that are easily damaged by rain and wind. It is highly selective, laying its eggs on a host plant that is exclusive to the maritime: salt-meadow cord grass.
This butterfly's habitat is, as a result, very specific, and is restricted and severely threatened by the encroachment of human activity.
The maritime ringlet population in the Nouvelle River salt marshes is the largest of the species.
Several at-risk species
In addition to maritime ringlet, the Nouvelle River salt marshes also host several at-risk bird species. Among them are short-eared owl, yellow rail, Barrow's goldeneye and peregrine falcon, all of which are species of concern according to the Species at Risk Act.
This NCC property is also a nesting site for Nelson's sharp-tailed sparrow, a small passerine found only in North America and is at risk according to Quebec's Act Respecting Threatened or Vulnerable Species.
The conservation of this property was made possible through financial support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Government of Canada's Natural Areas Conservation Program and the Fondation de la faune du Québec.


text:
Monday, June 5, 2017
Ham Radio on Northwest Passage Journey
A 150-day voyage from Toronto to Victoria, British Columbia, via the Northwest Passage may be tracked via ham radio WSPR (Weak Signal Propagation Reporter) signals. The trip, named Canada C3, is part of that nation's celebration this year of its 150th anniversary.
According to Southgate Amateur Radio News, the organizers allowed a team of hams led by Barrie Crampton, VE3BSB, to install a WSPR beacon on board the vessel, as part of a package of science experiments and research projects being carried out as the ship makes its way through the Arctic along the world's longest coastline. A live tracking link, provided by QRP-labs, may be found online at <_URL_


text:
Two vowels. List of 20845 words that have 2 vowels. Find 2 vowels by vowels, syllables, origin and more.
Two vowels. List of 35,013 words that have 2 vowels in a row. Add length, consonants, vowels, syllables, origin, spelling and more. View word search examples.
Nine letter words, and two vowels. List of 1132 words that are 9 letter words and 2 vowels.. Show with prefix and suffix options, only if it has a root word.
Words (found in major English dictionaries) consisting entirely of vowels include AA (a type of lava), AE, AI, AIEEE, IAO, OII, EAU, EUOUAE, OE, OO, I, O, A, IO, and UOIAUAI, the last of these being the longest vowel–only word (seven letters).
There are many cases in which two vowels regularly â€œgo walking,â€ including ai, au, ea, ee, ei, ie, oa, eo, oi, oo, ou, and ui. And the first vowel is often the one that â€œdoes the talking,â€ as represented in words like green, sea, hair, coat, clean, rain, and peach.
The word "came" has 2 vowels, but the "e" is silent, leaving one vowel sound andone syllable. The word "outside" has 4 vowels, but the "e" is silent and the "ou" is a diphthong which counts as only one sound, so this word has only two vowels sounds and therefore, two syllables.
(see addenda* for longer words with more vowels). Addenda: fairly long words with only a few vowels: two vowels, three vowels, four, five. first-class.
Words Without Vowels. 2-Letter Words (5 found). by · hm · mm · my · sh. 3-Letter Words (34 found). brr · bys · cry · cwm · dry · fly · fry · grr · gym · gyp · hmm · hyp.


Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
Get Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy essential facts below. View Videos or join the Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy discussion. Add Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS, sometimes referred to as TDLS, TLS or TLAS[1]) is a technique for measuring the concentration of certain species such as methane, water vapor and many more, in a gaseous mixture using tunable diode lasers and laser absorption spectrometry.[] The advantage of TDLAS over other techniques for concentration measurement is its ability to achieve very low detection limits (of the order of ppb). Apart from concentration, it is also possible to determine the temperature, pressure, velocity and mass flux of the gas under observation.[2][3] TDLAS is by far the most common laser based absorption technique for quantitative assessments of species in gas phase.
A basic TDLAS setup consists of a tunable diode laser light source, transmitting (i.e. beam shaping) optics, optically accessible absorbing medium, receiving optics and detector/s. The emission wavelength of the tunable diode laser, viz. VCSEL, DFB, etc., is tuned over the characteristic absorption lines of a species in the gas in the path of the laser beam. This causes a reduction of the measured signal intensity due to absorption, which can be detected by a photodiode, and then used to determine the gas concentration and other properties as described later.[4]
Different diode lasers are used based on the application and the range over which tuning is to be performed. Typical examples are InGaAsP/InP (tunable over 900 nm to 1.6 ?m), InGaAsP/InAsP (tunable over 1.6 ?m to 2.2 ?m), etc. These lasers can be tuned by either adjusting their temperature or by changing injection current density into the gain medium. While temperature changes allow tuning over 100 cm-1, it is limited by slow tuning rates (a few hertz), due to the thermal inertia of the system. On the other hand, adjusting the injection current can provide tuning at rates as high as ~10 GHz, but it is restricted to a smaller range (about 1 to 2 cm-1) over which the tuning can be performed. The typical laser linewidth is of the order of 10-3 cm-1 or smaller. Additional tuning, and linewidth narrowing, methods include the use of extracavity dispersive optics.[5]
Basic principles
Concentration measurement
The basic principle behind the TDLAS technique is simple. The focus here is on a single absorption line in the absorption spectrum of a particular species of interest. To start, the wavelength of a diode laser is tuned over a particular absorption line of interest and the intensity of the transmitted radiation is measured. The transmitted intensity can be related to the concentration of the species present by the Beer-Lambert law, which states that when a radiation of wavenumber passes through an absorbing medium, the intensity variation along the path of the beam is given by,[6]
is the transmitted intensity of the radiation after it has traversed a distance through the medium,
is the initial intensity of the radiation,
is the absorbance of the medium,
is the absorption cross-section of the absorbing species,
is the number density of the absorbing species,
is the line strength (i.e. the total absorption per molecule) of the absorbing species at temperature,
is the lineshape function for the particular absorption line. Sometimes also represented by,
is the center frequency of the spectrum.
Temperature measurement
The above relation requires that the temperature of the absorbing species is known. However, it is possible to overcome this difficulty and measure the temperature simultaneously. There are number of ways to measure the temperature. A widely applied method, which can measure the temperature simultaneously, uses the fact that the line strength is a function of temperature alone. Here two different absorption lines for the same species are probed while sweeping the laser across the absorption spectrum, the ratio of the integrated absorbance, is then a function of temperature alone.
is some reference temperature at which the line strengths are known,
is the difference in the lower energy levels involved in the transitions for the lines being probed.
Another way to measure the temperature is by relating the FWHM of the probed absorption line to the Doppler line width of the species at that temperature. This is given by,
is the weight of one molecule of the species, and
is the molecular weight of the species.
Note: In the last expression, is in kelvins and is in g/mol. However, this method can be used, only when the gas pressure is low (of the order of few mbar). At higher pressures (tens of millibars or more), pressure or collisional broadening becomes important and the lineshape is no longer a function of temperature alone.
Velocity measurement
The effect of a mean flow of the gas in the path of the laser beam can be seen as a shift in the absorption spectrum, also known as Doppler shift. The shift in the frequency spectrum is related to the mean flow velocity by,
is the angle between the flow direction and the laser beam direction.
Note : is not same as the one mentioned before where it refers to the width of the spectrum. The shift is usually very small (3×10-5 cm-1 ms-1 for near-IR diode laser) and the shift-to-width ratio is of the order of 10-4.
Limitations and means of improvement
The main disadvantage of absorption spectrometry (AS) as well as laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) in general is that it relies on a measurement of a small change of a signal on top of a large background. Any noise introduced by the light source or the optical system will deteriorate the detectability of the technique. The sensitivity of direct absorption techniques is therefore often limited to an absorbance of ~10-3, far away from the shot noise level, which for single pass direct AS (DAS) is in the 10-7 - 10-8 range. Since this is insufficient for many types of applications, AS is seldom used in its simplest mode of operation.
There are basically two ways to improve on the situation; one is to reduce the noise in the signal, the other is to increase the absorption. The former can be achieved by the use of a modulation technique, whereas the latter can be obtained by placing the gas inside a cavity in which the light passes through the sample several times, thus increasing the interaction length. If the technique is applied to trace species detection, it is also possible to enhance the signal by performing detection at wavelengths where the transitions have larger line strengths, e.g. using fundamental vibrational bands or electronic transitions.
Modulation techniques
Modulation techniques make use of the fact that technical noise usually decreases with increasing frequency (which is why it is often referred to as 1/f noise) and improve the signal to noise ratio by encoding and detecting the absorption signal at a high frequency, where the noise level is low. The most common modulation techniques are wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and frequency modulation spectroscopy (FMS).
In WMS the wavelength of the light is continuously scanned across the absorption profile, and the signal is detected at a harmonic of the modulation frequency.
In FMS, the light is modulated at a much higher frequency but with a lower modulation index. As a result, a pair of sidebands separated from the carrier by the modulation frequency appears, giving rise to a so-called FM-triplet. The signal at the modulation frequency is a sum of the beat signals of the carrier with each of the two sidebands. Since these two sidebands are fully out of phase with each other, the two beat signals cancel in the absence of absorbers. However, an alteration of any of the sidebands, either by absorption or dispersion, or a phase shift of the carrier, will give rise to an unbalance between the two beat signals, and therefore a net-signal.
Although in theory baseline-free, both modulation techniques are usually limited by residual amplitude modulation (RAM), either from the laser or from multiple reflections in the optical system (etalon effects). If these noise contributions are held low, the sensitivity can be brought into the 10-5 - 10-6 range or even better.
In general the absorption imprints are generated by a straight line light propagation through a volume with the specific gas. To further enhance the signal, the pathway of the light travel can be increased with multi-pass cells. There is however a variety of the WMS-technique that utilizes the narrow line absorption from gases for sensing even when the gases are situated in closed compartments (e.g. pores) inside solid materia. The technique is referred to as gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS).
Cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometry (CEAS)
External cavities can either be of multi-pass type, i.e. Herriott or White cells, of nonresonant type (off-axis alignment), or of resonant type, most often working as a Fabry-Pérot (FP) etalon. Multi-pass cells, which typically can provide an enhanced interaction length of up to ~2 orders of magnitude, are nowaday common together with TDLAS.
Resonant cavities can provide a much larger path length enhancement, in the order of the finesse of the cavity, F,


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This fully-illustrated, highly-informative, and fun primer presents a whole new way to know and enjoy any type of coffee. In the same format as the highly-praised Wine Isn't Rocket Science.
Rocket science is complicated, coffee doesn't have to be! With information presented in an easy, illustrated style, and chock-full of the fool-proof and reliable knowledge of a seasoned barista, COFFEE ISN'T ROCKET SCIENCE is the guide you always wished existed. From how coffee beans are grown, harvested and turned into coffee, the history and flavor profiles of beans from every country, making pour-overs, cold brew, and latte art, and the cultural practices of drinking coffee around the world, this book explains it all in the simplest way possible. All information is illustrated in charming and informative four-color drawings that explain concepts at a glance.


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The crash of a MiG-21 Bison and the death of a pilot is yet another chapter in the troubled history of an aircraft that has been in the headlines for all the wrong reasons in recent times.
In today's crash, the aircraft involved was the modified MiG 21 Bison which crashed while landing at the Uttarlai Airbase in western Rajasthan, killing the pilot.
By the Defence Minister's own admission in March this year, there have been 29 fighter aircraft crashes over the last three years, of which 12 have been MiG 21s.
The Indian Air Force has been unable to replace the MiG 21. AFP
The MiG 21 Bison is an upgraded version of the MiG 21, which was dubbed the 'flying coffin' after a spate of crashes that killed its pilots. However it forms a major part of the Indian Air Force's fighter jet squadron.
A Times of India article documenting the history of the MiG-21 in the Indian Air Force speaks of how a price advantage coupled with the fighter aircraft's agility was what prompted the entry of the MiG-21 into the Indian Air Force. There are now over 1,200 such craft in the Air force fleet.
The article also documents why despite glowing praises from pilots who have operated them, the aircraft is a subject of controversy. Since 1971-72, as many as 380 of the 872 MiG 21s inducted in the IAF have crashed – a number constituting 43 percent of the fleet.
However, despite the controversy surrounding the aircraft, the delay in the purchase of 126 Rafale fighters and the development of the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft has meant that the upgraded version of the MiG 21 including the Bison, will remain operational till 2019, the Hindu had reported.
Air Chief Marshal NAK Browne was quoted as saying that of the 874 MiG-21s bought since 1964, 264 are still operational and with a new radar system and aiming-navigation system the aircraft was good enought for use till 2019.
The Bison variant of the MiG 21 will continue to form a major element of the Indian Air Force's fighting force and despite the controversies will continue to play a major role in the years to come, until its replacements arrive.


Here the electron-phonon Holstein model with Rashba spin-orbit interaction is studied for a two-dimensional square lattice in the adiabatic limit. It is demonstrated that a delocalized electron at zero spin-orbit coupling localizes into a large polaron state as soon as the Rashba term is nonzero. This spin-orbit induced polaron state has localization length inversely proportional to the Rashba coupling gamma and it dominates a wide region of the gamma-lambda phase diagram, where lambda is the electron-phonon interaction.


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Ayeyawady dolphin found inhabiting near Ywathit Village in Pakokku
26 November 2020 - Source: The Global New Light of Myanmar
An Ayeyawady dolphin is found to be inhabiting near Ywathit Village in Pakokku Township in Magway Region.
"I am a fisherman. The dolphins inhabit mostly on the riverbanks, most of which are the habitats of the fish. The dolphins are used to consuming only the tails of the fish instead of the head. What is strange with the dolphins is that they are mammals. We found only one dolphin inhabiting near our village, said U Myint Htway, a fisherman from Oakkyaung Village in Pakokku Township.
"We have found the dolphin in the Ayeyawady River, east of Ywathit Village at the end of October 2020. Our village administrators near the Ayeyawady River are taking care of the dolphins. We have also prohibited illegal fishing such as electrofishing because the dolphins are endangered species. We will also take legal action if we find the fishermen using the illegal fishing methods," said U Win Kyaw Oo, the head of Oakkyaung Village.
The number of the dolphins in the river has dropped to just over 70 after six of them died in the past seven months, according to the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS-Myanmar). The Ayeyawady dolphins have mostly been killed by electrofishing. The dolphins take a long time to reproduce in their natural habitat. —Salai Ko Ki (IPRD) (Translated by Hay Mar)


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Loan default rates lower in rural communities
It's often said there are no secrets in a small town.
But if the "everyone knows everyone" aspect of small towns has its drawbacks, it may also have a clear upside: well-informed financial transactions.
According to new research by University of Kansas School of Business professor Bob DeYoung, small business loans originated by rural banks default much less frequently than loans originated by urban banks. More specifically, default rates are lowest for the most rural banks, in the most rural communities, and for banks that are located nearest to their customers. In other words, as "ruralness" increases, so does the success rate of bank loans.
DeYoung concludes that this is because rural banks have more access to so-called "soft information" and personal relationships with customers than do urban banks, and because rural communities have higher levels of social capital (i.e. trust, shared networks and cultural similarities) than urban communities. Together, soft information and social capital overcome the fact that there often isn't much hard data on small-business borrowers in rural communities.
"Everyone knows everyone in a small town," DeYoung says, "and that leads to well-informed lending agreements between rural banks and rural businesses. The more rural a bank and community, and the closer the bank is to the customer, the more likely the loan agreement will be successful. Why? Because personal relationships and local expertise matter, and those things can overcome the lack of hard information a lender might have about a small-business client."
As DeYoung explains, commercial banks have always relied on both hard and soft information in deciding whether to make a business loan. But in rural communities, hard data about borrower creditworthiness can be hard to come by. For example, small rural businesses are less likely to have audited financial statements, which reduces the amount of hard data about their creditworthiness. Additionally, the resale market for fixed investments and specialized assets is thin, which makes it difficult to know the value of seized collateral in the case of loan default.
But while hard information is lacking in rural communities, DeYoung says, soft information and social capital are not.
"The social and civic underpinnings of rural commerce are different from those in metro markets," he says. "Rural communities are closer-knit than urban communities, and these personal informational networks extend into the rural business community as well. This gives rural banks a costless endowment of soft information about local businesses and entrepreneurs. Rural banks clearly use this information well, as evidenced by the low default rates on their loans."
DeYoung uses data on 18,000 U.S. Small Business Administration loans originated between 1984 and 2001. These data provide a good test of the value of soft information and lending relationships because SBA borrowers tend to be smaller, younger and more credit-challenged than other small businesses, and because loans during this time period were originated largely before the advent of small business credit scoring and securitization.
DeYoung's findings are important because they help answer the question that has perplexed observers for years: How do rural banks continue to exist when decades-old trends in banking consolidation and urbanization suggest these banks should be disappearing?
"There are two major trends that you'd think would mean the death of rural banks," DeYoung says. "First, the banking industry continues to consolidate. Second, rural economies continue to become smaller and more volatile. And on top of this, nearly all rural banks operate below minimum efficient scale. So based on these factors, you'd think that rural banks would be closing their doors, right? But that's not the case. In fact, 59 percent of remaining banks are located in rural counties, places that account for only 21 percent of the U.S. population. Our findings help explain why."
More broadly, DeYoung's conclusions have implications for elected officials and policymakers aiming to channel credit to small businesses.
"For new and small businesses, access to credit is crucial to their survival," he says. "Of course, contracting with these businesses is risky for lenders, which means lenders must be expert in identifying the creditworthiness of these small businesses. Thus, a key question for researchers and policymakers is, 'Which lenders, and which lending practices, are best at lending to new businesses?' Our research suggests that rural community banks have a comparative advantage when it comes to lending to small businesses, and it's because of soft information and social capital."
Date: 12/03/2012
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What is it about soapy water that knocks house flies right out of the air? <_URL_
In case you want to know why, I use the flies to feed the plants. <_URL_
I'd rather not use soap (for the plants), but plain water doesn't work. <_URL_
How does a single soap drop of "flak" incapacitate a housefly? Do you think the dish soap is bad or good for the plants?


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Successful Presentations in English is a video-led course with accompanying coursebook. It can be used in class, or for self-study.
Successful Presentations teaches students the skills they need for effective and confident communication in presentations in English. Successful Presentations guides the student step-by-step towards creating and delivering a successful presentation, from planning to conclusion. Video clips illustrate the skills in action. Specialist coach Andrew Mallett lends his expertise in presenting and in business communication to the series, providing expert analysis for each clip.
The communication skills taught in the video and accompanying tasks can help both native and non-native users of English with their presentations. The language exercises in the coursebook are suitable for learners of English of an intermediate level or above.
There are eight units which cover different aspects of the skill, such as preparing a presentation, using visual aids, and handling questions.
1. Preparing for a presentation
2. Structuring your presentation
3. Introducing your presentation
4. Delivering your message
5. Using visual aids
7. Handling questions
8. Bringing it alive!
Kapcsolódó link:Successful Presentations Kiadványok listázása megrendeléshez...


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The primary role of the spartan woman was to bear children for the state the spartan woman could choose her own husband. Women in ancient athens: a primary source roles in athenian society are often important that herodotus relates the example of the spartan king . Ancient greece- athens and sparta short look at the history and lives of athens and sparta study play spartan society looked at the role of women differently.
The role of women in spartan society to the battle of leuctra 371 bc • powell "the citizen women of sparta were believed to lead unusual. Helen was said to have been the most beautiful woman in greece and spartan women in general enjoyed society like all greek societies sparta was dominated by male . Unlike other greek city states, women played an integral role in spartan society as they were the backbone of the spartan economic system of inheritance and marriage dowry and they were relied upon to fulfill their main responsibility of producing spartan warrior sons these principle economic .
Bred for battle—understanding ancient sparta's military machine loss was salved by the tributes of a society who exalted the spartan women, . Athenian women of ancient greek society presented to the audience and readers the ideal condition of greek society wives and women were expected to remain . No myth about sparta is as persistent and controversial as the claim that pederasty and homosexuality dominated spartan society in sparta women's sexuality . Spartan society stretched the envelope for women, i would really like to ask you some questions about the article on gender in ancient sparta, .
The role and status of woman in spartan society woman in spartan society had much more power, influence and freedom then those in other neighbouring greek states woman in other greek areas were given manual tasks of making clothes, and harvesting crops. Sparta was a warrior society in ancient greece that reached the height of its power after defeating rival city-state athens in the peloponnesian war (431-404 bc) spartan culture was centered on loyalty to the state and military service. Spartan women the women in sparta were very powerful and enjoyed many freedoms expected to raise strong children, spartan women were, themselves, . Sparta and spartan society came essay paper history 113 sparta was filled with powerful men and women sparta was the head of the new peloponnesian league.
Lycurgus' reforms and the spartan society spartan women had a role in the early education of infants prior to the state taking formal control at age seven. Spartan culture like most things in sparta was focused on women and children the spartan society was based on the constitution and was ruled by a . Ancient writers on sparta hsc there were admirers of spartan society as well especially on their constitution and on the role of women in their society.
Review opinions on the online debate spartan society is a better society than the athenian society debates spartan women that more rights than the male . In aristotle's politics, book 2, chapter ix, aristotle makes a clear connection between the dominant role of women and spartan society as having a connotation of lawlessness at the same time, aristotle's other statements about women show his slant towards women.
Spartan society ancient - spartan women could mingle freely with murray 'military ethos and spartan educational systems produced a society which no longer . Comparing lives of athenian and they did not get much knowledge of house-duties as athenian women had because education in spartan society spartan women . History, the spartan society - polis of sparta my account polis of sparta essay polis of sparta essay length: and the role of women in sparta, . Bred for battle—understanding ancient sparta's military machine religion did occupy a central role in this warrior society spartan women, .


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Akito Van Troyer - Electronics
Oliver Jan - Violin
Performed at the Eyedrum in Atlanta as part of Listening Machines 2009
This piece takes a geometric approach to analyze violin sound, generate visual representation, and synthesize audio signal. Information such as pitch, volume, and timbre from violin sound is used to construct the Voronoi diagram which is then used to generate image. Information that is generated by the Voronoi diagram is further passed down to synthesize sound that accompanies the violin player.


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a stage in the individual development, or ontogeny, of an ancestral form, in which characters that are typical of adult descendants are manifested. The term was introduced in paleontology in 1901 by A. P. Pavlov, who described the prophetic phase in the development of the suture line of the shell in certain Mesozoic ammonites. He concluded that ontogeny may anticipate phylogeny as well as recapitulate it.
The prophetic phase is a result of the suppression of late stages of development in the course of evolution and the manifestation in the adult state of features that are characteristic of early stages in the development of ancestors. The outcome of the prophetic phase is a gradual shift of embryonal changes in ancestors to later stages of development in descendants.


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The direct interface of fluid power components to digital computers requires electrohydraulic devices which can be actuated by a digital signal. High speed solenoid valves are devices ideally suited for this kind of application due to their on/off characteristics. In the last two decades, considerable research has been focused on developing fast responding on/off valves and this research has achieved some success. The fastest responding valves that have been reported are usually single stage and can only handle low flow rates. Two stage valves which can accommodate high flow rates have been developed, but they are either slow in responding or complicated in construction.
In this paper, the feasibility of a rotary based, single stage, fast responding digital valve is considered. The feasibility study consisted of developing a nonlinear model of the valve from which transient and steady state responses were simulated. Based on these simulation studies, a prototype valve was designed and fabricated. The configuration of the valve is introduced in this paper. Some preliminary experimental results of the testing of this valve are presented.


text: The database is organized in two section: labeled and unlabeled graphs. Both labeled and unlabeled graphs have been randomly generated according to six different generation models, each involving different possible parameter settings. As a result, 168 diverse kinds of graphs are contained in the database. Each type of unlabeled graph is represented by thousands of pairs of graphs for which an isomorphism or a graph-subgraph isomorphism relation holds, for a total of 143,600 graphs. Furthermore, each type of labeled graph is represented by thousands of pairs of graphs holding a not trivial common subgraph, for a total of 166,000 graphs.


Mount Longonot.
Mount Longonot is a stratovolcano located southeast of Lake Naivasha in the Great Rift Valley of Kenya, Africa. It is thought to have last erupted in the 1860s. Its name is derived from the Maasai word Oloonong'ot, meaning "mountains of many spurs" or "steep ridges".
Mount Longonot is protected by Kenya Wildlife Service as part of Mount Longonot National Park. A 3.1 km trail runs from the park entrance up to the crater rim and continues in a 7.2 km loop encircling the crater.
The whole tour (gate-around the rim-gate) of 13.5 km takes about 4–5 hours allowing for necessary rest breaks – parts of the trail are heavily eroded and very steep. The gate is around 2150 m asl and the peak at 2780 m all but following the jagged rim involves substantially more than the 630 m vertical difference.
Flora and fauna
A forest of small trees covers the crater floor, and small steam vents are found spaced around the walls of the crater. The mountain is home to various species of wildlife, notably plains zebra, giraffe, Thomson's gazelle, buffaloes and hartebeest. African leopards have also been reported but are extremely difficult to spot.
Mount Longonot is 60 kilometres northwest of Nairobi and may be reached from there by a tarmac road. A nearby town is also named Longonot. The Longonot satellite earth station is located south of the mountain.
Longonot is a stratovolcano which contains a large 8 x 12 km caldera formed by vast eruptions of trachytic lava some 21,000 years ago. The current summit cone was developed within the earlier caldera.
This cone itself is capped by a 1.8 km crater. The Mountain has several parasitic cones and effusive lava eruptions occur on the flanks and within the caldera floor. Periodic geodetic activity recorded at Longonot in 2004–2006 demonstrated the presence of active magmatic systems beneath this volcano.
Notable Events
On March 21, 2009 Brush Fires burned up the side of the mountain and descended into the crater, trapping wildlife and feeding on a drought-ravaged brush.


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March 15, 2012
Contact: John Ascenzi, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Phone: _PHONE_, _EMAIL_
A CHOP researcher is leading a collaborative, federally funded study to help veterans and active-duty service members better deal with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related conditions. The project, involving scientists from CHOP and Penn Medicine, aims to discover new treatments as well as to identify biomarkers—measurable biological substances such as hormone levels—that indicate a person's resilience to stress. Their findings may also have the potential to benefit a broader group of patients, including children and families dealing with stress-related health problems.
Seema Bhatnagar, Ph.D., a neuroscientist in CHOP's Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, is the principal investigator of a $3.5 million grant from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), part of the U.S. Department of Defense. Dr. Bhatnagar is collaborating with scientists from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in studying patients from the Philadelphia VA Medical Center and other military institutions.
Dr. Bhatnagar and her colleagues at CHOP's Stress Neurobiology Division have researched how differences in brain circuitry affect how animals react to stressful situations. They performed some of this preclinical work in earlier phases of the DARPA grant. Their new study aims to continue to validate their findings in animal models and to translate their basic science findings into human populations. For example, they are studying whether biomarkers may help predict which people are more likely to be resistant to developing PTSD when exposed to chronic stress.
"We are studying how to improve stress resilience in military personnel," said Dr. Bhatnagar. "Our goal is to identify novel treatments for stress, particularly for PTSD. Our findings may apply to people in non-military situations as well."
In addition to its Division of Stress Neurobiology, CHOP has clinical resources devoted to stress. For instance, multidisciplinary researchers at CHOP's Center for Pediatric Traumatic Stress develop medical interventions for stress-related problems in children and families who have experienced car crashes and serious illnesses.
To read the Penn Medicine press release about this new stress resilience study, click here: _URL_
To read about CHOP's Center for Pediatric Traumatic Stress, click here: _URL_