text:
Most western nations advance the clock ahead 1 hour during summer months. This period is called daylight saving time. This period lasts from 1st Sunday in april to last Sunday in October in most of the united states, mexico and canada. The nations of EU observe daylight saving time but they call it summer time period. This period begins a week earlier than its north American counterpart but ends at the same time.
On Error Resume Next causes execution to continue with the statement immediately following the statement that caused the run-time error, or with the statement immediately following the most recent call out of the procedure containing the On Error Resume Next statement. This statement allows execution to continue despite a run-time error. You can place the error-handling routine where the error would occur rather than transferring control to another location within the procedure. An On Error Resume Next statement becomes inactive when another procedure is called, so you should execute an On Error Resume Next statement in each called routine if you want inline error handling within that routine.
Public Sub OnErrorDemo() On Error GoTo ErrorHandler'Enable error-handling routine. Dim x As Integer = 32 Dim y As Integer = 0 Dim z As Integer z = x / y'Creates a divide by zero error On Error GoTo 0'Turn off error trapping. On Error Resume Next'Defer error trapping. z = x / y'Creates a divide by zero error again If Err.Number = 6 Then'Tell user what happened. Then clear the Err object. Dim Msg As String Msg = "There was an error attempting to divide by zero!" MsgBox(Msg,, "Divide by zero error") Err.Clear()'Clear Err object fields. End If Exit Sub'Exit to avoid handler. ErrorHandler:'Error-handling routine. Select Case Err.Number'Evaluate error number. Case 6'Divide by zero error MsgBox("You attempted to divide by zero!")'Insert code to handle this error Case Else'Insert code to handle other situations here... End Select Resume Next'Resume execution at same line'that caused the error. End Sub
Macro security settings determine how permissive Excel should be about allowing macros to be run on your computer. There are four security levels: Very High, High, Medium, and Low. You control these in the Security dialog box (Tools menu, Options command, Security tab, Macro Security button), as shown in the following illustration.
IntelliSense is Microsoft's implementation of autocompletion, best known for its use in the Microsoft Visual Studio integrated development environment. In addition to completing the symbol names the programmer is typing, IntelliSense serves as documentation and disambiguation for variable names, functions and methods using reflection.
Collections are grouping of related item togrther. Its hetrogenous in nature meaning the members of collection need not share the same data types, its very handy as we doesn't always need collection of same type.
VBA, or Visual Basic for Applications, is the simple programming language that can be used within Excel 2007 (and earlier versions, though there are a few changes that have been implemented with the Office 2007 release) to develop macros and complex programs. The advantages of which are:
Declares the name, parameters, and code that define a Sub procedure.
While you might visualize a Visual Studio project as a series of procedures that execute in a sequence, in reality, most programs are event driven—meaning the flow of execution is determined by external occurrences called events.
An event is a signal that informs an application that something important has occurred. For example, when a user clicks a control on a form, the form can raise a Click event and call a procedure that handles the event. Events also allow separate tasks to communicate. Say, for example, that your application performs a sort task separately from the main application. If a user cancels the sort, your application can send a cancel event instructing the sort process to stop.
This section describes the terms and concepts used with events in Visual Basic.
You declare events within classes, structures, modules, and interfaces using the Event keyword, as in the following example:
Event AnEvent(ByVal EventNumber As Integer)
An event is like a message announcing that something important has occurred. The act of broadcasting the message is called raising the event. In Visual Basic, you raise events with the RaiseEvent statement, as in the following example:
Events must be raised within the scope of the class, module, or structure where they are declared. For example, a derived class cannot raise events inherited from a base class.
Any object capable of raising an event is an event sender, also known as an event source. Forms, controls, and user-defined objects are examples of event senders.
Event handlers are procedures that are called when a corresponding event occurs. You can use any valid subroutine with a matching signature as an event handler. You cannot use a function as an event handler, however, because it cannot return a value to the event source.
Visual Basic uses a standard naming convention for event handlers that combines the name of the event sender, an underscore, and the name of the event. For example, the Click event of a button named button1 would be named Sub button1_Click.
We recommend that you use this naming convention when defining event handlers for your own events, but it is not required; you can use any valid subroutine name.
Before an event handler becomes usable, you must first associate it with an event by using either the Handles or AddHandler statement.
WithEvents and the Handles Clause
The WithEvents statement and Handles clause provide a declarative way of specifying event handlers. An event raised by an object declared with the WithEvents keyword can be handled by any procedure with a Handles statement for that event, as shown in the following example:
' Declare a WithEvents variable. Dim WithEvents EClass As New EventClass'Call the method that raises the object's events. Sub TestEvents() EClass.RaiseEvents() End Sub'Declare an event handler that handles multiple events. Sub EClass_EventHandler() Handles EClass.XEvent, EClass.YEvent MsgBox("Received Event.") End Sub Class EventClass Public Event XEvent() Public Event YEvent()'RaiseEvents raises both events. Sub RaiseEvents() RaiseEvent XEvent() RaiseEvent YEvent() End Sub End Class
The WithEvents statement and the Handles clause are often the best choice for event handlers because the declarative syntax they use makes event handling easier to code, read and debug. However, be aware of the following limitations on the use of WithEvents variables:
- You cannot use a WithEvents variable as an object variable. That is, you cannot declare it as Object—you must specify the class name when you declare the variable.
- Because shared events are not tied to class instances, you cannot use WithEvents to declaratively handle shared events. Similarly, you cannot use WithEvents or Handles to handle events from a Structure. In both cases, you can use the AddHandler statement to handle those events.
- You cannot create arrays of WithEvents variables.
WithEvents variables allow a single event handler to handle one or more kind of event, or one or more event handlers to handle the same kind of event.
Although the Handles clause is the standard way of associating an event with an event handler, it is limited to associating events with event handlers at compile time.
In some cases, such as with events associated with forms or controls, Visual Basic automatically stubs out an empty event handler and associates it with an event. For example, when you double-click a command button on a form in design mode, Visual Basic creates an empty event handler and a WithEvents variable for the command button, as in the following code:
Friend WithEvents Button1 As System.Windows.Forms.Button Protected Sub Button1_Click() Handles Button1.Click End Sub
AddHandler and RemoveHandler
The AddHandler statement is similar to the Handles clause in that both allow you to specify an event handler. However, AddHandler, used with RemoveHandler, provides greater flexibility than the Handles clause, allowing you to dynamically add, remove, and change the event handler associated with an event. If you want to handle shared events or events from a structure, you must use AddHandler.
AddHandler takes two arguments: the name of an event from an event sender such as a control, and an expression that evaluates to a delegate. You do not need to explicitly specify the delegate class when using AddHandler, since the AddressOf statement always returns a reference to the delegate. The following example associates an event handler with an event raised by an object:
AddHandler Obj.XEvent, AddressOf Me.XEventHandler
RemoveHandler, which disconnects an event from an event handler, uses the same syntax as AddHandler. For example:
RemoveHandler Obj.XEvent, AddressOf Me.XEventHandler
In the following example, an event handler is associated with an event, and the event is raised. The event handler catches the event and displays a message.
Then the first event handler is removed and a different event handler is associated with the event. When the event is raised again, a different message is displayed.
Finally, the second event handler is removed and the event is raised for a third time. Because there is no longer an event handler associated with the event, no action is taken.
Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim c1 As New Class1'Associate an event handler with an event. AddHandler c1.AnEvent, AddressOf EventHandler1'Call a method to raise the event. c1.CauseTheEvent()'Stop handling the event. RemoveHandler c1.AnEvent, AddressOf EventHandler1'Now associate a different event handler with the event. AddHandler c1.AnEvent, AddressOf EventHandler2'Call a method to raise the event. c1.CauseTheEvent()'Stop handling the event. RemoveHandler c1.AnEvent, AddressOf EventHandler2'This event will not be handled.


text:
John R. Logan, Brown University
Amory Kisch, Brown University
Benjamin Bellman, Brown University
Guixing Wei, Brown University
The Urban Transition HGIS project has been experimenting with methods to improve address geocoding in historical GIS maps from the early 20th Century. A promsing approach is to use the street directories that are included in most city directories in the period. These list streets, their intersections, and house numbers within each block. The challenges to automated mapping are to create an accurate transcription of the street directory, encode information in a usable database, match these data to the GIS street grid and import the information on house ranges into every street segment. This paper will outline the procedures that the team is developing and show their application to a single large city, Philadelphia in 1930.
No extended abstract or paper available
Presented in Session 31. Emerging Methods: Computation/Spatial Econometrics

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
On 24th August 2015, about seventy delegates from fifteen countries gathered in BRRC's auditorium at Sterrebeek to attend the final PERSUADE seminar (acronym of PoroElastic Road SUrface: an innovation to Avoid Damages to the Environment).
The objective of this six-year European research project (September 1, 2009 – August 31, 2015) led by BRRC was to develop a safe and durable poroelastic road surface, as a means to control road traffic noise.
A poroelastic road surface is composed of rubber granules (from recycled car tyres), small-sized stone aggregate and a number of additives, which are bound with an elastic synthetic resin (polyurethane). It contains no bitumen and must, therefore, not be confused with rubberized asphalt.
Earlier experiments had demonstrated that such a road surface can reduce road traffic noise by 7 to 12 dB. For comparison, a 4 m high noise screen has a noise-abating effect of about 8 dB.
However, durability was inadequate, especially for fretting and adhesion to the underlying layer. Further extensive research was necessary to improve those aspects and to find the answers to a number of pending questions.
This was also a small sequel project to SILVIA, which was funded under the 6th EU Framework Programme. It was carried out by a consortium of BRRC, DRI and FEHRL. The object was to disseminate the knowledge on low-noise pavements gained in the SILVIA project to countries which had not participated in SILVIA. A number of one-day workshops were held in six countries (Slovenia, Romania, Switzerland, Ireland, Portugal, and Greece). In addition, a European working group on the Acoustic classification of road surfaces was formed, which held its first meeting in Ljubljana in April 2008 and its second in Copenhagen in September 2008.
The purpose of this method is to determine the acoustic quality of a given road pavement at a well-defined location. BRRC performs this test according to the specifications given in the relevant standard ISO 11819-1. A sound level meter and a tachometer are installed on the roadside to measure the maximum sound pressure level and the speed of a large number of randomly sampled passing vehicles. The results are statistically processed into an SPB index (SPBI), which is a good measure of the acoustic quality of the pavement at the measuring site – more particularly, of the influence of the pavement on traffic noise load for local residents. A full description of the test can be found in BRRC's leaflet F67 "La méthode Statistical Pass-By (SPB)".


text:
What does UDP mean in Funnies?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand UDP in the Miscellaneous field in general and in the Funnies terminology in particular.
Find a translation for UDP in other languages:
Select another language:
What does UDP mean?
- user datagram protocol, jocular: "unreliable datagram protocol," (pertaining to the lossy protocol's inherent bias to drop packets under heavy load.)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


perty'); // ['baz']
view.get('classNames'); // ['ember-view', 'bar', 'foo', 'baz']
Adding a single property that is not an array will just add it in the array:
1
2
3
4
var view = App.FooBarView.create({
 classNames: 'baz'
})
view.get('classNames'); // ['ember-view', 'bar', 'foo', 'baz']
Using the concatenatedProperties property, we can tell to Ember that mix the content of the properties.
In Ember.View the classNameBindings and attributeBindings properties are also concatenated, in addition to classNames.
This feature is available for you to use throughout the Ember object model, although typical app developers are likely to use it infrequently.
Default: null
isDestroyed
Destroyed object property flag.
if this property is true the observers and bindings were already removed by the effect of calling the destroy() method.
Default: false
isDestroying
Destruction scheduled flag. The destroy() method has been called.
The object stays intact until the end of the run loop at which point the isDestroyed flag is set.
Default: false


text:
Type of Ships(1)
Our presentation intends to describe all
types of ships by explaining their characteristic features and
through the use of illustrations. It dwells mainly on troop ships
because they constitute the world's merchant fleet and contribute
largely to world trade and transportation. Below you will find
the classification of ships:
Civil ships This
major group is divided into types and subtypes depending on what
the ship is going to be used for.
- their purpose is to carry freight and passengers
a) freighters (also cargo
ships)- As the name suggests, this category includes ships carrying
both dry (general-cargo and specialized ships) and liquid cargo.
Heavy-cargo ships -
designed to carry cranes, oil drills, machinery for factories
and power stations, equipment for heavy industry and other cargo
weighing _PHONE_ t.
Cattleships - as the name
implies, these ships transport cattle.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Among the priorities of the Galen Cole Family Foundation, the first and foremost priority is to maintain the Cole Land Transportation Museum, which houses a collection of Maine's land transportation history, along with associated equipment, artifacts, and displays from which this and future generations may gain a lasting appreciation of the early pioneers of the state.
The Galen Cole Family Foundation also seeks to help the people of Maine by whatever means to attain their potential as human beings, members of society, and citizens. Of primary importance to the Foundation is lifting the aspirations of children, particularly those from financially distressed families.
The Cole Foundation currently offers support to:
- Scholarships at UMaine, Husson and EMCC
- The University of Maine Reading Recovery Program
- Literacy Volunteers of Bangor
- Bangor YMCA Youth camps and athletics
- Bangor Adult Education
- Good Shepard Backpack food program
- Girl Scouts of Maine
- Bangor Boys and Girls Club
- Local youth athletics


text:
surprise at the results.
Wolves have a complex history in Canada, having been targeted with bounties in the past and treated as vermin or pests. However, the survey shows that 83 percent of Canadians recognize the importance of wolves as integral members of ecosystems and advocate for their protection. While 60 percent of respondents agreed that wolves pose a threat to farm animals, more than two-thirds agreed that killing wolves, even if it is to save another species, is ethically wrong.
Interestingly, the survey also revealed that approximately half of the participants felt comfortable living near wolves, while 16 percent expressed their willingness to live in close proximity to these remarkable creatures without any concerns. The findings from this survey provide valuable insights into the attitudes and perceptions towards wolves in Canada.
Aaron Hofman highlights the significance of this survey, emphasizing that wolves are vital members of Canadian ecosystems and hold great value for the country. It aims to bridge the gap in understanding public attitudes towards wolves and foster a deeper appreciation for their ecological role.
The changing perspective towards wolves in Canada reflects a growing understanding of the importance of biodiversity and the intricate balance within ecosystems. Wolves play a critical role as apex predators, helping to regulate populations of prey species and contributing to overall ecosystem health. Recognizing their ecological significance, Canadians are increasingly embracing the presence of wolves in their natural habitats.
This shift in public perception also signifies a desire for coexistence and a recognition that wolves are not inherently evil or deserving of their historically negative portrayal. Rather, they are seen as integral components of the natural world that deserve protection and respect.
As attitudes continue to evolve, it is essential to support initiatives that promote education and awareness about the value of wolves in ecosystems. By fostering a greater understanding of these magnificent creatures and their ecological importance, we can work towards creating a harmonious balance between human activities and the natural world.
Deforestation in the Amazon Reduced by a Third in 2023
The Amazon rainforest, a vast and magnificent ecosystem, has been facing a grave threat from deforestation for many years. However, there is good news on the horizon. According to the Brazilian government, the rate of deforestation in the Amazon has decreased by a significant third in the year 2023. This encouraging trend brings hope for the preservation of this essential natural resource. In addition, Brazil's President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has made a bold commitment to end deforestation entirely by 2030. These recent developments indicate progress toward a more sustainable future for the Amazon.
The Amazon rainforest is a remarkable expanse of lush greenery that covers a vast area in South America. It is the largest rainforest in the world, and approximately 60% of it is located in Brazil. The Amazon holds incredible biodiversity, housing countless plant and animal species, some of which cannot be found anywhere else on the planet. It is also responsible for producing about 20% of the world's oxygen and plays a crucial role in regulating the global climate.
Deforestation poses a severe threat to the Amazon rainforest. It occurs when trees and vegetation are permanently removed, often to make way for agriculture, logging, mining, and urbanization. This destructive practice not only destroys the habitat of numerous species but also contributes to climate change. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas responsible for global warming, and release oxygen, helping to maintain the delicate balance of our planet's atmosphere.
The Brazilian government has recognized the urgent need to address deforestation in the Amazon and has taken steps to combat this issue. The recent announcement of a significant decrease in deforestation rates is a testament to their efforts. President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has made a commitment to end deforestation entirely by 2030, emphasizing the importance of preserving this invaluable natural resource for future generations.
Brazil's Environment Minister, Marina Silva, spoke to reporters about the positive trend in deforestation reduction. She highlighted the steady decline in deforestation rates as a reason for optimism. This news signifies that the efforts put forth by the Brazilian government are making a difference in protecting the Amazon rainforest. Minister Silva's statement is a source of encouragement, indicating that progress is being made toward achieving a sustainable and deforestation-free future.
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Console Fingerprinting: Not a Big Threat, But We'll Do It Anyway
2023-09-28
The web console provided by modern browsers offers developers invaluable insight into their web applications. However, variances between browser implementations also introduce the possibility of using the console as a fingerprinting vector. While console fingerprinting is unlikely to be deployed in the wild, here at personaldata.info, we try to fingerprint everything we can get our hands on. It serves as an illustrative example of how nearly any browser feature can aid fingerprinting efforts.
Accessing the Console
The console is accessible via the global console object in any browser context. For example:
console.log("Hello world!");
Will output the string "Hello world!" to the console in all major browsers.
Beyond logging output, the console object also exposes various utility methods like console.error(), console.warn(), and console.time(). The full set of methods available varies between browsers.
Styling Console Output
One simple test is styling console output using CSS. For example:
console.log("%cBlue text", "color: blue;");
Will output the text "Blue text" colored blue in supporting browsers. Support for styled output differs across browsers. Most modern browsers support css styled console logs, but some older browsers may not. So this simple test already allows distinguishing between some browsers.
Emoji Support
Just like styled output, printing emoji characters to the console is another area where browser support may vary. Some older browsers may lack support for logging emoji characters to the console. Testing for emoji support simply involves logging a test emoji to the console:
console.log("🎉 Party time!");
If this throws an error, emojis are not supported. Being able to print emojis to the console indicates a more modern browser build. So testing for emoji support produces another variance that aids fingerprinting efforts.
Console Methods
The set of functions exposed by the console object creates significant potential for fingerprinting. Looping through the console object reveals the available methods:
for (let method in console) {
 if (typeof console[method] === "function") {
 console.log(method);
 }
}
Running this in various browsers demonstrates small differences in exposed functions between Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
For example, Firefox lacks support for console.createTask(), where Chrome supports it. Another example is in Firefox console.exception is an alias for error(). Along with those, the order in which these methods appear in the console object can also aid in fingerprinting because, in most hashing algorithms, the order in which items appear will result in different hashes.
Fingerprinting Method
To create a console-based fingerprint:
 1. Test for styled output support.
 2. Print an emoji character.
 3. Loop through available console methods.
 4. Output sample data to test for extension behaviors.
 5. Hash the results into a fingerprint string.
For example:
// Helper to hash text with SHA-256
function hash(text) {
 return crypto.subtle.digest("SHA-256", new TextEncoder().encode(text))
 .then(buffer => {
 return Array.from(new Uint8Array(buffer))
 .map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0"))
 .join("");
 });
}
async function getConsoleFingerprint() {
 let results = [];
 // Test styled output
 console.log("%cStyling test", "font-size: 2em");
 if (/%c/.test(console.log.toString())) {
 results.push("styled");
 } else {
 results.push("plain");
 }
 // Test emoji output
 try {
 console.log("🎉");
 results.push("emoji");
 } catch {
 results.push("no emoji");
 }
 // Log methods
 let methods = [];
 for (let method in console) {
 if (typeof console[method] === "function") {
 methods.push(method);
 }
 }
 results.push('methods: ${methods.join(",")}');
 // Test for React DevTools
 console.log({name: "John", age: 30});
 // Hash and return fingerprint
 const fp = await hash(results.join(";"));
 return fp;
}
getConsoleFingerprint().then(fp => {
 console.log("Fingerprint:", fp);
});
This provides a simple characterization of the console environment, fingerprinting both browser differences and extension behaviors.
Limitations
While illustrative of the fingerprinting potential inherent in nearly any browser feature, console fingerprinting has limitations as a practical fingerprinting vector:
 - The console API is not available in all browsing contexts.
 - Very limited fingerprinting potential.
 - Just like any other fingerprinting method, console fingerprinting, while limited, still raises privacy concerns.
Nonetheless, the console exemplifies the fingerprinting risks inherent in common browser APIs, even those intended for developers. Virtually any feature from CSS support to audio contexts to device sensors can be probed for identifying variances. With privacy and fingerprinting concerns on the rise, browser vendors face increasing pressure to limit access to APIs or reduce the fidelity of their implementations.
Conclusion
While the browser console may initially appear to be an unlikely vector for fingerprinting, it harbors distinctive traits like styling peculiarities, emoji compatibility, unique API methods, and extension adaptations that can reveal identifying information. However, the question of whether console fingerprinting should cause alarm leads us to a reassuring answer: No, it typically reveals a minimal amount of information and is rarely employed in commercial applications.
The primary objective of this brief post was to shed light on the latent fingerprinting potential concealed within most browser features. The console exemplifies how even unlikely features can aid in fingerprinting if there are variations between different devices and browsers. Browser vendors should follow the principle of data minimization, granting access only to information essential for web applications. With privacy and fingerprinting concerns on the rise, developers and vendors alike must make privacy and security foundational priorities in all aspects of browser design.


text: The atomic and electronic structures are calculated for atomically uniform Ag layers on the Ga-induced Si(111)-(root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees surface by using the Density Functional Theory. It is found that when the amount of Ag atoms increases on the 1/3 monolayer Ga-induced Si(111)-(root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees surface, the equilibrium T-4 adsorption site of Ga atom changes to the T-1 site. We have determined a single covalent bond between Ga and Si atoms but there is some charge accumulation on the Ga-Ag layer, turning the surface to metallic nature. For 10 Ag monolayers, we have determined evolution of several quantum-well states within the energy range of 1 eV below the Fermi level. The energy separation between the quantum well states increases as their numbers develop below the Fermi level. The Ag film quantum-well states show in-plane parabolic dispersion, with splittings arising due to Umklapp features related to the Si(111)-(1 x 1) surface Brillouin zone. We have also identified Shockley type surface states, which show small Rashba-type spin-orbit splitting.


text:
Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo, Reticulatus)
The plant vines along the ground. Leaves are rough and lobed, similar to cucumber, but not as angular. Fruit is round to oval, sometimes ribbed, sometimes with a netted surface and has interior seed cavity. The edible flesh is orange. Flowers are bright yellow. The female flower is identified by the ovary below the petals. The male flower is held on a longer stem and does not develop a fruit. Seed is similar to cucumber seed, but a little larger and more orange in color. Honeydew is a variety of cantaloupe with smooth skin and pale green flesh.


_USER_{Braun2007Telling, abstract = {We investigate the matching algorithm used by the German central clearinghouse for university admissions (ZVS) in medicine and related subjects. This mechanism consists of three procedures based on final grades from school (Abiturbestenverfahren, Auswahlverfahren der Hochschulen) and on waiting time (Wartezeitverfahren). While these procedures differ in the criteria applied for admission they all make use of priority matching. In priority matching schemes, it is not a dominant strategy for students to submit their true preferences. Thus, strategic behaviour is expected. Using the full data set of applicants, we are able to detect some amount of strategic behaviour which can lead to inefficient matching. Alternative ways to organize the market are briefly discussed.}, address = {Berlin}, author = {Sebastian Braun and Nadja Dwenger and Dorothea K\"{u}bler}, copyright = {_URL_ keywords = {C78; D02; D78; I29; 330; Matching; university admissions; strategic behaviour; Studienfach; Berufswahl; Zentrale Organisation; Matching; Spieltheorie; Deutschland}, language = {eng}, number = {759}, publisher = {Deutsches Institut f\"{u}r Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)}, title = {Telling the truth may not pay off: an empirical study of centralised university admissions in Germany}, type = {Discussion papers // German Institute for Economic Research}, url = {_URL_ year = {2007} }


text:
- Is Catholic The first church in Nigeria?
- What are the 3 major religions in Nigeria?
- Where did Islam started in Nigeria?
- Was there a 12 year old Pope?
- How much is a Catholic cardinals salary?
- Who brought Catholicism to Nigeria?
- Who has the biggest church in Nigeria?
- Who is the first Nigerian Catholic priest?
- How many churches do we have in Nigeria?
- When was the first church built in Nigeria?
- Is Nigeria a Catholic country?
- Which church is the oldest in Nigeria?
- Who brought Islam in West Africa?
- Which church is the first church?
- Who is the first bishop in Nigeria?
- What was the first church in history?
- Which religion came first in Nigeria?
- Who is the youngest Catholic bishop in Nigeria?
- How old is Christianity in Nigeria?
- How many Catholic churches do we have in Nigeria?
- How many years does it take to become a Catholic priest?
Is Catholic The first church in Nigeria?
Peters, Ake Abeokuta, is the first church in Nigeria.
History teaches us that when Christianity first came to what is now known as Nigeria through the Portuguese missionary, no particular church was established before they left..
What are the 3 major religions in Nigeria?
There are basically three major religions in Nigeria. These include: Christianity, Islam and African Traditional Religion (ATR).
Where did Islam started in Nigeria?
Introduction. The spread of Islam in Nigeria dates back to the eleventh century when it first appeared in Borno in the northeast of the country. Later Islam emerged in Hausaland in the northwest and its influence was evident in Kano and Katsina.
Was there a 12 year old Pope?
Pope Benedict IX (Latin: Benedictus IX; c. 1012 – c. 1056), born Theophylactus of Tusculum in Rome, was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States on three occasions between October 1032 and July 1048. Aged approximately 20 at his first election, he is one of the youngest popes in history.
How much is a Catholic cardinals salary?
Cardinals who work at the Vatican and live there or in Rome are believed to get salaries of about 4,000 to 5,000 euros ($4,730 to $5,915) a month, and many live in large apartments at well below market rents.
Who brought Catholicism to Nigeria?
Once a part of the Songhai Empire, Nigeria's coast was visited by Portuguese traders who introduced Christianity in the 15th century.
Who has the biggest church in Nigeria?
This is a list of the largest evangelical church auditoriums….List.Auditorium nameNational TempleChurchThe Apostolic Church NigeriaYear completed2011Capacity10,000LocationLagos, Nigeria29 more columns
Who is the first Nigerian Catholic priest?
John Cross AnyoguJohn Cross Anyogu (11 March 1898 – 5 July 1967) was a Nigerian clergyman who, on 9 June 1957, became the first member of his Igbo community to be consecrated a Roman Catholic bishop.
How many churches do we have in Nigeria?
16,300 churchesIn 2019, it had 16,300 churches and 3.6 million members.
When was the first church built in Nigeria?
1898The first church in Nigeria was completed in 1898. The Cathedral Church of St. Peter which is the first church in Nigeria, is located in Ake, Abeokuta, Ogun State. It was built by Reverend Andre Desalu Wilhelm.
Is Nigeria a Catholic country?
Nigeria has the largest Christian population in Africa though Christians are about 48% of the population. … Among Christians, about a quarter are Catholic, three quarters are Protestant, and about 750,000 belong to other Christian denominations and a few of them are Orthodox Christians.
Which church is the oldest in Nigeria?
Cathedral Church of Christ MarinaThere is a cenotaph erected as a memorial of him. It is popularly known as the Cathedral Church of Christ Marina, and is the oldest Anglican cathedral in the Church of Nigeria.
Who brought Islam in West Africa?
Mansa MusaThe most famous of them was Mansa Musa (1307-32). He made Islam the state religion and in 1324 went on pilgrimage from Mali to Mecca.
Which church is the first church?
According to the Catholic Encyclopedia the Cenacle (the site of the Last Supper) in Jerusalem was the "first Christian church." The Dura-Europos church in Syria is the oldest surviving church building in the world, while the archaeological remains of both the Aqaba Church and the Megiddo church have been considered to …
Who is the first bishop in Nigeria?
Samuel Ajayi CrowtherThe Most Reverend Samuel Ajayi CrowtherCrowther as bishop in 1867ChurchChurch of NigeriaSeeNigerIn office1864–18915 more rows
What was the first church in history?
Tradition holds that the first Gentile church was founded in Antioch, Acts 11:20–21, where it is recorded that the disciples of Jesus Christ were first called Christians (Acts 11:26). It was from Antioch that St.
Which religion came first in Nigeria?
Islam in Ancient Yoruba is referred to as Esin Imale (religion of the malians) as the earliest introduction of the religion to that region was through Malian itinerant traders (Wangara Traders) around the 14th century.
Who is the youngest Catholic bishop in Nigeria?
Francis ArinzeFrancis Arinze became the youngest Roman Catholic bishop in the world when he was consecrated on 29 August 1965, at the age of 32. He was appointed titular bishop of Fissiana and named Coadjutor to the Archbishop of Onitsha, Nigeria.
How old is Christianity in Nigeria?
Christianity came to Nigeria in the 15th century through Augustinian and Capuchin monks from Portugal. The first mission of the Church of England was, though, only established in 1842 in Badagry by Henry Townsend.
How many Catholic churches do we have in Nigeria?
The Latin and Eastern Catholic Churches comprise the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. In 2005, there were an estimated 19 million baptised Catholics in Nigeria….List of dioceses.Archdioceses9Suffragan Dioceses43Apostolic Vicariates2Parishes1,905 (2004)Diocesan Priests3,45211 more rows
How many years does it take to become a Catholic priest?
The seminarian stage requires four years of study in theology at a seminary. After graduation from the seminary, the priest serves for roughly one year as a transitional deacon. It typically takes five years from college graduation to ordainment, provided the priest has studied philosophy at the undergraduate level.


About Felix Ankel, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Minnesota Medical School
Regions Hospital
How We Have Kept and Will Continue to Keep Going | Summary of The Leader's Library Discussion
keep going book
Last month, 30 people from 4 different countries and 15 different states + Puerto Rico, ranging from their early twenties to mid sixties, bravely jumped into a two-and-a-half day conversation on Slack about creativity, resilience, and their careers– the fifth version of The Leader's Library. We discussed the book Keep Going: Ten Ways to Stay Creative in Good Times and Bad by Austin Kleon, and reflected together on the evolution of our creativity from childhood through middle age, and how a career in emergency medicine requires creativity in every possible form. Please see our earlier post for a more detailed summary of the book; below, we share the highlights of the group's discussion.
Day 1
The first day started out with a personalized welcome video from Austin Kleon himself and introductions of participants. People shared what drew them to The Leader's Library (connection, reflection, building community) and where they would like to incorporate more creativity (heal personal and societal wounds, bring innovative approaches to "wicked problems", appreciate the beauty and joy in connections between things.) We then discussed the influence of specific individuals on personal creativity and how some have created a personal creative network (PCN) similar to personal learning networks (PLN). This was followed by a discussion about the spaces where people felt most creative, with many describing the benefit of being outside and disconnected from the activities of daily electronic living, while others felt most creative when connected with others through electronic means. Participants then volunteered their preferred medium for expressing creativity with lots of sharing of paintings, photography, poetry, and welding projects.
Day 2
On the second day, we covered the first 8 tenets of the book.
1. Every day is groundhog day.
This is really about having a daily discipline: take one day at a time, establish a daily routine, and have reflective practice. Participants discussed morning and evening routines, journaling as an anchor, and the importance of routine in setting boundaries between "doing" and "being". Some discussed an unease with routines, as our chosen lives as emergency physicians are by nature unpredictable. However, this discomfort belied participants' flexibility and resiliency– even in pure chaos when nothing is going as planned, we'll get through, the day/shift/week will inevitably end, and we'll start again tomorrow.
2. Build a bliss station.
This is a "space" or "time" to disconnect from the outside world to connect with yourself. The concept of being on "airplane mode" even when not on an airplane resonated with many. Participants shared examples of their physical (outdoors, home office, kitchen island) and temporal bliss stations; for some, their bliss station was simply an extra in-tune state of mind. The conversation also revolved around the art of "saying no" and of intentionality when creating one's career journey. Some highlights: recognize that one's capacity is finite, and in order to say "yes" to one opportunity, one must say "no" to another; when invited to do something, ask, "What is this person really trying to achieve? Can I help them in a different way to achieve this goal?"; and journal in the days following activities and review how you felt afterward– did this project invigorate you, or were you entirely drained? Use this insight to inform future decisions.
3. Forget the noun, do the verb.
We often define our identity with who we are rather than what we do. Kleon suggests that "creative" is not a noun and that real work is play. We had a robust discussion on what "verb"-ing looks like for each of us. In looking at our careers, many of us recognized our professional "nouns" in one bucket (emails, meetings, academic rat race), and our liberating, expansive doctor "verbs" in another bucket (to help, think, read, teach). We discussed ways to contract bucket 1 (wait 24 hours to answer an email, skip meetings that aren't action-oriented) and expand bucket 2 (step out of academia, work only on passion projects [that whole "saying no" thing again!]).
4. Make gifts.
This was about the importance and joy of gifts. This was also about the trappings of "suckcess" and the tyranny of metrics. Kleon suggests that we should leave money on the table, we should forget to take things to the next level, and let low hanging fruit fall off and rot. Instead of the quantitative, focus on the qualitative. Be kind, be generous, be unique.
5. The ordinary + extra attention = the extraordinary.
This tenet resonated with many. Participants discussed ways they've cultivated over the past year to slow down and pay attention to the world around them with mindfulness techniques. With slowing down, we can finally focus attention on what we're paying attention to, then with intentionality nurture this by giving extra attention and create something extraordinary. An interesting angle discussed how Peleton pandemic buys helped people get into the mode to conserve cognitive load and emotional labor, to slow the mind through exercise.
6. Slay the art monsters.
Kleon's "art monsters" are those ubiquitous beings who somehow create beautiful work while behaving badly and contributing net negativity to the world. We reflected that we don't want to become "monsters" in the same way, prioritizing output and the final project over the craft of medicine. Kleon argues here that "art is for life, not the other way around," and this was a good reminder that we chose our careers because we wanted to make our, and others', lives better, not to drag ourselves or others down. Many discussed this juxtaposition of simultaneously loving their practice (caring for patients, educating others) with living periods of time where pursuing their craft made themselves and others miserable. We all can have monsters coming to visit; the key is keep them around for the shortest time possible.
7. You are allowed to change your mind.
This tenet challenges the obsession with being right (hello, medicine!). Our discussion revolved around history-as-educator ("history may not repeat, but it sure does rhyme") and philosophy-as-educator [Daily Stoic]. Some participants regularly revisit their own history through re-reading old journals; others learn through reading others' histories in books, applying lessons from our ancestors' missteps to our own current leadership challenges. There was also discussion of the (inverse) relationship between confidence in a position and being right. See the Dunning-Kruger prayer. In Kleon's words, "to change is to be alive."
8. When in doubt, tidy up.
We closed the day with a discussion of tidying our workspaces, both mental and physical. Sleep tidies up your brain. Tidying up your workspace is an exploration and a great way to focus energy when stuck or overwhelmed. Participants discussed their approach to tidying up offices, kitchens and gardens and the positive creative effects it had on their creativity.
9. Demons hate fresh air.
On the third and final day of discussion, we covered Kleon's final 2 tenets. This is one of the more intuitive tenets– that getting one's bootie off one's chair and going outside can stimulate creativity and launch us past writer's block. However, Kleon takes this beyond endorphins and argues that, by going outside, we better integrate ourselves into our communities and reality: "If we do not get outside, if we do not take a walk out in the fresh air, we do not see our everyday world for what it really is, and we have no vision of our own with which to combat disinformation." Participants had varied strategies for getting themselves OUT, though most agreed that getting outside had been critical to their physical and mental wellbeing over the past year. Several people cultivated a habit of photographing their surroundings while out walking, a practice which helped them stay present. One participant shared that for them, this tenet took on a metaphorical meaning– by letting their internalized shame out to "fresh air" through writing or speaking, its power over them lessened.
10. Plant your garden.
Kleon, and our participants, focused on seasonality here. We don't expect plants to flower in the winter, nor do we furiously cling to an oak tree's leaves when they tumble off in the autumn; why, then, in academic emergency medicine, in medical education, in medicine in general, do we completely disregard this natural rhythm and instead attempt to overpower it with a decades-long continuous stream of hard work? Why are we surprised that our creativity stalls periodically, when we know innately that everything in our world is cyclical? Participants brainstormed ways to integrate periods of recuperation and recharge (what Kleon calls "dormancy" in this essay) into their professional lives, not just for rest, but also to enhance creative output. One participant reflected, "I've personally struggled with having to ALWAYS be 'on' in terms of being creative, but now understand that creativity ebbs and flows and the key now is to capitalize when the time is right."
Synchronous Conversation
We closed out The Leader's Library with a live video conversation, during which participants ranging from medical student to late-career professor mused about the connections they formed during The Leader's Library, new ideas they'd be taking back to their institutions, and shocking realizations they'd had while learning from and with their co-participants. Independent of differences in prior life


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UAlbany, IBM Announce New Partnership to Research Weather and Climate Impacts on Water, Transportation and Renewable Energy Systems in New York
ALBANY, N.Y. (March 1, 2022) – The University and IBM Research today announced a new research partnership exploring climate and weather impacts on bodies of water, transportation and renewable energy systems in New York.
The partnership, designed to develop new forecasting models and methods, will leverage the scientific and technical expertise from IBM, UAlbany's Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC) and Center of Excellence in Weather & Climate Analytics (COE), and the New York State Mesonet, a statewide network of 126 standard weather stations providing real-time atmospheric data and headquartered on campus.
Focus areas of the new partnership will include:
- Harmful algal bloom (HAB) detection and prediction in lakes and reservoirs
- Winter road weather maintenance and operations
- Impacts of severe flooding events (including improving advanced warning)
- Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) collaboration utilizing NYS Mesonet data and IBM forecasting models and methods
- Renewable energy (solar) generation forecasting
"The use of A.I. and machine learning for weather prediction and forecasting is rapidly evolving," said Chris Thorncroft, who directs ASRC, the COE and NYS Mesonet, "By combining UAlbany's resources and expertise in weather and climate with IBM, this new partnership will continue to advance these innovative technologies and help improve weather-based decision making for New Yorkers."
"Our partnership with UAlbany will enable advances in NWP and other environmental models, which are critical to understanding the diversity of local impacts of climate change from highly urbanized areas to lake and reservoir watersheds," said Lloyd Treinish, chief scientist at IBM Research for climate and weather. "While we will have an initial focus on New York State, we expect that we will be able to apply these advances to predictive models for other regions."
The project adds to a growing relationship between IBM and UAlbany's weather and climate researchers. ASRC is currently leading a U.S. Department of Energy project to design, install and deploy a new buoy-based flux measurement system to improve forecast models and decision-making for offshore wind generation. The project started phase one field testing on Lake George, Oneida Lake and Seneca Lake last summer, through partnership with The Jefferson Project — a research collaboration between IBM Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the Lake George Association to use advanced technology to understand the impact of human activity on freshwater.
Through the new partnership, UAlbany and IBM researchers will aim to extend the Jefferson Project's water quality research on Lake George to other New York lake watersheds and jointly seek additional federal research funding.
In November, ETEC, a new $180 million, 246,000 square-foot R&D complex opened on the Uptown Campus, housing all of the University's weather and climate researchers, along with the NYS Mesonet, COE and the nation's first College of Emergency Preparedness, Homeland Security and Cybersecurity, under one roof. It is also the new home of the National Weather Service's Albany Weather Forecast Office.
UAlbany's Weather-Climate Enterprise includes close to 120 faculty, researchers and staff, the largest concentration of atmospheric, climate and environmental scientists in New York.


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text: Science, Tech, Math › Science Science Experiments and Activities for Preschoolers Share Flipboard Email Print Science Chemistry Activities for Kids Basics Chemical Laws Molecules Periodic Table Projects & Experiments Scientific Method Biochemistry Physical Chemistry Medical Chemistry Chemistry In Everyday Life Famous Chemists Abbreviations & Acronyms Biology Physics Geology Astronomy Weather & Climate By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Chemistry Expert Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. our editorial process Facebook Facebook Twitter Twitter Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Updated February 15, 2019 This is a collection of fun, easy and educational science experiments and activities for preschool students. Bubble Rainbow Anne Helmenstine Use household materials to blow a colored bubble tube or "snake". Use food coloring to tint the bubbles. You can even make a bubble rainbow. Hand Washing Glow Irish Spring soap glows a bright greenish-blue under a black light. Anne Helmenstine Hand-washing is an important way to keep germs at bay. How well do preschool kids wash their hands? Let them find out! Get a soap that glows brightly under a black light. Laundry detergent glows. So does Irish Spring. Have the kids wash their hands with soap and water. Afterward, shine the black light over their hands to show them the spots they missed. Rubber Bouncy Egg Jessica of Balancing Everything/Getty Images Soak a hard-boiled egg in vinegar to make a bouncy ball... from an egg! If you are brave enough, soak a raw egg instead. This egg will bounce too, but if you throw it too hard, the yolk will splatter. Bend Water Anne Helmenstine All you need for this project is a plastic comb and a faucet. Charge the comb with electricity by combing your hair and then watch as a thin stream of water moves away from the comb. Invisible Ink After the ink has dried an invisible ink message becomes invisible. Comstock Images/Getty Images You don't have to be able to read or write words to enjoy invisible ink. Draw a picture and watch it disappear. Make the image reappear. Several non-toxic kitchen ingredients make great invisible ink, like baking soda or juice. Slime Nevit/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 3.0 Some parents and teachers avoid slime for preschool kids, but there are so many non-toxic slime recipes that it's really a terrific project for this age group. A basic slime can be made with cornstarch and oil, plus there are forms of slime that are meant to be eaten, like chocolate slime. Finger Painting Finger paints are a great way to explore color and mixing. Nevit/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 3.0 Finger paints may be messy, but there they are a fantastic way to explore color! In addition to the regular type of finger paints, you can add food coloring or tempera paint to piles of shaving cream or whipped cream or you can use finger paints made especially for tubs. Iron in Cereal Scott Bauer, USDA Breakfast cereals are fortified with vitamins and minerals. One of the minerals that you can see is iron, which you can collect onto a magnet for kids to examine. It's an easy project that causes kids to stop and think about what is in the foods they eat. Make Rock Candy Billie Grace Ward/Flickr/CC BY 2.0 Rock candy consists of colored and flavored sugar crystals. Sugar crystals are terrific crystals for young kids to grow because they are edible. The two considerations for this project are that the water has to be boiled to dissolve the sugar. That part should be completed by adults. Also, rock candy takes a few days to grow, so it is not an instant project. In a way, this is more fun for kids, since each morning they can get up and monitor the progress of the crystals. They can break off and eat any rock candy growing on the surface of the liquid. Kitchen Volcano busypix/Getty Images You wouldn't want your preschooler to grow up without ever having made a kitchen volcano, right? The basics involve baking soda and vinegar in just about any container. You can make a model volcano from clay or dough or even a bottle. You can color the "lava". You can even make the volcano emit smoke. Swirling Colored Milk caligula1995/Flickr/CC BY 2.0 Food coloring in milk just gives you colored milk. Nice, but boring. However, if you drip food coloring into a bowl of milk and then dip a soapy finger into the milk you get magic. Ice Cream in a Bag Peter Burka/Flickr/CC BY-SA 2.0 You don't need a freezer or ice cream maker to make ice cream. The trick is to add salt to ice and then place a bag of ice cream ingredients in this extra-cold ice. It's kind of amazing, even for adults. Both adults and preschool kids like ice cream, too. Cloud in a Bottle Anne Helmenstine Show preschoolers how clouds form. All you need is a plastic bottle, a little water, and a match. As with other projects, it's entertaining even when you are older to make a cloud form, disappear and reform inside of a bottle. Colored Salt Florian Grossir/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 3.0 Take bowls of regular salt or Epsom salt, add a few drops of food coloring to each bowl to color the salt and layer the salt in jars. Kids love making their own decorations, plus it's a great way to explore how color works. Clean and Color Pennies Adam Engelhart/Flickr/CC BY-SA 2.0 Explore chemical reactions by cleaning pennies. Certain common household chemicals make pennies brighter, while others cause reactions that produce green verdigris or other coatings on the pennies. This is also a good opportunity to work with sorting and math. Edible Glitter Frederic Tousche/Getty Images Kids love glitter, but most glitter contains plastic or even metals! You can make non-toxic and even edible glitter. The glitter is great for science and craft projects or for costumes and decorations.


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This review was written for my children's literature class, so it addresses some concerns from a more professional perspective than many of my earlier reviews have.
Colman, P. (1997). Corpses, coffins, and crypts: A history of burial. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Corpses, Coffins, and Crypts demystifies a process which many children encounter for the first time in late elementary school: what happens to the body after a person dies. Penny Colman is an award-winning author of children's non-fiction; while she is not an expert on burial practices, she is an expert on researching and presenting information.
This book, which will have a natural pull for spooky kids such as myself, is very straightforward in its approach. Colman first defines death and explains what exactly happens upon death. She then discusses various possibilities for what happens to a corpse, including medical uses, embalming, and creation. Next she discusses different containment options: urns, coffins, crypts, and mausoleums. She goes on to describe burial sites and celebrations, finishing with a discussion of death as portrayed in the arts and everyday life.
The book's intended audience is readers age 9 - 12, although School Library Journal recommends it for grades 6 and up. I think it would appeal to an advanced 4th or 5th grader. The text is very clear. Colman frames her discussions of history and science with stories of her own experiences with death and those of her friends and acquaintances. This keeps the subject from being sterile, but does not sentimentalize. Colman draws on many disciplines, including anthropology and archaeology. Her information comes from a variety of sources, some as old as the Roman historian Herodotus and others as current as her own interviews with morticians. Images include photographs of burial sites and reproductions of paintings and engravings dealing with death. All of the images are in black and white. In most non-fiction texts I would consider this a detractor, but here I think the monochrome images suit the book's somber subject matter.
The text provides both finding aids and additional material. A table of contents, chronology of burial customs, glossary, bibliography, and index are provided. Colman also includes a gazetteer of burial sites of famous people, a collection of interesting epitaphs, and an explanation of the symbolism of images commonly carved on gravestones.
Corpses, Coffins, and Crypts illuminates the burial process and illustrates how it is a common part of every person's life. It is an interesting, warm, and respectful examination of customs across time. It may not appeal to a broad audience of middle grade readers, but it will interest and entertain some and comfort others.


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Learn about Dolly Parton, a country music singer, guitarist, and actor who received a National Medal of the Arts for her reading program, Imagination Library.
Help children learn about inspirational people from around the world who have made important contributions in artistic fields with Amazing People: Artists and Performers activity book. Great for kids ages 7+, this activity book features fascinating biographies and engaging activities about each person.
Amazing People: Artists and Performers also includes special bonus features like a poster, 53 flash cards, and 11 blank cards that children can fill out with some of their own favorite amazing people. The activity book also includes stickers to help you motivate and reward your child for a job well done.
Make sure to check out coordinating Amazing People inspirational décor and activity books to create a kind and inclusive classroom community.


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Long John Silver
|Long John Silver|
|Treasure Island character|
|Created by||Robert Louis Stevenson|
In Treasure Island, Long John Silver is a pirate who was quartermaster under the notorious Captain Flint. Long John Silver had a pet parrot called Captain Flint, often seen sitting on his shoulder where she would nibble on seeds. Silver's importance to the late Captain Flint can be seen in that fact that a quartermaster on a pirate ship ranked higher than any officer except the captain himself, and that a quartermaster could also veto the captain's decisions whenever the ship was not in a battle. The quartermaster was elected by the crew and one of his tasks was to lead the boarding party from the quarterdeck during boarding attacks. Silver claims to have served in the Royal Navy and lost his leg under "the immortal Hawke". "His left leg was cut off close by the hip, and under the left shoulder he carried a crutch, which he managed with wonderful dexterity, hopping about upon it like a bird. He was very tall and strong, with a face as big as a ham – plain and pale, but intelligent and smiling." He claims to have been the only man whom Flint ever feared. Like many of Stevenson's characters, there is more than a modicum of duality in the character; ostensibly Silver is a hardworking and likeable seaman, and it is only as the plot unfolds that his villainous nature is gradually revealed. His relationship with Jim Hawkins, the novel's protagonist, is interesting, as he serves as a mentor and eventually father-figure to Jim, creating much shock and emotion when it is discovered that he is in charge of the mutiny, and especially when Jim must confront and fight him later on. Although willing to change sides at any time in the interests of his own survival, Silver has compensating virtues: he is wise enough to pay attention to money management, in contrast to the spendthrift ways of most pirates, and is physically courageous despite his disability; for instance, when Flint's cache is found to be empty, he coolly stands his ground against five grown men despite having only Hawkins to back him.
Historians[who?] have noted that Silver's account of his life experiences during the first half of the 18th century is at variance with the history of the characters he mentions, and that Silver is either exaggerating the range and scope of his exploits for the benefit of Jim Hawkins or for potential pirates he is trying to recruit, or his memory is faulty.
When Silver escapes at the end of the novel, he takes "three or four hundred guineas" of the treasure with him, thus becoming one of only two former members of Captain Flint's crew to get his hands on a portion of the recovered treasure; a separate cache of bar silver is apparently left on the island. (The repentant maroonee Ben Gunn is the other, but he spends all 1,000 pounds in nineteen days.) Jim's own ambivalence towards Silver is reflected in the last chapter, when he speculates that the old pirate must have settled down in comfortable retirement: "It is to be hoped so, I suppose, for his chances of comfort in another world are very small."
Stevenson's portrayal of Silver has greatly influenced the modern iconography of the pirate. Silver has a parrot, named Captain Flint in mockery of his former captain, who generally perches on Silver's shoulder, and is known to chatter pirate phrases like "Pieces of Eight," and "Stand by to go about." Silver uses the parrot as another means of gaining Jim's trust, by telling the boy all manner of exciting stories (many of them likely fake) about the parrot's buccaneer history. "'Now that bird,' Silver would say, 'is, may be, two hundred years old, Hawkinsthey live forever mostly, and if anybody's seen more wickedness it must be the devil himself. She's sailed with Englandthe great Cap'n England, the pirate. She's been at Madagascar, and at Malabar, and Surinam, and Providence, and Portobello... She was at the boarding of the Viceroy of the Indies out of Goa, she was, and to look at her you would think she was a babby."
He is married to a woman of African descent, whom he trusts to manage his business affairs in his absence and to liquidate his Bristol assets when his actions make it impossible for him to go home. He confides in his fellow pirates, that he and his wife plan to rendezvous after the voyage to Skeleton Island is complete and Flint's treasure is recovered, at which point Silver will retire to a life of luxury.
According to Stevenson's letters, the idea for the character of Long John Silver was inspired by his real-life friend William Henley, a writer and editor. Stevenson's stepson, Lloyd Osbourne, described Henley as "...a great, glowing, massive-shouldered fellow with a big red beard and a crutch; jovial, astoundingly clever, and with a laugh that rolled like music; he had an unimaginable fire and vitality; he swept one off one's feet". In a letter to Henley after the publication of Treasure Island Stevenson wrote: "I will now make a confession. It was the sight of your maimed strength and masterfulness that begot Long John Silver...the idea of the maimed man, ruling and dreaded by the sound, was entirely taken from you".
Modern portrayals
Actors who have portrayed Long John Silver in the various motion picture adaptations of Treasure Island include Wallace Beery, Ivo Garrani, Orson Welles, Charlton Heston, Eddie Izzard, Lance Henriksen, Robert Newton, Anthony Quinn, Tim Curry, Jack Palance, Brian Murray, Oleg Borisov, Boris Andreyev and British actor Ivor Dean in a televised version of the novel. Robert Newton followed up his two Long John Silver movies with an Australian-produced TV series.
Ivor Dean played the character in an acclaimed European 4-part mini-series in 1966. He intended to reprise the role in another series with more adventures of Silver. He began writing it with director Robert S. Baker, but his sudden death in 1974 stopped all further plans. In 1985, this script was used as foundation for a Disney 10-part TV-series called Return to Treasure Island, starring Brian Blessed in the role of Long John Silver.
John Silver was also the protagonist in Björn Larsson's fictional autobiography of the character, Long John Silver: the True and Eventful History of My Life of Liberty and Adventure as a Gentleman of Fortune and Enemy to Mankind (ISBN 1-86046-538-2 respectively 91-7263-285-2). The novel was first published in Sweden in 1995.
Silver is the main character in Silver—My Own Tale As Told By Me With A Goodly Amount Of Murder by Edward Chupack (ISBN 978-0-312-53936-8).
In popular culture
In anime and manga
- The 1978 Japanese series Takarajima portrayed John Silver as a tall blond man.
In film and television
- Charles Ogle, who also played the Frankenstein Monster in Edison's 1910 film, played Silver in a 1920 silent film of Treasure Island, which also starred Lon Chaney.
- Wallace Beery was the first speaking Long John Silver in the 1934 filmn version of Treasure Island.
- Robert Newton became the definitive Long John Silver in the 1950 Disney live-action film version of Treasure Island.
- Long John Silver, a 1954 film, starred Robert Newton once again as the title character (which he also played in the 1957 television series The Adventures of Long John Silver).
- In the 1958 television series The Adventures of Ben Gunn, Silver was played by Peter Wyngarde.
- John Silver is depicted in L'ile aux tresors, a movie by Alain Berberian; the cast includes Gerard Jugnot and Alice Taglioni.
- In the 1986 Disney mini-series Return to Treasure Island, Brian Blessed played Silver.
- Tim Curry portrayed Long John Silver in the 1996 film Muppet Treasure Island.
- Charlton Heston portrayed a much darker Long John Silver in the 1999 Made-for Television Treasure Island.
- In one of his last film appearances, Jack Palance portrayed Long John Silver in the 1999 film version of Treasure Island.
- Long John Silver is voiced by Jim Cummings in the movie The Pagemaster.
- The 2002 Disney film Treasure Planet, an animated science fiction adaptation of Treasure Island, depicts "John Silver" as a cyborg, voiced by Brian Murray.
- Pornographic actor Long Dong Silver took his stage name from Long John Silver.
- Hector Barbossa from Pirates of the Caribbean is similar to Long John Silver. He owned a monkey named after his previous captain Jack Sparrow, and was referred to as the "one-legged man" in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides.
In literature
- Porto Bello Gold is a prequel novel to Treasure Island written in 1924 by Arthur D. Howden Smith
- Long John Silver is a Franco-Belgian comics series written by Xavier Dorison, illustrated by Mathieu Laufray and published by Dargaud in French and Cinebook in English.
- John Silver, a fictional space pirate with mechanical leg who appears in the Italian comic book Nathan Never, was inspired by Long John Silver.
- According to J. M. Barrie's play Peter Pan, Captain Hook was the only man whom Silver ever feared


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For Windows Users
Step by Step
Step 1: Download and install the 'AltStore Server' for your OS from the link above. Be sure to uncheck the 'auto-update' option when installing to avoid this exploit being patched in the future.
Step 2: Download and install 'iCloud for Windows' from the link above, install, and restart.
Step 3: Download and run the 'AltServer Patcher' from the link above.
Step 4: Select "Custom IPA Link" in the 'Utility to Install' drop down list.
Step 5: Copy and paste the following link into the 'IPA URL' section.
Step 6: Click 'Patch".
Step 7: Locate and run the 'AltStore Server' desktop application.
Step 8: The 'Altstore Server' runs directly from the task bar. Find the icon, click on it once, hover your cursor over 'Install AltStore', and click on the name of your device.
Step 9: Enter your AppleID and Password.
Step 10: Tap the developer Apple ID and trust it.
That's all. Now you can launch the app on your iPhone.


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2-NBDG Glucose Uptake Assay Kit (Cell-Based), BioVision Inc.Supplier: BioVision
75832-872EA 813.3 USD75832-872
2-NBDG Glucose Uptake Assay Kit (Cell-Based), BioVision Inc.
Assays Cellular Assays
Non-radioactive method to detect and accurately measure glucose uptake via FACS and microscopy.
- Measurement of glucose uptake in response to insulin, growth factors, cytokines, mitogens and nutrients, etc.
- Dual-staining of glucose transporters and glucose uptake
- Analysis of glucose metabolism and cell signaling in various cell types
- Screening of anti-diabetic compounds
Glucose is a ubiquitous energy source in most organisms and plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolisms and homeostasis. Cancer cells exhibit increased glucose uptake to support their high proliferation rate. 2-NBDG (2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) amino]-D-glucose) is a fluorescent deoxyglucose analog that can be taken up by cells through glucose transporters. However, 2-NBDG cannot be fully utilized in glycolysis because of its modification and thus accumulates inside the cells. Fluorescence generated by this fluorescent glucose analog is proportional to glucose uptake by the cells and can be used to measure glucose uptake using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. To validate the assay, the kit includes phloretin, a natural phenol that inhibits glucose uptake. This easy to use non-radioactive kit allows imaging and accurate measurement of glucose uptake in cultured cells in response to insulin, growth factors etc.


Visual Patience for faster hits—how to take your time and be quick about it…
Talk about a contradiction in terms!
How can you be patient in a hurry?
And what is visual patience?
Visual patience is simply waiting until you can see to take action.
If you're doing sighted shooting, it means waiting until you can see your sights to press the trigger…sometimes clearly, sometimes not.
It means waiting until you can visually verify that your sights have come back into alignment before taking followup shots.
In low light, it means leaving your light on long enough to actually see what you're lighting up and positively identify it.
When you can see that your sights are aligned on the target and you press the trigger without disturbing sight alignment, you'll hit what you want to hit.
If you rush things and press the trigger before you see your sights, there's a good chance that you'll miss your target, have to take a makeup shot, and be slower than if you just took the time to make the first shot count.
So, to get HITS as quickly as possible, it's important to be patient and verify that your sights are pointed where you want them to be pointed. It takes time, but when you combine it with solid trigger manipulation, it guarantees hits.
You just don't want the process to take any longer than necessary.
For most people, it takes.3 seconds or even up to 1-2 seconds to shift and stabilize focus. And that's time that you simply don't have in a gunfight or in a timed shoot.
As a result, people try bigger sights, focusing on the threat, and other techniques that may work, but bring significant baggage with them.
There are advanced techniques that I teach, like how to shift your focus to the point in space where the front sight will be…before it gets there…to speed up the process, but there's even more you can do.
The brain operates on a principle called SAID. It stands for specific adaptation to imposed demand. It means that if you stress a muscle, it will get stronger. If you practice running fast, you'll run faster.
And when you stop imposing demands on the body, the brain has a "use it or lose it" policy. Unused muscles get smaller and flabby. If you don't keep moving fast, you'll slow down.
The same laws work for your eyes and visual cortex.
There's a really good chance that you see slower now than you could at some point in the past (use it or lose it).
And there's also a REALLY good chance that you can speed up how quickly you see with minimal effort (specific adaptation). From my experience, most people have ignored the performance aspects of their eyes and, as a result, can double or triple how quickly they see.
This isn't a case of seeing at superhuman speeds as much as it is taking the brakes off so you can see as quickly as you were made to see.
So, how do you do it? How do you eliminate visual deficits and get back the vision you should have?
Here's 2 quick & easy drills
They're called saccades (jerks) and near-fars.
With saccades, simply extend your arms straight out so your hands are slightly wider than shoulder width apart and make a "thumbs-up" gesture with both hands. (you can also hold a pen or pencil in each hand)
Now, practice shifting your focus back and forth between both thumbs (or pens) as quickly as you can for 10-20 seconds at a time.
Shifting focus back and forth 60 times per minute looks kind of like this:
You'll want to make sure to be patient enough to wait until you can see your thumb clearly before shifting focus to your other thumb. << This is key. If you cheat at the drill and shift focus before you can see your thumb clearly, you won't get as much benefit from the drill.
Why does it take so long?
There's a few reasons…
 1. Coordinated movement of the eyes (having them look at the same place in space) is a skill…like any skill, you can lose it if you don't use it and push it.
 2. Saccadic suppression/blindness. Your brain cuts out all of the "frames" between when you're looking at the previous point in space and when you're looking at the new point in space. You're technically blind and unaware of what's happening visually during this time. This can be improved.
 3. Muscle speed. The 6 muscles around the eyes get slower with disuse…this is a skill.
 4. Lack of independent movement of the eyes, head, and torso. If you only have to flick your eyes back and forth, it's faster than if you flick your head and eyes together, which is quicker than if you have to turn your entire body to shift focus. It's common for people who wear glasses all of the time to have reduced range of motion with their eyes, independent from their face. This is a skill.
 5. Lack of precision & overtravel. It's common to over-shoot the target when shifting focus. This is a skill.
 6. Slow visual processing. This is a skill.
(Believe it or not…there's more that goes into shifting focus, but almost every aspect can be trained and improved with super-simple drills)
With near-fars, first, pick something you can see clearly that's 10 or more feet away. Then, make a thumbs-up gesture with one thumb straight out in front of you between your eyes and the distant object.
Now, shift your focus back and forth between the near object (thumb) and far object as quickly as you can while keeping clear focus.
You only want to do this drill 10-20 seconds at a time too.
If you wear bifocals, trifocals, or progressives, this will be challenging.
You can also do this in your car while stopped at stoplights…shifting focus back and forth between your speedometer and the license plate of the car in front of you.
Vision drills are INCREDIBLY powerful.
They'll make you a quicker, more accurate shooter, a safer driver, and in many cases, they'll help with flexibility, muscle strength, and joint pain. (there's some complicated neurology involved with why this happens…you don't need to know why it works for it to work, but if you want to know why it works, I cover it in Upgraded Shooter).
The best thing about vision training is that it's quick and easy.
You can get dramatic, life changing results with only a few minutes of vision training per day…This isn't training you need to make time for. It's training that you can do while you're doing other things.
Unlike gun training, you can do Tactical Vision Training at work, in a restaurant, or other crowded public places without causing a stir.
So, I want to encourage you to try those two drills. And if you're serious about shooting, I want to encourage you to check out my Tactical Vision Training Course
This ground breaking course is the only vision training course on the market designed specifically for defensive pistol shooters…home defense, law enforcement, military, and concealed carry.
It'll show you how to improve your vision speed, visual clarity, peripheral awareness & threat detection, peripheral vision (it's different), and how to integrate your sighted and threat focused aiming systems in the brain.
Learn more and see the difference that tactical vision training can make by clicking >HERE< now.
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Publisher description for Ionic liquids in chemical analysis / edited by Mihkel Koel.
Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog
Information from electronic data provided by the publisher. May be incomplete or contain other coding.
With the development of analytical chemistry continuing at a steady rate, the search for applications of ionic liquids is growing in every area of analytical chemistry. Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis provides a review of current knowledge and efforts in the field of analytical chemistry, covering separation science, spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, as well as analytical electrochemistry. Leading researchers and academic experts offer their perspectives on such important topics as analytical methods for characterizing ionic liquids, the use of ionic liquids in analytical electrochemistry, chromatography, task-specific ionic liquids, green chemistry, separation, and extraction.
Library of Congress subject headings for this publication:


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Human-centred multimedia applications are a set of activities that human directly interact with multimedia, which consists of different forms. Within all multimedia, video is an ultimate resource, by which people could obtain sensory information. Since limitations on the capacity of imaging devices as well as shooting conditions, we cannot usually acquire high quality video records that desired. This problem could be addressed by super-resolution. We propose a novel scheme in the present paper for super-resolution problem, and make three contributions: (1) on the stage of image registration according to previous approaches, the reference image is picked out through observing or randomly. We utilise a simple but efficient method to select the base image; (2) a median-value image, rather than the average image used previously, is adopted as the initialization for estimate of super-resolution; (3) we adapt the traditional Cross Validation (CV) to a weighted version in the process of learning parameters from input observations. Experiments on synthetic and real data are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
17th International Multimedia Modeling Conference 2011 (MMM 2011). Proceedings of the 17th International Multimedia Modeling Conference 2011, Part II (Taipei, Taiwan 5-7 January, 2011) p. 25-34


Abstract
The rapid development of high-speed train and Metro communications has provided new challenges for the application of MIMO technologies. Therefore, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model using leaky coaxial cable (LCX) in a rectangular tunnel. The channel model is based on geometry-based single-bounce (GBSB) channel model and the electric field distribution of LCX in the tunnel environment. The theoretical expressions of channel impulse response (CIR) and space-time correlation function (CF) are also derived and analyzed. The CFs for different model parameters (moving velocity and moving time) and different regions of the tunnel are simulated by Monte Carlo method to verify the theoretical derivation at 1.8 GHz. In the same parametric configuration of nonstationary tunnel scenarios, the time delay of the first minimum value of CFs for LCX-MIMO is 1/5 of the time delay of the minimum value of CFs for dipole antennas MIMO when the train moving velocity is 360 km/h. It is shown that, for MIMO system, the performance of using LCXs is better than using dipole antennas.
1. Introduction
Recently, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has been widely used in many scenarios. The nonstationary scenarios of MIMO technologies for high-speed train and Metro communications have drawn attention. Up to present, there are two main cases of nonstationary scenarios: one is the movement of transmitter or receiver and the other is the movement of transmitter and receiver [112]. The channel modeling can be based on two-dimensional (2D) [15] and three-dimensional (3D) [612]. According to the 3GPP (3GPP TR 25.996) spatial channel model (SCM) [16] and WINNER II channel model [712], the geometry-based single-bounce (GBSB) [15] and geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) [612] are used to describe MIMO propagation channels. The nonstationary scenarios investigated include the high altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) MIMO air-to-ground communications [7, 8], the vehicle-to-vehicle communications in tunnel [9, 10] and other scattering environments [11, 12], the base-station-to-vehicle communications in tunnel [5] and other scattering environments [1, 2], and so on. In these scenarios, the influences of different moving velocities, moving times, moving directions, and moving trajectories on spatial cross-correlation and autocorrelation are analyzed [612]. In [1, 2], the authors have researched the multielement antennas systems in mobile fading channels and have considered that the local scatterers were only around the mobile user (MS) in 2 × 2 MIMO channel, the base station (BS) is fixed, the BS and the MS are both two-element antennas array, and they also derived a space-time correlation for MIMO systems in mobile fading channels. It could be called "one-ring" model in physical MIMO channel models. In [4], the authors analyzed the propagation characteristics of mobile-to-mobile fading channels for MIMO systems; they derived a great channel model in mobile-to-mobile fading channels and scatterers around both transmitting antennas and receiving antennas. It could be called "two-ring" model in physical MIMO channel models. In [9], the authors studied a nonstationary geometry-based channel model for MIMO vehicle-to-vehicle communications in tunnel environments and derived the theoretical expressions of channel impulse response and spatial correlation functions (SCFs), and they discussed the SCFs for different time delay, different receiving antenna spacing, and different frequency separation. In [11], this paper researched a geometry-based nonstationary MIMO channel model for vehicular communications and discussed the autocorrelation functions (ACFs) for different time separation and different receiving antenna spacing. In [12], this paper proposed a 3D wideband nonstationary multimobility model for vehicle-to-vehicle MIMO channels and derived the channel impulse response (CIR) and correlation functions (CFs); the authors discussed the CFs for different time separations and different times which increased with the increase of time separation and time by simulation.
At the moment, there are some shortcomings in the study of confined area communication such as subway tunnels. Leaky coaxial cable (LCX) is usually used as an antenna (the input signal is entered from single port of every single LCX) and two antennas (the input signal is entered from double ports of every single LCX) to transmit signals in tunnel, due to uniform radiation. Most of the researches on the application of LCX are focused on the measurement and analysis in tunnel and linear-cell environments [13, 14]. In [13], the authors present a 2 × 2 MIMO measurement campaign using LCX in tunnel environment at 1.8 GHz, and the results of capacity and condition number indicate that the MIMO performance is not highly dependent on the LCX spacing. In [14], the authors used single LCX as two antennas and researched propagation characteristics of the LCX-MIMO systems in linear-cell environment at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, and the capacity results indicate that the LCX-MIMO can achieve more capacity improvement than that of channel using monopole antennas with the simple equal power allocation. A few of them have carried out theoretical description. The channel models of these researches are stationary [15]. In [15], the authors research the theoretical channel model of 2-by-2 MIMO system using single LCX in free space, and the results show that a 2-by-2 MIMO system can achieve good performance using single LCX. In [16], the authors proposed a GBSB model for MIMO channel using LCXs in tunnel based on the electric field distribution of the LCX and analyzed the performance of MIMO system in terms of capacity, condition number (CN), and CF by simulation and measurement. But in [16], the authors only studied the stationary scenario. There is little research on nonstationary LCX-MIMO communication in tunnel scenarios. With the rapid development of Metro and high-speed railway, there is an urgent need for the study of LCX-MIMO in nonstationary tunnel scenarios.
For high-speed railway scenario and Metro scenario, this paper aims to fill these research gaps. We propose a 3D nonstationary LCX-MIMO channel model in rectangular tunnel environments. The main contributions and novelties of this paper are summarized as follows: (1) this paper develops a 3D nonstationary LCX-MIMO channel model, and the channel impulse response (CIR) and spatial correlation function (CF) are theoretically derived. The proposed model is verified by comparing the spatial CF theory with simulation; (2) this model considers the influence of the receiver's mobility on the propagation characteristic of LCX-MIMO system, in terms of the moving velocity and moving time. The influence of the different positions where the receiver is located in the tunnel on the propagation characteristics is also analyzed; (3) the CFs of LCX-MIMO and dipoles MIMO are compared with different moving velocities for different time delays.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we propose a 3D nonstationary LCX-MIMO channel model. In Section 3, the theoretical expressions of space-time CF for our proposed GBSB 3D nonstationary in tunnel scenarios are derived. In Section 4, the space-time CFs of the proposed model are simulated and validated. Finally, our concluding remarks are given in Section 5.
2. 3D Nonstationary LCX-MIMO Channel Model
Figure 1(a) shows the LCX structure; Figure 1(b) shows LCXs (transmitter, Tx) and dipoles (receiver, Rx) installation; and Figure 1(c) shows the 2-by-2 nonstationary LCX-MIMO transmission system in rectangular tunnel environments and the input signals of LCXs are s1 and s2. In Figure 1, the O is origin of the coordinate; the parallel direction to axis of tunnel presents the Z-axis of the coordinate system; the cross section of tunnel presents the XOY-plane, the vertical direction of the XOY-plane presents the Y-axis of the coordinate system, and the horizontal direction of the XOY plane presents the X-axis of the coordinate system. In Figure 2, for the MIMO system, the parameter names and symbols of LCX-MIMO channel model are as shown in Table 1.
In this paper, we only consider LCX with vertical periodic slots, the length of LCX is L, the periodic of slot of LCX is P, and the number of slots of LCX is N. According to the electromagnetic field theory of antenna, the slots of LCX can be seen as a series of magnetic dipoles, and the electric field distribution of a single slot Ez can be expressed as [17, 18]where E0 denotes the electric field strength of the slot surface, r denotes the distance from a point in the electric field of LCX to a slot, θ is the angle between the direction of r and the axial direction of LCX, k0 = 2πf/c denotes the propagation constant in free space, f is the center frequency, and c is velocity of light.
The longitudinal amplitude atten


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Medical illustrations for Vascutek's fully customised AAA stent graft, Fenestrated Anaconda™
- Medical Illustration
- Illustration from CT data
Vascutek Ltd, Fenestrated Anaconda™ Custom Device Team
Lecturers at the University of Dundee Medical School were hosting a teaching session on identifying referred otalgia (ear pain that originates outside of the ear) within a patient. In order for students to do this, they must first understand the anatomy associate with the ear, head and neck before trying to figure out the source of where the pain is coming from. This was where I came in to create the following illustrations of the cross section of the head.
The illustrations were created in high resolutions so that it gives greater versatility in zooming closer to the the illustration to highlight details of the device.
CREATED FROM CT SCANS
The illustrations were created based of patient CT data, adding more accuracy to the visualizations.


Clinical Audits
DRG validation strategies for success
Research shows that the vast majority of medical bills contain errors—health plans can use DRG validation audits to improve the accuracy and validity of claims payments.
The impact of telehealth on clinical audits during COVID-19
Telehealth has become a lifeline during the pandemic, but the potential for improper coding and documentation is high. Health plans are wise to include telehealth claims in their clinical audit programs.
Fixing payment integrity at the source
Find out how eligibility management plays a role in maximizing recovery opportunities, improving cost avoidance strategies, and creating premium restoration possibilities.
Three ways to tackle the high cost of waste
Administrative complexity continues to drive the high level of waste in healthcare. Learn how to reduce improper payments with an optimized payment integrity approach that blends advanced analytics with human expertise.


text:
Full Lab Manual
Introduction & Goals
Chemistry & Background
In Your Write-up
In this two-week experiment, you will learn how to use an ion-exchange column and how to carry out an acid-base titration using an indicator. You will then apply these skills to determine the total concentration of cations in a sample of seawater. This week you will concentrate on understanding the chemistry of ion exchange and estimate the capacity of an ion exchange column from your observations.
1. Which ions are attached to the resin at the start of a given experiment?
2. Which ions are becoming attached to the resin and which are coming off, during each experiment?
3. How many equivalents of H+ will be replaced by the charging solution?
4. What will happen when the column reaches its capacity?
Trustees of Dartmouth College, Copyright _PHONE_


Why does unemployment differ for immigrants?
Unemployment risk varies greatly across immigrant groups depending on language skills, culture, and religion
University of Roehampton, UK, and IZA, Germany
one-pager full article
Elevator pitch
The adverse effects of unemployment are a cause for concern for all demographic groups but they will be most acute for those experiencing the highest unemployment rates. In particular, high levels of unemployment are observed for a range of immigrant groups across many countries. However, there is considerable variation both across and within countries. It is therefore important to determine the factors that are most likely to cause high rates of unemployment, especially from a migration perspective, and to identify appropriate policy responses (e.g. enhancing human capital and improving job search effectiveness).
Unemployment rates for native and foreign
 born residents in selected countries, 2015
Key findings
Unemployment rates are lower for some immigrant groups than for the native born population.
The impact of economic downturns is lessened for more highly educated immigrants.
Policies that enhance human capital levels can be effective in reducing the high rates of unemployment experienced by immigrant groups.
Improving language skills is crucial for increasing the employment prospects of immigrants.
Certain immigrant groups, such as those with low levels of education, experience extremely high rates of unemployment, especially during recessions.
The unemployment rates of immigrants can be higher in countries that have more rigid labor market regulations and institutions.
Comparing countries can be difficult due to differences in their migration histories.
Newly arrived immigrants are often disadvantaged in terms of their country-specific skills and their knowledge of the labor market.
Author's main message
Unemployment often produces a range of adverse consequences for the individuals experiencing it and for the communities in which it is concentrated. A variety of factors can contribute to the high rates of unemployment experienced by some immigrant groups; these include human capital, cultural and religious differences, and discrimination. Appropriate government policies should recognize such inter-group differentials and group-specific determining factors. Such policies include the scheduling of courses to enhance human capital levels, such as skills in the host country's main language.
Full citation
Full citation
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Data type(s)


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There can be plenty of debate over the costs of universal basic income.
The 560 euros per month payment in Finland can be roughly in line with the amount of unemployment assistance recipients might already receive by the government. Researchers in Finland said various other benefits might need to be reduced to pay for a universal basic income across the country.
Yet, in a 2017 report, the OECD found of which reducing existing benefits to pay for basic income could actually have a negative impact on poverty levels.
"Overall poverty rates (in addition to gaps) can in fact increase significantly in countries of which currently have tightly targeted systems of income support," the report said.
Instead of replacing existing programs, some advocates say universal basic income should be an added benefit.
"The better way can be to see basic income as a transformation of what's already there," said Louise Haagh, chair of the advocacy group Basic Income Earth Network.