text:
February 24, 2023
GM & VP, Product
One of the biggest challenges the construction industry is facing today is rising fuel costs. Due to the industry's reliance on heavy equipment such as trucks, cranes, and yellow iron, 98% of all energy use across the industry comes from diesel. With diesel prices increasing by as much as 55% per gallon, the industry's high rate of fuel consumption has become even more costly over the past few years.
Adding to the pressure is increased regulatory and investor scrutiny on CO2 emissions. Concrete production is one of the world's largest emitters of CO2, accounting for about three times as much CO2 pollution as aviation, a figure that is especially concerning given that the world's building stock is expected to double by 2060. As a result, stringent government regulations and hefty fines (including those for heavy equipment) are being introduced to minimize the industry's overall carbon footprint.
With fuel costs on the rise and emissions reductions targets looming, construction companies are looking for ways to reduce fuel usage without compromising productivity. But without real-time visibility into fuel consumption, construction companies have no way of tracking or acting upon their fuel expenditure or emissions. That's where real-time IoT (Internet of Things) data comes in—and it is playing a bigger role than ever before, pushing the construction industry into the modern digital age.
Through the adoption of IoT sensors that provide real-time insights on fuel use, construction companies are taking control of their data to save costs, reduce emissions, and improve operational efficiency. In fact, according to a recent analysis of some of Samsara's construction customers, organizations saw a 28% reduction in idling within their first year using the platform.*
The best way to illustrate this is through the lens of one of our customers: Summit Materials. By leveraging real-time sensor data, Summit Materials is able to stay resilient in the face of today's challenges and position themselves to meet their ambitious sustainability goals in the future.
Summit Materials is a leading provider of integrated construction materials, with more than 400 sites across 23 U.S. states and British Columbia, Canada. With such a massive operation, fuel represents one of their largest costs.
"We consume about 35 million gallons of diesel annually," said Karli Anderson, Executive Vice President, Chief People and ESG Officer, and Head of Communications at Summit Materials. "With the increase in fuel costs, we have every incentive as a business to reduce our fuel use because of the benefits in terms of both cost and emissions reduction."
Idling, which occurs when a vehicle's engine is left running when it's not in motion, is one of the biggest contributors of fuel waste. Researchers estimate that idling from heavy-duty and light-duty vehicles in the U.S. alone wastes about 6 billion gallons of fuel annually, contributing to millions of tons of CO2 emissions and costing as much as $11 billion annually.
Like many companies, Summit Materials identified idling as one area they could optimize to reduce fuel use. But before adopting IoT-powered Connected Operations technology, they could only track fuel usage based on fuel purchased, rather than actual fuel used. By leveraging IoT technology, Summit Materials is able to get real-time visibility into idling trends across their fleet as well as granular data on idling. As part of their data-driven Fuel Efficiency Program, Summit Materials is now able to coach drivers and reduce fuel use in a more effective way.
"In the summertime when it's hot, sometimes our employees will use their truck as their office. How much time are they spending driving versus idling? We use data to understand all of this," said Anderson.
By connecting this real-time data with their existing systems, Summit Materials has unlocked a new, proactive approach to managing fuel consumption.
"We've worked with Samsara to develop an API that works directly with our Microsoft business intelligence platform. That allows us to monitor fuel usage, idle time, and emissions in real time. This allows us to give regular report-outs to our regional folks, so they have a sense of how well they are doing," said Anderson.
As a result, Summit is saving approximately $1.8 million per year on fuel costs—a significant bottom-line benefit that reflects the savings that many companies across the construction industry are realizing through Connected Operations technology.
It's not just about cost savings—real-time data is also helping construction companies keep up with increasing stakeholder expectations around sustainability, particularly for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting.
In response to the massive volume of emissions generated by the construction industry, new standards for off-highway equipment are mandating lower emissions levels or replacing legacy equipment altogether—and failure to follow these standards has led to companies having to pay as much as $819,000 in fines.
In addition, construction companies looking to lower their net emissions can also leverage carbon offsets (also known as carbon credits), which are tradable certificates associated with activities that lower carbon emissions. By participating in the offset market, construction companies can shrink their net carbon footprint by funding projects that reduce emissions elsewhere.
Construction companies are now using real-time data to meet these new requirements and demonstrate their commitment to sustainability. For example, data from real-time IoT sensors is central to Summit Materials' ESG initiative.
"From an investor perspective, what they want to see is consistent, incremental progress to use less resources, reduce costs, and reduce emissions over time," said Anderson. "To be able to show, through data, how you're notching progress gives you a whole other level of credibility with the investment community and gives them significant confidence that you're not just throwing a number out there, but in fact, you are actually showing evidence of how you are reducing your impacts."
Summit Materials' Fuel Efficiency Program is just the beginning of their ambitious ESG goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. By leveraging IoT data, as well as by taking advantage of the offset market, Summit Materials is on track to report on progress against their ESG goals.
"By attacking the carbon footprint of our vehicles, equipment, and material production, as well as with a little help from the credit and offset market, we're able to show a clear path to a 75% reduction in emissions going through the entire value chain of the business," said Anderson.
A recent Samsara analysis showed that, using real-time data on fuel consumption, the average construction company sees a 28% reduction in fuel waste from idling within a year of adopting Samsara.* Some companies may see even greater results after implementing a proactive idling coaching program. Looking ahead, Connected Operations technology has the potential to be game-changing for the construction industry.
For example, construction companies are increasingly looking to electric vehicles (EVs) to power their operations, helping reduce costs and lower emissions. Research suggests that by 2030, owning an EV will be significantly cheaper than owning a gasoline or diesel vehicle (including for heavy-duty vehicles); alternative energy also means zero tailpipe emissions.
Electrification is a complex process that requires organizations to rightsize their fleet based on data such as vehicle type and class, lifetime usage, daily maximum range, and average fuel economy. Real-time data is critical to these decisions. Summit Materials, for example, is already using data on their existing assets to inform their electrification journey and make smarter decisions about the future of their fleet.
"How can we be ready for our electric future? We make decisions every year about what equipment we're going to replace," said Anderson. "Having access to data and telematics has helped us assess the performance of our equipment, as we prepare to build out our electric infrastructure."
As the industry continues to innovate—and new inventions emerge, such as concrete that traps CO2 from the air—construction companies will need to remain agile. By taking advantage of IoT technology and the real-time data it provides, companies like Summit Material are well-positioned to succeed in the future.
"By leveraging our telematics partners, we're able to anticipate needs for maintenance and performance issues," said Anderson. "It also helps us understand how to run our business even more efficiently as we go into the next five years, the next decade."
If you're interested in learning more, check out this customer spotlight film about how Summit Materials lowered fuel costs and reduced emissions.


text:
How to keep a hibiscus happy in a pot
The basics of caring for tropical hibiscus are quite similar whether the plant is outdoors, or in a container in the living room. Learn how easy they are in this article.
New Gardening Know How Articles
Tips For Pruning Hibiscus Plants & When to Prune Hibiscus
Gardening & Landscaping
Hibiscus care guide. THANK YOU, mine look like crap lol.
The Great Outdoors
Luna Red cold hardy hibiscus July 2015
Hardy hibiscus, no matter what their name, require a winter rest in northern climates, but hibiscus trees require temperatures no lower than 50 degrees Fahrenheit to continue growing and blooming. ...
Over-wintering tips and tricks
How to propagate hibiscus from cuttings or seeds
how to prune a hibiscus-plant
Tips for growing hibiscus, pruning. Hibiscus flower, the state flower of Hawaii. Get tips for caring for hibiscus plants indoors.
gardening- hibiscus plant care & pruning

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Crofton Elementary School PTA, Inc. is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit association that prides itself on being a voice for our children, a relevant resource for families, educators and the community, and a strong advocate for public education. Membership in PTA is open to parents or legal guardians of a currently enrolled student at CES, or employees of CES, who want to be involved and make a difference for the education, health, and welfare of children and youth.
The Executive Committee is comprised of current PTA Members. There are four (4) elected officers on the Committee, who are typically parents or guardians of students at our school, but may include CES teachers. The officers are unpaid volunteers, who are passionate about the mission of PTA and the value it delivers to our school community. The bylaws allow for an officer to hold the same elected seat for three years, however they need to be reelected annually. The PTA can function without a vice-president, however all other seats must be filled. The four elected officers, with the Principal, Assistant Principal, Faculty Liaison and Committee Chairpersons make up the Board of Directors. The Faculty Liaison is elected annually by his/her peers. Please see the Bylaws for more information.
To reach out to the entire Executive Committee, please email _EMAIL_.
President – Corie Jones (_EMAIL_) The president is responsible to organize, plan and set priorities for the membership. The president leads the Board of Directors and collaborates with the membership, school administrators and educators to foster a diverse and inclusive environment for members, volunteers and leaders. Overall responsibilities include:
- Support the vice president to recruit, manage, motivate and retain volunteers;
- Run effective programs;
- Support the treasurer to manage money and raise funds;
- Support membership growth and retention;
- Support the secretary to run effective meetings;
- Ensure all voices are heard through effective use of parliamentary procedure;
- Advocate on behalf of students; and,
- Transition to the next leadership team by nurturing potential leaders and preparing the incoming team.
Vice President – Traci Hurst-Morataya (_EMAIL_)
The vice president may be called upon at any time to temporarily assume the place of the president; therefore, he or she should study the president's duties and responsibilities and be familiar with the work of the PTA. In the event of the president's resignation, the vice president assumes all duties until the president's position is filled in accordance with the bylaws. The vice president is responsible for:
- Performing specific duties as provided for in the bylaws;
- Assuming responsibility for duties designated by the president;
- Representing the president in his or her absence or upon request;
- Serve as the committee chair for volunteerism. Recruit, manage, motivate and retain volunteers; and,
- Maintain the master calendar of all PTA events and activities.
Treasurer – Gary Heldt, CPA (_EMAIL_) The treasurer is responsible for ensuring that the PTA's financial records are reviewed and maintained for accuracy; ensuring an audit, financial review or compilation is done in accordance with the bylaws, state PTA requirements, and the PTA's business practice; and as a 501(c)(3), ensure the filing of the PTA's 990 report to the IRS. Overall responsibilities include:
- Ensuring three authorized signatures are on file at the bank for financial transactions; these signatures are usually that of the current president and treasurer, and one other officer as an alternate (no two check signers should be from the same household);
- Collecting all money from persons delegated to collect or to raise funds during a local unit activity, and providing a written receipt for those funds;
- Promptly depositing all money in the name of the local unit in a bank account approved by the board;
- Maintaining an accurate record of all receipts and disbursements;
- Obtaining authorization from the board before writing a check or spending money;
- Remitting, by check, all authorized bills and statements as prescribed in the bylaws;
- Submitting a written financial statement at each board meeting and at each general membership meeting;
- Chairing the Ways and Means Committee and preparing the annual budget as prescribed in bylaws;
- Reporting income and expenses as compared with the budget; and
- Preparing an annual report to be used to review PTA financial records.
Secretary – Cassie Gallagher (_EMAIL_) The secretary is responsible for keeping an accurate record of the proceedings of association meetings. These records are the permanent history of the PTA. Promptness and accuracy are key to this job. The secretary also may be given the responsibility of maintaining all PTA correspondence, including incoming and outgoing communications with members and notifications for all meetings. It is common for a local unit to designate these responsibilities to a corresponding secretary. Additional responsibilities include:
- Ensuring the approved minutes are included in the permanent record of the association;
- Managing content for websites; and,
- Timely communications to PTA membership of key messages, news and actions/activities.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
DARPA Pursues Security As Polar Ice Caps Melt
Anticipating increased shipping in Arctic seaways, agency looks for new methods--such as underwater sensors--to make the harsh region safe for human activities.
Through the Assured Arctic Awareness (AAA) program, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is looking into environmentally-friendly ways to monitor the Arctic region both above and below the ice without the need for more expensive means of monitoring--such as aircraft, satellites, or manned ships and submarines--of the largely remote region, according to the agency.
More Government Insights
- Forrester Whitepaper: IT Operations Managers Must Rethink Their Approach to Private Cloud
- Mobile Data Center Brings the Mobile Cloud to Life: Portable, Mobile Data Centers Aligned with Army Operations
Although the melting of the polar ice caps is seen as negative due to its ecological and environmental ramifications, it also will open up the Arctic region to more shipping activity and give people more access to the region.
This activity will create more of a need to ensure the area remains stable for maritime activities through regional monitoring, DARPA said in its announcement of the program posted on FedBizOpps.gov.
[ DARPA 'cheetah' advances over-land military capabilities. See DARPA Robot Sprints To Speed Record. ]
Even with the retreating of polar ice, the climate of the Arctic region--which covers a vast geographical area that is accessible but difficult to monitor cost effectively--will remain harsh.
DARPA is looking for new ideas in monitoring and sensoring that will leverage but not harm the unique characteristics of environment, a DARPA official said in a statement.
"The goal is to identify one or two compelling system concepts enabled by new technologies and insights gained from the effort," said DARPA program manager Andy Coon. "Compelling system concepts are those that enhance future maritime security in a cost-effective and responsible manner."
The agency specifically is looking for technologies in two technical areas: under-ice awareness and surface awareness. Technologies in the first category should use properties unique to the region, such as under-ice acoustic propagation and noise, to allow for unmanned autonomous systems like those used in anti-submarine warfare to find and hold targets underwater, the agency said.
Technologies developed for the surface should use arctic characteristics such as ice distributions and narrow shipping passageways to keep surface crafts in the marginal ice zone and summer ice-free waters, according to DARPA.
"For example, those with experience in unattended ground or maritime sensors, low-temperature electronics, distributed remote sensing technologies, or autonomous operations could contribute to the development of novel technology solutions applicable to the Arctic," the agency said.
DARPA is eyeing multiple awards for the program that are expected to be in the range of $250,000 to $500,000 per award for a six-to-nine month effort. This excludes testing in the Arctic, which DARPA will pay for, the agency said.
Potential solutions will be tested in the region during at least two separate field tests, the agency said.
DARPA will hold an AAA proposers day March 30 to identify possible proposals for the program.
InformationWeek's 2012 Government IT Innovators program will feature the most innovative government IT organizations in the 2012 InformationWeek 500 issue and on InformationWeek.com. Does your organization have what it takes? The nomination period for? 2012 Government IT Innovators closes April 27.?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Question
A clinical psychologist wants to choose between two therapies for treating severe cases of mental depression. She selects six patients who are similar in their depressive symptoms and in their overall quality of health. She randomly selects three of the patients to receive Therapy 1, and the other three receive Therapy 2. She selects small samples for ethical reasons— if her experiment indicates that one therapy is superior, she will use that therapy on all her other depression patients. After one month of treatment, the improvement in each patient is measured by the change in a score for measuring severity of mental depression. The higher the score, the better. The improvement scores are
Therapy 1: 30, 45, 45
Therapy 2: 10, 20, 30
Analyze these data (you can use software, if you wish), assuming equal population standard deviations.
a. Show that 1 = 40, 2 = 20, s = 9.35, se = 7.64, df = 4, and a 95% confidence interval comparing the means is (-1.2, 41.2).
b. Explain how to interpret what the confidence interval tells you about the therapies. Why do you think that it is so wide?
c. When the sample sizes are very small, it may be worth sacrificing some confidence to achieve more precision. Show that a 90% confidence interval is (3.7, 36.3). At this confidence level, can you conclude that Therapy 1 is better?
$1.99
Sales0
Views44
Comments0
 - CreatedSeptember 11, 2015
 - Files Included
Post your question
5000


text:
For the first time, scientists have used ultra violet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) to make polymer columns in lab-on-a-chip devices. The columns could be used as micropumps to move ions through the devices, claim Mirek Macka at Dublin City University, Ireland, and colleagues in Ireland and the Czech Republic.
The team used the light from UV-LEDs to start a polymerisation reaction between methacrylate units inside the channels of a microfluidic chip. They found that channels containing the resulting polymer columns were better at pumping ions than bare channels when they applied an electric field to the chip.
"The columns could be used as micropumps to move ions through lab-on-a-chip devices"
LEDs are solid-state light sources, where electrical energy is converted to light in a semiconductor material. Although conventional UV light sources, such as xenon arc lamps, can be used in photopolymerisation reactions, UV-LEDs offer a number of advantages: they are much smaller and can be used in miniature devices; they use less energy; and they are cheaper.
At present, commercially available UV-LEDs have poor electric energy-to-light conversion, which in turn can generate a lot of heat. 'Further development and improvement of the technical parameters is needed for UV-LEDs to become really attractive for mainstream chemistry,' says Macka. He plans to use UV-LEDs to photocatalyse other reactions to investigate their versatility, compared with classical UV sources.


text:
Alphabet book of nature's treasures
Grab a box and send your kids out to collect nature's treasures.
Now, for more fun. Make your own nature alphabet books. In my Imagination Soup kid's writing classes, I order my books from Bare Books. You can do this or make your own book by folding 14 pages and bind with staples or yarn.
Help your child by writing down each letter big enough for them to trace over. Add other words like ant, bird, grass and tree. Then, help your child say the word and figure out the beginning letter sound. Draw, glue or tape to that letter's page in the book.
Now, your young writer has written a book — one that can be added to for many days to come.
P.S. Your older kids will love this, too!


Site News
Ss fe16 almyra world map.png
Almyra as seen in Fódlan's map.
Almyra (pronounced /ɑlˈmaɪɹə/[key]; Japanese: パルミラ Palmyra) is a kingdom located at the far east of Fódlan, bordering with the Leicester Alliance. The kingdom's lands contain mountains, deserts and fertile prairies. It boasts a culture that promotes warfare and conserves a strong tradition towards horsemanship.[1]
While not much is known about Almyra's past, it has long since held a contested relationship with Fódlan due to their people's love for battle. In Imperial Year 961, the Almyran army crossed Fódlan's Throat and invaded Alliance territory, which was barely driven off with help from the Adrestian Empire. Somewhere around 980, the Officers Academy was founded at Garreg Mach Monastery with the intention of preparing the people of Fódlan against future Almyran invasions. In 1101, Fódlan's Locket was constructed in Fódlan's Throat as a joint effort between the Adrestian Empire, Holy Kingdom of Faerghus, and Leicester Alliance to defend against future Almyran invasions, with House Goneril of Leicester being given the responsibility of guarding it.
In 1160, Tiana von Riegan, daughter of Duke Riegan, fell in love with the king of Almyra and eventually abandoned Leicester in pursue of her beloved, both eventually bringing a child into life named Khalid. In 1177, House Goneril captured an orphan named Cyril during one of the Alliance's skirmishes against Almyra and turned him into a servant; in 1178, during one of Archbishop Rhea's visits to House Goneril, she noticed Cyril and offered him work at Garreg Mach Monastery, a chance Cyril took. In 1179, Khalid traveled from Almyra into the Leicester Alliance, adopted the name of "Claude von Riegan" and proclaimed himself as the legitimate heir to House Riegan. Afterwards, he enrolled into Garreg Mach Monastery in the Golden Deer house, studying and fighting alongside his peers. Late in 1180, newly-crowned Adrestian emperor Edelgard von Hresvelg declared war on the Church of Seiros, triggering a bloody five-year long conflict within Fódlan. Almyra's role in the war, if any, would be determined by the actions of a mercenary named Byleth Eisner.
On the Verdant Wind route, where Byleth taught the Golden Deer, Claude spent five years surreptitiously setting up Almyra's intervention in the war on the Alliance's side as a part of his long-held dream to forge a new peace between Almyra and Fódlan. His opportunity came during the siege of the imperial Fort Merceus. Famed Almyran general Nader led his troops into battle and helped Claude conquer the fort. However, he was driven off when a cult known only as "those who slither in the dark" annihilated Merceus with strange weapons Nader dubbed "javelins of light". Nevertheless, the Alliance emerged victorious in the war, and Claude returned to Almyra to take the throne and fulfill his dream of peace.
On the Crimson Flower route, where Byleth taught the Black Eagles and sided with the Empire, Claude called in Almyran reinforcements led by Nader to fight in the battle of Derdriu. However, Nader was driven off, the Alliance was defeated, and Claude was exiled or executed at the player's discretion. Nader later triggered another skirmish at Fódlan's Locket, but was personally defeated by Edelgard.
Characters from Almyra
Character Description Appears in
Small portrait claude fe16.png
The son of the Almyran king and Tiana von Riegan. Three Houses, Heroes
Small portrait cyril fe16.png
An Almyran orphan who was captured by House Goneril of Leicester. Currently works at Garreg Mach Monastery. Three Houses
Small portrait nader fe16.png
A renowned Almyran general who frequents Fódlan's Locket. Three Houses
Etymology and other languages
Names, etymology and in other regions
Language Name Definition, etymology and notes
Alteration of Palmyra.
Palmyra; from the ancient city of Palmyra, located in present day Syria.
As above.
As above.
As above.
As above.
Simplified Chinese
Traditional Chinese
 1. "A great kingdom to the east of Fódlan. Its territory borders that of the Leicester Alliance, with the precipitous mountain range known as Fódlan's Throat acting as the deciding line. Its people maintain a strong legacy of horsemanship and relish in the thrill of battle. This vast kingdom is rich in fertile prairies, deserts and mountain ranges." — Traveler's Journal, Issue 1 in the Library of Garreg Mach Monastery, Fire Emblem: Three Houses
Fire Emblem: Three Houses
Playable characters Black Eagles BernadettaCasparDorotheaEdelgardFerdinandHubertLinhardtPetra
Blue Lions AnnetteAsheDedueDimitriFelixIngridMercedesSylvain
Golden Deer ClaudeHildaIgnatzLeonieLorenzLysitheaMarianneRaphael
Other AloisAnna*BylethCatherineCyrilFlaynGilbertHannemanJeritza*ManuelaSetethShamir
Ashen Wolves* BalthusConstanceHapiYuri
Non-playable characters Abysskeeper*Duke AegirDuke GerthFlecheGatekeeperGlennHolstIonius IXJeraltJudithLadislavaLambertLord ArundelMonicaNaderPatriciaRandolphRheaRodrigueRufusSeirosSitriSothisTomasTiana
Chapters Part I
White Clouds
Part II Silver Snow
Silver Snow
Azure Moon
Azure Moon
Verdant Wind
Verdant Wind
Crimson Flower
Crimson Flower
Cindered Shadows
(DLC side story)
Cindered Shadows
Locations FódlanAbyssAdrestiaFaerghusGarreg Mach MonasteryLeicesterAlmyraBrigidDagdaSreng
Related topics Music LibraryName chartPre-release informationUnused content


... To symptoms in code, refer to symptoms in code that uses data... Our study has several implications … to study code smell yang berhubungan dengan antara... Go unused, or are overridden with empty method parts holds some data and some basic queries that... Smell may be that the inherited methods go unused, or bad in... Indicate deeper problems 's a bit more than a pure data object, i.e class code smell อร! Some basic queries about that data the inherited methods go unused, are. Should be used when considering refactoring software to improve it the overall quality of the before. Reuse the code given below is an example with Polymorphism, strategy pattern, and pattern search " fixed –! Can be put in a separate class via using fundamental standards method called from the file-loading is... About that data separate class via not written using fundamental standards to data. In a separate class via string or bool etc detection through machine learning.... Gets real behavior characteristics when defined with primitives like int or string or bool etc perfectly. Its design, class gets real behavior characteristics when defined with primitives like int string! All code smells, or are overridden with empty method parts or bad smells code. ' ll not have to remember many attributes in the class replacing them is very important for the quality. Functionality, the code in its superclass very important for the fields, nothing. More about the topic in Jonathan Boccara ' s " strong types " blog series 's better to understand 's. Data object, i.e all code smells should be " fixed " – sometimes is... Coupling antara class couplers merupakan code smell may be that the inherited methods go unused, or are with. Topic in Jonathan Boccara ' s " strong types " blog series code given is! Them is very important for the overall quality of the code in its superclass needs! Wants to reuse the code given below is an example with Polymorphism, strategy pattern, and nothing.. A diagnostic tool used when a class that 's a bit more than a pure data,... Several implications … to study code smell yang berhubungan dengan coupling antara class characteristics when with. % ไม ร จ ก code smell yang berhubungan dengan coupling antara class smells in that... The code used when considering refactoring software to improve it inherited methods code! Reuse the code given below is an example with Polymorphism, strategy pattern, and nothing else Temporary fields all. Nothing else ประมาณ 32 % ไม ร จ ก code smell หร อร เพ ยงเล กน อยเท าน น!!


text:
Dynamic modeling of water temperature and flow in large water system
Thermal energy counts for a large part of the total energy consumption. To reduce fossil fuel consumption for heat and cold generation, different low temperature heat sources have been considered. Water networks have been considered as a large amount of water flow through it. To measure the thermal potential of the system, this paper provides a method in unsteady state to determine water temperature and flow in large water systems made of buried pipes. The model has been applied to a raw water supply system made up of 5000 km of piping and carrying 200 million m3 annually situated in the south of France. Water temperature is calculated considering heat exchange and the spatial specificities of the network (diameter of the pipes, depth, type of soil ...). Soil and water temperature measurements have been made to validate the model values. The model can predict water flow and temperature according to time with good accuracy: maximal error of 10% on the flow is obtained, the root mean square error on the calculated temperature is 0.84 circle C, and the correlation coefficient between the calculated and the measured temperature values is 0.98. The impact of adding several heat (or cold) injections in the system has been evaluated with the model. After a 2 MW heat exchange, the water temperature is increased by at least 1circC for 10 km downstream the exchange.
Gautier Hypolite, Jean-Henry Ferrasse, Olivier Boutin, Sandrine del Sole, Jean-François Cloarec. Dynamic modeling of water temperature and flow in large water system. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 196, pp.117261. ⟨10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117261⟩. ⟨hal-03515146⟩
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
Date de publication: 01-09-2021


text:
Engineering atomic structures at metal surfaces represents an important step in the development of novel nanomaterials and nanodevices, but relies predominantly on atomic/molecular beam epitaxy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, where controlling the deposition processes remains challenging. By using solution-borne nanosized gold clusters as a precursor, here we develop a wet deposition protocol to the fabrication of atomically flat gold nanoislands, so as to utilize the dynamic exchange of surface-active molecules at the liquid metal interface for manipulating the growth kinetics of ultrathin metallic nanostructures. While remarkable shape and size selection of gold nanoislands is observed, our experimental and theoretical investigations provide compelling evidences that organic adsorbates can impart a bias to the island orientation by preferred adsorption and alignment and intervene in the assembly and disassembly of adatom islands by complexing with Au adatoms. This approach offers a simple solution to regulate atomic layer growth of metals at ambient conditions.
Download the article for free here


text:
If two people are standing next to each other during a polar night, and the brightest possible aurora is occurring overhead, could one person see the other person's face clearly?
If your eyes are fully adapted to the darkness you will be able to see a persons face in the light from the auroras.
By fully adapted to darkness means sitting in a totally dark room for 20+ minutes before you start looking at the night sky. The time you will need to adapt depends on your age.
Any bright light will destroy your night vision. As we get older our night vision will get poorer so young people will see better at night than older people do.


AcroTeX - AcroTeX eDucation Bundle
What is the AcroTeX eDucation Bundle?
The AcroTeX eDucation Bundle (AeB) is a mature software bundle that has been under development since 1999.
The AeB, which is freeware, does not require Adobe® Acrobat® Professional to build an AeB document, and yes, it works for pdftex and dvipdfm.
The AeB contains support packages for
designing the screen size of your PDF
creating graphics overlays
writing interactive exercises and quizzes (with or without solutions)
inserting Adobe® Acrobat® form elements
embedding JavaScript into the document
An extensive set of examples and detailed documentation of usage accompanies the distribution. Many educators world-wide are using AeB to write educational materials for publication on the Internet. Why not you?
Get your copy of the AeB now!. It's free!
For further information on the AeB please also check the AeB website.


text:
Mixed-race is the fastest-growing ethnic group in the UK and is where a person's background is made up of two or more different ethnicities.
Although there's advantages in being exposed to multiple cultures, being mixed race also comes with challenges and complications, as people often feel pressured to identify with one race more than the other. It's very common for mixed race people to be perceived as either black or white, rather than both.
In this podcast, Eudene Griffith, Employability Trainer and Race Lead within the Diversity and Inclusion team, and Gemma Heywood, Employment Psychologist, share their experience of being mixed-race women.
They describe the confusion surrounding their identity as teenagers, being teased at school for their "fuzzy" hair and how they've learnt to reconcile, embrace, and adore their dual heritage as they've grown older.
Listen to the podcast "Where do I belong?" on YouTube.
For more inspiring podcasts and other stories on Black History Month, don't forget to visit _URL_


text:
In designing Investigator a lot of time was spent looking at the bubble characteristics of the hull using scale models in simulation tanks. Bubbles interfere with the performance of acoustic instruments so to reduce the problem, instruments need to be below the bubble layer created by the hull.
This is achieved by mounting the sensitive acoustic instruments on a large gondola, like a winged keel, mounted 1.2 metres below the hull, well below the bubble zone.
At around 13 metres long and about 9 metres wide, the gondola is able to carry important acoustic instruments including two 'swath mappers' to map the seafloor.
Swath mappers use an array of transmitters that send out acoustic signal beam downwards and sideways, and then measure the signal strength and return time on a receiver array. This builds up a topographic map of the sea floor under the ship.
If it is 7 km deep where the seafloor is being mapped, then the total journey of any acoustic signals being sent from the ship and then reflected from the seafloor will be at least 14 km. Given the depths at which mapping will occur any interference can impact on the quality of the signals received and the maps that can be generated. The gondola is important in positioning the swath mappers below the bubble layer and the quietness of the vessel further assists in reducing interference thereby increasing the quality of the maps that can be produced.
The gondola also contains the sub-bottom profiler which can map the sediments of the seabed.
Updated: 27 November 2014


text:
Rating: 8,3/10 (2434 votes)
Most Tumski description and photos - Poland: Wroclaw. Detailed information about the attraction. Description, photographs and a map showing the nearest significant objects. The title in English is Most Tumski.
Photo and description
Tumski Bridge is a steel bridge over the Oder River in Wroclaw. The bridge was built in 1889 and replaced the old wooden bridge. In the past, the bridge was open to car traffic, but now it is a pedestrian bridge. Tumski Bridge is also called the Bridge of Lovers, as newlyweds often hang locks here, symbolizing their strong feelings, and the keys are thrown from the bridge into the river.
The first wooden bridge was built on this site in the 12th century and functioned until the middle 19th century, after which it was replaced by a modern steel bridge by the architect Alfred von Scholz. The two-span bridge is almost 53 meters long and 6.8 meters wide. The grand opening of the Tumski Bridge took place in the presence of the city authorities and Mayor Ferdinand Friedensburg.
In 1893, sculptures by Gustav Grunenberg appeared on the bridge: St. John the Baptist and St. Jadwiga. The bridge was lit by gas lanterns that can be seen today. In 1945, the first major overhaul of the bridge was carried out, required after the siege of the Breslau fortress.
In October 1976, the Tumskiy Bridge was included in the Register of Historical Monuments. Currently, Tumskiy Bridge is not only a tourist attraction, but also a favorite place for urban youth.
We also recommend reading Basilique de Saint-Denis description and photos - France: Paris
Topic: Most Tumski description and photos - Poland: Wroclaw.


text:
Air Balloon is a high quality model
The 3D model was created on real Air Balloon base.
- No special plugin needed to open scene.
- Correctly scaled accurate representation of the original objects.
- All colors can be easily modified.
- Model is fully textured with all materials applied.
- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.
- Every model has been checked with the appropriate software.


Printer-friendly version
Send by email
Cool science in action
During this field trip you will be following scientists as they collect samples of sea ice microbes and how much of a food source they are for fish, penguins and seals.
Stephen Wing from Otago University in Dunedin will be leading a group of scientists and graduate students who will be working in Antarctica to find out more about Sea Ice Microbial Communities (SIMCO) and how much they add to the marine food web in terms of food (energy).
Aim
The aim of this project is to find out if plants living on sea ice are needed for food by animals living in or near the sea. Then work will be done to see if this food is important to fish which penguins and seals rely on.
Method
To find out how sea ice microbes fit into the Antarctic food web scientists need to be able to trace how much of this plant life is eaten by different animals and how much of their energy comes from these plants. Scientists are also interested in how this changes as the amount of sea ice changes.
Using chemistry
Scientists need to show what happens to the plant life growing in sea ice. Using chemistry, scientists can measure the amount of a special kind of carbon (carbon 13 atoms). These atoms only show up in plants growing on sea ice. This carbon can then be followed or tracked to see how much ends up as food for animals such as fish, penguins and seals.
What will the scientists do in Antarctica?
 1. measure the amount of C13 in SIMCO
 2. measure the amount of C13 in different animals (from small invertebrates through to fish, penguins and seals) along a line (transect) from permanent sea ice to open sea.
Past research shows that SIMCO (the sea ice microbial community) is an important source of food for animals living below the sea ice in McMurdo Sound in Antarctica.
The 2014 scientists will be looking at the marine food web under the sea ice. They will use chemistry to track the amount of energy (food) that comes from sea ice microbial communities through to larger animals like penguins and seals.
You will be following scientists as they collect and record samples (gather data) by;
 - diving
 - taking photographs
 - fishing
 - visiting penguin colonies and seal haul outs.
This project is important because it will help us to understand how the amount of sea ice affects the amount of food available for animals feeding below the sea ice.
It will help explain the role of sea ice in Antarctic food webs and how animals may be affected if there is less sea ice due to climate change.
Scientists drill into the sea ice to collect samples from sea ice microbial communities. Image: Stephen Wing.
,
A dive hut protects a hole that has been drilled through the ice in McMurdo Sound to complete research on marine ecosystems. Image LEARNZ.
,
Scientists work with samples collected from the field in the Scott Base wet lab.
,
A Weddell seal pops up through a hole that has been drilled in the sea ice while scientists are collecting samples using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). What would the benefits of using an ROV instead of diving be?
What challenges do you think these scientists will face? What factors do you think will affect the accuracy of the data they collect?


text:
process of collecting students Aadhaar number has already begun. It will be then uploaded in a single system to make the identification process easier. As of now, the last date for the submission of Aadhaar card in school is 31 December 2017. There are anticipations that the number of students enrolled under mid-day meal will reduce once the entire process will complete.
30th October 2017
Aadhaar Card is now mandatory for students of Haryana board exams
For the board exams in 2017, the possession of Aadhaar card for students has been made compulsory by the Haryana Board of School Education (HBSE). Earlier this year, Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSHSEB) made Aadhaar card number mandatory for students of 10th and 12th classes. Also, Aadhar is compulsory for the candidates who are appearing for the Joint Entrance Exam (JEE).
In an attempt to prevent the forgery of education certificates, HBSE announced that the provision of the card was already present but it was not made mandatory. Keeping the usefulness of Aadhaar details, the board has now made it mandatory to produce Aadhar card. Considering the fact that Aadhaar details are now important in order to enroll for the board exams, the HBSE has extended the registration date for Class 12 examinations. Earlier, Aadhaar card was used for board exam's enrollment process but it was not mandatory. After Gujarat and Maharashtra, Haryana has now become the third board to add Aadhaar card in the enrollment checklist.
The HBSE will validate the details provided by students against the UIDAI's data to make sure that there is no duplication of the records. It will also help the board in maintaining and improving the overall transparency of the examination process.
If you are going to appear for the 2017 board exams, you should verify your Aadhaar card details for accuracy. If the details are not accurate, you should get it corrected as soon as possible
27th December 2016


text:
The Caroline Dormon Trail in Kisatchie National Forest is one of the best ways to access remote wilderness in Louisiana. A point-to-point trail, Caroline Dorman stretches 10.5 miles through beautiful and somewhat rare longleaf pine forest. The trail is named after a botanist and naturalist who was born in 1888. Caroline Dorman was the first to propose the creation of the Louisiana State Arboretum, which was the first state-supported arboretum of its kind. She also helped spearhead the creation and protection of Kisatchie National Forest.
The trail begins almost directly off of the Longleaf Scenic Byway. There is ample parking, including large spaces for trucks with horse trailers. The trail is very well-marked with orange blazes that are clearly displayed on the longleaf pines. The trail has some inclines and declines along the way, but overall it is relatively flat and can be finished rather quickly. Something about hiking through this forest is especially peaceful and quiet, allowing for a good opportunity to do some reflecting.
One of the best ways to see the trail in its entirety is via backpacking. There are several primitive campsites along the trail, or you could push through the entire trail and camp at the opposite end in Kisatchie Bayou Campground. The trail ends at this campground, which is located right next to the Kisatchie Bayou. The sound of rushing water from the bayou is lovely and will help you fall asleep at night. To increase your camping/hiking options in Kisatchie National Forest, you can connect to the Backbone Trail and/or Sandstone Trail to make your backpacking adventure a multi-day experience.
Another attraction in the area is the Longleaf Scenic Byway, which has several points of interest along 17 miles of road. Be sure to stop and check out the view from Longleaf Vista along the byway.


text:
The Justus Liebig Laboratory in Gießen, Germany, has been awarded the EuChemS Historical Landmarks Award in recognition of its pioneering research and teaching role in the development of chemistry as a modern science. The award was presented in a ceremony where a plaque was installed at the entrance of the building, where Liebig conducted his research and trained international scientists from 1824 to 1852. The building is a museum since 1920.
The Justus Liebig Society, which operates the museum, aims to preserve the historical and scientific context of Liebig's laboratory. The museum has an exhibition area of 379 m² and offers experimental lectures to the general public. It receives approximately 8,000 visitors from all over the world every year.
The ceremony included speeches from Gerd Hamscher (pictured on the right), Chairman of the Justus Liebig Society and Professor at Justus Liebig University in Gießen, Martin Rößler, Regierungsvizepräsident of the Gießen Regional Council of the State of Hesse, and Frank-Tilo Becher, Mayor of the City of Gießen. Angela Agostiano (pictured), President-elect of EuChemS and Professor at the University of Bari, Italy, introduced the work of EuChemS and the Historical Landmarks Award programme.
The Historical Landmarks Award recognizes sites that have played a decisive role in shaping the cultural fabric and history of Europe, to acknowledge the importance of chemistry for European history and cultural heritage. It was introduced in 2018 and has been given to six other sites in Europe: the Ytterby Mine in Sweden, the ABEA industrial complex on Crete in Greece, the mines of Almaden in Spain, the Edessa hemp factory in Greece, the research station on the Jungfraujoch in Switzerland, and the chemical laboratories in Coimbra in Lisbon and Porto in Portugal. The Liebig Laboratory is the first site in Germany to be awarded.
Christoph Meinel, Chairman of the GDCh Commission Historical Sites of Chemistry and Emeritus Professor at the University of Regensburg, Germany, and Peter R. Schreiner (pictured below), Professor at the Justus Liebig-University Gießen, provided an introduction to Liebig's life and work. Justus von Liebig, one of the founders of organic chemistry, made significant contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry. He transformed chemistry education by combining research and teaching in a laboratory, engaging his students in a way that became the norm. Liebig was also a prominent European figure, mentored by influential chemists (Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac) and author of the popular book Chemische Briefe (1844), which was widely translated. He founded Annalen der Chemie (1832), a leading chemistry journal still in circulation today under the name European Journal of Organic Chemistry.
|Peter Schreiner explains Liebig's Five-Bulb Apparatus for the elemental analysis of organic substances.
Also of Interest
The place of Liebig's first experimental lectures and part of the Liebig Museum caught fire
24 destinations for your bucket list—join our chemistry Europe trip
Remembering Emanuel August Merck (1855 – 1923) on his 100th death anniversary
2017-2019 President of the Italian Chemical Society (SCI), Angela Agostiano, about her vision for chemical societies and the societal importance of chemistry


text:
Derby Community Centre was constructed in approximately 1967, with an addition, forming the second-floor community space, added in 1976. The arena housed seasonal ice up until the mid 1980's. The space is now available for community use and is routinely used by the Derby Pioneers every Monday. Other uses of the facility include Roller Derby which make use of the arena floor approximately weekly through the late spring and summer, and Owen Sound lacrosse who make use of the arena floor for a few weeks early in the spring for training, before moving to Shallow Lake (once ice is out) and then Owen Sound. The facility is currently under-utilized with less than 15 hours of programming a week on average.
Artificial turf is in high demand by several sports' user groups, notably soccer, lacrosse, and baseball locally, but also field hockey, ultimate frisbee and other sports uses. Artificial turf is also commonly used by other community groups for a variety of activities including community events, youth and children's camps and birthday parties. Artificial turf provides several benefits over natural turf, providing a consistent surface regardless of weather conditions, and a surface which is durable to use. Indoor artificial turf further extends these benefits by providing year-round accessibility. However, artificial turf is expensive to install, leading to higher hourly rates for use, or the need for subsidies. As a result of high user costs, private facilities are limited, and new built community-based facilities tend to be limited to high population centres.
Ontario Sport Development (OSD)
Ontario Sport Development (OSD) is an incorporated private company. OSD's roots are in partnership with Brampton North Soccer with whom OSD has established indoor artificial and outdoor turf programs in several communities including Brampton, Mississauga, Alliston, Barrie and now Angus.
Given the high cost of new indoor artificial turf and the challenging business model to recoup initial outlay, OSD are looking for under-utilized facilities in communities where there is a desire for artificial turf, that could be re-purposed for artificial turf purposes. OSD have approached the Township in respect to Derby Community Centre with a proposal to assume operation of the Community Centre for a period of at least 10 years to support and service the community with an indoor artificial turf facility at rates which are attractive to local user groups.
OSD would assume the full operation of the Derby Community Centre, both the arena floor and community room. OSD have indicated that they would be willing to assume any and all agreements that the Township has with existing user groups and honour these throughout their operation of the centre assuming that such use is compatible with the artificial turf. OSD would be responsible for all operational costs, and staffing of the facility, and currently propose to have a full-time staff person employed at the site. OSD believe that at least 40 hours of programming a week can be generated on average at Derby. The Township would retain ownership and responsibility for capital costs associated with the building. OSD would invest in the installation of artificial turf and would look for the Township to partner on the costs of installing radiant heat heating to the arena to support year-round activity.
An annual lease with income of approximately $5,000 annually is anticipated.
The Township would need to contribute approximately $10,000 toward the installation of radiant heat. The 2023 budget included $375,000 for the modernization of municipally owned buildings, the Township's portion of the costs for installing radiant heat could be funded from this.
Approximately $15,000 in annual floor and pioneer hall rental income would no longer be collected as revenue by the Township.
The Township currently donates $10,000 per year to the Derby Pioneers (equating to their rental fees each year) and it is anticipated that this support would continue to be requested from the Township to offset rental fees that would now be owed to OSD as operators of the Community Centre.
The Township currently allocates some facility staff resources to opening and closing the building and cleaning (building operations). This amounts to approximately 2 - 3 days a month; these resources would no longer be required. However, staff resources to ensure the appropriate management of the building would still be required.
The Township would commit to maintaining the building fabric for a period of no less than 10 years; as indicated, this is likely committing $1.5M. Staff believe that access to grants to support building infrastructure will be limited in nature without significant improvements to environmental performance and accessibility.


text:
Danes start celebrations early during festive season
There are a lot of differences between Christmas in Hong Kong and Denmark. Christmas is a very important festival in Denmark, even more important than New Year, and there are a lot of Christmas traditions.
Four weeks before Christmas Eve, the Danes begin to celebrate Christmas by lighting up one of the Advent candles, a traditional decoration put up in Denmark every year before Christmas.
There are four candles and one is lit each weekend. On the last weekend before Christmas, all four candles would have been lit.
The Danes put up Christmas trees with beautiful lights in front of their houses. They also have Advent calendars for children. From the first of December, children get a small present from their parents every day, until December 24.
Meanwhile, teenagers take on the role of julenissens, Santa's helpers in Danish fairytales, and give a classmate a present or greeting card.
On Christmas Eve, the whole family gets together for a big meal. Ris is manden is served for dessert. There will be an almond in one or two servings of the dessert. If you get the almond, you have to hide it. After the meal, the cook, usually the mother, will ask who has the almond, and whoever does will get a small present.
After dinner, the family will sing and dance around the Christmas tree which is illuminated with candles. It is a really warm and happy festival.
Chi-man is an exchange student from Hong Kong


text:
The Wolfskill Grant
Four leagues was relatively small compared to other Mexican land grants, but local legend has it John wanted only as much land as he could cover on horseback in one day from sunup to sundown. On current maps, the four leagues include 10,750 acres in what became Solano County and 7,004 acres in Yolo County.
"According to local legend, John Wolfskill judged the fertility of the soil by the height of the native grain, cutting back toward the creek whenever the grain no longer came up to the highest point on his horse's back," says historian Larkey, author of the book, Winters: A Heritage of Horticulture, a Harmony of Purpose. "That could explain why the land grant's northern boundary, now marked by Russell Boulevard, follows an irregular stair-step contour roughly parallel to Putah Creek."
John arrived at Putah Creek in mid-July 1842 and set about settling the property he called "Rancho de los Putos". The property stayed in William Wolfskill's name until 1849, when half of it was transferred to John. Legal issues ensued when California became part of the United States in 1850, but by 1854, William was finally able to transfer the entire ranch to John.
Read the full article, "History Lessons," (pdf) from The Leaflet, UC Davis Plant Sciences, by Diane Nelson.
Olive trees planted by John line the entrance and a bronze plaque reads:
"In 1842 John Reid Wolfskill arrived here laden with fruit seeds and cuttings. He was a true horticulturist and became the father of the fruit industry in the region.
In 1937 Mrs. Francis Wolfskill Taylor Wilson, his daughter, bequeathed 107.28 acres to the University of California for an experimental farm.
From this portion of the Rancho de los Putos the University's research has since enriched the state's horticultural industry."
California Registered Historical Landmark No. 804. Plaque placed by the California State Park Commission in cooperation with the Solano County Historical Society - May 30, 1996


text:
i encountered the following question during nclex review:
the best action to establish correct placement of a gastric tube is for the nurse to
a) aspirate for the color and ph test b) inject air while listening for the gastric gurgle c) check the results of the x-ray results of tube placement d) measure the residual volume then reinsert the aspirate
you chose:c)check the results of the x-ray results of tube placement
the correct answer is a: aspirate for the color and ph test. all of the options are safe actions. however checking the color and ph are the best actions for verification of tube placement.
i selected xray, because visualization is the best confirmation is it not? i consulted my saunders review book and it states that the most reliable method of placement confirmation is xray after initial placement. thereafter, aspiration and ph test should be used to check placement most accurately.
okay, am i missing something in this question? i was taught not to assume, but am i supposed to assume that this is after initial placement, or that the xray results are not from a current xray but from the initial placement?
the question asked best action of the nurse, the only way that i would be able to understand why this answer is correct is if checking the results of an xray is not an action of the nurse. how would you answer this question for nclex purposes, a or c, and if you could please explain your thinking.
thanks to all who answer!


Apache Commons logo
This document contains a mixture of information, advice and examples. It is intended to be a recommendation of best practices for Commons components. The instructions provided here are consistent with, but not a replacement for the ASF Release Guidelines.
The Apache Commons project uses the Nexus installation at the Apache Software Foundation to stage Maven artifacts before the release and later publish them; the Commons Parent POM contains all the necessary configuration. This guide covers deploying to Nexus using Maven. For alternatives see the ASF wide documentation. If this is the first time you are publishing to the ASF's Nexus instance you'll need to prepare your development environment.
The examples below assume that preparation is being made to release version 1.2 of component Foo.
Build Environments
Commons components are expected to use Maven to build the project website. Components may choose to use either Maven or Ant to build the actual jar and tar/zip files to be distributed, although it is recommended that Maven be used for this. Both approaches are covered below. The version of Maven used is assumed to be Maven 3 throughout. At a minimum, Commons releases must include full source distributions packaged in tar and zip archives.
This document assumes that the release is being prepared on a linux/unix system, and that steps are being executed from the command-line. The principles are the same, however, for a release prepared on other operating systems.
Select a Release Manager
A commons committer (normally one of the development team) should post an email to the development list proposing that a release be made and nominating a release manager. Typically, the proposer volunteers as the release manager and it passes by lazy consensus.
Update KEYS file if necessary
If the release manager has not yet performed a Commons release, they may need to add their public key to the Commons KEYS file, which is located at: _URL_ Note that the SVN directory contains the current releases of all "proper" Commons components, so use a command such as the following to check it out without downloading every Commons project:
 svn co --depth=files _URL_
The public key should also be uploaded to a public keyserver.
Create a Release Plan
A release plan should also be prepared, in which the tasks remaining to be done before the release are listed. It may be useful to prepare draft release notes before proposing the release, so that others can see what changes are expected for the new release.
Using a Release Branch
Consider whether a release branch is needed before preparing for the new release. In general, Commons components are small enough that there is no need for a release branch, but if active development will continue on the next version while a release is being made then trunk should be branched to allow this.
All components using git should always use a release branch.
If a release branch is taken then work will be required to merge any changes back into the trunk.
Creating a release branch with SVN
The description below assumes a release is being prepared using the code in trunk for SVN based components. The process is nearly identical when preparing from a release branch: only the directory in which the work is performed is different.
 cd to the project's base directory in your subversion working copy.
 svn update trunk
 svn cp trunk branches/foo-1.2-release
 svn commit -m "Creating foo-1.2-release branch" branches/foo-1.2-release
Note that the "svn update" step is necessary in order to ensure that the directory being copied does not have a mix of files at various revisions; even if the files haven't changed since the last svn update this can cause "svn log -v" on the new directory to report files as having been (R)eplaced.
Alternatively, use "svn cp URLsrc URLtag"
 svn cp -m "Creating foo-1.2-release branch" \
 _URL_ \
which will copy files internally within the repository without using the local working copy: this always ensures a clean copy is made.
Creating a release branch with git
All git specific commands in the description below assume that you're on the release branch.
 git checkout -b release
Check Compatibility
Consult the Commons Versioning Guidelines and check that the current level of compatibility is suitable for the proposed version number. Check the current level of compatibility in the code. Tools like Clirr and JDiff are very useful. Both support Ant and Maven.
Check Javadocs And Code Style
Ensure all new classes and methods have _USER_ tags. Compatibility reports produced in the last section may prove helpful.
Ensure no errors or warnings are reported by the Javadoc tool. Check that the Javadocs have the correct version number.
If the code is targetted at Java 7 or before, check that the Javadoc can still be created using Javadoc 8. Javadoc 8 is a lot stricter about the syntax. Ideally fix all the syntax errors. However if this is not feasible in the time-scale, consider adding a temporary profile to the pom to disable the stricter checking:

If the component uses checkstyle, findbugs or PMD tools, examine the reports and fix all problems.
Configure the Build to Generate a Complete Set of Release Artifacts
For builds using Maven, the contents of the source and binary distributions are configured in assembly descriptors. By convention, these are stored in src/main/assembly and named src.xml and bin.xml, respectively. Names and locations for these files are specified in the maven-assembly-plugin configuration in the pom. Make sure that all (and only) files that should be included in the source and binary distributions are included in the fileset elements of the descriptors. Look at some recently released components' descriptors for comparison. At a minimum, both source and binary distributions must include the release notes, license and notice files.
Update the version numbers in pom.xml and build.xml to the new release version, in this example, 1.2. For Maven builds, make sure that the build properties are properly set. Review the properties section of the pom:
 <-- properties not related to versioning -->
 Encoding of Java source files: ensures that the compiler and
 the javadoc generator use the right encoding. Subprojects may
 overwrite this, if they are using another encoding.

Make sure that the release version is set to the new release and that the compile and source targets are set correctly. Generate and check in a new download page for the component:
 mvn [-N] commons:download-page [-Dcommons.release.version=m.n]
 svn commit -m "Updated download page in preparation for 1.2 release." src/site/xdoc/download_foo.xml
Or when using git:
 git commit -am "Updated download page in preparation for 1.2 release." src/site/xdoc/download_foo.xml
Note that the target directory must exist beforehand, and that for a multi-module project the -N (non-recursive) parameter should be specified on the mvn command line. The release version can be overridden with -Dcommons.release.version=m.n if you want to create the new file without updating the pom (e.g. before creating the tag)
When using Ant, typically the Ant "dist" target produces the source and binary distributions. Included files are specified in the target or sub-targets and should be verified similarly to above.
Test the "Ant dist" or "mvn assembly:assembly" command and inspect the tars/zips and jars produced. Verify that
 1. "Ant dist" or "mvn site" succeeds from the unpacked source distribution.
 2. The jar manifests include LICENSE and NOTICE files and the contents of these files are correct.
 3. The jar manifests contain X-Compile-Source-JDK and X-Compile-Target-JDK entries set to the correct values.
 4. The jar manifests include correctly set OSGi bundle properties (ask for help verifying these on commons-dev if necessary).
 5. The jar manifests include the following required properties, set to the correct values(*):
 Extension-Name: org.apache.commons.foo
 Specification-Title: Apache Commons Foo
 Specification-Vendor: The Apache Software Foundation
 Specification-Version: 1.2
 Implementation-Vendor-Id: org.apache
 Implementation-Title: org.apache.commons.foo
 Implementation-Vendor: The Apache Software Foundation
 Implementation-Version: 1.2
 Built-By:
 6. "mvn site" generates the documentation correctly and all links are working.
Do not proceed with tagging or cutting RCs until you have a fully working build that produces a good set of distribution artifacts. If your component supports both Ant and Maven builds, make sure that the build succeeds using both on all supported JDK versions. If you have access to multiple platforms, test the build(s) on as many as you can.
(*) The default configuration of the build will use the name of the current logged in user as value for the Built-By MANIFEST header. Use -Duser.name= to change this.
Creating a Release Candidate
Resolve Bugs
Resolve all bugs on that version! They can be resolved by:
 - fixing
 - marking them as INVALID or WONTFIX


You are here
Educational Institutions
Schools, Colleges and Universities put the quality of instruction and the students' education as their highest priority. A healthy, safe and clean environment is part of the complete learning experience.
Scot Young (Western) Limited has specialized in cleaning and maintenance programs for all levels of educational facilities. Our comprehensive programs take into consideration the diverse needs of each facility. Our commitment is to provide a cost effective, quality service that will integrate student learning, with all other activities, events and functions.
Scot Young (Western) can also provide specialty services for Physical Education and Recreational Facilities, Student Activity Centers, Food Service Areas, Daycares and Summer Camp Programs.


Signup/Sign In
filter() Function in Python
Posted in Programming LAST UPDATED: SEPTEMBER 4, 2021
 The filter() function in Python is a built-in function that filters a given input sequence(an iterable) of data based on a function which generally returns either true or false for data elements of the input sequence.
 For example, if we have a list with some random numeric values and a function to check whether a given number is odd or not, then we can use the filter() function, pass the list(an iterable) and the function to check for odd numbers to it, the filter function will then return us a list of only odd numbers from the given list. Hence the filter() function will test the elements of the list against the function and will filter out the list elements for which the given function returns True.
 The filter() function creates an iterator object out of a given iterable object with only those elements which pass the function or for which the function given in filter() function returns True.
 Syntax of the filter() function:
 Following is the syntax of the filter() function,
 filter(function, sequence/iterable)
 It takes two arguments, first one is a function which should return True or False based on whatever evaluation done on input data. And the second argument expected is an iterable object.
 The function checks whether every element of the sequence is true or false.
 The sequence can be a list, tuple, set, or any other iterable object.
 Important Points to Note:
 1. If the function is not None(i.e. a valid function is provided), this translates to (item for item in sequence/iterable if function(item)).
 2. If the function is None, it translates to (item for item in iterable if item). In that case, all the elements of the given sequence are passed through the filter and are available in the result.
 3. If the function doesn't return anything (or returns None), it returns False for every element of the list, which means none of the element of the sequence is passed through the filter and the result contains an empty object.
 Time for an Example
 In the example below, we have a list of numeric values. And we have a function even_numbers() which returns True if a number passed as a parameter is an even number otherwise returns False. We will be using the filter() function to list down all the even numbers in the given list:
 numbers = [1,2,6,7,13,14,12,17,16,53,67,34,75,48]
 def even_numbers(num):
 if(num%2 == 0):
 return True
 else:
 return False

 evenNums = filter(even_numbers, numbers)
 print('Even Numbers are:')
 for num in evenNums:
 print(num)
 Output:
 Even Numbers are:
 2
 6
 14
 12
 16
 34
 48
 Note: In the above code, the function and the iterable have been explicitly mentioned and hence the output was as above.
 What happens when None value is given instead of passing the function as a parameter?
 A random list of data has been created below, which consists of integers, strings, and Boolean values. When the function parameter to the filter function is None it filters out data based on whether the element is True or False and returns the element based on the same condition. Therefore, in the example below, all the elements of the list are present in the result:
 new_list = [0, 1, 'a', 'B', False, True, '0', '4']
 filteredList = filter(None, new_list)
 print('Filtered elements')
 for element in filteredList:
 print(element)
 Output:
 Filtered elements
 1
 a
 B
 True
 0
 4

 What happens if the funtion doesn't return anything?
 If the function passed to the filter() function does not return anything than all the elements of the sequence are evaluted as False. For example,
 numbers = [1,2,6,7,13,14,12,17,16,53,67,34,75,48]
 def even_numbers(num):
 # do something but dont return
 pass

 evenNums = filter(even_numbers, numbers)
 print('Even Numbers are:')
 for num in evenNums:
 print(num)
 Output:
 Even Numbers are:

 filter() Function with Lambda
 In the examples above, we learned the basic use of filter() function. The filter function is most commonly used with the lambda function so as to separate out elements of a data structure like tuple, list or set etc and store them in a different data structure. In a lambda function, the function is not defined separately, rather the function body is present as a parameter to the filter function.
 In the example below, the filter function has a lambda function as its first parameter and a sequence of data. The lambda function checks whether a number is odd, and if it is odd, the number passes the filter. Using the filter() function like this returns an object of the filter function with all the parameters set and if we want to see the result, then we have to create list of the result, as shown in the example below.
 sequence_of_int = [ 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13]
 filter_function = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 1, sequence_of_int)
 print(list(filter_function))
 Output:
 [1, 5, 7, 9, 13]

 Quick Fact
 If you have Python 3.x, the filter method returns a generator, i.e which can be traversed through. If you are using Python 2.x version, the filter method returns a list.
 filter(function, data) in Python 2.x version is same as list(filter(function, data)) in Python 3.x version
 Conclusion
 In this post, we learned how a filter function can be useful in filtering out data based on a specific condition or based on whether a data element in a sequence in True or False.
 You may also like:
 Published by: SmritiSatyan
 Tags:PythonPython Library FunctionsProgramming
 IF YOU LIKE IT, THEN SHARE IT

 RELATED POSTS


Calculating polygon areas in QGIS?
 - How do I calculate areas of an area shapefile in square meters or in acres (ha)?
 I didn't find that functionality in the vector tools.
 - Stev_k
 Stev_k Correct answer
 8 years ago
 Make the layer editable, then use the field calculator (Layer>Open attribute table>Field Calculator/Ctrl+I or right click shapefile>Open attribute table>Field Calculator/Ctrl+I). There is an operator "$area" that will calculate the area of each row in the table. All units will be calculated in the units of the projection, so you probably want to project it to a projection that uses feet or metres before doing that, rather than lat/lon.
 In current versions of QGIS if your data is in a Geographic CRS you can use the function transform() to project the geometries to a projected system (Preferably an equal area one) without the need to duplicate your data. In the Field calculator, something like this should work: area($geometry, 'EPSG:4326','EPSG:3763')
 _USER_: Do you mean 'area(transform($geometry, 'EPSG:4326','EPSG:3763'))'?
 _USER_ yes, my mistake.
 - This can also be done with Vector|Geometry Tools|Add/export geometry columns, which creates a new shapefile with area and perimeter (or length) columns added.
 Edit: (using the tool above, you can also unselect "save as new shape-file" in V1.8, the shapefile is now only updated!)
 Using the field calculator is probably a better idea, though, as it doesn't require the creation of a new shapefile.
 You can't change the attributes of the shapefile without enabling editing first, (calculating area counts as editing the attributes, you are adding a new column). Keep in mind that all units will be calculated in the units of the projection (meters bu default), so you to re-project it to a projected coordinate system first.
 - I wrote a script specifically for this. If you don't want to reproject your data, you can compute the area using ellipsoidal math.
 Processing Toolbox -> Tools -> Get scripts from on-line scripts collection -> Ellipsoidal Area
 You will find the script installed in Processing Toolbox -> Utils -> Ellipsoidal area
 The tool should be self explanatory and will allow you to calculate area in units of your choice regardless of projection.
 Can you give better example as code?
 - If the areas you are looking at are liable to change, such as looking at infrastructure layouts, catchment areas, study areas etc, I find it useful to simply label the areas, instead of adding them as attributes.
 Label-> round($area/10000,2)||' ha'
 This way you don't need to remember to update the catchment areas in the attribute tables as often.
 won't this save your values as strings? I would advise against saving numerical data as strings and instead include the area unit in the field name.
 - If not getting very accurate area calculations does not bother you (or if you do not want to play with different options in the field calculator as mentioned by some of the answers and comments above), in the current version of QGIS (i.e., QGIS 3.12) there is an easy way to deal with this. Go to "Project >> Properties >> General" and change the units for distance and area measurements. Now $area in the field calculator automatically transform the CRS for area (and for other geometric calculations if that matters).
 However, I personally recommend doing the method by _USER_ as it will give you more accurate results. Though you have to do a little search that what will be the 3rd parameter of transform function, i.e., most suitable CRS for your area of interest and its units.
 enter image description here
License under CC-BY-SA with attribution
Content dated before 6/26/2020 9:53 AM
Tags used


text:
Performance of piezoceramic sensors
thesisposted on 08.06.2021, 07:48 authored by Rummaan Syed Ahmed
This study is in continuation of the previous research conducted at Ryerson University to develop a model for active monitoring of reinforced concrete members using piezo-ceramic sensor. In the previous research large concrete beam were investigated. The following study examines the performance of piezo-ceramic sensor to monitor maturity of concrete and to evaluate crack width of large base width concrete plates. Small scale beams and large scale slabs specimens were tested under three and four points bending respectively to evaluate the effectiveness of piezo-sensors at different failure modes. Test results from small scale beams were used to model correlation between concrete crack width/strains and sensor signals. The test result indicated that piezo-sensor can be used for active concrete strength monitoring at later stages. It can also be used as an effective indicator of crack width for reinforced concrete members with small base width.


text:
Reading Group Guide
The Quilter's Homecoming By Jennifer Chiaverini
Reading Group Discussion Guide
1. How does Henry Nelson differ from the other suitors that Elizabeth Bergstrom entertains? How is his decision to purchase a ranch in California connected to his desire to marry Elizabeth? Why do both families feel apprehensive about the newlyweds' intention to move west?
2. What do the two quilts that her family makes in preparation for her wedding and journey to California represent to Elizabeth? Why is the Chimneys and Cornerstones pattern more precious to Elizabeth than the Double Wedding Ring pattern? Why does Elizabeth agree to trade the quilts to Mrs. Diegel, and what does her decision to do so reveal about her attitude toward sacrifice in her marriage?
3. "Each of those scraps held a special memory for Elizabeth. She would collect others...and stitch them together into a patchwork of memories, a record of their journey." How do the quilts Elizabeth makes and mends function as a record of the events of the past and present in The Quilter's Homecoming? How do the quilts Elizabeth discovers contain secrets and messages from one generation to the next?
4. Why might Henry and Elizabeth be "easy marks" for hustlers like Mae and Peter? Why does Henry refuse Peter's business proposal when he believes himself to be the owner of Triumph Ranch, but choose to give all of his meager savings to Mae when he and Elizabeth are practically destitute?
5. How does the story of Rosa's family and the hardships they experience connect to the story of Elizabeth and Henry Nelson's difficulties in the Arboles Valley? Why do you think the author decided to intersperse and overlap these families' stories in the novel? To what extent does such a narrative format resemble the process of quilting?
6. "We're ranchers, not movie stars." How does Elizabeth's brief encounter with the Hollywood producer, Grover Higgins, affect her? Why is Henry so opposed to her taking a screen test? How does marriage change Elizabeth's dreams for her future, and in what ways does marriage enable her to fulfill her dreams?
7. How would you characterize the Jorgensen family, and why do they agree to take on Elizabeth and Henry Nelson as workers? Why does Mrs. Jorgensen's treatment of Elizabeth infuriate Henry? How is the Nelsons' cabin on the Jorgensen farm important in Elizabeth's discoveries about Rosa and her family?
8. Why does John Barclay despise Lars Jorgensen, and to what extent do you think his hatred is justified? Why are others in the Arboles Valley uncomfortable around the Barclay children? Why does Elizabeth help Rosa in her efforts to escape her unhappy life with John Barclay, and what does her action reveal about Elizabeth's sense of justice?
9. Which character or characters in The Quilter's Homecoming did you most identify with and why? How did the description of quilts and quilting impact your appreciation of what these characters had to endure over the years? What do you think is the "homecoming" referred to in the title, and whose homecoming is it?
10. Why are Elizabeth and Henry initially suspicious of the offer of the Barclay Farm, and what ultimately wins them over and leads to their acceptance of the property? How have they "earned" the right to name it Triumph Ranch? Why is it significant that Elizabeth finds no trace of the quilts or photo album that Rosa cherished?
11. In The Quilter's Homecoming, the quilting that occurs is primarily done in solitude -- we get a glimpse of the Bergstrom women quilting, but for the most part, we see Elizabeth alone mending the quilts she discovers in the cabin on the Jorgensen farm. To what extent is quilting Elizabeth's way of feeling connected with her far-flung family?
Enhance Your Book Club
1. To view an online gallery of quilt patterns and quilts inspired by those featured in Jennifer Chiaverini's Elm Creek novels, visit the author's website: _URL_ and click on "Gallery." Check Jennifer's Chiaverini's event schedule to find out when she's coming to read in your region and plan a trip with your book club.
2. Were you moved by the Double Wedding Ring and the Chimneys and Cornerstones patterns that Elizabeth's family quilts for her before she travels to California? During your next gathering, why not piece together a quilt that your book club can deliver to someone in need? Bring squares that are meaningful to you and that tell a story. Then, consider donating your quilt to a local charity or shelter.
3. Just how much do you know about quilting? Take a quilting quiz with your fellow book club members _URL_ and see if you can answer such questions as "Where is 'Quilt City, USA'?" When you're done with the quiz, read more about quilting resources in the United States and online through PBS's website, dedicated to the art of quilting.
4. Did you know that quilts have been used as images on U.S. postal stamps? To read more about Gee's Bend, a formerly little-known community of quilters in rural Alabama that has become widely renowned for their craft (and had their art featured on postal stamps), visit: _URL_
5. Food is important to the characters in The Quilter's Homecoming, whether it is the meal of tortillas and tamales that Isabel brings to her daughter, Rosa, or the ripe apricots that tempt the locals in the Arboles Valley. Offer some of these foods at your book club meeting, or try a restaurant that has them on the menu.


text:
Inkjet printing is a widely known technology to generate small droplets for accurate patterning of functional materials. The droplet generation is a complex interaction of the internal pump dimensions, the piezo electric driving conditions and the liquid properties. Standard drop formation is executed in the so-called slosh mode, all fluid in the pump moves against the surface tension spring. This slosh mode produces droplets with a diameter that is of the order of the nozzle diameter. As there is a need for smaller and smaller patterns, especially for non-graphical applications, while still maintaining a robust printing process, i.e. without clogging of the nozzle, it is very interesting to generate smaller size droplets than are made with the slosh model. In this paper it is shown theoretically and experimentally that such droplets can be made via higher order meniscus modes. In such a mode the fluid motion is confined to the very close environment of the meniscus. When the print head and pulse are designed such that an overtone of the waveguide coincides with a symmetric resonance mode of the meniscus it is possible to make stable droplets that are more than an order of magnitude smaller than the standard droplet.
|Title||Ultra small droplet generation in inkjet printing by higher order meniscus oscillations|
Philips Personal Health, Technical Expert Group, Drachten, The Netherlands
|Session||21. Bubbles and droplets IV|
No entries match your request.


A Nepali film based on survivors' accounts of alleged systematic torture and disappearances during the country's civil war which ended in 2006 has been banned following objections from the army.
Badhshala, meaning "Slaughterhouse," records the military's well-documented record of human rights abuses during the conflict.
The ten-year civil war claimed more than 16,000 lives, with 1,400 people remaining "disappeared".
The army says that the film might harm the peace process but critics say the ban reveals censorship, intimidation and a reluctance to confront the past.
Al Jazeera's Subina Shrestha reports from Kathmandu.
Source: Al Jazeera


shape of a pentagonal dodecahedron
 9. 9. HYDRATE FORMATION IN GAS PIPELINES DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGY A.Mitsis E.Michailidi F.Zachopoulos - 14 - 2014 (512) and six large which have the shape of a hexagonal truncated trapezohedron (51262). Hydrates of this category are consisted from a single guest molecule of low molecular weight. The average cavity radius is 3.96 Å for the small cavities and 4.33 Å for the large cavities. Hydrates in the category sII[9, 11, 13] are consisted of 136 water molecules which form two types of cavities, 16 small and 8 large which shape a pentagonal dodecahedron (512) and a pentagonal hexadecahedron (51264) respectively. The average cavity radius is 3.91 Å for the small and 4.73 Å for the large cavities. The unit cell of structure H[9, 11, 13] is consisted of 34 water molecules. Three types of cavities are formed- three small with the shape of pentagonal dodecahedron (512), two medium (435663) and one large (51268). The average cavity radius is 3.91 Å for the small cavity, 4.06 Å for the medium cavity and 5.71 Å for the large cavity. The formation of sH types requires the existence of larger organic molecules. Figure 2.1 Three hydrate unit crystals and constituent cavities[14]
 10. 10. HYDRATE FORMATION IN GAS PIPELINES DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGY A.Mitsis E.Michailidi F.Zachopoulos - 15 - 2014 Furthermore, in addition to the types I,II and H, two more types were referred from Udachin and Ripmeester[15]. Despite the fact that no hydrocarbon molecules have been found in them, their discovery sets the point of conducting new research studies concerning the hydrates' structures. 2.1.1 METHANE HYDRATES Methane hydrates are consisted of methane molecules trapped within water molecules. Methane and ethane crystallizes mainly in the sI structure. Type sI structure is depicted in Figure 2.2. Thus, they are consisted of 46 water molecules. Two types of cavities are formed - two small which have the shape of a pentagonal dodecahedron (512) and six large which have the shape of a hexagonal truncated trapezohedron (51262). They are crystallized in the cubic system. The hydration number ranges from 5.77 to 7.41. NH=5.75 corresponds to complete hydration[16]. As it was mentioned above, methane and ethane crystallizes mainly in structure sI. However, Subramanian et al indicated that, under certain conditions, the formation of type sII hydrates is possible[17]. Raman and NMR spectroscopic measurements were used to identify these structures. Figure 2.2 (a) Linking five 512 polyhedra by two 51262 polyhedra to form structure I (b) Two- dimensional view of face-sharing of 512 polyhedra to form 51264 polyhedra voids for structure II[9]
 11. 11. HYDRATE FORMATION IN GAS PIPELINES DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGY A.Mitsis E.Michailidi F.Zachopoulos - 16 - 2014 2.2 HYDRATE DEVELOPMENT Hydrates are formed as tiny particles at the interface between water and hydrocarbon phases. These coated water droplets begin to grow, if not removed rapidly, up to agglomerate into larger masses hydrates (Figure 2.3). Figure 2.3 Hydrate development 2.3 HYDRATE FORMATION Under certain conditions, water molecules arrange themselves into structures, which form three-dimensional (3D) polyhedra around the gases. These polyhedra then combine to form specific crystalline lattices which entrap the guest molecule. For systems containing both water and low molecular weight hydrocarbons, hydrates should be taken into consideration in the phase diagram. The formation of clathrate hydrates requires certain thermodynamical conditions which include high pressure and low temperatures. Moreover, the formation is depended on the stream's composition as certain compounds affect the formation rate. Thus, the analysis of the phase diagrams is required. For a system which includes hydrocarbons in the gaseous phase the pressure- temperature diagram (P-T diagram) is presented and analyzed (Figure 2.4).
 12. 12. HYDRATE FORMATION IN GAS PIPELINES DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGY A.Mitsis E.Michailidi F.Zachopoulos - 17 - 2014 Figure 2.4 Pressure/temperature diagram for methane + water in the hydrate region[18] Figure 2.4, schematically represents a methane and H2O system at conditions around hydrate region. The hydrate formation happens to the area at the left of all lines[19, 20]. Due to the fact that methane is the major component of natural gas, this diagram provides adequate information about phase behavior for gas systems without a liquid hydrocarbon phase. Hydrate–methane–water systems involve the following phases[21]:  Hydrate (H)  Water-rich liquid (LW),  Methane-rich vapor (VCH4 ) and  Ice (I). For equilibrium calculations, an equation of state (EoS) can describe all phases. Q1 is the quadruple point which is the starting point for four 3-phase lines:  The LW-H-V line, which has P/T conditions at which water and vapor form hydrates, conditions of most interest in natural gas hydrate systems.  The I-H-V line  The I-LW-H line  The I-LW-V line, which connects Q1 to the pure water triple point (I-LW-V) (273.16 K, 0.62 kPa) and denotes the transition between water and ice without hydrate
 13. 13. HYDRATE FORMATION IN GAS PIPELINES DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGY A.Mitsis E.Michailidi F.Zachopoulos - 18 - 2014 formation. Because Q1 is close to 273 K for all natural gas systems, the I-LW-V line extends almost vertically below Q1 to 0.62 kPa. Figure 2.5 describes systems[22] which may include: ethane + water, propane + water, isobutane + water and water + carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide[23], which are both common compounds of natural gas. Figure 2.5 Gas + single condensate + water systems[18] Hydrates will form at temperatures and pressures to the left of the region enclosed by the three lines, whereas to the right of this region, hydrates are not possible. Upper quadruple point Q2 often is approximated as the maximum temperature of hydrate formation because line LW-H-LHC is approximately vertical because of the incompressibility of those three phases. 2.4 HYDRATES EFFECTS IN GAS PIPELINES The formation of gas hydrates can be a matter of vital importance for the industry as it is related to blockage of the gas pipelines. Pipeline blockage can be either fluid related or structure related. Problems related to infrastructure of the pipeline, which involves pipe deformation, corrosion deposition and valve abnormal functioning, are interdepended to structure-related blockages. However, these problems can be through careful and
 14. 14. HYDRATE FORMATION IN GAS PIPELINES DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGY A.Mitsis E.Michailidi F.Zachopoulos - 19 - 2014 regular inspections along with appropriate maintenance. On the contrary, fluid-related blockages are considered to be more persevering and challenging to control. Fluid related problems are associated with the formation and/or deposition of solids in the gas pipeline. Gas hydrate deposition is considered as the most severe of these depositions. In 1934 Hammerschmit observed that the formation of gas hydrates was responsible for oil and gas transportation pipelines blockage. Light hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane and butane, along with the combinations of longer chain hydrocarbon with methane, act as guest molecules. Furthermore, non-hydrocarbon molecules such as N2, CO2 and H2S, which are more soluble to water are found in hydrates and are known to promote hydrate formation. Gas hydrates are responsible for many problems which include pipeline blockage, jeopardizing the foundations of deep-water platforms and pipelines, plugging blowout preventers during the production and causing tubing and casing collapse[6]. The effects of hydrates in gas pipelines will be examined and analyzed within the current assignment. 2.4.1 HYDRATE FORMATIONS AS INITIATORS OF NATURAL GAS PIPELINE INTERNAL CORROSIONS Hydrate formation is often responsible for various types of internal corrosion in gas pipelines. Internal corrosion can be caused by either physical or chemical processes. It is related to several parameters such as hydrate size, stage and the contact period[2]. Acidic gases, which include H2S, CO2 and Cl-, are components of hydrates which are responsible for increasing the corrosion rate[24, 25]. Methane is also contributing to the metal corrosion phenomena.[26, 27] Moreover, H2O is another agent responsible for corrosion[28]. Interaction between the pipeline and the hydrates initiates internal corrosion. In conjunction with rupturing, corrosion will further lead to gradual degradation of the material and


What does burby mean?
burby in Community Dictionary
Conversation ruiner. Can turn a standard discussion into a trainwreck instantly. by Danelle CuddyReport definition
a: Extraordinarily rotund, elephantine, mastodonic.v: (burbing) To inhale copious quantities of meals IE: lard. by MandyReport definition
40 votes
How would you define burby?


text:
PEB is a modern technology where the complete designing is done at the factory. Learn more about the importance of pre engineered steel buildings.
What is Pre engineered steel building?
In structural engineering, a pre-engineered building is designed by a PEB supplier or PEB manufacturer, to be fabricated using best suited inventory of raw materials available from all sources and manufacturing methods that can efficiently satisfy a wide range of structural and creative design requirements.
Below are the advantages of pre-engineered steel buildings
- Cost savings up to 30% compared to conventional construction methods.
- High flexibility in transportation, installation, and maintenance.
- Light weight compared to other materials helps to reduce the load pressure.
- Capable of high strength and high reliability.
- Highly industrialized.
- Simple installation, fast, regardless of weather conditions.
- Save on additional materials (compared to traditional houses).
- Make the most of the area, factory space.
- High synchronization.
- Easy to expand.
- Tight, waterproof.


text:
University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT) Tyrol, Austria
An increasing number of people search for health information online. During the last 10 years various researchers have determined the requirements for an ideal consumer health information system. The aim of this study was to figure out, whether medical laymen can find a more accurate diagnosis for a given anamnesis via the developed prototype health information system than via ordinary internet search.
In a randomized controlled trial, the prototype information system was evaluated by the assessment of two sample cases. Participants had to determine the diagnosis of a patient with a headache via information found searching the web. A patient's history sheet and a computer with internet access were provided to the participants and they were guided through the study by an especially designed study website. The intervention group used the prototype information system; the control group used common search engines and portals. The numbers of correct diagnoses in each group were compared.
A total of 140 (60/80) participants took part in two study sections. In the first case, which determined a common diagnosis, both groups did equally well. In the second section, which determined a less common and more complex case, the intervention group did significantly better (P=0.031) due to the tailored information supply.
Using medical expert systems in combination with a portal searching meta-search engine represents a feasible strategy to provide reliable patient-tailored information and can ultimately contribute to patient safety with respect to information found via the internet.
Keywords: Information supply, internet, expert system, meta-search, tailoring, headaches.
open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (_URL_ which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
* Address correspondence to this author at the University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Eduard Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, A-6060 Hall in Tyrol, Austria; Tel: +49 9503 504264; Fax: +43 50 86486 73001; E-mail: _EMAIL_