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You are in the right article if you are worried about peach trees not producing enough fruit. Many people get tired of waiting for their trees to produce fruit. In this article, I will answer 'why is my peach tree not producing fruit' to help you overcome this challenge and make the juicy peaches you crave.
Firstly, we need to understand what might affect the fruit grown in your peace tree and then take appropriate measures to prevent or treat the problem.
To be a successful gardener, you should always have proper knowledge and understanding of how to increase the chances of abundant peach trees fruiting in the future. Let's talk about nine reasons why my peach tree is not producing fruit.
9 Reasons Why Is My Peach Tree Not Producing Fruit
I don't need to tell you that over-fertilization will always promote issues with your free help and growth. Do note that over-fertilization with high-nitrogen fertilizers can reduce fruit yield and quality in peach trees.
According to a study published in the MDPI, excessive nitrogen can make you plant more susceptible to disease attacks like fire blight. It can cause peach trees to focus on producing new shoots and leaves rather than paying attention to their fruits.
The study also proves that applying too much nitrogen to peach trees can drastically reduce fruit yield by up to 50%. I highly recommend following a systematic approach and sound practices when fertilizing your trees.
To avoid over-fertilization, you must first determine your peach tree's nutrient requirements. And after that, you are free only to apply fertilizers that provide the necessary nutrients in the right amounts.
In addition, since lawn fertilizer tends to be high in nitrogen level, which can negatively impact the fruit production of your peach trees, it's better to avoid using one around your trees as well.
I have repeatedly discussed the importance of proper pruning technique with the suitable pruning shear/machine in many of my articles. Proper pruning is undoubtedly essential for maintaining your peaches' health and productivity.
Therefore if you have been practising improper pruning techniques, it may lead to a lack of fruit production. One common mistake you and many beginners often make is cutting off the ends of your tree branches to promote new growth.
This ultimately forces your tree to focus on producing new shoots, gains and leaves instead of focusing on fruit. On the other hand, if you consider removing the entire branches, it will help encourage fruiting.
According to ResearchJournal, the actual performance of peach trees depends heavily on proper pruning annually. Therefore, you should permanently remove one-third to one-half of the previous year's growth in the dormant season resulting in the highest fruit yield in peach trees.
Suppose you are never provided with the benefit of pruning to your plant or don't know when to prove your peach tree. In that case, you should consider checking out this article, where I have discussed the climatic condition of Northern and Southern California, affecting the best time to prune peach trees in California.
Any unfavourable weather or sudden temperature change will affect your peace tree health and fruit yield. Therefore you should know that low temperatures during the winter can safely damage the flower buds of your peach trees.
This will prevent them from opening, which could lead to few or no fruit. According to UGA Extension pecan specialist Lenny Wells, peach trees require a certain number of hours below 45 degrees Fahrenheit to break down growth inhibitors in buds, which allows them to produce fruit in the spring. However, you should know that peach trees with prolonged temperatures below 45°F (7°C) can also experience reduced fruit set.
In addition, research has also proved that hot winter temperatures can also do extreme damage to the buds if the low temperature is followed by a sudden drop, reducing fruit production.
While researching, I also ended up with a study published in the journal climate change. It discussed warming temperatures in the fall & spring seasons, primarily associated with low fruit yields in peach trees.
Lack of Chilling Hours
As per MDPI, The effective chilling temperatures range from 0 to 7 °C for most deciduous fruit. But, UGA says that most peach varieties require between 550 and 1050 chilling hours. Depending upon your peach tree variety, it will also need a certain amount of cold or chilling hours.
Chilling hours are the hours below a specific temperature range required to break dormancy & initiate bud break in the spring. If your peach tree is not receiving enough chilling hours, it will have deformed or no fruit.
However, research also states that climate change might be the prominent reason behind the reduced number of chilling hours available to your peace tree, which could lead to decreased fruit production and yield.
Research has also shown that climate change may reduce the number of chilling hours available to peach trees, leading to decreased fruit production. If you notice the peach tree fruits are tiny, you should consider reading our articles where we have discussed: 9 Reasons Why Are My Peaches Small?
Residual Effects of the Previous Season's Crop
If your peach tree had produced a heavy crop last season, it might also have little to no energy to produce flower buds for the following harvest. Any tree that produces a heavy crop usually takes much of its power to support it, leaving them with minor allergies to making more buds for the following year's crop.
If the peach tree is not producing fruit, look for signs of residual effects of the previous season. This is why I highly recommend that people always consider thinning the fruit in the years of heavy yield, which usually helps distribute the tree resources evenly.
Believe it or not, many researches & studies show that thinning fruit can increase the size and quality of the remaining fruit. To know more about this, here is a study published in the journal of the American society for horticultural science. This journal states that thinning peach trees usually increases the remaining fruit's overall size, firmness, and sugar content.
Do you know that overcrowding can also reduce fruit production in peach trees? If too many trees are too close together, they will compete for resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients, ultimately reducing fruit production.
I don't know if you're familiar with this. Still, North Carolina State University conducted quick research and found that peach trees should be planted at least 15 feet apart to avoid overcrowding.
Not Enough Sun
Look if your trees are under the shade of a building or any other crossing obstacle. Since peach trees require full sun to produce fruit, they can have little to no fruit if your tree is not getting enough sunlight.
According to the University of Georgia Extension, you must provide at least 8-10 hours of direct sunlight daily to your peach tree, especially in the fruiting season.
Pest & Disease Issues
Like any other tree, your peach trees are susceptible to various pests and diseases that can directly/indirectly affect fruit production. Common problems that can cause fruit loss in your peach tree include peach tree borers, aphids, and mites, including peach leaf curl and brown rot. If peach tree fruits are rotting before ripening, your plant will likely be affected by diseases or pests.
Not paying attention to the signs and symptoms of pest & disease issues in peach trees will damage fruit and cause premature leaf drop, which is unsuitable for trees' overall health and ability to produce heavy yield.
It's essential to monitor your peach trees regularly for signs of pest and disease problems by taking appropriate measures to prevent or treat them.
Therefore, you might have to use pesticides or remove infected/damaged plant parts. Also, I will recommend adjusting irrigation practices to reduce humidity levels, which are the main culprit for promoting disease growth.
You must pay attention to your peach tree's health for better harvesting. If your plant is suffering from any pest infestation or disease, Below are a few articles that you might find helpful in treating and preventing one.
I don't need to tell you that young peach trees generally take a few years to produce fruit. According to Angi & Quora, peach trees can take up to 3 & 4 years to bear whole fruit at their best.
On the other hand, too old trees may produce less fruit due to factors like disease or declining vigour. Therefore I first recommend you determine the actual age of your peach tree and then take appropriate measures to promote its health and productivity.
I tried my best to give you all the reasons behind 'why is my peach tree not producing fruit' Since there can be several factors that can contribute to a peach tree not producing fruit, including over-fertilization, improper pruning, low temperatures, lack of chilling hours, and many more, never mind having an arborist consultation if you are unable to find the actual cause.
I tried my best to make you understand all these factors as quickly as possible to help you take appropriate measures and increase the chances of growing healthy peach trees with abundant fruit yield.
If you find this article helpful, then consider sharing it. Your share will help many people learn about what they might be doing wrong and hindering their peach tree fruit yield. Do check our other helpful guide on peach tree care. See you in the next post; till then, take care and sound back.


Sam Francis
Untitled, 1984
106.7 X 73 inch
What is Epreuvre d'Artist?
What is Epreuvre d'Artist?
Épreuve d'Artist refers to the artist's proofs in a limited edition run of prints. Artists commonly reserve a few prints for their own personal use. These are usually marked with the abbreviation E.A. for épreuve d'artist or AP for artist's proof.
Contemporary Art
Porcelain is a hard material made of clay which is primarily composed of the mineral kaolinite. It is used to make art objects and a wide range of everyday household wares such as dishes and bowls. Porcelain items are popular for painting with special glazes.
Aquagravure is a technique combining several processes; including compressing wet paper pulp in a carved wood mold until the water runs off, painting the compressed paper, adding ink to the mold to print onto the painted paper, and allowing the entire work to dry.
Can't find your Answer?


text:
Palm nuts with blue cloth bag, Nigeria, _PHONE_
The 16 palm nuts in this bag are used by Yoruba diviners to cast and ask questions about a person's illness. The nuts are passed from hand to hand eight times. Each time, one or two are kept in one hand and this is marked on a board. The diviner reads the pattern of these marks and matches it to one of 256 odu (signs or messages). The 16 palm nuts represent the children of Ifa, the Yoruba god of healing and divination. The Yoruba people traditionally live in south-west Nigeria.
Related Themes and Topics
There are 367 related objects. View all related objects
Techniques and Technologies:
Glossary: divination sets
The practice of seeking knowledge of the future through the interpretation of omens or other supernatural means.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Calculating Market Concentration Indices in R – II
In part I of this series we studied the theory of concentration indices, application of concentration indices especially by U.S. Justice Department to analyze mergers and acquisition, and we also learned to calculate Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). In the present article we will study the usefulness of Horvath and Entropy index, estimation methodology and advantages of using these concentration indices over the HHI index. Finally we will learn how to write our function in R to calculate Horvath and Entropy Index.
Horvath Index:
Horvath (1970) in an article describes the Horvath index also known as Comprehensive Concentration Index verbally as a decimal fraction which is a sum total of proportional share of leading firm plus the summation of the square of proportional sizes of each firm reinforced by a multiplier reflecting the proportional sizes of the rest of the industry. In mathematical terms the index is defined as follows:
CCI = x_{i}+sum_{j=2}^{n}(x_{j})^2*[1+(1-x_{j}])
i = 1
j = 2,3,4,...,n
n = number of firms in an industry
x = decimal fraction of assets belonging to each individual firms
The CCI is between 0 and 1 where the index closer to 1 would indicate higher concentration or monopoly.
CCI Estimation:
In R we can use the above mentioned equation to write a function in R to calculate the CCI. Following function is written in R to estimate the CCI:
cci <- function(x,s){
 m <- x[1,s]
 hi <- m +((m^2)*(1+(1-m))*length(x[,s]))
 m <- max(x[,s])
 d <- x[-match(m,x[,s]),s]
 cc = c()
 for ( i in 1:length(d))
 cc[i] <- (d[i]^2)*(1+(1-d[i]))
 hi <- m+sum(cc)
once we create the function in R we can use this function to calculate the CCI. For performing the calculation we use the examples used by Horvath (1970) under table 1.
p <- data.frame(firm =c("a","b"), mkt = c(80,20))%>% mutate(pct = mkt/100)
q <- data.frame(firm =c("a","b","c"), mkt = c(80,10,10))%>% mutate(pct = mkt/100)
r <- data.frame(firm =c("a","b","c","d"), mkt = c(50,30,15,5))%>% mutate(pct = mkt/100)
s <- data.frame(firm =c("a",paste(rep("b",10),c(1:10), sep=".")), mkt = c(50,rep(5,10)))%>% mutate(pct = mkt/100)
t <- data.frame(firm =c("a",paste(rep("b",50),c(1:50), sep=".")), mkt = c(50, rep(1,50)))%>% mutate(pct = mkt/100)
w <- data.frame(firm =c(paste(rep("b",100),c(1:100), sep=".")), mkt = c(rep(1,100)))%>% mutate(pct = mkt/100)
In the above code we are simply creating a data frame and also calculating the share of each firm in the total. Next, we can use the cci() fucntion created above to calculate the concentration index.
# table 1 in Horvath (1970)
cci_p <- cci(p,"pct") # 0.872
cci_q <- cci(q,"pct") # 0.838
cci_r <- cci(r,"pct") # 0.6995
cci_s <- cci(s,"pct") #0.54875
cci_t <- cci(t,"pct") #0.50995
cci_w <- cci(w,"pct") #0.0299
Change in CCI:
one good way to analyse the market power is to study the change in the CCI over time or between two time frames. For example, Horvath (1970) compares the change in CCI of automobile industry between 1967 and 1937 and concludes that the industry did get concentrated over three decades.
Entropy Index:
The entropy index is defined as follows:
$latex [Entropy Index = sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i} * ln(1/x_{i}) &s=1&bg=ffffff$
Mishra, Mohit and Parimal (2011) state that the entropy index measures the degree of uncertainty faced by a firm in marketplace. Hence, in case of a monopoly there is no uncertainty and the index value is zero on the other hand if there are n firms in the market the level of uncertainty increases and the index takes the value of ln(n)
It is left to the reader to write a function and calculate the entropy index using CCI as a reference.
Whats Next:
Ginevičius & Čirba (2009) provides a comprehensive list of various different concentartion index and their limitation. Readers are encouraged to review the article as the authors construct their index which is better compared to the other concentration indices available.
 1. Horvath, Janos. "Suggestion for a Comprehensive Measure of Concentration." Southern Economic Journal 36, no. 4 (1970): 446-52. doi:10.2307/_PHONE_.
 2. MISHRA, PULAK, DIVESH MOHIT, and PARIMAL. "Market Concentration in Indian Manufacturing Sector: Measurement Issues." Economic and Political Weekly 46, no. 49 (2011): 76-80.
 3. Romualdas Ginevičius & Stasys Čirba (2009) Additive measurement of market
 concentration, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 10:3, 191-198. Freely accessible at :
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Detecting hidden cameras at work
22 December 2022
Surveillance devices can be freely bought online nowadays and concealed in a variety of everyday household objects. For most people, the reason is completely innocent for buying one. Whether that's to keep an eye on a family pet while you're out, watch a delivery being made, or catch an unexpected visitor.
Unfortunately, these unassuming cameras and microphones can also be used to steal government and corporate information for political or economic gain.
The risks are many and can be devastating to a country or businesses future growth prospects, reputation, and its people's livelihoods.
Espionage can even pose a risk to national infrastructure. Particularly if critical information were to be stolen by a hostile state actor or criminal organisation.
UK NACE works hard to protect the UK government from technical espionage. Read on for our quick expert advice on what to do to protect your information from getting into the wrong hands.
How do hidden surveillance cameras work?
In short, hidden cameras need power and a way to transmit or store the video. Most commercial devices are battery-powered and use Wi-Fi to transmit data or store to a micro SD card.
Features of a commercial camera can include real-time remote viewing in high quality and motion detection to trigger recordings. While it can save the video, it can also forward it onto someone at a later time.
You may be lucky enough to spot a pin hole in a commercial concealment. This can be an good indicator of a camera device.
However, professionally installed devices are best left to technical surveillance countermeasure professionals to handle. They can isolate the device and deal with it.
If you suspect a camera may be using your Wi-Fi, an IT savvy person can log into your router and check the devices using it.
How to mitigate the risk
Take care when taking unassuming objects into spaces where you have confidential or sensitive conversations. This especially applies to electrical items. Espionage is a real threat to various industries. It can be disruptive to business operations and lead to significant financial losses.
UK NACE highly recommend controlling a space where sensitive conversations are taking place. For example in a boardroom or a frequently used meeting room.
It may not be illegal to buy these type of surveillance objects, but using them to steal sensitive information or invade privacy, even accidentally can land you with a large fine or a prison sentence and criminal record.
UK NACE is the UK's national authority in protecting technical security, providing guidance and operational support to the UK government and Friendly Foreign Governments.
Our UK NACE experts share their wish list of favourite gadgets and highlight how you can keep your information and data safe when purchasing tech. Spend your hard-earned cash wisely and keep your personal details safe!

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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it with a some adhesive tape, if required.The most recent, but yet-to-be-build layout will simplify assembly and fixation of the structure even further.
Finally assemble the lid. Glue the two pieces defining the lower edge to the lid plate. Then glue the handle to the center of the lid plate.To reduce reflection, you may add a piece of self-adhesive felt to the inner side of the lid.
Connect the cables to the corresponding ports of your breadboard, PI or Arduino and check for functionality of the sensor and LED.
Step 3: Setting Up the Raspberry Pi; Required Software
As both sensors are communicating via I2C, you will have to activate this on your Raspberry. In addition you may need to install the appropriate drivers/kernel support. As you can find very good and detailed instructions on this at the Adafruit website (Adafruit: GPIO/I2C setup), I will not describe this here in any detail.
If you succesfully have implemented I2C on the Pi, connect the sensor with Ground, Vin (I use 3.3V) SDA and SCL. In the case of the RGB sensor you also need to turn off the build-in LED by connecting the LED line with Ground. Check if the sensor can be found by entering "sudo i2cdetect -y 1" at the shell.
Unfortunatelly both sensors are using the same I2C adress, 0x29, so you can't use them in paralell.
Now you need to install some software to perform your measurements. Luckily Python programs to read the data from the sensors were already available, so I only had to modify the TCS34725 software provided by Adafruit (_URL_ and the TSL2591 software by "MaxlKlaxl" (_URL_ ) a bit to adjust them for my purposes. I like to thank both of them for their brilliant work.
In the accompanying software package you will find examples of programs that will allow to perform measurement series and kinetics with both sensors. As I am rather new to Phyton programing, the programs require some optimization, I appreciate any help. Depending on your light source and your specific application, you may need to change the data sampling time and/or sensor gain settings of the sensors.
White, UV, blue and green LEDs run at about 3.1 V, so you may power them directly from the Pis' 3.3V output. For yellow, orange and red LEDs you need a series resistor between LED and power, otherwise they will be distoyed. If you do not want to run the LEDs permanently, you may connect them to a GPOI and switch them on and off by software.
So far I have not performed any experiments with the Arduino or Trinket, but Adafruit provides libraries and scetches for both sensors.
Step 4: Performing Measurements
The device is built to measure aqueous solutions or suspensions by placing a standard photometer cuvette between LED and sensor. I am using disposable cuvettes made from polystyrene (PS) or acrylic, and both full volume and semi-micro cuvettes work. You may get 100 such cuvettes for about 12- 20 €, depending on type and material, and you may use them several times.
So basically fill a sufficient volume of the solution/suspension into the cuvette, place it in the device watching for correct orientation, close the lid and start to measure. Given you are using a Raspberry Pi, you will have to start a Python program that allows you to perform the type of measurement (single, multiple, kinetic) you like to. Some of my programs write the data to so called CSV (Comma separated values) files you may open with MS Excel or LibreOffice Calc, Word or Writer and several other programs. This simplifies subsequent data analysis and documentation.
I have also written a simple Pygame script to show the color defined by the measured RGB values on your computer screen, so you may compare the actual and the measured colors. For various reasons they might differ a bit.
Make sure that the dye concentrations are not too high. Be aware that e.g. a bright blue solution might already be pitch black under the light of a yellow or red LED.
Step 5: Example #1: Kinetics (colorimeter and Photometer)
So far I have performed only a limited set of measurements.
An example for a kinetic measurement is the slow evaporation of carbondioxide (CO2) from sparkling water placed in an open cuvette. For this purpose, a bit of bromothymol blue was added to normal water and a small volume of CO2-enriched, "sparkling" water was added until the color changed from blue to yellow. Now the kinetics measurement was started and measurements were taken every 20 minutes for several hours. The data was automatically written to a CSV file and later analysed using LibreOffice Calc.
So what is happening? By addition of carbon dioxide to water it gets acid. As the concentration of CO2 in air is much lower than in the water, it evaporates slowly from the water, which results in a rising pH. In an acid solution bromothymol blue is faintly yellow, while under basic conditions it is bright blue. Around pH 7.0, the pKa of the dye, the color of the solution is green, due to a mixture of yellow and blue forms of the dye.
Using the RGB sensor, it is possible to detect the decay of the yellow form in the blue channel and the increase of the blue form in the red channel, while the effect on the green channel is only moderate. As you can see in the chart, over time the absorption in the blue channel decreases (i.e. less yellow dye) and the absorption in the red channel increases (i.e. more blue dye). As expected, the color changes over time indicate an approximate first order decay kinetic, values asymptotic nearing maximum or minimum values
The same process has also been measured with the photometer. The sensor gives you two values: a full spectrum value (Full) and a value of a second incorporated sensor which measures only the infrared (IR) part of the spectrum. The values of the visible part of the spectrum (VIS) can be estimated by subtraction of IR from Full values. The dye used here was phenol red, which is yellow in acids, red under neutral and violet under basic conditions. Its pKa is also around 7.0. The light source used here was a green LED, so the increase in "redness" resulted in a diminished amount of green light reaching the sensor.
Step 6: Example #2: Dilution Curve (photometer)
The second example is a dilution curve of a red dye.
As shown in the image, a serial 1:2 dilution was set up, with an additional blank value. The dilutions were measured from the lowest to the highest concentration, using the photometric sensor (TSL2591) and a green LED (Nichia NSPG500DS) as the light source. The measured values were written to a CSV file and analysed using LibreOffice Calc.
The resulting lin-log graph (linear: absorption vs. logarithmic: concentration) gave the typical S-shaped curve seen in such measurements. At low concentrations there is a direct relationship between concentration of the dye and absorption of light, while at higher concentrations it is asymptotically approaching a maximum level (total absorption). Using the curve, the usable detection range can be estimated to cover about two logs (100x) of concentration, which is reasonable for a photometric device.
Step 7: Some Final Remarks
- To make the devices described here available to the public, we are planing to place a optimized, checked and proved layout file for the acrylic parts at Pokono, so you may download it there for a small licence fee. I would like to insert a few changes to the current layout, which may require a few weeks to be evaluated.
For all that want to start right now: A slightly modified version of the last evaluated one is available at Ponoko.
The licence fee for the layout shall be used for this project, as I would like to give a number of the devices for an evaluation to schools or other other educational institutions.
- But as collecting all the required parts from different sources could be a hurdle, we think about setting up a small project to offer DIY kits that would alredy contain all parts, except for the Raspberry Pi, plus some cuvettes and consumables, so you may built your own device within a few minutes and start immediately with your first experiments.
So you might see a kickstarter project on this soon, and if you are interested in such a kit, please check this site again in late May.
- The part that may require the largest improvements is the software. I would appreciate if some skilled programmers would check my Python scripts and improve them. I would like to place links to your improved scripts in here, for public access. Please be aware that the basic scripts are licenced by Adafruit under the MIT licence, so any derivate should be as well.
- In this instructable I have used a few graphs taken from Adafruit and the data sheets of the sensors.
But there are also images I have copied from the web, but have lost the information from which sites


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Monocular 3D Object Detection
This technology is a novel end-to-end trainable Grouped Mathematical Differentiable NMS (GrooMed-NMS) for monocular 3D object detection.
Modern 3D object detection methods have immensely benefitted from the end-to-end learning idea. However, most of them use a post-processing algorithm called Non-Maximal Suppression (NMS) only during inference. Although there have been attempts to include NMS in the training pipeline for other tasks such as 2D object detection, they have been less widely adopted due to a non-mathematical expression of the NMS.
Description of Technology
This technology formulates NMS as a matrix operation and then groups and masks the boxes in an unsupervised manner to obtain a simple closed-forms expression of the NMS. GrooMeD-NMS addresses the mismatch between training and inference
pipelines and therefore forces the network to select the best box in a differentiable manner. GrooMeDNMS achieves state-of-the-art monocular 3D object detection results on the KITTI dataset performing comparable to monocular video methods.
- This technology enables a end to-end trainable closed-form mathematical differential Non-Maximal Suppression..
- GrooMeD-NMS addresses the mismatch between training and inference pipelines prevalent in monocular 3D object detection and therefore forces the network to select the best box in a differentiable manner.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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What's Node in Physics?
Posted by: | January 29, 2020 | No Comment |
What's Node in Physics?
What's Node in Physics? Our math instructors normally ask for us The question. Even though we presume it is a query that is elaborate, it should not be.
On these days, a great deal of issues and questions for mathematics rankmywriter com have been simplified to computer technology through the use of math. We are able to see this in the region of computer programming. As a way to accomplish this kind of function, you should comprehend a great deal of mathematical theories and models.
T is utilised make matters more straightforward also to simplify. It helps you know whether something is potential. It is crucial because they are needed by us at times to comprehend these notions. In order to get yourself a work in computer programming, then predictive formulas are needed by you also.
We can see the nodes and ties when dealing with math. The first thing would be that the nodes. It's about linking or connecting the 2 points in order to arrive at the other one. This concept is utilized in mathematics and math. In locating the link between 2 things, the maths transpires.
In physics, the next point is that the impact of vitality. Power is just another term that individuals use within mathematics. It refers to how much force, heat or any other type of power might be implemented in a system. This notion is utilized in physics and math also to describe what these forces mean and also to specify the repercussions of electricity.
In math, the previous issue is that the mass. Mass is another term. It signifies that the mass of the object involved. In mathematics, mass refers to an object's mass. It is the mass of the thing that produces the discipline.
nodes The loops and nodes into physics are an effective software to comprehend energy and other terms utilised in sciencefiction. paperhelp legit They are a very excellent way to understand why things occur since they are doing. They support us know how to think logically about matters. In addition, it helps us understand how these items get the job done.
You can look how they apply to the full mathematics equation and also at the nodes and ties. The idea is significant as it allows us to comprehend that there are two things going on at the equation. There is and there is the physical amount. This gives us an thought of a maths in physics is all now connected. Without the bridges and nodes, we wouldn't comprehend how these matters relate with one another.
In physics, due to the fact that they support us understand the laws which happen whenever we make the essence of things along with things we need to analyze these matters. We will need to understand it usually takes, and whether some thing may occur, just how rapidly it might occur. In math, it is similar. The math equations explain that's the reason why it's essential for all of us to analyze the following theories and the way all the nodes and ties to work together.
The concept of the bridges and nodes helps people learn about what we create in math, while mastering mathematics. If you are trying to understand how math functions, then you may start looking at it like a math test where you utilize the equations to be figured out by the concept of the bridges and nodes. You are able to determine by following these ideas, perhaps the results matches the consequence.
In physics, the idea of ties and the nodes helps individuals know how things perform so as to generate energy and also to figure out how this power behaves. It describes the basic laws of nature to the way things do the job, and also how this can be implemented. It also helps us in focusing on determine the way that energy will work and how exactly to create objects out.
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List of Tabloid Magazines?
The top ten gossip "rags", as per, are People Magazine, The National Enquirer, Star, Life & Style Weekly, M, OK! Magazine, In Touch Weekly, Globe, National Examiner, and US Weekly.
Q&A Related to "List of Tabloid Magazines?"
The purpose of a tabloid magazine is to inform the general public of often time ridiculous things that celebrities or otherwise interesting people are doing. They generally employ
It is the definition of a tabloid. It outright lies in its gossip, as well:
1. Call the magazine to ask about rates and specifications for creating listings. Many local magazines will provide space for nonprofit groups or publish a community calendar, so
Just look at their sources of information. Half of them are "a close personal friend" If you wrote a research paper and on the works cited you put "a professor I once


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What Is a 'Slowcession'?
A "slowcession" is a scenario in which the economy barely grows. It occurs when economic growth grinds to a near-standstill yet doesn't turn negative, which is what happens when there is a recession.
This term was coined by Moody's Analytics Chief Economist Mark Zandi in January 2023 to describe the state of the U.S. economy. According to Zandi, there's a decent chance that a recession or downturn can be avoided, and that the economy will grow—albeit very slowly.
- A "slowcession" is a sluggish economy that doesn't quite tip over into a downturn or recession.
- The term was coined by Moody's Analytics Chief Economist Mark Zandi in January 2023 to describe the state of the U.S. economy at that time.
- Zandi believes a slowcession is more likely than a recession, as inflation is moderating and households, companies, banks, and governments are generally in decent financial shape.
- A slowcession is viewed as a better outcome than a recession, as it means the economy is at least growing, even if by not very much.
- There's a risk that the uncertainty of a slowcession hurts sentiment, weakens spending, and leads to a recession anyway.
Slowcession is a play on the word recession, a significant deterioration in economic activity. The words "slow" and "cession" are combined to describe an economy that is sluggish but not in a downturn.
Slowcession vs. Recession
A recession is said to happen after two consecutive quarters of negative gross domestic product (GDP). Usually, it results in company profits getting squeezed and lots of people losing their jobs. But not every recession is the same. Some are deeper and longer-lasting than others.
The economist who coined the term "slowcession," Mark Zandi, also predicted the 2008 financial crash.
A slowcession, as implied in the name, isn't very pleasant, either. However, unlike with a recession, economic growth isn't negative during a slowcession, making it the lesser of two evils. Against this backdrop, there's just about enough activity to keep the economy growing. But there's also a lot of uncertainty and caution, which can limit spending, affect earnings, and put people out of work.
A slowcession basically can be thought of as a time of economic struggle that doesn't quite tip over into a downturn or recession. The term was introduced in the following way in a note from Moody's Analytics:
"The U.S. economy will struggle in 2023 with halting growth and higher unemployment. Recession is a serious threat. But the Moody's Analytics baseline forecast—the most-likely outlook—holds that the economy will avoid a downturn. Call it a slowcession."
Are We Heading for a Recession or a Slowcession?
At the start of 2023, most economists expected rising interest rates to trigger a recession. During the normal course of the economic cycle, we eventually reach a point of rampant inflation and higher borrowing costs, which almost always ends in a downturn. Historically, the Federal Reserve has been unsuccessful at combating high inflation. When the central bank starts aggressively hiking rates, it's usually only a matter of time before the economy comes crashing down.
Several leading indicators also point to a recession being in the cards, including the Treasury yield curve and The Conference Board's economic index. And there are a host of risks still on the table that threaten to worsen the state of the economy, including geopolitical tensions and the possibility of the COVID virus spreading aggressively again.
Zandi is aware of all these factors, yet he is still confident that a nasty recession can be averted. He believes inflation will be tamed before it pushes the economy into a downturn and that all the major participants (households, banks, companies, etc.) are generally in far better shape than they were in the run-up to previous financial crises and healthy enough to stave off another meltdown.
Why the Optimism?
In the Moody's Analytics report, Zandi lists the reasons why he believes a slowcession is more likely than a recession. Key factors that will prevent a recession, according to him, include the following:
- Inflation will moderate before wrecking the economy. According to Zandi, a combination of aggressive interest rate hikes, falling oil prices, easing supply chain bottlenecks triggered by the pandemic, and slowing job and wage growth will be enough to take the heat out of the economy before it crashes.
- Consumers, banks, and businesses aren't in bad shape. Zandi points out that normally before a recession, households and businesses are overleveraged, banks are stretched because they extended too much credit, too many houses have been built, and the state and local governments don't have any money left to help out. That's not the case now. Moody's economist sees a healthy job market, a decent level of household savings, record profit margins, well-capitalized banks, just the right level of credit growth, and governments that are flush with rainy-day funds.
While Zandi believes a slowcession is likely, he hasn't entirely dismissed the possibility that a traditional recession is on the way.
How to Prepare for a Slowcession
A slowcession is viewed as a better alternative to a recession. What we're talking about is an economy that isn't particularly prosperous but is at least still growing—even if very little.
What we could probably expect, based on Zandi's words, is less inflation, which should give households and businesses some breathing space, and weaker economic growth. Prices would fall, but not much money will be spent and output will be stagnant.
Whether this sluggish economic growth would lead to an upturn, downturn, or sustained period of the same remains to be seen. A lot depends on sentiment. If inflation is tamed and confidence returns, GDP growth could gradually begin to rise. On the other hand, sluggish growth could lead the population to believe a recession is around the corner, scaring people into spending less and businesses into laying off staff and halting investments.
Nobody likes uncertainty—and a slowcession, as a diversion from the traditional economic cycle, brings plenty of it. Some might argue that it would be smart to prepare for the worst economically until things become clearer. Being prudent with your finances, trying to find ways to boost income, and putting money aside when possible is never a bad thing anyway.
Equity markets may also remain volatile. That's generally good news for day traders and shouldn't really matter to anyone else with longer time horizons—provided, of course, that they don't fall into the trap of panicking and dumping buy-and-hold investments during a bear market.
Who came up with the term 'slowcession'?
The term "slowcession" was coined by Mark Zandi, chief economist of Moody's Analytics, in a research note published in January 2023. In the note, Zandi discusses why he thinks the U.S. economy is heading for a so-called slowcession rather than a traditional recession.
What does slowcession mean?
A slowcession is a condition in which the economy barely grows but doesn't contract and enter negative territory.
How do you know that you're in a slowcession?
Sluggish, near-zero economic growth is the main indicator of a slowcession. Zandi, the man who thought up the term, didn't provide a specific threshold. He just said that it is characterized by halting growth and higher unemployment without the economy entering negative territory.
The Bottom Line
A U.S. economist's use of the word "slowcession" has created a lot of debate, mainly because he makes some valid points and has proved in the past to be accurate at predicting the direction of the economy. According to Mark Zandi, Moody's Analytics chief economist, a slowcession:
- Is what the U.S. economy is likely to experience in 2023
- Can be described as a condition in which the economy barely grows but at least isn't negative and declining into recession territory
A slowcession is better than a recession, as it means there is some economic growth and less chance of widespread layoffs. However, it also isn't synonymous with prosperity and, depending on the reaction, could lead to a prolonged period of uncertainty and stagnant economic output, which isn't very desirable.


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Stress eaters may compensate by eating less when times are good
When faced with stress, some people seem to lose their appetite while others reach for the nearest sweet, salty, or fatty snack. Conventional wisdom tells us that stress eaters are the ones who need to regulate their bad habits, but new research suggests that stress eaters show a dynamic pattern of eating behavior that could have benefits in non-stressful situations.
The study, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, shows that "munchers" and "skippers" display compensatory patterns of consumption in response to positive and negative social situations. While munchers in the study ate more after being stressed, they ate less in response to a positive situation; skippers actually showed the reverse pattern, eating more after a positive experience.
"These findings challenge the simplistic view that stress eaters need to regulate their eating behavior to prevent weight gain," says lead researcher Gudrun Sproesser of the University of Konstanz, in Germany. "Both skippers and munchers have their'soft spot' for food, they just show different compensatory eating patterns in response to positive and negative situations."
Sproesser and colleagues recruited volunteers to participate in a study on "first impressions." The participants interacted with an unfamiliar partner by video before meeting them in person. After making their own videos, the participants received one of three messages in return: Some heard that their partner had decided not to meet with them after seeing the video, while others heard that their partner liked them and looked forward to meeting them. A third control group was told that the experiment had to be cancelled for other reasons.
Then, the participants went on to participate in a supposedly unrelated study involving a taste test for three flavors of ice cream. They were allowed to eat as much ice cream as they wanted.
The results showed that, when faced with negative feedback, self-identified munchers ate more ice cream than participants in the control group, while self-identified skippers ate less. Munchers ate, on average, about 120 more calories' worth of ice cream than did the skippers.
But, when faced with positive feedback, munchers actually ate less than the control group, while skippers tended to eat more the skippers consumed, on average, 74 calories' worth more than the munchers.
"We predicted that munchers and skippers differ in food intake after experiencing a positive situation," says Sproesser. "However, we were rather surprised that the data showed an almost mirror image in ice cream consumption when compared to the data from the social exclusion condition."
The research offers insight for anyone who wants to understand the relationship between stress and eating, but it has specific importance for clinicians and practitioners working to promote healthy eating.The patterns of calorie consumption suggest that the behavior of both munchers and skippers could significantly influence body weight over time.
"Stress eaters should not be considered at risk to gain weight by default," says Sproesser. "Our results suggest the need for a dynamic view of food intake across multiple situations, positive and negative."
"Furthermore, our findings suggest rethinking the recommendation to regulate stress eating. Skipping food when being stressed may cause additional stress in munchers and could possibly disturb compensation across situations."
Contact: Anna Mikulak
Association for Psychological Science
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- Initial OPT Year - 90 Day Limit
- STEM Authorization – additional 60 days (150 Day Limit, aggregate for both OPT authorizations)
Authorization for OPT means you must seek and begin employment related to your degree within 90 days of the start date on your EAD card. Employment must be reported. It is a serious violation of visa status to be unemployed past the time limitation. Your F-1 status would be in peril and your OPT authorization will end early. You must be in status to keep an employment authorization or apply for a new authorization.
Days of unemployment are limited!
The regulations establish a 90-day limit for unemployment during the first OPT authorization. Once authorized for a STEM Extension of OPT an additional 60 days are allowed for a total of 150 days. In the STEM period, and unemployment days from the first OPT count toward the 150-day total.
- Anyone authorized for Post-Completion OPT or STEM OPT must count the days they are unemployed click here.
- The 90-day limit is also in effect for ABD students on Post-Completion OPT
- Every day is counted including Saturday and Sunday
- Cap-Gap period is included in the 90-day limit
- The count is an aggregate number, all periods of unemployment are added together
Students who are authorized for pre-completion OPT (meaning authorized OPT taking place prior to coursework completion) are not required to count days of unemployment.
Serious consequences for exceeding the period of unemployment
If you exceed the limit for unemployment you have violated your status unless you take one of the following actions:
- Apply to continue your education by a change of level or transferring to another Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-certified school
- Depart the United States
- Take action to otherwise maintain legal status
Days of unemployment are counted during travel outside the United States
Take care planning travel outside of the United States while unemployed. If you are authorized for OPT the days you are unemployed after the start date on the EAD card are counted even while you are outside of the United States.
- the 90-day limit for Initial OPT (1 year)
- 150-day limit for 24-Month Extension of OPT (include number of unemployed days from Year One of OPT)
If your travel is part of your job responsibility or during a period of leave authorized by your employer the time spent outside the United States will not count as unemployment.
Review the information on Kinds of Employment Allowed During Initial OPT and STEM OPT
If you have questions about unemployment, e-mail us at _EMAIL_ so we can assist you.


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The City of Savannah will soon receive detailed assessments of half of its roads. It hired RoadBotics, to scan and analyze 700 miles (1,127 km) of its roads using artificially intelligent (AI) machine-learning technology. The assessments will help the City to maintain its roads more quickly and cost-efficiently.
City of Savannah to improve road maintenance costs with AI assessments0
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Many children in West Virginia suffer from poverty, health concerns, drug and alcohol abuse and a variety of other challenges. But high on the list of problems facing them is the state's education system, according to the new Kids Count report.
Kids Count, a program of the Annie E. Casey Foundation, looks at the well-being of children in all 50 states. Each year a report ranking each state's children in areas ranging from economic well-being to health issues is released.
"Education is the worst ranking of any domain (measured by the Kids Count study in West Virginia)," said Margie Hale, state executive director of the program.
West Virginia's education system was rated 47th in the nation, ahead of only Mississippi, New Mexico and Nevada. In comparison, Ohio ranked 18th and Pennsylvania eighth.
Kids Count relies heavily on a few sets of statistics to set its rankings, so the study should not be viewed as a definitive look at any state's education system. In addition, some of the numbers checked may not have strong relationships to quality public schools. For example, one number in the Kids Count report is the percentage of children in Head Start programs - but evidence on whether such involvement helps education in later life is decidedly mixed.
Other statistics are valid and troubling, however. For example, Kids Count found West Virginia's high school dropout rate is 15.5 percent - much too high.
Taken by itself, the Kids Count report is far from definitive in terms of school quality in West Virginia.
But viewed in the context of many other reports and an ocean of statistics showing Mountain State students lag behind many of their peers elsewhere, the study is one more reason for worry.
It also is yet another strong indicator of the need for improvement in our state's public schools.


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Statistical Atlas of the United States Based on the Results of the Ninth Census 1870
In honor of our data mapping site, GEOFRED (_URL_), we have posted a very old data mapping product. Featuring thematic maps, the Statistical Atlas was a landmark publication of the federal government. It displays census information about the United States using choropleth mapping (thematic mapping), a technique common with modern GIS systems. The maps highlight the condition of the country immediately following the Civil War.
This file was originally downloaded from the Library of Congress as JPG2000 and converted into a compressed pdf, for ease of use.
For a historical account of the first national atlas of the United States, please see Donald Dahman's description at the Library of Congress' American Memory website.
Woodlands and Forest Systems of the United States
Download this page from:
Download this page in groups:


When to use it
 - Determine if a transaction was deleted, edited, or added.
 - Determine who added, edited, or deleted the transaction.
 - Determine if a person added a transaction or if it was added by Buildium.
 - Troubleshoot a bank reconciliation; especially if the last statements ending balance doesn't match the opening cleared balance. Use the Audit log to search for recent adjustments to very old, and presumably reconciled transactions. For example, the Audit log will show how Bob edited a check last week that is dated three years ago ; the amount of the change is the exact discrepancy in your reconciliation.
Generating this report
 1. Go to Reports menu.
 2. Go to the Audit log link.
 3. Search for your transaction.
To learn the history of a transaction, click the Edit or Delete link.
 - If you're trying to find why a bank reconciliation isn't matching, check the search criteria box: Only transactions changed after reconciliation
 - The Audit log only tracks transaction edits and deletions for a period of 12 months. This timeframe was expanded in May 2010; it is possible that a full 12 month history may not yet be available.
 - If the transaction says that System completed the transaction, it means that a recurring transaction or data import produced it automatically. For example, from a recurring payment/scheduled EFT, recurring check, or recurring bill.
Article #: 112661
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Dust Plume Across Northern Patagonia
A checkerboard of growing (dull green) and fallow (tan) fields in northern Patagonia appears beneath a rippling plume of beige dust in this natural-color image from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Aqua satellite on September 11, 2009. The image shows parts of Argentina's Río Negro province (left) and the southern tip of Buenos Aires province (right). High temperatures across Argentina in the first weeks of September 2009 depleted soil moisture, according to crop reports from the USDA Foreign Agricultural service. In addition to its impact on crops, the drying also makes it easier for the wind to sweep the soil off the ground.
This image originally appeared on the Earth Observatory. Click here to view the full, original record.


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In addition to fresh foods, many canned foods also provide nutrient-dense dietary options, often at a lower price, with longer storage potential. The aim of this study was to compare nutrient-dense food group intake and nutrient intake between different levels of canned food consumption in the US. Consumption data were collected for this cross-sectional study from 9761 American canned food consumers (aged two years and older) from The NPD Group's National Eating Trends®
) database during 2011–2013; and the data were assessed using The NPD Group's Nutrient Intake Database. Canned food consumers were placed into three groups: Frequent Can Users (≥6 canned items/week); n
= 2584, Average Can Users (3–5 canned items/week); n
= 4445, and Infrequent Can Users (≤2 canned items/week); n
= 2732. The results provide evidence that Frequent Can Users consume more nutrient-dense food groups such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and protein-rich foods, and also have higher intakes of 17 essential nutrients including the shortfall nutrients—potassium, calcium and fiber—when compared to Infrequent Can Users. Therefore, in addition to fresh foods, diets higher in nutrient-dense canned food consumption can also offer dietary options which improve nutrient intakes and the overall diet quality of Americans.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


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VINS celebrates 40 years of conservation
By Christian Avard
Staff Writer | December 02,2012
Vyto Starinskas / Staff Photo
A red tail hawk flies out of employee Katie Christman's hands during a raptor environmental educational demonstration at the Vermont Institute of Natural Sciences on Friday.
QUECHEE — An Upper Valley landmark known for conservation efforts marked a major milestone this fall.
The Vermont Institute for Natural Sciences in Quechee celebrated 40 years of successful wildlife preservation and environmental education programs. VINS is a renowned environmental organization and its work has impacted the local community, the state and beyond. VINS' success can be traced back to its origins when local residents took action to protect local habitat from industrial pollution.
The Ottauquechee River is a critical water source for the Upper Valley. It starts high up in the Green Mountains and meanders east until it joins the Connecticut River.
The Ottauquechee was heavily polluted in the early 1970s, when mills were dumping waste upstream. A group of Woodstock citizens got together, cleaned up the river and stopped the mills from causing further harm.
"So that was the start," VINS President John Dolan said. "They became successful pretty quickly. So then they thought 'OK, what do we do now?'"
VINS began as an organization in 1972 and operated out of a Woodstock storefront. They moved into a old farm building on Church Hill Road in Woodstock in the late 1970s and began new programs.
VINS conducted ornithological research and the rehabilitation of avian wildlife. The work was prompted by VINS co-founders Sally and David Laughlin, Richard Farrar, June McKnight and Jenepher Lingelbach, Dolan said.
"The staff initially took in injured raptors because nobody else knew where to bring them," Dolan said. "(Sally) took care of injured birds in her backyard and had a number of enclosures with injured owls, hawks and falcons that were brought to her for treatment. It really evolved into a professional rehabilitation operation."
As VINS settled in, a new program was established, Environmental Learning for the Future, an award-winning environmental education program for elementary-age children.
ELF is designed to give children an understanding of and appreciation for the natural world and increase scientific and environmental literacy. The ELF curriculum includes a textbook called "Hands On Nature" and is used throughout New England schools.
As VINS grew in the 1990s, so did its programs, and a new facility was needed. VINS moved to a new location near the Quechee Gorge in 2004 and built a new nature center that includes a rehabilitation and release center, exhibits, nature trails and more.
VINS established an in-house ornithological research group that studied native birds of Vermont. According to Dolan, the group was instrumental in removing the Bicknell's Thrush, a songbird, and the Vermont Loon from the endangered species list.
"The nature center was a significant development for VINS. It became a destination, it drew a lot of people from across the country and raised our profile," Dolan said.
The final and perhaps the most influential contribution to VINS' success is the support from volunteers, donors, researchers and conservationists who shared a concern for wildlife and local habitat.
"A lot of what you see at the center comes from tens of thousands of volunteers that helped us out over the last 40 years," Dolan said. "I've been with VINS for six years but I can see from where I sit the very rich legacy that staff, donors and volunteers left behind: a tremendous knowledge of natural sciences and reputation for quality programing in environmental education. VINS has always maintained high standards of quality in everything it's done."
To learn more, visit _URL_.


ModifyStiCoInfectionStatus
The ModifyStiCoInfectionStatus intervention class creates or removes STI co-infections (which influence the rate of HIV transmission). This intervention can be used to represent things like STI treatment programs or STI outbreaks.
Note
Parameters are case-sensitive. For Boolean parameters, set to 1 for true or 0 for false. Minimum, maximum, or default values of "NA" indicate that those values are not applicable for that parameter.
EMOD does not use true defaults; that is, if the dependency relationships indicate that a parameter is required, you must supply a value for it. However, many of the tools used to work with EMOD will use the default values provided below.
JSON format does not permit comments, but you can add "dummy" parameters to add contextual information to your files. Any keys that are not EMOD parameter names will be ignored by the model.
The table below describes all possible parameters with which this class can be configured. The JSON example that follows shows one potential configuration.
Parameter
Data type
Minimum
Maximum
Default
Description
Example
New_STI_CoInfection_Status
boolean
0
1
0
Determines whether to apply STI co-infection, or cure/remove STI co-infection. Set to true (1) to include co-infection; set to false (0) to remove co-infection.
{
 "Intervention_Config": {
 "class": "ModifyStiCoInfectionStatus",
 "New_STI_CoInfection_Status": 1
 }
}
{
 "Use_Defaults": 1,
 "Campaign_Name": "HIV Outbreak via Prevalence Increase",
 "Events": [
 {
 "Description": "Initial STI outbreak",
 "class": "CampaignEvent",
 "Start_Day": 1,
 "Nodeset_Config": { "class": "NodeSetAll" },
 "Event_Coordinator_Config": {
 "class": "StandardInterventionDistributionEventCoordinator",
 "Demographic_Coverage": 1.00,
 "Target_Demographic": "ExplicitAgeRanges",
 "Target_Age_Min": 15,
 "Target_Age_Max": 30,
 "Intervention_Config": {
 "class": "ModifyStiCoInfectionStatus",
 "New_STI_CoInfection_Status": 1
 }
 }
 },
 {
 "Description": "STI Diagnostic",
 "class": "CampaignEvent",
 "Start_Day": 31,
 "Nodeset_Config": { "class": "NodeSetAll" },
 "Event_Coordinator_Config": {
 "class": "StandardInterventionDistributionEventCoordinator",
 "Demographic_Coverage": 1.0,
 "Target_Demographic": "ExplicitAgeRanges",
 "Target_Age_Min": 15,
 "Target_Age_Max": 30.1,
 "Intervention_Config": {
 "class": "StiCoInfectionDiagnostic",
 "Treatment_Fraction": 1.0,
 "Event_Or_Config": "Config",
 "Positive_Diagnosis_Config":
 {
 "class": "ModifyStiCoInfectionStatus",
 "New_STI_CoInfection_Status": 0
 }
 }
 }
 }
 ]
}


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Digital Civil Society Lab
Fintech is the future of finance, and it offers the promise of delivering new and innovative forms to drive financial inclusion. One of the key emerging ideas in at the intersection of policy, consumer protection, civil rights and industry innovation is that of "regulatory sandboxes" that provide controlled and experimental environments for startups to develop new products and services with exemption from regulatory proscription. These agreements are specific and vary widely, but of the cutting edge policy questions in this space is "what would a sandbox look like in the U.S.?" The UK and Asia have been developing their own models. This is such a new topic in the U.S. that there is currently no consolidated multi-stakeholder approach to defining what a regulatory sandbox would look like.
The focus of this project will be to develop a policy white paper, with the input of various stakeholder on Capitol Hill, industry leaders, and consumer advocates to serve as a template policy document sandboxes, including legislative text. The composition of the white paper would involve expert interviews, policy summarization, legislative text drafting, work with conveners to assemble roundtables and gatherings, as well as consultant editors to review submitted drafts.
Download a copy of the project presentation, made in Toronto at the Financial Stability Board, semi-annual Financial Innovation Network Meeting (FIN). The FIN is a group of about 50 innovation experts from central banks, ministries of finance and regulators from around the world (G20 countries, major financial centres, and international organizations). The FIN monitors developments in FinTech and other areas of financial innovation from a financial stability perspective.


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- Science of Mineral Resources Division
- UCHIDA, Etsuo
- Yamazaki, Atsushi
- Geoexploration Engineering Division
- SAITOH Akira
- KAMURA, Kazuo
- Development and Environmental Engineering Division
- KURIHARA, Masanori
- FURUI, Kenji
- Resources Processing and Recycling Division
- OWADA, Shuji
- TOKORO, Chiharu
- Materials Processing Engineering Division
- FUWA, Akio
- Environmental Protection Engineering Division
- OKOCHI, Hiroshi
- MURATA, Masaru
Laboratory of Geochemistry of Mineral Resources
_USER_ major research subjects of Prof. Uchidafs laboratory are gElucidation of the formation mechanism of mineral resourcesh and gScientific research of masonry cultural heritages and their conservationh.
_USER_ order to obtain geochemical information useful for mineral exploration, we are attempting to elucidate the formation mechanism of mineral resources. We focus on hydrothermal deposits related to granitic rocks, and aim to elucidate physicochemical factors controlling the formation of ore deposits. To achieve this, geological survey experiments and numerical simulation of the interaction between rocks/minerals and hydrothermal fluids (under the supercritical conditions) are carried out.
_USER_ addition, petrological investigation is conducted for stone materials used for masonry cultural heritages (such as the Angkor monuments, Cambodia) in order to elucidate their construction processes. Moreover, for the conservation of precious cultural heritage, the deterioration mechanism of stone materials is investigated.


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If you had a pick one place on a map to build a bridge across Potomac, the site of Chain Bridge might be the best. And the worst.
It's an obvious choice because it's the narrowest part of the river, squeezing through a passage of 90 feet wide. But that's also what makes it so dangerous – it's essentially the bottom of the funnel.
Pretty much every attempt to bridge the Potomac here has failed. The first, built in 1797, collapsed by 1804. The next burned down within six months after it was built. Finally a respectable 136-foot long chain suspension bridge – where it got its name – was built but was destroyed by floods in 1810.
The fourth one was a good one, another suspension bridge that Dolley Madison used to flee the British in 1814. That one lasted till 1840 before succumbing to floods. The fifth, built of chain and wood, went down in 1852.
Around this time, Charles Ellet – perhaps the closest rival to John Roebling, architect of the Brooklyn Bridge – proposed a suspension bridge across the more placid waters near the Three Sisters islands above Georgetown, but the thought of easier access to the District was scrapped as the Civil War unfolded. Instead, a wooden truss bridge was built at the old Chain Bridge site that was protected by four forts on the Virginia side and, as one solider put it, "large guns upon the bluff [that] can be depressed, if necessary, as to demolish the bridge in an instant."
No need for that. The Rebs never attempted to take the bridge and a flood washed it out anyway in 1870.
The seventh one was built on strong stone pilings and made it until the 1936 flood, when it was closed down, and the current and eighth bridge, went into service in 1939.
Fed up with the wash-outs, in 1971 Congress appropriated funding for the building of a new bridge that would carry I-66 across the Three Sisters and onto the present-day Canal Road. Construction ensued but politics halted the project. A year later, Hurricane Agnes washed away the pilings for the incomplete Three Sisters Bridge and it died an unceremonious death in Congress, but Chain Bridge, which rests on pilings from the 1870s bridge, miraculously held despite water coming within feet of the roadway.
I've been spending a lot of time at Chain Bridge recently for the shad run, and the ruble of old bridges is everywhere. The banks on the Confederate side are littered with twisted chain anchors and a crumbling pier.
But, its location is exactly why I and countless other anglers are here in the first place – it's the furthest place up-river that shad, an ocean species, can swim during their spring spawn.
They travel 1000 miles from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Henry at the mouth of the Chesapeake, where they take a sharp right turn and swim another 270 miles up the Bay and into the Potomac, up to Chain Bridge.
That is one heck of ambitious fish. Like any long-distance traveler, they seem a bit irritable by the time they arrive and attack all baitfish – or chartreuse flies – invading their space. They run like a tuna and jump like a tarpon. Pound for pound, they're the fightin'est fish around.
But Chain Bridge is about as far as they can get.
At the mouth of the Potomac at Cape Lookout, the river is about four miles wide. At the salt-line around Indian Head, the river is about a mile wide. At the tidal line at Chain Bridge, where the force of the tides is over-powered by the force of the current, the river squeezes through 90 feet. A lot of shad are competing for an ever-narrowing piece of river.
They are also competing against the river. Within that 90 feet passes about 10,000 cubic feet per second of water on a normal day in May. At its peak, that can rise to records of over 80,000. A Chevy Tahoe is 94 cubic square feet, so that is the equivalent of 851 Chevy Tahoes worth of water passing under Chain Bridge per second!
It's at this point, on the seams and in the eddies of the current, that fish get totally piled up like rush hour traffic.
Captain John Smith made as far up-river in 1608 as present-day Chain Bridge, where he recalled the shad were so thick, "we attempted to catch them with a frying pan." When that didn't work, "I amused myself by nailing them to the ground with my sword."
Which is what brings me to Chain Bridge 400 years later. Rule #1 in fishing – find fish.
As long as they're around, they'll run up the Potomac every spring, and as long as they run, legions of fisherman will be there to greet them, and the whole time, the river will be letting them both know who's boss.


text:
Once again it's time for a historic Quiz Bowl. Okay, maybe historic is a bit much, but I'm trying to make a point here. The point has to do with the subject of this month's AMA Manual of Style quiz—articles. Is it a historic or an historic Quiz Bowl? Did you guess a historic? If so, you're right. The article a is used before the aspirate h (eg, a historic occasion) and nonvocalic y (eg, a ubiquitous organism) (§11.9, Articles, p 412 in print).
Try another example from this month's quiz.
The physician told that patient that he should have a/an ultrasound examination performed.
Here's a hint. Sometimes it helps to read the sentence aloud.
The answer is as follows (use your mouse to highlight the text box):
The physician told that patient that he should have an ultrasound examination performed.
Words beginning with vowels are preceded by a or an according to the sound following (in this case, the u sound) (§11.9, Articles, p 412 in print).
Sound plays an important role in determining whether to use a or an. Test your skills by taking the full Articles Quiz on the AMA Manual of Style online. It will be a (or is that an?) unique experience.—Laura King, MA, ELS


text: I'm not sure how to explain this properly, but here's the issue that I'm having, and hoping someone knows how I could fix it: In CS4, I could go to the art board settings (I believe it's Shift+O), and set the x and y coordinates to something easy to remember (such as 0, 0), and this would become the center of the art board. Then if I was working with a square, or any other object, and needed to center it on the board, I would simply click the object, load up the Transform window (Shift+F8), and then enter the x/y coordinates 0,0, and press tab. This would center the object on the art board. With CS6, this isn't the case. For some reason the art board's center is independent from the object's center. For example, if I load up a regular page, its center is 4.25/5.5. If I change it to 0,0, and try to manually center the object to that, then the object will not be centered when it's at 0,0. Instead, it will still think that the center is the original 4.25/5.5. Anyone know how to get CS6's art board to behave the same way as in CS4?


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Diver Dragged Underwater by Whale in New Zealand – What Species?
While the traumatized free diver claims that an orca swam over, grabbed a catch bag that was tied to his wrist, and dragged him underwater until he almost ran out of breath, it is highly unlikely that this was actually an orca. For starters, orcas are unknown to attack humans in the wild, nor would they likely be interested in stealing a catch bag since the contents (which included crayfish) are not likely to be part of their diet.
It sounds much more like the work of a pilot whale, a species who have been known to drag humans underwater, always returning them to the surface just in time before drowning can occur. This appears to be how the whales send people a message when they feel harassed, and people don't understand the warnings given by the whales.
In May 1992 a swimmer entered waters south off Hawaii and swam with a group of short-finned pilot whales. During the encounter one whale dramatically changed its behavior and finally attacked the swimmer by opening its mouth and grabbing the swimmer's inner left thigh. Seconds later the human swimmer was drowned to 40 feet below the surface. Finally, the swimmer was brought back to the water surface. The scenario was filmed underwater and can be viewed on YouTube (…here…).The woman survived this life-threatening attack. (From PilotWhales.org.)
Short finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus)
Short finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus)
Pilot whales can be confused with orcas, they are both commonly called 'blackfish', and both occupy New Zealand waters.
In any case, this is such an odd occurrence that it may turn out to be an incomplete story. Like orcas, pilot whales are not known to randomly approach human divers and drag them underwater when the people are minding their own business.
Quoted below is part of the article in which the diver expressed that he assumed it was and orca, although he never saw it because of bubbles that obscured his vision:
Diver survives death spiral in whale attack
By Amy Maas 5:30 AM Sunday Feb 23, 2014
Levi Gavin says the orca dragged him beneath the water for more than 40 seconds before he broke free. Photo / Doug Sherring
A free diver who was dragged to the depths of the ocean by a killer whale has told how he got down to his "last breath" during the terrifying ordeal.
Levi Gavin, 23, was collecting kina and crayfish at Horahora Estuary, 30km east of Whangarei on February 10, when an orca grabbed a catch bag attached to his right arm.
It dragged him beneath the water for more than 40 seconds before a rope connecting him to the bag came undone and he was able to free himself from the death spiral. Remarkably, he escaped injury.
In an exclusive interview, the keen fisherman told how he had tried to relax as he was being dragged deeper and deeper by the giant sea creature.
"As soon as it got me under water, my goggles came off and kept flapping on my face and it just kept going," he told the Herald on Sunday.
"I got to my last breath. I couldn't really think at the time."
Gavin popped off his weight belt and floated to the surface before realising his arm was "dead" and he was unable to swim.
"My cousin was about 30m from me and I could hear his flippers from a mile away trying to get out to me because he saw me pop up.
Candace Calloway Whiting
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RangeError.value constructor
RangeError.value(num value, [ String name, String message ])
Create a new RangeError with a message for the given value.
An optional name can specify the argument name that has the invalid value, and the message can override the default error description.
Implementation
RangeError.value(num value, [String name, String message])
 : start = null,
 end = null,
 super.value(
 value, name, (message != null) ? message : "Value not in range");


text:
Dora and Alicia Ocampo Quesada
Keepers of the Flame of Education
Dora Ocampo Quesada and her beloveds sister Alicia Otilia Ocampo Quesada are fifth-generation descendents of a pioneer Mexican family that helped establish Wickenburg, Arizona, in 1863. Their great-great grandfather Ramón C. Valencia, who was born in Yuma in 1853 (the year of the Gadsden Purchase), cultivated a sense of place that drove the Valencia, Quesada, and Ocampo families to build families, communities, and schools in Wickenburg. The discovery of gold in 1862 and an open range ready for settlement attracted many to Wickenburg, including José Franco Quesada, a professional vaquero from La Paz, Baja California. A cowhand on the Ocampo-Valencia ranch in the
Arizona Territory during the late 1890s, he married Francisca Ocampo, the daughter of Teodoro and Mariana Ocampo, in 1918.
The Ocampo Quesada family was instrumental in establishing Wickenburg's first public school, the first St. Anthony Padua Catholic Church, and the first Wickenburg town library. They were parents to five children: Josefina, Dora, Alicia, Bernard, and Eugenio. Each child achieved great success in their professional
fields of choice, including public service, arts, education, sports, and sciences. Central to their upbringing was the emphasis their parents placed on education and service to others, while retaining their Mexican heritage, culture,
The Ocampo Quesada parents regarded education as a civic and parental responsibility, so much so that their philosophy on education was impressed upon Dora and her sister Alicia early in their childhood. As young girls growing up on an open range and within the confines of the family ranch, Dora and Alicia learned that a shared responsibility among men and women made their working ranch profitable, livable, and comfortable. They learned that it took an extended network of family and friends to blend ranch life with the future lives they would build and lead outside barbed wire, barns, and corrals. The two sisters became independent women— each in their own best way, and each in their own time and place.
Dora was born in Wickenburg in 1921, two years before her sister Alicia was born in 1923. As young girls attending Wickenburg Grammar School in the late 1920s until the mid 1930s, they both earned Award of Merit certificates for perfect attendance every school year. The sisters' love of learning and wanting to know more about the world outside Wickenburg became their trademark, and it followed them wherever they went. Those who knew them in their formative years, in their professional careers, and in their later years, understood that the Quesada sisters felt connected to Arizona's past and why they had a magical zest for life.
Dora took on the roles of nurse, teacher, political activist, and philanthropist throughout her life. She became a registered nurse in 1943. During World War II, she saw service with the U.S. Army Nurse Corps and was stationed at the White Sands Proving Ground nuclear first aid station near Alamogordo, New Mexico, and at the San Antonio Air Command Hospital, Kelly
Air Force Base in Texas. She ranked second lieutenant and was honorably discharged in 1946. She continued her nursing career in Phoenix and Mesa at the McDowell Osteopathic Hospital, the Maricopa County Hospital, the Southside District Hospital in Mesa (where she headed the newborn nursery area), and the Veterans Administration Hospital in Phoenix.
She ended her nursing career in 1958 and became a teacher, embarking on a new path at the Tempe Elementary School District 3. Dora was a reading and writing teacher at the Veda B. Frank Elementary School in Guadalupe. She also served as a union representative of the American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO, Local 3312. She was known as a fiery defender of teachers' rights and often accompanied fellow teachers to grievance meetings involving racial discrimination, wage disputes, or tenure. Dora also served on the Mexican American Educational Advisory Committee and chaired the Minority Elementary School Teachers Association, which promoted educational equality for minority youth. In 1971, she became a staunch defender of the educational and political rights of Yaqui and Mexican children at the Veda B. Frank Elementary School. Taking Dora's lead, the Ocampo Quesada family made a major financial contribution to help spearhead a civil rights class action lawsuit against the Tempe Elementary School District over the matter of student placement testing. Over 600 Yaqui and Mexican children had been tested and placed in special education classes based upon their "poor intelligence" and test scores. The children were not tested in their native languages, but tested in English, an apparent long-time practice at Frank school. At issue was the fact that the Arizona Department of Education paid the school approximately $300 to $600 per special education student, per year. The school stood to collect a large amount of money for maintaining special education classes. The Ocampo Quesadas' contribution made a major difference for Guadalupe, a semi-rural community of approximately 5,000 people, most of whom were Mexican American or Yaqui.
Alicia, on the other hand, embarked on a far different educational path and career than her sister Dora. She merged her talent and skills in business education, public service and civil service, and forged a remarkable record of achievement and national recognition for her work. Her business career began almost immediately after graduating from high school in 1941. She enrolled at Lamson Business College on a scholarship, and by 1943, Alicia was earning five wartime dollars per day as a stenographer for the Arizona House of Representatives, Sixteenth Legislature. She later earned more for war-related work at the Arizona Industrial Commission, the agency charged with enforcing state laws regarding the health, safety, and protection of state employees.
World War II changed the traditional notion of proper women's work, and Alicia found herself moving beyond traditional female roles. A new wave of independence prevailed, and she excelled in every position she held. As a way to serve her country in wartime, Alicia helped form the Phoenix Chapter of the United Service Organizations (USO) to provide educational and recreational activities for servicemen in their off duty hours. However, civil service was Alicia's true calling, and she found her niche within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), Social Security Administration. The agency became her home base for at least 30 years. Originally hired as a clerk stenographer in 1954, Alicia advanced through the administrative ranks to become a lead administrative secretary for the agency. Her work often took her to Washington, D.C., and to HEW regional offices. She assisted the U.S. Civil Service Commission HEW representatives in personnel matters and procedures and with employee selection, hiring, and training. In 1967, Alicia received the Commissioner's Citation, the Social Security Administration's highest honor. Alicia retired from her work as an administrative secretary with the Social Security Administration in 1984.
The ensuing years found Dora and Alicia embarking on a more personal mission: to preserve and promote the historical record of the Valencia, Quesada, and Ocampo families of Wickenburg. Their secondary goal was to recover Arizona's Mexican heritage, language, and culture through their work with historical societies, museums, and archives in Wickenburg, Tempe, and Phoenix. With the assistance of family members, the sisters recorded, documented, and compiled their family's written histories, original photographs, historical documents, family business records, memorabilia, and artifacts. In 1989, the family donated the Ocampo Family Papers to the Chicano Research Collection, Department of Archives and Special Collections at the Hayden Library at Arizona State University in Tempe. The collection is the largest collection of Mexican and Mexican American documents in Arizona and covers the period from 1863 to 1990. Scholars, researchers, students, writers, publishers, teachers, and professors from around the world have used the Ocampo Family Papers. As a lasting tribute to the Ocampo Quesada legacy of education, the family established the José Franco and Francisca Ocampo Quesada Student Research Scholarship at Arizona State University in 1988, an endowment to provide scholarships for undergraduate and graduate students to be used to promote advanced student research in any major or minor area of study that leads to a better understanding of the Hispanic culture and community.
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Provided by: hobbit_4.2.0.dfsg-10_i386 bug
 hobbit-alerts.cfg - Configuration for for hobbitd_alert module
 The hobbit-alerts.cfg file controls the sending of alerts by Hobbit
 when monitoring detects a failure.
 The configuration file consists of rules, that may have one or more
 recipients associated. A recipient specification may include additional
 rules that limit the circumstances when this recipient is eligible for
 receiving an alert.
 Blank lines and lines starting with a hash mark (#) are treated as
 comments and ignored. Long lines can be broken up by putting a
 backslash at the end of the line and continuing the entry on the next
 A rule consists of one of more filters using these keywords:
 PAGE=targetstring Rule matching an alert by the name of the page in BB.
 This is the path of the page as defined in the bb-hosts file. E.g. if
 you have this setup:
 page servers All Servers
 subpage web Webservers
 subpage db Database servers
 Then the "All servers" page is found with PAGE=servers, the
 "Webservers" page is PAGE=servers/web and the "Database servers" page
 is PAGE=servers/db. Note that you can also use regular expressions to
 specify the page name, e.g. PAGE=%.*/db would find the "Database
 servers" page regardless of where this page was placed in the
 The PAGE name of top-level page is an empty string. To match this, use
 PAGE=%^$ to match the empty string.
 EXPAGE=targetstring Rule excluding an alert if the pagename matches.
 HOST=targetstring Rule matching an alert by the hostname.
 EXHOST=targetstring Rule excluding an alert by matching the hostname.
 SERVICE=targetstring Rule matching an alert by the service name.
 EXSERVICE=targetstring Rule excluding an alert by matching the service
 GROUP=groupname Rule matching an alert by the group name. Groupnames
 are assigned to a status via the GROUP setting in the hobbitclients.cfg file.
 EXGROUP=groupname Rule excluding an alert by the group name. Groupnames
 clients.cfg file.
 COLOR=color[,color] Rule matching an alert by color. Can be "red",
 "yellow", or "purple". The forms "!red", "!yellow" and "!purple" can
 also be used to NOT send an alert if the color is the specified one.
 TIME=timespecification Rule matching an alert by the time-of-day. This
 is specified as the DOWNTIME timespecification in the bb-hosts file.
 DURATION>time, DURATION1h (lasted
 longer than 1 hour) or DURATION<30 (only sends alerts the first 30
 minutes). The duration is specified as a number, optionally followed by
 'm' (minutes, default), 'h' (hours) or 'd' (days).
 RECOVERED Rule matches if the alert has recovered from an alert state.
 NOTICE Rule matches if the message is a "notify" message. This type of
 message is sent when a host or test is disabled or enabled.
 The "targetstring" is either a simple pagename, hostname or
 servicename, OR a '%' followed by a Perl-compatible regular expression.
 E.g. "HOST=%www(.*)" will match any hostname that begins with "www".
 The same for the "groupname" setting.
 The recipients are listed after the initial rule. The following
 keywords can be used to define recipients:
 MAIL address[,address] Recipient who receives an e-mail alert. This
 takes one parameter, the e-mail address.
 SCRIPT /path/to/script recipientID Recipient that invokes a script.
 This takes two parameters: The script filename, and the recipient that
 gets passed to the script.
 IGNORE This is used to define a recipient that does NOT trigger any
 alerts, and also terminates the search for more recipients. It is
 useful if you have a rule that handles most alerts, but there is just
 that one particular server where you dont want cpu alerts on Monday
 morning. Note that the IGNORE recipient always has the STOP flag
 defined, so when the IGNORE recipient is matched, no more recipients
 will be considered. So the location of this recipient in your set of
 recipients is important.
 FORMAT=formatstring Format of the text message with the alert. Default
 is "TEXT" (suitable for e-mail alerts). "PLAIN" is the same as text,
 but without the URL link to the status webpage. "SMS" is a short
 message with no subject for SMS alerts. "SCRIPT" is a brief message
 template for scripts.
 REPEAT=time How often an alert gets repeated. As with DURATION, time is
 a number optionally followed by 'm', 'h' or 'd'.
 UNMATCHED The alert is sent to this recipient ONLY if no other
 recipients received an alert for this event.
 STOP Stop looking for more recipients after this one matches. This is
 implicit on IGNORE recipients.
 Rules You can specify rules for a recipient also. This limits the
 alerts sent to this particular recipient.
 It is possible to use macros in the configuration file. To define a
 $MYMACRO=text extending to end of line
 After the definition of a macro, it can be used throughout the file.
 Wherever the text $MYMACRO appears, it will be substituted with the
 text of the macro before any processing of rules and recipients.
 It is possible to nest macros, as long as the macro is defined before
 it is used.
 Alerts can go out via custom scripts, by using the SCRIPT keyword for a
 recipient. Such scritps have access to the following environment
 BBALPHAMSG The full text of the status log triggering the alert
 ACKCODE The "cookie" that can be used to acknowledge the alert
 RCPT The recipientID from the SCRIPT entry
 BBHOSTNAME The name of the host that the alert is about
 MACHIP The IP-address of the host that has a problem
 BBSVCNAME The name of the service that the alert is about
 BBSVCNUM The numeric code for the service. From the SVCCODES
 BBHOSTSVC HOSTNAME.SERVICE that the alert is about.
 BBHOSTSVCCOMMAS As BBHOSTSVC, but dots in the hostname replaced with
 BBNUMERIC A 22-digit number made by BBSVCNUM, MACHIP and ACKCODE.
 RECOVERED Is "1" if the service has recovered.
 EVENTSTART Timestamp when the current status (color) began.
 SECS Number of seconds the service has been down.
 DOWNSECSMSG When recovered, holds the text "Event duration : N" where N
 is the DOWNSECS value.
 CFID Line-number in the hobbit-alerts.cfg file that caused the script
 to be invoked. Can be useful when troubleshooting alert configuration
 hobbitd_alert(8), hobbitd(8), hobbit(7), the "Configuring Hobbit
 Alerts" guide in the Online documentation.


text:
Recent archaeological findings highlight the fact that the long-established history of the Sri Lankan Tamils should be reviewed. This archaeological result and the pertaining new perspective are of significance in two respects.
1. Though the belief of employing archaeological evidences in chronological studies is in cause for a time-consuming in Sri Lanka, there has been a propensity to associate the archaeological emblems pertaining to Tamils with the Tamils from Tamil Nadu who used stay Sri Lanka then and on rather than relating them with the Tamils living in Sri Lanka.
2. While these archaeological findings serve to support that the conventional history of Sri Lankan Tamils was subjected to the sway of Tamil Nadu and evolved, they help to prove that an individual background of theirs originated and flourished in Sri Lanka.
Yaudheya coinage of Punjab (300-340 AD): Karttikeya footing in front of, holding scepter; peacock on right. In Brahmi: 'Yaudheya Ganasya Jaya' (Victory to the Yaudheya people). Reverse: Goddess footing with hand on hip, wearisome translucent item of clothing.
Gupta Age coins deporting peacock image
A coin from Akkurugoda in southern Sri Lanka registers the figure of a mayil (Skt. mayura) 'peacock' on frontage and the name mahācattan in Brahmi character on reverse.
Coin issued by the Tamil rulers of Nallūr in Jaffna who ruled during 13th-17th century A.D. The obverse shows the figure or head of a king and the reverse illustrates a Nandi (bull vehicle of Siva) with a peacock facing the Nandi and the word setu, appearing below the bull.
Murukan replaces the peacock.
Coin on the observe illustrates a moon above with a peacock facing to the right below. The reverse shows in addition to the letters 'kan' the emblem of javelin and the feet of a man.
Coin showing a snake along with the peacock, both emblems of Murukan. The human figure may indicate the donor-king or Murukan himself.