.
Definition: A compact Kähler manifold M is Kähler hyperbolic if the pullback \tilde{\omega} of the symplectic form \omega to the universal cover \tilde{M} satisfies \tilde{\omega} = d\alpha for some bounded 1-form \alpha.
Suppose M is Kähler hyperbolic, and let \beta be any harmonic L_2 form on \tilde{M}. Then \beta is closed, and
\tilde{\omega} \wedge \beta = d(\alpha\wedge\beta)
Since \alpha is bounded, the form \alpha \wedge \beta is L_2. On the other hand, \tilde{\omega} is bounded (because it is pulled back from a form on a compact manifold), so \tilde{\omega} \wedge \beta is L_2. Now, (recalling the notation L for the operation of wedging with the Kähler form), the Kähler identity [L,\Delta]=0 is a purely local calculation, and therefore on any Kähler manifold (compact or not), wedge product with the Kähler form takes harmonic forms to harmonic forms. It follows that \tilde{\omega}\wedge \beta is harmonic, L_2, and equal to the image of an L_2 form under d; thus it vanishes identically.
But if V is a real vector space of dimension 2n, and \omega is a nondegenerate 2-form on V, then wedging with \omega is injective on \Lambda^* V below the middle dimension (this is the linear algebra fact which underpins the Hard Lefschetz Theorem for compact Kähler manifolds). Thus the operator L is injective on harmonic L_2-forms below the middle dimension. Dualizing, the operator \Lambda is injective above the middle dimension, and we deduce the following:
Theorem (Gromov): If M is compact and Kähler hyperbolic, the reduced L_2 cohomology of the universal cover \tilde{M} vanishes outside the middle dimension.
Example: If M is any compact manifold with K<0 then for any closed form \beta on M the pullback of \beta to the universal cover is d of a bounded form. This is proved by the Poincaré Lemma, since for a complete simply-connected manifold with K \le -C < 0, coning a submanifold along geodesics to a point gives a cone whose volume is bounded by the volume of the submanifold times a constant. So every Kähler manifold with a metric of strict negative curvature is Kähler hyperbolic. More generally, if M is merely nonpositively curved, and the flat planes are isotropic for the Kähler form, then the manifold is still Kähler hyperbolic. This applies (for example) to Kähler manifolds which are compact and locally symmetric of noncompact type. Generalizing in another direction, if M is Kähler with \pi_2(M)=0 and \pi_1(M) word-hyperbolic, then M is Kähler hyperbolic.
4. Calibrations
The previous section shows that \overline{L_2H}^1(\tilde{M}) vanishes whenever M is Kähler hyperbolic of complex dimension at least 2, where \tilde{M} denotes the universal cover of M. In fact, it turns out that one can completely understand the fundamental groups of Kähler manifolds for which \overline{L_2H}^1(\tilde{M}) is nonzero: it turns out that such groups are always virtually equal to the fundamental group of a closed Riemann surface of genus at least 2.
So let's suppose M is a compact Kähler manifold, that \tilde{M} is its universal cover, and let's suppose that \overline{L_2H}^1(\tilde{M}) is nonzero. Since \tilde{M} is simply-connected, every L_2 harmonic form (which is necessarily closed) is actually exact. Let \alpha be a nonzero harmonic L_2 form, and let \varphi denote its (1,0)-part, which is an L_2 holomorphic 1-form. Since \varphi is also exact, we can write \varphi = dg for some holomorphic function g on \tilde{M}. By the coarea formula we compute
\int_{\mathbb C} \text{vol}(g^{-1}(z))dg(z) = \|dg\|_2^2 < \infty
or in other words, most of the level sets g^{-1}(z) have finite volume. On the other hand, these level sets are complete holomorphic submanifolds, and holomorphic submanifolds of Kähler manifolds turn out to enjoy a very strong geometric property, which we now explain.
On a Kähler manifold, the symplectic form \omega is a calibrating form. This means that it satisfies the following two properties:
 1. it is closed; and
 2. it satisfies a pointwise estimate \omega^k(A) \le \text{vol}(A) for all real 2k-planes A, with equality if and only if A is a complex subspace.
It follows that if S is a holomorphic submanifold of complex dimension k, and S' is a real 2k dimensional submanifold obtained from S by a compactly supported variation so that S and S' are in the same (relative) homology class, there is an inequality
\text{vol}(S) = \int_S \omega^k = \int_{S'} \omega^k \le \text{vol}(S')
In other words, holomorphic submanifolds of Kähler manifolds are absolute volume minimizers in their homology classes (amongst compactly supported variations). From this one deduces the following:
Lemma: Let M be a Kähler manifold with bounded geometry. Then for each k there is a constant C so that if S is a complete holomorphic submanifold of complex dimension k, there is an estimate
\text{diam}(S) \le C\cdot \text{vol}(S)
Proof: It suffices to show that for some fixed \epsilon (taken to be the injectivity radius, say), there is a constant C so that the volume of S\cap B_\epsilon(p ) is at least C for any point p in S. A Kähler manifold with bounded geometry is uniformly holomorphically bilipschitz to flat \mathbb{C}^n in balls of size smaller than the injectivity radius, so we need only prove this estimate for holomorphic submanifolds of \mathbb{C}^n.
But actually, the estimate follows just from the fact that S is a minimal surface. If S is a complete minimal surface of real dimension N in a Euclidean space, passing through the origin (say), then the Monotonicity Formula says that for any R>r>0 there is an inequality
R^{-N}\text{vol}(S\cap B_R(0)) \ge r^{-N}\text{vol}(S\cap B_r(0))
This can be proved directly by using the vanishing of the mean curvature, but there is a softer proof that R^{-N}\text{vol}(S\cap B_R(0))\ge C > 0 where C is the volume of the unit ball in Euclidean N dimensional space, which is enough for our purposes. To see this, observe that C is the limit of f(R ):=R^{-N}\text{vol}(S\cap B_R(0)) as R goes to zero. Suppose on some interval [0,T] that f(R ) < C somewhere, WLOG achieving its minimum at T. The value of f( R) on [0,T] gives a lower bound for the volume of S\cap B_T(0), by the coarea formula. But the cone on S \cap \partial B_T(0) evidently has less volume than this, in violation of the fact that S is calibrated. The estimate, and the proof follow. qed
It follows from this estimate that some of the fibers of g:\tilde{M} \to \mathbb{C} are compact. The components of these fibers are the leaves of a foliation, and since the foliation is defined locally by a closed 1-form, the set of compact leaves is open; but these leaves are all locally homologous and thus have locally constant volume and therefore uniformly bounded diameter, so the set of compact leaves is closed, and therefore every leaf is compact. The space of leaves is 1 (complex) dimensional, and we thereby obtain a proper holomorphic map with connected fibers h:\tilde{M} \to S to a Riemann surface S. Note that the group of holomorphic automorphisms of \tilde{M} (which includes the deck group \pi_1(M)) must permute leaves of the foliation; for, since the leaves are compact, if their image were not contained in a leaf, the map to S would be nonconstant, in contradiction of the fact that a holomorphic map from a


text:
The military's robotic beast of burden went out this week for another stroll, demonstrating advancements in the way it moves through real-world environments.
The LS3, first revealed in February, is designed to carry heavy loads for troops in the field -- up to 400 pounds worth of equipment.
In the footage released by the Defense Department's research and development arm, two of the mule-like robots can be seen navigating hilly terrain with relative ease, sidestepping rocks and getting up from a sitting position.
The new and improved version of the LS3 is roughly 10 times quieter than what was seen earlier this year and has the ability to "easily transition" between speeds ranging from 1 to 7 mph, "showing the versatility needed to accompany dismounted units in various terrains," said Army Lt. Col. Joe Hitt, a program manager for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
The robot, which is being developed to have the ability to recognize basic voice commands, such as "stop," "come here," "sit," or "go over there," is able to follow a human leader and track members of a squad in forested terrain and high brush, according to DARPA.
"The goal of the LS3 program is to demonstrate that a legged robot can unburden dismounted squad members by carrying their gear, autonomously following them through rugged terrain, and interpreting verbal and visual commands," said Hitt. "The vision for LS3 is to combine the capabilities of a pack mule with the intelligence of a trained animal."
The agency had previously designed a similar four-legged robot called BigDog, which demonstrated to the research group that a "legged" design would be able to handle harsh terrain.
"BigDog was about mobility. Can we have a four-legged system navigate terrain the way soldiers navigate," Hitt said earlier this year. "We took BigDog's legs and put them on a platform three times the size and gave it eyes so that it could see its terrain."
The LS3 is smarter and stronger than its predecessor, which was able to carry only 100 pounds.
Onboard sensors allow LS3 to perceive obstacles in its environment, differentiating between a rock and a tree for example, and give the robot the capability to plan a different route.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


A guide to deposit protection schemes
As a landlord there are plenty of different rules and regulations that you need to think about in order to rent out your property. One of the biggest of these are Deposit Protection Schemes (DPS) but what are these schemes and why is it so vital that you have an awareness and understanding of how they work?
What is DPS?
When you rent a property, whether privately or through a letting agent, then you will have most likely been asked to pay a deposit. This deposit will depend on the property that you are renting as well as the agreement that you have with the landlord or agent. The important thing is the way the deposit is handled.
Any property that has been rented after the 6th April 2007 requires the landlord to place the paid deposit it a tenancy deposit scheme which is government backed.
There are a variety of different schemes out there that the landlord can decide to use, however, it has to be recognised and backed by the Government. As a landlord, you are also responsible for advising the tenant where their deposit is held and how they can raise a dispute should they require it later on in the process.
Why do you need it?
The idea behind a deposit is that it is a sum of money paid by the tenant to ensure that they look after and maintain the property whilst they rent it from you. If there are any problems when they leave the property such as overdue rent or damage, then the deposit can be withheld in order to meet the costs paid out by the landlord or the letting agent.
Without a deposit being paid into a DPS the landlord is liable, not the tenant. A tenant can seek legal advice as to whether or not their landlord has acted correctly, and if they haven't then regardless of the situation the landlord will need to either repay the deposit back to the tenant or find a DPS that they can place it into.
In some circumstances, a landlord may also find that the court order them to pay out as much as three times the deposit that the tenant paid, back to the tenant, all within 14 days of them making the order.
If this wasn't enough to convince you, then it is important to remember that you always want to be seen in a good light. Whilst being a landlord isn't a job as such, it is something that you should approach seriously and want to do properly. Not only will this help you along the way but will also ensure that your tenants see you as a landlord that they want to continue to rent with.
As you can see, DPS is an incredibly important part of letting out a property and is a part of the process that you should never ignore. Not only does it protect you, but also your tenants too, making sure that you are taking the first steps towards being the very best landlord that you can be.
Need further info on this or any letting related matter? Please contact Cooper Adams


text:
In many safety-critical systems, such as fly-by-wire and hydraulic systems in aircraft, some parts of the control system may be triplicated, which is formally termed triple modular redundancy (TMR). An error in one component may then be out-voted by the other two. In a triply redundant system, the system has three sub components, all three of which must fail before the system fails. Since each one rarely fails, and the sub components are expected to fail independently, the probability of all three failing is calculated to be extraordinarily small; often outweighed by other risk factors, e.g., human error. Redundancy may also be known by the terms "majority voting systems" or "voting logic".
Forms of redundancy
There are four major forms of redundancy, these are:
- Hardware redundancy, such as DMR and TMR
- Information redundancy, such as error detection and correction methods
- Time redundancy, including transient fault detection methods such as Alternate Logic
- Software redundancy such as N-version programming
A modified form of software redundancy, applied to hardware may be:
- Distinct functional redundancy, such as both mechanical and hydraulic braking in a car. Applied in the case of software, code written independently and distinctly different but producing the same results for the same inputs.
Function of redundancy
The two functions of redundancy are passive redundancy and active redundancy. Both functions prevent performance decline from exceeding specification limits without human intervention using extra capacity.
Passive redundancy uses excess capacity to reduce the impact of component failures. One common form of passive redundancy is the extra strength of cabling and struts used in bridges. This extra strength allows some structural components to fail without bridge collapse. The extra strength used in the design is called the margin of safety.
Eyes and ears provide working examples of passive redundancy. Vision loss in one eye does not cause blindness but depth perception is impaired. Hearing loss in one ear does not cause deafness but directionality is impaired. Performance decline is commonly associated with passive redundancy when a limited number of failures occur.
Active redundancy eliminates performance decline by monitoring performance of individual device, and this monitoring is used in voting logic. The voting logic is linked to switching that automatically reconfigures components. Error detection and correction and the Global Positioning System (GPS) are two examples of [active redundancy].
Electrical power distribution provides an example of active redundancy. Several power lines connect each generation facility with customers. Each power line includes monitors that detect overload. Each power line also includes circuit breakers. The combination of power lines provides excess capacity. Circuit breakers disconnect a power line when monitors detect an overload. Power is redistributed across the remaining lines.
Voting logic
Voting logic uses performance monitoring to determine how to reconfigure individual components so that operation continues without violating specification limitations of the overall system. Voting logic often involves computers, but systems composed of items other than computers may be reconfigured using voting logic. Circuit breakers are an example of a form of non-computer voting logic.
Electrical power systems use power scheduling to reconfigure active redundancy. Computing systems adjust the production output of each generating facility when other generating facilities are suddenly lost. This prevents blackout conditions during major events such as an earthquake.
The simplest voting logic in computing systems involves two components: primary and alternate. They both run similar software, but the output from the alternate remains inactive during normal operation. The primary monitors itself and periodically sends an activity message to the alternate as long as everything is OK. All outputs from the primary stop, including the activity message, when the primary detects a fault. The alternate activates its output and takes over from the primary after a brief delay when the activity message ceases. Errors in voting logic can cause both to have all outputs active at the same time, can cause both to have all outputs inactive at the same time, or outputs can flutter on and off.
A more reliable form of voting logic involves an odd number of 3 devices or more. All perform identical functions and the outputs are compared by the voting logic. The voting logic establishes a majority when there is a disagreement, and the majority will act to deactivate the output from other device(s) that disagree. A single fault will not interrupt normal operation. This technique is used with avionics systems, such as those responsible for operation of the space shuttle.
Calculating the probability of system failure
Each duplicate component added to the system decreases the probability of system failure according to the formula:-
- - number of components
- - probability of component i failing
- - the probability of all components failing (system failure)
This formula assumes independence of failure events. That means that the probability of a component B failing given that a component A has already failed is the same as that of B failing when A has not failed. There are situations where this is unreasonable, such as using two power supplies connected to the same socket, whereby if one socket failed, the other would too.
It also assumes that at only one component is needed to keep the system running. If components are needed for the system to survive, out of, the probability of failure is
, Assuming all components have equal probability,, of failure
This model is probably unrealistic in that it assumes that components are not replaced in time when they fail.
See also
- ^ Redundancy Management Technique for Space Shuttle Computers (PDF), IBM Research
- ^ Majority voting systems
- ^ Designing Integrated Circuits to Withstand Space Radiation
- ^ Using powerline as a redundant communication channel


text:
¡Cuídate! means "take care of yourself."
It is the theme of this culturally-based program designed to reduce HIV sexual risk among Latino youth. ¡Cuídate! helps youth develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to reduce their risk of STDs, HIV/AIDS, and unplanned pregnancy. The program emphasizes risk reduction strategies such as sexual abstinence and correct condom use through interactive activities. In Oregon,¡Cuídate! will include a comprehensive contraceptive learning session in addition to the program's emphasis on risk reduction strategies.
For more information on the ¡Cuídate! program, Select Media offers the ¡Cuídate curriculum and training materials.
¡Cuídate! is an evidence based curriculum. Youth in the ¡Cuídate! program reported having significantly:
- Fewer incidents of sexual intercourse,
- Fewer sex partners,
- Fewer days of unprotected intercourse, and
- For youth who are sexually active, an increase in consistent condom use.
In Oregon youth have the opportunity to participate in the ¡Cuídate! evaluation. Participation in the evaluation is voluntary and is not required to participate in the ¡Cuídate! program.
To find out if ¡Cuídate! is offered in your area in Oregon, please contact Lindsay Weaver at: _EMAIL_


text:
Content Distribution Network Interconnection (CDNI) Logging Interface, August 2016
- File formats:
- PROPOSED STANDARD
- F. Le Faucheur, Ed.
G. Bertrand, Ed.
I. Oprescu, Ed.
- cdni (art)
Cite this RFC: TXT | XML | BibTeX
Discuss this RFC: Send questions or comments to the mailing list _EMAIL_
Other actions: Submit Errata | Find IPR Disclosures from the IETF | View History of RFC 7937
This memo specifies the Logging interface between a downstream Content Distribution Network (dCDN) and an upstream CDN (uCDN) that are interconnected as per the CDN Interconnection (CDNI) framework. First, it describes a reference model for CDNI logging. Then, it specifies the CDNI Logging File format and the actual protocol for exchange of CDNI Logging Files.
For the definition of Status, see RFC 2026.
For the definition of Stream, see RFC 8729.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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CANC 380 Evolutionary Biology of Cancer
CANC 380 Evolutionary Biology of Cancer
 Fall 2019, Winter 2020
 Year 3 Optional Course
 9-10 hours/week
 3 units
Available
Online Course
Instructors
CANC 380, Evolutionary Biology of Cancer is a third-year online course designed to introduce students from various biological sciences and allied health backgrounds to cancer as an evolutionary problem. The course focuses on the effect of the local tumour environment on the progression of cancer and uniquely emphasizes the impact of the immune system in fighting cancer while at the same time shaping tumour cell evolution. In addition, the course will cover the effect on malignant progression of other factors present in the tumour environment, such as oxygenation levels.

*Previously BMED 380, Evolutionary Biology of Cancer.
Minimum 3rd year (level 3) standing and one of (MICR 270/3.0 OR MICR 360/3.0) and one of (BCHM 270/3.0 OR BCHM 218/3.0) or equivalent courses with permission from the instructor.
Teaching strategies for CANC 380 will include provided online materials, live discussions and individual assignment submissions via BrightSpace (onQ).
After completing CANC 380, students will be able to:
 1. Recognize the impact of cancer on society and major milestones in cancer research to appreciate the successes of therapies and to assess the need for further development.
 2. Acquire a basic understanding of the evolutionary nature of cancer to recognize and evaluate the contribution of tumour heterogeneity and plasticity to cancer progression.
 3. Analyze the tumour microenvironment to define its role in tumour invasion and its link to metastasis.
 4. Characterize the role of immunity and inflammation in cancer and to define their contributions to cancer control or progression.
 5. To apply an understanding of therapeutic selectivity to identify and evaluate the potential benefits and adverse effects of different therapeutic interventions in cancer.
 1. Communicator
 2. Scholar
 3. Professional
 4. Collaborator
All assignments will be graded using marking rubrics.
Assessment 1 – Discussion Board Posts (15%)
Students will post weekly responses to discussion questions related to module content. They will be evaluated on both the quality of their post and their responses to their peers.
Assessment 2 – Case Study (40%)
In this multi-part assignment, students will be given a hypothetical case study. The case study will follow the patient's journey from diagnosis. Students will be responsible for answering questions that will be used to evaluate their understanding of material covered throughout each section of the course. This assignment will prompt students to consider unique aspects of cancer progression and treatment specific to their assigned case study.
Assessment 3 – Multimedia Presentation (20%)
In this assignment, students will connect ideas learned in modules to study the molecular mechanisms relating regulatory B cells to malignant progression and metastasis. They will present their findings in a narrated powerpoint, and include research obtained from a primary paper.
Assessment 4 - Section Quiz (5%)
One quiz will be administered in the middle of the term. It will be in the form of multiple-choice questions and/or short answer questions that will test the student's understanding of the material covered.
Assessment 5 - Final Exam (20%)
Students are required to write an online proctored final exam. The exam will include well-designed multiple choice and short-answer questions, with an emphasis on problem solving, that will test the students' overall understanding and application of the course material, rather than rote memorization.
Students can expect to spend approximately 9–10 hours a week in study, practice and online activity for CANC 380.
Required Texts
CANC 380 course notes via modules will be posted online and select readings will be made available by the instructor.


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India Top Headlines
Ahmedabad Coronavirus News: Ahmedabad has the highest number of deaths by crown in India / m population | India News
Although Delhi and Mumbai appear to be worse with the highest number of Covid-19 cases and deaths each day, Ahmedabad with less than half the population of these meters has the highest deaths per million population in the country. It also has the highest case fatality rate (CFR) (number of deaths per 100 cases) among the nine megapolis with populations of more than 5 million.
With 115 deaths per million, Ahmedabad is much worse than Mumbai in second place with 80 deaths per million. Among the main meters, Bangalore seems to be doing its best with only one death per million. When it comes to CFR, Chennai's 0.9 is the lowest among the nine megacities. The data is from Friday morning.
The comparison here is between the nine urban agglomerations (cities and their urban growths, such as Greater Mumbai or Greater Calcutta) in the country that has 5 million or more people living in them.
More about Covid-19
A low CFR is often seen as a result of extensive testing and therefore the detection of a large number of positive cases. The greater the number of positive cases, the denominator, the lower the CFR. Ahmedabad's CFR of 6.9 has been explained by many as the result of inadequate testing. But the city's death toll per million suggests that Covid's mismanagement of cases has more than just inadequate evidence.
Even in absolute numbers, Ahmedabad, which has recorded 953 deaths, is second only to Mumbai with 1,698 deaths. Delhi follows Mumbai with 650 deaths. Bangalore has recorded only 14 deaths so far and the fewest number of cases, only 428.
Although many cities have been trying to comfort their recovery rates, epidemiologists have repeatedly pointed out that in an infection like Covid, where more than 90% of those infected are expected to recover, the proportion of those who recover can only increase. Consistently over time, and therefore recovery rates are a misleading measure of progress in fighting the disease.
These nine urban agglomerations contribute more than 1.3 lakh of cases (almost 60% of the total of India) and 4,299 deaths, more than two thirds of the total of the country. An urban agglomeration (UA) is a continuous urban habitation that surrounds a city or the continuous geographic stretch of two or more cities that, in many ways, function as the same city.
Mumbai UA, for example, is made up of the municipal corporations of Mumbai, Thane, Navi Mumbai, Kalyan-Dombivali, Ulhasnagar and Mira Bhayandar. Similarly, Kolkata UA spans the 24 Parganas, Hooghly and Howrah districts of Kolkata, North and South. Chennai UA has Chennai, Thiruvallur, and Kancheepuram, while Hydarabad UA includes Hyderabad, Rangareddy, and Medak. Ahmedabad UA also includes Gandhinagar.
The 2020 population estimates for these AUs from the United Nations Global Urbanization Outlook were used to calculate deaths per million. The India census does not include the Delhi satellite districts, such as Ghaziabad and Gurgaon, in the UA of Delhi and therefore the cases and population of Delhi are only for the state of Delhi or the city of Delhi. Delhi's population for 2020 is taken from the census population projections for the states.
Watch Covid-19: Why is Ahmedabad the most affected city in India?
Times of India


text: Water infiltration and its effects on road structures is a topic of great interest in civil engineering. Water is one of the primary factors which affects the mechanical function of roads. Road structures are more often found in unsaturated conditions as opposed to saturated ones. Under unsaturated conditions water flow is primarily by capillarity, while under saturation gravity is the primary force causing water movement. Moreover, under unsaturated conditions the equations describing water flow into soils are highly nonlinear, showing a higher difficulty in its numerical solution. At present there is a limited volume of literature on the hydraulic properties and numerical simulation of water flow in road structures under unsaturated conditions. This paper presents experimental data and nonlinear numerical simulations using the finite element method (FEM) to analyze the water infiltration through a road should structure in unsaturated conditions. Results show that the shoulder section evaluated in this study does not represent a zone of high water infiltration due to the low infiltration capacity of the materials evaluated, and that hydraulic properties measured in the laboratory can be successfully used in numerical codes for assessing water flow through road structures in future analysis. This work indicates that continuous rainfall events, even of low intensity, can cause more infiltration than a single rainfall event of high intensity.


How to calculate the equation with letters and 2 variables to get just one solution
6 views (last 30 days)
Dear everyone,
I want to calculate an equation with letter and variable.
Now I can get the variable value presented with the letters I used
but I don't know how to change the letters as real numbers.
this is the example
syms x0 y0 x1 y1 x2 y2 a b p q d positive;
[x0 y0] = solve('(x-p)^2+(y-q)^2=d^2','(p-a)*(y-b)=(x-a)*(q-b)')
then I can get the result
but the problem is how to enter the real number value of letters like
a = 1;
b = 2;
p = 3;
q = 4;
d = 5;
then how to get the only one solution for this two equation ???
Answers (1)
Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson on 10 May 2017
syms x y a b p q d positive;
sol = solve((x-p)^2+(y-q)^2==d^2, (p-a)*(y-b)==(x-a)*(q-b), 'returnconditions', true);
a = 1;
b = 2;
p = 3;
q = 4;
d = 5;
condition_information = arrayfun(@(C) solve(C,sol.parameters, 'returnconditions', true), subs(sol.conditions));
acceptable_solutions = ~cellfun(@isempty, {ttt.conditions});
x = subs(sol.x(acceptable_solutions));
y = subs(sol.y(acceptable_solutions));
Note: the code can be shorter if you do not mind nasty long warning messages...
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text:
Data and Methodologies
The Census takes place on one day in each decade when information is collected about all the people living or staying in every household in the country. The purpose is to build a full and reliable snapshot of how people live in our complex and rapidly changing society. This resource explores the past, present and future of the Census.
- Census (PDF, 2.69Mb)
- Help shape local transport (PDF, 730Kb)
- Help shape local education (PDF, 449Kb)
- Picking apart the data: how to use the census (The Guardian website)
Social science research findings are important because they affect everyone. Collections of digital information and data are commonly described as datasets. This three part resource, written with input from the Economic and Social Data Service (ESDS), explores datasets - their role in social science research, how they are accessed and managed.
Access, uses and management
Using ESDS data for teaching
Key points to remember when creating and managing data
This resource was written by Pamela (Readhead) Merritt
One of the UK's major data collections is the ESDS Catalogue, which contains over 5,000 datasets. Among these are 35 social survey datasets which have been tailor-made for teaching purposes.
The ESS is a good example of an international dataset. Now in its fifth round, the survey is designed to chart and explain the interaction between Europe's changing institutions and the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour patterns of its diverse populations.
The UK Data Archive is the UK's largest collection of digital research data in the social sciences and humanities.


text:
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What does q-snare proteins mean?
Definitions for q-snare proteins
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word q-snare proteins.
U.S. National Library of Medicine
 1. Q-SNARE Proteins
 SNARE proteins in which the central amino acid residue of the SNARE motif is a GLUTAMINE. They are classified separately from the R-SNARE PROTEINS where the central amino acid residue of the SNARE motif is an ARGININE. Subfamilies, the QA-SNARES; QB-SNARES; and QC-SNARES are grouped by the position of their SNARE motif-containing-domains in the SNARE complex and by their sequence similarities.
Numerology
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of q-snare proteins in Chaldean Numerology is: 7
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of q-snare proteins in Pythagorean Numerology is: 1
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text:
Assistant Professorship tenure track in Remote Sensing Fundamentals and Methods
We are seeking candidates in the field of remote sensing with a focus on fundamentals and methods. The aim of the new professorship in Remote Sensing Fundamentals and Methods is to respond to the substantial and rapidly evolving needs for scientific remote sensing theory, method development, sensor experimentation and data pro-cessing, and to complement existing expertise at the Department of Geography and the University of Zurich UZH). The successful candidate will bring a strong emphasis on geographically focussed remote sensing theory and methods enabling the development and exploitation of existing and novel remote sensing sensors, data acquisition and processing, physical-based/hybrid methods, and diversifying applications of remote sensing to geography and earth systems research. The professor will be expected to teach at the bachelor and master level in English and German (the latter after three years).
UZH provides generous research support, including dedicated funds for personnel, running expenses and competi-tive start-up packages. Additionally, the successful applicant is expected to acquire external research funding. Zur-ich's scientific environment encompasses a rich spectrum of diverse activities in remote sensing. Assistant professors tenure track are typically evaluated for tenure after 6 years. The employment conditions for this position follow UZH's legal regulations including part-time options. UZH is an equal-opportunities employer, and the Faculty of Science, in particular, strives to increase the percentage of women in leading positions. Therefore, quali-fied female researchers are particularly encouraged to apply. Care-time interruptions are considered during the eval-uation of applicants of all genders.
The open-minded and family-friendly city of Zurich combines the vibrant cultural scene in a modern European city with the convenient accessibility to its beautiful natural surroundings.
Applicants are kindly invited to submit their applications, which should include:
The evaluation processes at UZH and its Faculty of Science follow the DORA recommendations for assessing research quality and impact. Applicants are thus asked to refrain from referring to non-personal measures such as impact factors.
Please upload your application to _URL_ by 24th July 2022.
For further information, please contact the head of the Department of Geography, Prof. Dr. Jan Seibert (_EMAIL_).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Banning single use plastic shopping bags is a good idea.
This concept, currently being considered by Whitehorse, is a very progressive step.
While plastic bags might be a small percentage of the garbage stream they are one of the most visible.
At any landfill they festoon trees, fences and the occasional unfortunate bird.
Getting them out of Whitehorse completely is the right thing to do.
But here is the funny thing.
Plastic bags are recyclable.
Raven Recycling accepts them.
The bags are baled up, trucked south, melted down and made into new low-grade plastic items.
Of course, wasting time, labour and energy to make bags, ship them all the way to the Yukon, use them once, and then ship them back out is not efficient.
Use reusable cloth bags instead.
By banning plastic bags, by removing them completely from the consumption cycle, the most environmentally positive outcome can be arrived at.
The question then arises that if plastic bags can be banned why not ban other items?
Why not Styrofoam?
Unlike plastic bags, Styrofoam is not accepted for recycling at Yukon recycling centres.
However, like plastic bags, Styrofoam is made from hydrocarbons and is also not biodegradable.
Plastics and Styrofoam never biodegrade.
All they do is break down into smaller and smaller pieces.
These can enter the food chain with unintended negative consequences.
Banning Styrofoam within Whitehorse will not remove all of it from the local waste stream.
Styrofoam is used as packaging material for a lot of products that are shipped to the Yukon.
Anyone who has ordered a computer is also the recipient of lots of Styrofoam packing material. This will end up in the landfill.
But some Styrofoam is used for packaging on items generated within city limits.
Meat products at any of the big box grocery stores are carefully laid out on small trays of Styrofoam.
Each time anyone takes home a steak or pork chop, a Styrofoam tray is taken home as well.
Some take-away restaurant food is served in Styrofoam containers.
Alternate products exist for these items.
Food can be placed in be boxboard cartons, and meat can be sold on plastic trays.
Boxboard can be composted, or if it is not greasy, recycled into new paper products.
Plastic trays can be washed and then placed with other hard plastic containers for recycling.
It might even still be possible to get take-away coffee in Whitehorse that comes in a Styrofoam cup.
Styrofoam is not a good container for hot liquids, as the chemicals in the Styrofoam can leach into the beverage, and then get absorbed by the human doing the drinking.
Any form of single single-use non-biodegradable coffee cups, such as the Styrofoam ones, should be banned.
Most take-away 'paper' coffee cups also do not easily break down.
Some have a wax or plastic liner that limits the biological breakdown of the cup.
Some coffee shops in town use biodegradable cups.
They are good for a single serving, but when added to a compost pile they readily break down along with all the rotting fruits and vegetables.
Biodegradable cups are usually marked or labelled as such. If in doubt, ask the barista.
While plastic bags, Styrofoam and single use coffee cups might not represent a large portion of the waste stream volume wise, they do represent a significant visible portion.
Given that there are practical, easy alternatives available for all of them, banning them from the Yukon consumption cycle should be done.
It would be a fine start to getting Whitehorse onto the path of zero waste.
Lewis Rifkind is a Whitehorse based part-time environmentalist.


text:
White sesame seeds are more commonly used in the West and Middle East, while both the pale and black varieties are used in Asian cuisines. Sesame seeds often appear on breadsticks, crackers, bagels and hamburger buns. In Syria and Lebanon sesame seeds are part of the condiment zatar. Sesame is a key ingredient in halva, the Middle Eastern confection, and is ground into tahini, widely used throughout the Middle East and Mediterranean in such delicious spreads as hummus.
These flat, tiny seeds have a rich, nutty, sweet flavor. Sesame seeds come from a flowering plant of the same name. Typically, the Sesame Seed we use in the US is pale white in color, but can also be found black.
It is thought that sesame originated in sub-Saharan Africa, but according to Assyrian legend, when the gods met to create the world, they drank wine made from sesame seeds. Sesame seeds figure prominently in Hindu legends and beliefs, where they are a symbol of immortality. "Open sesame", the phrase from Arabian Nights, reflects the distinguishing feature of the sesame seed pod, which bursts open when it reaches maturity.


text:
A drawing or solid model software package may have the capability to save airfoil coordinate data in an x, y, z coordinate system.
After selection of a file, AeroFoil will scale the data to a maximum x/c of 1.0 and rotate it into the x/y plane. The data must begin at the airfoil trailing edge, continue along the surface, and terminate at the trailing edge. It may have a maximum of 250 coordinate points. The file may not contain any non-numeric values.
After the data file has been read it will be shown graphically on the main display and the coordinate points will be shown in the tabular grid. The data is displayed in a grid table with limited editing capability. Use the mouse and/or arrow keys to navigate in the table. The selected coordinate pair will be denoted on the airfoil by a red circle. It is NOT possible to create a data file using this table.


text:
Estimated reading time:
Configuration as code
decK can be, or rather should be, used in a CI pipeline to push out configuration
It is advisable to store configuration of Kong in a Git repository (or any other
Version Control System, or VCS) and then perform GitOps on Kong's configuration:
- Any time a change needs to be performed, ask the developer to open a
Pull or Merge Request, which can be reviewed by other humans.
You should use
deck validate and
deck diff commands in the CI to validate
and see if the target changes will be performed or not.
Although unlikely, it is possible that a
deck sync command might fail
even if the above two pass. If this happens, a human has to intervene and
resolve the conflict or error manually.
- Once the configuration change is merged in, the CI should execute
again (to have a log of what is changing), followed by
You should also have a
cronjob in your CI or any other system, which verifies
if the source of truth, meaning Kong's database is in the exact same state as
you want it to be (the state file in VCS repository).
Unless you do this step, you do not have a truly declarative configuration
as your are configure Kong but are never verifying. The system could be
out of sync and can go undetected until another change is performed.
Any time you use decK within an automated environment, including a
deck ping command in the beginning of your script can ease debugging
in the future, as it usually rules out connectivity issues between decK and Kong.


text:
Until the 2nd of December 2023, every first Saturday of the month the Borghese Gallery presents The Amorous Affection – Music for the works of the Galleria Borghese.
The Villa Borghese Gallery hosts the musical event The Amorous Affection – Music for the works of the Galleria Borghese. Until the 2nd of December 2023, every first Saturday of the month it will be possible to attend a concert by the musicians of the St. Cecilia Academy in Rome. Thirty minutes of music by the greatest classical composers will enliven the rooms of the museum.
The shows will be held each day in different rooms, creating harmony with the masterpieces of great artists such as Raphael, Caravaggio and Titian. A real immersive experience in Baroque and eighteenth-century culture.
In fact, the program includes contemporary music to the exhibited works or inspired by them, also linking to episodes of the Borghese family, anecdotes or paintings housed in the room, creating an evocative experience that combines art, music and history.
Galleria Borghese Museum houses a great collection of sculptures, mosaics and paintings ranging from the 15th to the 19th century. The museum owes its name to Cardinal Scipione who started the collection. Among the most important works are those of Caravaggio, Titian, Correggio, Raphael, Canova and Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The masterpieces are exhibited in the 20 frescoed rooms, while over 260 paintings are located in the storerooms of Galleria Borghese, located above the Pinacoteca.
When: from the 4th of March 2023 to the 2nd of December 2023
Where: Galleria Borghese Museum – Piazzale del Museo Borghese 5 , Rome
Price: 15 €
Take part in the music event The Amorous Affection – Music for the works of the Galleria Borghese and stay at 47 Boutique Hotel!


What Does A Blue Light Mean On A Ring Camera?
Understanding a ring camera is not complicated. Everything is explained well in the user guide and also on their website. If you want to know what does a blue light mean on a Ring camera, this is the article for you.
Blue light can mean several things depending on different states. When the light is blinking rapidly, it means one thing, and when the light is solid, it means another thing. The good news is you will get everything stated clearly in the user manual.
If you want to know more about the blue light on your Ring camera, make sure to read the entire article.
What Does A Blue Light Mean On A Ring Camera?
The blue light on your Ring camera means different things. So, it's important to understand the state of the light. This way, you can understand what it means. Ring explains the meaning of the blue light on its website.
Blue Light StateWhat It Means
LED turned off (no light)Camera is idle
Slowly blinkingSetup mode
Solid lightStarting up or recording
Blinking on and off and then stays turned on for about two secondsFirmware update
Slow pulsing lightTwo-way speaker enabled
Blinking for five secondsSetup completed
Blinks for five seconds before rebootingFactory restore
How To Fix Blue Light Issues
If your Ring camera is flushing the light out of the ordinary, you may need to fix it. There are several fixes you can try to get rid of the irregular blue light activities. Let's take a look at them.
Follow Proper Instructions
When you're setting up your Ring camera for the first time, make sure to follow the instructions provided by the user manual. The procedure may not be similar for all models. So, it's a smart thing to check the instructions for individual models.
In addition, whenever a blue light is flashing, pulsating, or blinking, check what it means. For most situations, there will be an explanation of what it means. Nonetheless, if you can't find what it means, move on to the other fixes.
Check The Internet
Your Ring camera is entirely dependent on Wi-Fi. If something is wrong with the internet connection, the light may not behave the way it is supposed to. Check the internet connection strength and make sure that your camera is getting an uninterrupted network.
If you are interested in it, you can check our article on do you need Internet for a Ring camera.
Restart Your Ring App
Sometimes when you set your Ring app from scratch, any issues with the camera get fixed. So, if you're experiencing unusual activities with your Ring camera, try reinstalling the Ring app.
You can also reset your device to see if it helps.
Check The Power Outlet
If there's no blue light at all, this can also be a sign of a problem. Check if the device is getting power. In case the outlet is faulty, it can also mess with the blue light. Sometimes when the power gets connected and disconnected over and over again, the blue light will not behave as it is supposed to.
It's easy to check if the power outlet is working fine or not. You can unplug the camera and connect something else to the outlet. If the device is not running without interruption, you may have to plug the Ring device into another outlet.
Contact Ring Support
The last thing you can do is to reach out to the brand itself. All devices are unique and can experience different types of issues. So, if nothing you do fixes the camera, the best option is to reach out to customer support.
The good news is, you will get prompt responses from the brand. In addition, they'll offer you specific solutions applicable to your Ring device. They can also help you with something that you don't understand.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. What does a red light mean on a Ring camera?
The red light of your Ring camera is an indicator of when something goes wrong. For instance, if the password is incorrect, you will notice the red light flashing. The same goes for when the setup fails. The red light also indicates that there is no internet connection available.
Q. How to get rid of the blue light on a Ring camera?
Many people are not comfortable with the blue and the red light occasionally turning on and off. It can be irritating to a lot of people. The good news is, if you don't want the light to bother you, there's a little hack you can use.
Take black tape and cut it into a very small square. The tape should be just large enough to cover the blue light. Because the surrounding area of the Ring camera is black, no one will be able to differentiate it.
It will help you get rid of the light. However, it's not recommended. The light is there to let you know what your device is doing. Covering it will only make it inconvenient for you to figure out what's going on.
Q. How to know what model of a Ring device I have?
The easiest way to find out is to use the user manual. If you don't have access to that, you can also use your Ring app to see what model you are currently using. Click on the three-dot button, tap on devices, go to device health, and then see device details. The name will be there.
Final Words
Hopefully, we've answered all your questions about what a blue light means on a Ring camera. If you're experiencing something you don't understand, the primary solution is to reach for the user manual.
When the manual fails to help you, you can try a few basic fixes, like resetting the device and the internet connection. In case none of them are working, you can always reach out to Ring customer support to solve the issue.
 As an Amazon Associate, I earn from Qualifying Purchases.


text:
Prediction of Shoaling in Estuarial Channels: A Microcomputer Applicationby E. J. Hayter, Clemson Univ, Dep of Civil, Engineering, Clemson, SC, USA,
V. Tapasvi, Clemson Univ, Dep of Civil, Engineering, Clemson, SC, USA,
P. K. Mukherjee, Clemson Univ, Dep of Civil, Engineering, Clemson, SC, USA,
A. J. Mehta, Clemson Univ, Dep of Civil, Engineering, Clemson, SC, USA,
Abstract: Shoaling rates at three predominant areas of sedimentation in the Hooghly River estuary, India, have been predicted using a sediment transport model run on an IBM compatible microcomputer. The one-dimensional model uses a settling function to determine the amount of sediment which deposits in an estuarial channel segment. A two node, finite difference schematization is used to simulate a settling basin, with a node located at each end. The Einstein methodology is used for determining the bedload and suspended load transport rates. The average amount of deposition, represented as a decrease in the depth in the shoaling area over a single time-step during model simulation is determined by solving for the time-averaged difference between the amount of sediment transported out of and into the basin.
Subject Headings: Estuaries | Shoals | Computer models | Computer software | Sediment transport | Hydrologic models | Computer analysis | Hydraulic models | India | Asia
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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text:
(DEUTSCHE WELLE) A new report by activists and economists about Myanmar's taxation system highlights its lack of transparency and accountability. In Myanmar, taxes may include arbitrary cash payments and even forced labor.
The report released this week says while Myanmar has legislation governing taxation, the actual tax system often includes forced labor, forced purchasing of goods or even confiscation of land and other property.
The report, based on a survey of over 340 people over a two year period, says taxes on households are generally collected by local village councils and the armed forces. State organisations such as the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) also levy taxes including funds ahead of November's general elections.
People are also forced to pay arbitrary fees at checkpoints and to give donations for festivals, school buildings, school registration and equipment.
Alison Vicary, an economist from Australia's Macquarie University, said the officials collecting the taxes, often members of the local military and other armed forces, are often also involved in human rights abuses. "We need to say that the system of taxation is oppressive and has no legitimacy", she told Deutsche Welle. "The agencies collecting taxes are actively involved in the control and suppression of the population."
In Myanmar, also known as Burma, the military has been in power since 1962. Over the time it has maintained a high degree of control over the economy, despite steps towards economic reforms in the 1980s and 1990s.
Population cannot save money
The report says taxation is "so corrupt that it is directly contributing to the deteriorating living conditions of the people and especially children."
Cheery Zahau, a coordinator with the Human Rights Education Institute of Burma, said the system's lack of accountability has a wide-ranging impact on society. Ms Zahau said rates of tax are generally unplanned. "The people of Burma already have a low income. So this adds to the problems of basic survival. They cannot save money; they cannot in many cases send their children to school and they don't have enough money for hospitals, for health care any more."
According to the report, the tax system denies most people of Myanmar the right to an adequate standard of living, health care, food and education.
Army's mismanagement of the economy
Macquarie University's Dr Vicary said the tax system highlights the military's mismanagement of Myanmar's economy over the past 50 years. "One of the biggest damages that this government has done is that it has impoverished people for several generations and for several generations into the future because of the damage that has been done. Burma's now so poor that it is going to take a long time to right the economic problems that the regime has caused."
Dr Vicary said the arbitrary level of taxation contributes to a further deterioration of the economy, in turn placing more pressure on provincial military units and other armed groups to extort resources from the local population.
Author: Ron Corben (Bangkok)
Editor: Thomas Baerthlein


Question: How to force a CSV file to download when clicking on a download link using PHP?
Example: We have a CSV file called example.csv we want users to download to use as a template. Now some browsers will display the contents of the file instead of asking users to download the file. What we want to do is to force the download instead of displaying the contents in the browser.

Answer:
 - Create a new PHP file called 'download.php'
 - Open the file for editing
 - Copy the code below into the 'download.php' file
 {codecitation style="brush: PHP;"}
 header('Content-Type: application/csv'); //Outputting the file as a csv file
 header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=example.csv'); //Defining the name of the file and suggesting the browser to offer a 'Save to disk ' option
 header('Pragma: no-cache');
 echo readfile('example.csv'); //Reading the contents of the file
 {/codecitation}
 - Now on the page where you want the user to click on the link to download the file add the following code
 {codecitation style="brush: HTML;"}
 Click here to download an example of the "CSV" file
 {/codecitation}
 - Now everytime the user clicks on the link the browser won't display the contents but will offer to download the file


text: Desalination offers an opportunity for source diversification of water for many communities, along with possible defenses against security threats potentially affecting clean water supplies. The economic costs associated with constructing and operating desalination plants in South Texas are investigated. Primary data utilized in the analysis include engineering considerations and actual costs associated with existing and plants under construction in South Texas. Specific costs considered include raw water acquisition and transport, pretreatment, and purification. Sensitivity parameters include source and quality of raw water, energy costs, size of plant, and other heuristic aspects of plant design and development. Annuity equivalent costs are reported on a per ac-ft of finished water basis, f.o.b. desalination plant.


More News:
January 11, 2018
Anton Probst brutally slaughtered eight people on a family farm in 1866
Books Murder
01112018_Anton_Probst./.
Anton Probst, above, used a hammer and axe to kill Christopher Deering, his wife and four children, as well as a family friend and employee, in 1866, in what is now South Philadelphia. A new book looks for links between the murderer and Frankenstein.
In "The Face of a Monster: America's Frankenstein," Delaware author Patricia Earnest Suter revisits the gruesome killings of eight people at the hands of Anton Probst in 1866.
A German immigrant, Probst came to the United States in 1863 and became a "bounty jumper" during the Civil War, joining up with Union regiments and collecting his check before deserting and doing the same with another troop.
After squandering away his money, he took a job for the Deering family as a farm hand in rural Philadelphia. To enrich himself, he killed Christopher Deering, his wife, four of their children, a family friend and another employee, slicing their throats and crushing their skulls before ransacking the house and hiding the bodies in hay.
Probst had the unmoved demeanor of a cold-hearted killer, but not the intelligence of one. A New York Times report about his execution details how detectives found him not far away in what's now considered Old City, drinking and selling away the family's possessions.
His trial was quick, and after initially only admitting to one killing, he opted to confess entirely when he was found guilty by a jury. Probst detailed how he slaughtered each person with a hammer and axe, and was reportedly "quiet, undemonstrative, cool and unembarrassed" at his hanging.
Credit/Hargrave PR and Events
The cover for 'The Face of a Monster: America's Frankenstein,' an upcoming book that revisits Anton Probst's brutal Philadelphia murders.
In her coming examination of Probst's murders, Suter hopes to have created an "imaginative blend of fiction and reality" by showing the parallels between Probst's ruthless crime and the monster in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel, "Frankenstein," just in time for the legendary book's 200th anniversary.
"(Shelley's) monster personified abandonment and loneliness, feelings Shelley shared. In despair, the creature resorts to violence and the novel darkens into tragedy," a preview for the book reads.
"Fifty years later, Anton Probst adopted characteristics of Shelley's monstrous creation."
For "The Face of a Monster," Suter, who's written previously about notorious true crime in the area, sourced "Frankenstein" and accounts from Shelley's inner circle as well as modern accounts of Probst from journalists and lawyers.
"This is a story of life imitating art," the preview reads. "Over the course of researching and writing 'The Face of a Monster: America's Frankenstein' Suter discovered that monsters exist and that her childhood belief was right: they almost always adopt human form."
The book will be available in hardback for $14.99 and via e-book for $9.99 on March 11.


Synonyms for opaque
1. opaque (vs. clear), cloudy, muddy, mirky, murky, turbid, fogged, foggy, frosted, glaucous, lightproof, light-tight, milky, milklike, whitish, semiopaque, solid, unclear
usage: not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy; impenetrable to sight; "opaque windows of the jail"; "opaque to X-rays"
2. opaque, unintelligible, incomprehensible (vs. comprehensible), uncomprehensible
usage: not clearly understood or expressed
Related Content
Synonyms Index


text:
Case Study 1: Business Schools of Asia-Pacific (Due October 10, 2012)
The pursuit of a higher education degree in business is now international. A survey shows that more and more Asians choose the Master of Business Administration degree route to corporate success. As a result, the number of applicants for MBA courses at Asia-Pacific schools continues to increase. Across the region, thousands of Asians show an increasing willingness to temporarily shelve their careers and spend two years in pursuit of a theoretical business qualification. Courses in these schools are notoriously tough and include economics, banking, marketing, behavioral sciences, labor relations, decision making, strategic thinking, business law, and more. The data set shows some of the characteristics of the leading Asia-Pacific business schools. Case Questions:
Use the methods of descriptive statistics to summarize the data. Discuss your findings. 1. Include a summary for each variable in the data set. Make comments and interpretations based on maximums and minimums, as well as the appropriate means and proportions. What new insights do these descriptive statistics provide concerning Asia-Pacific business schools? 2. Summarize the data to compare the following:
a. Any difference between local and foreign tuition costs.
b. Any difference between mean starting salaries for schools requiring and not requiring work experience.
c. Any difference between starting salaries for schools requiring and not requiring English tests.
3. Do starting salaries appear to be related to tuition?
4. Present any additional graphical and numerical summaries that will be beneficial in communicating the data to others.


The mathematical method explained
A full academic research paper, for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, is currently in preparation. That paper will contain all the details of the alt-3 method, along with the mathematical justification for its use to produce routinely better league-table rankings.
For now, we will show here the key mathematical formulae behind the method — for those who enjoy such things!
The mathematical model
The essence of alt-3 is to determine two numeric, nonnegative-valued strengths, which we label \(h_i\) (for home strength) and \(a_i\) (for away strength), for each team \(i\) in the league, on the basis of the team's match results to date within the current season. The scale on which team strength is measured is such that the average strength value is 1.
The strengths \(h_i\) and \(a_i\) are formally parameters in a statistical model — a model which specifies the probability of every possible match outcome for the whole season.
Specifically, when home team \(i\) plays away team \(j\), the three possible match outcomes (that is to say: \(i\) wins, \(j\) wins, or a draw) are taken to have the following probabilities:
\[\textrm{pr}(i\textrm{ beats }j)={h_i \over h_i + a_j + \delta(h_i a_j)^{1/3}}\] \[\textrm{pr}(j\textrm{ beats }i)={a_j \over h_i + a_j + \delta(h_i a_j)^{1/3}}\] \[\textrm{pr}(\textrm{draw})={\delta(h_i a_j)^{1/3} \over h_i + a_j + \delta(h_i a_j)^{1/3}}\]
The model depends on one further parameter, in addition to the team-specific strengths \(h_i\) and \(a_i\). This is \(\delta\), the 'prevalence of draws' parameter. The specific interpretation of \(\delta\) is that the probability of a draw between two average-strength teams (that is, teams \(i\) and \(j\) with \(h_i = a_j = 1\)) is \(\delta / (2 + \delta)\). Thus, for example, the value \(\delta = 1\) would imply that the probability of a draw in such a hypothetical match between average teams is \(1/3\).
Isn't that just a generalized Bradley-Terry model?
Yes, it is!
(But that is a nerdy question, of course. Don't worry if you have never heard of the Bradley-Terry model before. The main point of this part of the page is to say briefly where that strange-looking 1/3 power comes from, in the formulae above — and why it is important.)
The Bradley-Terry model, and variants of it, are well established in the ranking of sports players and teams. A well-known example is the Krach method that is used in US college hockey (i.e., ice hockey). And the Elo rating method, well known especially for its use to rank chess players, is also closely related to the Bradley-Terry model.
The probabilities shown above are in fact very similar to the model introduced in Davidson and Beaver (1977), which extends the Bradley-Terry model to handle draws (ties) and a home-advantage effect (or 'order effect'). The differences are:
 - the power 1/3 that appears in our formulae above, which determines how the probability of a draw relates to relative team strengths; whereas the Davidson-Beaver model has power 1/2 instead.
 - our model allows home advantage (or perhaps disadvantage) to be different for different teams; whereas in the Davidson-Beaver model the ratios \(h_i / a_i\) are assumed to be all equal to a single 'home advantage' parameter.
The reason for the power 1/3 is simple: in modern football leagues, three league points are awarded for a win, and 1 for a draw. It is long established that the Davidson-Beaver model, with its 1/2 power, would always reproduce correctly the final league standings in a full round-robin tournament, provided that the points system is '2–1–0', i.e., two points for a win and one for a draw. The appropriate modification for a 3–1–0 points system is to use power 1/3 instead of 1/2.
The use of power 1/3 is crucial, for a coherent ranking that takes into account schedule strength in football leagues. The use of power 1/3 ensures that whenever schedule-strength differences are absent, the model-based 'retrodictive' ranking agrees exactly (as it surely must!) with the official league table. This is particularly important, of course, at the end of the season, when the full double round-robin tournament structure exactly eliminates all schedule-strength differences.
How are the team strengths determined?
The strengths (and also the value of the draw-prevalence parameter \(\delta\)) are determined so as to make the above probabilities fit as well as possible to the actual match results seen already.
The standard statistical method for this is the method of maximum likelihood. This method finds the unique values of strengths \(h_i, a_i\) that yield exact agreement between:
 - the actual league points totals to date for each team, home and away; and
 - the expected league points, as derived from the above model, for the matches already played.
It is the choice of power 1/3 in the model that ensures that the method of maximum likelihood has this exact relationship with league points.
The 'schedule strength', 'effective matches played' and 'points per effective match played' summaries
Expected points per match
The assumed probabilities shown above, for the three possible match outcomes '\(i\) beats \(j\)', '\(i\) and \(j\) draw' and '\(j\) beats \(i\)', can be used straightforwardly to obtain team \(i\)'s expected points (\(e_{ij,\textrm{home}}\), say) in the home match against \(j\). With 3 points for a win and 1 for a draw:
\[e_{ij,\textrm{home}} = [3 \times \textrm{pr}(i\textrm{ beats }j\textrm{ at home})] + [1 \times \textrm{pr}(\textrm{draw})].\]
Let \(\bar e_i\) denote the average of all such \(e_{ij,\textrm{home}}\) and \(e_{ij,\textrm{away}}\) values, i.e., averaged over all of the matches played by \(i\) in a whole double-round-robin season. That is, \(\bar e_i\) is the expected (or projected) points per match for team \(i\) (both home and away) over the entire season — based on all of the current team-strength values \(\{h_1, a_1, h_2, a_2, \ldots\}\), and on the current draw-prevalence value \(\delta\).
The projected, season-long points per match rate \(\bar e_i\) is precisely the Rate column that is used to order the alt-3 table.
Expression in terms of 'schedule strength' and 'effective matches played'
For any match in which \(i\) plays \(j\), with \(i\) at home say, we define the schedule strength of that match for team \(i\) to be
\[1 - {e_{ij,\textrm{home}} \over \bar e_i}.\]
In this way, an 'average' match for \(i\) has schedule-strength zero. Tougher than average matches have positive-valued schedule strength; while easier matches than average have negative schedule strength.
The total schedule strength of all of \(i\)'s matches over the whole season is then (by design) exactly zero.
At any point during the season, we now define the effective number of matches played by team \(i\), by subtracting \(i\)'s total schedule strength (to date) from the number of actual matches already played by \(i\):
ePld = Pld − (schedule strength)
And finally we will see the reason for these definitions. The beauty of ranking via the alt-3 method is that, for \(i\)'s matches already played, the total league points accumulated by \(i\) (denoted by Pts in the league table) is exactly the same as the sum of the model-expected points — i.e., precisely the same sum that appears in \(i\)'s total schedule strength.
So we can now write
ePld = Pld − (Pld − Pts / \(\bar e_i\)) = Pts / \(\bar e_i\),
and hence the projected whole-season points per match for \(i\) can be usefully re-expressed as
\(\bar e_i\) = Pts / ePld.
This provides a cleaner interpretation for that all-important Rate column in the alt-3 table — an interpretation that completely avoids any (potentially misleading) predictive connotations. The Rate for any given team is best thought of as league points gained per effective match played.
The difference between the actual and effective matches played is the current (cumulative total) schedule strength for team \(i\). This is the key


New Project Proposals
Twice each year the Committee on Scope and Program of the Uniform Law Commission ("ULC") solicits proposals for new study and drafting projects. While many of our project proposals come from uniform law commissioners, we also encourage outside groups and individuals to submit proposals. The following guidelines are derived from the ULC's "Statement of Policy Establishing Criteria and Procedures for Designation and Consideration of Uniform and Model Acts" and are intended to assist those submitting proposals to better anticipate the kinds of questions that typically arise when the Committee on Scope and Program is considering a proposed new project. To the extent possible, in addition to submitting a description of the proposed project, address the following questions:
Is uniformity of state law for the proposed subject matter desirable and realistic?
While not every ULC act is uniformly adopted verbatim by all states of the United States (including the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands), we do focus on acts that (directly or indirectly) will promote uniformity among the states in their respective subject matter areas. The ULC generally avoids subjects that are of purely local concern or which are unlikely to be widely enacted because of political differences among the states.
Please address whether widespread enactment of the proposal would produce significant benefits to the public. Acts that reduce uncertainty or compliance costs because the law is made uniform among the states or which respond to a need common to a number of states generally produce such results. Legislation drafted by the ULC avoids the need for each state to develop its own solution. Consider whether the proposed project will:
(a) Facilitate the flow of commercial and other transactions across state lines?
(b) Reduce or eliminate conflicts of law arising when the law of more than one state might apply?
(c) Fill an emergent need, modernize an antiquated concept, or codify the common law?
What have the states already done with regard to this subject?
Information about existing state statutes and ongoing trends is very helpful. Conversely, the ULC tends to avoid subjects that are entirely novel in character.
Does the proposed project require changes in federal laws or regulations?
This is an important question because the ULC works exclusively in subject matter areas that are appropriate for state legislation.
What organizations or interest groups are likely to have an interest in the subject matter of the proposed project and are they likely to support or oppose a uniform or model act in this area?
The ULC strives to produce balanced, enactable legislation. Therefore, it is important to identify the appropriate stakeholders and assess whether they are willing to participate in the development of a proposed project.
Are there resources available to support the development of the proposed project?
The development of a uniform or model act generally requires a minimum of one year of study and two years of drafting meetings. The identification of an existing source of expertise with regard to a particular subject and/or the availability of outcome-neutral financial support (from a government or foundation source) is helpful information.
(Revised August 2010)


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- A new, paper thin film could help you to see in the dark.
- The device borrows from the existing technology in flat screen TVs.
- The film could be used in eyeglasses, cell phone cameras or car windshields.
Adapting technology found in flat screen television sets, scientists have created a thin film that converts infrared light into visible light. The technology could give cell phones, eyeglasses and car windshields cheap, lightweight night vision.
"This device can convert any infrared image into a visible image and would weigh no more than a pair of eyeglasses," said Franky So, a scientist at the University of Florida who describes his new night vision technology in a recent article in the journal Advanced Materials that was funded in part by advanced technology powerhouse DARPA.
Most night vision devices today use massive amounts of electricity -- often several thousand volts, according to So -- and heavy, glass lenses that maintain a vacuum to make the night come alive. So's device takes a radically different turn, replacing glass with thin plastic, eliminating the vacuum and using energy-efficient, organic LEDs.


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Crossing and finishing with build up play
Aim - To improve understanding of build up play. To improve runs into the box. To improve finishing from crossing situations.
- 1. Good first touch for wide men and attackers.
- 2. Make sure the crosses are in the right areas for the attackers to score.
- 3. Make sure the attackers make two runs each. One to take the marker away and one to attack the ball.
- 4. Always keep eye on the ball when finishing.


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Nearshore Wave Propagation
Markus Brühl, Dr
Senior Researcher in Coastal Engineering
Technische Universität Braunschweig, Leichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources
The research project "Generation of Extreme Transient Waves in Experimental Models" (ExTraWaG) aims to accurately generate target transient wave profile at a pre-defined position in the wave flume (transfer point) under shallow water conditions. For this purpose, the KdV-based nonlinear Fourier transform (KdV-NLFT) is introduced as a continuative wave analysis method and is applied to investigate the nonlinear spectral character of experimental wave data. Furthermore, the method is applied to generate transient nonlinear waves at specific locations in the wave flume, considering the nonlinear transformation and interactions of the propagating waves. Results of the project will be presented.


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'The Drive for Purity' Workshop Success
'The Drive for Purity' Workshop Success
'The Drive for Purity', the final workshop part of the international project 'Rethinking Reform _PHONE_', led and organised by Professor Julia Barrow and Dr Ceri Pitches, proved highly successful.
Rethinking Reform _PHONE_
'The Drive for Purity' workshop is part of a larger international project, titled 'Rethinking Reform _PHONE_: Conceptualising Change in Medieval Religious Institutions', funded by the the Leverhulme Trust. This project brings together medieval and modernist scholars in an informal environment from across Europe, to discuss how changes in medieval churches were understood and explained in their own day and how they have been reinterpreted in post-Reformation and especially post-Napoleonic historical writing.
The project is coordinated by the University of Leeds, with partners from the University of East Anglia (UEA), University of Paris VIII, University of Mainz, KU (Catholic University), Leuven, Ghent University, and Durham University. Previous workshops were held in January 2017 (York), September 2017 (KU Leuven), and April 2018 (Leeds). 'The Drive for Purity' is the final workshop, and was held in September 2018 (Mainz). These workshops gave scholars the chance to reflect on the choice of vocabulary used to define changes between the early Middle Ages and the twelfth century and also the ways in which medieval institutions and individuals created narratives of change.
Julia Barrow, Professor in Medieval Studies (University of Leeds), is the Principal Investigator of this project (pictured above), and Ceri Pitches is the network Facilitator (University of Leeds) (pictured below).
A final conference titled Reconceptualising Reform will bring together the themes of all four previous workshops and conclude the discussion. This conference will be held at Ghent University in April or late May 2019. More details, when available, can be found on the project website.
'The Drive for Purity' Workshop
The workshop 'The Drive for Purity' was held from 13-14 September 2018 at JGU, Mainz. The finalised programme is as follows:
Thursday 13 September
Friday 14 September
- 13:30-14:00. Registration.
- 14:00-14:15. Welcome and Introduction. Ludger Korntgen, JGU, Mainz.
- 14:15-14:45. Paper 1: Papacy without Theology - a German View of the Reforming Papacy. Jochen Johrendt, Universitat Wuppertal.
- 14:45-15:00. Discussion of Paper 1.
- 15:00-15:30. Paper 2: Constructing Canonical Authority: Memorializing Gregory the Great in the Early Middle Ages. Rob Meens, Universiteit Utrecht.
- 15:30-16:00. Coffee/Tea Break.
- 16:00-16:30. Paper 3: L'heresie des Nicolaites a-t-elle quelque chose a voir avec la purete clericale? Isabelle Rose, Universite Rennes 2.
- 16:30-17:00. Paper 4: Purity and and Sodomitic Danger: Revisiting Peter Damian's 'Book of Gomorrah'. Conrad Leyser, University of Oxford.
- 17:00-17:30. Discussion of Papers 2, 3, & 4.
- 9:00-9:30. Arrival & Tea/Coffee.
- 9:30-10:00. Paper 5: The Serpents of Watten. Clerical Celibacy and Notions of Purity in Milieus of Regular Canons (Flanders, c. 1070-c.1150). Brigitte Meijns, KU Leuven.
- 10:00-10:30. Paper 6: Purity and Pollution in the English Benedictine Reforms: Language and Narratives. Katy Cubitt, University of East Anglia.
- 10:30-11:00. Paper 7: Clerical Marriage and Abstinence in 12th-century Byzantium: Is Your Priest Impure or Simply Distracted? Maroula Perisanidi, University of Leeds.
- 11:00-11:30. Discussion of Papers 5, 6, & 7.
- 11:30-12:00. Tea/Coffee Break.
- 12:00-12:15. Summing Up. Ludger Korntgen, JGU, Mainz.
- 12:15-13:00. Roundtable Discussion and Questions.
A total of 27 scholars and postgraduate students participated in the workshop. Eight of the PhD students were supported by a bursary from the project funding. The speakers were from diverse universities in various countries, and scholars and PhD students in attendance also came from universities across Europe and the USA, including:
- Jagiellonian University, Poland
- University of Oxford (multiple colleges)
- University of St Andrews, Scotland
- University of Iowa, USA
- University of Exeter
- University of Paris VIII
In addition to the workshop, participants also attended a tour of the excavations in the Johanniskirche, an early medieval church with 10th-century fabric, as well as a tour of the nearby cathedral. Ernst-Dieter Hehl, JGU/Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz, led the cathedral tour.
For more information about 'The Drive for Purity', or about the upcoming conference, see the the 'Rethinking Reform' website, or contact Julia Barrow (_EMAIL_) or Ceri Pitches (_EMAIL_).


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I'm having a hard time getting off the ground with this, and am trying to move away from ArcGIS / arcpy.
I have a shapefile with a network of polylines. I want to find/count all 2-way intersections, 3-way intersections, 4-way, etc. This would involve, I think:
 - splitting all lines at intersections
 - deleting identical segments (with some spatial tolerance)
 - create points at the end of each new line segment
 - buffer the line ends, and count the number of points near/at each line end
I would like to do this in a python script. Is this overall plan easily implementable in pyQGIS? An outline of the calls I would be using would be very helpful.
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Taking the first part, if it's of any help GRASS v.clean break (in the Sextante toolbox) will split polylines at line intersections, into new polylines. N. – nhopton Aug 14 '12 at 9:43
1 Answer 1
There are a number of ways to approach this and several different ready-to-go python modules at your disposal. However I cannot directly comment on the Qgis calls but am confident most if not all of these processes are available and documents in the API: _URL_
Going in order of your requests:
> splitting all lines at intersections
You can first test to see which lines intersect and then find the intersecting points between any two lines.
There is an excellent example of how to do this in python on compiledreams.com:
Part 1) Testing for line intersection Part 2) Finding the point of intersection
Alternatively you can use the python module Shapely that offers a robust set of geometric relationship methods including intersection. Fiona was also written to work very nicely with shapely and can provide a means of data-structure translation (assuming you will be using a friendly GDAL/ORG format)
Qgis does offer similar capabilities but depending on the size of the dataset could be rather time consuming.
> deleting identical segments (with some spatial tolerance)
I am not sure where you would be getting identical segments from because you are essentially breaking a line feature at the point and making what was one two separate line features.
> create points at the end of each new line segment
So if we break a line a = [(2,0),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3)] at the intersection point of line b = [(0,2),(1,2),(2,2),(3,2)] we would get a1 = [(2,0),(2,1),(2,2)] and a2 = [(2,2),(2,3)] as the return. There is no duplicated geometries and the endpoints of the lines would be the first and last vertices's in the array. So for a1 it would have endpoints e1 = (2,0) and e2 = (2,2).
>buffer the line ends, and count the number of points near/at each line
So again shapely offers a very easy method to do this by any number of units you choose (same units as the input data is in).
Alternatively, you would define a radius around each point and create a separate polygon feature that acts as the buffer. [I am going to forgo writing out the algorithm here because I doubt that this is what you really want to do].
Then you would test to see which points fall within the buffer polygon while keeping a simple count.
Similar to the testing if lines intersect example above you can test if a point is within a polygon using an algorithm like the one defined here: _URL_
You can however just find all of the intersection points within a certain distance of any given intersection with some threshold distance. This would also save the need to create buffer polygons and performing various tests.
Without knowing much about your specific end goal you can also treat the network of polylines just as that by treating it as a network graph. This could simplify the whole process by using Networkx, which also lets you read in shapefiles. Although the topological relationships between the line features must be accurate already (meaning having already broke lines at intersection points). The counting of intersections is then just a matter of calculating the network statistic of "degree", which again is a simple method call in Networkx.
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Simonellite (1,1-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-isopropyl phenanthrene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a chemical formula C19H24. It is similar to retene.
Simonellite occurs naturally as an organic mineral derived from diterpenes resins It is named after its discoverer, Vittorio Simonelli (1860–1929), an Italian geologist crystals. It occurs in Fognano, Tuscany, Italy.
Simonellite, together with cadalene and ip-iHMN, which makes it useful for paleobotanic analysis of rock sediments


Home>News>Nation>Solon urges use of gov't air assets for vaccine distribution
Solon urges use of gov't air assets for vaccine distribution
IN preparation for the arrival of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines, Quezon City Rep. Alfred Vargas is calling on the government to conduct immediate inventory of air assets owned or leased by civilian government agencies, and government ownedand controlledcorporations (GOCCs).
With the target of at least 60 million Filipinos, it is expected that vaccine distribution could reach far-flung areas in the country, Vargas said.
And the distribution would be faster using planes and helicopters of civilian government agencies and GOCCs since they are smaller in size compared to C-130s used by the military, which means they can land on short runways, the solon added.
"While our Air Force has its work already cut out for them, the government would need more logistical support to roll out the COVID-19 immunization program immediately. We need to have as much of our people vaccinated as fast as we can," he stressed.
Vargas noted that some GOCCs, like the Philippine National Oil Company, own helicopters for their aerial surveys or transport of personnel.
Some civilian agencies or GOCCs also maintain aircraft on fractional corporate lease or "timeshares," where they are allotted a certain time to use the aircraft for a month or a certain period.
This means, Vargas said, that an aircraft on lease can still be used for transporting vaccines using the time allotted for the lessee concerned if the plane or helicopter is available for deployment.
"To ensure the efficient use of aircraft owned by GOCCs and civilian agencies, they must temporarily be placed under the military's flight operations or control for the specific purpose of vaccine distribution," Vargas added.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Director General Eric Domingo said a COVID-19 vaccine could be rolled out in the Philippines in March 2021 if the agency issues emergency use authorization (EUA) by January next year.
President Rodrigo Duterte recently signed an executive order allowing the FDA to issue EUA for COVID-19 vaccines and drugs. The EUA would speed up the processing time for approval of a vaccine, from the usual six-month review period to only one month.
Secretary Carlito Galvez Jr., the country's vaccine czar and chief implementer of the National Task Force against COVID-19, said the government targets to vaccinate at least 75 percent to 80 percent of the population to achieve herd immunity.
Publication Source : People's Journal


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How to Grow Hollyhocks
How to Grow Hollyhocks. Hollyhocks are biennial plants in many climates, meaning they grow leaves the first year and flower, seed, and die the next. However, depending on their growing conditions, your hollyhocks may keep coming back as...
Experiment with striking colour combinations when planting for spring displays
THIS summer the horticultural team responsible for planting the borders and island beds in the beautiful Castle Gardens, Guildford, Surrey opted to use a selection of fiery red and orange toned plants.


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Screening is a method of finding out if you have hepatitis before you begin to have any symptoms. Screening involves:
- Assessing your medical history and lifestyle habits that may increase your risk of hepatitis
- Undergoing tests to identify early signs of hepatitis, including blood tests for hepatitis antigens and antibodies—Antigens are foreign proteins. Antibodies are proteins that your body has made to fight infectious agents.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends screening for hepatitis in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit and in people at high risk for the disease.
- Reviewer: Daus Mahnke, MD
- Review Date: 03/2013 -
- Update Date: 00/31/2013 -


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Chong, Gregory Chow Ye
Trajectory-scheduling control systems and their multi-objective design automation.
PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.
Full text available as:
This thesis encompasses the analysis of TSN systems and their multi-objective design methods. TSN nodes are networked through interpolation and activation, similar to a gain-scheduling or local model/controller network. However, to achieve accuracy and ease of commissioning without requiring a large number of nodes, an algorithm has been developed first to identify optimum transition nodes within the entire operating envelope. Then the TSN approaches a nonlinear plant globally, not just locally, without requiring linearization. If desired or necessary, global optimisation provides an enhancement in the design process for TSNs. Since optimising only one aspect (a single objective) of performance while compromising others is undesirable, multi-objective designs have been developed concurrently to deliver or improve multiple aspects of performance.
Following the development of a TSN, it is applied to nonlinear system modelling, and this TSN is termed a Trajectory-Scheduling Model (TSM). A TSM possesses the same properties and design features as the TSN generic framework. A nonlinear system, a coupled liquid-tank, is used to examine this modelling technique. Results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the methods developed and validates the TSM.
Further, the TSN technique is applied to nonlinear controller design, by way of a Trajectory-Scheduling Controller (TSC) network. It is illustrated through the design of a networked, easy-to-understand and easy-to-use PID control system for the coupled liquid-tank. Results show that the methods developed offer a high-performance linear control system with nonlinear capabilities to handle practical systems operating in a broad range and to cope with conflict between setpoint following at transient and disturbance rejection at steady state. This method is then applied to the PID network design problems for two nonlinear chemical processes.
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The European Vending Association (EVA) announced that it has published its position paper on HFC gases. Following a regulation, which bans the use of these gases in the automobile industry, the European vending industry said it has decided to take a step forward on this issue.
In Europe, there are 4.6 million snacks and bottled drinks vending machines and point-of-use, which are the machines that use a cooling unit. These machines are operated by HFC gas R-134a and will probably continue to be in use in the market until approximately 2030, according to the usual life cycle of a vending machine.
According to EVA, apart from a few tests conducted over the years, there is not a single manufacturer that produces vending machines that use CO2 in Europe. Even if manufacturers started to produce machines that used CO2, EVA maintains that the size of the machines would increase considerably for the simple reason that extra room would be necessary to allow the installment of a refrigeration system to cool the compressor where the CO2 would be stored in the machine. Currently, with the R-134a gas, there is no such need.
The consequences of an increase in machine size are threefold, according to EVA. The first issue would be waste treatment, which would increase proportionally according to the size of the machine, given that vending machines are regulated under the WEEE Directive. This in turn would increase the machines energy consumption. Also, incorporating CO2 into a vending machine would require the machine to be redesigned, and, therefore, cost efficiency would not be optimal.
The association stressed that it is committed to the environment and would not be opposed to adopting the use of alternative refrigerants in the future, provided they remained safe, as well as economically and environmentally viable.
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Christ Church the Episcopal Church in the Village of Manlius, has the distinction of having the oldest church building in Onondaga County and the oldest parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York, established in 1798. Its earliest years were marked by worship in people's homes and later at the Franklin Schoolhouse. In 1804, the parish was organized and incorporated, first as Trinity Church, then Christ's Church, and finally, as Christ Church.
The present building was erected in 1813 with the assistance of Trinity Church, Wall Street, New York City, but it was located on the site of the present village cemetery on route 173. Remarkably, in 1832 the building was rolled on logs to the site on which it stands today. Early church lore tells us that the move was achieved "with bells hanging and the organ ready to play without jarring so much as to remove even a square foot of plaster."
Over the years, there have been many structural and stylistic changes to the building. In 1867, the placement of the stained glass windows began. Two of these windows are from the Tiffany Studio in New York City. In 1949 the Parish House was built and in 1962 the Hospitality House was purchased. More recently, 1997 marked the year when the interior of the church was redesigned and refurbished, most notably by creating a new balcony, a baptistry, and by placing a new organ.
In 2009, Hospitality House was taken down and a new addition was built. This space, commonly known as Crosby Hall, houses a kitchen, community room, classrooms and a large meeting room.
We continue to share our sense of faith,identity, and mission as a vibrant part of the Manlius community.


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It isn't quite as awesome as if they discovered an anti-gravity molecule, but the anti-cavity molecule that was recently identified by dental researchers could still have some pretty cool applications.
The molecule has been named Keep 32, after the 32 teeth in a normal human mouth. A researcher at Yale University named Jose Cordoba and his partner at the Chilean Universidad de Santiago, Erich Astudillo, claim that the Keep 32 molecule can kill the bacteria that cause cavities. It could make cavities a thing of the past, they say.
Research into the molecule began in 2005 and we are supposedly only 14 to 18 months away from it hitting the market (assuming it passes all the safety tests, of course).
The molecule reportedly can be added to any mouthwash or toothpaste, and even to non-dental products like gum and candy, so it has the potential dramatically change the world of dentistry. Wouldn't it be a crazy irony if candy ultimately became the product that ended cavities once and for all?
Just think–the horrible fear of the dentist's drill could soon be a thing of the past. While that would obviously be a very good thing, I think I would kind of miss the bizarre feeling that you get when you leave your dentist's office with your mouth still completely numb from Novocaine.