兲′共 t 兲 兴 A共 D 兲
D
A brief explanation of the reflection method is as follows: given a solution L of equation (4); the goal is to extend it into a solution of the same principal equation on the whole plane. If this can be done, the extended solution can be computed in terms of the initial value, using the 2 Fourier transform on ⺢ . It is indeed possible to determine such an extension, using a transformation of the plane into itself, which maps the positive half-plane x1 > 0 onto the negative one, x1 < 0. The matrix of the transformation is:
L共 a*共 t 兲, x1, x2 兲 dx1 dx2 (13)
where A(D) is the whole surface of the nurseries D and J(0, t) represents the instantaneous flux per surface unit of larvae entering the juvenile stage at time t per unit time. The relationship (13) can be stated, as in (Arino et al. 1996), by establishing a balance of exchanges between the larval and juvenile compartments.
T=T
Consequently, the equation for the juveniles is reduced to an age-structured one, only accounting for the ageing and mortality processes, and reads:
共 ⭸a⭸ + ⭸t⭸ 兲 J共 a, t 兲
J共 a, 0 兲
(14)
where J0 is the initial juvenile distribution at year 0. The equation is completed by formula (13) which gives the boundary condition at age a = 0.
The whole system is composed of three equations satisfied respectively by L and J; with initial and boundary conditions. We restrict our attention to two: (4), (5), (6) for L and (12), (14) for J:
3.1. Solving the equation for the larvae
共k
11
The solving of equation (4) can be accomplished in two steps: 1) the equation with the right hand-side restricted to the diffusion term and boundary condition (6) is considered first: a parabolic equation, with constant coefficients, on a half-plane can be solved explicitly, using an extended version of the reflection method. In this step, the transport is cancelled, u = 0. 2) Coming back to the general case, u 7 0, the first order expression in the right hand-side of (4) can be absorbed by a change of the unknown L to L√ given by:
− 1
0 k12 −2 1 k11
(15)
We use the method of lines (Webb, 1985) to reduce the study to age-cohorts; that is to say, we follow the larvae born at a same given moment. For these larvae, time and age are related as follows: t = t0+a, where t0 is the birth date; so, one can substitute t0+a for t in the equation, thus keeping only one time variable. The physical domain is considered a half-plane, with x1 = 0 as a boundary. This, of course, is a simplification, justified by the size of the domain: it allows to us to obtain explicit formulae in the same way as was done in (Arino et al., 1996). The boundary condition reduces to:
3. SOLVING OF THE MODEL EQUATIONS
T
−1
3.1.1. Case (u = 0)
The description of the dynamics of adults is skipped.
L√共 a, t, X 兲 = exp − u K 2
=
For the sake of conciseness, the following notations are T adopted: X = 共 x1, x2 兲 and Xx = TX, where 'T' denotes the − 1 transpose operator. As usual, K denotes the inverse of matrix K and det(K) its determinant. Note that T − 1 − 1 T K T=K .
= − µj共 a 兲 J共 a, t 兲 = J0共 a 兲; t > 0, 0 < a < 2
− 1
⭸L + k ⭸L a, t, 0, x = 0 共 12 ⭸x 2兲 ⭸x1 2
The solution can be explicitly written as follows: L共 a, t, X 兲 = SL共 a 兲
关 0,+∞ 关 ×⺢
kL共 a, X, Y 兲 B共 t − a, Y 兲 dY, for t > a
(16)
where SL is the larva survival function (7), and: 1 4p 公det共 K 兲 关 exp共 − H共 s, X − Y 兲 兲 + exp共 − H共 s, Xx − Y 兲 兲 兴
kL共 s, X, Y 兲 =
X L a, t, x 共 兲
105
(17)
A. RAMZI et al. / Oceanologica Acta 24 (2001) 101–112
4. ESTIMATE OF THE RATE OF RECRUITMENT
with T
− 1
H共 s, X 兲 = X K X 4s
(18) Some observations have permitted us to justify the hypothesis that only the larvae metamorphosing in nurseries are susceptible to become adults. In fact, a very small number of juveniles have been found outside the nurseries (Koutsikopoulos et al., 1993). The proposed model allows us to evaluate the fraction of larvae reaching the nurseries at the moment of their metamorphosis. A formula giving an estimate of the rate of recruitment will be established, involving the transport parameters K and u, biological related parameters as µ and a*, and some geographic characteristics of the nurseries and spawning grounds.
It should be noted that this formula is valid only for a < a*共 t 兲, where a*共 t 兲 is given by (3). Relationship (16) is interpreted as follows: larvae of age a occupying the position X at time t, are those among larvae born at time t–a, whose density is B(t–a, Y), which have survived up to age a with survival probability SL(a); and which have transited from birth position Y to the actual position X. The function kL(a, X,Y) gives the transition probability, during a period of time equal to a, of movement from a position Y to a position X.
3.1.2. Case (u 7 0) We return to the first case by substituting the function Lx to L as explained above. Straightforward computations lead to the following expression for L: L共 a, t, X 兲 = SL共 a 兲
X
Consider now a microcohort arriving at the juvenile stage in an infinitesimal time interval 关 t, t + dt 兴 . Then, individuals of this microcohort were born during the interval time 关 t − a*共 t 兲, 共 t + dt 兲 − a*共 t + dt 兲 兴 whose length is 共 1 − a*′共 t 兲 兲 dt. Then, the total number of individuals born in this time interval is equal to:
kL共 a, X, Y; u 兲 B共 t − a, Y 兲 dY, for t > a (19)
冉兰
where
T
− 1
共 1 − a*′共 t 兲 兲
kL共 a, X, Y; u 兲 = exp − u K u a 4 T − 1 exp 1 u K 共 X − Y 兲 kL共 a, X, Y 兲 (20) 2
X
B共 t − a*共 t 兲, Y 兲 dY
dt
(22)
The number of individuals entering the juvenile stage in the time interval [t, t + dt] is given by the formula:
冉兰 兰
3.2. Solving of the equation for the juveniles
SL共 a*共 t 兲 兲共 1 − a*′共 t 兲 兲 According to (12):
D X
kL共 a*共 t 兲, X, Y; u 兲
B共 t − a*共 t 兲, Y 兲 dY dX
J共 0, t, X 兲 = 共 1 − 共 a* 兲′共 t 兲 兲 L共 a*共 t 兲, t, X 兲 for X in D
dt
(23)
The expression of L is given in (19). Then, the fraction of larvae recruited in the juvenile stage is given by the following formula:
Using the method of lines, (14) leads to the following expression: J共 a, t, X 兲 =
SJ共 a 兲 J 共 a − t, X 兲, for t < a < 2 SJ共 a − t 兲 0 SJ共 a 兲 J共 0, t − a, X 兲, for a < t
R共 t 兲 = SL共 a* (21)
where SJ(a) is the survival function of juveniles which can be expressed in terms of µJ by a formula similar to (7), and J(0, t–a, X) is given by relationship (12).
共t兲兲
兰 冉兰 D
X
X
106
kL共 a*共 t 兲, X, Y; u 兲 B共 t − a*共 t 兲, Y 兲 dY
dX
B共 t − a*共 t 兲, Y 兲 dY (24)
A. RAMZI et al. / Oceanologica Acta 24 (2001) 101–112
parameters. Then, if one can estimate the egg distribution (from data sampling), the model can be used for recruitment prediction.
The proportion arriving at a given nursery Di from all the larvae born (on any of the admissible spawning grounds) is: Ri共 t 兲 = SL共 a*共 t 兲 兲
兰 冉兰 Di
X
kL共 a*共 t


text:
HydroColor is a water quality application that uses the iPhone camera to determine the reflectance of natural water bodies. Using this information, HydroColor can estimate water turbidity (0-80 NTU), concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) (g/m^3) and the backscattering coefficient in the red (1/m). IMPORTANT: HydroColor requires the use of an 18% photographers gray card as a reference. Gray cards are widely available at photography shops and online. Visit the supporting website for more information on gray cards.
HydroColor has an easy to use interface that guides users through the collection of three images: a gray card image, a sky image, and a water image. To ensure the best results, HydroColor taps into the iPhone's GPS, gyroscope, and compass to aid users in the collection of these images. After images are collected they can be analyzed immediately. In the analysis of the images, HydroColor calculates the reflectance of the water body in the RGB color channels of the camera. It then uses the reflectance values to determine the turbidity of the water in NTU (nephelometric turbidity units).
The data is instantly saved and can be accessed again via HydroColor or downloaded onto a computer from the documents folder (accessible in iTunes). The text file contains additional information about the measurement including: latitude, longitude, date, time, sun zenith, sun azimuth, phone heading, phone pitch, exposure values, RGB reflectance, and turbidity.
How it works:
HydroColor uses the iPhone camera as simple light sensor (photometer). Relative light intensity can be measured by normalizing the camera pixel values by the exposure. Therefore, the three color channels of the camera (RGB: Red, Green, Blue) provide a measure of light intensity in three regions of the visible spectrum.
The light intensity measured in the water image is corrected for sky reflection off the surface (using the sky image). The corrected water image provides the intensity and color of light emanating from the water. This is normalized by the ambient illumination using the gray card image. The final product is a nearly illumination independent measure of the water's reflectance, known as remote sensing reflectance. In oceanography, satellites are used to calculate the same product (remote sensing reflectance) from space.
The reflectance is directly related to the amount and type of suspended particles in the water. An increase in turbidly (i.e. suspended sediments) will cause greater scattering of light and increase the overall reflectance of the water. Particles containing pigments, such as phytoplankton (algae), will absorb light in specific regions of the visible spectrum. Thus, pigment containing particles can be detected by comparing the relative reflectance in the RGB channels.
The method HydroColor uses to measure reflectance has been published in the peer-reviewed journal Sensors and is freely available online (note: HydroColor has been updated to use RAW data from the camera sensor since this publication):
Leeuw, T.; Boss, E. The HydroColor App: Above Water Measurements of Remote Sensing Reflectance and Turbidity Using a Smartphone Camera. Sensors 2018, 18, 256. _URL_
Minor change to turbidity calculation to match Leeuw and Boss, 2018
Data Not Collected
The developer does not collect any data from this app.
Privacy practices may vary based on, for example, the features you use or your age. Learn More
- Thomas Leeuw
- 99 MB
- Requires iOS 14.2 or later.
- iPod touch
- Requires iOS 14.2 or later.
- Requires macOS 11.0 or later and a Mac with Apple M1 chip or later.
- Apple Vision
- Requires visionOS 1.0 or later.
- Age Rating
- © 2024 Thomas Leeuw

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Chromebook system requirements
We've revised Chromebook system requirements for Imagine Language & Literacy to specify different requirements for ARM (Samsung and Rockchip) and Intel CPUs. 32-bit ARM CPUs are supported, as are ARM 32-bit operating systems.
These revisions are in text only. Imagine Language & Literacy has supported 32-bit ARM CPUs since the initial release in August 2017.
ARM 64-bit support
While performing benchmarking tests for the Imagine Language & Literacy product on an ARM 64-bit Chromebook, we observed signifiant performance issues. Some of those findings included irregular audio playback, slowness between animations in activities, problematic video playback, various stutters during student recordings, and significantly delayed user input.
At this time 64-bit ARM processors can not be supported due to the poor user experience. We will continue to follow the hardware and software development of these platforms and are open to allowing support for this hardware in the future.


Fixing Duff's Device
While researching for my book, I came across Jeff Greenburg's JavaScript port of Duff's Device, a generic way to unroll loops for optimization. Jeff's original algorithm looks like this:
var iLoopCount = iIterations / 8;
var iTestValue = iIterations % 8;
do {
 switch (iTestValue) {
 case 0: [execute statement];
 case 7: [execute statement];
 case 6: [execute statement];
 case 5: [execute statement];
 case 4: [execute statement];
 case 3: [execute statement];
 case 2: [execute statement];
 case 1: [execute statement];
 }
 iTestValue = 0;
} while (--iLoopCount > 0);
This is, more or less, a direct port from the original C code. The problem is the value of iLoopCount, which will end up as a floating-point value in many situations. Operations involving floating-point numbers are more expensive than those using integers, so this isn't optimal. To fix this, you can use Math.ceil() to convert the result into an integer:
var iLoopCount = Math.ceil(iIterations / 8);
Remember, the purpose of Duff's Device is to speed up loop operations, so every little bit helps.
Understanding JavaScript Promises E-book Cover
Demystify JavaScript promises with the e-book that explains not just concepts, but also real-world uses of promises.
Download the Free E-book!
The community edition of Understanding JavaScript Promises is a free download that arrives in minutes.


text:
A path created with the Pen tool does not become an image element until you stroke or fill it. The Fill Path command fills a path with pixels using a specified color, a state of the image, a pattern, or a fill layer.
Fill a path using the current Fill Path settings
1. Select the path in the Paths panel.
2. Click the Fill Path button at the bottom of the Paths panel.
or you can
Fill a path and specify options
- Select the path in the Paths panel.
Fill the path:
(Windows) or Option-click (Mac OS) the Fill Path button at the
bottom of the Paths panel.
Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) the path to the Fill Path
Choose Fill Path from the Paths panel menu. If the selected path is
a path component, this command changes to Fill Subpath.
For Use, choose the contents for the fill.
- Specify an opacity for the fill. To make the fill
more transparent, use a low percentage. A setting of 100% makes the
Choose a blending mode for the fill. The Mode list includes a Clear mode that lets you
erase to transparency. You must be working in a layer other than the
background to use this option.
Choose Preserve Transparency to limit the fill to layer areas that
Select a Rendering option:
Feather Radius: Defines how far inside and outside the selection
border the feather edge extends. Enter a value in pixels.
Anti-aliased: Creates a finer transition between the pixels in the
selection and the surrounding pixels by partially filling the edge
pixels of the selection.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Section 3. Research Positions
There were 299 respondents who worked full time in research positions in the 1997 Salary Survey. Activities associated with research positions include basic or applied research, such as non-faculty positions in academic settings, employment as an investigator in a laboratory or a research institute, and research positions in private industry.
Most of the respondents were employed in university research centers (17%). This was followed by private research organizations (15%) and combined medical school settings (13%). Government research organizations claimed 12% of the researchers, while 6% were within both university psychology departments and other nonprofit organizations. Veteran's Administration (VA) hospitals housed 4% of the researchers.
The summary statistics and frequency distributions for research positions are presented in Figure 3. Summary statistics for 11-12-month salaries by years of work experience and employment setting are presented in Table 3.
The most frequently reported subfields were clinical (23%), social/personality (13%), experimental and industrial/organizational at 7% each, developmental, cognitive, and quantitative/mathematics/psychometrics/statistics at 6% each, and educational (4%).
The overall median 11-12-month salary for doctoral-level respondents in research positions was $50,000.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


update defaults configured on individual Column objects, i.e. those described at Column INSERT/UPDATE Defaults including those configured by the Column.default, Column.onupdate, Column.server_default and Column.server_onupdate parameters, will continue to function normally even if those Column objects are not mapped. This is because in the case of Column.default and Column.onupdate, the Column object is still present on the underlying Table, thus allowing the default functions to take place when the ORM emits an INSERT or UPDATE, and in the case of Column.server_default and Column.server_onupdate, the relational database itself emits these defaults as a server side behavior.
Previous: Mapping Columns and Expressions Next: SQL Expressions as Mapped Attributes


text:
The harsh summer conditions are putting stress on mature trees in North Texas.
Climate change is here, and it's already affecting Texans
Volunteers from the Branching Out program helped planted 50 trees in six parks over the last two months.
A Fort Worth-based researcher talks about the 10-year plan to document the DNA code of all green plants.
An encounter with a frozen butterfly leads to query about effects of weather extremes.
Federal agencies that manage national parks said Texas overestimated the cost of new emission regulations.
The Urban Forest Master Plan was adopted earlier this month.
Rita Beving of Public Citizen says SB 1261 aims to stop cities' efforts to reduce greenhouse gases.
Some evergreens may have dropped leaves but they should recover.
The caucus aims to start a conversation on how Texas can prepare for climate change and transition to cleaner energy sources.


text:
The continuing success of the Hunter Education Program demonstrates the impact of these volunteer efforts. Hunting-related incidents in New Hampshire have decreased from more than 24 per year when the program started in the 1960s to an average of about four per year in the current decade
-- a remarkable figure in light of the fact that about 78,000 people hunt in the state each year.
The number of lost hunters has also dramatically decreased as a result of the program. As recently as the early 1980s, nearly 30 hunters a year became lost or disoriented and required a costly search to be rescued. Thanks in large part to the emphasis on orienteering taught in hunter education, the number of lost hunters requiring a search and rescue mission has averaged just over four per year for the last five years


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I know that 2 is a residue of primes of the form $8n+1$ and $8n+7$ and so on. I want to find a purely group theoretic or field theoretic proof of these statements.
For example, for 8n+1, the multiplicative group is of the order of 8 and so there exists an element of order 8, j. Then $(j + 1/j)^2 = 2$. Similarly for $8n+5$, there is an element of order 4, $i$ and if 2 had a residue, we could construct j such that $j^2 = i$ and therefore there is an element of order 8 which is impossible.
What I am not getting stuck on is finding something that differentiates a field of the order $8n+7$ from something of the form $8n+3$. This is how I proved the last 2 cases(there either exists or does not exist something of order 8).
share|improve this question
Is that a homework? – Mark Sapir May 31 '13 at 7:38
Voted to close. – Mark Sapir May 31 '13 at 8:59
The title asks about $-2$, the body doesn't. Anyway, voting to migrate to m.se – Gerry Myerson Jul 19 '13 at 0:26
add comment
migrated from mathoverflow.net Jul 19 '13 at 2:25
This question came from our site for professional mathematicians.
1 Answer
I'm not sure that this is what you want, but I'll try anyway.
If $p$ is an odd prime, then $8\mid p^2-1$, so when $p\not\equiv1\pmod8$ we have the element $j$ in the extension field $\mathbb{F}_{p^2}$. The zeros of the eighth cyclotomic polynomial are $$ \phi_8(x)=x^4+1=(x-j)(x-j^3)(x-j^5)(x-j^7)=(x-j)(x-j^3)(x+j)(x+j^3). $$
We can say something extra about the minimal polynomial of $j$ over the prime field in these cases. This is because by the Galois theory of finite fields the other zero is the Frobenius conjugate $j^p$. So if $p\equiv 3\pmod 8$, then the minimal polynomial of $j$ is $$m(x)=(x-j)(x-j^3)=x^2-ax-j^4=x^2-ax-1.$$ The other factor of $\phi_8(x)$ modulo $p$ is then $m(-x)=x^2+ax+1$. Vanishing of the quadratic term $-2-a^2$ of $m(x)m(-x)$ implies that $a^2=-2$. But here $a=j+j^3=j-1/j$, so in this case you have $(j-1/j)^2=-2$.
On the other hand, if $p\equiv7\pmod8$, then $$m(x)=(x-j)(x-j^p)=(x-j)(x-j^7)=x^2+bx+j^8=x^2+bx+1.$$ Again the other factor is $m(-x)$, and we similarly see that $b^2=2$. This time you get $b=(j+j^7)=(j+1/j)$, and $(j+1/j)^2=2$.
Note that in both cases $j\pm 1/j$ is the trace of $j$, so an element of the prime field.
share|improve this answer
I agree that this might fit Math.SE better. – Jyrki Lahtonen Jul 18 '13 at 13:14
add comment
Your Answer


Integer overflow in the format string functionality (Perl_sv_vcatpvfn) in Perl 5.9.2 and 5.8.6 Perl allows attackers to overwrite arbitrary memory and possibly execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers with large values, which causes an integer wrap and leads to a buffer overflow, as demonstrated using format string vulnerabilities in Perl applications. (CVSS:4.6) (Last Update:2011-10-11)


Can Sea Turtles Breathe Underwater?
Can Sea Turtles Breathe Underwater? Sea turtles cannot breathe underwater and need to come to the surface for air. They can hold their breath underwater for as long as 4-7 hours if they are resting or sleeping.
How do sea turtles hold their breath for so long? seeking jellyfish for prey. Since they are cold-blooded, sea turtles have a slow metabolic rate. This slowed metabolism allows them to stay submerged for long periods of time. The hibernating turtles breathe without surfacing by absorbing dissolved oxygen through their skin and cloaca.
Can you drown a turtle? Yes, absolutely. Although turtles can remain underwater for long periods of time, they cannot breathe underwater. Under the right circumstances, turtles can drown.
How long can sea turtles sleep underwater without taking a breath? Sea turtles can hold their breath for several hours, depending on their level of activity. If they are sleeping, they can remain underwater for several hours. In cold water during winter, when they are effectively hibernating, they can hold their breath for up to 7 hours. This involves very little movement.
You Might Also Like: How Long Can Baby Turtles Stay Out Of Water?
Can Sea Turtles Breathe Underwater – Related Questions
How do sea turtles breathe air?
Just like other reptiles, sea turtles have lungs. They have a slightly different structure than mammalian lungs, but work just as well when it comes to exchanging gases (oxygen and carbondioxide). The lungs are located right under the carapace and the vertebral column.
Do turtles poop out of their mouths?
Can turtles poop out of their mouths
What animal can hold breath for 6 days?
Why do turtles sleep with their head out?
If you notice your pet turtle sleeping with its limbs out, it's generally nothing to worry about and simply indicates that your turtle is attempting to absorb heat. The most important thing is to maintain a temperature of 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit within your pet's aquarium, and to monitor the oxygen level carefully.
Why do turtles scream?
The sound is caused from the turtle blowing the air out of its lungs so it has room inside the shell for the head and neck. If something startles the turtle and he moves the head in quickly, they all make this sound. They can also make this sound when they try to pee or poop.
Should you cut your turtle's nails?
In fact, at most you only need to trim the turtle's nails twice per year. Most turtle owners trim their turtles' nails just once a year. If the turtle's nails/claws are overgrown, it's easy to notice. Apart from trimming the nails, you might as well consider trimming the beak in addition, if you have a tortoise.
You Might Also Like: How Big Do Peacock Slider Turtles Get?
Which animal can hold its breath the longest?
sea turtles
Can a baby turtle drown?
Yes, baby turtles can drown, just like adult turtles. The chances of baby turtles drowning are a little more than that of adult turtles because of their weak bodies and inexperience. The primary reason for baby turtles to drown is the basking dock. Also, baby turtles can drown if you have a large tank with deep water.
Do sea turtles yawn underwater?
How long can a sea turtle stay out of water?
Do sea turtles bite?
You Might Also Like: Do Sea Turtles Get Stung By Jellyfish?
How long can a sea turtle live?
What animal poops out of mouth?
Can turtle pee kill you?
Do turtles fart?
Tortoises and turtles do fart! Farts can range in size and sound just like humans. They will probably not be as loud but they can be just as pungent. The tortoises' diet contributes to their farts as well as the amount of gas build-up they experience during the day.
What animal can hold its breath for 40 minutes?
Sloths don't do well on the ground, as their weak hind legs mean they have to pull themselves along. However, their strong long arms make them excellent swimmers. They can even hold their breath for up to 40 minutes!
Which animal can stay underwater for 30 minutes?
Head-lice are quite pesky little pests and have extremely small lungs. However they can hold their breath underwater for an amazing THIRTY MINUTES.


text:
This Tester is used to expose aircraft interior cabin materials to an incident radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m2.This will determine if the material complies with FAR 25.853[a-1] requirements.
The OSU heat release rate tester approved by FAA of the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States was originally designed by Smith of Ohio State University in 1972, and later became a FAA designated combustion test instrument for testing the heat release rate of Aeronautical materials. The test standards are FAR Part 25 Appendix F Part IV, Airbus AITM 2.00. 06, Boeing BSS 7322.
FAR Part 25 Appendix F Part IV Test Method to Determine the Heat Release Rate from Cabin Materials Exposed to Radiant Heat.
FAA Aircraft Materials Fire Test Handbook, Chapter 5;
BSS 7322 Ohio State University Calorimeter Heat Release, Determination of BOEING SPECIFICATION SUPPORT STANDARD.
AITM 2.0006 Airbus Test Method Determination of Heat Release and Heat Release Rate of Aircraft Material.
ASTM E906 Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products.
Ⅱ. (Configurations of Goods)
A. Main Unit
1. OSU Main unit (1set)
2. Air Distribution System (1set)
1. Control unit (1set)
2. Computer system (1set)
A. Main Unit
1. OSU Main unit (1set)
1) Apparatus Dimensions: 760mm (W) x 1850mm x (H) x 850mm (D)
2) Test chamber
- The radiant heat source and ensure that the heat flux density is 35±0.5kW/m2
- This will determine if the material complies with FAR 25.853 requirements
- Four silicon carbide elements Type LL 508mm by 16mm with nominal resistance 1.4 Ohms as a heat source with corrosion resistant stainless steel housing
- A reflector made from stainless steel is situated behind the elements
- In front of the elements, a truncated diamond shaped mask, constructed of stainless steel, this provides uniform heat flux density over the area occupied by the 151 × 151mm vertical sample
- Dual 110VAC transformers at 5.5kVA are provided for separate control of the upper and lower element pairs
- Wand Assembly for lighting the upper pilot and calibration burners
- Dual global power controllers for ease of heat flux uniformity adjustment
- Upper pilot and lower pilot (with spark ignition) and calibration methane gas burners
- Thermopile for heat release rate measurement, with five hot thermocouple junctions in the chimney and five cold thermocouple junctions in the air chamber
3) Specimen holders (1set)
- Two specimen holders
- Each specimen holder is fabricated from stainless steel
2. Air distribution system(1set)
- Air temperature to be 21-24℃
- Air at a flowrate of 0.043m3/sec or more
- square-edged circular plate orifice 0.5±0.1mm
- located in a circular pipe with a diameter of 38±1mm
- The air supply manifold at the base of the pyramidal section shall have 48 evenly space holes
1. Control unit(1set)
- Calibration flow rate control
- Lower burner ignition
- Calibration heat flux : calibration heat fluxmeter are two water cooled heat flux sensors are supplied to measure heat flux density at the center and each corner
2. Computer system(1set)
- CPU: Pentium 4 3.0 GHz or more
- RAM: 512MB or more
- HDD: 80GB or more
- Monitor: 17"LCD or more
- Printer: Laser Jet
- Software: Windows XP or more
IV Performance characteristics:
1.Stainless steel combustion test chamber with high temperature glass observation window;
2. The heat radiation source is 4 Glowbars heating rods, which can provide 35KW/M2 heat radiation flux.
3. Two independent PID temperature controllers are used for heating temperature control.
4. Equipped with fully automatic pneumatic sample propulsion device and shielding door device;
5. Equipped with upper burner and movable lower burner;
6. Rotor flowmeter can be used to adjust the gas flow rate of upper and lower burners.
7. Equipped with movable T-type calibration burner device and flow controller;
8. Mass flow controller is applied to thermopile temperature calibration automatically.
9. Water-cooled heat flow meter is equipped with cooling mode to measure the heat radiation flux of the fire surface.
10. The air temperature control device can provide constant temperature and flow air for the test chamber.
11. The orifice flowmeter is used to measure the flow pressure entering the test bin.
12. Equipped with data acquisition system and heat release standard test software.
1. Warranty: one year
2. Installation and training by the engineer
3. Manuals and software manual
4. Utility: to be provided by the end-user
2.1 Indoor installation, size 760mm*1850mm*850mm
2.2 Power supply: 220V60A;
2.3 Gas: methane, purity 99% or above;
2.4 Auxiliary gas: constant temperature and constant flow gas;
Please click the below link to review the video showing how to install the specimen
How to install the sample pusher
What is heat release rate?
Heat Release Rate (HRR) is the rate at which fire releases energy - this is also known as power. HRR is measured in units of Watts (W), which is an International System unit equal to one Joule per second


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.
How long do soap nuts last?
The dried soap nuts wil last until you use them all. They have an indefinite shelf life since they are simply the dried shell of a fruit. The 18x concentrated formula has a 2 year shelf life.
Can soap nuts be used in my high efficiency (HE) or front load washer?
Yes. Because they are low sudsing they work very well in these washers. You may use 4 or 5 soap nuts in the wash bag or you can use 3 or 4 tablespoons of home-made soap nuts liquid in the detergent drawer. We also offer Extreme 18X, which is a highlyconcentrated soap nuts solution. You will only need 1/2 teaspoon of this concentrate per load of laundry.
What happens if someone drinks the soapnut liquid or swallows a soap berry?
Don't worry. Soap nuts are non-toxic unless you are a fish. Saponin has been used in highly-concentrated doses to kill fish. The saponin flows through the gills of the fish and enter directly into the blood stream. The only problem you may encounter is a possible stomach ache - your insides will receive a slight cleansing!
Are soap nuts safe for those with sensitive skin?
Absolutely! Soap nuts are highly recommended for those with allergies or sensitive skin. They are 100% natural, free of synthetic chemicals and are hypoallergenic. Soap nuts are wonderful for use by those who are sensitive to the dyes, perfumes and chemicals used in most commercial detergents and cleansers. Most people who are irritated by such commercial products find soap nuts to be their ideal solution.
What other uses are there for Soap Nuts?
Soap nuts are superb for not only laundry, but can replace many cleaning products in the average home. From dishes to fine silks, soap nuts provide a natural effective solution. Saponin, the active ingredient in soap nuts, is a highly effective alternative to many common yet toxic cleaning chemicals. This includes cleansers for household and personal hygiene. The known cleaning properties are wide and diverse. Being so gentle, saponins are even excellent for shampoos and many other personal care products. Finally there is a good cleanser that will not leave your hands rough, dry and scaly!
Are Soap Nuts good for pets?
YES! Many people use soap nuts liquids for bathing their pets. The odor reducing properties of the soap nuts make for a remarkably effective pet shampoo.
Are soap nuts good for washing cloth diapers?
Absolutely! Commercial detergents and soaps contain chemicals that build up in cloth diapers. Not only do these chemicals break down the fibers of the material causing it to loose absorbency, but can also be irritating to your baby's skin. In addition, soap nuts are very effective at removing odors!
I see very little suds when washing with soap nuts, are they cleaning my clothes?
Yes. Suds should not be equated to cleaning power. We have been brainwashed to think this way through decades of marketing. The foaming you see with most detergents is because of the chemicals and fillers used. Soap nuts produce very little suds, but they are still working very effectively. Your clothes will come out of the wash clean and fresh.
Does it matter that some of the soap nuts are pieces instead of whole?
No. In order to properly inspect and sort to ensure the quality of your soap nuts, all very small pieces are removed. The select grade of soap nuts we offer is composed of whole nut shells and large pieces. Since agitation is a catalyst in releasing the saponin, small pieces will work fine and possibly even release the saponin faster. Do not hesitate to break up the soap nuts into smaller pieces if desired, or be concerned if they are broken up while handling. Soap nuts can be even ground into fine powder.
Soap nuts have a vinegar-like scent. Will my laundry have this scent?
Amazingly, the scent of the soap nuts does not transfer to your clothing! clothes come out of the wash smelling totally fresh and clean. There is not even a trace scent of the soap nut itself. A pure soap nuts liquid will also have an unpleasant scent but it will not transfer to your laundry either. Nor will it leave a scent after other cleaning uses. If you prefer a scent, you can simply add a few drops of an essential oil of your choice to a damp wash cloth and drop it in the dryer. The scent of the oil will remain.
I use bleach in my whites. Are soap nuts a substitute for bleach?
No. If you desire to bleach your whites, adding your bleach of choice will not affect the cleaning power of the soap nuts. If you are used to using bleach, you may want to try a load without it just to see if you will still need it. We sometimes use bleach, but many times we do not.
If the soap nuts stay in the wash through the rinse cycle, don't they keep releasing soap?
No, not as long as you are using cold water in the rinse cycle. Soap nuts release very little saponin during the rinse cycle. This is why it is best to pre-soften soap nuts in warm water, use a cup of soap nuts liquid, or soap nuts powder if you want to wash in cold water.
Can you dry the soap nuts with the clothes?
Yes you can. Throwing in the wash bag with the soapberries in it will not harm the clothes at all. Sometimes we can't find the bag in the clothes when we are putting them in the dryer so it will end up in with the clothes on accident. This does not hurt the soap nuts at all.
Do I use soap nuts in addition to my regular detergent?
No, soap nuts do a great job of cleaning your laundry by themselves. They are a natural laundry detergent and alternative to detergents containing chemicals. Use of them with a chemical detergent would be negating their primary purpose and benefit.
Should I use a fabric softener or dryer sheets anymore?
Normally there is no need, hence only if or when you feel the need. Soap nuts naturally soften your laundry and reduce static. We highly recommend using no additives at all. Due to certain combinations of fabrics and environmental conditions, sometimes additives may be desired, but the need will be dramatically reduced.
I'm allergic to nuts. Can I use soap nuts?
Yes! Soap nuts are actually a dried fruit (not a nut) related to the lychee. Do not let nut allergies keep you from using soap nuts, soap nut powder, or soap nut liquid.
Is there anything that I should concern myself with in using Soap Nuts?
As with a chemical cleanser, the only thing that we highly recommend is that soap nuts (in all forms) should be kept out of reach of children and pets. Soap nuts are not consumable and can be harmful if ingested. Given their date-like appearance in raw shell form, a bag of soap nuts could look like food to a child or pet. Given their absolutely horrible taste, it is quite unlikely that any child or even a pet would not literally gag at the taste, but we simply recommend using good judgment and common sense in the storage of them.


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It is often very difficult to determine the cause of a whale stranding, however, there are several plausible explanations for at least some of the whale strandings that occur:
- Faulty navigation: many of the whales that are found stranded normally live in the open ocean and are not experienced at navigating in the shallower waters of the coastline. Ocean-dwelling whales often use sonar to navigate but they may receive confusing signals near the coastline, especially if they encounter gently sloping beaches. There is also some evidence that naval sonar may also interfere with whale navigation.
- Disease: many stranded whales have been found to be suffering from severe or terminal disease.
- Pursuit of prey: whales that pursue their prey close to the shoreline may become trapped in shallow waters by receding tides.
- Assisting other animals in the group: many whale species live in complex social groups. It is thought that some mass strandings occur when one member of the group has become stranded and the others have responded to its distress signals.


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Requirements for auto insurance will vary from state to state, but they all have one thing in common: they all have requirements.
Colorado is not a "no-fault" state and does not have any laws mandating that you have this kind of coverage. Typically, the driver at fault is responsible for paying the damages they inflict on others when they cause an accident. Most prominently this includes medical expenses, though it can also include lost wages, pain and suffering, as well as other damages.
They do, however, require liability insurance with limits of 25/50/15. This means that each person will be covered up to $25,000 with a maximum of $50,000 per accident. It also has a $15,000 allotment for property damages. However, this insurance covers others, not you. Compare Colorado Car Insurance Rates – Save 40% or More!
Personal Injury Protection
Personal Injury Protection, as its name suggests, is a form of liability insurance that protects you, the policyholder. It insures you regardless of who is at fault in an accident, so states that require this form of coverage are called "no-fault states". This type of coverage can help accident victims pay for medical expenses, lost wages, and other potential damages as well.What Affects Your Auto Insurance Rates in Colorado?
Colorado Teen Auto Insurance – Driving Rules, Requirements & Drivers License
Colorado has implemented a GDL System, which stands for Graduated Driver Licensing. What this means is that they start new drivers off with certain privileges, and they get more as time passes. This is meant to reduce the amount of accidents caused by inexperienced teens. The GDL is for drivers at least 15 years old.
In order to get an instruction permit teens need to:
- Be at least 15 years old
- Finish 6 hours worth of driving training
- Enroll in a state-approved driver's ed. Course
- 15 year olds need to complete a 4-hour course in driver awareness
- 16 year olds can forego the above driver's ed program
- Teens under 18 years of age need written parental consent before they can get an instruction permit
In order for teenagers to get a driver's license with Colorado:
- Teens need to have and maintain a clean driving history
- Have an instruction permit for a minimum of one year
- Have a minimum of 50 hours supervised driving practice (10 hours of which need to be during nighttime)
In order for anyone else to get a driver's license in Colorado, they may need to provide the following documentation:
- Social Security Card
- Birth Certificate
- Proof of Citizen Ship
- VA Photo ID
- Military ID
- Colorado Dept. of Corrections or Federal Bureau of Prisons ID
The following are restrictions for drivers under 18:
- Limited to one passenger in the front seat.
- Must have had their license for 1 year before they can carry more than 1 passenger under age 21
- Cannot have any passengers under 21 with less than 6 months experience
- Curfew (Driving is prohibited between the hours of 12 AM and 5 AM unless they have maintained their license for at least one year)
If the driver is an emancipated adult: They can drive within the above time frame if going to:
– To and from school
Violations of these rules may result in: community service, fines, license suspension, points, and potential loss of ability to insure a car. Find cheapest auto insurance rates, simply enter your zip code in the search box above.Colorado State Facts
The official Colorado website
Colorado DORA Dept of Insurance


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Date: August 2007
Creator: Sarasti, Israel A.
Description: Reciprocal teaching comprehension-monitoring is a reading comprehension instructional procedure that combines four instructional strategies: predicting, summarizing, questioning, and clarifying to enhance students' comprehension of text. The procedure is a dialogue between the teacher and the students. During reciprocal teaching instruction, the teacher and students take turns leading the dialogue in order to enhance the students' comprehension-monitoring skills. The research on reciprocal teaching has included meta-analyses, group designs, qualitative designs, and single-subject research designs. These studies have identified gaps in the literature to include the measurement of treatment fidelity and treatment acceptability, as well as the psychometric properties of the instruments used to measure daily reading comprehension growth. These gaps were investigated in this study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reciprocal teaching comprehension-monitoring with a group of fifteen 3rd grade students reading at grade level. Specifically, this study investigated the use of curriculum-based measurement maze probes (CBM-maze probes) to formatively assess the reading comprehension growth of the students. Additionally, this study implemented treatment integrity procedures and investigated the acceptability of reciprocal teaching and the CBM-maze probes through a treatment acceptability rating scale. A multiple baseline across groups with three phases (baseline, intervention, follow-up) was employed....
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


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Tracing Math's Evolution
Print this page, and use it to help you complete the lesson.
Your group will choose one of the mathematicians you researched and develop a presentation about him/her. You will share your presentation with the rest of the class.
Decide on jobs for each member of your group. All of you should be involved in both preparation and presentation.
In your presentation, try to answer following questions:
- Where was this mathematician born?
- What was his/her date of birth?
- Where was he/she educated?
- What was his/her contribution to mathematics?
- Why is this an important contribution?
- Do you know why he/she chose his/her career?
- Do you know if he/she made his/her living from mathematics?
- Was he/she famous during his/her lifetime?
- Where and when did he/she die?
- What impresses you most about this mathematician?
Did your mathematician invent anything that is used today?
Was his/her work used in other inventions?
If you can find any objects or pictures of objects that are related to your mathematician's work or life, use them as part of your presentation.


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A mechanism of samplers and sample playback synths in which, when a given note is played, the actual sample that sounds depends not only on the note played but also the velocity. Depending on the capabilities of the sampler, as an example, it might divide the range of possible velocities into four bands, and choose a sample to play based on which band the velocity value falls into.
Velocity switching is most often used in imitative synthesis to more accurately reproduce the sounds of accoustic instruments whose tonality varies depending on how hard or loudly they are played. By sampling the instrument at several volume levels, and then mapping each sample to an appropriate band of velocity values, the sample can realistically reproduce the sound of the instrument at different playing volumes. Compare to multisampling.


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Devitrified Sentence Examples
Browse other sentence examples
Often this felsitic devitrified glass is so fine-grained that its constituents cannot be directly determined even with the aid of the microscope, but chemical analysis leaves little doubt as to the real nature cf the minerals which have been formed.
In the same way artificial glass can be devitrified if it be kept at a temperature slightly below the fusing point for some days.
In this way is produced the crystalline, devitrified material, known as Reaumur's porcelain.


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Difference Between Now and Know
Now vs Know
In its most basic sense, the words "now" and "know" shouldn't be confused with each other as "now" denotes time while "know" pertains to a sense of understanding or having knowledge. By this it means that having known or knowing something signifies that you have internalized some information inside your head. Like when you ask, "What is happening now?" you are asking about the current activity at the present time. In another question, "Do you know of someone by the name of…" it seeks (from the one being asked) some knowledge or understanding about the question.
"Now" can serve multiple roles as an adverb, conjunction, adjective, and noun. As an adverb, it pertains to the current time (excludes everything in the future and in the past). Another adverb role of "now" is in the sentence, "Let's answer the exam now!" wherein there is some sense of urgency in the action which must be done at once. If you use "now" like this, "We can't do anything now." the message implied is more in the present situation rather than in the present time. The word "now" can also be used along with some time indicators in a single sentence like "…for ten days now." which implies that an action or event has been occurring for some time already up to the present. "Now" can be a preface word for statements or remarks that warrant somebody else's attention, "Now what will you do?" In addition, the word "now" also has an informal use when you are somewhat hesitating like in the sentence, "Now where were we?"
With regard to its other functions, "now" can also serve as a conjunction similar to the word "since" as in the sentence "He can buy an expensive smartphone now that he has a good-paying job." As a noun, the word "now" shares the same meaning or definition when it is used as an adverb to denote time. In the example, "Now is the perfect opportunity to confess my feelings to her." The word "now" has become the subject and, therefore, the noun of the sentence while retaining the same meaning of current time. As an adjective, "now" can be used like this, "The now look in womenswear fascinates fashion experts." This informal usage of "now" describes the word "look" and means "the latest fashion trend."
By contrast, the word "know" is mostly used as a verb either in its transitive or intransitive forms like, "I know he can make it!" In this example, there is that firm belief or conviction that something will really take place. In another example, "I know all about the elements in the periodic table." This would mean that the knowledge is firmly secured in the mind or, at least, attached to the memory.
1."Now" denotes the time at present while "know" pertains to a sense of understanding about particular information or subject matter.
2."Now" can also be used informally as an adjective and as an adverb when hesitating.
3.As an adverb, "now" can indicate a sense of urgency and grabs somebody else's attention when prefaced in a sentence.
4."Know" is mostly used as a verb.
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Directed acyclic word graph
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In computer science, a directed acyclic word graph (DAWG) is a data structure that represents the set of all substrings of a string. As its name implies, a DAWG takes the form of a directed acyclic graph; it can also be viewed as a deterministic finite automaton, and is similar in structure to suffix trees. DAWG have applications in approximate string matching.[1]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Navarro, Gonzalo (2001). "A guided tour to approximate string matching" (PDF). ACM Computing Surveys 33 (1): 31–88. doi:10.1145/375360.375365.


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- 1935 - 1998
Fonds consists primarily of material related to Rush's activities as a leader of the CCP, political activist and writer in Vancouver from 1935 to 1996. There is also a personal/biographical series of records which detail the events of Rush's life. Other textual series in this fonds contain drafts of Rush's writings and public speeches, his correspondence, his reports and speeches to party conventions, and his published materials. There is a photographs series which details Rush's various editorial political trips to socialist countries during the Cold War. The memorabilia series also contains material related to Rush's trips abroad. There are pins, medals and commemorative coins from China, Vietnam and the Soviet Union. Finally, an audiocassette series contains recordings of some of Rush's speeches during the 1970s and 1980s.
Rush, Maurice, 1915-


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A decision-support modelling toolset for anthrax infection and treatment
The aim of this PhD project is to develop an anthrax modelling toolset, which can be used to inform hazard assessment, operational analysis and medical counter-measure studies.
The toolset will consist of two principal modules:
1) Human infection module: a within-host mechanistic model of the infection process of anthrax within humans will be developed (bacterial growth and toxin production). This module will predict the probability of infection and the time to symptoms for an individual exposed to a given dose of anthrax. Published data from animal models (primarily primate) will be leveraged, together with available human clinical case data.
2) Medical treatment module: a within-host mechanistic model of the effect of a range of treatments (e.g., different varieties of antibiotic) will be developed, allowing different dosing strategies to be tested. Published pharmacokinetic data will be leveraged in model development.
These two modules will be integrated to provide a tool that can be used to predict the consequences of a deliberate aerosol release of anthrax, and to investigate optimal treatment strategies in both military and civilian contexts. The toolset will allow different medical countermeasures to be tested in silico and will also allow alternative scenarios, such as antibiotic resistance, to be explored.


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Miscellaneous changes to java.net worth mentioning:
Noteworthy bug fixes:
A bug existed in JDK1.0.2 where one could not create an InetAddress
out of a IP address String (e.g., "22.214.171.124") if a corresponding
host name (e.g., "java.sun.com") could not be found. This resulted in
an UnknownHostException. The bug is fixed in JDK1.1. Additionally,
when an InetAddress is created from an IP address, the corresponding hostname
is not looked up until specifically requested (via InetAddress.getHostName()),
as a performance enhancement.
- ServerSocket/DatagramSocket close()
A bug existed in JDK1.0.2 where the
close() method of ServerSocket
and DatagramSocket were
synchronized. The result was that if one thread
were blocked indefinitely in DatagramSocket.receive() or ServerSocket.accept(),
another thread couldn't break the blocking thread out by calling close(). This
is fixed in JDK1.1 by making the close() methods unsynchronized.
There was a bug in JDK1.0.2 where the methods on URLConnection:
etc, did not work. These are fixed in JDK1.1.
Binding to local port/address:
- Socket, ServerSocket, DatagramSocket
These classes has overloaded constructors for binding to a specific
local address and port. This is useful and necessary for applications
like proxy servers that operate on multi-homed machines, and need
particular control over which network interfaces are used.
- The MulticastSocket class was moved from package sun.net into the core
API of java.net.
- JDK1.1 introduces a new class, HttpURLConnection which extends
URLConnection, and provides additional functionality specific to
- Ability to use all of the request methods with HTTP/1.1, like:
- Control over whether to follow HTTP redirects.
Last modified: Thu Dec 5 15:09:54 PST


Plantas Sagradas
Plantas Sagradas
Regular price $80.00
Handmade bracelet handmade by the Kamentsa tribe of the Colombian Amazon.
The Kamentsa are a deeply spiritual people, and still inhabit their ancestral territory of the Sibundoy Valley in what is known as Alto Putumayo, along the Western fringe of the Colombian Amazon.
Shamanism and "Shamanic Visions" are a deep part of their beliefs and resulting symbolism, which is preserved through their celebrations, music, dances, traditional medicine, and artisan work. Shamans are known as Taitas in the Kamentsa's native language, Kamsa, and the Taita's visionary interpretations are projected into symbolism that represents the tribe's unity with, and dependance upon, the natural world, and to their spiritual Worldviews, or "Cosmovision."
you may also like
This is a culture
"It is indigenous art that my grandmothers taught me and they sent me to do it; I do it with the respect of being in front of an inheritance."
A tool for empowerment
Whether it be a necklace (okama) or an earring, each of these pieces speak to the journey of life and serve to to protect and highlight beauty.
Handcrafts are one of the main resources of survival for these women. Buying one of these pieces directly supports artisans of light and we hope it inspires creativity and connection to this wild, colorful and beautiful planet.


setMatchLevel method
Class: ConfigurationPlatform: EspressoLanguage: Java SDK:
Use this method to set the default match level to be used for subsequent checkpoints in the test.
Syntax
IConfigurationSetter configval = config.setMatchLevel(matchLevel);
Parameters
matchLevel
Type:MatchLevel
Available match level values are: For a description of these match levels and the different ways to apply them to tests, checkpoints, and regions, see Eyes match levels.
Return value
Type: IConfigurationSetter
The value returned is the object that called the method. This allows you to use a fluent style to call the setXXXX methods of the Configuration class.
Remarks
For a full description of the affect of each match levels and the different ways to apply them to tests, checkpoints and regions, How to use Eyes match levels.


5. Control – Tracking
Our tracking resembles a tarot consultation, of course, without the mystical elements, but with predictions supported by a rigorous methodology.
Tracking methodologies are probes that allow us to timely observe changes in perception, voters emotional condition, potential voting behavior and the efficient use of campaign resources.
Tracking methodologies:
1. Electoral tracking
2. Campaign test
3. Balance of resources


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Osgood and Schramm's Circular Model of Communication (1954) was an attempt to rectify the earlier linear models of communication. It can happen within our self (Intra personal communication) or two people (Inter personal communication) each person acts as both sender and receiver and hence use interpretation. It is simultaneously take place e.g. encoding, interpreting and decoding.
Wilbur Schramm (1954) stated "It is misleading to think of the communications process as starting somewhere and ending somewhere. It is really endless. We are little switchboard centers [sic] handling and re-routing the great endless current of information". Therefore, the Circular model is devoted to two actors who reciprocate in identical functions throughout: encoding, decoding, and interpreting. Additionally the model offers some explanation in semantic noise and interpersonal communication and how these might affect the communication process as a whole. The model presented by Osgood and Schramm shows not only the transmission and hearing of a message, but offers explanations in how it can be perceived and understood. The process of understanding what has been said can vary widely from person to person as there will always be a degree of semantic noise to be taken into account, such as cultural differences, background, socioeconomics, education and values. Advantage of OsgoodSchramm model of communication
1. Dynamic modelShows how a situation can change.
2. It shows why redundancy is an essential part.
3. There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same person 4. Assume communication to be circular in nature
Disadvantage of OsgoodSchramm model of communication
This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of encoding and decoding.


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As part of their Extreme Earth topic our p5-7 class have been learning about earthquakes. They were challenged to build strong buildings for 'Jellyton', a town in an area earthquakes are common- then they had to pass the jelly earthquake test!
A beautiful day for Forest Schools! Cooking bread on the fire, balancing and leaf printing. 😊🍂 @ForestSchools
Our Primary 7 learners have enjoyed working on transition activities provided by @alfordacademy this week! 😊
Our learners have been busy with Father's Day cakes, bug hunts and tricky jigsaws this week! 😃
Great to see our pupils learning different skills at home when baking rhubarb crumble and cheese scones, growing onions and carrying out bike maintenance! 🚲🧅😊


How To Install ddpt on Kali Linux
In this tutorial we learn how to install ddpt on Kali Linux. ddpt is Copies disks, partitions and files.
Introduction
In this tutorial we learn how to install ddpt on Kali Linux.
What is ddpt
ddpt is:
Copies files. Is specialized for cases where the source and/or destination is a storage device. Optionally can use a pass-through interface to issue SCSI READ and WRITE commands. Various sparse file and device handling options. Similar to and an extension of the Unix dd command. Also supports two variants of SCSI copy offload: xcopy(LID1) and the disk->disk subset of xcopy(LID4) known as ODX.
There are three methods to install ddpt on Kali Linux. We can use apt-get, apt and aptitude. In the following sections we will describe each method. You can choose one of them.
Install ddpt Using apt-get
Update apt database with apt-get using the following command.
sudo apt-get update
After updating apt database, We can install ddpt using apt-get by running the following command:
sudo apt-get -y install ddpt
Install ddpt Using apt
Update apt database with apt using the following command.
sudo apt update
After updating apt database, We can install ddpt using apt by running the following command:
sudo apt -y install ddpt
Install ddpt Using aptitude
If you want to follow this method, you might need to install aptitude on Kali Linux first since aptitude is usually not installed by default on Kali Linux. Update apt database with aptitude using the following command.
sudo aptitude update
After updating apt database, We can install ddpt using aptitude by running the following command:
sudo aptitude -y install ddpt
How To Uninstall ddpt on Kali Linux
To uninstall only the ddpt package we can use the following command:
sudo apt-get remove ddpt
Uninstall ddpt And Its Dependencies
To uninstall ddpt and its dependencies that are no longer needed by Kali Linux, we can use the command below:
sudo apt-get -y autoremove ddpt
Remove ddpt Configurations and Data
To remove ddpt configuration and data from Kali Linux we can use the following command:
sudo apt-get -y purge ddpt
Remove ddpt configuration, data, and all of its dependencies
We can use the following command to remove ddpt configurations, data and all of its dependencies, we can use the following command:
sudo apt-get -y autoremove --purge ddpt
Dependencies
ddpt have the following dependencies:
References
Summary
In this tutorial we learn how to install ddpt package on Kali Linux using different package management tools: apt, apt-get and aptitude.


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In pages: 698-703, (Editors: NM Amato), IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), September 2011 (inproceedings)
Learning inverse kinematics of robots with redundant degrees of freedom (DoF) is a difficult problem in robot learning. The difficulty lies in the non-uniqueness of the inverse kinematics function. Existing methods tackle non-uniqueness by segmenting the configuration space and building a global solution from local experts. The usage of local experts implies the definition of an oracle, which governs the global consistency of the local models; the definition of this oracle is difficult. We propose an algorithm suitable to learn the inverse kinematics function in a single global model despite its multivalued nature. Inverse kinematics is approximated from examples using structured output learning methods. Unlike most of the existing methods, which estimate inverse kinematics on velocity level, we address the learning of the direct function on position level. This problem is a significantly harder. To support the proposed method, we conducted real world experiments on a tracking control task and tested our algorithms on these models.
Our goal is to understand the principles of Perception, Action and Learning in autonomous systems that successfully interact with complex environments and to use this understanding to design future systems


text:
Sector : Government Organisations
Flow's significant involvement in investigating options for an additional Waitemata Harbour Crossing for the NZ Transport Agency (in partnership with KiwiRail) includes a study to examine the business case for a bridge, or alternatively a tunnel, between the Central Motorway Junction in the city centre and Esmonde Road on the North Shore.
A challenge for assessing options was to understand the effects of an additional crossing.
As part of the wider project team, Flow was responsible for detailed traffic modelling and the assessment of effects. This assessment included the effects of a new crossing on the operation of local road networks, and identifying walking and cycling issues and opportunities.
With regards to potential active transport opportunities, Flow assessed the potential demand for walking and cycling trips in association with the additional crossing. The aim of the assessment was to identify gaps in current and proposed infrastructure to be addressed before the implementation of the third crossing.
Investigations for improved pedestrian and cycling facilities were recommended as a result of the assessment.


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Why CAPA?Don't just learn about another culture. Live another culture.We know that no two students are exactly alike. Consequently, we believe that no two learning abroad experiences should be alike. CAPA International Education's unique approach to international education has made us the trusted global leader in study abroad since 1972. The result is a holistic learning abroad experience that challenges, excites, and inspires students like no other program can. By putting students in charge of creating their own self-selected, self-identifying programs, CAPA delivers a once-in-a-lifetime, rigorous learning abroad experience filled with choices, life experiences, and unforgettable memories. CAPA's strategically designed programs take place in Beijing, Buenos Aires, Dublin, Florence, London, Shanghai, and Sydney. This means that we can shape every aspect of your program to meet your personal needs and ensure your study abroad experience is relevant to your city.CAPA delivers the best in education and experiences in and out of the classroom through a proven educational system called MyEducation, which combines theme-based learning with cultural events connecting the classroom to the local environment.


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Kendrapara: A sharp drop in water level of Luna river has sparked fear of disruption in drinking water supply to Kendrapara town as well as water supply to the farmlands on the river basin, a report said.
Reports said, the river flowing through Kendrapara district has been witnessing continuous decline in water level since December 2021.
Environmentalists and residents attributed the dip in water level to illegal lifting of sand from the riverbed. They fear that illegal sand mining might force the river to change its course which will spell disaster for the residents in future.
Local intellectuals batted for interlinking of rivers in the district as a lasting solution to the problem.
Highlighting the plight, Khitish Kumar Singh of Khadianga in the town said the public health engineering organisation (PHEO) and Water Resources department have jointly established a pump house at Kalapada to lift water from the river and supply it to the households in the town.
However, the riverbed near the pump house went dry in January itself. Later, the two departments constructed a channel on the opposite side to draw the river water to the pump house.
But, the channel too did not last long and has started drying up. Santosh Kumar Panda, a local, said, "Check dams have been constructed on the river at Padagayaspur, Gayaspur, Thauri, Chadheiguan, Rajgad and Angulai to store the river water for agriculture and drinking water purposes."
He feared that a drop in water level might leave 10,000 hectare farmland uncultivated. Former ZP member Ganesh Chandra Samal said Luna river flowing through the district is 73-km long and was used for maritime trade during British rule.
However, the river is now facing the threat of extinction due to illegal sand and soil mining and rampant encroachment. He said the district lacks proper irrigation facilities.
"Over 15, 850 hectare farmlands lack facility to drain out excess water. Similarly, 32,350 hectare farmlands are saline while 34,952 hectare gets submerged during floods," he added.
Moreover, 84,910 hectare farmlands are drought prone due to lack of water supply.
When contacted, executive engineer of irrigation department Prabodh Kumar Rout said that efforts are on and funds have been sanctioned for renovation of Luna river and very soon the residents will reap the benefits.


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The students and teachers of SAI International on a trip to Singapore for the Global Immersion Programme (GIP) started their day with a visit to Sentosa Island, a man-made island built for fun and recreation.
They had a wonderful time visiting the huge aquarium that is home to more than 800 species of marine life including sharks. Students got an opportunity to explore the aquarium's various habitats that mimic underwater life for hundreds of fish, mammals and marine plants in different areas of the planet, from the Red Sea to the Arabian Sea to the South China Sea.
It was followed by a visit to the world's most famous wax attraction, Madam Tussauds. Students clicked photographs with life size replicas of famous personalities from all walks of life.
The exciting Cable Car Ride gave them a great view of the Island Country. They also got to watch a short movie 'The Wings of Time' screened on the Sentosa beach depicting the progress of man over the ages. It was a spectacular display of water, lights, music and fire and as such the most outstanding spectacle of the day. Finally, the team had a quick dinner at Vivo Mall before retiring for the day.


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National Trust reveals blossoming ambitions for city of culture as 'Project Blossom' starts to take root around UK
Coventry is the latest city to confirm plans for a new blossom garden as part of the National Trust and its partners' ambition to create hundreds of blossom spaces in urban areas across England, Wales and Northern Ireland over the next five years, to ensure more people have access to nature and green spaces. The charity and its partners also hope to create a UK-equivalent of Japan's world-famous Hanami (blossom viewing).
The new blossom garden in Charterhouse Heritage Park will mark Coventry's tenure as City of Culture. And, today, the locations and plans for blossom plantings in Newcastle, Nottingham and Plymouth, first announced in February, have also been revealed.
The National Trust has also confirmed 46 new blossom projects which will be planted on the land in its care across the country over the next few months.
Supported by players of People's Postcode Lottery, CJ Wildlife and the National Trust, projects include: creating new orchards at Stourhead in Wiltshire and Antony in Cornwall; the creation of a new edible forest of fruit and nut trees circled with blossoming hedgerows at Clumber Park in Nottinghamshire; a new avenue of flowering cherry trees at Anglesey Abbey in Cambridgeshire; new blossoming trees to encourage people to explore different areas of the estate at Winston Churchill's home, Chartwell in Kent; 750 blossoming trees in the South Lakes to become the next generation of blossom trees in the area; replacing lost trees in the orchard at Crom in Northern Ireland and planting new blossom trees across the Gower and Brecon Beacons in Wales.
All plantings will help towards the Trust's ambitions to plant and establish 20 million trees by 2030 to help in the fight against climate change and to create more homes for nature. They will also help in its aim to help tackle unequal access to green space across Britain and build on the importance given to green spaces and nature during lockdown when thousands found time spent in nature beneficial not just for their physical health but mental wellbeing too.
Hilary McGrady, Director General of the National Trust said: "We've been overwhelmed by the enthusiasm from towns, cities and local communities around the country after our first blossom garden was unveiled in London this year. Bringing more blossom to cities and to National Trust landscapes is an important part of our plans to plant 20 million trees, give more homes to nature and help people connect with nature wherever they are.
"This project goes back to our roots and one of our founders' key desires – to ensure more people have beautiful spaces to enjoy."
In Coventry, the trees will be planted in the newly-created 70 acre Charterhouse Heritage Park. Members of the local community will be asked to share their thoughts on where the blossom garden should be located, its design and uses for the space.
Lucy Reid, National Trust Assistant Director of Operations for the Midlands, said: "We're delighted to be working with Historic Coventry Trust (HCT) to create what will be a special place for local people to spend time, reflect and connect with nature.
"The Charterhouse Heritage Park is a 70-acre site where land is being regenerated by Historic Coventry Trust to provide an important resource for community health and economic wellbeing on the edge of Coventry City Centre. A blossom garden will be a beautiful addition to the park and we hope to inspire and work closely with neighbours to leave a lasting legacy."
Ian Harrabin, Chairman, Historic Coventry Trust, said: "The landscape around Charterhouse has been important to the citizens of Coventry for many years, and the local community have come together to make sure that this space is an oasis for wildlife and people, and an area of calm and tranquillity on the edge of the bustling city.
"Historic Coventry Trust has been working in close partnership with the National Trust at Charterhouse over the last few years, and we are excited to work with them to develop this blossom garden to allow all to escape, refresh and reconnect with nature for many years to come."
In Newcastle, Urban Green Newcastle, working in partnership with the City Council and the Newcastle Gateshead Initiative, will plant 26 ancient varieties of cherry blossom tree, Prunus 'Tai-Haku' trees - at Exhibition Park, an area on the outskirts of the city close to the University and the hospital.
The plans are for a double avenue 'swirl' of blossom trees by the lake with a circular pathway.
Barbara Hooper, Director, Parks & Allotments at Urban Green Newcastle says: "We are delighted to be part of this wonderful initiative, which will allow us to create a beautiful space in the heart of our park which will, we hope, evoke a sense of wellbeing and calm. The location of the blossom circle will provide a real focal point, giving visitors a natural place to stop and take a moment to contemplate and embrace nature."
The sites in Nottingham will be planted at Lenton Recreation Ground, a popular and historic site 30 minutes from the city centre and St Mary's Rest Garden on the edge of the city adjacent to the popular Victoria park.
At Lenton recreation ground, 28 ornamental mature cherry trees will be planted along a new path through the park to give the area a new focal point.
Cllr Rosemary Healey, Lead Councillor for Parks and Open Spaces at Nottingham City Council says: "We hope to create a space for reflection and remembrance following the coronavirus pandemic.
"Our plans will also enable us to explore our wider ambition of tackling inequality in parks and to make them more appealing and safer for more people to enjoy."
Twenty ornamental, semi-mature cherry trees will be planted in an avenue style at St Mary's Rest Garden on the edge of the city centre, adjacent to the much-visited Victoria park.
Cllr Healey continues: "We hope to create a beautiful space for the local community where they can connect to nature.
"We know that trees absorb harmful pollution and can help reduce stress levels. This site based in Nottingham City Centre will create a peaceful sanctuary so that more people can enjoy moments of calm away from busy city life."
The Plymouth site will be located on the coast at Devil's Point, overlooking Plymouth Sound on the south-west coastal footpath which also has local significance due to being the place where families coming to wave off members going to sea on naval operations.
The trees will be planted in a semicircle design and will be used to highlight the blossoming meadows below the waves in the seagrass beds just offshore.
Councillor Patrick Nicholson, Deputy Leader of Plymouth City Council, said: "We are delighted to be a part of the blossom project which will create a people space for hope and reflection as we move forward from the pandemic.
"Our location on the waterfront at Devil's Point is already incredible, with community space to enjoy beautiful views and a host of other activities. That's why it's so great that with the addition of the blossom circle, we'll have a further pull for the area; and the chance to celebrate the beauty of spring and nature year after year."
Funding for the projects in Newcastle, Nottingham and Plymouth has come in part from People's Postcode Lottery.
Laura Chow, Head of Charities said: "We're delighted funding raised by our players is supporting Blossom Together, an important initiative bringing people and communities together through nature spaces in Newcastle, Nottingham and Plymouth.
"It's also fantastic to see and hear more about the creative ideas for projects at various National Trust places across the country – and we're excited to see how these trees start to grow and bloom over the coming years, to bring joy to the many visitors to these places."
For more information on the blossom projects visit _URL_ or to make a donation to the charity's tree planting ambitions visit _URL_
- Ends -
Picture editor's notes:
Images to accompany this story can be found in the link below and should be credited as indicated.


water balance
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
balance
 [bal'ans]
an instrument for weighing.
equilibrium (def. 1).
acid-base balance see acid-base balance.
analytical balance a balance used in the laboratory, sensitive to variations of the order of 0.05 to 0.1 mg.
fluid balance see fluid balance.
negative balance a state in which the amount of water or an electrolyte excreted from the body is greater than that ingested.
nitrogen balance see nitrogen balance.
positive balance a state in which the amount of water or an electrolyte excreted from the body is less than that ingested.
water balance fluid balance.
zero balance a state in which the amount of water or an electrolyte excreted from the body is exactly equal to that ingested; see equilibrium (def. 1).
Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
water balance
A state of equilibrium in which the fluid intake from water and other beverages and foods equals fluid losses in the gastrointestinal tract, urine, sweat and other secretions.
Segen's Medical Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved.
water balance
A state of equilibrium in which the fluid intake from water and other beverages, and foods equals fluid lost in the urine, GI tract, sweat, and other secretions. See Water.
McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
References in periodicals archive ?
where [DELTA]S is the water balance, SF is snowfall rate, RF is rainfall rate, EV is the evapotranspiration, QS is surface run-off and QB means subsurface run-off, conceptually including groundwater run-off But it was shown in (Voss et al., 2013) that the groundwater changes are not taken into consideration properly in land data assimilation models and that TWS berger senses groundwater level variations.
This heterogeneity is directly reflected in changes of evapotranspiration, which, associated with increases in temperature, generate higher atmospheric demand (Lemos Filho et al., 2010) impacting the water balance and agroclimatic zoning.
In the Jinsha River basin, impacts of climate changes and human activities on runoff were analyzed by four quantitative methods, that is, rainfall-runoff relationship, slope variation, double mass curve, and water balance method.
Table 1.Net recharge on the basis of Inflow and outflow factors for water balance
TABLE 2: Average annual hydrologic parameters associated with soil water balance calculations at the control site and eight test sites, 2000-2012
In this sense, the decrease in water balance of cut flowers in association with a lower water uptake and high water loss during vase period.
What is worse is that water can move into a berry through the skin.(3), (4) Thus, the berry water balance is tilted toward increased cracking incidence.
To help fight wrinkles, uneven skin tone and creases that make skin look older, the three-piece range contains the secret ingredient, Polynesian kopara--a highly purified marine extract from the Polynesian island of Moorea.This exopolysaccharide is naturally rich in essential minerals (potassium, sodium, magnesium and cal cium) and helps maintain a healthy skin water balance, while protecting the body from pollutants that lead to aging skin when blended with other ingredients.
The check dam pond water balance indicates the volume of spilled water, potential water to percolate into the soil, and the amount of water to be stored in the pond.


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The current narrative of landscape architecture fails to highlight the significance and impact of diverse identities in the discipline. This session explores the experiences of black landscape architects and the relevant cultural narratives that inform inclusive academic and professional practice.
Learn about black landscape history and barriers to design education.
Highlight gaps in landscape architectural education and foundation as it relates to diverse/ethnic cultures.
Explore black narratives in landscape architectural history and current events.
Identify the importance of multicultural explorations in landscape architectural foundation.


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HTML search and replace in Clojure
In Clojure, data structures are mostly built from a handful of core data structures such as lists, vectors, maps, and sets.
This means that most data structures can leverage all of the generic data transformation and querying functions built for the core data structures instead of having to rebuild the same functionality for each data structure.
This feature in combination with Clojure's rich standard library makes Clojure very attractive for solving data munching problems from other domains.
In this article, I'm going to demonstrate these capabilities for solving HTML transformations using Clojure.
First, I'm going to describe how HTML can be represented in Clojure.
With this representation in mind, I'll demonstrate how we can transform HTML documents in Clojure.
Finally, I'll tie the transformations together with the HTML parsing and formatting to produce a complete solution.


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Are minor sevenths allowed in baroque counterpoint? I ask because in the first measure of Bach's Invention No. 1 the upper voice and lower voice have an interval of a minor seventh (the upper voice plays C while the lower voice plays D).
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2 Answers
_USER_ already answered the question with yes. The particular example you mention goes like:
enter image description here
(2nd half of the first bar).
The d occurs in the lower voice in a rising line of steps in between c and an e; It's on a weak count and as it is a short sixteenth it immediately dissolves into an e which is consonant with the c in the uppoer voice. So this is a simple passing note and its effect is to smoothen the melody line. In this example, the seventh may sound harsh if the tempo is too low and if you deliberately emphasize the counter beat (the second half of the 3rd count); If it does, it probably means you got the tempo and/or the emphasis wrong.
Another typical case where you see minor sevenths (in classsic and in Baroque) is when the seventh actually has the function of the seventh degree in a (major or minor) 7th chord (typically the 5th degree of the scale or dominant 7th chord). This is not such an instance.
In such cases the seventh would typically descend to the third of the chord that lies a fourth above the seventh chord, forming a (semi)cadence.
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They are absolutely allowed and are treated in many different ways. In order to avoid a continuance of asking so many specialized questions, I would urge you to study Johann Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum which is the foundation for counterpoint and studied by all composers.
Also, for future reference, if Bach does it, then it's okay.
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Who waz johan fux – Chris Olszewski May 16 '13 at 17:36
_USER_ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Joseph_Fux – NReilingh May 16 '13 at 18:14
There are even instances where Bach used parallel octaves and fifths intentionally! – ecline6 May 16 '13 at 18:46
_USER_ - You are half correct here. Yes, during his lifetime he was actually more famous as an organist, and it is true that after his death, he was almost immediately forgotten for a few decades before being rediscovered. At his teacher's instruction, Mendelssohn began studying Bach's works and began championing them, which made them more accessible to the public, whereas before Bach was more of a musician's composer. Bach's music is widely, widely regarded has being the pinnacle of all Baroque style and forms. We would be doing ourselves a disservice to look to anyone else. – jjmusicnotes Jun 2 '13 at 16:31
English translation of the book by Fux referred to by _USER_ can be found over here: _URL_.pdf If you want to go through it, I'd suggest to also get this worksheet with commentary, as it explains some of the apparent contradictions in Fux' work. tc.umn.edu/~ston0235/pdf/fux_workbook_0.1.pdfb – Roland Bouman Dec 28 '13 at 2:43
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Objectives: In elderly individuals, little is known about changes in different anthropometric measures with respect to mortality. We examined the association between changes in eight anthropometric measures and mortality in an elderly population. Design: Longitudinal study including baseline measurements in _PHONE_ and repeated measures in 1993. Setting: European towns. Participants: A total of 1061 older adults born in _PHONE_ from the Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly, A Concerted Action study were included in this study. Measurements: Weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold thickness, and corrected arm muscle area were taken during both measurements. Results: A Cox regression model was used to examine the association between anthropometric changes (divided into quintiles, smallest change - reference category) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality over approximately 6 years of follow-up, adjusted for baseline measurement of application, age, sex, smoking, education, physical activity, and major chronic diseases. A decrease in weight (>= 3.2 kg), waist circumference (>= 3.1 cm), and MUAC (>= 1.6 cm and 0.6-1.6 cm) were (near) significantly associated with an all-cause mortality risk of 1.48 (95% CI: 0.99-2.20), 1.52 (95% CI: 1.01-2.31), 1.81 (95% CI: 1.17-2.79), and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.10-2.49), respectively. Also for MUAC, an increase (>= 1.3 cm) was significantly associated with an increased all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality risk [hazard ratio, 1.52 (95% CI: 1.00-2.31) and 1.94 (95% CI: 1.00-3.75), respectively]. Conclusion: Associations were observed for decreases in only 3 of 8 anthropometric measures and all-cause mortality. Decreases in MUAC had the strongest association with mortality and was the only measure in which an increase also was associated with mortality. This suggests a role for MUAC in the prediction of mortality in elderly individuals. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Medical Directors Association, Inc.
|Journal||Journal of the American Medical Directors Association|
|Publication status||Published - 2013|
- body-mass index
- waist circumference
- weight change
- cardiovascular events
- muscle area


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Table2-X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) data for Fe84Ni16
We investigated the magnetism of body centered cubic (bcc) FeNi alloys (Fe92Ni08, Fe87Ni13, and Fe84Ni16) as a function of pressure at room temperature through the bcc to hexagonal closed packed (hcp) phase transition. In each case, the fully saturated magnetic remanence attained maxima at the hysteretic bcc-hcp and hcp-bcc transition boundaries upon compression and decompression. Magnetization maxima generally shifted to lower pressures with increasing Ni concentration. In Fe84Ni16, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the K-edge of Fe measured in a 2.5 T field together with X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicate that the magnetism defined by XMCD divided by the proportion of bcc attains a maximum in the transition regions, similar to the magnetic remanence measurements. The data imply that interaction stresses due to a lattice mismatch between bcc and hcp Fe phases, together with defect-riddled martensite, carry an enhanced magnetic remanence that can persist into the pressure range where only pure hcp Fe was considered stable.


You can't afford not to work out
Time to spring for that gym membership you think is out of your budget. What you really can't afford is to NOT workout, according to a recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
Researchers from hospitals and universities around the country-- including Johns Hopkins, Emory, and Baylor looked into the annual cost of being active or inactivein terms of health care spending.
They crunched the numbers and found that working out will save you $2,500 each year. Researchers also concluded that us not getting our "moderate 30 minutes of exercise 5 days a week" costs the U.S. economy $28 billion a year. Worldwide, the figure is $86 billion.
People who don't exercise are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Treating those illnesses is expensive. Wouldn't you rather buy a classpass?
Of course, it's only worth it if you actually go. If you workout at home or outside, that's like saving money twice! You're gonna be the richest, hottest, and some day, the healthiest senior citizen out there.


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Two 6-metre diameter tunnel boring machines (TBMs) will be used to excavate the Broadway Subway tunnels.
Tunnel boring machines are traditionally named after influential, historic and academic women. The tradition dates back to the 1550s, when miners prayed to Saint Barbara to protect them from dangers underground. Past machines have been named after scientists, leaders in all industries, Queens, saints, grandmothers or artists. The Broadway Subway Project's two TBMs are named after two historic trailblazing women with ties to Vancouver: Elsie MacGill, the world's first female aeronautical engineer, and Phyllis Munday, a pioneer for women in mountaineering. Learn more about each namesake below.
Outbound TBM: Elsie MacGill
Elsie MacGill, the world's first female aeronautical engineer, was born in Vancouver on March 27, 1905 and died on November 4, 1980. In 1923, Elsie was the first woman admitted to the engineering program at the University of Toronto. She graduated in 1927 and completed her master's degree in aeronautical engineering in 1929.
Shortly after graduation, Elsie was diagnosed with polio and became paralyzed from the waist down. Sadly, her loss of mobility ended her dreams of becoming a pilot. Elsie taught herself to walk with two canes and adapted her career goals to focus on the design and testing of planes. In 1938, she was hired as the Chief Aeronautical Engineer at Canadian Car and Foundry, the first time in the world a woman held a chief engineering position.
Elsie pioneered the work to perfect the Hawker Hurricane, a fighter plane that helped ensure the Allies' air dominance during World War II. Her efforts earned her the title "Queen of the Hurricanes", memorialized in a comic book about her life. After the war, Elsie continued to build her career and advocated for the rights of women and children in Canada. She contributed many innovations in aircraft design, including the skis and de-icing for the first successful winterization of a high-speed aircraft.
- Meritorious Contribution to Engineering, Society of Women Engineers (1953)
- Canadian Centennial Medal, Government of Canada (1967)
- Officer, Order of Canada (1971)
- Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (1977)
- Inducted into Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame (1983)
- Creation of the Elsie Gregory MacGill Memorial Foundation (1984)
- Inducted into the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame (1992)
Inbound TBM: Phyllis Munday
Phyllis Munday was born in Sri Lanka in 1894 and moved to British Columbia in 1901. She lived much of her life in North Vancouver and Victoria and died in 1990. As well as a nurse, she was a pioneer for women in mountaineering and summitted more than 100 peaks throughout her career.
She is best known for exploring and documenting the Coast Mountains and Mount Waddington. In 1928, Mount Munday, a peak in the Waddington range, was named after Phyllis and her husband. In total, they climbed over 100 peaks in B.C., often bringing their daughter Edith with them.
When she first began climbing, Phyllis had to find a way to ditch her skirts and hiked in her bloomers as soon as she was out of public sight. She avoided special treatment and insisted on carrying the same 60-pound loads as male climbers on her excursions. On one occasion, she even saved her husband's life from a grizzly bear by charging at it with an ice axe.
Phyllis founded the Girl Guide movement in British Columbia in 1916 and remained an active guider through her life. She also established the first St. John Ambulance brigade in North Vancouver in 1920.
- First Canadian to receive the Bronze Cross, Girl Guides of Canada (1925)
- Dame of Grace, St John Ambulance Brigade (1967)
- Distinguished Service Award, Alpine Club of Canada (1970)
- Received the Order of Canada (1972)
- Honorary Doctor of Laws, University of Victoria (1983)
- O. Wheeler Legacy Award, Alpine Club of Canada (1995)
- Featured on a Canada Post stamp (1998)


Provided by: pacemaker-cli-utils_2.1.4-2ubuntu1_amd64 bug
NAME
 Pacemaker - Part of the Pacemaker cluster resource manager
SYNOPSIS
 crm_failcount <command> [<options>]
DESCRIPTION
 crm_failcount - Query or delete resource fail counts
 Common options:
 --help Display this text, then exit
 --version
 Display version information, then exit
 -V, --verbose
 Specify multiple times to increase debug output
 -q, --quiet
 Print only the value (if querying)
 Commands:
 -G, --query
 Query the current value of the resource's fail count
 -D, --delete
 Delete resource's recorded failures
 Additional Options:
 -r, --resource=value
 Name of the resource to use (required)
 -n, --operation=value
 Name of operation to use (instead of all operations)
 -I, --interval=value
 If operation is specified, its interval
 -N, --node=value
 Use failcount on named node (instead of local node)
AUTHOR
 Written by Andrew Beekhof and the Pacemaker project contributors