{1} } \right) = \lambda_{1} \,\quad {\text{and}}\,\quad f\left( {\frac{{\lambda_{1} }}{{2\lambda_{0} }}} \right) = \frac{a}{2}. $$
These two conditions ensure that the maximal growth rate and the half maximum value of the Simeoni growth function g and f coincide.
We obtain \( a = \lambda_{1} ,b = \frac{{\lambda_{1} }}{{2\lambda_{0} }} \) and end up with the expression
$$ f\left( {x_{1} } \right) = \frac{{\lambda_{1} x_{1} }}{{\frac{{\lambda_{1} }}{{2\lambda_{0} }} + x_{1} }} = \frac{{2\lambda_{0} \lambda_{1} x_{1} }}{{\lambda_{1} + 2\lambda_{0} x_{1} }}. $$
Remark: The growth function g from Simeoni et al. (Eq. 7) is not differentiable at the switch w th therefore they suggested an approximation
$$ g_{a} \left( w \right) = \frac{{\lambda_{0} w}}{{\left( {1 + \left( {\frac{{\lambda_{0} }}{{\lambda_{1} }}w} \right)^{\psi } } \right)^{{\frac{1}{\psi }}} }} $$
with ψ = 20 fixed. A comparison of the growth functions is shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6
figure 6
The characteristics of the Simeoni growth function g, the approximation g a and the nonlinear growth function f for λ 0 = 0.2 and λ 1 = 0.4 are shown. The inlet is showing a zoom of g and g a at the kink
Appendix 2: The threshold concentration
In this section we give a proof of (Eq. 4) and calculate a similar result for combination therapy. Let the drug flow be constant for all t ≥ 0. The stationary equations of the presented model (Eq. 3) and (Eq. 6) read:
$$ 0 = \frac{{2\lambda_{0} \lambda_{1} x_{1}^{2} }}{{\left( {\lambda_{1} + 2\lambda_{0} x_{1} } \right)w}} - \gamma x_{1} , $$
(8a)
$$ 0 = \gamma x_{1} - k_{1} x_{2} , $$
(8b)
$$ 0 = k_{1} \left( {x_{i - 1} - x_{i} } \right),\quad i = 3, \ldots ,N $$
(8c)
with
$$ \gamma = \left\{ \begin{gathered} \begin{array}{*{20}l} {k_{2} c} & {{\text{for}}\,\,{\text{monotherapy,}}} \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {k_{2}^{a} c_{1} + k_{2}^{b} c_{2} \psi } & {{\text{in}}\,\,{\text{case}}\,\,{\text{of}}\,{\text{combination}}\,\,{\text{therapy}}} \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.. $$
(Eq. 8b) and (Eq. 8c) directly imply
$$ x_{2} = \ldots = x_{N} = \frac{{\gamma x_{1} }}{{k_{1} }}. $$
(9)
Inserting the relation (Eq. 9) into (Eq. 8a) leads to the quadratic equation
$$ \gamma^{2} \left( {\left( {N - 1} \right)\frac{{\lambda_{1} }}{{k_{1} }} + 2\left( {N - 1} \right)\frac{{\lambda_{0} x_{1} }}{{k_{1} }}} \right) + \gamma \left( {\lambda_{1} + 2\lambda_{0} x_{1} } \right) - 2\lambda_{0} \lambda_{1} = 0 $$
(10)
for γ. We set x 1 = 0 in (Eq. 10) due to the eradication of the tumor and find the unique positive solution
$$ \gamma = \frac{{ - k_{1} + k_{1} \sqrt {1 + 8\left( {N - 1} \right)\frac{{\lambda_{0} }}{{k_{1} }}} }}{{2\left( {N - 1} \right)}} $$
of (Eq. 10). Thus, with \( \tau = \frac{N - 1}{{k_{1} }} \) we obtain for the monotherapy model
$$ k_{2} C_{T} = \frac{1}{2\tau }\left( { - 1 + \sqrt {1 + 8\tau \lambda_{0} } } \right) $$
and for the combination therapy system
$$ k_{2}^{a} C_{T}^{a} + k_{2}^{b} C_{T}^{b} \psi = \frac{1}{2\tau }\left( { - 1 + \sqrt {1 + 8\tau \lambda_{0} } } \right). $$
Moreover, it is confirmed in both cases by numerical simulation that the domain of attraction of the steady state (0,…,0) covers \( {\mathbb{R}}_{ + }^{N} . \)
Appendix 3: Derivatives with respect to parameters
In this section we present the concept of variations, that is, an alternative approach to compute partial derivatives of solutions of ordinary differential equations with respect to parameters. With this approach the user can balance accuracy of the computations versus computational effort. Please keep in mind that the accurate computation of these partial derivatives affects PK/PD modeling for two reasons. First it opens the route to use more powerful numerical algorithms to solve nonlinear least squares problems and, secondly, it can be useful to reliably compute the covariance matrix, which is the basis for every a posteriori stochastic analysis.
The model equations of tumor development in PK/PD analysis have the general form
$$ x^{\prime } \left( t \right) = f\left( {t,x\left( t \right),\theta } \right),\quad x\left( 0 \right) = x_{0} = \left( {w_{0} ,0, \ldots ,0} \right)^{T} \in {\mathbb{R}}^{N} $$
(11)
with \( \theta = \left( {\theta_{1} ,\theta_{2} ,\theta_{3} ,\theta_{4} } \right) \) and with the differentiable solution \( \overline{x} \left( {t,x_{0} ,\theta } \right). \) To calculate the derivatives \( \frac{{\partial \overline{x} }}{{\partial \theta_{k} }}\left( {t,x_{0} ,\theta } \right),k = 1, \ldots ,4 \) due to Hairer [19] one has to solve the matrix differential equation
$$ v^{\prime } \left( t \right) = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\left( {t,\overline{x} \left( {t,x_{0} ,\theta } \right),\theta } \right)v\left( t \right) + \frac{\partial f}{\partial \theta }\left( {t,\overline{x} \left( {t,x_{0} ,\theta } \right),\theta } \right),\,\,\,\,\,\,v\left


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Hidden for 10,000 years, Inner Space Cavern is one of the best preserved
caves in Texas and one of the few places where remains of prehistoric
animals were unearthed.
Inner Space Cavern was discovered by a Texas Highway Department
core drilling team in the Spring of 1963. While drilling through
40 feet of solid limestone, the bit broke into what is now known
as Inner Space Cavern. An adventurous employee of the highway department
was lowered into the hole while standing on the drill bit and holding
tightly to the stem. He was the first human being to enter INNER
SPACE. What an exciting voyage this must have been!
So come explore with us
and let us show you our side of Texas!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Reported profit is important to investors, but so is cash flow. What enables an entity to survive is the tangible resource of cash – not profit, which is merely one indicator of financial performance. Historical cash flows are not necessarily a good indicator of future cash flows, but trend data often provides a base for assessing future cash flow performance and liquidity.
Disclosure requirements for cash flow information are primarily governed by IAS 7, 'Statement of cash flows'. The standard seeks to require disclosure of information that provides investors with a basis for assessing an entity's ability to generate cash and its needs to utilise that cash. Nevertheless, investors have cited a number of areas in which disclosure could be improved.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Martius. the Book of Palms (Hardcover)
On December 15, 1868, Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (_PHONE_), Professor of Botany at the University of Munich and director of the Royal Botanic Garden, was carried to his grave in a coffin covered with fresh palm leaves. These were a reference to his groundbreaking Natural History of Palms: a work in three volumes, published between 1823 and 1853. At the time, this encyclopedic treasury contained the sum of human knowledge on the topic, and included 240 exquisite chromolithographic illustrations, featuring landscape views of palm habitats and botanical dissections.This epic folio was based on von Martius's expedition to Brazil and Peru with zoologist Johann Baptist von Spix, sponsored by King Maximilian I of Bavaria, to investigate natural history and native tribes. From 1817 to 1820 the pair traveled over 2,250 km (1,400 miles) throughout the Amazon basin, the most species-rich palm region in the world, collecting and sketching specimens. On their return both men were awarded knighthoods and lifetime pensions. In his epic work, von Martius outlined the modern classification of palm, produced the first maps of palm biogeography, described all the palms of Brazil, and collated the sum of all known genera of the palm family. Apart from his own collection of specimens and notes, von Martius also wrote about the findings of others. Von Martius's folio is unusual in its inclusion of cross-sectioned diagrams, conveying the architecture of these mighty trees, which central Europeans would have found hard to imagine accurately. Equally remarkable are the color landscapes showing various palms--often standing alone--which have a simple and elegant beauty. This famous work is an unrivaled landmark in botanic illustration and taxonomy.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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3-D Paper Snowflakes Are a Hit
January 16, 2013
Smithville's Homeschoolers @ the Library made 3-D snowflakes this December. Before the class, branch staff made a few to help the instructor determine what steps might be the most difficult. We hung these staff "flakes" over our circulation desk. Whoa! Everyday a patron would ask, "Did you make those? They're great! Do you have a pattern I could copy?" So, we thought we would share our snowflake fun with everyone.
All you need is 6 sheets of paper, a ruler, pencil, scissors, glue or tape, and a stapler.
This square is easily accomplished by folding regular printer paper - fold one corner down to the opposite side, creating a folded triangle. Then cut off excess. Fold again to create a smaller triangle, then mark 4 cutting lines (parallel to the long open edges) from the short edge with 2 folds almost across to the solid folded edge - but stop short by 1/2 inch. Leaving the triangle folded, cut on those lines BUT NOT all the way across. This process must be done for all 6 pages.
Open up your cut piece of paper slowly, as it is a little delicate at this point. Lay the paper flat. Fold the two most center slits together and glue or tape. Skip the second slit and glue or tape the points of the third slits together. Now leave the fourth and tape or glue the 5th slits together. At this point, turn your piece over and tape or glue the points of the 2nd slits together. Finally, tape or glue the points of the 4th slit together. This is 1/6th of your snowflake. Repeat this process for the remaining five pieces.
Use a stapler to staple one tip of all 6 pieces together. Then fan them out and tape or glue the edges of each piece where it touches the next piece. You are done! Here is a link for a great tutorial on how to make these snowflakes. Enjoy!


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Hypertext Help with LaTeX
The \addtocontents command adds text (or formatting commands) directly
to the file that generates the table of contents or list of figures or
- file is the extension of the file on which information is to be
written: toc (table of contents), lof (list of figures), or lot
(list of tables).
- text is the information to be written.
See also Table of Contents
Return to the LaTeX Table of Contents
Revised: Sheldon Green, 28 Jun 1995.


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Publisher All in! Games revealed their newest game, Ghostrunner, a hardcore cyberpunk adventure developed by One More Level. Become a cyber-warrior and experience dynamic fights on PC, Xbox One and PS4. Watch the trailer:
A cataclysm has wiped out most of humanity and destroyed the environment. Now, when resources are scarce, the survivors live in a tower built by long-forgotten hands. But the structure is torn by violence, poverty, and chaos. A person's worth depends on the category of implants they have, defining their whole lives. It's no surprise that a rebellion starts.
You are a cyber-warrior, a living weapon, the only one capable of fighting both in the physical world and in cyberspace. Lost and hunted, thrown into the middle of the conflict, you must use this bond with technology to ascend the tower.
- Ascend the tower – use the environment to your advantage and face fast and determined enemies.
- Act fast – armed with a melee weapon, get to the enemies before they have a chance to shoot.
- You are a cyber-warrior – fight both in the physical world and in cyberspace.
- Choose your own strategy – use your special abilities to avoid bullets and eliminate enemies: the dynamic movement system turns combat into a true dance of death.
- Trial and error – you die from one hit, so learn the levels by heart and adapt.


Building Location
Building Location and GHG Impact
Commuting by office workers accounts for 30% more energy use than a building uses for meeting its energy needs (e.g. heating, cooling, lighting, etc.) This may well exceed the energy savings realized by a green building. [1]
Transportation energy intensity is recently being proposed as a metric of building performance. It is the amount of energy associated with getting people to and from a building. Location is the most critical element to reducing transportation energy intensity and thus the GHGs emitted as a result of your operations. [1]
Location of local government buildings should be given greater attention and should be a key consideration when evaluating building performance.
[1] Alex Wilson and Rachel Navaro, (2007). Driving to Green Buildings: The Transportation Energy Intensity of Buildings., Page 1.


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The pressure to increase available power to the end user results either in new generation or increasing the efficiency of the system/reducing losses. Shunt reactors are used in transmission systems to increase the capabilities of transmission lines by injecting inductive power to the system. This results in fewer transmission losses and consequently, less new generation is required, indirectly reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
Download this white paper to learn how dry type air core shunt reactors are a low-cost technology that offers more advantages compared to oil-filled, iron core reactors. The paper also discusses the application of shunt reactors in power systems above and below 60kV with case study examples, and explores how to calculate rated 3 phase reactive power and system voltage to determine shunt reactor requirements.


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CIX Token pricing may vary across different trading platforms due to several factors:
1. Supply and Demand: The prices of cryptocurrencies are determined by the interaction between buyers and sellers. If there is high demand for CIX on one platform compared to others, the price may be higher on that specific platform.
2. Fees: Each trading platform has its own fee structure. Higher fees on a platform can influence the price of CIX, as traders may factor in these fees when determining their buying or selling prices.
3. User Base: Different trading platforms attract different user bases. If a platform has a large number of active users trading CIX, it can create higher demand and potentially impact the price.
4. Market Liquidity: The liquidity of a market refers to the ease of buying or selling an asset without causing significant price movements. Higher liquidity usually results in narrower bid-ask spreads and more stable prices. If a platform has higher liquidity for CIX, it may have a more stable price compared to platforms with lower liquidity.
Listing CIX on multiple trading platforms increases its exposure and accessibility to a wider range of investors. This can lead to increased trading activity and liquidity, which may impact the price stability and overall market awareness of CIX.
Join the excitement and explore the potential rewards available through trading CIX on various platforms.


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Keywords:permeability, fault zone, hydraulic test, groundwater level
GSJ, AIST constructed an integrated groundwater observatory at Matsusaka-Iitaka as a part of the groundwater and crustal deformation observation network for the prediction research of the Nankai and Tonankai earthquakes (Shigematsu et al., 2012; Koizumi, 2013). Hole 1 (total depth 600m) was penetrated the Median Tectonic Line (MTL) at a depth of 473.9m. Total depth of Hole 2 is 208m. We obtained core samples and well logging data and conducted hydraulic tests in these wells. Screened depth of Hole 1 is 547.6 - 558.5 m and is located in the lower fracture zone of the MTL fault zone developed in the Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks. Screened depth of Hole 2 is 145.5-156.4 m and is located at a branch fault in the Ryoke Granitolds (Shigematsu et al., 2012).
The results of the hydraulic tests and continuous groundwater observation show 1.8 - 8.5 x 10 -16 and 1.8 x 10-15 m2 in Hole 1 and Hole 2, respectively. These permeabilities are consistent with laboratory permeability measurement of MTL fault rocks (Wibberley and Shimamoto, 2003).


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Our Birds - Barred Plymouth Rock Chicken
Our Animals > Barred Plymouth Rock Chicken
The Plymouth Rock, often called simply Rocks or Barred Rocks (after their most popular color), is a chicken breed that originated in the United States. The Plymouth Rock is a dual-purpose, cold-hardy bird and therefore makes a great breed for the small farm or backyard flock owner. These chickens are often called Plymouth Rocks, but this title correctly belongs to the entire breed, not just the Barred variety. There are seven varieties of Plymouth Rock chickens: barred, blue, buff, Columbian, partridge, silver-penciled and white.
The Plymouth Rock was developed in New England in the middle of the 19th century and was first exhibited as a breed in 1869. Several individuals claimed its invention, using crosses of Dominiques, Black Javas, Cochins, and perhaps Malays and Dorkings. John C. Bennett (_PHONE_) has been credited with either creating or popularizing the breed. Plymouth Rocks were bred as a dual-purpose fowl, meaning that they were valued both for their meat and for the hens' egg-laying ability. The first Plymouth Rock was barred and other varieties were developed later. The breed became popular very rapidly, and in fact, until World War II, no breed was ever kept and bred as extensively in the United States as the Barred Plymouth Rock. Its popularity came from its qualities as an outstanding farm chicken: hardiness, docility, broodiness, and excellent production of both eggs and meat.
Most of the other varieties were developed from crosses containing some of the same ancestral background as the barred variety. Early in its development, the name Plymouth Rock implied a barred bird, but as more varieties were developed, it became the designation for the breed. The Barred Plymouth Rock was one of the foundation breeds for the broiler industry in the 1920s, and the White Rock continues to be used as the female side of the commercial broiler cross.
Plymouth Rocks are large, long-lived chickens. Some varieties are good layers while others are bred principally for meat. They possess a long, broad back; a moderately deep, full breast; and yellow skin and legs. The hens have a deep, full abdomen, which is a sign of a good layer. The face of a Plymouth Rock is red with red ear lobes, a bright yellow beak, bay-colored eyes, and a single comb of moderate size. Their feathers are fairly loosely held but not so long as to easily tangle.
Generally, Plymouth Rocks are not aggressive, and tame quite easily. They are docile and may show broodiness. The hens usually make good mothers. However, some males and females are big and active enough to be quite a problem if they become aggressive.
Breeders should be aware of the standard weights and not select small or narrow birds for the breeding pen. Common faults include a shallow breast, high tails, narrow bodies and small size. Friendly and curious.


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Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Release : 2012
ISBN : _PHONE_
Language : En, Es, Fr & De
Book Description :
Coverage includes: Experimental findings around coherent vortical structures (CVS) in turbulent boundary layers and methods of controlling them Static and dynamic mechanical characteristics of elastic composite coatings, as well as new techniques and devices developed for their measurement Combined methods of flow control and drag reduction, including the effect of injection of polymer solutions, elastic coatings and generated longitudinal vortical structures on hydrodynamic resistance Intended as a reference for senior engineers and researchers concerned with the drag reduction and the dynamics of turbulent boundary layer flows, Boundary Layer Flow over Elastic Surfaces provides a unique source of information on compliant surface drag reduction and the experimental techniques around it that have shown measurable and repeatable improvements over recent years.


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Biol 104 lecture 2
Lecture 5: Bacterial Growth and Control
Growth = increase in cellular constituents.
In bacteria this results in an increase in _________________________________
Volume and mass increase to critical mass transverse binary fission
_____________________________________________________= time it takes for a bacterial cell (or population) to duplicate itself. Determined by genetic programming but influenced by _____________________
_________________ like: moisture and nutrient availability, temperature,
Under optimum conditions, generation time is a constant characteristic of a bacterial species. Results in _____________________________________________, in which cell numbers double after each generation time.
II. Exponential Growth:
Example: Unpasteurized milk with 10 bacteria / mL, and a generation time of 20
III. In vitro Control of Microbial Growth:
b. Methods of control:
__________________ methods of control (Table in text p 30, Lab 4):
Heat, cold, radiation, filtration, desiccation
__________________ methods of control (Table in text p 29, Lab 6):
______________________: antimicrobial chemical agent used to
carry out disinfection of inanimate objects only, may be harmful to tissues.
_____________________: antimicrobial chemical agent safe to
c. Microbial Targets for Control:
d. Spectrum of Activity:
- static = ________________________________________ the target cell
- cidal = ________________________________________
- _____________________ = kills all (would have to be sporocidal)
Examples: glutaraldehyde, ethylene oxide gas
e. Describe the attributes of an ideal disinfectant:
IV. Antimicrobial Chemotherapeutic Agents:
Definition: Chemical agents that can be used ____________________________
that can kill, or inhibit the growth of, other microbes.
ii. Synthetic agents:_____________________________________________
iii. Semisynthetic agents:_________________________________________
Antibiotics can be _______________________ (generally target metabolic
pathway or synthesis of cellular components) or ______________________
(generally target cell wall or membrane)
b. Spectrum of Activity:
Antibiotics can have a _____________________________________________; they are effective against a single group of bacteria. E.g. Vancomycin vs. Gram +; Colistin vs. Gram -. or they can be ________________________; active against a wide range of bacteria. E.g. Ampicillin, Tetracycline Narrow spectrum antibiotics produce less 'collateral damage' and are therefore a better choice than broad spectrum antibiotics. All antibiotics exhibit ________________________________: the ability to inhibit
or kill the pathogen without causing significant damage to the host.
They target _____________________ of the microbe's __________________ or
________________________________, thereby limiting the side effects on the
Eukaryotic host's cells. The greater the selective toxicity, the fewer the side
Virtually all antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents have side effects:
Why is it more challenging to produce anti-fungal or anti-parasitic chemotherapeutic agents than antibacterial agents?
Why are these agents more likely to have side effects?
c. Lab Testing for Antimicrobial Susceptibility:
To determine the optimum antimicrobial agent to treat a patient's pathogen, in vitro
tests are performed in the Clinical Microbiology Lab. (Lab 6 and Lab 9b)
_________________________: Measure the zone of inhibition around the
disks containing antibiotic and compare its size to a standard table.
MIC: ________________________________________determines the
smallest amount of drug that will inhibit the growth of the pathogen
___________________: contains a gradient of the antimicrobial agent.
The MIC is indicated by where the zone of inhibition intersects the strip.
d. Mechanisms of Antibacterial Drug Action:
Examples: Penicillins and Cephalosporins contain a _________________
Beta-lactam antibiotics bind to the bacterial enzyme that x-links PG during
cell wall synthesis, cell wall weakenslysis
Only effective on __________________________________.
FYI The semi-synthetic antibiotic Methicillin was designed to evade the action of beta-lactamase, but most Staph have developed resistance to it. Newer beta-lactam antibiotics are combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor that binds to and inactivates the beta-lactase enzyme. Extended spectrum penicillins: 'Natural' penicillins are narrow spectrum antibiotics; they target Gram positives only. Ampicillin and Amoxicillin were developed as broad spectrum antibiotics active against Gram positives and negatives. ESBL: Extended spectrum beta-lactamases: 3rd generation Cephalosporins were originally resistant to beta-lactamase. In 1980's a new type of beta-lactamase evolved, not affected by inhibitors. The gene that codes for this beta-lactamase is carried on a plasmid, often with resistance to other antibiotics. First ESBL producers were E.coli
and Klebsiella pneumoniae
, now produced in many other Gram negative bacilli. 2009 New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1)
Examples: Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol
_____________________________ (concentration dependent)
Target: bacterial enzymes necessary for nucleic acid synthesis
Examples: Ciprofloxicin and other quinolones, Rifampin
Disrupts structure and permeability Examples: Polymyxin B (topical antibiotic) Cidal 5. ______________________________________ (Competitive Inhibitors, growth factor analogs) Target: mimics and competes with _______________________________
Examples: Sulfonamides (first effective antimicrobial drug), Isoniazid
Sulfa drugs as an example of Selective Toxicity:
All cells require folic acid for growth. Humans cannot synthesize folic acid, therefore we must obtain it from the food we eat. Bacteria are able to synthesize folic acid from p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Because of their similar chemical structure, Sulfa drugs compete with PABA, but since bacterial enzymes cannot recognize sulfonamides, bacteria cannot use it to manufacture folic acid.
e. Characteristics of an Ideal Antibiotic:
Not induce hypersensitivities in the host (no allergic reactions)
Not interfere with _________________________________________________
Not induce development of ____________________________
Venta y publicidad de medicamentos por Internet y la necesidad de una regulación homogénea Joaquín Catalán Socio Responsable del Área de Economía y Derecho Farmacéutico Marta Brosa Departamento Mercantil y Derecho Farmacéutico LA GACETA DE LOS NEGOCIOS. 7 de octubre de 2004 El hábito en el consumo de medicamentos está cambiando al igual que las exigencias de la demanda d
COMMUNITY PROTOCOL FOR MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING THROUGH A GASTROSTOMY COMMUNITY PROTOCOL FOR MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING THROUGH A GASTROSTOMY. Introduction The following procedures relate to the management of a gastrostomy stoma, feeding through a gastrostomy tube and gastrostomy skin level deviceButton, by bolus feeding or continuous feeding. Also administering medication


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Eltiste-Kaiser Web Site
Bohling Family ~Coat of Arms
Wilhelmine Emile Elizabeth (Eltiste) Bohling
Spelling variations include: Boel, Boell, Boeler, Boelert, Bohlen, Bohllen, Boehlen, Boehl, Boehler, Boehlert, Boehling, Boehllen, Bolen, Boelen, Boelens, Boellner, Boellsch, Bollen, Boellen, Bohl, Bole, Bohlens, Bolin, Bohlin, Bohll, Bohell and many more.
First found in Mecklenburg, where chronicles first mention Bole von Malchow of Rostock in Mecklenburg in the year 1298.
Some of the first settlers of this name or some of its variants were: Sego
Boell, who arrived in Virginia in 1654; Martin Boeler who was recorded as having
arrived in Pennsylvania in 1751; Conrad Bohl, who arrived in Philadelphia in
Bohling is the 22,445th Most Popular Name in the United States
Home Kaiser Eltiste Fink Rohrs
Thumbnail Family Photo Gallery Index
Last Up-Date 11/26/2010 10:58:30 PM


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Athens, Ga. A new study by University of Georgia researchers shows that the common practice of killing wild animals to control disease outbreaks can actually make matters worse in some cases.
In a study published the August 7 edition of the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, post-doctoral researcher Marc Choisy and Pejman Rohani, associate professor of ecology and UGA Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute researcher, create a detailed mathematical model that demonstrates how the combination of hunting and factors such as birth season and mating season influence disease outbreaks. Their results suggest that wildlife managers and health officials use caution when considering hunting or culling as a means to manage diseases as diverse as rabies, tuberculosis and even avian influenza.
"One consequence of hunting that we show in this paper is that it can increase the probability of dying from the disease," Choisy said. "It can give you results that are contrary to what you expect."
The reasoning behind killing wild animals to control disease outbreaks is simple: fewer animals should result in reduced transmission of disease. Hunting has been used to control badger populations in England, rabies in European foxes and chronic wasting disease in deer and elk populations in the American West. The researchers note that in each instance, disease outbreaks have worsened in response to the hunting.
One reason the policies failed, Choisy and Rohani said, is that they didn't take into account an ecological principle known as compensation. When a portion of the animal population is reduced, those that survive are left with more resources such as food and shelter. As a result of the newly plentiful resources, the death rate decreases and the birth rate increases, compensating and sometimes overcompensating for the loss.


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The Brooklyn Bridge is incredibly safe. So why did so many people die when it was built?
If you've ever been worried about the thousands of people and vehicles crossing the famous Brooklyn Bridge every day, let us put your mind to rest.
Trust us, this bridge can handle the extreme stress.
Strangely, that's because the engineers who originally built the wonder thought they would be working with some really awful material and had to overcompensate.
The bridge was planned to be overbuilt since manufacturer fraud was all too common in that era.
The materials the builders got, primarily the wire that went into the main cables, were substandard and would barely hold if it was planned like a normal bridge should. Upon construction, even with the bad wires, the cables had a safety factor of five, or about five times stronger than they actually needed to be.
Even though the bridge may be safe, that doesn't mean there isn't death and tragedy surrounding it. Nearly 40 lives were lost while building it, including the man who was the creative genius behind the design and his son who took on the project after his death. When it finally opened, a dozen people were trampled to death when people thought the bridge was giving way.
Since then, the record's been astonishingly clean. Only one death was caused by the bridge itself; in 1981, a Japanese tourist was killed by two diagonal stays when they snapped and fell onto the promenade.


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At Edmonton's Aggregate-Recycling Facilities, RFID Provides an Extra Eye
The system alerts drivers in the event that an accident may be imminent, based on data from tags worn by personnel walking in the area, as well as readers installed on trucks.
Jul 20, 2012—Workers at the aggregate-recycling facilities in Edmonton, Alberta, are wearing RFID-enabled vests and helmets that make it possible for heavy-equipment operators to be alerted about the presence of other personnel before an accident can occur. The solution, installed on six vehicles late last month, enables drivers to know when they may be in danger of backing into someone. The technology was provided by Scan-Link.
The city of Edmonton's aggregate-recycling facilities receive rubble material from construction sites, and create material used for road construction within the city. The facilities received 5,000 metric tons of material in 1978, when the program began, and have since processed 4.5 billion metric tons of asphalt and concrete, thereby saving the city $7 million to $9 million annually, by reducing its use of landfill and creating new material for road construction.
Edmonton operates two aggregate-recycling sites, says Blair Buchholtz, the program's general supervisor, who adds that the work itself can be dangerous. A combination of contract loaders and city-owned loaders and skid-steers move around each facility, while 10 to 50 tractor-trailers deliver material on a daily basis. "The primary risk on our site is from traffic," Buchholtz explains. Heavy equipment can provide a driver with limited visibility behind it while backing up. Therefore, the city has mounted a camera on the back of each vehicle, with a video monitor installed in its cab to afford the driver a rearward view. Operators do not always look at that screen, however, and might be glancing away at the moment that an individual steps into harm's way.
Scan-Link's RFID solution, known as Armour, consists of an integrated reader and antenna array installed at the back of the vehicle, as well as a display unit mounted in the cab. Workers are provided with RFID-enabled helmets or vests. If the reader detects an RFID tag within the vicinity, it transmits that information to the display unit, which then emits an audible sound and flashes a row of red lights.
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Laparoscopic Pelvic Floor Repair
What is laparoscopic pelvic floor repair?
Laparoscopic pelvic floor repair refers to the use of laparoscopic or minimally invasive surgery for correction of pelvic organ prolapse.
How does laparoscopic pelvic floor repair work?
Over the last decade, doctors have used laparoscopic surgery for diagnosis and treatment of most gynaecological conditions. In the process, doctors have discovered that laparoscopy can help identify and repair many different defects which cause pelvic organ prolapse, restoring them to normal positions.
How is laparoscopic pelvic floor repair different from other surgical alternatives?
In traditional repair surgery, incisions are made through the vaginal skins and the torn or damaged connective tissues is plicated using absorbable suture materials. In laparoscopic pelvic floor repair, surgeons reattach the prolapsed pelvic organs to the pelvic floor muscles or bony landmarks using non-absorbable / permanent suture or mesh materials. The repair is based on the concept that pelvic organs prolapse mainly as a result shearing forces which damage the connective tissues that attach the pelvic organs to the pelvic floor.
What types of pelvic organ prolapse are laparoscopic pelvic floor repair suitable for?
Laparoscopic surgery is suitable for correction of detachment types of pelvic floor defects which form cystocoele, rectocoele, uterine and post-hysterectomy vault prolapse.
What are the benefits of laparoscopic pelvic floor repair?
The benefits of laparoscopic pelvic floor repair include high success rates (over 90%), little post-operative pain, reduced risk of painful vaginal scars and vaginal strictures.
What are the risks of laparoscopic pelvic floor repair?
Risks associated with laparoscopic pelvic floor repair are uncommon. They include risks associated anaesthesia, laparoscopic surgery and vaginal repair. The latter may include rare injury to bladder, bowel, blood vessels and nerves of the pelvis.
Is laparoscopic pelvic floor repair right for me?
As every individual patient has different types of pelvic floor defects, different tissue quality, different health status, and different expectations, you should consult with your own specialist to determine if laparoscopic pelvic floor surgery is right for you.
At CARE, our highly experienced surgeons specialize in the management of pelvic organ prolapse. We have treated thousands of women, many of whom have been referred due to the complexity of their problems or previous unsuccessful surgical repairs.
CARE surgeons are particularly skilled in the laparoscopic pelvic floor repair and sacro-colpopexy and have taught and demonstrated these techniques at many national and international meetings.


text:
Pub. date: 2007 | Online Pub. Date: September 15, 2007 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412952651 | Print ISBN: 9781412924702 | Online ISBN: 9781412952651| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Measures of Association/Correlation Coefficient
Ronald S. Landis
In many situations, researchers are interested in evaluating the relationship between variables of interest. Such associations are important for testing theories and hypotheses in which changes in one variable are tied to changes in another. In other words, is an increase in one variable associated with a systematic increase or decrease in the other? The most frequently reported measure of association within industrial and organizational psychology is the correlation coefficient ( r ). Correlation is a standardized index of the extent to which two sets of scores vary together. As an index, correlation can vary between −1.00 (i.e., a perfect negative relationship) and +1.00 (i.e., a perfect positive relationship). Correlations near zero indicate the absence of a linear relationship between the variables of interest. Squaring the correlation (i.e., r 2 ) provides an indication of the percentage of variance in one variable that can be explained by the other variable....


text:
Revised with major modifications, resubmitted June 2020, Moral and Political Philosophy.
Public policy should try to make individuals' lives better than they would otherwise be, according to welfare-consequentialism. This article asks which individuals should count in welfare-consequentialist public policy analysis. Possible answers to the "who counts" question fall along a spectrum between parochial and inclusive. One relatively parochial answer is that only welfare effects experienced by the living human constituents of government should be considered. At the other end of the spectrum, a highly inclusive answer would be that welfare impacts on all individuals who are capable of having welfare should be weighed equally in a social welfare function.
The paper proposes a two-level theory to respond to the "who counts" question. Two-level theories distinguish between (i) what is ethically ideal, and (ii) decision procedures for humans who want to give effect to an ethical ideal, but have limited capacity to do so. Persuasive arguments support an inclusive approach that encompasses the unborn, foreigners, and animals. However, human predictions of the welfare consequences of policy options are prone to error. Welfare predictions about individuals who are temporally, politically, or biologically dissimilar from the predicting government are especially likely to be wrong. Using a social welfare function with excessive welfare-prediction requirements to make decisions may undermine the government's capacity to correctly predict and advance anyone's welfare. The paper concludes by analyzing alternative ways to make welfare-consequentialist decision procedures more parochial, and therefore more practical for real human governments seeking to make life better for everybody.
Full Text Online: _URL_


You are browsing a read-only backup copy of Wikitech. The live site can be found at wikitech.wikimedia.org
Help:Puppet-compiler
From Wikitech-static
Jump to navigation Jump to search
shortcut: PCC
Overview
You can run puppet-compiler by hand to get the results of a given puppet configuration without having to deploy it to servers.
This page provides a instructions for this process.
Catalog compiler in integration Jenkins
There is a Jenkins job that takes a Gerrit change and runs the compiler.
Steps:
 1. Push your change to gerrit using git-review
 2. Go to _URL_
 3. Go to "Build with parameters" _URL_
 4. In the form, fill change number (from Gerrit) and list of nodes
 5. Hit the Build button
 6. Wait for the Jenkins job to end
 7. You can check for results in the Jenkins Console output
 8. You can see the compiled catalogs in a web frontend. The URL structure is _URL_ where:
 - compiler_host is the hostname (without domain name) of the compiler node that Jenkins dispatched the build to. A current list of possible compiler nodes is available at _URL_
 - build_id is the unique id of the Jenkins build (changes with every run)
 - This link is automatically constructed and can be found at the bottom of the Jenkins console output after each build.
Host variable override
The list_of_nodes supports selecting hosts using the following methods
 - an empty list. In this case pcc attempt to pick one host for each definition in site.pp
 - comma separate list of hosts e.g. example1001.eqiad.wmnet,example2001.wikimedia.org,example3001.esams.wmnet
 - Regular expression - you can use re: followed by a regular expression to select hosts e.g. to select all puppetmasters use re:puppetmaster.*wmnet
 - Simplified Cumin syntax. you can use the P:, C: and O: cumin prefixes to select hosts based on their profile, class or role e.g.
 - select all hosts with the envoy class: C:envoy
 - select all hosts with the tlsproxy::envoy profile: P:tlsproxy::envoy
 - select all hosts with the mediawiki::appserver role: O:mediawiki::appserver
 - cumin puppetdb backend expresions - you can use cumin: followed by a cumin query using the puppetdb grammer. however please keep in mind that the puppetdb on the pcc workers only has a subset of hosts.
With the simplified cumin syntax we try to select a set of hosts which covers all unique uses cases of the class, profile and role to avoid preforming the same test on multiple nodes. We select this reduced set of hosts based on the host prefix i.e. mw, cp, db etc and they set of puppet tags applied to the host. Check the code for further details. If you pass a cumin query you will receive all hosts in the pcc worker puppetdb which match that query. e.g. at the time of writing if one used
 - P:idp: The test will run on idp1001.wikimedia.org and idp-test1001.wikimedia.org
 - cumin:P:idp: The test may run on all of idp1001.wikimedia.org, idp2001.wikimedia.org, idp-test1001.wikimedia.org and idp-test2001.wikimedia.org
Gerrit integration
There is an experimental feature which allows users to specify the list_of_node in the gerrit commit message. To do this you need to specify your list_of_nodes using the keyword Hosts: followed by your list of hosts or one of the supported overrides listed above.
Make sure the list of hosts is part of the footer section (extra new line after the main text, together with Bug: and Change-id: and other footers). Commit message validator also has a maximum line width limit, so use multiple Hosts: lines if needed. Example commit message.
You can provide comments at the end of Hosts: lines to help identify the sets of machines:
Hosts: pc1009.eqiad.wmnet,pc2009.codfw.wmnet # pc3
Hosts: es1027.eqiad.wmnet,es2028.codfw.wmnet # es4
Once this is in place you can comment on your change with check experimental and zuul will schedule a PCC using the correct gerrit ID and the hosts specified
Updating nodes
A recent update means there is no a mechanism for puppet masters to automatically send there facts data to the compiler hosts. Configured puppet masters send there facts to the puppet compiler db host (pcc-db1001.puppet-diffs.eqiad1.wikimedia.cloud) using the upload_puppet_facts systemd timer. The DB host process facts on a daily bases using the pcc_facts_processor systemd timer.
Manually update production
one can manually update the production facts by running the following.
$ ssh puppetmaster1001.eqiad.wmnet sudo /usr/local/sbin/puppet-facts-upload --proxy _URL_
$ ssh pcc-db1001.puppet-diffs.eqiad1.wikimedia.cloud sudo systemctl start pcc_facts_processor.service
Manually update cloud
Projects that use the shared puppet master can update there facts by running the following command
$ ssh puppetmaster.cloudinfra.wmflabs.org sudo /usr/local/sbin/puppet-facts-upload
$ ssh pcc-db1001.puppet-diffs.eqiad1.wikimedia.cloud sudo systemctl start pcc_facts_processor.service
Projects that have there own puppet master will first need to add the public key of the puppet master to puppet to ensure that the db server can accept uploads. for this you will need to add something like the following to hieradata/cloud/eqiad1/puppet-diffs/hosts/pcc-db1001.yaml
puppet_compiler::uploader::realms:
 deployment-prep: # This should be the name of the horizon project
 # The below key should be the hostname of the puppet master.
 # The value should be the content of the puppet host public key
 # cat $(sudo facter -p puppet_config.hostpubkey)
 deployment-puppetmaster04: |
 -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
 MIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEApuxohaA21d8YqF5vVEIB
 06kvvEeLYsHdge3CHBwS4JVMspoXkzVDHbjbCLXMRMAJ9xy3HbsGFcE0MSr17oF2
 YMACKUidt0nNdjTUJZ8wYYWa3YqRIfUhV7C7FDCclKw9Vj73Up1BwdJMC0/S1te9
 pfHbo6nRwJDATEA1UyxgWBmUnJmqevLUvygppYeEb6IcjPhJGRia1jnK3VzNgyW8
 vRr6dbx9qZjvoY/KNMCFRrjvIxk7QUJfwxg1ZlJ8drwkm0vgKDmIN8l4zXAdPkgf
 WPRp2lpanS0vqHHILnl1UlHHf4kM7Q3H6y8QQN1OQfx4VuQIOHX5rLb8OPMdkiA4
 NQSMpWiSzJI5uUnyZm0unzu3F8d6VSAN/kgtEMnnpKA7FVCuFThW0zQGtVHz9QQn
 jE1BodAATdGmsOR4cukdfZxtYOuYmWFQsyHmvgcYaO/LXfe4tjpllhWnvPQpz48k
 8TGvctenbQH/HSo/3yFsYKMFoFGTuyWiL68hv2Ot5ZtgmxPhtTCtoEmIajvYe8k1
 EH0CKL44wBQOUmOAlHdROwQauZsqa8bXQTMEzZ8k6lXz06lGY0frhngbR53naEnY
 C0gyRPFAn46QOzOJQgzMneMSVp7IN05i4IYW/1kiQOT7Ks22UEJyZhXYpTkTnuQ6
 2jK3v7JNqnd3yHHg/iCdroUCAwEAAQ==
 -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
Once the above has been updated you can add role:


is equivalent to a variant of pathwidth called connected pathwidth. We prove that connected pathwidth is fixed parameter tractable, in particular we design a $2^{O(k^2)}\cdot n$ time algorithm that checks whether the connected pathwidth of $G$ is at most $k.$ This resolves an open question by [Dereniowski, Osula, and Rzążewski, Finding small-width connected path-decompositions in polynomial time. Theor. Comput. Sci., 794:85–100, 2019}]. For our algorithm, we enrich the typical sequence technique that is able to deal with the connectivity demand. Typical sequences have been introduced in [Bodlaender and Kloks. Efficient and constructive algorithms for the pathwidth and treewidth of graphs. J. Algorithms, 21(2):358–402, 1996}] for the design of linear parameterized algorithms for treewidth and pathwidth. While this technique has been later applied to other parameters, none of its advancements was able to deal with the connectivity demand, as it is a «global» demand that concerns an unbounded number of parts of the graph of unbounded size. The proposed extension is based on an encoding of the connectivity property that is quite versatile and may be adapted so to deliver linear parameterized algorithms for the connected variants of other width parameters as well. An immediate consequence of our result is a $2^{O(k^2)}\cdot n$ time algorithm for the monotone and connected version of the edge search number.
Joint work with Mamadou Moustapha Kanté and Dimitrios M. Thilikos
14 mai 2020
Weighted proper orientations of trees and graphs of bounded treewidth
Given a simple graph $G$, a weight function $w:E(G)\rightarrow \mathbb{N} \setminus \{0\}$, and an orientation $D$ of $G$, we define $\mu^-(D) = \max_{v \in V(G)} w_D^-(v)$, where $w^-_D(v) = \sum_{u\in N_D^{-}(v)}w(uv)$. We say that $D$ is a \emph{weighted proper orientation} of $G$ if $w^-_D(u) \neq w^-_D(v)$ whenever $u$ and $v$ are adjacent. We introduce the parameter {\em weighted proper orientation number} of $G$, denoted by $\overrightarrow{\chi}(G,w)$, which is the minimum, over all weighted proper orientations $D$ of $G$, of $\mu^-(D)$. When all the weights are equal to 1, this parameter is equal to the {\em proper orientation number} of $G$, which has been object of recent studies and whose determination is NP-hard in general, but polynomial-time solvable on trees. We prove that the equivalent decision problem of the weighted proper orientation number (i.e., $\overrightarrow{\chi}(G,w) \leq k?$) is (weakly) NP-complete on trees but can be solved by a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm whose running time depends on $k$. Furthermore, we present a dynamic programming algorithm to determine whether a general graph $G$ on $n$ vertices and treewidth at most $tw$ satisfies $\overrightarrow{\chi}(G,w) \leq k$, running in time ${\cal O}(2^{tw^2}\cdot k^{3tw}\cdot tw \cdot n)$, and we complement this result by showing that the problem is $W[1]$-hard on general graphs parameterized by the treewidth of $G$, even if the weights are polynomial in $n$.
09 janvier 2020
Andreas Schmid ()
A New Approach for the Maximum Planar Subgraph Problem
A cactus graph is a graph in which any two cycles are edge-disjoint. We present a constructive proof of the fact that any plane graph G contains a cactus subgraph C where C contains at least a 1/6 fraction of the triangular faces of G. We also show that this ratio cannot be improved by showing a tight lower bound. Together with an algorithm for linear matroid parity, our bound implies two approximation algorithms for computing "dense planar structures" inside any graph:
(i) A 1/6 approximation algorithm for, given any graph G, finding a planar subgraph with a maximum number of triangular faces; this improves upon the previous 1/11-approximation;
(ii) An alternate (and arguably more illustrative) proof of the 4/9 approximation algorithm for finding a planar subgraph with a maximum number of edges.
Our bound is obtained by analyzing a natural local search strategy and heavily exploiting the exchange arguments. Therefore, this suggests the power of local search in handling problems of this kind.
19 décembre 2019
Marc Heinrich (University of Leeds, School of Computing, United Kingdom)
Counting independent sets in strongly orderable graphs
We are interested in counting problems which consists in computing the number of solutions to a given instance of the problem. This kind of question has strong connexions, in particular in the case of independent sets, with problems from statistical physics and what is called the hard core distribution. As many counting problems, counting exactly the number of independent sets of a graphs is difficult (i.e., _TAG_-complete) even on bipartite graphs, and even difficult to approximate for general graphs. On the other hands, it was shown to be polynomial time solvable for more restricted classes of graphs such as chordal graphs, cographs or monotone bipartite graphs. We show that the number of independent sets can also be computed in polynomial time for strongly orderable graphs which is a super-class of chordal bipartite and strongly chordal graphs.
This is joint work with Haiko Muller.
12 décembre 2019
Dimitrios Thilikos (LIRMM, Algco)
Hitting Topological Minor Models in Planar Graphs is Fixed Parameter Tractable
For a finite collection of graphs ${\cal F}$, the ${\cal F}$-TM-Deletion problem has as input an $n$-vertex
graph $G$ and an integer $k$ and asks whether there exists a set $S \subseteq V(G)$ with $|S| \leq k$ such that $G \setminus S$ does not contain any of the graphs in ${\cal F}$ as a topological minor. We prove that for every such ${\cal F}$, ${\cal F}$-TM-Deletion
is fixed parameter tractable on planar graphs. In particular, we provide an $f(h,k)\cdot n^{2}$ algorithm where $h$ is an upper bound to the vertices of the graphs in ${\cal F}$.
Joint work with Petr A. Golovach and Giannos Stamoulis
06 novembre 2019
Uéverton S. Souza (Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil)
Computing the largest bond of a graph
A bond of a graph G is an inclusion-wise minimal disconnecting set of G, i.e., bonds are cut-sets that determine cuts [S, V \ S] of G such that G[S] and G[V \ S] are both connected. Given s,t \in V(G), an st-bond of G is a bond whose removal disconnects s and t. Contrasting with the large number of studies related to maximum cuts, there are very few results regarding the largest bond of general graphs. In this paper, we aim to reduce this gap on the complexity of computing the largest bond and the largest st-bond of a graph. Although cuts and bonds are similar, we remark that computing the largest bond of a graph tends to be harder than computing its maximum cut. We show that Largest Bond remains NP-hard even for planar bipartite graphs, and it does not admit a constant-factor approximation algorithm, unless P = NP. We also show that Largest Bond and Largest st-Bond on graphs of clique-width w cannot be solved in time f(w) × n^{o(w)} unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis fails, but they can be solved in time f(w) × n^{O(w)}. In addition, we show that both problems are fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the size of the solution, but they do not admit polynomial kernels unless NP \subseteq coNP/poly.
Joint work with Gabriel L. Duarte, Daniel Lokshtanov, Lehilton L. C. Pedrosa, and Rafael C. S. Schouery.
26 septembre 2019
Petr A. Golovach ()
Parameterized Low-Rank Binary Matrix Approximation
(joint work with Fedor V. Fomin and Fahad Panolan)
We provide a number of algorithmic results for the following family of problems: For a given binary m\times n matrix A and integer k, decide whether there is a ''simple'' binary matrix B which differs from A in at most k entries. For an integer r, the ''simplicity'' of B is characterized as follows.
- Binary r-Means: Matrix B has at most r different columns. This problem is known to be NP-complete already for r=2. We show that the problem is solvable in time 2^{O(k\log k)}(nm)^{O(1)} and thus is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by k. We prove that the problem admits a polynomial kernel when parameterized by r and k but it has no polynomial kernel when parameterized


Sweden Stockholm Hammarby
There's a lot of talk about eco-cities and we've mentioned at least two of them (Dongtan + Masdar).Â But an unassuming Swedish suburb, known as Hammarby SjÃ¶stad, has received high praises as a legitimate sustainable community.Â In Hammarby SjÃ¶stad, houses use half the energy and water than normal Swedish properties.Â Plus, all the homes are built to sustainable standards and will house roughly 25,000 people by 2015 (11,000 units).
In this community, families live in apartments, prefabrication is the norm rather than the exception, and buildings are going up at an unusually quick pace.Â Also, rather than using a natural, pristine greenfield site for development, the community is built on a former industrial and harbor brownfield site.Â Suburb of the future?
The model, or eco-cycle model, used to handle energy, waste, and water is known as the Hammarby Model (pdf – image below).Â This models shows how sewage processing and energy systems interact and how refuse is handled.Â It also illustrates the added-values society gains from modern sewage and waste processing systems.
What's more, the public transportation system has helped decrease car use by 10% — early planning and integration prevented residents from getting used to cars.Â We're talking about a city that considers every aspect of life and pushes the envelope on sustainable development.
See more at CoolTown Studios + Building UK.Â Image Credit:Â Hammarby SjÃ¶stad.


Pasting in Chicks – Causes, Prevention & Treatment
Baby chicks go through a lot before you get them home. They are hatched, shipped, and stocked at your favorite feed or pet store where they encounter all the hustle and bustle of a retail environment. Then you select them, transport them yet again and bring them to another new environment. For a baby animal that is only a few days old, that can mean a lot of stress, and stress can greatly impact the health of young chicks.
One of the most notable problems in chicks that are stressed is pasting. This problem (also called "pasty butt" or "poopy butt") is what happens when feces that are not the right consistency get stuck to the bird and can "paste" the vent (area where feces are excreted) closed. Left untreated, this problem, which on the surface just seems a little gross, can actually be fatal. Pasting can be caused by a few key triggers.
At the hatchery, chicks are not fed or watered since they are equipped to live on the yolk reserves inside their bodies for the two to three days it takes to ship them to their final destination. When they arrive they are thirsty and hungry and impulse for us is to place feeders and waterers immediately. However, one important step in preventing pasting is making sure that the baby birds in the brooder are all drinking before they are given food. When placing chicks in the brooder, have your waterer set up but do not place the feed right away. As each bird goes into the brooder, dip the beak into the waterer so they can get a small drink and also learn where their water source is. Watch your birds carefully at first, when you feel that all birds have found the water and had a good drink you can add the feed, but not before. This will prevent the birds from filling up on feed and not going to water like they should. Without water in their system, they cannot correctly digest their food, which leads to pasting.
Incorrect brooder temprature is also another scenario that can lead to pasting. If birds are
Baby chicks are under a lot of stress during the first weeks of life.
too warm they will dehydrate quickly, and chilled birds are highly stressed - both these conditions can result in pasting. Keeping waterers clean and water fresh is also essential – this will increase water consumption which is the best defense against pasting.
Identifying this problem is relatively easy for all the reasons you'd expect: chicks will have a build up of feces around the vent area, alerting you that they have a problem. Treating pasting can be unpleasant, but it is not difficult or costly. All you need is some warm water and latex gloves as well as lots of patience. Take the affected bird and gently try and swab the feces from the vent area. Using a wet paper towel works well; for extreme cases you may need to hold the vent area under lukewarm (not hot) running water. Sitting the chick in a mug or bowl of lukewarm water is also another option to loosen the feces before wiping them away. The main goal is to clear the vent area so the bird can resume defecating normally. After you have cleaned the bird up, applying some sort of lubricant, like vaseline, to the affected area can help prevent further problems. Closely monitor all your chicks for the first several weeks of life so you can catch signs of pasting and treat it quickly!


Susie Lowndes
Shared Lines: Wellington 2017 & Shared Lines: Kaikōura 2019 exhibiting artist
Susie Lowndes was born in Adelaide, South Australia but spent her childhood living between the Gold Coast and the UK. At various times her family moved to England (where her parents were from) and she schooled in both places. Life in England seemed to be of stark contrast to Australia.
Perhaps as a result of this dual existence, a fascination with dichotomies and an engagement of opposition has been a consistent theme throughout the work of S.Lowndes. The exploration of the dual existence of a particular state of being, a set of beliefs or aesthetic, alongside its antithesis: the idea that one requires its direct opposite in order to exist has prevailed.
As an adult, she chose to move back to England from Australia and then eventually visited and settled in New Zealand. She has studied painting and fine art in Brisbane, London and Wellington and now resides in the foothills of the Kaikoura Ranges.
She has exhibited in Brisbane, London, Auckland and Wellington.
Dichotomy: something with seemingly contradictory qualities.
Through studies in Brisbane and London, my earlier work seeks to achieve a level of technical competency and is thorough in its exploration of the western conventions of painting. The work aims to engage the viewer through its representative, emotive and technical qualities and focuses on the individual, animal or nature.
Between 2014 and 2017, after receiving a postgraduate scholarship to further my fine art studies, I sought polarity and the work has evolved markedly. Instead of working within the Western conventions of painting, born largely from the Renaissance period, the notion of anti-vision is explored and paint was utilised as material only. It no longer had the job of representation.
The conventions of representation, realism, composition and perspective were ignored. The idea that a painting consists of an identifiable figure or object painted upon a ground is removed and atmospheric depth has been eradicated. In fact, the strongest endeavour to embark upon the exploration of the antithesis of these conventions has been realised. There is no reference to anything outside of the work and meaning lies only within the work. The resulting ambiguity invites the viewer to engage in the process of trying to unravel and make sense of how the work was created. There is no longer an obvious timeline to the painting process, that is, background painted, a mark or figure placed on top, but instead figure and ground are in a state of flux and are constantly shifting. They become one another. Figure, shape or line, is created not by painting upon an existing surface but is produced by ruptures within the surface. Painting is, at this point, no longer an aesthetic pursuit, but an intellectual one. It no longer seeks to represent nature but explores the cultural notion of challenging what has been before.
In order to reach the realisation of this current work, a contradistinction has been made to previous learnings and these works can only exist because of them.


text:
- Applicants must have successfully completed a bachelor's degree prior to enrollment from an accredited college or university in the United States.
- Students must submit the completed application found online.
- Send one official copy of academic transcripts from all institutions attended.
- Send a written statement of professional goals.
- Two letters of recommendation
Other Important Information
- West Chester University's MS Criminal Justice program provides a high quality advanced education to both full-time and part-time students.
- Prospective Students
- Current Students


text:
Doctors have found that Ebola can linger in some male survivors for up to nine months but aren't sure if that means they might still be infectious, according to new research. In a study of 93 men in Sierra Leone, scientists found the Ebola virus in semen samples from about half of them. The risk seemed to decline over time. Ebola was detected in all nine men tested at two to three months after their illness began but in only 11 of the 43 survivors tested at seven to nine months.
Researchers aren't sure why Ebola remains in semen as opposed to other bodily fluids and don't know if the lingering virus might sicken others. More


text:
Total and ADNOC Make CO2 Emission Reduction Deal
Total (NYSE: TOT) has revealed that it has signed an agreement with the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) to explore joint research, development and deployment partnership opportunities in the areas of CO2 emission reductions and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS).
The agreement brings together the best-in-class in low carbon technologies from Total and ADNOC and expands on the long-standing partnership and collaboration between the two leading energy producers across the full value chain, Total said in a statement posted on its website recently.
Under the terms of the deal, Total and ADNOC will jointly explore opportunities to reduce CO2 emissions, improve energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy for oil and gas operations. In the area of CCUS the companies will further develop joint research into new technologies covering carbon capture, storage solutions and enhanced oil recovery projects based on CO2 usage, according to Total.
"We are very pleased to start this new cooperation with ADNOC, our long-term partner in the United Arab Emirates," Patrick Pouyanne, the chairman and chief executive officer of Total, said in a company statement.
"This initiative will allow the two companies to join forces in several domains such as the reduction of carbon emissions on industrial sites, improvement of the energy efficiency in operations, and the development of innovative solutions and business models towards the CCUS chain," he added.
"This is a perfect example of Total's commitment to leverage its global presence and expertise to act towards its 2050 net-zero ambition alongside its long-standing key partners," Pouyanne continued.
Commenting on the deal, Ahmed Al Jaber, ADNOC's CEO, said, "we are pleased to strengthen our partnership and alliance with Total as we work towards a low carbon future".
"The agreement builds on our sustainability goal to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity by 25 percent by 2030 and reinforces ADNOC's commitment to responsible oil and gas production as we deliver on our 2030 smart growth strategy," he added.
"We look forward to leveraging this expertise and collaborating with Total to further research and develop low carbon technologies and sustainable growth opportunities," the ADNOC CEO went on to say.
According to Total, the company currently collaborates with ADNOC across the full value chain, from offshore and onshore exploration, development and production of oil and gas, to gas processing and liquefaction, products marketing, including R&D and National Talent development.
To contact the author, email _EMAIL_
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
Generated by readers, the comments included herein do not reflect the views and opinions of Rigzone. All comments are subject to editorial review. Off-topic, inappropriate or insulting comments will be removed.


text:
Yes, there are underground canals in New Orleans. The city's canal system is made up of a network of underground and above-ground channels that were built in the 19th century to help control flooding and to transport goods.
The most well-known of these underground canals is the New Basin Canal. It was built in the 1830s to connect the city with Lake Pontchartrain, and it was used to transport goods and people to and from the city. The canal is now mostly filled in, but a portion of it still exists underground and it's visible in some places such as the City Park.
Another underground canal is the Carondelet Canal, it was built in the 1820s to connect the city with the Mississippi River. The canal was used to transport goods and people, but it was also used to drain swampy land and to control flooding. The canal is mostly filled in, but a section of it still exists underground and can be seen near the intersection of Canal Street and Elk Place.
In summary, there are underground canals in New Orleans, the most well-known is the New Basin Canal and the Carondelet Canal, both were built in the 19th century to help control flooding and to transport goods, they're mostly filled in but some portions of them still exist underground and can be seen in some places in the city.


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By Carlo Gabasio, Mountain Guide Tike Saab.
|During winter months many climbers turn their attention to ice climbing. Words such as verglas, cauliflower and brittle ice immediately spring to mind, but while this jargon is quickly learnt, true understanding of these different types of ice comes about only after much time climbing outdoors, acquiring knowledge.
Experience counts for a great deal and is of vital importance, since the vast majority of ice climbs are traditional are need to be equipped with runners and belays. These climbs are distinctly more demanding than pure rock climbs at a crag equipped with bolts and abseil chains.
This short article analyses how to correctly construct belays on ice.
Where to position the belay
Locating the correct place to position the belay is fundamental for the climbers safety. The following factors need to be considered:
1- the quality of the ice, so as to guarantee maximum anchor strength
2- the position of the belay, bearing in mind objective dangers (falling rocks or ice) and the line of ascent.
A good belay stance should be on compact ice, at the edge of the icefall and off centre compared to the following pitch so as to avoid falling ice from the lead climber.
Types of belay stance
1 Semi-mobile ice screw belay
2 Threaded belay (Abalakoff or Abalakov)


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By purchasing your pond components from a reputable distributor, like Keystone Hatcheries, you will be able to avoid using products that are unsafe for fish and other aquatic life. An example would be Pond Liners. Our Pond Guard Liners, made by Firestone, are specifically designed for use in fish ponds. A very similar E.P.D.M. roofing liner is available for less, but it leaches toxic compounds into the water, which can harm fish and plants.
However, there are other things to consider that you don't always buy from a pond store. When building your pond, never use metal components unless they are Stainless Steel or Titanium. You can get by with some Aluminum components but always avoid Copper, Brass & Galvanized. These materials give off Heavy Metal ions (mainly copper and Zinc) that are very toxic to fish. An ingredient in water conditioners called E.D.T.A will neutralize heavy metals that get in via water lines, but if there are metals containing copper or zinc exposed in your pond, the accumulation could exceed what the conditioner can absorb and a fish kill could result. Also, improperly treated concrete leaches alkaline compounds into the water that increases the pH and can cause Alkalosis. If you are not sure of a building material, ask a pond professional.


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Professor of Applied Mathematics
10 West 32nd Street, Chicago, IL 60616 (email)
A study of static deformations and free vibration of shear flexible isotropic and laminated composite plates is presented. A layerwise theory for laminated or sandwich plates is used. The analysis is based on a new numerical scheme, where collocation by radial basis functions is viewed as a pseudospectral method to produce highly accurate results. A cross-validation technique is used to optimize the shape parameter for the basis functions. Numerical results for symmetric laminated composite and sandwich plates are presented and discussed.


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"Resonance: The Journey of Talha Anjum"
"Resonance: The Journey of Talha Anjum" is an autobiographical account that takes readers through the life and career of Talha Anjum, a Pakistani pop star. It explores his upbringing, musical influences, and the challenges he faced in pursuing his passion for music. The story showcases Talha's evolution as an artist, his commitment to using music as a tool for social change, and his personal growth along the way. The autobiography highlights Talha's determination to defy expectations and push the boundaries of his artistry. It delves into his collaborations with diverse artists, his exploration of new musical styles, and his commitment to embracing evolution. Through his journey, Talha discovers the power of music not only as a form of self-expression but also as a vehicle for raising awareness about social issues and inspiring positive change. The story also delves into Talha's personal growth and the importance of self-care and mental well-being in the midst of a demanding industry. It explores his pursuit of inner peace, incorporating practices such as meditation, yoga, and mindfulness to maintain balance and happiness. As Talha's career progresses, he becomes increasingly aware of the legacy he wants to leave behind. He focuses on nurturing the next generation of musicians, supporting aspiring artists, and promoting music education in underserved communities. Talha's dedication to leaving a positive impact is showcased through his charitable endeavors and his belief in the transformative power of music to heal, unite, and inspire. Overall, "Resonance: The Journey of Talha Anjum" is a story of artistic growth, social consciousness, and personal transformation. It emphasizes the power of music to transcend boundaries, connect people, and make a difference in the world.
Chapter 1: A Musical Prelude
I was born into a world where melodies intertwined with the beats of my heart. From a young age, I discovered solace and inspiration within the realm of music. Growing up in Pakistan, a land rich in cultural diversity, I was exposed to a tapestry of sounds that would shape my destiny.
Chapter 2: Notes of Discovery
As I entered my teenage years, my passion for music intensified. I found solace in the hip-hop genre, which allowed me to express my thoughts, emotions, and observations about the world around me. With each passing day, my desire to create my own unique musical identity grew stronger.
Chapter 3: The Genesis of a Star
The dawn of my musical career arrived when I joined the rap group "Young Stunners." Together with my talented companions, we embarked on a journey to redefine Pakistani music and revolutionize the local rap scene. Our infectious energy and thought-provoking lyrics resonated with the youth, breathing new life into the industry.
Chapter 4: Chasing Dreams
The path to success was not without its challenges. We faced skepticism and criticism from those who believed that rap music had no place in Pakistan. However, we persisted, channeling our passion and determination into our craft. We honed our skills, wrote captivating lyrics, and perfected our performances, slowly but surely winning over skeptics.
Chapter 5: The Beat Goes On
With each passing year, our popularity soared. Our music became a voice for the voiceless, addressing social issues and shedding light on the struggles faced by the youth. Collaborations with renowned artists and successful album releases propelled our career to new heights, cementing our place as pioneers of Pakistani rap music.
Chapter 6: Beyond Borders
Our music transcended borders, resonating with listeners around the globe. I had the privilege of representing Pakistan on international stages, connecting with diverse audiences and sharing the rich tapestry of our culture. The experience broadened my horizons and instilled in me a deep sense of pride for my roots.
Chapter 7: The Legacy Continues
As time passed, I realized that my purpose extended beyond music. I wanted to inspire the next generation of artists, to create a platform for them to express themselves authentically. I established mentorship programs and music academies, nurturing budding talents and providing them with the tools they needed to succeed.
Chapter 8: A Life in Harmony
Reflecting on my journey, I am grateful for the opportunities, challenges, and triumphs that have shaped me into the artist and individual I am today. Music has been my refuge, my way of navigating the complexities of life. It has allowed me to touch hearts, ignite change, and create connections that transcend borders and languages.
Epilogue: Echoes of a Legacy
As I continue to evolve as an artist and a person, my commitment to music remains steadfast. I hope that my story serves as an inspiration to others, encouraging them to chase their dreams, defy expectations, and create their own unique melodies in the symphony of life.
"Resonance: The Journey of Talha Anjum" is an intimate autobiography that delves into the life of a Pakistani pop star, recounting his upbringing, struggles, and triumphs in the music industry. It is a testament to the power of passion, perseverance, and the ability of music to transcend boundaries and touch souls.


text: Semi-structured interviews are a widely used technique in development research. Unlike formal interviews, which follow a rigid format of set questions, semi-structured interviews focus on specific themes but cover them in a conversational style. They are often the best way for learning about the motivations behind people's choices and behaviour, their attitudes and beliefs, and the impacts on their lives of specific policies or events. And they often provide valuable information that wasn't anticipated by the researcher. Whether you are interviewing a ministry official, a farm worker, or a head teacher, there are tips and techniques for getting the most from the conversation.


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GSCE Maths: Proofs of Pythagoras' therom lesson
Last updated 27 March 2013, created 05 June 2011, viewed 3,756
Although presented as a demonstration, the key point of the geometric exercise is that pupils construct their own copy with paper, pencil and a pair of scissors.
They should also be invited to discuss and construct the algebraic proof, preferably in pairs or small groups.
A 'click and watch& More…#39; approach will not enable pupils to gain a deep understanding of either proof.


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The antioxidant effects of the hydro-alcoholic guaraná extract (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis Mart.) on nitric oxide (NO) and other compounds generated from the degradation of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in an embryonic fibroblast culture (NIH-3T3 cells) were evaluated. The guaraná bioactive compounds were initially determined by high-performance liquid chromatography: caffeine=12.240 mg/g, theobromine=6.733 mg/g and total catechins=4.336 mg/g. Cells were exposed to 10 μM SNP during a 6 h period because the cells exhibited >90% mortality at this concentration. Guaraná was added to the cultures in five concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL). The guaraná antioxidant effect was evaluated by viability assays, biochemical oxidation [lipid peroxidation, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity] and genotoxicity (DNA Comet assay) analysis. Additionally, oxidative stress was evaluated by a 2,7-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence assay. Guaraná reverted the SNP toxicity mainly at lower concentrations (<5 mg), which decreased cell mortality, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and cell oxidative stress as well as increased the SOD levels. These results demonstrate that guaraná has an antioxidant effect on NO metabolism in situations with higher cellular NO levels.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


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Abstract of: Language policy and use in the Lodz ghetto _PHONE_
The complex relationship between language and survival at individual and collective levels is manifested in the records which remain from the ghetto at Lodz. The ghetto was a highly multilingual community which functioned mainly trilingually in its administration. Language use focussed on survival and assisted in responding to this imperative by allowing the communication of hope and the expression of grief, both actual and anticipatory. The specialised functions of the seven major languages of the ghetto are considered. Some general conclusions about the fundamentality of language to human experience in extreme conditions are considered in the light of theorising about language and grief.
Return to The Issue 3 contents page | the main article | The WJMLL Home Page


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If you have ever tried to implement a recursive calculations in DAX similar to how you would have done it back in the good old days of MDX (see here) you would probably have come up with a DAX formula similar to the one below:
However, in DAX you would end up with the following error:
|A circular dependency was detected: 'Sales'[Sales ForeCast],'Sales'[Sales ForeCast].|
This makes sense as you cannot reference a variable within its own definition – e.g. X = X + 1 cannot be defined from a mathematical point of view (at least according to my limited math skills). MDX is somehow special here where the SSAS engine takes care of this recursion by taking the IF() into account.
So where could you possible need a recursive calculation like this? In my example I will do some very basic forecasting based on monthly growth rates. I have a table with my actual sales and another table for my expected monthly growth as percentages. If I do not have any actual sales I want to use my expected monthly growth to calculate my forecast starting with my last actual sales:
This is a very common requirement for finance applications, its is very easy to achieve in pure Excel but very though to do in DAX as you probably realized on your own what finally led you here
In Excel we would simply add a calculation like this and propagate it down to all rows:
(assuming column C contains your Sales, D your Planned Growth Rate and M is the column where the formula itself resides)
In order to solve this in DAX we have to completely rewrite our calculation! The general approach that we are going to use was already explained by Mosha Pasumansky some years back, but for MDX. So I adopted the logic and changed it accordingly to also work with DAX. I split down the solution into several steps:
1) find the last actual sales – April 2015 with a value of 35
2) find out with which value we have to multiply our previous months value to get the current month's Forecast
3) calculate the natural logarithm (DAX LN()-function) of the value in step 2)
4) Sum all values from the beginning of time until the current month
5) Raise our sum-value from step 4) to the power of [e] using DAX EXP()-function
6) do some cosmetic and display our new value if no actual sales exist and take care of aggregation into higher levels
Note: The new Office 2016 Preview introduces a couple of new DAX functions, including PRODUCTX() which can be used to combine the Steps 3) to 5) into one simple formula without using any complex LN() and EXP() combinations.
We can use this formula to get our last sales:
It basically checks if there are no [Sales] next month. If yes, we use the current [Sales]-value as our [Last Sales], otherwise we use a fixed value of 1 as a multiplication with 1 has no impact on the final result.
Get our multiplier for each month:
If we do not have any [Last Sales], we use our [Planned GrowthRate] to for our later multiplication/summation, otherwise take our [Last Sales]-value.
Step 3 and 4:
As we cannot use "Multiply" as our aggregation we first need to calculate the LN and sum it up from the first month to the current month:
Step 5 and 6:
If there are no actual sales, we display our calculated Forecast:
Note that we need to use SUMX over our Months here in order to also get correct subtotals on higher levels, e.g. Years. That's all the SUMX is necessary for, the IF itself should be self-explaining here.
The calculation is flexible enough to handle missing sales. So if for example we would only have sales for January, our recursion would start there and use the [Planned GrowthRate] already to calculate the February Forecast-value:
Quite handy, isn't it?
The sample-workbook (Excel 365) can be downloaded here: RecursiveCalculations.xlsx


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Wondering why there was a thick layer of fog over the city this morning and afternoon?
This fog is called advection fog. It forms as a warm, moist air mass settles over the cooler Lake Michigan waters. Hot and humid air (temps in the 90s, dew points in the 70s) just west of Chicago comes over the cool Lake Michigan waters (60s and low 70s) and forms fog. The near-surface air is cooled to the high dew point (in the 70s) and fog forms. Then, the lake breeze transports the fog from the lake back onto land.
The fog is concentrated at very low levels of the atmosphere, with the tops of the taller buildings likely experiencing temperatures in the 90s above the fog layer, because the relatively cool air off of Lake Michigan is quite shallow, the temperature is cooled to the dew point only at near-surface levels. Given the strength of the sun and mixing of higher temperatures just above the ground, the air temperatures even near Lake Michigan should slowly rise above the dew point and the fog will dissipate.
What does that mean? Even if you got a break from the heat from the fog…you will start to warm up again very soon.


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In her sculpture work, Anne Mondro has designed a metaphor for the close-knit relationships between medical patients and their caregivers. The artist practices a crochet hook and tinned copper wire to create realistic 3D models of the heart, depicting the human pulse—both literal and physical—within the healthcare system.
Over the ensuing years, Mondro has seen many tender relationships between the memory loss patients and their caregivers, and she tells,
"When you care for a loved one, the two of you become intertwined. You take on their vulnerabilities but also their strengths. As I thought about that relationship, it was important that these forms be tied together somehow."
The project's influence dates back to 2006 when Monroe first developed a course named Retaining Identity as a professor at the University of Michigan's Stamps School of Art and Design. The class matched students with persons with dementia via the U-M Geriatric Center, encouraging the artists to recognize the ways that creativity might provide an empowering, enlivening balm during times of illness.


RSS Feeds
Correction: Europe-Science Bonanza story
Thursday - 1/31/2013, 7:00pm ET
BRUSSELS (AP) -- In a story Jan. 28 about a European Union science award, The Associated Press reported erroneously that EUR1 billion euros was equivalent to $1.34 million. The correct conversion is that EUR1 billion euros equals $1.34 billion.
A corrected version of the story is below:
2 science projects win up to $1.3 billion each
European projects to model human brain, explore graphene win up to EUR1 B ($1.34 billion) each
Associated Press
BRUSSELS (AP) -- Two European science projects -- one to map the intricacies of the human brain, the other to explore the extraordinary carbon-based material graphene -- won an EU technology contest Monday, getting up to EUR1 billion ($1.34 billion) each over the next decade.
The projects were selected from 26 proposals.
In addition, the increased knowledge about how the brain works -- and how it manages billions of processing units and trillions of synapses while consuming no more power than a light bulb --may lead to "a paradigm shift for computing," the European Commission, the European Union's executive branch, said in a statement.
"The economic and industrial impact of such a shift is potentially enormous," the commission said.
"The pharmaceutical industry won't do this, computing companies won't do this -- there's too much fundamental science," Markram said. "This is one project which absolutely needs public funding."
Each of the projects will initially receive EUR54 million ($73 million) from the European Union's research budget, an amount that will be matched by national governments and other sources. Further funding will depend on whether they reach certain milestones within the first 30 months, but over a decade it could total EUR1 billion ($1.34 billion) each.
In this age of government austerity, the commission promised to monitor the projects carefully so they continue "to be an efficient use of taxpayers' money."
Don Melvin can be reached at.


text:
Irrigation equipment: Don't be shocked
The use of farm irrigation systems brings with it an increased risk of electrocution. Safe Electricity, a public awareness campaign created by the Urbana, IL-based Energy Education Council, urges workers to know and follow proper safety precautions to avoid electrical injuries when operating and handling watering systems.
Follow these rules to safely operate irrigation machinery systems:
- Make sure the irrigation system wiring is properly grounded. Have a qualified electrician check the pump and motor wiring before each irrigation season.
- Water and metal are ideal electrical conductors. Position irrigation pipes at least 15 feet from power lines. Keep water jet streams from spraying onto electrical lines.
- When not in use, store irrigation pipes in an open area away from power lines and other electrical equipment.
- Install lightning arresters to protect equipment, and stay away from the machine during any lightning activity. The pipe pedestals in an open field make perfect lightning receptors, and the water-filled piping can carry an electrical current for long distances.
- When assembling or transporting irrigation equipment, try to keep pipes parallel to the ground and move them horizontally rather than vertically to avoid contact with overhead power lines.
- Repeated circuit breaker trips or blown fuses during operation could indicate a serious electrical hazard and should be professionally checked and corrected.
- When servicing the machine, always shut off and lock out the master electric control switch.


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Postal workers in Ramat Gan have refused to deliver thousands of copies of Hebrew-language Christian materials, including copies of the New Testament. They asserted that distributing the materials would violate Jewish law because it would be proselytizing. Israeli law does not prevent the dissemination of written materials.
It was not clear who mailed the materials. The Israel Postal Company said that as a government entity, it had no right to control what it can or cannot distribute and would therefore ensure that the materials were distributed.1


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The following picture show a path geometry in Direct2D, it contains 5 segments, each segment is a straight line, my request is that, given such a hill, i want to get all the 5 lines.
enter image description here
but it seems there is no related API can get the segments of a path geometry in Direct2D, I see the ID2D1PathGeometry interface provide a method GetSegmentCount, if we can not get the segments, why Microsoft provide this method?
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3 Answers 3
up vote 1 down vote accepted
You can do this with ID2D1PathGeometry::Stream(). You will have to write a class that implements ID2D1GeometrySink. You may find it useful to implement this in a generalized sense such that instead of looking for the exact data that you need now, it can pump out an object tree. If you need an example for what type of object model to use, look no further than WPF's System.Windows.Media.Geometry ( _URL_ ).
You can also easily convert from those classes back to ID2D1PathGeometry, and use whichever is most comfortable or appropriate for any situation. I've written both conversions and found it to be pretty straightforward once I realized they were using the same "language." I especially found that it helped to organize my understanding as to the difference between "figures" and "segments."
share|improve this answer

Thanks for your reply, but, this does not suit for my request, if I implement ID2D1GeometrySink, I need to build up the path geometry myself in order to get the segments, but, my path geometry was not build by myself, I got it from another function. – zdd Oct 12 '12 at 9:10

If that's not what you're looking for then I'm not even sure I understand what you're asking for ... you asked for something to give you the segments of a path geometry, and that's exactly what that does! You can also use ID2D1Geometry::Simplify to stream any geometry into an ID2D1SimplifiedGeometrySink. – Rick Brewster Oct 20 '12 at 21:26

Thanks Rick, I want to state my request once more, I want to get the segments of a path geometry,that's the lines, arcs and curves which compose the path geometry, my example above only contains lines, I am sorry if that's confused you. I have no chance to implement the interface you mentioned, since I get the path geometry from this function GetGlyphRunOutline. The ID2D1Geometry::Simplify method only get the Geometry Sink, not the segments. am I clear now? – zdd Oct 21 '12 at 0:43

Yes, you were already clear, and that's exactly what I answered. – Rick Brewster Oct 30 '12 at 18:33

To further clarify this, look at methods like ID2D1SimplifiedGeometrySink::AddBeziers(). Each 'add' method is basically just a command saying "hey here's a new segment for the current figure." And that's where you get the segments. In your case you're specifically interested in when AddLines() gets called. It sounds like you have a path geometry which contains 1 figure, which then contains 1 segment, and that segment is a "poly line segment" which just has the points for the polygon. Honestly it makes a lot more sense if you look at the WPF object model for this :) – Rick Brewster Oct 31 '12 at 0:18
If you have a PathGeometry, then using PathGeometry::Stream() is good.
However, if you have a basic Geometry and you want to accomplish the same, then you can do the following:
 1. Implement your own GeometrySink to "catch" the geometry components
 2. Create an empty PathGeometry
 3. Use Geometry::Combine to combine (union) your geometry with the empty geometry.
The results will be deposited in your GeometrySink.
share|improve this answer

The ID2D1Geometry::Simplify() method is probably preferable to doing a union with empty geometry. – Rick Brewster Dec 17 '12 at 19:20
1
ID2D1Geometry::Simplfy() gives an undesirable effect of putting holes when shapes overlap. Combine (union) does not. – Matt Houser Dec 18 '12 at 18:17

Interesting. I'll have to keep that in mind if I see anything like that! – Rick Brewster Dec 18 '12 at 18:37
implement a class named SpecializedSink that inherits from the ID2D1SimplifiedGeometrySink interface, the extended AddLines method called by ID2D1Geometry::Simplify to retrieves the geometry data.
suggest you read the [example for retrieve data from geometry] _URL_ by extending ID2D1SimplifiedGeometrySink.
share|improve this answer

I have no chance to call AddLines, I get the path geometry from another API, I didn't build up it myself. – zdd Dec 16 '12 at 3:38
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Association Between Respiratory Alkalosis and the Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients
Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Apr 26:8:564635. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.564635. eCollection 2021.
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with or without respiratory alkalosis, and analyze the relationship of respiratory alkalosis and the outcome of adult coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of adult COVID-19 patients in a single center in China, were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve and cox regression were adopted to analyze the association between respiratory alkalosis and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Results: Of 230 adult COVID-19 patients, 66 patients (28.7%) had respiratory alkalosis on admission. Of 66 patients, the median age was 53 years old (range, 21-84 years), and 43 (65.2%) were female. Compared with those without respiratory alkalosis, patients with respiratory alkalosis were significantly older (P = 0.002), had a higher proportion of female (P = 0.004), and showed higher ratios of underlying diseases including hypertension (P = 0.023) and cardiovascular disease (P = 0.028). Moreover, they demonstrated higher proportion of severe events (P = 0.001). Patients with respiratory alkalosis had a higher possibility of developing severe events compared with those without respiratory alkalosis (Log Rank P = 0.001). After adjusting for gender, age, and comorbidities, patients with respiratory alkalosis still showed significantly elevated risks of developing to severe cases (HR 2.445, 95% CI 1.307-4.571, P = 0.005) using cox regression analyses. Conclusions: Respiratory alkalosis as a common acid-base disorder in COVID-19 patients, was associated with a higher risk of developing severe event.
Keywords: COVID-19; acid-base disorder; biomarker; respiratory alkalosis; severity.