text:
Christopher Norton's highly acclaimed Microjazz has won worldwide popularity with teachers and players alike. Its stimulating blend of contemporary popular genres and classical values makes it the ideal basis for progressive learning and teaching. "Microjazz for Trombone" is a collection of easy pieces in popular styles such as jazz, blues, rock-and-roll and reggae, arranged in progressive order of difficulty. Microjazz is the world-famous series of pieces based on classical technique yet using popular contemporary styles. Microjazz helps you develop musicianship and technique through the familiar sounds and styles of popular music. It is this unique combination of modern genres with traditional technique that has made Microjazz an international success with teachers and players, and one of the most widely used educational series ever published. New technology brings Microjazz alive and adds an exciting interactive dimension to practice and performance. Based on classical technique Microjazz is a great way to introduce rhythm and develop co-ordination skills whilst being fun for all ages and standards. A great motivator for the reluctant student the pieces are equally effective on acoustic or electronic instruments. The edition is part of the ABRSM syllabus (grade 5,6)
Instruments - Delivery is FREE within the UK for all instruments. This price you see is the price you pay.
(Instruments over £100 are always sent by our Express service, regardless of the service selected in the checkout.)
Sheet music, accessories & gifts - We offer 3 services:
|Hove||Out of Stock|
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We are one of the top suppliers of woodwind, brass and orchestral strings across Sussex and are main agents for most of the instruments we sell. We only list instruments we normally carry in stock.
Our instruments are fully checked and set up through our workshop to ensure perfect playing.
Really Easy Jazzin About: Trombone
Bluebone Bass Clef Trombone - Book And CD (Mitcham)
Jazz FX Trombone Bass Clef: Book & Cd (David Gale)
Jazzed Up Too: Trombone Bass Clef (parker)
All Jazzed Up: Trombone & Piano: Bass Clef: Book & Cd (ramskill)(Brasswind)
Latino: Trombone/Euphonium: Bk&cd : Easy/Medium: Bass Clef: Trombone & Piano
Jazzin About: Trombone
Jammin The Blues: How To Improvise: Bass Instruments
12 Medium Easy Jazz Blues & Funk Etudes: Bass Clef Instruments
Miles Davis: Omnibook: Bass Clef Edition
Take The Lead Plus: Jazz Standards: Bass Inst: Book & CD


Building Family Resilience
COVID-19 has had a major impact on families including job loss, reduced incomes, and online schooling.
'Building Family Resilience' was the theme for this week's Wellness Wednesdays, an initiative of the Division of Health, Wellness and Family Development (DHWFD).
Earlier today, DHWFD staffers, Senior Social Worker Nicola Carrington and Business Development Officer Jason Nancis, spoke on Tobago Channel 5's Rise and Shine about the pandemic's impact on wellness including a lack of socialization and, for some, a lack of resources.
A lot of persons would have experienced a sense of isolation. What this has done is make a lot of people feel withdrawn, hopeless, and it basically changed the way we started viewing other persons. A lot of people had to return to living with their parents and that changes the structure and dynamic of the family," said Carrington.
Apart from social changes, the health representatives also highlighted the economic effect of the pandemic. Nancis indicated that families had to move towards making the necessary shifts.
We have got to change or adapt some of the things we're accustomed doing into what we can now do, and that includes our finances. So, persons who may have lost their job, may not be able to afford going to the grocery every Friday, or the lavish meals, or the frivolities, the pizzas and the fried foods. So we really need to examine now, how do we separate needs from wants," said Nancis.
According to Carrington, families that bounce back after a crisis such as job loss or death, are showing resilience. She encouraged parents to lead by example as children are well aware of family dynamics.


Nikujaga from Just One Cookbook on Pinay In Texas Cooking Corner
1 large onion
1/2 carrot
2 medium potatoes
1/2 lb thinly sliced meat (usually beef or pork)
1 pkg shirataki noodles
A couple of snow peas/green beans/green peas for decoration, accenting green color.
1 Tbsp. vegetable oil
2 cup (500ml) dashi stock
4 Tbsp. mirin
4 Tbsp. soy sauce
2 Tbsp. sake
1 Tbsp. sugar
1. Make dashi stock.
3. Cut the potatoes into 4 wedges and smooth the edge of potatoes. If the pieces have sharp edges then they are likely to break into pieces during the cooking process from bumping into each other. We call this Japanese cutting technique mentori. Soak the potatoes in water to prevent from changing color.
4. Cut the sliced meat in half. Rinse and drain shirataki noodles.
7. In a large pot, heat oil on medium heat and sauté the onion.
9. Add the potatoes, carrots, and shirataki noodles.
10. Add dashi stock and Seasonings bring to a boil.
11. Once boiling, turn down the heat to medium and skim off the scum. Make sure all the ingredients are flat and most of ingredients are covered by the soup.
12. Place otoshibuta and simmer on medium heat for 10-15 minutes, or until vegetables are cooked. Otoshibuta is necessary to maintain the shape of the vegetables being stewed. Do not mix the ingredients while cooking; Otoshibuta will help the flavor circulate automatically.
Nikujaga tastes even better the second day so don't worry if you can' finish all the food.


GUI will subscribe to counterNotification events. When such event arrives, the action arguments
 # will be automatically refreshed, so the counter argument will be read from the variable and provided to a GUI.
 self.withFeatures({"cancelLabel":"Close", "refreshEvents":["counterNotification"]})
 def onProvideArgs(self, context):
 if "counter" in context.provide:
 context.provided["counter"] = ProvidedValue().withValue(sponge.getVariable("counter").get())
action call counter
Figure 26. Action with refresh events
3.6.4. Sending events
Events can be sent by the application using an action. Sponge provides a default, generic action for sending events GrpcApiSendEvent.
event send
Figure 27. Action that sends events
4. Advanced use cases
4.1. Sub-actions
Sub-actions provide references to actions associated with a parent entity (e.g. a parent action, a record). A sub-action is represented by the SubAction class.
Sub-actions support argument and result substitutions.
Table 1. Sub-action properties
Property Description
name
A sub-action name.
label
A sub-action label.
description
A sub-action description.
List<SubActionArg> args
Sub-action argument substitutions. An argument substitution is represented by the SubActionArg class. It can be added using the following methods: withArgs(List<SubActionArg> args), withArg(SubActionArg arg) and withArg(String target, String source).
SubActionResult result
A sub-action result substitution. A result substitution is represented by the SubActionResult class. It can be added using the following methods: withResult(SubActionResult result) and withResult(String target).
Map<String, Object> features
Sub-action features.
Table 2. Argument substitution properties
Property Description
String target
A target attribute name (i.e. an argument name of a sub-action).
String source
A source attribute (i.e. an argument name of a parent entity).
Map<String, Object> features
Argument substitution features.
Table 3. Result substitution properties
Property Description
String target
A target attribute for the result (i.e. a nargument name of a parent entity).
Map<String, Object> features
Result substitution features.
Table 4. Substitution keywords
Keyword Substitution Description
@this
argument source
In case of a sub-action for an action it is a record of all parent action arguments. In case of a record argument or a list element it is the value itself.
@this
result target
It represents all action arguments or a whole record value or a list element. If a sub-action returns null and the result substitution is @this, the result will be ignored.
@index
argument source
A list element index. Applies only for lists.
@parent
argument source
A whole list for a list element sub-actions. Applies only for lists.
@parent
result target
A whole list for a list element sub-actions. Applies only for lists.
4.1.1. Argument substitution
A target argument must have the same type as a source value. A source argument name could be a path if a source value is a record, e.g. "arg1.field1".
If a sub-action has any visible arguments, a new action call screen will be shown.
The sub-action related features are not propagated to a sub-action in an annotated value feature.
Sub-actions can use globally saved (in a mobile application) action arguments but only if there is no argument substitutions (i.e. there are no arguments passed from the main action). It is necessary to avoid inconsistency.
4.1.2. Result substitution
A sub-action result can be assigned to a parent action argument.
4.2. Context actions
Context actions are sub-actions that can be specified for an action, a record and a list element (see the list-details). Context actions should be specified as the contextActions feature statically for a type or an action or dynamically for an annotated value. The latter option takes precedence.
action context actions
Figure 28. The action with context actions
The definition of the action with context actions
class ActionWithContextActions(Action):
 def onConfigure(self):
 self.withLabel("Action with context actions").withArgs([
 StringType("arg1").withLabel("Argument 1"),
 StringType("arg2").withLabel("Argument 2")
 ]).withNoResult().withFeature("contextActions", [
 SubAction("ActionWithContextActionsContextAction1").withArg("arg", "@this"),
 SubAction("ActionWithContextActionsContextAction2").withArg("arg", "arg2"),
 SubAction("ActionWithContextActionsContextAction3").withArg("arg2", "arg2"),
 SubAction("ActionWithContextActionsContextAction4").withArg("arg1NotVisible", "arg1"),
 SubAction("ActionWithContextActionsContextAction5").withArg("arg", "@this"),
 SubAction("ActionWithContextActionsContextAction6").withArg("arg", "@this"),
 SubAction("MarkdownText")
 ])
 self.withFeature("icon", "attachment")
 def onCall(self, arg1, arg2):
 pass
class ActionWithContextActionsContextAction1(Action):
 def onConfigure(self):
 self.withLabel("Context action 1").withArgs([
 RecordType("arg").withFields([
 StringType("arg1").withLabel("Argument 1"),
 StringType("arg2").withLabel("Argument 2")
 ]).withFeature("visible", False)
 ]).withResult(StringType())
 self.withFeatures({"visible":False, "icon":"tortoise"})
 def onCall(self, arg):
 return arg["arg1"]
class ActionWithContextActionsContextAction2(Action):
 def onConfigure(self):
 self.withLabel("Context action 2").withArgs([
 StringType("arg").withLabel("Argument"),
 StringType("additionalText").withLabel("Additional text"),
 ]).withResult(StringType())
 self.withFeatures({"visible":False, "icon":"tortoise"})
 def onCall(self, arg, additionalText):
 return arg + " " + additionalText
class ActionWithContextActionsContextAction3(Action):
 def onConfigure(self):
 self.withLabel("Context action 3").withArgs([
 StringType("arg1").withLabel("Argument 1"),
 StringType("arg2").withLabel("Argument 2"),
 StringType("additionalText").withLabel("Additional text"),
 ]).withResult(StringType())
 self.withFeatures({"visible":False, "icon":"tortoise"})
 def onCall(self, arg1, arg2, additionalText):
 return arg1 + " " + arg2 + " " + additionalText
class ActionWithContextActionsContextAction4(Action):
 def onConfigure(self):
 self.withLabel("Context action 4").withArgs([
 StringType("arg1NotVisible").withLabel("Argument 1 not visible").withFeatures({"visible":False}),
 StringType("arg2").withLabel("Argument 2"),
 ]).withResult(StringType())
 self.withFeatures({"visible":False, "icon":"tortoise"})
 def onCall(self, arg1NotVisible, arg2):
 return arg1NotVisible + " " + arg2
class ActionWithContextActionsContextAction5(Action):
 def onConfigure(self):
 self.withLabel("Context action 5").withArgs([
 RecordType("arg").withFields([
 StringType(


text:
Magnet wires can be used in many fields. The key areas are to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, to convert electrical energy to electrical energy, and to convert mechanical to electrical energy. When you use wires to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, you can use Round Enameled Copper Wire to make a car. Therefore, you will find that many utility companies and households use this wire for their electrical control. When you must convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, you can use a generator to convert it through these wires. Therefore, electromagnetic wires are used in many communication devices, such as telephones and televisions, mobile phones and computers.
The insulating coating of the magnet wire is very thin and can be made of copper or aluminum. The main reason for this is to prevent short circuits. In order to buy this enameled wire in the market, you must choose reliable manufacturers, and these manufacturers must provide products that meet quality standards and have been properly tested. However, before buying wires from any manufacturer only, it is necessary to verify the company's credentials and check buyer reviews posted on other websites. You need to choose a supplier that provides a variety of wires for you to choose from, so that you can enjoy competitive prices. The important thing to remember is that manufacturing companies should only deliver those products that have been extensively tested and are deemed safe to use. You can compare Rectangular Enameled Copper Wire prices sold by different manufacturers to ensure you get the best price.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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DML Settings in Component
Hello,
Can someone please clarify me what is the exact difference between
propagate from neighbor and propagate through in the DML tab?
At times, I see both of them behave in the same way.
When to use which one? And what's the difference in their usage?
--
Thanks,
Sarkos
2 Replies
0
Mark this reply as the best answer?
(Choose carefully, this can't be changed)
Yes | No
Paul Watson replied Oct 8, 2011
Propagate from neighbor specifies that the port will take it's DML from the port to which it is connected.
Propagate through specifies that the input DML will be used as the output DML.
Please see the Ab Initio documentation helpfile section:
GDE Help > Working with graphs and plans > Creating graphs and plans > Setting layout and record format propagation
Some components do not permit the output port DML to be different than the input port. The SORT component must output the same record format as its input.
Other components such as ROLLUP almost always have differing input and output DML record formats.
A component like REFORMAT might or might not have different input and output DML record formats.
0
Mark this reply as the best answer?
(Choose carefully, this can't be changed)
Yes | No
Mantosh Kumar replied Oct 9, 2011
Hi,
I would like to add some add some points here:
*propagate from neighbor*-its always take DML from the component that is
connected to its input port.it can not take DMl from the component
that is connected to it's output port.
It can not be chosen, when you are embedding the DML directly in the
component( eg sometime as in reformat.)
When you are giving DML,path, then you would find it out that
"propagate through" is disabled but "propagate from neighbor" is
enabled even then.
For some component you can not choose *propagate from neighbor-eg
Normalize,input file,*
*Propagate through in the DML tab*--- is useful for writing the DML in
output port
Regards,
*Mantosh Kumar Dubey*
Pune
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text:
While there are plenty of language translator tools on the market today, how many can interpret American Sign Language movements?
Two students from the University of Washington have developed a pair of gloves that can do just that.
The invention, called "SignAloud," is a pair of gloves that can recognize hand gestures of the American Sign Language. Each glove is equipped with sensors that record hand position and movement and send data via Bluetooth to a central computer. The computer sifts through the gesture information and if the data match a gesture, the corresponding words are spoken to the user.
"Many of the sign language translation devices already out there are not practical for everyday use. Some use video input, while others have sensors that cover the user's entire arm or body," said Thomas Pryor, an undergraduate researcher in the Composite Structures Laboratory in the Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics.
The newly developed gloves are lightweight and can be used as an everyday accessory.
Pryor and co-creator Navid Azodi plan to target the deaf and hard-of-hearing community and those who want to work with the American Sign Language. However, they anticipate that the gloves could also be commercialized and used in other areas like medical technology, gesture control, and VR health treatments.
The duo just won a $10,000 Lemelson-MIT Student Prize for their invention.
Watch the demo below.
Story via University of Washington.
Comments are closed, but trackbacks and pingbacks are open.


text: Seeds and seedlings are the most critical stages of cacti life cycles. From the thousands of seeds produced in a reproductive season, only a small fraction successfully germinate, the rest are lost to predation, go dormant and remain viable in the seed bank or lose viability. These early stages often depend on facilitation by nurse plants for germination and seedling recruitment. We aim to prescribe actions for the conservation of Cephalocereus polylophus by improving recruitment in the population. The viability of seeds with different storage times was evaluated as an indicator of their potential to form a short-term seed bank. Through the analysis of seed germination and seedling survival under the canopy of two nurse plant species and open areas, we assessed the importance of facilitation for recruitment. A predator exclusion experiment evaluated the intensity of herbivory on seeds and seedlings of different ages. Seeds had germination rates above 90\% under laboratory conditions, even after two years of storage. Seed germination was only registered under one of the two nurses and after two years, up to 4 % of the seedlings planted under both nurse plants survived and protection against herbivores increased seedlings survival. Considering that facilitation and age are crucial for seedling survival of C. polylophus, future conservation programs should include the protection of plant communities and the introduction of seedlings instead of seeds.


text:
A unique 800-yr-long record of annual temperatures and precipitation over the south of western Siberia has been reconstructed from the bottomsediments of Teletskoye Lake, Altai Mountains using an X-ray fluorescence scanner (XRF) providing 0.1-mm resolution timeseries of elementalcomposition and X-ray density (XRD). Br content appears to be broadly correlative with mean annual temperature variations because of changesin catchment vegetation productivity. Sr/Rb ratio reflects the proportion of the unweathered terrestrial fraction. XRD appears to reflect water yieldregime and sediment flux. Sedimentation is rather continuous because annual clastic supply and deposited mass are the same. The artificial neuralnetworks method was applied to convert annual sedimentary time-series of XRD, Br content, and Sr/Rb ratio to annual records of temperature andprecipitation using a transfer function. Comparison of these reconstructed Siberian records with the annual record of air temperature for theNorthern Hemisphere shows similar trends in climatic variability over the past 800 yr. Estimated harmonic oscillations of temperature andprecipitation values for both historical and reconstructed periods reveal subdecadal cyclicity.
Helmholtz Research Programs > MARCOPOLI (2004-2008) > POL6-Earth climate variability since the Pliocene

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In the diagram below, tangentis perpendicular to diameter at. is the intersection of with the circle.
is a diameter with,,, and all collinear. If the measure of is more than the measure of, what is the measure of in degrees?
Lethave measure and measure. Thus.
is a diameter, so arcs and add up to. Therefore,
Combined with we can solve for and. Thus measures.
The correct answer is: 34
Can someone please explain how to get 180 - (90 + x) = 2y?


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- v. To joke or quip.
- v. To make sport of.
- n. A joke or quip.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- v. intransitive To jest; play tricks; joke; jeer.
- v. transitive To mock; deride; gibe; trick; befool.
- n. a joke
GNU Webster's 1913
- v. obsolete To jest; to play tricks; to jeer.
- v. To mock; to trick.
- n. a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter
- From Middle English japen ("to joke, play tricks"), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old French japer ("to bark, howl, scream") (possibly conflated with Old French gaber ("to mock, deride"), see gab), related to Old Provençal japar, jaupar ("to bark, yelp, yap"), probably of Germanic origin, related to Old Saxon galpōn ("to cry loudly, make a noise, brag") (Low German galpen ("to bark, howl, scream")), Middle High German gelpfen ("to scream, bark, boast, proclaim"), Old Norse gjálpa ("to yelp") (Swedish dialectal galpa ("to cry, screech")). More at yelp, yawp, yap. (Wiktionary)
- Middle English japen, probably from Old French japer, to yap, chatter, nag, of imitative origin. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"We don't want to criminalise a group of students, but at the same time we don't want to treat the problem as some kind of jape, either."
"Even Ponting describes the quiet as "appalling" on one of his intertitles, which otherwise often have a jolly-jape feel."
"That eye wanted to cross, to discredit Perkus Tooth's whole sober aura with a comic jape."
"The Huffington Post noted the references as well as more "jokes" in the same vein (including a video of Cooper's jape, over which David Gergen cluelessly chortles)."
"I remember when I was a young boy, 1 April fell on a Saturday, so the Football League decided to create a 'hilarious' jape by sending referees and linesmen with thematically linked names to the same game," recalls Robin Tucker."
"Cambridge Union Society's pole-dancing jape is just plain daft."
"People would halt the progress of whatever parley they were engaged in and turn to stop him in aisles and antechambers, demanding an instant jape or trick from him."
"Such little verses always made the best sort of jape."
"A little jape on himself, and one that would certainly deliver more concrete rewards than his loftier verse."
"Chef Nikki Billington and her partner Paul Watson had always made running a restaurant feel less like a business venture and more like a jolly jape."
These user-created lists contain the word 'jape'.
Words formed in imitation of the sound of the things they signify.
Words that are fun to say....
A list of words that WWF recognizes as valid - most are unusual words; some are simply high-scoring.
I marvel at the amazing variety of four-letter words in the English language. And that's not even counting really common (to me) words like fuck.
Everyone's got their favorites. Here are some of mine.
Words formed in imitation of a natural sound.
Words which are highly likely to be found in the work of learned writers.
visions of witfulness and vision - a wise guise
Looking for tweets for jape.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Statistical Solutions: Square Root of (N) + 1 Sampling Plan - Pharmaceutical Technology
Latest Issue
PharmTech
Latest Issue
PharmTech Europe
Statistical Solutions: Square Root of (N) + 1 Sampling Plan
Is the square root of (N) + 1 a statistically valid scheme?
Pharmaceutical Technology
Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 128
Lynn Torbek
Originating in the 1920s as a sampling scheme for agricultural regulatory inspectors, the square root (Sqrt) of the lot size (N) + 1 was semiformalized in an unpublished report by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (now Association of Analytical Chemists) in 1927 (1). Although it was used by nearly every company and by the US Food and Drug Administration, usually for incoming raw materials, most quality personnel questioned the validity of Sqrt(N) + 1 because it could not be found in statistical texts. So the question became, Is it valid and should companies and FDA continue to use and promote it?
Figure 1: Sqrt(N) + 1 versus Z1.4 General Level I.
In February 1995, the US federal government cancelled the Mil Std 105E sampling plan. As a result, ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 became a popular attribute sampling approach (2). Z1.4 is used extensively for contract negotiations between companies and between companies and governments. In the pharmaceutical industry, Z1.4 is used for the attribute sampling of raw materials, in-process materials, and finished products.
According to Z1.4, section 9.1: "A sampling plan indicates the number of units of product from each lot or batch which are to be inspected (sample size or series of sample sizes) and the criteria for determining the acceptability of the lot or batch (acceptance and rejection numbers)." Z1.4 is a statistically valid and statistically based attribute sampling plan with the following characteristics:
 - The population, lot, or batch size N is considered
 - The sample size n is specified and related to the lot size by Table I of Z1.4 (2)
 - An accept number Ac is given (see Table II-A of Reference 2)
 - A reject number Rc is given (see Table II-A of Reference 2)
 - The operational characteristic (OC) curve was calculated statistically using known statistical distributions (see Tables X-A to X-S in Z1.4 of Reference 2)
 - A key point on the OC curve, the acceptance quality limit (AQL), helps characterize the plan.
Consider lot size N = 1000 for an incoming raw material. For less critical materials, it is common to use General Inspection Level I in Z1.4, which leads to a sample size of n = 32. Using the criteria of accept on zero, Ac = 0, and reject on one, Re = 1, Table X-G shows that the AQL for the probability of acceptance P a = 0.95 is 0.160%. That is, if the average level of nonconformance is equal to or less than 0.160%, then the lots in the series will be accepted 95% of the time.
Now consider the attribute sampling plan based on Sqrt (N) + 1, where Ac = 0 and Re = 1. It is also statistically valid and statistically based in that it has these statistical characteristics:
 - The population, lot, or batch size N is considered
 - The sample size n is specified and related to N by n = Sqrt (N) + 1
 - An accept number is given Ac = 0
 - A reject number is given Re = 1
 - The OC curve is calculated statistically using known statistical distributions (3)
 - The AQL helps characterize the sampling plan.
Consider again the raw material with N = 1000. The sample size is n = Sqrt (1000) + 1 = 32.6 or n = 33. Using Ac = 0, and Re = 1, software calculations show (3) that the AQL for P a = 0.95 is 0.153%. For all practical purposes, the two plans are the same, given the slight difference in the sample size.
Sample sizes for Sqrt(N) + 1 are very close to the sample sizes in Z1.4 General Level I. For small lot sizes, Sqrt (N) + 1 samples are actually larger than Z1.4 General Level I (see Figure 1).
Both Z1.4 General Level I and Sqrt(N) + 1 are universally used in the industry for attribute sampling and inspection. Both are, as demonstrated, statistically based and statistically valid. We can have as much confidence in Sqrt(N) + 1 as we do of Z1.4 General Level I. Any comments or publications to the contrary are incorrect.
Sqrt(N) + 1 sampling is recommended in the FDA document, "CBER 03/01/92 Draft Points to Consider in the Manufacture of In Vitro Monoclonal Antibody." According to FDA's docket no. 91N-0466, section V3, " ... another protocol for testing representative lots (e.g., square root n + 1/yr, where 'n' equals the number of lots of product produced per year) may also be found to be satisfactory" (4).
Sqrt(N) sampling is recommended in FDA's Investigations Operations Manual, which states, " ... a general rule is to collect samples from the square root of the number of cases or shipping containers but not less than 12 or more than 36 subs in duplicate" (5).
Sqrt(N) + 1 is a statistically correct and valid sampling plan and can be used with the same care and caution as Z1.4 General Level I would be used.
References
1. H. Saranadasa, "The Square Root of N Plus One Sampling Rule: How Much Confidence Do We Have?" Pharm. Technol. 27 (5), 50 (2003).
2. American Society for Quality (ASQ), ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2008 (Milwaukee, WI, 2008).
3. W. Taylor, Guide to Acceptance Sampling (Taylor Enterprises, Inc, Lake Villa, IL, 1992).
4. FDA, CBER, "Draft Points to Consider in the Manufacture of In Vitro Monoclonal Antibodies," Docket 91N-0466, Mar. 1992.
5. FDA, Investigations Operations Manual, Subchapter 4.3: Collection Technique, section 4.3.7.2 Random Sampling, _URL_ accessed July 31, 2009.
Lynn Torbek is a statistician at Torbeck and Assoc., 2000 Dempster Plaza, Evanston, IL 60202, tel. _PHONE_,
, _URL_
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1. Twenty lightly anaesthetized dogs were cooled to 29°C by cold-water immersion. Ventilation was spontaneous and the animals were allowed to shiver freely. Metabolic heat production and respiratory heat exchange were measured during rewarming.
2. The animals were divided into four groups each of five dogs and each group was rewarmed by a different technique. The control group was allowed to rewarm spontaneously; a second group was given warm (45–50°C) fully humidified air to breathe in addition; a third group was rewarmed in a hot-water bath (42–44°C) and the remaining group was given a muscle relaxant to abolish shivering and rewarmed by warm inspired air only.
3. The group rewarmed in hot water achieved normal core temperature most rapidly but there was no difference in the rewarming rates of the group rewarmed spontaneously and of the group given warm air to breathe in addition.
4. The group given a muscle relaxant and rewarmed with warm inspired air required 12 h to achieve the same core temperature as the shivering groups achieved in 2 h. Compared with the heat produced by shivering the amount of heat which it was possible to transfer across the respiratory tract was so small that it did not materially influence the rate of rewarming.
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text:
Purification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from rat (Rattus norvegicus) erythrocytes and inhibition effects of some metal ions on enzyme activity
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first enzyme on which the pentose phosphate pathway was checked. In this study, purification of a G6PD enzyme was carried out by using rat erythrocytes with a specific activity of 13.7EU/mg and a yield of 67.7 and 155.6-fold by using 2,5-ADP Sepharose-4B affinity column chromatography. For the purpose of identifying the purity of enzyme and molecular mass of the subunit, a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was carried out. The molecular mass of subunit was calculated 56.5kDa approximately. Then, an investigation was carried out regarding the inhibitory effects caused by various metal ions (Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Ag+, and Zn2+) on G6PD enzyme activities, as per Beutler method at 340nm under in vitro conditions. Lineweaver-Burk diagrams were used for estimation of the IC50 and K-i values for the metals. K-i values for Pb+2, Cd+2, Ag+, and Zn+2 were 113.3, 215.2, 19.4, and 474.7M, respectively.


plot-methods: Methods for Function plot
Description Usage Arguments See Also Examples
Description
Methods for function plot to produce different diagonostic plots for an object of class "MultiChainLadder".
Usage
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## S4 method for signature 'MultiChainLadder,missing'
plot(x, y, which.plot=1:4,
 which.triangle=NULL,
 main=NULL,
 portfolio=NULL,
 lowess=TRUE,
 legend.cex=0.75,...)
Arguments
x
An object of class "MultiChainLadder".
y
"missing"
which.plot
This specifies which type of plot is desired. Its range is 1:5, but defaults to 1:4. "1" is the barplot of observed losses and predicted IBNR stacked and MSE predictions as error bars; "2" is a trajectory plot of the development pattern; "3" is the residual plot of standardized residuals against the fitted values; "4" is the Normal-QQ plot of the standardized residuals. "5" is the "xyplot" of development with confidence intervals for each accident year. Note that "3" and "4" are not available for portfolio.
which.triangle
This specifies which triangles are to be plotted. Default value is NULL, where all triangles plus the portfolio result will be plotted.
main
It should be a list of titles for each plot. If not supplied, use default titles.
portfolio
It specifies which triangles are to be summed as the portfolio, to be passed on to summary.
lowess
Logical. If TRUE, smoothing lines will be added on residual plots.
legend.cex
plotting parameter to be passes on to cex in legend if which.plot=1.
...
optional graphical arguments.
See Also
See also MultiChainLadder
Examples
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## Not run:
data(liab)
fit.liab <- MultiChainLadder(liab)
# generate diagonostic plots
par(mfcol=(c(3,2)))
plot(fit.liab,which.plot=1:2)
par(mfrow=(c(2,2)))
plot(fit.liab,which.plot=3:4)
plot(fit.liab,which.triangle=1,which.plot=5)
graphics.off()
## End(Not run)
ChainLadder documentation built on Nov. 17, 2017, 7:46 a.m.


Small. Fast. Reliable.
Choose any three.
The SQLite R*Tree Module
1. Overview
An R-Tree is a special index that is designed for doing range queries. R-Trees are most commonly used in geospatial systems where each entry is a rectangle with minimum and maximum X and Y coordinates. Given a query rectangle, an R-Tree is able to quickly find all entries that are contained within the query rectangle or which overlap the query rectangle. This idea is easily extended to three dimensions for use in CAD systems. R-Trees also find use in time-domain range look-ups. For example, suppose a database records the starting and ending times for a large number of events. A R-Tree is able to quickly find all events that were active at any time during a given time interval, or all events that started during a particular time interval, or all events that both started and ended within a given time interval. And so forth.
The R-Tree concept originated with Toni Guttman: R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching, Proc. 1984 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pp. 47-57. The implementation found in SQLite is a refinement of Guttman's original idea, commonly called "R*Trees", that was described by Norbert Beckmann, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Ralf Schneider, Bernhard Seeger: The R*-Tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles. SIGMOD Conference 1990: 322-331.
2. Compiling The R*Tree Module
The source code to the SQLite R*Tree module is included as part of the amalgamation. However, depending on configuration options and the particular version of SQLite you are using, it may or may not be enabled by default. To ensure that the R*Tree module is enabled, simply compile with the SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE C-preprocessor macro defined. With many compilers, this is accomplished by adding the option "-DSQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE=1" to the compiler command-line.
3. Using the R*Tree Module
The SQLite R*Tree module is implemented as a virtual table. Each R*Tree index is a virtual table with an odd number of columns between 3 and 11. The first column is always a 64-bit signed integer primary key. The other columns are pairs, one pair per dimension, containing the minimum and maximum values for that dimension, respectively. A 1-dimensional R*Tree thus has 3 columns. A 2-dimensional R*Tree has 5 columns. A 3-dimensional R*Tree has 7 columns. A 4-dimensional R*Tree has 9 columns. And a 5-dimensional R*Tree has 11 columns. The SQLite R*Tree implementation does not support R*Trees wider than 5 dimensions.
The first column of an SQLite R*Tree is similar to an integer primary key column of a normal SQLite table. It may only store a 64-bit signed integer value. Inserting a NULL value into this column causes SQLite to automatically generate a new unique primary key value. If an attempt is made to insert any other non-integer value into this column, the r-tree module silently converts it to an integer before writing it into the database.
The min/max-value pair columns are stored as 32-bit floating point values for "rtree" virtual tables or as 32-bit signed integers in "rtree_i32" virtual tables. Unlike regular SQLite tables which can store data in a variety of datatypes and formats, the R*Tree rigidly enforce these storage types. If any other type of value is inserted into such a column, the r-tree module silently converts it to the required type before writing the new record to the database.
3.1. Creating An R*Tree Index
A new R*Tree index is created as follows:
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE <name> USING rtree(<column-names>);
The <name> is the name your application chooses for the R*Tree index and <column-names> is a comma separated list of between 3 and 11 columns. The virtual <name> table creates three shadow tables to actually store its content. The names of these shadow tables are:
<name>_node
<name>_rowid
<name>_parent
The shadow tables are ordinary SQLite data tables. You can query them directly if you like, though this unlikely to reveal anything particularly useful. And you can UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT or even DROP the shadow tables, though doing so will corrupt your R*Tree index. So it is best to simply ignore the shadow tables. Recognize that they hold your R*Tree index information and let it go as that.
As an example, consider creating a two-dimensional R*Tree index for use in spatial queries:
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE demo_index USING rtree(
 id, -- Integer primary key
 minX, maxX, -- Minimum and maximum X coordinate
 minY, maxY -- Minimum and maximum Y coordinate
);
3.1.1. Column naming details
In the argments to "rtree" in the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement, the names of the columns are taken from the first token of each argument. All subsequent tokens within each argument are silently ignored. This means, for example, that if you try to give a column a type affinity or add a constraint such as UNIQUE or NOT NULL or DEFAULT to a column, those extra tokens are accepted as valid, but they do not change the behavior of the rtree. In an RTREE virtual table, the first column always has a type affinity of INTEGER and all other data columns have a type affinity of REAL. In an RTREE_I32 virtual table, all columns have type affinity of INTEGER.
Recommended practice is to omit any extra tokens in the rtree specification. Let each argument to "rtree" be a single ordinary label that is the name of the corresponding column, and omit all other tokens from the argument list.
3.2. Populating An R*Tree Index
The usual INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands work on an R*Tree index just like on regular tables. So to insert some data into our sample R*Tree index, we can do something like this:
INSERT INTO demo_index VALUES
 (28215, -80.781227, -80.604706, 35.208813, 35.297367),
 (28216, -80.957283, -80.840599, 35.235920, 35.367825),
 (28217, -80.960869, -80.869431, 35.133682, 35.208233),
 (28226, -80.878983, -80.778275, 35.060287, 35.154446),
 (28227, -80.745544, -80.555382, 35.130215, 35.236916),
 (28244, -80.844208, -80.841988, 35.223728, 35.225471),
 (28262, -80.809074, -80.682938, 35.276207, 35.377747),
 (28269, -80.851471, -80.735718, 35.272560, 35.407925),
 (28270, -80.794983, -80.728966, 35.059872, 35.161823),
 (28273, -80.994766, -80.875259, 35.074734, 35.172836),
 (28277, -80.876793, -80.767586, 35.001709, 35.101063),
 (28278, -81.058029, -80.956375, 35.044701, 35.223812),
 (28280, -80.844208, -80.841972, 35.225468, 35.227203),
 (28282, -80.846382, -80.844193, 35.223972, 35.225655);
The entries above are bounding boxes (longitude and latitude) for 14 zipcodes near Charlotte, NC. A real database would have many thousands, millions, or billions of such entries, but this small 14-row sample will be sufficient to illustrate the ideas.
3.3. Querying An R*Tree Index
Any valid query will work against an R*Tree index. The R*Tree implementation just makes some kinds of queries especially efficient. Queries against the primary key are efficient:
SELECT * FROM demo_index WHERE id=28269;
Of course, an ordinary SQLite table will also do a query against its integer primary key efficiently, so the previous is not important. The big reason for using an R*Tree is so that you can efficiently do range queries against the coordinate ranges. For example, the main office of the SQLite project is located at 35.37785, -80.77470. To find which zipcodes might service that office, one could right:
SELECT id FROM demo_index
 WHERE minX<=-


text:
Jeanna Bryner LiveScience Staff Writer LiveScience.comWed Mar 21, 4:30 PM ET
The fossil of an ancient amphibious reptile with a crocodile's body and a fish's tail has been unearthed in Oregon. Scientists believe the creature's remains were transported by geologic processes nearly 5,000 miles away from where it originally died more than 100 million years ago.
The new fossil is the oldest crocodilian ever unearthed in Oregon and one of the few to be unearthed on this side of the Pacific. The "hybrid" animal is thought to be a new species within the genus Thalattosuchia, a group of crocodilians living during the age of dinosaurs.
The reptile roamed a tropical environment in Asia about 142 to 208 million years ago. Called a Thalattosuchian, the amphibious creature [image] represents an early milestone in evolutionary history, marking a transition during which these reptiles moved from being semi-aquatic to wholly ocean species.


text:
Ivan Aivazovsky's "The Ninth Wave"
Yesterday marked the 108th anniversary of the death of the Armenian painter Ivan Aivazovsky. Aivazovsky is most famous for his seascapes, which constitute more than half of his oeuvre. Karly Briullov's "Last Day of Pompeii" (previously featured on 'Feel Art Again') had a significant impact on Aivazovsky, influencing some of his work.
1. As a young boy growing up in Theodosia, Ivan Aivazovsky was known to draw in charcoal on the whitewashed walls throughout the town. Luckily, his graffiti did not land him in trouble, but instead attracted the attention of the town-governor, who then helped Aivazovsky attend high school and later the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts to further develop his talents. Aivazovsky graduated the Academy at age 20,with their highest honor, the gold medal.
2. Aivazovsky honed his skill for seascapes with hands-on experience. In 1836, he participated in training exercises of the Baltic Sea fleet. By a Tsar's edict, he was attached to the Chief Naval Staff "with the title of painter to the Staff and with the right to wear the uniform of the naval ministry." He was so revered by the navy that, in 1846, they marked the tenth anniversary of his artistic career with a special squadron of battleships sent from Sevastopol to congratulate him.
3. In 1840, Aivazovsky traveled to Rome, where he became friendly with Nikolai Gogol. He also received high praise from the Roman critics, newspapers, and even Pope Gregory XVI. The pope purchased Aivazovsky's "Chaos" and hung it in the Vatican where, according to the Art Gazette, "only the pictures of the world's greatest artists are considered worthy of a place."
4. Joseph M.W. Turner, who himself is known for his marine paintings, saw Aivazovsky's "The Bay of Naples on a Moonlit Night" in 1842 and was so struck that he wrote a rhymed poem (in Italian) to Aivazovsky:
In this your picture
I see the moon, all gold and silver.
Reflected in the sea below...
And on the surface of the sea
There plays a breeze which leaves a trail
Of trembling ripples, like a shower
Of fiery sparks or else the gleaming headdress
Of a mighty king!
Forgive me if I err, great artist,
Your picture has entranced me so,
Reality and art are one,
And I am all amazement.
So noble, powerful is the art
That only genius could inspire!
5. Between 1845 and 1890, Aivazovsky traveled to Istanbul 8 times, first upon invitation of Sultan AbdÃ¼lmecid. He was later commissioned as a court painter by the Sultans AbdÃ¼lmecid, Abdulaziz, and Abdulhamid. In 1895, Aivazovsky was so devastated by the massacres of Armenians ordered by Sultan Abdulhamid that he threw into the sea the medals he had received from the sultan.
6. Aivazovsky, who believed "to live means to work," was one of the most prolific and successful artists of his time. He painted more than 6,000 works by his death in 1900, and had even started a new canvas, "The Explosion of the Turkish Ship," on the last day of his life.
7. A minor planet, discovered by a Soviet astronomer, Nikolai Stepanovich, in 1977 was named after 3787 Aivazovskij in honor of the artist.
A larger version of "The Ninth Wave" is available here.
'Feel Art Again' appears every Tuesday and Thursday.


text:
Jobs pay less, expenses rise.
The American Dream of living in economically secure households is dying for Michigan families, a new study says.
"Sadly, far too few Michigan families are living in economically secure households, with most workers unable to stretch their incomes over basic expenses to build savings," said Joan Kuriansky, executive director of Wider Opportunities for Women.
"The American Dream of working hard to support your family is being rewritten by the growth of low-paying industries, rising expenses and reduced public support."
The study by Basic Economic Security Tables for Michigan in partnership with the Michigan League for Human Services found a single Michigan worker with no children must earn $26,000 a year, assuming he or she has access to employer-based benefits, to be economically secure.
Economically secure is defined as making ends meet and building savings for emergencies and retirement.
A single parent with a preschooler and a school-age child must pull down $24.49 an hour, or almost $52,000 a year with benefits — more than triple the state's minimum wage — to meet the economically secure threshold, the study found.
Two parents who are both working full time with a preschooler and a school-age child must earn together nearly $62,000 a year.
Job growth through 2018 is expected to be greatest in the several industries that pay low wages, including retail sales, home health aides and food service workers, the Michigan Department of Energy, Labor and Economic Growth said.
Only two in five jobs will be created during the next seven years that meet the criteria for being economically secure, the study said.
It also said four of five future jobs that make a Michigan family economically secure require a college degree.
The researchers said recent budget cuts and tax changes threaten family economic security. These include:
An $8.5 million cut to non-Medicaid mental health care;
A stricter 48-month time limit on cash assistance, cutting assistance to 12,600 of the state's poorest families;
Reduction of the state Earned Income Tax Credit and Homestead Property Tax Credit and elimination of a $600 child deduction, and;
Elimination of the children's clothing allowance to 124,000 children.


text:
In the federal courts, disclosure requires parties to automatically share routine evidentiary information that would otherwise be available during discovery. Disclosure comes in three stages. First, at the beginning of the suit, each party must disclose:
- • Basic information about each witness the party plans to call
- • Copies of documents and things supporting the party's claims or defenses
- • The party's computations of the damages it plans on requesting
- • Information about any insurance agreements that might cover part or all of a judgment against the party.
Later in the pre-trial process, each party must disclose the identity and qualifications of their expert witnesses. In addition, they must give the other parties a summary of their expert witnesses' reasoning and conclusions regarding the case.
Finally, shortly before trial, each party must disclose what evidence they plan to use at trial. This allows the court to address evidentiary objections before trial.
Disclosure is governed by Rule 26(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Parties are not required to disclose evidence that they plan to use solely for impeachment.
See Civil Procedure.
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
The making known of a fact that had previously been hidden; a revelation. For example, in many states you must disclose major physical defects in a house you are selling, such as a leaky roof or potential flooding problem; and in all states, you must disclose the presence of lead-based paint hazards in buildings constructed before 1978.
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:14 pm


text:
11 Most Endangered Historic Places
Year Listed: 1995
Location: Suisun Bay, California
At the height of the December 7, 1941 bombing of Pearl Harbor, the tugboat Hoga helped beach the USS Nevada, preventing the Japanese from sinking the battleship and blocking the channel. The Hoga then went on to gallantly fight the fires on the blazing hulk of the USS Arizona. In 1948, she was leased to the Port of Oakland, California and renamed the City of Oakland. After 45 years of service as a fireboat, she was returned to the Navy and was placed on the Naval Inactive Vessel Register.


text:
Dear Parents, Guardians, Students, and Staff,
On October 5, 2021 the Alberta Government announced that it would reinstate contact tracing and notification in schools for confirmed cases of COVID-19. Beginning this week, Alberta Health Services (AHS) began notifying our School Division of confirmed cases of COVID-19.
The school will notify those impacted directly as a close contact of an AHS-confirmed case who attended school while infectious. Students and staff without symptoms are not required to isolate or quarantine due to potential exposure.
The following directives from AHS and CMOH Order 48-2021 only apply for Kindergarten to Grade 6 classes: during any 5-day period where 3 or more members of a class cohort are confirmed COVID-19 cases, unvaccinated members of the class cohort will be moved to at-home learning for a 10-day period. There is no similar requirement for Grades 7-12 at this time.
In order to help families and staff have easy access to active case numbers, we have developed a COVID-19 Dashboard. This webpage provides a summary of AHS-confirmed active cases which impact our schools and is updated at the end of each workday. According to AHS guidelines, active cases expire 10 calendar days from when the individual was last present at school.
You may wish to visit the Alberta COVID-19 School Status webpage for more information about school status classification and the provincial school outbreak alert list.
We thank you for continuing to monitor for COVID-19 symptoms using the Alberta Health Daily Checklist and staying home when you are ill. We also thank our excellent caretaking staff for additional cleaning and disinfecting in our schools to help keep everyone safe. Together we can help ensure students continue to benefit from in-person learning experiences in a safe environment.
Superintendent of Schools


Acoustic tubercle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Tuberculum acusticum)
Jump to: navigation, search
Brain: Acoustic tubercle
Gray760.png
Terminal nuclei of the cochlear nerve, with their upper connections. (Schematic.) The vestibular nerve with its terminal nuclei and their efferent fibers have been suppressed. On the other hand, in order not to obscure the trapezoid body, the efferent fibers of the terminal nuclei on the right side have been resected in a considerable portion of their extent. The trapezoid body, therefore, shows only one-half of its fibers—those that come from the left.
1. Vestibular nerve, divided at its entrance into the medulla oblongata.
2. Cochlear nerve.
3. Accessory nucleus of acoustic nerve.
4. Tuberculum acusticum.
5. Efferent fibers of accessory nucleus.
6. Efferent fibers of tuberculum acusticum, forming the striae medullares, with 6', their direct bundle going to the superior olivary nucleus of the same side; 6'', their decussating bundles going to the superior olivary nucleus of the opposite side.
7. Superior olivary nucleus.
8. Trapezoid body.
9. Trapezoid nucleus.
10. Central acoustic tract (lateral lemniscus).
11. Raphé.
12. Cerebrospinal fasciculus.
13. Fourth ventricle.
14. Inferior peduncle.
Latin Tuberculum acusticum
Gray's p.906
The acoustic tubercle is a nuclei on the end of the cochlear nerve.
The cochlear nerve is lateral to the vestibular root. Its fibers end in two nuclei: one, the accessory nucleus, lies immediately in front of the inferior peduncle; the other, the acoustic tubercle, somewhat lateral to it.
References[edit]
This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.
External links[edit]


1. WeatherSpark.com
 2. United States
 3. California
 4. Columbia
Average Weather in Columbia California, United States
In Columbia, the summers are hot, arid, and mostly clear and the winters are cold, wet, and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 37°F to 89°F and is rarely below 28°F or above 96°F.
The hot season lasts for 3.4 months, from June 9 to September 21, with an average daily high temperature above 81°F. The hottest day of the year is July 19, with an average high of 89°F and low of 63°F.
The cool season lasts for 3.5 months, from November 20 to March 3, with an average daily high temperature below 58°F. The coldest day of the year is December 25, with an average low of 37°F and high of 51°F.
Average High and Low Temperature
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.
Average Hourly Temperature
Average Hourly Temperature in Columbia12 AM4 AM8 AM12 PM4 PM8 PM12 AMJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecchillycoldcoolcomfortablewarmhot
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands: frigid < 15°F < freezing < 32°F < chilly < 45°F < cold < 55°F < cool < 65°F < comfortable < 75°F < warm < 85°F < hot < 95°F < sweltering. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
Clouds
In Columbia, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year in Columbia begins around May 17 and lasts for 5.3 months, ending around October 26. On July 29, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 91% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 9% of the time.
The cloudier part of the year begins around October 26 and lasts for 6.7 months, ending around May 17. On February 21, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 56% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 44% of the time.
Cloud Cover
Cloud Cover in Columbiaclearercloudiercloudier0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecFeb 2156%Feb 2156%Jul 299%Jul 299%May 1733%May 1733%Oct 2633%Oct 2633%overcastmostly cloudypartly cloudyclear
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds: clear < 20% < mostly clear < 40% < partly cloudy < 60% < mostly cloudy < 80% < overcast.
Precipitation
A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Columbia varies significantly throughout the year.
The wetter season lasts 5.6 months, from October 31 to April 18, with a greater than 16% chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 31% on February 20.
The drier season lasts 6.4 months, from April 18 to October 31. The smallest chance of a wet day is 0% on August 3.
Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 31% on February 20.
Daily Chance of Precipitation
Daily Chance of Precipitation in Columbiawetwetdry0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecFeb 2031%Feb 2031%Aug 30%Aug 30%Jan 127%Jan 127%Oct 3116%Oct 3116%Apr 1816%Apr 1816%mixedrain
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Rainfall
To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Columbia experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.
The rainy period of the year lasts for 8.2 months, from September 25 to May 31, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around February 16, with an average total accumulation of 4.4 inches.
The rainless period of the year lasts for 3.8 months, from May 31 to September 25. The least rain falls around August 9, with an average total accumulation of 0.0 inches.
Average Monthly Rainfall
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average liquid-equivalent snowfall.
Sun
The length of the day in Columbia varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2017, the shortest day is December 21, with 9 hours, 31 minutes of daylight; the longest day is June 21, with 14 hours, 49 minutes of daylight.
Hours of Daylight and Twilight
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
The earliest sunrise is at 5:38 AM on June 13, and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 53 minutes later at 7:30 AM on November 4. The earliest sunset is at 4:41 PM on December 6, and the latest sunset is 3 hours, 47 minutes later at 8:28 PM on June 27.
Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in Columbia during 2017, starting in the spring on March 12, lasting 7.8 months, and ending in the fall on November 5.
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in Columbia12 AM2 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJun 135:38 AMJun 135:38 AM8:28 PMJun 278:28 PMJun 27Dec 64:41 PMDec 64:41 PM7:30 AMNov 47:30 AMNov 4Mar 12DSTMar 12DSTDSTNov 5DSTNov 5daynightnightnightnight
The solar day over the course of the year 2017. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels.
Humidity
We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.
The perceived humidity level in Columbia, as measured by the percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable, does not vary significantly over the course of the year, remaining a virtually constant 0% throughout.
Humidity Comfort Levels
Humidity Comfort Levels in Columbia0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecFeb 220%Feb 220%Sep 160%Sep 160%comfortablecomfortabledrydry
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point: dry < 55°F < comfortable < 60°F < humid < 65°F < muggy < 70°F < oppressive < 75°F < miserable.
Wind
This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.
The average hourly wind speed in Columbia does not vary significantly over the course of the year, remaining within 0.2 miles per hour of 2.9 miles per hour throughout.
Average Wind Speed
Average Wind Speed in Columbia0.0 mph0.5 mph1.0 mph1.5 mph2.0 mph2.5 mph3.0 mph3.5 mph4.0 mph4.5 mph5


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Hold down two keys: "Power on" and "Volume up". Hold the buttons until the logo of the manufacturer or Android appears on the screen. a small green man, and the smartphone itself starts vibrating. Release the combination and go to a dialog box prompting you to choose one of the most satisfactory options.
Xiaomi and Meizu
To reset the settings on these devices, the use of two keys is also provided: "Power on" and "Volume up". Release the first button as soon as the manufacturer's logo appears.
Volume Down and Power buttons. Here you need to be careful: after the manufacturer's logo is displayed on the screen, release both buttons for exactly 1 second, and then hold them down again and hold until the system prompts you to enter Recovery mode.
The manufacturer decided to provide a rather original solution to the problem. The device must be connected to the power supply and wait for the green indicator to light up. Find the hole with the recessed "Reset" key, and carefully press it with a special paper clip. Wait for the moment when the display lights up, and press the "Power" button several times in a row. After releasing it, go to the volume control carriage and also press it several times from the side of increasing the sound.
What are factory settings and why reset them on Android?
The internal memory of Android is divided into separate segments, each of which performs a specific set of tasks. For example, one part is responsible for system files, the other is responsible for storing and processing data, the third is for temporary files, logs, etc. A factory reset is the removal of user data and programs, while the system registries remain intact. Technically speaking, this process involves formatting specific memory segments. At the same time, it is important to understand that in case of a failure in the operating system or after an unsuccessful flashing, restoring the normal operation of the smartphone, a rollback to the factory state will not help.
On the switched off device, still hold down two keys. "Power" and "Volume Down". When the menu appears, release the buttons and select the "Clear storage" option. Confirm the operation by pressing the "Volume UP" and "Power" keys.
Factory reset phone via computer
Very often, owners notice a deterioration in the performance of Android, but they begin to take action only when problems reach critical proportions, and the device itself stops responding to touches and commands. In any case, it is advisable to perform a reset using a computer. This formatting option is considered more complex and is intended for more advanced users.
The process can take a while, but most of it goes into installing the ADB utility. After the archive with the application is downloaded to the PC, you need to unpack it and make sure that the adb executable file is present in the "platform tools" folder. If the required file is missing, you will need to go to the "Android-sdk-Windows" folder and launch the "SDK Manager". Find "Android SDK Tools" and "Android SDK Platform-tools" among the contents, and then download them to your computer.
After installing the "Android Debug Bridge", you can proceed directly to clearing all data on the mobile device. The step-by-step instruction assumes the following sequence of actions:
- On a PC, run the command line using the cmd command;
- On your smartphone, go to the "For Developers" section and activate the "Debugging via USB" option;
- Connect your device to your computer. To check the correctness of pairing, use the "adb devices" command;
- Go to ADB directory. To do this, enter the command "cd", and specify the path separated by a space;
- Enter "adb reboot recovery" into the line, but without quotes, and wait until the phone starts up in Recovery mode;
- Using the external function keys, enter the menu and sequentially select the options "wipe data / factory reset", and then "Reboot system now".
After the end of the operation, the device will automatically reboot and look like it was on the day of purchase.
Using the keys on the phone
Depending on the type of problem and the current state of the smartphone, the first option may not always be effective. The most acceptable option is to reset the settings using the physical buttons located on the body of the device. This method is used when loading:
- a logo in the form of a green man appears, hanging tightly on the screen;
- moving between menu options becomes problematic;
- pop-up notifications about errors in the operation of the operating system;
- display problems.
The main conditions for using this option are: a fully charged phone and serviceable external keys. To enter Recovery mode, you need to do the following:
- Press the "Power" button and wait until the smartphone turns off completely;
- While holding down two, at least three keys simultaneously, go to the main menu of the recovery mode;
- Select the option "wipe data / factory reset", "delete all user data" and then "Reboot system now".
To move between menu items use the volume control carriage, to select an option. the power key. Depending on the manufacturer, the key combination to be pressed may differ.
On the switched off smartphone, hold down two keys: "Volume control carriage" (in the center) and "Power", and hold them for 10 seconds. When the logo is highlighted, release the second button. After the appearance of the "Robot with gears", move the finger on the regulator carriage from the center to the top and wait until the green bar of the loading status is displayed.
Via the Android menu
The easiest and most accessible way even for inexperienced users to return the device to the pre-sale state is to reset the settings using the corresponding function built into the system. This option is relevant if the problems are not critical and the user has not lost access to menu items. In this case, you will need to do the following:
- Open the "Settings" section in any convenient way (through the menu, quick access panel, desktop);
- Go to the "Restore and reset" tab;
- Scrolling down the screen, select the "Reset settings" option (depending on the device model, the name may differ);
- The system will issue a warning that during the operation, all user data: personal information, applications and programs, settings, will be deleted;
- Confirm smartphone cleaning by pressing the "Reset all" button.
After completing the process, the device will match the appearance it had at the time of purchase.
The functionality of devices with the specified versions of the operating system has undergone some changes. Therefore, the "Reset settings" option can be found in the "Reset" tab, which is now in the "System" section.
A feature of the product of Chinese developers is the Flame OS operating system. Accordingly, resetting the settings on this platform is different than on Android. To perform the operation, you need to go to "Settings" → "About phone" → "Memory" → "Reset settings".
Hard reset Samsung smartphone via key combinations
Another way to clean your device is to use buttons. This method is carried out using Recovery. a special boot mode of the device, reminiscent of a text menu. Certain combinations allow you to open Task Manager, which cannot be found in normal settings.
Note! This method is usually used when the device freezes or stops turning on. For a regular update, data reset, it is better to use the methods described above.
How to Hard Reset Android Samsung? To begin with, turn off your mobile device, if it is turned on. Then you need to hold down certain key combinations:
- "Home" volume key "Volume up" button "Lock screen";
- If your mobile device has a Bixby key: Volume button Turn Sound Lock Screen Bixby.
- for older mobile phones: volume key "Volume up" button "Lock screen".
Factory reset via keyboard shortcut
After holding down, a dialog box will open where the user will be prompted to select the next command:
- Select the line "Wipe data / factory reset".
- Press the "Lock Screen" button once to confirm the action.
- Use the volume key to select the item "Yes" or "Yes. Delete all user data".
- Confirm the action with the "Lock screen" key.
- The data from the device will be deleted. The text menu returns to the screen.
- Select with the volume keys the line "Reboot system now" and confirm the action with the button "Lock screen".
Important! The device should reboot, restore work. If this does not happen, you need to contact the service center specialists. Most likely, a replacement of component parts or a new firmware is required.
How to reset Android to factory settings on "Samsung
You can reset the settings to "Samsung" in three different ways:
- Resetting All Data Through Samsung Settings.
- Clear phone completely via service code.
- Factory reset via Recovery.
The first way through the settings is the easiest. It will help you set up your phone in a new way, reset settings and parameters. The sequence of actions is as follows:
- Select the "Settings" item in the "Menu".
- Go to "General settings". On modern devices, such an item may not exist, then you just need to go to the next item.
- Select the "Reset" column. It may also be called Backup and Reset, Archive and Reset, and Privacy, depending on the software version.
- Click "Reset data".
- Confirm the selected action


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Animal Species:Spotted Ground Spiders
The Spotted ground spiders Habronestes and Storena are two genera of spiders in the family Zodariidae.
Number of species
Spotted ground spiders are from 6 mm to 20 mm long. They are usually dark-coloured (reddish to black), and sparsely haired. Legs are orange to red or black and white. They have two to five pairs of white or coloured spots on the dorsal surface of the abdomen that can range from pale yellow to bright orange. When present, an unpaired spot occurs just above the spinnerets. A characteristic feature of Storena is that they have a pale brown, pitted circle of bare cuticle between the front spots. The eyes are in two back-curved rows of four. One species of Storena is an ant mimic, resembling the red meat ants, Iridomyrmex purpureus. They mingle with the ants in their nest in the early mornings, when the ants are sluggish, and carry off the weaker ants as prey.
Spotted ground spiders don't build a snare, but hunt and ambush ground dwelling insects. Like many spiders, little is known about their biology. Some species build burrows in the ground or shallow depressions, and build a palisade (fort-like structure) of vertically arranged twigs or leaves around the entrance. Some species, like Habronestes bradleyi, are closely associated with ants.
Other behaviours and adaptations
Male spotted ground spiders live a vagrant life hunting or searching for females; they may be found in leaf litter, under logs or rocks, or even indoors wandering across the floor. In contrast, the females have rarely been observed far from the burrow. The oval egg sacs have a papery texture, and hold about 50 eggs.
Wandering males frequently enter houses at night, and their bright colours can cause alarm. The males also have characteristic club-shaped palps and can look quite threatening when these are held aloft. Despite the heavy appearance of their fangs, these spiders are reluctant to attack and timid when confronted.
Danger to humans and first aid
Few bites by these spiders have been reported and when they have, symptoms have been minor, consisting of a red welt and localised hot feeling for a couple of hours. They are not considered dangerous.
- Jocqué, R. and Baehr, B. 1992. A Revision of the Australian Spider genus Storena (Araneae, Zodariidae). Invertebr. Taxon., 6: _PHONE_.
- Jocqué, R. 1995. Notes On Australian Zodariidae (Araneae), I. New Taxa And Key To The Genera. Records of the Australian Museum, 47: 117-140.
- Mascord, R. 1980. Spiders of Australia. A.H. & A.W. Reed Pty Ltd, Australia.
- Mascord, R. 1993. Australian Spiders in Colour. Reed, Australia.
- York Main, B. 1976. Spiders. William Collins Publishers Pty Ltd, Sydney.
Dr Mike Gray


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Lead Corrosion in a Water Distribution System: Effect of Fluorosilicic Acid, Pipe Scale Analysis, and Equilibrium Speciation Simulation
MetadataShow full item record
Lead is a toxic metal that continues to be a prevalent risk to human health. Exposure to lead through drinking water continues due to the prevalence of lead plumbing present in water distribution systems. Lead dissolution from plumbing materials is sensitive to water chemistry, which is influenced by both source water quality and water treatment processes. The City of Buffalo is considering a switch from sodium fluoride to Fluorosilicic Acid for fluoridation. Fluorosilicic Acid has the potential to increase dissolution from leaded plumbing. This work explores the effect Fluorosilicic Acid (FSA) has on total lead concentration in drinking water, and tests the lead scale products present in harvested lead service lines from the City of Buffalo. The pipe scale analysis will be compared to the results of equilibrium speciation software in order to assess the prediction of scale products from the model.


Historic papers reveal life of Edwardian schoolgirls
Forgotten archives show how young women were groomed in grammar and housewifery
Thousands of old photographs, exam papers, magazines and books unearthed from the cellars of some of the country's leading girls' schools have revealed a remarkable picture of school life in Victorian and Edwardian Britain.
File after file emerged after school heads were encouraged by the Girls' Schools Association to scour their buildings for historic documents. Among them were stories of girls taught to be dutiful housewives who could wash shirt cuffs properly and control household dust, and children as young as 11 sitting down to tough examinations in which they were expected to be able to draw maps of the physical geography of Australia and tackle questions of grammar such as identifying predicates in passages of writing.
The documents, which will be a goldmine for historians, also held accounts of university life from as early as 1883, when young women would fit tennis and tea parties around eight hours of study each day.
The initiative has only just been launched, but already thousands of photographs have been discovered, including sepia-tinted images of girls in long skirts and boaters with hockey sticks, sitting attentively and upright in assembly and attending lessons ranging from science and botany to how best to iron.
Independent schools such as the Cheltenham Ladies' College, Manchester High School for Girls, North London Collegiate, Wycombe Abbey and Queenswood are among those spearheading the project. The reams of information provide an amazing insight into the changing professions, values and family set-up for women over the decades.
'This is a huge historical resource that is untapped,' said Christine Joy, the archivist at Manchester High. 'We have a resource of national importance.'
In 1915, the 11-year-olds facing a geography exam were asked to make a sketch map showing the position of the Dardanelles and the adjoining seas and countries and to describe a journey from Moscow to Vladivostok, noting the chief products of each region.
Among the piles of papers were descriptions of political debates about the rights of women, similar to those happening today, according to Joy. There were school records for some of the leaders of the Suffragette movement and magazines filled with advice for women on how to break into law, medicine and academia.
For the less academic, there were also housewifery and secretarial courses. A 1910 syllabus on housewifery lists how women must learn to test the freshness of eggs, remove stains such as ink, coffee and tar and arrange a home laundry.
In a time when fees ranged from £3 to £5 a term, one module was entitled 'The housewife, her ideals, responsibilities and duties'. Girls were then taught how to dispose of kitchen refuse, spring-clean and manage servants.
There were records from universities as well. In 1883 a woman wrote a description of her life at Girton College, Cambridge, where she said it was not 'all work and no play'. After eight hours of study there was 'an ample margin for tennis, walks and other amusements, and also for social intercourse - tea parties being the favourite form of this latter'. At 10.30pm, she added, 'by common consent of the students, disturbing noises, such as piano playing, cease'.
The information is being seized on by historians. John Black, an academic at Bristol Business School, is using the papers to track when women began working in different professions.
'This can open the doors to wider knowledge than we had before,' said Black, who felt that the records would break down stereotypes that suggested middle-class women stayed at home in the early 20th century. 'Lots of women were focusing on "we have rights, too, we can have a career and be just as good as men".'
The information spans from the late 19th century up to the present. It shows how women moved from entering the 'caring' professions, such as teaching and social work, to becoming doctors and lawyers and in time successful businesswomen. There are also accounts of early successes, including one woman who was at school in the Thirties and went on to have four children and become a QC.
At the Cheltenham Ladies' College, principal Vicky Tuck said it was crucial schools kept hold of original objects and pictures. 'We make sure we are always putting new stuff in, because nowadays everything is stored in the computer,' Tuck said. 'When someone comes to write the history of the early 21st century, I wonder what will be there.'
Testing times: Some examination questions set for 11-year-olds in 1915
Give as nearly as possible the position of Alsace-Lorraine, Liege, the Marne, the Carpathians, Antwerp.
Name the chief seaports on the east coast of Great Britain. Give the chief exports and imports of any three of them.
Name the English sovereigns with their dates between 1689 and the present day.
Write a life of either Florence Nightingale or of Lord Roberts.


- Dr. Frank Wen, DC
Introducing Plantiga
As my patients already know firsthand, the way that I practice is anything but the typical chiropractic they've encountered over the years.
For the past several months at Integrity Chiropractic I've been experimenting with and integrating a new device called Plantiga in the assessment of several patients that present with pains and complaints in the lower back and lower extremities as part of my never ending obsession to understand and treat the human body better.
I think it's an exciting new tool that has great potential to help elucidate some questions that patients and I have about what's going on with their bodies, and I wanted to take time with this post to share some information about it, as well as how I've been using it at the clinic to help patients-- so read on.
What is Plantiga?
Plantiga is a company based out of Vancouver, BC that has created a measurement device that fits comfortably and conveniently at the bottom of the feet via a custom insert that it attaches to.
While there are and have been similar measurement devices out there throughout the years, Plantiga is unique in that it's placed right under the foot, which believe it or not, has been difficult to do and they are the first to successfully bring this design concept to the market.
These measurement devices, also known as inertial measurement units (IMUs), obtain linear and rotational acceleration measurement data in all three movement planes that is then coupled to machine-learning in Plantiga's cloud, which allows it to analyze and generate useful metrics about human gait and other types of movement (more on that in a moment).
The unique design allows me and the patient the freedom to take movement assessments to another level when needed, including the ability to go outside to do testing in the real world.
Using Plantiga is kind of like being in your college 100-level physics lab, but way more fun and interesting.
What kind of data is Plantiga able to gather and provide?
Plantiga records accelerations at the foot at a very high frequency as you move. From this data, Plantiga is able to leverage its AI to determine spatiotemporal parameters of walking and running gait such as speed, cadence and stride lengthjust to name a few.
I recently used these features to help me better understand what was happening to my lower limbs and body for a review of a floating backpack. But check out this short video of me using Plantiga to do the basic walk test:
It's also able to generate performance metrics of jumping movements like the Reactive Strength Index and jump height.
But those are just a couple of examples of what it can do.
Being an engineer first, one of my favorite things about Plantiga is the ability to download the acceleration data for an activity and dive deeper with a detailed analysis about my patient's movement.
The following snippet is from a graph I created in Excel, tracing the rotational acceleration of the left and right foot with respect to the flat ground (transverse plane) during walking gait. The purple trace is the left foot and the green trace is the right foot.
This particular patient presented with right lower back and buttock area pain several months after a hip surgery in addition to residual hip flexor tightness.
We will assume that the left uninjured limb is the patient's "normal".
I have phase-matched the graphs so that the left and right leg movement cycles are matched up in time.
In a perfect scenario both sides would be reflections of each other assuming there is balanced anatomy, mobility, muscular control and strength between the limbs (usually not though, unless we're measuring a robot).
However, general observations can still be made by looking at large peaks and troughs in the acceleration traces.
Look at the interval between the two inner blue lines. This interval is the swing phase of gait.
The first small peak that lies at the start of the interval represents the acceleration imparted to the limb to turn it outward a bit for toe-off to help with ground clearance.
After that, things become different between the sides. The right limb exhibits a different acceleration trace as it has an extra "peak" which I have circled in red. Remember, the images should be rough reflections of each other. In swing phase, the entire limb needs to undergo a subtle but inward rotation back toward the midline of the body after it turned slightly outward as the person toed-off for leg swing.
In the left limb, you can see the slope and direction of acceleration after that small initial peak gradually directing the limb back inward before it hits another trough at which the acceleration is then traced in the opposite direction. This represents the slowing down of the limb before the foot makes contact with the ground again.
That extra peak in the right limb trace suggests that there was a sudden "hitch" in the rotational movement outward right after toe off, followed by a small acceleration peak to bring the leg back straight.
What's the relevance of this "hitch"?
Well, as you probably know from experience, the presence of injury or pain can mess with the smoothness of many of your movements and the manifestation of the "hitch" may be due to pain in the hip and low back at certain angles.
This patient also had limited rotational hip mobility, especially with inward rotation. It happens to be that this patient also had very tight hip outward rotator muscles which work to smooth inward rotation in the limb, but too much tension could arrest that inward rotation which could potentially be a problem. During gait examination, it was observed that the patient was occasionally demonstrating a crossover step on the right limb. As this patient's low back pain was able to be pinpointed to the glutes and sacroiliac joint, it is very plausible that this limitation in inward hip rotation is creating excessive motion or torque over the sacroiliac joint. Throw in thousands of repetitions of this movement over time and you get the picture.
The important take away here is that by having this data, you're able to help the patient figure out the possible "why and how" they are hurting by being able to marry clinical findings to real world movement; because the eyes don't always see everything clearly. Identifying painful areas is often not the most difficult part of the job as patients usually can point to where they feel it. Understanding what's causing the problem under typical movement patterns that patients go through helps to make treatment and rehab more meaningful.
This second example is much simpler to understand. This graph below is a composite acceleration graph generated by Plantiga which represents the load or effort from performing a cyclic jumping test during take off and landing. This particular individual was a Crossfit patient that was complaining of left calf and Achilles tendon soreness after going through a recent training cycle that had a high load of double-unders and running. The top (yellow) represents the left limb and the bottom, the right.
As you can see, the individual was generating more peak g-forces jumping off the left foot (the first large peaks), likely representing a preference for that side. Many injuries like this are often classified as repetitive or over-use. Here you can clearly see how many cycles of jumping over time could lead to such an injury where you wouldn't be able to see that otherwise.
Why am I using Plantiga?
You may be surprised to hear that clinical practice still depends on many eyeball assessments that can often be subjective and not easily observed, felt, or always understood by patients. I came from outside of healthcare, so I was just as surprised as you to learn this fact in my training.
Using the two examples I illustrated above should make the significance of Plantiga clear. It allows me, your chiropractor, to help the lowest activity level patients to high level athletes treat their issues more effectively without super expensive or cumbersome equipment in a lab. It also helps me to see if we're making meaningful progress with treatment beyond alleviating pain.
Going back to the example of the individual with Achilles tendon and calf tightness. It's relatively easy to treat in the office at home with soft tissue work and give them home stretches and foam rolling. They'll likely feel better after each treatment. If the person is fortunate, the problem will go away or be managed well enough that it stays off the radar. But they aren't going to stop training. And if they clearly have a preference for driving through that left limb more, then there's a chance that the problem may rear its ugly head again. However, using what the data told us, I or their trainer could set them on a training program focused on developing more drive on the right limb to bring about neuromuscular balance.
Combining Plantiga's information with my knowledge of biomechanics can yield useful insight into a patient's movement strategy. By being able to collect quantitative data, this allows me to form a more complete hypothesis as to your problems as well as allows me to gauge if your treatment or training program is achieving its intended result.
All in all, this allows me to go beyond treating pain and helping clients achieve optimal function. Because my goal as a chiropractor has always been to help patients obtain a high state of function so that they can partake in activities with the least amount of hindrances and remain pain-free as long as possiblekeeping you out of my office more in the long-term.
Thanks for reading!
If you're looking for a chiropractor near you in Kirkland that wants to help you go beyond just temporary relief, then don't hesitate to contact me today.
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to measure the gastric emptying time. The gastric emptying time is affected by many gastrointestinal diseases (gastroparesis). This may be the case for example with diabetic gastropathy, dyspepsia or other diseases. In order to measure the gastric emptying time, a 13C-labeled test substance (for example octanoic acid) is administered by a test meal and the exhalation of 13CO2 is also measured. Here, continuous measurement by means of an apparatus according to the invention likewise offers much better accuracy in the analysis of the data.
13CO2 measurements have further applications in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases, in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and in the diagnosis of enzyme deficiency states (lactase deficiency etc.) (Swart, G. R. and J. W. van den Berg (1998). "13C breath test in gastroenterological practice." Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 225: 13-8).
LIST OF REFERENCES
1 radiation source 2 driver of the radiation source 3 light beam 3a first sub-beam 3b second sub-beam 4 cylindrical lens 5 first lens 6 second lens 7 filter 8 chopper 9 beam splitter 10 deviating mirror 11 third lens 12 first detector 13 sample chamber 14 gas inlet 15 gas outlet 16 gas flow meter 17 computer 18 mirror 19 fourth lens 20 second detector 21 first lock-in amplifier 22 second lock-in amplifier D1 signal of the first detector D2 signal of the second detector S1 first sub-signal of the signal of the first detector S2 first sub-signal of the signal of the second detector S3 second sub-signal of the signal of the first detector S4 second sub-signal of the signal of the second detector SD difference signal ST1 first voltage divider ST2 second voltage divider
Patent applications by Karsten Heyne, Grossbeeren DE
Patent applications by Martin Stockmann, Berlin DE
Patent applications by CHARITE - UNIVERSITAETSMEDIZIN BERLIN
Patent applications by Freie Universitaetsmedizin Berlin,
Patent applications in class Qualitative or quantitative analysis of breath component
Patent applications in all subclasses Qualitative or quantitative analysis of breath component


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PORTLAND, Ore. May 8, 2003. The 2002 Biscuit Fire in the Siskiyou
NF was one of the largest in Oregon history: more than 499,000 acres
burned. The fire season was the worst in over 140 years, with costs
of over $150 million for the Biscuit Fire alone. Although fire is
a natural part of our environment, there is broad interest in making
it less destructive and less harmful to people, their property,
and forested landscapes.
A team of scientists at the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station,
USDA Forest Service, is leading a postfire data collection effort
at the site of the Biscuit Fire in southwestern Oregon to help fire
managers mitigate future fires similar to the Biscuit.
The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program at the station annually
inventories trees, vegetation, and down wood on public and private
land. Inventory data collected before the Biscuit Fire will be used
as a basis to compare postfire data collected this year. This study
will help forest managers:
- Assess fire severity across the landscape and its effects on
- Identify factors (such as amounts of brush and down wood) that
contribute to high-severity burns.
- Monitor postfire tree survival and recovery and forest succession
"The ability to survive or recover from fire is species dependent.
For example, trees with thicker bark, higher crown base, and deeper
rooting can withstand greater heat," explains FIA scientist
Dave Azuma. "The effect on the aboveground vegetation can be
classified by the length of flame, as evidenced by observations
of scorch height. The effect on the soil surface can be characterized
by the extent of ground char. When these observations are combined
with aerial estimates of fire intensity and additional postfire
composition and structural characteristics, we can provide accurate
estimates of fire severity."
Field work on the Biscuit Fire's 180 existing plots begins near
Grants Pass in May and will continue through October. FIA plots
within the perimeter of last summer's McNally Fire in California's
Sequoia National Forest also will be measured this summer.


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Step 1a: Outlook 2010 - Click the File Tab, click Open, click Import.
Step 1b: Outlook 2007 - On the File menu, click Import and Export.
Step 2: 2. Click Export to a file, and then click Next.
Step 3: In the list, click Personal Folder File (.pst), and then click Next.
Step 4: 4. Click the folder that contains the messages you want to back up. If the folder contains a subfolder that you want to include, select the Include Subfolders check box, and then click Next.
Note: if you want to export the entire mailbox, make sure you select "Mailbox – Your Name" for 2007 or Your email address for Outlook 2010 and make sure Include subfolders is selected.
Step 5: Under Save exported file as, click Browse, and then specify a name and location for your backup file, for example, Mail Backup.
If you back up a.pst file that you have backed up to before, click one of the following:
Step 1a: Outlook 2011 - On the File menu, click Export.
Step 2: Select your export options.
Step 3: Select the option "No, do not delete items"
Step 4: 4. Type a name that is suitable for the backup file in the Save As: box, and select a location where you can easily find your exported file.
Step 5: 5. You're all done. Click the Done button to complete the export process.


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Weight Loss
How To Burn Extra Calories While Cleaning
The top 5 benefits of losing weight
A lot of people I know spend money on losing weightthey enroll in a fitness program, get some gym classes, even join sports with the end goal of reducing unwanted fat in the body. However, if you hardly have time to engage in physical fitness activities and if you just don't have enough budget for an exercise program, why not find other options?
A sure way to reduce fat is to keep your body moving. And what better way to move than to run some house chores? Be it washing the dishes, cooking, cleaning, even doing the laundry can all help you burn some fat, in one way or another.
To help guide you, here are some tips on how to burn extra calories while cleaning:
1. Clean the bath. The bathroom requires a lot of time and effort to get cleaned. So when you clean the bathroom, take note that you also lose excess calories. The secret is to perform the activity properly. Get into a squatting position, hold it, and try to scrub the bathtub and floor. Doing that would be more effective in burning calories. If ever you have a box of rags handy, be sure to use them!
2. Do the laundrywith extra effort. Instead of using the washing machine, why not try hand washing? Hand washing can help you lose more extra calories. You can save heavier loads such as linens and curtains for the washing machine but the other ones can be done by yourself. When you hang your clothes after washing them, make it a habit too to pump your arms so that you can exercise at the same time.
3. Vacuuming with effort. Instead of a simple vacuum activity, you can do some exercise movements while vacuuming the carpet at home. Pump your arms and clean every portion of the carpet, floor, or room thoroughly so that you won't miss any dust or dirt. Vacuuming can help you lose as much as 80 calories for a session of twenty minutes.
4. Try some heavy cleaning. You can also do some heavy cleaning at home during weekends. You can mop the floor with detergent and water or a special cleaning solution and burn as much as 73 calories. Or you can also do some sweeping and scrubbing and burn as much as 100 calories for a twenty-minute cleaning session.
Who says working out is the only sure way to lose weight? By doing household work you too can stay fit and healthy minus the extra cost.