text:
Mustela altaica is found in mountains of Asia, from Russian Central Asia to Korea to northern India.
The mountain weasel lives chiefly in mountains at elevations up to 3,500 m or more. It may be found in mixed taiga, highland steppes, or above timberline among heaps of stones However, observations suggest this species may be able to live in a larger range of habitats (sand dunes, among reeds, etc). It may live near human habitations and nests in rock crevices, among tree roots, or in burrow of rodents. (Novikov, 1962)
M. altaica generally resembles M. sibiricus but is smaller, with shorter fur, and a less luxuriant tail.
Males exhibit head and body length of 22 to 29 cm, with the tail adding 11 to 15 cm. Males can weigh from 217 to 350 g. Females measure 22 to 25 cm, with tails of 9 to 12 cm. They weigh from 122 to 220 g.
This species undergoes spring and autumn molts. The winter coat is dark yellowish to ruddy brown on the back, with pale yellow to creamy white on throat and belly. The upper head between the muzzle and ears is usually darker gray-brown. The tail may be more rufous than the back. the summer fur is gray to gray-brown with some light yellow. The lips of these weasles are white, and the chin has grayish-brown to whitish vibrissae.
Although the mating system of M. altaica has not been described, other species of the genus are typically polygynous. Males are known to compete for access to females, and some of their fights can be severe. Based upon the large size dimorphism in M. altaica, it is reasonable to assume that the same mating system prevails. (Nowak, 1999)
According to observations in Kazakhstan, mating occurs in February or March. Young are seen at the beginning of May. Gestation lasts 30-49 days. The variablility reported for the length of gestation may be due to delayed implantation of fertilized eggs--a feature common in other members of the genus. Litters are 1-8 young. Lactation lasts 2 months, following which young begin to lead independent lives, but remain together with litter mates until fall.
Although the timing of reproductive maturity in this species has not been reported, it is likely that like other members of the genus, young are able to breed in the following season, when they are just under a year of age. (Novikov, 1962; Nowak, 1999)
Mustelids are born helpless, with eyes closed and fur not well developed. These altricial young are carred for in a burrow by the mother.
Longevity hs not been reported for this species, but for similarly sized members of the genus Mustela, there is very little variation in longevity. These animals live between 7 and 10 years. It is reasonable to assume a simlilar lifespan for M. altaica. (Nowak, 1999)
Mountain weasels are chiefly nocturnal, but occasionally hunt during the day. They are very quick and agile, able to swim and climb as well as run. When faced with danger, these animals may make loud chirring sounds and eject a strong-smelling secretion from their anal glands.
Infomration on the sociality of this species is not available, but most members of the genus are relatively solitary, except for mating and for the continued assoication of littermates until the end of their first summer. (Novikov, 1962)
The home range size for these animals is not known.
Communication has not been described for this species. However, as mustelids go, communication typically involves a variety of forms. Vocalizations are made when animals are threatened. Tactile communication occurs between rival males, between mates, and between a mother and her offspring. Chemical communication occurs in all of the stinky mustelids. There is probably also some visual communication, as these animals do have fairly good vision.
Voles and pikas form a major portion of the mountain weasel's carnivorious diet. These animals may also capture muskrats, ground squirrels, young rabbits, small birds, lizards (during summer months), and to a lesser extent frogs, fish, and insects. M. altaica has also been observed to eat juniper berries in some regions. Observations in capativity suggest daily requirements of flesh are 45-54 g (3-4 domestic mice) in an adult male, though it may kill considerably more in the wild. When rodents abound, these animals are thought to eat only the blood and brain. (Novikov, 1962)
Predators for these animals have not been reported. Mustelids in general are very fierce, and might not be a good choice of prey for terrestrial mammalian predators, which could expect these weasles to put up a good fight. Primary predators are probably avian, such as owls and hawks.
As a predatory species, M. altaica probably plays an important role in regulating the populations of small mammals, such as mice and voles.
Mountain weasles are considered beneficial in agricultural areas because they exterminate rodents which can be agricultural pests. Some trade of fur occurs, but pelts have low trade value and thus are of not much commercial importance. The fur is usually dyed. (Novikov, 1962; Nowak, 1999)
This species may occasionally attack domestic fowl when found near human habitation. (Novikov, 1962)
With several known subspecies, and a very broad range, these animals are not currently a conservation concern.
Some populations of the mountain weasel are subject to extreme fluctuations, apparently depending on food conditions. Mass mortality may occur due to unknown diseases and fires. (Stroganov, 1969)
Nancy Shefferly (editor), Animal Diversity Web.
Ellen Sherrill (author), Humboldt State University, Brian Arbogast (editor), Humboldt State University.
living in the northern part of the Old World. In otherwords, Europe and Asia and northern Africa.
uses sound to communicate
living in landscapes dominated by human agriculture.
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth/hatching. In birds, naked and helpless after hatching.
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.
an animal that mainly eats meat
uses smells or other chemicals to communicate
active at dawn and dusk
in mammals, a condition in which a fertilized egg reaches the uterus but delays its implantation in the uterine lining, sometimes for several months.
in deserts low (less than 30 cm per year) and unpredictable rainfall results in landscapes dominated by plants and animals adapted to aridity. Vegetation is typically sparse, though spectacular blooms may occur following rain. Deserts can be cold or warm and daily temperates typically fluctuate. In dune areas vegetation is also sparse and conditions are dry. This is because sand does not hold water well so little is available to plants. In dunes near seas and oceans this is compounded by the influence of salt in the air and soil. Salt limits the ability of plants to take up water through their roots.
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. Convergent in birds.
union of egg and spermatozoan
forest biomes are dominated by trees, otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality.
An animal that eats mainly insects or spiders.
fertilization takes place within the female's body
offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes).
having the capacity to move from one place to another.
This terrestrial biome includes summits of high mountains, either without vegetation or covered by low, tundra-like vegetation.
the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.
active during the night
having more than one female as a mate at one time
an animal that mainly eats blood
breeding is confined to a particular season
remains in the same area
reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female
associates with others of its species; forms social groups.
uses touch to communicate
Coniferous or boreal forest, located in a band across northern North America, Europe, and Asia. This terrestrial biome also occurs at high elevations. Long, cold winters and short, wet summers. Few species of trees are present; these are primarily conifers that grow in dense stands with little undergrowth. Some deciduous trees also may be present.
that region of the Earth between 23.5 degrees North and 60 degrees North (between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle) and between 23.5 degrees South and 60 degrees South (between the Tropic of Capric


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Dynamic Chiropractic – January 1, 2009, Vol. 27, Issue 01
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Physics for Chiropractors
Calculating the Energy Density of a Therapy Laser
By Phil Harrington, DC, CMLSO
If you are planning on adding a therapeutic laser to your practice, you have plenty of unanswered questions and a lot of decisions to make. On the clinical level, you want to know how it works: which conditions it will benefit and how to incorporate laser therapy with your existing chiropractic techniques and modalities. On the business level, you need to determine how much to invest, what return on investment you can expect and how to adjust office flow to accommodate this exciting new modality.
Before tackling those complicated issues, it would help to examine the basics. Here are some key physics concepts that you must understand when buying a therapy laser: power and power density, wavelength, mode of delivery (continuous wave, pulsed and superpulsed), energy and energy density.
This article will help you calculate the energy density of a therapy laser. The pertinent physical quantities and associated units are as follows:
Before performing any calculations of energy density, be sure that all quantities are expressed in their proper units; i.e., convert time in minutes to time in seconds. The power of a therapy laser is measured in watts, and one milliwatt is one-thousandth of a watt: 1 mW = 0.001 W. Lasers used by chiropractors range in power from 5 mW up to 10 W. Convert the milliwatts to watts before doing any calculation (i.e., 5 mW = 0.005 W). You can think of the power of a laser just like the brightness of a light bulb: the higher the wattage, the brighter the laser light. Power is the time rate of delivery of energy, and the three are related by the following equation:
Power = Energy/Time
Therefore, you can calculate the energy delivered by a therapy laser by multiplying the power times the time. For example, the energy delivered by a 100 mW laser in three minutes would be (converting the 100 mW to 0.1 W and the three minutes to 180 seconds):
Energy = Power x Time = 0.1W x 180 s = 18 J
To calculate the energy density, simply divide the energy in joules by the area in square centimeters as follows:
Energy Density = Energy/Area
For example, let's say the 18 J from the previous calculation is delivered to three different areas: 100 cm2 (the area of a man's palm), 5.5 cm2 (the area of a postage stamp) and 0.4 cm2 (the area of a pencil eraser). As you can see from the chart [at right], 18 J of energy can produce widely varying amounts of energy density, depending on the size of the area being treated.
Quantity Unit of Measurement (Abbreviation)
Power Watts (W)
Area Square Centimeters (cm2)
Time Seconds (s)
Energy Joules (J)
Energy Density J/cm2
If the laser probe is held in one spot during treatment, you will need to determine the area of the laser-output spot size. When treating a larger area, you will need to measure and calculate the area in square centimeters. One way to estimate the area is to measure the area of your palm and count the number of "palms" treated on the patient. Then multiply this number by the area of your palm.
Energy density can also be called treatment dose or fluence.1 I prefer the term energy density to make sure it is distinct from simply "energy." Energy measures the ability to do work, whereas energy density measures the concentration of that energy over a specific area. As the chart above shows, an amount of energy can produce significantly different values of energy density. The two are not equivalent.
Area Energy Density of 18 J
100 cm2 0.18 J/cm2
5.5 cm2 3.3 J/cm2
0.4 cm2 45 J/cm2
If the energy density is too low, it will not biostimulate tissue, but if it is too high it will inhibit healing or even cause damage. An analogy: If you spread a gallon of water over an entire parched football field, you would have very few blades of green grass, and if you dumped that entire gallon onto a very small spot, you would have mud. The key to watering grass is getting the right amount of water per unit area, and the key to laser therapy is delivering the proper amount of laser energy per unit area.
What is the right amount? "Biostimulation has been reported in the literature with doses from as low as 0.001 J/cm2 to 10 J/cm2 and more. There is a great difference between irradiating naked calls in the laboratory and treating a deep-lying pain condition. In fact, a 'dose' is a very complicated issue. It is a matter of wavelength, power density, type of tissue, condition of the tissue, chronic or acute problem, pigmentation, treatment technique and so forth. However, there is certainly a 'therapeutic dose window.'"2 In their text, Tuner and Hode suggest an energy density of 2-4 J/cm2 for superficial pain and 4-10 J/cm2 for deep-lying pain.3
The primary goal of this article is to help physics-challenged chiropractors calculate the energy density of a therapy laser. Further discussion of appropriate energy densities will be left for another column.
 1. Tuner J, Hode L. Laser Therapy: Clinical Practice and Scientific Background. Grängesberg, Sweden: Prima Books, p. 70.
 2. Ibid, p. 72.
 3. Ibid, p. 73.
Dr. Phil Harrington is a certified medical laser safety officer and serves on the subcommittee reviewing the ANSI Standards for Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities. He is a 1996 Palmer graduate and also holds a bachelor's degree in physics. Dr. Harrington is the senior vice-president of K-Laser USA (_URL_).
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As a pronoun
When all is used as a pronoun to mean everything, it is translated by todo:
 - is that all? =?eso es todo?
 - all was well = todo estaba bien
When all is followed by a that clause, all that is translated by todo lo que:
 - after all (that) we've done = después de todo lo que hemos hecho
 - that was all (that) he said = eso es todo lo que dijo
When all is used to refer to a specified group of people or objects, the translation reflects the number and gender of the people or objects referred to: todos is used for a group of people or objects of masculine or mixed gender, and todas for a group of feminine gender:
 - we were all delighted = estábamos todos contentísimos
 - where are the cups? – they're all in the kitchen =?dónde están las tazas? – están todas en la cocina
As an adjective
When all is used as an adjective, the translation, todo, reflects the number and gender of the noun which it modifies:
 - all the money = todo el dinero
 - all the beer = toda la cerveza
 - all the men/women = todos los hombres/todas las mujeres
When all as an adjective has the sense of any or every, it can be translated by todo in the singular:
 - all good teachers know it = todo buen profesor lo sabe or todos los buenos profesores lo saben
 - all kinds o sorts of cars = todo tipo de coche or todos los tipos de coche
As an adverb
As an adverb meaning completely, all is generally translated either by the adverb completamente or by the pronoun todo. If the translation is todo, it reflects the number and gender of the adjective:
 - it's all wet = está todo mojado
 - she was dressed all in black = iba toda vestida de negro
For more examples and particular usages, see the entries for all
See more from Grammar Notes


text:
A recent article by Klauss Issler, PhD, explores the connection of Christ and commerce.
Issler found in the Synoptic gospels- Matthew, Mark, and Luke- that work is mentioned in 32 of the 37 parables.
Work however, is not the only thing mentioned. It appears that work is not the only topic mentioned. Issler found that Christ seemed to also have a positive view of commerce.
The blog of the Institute for Faith, Work, and Economics explores this topic:
"For example, in the Lord's Prayer (Matt. 6:9–13), Jesus uses a commercial term for "debts" to help explain the spiritual reality of being forgiven for sin. Additionally, in Matthew 6:26 and the parallel passages Christ uses specifically commercial terms of exchange and profit to explain the overwhelming value of the soul.
Much like the commentary on work, Christ's use of commercial terms does not validate all forms of economic activity. In fact, Christ is particularly harsh toward those who engage in unjust commerce in the Temple (Matt. 21:12–13). The purpose and means by which economics are conducted determine whether commercial transactions are good. Still, the presence of economic language in Christ's lessons in the Synoptic Gospels allows us to have a positive view of commerce."
To read the rest of the post and the three reasons Issler found for the use of Christ's language of vocation and economics, click HERE.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Creating JavaFX sequences in Java programs (Part I)
By Michael Heinrichs on Jun 15, 2008
The last article explained, how sequences are represented in the runtime and touched some of the possibilities to create new JavaFX sequences in Java programs. This article and the follow-up will focus on sequence-creation and give an overview of additional possibilities.
The helper-class Sequences
The helper class Sequences in the package com.sun.javafx.runtime.sequence provides a number of methods to create sequences. Most of them have also been presented in the last article.
The methods can be divided in two groups. The first group are distinct factory methods. They create a new sequence from some kind of elements-list:
- make() - Creates a sequence from a java.util.List, a part of an array or from explicitly listed elements.
- fromArray() - Creates a sequence from the elements of an array.
- fromCollection - Creates a new sequence with the elements of a given Collection. Since the elements of a Collection are unordered there is no guarantee about the order in the sequence.
- range / rangeExclusive() - Creates sequences, which represent Integeror Number-intervals.
- singleton - Creates a sequence with a single element.
- emptySequence() - Creates an empty sequence.
The second group alters an existing sequence. As sequences are implemented immutable, a new sequence is created and returned.
- concatenate() - Creates a new sequence by concatenating sequences.
- filter() - Creates a new sequence by masking out some of the elements of a sequence.
- reverse - Creates a new sequence by reversing the order of a sequence.
- subsequence - Creates a sequence, which is a fragment of a sequence.
- upcast - Creates a new sequence by upcasting the elements of a sequence.
- map - Creates a sequence which one would get after applying a mapping-function to the elements of a sequence. The mapping-function must be defined by implementing the interface SequenceMapper, which is also part of the package com.sun.javafx.runtime.sequence.
- sort - Creates a new sequence by sorting the elements of a given sequence. The order can be induced either by the natural order of the elements, if they implement java.util.Comparable, or by providing a java.util.Comparator of the elements.
The class SequenceBuilder
The SequenceBuilder in the package com.sun.javafx.runtime.sequence provides a convenient way to create sequences incrementally. It is similar to the class StringBuilder, which creates Strings.
An instance of SequenceBuilder can only create one sequence at a time. It starts with an empty sequence to which elements are appended by calling one of its add()-methods. The result can be extracted by calling the method toSequence().

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
This is because the text variable has a While scope, so it's being kept from iteration to iteration. That means when it is not set with the file text value, because of the Read Text File exception (e.g. 5.txt), then it keeps the previous value (e.g. the 4.txt text).
So when we change the scope to
Process one file, variable
text is a null value after the
append operation? How does it rid itself of the previous value?
I think this might require a technical answer related to
try catch blocks but unsure.
I tried the debugger and watched the value of text which still retains the current value until
Process one file is closed and the While loop boolean condition executes at which point it is delisted from the table of variables so I think this is something unique to try catch blocks in that this happens.


text:
The National Association of Social Workers is committed to advancing policies and practices that will improve the status and wellbeing of all lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. NASW has long held the position that persons of same gender sexual orientation should be afforded all the same rights as persons of other-gender orientation; recently affirming support for same-sex marriage and support for expansion of the Violence Against Women Act to extend to LGBT persons.
NASW and its chapters participate in coalition with other human rights, social action, and professional associations to lobby for the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender person. PRIDE Month provides an opportunity to learn more about the diversity of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender communities.
TAKE ACTION and support the Employment Non Discrimination Act (ENDA) which prohibits employment discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.Tags: Advocacy, human rights, lgbt, pride month, social justice, social work
Posted in Advocacy, Government Relations Action Alert, NASW Foundation, Practice and Professional Development, Professional Development |

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: The biggest source of splendour is Nature. You call it splendor when you see vast amounts of land(yellow spot) or vegetation(green spot). When there is large open space, there is a lot of open blue sky(blue spot in the middle). Another thing from nature you call splendor is sun - sunsets and sunrises(the red spot). And water, don't forget the water(dark blue). And this takes to the storms. The seconds before the storm could be magnificent, or splendid - splendor(the bordeaux stain). The storm is a bird-like figure in the upper middle, combination of bordeaux, red and dark blue.


Dog Injuries Due To Leash Straining
Dog Leash Straining
"Who is walking whom?"
This question pops into my mind whenever I see owners being dragged down the street by their dogs. Leash pulling usually becomes a complaint only after a large dog has finally succeeding in pulling its owners off their feet, with resultant injury or embarrassment.
Most cases of leash pulling involve dogs that have become accommodated to the discomfort of a choke chain, pinch collar or even a leather collar. Some of them cease pulling only long enough to cough, some even regurgitate or take a few deep breaths, then continue struggling forward.
Most dog owners have no idea that their frustrated leash-pulling dog might actually suffer physical injury during their daily tug-of-war. However, in a Swedish study by the noted behaviorist Anders Hallgren, of 400 dog owners who agreed to have their dog's spines X-rayed, 63% were found to have spinal injuries. Of the injured dogs with neck (cervical) injuries, 91% had experience harsh jerks on the leash or were serious leash strainers! Among aggressive or overactive dogs, 78% had spinal injuries.
Head harnesses are very effective in controlling even the most straining of dogs and should be seriously considered.


text:
ON GTV 28 on the 28th September Pt. Jagmohan Persaud sought to explain his rationale for celebrating Diwali on the 30th October. He explained that he carried over the Tithi (moon's phase), which ended at 1:37pm on the 29th, to sunrise on the 30th. There is a system which Astrologers use, which says, "A Tithi which prevails at sunrise is deemed to be the Tithi for that day until the next sunrise." However, this is for Astrological purpose only. Every Tithi has a life-span – its duration. Amaavasya Tithi, for example, runs from 11:09am on the 29th to 1:37pm on the 30th, a period of 26 hours 28 minutes. The moon changes to the next phase at 1:38pm; it does not wait on anyone. Extending the phase beyond 1:37pm is artificial; it is not real; it does not happen. For religious purposes, the rule is, "Where a Tithi requires the performance of a Vrat (religious act), that performance must be within the period of the Tithi." Diwali must be observed within the time-frame of the moon's phase. The period after 1:37pm is not considered auspicious.
Secondly, some persons posit the view that Diwali is to be observed on the darkest night. This is a popular misconception. According to all texts, Diwali is celebrated on the evening of the New Moon (Amaavasya). They refer to NASA Moon Calendar for support. But NASA agrees with all of our Panchaanga (Astrological Tables) as regards the time of the Full Moon and New Moon. Does NASA say that the night of the 30th October is the 'darkest night?' No! NASA says: (1) The Moon's darkest phase is on the 30th, and (2) the New Moon ends at 1:37pm on the 30th. What NASA is saying is that the Moon's darkest phase will be at 1:37pm on the 30th October. The Moon starts to get bigger and brighter after 1:37pm. The night of the 30th, therefore, is not the darkest period; 1:37pm is.
Each of the Moon's 30 phases can occur at any time of the day, not necessarily during the night. Full moon, for example, can be at 8:00am; it starts to get smaller and darker after 8:00am. Similarly, with the New Moon, it can be during the day, like on the 30th. However, because of the sunlight, we do not see them. Those who celebrate Diwali on the evening of the 30th will be doing so during the bright period of the moon. The evening of Amaavasya, 29th October, may not be the darkest, but the end of Amaavasya (1:37pm on the 30th) definitely is. The Moon changes its position at 1:37pm from Amaavasya to Pratipada, the first lunar day in the bright fortnight.
Pt. R. Balbadar


text:
Parallel first-year courses join for consumption studies
Many Cornell students cap their academic careers with a public presentation of their research during Student Symposium. But for first-year students in parallel sociology and geology courses, a chance to practice began with their very first Cornell course.
The two First-year Seminar courses intersected around the theme of consumption, culminating in small group projects examining the way physical objects such as cars, computers, and blue jeans affect people's behavior, and the way consumer behavior impacts the world around us.
Students from both courses were brought together weekly to develop ideas and strengthen their research and presentation skills. After conducting independent research during their respective courses, they regrouped near the end of the block to integrate their work and develop a poster to present on the Orange Carpet.
One team studied the life cycle of the cacao bean. While the geology students in Emily Walsh's class focused on issues like ideal soil pH and climate for the cacao plants, Erin Davis's sociology students looked at the personal and social factors that influence chocolate consumption. Their ideas coalesced around the Fair Trade model, which aims to simultaneously benefit local ecosystems and satisfy socially-minded consumers, with better-paid farmers using more traditional farming practices as the key link.
Celeste Torrence, a member of the sociology class, said the project taught her two important lessons:
"First, everything we do is a way to represent ourselves as individuals. From how we act to the kind of chocolate we buy, it's a constant process of constructing an individuality. The second point that really affected me was realizing how my personal consumption affects others. Through what I consume, I can either support the ethical treatment of workers and development of economies, or I can support cyclical poverty."
For Rachel Moline, another course highlight was a joint field trip to nearby Abbe Hills Farm that brought home similar lessons earlier in the block.
"At first I wasn't exactly sure why we were there and what it had to do with our course," she said. "But when I understood the context—seeing her respect for the land and knowledge of local geography—it all came together and made sense in terms of how she serves her customers with a community-supported model and farming practices that are healthier for the environment and for people."


text:
Also found in: Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.
Related to beefsteak fungus: Maitake mushroom
(Plants) an edible reddish bracket fungus, Fistulina hepatica, that grows esp on oak trees and oozes a bloodlike juice
Switch to new thesaurus
|Noun||1.||beefsteak fungus - a popular edible fungus with a cap the color of liver or raw meat; abundant in southeastern United States|
polypore, pore fungus, pore mushroom - woody pore fungi; any fungus of the family Polyporaceae or family Boletaceae having the spore-bearing surface within tubes or pores; the fruiting bodies are usually woody at maturity and persistent


text:
|Jun20-12, 12:27 PM||#1|
Confused about image size in plane, concave, or convex mirrors
So I know these equations
1/f = 1/p + 1/i
m = -i/p
f: focal length
p: object distance from mirror
i: image distance from mirror
Let's say that I have an object in front of a concave or convex mirror with the same |f|. p is much larger than the radius of curvature. Based on the equations above, |m|<1. Also, |m| should be nearly same for both mirrors. Does this mean that the images produced by the two mirrors would appear to be about the same size?
Also, if I replace the concave or convex mirror with a plane mirror (while keeping p the same), |m| would be 1 for the image. Does this mean that the image produced by the plane mirror would appear to be larger than the image produced by the concave/convex mirrors?
(I tried to check this using a spoon, but the spoons I have are not very reflective...)
|Jun20-12, 02:56 PM||#2|
Yes to all.
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text:
Hajdukiewicz Genealogy and Family History
The earliest occurrence of the Hajdukiewicz surname in our family history documents is from 1888, and we currently have 245 records where Hajdukiewicz appears.
We found more Hajdukiewiczs in other family trees.Start your family tree
to discover them.
Typical jobs for Hajdukiewiczs
Hajdukiewiczs had very few recorded occupations in the 1901 Census.
Where most Hajdukiewiczs lived
Hajdukiewiczs had very few recorded places of residence in the 1901 Census.
Hajdukiewiczs' criminal history
It seems all Hajdukiewiczs were law-abiding. We found no criminal records.
Hajdukiewiczs in World War I
No Hajdukiewiczs were recorded as serving in the First World War in Findmypast's records.


text:
At the seder, the festive meal that marks the beginning of the holiday of Passover which begins Friday, the youngest child is encouraged to launch the retelling of the Passover story by asking the age-old question: "Why is this night different from all other nights?
Given that Passover always falls during tax season, one could rephrase the question slightly with regards to the donation tax credit and ask: "Why is this credit different from all other tax credits?"
The answer is that while most non-refundable tax credits, such as the basic personal amount, age amount, spouse or common-law partner amount, and so forth, are calculated at the lowest credit rate, when it comes to charitable donations, a two-tiered credit system applies.
You can claim a federal non-refundable tax credit of 15% for the first $200 of annual charitable donations. The federal credit rate jumps to 29% for cumulative donations above $200. These rates are equal to the tax rate of the lowest federal bracket (income below about $45,000) and the highest bracket (income above approximately $139,000) respectively.
So why the two-tiered credit system only for charitable donations?
Its history can be traced back to the 1988 federal tax reform that converted various tax deductions into credits. The theory behind the two-tiered approach is that since donations are purely voluntary, if the credit was set at the low credit rate, it may have resulted in a decline of donations from high-income earners who were used to getting a deduction at their high, marginal tax rates.
The result of our two-tiered system is that small gifts below $200 are equivalent to a deduction by a person in the lowest bracket while donations over the $200 threshold are equivalent to a deduction at the top bracket, regardless of whether the taxpayer is, in fact, actually in the top bracket.
So it makes sense to claim more than $200 annually. Or, if you claim less, save the claim for a future year (there is a five-year carryforward).
When provincial credits are added to the federal ones, your total credit can be as high as 50%, depending on your province of residence. Interestingly, while both Quebec and Ontario introduced new high-income brackets in 2013, the provincial donation credit rates in those provinces remain unchanged, thus at these high-income levels, the credit is not as valuable as a deduction would have been.
In its recent budget, Alberta's revenue-strapped government announced a reduction in its provincial tax credit for donations, beginning next year. Currently, Albertans who give over $200 annually to charity can claim a 21% provincial donation credit, despite the fact that Alberta's current flat provincial tax rate is only 10%.
Alberta's unusually high credit was the result of a 2007 enhancement meant to encourage higher donation levels. But, as the recent budget stated, while the enhanced credit gave existing donors significant additional tax savings, it had limited success in encouraging higher total donations and as a result was deemed to be "not an effective tax measure."
As a result, Alberta's rate for donations over $200 in 2016 will be returned to 12.75%, the rate in effect prior to 2007, resulting in an estimated $90 million of tax savings annually to the province's coffers.
Finally, keep in mind that if you are a "first-time donor," you can take advantage of the temporary First-Time Donor's Super Credit, which provides an additional 25% federal non-refundable tax credit on up to $1,000 of donations.


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The power of family engagement at it's best: how my daughter became the inspiration for a new planetarium show.
With my youngest daughter having just started her GCSEs, she spent a good part of last year deciding on her options. It was predetermined that she would study Triple Science, giving her a deeper understanding of physics. Having shown an interest in astronomy as a profession, she was happy with the Triple Science option as it seemed the only chance she'd get to study astronomy and space science via standard GCSEs.
Well this got me thinking, and I realised that there was an opportunity here to create a dedicated planetarium show for GCSE students. Drawing from the topics listed in both GCSE Physics and Astronomy, The GCSE Roadshow is designed to support teachers of these subjects, both in schools and colleges, and in centres for adult learning. To find out more, visit the webpage here


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The "Methane" experiment was proposed during the TransCom 2008 meeting in Utrecht. The first protocol was discussed during the post-ICDC8 TransCom meeting in Jena, followed by the final protocol in 2010. Since then 16 models or model variants have performed the simulations. Previous TransCom experiments focused on chemically non-reactive species (SF6, CO2, 222Rn). A CH4 intercomparison requires introduction of atmospheric chemistry, which means a significant new model development for the traditional TransCom participants. However, to focus on model transport properties, the CH4 chemistry is reduced to offline radical (OH, O1D, Cl) only, which means the full-chemistry modellers have to scale down chemistry. During discussion at Jena, methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) was included for tracking tropospheric OH abundance in the models, as well as SF6 and 222Rn for model transport evaluations. Prescribed fluxes are input to a transport model and 20 years of simulation is run with meteorological forcing appropriate for _PHONE_. Hourly concentrations of all species are output for 280 locations. At 115 locations, species profiles, surface fluxes and meteorological variables are also output.
The protocol (version 7). It details the input fluxes, regridding instructions and lists of the output sites and required file formats (similar to TransCom continuous experiment). Instructions are included for accessing the ftp site for downloading input files and uploading model submissions.
The model output is freely available for research purposes but please note the "conditions of use". The data are available in two formats: the original model submissions containing output for all sites. Output files can be downloaded from ftp fxp.nies.go.jp (refer to the Protocol files for access information). In an effort towards ease of access, time series at a subset of surface sites are archived at the WMO World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (_URL_
publications and presentations
Patra, P. K., S. Houweling, M. Krol, P. Bousquet, L. Bruhwiler, and D. Jacob (2010), Protocol for TransCom CH4 intercomparison, Version 7, April (available online at transcom.project.asu.edu/pdf/transcom/T4.methane.protocol_v7.pdf ).
Patra, P. K., S. Houweling, M. Krol, P. Bousquet, D. Belikov, D. Bergmann, H. Bian, P. Cameron-Smith, M. P. Chipperfield, K. Corbin, A. Fortems-Cheiney, A. Fraser, E. Gloor, P. Hess, A. Ito, S. R. Kawa, R. M. Law, Z. Loh, S. Maksyutov, L. Meng, P. I. Palmer, R. G. Prinn, M. Rigby, R. Saito, C. Wilson, TransCom model simulations of CH4 and related species: Linking transport, surface flux and chemical loss with CH4 variability in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., Submitted, 2011.
presentations at the 10th TransCom workshop, University of California, Berkeley, 2010, (Saturday Session) are available on the TransCom-CH4 FTP server at NIES.
for more information


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William M. Jardine
U.S. Secretary of Agriculture (_PHONE_), educator. Born: January 16, 1879, Oneida Co., Idaho. Died: January 17, 1955, San Antonio, Tex.
Several Kansans were to play roles in national politics during the 1920s. One of these, William Marion Jardine, was to become Secretary of Agriculture during the presidency of Calvin Coolidge. As one of the first Kansans to gain a cabinet level position at the national level, he was quite instrumental in directing a farm program that had become economically depressed during the post World War I period.
Although not a native Kansan, Jardine had become well known to many levels of the farming community. Prior to his selection to this cabinet level position he had served as Dean of the School of Agriculture at Kansas State Agricultural College (Kansas State University) and subsequently was to become president of that institution from 1918 - 1925.
Not only was Jardine a practitioner of farming methods having been born and raised on a farm, but early in his career became an authority on soils and farm crops and wrote extensively on agriculture. His bulletins and articles on such subjects were distributed and widely read in farm circles. Because of this recognition and authority, and the position he was to take on measures for farm relief, his selection as Secretary of Agriculture came as no surprise to the vocal Farm Bloc.
As Secretary of Agriculture, Jardine was a competent administrator and was to prove an effective bulwark against those in favor of governmental price-fixing of surplus crops and commodities. He was a strong advocate of the farm cooperative movement, which was later to become a major feature of the farming community.
Following his tenure as Secretary of Agriculture, President Hoover appointed Jardine as Ambassador to Egypt in 1930. Upon his return to this country in 1933, Gov. Alf Landon appointed him a temporary Kansas State Treasurer in the wake of the Finney Bond Scandal. Jardine resigned from that position in April 1934 and became the president of the University of Wichita (now Wichita State University). Having reached the school's retirement age of 70, he retired in June 1949.
Entry: Jardine, William M.
Author: Kansas Historical Society
Author information: The Kansas Historical Society is a state agency charged with actively safeguarding and sharing the state's history.
Date Created: December 2004
Date Modified: January 2013
The author of this article is solely responsible for its content.


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Leveraging data to speed the transition to low-carbon production
European dairy cooperative Arla has developed the program Climate Checks, using a standardised tool which identifies the carbon footprint of its dairy farm suppliers. The data collected includes the CO2 footprint of 95% of Arla's milk pool in 2020, totalling 7,986 farms across seven European countries.
The Climate Checks tool will be used for internal benchmarking, knowledge sharing across the industry and for scientific analysis to accelerate decarbonisation of dairy.
Data is collected, collated and interpreted to calculate on-farm footprints of Arla farms in the six countries. The data identifies five universal levers, which explain the majority of differences between the carbon footprint of individual farms regardless of size, geography, breed or landscape conditions. The levers include
- better feed efficiency to improve milk yield;
- precision feeding reducing surplus protein in feed rations
- precise fertiliser management to reduce nitrogen surplus from feed production;
- a healthy and long life for the cow to improve milk yield and
- better land use management for better crop yields.
With the tool, Arla has identified it produces raw milk with a footprint of 1.15kg of CO2e per kg milk, making it a climate efficient global milk producer compared to the UN FAO average of 2.5kg of CO2e per kg milk.
By 2030, Arla aims to reduce its carbon footprint by 30% (from 2015 levels) to reach net zero by 2050. Arla farmer members are aiming to triple the pace of decarbonisation on farm.


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Journal Article > Review
Stroud L, Wong BM, Hollenberg E, Levinson W. Acad Med. 2013;88:884-892.
When an error has occurred, many physicians choose their words carefully—failing to explicitly describe the error, acknowledge responsibility, or express sympathy to patients. This in part occurs because training in error disclosure is not a standard component of medical school or residency curricula. This review found that when implemented, error disclosure training generally resulted in improved knowledge and self-reported comfort with the disclosure process. However, few studies assessed whether training led to real-world behavior change. A difficult case of error disclosure is discussed in an AHRQ WebM&M commentary.


This guide will help you to setup an Edge Server on you host computer. You can use the same information to host the edge server locally in your private network, On-premises, or in your cloud provider.
Step 1: Run Edge Server Container
Datafi self hosted Edge Servers are containerized, they can be run anywhere a Docker container can run. If you don't have a Docker environment, you can start by installing Docker on your host computer.
Complete the following steps to setup a local Edge Server.
These step-by-step instructions will show you how to setup an Edge Server on your host computer and connect a MySQL database. You can use the same steps to connect other supported data sources by using the specific Datafi CLI dfcli parameters.
 1. Install Docker Desktop and complete the setup steps (ref: _URL_ )
 2. Verify Docker has been installed by running the following command and confirm the Hello from Docker! reply:
 docker run hello-world

 3. Open the Terminal and run the following commands to pull and then run the latest dfcli container image:
 docker pull datafi/cli:latest

 docker run --rm -ti -v ~/temp:/es/out datafi/cli:latest

 The CLI container will export to the /es/out folder and connects a local directory (~/temp). Instead of ~/temp you can use any local directory.
 4. The previous step runs the CLI container and installs dfcli. Use dfcli to generate the environment variable used while running the Edge Server. Run the following command in the bash shell from the previous step.
 dfcli dataset --endpoint <IP address or host name where the Edge Server will run> --type mysql --name <name of your dataset> --pointOfContact <your email address> --address <IPP address of host name of your mysql server> --dbname <database name> --username <database user> --password <user password> add

 The above command adds a MySQL database. The parameters will be different for each data source. Run dfcli dataset to see the parameters for the available data sources.
 This step will connect to the data source with the provided credentials. It will generate a key.txt file in the es/out folder. The key.txt file will be used in Setp 5 when running the container. Before continuing, copy the unique URL for the dataset which will be used in setp 6.
 Enter exit to quite the CLI.
 5. Run the Edge Server container with the key.txt file as an environment variable.
 docker pull datafi/es:latest

 docker run --rm -p 443:443 -e KEY=$(cat ~/temp/key.txt) datafi/es:latest

 Once started, you should see Edge Server started in the logs
 6. Use the URL copied from step 4 to connect the Edge Server and add the dataset to your Datafi workspace. Note: Log into your workspace before opening the link from your browser. Signed up for a free Datafi account here.
Step 2: Configure your Dataset
After completing Step 1, you should see the Edit Dataset dialog which will allow you to configure and edit the details for the dataset. Once this is saved, you will be redirected to the Catalog
(The dialog can be accessed again any time by clicking the Edit icon of the dataset you are currently active on, in case you close it before you are finished or want to make a change.)
Overview
In the dataset Overview you can update the name, description, and tags for your dataset. This information is used to help other users find this dataset and it's contents.
Rules
The rules sections allows you to create security access and data privacy rules that can mask specific fields in your dataset's tables. Rules control how data is seen by users.
Step 3: Viewing your data
Data can be viewed in your workspace and shared with other users.


publicity tips such as organizing a launch party. Rick Benzel & Susan Shankin's Launch It! not only provides a clear step-by-step game plan, but addresses common obstacles and provides keys to overcoming them with the goal of getting one's great book idea into print successfully, then promoting it to the public through basic marketing strategies. Many competing titles address the new writer's concern of how to produce a book, but few others incorporate the additional steps needed to understand not just the writing and creative development process, but the work of publishing and promoting one's words. Benzel and Shankin explain that the ultimate goal goes beyond publishing and explores what makes one's book unique and how to transform publishing a book into greater results such as becoming a speaker, workshop leader, or highly sought-after consultant.
Launch It! is about launching more than one's dreams, seeing them come to fruition in a logical, organized manner that acknowledges common barriers and provides the tools to overcome them. Those interested in self-publishing models for success who have something important for readers and, in these days of often working from home, more time to pass on their wisdom to others will find Launch It! an encouraging and comprehensive blueprint that takes the complex world of book publishing and synthesizes its process into seven key segments that would-be authors can easily understand and employ. Highly recommended.
The Women Writers Handbook
Ann Sandham, editor
Aurora Metro Books
c/o Publishers Group West (dist.)
9781912430338, $19.99, PB, 224pp
25 Great Sentences and How They Got That Way
Geraldine Woods
W. W. Norton & Company
500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110
9781324004851, $25.95, HC, 336pp,
Synopsis: We all know the basic structure of a sentence: a subject/verb pair expressing a complete thought and ending with proper punctuation. But that classroom definition doesn't begin to describe the ways in which these elements can combine to resonate with us as we read, to make us stop and think, laugh or cry.
In "25 Great Sentences and How They Got That Way", master teacher Geraldine Woods unpacks powerful examples of what she instead prefers to define as "the smallest element differentiating one writer's style from another's, a literary universe in a grain of sand." And that universe is very large: the hundreds of memorable sentences gathered here come from sources as wide-ranging as Edith Wharton and Yogi Berra, Toni Morrison and Yoda, T. S. Eliot and Groucho Marx.
Culled from fiction, nonfiction, drama, poetry, song lyrics, speeches, and even ads, these exemplary sentences are celebrated for the distinctive features (whether of structure, diction, connection/comparison, sound, or extremes) that underlie their beauty, resonance, and creativity. With dry humor and an infectious enjoyment that makes her own sentences a pleasure to read, Woods shows us the craft that goes into the construction of a memorable sentence.
Each chapter finishes with an enticing array of exercises for those who want to test their skill at a particular one of the featured twenty-five techniques, such as onomatopoeia (in the Sound section) or parallelism (in the Structure section).
"25 Great Sentences and How They Got That Way" will be treasured by word nerds and language enthusiasts, writers who want to hone their craft, literature lovers, and readers of everything from song lyrics and speeches to novels and poetry.
Critique: An inherently fascinating read for anyone with an interest in the English language and storytelling, "25 Great Sentences and How They Got That Way" is very highly recommended, especially for community, college, and university library Grammar, Rhetoric, and Linguistics Reference collections, it should be noted for the personal reading lists of writers, linguists, students, academia, and non-specialist general readers with an interest in the subject that "25 Great Sentences and How They Got That Way" is also readily available in a digital book format (Kindle, $13.64).
Editorial Note: Geraldine Woods has taught English at every level from fifth grade through Advanced Placement, most recently at the Horace Mann School. She is the author of numerous nonfiction books for adults and children..
You Should Be Writing
Brenda Knight, author
Nita Sweeney, author
Mango Publishing
9781642502558, $15.95, PB, 180pp,
Synopsis: From famous all-time-great poets like T.S. Eliot to modern creatives like Roxane Gay, the selected writing quotes comprising "You Should Be Writing: A Journal of Inspiration & Instruction to Keep Your Pen Moving" aim to instruct and inspire novice and experienced writers alike to become a better writer.
Featuring a writing practice on every page. This is a DIY journal that will prove to be invaluable aspiring and practicing writers everywhere. With quotes from a diverse group of historical and modern authors to use as creative prompts on every page, writers will be able to bring their writing inspiration with them wherever they are.
Additionally, "You Should Be Writing" features plenty of great advice, such as Toni Morrison's encouragement, "As a writer, a failure is just information. It's something that I've done wrong in writing, or is inaccurate or unclear. I recognize failure - which is important; some people don't - and fix it."
Critique: A DIY consumable that makes it unadvisable for community and academic library Writing/Publishing collections, "You Should Be Writing: A Journal of Inspiration & Instruction to Keep Your Pen Moving" is ideal as a curriculum text for creative writing classes and is especially recommended for any writer struggling with writer's block. It should be noted that "You Should Be Writing: A Journal of Inspiration & Instruction to Keep Your Pen Moving" is also readily available in a digital book format (Kindle, $19.92).
Editorial Note: Brenda Knight began her career at HarperCollins, working with luminaries Paolo Coelho, Marianne Williamson, and Huston Smith. Knight was awarded IndieFab's Publisher of the Year in 2014 at the American Library Association. Knight is a successful poet, writer, and editor who also serves as President of the Women's National Book Association, San Francisco Chapter, and is an instructor at the annual San Francisco Writers Conference, Central Coast Writers Conference.
Nita Sweeney's articles, essays, and poems have appeared in Buddhist America, Dog World, Dog Fancy, Writer's Journal, Country Living, Pitkin Review, Spring Street, WNBA-SF blog, and in several newspapers and newsletters. She writes the blog, BumGlue and publishes the monthly email, Write Now Newsletter.
Carrie Rubin
Bernard Mann
Deborah Brosseau
Carol & Richard Meredith
Maly M. Kiendl -- "At The Door"
Laima Howell -- "My Community"
Robert Stern -- "Socially Distanced"
Genevieve LaGreca -- "Noble Vision"
Susan Rubin -- "The Road Not Taken"
Liesel Soley -- "Can You Be An Artist?"
LeAnn Neal Reilly -- "Saint Sebastian's Head"
Chere Sampson -- "Can You See What I See?"
Laura E. Jensen-Iimball -- "Dear Mr. Wasn't Me"
Mary Allen Reed -- "The Cowboy & the Cheerleader"
Anthony John Holliday -- "Clara Colby: The International Suffragist"
Tamara Dawson Bonnicksen -- "Farm Boy, City Girl: From Gene to Miss Gina"
Karen Thomas -- Thomas Public Relations
Elizabeth Waldman Frazier -- Waldmania!
Barbara C. Wall -- The Barrett Company, LLC
SupportMBR [at]
Jim Cox
Midwest Book Review
278 Orchard Drive, Oregon, WI, 53575
James A. Cox
Midwest Book Review
278 Orchard Drive
Oregon, WI 53575-1129
phone: _PHONE_
Copyright ©2001
Site design by Williams Writing, Editing & Design


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DBIx::IO - Abstraction layer for database I/O with auto-discovery of data dictionary.
Why yet another database abstraction layer module (DBAL)? I wrote this before there were any popular abstraction layers on top of DBI available, when DBI itself was just becoming popular. Therefore, I have taken a different approach than the others (Class::DBI and DBIx::Class, etc), providing a set of distinct advantages that are more fitting for some applications. This has been in use for many years at several production sites and I still use it for new projects so hopefully it will be useful to others.
Perhaps the most important advantage/distinction DBIx::IO has is auto-discovery of the data dictionary. Compare to Class::DBI and successors where the dictionary information must be duplicated in sub-classes. With auto-discovery there is less code to write/maintain and your DBA can make structural changes that will be immediately recognized. This avoids the hassle of keeping two data sources in sync.
See Cruddy! for a quick-start and example implementation:
Other advantages include:
Briefly, some advantages of using a DBAL in general:
Disadvantages include loss of flexibility for RDBMS-specific features, performance knobs, etc, though this can be somewhat accommodated in thoughtful design of your RDBMS-specific adapter.
This module has limited ability for defining relationships vs Class::DBI, etc. DBIx::IO::Mask allows simple meta-data relationships to be defined for the convenience of mapping human-readable to machine-efficient indentifiers (lookup tables). Anything more complex requires defining a view for SELECT's or overriding methods to INSERT or UPDATE related records. While the relationship definition features present in DBIx::Class et al can save some coding, they have limitations as well and those authors offer the very same suggestions (using views and overriding methods) for anything complex.
Adapters for Oracle and MySQL are stable - for others, volunteers are welcome (please contact me).
Sound database design is key - starting with a solid yet flexible schema, and leveraging SQL (views, user-defined functions with PL/SQL, etc) can save months of coding and ongoing maintenance. There are a few shortcuts within this library you can take advantage of if you use suggested naming conventions (see DBIx::IO::Table, DBIx::IO::Mask, etc). Briefly, for a given table PARENT_TABLE, a field named PARENT_TABLE.PARENT_TABLE_ID will be assumed the primary key; for a related table CHILD_TABLE, the column CHILD_TABLE.PARENT_TABLE_ID will be assumed a foreign key with a primary key in PARENT_TABLE.PARENT_TABLE_ID. An analagous relationship exists for CHILD_TABLE.PARENT_TABLE and PARENT_TABLE.PARENT_TABLE (same thing without the '_ID' appended). These assumptions can of course be overridden to fit your own best practices.
You probably won't ever use this module directly, from here you should probably review DBIx::IO::Table and DBIx::IO::Search. Enjoy!
Virtual base class - you won't use this module directly.
$io = new DBIx::IO($dbh,$table_name,[$key_name]); $qualified_value = $io->qualify($value,[$column_name],[$date_format],[$datatype]); $datatype = $io->column_type($field_name); $integer = $io->field_length($field_name); $bool = $io->required($field_name); $default_value = $io->default_value($field_name); $rv = $io->verify_datatype($value,[$field_name],[$type]); $row = $io->fetch($id_val_or_id_hash,[$key_name]); $rv = $io->delete_by_id($id_value,[$key_name]); $rv = $io->delete_all($id_hash); $rv = $io->update_hash($update_hash,$id_val_or_id_hash,[$date_format],[$hint]); $rv = $io->insert_hash($insert_hash,[$date_format]); $sth = $io->make_cursor($query_sql); $next_id_val = $io->next_id([$table_name]); $column_types = $io->column_types();
Get the values of these READ-ONLY attributes.
$table_name = $io->table_name(); $dbh = $io->dbh(); $key_name = $io->key_name(); May return undef if multi-part key.
Methods are provided to perform basic database I/O via DBI without having to embed SQL in your programs. Records are normally passed in and out in the form of hash references where keys of the hash represent columns (ALWAYS UPPER CASE), and the values are the corresponding column values. For inserts, the primary key is usually auto-generated, assuming a few obvious conditions are met (DWIM, see insert()). See DBIx::IO::GenLib for a discussion of the canonical date format, which will be used by default throughout these methods. Bind variables are generally not used so, for performance reasons, you may be better off NOT using these methods if favor of bind variables if high volumes of db IO will occur.
Virtual base class - must be subclassed by RDBMS-specific driver module. Please see driver-specific subclasses for details on many methods.
Warnings are handled similar to DBI, specifically, if the PrintError attribute is set in the db handle, errors/warnings will be displayed (PrintError is set by default).
$io = new DBIx::IO($dbh,$table_name,[$key_name]);
Create a new $io object for database I/O operations. A valid DBI (or DBIAccess) database handle must be given. $table_name must be given and its attributes and column names will be discovered and saved with the object. Return undef if unsuccessful or error. Return 0 if $table_name doesn't exist.
MySQL users: If your platform has case-sensitive table names (Linux/UNIX), do yourself a favor and set lower_case_table_names=1 in /etc/my.cnf and always use lower case names for tables.
$qualified_value = $io->qualify($value,[$column_name],[$date_format],[$datatype]);
Qualify $value and make it digestible by the db engine, usually for updates or inserts when bind variables are not involved. $column_name or $datatype must be given. If $column_name is given the column's datatype is taken from the column types discovered in the constructor. Otherwise you must manually specify $datatype. See DBIx::IO::GenLib for a list of supported datatypes and corresponding constants that may be used for $datatype.
For character datatypes this method strips null "\0" characters because DBI sees these characters as string terminators (a C standard). If for some reason null chars are desirable, use bind variables.
For dates, the canonical date format is assumed (see DBIx::IO::GenLib) unless $date_format is defined. If the date format is unknown or suspect, (e.g. dates entered by humans) assign the constant $UNKNOWN_DATE_FORMAT to $date_format and the format will be discovered via DBIx::IO::GenLib::normalize_date() (extremely convenient at the cost of performance).
If $value is undefined, $qualified_value will return as the string 'NULL'). Return undef if error.
See also insert_hash() and update_hash() for an implementation.
For performance considerations, refer to driver-specific docs for driver-specific implemented methods.
$rv = $io->verify_datatype($value,[$field_name],[$type]);
NOTE: Use DBIx::IO::GenLib::normalize_date to verify dates.
Verify the datatype of $value. Mostly useful for numerical values. $field_name or $type must be given.
Return 0 if a numeric type was required but not given. Return -1 if a decimal was given and will be rounded to an integer.
mysql users: Return -2 if a negative number was given for an unsigned integer type.
$default_value = $io->default_value($field_name);
Return the default value listed in the data dictionary for $field_name. See also column_types().
$bool = $io->required($field_name);
Return true if $field_name is listed as NOT NULL in the data dictionary. See also column_types().
$integer = $io->field_length($field_name);
Return the maximum length of $field_name according to the data dictionary. Length will be compensated for numbers with decimals, and sign. See also column_types().
$column_types = $io->column_types();
Get the column names and associated data types for $table_name (can be given to the constructor). The return value is a hash ref of column => datatype pairs. By convention, column names are in UPPER CASE. The column types are returned in UPPER CASE (not by convention, but compatible with the data types defined for use with qualify())
The attributes are cached for each table requested for any object of this class so the database may not be queried each time this method is called.
Oracle users: If $table_name is a concrete table (rather than a view, for instance) ROWID will be included as a column with ROWID datatype. You may find this useful for updates and deletes (See also DBIx::IO::GenLib for a ROWID column name constant).
$datatype = $io->column_type($field_name);
Return the datatype of $field_name See also column_types().
$sth = $io->make_cursor($query_sql);
Prepare and execute $query_sql and return the statement handle ($sth). Error checking is done at each step. (This is useless however, if the RaiseError db attribute is true) Returns undef if error.
$rv = $io->insert_hash($insert_hash,[$date_format]);
Insert a row with name value


Ricerche di Matematica
, Volume 61, Issue 2, pp 231–244
The effective conductivity equation for a highly heterogeneous periodic medium
DOI: 10.1007/s11587-_PHONE_-9
Cite this article as:
Charef, H. & Sili, A. Ricerche mat. (2012) 61: 231. doi:10.1007/s11587-_PHONE_-9
We consider the homogenization of a conductivity equation for a medium made up of a set \({F_\varepsilon}\) (\({\varepsilon}\) being the size of the period of the medium) of highly conductive vertical fibers surrounded by another material (the matrix) assumed to be a poor conductor. The conductivity coefficients in the fibers behave as \({\frac{1}{\varepsilon^2}}\) while whose of the matrix behave as \({\varepsilon^2}\). We show that the homogenized problem consists of an equality of the kind u(x) = m(x) f (x) where u denotes the macroscopic temperature, f the source term and m(x) a coefficient given by solving some cell equation.
Homogenization Anisotropy Conductivity Fibers
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010)
35B27 74QXX 76M50
Copyright information
© Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" 2011
Authors and Affiliations
 1. 1.Département de mathématiquesUniversité du Sud Toulon-VarLa Garde cedexFrance
Personalised recommendations


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- A sophisticated underground animal world existed 240 million years ago in Morocco.
- Tunnels, chambers and other structures related to the early burrows suggest they provided escape from predators and weather extremes.
- Stout, four-legged clawed animals likely built the Middle Triassic Era burrows, which pre-date dinosaurs.
Long before dinosaurs, something was digging intricate homes and roads underground.
While life on Earth 240 million years ago flourished in the seas and on land, the underground worlds discovered in Morocco are the oldest examples of such communal subterranean structures from a low-latitude area.
The burrows, described in the latest issue of the journal Palaios, are the world's second-oldest known communal burrows. The oldest, from South Africa, predate these by only 5 million years.
It's possible that a similar animal created both structures.
"You should imagine the tracemaker as a stout, short-bodied, four-legged animal with a short tail and short neck," lead author Sebastian Voigt told Discovery News. "The trunk was about 20-25 centimeters (8-10 inches) in length. We have to assume that it had five sturdy digits with claws suitable for digging into moderately soft sediment."
Funded by the German Research Foundation, ichnologist Voigt from the Institute of Geology at TU Bergakademie Freiberg and his colleagues studied the burrows, located in red beds of the Argana Basin in central Morocco. The architecture consists of numerous openings, exists, tunnels and chambers.
"The Argana burrows do not have any equivalent in the fossil record or among extant burrowing vertebrates," Voigt said. "Their chambers are exceptionally complex structures and two-fold winded tunnels have never been observed anywhere else."
Based on this arrangement and what can be inferred about the burrow makers, the scientists think the underground world served as a retreat, permitting escape from predators. Although dinosaurs were not yet around, huge, fast-running crocodiles with long legs were in the area, as evidenced by fossil finds. Close relatives of today's lizards, snakes and tuataras were also around, along with relatives of birds and dinosaurs.
The site's geology, as well as the burrow's design, also suggests the animals headed underground to tolerate weather extremes.
"During the Triassic, the region probably was a semi-arid large inland basin," Voigt explained. "Rivers were slowly flowing after episodic rain fall. Streambeds were flat and completely dry for lengthy periods. Loose vegetation covered the banks of the streams. It was hot during the day and cold in the night."
The smooth floor of the tunnels reveals they were well used, with the animals probably gathering food, such as plants, roots and insects, at the surface during nighttime.
Burrows made by individual animals, such as fish, date to early Paleozoic periods, indicating this behavior was very important since practically the beginning of complex animal life on the planet. Voigt suspects it first evolved to permit escape from environmental extremes, particularly drought.
It seems that whenever animals could dig to escape, they did. Some dinosaurs dug burrows. One of the limitations is having the right substrate. In the case of the Moroccan animals, the conditions were perfect for digging. The burrows there were constructed in riverbank sandy substrates intermixed with moist overbank mud.
Molly Miller, a professor of earth and environmental sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Discovery News, "This is an exciting discovery. The careful description and analysis make a convincing case that the burrows provided shelter to numerous animals."
She added, "It demonstrates that the development of complex tetrapod behavior in response to challenging environmental conditions goes back over 200 million years. It has a very long history!"


How to create a circle in NetLogo?
by roel_stanton , in category: Other , 5 months ago
How to create a circle in NetLogo?
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1 answer
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by isadore , 5 months ago
@roel_stanton
To create a circle in NetLogo, you can use the turtle or patch shape commands. Here is an example of how to create a circle using the turtle shape command:
 1. Open NetLogo and create a new project.
 2. In the Command Center, type the following commands:
1
2
3
4
5
to create-circle
 create-turtles 1
 [ set shape "circle"
 ]
end
 1. To see the circle, type the following command in the Command Center:
1
create-circle
This will create a single turtle with a circle shape.
Alternatively, you can use the patch shape command to create a circle. Here is an example of how to do this:
 1. Open NetLogo and create a new project.
 2. In the Command Center, type the following commands:
1
2
3
4
5
6
to create-circle
 ask patches
 [ set pcolor red
 set shape "circle"
 ]
end
 1. To see the circle, type the following command in the Command Center:
1
create-circle
This will create a circle shape for each patch in the patch grid. The patches will also be colored red.
You can customize the size and color of the circle by using the size and color turtle or patch variables. For example, to create a larger circle with a different color, you could use the following commands:
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2
3
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5
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7
to create-circle
 create-turtles 1
 [ set shape "circle"
 set size 50
 set color green
 ]
end
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions.


text:
The Development Gateway
Are you concerned with development issues such as reducing poverty and improving the life of people in developing countries? Do you need an interactive platform to share work that is important to your community and find information in this scope? The Development Gateway can make all that possible.
What is the Development Gateway and how did it start?
The Development Gateway is an interactive portal for information and knowledge sharing on sustainable development and poverty reduction. The Gateway offers users access to the most comprehensive database of development projects, an international procurement marketplace and knowledge sharing on key development topics.
The Development Gateway foundation started as a program within the World Bank and emerged to be an independent non-profit organization.
The purpose of the Development Gateway is to promote development by building partnerships and information systems that provide access to knowledge for development. This is achieved by using powerful and affordable information and communication technologies that were previously unavailable in order to:
- Increase knowledge sharing
- Enable aid effectiveness
- Improve public sector transparency and
- Build local capacity to empower communities.
On 17 November 2005, Bibliotheca Alexandrina (BA) and the Development Gateway Foundation announced the project. The portal, a preview of which was presented at the World Summit for the Information Society (WSIS), aims to address the existing shortage of development information for the Arab World.
On 11 March 2006, an agreement was signed between Bibliotheca Alexandrina and the Development Gateway Foundation. According to the agreement the BA will collaborate on this project in phases:
1. Take ownership of the main Gateway site in Arabic and be responsible for Arabic translation, similar to the current functionality of the Gateway Spanish and French version. The BA will be responsible for translating and augmenting the Development Gateway's collection of information resources relevant to the region.
2. Create and maintain an Arabic-language Community "Arab Reform". The "Arab Reform" Community will be a pan-Arab portal containing key resources relevant to a broad spectrum of social and economic reforms currently underway in the Arab world. In particular, resources related to the governance sector will include human rights, freedom of expression, and rule of law; in economic reform to youth employment, poverty, trade, and regional and international integration with the world economy; in social reforms to family education, health, and the removal of all forms of discrimination against women; and in cultural reforms to religious discourse as much as to public, media discourse, and the promotion of research and scientific thinking.
3. Design, develop and host the Egypt Country Gateway in Arabic similar to the China Country Gateway. Country Gateways are locally owned and operated initiatives which explore the use of information and communication technologies for development in their countries. By participating in and launching diverse online and offline initiatives, they enhance transparency, efficiency, dynamism and sustainability of the development process in their countries.
The legal approvals required from the World Bank to proceed with the translation of the material on the Development Gateway website, as well as all necessary legal approvals and copyright authorizations from all entities concerned with the material that is subject for translation, were acquired.
Key resources relevant to current Arab social and economic reforms were gathered and thus the Arabic-language Community "Arab Reform" was created. These resources are provided by special advisors and partner organizations. Currently, over 300 resources created by the dialogue forum team and other community members are available online. In March 2007, the Arabic version of the main Gateway as well as the website for the Arab Reform community(_URL_ were officially launched.
The BA's Dialogue Forum personnel are responsible for updating the website and were trained on how to use the website's backend. The ISIS team is continuously maintaining the Arabic web pages and ensuring that all information is correctly displayed.
ISIS is currently working on resolving some problems related to Arabization. In addition, new module in the Arab Reform Community such as the Discussion Forum, will be open soon. The Egypt Country Gateway is yet to be designed, developed and hosted.
Partners & Participants:
Last updated on 05 Oct 2008


even Galactus. None of these however would have quite the impact on his life that the Mutant Queen Rancor would. Rancor was a fifth generation descendent of the X-Man, Wolverine. After her homeworld, Haven was destroyed by the Phoenix and she suffered a second near death experience courtesy of Doctor Doom, Rancor had a moment of clarity and she realised that had she of died, she would have left no one to continue her line. [Guardians of the Galaxy Annual 8-11, 27, 37 and 39]
Firstly she conquered the Inhumans of the 31 century and moved them to a new planet, Haven II. Deciding she needed an heir, Rancor choose Talon as her "mate" and orchestrated his capture. After capturing Talon and testing his limits Rancor claimed Talon's seed.(it was heavilyimplied Rancor had raped him). Nine months later Rancor gave birth to an orange skinned boy that she named Talogan. [Guardians of the Galaxy Annual #4 and Guardians of the Galaxy #62]
Characteristics of Subject D
Name: Talon
Species: Inhuman
Distinguishing Characteristics: Orange fur covered body, razor sharp talons on hands and feet, fangs, elongated pointed ears, prehensile tail
Powers: detachable razor-sharp talons on hands and feet that can be used as projectiles, re-grow instantly. Great magical aptitude but limited training so far he has shown the ability to levitate himself and objects.
 - It's not known if Talon was exposed to the Terrigen Mists or if his abilities developed on their own.
Characteristics of Subject E
Rancor - Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 1 #9
Name: Rancor
Species: Mutant
Distinguishing Characteristics: white eyes no visible pupils, elongated pointed ears, fingerclaws
Powers: superhuman strength, speed, agility, endurance, and reflexes, hyper-regenerative healing cells, enhanced animal senses, razor sharp retractable fingerclaws
 - Rancor is a sixth generation mutant.
Characteristics of Offspring: Subject F
Name: Talogan
Species: Inhuman/Mutant hybrid
Gender: Male
Distinguishing Characteristics: orange skin
Powers: None known
Analysis of Inhuman/Mutant Breeding
Although it was said that Luna was born a mere human this was proven inaccurate by the events of the Son of M and Silent War mini-series.
Luna was exposed to the Terrigen Mists without consequence, save that fact that she is unable to turn off her powers. However when you consider Blackbolt, Triton and an assortment of other "true blooded" Inhumans this affliction is hardly uncommon. As we've seen repeatedly in the Silent War series, exposure to the Terrigen Mists is fatal to humans. This proves that there are genetic differences between Luna and humans so subtle that even Inhuman science cannot detect them. [Son of M #2-3 and Silent War #1-6]
Additionally on Earth-691, the union between a Mutant and Inhuman produced a visibly mutated child. However it's unclear if these traits are merely cosmetic. One possible explanation for this difference to the union of Quicksilver and Crystal could be that as Rancor is a six generation mutant is of a higher "pedigree" than Quicksilver. It is also unconfirmed whether Talon's powers could have developed on their own of by exposure without exposure to Terrigen Mists, if Talon had not been exposed that would differentiate him from Crystal. [Guardians of the Galaxy #62]
As both hybrids are still mere children it's impossible to give a correct analysis of their potential. It has been proven however, that despite the claims that Inhuman and Mutant DNA cancel out each other nothing could be further from the case.


IteaBeauty1 the Itea
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About Itea Eggs
Iteas are the most common insect in Fairy World.
About the Itea Creature
Is it a peacock or a butterfly? Upon looking at the Itea, it can be difficult to decide. The answer? They're both! The Itea is a product of scientific breeding experiments at the Science and Research Center in Ark City; they've succesfully crossed both creatures.
This creature was so well-adapted to the nature environment (with minimal negative impact) that it was not necessary for this creature to need the support of genetic reconstruction at the Creature Labs. In other words, Iteas were able to be released into the wild and naturally reproduce on their own and become plentiful in numbers. Now, you can find these eggs in the Cave.


text:
Function for displaying math formula with component variable names – xlv
=xlv(CELLREF, Optional Rounder(INTEGER), Optional ColumnNo(Integer))
This function displays the variable names of a mathematical formula defined in another cell. It updates automatically with a change in the values in the formula or a change in the formula.
A formula (=C3+((C4/C5)^(C6+C8)*C7)*C9) is entered in Cell C11 that references the values in cells C3 to C9. Corresponding variable names are located in cells B3 to B9. Each variable name must be located in the same row as the value it is representing.
The variables of the formula in Cell C11 is shown in the cell where the xlv function is entered. In the example below, xlv is entered in Cell C13.
Does the variable name need to be in the cell directly to the left of the value it is representing?
NO: By Default the xlv function looks for the first cell to the left of the value that is not a numeric value.
How to use the Optional Parameters "Rounder" and "ColumnNo"
In the example above, the xlv function has been used without the Rounder parameter and so has defaulted to its adaptive formatting. The adaptive formatting works in the following way:
Each value in the formula is parsed in the following way:
if Value > _PHONE_ the number is expressed in Scientific notation
If _PHONE_ > Value > 100 the number in expressed in standard notation to zero decimal places
If 100 > Value >.001 the number in expressed in standard notation to 3 significant figures
if Value <.001 the number is expressed in Scientific notation
Generally, the xlv function will display the variables of the formula. However, in an instance where a numeric value (rather than a CellRef) is entered in the formula that the "xlv" function is referencing, the rounder parameter can be used to determine the number of decimal places to be displayed.
The formula in cell M11 : =M3+((M4/M5)^(M6+M8)*M7)*M9-101.23589
The last term of the formula is 101.23589 and is a numeric value (and not a CellRef). By default, xlv uses the adaptive number formatting (as described above) and displays the result as shown below in Cell M13; Entry in Cell M13 is: =xlv(M11)
Cell M15 displays the result when setting the rounder parameter to 2 (i.e. 2 decimal places); Entry in Cell M15 is: =xlv(M11,2)
By default, the xlv function returns the first cell to left of the value that is not a numeric value.
In the example below, a formula is entered in cell E10 that references the values in Column E.
=xlv(E10) is entered in cell E12. As can be seen by the output of the xlv function (in cell E12), the xlv function returns the variables located in Column B, since that is where the first non-numeric values are located.
But what if I have more than one column with variable names to the left of the value I am referencing?
What if my variable name is located to the right of the value I am referencing?
Use the second Optional Parameter "ColumnNo" to specify in which column the variable is located. See Below.
In the following example variables are located in Columns B, C and I. (A formula is located in Cell F33 and references values in Column F).
The xlv function is used in Cells F35 to F39 to demonstrate how the second optional parameter is used to specify in which column the variables are located.
The column number can be specified in various ways. E.G. "Column(B1)" can also be used to specify column number 2.
Note 1: If there is no variable defined in the column that is specified, the xlv Function returns "XL_Viking_NoVar" or "xlvikingnovar" to indicate that no variable is defined.
Note 2: The second Optional variable is not used in the above example (hence the double commas), which means any numeric values that are entered in the formula will default to the XL-Viking adaptive number formatting, Ref "Rounder" Parameter.


text:
The Mud motor near Harlingen in the north of the Netherlands is an innovative building with nature project initiated by Ecoshape. Within the project it is tried to grow salt marshes with the help of sediment transport resulting from naturally occurring currents and dredged mud from the harbour of Harlingen. Shore has been commissioned to monitor the development of the Mud motor the first two years after completion
During a test pilot in the beginning of the project, Shore found out that photogrammetry led to less optimal results due to the limited contrast on the mud flats. Moreover, the relatively high number of required ground control point for photogrammetry proved to be problematic due to the limited accessibility of the mud flats.
Therefore, this project is executed with the UAV-LiDAR to make an accurate and high resolution DTM. The use of laser excludes to problem of limited contrast and the used RTK UAV limits the required number of ground control point. Simultaneously with the laser data, aerial images have been acquired for the composition of an orthophoto.


text:
One of the most popular hits on my blog is the little pamphlet for the "Stations of the Cross for Children." My family used this version of the Stations of the Cross, and my mother remembers using it in her childhood. The prayers are so beautiful and moving; the prayers are not watered-down language for children, but aimed directly at the child in all of us. My sons want to pray them every day.
After 3 years, I've revamped, reformatted, and providing a few new options for the booklets. I found some wonderful Stations in Black and white, so for many of the files, I've provided the B&W option.
The newest addition is Stations of the Cross cards to carry:
The newest way to print these stations is to print them double-sided on cardstock and hole-punch on the top and place on a ring. This is similar to the cards we created in My Little Advent, using 1 inch book or binder rings or larger.
My children love to hole-punch, and then use a lanyard or pipe cleaners to create their own portable Stations. These are larger than the Advent cards; there are 4 per page, about 4″x5″ each.
Print these double-sided on cardstock.
I have reformatted these so that the two sides line up exactly. But for little ones who are still learning to cut, I advise you to cut out from the text side so the text won't be cut-off, and hole punch all through the same side, so the cards will line up evenly.
See the Stations Pages under the tab "Living the Liturgical Year," Lent for all the other options.
We use a a vertical display flip easel with vertical pages for the 8″x10″ Stations of the Cross prints that can purchased from Leaflet Missal Company. During our family prayers the children take turns turning the pages. They enjoy having a visual aid that is bigger than the little booklets.
Beside our flip easel, we also have a Stations box inspired from Joe and Irene Starrs and also the 3-part Stations cards from Kathryn to put into the box (see >this 4Real thread for details). It's all so very tangible, and gives a variety for inspiration during prayer.
Stations of the Cross Box:
Station 1 Jesus is Condemned to Death — a string to represent the rope used to tie Jesus' hands
Station 2 Jesus Carries His Cross — a small cross
Station 3 Jesus Falls the First Time — three band-aids in the box to represent Jesus' three falls. He explained it to my toddler (almost 2 at the time) as band-aids for Jesus, who fell down and "hurt the knee".
Station 4 Jesus Meets His Mother Mary — a plastic rosary to represent the Blessed Mother
Station 5 Simon Helps Jesus — small wooden heart painted red to represent Simon's generous help in carrying the cross.
Station 6 Veronica Wipes the Face of Jesus — Joe took a rectangular piece of white fabric (cut from one of his old undershirts, actually) and drew the face of Jesus on it
Station 7 Jesus Falls the Second Time — bandaid
Station 8 Jesus Comforts the Women of Jerusalem — a tissue for their tears
Station 9 Jesus Falls the Third Time — bandaid
Station 10 Jesus is Stripped of His Garments — a small square of purple felt to represent His purple cloak
Station 11 Jesus is Nailed to the Cross — a large nail
Station 12 Jesus Dies on the Cross — a crucifix
Station 13 Jesus is Taken Down from the Cross — a laminated holy card depicting Michelangelo's Pieta
Station 14 Jesus is Buried — a stone to represent the stone rolled in front of the tomb
Praying the Stations of the Cross together is a wonderful way to contemplate the mystery of Christ dying for us. God bless you during this Lent.


text:
Many people enjoy hot Cheetos as a snack. We usually enjoy it anytime, and it comes in various flavors. Nevertheless, if it bothers your digestion, you may wonder if something is amiss. Thus, you may ask:
Does Hot Cheetos make you poop and cause diarrhea? Yes, Hot Cheetos makes you poop and cause diarrhea. They can be pretty spicy and contain artificial colors that affect your digestion. Therefore, eating a lot of Hot Cheetos stimulates the bowels. When consumed in excess, Hot Cheetos can cause diarrhea, so only eat a small amount of them.
The texture and flavor of Hot Cheetos make them famous. However, it may cause digestive issues if consumed excessively, as it is not healthy food. As a result, you need to learn more about it to enjoy this snack safely.
This article will cover all the essential information you need to know about Hot Cheetos and their effect on our digestive system. So while you enjoy eating this product, you can learn all you need to know about it and prevent complications.
Without further ado, let's get into it!
Table of Contents
- Does Hot Cheetos make you poop?
- Does Hot Cheetos cause diarrhea?
- Is it normal when Hot Cheetos makes you poop?
- Is it normal when Hot Cheetos gives you diarrhea?
- Why does Hot Cheetos make me poop?
- Why does Hot Cheetos give me diarrhea?
- What to do if Hot Cheetos makes you poop?
- What to do if Hot Cheetos gives you diarrhea?
- How fast does Hot Cheetos make you poop?
- Does Hot Cheetos help with constipation?
- Does Hot Cheetos make your poop smell?
- Frequently asked questions
Does Hot Cheetos make you poop?
Yes, Hot Cheetos makes you poop. Snacks like these usually contain spices and flavors that stimulate the bowels. In addition, these snacks contain high salt levels, which can also upset your stomach. To ensure your safety, you should only consume Hot Cheetos in small amounts.
Does Hot Cheetos cause diarrhea?
Yes, Hot Cheetos causes diarrhea. When eaten in excess, Hot Cheetos can cause diarrhea due to the spices, artificial flavors, and salt in them.
This snack contains components that can stimulate bowel movements. Therefore, too much consumption can result in diarrhea. Therefore, you should limit the consumption of Hot Cheetos and avoid overindulging.
Is it normal when Hot Cheetos makes you poop?
No, it is not normal when Hot Cheetos makes you poop. Nevertheless, Hot Cheetos are generally safe to consume in small amounts. Therefore, as long as you do not eat more than a few grams in a single day, you should be fine.
Overdoing it and eating too many Hot Cheetos can cause you to poop if you consume them in large amounts.
Therefore, you should limit your consumption of Hot Cheetos. If it causes you to poop, even in small amounts, you should consider other causes and consult a doctor.
Is it normal when Hot Cheetos gives you diarrhea?
No, it is not normal when Hot Cheetos gives you diarrhea. Hot Cheetos are not a healthy snack for consuming in large amounts, but a few grams should not cause diarrhea.
It's okay to eat Hot Cheetos as long as you do it moderately. However, if you're already experiencing diarrhea after eating a few Hot Cheetos, you might consider other causes as well. For example, your stomach might be sensitive in most cases.
Why does Hot Cheetos make me poop?
The components in Hot Cheetos make you poop because they can trigger bowel movements. For example, Hot Cheetos contain high levels of spices, artificial flavors, and sodium. The combination of these ingredients stimulates bowel movements. Therefore, eating such can cause you to poop, especially in large quantities.
Why does Hot Cheetos give me diarrhea?
Because of the high sodium content, spices, artificial flavors, and artificial colors in Hot Cheetos, you get diarrhea from them. These three components can cause diarrhea if consumed in small amounts when consumed in excess. As a result, you should eat as little Hot Cheetos as possible to avoid diarrhea.
What to do if Hot Cheetos makes you poop?
In cases where eating Hot Cheetos makes you poop, you should stop eating them until they stop causing you digestive issues. Hot Cheetos contain many spices, artificial flavors, and sodium, which may affect your digestion. Therefore, the best thing you can avoid is eating Hot Cheetos to prevent further complications.
What to do if Hot Cheetos gives you diarrhea?
You shouldn't eat more Hot Cheetos if you get diarrhea after eating them. In addition, it's best to avoid spicy food, sodium-rich snacks, and other unhealthy snacks if at all possible. You should also eat fiber-rich foods to give your stool body and drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.
How fast does Hot Cheetos make you poop?
It generally takes several hours for Hot Cheetos to make you poop. It should not affect your bowel movement if you ate only a few Hot Cheetos. In addition, if you're having trouble with your bowels, you shouldn't take it as a laxative. In other words, it wouldn't help you with your digestive problems.
Does Hot Cheetos help with constipation?
No, Hot Cheetos does not help with constipation. Constipation cannot be cured by eating Hot Cheetos since it is not a laxative. You shouldn't eat Hot Cheetos if you suffer from this digestive problem because it can worsen the situation. Instead, eat more fruits or other healthy foods that stimulate bowel movements and drink more water to stay hydrated.
Does Hot Cheetos make your poop smell?
Yes, Hot Cheetos makes your poop smell. Such snacks can produce unpleasant odors, mainly consumed in large quantities. Additionally, it will cause digestive problems, such as diarrhea. As a result, do not eat too many of these snacks.
Frequently asked questions
Here are a few answers to questions we get about Hot Cheetos and how it affects our health. You can read more, then see if it solves any of your concerns.
Does Hot Cheetos change stool color?
Yes, Hot Cheetos changes stool color. This happens because these snacks contain artificial solid colors. Therefore, the color of your stool may change. You'll usually find bright red and even orange colors in your stool.
Do lots of Hot Cheetos make you poop more?
Yes, lots of Hot Cheetos make you poop more. However, it would help if you didn't overdo it with this snack. Hot Cheetos are unhealthy snacks. This means that they should only be consumed in small amounts and not in excess. In this way, you can avoid any further digestive issues.
Is Hot Cheetos a natural laxative?
No, Hot Cheetos is not a natural laxative. Due to its sodium content, spices, and artificial flavors, Hot Cheetos can make you poop. However, it's not a healthy snack, so you shouldn't consume it as a laxative.
Do Hot Cheetos make your poop red?
Yes, Hot Cheetos makes your poop red. Red food dye is abundant in spicy snacks, for example, Hot Cheetos. If eaten in large quantities, it turns people's stools red or orange.
Do Hot Cheetos make your poop burn?
Yes, Hot Cheetos makes your poop burn, and it usually happens when you eat spicy food. Since spicy foods trigger the digestive tract's spice receptors, some people experience cramps or upset stomachs after eating Hot Cheetos. Additionally, when digested Hot Cheetos waste reaches your anus, it still contains capsaicin, which can make your poop burn.
Do Hot Cheetos make you poop blood?
No, Hot Cheetos does not make you poop blood. However, because this spicy snack contains a lot of red food dye, it can turn the stools of people who eat large quantities red or orange. Parents and kids may mistakenly assume that it is a sign of blood in the stool, leading to a panicked trip to the hospital.
In a nutshell, Hot Cheetos makes you poop and cause diarrhea. These snacks can also cause digestion problems due to spices and artificial colors. On the other hand, many Cheetos can stimulate bowel movement, thus stimulating bowel movement. Alternatively, consuming too many Hot Cheetos can cause diarrhea, limiting your intake.
These snacks are famous for their texture and taste. This food, however, may cause digestive problems if consumed too much, so it's not considered healthy. Therefore, you need to understand more about it to stay safe while enjoying this snack.
- Does Taco Bell Make You Poop and Cause Diarrhea?
- Does Takis Make You Poop and Cause Diarrhea?
- Does


The hot and cold of butterfly dancing
Hypothesis: courtship behaviour in squinting bush brown butterflies ( Bicyclus anynana) is related to the climate they experienced when they were mere caterpillars
I stumbled across a very interesting piece of work that I plan to write about (just as soon as I get my hands on the paper). Two researchers, Kathleen Prudic and Antónia Monteiro, at Yale University were curious as to why both male and female squinting bush brown butterflies, Bicyclus anynana, sport attractive spots on their wings -- a character that is usually reserved for males who do the courting. They found that when the caterpillars (larvae) were raised in warmer and wetter conditions, the male butterflies performed mating dances to attract females. But when butterflies developed in drier, cooler temperatures, it was the females who danced for the males.
In some animals, males and females look the same, even developing the same sexual ornaments (wing spots in butterflies, for example). There are several hypotheses to explain why sexual ornaments are found in both sexes. These hypotheses include genetic correlation, same sex competition, and mutual mate choice.
But this hot-off-the-presses study finds that one particular butterfly species, endemic to parts of Africa, shows developmental plasticity in their mating behavior based on the temperatures they experienced when they were caterpillars. In short, males did the courtship dancing when they were raised at warmer temperatures, whilst cooler temperatures made the females into the dancers: the "choosy sex" depends upon climate. So in this situation, there is selective pressure on both sexes to develop and maintain sexual ornaments -- spots on their wings.
As a result of their work, the authors propose another hypothesis for why sexual ornaments are found in both sexes: reciprocal selection.
If you follow the link to the reference, you can stare longingly at the paywalled paper:
Kathleen L. Prudic, Cheonha Jeon, Hui Cao and Antónia Monteiro. Developmental Plasticity in Sexual Roles of Butterfly Species Drives Mutual Sexual Ornamentation. Science (7 January 2011) Vol. 331 no. 6013 pp. 73-75 DOI: 10.1126/science._PHONE_