ClusterApp.
Start the Ambari portal
 1. In Azure Explorer, right-click your Spark cluster name, and then select Open Cluster Management Portal (Ambari).
 2. When you're prompted, enter the admin credentials for the cluster. You specified these while provisioning the cluster.
Manage Azure subscriptions
By default, HDInsight Tool in Azure Toolkit for Eclipse lists the Spark clusters from all your Azure subscriptions. If necessary, you can specify the subscriptions for which you want to access the cluster.
 1. In Azure Explorer, right-click the Azure root node, and then select Manage Subscriptions.
 2. In the dialog box, clear the check boxes for the subscription that you don't want to access, and then select Close. You can also select Sign Out if you want to sign out of your Azure subscription.
Run a Spark Scala application locally
You can use HDInsight Tools in Azure Toolkit for Eclipse to run Spark Scala applications locally on your workstation. Typically, these applications don't need access to cluster resources such as a storage container, and you can run and test them locally.
Prerequisite
While you're running the local Spark Scala application on a Windows computer, you might get an exception as explained in SPARK-2356. This exception occurs because WinUtils.exe is missing in Windows.
To resolve this error, you need download the executable to a location like C:\WinUtils\bin, and then add the environment variable HADOOP_HOME and set the value of the variable to C\WinUtils.
Run a local Spark Scala application
 1. Start Eclipse and create a project. In the New Project dialog box, make the following choices, and then select Next.
 - In the left pane, select HDInsight.
 - In the right pane, select Spark on HDInsight Local Run Sample (Scala).
 New Project dialog box
 2. To provide the project details, follow steps 3 through 6 from the earlier section Setup a Spark Scala project for an HDInsight Spark cluster.
 3. The template adds a sample code (LogQuery) under the src folder that you can run locally on your computer.
 Location of LogQuery
 4. Right-click the LogQuery application, point to Run As, and then select 1 Scala Application. Output like this appears on the Console tab:
 Spark application local run result
Known problems
When link a cluster, I would suggest you to provide credential of storage.
Interactive sign-in
There are two modes to submit the jobs. If storage credential is provided, batch mode will be used to submit the job. Otherwise, interactive mode will be used. If the cluster is busy, you might get the error below.
eclipse get error when cluster busy
eclipse get error when cluster busy
Feedback
If you have any feedback, or if you encounter any other problems when using this tool, send us an email at _EMAIL_.
See also
Scenarios
Creating and running applications
Tools and extensions
Managing resources


text:
The Bassari people are an African people living in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau. The total population is between 10,000 and 30,000. Most of the Bassari are concentrated on either side of the Senegal-Guinea border southwest of Kedougou, Kedougou Region. This areas is referred to in French as Pays Bassari, or liyan in the Bassari language. The Bassari speak a Tenda language, o-niyan. They refer to themselves as a-liyan, pl. bi-liyan. Most of the group are animists, with a significant minority of Christians (both Catholic and Protestant). Very few Bassari are Muslims. They have close relations with the Fula people centered locally in the nearby hills of the Fouta Djallon. The Bassari are subsistence farmers for the most part, growing rice, millet, earth-peas and fonio. They also migrate to the cities and towns of Senegal and Guinea in the dry season in search of wage-labor, using the money they earn to buy household equipment, clothing and other necessary items.
Contributions by T L Miles, Namiba, and Addbot.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Sidebar
HPL/SQL is included to Apache Hive since version 2.0
cli
HPL/SQL Command Line
You can run hplsql tool from a command line to execute a SQL statement or HPL/SQL script.
Syntax:
hplsql -e 'query' | -f file
 [-main procname]
 [-d | --define | -hiveconf | -hivevar var=value ...]
 [-version | --version]
 [-trace | --trace]
 [-H | --help]
Parameters:
Parameter Description HPL/SQL Version
-e 'query' SQL statements to execute 0.1
-f file Execute SQL statements from file 0.1
-main procname Entry point (procedure or function name) 0.3.7
-d var=value Variable definition 0.1
--define var=value 0.1
-hiveconf var=value 0.1
-hivevar var=value 0.1
-version --version Print HPL/SQL version 0.1
-trace --trace Print trace information 0.1
-H --help Print help information and exit 0.1
Notes:
 - -e and -f cannot be specified together
 - if -main option is not specified, HPL/SQL starts executing all statements from the beginning of the script
 - You can use single 'query' and double "query" quotes with -e option
 - Currently -d, --define, -hivevar and -hiveconf are equivalent and allow you to define input variables.
Example 1:
Executing HPL/SQL statements from a script:
hplsql -f script.sql
Example 2:
Executing HPL/SQL statements from command line:
hplsql -e "NVL(MAX_PARTITION_DATE(db.sales, local_dt, code='A'), CURRENT_DATE)"
Example 3:
Using variables:
hplsql -e "PRINT a || ', ' || b" -d a=Hello -d b=world
Result:
Hello, world


text:
Are you a fan of spicy, flavorful dishes? If so, then you're in for a treat. In this article, we will dive into the world of drying chilis and explore the art behind preserving their intense flavor. From unlocking the benefits of drying chilis to discovering their versatility in various dishes, we'll take you on a culinary journey you won't want to miss. So grab your apron and get ready to master the art of drying chilis, as we guide you through creating your very own sweet paprika crushed. Get ready to add a dash of heat and a sprinkle of sweetness to your meals with chilicrushed and driedchiles.
- 1. "Unlocking the Intense Flavor: Exploring the Benefits of Drying Chilis"
- 2. "From Heat to Sweet: Discovering the Versatility of Dried Chiles"
- 3. "Mastering the Art of Drying: A Guide to Creating Your Own Sweet Paprika Crushed"
1. "Unlocking the Intense Flavor: Exploring the Benefits of Drying Chilis"
Unlocking the Intense Flavor: Exploring the Benefits of Drying Chilis
Drying chilis is a culinary technique that has been used for centuries to preserve their flavor and extend their shelf life. The process of drying chilis involves removing the moisture from the peppers, intensifying their taste and creating a unique flavor profile that cannot be achieved with fresh chilis alone.
One of the key benefits of drying chilis is that it enhances their natural spiciness. As the peppers lose moisture, the concentration of capsaicin, the compound responsible for the chili's heat, becomes more pronounced. This results in a more intense and fiery flavor that can add a delightful kick to any dish. Whether you are making a spicy salsa, a hearty chili con carne, or a zesty marinade, dried chilis can take your recipe to the next level.
Additionally, drying chilis allows you to preserve their flavor for an extended period of time. Fresh chilis have a relatively short shelf life and can spoil quickly if not used promptly. By drying them, you can keep them in your pantry for months, if not longer, without worrying about them going bad. This is particularly advantageous if you have an abundant chili harvest or want to stock up on your favorite chili varieties when they are in season.
Not only does the drying process intensify the heat, but it also enhances the overall flavor profile of chilis. As the moisture evaporates, the flavors become more concentrated, resulting in a richer and more complex taste. This concentrated flavor can bring depth and complexity to a wide range of dishes, from stews and sauces to rubs and spice blends. The versatility of dried chilis allows them to be used in both savory and sweet recipes, adding a warm and smoky note to everything from chili chocolate to sweet paprika-crushed desserts.
In conclusion, drying chilis is an art that unlocks the intense flavors and benefits of these fiery peppers. From increasing spiciness to extending shelf life and intensifying overall flavor, the process of drying chilis allows cooks and food enthusiasts to explore a whole new world of culinary possibilities. So, next time you come across a surplus of chilis or want to experiment with new flavors, consider drying them and discover the remarkable taste that dried chilis bring to your dishes. Don't forget to try using chili-crushed or sweet paprika-crushed variations for that extra burst of flavor!
2. "From Heat to Sweet: Discovering the Versatility of Dried Chiles"
From Heat to Sweet: Discovering the Versatility of Dried Chiles
Dried chiles are not just about adding heat to your dishes. In fact, they offer a wide range of flavors and can transform your recipes from spicy to sweet. Whether you're a fan of fiery dishes or prefer a milder flavor profile, dried chiles have something to offer everyone.
One popular variety of dried chiles is the chilicrushed. These small, dried chili peppers pack a punch of heat, making them ideal for those who enjoy spicy food. When crushed, they release their intense flavor, infusing your dishes with a fiery kick. Chilicrushed is a must-have ingredient for spicy chili con carne, salsas, and hot sauces. Its versatility lies in its ability to add heat to any dish without overpowering the other flavors.
But dried chiles aren't just about heat. They can also add a touch of sweetness to your culinary creations. One such example is sweet paprika, a dried chili known for its mild, slightly sweet taste. Sweet paprika comes in a crushed form as well, making it easier to incorporate into your dishes. Its vibrant red color adds visual appeal, while its subtle sweetness enhances the flavors of stews, soups, and even roasted vegetables.
For those who enjoy a balance between heat and sweetness, combining chilicrushed and sweet paprika crushed can create a harmonious flavor profile. This blend allows you to control the level of heat while infusing a hint of sweetness into your dishes. It's perfect for adding a unique twist to traditional recipes like enchiladas, tacos, and even marinades for grilled meats.
The versatility of dried chiles extends beyond their flavor profiles. They also have a long shelf life, making them an excellent pantry staple. Properly stored in airtight containers, dried chiles can retain their flavors and aroma for months, if not years. This means you can always have a variety of dried chiles, like chilicrushed and sweet paprika crushed, readily available to enhance your dishes whenever inspiration strikes.
In conclusion, dried chiles offer much more than just heat. They provide a diverse range of flavors, from the fiery kick of chilicrushed to the subtle sweetness of sweet paprika crushed. These versatile ingredients can transform your recipes and add depth to your dishes. So, the next time you're in the mood for some chili-infused goodness, don't limit yourself to just the heat. Explore the world of dried chiles and discover the art of balancing flavors to create culinary masterpieces.
3. "Mastering the Art of Drying: A Guide to Creating Your Own Sweet Paprika Crushed"
Drying chilis is a time-honored technique that not only preserves their flavor but also adds depth and complexity to various dishes. One popular way to utilize dried chilis is by creating your own sweet paprika crushed, a versatile spice that can elevate the taste of numerous cuisines. In this guide, we will walk you through the process of mastering the art of drying chilis to create your very own sweet paprika crushed.
1. Selecting the Right Chilis:
When it comes to making sweet paprika crushed, it's essential to begin with the right chilis. Opt for mild chili varieties like Hungarian wax, Anaheim, or Poblano, as they are ideal for creating a balanced and sweet flavor profile. Make sure the chilis are ripe, firm, and free from any blemishes.
2. Preparing the Chilis for Drying:
Start by washing the chilis under cold water and patting them dry with a paper towel. Next, remove the stems and cut the chilis in half lengthwise. Gently scrape out the seeds and discard them. Removing the seeds will reduce the heat level and allow the sweet flavors to shine through.
3. Drying the Chilis:
There are several methods to dry chilis, each with its own advantages. One popular method is air-drying. Simply place the chili halves on a baking sheet or hang them in a well-ventilated area, making sure they are not touching. This allows the air to circulate, promoting even drying. Alternatively, you can use a food dehydrator or an oven set to a low temperature (around 150°F or 65°C) to speed up the process. Whichever method you choose, drying can take anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks, depending on the size and moisture content of the chilis.
4. Grinding the Dried Chilis:
Once the chilis are completely dried, it's time to transform them into sweet paprika crushed. Grind the chilis using a spice grinder or a mortar and pestle until you achieve the desired consistency. For a fine powder, grind the chilis for a longer period, while a coarser texture can be achieved by pulsing the grinder in short bursts. Remember to wear gloves and handle the ground chilis with caution, as they can irritate the skin and eyes.
5. Storing and Using Sweet Paprika Crushed:
Store your homemade sweet paprika crushed in an airtight container in a cool, dark place to maintain its flavor and potency. It can be used to add a sweet and smoky flavor to a wide range of dishes, including stews, soups, marinades, and rubs. Use it sparingly at first, as its intensity can vary depending on the chili variety and the drying method used.
By mastering the art of drying chilis and creating your own sweet paprika crushed, you can unlock a world of flavors and enhance your culinary creations. Experiment with different chili varieties and drying techniques to find your perfect balance of sweetness and heat. Enjoy the process and savor the rich flavors that dried chilis bring to your dishes.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Data Source Description
Sources: UC Merced, Climate Engine
The Long-Term Multi-Indicator Drought Index (MIDI) is an experimental blended product. It looks at current drought conditions across the U.S. by integrating several key long-term drought indices into one objective, computer-generated map. MIDI data were from Climate Engine were available in raster format.
This product is based on methodology from the NOAA National Weather Service's Climate Prediction Center. The short-term and long-term MIDIs are created using the Climate Engine tool, and apply Climate Prediction Center weighting ratios to the high-resolution gridMET gridded research dataset. The data are updated every 5 days, with a delay of 4 to 5 days to allow for data collection and quality control.
The long-term MIDI combines the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Palmer Z-Index, 180-day Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), 1-year SPI, 2-year SPI, and 5-year SPI to approximate drought impacts from changes in precipitation and moisture over a long-term timeframe. This product uses the same percentile category ranges as the U.S. Drought Monitor.
This product is an example of current NIDIS-funded research. Learn more.
* Currently, data are only available for the contiguous U.S.


History of Peridot
Peridot is the birthstone for August. The gemstone is one of only a few gemstones that occur in only one color, an olive green.
St. Albans Abbey
The intensity and tint of the green, depends on the amount of iron contained in the crystal structure.
Because of its green tint, peridot is often mistaken for emerald.
The first known mention of the gemstone in English dates back to 1705. A translation was made that year from the St. Albans Abbey, which kept it's records in Latin.
The record stated that in 1245, Bishop John bequeathed various items including peridot to the Abbey.
The Middle English Dictionary provides several spellings for the gem, including periodt, peritot, pelidod, and pilidod.
Assigning a gemstone to each birth month originated in 18th Century Poland. The current list of gemstones has not changed since 1912.


text:
Role modelling and its impact on the self-development of academics
Place of Publication
School of Business and Law
Academics in higher education are expected by their institutions to enhance their self-development. Role modelling is a means by which academics may achieve pertinent self-development goals. The focus of this chapter is to explore how role modelling can be used in this regard. Through a comprehensive literature review, the dynamics of role modelling in the context of higher education is explored. The author discusses the intricate processes involved in how role modelling can positively influence the personal and professional development of academics. Theoretical perspectives of professional identity construction through role modelling are examined. The author presents the position that academics will utilise role models for personal and professional development throughout their careers. In this context, the processes of role model selection are examined, and the theoretical underpinnings guiding the achievement of self-developmental goals are discussed. The author concludes that role modelling can be applied as an avenue to personal and professional development for academics. The author also proposes practical recommendations to facilitate role modelling interventions within the context of higher education and suggests avenues for future research.


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Tuesday 9th February 2010 saw the launch of Ofgem's new Green Energy Label scheme, which will help consumers identify the true "green" energy tariffs offered by suppliers.
The new "green energy certified" label implemented by Ofgem means that energy suppliers will need to prove that their "green tariffs" provide more than the basic requirements and are delivering environmental benefits. This will be recognised by the tariff having the "green energy certified" label, meaning that the tariff has been certified under the new scheme.
The new scheme will mean that there is less confusion over these "green tariffs" and give the customers more information on what the environmental benefits are and offer more transparency over the suppliers that are actually producing more environmentally friendly tariffs, rather than just providing their existing government requirement obligations.
Concerns began when energy suppliers started labelling tariffs green, when really they were just meeting their existing obligations required by all energy companies enforced by the government.
This scheme reassures customers that if they choose a green electricity tariff, usually a more expensive option, that they will be supporting a supplier that has proven that they are helping to reduce carbon emissions.
Under the new scheme suppliers must now take extra steps to prove and demonstrate to an independent panel that their "green tariffs" are actually in addition to their existing requirements set by the government and result in a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to a minimum threshold.
The Green Energy Certification Scheme guarantees the following three things if a tariff has been certified under the new scheme:
The following gas and electricity tariffs have been certified with the new green energy scheme label.
To compare green energy tariffs, start a comparison and on the results screen click on the 'green' tab


The Whys and Hows of Demagnetizing Engine Components
By Jim Tapp
Retired Goodson Tech Services Manager
We get a lot of questions on the Tech Help Line about demagnetizing engine components. If you do a web search, there's a lot of differing information available. Some sources say it's not all that important, some say it's essential. Since we're getting these questions frequently, I thought I'd weigh in on the subject too.
In my mind, not demagnetizing components you've worked on is kind of like taking a bath, then putting your dirty clothes back on. Doesn't make a lot of sense and undoes all of the good work you've just done. So here goes. This is my view on whether or not to demag components:
Rebuilding engine components without removing the residual magnetism is flat out dangerous.
Magnetism is produced in engine components in a couple of ways.
 - Deliberately introducing a magnetic field into the part for the purpose of magnetic particle inspection (Magnafluxing).
 - Magnetizing parts with heat and/or friction such as when a connecting rod has bearing failure. This is the most common way that magnetism is introduced into engine parts.
The down side to this, and the point I'm trying to make, is that if the magnetism is not removed from the effected parts, engine failure is more likely to occur. Imagine a magnetic connecting rod in your engine. It's going to collect all of the metal particulates and use them to abrade your machine work.
So how do you tell that magnetism is present? Measure it. Magnetic fields are measured in gauss and the gauge used to measure it is a magnetic field indicator (Goodson #MFI-10010). To see if you have any residual magnetism in your components, simply hold the field indicator close to the part. If it doesn't read "0", you have magnetism.
Demagnetizing is accomplished by breaking up the D.C. (direct current) field with A.C. (alternating current). This is possible with the use of an A.C. demagnetizing table (Goodson #SPD-46). Place your part on the table top and turn the machine on. You will notice severe vibration. This is the A.C. attracting and repelling the part. While the machine is operating, slowly move the part away from the table to a distance of about two feet. Turn off the demag table and recheck the part with the magnetic field indicator. If the reading is not "0", repeat the procedure until it does.
Remember if you have questions, the Goodson Techxperts are as close as a phone call (_PHONE_) Monday – Friday, 8am to 5pm (central). You can also reach the techs by email or visit the Goodson Tech Library.
Previous post Next Post
Comments
 - Ron Randall - June 06, 2019
 I used to Mag' a lot of engine parts, and de-magging on our very large industrial mag bench wet or dry would require several presses of the de-mag button to get rid of the residual magnetic field. One day I decided to reverse the cables on the mag' wires, and viola'~! one press of the button and any item was at zero residual magnetism..
Leave a comment


text:
Cataract dam is located on the Cataract River, a tributary of the Nepean River, just below the junction with the Loddon River. By June 1903 much of the area to be submerged had already been cleared of timber.
For the first time in Australia, pre-
The dam was completed in 1907 and cost about $1.3 million. When Cataract filled to capacity for the first time in January 1911, it soon became clear that the spillway needed to be widened to prevent any risk of floodwater overtopping the dam wall. This work was completed in 1915. During a large flood in 1968, the water level rose 1.5 metres overnight reaching 75 millimetres below the walkways across the wall. About 150 million litres of water were discharged out of the old spillway.
Cataract Dam is a straight dam with an unlined side spillway extending from the left abutment. The weathering of the sandstone on Cataract, together with its stone battlements, has made it one of the most picturesque dams in Sydney. In 1987 Cataract Dam was strengthened by installing post-
Height: 56 metres
Length: 247 metres
Capacity: 94,300 megalitres
Catchment: 130 square kilometres
Lake: 8.5 square kilometres
Distance & direction from Sydney: 96 Klms S SE
Cataract Dam Road, Appin
Tel: 1300 722 468


text:
Were there specific FAA (or other relevant regulatory body) pilot licensing or certifications required to fly the Space Shuttle? Are they specific to the Space Shuttle, or would it have fallen under an existing pilot license scheme?
FAA considers space shuttle either a military aircraft or spacecraft and hence its rules don't apply on space shuttle.
However, requirements to be a pilot for a space shuttle are:
... at least 1,000 hours pilot-in-command time on jet aircraft
It means that you need type rating to operate a heavy jet aircraft (not light jet). Weight of an empty space shuttle is 172,000 lb (78,000 kg)1. In addition, you need the additional requirements mentioned by NASA (link above), which include education and health standards to meet.
Operating empty weight of Airbus A380 is 610,000 lbs.
@Farhan covers the NASA requirements but legally, According to the FAA FAR's
(b) Each member of a flight crew must demonstrate an ability to withstand the stresses of space flight, which may include high acceleration or deceleration, microgravity, and vibration, in sufficient condition to safely carry out his or her duties so that the vehicle will not harm the public.
(c) A pilot and a remote operator must—
(1) Possess and carry an FAA pilot certificate with an instrument rating.
The effective minimum rating would be a pilot with an instrument rating as this would be required to operate the shuttle training aircraft, which they would do at least 1,000 times and often from Class A airspace at 37,000 feet.


text:
europaeum and two new related chigger mite species
(Acari: Trombiculidae) from Caucasus
388-405 (2004) (In Russian, English summary).
S U M M A R Y
chigger mite species closely related to Leptotrombidium
europaeum (Daniel et Brelih, 1959) are described from small
mammals collected in Caucasus and Transcaucasia. L. alanicum
sp.n. differs from L. europaeum in having
shorter legs (TaIII = 61—81, Ip = 734—927 versus 72—90, and 855—1017),
shorter scutal and idiosomal setae (Dmin =
30—45, Dmax = 48—67, H = 59, PL = 58 versus
40—52, 54—69, 64, 63), slightly smaller scutum (AP = 25, SD = 47, PW =
89 versus 28, 50, 91), and more numerous idiosomal setae (87 versus
81). L. montanum sp. n. differs
from L. europaeum in having more numerous idiosomal
setae (102 versus 81), longer scutal and idiosomal setae (AM = 61, AL =
44, H = 68, Dmax = 66 versus 56, 41, 64, 62),
thicker legs (TaW = 19 versus 18), and broader scutum (PW = 95 versus
91). Exact identification of both new species is possible only using
classification functions constructed by means of discriminant analysis.
These three Leptotrombidium
species expose sympatric distribution in Daghestan (Eastern Caucasus). L.
alanicum and L. montanum also occurred
together in Krasnodar Territory (Western Caucasus). Each of these
species includes a number of local geographical forms precisely
distinguished from each other. Morphometric differences between L.
alanicum and L. montanum agree with
eco-geographic rules being previously found in chigger mites from other
genera. However, differences between local forms of these species show
other tendencies, directed controversially in part. Therefore it is
probable that interspecific differences in this case correspond to the
variability which took place in the process of speciation.


text:
نوع مقاله : مقاله مستقل
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مکاترونیک
استادیار دانشگاه هوایی شهید ستاری
In industrial robotic manipulator, due to the presence of quite nonlinear dynamic and structural and nonstructural uncertainties, a precise model is not easily obtained. As a result, designing a controller with a suitable function based on system model is a challenging issue. Sliding mode control is a robust control with numerous applications which can overcome the aforementioned uncertainties. However, this control method has several defects such as chattering in input control in implementing stage. In this article, Fuzzy sliding mode control based on TSK method for controlling manipulator position tracking is suggested. This control method not only has advantages of sliding mode but also it has no chattering control effect in implementation process. To exhibit the function of sliding mode control, a case study is implemented on a robot manipulator with two revolute joints. The mathematical proofs and the simulation results reveal the desirable efficiency of Fuzzy sliding mode control.


Skip to Content
College of Information and Communications
PR Prose: PR pros can help people unite or we can help them divide
Posted May 9, 2019
By Dr. Shannon Bowen, professor in the public relations sequence
Reprinted with permission from PRWeek
As the news illustrates almost every day, the world has become more contentious and divided than in recent memory. As public relations pros we can help people converse, unite, understand, and listen — or we can help them divide.
What is our moral responsibility? How can we help our profession behave more ethically and have a positive impact on the communities and people around us?
Consider the public relations function itself. We strive for a competitive advantage for our organizations and clients, using the communication function to differentiate ourselves and stay connected to stakeholders.
That's how we contribute to our organizations and earn a seat at the table. Competitiveness is key. But what if we also embraced our roles as communication facilitators?
Although being competitive is central, we can also use our roles to help resolve conflict, generate ethical awareness and responsiveness, and to build understanding with stakeholders and even the people who may not even like us.
But what does it take to accomplish this in such a contentious environment?
A communication facilitator listens intently and acts as a liaison between two or more perspectives. Building dialogue is not easy. We must act with good will, listen to understand, not to prepare counter-points, and be willing to relinquish power for a shared understanding.
Sharing power is difficult for competitive businesses. In today's divisive environment, those seeking power seem to outnumber those who try to enhance and enable the voices of others.
One potential solution: Act as a conscientious facilitator for our organizations and clients and engage with the people who are dissatisfied with our organizations. It's a bold move, but one filled with moral autonomy, respect, and dignity.
This must be done with good intent and to help promote understanding and resolve problems, rather than to simply pacify or silence our critics.
It can also be unpleasant. You may be rebuffed, or met with derision, suspicion, and contempt. But, the role of conscientious facilitator offers huge benefits and offers insight into the perspective of others.
In a world full of divisiveness, PR pros can enhance their own worth by being the reasonable voice, the facilitator of accord, and a leader respected by all who creates a zone of understanding.
Being a conscientious facilitator requires us to be active and mindful, rather than simply convinced of the rightness of our causes. And we're required to be flexible, patient and resilient when forging a path through this difficult and divisive terrain.
For example, Bill Nielsen, a leader for years at Johnson & Johnson, once told me he regularly attended animal rights activist meetings so he could talk with them and understand their values and priorities.
He was routinely scowled upon, but he was in the room when others were not. Sometimes it just takes showing up with good intent to improve the world and lessen the divisiveness in our small part of it.
This is the essence of ethical, conscientious facilitation in public relations that leads to true collaboration and better relationships over time.
Challenge the conventional. Create the exceptional. No Limits.


Facts about Portland's Historic Mausoleum
Nine Interesting Facts about Portland's Historic Mausoleum
In Architecture, History, Portland, Stained Glass
There are many surprising and interesting things to learn about The Portland Mausoleum and its rich history. and carefully preserved architecture and elegance. Here are ten we think you should know:
Facts about Portland's Historic Mausoleum
 1. This historic building is the oldest crematory west of the Mississippi, having been established in 1901.
 2. The building consists of 8 floors, 3 elevators, and over 7 miles of indoor corridors.
 3. Most of the stained glass art in the many skylights and windows were designed, constructed and installed by the Povey brothers, A. A. Gerlich, and Louis C. Tiffany.
 4. The Povey brothers are entombed at the Mausoleum.
 5. Most of the marble statuary in the mausoleum was hand-carved from Carrara marble at the Taverlli Studios in Italy, then shipped to Oregon.
 6. The Mausoleum houses one of three exact re-creations of Michelangelo's famous Pietà. Weighing close to 7,000 lbs, the replica was carved by Taverelli Studios in 1969 using marble from the same Italian quarry where Michelangelo carved the original Pietà in 1499.
 7. Because of its unique construction of steel, granite, and concrete, the Portland Memorial Mausoleum was designated as a bomb shelter during WWII.
 8. Today, there are approximately 95,000 memorials incorporated within the building spread out over 4 acres. It would require approximately 75 acres to accomplish this in a traditional cemetery.
Wilhelm's Portland Memorial Funeral Home, Mausoleum, and Crematory is located at 6705 SE 14th Avenue in Portland, Oregon.


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Genetic model organisms have revolutionized science, and today, with the rapid advances in technology, there is significant potential to launch many more plant species towards model status. However, these new model organisms have to be carefully selected.
Hemerocallis (the daylily) satisfies multiple criteria for selection and deserves serious consideration as a subject of intensive biological investigation. Several attributes of the genus are of great biological interest. These include the strict control of flower opening and, within a short period, the precisely regulated floral death by a programmed cell death system. The self-incompatibility system in Hemerocallis is also noteworthy and deserves more attention. Importantly, the genus is widely cultivated for food, medicinal value and ornamental interest. Hemerocallis has considerable potential as a 'nutraceutical' food plant and the source of new compounds with biomedical activity. The genus has also been embraced by ornamental plant breeders and the extraordinary morphological diversity of hybrid cultivars, produced within a relatively short time by amateur enthusiasts, is an exceptional resource for botanical and genetic studies.
This paper in AoB PLANTS explores these points in detail, explaining the reasons why this genus has considerable value – both academic and socio-economic – and deserves new resources devoted to its exploration as a model. Its impact as a future model will be enhanced by its amenability to cultivation in laboratory and field conditions. In addition, established methods for various tissue and cell culture systems as well as transformation will permit maximum exploitation of this genus by science.
Rodriguez-Enriquez, M.J., and Grant-Downton, R.T. (2012) A new day dawning: Hemerocallis (daylily) as a future model organism. AoB Plants 5: pls055 doi: 10.1093/aobpla/pls055

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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- Can I draw Disney characters and sell them?
- Is digital art good for beginners?
- Is digital art easier than drawing?
- Is digital art a real art?
- Is digital art more popular?
- Is iPad good for digital art?
- What do artists use for digital art?
- What are the disadvantages of digital art?
- Is digital or traditional art harder?
- What is a good size for digital art?
- Which laptop is best for digital art?
- Can I sell anime fanart?
- Is digital an art medium?
- Is drawing fan art illegal?
- Is digital art difficult?
- Is Disney Fan Art legal?
- Is digital illustration easy?
- What's the best app for digital art?
- Who is the pioneers in digital art?
- Is digital art cheating?
Can I draw Disney characters and sell them?
You cannot sell your drawings of Disney characters because, by doing so, you would be infringing on The Walt Disney Company's copyrights and trademarks.
These characters are their intellectual property.
If you want to sell your Disney artwork, you have to secure a license from them..
Is digital art good for beginners?
Yes, you should always want to learn new things, and if you want to learn it it can be helpful later on with physical art because you have all ready mastered one medium. Digital art has most all colors while when starting in paper you only have so many.
Is digital art easier than drawing?
Digital art is very much easier, can be done with much ease in sketching, colouring or shading , layering and so on. Edit tools enable undo or undo and settings help to to work on layers for every sequence.
Is digital art a real art?
Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentation process. Since the 1960s, various names have been used to describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art. Digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.
Is digital art more popular?
As time passes and technology advances, it gives art new means and mediums to be used to express these thoughts and experiences. One of these new mediums is digital art, which has surged in popularity during the past few decades.
Is iPad good for digital art?
As of 2020, the iPad Pro remains an incredible creative tool. For artists and illustrators who want a portable drawing and painting device, it's more than a match for the Microsoft Surface Pro or Wacom MobileStudio Pro (unless you prefer the extra three-inches of screen that you get from the 16-inch Wacom).
What do artists use for digital art?
If you're in the market for some new art software, check out our guide to the best digital art software around.Wacom Cintiq touch. … Wacom Intuos Pro Paper Edition. … Clip Studio Paint EX. … ImagineFX magazine subscription. … Wacom MobileStudio Pro. … iPad Pro & Apple Pencil. … Clip Studio Paint EX for iOS. … Procreate.More items…•
What are the disadvantages of digital art?
Disadvantages of Digital ArtUnlimited Possibilities. Limitless possibilities can lead to creative paralysis.No Original Copy. No original physical copy. … Too Easy. Some say the undo button makes digital art too easy but I believe that's a misconception.
Is digital or traditional art harder?
Digital art isn't easier compared to any other traditional media. Beginner artists think digital art is easier because you can press the undo button in case you messed up your artwork and revert the image to previous steps before the mistake. Like any other artistic form of expression, it has its pros and cons.
What is a good size for digital art?
Basic Requirements for Digital Art To ensure a quality reproduction of a continuous-tone image, the file must have resolution of at least 300ppi (pixels per inch). For example, a continuous-tone image with dimensions of 900 x 1500 pixels can be reproduced no larger than 3" x 5".
Which laptop is best for digital art?
The best laptops for graphic design right nowMacBook Pro (16-inch, 2019) The best laptop for graphic design overall. … Dell XPS 15 (2020) Dell's best laptop yet. … Acer ConceptD 7. … MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2020) … Dell XPS 13 (Late 2020) … Microsoft Surface Book 2. … Lenovo ThinkPad P1. … Dell Precision 3540.More items…•
Can I sell anime fanart?
As long as you only show your private artwork, then you can upload whatever picture of any copyrighted character you want. But if you are actively making money with that fanart of yours, then that is illegal! So if you are selling that artwork as a print on whatever you want to print it on, it is illegal!
Is digital an art medium?
The digital medium uses technology in its creation. Digital Art has revolutionized more traditional art forms like painting, sculpture and cinema, and it is even finding its way into craft design and architecture. All art is technology; it is what makes art human.
Is drawing fan art illegal?
The answer is, if you are creating fan art whether for profit or not, any copyrighted character or use of trademark in a description or title without prior written consent from the copyright owner, then selling fan art is illegal but making fan art is not illegal.
Is digital art difficult?
Drawing Digitally takes as much effort to learn as drawing traditionally. In the end, when it comes to drawing digitally, don't expect it to be any easier or harder than traditional drawing. You still need to learn all the fundamentals and you have to practice. There is no shortcut to learning how to draw.
Is Disney Fan Art legal?
Another common statement is that your product is considered "fan art". Fan art is absolutely okay to make and share. However, if you are drawing an almost exact replica of a Disney character, you cannot sell your fan art. There are no protections for selling fan art that is a near copy of a Disney character.
Is digital illustration easy?
Becoming a Digital Illustrator is no easy task. … Having a Tablet Is Paramount Even if you buy the cheapest, smallest tablet you can get your hands on it will allow you to take advantage of the mechanics of drawing with a pencil that you learned at a young age, making digital illustration a more natural process.
What's the best app for digital art?
Best drawing and painting apps for AndroidHere, we discover the best Android tablet apps for artists, whether for sketching, drawing or painting. … Infinite Painter. … ArtRage. … Autodesk Sketchbook. … Adobe Illustrator Draw. … Tayasui Sketches Lite. … ArtFlow.
Who is the pioneers in digital art?
Frieder Nake (b. 1938) is a German mathematician, computer scientist, regarded as one of the pioneers of computer art. In the 1960s he created an algorithm to explore Paul Klee's use of vertical and horizontal lines. His source of inspiration was Klee's 1929 painting Highroads and Byroads.
Is digital art cheating?
Megan, the answer is no, digital art is not cheating it's simply another skill to achieve that you've created. Creativity is ART, not skill, not talent, creativity is what makes the artist. Digital drawing is simply another skill to be learned.


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Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2017, Volume: 10, Issue: 5, Pages: 1-6
Maria Panhwar, Syed M. Shehram Shah, Syed M. Zafi S. Shah, Syed M. Z. Abbas Shah and Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry
Department of Software Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (IICT), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Fall detection is an important aspect of the field of accident prevention, ambient assisted living as well as care of the elderly. To address this issue, researchers have employed several approaches including vision based systems, setups that require deployment in a special environment and inertial sensors. Inertial sensors have the advantage of being deployable in mobile systems such as wearable devices and smart phones. An important consideration in using inertial sensors for fall detection is the need to develop techniques that would work without enforcing positional requirements of the sensor device. This paper presents a method for the detection of falls using inertial sensors readings of the smart phone, a tri-axial accelerometer, tri-axial gyroscope and orientation data. We consider inertial sensor data for two falls and three activities of daily living. Using Auto-Regressive (AR) modeling to characterize the measurements from the sensors, we compare Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Neural Networks for use in classifying between these five events. Results indicate that the Neural Network provides better classification accuracy compared to SVM for the purpose of differentiating between falls and the activities of daily living.
Keywords: Fall Detection, Inertial Sensor, Machine Learning, Mobifall
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Sticky Smartphone
Posts tagged forecast
2 notes &
How to forecast active user growth in your app (Shareable spreadsheet)
One of the most important things when developing your mobile app (or web app) is determining how many people are returning to use it and how to measure if the changes you are making is really improving it for the users. The number of registered users is not a great measure of how your app is engaging users. You could have 1 million users signing up but none of them may return to use the app after the first time.
A better measure is to see how many people are actively using your app. However, this number can get confused with the number of people who are new users, so you need to work out how many people stop using your app for each group of new users and when they stop using it. This makes it complicated to forecast the growth (or non-growth) of your app, making it hard to measure if your changes are having the desired effect of making your app sticky.
When is it time to get more users?
If your losing lots of users, you may not want to focus on acquiring lots of new users because they will likely only use your app once, so you need a good indication of when to start applying resources to get more users.
I've created a basic google spreadsheet that lets you to set up some active user goals and makes some forecasts for you. You can setup some targets for a future number of active users for a certain point in the future and understand how many people you need to acquire to hit your goal.
This lets you decide if it is an appropriate time to turn on the taps for user acquisition. e.g. if achieving 100,000 active users in 50 weeks means acquiring 10,000,000 new users, it's clearly not the time to plough financial resources into acquiring new users.
The Output
It will produce a chart like the above.
 - The Redline is the forecast of active users.
 - The orange line is your real data.
 - The blue bars are the number of new users you are acquiring for each data point (day, week, month.. it's up to you).
 - Target Active Users is the number of active users you hope to achieve
 - Target Period is the time by which you are looking to reach that number of active users
 - User Acqusition Growth rate is the linear % increase of the number of users you need to acquire for each time period.
 - Total Users is the number of overall users you need to have acquired by the final period to hit your target number of active users
What do you need to Input?
You need to type in the Target number of active users and the target period you hope to achieve it by. To generate the graph you need to input into the fields described below
The first 2 fields are your baseline. It's the number of new users you acquired in the last period and the number of active users you had in the last period.
Churn rates
Churn rate is the % of users you lose every period. e.g If you acquired 100 users in a period and in the next period, 30 of them are still active, your churn rate is 70%. However, usually the churn rate is high for the first period and subsequent periods are lower, this is because in the first period people are trying out your app and quite a few of them will decide it is not for them. The subsequent periods tend to have a more 'natural' churn.
So in this chart you need to apply a first period churn rate and a second churn rate for all other periods. You should be able to extrapolate these figures form your analytics tool.
New Users and Active Users
The last things to fill out is the number of new users you get every period. You can start by plugging in old data to see if your churn rate estimates are accurate. Fill in the actual number of active users and you can see how well the prediction is based on your inputted churn rates.
Fill in your new user forecasts and it should give you a forecast on the number of active users.
Testing your performance
When you get new data for a period, you can input the number of new users and the actual active user number. Look at the numbers and the chart and if it starts diverging upwards, then the changes you have made to your app are having a positive effect on your churn rate.
You can reuse the chart with your new churn rates to re-estimate the targets you are trying to achieve.
If you find this useful, or know someone who may find this useful, spread it around.
The example spreadsheet can be found here
Image from Cillian Storm
Filed under active users mobile analytics churn rates user acquistion forecast predictive analytics


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Fukushima visit for University of Glasgow scientist
Issued: Tue, 28 Feb 2012 09:15:00 GMT
A University of Glasgow academic is flying to Japan to visit the Fukushima Prefecture, where three nuclear reactors were seriously damaged in the earthquake and subsequent tsunami of March 2011.
David Sanderson, Professor of Environmental Physics at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), will be in Japan between 28 February and 9 March following an invitation from Fukushima University, where scientists are working to map and measure the area's radiation levels.
He will tour Fukushima City and surrounding areas and deliver speeches to academics and government officials on environmental radiation and how mobile and airborne gamma ray spectrometry techniques can be used to map areas affected by radiation.
He will take a portable gamma ray sensor system to demonstrate a method of radiation measurement developed at SUERC. The information collected by the backpack-mounted sensor can be used to build a visual map of the radiation levels in any given location. Professor Sanderson expects to examine radiation levels on the campus of Fukushima University and in areas within the prefecture which have been affected by the accident.
Significant amounts of radioactive material were released into the air last year when three of the reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant melted down and caused explosions. Scientists at SUERC, a collaboration between the Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, subsequently detected radioactive iodine particles from the plant in the atmosphere over Glasgow, which had been carried by air currents from Fukushima.
Professor Sanderson said: "After the earthquake struck and the scale of the problems unfolding at Fukushima became clear, the team at SUERC helped advise UK authorities of elevated levels of radiation found in Scotland and offered assistance to the International Atomic Energy Agency.
"I'll be visiting the week before the first anniversary of the earthquake on 11 March. I'll be speaking about SUERC's work and the environmental consequences of past nuclear accidents to audiences at Fukushima University and the National Institute for Enviromental Science, and visiting the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council in Tsukuba.
"I expect the visit will provide a valuable exchange of information and ideas with Japanese academics as well as an opportunity to see for myself how the area is dealing with the lingering after-effects of the earthquake.
"At the end of March, four scientists from Fukushima University will come to East Kilbride to visit SUERC's headquarters. I look forward to continuing our conversations and exploring new opportunities for collaborations which could be of wide-ranging benefit in the field of environmental radiation detection. "
Professor Sanderson's visit to Japan is funded by the Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation, which promotes UK-Japanese relations, and the University of Glasgow's College of Science and Engineering.
For more information contact Ross Barker in the University of Glasgow Media Relations Office on 0141 _PHONE_ or email _EMAIL_
Notes to Editors
About SUERC: SUERC's mission is to perform, stimulate and support high quality basic, applied and strategic research, within the Scottish University community and beyond, in the Earth, Environmental and Biomedical Sciences through development and maintenance of high-end analytical facilities, inter-disciplinary exchange and collaborative interaction.
SUERC provides a focus in Scotland for high quality research through its own research programme and by assisting partner universities successfully to bid for research grants and deliver research outputs.
Through teaching and training, SUERC contributes to the future supply of highly able scientists. Commercial research and testing is a valuable source of additional income and frequently contributes to national welfare and security. SUERC is operated jointly and funded equally by the Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh and, through a Memorandum of Understanding, Aberdeen University is an Associate Member.
Links to several other Scottish institutions are illustrated by SUERC's lead role in the Research Pooling Initiatives, SAGES, the Scottish Alliance for Geoscience, Environment and Society, and ECOSSE, the Edinburgh Collaborative of Sub-surface Science and Engineering.
<< University news


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ignore such records. On failure, returns -1 and sets errno.
- Retrieve the next record (key and value) from a cursor. Note that records are not guaranteed to be returned in any particular order. On failure, returns -1 and sets errno.
- Retrieve the next several keys and values from a cursor. Up to maxnum keys and values will be stored in the arrays pointed to by the keys and vals arguments. Returns the number of records retrieved. On failure, returns -1 and sets errno.
- Returns true if the cursor has reached the end of the quota store.
- Resets a cursor to point to the beginning of the quota store, allowing another pass over the data.
- For old-style quota v1 implementations, this function enables quotas for the specified ID type. To ensure that the quota files are consistent with the file system state, quotacheck(8) must have been run beforehand. As described above, the file system volume must be listed in fstab(5) and the corresponding old-style mount option, userquota or groupquota, must be set therein. The path name for the quota file is retrieved from fstab(5) and passed to the kernel. This function will fail if used on newer quota implementations with in-file-system quotas.
- For old-style quotas, this function disables quotas for the specified ID type. This function will fail if used on newer quota implementations with in-file-system quotas.
- A convenience function for initializing a struct quotaval instance to the default empty state.
ERRORSError conditions include:
- An inconsistency was detected during quotacursor_get() or quotacursor_getn(). The application should discard information collected so far and use quotacursor_rewind() to start the iteration over.
- The quota information requested from quota_get() does not exist.
- The path passed to quota_open() was on a volume whose quota support is not enabled.
- The path passed to quota_open() was on a volume that has no quota support. Or, the iterator functions, quota_put(), or other unsupported operations were attempted on an NFS volume, or on some other volume type that does not support the full semantic range of quota information.
SEE ALSOquota(1), edquota(8), mount_ffs(8), mount_nfs(8), quotacheck(8), quotaon(8), repquota(8), rpc.rquotad(8)
HISTORYThe libquota library first appeared in NetBSD 6.0.
AUTHORSThe libquota library was written by.
|February 13, 2012||NetBSD 7.0|


Home |Tech | News
Virtual hand gets under the skin
These new amazingly realistic animations of the human hand go way beyond the demands of Hollywood (see video, right). They are detailed enough to shed light on the mystery of how the tendons and muscles of the human hand interact when we move, and should help surgeons reconstruct damaged hands more effectively.
Computer animators are adept at making characters that move realistically, largely thanks to advances in motion capture technology that records the way people move.
But even the best motion capture only records the movement of the body's surface. That's fine for a movie, but surgeons are less superficial. They are interested in the movement of muscles and tendons beneath the skin.
Now hand animations that go below the surface (see video, right), have been made, by Shinjiro Sueda, Andrew Kaufman and Dinesh Pai at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada.
Moving muscle
They used anatomical data from medical images to model the 17 bones and 54 tendons and muscles of the hand and forearm.
The team's software can coordinate the contraction and relaxation of muscles, and the way forces are transmitted by tendons to produce any desired hand gesture.
"Motion capture is data driven - you just capture the data and play it back," says Sueda. "Our approach is a simulation in which the starting point is the physics of muscle and tendon movement."
Sueda's team also clothed their virtual muscles and tendons in a layer of skin. Just like real skin its shape depends on the anatomy beneath it.
Helping hand
"The parameters to control the deformation of the skin aren't biomechanical - it's just cosmetic," says Sueda. But because the underlying controlled muscles and tendons are accurately placed, the result is a hand animation that is highly realistic.
When Sueda's team took screen grabs of their animated hands and compared them to photographs of real hands in the same position, the two sets of images match closely.
The model should be a boon to surgeons, says Sueda. "The network of muscles and tendons in the hand is very complicated," he adds. "Even now people don't know how it actually works in detail."
Although the anatomy of the hand was worked out long ago from dissections, the interplay of all the components when in motion has largely remained a mystery. For this reason, the results of hand surgery can be unpredictable.
Adding realism
When a tendon is damaged, the muscle it's attached to no longer functions properly. Surgeons try to restore movement by taking a nearby tendon and re-routing it along the path of the damaged one. But predicting the results of that is difficult.
"Using our technique, you can show what effect rerouting a tendon would have on the hand before you actually do the surgery," says Sueda.
The new technology has also been built as a plug-in for existing graphics software to allow animators to quickly and easily add more realism to their hand animations.
The new hand animation models will be presented at the SIGGRAPH computer graphics conference in Los Angeles on 15 August 2008.
Movie file can be downloaded here:
Hair analysis on trial after FBI admits to using flawed evidence
19:00 20 April 2015
Mini 3D printed organs mimic beating heart and liverMovie Camera
17:25 20 April 2015
Carbon dioxide could be turned into a huge underground battery
16:23 20 April 2015
Proto quantum computer inspired by Victorians gets a speed boost
19:00 17 April 2015
Latest news
E-cigarettes are smoke of choice for US schoolchildren
18:32 21 April 2015
Stars throw out a lifetime's waste carbon in just 1000 years
17:00 21 April 2015
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Space geckos seen playing on their trip into orbitMovie Camera
10:15 21 April 2015
© Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd.


Certain (long) street names / intersection names are not recognized by the program.
Table of Contents
A very long street name exists in the database, but diagrams for locations on that street can not be generated, and sometimes the street itself is missing from high accident location lists.
In almost all routines, Intersection Magic strips leading and trailing spaces from street names. As a result, a street name is not valid if it contains leading or trailing spaces. This is a problem in the situation when a very long street name is added to the database. If the 29th character ( the maximum length of a street name) is a space, it will be added to the database with the space. From then on this street will not be accessed properly.
Working on itÉ (4/30/99)
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5322 New Design RD.
Frederick MD 21703
Veterinarians in Frederick MD Veterinarians in Frederick MD
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Seasonal Toxins-Fatal Fertilizers in Frederick, MD
The spring weather is upon us and the gardeners of Frederick, MD have begun planning and preparing flower beds and gardens for the season. Fertilizer is a common purchase during the season that can be potentially toxic to dogs and cats. Included in the list of dangerous fertilizers and mulch are blood meal, bone meal, cocoa bean mulch and fertilizers that contain iron.
Blood Meal: made of dried, ground and flash-frozen blood. It contains 12% nitrogen, which is desirable for gardening, but not for your pet. Some are also fortified with iron, which can result in iron toxicity. Blood meal has a generally mild to moderate level of toxicity. Signs of ingestion include vomiting, diarrhea and severe pancreatitis. It can also cause nausea, drooling, bloody vomit, lethargy, abdominal pain and bloat.
Bone Meal: made of defatted, dried and flash-frozen animal bones that are ground to a powder. Gardeners use bone meal to dust spring bulbs to prevent squirrels from ingesting the bulbs. It is a great organic fertilizer, but when your pet consumes this fertilizer in large amounts, a large cement-like bowling ball foreign body can form in the stomach causing an obstruction. This fertilizer generally has a mild to moderate level of toxicity. Symptoms can include drooling, nausea, vomiting (acute or delayed onset), diarrhea, abnormal posture due to abdominal pain, difficulty breathing and "muddy" colored gums.
Cocoa Bean Mulch: made of discarded hulls or shells of the cocoa bean, which are by-products of chocolate production. The processed hulls can contain theobromine and caffeine which can be dangerous to pets. The "chocolate like" smell is very enticing to dogs and cats. Cocoa bean mulch varieties with higher toxin concentrations can cause vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactivity, abnormal heart rhythm, muscle tremors and seizures. In extreme cases, death can occur.
Fertilizers containing iron: most fertilizers contain varying amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They may also contain iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, boron, manganese and molybdenum which may be toxic in large concentrations. Small ingestions may result in mild stomach upset. Large ingestions may result in severe poisoning. Iron toxicity can cause bloody vomiting and diarrhea from gastrointestinal hemorrhage, lethargy, abdominal pain, shock, elevated heart rate, panting, tremors and can effect organ systems.
Below are steps you can take if you suspect your pet has been poisoned:
1. Immediately remove your pet from the area and make sure no other pets are exposed to the area.
2. Check to make sure your pet is breathing normally and acting normally.
3. Collect a sample of the material and save the packaging, vial or container. This information is necessary when speaking with a Kingsbrook Animal Hospital team member or to a Pet Poison Helpline expert.
4. Do NOT give your dog any home remedies or induce vomiting without speaking with a Kingsbrook Animal Hospital team member or a Pet Poison Helpline expert. It actually may be detrimental or contraindicated to induce vomiting or giving home remedies.
5. Get help! Below are phone numbers that we recommend programming into your cell phone for immediate access to help.
6. Report the toxicity immediately. The prognosis is always better when a suspected toxicity is reported immediately. Please don't wait to see if your pet becomes ill before contacting us for help. The sooner, the better!
Kingsbrook Animal Hospital: _PHONE_
CARE (Crossroads Animal Referral and Emergency): _PHONE_
Pet Poison Helpline: _PHONE_ or _URL_
Mon – Fri: 7:45am – 6:00pm
Sat: 7:45am – 1:00pm


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Nuclear Engineering Program
The Bachelor of Science (BS) program in Nuclear Engineering (NE) is accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, _URL_.
The mission of the Nuclear Engineering program at Idaho State is to produce nuclear engineers who will make significant contributions to the world nuclear enterprise. The specific focus of our mission is to prepare graduates to excel in a wide range of careers in nuclear engineering associated with nuclear reactors, the nuclear fuel cycle, and other applications of nuclear technology.
Program Educational Objectives - Nuclear Engineering
- Our graduates will be active in the nuclear industry or related fields, making contributions to its advancement, either in industry, research, or academics.
- Our graduates will have a record of accomplishment in the nuclear industry.
- Our graduates will engage in lifelong learning, keeping abreast of advancements in their fields.
Upon graduation, students of Nuclear Engineering will have demonstrated:
- An ability to apply knowledge of advanced mathematics, science and engineering, including atomic and nuclear physics, and the transport and interaction of radiation with matter, to nuclear and radiological systems and processes.
- An ability to design and conduct experiments, to measure nuclear and radiation processes, as well as to analyze and interpret data.
- An ability to perform nuclear engineering design of systems, components, or processes to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability.
- An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams.
- An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems.
- An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.
- An ability to communicate effectively.
- The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context.
- A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning.
- A knowledge of contemporary issues.
- An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.
Enrollment and graduation numbers
Degrees awarded during the time periods 7/13 - 6/14:
- Nuclear Engineering BS 10
- Nuclear Science and Engineering MS 16
- Nuclear Science and Engineering PhD 3
Graduate student enrolment during same time
- Nuclear Science and Engineering MS 38
- Nuclear Science and Engineering PhD 13


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Gestational Period Depends on Structure of Placenta: Research
WEDNESDAY Nov. 17, 2010 -- The structure of the placenta influences the relatively long nine-month pregnancy in humans, researchers say.
In their study, the investigators found that babies grow twice as fast in the wombs of some mammals compared to others and that the difference in growth rate is due to the structure of the placenta and the way it connects the mother and baby.
The more intimate the connection between the mother and the fetus, the faster the baby grows and the shorter the pregnancy, said the researchers at Durham and Reading universities in England.
Human placentas do not form the complex web-like structure seen in animals such as dogs and leopards, which helps explain why humans have longer pregnancies, the study authors explained.
The researchers looked at 109 mammal species and found that the placenta in some species is "highly folded," resulting in a larger surface area that increases the rate at which nutrients are passed from the mother to the baby.
"This study shows that it is not necessarily the contact with maternal blood which determines speed of growth, but the extent to which the tissues of mother and baby are 'interlocked,' or folded, with one another," lead author Dr. Isabella Capellini said in a Durham University news release.
"In humans, the placenta has simple finger-like branches with a relatively limited connection between the mother's tissues and those of the fetus, whereas in leopards, for example, it forms a complex web of interconnections that create a larger surface area for the exchange of nutrients," she explained.
The study findings are published in the current issue of the journal American Naturalist.
The U.S. National Library of Medicine outlines fetal development.
Posted: November 2010


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Texas is apparently a notorious spot for seekers of buried treasure.
It's often rumored that across the Lone Star State, around $340 million is buried, just waiting for a few lucky individuals to strike paydirt.
Some of those riches are rumored to lay in South Padre Island, having been buried in the late 19th century by a man named John Singer.
Singer and his family arrived at the island in 1847, looking to create a better life, and that they did. Their shipping business, as South Padre Island was a major port, grew immensely, and Singer was able to accumulate around $80,000, which at that time was an incredible amount of money.
To keep it safe, he buried the money, along with some silver bars and Spanish coins, in a large sand dune, which he aptly called "Money Hill."
As Union sympathizers, they were forced off the island during the Civil War. When Singer returned to try and find his riches, he never could.
They are rumored to remain buried somewhere on South Padre Island, now valued to be around $3 million!
According to Lone Star Treasure, Singer eventually passed away, in poverty, in Mississippi in 1877.
So if traveling abroad is too expensive this summer, why not a staycation to South Padre Island? It could be VERY worth your while!


text: Welcome to the Teacher Zone of the Understanding Canadian Diversity in Alberta Edukit. Informatics, Multimedia, and the Activities section contain all the material that you and your students will need to use the instructional plans. In the Teacher: Elementary Zone is the lesson plan for Grade 4 which has Students create ethnocultural displays and present them at a Mini Heritage Days Festival. Contained in the Teacher: Secondary Zone are the lesson plans for grades 7, 9, and 10. These plans address Human Rights, Immigration, and Rights and Responsibilities.


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three lactations: MY×fat percentage (F%), MY×protein percentage (P%) and MY×somatic cell score (SCS)) of Brazilian Holstein cattle. It was demonstrated that the effects of heat stress can be harmful for traits related to milk production and milk quality of Holstein cattle even though most herds were maintained in a modified environment, for example, with fans and sprinklers. For MY, the effect of heat stress was more detrimental in advanced lactations (−0.22 to −0.52 kg/day per increase of 1 THI unit). In general, the mean heritability estimates were higher for lower THI values and longer days in milk for all traits. In contrast, the heritability estimates for SCS increased with increasing THI values in the second and third lactation. For each trait studied, lower genetic correlations (different from unity) were observed between opposite extremes of THI (THI 47 v. THI 80) and in advanced lactations. The genetic correlations between MY and milk quality trait varied across the THI scale and lactations. The genotype×environment interaction due to heat stress was more important for MY and SCS, particularly in advanced lactations, and can affect the genetic relationship between MY and milk quality traits. Selection for higher MY, F% or P% may result in a poor response of the animals to heat stress, as a genetic antagonism was observed between the general production level and specific ability to respond to heat stress for these traits. Genetic trends confirm the adverse responses in the genetic components of heat stress over the years for milk production and quality. Consequently, the selection of Holstein cattle raised in modified environments in both tropical and sub-tropical regions should take into consideration the genetic variation in heat stress.
The Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Universidade Federal Fluminense, in Brazil, has been successfully applying the zinc reduction method for graphitization of carbon samples since the development of its early protocols in 2009. Successive methodological research aiming to improve and, ultimately, optimize the precision and accuracy of our results indicates that graphitization temperatures as low as 460°C promote erratic 13C isotopic fractionation, but an approximately constant fractionation of about –5‰ is achieved at 520°C. In this work, we present isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) δ13C results for 14C reference materials graphitized at 550°C with variable amounts of zinc. Based on the results obtained from the addition of 20, 35, and 50 mg of zinc, we conclude that a slightly lower variation in 13C isotope fractionation during graphitization is obtained with less zinc. Moreover, the average isotopic fractionation is not altered by increasing the graphitization temperature from 520°C to 550°C.


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Yarn created from skin cells can be woven into human textiles
A team of researchers from France, Columbia and the U.S. has developed a type of yarn from human skin cells that can be woven into human textiles. In their paper published in the journal Acta Biomaterialia, the group describes the process they used and applications for the materials they produced.
Medical textiles are materials that can be used to heal skin and other body parts. They can also replace parts of damaged organs. But not all patients have the same reactions to all textiles, because the materials are often treated as foreign agents by the immune system. So scientists continue to look for ways to create textiles that the human body will accept. In this new effort, the researchers have created textiles out of human fibroblasts—cells that normally assist with the production of collagen and other fibers. The body will not reject them because they are natural human cells.
The researchers have created a variety of textiles out of the material for use in a wide variety of applications. The researchers first grew skin cell fibroblasts into sheets of material. The sheets were then fashioned into desired shapes. In many instances, they were cut into strings for applications such as suturing wounds. The strings could also be twisted or knotted to create braids or used like yarn for knitting or crochet applications. One notable advantage of the new technique is that it does not require the use of scaffolds to create parts of organs—they can simply be fashioned in ways similar to knitting a hat or scarf.
The new material has already been tested on animals, and the researchers are ready to start testing on human patients. They suggest it could be used to create pouches, valves or tubes, in addition to serving as a suture material for skin or organs after surgery. As an example, they created a tube out of the material and grafted it onto an artery in a test sheep. They also sutured open wounds in rats. The researchers claim the new material works as well as others currently in use.
More information: Laure Magnan et al. Human Textiles: a cell-synthesized yarn as a truly "bio" material for tissue engineering applications., Acta Biomaterialia (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.037
Journal information: Acta Biomaterialia
© 2020 Science X Network


- Naviance Family Connection
 Georgetown ISD is pleased to introduce Naviance Family Connection, a web-based service designed especially for students and parents. Naviance Family Connection is a college and success planning tool designed to help students plan their college search, investigate careers, communicate with their school counselors, and stay on top of tasks and assignments related to their learning plan and college application process.
 Getting Started on Naviance
 1. Log-in to CLASSLINK (link below).
 2. Click the "NAVIANCE" icon.
 Students will always use their GISD-issued username and password with Naviance because this is their primary communication tool with colleges and universities.


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Community Goals in Elite: Dangerous
Community Goals in Elite Dangerous is a kind of mission that is shared by the entire community - for example a goal may be for the community to trade/donate enough food to a single system that is suffering a famine, or to trade/donate enough materials to build a large capital ship for one of the navies.
- The progress of community goals is shared between both Open, Private Group and Solo play.
- You cannot try to directly compete against a goal, but there may be individual community goals competing against each other (e.g. a race to build two capital ships)


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Due to Covid-19 restrictions, venues and exhibitions are closed until further notice. We recommend checking with the venues' own websites for up-to-date information. The award winning Museum of Hartlepool tells the fascinating story of the development of Hartlepool from 3000 B.C. Redisplayed in 2008 it includes an important and diverse collection of objects that reflect the history of the Hartlepool district. The displays represent important parts of Hartlepool history such as the Medieval town, ship building and the First World War Bombardment of the Hartlepools.
The Museum of Hartlepool
Jackson's Dock, Maritime Avenue, Hartlepool, Tees Valley TS24 0XZ England
Please remember to double-check the opening hours with the venue concerned before making a special visit


How do you run dimensions in Autocad?
How do you enter dimensions in Autocad?
To Change Dimension Input Settings
 1. At the Command prompt, enter DSETTINGS.
 2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Dynamic Input tab, under Dimension Input, click Settings.
 3. In the Dimension Input Settings dialog box, select Polar or Cartesian format as the default.
 4. Under Visibility, select one of the following options: …
 5. Click OK to close each dialog box.
29 мар. 2020 г.
How do I manage dimensions in Autocad?
 1. Click Home tab Annotation panel Dimension Style. Find.
 4. Click OK.
 5. Click Close to exit the Dimension Style Manager.
11 янв. 2018 г.
What is a running dimension measurement?
Angular running dimensions are a set of dimensions measured from a zero-degree dimension in a drawing or sketch. … Use angular running dimensions for arc or circle models. For example, you can create and modify angular running dimensions for a flange.
IT IS INTERESTING: You asked: Why does AutoCAD take so long to open?
Why is AutoCAD not showing dimensions?
Check your layer controls, turn on any that are off and see if your dimensions don't appear. If you can see the dimension line, but not the text; this means your text style is too small for the scale. … Another option would be to switch to paperspace (layout) and dimension it this way.
How do you write dimensions?
If you really want to you can put 10W x 5H x 8L. It needs to be written Length X Width X Height. That is standard for measurements.
How do I change AutoCAD to feet size?
 3. Close the Dimension Style Manager.
9 мар. 2018 г.
What are dimensions in AutoCAD?
Dimensions are aggregate features used in AutoCAD to specify dimensions within an AutoCAD drawing. The dimension features have the attributes described below. Aligned dimensions: defpt2 is the endpoint of the first extension line. defpt3 is the endpoint of the second extension line.
How do I add dimensions in AutoCAD 2020?
Create a Linear Dimension with Angled Extension Lines
 1. Click Annotate tab Dimensions panel Linear. Find.
 2. Specify the first and second extension line origin.
 3. At the prompt, enter r (Rotated).
 4. Enter an angle for the dimension line.
 5. Click to place the dimension line.
29 мар. 2020 г.
How is height of house measured?
Building height is measured from finished grade located within 2 feet of the foundation wall to the highest point on the building or structure.
IT IS INTERESTING: How do I delete all frozen layers in AutoCAD?
How do you measure the size of a building?
For a square or rectangular room, you will first need to measure the length and then the width of the room. Then multiply the length and width. Length x Width = Area. So, if your room measures 11 feet wide x 15 feet long, your total area will be 165 square feet.
How do you measure the height of a building?
Building height shall be measured as the vertical distance from the average final grade to the highest point of the coping of a flat roof, or the deck line of a mansard roof, or to the average height of the highest gable of a pitch or hip roof.
Why are my dimensions huge in AutoCAD?
How do you hide dimensions in AutoCAD?
How do I hide text size in Autocad?
 1. On the drawing sheet, right-click the dimension, and then select Edit from the menu. …
 2. Select the Hide Dimension Value check box.
 3. Enter a dimension string to display.
 4. Click OK to close the dialog box.
Why are my dimensions not showing up in paper space?
If your dims are annotative you need to make sure that you have the scales set in model and on the layout viewport to match. The dims also need to be placed at the correct scale setting, or mapped afterwards, to the scale of the viewport.
House 3D


What Is a Lotus Birth?
What Is a Lotus Birth?
Last update: 02 July, 2018
A lotus birth is a practice that sees birth in a particular way. In a lotus birth, the placenta is left attached to the baby through the umbilical cord until it's naturally detached. This process usually lasts between 3 to 10 days after delivery.
Gradual transition
In the vast majority of natural births, the umbilical cord is artificially cut after birth, and thus the baby's union with its placenta comes to an end. This is a task carried out by the doctors or midwife.
A lotus birth allows this separation to occur gradually. That is, the baby continues to be attached to its natural source of nutrients, the placenta, until nature dictates otherwise.
Normally, the umbilical cord falls off between 3 and 10 days after delivery. In that moment, the child separates from the connection that has kept him together with his mother for nine months of gestation.
A birth planned according to this practice doesn't involve any outside intervention to remove the umbilical cord. The stages that comprise a lotus birth are as follows:
 - The child leaves the mother's womb.
 - Later, the mother expels the placenta, which usually happens about 30 minutes later.
 - At this time, the umbilical cord isn't cut, but the baby is held along with the placenta until the umbilical cord detaches naturally.
What Is a Lotus Birth?
Origin of the lotus birth
The lotus birth owes its name to its originator, Clair Lotus Day. In 1974, this researcher from California questioned everything related to the cutting of the umbilical cord, and even studied the work of primatologist Jane Goodall.
This researcher's investigation and her concern for the method of cutting the umbilical cord led her to give birth following this new practice. Since then, many births have been carried out in this way, which has generated various controversies.
Varied opinions: natural method or risky?
There are conflicting opinions regarding this way of giving birth.
On the one hand, the traditional view considers this practice to be a risk factor for the baby. Fundamentally, it's seen as a source of infections if care isn't taken regarding preservation of the placenta.
On the other hand, it appeals to those who want to prioritize a natural process. Emphasis is placed on the advantages associated with the provision of nutrients to the baby and a less drastic separation of its main source of life during pregnancy.
Benefits of lotus births
The placenta is the baby's main source of nutrients. It's an organ that pumps 500-700 ml of blood into the uterus every minute. In this way, it provides oxygen to the baby, as well as hormones.
It's also responsible for discarding harmful substances through the mother's bloodstream. The mother's system then filters the blood through her kidneys.
After birth, the placenta continues to provide nutrients through the umbilical cord.
Those who defend the lotus birth consider it a gradual way of helping the child adapt to new conditions, and that the contribution of nutrients that is received outside of the womb is essential for the baby's growth, development and health.
The process requires specific care that should be known in order to avoid infections and other more serious problems:
 1. After birth and delivery, including the expulsion of the placenta, the placenta must be washed with warm water. This way, any remaining blood will be removed.
 2. Let it drain and dry with a paper towel. Salt is usually added to accelerate the drying process.
 3. Then the placenta is wrapped or put in an open silk bag and placed next to the baby.
What Is a Lotus Birth?
A comprehensive look
The conception that circulates around the lotus birth is a vision of medicine, nature and the human being. According to scholars of the subject, it's a process that challenges many medical myths that we've grown accustomed to.
When considering the fact that the placenta is an integral part of the baby, the natural attitude is to let the process develop according to its organic phases.
The truth is that it entails a different way of looking at birth and like all medical procedures, it's recommended that you consult with your doctor before any decisions are made.


optimization with memcached - is it simple to implement?
memcached is service which provide memory cache storage. It can provide access to cached object via network and it is extrimly fast!
memcashed pecl module is a way which can be used to access cache storage. How it work? It more complicated instead Cache_Lite, but it is fastest. This fact can be explain: Cache_Lite use file system to store cache objects.
So, how PHP developer can use memcached module?
First memcached service need to be installed and configured. It can be done for Unix/Linux systems and for Windows NT/XP/Vista.
Second implement memcached usage to cache functionality like this:
<?php
$memcache = new Memcache;
$memcache->connect($memcached_host, $memcached_port) or die("Can not connect to memcached server");

if ($content = $memcache->get('content_key')) {
 $content = generated_complicated_content($params);
 $memcache->set('content_key', $content, 0, 30);
}

echo $content;
?>
look really simple and very useful.
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What is Welding Inspection?
> Blog > Blog > What is Welding Inspection?
By conducting a welding inspection, the different characteristics of a weld can be evaluated. Some of which can be related to the size of the weld while others are related to the presence of the welds' discontinuities or weld defects.
What is Welding Inspection?
Welding inspection is the use of technological applications to inspect or assess the quality of the welds. It is also to confirm the presence, location and coverage of the welds.
In the field of manufacturing, the welds are used to connect two or more metal surfaces. As the welds carry the brunt of loads, it can encounter fatigue which may be detrimental if proper inspection is not carried out.
There are many reasons as to why welding inspection should be carried out. However, the most prominent reason is to ensure that the welds are of the quality that will allow them to carry out their performance to the max.
In most cases, quality of the welds is determined on the basis of which functions it performs. There are some few ways to tell if a weld is correct.
1) Distribution
One way through which you can know if a weld is correct is through its distribution between two surface materials. It must be equally distributed.
2) Waste
The weld should be free from any wastes such as slag. After cooling, the slag should be removed easily.
3) Porosity
The surface of the weld should not consist of any irregularities, bumps or porous holes (porosity). Porous holes usually indicate weakness.
4) Tightness
The joints must be tight. If not, then it points to a weld problem.
5) Leak-proof
If you are working on an item that contains liquid or gas, a leak is a sure and an obvious way to guess if there is any problem or not.
6) Strength
If the welds are not able to demonstrate the required strength, then that is also another way to determine if the weld is correct.
The Types of Welding Inspection
1) Visual Inspection
Visual Inspection is the most common welding inspection method. In this, the naked eye is used to analyse the weld material for any defects. If implemented efficiently, it is the most inexpensive method to get good results.
2) X-Ray Inspection
X-Ray Inspection is a non-destructive method of welding inspection. This method is used to see the underside and inside of welded materials. It is recorded on radiographic films and gives a comprehensible reading in order to know how durable the welded materials are.
3) Ultrasonic Inspection
Ultrasonic Inspection is a non-destructive method through which sound wave frequency is analysed to test for proper echoing within welded pipes. Any abnormalities in the sound wave frequency is tracked in order to reject any welds.
Welding Inspector
On the part of the welding inspector, the individual must be in possession of a wide array of knowledge such as welding drawings, symbols, procedures, joint weld design, inspection and testing techniques, etc.
Therefore, the welding inspector is required to be formally qualified. In order to gain the certification of a welding inspector, you must pass a welding inspection exam.


PIP stands for finger x Proximal Inter-Phalangeal joints and Fx MP for finger x Metacarpal-Phalangeal joints. The Distal Inter-Phalangeal joints are not considered as they are coupled with and proportional to the Proximal Inter-Phalangeal (PIP) joints.
The following codification was therefore used (see Figure 1):
 - F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5, respectively identify the thumb, the index, the major, the ring and the pinkie;
 - MCP and PIP, respectively represent the MetaCarpal-Phalangeal joints and the Proximal Inter-Phalangeal joints of the fingers;
 - A (i,i+1) (with i{1,..,4}) represents the abduction and adduction joint between a finger i and the following one (i+1);
 - F1R represents the thumb rotation responsible for the opposition gesture.
Cyberglove and calibration
For our study, two Cyberglove II (18 sensors gloves among which only 15 were used) were used to record the thumb and the fingers joint values with a precision below one degree at a frequency of 100 Hz. Such devices rely on the use of piezoelectric sensors which are sewn inside the elastic glove at each joint level. Bending of one sensor generates a variation of its output voltage, proportionally to the angular posture of the joint. However, even if the flexible glove can adapt to many hand sizes, it has to be calibrated for each subject in order to get representatives measurements independent of the subject's hand morphology.
We therefore developed a simple and fast calibration method derived from the procedure introduced in [14] which relies on the classical use of key-postures. A specific effort has been made to define these key-postures. During the calibration phase, each subject wearing the glove is then asked to reproduce a certain number of known and defined postural patterns with their hand. These patterns are chosen in order to explore a large part of the joint space of the human hand (see Figure 2). As the theoretical angular values for this group of postures are known, a simple linear regression is then performed on the experimentally recorded value in order to identify the gain and offset values (for each sensor) to apply to the raw data sent by the Cyberglove in order to get accurate angular measurements during the experiments:
α = G. ( D b O ff )
(1)
Figure 2
Key-postures that every subject had to perform once during the calibration phase. This phase was performed once by each subject prior to the grasping tasks and the calibration obtained was then used during the entire experimental session.
in which α is the angular value in degrees, D b the raw data, G the gain factor and O ff the offset are the two identified values. An optimal estimation through a least square minimization is performed over the set of recorded postures to identify these parameters. During our experiments, calibration was performed once by each subject before the grasping task and the calibration data were kept and used during the entire session since the subjects did not remove the glove during this time.
Experimental protocol
Ten healthy subjects (22–28 years old, 8 men and 2 women, among which 8 right-handed by self report) naive to the experiment, volunteered to participate to this study. All participants were self-reported to be in good health, with no history of neurological or motor disorders. The present study in healthy subjects is a preliminary control experiment in the framework of a protocol on analysis of dexterity in patients reviewed and approved by a local ethics committee, the "Conseil d'Évaluation Éthique pour les Recherches en Santé" of University Paris Descartes. All participants provided informed consent before the experiments, as required by the Declaration of Helsinki.
Each subject was asked to "grasp-give-receive" 9 different objects, twice. These objects were chosen specifically to allow different grasp types and to span most of hand workspace (see Table 1). The following protocol has been adopted for each grasp-give-receive task (see Figure 3). The subject had to:
 1. 1.
 Place both his hands (wearing Cybergloves) on the start areas delimited by yellow/green tape.

 2. 2.
 Grasp the object in a natural way with the selected starting hand and lift it.

 3. 3.
 Hold still for 2 seconds.

 4. 4.
 Transfer the object to the other "receiving" hand.

 5. 5.
 Hold his/her "receiving" hand still for 2 extra seconds while returning his/her giving hand to the start area.

 6. 6.
 To release the object in the start area.

 7. 7.
 To return his/her "receiving" hand to its start area.

Table 1
Intrinsic properties of the nine objects
Object
Mass in g
Grasping dimensions in mm
Mug's handle
320
Circular handle diameter 60 mm,

section diameter 14 mm
Tape roll
460
Diameter: 110 mm; height:50 mm
Handle
140
Cylinder length: 100 mm

section diameter 30 mm
Cube
170
Side: 45 mm
Box
340
Height: 108 mm
Ball
20
Diameter: 75 mm
Nut (M16)
12
Diameter: 19 mm; height: 11 mm
Thin box
125
Thickness: 17 mm
Pen
8
Diameter: 9 mm; length:130 mm
Figure 3
Illustration of the different protocol's steps for a subject starting with his left hand. Hand's start areas are delimited with yellow/green tape and object's area with red tape. First subject places both his hands on the start areas (1), then he/she is asked to grasp the object with the selected starting hand and to lift it (2), to hold it still (3), then to transfer the object to the other "receiving" hand (4), to hold the receiving hand still (5), then finally to release the object (6) and to return to the start areas (7).
The "grasp-give-receive" task allows us to obtain more generic synergies since both hands are involved. This lowers the influence of hand dominance and side. The selected objects were placed in the object area (delimited by red tape) presented to the subject by the experimenter. Since some objects could be grasped in different ways, some areas of interest for the grasping or affordances (ie, "the design aspect of an object which suggest how the object should be used; a visual clue to its function and use" [15], for example the handle area for the cup [16]) were indicated to the subjects. These areas of interest are shown on highlighted red areas in Figure 4). The objective was to generalize results among the group by avoiding unconventional grasping strategies by uncommon areas. Despite this indication, an important inter-subject variability was observed.
Figure 4
The nine objects used for the experiments: the handle of a mug, a large tape toll, a handle, a 4 cm metallic cube, a 300 grams parallelepiped box, a hollow plastic ball, a M12 nut, a thin rectangular drill bits box and finally a ballpen. The experimenter instructed the subject to grasp the areas of interest highlighted in red.
Starting hand (among right and left) was chosen randomly across subjects and then kept as starting hand for all the trials. The whole procedure lasted 20 minutes.
Data analysis and statistics
Trajectories recorded for every joint were filtered (low-pass filter with a 10 Hz cutoff frequency) in order to remove noise. An example of recorded trajectories during the grasping of an object can be seen in Figure 5 in which one subject is grasping the nut with his left hand first, then with his right hand.
Figure 5
Example of recording of the 15 Dof of both hands during the grasping of the nut. The 7 phases described Figure 3 are indicated. Hand postures for PCA calculations are averaged over the two red areas. Fx PIP stands for finger x Proximal Inter-Phalangeal joints and Fx MP for finger x Metacarpal-Phalangeal joints, Axy for abdution between fingers Fx and Fy, and F1R for the thumb rotation.
Grasping postures for both "giving" and "receiving" hands were extracted from the recordings (steps highlighted in red in Figure 3 equivalent to the transparent red areas from Figure 5) and averaged over the two trials in order to perform some postural synergies evaluation through Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Principal Component Analysis or PCA is a technique from statistics for simplifying a data set that was developed by Pearson [17] and Hotelling [18]. It aims at reducing the dimensionality of multivariate data whilst preserving as much of the relevant information as possible and can be seen as an orthogonal linear transformation from one coordinate system to another. Mathematically, the transformation is defined by a set of p-dimensional vectors of weights or loadings W(k)=(w1,w2,…,w p )(k) that map each row vector X(i) of X to a new vector of principal component scores t(i)=(t1,t2,…,t p )(i), given by tk(i)=x(i).w(k) in such a way that the individual variables of t considered over the data set successively inherit the maximum possible variance from x, with each loading vector w constrained to be a unit vector [19]. PCA were classically calculated with the covariance method. PCA was conducted over all ten subjects, hands (left hand postures were projected on the right side in order to


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Texture in Materials Science is the distribution of crystallographic orientations of a polycrystalline sample. A sample in which these orientations are fully random is said to have no texture. If the crystallographic orientations are not random, but have some preferred orientation, then the sample has a weak, moderate or strong texture. The degree is dependent on the percentage of crystals having the preferred orientation. Texture is seen in almost all engineered materials, and can have a great influence on material properties. Also, geologic rocks show texture due to their thermo-mechanic history of formation processes.
One extreme case is a complete lack of texture: a solid with perfectly random crystallite orientation will have isotropic properties at length scales sufficiently larger than the size of the crystallites. The opposite extreme is a perfect single crystal, which has anisotropic properties by geometric necessity.