Are You a Legal Professional?
Plea Bargain
Many criminal cases are resolved through a plea bargain, usually well before trial. In a plea bargain, the defendant agrees to plead guilty to one or more charges (often to a lesser charge than one for which the defendant could stand trial) in exchange for a more lenient sentence (and/or so that certain related charges are dismissed). Learn more about plea bargaining basics, the benefits and risks in entering into a plea agreement, some and the kinds of plea bargains typically negotiated.
Plea Bargain Basics
A plea bargain is an agreement in a criminal case between the prosecutor and defendant that typically involves the defendant's agreement to plead guilty, often to a lesser offense or to a reduced sentence that has been agreed upon in advance. These agreements allow for the swift resolution of cases where there is little disagreement or where the evidence of guilt is overwhelming. Plea bargains increase efficiency for the courts and reduce expense and time for the defendant. Critics of plea bargaining complain that this efficiency comes at the expense of justice.
Plea Bargain Pros and Cons
Defendants frequently accept plea bargains to avoid a more serious charge, to have fewer charges brought against them, or to avoid the expense and stress of a trial. Plea bargains provide some security because they allow the defendant to negotiate the terms of sentencing, which under other circumstances may remain mysterious until after the trial is finished.
On the other hand, defendants who take a plea miss the opportunity to be found not-guilty; something that can happen for a variety of reasons, even in very strong cases. A defendant who takes a plea bargain waives many objections and opportunities to examine or challenge evidence against them. Appealing a plea bargain is much more difficult than appealing a decision at trail because pleas are voluntarily entered into and generally require that the defendant admit to the charges for which they are ultimately convicted.
Ultimately, a defendant should carefully consider the merits of their case and the possible outcomes at trial against the plea offered by the prosecution. The assistance of an attorney familiar with the jurisdiction and area of law can be very helpful, both in determining whether to take a plea and in negotiating a plea that is most favorable to the defendant.
Types of Plea Bargains
There are three basic kinds of plea bargains. Charge bargaining is an agreement where the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge so that greater charges will be dropped. Sentence bargaining is when the defendant agrees to plead guilty in return for a lighter sentence. Since the judge determines sentencing, not the prosecutor, this type of bargaining is not always successful. The judge may reject the plea because they disagree with the sentence, the jurisdiction may have punishments that are required by law and cannot be altered by an agreement, or the jurisdiction may have disallowed sentence bargaining altogether.
Finally, fact bargaining is the least common form of plea bargaining. The defendant agrees to stipulate to certain facts in order to prevent other facts from being brought into evidence. Most attorneys don't like fact bargaining and many courts don't allow it, which is why fact bargaining is uncommon.
Learn About Plea Bargain


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Ionic-Angular 0.9.x
Views and Navigation
See the Pen by Ionic (@ionic) on CodePen.
As a user navigates throughout your app, Ionic is able to keep track of their navigation history. By knowing their history, transitions between views correctly slide either left or right, or no transition at all. An additional benefit to Ionic's navigation system is its ability to manage multiple histories.
Ionic uses the AngularUI Router module so app interfaces can be organized into various "states". Like Angular's core $route service, URLs can be used to control the views. However, the AngularUI Router provides a more powerful state manager in that states are bound to named, nested, and parallel views, allowing more than one template to be rendered on the same page. Additionally, each state is not required to be bound to a URL, and data can be pushed to each state which allows much flexibility. More about the navView directive here.
With Angular's core $route service, the ngView was used to render the template of the current route. With the AngularUI Router as the base, Ionic instead uses the navView directive to renders templates. One of the largest advantages to navView is that views can be nested, and allows multiple nav-views on one page.
Navigation History
The View Service keeps track of the user's navigation history, such as what views are forward and backward from the current view (like a browser's back button). Using the service, the directives also know which direction an animations transition should happen, such as navigating between views (should it slide left because you're navigating forward, or slide right because you're navigating backwards).
The View Service is leveraged by the Ionic's tabs directive, which has child tab directives. Each tab requires its own history stack (forward and back buttons), and to do so each tab has its own navView directive. This system is similar to what you see in modern apps, such as iOS's App Store, or Android's Play Store.
<ion-nav-view>
Attribute Type Default Description
animation string slide-left-right The animation used to transition between pages.
<ion-nav-bar>
Attribute Type Default Description
animation string nav-title-slide-ios7 The animation used to transition between titles.
type string The class to assign to the navbar. For example, 'bar-positive'.
back-button-type string button-icon Set to empty string to disable back button.
back-button-icon string ion-{{platform}}-arrow-back Any class name from ionicons.
back-button-label string Title of previous view
align-title string center Where to align the title of the navbar. Available: 'left', 'right', 'center'.
Quick Start
To start, we place a <ion-nav-view></ion-nav-view> at the root of the app. The ion-nav-view directive tells Ionic where to place your templates. A view can be unnamed or named, but only one unnamed view can be within any template (or root html). The ion-nav-view directive is based off of the ui-view directive within the ui-router.
If have an <ion-nav-view> element, we can also create an <ion-nav-bar> which will create a topbar that updates as the application state changes. We can also add some styles and set up animations:
<body ng-app="starter">
 <!-- The nav bar that will be updated as we navigate -->
 <ion-nav-bar animation="nav-title-slide-ios7"
 type="bar-positive"
 back-button-type="button-icon"
 back-button-icon="ion-arrow-left-c"></ion-nav-bar>
 <!-- where the initial view template will be rendered -->
 <ion-nav-view animation="slide-left-right"></ion-nav-view>
</body>
State Provider Setup
We can set up Angular to listen for various routes, match which state should be loaded, and render the state's template into the correct <ion-nav-view>.
angular.module('myApp', ['ionic'])
.config(function($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider) {
 $stateProvider
 .state('home', {
 url: "/home",
 templateUrl: "home.html",
 controller: 'HomeCtrl'
 })
 .state('about', {
 url: "/about",
 templateUrl: "about.html",
 controller: 'AboutCtrl'
 })
 .state('contact', {
 url: "/contact",
 templateUrl: "contact.html"
 })
 // if none of the above are matched, go to this one
 $urlRouterProvider.otherwise("/home");
})
.controller('HomeCtrl', function($scope) {
 console.log('HomeCtrl');
})
.controller('AboutCtrl', function($scope) {
 console.log('AboutCtrl');
});
Please visit AngularUI Router's docs for more info. Below is a great video by the AngularUI Router guys that may help to explain how it all works:
Nav Bar And Header Titles
The ion-nav-bar uses the View Service to update the header title as the user transitions through the app. For each transition, the title comes from the title attribute within the view transitioning in.
Templates and Views
Next, in each state's template should contain a view directive, which provides the view's title:
<script id="home.html" type="text/ng-template">
 <ion-view title="'Home'">
 <ion-content has-header="true" padding="true">
 ...
 </ion-content>
 </ion-view>
</script>
<script id="about.html" type="text/ng-template">
 <ion-view title="'About'">
 <ion-content has-header="true" padding="true">
 ...
 </ion-content>
 </ion-view>
</script>
<script id="contact.html" type="text/ng-template">
 <ion-view title="'Contact'">
 <ion-content has-header="true" padding="true">
 ...
 </ion-content>
 </ion-view>
</script>
Inside of each <ion-view> we can specify the title, left buttons, and right buttons that will be updated on the nav bar:
<ion-view ng-controller="AppCtrl" title="myTitle" left-buttons="leftButtons" right-buttons="rightButtons">
</ion-view>
Which we can specify in our controller to be:
app.controller('AppCtrl', function($scope) {
 $scope.myTitle = 'Page One';
 $scope.leftButtons = [
 {
 type: 'button-positive',
 content: '<i class="icon ion-navicon"></i>',
 tap: function(e) {
 }
 }
 ];
 $scope.rightButtons = [
 {
 type: 'button-clear',
 content: 'Edit',
 tap: function(e) {
 }
 }
 ]
});


From Wikizilla, the kaiju encyclopedia
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The Underworld (地獄, Jigoku) is a fictional location thought to be deep below the surface of the Earth. Many religions have a version of the Underworld, and in many of them which have a Heaven, the location is simply referred to as Hell.
Go! Greenman
Although the Underworld is never seen on screen, Maoh is said to be the ruler of it before he was banished by God himself to a desolate cave deep underground.
Orochi, the Eight-Headed Dragon
In Yamato Takeru, the god Tsukuyomi is the lord of the Underworld.
Godzilla in Hell
Issue 1
In the first issue of the five-part miniseries, Godzilla arrives in Hell via falling into it, plummeting into the vestibule where he leaves a crater. After being greeted by a gigantic monument with the inscription "ABANDON ALL HOPE YE WHO ENTER HERE," and subsequently destroying it, Godzilla moves forward and encounters a number of hellish cities.
The first city is lined with glowing red eyes, and features large dome-shaped rocks with eerily human faces sculpted into them, and a second has towers with impossible geometry, large tetrahedrons balanced on tiny rods. There is also a nuclear reactor here, and Godzilla, upon peering into the smoke stacks, is attacked by a demon resembling a mass of tumorous organs. After stomping the demon to death, he moves on and passes through a third city, composed of building with strange hieroglyphic engravings.
Past this, Godzilla encounters an enormous cloud of souls, tossed around in the air by an infernal storm, which he is able to walk through without much resistance. But when he emerges from a cloud bank into the eye of the storm, he finds what appears to be another Godzilla. Soon the creature reveals itself to be another demon and attempts to eat Godzilla, which has the same outcome as when Orga attempted to devour him. In the process of destroying the demon, Godzilla weakens the edge of the ledge of the current tier of Hell and plummets deeper downwards.
Issue 2
Issue 3
Issue 4
Issue 5
Planets and continents Earth (Asia) • MarsJupiterMonster PlanetPlanet Torendiru
Planets and continents Earth (AsiaAmericaEuropeOceaniaAntarcticaNew Guinea) • GorathPlanet Fire God
Geographic points Mount FujiTanzawa PassPacific OceanTokyo Bay
Miscellaneous National Diet BuildingTokyo TowerTokyo StationAratrumOratio
American films
Planets and continents Earth (AmericaOceaniaEuropeAsiaAntarctica)
Printed media
Geographic points Pacific Ocean (Monster IslandMonster IslandsInfant IslandMoansta IslandSatan Atoll)
Planets and continents Earth (AmericaAsiaEurope)
Miscellaneous Golden Gate BridgeEiffel TowerHell
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text:
Antarah (Antar) Ibn Shaddad (525 - 615 / Najd)
'Antarah Ibn Shaddad al-'Absi was a pre-Islamic Arabian hero and poet (525-608) famous both for his poetry and his adventurous life. What many consider his best or chief poem is contained in the Mu'allaqat. The account of his life forms the basis of a long and extravagant romance.
Antarah was born in Najd (northern Saudi Arabia). He was the son of Shaddad, a well-respected member of the Arabian tribe of Banu Abs, his mother was named Zabibah, an Ethiopian woman, whom Shaddad had enslaved after a tribal war. The tribe neglected Antara at first, and he grew up in servitude. Although it was fairly obvious that Shaddad was his father. He was considered one... more »
Click here to add this poet to your My Favorite Poets.
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HIV Vaccine Awareness Day
observed annually on May 18
International Museum Day
memory + creativity = social change
Happy Birthday Omar Khayyam!
(_PHONE_) Persian mathematician, poet, and philosopher
Happy Birthday Friedrich Rückert!
(_PHONE_) German poet, translator, and professor of Oriental languages.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


RebarShapeMultiplanarDefinition Class
A specification for a simple 3D rebar shape.
Namespace: Autodesk.Revit.DB.Structure
Assembly: RevitAPI (in RevitAPI.dll) Version: 2015.0.0.0 (2015.0.0.0)
Syntax
C#
public class RebarShapeMultiplanarDefinition : IDisposable
Visual Basic
Public Class RebarShapeMultiplanarDefinition _
 Implements IDisposable
Visual C++
public ref class RebarShapeMultiplanarDefinition : IDisposable
Remarks
Simple 3D rebar shapes are supported by adding segments to a regular 2D shape definition. The added segments consist of three optional parts: a "duplicate shape" and two connectors. A "duplicate shape" is a second copy of the 2D shape, offset in a perpendicular direction, and connected at either the start or the end by a perpendicular connector segment. Also supported is adding one or both connector segments, without the duplicate shape. Fillets are applied to the connector segments with a diameter that is given by the OutOfPlaneBendDiameter property. The length of the connectors is given by the Rebar instance parameter "multiplanar depth." The MultiplanarDepth property of this class is the default value of the parameter.
Inheritance Hierarchy
System Object
Autodesk.Revit.DB.Structure RebarShapeMultiplanarDefinition
See Also


What Can I Snack On After Gallbladder Removal?
What are the best foods to eat after gallbladder surgery?
What foods should I eat?
 - potatoes with skin.
 - oats.
 - barley.
 - whole grain bread, pasta, rice, and cereal.
 - raw nuts (not roasted in oils), such as almonds, walnuts, and cashews.
 - raw seeds, such as hemp, chia, and poppy seeds.
 - sprouted grains, nuts, and seeds.
 - fruits and vegetables.
When can I eat normal food after gallbladder surgery?
You can usually start eating normally a few hours after your operation, although you'll probably prefer to eat small meals to start with. You may have been advised to follow a low-fat diet for several weeks before surgery, but this doesn't need to be continued afterwards.
What can I eat 24 hours after gallbladder surgery?
your diet 24 hours post surgery
 - Water.
 - Broth.
 - Jello-O.
 - Fruity juice without pulp (apple, grape and cranberry juice)
 - Clear Soda (Avoid Caffeine)
 - Tea.
 - Popsicles (without bits of fruit)
You might be interested: Question: Where Is The Nearest Snack Machine?
Can I eat peanut butter after gallbladder surgery?
4. A diet good for your heart is good for your gallbladder, too. Any diet that would qualify as "heart-healthy" is " gallbladder -healthy," too. That means a diet with some healthy monounsaturated fats, such as those in nuts, avocados, seeds, olives, peanut butter, and the oils from these products.
Can I eat mashed potatoes after gallbladder surgery?
Start with a soft diet that includes porridge, fish, oatmeal, mashed potato /sweet potato, softly cooked vegetables and fruits. Eat smaller meals. Avoid having large meals, as it may be difficult for your body to digest and may lead to bloating.
What should I not eat with no gallbladder?
Avoid high-fat foods, fried and greasy foods, and fatty sauces and gravies for at least a week after surgery. Instead, choose fat-free or low-fat foods. You may also try limiting foods that tend to worsen diarrhea, including:
 - Caffeine.
 - Dairy products.
 - Very sweet foods.
How long does it take to heal internally after gallbladder surgery?
Is it harder to lose weight without a gallbladder?
You might be interested: Question: What Hungry Kids Want In A Snack?
Can you sleep on your side after gallbladder surgery?
Just make sure to sleep on your left side rather than your right where the incisions are to avoid putting too much pressure on this sensitive area. In order to increase the comfort factor, you could use a memory foam knee pillow to help support and straighten your legs, hips, back, and abdominal area while you sleep.
How long is stomach swollen after gallbladder removal?
What is the fastest way to recover from gallbladder surgery?
How long after gallbladder surgery can I eat pizza?
Fried, Greasy, and Junk Foods While you recover, don't eat junk foods like pizza and potato chips. You don't have to avoid them forever. Allow yourself some of these foods once in a while after you recover, but try and limit it to once a month and in small quantities.
Are eggs bad for gallbladder?
The gallbladder produces bile that helps the body digest fats. A high intake of fats, and especially saturated and trans fats, may put extra strain on this process. Researchers have found that people who consume red, processed meats, and egg as part of an overall unhealthful diet have a higher risk of gallstones.
You might be interested: FAQ: How To Make A Rice Rolls Snack?
Are bananas good after gallbladder surgery?
In most cases, you'll find that soft, bland foods are easiest to digest. This includes foods like bananas, white rice, boiled potatoes, plain pasta, dry toast, and crackers. Gradually, you'll be able to advance your diet and add more flavorful foods. Your body will have problems digesting fat right after surgery.
Can you eat cheese after gallbladder surgery?
While it's best to simply avoid dairy products altogether, it's best to stick to low-fat or fat-free dairy options. Whole-milk and other high-fat dairy products can cause diarrhea and painful gas or cramping, so these should not be consumed after undergoing gallbladder surgery.
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-part can be included by means of an expression of the form: $self->eval('SUB_PART_NAME') C<$self> designates the instance of the C class. In an expression you can also use the C<$part> which contains the part of the template where the expression is found. Within an expression it is possible to specify only the name of a part to be inserted. In this case a subroutine with the name of this part is generated dynamically. In the example given in the synopsis, the insertion of the C part can thus be rewritten as follows: 'TOP' => q!Text before %%DATA()%% text after! C is placed within C<%%> and is in effect treated as an expression to be evaluated. The subroutines take arguments. In the following example, the argument is used to control the depth of recursive calls of a template: print Parse::Template->new( 'TOP' => q!%%$_[0] < 10? '['. TOP($_[0] + 1). ']' : ''%%! )->eval('TOP', 0); C<$_[0]> initially contains 0. C is included as long as the argument is less than 10. For each inclusion, 1 is added to the argument. The C method permits constructing the environment required for evaluation of a template. Each entry to be defined within this environment must be specified using a key consisting of the name of the symbol to be created, associated with a reference whose type is that of the entry to be created within this environment (for example, a reference to an array to create an array). A scalar variable is defined by associating the name of the variable with its value. A scalar variable containing a reference is defined by writing C<'var'=>EC<\$variable>, where C<$variable> is a lexical variable that contains the reference. Each instance of C is defined within a specific class, a subclass of C. The subclass contains the environment specific to the template and inherits methods from the C class. If a template is created from an existing template (i.e. calling C as a method of the existing template), it inherits all the parts defined by its ancestor. In case of a syntax error in the evalutaion of an expression, C tries to indicate the template part and the expression that is "incriminated". If the variable C<$Parse::Template::CONFESS> contains the value TRUE, the stack of evaluations is printed. =head1 METHODS =over 4 =item new HASH Constructor for the class. C is a hash which defines the template text. Example: use Parse::Template; $t = new Parse::Template('key' => 'associated text'); =item env HASH =item env SYMBOL Permits defining the environment that is specific to a template. C returns the reference associated with the symbol, or C if the symbol is not defined. The reference that is returned is of the type indicated by the character (C<&, $, %, @, *>) that prefixes the symbol. Examples: $tmplt->env('LIST' => [1, 2, 3])} Defines a list @{$tmplt->env('*LIST')} Returns the list @{$tmplt->env('_USER_')} Ditto =item eval PART_NAME Evaluates the template part designated by C. Returns the string resulting from this evaluation. =item getPart PART_NAME Returns the designated part of the template. =item ppregexp REGEXP Preprocesses a regular expression so that it can be inserted into a template where the regular expression delimiter is either a "/" or a "!". =item setPart PART_NAME => TEXT C permits defining a new entry in the hash that defines the contents of the template. =back =head1 EXAMPLES The C class can be used in all sorts of amusing ways. Here are a few illustrations. =head2 HTML Generator The first example shows how to generate an HTML document by using a data structure placed within the evaluation environment. The template consists of two parts, C and C
. The C
part is called within the C part to generate as many sections as there are elements in the array C. my %template = ('DOC' => <<'END_OF_DOC;', 'SECTION' => <<'END_OF_SECTION;'); %% my $content; for (my $i = 0; $i <= $_TAG_; $i++) { $content.= SECTION($i); } $content; %% END_OF_DOC; %% $section_content[$_[0]]->{Content} =~ s/^/
/mg; join '', '
', $section_content[$_[0]]->{Title}, '
', $section_content[$_[0]]->{Content}; %% END_OF_SECTION; my $tmplt = new Parse::Template (%template); $tmplt->env('section_content' => [ { Title => 'First Section', Content => 'Nothing to write' }, { Title => 'Second section', Content => 'Nothing else to write' } ] ); print $tmplt->eval('DOC'), "\n"; =head2 HTML generation using functional notation The second example shows how to generate an HTML document using a functional notation, in other words, obtaining the text:
text in boldtext in italic
from: P(B("text in bold"), I("text in italic")) The functions P(), B() and I() are defined as parts of a template. The Perl expression that permits producing the content of an element is very simple, and reduces to: join '', _USER_ The content to be evaluated is the same regardless of the tag and can therefore be placed within a variable. We therefore obtain the following template: my $ELT_CONTENT = q!%%join '', _USER_%%!; my $HTML_T1 = new Parse::Template( 'DOC' => '%%P(B("text in bold"), I("text in italic"))%%', 'P' => qq!
!, 'B' => qq!$ELT_CONTENT!, 'I' => qq!$ELT_CONTENT!, ); print $HTML_T1->eval('DOC'), "\n"; We can go further by making use of the C<$part> variable, which is defined by default in the environment of evaluation of the template: my $ELT_CONTENT = q!%%"<$part>". join('', _USER_). ""%%!; my $HTML_T2 = new Parse::Template( 'DOC' => '%%P(B("text in bold"), I("text in italic"))%%', 'P' => qq!$ELT_CONTENT!, 'B' => qq!$ELT_CONTENT!, 'I' => qq!$ELT_CONTENT!, ); print $HTML_T2->eval('DOC'), "\n"; Let's look at another step which automates the production of expressions from the list of HTML tags which are of interest to us: my $DOC = q!P(B("text in bold"), I("text in italic"))!; my $ELT_CONTENT = q!%%"<$part>". join('', _USER_). ""%%!; my $HTML_T3 = new Parse::Template( 'DOC' => qq!%%$DOC%%!, map { $_ => $ELT_CONTENT } qw(P B I) ); print $HTML_T3->eval('DOC'), "\n"; To benefit from the possibility of using the template parts as procedures, we can inherit from the generated template class: use Parse::Template; my $ELT_CONTENT = q!%%"<$part>". join('', _USER_). ""%%!; my $G = new Parse::Template( map { $_ => $ELT_CONTENT } qw(H1 B I) ); _USER_::ISA = ref($G); *AUTOLOAD = \&Parse::Template::AUTOLOAD; print H1(B("text in bold"), I("text in italic")); The reference to C avoids the warning message: Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated Not very elegant. =head2 HTML generation by method call With a slight transformation it is possible to use a method-invocation notation: my $ELT_CONTENT = q!%%shift(_USER_); "<$part>". join('', _USER_). ""%%!; my $HTML_T4 = new Parse::Template( map { $_ => $ELT_CONTENT } qw(P B I) ); print $HTML_T4->P( $HTML_T4->B("text in bold"), $HTML_T4->I("text in italic") ), "\n"; The C permits getting rid of the template object, which we don't need within the expression. =head2 Inheritance of parts In the following example the child template C<$C> inherits the parts defined in its parent template C<$A>: my %ancestor = ( 'TOP' => q!%%"Use the $part model and -> ". CHILD()%%!, 'ANCESTOR' => q!ANCESTOR %%"'$part' part\n"%%!, ); my %child = ( 'CHILD' => q!CHILD %%"'$part' part"%% -> %%ANCESTOR(). "\n"%%!, ); my $A = new Parse::Template (%ancestor); my $C = $A->new(%child); print $C->TOP(); The part defined in C<$A> can be called directly from C<$C>, that derives from C<$A>. =head2 Other examples C was initially created to serve as a code generator for the C class. You will find other examples of its use in the classes C, C and C. =head1 NOTES CONCERNING THE CURRENT VERSION I would be very interested to receive your comments and suggestions. =head1 BUGS Instances are not destroyed. Therefore, do not use this class to create


text:
Does the smell of bleach from your tap water alarm you? The Environmental Protection Agency's policy requires the public water systems to conduct disinfection by injecting chlorine into the water supply. Since this policy is mandatory, you can expect a small amount of chlorine in your tap water. However, there are other reasons why the water smells like bleach.
One reason why water smells like bleach is when a municipality conducts water shock chlorination. Aside from that, it can also be caused by an organic material that triggers chlorine to emit a strong odor. Also, the water filter in your well may inject chlorine into the water to eradicate the pathogens.
Reasons Why Tap Water May Smell Like Bleach
Municipality conducts shock chlorination.
If your municipality recently experienced a storm or a flood, it might have decided to conduct shock chlorination. So what exactly is this process? Shock chlorination is disinfecting a water system by injecting a high chlorine concentration. This method is usually done to eliminate the contaminants caused by floods or storms.
Once the amount of chlorine reaches one mg/L, you can smell and taste the bleach. However, putting excessive chlorine is possible, affecting the water quality. Therefore, it is essential to detect early if your water is overchlorinated since it is maybe dangerous to your health.
Chlorine's reaction to biofilms
Biofilms are harmful microorganisms such as algae, bacteria, and fungi encapsulated in protective slimes. Once the biofilms advance, the communities of microorganisms become more complex. Aside from that, amoeba and protozoans grow, leading to corrosion and legionella growth.
Chlorine helps eradicate these biofilms by permeating their structures and preventing their growth. However, the chemical may emit a more pungent odor as its reaction to the microorganisms.
Well's filter injects chlorine into the water.
If you have a private well with a chemical injection filter, your filter may have injected chlorine into the water to eradicate pathogens. If this is the situation, you only need to wait for the chlorine to dissipate. Once the smell has gone, you can safely use your tap water. However, it may take up a few hours.
What Are The Symptoms Of Too Much Chlorine?
Tap water smells like pool water.
If your tap water smells like pool water, it is clear that it is overchlorinated. This smell is expected when the municipality is doing shock chlorination. It is better not to drink your tap water since chemicals like ammonia may also smell like chlorine.
I was feeling unwell after drinking the tap water.
Unfortunately, if you have consumed the water and feel nauseous, it may be a symptom of excessive chlorine. When ingested in large amounts, chlorine causes stomachaches, vomiting, and diarrhea. If this is the case, go to the nearest hospital or call a physician right away.
Skin becomes dry and irritated after a shower.
Another symptom of overchlorinated water is when your skin feels itchy and dry after a shower. Do you remember the feeling after taking a swim in a pool? If your skin is sensitive, you may experience a chlorine rash that comprises skin tenderness, redness, skin itchiness, lesions, or scaling.
What Can I Do When My Tap Water Smells Like Chlorine?
Collect a sample and get the water tested
If you are getting your water from a private well, it is highly recommended that you conduct routine testing. It will help you determine if the water on your well is overchlorinated. In addition, you can check if your locality's health department tests the water quality. If not, you should collect a water sample and go to a state-certified laboratory.
Ask your neighbors if they have the same experience with their tap water
You must know where the smell of bleach is coming from. If your neighbors have the same situation, there is a big chance that your municipality is conducting shock chlorination or the public water system has injected excessive chlorine. But if you are the only one experiencing this, you must contact someone who can check your water system.
Contact the local water company in your area.
If you have experienced the symptoms mentioned above, you must call the local water company right away. Give them details when you have noticed the smell of bleach in your tap water. Aside from that, ask them to check your water system if you are the only one in your neighborhood who has bleach-odor tap water.
How To Remove Chlorine From Drinking Water?
Cooling the tap water
As a temporary solution, get a pitcher of water and cover it. After that, please put it in the refrigerator and let it chill for a while. Once the odor has dissipated, you can now drink the water. As a warning, don't let the tap water sit on your refrigerator for more than 24 hours. Refill the pitcher and let it chill again.
Boiling the tap water
The temperature of the water helps in the process of dissipation. Applying too much heat to chlorinated water can eliminate the chemical. Instead, boil the water for 20 minutes, put it in a pitcher, and let it cool. You now have water that is safe to drink.
Put tablets of vitamin C into the drinking water.
One natural way to dechlorinate your drinking water is by putting vitamin C tablets into it. This method is used to dechlorinate tubs and pools. Fortunately, you can do the exact process for your tap water. For 3.8 L of water, you will need 40 mg of vitamin C tablets. Once you have put the tablets on the water, let it sit for 24 hours before drinking it.
The reverse osmosis filtration system
The best way to remove chlorine from the drinking water is to use a reverse osmosis filtration system. The Granular Activated Carbon (G.A.C.) filter included in this filtration system can eliminate 98% of chlorine in tap water. It works by trapping and absorbing the chlorine then flushing it down.
Other Water Filters
There are various types of water filters that you can use to remove chlorine from your water – whole house systems, countertop filters, gravity filters, and so on. We made a massive test before, so here you can read our review on the best water filters for chlorine.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it safe to drink water that smells like chlorine?
A small amount of chlorine in the water cannot harm the body. However, excessive chlorine can cause stomachaches, vomiting, and nausea. It is also dangerous to pregnant women since it may lead to congenital abnormalities. A study in Taiwan showed that pregnant women exposed to chlorine are more likely to give birth to babies who have cleft palates, holes in the heart, or lack of brain development.
Is it safe to shower in water that smells like chlorine?
If you have sensitive skin, you may suffer from chlorine rash, especially if excessive chlorine is in the water. However, if you don't have trouble soaking in a chlorinated pool, you will have no problem using water with chlorine for a shower.
Can chlorine in water make you sick?
The average amount of chlorine injected by the public water system cannot make you sick. Therefore, it is safe to drink. However, there are debates that the chemical has long-term effects such as cancer development. The best way is to use a filter system to eliminate chlorine from your drinking water.
Will boiling water remove chlorine?
Yes, boiling water for a full twenty minutes can remove the chlorine. But to avoid inconveniences on your part, using a reverse osmosis filtration system in your home can help you save your time and energy. Also, using this filtration system is more effective than boiling the water since some factors may prevent the complete elimination of chlorine.
Aside from the mandatory disinfection conducted by the public water system, there are other reasons why you tap water that smells like bleach. These are shock chlorination operated by the municipality, reaction of chlorine to biofilms, and chlorine injection caused by the well's water filter.
Fortunately, there are a couple of ways to eliminate this chemical from tap water. You can boil or cool the water for temporary solutions and put in vitamin C tablets. But the best method is installing a reverse osmosis filtration system in your household. If the problem in your water system persists, don't hesitate to contact the water company in your area.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
How well do tall-tower measurements characterize the CO2 mole fraction distribution in the planetary boundary layer?
Abstract. Planetary boundary layer (PBL) CO2 mole fraction data are needed by transport models and carbon budget models as both input and reference for validation. The height of in situ CO2 mole fraction measurements is usually different from that of the model levels where the data are needed; data from short towers, in particular, are difficult to utilize in atmospheric models that do not simulate the surface layer well. Tall-tower CO2 mole fraction measurements observed at heights ranging from 10 to 115 m above ground level at a rural site in Hungary and regular airborne vertical mole fraction profile measurements (136 vertical profiles) above the tower allowed us to estimate how well a tower of a given height could estimate the CO2 mole fraction above the tower in the PBL. The statistical evaluation of the height-dependent bias between the real PBL CO2 mole fraction profile (measured by the aircraft) and the measurement at a given elevation above the ground was performed separately for the summer and winter half years to take into account the different dynamics of the lower troposphere and the different surface CO2 flux in the different seasons. The paper presents (1) how accurately the vertical distribution of CO2 in the PBL can be estimated from the measurements on the top of a tower of height H; (2) how tall of a tower would be needed for the satisfaction of different requirements on the accuracy of the estimation of the CO2 vertical distribution; (3) how accurate of a CO2 vertical distribution estimation can be expected from the existing towers; and (4) how much improvement can be achieved in the accuracy of the estimation of CO2 vertical distribution by applying the virtual tall-tower concept.


Mentoring for knowledge retention and transfer
IMG_1113You want to improve knowledge retention and transfer within your law firm. You may have a strong supervision programme for junior members of staff, but do you need to do more? Would a mentoring programme help?
Firstly, do you really "get" the difference between mentoring, supervision and coaching? They have similar elements, but which is useful for transfer and retention of knowledge?
A supervisor is responsible for overseeing the supervisee's work and ensuring that he/she does their job as expected: mistakes are spotted and corrected, KPIs are met. Supervision is about monitoring.
A mentor is a guide or trusted advisor who interacts with the mentee in order to help them to succeed. Mentors have generally "been there before" and know traps and pitfalls. Mentoring is about relationships and guidance.
Coaching is about asking questions to help someone question their own actions and goals, in order to help them find the solutions they need by themselves. Coaches don't advise, but they tend to be task oriented and often work with people for a limited time, until the task in question is complete. You can use a coaching style in either a supervisory or mentoring relationship.
Once you clarify the difference between the roles, it becomes more apparent how supervision and mentoring can help you with knowledge retention and transfer.
Firstly, ask yourself what kinds of knowledge you need to transfer/retain. The dividing lines aren't as obvious as this suggests, but as a guide…
Supervision is often useful for transfer of:
 - explicit knowledge and some tacit knowledge,
 - declarative and procedural knowledge,
 - embrained, encoded and embedded knowledge.
Mentoring can be particularly useful for:
 - hard-to-reach tacit knowledge,
 - causal and relational knowledge,
 - Deep Smarts (see D Leonard's book),
 - embodied, encultured and embedded knowledge.
Which types of knowledge does your firm struggle with retaining/transferring? When you understand that and understand the differing approaches of supervision and mentoring, it becomes plain whether you should work on improving your supervision process or whether to improve/start a mentoring scheme.
Do you want an occasional (approx monthly) email with updates about my latest blog post and open training events? Sign up here.
Do you struggle a bit with the definition of "knowledge" and what tools and techniques to try? You aren't alone, many KMers in law firms have no formal training in Knowledge Management theory. For this reason, I run a day-long course specifically looking at the basics of legal sector KM in London each January, May and September. More info here.
About knowledge4lawyers
I am a lawyer and a Knowledge Management expert. Through The Knowledge Business I help law firms improve their efficiency and profitability through knowledge services - consultancy, training and implementation help.
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% Create a random symmetric matrix
for i=1:D,
 for j=1:i,
% Iteration with j=0
r0 = rand(D,1);
b0 = sqrt(r0'*r0);
q1 = r0/b0;
a1 = q1'*A*q1
%Iteration with j=1
r1 = A*q1 - a1*q1
b1 = sqrt(r1'*r1)
q2 = r1/b1;
a2 = q2'*A*q2
%Iteration with j=2
b2 = sqrt(r2'*r2)
q3 = r2/b2
a3 = q3'*A*q3
% Create Matrix Q
Q = [q1 q2 q3];
%Check orthogonality
EYE = Q'*Q
T = Q'*A*Q
 - $\begingroup$ I would not claim that Lanczos is a good choice for a "simple program". Please could you state which type of matrices (dense, sparse) and size (small, big) are you going to decompose? $\endgroup$ – Stefano M Jan 21 '13 at 12:41
 - $\begingroup$ It seems to be a small dense matrix when looking in the first lines of his code. $\endgroup$ – vanCompute Jan 21 '13 at 12:51
The Lanczos algorithm can be used to put the matrix into tridiagonal form, but it doesn't actually find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of that tridiagonal matrix. Once you have the matrix in tridiagonal form, the QR algorithm is typically used to find the eigenvalues of the tridiagonal matrix.
Your Answer


text:
This webpage displays some of my results for the Brown University CS 1430: Introduction to Computer Vision Hybrid Images Project. Hybrid images are static images that appear to be two different images wen viewed from far away and close up. In a hybrid image, the high frequencies of one image are blended with the low frequencies of another image. The human eye blurs very high frequencies in order to avoid aliasing of the information. This means that from far away, the eye can only see the low frequencies, whereas in close proximity, the high frequencies dominate the visual allocation of resources in the visual system. This leads to the illusion that there are two different images when you are standing at different distances
I formed the images using a combination of Gaussian and Laplacian pyramids. I first constructed the pyramids for both images by using a Gaussian filter, downsampling the image by 2, and subtracting the Gaussian image from the "original" image at that level of the pyramid in order to obtain the Laplacian image for that level. I iterated through this N times. This resulted in a Gaussian pyramid of size N+1 and a Laplacian pyramid of size N. Then, I started with the smallest (blurriest) of the Gaussian images from the low frequency image on level N. With this image I upsampled, blurred and added the Laplacian of the low frequency image. I repeated these steps until hitting the first cutoff frequency. When I hit the second cutoff frequency, I started adding the Laplacian of the high frequency image. Depending on the cutoff frequencies, this sometimes led to an overlap when two Laplacian pyramids were being added. The combination of these steps resulted in the hybrid image.
|A brown bear in the wild....or is it?|
|President Ruth Simmons!?|
|She has so much love for Brown that sometimes she morphs into a Brown Bear on the weekends when she goes out on the town.|
|(When you look at the large image from a great distance, it looks really cool, but you have to be very far away.)|


file_reader#
kikuchipy.io.plugins.ebsd_directory.file_reader(filename: str | Path, xy_pattern: str | None = None, show_progressbar: bool | None = None, lazy: bool = False) List[Dict][source]#
Read all images in a directory, assuming they are electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns of equal shape and data type.
Not meant to be used directly; use load().
Parameters:
filename
Name of directory with patterns.
xy_pattern
Regular expression to extract map coordinates from the filenames. If not given, two regular expressions will be tried: assuming (x, y) = (5, 10), "_x5y10.tif" or "-5-10.bmp". Valid xy_pattern equal to these are r"_x(\d+)y(\d+).tif" and r"-(\d+)-(\d+).bmp", respectively. If none of these expressions match the first file's name in the directory, a warning is printed and the returned signal will have only one navigation dimension.
show_progressbar
Whether to show a progressbar when reading the signal into memory when lazy=False.
lazy
Read the patterns lazily without actually reading them from disk until required. Default is False.
Returns:
scan
Data, axes, metadata and original metadata.
Warns:
UserWarning
If navigation coordinates can not be read from the filenames.
UserWarning
If there are more detected patterns in the directory than the navigation shape determined from the filenames suggest.
Notes
Adapted from _URL_


text:
Snotr on Twitter
Comments posted by
most popular first
commented 12 years ago on video
The Most Amazing Invention
Amazing what nonsense is commented here.
This can simply not be energy positive. You have to input more energy into the RF transmitter than you get from the flame.
#17: The mentioned temperature of 1500 degrees is not so special: A hydrogen flame in air has a temperature of over 2000 degrees. This is indeed a little higher than a methane flame, but it still produces less energy than a methane flame.
#(removed comment): in an atomic bomb mass is converted into energy releasing large amounts of energy. This is not the case here, and nothing strange happens: A large enough amount of energy is put into the water by the RF waves to break the hydrogen-oxygen bond in water. The reason why it works in salt water and not in pure water is that the impurities in salt water react to the RF waves by generating heat and this heat breaks the H20 molecules into hydrogen and water. Water itself does not do this.
commented 11 years ago on video
using a 2 litre bottle as a 50 watt light bulb
More people have come up with this idea (or were inspired by this story).
Here you can find another movie on the bottle light. This video also explains the reason for the bleach and the cover over the bottlecap:


Lowell Gun Charges Lawyer
Discover lawyers for gun charges serving Lowell, Belmont, and the Greater Boston area
Massachusetts has one of the toughest sets of gun laws in the United States with very harsh mandatory sentences imposed for illegal possession or carrying. Gun laws regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition. Firearm owners must be licensed through their local police department or the Massachusetts State Police if no local licensing authority is available. An applicant must have passed a state approved firearm safety course before applying for a license. A license is required for buying firearms and ammunition and the seller must verify the validity of the license prior to sale.
Typical gun charges involve the possession of a firearm without a valid Firearm Identification (FID) or carrying a firearm without a valid License to Carry (LTC). Alternatively, the accused may be accused of possessing a firearm that is illegal in Massachusetts or may not have the appropriate licensing for the particular weapon. If you have been convicted on gun charges or have any questions you want to ask lawyers for gun charges, please contact me, your Boston and Lowell-area gun charges lawyer for a free consultation.
In order to convict someone of the illegal carrying of a firearm, the Commonwealth must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that:
 1. The defendant possessed a firearm or had a firearm under his or her control in a car;
 2. The weapon met the legal definition of a "firearm;"
 3. The defendant knew he or she possessed the firearm; and
 4. The defendant was outside of his or her residence or place of business.
A firearm is defined as a pistol, revolver or other weapon, loaded or unloaded, from which a shot or bullet can be discharged and the length of whose barrel is less than sixteen inches.
Possession of a firearm is charged when the defendant illegally possessed a gun in his or her home or business. Possession of ammunition is a separate charge. Possession of specific types of firearms, such as a sawed-off shotgun, a gun with a defaced serial number, or a high-capacity firearm, carry enhanced penalties including minimum mandatory state prison sentences. Experienced lawyers for gun charges can help you understand the difference.
"Keren represented me on a gun case where I was acting in self-defense. She not only got the case against me dismissed but helped me get my LTC restored. Every time we would talk it was like a weight got lifted off my shoulders."
License or Expired License
A defense to possessing or carrying an unlicensed firearm is that the accused has a license, and in some cases, an expired license. The police will typically do a Massachusetts license check when they come across someone in possession of a firearm and do not do any further inquiry before charging. In one of my cases, my client was pulled over when traveling from Maine and the police found a shotgun in his trunk. A shotgun does not require an FID in Maine and although Massachusetts guns laws apply to people with guns in Massachusetts, there is a travel exception for someone who is passing through (not stopping for anything beyond food and gas) the state for lawful purposes.
In another case, a client who had been arrested on an unrelated matter faced additional gun charges because when the police executed a search warrant when investigating the first case, and found rifles and shotguns. My client had an expired FID card. The police charged him and the prosecutor indicted him, all unaware that he fell under an exemption to the heavy criminal penalties imposed on people found in possession of firearms without a valid license. A person in possession of rifles or shotguns with an expired FID card, who has never been rejected in an attempt to renew it, only faces a civil fine for those guns. This is another instance where experienced lawyers for gun charges can make a significant difference.
Not a Firearm
Guns need to be operational to qualify as a firearm which means that they need to work. A client was charged with possession of a sawed-off shotgun even though the stock was not only removed – it was missing. In cases where I have reason to believe that the gun is not operational, I hire a certified firearms expert to examine the weapon and watch the police's test-firing of the alleged firearm to make sure that they don't make any repairs to render it operational.
No Possession
In cases where the gun is found in a house, car, or anywhere other than on the accused's body, a defense that the gun was not possessed by the person charged becomes viable. In cases like this, the police will typically find a gun hidden in a nearby location to where the accused has been stopped and the defense is that the gun was not his. In an unusual case, my client's girlfriend went to the police and told the officers that there was a gun stashed in the closet of the house that belonged to him. The police took the gun and charged my client with illegal possession of the gun. Because the police did not fingerprint the gun or otherwise tie the gun to him, it was possible to argue that the gun belonged to someone other than him.
Guns are often seized under chaotic circumstances during encounters with the police and the officers often ignore constitutional protections against illegal searches. As such, guns are routinely subject to suppression from evidence because police illegally searched a person, home or car for a possible firearm.
A large capacity gun found in my client's car was suppressed in the Superior Court because the police improperly pulled my client over for no valid reason. The police alleged that they stopped the car because of excessively tinted windows. Before approaching the car, the officer ran the plate which was registered to a woman and was shown to a warrant. Upon approaching the car he saw my male client sitting in the car and also should have been able to see that the tinted windows had the markings of having been installed by the manufacturer which exempts the car from the tinting law. The judge held that as soon as the officers approached the car and saw a male driver and the window markings, they should have let him go without any further demand for his license. The case was dismissed since the evidence of an illegal firearm was suppressed.
A judge in the Superior Court suppressed guns and several pounds of marijuana after police kicked down the door of an apartment following a report that a man had been beaten up and threatened with a gun. The detective who authored the police report claimed that officers noticed the guns and drugs in plain view as they quickly went through the apartment to make sure that there were no people who posed a threat to them. I demanded the "turret tape" which is a recording of all police communications over the radio and called all 9 officers who responded to the scene. Through their testimony and the recording I was able to establish that the people in the apartment had already been taken outside and arrested long before the police found the guns during an illegal warrantless search. The case was dismissed since the evidence had been suppressed.
If you have been charged with a gun offense, you need a lawyer who knows the gun laws and has expertise in suppression matters. I have repeatedly lectured on illegal searches during police encounters and have a proven track record of winning suppression motions. I can bring that knowledge and experience to your case. Contact me today for a free consultation.


text:
San Francisco Bay PCBs TMDL Project
In 1994, California issued a sport fish consumption advisory cautioning people to limit their consumption of fish caught in San Francisco Bay. The advisory, updated in 2011, was issued because of concerns about high levels of several pollutants in San Francisco Bay fish. Some of the more serious of these pollutants are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs were manufactured in the United States and widely used from the late 1920s through the 1970s. They are of particular concern because they are toxic, persist in the environment, and accumulate in the tissue of fish, wildlife and humans.
For more, click on our fact sheet:Cleaning up PCBs in San Francisco Bay, June 2012 (PDF file).
TMDL Approved by USEPA
On March 29, 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency approved a Basin Plan amendment incorporating a TMDL for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in San Francisco Bay and an implementation plan to achieve the TMDL. The Water Board is now implementing the TMDL on the variety of fronts described below.
The San Francisco Bay PCB TMDL was considered and adopted by the Regional Water Quality Control Board (Water Board) at hearings on September 17, 2007 and February 13, 2008. It was adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board on October 20, 2009.
- The TMDL is set forth in this Basin Plan section.
- The TMDL was adopted by the Water Board in Resolution R2-2008-0012
- Supporting documentation is contained in the Final Staff Report (pdf, 5MB)
- February 13, 2008 Water Board Meeting Minutes, Item 8 (adoption of the TMDL)
- Transcript from the September 17, 2007, Water Board meeting (consideration of the TMDL)
- The TMDL was adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board in Resolution R2-2009-0076
The implementation plan includes actions for municipal wastewater treatment plants and industries that discharge wastewater to the Bay, and for municipal stormwater agencies. This section summarizes how key implementation actions are carried out.
Watershed Permit – Discharge permit for municipal and industrial wastewater sources of PCBs
The Watershed Permit requires both municipal wastewater and industrial wastewater dischargers to take certain actions to reduce PCB discharges to the San Francisco Bay. Adopted on March 9, 2011 (Order No. R2-2011-0012, hearing materials, see Item 6), it amended the NPDES permit adopted by the Water Board in 2007 to implement the mercury TMDL. Some of the Watershed Permit's requirements are: identify and manage controllable sources of PCBs; use best management practices to maintain optimum performance for solids removal; use updated analytical methods to test for PCBs; and undertake a program to reduce the health risks for people who eat San Francisco Bay fish contaminated with PCBs and mercury.
Municipal Regional Permit – Permit for municipal stormwater sources of PCBs
The NPDES Municipal Regional Permit (see Provision C.12), adopted October 14, 2009, requires municipalities in Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties and the cities of Fairfield-Suisun and Vallejo (Pemittees) to reduce controllable sources of PCBs that can be mobilized by stormwater runoff and transported to receiving waters. The Permit takes a phased approach by requiring several pilot-scale projects, which will be evaluated for effectiveness in reducing loads of PCBs. These include:
- Evaluate managing PCBs in construction materials, such as caulk, that can be released to the environment during demolition and renovation. Click here for the project page.
- Identify and abate areas with high PCB concentrations.
- Evaluate enhanced sediment removal and management practices for stormwater conveyances, such as city street sweeping, pump station cleaning.
- Evaluate on-site stormwater treatment retrofits,
- Evaluate diversion of dry weather flows and first flush runoff for treatment (e.g. at a wastewater treatment plant).
Click here for a summary of these five projects.
Also, Permittees are developing a comprehensive monitoring program with fixed stations at the bottom of several key watersheds that will be monitored several times per year. The data will be used to estimate loads of PCBs and other contaminants from local tributaries and stormwater conveyances and to track these loads over time.
Finally, Permittees are required to undertake a program to reduce the health risks of people who eat PCBsand mercury-contaminated San Francisco Bay fish; this project is described below. You can access reports submitted each year under the Municipal Regional Permit by clicking here.
Fish Consumption Risk Reduction Activities
Both the Watershed Permit and Municipal Regional Permit require dischargers to undertake a program to reduce the public health impacts of exposure to PCBs and mercury in San Francisco Bay fish. The dischargers are jointly funding the California Department of Public Health to lead efforts to engage stakeholders, such as local agencies, tribes, and community groups, in improving communication to the public about how to reduce their exposure to PCBs and mercury from consuming SF Bay fish. Further information can be found here: San Francisco Bay Fish Project.
Ongoing Monitoring of Fish and the Bay
To track progress on how PCB concentrations in the Bay and its fish are changing over time, the Regional Monitoring Program (RMP) measures PCBs (and many other contaminants) in water, sediment, and fish tissue collected at several locations around the Bay each year. You can view and download these data for yourself using their versatile web query tool.
The RMP has monitored contaminants in prey fish (small fish consumed by birds or larger fish) for several years, because these small prey fish, which tend to stay in localized areas, provide useful information on the spatial and temporal patterns of contamination in the Bay. Moreover, these prey fish are consumed by many birds and larger fish, so they provide an early warning for contamination higher in the food web. Small fish monitoring data and interpretation are contained in a summary report.
Since 1994, the RMP has also been monitoring the concentrations of PCBs and other contaminants in sport fish, which are commonly consumed by humans. A recent report comparing the concentrations of contaminants in sport fish caught in the Bay to those caught offshore is also available. The figure below shows how PCBs concentrations in sport fish change through time in different parts of the Bay and how these concentrations compare to the 10 parts per billion fish tissue target from the TMDL.
Health Information, Fish Consumption Advisories, and Outreach to Consumers of SF Bay Fish
- PCBs Toxicological Profile for PCBs (ATSDR)
- Guide to Eating San Francisco Bay Fish & Shellfish (CA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment)
- Full report describing the San Francisco Bay advisory and safe eating guidelines OEHHA May 2011
- Non-technical fact sheet for San Francisco Bay fish and shellfish OEHHA May 2011
- San Francisco Bay Fish Project – Outreach Project
Information about PCBs in Caulk
Proposition 13 Grant-Funded Studies: Urban Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs)
This project's goal was to assist municipalities in implementing the San Francisco Bay mercury and PCB TMDLs through the development of specific information on drainage systems, sediment loads, distribution of mercury and PCB contamination, urban runoff loads, and BMP function in relation to trapping or removing mercury and PCBs. Click here for the project web site.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
For more information contact:
Water Resource Control Engineer
San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board
1515 Clay St., Suite 1400
Phone: _PHONE_
Fax: _PHONE_


text:
Mirrors are used in many situations in people's lives for different purposes. The mirrors can be concave, convex or plane. The property of the reflection of light and electromagnetic waves is used to serve some purpose, in daily life or in scientific or engineering, or medical uses.
1. Daily used in our dressing room, bathroom. Without mirrors we would not be able to get ready nicely by ourselves. We check the good fitting of our clothing.
2. Mirrors are used in cameras and telescopes.
3. Mirrors are used in street corners for getting a view on the other side of a bent road.
4. Mirrors are used in supermarkets for checking on the customers.
5. Mirror like glasses are used as window panes for many buildings to reflect light and heat.
6. Mirrors are used within scientific instruments to be able to measure deflections, to view changes in the interior parts.
7. Mirrors are used by dentists to view inside the mouth.


Quitting Smoking Before a Spinal Fusion
An extensive amount of research has firmly established that cigarette smoking is bad for patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery. But just how bad is smoking? How does it impact a spinal fusion? What do I need to know to help my chances of successfully quitting smoking? This article addresses those questions and more.
Back Surgery Problems Related to Smoking
Smoking causes a number of significant problems for patients undergoing spinal fusion including the following:
 - A significantly decreased rate of successful fusion (called non-union or pseudoarthroses)
 - Markedly poorer clinical outcomes (i.e. pain reduction) regardless of whether or not a successful fusion in the spine is achieved
 - Poorer functional rehabilitation after surgery
 - Lower overall patient satisfaction with the spine surgery
Given these findings, quitting smoking prior to a spinal fusion (and remaining a non-smoker) can greatly enhance a patient's chances for achieving pain reduction and a successful clinical outcome.
Article continues below
Importantly, the information presented in this article applies not just to cigarette smoking but to all forms of nicotine and any product that introduces nicotine into one's system, such as:
 - Chewing tobacco
 - Cigars
 - Pipes
 - Nicotine patches
 - Nicotine gum
Benefits of Quitting Smoking Before Spinal Fusion
Philosophically, it is perfectly reasonable for a surgeon to not agree to do a fusion surgery until after a patient has quit smoking. Unlike many surgeries, fusion surgeries are not usually medically necessary - having the surgery is the patient's choice. And it is an extensive surgery that requires a lot of healing.
It is reasonable to ensure that the patient is in the best healing position possible prior to proceeding with surgery. Accordingly, many spine surgeons will require their patients to have a urine test prior to a spinal fusion to ensure that there is no nicotine in their system and they have indeed quit smoking.
All of the research and clinical findings presented in this article underscore the importance of quitting smoking prior to a spine fusion and avoiding smoking post-operatively. In addition, the research shows that:
 - If you smoke up until the time of surgery you are very unlikely to quit after surgery. It is best to quit at least one month prior to surgery.
 - The more you smoke before surgery, the harder it will be to maintain abstinence post-operatively
 - The longer you are abstinent from smoking before surgery, the more likely you will stay abstinent after surgery
Regardless of technical advances to achieve a solid fusion in smokers, the best overall outcomes, notably pain relief, are achieved in non-smokers and smokers who successfully quit smoking.
Understanding these findings can help you and your surgeon develop a treatment plan that has the highest likelihood of helping you quit smoking and having a successful spine fusion surgery outcome that includes a solid fusion as well as greater pain reduction and satisfaction with the surgery.
Pages:


Each Question instance is initialized with the question text, answer ID and answer set. There is another class named QuestionManager. This class helps us get the answer text and also check if an answer is correct.
Now go back to InterfaceController and add the following just beneath the class declaration:
var counter = 0
let questionManager = QuestionManager()
var questions = [
 Question(questionText: "What is the capital of Arizona?",
 answerId: 0,
 answers:[0:"Phoenix",1:"Flagstaff"]),
 Question(questionText: "What year was the American Revolution?",
 answerId: 1,
 answers:[0:"1778",1:"1776"])
]
The above code creates an instance of the QuestionManager class and sets up two questions, which are added to an array. Given the question array and how we used NSUserDefaults in association with app groups, you can see how this array coming from the iOS app.
The following method is added to InterfaceController and helps advance to the next question:
func setupNextQuestion(){
 questionLabel.setText(questions[counter].questionText)
 let answerText = questionManager.getAnswerText(questions, answerId: 0, questionId: counter)
 buttonA.setTitle(answerText)
 buttonA.setBackgroundColor(UIColor.blackColor())
 let answerText2 = questionManager.getAnswerText(questions, answerId: 1, questionId: counter)
 buttonB.setTitle(answerText2)
 buttonB.setBackgroundColor(UIColor.blackColor())
}
Button backgrounds are always reset to black in case a wrong answer was selected, which causes the background to change to red.
Now create IBActions for the two buttons. Control click and drag each button to InterfaceController.swift, which should be open in the Assistant Editor. Select IBAction and provide the following names. There should also be the same functions once the actions are created.
@IBAction func buttonA_click() {}
@IBAction func buttonB_click() {}
Modify the above functions so they look like this:
@IBAction func buttonA_click() {
 if(questionManager.checkAnswer(questions,answerId: 0,questionId: counter)){
 counter++
 if(counter < questions.count){
 setupNextQuestion()
 }
 }
 else {
 buttonA.setBackgroundColor(UIColor.redColor())
 }
}
@IBAction func buttonB_click() {
 if(questionManager.checkAnswer(questions,answerId: 1,questionId: counter)){
 counter++
 if(counter < questions.count){
 setupNextQuestion()
 }
 }
 else {
 buttonB.setBackgroundColor(UIColor.redColor())
 }
}
When a button is pressed, check if the correct answer has been selected. If it has, move to the next button. Otherwise, change the button background color to red and do not advance to the next question.
That should complete our watch app. To run it, go to the same menu used for glance and notification, but this time select the Watchkit App. The app will start in the Watch simulator. Select the correct answer and move to question 2. If the wrong answer is selected, the button background should change to red and stay on the answer until the correct button is pushed.
The final code for the tutorial can be found on GitHub, but make sure you change the App Group settings to your own before running.
Conclusion
In this tutorial we saw how to extend an existing iOS app and move data from the iOS app into a Watchkit Extension. We built functionality into the watch app to handle quizzes. We learnt how to start a glance, notification or watch app in Xcode with little effort.
With more exploration of the interface storyboard, you'll see there's a lot more you can do with the watch app to brand it similar to your iOS app. There's lots of functionality that can be built into watch apps. This article provides a great starting point. As always, I'm keen to hear your throughs and experiences.
Sponsors


text:
A deep cooking pan, typically round, made of metal, and with one long handle and a lid.
More example sentences
- Remove plastic and wooden handles from frying pans and saucepans.
- Pots, saucepans, and other cooking implements were mostly cast from bronze.
- Strain the cooking juices into a saucepan and boil to reduce by half.
- More example sentences
- I can't end without mentioning the yoghurt - a wonderful fresh saucepanful, made every morning, to which we helped ourselves and then topped perhaps with wild strawberry jam or another variety of honey.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Decode School
Print all the numbers which are less than given key element from a given list.
Python Program to get an element and print the elements of list which is lesss than the element.
Sample Input 1:
5 5 7 9 3 1 4
Sample Output 1:
3 1
Sample Input 2:
5 5 7 9 3 1 8
Sample Output 2:
5 7 3 1
Program or Solution
l=list(map(int,input("Enter array elements:").split(" ")))
e=int(input("Enter a number:"))
for i in range(0,len(l)):
 print(l[i],end=" ")
Program Explanation
Input: To get list of numbers seprated by space, use split(" ") method.
Split() method splits the numbers as seprate elements.
By default this methods are considered as string, since input() method returs string. Use map() function to convert all elements as integer and store it in list.
Process: using for loop visit each location sequentially from 1 to len(l)-1. if the value located in a postion is lesser than the element given by user, then print the value using print statement.


1. Improving livelihoods
Through mobilising parents into functional and productive group/individual units, we seek to empower parents with skills, knowledge and working capital to engage in practical and sustainable service delivery projects, through which they can gain empowerment to address their socio-economic needs.
We build the skills, knowledge and capacity of parents through vocational skills engagement to engage in participative processes of needs assessment, drawing up and implementing sustainable strategies to enable them to overcome conditions of poverty.
These approaches involve the implementation of various income generating activities/projects (IGA) at either individual or group-level for the beneficiary parents. We have set up 2 groups so far and started a village savings and loans association group (VSLA) sitting once a week to save while others are repaying the group loan.
2. Advocacy and Lobbying change-makers on issues that affect parents of children with disability negatively in their communities
In many societies in Uganda, parents of special needs children are marginalised because of their status. This marginalisation extends beyond simple stigma.
It involves being denied their constitutional rights; such as the right to ownership of matrimonial property in cases of spouse death or separation, the right to custody of their other mainstream children, the right to be heard and participate in their local community policy making.
As a result, parents of special needs children -especially womenare sidelined during such important processes of decision making and their chances of being heard and issues that affect them negatively recognised and acted upon, is made slim.
SCSP provides support and information to such parents with the aim of empowering them and enabling them to express their needs and choices.
By educating them, SCSP seeks to empower them to carry out advocacy and lobbying through the various chains of government, faith groups, and the general public so as to effect positive change in their favour.


text:
Barratt, Elizabeth, Bronowska, Agnieszka, Vondrášek, Jiří, Černý, Jiří, Bingham, Richard, Phillips, Simon and Homans, Steve W. (2006) Thermodynamic Penalty Arising from Burial of a Ligand Polar Group Within a Hydrophobic Pocket of a Protein Receptor. Journal of Molecular Biology, 362 (5). pp. _PHONE_. ISSN 00222836Metadata only available from this repository.
Here, we examine the thermodynamic penalty arising from burial of a polar group in a hydrophobic pocket that forms part of the binding-site of the major urinary protein (MUP-I). X-ray crystal structures of the complexes of octanol, nonanol and 1,8 octan-diol indicate that these ligands bind with similar orientations in the binding pocket. Each complex is characterised by a bridging water molecule between the hydroxyl group of Tyr120 and the hydroxyl group of each ligand. The additional hydroxyl group of 1,8 octan-diol is thereby forced to reside in a hydrophobic pocket, and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments indicate that this is accompanied by a standard free energy penalty of + 21 kJ/mol with respect to octanol and + 18 kJ/mol with respect to nonanol. Consideration of the solvation thermodynamics of each ligand enables the "intrinsic" (solute–solute) interaction energy to be determined, which indicates a favourable enthalpic component and an entropic component that is small or zero. These data indicate that the thermodynamic penalty to binding derived from the unfavourable desolvation of 1,8 octan-diol is partially offset by a favourable intrinsic contribution. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that this latter contribution derives from favourable solute–solute dispersion interactions.
|Subjects:||Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology|
|Schools:||School of Applied Sciences|
|Depositing User:||Graham Stone|
|Date Deposited:||09 Oct 2009 08:55|
|Last Modified:||09 Oct 2009 08:55|
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LINGUIST List 11.1305
Sat Jun 10 2000
Qs: Thetic/Categorical Sentences, Wh-Interrogatives
Editor for this issue: Karen Milligan <>
 1. Johannes Reese, Argument for keeping apart thetic and categorial utterance
 2. Carsten Breul, Rizzi's account of wh-interrogatives
Message 1: Argument for keeping apart thetic and categorial utterance
Date: Fri, 09 Jun 2000 11:37:31 +0200
From: Johannes Reese <>
Subject: Argument for keeping apart thetic and categorial utterance
Hi, is there anyone who can give arguments for differentiating between
thetic and categorial sentences besides their word order in languages
other than English? The distinction has been so intuitively clear to me
that I never thought of it; but now I am teaching people who don't
"feel" the difference.
Johannes Reese
Message 2: Rizzi's account of wh-interrogatives
Date: Fri, 9 Jun 2000 11:02:55 +0200
From: Carsten Breul <>
Subject: Rizzi's account of wh-interrogatives
Dear all
Rizzi (1996: 69) accounts for the ungrammaticality of
sentences like
(1) *Who Mary loves?
in the following way: In the underlying structure (2)
(2) Who C [Mary Infl loves t]
C and I are contra-indexed so that there is no chain
relation between C, I and the inflected verb. Consequently,
the [+wh] feature on _loves_ is not chain-connected to C,
and the wh-criterion, which requires a spec-head relation
between _who_ and a chain having [+wh], cannot be
I assume that the existence of sentences parallel to (1) in
colloquial French,.e.g.
(3) Qui tu as rencontr�? (see Haegeman & Gu�ron 1999: 173)
does not provide a counter argument to Rizzi's suggestion.
The principal line of reasoning could be that it is
generally assumed that in French, in contrast to English,
the inflected verb is in Infl before Spell-out/at S-
structure, and that the relation between the inflected verb
in Infl and C is sufficiently local to satisfy the whRizzi's theory can be tested, it is empirically
falsifiable. And precisely this is my question.
Do you know of any languages which are like English (and
different from French) in that checking of the Infl
features happens after Spell-out/S-structure (i.e.
covertly), but which nevertheless have interrogatives with
an initial wh-phrase preceding a subject?
I.e.: 'Subject-Aux order' should be replaced by 'preceding
a subject'.
According to Barber (1993: 252), Indian English allows for
sentences like
(4) Who you have come to see?
This may be a case in point if Indian English is like
Standard British/American English with respect to the
location of its inflected verbs at Spell-out/S-structure.
Can anyone say more about this?
Barber, Charles. 1993. The English language: a historical
introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haegeman, Liliane & Gu�ron, Jacqueline. 1999. English
Grammar: A Generative Perspective. Oxford & Malden (MA):
Rizzi, Luigi. 1996. "Residual Verb Second and the WhCriterion". In: Belletti, Adriana & Rizzi, Luigi (eds.).
Parameters and Functional Heads: Essays in Comparative
Syntax. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. 63-90.
Best regards,
Carsten Breul
Dr. Carsten Breul
Universitaet Duisburg
FB 3; Anglistik
47048 Duisburg


text:
Monographs, Technical Reports, & Books
Educational Needs Assessment Study for DNR Department of ForestryA 2002 study was led by Chris Beimborn, CMSER staff member, on behalf of the Wisconsin DNR Division of Forestry. The purpose of the study was to examine the needs of the educational community for a proposed Forestry Awareness and Education Center on the Milwaukee County Grounds. Several collaborators from the education community as well as staff from many local field trip providers contributed to this report.
The research analyzed a wide range of topics, including building needs; statistics about the targeted audience; input from over 200 learning coordinators, science teachers, and district administrators; a directory of other Southeastern Wisconsin field trip providers and locales; and models from existing field trip providers.
The finished report is included below, titled Barking Up the Right Tree: An Educational Needs Assessment for the Forestry Education and Awareness Center. If you are interested in viewing a hard copy of the report or have specific questions regarding the study, contact the CMSER.
NOTE: In order to view and print this form, you must have Acrobat Reader 6.0. To download a free version of this program,click here.
| 6.96MB ||Needs Assessment Report |


Take the 2-minute tour ×
If we fix a locally profinite group $G$, we note $R(G)$ the category of smooth representations of $G$, $\mathcal{E}$ the set of equivalence classes of $R(G)$, and finaly $Irr(G)$ the set of irreducible equivalence calasses. I recall that the theorem of Cantor-Bernstein says : If $E$ and $F$ two sets. If there is an injection from $E$ to $F$ and an injection from $F$ to $E$, then there is a bijection between $E$ and $F$. This enables us to define an ordering relation in the set of equipotence classes of sets : If $E$ and $F$ two sets, we note $E\leq F$ if $E$ injects in $F$.
Similarly, we define a relation $\leq$ in $\mathcal{E}$, but in general is not an ordering relation, I think that is an ordering relation if $R(G)$ is semisimple (for example, for compact locally profinite group).
If $L$ a non empty subset of $Irr(G)$, we define a $L$-minimal representation as a smooth representation $\pi$ of $G$ such that :
1) For every $\sigma\in L$, $\sigma \leq \pi$.
2) For every $\tau \in R(G)$, if $\sigma\leq\tau$ for every $\sigma\in L$, then $\pi\leq\tau$.
I ask the following questions:
Q1) An $L$-minimal representation exits?
Q2) unicity?
Q3) If $\pi$ an $L$-minimal (if there exist) representation, $dim\mathbf{Hom}_{G}(\sigma,\pi)$, where $\sigma\in L$, is minimal?
I'm interested of this question for the set $L_{k}$ of equivalence classes of irreducible supercuspidal representation of $PGL(n,F)$ with conductor=$k$.
share|improve this question
I am not sure what $L_k$ is. So can you please give a definition. I would expect this to be a finite set, so why can you not take $\pi$ as the direct sum of $\sigma$'s? – Marc Palm Feb 27 '12 at 15:36
I mean $L_k$ is finite, since I guess you induce $GL(n, o / \p^k)$ reps there or something similar, which has only finitely many isos of reps anyway. – Marc Palm Feb 27 '12 at 15:39
How do you define your relation $\leq$? – Joël Feb 27 '12 at 18:36
I defined the set $L_{k}$ as follows : If $\pi$ is a generic irreducible representation of $GL(n,F)$, the theorem of Jaquet & Piateski-Chapiro & Shalika says : there is a positive integer $k$ such that the representation $\pi$ admits a non zero vector fixed by the compact open subgroup $\Gamma_{k}$ defined by : – Rajkarov Feb 28 '12 at 4:50
$$\Gamma_{k}=\left(\begin{array}{cccc|c} \mathcal{O}_{F}^{\times}&\mathcal{O}_{F}&\cdots&\mathcal{O}_{F}&\mathcal{O}_{F}{}\\ \mathcal{O}_{F}&\ddots&\ddots&\vdots&\vdots\\ \vdots&{}&\ddots&\mathcal{O}_{F}&\vdots{}\\ \mathcal{O}_{F}&\cdots&\mathcal{O}_{F}&\mathcal{O}_{F}^{\times}&\mathcal{O}_{F}{}\\ \hline \mathcal{P}_{F}^{k}& \cdots & \cdots &\mathcal{P}_{F}^{k}&\mathcal{O}_{F}^{\times}\\ \end{array}\right)$$ – Rajkarov Feb 28 '12 at 4:53
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Here are some observations, too long for a comment:
1) Note that cuspidal irreducible representation are compactly induced
$\sigma = c-ind_K^G \tau = Ind_K^G \tau$
2) You have the second adjointness theorem (proposition on pg. 20 Bushnell-Henniart "Local Langlands for GL(2)".)
$Hom_G( c-ind_K^G \tau, \pi) = Hom_K( \tau, Res_K \pi)$
3) Silberger PGL(2) over the $p$ adics assect that $Res_K \pi$ is essentially $Ind_{B(o)}^{GL(2, o)} 1$ except for a finite dimensional part. I expect this to be true for $GL(n)$.
Hence classify the $\tau$ needed for $L_k$ ( I am not sure what your definition is here). $Res_K \pi$ has been described for cuspidal $\pi$ (Bushnell-Kutzko).
In fact, I think that the supercuspidal representation form a semisimple category, so there the question might really reduce to something trivial, very much like for profinite groups. (profinite groups are actually exactly the compact locally profinite groups;)
share|improve this answer
Your group has compact center (in fact trivial center). So supercuspidal representation indeed form a semi-simple category, as pm said (see _URL_ pg. 22-25, 36).
Your Set $L_k$ is finite set of irreducible representations. So the representation that you are looking for is the direct sum of all the representations in $L_k$
share|improve this answer
More precisely, this comes from the fact that (since the center is compact) supercuspidal representations are projective and injective objects of the category of smooth representations. – Paul Broussous Feb 28 '12 at 7:55
Your Answer


text:
Assume 14 < n < 30. Make boxes labelled 16-n to 30-n. Let Si be the set of the first i elements. Let si be the sum of the elements of Si. If si is less than or equal to 30-n, put Si in the box labelled si. Otherwise, put it in the box labelled si-n. There are 15 boxes, and 16 subsets, so at least one box has two subsets. Clearly, a box with two subsets must have one, say Si, with si = the box label, and one subset Sj with sj-n = the box label, with Sj containing Si, obviously. So Sj - Si is a subset whose elements have sum n. The complement of this set with respect to the full set of 16 elements has sum 30-n.
You can probably express the above in 4 lines if you're especially terse.


_USER_{, title={Design and Implementation of Microcontroller Based Portable Drug Delivery System}, author={Mohammed Sabah Jarjees}, journal={Engineering and Technology Journal مجلة الهندسة والتكنولوجيا}, volume={29}, number={12}, pages={2580-2588}, year={2011}, abstract={Portable drug delivery system or portable syringe pump system is a small infusion pump used to gradually deliver drugs, at low doses and at a constant or controllable rate of drug to a patient who needs to take a drug dose regularly in specific periods all the day. The aim of this research is to design and perform a prototype of a portable drug delivery system controlled by micro controller. The micro controller will control the dose of liquid or medication which will be given to the patient and the time of repetition of the dose. The dose rate will be adjusted by controlling the operation of stepper motor which will drive the syringe pump through fine mechanism set.
} }


text:
- To teach people that people who are homeless are just like you and me. They just need us to love them and care for them.
- To teach everyone to treat people who are homeless like family because if you do that you will love them in all the right ways and you will treat them in all the right ways and care for them in all the rights ways.
- To teach people that no one should ever eat from a garbage can or live without a bed or a home and let them know that there are people that have to because they have no choice.
- To ask every person who will listen to help however they can to make life for people who are homeless better.
- To teach people that everyone can make a difference in the lives of others.


1st Edition
The Lived Experiences of Muslims in Europe
Recognition, Power and Intersubjective Dilemmas
ISBN 9780367777098
Published April 1, 2021 by Routledge
218 Pages
USD $48.95
Prices & shipping based on shipping country
Book Description
This book unearths new knowledge and challenges existing paradigms in relation to the integration of minority communities. It comprehensively reflects upon the complexity of recognition experiences and integration challenges faced by Muslim individuals and groups in Europe. By focusing on universal recognition themes related to experiences within personal relationships, legal relations, religion and civil society, it makes an essential contribution to a deeper understanding of Muslim life in the West. It offers a reconsideration of everyday lives of Muslims in Europe by drawing on the paradigm of recognition. Exploring universal themes, it demonstrates the complexity of recognitive relations by examining how Muslim individuals perceive the ways they are recognised, or misrecognised, within various spheres of everyday interaction. It sheds light on the ways in which forms of recognition affect identity formation and social relations more generally, and the broader ramifications that arise from such forms of misrecognition. This book draws on Honneth's critical social theory of recognition to frame a range of grassroots interviews and focused discussion groups. Grounded in qualitative research and with an emancipatory intent, The Lived Experiences of Muslims in Europe challenges both the assumption that minority groups simply seek to have their particular culture and associated beliefs endorsed by a majority, and the security paradigm that narrowly views Muslims in Europe through the lens of political extremism.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 2. Muslims in Europe: Divergent Perspectives 3. Recognition and Power 4. Societal Relations 5. Spiritual Relations 6. Intergenerational Relations 7. Resolving Recognitive-Power Dilemmas 8. Conclusion
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Des Delaney is Postdoctoral Researcher at Dublin City University (DCU), Ireland, where he completed his doctorate on the subject of recognition at the School of Law and Government. His research interests are the synthesis of philosophy and empirical sociology, particularly in relation to recognition, power, social struggle, and integration issues.


Parallel Reasoning Strategies: Part I
Speak OutParallel Reasoning questions on the Critical Reasoning section of the GMAT are a type of "method of reasoning" question-type. These questions require you to focus on the author's logic. Parallel reasoning questions ask you to look for the answer choice that has the closest logical structure as the argument in the question stem. Ask yourself: which choice best matches the WAY the author moves from the evidence to his conclusion?
How can I tell if I'm looking at a "Parallel Reasoning" question? The question-stem will contain an argument, and the question itself will contain phrases like "method of reasoning," "parallel reasoning," "most similar," "similar reasoning," or "most closely parallel." You'll also see that each answer choice is its own argument, as opposed to an assumption, inference, or flaw.
Let's look at a simple example!
Argument #1: If someone has blonde hair, then they have blue eyes. My father has blonde hair, therefore my father has blue eyes.
The reasoning here is presented as a conditional A -> B, "blonde hair" means "blue eyes." This reasoning is then used to make a conclusion, using the exact same pattern: A -> B. Here's an example of a simple argument that uses parallel reasoning to Argument #1:
Argument #2: The best internet cafes have free wifi. All cafes with free wifi serve unlimited coffee. Therefore, the best internet cafes serve unlimited coffee.
It's the same reasoning because the logic moves in the same direction from A -> B, going from "wifi" to "coffee," then "best cafes" to "wifi." Don't worry that this argument is not arranged in exactly the same order as Argument #1, it's the method of reasoning that must be similar. A correct answer choice can be a little bit different from the question-stem. It's the LOGIC that counts!
Watch out for…
 - Answer choices that merely mimic the topic of the argument. The correct answer's argument usually focuses on an entirely different topic. It's not what is being discussed that matters, but how the reasoning is laid out.
 - Answer choices that have the same structure as the question-stem argument, but do not have the same logic! Just because an answer choice contains similar keywords, or has a similar number of sentences, doesn't mean its logic matches! The premises and conclusion can be rearranged, but the logic of an argument doesn't change.
 - Pacing! These question-types typically take longer than strengthen or weaken CR, because you have 6 arguments to break down, as opposed to 1 (whew!). Practice untimed at first, but as you gain more confident with this question-type, set a timer and try to do them in under 3 minutes, then under 2 minutes.
Look out for Part 2 of this series, where we'll look at what strategies we can use to break down Parallel Reasoning questions quickly and effectively, and get them correct every time.
Leave a Reply


text:
|Better Farming Series 21. Wet Paddy or Swamp Rice (FAO, 1977, 40 p.)|
|How to get good yields|
7. Dams are small barriers across the stream. Dams hold up the water, so that the water of the stream rises. In this way, the water of the stream overflows into the lowlying land.
It is best to have concrete dams.
They cost more, but they last longer.
The good harvests of the following years will pay for the dams.
The technician will tell you where to build your dams.
8. When the dam is built, dig irrigation channels around the edges of the field.
These are called main Irrigation channels. Dig also, right through the middle of the field, the main drain.
The water flow starts from the dam.
It goes into the main irrigation channels.
It floods the rice field.
It goes out of the rice field into the main drain, which is the channel for the outflow of the water.


A sparse version of the ridge logistic regression for large-scale text categorization
Sujeevan Aseervatham 1 Anestis Antoniadis 2 Éric Gaussier 3, * Michel Burlet 4 Yves Denneulin 5
* Auteur correspondant
2 SAM - Statistique Apprentissage Machine
LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann
4 G-SCOP_OC - OC
G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production
5 MESCAL - Middleware efficiently scalable
Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, LIG - Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble
Abstract : The ridge logistic regression has successfully been used in text categorization problems and it has been shown to reach the same performance as the Support Vector Machine but with the main advantage of computing a probability value rather than a score. However, the dense solution of the ridge makes its use unpractical for large scale categorization. On the other side, LASSO regularization is able to produce sparse solutions but its performance is dominated by the ridge when the number of features is larger than the number of observations and/or when the features are highly correlated. In this paper, we propose a new model selection method which tries to approach the ridge solution by a sparse solution. The method first computes the ridge solution and then performs feature selection. The experimental evaluations show that our method gives a solution which is a good trade-off between the ridge and LASSO solutions.
Type de document :
Article dans une revue
Pattern Recognition Letters, Elsevier, 2011, 32 (2), pp.101-106. 〈10.1016/j.patrec.2010.09.023〉
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Soumis le : lundi 15 octobre 2012 - 18:21:33
Dernière modification le : jeudi 11 octobre 2018 - 08:48:04
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Sujeevan Aseervatham, Anestis Antoniadis, Éric Gaussier, Michel Burlet, Yves Denneulin. A sparse version of the ridge logistic regression for large-scale text categorization. Pattern Recognition Letters, Elsevier, 2011, 32 (2), pp.101-106. 〈10.1016/j.patrec.2010.09.023〉. 〈hal-00633629〉
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text:
2005 HSR&D National Meeting Abstract
3001 — Enhancing Performance Monitoring: What Can We Learn from Physician Explanations of Poor Care?
Hogan MM (VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System)
Kerr EA (VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System)
Hofer TP (VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System)
Hayward RA (VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System)
Asch SM (Greater LA Healthcare System)
Standard performance monitoring in VA and managed care relies on explicit assessments using a guideline-based checklist approach for a limited number of conditions and measures. Using physician structured implicit review (SIR) we compared physician's explanations for poor care with three explicit performance measurement systems to identify areas where explicit performance monitoring can be enhanced.
We sampled 621 veterans with at least two visits in each of two years in two VHA regions, oversampling for diabetes and COPD. The sample was 97% male with a mean age of 62. Twelve physicians reviewed medical records used an SIR instrument and explained poor care ratings. Poor care explanations were matched to indicators in three explicit systems; QA Tools, with 30 conditions and over 400 indicators, VA External Peer Review Program (EPRP) and the Health Plan Data and Information Set (HEDIS), each with fewer conditions and indicators.
Overall, 54% of the 2480 explanations matched indicators in any of the explicit systems. Matches varied by explicit system (QA Tools, 49.9%, EPRP, 39%, HEDIS, 13.6%) and by condition (prevention, 82.8%; diabetes, 59.2%; hypertension, 41.9%; COPD, 37.3%; other chronic conditions 28.5%). We further examined matching and non-matching explanations. For example, for diabetes there were 239 explanations of poor care that matched physician explanations, and 75% (179) were accounted for by four commonly measured items: renal evaluation (N=46), foot exams (N=46), eye exams (N=45), and A1c monitoring (N=42). Among non-matching diabetes explanations (N=165), the most common were failure to change medications in response to the patient's condition (e.g., elevated A1c) (24%, N=40), failure to work up abnormal test results (15%, N=24), and other ongoing assessment (13%, N=22).
Explanations were more likely to match explicit indicators for conditions with good evidence and commonly used standards, e.g., prevention and diabetes. Explanations for poor care were frequently not covered in any of three explicit measurement systems.
Explicit performance monitoring has the advantages of being readily understood and informing health systems about specific areas for quality improvement. Implicit reviews offer opportunities to identify potential new indicators for inclusion in explicit performance monitoring.