text:
What is the LiFePO4 Temperature Range?
The LiFePO4 battery is generally capable of sustaining necessary performance in temperatures ranging from -20°C to 40°C. Recharging it at a temperature below zero is an issue often raised, and two solutions are often used in such conditions: use a battery heater or store it.
How do LiFePO4 Battery Perform in Different Temperature Ranges?
Among the most important parameters to consider when purchasing LiFePO4 batteries are their capacity and voltage.
This is the most noteworthy parameter. The size of the capacity can be said to directly affect the performance of the battery, and it is also an important reference value to measure its quality. Generally speaking, the larger the capacity, the better, and of course, the larger the capacity, the more expensive the battery will be.
LiFePO4 batteries perform best when their temperature range is above 10°C, according to the data. Approximately 15°C will result in the rated capacity and 25°C will result in a state slightly above the rated capacity. Furthermore, LiFePO4 batteries have a slight increase in performance at high temperatures because of their characteristics. For example, at 40°C, they will reach 120% of their rated capacity.
The performance of LiFePO4 batteries is relatively weak at low temperatures, but no matter what batteries you use, they suffer from this problem. At -20°C and -40°C, they can only reach about 60% and 40% of their rated capacity.
In summary, LiFePO4 batteries are suitable for use in scenarios where the temperature is suitable, and they perform better at high temperatures compared to low temperatures.
The nominal voltage of LiFePO4 batteries has always been 3.2V, but the actual situation is not stable at 3.2V. It fluctuates depending on the temperature range of LiFePO4.
In the range of -20°C to 50°C, the voltage of a LiFePO4 battery with 50% SOC remains stable between 3.2V and 3.3V, which is a very stable state, and it can be used for power inputs and outputs very well. At -20°C, the LiFePO4 battery can only provide a voltage of approximately 3.0V, and at room temperature, it can only provide a voltage of about 3.2V.
LiFePO4 batteries with significantly lower SOC are more affected by temperature. This shows that voltage varies with SOC and temperature.
For the use of daily energy storage, in reality, the effect of temperature on LiFePO4 batteries is not particularly large, and it is within an acceptable range because energy storage is not necessarily used frequently. The performance degradation of the battery, due to the limitation of temperature, is a significant blow to electric vehicles if it is applied to scenarios such as electric vehicles.
It will help you to use LiFePO4 more effectively if you understand its temperature range properly. There are several unforgettable benefits to LiFePO4 batteries, including extreme safety, long life, lightweight design, and high energy density… but only by learning more about LiFePO4 batteries are you able to maximize their performance and make your life easier.


text:
2 April 2024
Explicitly derives replica geometry for Abelian gauge theories
Gauge fields on conical singularity contribute to more plaquettes
Simulates entropic c-function of 3D Ising model
Matches predictions from holography on its behavior
Duality of entanglement in gauge theories
This paper studies entanglement in lattice gauge theories using duality transformations to equivalent spin models. First, the replica trick geometry is derived for Abelian gauge theories, finding that fields on the conical singularity have more neighbors and contribute to more plaquettes. Then the entropic c-function of the 3D Ising model is simulated, which is equivalent to the 3D Z2 gauge theory. The results match predictions that the c-function transitions from conformal scaling to an exponential decay controlled by the mass gap.
No comments yet, be the first to start the conversation...
Sign up to comment on this paper

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Publication: Research › Ph.D. thesis – Annual report year: 2008
The purpose of the present PhD project was to identify the mechanisms governing global land use consequences of increased crop demand in a given location and, based on this conceptual analysis, to present and demonstrate a method proposal for construction of land use data that can be used in life cycle assessments involving crop consumption. Increased demand for a given crop can be met by intensification, expansion, and/or by displacement of other crops or pastures. The last option will reduce the supply of other agricultural products, which may then be replaced elsewhere. Such displacement-replacement mechanisms are governed by the availability of suitable agricultural land and several economic conditions, such as transport and trade costs. To estimate the land use response to an increase in crop demand, economic modelling can be used. In this project, the economic equilibrium model GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) was modified and applied to simulate increased demand for wheat in respectively Brazil, China, Denmark, and the USA. The net expansion of the global agricultural area was thereby estimated and it was attempted to classify the affected nature types (biomes) by use of global agricultural maps and agricultural statistics.
|Place of Publication||Kgs. Lyngby|
|Number of pages||183|
|State||Published - Nov 2008|
No data available

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
If you have been having this problem although playing game titles or viewing youtube videos, you could have noticed a great audio renderer error. You may have tried rebooting your PC but to no get. Fortunately, you can attempt to fix this condition by following things mentioned beneath. You can also try to download a free audio renderer repair software. Just the actual on-screen instructions to fix the issue. Once the audio manifestation error is usually resolved, your personal computer will start working normally again.
You can attempt to reboot your computer. This technique will correct the issue temporarily but just isn't going to permanently solve it. It is recommended to reboot your computer your PC when you have tried this before. Although if the problem still persists, you may have to resort to other alternatives. To solve the audio renderer error, you should first locate the source in the my latest blog post mistake. This might imply a harmed audio device. When you recognize the cause of the problem, you can try these tips.
To restart your computer, initially ensure that the audio device is turned on. If the problem still continues, try insert in another instrument and restarting your personal computer. This method is known to work well for some users. However , if it fails, you should consult a computer expert if you are uncertain how to fix the issue. However in case your whole body has become unstable or has an issue with music, you should follow the steps as listed above.


text:
ment in soudern Anatowia, which existed from approximatewy 7500 BC to 5700 BC. It is de wargest and best-preserved Neowidic site found to date and is a UNESCO Worwd Heritage Site. The settwement of Troy started in de Neowidic Age and continued into de Iron Age.
The earwiest recorded inhabitants of Anatowia were de Hattians and Hurrians, non-Indo-European peopwes who inhabited centraw and eastern Anatowia, respectivewy, as earwy as c. 2300 BC. Indo-European Hittites came to Anatowia and graduawwy absorbed de Hattians and Hurrians c. 2000–1700 BC. The first major empire in de area was founded by de Hittites, from de 18f drough de 13f century BC. The Assyrians conqwered and settwed parts of soudeastern Turkey as earwy as 1950 BC untiw de year 612 BC, awdough dey have remained a minority in de region, namewy in Hakkari, Şırnak and Mardin.
Urartu re-emerged in Assyrian inscriptions in de 9f century BC as a powerfuw nordern rivaw of Assyria. Fowwowing de cowwapse of de Hittite empire c. 1180 BC, de Phrygians, an Indo-European peopwe, achieved ascendancy in Anatowia untiw deir kingdom was destroyed by de Cimmerians in de 7f century BC. Starting from 714 BC, Urartu shared de same fate and dissowved in 590 BC, when it was conqwered by de Medes. The most powerfuw of Phrygia's successor states were Lydia, Caria and Lycia.
Starting around 1200 BC, de coast of Anatowia was heaviwy settwed by Aeowian and Ionian Greeks. Numerous important cities were founded by dese cowonists, such as Miwetus, Ephesus, Smyrna (now İzmir) and Byzantium (now Istanbuw), de watter founded by Greek cowonists from Megara in 657 BC. The first state dat was cawwed Armenia by neighbouring peopwes was de state of de Armenian Orontid dynasty, which incwuded parts of eastern Turkey beginning in de 6f century BC. In Nordwest Turkey, de most significant tribaw group in Thrace was de Odyrisians, founded by Teres I.
Aww of modern-day Turkey was conqwered by de Persian Achaemenid Empire during de 6f century BC. The Greco-Persian Wars started when de Greek city states on de coast of Anatowia rebewwed against Persian ruwe in 499 BC. The territory of Turkey water feww to Awexander de Great in 334 BC, which wed to increasing cuwturaw homogeneity and Hewwenization in de area.
Fowwowing Awexander's deaf in 323 BC, Anatowia was subseqwentwy divided into a number of smaww Hewwenistic kingdoms, aww of which became part of de Roman Repubwic by de mid-1st century BC. The process of Hewwenization dat began wif Awexander's conqwest accewerated under Roman ruwe, and by de earwy centuries of de Christian Era, de wocaw Anatowian wanguages and cuwtures had become extinct, being wargewy repwaced by ancient Greek wanguage and cuwture. From de 1st century BC up to de 3rd century CE, warge parts of modern-day Turkey were contested between de Romans and neighbouring Pardians drough de freqwent Roman-Pardian Wars.
Earwy Christian and Byzantine period
In 324, Constantine I chose Byzantium to be de new capitaw of de Roman Empire, renaming it New Rome. Fowwowing de deaf of Theodosius I in 395 and de permanent division of de Roman Empire between his two sons, de city, which wouwd popuwarwy come to be known as Constantinopwe, became de capitaw of de Eastern Roman Empire. This empire, which wouwd water be branded by historians as de Byzantine Empire, ruwed most of de territory of present-day Turkey untiw de Late Middwe Ages; awdough de eastern regions remained firmwy in Sasanian hands up to de first hawf of de sevenf century. The freqwent Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, as part of de centuries wong-wasting Roman-Persian Wars, fought between de neighbouring rivawwing Byzantines and Sasanians, took pwace in various parts of present-day Turkey and decided much of de watter's[cwarification needed] history from de fourf century up to de first hawf of de sevenf century.
Severaw ecumenicaw counciws of de earwy Church were hewd in cities wocated in present-day Turkey incwuding de First Counciw of Nicaea (Iznik) in 325, de First Counciw of Constantinopwe (Istanbuw) in 381, de Counciw of Ephesus in 431, and de Counciw of Chawcedon (Kadıköy) in 451.
Sewjuks and de Ottoman Empire
The House of Sewjuk originated from de Kınık branch of de Oghuz Turks who resided on de periphery of de Muswim worwd, in de Yabgu Khaganate of de Oğuz confederacy, to de norf of de Caspian and Araw Seas, in de 9f century. In de 10f century, de Sewjuks started migrating from deir ancestraw homewand into Persia, which became de administrative core of de Great Sewjuk Empire, after its foundation by Tughriw.
In de watter hawf of de 11f century, de Sewjuk Turks began penetrating into medievaw Armenia and de eastern regions of Anatowia. In 1071, de Sewjuks defeated de Byzantines at de Battwe of Manzikert, starting de Turkification process in de area; de Turkish wanguage and Iswam were introduced to Armenia and Anatowia, graduawwy spreading droughout de region, uh-hah-hah-hah. The swow transition from a predominantwy Christian and Greek-speaking Anatowia to a predominantwy Muswim and Turkish-speaking one was underway. The Mevwevi Order of dervishes, which was estabwished in Konya during de 13f century by Sufi poet Cewaweddin Rumi, pwayed a significant rowe in de Iswamization of de diverse peopwe of Anatowia who had previouswy been Hewwenized. Thus, awongside de Turkification of de territory, de cuwturawwy Persianized Sewjuks set de basis for a Turko-Persian principaw cuwture in Anatowia, which deir eventuaw successors, de Ottomans, wouwd take over.
In 1243, de Sewjuk armies were defeated by de Mongows at de Battwe of Köse Dağ, causing de Sewjuk Empire's power to swowwy disintegrate. In its wake, one of de Turkish principawities governed by Osman I wouwd evowve over de next 200 years into de Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans compweted deir conqwest of de Byzantine Empire by capturing its capitaw, Constantinopwe, in 1453: deir commander denceforf being known as Mehmed de Conqweror.
In 1514, Suwtan Sewim I (1512–1520) successfuwwy expanded de empire's soudern and eastern borders by defeating Shah Ismaiw I of de Safavid dynasty in de Battwe of Chawdiran. In 1517, Sewim I expanded Ottoman ruwe into Awgeria and Egypt, and created a navaw presence in de Red Sea. Subseqwentwy, a contest started between de Ottoman and Portuguese empires to become de dominant sea power in de Indian Ocean, wif a number of navaw battwes in de Red Sea, de Arabian Sea and de Persian Guwf. The Portuguese presence in de Indian Ocean was perceived as a dreat to de Ottoman monopowy over de ancient trade routes between East Asia and Western Europe. Despite de increasingwy prominent European presence, de Ottoman Empire's trade wif de east continued to fwourish untiw de second hawf of de 18f century.
The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in de 16f and 17f centuries, particuwarwy during de reign of Suweiman de Magnificent, who personawwy instituted major wegiswative changes rewating to society, education, taxation and criminaw waw. The empire was often at odds wif de Howy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Centraw Europe drough de Bawkans and de soudern part of de Powish-Liduanian Commonweawf


text:
University of Idaho Geologists Take Preventative Measures Before Potential Earthquake
Monday, July 11 2011
IDAHO FALLS, Idaho – Grand Teton National Park is a spectacular site along the Wyoming-Idaho border. The park brings in nearly 4 million visitors a year and creates a scenic background for those who live there.
While the beauty is stunning, it's tempered by the potential of danger from beneath the ground. The majestic mountain range sits on an active fault line that could one day lead to a severe earthquake.
The University of Idaho and the Idaho Bureau of Homeland Security are working together with local officials to identify areas that would be most affected in Idaho's Teton County in the event of an earthquake. The results of the survey will allow county leaders and citizens the opportunity to better protect government buildings and private property before an earthquake hits.
"With eastern Idaho's risk from earthquakes, it is important to have the best information so that emergency managers can be prepared and make informed decisions," said Brig. Gen. Bill Shawver, director of Idaho Bureau of Homeland Security. "This project is a great cooperative effort between Teton County, the University of Idaho and BHS that will increase the ability of emergency managers to plan for earthquakes."
Teton County's governmental seat is the city of Driggs, roughly 20 miles west of the Teton fault. While this fault has been seismically quiet in recorded historic time, geologists believe it could generate a magnitude 7.2 earthquake at some point in the future.
"Such an earthquake could produce heavy damage in Teton County to structures not built to seismic standards," explained Bill Phillips, research geologist for the Idaho Geological Survey. "The amount of damage during earthquakes also is influenced by local soil and rock conditions. We are constructing a map of these conditions in Teton County so that emergency planners can be better prepared."
During the week of July 18-22, geologists will be in the field using seismographs and geophone sensors in 25 places around Teton County to determine what type of soil and bedrock make up the area and how those areas would react during potential earthquake activity.
Results from the survey will be given to the county's emergency services center.
The survey is funded by the Idaho Bureau of Homeland Security through the Earthquake Hazard Reduction grant program. For more information on the survey, contact Bill Phillips from the University of Idaho at _PHONE_, or Greg Adams from Teton County at _PHONE_.
# # #
About the University of Idaho
Founded in 1889, the University of Idaho is the state's land-grant institution and its principal graduate education and research university, bringing insight and innovation to the state, the nation and the world. University researchers attract nearly $100 million in research grants and contracts each year. The University of Idaho is classified by the prestigious Carnegie Foundation as high research activity. The student population of 12,000 includes first-generation college students and ethnically diverse scholars, who select from more than 130 degree options in the colleges of Agricultural and Life Sciences; Art and Architecture; Business and Economics; Education; Engineering; Law; Letters, Arts and Social Sciences; Natural Resources; and Science. The university also is charged with the statewide mission for medical education through the WWAMI program. The university combines the strength of a large university with the intimacy of small learning communities and focuses on helping students to succeed and become leaders. It is home to the Vandals, and competes in the Western Athletic Conference. For more information, visit _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to Start a Small Business in 2021?
How to start a new business?
This guide has laid out in-depth guides on how to start a small business and things to consider when starting a new business before even creating the business plan for the industry you pick.
How to start a new business?
Things to consider when starting a new business
 1. Demand for your business
 2. Capital needed for your business
 3. Your passion for your business
 4. Industry of your business
 5. Business zoning restrictions
How to start a small business?
 1. Choose your business nature & industry
 2. Assess the profitability
 3. Determine the investment
 4. Raise the capital
 5. Find the right location
 6. Design your business operation plan
 7. Decide how many workers to hire
 8. Register your business
 9. Get licenses and permits
 10. Open business bank accounts
 11. Promote immediately to your contacts
 12. Operate and grow your 'business
Things to consider when starting a new business
Things to consider when starting a new business
Among so many things that you're maybe thinking to consider in starting a small business, actually, these top-5 below must be on your list.
1. Demand for your business
That's the most important thing to consider in starting a business. Let's assume that you've got a service or product that you're sure will revolutionize a person's life. The truth is, if there's no demand for that, no one will bother to check out your store. You won't make a sale. That's the fact.
Businesses that are high on demand
Small businesses that cater to the basic demands of the consumers are more likely to succeed.
Smart business-minded people know the what, where, when, and how in starting a business. The first they see are the demands. And their mind churns out fast, clearly visualizing the processes of addressing the demands.
To give you an idea, a lime, yes lime? The ordinary citrus from the farm had made a person's life changed when he looked for its demands on the market and sold 100 kilos every day. You will get to that later on this article.
Basically, that's what you need to consider, first and foremost. Is there a demand for your business?
2. Capital needed for your business
We all know that the business foundation is the capital itself. How much is your capital? Or you could ask yourself — What is my capital?
There are some small businesses that started with meager capital and, the business owners only capitalize on their skill, expertise, and dedication.
How to raise capital for business
How much or what is your capital? Do you have expertise? Or you just want to invest your money in a small business. Some do combine the two.
You can look for investors and lay-out your initial business plan which must have a back up plan once your business is already operating. In most cases, investors offer you the division of profit which is a bit more advantageous to their side. But it's up to you how to win them over to get a more favorable outcome.
3. Your passion for your business
Does the business you want to start have a connection to your personal feelings on what you enjoy doing? The most important question is, "Do you have passion for the kind of service or product that you're going to sell and offer to the buying public?"
How to make your business grow
Small business owners who are passionate about what they do and the way they conduct business succeed in the industry because they have a sense of purpose other than making money.
Are you passionate about what you do, or the product on your mind, like you want to get your hands onto them every single day?
You know the passion for a particular thing has power when you combine it with the entrepreneurship. You hold the purpose in your heart, which gives you fulfillment and being your bread and butter becomes incredibly satisfactory for you, even if at the start, you only make a little, scaling it up comes easy.
As you devote your time to your passion, it grows naturally. As Kerwin Rae says, "Chase your purpose, and the money will follow."
4. Industry of your business
If you want to start a small business, given that you have already enough capital, narrow down the list of business industries from which you pick the best one for you.
For example, let's take guns and ammunition. Surely, there's a demand for guns and ammunition. But you have to come up with a brilliant idea of how you're going to infiltrate that demand.
In starting a small business, choosing an industry you love, and you have a certain amount of knowledge, which caters to the basic needs of the majority of the general populace, is a good way to go.
Narrow down to "basic." You can start your debate by asking what is the most basic need of the human race to live? Would they die if they don't have this basic item supplied to them every day? By asking questions, you will be able to come up with ideas. Food, oxygen, water?
So between guns & ammunition and the bottled water business, you know that the bottled water passed with flying colors as a good business. It has high demand although the competition is there, you can infiltrate the market easier and quicker than guns & ammunition.
Think of an industry that the human race consumes on a daily basis and is near to your heart, and can be learned and managed using standard measures that the government regulates.
5. Business zoning restrictions
Are you going to put up a business just outside your home? Or you are looking for an area that you think conducive to operate your chosen business industry.
Zoning regulations are more strict in the home-based business. But by no means does this means zoning ordinances don't affect any type of business even if your location is in another area.
Business location - zoning regulations
Zoning ordinances should be the main consideration in starting a small business. It's hard to operate a business while you're oblivious to the fact that you're violating some regulations.
In this consideration, you must obtain a copy of the zoning regulations in your county or city. It's easy to obtain those documents as it is the right of any resident of any city or state to have access to those public documents.
It's very crucial because if your planned business is prohibited in your chosen location, whether at your home or in different areas, you can't start the business.
Read the zoning regulations documents thoroughly and identify all the restrictions so that you know that you can't include them in the operation of your business.
Follow the step by step guide to starting a small business, next up.
How to start a business?
1. Choose your business nature & industry
Nature of business is important in starting a small business
Choosing the right industry for your business has a great impact on your success.
Starting a business will not be possible without mentioning the industry of your operation. It is the first and foremost important part of any business activity. You will not just drop a term when you're asked what is the industry of business you want to put up.
Yes, in theory, you have to start with the nature of your business. But it is the industry that really comes to mind when starting a business because it is the immediate product or service that you provide.
There are so many businesses that you see in your daily interactions. Most of the routines you do every day are determined by being a customer of companies with different industries.
For example, when you call-up a food delivery service and order some Chinese food, you interact with a company having the food as their industry of business.
When you go to a fashion retail shop and buy a pair of jeans, you know that you become a customer of a company with clothing lines as their industry and merchandising as the nature of business.
Never confuse industry with nature of business
The nature of business is the general structure of how a company operates in terms of the process in which products and services are produced and then offer them to the public to materialize the profit. There are three types of nature of business:
Three types of nature of business
 1. Service nature of business
 2. Merchandising nature of business
 3. Manufacturing nature of business
Service company
Businesses such as a restaurant, food delivery, consultancy, medical clinic are all service companies. They render different types of services to their customers to operate.
Merchandising company
A variety store, a boutique shop, a gadgets & accessories stall, and a fruit & vegetable vendor buys the product at a wholesale price and sell them with mark-up. They are all merchandising.
Take note that wholesalers also fall under merchandising as they get their goods from manufacturers and sell to other wholesalers and retailers.
Manufacturing company
Manufacturing companies create their own products by acquiring bits of parts at a low-cost rate to make a profit. Companies like vinegar production, soy-sauce, soap are all manufacturing companies.
Choosing the nature of business
The first question here is, "How much is your capital?"
Not the initial capital, but the figure of the entire amount of investment that you have or if not, the amount you can raise to start-out a business and keep it going until it takes off.
Most manufacturing companies start small, but in reality the amount is quite high for some budding entrepreneurs. There are logistics involved most of the time, and it necessitates extra funding.
Merchandising is an attractive business for both people with a small and significant amount of capital. But as it generally involved buying


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am not completely green to Python, but I am interested in learning/keeping good practices while I develop my skills.
I want to remove the high and low values from a list of numbers, which I know how to do, but am curious if there is a better/preferred way to do this.
mylist = [1, 4, 0, 3, 2]
mylist.sort() #[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
trimmed = mylist[1:-1] #[1, 2, 3]
I get the desired answer, but did I get the right answer appropriately?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Here's another way to do it if you don't want to change the order of the items:
Assumes that the high/low don't have any duplicates in the list, or if there are, that it's OK to remove only one of them.
This will need to do 2-4 passes through the list: two to find the max and min values, and up to 2 to find the values to remove (if they both happen to be at the end of the list). You could reduce this to one by writing a Python loop to find the max and min in a single pass (and remember the index of each so you can delete the items by index after the loop). However, min() and max() are implemented in C, so replacing them with Python code would probably result in lower performance even if it allowed you to reduce the number of passes.
share|improve this answer
Note that doing 4 passes is still probably faster than sorting the list, but if you want mylist to remain and have the trimmed version in trimmed, you should copy it first. – sverre Apr 13 '11 at 23:03
Yep. trimmed = mylist[:] and then do the manipulations on trimmed. – kindall Apr 13 '11 at 23:08
Your Answer


Migrating an Existing Pylons Application
There are two general ways to port a Pylons application to Pyramid. One is to start from scratch, expressing the application's behavior in Pyramid. Many aspects such as the models, templates, and static files can be used unchanged or mostly unchanged. Other aspects like such as the controllers and globals will have to be rewritten. The route map can be ported to the new syntax, or you can take the opportunity to restructure your routes.
The other way is to port one URL at a time, and let Pyramid serve the ported URLs and Pylons serve the unported URLs. There are several ways to do this:
 - Run both the Pyramid and Python applications in Apache, and use mod_rewrite to send different URLs to different applications.
 - Set up paste.cascade in the INI file, so that it will first try one application and then the other if the URL returns "Not Found". (This is how Pylons serves static files.)
 - Wrap the Pylons application in a Pyramid view. See pyramid.wsgiapp.wsgiapp2.
Also see the Porting Applications to Pyramid section in the Cookbook.
Caution: running a Pyramid and a Pylons application simultaneously may bring up some tricky issues such as coordiating database connections, sessions, data files, etc. These are beyond the scope of this Guide.
You'll also have to choose whether to write the Pyramid application in Python 2 or 3. Pyramid 1.3 runs on Python 3, along with Mako and SQLAlchemy, and the Waitress and CherryPy HTTP servers (but not PasteHTTPServer). But not all optional libraries have been ported yet, and your application may depend on libraries which haven't been.


text:
FTC 7305 & 23606
We are the GearCats
FTC (First Tech Challenge) Teams 7305 & 23606
The GearCats is a middle school FIRST robotics team in Ann Arbor, Michigan. GearCats robots are constructed from custom and Tetrix components and driven by Java programming.
Middle school students gain education in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). As Gearcat students, we strategize, design, build, program, troubleshoot, and compete with the team robot for a chance at winning the national championship.
Students come together as a team to put their best foot forward when building and competing. Emphasizing gracious professionalism, teams compete fairly with one another and support opposing teams to perform at their best.
For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology
FIRST is an international organization that engages students from elementary school to high school in competitive robotics. Every year, FIRST develops a new game for each major age group. Games are designed for robots to play. Students custom design their robot every year to play the new game. Each team's robot must be ready to compete when the deadline arrives, and no more work can be done on the robot until competition.
Teams compete with their robots at the regional level for a chance at the state competition, and again for the world championship. Each match of the game is made of two alliances, red and blue. Each alliance is made up of two randomly selected robots. A robot on your alliance this match could become an opponent in the next. FIRST encourages Gracious Professionalism and Coopertition, where students and teams compete their hardest, yet are respectful to opponents and partners.
First Tech Challenge
FTC introduces middle schoolers to FIRST robotics. The GearCats are FTC Teams 7305 and 23606. Students build robots that fit within an 18 inch cube. GearCats students can learn how to design, construct, wire, and program their robot, depending on what interests them. They also can learn how to create their own custom parts out of metal sheet, extrusions, or blocks. The robot program is written in Java, a powerful programming language.


7 Ways to Negotiate Medical Bills
By Mikey Rox on 26 June 2015 1 comment
When you've just had a medical procedure, you should be concentrating on recovery — not how you'll cover the bills. But what happens if you can't make a payment? While you can't make the bills disappear (unless you pay), you can probably reduce your financial burden if you know the right questions to ask. Get a leg up with these seven ways to negotiate your medical bills.
1. Learn to Spot Common Medical Billing Errors
I don't want to suggest that medical bills purposefully contain errors, but sometimes honest mistakes do occur, and you need to know how to spot them.
"Every procedure performed by a health care provider has a code that allows the provider to bill your insurance company," licensed health care attorney David J. Holt explains. "The issue with coding is that the average person has no idea what the codes mean."
To catch you up to speed, Holt deciphers the definitions behind some those codes for you.
A medical bill that is improperly charged as a different treatment, typically a more expensive one. This is most common when a name-brand medication is billed for a generic medication.
Where services that should be packaged together are split and billed separately. This is common when multiple medical tests are ordered, but all relate to one medical diagnosis.
Duplicate Billing
This is more common than you would expect. This is where you are billed multiple times for the same procedure, perhaps 25 times instead of 23.
Mismatched Coding
This is when the treatment code does not match the diagnosis. In this situation, the insurance company then denies the claim. The bill is sent back to the provider and will either be corrected or sent down to you, the patient.
Balance Billing
This is the leftover balance after the insurance company pays. All of the charges may be covered under your policy, so you may not actually owe this "leftover" amount. Uncommon, but still happens with automated billing processes.
In effect, you should question all charges and make sure the bill lines up with the actual treatment. It's important to be an educated patient.
Don't be afraid to "call your biller and health care provider to determine what a bill and code mean," Holt says. "It is your right as a patient and health care consumer to know what you are paying for."
2. Go Into a Procedure Knowledgeable of Fees
While knowing what the codes and charges on your bills actually mean is important, so is knowing all the fees you're incurring from your procedure. Because how will you know after the fact what's legit, if you didn't know beforehand?
There's nothing wrong with raising these question in the initial stages. Cheryl Reed, a representative for Angie's List, says the company has been advocating for years that patients need to be more empowered and bring their negotiating skills with them when they work with the medical community.
The first step is to get the quotes in writing. "If you're price shopping before you have a procedure done, get a signature, name, and title to go along with the price quoted," she says.
You also want to cover every doctor in the room.
"When getting prices, be sure you cover all fees associated with your procedure, rather than just the surgical costs — e.g. anesthesiologist, radiologist, laboratory costs, etc.," says Reed.
3. Ask If You Qualify for Discounts
There are very few instances when I'm buying something that I don't inquire about a discount. Many times it's under-the-radar savings that I would never know about unless I speak up. Such is the case with medical bills. There are discounts available in some situations — all you've got to do is ask.
"The doctor I go to is part of a hospital network that automatically gives you 10% off if you pay the bill over the phone," says Zina Kumok, whose frugal habits helped her pay off her student loans in full in three years. "You have to ask for the discount, but it's an easy way to save money."
Kumok also revealed another back-door tactic to lower the cost of medical bills — something called a charity care program, and it can save you big bucks if it's available to you.
"A lot of people probably qualify for some kind of charity care program," she says. "I applied for my doctor's program and found out that I'm eligible for a 30% discount after what my insurance covers. The key to saving money on medical bills is to ask. Usually providers won't tell you about any deals you can make. You have to be proactive and pursue any discounts you're eligible for."
4. Familiarize Yourself With Health Care Mumbo Jumbo
There's a lot of insider jargon associated with health care and insurance companies in general, and my opinion is that they're banking on you not knowing what much of it means, being too afraid to ask because you don't want to look uneducated, and then taking their word for it. You're doing yourself a major disservice by accepting your bills at face value. If you don't understand any part of it, question it; your wallet might thank you.
Holt knows that this problem is all-too-common, as he's dealt with plenty of patients who have fallen victim to it.
"How many Americans read through the entire health plan contract?," he asks. "Not many, and not knowing the terms may lead to thousands of dollars in medical bills because you were unaware of your coverage. Don't let this happen."
Here are few prominent terms with which you should absolutely familiarize yourself.
This is the amount that you pay out-of-pocket for health care before your insurance starts to pay. For example, for a $2,000 deductible, you would need to pay $2,000 before your health insurance would start covering costs.
This is a certain dollar amount associated with a type of care. For example, you may need to pay $25 for every visit to a doctor.
This is similar to the co-pay, but in this case, there is a percentage you will pay for a certain type of care. For example, you may need to pay 30% of the cost for an outpatient surgery. Therefore, your insurance would pay the remaining 70%.
In Network vs. Out of Network
In-network refers to providers (hospitals/clinics) that are covered by your insurance and out-of-network means limited or no coverage by your insurance. Why doesn't your health insurance cover all providers? It saves them on costs. Health plans contract with specific groups of providers for group discounts. Other providers are "out-of-network" and have different coverage rates, or are not covered at all. You should avoid out-of-network care if possible.
5. Visit the Hospital's Billing Department
Spotted an error on your medical bill? Does something seem fishy? Don't brush it off and resolve to pay it just to save time. Because if it happens once, it's likely to happen again — and you need to nip that in the bud right away. Visit the hospital's billing department in person to sort it out.
Another reason you may want to visit in person is if you're having a hard time paying. Maybe there are no errors on the bill, but you just can't afford the monthly payment. Instead of letting yourself go deeper into debt with late fees and other charges, have a one-on-one conversation about your financial situation with the source. You may be surprised by what you can work out.
Chicago-based RN and patient advocate Teri Dreher advises her clients to do the same.
"My tip would be to go to the hospital's medical billing department directly if one is having a hard time paying," she says. "Even if you pay a small amount every month, they will not give the payment to collections. It's the person who does not pay at all that has the case go to collections."
"If your economic situation improves after a few months, sometimes one can negotiate for a portion of the bill to be forgiven if the remainder is paid in full," Dreher says. "I would also review the entire bill very carefully for accuracy as hospitals and physician offices often send out incorrect bills and charges. Accuracy is sometimes sacrificed for speed of getting the bills out."
6. Be Polite, But Not a Pushover
You know the old saying: You catch more flies with honey than vinegar. That's an important rule to remember when negotiating your medical bills. Being rude will get you nowhere. Be polite but persistent, and you'll find the negotiating process much easier to manage.
Holt offers a few suggestions on preparing for the phone call with your biller.
"Don't lose your composure on the phone; remain calm and objective," he says. "The biller is taking notes on your conversation. Clearly communicate your financial situation. Say, 'I am willing to pay something, but unable to pay the entire amount. Given my financial situation, what are the discounted payment options available for me?' Offer to pay a discounted percentage of the bill up front (say $100 today for a $500 bill). Hold strong here. Request for the payment terms to be as long as possible. Generally, you will have a maximum of two years from the original billing date to pay off your bill. Request an 'interest-free payment plan' for a discounted amount of the total bill. Health care providers are getting clever about collecting debt and offering all sorts of 'low interest medical-credit' plans. In reality, this is just a credit card with the health care provider. Since when did my health care provider also become my banker? I do not feel like that is right."
In other words, avoid the medical credit plan option at all costs; it's likely to cost you


(230s) Dynamics of Linear and Comb DNA Solutions Using Efficient Brownian Dynamics Techniques | AIChE
(230s) Dynamics of Linear and Comb DNA Solutions Using Efficient Brownian Dynamics Techniques
Authors
Saadat, A. - Presenter, University of Tennessee
Khomami, B., University of Tennessee
Mai, D. J., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Schroeder, C. M., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Excluded volume (EV) and hydrodynamic interactions (HI) play a central role in macromolecular dynamics under equilibrium and non-equilibrium settings, specifically in determining the concentration dependence of static and dynamic properties of semidilute polymer solutions. The high computational cost of incorporating the influence of HI in mesoscale Brownian dynamics simulations (BDS) of polymeric solutions has motivated much research on development of high-fidelity and cost efficient techniques. In this work, a Krylov subspace based technique is implemented to enable fast calculations of single chain dynamics with computational expense scaling as O(Nb2) where Nb is the number of beads in the bead-spring micromechanical model [1]. For simulations of coupled multichain systems, a matrix-free approach for calculation of HI is implemented which leads to O(NlogN) scaling of simulation time, where N is the total number of beads in the periodic box [2].
To investigate the properties of DNA solutions using coarse-grained bead-spring chains, a new technique is developed on the basis of properties of exact worm-like chain (WLC). In this approach, the correct correlation along the chain is modeled through the introduction of a bending potential and the spring force-law is obtained using asymptotic behavior of WLC at small and large forces. Using this model, the relaxation and stretching dynamics of linear and comb DNA molecules are evaluated and compared against experimental data [3].
References:
[1] A. Saadat and B. Khomami, J. Chem. Phys., 140, 184903 (2014).
[2] A. Saadat and B. Khomami, Phys. Rev. E, 92, 033307 (2015).
[3] D. J. Mai, A. B Marciel, C. E. Sing, C. M. Schroeder, ACS Macro Lett., 4, 446 (2015).


New Course Offering: JSIS 488/POL S 447 Post-Conflict States and Societies in Europe
New Course Offering
JSIS 488 B/POL S 447 E
Fall 2015 Dr. Arista Cirtautas
Meets Tuesdays & Thursdays 2:30-4:20pm
With the return of conflict to Europe in Ukraine and the continuation of conflicts near Europe's borders as in Syria, essential questions for European security have re-emerged: how can conflicts be contained or resolved; how do post-conflict states and societies engage in the tasks of stabilization and reconstruction; how well or how poorly do post-conflict societies fare in creating the foundations for durable peace and prosperity; what lessons might European experiences bring to light for other conflicts around the world?
This course will focus on European case studies, analyzing the policies used to overcome divisions both within countries (e.g. Ireland, Greece, France/Algeria, N. Ireland, Bosnia, Chechnya) and between countries (Germany and France; Germany and Poland) to determine what, if anything, from these experiences might be applicable to current conflict zones such as in Ukraine and the Southern Caucasus. Special attention will be paid to the role of regional integration in fostering reconciliation.
News Category:


text:
During this year's currently ongoing DMY festival in Berlin, the German design practice Studio Aisslinger presents its new edition of seating furniture. With 'Network' Werner Aisslinger and his team created light and transparents structures based on the smart combination of high technologies and traditional stitching techniques.
"The volumes are first translated with software into 2d projections of themselves that can be directly programmed into the machines that stitch the pattern into a carrying surface. The carrying surface is then dissolved and the embroidered 2d pattern becomes free to form a 3d object. The objects formed by the stitched honeycomb structures are fixed over a fiberglass mould and impregnated with resin in order to make them rigid and constructive", the designers explain.
'NETwork' was developed together with a traditional German manufacturer in Plauen, a region with a long tradition in stitching and embroidery. The fabrics are made by the Danish manufacturer Kvadrat.


text:
Looking at directional characteristics from an academic standpoint, the
omnidirectional microphone is sensitive to the pressure of the sound wave.
The diaphragm is completely enclosed, apart from a tiny slow-acting air-pressure
equalizing vent, and the mic effectively compares the changing pressure of the
outside air under the influence of the sound signal with the constant pressure
Pressure acts equally in all directions, therefore the mic is equally sensitive
in all directions, in theory as we said.
In practice, at higher frequencies where the size of the mic starts to become
significant in comparison with the wavelength, the diaphragm will be shielded
from sound approaching from the rear and rearward HF response will drop.
So in fact, although a microphone may be described as omnidirectional, it
will only be truly omnidirectional up to around 5 kHz, above which its directivity
will become more focused.
Some microphones have a special attachment that can help randomize the directivity
of incoming sound.
Come on the Audio Masterclass Pro Home Studio MiniCourse - 60 great hints and tips to get your home recording studio MOVING
It's FREE!Get It Now >>
Great home recording starts with a great home recording studio. It doesn't need to be expensive if you know how to select the right equipment for your needs.


Censoring Evolution is Not the Answer - Evolution News & Views
Evolution News and Views
Censoring Evolution is Not the Answer
According to a report from the Montreal (CA) Gazette some parents in the Quebec town of Salluit don't want their children learning about evolution.
Alexandre April, who teaches French and physical science to students in Grades 7 and 8, said he was told repeatedly by the principal to stop teaching evolution, for fear of hurting their students' religious beliefs.
I suspect that the parents are more concerned that their students are being taught evolution dogmatically, without any exposure to the science that challenges it. The way to avoid these kind of problems of course is to teach the scientific evidence for evolution, as well as the sceintific evidence against it. Were they to teach evolution critically, students would be more interested, and the parents would probably stop complaining.


Encyclopedia Astronautica
Von Braun 1948-3
Nitric acid/Hydrazine propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 105,000/22,000 kg. Thrust 2,033.80 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 296 seconds.
Status: Study 1952.
Gross mass: 105,000 kg (231,000 lb).
Unfuelled mass: 22,000 kg (48,000 lb).
Height: 15.00 m (49.00 ft).
Diameter: 9.80 m (32.10 ft).
Span: 52.00 m (170.00 ft).
Thrust: 2,033.80 kN (457,216 lbf).
Specific impulse: 296 s.
Burn time: 105 s.
More... - Chronology...
Associated Countries
Associated Launch Vehicles
 - Von Braun 1948 German winged orbital launch vehicle. Von Braun's 1948 design for a reusable space launcher was remarkable in its tubby design. This was partly driven by the need for large parachute cannisters in the base of the first and second stages, which took up one half of the diameter, with the engines arranged around the periphery. More...
Associated Propellants
 - Nitric acid/Hydrazine Drawing on the German World War II Wasserfall rocket, nitric acid (HNO3) became the early storable oxidiser of choice for missiles and upper stages of the 1950's. To overcome various problems with its use, it was necessary to combine the nitric acid with N2O4 and passivation compounds. These formulae were considered extremely secret at the time. By the late 1950's it was apparent that N2O4 by itself was a better oxidiser. Therefore nitric acid was almost entirely replaced by pure N2O4 in storable liquid fuel rocket engines developed after 1960. Hydrazine (N2H4) found early use as a fuel, but it was quickly replaced by UDMH. It is still used as a monopropellant for satellite station-keeping motors. More...
Home - Browse - Contact
© / Conditions for Use


text:
Definition of aconite
a poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which bears hooded pink or purple flowers. It is native to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.
- Genus Aconitum, family Ranunculaceae: many species, including monkshood and wolfsbane
an extract of aconite, used as a poison or in medicinal preparations.


text:
This paper summarizes the main points of a theoretical study of the general watershed behaviour, on the basis of the known deterministic physics-based approaches for overland flow, underground flow and unsaturated medium phýsics. A parameter z(θ) which describes the soil water movement in the unsaturated zone and accounts for evaporation is introduced. Thus, a differential equation which allows a state-space formulation of the processes in the watershed is obtained, and the solution of the state equation can be given the form of the Volterra Integral series. The obtained results are compared with those of previous studies.
Skip Nav Destination
A. Afouda; A Unified Approach to Watershed Modelling. Hydrology Research 1 June 1978; 9 (3-4): 161–172. doi: _URL_
Download citation file:


text:
Built in just 10 months, it was the nation's largest shipyard
Philadelphia's Hog Island was the first shipyard built for the mass production of freighters as a result of the onset of World War I. In 1917, the United States established several government-owned shipyards to fulfill its wartime shipping needs-to get troops and supplies to Europe as quickly as possible. Contracts were signed over the next year and Hog Island Shipyard, the largest of three such facilities, was slated to build 180 ships-vessels that came to be known as Hog Islanders. To meet the hastened schedule, the process of shipbuilding had to be reinvented. Like a modern day assembly line, Hog Island was the first shipyard designed to build 50 ships simultaneously.
With groundbreaking ceremonies on September 22, 1917, Hog Island celebrated its first launch just 10 months later on August 5, 1918. With approximately 100,000 people in attendance, including President and Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, the ship known as Quistconck was ceremoniously christened, although it was not 100% complete. Unfortunately, the Quistconck was not fully seaworthy until after November 11, 1918, when the war officially ended.
Hog Island was said to be the "eighth wonder of the world," but throughout the entire development of the shipyard, it was plagued with enormous cost overruns and government investigations. Not one ship was delivered before the war ended. Over its 4-year lifespan, a total of 122 ships were built, with the last one delivered on January 22, 1921.
In 1930, the United States government transferred ownership of the 911 acres of Hog Island to the City of Philadelphia in order to develop Philadelphia Municipal Airport.


text:
With the help of a simple ceramic piezo-electric detector it is possible to assemble an interesting and useful Impact sensor unit,which can be used to detect impact and vibration on doors, showcases, windows etc. The shock sensor (Ceramic piezo-electric detector) uses a "unimorph" diaphram, which consists of a piezo-electric ceramic disk laminated to a metal disk. The sensor supplies a voltage proportional to the acceleration of the impact or vibration, for example 40mV/G ie output is near 2V for 60G impact.
Here a low voltage, low current Impact sensor unit is realised using a standard ceramic piezo-electric detector which drives a monostable multivibrator (IC1) circuit to activate a npn silicon transistor (T1). Open collector output of this transistor switch can be interfaced to an external alarm/switch circuit for further processing. Since current consumption of the circuit is very low (from 5 to 6 mA only) any common 3V button cell can be used to power the sensor unit.When an impact is sensed, the monostable drives the transistor switch to ON , for a finite duration determined by the incircuit values of RC timing components R3 and C2.
The M74HC123 (IC1) is an high speed DUAL retriggerable CMOS MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR (MMV) fabricated with silicon gate C2MOS technology, with all inputs protected against static discharge and transient excess voltage. There are two trigger inputs, negative edge and positive edge. Here, only one monostable part with positive edge triggering (pin 2) is used. After triggering, the output maintains the monostable state for the time period determined by the external resistor R3 and capacitor C2.


Gamut mapping
What is color gamut?
Color Gamut is the range of colors a given color space can produce. Some color spaces (e.g. Lab, LCH, Jazbz, CAM16) are mathematical models that encompass all visible color and thus, do not have a fixed gamut. Others however cannot produce all visible color without values out of range. For example. all the RGB spaces (sRGB, P3, Adobe® RGB, ProPhoto, REC.2020) have a gamut that is smaller than all visible color. Therefore, there are visible colors that cannot be represented by certain color spaces. For example, the P3 lime (color(display-p3 0 1 0)) is outside of the gamut of sRGB. In addition, colors that are not visible to humans can sometimes be represented by some color spaces! Most notably, two of ProPhoto's three primaries (pure green, pure blue) are outside the gamut of human vision!
The process of transforming a color outside of a given gamut to a color that is as close as possible but is inside gamut is called gamut mapping and is the subject of entire books.
So how does Color.js handle all this?
Color.js does not do gamut mapping by default, as this is lossy: If you convert from a larger color space to a smaller one and then back, you need to be able to get your original color (possibly with some roundoff error due to the calculations).
You can call color.inGamut() to check if the current color is in gamut of its own color space, or you can pass a different color space to check against:
let lime = new Color("p3", [0, 1, 0]);
let sRGB_lime ="srgb");
Note that while the coordinates remain unchanged, the string representation of a Color object is, by default, after gamut mapping, unless you explicitly turn that off:
let lime = new Color("p3", [0, 1, 0]).to("srgb");
lime.toString({inGamut: false});
If you want gamut mapped coordinates, you can use color.toGamut(), which by default returns a new color that is within gamut (if you want to mutate your own color instead you can use {inPlace: true}). You can also pass a different color space whose gamut you are mapping to via the space parameter.
let sRGB_lime ="srgb");
lime.toGamut({space: "srgb"});
Perhaps most important is the method parameter, which controls the algorithm used for gamut mapping. You can pass "clip" to use simple clipping (not recommended), or any coordinate of any imported color space, which will make Color.js reduce that coordinate until the color is in gamut.
The default method is "lch.chroma" which means LCH hue and lightness remain constant while chroma is reduced until the color fits in gamut. Simply reducing chroma tends to produce good results for most colors, but most notably fails on yellows:
Here is P3 yellow, with LCH Chroma reduced to the neutral axis. The RGB values are linear-light P3. The color wedge shows sRGB values, if in gamut; salmon, if outside sRGB and red if outside P3. Notice the red curve goes up (so, out of gamut) before finally dropping again. The chroma of P3 yellow is 123, while the chroma of the gamut-mapped result is far to low, only 25!
Instead, the default algorithm reduces chroma (by binary search) and also, at each stage, calculates the deltaE2000 between the current estimate and a channel-clipped version of that color. If the deltaE is less than 2, the clipped color is displayed. Notice the red curve hugs the top edge now because clipping to sRGB also means it is inside P3 gamut. Notice how we get an in-gamut color much earlier. This method produces an in-gamut color with chroma 103.


text:
The report describes the results of a pilot study on daylight conditions in simple rooms of residential buildings. As a tool for the analyses the Radiance Lighting Simulating System was used to simulate one room with three different window configurations, a vertical window, a dormer window, and a roof window. The simulations were performed for overcast sky conditions and under one sunny sky, for two different times of the day. The study shows that the window configuration affects the daylight conditions (distribution and intensity) significantly. The roof window results in a higher (average) daylight factor on a horizontal plane, i.e. more than twice as high compared with the vertical window, and more than triple as high compared with the dormer window.
|Place of Publication||Hørsholm|
|Number of pages||38|
|Publication status||Published - 2003|
|Series||By og Byg Dokumentation|


The Name You Know.
The Name You Trust.
The Name You
The Name You
What information is needed in a prescription drug crime defense?
No matter the circumstances of the prescription drug crime arrest, all Florida residents who are accused of prescription drug possession will have the right to a criminal defense. In order to successfully defend against a prescription drug crime, though, a defense attorney will require specific documentation from his or her client. Sometimes, this information is personal in nature.
First, your defense attorney will request that you provide him or her with the arrest record relating to your prescription drug possession charges. Each time you are arrested, the police prepare a special arrest report. This report is vital to the defense of your case because it indicates the nature of your arrest and the circumstances under which your arrest occurred.
Your defense attorney will also want a copy of your police file, which will contain pictures, notes, maps and information from interviews relating to your arrest and charges. The police file will also contain additional information that was uncovered by authorities during the investigation of your alleged crime. It will further contain details about the evidence that authorities have collected and plan to use against you in court.
Your criminal record will be important because, if you have been arrested before, this could negatively affect your case and elevate the severity of your potential charges in the event that you are convicted. Conversely, if your criminal background is clean, it could help you in your case. Finally, your medical records will be essential to any prescription drug defense. In some cases, for example, prescription drug crime charges can be easily defended against with proof of a valid prescription for the medication from your Florida doctor. Further, proof that you suffered from a medical condition requiring you to take the medication could also support your case.
Source: FindLaw, "Getting Arrested: Documents Your Attorney Will Need", Accessed on April 7, 2015
FindLaw Network


LinkedIn
Copied!
Table of Contents
Throttling during email processing
Email providers use throttling to control the number of email messages that they receive at one time. If the number of incoming email messages surpasses a certain threshold that is determined by the email provider, the email provider might invoke throttling and drop the connection or reject additional connections.
The way that Pega Platform identifies and handles throttling depends on whether you use the Microsoft Graph, IMAP, or POP3 protocols to receive emails. For all protocols, no messages are lost or duplicated during throttling.
Microsoft Graph
Microsoft Graph sends an error code to Pega Platform when throttling occurs. The error code specifies the expected duration of the throttling. Throttling is also indicated by the Application is over its MailboxConcurrency limit error message in the log file. You can view the debug message this is throttling info for additional details, such as when the throttling occurred, the retry interval, and the email account that is throttled.
When an email listener receives the error, the listener stops reading emails on all nodes on which it is running. The system also pauses sending outgoing emails from the email account that is throttled.
The email listener continues to process emails that it already read before the throttling occurred. For example, if throttling occurs while an email listener creates a case from an email, the listener continues to create the case because the listener is not required to make calls to the email provider. The email listener resumes reading emails after the throttling period ends.
IMAP
Email listeners follow the same behavior as described in the Microsoft Graph section. IMAP does not send an error code when throttling occurs. Throttling is indicated by the Email Account <accountName> is getting throttled by the mail provider error message, or the javax.mail.FolderClosedException error message in the log file. If the email listener encounters this message, the listener goes to sleep, and then wakes up after the latency period expires.
Pega Platform provides a dynamic system setting to identify throttling. The DSS uses a standard template to evaluate whether an error message is indicating throttling. If you are aware of other messages that might indicate throttling in your application, you can change the value of the dynamic system setting. For more information, see Editing a dynamic system setting.
POP3
The email listener skips email messages during throttling and attempts to process the messages again the next time the listener wakes up.
Related Content
Have a question? Get answers now.
Visit the Collaboration Center to ask questions, engage in discussions, share ideas, and help others.


text:
Protecting the Rights of Older Australians from Abuse
I, Senator the Hon George Brandis QC, Attorney-General of Australia, having regard to:
- the principle that all Australians have rights, which do not diminish with age, to live dignified, self determined lives, free from exploitation, violence and abuse
- the principle that laws and legal frameworks should provide appropriate protections and safeguards for older Australians, while minimising interference with the rights and preferences of the person, and
- relevant international obligations relating to the rights of older people under United Nations human rights conventions to which Australia is a party.
REFER to the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) for inquiry and report, pursuant to subsection 20(1) of the Australian Law Reform Commission Act 1996 (Cth), the consideration of:
- existing Commonwealth laws and frameworks which seek to safeguard and protect older persons from misuse or abuse by formal and informal carers, supporters, representatives and others. These should include, but not be limited to, regulation of:
- financial institutions
- social security
- living and care arrangements, and
- the interaction and relationship of these laws with state and territory laws.
Scope of the reference
In undertaking this reference, the ALRC should identify and model best-practice legal frameworks. The ALRC should also have regard to other inquiries and reviews that it considers relevant, including:
- the recommendations of ALRC Report 124, Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws (2014)
- the recommendations of the Senate Standing Committee on Community Affairs report on violence, abuse and neglect against people with disability (2015), and
- the recommendations of the Commonwealth House of Representatives report, Older People and the Law (2007).
In conducting this inquiry, the ALRC should specifically consider best practice laws, as well as legal frameworks including, but not limited, to the National Disability Insurance Scheme and the Aged Care framework, which:
- promote and support older people's ability to participate equally in their community and access services and advice
- protect against misuse or advantage taken of informal and formal supporter or representative roles, including:
- formal appointment of supporters or representatives
- informal appointment of support and representative roles (eg family members)
- prevention of abuse
- mitigation of abuse
- reporting of abuse
- remedies for abuse
- penalties for abuse, and
- provide specific protections against elder abuse.
Collaboration and consultation
In undertaking this reference, the ALRC should identify and consult relevant stakeholders, including Commonwealth departments and agencies, state and territory governments, key non-government stakeholders, including advocacy and policy organisations and service providers, the Age Discrimination Commissioner and the Aged Care Complaints Commissioner.
The ALRC should provide its report to the Attorney-General by May 2017.


Human Intruder Detection (HIDS)
Monitoring the baggage system at the airside/landside boundary to prevent unauthorised or accidental intrusion thus creating a secure airside zone.
The landside/airside boundary is meant to be a barrier that prevents unauthorised people being where they shouldn't however due to the way an airport operates there must be holes in that boundary to allow or people or bags to travel back and forth. Whilst personnel access can be easily monitored/controlled the challenge with baggage handling is identifying human intrusion whilst allowing bag movement without false alarming.
Using an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based belt monitoring system is a new way to tackle the problem of human (and child) intrusion through the baggage system.
With machine learning algorithms at the heart of the solution, and using multiple technologies, the system has been taught the difference between bags and humans and over time the system continues to learn the difference between what is a bag and what is a human, getting more and more accurate.
This means that it is not affected by any of the problems associated with just thermal based systems such as hot bags causing false alarms and needing regular recalibration or light curtain based systems which won't detect a human attached to a bag or underneath a bag. The system can also be applied to detect other anomalies within the baggage system such as bags left lying around, multiple bags in a single tray or bags falling off trays from tilt tray sorters.
The system is easily deployed to cover the baggage system using off the shelf components and architecture. As with other Saconsys solutions we believe that in order to maintain uptime and control costs we teach and support the airport to maintain the equipment – this means no costly maintenance contracts or waiting for engineers to attend site.
The system is also scalable meaning that you can add as you go along rather than having to make a large investment on day one.
Get in Touch
0208 _PHONE_
450 Bath Road Longford Middlesex UB7 0EB


text:
Cited by Lee Sonogan
Abstract by Zeynab Samei &Mahdi Jalili
Recently multilayer networks are introduced to model real systems. In these models the individuals make connection in multiple layers. Transportation networks, biological systems and social networks are some examples of multilayer networks. There are various link prediction algorithms for single-layer networks and some of them have been recently extended to multilayer networks. In this manuscript, we propose a new link prediction algorithm for multiplex networks using two novel similarity metrics based on the hyperbolic distance of node pairs. We use the proposed methods to predict spurious and missing links in multiplex networks. Missing links are those links that may appear in the future evolution of the network, while spurious links are the existing connections that are unlikely to appear if the network is evolving normally. One may interpret spurious links as abnormal links in the network. We apply the proposed algorithm on real-world multiplex networks and the numerical simulations reveal its superiority than the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Publication: Scientific Reports (Peer-Reviewed Journal)
Pub Date: 30 Aug 2019 Doi: _URL_
Keywords: Applied mathematics, Computer science


text:
Network Analyzer Match-Up: E5071C vs E5080B
2020-02-11 | 5 min read
Recently, Keysight introduced the E5080B ENA vector network analyzer. It's easy to look at the specs and get lost in the numbers, but seeing a real-world example gives the numbers meaning. So, I ran a small test.
How do the E5071C and the E5080B network analyzers perform measuring the same device with the same stimulus? In this head-to-head matchup I make simple S-parameter measurements on a bandpass filter with both instruments.
Looking at the specs, we can see the E5080B has better numbers on paper.
|Dynamic Range @ 10 GHz IFBW, 4 GHz||123 dB||140 dB|
|Trace Noise (dB rms), 4 GHz||0.003 (70 kHz IFBW)||0.0015 (10 kHz IFBW)|
|Cycle Time (2-p Cal, narrow span, 201 pts, typical)||5 ms (100 kHz IFBW)||2.2 ms (1 MHz IFBW)|
|IF Bandwidth||10 Hz to 1.5 MHz||1 Hz to 15 MHz|
But how do the numbers affect performance in the real world? Is the E5080B better or are legacy systems still good enough?
I did a hands-on comparison to answer these questions. I swept frequency on a bandpass filter to get S11 and S21 responses. Here are the measurement parameters I used:
- Start Frequency: 8 GHz
- Stop Frequency: 12.5 GHz
- IF Bandwidth: 1 kHz
- Number of Points: 201 Points
On the E5071C, the noise floor for this measurement was at about -85 dB. Using the same stimulus and filter, the E5080B had a noise floor of about -95 dB.
But what if we take it a step further, and bump the IF bandwidth from 1 kHz to 100 kHz? If time is crucial for your measurements, a bigger IF bandwidth provides the speed you need. Now, we're taking our measurement 100 times faster.
On the E5080B, the new noise floor with the wider IF bandwidth is -80 dB. This is close to where the E5071C was with a 1 kHz IF bandwidth.
Changing the IF bandwidth to 100 kHz on the E5071C gives us a much higher noise floor — about -60 dB.
This quick test shows us that the improvements to the E5080B's dynamic range and trace noise make a significant difference on even a basic measurement. If speed is important to you, the flexibility to use a wider IF bandwidth and a faster cycle time give the E5080B a strong advantage in simple S-parameter measurements.
Beyond S-parameters, the E5080B truly shines. Featuring the same firmware as the high-end PNA series network analyzers, the E5080B supports applications for spectrum analysis, pulsed measurements, noise figure measurements, and more. As you can also see in the comparison video, the updated E5080B user interface adds some quality-of-life improvements like the quick setup wizard, making measurement setup fast and simple.
Modern RF devices often require more than just S-parameters, so you need a flexible and integrated network analyzer to keep up with tomorrow's challenges. The white paper below describes more ways the E5080B improves your workflow with intuitive applications for advanced measurements.


text:
"Vibro Acoustic Optimization"
CDH/VAO is an intuitive Interactive Computational Engineering Tool for largeproblem structural dynamics analysis. CDH/VAO enables engineers working in the virtual product development process to provide fast and reliable solutions to design engineering and test department problems.
Using CDH/VAO users are quickly able to study the structural effects of proposed design changes and to automatically predict a set design modifications to provide optimum dynamic behavior of the structural system. Using the Adaptive Modal Correction Method computational savings of factor 25 to 120 have been demonstrated compared to conventional modal analysis.
CDH/VAO uses standard NASTRAN or PERMAS finite element models and the eigenvalues and eigenvectors calculated for the baseline structure to perform a wide range of structural dynamics analyses. Where the structure is coupled to a fluid, fluid eigenvectors are used to assemble the appropriate equations of the coupled system. CDH/VAO uses the advanced state of the art numerical solver algorithms available in MATLAB.
Using the imported FEM model and result data following definitions and interactive modifications can be carried out by users to study effects of material and design changes:
2.1 Model Definition:
- Fluid properties
- Excitation (harmonic or enforced motion)
- Damping (no damping, structure damping, viscous damping)
2.2 Definition and Modification of sub-model properties:
- Material properties
- Density, Young's modulus, Non structural mass, Torsional stiffness
- Structural damping - Absorption
2.3 Geometry modification of sub-models using in-situ technology:
- Interactively create or modify swages, beads and holes, etc. using the VAO-Viewer
- Import new FEM geometry design (sub-model) from FEM Pre-Processor
- Allow the user to quickly determine the approximate effects of local stiffing of a particular plate modification on NVH performance
- Requirement for a completely new modes calculation after a local geometric shape modification may be eliminated
With integrated analysis and optimization features, the CDH/VAO Software is a unique platform for computational engineers to investigate and optimize the sound & vibration performance of vehicle structures. CDH/VAO combines various analysis and optimization capabilities which required in the past the utilization of several commercial FEM software solutions. The combination of rich analysis capabilities and the opportunity to obtain immediate results of re-analysis from user modifications represents a new dimension in interactive computational engineering.
CDH/VAO offers a wide range of analysis capabilities for coupled (fluid and structure) and uncoupled operations to perform:
Fast Frequency Response Analysis using Modal Correction Method Energy Analysis:
- complex strain and kinetic energy analysis
- equivalent radiated power (ERP)
- acoustic panel contribution analysis
- acoustic and tactile response
- direct FFT analysis
- support of non-linear elements (e.g. shock absorbers)
- import of Nastran TLOAD card data (time domain)
- Combination of transient analysis with all other CDH/VAO analysis features for fast-reanalysis of full system
CDH/VAO supports the stochastic paradigm by providing a range of powerful capabilities for the analysis of uncertain structures. Stochastic simulation is being increasingly applied in the automobile industry in order to obtain robust solutions to design problems in which uncertain design parameters are important. The effects of production tolerances and variation in materials and components can be accounted for in CDH/VAO dynamics analysis leading to an enhanced prediction of actual peformance.
CDH/VAO supports the engineer with state of the art stochastic analysis features:
- probabilistic/possibilistic analysis
- Monte Carlo analysis using uniform, Gaussian or user-supplied distributions
- first order variation method (FOVM)
- first order reliability method (FORM) with robust G function
- stochastic optimization
In design optimization numerical algorithms are utilized to achieve optimum structural responses while maintaining constraints on total structural mass etc. Design variables related to structural sub-model parameters can be defined in CDH/VAO, along with targets for performance. The design variables can then be adjusted automatically in the optimization algorithm to achieve desired targets. A unique feature in CDH/VAO allows the user to define special stochastic quantities as variables. These variables can then be used in the formulation of target functions and allow trade off studies between quality cost and performance.
Following numerical optimization algorithms are support in CDH/VAO:
· Design Optimization by the Mean Method
· Stochastic Optimization for Robust Analysis by the Beta Method
Rich interactive post-processor features in CDH/VAO allow the user to generate quality graphical output for analysis result quantities. Additionally, graphics formats are available for reports and presentations. All x-y plot ouput may be manipulated using familiar MATLAB plotting features such as zoom and rescale etc.
Post Processing Features:
- Virtual-SAE Tools
- structural and acoustic modal participation factors
- structural and acoustic mode shapes
- damped operational shapes
- XY-Plots for FRF results
- RMS contours
- ASCII – export
- support for universal file exchange
- acoustic panel participation factors
- output to GNS ANIMATOR 4 and T-Systems MEDINA and other Preand Post-Processors
Benchmark example to evaluate effort and efficiency of CAE process:
Task: Modification of body floor to adapt new swaging design following reassessment of NVH performance
|MATHWORKS MATLAB R2013a||HP (HP-UX)||
Red Hat or SUSE Linux 64


7 humungous sea creatures
Here are the most unbelievably gigantic sea creatures that exist in the deep blue oceans that is hard to fathom.
Photo source: _URL_
Photo source: io9.com
1.Mane Jellyfish – The world's longest animal in the ocean is the lion's mane jellyfish. It tops the list of the longest animal because of its really long tentacles which can measure way beyond. The the longest known specimen under this specie stretched to a whooping 120 feet in length.


text:
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
Volume 32 (2002), Issue 12, Pages 707-720
Transitivity in uniform approach theory
1Department of Mathematics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
2Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, RUCA, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
Received 26 February 2002
Copyright © 2002 Y. J. Lee and B. Windels. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
We introduce a notion of transitivity for approach uniformities and approach uniform convergence spaces, yielding reflective subconstructs of
and. Further, we investigate how these new categories are related to,, and, and we show that these relationships are similar to those in the classical case.


text:
Learning and waiting
From the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, I'm Ira Dreyfuss with HHS HealthBeat.
Forming a family happens with some people later than with others. At the National Center for Family and Marriage Research at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, researchers say people with at least a bachelor's degree were least likely to form a family before age 25, and those with a high school equivalency diploma were most likely.
Researcher Susan Brown:
''Clearly, education appears to have a significant effect on family formation experiences, slowing down that process of either forming a union or having a birth.'' (10 seconds)
The researchers expect more delays, partly because people often don't want to marry until they are economically set.
The study was supported by HHS' Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation.
Learn more at hhs.gov.
HHS HealthBeat is a production of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. I'm Ira Dreyfuss.
Last revised: February 1, 2012


/
How to become a Quarry Engineer
quarry engineer careers
What does a Quarry Engineer do?
Quarrying involves the safe extraction of minerals such as limestone, sandstone, slate or gravel. Most quarrying involves the use of explosives and heavy machinery.
Quarry engineers are qualified engineers who are involved in the organisation and planning of quarrying operations. They may also be involved in related activities such as road surfacing and the manufacture and preparation of concrete.
Environmental management, negotiating contracts, administration and other management duties can all be included in the work.
What's the working environment like working as a Quarry Engineer?
Working hours may vary, and may include evenings and weekends.
The working conditions are usually dusty and often noisy. Quarry engineers will be expected to work outdoors in all conditions.
What does it take to become a Quarry Engineer?
To be a quarry engineers you should:
 - have ability in physics and mathematics
 - have a logical mind, and be capable of using analytical and mathematical methods to solve problems and decide on the safest and most efficient quarrying methods
 - be vigilant and have an awareness of health and safety issues
 - have an interest in the environment
 - have knowledge of machinery, and be capable of understanding technical drawings and plans
 - have good communication skills are essential
 - be physically fit.
Quarry Engineer Career Opportunities
Further information
If you would like to know anything about Quarry Engineer that does not appear on Hotcourses, further information can be found below.
Institute of Quarrying
7 Regent Street
Nottingham
NG1 5BS
Tel: 0115 _PHONE_
_URL_
Facts and Stats:
 - Isambard Kingdom Brunel was only 5ft tall and wore a top hat to make himself look taller
 - Engineering generates more than 40 per cent of the UK¿s national wealth
 - The Box Hill tunnel, part of Brunel¿s Great Western Railway, took five years to dig and at two miles long was the longest tunnel in the world at the time
Find Quarrying courses near you
Courses to help you become a Quarry Engineer


The Symbology of My Avatar
The definition of duality at is "The quality or character of being twofold; dichotomy" (from The American Heritage Dictionary). The other definition relates to mathematics, "a symmetry within a mathematical system such that a theorem remains valid if certain objects, relations, or operations are interchanged, as the interchange of points and lines in a plane in projective geometry". The other most commonly recited reference is to quantum mechanics in the "wave-particle duality".
Yin-YanNow let's relate this back to Yin-Yan being the ultimate expression of the feminine and masculine principles. Male and female represent the ultimate dichotomy (the division into two mutually exclusive, opposed, or contradictory groups) because what appears more mutually exclusive than the female and male bodies? The mathematics application may be more of a stretch for some but for those that study and use energy understand that everybody has within them female and male energies, sort of like the -/+ of electricity which allows it to flow within the body and that these can be exchanged. Thinking is a male oriented energy and emotion is a female oriented energy; the human body contains the capacity for both. It's the quantum mechanics wave-particle duality that for me gets to the crux of the matter. This was discovered initially with light. One experiment showed that light contained particles such as when someone breaks a beam to open/close a door, trip an alarm, etc. Another experiment demonstrated that light is a wave. What was eventually discovered was that light contained both properties and depending on how you measured it would determine which property would come forth. Therefore light is both wave and particle simultaneously. It is its own dichotomy!!! The same applies to the Yin-Yan principle which is why the two colors are shown slightly intertwined. The black dot on the white side and white dot on the black side represent that one cannot exist without the other as they are just opposites of the same things or as in the wave-particle duality they are their own dichotomy.
This may be hard to see when you only think of the female and male bodies but this symbol represents more than that as it represents the feminine and masculine principles or energies to all things. Without tall there cannot be short. Without dark there cannot be light. Without fat there cannot be skinny. The opposite of one thing must exist in order to even discuss the other. So the dots in the Yin-Yan are there to remind you of this. There is a phrase in the Conversation with God books that states it somewhat eloquently, "In the absence of That Which Is, That Which Is Not, is not."
Whew!! All of that just to explain my avatar?!? Yes, because it all started with the Yin-Yan plus I so rarely hear anyone talk about it with any real understanding of it. My intention is to assure that you have an understanding of it as close as possible to how I understand it. Many will say it's Good vs. Evil or Light vs. Dark but it is so much more than that because I have come to see it as a foundational principle in understanding the core of, at the very least, perceived reality. So in actuality, duality only appears mutually exclusive but essentially at the core they are mutually inclusive because true opposites require each other in order to exist. I can only know I'm here because you are there and vice versa. Therefore in order to discuss the concept of space, both here and there must be included in the concept or essentially space, as we know it, cannot exist.
As my awareness continued to expand, so did my grasp of it from which duality moved into triality which by the way is only used in mathematics. The spiritual use of this term is called trinity and again I saw this as a base fundamental for all expressions of life. I'm just going to jump to the end with this; essentially the triality is the duality expressed. Remember that technically I said that true opposites are mutually inclusive. Their extreme purity requires at least the concept of the opposite to be always prevalent. If I'm standing in pitch blackness to the point I cannot see my hand in front of me, I only know that because I have an awareness of "lightness", even though there is no light currently available. Therefore Life Expressed is an interplay of opposites. Using the symbology of the traditional Yin-Yan, then this would equate to Black, White, and Grey being the combination of the two representing the interplay between these opposite colors.
CHINOnce I fully realized this, the traditional Yin-Yan was no longer sufficient as an individual symbol that expressed my understanding of the base elements of perceived reality. My original concept was to just add another "comma" so to speak to the traditional Yin-Yan intertwined "commas". Many years ago, long before programs like Photo Shop, etc were readily available, I worked with clip art in order to create various symbolic expressions of what I was coming to understand about life, the universe, and everything (an homage to Douglas Adams). I eventually purchased a library of 250,000 images and one day while going through the religious section looking for some symbols, I stumbled across exactly what I was looking for except it had way too much other stuff in it. I broke it apart and started to assemble my triple Yin-Yan but as creative inspiration would have it I couldn't just stop at the three "commas". First I had the white and black dots in their respective traditional places but how should I express that in the grey area? Then it hit me. For the dots in the black and white areas I put the traditional Yin-Yan without the dots, just as black/white "commas" but then in the grey area I put the full blown traditional Yin-Yan symbol.
The final symbology was that although white requires black in order to exist, it can deny that existence or even doesn't have to know about it, but that doesn't stop the fact that it's opposite must still exit. The grey area has the full blown Yin-Yan with the dots because it is the interplay of these polar and apparent mutually exclusive opposites but at the same time is the blending of them and therefore must have an awareness of them on some level. So this in essence then better symbolizes Life Expressed and the variances that ensue because of their extreme variations in this interplay which would be expressed as multitudinous versions or expressions of grey while at the same time never forgetting what drives it all forward in the first place; the mutually inclusive polarities.
Yin-Yang-YuanAddendum (3-Dec-2009): While browsing for various Yin-Yan images I happened to stumble upon a triple version and found out it is called Yin-Yang Yuan. The basic explanation I found at Sequoia Ministry which referred to it as the Triality Symbol and represents the Feminine, Masculine, and "basically the Void, the Unseen, or the Nothing-There in which the elements of yin and yang play out their constant drama". This is in essence what I had said but used the word "interplay" instead of Void. Void seems so mysterious and removed from perceived reality making it almost untouchable or out of immediate grasp. From my observations as an energy intuitive, it is everywhere but you have to be able to sense energy first. So for those who haven't learned how to do this, then it would end up in the realm of the mysterious and appear to be a void as in unexplicable. Sequoia Ministry also says, it "has been used as a Transgender symbol to indicate three sexes." See the full Sequoia Ministry explanation here. This is also substantiated when doing a search for Yin-Yang Yuan images, the majority of which refer on some level to transgender.
Wikipedia Commons appears to have this image in non traditional colors from 2006. This image is also used in an article titled "The Yin-Yang-Yuan Triality" by Bob Jacobson published on April 28, 2007 at Bob states that he found it on Google images and a fellow member's inquiry to its meaning prompted him to investigate it further. He lists the source as Wikipedia Commons and the creator as Paradox saying it was inspired by the creator's transgender identity of which Bob says is not his take on the meaning of this symbol (This may be the origin of its current popular use as a transgender symbol). Bob then goes on with definitions eventually coming to the same conclusion as Sequoia Ministry using basically the same words indicating that both may are using external references as the source of the meaning and not so much from their own internal wisdom. At the end of his response, Bob states he didn't know anything about "the pretty picture I put on my profile". Somehow it spoke to him and from there he sought out its meaning when asked to explain it. To me this indicates that the true nature of the Yin-Yang Yuan is inherently at our core as the foundation of perceived reality.
There is also a site called UNITI (United National Initiative Towards Improvement) which uses it's own version of this symbol of which they put a variation in the grey area. They give a small explanation of what it means but for me it's more like when I hear others say what the traditional Yin-Yan means which is correct but from my experience there's so much more to it. They then have their own customized version as their insignia which you can find here.
Yin-Yang Yuan @ Google Images
Yin-Yang Yuan @ Wikipedia Commons


text:
Numerical predictions of sand erosion in a choke valve
Two-phase turbulent flow of crude oil and sand in a choke valve is analysed in the present article using 3D computational fluid dynamics simulations. The discrete phase mathematical model is used to simulate the sand flow and its interaction with the oil flow in the system. Parametric study is done to identify the governing parameters to minimize the sand erosion in the system. The valve geometry and dimensions are taken from an industrial oil production project. The parameter considered in the present study are the percentage valve opening, flow rate of the sand and the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet pipes. The simulation results are presented to show the erosion rate variation with the valve opening, sand flow rate and the pressure difference. It is found that the erosion rate is high for small valve opening as well as large valve opening. Minimum erosion rate is found when the valve opening is between 20-30% for all the cases with various pressure differences. Locations of maximum erosion rate are predicted in the simulations.
Copyright (c) 2018 UMP Publisher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


Continuation
When Canva sends an HTTP request to endpoints, it limits the number of resources that can be included in the response. For example, when Canva sends a request to the /content/resources/find endpoint, the endpoint must respond with 100 or fewer resources.
If an extension needs to respond with more resources than this limit allows, it can use continuation to deliver the resources across multiple requests and responses.
This topic explains what continuation is and how to support it.
Any endpoint that returns a list of resources can support continuation, including:
If an endpoint supports continuation, it can include a continuation property in the response body:
{
"type": "SUCCESS",
"resources": [],
"continuation": "<continuation_token>"
}
This property must contain a continuation token. A continuation token is a string of characters that, when passed back to the server, identifies how to return the next logical batch of resources. It can be as simple as a page number or a complex string that encodes more information.
The presence of the continuation property tells Canva to send another request to the endpoint when more resources are required, such as when a user scrolls through content in a content extension.
The subsequent request that Canva sends has a continuation property in the request body. This property contains the continuation token from the previous response:
{
"limit": 100,
"user": "<user>",
"brand": "<brand>",
"label": "<label>",
"locale": "<locale>",
"type": "<type>",
"continuation": "<continuation_token>"
}
The endpoint can use the token to respond with the relevant resources. For example, if the continuation property contains a value of "2", the endpoint can identify and return the resources that belong to that page.
When there are no more resources to retrieve, the endpoint can set the continuation property in the response body to null:
{
"type": "SUCCESS",
"resources": [],
"continuation": null
}
This tells Canva to stop sending additional requests to the endpoint.
To learn how to add continuation to an extension, see the following guides:


text:
The number of grants offered through the Pet Care Trust (PCT) to classrooms around the nation has more than doubled since August 2011, says the organization's executive director, Steve King. The program is offered through Pets in the Classroom, PCT's education arm, which aims to foster healthy pet-child relationships in students in elementary and middle school. King credits the program's huge growth to a new partnership with Petco and Petsmart, which now advertise the program in their stores. "Our goal is to reach 1 million students in 30,000 classrooms," says King.
The program aims to allow students with no exposure to animals or nature in their home to make connections with the world of animals. According to PCT, caring for animals instills a sense of responsibility and respect for life, brings increased sensitivity, and fosters a sense that all living things need more than just food and water for survival. According to King, pets add to the curriculum as students learn about their background and natural habitat. Moreover, teachers have told King that pets loosen tension in the classroom and improve attendance rates and classroom discipline. In 2011, the program awarded more than 7,000 grants of up to $150 to eligible teachers for purchasing classroom pets.
As the program grows, King says the foundation will be building resources for teachers who would like lesson plans to incorporate their pets into their classrooms. To seek a grant through PCT, visit _URL_.


text:
Spreeman Piano Innovations makes Ravenscroft pianos. There are two models, a 220cm one and a 275cm one. It turns out that these pianos contain a lot of Sauter DNA. The Ravenscroft Model 220 is the equivalent of the Sauter Omega 220, and the Ravenscroft Model 275 is the equivalent of the Sauter Concert 275.
Sauter supplies the the finished rim assembly with the keybed, lyre legs, pedal work and all hardware. They also supply the action, hammers and keyboard, the finished plate and the raw Ciresa soundboard sheet. Spreeman does all work on the soundboard, produces the bridges, ribs etc. The Ravenscroft action geometry is different and there are slight string scale changes.
Ulrich Sauter says that there are some minor differences in terms of voice (and touch), especially since the soundboard has a Steinway "belly rail", which Sauter does not have (nor believe in). But all in all the general Sauter "sound character" is still there. He goes on to say that this proves that the string scale is mainly responsible for the sound of a piano.