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|Deformation of Cell Passing through Micro Slit between Micro Ridges Fabricated by Photolithography Technique|
Yusuke Takahashi, Shigehiro Hashimoto, Atsushi Mizoi, Haruka Hino
A micro slit has been designed between micro ridges, and deformation of a biological cell passing through the micro slit has been observed in vitro. The slit, of which the width is 0.87 mm and the height is 0.010 mm, has been made between the micro ridges on the transparent polydimethylsiloxane disk and on the glass disk by the photolithography technique. The slit is placed at the middle part of a flow channel. Four kinds of cells were used in the experiment: C2C12 (mouse myoblast cells), HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells), Hepa1-6 (mouse hepatoma cells), and Neuro-2a (mouse neural crest-derived cells). The suspension of each kind of cells was introduced to the slits. The deformation of cells passing through the micro slit was observed with an inverted phase-contrast microscope. The experimental results show that cells deform to the flat circular disk and pass through the micro slit of 0.010 mm height. The deformation ratio, the passing velocity, and the shape index of cells through the slit were evaluated: Hepa1-6 is deformed with the increase of the passing velocity, and HUVEC elongates along the flow. The designed slit between micro ridges has capability to evaluate the deformability of cells.
Empowering Teachers to Raise Career Awareness in Computing: Lessons Learned
Giti Javidi, Ehsan Sheybani
Students' attitudes towards Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) has been a topic of enduring interest in the field of STEM education over the past decade – but why? After all, there is no sense in which people are concerned about students' attitudes towards the learning of English or history. So what drives the interest in these topics? Previous research has suggested a relationship between teachers' and students' attitudes towards a subject area. In order to increase student representation in STEM, we need teachers who have positive attitudes and can serve as role models to encourage their students to pursue STEM careers. In this paper we argue that in order to engage students' interest in the technical career paths, we must start with inspiring and training teachers to instill such interest in their students at early age. We present our experiences and outcomes from a teacher training program. Through the training, we were able to help teachers explore ways to incorporate programming into their curriculum, gain STEM career awareness and develop an understanding of importance of soft skills in STEM. The results show that teachers were able to gain confidence in incorporating their subject matter into Scratch-based classroom activities and teaching this material in a classroom setting and gain a better understanding of careers in STEM.
Tutorial Continuing Education: Innovative Strategy in a Tertiary Specialized Health Unit
Flaviana Maciel, Mariana Acioly, Viviane Fragoso, Thalita Santos, Carolina Martins
Hospital Pelopidas Silveira-IMIP/SES/SUS is a tertiary-unit, specialized in cardiology, neurology, neurosurgery and interventional radiology. It is the only hospital of Brazilian Public-Health-System (SUS) with this profile and a 24h-acute-cardio/neurovascular facility. Challenges of Continuing-Education include a) guaranteeing appropriate level of basic knowledge, b) empowering clinical staff to remain up to date in current knowledge. HPS Continuing-Education Program is based on three branches: a) Classroom-Tutorials (CT), b) Online-Tutorials at "Pelopidas Digital" Virtual-Teaching-Platform (PD-VTP) and c) Daily-Practice Evaluation (DPE). This paper presents logistic details of HPS Continuing-Education Program. Training team coordinates tutorial meetings and performs continuous statistical analysis. Evaluation team visit hospital departments daily, observing in practice the incorporation of information provided, and retraining individuals in their work scenarios. Both teams perform curriculum development, meeting planning and creation of digital-training-modules. Tutorial meetings have pre/post-tests, allowing monitoring of attendance, topic significance and short-term retention. Tutorial groups are formed by 6-12 employees sharing similarities in training needs. CT is offered to 4 groups-of-interest: a) nurses, b) nursing assistants, c) administrative staff, porters, drivers, d) cleaning, laundry and security staff. Problematization and active strategies have resulted into an attractive, structured educational program customized to produce short-term results. The strategy is of interest to institutions sharing similar challenges.
Flipped Science Inquiry@Crescent Girls' School
Peishi Goh, Azrina Wan, Deepa Patel, Linda Shear
This study shares the findings of a school-based Action
Research project to explore how inquiry-based science practical
lessons designed using the Flipped Science Inquiry@CGS
classroom pedagogical model influence the way students learn
scientific knowledge and also students' development of 21st
century competencies, in particular, in the area of Knowledge
Taking on a broader definition of the flipped classroom
pedagogical model, the Flipped Science Inquiry@CGS
framework adopts a structure that inverted the traditional
science learning experience. Scientific knowledge is constructed
through discussions with their peers, making use of their prior
knowledge and their experiences while engaging in hands-on
Through the study, it is found that with the use of the Flipped
Science Inquiry@CGS framework, learning experiences that are
better aligned to the epistemology of science while developing
21st century competencies in students are created.
"Real Language": Combining Intermediate Spanish Language Learners and ESOL/Native Speakers for Vernacular Language Acquisition
This paper addresses the possibilities of combining Spanish language learners and English language learners in high school and post-secondary institutions for mutual benefit to learn authentic language. Academic or "classroom" Spanish is insufficient to empower students for today's workplace. The concept behind "Real Language" is illustrated by an example of an interdisciplinary activity to facilitate communicative interaction in genuine language and promote cultural understanding between intermediate Spanish students and ESOL/native speakers at the high school and post-secondary level. Students are asked to utilize their life skills in interactive, freestyle conversation without the intervention of an instructor. The learning space for language exchange is an out-of-class venue for a non-intimidating, more authentic setting. This simple qualitative study investigates the potential value of this sort of interdisciplinary activity. The intent is to evaluate attitudes of the participants in relation to confidence in their ability to use the target language, and their willingness to use it in social and professional environments and, in addition, to facilitate cultural understanding. The positive result of the project is validated by the voice of the student participants as they reflect on their experience in "Real Language". Could this concept facilitate evolving strategies for interdisciplinary contemporary foreign language learning?
Automatic Tagging as a Support Strategy for Creating Knowledge Maps
Leonardo Moura De Araújo, Doris Cáliz Ramos
Graph organizers are powerful tools for both structuring and
transmitting knowledge. Because of their unique characteristics,
these organizers are valuable for cultural institutions, which
own large amounts of information assets and need to constantly
make sense of them. On one hand, graph organizers are tools
for connecting numerous chunks of data. On the other hand,
because they are visual media, they offer a bird's-eye view
perspective on complexity, which is digestible to the human
eye. They are effective tools for information synthesis, and are
capable of providing valuable insights on data. Information
synthesis is essential for Heritage Interpretation, since
institutions depend on constant generation of new content to
preserve relevance among their audiences. While Mind Maps
are simpler to be structured and comprehended, Knowledge
Maps offer challenges that require new methods to minimize
the difficulties encountered during their assembly. This paper
presents strategies based on manual and automatic tagging as an
answer to this problem. In addition, we describe the results of a
usability test and qualitative analysis performed to compare the
workflows employed to construct both Mind Maps and
Knowledge Maps. Furthermore, we also talk about how well
concepts can be communicated through the visual
representation of trees and networks. Depending on the
employed method, different results can be achieved, because of
their unique topological characteristics. Our findings suggest
that automatic tagging supports and accelerates the construction
The Pariah in Contemporary Society: A Black Sheep or a Prodigal Child? (Invited Paper)
About the book written by Marcienne Martin, The Pariah in Contemporary Society: A Black Sheep or a Prodigal Child?, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017, 145 p.
Be the ugly duckling in a family, the head of a Turk in a group, or the pariah in a society, amounts to living in marked and implicit difference, in indifference, even in cruelty.
The research which this book is dedicated to articulates the concept of the "pariah," and it is through the various filters presented above that we will proceed to its analysis. Besides these, we will try to study the notion of the "pariah" using the different strata that make up human society, such as wonderful tales and literature. We will also present the perception of lexicologists and psychologists, because behind the word there is the object, which is apprehended differently by the human psyche because it is included in value systems varying from one sociocultural group to another. Even though the project is ambitious, it cannot cover this notion entirely because a large number of questions emerge from it. This amounts to opening a Pandora's Box dedicated to this status constructed by human beings


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A Finite Difference Scheme for Double-Diffusive Unsteady Free Convection from a Curved Surface to a Saturated Porous Medium with a Non-Newtonian Fluid
KAUST DepartmentPhysical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division
Permanent link to this recordhttp://hdl.handle.net/10754/552553
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractIn this paper, a finite difference scheme is developed to solve the unsteady problem of combined heat and mass transfer from an isothermal curved surface to a porous medium saturated by a non-Newtonian fluid. The curved surface is kept at constant temperature and the power-law model is used to model the non-Newtonian fluid. The explicit finite difference method is used to solve simultaneously the equations of momentum, energy and concentration. The consistency of the explicit scheme is examined and the stability conditions are determined for each equation. Boundary layer and Boussinesq approximations have been incorporated. Numerical calculations are carried out for the various parameters entering into the problem. Velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are shown graphically. It is found that as time approaches infinity, the values of wall shear, heat transfer coefficient and concentration gradient at the wall, which are entered in tables, approach the steady state values.
CitationA Finite Difference Scheme for Double-Diffusive Unsteady Free Convection from a Curved Surface to a Saturated Porous Medium with a Non-Newtonian Fluid 2011, 4:948 Procedia Computer Science
JournalProcedia Computer Science
Conference/Event name11th International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2011

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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MADRID.- The Museo de Arte Contemporáneo
in Madrid opened an exhibition showing how Bartolomé Ross camera portrayed the everyday life of soldiers in the Spanish protectorate of Morocco as well as visits of Alfonso XIII to the colony and meetings between Franco and Millán Astray.
The exhibition offers a look into an agitated period of Spanish history exposed with meticulous formality and documentary responsibility.
Bartolomés Ross photographic legacy covers the historical period that started in the final days of the Moroccan War and the beginning of Primo de Riveras dictatorship, which ended this conflict. His camera recorded the visits of famous figures to the Spanish Protectorate and the meetings between Franco and Millán Astray, founder of the Spanish Foreign Legion. Ros also witnessed the moments prior to the Spanish armys uprising against the Second Republic.
His account of that period captured moments of great historical value but also included scenes from the daily life of anonymous soldiers, who are depicted with an exquisite formal meticulousness and the documentary responsibility that characterised the European photographers of his era. This exhibition highlights the refined personality of his photographic oeuvre and the gaze of a man with liberal convictions who lived through the most tumultuous times in the history of twentieth-century Spain.
Bartolomé Ros (_PHONE_) was born in Cartagena but lived in Ceuta from 1918 until the mid-1950s. It was there that he learned photography and began to document civil and military society. Ros worked for the army photographing military acts and facilities, an activity that he supplemented by contributing to newspapers and magazines such as ABC, Mundo Gráfico and Blanco y Negro. He published a famous photo essay on Spain in the American edition of National Geographic. In the 1930s, he founded Laboratorios Ros, a pioneering company in the distribution and processing of photographic supplies.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Research and Evaluation Methodology mission aligns with College of Education's and University of Florida's missions because it results in research strategies for knowledge discovery to solve critical educational and human problems in a diverse global community.
- Learn to evaluate educational programs, analyze educational data, develop assessment instruments, and conduct research about the efficacy of research methodologies.
- Work as an educational researcher, an educational data analyst, or a psychometrician (an expert in testing and assessment).
- Find jobs in testing companies; research and evaluation companies; research centers; and assessment centers at universities, school districts, and state and federal agencies.
- Complete a master's degree (M.A.E. or M.Ed.) in two years or a Ph.D. in four years with classes focusing on research methodology, statistics applied to education, program evaluation, and psychometrics.
- We admit students with some undergraduate research experience. Our students come from a variety of backgrounds, including psychology, sociology, statistics, mathematics, mathematics education, political science, marketing, economics, and engineering.
- Assessment in General and Exceptional Student Education
- Educational Psychology: Human Development
- Educational Psychology: General
- Educational Psychology: Learning Theory
- Principles of Learning and Instructional Practice
- Educational Psychology: Personality Dynamics
- Quantitative Foundations of Education Research Overview
- Educational Statistics
- 24 months
Start dates & application deadlines
- Apply before, Local
- It is strongly advised that international students apply at least 6 months before the date they intend to start the program.
DisciplinesEducation Psychology Educational Research View 1223 other Masters in Psychology in United States
- A recognized baccalaureate, graduate or professional degree from a regionally accredited U.S. institution or a comparable degree from an international institution.
- For applicants with a bachelor's degree only, a minimum grade point average of B (3.0), calculated from all grades and credits after the semester where the applicant reached 60 semester hours or 90 quarter hours is required. Applicants should refer directly to their intended academic units for Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) requirements. If required, academic test scores are used in the context of a holistic credential review process.
International30134 USD/yearTuition FeeBased on the tuition of 30134 USD per year during 24 months.
National30134 USD/yearTuition FeeBased on the tuition of 30134 USD per year during 24 months.
In-State12740 USD/yearTuition FeeBased on the tuition of 12740 USD per year during 24 months.
Living costs for Gainesville
The living costs include the total expenses per month, covering accommodation, public transportation, utilities (electricity, internet), books and groceries.
Apply and win up to €10000 to cover your tuition fees.


the hand to cut and is usually available. In a pinch, I've used show card which is black foam core and usually abundant once the Grips have arrived.
How to be an Art Director or Production Designer
Most of the good Art Directors and Production Designers have a strong background in design. Architects have more respect, but may not be any better suited to AD/PD. I would suggest either Architecture or Interior Design as an education. In the real scheme of things, Set Design is more like Interior Design and there are more interior sets built and sets don't usually need to meet code which is more the responsibility of Architects.
Most AD/PD begin as a Set Designer, Illustrator, or Set Dresser. Very few people get a break and start as an Assistant Art Director or an Art Director or Production Designer after working as an Interior Designer (if you are very good and Interior Design a director's house) or some other design field. So you will need to select a starting place in which to learn the basics and even more important, meet people and prove that you can do the work.
There are classes in AD/PD and a few books.
So in summary, Interior Design would probably prepare your better, but you need to consider pursuing Set Design as a career first. Then learn all you can, put a portfolio together, gain lots of experience, then meet the right people.
If you found this useful, feel free to make a donation. With Hollywood anywhere except Hollywood, I can use the money.
Lesson 1 - Introduction
Lesson 2 - Basic Drawing
Lesson 3 -
Lesson 4 - Location Surveys
There aren't many jobs where I haven't needed to go out to location and do a location survey. Worse is when you are given a survey by the Art Director and told to do a Director Drawing of a location that you haven't seen yourself. Sometimes it's good to get out of the office, sometimes you'd rather stay in. I've surveyed in heat waves and rain storms. But someone has to do it and no one can do it better than the Set Designer who will do the drawings.
There are different types of location surveys. At one extreme, you go along with the tech scout and have 15 minutes to measure as much as you can and when you get back to the office you do a rough Director Drawings. Usually no one expects perfection on these. The other extreme is you have help and spend a lot of time getting every detail. You come back and draw an accurate drawing that can be used in making changes to the perfect location to make it more what the director wants or duplicate it on stage. There is a range in between. The third extreme is the above mentioned where the Art Director took 15 minutes during a scout and gives you data that is almost unusable.
Occasionally an Art Director will give you unusable data and expect a perfect drawing. In this case, you have only one option, pray. After that, see who else on the scout might have better data. Locations (the Location Department) often has better photos, sometimes on a private website for which they will give you the password. Usually construction sent two people (don't ask me why the Art Department can't) and they, knowing they might build something there, took good measurements. Often someone can provide you with existing drawings, such as builder drawings for a custom home or track drawings for a track home, facilities for a commercial building, or other drawings to help. Verify these, there have usually been changes since construction. If it's outside, try Google Earth or other sources. Maps can help with irregular shaped areas. If it's a private home, you may have a more difficult time. Remember, the boss is always right and if the boss gave you faulty data, it's still your responsibility to make a good drawing. "Garbage in, garbage out" is no excuse here. Set Designers are hired to work miracles. Art Directors often take photos of the locations, but are often too busy to pass them along and usually take closeups with no point of reference. I had one Art Director who insisted on taking low-res photos because it made for a smaller database. These were unusable. From a good high-res photo, I can tell which way the door swings by looking for hinges and knobs and stops.
The 30 mile limits is a circle within which, workers drive themselves. Beyond, they are bussed. Don't be surprised if you are asked to drive yourself outside the limit - log you miles and seek mileage reimbursement. You are sent out on an Art Department scout to survey. This is what to expect. Locations gave you the wrong directions, the person you were suppose to meet didn't show, they forgot to get permission to visit and security threatens to arrest you. These are some of the things that have happened to me. One Production Designer often scheduled for me to survey on the other side of town at rush hour and meet the locations representative in 30 minutes and is only telling me now, and I have to be there. I'm sorry but no one in production is going to pay for my speeding ticket and such, so I grab my survey tools which are always ready, run to the car, and drive as quickly within the speed limit and safely as I can so as not to be too late. Always have parking money. Keep a Thomas Guide and GPS handy. There usually isn't time to MapQuest because you have to be across town in 30 minutes and should have left an hour ago, but they just told you.
My locations survey bag has all sorts of stuff and weighs about 30 pounds. Some of the items are 100 foot tape, 50 foot tape, 40 foot tape, 35 foot tape, Picket Rod*, a collection of shorter tapes, extra tapes to lend to others on the scout who didn't bring one, cloth tape to measure the circumference of a round column, folding carpenter's rule (with every other section painted black on the back), pens of various colors, pencils and erasers, double head nails, sliding-T bevel gauge, protractor, profile copier, gloves, mask, correction fluid, flashlight, batteries, camera, water, studio molding catalog, clipboard, paper, communications device, and more. Maybe it weighs 35 pounds. I don't like the laser measurers. They have their uses, but I often find in a small area or a small building, I can
measure faster with a good 35 foot tape measure. The laser is often an expensive toy and I've seen others adjusting it while I'm measuring. They are no good for inside corners where there is nothing to bounce them off but great for long distances, high ceilings, or measuring across a body of water.
*Keson Pocket-Rod (PR-618). It fits in a case similar to a tape measure, but the entire tape is only about 6 feet long and is completely removed from the case and stood against a wall or surface. Every other foot is black. Place it in a photo for scaling from a photo.
Top to bottom: sliding-'T' bevel gauge, folding ruler with alternating black/white (each color is 6 inches), Keson Pocket-Rod (the rod comes completely out if needed).
A) 11x17 clipboard; B) Hat for exterior surveying on hot days; C) 8 1/2x11 clipboard; D) Seamstress tape measure; E) 16d double head nails; F) Box for small parts; G) Correction fluid in case you have time to use it; H) Water for drinking in the field and to use to find level; I) Collection of tape measures; J) Camera; K) Flash light; L) Sliding-T bevel gauge; M) Level; N) Profile comb; O) Carrying bag; P) Keson Pocket-Rod; Q) 50 foot tape; R) 100 foot tape; S) Push-pins; T) Collection of pens. There are other tools, laser measure, measuring wheels, protractor, and others, but this is what I use. I also carry an umbrella for sudden rain storms, it's hard to write on wet paper.
So you have 15 minutes during a tech scout and no help. First, sketch the room in simple lines which shouldn't take longer than 30 seconds, showing approximate corners and openings. This doesn't have to be perfect, hopefully the numbers will make it work out. I take an overall measurement in three directions - don't forget the ceiling height. I stand in each corner and photograph the opposite corner. If the room is long and narrow, I'll stand at each end and shoot the length as well. If this is all I get, I can come reasonably close and it's good enough for a simple Director Drawing. I take more photos if I have time. Next, I measure all around the perimeter of the space. Don't bother with moldings, just measure the rough door and window openings and corners. Unless you are matching the location or building plugs or walls, the moldings don't usually mater. Don't forget to measure the height of the window sills and heads. You don't need these for a Director Drawing, but Set Decorating might aks for window sizes for window covers. To measure a round column, use a seamstress tape or string to wrap around the column and divide the circumference by pie (3.14) to extract the diameter. Don't get so wrapped up measuring the perimeter that you forget to locate columns and other objects toward the center. Show the door swings, you might fill this in with photos if you forget, but it's better to remember. Add cabinets, counters and other similar constructions. If you need the profile of a molding


This device originally developed for covert operations is now made available for the public to use. Each earpiece kit can provide a way for you to transmit and receive audio information without anybody in the room knowing. Whether you want to receive pre-recorded messages or information from another party to assist you during your presentation / interview or speech, the earpiece can be set up with your phone, audio recorder, radio, or MP3 player to send the message to your earpiece, placed in your ear channel so that it is undetectable.. All kits also include a built in microphone so that you can engage in 2 way conversation should you wish
So how does it work?
The key is the inductive transmitter that will transmit audio from a phone / mp3 player to the earpiece. The transmitter itself is available in many forms. For example the transmitter may be included within a neckloop to be worn around the users neck, this may connect to your phone or mp3 player via its earphone socket. Or you may have a Bluetooth are often included in everyday objects such as a pair of glasses, a Pen or even a bluetooth watch. The transmitter acts as the aerial for reception and signal transmitter from phone to earpiece. At the same time, output sound picked up by the tiny microphone attached to the neckloop / pen / glasses is sent through your phone just as if the user is talking directly into it.
How to Use The Spy Earpiece?
Depending on what kind of information you wish to receive the earpiece can be set up to suit. For example during a presentation or speech you may wish to pre-record your speech or presentation on an mp3 player, then play it back to yourself during the presentation / speech. Or simply record a simple prompt for each point you would like to make. You could then connect up your mp3 player to an inductive neckloop included in most earpiece kits, and wear a spy earpiece. So long as the battery is inserted into the earpiece you will hear the audio from your mp3 player in the earpiece.
Alternatively you may prefer to have a team prepped in another room to assist you during your speech. This can be achieved by simply starting a mobile phone conversation with your team just before the speech starts. You would then need to either connect an inductive neckloop to the headphone output of your phone, or pair your phone with a bluetooth induction neckloop / pen / glasses. Insert the earpiece into your ear making sure the battery is inserted correctly. Your team should be able to hear your speech in real time over the phone, and can give you tips in your earpiece along the way. The same may apply in an interview situation, you may wish to have a third party issue you advice during your interview.
Each Inductive transmitter whether it be a neckloop or a bluetooth device like a pen, glasses or bluetooth neckloop, will also include a built in microphone so you can also talk back to your colleagues should you wish during your speech / presentation or interview.
Lets not forget the original intention of the Spy Earpiece which is for security and covert surveillance. The Spy Earpiece excels in these situations where the requirement is for a security operative to communicate covertly.
The key to success is in the careful planning and preparation so that everything runs smooth.
The way I see it, when the challenge is great and the results mean everything, why not try the Spy Earpiece and take the risk out of the equation?
Source -Â _URL_


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Is the SEND Device Message Loud and Clear?
Recent sailboat-racing deaths spotlight challenges with satellite emergency notification devices.
Sometime around 1:30 a.m. April 28, while participating in the Newport-to-Ensenada Race, the Hunter 437 Aegean sailed directly onto the rocky cliffs of North Coronado Island off Mexicos Pacific coast. Fellow racers came upon pieces of the boat and reported their findings to the U.S. Coast Guard. The bodies of three crew were discovered with the wreckage. The body of the captain was recovered 16 days later. Contrary to news reports stating there was no sign of distress aboard Aegean, an SOS distress call went out from one of the crewbut by the time the Coast Guard learned of it, it was too late. Someone sent a distress alert form the captains personal SPOT Connect, a portable satellite emergency notification device (SEND) that delivers SOS messages and vital informationships position and user identityvia Globalstar satellites to a third-party emergency call center.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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This example uses a script action to check if the database server is online before running the database operation. In the first step the script creates a field called is_database_server_online. If it is online the value of this field is set to "yes", otherwise it is set as "no".
Copy and paste this URL into your WordPress site to embed
Copy and paste this code into your site to embed


Mathematical English Usage - a Dictionary
by Jerzy Trzeciak
[see also: apart from, besides
for all n except a finite number
for no x except the unique solution of......
[Note the difference between besides, except and apart from: besides usually "adds'' something, except "subtracts'', and apart from can be used in both senses; after no, nothing etc., all three can be used.]
Then G is differentiable except for a jump at x=0.
Except for these two lemmas, we make no use of the results of [4].
That is---except the use of relaxed controls---precisely the stochastic Bellman equation.
Then F is invertible except possibly on an at most countable set.
Thus, F is invertible except where x=0.
Hence F is invertible except at countably many points.
The desingularization of f is X except when Q and Q' have a common factor, in which case......
We have not required f to be......, and we shall not do so except when explicitly stated.
 The trivial cases when the family consists of only one set are excepted.
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text: Sepsis remains a serious clinical problem despite intense efforts to improve survival. In this study, the efficacy of ertapenem combined with the cathelicidin tritrpticin was investigated in two rat models of septic shock. Main outcome measures were bacterial growth in blood, peritoneum, spleen, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes; endotoxin, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α concentrations in plasma; and lethality. Adult male Wistar rats were given (1) an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg Escherichia coli serotype 0111:B4 LPS or (2) intra-abdominal sepsis induced via cecal ligation and puncture. For each model, all animals were randomized to receive intraperitoneally isotonic sodium chloride solution, 1 mg/kg tritrpticin, 15 mg/kg ertapenem, and 1 mg/kg tritrpticin combined with 15 mg/kg ertapenem. Each group included 20 animals. All compounds significantly reduced bacterial growth and lethality as compared with saline treatment. Treatment with tritrpticin resulted in significant decrease in plasma endotoxin and cytokine levels, whereas ertapenem exerted opposite effect. The combination between tritrpticin and ertapenem proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing all variables measured. In conclusion, tritrpticin enhances ertapenem efficacy in gram-negative septic shock rat models.


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Deconstructing Dinner: Exploring Ethnobiology II: Nancy Turner
In May 2010, Deconstructing Dinner travelled to Vancouver Island where two international conferences on ethnobiology were being hosted. Ethnobiology examines the relationships between humans and their surrounding plants, animals and ecosystems. Today, more and more people are expressing an interest to develop closer relationships with the earth. This leaves much to be learned from the research of ethnobiologists, and in particular, from the symbiotic human-earth relationships that so many peoples around the world have long maintained.
On this part II of the series, we listen to segments from a one-on-one interview with Nancy Turner of the University of Victoria. Nancy is one of the most well-known ethnobiologists in Canada and Deconstructing Dinner's Jon Steinman sat down with her in the community of Tofino to learn more about what ethnobiology is, why the field is an increasingly important one to pay attention to, and what we all might learn from the many indigenous peoples who ethnobiologists work with.
Also on the show - a recording of a presentation by Cheryl Bryce and Pamela Tudge who are examining how the indigenous peoples living in what is now the City of Victoria might reinstate traditional harvesting practices of an important traditional food - camus.
Nancy Turner, distinguished professor, School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria (Victoria, BC) -
Born in Berkeley, California, Nancy moved to Victoria at the age of 5 and she lives there today as a Distinguished Professor in the School of Environmental Studies at the University of Victoria. She earned a PhD in Ethnobotany in 1974 from the University of British Columbia when she studied three contemporary indigenous groups of the Pacific Northwest (the Haida, Bella Coola and Lillooet). Nancy's major research has demonstrated the role of plant resources in past and present aboriginal cultures and languages as being an integral component of traditional knowledge systems. Nancy has also played an important role in helping demonstrate how traditional management of plant resources has shaped the landscapes and habitats of western Canada. In 1999 Nancy received the Order of British Columbia and in 2009 received the Order of Canada. She's authored numerous books including, among others, Food Plants of Coastal First Peoples, Food Plants of Interior First Peoples, Plants of Haida Gwaii and The Earth's Blanket - Traditional Teachings for Sustainable Living.
Cheryl Bryce, lands manager, Songhees Nation, (Victoria, BC) -
The Songhees or Songish, also known as the Lekwungen or Lekungen, are an indigenous North American Coast Salish people who reside on southeastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia in the Greater Victoria area.
Pamela Tudge, former student, School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria (Victoria, BC) -
Pamela recently moved to the North Okanagan region of BC where she's now studying food systems and mapping for her master's research at the University of British Columbia - Okanagan.


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by Staff Writers
Washington (AFP) May 9, 2012
US and Italian scientists have traced a bacterium that has been destroying kiwifruit in New Zealand and Europe back to China where they believe it originated, according to a study on Wednesday.
Since the disease known as "kiwifruit canker" emerged in Italy 2008, it has wiped out orchards mainly across Europe and South America and caused hundreds of million of dollars in losses, according to the article in the journal PLoS ONE.
The culprit is a bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), which causes red or white slime to ooze from the plant's stems or branches, in some cases causing the plants to die.
A similar disease afflicted orchards in China and Japan in the 1980s, so scientists used the latest DNA sequencing technology to shed light on the pathogens to see if there were any links.
Virginia Tech associate professor Boris Vinatzer and Giorgio Balestra of the University of Tuscia in Italy sequenced the DNA of Psa bacteria from kiwifruit trees in China, Italy, New Zealand and Portugal.
They found that the bacteria from China, Europe, and New Zealand were almost identical, with one slight variation that in a single region of the DNA that linked the New Zealand outbreak to the Chinese bacteria.
Therefore, the study authors believe the bacterium was likely imported from China to Italy first, and later from China into New Zealand where the disease turned up in 2010.
"The first step in stopping the spread of aggressive bacteria like Psa is knowing where they come from and how they have spread," Balestra said.
"Now that we have sequenced the DNA and found its likely origin, we can start to figure out ways to stop it and similar bacteria from doing so much damage in the future."
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G8 urged to elevate food security issues
Washington (UPI) May 8, 2012
Anti-poverty activists are urging Group of Eight leaders to give more attention to food security when they hold a summit this month in the United States. The G8, which includes the world's biggest economies of the United States, France, Britain, Italy, Germany, Canada, Japan and Russia, is scheduled to discuss food security on the second day of its May 18-19 summit at Camp David in Mary... read more
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text:
No. 1051 Mountain Quarries Railroad Bridge spans the American River on the boundary between Placer and El Dorado Counties. Built in 1912, it was a very early example of reinforced concrete railroad bridge construction. The bridge was designed by John B. Leonard, a pioneer in the design, engineering and promotion of reinforced concrete construction. From 1912 until 1942, the Mountain Quarries Railroad operated trains over the bridge, carrying loads of sandstone from the nearby quarry to Auburn, California where MQRR met the Southern Pacific Railroad.
Trailhead on Hwy 193/49, just east of Old Foresthill Rd. Bridge spans American River.
We parked at the trailhead on Hwy 193/49, just east of Old Forest hill Rd. Bridge spans American River. We took the trail that runs on the NE side of the American River. Then we crossed the bridge to get to the plaque. It would have been a short and easy stroll in the shade if we had parked on HWY 49 just south of the river and entered through the gate on Hwy 49. See the pictures.


A study of weakly interacting systems in localized representation, including the many-body effect
Cornelia Kozmutza, Ernö Tfirst
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
8 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
The method of the separated molecular orbitals (SMOs), as a version of the localized representation is discussed as a useful tool for studying weakly interacting systems. As to the Hartree-Fock level, the contributions of the atomic basis sets in some dimers and their counter-poise (CP) corrected systems are compared. The results suggest, that using SMOs the validity of the CP recipe can be demonstrated. The localized many-body perturbation theory (LMBPT) incorporating the method of SMOs makes it possible to study the van der Waals type systems at several levels of correlation. This allows using the SMO-LMBPT scheme for discussing not only the two-body but the many-body interaction energy quantities as well. As an example, the results obtained for the three-body interaction energies in some He-clusters are given. These results show that the three-body effects are negligible in comparison to the two-body ones, the relative significance of the charge-transfer components, on the other hand, are important.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)231-250
Number of pages20
JournalAdvances in Quantum Chemistry
Volume31
Issue numberC
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 1 1998
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
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Custom anomaly detection
Custom anomalies allow your team the most versatility when detecting unusual behavior in your system. Not only are they flexible and dynamic, custom anomalies provide your team with the ability to alert on any entity or signal and to adjust and optimize your thresholds. Custom anomalies are built using the same advanced tuning settings as static alerting so you can ensure your team sees only incidents that are important to you.
You can also enrich your custom anomaly detection configuration with additional metadata to provide further context and add custom incident descriptions that can provide additional instructions to your on-call engineers.
Configure custom anomaly thresholds
You can create custom anomalies thresholds from an alert condition. Here are some tips for setting anomaly thresholds:
 - Set the anomaly direction to monitor incidents that happen either above or below the anomaly.
 - Use the slider bar to adjust the Critical threshold sensitivity, represented in the preview chart by the light gray area around the anomaly. The tighter the band around the anomaly, the more sensitive it is and the more incidents it will generate.
 - You can create a Warning threshold (the darker gray area around the anomaly).
Follow these steps to create your custom anomaly:
 1. Go to one.newrelic.com > All capabilities > Alerts & AI > Alert Conditions.
 2. Click + New alert condition > Use guided mode.
 3. Go through the guided steps until you get to Set thresholds.
 4. Select Anomaly.
 1. Configure the settings for one or more thresholds. Anomaly detection makes a prediction on what the next data point will be based on prior activity. The threshold value for custom anomaly detection is the number of standard deviations your signal value is away from the value that was predicted.
 To configure the threshold, you'll need to:
 - Set the 'threshold direction' to either upper, lower, or both. This means that we'll only create an incident if the signal value (the output of the query) is above the predicted value, below the predicted value, or either, respectively.
 This field dictates how many of the data points during a specified time period must be outside of the threshold. The options are for at least and at least once in. Selecting for at least means that ALL of your signal's data points must be outside of the threshold for the specified time period before an incident is opened. The inverse must be true to close the incident. The at least once in option simply means that as soon as any of your signal's data points are outside of the threshold, an incident will open. With this option, the time duration is not relevant for determining when to open an incident. However, it's relevant for closing incidents. All of your signal's data points must be within the threshold for the specified period of time
 - Set the 'threshold duration'. Think of this as how long the signal value must remain outside the threshold before an incident is opened. Conversely, it's also how long a signal must be within the threshold for an incident to be closed.
 This field answers to the time period mentioned above. It's how long the signal exceeds the threshold being defined. This is the actual threshold duration.
 - Set the 'threshold level'. For custom anomaly detection, this is the number of standard deviations the signal's data point is from the value that we predicted it would be.
 2. Add the details of the alert condition and click Save condition.
Setting thresholds for multi-signal conditions (faceted queries)
Depending on how you defined your query in step 1, the alert condition may be monitoring many signals, not just one. When working with NRQL, these queries use the FACET clause. The maximum number of signals that one alert condition can monitor is 5,000. The threshold settings that you specify apply the same to all signals being monitored by this condition. Each signal is individually monitored and evaluated, but the settings apply consistently to all signals. We'll only show a maximum of 500 signals on the preview chart. But, we don't show the predicted signal and threshold bands when there is more than one signal shown on the chart. To show that information while determining the ideal threshold value, select one of the time series signals from the legend to filter the chart down a single time series.
Anomaly direction: select upper or lower ranges
You can choose whether you want the condition to look for behavior that goes above the predicted value ("upper") or that goes below the predicted value ("lower"), or that goes either above or below. You choose these with the prediction direction selector.
Example use cases for this:
 - You might use the Upper setting for a data source like error rate, because you generally are only concerned if it goes up, and aren't concerned if it goes down.
 - You might use the Lower setting for a data source like throughput, because sudden upward fluctuations are quite common, but a large sudden downswing would indicate a problem.
Here are examples of how large fluctuations in your data would be treated under the different anomaly direction settings. The red areas represent incidents.
Rules governing calculation of the predicted value
The algorithm for calculating the prediction is mathematically complex. Here are some of the major rules governing its predictive abilities:
 - Age of data On initial creation, the prediction is calculated using between 1 to 4 weeks of data, depending on data availability and prediction type. After its creation, the algorithm takes into account ongoing data fluctuations over a long time period, although greater weight is given to more recent data. For data that has only existed for a short time, the predicted value will likely fluctuate a good deal and not be very accurate. This is because there isn't enough data to determine its usual values and behavior. The more history the data has, the more accurate the prediction and thresholds will become.
 - Consistency of data For metric values that remain in a consistent range or that trend slowly and steadily, their more predictable behavior means that their thresholds will become tighter around the prediction. Data that is more varied and unpredictable will have looser (wider) thresholds.
 - Regular fluctuations For shorter-than-one-week cyclical fluctuations (such as weekly Wednesday 1pm deployments or nightly reports), the prediction algorithm looks for these cyclical fluctuations and attempts to adjust to them.
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The tragic fire at the Youth Hostel was not the only thing discussed when Love News Reporter, Courtney Menzies, sat with the authorities in charge. We received an in depth analysis about the inner workings of the institution. This will be a part of our Youth Hostel Series, which will be aired over the next few days. The first part of the series focuses on the Youth Hostel itself and the children who are enlisted there.
Courtney Menzies, Love News: The Princess Royal Youth Hostel has been branded by many as a prison that teenagers ages 12-17 are forced to go to when they cannot be controlled by their parents. On the contrary the Youth Hostel is actually a rehabilitation center that focuses on changing the trajectory of a troubled child's life. The hostel itself falls under the umbrella of the Community Rehabilitation Center. Director of the Center, Starla Bradley spoke to us about how a child is admitted into the hostel.
Starla Bradley, Director of Community Rehabilitation Department: "The only way to enter the Youth Hostel is through a court order, a Magistrate has to order that this child be placed at the Youth Hostel. Either they are charged with a criminal offence and they are sent there or we have on record what's known as uncontrollable behavior, this is called a status offence it's not a criminal offense but parents would be the ones to go in front of the Magistrate and they have to convince the Magistrate that their child is "uncontrollable" and the Magistrate would then make that determination of whether to refer them first to us for voluntary services or if they should be sent to the Youth Hostel."
Maureen Williams, Deputy Director, Community Rehabilitation Center: "The behaviors that parents would come and explain, things like they're upstart, they don't listen, they don't want to help around the house, they go and come as they please, they smoke, they drink, the curse, they don't want to go to school, they're having sex and stuff. The behaviors that they talk about these behaviors aren't unusual behaviors for teenagers, they're not abnormal behaviors; developmentally in that age range it's expected that those kinds of behaviors may happen."
Courtney Menzies, Love News: There are currently 11 girls and 10 boys being housed at the Youth Hostel. According to the Deputy Director Maureen Williams they can accommodate about 24 girls but are sometimes faced with well over 30. With so many at risk teenagers it is no surprise when problems arise however Williams stated that major incidents are not an everyday problem.
Starla Bradley, Director of Community Rehabilitation Department: "This is especially true for the high risk children, you have your leaders and you have your followers so you'll have those maybe on a regular day they wouldn't try to escape they will go with the program but there are some who might trigger an incident and you have followers who will engage as well. They have always tried to run away, I guess now we're hearing about it more because social media it's easier but they've always tried to run away."
Courtney Menzies, Love News: But is it an issue where maybe everyday or almost everyday there is some major incident, not just running away but like violence or kids hurting other kids and really destroying property? Is it like a frequent thing or ?
Starla Bradley, Director of Community Rehabilitation Department: "No."
Courtney Menzies, Love News: You don't expect that everyday.
Starla Bradley, Director of Community Rehabilitation Department: "Not everyday no. There are certain procedures and processes that are in place. Sometimes what happens is that a staff might not follow through completely on something and that leaves a little window of opportunity and most of the incidents that you've been hearing about recently, most of them are as a result of that little window being capitalized on by these kids."
Courtney Menzies, Love News: So where are the parents in all of this ? It cannot be an easy decision to turn to the Youth Hostel for help with raising a child. While some parents stick around to see the progression of their child's behavior there are others who simply write off their child.
Maureen Williams, Deputy Director, Community Rehabilitation Center: "Some parents find it difficult to deal with those behaviors and will come looking for help, they will come looking for help and be a part of the process but then you have others who will come looking for help for the child but don't want to be a part of the process so they will bring the children and say 'here do something but kind of leave me out of it.' so they take no responsibility for the behaviors or don't even see- and it may not be intentional but don't see how some of the things that they do, some of the behaviors they have, the way they parent and those kinds of things affect the behaviors of their children."
Starla Bradley, Director of Community Rehabilitation Department: "Sometimes the children come to us and they do well. They stabilize after a while and they're ready to go home but home isn't ready for them. Sometimes the parents don't want them back I mean that's the reality. Imagine a child having done the work trying to build his or her resilience and the family they don't want them, that breaks that child more."
Courtney Menzies, Love News: According to Bradley the longer a child stays at the Youth Hostel the greater the risk of them regressing becomes. Parents play an important role in the outcome of a child's life after they have been placed at the hostel however this is only one challenge of the institution and there are myriads of other gaps that the authorities are trying to address.
In tomorrow's newscast, we will bring you the second part of this series, which focuses on rehabilitation programs the Hostel provides.


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Fungus Makes You Faster
Dec 27, 2006
Do you have a need for speed? If you do then start chowing down on caterpillar fungi. Sound gross? Well, that's what several Chinese athletes say is the secret behind their success.
The Fungus 411
Nearly 1,500 years ago, shepards who lived high up in the mountains of Tibet noticed that their cows, goats and other animals had a lot more energy after eating a tiny grass-like mushroom that grows on caterpillars. Doctors from the area soon began making up powerful potions with this fungus to cure different illnesses. About 1,000 years later, during the Ming Dynasty, doctors for the Chinese Emperor learned about this wonder fungus known as cordyceps sinensis. The fungus was pretty hard to find so only the Emperor and his noblemen were given the potion. Doctors would take a small amount of the fungus and cook it inside the stomach of a duck. The Chinese royalty would then eat the duck. They noticed it gave them an extra boost of energy and enduranced and kept them from getting sick.
Fungus Makes You Faster
In the 1990's, Chinese runners began using the fungus to see if it would improve their performance. The results? Pretty amazing. During the 1993 World Track and Field Championships, the Chinese womens' running team broke the world records in the 10,000 meter, 3,000 meter and 1,500 meter races. Other countries accused the Chinese team of using steroids, but none of the athletes showed any signs of drug use. The team explained that they were only using a potion made from the caterpillar fungus.
How Does Fungus Work
How does the fungus work? Scientists say the magical mushroom relaxes an athlete's airway. That makes it easier for athletes to breathe while they are running which means they are using less energy. The fungus also helps reduce blood pressure and stop coughing. Athletes rarely eat cordyceps sinensis by cooking it in the stomach of a duck. Usually they'll just grind up the fungus and eat it or mix it in with chicken soup.
Related Stories:
 - Risks of Roids - Steroid Abuse
 - Baseball Players and Roids
 - How Are You Quenching Your Thirst?
 - More Cool Sports Science!
 - Related Articles


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Walkthrough: Globalizing a Date by Using Client Script
In this walkthrough you will use ECMAScript (JavaScript) to display days, months, and other date-related values in globalized formats. The AJAX functionality in ASP.NET provides client globalization support based on a setting in the ScriptManager control. After these globalization settings have been applied to the Web application, you can use client script to format a JavaScript Date or Number object based on a culture value. This does not require a postback to the server.
The culture value that is used by the client script is based on the default culture setting provided by the user's browser settings. Alternatively, it can be set to a specific culture value by using server settings or server code in your application.
A culture value provides information about a specific culture (locale). The culture value is a combination of two letters for a language and two letters for a country or region. Examples include es-MX (Spanish Mexico), es-CO (Spanish Columbia), and fr-CA (French Canada).
The ASP.NET AJAX Date extensions add functionality to the JavaScript Date object by providing the localeFormat method. This method enables a Date object to be formatted based on the browser language setting, on server settings, or on server code. These settings affect the server culture value, which is then interpreted by the server to generate a client object that is exposed by the Sys.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture property. This object is used for formatting dates.
For more information about cultures and locales, see ASP.NET Globalization and Localization and the CultureInfo class overview.
To implement the procedures in your own development environment you need:
 - Visual Studio or Visual Web Developer 2010 Express.
 - An AJAX-enabled ASP.NET Web site.
To begin, you will use the language preference settings in the browser to specify how to format a date.
To globalize a date based on the browser language preference
 1. Close any open instances of Microsoft Internet Explorer or of your default browser so that all new instances will use a new locale setting.
 2. Open a new instance of Internet Explorer.
 3. On the Tools menu, click Internet Options, click the General tab, and then click Language.
 4. Set the language preference to es-MX (Spanish Mexico) and remove any other locales from the list.
 NoteNote
 If you use a different browser, make the equivalent language settings in that browser.
 5. Close the browser.
 6. In Visual Studio, create or open an ASP.NET AJAX-enabled Web page and switch to Design view.
 7. Select the ScriptManager control and set its EnableScriptGlobalization property to true.
 NoteNote
 If the page does not contain a ScriptManager control, add one from the AJAX Extensions tab of the Toolbox.
 8. In the AJAX Extensions tab of the Toolbox, double-click the UpdatePanel control to add an update panel to the page.
 9. Set the ChildrenAsTriggers property of the UpdatePanel control tofalse.
 10. Set the UpdateMode property of the UpdatePanel control to Conditional.
 11. Click inside the UpdatePanel control, and then from the Standard tab of the Toolbox, add a Button control and a Label control to the UpdatePanel control.
 NoteNote
 Make sure that you add the Label and Button controls inside the UpdatePanel control.
 12. Make sure that the button's ID property is set to Button1, and set its Text property to Display Date.
 13. Make sure that the label's ID property is set to Label1.
 14. Switch to Source view.
 15. At the bottom of the page, create a script element and add the following client script to it:

 Sys.UI.DomEvent.addHandler($get("Button1"), "click", formatDate);
 function formatDate() {
 var d = new Date();
 try {
 $get('Label1').innerHTML = d.localeFormat("dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss");
 }
 catch(e) {
 alert("Error:" + e.message);
 }
 }

 This code adds a click handler to the button named Button1. The code calls the formatDate function, which creates a new Date object and displays the formatted date in the element named Label1. The date is formatted by using the localeFormat function that is part of the Microsoft Ajax Library extensions for the Date object.
 16. In the Web site's Web.config file, include the following globalization element in the system.web section:
 <globalization culture="auto" />

 The "auto" setting specifies that the ACCEPT-LANGUAGE header in the browser request (which provides the user's language preference list) is used to set the culture value.
 17. Save your changes, and then run the Web page in the browser where you changed language settings.
 18. Click the Display Date button to see the globalized date value that is based on the browser language settings.
 The following example shows a complete ASP.NET Web page with client script that globalizes a date based on the browser language preference.

 <%@ Page Language="VB" %>

 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "_URL_
 <html xmlns="_URL_

 <title>Globalization Example</title>

 <form id="form1" runat="server">
 <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server" EnableScriptGlobalization="true"/>
 <asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server" ChildrenAsTriggers="False"
 UpdateMode="Conditional">
 <ContentTemplate>
 <asp:Panel ID="Panel1" runat="server" GroupingText="Update Panel">
 <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Display Date" />

 <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server"></asp:Label>
 </asp:Panel>
 </ContentTemplate>
 </asp:UpdatePanel>
 </form>

 19. When you are finished, reset the language settings in the browser.
If you want to display formatted dates in multiple pages, you can set the culture in the Web site's configuration file. The format settings then apply to dates in all pages.
To globalize a date based on configuration file settings
 1. In the Web.config file of the application, change the globalization element in the system.web section to the following:
 <globalization culture="fr-CA" />

 This setting sets the culture value to "fr-CA" (French Canada), regardless of what the browser language setting specifies.
 2. Save your changes, and then run the Web page in your browser.
 3. Click the Display Date button to see the globalized date value.
 The date formatting is now based on the culture attribute in the configuration file instead of on the browser language preference.
 The following example shows a complete ASP.NET Web page with client script that globalizes a date based on configuration file settings.

 <%@ Page Language="VB" %>

 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "_URL_
 <html xmlns="_URL_

 <title>Globalization Example</title>

 <form id="form1" runat="server">
 <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server" EnableScriptGlobalization="true"/>
 <asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server" ChildrenAsTriggers="False"
 UpdateMode="Conditional">
 <ContentTemplate>
 <asp:Panel ID="Panel1" runat="server" GroupingText="Update Panel">
 <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Display Date" />

 <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server"></asp:Label>
 </asp:Panel>
 </ContentTemplate>
 </asp:UpdatePanel>
 </form>


As documented here on MSDN the PropertyItem object does not have a public constructor.
What to do then when you want to add a property to an image, using Image.SetPropertyItem(..) method?
This post suggests you create some bank of all property items you want, hold it memory and clone from it.
A commenter on that blog suggested using reflection: Get the non-public parameter-less constructor and invoke it. Notable downside for this approach is reliance on internal implementation of the object. True. I'll risk it though.
In my implementation, I added a helper method which simply generates the PropertyItem using System.Activator like so:
public static PropertyItem CreatePropertyItem(int id, int length, short exifType, byte[] buffer)
 var instance = (PropertyItem)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(PropertyItem), true);
 instance.Id = id;
 instance.Len = length;
 instance.Type = exifType;
 instance.Value = buffer;
 return instance;
Pretty clean and simple. Under the covers, Activator will use some reflection to create the instance, but would also utilize some caching and speed written by not-me. I like not-me code because it means I don't have to write it.
Since one of my my upcoming talks at _URL_ is on the subject of reflection, this all falls neatly into place.


Package org.lwjgl.egl
Class KHRStreamCrossProcessFD
 - public class KHRStreamCrossProcessFD
 extends java.lang.Object
 Native bindings to the KHR_stream_cross_process_fd extension.
 This extension allows an EGLStreamKHR object handle to be duplicated into another process so that the EGLStream producer can be in one process while the EGLStream consumer can be in another process.
 Duplicating the EGLStreamKHR object handle into another process is peformed in 3 steps
 1. Get a file descriptor associated with the EGLStream.
 2. Duplicate the file descriptor into another process.
 3. Create an EGLStreamKHR from the duplicated file descriptor in the other process.
 The file descriptor is obtained by calling eglGetStreamFileDescriptorKHR().
 Duplicating the file descriptor into another process is outside the scope of this extension. See issue \#1 for an example of how to do this on a Linux system.
 The EGLStreamKHR object handle is created in the second process by passing the file descriptor to the eglCreateStreamFromFileDescriptorKHR() function. This must be done while the EGLStream is in the EGL_STREAM_STATE_CREATED_KHR state.
 Once the EGLStreamKHR object handle is created in the second process, it refers to the same EGLStream as the EGLStreamKHR object handle in the original process. A consumer can be associated with the EGLStream from either process. A producer can be associated with the EGLStream from either process.
 Requires EGL 1.2 and KHR_stream.
 - Field Detail
 - EGL_NO_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_KHR
 public static final int EGL_NO_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_KHR
 See Also:
 Constant Field Values
 - Method Detail
 - eglGetStreamFileDescriptorKHR
 public static int eglGetStreamFileDescriptorKHR(long dpy,
 long stream)
 - eglCreateStreamFromFileDescriptorKHR
 public static long eglCreateStreamFromFileDescriptorKHR(long dpy,
 int file_descriptor)


text:
If you're asking this question and looking for answers online, it's probably because you think you've found corrosion on your gas furnace in Conyers, GA. Or perhaps you're curious because you have an older furnace and you want to know what can happen to it as it ages. Whatever the reason, we're glad you asked because corrosion is an important topic when it comes to furnaces.
So the simple answer is, Yes, a gas furnace can corrode. It's not something you want to happen, and it's often a warning that the furnace needs to be replaced.
How Corrosion Occurs in a Furnace
When people think of corrosion, they usually think of rust first, which is one of the most common types of corrosion. But because people think of rust as only occurring because of water in contact with metal, they might not think it can happen in a gas furnace. A gas furnace doesn't use water to heat the air, so how could it corrode?
A gas furnace may not circulate water, but it does create water vapor during its combustion process. As the combustion gasses in the heat exchanger cool down during the heating cycle, they turn into a vapor that contains water moisture. Along with the water moisture are other vapor chemicals that can also lead to corrosion. Most of this moisture escapes out of the exchanger through the flue. However, after many years of the metal in the heat exchanger being exposed to these vapors, corrosion may begin to form. Corrosion can also start to appear in the flue or other places where exhaust vapors move.
The process of corrosion will speed up if the furnace isn't venting properly. You may have a furnace that safely removes toxic gasses but still allows too much combustion vapor to remain in the exchanger.
Another way that corrosion can start in a furnace is from leaks coming from the air conditioning system. In most HVAC setups, the AC unit is located over the furnace. If condensate moisture begins to leak from the air conditioner because of a malfunction, it will drip down onto the furnace and lead to corrosion.
Why Corrosion Is a Serious Problem
You don't want corrosion on a gas furnace because it weakens the metal and can allow for combustion gasses to escape from the heat exchanger. This is a major danger because it places toxic gasses such as carbon monoxide into the air that is blown into the house. Cracks in a furnace's heat exchanger require immediate attention. Either the heat exchanger must be replaced or the entire furnace replaced. If the furnace is already old (15 years or more), then it's best to have a new furnace installed.
The best way to prevent corrosion from getting an early hold on your furnace is to always have professional maintenance for it each year. Our technicians will carefully inspect the unit for indications of corrosion and ensure the furnace is venting properly.
If you notice corrosion anywhere on your gas furnace, please stop using it and call us to help you.


Over the past three years, one million active Twitter users have tweeted at least one billion times according to Beevolve. Not every participant has made their voice heard since one out of four Twitter users has never tweeted. With this growth, the composition of Twitter has changed significantly and this has implications for your marketing.
5 Twitter Facts (and What They Mean for Your Business)
Here are five important facts about Twitter that have an impact on your business.
 1. Twitter skews female. Specifically women outnumber men on Twitter 53 percent to 47 percent. Since as technology platforms most social media venues tend to attract men as early adopters. Therefore this shift toward female usage signals that Twitter is maturing.
 2. Women tweet more than men on average. Women tweet 610 times on average while men tweet 567 times on average. This makes sense since women are known as communicators. Further, this is consistent with communications usage on other platforms and devices.
 3. Twitter usage by sex varies by country. In areas where Twitter is a more mature platform, women are the dominant segment. By contrast, in regions where Twitter usage is newer, men are the dominant segment. Specifically, men tend to dominate in India, Brazil, and France.
 4. Higher female Twitter usage is consistent across age groups. In other words, being female trumps age in terms of Twitter use.
 5. Twitter conversation focus has shifted to family. This reflects the interests of the majority of women. This is an opportunity for B2C marketers looking to engage women around topics related to their products.
 6. With over 90 percent of U.S. businesses on social media, the shift on Twitter represents a significant marketing opportunity. As the third largest social media platform after Facebook and YouTube, Twitter is becoming a mass social media venue. This is particularly important for B2C marketers.
3 Strategic Social Media Marketing Elements to Check
Before rushing to implement new Twitter tactics, at a minimum, this shift requires the following three strategic elements. Even better, take the time to re-examine your entire social media marketing strategy.
 1. Re-evaluate your marketing persona and social media persona. Take into consideration these changes in Twitter usage as they apply to your target audience.
 2. Assess your editorial calendar and related social media calendar. Determine where you may need to modify how you leverage Twitter to create new content and/or distribute content.
 3. Ensure you track your Twitter marketing effectiveness. Use social media calls-to-action.
5 Actionable Twitter Marketing Tactics
To leverage Twitter to achieve your marketing goals, here are five actionable marketing tactics. In the process, ensure you make your tweets count!
 1. Build your Twitter base. While most marketers have started expanding their Twitter following, it's worth repeating. Without a community on Twitter, your message reach is limited. Therefore, leverage your owned and other marketing to support these efforts. At a minimum, let your audience know that you're active on Twitter. (Here are the secrets to building a Twitter following.) While Twitter is good for engaging with prospects and customers, research has found that Twitter isn't a conversation!
 2. Use Twitter to distribute content created for other venues. Utilize Twitter to help you deliver your social media and content marketing to a broader audience. This is particularly important for family-related information. Don't forget to use hashtags! Of course, this doesn't hold for promotions!
 3. Distribute family-related content. Given the popularity of family-related topics, create one or more Twitter feeds that offer a tip of the day or other regular information. Alternatively, use Twitter to curate other people's content on the topic.
 4. Answer prospect and customer questions. You can do this by having a Twitter presence for your customer service as Comcast does. Alternatively, you can accomplish this by responding to common customer questions by tweeting content from your blog or other content site. Marcus Sheridan of the The Sales Lion calls this the secret sauce.
 5. Promote one "Deal of the Day." While outright promotion is not acceptable on social media platforms, you can make one value offer per 24 hours if you're transparent about it.
The bottom line is that Twitter matters and, regardless of your business focus, it's critical to integrate into your marketing plans.
What do you think of this new Twitter research and how will you incorporate it into your 2013 marketing plans?
Happy marketing,
Heidi Cohen
Related reading


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Michigan Online Resources for Educators
The Michigan Online Resources for Educators (M.O.R.E.) is an online resource for teachers and educators helping them prepare to present a variety of subjects to their students. With the ability to search by standards, grade, or subject educators can find examples and outlines for lesson plans, along with a lesson plan builder that will help teachers prepare for the classroom. Online training is also available as well as information regarding professional development events. A job search link is also provided to help teachers find the educational job they are looking for. The Michigan Online Resources for Educators (M.O.R.E.) is putting tech in teaching.


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In probability theory, coupling is a proof technique that allows one to compare two unrelated random variables(distributions) and by creating a random vector whose marginal distributions correspond to and respectively. The choice of is generally not unique, and the whole idea of "coupling" is about making such a choice so that and can be related in a particularly desirable way.
Using the standard formalism of probability, let and be two random variables defined on probability spaces and. Then a coupling of and is a new probability space over which there are two random variables and such that has the same distribution as while has the same distribution as.
An interesting case is when and are not independent.
Assume two particles A and B perform a simple random walk in two dimensions, but they start from different points. The simplest way to couple them is simply to force them to walk together. On every step, if A walks up, so does B, if A moves to the left, so does B, etc. Thus, the difference between the two particles stays fixed. As far as A is concerned, it is doing a perfect random walk, while B is the copycat. B holds the opposite view, i.e. that he is, in effect, the original and that A is the copy. And in a sense they both are right. In other words, any mathematical theorem, or result that holds for a regular random walk, will also hold for both A and B.
Consider now a more elaborate example. Assume that A starts from the point (0,0) and B from (10,10). First couple them so that they walk together in the vertical direction, i.e. if A goes up, so does B, etc., but are mirror images in the horizontal direction i.e. if A goes left, B goes right and vice versa. We continue this coupling until A and B have the same horizontal coordinate, or in other words are on the vertical line (5,y). If they never meet, we continue this process forever (the probability for that is zero, though). After this event, we change the coupling rule. We let them walk together in the horizontal direction, but in a mirror image rule in the vertical direction. We continue this rule until they meet in the vertical direction too (if they do), and from that point on, we just let them walk together.
This is a coupling in the sense that neither particle, taken on its own, can "feel" anything we did. Nor the fact that the other particle follows him in one way or the other, nor the fact that we changed the coupling rule or when we did it. Each particle performs a simple random walk. And yet, our coupling rule forces them to meet almost surely and to continue from that point on together permanently. This allows one to prove many interesting results that say that "in the long run", it is not important where you started.
Assume two biased coins, the first with probability p of turning up heads and the second with probability q > p of turning up heads. Intuitively, if both coins are tossed the same number of times, the first coin should turn up fewer heads than the second one. More specifically, for any fixed k, the probability that the first coin produces at least k heads should be less than the probability that the second coin produces at least k heads. However proving such a fact can be difficult with a standard counting argument. Coupling easily circumvents this problem.
Let X1, X2,..., Xn be indicator variables for heads in a sequence of flips of the first coin. For the second coin, define a new sequence Y1, Y2,..., Yn such that
- if Xi = 1, then Yi = 1,
- if Xi = 0, then Yi = 1 with probability (q-p)/(1-p).
Then the sequence of Yi has exactly the probability distribution of tosses made with the second coin. However, because Yi depends on Xi, a toss by toss comparison of the two coins is now possible. That is, for any k ≤ n
- T. Lindvall, Lectures on the coupling method. Wiley, New York, 1992.
- H. Thorisson, Coupling, Stationarity, and Regeneration. Springer, New York, 2000.


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Facebook tops list of most restricted social media apps
Facebook is the most frequently restricted social media app by governments around the world.
It is according toInternet shutdown tracker, compiled by cybersecurity firm Surfshark. The tracker was developed in partnership with internet watchdog Netblocks, which says cases of social media censorship this year have spread to every continent.
In the first half of 2022, Surfshark recorded six incidents in five countries: Brazil, Burkina Faso, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe all shut down their social networks once, and Russia twice, with one case still ongoing. .
The report states, "46% of the world's population has been affected by government-imposed Facebook restrictions over the past seven years.
"Twitter and WhatsApp follow the app, with the latter being the most censored VOIP app. Governments have also targeted Instagram, Telegram and YouTube.
"Currently, 16 of the 196 countries and territories analyzed restrict access to social media or VOIP services. Most of the current restrictions (12) are recorded in Asian countries.
The most common reasons for censorship were political unrest and protests, the report said.
Internet surveillance, censorship and restrictions are becoming the new normal for some governments in their fight against political unrest, analysts say.
However, the study notes that overall internet restriction cases decreased by 14% worldwide in the first half of this year, from 84 in the second half of 2021 to 72.
Surfshark research tracks partial and complete internet and social media shutdowns in 196 countries and territories from 2015 to present.
According to the Surfshark study, 5.7 billion people in 76 countries have been deprived of internet access since 2015.
Commenting on the latest report, Alp Toker, CEO of Netblocks, said, "The slight decrease in internet shutdowns seen nationwide in early 2022 follows an unprecedented period of internet addiction during the pandemic.
"Yet this is not a respite – around the world the general decline in freedoms continues, which is why it is essential to monitor and support human rights and democracy in the digital sphere. "
Agneska Sablovskaja, Principal Researcher at Surfshark, adds, "We are seeing a positive trend of internet restriction cases going down this semester. Nonetheless, the number of countries using internet outages as a weapon to silence citizen unrest remains worrying. Most cases are national or local in scale where the internet is slowed down or completely shut down, leaving its inhabitants without most of their means of communication.


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Whether it's food or sex, pleasurable activity provides more than just pleasure, University of Cincinnati (UC) researchers say. It actually reduces stress by inhibiting anxiety responses in the brain.
The findings were published online Nov. 8, 2010, ahead of print in PNAS, the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences.
Experiments designed by Yvonne Ulrich-Lai, PhD, research assistant professor, James Herman, PhD, director of the Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology and professor of psychiatry and behavioral neuroscience at UC, and colleagues also indicated that the reduced-stress effects continued for at least seven days, suggesting a long-term benefit.
"These findings give us a clearer understanding of the motivation for consuming 'comfort food' during times of stress," says Ulrich-Lai. "But it's important to note that, based on our findings, even small amounts of pleasurable foods can reduce the effects of stress."
The researchers provided rats twice daily access to a sugar solution for two weeks, then tested the rats' physiological and behavioral responses to stress. Compared with controls, rats with access to sugar exhibited reduced heart rate and stress hormone levels while placed in ventilated restraint tubes and were more willing to explore an unfamiliar environment and socially interact with other rats.
Rats who were fed a solution artificially sweetened with saccharin (instead of being fed sucrose) showed similar reductions in stress responses, the researchers say, as did rats who were given access to sexually responsive partners. But sucrose supplied directly to the stomach did not blunt the rats' stress response, the researchers say.
"This indicates that the pleasurable properties of tasty foods, not the caloric properties, were sufficient for stress reduction," says Ulrich-Lai.
Physiological responses to stress include activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, regulated by the brain structure known as the basolateral amygdale (BLA). Rats exposed to pleasurable activities, such as tasty foods and sex, experienced weakened HPA axis responses to stress, the researchers found.
Lesions of the BLA prevented stress reduction by sucrose, suggesting that neural activity in the BLA is necessary for the effect.
"Our research identifies key neural circuits underlying the comfort food effect," notes Ulrich-Lai. "Further research is needed, but identification of these circuits could provide potential strategies for intervening to prevent or curtail increasing rates of obesity and other metabolic disorders."
Explore further: Study reveals new mechanism for estrogen suppression of liver lipid synthesis


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Vitality of rural areas and the rural operating environment
The vitality of rural areas is improved through various projects strengthening collaboration and a sense of community and improving the infrastructure. In the countryside, services and their accessibility require a great deal of work, collaboration and innovations. Improved telecommunications connections provide rural entrepreneurs with better operating possibilities and make rural areas more pleasant for residents. Projects concerning leisure and cultural activities, for instance, activate young people and open up new opportunities for them. Services for the elderly and their and quality of life can also be improved through projects.
Ms Marianne Selkäinaho, tel. +358 295 16 2218,
E-mail: forename.surname(at)mmm.fi [marianne.selkainaho]


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Advancements over the past decade in lithium-ion battery technology have allowed electric lawn care equipment to become a practical and cost-effective alternative to gas/diesel-powered lawn care equipment. There's also heightened urgency to reduce the use of fossil fuels and their associated GHG emissions.
Yet, despite of these technological advancements and the millions of gallons of fossil fuel consumed annually by lawn care equipment, only a fraction of the commercial lawn mowers being used in Vermont are electric. Specifically, there is no public school district and only one Vermont college/university (UVM), one municipality (Burlington), the Burlington Airport, and one state agency (the Vermont Department of Forestry, Parks, and Recreation) using a commercial electric lawn mower as of July 2022. Within the private and non-profit sectors, there are only ten lawn care contractors, a few homeowner associations, and Shelburne Farms who are using commercial electric mowers.
Although there are thousands of commercial electric lawn mowers operating throughout the United States, there's probably only about thirty currently operating in Vermont. This means that many Vermonters are still unfamiliar with this technology. This barrier will be overcome simply as more electric mowers are operating around the state.
Resistance to change and bias against E-lawn mowers:
Although many Vermont residents, businesses, institutions, municipalities, and the state government agencies/departments have environmental policy goals that support the transition to electric lawn mowers, many equipment operators assume that electric mowers won't perform as well as conventional mowers and resist this transition. The reason include:
This resistance can be overcome by obtaining independent reviews of the equipment being considered and through equipment "demos" attended by both the operators and upper management personnel. And since advancements/improvements are continually being made in both the performance, options and run-time of electric lawn care equipment, it's critical that the most recent models are being reviewed and demoed.
Inaccurate and/or negative performance reviews:
Since there are so few commercial electric lawn mowers operating in Vermont, there's potential for a few negative reviews to have an outsized impact on the general perception of this technology. Such negative reviews could be based on the performance of older models and/or based on rumor or hearsay, rather than on actual experience.
This barrier can be overcome by obtaining performance evaluations from a variety of sources and based on the most recent models being considered, and scheduling equipment demos of the most advanced/newest models. The Mow Electric Campaign is also compiling a collection of "Commercial E-Mower User Experience Profiles" to provide answers to the most common questions and concerns about E-mowers, including: run-times; cut-quality/performance; durability, and; operating cost savings.
Insufficient operating cost data for conventional mowers to calculate the expected "life-cycle" cost savings of E-mowers:
E-mowers offer substantial savings in life-cycle operating costs compared to gas-powered equipment due to:
However, it's not uncommon that hourly fuel consumption rates and fuel costs for individual mowers are not tracked. And in many cases, service and repair costs (including parts and labor) for individual mowers are also not maintained.
The lack of fuel cost data could be addressed by simply calculating the fuel consumption and costs for a conventional mower for specified time period (e.g. a week or month). This fuel consumption data could be calculated tracking the fuel use of a mower already in use and the fuel costs, or using average fuel consumption estimates (e.g. 1 gal/hour @ $4.50 per gallon). This data can then be used to estimate annual fuel consumption compared to the expected electricity consumption of an electric mower for the same number of operating hours (e.g. approximately 2.8 kW per operating hour @ $.16/kWh).
Higher purchase price:
Despite of incentives being offered by all seventeen Vermont electric utility companies, E-mowers still cost more than conventional mowers. While these higher prices create a significant barrier, there are many ways that this barrier can be overcome, including:
The existing 6 to 8+ hour run-time of commercial electric mowers:
While the maximum run-time provided by the current generation of commercial electric mowers of around 6 to 8+ hours is typically adequate in situations where employees work a standard 8 hour day (e.g. municipal and state grounds/public works departments, schools, colleges, universities, etc.), this may not be sufficient run-time for contractors whose employees operate their mowers for more than 7 to 8 hours a day.
This technical barrier will disappear as run-time increases, and more manufacturers incorporate swappable batteries and fast chargers.


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Indentured Servants. Indentured Servants. Reasons for Indentured Servants. A. To make money in the colonies many people grew crops. The more crops they grew, the more money they made. B. Colonists looked for cheap labor to help them grow more crops to make more money.
Related searches for Indentured Servants
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A. To make money in the colonies many people grew crops. The more crops they grew, the more money they made.
B. Colonists looked for cheap labor to help them grow more crops to make more money.
1. First they tried Native Americans
2. Then they tried Indentured Servants
A. Indentured Servants were usually poor people who wanted to come to the New World but could not afford to pay for their own way over.
B. Landowners in America would pay the way for an Indentured Servant.
C. In exchange for passage to the New World, Indentured Servants would work for the land owner for a period of time
D. When an Indentured Servant had served his or her contract, he or she would be given a pair of clothes and some food and allowed to go and make a life for themselves in the New World. They were then called freemen.
Read the primary source, A Reading: An Eyewitness Account of the Crossing of Indentured Servants, and answer the questions on your notes page.


Tilbake til søkeresultatene
SSF-Svalbard Science Forum
Who is there? - Unravelling the biodiversity of sympagic meiofauna in Svalbard
Tildelt: kr 50 999
Prosjektleder:
Prosjektnummer:
333119
Prosjektperiode:
2022 - 2022
Midlene er mottatt fra:
Geografi:
Samarbeidsland:
It is undeniable that sea ice conditions and extent are changing. Formation of fjordic sea ice has become unreliable, the season has changed with later onset of freezing and earlier melt, and much uncertainty evolves around how this will affect the community that inhabits the microscopic brine channels within sea ice. Sympagic meiofauna are tiny invertebrates living inside of sea ice and are not much studied due to the expertise knowledge associated with their identification. However, it is essential to be able to identify the inhabitants of the sea ice labyrinth to the lowest taxonomic level possible to assess the potential ecological implications changing conditions will have on these critters. We are uncertain about what concrete role sea ice plays in their life cycle and whether they are dependent on it for reproduction and development. Identifying "who" rather than "what" lives in sea ice might aid us in answering such questions. It is vital information needed to assess what biodiversity we might be losing. In addition to traditional taxonomic methods, molecular tools have proven to be extremely useful, especially in uncovering cryptic species and hidden biodiversity. The application of metabarcoding to investigate not only the ice algal community, but also the meiofauna and potential fungal diversity, in fjordic ice, has not been done before in Svalbard. We want to use this approach to map the sea ice biodiversity, from different locations, to complement our taxonomic data. The data will also become more comparable with other studies this way, as metabarcoding is at the forefront of biodiversity studies.
Aktivitet:
SSF-Svalbard Science Forum


text: An EMG signal shows almost one-to-one relationship with the corresponding muscle. Therefore, each joint motion can be estimated relatively easily based on the EMG signals to control wearable robots. However, necessary EMG signals are not always able to be measured with every user. On the other hand, an EEG signal is one of the strongest candidates for the additional input signals to control wearable robots. Since the EEG signals are available with almost all people, an EEG based method can be applicable to many users. However, it is more difficult to estimate the user's motion intention based on the EEG signals compared with the EMG signals. In this paper, a user's motion estimation method is proposed to control the wearable robots based on the user's motion intention. In the proposed method, the motion intention of the user is estimated based on the user's EMG and EEG signals. The EMG signals are used as main input signals because the EMG signals have higher correlation with the motion. Furthermore, the EEG signals are used to estimate the part of the motion which is not able to be estimated based on EMG signals because of the muscle unavailability.


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Anisotropic path searching for automatic neuron reconstruction
Department of Neurobiology
Medical Subject Headings
*Algorithms; Animals; Anisotropy; Drosophila; Image Enhancement; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Microscopy; Neurons; Pattern Recognition, Automated
Neuroscience and Neurobiology
Full reconstruction of neuron morphology is of fundamental interest for the analysis and understanding of their functioning. We have developed a novel method capable of automatically tracing neurons in three-dimensional microscopy data. In contrast to template-based methods, the proposed approach makes no assumptions about the shape or appearance of neurite structure. Instead, an efficient seeding approach is applied to capture complex neuronal structures and the tracing problem is solved by computing the optimal reconstruction with a weighted graph. The optimality is determined by the cost function designed for the path between each pair of seeds and by topological constraints defining the component interrelations and completeness. In addition, an automated neuron comparison method is introduced for performance evaluation and structure analysis. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and has been validated using different types of microscopy data sets including Drosophila's projection neurons and fly neurons with presynaptic sites. In all cases, the approach yielded promising results.
Rights and Permissions
Citation: Med Image Anal. 2011 Oct;15(5):680-9. Epub 2011 May 27. Link to article on publisher's site


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How it works
The UK federation facilitates access control for web resources, by using a set of standards called SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language). The federation is software agnostic, although the most widely-deployed software products are developed by the Shibboleth Project.
- What is Identity Federation? - a 5 minute introductory video from one of the pioneers of the UK federation (now working at GÉANT)
- The Shibboleth Concepts pages provide information about SAML Single Sign-On. Much of the "Understanding the Basics" and "More Concepts" sections are software agnostic.
- How to benefit from interfederating through eduGAIN describes how the UK federation and other Research and Education federations interoperate.
- UK federation Service documents - in-depth documents about the UK federation.