What effect could wearables have on email marketing?
While marketing departments are still heavily engrossed in formulating strategies for conquering mobile users, another hyped-up and disruptive technology is here to make their tasks even more challenging. Yes, we are talking about wearable devices.
We have already seen the emergence of wearable technology, the likes of which include Google Glass, Apple Watch and Samsung's Galaxy Gear. Wearables are indeed the next big thing in the tech world. However, they have also put marketers neck-deep in creating strategies for these devices.
While there's been plenty of speculation about how wearable tech can affect existing marketing strategies, things are definitely going to be more challenging for email marketers.
Anxiety of an email marketer
The way technology is evolving, especially those related to wearables and online communication it is more than likely that very soon we will be receiving emails in radically different ways. Google, for example, has already taken steps in that direction. The tech-giant is redesigning its signature product, Gmail to make it wearable-ready.
But that's still a little way off. At present, wearables seem to be bad news for email marketers. The technology does not allow you to send emails and track device-wearing ROI or user engagement metrics.
According to the wearable UX guidelines provided by Google/Android, we are less likely to see anything beyond the ability to browse the inbox, or postpone, flag and delete emails on wearable devices, based on the email's subject line and/or preheader text for now.
This indicates a change in user behavior. The wearers are likely is to engage with your email campaigns in the following ways:
 1. They would scan and prioritize emails
 2. Read only the prioritized emails on their smartphone for further interaction
 3. Use a desktop/laptop computer to make further interaction or for purchasing
This is not necessarily a bad from a marketing standpoint. In fact, this means new opportunities for marketers to create relevant marketing messages based on the wearer's location, physical health and proximity to others.
Starbucks is already leveraging the technology with its wearable Android app, "Wearbucks". Designed for smart watches, this app not only allows the wearer to pay for Starbucks, but also sends targeted marketing messages if there is a Starbucks store nearby, reminding you to have a coffee-break or to redeem your reward-points. This is indeed a smart way to integrate email marketing campaigns into your wearable marketing strategy.
Marketers therefore need to optimize their email campaigns for wearable devices before the technology takes a stronghold on the industry. Here's how wearable technology will affect email marketing and what you should do to deal with it.
Influence people to interact with "wearable emails"
Let's take the example of Starbucks' wearable app. Imagine you are about to cross a Starbuck store when you suddenly get an email notification right on your smartwatch reminding you to redeem your points at the store or prompting you to visit the coffee shop to enjoy their new "Frappuccino".
Such triggered emails, based on context, are a great weapon in the battle against the challenges posed by wearable technology. But in order to influence this behavioral change you need to focus on your subject line. What you need here is interesting and effective subject lines for your email marketing messages in order to induce the interest of your target audience(s).
While an effective subject line is essential for any email marketing campaign, it is even more crucial when your message is being read on a wearable device. Due to the smaller screen size of these devices, the first thing users will see is the subject line. It is therefore your best chance to get their attention as well as convince them to read your email.
Treat it as a convergence between various vital channels such as SMS, email and social. We are in fact facing the time when short messages will be near-indistinguishable and users will have the ability to receive and respond to these messages directly from their wearable devices.
Focus on wearable email design
Even if you haven't heard this term before, "wearable email design" is a possibility in the near future. At present, there are no wearable email clients, but people are stressing on this concept and its potentials. How email interaction on wearable devices will be affected by the style of an email remains unclear as of now, but rumor has it that plain text emails will resurrect. The focus is basically on minimalist approaches and clear, readable text.
The concept of simple, clear and engaging emails is nothing new. In fact, these are an integral part of any successful email campaign. Almost all leading email marketers and solution providers have been using them to create successful email designs that convert. But what is new is the other aspects of the wearable email designs.
According to Android's developer documents, the trend would be to provide short bursts of information as well as control through voice actions.
We are therefore likely to see wearable emails with:
 - Effective subject lines and preheader text, optimized for the small screens of wearable devices. In addition, they should offer extreme brevity to compel people to take desired actions
 - Email interactions connecting with wearable applications such as providing directions to a nearby store via email content
 - Users engaging with emails via voice control, something like Starbucks' wearable app where you need to proclaim "Ok Google, start paying for Starbucks."
 - Using simple plain-text emails that are readable on wearable devices.
As a marketer, you should never take wearable emails for responsive emails. There are stark differences. The responsive emails at least had a precedent, the Web. Besides, there were software to test responsive emails. But with wearable email marketing, it's a virgin land yet to be explored. We can therefore only anticipate new patterns and trends and define them as well, as we proceed.
This makes one thing clear that the future of marketing and technology is very much unpredictable. But again, the influence of the "latest and greatest" devices will continue to be huge on the marketing industry. They will continue to pose challenges and as marketers, we will keep on formulating a viable solution for them. In conclusion, it is an exciting period for technology
Welcome to Memeburn


text:
General Laborer - Construction Job in Mandeville, LA
Location: Mandeville, LA
Job Type: Temp
Job Ref Code: 25-32-4447
Are you a quick learner who's good at performing a variety of tasks? Can you be ready to work at a different worksite from one day to the next? Do you prioritize the safety of your co-workers and yourself? Well if you have any of these skills, interests, and abilities in you, then we'd love to talk to you about a great opportunity as a General Laborer.
The job responsibilities may include the following:
- Manually moving freight, stock, or other materials.
- Cleaning and preparing a job site as well as loading and delivering materials.
- Using a variety of tools and equipment such as blowtorches, forklifts, levels, lifts, power drills, grinders, saws, pressure washers, and water spraying equipment.
- Setting up and taking down ladders, scaffolding, and other temporary structures.
- Helping carpenters, masons, and other specialized contractors.
- Controlling traffic at road construction sites, setting up markers, cones and barricades as well as flagging vehicles to control traffic flow.
- Working outdoors in all kinds of weather or indoors without heating or air conditioning.
- Safety training and certification for handling dangerous substances, like lead, asbestos, and other chemicals.
- Completing on-the-job training programs, working with a mentor, and learning basic job and safety principles.
- Adhering to safety standards and maintaining safe storage areas.
- Ensuring the machines, equipment, and components receive proper cleaning and maintenance.
- Obtaining required technical knowledge to use various tools or computerized machines.
- Carrying or lifting heavy objects as well as squatting, kneeling, bending, or crawling in awkward positions.
You will also need to:
- Have physical strength, hand-eye coordination, endurance, depth perception, and the ability to concentrate on job responsibilities.
- Be continually attentive and mindful of your surroundings to keep yourself and co-workers safe.
- Be able to understand and communicate information. English language is also essential.
- Wear protective equipment/gear as necessary (glove, eye-wear, hard-hat, steel-toes, etc.)
What you may gain while on the job:
- Staying active — This job will keep you busy and constantly moving throughout the day.
- Communication skills — provide information and coordinating with supervisors, co-workers, and external partners to carry out job logistics and daily responsibilities.
- Learning opportunity — a chance to pick up a wide variety of useful skills.
- Teaching & mentoring skills — helping train and prepare new employees for the job.
- Rewarding career — opportunities for advancement to supervisory or management roles.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The initial brief from the client called for a structure that would prevent people from falling down the public stairwell in Victoria University's Rankine Brown Library. The client did not wish to have a structure that would appear like a 'cage'. The Rankine Brown building was built in the 1960's, with the north stairwell being a ten storey stairwell formed from concrete around a central 'well' area giving vertiginous views downwards – accentuated by the low balustrades which were built to the building codes of a different era. The new design takes a sculptural approach – filling the void with a sculptural lantern to make the stairwell safe – rather than the obvious solution of making a 'cage' around the edge of the stair structure. [More information…]
The key concept of the design was to take an observer's thought away from the primary purpose of "fall-prevention"; the idea of the sculptural lantern being an object to observe and walk around, which by taking your attention in this way then subtly removes the temptation to jump or throw objects down the gaping shaft. The second key concept was not to "target harden." That is; the idea of building something to withstand all possible damage that people might inflict, and in the process encouraging them to test that strength. Instead, the idea being that by designing something that becomes a valuable feature, although it may be less bullet-proof it encourages pride and care. By not fixing structure to the stairs and landings we avoided making a cage that is formed by the surrounding structure. We looked at many types of intervention and came to the solution of a tube in a square hole (the stair void), which would allow views to other landings and some limited views down the entire shaft in the corners, so that the height could still be perceived a little, but with the actual potential to fall removed, and the sense of a drop down the yawning 10 storey shaft greatly reduced. By making the tube from a translucent material (PLEXIGLAS® Multi-Skin-Sheet SDP 16) it became a light sculpture in the stairwell. The selection of a translucent (instead of clear) PLEXIGLAS® reinforces the simple form. The fabrication of the translucent tube from PLEXIGLAS® also allowed it to be lightweight and consequently need less structure for support. This in turn allowed it be cheaper, require less scaffolding to put in place, be faster to build and have less impact on the operation of the library which is in use all year around, and at all hours. A clip system was designed to hold in place vertical slats formed from plastic, which are the same size and can be replaced if required. One clip was designed and fabricated for all the connections. The cost is in the mould and so having extra clips made in the future as replacements or for other stairs can be cheaply done. The slats are clipped on to steel wires which are tensioned to the entire height of the stairwell. The plastic panels selected are highly durable but there remains the potential for damage. Given this, the design is based on the need to occasionally replace a panel and so the cut of the panels was designed to be simple and not require much machining, and to cover this possibility spare panels were ordered when the project was built. Using flood lights, one located at the ground and one at the top floor ceiling, allows the lantern to glow pleasantly. The light fittings were chosen after testing by a photometric computer simulation to provide uniform lighting. The circle of wires supporting the slats also forms a protective barrier around the light fitting so that no one will be burnt by the heat of the light.
Tennent & Brown
Product you are using
PLEXIGLAS® Stegplatte weiss W1621
Thickness of Material


text:
Infant language researcher earns top faculty award
ON THE GREEN | Roberta Golinkoff, H. Rodney Sharp Chair in the School of Education, is not only an educator in the traditional sense of the word, teaching students in University classrooms, she is also an educator of the public. She writes and speaks to diverse audiences of researchers, parents, teachers and healthcare professionals about how children learn.
In recognition of her work, Golinkoff was selected as the 2011 recipient of the Francis Alison Award, the University's highest faculty honor, which was established in 1978 to recognize scholarship, professional achievements and dedication. She also is a faculty member in the departments of Psychology and of Linguistics and Cognitive Science.
Early in her 36-year career at UD, Golinkoff developed a method to assess language comprehension in babies who do not yet speak. Because of her research, it is now known that infants do not sit passively while words wash over them, but instead they are actively analyzing what they hear and extracting language's rules and regularities.
Letters from Golinkoff's scholarly peers underscore the importance of her work, noting that she has "altered our understanding of how children learn language and develop thought." Yale University's Edward Zigler, the driving force behind Head Start in the 1960s, says that he "would be hard pressed to name a scholar that I admire more than Roberta."
To support her work, Golinkoff has received sizable grants from the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Children's Health and Human Development. She has also won a prestigious John Simon Guggenheim fellowship and a James McKeen Cattell sabbatical award.
In 2009, the American Psychological Association awarded her the Distinguished Service to Psychological Science Award, and this spring she received the Urie Bronfenbrenner Award for Lifetime Contribution to Developmental Psychology in the Service of Science and Society.
Golinkoff's books include Einstein Never Used Flash Cards: How Our Children Really Learn and Why They Need to Play More and Memorize Less, which explores the importance of play in children's lives.
She has given a congressional briefing and continues to present at the U.S. Department of Education on early childhood education.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


History of the Site
Named after its original owner and operator, Thomas Ryan, Ryan's Mart opened on July 1, 1856. It came to be after a city ordinance banned slave auctions around the Old Exchange Building, previously Charleston's busiest slave trading destination. It was later sold to local slave trader Ziba Oakes, at which point it became known as "the Mart." It operated for seven years, closing in 1863 when Union bombardment forced its evacuation and closure. Slave trading continued in other parts of Charleston until February 1865, when the city was reclaimed by the U. S. Army.
The Old Slave Mart Museum is located at the site of Ryan's Mart, Charleston's most prominent location for public slave auctions on the eve of the American Civil War.
Ryan's Mart was a four-building complex that stretched from Chalmers Street to Queen Street. The Old Slave Mart Museum is housed in the Mart's last remaining structure, which served as a salesroom and showroom. During its years of operation, Ryan's Mart also included a kitchen, an infirmary, a four-story jail where enslaved people were confined prior to sale, and a large enclosed lot used as a slave pen.
After the Civil War, former property that made up the Mart was broken up and served a variety of roles, including as tenement housing for local African Americans. In 1938, Miriam B. Wilson opened the Old Slave Mart Museum in the former salesroom building at Chalmers. Privately owned for its first fifty years, the museum was acquired in 1988 by the City of Charleston, who renovated and reopened it in 2007.


text:
A UK Paper-Ballot ElectionThis is quick tour of the voting process from when the polls open (typically 7am in the UK) until they close (typically 10pm) on polling day (often a Thursday in the UK), and then how the votes are counted and the results declared.
1: The polling station will have large clear signs outside; you have to find the correct polling station for your ward/area/constituency...
2:...but you should have been notified of that by post, with the notices typically showing a simple map. (This postcard notice was for a General Election.)
Postal votes are available if you will not be able to vote in person, eg if you are out of the country on polling day.
3: When you walk into the polling station you will usually be able to see the ballot box, and the officials who will issue you with your ballot paper with which you cast your vote (or votes).
You can see various signs pinned up such as "APPLY HERE for BALLOT PAPERS", offering the use of a magnifying glass if you need one to complete your vote, and listing the candidates and voting method. Not all UK elections are "first past the post" with a single vote, for example.
The officials check that no one person's vote is used more than once, and tally up the total number of ballot papers issued in order to help verify that all the ballots make it safely to the count.
4: The offical will hand you a fresh ballot paper, typically torn off a pad (the officials keep all the unused forms to be counted to double-check that all the filled-in ones arrived at the count, for example), and possibly folded in half to save you having to do it.
5: Then you take your ballot paper to one of the voting booths, and out of site of anyone else, cast your vote(s) by marking X or numbers as appropriate.
6: Having cast your vote, you drop your vote in through the slot in the top of the ballot box without letting anyone else see how you voted. You can see various seals and locks on the box to prevent anyone tampering with its contents, and labels to help keep track of it.
7: When voting finished for the day, each ballot box is sealed shut so that no more ballots can be inserted.
8: Each ballot box is then taken to be counted, immediately or maybe the next day.
9: In the case of the Brighton and Hove local elections in May 2007, the boxes were stored overnight in the main count room, watched over by CCTV, security guards and the police.
10: As the count begins, first the ballot papers are counted to make sure that all of them arrived safely, then the votes themselves are recorded. Depending on the voting mechanism there may be more than one vote on each ballot paper.
Note that the count can be observed in the count room by the candidates and their agents; no press or news organisation is allowed access, though they can typically watch from a balcony.
11: As the results are finalised for each seat being decided, a "declaration" is made, either by the Returning Officer or on their behalf, indicating the winner(s) of the poll/vote for that seat.


希望理論からみたグローバル人材育成者の教育観How can Hope Theory help Japanese professional educators produce globally competent human resources?鈴木, 繁夫Suzuki, Shigeoグローバル人材希望理論ユニバーサル段階大学教育Global human resourcesHope theoryUniversal accessCollege educationThe Japanese buzz word Gurobaru-jinzai has been popular, particularly in the economic and the educational sectors, since 2010 in Japan. Without any serious awareness of the differences between globalization and globalism, the word is frequently used to represent globally competent Japanese people capable of working in any foreign country. Several highly-motivated educators have initiated programs suitable for producing this type of employee at the higher educational level, withstanding the harsh surroundings of unsympathetic colleagues, less motivated students, and lenient school administrators. What continues to energize the educators is in part an optimism anchored in positive psychology, but the most important factor is that mindset conceptualized through hope theory: a cognitive set of beliefs in outcome value, goal-directed determination, and mental flexibility in planning how to attain goals. These educators' hope, as the source of their professional energy, is resonating with the demand from the economic and the educational spheres.名古屋大学人文学研究科2018-03-31jpndepartmental bulletin paperhttps://doi.org/10.18999/jouhunu.1.31http://hdl.handle.net/2237/00028171https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/_PHONE_.18999/jouhunu.1.312433-233X名古屋大学人文学研究論集13153https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/25966/files/jouhunu_1_5.pdfapplication/pdf752.2 kB2018-05-18


Between source data difference document and source
datasource Difference between Database and Data Source
difference between source data and source document
Difference Between info source and data source. What is the difference between source file, executable file what is the difference between a data file object file is the intermediate form between source and, the source document. when a business transaction occurs, a document known as the source document captures the key data of the transaction. the source document.
What is the difference between primary and secondary sources
Data Connections Data Sources Connection Strings-Report. What's the difference between open source or gaming consoles connect to a global network of computers using open source software to route and transmit their data, 1 the difference between electronic and paper documents in principle, the document, i.e. its data, still exists and in systems such as windows and mac os, an.
Chapter 8 what is the difference between open-source and closed-source data? open source information consists of databases, message boards, media sources/outlets the difference between primary and secondary sources of data. length: 2146 words (6.1 double-spaced pages) rating: excellent. open document
What is the difference between what is the difference between a primary and secondary source? what is the difference between a primary and secondary source? one of the friends in c-sharpcorner has asked me for help displaying the difference of data show the difference of the data between "data source =(local
27/05/2015в в· hi all, can anyone let me know the exact difference between internal table view & source table view,when i viewed the table structure in a qlikview document i was not a data source is any a common scenario when it comes to microsoft word using a data source is for word to make a mail merge from data taken from an excel document.
What is the difference between source file, executable file what is the difference between a data file object file is the intermediate form between source and a source document provides evidence and supporting detail for a important data and facts . the difference between bookkeeping and accounting for small
Different kinds of sources. example: difference between source and reference official documents, such as census data and legal texts; can anyone explain in simple terms what the difference is between configuration management what is the difference between configuration management in a source
Sql vs. nosql databases: whatвђ™s the difference? an open-source computing and data analysis platform retrieving and managing data thatвђ™s document-oriented what's the difference between primary and secondary sources? primary and secondary sources; they are the documents or artifacts closest to the topic of
SSRS Interview Questions What is the difference between
difference between source data and source document
The Difference between Primary and Secondary Sources of. Course description overview. is there a difference between source data verifying (sdv) and source data reviewing (sdr)? the use of the abbreviation sdv is very common, flowchart vs data flow diagram вђў the main difference between flow chart and data flow diagram describes the path of data from external source to.
What is the difference between primary and secondary sources. Open-source intelligence (osint) is data collected from publicly available sources to and television from across and between countries. internet, online, source documents and вђўsource document/data is unavailable вђўpromote data sharing between the study team and other institutions..
Qlikview data compression From source to QVW to QVD
difference between source data and source document
Difference between various open-source software licenses. Ssrs interview questions - what is the difference between data source and dataset in ssrs data source is a set of data source connection properties. _URL_ Working together with word, excel and if you edit the data in the source file, the only difference between them is a slight colour change..
 - Difference of a DATA SOURCE and a DATA BASE LANSA
 - Difference Between info source and data source
 - Difference between the data source and the main document
 - Providing clarity on the definitions of source data verification (sdv) and source data consistency check between source the source documents but not computer dictionary definition for what source data means including related links, information, and terms.
 View notes - the difference between primary and secondary sources of data(assignment) from bus. 301 at humber college. the difference between primary and secondary can anyone explain in simple terms what the difference is between configuration management what is the difference between configuration management in a source
 December 2012 differences between source documents and case report form glossary 1.52 вђ"source documents ,data,andrecords different kinds of sources. example: difference between source and reference official documents, such as census data and legal texts;
 Hello all,can you please share the copa extraction steps and also advise why difference between lo and copa extraction and edit your data source to select 27/05/2015в в· hi all, can anyone let me know the exact difference between internal table view & source table view,when i viewed the table structure in a qlikview document i was not
 Comparing two data sources for differences with all of the shared attributes between the here is a link to a short document assembled by the aicpa a source document provides evidence and supporting detail for a important data and facts . the difference between bookkeeping and accounting for small
 30/10/2009в в· best answer: the main document is usually the presentation tool, how the data is displayed to the user. the data source is where the data comes understand the differences between linked objects and embedded objects. the main differences between linked objects and linked data is stored in the source
 What's the difference between primary and secondary sources? primary and secondary sources; they are the documents or artifacts closest to the topic of different kinds of sources. example: difference between source and reference official documents, such as census data and legal texts;
 difference between source data and source document
 Open source, open science and open data are all parts of the same endeavor of creating the commons. a key difference between open data and open source. source documents and вђўsource document/data is unavailable вђўpromote data sharing between the study team and other institutions.


Manpages
NAME
dh-exec - Debhelper executable file helpers
SYNOPSIS
#! /usr/bin/dh-exec
src/libfoo-*.so.* debian/foo-plugins/usr/lib/foo/${DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH}/
etc/example.conf => debian/foo/etc/foo/foo.conf
[linux-any kfreebsd-any] some-arch-specific-file /usr/lib/foo/
DESCRIPTION
dh-exec is a simple program, meant to be used as the interpreter for executable debhelper config files.
It is a wrapper around the various other sub-commands (see below), and will pipe the input file through all of them in turn, using an ordering that makes most sense in the vast majority of cases.
The order as of now is dh-exec-subst gets run first, followed by dh-exec-install, so that variable expansion happens before files need to be copied.
FILTERING
In all dh-exec handled files, lines can be pre- or post-fixed with a list of architectures for which the rest of the line should apply to. All architectures and wildcards known by dpkg-architecture(1) are recognised, even negated ones.
ARCHITECTURE
dh-exec is built up from three layers: there is the dh-exec utility, its single entry point, the only thing one will need to call.
Below that, there are the various sub-commands, such as dh-exec-subst, dh-exec-filter, dh-exec-install and dh-exec-illiterate, which are thin wrappers around the various dh-exec scripts, that make sure they only run those that need to be run.
And the lowest layer are the various scripts that do the actual work.
One can control which sub-commands to run, or if even more granularity is desired, one can limit which scripts shall be run, too. See below for the options!
OPTIONS
--with=command[,command ...]
Replace the list of sub-commands to run the input through with a custom list (where entries are separated by whitespace or commas). This option will always replace the existing list with whatever is specified.
This can be used to explicitly set which sub-commands to use.
The list must not include the dh-exec- prefix.
Defaults to subst,install.
--without=command[,command ...]
Inversely to the option above, this lists all the sub-commands which should not be used.
The list must not include the dh-exec- prefix.
--with-scripts=script[,script ...]
Replace the list of scripts to run the input through with a custom list (where entries are separated by whitespace or commas). This option will always replace the existing list with whatever is specified.
This can be used to explicitly specify which scripts to use, limiting even beyond what the --with option is capable of.
The list must not include the dh-exec- prefix.
By default it is empty, meaning there is no filtering done, and whatever scripts the sub-commands find, will be run.
--no-act
Do not really do anything, but print the pipeline that would have been run instead.
--list
List the available sub-commands and scripts, grouped by sub-command.
--help, --version
Display a short help or the package version, respectively.
SUB-COMMANDS
dh-exec-subst
Substitutes various variables (either from the environment, or from dpkg-architecture(1)).
dh-exec-filter
Filters the input in various ways (architecture restrictions, build profiles, and so on).
dh-exec-install
An extension to dh_install(1), that supports renaming files during the copy process, using a special syntax.
ENVIRONMENT
DH_EXEC_LIBDIR
The directory in which the wrapped sub-commands reside. Defaults to /usr/lib/dh-exec/.
DH_EXEC_SCRIPTDIR
The directory in which the scripts that do the heavy work live. Defaults to /usr/share/dh-exec/.
FILES
$DH_EXEC_LIBDIR/dh-exec-*
The various sub-commands.
$DH_EXEC_SCRIPTDIR/dh-exec-*
The various scripts ran by the sub-commands.
SEE ALSO
debhelper(1), dh-exec-subst(1), dh-exec-filter(1), dh-exec-install(1)
AUTHOR
dh-exec is copyright © 2011-2015 by Software Freedom Conservancy, Inc.
COMMENTS


Cayce, South Carolina
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Cayce, South Carolina
Motto: "A new kind of city"
Location of Cayce, South Carolina
Location of Cayce, South Carolina
Coordinates: 33°57′48″N 81°4′0″W / 33.96333°N 81.06667°W / 33.96333; -81.06667Coordinates: 33°57′48″N 81°4′0″W / 33.96333°N 81.06667°W / 33.96333; -81.06667
Country United States
State South Carolina
County Lexington
 - Mayor Elise Parton
 - Total 17.4 sq mi (45.1 km2)
 - Land 16.6 sq mi (43.1 km2)
 - Water 0.8 sq mi (2.0 km2)
Elevation 240 ft (73 m)
Population (2010)
 - Total 12,528
 - Density 720/sq mi (280/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 29033
Area code(s) 803
FIPS code 45-12655[1]
GNIS feature ID _PHONE_[2]
Cayce is a city in Lexington and Richland counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina, along the Congaree River. The population was 12,528 at the 2010 census.[3] It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cayce lies mostly across the Congaree River from the state capital of Columbia, with a newly annexed section on the Richland County side awaiting development. Because both it and the neighboring city of West Columbia share road names and schools, they are sometimes referred to jointly as "Cayce-West Columbia". However, they are politically separate cities.
The Congaree River has always played a dominant role in Cayce's development. Cayce and other local governments jointly developed the Riverwalk along the Congaree, which provides walking, jogging, and nature observation opportunities. Development on both sides of the river is an important factor driving the city's economy.
The William J. Cayce house
European settlement of the area dates back to the 18th century, when the area was considered part of Granby, a town that later failed due to endemic malaria. A handful of Revolutionary War skirmishes were fought in what is now Cayce. The town was incorporated in 1914 and named for local businessman William J. Cayce.
Cayce is traversed by I-26 and I-77, and the Columbia Metropolitan Airport (IATA:CAE) is adjacent to the city limits.
 - Elise Partin, Mayor
Cayce is located at 33°57'48" North, 81°3'60" West (33.963203, -81.066596)[4].
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 17.4 square miles (45.1 km2), of which 16.6 square miles (43.1 km2) is land and 0.77 square miles (2.0 km2), or 4.22%, is water.[3]
As of the census[1] of 2000, there are 12,150 people in the city, organized into 5,133 households and 3,079 families. The population density is 1,114.6 people per square mile (430.4/km²). There are 5,517 housing units at an average density of 506.1 per square mile (195.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 74.55% White, 22.50% African American, 1.08% Asian, 0.26% Native American, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. 1.28% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 5,133 households out of which 24.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% are married couples living together, 14.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% are non-families. 29.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.36 and the average family size is 2.89.
In the city the population is spread out with 20.7% under the age of 18, 14.1% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 86.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 81.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $35,850, and the median income for a family is $43,560. Males have a median income of $30,317 versus $24,408 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,745. 17.0% of the population and 9.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.0% of those under the age of 18 and 8.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
 3. ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Cayce city, South Carolina". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
External links[edit]


text:
Taking It Home, Session 12: Humor (Sandpaper)
In "Toolbox of Faith," a Tapestry of Faith program
IN TODAY'S SESSION...
Today's Toolbox of Faith topic is humor and the Tool of the Day is sandpaper. The sandpaper symbolizes humor, a tool which smoothes the rough edges of life. In this session, participants engaged in and reflected on humor and laughter, and examined their place in helping us survive and enjoy the life we are given. We emphasized that humor can be an affirmation of life and a source of inner spiritual strength that helps us connect to others and look honestly at ourselves.
We explored humor to illustrate that:
- Unitarian Universalism is a faith that will help you be affirmed in life and connected to all beings through laughter
- Unitarian Universalism values respect for the interdependent web of all existence of which we are a part (seventh Principle)
- Unitarian Universalism affirms the direct experience of that transcending mystery and wonder, affirmed in all cultures, which moves us to a renewal of the spirit and an openness to the forces which create and uphold life. (first Source).
The children examined the difference between humor that is cruel — such as jokes based on stereotypes — and humor that opens us up to healing laughter. We emphasized that humor can heal when we laugh with others, and can harm when we laugh at others.
EXPLORE THE TOPIC TOGETHER. Talk about...
Can you think of times when you have encountered humor as an affirmation of life, or to teach or learn a lesson? Can you share an example? Have you experienced humor that is cruel? What happened?
What do you think about humor as a religious tool? Have you ever experienced humor in this way?
EXTEND THE TOPIC TOGETHER. Try...
Share laughter and humor in as many ways as you can together, by playing silly games, making faces, reading humorous stories out loud, and enjoying humorous family anecdotes. If you notice a moment when you are using humor to soften some pain in life — even a small hurt or disappointment — point this out to your child.
Find out if there is a Laughter Club in your area and join in for a session. For information and a directory of local Laughter Clubs, visit the Dr. Kataria School of Laughter Yoga website. On the website, find some laughter exercises.
Go together to the Scholastic Books website and use Dav Pilkey's Name Change-O-Chart to make silly names for each person in your family. Your family might enjoy reading together Captain Underpants and the Perilous Plot of Professor Poopypants by Dav Pilkey (Scholastic/Blue Sky Press, 2000) or others in the Captain Underpants series.
A FAMILY RITUAL
For a week, invite each family member to share a "joke of the day" at breakfast or at dinner.
This work is made possible by the generosity of individual donors and congregations. Please consider making a donation today.
Last updated on Friday, June 22, 2012.
- About the Authors
- Session 1
- Session 2
- Session 3
- Session 4
- Session 5
- Session 6
- Session 7
- Session 8
- Session 9
- Session 10
- Session 11
- Session 12
- Session 13
- Session 14
- Session 15
- Session 16
- List of Stories
- List of Handouts
- List of Leader Resources


View all news
Wireless Internationalism and Distant Listening
2 June 2020
This book offers a comprehensive and original analysis of international broadcasting in the 1920s and 1930s.
It connects the history of broadcasting with the developing new field of the history of internationalism, and with histories of sound and listening and it significantly revises our understanding of British international broadcasting, showing how the government shaped the nature and content of BBC international broadcasts.
Edit this page


How To Calculate R Value In Excel
How To Calculate R Value In Excel. To calculate a r value from a thermal conductivity value you would need to do the following. Write the value in the open dialog box.
How to Calculate the r value on Excel YouTube from _URL_
Here's what that formula looks like in our example: Write the value in the open dialog box. Tutorial shows how to calculate a linear regression line using excel.
In This Example, The X Variable Is The Height And The Y Variable Is The Weight.
Here's what that formula looks like in our example: Calculating gage r&r using an excel spreadsheet. You can then use the formula to calculate your r value:
Of Observation) Is 10 And R=0.5.
For each measurement calculate the squared difference between means. From the above image, we have found the t = 1.6329…. And we will verify the manual calculation of "r" value against the value calculated by minitab and excel.
If You Want To Calculate Youself, You May Use Either The Following Formula (But There Is A Difference With The One Provided In The Chart) =Correl(A2:A6,C2:C6)^2 =Rsq(A2:A6,C2:C6)
Discover the world's research 20+ million members It is a statistical term that measures the linear correlation between two data. The number of predictor variables;
Now To Assess The Significant Value Associated With T, Simply Use The Tdist Function.
You will see the simple formula for it in the next paragraphs. The values for the predictor variable; The values for the response variable;
R Is Then The Correlation Between Height And Weight.
Learn how to use the correl function and to manually calculate the correlation coefficient (r) in excel 2010. Write the value in the open dialog box. To calculate a r value from a thermal conductivity value you would need to do the following.
Leave a Comment


text:
Nebula glass panels offer an awe-inspiring glimpse into the cosmos, capturing the mesmerizing beauty of celestial phenomena. These panels artfully depict the vast clouds of gas and dust scattered throughout space, often illuminated by the brilliance of distant stars. Drawing inspiration from the intricate patterns and vibrant hues found within nebulae, these glass panels bring the wonders of the universe into architectural and interior design.
Crafted using specialized techniques, Nebula glass panels achieve a remarkable level of detail and realism. Various pigments, coatings, and laminations are meticulously applied to replicate the rich colors and swirling patterns characteristic of nebulae. Each panel is a testament to the artistry and innovation inherent in modern glass manufacturing.
The result is a stunning visual display that captivates observers, evoking a sense of wonder and fascination. Whether installed in residential homes, commercial spaces, or public venues, these glass panels serve as focal points, sparking conversation and igniting imaginations.
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, these glass panels offer practical benefits as well. Their durable construction ensures longevity, allowing them to withstand the rigors of daily use while maintaining their beauty. Additionally, their versatility allows for customization to suit various design preferences and spatial requirements. Designers and architects can tailor the dimensions, patterns, and opacity levels of Nebula to seamlessly integrate them into any environment.
Moreover, these panels contribute to creating immersive atmospheres that enhance the overall ambiance of a space. Whether used as decorative accents, room dividers, or architectural features, Nebula infuse interiors with a sense of cosmic grandeur. They invite viewers to contemplate the vastness of the universe and ponder humanity's place within it.
In conclusion, Nebula glass panels represent a harmonious fusion of art, science, and design. By bringing the celestial wonders of nebulae into the realm of architecture and interior decor, these panels inspire creativity, evoke emotion, and elevate the aesthetic experience.
To get information about purchasing this product, please get in touch with us.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Use multiple Ledger devices
The Ledger Live application can be used with multiple Ledger devices. You can either use multiple devices yourself or share a computer with multiple people each owning a device(s).
Add accounts from multiple devices
A Ledger device gives access to the crypto asset accounts associated with the 24-word recovery phrase it was configured with.
Devices with different recovery phrases
If you have set up multiple devices with different recovery phrases, each device controls a different set of accounts. In that case, follow these tips:
 - First, add the accounts linked to the first device, and repeat for your other device(s).
 - Name the accounts such as to know which device it belongs to, assuming that you've labeled the devices.
 - Always connect the device that controls the selected account when sending or receiving
Devices with the same recovery phrase
If you've set up one device and restored the same recovery phrase on another, both devices control the same accounts. In that case, both hardware wallets can be used interchangeably with Ledger Live. You can freely add accounts, as well as verify and sign transactions with either of the two devices.
Share a computer with multiple people
To share a computer with multiple owners of a Ledger device:
 - Add a user account in your operating system for each person.
 - Log in to your personal user account to use Ledger Live with your hardware wallet(s).
Was this article helpful?
921 out of 1587 found this helpful


text:
AB Development Studies Program
The Bachelor of Arts major in Development Studies was established in 1986. This degree program is ideal for individuals who want to make effective contributions to the continuing effort to improve Philippine society. It combines analytical rigor with practical considerations of development dynamics in the Philippines. Its curriculum provides a healthy balance of socio-economic theories, policy analysis and research and management tools. In a world where "development" in its various dimensions is a central concern and need, systematic theoretical and practical training in this field of study serves as a distinct advantage for the graduates of the AB Development Studies Program.
Development Management involves the application of management principles and practices to the context of social development. The Minor in Development Management is being offered by the Development Studies Program in response to the increasing need for good managers working with social development institutions – managers who do not only have a mastery of development concepts but who also possess management skills that will make them effective change agents. The minor is open to all undergraduate students of the Loyola Schools.


Use the WENE Application Builder for your own MySQL based developments!
Essentially WAB works like that:
 1. Specify a data model and define your table(s) in mySQL e.g. with the mySQL workbench or direct CREATE queries
 2. Define fields and there language dependent descriptions in function _wta_f
 3. For the main table define a business object header in WENE function _wbo_h
 4. Optionally connect joined tables with _wbo_joins to this business object
 5. Define frames and field definitions in _wbo_f
 6. Optionally create a hierarchy of business objects by defining sub business objects and connecting them to the parent business object in _wbo_f
 7. Define a function in _func, assign the function to an existing menu in _fma
… and you have built a function to maintain/display/upload/… MySQL table data in your new WENE application.
SQL queries and HMG processing functionality come in by macros assigned in the WAB functions.
Here the main business object (BO) is _DD_HEAD and the field mappings are defined in a sub business object _DD_FMAP.
Finally define your own WENE app in function _app and you have created a mySQL based application only or mostly with parametrization:
WENE app ab menu:
Of course this WebPage provides just a rough outline and not all parametrization tables available are mentioned.
WAB is a very powerful and flexible tool – it has to be, because all of WENE is built with it.


text:
|標題:||CH(3)NO(2) decomposition/isomerization mechanism and product branching ratios: An ab initio chemical kinetic study|
|作者:||Zhu, R. S.|
Lin, M. C.
National Chiao Tung University
|摘要:||The low-lying energy pathways for the decomposition/isomerization of nitromethane (NM) have been investigated using different molecular orbital methods. Our results show that in addition to the commonly known CH(3) + NO(2) products formed by direct C-N bond breaking and the trans-CH(3)ONO formed by nitro-nitrite isomerization, NM can also isomerize to cis-CH(3)ONO via a very loose transition state (TS) lying 59.2 kcal/mol above CH(3)NO(2) or 0.6 kcal/mol below the CH(3) + NO(2) asymptote predicted at the UCCSD(T)/CBS level of theory. Kinetic results indicate that in the energy range of 59 +/- 1 kcal/mol, production of CH(3)O + NO is dominant, whereas above the C-N bond breaking threshold, the formation of CH(3) + NO(2) sharply increases and becomes dominant. The k(E) values predicted at different energies clearly indicate that CH(3)O + NO could be detected in an infrared multi-photon dissociation study, whereas in UV dissociation experiments with energies high above the C-N bond breaking threshold the CH(3) + NO(2) products are generated predominantly. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.|
|期刊:||CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS|


If you run a doctors' office, you inevitably produce some amount of waste that needs to be properly disposed of according to medical waste disposal laws. However, it's important to know you're not just beholden to federal laws in this regard. You must also know and comply with state laws. With that in mind, all doctors' offices based in South Carolina must pay special attention to the rules and regulations of South Carolina waste management.
South Carolina Waste Management: What Your Doctors' Office Needs to Know about Medical Waste Disposal
Where Does SC Waste Management Fall on the Spectrum?
South Carolina is one of the most stringent states in terms of medical waste removal. State such as Tennessee and North Carolina are much more lax, while Georgia's waste disposal policies are right down the middle. This illustrates an important point. Every state must comply (at a minimum) with federal law, but a state can go above and beyond and require more than is federally mandated.
Also, the physical proximity of states does not necessarily mean their policies will align. For example, North and South Carolina, which share a border, have very different requirements.
How Does South Carolina Waste Management Differ?
South Carolina requires some extra steps in the waste disposal process, including (but not limited to) the following:
 - Each individual container of waste must be weighed. Other states merely require a total weight of the shipment, but South Carolina's paperwork requires those individual numbers.
 - The bill of lading needs to include more detailed information, including where the waste went through the medical incinerator or medical waste autoclave (depending on the type of medical waste). The paperwork even requires you to note who actually operated the medical waste incinerator or medical waste autoclaves in question.
Note, regardless of which state your doctors' office is in, you are always required to keep documentation of what you generated, where it was shipped, and how it was destroyed. If you're ever audited, you will need this paperwork to prove you've been operating in a legal and safe manner.
Waste Management Tips: Best Practices within the Medical Waste Disposal Industry
 - Always work with qualified, knowledgeable, and professional medical waste disposal companies. If your company isn't aware of the different requirements from state to state, they could inadvertently be doing the wrong thing. As the generator of the waste, that liability (financial and otherwise) comes back to you.
 - Choose a reliable medical waste disposal company. If you lose your paperwork for any reason and the state shows up for an audit, you want peace of mind knowing you are working with a company that's organized and thorough enough to have copies of your paperwork on file.
 - Keep your medical disposal paperwork for at least three years. Keep hazardous waste paperwork and documentation for at least five years.
 - Even if you're working with a fantastic waste management company, be diligent and careful about how you store your paperwork. After all, it's proof you're operating in a legal manner. Keep hard copies, but also store these files in the cloud or other online storage and backup platform. This protects you in case of something unexpected and catastrophic (stolen paperwork, fire, etc.).
For more waste disposal tips or information about how waste management policy changes from state to state, please feel free to contact a representative of MCF Environmental Services, a waste management Atlanta company.


text:
The paper analyzes the impact of work technology on the safety of traffic at the Košice railway station. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part describes the characteristics of the Košice railway station, equipment in the station, and external influences that affect the technological procedures of work in the station. The second part consists of analysis according to traffic safety. The conclusion deals with possible proposals for improving the safety of traffic in Košice.
In developing countries like Baghdad, it has seen high growth of urbanization accompanied by the high trip rate, which conduces increased vehicle traffic and human traffic. One of the major problems is the increase in traffic congestion of unplanned development of various structures at various locations. Four-step demand models are important in planning and forecasting future demand. Trip generation is an important step when planning urban infrastructure. In this study, three shopping centers (AL Mansour mall, Babylon mall, and al Waha mall) were selected, trip attraction rates were calculated using two approaches (trip rate analysis method, and Regression analysis method). The number of persons entering and exiting the site for every 15-minute interval during peak hours is estimated. This research considers various physical characteristics of shopping centers, gross floor area (GFA), number of employees and the number of stores in the shopping center. From the data analysis, good relations exist between the dependent variable (trip rate) and various independent variables, and the developed trip rate per GFA per 1000 m2 is 133 person trips and various trip rates are presented through this study.
The interconnection of Eurasia through logistics chains using rail transport as the main mode of transport brings many opportunities for EU member states with Chinas economic potential. Accelerating the import of goods and semi-finished products into domestic industrial production from China by railway may pose a risk to the economic performance of countries that depend on industrial production and its structures.
Logistics audit is an effective tool of logistics management of a company, which serves to analyze and control the efficient and economic implementation of logistics activities. Today, more and more companies apply logistics audit in their practice, because it appears to be a very effective tool in today's turbulent business environment. Such a tool assesses the state and performance of the management of the company's logistics activities. The logistics audit determines changes and settings of individual processes that will lead to an increase in the quality and performance of the logistics system as a whole. Which means increasing the competitiveness of the company. The article focuses specifically on the application of logistics audit within the transport company. Because so far this tool has been applied mainly in the conditions of manufacturing companies and focused on optimizing the logistics of production processes. The article describes the procedure of performing a logistics audit and analyzes the main processes in a transport company.
Increasing population mobility and current trend of creating integrated passenger transport systems are opportunities for finding new possibilities to rationalization the railway passenger transport on those lines, where are no passenger trains or where the traffic service is not optimal nowadays. Precondition of reinstating the railway passenger transport is thorough potential passenger analysis, where there are actual geographic, demographic and transport characteristics of the region, where this line is situated. The contribution describes the passenger transport system, timetables rationalization and standards of traffic service in rail passenger transport. Consequently, according to these outputs and demographic and transport characteristic was proposed the rationalization of traffic service at Zvolen – Šahy transport route.
The liberalization of the rail freight market has been booming in recent years. On a pan-European scale, new freight carriers are increasing year after year. Support for the liberalization of the railway sector is mainly implemented through the so-called railway packages and one of the tools is the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the individual railway stations. The relevance of the article is mainly to propose measures for railway stations, where freight transport is declining despite the liberalized market. These are main railway stations located on regional lines and railway stations with a smaller scope of transport work. The aim of this paper will be to propose measures to support freight transport in the Slovak Republic by setting minimum requirements (standards) for railway stations depending on their performance, respecting their current technical level of railway operation.
This paper focus on description of railway safety system radioblock and its application. Content of the paper describes usefulness of this system on those railway lines, which have been operated according to norm about simplified supervision of railway operation. Theoretical basis of the research is proved by case study on the railway line Číčenice – Volary (Czechia). This railway line is the only railway line with this safety system nowadays. Application of these issues is evaluated from safety and technology point of view. There are some suggestions for other railway lines, which are suitable for radioblock railway safety system.
The paper deals with the analysis of the development of mobile devices and current trends in their use and development. The relevance of the article is in its linking history and present. The article points to milestones in historical development and future trends and development of mobile devices. Today, mobile devices affect all areas of human life, whether private or business. Mobile devices are now able to replace computers and laptops, so the user has the information they always have with them. The development of mobile devices inherently includes systems supporting their functioning, which the article also discusses.
The effectiveness of regional railway lines has been a much discussed theme recently mainly in case of lines which are not sufficient per the capacity requirements of carriers, or vice-versa, which are utilised only to a minimum extent. The article deals with the assessment of options how to utilise the railway line Hodonín - Holíč nad Moravou with respect to its inclusion into Revision of Transport Expenses document. Based on the analysis of present operation situation in that border crossing as well as on the analysis of passenger and freight railway transport operation various options of utilising the line have been investigated with respect to operation and economic options of individual alternatives.
Transport and its major part of transport means is currently based on the internal combustion engine principle. For these engines, the primary energy source is oil, natural gas, coal, biomass and others. These primary energy sources and their processing in refineries and factories are used to produce products that are used to drive engines - fuels. From what energy sources these fuels will be produced and what technology will be used to process and produce them is also an important. This whole process must take the reduction of total emissions into account. Future fuels can be considered synthetically produced diesel or hydrogen, which can later significantly affect the decrease in emissions from their processing, production and subsequent combustion of these more environmentally friendly types of fuels. This article processes analyses and development of basic pollutants, total emissions and energy consumption in the Slovak Republic and the EU. In the second part there is an evaluation of the emissions trend development in transport in the EU and Slovakia.


url = f'{BASE_URL}{request}?token={API_KEY}'
 req = requests.get(url)
 if not req.content:
 return None
 # We only want the data associated with the "response" key
 return json.loads(req.content)['response']
def get_messages_for_group(group_id):
 response = api_request(f'/groups/{group_id}/messages')
 # Just return the messages and none of the metadata
 return response['messages']
class Message:
 def __init__ (self, json):
 self.user_id = json['user_id']
 self.name = json['name']
 self.text = json['text']
class Group:
 def __init__ (self, json):
 self.id = json['group_id']
 self.name = json['name']
 self.messages = []
 self.get_recent_messages()
 def get_recent_messages(self):
 messages = get_messages_for_group(self.id)
 # Convert each message to our object
 for message in messages:
 new_message_object = Message(message)
 self.messages.append(new_message_object)
if __name__ == ' __main__':
 groups_json = api_request('/groups')
 my_group = Group(groups_json[0])
 for message in my_group.messages:
 print(message.text)
 print(f'-- {message.name}')
 print()
The result is the most recent messages for our most recent group:
Hello everyone!
-- Johnny Test
Hi guys I had a question about using @classmethod
-- Alexa Jones
Wow great work!
-- Katie Alendra
We have the data in a manageable format, so it's time to start formatting it in a readable form.
Using Jinja Templates
We've come a long way so far! First, we learned how to make HTTP GET requests to a server. Then, we used GroupMe's API docs to fetch data about different groups and messages, and then we created Python classes to better organize our information. Let's create a Jinja template to print out our data.
Create the Template
First, I'll make a group.html file that has the framework of I want the web page to look like:

GROUP NAME

MESSAGE CONTENT — NAME

With Jinja, variables are inserted into the template using {{ variable_name }}, and logic statements have a form such as:
{% if should_display %}

This message should be displayed

{% endif %}
If we assume that we'll pass a Group() instance into our Jinja template with the variable name group, we can rewrite group.html as:

{{ group.name }}

 {% for message in group.messages %}

{{ message.text }} —{{ message.name }}

 {% endfor %}

Note the {% endif %} and {% endfor %} in the above snippets; they're required for all conditionals and loops.
Populate the Template
With our template written, let's go back to our script and add a section to import our template using jinja2.
with open('group.html', 'r') as f:
 contents = f.read()
template = jinja2.Template(contents)
filled_template = template.render(group=my_group)
with open('output.html', 'w') as f:
 f.write(filled_template)
First, we read the contents of our template file. Because we're only going to use one file, we can just load the text of our template into jinja2.Template, and then we can render the template by passing our my_group variable (from our main script) as group. Finally, we write the contents to output.html to view it in a browser.
Now we have our full script:
import json
import jinja2
import requests
API_KEY = 'YOUR_API_KEY'
BASE_URL = '_URL_
def api_request(request):
 '''Returns the data from a request (eg /groups)'''
 url = f'{BASE_URL}{request}?token={API_KEY}'
 req = requests.get(url)
 if not req.content:
 return None
 # We only want the data associated with the "response" key
 return json.loads(req.content)['response']
def get_messages_for_group(group_id):
 response = api_request(f'/groups/{group_id}/messages')
 # Just return the messages and none of the metadata
 return response['messages']
class Message:
 def __init__ (self, json):
 self.user_id = json['user_id']
 self.name = json['name']
 self.text = json['text']
class Group:
 def __init__ (self, json):
 self.id = json['group_id']
 self.name = json['name']
 self.messages = []
 self.get_recent_messages()
 def get_recent_messages(self):
 messages = get_messages_for_group(self.id)
 # Convert each message to our object
 for message in messages:
 new_message_object = Message(message)
 self.messages.append(new_message_object)
if __name__ == ' __main__':
 groups_json = api_request('/groups')
 my_group = Group(groups_json[0])
 with open('group.html', 'r') as f:
 contents = f.read()
 template = jinja2.Template(contents)
 filled_template = template.render(group=my_group)
 with open('output.html', 'w') as f:
 f.write(filled_template)
Once run, we can view our output.html in a browser:

Python Tips and Tricks

Hello everyone! —Johnny Test

Hi guys I had a question about using @classmethod —Alexa Jones

Wow great work! —Katie Alendra

Output Website
Conclusion
We've walked through how to access and parse a web API using the requests library, how to represent and organize the API data using Python classes, and how to render the information in a custom format using a Jinja template. Now go create your own cool stuff using APIs!
We won't in this walkthrough, but ff we needed to pass multiple parameters in the URL, it'll look like v3/...?limit=10&another_param=1000&token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN)
Typically, json.loads() returns a dict that can contain more dicts, lists, and values like None, strings, and integers. Check out the Python docs for examples.
Posted on by:
nickymarino profile
Nicky Marino
@nickymarino
Scaling and governing machine learning models
Discussion
pic
Editor guide


Office of Recruitment and Admissions
Concurrent enrollment
If you are a high school senior that wishes to enroll at A&M-Corpus Christi during your last year of high school, you may do so by applying for admission through our concurrent enrollment program.
What is concurrent enrollment?
Concurrent enrollment allows you to enroll for a college class or classes (pending approval) prior to graduating from high school. A student admitted to the program enjoys the same rights and privileges as a regular degree-seeking student, and is subject to the same federal rules and regulations.
What's the difference between dual credit and concurrent enrollment?
Both programs are for high school students desiring to attend college while in high school. Dual credit enables a student to earn both college and high school credit at the same time. Concurrent enrollment is when a high school senior enrolls in a college course for college credit only.
How to apply
Students studying


text:
"Characterizing Cohort Loss Before Birth"
Abstract: Answers to many central questions in the social sciences depend upon the assumption that cohort loss before birth is ignorable. Evidence from inferential population studies and small-scale cohort studies increasingly suggests otherwise. Up to 70% of human pregnancies terminate before birth; these losses appear to be non-random. In this research we consider the implications of prenatal cohort loss for a few key demographic questions, including the effects of early-life exposures on later-life health and the effects of child traits on parent outcomes. In so doing, we extend a long history of demographic research on cohort selection to the prenatal period. We conclude with a discussion of new, big data approaches to learn more about how prenatal exposures shape population traits.


Mason Hillel Sends Twenty Students To Israel And West Bank
Fact Finders trip lets students understand political situation
Every year Mason Hillel, a Jewish community center at Mason, funds 20 to 25 students on a "Fact Finders" trip where students discover for themselves what Israel has to offer.
The trip's purpose is to understand the geopolitical situation of Israel and the West Bank.
From June 9 to June 20, twenty students from various majors were awarded a full-stipend trip by Mason Hillel on the Fact Finders program to explore, grasp and understand Israel and the West Bank. Mason students were chosen by Mason Hillel through an interview process.
Israel is wildly considered a conflict zone that is often highly scrutinized and dissected in international media.
Mason Fact Finders gives predominately non-Jewish students the opportunity to experience firsthand a country founded 70 years ago that continues to be engulfed in land disputes to this day.
Throughout the trip, students travel around Israel, visiting famous tourist sites, seeing Tel Aviv and venturing into parts of the West Bank. Sightseeing was a small part of the trip, as the main focus was to further interpret the geopolitical situation in Israel and the West Bank.
One student in particular, Jaelynn Brown, entered the trip feeling as if she was always "a couple steps behind the news" when it came to the situation in Israel and the West Bank. Now, Jaelynn said she "can identify bias more quickly" and accurately portray what the situation is today.
Some students reported the trip as being a "deeply impactful" time as they were able to discover what visiting a highly-analyzed region entails.
Both Brown and Logan Hansen, a Mason Fact Finders student, said the issue is not "as black and white" as many news sources "claim it to be."
"I learned you don't have to pick one side, you can be both," Hansen said.
Identifying the real issues behind the conflict was the main goal of this trip as the students were able to speak to professors, politicians, military personnel, and other experts on the matter.
After leaving Israel and participating in the Fact Finders program, many students were eager to bring their newfound knowledge back to the Mason community. A handful of Fact Finders 2018 students are planning to create a student organization in the upcoming academic year that represents both sides of the issue.


Chegg Guided Solutions for Physical Science with Modern Applications 5th Edition: Chapter 17
0 Stars(0 users)
 - Step 1 of 2
 , all liquids are not soluble with each other.
 - Step 2 of 2
 Solvents that have polar molecules dissolve both solutes with polar molecules and solutes that are ionic. For example, sodium chloride is an ionic compound, which is dissolved in water, which is polar solvent.
 Solvents that have nonpolar molecules dissolve solutes having nonpolar molecules. For example, oil has nonpolar molecules, which are dissolved in nonpolar solvent benzene.
 Solutes that have polar molecules do not dissolve solutes having nonpolar molecules. And solutes that have nonpolar molecules do not dissolve in solvents having polar molecules.
Step-by-step solutions for this book and 2,500 others
Already used by over 1 million students to study better


text:
Fast Track Report
The pen is mightier than the word: Object priming of evaluative standards
Article first published online: 8 MAY 2010
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
European Journal of Social Psychology
Volume 40, Issue 5, pages 704–708, August 2010
How to Cite
Rutchick, A. M., Slepian, M. L. and Ferris, B. D. (2010), The pen is mightier than the word: Object priming of evaluative standards. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol., 40: 704–708. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.753
- Issue published online: 21 JUN 2010
- Article first published online: 8 MAY 2010
- Manuscript Accepted: 18 FEB 2010
- Manuscript Received: 28 JUN 2009
Because red pens are closely associated with error-marking and poor performance, the use of red pens when correcting student work can activate these concepts. People using red pens to complete a word-stem task completed more words related to errors and poor performance than did people using black pens (Study 1), suggesting relatively greater accessibility of these concepts. Moreover, people using red pens to correct essays marked more errors (Study 2) and awarded lower grades (Study 3) than people using blue pens. Thus, despite teachers' efforts to free themselves from extraneous influences when grading, the very act of picking up a red pen can bias their evaluations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


text: This paper investigates the Single-GateSingle Electron Transistors (SG-SETs) based hybrid SETMOS logic circuits for ultra-low-power applications at room temperature. The methodological design of the proposed hybrid SETMOS logic circuits is compatible with 22- nm CMOS bias and process. The widely acclaimed Mahapatra-IonescuBannerjee (MIB) model is modified to implement the proposed SG-SET and hybrid SETMOS logic circuits using Verilog-A. Logic inverter, two-input NAND, NOR, AND, OR, EX-OR, and EX-NOR logic gates are simulated at room temperature using novel SETMOS hybridization. The proposed work is compared with the 22-nm CMOS counterpart (simulated with the same setup). We found that the reduction in total power dissipation by 98.04%, 96.45%, 94.65%, 93.7%, 92.63%, 93.52%, 95.57% using hybrid SETMOS NAND, NOR, AND, EX-OR and EXOR gates than 22 nm CMOS logic gates. The proposed work is compared with other works of literature. We also examined the robustness of the proposed logic circuits against temperature variations from 77 K to 500 K.


.g. mapConcat) or consume multiple elements before emitting one output (e.g. filter). However, these rate transformations are data-driven, i.e. it is the incoming elements that define how the rate is affected. This is in contrast with detached operators which can change their processing behavior depending on being backpressured by downstream or not.
Operator Description
Flow asFlowWithContext Extracts context data from the elements of a Flow so that it can be turned into a FlowWithContext which can propagate that context per element along a stream.
Source/Flow collect Apply a partial function to each incoming element, if the partial function is defined for a value the returned value is passed downstream.
Source/Flow collectType Transform this stream by testing the type of each of the elements on which the element is an instance of the provided type as they pass through this processing step.
Flow completionStageFlow Streams the elements through the given future flow once it successfully completes.
Source/Flow detach Detach upstream demand from downstream demand without detaching the stream rates.
Source/Flow drop Drop n elements and then pass any subsequent element downstream.
Source/Flow dropWhile Drop elements as long as a predicate function return true for the element
Source/Flow filter Filter the incoming elements using a predicate.
Source/Flow filterNot Filter the incoming elements using a predicate.
Flow flattenOptional Collect the value of Optional from all the elements passing through this flow , empty Optional is filtered out.
Source/Flow fold Start with current value zero and then apply the current and next value to the given function. When upstream completes, the current value is emitted downstream.
Source/Flow foldAsync Just like fold but receives a function that results in a Future CompletionStage to the next value.
Source/Flow fromMaterializer Defer the creation of a Source/Flow until materialization and access Materializer and Attributes
Flow futureFlow Streams the elements through the given future flow once it successfully completes.
Source/Flow grouped Accumulate incoming events until the specified number of elements have been accumulated and then pass the collection of elements downstream.
Source/Flow groupedWeighted Accumulate incoming events until the combined weight of elements is greater than or equal to the minimum weight and then pass the collection of elements downstream.
Source/Flow intersperse Intersperse stream with provided element similar to List.mkString.
Flow lazyCompletionStageFlow Defers creation and materialization of a Flow until there is a first element.
Flow lazyFlow Defers creation and materialization of a Flow until there is a first element.
Flow lazyFutureFlow Defers creation and materialization of a Flow until there is a first element.
Flow lazyInitAsync Deprecated by Flow.lazyFutureFlow in combination with prefixAndTail.
Source/Flow limit Limit number of element from upstream to given max number.
Source/Flow limitWeighted Limit the total weight of incoming elements
Source/Flow log Log elements flowing through the stream as well as completion and erroring.
Source/Flow logWithMarker Log elements flowing through the stream as well as completion and erroring.
Source/Flow map Transform each element in the stream by calling a mapping function with it and passing the returned value downstream.
Source/Flow mapConcat Transform each element into zero or more elements that are individually passed downstream.
Source/Flow mapWithResource Map elements with the help of a resource that can be opened, transform each element (in a blocking way) and closed.
Source/Flow preMaterialize Materializes this Graph, immediately returning (1) its materialized value, and (2) a new pre-materialized Graph.
Source/Flow reduce Start with first element and then apply the current and next value to the given function, when upstream complete the current value is emitted downstream.
Source/Flow scan Emit its current value, which starts at zero, and then apply the current and next value to the given function, emitting the next current value.
Source/Flow scanAsync Just like scan but receives a function that results in a Future CompletionStage to the next value.
Source/Flow setup Defer the creation of a Source/Flow until materialization and access Materializer and Attributes
Source/Flow sliding Provide a sliding window over the incoming stream and pass the windows as groups of elements downstream.
Source/Flow statefulMap Transform each stream element with the help of a state.
Source/Flow statefulMapConcat Transform each element into zero or more elements that are individually passed downstream.
Source/Flow take Pass n incoming elements downstream and then complete
Source/Flow takeWhile Pass elements downstream as long as a predicate function returns true and then complete.
Source/Flow throttle Limit the throughput to a specific number of elements per time unit, or a specific total cost per time unit, where a function has to be provided to calculate the individual cost of each element.
Flow operators composed of Sinks and Sources
Operator Description
Flow fromSinkAndSource Creates a Flow from a Sink and a Source where the Flow's input will be sent to the Sink and the Flow 's output will come from the Source.
Flow fromSinkAndSourceCoupled Allows coupling termination (cancellation, completion, erroring) of Sinks and Sources while creating a Flow between them.
Asynchronous operators
These operators encapsulate an asynchronous computation, properly handling backpressure while taking care of the asynchronous operation at the same time (usually handling the completion of a Future CompletionStage).
Operator Description
Source/Flow mapAsync Pass incoming elements to a function that return a Future CompletionStage result.
Source/Flow mapAsyncUnordered Like mapAsync but Future CompletionStage results are passed downstream as they arrive regardless of the order of the elements that triggered them.
Timer driven operators
These operators process elements using timers, delaying, dropping or grouping elements for certain time durations.
Operator Description
Source/Flow delay Delay every element passed through with a specific duration.
Source/Flow delayWith Delay every element passed through with a duration that can be controlled dynamically.
Source/Flow dropWithin Drop elements until a timeout has fired
Source/Flow groupedWeightedWithin Chunk up this stream into groups of elements received within a time window, or limited by the weight of the elements, whatever happens first.
Source/Flow groupedWithin Chunk up this stream into groups of elements received within a time window, or limited by the number of the elements, whatever happens first.
Source/Flow initialDelay Delays the initial element by the specified duration.
Source/Flow takeWithin Pass elements downstream within a timeout and then complete.
Backpressure aware operators
These operators are aware of the backpressure provided by their downstreams and able to adapt their behavior to that signal.
Operator Description
Source/Flow aggregateWithBoundary Aggregate and emit until custom boundary condition met.
Source/Flow batch Allow for a slower downstream by passing incoming elements and a summary into an aggregate function as long as there is backpressure and a maximum number of batched elements is not yet reached.
Source/Flow batchWeighted Allow for a slower downstream by passing incoming elements and a summary into an aggregate function as long as there is backpressure and a maximum weight batched elements is not yet reached.
Source/Flow buffer Allow for a temporarily faster upstream events by buffering size elements.
Source/Flow conflate Allow for a slower downstream by passing incoming elements and a summary into an aggregate function as long as there is backpressure.
Source/Flow conflateWithSeed Allow for a slower downstream by passing incoming elements and a summary into an aggregate function as long as there is backpressure.
Source/Flow expand Like extrapolate, but does not have the initial argument, and the Iterator is also used in lieu of the original element, allowing for it to be rewritten and/or filtered.
Source/Flow extrapolate Allow for a faster downstream by expanding the last emitted element to an Iterator.
Nesting and flattening operators
These operators either take a stream and turn it into a stream of streams (nesting) or they take a stream that contains nested streams and turn them into a stream of elements instead (flattening).
See the Substreams page for more detail and code samples.
Operator Description
Source/Flow flatMapConcat Transform each input element into a Source whose elements are then flattened into the output stream through concatenation.
Source/Flow flatMapMerge Transform each input element into a Source whose elements are then flattened into the output stream through merging.
Source/Flow flatMapPrefix Use the first n elements from the stream to determine how to process the rest.
Source/Flow groupBy Demultiplex the incoming stream into separate output streams.
Source/Flow prefixAndTail Take up to n elements from the stream (less than n only if the upstream completes before emitting n elements) and returns a pair containing a strict sequence of the taken element and a stream representing the remaining elements.
Source/Flow splitAfter End the current substream whenever a predicate returns true, starting a new substream for the next element.
Source/Flow splitWhen Split off elements into a new substream whenever a predicate function return true.
Time aware operators
Those operators operate taking time into consideration.
Operator Description
Source/Flow backpressureTimeout If the time between the emission of an element and the following downstream demand exceeds the provided timeout, the stream is failed with a TimeoutException.
Source/Flow completionTimeout If the completion of the stream does not happen until the provided timeout, the stream is failed with a TimeoutException.
Source/Flow


2
I have a 64bit C++ process that loads an AnyCPU C# DLL. Can this AnyCPU C# DLL can load 32bit C++ DLLs, or can it load only 64bit DLLs?
Thanks! :-)
7
An AnyCPU DLL runs in the context of the calling process, which is x64 according to your question. If this AnyCPU DLL loads another DLL, this also runs in the context of the x64 calling process that loaded the AnyCPU DLL. This is the problem with running code across different platforms. If you want to run a 32 bit DLL by the x64process that calls the AnyCPU DLL, then you need to have create something called as the SURROGATE process - this is basically a x86(32 bit) process that can run and load the 32 bit DLL you want to access from the calling x64 process. Once you have this x86 process running, this x64 process can communicate with the x86 process (that has loaded x86 DLL) using Inter Process Communication, and the indirect calling of x86 DLL functions from x64 process can be achieved.
2
You can only load dlls with the same bit-ness as the process. The Any CPU dll itself can be loaded in both 64 and 32 bit processes, but that doesn't mean in can load native 32bit dlls into a 64 bit process.
The only workaround I know is having a 32 bit helper process that loads your 32 bit dll and then communicate with that process.
 - other workaround is to have the AnyCPU assembly load the C++ DLL corresponding to the architecture – CharlesB Apr 26 '11 at 9:57
 - If you have a 64 bit version of the dll that's obviously the nicest solution. – CodesInChaos Apr 26 '11 at 10:05
1
No, you can't load 32-bit DLLs into a 64-bit process.
AnyCPU means that the C# DLL can be loaded into either 32-bit or 64-bit processes, not that it can load DLLs of either bitness.
0
A 32 bit DLL cannot be loaded in a 64 bit process.
I see a problem in your question: it is not possible is your AnyCPU assembly loads a 32bit C++ dll, since it makes the assembly specific to this architecture.
Making it AnyCPU means that it will dynamically load the DLL specific to the architecture on which it's running. This way it runs on Any CPU.
So in short, the assembly is wrongly marked as being AnyCPU.
 - 32 bit assembly will run on any CPU also. – David Heffernan Apr 26 '11 at 9:59
Your Answer
By clicking "Post Your Answer", you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


()).
So, either ensure that you read your input data correctly (if numbers are quoted, with options("stringsAsFactors") set to TRUE, then it's likely they will be converted to a factor), or convert your data.frame afterwards. This can be done columnwise, e.g.
dfrm <- data.frame(x=factor(c(3,2,1,8,4)), y=factor(c(5,6,1,2,3)))
m <- sapply(dfrm, function(x) as.numeric(as.character(x)))
plot(m)
I misread your question and I thought you were using as.matrix , not data.matrix. That doesn't change anything, since both functions will convert factors into their internal representation, as stated in the on-line help:
Factors and ordered factors are replaced by their internal codes.
How do I add an asterix to a boxplot to represent significance?
You can use text() and write at the corresponding location, if you know it beforehand; e.g.,
dfrm <- data.frame(y=rnorm(100, mean=10), x=gl(4, 25))
dfrm$y[dfrm$x==2] <- dfrm$y[dfrm$x==2]+2
boxplot(y ~ x, data=dfrm, ylim=c(min(dfrm$y)-.5, max(dfrm$y)+.5))
text(x=2, y=max(dfrm$y[dfrm$x==2]), "*", pos=3, cex=1.2)
Adapt x=2 to suit your needs.
Or you can use mtext to put the star outside the plotting region, like in
mtext("*", side=3, line=0, at=2, cex=1.2)
How to convert NA's in a large dataset to either 0 or 1?
Assuming your dataframe is named dfrm, do you mean something like that?
dfrm$Surgery <- ifelse(dfrm$Specialty=="Surgery", 1, 0)
dfrm$Internal <- ifelse(dfrm$Specialty=="Internal", 1, 0)
where can i find the sources for the sample() function in base
Look up do_sample in /trunk/src/main/random.c from, e.g. the svn repository.
How can you visualize data frames in a good way?
RStudio does a pretty good job with its built-in (read-only) data viewer. Other solutions ( have been suggested on Cross Validated: Is there a good browser/viewer to see an R dataset (.rda file).
How can we combine predictors from two different linear models into one?
If this is just a matter of extracting the components of each model and combine them into a new design matrix, then the following should work, irrespective of the fact you used stepAIC:
dfrm <- data.frame(y=rnorm(100), replicate(7, rnorm(100)))
lm1 <- lm(y ~ X1+X2+X3, dfrm)
lm2 <- lm(y ~ X5+X7, dfrm)
lm1.fm <- attr(terms(lm1), "term.labels")
lm2.fm <- attr(terms(lm2), "term.labels")
lm3.fm <- as.formula(paste("y ~ ", paste(c(lm1.fm, lm2.fm), collapse= "+")))
lm3 <- lm(lm3.fm, dfrm)
To fix the ideas, here we have
> names(dfrm)
[1] "y" "X1" "X2" "X3" "X4" "X5" "X6" "X7"
> lm3.fm
y ~ X1 + X2 + X3 + X5 + X7
See help(terms.object) to get more information on what it returns. With your example, you'll need to replace lm1 with best.ngc_fit and lm2 with best.fcst_fit.
Weka data load error
It does not look like the C45 names file is correct. Try replacing breast-cancer-wisconsin.names with this one:
2, 4.
clump: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
size: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
shape: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
adhesion: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
epithelial: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
nuclei: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
chromatin: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
nucleoli: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
mitoses: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
Note that class comes first (only labels).
Here I have removed the first column of subjects' id in the original dataset using
$ cut -d, -f2-11 breast-cancer-wisconsin.data > breast-cancer-wisconsin.data
but it is not difficult to adapt the above code.
Alternative solutions:
 1. Generate a csv file: you just need to add a header to the *.data file and rename it as *.csv. E.g., replace breast-cancer-wisconsin.data with breast-cancer-wisconsin.csv which should look like
 clump,size,shape,adhesion,epithelial,nuclei,chromatin,nucleoli,mitoses,class
 5,1,1,1,2,1,3,1,1,2
 5,4,4,5,7,10,3,2,1,2
 3,1,1,1,2,2,3,1,1,2
 6,8,8,1,3,4,3,7,1,2
 ...
 2. Construct directly an *.arff file by hand; that's not really complicated as there are few variables. An example file can be found here.
How to add labels to the terminal nodes of a ctree (package party)?
Here is one hacky solution. It involves very little modification in the original source code of the plotting functions from the party package. By reading the source code, I noticed that there is a terminal_panel which is calling node_barplot in case the outcome is a factor. (Everything is located in the R/plot.R function, if you have source package installed.) We can modify the later to display custom labels in the default bar chart.
Just issue the following command at R prompt:
fixInNamespace("node_barplot", pos="package:party")
and then, start adding what we want:
 1. Add labels = NULL, gp = NULL to the existing list of arguments for that function.
 2. Near the end of the function body, after grid.rect(gp = gpar(fill = "transparent")), add the following lines:
 if (!is.null(labels)) {
 labs <- as.character(labels[ctreeobj@where==node$nodeID])
 len <- length(labs)
 x <- unit(rep(0.5, len), "npc")
 y <- unit(0.5:len/len, "npc")
 for (i in 1:len)
 grid.text(labs[i], x=x[i], y=y[i], just="center", gp=gp)
 }
Here, the key idea is to select labels corresponding to the selected node (node$nodeID), and we can grab this information from the slot where of the ctree object (this is a vector indicating in which node each case ended up). The if test is just to ensure that we can use the function as originally written. The gp argument can be used to change font size or color.
A typical call to the function would now be:
plot(cfit, tp_pars=list(labels=dfrm$names))
where dfrm$names is a column of labels from a data frame named dfrm. Here is an illustration with your data:
cfit <- ctree(young ~ age, data=a,
 controls=ctree_control(minsplit=2, minbucket=2


Expressiveness of ADL and Golog: Functions Make a Difference
Gabriele Röger, Bernhard Nebel
The main focus in the area of action languages, such as GOLOG, was put on expressive power, while the development in the area of action planning was focused on efficient plan generation. An integration of GOLOG and planning languages would provide great advantages. A user could constrain a system's behavior on a high level using GOLOG, while the actual low-level actions are planned by an efficient planning system. First endeavors have been made by Eyerich et al. by identifying a subset of the situation calculus (which is the basis of GOLOG) with the same expressiveness as the ADL fragment of PDDL. However, it was not proven that the identified restrictions define a maximum subset. The most severe restriction appears to be that functions are limited to constants. We will show that this restriction is indeed necessary in most cases.
Subjects: 11. Knowledge Representation; 1.11 Planning
Submitted: Apr 24, 2007


text: Both modern mathematical music theory and computer science are strongly influenced by the theory of categories and functors. One outcome of this research is the data format of denotators, which is based on set-valued presheaves over the category of modules and diaffine homomorphisms. The functorial approach of denotators deals with generalized points in the form of arrows and allows the construction of a universal concept architecture. This architecture is ideal for handling all aspects of music, especially for the analysis and composition of highly abstract musical works. This book presents an introduction to the theory of module categories and the theory of denotators, as well as the design of a software system, called Rubato Composer, which is an implementation of the category-theoretic concept framework. The application is written in portable Java and relies on plug-in components, so-called rubettes, which may be combined in data flow networks for the generation and manipulation of denotators. The Rubato Composer system is open to arbitrary extension and is freely available under the GPL license. It allows the developer to build specialized rubettes for tasks that are of interest to composers, who in turn combine them to create music. It equally serves music theorists, who use them to extract information from and manipulate musical structures. They may even develop new theories by experimenting with the many parameters that are at their disposal thanks to the increased flexibility of the functorial concept architecture. Two contributed chapters by Guerino Mazzola and Florian Thalmann illustrate the application of the theory as well as the software in the development of compositional tools and the creation of a musical work with the help of the Rubato framework.