text:
La Banque nationale de Belgique a publié récemment ces 3 documents de travail (en anglais):
In this paper, we present for the first time a qualitative and quantitative comparison between trade in services and trade in goods at firm level for the same country. We focus first on static features of trade such as participation rates, firms' characteristics, heterogeneity, concentration and trade variation. Secondly, we explore dynamic aspects focusing on entry, exit, firm survival and growth strategy. On the one hand, our results reveal qualitative similarities between services and goods trade at firm level, suggesting that heterogeneous models of trade can be a good starting point for the analysis of trade in services. On the other hand, we highlight dramatic differences in quantitative terms and in some key characteristics that pose new challenges to current trade models.
Large exporters are simultaneously large importers. In this paper, we show that this pattern is key to understanding low aggregate exchange rate pass-through as well as the variation in pass-through across exporters. First, we develop a theoretical framework that combines variable markups due to strategic complementarities and endogenous choice to import intermediate inputs. The model predicts that firms with high import shares and high market shares have low exchange rate passthrough. Second, we test and quantify the theoretical mechanisms using Belgian firm-product-level data with information on exports by destination and imports by source country. We confirm that import intensity and market share are the prime determinants of pass-through in the cross-section of firms. A small exporter with no imported inputs has a nearly complete pass-through of over 90 %, while a firm at the 95th percentile of both import intensity and market share distributions has a passthrough of 56 %, with the marginal cost and markup channels playing roughly equal roles. The largest exporters are simultaneously high-market-share and high-import-intensity firms, which helps explain the low aggregate pass-through and exchange rate disconnect observed in the data.
This paper provides concordance procedures for product-level trade and production data in the EU and examines the implications of changing product classifications on measured product adding and dropping at Belgian firms. Using the algorithms developed by Pierce and Schott (2012a, 2012b), the paper develops concordance procedures that allow researchers to trace changes in coding systems over time and to translate product-level production and trade data into a common classification that is consistent both within a single year and over time. Separate procedures are created for the eightdigit Combined Nomenclature system used to classify international trade activities at the product level within the European Union as well as for the eight-digit Prodcom categories used to classify products in European domestic production data. The paper further highlights important differences in coverage between the Prodcom and Combined Nomenclature classifications which need to be taken into account when generating combined domestic production and international trade data at the product level. The use of consistent product codes over time results in less product adding and dropping at continuing firms in the Belgian export and production data.


text:
||Converting CAD Drawings to Product Models
||The fundamental aim of this study is to examine whether it is possible to automatically convert vector-based drawings to product models. The reason for doing this is that the new object-based systems cannot make use of the information stored in CAD drawings, which limits the usability of these systems. Converting paper drawings to vector-format is used today and provides recognition of lines and text, but does not interpret what the shapes represent. A language for describing the geometrical representations that could be processed directly into a recognition program for building elements is missing. It is easier to describe how to recognize a line as a series of dots in a raster image, than it is to describe how a complex symbol of a building element looks like. The approach in this research work has been to test different shape recognition algorithms. The proposed method can be divided into four processes: grouping of geometrical primitives, classifying these groups, interpreting the content and analyzing the relationships between the groups. The algorithms developed here are based on research within related domains, such as pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. The algorithms have been developed in a prototype implementation and were tested with three layer-structured drawings used in practice. The results of the tests show that there are no crucial obstacles to recognizing a large part of the symbols of building elements in a CAD drawing. The requirement is that the recognition system is able to differentiate one from another and be tolerant of errors and variations in the shapes.
|Year of publication:
||Product Model, CAD
Noack, Robert (2001).
Converting CAD Drawings to Product Models. Royal institute of Technology, Department of Construction Management and Economics,Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, Sweden,

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Definition of lawbreaker in English:
A person who breaks the law.
- They're being criminalized and treated as lawbreakers.
- The essential arguments are that nothing in the policy excludes these cases and that to exclude them puts lawbreakers in a better position than entrants who declare themselves.
- 'If the Government becomes a lawbreaker,' he wrote, 'it breeds contempt for law; it invites every man to become a law unto himself; it invites anarchy.'
Law malfeasant, infractor
- Example sentences
- So, the Republicans will change the law to either politicize the prosecutor's office or retroactively legitimize past lawbreaking, and then proclaim themselves clean.
- But the prevalence of cultural relativism must take some blame too: For some, a culture of lawbreaking is just as valid as a culture of obedience to the law.
- If we go back to the case of massive resistance to desegregation, we have another example of federal lawbreaking assisted by state officials.
Pronunciation: /ˈlɔːˌbreɪkɪŋ/noun& adjective
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


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Apache Spark
To connect Apache Spark to Arctic, you need to set the following properties as you initialize Spark SQL:
Configuration property nameValuePurpose
spark.sql.catalog.<catalog_name>.uriArctic Catalog EndpointEnables the query engine to know the location of the Iceberg catalog.
spark.sql.catalog.<catalog_name>.authentication.typeBEAREREnables the query engine to know the authentication type to be used for the Iceberg catalog.
spark.sql.catalog.<catalog_name>.authentication.token<personal-access-token>Enables the query engine know the authentication token to be used for the Iceberg catalog.
spark.sql.catalog.<catalog_name>.warehousePath to the Amazon S3 bucketEnables the query engine know where to create tables.
Replace the following:
 - Replace <catalog_name> with a unique value (for example, arctic or myArcticCatalog).
 - Set the authentication type to BEARER.
 - Set the authentication token to the personal access token you generated in your Dremio Cloud organization. If you have not created a personal access token, see Personal Access Tokens for information about how Dremio Cloud uses these tokens and how to generate one.
 note
 The personal access token identifies the Dremio user who can read and write data as well as the user's role-based access control (RBAC) permissions on the Arctic catalog. Dremio enforces the user's existing Arctic RBAC permissions when they read and write data through the Apache Spark engine.
 - Set the warehouse to the location (path to an on-premise or cloud storage) the query engine should use to create tables and write data.
Here is an example initialization that you can run to start up a Spark SQL session with the <catalog_name> set to arctic:
Example Initialization
spark-sql --packages org.apache.iceberg:iceberg-spark-runtime-3.2_2.12:0.14.1,org.projectnessie:nessie-spark-extensions:0.44.0,software.amazon.awssdk:bundle:2.17.178,software.amazon.awssdk:url-connection-client:2.17.178 \
--conf spark.sql.extensions="org.apache.iceberg.spark.extensions.IcebergSparkSessionExtensions,org.projectnessie.spark.extensions.NessieSpark32SessionExtensions" \
--conf spark.sql.catalog.arctic.uri=_URL_ \
--conf spark.sql.catalog.arctic.ref=main \
--conf spark.sql.catalog.arctic.authentication.type=BEARER \
--conf spark.sql.catalog.arctic.catalog-impl=org.apache.iceberg.nessie.NessieCatalog \
--conf spark.sql.catalog.arctic.io-impl=org.apache.iceberg.aws.s3.S3FileIO \
--conf spark.sql.catalog.arctic=org.apache.iceberg.spark.SparkCatalog \
--conf spark.sql.catalog.arctic.authentication.token=RDViJJHrS/u+JAwrzQVV2+kAuLxiNkbTgdWQKQhAUS72o2BMKuRWDnjuPEjACw== \
--conf spark.sql.catalog.arctic.warehouse=s3://arctic_test_bucket
After you have connected Spark to Arctic, you can try out the Getting Started with Apache Spark and Arctic tutorial to learn the basics of Arctic.
Write and Read Tables in Apache Spark
To learn about the available support for writing tables in the different versions of Spark, see Writing in the Project Nessie website.
To read tables in Apache Spark, see Reading in the Project Nessie website.


webbed toes
(redirected from Webbed feet)
webbed toes
syndactyly involving the toes.
webbed toes
Etymology: AS, wefan, to weave, t
an abnormality in which the toes are connected by webs of skin.
web·bed toes
(webd tōz)
Syndactyly involving the toes.
References in classic literature ?
Look at the Mustela vison of North America, which has webbed feet and which resembles an otter in its fur, short legs, and form of tail; during summer this animal dives for and preys on fish, but during the long winter it leaves the frozen waters, and preys like other polecats on mice and land animals.
What can be plainer than that the webbed feet of ducks and geese are formed for swimming?
Hence it will cause him no surprise that there should be geese and frigate-birds with webbed feet, either living on the dry land or most rarely alighting on the water; that there should be long-toed corncrakes living in meadows instead of in swamps; that there should be woodpeckers where not a tree grows; that there should be diving thrushes, and petrels with the habits of auks.
I admired this curious mammal, with its rounded head ornamented with short ears, its round eyes, and white whiskers like those of a cat, with webbed feet and nails, and tufted tail.
She had yellow legs, and webbed feet, and was considered a great beauty on account of her waddle.
It was surprising to see how serenely he sailed off with unruffled breast when he came to the surface, doing all the work with his webbed feet beneath.
Their scientific name means 'water pig', and their bodies have been specially adapted for swimming - with webbed feet and their eyes, ears and nostrils located on top of their heads.
They are equipped with webbed feet and sharp claws.
So please return and give us a treat, Before we all wind up with webbed feet.
ISteven Rees Blimey, here we go again, we will all have webbed feet at this rate, apart from that this weather is killing my hairstyle.
IF you're feeling out of shape after Christmas, spare a thought for humans in the future as they might develop extra fat and webbed feet.


What Does It Mean When A Car Backfires?
December 4, 2023
A car is a road vehicle that uses an internal combustion engine to power itself around and carry passengers or cargo. Typically powered by petrol, a car is built out of steel and rides on four wheels and can seat one to eight people.
When you hear a sudden burst of flames or gunfire from underneath the hood of your car, it means that your engine is backfiring. This can be an annoying problem if it happens often, but can lead to serious damage to the engine and exhaust system if left unchecked. This article will explain what does it mean when your car backfires and give you some advice on how to fix it.
How Does Your Car Backfire?
The engine in your car is a system that uses controlled explosions to create the energy necessary to move it. The process starts when the intake valve opens and pulls a mixture of fuel and air into the engine. When the piston compresses the mixture, a spark plug is "fired", creating a small controlled explosion that burns all of the fuel. In some cases, this may not happen - the mix could be too rich and leave unburnt fuel when the exhaust valve opens.
Another cause of backfiring is when the spark is generated a little too early in the ignition cycle. This can result in the spark travelling down the wrong wire and hitting the exhaust pipe. The hot unburnt fuel mixes with the highly flammable oxygen in the exhaust and causes a backfire. This is also known as carbon tracking and can be caused by a dirty distributor cap or ignition coil, or simply from ageing and wear and tear on the wires and spark plugs.
Mission
Traffic Dave is on a mission to help traffic engineers, transportation planners, and other transportation professionals improve our world.
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text:
You spin my head right round, right round,...
Carrying on the theme of Palaeoporn 14, namely moulting in trilobites, here's one to make your head spin.
The trilobite at the top of the post is a big Redlichia takooensis (around 12-14 cm in length), common in the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale, except that it's head is on backwards and inside out!
First a little background. The trilobite exoskeleton is rigid, and so to grow they need to shed this outer covering, expand, and mineralize another exoskeleton around the expanded body (crabs do this today, with soft crabs – those that have shed their exoskeleton and are awaiting the new exoskeleton to harden - prized as bait.)
Since the exoskeleton is rigid, there needs to be an exit strategy so that the body can get out of the old exoskeleton. This is usually achieved in trilobites by having lines of weakness – or sutures – at strategic places on the body, which preferentially break. These are usually placed on the head and around the eyes, and separate the central part of the head - or fixigena - from the outer part of the head - or librigena - which is also called the free cheeks 'cos they represent the cheeks of the head and they get freed up during moulting.
When the trilobite starts moulting, usually the suture lines break, the exoskeleton around the head separates into fragments (fixigena and librigena), allowing the body to exit through the head, leaving the exoskeleton intact, and the head fragments to fall back into place.
Sometimes it doesn't go to plan.
The free cheeks can be displaced, but that is usually the trilobite being careless on the way out. But sometimes things go wrong.
For comparison here is a proper R. takooensis (right, trilobite length 5 cm without spine) with its head on straight, fixigena and librigena all facing front and orientated correctly, even if the free cheeks are slightly displaced indicating that it is a moult.
So what happened to our backward friend up front?
Well, I'm pretty sure it wasn't born that way (no offense Jake), so it looks like a moulting accident.
Also the librigena isn't.
Liberated that is.
Although we don't have the whole body, the portion of the head outside of the eye (the librigena) is still in place indicating that the suture did not split.
What probably happened was that once the facial sutures failed to split, the exoskeleton broke behind the head. The animal then exited the old exoskeleton, pushing the head exoskeleton into the vertical and then beyond, which forced the head exoskeleton upside down and the front margin to point backwards.
In other words, imagine the head is an upside down bowl as in the diagram below, where F = front of the head, and B = back of the head.
Instead of splitting along the sutures, the whole head exoskeleton comes detached from the body exoskeleton. The trilobite then pushes its way out by forcing the head exoskeleton to tip 90 degrees onto the front margin, and then 180 degrees to lie upside down, with the front margin now pointing backwards and exposing the internal surface of the head exoskeleton.
The trilobite then escapes the old exoskeleton and is free to go.
Scary stuff perhaps, but not the worst example.
Next time - "Ultimate Moulting - when moulting REALLY goes bad"

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How To Avoid Hitting Utility Lines During Excavation
How To Avoid Hitting Utility Lines During Excavation
Utility lines such as water and gas pipes, phone lines, and sewer lines are mostly found underground, which can sometimes be damaged if excavation work is done recklessly.
Ground excavation is done to install a new utility line or to repair a faulty one. Therefore, one should take specific measures and precautions before any excavation to ensure that previously installed utility lines are not hit or damaged in the process.
Scorpion Construction LLC is a team of professionals with expert advice and construction contracts anywhere in Tampa Bay, FL. We offer underground utility works along with first-rate asphalt paving and concrete paving services at economical rates. Click here to connect with us today!
Following are some simple ways to help paving contractors avoid damaging utility lines in the process of excavation.
1. Mark The Location
The best way to protect utility lines during an excavation project is by finding their locations as accurately as possible. Mapping out their exact location would help keep away heavy machinery and equipment from it.
2. Proceed With Caution
 Suppose due to any reason, it is not possible to notify the employers of the utility lines or to map the exact location. In that case, the contractors are advised to proceed with caution in the worksite and use the necessary equipment to detect utility lines.
3. Make Notes
 It is essential for the contractors at the job site to be continually taking notes before and after the excavation of the job site. This can help identify any significant changes in the utility lines before and after excavation.
4. Call The Authorities
 While you may be equipped with the right machinery and taking all the precautions, it is vital to have the authorities present at the job site to prevent any accident from happening.
5. Clear The Area
 The worksite area is equipped with heavy machinery, so it needs to be cleared of people living nearby to avoid accidents. Also, during excavation, the engineers should cover the open utility lines to prevent damage to them.
6. Communication Is Key
 It is the peak of construction season, which means there could be many underground repairs happening in one place altogether. Plus, since the utility lines are installed in a cramped up position, this could confuse different contractors for various repairs. Therefore, communication between them is necessary so that the work is done correctly with no accidents.
7. Notify The Owners
 It is best to notify the utility companies' owners 24 hours in advance to be present and guide accordingly.
8. Inspect The Ground
 Surveys suggest that excavation work kills 2-3 workers every month while damaging the utility lines, making it a severe threat. We can avoid this by checking the ground's texture and moisture before the start of the excavation process. A neutral atmosphere is also preferred for a smooth pit as the ground is sloppy and wet after rain.
To ensure a smooth excavation without damage to the utility lines, hire a professional contractor at the Scorpion Construction LLC in Tampa Bay, FL. Click here to contact us today.


text:
sixtieth anniversary of the victory over fascism, a public action called the St. George Ribbon was held. It was initiated by the RIA Novosti news agency and the Student Community ROOSPM.
From this time on, the Guards Ribbon was again called the St. George, and the actions dedicated to it became annual.Thousands of activists hand out ribbons to those who wish in this way to express their gratitude to our veterans. Black and gold ribbons, symbolizing the courage and heroism of Russian soldiers, are attached to the clothes, bags and antennas of cars. The action is held under the motto "I remember, I am proud." Thus, the story of the St. George Ribbon, briefly outlined in this article, has been continued.


text:
Honey wheat bread is a delightful combination of whole wheat and white flours, sweetened with natural honey, resulting in a soft and flavorful loaf perfect for any occasion. This type of bread balances the wholesomeness of wheat with the refined texture of white flour, making it a versatile choice for sandwiches, toast, or simply enjoyed on its own. If you're seeking a bread recipe that provides both taste and nutrition, honey wheat bread is an excellent choice.
Creating honey wheat bread at home can be a fun and rewarding process. With basic ingredients like whole wheat flour, white flour, yeast, and honey, you can easily make a delicious loaf from scratch. Many recipes are also egg-free, allowing for a lighter texture and accommodating dietary restrictions. By following simple instructions and kneading, proofing, and baking techniques, you'll discover that making honey wheat bread is not only enjoyable but also an opportunity to bring wholesome, homemade bread to your table.
As you venture into the world of honey wheat bread, you'll find numerous variations to suit your taste and preferences. Explore recipes that include additional ingredients, such as evaporated milk or vegetable oil, to bring out unique flavors and textures. Most importantly, have fun and take pride in creating a bread that is not only satisfying but also a healthier option for you and your loved ones.
Ingredients and Variations
When preparing honey wheat bread, you'll generally use a combination of flours. Whole wheat flour adds texture and nutritional value, while all-purpose flour lends a lighter, softer crumb. Some recipes may also call for white whole wheat flour, which has the same nutritional benefits as regular whole wheat flour but with a milder flavor. When choosing your flour mixture, it's essential to strike a balance that suits your taste and provides a desirable bread texture.
Sweeteners and Fats
Honey is the primary sweetener for honey wheat bread and imparts a mellow, earthy sweetness to the finished product. You could experiment with other sweeteners like molasses or maple syrup for a slightly different flavor profile. For the fats, many recipes call for using butter for its rich flavor, but you could also opt for vegetable oil, canola oil, or shortening when looking for a dairy-free option. The fats in the recipe contribute to the bread's tenderness and moistness.
Active dry yeast and instant yeast are the most commonly used leavening agents for honey wheat bread. Although both will yield a nicely risen loaf, they differ in how they're activated. Active dry yeast requires a brief period of activation in warm water before being mixed with other ingredients, while instant yeast can be added directly to your dry ingredients.
- Wheat flour
- Whole wheat flour
- All-purpose flour
- White whole wheat flour
- Molasses (alternative)
- Maple syrup (alternative)
- Vegetable oil (alternative)
- Canola oil (alternative)
- Shortening (alternative)
- Active dry yeast
- Instant yeast
From this list, you can mix and match your ingredients to create a honey wheat bread that is customized to your preferences. Experiment with different flour mixtures, sweeteners, fats, and leavening agents to find your favorite combination and enjoy the homemade product.
Kneading and Rising
Kneading the Dough
To make honey wheat bread, start by creating a soft dough using a mixture of whole wheat flour, all-purpose flour, yeast, warm water, honey, and other ingredients. When all ingredients are well-combined, it's time to knead the dough.
You can use a stand mixer with a dough hook attachment for this process, ensuring an even and smooth consistency. Alternatively, you may also knead the dough by hand on a clean, lightly floured surface. Remember to be gentle but firm, working the dough for about 4 to 5 minutes until it becomes elastic and smooth. Properly kneaded dough will help create a light and fluffy honey wheat bread.
Some indications of a well-kneaded dough include:
- Smooth texture: The surface of the dough should be smooth and even.
- Elasticity: When stretched, the dough should bounce back without tearing.
- Consistent color: The dough should have an even color throughout, without any visible streaks.
The Rising Process
Once the dough is efficiently kneaded, transfer it to a lightly oiled bowl, ensuring that the dough is coated with a thin layer of oil. This prevents the dough from drying out during the rising process.
Allow the dough to rise in a warm, draft-free environment for approximately 1 to 2 hours, or until it doubles in size. This step is crucial, as it allows the yeast to ferment and produce carbon dioxide, which will give your honey wheat bread its desired light and airy texture.
Here are some tips to enhance the rising process:
- Choose a suitable location for rising, such as an oven with the light turned on or a counter away from drafts.
- Cover the dough with a clean, damp cloth to retain moisture.
- Monitor the dough periodically to ensure it is rising correctly and hasn't become overly inflated.
Once the dough has doubled in size, you'll need to punch it down gently. This releases any trapped air bubbles that could create uneven texture in the finished bread. After punching down, it's time to shape the dough into your desired form and let it rise for a second time, usually taking around 30 minutes to 1 hour.
Now that you are familiar with the kneading and rising process for honey wheat bread, you're well on your way to creating a wholesome, homemade loaf that is not only delicious but also a delight to your senses.
Shaping and Baking
Shaping the Loaf
After kneading the dough, you'll want to shape your honey wheat bread into a loaf. Begin by transferring the dough to a buttered bowl and let it rise until it doubles in size. This may take around 1 to 2 hours. Once the dough has risen, gently press it down to deflate it and transfer it to a lightly floured surface.
Now, gently knead the dough for a few seconds to release any trapped gases. Then, shape the dough into a smooth, rounded ball. Next, form this ball into a loaf shape, making sure its width will fit inside your loaf pan. You can also choose to shape your dough into two smaller loaves, depending on your preference.
TIP: Gently making a slashing motion with a sharp knife or a bread lame on the top of the loaf can help control the expansion while baking.
Before baking, preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C). This temperature allows the loaf to have a good rise, while achieving a nicely toasted crust. Don't forget to prepare your loaf pan by lightly greasing it or lining it with parchment paper. This will ensure your bread doesn't stick to the pan and is easy to remove after baking.
Once your oven is heated and your loaf pan is prepared, carefully transfer your shaped loaf to the pan. Give the top of the dough a final brush with milk or melted butter, which will help create a golden, shiny crust. At this point, the dough might need a final rise, depending on the responsiveness of the yeast. Let the dough proof one last time, until it almost reaches the rim of the loaf pan.
It's now time to bake your honey wheat bread! Insert your loaf pan into the preheated oven and bake for approximately 25 to 30 minutes. The baking time can vary slightly based on your oven, the size of the loaf, and the moisture content of the dough. Your loaf is ready when its crust becomes golden-brown, and when you tap the bottom of it, it sounds hollow. Another method to check if your bread is fully baked is to use a food thermometer – your loaf should reach an internal temperature of 190°F (88°C).
Remember to let your honey wheat bread cool for a few minutes in the pan before transferring it to a wire rack to cool completely. Once cooled, you can enjoy your delicious homemade honey wheat bread!
Health and Dietary Benefits
When it comes to honey wheat bread, understanding its nutritional benefits is important, as making informed choices in your diet can contribute to overall health and well-being. Honey wheat bread contains a range of valuable nutrients, which makes it a worthwhile addition to your diet.
One key advantage of honey wheat bread is its fiber content. Fiber can aid in digestion, help you feel fuller longer, and contribute to maintaining a healthy weight. The whole wheat present in the bread supplies a good amount of fiber, benefiting your digestive system.
When considering calories and protein, honey wheat bread is a suitable option. A typical slice provides a moderate number of calories and a few grams of protein, making it a relatively balanced source of energy. Moreover, honey wheat bread is generally low in sodium, which supports heart health and helps to maintain normal blood pressure levels.
As for minerals, one can usually find a decent amount of potassium, calcium, and iron in honey wheat bread. Potassium supports blood pressure regulation and muscle function, while calcium contributes to strong bones and teeth. Iron assists in oxygen transportation within the body and supports the immune system.
Additionally, honey wheat bread offers various vitamins such as B vitamins and small amounts of vitamin E. These vitamins can help regulate metabolism, support the immune system, and promote healthy skin.
Here's a quick summary of some noteworthy nutritional facts for honey wheat bread:
- Fiber: Helps with digestion and satiety
- Calories: Moderate amount per slice
- Protein: A few grams per slice
- Sodium: Generally low levels
- Potassium: Supports blood pressure regulation and muscle function
- Calcium: Contributes to strong bones and teeth
- Iron:

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a two-server queue with Poisson arrival rate and $\lambda$ exponential services with $\mu$ ( first server service rate) and 2$\mu$ ( 2nd server service rate). Capacity is infinite.
Then why is the number of customers in the queue at time $t$ not a Markov Process?
Can you please help me out?
Thank You.
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1 Answer 1
You need extra information to make the process a Markov process. The Markov property requires that the future depend only on the current state, but suppose you have only a single customer in the system. The future behaviour of the system depends on the history of the process (namely which server that job started service with) not just the current state. (It could experience service at rate either $\mu$ or $2\mu$.)
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Your Answer


text:
TESSA Secondary Science
This is an exciting project, started in August 2010, which aims to extend TESSA education resources to teachers in secondary schools within 5 countries: Uganda, Kenya, Ghana, Zambia and Tanzania.
The project has received initial funding from the Waterloo Foundation to concentrate on the science curricula in the first 2 years of secondary school in the participating countries. 15 study units in the science curriculum (5 modules made up of 3 units) are to be created, incorporating common themes and content present in the countries' national curriculum. Five institutions are collaborating with the Open University in this venture. They are the following institutions:
- College of Education, University of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Makerere University, Uganda
- Egerton University, Kenya
- University of Zambia
- University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
Since 2005 TESSA has been hugely successful in creating and disseminating primary school Open Educational Resources to teachers across 9 African countries. Approximately 300,000 teachers benefited from engagement with TESSA resources in 2010. Through the introduction and growth of the Secondary School Science Project it hoped that this figure will increase and benefit both secondary school teachers and pupils.
For more information on the TESSA Secondary Science Project and to download the briefing note please see here.
TESSA Secondary Science Materials
We have not been able to cover the whole of the lower secondary curriculum, but we have chosen topics that are common to all five countries. The units are grouped into five pedagogical themes, which reflect the skills and attributes of an effective teacher. If the topic that you are teaching is not covered, then we hope that you will be able to adapt one of the units to the context that you require.
Good luck! We hope you enjoy using TESSA Secondary Science units.
Biology Unit 2: Transport
Chemistry Unit 1


Magic number (programming)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In computer programming, a magic number is any of the following:
 - A unique value with unexplained meaning or multiple occurrences which could (preferably) be replaced with a named constant
 - A constant numerical or text value used to identify a file format or protocol; for files, see List of file signatures
 - A distinctive unique value that is unlikely to be mistaken for other meanings (e.g., Globally Unique Identifiers)
Unnamed numerical constants[edit]
The term magic number or magic constant refers to the anti-pattern of using numbers directly in source code. This has been referred to as breaking one of the oldest rules of programming, dating back to the COBOL, FORTRAN and PL/1 manuals of the 1960s.[1] The use of unnamed magic numbers in code obscures the developers' intent in choosing that number,[2] increases opportunities for subtle errors (e.g. is every digit correct in 3.14159265358979323846 and is this equal to 3.14159?[3]) and makes it more difficult for the program to be adapted and extended in the future.[4] Replacing all significant magic numbers with named constants (also called explanatory variables) makes programs easier to read, understand and maintain.[5]
Names chosen to be meaningful in the context of the program can result in code that is more easily understood by a maintainer who is not the original author (or even by the original author after a period of time).[6] An example of an uninformatively named constant is int SIXTEEN = 16, while int NUMBER_OF_BITS = 16 is more descriptive.
The problems associated with magic 'numbers' described above are not limited to numerical types and the term is also applied to other data types where declaring a named constant would be more flexible and communicative.[1] Thus, declaring const string testUserName = "John" is better than several occurrences of the 'magic value' "John" in a test suite.
For example, if it is required to randomly shuffle the values in an array representing a standard pack of playing cards, this pseudocode does the job using the Fisher–Yates shuffle algorithm:
for i from 1 to 52
 j := i + randomInt(53 - i) - 1
 a.swapEntries(i, j)
where a is an array object, the function randomInt(x) chooses a random integer between 1 and x, inclusive, and swapEntries(i, j) swaps the ith and jth entries in the array. In the preceding example, 52 is a magic number. It is considered better programming style to write the following:
int deckSize:= 52
for i from 1 to deckSize
 j := i + randomInt(deckSize + 1 - i) - 1
 a.swapEntries(i, j)
This is preferable for several reasons:
 - It is easier to read and understand. A programmer reading the first example might wonder, What does the number 52 mean here? Why 52? The programmer might infer the meaning after reading the code carefully, but it is not obvious.[6] Magic numbers become particularly confusing when the same number is used for different purposes in one section of code.
 - It is easier to alter the value of the number, as it is not duplicated. Changing the value of a magic number is error-prone, because the same value is often used several times in different places within a program.[6] Also, when two semantically distinct variables or numbers have the same value they may be accidentally both edited together.[6] To modify the first example to shuffle a Tarot deck, which has 78 cards, a programmer might naively replace every instance of 52 in the program with 78. This would cause two problems. First, it would miss the value 53 on the second line of the example, which would cause the algorithm to fail in a subtle way. Second, it would likely replace the characters "52" everywhere, regardless of whether they refer to the deck size or to something else entirely, such as the number of weeks in a Gregorian calendar year, or more insidiously, are part of a number like "1523", all of which would introduce bugs. By contrast, changing the value of the deckSize variable in the second example would be a simple, one-line change.
 - It encourages and facilitates documentation.[6] The single place where the named variable is declared makes a good place to document what the value means and why it has the value it does. Having the same value in a plethora of places either leads to duplicate comments (and attendant problems when updating some but missing some) or leaves no one place where it's both natural for the author to explain the value and likely the reader shall look for an explanation.
 - The declarations of "magic number" variables are placed together, usually at the top of a function or file, facilitating their review and change.[6]
 - It helps detect typos. Using a variable (instead of a literal) takes advantage of a compiler's checking. Accidentally typing "62" instead of "52" would go undetected, whereas typing "dekSize" instead of "deckSize" would result in the compiler's warning that dekSize is undeclared.
 - It can reduce typing in some IDEs. If an IDE supports code completion, it will fill in most of the variable's name from the first few letters.
 - It facilitates parameterization. For example, to generalize the above example into a procedure that shuffles a deck of any number of cards, it would be sufficient to turn deckSize into a parameter of that procedure, whereas the first example would require several changes.
function shuffle (int deckSize)
 for i from 1 to deckSize
 j := i + randomInt(deckSize + 1 - i) - 1
 a.swapEntries(i, j)
Disadvantages are:
 - When the named constant is not defined near its use, it hurts the locality, and thus comprehensibility, of the code. Putting the 52 in a possibly distant place means that, to understand the workings of the "for" loop completely (for example to estimate the run-time of the loop), one must track down the definition and verify that it is the expected number. This is easy to avoid (by relocating the declaration) when the constant is only used in one portion of the code. When the named constant is used in disparate portions, on the other hand, the remote location is a clue to the reader that the same value appears in other places in the code, which may also be worth looking into.
 - It may make the code more verbose. The declaration of the constant adds a line. When the constant's name is longer than the value's, particularly if several such constants appear in one line, it may make it necessary to split one logical statement of the code across several lines. An increase in verbosity may be justified when there is some likelihood of confusion about the constant, or when there is a likelihood the constant may need to be changed, such as reuse of a shuffling routine for other card games. It may equally be justified as an increase in expressiveness.
 - It may be slower to process the expression deckSize + 1 at run-time than the value "53", although most modern compilers and interpreters will notice that deckSize has been declared as a constant and pre-calculate the value 53 in the compiled code. Even when that's not an option, loop optimization will move the addition so that it is performed before the loop. There is therefore usually no (or negligible) speed penalty compared to using magic numbers in code. Especially the cost of debugging and the time needed trying to understand non-explanatory code must be held against the tiny calculation cost.
Accepted uses [edit]
In some contexts, the use of unnamed numerical constants is generally accepted (and arguably "not magic"). While such acceptance is subjective, and often depends on individual coding habits, the following are common examples:
 - the use of 0 and 1 as initial or incremental values in a for loop, such as for (int i = 0; i < max; i += 1)
 - the use of 2 to check whether a number is even or odd, as in isEven = (x % 2 == 0), where % is the modulo operator
 - the use of simple arithmetic constants, e.g., in expressions such as circumference = 2 * Math.PI * radius,[1] or for calculating the discriminant of a quadratic equation as d = b^2 − 4*a*c
 - the use of powers of 10 to convert metric values (e.g. between grams and kilograms) or to calculate percentage and per mille values
 - exponents in expressions such as (f(x) ** 2 + f(y) ** 2) ** 0.5 for
The constants 1 and 0 are sometimes used to represent the boolean values True and False in programming languages without a boolean type, such as older versions of C. Most modern programming languages provide a boolean or bool primitive type and so the use of 0 and 1 is ill-advised. This can be more confusing since 0 sometimes means programmatic success (when -1 means failure) and failure in other cases (when 1 means success).
In C and C++, 0 represents the null pointer. As with boolean values


heat island effect
Higher-temperature 'dome' created over an urban or industrial area by hot air layers forming at building top or chimney top level. This dome is about 5°C to 7°C (about 40°F to 45°F) warmer than air above it and the ground level temperature, and can trap all polluting emissions within its confines. Most noticeable at night and early morning periods, it normally disperses by midday when the ambient temperature increases. See also temperature inversion.
Use heat island effect in a sentence
 - You should understand how the heat island effect works and try to make sure it doesn't hurt anything in your warehouse.
 3 people found this helpful
 - I learned about the heat island effect and I hoped that it would not happen to my hometown, because I liked it there.
 2 people found this helpful
 - One of the things that the company's board had to consider, in light of their new "green" policies, was the heat island effect, and how their factories could work to minimize their contribution to this sort of damaging, environmental pollution.
 9 people found this helpful
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text:
The 2nd GCOS Climate Observation Conference (17-19 October 2022, Darmstadt Germany) will gather experts of climate science, climate observations, technology innovation, data scientists, climate services, users of data information and funding agencies to discuss and develop pathways towards a fit-for-purpose climate observing system for 2050 and beyond.
The call for abstracts is open until 1 June.
Six themes are proposed for the submissions and are the basis for the Conference sessions:
- Climate Observing Networks
- Climate Extremes and Tipping points
- Climate Observations to support Climate Policies
- Climate Data Records
- Data Processing and Management
- The Global Climate Observing system in the future: GCOS 2050
Travel grants will be available for early career researchers coming from the Global South and presenting abstracts.


the key is based on. These are separated by a comma. The key definition is made up of each of the subscript names in this file that form the keyfields for the file. When the library is called to open a file, if the file does not exist, or if it needs to be updated, a new one will be created. The function will read these subscript names that form your key definitions, and it will calculate the proper key position (KPS=) and length (KLN=) values. Then the create routine will use this information with the Index command to create the new key files.
 price.key, FARM
 price.ky2, ITEM
 price.ky3, FARM/ITEM/GRADE
 price.ky4, DESCRIPTION-U/COST
 recl=127
Notice that the third key is based on three different fields. These are separated by a "/". It is important that you use a "/" to separate your keys when you are building a key out of more then one field, because the function uses this "/" to help it make the proper BR syntax for defining complex key fields.
Also, note the "-U" at the end of the fieldname in the 4th key. This indicates that the "Description" part of that key is case insensitive. This translates to using the "U" on part of your key spec in Business Rules.
The file can have as many keys as you want. The function will keep parsing key file names until it reaches the next part of the layout. It opens any OutIn files with all keys so that any changes you may make to the data stored on disk will be properly reflected in all the key files.
The optional RECL= Parameter is read and used whenever a new file is created or an old one is updated. If it is not specified, the record length is calculated from the fields in the layout.
 ===================================================
The next line in the file is skipped by the parsing routine, and its purpose is to make the file layouts more readable to a programmer.
 FARM$, Farm Code (or blank), C 4
Following the file and key structure, the fields are defined. There are three parameters on each field definition line, and you make one line for each field in your file layout. The first parameter is the subscript name that you will use in your program to refer to this data element. Place a $ at the end of the subscript name for all string elements. Don't place anything at the end of the subscript name for numeric elements. Note that each of these names will be prefixed by the second parameter of the very first line of this layout.
The second parameter is the description. This description is for the benefit of the programmer, so when the programmer is reading the file layouts, (s)he can tell which field does what. The spaces are ignored, so you may include as many spaces as you wish to make the layout look good. It does seem like good general guidelines would be to limit your layout lines to 255 characters and your descriptions to 80.
The description is also used by the built in DataCrawler, a program that reads any of your data files and displays the entire contents in raw form in a listview. The Descriptions become the headings for each column in the listview.
Those descriptions are also used for the default captions for your fields if you use ScreenIO, a library for building GUI programs that itself builds off of fileio.
The third parameter is the form statement, which is pretty straightforward. Any items with a form statement of type "X" will be ignored, except that the length will still be used to calculate the position on disk of all remaining fields in the record. The library will take X fields into consideration when building the form statement, but not at any other time.
The fourth parameter is optionally a Disk Date Format. You can specify DATE(Julian) if you're storing your dates in Julian format on disk. Or you can specify DATE(cymd) or DATE(ymd) or DATE(mdy) or any other valid date spec here, and FileIO will treat this field like a date.
Your programs will still have to unpack it for you, fileio can't do that because fileio doesn't read the file for you.
However, the data crawler, the automatic updates, and screenIO, are all compatible with these dates specified in your file layout.
If the fourth parameter is anything other then DATE(format), then its treated as a comment and ignored.
The fifth and all later columns, if any, are treated as comments and ignored.
 ! default cost is normally zero
Comment line text must begin with an exclamation point, but it may be indented. Comment lines may appear anywhere (vertically) and are ignored.
Blank lines are ignored as well.
 #eof#
 additional comments...
After the last field definition, an optional #eof# line may be specified, in which case any lines after that will be ignored.
 FARM$, Farm Code (or blank), C 4
 ITEM$, Item Code, C 4
 GRADE$, Quality, C 4
 DUMMY, Empty, X 37
 PRICE, Default Price, BH 3.2
 ! default cost is normally zero
 COST, Default Cost, BH 3.2
 XOPRICE, Default Christmas Price, BH 3.2
 XOCOST, Default Christmas Cost, BH 3.2
 MOPRICE, Default Mothers D Price, BH 3.2
 MOCOST, Default Mothers D Cost, BH 3.2
 VOPRICE, Default Valentine Price, BH 3.2
 VOCOST, Default Valentine Cost, BH 3.2
 DESCRIPTION$, Description of Price Rule, C 30
 #eof#
 additional comments...
And that's all there is to it.
Support for Dates
As of V2.48, file layouts support dates in any storage formats on disk. Whether you store your dates in Julian or in YMD or MDY or any other format, specify so in the 4th column of your file layouts, using the FileIO Date Keyword. ex: DATE(Julian) or DATE(YMD) or any other valid BR Date Format.
Dates0.png
When this is specified, it enables the FileIO data exploration tool (Data Crawler) to display the dates in human readable format. This works for both Viewing, and for Editing.
The new Date functionality also supports the File Layout Upgrade facility, allowing you to change the format of your dates on disk and FileIO will handle it automatically, upgrading the field to use the new date format for you.
It works also for Exporting your data files to CSV, and is supported automatically in the FileIO functions that do those exports. It converts the dates on export to a standard format (Default: m/d/cy) that you can specify in your FileIO.Ini File.
And it extends ScreenIO's date features to all date fields, no matter what format they're stored in. (Previously, ScreenIO's advanced date features only worked for dates stored in Julian on disk.)
This update adds two new ini file options:
CODE: SELECT ALL
DateFormatExport$='m/d/cy' ! Format of Dates when Exporting to CSV
DateFormatDisplay$='m/d/cy' ! Format of Dates when displaying in Data Crawler
You can use these to specify your preferred Date format for Viewing/Editing, and your preferred Date format for Exporting.
Remember, you can see the full list of FileIO ini file options, by looking in the source code at the top of FileIO.
There is a new optional parameter for all layout reading functions, mat NDateSpec$ and mat SDateSpec$ which correspond with the other arrays, to let you know which fields are date fields, so that you can develop routines in your programs to automatically pack and unpack the dates.
Important Note: Using FileIO, the reading of the data file is still done directly in your programs. So this does not change how your existing programs work. It does not unpack the dates for you in your programs. You still have to do all that.
For this reason, upgrading to the new Date processing will not break any of your current code.
Debugging Tips
When you're making new layouts, a missing comma can cause FileIO to parse the layout wrong and give you errors. Here are a couple tips to help ensure your layouts are error free before using them in your programs.
 - Use the Data Crawler to test your layout. The data crawler is the simplest way to test your new layout without writing any code. It opens it and accesses the file in a very simple and straight forward manor to help identify any errors in the layout that you might have.
 - If you have trouble with the form statement, you can't see whats in it because FileIO uses CForm$ to compile your form statement to make your programs run faster. But here's a way to tell what the original form statement was that FileIO generated when it put the strings first and numbers last in your program: Open the file in the Data Crawler. When you get an error, type "Print FormStatement$" to see the original form statement.
This works even if your file is working fine. Any time the file is opened with


Kernel (set theory)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Kernel of a function)
Jump to: navigation, search
In set theory, the kernel of a function f may be taken to be either
\left\{\, \left\{\, w \in X \mid f(x)=f(w) \,\right\} \mid x \in X \,\right\}.
As a subset of the square[edit]
\operatorname{ker} f := \{(x,x') \mid f(x) = f(x')\}.[1]
In algebraic structures[edit]
If X and Y are algebraic structures of some fixed type (such as groups, rings, or vector spaces), and if the function f from X to Y is a homomorphism, then ker f will be a subalgebra of the direct product X × X. Subalgebras of X × X that are also equivalence relations (called congruence relations) are important in abstract algebra, because they define the most general notion of quotient algebra.[1] Thus the coimage of f is a quotient algebra of X much as the image of f is a subalgebra of Y; and the bijection between them becomes an isomorphism in the algebraic sense as well (this is the most general form of the first isomorphism theorem in algebra). The use of kernels in this context is discussed further in the article Kernel (algebra).
In topological spaces[edit]
 1. ^ a b c d Bergman, Clifford (2011), Universal Algebra: Fundamentals and Selected Topics, Pure and Applied Mathematics 301, CRC Press, pp. 14–16, ISBN 9781439851296 .


text:
Hello I need your help with my analysis.
So i have an bulk Rna-seq dataset which contains data from ips cells which develop into neurons in 5 days For each time point I have 7 replicates
So now with deseq2 I have made all the pair-wise comparisons and I want to continue by comparing each time point to all the others (e.g time point 1 vs all the other time points) in order to find specific genes for each developmental stage.
I have seen several ways online to do so but I am a bit confused.
Any ideas how t build these kind of contrasts ?
Thanks in advance, A


text:
- About Asarab
- What We Do
- Our Portfolio
- Contact Us
In this project, for plantation of fruit trees in sloping lands and implementation of drip irrigation system of farming lands in Lordegan city, a plan was defined including design of water diversion and conveyance systems and irrigation network. The water diversion facilities on the river are designed as overflow structures and a canal for receiving water from it. A pumping station with a capacity of 600 litres per second will pump water to the second pumping station. At this stage, a portion of the pumped water is used for irrigation of downstream lands, and the remaining water of the second pumping station is transmitted to a height of 200 meters and 600 hectares in this area is irrigated.
Description of actual services provided by your staff within the assignment:


Contact Form Processing Products - for all your needs
FormMail • Form Encryption • Hosted Forms
Substitution Features in Templates
You can use templates with FormMail for providing "thank you" pages, autoresponse emails, and for the results emails you receive.
A template is simply a document (a plain text or HTML document) with a way of putting field values submitted from your form(s) in the document.
For example:
Customer's name is: $Name
Postal address is: $PostalAddr
FormMail looks for the symbol "$" followed by a field name and replaces it with the fields' value.
FormMail also looks for special substitution expressions and replaces those with the value of the expression.
Substitution Expressions
A substitution expression begins with "${" and ends in "}". Between the "{}" you place the field name, then a colon-separated list of options and other specifiers.
For example, the following will display a short one line summary of a postal address field in an HTML table row:
 Postal address is:
Expression Specifiers
Following is the list of specifiers supported by FormMail:
Normally, FormMail inserts a tag before each newline in field substitutions. This is mainly applicable to textarea fields. The nobr option disables the insertion of the tags.
N limits the number of characters substituted from the field value.
N limits the number of lines substituted from the field value. Usually used with textarea fields.
S is the string to use when FormMail separates elements of a list (array) field. This is the same as, and overrides, the template_list_sep feature.
This tells FormMail to perform TEXT_SUBS substitution on the field value. If you don't specify this option for a field, then its value is sanitized, and any HTML code in the value will be visible instead of operating as HTML. This option only has an effect when processing an HTML template.


text:
Five new names have been approved for Mars: Angustus Labyrinthus, Chronius Mons, Promethei Mons, Sisyphi Tholus, and Thyles Montes. The names Australis Patera, Angusta Patera, and Cavi Frigores have been marked as dropped in the database. New imagery has shown that the two paterae were named using the wrong descriptor term, and the area previously named Cavi Frigores has been incorporated into the adjacent Cavi Angusti.
The definition of the descriptor term labyrinthus has been expanded from "Complex of intersecting valleys" to "Complex of intersecting valleys or ridges."
See the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature for more information.


text:
Posted: September 7th, 2021
Skill Builder: Annotated OutlineAn outline is the scaffold upon which you build your paper. You probably already use a mental outline when you plan a paper, perhaps without even being aware of it. Writing the outline can give you a visualization of your plan. An outline provides both focus and direction for the paper, shows where relevant points and arguments need to be made and also identifies areas where more supportive evidence is needed.What is an annotated outline?Because you are writing a research paper, your paper is built around the research findings that you located in your search.When you prepare an annotated outline, you will note the research that supports each section of the paper. This will help you see any areas that need further research to support them.The following example may help support the transition of your paper from a collection of research notes to a fully developed paper.Suppose the research topic you chose was the relation of childhood bullying to self-esteem. The title of your paper is: Self-esteem in childhood bullying.When researching the paper, you found conflicting research results. Some research showed that children with low self-esteem tended to bully others, while other research showed that children with extremely high self-esteem were bullies. Looking closer, you began to see that this research could be divided into studies investigating different variables, such as gender, age, and ethnic background. Now, you want to turn this into a research report.An annotated outline might look like this (all citations are fictional):Topic: The relation of childhood bullying to self-esteem: Too much or too little?Overview of childhood bullyingDefinitions of bullying (Simpson, 2010; O'Connor, 2008)Types of bullying (Yang, 2009; Sinisi, 2011)Self-esteem in childhoodDefinitions of self-esteem (Whitefield, 2009)Impact of self-esteem on behavior in childhood (Liebermann, 2010)Research on the relation of self-esteem to bullying in childhoodGender, self-esteem, and childhood bullyingSelf-esteem and same-gender bullyingSelf-esteem in boys bullying boys (Pryzborski, 2012)Self-esteem in girls bullying girlsSelf-esteem in opposite-gender or non-gender specific bullying in childhood (no research found)Age, self-esteem in childhood bullyingSelf-esteem and bullying from 6-9 (Brennan, 2011)Self-esteem and bullying from 9-12 (Mendez, 2010; Lee, 2011)Family structure, self-esteem, and childhoodSelf-esteem and bullying in children in single-parent families (Shams, 2012)Self-esteem and bulling in children in dual-parent families (Mugaddam, 2011)Ethnicity, self-esteem and childhood bullyingInter-ethnic bullying and self-esteem (Jacinto, 2009; Akbarzadeh, 2010)Intra-ethnic bullying and self-esteem (Lawrence, 2011)ConclusionsSummary and suggestions for future studiesReferencesPreparing an annotated outline in this way will give you a way to organize and clarify your plans. Additionally, it gives your instructor a chance to provide feedback on the proposed structure of the paper before you begin to write. You can also see which subtopics you need to research further before proceeding with the final draft.AssignmentThis week, you will develop an annotated outline that will help support the transition of your paper from a collection of research notes to a full-blown paper. Preparing an annotated outline in this way will give you a way to organize and clarify your plans and allow your instructor a chance to give you feedback on the proposed structure of the paper before you begin to write it. You can also see which subtopics you need to research further before proceeding with the final draft.One way of talking about outlines is to describe an outline as a pre-writing outline, or as a reverse outline. The prewriting outline is prepared before the paper is written, so you can see the plan you want to follow. Some people, however, must write their ideas out before they take shape; if that is your preferred approach, you can use a reverse outline method. Write out a draft, then go back and try to outline it. If you cannot find the structure in your paper, then you probably need to do some serious revisions. Think of a pre-writing outline as scaffolding, and a reverse outline as an X-ray of your paper.When you prepare an annotated outline, you will note the research that supports each section of the paper. This will help you see any areas that need further research to support them.Here are some great resources, located under your weekly resources, for Reverse Outlining:Purdue Online Writing Lab: Reverse OutliningUNC, The Writing Center: Reverse OutlineSupport your work with at least 10 peer-reviewed research articles published in the past five years.Length: 2-3 pages, plus reference list in proper APA formatYour outline should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts that are presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards. Be sure to adhere to Northcentral University's Academic Integrity Policy.Upload your document and click the Submit to Dropbox button. Your instructor will review the outline and provide feedback including the go-ahead to proceed with your Signature Assignment.Due DateSep 5, 2021 11:59 PM
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text:
Definition of hatched
imp. & p. p. - of Hatch 2
The word "hatched" uses 7 letters: A C D E H H T.
No direct anagrams for hatched found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after hatched (in bold), or to acdehht in any order:
t - thatched
Shorter words found within hatched:
ace aced ache ached act acted ad ae ah at ate cad cade cadet cat cate chad chat cheat chetah cheth dace dah date de death detach each eat eath ed edh eh et eta etch eth ha had hade hae haed haet hah hat hatch hate hated hath he head heat heath heh het heth ta tace tach tache tad tae tea teach ted thae the theca
List shorter words within hatched, sorted by length
All words formed from hatched by changing one letter
Browse words starting with hatched by next letter


Uncertainty questions???
When I am finding an area of a square with an uncertainty it's obvious I do A=lw then Au=A[(lu/l)+(wu/w)). If I am doing the same with a cube, does the same logic apply? Vu=V[(lu/l)+(wu/w)+(hu/h)]. This is where lu is uncertainty of length, wu is uncertainty of width, and h is uncertainty of height. I'm thinking if the same applies with cube then rectangular prism should be straightforward.
Where I am stuck on is cylinder. Let's say the radius is 10.0cm and the height is 30cm. How exactly would I find the uncertainty of a cylinder?
in progress 0
General Physics RvTDLR 4 years 1 Answer 562 views 0
About RvTDLR
Answer ( 1 )
 1. The error formula comes from using differentials to estimate the error.
 For a rectangle:
 dA = l*dw + w * dl
 Factor out the lw
 dA = lw(dw/w + dl/l) = A(dw/w + dl/l)
 For a rectangular prism:
 V = lwh = l(wh)
 dV = l * d(wh) + wh*dl
 dV = l * (w*dh + h*dw) + wh*dl
 dV = lw*dh + lh*dw + wh*dl
 Factor out lwh and you are left with
 dV = lwh (dh/h + dw/w + dl/l) = dV = V (dh/h + dw/w + dl/l)
 For a cube:
 V = x^3
 dV = 3x^2 dx
 dV = V( 3dx/x)
 Which is the same formula as the prism when l = w = h.
Leave an answer


text:
We show how to efficiently simulate the sending of a single message \(M\) to a receiver who has partial information about the message, so that the expected number of bits communicated in the simulation is close to the amount of additional information that the message reveals to the receiver. This is a generalization and strengthening of the Slepian-Wolf theorem, which shows how to carry out such a simulation with low amortized communication in the case that \(M\) is a deterministic function of \(X\). A caveat is that our simulation is interactive. As a consequence, we prove that the internal information cost (namely the information revealed to the parties) involved in computing any relation or function using a two party interactive protocol is exactly equal to the amortized communication complexity of computing independent copies of the same relation or function. We also show that the only way to prove a strong direct sum theorem for randomized communication complexity is by solving a particular variant of the pointer jumping problem that we define. This paper implies that a strong direct sum theorem for communication complexity holds if and only if efficient compression of communication protocols is possible. In particular, together with our result, a recent result of Ganor, Kol, and Raz implies that the strongest version of direct sum for randomized communication complexity is false.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Information Systems
- Computer Science Applications
- Library and Information Sciences


text:
Why was the Voyager aircraft not symmetrical?
A 20-year mystery solved.
- By Joe Pappalardo
- AirSpaceMag.com, November 01, 2006
Some people are really bothered by things that are unequal.
This time it was a portion of Voyager, which in 1986 completed the first nonstop, non-refueled flight around the world.
Reader Peter Lakatos has been torturing himself for 20 years over the puzzle of why the canard-like structure near Voyager's nose (a canard is a horizontal stabilizer mounted in front of the main wing) joins the twin booms at different points. He noticed this both in photos and in museum scale models, where one of the booms juts out slightly ahead of the other one.
Thus begins the case of the uneven booms.
"On the left side the leading edge of the canard is exactly flush with the forward-most point on the boom," Lakatos wrote us. "That is not the case on the right side, where the canard's junction with the boom is noticeably set farther back from the tip of the boom."
There's a good reason for that, says Pete D'Anna, a volunteer and retired aero-electrical engineer who works with Voyager at its home in the National Air and Space Museum. It doesn't have to do with the canards themselves, but with a reconfiguring of the aircraft's sensors during Voyager's design phase. The starboard (right side) boom had to be extended slightly forward of the canard to house radar antennas for navigation and weather, he explains.
The sensors were originally mounted inside the cockpit. But, says D'Anna, the designers, Burt and Dick Rutan, discovered that in that location, the radar encountered major interference from Voyager's alternator. "They solved that by moving the antenna out to the forward part of the right hand boom," D'Anna says.
According to pilot Dick Rutan's 1987 book Voyager, "We had to hack up the wing, dig a big trench to run a cable through, then fill it up and fair off a bubble on top of the boom." D'Anna surmises that they had to extend the tip another foot or so to fit both antennas. "When you look at the airplane as it is displayed at the museum, you can see the antennas in the tip," he adds.


Georgian architecture for Schools, Leaving Cert Art-History: cracking the Georgian architecture question, our workshop tour for schools
Ireland is full of superb art and art history secondary school teachers. Yet the syllabus covers a lot of ground and some students, unsurprisingly, can struggle with the Georgian Architecture question, a question that comes up on both the Higher and Ordinary level Leaving Cert Papers, year after year.
We believe the answer is to go "back to basics" and to explain to the students in clear, simple language, exactly what lies behind and beneath the surface of Georgian architecture. What are the differences between the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian Orders, the obvious differences and the less obvious ones! What exactly does the word "proportions" mean and what are the proportions of Georgian architecture? Where do they come from? Why exactly did they become so fashionable, and what, if anything, do they "mean"
What did the likes of Edward Lovett Pearce, Richard Cassels, James Gandon, Francis Johnson, all leading exponents of architecture in this famous Georgian period do, that made them so famous and so sought after?
All this discussion is held in and around the interiors and exteriors of half an dozen outstanding examples of Georgian architecture, in Dublin city centre. By concentrating on relatively small group of key buildings, terms, ideas and architects from the Georgian era, (approximately 1720 to 1830) it helps understanding and bring the era, concepts and creative personnel to life.
The resulting insights, are designed to give teachers, and students, an edge in forthcoming Leaving Cert exams.
The "walk and talk" takes place in and around the College Green and Trinity College area. Architects and designers include Thomas Burgh, Edward Lovett Pearce, James Gandon, Richard Casssels and Hugh Darley, among others.
The tour is designed to help students understand both the origins and the underlying principals of the Georgian style, as well as notes on materials, and a "glossary" or in other words, a working knowledge of key terms and ideas.
The interpretation and discussion of buildings is led by Arran Henderson, an art historian and writer who conducts tours for the Irish Georgian Society and other cultural organizations. Arran has led over a dozen of these special tours for Leaving Cert students, and nearly 150 tours in Dublin in general, which often focus on architecture of the Georgian period.
Worksheet: To assist teachers and classroom/exam performance, the tour also concludes with two useful study sheets. One is handout for students, a summary of notes on key Georgian Dublin buildings, both featured on the tour and other important examples of the style.
The other sheet is a "refresher" test. This is given to teachers/ group leaders at the end of the tour, usually sent by email, for follow-up and revision work later, back in the classroom.
We even have additional support material available, free of charge, available on request. These includes sample answer pages and analysis of past questions, from both the Ordinary and higher Leaving Cert questions of the last 10 years.
Fees and notes: Generally, schools offer this tour to students as an extra-mural activity. Fees are thus usually paid by parents but delivered by the teacher accompanying the class-excursion. For larger educational groups, of 18 pupils upwards, fee €10 per/student. (Just €6 for DEIS schools)
For smaller educational groups (17 pupils and less) a flat fee of €150 applies. (Just €100 for DEIS schools). Please note that all fees are collected prior to tour, nearly always by the teacher/ orgainser. Schools or groups or teachers who wish or prefer to collect the money from their students and then pay in advance, via electronic payment, are also welcome to do so.
How to inquire and book.
To inquire or to reserve a tour, please choose a weekday date, then email If you include the words Georgian school Tour + the preferred date in the subject header, that is greatly appreciated, and assists a timely response. eg: Subject header: "Georgian school Tour, Monday 06/11/19. ? "
Final note: Variations, two-stage and bespoke tours.
Some teachers, including Leaving Cert History teachers, may wish to do the alternative route Georgian West tour, around Dublin Castle and adjoining area, This is focusing more on (1) the transition from Medieval to Enlightenment/early Georgian street plan and design, and (2) on the crucial role of the Wide Streets Commission, 1753 onwards.
We are naturally anxious to help in any way and will discuss and accommodate any specific requirements or emphasis you may have.
Leaving Cert History/ Honours History teachers, as well as Third level; A or S-Level teachers/tutors and lecturers should please contact Arran at the same email as above to discuss specific requirements.
The same applies to any teacher handling Language Colleges, special language needs or disability.
If you know of a teacher in a school who may benefit from the information all the social media sharing buttons are below.
Other Dublin Decoded events for visitors to the city and for recreational or historical interest groups, should see our main home with art history and architectural walks page here.
The Guide:
Arran has written and researched extensively on aspects of visual culture, art history, architectural and design history for publications like the Irish Arts Review. 25+ teaching experience, with many ages and abilities however allows him to make material accessible and engaging for students and young people.
As guide he has led walks for the Irish Georgian Society, the leading agency for advocacy, education on and protection of Ireland's 18th century architectural heritage. He has also conducted tours for Open House; the showpiece event of the Irish Architectural Foundation; and Culture Night and other leading cultural and state institutions, including Failte Ireland.
Arran's firm Dublin Decoded is rated by visitors among the best in the capital, around #6 according to the tourism site TripAdvisor, (from 300+ cultural activities listed in Dublin).
The tour is also relevant for Leaving Cert History groups
The tour is also relevant for Leaving Cert History groups, giving insights into 18th and early 19th century Irish politics and society. Note that the excursion is aimed in the first instance for Leaving Cert Art History school groups. So teachers bringing History, rather than Art history, groups should specify this fact please, in the first contact email as we may then adjust content and often even our route, accordingly.
Bray Gael Scoil on a Georgian tour, in the House of Lords
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Difference between pages "Installing a Logger" and "Installing a Cron Daemon"
From Funtoo
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m (Installation and adding to runlevel)

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== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==
In case you ever need to view important system messages, it is a wise idea to install a system logger. System loggers create log files that contain system messages, and stores these logs in <tt>/var/log</tt>. Several different loggers exist. Listed below are some of the more commonly used loggers:
+
Cron daemons allow you to configure certain tasks to be run at specific times. Installing a cron daemon is a good idea because some packages may assume that you have a cron daemon installed and create jobs to update their databases with a cron daemon. There are several different loggers available to Funtoo users:
* '''Metalog''' - "Metalog is a modern replacement for syslogd and klogd. The logged messages can be dispatched according to their facility, urgency, program name and/or Perl-compatible regular expressions." This is a good, light-weight logger that is often used for desktop systems. ([_URL_ Metalog homepage])
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* '''Fcron'''
* '''Syslog-ng''' - "syslog-ng is the trusted log management infrastructure for hundreds of thousands of users worldwide. Organizations use syslog-ng to reliably and securely collect, process and store log messages from across their IT environments." syslog-ng is often used when more advanced logging functionality is required, and is highly customizable. ([_URL_ Syslog-ng homepage])
+
* '''Cronie'''
* '''Rsyslog''' - "rsyslog is an alternative logger to syslog-ng and offers many benefits over syslog-ng. rsyslog is also the default logger for the latest versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, as well as many other Linux distributions." ([_URL_ Arch wiki page])
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* '''Vixie-Cron'''

== Installation and adding to runlevel ==
+
== Installation ==
To install a logger, run the following command:
+
To install the cron daemon, run the following command:

<console>

<console>
###i## emerge --ask metalog
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# ##i## emerge --ask fcron

These are the packages that would be merged, in order:

These are the packages that would be merged, in order:

Calculating dependencies... done!

Calculating dependencies... done!
[ebuild N ] app-admin/metalog-3-r1 USE="unicode" 353 kB
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[ebuild N ] sys-process/cronbase-0.3.2-r1
 +
[ebuild N ] sys-process/fcron-3.1.2-r2 USE="mta pam readline system-crontab -debug (-selinux)" LINGUAS="-fr"

Total: 1 package (1 new), Size of downloads: 353 kB
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##b## Would you like to merge these packages? [Yes/No]##i## yes
Would you like to merge these packages? [Yes/No] ##i## yes
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</console>
+

+
After installing the logger, we have to add its initialization script to RC's default runlevel. The default runlevel, defined at /etc/runlevels/default, contains symbolic links to all system initialization scripts that are run by default. To add the logger to the runlevel and then start the logger, run the following:
+
<console>
+
###i## rc-update add metalog default
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* service metalog added to runlevel default
+
###i## rc
+
* Starting metalog ...
+
</console>
+

+
== Stopping the service ==
+
If you need to stop the service manually, you can run its initialization script directly from /etc/init.d:
+
<console>
+
###i## /etc/init.d/metalog stop
+
* Stopping metalog ...
+
</console>
+

[[Category:System]]

[[Category:System]]
Revision as of 16:36, 19 October 2013
Introduction
Cron daemons allow you to configure certain tasks to be run at specific times. Installing a cron daemon is a good idea because some packages may assume that you have a cron daemon installed and create jobs to update their databases with a cron daemon. There are several different loggers available to Funtoo users:
 - Fcron
 - Cronie
 - Vixie-Cron
Installation
To install the cron daemon, run the following command:
# emerge --ask fcron
These are the packages that would be merged, in order:
Calculating dependencies... done!
[ebuild N ] sys-process/cronbase-0.3.2-r1
[ebuild N ] sys-process/fcron-3.1.2-r2 USE="mta pam readline system-crontab -debug (-selinux)" LINGUAS="-fr"
 Would you like to merge these packages? [Yes/No] yes
[[Category:System]]


text: An anonymous reader notes a BBC report on research recently published in the journal Current Biology, indicating that cats manipulate humans by adding a baby-like cry to their purring. "Cat owners may have suspected as much, but it seems our feline friends have found a way to manipulate us humans. Researchers at the University of Sussex have discovered that cats use a'soliciting purr' to overpower their owners and garner attention and food. Unlike regular purring, this sound incorporates a 'cry,' with a similar frequency to a human baby's. The team said cats have 'tapped into' a human bias — producing a sound that humans find very difficult to ignore."


ABC Sound Song
 - Song: Alphabet & Sounds of the ABC song
 - Learning Objectives: This is the ABC letters of the alphabet song with a spin. This song teaches both the 26 graphemes of the alphabet and 26 sounds. It is a good song for introducing learners to the idea that letters make sounds. The song raises their phonemic and print awareness. Please note that there are 26 letters of the alphabet but these letters can make up to 44 phonemes. It is important for learners to know both the letters of the alphabet and the initial sounds of letters.
 - Letters: A-Z and 26 beginning phonemes of the alphabet.
Song Worksheet
 - How to Teach: Turn on the phonics music video. Let the students listen and watch once or twice. Break down the song and teach. To do that, tell students teacher will sing four letters and the students the next 4.
 - Teacher's Line: A, B, C, D
 Students' Line: E, F, G, H
 Keep doing this and before you know it, your learners will be singing the whole song without any help. Do the same for the sound part of the song.
Song Worksheet:


text:
(Medical Xpress)—Scientists at Aston University and Russells Hall Hospital have discovered that an extract from a common plant in Pakistan may help cure breast cancer.
The plant, Fagonia cretica, and known as Virgon's Mantlem, is commonly used in herbal tea. It has been traditionally used to treat women in rural Pakistan who have breast cancer, but up until now this treatment has been regarded as something of a folklore remedy. However, patients in Pakistan who have taken the plant extract have reported that it does not appear to generate any of the serious common side effects associated with other cancer treatments, such as loss of hair, drop in blood count or diarrhoea.
Now, scientists at Aston University in Birmingham and Russells Hall Hospital in Dudley have undertaken tests of the plant extract and proved that it kills cancer cells without damage to normal breast cells in laboratory conditions.
Professor Helen Griffith and Professor Amutul R Carmichael who lead the study are now aiming to identify which element or elements of the plant are responsible for killing the cancer cells with a view to eventually begin trails with human cancer patients.
Professor Helen Griffith of Aston University said; "More research is needed to establish the role of the extract in cancer management and It now needs to be demonstrated that this extract is as effective in killing cancer cells inside the body as it is within laboratory. The next steps are to identify which element of the plant is responsible for killing the cancer cells with a view to eventually begin trails with human cancer patients."
Dr Caitlin Palframan, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer said; "Some of the most important cancer-fighting drugs are originally derived from plants. As this research is at the very earliest stage we won't know for quite some time whether drugs derived from this plant will be effective in treating breast cancer but we look forward to seeing any progress."
More information: PLoS ONE 7(6): e40152. doi:10.1371/journal.pone._PHONE_


text:
SCH Number _PHONE_
- Morro Bay Watershed Road Erosion Prevention Project
- FYI Final 1 CD Project is part of watershed-wide approach to reduce sedimentation by preventing deliver through erosion control methods and capturing sediment through restoration of historic floodplain areas. Because of steep terrain, erosive soils, poor road design, and flashy rain events, many roads throughout the Chorro Creek watershed are now failing, delivering significant sources of sediment to nearby streams. The proposed project builds on ongoing efforts to implement cost-effective erosion control and erosion prevention work on roads identified as the largest contributors of sediment to fish-bearing streams. Road treatments are site-specific but all treatments are intended to make roads more resilient to large storms and flood flows by addressing sediment delivery at the source.
2 documents in project


text:
Eyenalyze uses four Hubs to house the various functions needed to manage a restaurant. Each Hub are represented by a color coded tab. Sales is represented by blue, Inventory is yellow, Labor is red, and Profit is green. These colors are consistent throughout the platform.
The Dashboard automatically opens up with Sales. Navigating the tabs changes the color and data appearing on the Dashboard. Each Hub has its own personalized set of charts and graphs used to present data for a restaurant. Each Hub also has its own menu of functions, called the Fuse Panel, that can be reached by clicking the header for each Hub.
Eyenalyze contains a date range function that is present throughout the platform allowing users to manipulate data by time.
To navigate the date range box, select a predetermined date range, or manually define a start and end date by selecting the desired dates on the calendars. When changing a date range, data throughout Eyenalyze will update to present the selected date range.
Users can use this to view a restaurants data for any specific day, week, month, or year.
At the top of every page in Eyenalyze a user can quickly access the Dashboard, or a specific Hub, by selecting the respective quick link located below the restaurant name.
The first symbol is for the Dashboard, then Sales Hub, Inventory Hub, Labor Hub, and Profit Hub, respectively.
Various pages in Eyenalyze have a wrench icon, called the Edit Menu, that allows users to further edit or use the platform. The Edit Menu is always located next to the title of the page.
Each Hub on the Dashboard has a chevron symbol on the right hand side that acts as a drop down menu allowing users to quickly access a specific Fuse within the Hub.
There are two ways to switch between restaurants using the Eyenalyze platform:
- In the top right menu, select "Restaurants" and options for available restaurants will appear.
- Select the restaurant name on the page and the option to search or scroll to a new restaurant will appear.
The Eyenalyze platform is centered around data tables for users to view information. Most tables with information in Eyenalyze are a data table, and can be sorted by each vertical category available. Simply click the header and the table will sort "A to Z" or "Z to A" respectively.


text:
Switch quickly between apps
When you're using your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch, you can switch quickly from one app to another. When you return to an app, you can pick up right where you left off. Multitasking doesn't slow down the performance of the foreground app or drain battery life too much.
Here's how you switch quickly between apps:
- Double-click the Home button to display recently used apps.
- Swipe left or right to find the app you want use.
- Tap the app to open it.
Allow apps to refresh in the background
Some apps will run for a short period of time before they're set to a suspended state. This means they're not actively in use, open, or taking up system resources. When you return to these apps, they'll open instantly.
Some apps can continue to run in the background. You can allow these apps to refresh themselves by turning on Background App Refresh. This settings lets apps check for new content and download updates, or retrieve updated content in the background when they receive push notifications.
To save battery, apps running in the background refresh at certain times, like when your device is connected to Wi-Fi, plugged into a power source, or being actively used. iOS learns patterns based on how you use your device and tries to predict when an app running in the background should refresh. It also learns when the device is typically inactive, like at night, to help keep apps from refreshing when you're not using your device. Apps can also schedule background refreshing based on your location.
To use this setting, tap Settings > General > Background App Refresh.
If you turn off Background App Refresh, some background activity might still occur.
Find out what to do if an app unexpectedly quits, stops responding, or won't open.
Find out how to adjust settings on your device to maximize battery life.


text:
Nguyen-Widrow layer initialization function
net = initnw(net,i)
initnw is a layer initialization function that initializes a layer's
weights and biases according to the Nguyen-Widrow initialization algorithm. This algorithm
chooses values in order to distribute the active region of each neuron in the layer
approximately evenly across the layer's input space. The values contain a degree of randomness,
so they are not the same each time this function is called.
initnw requires that the layer it initializes have a transfer function
with a finite active input range. This includes transfer functions such as
satlin, but not
whose active input range is the infinite interval
[-inf, inf]. Transfer
functions, such as
tansig, will return their active input range as
activeInputRange = tansig('active') activeInputRange = -2 2
net = initnw(net,i) takes two arguments,
Index of a layer
and returns the network with layer
i's weights and biases
There is a random element to Nguyen-Widrow initialization. Unless the default random
generator is set to the same seed before each call to
initnw, it will
generate different weight and bias values each time.
You can create a standard network that uses
initnw by calling
To prepare a custom network to be initialized with
'initlay'. This sets
net.initParamto the empty matrix
initlayhas no initialization parameters.
To initialize the network, call
The Nguyen-Widrow method generates initial weight and bias values for a layer so that the active regions of the layer's neurons are distributed approximately evenly over the input space.
Advantages over purely random weights and biases are
Few neurons are wasted (because all the neurons are in the input space).
Training works faster (because each area of the input space has neurons). The Nguyen-Widrow method can only be applied to layers
With a bias
With weights whose
transferFcnwhose active region is finite
If these conditions are not met, then
rands to initialize the layer's weights and biases.


text:
I have this little problem bothering. The question goes like this:
A ray enters an equilateral glass prism of refractive index 1.55 at the midpoint of one side of the prism at an angle of inceidence of 35 degrees.
a. Sketch this arrangement and show that the angle of refraction of the light ray in the glass is 22 degrees.
b. Show that the angle of incidence where the light ray leaves the glass prism is 38 degree.
c. Calculate the angle of refraction of the light ray where it leaves the prism.
2. Relevant equations
n= Sin i/Sin r
3. The attempt at a solution
I am able to do a. For b this is my working:
1.55=Sin i/Sin 22
But I obtained 35.5 degrees. Can anyone please explain where I am going wrong?